bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel lamina lucida component of epithelial and endothelial basement membranes detected by LH39 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Almeida Bernice M. , Challacombe Stephen J. , Eveson John W. , Smith Colin G. , Leigh Irene M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe murine monoclonal antibody, LH39 was characterized in this study and appeared to bind to a novel basement membrane epitope. This antigen was expressed in the epithelial basement membrane of human tissue derived from all three germ cell layers and in basement membranes surrounding small blood vessels within the stroma of all organs examined. LH39 antigen could be first detected in fetal skin at the dermo‐epidermal junction at 7 weeks estimated gestational age but was not present in the dermal vasculature until 16 weeks. When tested against tissue from a range of lower mammalian species, LH39 antigen appeared to be primate‐specific. The epithelial basement membrane zone in organotypical cultures, where there is de novo synthesis of basement membrane components, contained abundant LH39 antigen in contrast to other basement membrane components, type IV collagen, laminin, and type VII collagen. Ultrastructural localization of LH39 epitope, using immunogold electron microscopy on unfixed freshly frozen tissue, was to the lamina lucida. No cross‐reactivity could be detected between LH39 and laminin, fibronectin, and collagens I, III, IV, and V using the ELISA assay. In vitro studies with a range of proteolytic enzymes suggested that the antigen was non‐collagenous in nature. LH39 precipitated a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 185 kD from extracts of metabolically labelled cultured keratinocytes, and polypeptides of 185 and 200 kD from the culture medium. The tissue distribution of LH39 antigen suggested that it may be an epitope within anchoring filaments. Potential applications of this antibody include the study of benign and malignant human vascular disorders, diseases and tumours associated with angiogenesis, epithelial neoplasms, and conditions of tissue regeneration and repair, such as wound healing.
Sequential dermal microvascular and perivascular changes in the development of scleroderma
Authors: Prescott Richard J. , Freemont Anthony J. , Jones Carolyn J. P. , Hoyland Judith , Fielding Patricia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been previously proposed that there is a primary microvascular abnormality in patients with systemic sclerosis. In this study using conventional light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and labelled adenosine uptake techniques, changes in the dermal microvasculature have been related to the various clinical stages of skin disease in systemic sclerosis.The earliest pathological changes are seen in clinically normal skin. They constitute changes in endothelial cell function and their consequences. Perivascular oedema is an early feature. With progression in the clinical disease, there is, at first, an inflammatory cell infiltrate into the dermis, particularly the papillary and mid‐dermis, and platelet aggregation within vessels. Further clinical progression is associated with increasing dermal fibrosis, loss of adnexae, and vascular effacement.It is postulated that the recruitment of different types of mononuclear cells into the dermis is causally linked with the preceding endothelial cell dysfunction and the subsequent induction of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis.
Human coronary microvessels in diabetes and ischaemia. Morphometric study of autopsy material
Authors: Yarom R. , Zirkin H. , Stämmler G. , Rose A. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that excessive severity of ischaemic heart disease in diabetics is due, in part, to capillary inadequacy. Sections from autopsied hearts of diabetic patients with and without myocardial infarction as well as from those of patients with infarcts and no diabetes were used for morphometric studies of intramural microvessels in areas without infarction. Normoglycaemic patients with normal hearts were also examined. Two to five transverse sections from each of 44 hearts (stained with methenamine silver) were examined for capillary numerical density, capillary to myofibre ratios, and myofibre diameters. Averages for each case and totals for each group were calculated and compared. Normoglycaemic patients with infarcts had increased morphometric values. Diabetics with infarcts had significantly lower capillary densities than the other groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that in diabetes there is an inadequate ischaemia‐induced, reactive angiogenesis. This may contribute towards increased myocardial vulnerability in further ischaemic injury and perhaps to diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Immunoreactivity for the β chain of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor in malignant mesothelioma and non‐neoplastic mesothelium
Authors: Ramael Marc , Buysse Corinne , Bossche Jan Van Den , Segers Kurt , Van Marck Eric 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe results of an immunohistochemical study of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGF‐R)β chain in human non‐neoplastic mesothelium (35 cases) and in malignant mesothelioma (33 cases) using a murine monoclonal antibody are reported. In approximately half of the malignant mesotheliomas, there was immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells for the β chain of the PDGF‐R. In some cases, there was also membrane immunoreactivity. There were no statistically significant differences between the various mesothelioma subtypes. Immunoreactivity for PDGF‐R β chain was absent in non‐neoplastic mesothelium.
