bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of quality of life: what we know and do not know
Authors: Schalock R. L. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground Over the past two decades the concept of quality of life (QOL) has increasingly become a focus for research and application in the fields of education/special education, health care (physical and behavioural), social services (disabilities and ageing), and families.Methods This article summarizes our current understanding of the construct of individual QOL as it pertains to persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). The article's three major sections discuss what we know, what we are beginning to understand, and what we still do not know about the QOL construct.Results We currently know the importance of the QOL construct as a service delivery principle, along with its current use and multidimensional nature. We are beginning to understand the importance of methodological pluralism in the assessment of QOL, the multiple uses of quality indicators, the predictors of assessed QOL, the effects of different data collection strategies, and the etic (universal) and emic (culture‐bound) properties of the construct. We have yet to understand fully the use of QOL‐related outcomes in programme change, how to best evaluate the outcomes of QOL‐related services, and how to use the concept of QOL to impact public and disability reform.Conclusion The article concludes with a brief discussion of future challenges related to demonstrating the concept's social validity and positive impact on the lives of persons with ID.
Autism and intellectual disability: a study of prevalence on a sample of the Italian population
Authors: La Malfa G. , Lassi S. , Bertelli M. , Salvini R. , Placidi G. F. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground  In 1994, the American Association on Mental Retardation with the DSM‐IV has come to a final definition of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), in agreement with the ICD‐10. Prevalence of PDD in the general population is 0.1–0.15% according to the DSM‐IV. PDD are more frequent in people with severe intellectual disability (ID). There is a strict relationship between ID and autism: 40% of people with ID also present a PDD, on the other hand, nearly 70% of people with PDD also have ID. We believe that in Italy PDD are underestimated because there is no agreement about the classification system and diagnostic instruments.Method  Our aim is to assess the prevalence of PDD in the Italian population with ID. The Scale of Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Mentally Retarded Persons (PDD‐MRS) seems to be a very good instrument for classifying and diagnosing PDD.Results  The application of the PDD‐MRS and a clinical review of every individual case on a sample of 166 Italian people with ID raised the prevalence of PDD in this population from 7.8% to 39.2%.Conclusions  The study confirms the relationship between ID and autism and suggests a new approach in the study of ID in order to elaborate a new integrated model for people with ID.
Predictors of parent–child language during novel task play: a comparison between typically developing children and individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Johnson‐Glenberg M. C. , Chapman R. S. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThree questions were asked that explored the linguistic fine‐tuning hypothesis and how parents might model language: (i) do parents significantly tune to their children's productive language or non‐verbal cognition during play? (ii) is the level of the linguistic tuning different in the Down syndrome (DS) population compared to a typically developing (TD)‐match group population? and (iii) do the two populations differ in requests for labels and the scaffolding responses to the requests? In an exploratory play condition, parents of children with DS used a mean length of utterance (MLU) significantly higher than the MLU used by the parents of younger TD children who were matched for MLU. Thus, the DS parents have a higher baseline MLU, but the non‐significant correlations in the DS group do not support parental MLU tuning. There was evidence, however, for parental tuning to the children's lexicon using a number of different words when the DS children were at lower and average levels of receptive syntax and non‐verbal cognition. In addition, DS and TD parents requested labels for novel toys with the same frequency, perhaps indicting that all groups of parents are still probing and building their children's lexicons. This is an important finding because it may help to explain why adolescents and young adults with DS have vocabulary comprehension skills greater than one would predict from measures of their production and non‐verbal cognition.
