bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Rights Pragmatism: Problems of Structure and Agency
Authors: Snyder Jack 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mainstream human rights activists typically attribute the signature successes of their movement (e.g., antislavery, Gandhi, Martin Luther King) to their uncompromisingly principled stance on behalf of the weak and the exploited. Naming and shaming and ending impunity loom large in their lore. This attitude works well to recruit idealistic activists, but their moralism, legalism, and secular universalism miss the central role of the self-interest of the majority in powering the progress of human rights. A core of idealists has defined aspirational goals, but progress has depended on support from majority mass movements and reform parties that gained power through expedient compromise. The human rights enterprise is now facing fierce pushback from illiberal strongmen and populists who counter-shame the liberal order as decadent, degenerate, and threatening to deeply rooted values. Too often, contemporary rights rhetoric plays into the hands of these illiberal critics. Human Rights for Pragmatists explains how rights-based societies can recover a more accurate narrative of their past pragmatic successes, repair their tactical flaws, and withstand illiberal challenges.
Educating tomorrow’s public health professionals to utilize the arts for health
Authors: Harrison Annie , Waterson Hannah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Momentum has been building over the last few years around capitalizing on the arts for improving health and wellbeing. But how are public health professionals to develop the skills needed to utilize the arts? In this article, Annie Harrison and Hannah Waterson discuss the evidence for the use of arts in health and describe ‘Arts and Public Health’ an optional module of the University of Manchester: Master of Public Health designed to equip students to meet the arts and health challenge.
The successive emergence of ERVL-MaLRs in primates
Authors: Zuo Zheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although the ERVL-mammalian-apparent LTR retrotransposons (MaLRs) are the fourth largest family of transposable elements in the human genome, their evolutionary history and relationship have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, through RepeatMasker annotations of some representative species and construction of phylogenetic tree by sequence similarity, all primate-specific MaLR members are found to descend from MLT1A1 retrotransposon. Comparative genomic analysis, transposition-in-transposition inference, and sequence feature comparisons consistently show that each MaLR member evolved from its predecessor successively and had a limited activity period during primate evolution. Accordingly, a novel MaLR member was discovered as successor of MSTB1 in Tarsiiformes. At last, the identification of candidate precursor and intermediate THE1A elements provides further evidence for the previously proposed arms race model between ZNF430/ZNF100 and THE1B/THE1A. Taken together, this study sheds light on the evolutionary history of MaLRs and can serve as a foundation for future research on their interactions with zinc finger genes, gene regulation, and human health implications.
The coevolutionary mosaic of bat betacoronavirus emergence risk
Authors: Forero-Muñoz Norma R , Muylaert Renata L , Seifert Stephanie N , Albery Gregory F , Becker Daniel J , Carlson Colin J , Poisot Timothée 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pathogen evolution is one of the least predictable components of disease emergence, particularly in nature. Here, building on principles established by the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution, we develop a quantitative, spatially explicit framework for mapping the evolutionary risk of viral emergence. Driven by interest in diseases like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we examine the global biogeography of bat-origin betacoronaviruses, and find that coevolutionary principles suggest geographies of risk that are distinct from the hotspots and coldspots of host richness. Further, our framework helps explain patterns like a unique pool of merbecoviruses in the Neotropics, a recently discovered lineage of divergent nobecoviruses in Madagascar, and—most importantly—hotspots of diversification in southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East that correspond to the site of previous zoonotic emergence events. Our framework may help identify hotspots of future risk that have also been previously overlooked, like West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, and may more broadly help researchers understand how host ecology shapes the evolution and diversity of pandemic threats.
Tracing the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during vaccine roll-out in Norway
Authors: Garcia Ignacio , Lee Yunsung , Brynildsrud Ola , Eldholm Vegard , Magnus Per , Blomfeldt Anita , Leegaard Truls M , Müller Fredrik , Dudman Susanne , Caugant Dominique A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has greatly mitigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns have been raised about the degree to which vaccination might drive the emergence and selection of immune escape mutations that will hamper the efficacy of the vaccines. In this study, we investigate whether vaccination impacted the micro-scale adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the Oslo region of Norway, during the first nine months of 2021, a period in which the population went from near-zero to almost 90 per cent vaccine coverage in the population over 50 years old. Weekly aggregated data stratified by age on vaccine uptake and number of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the area were obtained from the National Immunization Registry and the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases, respectively. A total of 6,438 virus sequences (7.5 per cent of the registered cases) along with metadata were available. We used a causal-driven approach to investigate the relationship between vaccination progress and changes in the frequency of 362 mutations present in at least ten samples, conditioned on the emergence of new lineages, time, and population vaccination coverage. After validating our approach, we identified 21 positive and 12 negative connections between vaccination progress and mutation prevalence, and most of them were outside the Spike protein. We observed a tendency for the mutations that we identified as positively connected with vaccination to decrease as the vaccinated population increased. After modelling the fitness of different competing mutations in a population, we found that our observations could be explained by a clonal interference phenomenon in which high fitness mutations would be outcompeted by the emergence or introduction of other high-fitness mutations.
Strategies for interpreting arterial blood gases
Authors: Pruitt Bill 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
This article provides a step-by-step guide for nurses to interpret arterial blood gas (ABG) results, focusing on five key components: SaO2, PaO2, pH, PaCO2, and HCO3
-. It explains how to assess a patient's oxygenation status, compensation levels, and determine if there is an acid-base disturbance and if that disturbance is respiratory or metabolic.
From hashtags to headaches
Authors: To Khanh K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract:
A 2022 incident involving a group of labor and delivery nurses who posted a social media video criticizing patients has put a spotlight on the importance of maintaining professional conduct on social media. This article outlines the risks of social media use among nurses, the possible consequences of social media misuse, and the benefits of providing social media guidance in nursing curricula.
Alternative sources of bioactive omega-3 fatty acids: what are the options?
Authors: Baker Ella J. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
The very-long chain (VLC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promote optimal development, physiological function and healthy ageing and help to manage disease. EPA and DHA are sourced mainly from fish, which is not sustainable. This review explores alternative sustainable sources.

