bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW STRANGE ATTRACTOR IN THREE DIMENSIONS
Authors: BEDDING STEPHEN 
Published: November 2004

We investigate a set of three simple difference equations in three variables with one free parameter. As the parameter increases from zero, iteration of the equations results in a bifurcation pathway leading to chaos and a strange attractor. The attractor is of the twisted band variety, reminiscent of that of Rössler, though it differs from the latter by the fact that it arises from iteration of a set of pure difference equations, as opposed to a numerical algorithm applied to differential equations.
CONTROLLING CHAOS IN CHUA’S CIRCUIT VIA SAMPLED INPUTS
Authors: DEDIEU HERVÉ , OGORZAŁEK MACIEJ 
Published: November 2004

We consider a class of autonomous, continuous time, chaotic dynamical systems the state equations of which can be represented in so-called Lur’e form. In particular we consider Chua’s circuit which is a paradigmatic chaotic system belonging to this class. It is shown that the dynamic behavior of such a system can be influenced in such a way as to obtain out of chaotic behavior a desired periodic orbit corresponding to an unstable periodic trajectory which exists in the system. This kind of control can be achieved via injection of a single continuous time signal representing the output of the system associated with an unstable periodic orbit embedded in the chaotic attractor. Further, we investigate the case when this signal is sampled, i.e. we supply to the system the control signal at discrete time moments only. We show via extensive numerical simulations that effective control can be achieved with a low number of samples only. Control proves to be very robust. Despite the presence of scaling of system variables and noise of a significant level introduced by signal quantization and offset, we were still able to control the chosen orbit (although with growing noise level the orbit becomes more and more distorted but maintains the same periodicity). We present a variety of simulation results to support this claim. First laboratory confirmations are also included. We claim that this method, proved to be functional for controlling chaos in Chua’s circuit, is also applicable to any chaotic system of the Lur’e type with a single nonlinearity.
SYNERGETICS: FROM PATTERN FORMATION TO PATTERN ANALYSIS AND PATTERN RECOGNITION
Authors: HAKEN HERMANN 
Published: November 2004

It is by now well known that numerous open systems in physics (fluids, plasmas, lasers, nonlinear optical devices, semiconductors), chemistry and biology (morphogenesis) may spontaneously develop spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal structures by self-organization. Quite often, striking analogies between the corresponding patterns can be observed in spite of the fact that the underlying systems are of quite a different nature. In this paper I shall first give an outline of general concepts that allow us to deal with the spontaneous formation of structures from a unifying point of view that is based on concepts of instability, order parameters and enslavement. We shall discuss a number of generalized Ginzburg-Landau equations. In most cases treated so far, theory started from microscopic or mesoscopic equations of motion from which the evolving structures were derived. In my paper I shall address two further problems that are in a way the reverse, namely (1) Can we derive order parameters and the basic modes from observed experimental data? (2) Can we construct systems by means of an underlying dynamics that are capable of producing patterns or structures that we prescribe? In order to address (1), a new variational principle that may be derived from path intergrals is introduced and illustrated by examples. An approach to the problem (2) is illustrated by the device of a computer that recognizes patterns and that may be realized by various kinds of spontaneous pattern formations in semiconductors and lasers.
Comparing Ordinary Craft Production: Textile and Pottery Production in Roman Asia Minor
Authors: Poblome Jeroen 
Published: November 2004

