bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical demonstration of androgen receptor in breast cancer and its relationship to other prognostic factors
Authors: Isola Jorma J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAndrogen actions and androgen receptors (ARs) have been described in human breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. With the use of a new monoclonal anti‐AR antibody, AR was immunohistochemically demonstrated in 76 primary breast cancers. Positive immunostaining was found in 79 per cent of tumours. Benign ductal epithelium was often AR‐positive whereas the tumour stroma lacked AR immunoreactivity. At the subcellular level, nuclear localization was evident using either cross‐linking (Zamboni's fluid) or precipitating (acetone) fixatives on frozen sections. The use of archival paraffin‐embedded tissue yielded negative results. A significant association was found between expression of AR and oestrogen receptor (ER) (P=0.0006) determined immunohistochemically on adjacent sections. Most progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative cases were also AR‐negative (P=0.02), but significant proportion (38 per cent) of AR‐positive tumours did not contain PR. Unlike ER, AR was not associated with aneuploidy or erb‐B2 oncogene overexpression, and was only marginally associated with tumour proliferation rate (S‐phase fraction by DNA flow cytometry). In conclusion, the close association of AR with ER and PR suggests that immunohistochemical determination of androgen receptors may have value as a prognostic factor and/or predictor of response to endocrine therapy.
Demonstration of coxsackie virus RNA in formalin‐fixed tissue sections from childhood myocarditis cases by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Hilton David A. , Variend Sadick , Pringle James H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis is a combined study using in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction to investigate the presence of Coxsackie virus RNA in formalin‐fixed tissue from cases of childhood myocarditis. Of the ten cases studied, two were positive by both methods. The virus RNA was predominantly located in areas showing an inflammatory cell infiltrate and myofibre necrosis. These findings suggest that direct lytic infection of myocytes by virus is responsible for myocaiditis in these cases, rather than an autoimmune process, which has been suggested previously. The findings in one case, where the virus showed a marked sub‐endocardial distribution, may have implications for the aetiology of endocardial fibroelastosis by confirming a viral tropism for this location. The techniques used in this study are easily repeatable and can be directly applied to look for viruses in a number of other diseases where a viral aetiology is suspected.
Protection of germinal centres from complement attack: Decay‐accelerating factor (DAF) is a constitutive protein on follicular dendritic cells. A study in reactive and neoplastic follicles
Authors: Lampert I. A. , Schofield J. B. , Amlot P. , Van Noorden Susan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe development of B‐cell memory is linked to the presence of germinal centres. This process is dependent on the presence of antigen, usually in the form of immune complexes with antibody, on the surface of the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) that form a network in the germinal centre. The presence of immune complexes poses a constant danger of activating complement. Decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) and the membrane attack complex (MAC) inhibitor (CD59) are two cell proteins whose sole function is to protect cells from the action of complement, the former affecting the earlier components of the complement cascade, and the latter the terminal ones; both are bound to the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol link. DAF but not CD59 could be demonstrated on FDCs. DAF is also present on the FDCs in follicular lymphomas despite the absence of complement (C3) in neoplastic follicles. This indicates that DAF is constitutive to FDCs but does not preclude the possibility that its expression is increased when immune complexes are deposited.
An immunohistological study of cutaneous lymphocytes in vitiligo
Authors: Badri A. M. T. Al , Todd Pamela M. , Garioch Jennifer J. , Gudgeon Janet E. , Stewart D. G. , Goudie R. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a study of 49 biopsies from the margins of depigmented cutaneous lesions in 18 patients with vitiligo, highly significant overall increases were found in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, though cell numbers in individual cases were often within the normal range. Many of the T cells were activated (MHC class II+, interferon gamma+), of CD45RO (UCHL1+) memory subset, and many expressed the cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (HECA‐452+) typical of skin‐homing T cells. Immunohistologically, the most intense epidermal T‐cell infiltration was present within 0.6 mm of the edge of the lesion in 10 of 13 double‐stained sections with a clearly defined zone of melanocyte depletion. In 40 lesions from 17 patients seen 11–64 weeks after biopsy, no apparent association was found between T‐cell numbers and disease activity as assessed by Köbnerization of biopsy wounds or spread of depigmentation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that lesional T cells rather than circulating antimelanocytic antibody may be responsible for the supposedly autoimmune but characteristically patchy destruction of cutaneous melanocytes in vitiligo. Nevertheless, many of the infiltrating T cells are probably innocent bystanders attracted by upregulated cell adhesion molecules near sites of melanocyte damage.
Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in dysplasia of the bronchial epithelium
Authors: Pendleton Neil , Dixon Glen R. , Burnett Heather E. , Occleston Nicholas L. , Myskow Michael W. , Green John A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is expressed in cells in the cell cycle and has been studied as a marker of proliferation in lung and other tumours. We have noted immunocytochemical differences in PCNA expression between normal and neoplastic bronchial cells. As bronchial dysplasia is considered preneoplastic, we have examined PCNA expression in this condition. PCNA staining in 47 cases of bronchial dysplasia and 32 samples of normal bronchial epithelium was compared. Of the dysplasias, three were mild, 11 moderate, and 33 severe. A significant increase in PCNA counts over normal epithelium was seen only in moderate and severe dysplasias. In dysplasia, mitotic indices showed a significant positive correlation with the percentage of PCNA‐positive cells. We conclude that in moderate and severe dysplasias there is an increase in the number of cells expressing PCNA and undergoing division, indicating abnormal growth control.
Constant detection of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin heavy and light chain expression in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded material
Authors: Merz Hartmut , Rickers Olaf , Schrimel Stefan , Orscheschek Karin , Feller Alfred C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe introduction of microwave detection systems has significantly enhanced the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. The combination of protease digestion and microwave treatment including the use of heavy metal salts or urea gives an Ig heavy and light chain detection system in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded material as good as that achieved using fresh frozen material, with the advantage of a well‐preserved morphology. The sensitivity of this method depends on the heavy metal salt used and its concentration. The use of urea yields equally sensitive results, while avoiding the toxicity of heavy metal salts. Heating times in the microwave oven also have an important influence on the results. The microwave‐based technique may allow for the improved accessibility of formalin‐masked antigens, as was shown here for cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulins. It was demonstrated that formalin‐fixed specimens of Burkitt's lymphoma when subjected to the new protocol almost always showed surface Ig expression, giving results comparable to those obtained in frozen sections. Moreover, it could be shown that in cases of B‐chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (B‐CLL) or immunocytoma, surface and cytoplasmic Ig could be detected, so that the difference may be just a quantitative one and thus may no longer be safely used as a criterion in differential diagnosis. In future, the wide use of this technique will allow for the study of Ig expression at the single cell level in morphologically well‐preserved material.
Immunohistochemical identification of leucocyte populations in normal tissue and inflamed synovium of the rabbit
Authors: Wilkinson J. Michael , McDonald Gillian , Smith Simon , Galea‐lauri Joanna , Lewthwaite Joanne , Henderson Brian , Revell Peter A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA panel of monoclonal antibodies which recognizes well‐defined markers of rabbit leucocytes has been used in an immunohistochemical survey of normal rabbit spleen, thymus, and liver, and of inflamed synovial tissue. The results demonstrate that these antibodies are well suited for the identification of leucocytes in frozen sections of rabbit tissues and that T lymphocytes, macrophages. and neutrophils can be readily distinguished. Antibodies to CD44 differentiate between medullary and cortical thymocytes, with the cortical cells being almost entirely negative for this marker. Antibodies to RLA class II show that periportal lymphocytes in the liver express RLA‐DR but not RLA‐DQ. The type A cells of the synovial lining from inflamed joint tissue are stained by antibodies that recognize macrophages in a manner similar to that found in the human synovial lining.
