bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary Characteristics, Ages, and Environmental Significance of Gravel Deposits and Loess in Shandong, Eastern China: Regional Response to Global Change Since the Last Glacial Period
Authors: WANG Min , KONG Fanbiao , KONG Xianglun , CHEN Haitao , WANG Jiawei , MIAO Xiaodong , JIA Guangju , HAN Mei , XU Shujian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvestigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province, eastern China, reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers (G1, G2) and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typical and well‐preserved Heiyu section (HY), where, to determine the paleoclimatic changes during Marine Isotope Stage 3a. Optically stimulated luminescence dates of the HY formation range from 0.26 ± 0.02 ka to 39.00 ± 2.00 ka. In addition, the ages of G1 and G2 were estimated using the Bayesian model to be 39.60–40.50 and 29.00–29.50 ka. G1 and G2 are mainly composed of fine and medium gravel, both of which were subangular to subrounded limestone, with gravel directions to NE and E. The average flow velocity, average depth, and flood peak flow of G1 are 1.10 m/s, 0.49 m, and 37.04 m3/s, respectively, calculated using the flow energy method, whereas those of G2 are 0.98 m/s, 0.38 m, and 18.38 m3/s, respectively. Analysis of climate proxy indices show that the sedimentary environment of the gravel and loess in HY might be a regional response to global change.
“Our blood is becoming white”: Race, religion, and Siddi becoming in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Reddy Gayatri 
Published: December 2023

Abstract“Our blood is becoming white.” This was a constant lament I heard from siddis in contemporary Hyderabad, India—third‐ and fourth‐generation descendants of East African slaves and soldiers recruited by the local ruler or Nizam in the 1860s to form the African Cavalry Guard in his army. The article explores this siddi lament and the multivalent symbols—of color, blood, affect, belonging—latent in it. It draws on fieldwork conducted over the course of the last decade among siddis in Hyderabad, ambivalently situated as Indian citizens who are racialized as “Black” in an Indian and global order that denigrates Blackness and marked by their religious identification as Muslim in a virulently Hindu nation. The article unpacks these contexts, exploring the forces of empire and region and constructions of race, gender, and religion that have prodded and inflected siddi processes of becoming. In so doing, it unearths the ways in which Blackness, Muslimness, and masculinity are constituted as (intersecting) social and political categories, caught in the dialectics of alienation and intimacy, belonging and otherness, with enduring effects on the lives and cosmologies of siddis in Hyderabad and on the contemporary politics of race, gender, and religion in India.
Adequate immune responses to vaccines after chemotherapy for leukaemia diagnosed in childhood
Authors: Óskarsson Ýmir , Thors Valtýr , Vias Rafael Daníel , Lúðvíksson Björn Rúnar , Brynjólfsson Siggeir Fannar , Gianchecchi Elena , Razzano Ilaria , Montomoli Emanuele , Gísli Jónsson Ólafur , Haraldsson Ásgeir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe survival rate after treatment for childhood leukaemia has greatly improved, but could result in protracted immune deficiency. This study examined the immune status of children after chemotherapy and evaluated their responses to immunisation.MethodsSubjects who had completed their treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at The Children's Hospital Reykjavík, Iceland, during 2011–2020 had blood drawn and were then immunised for influenza in October 2021. Blood was drawn again 4 weeks later and their humoral and cellular responses were measured with a haemagglutination inhibition assay and lymphocyte stimulation test. Antibodies to other immunisations were also evaluated.ResultsWe studied 18 patients (10 male) who had completed their treatment at 3.7–20.3 years of age (mean 9.1), 11–84 months (mean 36.9) before enrolment. Conventional immunological evaluation did not reveal notable abnormalities. The responses to several childhood vaccinations, including the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, were adequate in most patients. Humoral responses to the influenza vaccine confirmed adequate reactions in all but one patient. Considerable variations were observed in the lymphocyte stimulations tests.ConclusionMost patients reacted adequately to immunisation, especially against annual influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae, reiterating the usefulness of vaccinations. The most appropriate timing for vaccination after treatment still needs to be determined.
