bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yon Don’t Dave To Suffer
Authors: Lang Susan S , Patt Richard B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the book that anyone who has taken care of a loved one with cancer wished they had from the beginning. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive manual for families who want to be sure they are aware of the kinds of options available to relieve pain and suffering that may result from cancer treatments, side effects of medications, and effects of the disease itself. It begins with a review on why cancer pain is still an everyday tragedy when modern medical techniques can relieve it in almost every case. It then goes on to give the consumer numerous tips on working most efficiently with doctors. The book goes step-by-step through medications commonly used to relieve cancer pain, from the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to the opioids (narcotic pain-relievers), and then explains how other medications are also used to enhance the pain-relieving effects of standard painkillers or to relieve side effects. A chapter here also explains‘high-tech‘ neurosurgical options for pain that has not responded well to simpler techniques. The next section first focuses on ways to relieve the common complaints of constipation and nausea and other side effects and discomforts commonly associated with cancer and cancer treatments. The book then explains how psychological and cognitive approaches can help relieve pain and suffering associated with cancer, including numerous techniques that families may employ. A section here deals with depression and other psychological components that contribute to suffering. The book concludes with a detailed chapter on how to cope with the myriad of problems that may occur with the advanced stages of cancer. The book has a detailed appendix of resources on where to get information relating to cancer, referrals to paid specialists, group support, hospice, and home care. It also includes detailed tables on medications mentioned in the book, a glossary, bibliography, and index.
Population Trends From The North American Breeding Bird Survey
Authors: Peterjohn Bruce G , Sauer John R , Robbins Chandler S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most Neotropical migrant birds are difficult to count accurately and are moderately common over large breeding distributions. Consequently, little historical information exists on their large-scale population changes, and most of this information is anecdotal. Surveys begun in this century such as Breeding Bird Censuses and Christmas Bird Counts have the potential to provide this information, but only the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) achieves the extensive continental coverage necessary to document population changes for most Neotropical migrant birds. Conservationists and ecologists have begun to use BBS data to estimate population trends, but there is still widespread confusion over exactly what these data show regarding population changes. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge regarding population changes in Neotropical migrant birds and the methods used to analyze these changes. The primary emphasis is on the BBS (Robbins et al. 1986) because this survey provides the best available data for estimating trends of Neotropical migrants on a continental scale. To address questions about methods of analyzing survey data, we review and compare some alternative methods of analyzing BBS data. We also discuss the effective ness of the BBS in sampling Neotropical migrant species, and review possibilities for use of alternative data sets to verify trends from the BBS.
The Strength Of Inferences About Causes Of Trends In Populations
Authors: James Frances C , Mcculloch Charles E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that land birds that breed in the United States and Canada and spend the winter in the New World tropics have been suffering severe population declines is the basis for the United States government sponsored program Partners in Fliyhtand is the rationale for the publication of this volume. We believe that the evidence of an overall decline in populations of Neotropical migrants is weak (James et al., in press). Analyses of the best data for population trends in North American land birds for the past 25 years, the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), indicate general declines in some species of Neotropical migrants and increases in others, but no overall pattern that pertains to the group as a whole (Peterjohn et al., Chapter I, this volume). However, documentation of population trends is not the issue in this paper. Instead we will address methods for the confirmation of hypothesized causes of population trends, once population trends have been established. The confirmation of causes is more a matter of logic than of data analysis. It involves the design of the study, how comparisons are made among observations, rather than the significance of statistical tests. Of course, both steps, documentation of trends and determination of their causes, should precede decisions about management.
An Assessement Of Potential Hazards Of Pesticides And Environmental Contaminants
Authors: Gard Nicholas W , Hooper Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the discovery in the 1940s of the pesticidal properties of synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon and organophosphorus com pounds, these chemicals have played an increasingly important role in pest control and public health programs worldwide. Large quantities of pesticides and industrial pollutants are released into the environment each year, and are frequently disseminated from point of release by biotic and abiotic processes, resulting in extensive global contamination. Soon after use of organochlorine pesticides became prevalent, adverse effects on nontarget species were detected. Population declines or extensive mortality in several species of birds provided the earliest indications of the hazards posed by environ mentally persistent organochlorine com pounds such as l,1’••(2,2,2-trichloroethyl idene)bis[4-chlorobenzene] (DDT) (Rudd and Genelly 1955, Hickey and Hunt 1960, Wurster et al. 1965). Other classes of pesticides including organophosphorus com•• pounds, though generally less persistent, were potentially as hazardous to wildlife because of their greater acute toxicity. Monitoring of avian populations has proved to be an important method of assessing effects of chemical contaminants in the environment. In many respects, birds arc ideal indicators of environmental pollution. Besides being ubiquitous, conspicuous and intensively studied, birds are often more sensitive to contaminants than other vertebrates (Grue et al. 1983). Migratory bird species are exposed to potentially harmful contaminants on breeding, migration and wintering habitats, and consequently can indicate the magnitude of contamination over vast geographic regions.
