bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Prediction of Emergency Department Use in Chronic Daily Headache Patients
Authors: Freitag Fred G. , Kozma Chris M. , Slaton Terra , Osterhaus Jane T. , Barron Rich 
Published: June 2005

Objective.—To examine the characteristics of chronic daily headache sufferers who use emergency departments (EDs) and identify factors predictive of ED visits.Background.—Several large clinical trials have found that a sizable subset of headache patients uses EDs frequently, although such visits should be preventable.Methods.—Participants in two large clinical trials provided baseline data on ED use, hospitalizations, disability, daily activities, and quality of life.Results.—Of the 785 patients included, 182 (23.2%) reported at least 1 ED visit over the past year. Most of these patients (82.9%) reported one to six visits; however, 4.4% reported ≥21 visits (mean 5.0; SD 8.5). The percentage of patients with overnight hospitalizations during the previous year was significantly greater in the ED user group than non‐ED user group (17.6% vs 1.7%; P < .001), as was the number of visits to healthcare practitioners (median 24.3 vs 11.8; P < .001). Compared with non‐ED users, a higher percentage of ED users reported severe disability on the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) (85.7% vs 69.3%, P < .001) and indicated that their headache more negatively impacted mood and daily activities (all P < .05). ED users also had significantly higher depression scores and lower scores on all domains of the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) (all P < .05). In a logistic regression model, patient age, neurologist visit, severe (vs not severe) rating on the MIDAS, Role Physical (SF‐36), and prior overnight hospitalization were significant predictors of ED use (max‐rescaled R2= 21.0%).Conclusions.—Patients seeking ED treatment for chronic daily headache are more severely affected and have more unmet medical needs than those who do not use the ED. Management strategies that help prevent frequent ED use might be possible.
Headache in Behçet's Syndrome
Authors: Saip Sabahattin , Siva Aksel , Altintas Ayse , Kiyat Asli , Seyahi Emire , Hamuryudan Vedat , Yazici Hasan 
Published: June 2005

Objective.—To study the frequencies and characteristics of different headache types seen in patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS) in a large cohort of patients.Background.—Patients with BS may present with different neurological problems, related either directly or indirectly to the disease, with headache being the most common neurological symptom seen in this syndrome, as well as independent from neurologic involvement.Method.—This study was carried out at the multidisciplinary Behçet outpatient clinic of the Behçet's Syndrome Research Center. Every fifth admitted patient who had fulfilled the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease classification criteria was recruited for this study. Each patient was interviewed by one of the examining neurologists through a semistructured questionnaire. In case of the presence of more than one headache type, the best defined one was diagnosed and evaluated. All patients received a complete neurological and physical examination. A χ2 test was used to evaluate the differences between frequencies. One sample t‐test was used to compare means. The prevalence rates of primary headaches were compared with results of the Turkish Headache Epidemiology study by using goodness‐of‐fit test.Results.—Two hundred and twenty‐eight patients were studied. Headache was reported in 66.2% (151/228) of the study cohort. Primary headaches were seen in 38.6% of the patient population, which corresponds to 58% of BS patients with any type of headache. Tension‐type headache (TTHA) and migraine were seen in 23.6% and 14.9% of the whole study cohort, respectively. In 5.2% of the study cohort, the headache was associated with neurological involvement and in 3.9% to uveal inflammation. A predominantly frontal, bilateral paroxysmal throbbing pain of moderate severity was reported in 18.4% of the study cohort who did not fulfill the criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS) for any of the primary headaches. It was commonly associated with exacerbations of the mucocutaneous symptoms of the syndrome. The neurological examination was normal in all of these patients. This type of headache was categorized as the nonstructural headache of Behçet.Conclusion.—Headache is the most common neurological symptom seen in BS, both in patients with and without neurological involvement. The results of our study reveal that headache is seen in a majority of patients with neurological involvement due to BS and in a minority with uveal inflammation. The prevalence of migraine and TTHA are close to the population in general, but a nonstructural migrainous headache, which is commonly associated with exacerbations with some of the systemic symptoms of the syndrome, is noteworthy in patients with BS. This form of headache is not specific for this disorder, but may be explained by a vascular headache triggered by the immunomediated disease activity in susceptible individuals.
Fear and Loathing in Cyberspace
Authors: Schmidt Steffen W. 
