bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher Shortage in Sweden—School Authorities’ Perception of the Shortage and Possible Solutions
Authors: Boström Lena 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The lack of educated teachers has long been an accelerating problem in Sweden. The difference between access and demand for teachers will increase until 2035, and the imbalance will continue for many years. Currently, Sweden has about a 30% shortage of trained teachers. National politicians are trying to address this problem through several reforms (Håkansson et al., 2022). The question, however, is what opinions school authorities (According to the Education Act (Skollagen, 2010, p. 800), the school authority in a school system can be a municipality, county council, state, or individual that is responsible for the school’s activities. In this text, the most responsible head of a municipality responded to the survey.)—those who are most responsible for teacher recruitment and, to some extent, are closest to the problem—have about the situation. Therefore, this paper presents empirical data from a Web survey answered by 55 schools and analysed by content analysis. The results show that they take this major shortcoming seriously and that both the short- and long-term solutions include improving the profession’s reputation, salaries, and working environment. Fast tracks for teacher training and effective validation for existing skills were called for. The results also pointed to the need for a national gathering on the issue.
Addressing the Problem of Teacher Shortage in the Australian Educational Context
Authors: Dawborn-Gundlach Merryn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the 21st Century, teacher shortages have become a serious challenge for education systems in countries across the globe. Some factors that compound the problem of teacher shortage in Australia include an aging workforce, lower salaries compared to other careers requiring similar levels of education and experience, a high workload demanded of teachers, especially when curriculum, compliance and administrative concerns are considered, and the low esteem with which the teaching profession is regarded. The workforce shortages facing Australian schools are exacerbated by declining enrolments in initial teacher education programs, increased numbers of students not completing their teacher qualifications and increasing numbers of students in primary and secondary schools. One approach that addresses the problem of teacher shortage is to offer alternative pathways to teaching qualifications, including employment-based pathways. These pathways require strong partnerships between initial teacher education providers and schools. A second approach, that is gathering momentum in Australia, is to encourage professionals from other careers to consider teaching as a possible career choice. Targeting ‘change of career’ teachers through aggressive marketing campaigns has increased markedly in recent years. Offering courses for career changers to ‘earn as they learn’ and which do not require a return to full-time on-campus studying has provided a flexibility of delivery not seen in traditional initial teacher education programs.
Bayesian monitoring of machining processes using non-intrusive sensing and on-machine comparator measurement
Authors: Papananias Moschos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Machining processes are largely reliant on manual intervention and non-value-added processes, such as post-process inspection, to achieve end-product conformance. However, the ever-increasing demand for high manufacturing productivity combined with low costs and high product quality requires online monitoring systems to provide real-time insights into the cutting process and minimize the volume of non-value-added processes. Most of the published work on machining process monitoring focuses on intrusive measurement equipment, such as dynamometers, to predict the dimensional quality of machined parts, preventing industrial exploitation due to practical limitations. The main focus of this work is to address this issue by developing a new product health monitoring method for machining processes using non-intrusive and low-cost instrumentation and data acquisition (DAQ) hardware. The sensing setup in this work includes an acoustic emission (AE) sensor and two accelerometers in the work holding. The proposed monitoring system is applied to milling experiments using Gaussian process regression (GPR) for probabilistic nonlinear in-process product condition monitoring. Validation results show the effectiveness of the GPR model to provide accurate probabilistic predictions of product health metric deviations with reasonable uncertainty estimates considering the large variability of the data. In addition, a Bayesian inference methodology is derived to dynamically incorporate subsequent information from on-machine probing (OMP) with a comparator method, improving the accuracy and robustness of the proposed solution. Specifically, it is demonstrated that a precision-weighted combination of prior information from the posterior predictive distribution for a future observation and new metrological information from on-machine comparator measurement (OMCM) can clearly improve posterior inferences about the end product condition.
Convergence analysis for a fully-discrete finite element approximation of the unsteady $$p(\cdot ,\cdot )$$-Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Berselli Luigi C. , Kaltenbach Alex 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the present paper, we establish the well-posedness, stability, and (weak) convergence of a fully-discrete approximation of the unsteady

$$p(\cdot ,\cdot )$$

p
(
·
,
·
)

