bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decreased level of high‐density lipoprotein is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review
Authors: Bodaghi Ali Bayat , Ebadi Erfan , Gholami Mohammad Javad , Azizi Reza , Shariati Aref 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized primarily by dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) play a significant role in preventing the incidence of dyslipidemia and its complications. HDL has different protective functions, such as reducing oxidation, vascular inflammation, and thrombosis; additionally, its anti‐diabetic role is one of the most significant recent discoveries about HDL and some of its constituent lipoproteins.MethodsThis research reviews ongoing studies and preliminary investigations into the assessment of relation between decreased level of HDL and T2DM.ResultsThe levels of HDL and its functions contribute to glucose hemostasis and the development of T2DM through four possible mechanisms, including insulin secretion by beta cells, peripheral insulin sensitivity, non‐insulin‐dependent glucose uptake, and adipose tissue metabolic activity. Additionally, the anti‐oxidant properties of HDL protect beta cells from apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation induced by low‐density lipoprotein, which facilitate insulin secretion.ConclusionTherefore, HDL and its compositions, especially Apo A‐I, play an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, and decreased levels of HDL can be considered a risk factor for DM. Different factors, such as hypoalphalipoproteinemia that manifests as a consequence of genetic factors, such as Apo A‐I deficiency, as well as secondary causes arising from lifestyle choices and underlying medical conditions that decrease the level of HDL, could be associated with DM. Moreover, intricate connections between HDL and diabetic complications extend beyond glucose metabolism to encompass complications like cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Therefore, the exact interactions between HDL level and DM should be evaluated in future studies.
Reducing heat gain from sheet metal‐clad walls by utilizing industrially wasted materials (experimental study)
Authors: Khaleel Mahmood H. , Hasan Atif Ali , Al‐Bayati Omer Adil Zainal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBuildings' walls are covered to reduce environmental impact and esthetics, and cladding materials vary based on public preference and financial capacity. Metal sheets with glossy surfaces are commonly used, but researchers propose using aluminum sheets and filling gaps with commercial waste materials, like, fabric roll sticks or circular plastic hollow parts. A test room with internal dimensions of 1 × 1 × 2 m used in Baghdad (latitude 33.2° N) was used to study thermal behavior, with a window‐type air conditioner providing standard thermal conditions. The air gap attached to the top of the test wall was either left open or closed during the day. Results showed that double‐layer bamboo packing preserved 52.1% with a closed‐air gap and 49.5% with an open‐air gap, but no discernible difference was observed between the two situations.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a fundamental model for research on mitochondrial gene expression: Progress, achievements and outlooks
Authors: Dinh Nhu , Bonnefoy Nathalie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSchizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) is an attractive model for mitochondrial research. The organism resembles human cells in terms of mitochondrial inheritance, mitochondrial transport, sugar metabolism, mitogenome structure and dependence of viability on the mitogenome (the petite‐negative phenotype). Transcriptions of these genomes produce only a few polycistronic transcripts, which then undergo processing as per the tRNA punctuation model. In general, the machinery for mitochondrial gene expression is structurally and functionally conserved between fission yeast and humans. Furthermore, molecular research on S. pombe is supported by a considerable number of experimental techniques and database resources. Owing to these advantages, fission yeast has significantly contributed to biomedical and fundamental research. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding S. pombe mitochondrial gene expression, and emphasise the pertinence of fission yeast as both a model and tool, especially for studies on mitochondrial translation.
