bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic Activity, and Apoptosis
Induction Efficacy of Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles
Authors: Negm Amr , Al-Faiyz Yasair S. , Riyadh Sayed M. , Sayed Abdelwahed R. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Heterocyclic materials-containing thiazoles exhibited incredible im-portance in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design due to their extensive biological properties.

Methods:
Synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles from the reaction of 2-((6-Nitro-benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide with hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the existence of triethylamine as basic catalyst. The antioxidant, in vitro anti-proliferative, and cytotoxicity efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were measured.

Results:
In this work, novel series of 5-methyl-2-(2-(-(6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)meth-ylene)hydrazinyl)-4-(aryldiazenyl)thiazoles (4a-f) were prepared via the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-f with 2-((6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) in dioxane and employing triethylamine as basic catalyst. Following the same procedure, bis-thiazoles (6, 8, and 10) have been synthesized by utilizing bis-hydrazonoyl chlorides (5, 7, and 9) and carbothioamide 1 in a molar ratio (1:2), respectively. The distinctive features in the structure of isolated products were elucidated by spectroscopic tools and elemental analyses. The antioxi-dant, in vitro anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity, and anti-cancer efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thia-zoles were evaluated. Compounds 4d and 4f were the most potent antioxidant agents. Gene ex-pression of apoptosis markers and fragmentation assay of DNA were assessed to explore the bi-ochemical mechanism of synthesized products. Thiazoles significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation more than bis-thiazoles. They induced apoptosis through induction of apoptotic gene expression P53 and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene expression Bcl-2. Moreover, they in-duced fragmentation of DNA in cancer cells, indicating that they could be employed as anti-cancer agents by inhibiting tumor growth and progression and can be considered effective com-pounds in the strategy of anti-cancer agents’ discovery.

Conclusion:
Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy based on Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles.
Analysis of the Relationship between Rheumatoid Arthritis and
Osteoporosis Based on Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Feichao Song , Rongrong Chen , Ji Shichang , Liu Bingjie , Junfeng Zhang 
Published: November 2023

Background:
As the global population ages, the World Health Organization has found
a yearly increase in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. This trend poses a challenge
to public health and healthcare and calls for the implementation of more preventive and treatment
measures to address these health issues.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) and osteoporosis (OP) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods:
OP diagnosis was based on the gold standard of bone mineral density (BMD). Single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from the genome-wide association research
database formed by RA and BMD, with a parameter setting of P < 5×10-8, chain imbalance
r2<0.01, and kb = 10,000. Five complementary MR methods, including inverse variance weighted
(IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode estimation based on mode, and
weighted estimation based on mode, were used to evaluate the causal relationship between RA
and OP/BMD using odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analyses
were performed using heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy, and individual rejection tests.

Results:
A total of 78 instrumental variables were identified that were closely related to both RA
and BMD in mixed populations, while 14 instrumental variables were identified in the European
population and 38 instrumental variables were identified in the Asian population. Using IVW as
the main analysis method, the MR analysis results of RA and BMD showed the following: mixed
population OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-1.00; European population OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.27-1.12; and
Asian population OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.90-1.01. Sensitivity analyses showed that the MR results
were robust.

Conclusion:
The study found insufficient evidence of a causal relationship between RA and OP/BMD,
suggesting that RA may not have a direct effect on OP/BMD.
Lipid-Based Nanocarriers in the Management of Pulmonary
Complications in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Maheshwari Shubhrat , Singh Aditya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract::
Code 35, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes respiratory
failure, inflammation, and decreased airway mucociliary clearance. The absence of trustworthy
preclinical models that replicate the anatomical, immunological, and bioelectrical characteristics
of human CF lungs restricts the discovery of new therapies for the disease. Alternative
carriers to liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic carriers include lipid-based nanocarriers
(LBCs). Delivering medicines, nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics
via LBCs has received more and more attention in recent years. Due to their simple production,
physicochemical stability, and scalability, these nanocarriers have caught the attention of the
industrial sector. Because of these qualities, LBCs are well suited for industrial manufacturing.
Clinical trials are already being conducted on a number of LBC-containing items and are likely to
swiftly grow in popularity. For commercial applications to produce enough formulations for clinical
research, a large-scale manufacturing facility is necessary. The mainstay of treatment for CF,
asthma, and chronic obstructive lung disease is the inhalation of corticosteroids and topical bronchodilators.
These drugs are given through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), a dry powder inhaler
(DPI), a jet, or an ultrasonic nebulizer. Although the sheer number of gadgets may be overwhelming
for patients and doctors, each has unique benefits.
Immunological Approaches in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Pour-Reza-Gholi Fatemeh , Assadiasl Sara 
Published: November 2023

:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, has no definite
treatment so far. In fact, a combination of metabolic, hemodynamic, and immunological factors
are involved in the pathogenesis of DN; therefore, effective disease management requires a
holistic approach to all predisposing contributors. Due to the recent findings about the role of inflammation
in the initiation and progression of kidney injury in diabetic patients and considerable
advances in immunotherapy methods, it might be useful to revise and reconsider the current
knowledge of the potential of immunomodulation in preventing and attenuating DN. In this review,
we have summarized the findings of add-on therapeutic methods that have concentrated on
regulating inflammatory responses in diabetic nephropathy, including phosphodiesterase inhibitors,
nuclear factor-kB inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, chemokine inhibitors, anti-cytokine antibodies,
cell therapy, and vaccination.
Blend U-Net: Redesigning Skip Connections to Obtain Multiscale Features for
Lung CT Images Segmentation
Authors: Leng Pengfei , Xu Zhifei , Zhu Zhaohui , Pan Zhigeng 
Published: November 2023

Background::
Lung cancer is a pervasive and persistent issue worldwide, with the highest morbidity and mortality among all cancers for many years. In the
medical field, computer tomography (CT) images of the lungs are currently recognized as the best way to help doctors detect lung nodules and thus
diagnose lung cancer. U-Net is a deep learning network with an encoder-decoder structure, which is extensively employed for medical image
segmentation and has derived many improved versions. However, these advancements do not utilize various feature information from all scales,
and there is still room for future enhancement.

Methods::
In this study, we proposed a new model called Blend U-Net, which incorporates nested structures, redesigned long and short skip connections, and
deep supervisions. The nested structures and the long and short skip connections combined characteristic information of different levels from
feature maps in all scales, while the deep supervision learning hierarchical representations from all-scale concatenated feature maps. Additionally,
we employed a mixed loss function to obtain more accurate results.

Results::
We evaluated the performance of the Blend U-Net against other architectures on the publicly available Lung Image Database Consortium and
Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI) dataset. Moreover, the accuracy of the segmentation was verified by using the dice coefficient.
Blend U-Net with a boost of 0.83 points produced the best outcome in a number of baselines.

Conclusion::
Based on the results, our method achieves superior performance in terms of dice coefficient compared to other methods and demonstrates greater
proficiency in segmenting lung nodules of varying sizes.
Application of the Different Analytical Methods for Non-chromophoric
Pharmaceutical Compounds
Authors: Singh Neha , Pannu Sumit , Singh Karanvir , Akhtar Md Jawaid , Anchliya Ankit , Alam Khan Shah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The physicochemical properties of non-chromophoric compounds that lack a group to absorb UV-visible radiation
make them difficult to analyze with a simple detector. Pharmaceutical formulations and their unknown impurities,
which show weak or no response with a UV detector, remain undetected and pose a challenge to the
analysis of these compounds. Direct measurement of a chromophore complex formed between the compound
and the colored ions present in the electrolyte solution with UV detection is one of the validated methods to analyze
non-chromophoric compounds. The derivatization with either chromophore or fluorescent group for the
detection of the non-chromophoric compounds with HPLC-UV-Vis or fluorescence detector is also commonly
used to study the physicochemical properties of the pharmaceutical formulations. The other techniques to analyze
such non-chromophoric compounds include conductivity (ionic molecules), amperometry (molecules
oxidized or reduced), mass spectrometry, evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), condensation nucleation
light scattering detector (CNLSD), capillary electrophoresis (CE), gas chromatography (GC), etc. This review
covers various separation and detection techniques developed for the analysis of non-chromophoric compounds.
Cross-talk between Peptide Neurotransmitters and their Role in Homeostasis of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Authors: Rani Soni , Yadav Shubham , Mondal Ghorai Soma 
Published: November 2023

