bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Solubility Properties of Methanofullerenes Containing Primary Ammonium Ion Functionalities
Authors: Garlaschelli Luigi , Pasini Dario , Spiaggia Federica 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of novel methanofullerene derivatives bearing a primary ammonium ion functionality is described. They are obtained by a Bingel cyclopropanation reaction on C60 with malonate esters, bearing both a solubilizing poly(oxyethylene) chain and an aliphatic chain ending with a BOC‐protected amine. After removal of the protecting group, a counterion exchange methodology allows for the introduction of a perfluorinated anion, bringing the overall solubility of these derivatives to 98 mg/mL in an organic CH2Cl2 solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
New Unsymmetrical Zinc‐Phthalocyanine Conjugated with One Azo‐Dye Moiety: Synthesis via Opening the Fused Triazole Ring and Spectral Properties
Authors: Àlvarez Micó Xavier , Vagin Sergei I. , Subramanian Lakshminarayanapuram R. , Ziegler Thomas , Hanack Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new method for the preparation of compounds containing an azo‐dye moiety via opening the activated triazole ring upon coupling with nucleophiles was successfully applied to a mono‐triazole‐fused phthalocyaninato zinc complex 1. The prepared unsymmetrical zinc‐phthalocyanine 3 conjugated with a 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthylazo moiety in the periphery was characterized by means of UV/Vis‐, FTIR‐, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐TOF spectrometry, and elemental analysis, and the data support its structure. The assignment of signals in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of compound 3 was based on the data from 2‐D CH‐COSY and HC‐HMBC measurements (C–H coupling across one bond and long‐range H–C coupling). The compound exhibits interesting spectroscopic properties, indicating high acidity of the hydroxy group. This phthalocyanine behaves as a strongly solvatochromic compound and can exist in different forms depending on the concentration and nature of solvent. Additionally, photodecomposition of 3 in chloroform and tetrahydrofuran was found to proceed via different pathways. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Controlled Synthesis of α‐Allenic Ester and Spiro Ketone Derivatives from Tailored α‐Substituted Cycloalkanones Through Cascade Reactions: Exploring the Possible Reaction Pathways by Means of Semiempirical MO Calculations
Authors: Mota Antonio J. , Klein Aurélie , Wendling Florence , Dedieu Alain , Miesch Michel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFunctionalized bicyclic electrophilic allenes and (or) spiro ketones have been obtained through a cascade reaction when acetylenic ω‐keto esters were treated with tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride (TBAF). The isolated products can be modulated by using different starting materials (i.e. varying ring size, spacer length) and reaction times. The results indicate that these reactions take place under kinetic control. In line with this, a semiempirical study was carried out in order to determine the preferred reaction pathways and the preferred cis/trans conformation of the bicyclic allenic derivatives. An excellent correlation was found between theoretical and experimental results, and the whole process dramatically depends on the presence of the HF molecule. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Isolation of Plakinamine I: A New Steroidal Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Corticium sp. and Synthesis of an Analogue Model Compound
Authors: Zampella Angela , D'Orsi Rosa , Sepe Valentina , De Marino Simona , Borbone Nicola , Valentin Alexis , Debitus Cécile , Zollo Franco , Valeria D'Auria Maria 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new cytotoxic steroidal alkaloid, plakinamine I, with an unprecedented 3α‐amino‐19‐acetoxy nucleus was isolated from a Corticium sp. sponge. The structure has been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and secured by the synthesis of the model 19‐acetoxy‐3α‐aminocholestane. The evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of several synthetic derivatives, intermediates of the above synthesis, allowed us to explore the influence of the different functions on the cytotoxicity observed for natural plakinamine I. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Fluoronaphthalene Building Blocks via Arynes: A Solution to the Problem of Positional Selectivity
Authors: Masson Eric , Schlosser Manfred 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWhen 3‐fluoro‐ and 3‐chloro‐1,2‐didehydrobenzenes are generated in the presence of 2‐(trimethylsilyl)furan, two regioisomeric cycloadducts are formed in a 1:2 ratio. However, regioselectivity can be installed by fitting one bulky trimethylsilyl group into sterically critical positions of each of the two reaction components. Thus 3‐fluoro‐6‐trimethylsilyl‐1,2‐didehydrobenzene and 2‐(trimethylsilyl)furan give one cycloadduct exclusively. In this way, the Diels–Alder reaction between suitably adorned arynes and similarly designed furans can open an entry to naphthalene derivatives that have unprecedented substituent patterns that qualify them as building blocks for pharmaceutical or agricultural research. The acid‐catalyzed isomerization of model 1,4‐epoxy‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes, the aryne/furan cycloadducts, exhibits unexpected effects on rates and regioselectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
(α‐L‐Rhamnopyranosyl)methylphosphonic Acids: Experimental Evidence of the Analogy with α‐L‐Rhamnopyranosyl Phosphate
Authors: Ronchi Silvia , Compostella Federica , Lay Luigi , Ronchetti Fiamma , Toma Lucio 
Published: September 2005

