bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Resource Allocation: How Definition and Impetus Interact to Shape Strategic Outcomes
Authors: Gilbert Clark G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Up to now, most of the chapters in this book have focused on whether firms will or will not allocate resources to a given project. Burgelman asks whether Intel will invest in microprocessors, Christensen looks at commitments to new disk-drive technologies, Sull tries to explain why Firestone will not divest old tire technologies, and Noda compares the expansion and contraction of investment in cellular telephony. That emphasis is appropriate, given the book’s premise that these resource commitments shape strategic outcomes. But what happens when the process building impetus behind an investment impacts the definition of plans that use those resources? This chapter will examine a resource allocation failure—commitment to disruptive technology—and show how overcoming the resource allocation problem can actually lead to problems with strategic definition.
Resource Allocation Processes in Multidimensional Organizations: MNCs and Alliances
Authors: Doz Yves L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In large complex firms, research on resource allocation often has been premised on three critical assumptions: Resource allocation takes place in the context of a single and unidimensional hierarchy of functions, product lines, business units, and business groups or sectors, typified by the ‘M-Form’ organizational structure. Resource allocation takes place in a simple governance structure consisting of one owner and one set of decision rights competing for customers against similar corporate entities in an open market. Resources are capital allocated through a process largely distributed in a centrally designed structural context. The multinational company differs from these assumed conditions in significant ways. To begin with, multinational companies (MNCs) relatively early developed multidimensional structures, with at least a geographic and a product/business perspective intersecting in some matrix form of organization to deal with increasing product and geographic diversity (Fouraker and Stopford 1968; Stopford and Wells 1972).
Resource-Based Theory
Authors: Barney Jay B , Clark Delwyn N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 'Resource-Based View of the Firm' has emerged over the last fifteen years as one of the dominant perspectives used in strategic management. It addresses the fundamental research question of strategic management: Why it is that some firms persistently outperform others? Resource-Based Theory provides a considered overview of this theory, including the latest developments, from one of the key thinkers in its development. In broad terms it offers an alternative to Michael Porter's approach, focusing more on the competences and capabilities of the firm, rather than its positioning in its chosen markets. Jay B. Barney has long been recognised as one of the leading contributor to the resource-based theory literature. In this book he has collaborated with Delwyn N. Clark to produce the first book to examine the theory in a holistic and in-depth manner. The authors explore not only the applications of the theory in research, teaching, and practice, but also its early roots in traditional economic theory, development and proliferation in the 1990s, and later influence on management thinking.
The Psychological Vulnerabilities Of Witnesses And The Risk Of False Accusations And False Confessions
Authors: Gudjonsson Gisli H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Investigative interviewing’ is an important form of evidence gathering. The principal 4.01 objective is to obtain information that is detailed, complete, comprehensible, valid (in legal settings the words ‘safe’ and ‘reliable’ are commonly used to describe validity), and relevant to the legal issues in the case that need to be established and proved. A number of governmental and local agencies are involved in conducting investigative interviews, including the police, Customs and Excise, the military and the security services Interviewing also occurs in other settings, such as mental health and organisational.
Forensic Facial Identification
Authors: Valentine Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All criminal prosecutions rely on identifying the culprit. In some cases, it may be possible 16.01 to establish identification through Fingerprints, DNA or other forensic evidence. In other cases identification may not be disputed. Nevertheless, in many criminal cases identification by eyewitnesses is the only means of establishing a disputed identification. Concerns about the role of mistaken identification in wrongful convictions in England and Wales led eventually to the report of the departmental committee chaired by Lord Devlin.
Assessing Contentious Eyewitness Evidence: A Judicial View*
Authors: Bingham Tom 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the hierarchy of legal skills, pride of place is given, and quite rightly, to the great 18.01 exponents of legal principle, those (whether academic or judicial) who weave disparate * Originally included as part of a paper published in Current Legal Problems, vol. 38, London: Stevens & Sons Ltd, 1985, 1–27, and subsequently incorporated as part of Chapter 1 in Bingham, T. H., The Business of Judging: selected essays and speeches, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. The text is virtually unchanged but the insertion of section headings and a small number of deletions and additions by the editors in the interests of consistency of chronology and house-style has been kindly approved by the author.
