bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoping review of HIV-related intersectional stigma among sexual and gender minorities in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dada Debbie , Abu-Ba’are Gamji R , Turner DeAnne , Mashoud Ibrahim Wunpini , Owusu-Dampare Francis , Apreku Amos , Ni Zhao , Djiadeu Pascal , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria , Zigah Edem Yaw , Nyhan Kate , Nyblade Laura , Nelson LaRon E 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesSexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and often face multiple HIV-related stigmas. Addressing these stigmas could reduce SGM HIV vulnerability but little is known about how the stigmas operate and intersect. Intersectional stigma offers a lens for understanding the experiences of stigmatised populations and refers to the synergistic negative health effects of various systems of oppression on individuals with multiple stigmatised identities, behaviours or conditions. This review aims to (1) assess how often and in what ways an intersectional lens is applied in HIV-related stigma research on SGM populations in SSA and (2) understand how intersectional stigma impacts HIV risk in these populations.DesignScoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews.Data sourcesPublic health and regional databases were searched in 2020 and 2022.Eligibility criteriaArticles in French and English on HIV-related stigma and HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women and/or transgender individuals in SSA.Data extraction and synthesisArticles were screened and extracted twice and categorised by use of an intersectional approach. Study designs and stigma types were described quantitatively and findings on intersectional stigma were thematically analysed.ResultsOf 173 articles on HIV-related stigma among SGM in SSA included in this review, 21 articles (12%) applied an intersectional lens. The most common intersectional stigmas investigated were HIV and same-sex attraction/behaviour stigma and HIV, same-sex attraction/behaviour and gender non-conformity stigma. Intersectional stigma drivers, facilitators and manifestations were identified across individual, interpersonal, institutional and societal socioecological levels. Intersectional stigma impacts HIV vulnerability by reducing HIV prevention and treatment service uptake, worsening mental health and increasing exposure to HIV risk factors.ConclusionIntersectional approaches are gaining traction in stigma research among SGM in SSA. Future research should prioritise quantitative and mixed methods investigations, diverse populations and intervention evaluation.
Overall survival of homebound patients without cancer receiving inpatient respite care in a hospital ward in Japan: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Miura Hisayuki , Goto Yuko 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of inpatient respite care and the overall survival of homebound patients without cancer admitted to a hospital ward in order to assess the potential impact of inpatient respite care on the duration of home care.DesignThis was a single-centre, hospital ward-based retrospective observational study.Setting and participantsFrom March 2011 to September 2018, 393 cancer-free older patients (median age, 84.0 years; 53.9% women) receiving continuous medical care at home through clinics were enrolled upon admission to a hospital ward.Primary outcome measuresContinuous cumulative survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method for two groups: inpatient respite care users and non-users. Additionally, prognostic factors associated with all-cause mortality were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThe Kaplan-Meier curves for inpatient respite care users without cancer admitted to the hospital ward demonstrated a longer median survival time than non-users. Subgroup analyses for patients with or without neurological disorders yielded similar results. The HR for inpatient respite care use, after adjusting for age, sex and other confounding variables, was 0.480 (95% CI: 0.328 to 0.703, p<0.001).ConclusionsHomebound patients without cancer receiving inpatient respite care during the study period in Japan demonstrated higher overall survival than those who did not receive respite care. Subgroup analysis of patients with neurological disorders yielded similar results. Further studies are needed to investigate the benefits of inpatient respite care, including the exploration of appropriate methods for its use.
Physician and nurse well-being, patient safety and recommendations for interventions: cross-sectional survey in hospitals in six European countries
Authors: Aiken Linda H , Sermeus Walter , McKee Martin , Lasater Karen B , Sloane Douglas , Pogue Colleen A , Kohnen Dorothea , Dello Simon , Maier Claudia B Bettina , Drennan Jonathan , McHugh Matthew D 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the well-being of physicians and nurses in hospital practice in Europe, and to identify interventions that hold promise for reducing adverse clinician outcomes and improving patient safety.DesignBaseline cross-sectional survey of 2187 physicians and 6643 nurses practicing in 64 hospitals in six European countries participating in the EU-funded Magnet4Europe intervention to improve clinicians’ well-being.SettingAcute general hospitals with 150 or more beds in six European countries: Belgium, England, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Norway.ParticipantsPhysicians and nurses with direct patient contact working in adult medical and surgical inpatient units, including intensive care and emergency departments.Main outcome measuresBurnout, job dissatisfaction, physical and mental health, intent to leave job, quality of care and patient safety and interventions clinicians believe would improve their well-being.ResultsPoor work/life balance (57% physicians, 40% nurses), intent to leave (29% physicians, 33% nurses) and high burnout (25% physicians, 26% nurses) were prevalent. Rates varied by hospitals within countries and between countries. Better work environments and staffing were associated with lower percentages of clinicians reporting unfavourable health indicators, quality of care and patient safety. The effect of a 1 IQR improvement in work environments was associated with 7.2% fewer physicians and 5.3% fewer nurses reporting high burnout, and 14.2% fewer physicians and 8.6% fewer nurses giving their hospital an unfavourable rating of quality of care. Improving nurse staffing levels (79% nurses) and reducing bureaucracy and red tape (44% physicians) were interventions clinicians reported would be most effective in improving their own well-being, whereas individual mental health interventions were less frequently prioritised.ConclusionsBurnout, mental health morbidities, job dissatisfaction and concerns about patient safety and care quality are prevalent among European hospital physicians and nurses. Interventions to improve hospital work environments and staffing are more important to clinicians than mental health interventions to improve personal resilience.
