bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling sorption and mobility of cadmium and zinc in soils with scaled exchange coefficients
Authors: Voegelin A. , Kretzschmar R. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryAdsorption isotherms of Cd or Zn in soils of varying composition are often described using generalized Freundlich equations with scaled model parameters. However, this approach fails to describe the competition of several different metal cations for adsorption sites. To overcome this problem, we developed an empirical model based on cation exchange equations with scaled selectivity coefficients for Cd–Ca and Zn–Ca exchange. A large set of experimental data on the sorption of Cd and Zn to soils suspended in Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2, or Ca(ClO4)2 electrolyte solutions was compiled from the literature. The data covered wide ranges in solution concentrations (Zn: 10−8 to 10−2 m; Cd: 10−9 to 10−3 m), pH (3.9–7.7), and soil composition (organic carbon: 2 to 170 g kg−1; clay: 9 to 732 g kg−1). Selectivity coefficients for Cd–Ca and Zn–Ca exchange were scaled by expressing them as functions of organic carbon content, clay content, and solution activities of H+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ or Cd2+. The exchange selectivity coefficients and corresponding scaling factors were determined by fitting to experimental data. The model describes adsorbed amounts of Cd and Zn within a 95% confidence interval of approximately ± 0.5 logarithms (in mol kg−1). The model adequately reproduced adsorption isotherms of Cd and Zn and also the coupled transport of Cd and Ca through a loamy soil. To test the predictive capabilities of the model, we conducted leaching experiments in columns packed with four contaminated soils, which were not part of the calibration data set. Using the generalized model parameters obtained from fitting the literature data, we calculated the concentrations of Zn, Cd, Mg, K, and Ca in the effluent and compared them with experimental results. The observed concentrations of Cd and Zn in the effluent were predicted rather well; that is, predictions were generally within the expected 95% confidence interval obtained for the model. In the most acidic soil an excellent prediction of the elution patterns of Zn, Cd, Mg, and Ca was obtained. The parameters of the generalized model can easily be fine‐tuned to obtain an accurate description of the sorption and transport of Cd and Zn in a particular soil. However, in many practical situations detailed experimental data are lacking. In such cases, the parameters of the model can be used to predict pore water concentrations and leaching of Cd and Zn in contaminated soils.
Floral sex ratios, disease and seed set in dioecious Silene dioica
Authors: Carlsson‐Granér  , Elmqvist  , Ågren  , Gardfjell  , Ingvarsson  
Published: May 2003

1  In the dioecious, perennial herb Silene dioica, the density of pollen donors in a population is determined by overall plant density, the sex ratio and the proportion of plants infected with the anther‐smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum, which results in permanent sterility of both male and female plants. 2  Pollinators (Bombus spp.) were found to prefer male flowers and to avoid diseased flowers. This may result in an overall lower visitation frequency and increased risk for pollen limitation in populations with a low density of males or a high incidence of disease. 3  Compared with open‐pollinated flowers, hand pollination resulted in a significant increase in the number of seeds produced per fruit in populations with an experimentally reduced proportion of males (25% and 50% male flowers) but not in a naturally male‐dominated population (75% male flowers). Seed production per plant was increased by hand pollination only in the most female‐dominated population. Because the floral sex ratio is often male‐biased, resources rather than pollen availability are likely to set the upper limit for total seed production per individual in most healthy populations of S. dioica. 4  There was a negative relationship between seed set and incidence of disease across 22 populations in both years of a field study. However, there was no consistent difference between the responses of highly diseased populations (incidence 30–56%) and populations with a low disease incidence (incidence 0–8%) to hand pollination. 5  In a greenhouse experiment with cloned hand‐pollinated females, the presence of spores on healthy flowers was found to reduce seed set significantly. In highly diseased populations, therefore, the frequent deposition of spores by flower visitors onto remaining healthy plants may decrease seed production below the potential level determined by resources or pollen availability.
A gap dynamic model of mangrove forest development along gradients of soil salinity and nutrient resources
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Twilley Robert R. 
