bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of regional affinities of Neandertal DNA with living humans does not reject multiregional evolution
Authors: Relethford John H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe recent extraction of mitochondrial DNA sequences from three European Neandertal fossils has led many to the conclusion that ancient DNA analysis supports the African replacement model of modern human origins and rejects models of multiregional evolution that propose some Neandertal ancestry in living humans. This conclusion is based, in part, on the lack of regional affinity of Neandertal DNA to that from living Europeans. Consideration of migration matrix models shows that this conclusion is premature, since under a model of interregional gene flow we expect to see similar levels of Neandertal ancestry in all contemporary regions, and living Europeans should not necessarily show closer affinity. The absence of regional affinity in Neandertal DNA does not distinguish between replacement and multiregional models. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:95–98, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete allele information in the diagnosis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy by triple DNA analysis
Authors: Lemmers Richard J. L. F. , De Kievit Peggy , van geel Michel , van der Wielen Michiel J.R. , Bakker Egbert , Padberg George W. , Frants Rune R. , Van Der Maarel Silvère M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is caused by partial deletion of the D4Z4 repeat array on chromosome 4q35. Genetic diagnosis is based on sizing of this repeat array, which is complicated by cross‐hybridization of a homologous polymorphic repeat array on chromosome 10 and by the frequent exchanges between these chromosomal regions. The restriction enzyme XapI optimizes the diagnosis of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy by uniquely digesting 4‐derived repeat units and leaving 10‐derived repeat units undigested, thus complementing BlnI, which uniquely digests 10‐derived repeat units. A triple analysis with EcoRI, EcoRI/BlnI, and XapI unequivocally allows characterization of each of the four alleles, whether homogeneous or hybrid. This is particularly useful in the case of identical sized 4‐derived and 10‐derived arrays, in situations of suspected facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy with nonstandard allele configurations, and for assignment of hybrid fragments to their original alleles.
German Cancer Society Neuro‐Oncology Working Group NOA‐03 multicenter trial of single‐agent high‐dose methotrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Herrlinger Ulrich , Schabet Martin , Brugger Wolfram , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Küker Wilhelm , Deckert Martina , Engel Corinna , Schmeck‐Lindenau Hans‐Jürgen , Mergenthaler Hans‐Günther , Krauseneck Peter , Benöhr Christian , Meisner Christoph , Wiestler Otmar D. , Dichgans Johannes , Kanz Lothar , Bamberg Michael , Weller Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe prospective multicenter NOA‐03 trial, conducted by the Neuro‐Oncology Working Group (NOA) of the German Cancer Society, was initiated to define the feasibility and efficacy of single‐agent high‐dose methotrexate therapy without concomitant radiotherapy in immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Thirty‐seven patients (median age, 60 years) received 179 biweekly courses of 8g/m2 methotrexate. Response was assessed after 3 and 6 courses. We had planned to enter 105 patients into the trial. Since fewer than the projected 18 of 37 patients achieved a complete response after an intermediate analysis, the trial was closed. In intention‐to‐treat analysis, 11 of 37 patients (29.7%) achieved complete response, whereas 14 of 37 patients (37.8%) were found to have progressive disease. The median relapse‐free survival among complete response patients was 13.7 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that corticosteroid application during the first methotrexate course was associated with complete response. The regimen was well tolerated, but, unlike previously reported results, the activity of high‐dose methotrexate was only moderate.
