bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untapped options to reduce waste from blister packaging for tablets and capsules
Authors: Falconnier-Williams Olivia C. , Taeschner Walter , Hille Andreas , Falconnier Ariane D. , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In Europe, most medicines are taken orally and primarily packaged as single solid oral dosage forms (SODF) in blister chambers (alveoli) arranged on blister cards. Blister cards are constructed as multilayer laminates of aluminum (Al) foils and/or various plastic polymers bonded together, forming the alveoli, which are separated by more or less large gaps. We calculated the amount of packaging material (and thus waste) generated annually for the packaging of the most commonly prescribed SODF in Germany and estimated how much waste could be saved by rearranging the alveoli.

Methods
For this purpose, we analysed the SODF of the 50 most frequently prescribed medicines that were packaged in alveoli (N = 45; 13 of aluminum-aluminum blisters, 32 of mixed materials), measured and weighed their packaging material and content, calculated the annual amount of waste produced from them, and estimated how much waste could be saved if the alveoli were optimally positioned on the blister cards. In addition, we examined the variability of the blister packaging of eight groups of commonly prescribed generics of the same strength.

Results
Detailed analysis of the blister cards revealed that most of the material (69%) was used for the space between blisters and that aluminum-aluminum alveoli were more than four times larger than the packaged SODF. The (conservatively) estimated annual amount of composite waste generated for the primary packaging of these SODF was 3868 t (and extrapolated to the entire German pharmaceutical market 8533 t), of which an optimized arrangement of the blister chambers, i.e., a 2-mm sealing area around each alveolus and the arrangement of the SODF in 2 rows, would save approximately 37%.

Conclusion
Considering that other ecological strategies are not yet mature, the optimal arrangement of blister chambers would be a captivatingly simple and, above all, immediately implementable strategy to avoid large amounts of avoidable waste.
Chronic Cough as a Genetic Neurological Disorder? Insights from Cerebellar Ataxia with Neuropathy and Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome (CANVAS)
Authors: Turner Richard D. , Hirons Barnaby , Cortese Andrea , Birring Surinder S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic cough is common, and in many cases unexplained or refractory to otherwise effective treatment of associated medical conditions. Cough hypersensitivity has developed as a paradigm that helps to explain clinical and research observations that frequently point towards chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder. Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is a recently described neurological condition whose clinical features include gait ataxia, unsteadiness, peripheral neuropathy, and autonomic dysfunction. Chronic cough is also a common feature of the syndrome, with features of hypersensitivity, often preceding core neurological symptoms by up to 30 years or more. The genetic basis in a majority of cases of CANVAS appears to be biallelic variable repeat intron expansion sequences within RFC1, a gene normally involved in the regulation of DNA replication and repair. The same polymorphism has now been identified at an increased frequency in patients with unexplained or refractory chronic cough in the absence of defining clinical features of CANVAS. This review expands on these points, aiming to increase the awareness of CANVAS amongst clinicians and researchers working with chronic cough. We discuss the implications of a link between RFC1 disease and cough. Improved understanding of CANVAS may lead to an enhanced grasp of the pathophysiology of chronic cough, and new approaches to antitussive treatments.
One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as revisional procedures after failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG): systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Vitiello Antonio , Berardi Giovanna , Peltrini Roberto , Calabrese Pietro , Pilone Vincenzo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to compare weight loss and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remission after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as revisional procedures after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods
In PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, a search was performed using the terms “Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus one anastomosis gastric bypass,” “revisional surgery,” and
“sleeve gastrectomy.” Only original articles in English language comparing OAGB and RYGB were included. No temporal interval was set. The primary outcome measure was weight loss (%TWL). The secondary endpoints were leak, bleeding, marginal ulcer, and GERD. PRISMA flowchart was used. Differences in continuous and dichotomous outcome variables were expressed as mean difference (MD) and risk difference (RD) with 95% CI, respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed by using I2 statistic.