Filarial chyluria: Long‐term experience of a university hospital in India
Authors: TANDON VIPUL , SINGH HARBANS , DWIVEDI U S , MAHMOOD MUFTI , SINGH P B 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: Filariasis is an endemic problem in various Indian states. We evaluated the results of long‐term follow up (10–20 years) of patients with filarial chyluria.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 160 patients treated for filarial chyluria who presented to the Banaras Hindu University Hospital from 1982 to 1992. Eighty‐four patients (52.5%) were treated using diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and a fat restricted diet and 76 patients (47.5%) underwent surgery. To examine the long‐term effects of filarial chyluria we analysed data on post‐treatment recurrence, weight gain, dietary freedom, chyluria free period and a number of other associated factors.Results: Previous history of filariasis or its complication was documented in 19% of patients. In 71% of cases, cystoscopy showed that chylous efflux was predominant in the left ureteric orifice. The long‐term remission rate was 62% in the conservatively managed group (DEC + fat restricted diet), whereas 90% of patients in the operated group were cured. Postoperative recurrence rate was 10%. There was more weight gain and dietary freedom along with a longer chyluria free period in the operated group relative to the conservatively managed group.Conclusions: Definitive surgical ablation of lymphatic urinary fistula is better than conservative medical management because it has a higher success rate, more dietary freedom and, therefore, better patient acceptability.
Disturbed voiding associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibroma
Authors: SUGIYAMA TAKAHIDE , MATSUMOTO SEIJI , YAMAMOTO YUTAKA , SHIMIZU NOBUTAKA , KURITA TAKASHI 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe incidence of von Recklinghausen's disease is most frequent among neurocutaneous syndrome. It is an intractable neurological disease. About half of the disease is caused by an autosomal dominant inheritance and another half by mutation. It is characterized by neurofibroma which arises on various parts of the body and gradually increases with age. We recently encountered a case where a growth of neurofibroma within the foreskin had disturbed voiding.
Metanephric Adenoma Treated with Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Authors: EBINE TAKASHI , OHARA REI , MOMMA TETSUO , SAITO SHIRO , KURAMOCHI SHIGERU 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA 31‐year‐old‐female presented with a left renal mass detected incidentally during an abdominal ultrasound examination. Computed tomography and angiography revealed a hypovascular solid tumor 4.5 cm in diameter at the middle portion of the left kidney. Laparoscopic left nephrectomy was performed and macroscopic examination of the specimen revealed encapsulated tumor with grayish yellow cut surface. Histological examination demonstrated that the tumor cells were small scant cytoplasms, containing round and regular nuclei, forming a glomerular‐like structure. There was no mitosis nor cellular atypia indicating a malignant structure. The histological diagnosis was metanephric adenoma.
Clinical, biochemical and pathological features of initial and repeat transrectal ultrasonography prostate biopsy positive patients
Authors: YUEN JOHN SHYI PENG , LAU WEBER KAM ONN , NG LAY GUAT , TAN PUAY HOON , KHIN LAY WAI , CHENG CHRISTOPHER WAI SAM 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: Using sextant biopsy, 16–41% of prostate cancers were diagnosed on repeat biopsy. The objective of the present study was to compare the differences in the clinical, biochemical and pathological features between patients with positive results on initial and repeat biopsies, with an aim to identify factors that can be used to improve the detection rate of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate.Methods: Between February 2000 and April 2001, 222 patients with a mean age of 64 years (range 38–85) underwent TRUS‐guided 10‐core prostate biopsy for either abnormal prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (>4 ng/mL) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). Of this number, 165 patients underwent their first biopsy, whereas 45 and 12 patients had had one or two previous biopsies, respectively.Results: Prostate cancer detection rates for the initial biopsy group (n = 165), second biopsy group (n = 45) and third biopsy group (n = 12) were 29.7, 23.0 and 41.7%, respectively. Six patients who had a negative first 10‐core biopsy underwent a second 10‐core biopsy and one patient (16%) was found to have cancer. Apart from total prostate volume, there were no significant statistical differences between the patient age, mean total PSA, PSA density, PSA‐transition zone density, DRE and TRUS findings between the initial and repeat biopsy groups of subjects who had cancer. Those who had cancer detected only on repeat biopsies had larger prostate glands (P = 0.041).Conclusion: Patients who had cancer detected only on repeat biopsies had bigger prostate glands, supporting the hypothesis that TRUS sextant biopsy as a technique suffers the error of under‐sampling in a bigger prostate.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle
Authors: AGRAWAL VIVEK , KUMAR SUNIL , SHARMA DEBORSHI , SINGH USHA RANI , GUPTA ARUN 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA case of leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle detected as a prerectal mass on routine per‐rectal examination is described in a 37‐year‐old man. Computed tomography scan confirmed it to be arising from the right seminal vesicle. Per‐rectal trucut biopsy showed malignant cells. Radical cystoprostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with anterior resection of rectum and urinary diversion with ileal conduit was performed. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen showed moderately differentiated leiomyosarcoma from the seminal vesicle. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and sandwiched radiotherapy. He is well and free of tumor 20 months after surgery.
