bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GUI: A Geolocation Method for Unreachable IP
Authors: Zu Shuodi , Luo Xiangyang , Wang Liang , Zhang Fan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
IP geolocation technology based on network measurement can provide IP geographic location capability without user assistance. In the case that the IP target device or intermediate route device does not respond to the detection message, the existing geolocation methods have reduced the accuracy of city-level geolocation, not to mention that the target cannot be located within the city. To solve this problem, a geolocation method for unreachable IP (called GUI) is proposed. GUI first extracts the target city metropolitan area network (MAN) topology, obtains the path to the IP target and compares it with the MAN topology to achieve the city-level geolocation of the target, and then looks for landmarks in the database that belong to the same /24 subnet and the same city-level location with the target. If the above landmarks exist, GUI uses the coordinate set corresponding to the landmarks to solve the minimum covering circle, so as to judge the location of the target. If the above landmarks do not exist, GUI searches for the intersection nodes from the target detection path and MAN topology, enumerates the connected landmarks, calculates the minimum covering circle according to the coordinates and uses it for the target’s urban internal geolocation. The experimental results of 15 cities in China and the USA show that GUI can effectively geolocate IP targets. The city-level geolocation success rate of reachable IP can reach 99.41%, that of unreachable IP can reach 89.37% and the minimum median error of urban internal unreachable IP geolocation can reach 4.99km. All indicators are significantly better than the existing typical geolocation methods, such as PoP-Based Geolocation, Street-Level Geolocation, Ranking Nodes Based Geolocation, and the existing typical IP geographic location databases such as IPIP and MaxMind.
Risankizumab Induction Therapy Achieves Early Symptom Improvements That Are Associated With Future Clinical and Endoscopic Outcomes in Crohn’s Disease: Post Hoc Analysis of the ADVANCE, MOTIVATE, and FORTIFY Phase 3 Studies
Authors: Colombel Jean-Frederic , Schreiber Stefan , D’Haens Geert , Rizzo Joanne , Kligys Kristina , Griffith Jenny , Zambrano Javier , Zhou Qian , Zhang Yafei , Kalabic Jasmina , Rieder Florian , Dubinsky Marla C , Panaccione Remo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crohn’s disease [CD] symptoms are a main driver for impaired quality of life, and fast relief is important for patient care. Stool frequency [SF] and abdominal pain score [APS] are patient-reported outcomes [PROs] measuring symptom severity, which are supported as treatment targets by the STRIDE-II consensus. This post hoc analysis examined the efficacy of risankizumab [RZB], a humanised monoclonal antibody with high specificity for interleukin-23 p19, for providing early symptom relief, along with the prognostic value of early symptom relief for achieving future clinical and endoscopic endpoints.

Methods
Individual and combined measures of SF and AP at Weeks 1, 2, and 3 were assessed in patients with moderate to severe CD who received 600 mg intravenous RZB or placebo [PBO] in the ADVANCE or MOTIVATE induction studies. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the predictiveness of early symptom improvement for clinical and endoscopic outcomes following RZB induction and maintenance.

Results
Higher rates of SF/APS clinical remission and enhanced clinical response were observed as early as Week 1 with RZB vs PBO. A larger proportion of patients achieved clinical endpoints with RZB vs PBO, irrespective of prior bio-failure status. Early PRO improvement was associated with a greater likelihood of achieving clinical and endoscopic improvement following 12-week induction and 52-week maintenance RZB dosing.

Conclusions
After the first intravenous RZB induction dose, significantly greater rates of symptom improvement vs PBO were achieved. Improvements could be observed as early as Week 1 and were predictive of Weeks 12 and 52 clinical and endoscopic improvement.
Artificial intelligence-enhanced electrocardiogram for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy detection
Authors: Haq Ikram U , Liu Kan , Giudicessi John R , Siontis Konstantinos C , Asirvatham Samuel J , Attia Zachi I , Ackerman Michael J , Friedman Paul A , Killu Ammar M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
ECG abnormalities are often the first signs of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and we hypothesized that an artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced ECG could help identify patients with ARVC and serve as a valuable disease-detection tool.