Results
Six retrospective comparative articles were included in the present meta-analysis. Weight loss analysis showed a MD = 5.70 (95% CI 4.84–6.57) in favor of the OAGB procedure with a statistical significance (p = 0.00001) and no significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%). There was no significant RD for leak, bleeding, or marginal ulcer after the two revisional procedures. After conversion to OAGB, remission from GERD was 68.6% (81/118), and it was 80.6% (150/186) after conversion to RYGB with a RD = 0.10 (95% CI −0.04, 0.24), no statistical significance (p = 0.19), and high heterogeneity (I2
= 96%). De novo GERD was 6.3% (16/255) after conversional OAGB, and it was 0.5% (1/180) after conversion to RYGB with a RD = −0.23 (95% CI −0.57, 0.11), no statistical significance (p = 0.16), and high heterogeneity (I2
= 92%).
Unsupervised identification of cardiometabolic profiles among adolescents: findings from the PARIS birth cohort study
Authors: Lefebvre Léa , Grunemwald Thomas , Hamrene Karima , Roda Céline , Momas Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as a risk factor in cardiometabolic morbidity but there is no consensus on its definition for teenagers. We aimed to identify cardiometabolic health profiles and which parameters best discriminate them. K-means partitioning identified cardiometabolic profiles by sex using data on health measurements of 530 adolescents from the PARIS birth cohort. A discriminant analysis was performed. Cardiometabolic risk score and handgrip strength were also measured. Depending on definitions, MetS prevalence ranged from 0.2% to 1.3%. Two profiles were identified for the entire group and by sex: “healthy” and “at cardiometabolic risk.” Weight and waist-to-height ratio or waist circumference explained more than 87% of the variance in the profile differentiation. The “at cardiometabolic risk” profiles included adolescents with overweight, a waist-to-height ratio over 0.5, and prehypertension. They had higher cardiometabolic risk scores and parents who were more likely to be overweight and have cardiometabolic diseases themselves. They also had higher birthweights, earlier adiposity-rebound and puberty ages, and lower relative handgrip strength. Conclusion: The two profiles identified, based on cardiometabolic health, were associated with early indicators and handgrip strength. Results suggest that the waist-to-height ratio is a useful clinical tool for screening individuals at cardiometabolic risk and who therefore require clinical follow-up.

What is Known:• Although there is a need for tools to assess cardiometabolic health during adolescence, there is no consensus on the definition of metabolic syndrome for this age group.