Stromal invasion of the prostate following a complete response to bacillus Calmette‐Guerin instillation therapy for carcinoma in situ of the ureter and the bladder
Authors: HARA ISAO , YAO AKIHISA , MURAMAKI MOTOTSUGU , HIKOSAKA SATOKO , YAMADA YUJI , KAWABATA GAKU , KAMIDONO SADAO 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) instillation therapy is now a standard therapy for high‐risk superficial bladder cancer patients. Although the complete response rate is approximately 70%, extra‐vesical progression is sometimes observed. In particular, those patients who present a positive urinary cytology even after complete response from bladder lesion should be thoroughly examined. We present two cases of stromal invasion of the prostate after complete remission by BCG therapy of carcinoma in situ of the ureter and bladder found by transrectal prostate biopsy.
Nephrotic syndrome as a result of membranous nephropathy caused by renal cell carcinoma
Authors: KURODA ISAO , UENO MUNEHISA , OKADA HIROKAZU , SHIMADA SHIHO , AKITA MASUMI , TSUKAMOTO TAKUJI , DEGUCHI NOBUHIRO 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA 77‐year‐old woman was admitted for a renal biopsy to evaluate a case of nephrotic syndrome. In the course of the examination, a right renal tumor was incidentally found. We performed a right radical nephrectomy in advance of the renal biopsy. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a renal cell carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma) and the non‐neoplastic renal cell tissue showed membranous nephropathy (MN). After surgery, the nephrotic syndrome remitted without any further medical treatment and the MN was considered to be a malignancy associated syndrome. There have been few case reports in the literature regarding this association and we wish to describe another case.
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with interaortocaval lymph node metastases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract
Authors: KIM CHUL JANG , WAKABAYASHI YOSHIHIKO , KUSHIMA RYOJI , SAKANO YUJI , YOSHIKI TATSUHIRO , OKADA YUSAKU 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThree patients suffered from renal pelvic, ureteral and bladder cancers that were treated with both standard surgical treatments and two adjuvant cycles of cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy. Metastases of interaortocaval lymph nodes were detected in all patients between 9 and 33 months from the surgery for primary lesions. All patients received three cycles of cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). The chemotherapy achieved partial response (62–98%). Two patients with viable cancer cells died with hepatic metastases; the first 15 months and the second 25 months from the date of diagnosis of distant lymph node metastasis. The third patient, who had no viable cancer cells, remains alive and disease‐free 36 months later. Therefore, RPLND after chemotherapy provides prognostic information that helps to define patients who might benefit from additional systemic chemotherapy.
Solitary floating vena caval thrombus as a late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: MINERVINI ANDREA , SALINITRI GIUSEPPE , LERA JACOPO , CALDARELLI CLAUDIO , CARAMELLA DAVIDE , MINERVINI RICCARDO 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe report an unusual case of solitary thrombus floating in the inferior vena cava (IVC) in a patient who underwent radical nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the right kidney extended into the renal vein with no capsular and perinephric tissue invasion (pT3b). Twenty months after surgery, a routine computed tomography scan identified an intraluminal mass floating in the IVC. Cavotomy and thrombectomy with no caval resection were successfully performed. A review of the literature showed only three previous published cases of RCC recurring in the IVC only, with no local recurrence or distant metastases. We outline the possible etiology of these unusual and solitary recurrences in the IVC and we emphasize the need for a strict surveillance for all patients with RCC and especially for those with pT1b, pT2 and pT3 disease. An early diagnosis of this rare recurrence can permit an easy removal of the thrombus with no caval resection and graft replacement, making this disease potentially curable by surgery.
