bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Large Ensemble Analysis of the Influence of Tropical SSTs on Seasonal Atmospheric Variability
Authors: Peng Peitao , Kumar Arun 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Based on a 40-member ensemble for the January–March (JFM) seasonal mean for the 1980–2000 period using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), interannual variability in the first and second moments of probability density function (PDF) of atmospheric seasonal means with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is analyzed. Based on the strength of the SST anomaly in the Niño-3.4 index region, the years between 1980 and 2000 were additionally categorized into five separate bins extending from strong cold to strong warm El Niño events. This procedure further enhances the size of the ensemble for each SST category. All the AGCM simulations were forced with the observed SSTs, and different ensemble members for specified SST boundary forcing were initiated from different atmospheric initial conditions.
The main focus of this analysis is on the changes in the seasonal mean and the internal variability of tropical rainfall and extratropical 200-mb heights with SSTs. For the tropical rainfall, results indicate that in the equatorial tropical Pacific, internal variability of the tropical rainfall anomaly decreases (increases) for the La Niña (El Niño) events. On the other hand, seasonal mean variability of extratropical 200-mb height decreases for the El Niño events. Although there is increase in the seasonal mean variability of 200-mb heights for the La Niña events, results are rather inclusive. Analysis also indicates that for the variables studied, the influence of the interannual variability in SSTs is much stronger on the first moment of seasonal means compared to their influence on the internal variability. As a consequence, seasonal predictability due to changes in SSTs can be attributed primarily to the shift in the PDFs of the seasonal atmospheric means and less to changes in their spread.
Modes of internal variability for 200-mb extratropical seasonal mean heights for different SST categories are also analyzed. The dominant mode of internal variability has little dependence on the tropical SST forcing, while larger influence on the second mode of internal variability is found. For SST forcing changing from a La Niña to El Niño state, the spatial pattern of the second mode shifts eastward. For the cold events, the spatial patterns bear more resemblance to the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern, while for the warm events, it more resembles the tropical–North Hemispheric (TNH) pattern. Change in the spatial pattern of this mode from strong cold to a strong warm event resembles the change in the spatial pattern of response in the mean state.
Atlantic Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction: A Stochastic Climate Model–Based Diagnosis
Authors: Mosedale Timothy J. , Stephenson David B. , Collins Matthew 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A simple linear stochastic climate model of extratropical wintertime ocean–atmosphere coupling is used to diagnose the daily interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere in a fully coupled general circulation model. Monte Carlo simulations with the simple model show that the influence of the ocean on the atmosphere can be difficult to estimate, being biased low even with multiple decades of daily data. Despite this, fitting the simple model to the surface air temperature and sea surface temperature data from the complex general circulation model reveals an ocean-to-atmosphere influence in the northeastern Atlantic. Furthermore, the simple model is used to demonstrate that the ocean in this region greatly enhances the autocorrelation in overlying lower-tropospheric temperatures at lags from a few days to many months.
