bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro anti‐Helicobacter pylori potential of methanol extract of Allium ascalonicum Linn. (Liliaceae) leaf: susceptibility and effect on urease activity
Authors: Adeniyi Bolanle A. , Anyiam Festus M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe crude methanol extract of the leaf of Allium ascalonicum was screened in vitro against ﬁve strains of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) (ATCC 24376, UCH 97001, UCH 97009, UCH 98026 and UCH 99039) for antibacterial activity by the agar diffusion method in Mueller‐Hinton agar supplemented with deﬁbrinated horse blood. All the strains were inhibited by the extract to varying degrees. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract against all the tested strains ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. The effects of increasing concentrations of the extract on the urease activity of three of the Helicobacter pylori strains were investigated further. The results showed that increasing the concentration of the extract decreased the urease activity of all the strains tested. Phytochemical screening of the plant showed that it contains alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and saponins. The anti‐Hp activity observed is discussed in relation to the chemical constituents reportedly isolated from these plants and their traditional uses. The result of this work suggests that Allium ascalonicum has some therapeutic potential against Helicobacter pylori infection, which could be explored for patients with gastroduodenal disorders. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidative effects of 7‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐cadalene extracted from Zelkova serrata on 4‐(methylinitros amino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone‐induced oxidative stress in A/J mice
Authors: Kim J. H. , Lee H. J. , Yeon S. C. , Choi D. H. , Lee S. S. , Kang J. K. , Chae C. H. , Paik N. W. , Lee K. H. , Cho M. H. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractEffects of 7‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐cadalene (cadalene) extracted from Zelkova serrata on 4‐(methylinitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK)‐induced oxidative stress were examined using A/J mice. NNK (65 µg/ml water) was orally administered to 20 mice for 7 weeks, followed by free feeding of a commercial diet, not containing cadalene, for 2 weeks. The control group was maintained without NNK and cadalene administration, and treatment groups with NNK and cadalene (6.25, 25, 100 mg/kg feed) feeding for 25 weeks. The glutathione concentration of cadalene‐treated (65 µg/ml water) group was signiﬁcantly higher than that of the group treated only with NNK (p < 0.05). The results of our study strongly indicate that cadalene exerts antioxidative effect on NNK‐induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic properties of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Nguelefack T. B. , Fotio A. L. , Watcho P. , Wansi S. L. , Dimo T. , Kamanyi A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe aqueous and ethanol extracts of the dry leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (300 and 600 mg/kg) were evaluated for their analgesic properties on the pain induced by acetic acid, formalin and heat in mice and by pressure on rats. The ethanol extract of K. crenata at a dose of 600 mg/kg produced an inhibition of 61.13% on pain induced by acetic acid and 50.13% for that induced by formalin. An inhibition of 67.18% was observed on pain induced by heat 45 min after the administration of the extract. The aqueous extract administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg produced a maximum effect of 25% on pain induced by pressure. These activities were similar to those produced by a paracetamol–codeine association, while indomethacin exhibited a protective effect only against the writhing test. Our results suggest that the leaves of K. crenata could be a source of analgesic compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoprotective effect of plant phenolics against anthracycline‐induced toxicity on rat cardiomyocytes Part II. caffeic, chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids
Authors: Chlopčíková Šárka , Psotová Jitka , Miketová Petra , Soušek Jaromír , Lichnovský Václav , Šimánek Vilím 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe chemoprotective effects of caffeic (CA), chlorogenic (CHA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids were tested against the toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and the iron‐dependent DOX induced lipid peroxidation of heart membranes, mitochondria and microsomes. The protectivity of these acids was compared with dexrazoxan, used as an adjuvant during DOX chemotherapy. The cytoprotective effects were assessed by enzyme (LDH and ASAT) and troponin I leakage, secondly by intracellular ATP content. All hydroxycinnamic acids proved non‐cytotoxic, and they stabilized both membranes and the energetic status of cardiomyocytes. After preincubation of cardiomyocytes with the test compounds (100, 200 µm; 1 h) the cardiomyocytes were treated with the toxic agent, DOX (100 µm; 8 h). The test compounds protected cardiomyocytes against DOX induced oxidative stress (RA > CHA ≥ CA) on all monitored parameters. Substantial preservation of monolayer integrity of the cardiomyocytes by test compounds was also found microscopically. All the acids were more effective in the assays used than dexrazoxan. RA showed the most effective cytoprotectivity. All the acids signiﬁcantly reduced the iron‐dependent DOX induced lipid peroxidation of heart membranes, although of the test compounds, CHA was found to be the most effective (IC50 = 8.04 ± 0.74/6.87 ± 0.52 µm for microsomes/mitochondria). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pentazol‐Derivate und daraus entstehende Azide: [O3S—p‐C6H4—N5]— und [O3S—p‐C6H4—N3]— als Kalium‐Kronenether‐Salze
Authors: Biesemeier Frank , Harms Klaus , Müller Ulrich 
Published: May 2004

Abstract—O3S—p‐C6H4—N2+ wurde bei —50 °C mit Natriumazid in Methanol umgesetzt. Dabei entstand das 4‐Pentazolylbenzolsulfonat [O3S—C6H4—N5]— neben 4‐Azidobenzolsulfonat (Stoffmengenverhältnis in der Lösung 27:73 nach NMR). Nach Zusatz von KOH in Methanol fiel bei —50 °C das Gemisch der Kaliumsalze K[O3S—p‐C6H4—N5] + K[O3S—p‐C6H4—N3] im Verhältnis 60:40 aus. Aus einer Lösung dieses Gemisches und 18‐Krone‐6 in Tetrahydrofuran wurde nach Zusatz von Petrolether bei —70 °C das kristalline Pentazol‐Derivat [THF‐K‐18‐Krone‐6] [O3S—p‐C6H4—N5]·THF erhalten. Aus derselben Lösung wurde nach Eindampfen und Wiederauflösen in THF/Petrolether bei —30 °C das kristalline Azid [THF‐K‐18‐Krone‐6][O3S—p‐C6H4—N3]·THF erhalten. Aus einer Lösung von letzterem in Chloroform/Toluol entstand an Luft [K‐18‐Krone‐6][O3S—p‐C6H4—N3]·1/3H2O. Nach den Röntgenstrukturanalysen haben [THF‐K‐18‐Krone‐6][O3S—p‐C6H4—N5]·THF und [THF‐K‐18‐Krone‐6][O3S—p‐C6H4—N3]·THF die gleiche Kristallpackung. Nennenswerte Unterschiede gibt es nur bei den Atomlagen des Pentazolrings im Vergleich zur Azidogruppe und bei einem THF‐Molekül, das an das Kaliumion koordiniert ist; mit den verschiedenen Orientierungen des THF‐Moleküls wird der verschiedene Platzbedarf von N5 bzw. N3 ausgeglichen. In [K‐18‐Krone‐6][O3S—p‐C6H4—N3]·1/3H2O ist neben einer Baugruppe aus einem [K‐18‐Krone‐6]+‐Ion mit einem [O3S‐C6H4—N3]—‐Ion eine Baugruppe vorhanden, in der zwei [O3S‐C6H4—N3]—‐Ionen über zwei [K‐18‐Krone‐6]+‐Ionen und ein Wassermolekül zusammengehalten werden. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für den Zerfall [O3S‐C6H4—N5]— → [O3S‐C6H4—N3]— + N2 in Methanol wurden bei 0 °C und —20 °C bestimmt.
Crystal Structure of a Cadmium Iodate Monohydrate: Cd(IO3)2·H2O
Authors: Bentria Bachir , Benbertal Djamal , Bagieu‐Beucher Muriel , Mosset Alain 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSingle crystals of Cd(IO3)2·H2O are obtained by slow evaporation of aqueous solutions of CdCl2 and KIO3. This compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯ [a = 7.119(2), b = 7.952(2), c = 6.646(2)Å, α = 102.17(2)°, β = 114.13(2)°, γ = 66.78(4)°]. The structure consists in Cd — (μ2‐O)2 — Cd dimers with a metal — metal distance of 3.74Å. These dimers are connected through two iodate bridges resulting in layers parallel to the (010) plane. The 3D linkage is ensured by I1 — O1 long bonds (2.775Å).
