bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of environmentally friendly curing system on properties of railway rubber pad
Authors: He Chunjiang , Chen Chuanzhi , Zhang Guowen , Bai Tao , Ji Yuan , Pei Dingfeng , Gao Ming , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImproving the aging resistance and elasticity of rubber materials can increase the service life of rubber pads and reduce railway operation costs. The purpose of this work was to improve aging resistance, decrease compression set and ratio of dynamic stiffness to static stiffness (Rd/s) of railway rubber pads by using environmentally friendly accelerators N‐t‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfenimide (TBSI) and tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD). The influence of the curing system on the properties of rubber pads was assessed using multiple techniques. Compared to sulfur/tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) /N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfenamide (CZ), compression set of S/TBSI/TBZTD decreased to 29.5% from 35.7%, retention of elongation at break after hot air aging increased to 77.7% from 66.1%, and Rd/s decreased to 1.82 from 1.85. Thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis indicated that maximum thermal decomposition temperature of TBSI/TBZTD was higher, which was the reason for the good aging resistance and low compression set results. Rubber processing analysis (RPA) demonstrated that the loss factor of TBSI/TBZTD was smaller. The rubber cured by TBSI/TBZTD had a higher crosslinking density and smaller loss factor, which decreased the Rd/s. This study provides a reference for preparing of environmentally friendly rubber pads with a low Rd/s and long service life.
Gallic acid crosslinked peanut protein‐corn starch composite edible films produced at alkaline pH with ultrasound application
Authors: Ertan Kubra , Sahin Serpil , Sumnu Gulum 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorn starch and peanut protein blend films were prepared with and without gallic acid addition (0.25%, w/v) at pH 7, 9, and 11 by casting. The ultrasound (160 W, 20 kHz, 10 min) treatment was applied to the film‐forming solutions. This study aimed to develop biopolymer‐based films with gallic acid and to determine the interactions of components at different pHs and with ultrasound. The barrier, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of films were examined. Moreover, structural characterization of films was conducted by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction, and trinitro benzenesulfonic acid assay to enlighten the crosslinking interactions of gallic acid with biopolymers at different pHs. At neutral pH, gallic acid behaved as plasticizer. By acting as a crosslinker at pH 9, gallic acid provided the lowest moisture content, darker and more opaque appearance, enhanced barrier performance and thermal stability. The crosslinking degrees of gallic acid‐enriched films were 49.1% (pH 7), 77% (pH 9), and 67.4% (pH 11). Additionally, gallic acid increased antioxidant capacity. The ultrasonication adversely affected the film properties by breaking bonds in the film structure. Peanut protein‐corn starch‐gallic acid films under mild alkaline conditions exhibited outstanding thermal stability, mechanical durability, light, and water barrier characteristics, making them appropriate for sustainable food packaging applications.
Self‐healing efficiency of cinnamaldehyde‐crosslinked soy protein resins with elongated soy protein microcapsules
Authors: Yong Vuthtyra , Netravali Anil N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing green thermoset soy protein isolate (SPI) based resins, crosslinked with cinnamaldehyde (CA), were developed. Self‐healing was achieved using elongated microcapsules (MCs) as against spherical MCs that have been used in most earlier studies. MCs containing SPI solution as healant within poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) shells were prepared using Water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) technique. Process parameters such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) concentrations and stirring speed were optimized to obtain elongated MCs. The average aspect ratio of MCs was over four. SPI resins crosslinked with 10% CA (10%CA‐SPI) increased Young's modulus and fracture stress by 54% and 87%, respectively, compared with their noncrosslinked counterpart. The resins containing 15% elongated MCs (15%MC‐10%CA‐SPI) showed self‐healing efficiencies of over 42% in fracture stress and about 35% in toughness recovery, after 24 h of healing. Improvement in self‐healing can be attributed to the high aspect ratio of the MCs that increases the probability of MCs being in the path of the microcracks and releasing the healant. Elongated MCs also contain higher amount of healant than spherical ones of same diameter. Self‐healing resins and composites can not only help prevent their premature failure but also improve their performance as well as service life and safety.