Livestock Grazing Effects In Western North America
Authors: Saab Victoria A , Bock Carl E , Rich Terrell D , Dobkin David S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Livestock grazing is the most widespread economic use of public lands in western North America (Platts 1991). Approximately 86 million hectares of US Federal land in 17 western states are used for livestock production (Sabadell 1982). In the American West, grazing by domestic ungulates began in the 1840s, increased rapidly in the 1870s, and peaked around 1890 (Young and Sparks 1985). By 1900 much rangeland vegetation had been altered by the combination of extreme drought and high intensity grazing (Yensen 1981, Young and Sparks 1985). Range-management practices, including grazing systems (Appendix) and fenced pastures, were initiated in the early 1900s to help restore damaged rangelands (Behnke and Raleigh 1979). By the mid-1960s, management by allotment (designated areas for a prescribed number of livestock under one plan of management) had become an accepted practice on public lands, and is still in use today (Platts 1991).
Ecology And Behavior Of Cowbirds And Their Impact On Host Populations
Authors: Robinson Scott K , Rothstein Stephen I , Margaret I Rothstein , Brittingham C , Petit Lisa J , Grzybowski Joseph A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cowbirds of the genus Molothrusare brood parasites that lay their eggs in the nests of other (host) species. Because many hosts raise cowbird young instead of their own, brood parasitism can substantially reduce host breeding productivity, and high levels of brood parasitism can threaten some host populations. Population declines and the endangered status of several species have been linked to high levels of cowbird parasitism (see below). Neotropical migrant land birds may be particularly vulnerable to cowbird parasitism, especially in landscapes where cowbird feeding habitat has been created or enhanced by human activities and cowbird numbers are high (Brittingham and Temple 1983). The purpose of this chapter is to review the natural history of North American cowbirds with special emphasis on the Brown-headed Cowbird, their effects on host population dynamics, and to identify the areas where research is most needed. Methods of cowbird management and control are discussed in detail in Robinson et al. (1993).
Summary: Model Organisms For Advancing Understanding Of Ecology And Land Management
Authors: Martin Thomas E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Land managers are often faced with the difficult task of managing for a diversity of resources, including a wide diversity of organisms. Species differ in their space requirements, physiological tolerances, demo graphies, behaviors, and biological interactions. Added to this complexity is the diversity of land uses, habitat types, and environmental conditions that vary over space and time. This diversity complicates both management strategies and further development of general principles in ecology and evolution. Neotropical migratory birds potentially provide a model set of organisms for aiding our understanding of general principles in ecology and evolution, and for developing general programs of land management because: (1) they are ubiquitous;(2) they include a wide diversity of species with varying ecologies that coexist; (3) they are sensitive to environmental perturbations because they are mobile, short-lived, and differ in their environmental requirements; and (4) behaviors, demographic characters (fecundity, survival), physiology, species interactions, and habitat use can be readily studied for many species. As the chapters in this volume show, Neotropical migratory birds can allow increased understanding of general concepts of population limitation and regulation, ecological processes, habitat selection, spatial scales, and land management.
The Riddle of Bisexuality
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1991 the New York Times and other media gave extensive coverage to a research report that suggested an answer to the question: How do people become homosexual?1 The researcher, the neuroscientist Simon LeVay, claimed to have found anatomical differences between the brains of homosexual and heterosexual men and concluded that sexual preference is predetermined. Later that year, similar journalistic attention was directed at two researchers who claimed, through the study of twins, that homosexuality was genetically based. 2 In an article titled “Are Some People Born Gay?” it was flatly stated, “Science is rapidly converging on the conclusion that sexual orientation is innate. “3 Then, in 1993, it was suggested that a “homosexuality” gene had been discovered on the X chromosome. 4 These reports received quick and spirited rejoinders, not just about their methodological limitations, but also their social and political implications.