:
The bidirectional communication among the different peptide neurotransmitters
and their receptors influences brain, immunity, and behavior. Among the peptide neurotransmitters,
Glutamate is the primary excitatory while; gamma-aminobutyrate (γ-GABA),
is the inhibitory neurotransmitter. Glutamatergic/GABAergic imbalances are seen in many
neurological and autoimmune disorders. With an aim to understand more deeply the intricacies
of glutamate/GABA homeostasis, we provide a critical review of glutamate, glycine
and GABA peptide neurotransmitters and their role in the brain, behavior, and immunity.
Another aspect of maintaining this homeostasis has its origin in the gut-brain-axis which
influences mood and behavior via the bidirectional biochemical exchange network between
central (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). This present review also provides
evidence of the cross-talk between glutamate, glycine, and GABA along the microbiotagut-
brain axis, thus any variations in this axis bear the consequences of the pathological
condition. Drugs like alcohol, Benzodiazepines (Barbiturates) and neurosteroids inhibit the
excitatory action of glutamate leading to an overall increase of glutamate/GABA ratio that
causes relaxation of nerves. However, these drugs are misused and abused among drug
addicts and now their commercial production is either banned or downsized and heavily
monitored. Because only a limited number of drug molecules are considered in pharmaceutics
and clinics as antidepressants, it is essential to focus on alternate peptide modulator
analogues which are safe, eco-friendly and can be used as drugs to relieve stress and anxiety.
In this review, we present a synopsis of the studies on synthetic GABAergic agonists or
GABA modulators that can be targeted for future therapeutics and clinics.
IPSAAS Attributes Dissensions and SMEs Tax Payment Compliance Integrity
Authors: Babatunde Shakirat Adepeju 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study analyses International Public Sector Accounting Standards' effects on the integrity of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) tax payment compliance. This study uses a cross-sectional survey design based on primary data from a questionnaire administration. The sample size is three hundred and nine SMEs. This study employs Descriptive, Pearson Correlation and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) statistical analysis. Findings show that among the tax payment compliance impeding factors are the government's inability to satisfy SMEs in service delivery improvement and developmental goal promise actualisation. SMEs' resistance to pay tax results from a flawed tax dispute resolution system at a severe mitigating significant level. The governance responsiveness through IPSASs attributes dissension contradicts John Locke's social contract doctrine of civil society rights and benefits. Hence, this study recommends that officeholders should enhance the SMEs' tax payment compliance level. Public officers' approach to governance should reduce taxpayers' exploitation for self-aggrandisement. Keywords:Tax payment compliance, Integrity, International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government Responsiveness
The Relationship Between Lockdowns and Video Game Playtime: Multilevel Time-Series Analysis Using Massive-Scale Data Telemetry
Authors: Zendle David , Flick Catherine , Halgarth Darel , Ballou Nick , Cutting Joe , Drachen Anders 
Published: November 2023

Background
COVID-19 led governments worldwide to enact a variety of containment and closure policies. Substantial attention has been directed toward the idea that these public health measures may have unanticipated negative side effects. One proposed effect relates to video games. There is a nascent evidence base suggesting that individuals played video games for longer and in a more disordered manner during lockdowns and school closures specifically. These increases are commonly framed as a potential health concern in relation to disordered gaming. However, the evidence base regarding changes in gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic is based on self-report and, thus, is susceptible to bias. Therefore, it is unclear what the true consequences of lockdowns were for gaming behavior worldwide.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to estimate whether any specific lockdown policy led to meaningful increases in the amount of time individuals spent playing video games.

Methods
Rather than relying on self-report, we used >251 billion hours of raw gameplay telemetry data from 184 separate countries to assess the behavioral correlates of COVID-19–related policy decisions. A multilevel model estimated the impact of varying enforcement levels of 8 containment and closure policies on the amount of time that individual users spent in-game. Similar models estimated the impact of policy on overall playtime and the number of users within a country.

Results
No lockdown policy can explain substantial variance in playtime per gamer. School closures were uniquely associated with meaningful increases in total playtime within a country (r2=0.048). However, this was associated with increases in the number of unique individuals playing games (r2=0.057) rather than increases in playtime per gamer (r2<0.001).

Conclusions
Previous work using self-report data has suggested that important increases in heavy gaming may occur during pandemics because of containment and closure (“lockdown”) procedures. This study contrasts with the previous evidence base and finds no evidence of such a relationship. It suggests that significant further work is needed before increases in disordered or heavy gaming are considered when planning public health policies for pandemic preparedness.
The Efficacy of an mHealth App in Facilitating Weight Loss Among Japanese Fitness Center Members: Regression Analysis Study
Authors: Eguchi Akifumi , Kawamura Yumi , Kawashima Takayuki , Ghaznavi Cyrus , Ishimura Keiko , Kohsaka Shun , Matsuo Satoru , Mizuno Shinichiro , Sasaki Yuki , Takahashi Arata , Tanoue Yuta , Yoneoka Daisuke , Miyata Hiroaki , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: November 2023

Background
Self-tracking smartphone apps have emerged as promising tools to encourage healthy behaviors. In this longitudinal study, we used gym use data from members of a major fitness club that operates gyms throughout Japan from January 2014 to December 2019.

Objective
Our objective was to assess the extent to which a health and fitness self-tracking mobile app introduced to gym members on January 1, 2018, contributed to their weight loss. The app allows users to input information regarding diet, sleep, weight, and gym exercise so that they can receive personalized feedback from an artificial intelligence chatbot to improve their health behaviors.