What is Knew:• The findings suggest that waist-to-height ratio can serve as a simple and valuable clinical tool for screening individuals at cardiometabolic risk who may require clinical monitoring for early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Acoustic Analysis of Swallowing of an Experimental Meal of Three Food Textures: A Comparative Aging Study
Authors: Baqué Jean , Huret Océane , Rayneau Pierre , Schleich Marianne , Morinière Sylvain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSwallowing disorders in the elderly represent a public health problem, their detections are a medico-economic issue. The acoustic analysis of swallowing has the advantages of being non-invasive with no radiation, compared to videofluoroscopy or fiberoptic swallowing assessments. Acoustic analysis of swallowing has been tested in many studies but only on small food boluses. The aim of this study was to compare the acoustic swallowing parameters of two groups of healthy subjects, before and after 70 years old, during the intake of a series of 3 food textures. A laryngophone was used to record the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The experimental meal was composed of 100 ml of mashed potatoes, 100 ml of water, and 100 ml of yogurt. Group 1 (50–70 years old) comprised 21 subjects and group 2 (over 70 years old) 23 subjects. Acoustic parameters analyzed were the number of swallows, average duration of swallowing, average duration of inter-swallowing, meal duration, and the average frequency of swallowing per minute. These parameters for groups 1 and 2 were compared. The average duration of inter-swallowing and the meal duration were significantly higher in the older group (p < 0.001), with a mean duration of inter-swallowing that was 2.4 s longer than the younger group. The average swallowing frequency per minute was higher in the younger group (11.3 vs 7.9; p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that acoustic analysis of an experimental meal of three food textures generated usable data on swallowing. In the over 70 age group, there was a decrease in swallowing frequency, indicating a slowdown in food intake. A reduced swallowing frequency could become a criteria to assess presbyphagia.
Electrochemistry education in the twenty-first century: the current landscape in the UK, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Turner Kristy L. , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Holt Katherine B. , He Siyuan , Read Sofia , Blackburn Jessica , Miah Nyeema 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemistry education of future researchers is crucial if we are to decarbonise economies and reach targets for net zero, and this arguably begins with education in electrochemistry within undergraduate degrees. This paper reviews the teaching of electrochemistry in UK universities at the undergraduate degree level. We review where and how electrochemical concepts are introduced into chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science programmes. We provide some motivation for this review, which was stimulated by discussions from a workshop on the ‘Future of Fundamental Electrochemistry Research in the UK’, held in 2022. We summarise briefly how consensus on UK degree programme course content has been reached and inconsistencies that remain. Electrochemistry curriculum content from a convenience sample of UK universities, and disciplines, has been collected and is summarised, with a reflection on some trends. Finally, we present some implications for policy. A roadmap is suggested to ensure that the teaching of electrochemical fundamentals is addressed in the curriculum at an appropriate level to underpin the many technically relevant applications of electrochemistry that graduates will encounter in their further education or employment.
The epidemiology of multidrug-resistant organisms in persons diagnosed with cancer in Norway, 2008–2018: expanding surveillance using existing laboratory and register data
Authors: Danielsen Anders Skyrud , Elstrøm Petter , Eriksen-Volle Hanne-Merete , Hofvind Solveig , Eyre David W. , Kacelnik Oliver , Bjørnholt Jørgen Vildershøj 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSurveillance has revealed an increase of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), even in low-prevalent settings such as Norway. MDROs pose a particular threat to at-risk populations, including persons with cancer. It is necessary to include such populations in future infection surveillance. By combining existing data sources, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of MDROs in persons diagnosed with cancer in Norway from 2008 to 2018. A cohort was established using data from the Cancer Registry of Norway, which was then linked to notifications of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin- and/or linezolid-resistant enterococci (V/LRE), and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (CP-GNB) from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases, and laboratory data on third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E) from Oslo University Hospital (OUH). We described the incidence of MDROs and resistance proportion in Enterobacterales from 6 months prior to the person’s first cancer diagnosis and up to 3 years after. The cohort included 322,005 persons, of which 0.3% (878) were diagnosed with notifiable MDROs. Peak incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were 60.9 for MRSA, 97.2 for V/LRE, and 6.8 for CP-GNB. The proportion of 3GCR-E in Enterobacterales in blood or urine cultures at OUH was 6% (746/12,534). Despite overall low MDRO incidence, there was an unfavourable trend in the incidence and resistance proportion of Gram-negative bacteria. To address this, there is a need for effective infection control and surveillance. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of expanding the surveillance of MDROs and at-risk populations through the linkage of existing laboratory and register data.
Mixtures of generalized normal distributions and EGARCH models to analyse returns and volatility of ESG and traditional investments
Authors: Duttilo Pierdomenico , Gattone Stefano Antonio , Iannone Barbara 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnvironmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria are increasingly integrated into investment process to contribute to overcoming global sustainability challenges. Focusing on the reaction to turmoil periods, this work analyses returns and volatility of several ESG indices and makes a comparison with their traditional counterparts from 2016 to 2022. These indices comprise the following markets: Global, the US, Europe and emerging markets. Firstly, the two-component mixture of generalized normal distribution was exploited to objectively detect financial market turmoil periods with the Naïve Bayes’ classifier. Secondly, the EGARCH-in-mean model with exogenous dummy variables was applied to capture the turmoil period impact. Results show that returns and volatility are both affected by turmoil periods. The return–risk performance differs by index type and market: the European ESG index is less volatile than its traditional market benchmark, while in the other markets, the estimated volatility is approximately the same. Moreover, ESG and non-ESG indices differ in terms of turmoil periods impact, risk premium and leverage effect.
On the 430-cap of $$\textrm{PG}(6,4)$$ having two intersection sizes with respect to hyperplanes
Authors: Bamberg John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLet $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
be a 430-cap of $$\textrm{PG}(6,4)$$