AbstractI present in this paper a framework of description for pottery and textile manufacturing in Roman Asia Minor. The research forms part of a wider debate on the speci fic, but generally underestimated contribution of the production of artisans to the ancient economy. The regulatory factors and production organisation of both crafts are remarkably similar and are placed against the agricultural background of a pre-industrial society.
The bag or the spindle: the cell factory at the time of systems' biology
Authors: Danchin Antoine 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGenome programs changed our view of bacteria as cell factories, by making them amenable to systematic rational improvement. As a first step, isolated genes (including those of the metagenome), or small gene clusters are improved and expressed in a variety of hosts. New techniques derived from functional genomics (transcriptome, proteome and metabolome studies) now allow users to shift from this single-gene approach to a more integrated view of the cell, where it is more and more considered as a factory. One can expect in the near future that bacteria will be entirely reprogrammed, and perhaps even created de novo from bits and pieces, to constitute man-made cell factories. This will require exploration of the landscape made of neighbourhoods of all the genes in the cell. Present work is already paving the way for that futuristic view of bacteria in industry.
Sequencing of Tamoxifen and Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Pierce Lori J. , Hutchins Laura F. , Green Stephanie R. , Lew Danika L. , Gralow Julie R. , Livingston Robert B. , Osborne C. Kent , Albain Kathy S. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose Tamoxifen (TAM) is thought to exert a cytostatic effect on hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells. Some preclinical studies show reduced radiosensitivity in irradiated malignant mammary epithelial cells when pretreated with TAM; other studies refute these results. Recent randomized clinical trials suggest an antagonistic effect of TAM on cytotoxic therapy, with improved disease-free survival (DFS) with sequential versus concurrent TAM. An exploratory analysis was undertaken to evaluate the optimal sequencing of TAM and radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery. Patients and Methods Southwest Oncology Group trial 8897 (Intergroup 0102) randomly assigned node-negative women with T1-3 breast cancers to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, fluorouracil (CAF); CAF → TAM; cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil (CMF); and CMF → TAM. For this analysis, data are reported only in the TAM groups. RT was allowed either before adjuvant therapy (sequential [SEQ] RT; 107 patients) or after chemotherapy but concurrent with TAM (concurrent [CONC] RT; 202 patients). Survival data were adjusted for receptor status, age, and tumor size. Results With a median follow-up of 10.3 years, 10-year DFS values were 83% and 83% for CONC versus SEQ RT groups (log-rank P = .73; P = .76 adjusted for patient characteristics), and 10-year overall survivals were 88% and 90%, respectively (log-rank P = .59; adjusted P = .65). Patterns of failure showed no increase in in-breast recurrence rates between CONC RT and SEQ RT groups, with 10-year local recurrence rates of 7% for CONC RT and 5% for SEQ RT (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.26 to 2.04; P = .54). Conclusion The current analysis does not suggest an adverse effect on local or systemic control with CONC versus SEQ TAM and RT in node-negative breast cancer. A randomized trial is encouraged to validate these results.
Sequence of Radiotherapy With Tamoxifen in Conservatively Managed Breast Cancer Does Not Affect Local Relapse Rates
Authors: Ahn Peter H. , Vu Ha Thanh , Lannin Donald , Obedian Edward , DiGiovanna Michael P. , Burtness Barbara , Haffty Bruce G. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose To evaluate whether the sequencing of tamoxifen (TAM) relative to radiation (RT) affects outcome in breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery (CS) plus RT (lumpectomy with RT). Methods Between 1976 and 1999, 1,649 patients with stage I or II breast cancer were treated with CS plus RT at Yale-New Haven Hospital (New Haven, CT). TAM was administered to 500 patients. The timing of TAM relative to RT was documented for each patient. Of the 500 patients, the timing of TAM was unclear in five patients, was administered concurrently with RT in 254 patients (CON-TAM), and was administered sequentially after completion of RT in 241 patients (SEQ-TAM). Results There were no differences between the CON-TAM and SEQ-TAM group in T stage, estrogen and progesterone status, nodal status, histology, or margin status. The CON-TAM group was slightly older than the SEQ-TAM group (62 v 58 years) and received chemotherapy in addition to TAM less frequently (14% v 38%). As of September 2002, with a median follow-up of 10.0 years, there were no significant differences between the CON-TAM and SEQ-TAM groups in overall survival (84% v 82%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.234; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.05; P = .45), distant–metastasis-free rate (82% v 78%; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.89 to 2.68; P = .12), ipsilateral breast-relapse–free rate (90% v 86%; HR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.05; P = .86), or contralateral breast-relapse–free rate (95% v 93%; HR, 0.892; 95% CI, 0.53 to 1.48; P = .66). Conclusion Although the concurrent use of TAM with RT may theoretically render cancer cells less responsive to RT, this retrospective study suggests that in practical application, concurrent administration of TAM with RT does not compromise local control.
Barrierefreies Web – eine Frage der Einstellung (Accessibility of Web-Content – A Question of Attitude)
Authors: Heidenreich Susanne 
Published: November 2004