Published: June 2005

Stephen E. Frantzich, Computers in Congress: The Politics of InformationStephen E. Frantzich, Political Parties in the Technological AgeDavid H. Freedman and Charles C. Mann, At Large: The Strange Case of the Worlds Biggest Internet InvasionKevin A. Hill and John E. Hughes, Cyber politics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the InternetDinty W. Moore, The Emperors Virtual Clothes: The Naked Truth about Internet CultureTsutomu Shimomura with John Markoff, Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, America's Most Wanted Computer Outlaw—By the Man Who Did ItZiauddin Sardar and Jerome R. Ravetz, (Eds.), Cyber futures: Culture and Politics on the Information SuperhighwayBruce Sterling, The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
Haemostatic management of intraoral bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Morimoto Y , Yoshioka A , Sugimoto M , Imai Y , Kirita T 
Published: June 2005

Objectives:  To develop plans for the haemostatic management of intraoral bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD).Subjects and methods:  Thirty‐seven episodes of haemostatic management of intraoral bleeding in 19 VWD patients were analysed retrospectively based on the medical records.Results and conclusions:  When performing tooth extractions in patients with type 1 or 2A VWD [responsive to 1‐deamino‐8‐d‐arginine‐vasopressin (DDAVP)], 0.35–0.4 μg kg−1 of DDAVP should be administered intravenously at three times. In patients with type 2A VWD (unresponsive to DDAVP) or patients with type 2B or 2N VWD, 50–90 U [as ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCof)] kg−1 of a factor VIII concentrate containing von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF concentrate) should be administered twice in routine extractions, and four to six times in surgical extractions. Gingival bleeding related to primary teeth can be mostly managed by pressure haemostasis alone. However, when treating gingival bleeding caused by marginal periodontitis, it is often necessary to administer 0.4 μg kg−1 of DDAVP or 40–70 U (as VWF:RCof) kg−1 of a FVIII/VWF concentrate. As local haemostasis is difficult to achieve in bleeding from the tongue or labial or mandibular haematoma, it is necessary to administer 0.4 μg kg−1 of DDAVP or 60–80 U (as VWF:RCof) kg−1 of a FVIII/VWF concentrate. In addition, oral administration of 20 mg kg−1 day−1 of tranexamic acid should be combined with the regimens described above.
Early growth and chronic disease: a public health overview
Authors: Law Catherine 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInfant and childhood growth result from and reflect a range of influences in pre‐ and postnatal life. These include nutrition, burden of infection and the psycho‐social environment. Nutrition in young children is dependent on individual level factors such as fetal experience, infant feeding and weaning practices, and on societal factors such as education of women and economic conditions. The relationship of early postnatal growth to adult disease may be indicative or causal, and may reveal both biological and sociological processes. Although non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and obesity are risk factors for ischaemic heart disease, the relationships of these three conditions to infant growth differ. Poor infant growth has been associated with higher levels of NIDDM and ischaemic heart disease, but lower levels of adult obesity. Most research has been of populations living in developed countries at different stages of nutritional transition. However, differences in context are not simply limited to the stage of the nutritional transition. They also need to consider the nature of that transition and its social correlates, which may result in the clustering of aetiological influences such as increased body mass and poverty. The size of effect of the relationship of infant growth to adult disease is important not only to determine its relative aetiological importance but also for its potential for public health policy. Such policy also needs to consider the relationships of infant growth to a range of outcomes, both health and human capital, which are not the subject of this workshop.
Infant and child feeding practices and childhood overweight: the role of restriction
Authors: Faith Myles S. , Kerns Julia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis review addresses the association between restrictive feeding practices by parents and the development of overweight in children. To date, only one parent feeding domain – feeding restriction – has been consistently linked to variations in child eating patterns or weight status. Despite challenges to unravelling causal pathways, the most current data suggest that restrictive feeding practices are elicited by child characteristics (e.g. weight status or obesity risk) and depend on parent characteristics as well. Restriction, in turn, may maintain or exacerbate child overweight. There remain important questions to be addressed in this literature, pertinent both to the development of childhood overweight and clinically to overweight prevention. Two areas of importance are the roles of cultural differences, as well as genes that confer risk for overweight, on the relationship between restriction and child weight status.
Programme and policy issues related to promoting positive early nutritional influences to prevent obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life: a developing countries view1
Authors: Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPublic health policy differs from programme insofar as the former is the expression of goals at a higher decision‐making level (international, regional, national or provincial) and the latter involves the execution of intervention measures at the community or individual level. It has recently become fashionable to speak of ‘evidence‐based’ policy. There is now ample evidence to suggest that early nutritional influences on chronic disease risk in later life are contributing to the acceleration of the overall worldwide epidemic of obesity and non‐transmissible diseases. In developing countries, in which 80% of the world's population resides, the opportunities for preventive policy must be balanced against needs, cost and effectiveness considerations and the intrinsic limitations of policy execution. Not everyone in the population is at risk of suffering from any given negative condition of interest, nor will everyone at risk benefit from any given intervention. Hence, decisions must be made between universal or targeted policies, seeking maximal cost‐efficiency, but without sowing the seeds of either discrimination or stigmatization with a non‐universal application of benefits. Moreover, although large segments of the covered population may benefit from a public health measure, it may produce adverse and harmful effects on another segment. It is ethically incumbent on policy makers to minimize unintended consequences of public health measures. With respect to the particular case of mothers, fetuses and infants and long‐term health, only a limited number of processes are amenable to intervention measures that could be codified in policy and executed as programmes.
