bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printing of titanium dioxide and polyaniline-based photocatalytic composites
Authors: Saengchai Natawan , Hemha Niwat , Nuansing Wiwat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising method for wastewater treatment, organic removal, and hydrogen gas production. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a popular photocatalyst due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet light, its electronic structure, and its optical and chemical stability. The photocatalytic capacity of TiO2 is influenced by its crystal structure (anatase, rutile, and brookite), particle size, and surface area, which can be optimized. Moreover, TiO2 can be coated onto substrates such as ceramics or polymers. This research aims to investigate the application of 3D printing techniques to fabricate composites between TiO2 and polyaniline (PANI) under controlled processing conditions. The 3D photocatalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, XAS, FTIR, and UV-VIS techniques. The results of this research could pave the way for more efficient and effective photocatalysts fabricated by 3D printing technique, with potential benefits for environmental sustainability and energy production.
Analysis of neutron monitor count rates and timing distributions from latitude surveys
Authors: Yakum P , Khamphakdee S , Nuntiyakul W , Sáiz A , Ruffolo D , Evenson P , Bangliang C , Seripienlert A , Jiang P , Chuanraksasat P , Munakata K , Madsen J , Soonthornthum B , Komonjinda S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neutron monitors continuously record the hadronic part of secondary atmospheric radiation on the ground, which originates from primary cosmic rays. In Thailand, we developed a mobile neutron monitor housed inside a standard-size shipping container named “Changvan.” It contains three neutron-sensitive proportional counters set up in the typical NM64 layout. However, the central counter doesn’t have the lead producer, leading us to refer to it as a “semi-leaded” neutron monitor. We examined cosmic ray spectral variations on two latitude surveys during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. This work examines the ratio of count rates between leaded and unleaded setups, which shows notable variation based on geomagnetic cutoff rigidity, suggesting a sensitivity to the cosmic ray spectrum. This measurement could be implemented at stationary stations. The unleaded counter, shielded by the reflector with a higher count from nearby lead, may have advantages over a bare one. Furthermore, we explore alternative techniques to identify spectral changes in Galactic cosmic rays using Changvan data. We analyze using time delay histograms to determine the leader fraction (L) of neutrons that are not preceded by another neutron from the same primary cosmic ray. We also examine other parameters, including the alpha (α) parameter and pulse rate (PR), which can be compared with count rates (CR). Our findings indicate that the ratios of L and α are not significantly affected by geomagnetic cutoff rigidity. In contrast, CR and PR exhibit significant dependency and show opposite trends.
Pulse selection algorithm for NM64 neutron detector
Authors: Kittiya A , Nuntiyakul W , Chaiwongkhot K , Sáiz A , Ruffolo D , Seripienlert A , Evenson P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We propose an algorithm to sepearate pile-up pulses in neutron detectors by utilizing a standard pulse. For this method to be effective, the data must consist mostly of isolated pulses. First, we define a reference pulse by averaging a sample of clearly isolated pulses. Then, for an arbitrary signal, we calculate a shape deviation by summing up the squared residuals between it and the reference pulse. The pulse with the greatest shape deviation is removed from the process. We then recalculate the reference pulse and repeat until the remaining pulses have shape deviation within a threshold. These remaining pulses exhibit a very good linear trend between area and height, allowing us to screen those suspected as pile-ups. A pulse much higher than the final reference pulse, despite being in the area-height-trend and having low shape deviation, is considered a pile-up of two identical pulses. The final reference pulse is fitted to a function defined by two pieces of Gaussian-multiplied polynomial, normalized, and called the standard pulse. We attempted to fit the pile-up pulse with one standard pulse to separate pile-up pulses. If the sum of squared normalized residuals is higher than some threshold, we add one more pulse, try fitting again, and repeat up to three pulses. We apply this algorithm to the pulses collected from one counter at the Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor station at the summit of Doi Inthanon Mountain, Chiang Mai, Thailand, measured by an oscilloscope. The algorithm correctly separates obvious pile-up cases, allowing to record individual pulse timing with improved accuracy. However, we found small pulses, usually belong to gamma rays, that blend with neutron pulse and pass 100 mV output filtration. After removing those under 100 mV, the pulse area distribution of the separated pile-up is consistent with that of single pulses except at very small pulse sizes.
