bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musical Futures and Music Technology in Mainstream Music Education
Authors: Hannan Fran , Ainscough Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is written by Fran Hannan and Martin Ainscough, the two current directors of Musical Futures. As a not-for-profit organisation, Musical Futures provides resources, training, and a community of practice with the aim of making music in schools relevant, engaging, and authentic. The ethos of Musical Futures is based upon the work of Lucy Green and her work around informal learning. Fran and Martin begin by reflecting upon their own experiences of music education as learners in order to unpick their own motivations and aspirations for the approaches advocated by Musical Futures and their use within schools. The core focus of the organisation remains centred around the exploration of a pedagogy that places young people at the heart of learning—focused on their music-making and their participatory learning. Musical Futures is student-centred and is about encouraging teachers to think about how their students learn and what they want to learn but most importantly how they learn, as individuals.
Power and Connection
Authors: Rawz  
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A compelling, strengths-based, and practice-oriented story that is intensely personal, but also relates to professional practice both as a service user and service provider; a perspective that recognises the multiple pathways to healing and youth well-being through engaging music provision—this chapter provides specific suggestions that provoke thought around strategic opportunities and identifies key stakeholders to engage for youth well-being. Rawz, a Hip Hop and spoken-word artist from Oxford, England, shares his personal story. We follow from his early experiences as an adolescent and teenager starting to explore creating music independently and at school, to his first forays into collaborating with other artists and sharing his music publicly, to his current career as a full-time freelance musician, poet, and mentor. Through this story we gain an insight into the early life of a young musician and see some of the multitude pitfalls, hypocrisies, and gaps in provision that lead many young artists to give up on the healing power of music and art before they have truly begun.
Becoming a Therapeutic Hip Hop Mentor
Authors: Manley Kiran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Becoming a Therapeutic Mentor explores the therapeutic use of Hip Hop as a culturally competent mental health intervention for use in partnership with marginalised communities. The chapter elevates and celebrates the cultural identity and lived experience of the author, who is a researcher, participant, and service-user. The goal is to help raise awareness of the depth and therapeutic potential of Hip Hop culture, and to promote culturally competent helping practices given the inequalities faced by Global Majority people in White Majority countries. It presents a picture of inequality within the United Kingdom through a bricolage of empirical research and autoethnographic writing based on the author’s MSc training in ‘Creative Writing for Therapeutic Purposes’ (CWTP).
Global Inclusion and Healing Through Therapeutic Beat Making
Authors: Gann Elliot , Crooke Alex H. D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of how community-driven Hip Hop practices can engage people across geographic and generational divides, by harnessing both the well-being benefits of Hip Hop practices, and the importance of community in Hip Hop culture more broadly. The chapter illustrates how organizations such as Today’s Future Sound work across settings to create global opportunities for healing through Hip Hop. By presenting the work of Today’s Future Sound (TFS), as well as the Therapeutic Beat Making (TBM) model, this chapter aims to provide a powerful example of how engaging with Hip Hop culture can lead to personal and community well-being. The chapter demonstrates the value of meeting communities where they are at—by connecting through a globally recognized artform—and actively providing opportunities to celebrate both individual and collective identity. The chapter also provides a sensory approach to engaging in the content—an example of what is possible in the arts and community well-being space through organic and integrated connection with members of the community itself. The examples provided also demonstrate the potential for culturally centered community-arts initiatives to foster connection across generational, cultural and geographical divides.
Evaluating Young People’s Voices in Spoken Word Popular Music Projects
Authors: Peter Beate 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with young people’s voices in spoken word popular music projects. It is argued that for projects that engage young people with and through music, it is important to consider their voice in all its iterations, which includes young people’s artistic voice. Using the concept of voice, this chapter shows how projects need to be designed in a way that captures young people’s voices throughout the project and includes the non-verbal (i.e., musical) dimensions of their voices as forms of communication. Such inclusion necessitates the creation of intersubjective meaning through the negotiation of hierarchies, knowledges, expertise, and agency. As a result of the negotiation process, the role of the researcher can be redefined. By acknowledging the different epistemologies of the project participants, impact beyond the anticipated outcomes can be uncovered. Focusing on participation as an inclusive method, young people should be included in the planning, delivery, and evaluation of projects. Given a certain flexibility and space within projects, unintended outcomes can be identified through and responded to by the young people themselves. This way, impact becomes a phenomenological variable and allows for various forms of data and types of analysis to be used for the evaluation of projects.