Methods and results
We created a convolutional neural network to detect ARVC using a 12-lead ECG. All patients with ARVC who met the 2010 task force criteria and had disease-causative genetic variants were included. All case ECGs were randomly assigned in an 8:1:1 ratio into training, validation, and testing groups. The case ECGs were age- and sex-matched with control ECGs at our institution in a 1:100 ratio. Seventy-seven patients (51% male; mean age 47.2 ± 19.9), including 56 patients with PKP2, 7 with DSG2, 6 with DSC2, 6 with DSP, and 2 with JUP were included. The model was trained using 61 case ECGs and 5009 control ECGs; validated with 7 case ECGs and 678 control ECGs and tested in 22 case ECGs and 1256 control ECGs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the model were 77.3, 62.9, 3.32, and 99.4%, respectively. The area under the curve for rhythm ECG and median beat ECG was 0.75 and 0.76, respectively.

Conclusion
Our study found that the model performed well in excluding ARVC and supports the concept that the AI ECG can serve as a biomarker for ARVC if a larger cohort were available for network training. A multicentre study including patients with ARVC from other centres would be the next step in refining, testing, and validating this algorithm.
Pericyte loss initiates microvascular dysfunction in the development of diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Simmonds Steven J , Grootaert Mandy O J , Cuijpers Ilona , Carai Paolo , Geuens Nadeche , Herwig Melissa , Baatsen Pieter , Hamdani Nazha , Luttun Aernout , Heymans Stephane , Jones Elizabeth A V 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Microvascular dysfunction has been proposed to drive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but the initiating molecular and cellular events are largely unknown. Our objective was to determine when microvascular alterations in HFpEF begin, how they contribute to disease progression, and how pericyte dysfunction plays a role herein.

Methods and results
Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by inflammatory activation, loss of junctional barrier function, and altered pericyte–endothelial crosstalk, was assessed with respect to the development of cardiac dysfunction, in the Zucker fatty and spontaneously hypertensive (ZSF1) obese rat model of HFpEF at three time points: 6, 14, and 21 weeks of age. Pericyte loss was the earliest and strongest microvascular change, occurring before prominent echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction were present. Pericytes were shown to be less proliferative and had a disrupted morphology at 14 weeks in the obese ZSF1 animals, who also exhibited an increased capillary luminal diameter and disrupted endothelial junctions. Microvascular dysfunction was also studied in a mouse model of chronic reduction in capillary pericyte coverage (PDGF-Bret/ret), which spontaneously developed many aspects of diastolic dysfunction. Pericytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro showed downregulation of cell cycle-associated pathways and induced a pro-inflammatory state in endothelial cells upon co-culture.

Conclusion
We propose pericytes are important for maintaining endothelial cell function, where loss of pericytes enhances the reactivity of endothelial cells to inflammatory signals and promotes microvascular dysfunction, thereby accelerating the development of HFpEF.
Changes in vascular function and correlation with cardiotoxicity in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer undergoing HER2-directed therapy with and without anthracycline/cyclophosphamide
Authors: Hazim Antonious , Nhola Lara F , Kailash Vidur , Zhang Song , Sandhu Nicole P , Lerman Amir , Loprinzi Charles L , Ruddy Kathryn J , Villarraga Hector R , Lewis Bradley , Herrmann Joerg 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of HER2-directed therapy (HER2-Tx) on peripheral vasoreactivity and its correlation with cardiac function changes and the additive effects of anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (AC) therapy and baseline cardiovascular risk.

