bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of different entomopathogenic nematode isolates, against the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saund.) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Sallam Radwa F. , Shalaby Fawzy F. , Hafez Adel A. , Abdel-Hameid Naglaa F. , Shairra Souad A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The invasive peach fruit fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a native of Southeast Asia. Entomopathogens like nematodes, bacteria, viruses and fungi have been shown to be effective as a biological control agent against B. zonata. Evaluation the efficacy of different entomopathogenic nematode isolates (EPNs) belonged to the two families (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae); (Steinernema carpocapsae (AII), S. carpocapsae (EGAZ10), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88) and H. indica (EGAZ2) was carried out against the full-grown larvae of B. zonata under laboratory, semi-field and field conditions.

Results
Data revealed that in all the tested nematode isolates succeeded to reduce the emerging of the PFF, B. zonata compared to controls with significant differences. The LC50 values were 794.3, 1063.2, 1249.8 and 1446.8 IJs/ml, for S. carpocapsae (AII), S. carpocapsae (EGAZ10), H. bacteriophora (HP88) and H. indica (EGAZ2), respectively, at 3 days post treatments. The strain, S. carpocapsae (AII) was effective than S. carpocapsae (EGAZ10). Also, the strain H. bacteriophora (HP88) was more effective than H. indica (EGAZ2). Therefore, the combination between the effective two steinernematid strains (S. carpocapsae (AII) & S. carpocapsae (EGAZ10)) and the two heterorhabditis strains (H. bacteriophora (HP88) & H. indica (EGAZ2)) was efficient in the semi-field experiment. In field condition, the combination of the two efficient strains S. carpocapsae (AII) and H. bacteriophora (HP88) at the concentration of 3000 IJs/ml was more effective in controlling B. zonata causing mortality 97.5%. The Co-Toxicity factor values were − 67.6 for the combination of S. carpocapsae (AII) with S. carpocapsae (EGAZ10) which recorded an antagonistic effect. Also, antagonistic effects were observed for the combined application of H. bacteriophora (HP88) with H. indica (EGAZ2) (− 66.6) in semi-field application; and the same effect was recorded for the combination of S. carpocapsae (AII) with H. bacteriophora (HP88) (− 42.6) in field application.

Conclusion
All EPNs’ experiments showed that the efficacy of foreign nematodes than the local ones. So, combination of the two highly effective imported strains gave satisfied results, especially in the field experiment.
Primary and secondary postpartum haemorrhage: a review for a rationale endovascular approach
Authors: Alonso-Burgos Alberto , Díaz-Lorenzo Ignacio , Muñoz-Saá Laura , Gallardo Guillermo , Castellanos Teresa , Cardenas Regina , Chiva de Agustín Luis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal mortality globally, necessitating prompt and efficient management. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of endovascular treatment dimensions for both primary and secondary PPH, with a focus on uterine atony, trauma, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and retained products of conception (RPOC). Primary PPH, occurring within 24 h, often results from uterine atony in 70% of causes, but also from trauma, or PAS. Uterine atony involves inadequate myometrial contraction, addressed through uterine massage, oxytocin, and, if needed, mechanical modalities like balloon tamponade. Trauma-related PPH may stem from perineal injuries or pseudoaneurysm rupture, while PAS involves abnormal placental adherence. PAS demands early detection due to associated life-threatening bleeding during delivery. Secondary PPH, occurring within 24 h to 6 weeks postpartum, frequently arises from RPOC. Medical management may include uterine contraction drugs and hemostatic agents, but invasive procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C) or hysteroscopic resection may be required.Imaging assessments, particularly through ultrasound (US), play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), except for uterine atony, where imaging techniques prove to be of limited utility in its management. Computed tomography play an important role in evaluation of trauma related PPH cases and MRI is essential in diagnosing and treatment planning of PAS and RPOC.Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has become a standard intervention for refractory PPH, offering a rapid, effective, and safe alternative to surgery with a success rate exceeding 85% (Rand T. et al. CVIR Endovasc 3:1-12, 2020). The technical approach involves non-selective uterine artery embolization with resorbable gelatine sponge (GS) in semi-liquid or torpedo presentation as the most extended embolic or calibrated microspheres. Selective embolization is warranted in cases with identifiable bleeding points or RPOC with AVM-like angiographic patterns and liquid embolics could be a good option in this scenario. UAE in PAS requires a tailored approach, considering the degree of placental invasion. A thorough understanding of female pelvis vascular anatomy and collateral pathways is essential for accurate and safe UAE.In conclusion, integrating interventional radiology techniques into clinical guidelines for primary and secondary PPH management and co-working during labour is crucial.
Graphical Abstract
Fatal form of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developed post pneumonia in a solid organ transplant recipient
Authors: Hussain Hussain , Fadel Aya , Casmartino Ekaterina , Sullivan John , Fernandes Amanda , Garcia Samantha , Garcia Efrain 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complex phenomenon commonly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, rarely, IRIS can develop with other diseases outside of HIV. We are discussing a rare presentation of IRIS following a pseudomonal infection.

