bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain configuration and interface structure analysis of sol–gel‐derived PZT ferroelectric thin films
Authors: Liu Dage , Wang Chen , Zhang Hongxi , Li Junwei , Zhao Liancheng , Bai Chunli 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe domain configuration and interfacial structure of sol–gel‐derived PZT thin films were evaluated using atomic force microscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Microstructure and ferroelectric property investigation of the PZT thin films under repeated a.c. field suggests that microcracks may be the major cause for ferroelectric fatigue. The intersection of 90° domain walls, where the concentration of stress occurs, is likely to be the origin of microcracks. In addition, the entrapment of defects at domain walls, grain boundaries and/or PZT/electrode interface due to relatively lower potential energy at these sites results in an internal field with a direction opposite to the applied field, which weakens the electric field intensity in the PZT thin films. A fraction of the domains is pinned and finally results in polarization fatigue of the PZT thin films. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐adjusting trees in practice for large text collections
Authors: Williams Hugh E. , Zobel Justin , Heinz Steffen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSplay and randomized search trees (RSTs) are self‐balancing binary tree structures with little or no space overhead compared to a standard binary search tree (BST). Both trees are intended for use in applications where node accesses are skewed, for example in gathering the distinct words in a large text collection for index construction. We investigate the efficiency of these trees for such vocabulary accumulation. Surprisingly, unmodified splaying and RSTs are on average around 25% slower than using a standard binary tree. We investigate heuristics to limit splay tree reorganization costs and show their effectiveness in practice. In particular, a periodic rotation scheme improves the speed of splaying by 27%, while other proposed heuristics are less effective. We also report the performance of efficient bit‐wise hashing and red–blacktrees for comparison. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a Best-Practice Advisory for Primary Aldosteronism Screening
Authors: Charoensri Suranut , Bashaw Linda , Dehmlow Cheryl , Ellies Tammy , Wyckoff Jennifer , Turcu Adina F. 
Published: January 2024

ImportancePrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Fewer than 2% to 4% of patients at risk are evaluated for PA.ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate an electronic health record best-practice advisory (BPA) that assists with PA screening.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective quality improvement study was conducted at academic center outpatient clinics. Data analysis was performed between February and June 2023 and included adults with hypertension and at least 1 of the following: 4 or more current antihypertensive medications; hypokalemia; age younger than 35 years; or adrenal nodule(s). Patients previously tested for PA were excluded.ExposureA noninterruptive BPA was developed to trigger for PA screening candidates seen in outpatient setting by clinicians who treat hypertension. The BPA included an order set for PA screening and a link to results interpretation guidance.Main Outcomes and Measures(1) The number of PA screening candidates identified by the BPA between October 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022; (2) the rates of PA screening; and (3) the BPA use patterns, stratified by physician specialty were assessed.ResultsOver 15 months, the BPA identified 14 603 unique candidates (mean [SD] age, 65.5 [16.9] years; 7300 women [49.9%]; 371 [2.5%] Asian, 2383 [16.3%] Black, and 11 225 [76.9%] White individuals) for PA screening, including 7028 (48.1%) with treatment-resistant hypertension, 6351 (43.5%) with hypokalemia, 1537 (10.5%) younger than 35 years, and 445 (3.1%) with adrenal nodule(s). In total, 2040 patients (14.0%) received orders for PA screening. Of these, 1439 patients (70.5%) completed the recommended screening within the system, and 250 (17.4%) had positive screening results. Most screening orders were placed by internists (40.0%) and family medicine physicians (28.1%). Family practitioners (80.3%) and internists (68.9%) placed most orders via the embedded order set, while specialists placed most orders (83.0%-95.4%) outside the BPA. Patients who received screening were younger and included more women and Black patients than those not screened. The likelihood of screening was higher among patients with obesity and dyslipidemia and lower in those with chronic kidney disease and established cardiovascular complications.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study results suggest that noninterruptive BPAs are potentially promising PA screening-assistance tools, particularly among primary care physicians. Combined with artificial intelligence algorithms that optimize the detection yield, refined BPAs may contribute to personalized hypertension care.
