bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of In Vivo‐ and In Vitro‐produced Porcine Embryos to Classical Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Schüürmann E , Flögel‐Niesmann G , Mönnig V , Rath D 
Published: August 2005

ContentsThe objective of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of in vivo‐ and in vitro‐produced (IVP) porcine embryos to classical swine fever virus (CSFV). IVP zona pellucida (ZP)‐intact porcine embryos (n = 721) were co‐cultured with CSFV for 120 h. After washing according to the International Embryo Transfer Society guidelines (without trypsin) and transferring embryos to CSFV‐susceptible porcine kidney cells (PK15 cell line), no virus was isolated. However, when 88 IVP ZP‐intact porcine embryos were co‐cultured with CSFV for only 48 h before being transferred to PK15 cells, virus was isolated in three of six replicates. Similarly, 603 in vivo‐produced porcine embryos were co‐cultured with CSFV for 120 h. Subsequently, CSFV was isolated in eight of 50 groups (16%) and the ability of these to form a blastocyst was significantly reduced when compared with the control group (68.2 ± 19.9% vs 81.9 ± 9.7%; p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, the development of CSFV‐exposed IVP porcine embryos was not affected when compared with control embryos (19.1 ± 10.8% vs 18.9 ± 10.6%; p ≥ 0.05). After removal of the ZP of IVP embryos and subsequent co‐culture with CSFV, the virus was isolated from all groups of embryos. These data suggest that virus replication had occurred in the embryonic cells. In conclusion, data indicate that in vivo‐ and in vitro‐produced ZP‐intact porcine embryos differ in their susceptibility to CSFV. Hatched or micro‐manipulated embryos may increase the risk of transmission of CSFV by embryo transfer, which has to be confirmed by in vivo tests under isolation conditions.
Analysis of DNA Fragmentation of Porcine Embryos Exposed to Cryoprotectants
Authors: Rajaei F , Karja NWK , Agung B , Wongsrikeao P , Taniguchi M , Murakami M , Sambuu R , Nii M , Otoi T 
Published: August 2005

ContentsThe chemical toxicity of cryoprotectants to porcine embryos was examined by the evaluation of survival and DNA damage after exposure to cryoprotectants. Porcine blastocysts were exposed to 10% of ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2‐propanediol (PD) or glycerol (GLY) for 1 h at room temperature (23–25°C) and then cultured in vitro for 24 h. The survival rates of blastocysts exposed to PD and GLY were significantly lower than those of control blastocysts in which the embryos were exposed to carrier solution without cryoprotectants. Significantly more DNA‐fragmented nuclei occurred in the cryoprotectant‐exposed blastocysts, compared with the control blastocysts. Moreover, the indices of DNA‐fragmented nuclei in the blastocysts without blastocoele re‐formation after culture were significantly higher than those with blastocoele re‐formation, irrespective of the exposure treatment. These results indicate that the exposure of porcine blastocysts to cryoprotectant decreases the survival rates and increases the DNA‐fragmented nuclei in embryos.
Assessment of Proliferative Activity by AgNOR and PCNA in Prostatic Tissues of Ram Lambs Implanted with Zeranol
Authors: Gulbahar MY , Yuksel H , Guvenc T , Okut H 
Published: August 2005

ContentsThe aim of this study was to assess cellular proliferation using silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in various tissues in the prostate of ram lambs implanted with increasing zeranol doses and to compare the sensitivity of different tissues of lamb prostate to zeranol. Twenty‐four Akkaraman lambs were implanted with increasing zeranol doses, including 12 mg (n = 8), 24 mg (n = 8) and 96 mg (n = 8), with eight lambs serving as controls. After 33 days, the prostate tissues of the lambs were stained using AgNOR and PCNA techniques. The prostate tissues were divided into two compartments – the epithelial tissues, including glandular acinus, collecting duct and penile urethra, and the non‐epithelial tissues, including interstitial tissue and striated muscle. AgNOR dots and PCNA index on each prostatic tissue were counted under a light microscope and were evaluated statistically. AgNOR staining in the treatment groups showed a higher score in the non‐epithelial tissues than the epithelial components, whereas the PCNA index was significant in the epithelial tissues and non‐epithelial tissues had very low PCNA immunostaining. According to the PCNA index, collecting duct epithelium showed more sensitivity to increasing zeranol doses and according to AgNOR counts, there was no difference of sensitivity to zeranol among tissues of the same origin. Both AgNOR counts and PCNA indexes seem to be valuable proliferating markers for the epithelial components of ram prostate, but PCNA index had no significance in relation to the non‐epithelial components in contrast to AgNOR counts. Therefore, the controversial results arising from the combined use of both techniques as proliferating markers for the ram prostate should be considered in further studies.
Different Doses of Porcine Luteinizing Hormone in Precocious Puberty Induction in Gilts
Authors: Gama RD , Vianna WL , Pinese ME , de Campos Rosseto A , de Sant'Anna Moretti A 
Published: August 2005