Published: May 2003

1  A gap dynamic model (
FORMAN) was developed as a first synthesis of available data for three Caribbean mangrove species into an individual‐based model that simulates the long‐term dynamics of mangrove forest development. 2  Field observations at three sites along the Shark River estuary were compared with simulation results, assuming development following Hurricane Donna in 1960. Total basal area simulated for each site was within ±10% of that observed, although species‐specific basal area predictions were less accurate. 3  A decrease in nutrient availability from marine to mesohaline sites modelled the reduced basal area of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. However, at the lower nutrient site a 83% reduction in maximum sapling recruitment of both A. germinans and L. racemosa was required to fit field results. Increased basal area of A. germinans and L. racemosa limited the development of Rhizophora mangle at higher nutrient downstream sites, apparently due to competition for light resources. Both observed and simulated results indicated that R. mangle had higher frequencies in the smaller size classes at all three sites, compared to a bell‐shaped size‐class distribution of L. racemosa, particularly at the higher nutrient sites. 4  Succession was projected for the next 500 years at a site in the lower estuary. Long‐term forest dynamics were sensitive to species‐specific maximum sapling recruitment rates. In the absence of large‐scale disturbance, initial dominance by L. racemosa was predicted to be replaced eventually by A. germinans, even when maximum sapling recruitment rate of A. germinans was set at half of L. racemosa and R. mangle. 5  Response curves for each species along gradients of soil nutrient resource and salinity illustrated their relative competitive balance over time (up to 300 years). Laguncularia racemosa dominated in fertile soils with low salinity at early stages of recovery, but its abundance decreased over time while A. germinans increased. The dominance of R. mangle was limited to regions with low nutrient availability and low salinity. Avicennia germinans dominated at higher salinities, where the effect of nutrient availability was overwhelmed by the tolerance of individual species to salt stress.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: duodenopancreatic tumours
Authors: Doherty G. M. , Thompson N. W. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract.  Doherty GM, Thompson NW (University of Michigan, MI, USA). Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: duodenopancreatic tumours (Minisymposium). J Intern Med 2003; 253: 590–598.The pancreaticoduodenal disease in Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is the most frequent cause of death due to the syndrome, and the most controversial with regard to its management. This article discusses the current data and recommendations with respect to disease screening, functional tumour diagnosis, natural history, preoperative imaging, operative strategy and follow‐up.
Functional studies of the MEN1 gene
Authors: Chandrasekharappa S. C , Teh B. T 
Published: May 2003

Abstract.  Chandrasekharappa SC, Teh BT (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA). Functional studies of the MEN1 gene (Minisymposium). J Intern Med 2003; 253; 606–615.Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome affecting primarily parathyroid, enteropancreatic endocrine and pituitary tissues. The inactivating germline and somatic mutations spread throughout the gene and the accompanying loss of the second allele in tumours show that the MEN1 gene is a tumour suppressor. The MEN1‐encoded protein, menin, is a novel nuclear protein. Menin binds and alters JunD‐, NF‐κB‐, Smad3‐mediated transcriptional activation. The mouse Men1 knockout model mimicks the human MEN1 condition contributing to the understanding of tumorigenesis in MEN1.
Surgical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma*
Authors: Cohen M. S. , Moley J. F. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract.Cohen, MS Moley, JF (Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA). Surgical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (Minisymposium). J Intern Med 2003; 253: 616–626.Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignancy of the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. It occurs sporadically or as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndromes. Patients who have inherited a mutation in the RET proto‐oncogene should have thyroidectomy early in life to prevent formation and spread of this cancer. Most patients with sporadic disease present with a palpable neck mass. The diagnosis is made by fine needle aspiration biopsy and by measuring calcitonin levels in the blood. Primary treatment consists of surgical resection including a total thyroidectomy, central neck nodal dissection and functional lateral neck nodal dissections. Most patients with a palpable primary tumour have nodal disease present at the time of operation, and nodal involvement is often bilateral. Adequate resection of the primary tumour and cervical lymph nodes is important to optimize outcome and minimize the risk of recurrent disease. Proper handling of the parathyroid glands prevents hypoparathyroidism. Following primary surgical resection, more than half of the patients will have recurrent disease with persistent elevation of calcitonin levels. Currently, there is no adequate systemic therapy for treating recurrent disease. Surgical reoperation or conservative observation are the best available options. Diagnostic laparoscopy for liver evaluation is the most sensitive diagnostic test to detect the presence of distant metastases.
Effects of Intravenous Lidocaine on Isoflurane Concentration, Physiological Parameters, Metabolic Parameters and Stress‐related Hormones in Horses Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Dzikiti T. B. , Hellebrekers L. J. , van Dijk P. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryPhysiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress‐related hormones are evaluated in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen combined with lidocaine intravenously. Two groups of horses anaesthetized with isoflurane (six horses in each group) were studied: a lidocaine group (IL), which received intravenous lidocaine and a control group (C), which received intravenous saline. Horses in both groups were pre‐medicated with detomidine (IV), and anaesthesia was induced with midazolam‐ketamine (IV). The lidocaine group received intravenous lidocaine as a loading dose of 2.5 mg kg−1 at 15 min after induction of anaesthesia directly followed by a maintenance dosage of 50 μ kg−1 min−1, while the control group received saline (IV) following the same regime. End‐tidal isoflurane and standard physiological parameters were measured. Blood was sampled for measurement of lidocaine, stress hormones and metabolic parameters. The end‐tidal isoflurane concentration in the lidocaine group was 0.96 ± 0.06% versus 1.28 ± 0.06% (mean ± SD) in the control group, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of 25%. No significant differences were found regarding stress‐related hormones, metabolic and physiological parameters. This study suggests that the use of lidocaine to decrease the concentration of isoflurane to obtain a sufficient surgical anaesthesia has no subsequent effects on physiological and metabolic parameters or stress‐related hormones.
