bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface
Authors: Miles Sarah M. , Gestler Ron , Dworatzek Sandra M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to human activity and, to a lesser extent, natural processes, petroleum hydrocarbons continue to pollute the environment. These contaminants of concern can be found globally and their remediation is key to restoring affected sites to safe and functional status. Conventional treatment of sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons relies heavily on remediation approaches that are often financially prohibitive or may be technically impractical and that sometimes produce undesirable by-products. Using microbes that occur in nature (if not always at the site), can be a viable treatment with distinct advantages. Understanding the environment, contaminants, and natural biological processes occurring are key aspects for effective application of remediation techniques that rely on biological processes. Whether by stimulating the native microbial community, or, secondarily, by augmenting the native community with known degrader populations to degrade the target compounds, bioremediation is a practical, effective, and sustainable natural solution to a wide array of contamination around the globe. This chapter explores approaches to bioremediation of both soil and groundwater contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, describing how the approaches work and the benefits and challenges associated with them. It focuses on the use of aerobic and anaerobic microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation to address petroleum hydrocarbons.
Estimating LNAPL Volumes in Unimodal and Multimodal Subsurface Pore Systems
Authors: Alfaro Soto Miguel A. , van Genuchten Martinus Th. , Lenhard Robert J. , Chang Hung K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we compare modeling approaches for determining the specific volume of light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) in the subsurface on top of the water-saturated zone following spills or leaks at or near the soil surface. We employ both unimodal and multimodal pore-size capillary pressure–saturation functions in our predictions. Hydrologic properties, both fluid properties and pore-size distribution, are important for accurate predictions. Before presenting our results, we discuss fluid interfacial tensions, fluid wettability, and pore structures. Data from the literature are used in our calculations to show that the use of multimodal unsaturated soil hydraulic properties can lead to significantly different subsurface LNAPL-specific volume predictions compared to when unimodal formulations are used. The differences can be significant even when the capillary pressure–saturation curves appear similar over the capillary pressure range relevant to the hypothetical LNAPL contamination scenarios. Consequently, the multimodal pore structure of porous media needs to be addressed to avoid potentially erroneous estimates of the resources and time needed to remediate LNAPLs from contaminated areas.
Petroleum Vapor Intrusion
Authors: Verginelli Iason 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPetroleum vapor intrusion (PVI) is the process by which volatile petroleum hydrocarbons released from contaminated geological materials or groundwater migrate through the vadose zone into overlying buildings. PVI science showed that petroleum hydrocarbons are subjected to natural attenuation processes in the source zone and during the vapor transport through the vadose zone. Specifically, in the presence of oxygen, aerobic biodegradation typically reduces or eliminates the potential for PVI. This behavior justifies the different approach usually adopted for addressing PVI compared to less biodegradable compounds such as chlorinated solvents. In some countries, it was introduced the concept of vertical exclusion distance criteria, i.e., source to building distances above which PVI does not normally pose a concern. For buildings where the vertical separation distance does not meet screening criteria, additional assessment of the potential for PVI is necessary. These further investigations can be based on modeling of vapor intrusion, soil gas sampling, indoor measurements or preferably a combination of these to derive multiple lines of evidence. The data collected are then used for a risk assessment of the vapor intrusion pathway. This chapter provides an overview of state-of-the-science methodologies, models, benefits and drawbacks of current approaches, and recommendations for improvement.
Endophyte Inoculation Enhances Growth, Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activity of Endostemon obtusifolius Grown Under Drought Stress
Authors: Ogbe Abdulazeez A. , Gupta Shubhpriya , Stirk Wendy A. , Finnie Jeffrey F. , van Staden Johannes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is a need to cultivate medicinal plants to meet the growing demand. Their cultivation is hampered by extreme environmental conditions such as drought that affect plant growth and its pharmacological potential. Application of stress-tolerant endophytic species may potentially attenuate these negative impacts. This study assessed the effects of individual and co-inoculation of two native endophytic species (bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa and fungus Fusarium oxysporum) on growth, physiological responses, metabolite accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of Endostemon obtusifolius subjected to varying watering regimes (well watered, mild and severe stress) under greenhouse conditions. Drought stress negatively affected root and shoot biomass, carotenoid content, chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content in E. obtusifolius. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation increased with drought stress. Individual and co-inoculation endophyte treatments significantly improved growth and stress tolerance mechanisms via increased osmolyte production (soluble sugars, proline), up-regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase) and increased antioxidant metabolite content (total phenolics, flavonoids). Antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP) and in vitro α-glucosidase activity of ethyl acetate leaf extracts were negatively affected by water stress but significantly improved when plantlets were subjected to endophyte inoculation. The most active extracts were from plants subjected to mild water stress with co-inoculation. Thus severe drought stress negatively affected growth and therapeutic efficacy of E. obtusifolius. Inoculation with beneficial endophytes enhanced the biochemical responses, osmoregulatory network and improved the therapeutic efficacy of E. obtusifolius.
The role of intraoperative swab during appendectomy in patients with uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis
Authors: Bancke Laverde Bruno Leonardo , Maak Matthias , Langheinrich Melanie , Kersting Stephan , Denz Axel , Krautz Christian , Weber Georg F. , Grützmann Robert , Brunner Maximilian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Bacteria play an important role not only in pathogenesis of appendicitis but also in the postoperative course of patients. However, the usefulness of an intraoperative swab during appendectomy is controversial. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of intraoperative swab during appendectomy on the postoperative outcome in patients with uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on a consecutive series of 1570 adult patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis at the University Hospital Erlangen between 2010 and 2020. Data regarding the intraoperative swab were collected and analyzed for the entire cohort as well as for patients with uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis.