Synchronisation of linear accelerator for fruit irradiation with FPGA-based system
Authors: Kokkrathoke S , Yachum N , Chunjarean S , Manasatitpong K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Linear accelerator (LINAC) has been broadly used in various applications in recent years. For instance, the LINAC can produce X-rays and high-energy electrons, which are utilised in radiation therapy for medical purposes and also applied to fruit steriliser for exportation. At present, the prototype of the 6 MeV LINAC for fruit irradiation by using a magnetron radio frequency (RF) source has been developed at Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The LINAC consists of several key sub-systems such as pulsed modulators both for electron gun and magnetron used to power the LINAC, magnetic guidance and beam diagnostic systems. All these have been integrated and worked in proper function to reach a proper and stable RF acceleration. Therefore, a timing system is required with well synchronisation for precise transfer of the clock and reference trigs to each sub-system. Furthermore, the low-cost in-house synchronous equipment has been built here for domestic researchers when they would like to apply this system to their work in the future; consequently, the FPGA-based system for real-time synchronisation has been created to achieve the sequences of the LINAC timing system. In this design, the Zybo Z7 development board from the Xilinx Zynq-7000 family is chosen, which integrates the programmable logic (PL) and processing system (PS) in the same chip. The experimental results are presented by the LINAC operation with synchronisation between a precise time and various delay times on both pulsed modulators, which the synchronous technique with accurate time demonstrates excellent performances leading to stable X-ray radiation for fruit irradiation with synchronous operation between the electron gun and magnetron.
Commissioning of Pixel Sensor Telescope for Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor Characterization
Authors: Kittimanapun Kritsada , Laojamnongwong Natthawut , Kaewjai Jetnipit , Kobdaj Chinorat , Poonsawat Wanchaloem 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) have been promisingly demonstrated as a core part of tracking detectors used in many experiments. In order to obtain decent particle tracks generated after high-energy particle collision, it is especially important that the detector must consist of high-performance MAPS. A pixel sensor telescope is a tool employed to investigate the properties of MAPS using high-energy particle test beams. At the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), the pixel sensor telescope assembled with five layers of 50-µm thick pixel sensors has been commissioned and tested both in the laboratory with a radioactive source and by a high-energy electron test beam produced at the SLRI Beam Test Facility. With sensor signal threshold ranging from 9.73 to 10.15 DAC and noises between 0.62 and 0.87 DAC, each plane of the pixel sensor telescope can detect particles decaying from the radioactive source. Moreover, the test beam profiles have been measured to be 4.00 - 4.56 mm and 1.15 - 2.29 mm in horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. Correlations between each plane have been observed and confirm the proper operation of the pixel sensor telescope. Consequently, the pixel sensor telescope can be used to characterize the pixel sensor prototype.
The smearing function from the functional renormalization group
Authors: Dhanawittayapol Rujikorn , Hengpunya Varagorn , Kritsarunont Karankorn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The smearing function has been proposed as a tool for writing down the one-loop correction to the Wilsonian effective action in the form of the Schwinger proper-time representation of the functional determinant. Due to the fact that the existence of the smearing function is only a postulate, it is interesting to explore if it is possible to obtain such a function from the functional renormalization group, which is a closely related formulation. In this work, we show that it is possible to obtain the smearing function from the functional renormalization group only in a special case, but not in general cases.
Relations between tree-level closed string amplitudes and mixed string amplitudes at fewer points
Authors: Yuenyong Aphiwat , Srisangyingcharoen Pongwit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We formulated the relations between closed string amplitudes and mixed string amplitudes at tree level. In this paper we focus on fewer points of external states. We factorized the closed string amplitudes by analytical continuation of complex variables. With a careful examination of branch points, the results show that closed string amplitudes can be expressed in terms of products of mixed string amplitudes and additional terms with appropriate phase factors. In terms of five-point amplitudes, we introduced a one-parameter dependent amplitude to capture the results. Finally, some physical interpretations were provided.
Energy and exergy analysis with cost-efficiency comparison of modified phase change material (PCM) integrated with solar panel thermal system
Authors: Naowapathiwech Boonchai , Ariyachansil Pitchayut , Khetubol Adis , Cho Natthawin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of integrating Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into solar panels to optimize power output and power conversion efficiency under varying temperature conditions. By applying PCMs, temperature fluctuations can be reduced, maintaining solar panels at an optimal temperature for power generation. The research employs modeling and simulation techniques, focusing on energy and exergy analysis of solar energy storage systems based on pure and modified PCMs such as Paraffin wax, Sodium acetate trihydrate, Sodium sulfate decahydrate, etc. Temperature and light intensity data are collected in the Wangchan district, Rayong province, using a light intensity sensor and a thermocouple. The study analyzes each layer of the solar panel, employing numerical methods and matrix solutions to solve the system of non-algebraic equations, yielding temperature values for each component layer. The thermodynamic properties of the modified PCMs are calculated theoretically, and their cost-efficiency is analyzed by comparing the solar panel’s increased power area density generation after applying specific PCMs to the cost of the PCM. The simulation results demonstrate that the solar panel integrated with PCM generates up to 11.1% more power than a regular solar panel, assuming negligible heat loss from the sides of the solar panel and an average temperature during the melting and solidification processes for the PCMs. Moreover, the best cost-efficiency of the modified PCM is achieved, with an increase of up to 637.7%, using a combination of paraffin wax and polyethylene glycol.