Case presentation
We present a 79-year-old Hispanic male who completed a course of cefepime for Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital-acquired pneumonia. The patient had a 21-year history of solid organ transplant and immunosuppressive therapy, and he developed a fatal form of IRIS post-Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusions
IRIS may occur in any immunocompromised patient who develops an insidious onset of unexplained clinical and serological deterioration.
Teaching, assessment and best practice in undergraduate psychiatry education in the UK: cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Hewson Thomas , Mahalingappa Sridevi Sira , Fallon James , Hyland Declan , Abraham Seri , Sidwell Alexa , Dave Subodh 
Published: February 2024

Aims and methodWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to examine how undergraduate psychiatry is taught and assessed across medical schools in the UK that have at least one cohort of graduated students.ResultsIn total, 27 medical schools completed the survey. Curriculum coverage of common mental disorders, assessment skills and mental health law was broadly consistent, although exposure to psychiatric subspecialties varied. Significant variation existed regarding the duration of psychiatry placements and availability of enrichment activities. Small-group teaching, lectures and e-learning were the most frequent teaching modalities and various professionals and lived experience educators (patient and/or carers) contributed to teaching. Objective structured clinical examinations and multiple-choice questions dominated assessments.Clinical implicationsMedical schools should consider increasing students’ exposure to different psychiatric subspecialties and integrating physical and mental health training to address comorbidity and promote holistic care. Future research should explore whether specific undergraduate experiences promote greater career interest and skills in psychiatry.
A Dedicated Pricing Algorithm to Solve a Large Family of Nurse Scheduling Problems with Branch-and-Price
Authors: Legrain Antoine , Omer Jérémy 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we describe a branch-and-price algorithm for the personalized nurse scheduling problem. The variants that appear in the literature involve a large number of constraints that can be hard or soft, meaning that they can be violated at the price of a penalty. We capture the diversity of the constraints on individual schedules by seven generic constraints characterized by lower and upper bounds on a given quantity. The core of the column generation procedure is in the identification of individual schedules with minimum reduced cost. For this, we solve a shortest path problem with resource constraints (SPPRC) where several generic constraints are modeled as resource constraints. We then describe dominance rules adapted to the presence of both upper and lower bounds on the resources and leverage soft constraints to improve the dominance. We also describe several acceleration techniques for the solution of the SPPRC, and branching rules that fit the specificities of the problem. Our numerical experiments are based on the instances of three benchmarks of the literature including those of the two international nurse rostering competitions (INRC-I and INRC-II). Their objective is threefold: assess the dominance rules and the acceleration techniques, investigate the capacity of the algorithm to find provable optimal solutions of instances that are still open, and conduct a comparison with best published results. The most noticeable conclusion is that the improved solution of the SPPRC allows to solve optimally all the INRC-II instances where a four-week planning horizon is considered and 40% of the eight-week instances. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0019 .
Characterization of an uncooled mid-infrared Schottky photodetector based on a 2D Au/PtSi/p-Si nanohole array at a higher light modulation frequency
Authors: Abadi Ashenafi , Abubakr Eslam , Oshita Masaaki , Noda Daiji , Ohta Ryo , Kan Tetsuo 
Published: February 2024

