bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic evaluation of cats with seizure disorders: 30 cases (1991-1993)
Authors: Quesnel Andr e D. , Parent Joane M. , McDonell Wayne , Percy Dean , Lumsden John H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To investigate causes of seizure disorders in cats.

Design
Case series.

Animals
30 cats referred to the Ontario Veterinary College for recurrent seizures.

Procedures
Signalment and seizure pattern were evaluated. Diagnostic procedures included physical, neurologic, and fundic examinations; CBC; serum biochemical analyses, including determination of pre- and postprandial bile acid concentrations; urinalysis; serologic assays for FeL V and feline immunodeficiency virus, feline infectious peritonitis, and Toxoplasma gondii; magnetic resonance imaging of the brain; CSF analysis; and neuropathologic examination of euthanatlzed cats and of surgical biopsy specimens.

Results
All cats were found to have structural brain diseases; nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown cause was found in 14 cats, feline ischemic encephalopathy in 6, meningioma in 2, polycythemia vera with secondary brain lesions in 2, posttraumatic epilepsy in 1, and cerebral abscess in 1. A definitive diagnosis could not be reached in 4 cats.

Clinical Implications
The most common cause of seizures in cats is structural brain disease. Structural brain lesions often can be detected on the basis of seizure pattern and results of neurologic examination. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain imaging are essential to determine the cause of these lesions. Causes of seizures found in the cats of this study differ from those reported to be the most common. Nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown origin appears to be a frequent cause of neurologic disorders in cats, including seizure disorders. Feline ischemic encephalopathy appears to exist in a milder form than the classic disease and may be a common cause of seizures in cats. (J Am Vel Med Assoc 1997;210:65–71)
Comparison of racing performance before and after treatment of incomplete, midsagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in Standardbreds: 49 cases (1986-1992)
Authors: Tetens Joanne , Ross Michael W. , Lloyd James W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the effect of incomplete, midsagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx (P1) on racing performance in Standardbreds.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Animals
49 Standardbred horses admitted to the George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals between July 1986 and December 1992 with a definitive radiographic diagnosis of an incomplete, midsagittal fracture of P1 and a known method of treatment.

Procedure
Performance index and racing time were compared before and after diagnosis and treatment of fracture, using ANOVA that controlled for the effects of horse, gender, age, track length, and track condition.

Results
Expected racing time increased by 0.7 seconds and performance index decreased by 0.7 points, although controlling for factors known to affect racing performance had a substantial impact on these results.

Clinical Implications
Standardbreds with incomplete, midsagittal fractures of P1 have a favorable prognosis for return to racing; recovered horses will likely have slower racing times and decreased performance indices. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:82–86)
Five-year longitudinal study on limited food consumption and development of osteoarthritis in coxofemoral joints of dogs
Authors: Kealy Richard Dean , Lawler Dennis Frank , Ballam Joan Marion , Lust George , Smith Gail Keen , Biery Daryl Norman , Olsson Sten Eric 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To examine the effects of limited food intake on frequency and severity of osteoarthritis in coxofemoral joints of Labrador Retrievers.

Design
Dogs were paired according to gender and body weight, within each litter, at 8 weeks of age. One dog of each pair was fed ad libitum. The limit-fed pairmate was fed 75% of the amount eaten the previous day by the ad libitum-fed counterpart.

Animals
48 Labrador Retrievers.

Procedure
All dogs received the same diet. Radiographic evaluation of coxofemoral joints for frequency and severity of osteoarthritis were made when dogs were 4 and 6 months and 1, 2, 3, and 5 years old.

Results
Radiographic evaluation for osteoarthritis indicated greater frequency and more severity of osteoarthritis in the ad libitum-fed group of dogs.

Clinical Implications
Analysis of data suggested that limit feeding of dogs over a 5-year period minimizes development of osteoarthritis in the coxofemoral joints.
Estimated prevalence of injection-site sarcomas in cats during 1992
Authors: Coyne Michael J. , Reeves Nancy C. Postorino , Rosen David K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To obtain an estimate of the yearly prevalence of injection-site sarcomas in cats.

