bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of substrate size on immunoinhibition of amylase activity
Authors: Warshawsky Ilka , Hortin Glen L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImmunoinhibition assays are hypothesized to work by antibodies blocking substrate access to enzyme active sites. To test this hypothesis, the inhibition of amylase isoenzymes by monoclonal and polyclonal antisera was assessed using substrates of varying sizes: chromogenic sustrates 3, 5, or 7 glucose units in length, novel synthetic macromolecular substrates, and starch. The synthetic macromolecular substrates consisted of small oligosaccharide substrates linked to an inert polymer that conferred a large size to substrate molecules as determined by gel filtration chromatography. When substrate size increased, amylase activity could be inhibited equivalently by antibody concentrations that are 10&hyphen;fold lower. Progressively less polyclonal serum was required to inhibit amylase activity as substrate length increased from 3 to 5 to 7 glucose units and as size was increased by linkage to a polymer. Different effects of substrate size were observed with two monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody blocked amylase activity independent of substrate size, while another monoclonal antibody had little inhibitory effect except using starch as substrate. We conclude that use of larger substrates can expand the repertoire of inhibitory epitopes on enzymes and convert a noninhibitory antibody into an inhibitory one. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:64&ndash;70, 2001.
Histamine release test and measurement of antigen&hyphen;specific IgE antibody in the diagnosis of allergic conjunctival diseases
Authors: Uchio Eiichi , Matsuura Noriko , Matsumoto Satoru , Kadonosono Kazuaki , Ohno Shigeaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough systemic allergic laboratory tests for the quantification of allergen&hyphen;specific serum IgE antibody have been widely used, in these tests a high titer of serum specific IgE does not necessarily indicate evidence of allergy. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the glass microfiber&hyphen;based histamine release test &lpar;HRT&rpar; using small amounts of whole blood, in 36 cases of allergic conjunctival diseases: 17 cases of allergic conjunctivitis and 19 of atopic keratoconjunctivitis. The patients were evaluated by HRT, capsulated hydrolic carrier polymer &lpar;CAP&rpar;&hyphen;RAST, and conjunctival provocation test &lpar;CPT&rpar; against ten allergens. The positive rates for all allergens were higher in CAP&hyphen;RAST than in HRT. The mean concordance of HRT with CAP&hyphen;RAST results was 0.789. The mean concordance of HRT with CPT was 0.892 and that of CAP&hyphen;RAST with CPT was 0.693. A significantly higher concordance was observed in HRT than CAP&hyphen;RAST for Japanese cedar and mite antigen. The mean sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of HRT were higher than those of CAP&hyphen;RAST. These results indicate that CAP&hyphen;RAST is good for the screening of allergens and that HRT has an advantage in the confirmation of clinical allergens in allergic conjunctival diseases because of its high sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and higher concordance with CPT. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:71&ndash;75, 2001. &copy; 2001 Wiley&hyphen;Liss, Inc.
An experiential alternative to countertransference
Authors: Mahrer Alvin R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an experiential alternative, the therapist and the client attend mainly to a “third thing” throughout the session instead of to one another. A case is presented in which the experiential alternative can offer some new, and perhaps interesting, uses of the therapist's personal reactions in comparison with the uses of countertransference and personal reactions of the therapist when therapist and client attend mainly to one another throughout the session. These new uses are presented and illustrated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 1021–1028, 2001.
MMPI profile characteristics of women with varying levels of normal dissociation
Authors: Leavitt Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMMPI‐2 correlates of normal dissociation as measured by the absorption subscale items of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) were examined in patients with diagnoses in the dissociative spectrum (n = 119) and not in the dissociative spectrum (n = 97). All patients completed the MMPI‐2 and DES and were assigned to subgroups based on a cut‐off score of 30 on normal dissociation. Results indicated that normal dissociation was unusually prominent among patients with mental disorders. The MMPI profiles of those with high imbalances of normal dissociation were skewed in the direction of more pathology across a broad range of mental symptoms. This was true for both dissociative and nondissociative patients. These findings provide preliminary evidence that high imbalances in normal dissociation may be related to psychopathology of a general nature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1469–1477, 2001.
A case illustration of resistance from a cognitive perspective
Authors: Newman Cory F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBrian, a 36‐year‐old, single, white male, entered cognitive therapy in response to a depressive episode precipitated by the loss of a job. In addition to his Major Depression, the client met diagnostic criteria for Dysthymia and Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. The first three sessions focused on Brian's unemployment crisis and related dysphoria, as well as his passive‐avoidant approach to life. Brian collaborated with the therapist in formulating a treatment plan and quickly found a new job, whereupon he abruptly withdrew from therapy. Shortly thereafter, Brian contacted the therapist in a renewed state of “crisis” and returned for a fourth session. The therapist attempted to draw a link between Brian's passive‐avoidant style and his vulnerability to problems such as those he currently was experiencing. The client had difficulty understanding the therapist's thread of logic, became somewhat defensive and combative, and did not return for further sessions. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 58: 145–149, 2002.