Primary Care Patients’ Perspectives on Health Care Screening for Firearms in a Diverse, Urban Area
Authors: Wilson Madison R. , Smith Nichole A. , Peek Monica E. , Tung Elizabeth L. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceFirearm violence is increasingly recognized as a public health issue, but whether physicians should intervene remains politically contested.ObjectiveTo explore self-described patient perspectives about the appropriateness and acceptability of health care screening for firearms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study recruited 50 adult patients from a primary care clinic in Chicago, Illinois, from June 7, 2019, to January 11, 2021, to participate in 1 of 12 one-time qualitative focus groups. Focus group discussions were facilitated using an in-depth, semistructured guide, transcribed verbatim from audio recordings, and analyzed for major themes using a pragmatic approach to basic thematic analysis, which is commonly used in implementation science, between December 12, 2019, and November 29, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient perspectives of health care screening for firearms were evaluated to examine complexities of a practice change goal.ResultsParticipants were a median age of 60.0 (IQR, 50.5-66.5) years and predominantly female (37 [74%]; male, 11 [22%]; nonbinary, 1 [2%]; transgender, 1 [2%]) and non-Hispanic Black (42 [84%]; non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander, 2 [4%]; non-Hispanic White, 5 [10%]). Two-thirds (32 [64%]) of participants thought that health care screening for firearms was at least sometimes appropriate, recognizing clear benefits, for instance, among patients at risk for suicide. However, few (2 [4%]) had ever discussed firearms with a physician or other health care professional. Even among those who recognized benefits, several barriers to acceptability were described, especially related to bias, stigma, and increased risk for criminal legal involvement. Other major themes included insufficient time to address firearms during health care visits and doubts about a clinician’s ability to intervene. Facilitators to acceptability included screening strategies that were patient centered, sensitive to racial bias, clinically efficient, and accompanied by tangible resources.Conclusions and RelevanceIncorporating these findings and emergent themes into clinical practice may guide efforts to make firearm screening more acceptable for patients from historically marginalized communities.
Risk Factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Women Enrolled in Mississippi Medicaid
Authors: Maharjan Shishir , Goswami Swarnali , Rong Yiran , Kirby Terri , Smith Dennis , Brett Catherine X. , Pittman Eric L. , Bhattacharya Kaustuv 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceMississippi has one of the highest rates of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in the US, and SMMs have been reported to be more frequent among Medicaid-insured women. A substantial proportion of pregnant women in Mississippi are covered by Medicaid; hence, there is a need to identify potential risk factors for SMM in this population.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of health care access and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics with SMM events among Mississippi Medicaid–enrolled women who had a live birth.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA nested case-control study was conducted using 2018 to 2021 Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims database. The study included Medicaid beneficiaries aged 12 to 55 years who had a live birth and were continuously enrolled throughout their pregnancy period and 12 months after delivery. Individuals in the case group had SMM events and were matched to controls on their delivery date using incidence density sampling. Data analysis was performed from June to September 2022.ExposureRisk factors examined in the study included sociodemographic factors (age and race), health care access (distance from delivery center, social vulnerability index, and level of maternity care), and clinical factors (maternal comorbidity index, first-trimester pregnancy-related visits, and postpartum care).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome of the study was an SMM event. Adjusted odds ratio (aORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsAmong 13 485 Mississippi Medicaid–enrolled women (mean [SD] age, 25.0 [5.6] years; 8601 [63.8%] Black; 4419 [32.8%] White; 465 [3.4%] other race [American Indian, Asian, Hispanic, multiracial, and unknown]) who had a live birth, 410 (3.0%) were in the case group (mean [SD] age, 26.8 [6.4] years; 289 [70.5%] Black; 112 [27.3%] White; 9 [2.2%] other race) and 820 were in the matched control group (mean [SD] age, 24.9 [5.7] years; 518 [63.2%] Black; 282 [34.4%] White; 20 [2.4%] other race). Black individuals (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.08-1.93) and those with higher maternal comorbidity index (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.40) had higher odds of experiencing SMM compared with White individuals and those with lower maternal comorbidity index, respectively. Likewise, an increase of 100 miles (160 km) in distance between beneficiaries’ residence to the delivery center was associated with higher odds of experiencing SMM (aOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.20).Conclusions and RelevanceThe study findings hold substantial implications for identifying high-risk individuals within Medicaid programs and call for the development of targeted multicomponent, multilevel interventions for improving maternal health outcomes in this highly vulnerable population.
