bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaussian mutation–orca predation algorithm–deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN)–temporal convolutional network (TCN)–random forest model: an advanced machine learning model for predicting monthly rainfall and filtering irrelevant data
Authors: Ehteram Mohammad , Afshari Nia Mahdie , Panahi Fatemeh , Shabanian Hanieh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMonitoring water resources requires accurate predictions of rainfall data. Our study introduces a novel deep learning model named the deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN)—temporal convolutional network (TCN) to remove redundant features and extract temporal features from rainfall data. The TCN model extracts temporal features, and the DRSN enhances the quality of the extracted features. Then, the DRSN–TCN is coupled with a random forest (RF) model to model rainfall data. Since the RF model may be unable to classify and predict complex patterns and data, our study develops the RF model to model outputs with high accuracy. Since the DRSN–TCN model uses advanced operators to extract temporal features and remove irrelevant features, it can improve the performance of the RF model for predicting rainfall. We use a new optimizer named the Gaussian mutation (GM)–orca predation algorithm (OPA) to set the DRSN–TCN–RF (DTR) parameters and determine the best input scenario. This paper introduces a new machine learning model for rainfall prediction, improves the accuracy of the original TCN, and develops a new optimization method for input selection. The models used the lagged rainfall data to predict monthly data. GM–OPA improved the accuracy of the orca predation algorithm (OPA) for feature selection. The GM–OPA reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) values of OPA and particle swarm optimization (PSO) by 1.4%–3.4% and 6.14–9.54%, respectively. The GM–OPA can simplify the modeling process because it can determine the most important input parameters. Moreover, the GM–OPA can automatically determine the optimal input scenario. The DTR reduced the testing mean absolute error values of the TCN–RAF, DRSN–TCN, TCN, and RAF models by 5.3%, 21%, 40%, and 46%, respectively. Our study indicates that the proposed model is a reliable model for rainfall prediction.
Robustness evaluations of pathway activity inference methods on gene expression data
Authors: Hui Tay Xin , Kasim Shahreen , Aziz Izzatdin Abdul , Fudzee Mohd Farhan Md , Haron Nazleeni Samiha , Sutikno Tole , Hassan Rohayanti , Mahdin Hairulnizam , Sen Seah Choon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the exponential growth of high-throughput technologies, multiple pathway analysis methods have been proposed to estimate pathway activities from gene expression profiles. These pathway activity inference methods can be divided into two main categories: non-Topology-Based (non-TB) and Pathway Topology-Based (PTB) methods. Although some review and survey articles discussed the topic from different aspects, there is a lack of systematic assessment and comparisons on the robustness of these approaches.ResultsThus, this study presents comprehensive robustness evaluations of seven widely used pathway activity inference methods using six cancer datasets based on two assessments. The first assessment seeks to investigate the robustness of pathway activity in pathway activity inference methods, while the second assessment aims to assess the robustness of risk-active pathways and genes predicted by these methods. The mean reproducibility power and total number of identified informative pathways and genes were evaluated. Based on the first assessment, the mean reproducibility power of pathway activity inference methods generally decreased as the number of pathway selections increased. Entropy-based Directed Random Walk (e-DRW) distinctly outperformed other methods in exhibiting the greatest reproducibility power across all cancer datasets. On the other hand, the second assessment shows that no methods provide satisfactory results across datasets.ConclusionHowever, PTB methods generally appear to perform better in producing greater reproducibility power and identifying potential cancer markers compared to non-TB methods.
Biogenic selenium nanoparticles and selenium/chitosan-Nanoconjugate biosynthesized by Streptomyces parvulus MAR4 with antimicrobial and anticancer potential
Authors: Hassan Mervat G. , Hawwa Mariam T. , Baraka Dina M. , El-Shora Hamed M. , Hamed Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are no longer as efficient as they once were, multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and cancer are presently considered as two of the most dangerous threats to human life. In this study, Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) biosynthesized byStreptomyces parvulusMAR4, nano-chitosan (NCh), and their nanoconjugate (Se/Ch-nanoconjugate) were suggested to be efficacious antimicrobial and anticancer agents.ResultsSeNPs biosynthesized byStreptomyces parvulusMAR4 and NCh were successfully achieved and conjugated. The biosynthesized SeNPs were spherical with a mean diameter of 94.2 nm and high stability. Yet, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate was semispherical with a 74.9 nm mean diameter and much higher stability. The SeNPs, NCh, and Se/Ch-nanoconjugate showed significant antimicrobial activity against various microbial pathogens with strong inhibitory effect on their tested metabolic key enzymes [phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and nitrate reductase (NR)]; Se/Ch-nanoconjugate was the most powerful agent. Furthermore, SeNPs revealed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 (IC50 = 13.04 μg/ml) and moderate toxicity against Caki-1 (HTB-46) tumor cell lines (IC50 = 21.35 μg/ml) but low cytotoxicity against WI-38 normal cell line (IC50 = 85.69 μg/ml). Nevertheless, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate displayed substantial cytotoxicity against HepG2 and Caki-1 (HTB-46) with IC50values of 11.82 and 7.83 μg/ml, respectively. Consequently, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate may be more easily absorbed by both tumor cell lines. However, it exhibited very low cytotoxicity on WI-38 with IC50of 153.3 μg/ml. Therefore, Se/Ch-nanoconjugate presented the most anticancer activity.ConclusionThe biosynthesized SeNPs and Se/Ch-nanoconjugate are convincingly recommended to be used in biomedical applications as versatile and potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents ensuring notable levels of biosafety, environmental compatibility, and efficacy.
The impact of root systems and their exudates in different tree species on soil properties and microorganisms in a temperate forest ecosystem
Authors: Staszel-Szlachta Karolina , Lasota Jarosław , Szlachta Andrzej , Błońska Ewa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The species composition of tree stands plays an important role in shaping the properties of forest soils. The aim of our research was to determine the influence on soil properties of the root systems of six species of trees which form forest stands in the temperate climatic zone. The research covered areas including six tree species – Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European larch (Larix deciduas Mill.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), English ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.). In our study, we determined the characteristics of the roots and the amount of carbon excreted alongside their exudates. Enzymatic activity, and the composition and diversity of the fungi and bacteria, were also determined in addition to the basic physicochemical properties of the soil samples.

