bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated blood‐mixing devices still fail to mix at low bleeding rates
Authors: De Korte D. , Veldman H. A. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesThe study evaluated mixing performance for various commercial blood‐mixing devices at different flow rates.Materials and MethodsA glycerol solution with a density equal to blood was pumped into a blood bag (mounted on a mixer) that contained 70 ml of Toluidin Blue in citrate–phosphate–dextrose (CPD). After 500 ml of glycerol solution had been pumped into the blood bag, the bag was emptied in fractions and the absorbance at 640 nm of each fraction (expressed as percentage of mixture absorbance) was plotted against the fraction number.ResultsAt a flow rate of 30 ml/min, the curves were very sigmoid, with high initial values that decreased during collection of the fractions. The absorbance values of the fractions collected later (after ≈ 250–300 ml) were 10–50% (i.e. percentage of absorbance for complete mixing) for the different mixers, indicating that the CPD solution was incompletely mixed with the incoming solution, resulting in a lower‐than‐expected ‘anticoagulant’ content for the fractions collected later. At a flow rate of 50 ml/min the mixing was improved, but only at 75 ml/min did all mixers show relatively good mixing. Manual mixing, by kneading the bag three times/min, gave at all rates an almost ideal mixing curve, 105% initially to 90% in the final fractions.ConclusionAt relatively high bleeding rates, all mixers performed well, although complete mixing was only obtained with manual kneading. However, most blood‐mixing devices still fail to mix efficiently at normal and low bleeding rates. Although the minimal degree of necessary mixing is unknown, further optimization of mixing devices seems warranted.
Two cases of immune haemolytic anaemia, associated with anti‐piperacillin, detected by the ‘immune complex’ method
Authors: Arndt P. A. , Garratty G. , Hill J. , Kasper M. , Chandrasekaran V. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives Sera containing antibodies to penicillin and penicillin‐related drugs are typically thought to react with drug‐coated red blood cells (RBCs) (drug adsorption method), but not when the sera are added to drug and RBCs in the same tube (‘immune complex’ method). Two cases of immune haemolytic anaemia caused by anti‐piperacillin have been previously described. Serological details were given in only one patient. In that subject, the antibody was immunoglobulin (Ig)M + IgG and reacted by both the drug adsorption and ‘immune complex’ methods.Materials and Methods Two patients with cystic fibrosis developed positive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) and haemolytic anaemia after 11–12 days of piperacillin therapy. Serological studies were performed with piperacillin, Zosyn (piperacillin + tazobactam) and penicillin by using the drug adsorption and ‘immune complex’ methods.Results The first patient's serum contained an IgG, complement‐activating anti‐piperacillin that reacted by the ‘immune complex’ method only. The second patient's IgM + IgG, complement‐activating anti‐piperacillin reacted by the ‘immune complex’ method and agglutinated piperacillin‐treated RBCs. An eluate from the patient's RBCs reacted weakly with all RBCs tested without the presence of drug. This patient had evidence of intravascular haemolysis and died.Conclusions We describe the third and fourth examples of immune haemolytic anaemia caused by anti‐piperacillin; one was associated with fatal haemolytic anaemia. As piperacillin is commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, anti‐piperacillin should be considered whenever patients with cystic fibrosis develop haemolytic anaemia and/or positive DATs.
Pharmaco‐economics of blood transfusion safety: review of the available evidence
Authors: Van Hulst M. , De Wolf J. T. M. , Staginnus U. , Ruitenberg E. J. , Postma M. J. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesPharmaco‐economics provides a standardized methodology for valid comparisons of interventions in different fields of health care. The role of pharmaco‐economics in the safety of blood and blood products has, however, been very limited to date. This review discusses the pharmaco‐economic evaluations of strategies to enhance blood product safety that have been published in the scientific literature.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed pharmaco‐economic methodology with special reference to cost‐effectiveness analysis. We searched the literature for cost‐effectiveness in blood product safety.ResultNet costs per quality adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained varied from cost‐saving for human immunodefiency virus (HIV)‐ and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody screening and leucoreduction to several million $US per QALY gained for solvent–detergent treatment of plasma, nucleic acid amplification testing and HIV p24 antigen testing.ConclusionsTo date the safety of blood transfusion has been largely determined by available technology, irrespective of pharmaco‐economics. Net costs up to several million $US per QALY gained were found for interventions implemented.