An Updated Equitable Model of Readiness for Transition to Adult Care
Authors: Prussien Kemar V. , Crosby Lori E. , Faust Haley L. , Barakat Lamia P. , Deatrick Janet A. , Smith-Whitley Kim , Schwartz Lisa A. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceDespite elevated health risks during young adulthood, many adolescents and young adults with serious health care needs face barriers during the transfer to an adult specialty practitioner, and health disparities may occur during the transition.ObjectiveTo validate the content of an updated Social-Ecological Model of Adolescent and Young Adult Readiness for Transition to Promote Health Equity (SMART-E) in a group of adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their supports.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsHealth equity framework components were reviewed. Systems of power (eg, institutional and practitioner bias) and environments or networks (eg, peer or school support) were added as SMART-E preexisting factors, and health literacy was included within readiness factors. Adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 29 years with SCD, caregivers, and practitioners participated in this convergent, mixed-methods study within Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between January and August 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresContent validity was assessed through nominations of top 3 most important transition barriers prior to interviews and focus groups, ratings on importance of SMART-E factors (0-4 scale; ratings &amp;gt;2 support validity) after interviews and focus groups, nominations of 3 most important factors for transition and for health equity, and qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts.ResultsThe study enrolled 10 pediatric adolescents and young adults (mean [SD] age, 18.6 [2.9] years; 4 female and 6 male), 10 transferred adolescents and young adults (mean [SD] age, 22.9 [2.1] years; 8 female and 2 male), 9 caregivers (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [8.7] years; 5 female and 4 male), and 9 practitioners (mean [SD] age, 45.6 [10.5] years; 8 female and 1 male). Quantitative ratings supported the content validity of SMART-E and met established criteria for validity. Systems of power was the most endorsed transition barrier (14 of 38 participants) reported prior to interviews and focus groups. After the interview, participants endorsed all SMART-E factors as important for transition, with new factors systems of power and environments and networks rated at a mean (SD) 2.8 (1.23) and 3.1 (0.90), respectively, on a 0 to 4 scale of importance. The most important factors for transition and equity varied by participant group, with all factors being endorsed, supporting the comprehensiveness of SMART-E. Qualitative data corroborated quantitative findings, further supporting validity, and minor modifications were made to definitions.Conclusions and RelevanceSMART-E obtained initial content validation with inclusion of health equity factors for adolescents and young adults with SCD, caregivers, and practitioners. The model should be evaluated in other populations of adolescents and young adults with chronic disease.