Monoclonal antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins: An immunohistochemical investigation of human colon cancer
Authors: Porter Rebecca M. , Holme Thomas C. , Newman E. Luke , Hopwood David , Wilkinson J. Michael , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies raised to a number of microfilament‐associated proteins were shown to recognize the appropriate proteins in extracts from human colon tissue. They were then used in an immunohistochemical study of normal colonic mucosa, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas. A strong reaction was seen in stromal cells within the tumours (both adenomas and adenocarcinomas) when frozen sections were stained with antibodies to filamin and caldesmon. In addition, a similar reaction was seen in the adenocarcinomas when stained with antibodies to talin and gelsolin. We believe that immunohistochemical staining with these antibodies reveals a tumour‐induced process in the surrounding cells, possibly related to a host response to tumours.
P53 overexpression and Epstein‐Barr virus infection in undifferentiated and squamous cell nasopharyngeal carcinomas
Authors: Niedobitek Gerald , Agathanggelou Angelo , Barber Peter , Smallman Lesley A. , Jones E. Lynn , Young Lawrence S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have analysed 22 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) for expression of the small nuclear Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded RNAs (EBERs) and for immunohistologically detectable overexpression of p53. in situ hybridization demonstrated expression of the EBERs in 13 undifferentiated NPCs while nine squamous cell NPCs were EBER‐negative. These results therefore confirm our previous DNA‐DNA in situ hybridization studies and demonstrate that in the nasopharynx EBV is exclusively associated with undifferentiated but not with squamous cell carcinomas. p53 overexpression was demonstrated by immunohistology in 5 of 9 squamous cell NPCs and in 9 of 13 undifferentiated NPCs. Thus, there appears to be no correlation of p53 overexpression with EBV infection. These results are unexpected in the light of previous studies demonstrating that the p53 gene in primary undifferentiated NPC is consistently in the wild‐type configuration. By contrast, analyses of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck have demonstrated that p53 overexpression in these cases is the result of p53 gene mutation. Whilst more detailed genetic analysis is required, our results suggest that mechanisms other than mutation of the p53 gene may be responsible for the stabilization of the protein in cases of undifferentiated NPC. It is tempting to speculate that an EBV‐encoded protein may be involved.
Ulcer‐associated cell lineage (‘pyloric metaplasia’) in crohn's disease: A lectin histochemical study
Authors: Roberts Ian S. D. , Stoddart Robert W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChronic intestinal ulceration in Crohn's disease is associated with the development of an epidermal growth factor‐secreting cell lineage, or ‘ulcer‐associated cell lineage’ (UACL).1 Expression of oligosaccharides by UACL was studied using a panel of 25 biotinylated lectins with an avidin peroxidase revealing system and compared with that of adult and fetal Brunner's glands, gastric antral mucosa, and ‘gastric metaplasia’ within the duodenum, in order to clarify further the interrelationships of these lineages. UACL was obtained from ileal resections performed for Crohn's disease.Lectin binding of the glandular component of UACL closely resembled that of antral mucosal glands and also that of fetal and adult Brunner's glands. Lectin binding of the ductal component of immature UACL, in which a surface component had not developed, resembled that of the gland. The surface and ductal components of mature UACL showed a distinct lectin‐binding profile, which was very different from that of the gland, but closely resembled that of antral foveolar epithelium and ‘gastric metaplasia’ within the duodenum.It is concluded that there is differentiation of UACL from the glandular to surface components and that oligosaccharide expression of the lineage reflects that of normal Brunner's gland and gastric antral mucosa.
p53 Antigen in cervical condylomata, intraepithelial neoplasia, and carcinoma: Relationship to hpv infection and integration
Authors: Cooper Kumarasen , Herrington C. Simon , Evans Mark F. , Gatter Kevin C. , McGee James O'D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been proposed that wild‐type p53 cell‐regulating functions are annulled in human cervical carcinomas, either by mutations in the human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative cases or as a consequence of their complexing with HPV E6. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis on 39 fresh cervical biopsies by p53 immunocytochemistry (ICC) with antibody PAb 240 and with NISH (non‐isotopic in situ hybridization) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for HPV detection. p53 protein was present in the basal layer of pure wart virus infection; the basal to middle third of CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia); in 19/22 (86 per cent) HPV‐positive cervical carcinomas, ten of which contained integrated HPV; and in 4/8 (50 per cent) HPV‐negative cervical carcinomas. Dual detection of p53 antigen and HPV 16 DNA in the same sections demonstrated either p53 protein or integrated HPV 16 alone in the majority of cells. Co‐localization of both signals was only evident in isolated cells. These data suggest that PAb 240 immunoreactivity is not mutant‐specific. They are, however, consistent with the conformation hypothesis which proposes that wild‐type p53 changes from a suppressor (PAb 240‐negative) to a promoter (PAb 240‐positive) form during cell growth response. Hence, according to this hypothesis, p53 protein expression may represent either the wild‐type promoter form or mutant p53 protein, both of which share the same conformation. This may explain co‐localization of p53 and HPV in some tumours. However, the absence of p53 protein in 50 per cent HPV‐negative squamous cell carcinomas suggests that not all HPV‐negative tumours accumulate p53 protein.