Design
Mail survey of members of the American Association of Feline Practitioners.

Procedure
A questionnaire was sent to 1,112 veterinarians.

Results
235 responses were sufficiently complete for inclusion in the study. Overall, responding veterinarians reported 744,993 cat visits in 1992, representing 434,638 individual cats (1.7 visits/cat). The estimated overall prevalence of injection-site sarcomas during 1992 was 0.00021 cases/cat visit (2.1 cases/10,000 cat visits) or 0.00036 cases/cat (3.6 cases/10,000 cats).

Clinical Implications
Results suggest that injection-site sarcomas were rare during 1992.
Perceptions of veterinary clinics and pest control companies regarding tick-related problems in dogs residing in Texas cities
Authors: Dykstra Elizabeth A. , Slater Margaret R. , Teel Pete D. , Russell Leon H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine the extent and source of tick-related problems encountered by veterinary clinics and pest control company (PCC) clientele experiencing residential tick infestations in urban/suburban environments and to determine which tick-related diseases in dogs were diagnosed and treated at veterinary clinics.

Design
Cross-sectional survey.

Sample Population
Veterinary clinics and PCC in Dallas/Fort Worth and Austin/San Antonio, Tex.

Procedure
Surveys were made into professionally printed booklets and mailed to participants.

Results
Dallas/Fort Worth and Austin/San Antonio clinics indicated that tick-related problems comprised 21 and 15%, respectively, of their canine-based business. The most frequently observed species was the brown dog tick. Tick infestations were most common during May through August. Immature tick populations were seen by the greatest number of clinics in May and June, and engorged female ticks were encountered most often in June and July. Ticks were most commonly found around homes and adjacent yards or lots, Greenbelts were perceived by al1 4 study groups to be the principal place in the community where ticks were acquired by clients’ dogs, Canine ehrlichiosis was the most common tick-related disease diagnosed and treated at clinics, followed by anemia caused by tick infestation.

Clinical Implications
Identification of ticks is important, because different tick species transmit different disease agents and different ecologic factors may be associated with exposure and subsequent treatment. Knowledge of temporal activity patterns of ticks, where they are acquired and where populations become established, combined with improved cooperative efforts between veterinary clinics and PCC, would aid in more effective control and management of ticks, (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:360–365
Risk of shedding Salmonella organisms by market-age hogs in a barn with open-flush gutters
Authors: Davies Peter R. , Morgan Morrow W E. , Jones Frank T. , Deen John , Fedorka-Cray Paula J. , Gray Jeffrey T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms and serum antibodies to Salmonella sp in market-age pigs housed in barns with partially slotted floors or solid floors with openflush gutters.

Design
Cross-sectional study of prevalence.

Sample Population
Finishing-age pigs deemed by the producer to be within 1 month of slaughter.

Procedure
Fecal and serum samples were obtained from a group of 121 pigs housed in a barn with solid floors (31 fecal samples, 30 serum samples) and from a group of about 400 pigs housed on partially slotted floors (57 fecal samples, 64 serum samples). Fecal samples were submitted for bacteriologic culture to detect Salmonella organisms, and serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of ELISA.

Results
Salmonella agona was isolated from 26 of 31 (84%) fecal samples obtained from pigs housed in the open-flush gutter barn, compared with 5 of 57 (9%) fecal samples from pigs in the barn with slotted floors. Median value for optical density was higher for serum samples from pigs housed in the openflush gutter barn.