Effect of vesical contraction on the non‐sphincteric part of the urethra: Recognition of vesicourethral inhibitory reflex
Authors: SHAFIK AHMED , SHAFIK ALI A , EL‐SIBAI OLFAT , AHMED ISMAIL 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives: The effect of vesical contraction on the non‐sphincteric part of the urethra has been scarcely addressed in the literature. In this study, the hypothesis that detrusor contraction effects dilatation of the non‐sphincteric part of the urethra was investigated.Methods: Non‐sphincteric urethral pressure response to vesical balloon distension with normal saline in increments of 50 mL was recorded in 21 healthy volunteers (mean age 40.7 ± 10.3 years, 13 men) before and after individual anesthetization of the urethra and urinary bladder. Vesical distension was effected by a 10F balloon‐ended catheter introduced into bladder per urethram. Urethral and vesical pressures were measured by means of a two‐channel microtip catheter.Results: Small‐volume vesical distension effected no significant urethral or vesical pressure changes while distension with 350 and 400 mL of saline produced vesical pressure elevation (P < 0.01) and urethral pressure decrease (P < 0.01). Vesical distension after individual vesical and urethral anesthetization effected no change in the urethral pressure. These results were reproducible.Conclusions: Dilatation of the non‐sphincteric part of the urethra upon vesical contraction is suggested to be mediated through a ‘vesicourethral inhibitory reflex’ and to facilitate passage of urine through the urethra. The reflex may prove to be of diagnostic significance in micturition disorders.
Results of the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure for stress incontinence: Patient's perspective
Authors: MANIKANDAN RAMASWAMY , KUJAWA MAGDA , PEARSON EVELYN , O'REILLY PATRICK H , BROWN STEPHEN CW 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: To evaluate the results of the tension‐free vaginal tape procedure (TVT) from a patient's perspective.Methods: Between May 1999 and January 2002, 90 patients underwent a TVT for genuine stress incontinence (GSI) and mixed incontinence. Prior to the procedure, GSI was confirmed by clinical examination and urodynamic studies. Results were then audited from patient notes and the same patients were sent questionnaires to examine results from a patient perspective.Results: Overall response rate to the questionnaire was 70 (77%). The mean age of the patients was 50.4 years (range 31–83 years). Sixty‐one patients had spinal anesthesia, seven had general anesthesia and two had local anesthesia. Mean hospital stay was 3.36 days (range 2–14 days) and mean period from the operation to the time of the survey and audit was 16.34 months (range 3–28; SD 6.92). Thirty‐nine (56%) of the 70 patients who answered said that the operation had cured their incontinence, 16 (23%) had an improvement in their symptoms, 7 (10%) had worsening of their symptoms and 8 (11%) felt that the operation did not make any difference. The overall success rate according to the patients’ perspective was 79%, whereas our audit showed an overall success rate of 86% (77% and 82%, respectively, when we compared only the 66 patients who had both notes and replies available for analysis).Conclusion: Although a patient's perception regarding the success of TVT tends to differ from that of a clinician, it was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.22, McNemar test). The TVT is a very successful operation, but realistic cure rates should be offered to patients.
Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for inferior vena caval tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: OIKAWA TAKEHIRO , SHIMAZUI TORU , JOHRAKU AKIRA , KIHARA SHINICHI , TSUKAMOTO SADAMU , MIYANAGA NAOTO , HATTORI KAZUNORI , KAWAI KOJI , UCHIDA KATSUNORI , TAKESHIMA HITOSHI , SAITO SHIGEYUKI , TOYOOKA HIDENORI , AKAZA HIDEYUKI 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground : We investigated the advantages of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during inferior vena caval tumor thrombectomy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods : Five patients with RCC that extended into the inferior vena cava (IVC) underwent radical nephrectomy. To remove the tumor thrombus in the IVC, an inflated Fogarty balloon catheter was used to pull the thrombus below the level of the hepatic veins with real‐time TEE monitoring.Results : In all cases, TEE monitoring during surgery provided an accurate and excellent view of the IVC thrombus. TEE was particularly helpful for the thrombectomy to minimize hepatic mobilization by using occlusion balloon catheter in two patients whose thrombus extended to the intrahepatic IVC.Conclusions : Intraoperative real‐time TEE monitoring is a safe, minimally invasive technique that can provide accurate information regarding the presence and extent of IVC involvement, guidance for placement of a vena caval clamp, confirmation of complete removal of the IVC thrombus and intervention using catheters to assist in thrombectomy.
