bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrio species: development of EUCAST susceptibility testing methods and MIC and zone diameter distributions on which to determine clinical breakpoints
Authors: Karatuna Onur , Matuschek Erika , Åhman Jenny , Caidi Hayat , Kahlmeter Gunnar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Most human infections caused by Vibrio spp. do not warrant antimicrobial treatment but in severe cases, targeted antimicrobial treatment can be lifesaving. For Vibrio spp., standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) guidelines with EUCAST methodology are lacking. In this study, we aimed to produce data suitable for EUCAST to establish clinical MIC breakpoints and zone diameter correlates for Vibrio spp.

Methods
An intercontinental collection (N = 524) comprising five important Vibrio spp. (V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus) was organized. All isolates were subjected to broth microdilution (BMD) against 11 antimicrobial agents according to ISO 20776-1 using unsupplemented Mueller–Hinton broth on freeze-dried Sensititre panels (Thermo Scientific, UK), and most isolates (n = 371) were also tested with disc diffusion according to EUCAST methodology for non-fastidious organisms.

Results
Aggregated results were used to generate MIC and zone diameter distributions and to prepare graphs of MIC-zone diameter correlation. Based on these results, the EUCAST Steering Committee determined clinical susceptible (S) and resistant (R) MIC (mg/L) breakpoints (S≤/R&gt;) for the five Vibrio spp. for piperacillin/tazobactam (1/1), cefotaxime (0.25/0.25), ceftazidime (1/1), meropenem (0.5/0.5), ciprofloxacin (0.25/0.25), levofloxacin (0.25/0.25), azithromycin (4/4), doxycycline (0.5/0.5) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (0.25/0.25). The corresponding zone diameter breakpoints were identified.