Auld lang Syne: Success predictors, change processes, and self‐reported outcomes of New Year's resolvers and nonresolvers
Authors: Norcross John C. , Mrykalo Marci S. , Blagys Matthew D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew Year's resolvers (n = 159) and comparable nonresolvers interested in changing a problem later (n = 123) were followed for six months via telephone interviews to determine their self‐reported outcomes, predictors of success, and change processes. The two groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics, problem histories, or behavioral goals (weight loss, exercise program, and smoking cessation being the most prevalent). Resolvers reported higher rates of success than nonresolvers; at six months, 46% of the resolvers were continuously successful compared to 4% of the nonresolvers. Self‐efficacy, skills to change, and readiness to change assessed before January 1 all predicted positive outcome for resolvers. Once into the new year, successful resolvers employed more cognitive–behavioral processes but fewer awareness‐generating and emotion‐enhancing processes than nonsuccessful resolvers. Discussion centers on the research and intervention opportunities afforded by the annual tradition of resolutions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 397–405, 2002.
Postprandial dilatation of the gallbladder in cholelithiasis
Authors: Samovsky Maria , Loberant Norman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeWe assessed the postprandial sonographic findings in patients with cholelithiasis whose gallbladders were completely contracted after fasting.MethodsThe gallbladders of 5 patients with recurrent abdominal pain were completely contracted despite overnight fasting and could not be adequately examined on sonography. The patients were given a fatty meal and re‐examined after 30 minutes.ResultsIn all patients, the gallbladder became distended after the meal, and gallstones were clearly demonstrated.ConclusionsPatients whose gallbladders are completely contracted after overnight fasting and cannot be adequately evaluated on sonography should be given a fatty meal and re‐examined sonographically. This technique is efficient in preventing unnecessary additional patient visits for the evaluation of cholelithiasis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:513–516, 2001.
Role of systematic ultrasound‐guided staging biopsies in predicting extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Okihara Koji , Kamoi Kazumi , Lane Roger B. , Evans Robert B. , Troncoso Patricia , Babaian R. Joseph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo assess the presence of extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion in men with prostate cancer, we performed systematic staging biopsies targeting neurovascular bundles, seminal vesicles, and other extraprostatic tissues before the men underwent radical prostatectomy. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy of these systematic staging biopsies compared with digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal sonography (TRUS).MethodsTwo hundred forty‐four candidates for prostatectomy who had a diagnostic biopsy Gleason score of 8 or higher and/or indications of extraprostatic extension (eg, seminal vesicle invasion) by DRE or TRUS underwent staging biopsies using an 18‐gauge Tru‐Cut needle under real‐time TRUS guidance between June 1997 and March 2000. We determined the number of staging biopsy cores to be taken based on the Gleason score of the diagnostic biopsy as well as abnormal DRE and/or TRUS findings. The chi‐square test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of differences.ResultsThere were no complications of staging biopsy. In 75 (31%) of the 244 patients, results of the staging biopsies were positive. The clinical stage was upgraded by staging biopsy in 18 (24%) of these 75 patients. After the staging biopsies, 90 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Among these 90 patients, staging biopsy specimens were positive for cancer in 20 (47%) of the 43 patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and in 1 (2%) of the 47 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. There were no false‐positive staging biopsies in either group. Among the 90 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, the false‐negative rate for the prediction of organ‐confined disease was 43% (30/69) for staging biopsies compared with 29% (10/34) for TRUS. The diagnostic accuracy of staging biopsies (67%; 60/90) was higher than that of DRE (52%; 47/90; p < 0.05) but lower than that of TRUS (79%; 71/90; p = 0.066).ConclusionsStaging biopsies can reliably sample extraprostatic tissue, including the seminal vesicles and neurovascular bundles. Positive staging biopsy results can aid in the selection of treatment options and in the prediction of outcome for individual patients by providing definitive histologic confirmation of locally advanced disease. Conventional predictive variables for staging can be applied when the results of staging biopsies are negative. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:123–131, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10052
Determination of thyroid volume by Sonography in healthy Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: Rossi Adriana , Tomimori Eduardo , Camargo Rosalinda , Medeiros‐Neto Geraldo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeOur objective was to establish thyroid volume by sonography in Brazilian schoolchildren and to correlate thyroid volume with anthropometric characteristics.MethodsSonographic studies of thyroid volume were conducted in 1,977 schoolchildren (6–14 years old) from 21 villages and towns in Central Brazil. Iodine concentration was analyzed in urine specimens and in salt samples obtained from the children's homes. Thyroid volumes were also compared with volumes reported for other countries.ResultsAge, height, and weight correlated with thyroid volume. Thyroid volumes for boys and girls were generally lower than those obtained in Europe and comparable to those obtained in Malaysia and Iran. Urinary iodine excretion was considered elevated in about half of the Brazilian schoolchildren, and the iodine content of salt samples was more than 50 ppm in 58%.ConclusionsWe observed relatively smaller thyroid gland volumes in Brazilian schoolchildren as compared with those reported in Europe. This was apparently due to a higher iodine intake in our population. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:226–231, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10060
Sonographic diagnosis of a giant aneurysm of the common hepatic artery