Zusammenfassung
Der technische Fortschritt im Bereich Multimedia eröffnet uns fraglos neue Perspektiven für die Vermittlung und Darstellung von Informationen. Aber er birgt auch neue Schranken! Für welche Nutzer welche Probleme zum unüberwindbaren Hindernis werden können, wird im Folgenden kurz vorgestellt. Die zentrale Frage ist: Nutzen wir die Chance, alle Menschen an der Informationsgesellschaft teilhaben zu lassen?
An elementary introduction to superspace crystallography
Authors: van Smaalen Sander 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Aperiodic crystals are defined as a crystalline state of matter, that has atomic structures with long-range order but without translational symmetry. Experimentally, they are characterized by sharp Bragg reflections in the X-ray diffraction, that can be indexed by integers, if four or more reciprocal basis vectors are used. An introduction is given to the basic concepts of the superspace theory for structural analysis of incommensurately modulated crystals and incommensurate composite crystals [De Wolff, Janner and Janssen, Acta Crystallogr. 37 (1981) 625–636]. It is concluded that major challenges of the crystallography of incommensurate phases lie in the determination of the precise shapes of modulation functions, and in finding the relations between physical properties of incommensurate crystals and their atomic structures.
Incommensurate crystal structures in the elements at high pressure
Authors: McMahon Malcolm , Nelmes Richard 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Recent advances in high-pressure diffraction techniques have revealed remarkably complex crystal structures in the metallic elements at high pressure. In an increasing number of cases, these structures are found to be incommensurate, having either a host-guest composite structure, or modulations of the atomic positions. In this paper we review the structures of these phases, and discuss the insight provided by the structures into the behaviour of the elements at high pressure.
An electron and X-ray diffraction study of the compositely modulated barium nickel hollandite Ba
x
(Ni
x
Ti8—

x
)O16, 1.16 < x < 1.32, solid solution
Authors: Carter Melody L. , Withers Ray L. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Hollandite samples, Ba
x
(Ni
x
Ti8—

x
)O16 (1.1 < x < 1.40) made by ceramic techniques, have been studied by electron and X-ray diffraction. As a result, the barium nickel hollandite system is described as a composite modulated single phase solid solution made up of mutually incommensurable (along b) framework and Ba ion sub-structures. The magnitude of the incommensurate primary modulation wave-vector when defined with respect to the framework sub-structure q = b
Ba* (measured directly from electron diffraction patterns (EDPs)) acts as a chemical ruler in that it is directly related to composition and given by
x
/2. The superspace group symmetry was found to be I′2/m(0,
x
/2, 0)1. Both the framework and the Ba sub-structures have the same I2/m average structure space group symmetry. The solid solution limits for Ba
x
(Ni
x
Ti8—