Introduction
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everyday life serves as the raw material for meaningful digital patterns, yet predictive data science is obscure to most people. Predictions can also be obscure to those who create them. Only a few executives understand the business models and fiscal priorities that determine what information is available for data scientists to analyze. The introduction demonstrates how large entities evolved to control the conditions of prediction and why digital solutions that fail to consider inherent political and commercial aspects of data production set the stage for harm and distrust. Governments, corporations, associations, universities, and other organizations have no moral obligation to provide a social good, especially outside their core mandate. Data science must begin to ask fundamental questions about power and possibilities within these institutional contexts.
Prologue
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A broad chain of custody moves information between sites of labor and capital, steadily building value to deliver complex data intelligence products. Behind every prediction stands a series of organizations, people, expertise, artifacts, technologies, standards, and practices. Data science may seem like a magic box, but predictions are high-processed materials. A proven approach to accountability in derivative products is traceability. This chapter introduces the prediction supply chain to emphasize the material, operational, economic, and intellectual conditions for interpreting data-driven insights. The layers of production that created the Australian government Robodebt algorithm reveal the compounded risks if problems at each stage of production go unmonitored. A focus on process recognizes five technical decision points: source, model, compare, optimize, and learn. A different series of choices at each stage could produce viable alternate results.
Optimize
Authors: Washington Anne L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fourth step of the prediction supply chain enacts priorities. Algorithms make choices efficiently using explicit or implicit concepts of precedence. Each prediction is optimized based on the importance of data, populations, comparisons, or values. Applying mathematical standards of consistency and perfection in human affairs can go awry. Because algorithmic optimization prioritizes specific populations and situations, unforeseen cases could spectacularly fail. An algorithm can overoptimize, meaning it focuses so much on one goal that it ignores other equally important goals not specifically articulated. Data science implemented over large systems at scale eventually must consider the secondary effects of optimized outcomes. Ethical data science is able to state the reasoning that drives choices and is aware of alternatives and trade-offs. This chapter encourages data science reasoning.
Introduction
Authors: McDonald Jared 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how some of the most high-profile election contests have ultimately centered on questions of the compassion and trustworthiness of the candidates involved. It not only makes the case for the importance of compassion as a determinant of voter choice, but it also demonstrates that perceptions of compassion are malleable and sensitive to campaign events. The chapter introduces the role of compassion in voter choice as a matter of self-interest: voters want leaders who will care for them. It further introduces and defines the concepts of sympathy and empathy, providing a rationale for why empathetic messages should be more effective than sympathetic ones for generating positive bonds between politicians and voters.
Our Country/Whose Country?
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of settler colonialism offers an invaluable lens to reframe early westerns and travel films as re-enactments of this country’s repressed past. The films stage a remarkable vision of white settlers’ westward expansion that reveals a transformation in what “American Progress” came to mean in three successive phases. The crucial shift for westerns occurred between the second and third phases, coinciding with the outbreak of the Great War. Two interconnected pathways structure this book. The primary path links five chapters devoted to early westerns. The second pathway links four “sidebars” that examine early travel films within the same conceptual frame and often form close links with westerns. Overall, the book aims to prod readers to confront the ideological foundations of “our” national cinema and to find new ways to argue for the incomparable significance of early westerns and travel films in American history. It also may provoke a teachable moment to answer this question: Who was and who still may be either included or excluded in the term our country?
Introduction
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Introduction establishes the framework for an original analysis of early westerns and travel films through the lens of settler colonialism. Its relative tenets include the concept of “Manifest Destiny” or “American Progress,” the shifting concept of the West as an “empty” landscape, and the reductive concepts of white, Indian, and Mexican races. This framework grounds the following argument: both kinds of films stage a remarkable vision of white settlers’ westward expansion across the North American continent, revealing a historical transformation in American culture. Two interconnected pathways structure the book. The primary path links five chapters devoted to westerns as often complicated and contradictory “white supremacy entertainments.” A crucial break occurs around 1914, in which westerns that feature male movie stars now offer new models of white masculinity, more or less coinciding with the outbreak of World War I. The second path links four sidebars, “Touring the West,” that analyze travel films, often having close links with westerns, that offer virtual tours, especially of national parks, in conjunction with the “See America First” movement. In short, the book aims to prod readers to return to the ideological foundations of our national cinema and find new ways to argue for the unique significance of early westerns as well as travel films in the history of American cinema.