Conclusions
We demonstrated the validity of using standard BMD and EUCAST disc diffusion methodology for AST of five Vibrio spp., and generated suitable data to allow EUCAST to determine clinical MIC and zone diameter breakpoints for five pathogenic Vibrio spp., including both non-toxigenic and toxigenic V. cholerae.
Characteristic analysis and data comparative of linear and nonlinear low-frequency sweep in vibroseis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Guoyong , Xu Leiliang , Zhang Xu , Liu Xiaohan , Zhu Jianggui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Low-frequency seismic data plays a crucial role in seismic data processing and seismic wave inversion. At present, there are two methods to realize the low-frequency excitation of vibrators: one is exciting low-frequency vibrators by linear sweep signals, and the other is exciting conventional vibrators by nonlinear low-frequency sweep signals. The cost of exploration using low-frequency vibroseis is high, and it is challenging to obtain sufficient low-frequency information using traditional vibrators. To this end, this paper comparatively studies the low-frequency sweep signal characteristics and data effects of low-frequency and traditional vibrators. Therefore, three kinds of linear and nonlinear low-frequency sweep signal are designed. Theoretical analysis shows that there are certain differences between linear and nonlinear signal in design methods, signal shapes, etc., but after correlation calculations the signal spectra reflecting the seismic response and the related wavelet shapes are basically consistent. Besides, the actual force signal data shows that the linear and nonlinear harmonic distortion are basically equivalent. Finally, based on the forward simulation of three sweep signals and the comparative analysis of field test data, it can be considered that the linear and nonlinear low-frequency sweep signals of vibrators have almost the same denoising ability under the basic conditions of the spectrum and wavelet. Both can achieve low-frequency excitation and obtain rich low-frequency information, and the quality of seismic data is basically the same, so they can be applied in practical production.
Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family–related protein functions as a costimulatory molecule for murine eosinophils
Authors: Narita Tomoya , Murakami Yusuke , Ishii Takashi , Muroi Masashi , Yamashita Naomi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Eosinophils are typical effector cells associated with type 2 immune responses and play key roles in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. These cells are activated by various stimuli, such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, but the regulatory mechanisms of eosinophil effector functions remain unclear. Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family–related protein (GITR), a transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a well-known regulatory molecule for T cell activation. Here, we show that GITR is also constitutively expressed on eosinophils and functions as a costimulatory molecule for these cells. Although degranulation was unaffected by GITR engagement of murine bone marrow–derived eosinophils, secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-13 from IL-33–activated bone marrow–derived eosinophils was augmented by anti-mouse GITR agonistic antibody (DTA-1). In conclusion, our results provide a new regulatory pathway of cytokine secretion from eosinophils in which GITR functions as a costimulatory molecule.
Rare cases of colonic schwannomas
Authors: Gazivoda Victor , Wang Donghai , Siddique Mustafa , Zeng Jiangying , Robert Marie E , Pantel Haddon , Mongiu Anne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Schwannomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare spindle cell tumors that account for 2–6% of mesenchymal tumors. An elderly male was found to have a left colon mass on CT scan and colonoscopy with pathology of fibrotic tissue. A laparoscopic-assisted left hemi-colectomy with primary anastomosis was performed. Pathology demonstrated spindle cell neoplasm arranged in short fascicles that were strongly and diffusely positive for S100. An elderly female was found to have a submucosal lesion on surveillance colonoscopy in the proximal transverse colon. Biopsy with jumbo forceps revealed spindle cell neoplasm positive for S100. Patient underwent an uncomplicated limited non-oncologic segmental transverse colectomy. We report only the ninth case of left and sixth in the transverse colon described in the literature. As is true for other mesenchymal tumors, mucosal biopsy is usually inconclusive and deep biopsy or submucosal resection is required, making pre-operative surgical decision difficult.
The role of metabolomics in informing strategies for improving photosynthesis
Authors: Westhoff Philipp , Weber Andreas P M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Photosynthesis plays a vital role in acclimating to and mitigating climate change, providing food and energy security for a population that is constantly growing, and achieving an economy with zero carbon emissions. A thorough comprehension of the dynamics of photosynthesis, including its molecular regulatory network and limitations, is essential for utilizing it as a tool to boost plant growth, enhance crop yields, and support the production of plant biomass for carbon storage. Photorespiration constrains photosynthetic efficiency and contributes significantly to carbon loss. Therefore, modulating or circumventing photorespiration presents opportunities to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Over the past eight decades, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of photosynthesis, photorespiration, and the key regulatory mechanisms involved, beginning with the discovery of the canonical Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. Advanced chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies have allowed a comprehensive analysis of the metabolite patterns associated with photosynthesis, contributing to a deeper understanding of its regulation. In this review, we summarize the results of metabolomics studies that shed light on the molecular intricacies of photosynthetic metabolism. We also discuss the methodological requirements essential for effective analysis of photosynthetic metabolism, highlighting the value of this technology in supporting strategies aimed at enhancing photosynthesis.