A second case of post‐transfusion purpura caused by HPA‐5a antibodies: successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Ziman A. , Klapper E. , Pepkowitz S. , Smith R. , Garratty G. , Goldfinger D. 
Published: March 2003

Post‐transfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia developing seven to 10 days following transfusion of platelet‐containing blood components, in a person who was previously sensitized via transfusion or pregnancy. Although most cases of PTP are caused by alloantibodies directed against HPA‐1a[(PlA1)], this case represents the second example of anti‐HPA‐5a‐associated PTP. A 61‐year‐old female was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and gastrointestinal bleeding and, after receiving six units of packed red cells over 5 days, developed PTP as a result of HPA‐5a [Br(b)] antibodies with severe thrombocytopenia (5000/µl). She was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), suggesting that this is a highly effective mode of treatment for PTP, regardless of the antibody implicated.
Bread dough toxicosis in dogs
Authors: Means Charlotte 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective: To provide information on the ingestion, and subsequent toxicity, of raw bread dough in dogs.Case summary: A report from the ASPCA animal poison control center (APCC) files of 3 cases of ingestion of raw bread dough by dogs. Clinical signs included vomiting, ataxia, blindness, hypothermia, and recumbency. All dogs were successfully treated for ethanol toxicosis.New information: Ingestion of bread dough can cause gastric obstruction, bloat, or ethanol toxicosis. The treatment of ethanol toxicosis, including decontamination, IV fluids, management of metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia is discussed. Yohimbine can be used in cases where the dog is comatose or has developed severe respiratory depression.
Contribution of White Clover Varieties in High‐Productivity Systems under Grazing and Cutting
Authors: Williams T. A. , Abberton M. T. , Evans D. R. , Thornley W. , Rhodes I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo medium leaf size varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown in mixture with a range of grass species and varieties in a field experiment conducted over 4 years. The clovers were grown singly or as a blend in swards with a tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) or tetraploid hybrids between these two species (Lolium x boucheanum Kunth). These grasses were also grown in monoculture. Swards were managed in a regime involving two periods of sheep grazing, two periods of cattle grazing and a silage cut in the same year for 4 years. The objectives of this experiment were 3‐fold: (1) to examine the yield and persistency of white clover in highly productive systems with modern perennial, hybrid and Italian ryegrasses; (2) to compare the performance of white clover varieties grown singly in mixture with grasses with their performance together as a blend, and (3) to examine the persistency of new Italian ryegrass varieties, exemplified by AberComo. The clover content of the sward remained high throughout the experiment, with a mean of 31 % overall. Differences in clover yield between plots were largely attributable to the effects of companion grasses. Total yields were very similar in plots containing different clover varieties and in plots where these varieties had been grown singly or as a blend. Grass yields in mixture were greater than those in monoculture but showed similar relative rankings. The diploid Italian ryegrass variety AberComo showed an unexpectedly high yield in the 4th year of the experiment. The implications of these results for strategies for productive, sustainable agriculture using modern white clover and ryegrass varieties are discussed.
Food, Feed, Fibre, Fuel and Industrial Products of the Future: Challenges and Opportunities. Understanding the Strategic Potential of Plant Genetic Engineering
Authors: Kern M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPlants and plant crops have always been, and will continue to be, of vital importance for humankind. They are an essential source of food, feed, raw materials, energy and pleasure. One of the main concerns in agriculture has always been to improve the quality of seed. Today, at the beginning of the 3rd Millennium, agriculture is confronted with a wide range of complex challenges. With diminishing availability of farming land, climatic changes and the threat of declining water resources, the task is to meet the growing demand for food, feed, fibre, fuel, industrial products and products based on ‘functional’ plants. Future‐oriented, knowledge‐based and added‐value agriculture will have to become reality. This will mean reduced use and redisposition of resources – in other words, ‘Do more with less!’ Within this context, the possibilities offered by efficiency developments in conventional seed breeding, supported by gene technology and plant genomic research, will improve the prospects of being able to use our limited natural resources to best effect in the 21st Century. The appropriate use and timely development of these important aspects will ensure sustainable production of food, feed, fibre, fuel and industrial products in the future.