GB (guanidinobenzoatase) cell surface protease and serum inhibitors in colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Steven Frank S. , Griffin Margaret M. , Talbot Ian C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCell surface proteases and their inhibitors are functionally related to the invasive properties and metastatic potential of tumour cells. Epithelial cells of the colorectal mucosa possess a cell surface protease referred to as guanidino‐benzoatase (GB), which is similar, if not identical, to plasminogen activator. GB exists in isoenzymatic forms, one of which is associated with epithelial cells of normal colorectal mucosa and of adenomatous polyps, whilst another isoenzymatic form is associated with colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Normal serum contains inhibitor proteins which recognize the isoenzymatic form of GB found on normal and adenomatous polyp epithelial cells but this inhibitor does not recognize the isoenzymatic form of GB associated with adenocarcinoma cells. The fluorescent probe 9‐amino‐acridine locates cells possessing active GB in frozen sections of colorectal mucosa. A technique is described which enables colorectal carcinoma cells to be highlighted by fluorescence microscopy whilst normal epithelial cells are distinguished by their lack of fluorescence. This is of biological and possibly diagnostic significance.
Membranous expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the normal cervical squamous mucosa
Authors: Sanders D. S. A. , Stocks S. C. , Milne D. M. , Milne G. A. , Hopwood D. , Kerr M. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a panel of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to CEA‐related antigens in paraffin‐processed cervical biopsies, CEA and NCA expression has been demonstrated on the cell membrane of normal mature cervical squames. Cytofluorimetry of disaggregated cervical squames confirmed membranous expression and immunogold labelling of ultrathin cryostat sections localized CEA to the glycocalyx and to within cytoplasmic membrane‐bound vesicles of mature squames. Immunoblotting of cervical tissue showed that most of the CEA reactivity was expressed as a glycoprotein of molecular weight around 180 k, probably CEA itself. Localization of the CEA to the cell membrane of mature cervical squames suggests a key role for these antigens in maintaining the integrity of the squamous mucosa, through the putative function of an adhesion molecule.
Hepatic reinnervation following orthotopic liver transplantation in man
Authors: Boon Andrew P. , Hubscher Stefan G. , Lee John A. , Hines Julie E. , Burt Alastair D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have studied changes in the pattern of intrinsic hepatic innervation in sequential liver biopsies from 16 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Seventy‐one needle biopsies were used, including specimens obtained at the time of transplantation (time zero) and up to 4 years post‐transplantation; five transplant hepatectomy tissue blocks removed 3–32 months after transplantation were also assessed. Paraffin sections were immunostained with anti‐PGP 9.5 and anti‐S‐100 to identify nerve fibres.All ‘time zero’ biopsies contained portal nerves and all but two showed staining of parenchymal fibres. After 1 week, no subsequent biopsies contained parenchymal fibres. The disappearance of portal fibres was less rapid and showed greater variability between patients, but they had all disappeared by 6 weeks and there was no positive staining between 6 and 60 weeks. Thereafter, a minority of biopsies showed innervation of a few small portal tracts. Samples from the porta hepatis, hepatectomy specimens, and needle biopsies containing large tracts showed persistence of major nerve trunks at all stages. Abnormally large nerve bundles were seen in some of these areas. The pattern of nerve staining showed no obvious relationship to the intensity of rejection changes.Our results suggest that there is a limited, delayed capacity for regeneration of portal, but not parenchymal, fibres in the transplanted human liver. The physiological significance of this long‐term parenchymal denervation in transplanted livers remains to be determined.
Oral contraceptive use and histopathology of cancerous breasts in young women
Authors: Hulman G. , Trowbridge P. , Taylor C. N. , Chilvers C. E. D. , Sloane J. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA retrospective histopathological study of 300 women under 36 years of age was carried out to determine whether breast cancers occurring in oral contraceptive users showed any differences in pathological features compared with non‐users. The patients belong to an age group In which an increased risk of cancer development has been reported following oral contraceptive usage. The incidence of non‐neoplastic conditions in the residual breast was also studied in the two groups. There was little difference between breast cancers arising in pill users and non‐users but in the residual non‐neoplastic breast a decreased incidence of cysts and blunt duct adenosis was found in current users of the contraceptive pill. In contrast, lactational foci were found only in the breasts of pill users. The incidence of intraductal hyperplasia was not significantly different in the two groups.
Pathogenesis of pancreatic perilobular necrosis in patients with liver disease
Authors: Shibayama Yuro , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Nakata Katsuji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe often see perilobular necrosis of the pancreas in patients with liver disease at autopsy. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and the mechanism of development of pancreatic perilobular necrosis in patients with liver disease. Pancreatic perilobular necrosis was seen in 21 per cent of 261 autopsied patients: in 41 per cent of 73 autopsied patients with liver disease and in 13 per cent of 188 autopsied patients without liver disease. Moreover, splanchnic congestion was present in 90 per cent of 30 pancreatic perilobular necrosis patients with liver disease. These data indicate that patients with liver disease develop perilobular necrosis of the pancreas more often than patients without liver disease, and that the high frequency may be a sequela of splanchnic congestion; that is, congestion of the pancreas and endotoxaemia due to congestion of the gut.