Trends in Total Precipitation and Frequency of Daily Precipitation Extremes over China
Authors: Zhai Panmao , Zhang Xuebin , Wan Hui , Pan Xiaohua 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Based on a newly developed daily precipitation dataset of 740 stations in China and more robust trend detection techniques, trends in annual and seasonal total precipitation and in extreme daily precipitation, defined as those larger than its 95th percentile for the year, summer, and winter half years, have been assessed for the period 1951–2000. Possible links between changes in total precipitation and frequency of extremes have also been explored. The results indicate that there is little trend in total precipitation for China as a whole, but there are distinctive regional and seasonal patterns of trends. Annual total precipitation has significantly decreased over southern northeast China, north China, and over the Sichuan Basin but significantly increased in western China, the Yangtze River valley, and the southeastern coast. In western China, precipitation increase has been observed for both cold and warm seasons. However, trends differ from one season to another in eastern China. Spring precipitation has increased in southern northeast China and north China but decreased significantly in the midreach of the Yangzte River. The summer precipitation trend is very similar to that of annual totals. Autumn precipitation has generally decreased throughout eastern China. In winter, precipitation has significantly decreased over the northern part of eastern China but increased in the south. The number of rain days has significantly decreased throughout most parts of China with northwest China being an exception. Meanwhile, precipitation intensity has significantly increased. This suggests that the precipitation increase in western China is due to the increase in both precipitation frequency and intensity. In eastern China, the impact of reduced number of rain days seems to be more dominant in the north while the influence of enhanced intensity prevails in the south. Over regions with increasing precipitation trends, there have been much higher than normal frequency of precipitation extreme events. For example, significant increases in extreme precipitation have been found in western China, in the mid–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and in parts of the southwest and south China coastal area. A significant decrease in extremes is observed in north China and the Sichuan Basin. Trends in the number of extremes and total precipitation from nonextreme events are generally in phase. An exception is southwest China where an increase of extreme events is associated with a decrease in total nonextreme precipitation.
Mechanism of the Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation: Insights from a Zonally Symmetric Model*
Authors: Drbohlav Hae-Kyung Lee , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The propagation and initiation mechanisms of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in the south Asian summer monsoon are examined with a zonally symmetric atmospheric model. In the axially symmetric model the effects of zonally propagating atmospheric waves are intentionally excluded. The model specifies mean flows and depicts the lowest baroclinic mode and a barotropic mode in the free troposphere. The two vertical modes are coupled by the time-mean vertical wind shear. The model atmosphere produces a 15–20-day oscillation, which is characterized by northward propagation of convection from south of the equator to the Indian monsoon trough region and a reinitiation of convection in the region between 10°S and the equator.
The northward propagation in the model is produced by the free troposphere barotropic divergence, which leads convection by about a quarter of a cycle. The vertical advection of summer-mean easterly vertical wind shear by perturbation vertical motion inside the convective region induces barotropic divergence (convergence) to the north (south) of convection. This barotropic divergence triggers the moisture convergence in the boundary layer to the north of convection, causing the northward propagation of precipitation.
The development of convection in the Southern Hemisphere near the equator is also produced by the development of the barotropic divergence in the free troposphere. When the BSISO convection is located in the Indian monsoon trough region, it creates Hadley-type anomalous circulation. This Hadley-type circulation interacts with the monsoon flow through the meridional and vertical advections creating anomalous barotropic divergence and boundary layer convergence.
Analysis of sequence variability in the CART gene in relation to obesity in a Caucasian population
Authors: Guérardel Audrey , Barat-Houari Mouna , Vasseur Francis , Dina Christian , Vatin Vincent , Clément Karine , Eberlé Delphine , Vasseur-Delannoy Valérie , Bell Christopher G , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Helbecque Nicole , Potoczna Natascha , Horber Fritz F , Boutin Philippe , Froguel Philippe 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is an anorectic neuropeptide located principally in hypothalamus. CART has been shown to be involved in control of feeding behavior, but a direct relationship with obesity has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polymorphisms within the CART gene with regards to a possible association with obesity in a Caucasian population.

Results
Screening of the entire gene as well as a 3.7 kb region of 5' upstream sequence revealed 31 SNPs and 3 rare variants ; 14 of which were subsequently genotyped in 292 French morbidly obese subjects and 368 controls. Haplotype analysis suggested an association with obesity which was found to be mainly due to SNP-3608T>C (rs7379701) (p = 0.009). Genotyping additional cases and controls also of European Caucasian origin supported further this possible association between the CART SNP -3608T>C T allele and obesity (global p-value = 0.0005). Functional studies also suggested that the SNP -3608T>C could modulate nuclear protein binding.

Conclusion
CART SNP -3608T>C may possibly contribute to the genetic risk for obesity in the Caucasian population. However confirmation of the importance of the role of the CART gene in energy homeostasis and obesity will require investigation and replication in further populations.
