bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf‐roll gall formation in Reynoutria × bohemica and its implications for biological control with Aphalara itadori
Authors: Jones Ian M. , Kurose Daisuke , Shaw Richard H. , Smith Sandy M. , Bourchier Robert S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe psyllid Aphalara itadori Shinji (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a biocontrol agent against invasive knotweed species (Polygonaceae) in Europe and North America. Despite an extensive release program, successful establishment of the agent has never been confirmed. The slow establishment of A. itadori in its introduced range appears to be predominantly the result of nymphal mortality, either through desiccation, predation, or the adaptation of captive populations to low‐stress environments. In 2016, CABI UK collected a new line of psyllids from Murakami, Niigata Prefecture, in Japan, where it was observed causing severe leaf‐roll galling on one of the many varieties of native knotweeds. The induction of leaf‐roll galls by Murakami psyllids on invasive Bohemian knotweed, Reynoutria × bohemica, has the potential to alleviate some or all of the observed nymphal mortality factors. We conducted a series of growth chamber experiments to explore the psyllid behaviors that initiate leaf‐roll galls, and the ways in which the galls might benefit the psyllids and inhibit invasive knotweed. Reynoutria × bohemica exposed to A. itadori for 4 weeks suffered reduced stem elongation and leaf area compared to control plants. Artificial leaf‐roll galls were consistently utilized by developing A. itadori nymphs, and contributed to their survival. Leaf‐roll galling in R. × bohemica was predominantly initiated by early instar nymphs of A. itadori, and only occurred when leaves were attacked at a very early stage in their development. Our results can inform the knotweed biocontrol program in several key ways. Releases of A. itadori should be timed so that developing nymphs have access to newly emerging leaves. Monitoring efforts at release sites should focus on the growing tips of R. × bohemica, where the highly mobile nymphs appear to migrate. Finally, our results provide motivation to seek additional lines of A. itadori that may affect other invasive knotweed species in similar ways.
Radiographic and computed tomographic features of a subarachnoid diverticulum causing compressive cervical myelopathy in a yearling Warmblood horse
Authors: Olszewska Agnieszka , Raes Els , Lefere Laurence , Vanderperren Katrien 
Published: October 2023

SummaryA 1‐year‐old Belgian Warmblood with a previously known history of successfully repaired temporal and parietal bone fractures sustained at 14 days of age was presented for investigation of a recent, acute and progressive quadrilateral ataxia. The owner reported a lack of coordination and difficulty getting up, with progressing paresis 2 weeks prior to the presentation. Neurological examination revealed pronounced hypermetria/dysmetria in the walk and trot in all four limbs. No evidence of cranial nerve deficits was observed. The horse was in good general condition with unremarkable clinical parameters. Survey lateral radiographs of the cervical spine revealed significant signs of cervical vertebral malformation, including hypertrophy of the articular process joints, indicating narrowing of the spinal canal with suspected cervical stenotic myelopathy. Cervical computed tomographic (CT) myelography revealed the presence of multiple dorsal subarachnoid diverticula causing significant spinal cord compression at multiple locations, with osteoarthrosis of the cervical articular process joints. Due to a poor prognosis and guarded surgical outcome, the owner declined further treatment, and the horse was discharged with conservative corticosteroid treatment. The patient was euthanised shortly after the initial presentation due to progressive worsening signs. To the authors' knowledge, CT myelography findings in a yearling with cervical subarachnoid multiple diverticula have not been previously published. This case illustrates the usefulness of advanced imaging techniques, such as CT myelography, in combination with static and dynamic radiography to provide a better and more accurate diagnosis.
