bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open or Hand‐assisted Adrenalectomy: Review of 261 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies from 1993 to 2003
Authors: Shen Wen T. , Kebebew Electron , Clark Orlo H. , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOver the past decade, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the operation of choice for resecting adrenal tumors. However, few reported data exist regarding the reasons for conversion from laparoscopic to open or hand‐assisted adrenalectomy. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 261 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed by one surgeon between 1993 and 2003. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy could not be completed in 8 of the 261 patients (3%); four of the operations were converted to hand‐assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy and four to open adrenalectomy. The reasons for the conversion were as follows: In three patients the tumor was too adherent to surrounding structures to be resected laparoscopically; in three patients the tumor was found to have malignant features during laparoscopy, and the operation was converted to achieve proper resection margins; in two patients the tumors were too large (15 and 16 cm, respectively) to be safely removed laparoscopically. The eight resected tumors included three pheochromocytomas, one myelolipoma, one angiomyolipoma, one solitary fibrous tumor, one liposarcoma, and one metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. There were no cases in which conversion was required emergently for bleeding or other intraoperative catastrophes. All eight of the tumors removed were at least 5 cm in size (range 5–16 cm). The mean length of hospitalization was 4.4 days (range 3–8 days).
Are There Significant Benefits of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Thyroidectomy?
Authors: Ikeda Yoshifumi , Takami Hiroshi , Sasaki Yuzo , Takayama Jun‐ichi , Kurihara Hideko 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery using endoscopic vision is widely employed for the treatment of thyroid diseases. We have performed endoscopic thyroidectomy by the axillary approach (axillary approach) and video‐assisted thyroidectomy via a 3 cm cervical incision (video‐assisted approach). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of these two procedures. Each procedure was performed in 20 consecutive consenting patients. The degree of invasiveness after surgery was compared using postoperative results. The amount of pain and satisfaction with surgery was evaluated by grade (1–5) using a patient questionnaire. All thyroidectomies were completed successfully. No recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies occurred. Operating time for the video‐assisted approach was significantly shorter than that for the axillary approach (p < 0.01). The amount of pain for the axillary approach on 1, 3, and 5 days after operation, respectively, was graded 3.2 ± 0.7, 2.1 ± 0.6, and 1.6 ± 0.7 compared to 2.7 ± 1.1, 1.7 ± 0.7, and 1.1 ± 0.2 for the video‐assisted approach. The postoperative course was significantly less painful in patients undergoing the video‐assisted approach on postoperative days 3 and 5 (p < 0.01). The degrees of satisfaction for the axillary approach and the video‐assisted procedure were 1.2 ± 0.4 and 2.4 ± 1.0, respectively (p < 0.01). The video‐assisted approach is less “invasive” than the axillary approach, but the axillary approach may be indicated for patients who are anxious about the visible cosmetic results.
Detection of Asymptomatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma by Neck Ultrasonographic Screening for Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Uchino Shinya , Noguchi Shiro , Yamashita Hiroyuki , Murakami Tsukasa , Watanabe Shin , Ogawa Takahiro , Tsuno Akiko , Shuto Shigeru 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMass screening for the purpose of detecting thyroid cancer at its earliest stage may not be recommended at the present time, but screening focused on certain risk groups is advocated. Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is a distinct clinical entity with a high incidence of multifocality and association with multiple benign nodules. FNMTC patients have shorter disease‐free survival than do sporadic disease patients because of frequent locoregional recurrence. Screening by neck ultrasonography was performed for symptom‐free family members of patients with FNMTC. A total of 149 subjects representing 53 FNMTC families were examined in this study. The average age of the patients was 41.0 ± 19.0 years (range 3–76 years) with a female/male ratio of 104:45. At least one thyroid nodule was found in 77 (51.7%) of the 149 patients. Surgery was performed in 18 patients, and thyroid cancer was discovered in 15 of them (10.1%; 14 women, 1 man; 32–61 years of age). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was found in 14 and follicular thyroid cancer combined with PTC in 1. The tumors averaged 9.1 ± 5.4 mm (3–21 mm) in greatest diameter. Intraglandular metastases were found in 7 (47%) of the 15 patients with thyroid cancer. Lymph node metastases were found in 6 (43%). Ultrasonographic screening for FNMTC family members may enable the discovery of asymptomatic thyroid cancer. Because of the high incidence of intraglandular and lymph node metastases, we recommend screening with ultrasonography for early detection in family members of patients with FNMTC.