ContentsThe use of hormonal protocols in puberty induction and synchronization of oestrus has lead to an increase in the efficiency of replacement gilts. The aim of this study was to evaluate different doses of porcine LH in precocious puberty induction and oestrus synchronization in a homogeneous group of gilts. Sixty‐seven homogeneous prepubertal gilts (Camborough 22®) at 137 ± 4 days of age and 87 ± 7 kg were treated with three different hormonal protocols: T1 – 600 UI of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG; Novormon®) and after a 72‐h period 5 mg of LH (Lutropin®); T2 – 600 UI of eCG and a 72‐h period 2.5 mg of LH; T3 – 600 UI of eCG and a 72‐h period 1.25 mg of LH. The ovaries were examined at slaughter, on day 6 after the hormonal treatment. There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the different LH doses in the percentage of the detected oestrus (T1 = 42.85%; T2 = 60.87%, T3 = 52.18%), oestrus duration (T1 = 41.44 ± 16.30 h; T2 = 48.57 ± 16.29 h, T3 = 39.33 ± 11.42 h), number of corpora lutea (T1 = 9.61 ± 5.43; T2 = 9.86 ± 3.32, T3 = 8.13 ± 5.52) and percentage of animals presenting ovarian cystic degeneration (T1 = 33.33%; T2 = 39.13%, T3 = 39.13%). The T2 (2.5 mg of LH) presented the lowest dispersion (p < 0.05) of the LH‐ovulation interval (T1 = 37.17 ± 4.07 h; T2 = 38.26 ± 2.84 h; T3 = 36.25 ± 5.69 h). The LH dose reduction to 2.50 and 1.25 mg presented equal results with the recommended dose of 5.0 mg, and could be used in the precocious induction of oestrus in gilts. The 2.5‐mg LH dose showed the lowest dispersion of ovulation and it can be used in fixed‐time artificial insemination programmes.
Lamprey GnRH‐III Stimulates FSH Secretion in Barrows
Authors: Kauffold J , Schneider F , Zaremba W , Brüssow K‐P 
Published: August 2005

ContentsAlthough studies have indicated that follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release can be dissociated in the pig, the underlying mechanisms are still to be answered. Since it was demonstrated that lamprey gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (l‐GnRH‐III) has preferential FSH‐releasing potency in several mammalian species, we have investigated the gonadotropin‐releasing activity of l‐GnRH‐III in barrows. Each of nine barrows (body weight: 85–90 kg; age: 207 days) received 2 ml saline (S‐barrow), followed by 150 μg l‐GnRH‐III (1.6–1.7 μg/kg body weight) dissolved in 2 ml saline intramuscularly 7 days later. Three pre‐treatment and 13 post‐treatment blood samples were taken at intervals of 30 min to 8 h to assess basal and treatment‐associated concentrations of FSH and LH, respectively, by radioimmunoassay. Animals were defined as having responded to treatment if, 2 h post‐treatment, plasma FSH and/or LH levels were >3 SD of the respective basal concentrations. There was no treatment‐associated FSH response after saline treatment, but a clear FSH response in all l‐GnRH‐III‐injected barrows. On average, the maximum FSH level (205% of the basal concentration) was observed at 1 h post‐treatment. Mean FSH values were elevated until 10 h post‐treatment. There was no LH response either to saline or to l‐GnRH‐III. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a selective FSH‐releasing activity of 150 μg l‐GnRH‐III in barrows. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this effect is ubiquitous in the pig and what the physiological relevance is.
Effect of Oestrous‐cycle Stage on the Response of Mares in a Novel Object Test and Isolation Test
Authors: Hedberg Y , Dalin A‐M , Öhagen P , Holm KR , Kindahl H 
Published: August 2005