-Navier–Stokes equations employing an implicit Euler step in time and a discretely inf-sup-stable finite element approximation in space. Moreover, numerical experiments are carried out that supplement the theoretical findings.
East Central Europe’s exposure to China: ephemeral sources of susceptibility
Authors: Valiyeva Kamala 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
China’s presence in ECE is characterized by its fragmented structure and continued divergences between societal perceptions and political stances toward Beijing, thereby rendering the exposure to its influence ephemeral. The ECE-China engagements transcend the conventional framework of material-economic considerations, veering into the domain of ideational influences, wherein it predominantly manifests through elite-level identity dynamics and the intricacies of rhetorical politics. Within this premise, the paper employs analytical eclecticism to operationalize theories on normative power and symbolic domination in synthesis with the concepts of liminality and elite capture to explain ECE’s exposure to China. With an emphasis on the historical ideational paradigms and institutional-political dynamics, the paper delineates two pivotal factors that were instrumental in elucidating the contours of regional vulnerability. First, it foregrounds the historical geopolitical liminality of ECE, dissecting its contemporary expression in the strategic rivalry between the development models propagated by the EU and China. This juxtaposition is starkly characterized by a cleavage between Beijing’s pragmatic-driven framework embodied in the 16/14 + 1 platform and ECE’s existence within a values-based paradigm upheld by Brussels. Within this dichotomy of fundamentally divergent development paradigms, ECE nations undergoing an illiberal turn or lacking in resilient state capacity yet striving to assert their geopolitical subjectivity have increasingly displayed an eastward pivot in their foreign relations. Secondly, the paper addresses the interplay between post-communist institutional development and elite formation and their correlation with susceptibility to China’s influence, emphasizing the elite capture phenomenon, predominantly evident among the more authoritarian-leaning countries of the region.
Retinal displacement using optical coherence tomography angiography and metamorphopsia in eyes undergoing macular hole surgery
Authors: Tsukahara Shun , Takeyama Asuka , Ishida Masahiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the relationship between metamorphopsia and retinal structural changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images before and after macular hole (MH) surgery.

Study design
Retrospective, consecutive, case series.

Methods
Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients undergoing MH surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling were studied. M-CHARTS (MC) was used to evaluate metamorphopsia. Retinal distances were measured between two sets of retinal vessel bifurcations that cross the macula vertically and horizontally near and distal to the macula using OCTA 3x3 mm en face images. The rate of change in retinal distance was defined as retinal displacement%. Basal and minimum MH diameters and retinal thicknesses were measured using Spectralis.