Treating very preterm European infants with inhaled nitric oxide increased in‐hospital mortality but did not affect neurodevelopment at 5 years of age
Authors: Siljehav Veronica , Gudmundsdottir Anna , Tjerkaski Jonathan , Aubert Adrien M. , Cuttini Marina , Koopman Corine , Maier Rolf F. , Zeitlin Jennifer , Åden Ulrika ,   the Screening to Improve Health in Very Preterm Infants in Europe (SHIPS) Research Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimWe examined the outcomes of using inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to treat very preterm born (VPT) infants across Europe.MethodsThis was a sub‐study of the Screening to Improve Health in Very Preterm Infants in Europe research. It focused on all infants born between 22 + 0 and 31 + 6 weeks/days of gestation from 2011 to 2012, in 19 regions in 11 European countries. We studied 7268 infants admitted to neonatal care and 5 years later, we followed up the outcomes of 103 who had received iNO treatment. They were compared with 3502 propensity score‐matched controls of the same age who did not receive treatment.ResultsAll countries used iNO and 292/7268 (4.0%) infants received this treatment, ranging from 1.2% in the UK to 10.5% in France. There were also large regional variations within some countries. Infants treated with iNO faced higher in‐hospital mortality than matched controls (odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.33–3.09). The 5‐year follow‐up analysis of 103 survivors showed no increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment after iNO treatment.ConclusioniNO was used for VPT patients in all 11 countries. In‐hospital mortality was increased in infants treated with iNO, but long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes were not affected in 103 5‐year‐old survivors.
The association between pre‐eclampsia and neonatal complications in relation to gestational age
Authors: Ulfsdottir Hanna , Grandahl Maria , Björk Johanna , Karlemark Sara , Ekéus Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThere has been limited research about the associations between pre‐eclampsia and neonatal complications in relation to gestational age. This register‐based study aimed to address that gap in our knowledge.MethodsWe used Swedish Medical Birth Register to carry out a population‐based study on primiparas with singleton pregnancies from 1999 to 2017. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to study the associations between pre‐eclampsia and neonatal complications in different gestational ages. The data is presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CI.ResultsThe study comprised 805 591 primiparas: 2.9% had mild to moderate pre‐eclampsia and 1.4% had severe pre‐eclampsia. Neonates born to women with pre‐eclampsia had increased risks of several complications compared to those born to mothers without pre‐eclampsia. After adjustment for confounding variables, the risk of being small for gestational age (aOR 5.3, CI: 5.1–5.5) and needing resuscitation (aOR 2.6, CI: 2.4–2.7) were increased. The risk of a low Apgar score and convulsions/hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was increased at 32–41 weeks of gestation. Moreover, the overall risk of sepsis (aOR 1.9. CI: 1.8–2.1) and perinatal death (aOR 1.2, CI: 1.1–1.5) was also increased.ConclusionCompared with infants of mothers without pre‐eclampsia, those exposed to pre‐eclampsia had higher risks of all the studied neonatal complications.
Review article: Emerging insights into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of eosinophilic oesophagitis and other eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Low Eric E. , Dellon Evan S. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryBackgroundEosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are chronic, immune‐mediated disorders characterised clinically by gastrointestinal symptoms and histologically by a pathologic increase in eosinophil‐predominant inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia.AimsTo highlight emerging insights and research efforts into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) and non‐EoE EGIDs, and discuss key remaining knowledge gaps.MethodsWe selected and reviewed original research, retrospective studies, case series, randomised controlled trials, and meta‐analyses.ResultsStandardised nomenclature classifies EGIDs as EoE, eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC). Incidence and prevalence of EoE are rising, emphasising the need to better understand how environmental risk factors and genetic features interact. Advances in understanding EoE pathophysiology have led to clinical trials of targeted therapy and the approval (in the United States) of dupilumab for EoE. Several therapies that are under investigation hope to satisfy both histologic and clinical targets. For non‐EoE EGIDs, efforts are focused on better defining clinical and histopathologic disease determinants and natural history, as well as establishing new therapies.ConclusionsUnmet needs for research are dramatically different for EoE and non‐EoE EGIDs. In EoE, non‐invasive diagnostic tests, clinicopathologic models that determine the risk of disease progression and therapeutic failure, and novel biologic therapies are emerging. In contrast, in non‐EoE EGIDs, epidemiologic trends, diagnostic histopathologic thresholds, and natural history models are still developing for these more rare disorders.
Understanding the development of chronic loneliness in youth
Authors: Hang Sally , Jost Geneva M. , Guyer Amanda E. , Robins Richard W. , Hastings Paul D. , Hostinar Camelia E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLoneliness becomes more prevalent as youth transition from childhood into adolescence. A key underlying process may be the puberty‐related increase in biological stress reactivity, which can alter social behavior and elicit conflict or social withdrawal (fight‐or‐flight behaviors) in some youth, but increase prosocial (tend‐and‐befriend) responses in others. In this article, we propose an integrative theoretical model that identifies the social, personality, and biological characteristics underlying individual differences in social–behavioral responses to stress. This model posits a vicious cycle whereby youth who respond to stress with fight‐or‐flight tendencies develop increasing and chronic levels of loneliness across adolescence, whereas youth who display tend‐and‐befriend behaviors may be buffered from these consequences. Based on research supporting this model, we propose multiple avenues for intervention to curtail the prevalence of loneliness in adolescence by targeting key factors involved in its development: social relationships, personality, and stress‐induced behavioral and biological changes.