Clinical Implications
Housing of finishing-age swine in barns with open-flush gutters may contribute to increased shedding of Salmonella sp. Analysis of our observations indicated that repeated exposure to infected feces is important in prolonging fecal shedding by swine. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:386–389
Medical diagnosis, diagnostic spaces, and fuzzy systems
Authors: Bellamy James E. C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The complexity and uncertainty of diagnostic information makes the diagnostic process difficult to learn, teach, and practice. Fuzzy logic methods, used successfully with complex industrial control problems, may be appropriate to model the range of uncertainties found in medical diagnostic information. A fuzzy systems model for use with diagnostic and other medical decisions is described. Combining a state space view of an animal in which each dimension of the space represents a variable of the animal with a fuzzy sets representation of the variables and states of the animal leads to a fuzzy systems model, which can be used to successfully diagnose disease. Partitioning the multidimensional state space of the animal into healthy and specific disease regions provides a diagnostic space for evaluating the health of the animal. When an input vector representing the variables of a sick animal is entered into the system, the model can provide a diagnosis and, potentially, a prognosis for that animal. The model can be implemented on a desktop computer for convenient use, and it provides a helpful geometric interpretation of the concepts of "diagnosis" and "prognosis" for teaching diagnostic reasoning. The fuzzy systems approach has advantages that are unavailable in other methods. The capability of fuzzy systems to act as universal approximators allows them to accomodate complex, nonlinear, imprecise, and even conflicting relationships to provide accurate knowledge representation. With these advantages over standard rule-based methods of modeling the medical diagnostic process, fuzzy expert systems have broad potential for use in medicine and warrant further study to determine their application and possible limitations. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:390-396)
Dynamics of dog and cat populations in a community
Authors: Patronek Gary J. , Beck Alan M. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To describe dynamics of the pet dog and cat populations in a single community in terms of reproductive patterns and turnover.

Design—
Cross-sectional, random-digit dial telephone survey.

Sample Population—
Information gathered from 1,272 households in St Joseph County, Ind that owned a dog or cat between Dec 1, 1993 and Nov 30, 1994 was compared with data on 9,571 dogs and cats received by the Humane Society of St Joseph County during the same period.

Results—
Prevalence of pet ownership was lower than expected, compared with consumer panel surveys. Eight hundred forty-three of 1,335 (63.1%) dogs were neutered, compared with 816 of 1,023 (79.8%) cats. Cost was cited as a reason that 35 of 441 (7.9%) dogs and 34 of 132 (25.8%) cats were not neutered. Only 33 of 968 (3.4%) dog-owning households reported that their dog had had a litter during the past year, whereas 52 of 662 (7.9%) cat-owning households reported their cat had had a litter of kittens. Most cat litters were unplanned, whereas two thirds of dog litters were planned. Annual turnover in owned pets was 191 of 1,354 (14.1%) dogs and 194 of 1,056 (18.4%) cats. Pet owners underreported relinquishing pets to a shelter in the telephone survey.

Clinical Implications—
A combination of animal shelter- and human population-based data are needed to describe pet population dynamics in a community. Information about species-specific reproductive patterns is essential in designing population control programs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:637–642)
Characteristics and management of gunshot wounds in dogs and cats: 84 cases (1986-1995)
Authors: Fullington Robert J. , Otto Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine history, signalment, physical examination findings, treatment, complications, outcome, and prognostic indicators of dogs and cats treated for gunshot wounds at an urban veterinary referral hospital.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
82 dogs and 2 cats.

Results
Young (< 3 years old) sexually intact males were overrepresented. Of the 122 injuries, 52 were to limbs (23/52 were associated with fractures), 32 involved the thorax, 14 involved the abdomen, 14 involved the head, 6 involved the neck, and 4 involved the vertebral column. Seven animals were euthanatized because of financial concerns. Of the remaining 77, 11 died and 66 were discharged from the hospital.
Conservative treatment was adequate for animals with limb injuries not associated with a fracture. However, animals with evidence of peritoneal penetration required an exploratory laparotomy. Animals with thoracic injuries usually could be managed with conservative treatment or thoracocentesis. Only 1 animal underwent thoracotomy. Wound infection developed in 4 animals. Initial treatment of animals with gunshot wounds should include administration of antibiotics effective against gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

Clinical Implications
Most dogs with gunshot wounds that receive adequate treatment can be expected to survive. However, dogs with vertebral column or abdominal wounds may have a worse prognosis than dogs with thoracic or limb injuries. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:658–662
Nonlymphoid vertebral canal tumors in cats: 11 cases (1987-1995)
Authors: Levy Mark S. , Mauldin Glenna , Kapatkin Amy S. , Patnaik Amiya K. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine outcome of cats with nonlymphoid tumors of the vertebral canal that undergo surgery.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
11 cats.