Methods and results
Single-centre, prospective cohort study of women with newly diagnosed stage 1–3 HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing HER2-Tx +/− AC. All participants underwent baseline and 3-monthly evaluations with Endo-Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (Endo-PAT), vascular biomarkers [C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and neuregulin-1 beta (NRG-1β)], and echocardiography. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of &gt;10% to a value &lt;53%. Of the 47 patients enrolled, 20 (43%) received AC in addition to HER2-Tx. Deterioration of reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) on Endo-PAT by ≥20% was more common in patients receiving HER-Tx plus AC than HER2-Tx alone (65% vs. 22%; P = 0.003). A decrease in CNP and log NRG-1β levels by 1 standard deviation did not differ significantly between the AC and non-AC groups (CNP: 20.0% vs. 7.4%; P = 0.20 and NRG-1β: 15% vs. 11%; P = 0.69) nor did GLS (35% vs. 37%; P = 0.89). Patients treated with AC had a significantly lower 3D LVEF than non-AC recipients as early as 3 months after exposure (mean 59.3% (SD 3) vs. 63.8% (SD 4); P = 0.02). Reactive hyperaemia index and GLS were the only parameters correlating with LVEF change.

Conclusion
Combination therapy with AC, but not HER2-Tx alone, leads to a decline in peripheral vascular and cardiac function. Larger studies will need to define more precisely the causal correlation between vascular and cardiac function changes in cancer patients.
Evolution of flowering time due to variation in the onset of pollen dispersal among individuals
Authors: Xu Kuangyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The evolution of flowering time is often attributed to variations in pollinator rates over time. This study proposes that flowering time can evolve through siring success variation among individuals caused by differential pollen dispersal timing (a result of flowering time variation). By building quantitative genetic models, I show that flowering time evolves to be earlier when the pollen removal rate is low and pollen deposition rate is high, and the fertilization ability of removed pollen declines slowly. Using evolutionary game theory, I show that the evolutionarily stable variance of flowering time is large when the pollen removal rate is either low or high, the pollen deposition rate is moderate, and the fertilization ability of removed pollen declines rapidly. Investigation of the coevolution of flower longevity and flowering time shows that under constant pollination rates, late flowering will be correlated with long-lived flowers due to nonrandom mating, which suggests that the observed correlation between late flowering and short-lived flowers is caused by other factors, such as declining pollination rates during late-stage flowering. I discuss how altered pollination rates under climate change will influence flowering time evolution and the importance of distinguishing between pollen removal and deposition rates.
Distinct development trajectories and symbiosis modes in vent shrimps
Authors: Methou Pierre , Guéganton Marion , Copley Jonathan T , Kayama Watanabe Hiromi , Pradillon Florence , Cambon-Bonavita Marie-Anne , Chen Chong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Most animal species have a singular developmental pathway and adult ecology, but developmental plasticity is well-known in some such as honeybees where castes display profoundly different morphology and ecology. An intriguing case is the Atlantic deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp pair Rimicaris hybisae and R. chacei that share dominant COI haplotypes and could represent very recently diverging lineages or even morphs of the same species. Rimicaris hybisae is symbiont-reliant with a hypertrophied head chamber (in the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre), while R. chacei is mixotrophic with a narrow head chamber (on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Here, we use X-ray micro-computed tomography and fluorescence in situ hybridization to show that key anatomical shifts in both occur during the juvenile–subadult transition, when R. hybisae has fully established symbiosis but not R. chacei. On the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the diet of R. chacei has been hypothetically linked to competition with the obligatorily symbiotic congener R. exoculata, and we find anatomical evidence that R. exoculata is indeed better adapted for symbiosis. We speculate the possibility that the distinct development trajectories in R. hybisae and R. chacei may be determined by symbiont colonization at a “critical period” before subadulthood, though further genetic studies are warranted to test this hypothesis along with the true relationship between R. hybisae and R. chacei.
Georgia and Florida Logging Businesses Persevere Through Pandemic, Rising Costs, and Uncertainty
Authors: Conrad Joseph L , Greene W Dale , Hiesl Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Logging businesses in Georgia and Florida combine to harvest approximately 66 million tons of timber annually, more than 10% of the US total. Since 1987, the University of Georgia has surveyed Georgia logging business owners every 5 years. Florida logging businesses were included in 2022 to gain a better understanding of logging businesses in the region. During the first quarter of 2022, questionnaires were mailed to 503 and 132 logging businesses in Georgia and Florida, respectively. Adjusted response rates were 22% in Georgia and 25% in Florida. Logging businesses produced an average of 1,956 and 2,619 tons per week in Georgia and Florida, respectively. The median owner age was approximately 56 years in Georgia and 58 years in Florida. Nearly 40% of owners were over 60 years old in both states. More than 30% of loggers in both states expected to leave the industry within 5 years. The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on logging businesses, with over 80% of logging business owners reporting reduced production, employees becoming infected, and/or difficulty finding employees. Logging business owners identified fuel, labor, trucking, and insurance as their greatest challenges in 2022.
Study Implications: Rising costs, turbulent markets, and shortages of labor are stressing many logging businesses. In the short term, adjustments to logging rates are needed to respond to increased input costs. In the long term, individual logging businesses, loggers’ associations, and the forest industry should collaborate to increase the pool of qualified labor, address trucking and insurance challenges, and create succession plans for logging business owners that plan to leave the industry.
Ground penetrating radar used to detect drowning victims under ice
Authors: Giesbrecht Gordon G , Patel Mitesh , Javid Rafid , Murray Scott , Patel Vrushil , Wiens Noah , Xie Darren , Jeffrey Ian , Ferguson Philip 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Every year, people drown after falling through ice on rivers and lakes. In some cases, the body of the victim floats up to the underside of the ice, making detection and recovery difficult using traditional search methods with divers. A robust and contact-less sensing system is required to locate drowning victims that does not put rescue teams at risk of falling through the ice themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) for detecting deceased drowning victims that have floated up to the underside of the ice. We placed three euthanized pigs simulating drowning victims under ice ranging in thickness from 5 to 26 cm. We dragged a GPR at 500 MHz and 1 GHz across the ice to detect the simulated victims using an autocorrelation-based detection technique. Results showed that both frequencies were able to detect the rough shape of the simulated victims at ice thicknesses up to 42 cm, with the 1-GHz data showing slightly more resolution than the 500-MHz data. These results show promise and suggest future development of an autonomous drone-based GPR detection system.