Recent findings
Recent research confirms that higher intake and status of EPA and DHA are associated with health benefits including lower risk of incident type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality. Meta-analyses confirm benefits of intravenous EPA and DHA in hospitalized adults. Algal oils and seed oils from some genetically modified (GM) plants are sources of EPA and DHA. An oil from GM camelina showed equivalence with fish oil in human trials. Ahiflower oil, a source of stearidonic acid, had biological effects in experimental studies that might translate into health benefits. An intravenous lipid emulsion based on Ahiflower oil has been tested in experimental research. Pine nut oil (PNO) is a source of pinolenic acid, which is not an omega-3 PUFA but has similar actions.

Summary
Algal oils, oils from GM seed crops, Ahiflower oil and other sources of stearidonic acid, and nonomega-3 oils including PNO, are plant-sourced sustainable alternatives to fish-sourced VLC omega-3 PUFAs.
Quality of Life and Pain in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Błachnio Klaudia , Szymocha Adrianna , Kovalsky Maryan , Pawlak Andrzej , Juzwiszyn Jan , Chabowski Mariusz 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
The quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic conditions is a function of factors associated with the illness, its natural course, and treatment as well as those related to the patient. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a critical public health problem. Chronic pancreatitis patients can experience chronic pain with different mechanisms, malabsorption, diabetes, and cachexia.

Objective
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a critical public health problem. CP patients can experience chronic pain with different mechanisms, malabsorption, diabetes, and cachexia. The aim of the study was to assess the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with CP and identify factors affecting QoL.

Methods
104 patients diagnosed with CP from the hospital in Wrocław, Poland, were included. The study was conducted using our own questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Results
The mean total SF-36 score was 47.7, with the highest mean rating for the physical functioning domain. The mean VAS pain score was 5.13. Pain intensity was significantly correlated with impairments in activities of daily living (P = 0.001), the need to reduce their duration (P = 0.001), and the performance of physical activity (P = 0.003). Comorbidities, education, and age have a significant relationship with only some domains of SF-36.

Conclusions
One aspect that has an impact on QoL impairment is pain which perception is governed by the same brain regions in which abnormalities result in depression and anxiety. QoL in CP patients also depends on the patient’s age, comorbidities, and level of education.
Optimizing behavioral and pharmacological smoking cessation interventions among people with HIV
Authors: Himelhoch Seth , Kelly Deana , deFilippi Chris , Taylor Gregory , Bennett Melanie , Medoff Deborah , Li Lan , Christenson Robert , Potts Wendy , Shuter Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

Background:
People with HIV/AIDS (PWH) smoke at nearly three times the rate of the general population. Interventions to promote sustained quitting among PWH are urgently needed.

Methods:
Our study used a randomized factorial design to evaluate the effects of varenicline, compared with placebo, and behavioral cessation therapy, positively smoke free (PSF), compared with standard of care (SOC) among PWH who smoke. The study was designed with power to detect a small effect (Cohen's h of 0.28–0.36) with 240 participants. The primary outcome was the 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) confirmed by exhaled carbon monoxide (ECO) less than 10 ppm for both main effects at 36 weeks. The study was conducted from June 2016 to November 2020. During the study's last year, recruitment was halted because of COVID-19.