The establishment of the Chiropractic & Osteopathic College of Australasia in Queensland (1996–2002)
Authors: Walker Bruce F 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIntroductionFor chiropractors and osteopaths after graduation, the learning process continues by way of experience and continuing education (CE). The provision of CE and other vocational services in Queensland between 1996 and 2002 is the subject of this paper.MethodsThe Chiropractic & Osteopathic College of Australasia (COCA) implemented a plan, which involved continuing education, with speakers from a broad variety of health provider areas; and the introduction of the concepts of evidence-based practice. The plan also involved building membership.ResultsMembership of COCA in Queensland grew from 3 in June 1996 to 167 in 2002. There were a total of 25 COCA symposia in the same period. Evidence-based health care was introduced and attendees were generally satisfied with the conferences.DiscussionThe development of a vocational body (COCA) for chiropractors and osteopaths in Queensland was achieved. Registrants in the field have supported an organisation that concentrates on the vocational aspects of their practice.
Synthetic lethal analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans posterior embryonic patterning genes identifies conserved genetic interactions
Authors: Baugh L Ryan , Wen Joanne C , Hill Andrew A , Slonim Donna K , Brown Eugene L , Hunter Craig P 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPhenotypic robustness is evidenced when single-gene mutations do not result in an obvious phenotype. It has been suggested that such phenotypic stability results from 'buffering' activities of homologous genes as well as non-homologous genes acting in parallel pathways. One approach to characterizing mechanisms of phenotypic robustness is to identify genetic interactions, specifically, double mutants where buffering is compromised. To identify interactions among genes implicated in posterior patterning of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, we measured synthetic lethality following RNA interference of 22 genes in 15 mutant strains. A pair of homologous T-box transcription factors (tbx-8 and tbx-9) is found to interact in both C. elegans and C. briggsae, indicating that their compensatory function is conserved. Furthermore, a muscle module is defined by transitive interactions between the MyoD homolog hlh-1, another basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, hnd-1, and the MADS-box transcription factor unc-120. Genetic interactions within a homologous set of genes involved in vertebrate myogenesis indicate broad conservation of the muscle module and suggest that other genetic modules identified in C. elegans will be conserved.
Koordinatenfreies Lokationsbewusstsein (Localization without Coordinates)
Authors: Fekete Sándor P. , Kröller Alexander , Buschmann Carsten , Fischer Stefan , Pfisterer Dennis 
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung
Eines der fundamentalen Probleme in Sensornetzwerken besteht darin, ein Bewusstsein für die Position eines Knotens im Netz zu entwickeln. Dabei wird fast immer davon ausgegangen, dass dies durch die Zuweisung von Koordinaten zu erfolgen hat. In diesem Artikel wird auf theoretischer, praktischer und simulativer Ebene ein kritischer Blick auf entsprechende Verfahren geworfen, und es werden Grenzen aufgezeigt. Es wird ein Ansatz vorgestellt, mit dem in der Zukunft eine abstrakte Form von Lokationsbewusstsein etabliert werden kann, und es wird gezeigt, wie Anwendungen davon massiv profitieren können. Er basiert auf einer graphenbasierten Modellierung des Netzes: Knoten mit bestimmten topologischen oder Umwelteigenschaften werden zu Clustern zusammengefasst, und Clusternachbarschaften dann als Graphen modelliert.
Exile and the Other in Two Short Stories by Elena Garro
Authors: Hurley Teresa M. 
Published: April 2005

This article explores how in two short stories, ‘La primera vez que me vi’ (The First Time I Saw Myself) and ‘El niño perdido’ (The Lost Child), Elena Garro draws on several discourses, contrasting the official one of the status quo (in post-revolutionary Mexico) with the alternative discourses of those who find themselves on the margins of society or in exile and hence in the position of ‘Other’. The article also focuses on the way the marginalization of the female protagonists of the stories in some ways reflects that experienced by the author at a certain point in her life.