Out with the Old, In with the Old: A Closer Look at Younger Versus Older Elderly Migration*
Authors: Conway Karen Smith , Houtenville Andrew J. 
Published: May 2003

Objective. This research examines the migration behavior of the elderly, recognizing that the older and younger elderly may make different decisions and have different consequences for the states in which they live.Methods. Using U.S. Census migration flow data, we describe the movements of the younger and older elderly. Our econometric analysis brings together the wisdom of elderly migration research that focuses on motives (amenity vs. return/assistance) and the Tiebout‐related research that considers the effects of policy.Results. We find that all elderly age groups avoid moving to states with high estate/inheritance/gift taxes, although the effect weakens with age. Likewise, the younger elderly appear to be “shopping around” for destinations with a temperate climate and favorable government policies regarding income taxes and welfare spending, whereas the older elderly are more likely to be “driven out” of their origin state by a high cost of living and income and property taxes.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that both the patterns of migration and the factors that affect migration decisions differ between the younger and older elderly.
HEADHUNTING, CARNAGE AND ARMED PEACE IN AMBOINA, 1500-1700
Authors: Knaap Gerrit 
Published: May 2003

AbstractDespite a corpus of sources, historians of the Moluccas (Indonesia) have given little attention to military history. While land warfare consisted mainly of headhunting raids, maritime warfare was essentially amphibious, with a fleet (hongi) sailing to an enemy beach where a village would be stormed. The European intrusion brought changes to this general pattern. The Dutch East India Company developed its own hongi, consisting of local vessels and a few European ones. However, these were ineffective by the final stages of the wars of conquest and ultimately it was European expeditionary forces that eliminated the last opposition to Dutch rule. Once the 'Pax Neerlandica' was established, the Company could rely on the hongi once again.Malgré le nombre de sources historiques à leur disposition, les historiens des Moluques (Indonésie) n'ont guère prêté attention à l'histoire militaire. La guerre sur terre, c'était surtout faire la chasse aux têtes. La guerre par mer, en revanche, consistait surtout en opérations amphibies, à l'aide d'une flotte (hongi) qui faisait voile vers une côte ennemie pour monter à l'assaut d'un village. La pénétration européenne a changé cette situation. La Compagnie Unie des Indes Orientales a développé sa propre hongi, composée d'embarcations locales et de quelques navires européens. Pourtant, ces hongi ne furent pas efficaces dans les dernières étapes des guerres de conquête et, finalement, ce fut la marine européenne qui élimina la résistance à la domination hollandaise. Lorsque la 'Pax Neerlandica' fut établie, la Compagnie put de nouveau compter sur les hongi.
Single‐Response Duplexing of Electrochemical Label‐Free Biosensor from the Same Tag
Authors: Costa Juliana N. Y. , Pimentel Gabriel J. C. , Poker Júlia A. , Merces Leandro , Paschoalino Waldemir J. , Vieira Luis C. S. , Castro Ana C. H. , Alves Wendel A. , Ayres Lucas B. , Kubota Lauro T. , Santhiago Murilo , Garcia Carlos D. , Piazzetta Maria H. O. , Gobbi Angelo L. , Shimizu Flávio M. , Lima Renato S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultiplexing is a valuable strategy to boost throughput and improve clinical accuracy. Exploiting the vertical, meshed design of reproducible and low‐cost ultra‐dense electrochemical chips, the unprecedented single‐response multiplexing of typical label‐free biosensors is reported. Using a cheap, handheld one‐channel workstation and a single redox probe, that is, ferro/ferricyanide, the recognition events taking place on two spatially resolved locations of the same working electrode can be tracked along a single voltammetry scan by collecting the electrochemical signatures of the probe in relation to different quasi‐reference electrodes, Au (0 V) and Ag/AgCl ink (+0.2 V). This spatial isolation prevents crosstalk between the redox tags and interferences over functionalization and binding steps, representing an advantage over the existing non‐spatially resolved single‐response multiplex strategies. As proof of concept, peptide‐tethered immunosensors are demonstrated to provide the duplex detection of COVID‐19 antibodies, thereby doubling the throughput while achieving 100% accuracy in serum samples. The approach is envisioned to enable broad applications in high‐throughput and multi‐analyte platforms, as it can be tailored to other biosensing devices and formats.