In this study, an uncooled 2D nanohole array PtSi/p-Si Schottky mid-infrared (MIR) photodetector, which is essential for on-chip Si-based low-barrier MIR detectors, is presented. Room temperature operation introduces susceptibility to thermal noise and can impact stability. Through modulation frequency and reverse bias optimization, the stability improved by 7 times at 170 Hz and −3.5V, respectively. The effective light detection and stability were confirmed through ON/OFF response measurements over a longer time. The wavelength-dependent responsivity, measured with a tunable MIR laser, confirmed the responsiveness of the device in the MIR region of 2.5 µm to 4.0 µm, with a maximum specific detectivity (D*) of 2.0×103cmHz1/2W−1 at 3.0 µm; this result shows its potential applicability for noninvasive human lipid monitoring. Overall, this study focuses on the crucial role of signal analysis optimization in enhancing the performance of MIR photodetectors at room temperature.
Ultra-intense femtosecond laser interactions with aligned nanostructures
Authors: Rocca Jorge J. , Capeluto Maria G. , Hollinger Reed C. , Wang Shoujun , Wang Yong , Kumar G. Ravindra , Lad Amit D. , Pukhov Alexander , Shlyaptsev Vyacheslav N. 
Published: February 2024

The interaction of ultrafast laser pulses of relativistic intensity with high aspect ratio nanostructures can efficiently and volumetrically heat matter to an ultra-high-energy-density regime encountered in the center of stars and within the core of fusion capsules compressed by the world’s largest lasers. It also generates gigantic quasi-static electromagnetic fields that accelerate particles to very high energy. Here, we present an overview of the physics and applications of these dense relativistic plasmas that can be created with pulses of relatively modest energy from lasers that can operate at a high repetition rate. Recent nanowire array experiments produced near-solid density plasmas with an extreme degree of ionization (e.g., Au+72), converted ultrafast pulses of laser light into intense x-ray flashes with record efficiency, and accelerated ions to MeV energies, efficiently driving micro-scale fusion reactions that generate flashes of quasi-monoenergetic neutrons. These plasmas also serve as a platform for advancing the understanding of atomic processes in extreme environments and open a new pathway to laser-driven fusion energy. The irradiation of nanostructures at intensities of >1×1022Wcm−2 is predicted to lead to an extreme ultra-high energy density plasma regime characterized by terabar pressures that is virtually unexplored.
Effect of distributing locally produced cloth facemasks on COVID-19-like illness and all-cause mortality–a cluster-randomised controlled trial in urban Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Nanque Line M. , Jensen Andreas M. , Diness Arthur , Nielsen Sebastian , Cabral Carlos , Cawthorne Dylan , Martins Justiniano S. D. , Ca Elsi J. C. , Jensen Kjeld , Martins Cesario L. , Rodrigues Amabelia , Fisker Ane B. 
Published: February 2024