Diurnal and Seasonal Light Transmission to Cowpea in Sorghum–Cowpea Intercrops in Mali
Authors: Gilbert R. A. , Heilman J. L. , Juo A. S. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTall cereal–short legume intercropping is ubiquitous in the semiarid tropics of West Africa, yet little is known regarding the dynamics of light interception in these systems. A field study was conducted in Cinzana, Mali, to characterize light transmission to cowpea in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]–cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] intercropping systems. Different sorghum–cowpea planting configurations were used to examine photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) incident on the cowpea. The 4‐m tall sorghum cultivar CSM 219E intercepted > 60 % of incoming PAR from 2 m height to harvest (50 days). Consequently, total seasonal PAR received by intercropped cowpea was 60–66 % that of the unshaded monocrop. Thirty‐minute averages of PAR transmitted around solar noon had poor agreement (R2=0.53) with fractional daily light interception and overestimated seasonal PAR received by cowpea by 17 % in the north–south row orientation used. Thirty‐minute averages at 1100 h (R2=0.93) and 1430 h (R2=0.91) had the closest correlation to diurnal average PAR incident on cowpea. This study indicates that tall guineense sorghum captures significant amounts of light at low leaf area index (LAI) (< 2.0). Row orientation, time of measurement, plant height and LAI should be considered in calculating light interception in these intercropping systems.
Including coefficients of inbreeding in BLUP evaluation and its effect on response to selection
Authors: Mehrabani‐Yeganeh H. , Gibson J. P. , Schaeffer L.R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryStochastic simulation was used to study the effect on selection response of accounting for inbreeding versus ignoring it in the construction of the inverse of the relationship matrix used in mixed model equations (MME) to obtain BLUP of breeding values. Three different heritabilities of 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 and two different family structures were used. Selection of replacement animals was based on best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) of breeding values using an animal model. Average inbreeding coefficients (F) were in the range of 0.4–0.5 after 11 generations of selection. Even with such high inbreeding levels, no significant differences in selection responses were found between accounting or ignoring F in MME construction over the range of heritabilities and family structures.
Reducing the effect of parent averages from animal solutions in mixed model equations
Authors: Wu L. , Schaeffer L. R. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySelection of animals based on their BLUP evaluations from an animal model results in animals that are closely related which leads to increased rates of inbreeding. The tendency for higher inbreeding rates is greater at low heritability values. Several attempts have been made to reduce the impact of parent average breeding values from animals evaluations in order to reduce inbreeding while not sacrificing genetic response. A method that modifies the rules for forming the inverse of the additive genetic relationship matrix for use in best linear unbiased estimation of breeding values via an animal model was developed. This method and several others were compared analytically and empirically, from the perspective of partitioning the animal solutions into contributions from the data, from progeny, and from the parent average. The ratio of genetic progress to average level of inbreeding showed that the modified relationship matrix method was superior to the other methods. Similar results could be obtained by using artificially high heritability in a usual BLUP analysis.