Endocrine therapy with or without radical prostatectomy for T1b‐T3N0M0 prostate cancer
Authors: HOMMA YUKIO , AKAZA HIDEYUKI , OKADA KIYOKI , YOKOYAMA MASAO , USAMI MICHIYUKI , HIRAO YOSHIHIKO , TSUSHIMA TOMOYASU , SAKAMOTO ATSUHIKO , OHASHI YASUO , ASO YOSHIO , THE PROSTATE CANCER STUDY GROUP  
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: We retrospectively compared the 5‐year survival rates of T1b‐T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients treated either by endocrine therapy plus radical prostatectomy or endocrine therapy alone.Methods: Clinical T1b‐T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients were enrolled at 104 institutions in Japan. They were assigned to study 1 (n = 176), if they were indicated to prostatectomy, if not indicated, they were assigned to study 2 (n = 151). The indication of prostatectomy was based on the clinical judgement of physicians and/or patients. Those assigned to study 1 underwent prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy with or without preoperative androgen deprivation. Those assigned to study 2 were treated with leuprorelin acetate with or without chlormadinone acetate. They were followed‐up every 3 months until death or for 5 years and over.Results: Those assigned to study 1 were younger (mean age 67.2 vs 75.7 years), less advanced in clinical stage, and had lower prostate specific antigen levels (mean 43.8 vs 103.6 ng/mL). Death for any reason was observed less frequently in study 1 (n = 29, 16%) than study 2 (n = 50, 33%), and the 5‐year overall survival rate was higher in study 1 (87 vs. 68%). However, prostate cancer deaths were comparatively seldom (9% in study 1 and 7% in study 2), resulting in the identical 5‐year cause specific survival rate in both study groups (91%). In both study groups the overall survival was almost equal to the natural survival of age‐matched men.Conclusions: Endocrine therapy offers a reasonable survival rate in T1b‐T3 prostate cancer patients within a 5‐year follow‐up. Observation will be extended to determine 10‐year outcomes.
Intravesical resiniferatoxin for patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: WATANABE TOYOHIKO , YOKOYAMA TERUHIKO , SASAKI KATSUMI , NOZAKI KUNIHIRO , OZAWA HIDEO , KUMON HIROMI 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBackground: Resiniferatoxin (RTX), a substance isolated from some species of Euphobia, is a specific C‐fiber neurotoxin which produces desensitization rather than excitation. At first, we performed intravesical RTX therapy on eight patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. After we confirmed the safety and efficacy, a Japanese RTX study group was organized and a new protocol made. The multicenter trial was performed in Japan. However, the efficacy of the treatments was different among the institutions. Therefore, we have compared the results between the first protocol and the new one at our hospital.Methods: The first and second protocol involved the RTX solution (30 mL of 500 nM, and 100 mL of 1 µM, respectively) being instillated in the bladder for 30 min by almost the same procedures. Effects on bladder function were evaluated during treatment and at follow up.Results: For the first and second protocols, six out of eight patients noted symptomatic improvement while two patients did not notice any change in the degree of incontinence for one month. The mean urodynamic bladder capacity had significantly increased from 138.0 ± 64.4 mL to 227.3 ± 112.4 mL and 133.1 ± 43.3 mL to 247.0 ± 102.3 mL 1 month after RTX treatment for the first and second protocols, respectively (P < 0.05). No severe side‐effects were seen in either group.Conclusion: Intravesical RTX improved bladder capacity in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity in both protocols. The concentration of RTX did not exhibit any change in the effect and safety in our hospital. Intravesical RTX is a promising treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity.