bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JTE‐522, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, interferes with the growth of lung metastases from colorectal cancer in rats due to inhibition of neovascularization: A vascular cast model study
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Gonda Tsuyoshi , Uetake Hiroyuki , Higuchi Tetsuro , Enomoto Masayuki , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe lung is a frequent site of metastasis from colorectal cancer, but angiogenesis of lung metastases has not been clarified. Some COX‐2 inhibitors prevent tumor growth, although the inhibitory mechanism at the metastatic site is obscure. We investigated the microvascular structure of small lung metastases and the effect of JTE‐522, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, on the angiogenesis of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer in rats. The tail veins of 25 male F344/DuCrj rats, aged 5 weeks, were injected with a tumor suspension containing 5 × 106 RCN‐9, a rat colon cancer cell line. Three weeks later, pulmonary vascular resin corrosion casts were taken and the vascularity of metastases was studied using stereo and scanning electron microscopes. We investigated the effect of 0, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day of JTE‐522 on the angiogenesis of pulmonary metastases in 3 groups of 5 male rats out of 25. JTE‐522 reduced the diameter of tumor vessels as well as the number and size of metastatic tumors. The diameter of tumor vessels and the size of lung metastases significantly and positively correlated with neovascularization in the control group, but not in the JTE‐522‐treated groups. JTE‐522 also affected type of vasculature of metastases, which differed depending on their size. JTE‐522 interfered with the growth of hematogenous metastatic tumors by disrupting neovascularization. However, JTE‐522 may have some important mechanisms other than inhibition of neovascularization. JTE‐522 may be one of the therapeutic agents for the treatment of hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the nucleoside‐derived drug transporters hCNT1, hENT1 and hENT2 in gynecologic tumors
Authors: Farré Xavier , Guillén‐Gómez Elena , Sánchez Lydia , Hardisson David , Plaza Yolanda , Lloberas Jorge , Casado F. Javier , Palacios José , Pastor‐Anglada Marçal 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDeoxynucleoside analogs are used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. Their transport across the plasma membrane may determine their cytotoxicity and thus nucleoside transporter (NT) expression patterns may be of clinical relevance. Lack of appropriate antibodies for use in paraffin‐embedded biopsies has been a bottleneck to undertake high‐throughput analysis of NT expression in solid tumors. Here we report the characterization of 2 new antibodies raised against the low‐affinity equilibrative NTs, hENT1 and hENT2, suitable for that purpose. These 2 antisera, along with a previously characterized antibody that specifically recognizes the high‐affinity Na‐dependent concentrative NT, hCNT1, have been used to analyze, using a tissue array approach, NT expression in gynecologic cancers (90 ovarian, 80 endometrial and 118 uterine cervix carcinomas). Human CNT1 was not detected in 33% and 39% of the ovarian and uterine cervix carcinomas, respectively, whereas hENT1 and hENT2 expression was significantly retained in a high percentage of tumors (91% and 96% for hENT1, 84% and 98% for hENT2, in ovarian and cervix carcinomas, respectively). Only a few endometrial carcinomas (15%) were found to be negative for hCNT1, but they all retained hENT1 and hENT2 expression. In ovarian cancer, the loss of all 3 NT proteins was a more common event in the clear cell histologic subtype than in the serous, mucinous and endometrioid histotypes. In uterine cervix tumors, the loss of expression of hCNT1 was significantly associated with the adenocarcinoma subtype. In summary, hCNT1 was by far the isoform whose expression was most frequently reduced or lost in the 3 types of gynecologic tumors analyzed. Moreover, NT expression is related to the type of gynecologic tumor and its specific subtype, hCNT1 protein loss being highly correlated with poor prognosis histotypes. Since hCNT1, hENT1 and hENT2 recognize fluoropyrimidines as substrates, but with different affinities, this study anticipates high variability in drug uptake efficiency in solid tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of tissue factor by RNA interference in human melanoma LOX‐L cells reduces pulmonary metastasis in nude mice
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Wang Mengyu , Amarzguioui Mohammed , Liu Fang , Fodstad Øystein , Prydz Hans 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTissue factor (TF) is the membrane receptor of the serine protease coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa). Formation of the TF/FVIIa complex initiates the coagulation cascade. We used short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated RNA interference to knock down TF expression in the human metastatic melanoma cell line LOX‐L. After transfection with the shRNA construct, 3 stable clones with significantly downregulated TF expression were established. They exhibited decreased proliferation in vitro as determined by 14C thymidine incorporation and soft agar assay. The in vivo metastatic potential was assessed in an experimental pulmonary metastasis model in which cells from different clones were injected into the tail vein of nude mice. The incidence of pulmonary tumors was significantly lower in mice receiving shRNA‐expressing cells (33% ± 15%) than in control mice injected with wild‐type cells or cells