Parameters self‐turning controller fused with an adaptive nominal model for disturbance observer: Application to direct drive manipulator with significant payload changes
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Songlin , Xie Cheng 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe direct drive manipulator, which directly links the joint shaft to the motor rotor, is susceptible to external disturbances and model perturbations. When the direct drive manipulator operates with varying payloads, the disturbance observer (DOB) with a constant nominal model struggles to achieve satisfactory performance. To minimize estimation errors caused by disturbance, enhance trajectory tracking accuracy, and improve system robustness, this article proposes a controller parameter self‐tuning strategy with settling time, fused with a nominal model adaptive disturbance observer. Specifically, by optimizing the gain coefficient of the model reference adaptive identification (MRAI), the significant changes in payload at the manipulator's end joint can be quickly and accurately estimated. The inertia introduced by the payload is then employed to continuously update the nominal model of the manipulator, incorporating information about the inertia of the coupling joints. In addition, the controller parameters are updated using a self‐tuning link with settling time, which guarantees that the closed‐loop characteristics of the system remain unaffected by payload changes. Finally, the proposed method was validated using a two‐joint direct drive manipulator. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method in the presence of significant payload changes, and the accuracy of disturbance estimation and the tracking performance of the proposed control strategy is significantly improved.
Nanocellulose‐Based Ink for Vertically 3D Printing Micro‐Architectures with High‐Resolution
Authors: Shi Ge , Tian Miao , Chen Yutong , Zhong Linxin , Zhang Wenli , Chen Zehong , Sun Shirong , Xia Ruidong , Iwuoha Emmanuel I. , Peng Xinwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNanocellulose has become an important renewable component for composite inks, owing to its desirable physical properties, reinforcing capabilities, and tunable self‐assembly behavior. However, it is difficult to improve the rheological performance of the nanocellulose‐based composite to meet the requirement for 3D printing high resolution microarchitectures. Herein, a strategy is proposed that incorporation of amphiphilic molecular surfactant into nanocellulose gel can increase the molecular interaction via hydrophobic bonds and enhance the ink viscoelasticity. Following the design, a composite ink is formulated by adding xylan and Nonaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E9) within nanocellulose gel. A new printing program is designed to achieve vertical writing of the composite ink and obtain free‐standing micropillars and microhemispheres with high resolution in dozens of micrometers. The microhemisphere on an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever can be used as colloidal probe. This work proves that nanocellulose composite ink is a candidate for 3D printing functional devices with special microstructures.
A Multistage‐Responsive Antibody‐Delivery Strategy to Improve Immunotherapy for NSCLC Brain Metastasis by Ultrasensitive Releasing and Tumor‐Anchoring
Authors: Li Shuaijun , Meng Caiting , Hao Qian , Dai Luyao , Shi Jiahong , Xu Ji , Zhou Xin , Zhao Sitong , Yang Jinfan , Kang Huafeng , Hou Yuzhu , Zhang Mingzhen , Ma Xiaobin , Tan Mingqian , Wu Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has emerged as a promising approach in clinical oncology. For brain metastases, the presence of the robust blood–brain barrier (BBB) and potential immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) pose significant challenges. Here, a multistage‐responsive antibody‐delivery strategy is developed for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases, with the ultra‐pH sensitivity borate bonds. The antibody‐delivery nanoformulation (MB‐aPDL1) is able to maintain the “silent state” in health tissue, cross the BBB/BTB by the GLUT1‐mediated transcytosis, release the functionalized aPDL1 responsively, and promote the aPDL1 tumor‐anchoring. In the in vivo tumor region, the MB‐aPDL1 rapidly releases the activated BPA6‐aPDL1, which successfully anchors to the tumor cells and improves the efficiency of ICB therapy. The two in vivo ICB therapy studies show a significant tumor growth inhibition from the MB‐aPDL1 with an encouraging cure rate of 20% for the NSCLC brain metastases, due to enhanced immune response in tumor, commendably with less behavioral adverse reactions and liver damage. Taken together, this antibody‐delivery strategy holds substantial potential for application in clinical treatment of brain metastases.