Coming of age in a pandemic era: The interdependence of life spheres through the lens of social integration of care leavers in Quebec during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fernandes Victor , Niang Anta , Diaz Rosita Vargas , Goyette Martin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how the COVID‐19 pandemic affected care leavers in Quebec, a social group already facing obstacles to social integration. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 48 participants and analysed through Castel's zones of vulnerability model. Results suggest that youth who entered the pandemic with more vulnerabilities were more affected by it in all dimensions of their lives. However, results also suggest that the presence of a strong social support network protects even the most vulnerable ones from being overly afflicted, highlighting the importance of interventions that reinforce care leaver's social support network during times of crisis.
Association between adult food insecurity and mortality among adults aged 20–79 years with diabetes: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Pengbo , Wen Jin , Duan Xiaoxia , Hu Xiaowen , Chen Fangyan , Yuan Ping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsThere is limited research on the relationship between food insecurity and mortality among individuals with diabetes. This study aims to investigate the impact of food insecurity on all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in adults with diabetes.Research Design and MethodsThis study included 5749 adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2003–2018 and followed up until 31 December 2019. Food insecurity was measured by the Food Security Survey Module. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for both all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of full food security, marginal food security, low food security, and very low food security was 70.8%, 11.0%, 10.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. Food insecurity demonstrated a significant correlation with diminished diet quality and reduced consumption of healthy foods. Over the course of 42,272.0 person‐years of follow‐up, we documented 1091 deaths, of which 370 were attributed to cardiovascular disease and 180 to cancer. After adjusting for multiple variables, food insecurity scores were significantly and linearly associated with increased all‐cause mortality. Comparing to full food security, participants experiencing very low food security had a multivariate‐adjusted HR of 1.48 (1.12, 1.95) for all‐cause mortality (ptrend = 0.010).ConclusionsFood insecurity was associated with increased all‐cause mortality and compromised diet quality, especially in individuals experiencing very low food security. Future strategies may necessitate the monitoring of and interventions for food insecurity among individuals with diabetes.
The antidiabetic SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin reduces mitochondrial metabolism in a model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance
Authors: VanDerStad Lindsey R. , Wyatt Emily C. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as canagliflozin (CANA) have emerged as an effective adjuvant therapy in the management of diabetes, however, past observations suggest CANA may alter skeletal muscle mass and function. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of CANA on skeletal muscle metabolism both with and without insulin resistance.MethodsC2C12 myotubes were treated with CANA with or without insulin resistance. Western blot and qRT‐PCR were used to assess protein and gene expression, respectively. Cell metabolism was assessed via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate. Mitochondrial, nuclei and lipid content were measured using fluorescent staining and microscopy.ResultsCANA decreased mitochondrial function and glycolytic metabolism as did insulin resistance, however, these changes occurred without significant alterations in gene expression associated with each pathway. Additionally, while insulin resistance reduced insulin‐stimulated pAkt expression, CANA had no significant effect on insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsCANA appears to reduce mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism without altering gene expression governing these pathways, suggesting a reduction in substrate may be responsible for lower metabolism.
Multimodal approaches supporting the diagnosis, prognosis and investigation of neural correlates of disorders of consciousness: A systematic review
Authors: Gallucci Alessia , Varoli Erica , Del Mauro Lilia , Hassan Gabriel , Rovida Margherita , Comanducci Angela , Casarotto Silvia , Lo Re Vincenzina , Romero Lauro Leonor J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe limits of the standard, behaviour‐based clinical assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) prompted the employment of functional neuroimaging, neurometabolic, neurophysiological and neurostimulation techniques, to detect brain‐based covert markers of awareness. However, uni‐modal approaches, consisting in employing just one of those techniques, are usually not sufficient to provide an exhaustive exploration of the neural underpinnings of residual awareness. This systematic review aimed at collecting the evidence from studies employing a multimodal approach, that is, combining more instruments to complement DoC diagnosis, prognosis and better investigating their neural correlates. Following the PRISMA guidelines, records from PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus were screened to select peer‐review original articles in which a multi‐modal approach was used for the assessment of adult patients with a diagnosis of DoC. Ninety‐two observational studies and 32 case reports or case series met the inclusion criteria. Results highlighted a diagnostic and prognostic advantage of multi‐modal approaches that involve electroencephalography‐based (EEG‐based) measurements together with neuroimaging or neurometabolic data or with neurostimulation. Multimodal assessment deepened the knowledge on the neural networks underlying consciousness, by showing correlations between the integrity of the default mode network and the different clinical diagnosis of DoC. However, except for studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography, the integration of more than one technique in most of the cases occurs without an a priori‐designed multi‐modal diagnostic approach. Our review supports the feasibility and underlines the advantages of a multimodal approach for the diagnosis, prognosis and for the investigation of neural correlates of DoCs.