Angiogenic activity of fibrin degradation products is located in fibrin fragment E
Authors: Thompson W. D. , Smith E. B. , Stirk C. M. , Marshall F. I. , Stout A. J. , Kocchar A 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe source of angiogenic activity of fibrin degradation products has been sought in a series of experiments, applying degradation products from different types of fibrin and fibrinogen to the chick chorioallantoic membrane. The presence of platelets or fibronectin during clotting was not essential for activity, and neither was crosslinking. Fibrinogen degradation products were non‐stimulatory, as was serum. Molecular sieve column chromatography indicated a range of active fragments. Admixture of active fibrin degradation products with antifibrin fragment E, but not D, antiserum neutralized activity. Preparations containing only fibrin fragment E retained activity. A commercial preparation of fibrinogen fragment E was inactive until treated with thrombin. These experiments point to fibrin fragment E being the source of angiogenic activity, with thrombin cleavage being the essential step in generating activity.
Evaluation of PGP9.5 in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Sams Virginia R. , Bobrow Lynda G. , Happerfield Lisa , Keeling Jean 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ability of an acetylcholinesterase‐stained frozen section to detect an increase in large cholinergic nerve fibres within the muscularis mucosae and extending into the lamina propria was a significant step forward in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). However, such frozen section diagnosis is not always possible. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of PGP9.5 to detect this pattern of mucosalnen/e fibre staining immunohistochemically. Sixtyfour specimens were included in the study. Twenty‐six of these had been diagnosed as HD by conventional means. All cases were stained immunohistochemically with PGP9.5, S100, and anti‐neurofilaments (NF). Twenty‐four cases of HD were also stained with neurone‐specific enolase (NSE). PGP9.5 reliably stained fibres in the mucosal and submucosal plexuses, and ganglion cells, when the latter were present. This positive staining of ganglion cells was more intense than that seen with NSE, and the positive fibre staining was more intense than that seen with NF. Increased lamina propria fibres were detected with PGP9.5 in only 37 per cent of HD cases compared with S100 positive staining in 60 per cent of cases. However, when S100 staining was assessed alone, it gave a higher false‐negative rate in diagnosing HD than PGP9.5 used alone. Therefore we would recommend the use of PGP9.5 and S100 together for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of HD in formalin‐fixed biopsies.
Adhesion receptors of intimal and subintimal cells of the normal synovial membrane
Authors: Demaziere A. , Athanasou N. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and matrix proteins in the normal synovium of four subjects was studied by immunohistology in order to determine the factors governing the cellular and tissue organization of the intimal and subintimal compartments. Basement membrane proteins, laminin, and collagen type IV, as well as vitronectin and fibronectin, were identified in the intima and there was corresponding expression of integrin and non‐integrin receptors (e.g., CD29, CD49b, CD49d, CD49e, CD49f, CD51, CD61, CD44) for these matrix proteins. There were notable differences in CAM expression between intimal, subintimal, and vascular compartments of the synovial membrane. Phenotypic heterogeneity for CAMs involved in cell–cell interactions, particularly CDlla, CD 11 b, ICAM‐1, and HLA‐DR, was also present. The range of CAMs expressed by synovial and endothelial cells not only indicates a structural role for these antigens, but also suggests that they may control leucocyie traffic into the membrane, including recruitment of cells into the synovial lining.
Asbestos‐stimulated tumour necrosis factor release from alveolar macrophages depends on fibre length and opsonization
Authors: Donaldson Kenneth , Li Xiao Yang , Dogra Shashi , Miller Brian G. , Brown Geraldine M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFibre length has been shown to be an important factor in the ability of respirable fibres to cause lung fibrosis and cancer. We have reported that a long sample of amosite asbestos is more carcinogenic and fibrogenic than a short sample of similar diameter. These amosite asbestos samples were studied with regard to their ability to stimulate the release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) from rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The long fibre sample was found to stimulate substantially greater release of the cytokine than the short sample. Furthermore, on treatment of the fibres with rat immunoglobulin G (IgG), there was an increase in the ability of both the long and the short sample to stimulate TNF secretion, although the long sample retained by far the greatest activity. Coating of the fibres with a range of other proteins had no substantial effect on their ability to stimulate TNF secretion. Quartz and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were included as control particles and the TNF‐stimulating activity of quartz was notably increased by opsonization with IgG. TiO2 showed a similar low activity to that of the short fibre sample of amosite but this again could be modestly increased by opsonization with IgG. The simulation of TNF release caused by treatment with immunoglobulin‐opsonized long fibre amosite could be inhibited by treatment of the macrophages with the protein kinase C‐inhibitor staurosporine. The study demonstrates a fibre length‐related ability to stimulate cytokine secretion by alveolar macrophages, and its enhancement by opsonization with IgG. This is likely to be relevant to the relationship between fibre length and pathogenic potential to the lung.