Bisexuals in San Francisco
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Bisexual Center was established in the mid-1970s by a group of friends in San Francisco. The founders wanted to provide a safe haven for people who were interested in being sexual with both men and women and who wanted to get together and talk about their sexual preference. These first members met at various locations throughout the San Francisco Bay Area for weekly discussion groups. As knowledge of the groups and their purpose spread, the number of participants grew quickly. Advertisements were placed in local underground newspapers, and information was passed by word of mouth. Eventually, yearly memberships were offered and a regular mailing list was assembled. In the seven years following its inception, the Bisexual Center grew into a tax-exempt nonprofit organization situated at a permanent location with a yearly membership of about three hundred persons. At the time of our study, the center was locatt?d on the middle floor of a trilevel flat in a residential neighborhood near Haight-Ashbury.
Being “Out”
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Up to this point we have presented a portrait of how bisexuals cope with the problem of personal identity and how they struggle with intimate relationships. But bisexual people, like others, live and work in a wider community, one that is not particularly accepting of the sexually unconventional. Since what they often consider a private matter can become a public one, it is important to look at the social consequences of living with a bisexual social identity. We examine first the problems that the people in our study experienced because of being bisexual, specifically the conflicts they had with heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Next we look at the extent to which they disclosed their bisexuality or “came out.” We also asked how it felt to have to hide their sexual preference and about the pro’s and con’s of disclosure versus concealment. And finally, we look at the wider community of other bisexuals and how the Bisexual Center helped its members manage social disfavor.
Dimensions of Sexual Preference
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whether people label themselves as bisexual, gay, lesbian, or simply think of themselves as heterosexual, the acquisition of a sexual identity is obviously a pivotal aspect of sexual preference. There is, however, more to sexual preference than self-definition. What exactly underlies the labels people adopt for themselves, and what implications does this have for an understanding of sexual preference? In the interview study, we addressed this question by examining the ways in which people who defined themselves as bisexual located themselves on our three dimensions of sexual preference along the Kinsey scale: sexual feelings, sexual behaviors, and romantic feelings. The answers indicated a range of sexual profiles among bisexuals. Once again, we focus here on the Kinsey scale, but this time we extend our analysis to examine whether there is a single sexual profile that characterizes people who define themselves as either gay, lesbian, or heterosexual, or whether people with different types of sexual profiles identify themselves under the same label.
Intimate Relationships
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sexual preference cannot be separated from involved relationships, because it is often through these relationships that sexual feelings and behaviors are realized and sexual identity maintained. The importance of significant others-in distinction to more casual sex partners-is often ignored in studies of sexual preference; sexual preference is considered a property of individuals, measured solely by the Kinsey scale. We go beyond this narrower view by trying to understand the individual in a web of many types of social relationships without which his or her sexuality would have no meaning or sustenance.
Managing Identities
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sociologist Erving Goffman describes a stigma as “an attribute that is deeply discrediting,” a social status that marks those who carry it as being “of a less desirable kind,” or an associated condition that transforms its owner “from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one.”1 Certainly many of the people in our study had been treated as if they were tainted, less desirable, unimportant, or less than whole. People involved in the sexual underground are likely to be touched by stigma to varying degrees. Engaging in homosexual sex, practicing nonmonogamy, sadomasochism, swinging, or group sex did and often does lead to social ostracism.
Bisexuals Face AIDS
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have already seen in this study that sexual preference is not always fixed but can be extremely malleable for some people. The bisexuals we studied often changed their behavior and feelings in response to changing circumstances, a fact that led us to emphasize environmental over internal factors in the construction of a bisexual preference. Like other researchers who agree with this emphasis, we focused on the role played by face-to-face relationships in changing sexuality, especially intimate relationships and subcultural support (e.g., from the Bisexual Center). Soon after we returned to San Francisco we realized that our notions of the “environment” were too narrow.
Change and the Transsexual Bisexual
Authors: Weinberg Martin S , Williams Colin J , Pryor Douglas W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The transsexuals in our study not only had problems with their sexual identities (how they defined their sexual preference), but far deeper problems with their gender identities (their claims to being a man or woman). As we saw earlier, many of them relied on their sexual behaviors to establish their identities; to prove she was “really” a woman, the male-tofemale transsexual had to demonstrate attraction to men. If the events of 1983-1988 led to changes for the nontranssexual bisexuals, then we might expect changes to be at least as extensive for the transsexual bisexual. After all, if the direction of their sexual behavior has important implications for their gender identity, and sexuality has changed because of the AIDS situation, then they may have even more difficulty in achieving a stable sense of gender identity. How the transsexual bisexual fared follows. We refer to those we surveyed by pseudonyms. Remember too that in all but one case, these are male-to-female transsexuals.