Characterization of magnetic field for loading, trapping and transferring cold atom close to the atom chip’s surface
Authors: Kaewart N , Thaicharoen N , Sompet P , Chattrapiban N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Atom chips provide flexible technologies for implementing modern concepts in quantum optics, quantum measurement, and quantum information processing. Atom chips are miniature devices that confine, control and manipulate cold atoms using electric, magnetic, and light fields. Due to the shrinkage of scale, arbitrary magnetic traps can be generated from current sources outside the chip’s vacuum compartment, in contrast to a traditional setup. This makes it easy to change trap configurations in an experiment that involves rapid prototyping of quantum states and quantum trajectory designs in free space. In this work, we show relevant parameters needed for transferring a cold atom cloud at the recoil limit from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) to an area close to the atom chip. To create a movable magnetic potential for this transfer, we used the MOT coils and an additional pair of coils in an anti-Helmholtz configuration. The properties of the movable potential were obtained by performing the Computer Simulation Tool (CST EM Studio suite®). Furthermore, an appropriate magnetic trap on a chip is developed, based on the simulation from COMSOL Multiphysics. We used a magnetic field gradient of around 20 G/cm to transport the cold atom with a distance over 20 mm with a temperature gain below 100 micro-Kelvin. The simulation results are based on an atom chip with a size of 2×2 cm2 and a copper wire thickness of 2 mm. The atom chip consists of Z, U and I-shaped wires that generate a quadrupole magnetic field. The resulting field minimum can be made at least 7 mm away from the chip surface.
The effect of under and over develop time in Josephson junction fabrication process using electron beam lithography
Authors: Aketasaeng Autpittayakul , Sangtawesin Sorawis , Kittiwatakul Salinporn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the 1960s, the physicist Brian Josephson introduced the concept of Josephson tunnel junctions, which involve the tunneling of Cooper pairs across a barrier between superconducting electrodes. The typical methods of fabricating Josephson junction such as Dolan bridge and cross-type technique require specialized equipment for angle deposition. In this work, we present Josephson junction fabrication process using electron beam lithography that eliminates the need for angle deposition. The dose test was performed to optimize the right dose and we also explored various develop time. We observed that for PMMA A9 film with thickness 1.3 μm, the electron dose 280 μC/cm2 and develop time between 1.30 – 2.00 minutes produces clear pattern with sharp features. The effect of under and over develop time is shown such that there are resist residue left on the substrate after lift-off process and the longer develop time created an undercut.
A simulation study of magnetic nanoparticle clustering in a fluid flow
Authors: Kosolpattanadurong Thitiwat , Sodsri Nopparuj , Khetubol Adis , Cho Natthawin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The assembly of magnetic nanoparticles has been promisingly used in biomedical applications. Several computational studies have addressed the study of cluster formation in the colloidal regime. However, these studies did not mention the formation of clusters in nonequilibrium conditions, such as fluid flow. To fill this gap, we develop computational models of magnetohydrodynamic systems to study their behavior within a flow in terms of cluster shape formation. All simulations were performed by Verlet integration through LAMMPS, a molecular dynamics framework. Through simulations, we discover that the fluid flow promotes formation of non-linear clusters, and linear clusters tend to orient toward the direction of the flow. These phenomena are investigated by using the equilibrium of magnetic torque and fluid torque. The analysis shows that the formation of non-linear clusters are mainly assisted by a bias-orientation of the unstable linear clusters, while the bias-orientation is originated from the torque cancellation in the direction of the flow.
Radiation shielding and CuCr1Zr/Pb/PE and Fe/Pb/PE beam dump design for 220-MeV electron linear accelerator
Authors: Aim-O Pawitra , Manasatitpong Keerati , Jummunt Siriwan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper addresses the radiation issues, in particular the photon and neutron shielding, associated with the radiation shielding room and beam dump design for the 220-MeV electron linear accelerator. The energy deposition of a 220 MeV electron dump was investigated to determine the radius and length of the core of the dump with different materials. The angle of the primary shield relative to the beam direction was studied to design the perpendicular and lateral shield wall for the linear accelerator shielding room. In addition, the labyrinth design had been considered in this case. FLUKA Monte Carlo code has been computed to perform attenuation studies of photon and neutron radiation which were produced by the electromagnetic shower and photon interactions of materials. The prompt radiation fields which are photons and neutrons distributions in this design were observed. Two types of beam dump have been investigated. The first one is composed of CuCr1Zr, lead, and polyethylene. Another one is similar, but the first layer material was changed from CuCr1Zr to iron. The simulation results revealed that the beam dump and radiation shielding wall exhibit excellent performance in attenuating both photon and neutron radiation. The capability of beam dumps to absorb electron energy is well-designed. The dose distributions around the shielding room are below the design criteria, which can be applied to use for the 220-MeV electron linear accelerator.