Procedure
Information obtained from the medical records included signalment, tumor location, gross evaluation of completeness of surgical excision, histologic diagnosis, and survival time.

Results
Median age of cats was 12 years; all cats had negative FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus test results. All cats underwent a hemilaminectomy or dorsal laminectomy. The tumor was located in the thoracic portion of the vertebral column in 6 cats. Six cats had intradural-extramedullary tumors. Tumors included meningioma (n = 5), malignant nerve sheath tumors (2), and meningeal sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, lipoma, and osteosarcoma (1 each). One cat was lost to follow-up, 1 cat with meningioma was alive 1,400 days after surgery, and 1 cat with a nerve sheath tumor was alive 2,190 days after surgery. Median survival time for the other 4 cats with meningioma was 180 days (range, 30 to 600 days).

Clinical Implications
Cats with nonlymphoid vertebral canal tumors that undergo surgery may have a good prognosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:663–664
Analysis of prognostic factors and patterns of failure in dogs with periodontal tumors treated with megavoltage irradiation
Authors: Théon Alain P. , Rodriguez Carlos , Griffey Steven , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine quality and duration of progression-free survival (PFS) time in dogs with periodontal tumors after definitive megavoltage irradiation and to analyze prognostic factors for PFS time and patterns of treatment failure.

Design
Prospective clinical trial.

Animals
47 dogs with acanthomatous, fibromatous, or ossifying epulis.

Procedure
Dogs were treated with 48 Gy over 4 weeks on an alternate-day schedule of 4 Gy/fraction. Multivariate analysis was done by use of Cox's proportional hazards regression model to determine prognostic factors for PFS time.

Results
The only independent prognostic factor for PFS time was tumor T stage. Pattern of local tumor recurrence (marginal vs infield regrowth) was independent of clinical stage, tumor location, and site. In 4% of the dogs, severe acute radiation reactions in the final week of treatment resulted in treatment discontinuation. In 6.4% of the dogs, chronic radiation reactions included bone necrosis.

Clinical Implications
Irradiation was a safe and effective treatment of small (T1 and T2 stage) periodontal tumors. The usefulness of the radiation protocol in this study is limited in dogs with large (T3) tumors, particularly those located in the caudal half of the oral cavity, because of poor results and high risk of acute radiation toxicoses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:785–788
Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in Greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy: 18 cases (1992-1994)
Authors: Cowan Laine A. , Hertzke Donna M. , Fenwick Brad W. , Andreasen Claire B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities in Greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy and to determine whether there were any differences between dogs with and without renal azotemia.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
18 Greyhounds.

Procedure
Results of CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalyses, coagulation tests, tests of RBC morphology, bacterial culture of blood samples, and serologic tests tor Rickettsia rickettsii, Ehrlichla canis, E platys, and Leptospira interrogans were reviewed. Glomerular filtration rates and urine protein:creatinine ratios were determined in most dogs. t-Tests and a test of equality of proportions were used to compare dogs that developed renal azotemia with dogs that did not.

Results
None of the dogs was bacteremic or had serologic evidence of infectious disease. Ten dogs had renal azotemia, 16 had anemia, 11 had hypoalbuminemia, and 18 developed thrombocytopenia. Compared with dogs without renal azotemia, dogs with renal azotemia had significantly lower mean platelet count, hematocrit, and serum albumin concentration and significantly higher mean neutrophil count and creatine kinase activity. All 10 dogs with renal azotemia died or were euthanatized; 7 of 8 dogs without azotemia survived.

Clinical Implications
Greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy that developed renal azotemia had evidence of more severe systemic disease than did dogs that did not have azotemia and, despite supportive treatment, had a poorer prognosis.
Three methods of oxytocin-induced parturition and their effects on foals
Authors: Macpherson Margo L. , Chaffin M. Keith , Carroll Gwendolyn L. , Jorgensen Jennifer , Arrott Caroline , Varner Dickson D. , Blanchard Terry L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare effects of 3 oxytocin-based induction techniques on fetal and neonatal foals.