Results
An intraoperative swab was taken in 29% of the cohort. The bacterial isolation rate in the obtained intraoperative swabs was 51%, with a significantly higher rate observed in patients with complicated appendicitis compared to those with uncomplicated appendicitis (79% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). The presence of a positive swab was significantly associated with worse postoperative outcomes, including higher morbidity, increased need for re-surgery, and longer hospital stay, when compared to patients without a swab or with a negative swab. A positive swab was an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity (OR 9.9 (95% CI 1.2–81.9), p = 0.034) and the need for adjustment of postoperative antibiotic therapy (OR 8.8 (95% CI 1.1–72.5), p = 0.043). However, a positive swab resulted in postoperative antibiotic therapy adjustment in only 8% of the patients with bacterial isolation in the swab.

Conclusion
The analysis of swab samples obtained during appendectomy for acute appendicitis can help identify patients at a higher risk of a worse postoperative outcome. However, the frequency of antibiotic regime changes based on the swab analysis is low.
Ultra-processed foods, adiposity and risk of head and neck cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study: a mediation analysis
Authors: Morales-Berstein Fernanda , Biessy Carine , Viallon Vivian , Goncalves-Soares Ana , Casagrande Corinne , Hémon Bertrand , Kliemann Nathalie , Cairat Manon , Blanco Lopez Jessica , Al Nahas Aline , Chang Kiara , Vamos Eszter , Rauber Fernanda , Bertazzi Levy Renata , Barbosa Cunha Diana , Jakszyn Paula , Ferrari Pietro , Vineis Paolo , Masala Giovanna , Catalano Alberto , Sonestedt Emily , Borné Yan , Katzke Verena , Bajracharya Rashmita , Agnoli Claudia , Guevara Marcela , Heath Alicia , Radoï Loredana , Mancini Francesca , Weiderpass Elisabete , Huerta José María , Sánchez María-José , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Schulze Matthias B. , Skeie Guri , Lukic Marko , Braaten Tonje , Gunter Marc , Millett Christopher , Agudo Antonio , Brennan Paul , Borges M. Carolina , Richmond Rebecca C. , Richardson Tom G. , Davey Smith George , Relton Caroline L. , Huybrechts Inge ,   on behalf of the EPIC Network
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the role of adiposity in the associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and head and neck cancer (HNC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Methods
Our study included 450,111 EPIC participants. We used Cox regressions to investigate the associations between the consumption of UPFs and HNC and OAC risk. A mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in these associations. In sensitivity analyses, we investigated accidental death as a negative control outcome.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 14.13 ± 3.98 years, 910 and 215 participants developed HNC and OAC, respectively. A 10% g/d higher consumption of UPFs was associated with an increased risk of HNC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.34) and OAC (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.47). WHR mediated 5% (95% CI 3–10%) of the association between the consumption of UPFs and HNC risk, while BMI and WHR, respectively, mediated 13% (95% CI 6–53%) and 15% (95% CI 8–72%) of the association between the consumption of UPFs and OAC risk. UPF consumption was positively associated with accidental death in the negative control analysis.

Conclusions
We reaffirmed that higher UPF consumption is associated with greater risk of HNC and OAC in EPIC. The proportion mediated via adiposity was small. Further research is required to investigate other mechanisms that may be at play (if there is indeed any causal effect of UPF consumption on these cancers).
Hearing impairment after asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy: a Norwegian population-based study
Authors: Hemmingsen Dagny , Moster Dag , Engdahl Bo , Klingenberg Claus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between perinatal asphyxia, neonatal encephalopathy, and childhood hearing impairment. This is a population-based study including all Norwegian infants born ≥ 36 weeks gestation between 1999 and 2014 and alive at 2 years (n = 866,232). Data was linked from five national health registries with follow-up through 2019. Perinatal asphyxia was defined as need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and an Apgar 5-min score of 4–6 (moderate) or 0–3 (severe). We coined infants with seizures and an Apgar 5-min score < 7 as neonatal encephalopathy with seizures. Infants who received therapeutic hypothermia were considered to have moderate-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The reference group for comparisons were non-admitted infants with Apgar 5-min score ≥ 7. We used logistic regression models and present data as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The aOR for hearing impairment was increased in all infants admitted to NICU: moderate asphyxia aOR 2.2 (95% CI 1.7–2.9), severe asphyxia aOR 5.2 (95% CI 3.6–7.5), neonatal encephalopathy with seizures aOR 7.0 (95% CI 2.6–19.0), and moderate-severe HIE aOR 10.7 (95% CI 5.3–22.0). However, non-admitted infants with Apgar 5-min scores < 7 did not have increased OR of hearing impairment. The aOR for hearing impairment for individual Apgar 5-min scores in NICU infants increased with decreasing Apgar scores and was 13.6 (95% CI 5.9–31.3) when the score was 0. Conclusions: An Apgar 5-min score < 7 in combination with NICU admission is an independent risk factor for hearing impairment. Children with moderate-severe HIE had the highest risk for hearing impairment.

What is Known:• Perinatal asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy are associated with an increased risk of hearing impairment.• The strength of the association, and how other co-morbidities affect the risk of hearing impairment, is poorly defined.

What is New:• Among neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), decreased Apgar 5-min scores, and increased severity of neonatal encephalopathy, were associated with a gradual rise in risk of hearing impairment.• Neonates with an Apgar 5-min score 7, but without NICU admission, did not have an increased risk of hearing impairment.
No difference between using short and long intervals for distributed proficiency-based laparoscopy simulator training: a randomized trial
Authors: Tang Diana Hai Yen , Østdal Theresa Bruun , Vamadevan Anishan , Konge Lars , Houlind Kim , Stadeager Morten , Bjerrum Flemming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Simulation-based training is increasingly used to acquire basic laparoscopic skills. Multiple factors can influence training, e.g., distributed practice is superior to massed practice in terms of efficiency. However, the optimal interval between training sessions is unclear. The objective of this trial was to investigate if shorter intervals between sessions are more efficient than longer intervals during proficiency-based laparoscopy simulator training.