Cytochrome P450 expression is a common molecular event in soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Murray Graeme I. , McKay Judith A. , Weaver Richard J. , Ewen Stanley W. B. , Melvin William T. , Burke M. Danny 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo major xenobiotic metabolizing sub‐families of cytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450 1A and cytochrome P450 3A) have been identified in soft tissue sarcomas. Cytochrome P450 1A was present in 70 per cent and cytochrome P450 3A was present in 78 per cent of tumours, respectively. A high proportion (86 per cent) of those tumours which contained cytochrome P450 1A or cytochrome P450 3A demonstrated co‐expression of both sub‐families. In each tumour, cytochrome P450 immunoreactivity was identified in all tumour cells and there was no intra‐tumour heterogeneity. These results indicate that expression of cytochrome P450 is a common molecular event in soft tissue sarcomas and that the presence of different sub‐families of cytochrome P450 has implications both for the pathogenesis and for the treatment of these tumours. Cytochrome P450 expression may influence the intrinsic drug resistance of these tumours and also provide a molecular target for anti‐cancer drugs which can be activated by cytochrome P450.
Demonstration of light chain mRNA in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Hell Karen , Pringle James H. , Hansmann Martin‐L. , Lorenzen Johann , Colloby Peter , Lauder Ian , Fischer Robert 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lineage of Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells is still unclear. Detection of both immunoglobulin light chains in Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells by immunohistochemistry is a well‐known phenomenon. However, up to now, in situ hybridization techniques have failed to demonstrate light chain messenger(m) RNA in Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg cells. In this investigation, we have analysed 26 cases of Hodgkin's disease (nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity, and nodular sclerosis type) using digoxigenin‐labelled oligonucleotide probes for K and λ light chains by in situ hybridization. In nearly half of the cases of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease and in one case of mixed cellularity type, mRNA for only one light chain could be clearly demonstrated in the lymphocytic and histiocytic cells, Hodgkin, and Reed‐Sternberg cells. These results support the idea that at least some cases of Hodgkin's disease are B‐cell neoplasms.
Expression of keratin mRNAS and proteins in normal salivary epithelia and pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: Su Lan , Morgan Peter R. , Harrison Dolores L. , Waseem Ahmad , Lane E. Birgitte 
Published: June 2005

AbstractControl of keratin (K) gene expression may be important for cell differentiation in complex epithelia such as salivary gland. To investigate differences in distribution between keratin mRNAs and their respective proteins, a combined in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical study was undertaken on nine normal salivary glands and seven pleomorphic adenomas. ISH employed riboprobes to K7, K8, K14, K18, and K19. Immunohistochemistry was performed on adjacent sections using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the same keratins. Normal luminal cells showed abundant hybridization with probes for K7, K8, K18, and K19. Keratin 14 mRNA was present in basal and myoepithelial cells at a low level of expression. Proteins of their keratins were strongly stained. Neoplastic cells showed variable expression of mRNA and protein for K7, K8, K18, and K19. There was a high level of K14 mRNA but variable protein. The findings provide evidence that expression of these keratins in normal salivary epithelia is regulated transcriptionally and that in neoplasia this system is in considerable disarray.