Results:
The study randomized 184 participants with power to detect a medium effect (Cohen's h of 0.41). Participants were mostly African American (89.7%), men (62.8%) who smoked mentholated cigarettes (96.7%). Nearly all received antiretroviral medication (96.2%). Quit rates for the entire sample were 7.5% at 36 weeks. Compared with those who received placebo, neither those who received varenicline [36 weeks; OR (95% CI), 1.31 (0.33–5.22), P = 0.70] nor PSF [36 weeks; OR (95% CI), 0.26 (0.03–2.44), P = 0.24) were more likely to quit smoking.

Conclusion:
Among an urban living, primarily African American sample of PWH who smoke neither varenicline nor PSF was found to be efficacious at 36 weeks. Our study was not powered to detect small effects sizes. Larger trials are needed to establish tobacco treatment standards for PWH who smoke.
Life course history of physical and sexual abuse is associated with cardiovascular disease risk among women living with and without HIV
Authors: Appleton Allison A. , Kuniholm Mark H. , Vásquez Elizabeth , Cohen Mardge H. , Donohue Jessica , Floris-Moore Michelle , Friedman M. Reuel , Hanna David B. , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Moran Caitlin A. , Plankey Michael W. , Teplin Linda A. , Shitole Sanyog G. , Ware Deanna , Jones Deborah L. , Wise Jenni 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Sexual and physical abuse predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) among women in the general population. Women living with HIV (WLWH) report more abuse and have higher CVD risk compared with other women, yet associations between abuse history and CVD have not been considered among WLWH. This study fills this gap, and describes possible pathways linking abuse to CVD risk among WLWH and women living without HIV (WLWOH).

Methods:
Using 25 years of data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS; n = 2734; WLWH n = 1963; WLWOH n = 771), we used longitudinal generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test associations between sexual and physical abuse with CVD risk. Framingham (FRS-H) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association-Pooled Cohort Equation (ACC/AHA-PCE) scores were examined. Analyses were stratified by HIV-serostatus.

Results:
Among WLWH, childhood sexual abuse was associated with higher CVD risk (β
FRS-H = 1.25, SE = 1.08, P = 0.005; β
ACC/AHA-PCE = 1.14, SE = 1.07, P = 0.04) compared with no abuse. Adulthood sexual abuse was associated with higher CVD risk for WLWH (β
FRS-H = 1.39, SE = 1.08, P < 0.0001) and WLWOH (β
FRS-H = 1.58, SE = 1.14, P = 0.0006). Childhood physical abuse was not associated with CVD risk for either group. Adulthood physical abuse was associated with CVD risk for WLWH (β
FRS-H = 1.44, SE = 1.07; P < 0.0001, β
ACC/AHA-PCE = 1.18, SE = 1.06, P = 0.002) and WLWOH (β
FRS-H = 1.68, SE = 1.12, P < 0.0001; β
ACC/AHA-PCE = 1.24, SE = 1.11, P = 0.03). Several pathway factors were significant, including depression, smoking, and hepatitis C infection.