Abstract(α‐L‐Rhamnopyranosyl)methylphosphonic acid and methyl (2‐O‐methyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)methylphosphonate have been synthesized starting from allyl 3,4‐di‐O‐benzyl‐2‐O‐p‐methoxybenzyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside. The complete NMR spectroscopic characterization of these two compounds and the comparison of the theoretical and experimental vicinal coupling constants indicates a marked preference for the 1C4 conformation for both compounds, in analogy with the natural phosphate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Chemistry of Alkylstrontium Halide Analogues, Part 2: Barbier‐Type Dialkylation of Esters with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Miyoshi Norikazu , Matsuo Tsuyoshi , Wada Makoto 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe chemistry of an alkylstrontium halide analogue was examined. In the presence of metallic strontium, the Barbier‐type alkylation of esters with alkyl iodides proceeded smoothly at room temperature, under argon, to afford the corresponding dialkylated alcohols in good yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Halogenated Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene Building Blocks: Elaboration of the Dibromoenone
Authors: Pelphrey Phillip M. , Orugunty Ravi S. , Helmich Richard J. , Battiste Merle A. , Wright Dennis L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have been interested in exploiting the highly functionalized oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octadienes that are produced by the cycloaddition of furan and tetrabromocyclopropene as synthetic building blocks. As part of this program, we have prepared non‐racemic derivatives of these adducts containing an α,β‐dibromoenone moiety embedded in the bicyclic framework. Elaboration of this unit has been realized through substitution and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. Formation of bicyclodecenes has also been accomplished by a chromium‐nickel‐mediated ring closure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Seismic protection of counterweight–rails in elevators in buildings
Authors: Rildova  , Singh M. P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe counterweight in an elevator, being the heaviest component, can often overstress the guide rails during a strong earthquake. To reduce the in‐plane counterweight response, the use of a part of the counterweight mass as a tuned mass damper in the passive and active modes is examined. The passive TMDs can reduce the stresses in the rails, but their performance can be significantly improved when they are used in the active mode. An actuator with saturation capacity less than 10% of the weight of the counterweight could reduce the critical stress response to as low a level as, or even lower than, the maximum response induced by the out‐of‐plane motion of the counterweight. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement and prediction of sediment production from unpaved roads, St John, US Virgin Islands
Authors: Ramos‐Scharrón Carlos E. , MacDonald Lee H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractExcess delivery of land‐based sediments is an important control on the overall condition of nearshore coral reef ecosystems. Unpaved roads have been identified as a dominant sediment source on St John in the US Virgin Islands. An improved understanding of road sediment production rates is needed to guide future development and erosion control efforts. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) measure sediment production rates at the road segment scale; (2) evaluate the importance of precipitation, slope, contributing area, traffic, and grading on road sediment production; (3) develop an empirical road erosion predictive model; and (4) compare our measured erosion rates to other published data. Sediment production from 21 road segments was monitored with sediment traps from July 1998 to November 2001. The selected road segments had varying slopes, contributing areas, and traffic loads. Precipitation was measured by four recording rain gauges.Sediment production was related to total precipitation and road segment slope. After normalizing by precipitation and slope, the mean sediment production rate for roads that had been graded within the last two years was 0·96 kg m−2cm−1m m−1or approximately 11 kg m−2a−1for a typical road with a 10 per cent slope and an annual rainfall of 115 cm a−1. The mean erosion rate for ungraded roads was 42 per cent lower, or 0·56 kg m−2cm−1m m−1. The normalized mean sediment production rate for road segments that had been abandoned for over fifteen years was only about 10 per cent of the mean value for ungraded roads. Sediment production was not related to traffic loads. Multiple regression analysis led to the development of an empirical model based on precipitation, slope to the 1·5 power, and a categorical grading variable.The measured and predicted erosion rates indicate that roads are capable of increasing hillslope‐scale sediment production rates by up to four orders of magnitude relative to undisturbed conditions. The values from St John are at the high end of reported road erosion rates, a finding that is consistent with the high rainfall erosivities and steep slopes of many of the unpaved roads on St John. Other than paving, the most practical methods to reduce current erosion rates are to minimize the frequency of grading and improve road drainage. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overbank deposition along the concave side of the Red River meanders, Manitoba, and its geomorphic significance