PG
(
6
,
4
)

having two intersection sizes with respect to hyperplanes. We show that no hyperplane of $$\textrm{PG}(6,4)$$

PG
(
6
,
4
)

intersects $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
in a Hill 78-cap. So if it can be shown that the Hill 78-cap of $$\textrm{PG}(5,4)$$

PG
(
5
,
4
)

is projectively unique, then such a 430-cap does not exist, or equivalently, a two-weight $$[430,7]_{\mathbb {F}_4}$$

[
430
,
7
]

F
4

linear code with dual weight at least 4, does not exist.
$$\varepsilon $$-Almost collision-flat universal hash functions and mosaics of designs
Authors: Wiese Moritz , Boche Holger 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe introduce, motivate and study $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-almost collision-flat universal (ACFU) hash functions $$f:\mathcal X\times \mathcal S\rightarrow \mathcal A$$

f
:
X
×
S
→
A

. Their main property is that the number of collisions in any given value is bounded. Each $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-ACFU hash function is an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-almost universal (AU) hash function, and every $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-almost strongly universal (ASU) hash function is an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-ACFU hash function. We study how the size of the seed set $$\mathcal S$$
S
depends on $$\varepsilon ,|\mathcal X |$$

ε
,
|
X
|

and $$|\mathcal A |$$

|
A
|

. Depending on how these parameters are interrelated, seed-minimizing ACFU hash functions are equivalent to mosaics of balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) or to duals of mosaics of quasi-symmetric block designs; in a third case, mosaics of transversal designs and nets yield seed-optimal ACFU hash functions, but a full characterization is missing. By either extending $$\mathcal S$$
S
or $$\mathcal X$$
X
, it is possible to obtain an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-ACFU hash function from an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-AU hash function or an $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-ASU hash function, generalizing the construction of mosaics of designs from a given resolvable design (Gnilke et al. in Des. Codes Cryptogr. 86(1):85–95, 2017). The concatenation of an ASU and an ACFU hash function again yields an ACFU hash function. Finally, we motivate ACFU hash functions by their applicability in privacy amplification.
On the equivalence of $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}$$-linear generalized Hadamard codes
Authors: Bhunia Dipak K. , Fernández-Córdoba Cristina , Vela Carlos , Villanueva Mercè 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLinear codes of length n over $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

, p prime, called $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-additive codes, can be seen as subgroups of $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}^n$$

Z

p
s

n

. A $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-linear generalized Hadamard (GH) code is a GH code over $$\mathbb {Z}_p$$

Z
p

which is the image of a $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-additive code under a generalized Gray map. It is known that the dimension of the kernel allows to classify these codes partially and to establish some lower and upper bounds on the number of such codes. Indeed, in this paper, for $$p\ge 3$$

p
≥
3

prime, we establish that some $$\mathbb {Z}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-linear GH codes of length $$p^t$$

p
t

having the same dimension of the kernel are equivalent to each other, once t is fixed. This allows us to improve the known upper bounds. Moreover, up to $$t=10$$