‘It's in the water here’: the development of a community‐focused literacy strategy
Authors: Taylor Carol 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper considers the pioneering development of a community‐focused literacy initiative that began in Derbyshire, a county in the middle of England. Read On‐Write Away! (ROWA!) is viewed from the standpoint of its former director. The article describes the strategy in the context of national policy and other government initiatives in England, and gives a historical account of the project's inception and development.
Building knowledge, building community: reflecting on the value of a national research programme in adult literacy
Authors: St Clair Ralf 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn 2003 the National Literacy Secretariat (NLS) of Canada, at that time a branch of the Department of Human Resources and Development Canada, decided to review its research function. This article discusses some of the questions the review raised for the field. Many of these issues are to do with the management of knowledge – what research gets funded, to be performed by whom, and with what kind of approach – whereas others are concerned with the meaning of the research function itself, and what it can contribute to a field of practice such as adult literacy.
Parent empowerment for family literacy: a European initiative
Authors: Camilleri Juan , Spiteri Sandro , Wolfendale Sheila 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe article describes the genesis of, rationale for and running of the Parent Empowerment for Family Literacy Project (PEFaL), a European‐Union funded six‐nation family literacy initiative that took place between 2001 and 2004. Whilst a number of features of the project are typical of family literacy programmes, some aspects of PEFaL are identifiably distinctive. These include the multicultural, trans‐cultural and linguistic dimensions, and an innovative attempt to encourage parent and child participants to communicate with each other across countries by email and the Internet. These features and some of the project outcomes are discussed and prospects for follow‐on activities are examined.
Boxing clever: using shoeboxes to support home–school knowledge exchange
Authors: Greenhough Pamela , Scanlan Mary , Feiler Anthony , Johnson David , Yee Wan Ching , Andrews Jane , Price Alison , Smithson Maggie , Hughes Martin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA key tenet of the Home–School Knowledge Exchange Project is that children's learning will be enhanced if the knowledge and experience that are to be found both at home and in school can be brought together. In this paper we explore ways of connecting home and school to support literacy learning at Key Stage 1, focusing on the home‐to‐school direction. We discuss how shoeboxes, filled with children's artefacts, can support a range of literacy‐related activities in school. It is suggested that the extensive diversity of knowledge and interests reflected in the chosen objects presents teachers with an invaluable opportunity to personalise children's literacy learning.
Pathway management in ambulatory wound care: defining local standards for quality improvement and interprofessional care
Authors: Hensen Peter , Ma Huong‐Lan , Luger Thomas A , Roeder Norbert , Steinhoff Martin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGrowing health care costs and changes in health care delivery, such as the adoption of the diagnosis‐related groups, have tremendously affected treatment patterns all over the world. Pathway management is suitable to be responsive to the growing operating requirements and to manage effective and efficient medical care in hospitals. Pathways standardise clinical processes for patients with a similar diagnosis, procedure or symptom thereby optimising the quality of treatment and patient satisfaction. They are utilised by a multidisciplinary team with a primary focus on quality and coordination of care. Considering the key strategies of pathway management, an interprofessional team containing physicians and nurses developed and implemented a clinical pathway for ambulatory treatment of chronic wounds. A precise medical protocol was created to standardise routine procedures, to improve the treatment outcome and to provide an integrated documentation that enhances interprofessional collaboration. We designed a modular concept of four different sheets which provide pre‐defined standards: (a) medical admission, (b) findings and history, (c) topic and systemic treatment and (d) evaluation of outcome criteria. Variances must be merely written down in detail. After 1 year in clinical practice, we state that the use of a clinical pathway for chronic wound management is an effective method of improving clinical processes and patient outcomes.
Outcomes of allogenic acellular matrix therapy in treatment of diabetic foot wounds: an initial experience
Authors: Martin Billy R , Sangalang Melinda , Wu Stephanie , Armstrong David G 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of persons with UT grade 2A neuropathic diabetic foot wounds treated with an acellular matrix. Data were abstracted for 17 consecutive patients with diabetes – 76·5% males, aged 61·5 ± 8·5 years with a mean glycated haemoglobin of 9·2 ± 2·2% presenting for care at a large, multidisciplinary wound care centre. All patients received surgical debridement for their diabetic foot wounds and were placed on therapy consisting of a single application of an acellular matrix graft (GraftJacket™; Wright Medical Technologies, Arlington, TN, USA) with dressing changes taking place weekly. Outcomes evaluated included time to complete wound closure and proportion of patients achieving wound closure in 20 weeks. Acellular matrix therapy was used as initial therapy and was sutured or stapled in place under a silicone‐based non adherent dressing. Therapy was then followed by a moisture‐retentive dressing until complete epithelialisation. In total, 82·4% of wounds measuring a mean 4·6 ± 3·2 cm2 healed in the 20‐week evaluation period. For those that healed in this period, healing took place in a mean 8·9 ± 2·7 weeks. We conclude that a regimen consisting of moist wound healing using an acellular matrix dressing may be a useful adjunct to appropriate diabetic foot ulcer care for deep, non infected, non ischaemic wounds. We await the completion of further trials in this area to confirm or refute this initial assessment.