Authors: Brooks Gregory R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSlow earth sliding is pervasive along the concave side of Red River meanders that impinge on Lake Agassiz glaciolacustrine deposits. These failures form elongated, low‐angled (c. 6 to 10°) landslide zones along the valleysides. Silty overbank deposits that accumulated during the 1999 spring freshet extend continuously along the landslide zones over hundreds of metres and aggraded the lower slopes over a distance 50 to 80 m from the channel margin. The aggradation is not obviously related to meander curvature or location within a meander. Along seven slope profiles surveyed in 1999 near Letellier, Manitoba, the deposits locally are up to 21 cm thick and generally thin with increasing distance from, and height above, the river. Local deposit thickness relates to distance from the channel, duration of inundation of the landslide surface, mesotopography, and variations in vegetation cover. Immediately adjacent to the river, accumulated overbank deposits are up to 4 m thick. The 1999 overbank deposits also were present along the moderately sloped (c. 23 to 27°) concave banks eroding into the floodplain, but the deposits are thinner (locally up toc. 7 cm thick) and cover a narrower area (10 to 30 m wide) than the deposits within the landslide zones. Concave overbank deposition is part of a sediment reworking process that consists of overbank aggradation on the landslide zones, subsequent gradual downslope displacement from earth sliding, and eventually reworking by the river at the toe of the landslide. The presence of the deposits dampens the outward migration of the meanders and contributes to a low rate of contemporary lateral channel migration. Concave overbank sedimentation occurs along most Red River meanders between at least Emerson and St. Adolphe, Manitoba. © Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
An adaptive min–max fair bandwidth allocation scheme for cellular multimedia networks
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mahfuzul , Murshed Manzur 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDepending on the flexibility in controlling the transmission rate and the differences between on‐line (real time) and off‐line transmission modes, multimedia applications can potentially include a wide range of services, with the traditional stringent quality‐of‐service (QoS) requirement at the extreme to the highly adaptive ones that can tolerate or smartly adapt to the transient fluctuations in the QoS parameters. Keeping the cellular multimedia networks efficient with low call dropping and blocking rates and high bandwidth utilisation while maintaining a fair distribution of bandwidth by synergistically addressing the differences among these services remains a significant challenge. This paper addresses this issue by developing a novel min–max fairness scheme where bandwidth is distributed with equal share only after ensuring the minimum requirements. Besides borrowing in‐use bandwidth through redistribution, this scheme also allows for using the reserved bandwidth for the offline services. Simulation results confirm the superiority of this scheme against the rate‐based borrowing and the max–min fairness schemes, the two most recent works addressing similar issues. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Ad hoc qualiy of service multicast routing with objection queries for admission control
Authors: Bür Kaan , Ersoy Cem 
Published: September 2005

AbstractToday's handheld computing devices equipped with novel wireless network technologies can provide their users with features such as mobility, multimedia support and group communication. On the other hand, the administrative effort required to enable all these features increases beyond the level that an ordinary user can manage. Ad hoc networks, being able to quickly organise themselves without user intervention, can overcome this problem. They are also suitable for group‐oriented mobile multimedia communication. However, it is imperative for ad hoc networks to combine quality of service (QoS) and multicast routing strategies in order to utilise the wireless medium efficiently. This article defines the components of an ad hoc QoS multicast routing (AQM) protocol, which addresses this issue. AQM achieves multicast routing efficiency by tracking the availability of resources for each node within its neighbourhood. Computation of free bandwidth is based on reservations made for ongoing sessions and the allocations reported by neighbours. Current QoS status is announced at the initiation of a new session and updated periodically in the network to the extent of QoS provision. Thus, nodes are prevented from applying for membership if there is no QoS path for the session. When nodes wish to join a session with certain service requirements, a three‐phase process consisting of request, reply and reserve steps ensures that the QoS information is updated and used to select the most appropriate routes. The allowed maximum hop count of the session is taken into account in order to satisfy the delay requirements of the multimedia applications. To cope with the continuous nature of streaming multimedia, AQM nodes check the availability of bandwidth within their neighbourhood not only for themselves but within a virtual tunnel of nodes. Objection queries are issued prior to reservation to avoid excessive resource usage due to allocations made by nodes which cannot detect each other directly. New performance metrics are introduced to evaluate the efficiency of AQM regarding the satisfaction level of individual members as well as the success rate of sessions. Simulation results show that, by applying novel QoS management techniques, AQM significantly improves multicast efficiency for members as well as for sessions. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Comparisons of three blind channel estimation methods for CDMA systems from array signal processing perspectives