Este artículo explora cómo en los dos cuentos, ‘La primera vez que me vi’ y ‘El niño perdido’, Elena Garro utiliza varios discursos para contrastar la voz oficial del statu quo (del México pos-revolucionario) con los discursos alternativos de los que se encuentran en los márgenes de la sociedad o en el exilio y, por ende, en la situación de ‘Otro’. El artículo también se centra en la forma en que la marginación de las protagonistas de los cuentos refleja, en ciertos aspectos, la de de la misma autora en algún momento de su vida.
La modernidad contendida. Estado, comunidades rurales y capitalismo en la posrevolución
Authors: Carpinteiro Francisco Javier Gómez 
Published: April 2005

Este trabajo aborda las interrelaciones entre la formación del Estado nacional posrevolucionario, la modernización capitalista y la activación de comunidades políticas rurales en el suroeste de Puebla. El estudio pone de relieve la participación de William O. Jenkins, un industrial norteamericano, en tales procesos. También se analizan las consecuencias del poder regional principalmente en la construcción de categorías políticas y liderazgos, todo esto dentro de conflictos por la lucha y la defensa de tierra y agua.This essay takes up the interrelationships between the formation of the national postrevolutionary state, capitalist modernization and the activation of rural political communities in southeast Puebla. The study emphasizes the participation of William O. Jenkins, a North American industrialist, in those processes. It also analyzes the consequences for regional power, mainly in the construction of political categories and leaderships, all this in the context of conflicts surrounding the struggle for and defense of land and water.
A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid
Authors: Delinsky Amy D. , Bruckner James V. , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTrichloroethylene (TCE) and some of its metabolites are potentially carcinogenic compounds that the general population is commonly exposed to in drinking water. Concentrations of TCE, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) given to laboratory animals in cancer bioassays are high, whereas drinking water levels of the compounds are very low. It is not clear whether the trace amounts of TCE, DCA and TCA in drinking water pose a cancer risk to humans. The accuracy of pharmacokinetic studies relies on the analytical method from which blood and tissue concentration data are obtained. Models that extrapolate cancer risks of TCE and its metabolites from laboratory animals to humans, in turn, rely on the results of pharmacokinetic studies. Therefore, it is essential to have reliable analytical methods for the analysis of TCE and its metabolites. This paper reviews the methods currently in the literature for the analysis of TCE, DCA, TCA and, to a lesser extent, chloral hydrate (CH). Additional aspects of analytical methods such as method validation, species preservation and future directions in the analysis of TCE and its metabolites are also discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triphenylphosphine‐2,4,4,6‐tetrabromo‐2,5‐cyclohexadienone Complex as a Reagent for Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Bromides.
Authors: Matveeva E. D. , Podrugina T. A. , Sandakova N. G. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of (E)‐1,1,2‐Triarylethenes: Novel Inhibitors of the Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) Isozyme.
Authors: Uddin Md. Jashim , Rao P. N. Praveen , McDonald Robert , Knaus Edward E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Convenient Synthesis of Novel 3‐(Heterocyclylsulfonyl)propanoic Acids and Their Amide Derivatives.
Authors: Dorogov Mikhail V. , Filimonov Sergey I. , Kobylinsky Dmitry B. , Ivanovsky Sergey A. , Korikov Pavel V. , Soloviev Mikhail Y. , Khahina Maria Y. , Shalygina Elena E. , Kravchenko Dmitry V. , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted, Strapped Porphyrin to Prepare Stable Alkyl‐Chain‐Assisted Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Porphyrin Conjugates.
Authors: Ikeda Taichi , Asakawa Masumi , Miyake Koji , Shimizu Toshimi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Synthetic Approach of N‐(4‐Amino‐2‐methylquinolin‐6‐yl)‐2‐(4‐ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide (JTC‐801) and Its Analogues and Their Pharmacological Evaluation as Nociceptin Receptor (NOP) Antagonists.