Crystal Structures and Raman Spectra of cis‐[SnCl4(H2O)2]·2H2O, cis‐[SnCl4(H2O)2]·3H2O, [Sn2Cl6(OH)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, and [HL][SnCl5(H2O)]·2.5H2O (L=3‐acetyl‐5‐benzyl‐1‐phenyl‐4, 5‐dihydro‐1, 2, 4‐triazine‐6‐one oxime, C18H18N4O2)
Authors: Shihada Abdel‐Fattah , Abushamleh Ahmad S. , Weller Frank 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe complexes cis‐[SnCl4(H2O)2]·2H2O (1), [Sn2Cl6(OH)2(H2O)2]·4H2O (3), and [HL][SnCl5(H2O)]·2.5H2O (4) were isolated from a CH2Cl2 solution of equimolar amounts of SnCl4 and the ligand L (L=3‐acetyl‐5‐benzyl‐1‐phenyl‐4, 5‐dihydro‐1, 2, 4‐triazine‐6‐one oxime, C18H18N4O2) in the presence of moisture. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc with a = 2402.5(1) pm, b = 672.80(4) pm, c = 1162.93(6) pm, β = 93.787(6)° and Z = 8. 4 was found to crystallize monoclinic in the space group P21, with lattice parameters a = 967.38(5) pm, b = 1101.03(6) pm, c = 1258.11(6) pm, β = 98.826(6)° and Z = 2. The cell data for the reinvestigated structures are: [SnCl4(H2O)2]·3H2O (2): a = 1227.0(2) pm, b = 994.8(1) pm, c = 864.0(1) pm, β = 103.86(1)°, with space group C2/c and Z = 4; 3: a = 961.54(16) pm, b = 646.29(7) pm, c = 1248.25(20) pm, β = 92.75(1)°, space group P21/c and Z = 4.
Ga2Br2R2 und Ga3I2R3 [R = C(SiMe3)3] — zwei neue elementorganische Galliumsubhalogenide mit einer bzw. zwei Ga‐Ga‐Bindungen
Authors: Uhl Werner , El‐Hamdan Abdelhakim , Geiseler Gertraud , Harms Klaus 
Published: May 2004

AbstractDie vorsichtige Oxidation des tetraedrischen Tetragalliumclusters Ga4[C(SiMe3)3]4 (1) mit elementarem Brom in Gegenwart von AlBr3 führt zur Bildung des entsprechenden Subhalogenids Ga2Br2R2 [4, R = C(SiMe3)3], das überraschenderweise selbst im Festkörper monomer vorliegt und in dem die zweiwertigen Galliumatome über eine kurze Ga‐Ga‐Einfachbindung [243, 2(2) pm] miteinander verbunden sind. Die analoge Digalliumdiiod‐Verbindung Ga2I2R2 (3), die bereits früher in unserer Arbeitsgruppe auf ähnlichem Weg erhalten wurde, reagiert mit Lithium‐tert‐butanolat nicht unter Substitution, sondern unter teilweiser Disproportionierung zu dem Trigalliumdiiodid Ga3I2R3 (6), in dem drei Galliumatomen über zwei Ga‐Ga‐Einfachbindungen (255, 1 pm im Mittel) miteinander verbunden sind. Die beiden terminalen Galliumatome erreichen durch die Ausbildung zweier Iodobrücken die Koordinationszahl vier, während das innere, einwertige Galliumatom koordinativ ungesättigt bleibt. Die mittlere Oxidationsstufe der Zentralatome in der Kette beträgt +1, 66. Als zweites Produkt der Disproportionierung wurde die Gallium(III)‐Verbindung {[GaI(R)(OCMe3)(OH)]Li}2 (7) isoliert, die über Li‐O‐Brücken dimer vorliegt und eine gehinderte Rotation der tert‐Butylgruppe aufweist.