t
=
10

if $$p=3$$

p
=
3

or $$t=8$$

t
=
8

if $$p=5$$

p
=
5

, this new upper bound coincides with a known lower bound based on the rank and dimension of the kernel.
Probing the case for manufacturer liability for harms caused by judgment-proof consumers to others
Authors: Friehe Tim , Rössler Christoph , Schulte Elisabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study whether it is socially desirable to hold a monopolistic firm liable for the harm its potentially judgment-proof consumers inflict on third parties. Consumers’ judgment-proofness limits potential product differentiation by pooling different consumer types with uniform liability exposure. The firm’s safety choices are distorted in both regimes under consideration: consumer-only liability and residual-manufacturer liability. We find that residual-manufacturer liability dominates consumer-only liability if the monopolistic firm can observe consumers’ types, or if consumers’ types are not observable but heterogeneity stems only from their asset levels. However, if the monopolistic firm cannot observe consumers’ types and heterogeneity stems from their harm levels, it is more difficult to make a case for residual-manufacturer liability.
evalPM: a framework for evaluating machine learning models for particulate matter prediction
Authors: Woltmann Lucas , Deepe Jonas , Hartmann Claudio , Lehner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAir pollution through particulate matter (PM) is one of the largest threats to human health. To understand the causes of PM pollution and enact suitable countermeasures, reliable predictions of future PM concentrations are required. In the scientific literature, many methods exist for machine learning (ML)-based PM prediction, though their quality is difficult to compare because, among other things, they use different data sets and evaluate the resulting predictions differently. For a new data set, it is not apparent which of the existing prediction methods is best suited. In order to ease the assessment of said models, we present evalPM, a framework to easily create, evaluate, and compare different ML models for immission-based PM prediction. To achieve this, the framework provides flexibility regarding data sets, input features, target variables, model types, hyperparameters, and model evaluation. It has a modular design consisting of several components, each providing at least one required flexibility. The individual capabilities of the framework are demonstrated using 16 different models from the related literature by means of temporal prediction of PM concentrations for four European data sets, showing the capabilities and advantages of the evalPM framework. In doing so, it is shown that the framework allows fast creation and evaluation of ML-based PM prediction models.
Relativistic particle measurement in jupiter’s magnetosphere with Pix.PAN
Authors: Hulsman Johannes , Wu Xin , Azzarello Philipp , Bergmann Benedikt , Campbell Michael , Clark George , Cadoux Franck , Ilzawa Tomoya , Kollmann Peter , Llopart Xavi , Nénon Quentin , Paniccia Mercedes , Roussos Elias , Smolyanskiy Petr , Sukhonos Daniil , Thonet Pierre Alexandre 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPix.PAN is a compact cylindrical magnetic spectrometer, intended to provide excellent high energy particle measurements under high rate and hostile operating conditions in space. Its principal design is composed of two Halbach-array magnetic sectors and six Timepix4-based tracking layers; the latest hybrid silicon pixel detector readout ASIC designed. Due to Pix.PAN’s compact and relatively simple design, it has the potential to be used for space missions exploring with measurements of unprecedented precision, high energy particles in radiation belts and the heliophere (solar energetic particles, anomalous and galactic cosmic rays). In this white paper, we discuss the design and expected performance of Pix.PAN for COMPASS (Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks), a mission concept submitted to NASA’s Call “B.16 Heliophysics Mission Concept Studies (HMCS)” in 2021 that targets the extreme high energy particle environment of Jupiter’s inner radiation belts. We also discuss PixPAN’s operational conditions and interface requirements. The conceptual design shows that is possible to achieve an energy resolution of<12% for electrons in the range of 10 MeV-1 GeV and<35% for protons between $$\sim $$
∼
200 MeV to a few GeV. Due to the timestamp precision of Timepix4, a time resolution (on an instrument level) of about 100 ps can be achieved for time-of-flight measurements. In the most intense radiation environments of the COMPASS mission, Pix.PAN is expected to have a maximum hit rate of 44$$\frac{\text {MHz}}{\text {cm}^2}$$

MHz

cm
2

which is below the design limit of 360$$\frac{\text {MHz}}{\text {cm}^2}$$

MHz

cm
2

of Timepix4. Finally, a sensor design is proposed which allows the instrument to operate with a power budget of 20W without the loss of scientific performance.