Mutations in each of the five subunits of translation initiation factor eIF2B can cause leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
Authors: van der Knaap Marjo S. , Leegwater Peter A. J. , Könst Andrea A.M. , Visser Allerdien , Naidu Sakkubai , Oudejans Cees B.M. , Schutgens Ruud B.H. , Pronk Jan C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLeukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is a recently defined autosomal recessive disorder. The course is chronic progressive with additional episodes of rapid deterioration, provoked by fever and minor head trauma. A previous study showed that mutations in the genes encoding the ε‐ or the β‐subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2B, a complex consisting of five subunits, cause the disease in most patients. Seven unsolved patients remained. The unsolved patients were investigated by mutation analysis of the genes encoding the α‐, γ‐, and δ‐subunit of eIF2B and the gene encoding the α‐subunit of eIF2, because phosphorylation of this latter subunit regulates eIF2B activity. Mutations were found in the genes encoding the α‐ (1 patient), γ‐ (2 patients), and δ‐subunits (2 patients) of eIF2B, but no mutations were found in the gene encoding the α‐subunit of eIF2. In 2, both less typical patients, no mutations were found. Mutations in all five genes eIF2B subunit genes can cause VWM. eIF2B is essential for the initiation of translation of RNA into protein and is involved in regulation of the process, especially under circumstances of stress, such as fever. A defect in eIF2B may explain the sensitivity to stress factors in vanishing white matter patients.
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with minifascicle formation in a patient with 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis: A new clinical entity
Authors: Sugie Kazuma , Futamura Naonobu , Suzumura Akio , Tate Genshu , Umehara Fujio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis case report is of a patient with 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, who presented with chronic progressive motor and sensory polyneuropathy. The sural nerve biopsy exhibited minifascicle formations accompanied by a marked decrease in myelinated fibers. This is the first report of polyneuropathy with minifascicle formations in 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. Because a similar polyneuropathy was recently reported in a case with 46XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, it is possible that these cases represent a new type of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with gonadal dysgenesis.
Striatal monoaminergic terminals in Lewy body and Alzheimer's dementias
Authors: Suzuki Masahiko , Desmond Timothy J. , Albin Roger L. , Frey Kirk A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVesicular monoamine transporter type 2 and benzodiazepine binding site expressions were examined with quantitative autoradiography in postmortem striata from 19 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, seven patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease, 12 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and eight neurologically normal subjects. Striatal vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 expression in dementia with Lewy bodies and in dementia with Lewy bodies plus Alzheimer's disease was reduced significantly, indicating degeneration of nigrostriatal projections. Striatal benzodiazepine binding site expression was unchanged, indicating preserved intrinsic striatal neuropil. Vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 and benzodiazepine binding site expressions were each preserved in Alzheimer's disease striatum. We conclude that dementia with Lewy bodies may be distinguished from Alzheimer's disease by postmortem examination or by future in vivo measurements of the striatal vesicular monoamine transporter type 2.
Diagnosis of X‐linked myotubular myopathy by detection of myotubularin
Authors: Laporte Jocelyn , Kress Wolfram , Mandel Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMutations in the MTM1 gene cause X‐linked recessive myotubular myopathy (XLMTM; MIM310400). Myotubularin, the implicated protein, is a phosphoinositide phosphatase that belongs to a large protein family conserved through evolution that also includes the antiphosphatase Sbf1 and the protein hMTMR2 mutated in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 4B. Myotubularin is detectable in a variety of cell lines by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. We screened 29 independant patients with XLMTM phenotype and 4 with centronuclear myopathy. 87% (21/24) of patients with known MTM1 mutations showed abnormal myotubularin levels, including some with missense mutations. Moreover, myotubularin was also undetectable in a patient for whom no mutation could be identified by SSCP screening. The centronuclear cases investigated have a normal level of protein, suggesting that the centronuclear form is not the result of a decrease in myotubularin level. Thus, immunoprecipitation of myotubularin from cultured cells represents a rapid and helpful method for classifying those cases where no mutation was found. On the other hand, the amount of expression may be of diagnostic value for disease course in patients with a mutation.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging in 23 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and the effect of bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Seto Toshiyuki , Kono Kinuko , Morimoto Kyoko , Inoue Yuichi , Shintaku Haruo , Hattori Hideji , Matsuoka Osamu , Yamano Tsunekazu , Tanaka Akemi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA longitudinal study of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out in 23 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS); 1 each of types IH, VI, and VII; 2 of type IS; 10 of type II; and 4 each of types IIIB and IVA. Six types of distinct abnormalities were 1) cribriform changes or spotty changes in the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and white matter; 2) high‐intensity signal in the white matter on T2‐weighted image; 3) ventriculomegaly; 4) diffuse cerebral cortical atrophy; 5) spinal cord compression; and 6) megacisterna magna. The cribriform changes that corresponded to dilated perivascular spaces were found in the patients with MPS IS, II, and VI. The patchy and diffuse intensity changes were found in the patient with MPS II and IIIB, respectively. MPS IH and the severe type of MPS II showed marked ventriculomegaly. Marked cerebral atrophy was observed in all MPS IIIB patients and in the severe type of MPS II patients. Spinal cord compression was a feature usually observed in MPS IH, IVA, VI, and VII. Megacisterna magna was frequent in the patients with MPS II (6/10). In 2 of 5 patients, the therapeutic effect of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was remarkable. Both the cribriform changes and the intensity change of the white matter in a MPS VI patient disappeared 8 years after the BMT. Slight improvement of cribriform change was noted in 1 patient with MPS II 3 years after the BMT. MRS was not sufficient to estimate the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans but was useful for evaluating neuronal damages.