Authors: Bachar Gil Nissim , Belenky Alexander , Lubovsky Lubov , Neuman‐Levine Margalit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatic artery aneurysms are rare vascular lesions sometimes found incidentally during abdominal imaging. We present the case of a 61‐year‐old man whose initial symptoms were tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and epigastric pain. Gray‐scale sonography revealed ascites and an 8.1‐cm mass in the region of the porta hepatis; color Doppler sonography revealed a turbulent arterial waveform with high peak systolic velocity. We diagnosed a giant aneurysm of the common hepatic artery. Three‐dimensional CT angiography confirmed this diagnosis and also revealed hemoperitoneum. The patient underwent aneurysmectomy and recovered well. This case shows that the use of both sonography and CT angiography offers a promising alternative to conventional angiography for the diagnosis of and treatment planning for hepatic artery aneurysms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:300–302, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10077
Autotomy as a prelude to regeneration in echinoderms
Authors: Wilkie I.C. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract‘Autotomy’ refers to the adaptive detachment of animal body parts where this serves a defensive function, is achieved by an intrinsic mechanism, and is nervously mediated. With regard to each echinoderm class, this article itemises those structures that are autotomous, evaluates the extent to which autotomy precedes regeneration in natural populations, reviews current knowledge of the morphology of autotomy planes and mechanisms that effect fracture at autotomy, and comments on autotomy‐related issues arising from studies of the cellular events of regeneration. Each autotomy plane can be regarded as an assemblage of breakage zones traversing the individual anatomical components of the autotomous structure. In any one autotomy plane some breakage zones are permanent sites of weakness that are fractured by external forces and some are potential sites of weakness that undergo a loss of tensile strength only at the time of autotomy. The latter occur predominantly in mutable collagenous structures, although there are a few examples of muscles that undergo an endogenous rupturing process. Available evidence indicates that autotomy is by far the commonest proximate cause of structural loss in echinoderms. Most echinoderm regeneration is therefore necessitated by autotomy and proceeds from the retained side of a fractured autotomy plane. Due to a lack of relevant research there is as yet little evidence for or against the presence of specific regeneration‐promoting adaptations at autotomy planes, although it is argued that an autotomy plane designed primarily to effect rapid detachment would by itself increase regenerative efficiency. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:369–396, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonuniform distribution of myosin light chains within the thick filaments of lobster slow muscle: Immunocytochemical study
Authors: Brown Lisa D. , Cantino Marie E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe in situ distribution of the alpha and beta myosin light chains was investigated at the subsarcomeric and subfilament levels in individual fibers of the superficial flexor muscle (SFM) of the lobster, Homarus americanus. Polyclonal antibodies were produced against the two classes of myosin light chains and used for subsequent immunolocalization on thin sections of sarcomeres and on isolated filaments from both the medial and lateral fiber bundles of the SFM. The beta myosin light chains were uniformly distributed within the crossbridge region of sarcomeres of both medial and lateral bundles. The alpha myosin light chains were uniformly distributed within the crossbridge region of sarcomeres from the medial bundle, but were nonuniformly distributed over the crossbridge region of lateral bundle sarcomeres. In the latter, the number of alpha myosin light chains was highest toward the center of the thick filaments, diminishing towards the ends. Similar distributions of alpha light chains were found in isolated myosin filaments. These data demonstrate that heterogeneity in protein composition extends to the level of the myosin filament and suggest that the myosin filament substructure in lobster may be different than that found in vertebrate skeletal muscle. J. Exp. Zool. 290:6–17, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic and postembryonic neurogenesis in the ventral nerve cord of the freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor
Authors: Sullivan Jeremy M. , Macmillan David L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies of neurogenic activity in the thoracic neuromeres of indirect developing crustaceans indicated that the temporal patterns of neurogenesis can be correlated with the appearance of the thoracic appendages during larval and metamorphic development. To test further the idea that the temporal patterns of neurogenesis in crustaceans are related to their life histories, we examined neurogenesis in the ventral nerve cord of a direct developing crustacean, the freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor, whose life history contains neither larval stages nor metamorphoses. Neurogenesis was examined using the in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA. During late embryonic development the thoracic neuromeres of the crayfish contain arrays of mitotically active neuroblasts similar to those previously described in the spider crab and lobster. The arrays in the crayfish abdomen are, however, greatly reduced compared with those of the thorax. On hatching, both the thoracic and abdominal appendages of C. destructor are capable of movement. The pleopods, however, do not beat rhythmically until the second postembryonic stage whereas the pereiopods are not used in coordinated walking movements until the third stage. An examination of the time course of neurogenesis in the ventral nerve cord revealed that neurogenic activity in each neuromere ceases during or before the moult to the developmental stage in which its segmental appendage is first used in coordinated movements. These findings indicate that the patterns of neurogenesis in crustaceans are indeed related to the maturation of the segmental appendages and, in particular, to the maturation of motor behaviours. J. Exp. Zool. 290:49–60, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the unique negatively charged polypeptide of crayfish yolk HDL a component of crustacean vitellin?