Methods
We used linear regression to quantify the association between app use and weight loss. The primary outcome of the study was the weight loss achieved by each gym user, which was calculated as the difference between their initial and final weights in kilograms, as recorded in the app. Individuals who did not attend the gym or failed to use the mobile app at least twice during the study period were excluded from the analysis. The model accounted for age, gender, distance between the gym and the member’s residence, average weekly number of times a member used the gym, user’s gym membership length in weeks, average weekly number of times a member input information into the app, and the number of weeks that the app was used at least once.

Results
Data from 26,589 participants were analyzed. Statistically significant associations were detected between weight loss and 2 metrics related to app use: the average weekly frequency of use and the total number of weeks in which the app was used at least once. One input per week was found to be associated with a loss of 62.1 (95% CI 53.8-70.5) g, and 1 week of app use was associated with 21.7 (95% CI 20.5-22.9) g of weight loss from the day of the first input to that of the final input to the app. Furthermore, the average number of times that a member used the gym weekly was also shown to be statistically significantly associated with weight loss: 1 use per week was associated with 255.5 (95% CI 228.5-282.6) g of weight loss.

Conclusions
This empirical study demonstrated a significant association between weight loss among gym members and not only the frequency of weekly gym use but also the use of a health and fitness self-tracking app. However, further work is needed to examine the mechanisms through which mobile apps affect health behaviors and to identify the specific app features that are most effective in promoting weight loss.
Nghiên cứu lượng hấp thụ Co2 của rừng tràm (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) ở các độ dày than bùn khác nhau tại vườn quốc gia U Minh Hạ, tỉnh Cà Mau
Authors: Trần Quốc Khải , Dương Văn Nhã , Nguyễn Tấn Truyền , Huỳnh Kiệt Anh Tuấn 
Published: November 2023

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm ước lượng khả năng hấp thụ CO2 của rừng tràm (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) tại Vườn Quốc gia U Minh Hạ, tỉnh Cà Mau. Số liệu được thu thập qua 12 ô tiêu chuẩn theo các độ dày than bùn: T (cm) < 40, T (cm) = 40 - 70, T (cm) = 70 - 100, T (cm) = 100 - 120 và giải tích 21 cây cá thể. Số liệu sau khi thu thập được phân tích để tìm phương trình thích hợp cho mối quan hệ giữa các nhân tố. Kết quả cho thấy phương trình mô tả tốt nhất cho mối quan hệ giữa sinh khối, carbon tích lũy với đường kính thân cây có dạng: Y = (a + b/X)2. Có sự khác nhau giữa lượng CO2 hấp thụ của quần thể rừng tràm ở các độ dày than bùn: T (cm) < 40 là 237,51 tấn/ha, T (cm) = 40 - 70 là 167,73 tấn/ha, T (cm) = 70 - 100 là 42,89 tấn/ha, T (cm) = 100 - 120 là 58,87 tấn/ha. Tổng giá trị hấp thụ CO2 của rừng tràm tại khu vực nghiên cứu là 364.140.005.825 đồng.
The Role of Selected Virulence Factors in Infections Caused by Enterococcus spp.
Authors: Kraszewska Zuzanna , Skuczyńska Iwona , Bogiel Tomasz , Gospodarek-Komkowska Eugenia 
Published: November 2023

Streszczenie
Ziarenkowce z rodzaju Enterococcus spp. są składnikiem mikrobioty ludzi i zwierząt oraz powszechnie występują w środowisku naturalnym. Należą do patogenów warunkowo chorobotwórczych, mogących wywoływać zakażenia o różnej lokalizacji. Bakterie te rzadko wywołują zakażenia pozaszpitalne. Mimo, że do niedawna były uważane za drobnoustroje o niskim potencjale chorobotwórczym, stały się jednym z istotnych patogenów szpitalnych. Ich powszechne występowanie i zdolność do przeżycia w środowisku szpitalnym przyczyniają się do notowanej od kilku lat i nadal wzrastającej częstości ich izolacji, również z zakażeń inwazyjnych. Gatunki najczęściej izolowane z przypadków zakażeń to E. faecalis i E. faecium, stwarzające problemy terapeutyczne w związku z ich narastającą wielolekoopornością. Z powodu rosnącego znaczenia klinicznego, mechanizmów naturalnej i nabytej oporności na antybiotyki oraz potencjalnych czynników wirulencji, ziarenkowce z rodzaju Enterococcus stały się przedmiotem wielu badań. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnej wiedzy dotyczącej najistotniejszych czynników wirulencji mogących występować u bakterii z rodzaju Enterococcus, do których należą – antygen wydzielniczy SagA, białko EfaA, białko powierzchniowe Esp, białko wiążące kolagen Ace, cytolizyna, hialuronidaza, hemaglutynina, lipaza, proteaza serynowa, substancja agregująca, zewnątrzkomórkowe nadtlenki oraz żelatynaza.