Key points
Comparison of Demirjian’s comprehensive chart with the London atlas of tooth development in children and adolescents: a pilot study
Authors: Chowdhry Aman , Kapoor Priyanka , Bhargava Deepak , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Mehta Abhishek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Dental age estimation has its application in various subdisciplines of medicine and dentistry. New methods of dental age (DA) estimation are emerging and it is important that we compare different methods to determine which one is more closely related to the chronological age. Demirjian’s method is one of the most widely used techniques and has been tested in various ethnic populations globally. In 2016, another approach to DA estimation is the London atlas of human tooth development and eruption. No study has compared Demirjian’s comprehensive chart and London atlas method in the Indian population. Hence, in the current study, we estimated DA using Demirjian’s comprehensive chart and London atlas method for association with the known chronologic age in children and adolescent population. The study also attempted to determine if sexual dimorphism existed in DA estimated by the two methods. Estimation was performed for both methods on 100 orthopantomogram records (50 males and 50 females, aged 6–16 years) of orthodontic patients. The data were compared and analysed using paired t-tests. There was an overestimation of DA by Demirjian’s comprehensive chart on an average of +1.3 years in males and +0.5 years in females, whereas using London atlas, it was +1.4 years in males and +0.5 years in females. The mean of underestimation was −0.6 years in males and −0.8 years in females using Demirjian’s comprehensive chart, whereas it was −0.8 years in males and −0.5 years in females. A statistically significant difference (P &lt; 0.0001) was found when mean chronological age (11.6 ± 2.6) years of the participants was compared with DA estimated using either Demirjian’s comprehensive chart (12.3 ± 2.8) years or London atlas (11.8 ± 2.9) years. The trends in this pilot study point towards more accuracy of London atlas over Demirjian’s method when done using comprehensive chart for estimating DA. In summary, the results of the current pilot study indicates greater accuracy of London atlas method over Demirjian’s comprehensive chart method for estimating DA in Indian population. This finding should be validated by conducting similar studies using larger sample, on diverse Indian ethnic populations, for applicability in pedodontic, orthodontic, and forensic domains.