A Rooted Multifunctional Heterogeneous Interphase Layer Enabled by Surface‐Reconstruction for Highly Durable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Cao Liang , Guo Jia , Feng Yong , Li Yue , Qiu Yawen , Zhu Wenxuan , Tan Yajun , Sun Chencheng , Rui Xianhong , Geng Hongbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSodium plating–stripping with high reversibility is still an intractable challenge for sodium metal‐based batteries due to the fragile natural solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) film and severe Na dendrites growth. Herein, a surface reconstruction strategy is proposed and a rooted heterogeneous interlayer derived from in situ reactions between tin selenide and Na metal (abbr. Na/SnSe) is produced to regulate Na+ deposition behavior and impede dendrite growth. The high sodiophilic Na15Sn4 component demonstrates the robust combination and dendrite suppression capability, inhibiting fracture and delamination problems during volume variation. Meanwhile, the superionic Na2Se ingredient contributes to the optimized Na+ conduction efficiency and low nucleation overpotential, enabling uniform distribution of electrical fields and ultimately eliminating Na dendrites. Consequently, the reconfigured multifunctional Na/SnSe interphase realizes a long‐term lifespan over 2400 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cell with an extremely low voltage hysteresis. Moreover, the assembled Na/SnSe||NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 pouch cell achieves exceptional cycling stability and capacity retention (90.4 mAh g−1 after 1800 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g−1), exploiting an avenue for designing durable SEI layer and high‐quality sodium metal batteries.
Regulating Interfacial Ion Adsorption for Smooth and Durable Zinc Cycling at High Area Capacity
Authors: Long Tao , Zhao Qing‐Yuan , Yin Guang‐Yuan , Xie Peng‐Xing , Liu Suli , Ma Xin , Wu Qing , Lu Bing‐Yi , Dai Zhihui , Zeng Xian‐Xiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractReversible and dendrite‐free zinc (Zn) circulation is essential for longevous aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) and greatly impacted by the property of Zn interface and electrolyte, especially when confronted with high current density and large area capacity. Herein, a hierarchical Zn interface is constructed by the preferential anion surfactant adsorption and reaction, and assists to reduce the interfacial energy and side reactions for enhanced diffusion kinetics and reversibility during Zn plating/stripping. Thus, highly reversible and smooth Zn anodes are achieved with a long‐term stability of 5500 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2, an impressive rate up to 40 mA cm−2 for 10 mAh cm−2 and a large cumulative plating capacity of 4.45 Ah cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2 in Zn symmetric cells. Even under a high depth of discharge of 60% (5.85/7.65 mAh cm−2), Zn symmetric batteries can still maintain ca. 800 h's life. The proposed countermeasure has also proved to be valid in prolonging the lifespan and stability of Zn‐MnO2 full batteries at both low and high cycling current densities.
Bioinspired Tumor Calcification‐Guided Early Diagnosis and Eradication of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bai Shuang , Chen Hu , Fu Shiying , Liu Chao , Gao Xing , Li Shuo , Chen Yulun , Lan Yulu , Xia Yutian , Dai Qixuan , He Pan , Zhang Yang , Zhao Qingliang , Mao Jingsong , Lu Zhixiang , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTumor calcification is found to be associated with the benign prognostic, and which shows considerable promise as a somewhat predictive index of the tumor response clinically. However, calcification is still a missing area in clinical cancer treatment. A specific strategy is proposed for inducing tumor calcification through the synergy of calcium peroxide (CaO2)‐based microspheres and transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The persistent calcium stress in situ specifically leads to powerful tumor calcioptosis, resulting in diffuse calcification and a high‐density shadow on computed tomography that enables clear localization of the in vivo tumor site and partial delineation of tumor margins in an orthotopic HCC rabbit model. This osmotic calcification can facilitate tumor clinical diagnosis, which is of great significance in differentiating tumor response during early follow‐up periods. Proteome and phosphoproteome analysis identify that calreticulin (CALR) is a crucial target protein involved in tumor calcioptosis. Further fluorescence molecular imaging analysis also indicates that CALR can be used as a prodromal marker of calcification to predict tumor response at an earlier stage in different preclinical rodent models. These findings suggest that upregulated CALR in association with tumor calcification, which may be broadly useful for quick visualization of tumor response.