Breed differences and genetic parameters for melting point, marbling score and fatty acid composition of lot‐fed cattle
Authors: Malau‐Aduli A.E.O. , Edriss M. A. , Siebert B. D. , Bottema C. D. K. , Pitchford W. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFatty acid composition, marbling score and melting point data collected between 1994 and 1996 were analysed. The data were from the adipose tissue of 764 Angus, Belgian Blue, Hereford, Jersey, Limousin, South Devon and Wagyu crossbred cattle slaughtered after lot‐feeding at 500 days of age. The aim was to investigate sire‐breed differences and to estimate heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations. Significant breed differences were found: Jersey crosses had the highest marbling score and Belgian Blue crosses had the lowest. Limousin crosses had the highest melting point and Jersey crosses the lowest. South Devon crosses had the highest proportion of stearate and Jersey crosses the lowest. Desaturation indices in C16 and C18 fatty acids were highest in Jersey crosses and lowest in Limousin and South Devon crosses. In contrast, there were no breed differences in the proportions of palmitate, oleate, total saturated, total mono‐unsaturated fatty acids and elongation index. Heritability estimates of individual fatty acids and their summations, melting point and marbling were low to moderately low (0.05–0.27). Strong genetic correlations of melting point and desaturation index in C16 fatty acids (‐0.93), melting point and stearate (0.62), marbling and stearate (‐0.71) and marbling and desaturation index in C18 fatty acids (0.62) were observed. Phenotypic correlation were generally low. The results imply that fatty acids in the adipose tissue of lot‐fed cattle have a moderately low heritability, hence genetic progress might be slow.
Hydrolysis of phytic acid by intrinsic plant or supplemented microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) in the stomach and small intestine of minipigs fitted with re‐entrant cannulas
Authors: Rapp C. , Lantzsch H.‐J. , Drochner W. 
Published: March 2003

Hydrolysis of phytate in the stomach and the small intestine as influenced by intrinsic plant (wheat) and supplemented microbial phytase (A. niger) were investigated with six minipigs (40–50 kg initial BW) fitted with re‐entrant‐cannulas in the duodenum, 30 cm posterior to the pylorus (animals 1, 4, 5, and 6) and ileocecal re‐entrant cannulas, 5 cm prior the ileocecal junction (animals 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) diet 1, a corn‐based diet (43 U Phytase/kg DM); (2) diet 2, diet 1 supplemented with microbial phytase (818 U/kg DM) and (3) diet 3, a wheat‐based diet (1192 U/kg DM). At 0730 and 1930 per animal 350 g diet mixed with 1050 ml de‐ionized water were fed. Digesta were collected continuously and completely during 12 h after feeding.Duodenal recovery of dry matter and total phosphorus were 100% in the period between two feedings, irrespective of dietary treatment. In animals fed the wheat‐based diet, dry matter left the stomach faster (p < 0.05) during the first hour after feeding than in animals fed the corn‐based diets (41.3 vs. 31.0 and 25.8% of intake, respectively). Supplemented microbial phytase did not affect ileal dry matter digestibility of the corn‐based diet.In the first hour after feeding, phosphorus concentration of the duodenal digesta of animals fed corn‐based diets with or without supplemented microbial phytase (5.86, 6.19 mg total P/g DM) exceeded the dietary level considerably (4.30 and 4.21 mg total P/g DM) indicating a higher solubility of corn than wheat phosphorus in the stomach. Apparent ileal P absorption was higher (p < 0.05) in the wheat‐based diet (37.6%) and corn‐based diet supplemented with microbial phytase (34.3%) than in the unsupplemented corn‐based diet (17.6%).
Influence of dietary ß‐glucan on growth performance, lymphocyte proliferation, specific immune response and haptoglobin plasma concentrations in pigs
Authors: Hiss S. , Sauerwein H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryImmunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to anti‐microbial growth promoters in swine production. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of β‐1,3/1,6 glucans, i.e. of specific yeast cell wall components, on immune function and growth performance in pigs. After weaning at 4 weeks of age, 75 piglets were allocated to 3 different groups for 4 weeks, the diet was supplemented with 0, 0.015 or 0.03% of β‐glucan, respectively. All animals were vaccinated against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). After 4 weeks, average daily gains (ADG) of β‐glucan treated pigs were not different from the controls. Feed intake was tendentiously (p < 0.1) increased at 0.03%β‐glucan, without alteration of feed efficiency. Serum haptoglobin concentrations at the end of the 4 week treatment were increased in all groups when compared to the initial levels (p < 0.001), without differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Haptoglobin levels were inversely related to ADG. Lymphocyte proliferation indices were not different in control and treatment groups. Specific vaccination responses, as quantified by the PRRS antibody titres occurred in all animals, but no relation with β‐glucan feeding was observed. Our results indicate marginal benefits of β‐glucan supplements for growth performance and no effect on the immune parameters tested. The observed trend towards increased feed intake needs further elucidation.