ContentsIn various species, sex, hormonal treatments and oestrous‐cycle stage have been shown to affect the animal's response in behavioural tests. Few such studies have been performed in the horse. The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether oestrous‐cycle stage affects mares’ response to a novel object test and isolation test and, in part, to study whether mares, assumed to suffer from oestrous‐related behavioural problems, respond differently in these tests when compared with controls. Twelve mares were tested twice, in oestrus and dioestrus, in a crossover design. Seven behavioural and two heart rate variables were measured for the novel object test and two heart rate variables for the isolation test. Oestrous‐cycle stage and whether a mare was classified as a ‘problem’ mare did not affect the mare's response. However, test order, i.e. the cycle stage a mare was tested in first, affected its reaction. This effect could partly be explained by significant differences between test occasions 1 and 2 in three behavioural variables and one heart rate variable (p < 0.05) in the novel object test. The mares explored the novel object more and had a higher mean heart rate in the first test. Exploring the novel object more could largely be attributed to those mares tested in dioestrus first, perhaps indicating that the mares in oestrus were less receptive to the novel object. The reason for the differences between test occasions could be an effect of learning or habituation.
The Effect of Post‐ovulatory Insemination on the Subsequent Embryonic Loss, Oestrous Cycle Length and Vaginal Discharge in Sows
Authors: Kaeoket K , Tantasuparuk W , Kunavongkrit A 
Published: August 2005

ContentsThe aim of present study was to study the effect of post‐ovulatory insemination on the subsequent embryonic loss, oestrous cycle length and vaginal discharge in sows. Ten Large White multiparous sows were divided into two groups. Group A sows were inseminated once at 15 h after ovulation. Thereafter, they were ovariohysterectomized on day 11 (n = 5, first day of standing oestrus = day 1) and flushed for recovery of embryos. Group B sows were also inseminated once at 15 h after ovulation. They were further observed for return to oestrus and vaginal discharge (n = 5) after insemination. The endometrium tissues were biopsied from sows with vaginal discharge, embedded with paraffin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscope. Only two embryos were observed in one of four sows from group A. All embryos had a spherical shape but differed in size (range 1–2 mm). In group B, only one sow had a regular return to oestrus (i.e. on day 23) and another sow had an irregular return to oestrus (i.e. on day 27). The other two sows in this group had shown vaginal discharge on days 20 and 38 after standing oestrus. For the number of leucocytes in the endometrium of sows with vaginal discharge, a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells were observed in the connective tissue of the subepithelial layer. In conclusion, post‐ovulatory insemination resulted in early embryonic loss, a subsequent prolonged oestrus interval and also vaginal discharge (i.e. endometritis) in sows.
I think, therefore I am: a twin study of attributional style in adolescents
Authors: Lau Jennifer Y.F. , Rijsdijk Frühling , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  Parenting factors may be important to the development of attributional style in adolescence, which in turn relates to depression symptoms. These relationships have mainly been considered in terms of social risk mechanisms, and little is known about the role of genetic influences.Method:  Self‐reported measures of attributional style, depression symptoms and parental disciplinary styles were administered to over 1300 adolescent twin and sibling pairs. Model‐fitting techniques were used to examine the role of genetic and environmental influences.Results:  Moderate genetic influences on attributional style were demonstrated, and furthermore, its association with depression reflected considerable genetic effects. Familial factors were implicated in the association between attributional style and punitive parenting, although genetic from shared environmental causes could not be distinguished.Conclusions:  Our results demonstrate that attributional style is influenced by genetic, as well as social factors. Implications for aetiological pathways integrating cognitive, genetic and social factors on adolescent depression are discussed.
Garden Warbler Sylvia borin migration in sub‐Saharan West Africa: phenology and body mass changes
Authors: OTTOSSON ULF , WALDENSTRÖM JONAS , HJORT CHRISTIAN , MCGREGOR ROSS 
Published: August 2005