Methods
A randomized simulation-based trial where medical students (n = 39) were randomized to proficiency-based training with either 1–2 days (intervention group) or 6–8 days (control group) between training sessions. Both groups practiced a series of basic tasks and a procedural module until proficiency level on the LapSim® simulator. Both groups were given instructor feedback upon request. After reaching proficiency, participants were invited back for a retention test 3–5 weeks later and practiced the same tasks to proficiency again.

Results
The mean time to reach proficiency during training was 291 (SD 89) and 299 (SD 89) min in the intervention and control group, respectively (p = 0.81). During the retention test, the mean time to reach proficiency was 94 (SD 53) and 96 (SD 39) minutes in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p = 0.91).

Conclusion
We found no difference whether practicing with shorter intervals or longer intervals between training sessions when examining time to proficiency or retention.
Code verification of immersed boundary techniques using the method of manufactured solutions
Authors: Petö Márton , Gorji Mahan , Duvigneau Fabian , Düster Alexander , Juhre Daniel , Eisenträger Sascha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCode verification plays a crucial role for all finite element applications, especially for non-standard ones, such as immersed boundary approaches, which are typically based on novel algorithms and often error-prone in-house implementations. Instead of relying on rarely available analytical solutions or overkill FEM simulations, in this article, the capabilities of the method of manufactured solutions (MoMS) are explored, enabling an easy and straightforward derivation of closed-form reference solutions. The focus is kept on immersed problems, in particular, on the finite cell method (FCM), and manufactured solutions are derived for 2D and 3D problems involving voids and single/multiple inclusions. We propose several approaches for the construction of the manufactured solutions, where zero traction conditions for void regions and continuous normal stresses along material interfaces are directly fulfilled. Thus, no weak boundary conditions are required for reproducing the manufactured solution via FCM. This not only enables code verification for FCM implementations that lack the option of applying weak boundary conditions, but also keeps the simulation complexity low, when testing other relevant features, e.g., different integration schemes or the implementation of enrichment functions. The flexibility and wide application range of the MoMS in the context of immersed boundary simulations is demonstrated using static, quasi-static, and transient problems in the context of linear elasticity. Finally, the analytical derivations of the manufactured solutions used in this paper are provided as supplementary material.
Psychisch belastete Jugend?
Authors: Haselgruber Alexander , Weindl Dina , Sandra Schröter , Rusinek Monika , Maletzky Anna , Singer Verena , Zajec Karin , Noske Judith 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit Beginn der Covid-19 Pandemie wurde eine deutliche Zunahme der psychischen Belastung in der Allgemeinbevölkerung, besonders bei Kindern und Jugendlichen verzeichnet. Eine entsprechende Bedarfserhöhung an kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer (KJP) Versorgung wurde berichtet. Zur Abbildung des gegenwärtigen Versorgungsbedarfs und der Akuität der Versorgungslage wurde erstmals für das Einzugsgebiet der KJPP Hinterbrühl (Industrieviertel und nördliches Burgenland) eine systematische Evaluation aller vorstellig gewordenen Patient:innen durchgeführt.

Methode
Von 1. Oktober 2022 bis 30. April 2023 wurden N = 714 Vorstellungen von tendenziell jugendlichen (Alter; M = 14,54, SD = 2,67) und weiblichen Patient:innen (63,0 %) verzeichnet. Die Einschätzung erfolgte durch Expert:innen mittels eines entwickelten Erhebungsinstruments. Auswertungen erfolgten über χ2-Tests, Korrelationsanalysen, Cohens Kappa, Mann-Whitney-U-Tests und logistische Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Durchschnittlich erfolgten monatlich 104 Vorstellungen, davon 60,4 % akut, 66,8 % mit Selbst- oder Fremdgefährdung. 38,0 % aller Patient:innen wurden aufgenommen. Bei 63,5 % spielte Suizidalität eine Rolle. Weibliche Patientinnen wiesen häufiger F3-, F5- und F6-Diagnosen, sowie Selbstgefährdung und Suizidalität auf. Jugendliche waren häufiger selbstgefährdend und akut vorstellig und wurden häufiger aufgenommen. Die Vorstellung mit Einsatzkräften (OR = 2,41) und höhere Suizidalität nach Experteneinschätzung (OR = 3,90) erhöhten die Aufnahmechance signifikant.