Introduction
Authors: MacKenzie Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just after 11.00 a.m., every weekday that is not a bank holiday, an apparently mundane calculation is performed at a couple of desks in an unremarkable open-plan office in London’s Docklands. Small sets of numbers arrive electronically or by telephone. The two people orchestrating the calculation correct obvious typing mistakes and check less clear-cut discrepancies by telephone calls: ‘Hello, it’s [X]. Just want to check the one-week on the Danish [Krone]. You guys are quoting 2.51. You want to keep it around that?’ or ‘Everyone else is coming in a good bit under that.’ Sometimes they telephone and remind those who should have provided figures.
Constructing Emissions Markets
Authors: MacKenzie Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Universities contain rooms and buildings that academics never enter: boiler houses, for example. Amongst their contents are meters that measure the consumption of electricity, natural gas, and oil. Those readings determine the substantial sums that universities spend on energy: around £9 million per year for my university. Some of the meters at the University of Edinburgh now have a second function too, indirectly measuring the carbon dioxide emitted by the boilers and combined heat and power units to which they are connected. Largely un- noticed, the meters have become part of what is in effect a measurement net- work stretching across Europe.
Habitats Conservation in EC Law-From Nature Sanctuaries to Ecological Networks
Authors: Sadeleer Nicolas de 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although less marked than on other continents, Europe’s biological diversity displays a number of particular characteristics. Significant variations in the physical environment (climate, soils, hydrology, winds, topography), the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and the different regional seas, as well as the geological and climatic history of the region (glaciations) have contributed to the evolution of a rich diversity of animal species, ecosystems, and natural landscapes on the continent. Various large groups of inland and freshwater ecosystems (forests, moors, brush land, and steppes), mountains (rocky outcrops and sands), internal freshwater systems (lakes and rivers), wetlands (peat-bogs, swamps), deserts and tundra (agricultural and artificial em-systems) span the continent, shaped both by the physical conditions characterizing the continent (soils, climate, hydrology, exposure, and so on) and by human activity.
Language Classification by Numbers
Authors: McMahon April , McMahon Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book considers how languages have traditionally been divided into families, and asks how they should classified in the future. It describes and applies computer programs from biology and evolutionary genetics to data about languages and shows how the power of the computer can be harnessed to throw light on long-standing problems in historical linguistics. It tests current theories and hypotheses, shows how new ideas can be formulated, and offers a series of demonstrations that the new techniques applied to old data can produce convincing results that are sometimes startlingly at odds with accepted wisdom. April and Robert McMahon combine the expertise and perspectives of an historical linguist and a geneticist. They analyse the links between linguistic and population genetics, and consider how far language can be used to discover and understand the histories and interrelations of human populations. They explore the origins and formation of the Indo-European languages and examine less well studied languages in South America. Their book will be of great practical importance to students and researchers in historical and comparative linguistics and will interest all those concerned with the classification and diffusion of languages in fields such as archaeology, genetics, and anthropology. Its approachable style will appeal to general readers seeking to know more about the relationship between linguistic and human history.
High brow and low brow culture
Authors: Führer Karl Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The memory of the Weimar Republic is strongly shaped by its various art forms. Some would see the ‘expressionist film’ epitomizing the culture of the 1920s, with the vampire Nosferatu from F. W. Murnau’s film of the same name or the female robot in Fritz Lang’s film Metropolis having become part of the iconography of the twentieth century. Others would cite literary monuments like Thomas Mann’s The Magic Mountain or Alfred Döblin’s Berlin Alexanderplatz, the works of Brecht or those of the composers Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith, as aesthetic high points of the era.
Knowledge, Options, and Institutions
Authors: Kogut Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bruce Kogut's writing has sketched a theory of human motivation that sees managers as social, often altruistic, sometimes as selfish, who care about their colleagues and their status among them. For the first time this book collects together key pieces that show how this view works in application to practical managerial issues, such as technology transfer and licensing, joint ventures as options, and the diffusion of ideas and best practices in the world economy. In an extensive introduction to these chapters, Kogut grounds this view in recent work in neurosciences and behavioural experiments in human sociality. On this basis, he provides a critique of leading schools of thought in management, including the resource based view of the firm cognition, and experimental economics. He proposes that people are hardwired to learn social norms and to develop identities that conform to social categories. This foundation supports a concept of coordination among people that is inscribed in social communities. It is this concept that leads to a theory of the firm as derived from social knowledge and shared identities. Kogut argues that the resource based view of the firm is only a view and it fails as a theory because it lacks a behavioural foundation. If it were to choose one, the choice would be between knowledge and organizational economics. Similarly, he argues that recent statements regarding cognition do not confront the age-old question of shared templates. If it did, it too would have to confront a theory of social knowledge. The author then proposes that this foundation is essential to an understanding of norms and institutions as well. Thus, we are moving into a period in which rapid advances in neuroscience increasingly lead to an integrated foundation for the social sciences. This opening chapter is the gateway to the collected essays, which assemble the author's published articles on knowledge, options, and institutions. The book ends on the most recent work on open source software and generating rules. The chapter on open source discusses how new technology is changing the face of innovation. The final article on generating rules is the segue to the author's current work that looks at how simple rules of social exchange leads to complex patterns of local and global knowledge.