Touring the West 2
Authors: Abel Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early 1910s, short travel films created tourist landscapes as quintessentially American spaces, encouraging movie audiences to accept the narrative of settler colonialism as the westward expansion through a “virgin wilderness” devoid of Indigenous peoples. Supporting the production of those tourist landscapes were the formation of national parks, a transcontinental railroad system, and modern corporate marketing. The See America First movement promoted this consumerist ideology of recreational tourism, especially in its goal of fomenting a national consciousness based on the mythic ideal of the West. While some films juxtaposed the “primitive” practices of Indigenous peoples to the “civilized” manufacturing by American companies, others invited movie audiences to experience cowboy life in the modern-day West.
Reframing the Monopoly Question
Authors: John Richard R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Richard John’s “Reframing the Monopoly Question: Commerce, Land, Industry” uncovers the main pillars of antimonopoly thought in the United States from the 1773 Boston Tea Party to the establishment of the Federal Trade Commission in 1914. John’s history challenges a conventional historiography of American antimonopolism centered on a movement from nineteenth-century producerism to twentieth-century consumerism. Instead, John unearths a more continuous tradition in the policy pronouncements of four antimonopoly visionaries—John Adams, who contested British commercial monopoly as an obstacle to national independence; William Leggett, who attacked legislatively mandated special privilege; Henry George, who opposed the private ownership of natural resources as a violation of natural rights; and Walter Lippmann, who deplored the wastefulness of the industrial corporation. Through the analysis of these four figures, John captures both the breadth and radicalism of historical antimonopolism, to which the ideals of national independence, natural rights, and public utility acted as a fulcrum.
De-Nazifying by De-Cartelizing
Authors: Crane Daniel A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1945, a group of zealous American trustbusters descended on the smoldering ruins of Germany, eager to identify and then nullify the culprits behind Hitler’s rise to power. Their eyes were fixed on the enormous industrial combines and cartel organizations that had sprung up in the German economy since the time of Bismarck, grown exponentially during the Weimar era, and then served as the economic infrastructure of the Third Reich. To the trustbusters in the Office of Military Government US (“OMGUS”) Decartelization Branch, the monopolies and trusts were the prime culprits and their elimination was of paramount importance to Germany’s peaceable future. The Decartelization project lasted until 1949 but functionally could claim only one major success—the dismemberment of the I.G. Farben chemical cartel. Scores of other industrial titans remained untouched, protected from dismantling by American generals and industrialists hostile to a radical trustbusting project for Germany. Nonetheless, it would be a mistake to count the Decartelization project an unmitigated failure. Although its immediate payoff in Germany may have been limited, its findings exerted a considerable effect in domestic American politics, including influencing the course of the Celler-Kefauver reforms of 1950 and the era of aggressive antitrust that followed. More generally, the Decartelization project created a rich store of information and analysis concerning the role that monopolies and cartels played in the rise of the Third Reich, and thus provides fertile information for ongoing inquiry into the relationship between extreme industrial concentration and the extreme concentration of political power.
From Market Power to State Capture
Authors: Sparrow James T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contrary to common wisdom, American antitrust politics did not decline steadily after WWII. Indeed it grew more powerful, attaining a crescendo by the early 1970s. Yet within less than a decade Reaganite conservatives would summarily dismantle it. How was this possible? The political economy and culture of World War II and the Cold War transformed who the antimonopolists were, and what they were fighting against. The populist-progressive coalition that had pioneered antimonopoly politics evolved into a liberal coalition of independent businesses, trade associations, and consumer welfare advocates. While this coalition notched major wins, notably the passage and enforcement of the Celler-Kefauver Anti-Merger Act of 1950, it abandoned a tight focus on market power—just as a massive wave of conglomerate mergers rose to evade the Act and bolster a conservative assault on antitrust. Without a focus on market power, antitrust quickly became an empty shell.