An approach to the management of necrotising fasciitis in neonates
Authors: Zuloaga‐Salcedo Soraya , Contreras‐Ruiz José , Dominguez‐Cherit Judith , Vega‐Memije Elisa 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNecrotising fasciitis is a severe, life‐threatening soft tissue infection. It produces an extensive cellulitis with severe involvement of subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscle or both, resulting in necrosis of the tissue. All age groups, including neonates, can be affected. Patients with necrotising fasciitis present with more severe constitutional symptoms and have a poor outcome, unless aggressive antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement are instituted promptly. The debridement of necrotic tissue is imperative to control the infection, but results in deep wounds that require further treatment. In this study, the neonate was treated with alginate dressings and negative pressure therapy after resolution of cellulitis, with excellent results and no untoward events.
On the Design of a Passive Orthosis to Gravity Balance Human Legs
Authors: Fattah Abbas , Agrawal Sunil K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a passive two leg orthosis to gravity balance human legs for use by subjects with both leg impairment. This design combines the use of auxiliary parallelograms to locate the center of mass along with springs to achieve balancing of each leg. The gravity balancing for all motions of the leg and pelvis is achieved by assuming the center of mass of the pelvis to be located on the line joining the two hip joints. A method for deriving the effectiveness of the gravity balancing due to practical limitations is also outlined. We illustrate the gravity balancing feature of the orthosis and examine the assumptions through computer simulations.
Representation of Water Table Dynamics in a Land Surface Scheme. Part I: Model Development
Authors: Yeh Pat J-F. , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Most of the current land surface parameterization schemes lack any representation of regional groundwater aquifers. Such a simplified representation of subsurface hydrological processes would result in significant errors in the predicted land surface states and fluxes especially for the shallow water table areas in humid regions. This study attempts to address this deficiency. To incorporate the water table dynamics into a land surface scheme, a lumped unconfined aquifer model is developed to represent the regional unconfined aquifer as a nonlinear reservoir, in which the aquifer simultaneously receives the recharge from the overlying soils and discharges runoff into streams. The aquifer model is linked to the soil model in the land surface scheme [Land Surface Transfer Scheme (LSX)] through the soil drainage flux. The total thickness of the unsaturated zone varies in response to the water table fluctuations, thereby interactively coupling the aquifer model with the soil model. The coupled model (called LSXGW) has been tested in Illinois for an 11-yr period from 1984 to 1994. The results show reasonable agreements with the observations. However, there are still secondary biases in the LSXGW simulation partially resulting from not accounting for the spatial variability of water table depth. The issue of subgrid variability of water table depth will be addressed in a companion paper.
Representation of Water Table Dynamics in a Land Surface Scheme. Part II: Subgrid Variability
Authors: Yeh Pat J-F. , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
A lumped unconfined aquifer model has been developed and interactively coupled to a land surface scheme in a companion paper. Here, the issue of the representation of subgrid variability of water table depths (WTDs) is addressed. A statistical–dynamical (SD) approach is used to account for the effects of the unresolved subgrid variability of WTD in the grid-scale groundwater runoff. The dynamic probability distribution function (PDF) of WTD is specified as a two-parameter gamma distribution based on observations. The grid-scale groundwater rating curve (i.e., aquifer storage–discharge relationship) is derived statistically by integrating a point groundwater runoff model with respect to the PDF of WTD. Next, a mosaic approach is utilized to account for the effects of subgrid variability of WTD in the grid-scale groundwater recharge. A grid cell is categorized into different subgrids based on the PDF of WTD. The grid-scale hydrologic fluxes are computed by averaging all of the subgrid fluxes weighted by their fractions. This new methodology combines the strengths of the SD approach and the mosaic approach. The results of model testing in Illinois from 1984 to 1994 indicate that the simulated hydrologic variables (soil saturation and WTD) and fluxes (evaporation, runoff, and groundwater recharge) agree well with the observations. Because of the paucity of the large-scale observations on WTD, the development of a practical parameter estimation procedure is indispensable before the global implementation of the developed scheme of water table dynamics in climate models.