x
)O16 were found to correspond to 1.16 < x < 1.32 . These limits were found by calculating the lattice parameters of both the frame work and sub-lattice from the powder X-ray diffraction patterns.
Protecting Haploid Polymorphisms in Temporally Variable Environments
Authors: Dean Antony M 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Analysis of a continuous-time model shows that a protected polymorphism can arise in a haploid population subject to temporal fluctuations in selection. The requirements are that population size is regulated in a density-dependent manner and that an allele's arithmetic mean relative growth rate is greater than one when rare and that its harmonic mean relative growth rate is less than one when common. There is no requirement that relative growth rate be frequency dependent. Comparisons with discrete-time models show that the standard formalism used by population genetics ignores forced changes in generation time as rare advantageous alleles sweep into a population. In temporally variable environments, frequency-dependent changes in generation times tend to counteract these invasions. Such changes can prevent fixation and protect polymorphisms.
Evidence for Abundant Slightly Deleterious Polymorphisms in Bacterial Populations
Authors: Hughes Austin L 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that slightly deleterious mutations subject to purifying selection are widespread in natural populations, particularly those of large effective population size. To test this hypothesis, the standardized difference between pairwise nucleotide difference and number of segregation sites (corrected for number of sequences) was estimated for 149 population data sets from 84 species of bacteria. This quantity (Tajima's D-statistic) was estimated separately for synonymous (Dsyn) and nonsynonymous (Dnon) polymorphisms. Dsyn was positive in 70% of data sets, and the overall median Dsyn (0.873) was positive. By contrast Dnon was negative in 68% of data sets, and the overall median Dnon (−0.656) was negative. The preponderance of negative values of Dnon is evidence that there are widespread rare nonsynonymous polymorphisms in the process of being eliminated by purifying selection, as predicted to occur in populations with large effective size by the nearly neutral theory. The major exceptions to this trend were seen among surface proteins, particularly those of bacteria parasitic on vertebrates, which included a number of cases of polymorphisms apparently maintained by balancing selection.
Bonus, a Drosophila TIF1 Homolog, Is a Chromatin-Associated Protein That Acts as a Modifier of Position-Effect Variegation
Authors: Beckstead R B , Ner S S , Hales K G , Grigliatti T A , Baker B S , Bellen H J 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Bonus, a Drosophila TIF1 homolog, is a nuclear receptor cofactor required for viability, molting, and numerous morphological events. Here we establish a role for Bonus in the modulation of chromatin structure. We show that weak loss-of-function alleles of bonus have a more deleterious effect on males than on females. This male-enhanced lethality is not due to a defect in dosage compensation or somatic sex differentiation, but to the presence of the Y chromosome. Additionally, we show that bonus acts as both an enhancer and a suppressor of position-effect variegation. By immunostaining, we demonstrate that Bonus is associated with both interphase and prophase chromosomes and through chromatin immunoprecipitation show that two of these sites correspond to the histone gene cluster and the Stellate locus.
Hsp70 Chaperones as Modulators of Prion Life Cycle
Authors: Allen Kim D , Wegrzyn Renee D , Chernova Tatiana A , Müller Susanne , Newnam Gary P , Winslett Peggy A , Wittich Kristin B , Wilkinson Keith D , Chernoff Yury O 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
[PSI+] is a prion isoform of the yeast release factor Sup35. In some assays, the cytosolic chaperones Ssa1 and Ssb1/2 of the Hsp70 family were previously shown to exhibit “pro-[PSI+]” and “anti-[PSI+]” effects, respectively. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that excess Ssa1 increases de novo formation of [PSI+] and that pro-[PSI+] effects of Ssa1 are shared by all other Ssa proteins. Experiments with chimeric constructs show that the peptide-binding domain is a major determinant of differences in the effects of Ssa and Ssb proteins on [PSI+]. Surprisingly, overproduction of either chaperone increases loss of [PSI+] when Sup35 is simultaneously overproduced. Excess Ssa increases both the average size of prion polymers and the proportion of monomeric Sup35 protein. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments uncover direct physical interactions between Sup35 and Hsp70 proteins. The proposed model postulates that Ssa stimulates prion formation and polymer growth by stabilizing misfolded proteins, which serve as substrates for prion conversion. In the case of very large prion aggregates, further increase in size may lead to the loss of prion activity. In contrast, Ssb either stimulates refolding into nonprion conformation or targets misfolded proteins for degradation, in this way counteracting prion formation and propagation.
A Natural Meiotic DNA Break Site in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Is a Hotspot of Gene Conversion, Highly Associated With Crossing Over
Authors: Cromie Gareth A , Rubio Claudia A , Hyppa Randy W , Smith Gerald R 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, meiosis-specific DNA breaks that initiate recombination are observed at prominent but widely separated sites. We investigated the relationship between breakage and recombination at one of these sites, the mbs1 locus on chromosome I. Breaks corresponding to 10% of chromatids were mapped to four clusters spread over a 2.1-kb region. Gene conversion of markers within the clusters occurred in 11% of tetrads (3% of meiotic chromatids), making mbs1 a conversion hotspot when compared to other fission yeast markers. Approximately 80% of these conversions were associated with crossing over of flanking markers, suggesting a strong bias in meiotic break repair toward the generation of crossovers. This bias was observed in conversion events at three other loci, ade6, ade7, and ura1. A total of 50–80% of all crossovers seen in a 90-kb region flanking mbs1 occurred in a 4.8-kb interval containing the break sites. Thus, mbs1 is also a hotspot of crossing over, with breakage at mbs1 generating most of the crossovers in the 90-kb interval. Neither Rec12 (Spo11 ortholog) nor I-SceI-induced breakage at mbs1 was significantly associated with crossing over in an apparently break-free interval &gt;25 kb away. Possible mechanisms for generating crossovers in such break-free intervals are discussed.
Echocardiographic Findings in the PANDAS Subgroup
Authors: Snider Lisa A , Sachdev Vandana , MacKaronis Julia E , Peter Marilyn St. , Swedo Susan E 
Published: November 2004

