bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Modelling for Leakage Reduction in Water Distribution Systems Through Pressure Control
Authors: Alsaydalani Majed O. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Leakage in a water distribution network makes up a significant amount of loss. In certain countries, this loss represents 40% to 50% of the supplied water, whereas the global average for most systems is estimated at around 30%. Furthermore, water demand is increasing as a result of population growth, while resources are dwindling.

Methodology
This study used hydraulic modelling for leakage reduction through pressure control. For this purpose, a hydraulic model was created using the software EPANET for a selected water distribution network in a district-metered zone in Jeddah. The model was calibrated and validated for the district-metered zone using data obtained by SCADA. Pressure management using a pressure-reduction valve was then implemented to control the amount of leakage in water distribution systems.

Results
The preliminary findings show that pressure optimization was required as there were nodes within the network that had excessive pressure. Application of pressure management to the district metered zone showed that the reduction in water pressure from 5 bar to 2 bar resulted in an immediate reduction in water losses. The leakage volume through the district-metered area at the time of maximum pressure dropped by 10% after pressure reduction. Simultaneously, the minimum required pressure was upheld at each demand node, preventing any lack of pressure in the water distribution system.

Conclusion
The results indicated that pressure control should be integrated with hydraulic modelling for effective leakage reduction. This research could help water-supply companies as a support tool for planning and managing leakage in water distribution systems.
A Convergent-mixed Method Study on the Attitudes and Perception Towards Suicide Memes and Suicidality
Authors: Nicomedes Christian Jasper C. , Sasot Christoper F. , Santos Geraldine F. , Distor John Mark S. , Marzan Pricila B. , Manda Aimee Rose 
Published: February 2024

Background
As the number of social media users rises, so does the popularity of internet memes. This includes suicide memes, which are centered on the surreal aspects of human life, existence, and voluntary death. Opinions vary; some find them triggering and offensive, advocating against their presence on social media. Meanwhile, others see them as harmless entertainment for the audience.

Methods
The researchers examined the perception of suicide memes relative to suicidal behaviors of 230 respondents. The convergent-mixed method was utilized to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously.

Results
The study found that most respondents reported self-injury without suicidal intent, desires to be dead, and suicidal thoughts. Additionally, a significant portion experienced isolation or feelings of loneliness, and the majority had not received any treatment. More participants reported experiencing suicidality over their lifetime and within the past month and found suicide memes entertaining. Qualitative analysis revealed themes including humor, inappropriateness, relatability, triggering, destigmatization, and perception dependence on delivery/poster. Respondents not wishing to die expressed negative reactions, while those with suicidal ideation found the memes amusing or soothing.

Conclusion
The study reveals a complicated and split view among social media users regarding the propriety and impact of such content by finding a substantial correlation between people who engage in self-injury activities and those who find suicide memes amusing. The results imply the need for greater tact and awareness while posting or making suicide-related memes on social media, especially considering the varied viewpoints and experiences of people with different degrees of suicidality.
A Novel approach for Corneal Remodeling of Laser Asymmetric Keratectomy with Collagen Cross Linking in Patients with Keratoconus Suspect
Authors: Min Ji Sang , Lee Dongcho , Lee SeongSu , Min Pyung Moo 
Published: February 2024

Background
True Keratoconus Suspect (KCS) is an absolute contraindication to LASIK or Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) due to postoperative ectasia.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of laser asymmetric keratectomy with collagen cross-linking (L-LAK-CXL) in myopic patients with suspected keratoconus (KCS).

Methods
This study included 40–44-year-old four myopic (-2.50 to -5.50 D) patients (4 eyes), of KCS with focal corneal steepening over +47.0 D and peripheral asymmetric corneal thickness. L-LAK-CXL was performed for both original ablation of refractive errors and crescentic customized ablation of the thicker peripheral cornea selectively and myopic changes due to the ablation of the peripheral thicker cornea simultaneously, followed by CXL without the epithelium. We compared preoperative and postoperative ocular findings, including corneal symmetry (total differences of the corneal thickness in four directions (SUM) and decentration of the thinnest point (DISTANCE)) and tear break-out time (TBUT).