PERSIAN traffic safety and health cohort: a population-based precrash cohort study
Authors: Golestani Mina , Razzaghi Alireza , Rezaei Mehdi , Vahedi Leila , Pourasghar Faramarz , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Shafiee-kandjani Alireza , Meshkini Mohammad , Jahanjoo Fatemeh , Yazdani Mir Bahador , Davtalab Esmaeili Elham , Jafari-Khounigh Ali , Ahmadi Sajjad , Mohammadi Reza , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun 
Published: February 2024

PurposeDespite to high burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs), the RTI epidemiology has received less attention with rare investments on robust population cohorts. The PERSIAN Traffic Safety and Health Cohort (PTSHC) was designed to assess the potential causal relationships between human factors and RTI mortality, injuries, severity of the injury, hospitalised injury, violation of traffic law as well as offer the strongest scientific evidence.ParticipantsThe precrash cohort study is carried out in four cities of Tabriz, Jolfa, Shabestar and Osku in East Azerbaijan province located in northwest Iran. The participants were people who sampled among the general population. The cluster sampling method was used to enrol the households in this study. The PTSHC encompasses a wide and comprehensive range and types of data. These include not only the common cohort data collections such as medical examination measures, previous medical history, bio assays and behavioural assessments but also includes data obtained using advanced novel technologies, for example, electronic travel monitoring, driving simulation and neuro-psycho-physiologic laboratory assessments specifically developed for traffic health field.Findings to dateA total of 7200 participants aged 14 years and above were enrolled at baseline, nearly half of them being men. The mean age of participants was 39.2 (SD=19.9) years. The majority of participants (55.4%) belonged to the age group of 30–56 years. Currently, approximately 1 200 000 person-measurements have been collected.Future plansPSTHC will be used to determine the human-related risk factors by adjusting for the vehicle and land-use-related factors. Therefore, a lot of crashes can be prevented using effective interventions. Although this cohort provides valuable data, it is planned to increase its size to achieve the highest level of evidence with higher generalisability. Also, according to the national agreement this cohort is going to be extended to several geographical regions in second decade.
Outcomes following surgical interventions for hypothalamic hamartomas: protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Goel Keshav , Niazi Farbod , Chen Jia-Shu , Hadjinicolaou Aristides , Keezer Mark , Gallagher Anne , Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionHypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are deep-seated congenital lesions that typically lead to pharmacoresistant epilepsy and a catastrophic encephalopathic syndrome characterised by severe neuropsychological impairment and decline in quality of life. A variety of surgical approaches and technologies are available for the treatment of HH-related pharmacoresistant epilepsy. There remains, however, a paucity of literature directly comparing their relative efficacy and safety. This protocol aims to facilitate a systematic review and meta-analysis that will characterise and compare the probability of seizure freedom and relevant postoperative complications across different surgical techniques performed for the treatment of HH-related pharmacoresistant epilepsy.Methods and analysisThis protocol was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Individual Participant Data guidelines. Three major databases, PubMed, Embase and Scopus, will be systematically searched from database inception and without language restrictions for relevant articles using our predefined search strategy. Title–abstract and full text screening using inclusion and exclusion criteria created a priori will be performed by two independent reviewers to identify eligible articles. Conflicts will be resolved via discussion with a third team member. Following data extraction of both study-level and individual patient data (IPD), a study-level and IPD meta-analysis will be performed. Study-level analysis will focus on assessing the degree of heterogeneity in the data and quantifying overall seizure outcomes for each surgical technique. The IPD analysis will use multivariable regression to determine perioperative predictors of seizure freedom and complications that can guide patient and technique selection.Ethics and disseminationThis work will not require ethics approval as it will be solely based on previously published and available data. The results of this review will be shared via conference presentation and submission to peer-reviewed neurosurgical journals.PROSPERO registrationCRD42022378876.