The Garden Warbler is a classic subject for the study of Palaearctic–African bird migration strategies. Most studies have considered the situation close to the breeding areas, while the African and especially the sub‐Saharan part of the species’ migration have received comparatively little attention. Here we use autumn and spring ringing data from Nigeria and The Gambia to study the movements and energetics of the species in West Africa during the non‐breeding season. The first Garden Warblers arrive south of the desert around the beginning of September, roughly at the same time as the median date for their passage through the Baltic Sea region and c. 3 weeks before their median passage date through southern Italy. In the Nigerian Sahel savannahs, where, owing to the rainy season and its associated increase in food availability, many more Garden Warblers stop over in autumn than in the dry spring, the median date of passage is 1 October. The body mass on arrival south of the desert is normally only a few grams more than the lean body mass (LBM; 15 g) – with a mean of 16.6 g (sd = ±1.8 g) in The Gambia and 17.4 g (sd = ±1.8 g) in the Nigerian Sahel. After resting and refuelling in the Sahel, Sudan and Guinea‐type savannahs the Garden Warblers depart during November–December for wintering areas further south. Before leaving, they again increase their body mass, with an average fuel load of c. 20%, and often more than 50% relative to LBM. Some of the birds passing through Nigeria probably spend midwinter around the Congo Basin. During spring they return northwards to the Guinea savannah zone in April and fuel‐up there for the trans‐Sahara passage. At this time they normally increase their body reserves to around 50% of the LBM, but c. 10% of the birds gain 100%, thus doubling their mass. The passage there peaks around 20 April and continues well into May. That the main take‐off northwards is directly from the Guinea savannahs is indicated by the very low numbers trapped in the Sahel during spring.
Reducing Waiting Times: Using an Opt‐In System and Changing Prioritisation Criteria
Authors: Woodhouse Anne E. 
Published: August 2005

Background:  The Highland Clinical Psychology Service for Children and Young People, faced with excessive waiting lists, a large geographical remit, and only three psychologists, sought to change waiting list management to improve services.Method:  An opt‐in appointment system and outcome research were used to inform waiting list management. Referrals with the characteristics of cases where psychological interventions are helpful were prioritised over cases that had characteristics of poor outcomes.Results:  Attendance at first appointments was significantly increased and waiting times were significantly reduced.Conclusions:  The success of the opt‐in system replicated research in other CAMHS. It is also hypothesised that the new waiting list prioritisation criteria had an effect, although this needs further research. Issues associated with the change in waiting list prioritisation are discussed and it is suggested that prioritising treatable cases over complex cases is an appropriate, effective and ethical use of scarce resources.
Caries experience in the primary dentition among French 6‐year‐olds between 1991 and 2000
Authors: Adam Colette , Eid Ariane , Riordan Paul J. , Wolikow Maryse , Cohen Fabien 
Published: August 2005

Abstract –  Background:  There are few national caries preventive policies for children in France. Various surveys suggest that in the late 1980s, oral health of the 6‐year olds in France was poorer than in those of other European countries. In Val de Marne (a Department just east of Paris) a public dental service was established in 1991. A programme to inform preschool staff about dental diseases was commenced and volunteers brought oral health information to parents and health professionals. Periodical monitoring of primary tooth caries of 6‐year olds was planned.Aim:  The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in primary tooth caries in 6‐year olds over the 10 years of the programme.Methods:  Participating 6‐year olds, randomly selected, were examined in schools by dentists. Clinical data were collected (WHO criteria). Sociodemographic data were collected through questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved comparison of mean values, variance analysis and chi‐square test for categorical variables.Results:  The proportions of children with caries experience were, 38.9%, 30.6% and 22.2% in 1991, 1995 and 2000 respectively (P < 0.01). The dft index decreased from 1.74 to 1.39 and 1.05 respectively. About 75% of children with dental caries remained untreated. Children of non‐European native parents or belonging to low socioeconomic families remained those most affected by dental caries in 2000.Conclusion:  Dental caries in 6‐year olds improved between 1991 and 2000 in Val de Marne but caries remained a socially inequitable disease. Most children did not have access to dental care. The situation requires changes to the dental care provision system.
Evidence for putting the calculus: caries inverse relationship to work
Authors: Duckworth Ralph M. , Huntington Eric 
Published: August 2005