Results
From preoperative to postoperative, spherical equivalent (D, average) decreased from -3.38 to -0.34, uncorrected distance visual acuity (LogMAR) increased from 0.53 to 0.00, and Kmax (average D) had decreased from +48.3 to +43.95, central pachymetry (CP, µm, average) decreased from 574 to 511. Postoperative corneal symmetry increased markedly owing to decreased SUM and DISTANCE scores. TBUT increased over 15 s postoperatively. No post-operative corneal ectasia was observed.

Conclusion
L-LAK-CXL improved corneal symmetry in myopic patients with KCS by reducing SUM, decreasing DISTANCE and Kmax, increasing TBUT, and demonstrating good postoperative visual outcomes.
Internal Structure of the Brazilian Online Version of the Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy Scale
Authors: Mizobata Vanessa Natsumi , Castro Andrezza Belluomini , de Lima Parada Cristina Maria Garcia , de Avila Marla Andréia Garcia , Gibim Bruna Nayara , Jamas Milena Temer 
Published: February 2024

Background
Approximately 80% of pregnant women have some degree of childbirth fear, which can have short- and long-term negative effects when not correctly identified and managed. Therefore, it is essential to assess childbirth fear to measure and identify factors related to this fear. Furthermore, it is crucial to develop appropriate and early interventions to improve the childbirth experience for women and their families, including the obstetric care provided.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the validity of the internal structure of the Brazilian online version of the Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy (CFPP) scale.

Methods
This methodological study was conducted to assess the validity of the internal structure of the Brazilian online version of the CFPP scale. A total of 553 men and women aged 18 or older participated in the study. The participants were not pregnant at the time of data collection but intended to have children in the future. A combination of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used for statistical analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega indicators. The Research Ethics Committee approved the study (protocol no: 4.961.821.)

Results
The psychometric parameters indicated a unidimensional model with adequate factor loadings (0.47–0.73) and reliability (0.86). Goodness of fit was achieved (χ2/df = 1.5, NNFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.98, and SRMR = 0.06).

Conclusion
The Brazilian online version of the CFPP scale showed evidence of internal structural validity and reliability for measuring the construct in the population of this country.
Comparison of Levels of Satisfaction between Online and Classroom Learning Among Physical Therapy Students, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand
Authors: Kitjawasombut Kaninnuch , Binhasan Mareena , Ninpradap Oraphin , Taejarernwiriyakul Ormjai 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The study aimed to compare the levels of satisfaction and determine factors influencing satisfaction with learning, between online and classroom learning.

Methods
This cross-sectional questionnaire survey included 195 students of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, during the 2021 academic year who had experienced online/on-site learning. Data (including demographics, learning style, and factors affecting learning) were collected by a questionnaire, which had a Cronbach's alpha of .94. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were reported. Analytical statistics such as the paired t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression were used to report associated factors of satisfaction with learning (the outcome).

Results
The participants showed different satisfaction levels with online and classroom learning (p < .05). The extent to which learning factors (student, family, teacher, and environment) predicted levels of satisfaction for online learning were R2 = .59, .48, .64, .82, respectively and for classroom learning were R2 = .70, .51, .71, .79, respectively.

Conclusion
The levels of satisfaction with online learning differed from those of classroom learning. Factors related to being a student, family, teacher, and environment predicted the level of satisfaction with learning.
Pyolytics: A Step Forward to Address Respiratory Hypoxia in Coronavirus
Infection
Authors: Yagudin Ilnur , Suntsova Darya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Respiratory failure and increasing hypoxia in the era of coronavirus infection is the
cause of fatal outcomes in patients with SARS. The bronchoalveolar obstruction prevents the
normal passage of air, resulting in decreased oxygenation. The available methods of oxygenation
(ECMO) are often not cost-effective and are not readily available in pandemic settings.
Hence, the search for alternatives has prompted the discovery of a new pharmacological group
- pyolytics, the use of which is very promising due to its simplicity and availability.
Biochemical and Familial Factors Influencing COVID-19 Disease Progression
Authors: Altunbas Rıza , Batu Aziz , Turkel Adnan , Akın Ali , Tendik Umut 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The
disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This
study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19
outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized
into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit
(ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium,
and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected.

Results:
The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age:
63.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years).
Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were
significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean:
1.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes
and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID-
19, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of
ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients.