Interventional embolisation for patients with cirrhosis and recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy related to spontaneous portosystemic shunts: protocol for a prospective, non-randomised controlled study
Authors: Ke Qiao , Lin Ting , Lei Xiaojuan , Weng Xiadi , He Jian , Huang Xinhui , Li Ling , Guo Wu-Hua 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe presence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) has been identified to be associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis. Nevertheless, the role of interventional embolisation in managing such patients remains poorly defined. Consequently, this prospective controlled study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of interventional embolisation as a therapeutic approach for patients with cirrhosis and recurrent or persistent HE related to SPSS.Methods and analysisCirrhotic patients diagnosed with recurrent or persistent HE associated with SPSS will be recruited for this study, and assigned to either the interventional embolisation group or the standard medical treatment group. The efficacy endpoints encompass the evaluation of postoperative alleviation of HE symptoms and the incidence of overt HE recurrence during the follow-up period, as well as the duration and frequency of hospitalisations for HE, alterations in liver function and volume, and overall survival. The safety endpoints encompass both immediate and long-term postoperative complications.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be conducted in strict adherence to the principles of good clinical practice and the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the trial has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University (2023_013_02). Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants by the treating physician for each patient prior to their enrolment. The documented informed consent forms will be retained as part of the clinical trial records for future reference. The study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300072189.
Intensive care unit interventions to promote sleep and circadian biology in reducing incident delirium: a scoping review
Authors: Wilcox M Elizabeth , Burry Lisa , Englesakis Marina , Coman Briar , Daou Marietou , van Haren Frank MP , Ely E Wes , Bosma Karen J , Knauert Melissa P 
Published: February 2024

Rationale/ObjectivesDespite plausible pathophysiological mechanisms, research is needed to confirm the relationship between sleep, circadian rhythm and delirium in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The objective of this review is to summarise existing studies promoting, in whole or in part, the normalisation of sleep and circadian biology and their impact on the incidence, prevalence, duration and/or severity of delirium in ICU.MethodsA sensitive search of electronic databases and conference proceedings was completed in March 2023. Inclusion criteria were English-language studies of any design that evaluated in-ICU non-pharmacological, pharmacological or mixed intervention strategies for promoting sleep or circadian biology and their association with delirium, as assessed at least daily. Data were extracted and independently verified.ResultsOf 7886 citations, we included 50 articles. Commonly evaluated interventions include care bundles (n=20), regulation or administration of light therapy (n=5), eye masks and/or earplugs (n=5), one nursing care-focused intervention and pharmacological intervention (eg, melatonin and ramelteon; n=19). The association between these interventions and incident delirium or severity of delirium was mixed. As multiple interventions were incorporated in included studies of care bundles and given that there was variable reporting of compliance with individual elements, identifying which components might have an impact on delirium is challenging.ConclusionsThis scoping review summarises the existing literature as it relates to ICU sleep and circadian disruption (SCD) and delirium in ICU. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of ICU SCD promotion interventions in delirium mitigation.
МОНІТОРИНГ АНТИБІОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ КОКОВОЇ МІКРОФЛОРИ, ВИДІЛЕНОЇ ВІД ХВОРИХ ІЗ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ ДИХАЛЬНИХ ШЛЯХІВ
Authors: Черкасова В. С. , Вовк О. О. , Коваленко Н. І. 
Published: February 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Інфекції дихальних шляхів (ІДШ) займають перше місце серед усіх захворювань населення України та є глобальною проблемою охорони здоров’я унаслідок їхньої значної поширеності серед працездатного населення, постійного прогресування, частого поєднання різної патології легень та обтяжливого впливу на супутні захворювання.
Мета – аналіз результатів мікробіологічного моніторингу антибіотикорезистентності кокової мікрофлори, виділеної від людей із бронхолегеневою патологією.
Матеріал і методи. У роботі використані результати дослідження мікроорганізмів, виділених від хворих із патологією дихальних шляхів, які знаходились на лікуванні у Центрі легеневого здоров’я м. Львова у 2022 році.
Результати. У роботі виявлено провідну роль стрепто- і стафілококів в етіологічній структурі бронхолегеневих захворювань. Найпоширенішими були S. pneumoniae та стрептококи групи В. Серед стафілококів переважали S. aureus, S. epidermidis та S. haemolyticus. Найчастіше стійкі бактерії виділялися до бензилпеніциліну (36–39 % стрептококів і 57–76 % стафілококів), тейкопланіну (45–49 % стрептококів і 41–65 % стафілококів) та левофлоксацину (51–63 % стрептококів).