stably transfected with empty expression vector (90% ± 10%). The mice injected with TF‐downregulated cells had markedly longer survival time (69 ± 17 days) compared to the control mice (35.6 ± 5 days; p = 0.03). Thus, reduction of TF levels in LOX‐L cells significantly delayed and reduced lung tumor formation. As a first step in elucidating the molecular basis for this effect, we compared the global gene expression profile in TF‐downregulated cells and control cells by using cDNA microarray analysis. Forty‐four known human genes were found to be significantly upregulated (> 2‐fold; p < 0.05) and 228 genes significantly downregulated (≥ 3‐fold; p < 0.05) in TF‐downregulated cells compared to control cells. The differentially expressed genes encode proteins functioning in transcription, translation, cell communication and cell growth/death. The results provide a basis for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of TF on the metastatic capacity of LOX‐L melanoma cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient use of nonequilibrium measurement to estimate free energy differences for molecular systems
Authors: Ytreberg F. Marty , Zuckerman Daniel M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA promising method for calculating free energy differences ΔF is to generate nonequilibrium data via “fast‐growth” simulations or by experiments—and then use Jarzynski's equality. However, a difficulty with using Jarzynski's equality is that ΔF estimates converge very slowly and unreliably due to the nonlinear nature of the calculation—thus requiring large, costly data sets. The purpose of the work presented here is to determine the best estimate for ΔF given a (finite) set of work values previously generated by simulation or experiment. Exploiting statistical properties of Jarzynski's equality, we present two fully automated analyses of nonequilibrium data from a toy model, and various simulated molecular systems. Both schemes remove at least several kBT of bias from ΔF estimates, compared to direct application of Jarzynski's equality, for modest sized data sets (100 work values), in all tested systems. Results from one of the new methods suggest that good estimates of ΔF can be obtained using 5–40‐fold less data than was previously possible. Extending previous work, the new results exploit the systematic behavior of bias due to finite sample size. A key innovation is better use of the more statistically reliable information available from the raw data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1749–1759, 2004
Immunophenotypic analysis of human articular chondrocytes: Changes in surface markers associated with cell expansion in monolayer culture
Authors: Diaz‐Romero Jose , Gaillard Jean Philippe , Grogan Shawn Patrick , Nesic Dobrila , Trub Thomas , Mainil‐Varlet Pierre 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCartilage tissue engineering relies on in vitro expansion of primary chondrocytes. Monolayer is the chosen culture model for chondrocyte expansion because in this system the proliferative capacity of chondrocytes is substantially higher compared to non‐adherent systems. However, human articular chondrocytes (HACs) cultured as monolayers undergo changes in phenotype and gene expression known as “dedifferentiation.” To gain a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the dedifferentiation process, our research focused on the characterization of the surface molecule phenotype of HACs in monolayer culture. Adult HACs were isolated by enzymatic digestion of cartilage samples obtained post‐mortem. HACs cultured in monolayer for different time periods were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of cell surface markers with a panel of 52 antibodies. Our results show that HACs express surface molecules belonging to different categories: integrins and other adhesion molecules (CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49e, CD49f, CD51/61, CD54, CD106, CD166, CD58, CD44), tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82, CD151), receptors (CD105, CD119, CD130, CD140a, CD221, CD95, CD120a, CD71, CD14), ectoenzymes (CD10, CD26), and other surface molecules (CD90, CD99). Moreover, differential expression of certain markers in monolayer culture was identified. Up‐regulation of markers on HACs regarded as distinctive for mesenchymal stem cells (CD10, CD90, CD105, CD166) during monolayer culture suggested that dedifferentiation leads to reversion to a primitive phenotype. This study contributes to the definition of HAC phenotype, and provides new potential markers to characterize chondrocyte differentiation stage in the context of tissue engineering applications. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Star coloring of graphs
Authors: Fertin Guillaume , Raspaud André , Reed Bruce 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA star coloring of an undirected graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G (i.e., no two neighbors are assigned the same color) such that any path of length 3 in G is not bicolored. The star chromatic number of an undirected graph G, denoted by χs(G), is the smallest integer k for which G admits a star coloring with k colors. In this paper, we give the exact value of the star chromatic number of different families of graphs such as trees, cycles, complete bipartite graphs, outerplanar graphs, and 2‐dimensional grids. We also study and give bounds for the star chromatic number of other families of graphs, such as planar graphs, hypercubes, d‐dimensional grids (d ≥ 3), d‐dimensional tori (d ≥ 2), graphs with bounded treewidth, and cubic graphs. We end this study by two asymptotic results, where we prove that, when d tends to infinity, (i) there exist graphs G of maximum degree d such that $\chi _s(G) = \Omega({d^{{3\over 2}}\backslash ({\rm log}\ {d})^{1\over 2}})$ and (ii) for any graph G of maximum degree d, $\chi _s(G) = O({d^{{3\over 2}}})$. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 163–182, 2004
Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. I. Extant taxa
Authors: Hutchinson John R. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractI used a simple mathematical model of the inverse dynamics of locomotion to estimate the minimum muscle masses required to maintain quasi‐static equilibrium about the four main limb joints at mid‐stance of fast running. Models of 10 extant taxa (a human, a kangaroo, two lizards, an alligator, and five birds) were analyzed in various bipedal poses to examine how anatomy, size, limb orientation, and other model parameters influence running ability. I examined how the muscle masses required for fast running compare to the muscle masses that are actually able to exert moments about the hip, knee, ankle, and toe joints, to see how support ability varies across the limb. I discuss the assumptions and limitations of the models, using sensitivity analysis to see how widely the results differed with feasible parameter input values. Even with a wide range of input values, the models validated the analysis procedure. Animals that are known to run bipedally were calculated as able to preserve quasi‐static equilibrium about their hindlimb joints at mid‐stance, whereas non‐bipedal runners (iguanas and alligators) were recognized as having too little muscle mass to run quickly in bipedal poses. Thus, this modeling approach should be reliable for reconstructing running ability in extinct bipeds such as nonavian dinosaurs. The models also elucidated how key features are important for bipedal running capacity, such as limb orientation, muscle moment arms, muscle fascicle lengths, and body size. None of the animals modeled had extensor muscle masses acting about any one joint that were 7% or more of their body mass, which provides a reasonable limit for how much muscle mass is normally apportioned within a limb to act about a particular joint. The models consistently showed that a key biomechanical limit on running ability is the capacity of ankle extensors to generate sufficiently large joint moments. Additionally, the analysis reveals how large ratite birds remain excellent runners despite their larger size; they have apomorphically large extensor muscles with relatively high effective mechanical advantage. Finally, I reconstructed the evolution of running ability in the clade Reptilia, showing that the ancestors of extant birds likely were quite capable runners, even though they had already reduced key hip extensors such as M. caudofemoralis longus. J. Morphol. 262:421–440, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional morphology of the reproductive system of Galathea intermedia (Decapoda: Anomura)
Authors: Kronenberger Katrin , Brandis Dirk , Türkay Michael , Storch Volker 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSpermatophore formation in Galathea intermedia begins in the proximal part of the vas deferens. The contents subsequently form a spermatophoric ribbon, the so‐called “secondary spermatophore,” in its distal part. A strongly muscular ductus ejaculatorius is present in the coxa of the fifth pereiopod which builds up pressure for the extrusion of the spermatophoric ribbon. After extrusion, the ribbon is caught by the first gonopod, while the second gonopod dissolves the matrix of the ribbon. During copulation the spermatophores are randomly placed on the sternum of the female, near the genital opening, by the fifth pereiopods of the male. Subsequent ovulation of the female via the genital opening, an active process accomplished through muscular activity, results in fertilization of the eggs by the exploding spermatophores. External intersexes are characterized by both male and female external sexual characters, but in all individuals only male gonads are present. No trace of a female reproductive system could be detected. Thus, these external intersexes are exclusively functional males. J. Morphol. 262:500–516, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of gait disorders in hospitalized neurological patients
Authors: Stolze Henning , Klebe Stephan , Baecker Christoph , Zechlin Christiane , Friege Lars , Pohle Sabine , Deuschl Günther 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe prevalence of gait disorders among neurological inpatients is unknown, although disturbed gait is a common symptom. Gait disorders often lead to loss of independence with restraints for the patients and caregivers and costs for the health system. We designed a prospective study and investigated all patients admitted to a neurological hospital during a 100‐day period for the presence of a gait disorder. Clinical investigation and several disease‐specific rating scales were carried out for 493 patients. In 60% of the patients, a disturbance of gait was diagnosed. Most frequent diagnoses were stroke (21%), Parkinson's disease (17%), and polyneuropathy (7%). Within these diagnoses, the rate of patients with disturbed gait was high in Parkinson's disease (93%), subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (85%), and motor neuron disease (83%). Advanced age, dementia, alcohol abuse, and treatment with antiepileptics, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, and chemotherapeutics were identified as risk factors for a gait disorder. A decline of cognitive function was accompanied by a reduction of walking speed. According to these results, gait disorders are among the most frequent symptoms in neurology. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