Efficiency of amino acid utilization in the growing pig at suboptimal levels of intake: branched‐chain amino acids, histidine and phenylalanine + tyrosine
Authors: Heger J. , Van Phung T. , Křížová L. , Šustala M. , Šimeček K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFive balance experiments on growing pigs were carried out to study the marginal efficiency of utilization of isoleucine, leucine, valine, histidine and phenylalanine + tyrosine and to estimate their requirements for maintenance. Purified diets based on casein and crystalline amino acids as the sole source of N contained graded levels of each amino acid, corresponding to protein accretion rates of 0, 33, 66, 99 and 132 g/day, respectively. All other essential amino acids were given in a 30% excess. N retention increased linearly (p < 0.01) as the dietary concentration of the limiting amino acid increased. Based on linear regression equations relating amino acid deposition in body protein to amino acid intake, marginal efficiencies of ileal digestible amino acid utilization were calculated to be isoleucine – 0.81, leucine – 0.81, valine – 0.82, histidine – 1.17 and phenylalanine + tyrosine – 0.67. Extrapolating the regression equations to zero N retention, the daily requirements of amino acids for N equilibrium were estimated to be (mg/kg0.75) isoleucine – 18, leucine – 33, valine – 23, histidine – 14 and phenylalanine + tyrosine – 43.
Virulence Pattern of Venturia inaequalis Field Isolates and Corresponding Differential Resistance in Malus x domestica
Authors: Koch T. , Kellerhals M. , Gessler C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAll commercially important apple cultivars are susceptible in the field to scab caused by Venturia inaequalis. The scope of this study was to investigate variation in virulence in Venturia inaequalis populations towards commercial apple cultivars. For this purpose, primary lesions were sampled in orchards with different varietal compositions and diversities. The virulence pattern of monosporic isolates, obtained by isolation of single conidia, was assessed by cross inoculations of the cv. Ananas Reinette, Boskoop, Glockenapfel, Golden Delicious, Gravenstein, James Grieve, Jonathan, Maigold, Reinette de Champagne, Spartan and Yellow Transparent. All cultivars were susceptible to some isolates and resistant to others. No cultivar behaved the same way, which suggests the presence of differential resistance in each cultivar and corresponding virulence in some isolates. Isolates from a monoculture of Golden Delicious consisted mainly of a pathotype that was virulent to Golden Delicious but not to other cultivars. In the samples from cultivar mixtures, virulence pattern variation was considerable. The results give further evidence of the existence of a large pool of differential and ephemeral resistances in Malus, which were overcome by the local scab populations during co‐evolution.
Detection and Molecular Characterization of Phytoplasma associated with Lethal Yellowing Disease of Coconut Palms in Cuba
Authors: Llauger R. , Becker D. , Cueto J. , Peralta E. , González V. , Rodríguez M. , Rohde W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLethal Yellowing (LY) disease of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) in Cuba has been reported since the end of the 19th century. In order to ascertain the presence of phytoplasmas associated with this disease, leaf samples were taken from plants showing typical disease symptoms and assayed for the LY agent by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using LY‐specific primers. Selected PCR amplification products were cloned, sequenced and compared to that of a Mexican LY isolate from the Yucatán region. The results obtained confirm the presence of LY phytoplasma in Cuba. Cuban and Mexican isolates show an overall high degree of sequence similarity with occasional point mutations and small deletions or insertions. Based on these identified genetic differences, LY isolates from the Havana and the Yucatán region cluster together and apart from isolates originating at Maisí in eastern Cuba.