Authors: Sestili Isabella , Borioni Anna , Mustazza Carlo , Rodomonte Andrea , Turchetto Luciana , Sbraccia Maria , Riitano Daniela , Del Giudice Maria Rosaria 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected Formation of 1,2‐Dihydro‐2‐azolyl‐ and ‐azinylisoquinolines by the Reduction of the Corresponding Isoquinolinium Salts with Sodium Borohydride in Methanol.
Authors: Prauda Ibolya , Toth‐Lauritz Maria , Reiter Jozsef 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical and Ecotoxicological Guidelines for Managing Disposal of Dredged Material
Authors: DelValls T. A. , Andres A. , Belzunce M. J. , Buceta J. L. , Casado‐Martinez M. C. , Castro R. , Riba I. , Viguri J. R. , Blasco J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of meso,meso‐Linked Oligoporphyrin Rods with Appended Fullerene Terminals
Authors: Armaroli Nicola , Accorsi Gianluca , Song Fayi , Palkar Amit , Echegoyen Luis , Bonifazi Davide , Diederich François 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe electrochemical and photophysical properties of molecular architectures consisting of oligomeric meso,meso‐linked oligoporphyrin rods linked at both extremities to methanofullerene moieties are presented in comparison to those of model systems. Cyclic voltammetry data evidence the presence of a strong intramolecular electronic coupling along the porphyrin oligomers that varies slightly with their length. This interaction affects the redox potentials of both fullerene and porphyrin moieties. The electronic coupling between the two chromophores is confirmed by comparing the redox potentials of porphyrin arrays before and after attachment of the carbon sphere. Electronic absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra of the porphyrin oligomers in toluene are reported, which provide the energy of the lowest singlet and triplet electronic excited states. In the fullerene–porphyrin conjugates, ground‐state charge‐transfer (CT) interactions are evidenced by low‐energy absorption features above 750 nm. These systems also exhibit near‐infrared (NIR) CT luminescence in toluene with lifetimes shorter than 1000 ps. On increasing the solvent polarity (from toluene to Et2O and THF), CT emissions become progressively weaker, red‐shifted, and shorter lived, which reflects the energy‐gap law and Marcus inverted region effects. Luminescence is not detected in benzonitrile. Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of the porphyrin–fullerene conjugates allows detection of the porphyrin cation as a clear fingerprint for electron transfer. The rate of charge recombination is in agreement with CT luminescence lifetimes, which confirms the occurrence of NIR radiative back‐electron transfer.
Possible Pathways of CVD Processes Leading to III–V Semiconductors via a Two‐Dimensional Growth
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: April 2005

AbstractQuantum‐chemical calculations were carried out to shed more light upon possible first intermediates formed during chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes leading to III–V semiconductors. Information about possible structures of intermediates and about thermodynamic properties in dependence of the temperature were collected. Because some of the systems calculated herein contain a substantial number of atoms (up to 144), it is limited to intermediates on the way to solid AlN. According to our suggestion, the first intermediates are species with the overall formula AlNH2, Al2N2H4, Al3N3H6, Al5N5H8, Al7N7H, and Al9N9H, Al12N12H12. In further calculations the growth of a second layer, on top of the first layer, which is modelled by the Al12N12H12 cluster, is simulated. The Al12N12H12 “surface” offers two places for the attachment of an Al3N3H6 ring. At temperatures of 1000 K, the ΔG value for this attachment is only slightly negative, which suggests that the molecules can move relatively freely on the surface. This might be of importance for a defect‐free growth process. Up to four layers are built on top of the first Al12N12H12 layer leading to Al24N24H24 (two layers), Al36N36H36 (three layers) and Al48N48H48 (four layers). The structures are compared with that of solid AlN in its most stable Wurzit‐type structure.