Conclusion::
Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial
ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further
research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms
Improving Prediction of Survival for Extremely Premature Infants Born at 23 to 29 Weeks Gestational Age in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Li Angie , Mullin Sarah , Elkin Peter L 
Published: February 2024

Background
Infants born at extremely preterm gestational ages are typically admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after initial resuscitation. The subsequent hospital course can be highly variable, and despite counseling aided by available risk calculators, there are significant challenges with shared decision-making regarding life support and transition to end-of-life care. Improving predictive models can help providers and families navigate these unique challenges.

Objective
Machine learning methods have previously demonstrated added predictive value for determining intensive care unit outcomes, and their use allows consideration of a greater number of factors that potentially influence newborn outcomes, such as maternal characteristics. Machine learning–based models were analyzed for their ability to predict the survival of extremely preterm neonates at initial admission.

Methods
Maternal and newborn information was extracted from the health records of infants born between 23 and 29 weeks of gestation in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) critical care database. Applicable machine learning models predicting survival during the initial NICU admission were developed and compared. The same type of model was also examined using only features that would be available prepartum for the purpose of survival prediction prior to an anticipated preterm birth. Features most correlated with the predicted outcome were determined when possible for each model.

Results
Of included patients, 37 of 459 (8.1%) expired. The resulting random forest model showed higher predictive performance than the frequently used Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology With Perinatal Extension II (SNAPPE-II) NICU model when considering extremely preterm infants of very low birth weight. Several other machine learning models were found to have good performance but did not show a statistically significant difference from previously available models in this study. Feature importance varied by model, and those of greater importance included gestational age; birth weight; initial oxygenation level; elements of the APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) score; and amount of blood pressure support. Important prepartum features also included maternal age, steroid administration, and the presence of pregnancy complications.

Conclusions
Machine learning methods have the potential to provide robust prediction of survival in the context of extremely preterm births and allow for consideration of additional factors such as maternal clinical and socioeconomic information. Evaluation of larger, more diverse data sets may provide additional clarity on comparative performance.
Patients’ Experiences of Digital Health Interventions for the Self-Management of Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Main Ashleigh , McCartney Haruno , Ibrar Maryam , Rai Harleen Kaur , Muirhead Fiona , Mavroeidi Alexandra , Maguire Roma 
Published: February 2024

Background
Chronic pain is a highly prevalent condition that requires multidisciplinary treatment. However, in the United Kingdom, access to specialist pain clinics where patients can receive medical multidisciplinary treatment is limited, and provision varies between health boards. As such, self-management of chronic pain using digital tools has been gaining traction recently, but evidence of its effectiveness from clinical-based trials focuses mainly on quantitative outcomes.

Objective
This systematic review aims to identify, appraise, and synthesize qualitative evidence on patients’ experiences with digital health interventions (DHIs) for the management of chronic pain.

Methods
This systematic review will consider qualitative and mixed methods studies that explore the experience of patients (aged 18 years and older) with chronic pain engaging in DHIs to manage their pain. MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases will be searched for published studies. The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the ENTREQ (Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research) guidelines. Following the 3-step thematic synthesis methodology of Thomas and Harden, titles and abstracts will be screened by 2 independent reviewers (AM and HM), and a third reviewer (MI or FM) will resolve any conflict that arises before the full-text screening. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist tool will be used to critically appraise the included studies. The extracted data will be imported to NVivo (QSR International), where thematic synthesis will be used to derive analytical themes from the included studies.

Results
Themes that encapsulate the patient experience will be identified from qualitative evidence, and these themes will shed light on the perceived benefits and disadvantages, usability, acceptability, and the overall impact digital tools can have on the lives of those with chronic pain.

Conclusions
This systematic review will identify, appraise, and synthesize the overall experience of patients engaging in DHI to manage a diverse range of chronic pain conditions. By elaborating the patient experience through qualitative analysis, the findings from this review will enhance our current understanding of the experiences of patients with chronic pain using digital tools for the self-management of their pain and highlight what person-centered elements are essential for future DHI development.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42023445100; http://tinyurl.com/4z77khfs