Re-energization of AGN head–tail radio galaxies in the galaxy cluster ZwCl 0634.1+47474
Authors: Lusetti G , de Gasperin F , Cuciti V , Brüggen M , Spinelli C , Edler H , Brunetti G , van Weeren R J , Botteon A , Di Gennaro G , Cassano R , Tasse C , Shimwell T W 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Low-frequency radio observations show an increasing number of radio galaxies located in galaxy clusters that display peculiar morphologies and spectral profiles. This is the result of the dynamical interaction of the galaxy with the surrounding medium. Studying this phenomenon is key to understanding the evolution of low-energy relativistic particles in the intracluster medium. We present a multifrequency study of the three head–tail (HT) radio galaxies and the radio halo in the galaxy cluster ZwCl 0634.1+4747. We make use of observations at four frequencies performed with LOFAR LBA (53 MHz), HBA (144 MHz), GMRT (323 MHz), and VLA (1518 MHz) data. The use of extremely low radio frequency observations, such as LOFAR at 53 and 144 MHz, allowed us to detect the extension of the tails up to a distance of ∼1 Mpc. We extracted spectral profiles along the tails in order to identify possible departures from a pure ageing model, such as the Jaffe–Perola (JP) model, which only involves synchrotron and inverse-Compton losses. We found clear evidence of departures from this simple ageing model, such as surface brightness enhancement and spectral flattening along all of the tails. This can be interpreted as the consequence of particle re-acceleration along the tails. Possible explanations for this behaviour include the interaction between a shock and the radio tails or a turbulence-driven re-acceleration mechanism. We show that the latter scenario is able to reproduce the characteristic features that we observed in our profiles.
An analytical theory for the resolution attainable using eclipse mapping of exoplanets
Authors: Boone Sasha , Grant David , Hammond Mark 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analytical theory for the resolution attainable via eclipse mapping of exoplanets, based on the Fourier components of the brightness distribution on the planetary disc. We find that the impact parameter determines which features can and cannot be seen, via the angle of the stellar edge relative to the axis of the orbit during the eclipse. We estimate the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of mapping resolution, and use this to determine the attainable resolution for a given star–planet system. We test this theory against numerical simulations and find good agreement; in particular, our predictions for the resolution as a function of stellar edge angle are accurate to the simulated data to within 10 per cent over a wide range of angles. Our prediction for the number of spatial modes that can be constrained given a light-curve error is similarly accurate. Finally, we give a list of exoplanets with the best expected resolution for observations with the NIRISS SOSS, NIRSpec G395H, and MIRI LRS instruments on JWST.
Twenty red giants with magnetic fields: a detailed analysis of their chemical composition
Authors: Lyubimkov L S , Korotin S A , Petrov D V , Poklad D B 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We determined the fundamental parameters and analysed the chemical composition for 20 G and K giants within 150 pc from the Sun, for which the magnetic fields Bmax from 0.3 to 98.6 G have been detected. Abundances of 18 chemical elements from lithium (Z = 3) to hafnium (Z = 72) are derived. From infrared CN molecular lines, the nitrogen abundance and the carbon isotope ratio 12C/13C are determined. The low values 12C/13C = 7–26 for most of the giants prove that they were passed through the deep convecting mixing during the first dredge-up (FDU) evolutionary phase. Lithium is detected in spectra of 16 of 20 giants studied. The presence of lithium in atmospheres of giants passed through the deep mixing during the FDU phase contradicts the theory. The pronounced correlation between the [N/C] and [N/O] values is found, which has an evolutionary nature. A comparison of this relation with theoretical models calculated for rotating stars shows that it reflects mainly the dependence of these two values on the initial rotational velocity. The total C + N + O abundance that should be constant during the star’s evolution is found to be correlated with [Fe/H]. This correlation can be explained partially by the known [O/Fe] versus [Fe/H] relation. The anticorrelation between the [El/Fe] and [Fe/H] values for rare earth (RE) elements is obtained. The relations for both the sum C + N + O and the RE elements reflect the initial chemical composition of the giants. No marked systematic differences in the element abundances are found between the magnetic and non-magnetic giants.
Integrated proteomics spotlight the proteasome as a therapeutic vulnerability in embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes
Authors: Dottermusch Matthias , Biabani Ali , Lempertz Tasja , Schumann Yannis , Navolic Jelena , Godbole Shweta , Obrecht Denise , Frank Stephan , Dorostkar Mario M , Voß Hannah , Schlüter Hartmut , Rutkowski Stefan , Schüller Ulrich , Neumann Julia E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) are rare malignant embryonal brain tumors. The prognosis of ETMR is poor and novel therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. Comprehension of ETMR tumor biology is currently based on only few previous molecular studies, which mainly focused on the analyses of nucleic acids. In this study, we explored integrated ETMR proteomics.