From macro to micro: A close‐up look atHydrangea luteovenosaandHydrangea serrata
Authors: Zaman Wajid , Park Seongjun , Lee Eun Mi , Choi Sumi , Hwang SaeYeon , Park SeonJoo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the anatomical traits of the foliar epidermis is essential for making precise species identification and categorization. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the taxonomically significant foliar epidermal traitsof Hydrangea luteovenosaandH. serrata. The qualitative and quantitative traits observed included the epidermal cell form, cuticle presence, trichome morphology, stomatal type, and guard cell features.H. serratahad a thin and smooth cuticle, and epidermal cells organized compactly into cubic or hexagonal shapes. The stomata were of the anomocytic type and dispersed, while the trichomes were straightforward, unbranched, and distributed sparsely. The guard cells had distinct cell walls and a kidney‐shaped morphology. These crucial traits for taxonomy were in line with an epidermis composed of three to five layers. Similar polygonal epidermal cells with a compact arrangement were observed inH. luteovenosa, together with a thin and smooth cuticle. The stomata were anomocytic and dispersed, while the trichomes were straightforward, unbranched, and sparsely distributed. The guard cells have distinct cell walls and a kidney‐shaped morphology. The traits were indicative of an epidermal structure with three to five layers. These traits helped correctly identify and categorize these two species ofHydrangea. In addition to assisting in the taxonomic classification of these species and advancing knowledge of their ecological and evolutionary links, the SEM study provided insightful information into the structural variety of these species.Research HighlightsMicroscopic characteristics ofH. luteovenosaandH. serrataUnderstanding the anatomical traits of the foliar epidermis is essential for precise species identification and categorization
The effects of HPV oncoproteins on host communication networks: Therapeutic connotations
Authors: Skelin Josipa , Luk Ho Yin , Butorac Dražan , Boon Siaw Shi , Tomaić Vjekoslav 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a leading cause of viral‐induced malignancies worldwide, with a prominent association with cervical and head and neck cancers. The pivotal role of HPV oncoproteins, E5, E6, and E7, in manipulating cellular events, which contribute to viral pathogenesis in various ways, has been extensively documented. This article reviews the influence of HPV oncoproteins on cellular signaling pathways within the host cell, shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of these molecular alterations is essential for the development of targeted therapies and strategies to combat HPV‐induced premalignancies and prevent their progress to cancer. Furthermore, this review underscores the intricate interplay between HPV oncoproteins and some of the most important cellular signaling pathways: Notch, Wnt/β‐catenin, MAPK, JAK/STAT, and PI3K AKT/mTOR. The treatment efficacies of the currently available inhibitors on these pathways in an HPV‐positive context are also discussed. This review also highlights the importance of continued research to advance our knowledge and enhance therapeutic interventions for HPV‐associated diseases.
Generalized memory polynomial input neural networks for nonlinear modeling in digital predistortion applications
Authors: Mu Qin , Li Nanxi , Liu Ying , Du Linsong , Wei Xiaozheng , Long Zixuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe power amplifiers (PAs) will embody the nonlinear distortion if they work at saturation so as to increase efficiency. The neural network (NN)‐based digital predistortion (DPD) is widely applied for the linearization of the PA in wireless communication. However, the current NN‐based DPD schemes only focus on designing the NN hidden layer and ignore improving the NN input layer, which loses the degree of freedom to fit the DPD. Therefore, this paper first proposes the generalized memory polynomial (GMP) input NN structure. The training data of GMP‐NN outputs are obtained by iterative learning control. The experimental results show that the GMP‐NN presents a great advantage in performance compared with the widely used GMP model and recurrent NN (RNN) model. From the testing data, it is observed that the minimum mean square error (MMSE) of the GMP‐NN is 4 dB lower than the conventional GMP model and is nearly 8 dB lower than the RNN model. The proposed GMP‐NN model is also verified in the DPD application, which shows 2.61 dB improvement in comparison with the GMP DPD model.
Unearthing diverse culturable fungal communities associated with Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov. from Indian Western Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Aakriti , Ranout Aditya Singh , Kaur Rupinder , Kumari Pooja , Nadda Gireesh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFungal communities colonizing Ophiocordyceps spp. plays a crucial ecological role in their natural habitat, contributing to infect the host larvae, and influencing their occurrence. Although associated fungi with the newly described Ophiocordyceps indica, from the Indian Western Himalaya remains unclear. Therefore, we untangled the culturable fungal communities associated with O. indica and soil adhered to it, collected from low‐height areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study resulted in the identification of 111 fungal isolates representing 17 families, with maximum fungal isolates (36.03%) within Cordycipitaceae. Interestingly, a total of 24 genera were found associated with O. indica and adhered soil, of which 12 were common, 8 were exclusive to O. indica and 4 were only limited to soil. Additionally, the influence of soil physicochemical parameters on fungal diversity indices revealed a positive correlation with humidity and available nitrogen and a negative correlation with pH and available phosphorus. These findings provide insights into the culturable fungal diversity of O. indica and the soil adhering to it, thus can contribute to the understanding of host‐microbial interactions. Furthermore, these associations can be explored as a source of bioactive metabolites to combat the unending industrial demands.
Late Wolstonian and Ipswichian (MIS 6/5e) sediment fill in a limestone sinkhole, Askham Fell, northern England
Authors: Carling Paul A. , Evans David J. A. , Abbas Mahmoud , Ou Xianjiao , Lai Zhongping 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIn 2019 a sinkhole (doline) occurred in Late Devensian till above fissured limestone in northern England. Most sediment plugging the fissure was evacuated down into a karstic drainage system. The residual sedimentary fill comprises three main lithofacies, dated using optically stimulated luminescence to between 170.7 ± 40.0 and 56.1 ± 13.5 ka. The earliest date demonstrates fissures were present in the limestone pavement at the time of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, or shortly thereafter. The fissure filled with fine sand and silt due to surface runoff and aeolian processes probably at the MIS 6 to MIS 5e transition after Wolstonian glacial ice had retreated. The deposits then collapsed into the karst system. Further fine sand and silt deposition occurred during MIS 3; this deposit filled the central cavity surrounded by residual MIS 6/5e deposits. The sequence was capped by till as Late Devensian (MIS 2) ice transgressed the area. Solution fissures in the karst surfaces of northern England may pre‐date the Late Devensian glaciation. Moreover, fissures are repositories of pre‐Devensian sediment deposits which survived the Late Devensian glaciation and the Ipswichian interglacial. Such sites should provide information on the nature and timing of pre‐Devensian glacial–interglacial events and shed light on basal ice conditions and glaciokarst drainage behaviour.