Effect of elbow position on canine flexor digitorum profundus tendon tension
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuro , Amadio Peter C. , Zhao Chunfeng , Zobitz Mark E. , Kutsumi Keiji , An Kai‐Nan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTendon injury in the finger remains a clinical challenge to hand surgeons. A canine model is commonly used to study biological effects of tendon injuries and their treatment. There is an important anatomical difference between human and canine anatomy that may be overlooked, however, namely that most of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle in dogs takes its origin from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, whereas in humans this muscle arises purely from the forearm. Therefore, elbow position can affect the tension of this muscle in dogs, while having no effect in humans. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of elbow position on tendon tension in the canine digit in vitro.Elbow position had a significant effect on tendon tension. Digit motion with the elbow fully flexed resulted in significantly higher tendon tension compared to digit motion with the elbow flexed 90° or fully extended, regardless of digit or wrist position (p < 0.05). The tension with the elbow flexed 90° was also significantly higher than with the elbow fully extended (p < 0.05). The maximum tendon tension with the elbow fully flexed was more than eight times larger than that of the fully extended elbow (p < 0.05).We conclude that, in the canine model, elbow position is an important parameter that affects the passive tension applied to the flexor digitorum profundus, and, by implication, to any repair of that tendon. Dog flexor tendon rehabilitation protocols should therefore specify elbow position, in addition to wrist and digit position. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Molecular mechanism of nitric oxide‐induced osteoblast apoptosis
Authors: Chen Ruei‐Ming , Chen Ta‐Liang , Chiu Wen‐Ta , Chang Chia‐Chen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) can regulate osteoblast activities. Our previous study showed that NO induced osteoblast apoptosis [Chen RM, Liu HC, Lin YL, Jean WC, Chen JS, Wang JH. Nitric oxide induces osteoblast apoptosis through the de novo synthesis of Bax protein. J Orthop Res 2002;20:295–302]. This study was further aimed to evaluate the mechanism of NO‐induced osteoblast apoptosis from the viewpoints of mitochondrial functions, intracellular oxidative stress, and the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein using neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts as the experimental model. Exposure of osteoblasts to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, significantly increased amounts of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium, and decreased cell viability in concentration‐ and time‐dependent manners. Administration of SNP in osteoblasts time‐dependently led to DNA fragmentation. The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced following SNP administration. SNP decreased complex I NADH dehydrogenase activity in a time‐dependent manner. Levels of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were suppressed by SNP. In parallel with the mitochondrial dysfunction, SNP time‐dependently increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that SNP reduced Bcl‐2 protein levels. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN‐γ significant increased endogenous nitrite production. In parallel with the increase in endogenous NO, administration of LPS and IFN‐γ suppressed cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP synthesis. Results of this study show that NO released from SNP can induce osteoblast insults and apoptosis, and the mechanism may involve the modulation of mitochondrial functions, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and Bcl‐2 protein. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Onset, timing and risk for depression and anxiety in family caregivers to heart transplant recipients
Authors: DEW MARY AMANDA , MYASKOVSKY LARISSA , DIMARTINI ANDREA F. , SWITZER GALEN E. , SCHULBERG HERBERT C. , KORMOS ROBERT L. 