Political Economy and Health
Authors: Brenner M Harvey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The political economy—the national economy, in interaction with government policies—influences a nation’s health through the mechanisms of production, distribution, and consumption. The main links between the economy and health are economic growth and instability (especially recession), economic inequality (including inequality due to structural changes), production processes and consumption of goods that are harmful to health, high-risk social-interaction patterns disproportionately prevalent in the lower socioeconomic strata, and health-care utilization.
The Life of Care
Authors: Kultgen John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until recently, Craig has been a good student and responsive son. He plans to go to college and major in political science with a view to entering law, politics, or public administration. He has been accepted by a university with a strong academic reputation. Martha has some resources, but Craig will need financial aid-a scholarship, a job on campus, perhaps a student loan. Even so, Martha will have to sacrifice.
The Prosody of Greek Speech
Authors: Devine A M , Stephens Laurence D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The reconstruction of the prosody of a dead language is, on the face of it, an almost impossible undertaking. However, once a general theory of prosody has been developed from reliable data in living languages, it is possible to exploit texts as sources of answers to questions that would normally be answered in the laboratory. In this work, the authors interpret the evidence of Greek verse texts and musical settings in the framework of a theory of prosody based on crosslinguistic evidence and experimental phonetic and psycholinguistic data, and reconstruct the syllable structure, rhythm, accent, phrasing, and intonation of classical Greek speech. Sophisticated statistical analyses are employed to support an impressive range of new findings which relate not only to phonetics and phonology, but also to pragmatics and the syntax-phonology interface.
Commercial Interpretations of the Domestic Ideology
Authors: Loeb Lori Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A woman, eyes shielded from the sun by her bonnet, sleeves rolled up past her elbows, and dress carefully protected by a pristine white apron, does her laundry. Her arms look strong and capable as she wrings a garment into a sturdy wooden bucket. Her attention is diverted toward two young children, a boy and a girl, who peer over the sides of the laundry tub to blow at a toy boat floating alongside the laundry. The woman smiles benignly at the children at play. Another woman emerges in the foreground. With a broad back, one arm bent and the other carrying a bucket, she presents a stereotypical image of the washerwoman. Behind them, a basket of laundry lies carefully folded.
“To Get to a Place”: lntercorporeality’ in Beloved
Authors: Doyle Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From The Bluest Eye through Beloved, Toni Morrison surfaces and reconstructs Ellison’s submerged story of black motherhood. In The Bluest Eye, as Michael Awkward has noted, Morrison removes the father’s rape of the daughter from its status as a framed, disowned story within a story instead positioning it as the central event in her novel.1 At the same time, in all of her novels she reconfigures the violation and abuse of black motherhood in part by transforming the storytelling techniques that speak it. In The Bluest Eye this means that she echoes Ellison’s imagery yet changes it from a veiled symbology of the motherly past to a body-embedded phenomenology of that past. Furthermore, in all of her fiction, but especially in Beloved, Morrison c eates an intercorporeal narrative that conforms to neither the Romantic subsumption of objects and nature typical of Mr. Norton’s master narrative in Invisible Man nor the deconstructive purging of objects and “meaning” typical of Ellison’s interruptive narrative. Her narrators, like Virginia Woolfs, make bodies and objects the favored level of the real, a narrative medium and a narrative locale.
Mr. Ziegfeld
Authors: Robinson Ray 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It wasn’;t a matter of personal dislike, for, with the passage of years, Ziegfeld often volunteered that Will’;s qualities of character and integrity were exceptional ones. It was simply that one man was a dedicated capitalist with an uncanny instinct for knowing what people would pay to see on a stage, while the other man was a performer, an artist, with none of Ziegfeld’;s penchant for shocking people-and none of Ziegfeld’;s coarseness.
Kidding the Famous
Authors: Robinson Ray 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As he approached nis task, Will’;s penchant for being relatively noncombative, even when he delivered messages that were scornful, accounted for much of his rising popularity. He challenged cliches, truisms, and stereotypes (even though he went along with some), poking away merrily at supposedly sacrosanct institutions. He specialized in the polite but sly insult, which became his chief weapon in dealing with the high and mighty.