Inorganic Sodium Solid Electrolytes: Structure Design, Interface Engineering and Application
Authors: Liu Gaozhan , Yang Jing , Wu Jinghua , Peng Zhe , Yao Xiayin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state sodium batteries (ASSSBs) are particularly attractive for large‐scale energy storage and electric vehicles due to their exceptional safety, abundant resource availability, and cost‐effectiveness. The growing demand for ASSSBs underscores the significance of sodium solid electrolytes; However, the existed challenges of sodium solid electrolytes hinder their practical application despite continuous research efforts. Herein, recent advancements and the challenges for sodium solid electrolytes from material to battery level are reviewed. The in‐depth understanding of their fundamental properties, synthesis techniques, crystal structures and recent breakthroughs is presented. Moreover, critical challenges on inorganic sodium solid electrolytes are emphasized, including the imperative need to enhance ionic conductivity, fortifying interfacial compatibility with anode/cathode materials, and addressing dendrite formation issues. Finally, potential applications of these inorganic sodium solid electrolytes are explored in ASSSBs and emerging battery systems, offering insights into future research directions.
Geometric determinants of the mechanical behavior of image‐based finite element models of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Fleps Ingmar , Newman Harrah R. , Elliott Dawn M. , Morgan Elise F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe intervertebral disc is an important structure for load transfer through the spine. Its injury and degeneration have been linked to pain and spinal fractures. Disc injury and spine fractures are associated with high stresses; however, these stresses cannot be measured, necessitating the use of finite element (FE) models. These models should include the disc's complex structure, as changes in disc geometry have been linked to altered mechanical behavior. However, image‐based models using disc‐specific structures have yet to be established. This study describes a multiphasic FE modeling approach for noninvasive estimates of subject‐specific intervertebral disc mechanical behavior based on medical imaging. The models (n = 22) were used to study the influence of disc geometry on the predicted global mechanical response (moments and forces), internal local disc stresses, and tractions at the interface between the disc and the bone. Disc geometry was found to have a strong influence on the predicted moments and forces on the disc (R2 = 0.69–0.93), while assumptions regarding the side curvature (bulge) of the disc had only a minor effect. Strong variability in the predicted internal disc stresses and tractions was observed between the models (mean absolute differences of 5.1%–27.7%). Disc height had a systematic influence on the internal disc stresses and tractions at the disc‐to‐bone interface. The influence of disc geometry on mechanics highlights the importance of disc‐specific modeling to estimate disc injury risk, loading on the adjacent vertebral bodies, and the mechanical environment present in disc tissues.
Application of radiomics model based on lumbar computed tomography in diagnosis of elderly osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Baisen , Cui Jiaming , Li Chaochen , Xu Pengjun , Xu Guanhua , Jiang Jiawei , Xue Pengfei , Sun Yuyu , Cui Zhiming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption is osteoporosis. It can cause pain and fracture of patients. The elderly are prone to osteoporosis and are more vulnerable to osteoporosis. In this study, radiomics are extracted from computed tomography (CT) images to screen osteoporosis in the elderly. Collect the plain scan CT images of lumbar spine, cut the region of interest of the image and extract radiomics features, use Lasso regression to screen variables and adjust complexity, use python language to model random forests, support vector machines, K nearest neighbor, and finally use receiver operating characteristic curve to evaluate the performance of the model, including precision, recall, accuracy and area under the curve (AUC). For the model, 14 radiolomics features were selected. The diagnosis performance of random forest model and support vector machine is good, all around 0.9. The AUC of K nearest neighbor model in training set and test set is 0.828 and 0.796, respectively. We selected the plain scan CT images of the elderly lumbar spine to build radiomics features model, which has good diagnostic performance and can be used as a tool to assist the diagnosis of osteoporosis in the elderly.
Intestinal failure–associated liver disease: Current challenges in screening, diagnosis, and parenteral nutrition considerations
Authors: Tabone Trevor , Mooney Peter , Donnellan Clare 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) is a serious life‐limiting complication that can occur throughout the clinical course of intestinal failure and its management by parenteral nutrition (PN). Despite this, there is a lack of a standardized definition for IFALD, which makes this insidious condition increasingly difficult to screen and diagnose in clinical practice. Attenuating the progression of liver disease before the onset of liver failure is key to improving morbidity and mortality in these patients. This requires timely detection and promptly addressing reversible factors. Although there are various noninvasive tools available to the clinician to detect early fibrosis or cirrhosis in various chronic liver disease states, these have not been validated in the patient population with IFALD. Such tools include biochemical composite scoring systems for fibrosis, transient elastography, and dynamic liver function tests. This review article aims to highlight the existing real need for an accurate, reproducible method to detect IFALD in its early stages. In addition, we also explore the role PN plays in the pathogenesis of this complex multifactorial condition. Various aspects of PN administration have been implicated in the etiology of IFALD, including the composition of the lipid component, nutrient excess and deficiency, and infusion timing. We aim to highlight the clinical relevance of these PN‐associated factors in the development of IFALD and how these can be managed to mitigate the progression of IFALD.