Proliferative activity as revealed by Ki‐67 in uterine adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type: Comparison of tumours from patients with and without previous oestrogen therapy
Authors: Nielsen Anette Lynge , Nyholm Henrik Christian Juul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Ki‐67 antibody recognizes a nuclear antigen related to cell proliferation, which in some studies has been shown to reflect the aggressiveness of tumours. The percentage of Ki‐67‐positive cells was estimated by immunohistochemistry on frozen tissue sections from 73 adenocarcinomas of endometrioid type (EC) (40 tumours from patients who had never received postmenopausai oestrogen treatment and 33 tumours from patients with previous postmenopausal oestrogen treatment). The Ki‐67 content was weakly but significantly (P<0.05) correlated to nuclear grade, architectural grade, and crude mitotic count, but not to stage or progesterone receptors. Ki‐67 expression in EC from patients with previous oestrogen therapy was much lower (median 10 per cent Ki‐67) than that in EC from patients who had never received oestrogen treatment (median 24 per cent Ki‐67), suggesting that a prognostic cut‐off point may be different in tumours from the two groups of patients. The mitotic count discriminated the two groups of patients to a much smaller degree. It is also shown that a quick qualitative Ki‐67 estimate can replace the time‐consuming quantitative assessment.
Comparison of three quantitation methods for PCNA immunostaining: Applicability and relation to survival in 83 astrocytic neoplasms
Authors: Haapasalo Hannu K. , Sallinen Pauli K. , Helen Pauli T. , Rantala Immo S. , Helin Heikki J. , Isola Jorma J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent studies on astrocytic tumours demonstrated a close association between patient prognosis and neoplastic proliferation estimated by such methods as Ki‐67 and bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Novel monoclonal PCNA antibodies and special antigen‐retrieval techniques have the advantage of working on routinely fixed and embedded specimens and thus make the estimation of proliferation simpler. In addition to PCNA‐positive cell count expressed in percentages (PCNA‐LI), we estimated the number of PCNA‐immunopositive cells of 83 astrocytomas in two ways: (1) per mm2 of neoplastic tissue (uncorrected PCNA index); and (2) per mm2 of total neoplastic nuclear area (corrected PCNA index). Both of these methods were reproducible and showed a goad correlation with PCNA‐LI and malignancy grade (I–IV). With quantitation methods 1 and 2, the proliferative status of about 2000 cells could be estimated in about 7–10 min, whereas the PCNA count by PCNA‐LI of 200 cells took approximately the same time. The proliferation indices obtained by all three quantitation methods were highly significantly related to patient prognosis. The corrected PCNA index, having a close association with the neoplastic cellularity, even divided the glioblastoma group (grade IV) into two significantly different prognostic groups in which 56 and 17 per cent of the patients were alive after 1‐year follow‐up. The combination of PCNA immunohistochemistry and morphometry seems to give important prognostic information about astrocytomas independent of the histopathological grade.
Image analysis of Ag‐NOR proteins in transitional cell bladder cancer
Authors: Lipponen Pertti 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNuclear organizer regions (Ag‐NORs) were visualized using the standard silver‐staining technique in biopsy specimens from 112 bladder carcinomas. The area of individual Ag‐NOR dots and the area of Ag‐NOR protein/nucleus were measured using a Quantimet 570 image analyser and the results were then correlated with clinical, histological, and quantitative prognostic factors, and survival. The mean area of Ag‐NOR dots was not significantly related to any of the features analysed. The mean area of Ag‐NOR protein/nucleus was related to WHO grade (P=0.0004), papillary status (P=0.004), DNA ploidy (P=0.02), S‐phase fraction (P=0.02), mitotic frequency/mm2 of enoplastic epithelium (P=0.005), mean nuclear area (P=0.001), and SD of nuclear area (P=0.001). In the entire cohort, the mean area of Ag‐NOR protein/nucleus was related to progression with a borderline significance (P=0.09), while in survival analysis only Ag‐NOR count/nucleus had prognostic value (P=0.010). In Ta‐T1 tumours, Ag‐NOR protein area/nucleus predicted progression (T‐category) (P=0.016) and survival (P=0.014) significantly. Also, the mean area of individual Ag‐NOR dots (P=0.026) and Ag‐NOR count/nucleus (P=0.014) were related to prognosis in Ta‐T1 tumours.