Authors: Liu Tsung‐Hsien , Li Yao‐Chieh , Chang Chih‐Chun 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe study blind channel estimation in code division multiple access systems from array signal processing perspective. As there are three direction of arrival estimation methods in array signal processing, we formulate three corresponding blind channel estimation methods in a framework, although two of which have already been reported. From our analysis and simulations, the constrained and subspace methods for blind channel estimation outperforms the conventional method. The conventional method is less computationally complex, and is suitable for the scenario where only few users exist and where good power control is taken care of. The constrained and subspace methods are shown to be near‐far resistant and robust to intercell interference. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Round‐robin wavelength assignment: a new packet sequence criterion in optical packet switching SCWP networks
Authors: Pavón‐Mariño P. , González‐Castaño F. J. , García‐Haro Joan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe WASPNET project proposed a packet sequence criterion to preserve end‐to‐end packet order in optical packet switching (OPS) networks controlled by the scattered wavelength path (SCWP) operational mode. This paper shows that this packet ordering methodology causes performance impairments, related to unbalanced wavelength usage in fibre links. This skewed usage is inherent to the WASPNET sequencing criterion. As a solution, a round‐robin sequence criterion is proposed. The presented technique eliminates non‐uniform wavelength utilisation in fibre links for any traffic pattern, as well as the performance impairments associated. We also propose an optimum scheduling algorithm for OPS output‐buffered switch fabrics, which preserves packet order by following the new sequencing criterion. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Synthesisation of pulse shaping waveforms for spectral efficient digital modulations: some practical approaches
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Hwa , Cai Cheng‐Hsien , Chao Chien‐Yao , Lin Yu‐Hsin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBandwidth efficiency of all digital modulations is associated closely with baseband pulse shaping waveforms (PSW's) before carrier modulation. Traditional PSW designing approaches usually work in a way such that the design of PSW's in the time domain hardly reveals a direct connection with their spectral characteristics. In other words, designing process of the PSW's offers too little degree‐of‐freedom to control spectral properties of the resultant signals. This paper will present a methodology, based on which several new PSW synthesising approaches, including time‐domain convolution (TDC), steepest sidelobe roll‐off (SSR) and zero‐point insertion (ZPI) methods, will be proposed to design different PSW's with controllable spectral characteristics, such as sidelobe roll‐off rate, main lobe width and null positions in their power spectral density functions. In particular, the SSR and ZPI methods are based on a truncated cosine function series, which can be further generalised to use other seed functions. The results show that the approaches can help us to generate a PSW database containing a wide collection of promising PSW's to suit for diverse wireless applications, such as traditional digital modems as well as emerging ultra‐wideband systems. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Meshless numerical simulation for fully nonlinear water waves
Authors: Wu Nan‐Jing , Tsay Ting‐Kuei , Young D. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA meshless numerical model for nonlinear free surface water wave is presented in this paper. An approach of handling the moving free surface boundary is proposed. Using the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation as the radial basis functions and locating the source points outside the computational domain, the problem is solved by collocation of only a few boundary points. Present model is first applied to simulate the generation of periodic finite‐amplitude waves with high wave‐steepness and then is employed to simulate the modulation of monochromatic waves passing over a submerged obstacle. Good agreements are observed as compared with experimental data and other numerical models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediation ofin vivo glucose sensor inflammatory response via nitric oxide release
Authors: Gifford Raeann , Batchelor Melissa M. , Lee Youngmi , Gokulrangan Giridharan , Meyerhoff Mark E. , Wilson George S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn vivo glucose sensor nitric oxide (NO) release is a means of mediating the inflammatory response that may cause sensor/tissue interactions and degraded sensor performance. The NO release (NOr) sensors were prepared by doping the outer polymeric membrane coating of previously reported needle‐type electrochemical sensors with suitable lipophilic diazeniumdiolate species. The Clarke error grid correlation of sensor glycemia estimates versus blood glucose measured in Sprague‐Dawley rats yielded 99.7% of the points for NOr sensors and 96.3% of points for the control within zones A and B (clinically acceptable) on Day 1, with a similar correlation for Day 3. Histological examination of the implant site demonstrated that the inflammatory response was significantly decreased for 100% of the NOr sensors at 24 h. The NOr sensors also showed a reduced run‐in time of minutes versus hours for control sensors. NO evolution does increase protein nitration in tissue surrounding the sensor, which may be linked to the suppression of inflammation. This study further emphasizes the importance of NO as an electroactive species that can potentially interfere with glucose (peroxide) detection. The NOr sensor offers a viable option for in vivo glucose sensor development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005