Background. Sydenham's chorea is the neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever and is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring only the presence of frank chorea in the absence of another neurologic disorder. Two thirds of children with Sydenham's chorea also have rheumatic carditis (pathologic mitral valve regurgitation). Although there are similar neuropsychiatric symptoms and preceding group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection associated with both Sydenham's chorea and the PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) subgroup, it is unknown whether patients in the PANDAS subgroup have any cardiac involvement.Methods. Sixty children meeting the criteria for PANDAS were entered into protocols at National Institute of Mental Health between 1993 and 2002. Doppler and 2-dimensional echocardiograms were performed on these subjects to assess valvular heart disease.Results. Of these 60 children, no echocardiographic evidence of significant mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was found. One patient was found to have mild mitral regurgitation, and all patients had normal left atrial size and normal left ventricular size and function. Follow-up echocardiograms on 20 children showed no significant valvular regurgitation.Conclusion. The evidence of a clear lack of rheumatic carditis in these children supports the hypothesis that PANDAS is a distinct neuropsychiatric diagnosis separate from Sydenham's chorea.
The Natural History of Type B Niemann-Pick Disease: Results From a 10-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wasserstein Melissa P. , Desnick Robert J. , Schuchman Edward H. , Hossain Sabera , Wallenstein Sylvan , Lamm Carin , McGovern Margaret M. 
Published: November 2004

Objectives. Type B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD-B) caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder with a broad range of disease severity. The objectives of this study were to document the natural history of the disease in a large, clinically heterogeneous patient population that was followed for a period of 10 years and to determine how genotype influences phenotype.
Methods. Twenty-nine patients with NPD-B had serial evaluations at least 9 months apart. Organ volumes, hematologic indices, lipid concentrations, pulmonary function, and hepatic activity were studied, and individual phenotypic severity was compared with genotype.
Results. All patients with intact spleens had splenomegaly (mean value: 12.7 multiples of normal [MN]; range: 4.5–27.3 MN), and all but 1 had hepatomegaly (mean volume: 1.91 MN; range: 0.93–3.21 MN). At initial visit, 39% had thrombocytopenia and 3% had leukopenia. At final visit, the percentages increased to 54% and 34%, respectively. Mean annual decreases in platelet count and leukocyte count were 7 × 103 and 0.2 × 103 per mm3, respectively. The typical atherogenic lipid profile was worse in older patients. A total of 69% of patients had low diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, and more than one third had low forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity at initial visit. All measurements of pulmonary function showed a gradual deterioration over time. Liver dysfunction was characterized by stable elevation of hepatic transaminases and bilirubin. Homozygotes for ΔR608, P323A, and P330R had milder disease than patients with all other genotypes.
Conclusions. The natural history of NPD-B is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly with progressive hypersplenism, worsening atherogenic lipid profile, gradual deterioration in pulmonary function, and stable liver dysfunction.