Expression of the c‐fos oncogene in chemically‐induced mouse tumours and in human skin tumours
Authors: Urabe Atsumichi , Nakayama Juichiro , Taniguchi Shun'Ichiro , Terao Hiroshi , Hori Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a polyclonal antibody to fos oncoprctein and an immunofluorescent technique, we investigated expression of the fos oncogene in chemically‐induced mouse tumours and human premalignant and malignant skin lesion. In the chemically induced tumours, the nuclei of almost all carcinoma cells stained uniformly with this antibody, while positive cells were observed in the outermost layers in the benign papillomas. In human tumours, a greater degree of nuclear staining was observed in cases of squamous cell carcinoma than in tissues from patients with Bowen's disease. Basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma with histological evidence of invasiveness of the tumour cells showed a higher expression of the fos gene product than that seen in histologically circumscribed tumour nests. Thus, a higher expression of the fos oncogene is closely related to the malignant progression of tumour cells, in particular, the extent of invasiveness.
Effect of cholesterol on the position of segmental lesions in unilaterally nephrectomized rats
Authors: Green Nicholas J. , Howie Alexander J. , Rayner Hugh C. , Walls John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDifferent positions of segmental lesions within glomeruli may correspond to different pathogenetic mechanisms. The effect of a high cholesterol diet on the position of lesions had not previously been investigated. This was studied in rats following unilateral nephrectomy, as a change in position would suggest a different mechanism of damage. Thirty‐two female WAG/ola rats had unilateral nephrectomy. Half the rats were given a diet supplemented with 4 per cent cholesterol and 1 per cent cholic acid. At death, six at 10 weeks after nephrectomy and the rest at 24 weeks, kidney sections were examined microscopically. There were significantly more segmental lesions in the cholesterol‐fed rats than in the controls, and these lesions were almost entirely at the glomemerular hilum in both groups. Significantly more glomeruli contained foamy cells in the cholesterol‐fed group, both within lesions and away from them. These findings confirmed that in reduced renal mass, segmental lesions are mainly hilar. The diet increases the number of glomeruli affected by lesions, but these are still mainly hilar. Therefore one possibility is that hypercholesterolaemia worsens the hyperfiltration effect on glomeruli. The diet also produces foamy cells scattered throughout the glomeruli but these do not appear to develop into segmental lesions.
Epithelial (E‐) and placentae (P‐) cadherin cell adhesion molecule expression in breast carcinoma
Authors: Rasbridge S. A. , Gillett C. E. , Sampson S. A. , Walsh F. S. , Millis R. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo members of the cadherin family of intercellular adhesion molecules are found in normal breast tissue: E‐ (epithelial) cadherin is present in both luminal and myoepithelial cells, whereas P‐ (placental) cadherin is confined to myoepithelium. There is experimental evidence that loss of E‐cadherin is associated with increased invasiveness of malignant cells in vitro, which stimulated us to examine the presence and distribution of E‐ and P‐cadherin in breast carcinomas by means of immunohistochemical staining.E‐Cadherin was present in all in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas examined, although it had a patchy distribution and the staining was of variable intensity. However, in 83 per cent of invasive lobular carcinomas and all lobular carcinomas in situ there was complete loss of E‐cauherin expression. In the remaining 17 per cent of invasive lobular tumours, E‐cadherin appeared to have an abnormal distribution within the cytoplasm with variable expression on the cell membrane. P‐Cadherin, by contrast, was absent from all benign breast luminal epithelium and 25 carcinomas of ductal and lobular type. It was found in only one carcinoma of lobular type. We suggest that loss of cell‐cell adhesion mediated by E‐cadherin plays a part in the characteristic morphology of lobular carcinomas.
Expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in breast cancer
Authors: Murray Graeme I. , Weaver Richard J. , Paterson Pamela J. , Ewen Stanley W. B. , Melvin William T. , Danny M. Burke 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have studied the expression of different xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in primary operable breast cancer of no special type. The expression of two forms of cytochrome P450, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and three classes of glutathione S‐transferase was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The tumours were characterized by consistent expression of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and by variable expression of the two forms of cytochrome P450 and the three types of glutathione S‐transferase. Cytochrome P450 1A and cytochrome P450 3 A were identified in 39 and 22 per cent of tumours, respectively. In each case, immunostaining was present only in areas of invasive carcinoma. Epoxide hydrolase was identified in 89 per cent of tumours and glutathione S‐transferases pi, mu, and alpha were identified in 56, 65, and 44 per cent of tumours, respectively. Immunoreactivity for epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S‐transferases was identified in both tumours and non‐neoplastic breast tissue. The presence of different xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes may have a role in determining the intrinsic drug resistance of breast cancer to a variety of anti‐cancer drugs, and the expression of these enzymes can readily be assessed using immunohistochemistry.