Metalated Container Molecules
Authors: Kersting Berthold 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe coordination chemistry of metalated container molecules is currently attracting much interest, because the properties of such compounds are often different from those of their constituent components. By adjusting the size and form of the binding cavity it is often possible to coordinate coligands in unusual coordination modes, to activate and transform small molecules, or to stabilize reactive intermediates. Such compounds also allow for an interplay of molecular recognition and transition‐metal catalysis, and for the construction of more effective enzyme mimics. Consequently, a number of research groups are involved in the development of new supporting ligands that create confined environments about active metal coordination sites. This research report briefly reviews recent progress in this field including the results of my own group. It is shown that N‐functionalized derivatives of Robson‐type macrocyclic hexaaza‐dithiophenolate ligands form bioctahedral transition metal complexes of the type [(LR)M2(μ‐L′)]+ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) with an overall calixarene‐like structure. These complexes are amongst the first prototypes for polynuclear complexes with well defined binding cavities. Since the active coordination site L′ is accessible for a wide range of exogenous coligands, the [(LR)M2(μ‐L′)] complexes exhibit a rich coordination chemistry. It is demonstrated that the presence of the binding cavity influences many properties of the binuclear [(LR)MII2]2+ complex fragments, including color, molecular and electronic structure, hydrogen bonding interactions, redox potential, complex stability, and reactivity. The unusual properties of the complexes can be traced back to complementary host‐guest interactions and the distinct size and form of the binding pocket of the [(LMe)M2]2+ fragments.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Dinuclear Calcium Complexes with Oxa‐Aza Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Lodeiro Carlos , Bértolo Emilia , Capelo José Luis , Bastida Rufina 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe syntheses of dinuclear calcium perchlorate and/or nitrate complexes by template and direct methods, employing macrocyclic ligands with 18, 20, 22, and 26 membered rings are reported. The presence of pendant arms provide with coordinative NxOy donor atoms in the smaller macrocycles, the high number of donor atoms between 7 and 10, and the dinuclear composition obtained in all the systems examined, point out that in the formed solid complexes both Ca2+ ions could be located inside of the macrocycle cavities. Transmetallation reaction of a lanthanide(III) complex, [L5Sm](ClO4)3·9H2O, with Ca(ClO4)2·xH2O leads the formation of the new dinuclear orange [L5Ca2](ClO4)4·3H2O complex, manifesting the versatility of this macrocyclic cavity.All complexes have been characterized by microanalysis, IR, UV‐vis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, FAB mass spectrometry, FAAS spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements.
Liberty, utility, and justice: an ethical approach to unwanted pregnancy
Authors: Macklin Ruth 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThree moral principles provide an ethical basis for the management of unwanted pregnancy. The principle of liberty guarantees a right to freedom of action; the utilitarian principle defines moral rightness by the greatest good for the greatest number; and justice requires that everyone have equitable access to necessary goods and services. Applied to unwanted pregnancy, these principles yield the conclusion that women have a natural right to reproductive freedom, and a social right to family planning and abortion services.
The need for a reproductive health approach
Authors: Sai Fred T. , Nassim Janet 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA reproductive health approach recognizes that the foundations of women's health are laid in childhood and adolescence, and are influenced by factors such as nutrition, education, sexual roles and social status, cultural practices, and the socioeconomic environment. Reproductive health care strategies to meet women's multiple needs include education for responsible and healthy sexuality, safe and appropriate contraception, and services for sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, delivery, and abortion.
Abortion counseling: attention to the whole woman
Authors: Londoño E María Ladi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWomen's experience of pregnancy and abortion are examined and redefined. Abortion may be undertaken for a variety of reasons, and involves not only physical and emotional health, but also a woman's basic identity. Under restrictive norm; and laws set by men, women's decision to abort is a subversive act. Recommendations are made for comprehensive services, including psychosocial counseling to help women cope with social pressures and experience ebortion as an act of self‐affirmation.
Estrogens and the hair follicle
Authors: Conrad Franziska , Paus Ralf 
Published: May 2004

SummaryWhile it is undisputed that estrogens (17β‐estradiol, E2) are mainly involved in skin physiology and operate as potent hair growth modulators, our knowledge about the estrogen target cells in skin and exact signaling pathways is still very limited. The current review provides an overview of estrogen effects on hair follicle cycling, cutaneous expression of estrogen receptors, and potential functions of estrogens in hair biology. We discuss potential target genes of estrogen receptor‐mediated signaling in the skin, explore the interplay of estrogens with other hormones, growth factors and enzymes, and define major open questions in this intriguing and far too long neglected area of hair research.
Differential diagnosis of hair loss in children
Authors: Mandt Nathalie , Vogt Annika , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: May 2004

SummaryHair loss in childhood covers a broad differential diagnosis and often presents the involved dermatologist and pediatrician with a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Correct classification of the hair disease, especially in the case of underlying genetic syndromes, metabolic defects or endocrine disorders, is often an important prerequisite for continued normal physical and mental development of the young patients. Dealing with hair loss in childhood, one should differentiate between congenital and acquired diseases. The clinical manifestation profile, the age of the patient when the initial manifestation occurred, and the presence of associated symptoms are important for the classification of the hair disease. In the present paper, a classification of hair loss in childhood based on clinical appearance, age of onset and associated symptoms is proposed as a guide for the evaluation of hair loss and alopecia in childhood.