Challenges and directions in epilepsy diagnostics and therapeutics: Proceedings of the 17th Epilepsy Therapies and Diagnostics Development conference
Authors: Terman Samuel W. , Kirkpatrick Laura , Kerr Wesley T. , Akiyama Lisa F. , Baajour Wadih , Atilgan Deniz , Dorotan Maria Kristina C. , Choi Hyoung Won , French Jacqueline A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubstantial efforts are underway toward optimizing the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of seizures and epilepsy. We describe preclinical programs in place for screening investigational therapeutic candidates in animal models, with particular attention to identifying and eliminating drugs that might paradoxically aggravate seizure burden. After preclinical development, we discuss challenges and solutions in the design and regulatory logistics of clinical trial execution, and efforts to develop disease biomarkers and interventions that may be not only seizure‐suppressing, but also disease‐modifying. As disease‐modifying treatments are designed, there is clear recognition that, although seizures represent one critical therapeutic target, targeting nonseizure outcomes like cognitive development or functional outcomes requires changes to traditional designs. This reflects our increasing understanding that epilepsy is a disease with profound impact on quality of life for the patient and caregivers due to both seizures themselves and other nonseizure factors. This review examines selected key challenges and future directions in epilepsy diagnostics and therapeutics, from drug discovery to translational application.
Reversibly immortalization establishes a hair follicle stem cell line with hair follicle reconstruction ability
Authors: Xing Yizhan , Xiang Fei , Guo Haiying , Gong Hao , Li Yuhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) play critical roles in the periodic regeneration of hair follicles. HFSCs are also a good model for stem cell biology research. However, no stable mouse HFSC cell line has been reported, which restricts the research and application of HFSCs. We isolated HFSCs from mouse hair follicles and immortalized them by inducing a reversible SV40 large T antigen. Through monoclonal screening, we identified a reversibly immortalized cell line, immortalized HFSC (iHFSC2). RNA sequencing, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the expression patterns of iHFSC2 and HFSC were similar at the protein and mRNA levels. After that, iHFSC2s were passaged and morphologically monitored for up to 40 times to detect their long‐term culture potential. The long‐term cultured iHFSC2 could regenerate hair follicles with complete hair follicle structure and HFSCs in the bulge area. This work successfully established an HFSC cell line with the ability of hair follicle reconstruction.
Towards entrepreneurial universities in Spain: Evidence from vice‐rectors and KTO directors
Authors: Dévora Quintero Natalia , León‐Serrano Gonzalo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo its traditional missions of education and research, the entrepreneurial university adds a ‘third mission’: knowledge transfer (KT), which aims to contribute to the economic and social development of the university's environment. To this end, it is the role of government to implement regulations and design policies that push universities to be more entrepreneurial. In addition, an entrepreneurial university should interact with industry and society as a whole and implement a clear strategy—endorsed at the highest level—to incorporate the function of KT. However, there has been a lack of critical reflection in the literature about the ways in which universities implement the strategy, and administrators and coordinators, who play a pivotal role in implementing it, are usually underrepresented in university research. The exploratory research presented here addresses this gap by focussing on the current vice‐rectors and KTO directors in charge of implementing KT strategy at Spanish universities. Our findings suggest that the respondents think KT is an objective shared by the government; however, they do not perceive it to be an objective for top and middle managers in universities.
The relationship between experienced and observed harassment: The role of organizational identification and perceived justice in a higher educational context
Authors: Ro Sangbum , Galperin Bella , Dixon Deirdre , Belfiore Natalia M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBuilding on cognitive schema theory, this study investigates the relationship between experienced and observed harassment in a university setting. It also examines two moderators—organizational identification and perceived justice. Using a cross sectional survey, data were gathered from 276 academics and staff in a private university with approximately 9000 students located in the southeastern United States. The results suggest that employees who personally experience workplace harassment are more likely to observe others as being targets of harassment. They also suggest that organizational identification and perceptions of organizational justice moderate the relationship between experienced harassment and observed harassment. Overall, the findings support the important role of schemas in understanding how pre‐organized cognitive templates can impact perceptions of observed harassment in an academic context, and also stress the central roles of organizational identification and perceived justice in managing harassment. With respect to practical implications for higher educational institutions, human resource managers must work hard at making sure that faculty, staff and students perceive their universities to have fair systems in place so they can have trust in their institutions, thus increasing the likelihood that individuals will more likely disassociate their own negative experiences from the harassment schema. Managers should also implement programmes to build positive organizational cultures or school spirit.