Abstract –  Objectives:  To report previously unpublished data from three different types of clinical study to show the strength of the evidence purporting to demonstrate the existence of an inverse relationship between subjects’ calculus and caries experience.Methods:  Data have been analysed from: a 3‐year caries clinical trial of six toothpastes conducted in Lanarkshire, Scotland that involved 3000 children, Study 1; a caries epidemiological study in the Isle of Lewis that involved 228 children, Study 2; a calculus formation study carried out at Port Sunlight using a wide age range of adults, Study 3.Results:  Baseline data taken from Study 1 show that caries prevalence is highly significantly lower in calculus‐prone than in calculus‐free subjects (P < 0.0001). The inverse relationship is also demonstrated by the 3‐year caries increment data for subjects who had used non‐zinc toothpastes. Results from Study 2 show that a similar association arose for 8‐year olds over a 6‐year period, based on their erupting teeth alone. Finally, data from Study 3 show that whilst the extent of caries and calculus experience are both positively linked to age, within specific age groups the relationship between the two dental conditions on an individual subject basis is clearly of an inverse nature.Conclusions:  The present work confirms that calculus status has a direct bearing on both current and future caries experience. Baseline calculus status could be, and has subsequently been demonstrated to be, a useful stratifying factor for caries clinical trials.
Reliability and validity of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in a Turkish population
Authors: Tunc Elıf Pak , Firat Denız , Onur Ozen Dogan , Sar Vedat 
Published: August 2005

Abstract –  Objectives:  Fear of dentistry is a common obstacle to obtaining dental care in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability, validity and psychometric characteristics of the Turkish translation of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and compare it to the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) scores obtained in the same population.Methods:  The Turkish translated version of the MDAS was administered to 115 dental patients; 21 subjects who suffered from dental phobia, requiring general anesthesia for dental procedures, and 94 who did not have dental anxiety, in addition to 442 subjects from the general population.Results:  The Turkish translated version of the MDAS was internally consistent and reproducible. The patients with dentist phobia had the highest score. The Turkish MDAS correlated with the DFS (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). The MDAS scale correlated inversely (r = −0.14, P < 0.005) with level of education; however, it did not correlate with economic status. Women scored higher than men on the scale (mean = 12.3, SD = 5.2 vs. mean = 10.9, SD = 4.5, P < 0.005). At a cut‐off point ≥15, sensitivity was 0.80, specificity 0.74, positive predictive value 0.41 and negative predictive value 0.94.Conclusion:  Although the specificity values were low, the Turkish MDAS demonstrated acceptable sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values. Thus, high reliability and validity of the MDAS supports its cross‐cultural validity and indicated that it may be a valuable tool in quantifying fear of dentistry among Turks.
Childhood circumstances, psychosocial factors and the social impact of adult oral health
Authors: Sanders Anne E. , Spencer A. John 
Published: August 2005

Abstract –  Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine whether childhood familial conditions are associated with the social impact of adult oral health and to investigate the role of psychosocial attributes as potential mechanisms by which risk might be conveyed from childhood to adulthood.Methods:  Using a cross‐sectional design, self‐report data were obtained from a representative sample of adults in Australia with a telephonic interview and a self‐completed questionnaire. The dependent variable was the sum of impacts on the short‐form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). Childhood familial conditions included socioeconomic position assessed by paternal occupation group, family structure and quality of rearing. Current adult sense of control, perceived stress and satisfaction with life were assessed with standard scales and social support was evaluated with four items.Results:  Data were obtained for 3678 dentate adults aged 18–91 years. In bivariate analysis controlling for sex, age and household income in adulthood, parenting style was significantly associated with OHIP‐14 scores (anova, P < 0.001). Adults who were reared supportively had more favourable scores on all four current psychosocial attributes (anova, P < 0.001). All four psychosocial attributes were associated with summed OHIP scores in the expected directions (anova, P < 0.001). In the multiple regression, parental rearing style was significantly associated with social impact after adjusting for sex, age and household income in adulthood, but was no longer significant in the presence of the psychosocial factors.Conclusion:  The importance of parental rearing to adult oral health may be mediated through the quality and nature of psychosocial attributes.