Published: October 2004

Background. Family members adopt key caregiving roles in the maintenance of transplant recipients' health. While the bulk of the caregiving literature suggests that rates of psychiatric disorder should be high in these caregivers, the potential benefits of transplantation may instead lead to less distress than in other caregiving situations. We examined prevalence and risk factors for depressive and anxiety-related disorders in caregivers throughout 3 years after their family member's heart transplant.Method. A total of 190 caregivers (97% of eligible respondents) were enrolled. They received psychiatric and psychosocial evaluations at 2, 7, 12 and 36 months post-transplant. Survival analysis determined cumulative rates of psychiatric disorders and the impact of potential risk factors.Results. Rates of depressive and anxiety-related disorders met or exceeded other caregiver populations' rates. By 3 years post-transplant, cumulative onset rates were: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 31·6%, Adjustment disorders, 35·4% (29·4% with anxious mood); Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder related to the transplant (PTSD-T), 22·5%, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 7·3%, and any assessed disorder, 56·3%. PTSD-T occurred primarily during the first year post-transplant. Other disorders' rates increased over the entire study period. Risk for disorder was elevated by positive lifetime history of psychiatric disorder, greater post-transplant caregiving responsibilities, and a poorer relationship with the patient. Risk for MDD was further increased by caregiver unemployment, and risk for anxiety disorders was further increased by younger age, low sense of personal mastery, and high use of avoidance coping strategies.Conclusions. Transplantation is associated with costs and benefits for not only patients but family caregivers. Caregivers' risk for psychiatric illness should be considered when developing interventions to promote families' long-term adjustment to the transplant process.
Validation of two survey diagnostic interviews among primary care attendees: a comparison of CIS-R and CIDI with SCAN ICD-10 diagnostic categories
Authors: JORDANOVA V. , WICKRAMESINGHE C. , GERADA C. , PRINCE M. 
Published: October 2004

Background. The most widely used survey measures in psychiatry, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS-R) have generated estimates of psychiatric morbidity that show considerable variation. Doubts have been raised regarding the validity of these structured lay interviewer assessments. There have been no direct comparisons of the performances of these instruments against a common, established criterion.Method. A total of 105 unselected primary care attendees were each interviewed with CIDI, CIS-R and SCAN in a single sitting with random order of administration. SCAN was administered by a SCAN trained psychiatrist, and CIDI and CIS-R by a public health doctor. Concordance was estimated for all ICD-10 neurotic disorders. We assessed the overall discriminability of the CIS-R morbidity scale using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results. The concordance for CIDI for ICD-10 diagnoses was moderate to excellent (kappa=0·58–0·97). Concordance for CIS-R ranged between poor and moderate (kappa=0·10–0·65). The area under the ROC curve for the CIS-R morbidity scale with respect to any ICD-10 disorder [0·87 (95% CI 0·79–0·95)] indicated good overall discriminability, but poor sensitivity (44%) and high specificity (97%) at the usual CIS-R cut-point of 11/12.Conclusion. Among primary care attendees the CIDI is a highly valid assessment of common mental disorders, and the CIS-R is moderately valid. Previous studies may have underestimated validity. Against the criteria of all ICD-10 diagnoses (including less severe depressive and anxiety disorders) a much lower CIS-R cut-point is required than that which is usually advocated.
Why is self-help neglected in the treatment of emotional disorders? A meta-analysis
Authors: DEN BOER P. C. A. M. , WIERSMA D. , VAN DEN BOSCH R. J. 
Published: October 2004

Background. Although the burden of emotional disorders is very high, mental health care is only available to a minority of patients. The literature suggests that self-help strategies, both bibliotherapy and self-help groups alike, are effective for various, less serious complaints but it is unclear whether available data support a role for self-help in treatment protocols for patients with clinically significant emotional disorders.Method. We searched the literature with a focus on ‘anxiety’ and/or ‘depressive disorder’. Standardized assessment of diagnosis or symptoms and randomized controlled trials were inclusion criteria for a meta-analysis.Results. The mean effect size of self-help (mainly bibliotherapy) v. control conditions is 0·84, and 0·76 for follow-up; the effect sizes of self-help v. treatment are −0·03 and −0·07 respectively. A longer treatment period is more effective.Conclusions. Bibliotherapy for clinically significant emotional disorders is more effective than waiting list or no treatment conditions. The dearth of studies on self-help groups for emotional disorders does not permit an evidence-based conclusion concerning the effects of self-help groups. No difference was found between bibliotherapy and psychiatric treatment of relatively short duration.