Beyond the Labor Exemption
Authors: Andrias Kate 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the labor movement and the antimonopoly movement both oppose concentrated economic power and bemoan rising inequality, their projects are frequently viewed as divergent, if not incompatible. According to the conventional account, the labor movement has historically lacked an affirmative antimonopoly agenda, instead focusing its demands on achieving a labor exemption to the antitrust laws. This chapter shows, however, that left-leaning industrial unions from the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century repeatedly and insistently used the language of antimonopoly to argue that private concentrations of economic power posed a grave threat to workers and to democracy. But labor’s vision differed from that of prominent antimonopolists. In labor’s view, the cure for monopoly power was not necessarily decentralization or smaller business organization. Rather, antimonopolism demanded that firms’ autonomy and power be democratically constrained by the firm’s workers and by a more democratic state. Ultimately, a commitment to antimonopolism meant a commitment to a more democratic political economy. .
Africa and the Normative Development of International Investment Law
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are at least three narratives that attempt to explicate the evolution, existing content, and character of international investment law. For purposes of this book, they are called the ideological school, the hierarchical school, and the doctrinal school. The first and more dominant view is the view of the Global North that traces the development and characterizes its content from a predominantly ideological standpoint. The second viewpoint employs a counterhegemonic prism in attempting to understand the conditions and the position of the Global South in the world’s historical economic hierarchy. The third characterizes the development of the law in the area as a pure function of the resolution of recurring doctrinal dilemmas. While most writings account for all three perspectives, no coherent set of scholarly work has yet persuasively linked the structural deficiencies and incoherence in the jurisprudence to particular defects in its origin. There are, however, attempts that could be classified into the categories indicated above. This chapter offers a detailed exposition of the various schools of thought.
Jurisdiction and the Meaning of Investment
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the leading ICSID cases dealing with the meaning of investment as it relates to the jurisdiction of the tribunal involved African states. This chapter profiles some of the pre-2010 leading cases, understands the positions taken by African states on these issues, measures the overall influence that they have had on the general jurisprudence, and discerns how much of the jurisprudence has informed Africa’s most contemporary treaty making and reform efforts. The pre-2010 cases show that some of the most important concepts such as the Salini factors emerged setting the stage for more sustained development in the jurisprudence of the meaning of investment as it relates to the question of what proprietary attributes that investment treaties as well as laws selected in contracts seek to protect.
The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the eight regional economic communities that the African Union has recognized is the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). COMESA is a fairly advanced full-fledged regional community that seeks to integrate the economies of 21 African countries in all areas of economic activity including trade and investment. It not only prescribes robust substantive rules in many areas it is also supported by institutional infrastructure including a court of justice. COMESA has a separate and elaborate Investment Agreement. This Agreement was signed in 2007. It has some indicias of an advanced investment regime. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the investment regime that the Agreement seeks to establish including the dispute settlement mechanism. It will also situate this community within the broader Pan-African investment regime context.
The Economic Community for West African States
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS) is a union of 15 West African countries. It is one of the eight RECs recognized by the African Union. It is a fairly advanced economic community with rules in many areas of economic activity supported by robust institutional mechanisms. ECOWAS has a comprehensive Supplementary Act on Investment that entered into force in January 2009. It is one of three RECs with robust investment related rules and institutions. This chapter examines the ECOWAS Supplementary Act and related instruments as a part of Africa’s international investment law regimes. It also highlights its remarkable contributions to the emerging Pan-African investment law regime.
The Southern Africa Development Community
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) is a community of 16 Southern African countries. It is one of the eight RECs recognized by the African Union. It is just like COMESA and ECOWAS more advanced than the others in many areas of economic integration. SADC was one of the first to herald innovative investment rules that have inspired subsequent developments in Africa including the Pan African Investment Code. SADCs most contemporary investment related rule is its Protocol on Finance and Investment. This Protocol entered into force in April 2010. This chapter offers a detailed analysis of this Protocol as it makes up a significant part of Africa’s international investment law regimes.
Intra-Africa BITs
Authors: Kidane Won L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Intra-Africa BITs are an even more recent phenomenon. They are modeled after the original Afro-European BITs and attempt to cover the same set of substantive norms and set forth similar dispute settlement processes. They do, however, contain their own specific variability in each instance. It is difficult to identify any particular purpose although there is an indication that even within Africa, in many instances, they tend to be concluded between parties with considerable disparity in the stage of development or the scale of the economic power. Some states with frequent BIT activity with other partners such as Egypt emerge as the key players here as well. This chapter traces the historical development of Intra-Africa BITs and evaluates the character of these BITs sporadically concluded in the various eras to the most contemporary.