A GIAO/DFT study of 1H, 13C and 15N shieldings in amines and its relevance in conformational analysis
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe 1H, 13C and 15N absolute shieldings of 13 amines were calculated at the GIAO/B3LYP/6–311++G** level. For some compounds (ethylamine, piperidine and 1‐methylpiperidine) two conformations were calculated. The 13C and 15N data could be correctly correlated with experimental chemical shifts, allowing the conformation of 1‐methylpiperidine to be established. The 1H NMR absolute shieldings, although less well correlated with δ values, were used to account for the anisotropy effects of the N lone pair. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motor conduction studies for prognostic assessment of obstetrical plexopathy
Authors: Heise Carlos O. , Lorenzetti Lucilia , Marchese Antonio J. T. , Gherpelli José Luiz D. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractEarly prognostic assessment of obstetrical brachial plexopathies (OBP) would facilitate rational selection of infants for brachial plexus surgery. We performed bilateral motor nerve conduction studies (MNCS) of axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, and ulnar nerves in 33 babies (age 10–60 days) with OBP in order to compare the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). All babies were followed up until 6 months of age and the outcome was classified according to muscle strength and arm function. A CMAP amplitude reduction of more than 90%, compared to the unaffected side, predicted severe weakness of the corresponding root level (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that MNCS are a useful tool for very early prognostic assessment of OBP. Muscle Nerve 30: 451–455, 2004
Effects of exercise and steroid on skeletal muscle apoptosis in the mdx mouse
Authors: Lim Jeong‐Hoon , Kim Dai‐Youl , Bang Moon Suk 
Published: August 2004

AbstractReports concerning the influence of exercise loading and steroid administration on dystrophinopathy are inconsistent. To investigate the effect of muscle exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 15 control and 15 mdx mice, an animal model of DMD, were divided into free‐living (n = 6), exercise (n = 6), and immobilization (n = 3) groups. Free‐living and exercise groups were further divided into steroid‐treated and sham‐treated groups to evaluate the effect of steroid administration. We measured apoptotic changes by in situ DNA nick‐end labeling (TUNEL), DNA fragmentation assay, and Western blotting for Bcl‐2 and BAX. Apoptosis was most prominent in the sham‐treated exercise group, and it was significantly reduced in the steroid‐treated exercise group. The steroid‐treated free‐living group showed a higher rate of apoptotic change than the sham‐treated free‐living group. Apoptosis was minimized in the free‐living condition, whereas exercise loading and immobilization caused apoptotic change in this muscular dystrophy animal model. Steroid administration induced apoptosis in muscle of free‐living mice, but alleviated the apoptotic damage caused by exercise loading in mdx mice. These findings suggest that steroid administration may be effective in preventing a postexercise deterioration of skeletal muscle in animal models of DMD. Muscle Nerve 30: 456–462 2004
Collagen synthesis and degradation in polyneuropathy and myopathies
Authors: Ahtikoski Anne M. , Tuominen Hannu , Korpelainen Juha T. , Takala Timo E. S. , Oikarinen Aarne 
Published: August 2004

AbstractTo determine the mechanisms underlying the changes in collagen metabolism responsible for muscle fibrosis in patients with neuromuscular diseases, the synthesis and degradation of collagens was studied in muscles of patients with polyneuropathy and noninflammatory myopathies. The mRNA levels for type I, III, and IV collagens and immunohistochemical staining intensities for collagen propeptides and telopeptides were increased in polyneuropathy, suggesting enhanced synthesis of collagens. In myopathy, the mRNA levels were at the control level. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 mRNA level was increased in polyneuropathy, although the quantity of proMMP‐2 was not changed. An increase in type IV collagen concentration and proMMP‐9 expression was observed in polyneuropathy but not in myopathies. Our results suggest that intramuscular accumulation of type IV collagen occurs in polyneuropathy, possibly leading to thickening of the capillary and muscle fiber basement membranes. This may complicate the transportation of nutrients and cellular excreta between blood and muscle cells. Muscle Nerve, 2004
A universal method for structural static reanalysis of topological modifications
Authors: Chen Su Huan , Yang Zhi Jun 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a universal method, iterative combined approximation (iterative CA) approach, for structural static reanalysis of all types of topological modifications. The proposed procedure is basically an approximate two‐step method. First, the newly added degrees of freedom (DOFs) are assumed to be linked to the original DOFs of the modified structure by means of the Guyan reduction so as to obtain the condensed equation. Second, the displacements of the original DOFs of the modified structure are solved by using the iterative CA approach. And the displacements of the newly added DOFs resulting from topological modification can be recovered. Four numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the present approach. The results show that the proposed method is effective for structural static reanalysis of all types of the topological modifications and it is easy to implement on a computer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.