Deep learning methods to detect Alzheimer's disease from MRI: A systematic review
Authors: Coelho Mariana , Cerny Martin , Tavares João Manuel R. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative condition in the brain that affects memory, thinking, and behaviour. To overcome this problem, which according to the World Health Organization, is on the rise, creating strategies is essential to identify and predict the disease in its early stages before clinical manifestation. In addition to cognitive and mental tests, neuroimaging is promising in this field, especially in assessing brain matter loss. Therefore, computer‐aided diagnosis systems have been imposed as fundamental tools to help imaging technicians as the diagnosis becomes less subjective and time‐consuming. Thus, machine learning and deep learning (DL) techniques have come into play. In recent years, articles addressing the topic of Alzheimer's diagnosis through DL models are increasingly popular, with an exponential increase from year to year with increasingly higher accuracy values. However, the disease classification remains a challenging and progressing issue, not only in distinguishing between healthy controls and AD patients but mainly in differentiating intermediate stages such as mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, there is a need to develop more valuable and innovative techniques. This article presents an up‐to‐date systematic review of deep models to detect AD and its intermediate phase by evaluating magnetic resonance images. The DL models chosen by different authors are analysed, as well as their approaches regarding the used dataset and the data pre‐processing and analysis techniques.
Reduction of testing effort for fatigue tests: Application of Bayesian optimal experimental design
Authors: Frie Christian , Kolyshkin Anton , Mordeja Sven , Riza Durmaz Ali , Eberl Chris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractS‐N curve parameter determination is a time‐ and cost‐intensive procedure. A standardized method for simultaneously determining all S‐N curve parameters with minimum testing effort is still missing. The Bayesian optimal experimental design (BOED) approach can reduce testing effort and accelerates uncertainty reduction during fatigue testing for S‐N curve parameters. The concept is applicable to all S‐N curve models and is exemplary illustrated for a bilinear S‐N curve model. We demonstrate the fatigue testing workflow for the bilinear S‐N curve in detail while discussing steps and challenges when generalizing to other S‐N curve models. Applying the BOED to the bilinear S‐N curve models, minor errors and uncertainties for all S‐N curve parameters are obtained after only 10 experiments for data scatter values below 1.1. For such, the relative error in fatigue limit estimation was less than 1% after five tests. When S‐N data scatter higher than 1.2 is concerned, 17 tests were required for robust analysis. The BOED methodology should be applied to other S‐N curve models in the future. The high computational effort and the approximation of the posterior distribution with a normal distribution are the limitations of the presented BOED approach.
The role of Zfp352 in the regulation of transient expression of 2‐cell specific genes in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Mwalilino Lusubilo , Yamane Mariko , Ishiguro Kei‐ichiro , Usuki Shingo , Endoh Mitsuhiro , Niwa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMouse ES cell populations contain a minor sub‐population that expresses genes specifically expressed in 2‐cell stage embryos. This sub‐population consists of 2‐cell‐gene labeled cells (2CLCs) generated by the transient activation of the 2‐cell specific genes initiated by the master regulator, Dux. However, the mechanism regulating the transient expression remains largely unclear. Here we reported a novel function of Zfp352, one of the 2‐cell specific genes, in regulating the 2CLC sub‐population. Zfp352 encodes zinc‐finger transcription factor belonging to the Klf family. Dux transiently activates Zfp352 after the activation of Zscan4c in a subset of the 2CLC subpopulation. Interestingly, in the reporter assay, the transcriptional activation of Zscan4c by Dux is strongly repressed by the co‐expression of Zfp352. However, the knockout of Zfp352 resulted in the repression of a subset of the 2‐cell‐specific genes. These data suggest the dual roles of Zfp352 in regulating the transient activation of the 2‐cell‐specific genes.