Nonintensive topical gentamicin treatment of patients with severe epidermolysis bullosa caused by nonsense mutations
Authors: Sandanger Ø. , Torp M. K. , Glesaaen A. , Nilsen H. R. , Sitek J. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is caused by premature termination codons (PTCs) in a significant minority of the patients. Topical gentamicin has been shown to increase wound healing and can restore protein translation in patients with EB through PTC suppression. However, only intensive treatment of limited wound areas have been reported previously.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study is to investigate whether nonintensive topical gentamicin therapy is an effective wound‐healing treatment in patients with severe EB caused by PTCs.MethodsA randomized, open‐controlled, single‐centre, single‐arm clinical trial designed to determine effectiveness at an individual level was performed. Each patient served as their own control and received topical 0.1% gentamicin ointment once daily for 6 weeks on all wounds on one body half. Wound areas were measured at Weeks 0 and 6. Change in wound areas at Week 6 compared with baseline was calculated and the changes in treated areas were compared with control areas. Immunohistochemistry was performed at Weeks 0 and 6.ResultsFour patients were included. One patient withdrew before completion. No significant effect on wound healing was seen. Immunohistochemistry analysis supported successful PTC suppression in two patients.ConclusionsOur data suggest that nonintensive topical treatment with 0.1% gentamicin ointment for 6 weeks does not improve wound healing.
Research Progress of Large Viewing‐Area 3D Holographic Near‐Eye Display
Authors: Liu Taijiang , Ning Honglong , Cao Hongkun , Luo Dongxiang , Xu Zhuohui , Luo Cheng , Su Guoping , Liu Yuxiang , Yao Rihui , Peng Junbiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the development of the information industry, the wearable three‐dimensional (3D) near‐eye display that can provide complete visual information has attracted increasing attention. Compared with other existing 3D display technologies, the holographic display is a promising true 3D display technology that can fully record and reproduce the original 3D scenes. The ability to present a continuous parallax and depth perception gives holography technology an unprecedented promise in the next‐generation 3D near‐eye display. However, currently available holographic near‐eye display systems can only provide a limited viewing area (including the field of view and eyebox), greatly restricting its practical application. Focusing on the development requirements of large viewing‐area 3D holographic near‐eye display, the reasons are introduced first why the viewing area of current holographic displays is limited and then the existing solutions from different aspects, including multiplexing‐based methods, steering viewing window methods, aperiodic wavefront modulation methods, and some emerging holographic display technologies are summarized. These various solutions are analyzed respectively, and their representative works are investigated. In addition, the different applications of holography in the near‐eye display system are also discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are compared and perspectives are given.
Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Li Qirong , Feng Qiang , Zhou Hengzong , Lin Chao , Sun Xiaoming , Ma Chaoyang , Sun Liqun , Guo Gongliang , Wang Dongxu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts global society since it is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and extracellular vesicle (EV)‐based therapies have been extensively investigated. EV delivery is involved in mediating the progression of CVDs and has great potential to be biomarker and therapeutic molecular carrier. Besides, EVs from stem cells and cardiac cells can effectively protect the heart from various pathologic conditions, and then serve as an alternative treatment for CVDs. Moreover, the research of using EVs as delivery carriers of therapeutic molecules, membrane engineering modification of EVs, or combining EVs with biomaterials further improves the application potential of EVs in clinical treatment. However, currently there are only a few articles summarizing the application of EVs in CVDs. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CVDs. It also focuses on how EVs promote the repair of myocardial injury and therapeutic methods of CVDs. In conclusion, it is of great significance to review the research on the application of EVs in the treatment of CVDs, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the role of EVs, and clarifies the prospect of EVs in the treatment of myocardial injury.
The ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging (OSIPI): Results from the OSIPI–Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced challenge
Authors: Shalom Eve S. , Kim Harrison , van der Heijden Rianne A. , Ahmed Zaki , Patel Reyna , Hormuth David A. , DiCarlo Julie C. , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Sisco Nicholas J. , Dortch Richard D. , Stokes Ashley M. , Inglese Marianna , Grech‐Sollars Matthew , Toschi Nicola , Sahoo Prativa , Singh Anup , Verma Sanjay K. , Rathore Divya K. , Kazerouni Anum S. , Partridge Savannah C. , LoCastro Eve , Paudyal Ramesh , Wolansky Ivan A. , Shukla‐Dave Amita , Schouten Pepijn , Gurney‐Champion Oliver J. , Jiřík Radovan , Macíček Ondřej , Bartoš Michal , Vitouš Jiří , Das Ayesha Bharadwaj , Kim S. Gene , Bokacheva Louisa , Mikheev Artem , Rusinek Henry , Berks Michael , Hubbard Cristinacce Penny L. , Little Ross A. , Cheung Susan , O'Connor James P. B. , Parker Geoff J. M. , Moloney Brendan , LaViolette Peter S. , Bobholz Samuel , Duenweg Savannah , Virostko John , Laue Hendrik O. , Sung Kyunghyun , Nabavizadeh Ali , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza , Hu Leland S. , Sourbron Steven , Bell Laura C. , Fathi Kazerooni Anahita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurpose has often been proposed as a quantitative imaging biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response assessment for various tumors. None of the many software tools for quantification are standardized. The ISMRM Open Science Initiative for Perfusion Imaging–Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced (OSIPI‐DCE) challenge was designed to benchmark methods to better help the efforts to standardize measurement.MethodsA framework was created to evaluate values produced by DCE‐MRI analysis pipelines to enable benchmarking. The perfusion MRI community was invited to apply their pipelines for quantification in glioblastoma from clinical and synthetic patients. Submissions were required to include the entrants' values, the applied software, and a standard operating procedure. These were evaluated using the proposed score defined with accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility components.ResultsAcross the 10 received submissions, the score ranged from 28% to 78% with a 59% median. The accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility scores ranged from 0.54 to 0.92, 0.64 to 0.86, and 0.65 to 1.00, respectively (0–1 = lowest–highest). Manual arterial input function selection markedly affected the reproducibility and showed greater variability in analysis than automated methods. Furthermore, provision of a detailed standard operating procedure was critical for higher reproducibility.ConclusionsThis study reports results from the OSIPI‐DCE challenge and highlights the high inter‐software variability within estimation, providing a framework for ongoing benchmarking against the scores presented. Through this challenge, the participating teams were ranked based on the performance of their software tools in the particular setting of this challenge. In a real‐world clinical setting, many of these tools may perform differently with different benchmarking methodology.
Safety and efficacy of plasma‐activated water on prolonged viral shedding of COVID‐19 patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guo Xiaoya , Lv Xing , Wu Yunfu , Wang Mingming , Wu Shuo , Guo Li , Wang Zifeng , Shi Zhihong , Huang Rui , Zhang Hua , Niu Xiaona , Rong Mingzhe , Song Liqiang , Liu Dingxin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractShortening the duration of the viral shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is critical to controlling viral transmission, alleviating the burden on the healthcare system, and ultimately mitigating the impact of the pandemic. This randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of gargling with plasma‐activated water (PAW) on prolonged viral shedding in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron variants. Sixty‐two subjects, aged 18–80 years and infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, were recruited at two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐designated hospitals in Shaanxi from January to March 2022. Primary outcomes included cumulative conversion rates, incidence of adverse reactions, and biosafety parameters. Results suggested that PAW gargling treatment might contribute to reducing the duration of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron variant infections and alleviating symptoms.
Helicity of a tardigrade disordered protein contributes to its protective function during desiccation
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Gollub Edith , Yu Feng , Ginell Garrett , Holehouse Alex , Sukenik Shahar , Boothby Thomas C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo survive extreme drying (anhydrobiosis), many organisms, spanning every kingdom of life, accumulate intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). For decades, the ability of anhydrobiosis‐related IDPs to form transient amphipathic helices has been suggested to be important for promoting desiccation tolerance. However, evidence empirically supporting the necessity and/or sufficiency of helicity in mediating anhydrobiosis is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the linker region of CAHS D, a desiccation‐related IDP from the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris, that contains significant helical structure, is the protective portion of this protein. Perturbing the sequence composition and grammar of the linker region of CAHS D, through the insertion of helix‐breaking prolines, modulating the identity of charged residues, or replacement of hydrophobic amino acids with serine or glycine residues results in variants with different degrees of helical structure. Importantly, correlation of protective capacity and helical content in variants generated through different helix perturbing modalities does not show as strong a trend, suggesting that while helicity is important, it is not the only property that makes a protein protective during desiccation. These results provide direct evidence for the decades‐old theory that helicity of desiccation‐related IDPs is linked to their anhydrobiotic capacity.