Methods
Using mass spectrometry, proteome data were acquired from 16 ETMR and the ETMR cell line BT183. Proteome data were integrated with case-matched global DNA methylation data, publicly available transcriptome data, and proteome data of further embryonal and pediatric brain tumors.

Results
Proteome-based cluster analyses grouped ETMR samples according to histomorphology, separating neuropil-rich tumors with neuronal signatures from primitive tumors with signatures relating to stemness and chromosome organization. Integrated proteomics showcased that ETMR and BT183 cells harbor proteasome regulatory proteins in abundance, implicating their strong dependency on the proteasome machinery to safeguard proteostasis. Indeed, in vitro assays using BT183 highlighted that ETMR tumor cells are highly vulnerable toward treatment with the CNS penetrant proteasome inhibitor Marizomib.

Conclusions
In summary, histomorphology stipulates the proteome signatures of ETMR, and proteasome regulatory proteins are pervasively abundant in these tumors. As validated in vitro, proteasome inhibition poses a promising therapeutic option in ETMR.
The diagnostic, therapeutic, and ethical impact of artificial intelligence in modern medicine
Authors: Katwaroo Arun Rabindra , Adesh Vivek Shanker , Lowtan Amrita , Umakanthan Srikanth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the evolution of modern medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) has been proven to provide an integral aspect of revolutionizing clinical diagnosis, drug discovery, and patient care. With the potential to scrutinize colossal amounts of medical data, radiological and histological images, and genomic data in healthcare institutions, AI-powered systems can recognize, determine, and associate patterns and provide impactful insights that would be strenuous and challenging for clinicians to detect during their daily clinical practice. The outcome of AI-mediated search offers more accurate, personalized patient diagnoses, guides in research for new drug therapies, and provides a more effective multidisciplinary treatment plan that can be implemented for patients with chronic diseases. Among the many promising applications of AI in modern medicine, medical imaging stands out distinctly as an area with tremendous potential. AI-powered algorithms can now accurately and sensitively identify cancer cells and other lesions in medical images with greater accuracy and sensitivity. This allows for earlier diagnosis and treatment, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive insight into diagnostic, therapeutic, and ethical issues with the advent of AI in modern medicine.
The Effect of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Radiographic Deformities in Children With Blount Disease
Authors: Benes Gregory , Ghanem Diane , Badin Daniel , Greenberg Marc , Honcharuk Erin 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Blount disease can occur at any time during the growth process, primarily with a bimodal distribution in children younger than 4 years old and adolescents. The disease process most commonly presents in Black adolescents, with disease severity positively correlated with obesity. Given the known associations among race, obesity, and socioeconomic status, we investigated the relationship between the degree of social deprivation and severity of lower extremity deformities among a community-based cohort with Blount disease.

Methods:
A retrospective review of hospital records and radiographs of patients with previously untreated Blount disease was conducted. Patients were classified as having early-onset or late-onset Blount disease based on whether the lower limb deformity was noted before or after the age of 4 years. The area deprivation index (ADI), a nationally validated measure that assesses socioeconomic deprivation by residential neighborhood, was calculated for each patient as a surrogate for socioeconomic status. Higher state (range: 1 to 10) or national (range: 1 to 100) ADI corresponds to increased social deprivation. Full-length standing radiographs from index clinic visits were evaluated by 2 reviewers to measure frontal plane deformity. The association of ADI with various demographic and radiographic parameters was then analyzed.

Results:
Of the 65 patients with Blount disease, 48 (74%) children were Black and 17 (26%) were non-black children. Nineteen children (32 limbs) had early-onset and 46 children (62 limbs) had late-onset disease. Black patients had significantly higher mean state (7.6 vs. 5.4, P=0.009) and national (55.1 vs. 37.4, P=0.002) ADI values than non-black patients. Patients with severe socioeconomic deprivation had significantly greater mechanical axis deviation (66 mm vs. 51 mm, P=0.008). After controlling demographic and socioeconomic factors, the results of multivariate linear regression showed that only increased body mass index (β=0.19, 95% CI: 0.12-0.26, P<.001) and state ADI (β=0.021, 95% CI: 0.01-0.53, P=.043) were independently associated with greater varus deformity.