Collection of menopause data in studies of women living with HIV: A systematic literature review
Authors: Graham Emma Eileen , Michala Lina , Hachfeld Anna , Moseholm Ellen ,   Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE), European AIDS Clinical Society
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesAn increasing number of women living with HIV are transitioning through midlife and menopause. Women living with HIV may experience earlier menopause and a higher symptom burden than women without HIV, but more evidence is needed. Data collection on menopause in women living with HIV is scarce and often not standardized. We sought to assess how menopause data are collected in cohorts and studies of women living with HIV.MethodsThis was a literature review conducted within the PubMed database. We included original studies and cohorts assessing menopause and/or menopausal symptoms in women living with HIV. Study characteristics and menopause data collection, including the definition of menopause, symptom assessment tools, and measurement of biomedical parameters, were noted and summarized systematically in data tables.ResultsWe included 40 articles describing 37 separate studies published between 2000 and 2023; 27 of these were conducted in high‐income countries, the majority in the USA (n = 16). Ten studies were from low‐ and middle‐income countries; four of these were conducted in Brazil. In 20 studies, menopause was defined according to the World Health Organization's definition of over 12 months of amenorrhea. Twelve studies used the Menopause Rating Scale to characterize menopausal symptoms, five studies used other specified symptom assessment tools, and 12 studies used a study‐specific tool.ConclusionsMenopause data collection in women living with HIV is heterogeneous. We propose that standardized tools should be used to enable comparisons between studies and countries, thereby improving the quality of research and clinical treatment. Further research into the validity of menopausal symptom scoring tools is warranted.
Rate of response to initial antiretroviral therapy according to level of pre‐existing HIV‐1 drug resistance detected by next‐generation sequencing in the strategic timing of antiretroviral treatment (START) study
Authors: Cozzi‐Lepri Alessandro , Dunn David , Tostevin Anna , Marvig Rasmus L. , Bennedbæk Marc , Sharma Shweta , Kozal Michael J. , Gompels Mark , Pinto Angie N. , Lundgren Jens , Baxter John D. ,   for the INSIGHT START Study Group
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of this analysis was to evaluate the impact of pre‐existing drug resistance by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on the risk of treatment failure (TF) of first‐line regimens in participants enrolled in the START study.MethodsStored plasma from participants with entry HIV RNA >1000 copies/mL were analysed using NGS (llumina MiSeq). Pre‐existing drug resistance was defined using the mutations considered by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVDB v8.6) to calculate the genotypic susceptibility score (GSS, estimating the number of active drugs) for the first‐line regimen at the detection threshold windows of >20%, >5%, and >2% of the viral population. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between the GSS and risk of TF (viral load >200 copies/mL plus treatment change).ResultsBaseline NGS data were available for 1380 antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve participants enrolled over 2009–2013. First‐line ART included a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) in 976 (71%), a boosted protease inhibitor in 297 (22%), or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor in 107 (8%). The proportions of participants with GSS <3 were 7% for >20%, 10% for >5%, and 17% for the >2% thresholds, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio of TF associated with a GSS of 0–2.75 versus 3 in the subset of participants with mutations detected at the >2% threshold was 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.01–2.74; p = 0.05) and 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.32–4.09; p = 0.003) after restricting the analysis to participants who started an NNRTI‐based regimen.ConclusionsUp to 17% of participants initiated ART with a GSS <3 on the basis of NGS data. Minority variants were predictive of TF, especially for participants starting NNRTI‐based regimens.
Identification of immune‐related hub genes and construction of an immune‐related gene prognostic index for low‐grade glioma
Authors: Zhou Jing , Guo Hao , Liu Likun , Jin Zengcai , Zhang Wencui , Tang Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLow‐grade glioma (LGG) poses significant management challenges and has a dismal prognosis. While immunotherapy has shown significant promise in cancer treatment, its progress in glioma has confronted with challenges. In our study, we aimed to develop an immune‐related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) which could be used to evaluate the response and efficacy of LGG patients with immunotherapy. We included a total of 529 LGG samples from TCGA database and 1152 normal brain tissue samples from the GTEx database. Immune‐related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Then, we used weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify immune‐related hub genes in LGG patients and performed Cox regression analysis to construct an IRGPI. The median IRGPI was used as the cut‐off value to categorize LGG patients into IRGPI‐high and low subgroups, and the molecular and immune mechanism in IRGPI‐defined subgroups were analysed. Finally, we explored the relationship between IRGPI‐defined subgroups and immunotherapy related indicators in patients after immunotherapy. Three genes (RHOA, NFKBIA and CCL3) were selected to construct the IRGPI. In a survival analysis using TCGA cohort as a training set, patients in the IRGPI‐low subgroup had a better OS than those in IRGPI‐high subgroup, consistent with the results in CGGA cohort. The comprehensive results showed that IRGPI‐low subgroup had a more abundant activated immune cell population and lower TIDE score, higher MSI, higher TMB score, lower T cell dysfunction score, more likely benefit from ICIs therapy. IRGPI is a promising biomarker in the field of LGG ICIs therapy to distinguish the prognosis, the molecular and immunological characteristics of patients.