Lewy bodies and parkinsonism in families with parkin mutations
Authors: Farrer Matt , Chan Piu , Chen Rong , Tan Louis , Lincoln Sarah , Hernandez Dena , Forno Lysia , Gwinn‐Hardy Katrina , Petrucelli Leonard , Hussey Jennifer , Singleton Andrew , Tanner Caroline , Hardy John , Langston J. William 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious work has established that compound mutations and homozygous loss of function of the parkin gene cause early‐onset, autosomal recessive parkinsonism. Classically, this disease has been associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus ceruleus, without Lewy body pathology. We have sequenced the parkin gene of 38 patients with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (<41 years). Two probands with mutations were followed up. Clinical evaluation of their families was performed, blinded to both genetic and pathological findings. Chromosome 6q25.2‐27 haplotype analysis was carried out independently of the trait; parkin gene expression was examined at both the RNA and protein levels. Haplotype analysis of these families revealed a common chromosome 6, with a novel 40 bp exon 3 deletion that cosegregated with disease. In the proband of the smaller kindred, an exon 7 R275W substitution was identified in addition to the exon 3 deletion; RNA analysis demonstrated that the mutations were on alternate transcripts. However, Lewy body pathology typical of idiopathic Parkinson's disease was found at autopsy in the proband from the smaller kindred. These data suggest that compound heterozygous parkin mutations and loss of parkin protein may lead to early‐onset parkinsonism with Lewy body pathology, while a hemizygous mutation may confer increased susceptibility to typical Parkinson's disease.
Syndiotactic polymerization of styrene in the presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X)/MAO catalytic systems
Authors: Skupiński W. , Niciński K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCpTiCl2(OC6H4X‐p) complexes (where X =­CH3, Cl, NO2,; Cp = cyclopentadienyl) activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) were used in syndiotactic polymerization of styrene. High activity and selectivity for all catalysts were found. The styrene conversion and reaction selectivity depend on the catalyst ageing time and temperature, polymerization temperature and the nature of the substituent in the phenoxy ring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(indenyl) zirconium aryloxide derivatives and their use in α‐olefin polymerization
Authors: Zanella Pierino , Mascellani Nicoletta , Cason Alessandro , Garon Simona , Rossetto Gilberto , Carta Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of new bis(indenyl) zirconium diaryloxides of general formula Ind2Zr(OL)2 (L = C6H5, 2; C6F5, 3; 2,6‐Me2C6H3, 4; 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2, 5; 4‐tBuC6H4, 6) were synthesized by a metathesis reaction of Ind2ZrCl2 (1) with the appropriate thallium aryloxide salt, TlOL. The complexes 1–6 were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR techniques. They were also examined as catalysts for ethene and 1‐hexene polymerization with methylalumoxane as co‐catalyst, and a trend of the polymerization activity as a function of aryloxide ligands was observed. An interpretation of this trend, considering both the electronic and steric effects of the substituents on the aryloxide rings, was proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing the electroreductive polymerization of di‐n‐hexyldichlorosilane
Authors: Martins L. , Aeiyach S. , Jouini M. , Lacaze P. C. , Satgé J. , Martins J. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports the study of the effects of solvent, support electrolyte and the nature of the electrodes on the electroreduction of di‐n‐hexyldichlorosilane. The work performed involved the use of different types of sacrificial anode (magnesium, aluminium and zinc) and cathode (magnesium, aluminium, zinc, stainless steel, nickel, carbon and palladium) in tetrahydrofuran containing lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). Monomodal poly(di‐n‐hexyldichlorosilane) was obtained with Al/Al and Mg/Mg electrode pairs, but the polymer yield was about ten times higher with Al/Al (11%) than with Mg/Mg (1%). From the solvents and co‐solvents used (tetrahydrofuran, hexamethylphosphorotriamide, acetone, hexane, toluene, 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylurea, tris(3,6‐dioxaheptyl)amine, 1,2‐dimethoxyethane, N,N‐dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide) with LiClO4, only the system tetrahydrofuran + hexamethylphosphorotriamide, tetrahydrofuran + N,N‐dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran + toluene have given monomodal poly(di‐n‐hexyldichlorosilane) using an aluminium anode and stainless‐steel cathode. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc organic compounds of some oximes coordinated with nickel(II), palladium(II) and copper(II) ions
Authors: Voiculescu Nicolae 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoordinated oximes with nickel(II), palladium(II) and copper(II) ions proved capable of giving substitution reactions with a series of zinc organic compounds. Studies have revealed that, in the cases of dimethylglyoxime and salicylaldoxime, the reaction products result from substitution of the OH···O hydrogen bridges existing in such compounds by OZnO bridges. All compounds reported in this paper were separated as colored powders and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The new zinc organic compounds form amine adducts. Among the amine adducts, only those with pyridine were isolated and characterized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhodium(I) carbonyl complexes of ether‐phosphine ligands and their reactivity
Authors: Das Pankaj , Sharma Manab , Kumari Nandini , Konwar Dilip , Dutta Dipak Kumar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reactions of dimeric complex [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 with hemilabile ether‐phosphine ligands Ph2P(CH2)
nOR [n = 1, R = CH3 (a); n = 2, R = C2H5 (b)] yield cis‐[Rh(CO)2Cl(P ∼ O)] (1) [P ∼ O = η
1‐(P) coordinated]. Halide abstraction reactions of 1 with AgClO4 produce cis‐[Rh(CO)2(P ∩ O)]ClO4 (2) [P ∩ O = η
2‐(P,O)chelated]. Oxidative addition reactions of 1 with CH3I and I2 give rhodium(III) complexes [Rh(CO)(COCH3)ClI(P ∩ O)] (3) and [Rh(CO)ClI2(P ∩ O)] (4) respectively. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of 1 for carbonylation of methanol is higher than that of the well‐known [Rh(CO)2I2]− species. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study on structural features of α chitin from Xiphopenaeus kroyeri and its precipitated product from phosphoric acid solution
Authors: Andrade C. T. , Silva K. M. P. , Tavares M. I. , Simão R. A. , Achete C. , Pérez C. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sample of α chitin was obtained from shells of the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri by demineralization and deproteinization processes. This sample of native α chitin (NC) was dissolved in concentrated phosphoric acid and recovered by precipitation in an alkaline aqueous solution, giving rise to a sample named PC. Solid‐state carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR), X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to compare both samples and to investigate structural changes in α chitin under the action of phosphoric acid. 13C‐NMR experiments and X‐ray diffraction results revealed a high crystalline order in both samples. Structural differences were due to the higher distance between adjacent chains along the b axis and the consequent decrease in the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the sample recovered from solution. While remarkable supramolecular differences could be observed in the fibrillar crystals of the NC sample, the PC sample was characterized by only one type of morphology. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 151–159, 2002
Electrochemistry of polyaniline: Study of the pH effect and electrochromism