The risk factors for depression in first myocardial infarction patients
Authors: DICKENS C. M. , PERCIVAL C. , McGOWAN L. , DOUGLAS J. , TOMENSON B. , COTTER L. , HEAGERTY A. , CREED F. H. 
Published: October 2004

Background. Depression affects outcome following myocardial infarction but the risk factors for such depression have been little studied. This study considered whether the causes of depression occurring before and after myocardial infarction were similar to those of depression in the general population.Method. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital following their first myocardial infarction were interviewed with the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to detect psychiatric disorders and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule to assess recent stress. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at entry to the study and 1 year later and the risk factors associated with a high score at both times were assessed.Results. Of 314 (88% of eligible) patients who were recruited, 199 (63%) were male and 63 (20%) had depressive disorders. Logistic regression identified the following as independently associated with depressive disorder that had been present for at least 1 month before the myocardial infarction: younger age, female sex, past psychiatric history, social isolation, having marked non-health difficulties and lack of a close confidant. At follow-up 269/298 (90%) responded; of 189 participants not depressed at first assessment, 39 (21%) became depressed by the 1 year follow-up. Logistic regression identified frequent angina as the only significant predictor of raised HADS scores at 12 months.Conclusions. Depression developing during the year following myocardial infarction does not have the same risk factors as that which precedes myocardial infarction. Further clarification of the mechanisms linking depression to poor outcome may require separation consideration of pre- and post-myocardial infarction depression, and its risk factors.
Recent Michael Finnissy
Authors: Stadlen Shoël 
Published: October 2004

MICHAEL FINNISSY: ‘Lost Lands’. Dilok; Delal; Kulamen Dilan; Moon's gain' down; Runnin' wild; Keroiylu; Lost Lands. Topologies: Christopher Redgate (ob), Julian Warburton (perc), Philip Gibbon (bsn), Guy Cowley (E-flat cl), Andrew McNeil (soprano sax), Darragh Morgan (vln), Ian Pace (piano). Metier MSVCD92050.FINNISSY: ‘Etched Bright with Sunlight’. Snowdrift; O, schöner Mai; Free Setting; Verdi Transcription No.10; Stanley Stokes, East Street 1836; Wenn wir in höchsten Nöthen sind; Alkan-Paganini; Etched Bright with Sunlight. Nicolas Hodges (pno). Metronome MET CD 1058.
Mimicry in coral reef fishes: ecological and behavioural responses of a mimic to its model
Authors: Eagle Janelle V. , Jones Geoffrey P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMimicry is a widely documented phenomenon in coral reef fishes, but the underlying relationships between mimics and models are poorly understood. Juveniles of the surgeonfish Acanthurus pyroferus mimic the coloration of different pygmy angelfish Centropyge spp. at different locations throughout the geographic range of the surgeonfish, while adopting a common species‐specific coloration as adults. This study examines the ecological and behavioural relationships between A pyroferus and one of its models, Centropyge vroliki, in Papua New Guinea. Surgeonfish underwent a transition from the juvenile (mimetic) coloration to the adult (non‐mimetic) coloration when they reached the maximum size of the angelfish. As typical of mimic–model relationships, mimic surgeonfish were always less abundant than their model. Spatial variation in the abundance of mimics was correlated with models, while the abundance of adults was not. We show that juvenile surgeonfish gain a foraging advantage by mimicking the angelfish. Mimic surgeonfish were always found within 1–2 m of a similar‐sized individual of C. vroliki with which they spent c. 10% of their time in close association. When in association with angelfish, juvenile surgeonfish exhibited an increase of c. 10% in the amount of time spent feeding compared to when they were alone. This foraging benefit seems to be explained by reduced aggression by the territorial damselfish Plectroglyphidon lacrymatus, which dominates the reef crest habitat. While adult A. pyroferus and all other surgeonfish were aggressively displaced from damselfish territories, mimic surgeonfish and their models were attacked less frequently and were not always displaced. Stomach contents analysis showed that the diet of C. vroliki differed substantially from P. lacrymatus, while that of A. pyroferus was more similar to the damselfish. We hypothesize that mimics deceive damselfish as to their diet in order to gain access to food supplies in defended areas.