Research on the performances of VPEG macromonomer grafted different functional groups to prepare polycarboxylate superplasticizers
Authors: Dong Jiantong , Liu Zhiyong , Lv Xiaohui , Lv Ruixiang , Sui Zhifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe advent of novel polyether macromonomer has garnered significant attention within the industrial domain. In this study, a range of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) was produced via free radical polymerization, employing a new polyether monomer, 4‐hydroxybutyl vinyl polyethylene glycol ether (VPEG). This monomer served as the predominant component and was grafted with various functional monomers on its main chain. The molecular configuration of the resultant PCEs was discerned through Fourier infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, while the surface tension underwent assessment via a surface tension meter. Both the initial and subsequent fluidity of cement paste and mortar were leveraged to ascertain the dispersion and retention efficacy of the synthetic PCEs. The ramifications of diverse functional group grafts of the new polyether monomer on the cement hydration procedure and strength attributes were elucidated via setting time, hydration heat assays of cement paste, SEM analysis, and compressive strength evaluations of mortar. Observations reveal that the carboxylic acid group significantly reduces surface tension, whereas the sulfonic acid group's effect remains minimal. The incorporation of both the amide and sulfonic acid groups marginally impacts the preliminary dispersion efficacy of PCEs but notably affects dispersion retention. Furthermore, these functional groups facilitate cement hydration, expedite the primary setting time of the cement paste, and bolster the initial compressive strength of the mortar. Specifically, the grafted of sodium methacrylsulfonate (SMAS) yields the most noticeable results. Finally, the working mechanism of PCEs with varying molecular structures has been explained in light both theoretical and experimental results. This research offers valuable insights for subsequent investigations into the fabrication of polycarboxylate superplasticizers using the VPEG macromonomer.
Enhanced adhesion of novel biomass‐based biomimetic adhesives using polyaspartamide derivative with lignin
Authors: Li Yan , Ren Bo , Ding Shuang , Yan Yalan , Wang Jia , Gao Ying , Cao Yue , An Hongze , Zeng Xu , Wang Bo , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the decreasing of petrochemical resources and the increasing severity environmental pollution, the development of environmentally friendly adhesive technology using renewable resources has attracted more and more attention. Inspired by mussels, a novel biomimetic adhesive synthesized using polyaspartamide derivative (PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA)) and alkali lignin (AL). The physical/chemical structure and properties were examined by 1H‐NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, in vitro cytotoxicity, lap shear tensile, and three‐point bending tests. The adhesive capacity was improved significantly when AL added into PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA). The lap shear tensile for four different substrates (metal and plastic) both increased greatly. The underwater adhesion test possessed good underwater adhesion properties. The results confirmed that hydrogen bonds and chain entanglement were formed between PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) and AL. It was the introduction of catechol groups and physical–chemical interactions between PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) and AL improved the adhesion strength and water resistance of the adhesive. Moreover, the corn stover non‐wood boards were prepared by one‐step hot pressing using PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) with AL adhesives. The three‐point bending of corn stover non‐wood boards increased from 5.00 ± 0.03 to 14.85 ± 20.1 MPa. Overall, this work shows that a nontoxic, environmentally friendly PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) with AL adhesive has extensive application prospects.
Promising growth inhibitory potential of extracted natural silk sericin biopolymer against DEN‐induced liver tumor in male mice
Authors: Bakr Basant A. , Sadek Ismail A. , El‐Samad Lamia M. , El Wakil Abeer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilk sericin (SS), a protein biopolymer, is gaining an increasing attention in a variety of biomedical applications. Our objective was to identify the optimal extraction method yielding the highest silk protein content, to assess its chemical elemental composition, to characterize it, and to compare its conformation by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared versus that of the commercial one. Herein, alkali and high temperature is the perfect approach. This study aimed further to test whether extracted SS could attenuate the adverse hepatotoxic effects induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in mice. Animals were injected intraperitoneally once weekly for four consecutive weeks with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), DEN (25 mg/kg), SS (1 g/kg) 90 min prior to DEN injection, melatonin (10 mg/kg) followed within 1 h with the administration of SS and 30 min later with DEN. The results confirmed the hepatotoxicity of DEN manifested by an increase in liver enzymes' activity, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. The combined use of SS and/or melatonin with DEN returned most of the parameters to values similar to the controls. Briefly, chemically characterized SS seems a valuable extract for further consideration as anti‐carcinogenic agent. It has the potential to upgrade liver cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Controlling photopolymerization reaction in layer‐by‐layer photopolymerization in 3D printing
Authors: Allonas Xavier , Hammouda Ben , Métral Boris , Goldbach Emile , Schuller Anne‐Sophie , Ley Christian , Croutxé‐Barghorn C.Céline 
Published: February 2024

AbstractToday, controlling the photopolymerization process during the 3D printing in vat photopolymerization is a key challenge. In this work, it is shown that using a relatively limited set of parameter, it is possible to estimate key factors involved in such process. On the basis of 16 formulations containing different concentrations of photoinitiator and UV filter, attempt was made to rationalize the photonic parameters used in the 3D printing process, that is, the depth of penetration Dp and the critical energy Ec. It is shown that the experimental Dp values can be correlated with calculated ones from Bouguer–Beer–Lambert law. Real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (RT‐FTIR) experiments were performed under similar conditions as in 3D printing. The conversion profiles were used to estimate the Ec values. The limits of this approach was discussed as a function of the UV filter concentration. Finally, the RT‐FTIR curves are exploited to predict the in‐depth conversion of the different 3D printed layers and compared to experimental results obtained by confocal Raman microscopy.