Conclusions:
Socioeconomic deprivation was strongly associated with increased severity of varus deformity in children with late-onset Blount disease. Our analysis suggests that obesity and socioeconomic factors are the most influential with regard to disease progression.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Versus Multilevel Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Chi Jialun , Zhang Yi , Fontaine Andrew , Zhang Zhichang , Wang Jesse , Labaran Lawal , Li Xudong 
Published: December 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) with multilevel anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) in posterior long-segment fusion.

Background:
PSO and ALIF/LLIF are 2 techniques used to restore lumbar lordosis and correct sagittal alignment, with each holding its unique advantages and disadvantages. As there are situations where both techniques can be employed, it is important to compare the risks and benefits of both.

Patients and Methods:
Patients aged 18 years or older who underwent PSO or multilevel ALIF/LLIF with posterior fusion of 7–12 levels and pelvic fixation were identified. 1:1 propensity score was used to match PSO and ALIF/LLIF cohorts for age, sex, and relevant comorbidities, including smoking status. Logistic regression was used to compare medical and surgical outcomes. Trends and costs were generated for both groups as well.

Results:
ALIF/LLIF utilization in posterior long fusion has been steadily increasing since 2010, whereas PSO utilization has significantly dropped since 2017. PSO was associated with an increased risk of durotomy (P < 0.001) and neurological injury (P = 0.018). ALIF/LLIF was associated with increased rates of postoperative radiculopathy (P = 0.005). Patients who underwent PSO had higher rates of pseudarthrosis within 1 and 2 years (P = 0.015; P = 0.010), 1-year hardware failure (P = 0.028), and 2-year reinsertion of instrumentation (P = 0.009). Reoperation rates for both approaches were not statistically different at any time point throughout the 5-year period. In addition, there were no significant differences in both procedural and 90-day postoperative costs.

Conclusions:
PSO was associated with higher rates of surgical complications compared with anterior approaches. However, there was no significant difference in overall reoperation rates. Spine surgeons should select the optimal technique for a given patient and the type of lordotic correction required.
Hospital Course and Complications of Subaxial Cervical Trauma Patients With Tetraplegia or Paraplegia
Authors: Scott Maxwell M. , Patel Dil V. , Lucasti Christopher , Vallee Emily K. , Clark Lindsey D. , Kowalski Joseph M. 
Published: December 2023

Study Design:
A single-institution, retrospective cohort study

Objective:
The objective was to present demographic characteristics, mechanism of injuries, lengths of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) days, discharge locations, and causes of 90-day readmission for patients with subaxial spinal cord injuries resulting in paraplegia or tetraplegia.

Summary of Background Data:
Spinal cord injuries resulting in paraplegia or tetraplegia are rare injuries with debilitating outcomes. Numerous advances have occurred in caring for these patients, but patients still experience multiple complications. The severity of these injuries and numerous complications result in prolonged hospital stays and the need for extensive rehabilitation.

Methods:
Twelve patients with subaxial spinal cord injury resulting in paraplegia or tetraplegia from a level 1 adult trauma center were reviewed. The primary outcomes included hospital length of stay, ICU days, intrahospital complications, 90-day readmission rates, and discharge location. We reviewed the literature for these outcomes in spinal cord injuries.

Results:
For patients with subaxial spinal cord injuries resulting in paraplegia and tetraplegia, the average age was 36.0 years, and most were male [91.7% (11/12)]. The most common mechanism of injury was gunshot wounds[41.7% (5/12)]. Patients spent an average of 46.3 days in the hospital and 30.7 days in the ICU. Respiratory complications were the most common (9 patients). Fifty percent of patients (6/12) were discharged to the inpatient spinal cord rehab center, and 16.7% (2/12) expired while in the hospital. Two patients (20.0%) were readmitted within 90 days of discharge.

Conclusions:
Most patients with subaxial spinal cord injuries resulting in paraplegia or tetraplegia were young males with high-energy traumas. Many patients had intrahospital complications, and most were discharged to the hospital spinal rehab center. These findings likely stem from the severity of paraplegia and tetraplegia injuries and the need for rehabilitation.