Results
A strong relationship between the root characteristics and soil properties, including the pH, basic cation content and phosphorus content, was confirmed. In addition, the enzymatic activity of phosphatase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β-D-cellobiosidase were positively correlated with the root characteristics. The study on soil bacteria across different tree species revealed Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota to be the most abundant phylum. Fungal analysis showed Basidiomycota and Ascomycota as the dominant phyla. Ascomycota dominated in hornbeam and oak soils. Mortierellomycota was remarkably more present in pine soil.

Conclusions
This analysis of root systems and soil properties confirmed the distinctness of ash stands, which were also more abundant in various microorganisms. It was also found that soils affected by different tree species were characterised by varied fungal and bacterial composition. The ash had particularly beneficial impact on soil microbiota.
Lymphedema after saphenous harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery: case report and literature review
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyed Mohsen , Soltanipur Masood , Yarmohammadi Hossein , Rezaei Mahdi , Sheikhi Zahra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDifferent causes have been described for secondary lymphedema as reported in this article. A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with lymphedema about one decade after saphenous harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery. It took two years for him to find out his diagnosis and receive the proper treatment. After standard complete decongestive therapy, his volume and pain decreased and his quality of life was improved, especially its physical aspect. It is important to recognize the possibility of lymphedema development after saphenous harvesting among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery to prevent significant disturbance of quality of life with timely management.
Item distribution, internal consistency and structural validity of the German language person-centred climate questionnaire - staff version (PCQ-G-S): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wilfling Denise , Möhler Ralph , Berg Almuth , Dörner Jonas , Bartmann Natascha , Klatt Thomas , Meyer Gabriele , Halek Margareta , Köpke Sascha , Dichter Martin N. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Person-centredness is considered as best practice for people living with dementia. A frequently used instrument to assess person-centredness of a care environment is the Person-centred Climate Questionnaire (PCQ). The questionnaire comprises of 14 items with the three subscales a climate of safety, a climate of everydayness and a climate of community.

Aim
The aim of the study is to describe the translation process of the English language Person-centred Climate Questionnaire (Staff version, Patient version, Family version) into German language (PCQ-G) and to evaluate the first psychometric properties of the German language Person-centred Climate Questionnaire– Staff version (PCQ-G-S).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study. The three versions of the 14-item English PCQ were translated into German language (PCQ-G) based on the recommendations for cross-cultural adaption of measures. Item distribution, internal consistency and structural validity of the questionnaire were assessed among nursing home staff (PCQ-G-S). Item distribution was calculated using descriptive statistics. Structural validity was tested using principal component analysis (PCA), and internal consistency was assessed for the resulting subscales using Cronbach’s alpha. Data collection took place from May to September 2021.

Results
A total sample of 120 nurses was included in the data analysis. Nine out of 14 items of the PCQ-G-S demonstrated acceptable item difficulty, while five times showed a ceiling effect. The PCA analysis demonstrated a strong structural validity for a three-factor solution explaining 68.6% of the total variance. The three subscales demonstrated a good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha scores of 0.8 for each of the subscales.