Does ecological drift explain variation in microbiome composition among groups in a social host species?
Authors: Rose Clémence , Lund Marie Braad , Schramm Andreas , Bilde Trine , Bechsgaard Jesper 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Within a given species, considerable inter-individual, spatial, and temporal variation in the composition of the host microbiome exists. In group-living animals, social interactions homogenize microbiome composition among group members, nevertheless divergence in microbiome composition among related groups arise. Such variation can result from deterministic and stochastic processes. Stochastic changes, or ecological drift, can occur among symbionts with potential for colonizing a host and within individual hosts, and drive divergence in microbiome composition among hosts or host groups. We tested whether ecological drift associated with dispersal and foundation of new groups cause divergence in microbiome composition between natal and newly formed groups in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We simulated the initiation of new groups by splitting field-collected nests into groups of 1, 3, and 10 individuals respectively, and compared variation in microbiome composition among and within groups after 6 weeks using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Theory predicts that ecological drift increases with decreasing group size. We found that microbiome composition among single founders was more dissimilar than among individuals kept in groups, supporting this prediction. Divergence in microbiome composition from the natal nest was mainly driven by a higher number of non-core symbionts. This suggests that stochastic divergence in host microbiomes can arise during the process of group formation by individual founders, which could explain the existence of among-group variation in microbiome composition in the wild. Individual founders appear to harbour higher relative abundances of non-core symbionts compared with founders in small groups, some of which are possible pathogens. These symbionts vary in occurrence with group size, indicating that group dynamics influence various core and non-core symbionts differently.
Abstract
Microbiome composition among single indiviuals was more dissimilar than among individuals kept in groups. Microbiome composition was dissimilar between original nests and experimental groups.
Contrasting genetic and morphological differentiation among geographical lineages of a stenotopic miniature rasborine, Boraras maculatus, in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fam Yi Qing , Jamaluddin Jamsari Amirul Firdaus , Muhammad‐Rasul Abdullah Halim , Ilham‐Norhakim Mohd Lokman , Rosely Nik Fadzly N. , Lavoué Sébastien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe variability in the stenotopic miniature rasborine Boraras maculatus (Cypriniformes: Danionidae: Rasborinae) across acidic‐water habitats of Peninsular Malaysia (PM) was investigated using two molecular markers (the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] gene and the nuclear rhodopsin gene), as well as morphological evidence. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed differentiation among populations of B. maculatus in PM with the distinction of four allopatric lineages. Each of them was recognized as a putative species by automatic species delimitation methods. These lineages diverged from each other between 7.4 and 1.9 million years ago. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine the multivariate variation in 11 morphometric measurements among three of these lineages. PCA results showed a significant overlap in morphological characteristics among these lineages. Additionally, a photograph‐based machine learning approach failed to fully differentiate these lineages, suggesting limited morphological differentiation. B. maculatus represents a case of morphological stasis in a stenotopic miniature species. Strong habitat preference, coupled with long‐term habitat fragmentation, may explain why each lineage of B. maculatus has a restricted distribution and did not disperse to other regions within and outside of PM, despite ample possibilities when the Sunda shelf was emerged and drained by large paleodrainages for most of the past 7 million years. The conservation status of B. maculatus and its peat swamp habitats are discussed, and it is concluded that peat swamps comprise several evolutionary units. Each of these units is considered a conservation unit and deserves appropriate protection.