Repetition effect in visual recognition of letters1
Authors: KUWANA TOSHINORI 
Published: May 2004

Abstract:  This study examined the influence of the repetitive presentation of a letter on the recognition of two letters. In two experiments4, two letters, which were either identical or not, were presented successively for a short duration at different spatial locations, and the subjects were required to identify them. In Experiment 1, the presentation time of the first letter was varied, whereas that of the second letter was constant. The results revealed that a reduced performance in identifying a second letter was observed in the case that the first letter, which was identical to the second letter, could be identified correctly. Experiment 2 examined whether or not this reduction was due to the identity of the visual shape of two letters. The first letter was presented either in the usual vertical orientation or rotated orientation by 180 degrees and the second letter was constantly presented in the usual orientation. The results revealed that a reduced performance in identifying a repeated letter was observed, regardless of the orientation of the first letter. The findings from the two experiments suggested that the identity of the information in memory was a main cause of the interference effect by repetition.
Environmental benefit of different crayfish management strategies in Finland
Authors: Kirjavainen J. , Sipponen M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn Finland, the nationwide strategy for crayfish management in inland waters was renewed in 2000. The main objective was to maintain and increase the stocks of indigenous noble crayfish, Astacus astacus L. In southern Finland many water courses are being chronically infected by crayfish plague. Consequently, the strategy attempts to restore the productivity of crayfish stocks by introducing plague‐resistant signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana. Crayfish is the largest mobile macroinvertebrate in Finnish freshwater ecosystems and it plays an important role in the food web. It has also an economic value for recreational and commercial fishing. So far no physical impact of introducing signal crayfish or restocking noble crayfish to ecosystems has been observed. However, in the long term, signal crayfish is likely to eradicate native noble crayfish in waters where these species co‐exist.Häme and Central Finland are two neighbouring provinces adhering to different crayfish management strategies. In Häme the results of noble crayfish stockings have been poor compared with the introduction of signal crayfish. Its recreational catch has increased rapidly, resulting in new employment opportunity. In Central Finland introduction of signal crayfish is forbidden and stocking of noble crayfish has been intensive. One goal is to maintain a gene pool resource of this species.
Survival of stocked Atlantic salmon and coarse fish and an evaluation of costs
Authors: Aprahamian M. W. , Barnard S. , Farooqi M. A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe stocking of fish represents a major activity in current fisheries management practice. To maximise benefit to the environment in general and to fisheries in particular, optimal stocking strategies need to be developed. Examples from two studies, one involving Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and the other involving three coarse fish species, are used to illustrate how such strategies might be developed. Atlantic salmon fed fry (age 0+) were stocked into eight streams in the North West of England at densities ranging from 1 to 4 m−2 over a period of up to 3 years to evaluate survival to the end of the first and second growing periods. Survival to the end of the first growing period (mean duration 108 days) varied between 1.2 and 41.3% with a mean of 20.45% and CV of 0.53. Survival from the end of the first growing period to the end of the second growing period (mean duration 384 days) ranged from 19.9 to 34.1% with a mean of 26.3% and a CV of 0.21. Hatchery‐reared roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), chub, Leuciscus cephalus (L.) and dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), were stocked into four rivers to determine the optimal age and season which would maximise survival over a 6‐month post‐stocking period. Post‐stocking persistence within the stocked reaches was generally low; the highest level of persistence was estimated at only 33.8%. However, most of the estimates of persistence were considerably lower and (in practical terms) approached zero in several instances. The analysis indicated that river‐specific factors are important in determining the success of stocking exercises. The survival estimates derived from these two studies were compared with other published estimates.
Management of lake fish populations and lake fisheries in Denmark: history and current status
Authors: Jacobsen L. , Berg S. , Skov C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe development of lake fisheries in Denmark is described and the various management measures applied to lake fish populations reviewed. Over the last 100 years catch records revealed a peak in annual yield in the 1950s and 1960s, with a subsequent decrease in catches thereafter coinciding with increasing eutrophication of Danish lakes. In particular, catches of the most valuable fish, the eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), have diminished. Lake fisheries are regulated by legislation to protect populations of lake fish of commercial and recreational interest and prevent overfishing. Management of lake fisheries includes stocking of, for example eel, trout, Salmo trutta L., and pike, Esox lucius L., and, previously, introduction of new species. Lately, management of the aquatic environment has favoured the desirable fish species, which are hampered in eutrophic lakes, with the exception of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), introduced in a number of Danish lakes. Biomanipulation has been carried out during the last decade to help rehabilitate lakes by either stocking of piscivorous fish or removing planktivorous fish.