Results
The vertical and horizontal MC scores improved postoperatively (P<0.001). The retinal distance decreased in all periods (P<0.001), and retinal displacements% was greater near than distal to the center of the macula (P<0.001). Retinal displacement% was correlated with basal MH diameter (rs=−0.419 to −0.280, P<0.001 to 0.045). The horizontal MH diameter was a significant factor related to vertical MC score at baseline and 6 months postoperatively (P value range: P=0.002–0.004). The rates of change in outer retinal thickness and retinal displacement% near the center of the macula were significant factors related to horizontal MC scores at 6 months (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Retinal displacement near the macular region contributes to MH closure after surgery. The larger the MH diameter, the greater the retinal displacement near the macula and the degree of residual postoperative metamorphopsia.
Transient Lymphatic Remodeling Follows Sub-Ablative High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation Therapy in a 4T1 Murine Model
Authors: Esparza Savieay , Jacobs Edward , Hammel Jennifer H. , Michelhaugh Sharon K. , Alinezhadbalalami Nastaran , Nagai-Singer Margaret , Imran Khan Mohammad , Davalos Rafael V. , Allen Irving C. , Verbridge Scott S. , Munson Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) is a minimally invasive local ablation therapy known to activate the adaptive immune system and reprogram the tumor microenvironment. Its predecessor, irreversible electroporation (IRE), transiently increases microvascular density and immune cell infiltration within the surviving non-ablated and non-necrotic tumor region, also known as the viable tumor region. However, the impact of pulse electric field therapies on lymphatic vessels, crucial for T-cell fate and maturation, remains unclear. This study investigates how sub-ablative H-FIRE (SA-HFIRE) affects lymphatic and blood microvascular remodeling in the 4T1 mammary mouse model. We conducted a temporal and spatial analysis to evaluate vascular changes in the viable tumor, peritumoral fat pad, and tumor-draining lymph node post-treatment. Histological examination showed a transient increase in blood vessel density on Day 1 post-treatment, followed by a spike in lymphatic vessel density in the viable tumor region on Day 3 post-treatment, increased lymphatic vessel density in the peripheral fat pad, and minimal remodeling of the tumor-draining lymph node within 3 days following treatment. Gene expression analysis indicated elevated levels of CCL21 and CXCL2 on Day 1 post-treatment, while VEGFA and VEGFC did not appear to contribute to vascular remodeling. Likewise, CCL21 protein content in tumor-draining axillary lymph nodes correlated with gene expression data from the viable tumor region. These findings suggest a dynamic shift in lymphatic and blood microvascular structures post-SA-HFIRE, potentially enhancing the adaptive immune response through CCL21-mediated lymphatic homing and subsequent lymph node microvascular remodeling. Future work will assess the immune and transport function of the microvasculature to inform experiments aimed at the application of adjuvant therapies during scenarios of tumor partial ablation.
CAPIO-CL: The CAPIO Coordination Language
Authors: Santimaria Marco Edoardo , Martinelli Alberto Riccardo , Colonnelli Iacopo , Cantalupo Barbara , Torquati Massimo , Aldinucci Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The performance bottleneck in file-based workflows remains a pressing issue in the realm of I/O-based workflows. To address this challenge, a novel annotation language has been developed. CAPIO-CL is positioned as an innovative I/O coordination language, enabling users to annotate data dependencies within file-based workflows with synchronization semantics pertinent to the involved files and directories. Through the information provided by the language, optimization opportunities arise in streaming and preemptive data movement. This paper serves to illustrate the semantics and syntax enabling CAPIO-CL to enhance the performance of in situ workflows without necessitating the rewriting or modification of the original workflow application steps. Finally, an analysis of CAPIO-CL is provided, taking into consideration both language expressiveness and application performance enhancement.
Fungal alkaloids mediate defense against bruchid beetles in field populations of an arborescent ipomoea
Authors: Prado Alberto , Pineda-Solis Susana , Garibay-Orijel Roberto , Windsor Donald , Boevé Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Several Convolvulaceae species harbor heritable fungal endophytes from which alkaloids are translocated to reproductive tissues of the plant host. Evidence for the distribution and ecological role of these fungal alkaloids, however, is lacking or incomplete for many host species and growth forms. Here we report on the identity of the fungal endophytes and quantities of alkaloids present in the leaves and seeds of the arborescent morning glory, Ipomoea murucoides (Convolvulaceae). Young folded leaf samples taken from the wild, harbored mycelium of one of two fungal taxa wrapped around the leaves’ glandular trichomes. Most trees harbored the swainsonine producing Ceramothyrium (Chaetothyriales) fungi while a few trees were found to harbor a Truncatella (Xylariales) species, suggesting endophyte replacement. Seeds had higher concentrations of the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine than leaves. Additionally, seeds from trees harboring Ceramothyrium fungi exhibited less bruchid damage and had higher concentrations of swainsonine than seeds from trees harboring Truncatella fungi. Five sesquiterpenes were detected in the leaf trichomes in both Ceramothyrium and Truncatella colonized trees. The seed content of the tropane alkaloids, tropine and tropinone, did not differ significantly among the two fungal symbionts. It is likely that the host allocates the defensive chemicals from leaves to seeds, protecting them from seed predators such as bruchid beetles. Overall, our field data show that Ipomoea species provides an interesting opportunity to study vertical and horizontal fungal symbiont transmissions.
What stereoblindness teaches us about visual reality
Authors: Ferretti Gabriele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Our experience seems to be populated by mind-independent objects. These very same objects are also experienced as offering the possibility of motor interactability. Thus, one may be tempted, prima facie, to consider these two experiences as always related. In this paper, I propose that this idea is not tenable, by invoking evidence from vision science and ophthalmology about a special case of blindness, stereoblindness. Stereoblind subjects cannot rely on stereopsis. Stereopsis is the visual mechanisms responsible for the experience of motor interactability with objects. Nonetheless, as I argue, stereoblind subjects can experience objects as mind-independent (notwithstanding the diminished quality of the experience of their spatial features for action). This claim is crucial for the literature. First, it explicitly suggests that the visual experience of motor interactability and the experience of mind-independence do not always correlate, and can be disjointed, though they may be usually considered two simultaneous aspects of our experience of objects. Second, it offers a novel philosophical discussion, showing the significance, for the first time, of this visual impairment, i.e., stereoblindness, for the literature on philosophy of perception.
AI, robots and innovation in European SMEs
Authors: Segarra-Blasco Agustí , Tomàs-Porres Josep , Teruel Mercedes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is increasing interest in the impact of advanced digital technologies on SMEs, but the determinants of their adoption and their association with multiple innovation outcomes remain unexplored. Based on the Flash Eurobarometer 486, this paper analyses how the adoption of artificial intelligence and robots is related to European SMEs carrying out product, process, organizational and marketing innovations. Our results establish scale-ups and start-ups as the most likely adopters of these technologies and the most innovative firms. Furthermore, internal characteristics, such as internationalization and firm size, and external factors, such as the availability of digital skills and infrastructure, are significant drivers of digitalization at the firm level. In a two-stage approach, we find that the adoption of artificial intelligence and robots is associated with all innovation types, although these technologies serve more specialised objectives in manufacturing rather than in service sectors. Our results confirm a significant variability in the adoption of artificial intelligence and robots, as well as heterogeneous associations with innovation outcomes.
Agilität in der Studiengangsentwicklung an deutschen Hochschulorganisationen – Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Härer Florian , Herzwurm Georg , Schmidt Ralf 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird die Anwendung von Agilität in Hochschuleinrichtungen als Reaktion zu steigenden Herausforderungen im Hochschulumfeld untersucht. Ziel ist es, öffentlich kommunizierte Informationen zur Studiengangsentwicklung zu bewerten, um zu verstehen, wie Agilität in der Hochschulpraxis eingesetzt wird und um Unterschiede in der Anwendung an verschiedenen Hochschultypen zu ermitteln. In der empirischen Untersuchung werden zunächst nützliche Dokumente von Hochschulwebsiten identifiziert und anschließend mit einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse auf das Vorhandensein von Agilität geprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass von den 423 analysierten Hochschulorganisationen 77 den praktischen Einsatz von Agilität in der Studiengangsentwicklung demonstrieren. Eine anschließend vergleichende Analyse zwischen Hochschultypen zeigt Verbesserungspotential von Agilität in der Hochschulpraxis auf.
Qualitative research in cardiac surgery: importance, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Narayan Eka , Cheah Ramsah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Qualitative research in cardiac surgery remains underutilised despite its crucial role in understanding patient experiences and improving care delivery. Cardiac surgery has traditionally been dominated by quantitative research and despite its clear value, qualitative research remains underutilised in cardiac surgery. This narrative review highlights key qualitative findings in valve replacement procedures, including patient autonomy in decision-making, post-operative challenges, and financial burdens. Mixed-methods research combining quantitative and qualitative approaches offers a comprehensive framework for addressing complex healthcare challenges. We propose strategic areas for future qualitative research and recommend increased integration of qualitative methodologies in cardiac surgical practice.
Dynamical behavior of a stochastic epidemiological model: stationary distribution and extinction of a SIRS model with stochastic perturbations
Authors: Zinihi Achraf , Sidi Ammi Moulay Rchid , Ehrhardt Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper deals with a new epidemiological model of SIRS with stochastic perturbations. The primary objective is to establish the existence of a unique non-negative nonlocal solution. Using the basic reproduction number