Conclusion:
Life course abuse may increase CVD risk among WLWH and women at high risk of acquiring HIV. Some comorbidities help explain the associations. Assessing abuse experiences in clinical encounters may help contextualize cardiovascular risk among this vulnerable population and inform intervention.
Adverse Events Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Adolescents: A Norwegian Nationwide Register-Based Study
Authors: Larsen Vilde Bergstad , Gunnes Nina , Gran Jon Michael , Dahl Jesper , Bøås Håkon , Watle Sara Viksmoen , Berild Jacob Dag , Greve-Isdahl Margrethe , Størdal Ketil , Gulseth Hanne Løvdal , Karlstad Øystein , Ruiz Paz Lopez-Doriga , Tapia German 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaccination of older adolescents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in the spring of 2021 and continued with younger adolescents throughout the summer and fall. We assessed risks of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in adolescents aged 12–19 years following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine in Norway.Materials and MethodsThe study sample included 496,432 adolescents born in 2002–2009, residing in Norway, and unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of the age-specific waves of vaccination in 2021. The exposures under study were first- and second-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations vs. no dose. We applied Poisson regression and self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of 17 preselected outcomes, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects using predefined post-vaccination risk windows.ResultsMost outcome-specific numbers of cases were low. There were no statistically significant associations between first-dose vaccination and any of the outcomes. In the main Poisson regression, second-dose vaccination was associated with increased risks of anaphylactic reaction (adjusted IRR [aIRR]: 10.05; 95% CI: 1.22–82.74), lymphadenopathy (aIRR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.46–3.72), and myocarditis and pericarditis (aIRR: 5.27; 95% CI: 1.98–14.05). We also observed increased incidence of acute appendicitis outside the 14-day risk window. When expanding the risk window to 42 days in a post-hoc analysis, there was increased incidence of acute appendicitis following both first-dose vaccination (aIRR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.09–1.78) and second-dose vaccination (aIRR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.07–1.91). Results of the SCCS analysis were similar to the Poisson regression.ConclusionsIn general, potential AEFI were rare among adolescents. We found increased risks of anaphylactic reaction, lymphadenopathy, and myocarditis and pericarditis following second-dose vaccination. There were also indications of increased acute appendicitis risk when applying longer risk windows.
Personalized Prediction of Stress-Induced Blood Pressure Spikes in Real Time from FitBit Data using Artificial Intelligence: A Research Protocol
Authors: Kargarandehkordi Ali , Washington Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundReferred to as the “silent killer,” elevated blood pressure often goes unnoticed due to the absence of apparent symptoms, resulting in cumulative harm over time. While various health conditions contribute to hypertension, they collectively account for a minority of cases. Chronic stress has been identified as a significant factor in increased blood pressure, and the heterogeneous nature of stress responses makes it challenging to identify specific deleterious behaviors through traditional clinical interviews.ObjectiveWe aim to leverage machine learning algorithms for real-time predictions of stress-induced blood pressure spikes using consumer wearable devices such as FitBit, providing actionable insights to both patients and clinicians to improve diagnostics and enable proactive health monitoring.MethodsThe study proposes the development of machine learning algorithms to analyze biosignals obtained from these wearable devices, aiming to make real-time predictions about blood pressure spikes.ResultsWe have developed the core study application, named CardioMate. CardioMate will be used to remind participants to initiate blood pressure readings using an Omron HeartGuide wearable monitor. The project described is supported as a pilot project from the Robert C. Perry Fund of the Hawai’i Community Foundation. This protocol was approved by the University of Hawai’i Institutional Review Board (IRB) under protocol #2023-00130.ConclusionsPersonalized machine learning when applied to biosignals is a promising approach to providing the mobile sensing backend support for real-time digital health interventions for chronic stress and its corresponding symptoms.
Dual localization of JA receptor, CaCOI2, explains JA perception dynamics in chickpea
Authors: Singh Ajit Pal , Singh Ekampreet , Singh Amit Kumar , Fatima Urooj , Senthil-Kumar Muthappa , Giri Jitender 
Published: December 2023

SummaryJasmonates (JAs) form a group of oxylipin-derived phytohormones involved in multiple biotic and abiotic stress responses and regulate plant development. JAs are perceived by the receptor proteins, COI (coronatine insensitive). These JA receptors encoding F-box protein, form SCFCOIubiquitin ligase complex (Skp, Cullin, F-box) and activate JA signaling by facilitating degradation of the transcriptional repressor (JAZ; Jasmonate associated ZIM domain containing) proteins through 26S proteasomal pathway. However, JA signaling is poorly understood in chickpea, a vital legume plant. Here, we first identified two putative chickpea JA receptor named CaCOI1, CaCOI2 and demonstrated CaCOI2 as a functional JA receptor. Further subcellular localization studies revealed that CaCOI2 is localized to extra-nuclear region and move to the nucleus on JA perception to activate JA signaling. Using domain swapping (between CaCOI1 and CaCOI2) experiments, we have demonstrated that the LRR region of JA receptors, which interact with bioactive JA i.e., JA-Ile, also plays a critical role in regulating subcellular localization of CaCOI proteins. We report that an acidic amino acid in F-box region of COI proteins (AtCOI1T29) stabilizes COI-InsP8 (1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myo-inositol (2,3,4,6) tetrakisphosphate) interaction. This interaction is found to be critical for COI-JAZ interaction and therefore, their functionality. Our study thus identified a functional JA receptor in chickpea and revealed novel aspects of JA signaling and perception, which might also have implications in other plants.
Neutral evolution of snoRNA Host Gene long non-coding RNA affects cell fate control
Authors: Vietri Rudan Matteo , Sipilä Kalle H. , Philippeos Christina , Gânier Clarisse , Negri Victor A. , Watt Fiona M. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryA fundamental challenge in molecular biology is to understand how evolving genomes can acquire new functions. Several recent studies have underscored how non-conserved sequences can contribute to organismal diversification in the primate lineage1–3. Actively transcribed, non-coding parts of the genome provide a potential platform for the development of new functional sequences4, but their biological and evolutionary roles remain largely unexplored. Here we show that a set of neutrally evolving long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) arising from small nucleolar RNA Host Genes (SNHGs) are highly expressed in skin and dysregulated in inflammatory conditions. SNHGs affect cell fate determination and can behave as evolutionary intermediates to develop new functions5. Using SNHG7 and human epidermal keratinocytes as a model, we describe a mechanism by which these lncRNAs can increase self-renewal and inhibit differentiation. SNHG7 lncRNA’s activity has been acquired recently in the primate lineage and depends on a short sequence required for microRNA binding. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of understanding the role of fast-evolving transcripts in normal and diseased epithelia, and inform on how poorly conserved, actively transcribed non-coding sequences can participate in the evolution of genomic functionality.