Key points
A draft genome of the neritid snail Theodoxus fluviatilis
Authors: Fuchs Laura Iris Regina , Knobloch Jan , Wiesenthal Amanda Alice , Fuss Janina , Franzenburg Soeren , Torres Oliva Montserrat , Müller Christian , Wheat Christopher W , Hildebrandt Jan-Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The neritid snail Theodoxus fluviatilis is found across habitats differing in salinity, from shallow waters along the coast of the Baltic Sea to lakes throughout Europe. Living close to the water surface makes this species vulnerable to changes in salinity in their natural habitat, and the lack of a free-swimming larval stage limits this species’ dispersal. Together, these factors have resulted in a patchy distribution of quite isolated populations differing in their salinity tolerances. In preparation for investigating the mechanisms underlying the physiological differences in osmoregulation between populations that cannot be explained solely by phenotypic plasticity, we present here an annotated draft genome assembly for T. fluviatilis, generated using PacBio long reads, Illumina short reads, and transcriptomic data. While the total assembly size (1045 kb) is similar to those of related species, it remains highly fragmented (N scaffolds = 35,695; N50 = 74 kb) though moderately high in complete gene content (BUSCO single copy complete: 74.3%, duplicate: 2.6%, fragmented: 10.6%, missing: 12.5% using metazoa n = 954). Nevertheless, we were able to generate gene annotations of 21,220 protein-coding genes (BUSCO single copy complete: 65.1%, duplicate: 16.7%, fragmented: 9.1%, missing: 9.1% using metazoa n = 954). Not only will this genome facilitate comparative evolutionary studies across Gastropoda, as this is the first genome assembly for the basal snail family Neritidae, it will also greatly facilitate the study of salinity tolerance in this species. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of working with a species where high molecular weight DNA isolation is very difficult.
Transport of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides and fluorescent N-acetylchitooligosaccharide analogs into rat liver lysosomes
Authors: Bouzidi Younès , Bosco Michaël , Gao Haifei , Pradeau Stéphanie , Matheron Lucrèce , Chantret Isabelle , Busca Patricia , Fort Sébastien , Gravier-Pelletier Christine , Moore Stuart E H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Free polymannose-type oligosaccharides (fOS) are processed by cytosolic enzymes to generate Man5GlcNAc which is transferred to lysosomes and degraded. Lysosomal fOS import was demonstrated in vitro but is poorly characterized in part due to lack of convenient substrates. As chitooligosaccharides (COS, oligomers β1,4-linked GlcNAc) block [3H]Man5GlcNAc transport into lysosomes, we asked if COS are themselves transported and if so, can they be chemically modified to generate fluorescent substrates.
We show that COS are degraded by lysosomal hydrolases to generate GlcNAc, and robust ATP-dependent transport of [3H]COS2/4 di and tetrasaccharides into intact rat liver lysosomes was observed only after blocking lysosomal [3H]GlcNAc efflux with cytochalasin B. As oligosaccharides with unmodified reducing termini are the most efficient inhibitors of [3H]COS2/4 and [3H]Man5GlcNAc transport, the non-reducing GlcNAc residue of COS2-4 was de-N-acetylated using Sinorhizobium meliloti NodB, and the resulting amine substituted with rhodamine B (RB) to yield RB-COS2-4. The fluorescent compounds inhibit [3H]Man5GlcNAc transport and display temperature-sensitive, ATP-dependent transport into a sedimentable compartment that is ruptured with the lysosomotropic agent L-methyl methionine ester. Once in this compartment, RB-COS3 is converted to RB-COS2 further identifying it as the lysosomal compartment. RB-COS2/3 and [3H]Man5GlcNAc transports are blocked similarly by competing sugars, and are partially inhibited by the vacuolar ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin and high concentrations of the P-type ATPase inhibitor orthovanadate.
These data show that Man5GlcNAc, COS2/4 and RB-COS2/3 are transported into lysosomes by the same or closely related mechanism and demonstrate the utility of COS modified at their non-reducing terminus to study lysosomal oligosaccharide transport.