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/52469
The risk of professional incompetence in employees of Azerbaijan Caspian shipping company: retrospective study
Authors: Gurbanova Mehri H. 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE. Estimate risk factors of professional competence on health grounds in employees of the Azerbaijan Caspian Shipping Company.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used materials of preventive medical examinations of 9904 ACSC employees and the conclusions of the medical and advisory commission for professional competence examination of persons for 2021. The commission recognized professional incompetence in 53 employees.
Statistical processing was carried out using a set of methods of qualitative feature analysis. The frequency of professional incompetence was set per 1000 examined, 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated at t=1,96. Statistical significance (critical value 0,05) of differences in the proportion of professional incompetence was estimated by χ² criteria.
RESULTS. The frequency of professional incompetence among ACSC employees was 5,4‰ (95% CI 4,9 - 5,8‰). The maximum value of the indicator was observed in workers of “Zigh” Shipyard (8,2‰; 95% CI 6,5 - 10,0‰), basic services of ACSC did not differ significantly from each other in the frequency of professional incompetence cases. Professional incompetence was established among seamen (14,7‰), motormen (11,6‰), mechanics (6,0‰), boatswains (4,1‰), captains (4,3‰), mates (3,7‰), locksmiths (13,9‰) and painters (16,5‰). The comparison against these groups in frequency of professional incompetence refutes the valid null hypothesis (р=0,045).
DISCUSSION. The criteria for the professional suitability of seafarers in Azerbaijan are identical to those in the Russian Federation; the frequency of professional unfitness identified during periodic medical examinations of seafarers in the Sakhalin region was 9.0 ± 2.1 ‰ (2011–2016). The indicator in ACSC (5.4 ± 0.7 ‰) is noticeably lower, but the difference between these indicators is statistically insignificant. The nosological structure of the causes of professional unsuitability of seamen in the Sakhalin region and ACSC is similar: the share of diseases of the circulatory system is 55.5% and 60.4%, respectively, blood 5.5% and 5.7%, injuries 5.5% and 5.7% almost the same. The share of musculoskeletal diseases is 2 times less among the causes of professional incompetence in ACSC.
CONCLUSIONS. Significant risk factors of professional incompetence on health grounds are age (45 years) and work experience (20 years). The work of locksmiths, painters, seamen, motormen and mechanics compared to the work of captains, boatswain and mates creates significantly higher risks for pathology, provoking professional incompetence, the main causes of which are circulatory system diseases.
Синантропні епіфітні бріоценози м. Ужгорода (Закарпатська область, Україна) та його околиць
Authors: Гапон Світлана , Гапон Юрій , Кривцова Марина , Гасинець Ярослава 
Published: February 2024

The moss vegetation of urban ecosystems in Ukraine has not been studied enough. The study of the bryophyte vegetation of the Transcarpathian lowland is still at the initial stage. The aim of the study was to identify the main features of the structure of synanthropic bryophyte vegetation in the city of Uzhhorod. In the course of the research, generally accepted methods of floristic classification of communities were used, and the classification scheme of vegetation was built taking into account the prodromus of bryophyte vegetation of Ukraine [12]. As a result of the original research of the moss cover of Uzhhorod and its environs, it was found that the epiphytic vegetation is formed by synanthropic bryocenoses belonging to two classes, two orders, four unions and six associations. The basis of the epiphytic moss vegetation in the urban ecosystem of Uzhhorod is formed by associations of the class Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis, order Orthotrichetalia, unions: Ulotion crispae (associations: Orthotrichetum pallentis, Orthotrichetum speciosi, Pylaisietum polyantae), Syntrichion laevipilae (Orthotrichetum fallacis), Leskion polycarpae (Leskeetum polycarpae). The communities of the class Cladonio digitatae-Lepidozietea reptantis, order Brachythecietalia rutabulo-salebrosi, union Bryo capillaris-Brachythecion rutabuli (Brachythecio salebrosi-Amblystegietum juratzkanii) occur mainly in the basal part of forophyte trunks and on their protruding roots. A brief ecological description of each syntaxon is given and their comparative analysis with the known syntaxons of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and a number of cities of the Left Bank Dnipro River is made. The bryocenoses identified by us within Uzhhorod and its environs occupy an intermediate position between the corresponding syntaxes of natural ecosystems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and the urban ecosystems of the Left Bank Dnipro River basin by almost all criteria (number of species in the community, area of the community, etc.). Such a comparison is correct because the natural conditions of the Transcarpathian lowland are defined as identical to the Forest-Steppe zone.