$$\mathscr {R}_0$$

R
0

derived from the associated deterministic model, we demonstrate the existence of a stationary distribution in the stochastic model. In addition, we study the fluctuation of the unique solution of the deterministic problem around the disease-free equilibrium under certain conditions. In particular, we reveal scenarios where random effects induce disease extinction, contrary to the persistence predicted by the deterministic model. The theoretical insights are complemented by numerical simulations, which provide further validation of our findings.
Small-weight codewords of algebraic geometry codes
Authors: Ravagnani Alberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a general method for characterizing the supports of small-weight codewords of algebraic geometry codes. We apply the method to investigate the weight distributions of error-correcting codes constructed from the Hermitian curve and from norm-trace curves, providing closed formulas for several parameter sets. The results presented in this paper draw on E. Ballico’s contributions to the connection between coding theory and algebraic geometry.
Insecurity and Safety Complications in Nigeria: A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Study of Human Security Threat in Nigerian Newspaper Reports
Authors: Osisanwo Ayo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Security challenges, as continuously reported by different media outlets, have been on the upward scale in Nigeria today. This paper examines English-medium news reports published by selected Nigerian newspapers from 2020 to 2022, to uncover how they represent (in)security challenges within the Nigerian state. Adopting a corpus-based approach to critical discourse analysis, this paper deploys the Sketch Engine and Wmatrix corpus tools, focusing on the keyword slant and semantic domains to unearth thematic focus, while Reisigl and Wodak (in: Wodak and Michael (eds) Methods of critical discourse analysis, Sage, London, 2009) discourse approach to critical discourse analysis is deployed to identify a series of discourses through which (in)security and related issues are represented. Data revealed that the news reports are characterised by different constructions on security challenges in Nigeria. The discussion of security threats is consistent in Nigerian newspapers using different discourse strategies, especially nomination and predication to evaluate insecurity negatively. The negative othering of insecurity and the failure of the state to eradicate insecurity in Nigeria accentuates the general perception of insecurity within the Nigerian space using communication in Nigerian newspapers as a case in point. The complication of safety in Nigeria is a function of political unwillingness.