Facemasks have been employed to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The community effect of providing cloth facemasks on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality is unknown. In a cluster randomised trial in urban Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, clusters (geographical areas with an average of 19 houses), were randomised to an intervention or control arm using computer-generated random numbers. Between 20 July 2020 and 22 January 2021, trial participants (aged 10+ years) living in intervention clusters (n = 90) received two 2-layer cloth facemasks, while facemasks were only distributed later in control clusters (n = 91). All participants received information on COVID-19 prevention. Trial participants were followed through a telephone interview for COVID-19-like illness (3+ symptoms), care seeking, and mortality for 4 months. End-of-study home visits ensured full mortality information and distribution of facemasks to the control group. Individual level information on outcomes by trial arm was compared in logistic regression models with generalised estimating equation-based correction for cluster. Facemasks use was mandated. Facemask use in public areas was assessed by direct observation. We enrolled 39,574 trial participants among whom 95% reported exposure to groups of >20 persons and 99% reported facemasks use, with no difference between trial arms. Observed use was substantially lower (~40%) with a 3%, 95%CI: 0–6% absolute difference between control and intervention clusters. Half of those wearing a facemask wore it correctly. Few participants (532, 1.6%) reported COVID-19-like illness; proportions did not differ by trial arm: Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.57–1.15. 177 (0.6%) participants reported consultations and COVID-19-like illness (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.56–1.24); 89 participants (0.2%) died (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 0.89–2.02). Hence, though trial participants were exposed to many people, facemasks were mostly not worn or not worn correctly. Providing facemasks and messages about correct use did not substantially increase their use and had limited impact on morbidity and mortality.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04471766.
Food additive emulsifiers and cancer risk: Results from the French prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Sellem Laury , Srour Bernard , Javaux Guillaume , Chazelas Eloi , Chassaing Benoit , Viennois Emilie , Debras Charlotte , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Esseddik Younes , Szabo de Edelenyi Fabien , Arnault Nathalie , Agaësse Cédric , De Sa Alexandre , Lutchia Rebecca , Huybrechts Inge , Scalbert Augustin , Pierre Fabrice , Coumoul Xavier , Julia Chantal , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Allès Benjamin , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Deschasaux-Tanguy Mélanie , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: February 2024

Background
Emulsifiers are widely used food additives in industrially processed foods to improve texture and enhance shelf-life. Experimental research suggests deleterious effects of emulsifiers on the intestinal microbiota and the metabolome, leading to chronic inflammation and increasing susceptibility to carcinogenesis. However, human epidemiological evidence investigating their association with cancer is nonexistent. This study aimed to assess associations between food additive emulsifiers and cancer risk in a large population-based prospective cohort.

Methods and findings
This study included 92,000 adults of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort without prevalent cancer at enrolment (44.5 y [SD: 14.5], 78.8% female, 2009 to 2021). They were followed for an average of 6.7 years [SD: 2.2]. Food additive emulsifier intakes were estimated for participants who provided at least 3 repeated 24-h dietary records linked to comprehensive, brand-specific food composition databases on food additives. Multivariable Cox regressions were conducted to estimate associations between emulsifiers and cancer incidence. Overall, 2,604 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during follow-up (including 750 breast, 322 prostate, and 207 colorectal cancers). Higher intakes of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (FAs) (E471) were associated with higher risks of overall cancer (HR high vs. low category = 1.15; 95% CI [1.04, 1.27], p-trend = 0.01), breast cancer (HR = 1.24; 95% CI [1.03, 1.51], p-trend = 0.04), and prostate cancer (HR = 1.46; 95% CI [1.09, 1.97], p-trend = 0.02). In addition, associations with breast cancer risk were observed for higher intakes of total carrageenans (E407 and E407a) (HR = 1.32; 95% CI [1.09, 1.60], p-trend = 0.009) and carrageenan (E407) (HR = 1.28; 95% CI [1.06, 1.56], p-trend = 0.01). No association was detected between any of the emulsifiers and colorectal cancer risk. Several associations with other emulsifiers were observed but were not robust throughout sensitivity analyses. Main limitations include possible exposure measurement errors in emulsifiers intake and potential residual confounding linked to the observational design.

Conclusions
In this large prospective cohort, we observed associations between higher intakes of carrageenans and mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids with overall, breast and prostate cancer risk. These results need replication in other populations. They provide new epidemiological evidence on the role of emulsifiers in cancer risk.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03335644.
Physicians’ attitudes towards secondary use of clinical data for biomedical research purposes in Germany. Results of a quantitative survey
Authors: Köngeter Anja , Schickhardt Christoph , Jungkunz Martin , Mehlis Katja , Winkler Eva C. 
Published: February 2024

Background
For biomedical data-driven research purposes, secondary use of clinical data carries great but largely untapped potential. Physicians’ attitudes and their needs towards secondary data use are essential to inform its practical and ethically sound implementation but are currently understudied.