Design
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Animals
16 pregnant mares.

Procedure
Parturition was induced in mares by use of 3 treatments: group 1, 75 U of oxytocin, IM; group 2, 15 U of oxytocin, IM, q 15 minutes, for a maximum of 75 U; group 3, 75 U of oxytocin in 1 L of 0.9% NaCI solution, IV (1 U/min), for a maximum of 75 U. Blood gas values and indices of vitality were measured in foals, and variables describing parturition were measured in mares.

Results
Group-3 mares had a shorter interval from administration of oxytocin to rupture of the chorioallantois (OTCA) than group-2 mares. More foals were abnormal when the interval from oxytocin administration to delivery of the foal (OTDE) was ≥ 60 minutes, Arterial blood gas values, measurements of vitality, and plasma cortisol concentrations did not differ among foals in various treatment groups. Increased interval for OTCA and OTDE resulted in higher neonatal Paco2, and a longer interval for OTCA resulted in lower arterial pH. Time required for birth was shorter in mares with a dilated cervix. More abnormal foals than normal foals were delivered after premature placental separation or dystocia. Abnormal foals took longer to stand and suckle than normal foals. Interval from delivery to suckling was positively correlated with OTCA, OTDE, and Paco2.

Clinical Implications
Method of oxytocin-induced parturition did not impact neonatal outcome. Interval from induction until parturition, degree of cervical dilatation, and intrapartum complications influenced induction success. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:799–803
Synovial fluid cavitation during distraction radiography of the coxofemoral joint in dogs
Authors: LaFond Elizabeth , Smith Gail K. , Gregor Thomas P , McKelvie Pamela J. , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine risk factors for, and prevalence and short- and long-term effects of, synovial fluid cavitation during distraction radiography.

Design—
Multicenter prevalence survey.

Animals—
6,649 purebred dogs comprising 129 breeds.

Procedure—
Radiographs from the PennHIP (University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program) Laboratory were subjectively evaluated for evidence of cavitation. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether sex, breed, age, weight, distraction index (DI), or examining veterinarian was associated with cavitation. Short-term effects of cavitation were assessed by comparing DI for the hip with cavitation with DI for the contralateral hip in dogs with unilateral cavitation. Long-term effects of cavitation were assessed by comparing DI before and after cavitation was detected.

Results—
Cavitation was detected in 279 (4.2%) of the radiographs analyzed. Male dogs, Golden Retrievers, and heavier dogs were at a decreased risk for cavitation. Irish Wolfhounds, Irish Setters, Rhodesian Ridgebacks, and Weimaraners had an increased risk for cavitation. Age and DI were not risk factors for cavitation. Mean DI was 0.08 greater in hips with cavitation than in paired hips without cavitation. Significant differences were not detected between DI before and after cavitation, but only 7 dogs were included in this analysis.

Clinical Implications—
Cavitation is rare during distraction radiography and can increase measured DI. Radiographs should be routinely examined to ensure accurate reporting of DI. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210: 1294–1297
Nimodipine for treatment of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs
Authors: O'Brien Dennis P , Simpson Stephen T. , Longshore Randall C. , Kroll Robert A. , Goetze Leopold 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate efficacy and safety of the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

Design—
Prospective clinical trial.

Animals—
10 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Dogs were included if seizures were inadequately controlled despite treatment with barbiturates and serum phenobarbital concentrations were > 25 μg/ml, if dogs had intolerable adverse effects when treated with barbiturates, or if dogs had mild, inadequately treated seizures.

Procedures—
Dogs were treated with nimodipine (2.5 mg/kg [1.1 mg/lb] of body weight. PO, q 12 h), and other medications were slowly withdrawn. Dogs were monitored for seizure frequency and severity as well as any adverse effects to the medication.

Results—
Few adverse effects were reported. Seizure control, however, was generally inadequate. All but 2 dogs were withdrawn from the study because of poor seizure control. Plasma nimodipine concentrations were low, with a mean peak concentration of 105.3 ng/ml.

Clinical Implications—
Nimodipine was not successful in controlling seizures in dogs used in this study. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1298–1301)