Conclusion
The analysis of the 14-item German version (PCQ-G-S) showed first evidence for a strong internal consistency and structural validity for evaluating staff perceptions of the person-centredness in German nursing homes. Based on this, further investigations for scale validity of the PCQ-G versions should be carried out.
Validity of the modified Rankin Scale in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomized study
Authors: Nobels-Janssen E. , Postma E. N. , Abma I. L. , van Dijk J. M. C. , de Ridder I. R. , Schenck H. , Moojen W. A. , den Hertog M. H. , Nanda D. , Potgieser A. R. E. , Coert B. A. , Verhagen W. I. M. , Bartels R. H. M. A. , van der Wees P. J. , Verbaan D. , Boogaarts H. D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS), a clinician-reported outcome measure of global disability, has never been validated in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The aims of this study are to assess: (1) convergent validity of the mRS; (2) responsiveness of the mRS; and (3) the distribution of mRS scores across patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods
This is a prospective randomized multicenter study. The mRS was scored by a physician for all patients, and subsequently by structured interview for half of the patients and by self-assessment for the other half. All patients completed EuroQoL 5D-5L, RAND-36, Stroke Specific Quality of Life scale (SS-QoL) and Global Perceived Effect (GPE) questionnaires. Convergent validity and responsiveness were assessed by testing hypotheses.

Results
In total, 149 patients with aSAH were included for analysis. The correlation of the mRS with EQ-5D-5L was r = − 0.546, while with RAND-36 physical and mental component scores the correlation was r = − 0.439and r = − 0.574 respectively, and with SS-QoL it was r = − 0.671. Three out of four hypotheses for convergent validity were met. The mRS assessed through structured interviews was more highly correlated with the mental component score than with the physical component score of RAND-36. Improvement in terms of GPE was indicated by 83% of patients; the mean change score of these patients on the mRS was − 0.08 (SD 0.915). None of the hypotheses for responsiveness were met.

Conclusion
The results show that the mRS generally correlates with other instruments, as expected, but it lacks responsiveness. A structured interview of the mRS is best for detecting disabling neuropsychological complaints.

Registration
URL: https://trialsearch.who.int; Unique identifier: NL7859, Date of first administration: 08-07-2019
Efficacy of rTMS for poststroke epilepsy and its effects on patients’ cognitive function and depressive status
Authors: Hu Minting , Qin Bailing , Li Tong , Wei Chunyan , Su Dajing , Tan Zuocai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of poststroke epilepsy and the effect of rTMS on patients’ cognitive function and depressive status.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-one poststroke epilepsy patients with mild cognitive impairment and depressive status admitted to the Department of Neurology of the Second People’s Hospital of Nanning from January 1, 2017, to April 31, 2023, were selected and divided into the rTMS treatment group (treated group) and the control group. MMSE scores and HAMD scores were recorded before and after treatment. The frequency of EEG spiky waves recorded before and after treatment within 24 h and the frequency of any clinical seizure form (the number of clinical seizures within 1 month after treatment) and changes in observed indices before and after treatment were calculated. The differences between the data of the two groups were analyzed, to further assess the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of poststroke epilepsy and the rTMS’ effects on cognition and depression.

Results
Compared with drug treatment alone, rTMS significantly decreased clinical seizures and epileptiform discharges after stroke, especially in patients with lesions in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Compared with drug treatment alone, rTMS treatment can effectively reduce cognitive impairment and mood disorders, such as depression, especially for patients with lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes. The results of this experiment suggest that rTMS treatment does not increase adverse effects.