Variation in harem size of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.): the effects of adult sex ratio and age‐structure
Authors: Bonenfant Christophe , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Klein François , Maillard Daniel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe relationships among harem size, adult sex ratio (proportion of males > 5 years in the adult population, i.e. males > 5 years plus females > 2 years) and male age‐structure of red deer Cervus elaphus were investigated in La Petite Pierre National Reserve (PPNR) in France. We tested whether: (1) increasing adult sex ratio leads to a decrease in harem size along with an increase in the number of harems within a given rut period; (2) whether participation of sub‐adult males in mating activities increases with decreasing adult sex ratio, and as the proportion of adult males decreases. Harem size did not vary over the mating period, suggesting a high turnover of harem‐holders leading to an increase in the costs of mating for males. Harem size averaged 1.43 ± 0.91 and was lower than harem sizes typically reported for red deer (e.g. > 2.5 in Scotland and Norway). In support of the first prediction, a decrease in harem size and an increase in the total number of harems seen with an increasing sex ratio was observed (harem size = 2.08 – 1.26 [±0.43] ± (sex ratio); r2= 0.25, F1,18= 6.19, P= 0.02). Both the uniform distribution of females among harem stags and the small harem sizes observed in PPNR might concur to a smaller variance in male reproductive success than previously reported in red deer. Lastly, in partial support of the second prediction, the proportion of sub‐adult males observed during the mating season decreased with increasing adult sex ratio and with increasing proportions of adult males. Whether or not the lower proportion of sub‐adults seen when competition among mature males increases means that fewer young males mate cannot be assessed from our study.
Sperm competition affects the structure of the mammalian vas deferens
Authors: Anderson Matthew J. , Nyholt Jenna , Dixson Alan F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSperm competition is widespread, resulting in sexual selection when the gametes of two or more males compete for access to a given set of ova. This study shows, for the first time, that sexual selection has influenced the evolution of the mammalian vas deferens – that is, the muscular duct which rapidly transports spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis to the ampulla during sexual activity. Morphometric studies of 103 species, representing 70 genera of mammals, show that the vas deferens is on average 33% shorter and its muscular walls are 45% thicker, in those forms where sperm competition pressures are greatest. The outer and inner longitudinal muscle layers of the vas are thickened under these conditions, whereas the central, circular muscle layer is significantly reduced. Thus, mammals that have multiple partner mating systems, and large testes in relation to body weight, have shorter and more muscular vasa deferentia than mammals where single partner mating systems, and smaller relative testes sizes, are the norm. These differences are statistically significant after application of procedures to correct for possible phylogenetic biases in the data set. Sperm competition has played an important role in the evolution of the mammalian vasa deferentia, favouring muscular specializations that enhance sperm transport.
GenomeMixer: a complex genetic cross simulator
Authors: Williams Alexander G. , Williams Robert W. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Summary: GenomeMixer is a cross-platform application that simulates meiotic recombination events for large and complex multigenerational genetic crosses among sexually reproducing diploid species and outputs simulated progeny to several standard mapping programs.
Availability: Documentation, C++ source, and binaries for Mac OS X and x86 Linux are freely available at http://www.nervenet.org/genome_mixer/. GenomeMixer can be compiled on any system with support for the Trolltech Qt toolkit, including Windows.