She gave him a look, they both had a laugh and then took a stroll Give a Verb, Have a Verb and Take a Verb constructions
Authors: Dixon R M W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parallel to Mary walked in the garden we can say Mary had a walk in the garden. Here the verb have substitutes for walk, and takes tense inflection. The original verb base walk now functions as head of an NP which follows have, with the singular indefinite article a. The locational phrase in the garden is carried over unaltered. These two sentences, Mary walked in the garden and Mary had a walk in the garden, have a similar meaning; there is, however, a definite and predictable semantic difference, which we discuss in §14.3.
There is also the take a verb construction, built on similar principles— compare John kicked at the ball and John took a kick at the ball.
Social Business Entrepreneurs are the Solution
Authors: Yunus Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the problems in the world remain unresolved because we continue to interpret capitalism too narrowly. In this narrow interpretation we create a one-dimensional human being to play the role of entrepreneur. We insulate him from other dimensions of life such as religious, emotional, and political dimensions. He is dedicated to one mission in his business life—to maximize profit. He is supported by masses of one-dimensional human beings who back him up with their investment money to achieve the same mission. The game of free market works out beautifully with one-dimensional investors and entrepreneurs. We have remained so mesmerized by the success of the free market that we never dared to express any doubt about it. We worked extra hard to transform ourselves, as closely as possible, into the one-dimensional human beings as conceptualized in theory to allow the smooth functioning of free market mechanisms.
Delivering on the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship: Challenges Faced in Launching a Global Social Capital Market
Authors: Hartigan Pamela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion of a global social capital market has been the subject of academic publications in the USA since the mid-1990s. But at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, a panel discussion catapulted the concept to a global stage and captured international attention among social investors, philanthropists, social entrepreneurs, and other thought leaders. During the year that followed, major efforts were undertaken to launch the market—which was baptized as the GEXSI—the Global Exchange for Social Investment. Over the past twenty years, the growth in the size and global influence of socially oriented activity by the for-profit and not-for-profit sectors has become a factor promising positive transformation of national and international development.
World Society and the Proliferation of Formal Organization
Authors: Meyer John W , Drori, Gili S , Hwang Hokyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Americans of all ages, all conditions, and all dispositions constantly form associations. They have not only commercial and manufacturing companies, in which ail take part, but associations of a thousand other kinds, religious, moral, serious, futile, general or restricted, enormous or diminutive. Alexis de Toqueville, in his commentary on nineteenth-century America. noted the tendency of Americans toward the organizational structuring of social life (1969 [1836]). Today, this tendency is shared across societies worldwide, and for some of the same reasons that mobilized American society over two centuries ago.
The Worldwide Diffusion of Business Education, 1881-1999: Historical Trajectory and Mechanisms of Expansion
Authors: Moon Hyeyoung , Wotipka Christine Min 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The universalistic and standardized organizational forms resulting from globalization as argued in this volume have without a doubt caused dramatic changes in the business arena. Businesses regardless of nationality have come to be viewed as similar-organizational actors that share universal and standardized characteristics. Challenges for businesses are expected to call for similar solutions, i.e. new managerial knowledge and skills, and to be carried out by rational actors. In order to meet the need for professional managers, we have witnessed, along with the massive expansion of higher education, a global explosion of professional management education throughout the twentieth century, across countries (Locke 1984, 1989; Engwall and Zamagni 1998)-from a handful of countries at the dawn of the twentieth century to more than 100 countries by the end of the same century.