Conclusion
rTMS reduces clinical seizures while improving cognitive impairment and depression in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, we suggest that low-frequency rTMS can be used as an adjunctive treatment for patients with epilepsy and provide some ideas and references for the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment and depression.
Clinical significance of true umbilical cord knot: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Houri Ohad , Bercovich Or , Wertheimer Avital , Pardo Anat , Berezowsky Alexandra , Hadar Eran , Hochberg Alyssa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTrue umbilical cord knot (TUCK) is a rare finding that often leads to intensified surveillance and patient anxiety. This study sought to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of TUCK.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary university medical center in 2007–2019. Patients with singleton pregnancies diagnosed postnatally with TUCK were identified and compared to women without TUCK for obstetric and neonatal outcomes using propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsTUCK was diagnosed in 780 of the 96,766 deliveries (0.8%). Women with TUCK were older than those without TUCK (32.57 vs. 31.06 years,P < 0.001) and had higher gravidity (3 vs. 2,P < 001) and a higher rate of prior stillbirth (1.76% vs. 0.43%,P < 0.01). Following covariate adjustment, 732 women with TUCK were compared to 7320 matched controls. TUCK was associated with emergency cesarean delivery due to non-reassuring fetal heart rate (2.54% vs. 4.35%,P = 0.008, OR 1.71, 95%CI 1.14–2.56) and intrapartum meconium-stained amniotic fluid (19.26% vs. 15.41%,P = 0.022, OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.04–1.65). Neonatal outcomes were comparable except for higher rates of 1-min Apgar score < 7 and neonatal seizures in the TUCK group. The stillbirth rate was higher in the TUCK group, but the difference was not statistically significant (1.23% vs 0.62%,P = 0.06, OR 1.96, 95%CI 0.96–4.03).ConclusionsTUCK has several identifiable risk factors. Pregnant women with TUCK may cautiously be informed of the relatively low risks of major obstetric or perinatal complications. The lower occurrence of stillbirth in the TUCK group warrants further study.
Downregulation of PTPRT elevates the expression of survivin and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Haozhen , Li Yanling , Xu Qumiao , Liu Jixian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T (PTPRT) is a transmembrane protein that is involved in cell adhesion. We previously found that PTPRT was downregulated in multiple cancer types and the mutation of PTPRT was associated with cancer early metastasis. However, the impacts of PTPRT downregulation on tumour proliferation, invasion, and clinical interventions such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies remained largely unknown.

Methods
Gene expression data of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were downloaded and used to detect the differential expressed genes between PTPRT-high and PTPRT-low subgroups. Knockdown and overexpress of PTPRT in lung cancer cell lines were performed to explore the function of PTPRT in vitro. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the expression of cell cycle-related genes. CCK-8 assays, wound-healing migration assay, transwell assay, and colony formation assay were performed to determine the functional impacts of PTPRT on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. KM-plotter was used to explore the significance of selected genes on patient prognosis.

Results
PTPRT was found to be downregulated in tumours and lung cancer cell lines compared to normal samples. Cell cycle-related genes (BIRC5, OIP5, and CDCA3, etc.) were specifically upregulated in PTPRT-low lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Modulation of PTPRT expression in LUAD cell lines affected the expression of BIRC5 (survivin) significantly, as well as the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumour cells. In addition, low PTPRT expression level was correlated with worse prognosis of lung cancer and several other cancer types. Furthermore, PTPRT downregulation was associated with elevated tumour mutation burden and tumour neoantigen burden in lung cancer, indicating the potential influence on tumour immunogenicity.

Conclusion
Our findings uncovered the essential roles of PTPRT in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD, and highlighted the clinical significance of PTPRT downregulation in lung cancer.
Topical and subconjunctival anesthesia versus topical anesthesia alone in patients with senile cataracts undergoing phacoemulsification: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wutthayakorn Wisaruta , Chansangpetch Sunee , Tunruttanakul Suppadech 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
This study compared topical anesthesia to a combination of topical anesthesia and subconjunctival anesthesia for phacoemulsification.

Methods
This double-blinded parallel placebo-controlled randomized trial involved senile cataract patients scheduled for phacoemulsification between May and December 2022. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either topical anesthesia with 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride and subconjunctival balanced salt solution injection (Control group) or topical anesthesia and subconjunctival injection with 2% lidocaine (Lidocaine group). Baseline parameters, cataract grades, and various outcomes were recorded, including pain scores at specific time points, patient cooperation scores, requests for additional anesthesia, and complications. Statistical methods included Fisher’s exact test, the t-test, ordinal logistic regression, and linear regression with robust standard errors.

Results
In total, 176 patients were included in the study after excluding 33 patients. A significant reduction in immediate postoperative pain was achieved in the Lidocaine group (p < 0.001) and was maintained for 2 h (p = 0.011). Additionally, better cooperation was observed in this group (p = 0.038). However, patients in the Lidocaine group experienced more pain during the subconjunctival injection (p = 0.001) and a significant increase in subconjunctival hemorrhage related to the injection (p < 0.001). Despite this, the rates of surgical complications were comparable between the groups, and all phacoemulsification procedures were successfully completed using the assigned anesthetic technique.

Conclusions
The addition of subconjunctival lidocaine injection to topical anesthesia reduced postoperative pain and improved patient cooperation during phacoemulsification. However, the lidocaine injection was painful, and it carried a higher risk of spontaneous-relief subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Trial registration
Trial Registration Number: TCTR20220804003, date of registration August 4, 2022, retrospectively registered.