З урахуванням частоти резистентних ізолятів та частоти споживання АМП найвищий показник АМР (0,2–0,3) стрептококів також був до левофлоксацину за рахунок високої частоти споживання – 0,4 та високих показників частоти резистентних ізолятів. Низький показник АМР стрептококів до тейкопланіну (0,0004) та бензилпеніциліну (0,0002–0,0003) – наслідок низької частоти споживання. Найвищий показник АМР у гемолітичного та епідермального стафілококів також був до левофлоксацину (0,1) за рахунок високої частоти споживання цього антимікробного препарату, а до бензилпеніциліну і тейкопланіну цей показник у стафілококів був низький (0,0004–0,0005) завдяки низькій частоті споживання бензилпеніциліну (0,0007) та тейкопланіну (0,0008).
Висновки. У результаті аналізу мікробіологічного моніторингу антибіотикорезистентності кокової мікрофлори, виділеної від людей із бронхолегеневою патологією, які перебували на лікуванні у Центрі легеневого здоров’я м. Львова у 2022 році, було зроблено такі висновки: найвищий показник АМР стрептококів був по відношенню до левофлоксацину за рахунок високої частоти споживання – 0,4 та високих показників частоти резистентних ізолятів: 0,63 та 0,51 у S. pneumoniae та Str. Group B відповідно. Низький показник АМР досліджуваних ізолятів до тейкопланіну та бензилпеніциліну – наслідок низької частоти споживання при високих показниках частоти резистентності.
CONNECTION BETWEEN COMORBID PRIMARY HEADACHE, DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Andriievska M. I. 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of central nervous system that affects young people and progresses to physical disability. Among patient with MS risk of excessive anxiety and depression is quite common. One of the frequent comorbidities of MS is primary comorbid headache. Depression and anxiety might be more prominent on patients with pain comorbidity of MS.
The aim – to show the prevalence and frequency of depression and anxiety in a population of patients with MS, with special attention to the group of patients with primary comorbid headache.
Material and Methods. MS was confirmed according to the McDonald criteria 2017. Questionnaires Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for assessment of depression and The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Hanin`s interpretation (STAI), version for evaluation of reactive anxiety were used.
Results. 130 patients with MS were examined with disease duration 8.63±7.49 years. 36.2 % of males (n=47) and 63.8 % of females (n=83) were included. Average score of patients with MS was 40.22±8.89 points that indicates moderate reactive anxiety. BDI score accounted for 14.15±7.58 points that interpretates as mild-to-moderate depression. Patients with MS and comorbid primary headache received the average points of the STAI in Hanin's interpretation – 42.41±7.49 (moderate anxiety); patients with MS without comorbid primary headache – 37.42±9.31 (low or moderate anxiety), but generally this difference did not show statistical significance (p=0.39). Among MS course scores of anxiety was similar between groups, depression score was the highest in group with primary progressive MS (PPMS).
Conclusion. The average score of anxiety and depression showed moderate severity among patients with MS. There were not found significance between patients with primary headache comorbidity and without it, although scores between course disease subgroups showed higher points in patients with comorbid primary headache.
ПОЄДНАНА ТРАВМА ВЕРХНЬОГО ПЛЕЧОВОГО ПОЯСУ ТА ГРУДНОЇ КЛІТКИ У ПОСТРАЖДАЛИХ В ДОРОЖНЬО-ТРАНСПОРТНІЙ ПРИГОДІ (КЛІНІКО-ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА)
Authors: Бабій М. П. , Цвях А. І. 
Published: February 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Робота присвячена дослідженню поширеності та характеру пошкоджень верхніх кінцівок та плечового пояса, поєднаних із травмою грудної клітки, в постраждалих унаслідок дорожньо-транспортних пригод.
Мета роботи – дослідження клініко-епідеміологічних та клініко-нозологічних особливостей пошкоджень верхніх кінцівок та плечового пояса в поєднанні з травмою грудної клітки у постраждалих унаслідок ДТП.
Матеріал і методи. Проведено ретельний огляд та аналіз даних постраждалих у дорожньо-транспортних пригодах. Основна увага була приділена пошкодженням верхніх кінцівок, особливо верхньої кінцівки та плечового пояса, які часто поєднуються з травмою грудної клітки.
Результати. Більшість досліджуваної вибірки складали особи працездатного віку, переважно чоловіки, кількість яких перевищувала кількість жінок (72,58 %). Обставини отримання травм залежать від статевих та вікових факторів. Найбільший відсоток причин травматизму серед жінок та чоловіків обумовлений травмою пішоходів (30,11 %) та велосипедистів (29,57 %).
Висновки. Дорожньо-транспортні пригоди залишаються значною проблемою для здоров’я в усьому світі. Чоловіки, особливо велосипедисти, водії та мотоциклісти, мають вищий ризик отримати серйозні травми. Складний взаємозв’язок поєднаних травм вимагає глибшого розуміння їх клінічних та епідеміологічних характеристик для розробки ефективних стратегій профілактики та лікування.