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity among nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Sadali Umar Bin , Kamal Khaizuran Khairin Bin Nur , Park Jiyoung , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Devi M. Kamala 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported the prevalence of overweight and obesity in various countries but the global prevalence of nurses with overweight and obesity remains unclear. A consolidation of figures globally can help stakeholders worldwide improve workforce development and healthcare service delivery.ObjectiveTo investigate the global prevalence of overweight and obesity among nurses.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.Setting29 different countries across the WHO‐classified geographical region.ParticipantsNurses.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched for articles published from inception to January 2023. Two independent reviewers performed the article screening, methodological appraisal and data extraction. Methodological appraisal was conducted using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Inter‐rater agreement was measured using Cohen's Kappa. Meta‐analyses were conducted to pool the effect sizes on overweight, obesity and waist circumference using random effects model and adjusted using generalised linear mixed models and Hartung–Knapp method. Logit transformation was employed to stabilise the prevalence variance. Subgroup analyses were performed based on methodological quality and geographical regions. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsAmong 10,587 studies, 83 studies representing 158,775 nurses across 29 countries were included. Based on BMI, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity were 31.2% (n = 55, 95% CI: 29%–33.5%; p < .01) and 16.3% (n = 76, 95% CI: 13.7%–19.3%, p < .01), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that the highest prevalence of overweight was in Eastern Mediterranean (n = 9, 37.2%, 95% CI: 33.1%–41.4%) and that of obesity was in South‐East Asia (n = 5, 26.4%, 95% CI: 5.3%–69.9%). NOS classification, NOS scores, sample size and the year of data collected were not significant moderators.ConclusionsThis review indicated the global prevalence of overweight and obesity among nurses along with the differences between regions. Healthcare organisations and policymakers should appreciate this increased risk and improve working conditions and environments for nurses to better maintain their metabolic health.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable as this is a systematic review.RegistrationPROSPERO (ref: CRD42023403785) https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=403785.Tweetable AbstractHigh prevalence of overweight and obesity among nurses worldwide.
Impact of dental prosthetic treatment and patients' expectations on the seven domains and four‐dimensional scale of the Oral Health Impact Profile
Authors: Winter Anna , Schulz Stefan M. , Rasche Engelke , Schmitter Marc , Höhne Christian , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos Nikitas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecently, recommendations were given for a new scoring of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). The original seven domain structure should be replaced by a four‐dimensional scale.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of dental prosthetic treatment on the seven domains and the four‐dimensional scale of the OHIP‐G49/53 questionnaire.MethodsSeventy four patients were grouped according their pre‐ and post‐treatment situation and the type of treatment they received. Patients completed the OHIP‐G49/53 questionnaire before prosthetic treatment (T0), and at 1 week (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3) after treatment. Treatment effects on the seven domains and the four dimensions of the OHIP scale were analysed, and the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured. Patients' expectations of their prosthetic treatment were also evaluated. Data were analysed using two‐way Mixed ANOVA, regression analysis, and Cronbach's alpha test with a level of significance of α ≤ .017.ResultsOHRQoL significantly improved following prosthetic treatment compared with baseline. The largest improvement was found between T0 and T1 evaluations (all p ≤ .001). Unlike the seven‐domain scale, the four OHIP dimensions demonstrated further significant improvements across the T1/T2/T3 evaluations (all p ≤ .017). Different pre‐treatment findings had different treatment effects on the four OHIP dimensions and seven OHIP domains. Patients' expectations were mainly fulfilled.ConclusionCompared with the seven‐domain scale, the four dimensions showed significant follow‐up changes, suggesting the four dimensions are suitable for evaluating treatment effects up to 6 months. Clinically meaningful effects of dental prosthetic treatment can be sensitively measured using the four‐dimensional OHIP scale.