Authors: Abdu Uri , Yehezkel Galit , Weil Simy , Ziv Tamar , Sagi Amir 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe yolk protein of Cherax quadricarinatus contains six major high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) subunits with the approximate molecular masses of 177, 155, 106, 95, 86, and 75 kDa, of which only the 106‐kDa polypeptide is negatively charged. On the basis of their molecular weights, time of appearance and disappearance, their floating density and susceptibility to enzyme degradation (by a serine proteinase), these six HDL polypeptides were classified into two subgroups. One group comprises the higher‐molecular‐weight compounds above 106 kDa, and the other includes the lower‐molecular‐weight compounds up to 95 kDa. Other than being different from the lower‐molecular‐weight polypeptides, the negatively charged 106‐kDa polypeptide was significantly different from members of its higher‐molecular‐weight group belonging to a different, less abundant, yolk protein as shown by HPLC separation. Immunological studies and peptide mapping in which the 106‐kDa polypeptide did not show similarity to any of the other HDL components confirmed these differences. Moreover, the amino acid composition of the 106‐kDa polypeptide was different from that of known vitellin from other crustacean species. This unique negatively charged polypeptide presents an enigma as it is known to be a secondary vitellogenic‐related HDL polypeptide, immunolocalized in yolk globules; however, it is different to all the other HDL polypeptides, thus presenting the question whether it is indeed a component of “classical” crustacean vitellin. J. Exp. Zool. 290:218–226, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GTPase stimulation in shrimp Ras(Q61K) with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not mammalian GAP
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chun , Chuang Nin‐Nin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBALB/3T3 cells were transformed by transfection with DNA encoding the mutated ras(Q61K) from shrimp Penaeus japonicus (Huang et al., 2000). The GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) in the cytosol fraction was significantly expressed and degraded, compared to untransformed cells on the western blot. To understand this in more detail, the interaction of the bacterially expressed shrimp Ras (S‐Ras) with GAP was investigated using GAP purified from mouse brains. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the monomers of the purified GAP to have a relative mass of 65,000. Since the purified GAP was bound to the Ras conjugated affinity sepharose column with high affinity and its GTP hydolysis activity upon binding with tubulin was suppressed, the purified enzyme was concluded to be neurofibromin‐like. The purified GAP enhanced the intrinsic GTPase activity of the S‐Ras, to convert it into the inactive GDP‐bound form, in agreement with findings for GTP‐bound KB‐Ras in vitro. To compare the effects between isoprenoids and GAP on the GTP‐hydrolysis of Ras, we applied the GTP‐locked shrimp mutant S‐Ras(Q61K) and GTP‐locked rat mutant KB‐ras(Q61K). Radioassay studies showed that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate at μg level catalyzed the GTP hydrolysis of S‐Ras(Q61K) and KB‐ras(Q61K) competently, but not farnesyl pyrophosphate or the purified GAP. The present study provides the view that the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate at carboxyl terminal CAAX assists GTP hydrolysis to Ras proteins probably in a manner similar to the substrate assisted catalysis in GTPase mechanism. J. Exp. Zool. 290:642–651, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Economic liberalization and new product enterprises in the newly industrializing countries: an analysis of the Indian experience
Authors: Katrak Homi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper examines whether India's recent economic liberalization policies have led to a shift away from the relatively R&D intensive new product enterprises (NPEs) and towards old product enterprises (OPEs). The former type of enterprises had begun production under the earlier protectionist regime and there has been concern whether they will do well under the more competitive liberalized environment. Empirical tests, covering two 6‐year periods, 1985–90 and 1991–96, found only limited evidence that the growth in the number of the NPEs had been relatively lower in the post liberalisation period, compared to that of the OPEs. However the NPEs' contribution to the growth of industry output had not decreased in that period. Overall there has been no adverse effect on the NPEs. These results may well be showing that any unfavourable influence of trade liberalisation on the NPEs has been offset by the liberalisation of the imports of technology and also the de‐licensing policy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.