Authors: Prakash Rajiv 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyaniline was electrochemically synthesized from an aqueous medium with various acid electrolytes via potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline was studied over various substrates, including Pt, Ti, Ni, and SnO2 coated glass, and in various acid electrolytes. Cyclic voltammograms of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline were studied in HCl in a pH range of 1–4. Probable electrochemistry and chemical changes were deduced that occurred when polyaniline film was electrochemically oxidized and reduced between −0.2 and 1.0 V versus a Ag/AgCl reference electrode in an acidic electrolyte at pH 1, and three corresponding oxidation and reduction peaks were described instead of two redox peaks (as observed by W. S. Huang, B. D. Humphrey, and A. G. MacDiarmid, J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 1986, 82, 2385). The electrochromic property was studied with changes in the chemical states of polyaniline during electrochemical oxidation and reduction. A new viscous electrolyte, aqueous AlCl3 (pH 2), saturated with AgCl was used for the construction of an electrochromic display device. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 378–385, 2002
Synthesis and properties of TLCPs with 2,6‐naphthalene‐based mesogen, polymethylene spacer, and nonlinear 4,4′‐thiodiphenyl links
Authors: Chang Hao‐Shiung , Wu Tzi‐Yi , Chen Yun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of new thermotropic main‐chain liquid crystalline copolyesters were prepared by polycondensation of 2,6‐naphthalenedicarbonyl chloride, 4,4′‐thiodiphenol, and α,ω‐alkanediols (n = 4–10) in diphenyl ether at 200°C. Thermal transition behaviors of these copolyesters were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Moreover, their thermal stabilities and mesomorphic textures were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and polarizing optical microscopy, respectively. Corresponding model compounds with terminal mesogenic units and central polymethylene spacers were also synthesized for comparison. Both copolymers and model compounds exhibit odd–even dependency of melting temperatures, transition enthalpy (ΔHm), and entropy (ΔSm) on the number of methylene units in the spacer. However, the odd–even effects in model compounds are much more distinctive. Nematic mesophases are the only texture observed in melts, except the model compounds with longer methylene units (n = 8, 10), in which smectic mesophases can be observed. The Tm values of the copolyesters (TDP/HD = 1/1) are between 233 and 259°C, depending on spacer length. The initial decomposition temperatures of the copolyesters are above 419°C under N2 atmosphere. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1536–1546, 2002
Diethyl ketone‐based imine as efficient latent hardener for epoxy resin
Authors: Suzuki Kentarou , Matsu‐Ura Nobuki , Horii Hisakazu , Sugita Yuko , Sanda Fumio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral imines were synthesized and evaluated as water‐initiated hardener for epoxy resin. Imines with a lower electron density on the C=N carbon showed a faster hydrolysis rate. Diethyl ketone‐based imines were the most efficiently hydrolyzed among the imines examined, and the adhesive properties of epoxy resin with diimines used as the hardeners were evaluated. A novel diethyl ketone‐based diimine, N,N′‐di(1‐ethylpropylidene)‐m‐xylylenediamine (10), served as an efficient latent hardener of epoxy resin. Epikote 828 containing 10, filler, and dryer increased the adhesive strength faster than Epikote 828 containing filler and dryer with methyl isobutyl ketone‐based imine. The mixed system of epoxy resin and 10 showed good storage stability at room temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1744–1749, 2002
Prediction and experiment of core–shell particle morphology of vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate
Authors: Sun Peiqin , Zhao Ke , Liu Dazhuang , Huo Dongxia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this article, the particle morphology in emulsion polymerization of the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) system is investigated. With the use of the basic data in literature, the relevant interface tensions and viscosity are estimated with the equation proposed in literature. The time achieved to equilibrium morphology is predicted with cluster dynamics proposed by Gonzalez. The experiment result is consistent with that of prediction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2930–2937, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10297