Transparent Accounting as a World Societal Rule
Authors: Jang Yong Suk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A worldwide movement of theorization and professionalization of management has spread a variety of modern organizational systems, including personal training, decision-making, accounting, organizational behavior, and strategy. This movement advocates expanded notions of organizational ‘rationality’, denigrating older forms of organization. In this chapter, I examine and explain this movement, focusing on the area of accounting. The core theme is the elaboration of an accountability model for global governance in general and of modern corporate accounting in particular. The main explanatory story is that of globalization.
The Moral Rights of Authors and Performers
Authors: Adeney Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is a comprehensive guide to the development and utilisation of moral rights across the key jursidictions of the English-speaking world and in France and Germany. In recent years, the copyright statutes of the common law countries have been expanded by the introduction of provisions dealing with purely authorial rights moral rights. The book discusses the historical development of the rights in Europe, with particular reference to France and Germany, and shows the growth of moral rights theory and legislative coverage up to the late 1930s. During the 1920s the moral rights of authors became the subject of international protection, particularly through the operation of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works. The book explores the adoption of moral rights into this and other international instruments, explaining the functions that moral rights were intended to perform. The author gives detailed accounts of the operation of moral rights in France and Germany today, addressing both statutory interpretation and doctrinal issues. The provision of case studies gives an impression of the rich jurisprudence associated with the rights in these countries. The book also contains a detailed discussion of the versions of moral rights that have become entrenched in Canada, the UK, the US and Australia, with each country considered independently. It deals separately with the introduction of the rights into each country and their operation and interpretation by courts and commentators. Material on common law analogues to the rights is provided, which indicates alternative actions that practitioners might take. Problems of cross-jurisdictional legal proceedings (especially arising from technological transfer of information) are also addressed, with moral rights protection elsewhere in the world summarised in tabular form.
‘Arbitrary’ Pro and the Theory of Pro-Drop
Authors: Hofherr Patricia Cabredo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since Rizzi’s influential work (1986a) on pro-drop, it has been generally assumed that null subject pronouns pattern together depending on their u-role. The idea is that null pronouns bearing a full u-role need more con- tent identification than null pronouns bearing a quasi-u-role or no u-role at all (section 8.1).
The Pronominal Argument Parameter
Authors: Jelinek Eloise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to distinguish a class of Pronominal Argument (PA) languages from the larger class of pro-drop languages. There is considerable typological variation across languages with respect to the distribution of subject and object agreement and clitics (Alexiadou, Chapter 5 above; Alex- iadou and Anagnostopoulou 1998: 493–5). One variety is found in Egyptian Arabic, where the verb agrees in person and number with the subject, permitting pro-drop of subject NPs.
Organizational Sociology and the Analysis of Work
Authors: Haveman Heather , Khaire Mukti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Organizations are the basic building blocks of modern societies (Coleman 1974; Perrow 1991). They wield great power and distribute many benefits, therefore, they have an enormous impact on many aspects of social life, including work. Indeed, structuralist scholars (Stolzenberg 1978; Baron and Bielby 1980) have proposed that, because most people work in organizations, they play the dominant role in shaping people’s work lives. Over the last twenty-five years, sociologists have demonstrated that organizations’ task structures, technologies, cultures, power relations, hiring and promotion practices, compensation systems and benefits, and job ladders affect workers’ social, psychological, and economic outcomes (see Hodson and Sullivan 2002: 175–95 for a review).
Ethics and Work
Authors: Legge Karen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethics has been defined as a ‘systematic attempt to make sense of our individual and social moral experience, in such a way as to determine the rules that ought to govern human conduct, the values worth pursuing, and the character traits deserving development in life’ (de George 1995: 19). In the last thirty years there has been an explosion of explicit interest in ethics relating to business and work organizations, reflected in the creation of new journals, academic courses, and posts in ‘business ethics’.
Professional Work
Authors: Macdonald Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with ‘occupations based on advanced, or complex, or esoteric, or arcane knowledge’, or ‘formally rational abstract utilitarian knowledge’ (Murphy 1988: 245) or what the English-speaking world calls ‘professions’. It is important to recognize that ‘professional’ has a wide range of uses in everyday speech, many of which are value-laden. As Abbott (1988) writes: ‘There are so many uses, many of them tendentious, that one has to take as part of one’s inquiry the problem of how and why these uses come to exist, and leave the matter of ‘‘meaning’’ to one side.