Association of blood cell‐based inflammatory markers with gut microbiota and cancer incidence in the Rotterdam study
Authors: Najjary Shiva , Kros Johan M. , Stricker Bruno H. , Ruiter Rikje , Shuai Yu , Kraaij Robert , Van Steen Kristel , van der Spek Peter , Van Eijck Casper H. J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Ahmad Shahzad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe immune response–gut microbiota interaction is implicated in various human diseases, including cancer. Identifying the link between the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory markers and their association with cancer will be important for our understanding of cancer etiology. The current study was performed on 8090 participants from the population‐based Rotterdam study. We found a significant association (false discovery rate [FDR] ≤0.05) between lymphocytes and three gut microbial taxa, namely the family Streptococcaceae, genus Streptococcus, and order Lactobacillales. In addition, we identified 95 gut microbial taxa that were associated with inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). Analyzing the cancer data, we observed a significant association between higher systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) levels at baseline (hazard ratio (HR): 1.65 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.10–2.46, p ≤ 0.05]) and a higher count of lymphocytes (HR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.15–1.65, p ≤ 0.05]) and granulocytes (HR: 1.69 [95% CI: 1.40–2.03, p ≤ 0.05]) with increased risk of lung cancer after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and study cohort. This association was lost for SII and lymphocytes after additional adjustment for smoking (SII = HR:1.46 [95% CI: 0.96–2.22, p = 0.07] and lymphocytes = HR: 1.19 [95% CI: 0.97–1.46, p = 0.08]). In the stratified analysis, higher count of lymphocyte and granulocytes at baseline were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and study cohort (HR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.09–1.62, p ≤0.05] and HR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.28–1.92, p ≤0.05], respectively). Our study revealed a positive association between gut microbiota, higher SII levels, and higher lymphocyte and granulocyte counts, with an increased risk of developing lung cancer.
Spiropyran‐Based Photoisomerizable α‐Amino Acid for Membrane‐Active Peptide Modification
Authors: Hrebonkin Andrii , Afonin Sergii , Nikitjuka Anna , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Leitis Gundars , Babii Oleg , Koniev Serhii , Lorig Theo , Grage Stephan L. , Nick Peter , Ulrich Anne S. , Jirgensons Aigars , Komarov Igor V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene‐ and diarylethene‐containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran‐derived amino acid, (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐(6'‐methoxy‐1',3',3'‐trimethylspiro‐[2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2'‐indolin‐6‐yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane‐active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran‐containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY‐2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin–auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
In‐hospital outcomes in unhoused patients with cardiogenic shock in the United States: Insights from The National Inpatient Sample 2011−2019
Authors: Ergui Ian , Salama Joshua , Hooda Urvashi , Ebner Bertrand , Dangl Michael , Vincent Louis , Sancassani Rhea , Colombo Rosario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnhoused patients face significant barriers to receiving health care in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. For unhoused patients with heart failure who are in extremis, there is a lack of data regarding in‐hospital outcomes and resource utilization in the setting of cardiogenic shock (CS).HypothesisUnhoused patients hospitalized with CS have increased mortality and decreased use of invasive therapies as compared to housed patients.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried from 2011 to 2019 for relevant ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes to identify unhoused patients with an admission diagnosis of CS. Baseline characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes between patients were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to adjust outcomes for prespecified and significantly different baseline characteristics (p < .05).ResultsWe identified a weighted sample of 1 202 583 adult CS hospitalizations, of whom 4510 were unhoused (0.38%). There was no significant difference in the comorbidity adjusted odds of mortality between groups. Unhoused patients had lower odds of receiving mechanical circulatory support, left heart catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or pulmonary artery catheterization. Unhoused patients had higher adjusted odds of infectious complications, undergoing intubation, or requiring restraints.ConclusionsThese data suggest that, despite having fewer traditional comorbidities, unhoused patients have similar mortality and less access to more aggressive care than housed patients. Unhoused patients may experience under‐diuresis, or more conservative care strategies, as evidenced by the higher intubation rate in this population. Further studies are needed to elucidate long‐term outcomes and investigate systemic methods to ameliorate barriers to care in unhoused populations.