Diskussion
In Österreich lässt sich seit der Covid-19 Pandemie eine Zunahme des KJP Versorgungsbedarfs mit einer markanten Verschiebung des Auftrags in den akutpsychiatrischen Bereich beobachten. Korrespondierend und übereinstimmend mit Vergleichsdaten anderer KJPs, zeigte sich an der KJPP Hinterbrühl ein konstant hohes Ausmaß an Vorstellungen, proportionalen Akutvorstellungen und stationären Aufnahmeraten. KJP Abteilungen müssen durch entsprechende Mittel und Personalversorgung befähigt werden, dieser anhaltenden Aus- und Belastung mittel- und langfristig standhalten zu können.
Comparing non-biodegradable plastic with environmentally friendly natural fibre composite on car front bumpers design
Authors: Sidde Sai Kiran , Cheung Wai Ming , Leung Pak Sing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Production of plastic is growing, and plastics are used in a variety of products. However, plastics are not biodegradable and do not decompose easily. To overcome the problems in decomposition of plastics, the use of a specific type of natural fibre composite (NFC) material for front-bumper in cars is considered in this investigation. NFCs have the advantages of being environmentally friendly, light weight and high strength. The use of jute fibre is adopted for the design of a car front bumper and compared with the plastic bumper through Finite Element Analysis. The aim is to identify their performances in terms of impact energy, strength and resilience. The results show that when both materials were simulated under the same impact force, jute fibre has a lower equivalent stress with 177.1 MPa compare with 293.18 MPa on plastic material. This finding indicates that jute fibre has greater yield limit and more resilient to fracture. The simulation result also shows that jute fibre has a higher equivalent stress of 65.55 MPa on the front bumper compare with a lower equivalent stress of 39.94 MPa on plastic. This suggests that plastic material will yield soon when an impact force is higher. The total deformation after the same impact force in jute fibre is 2.1 mm, which is significantly less than the deformation in plastic with 11.7 mm. Therefore, this research concludes that jute fibre can potentially replace plastic as a green composite material application to minimise environmental damages.

Graphical abstract
The 24-h profile of the DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is associated with age, TNF-α, and waist circumference in healthy adults
Authors: Arkenberg Per , Dittmar Manuela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is unknown how the DNA repair enzyme OGG1 relates to healthy aging in humans, in particular to inflammaging, that is associated with increased levels of TNF-α. This study aimed (1) to investigate how 24-h profiles for OGG1 change during healthy aging and (2) to analyze the relationship of OGG1 with TNF-α, central body fat, cortisol and oxidative DNA/RNA damage. In a cross-sectional study in 20 healthy older and 20 young women, salivary levels of OGG1, TNF-α, cortisol and oxidative DNA/RNA damage were quantified by ELISAs every 4 h for a 24-h period. Trunk circumferences were taken as measures of central body fat. Older women, compared to young women, exhibited significantly lower protein levels of OGG1 throughout the whole 24-h period, a 2.5 times lower 24-h mean level for OGG1 (P < 0.00001) and loss of 24-h variation of OGG1. Both age groups demonstrated significant 24-h variation for TNF-alpha, cortisol and oxidative damage. The 24-h mean level for TNF-α was more than twice as high in older compared to young women (P = 0.011). Regression analysis detected that age, TNF-α and waist circumference were negative significant predictors of OGG1, explaining 56% of variance of OGG1 (P < 0.00001), while levels of cortisol and oxidative damage were no predictors of OGG1. Results indicate a strong decrease of protein levels of OGG1 and a loss of 24-h variation during natural cellular aging. The negative relationship, found between OGG1 and TNF-α and between OGG1 and waist circumference, suggests involvement of proinflammatory processes in DNA repair.