Study of topological and physical properties of Schwarzschild and Kerr space-time equipped with Zeeman topology
Authors: Ubonsri Peem , Chattrapiban Narupon , Watcharangkool Apimook 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Zeeman topology, first proposed by E. C. Zeeman in 1967, is a topology for Minkowski space that is physically well-motivated, but more intricate than the standard Euclidean topology. Later, it was extended to general relativity in 1976 by R. Göbel. Despite its compatibility with pseudo-Riemannian geometry, the Zeeman topology is rarely used in the literature due to its lack of second-countability. This work aims to explore the implications of the Zeeman topology for Schwarzschild and Kerr space-time. Specifically, we investigate the compactness of trapped surfaces and the validity of the singularity theorem. Our findings suggest that the Zeeman topology may offer alternative views to certain physical phenomena in general relativity.
Investigation of structural, optical, and electrical properties of PEDOT:PSS/Au/PEDOT:PSS multilayer films
Authors: Sujinnapram Supphadate , Wongrerkdee Sawitree , Lohawet Khathawut , Krobthong Sucheewan , Moungsrijun Sasimonton , Kaewprajak Anusit , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Wongrerkdee Sutthipoj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
PEDOT:PSS/Au/PEDOT:PSS multilayer films were successfully prepared and investigated. The PEDOT:PSS and Au layers were prepared using spin coating and DC sputtering, respectively. The thickness of the Au layer was varied within the range of 2–10 nm to investigate its impact on the resulting multilayer films. The amorphous nature of the multilayer films was interpreted from X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified that the multilayer films were the major surface chemical structure of PEDOT:PSS. The optical transmittance and sheet resistance characteristics of the multilayer films exhibited a significant reduction owing to the presence of the Au interlayer. In order to evaluate the optical-electrical properties of the multilayer films, a figure of merit (FOM) was calculated. Remarkably, the multilayer films featuring a thin Au layer of 2 nm yielded the highest FOM value. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that multilayer films of PEDOT:PSS/Au/PEDOT:PSS fabricated with a thin Au layer can be applicable for utilization in optoelectronic devices.
Irradiated animal bedding material derived from cattail leaves and rice straw with orthophosphoric acid activation for amplified ammonia absorption
Authors: Sawangsin Yanisa , Boonsakdee Siratcha , Yoshimoto Ai , Pimpromma Rinyarat , Mueanngern Yutichai , Suntiworapong Siriporn , Anantachaisilp Suranan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This scientific study investigates the suitability of cattail leaves and rice straw as biomass materials for animal bedding. Cattail, an invasive plant species known for its ability to thrive in nutrient-rich environments, offers high cellulose content for absorption. In combination with rice straw, which is readily available and cost-effective, the aim is to achieve optimal carbon-to-nitrogen ratios that suppress the growth of microorganisms. To resist bacterial growth, the mixed cattail leaves and rice straw samples undergo treatment with orthophosphoric acid at concentration of 25%, 30%, and 35% v/v, followed by gamma irradiation at 25 kGy. A comprehensive evaluation of the materials, focusing on surface morphology, water absorption, ammonia absorption, and bacterial resistance was conducted. SEM images provide evidence of dramatic surface restructuring. Samples treated with 30% v/v orthophosphoric acid exhibit enhanced water absorption capacities, and can absorb water equivalent to 2.2 times their own weight. Also, samples containing a 1:1 ratio of cattail leaves and rice straw demonstrate superior ammonia absorptions as evidenced by gas chromatography (GC) measurements compared to other samples. After sample irradiation, less bacterial growth was observed by optical density measurements. These findings support the potential utilization of a 1:1 ratio of cattail leaves and rice straw, treated with orthophosphoric acid of 30% v/v and irradiated with gamma radiation, as an effective animal bedding material. This combination offers advantages in terms of waste absorption and microbial control, making it a promising option for use in animal husbandry and laboratory settings.
Simplified models for electron-phonon interactions in materials: insights from theory and experimental data
Authors: Na Ranong N , Natkunlaphat N , Pinsook U 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding electron-phonon interactions is crucial for optimizing materials. This study investigates electron-phonon interactions in a specific material using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) and focuses on the self-energy analysis. The self-energy quantifies the interaction between electrons and phonons, influencing the material’s electronic properties. Comparing the results obtained from the Debye and constant models, the constant model demonstrates superior performance, highlighting the significance of optical modes in determining the self-energy. When the material exhibits multiple peaks in its Eliashberg spectral function, we observe a strong correlation between peak positions in the Eliashberg spectral function and the real part of the self-energy. These findings provide valuable insights for designing materials with tailored electronic properties, particularly in superconducting applications. Such advancements have significant implications for various fields, including electronics, energy storage, and renewable energy.