Graphene–Encapsulated Si@C with Dual Carbon Layer Structure as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Shuaibo , Sun Qian , Ma Cheng , Yu Zijian , Zhang Yinxu , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilicon–based materials are among the highly promising anode candidates for Li–ion batteries owing to their excellent theoretical energy density. However, the huge volume variation makes the application of silicon anode in lithium–ion batteries be full of challenge. Herein, high–performance Si@C@rGO composites anode for lithium–ion batteries are successfully prepared by graphene oxide (GO) uniformly encapsulating resorcinol–formaldehyde resin (RF) coated silicon nanoparticles. The RF‐derived carbon layer can prevent the silicon from direct contact with the electrolyte. Furthermore, the continuous conductive graphene network not only improves the overall electrical conductivity of the composite material, but also can be reversibly deformed with the volume change of silicon during the charging and discharging process, thus greatly improving the structural stability of the anode. The optimal Si@C@rGO‐2 composite provides a high specific capacity of 743.9 mAh g−−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. Meanwhile, the material also exhibits good rate performance, showing a good reversible capacity of 719.5 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 2 A g−1. In addition, this simple and low‐cost strategy of Si@C@rGO anode can provide a design reference for the further development of anode materials in lithium–ion batteries.
BLOCKBOX: Blockchain based black box designing and modeling
Authors: Korkuc Cagatay , Aytas Korkmaz Nilay , Genc Yasin , Akkoc Ahmet , Afacan Erkan , Yazgan Erdem 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWith the development of technology, data has become more accessible. The storage of critical and valuable information is getting harder and harder with the increase of cyber attacks and vulnerabilities of network and internet. The centralized storage of data causes security and privacy problems. As a remedy to these problems, blockchain has occurred. The reliability, transparency, integrity and confidentiality of the data have been increased with the blockchain technology. Blockchain maintains the immutability of the data with cryptographic hash algorithms. The data is kept in distributed structures with the consensus algorithms so that it is not lost. Projects and studies using blockchain technology have shown that data stored in centralized structures is not as reliable as data that is distributed and secured by cryptographic algorithms, smart contracts, and consensus. The data of flights, which is a critical data, has a great place in world transportation. The parameters inside the black boxes guide us on why the aircrafts have crashed: whether the responsibility belongs to the manufacturer, to the pilot, or to the aircraft technicians. In this way, the real reasons of the accident may be determined and measures can be taken for the accidents that may occur afterwards. In addition, the safe delivery of all black box data to the interested parties and its storage in a way that is immutable will not only benefit to the manufacturer's self‐development by processing the data, but also help flight companies to find optimum flight data. Both the flight companies and the manufacturer will be able to read the black box data, thus the suspicion of data manipulation will be eliminated and the data will become more transparent. In this study, a system is proposed in which an aircraft's black box data can be saved safely and securely with the help of blockchain technology.
Phosphide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Urea Electrolysis: Recent Trends and Progress
Authors: Kumar Sanath , Bhanuse Gita B. , Fu Yen‐Pei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrolysis is a trend in producing hydrogen as a fuel for renewable energy development, and urea electrolysis is considered as one of the advanced electrolysis processes, where efficient materials still need to be explored. Notably, urea electrolysis came into existence to counter‐part the electrode reactions in water electrolysis, which has hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Among those reactions, OER is sluggish and limits water splitting. Hence, urea electrolysis emerged with urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and HER as their reactions to tackle the water electrolysis. Among the explored materials, noble‐metal catalysts are efficient, but their cost and scarcity limit the scaling‐up of the Urea electrolysis. Hence, current challenges must be addressed, and novel efficient electrocatalysts are to be implemented to commercialize urea electrolysis technology. Phosphides, as an efficient UOR electrocatalyst, have gained huge attention due to their exceptional lattice structure geometry. The phosphide group benefits the water molecule adsorption and water dissociation, and facilitates the oxyhydrate of the metal site. This review summarizes recent trends in phosphide‐based electrocatalysts for urea electrolysis, discusses synthesis strategies and crystal structure relationship with catalytic activity, and presents the challenges of phosphide electrocatalysts in urea electrolysis.