Objective
Therefore, the objectives of the study are to assess physicians’ (i) general attitudes and concerns, (ii) willingness to adapt workflows and to make data available for secondary use, (iii) group-specific conditions toward implementation of secondary use and associated concerns of physician-scientists and purely clinical physicians.

Methods
We developed an online survey based on a literature review and an expert interview study. Physicians in private practice and at two large German university hospitals were surveyed from May 2021 until January 2022.

Results
In total, 446 physicians participated in the survey. 96% [380/397] of all physicians reported a positive attitude towards secondary use; 87% [31/397] are in-principle willing to support secondary use of clinical data along with a small proportion of physicians with fundamental reservations. Secondly, the most important conditions for adapting workflows were funding of additional time and effort for research-adequate documentation (71% [286/390]) and the most important condition for providing patients’ clinical data was reliable protection of patients’ privacy (67% [254/382]). Thirdly, physician-scientists were more likely than purely clinical physicians to request additional funding for research-adequate documentation as a precondition for support (83% vs 69%, P = .002) and the privilege to conduct research with their own patients’ clinical data before other researchers are allowed to (43% vs 11%, P < .001); while purely clinical physicians more frequently require reliable protection of patient privacy (76% vs 62%, P = .007) and monetary compensation (45% vs 25%, P < .001).

Conclusion
Since this study presents high in-principle willingness of physicians to support secondary use along with little general concerns, it seems essential to address physicians’ group-specific conditions toward secondary use in order to gain their support.
Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of novel glycoconjugates as potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial agents
Authors: Khan Sher Wali , Nayab Saira , Umar Muhammad Naveed , Khan Momin , Iqbal Anila , Ahmad Nasir , Rashid Haroon ur , Shah Muhammad Ishaq Ali , Gulfam Naila , Zahoor Muhammad , Ullah Riaz , Ali Essam A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the present work, several new glycoconjugates (8a–e) were generated from glycopyranosyl-α-trichloroacetimidates (sugar-OTCA) as glycosyl donors and dimethyl-l-tartrate as an aglycone acceptor in good to excellent yields. In the synthetic protocol, various monosaccharides were transformed into pentaacetylated derivatives and then into glycopyranosyl-α-trichloroacetimidates. Afterward, the sugar-OTCA was reacted with dimethyl-l-tartrate using Schmidt’s trichloroacetimidate protocol to give the desired products. The newly synthesized glycoconjugates were characterized by FT-IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analytical methods. All the target compounds (8a–e) were tested in vitro against various strains of bacteria and fungi at different concentrations. The results revealed that the target compounds had encouraging antibacterial and antifungal potential. The antileishmanial activity of the target compounds against Leishmania tropica promastigotes was also investigated. The in vitro results were further supported by the in silico docking study that indicated minimum values of the docking scores and binding energies for the resulting complexes obtained by the favorable interactions between the target compounds (8a–e) and the selected strains of bacteria and fungi. The docking results proposed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities of the target compounds (8a–e) against the selected bacterial and fungal species.
Miles apart but close at heart?
Authors: Schuster Klara , Krupp Angelina , Diefenbach Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With more people living physically separated from beloved ones, technologies which support relatedness over distance can play an important role for wellbeing. For this purpose, these so-called relatedness technologies use different strategies such as awareness of the other’s activities, simulating physical proximity, or joint action. It appears that only few research concepts turn into commercial concepts or are actually adopted in everyday life. Also, published concepts often show a lack of theoretical foundations and systematic exploration of relevant factors for acceptance and user experience. The present research aims to provide a better theoretical basis for the research and development of relatedness technologies by combining theory from psychology and HCI with empirical insights from four focus groups (n = 21). As a result, we present a UX factors-checklist consisting of motivators, hygiene factors, and meta topics that can be used when designing and evaluating relatedness technologies in order to ensure actual use and a positive user experience and highlight next research steps.