bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemmung konstruktiver Aggression
Authors: Maß Reinhard , Müller-Alcazar Anett 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Mit konstruktiver Aggression ist ein evolviertes Verhaltensmuster gemeint, mit dem Individuen gewaltlos Interessen, Bedürfnisse und Grenzen in interpersonalen Beziehungen einbringen können. Es wird postuliert, dass die Hemmung konstruktiver Aggression (i. e., Aggressionshemmung) schädlich ist. Fragestellung: Es sollte zunächst ein Instrument zur Erfassung von Aggressionshemmung entwickelt und evaluiert werden. Damit sollten die Zusammenhänge von Aggressionshemmung mit Depressivität, Trait-Angst und Lebenszufriedenheit untersucht werden. Methode: In zwei Studien (299 bzw. 253 Gesunde) wurde das „Aggressionshemmungs-Inventar“ (AHI) entwickelt. In einer dritten Studie wurde das AHI bei 263 Depressiven in vollstationärer Behandlung eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: Das AHI korrelierte bei Gesunden mit Depressivität, Trait-Angst und Lebenszufriedenheit. Die Depressiven zeigten eine ausgeprägte Aggressionshemmung, die bis zur Entlassung abnahm. Der Rückgang der Depressivität hing von der Aggressionshemmung bei Entlassung ab. Schlussfolgerungen: Das AHI kann die Hemmung konstruktiver Aggression zuverlässig messen. Der Abbau von Aggressionshemmung könnte wichtig bei der Behandlung von Depression sein.
Persistence and Cessation of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Under Psychotherapy
Authors: Aoki Sanae , Kogayu Nobuo , Ono Satoshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This study examines factors associated with recovery from nonsuicidal self-injury, comparing the characteristics of nonsuicidal self-injury behavior, clinical history, and psychological features of one group of patients who recovered from nonsuicidal self-injury within 12 months of psychotherapy and one group of patients who did not. Both groups received three components of treatment: feedback on psychological assessment results, psychoeducation on stress and emotional control, and acquisition of stress-coping skills. The Rorschach Comprehensive System was used for the measurement of participants’ psychological characteristics. Results indicated that the nonrecovery group ( N = 14) remembered significantly fewer self-harm episodes than the recovery group ( N = 16). The Rorschach showed differences in variables indicative of thinking and cognitive problems: PTI positivity and X-% were significantly higher in the nonrecovery group, while X+%, XA%, and WDA% were significantly lower in the nonrecovery group. Results suggest that the recovery group interrupted self-injury behaviors in a relatively short period by acquiring self-understanding and coping skills. Additional treatment for thinking, cognitive deficits, and dissociation may be necessary for the nonrecovery group.
Linking Biogeochemical and Hydrodynamic Processes to Model Methane Fluxes in Shallow, Tropical Floodplain Lakes
Authors: Guo Mingyang , Melack John M. , Zhou Wencai , Barbosa Pedro M. , Amaral Joao H. F. , Zhuang Qianlai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFloodplains lakes are abundant in the Amazon basin and are important methane sources to the atmosphere. Existing biogeochemical models require modifications and inclusion of hydrodynamic processes operative in shallow, warm waters to be applied to these aquatic ecosystems. We modified a 1‐dimensional process‐based, lake biogeochemical model and combined a 3‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to suit Amazon floodplains. We evaluated the combined model's performance simulating methane concentrations and fluxes and several related processes in the open lake and an embayment of a well‐studied Amazon lake. Parameters for calibration were selected through sensitivity tests using a machine learning‐based algorithm, classification, and regression trees. Comparison between simulated and measured fluxes indicate generally good agreement in seasonal patterns and magnitudes. Comparisons of near‐surface concentrations varied with no clear patterns. Simulations of methane concentrations at near‐surface and near‐bottom, and diffusive emissions are most sensitive to carbon mineralization rate, Q10 factors for methanogenesis and oxidation, and methane oxidation potential. Modeled rates of planktonic photosynthesis were generally lower than measurements, though simulated planktonic respiration was often similar to measurements. Simulated rates of methane oxidation were considerably lower, with a few exceptions, than measurements of methane oxidation in oxic water of the lake. Improvements of results of the linked hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model will result from inclusion of advective transport, use of parameter values appropriate for tropical waters, especially for methane oxidation and photosynthesis, and addition of changes in hydrostatic pressure to model of ebullition.
Mobilization of Tungsten in Greenstone Belts of the Archean Kaapvaal and Singhbhum Cratons
Authors: Messling N. , Jodder J. , Hegner E. , Hofmann A. , Wemmer K. , Willbold M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to the inherently fluid‐mobile nature of W, the 182W record of the early Earth may have been obscured by fluid‐induced mobilization of W. To investigate W mobilization in Archean greenstone sequences, we analyzed 182W isotope systematics and major and trace element concentrations in samples from the 3.53 Ga old Onverwacht Group of the Kaapvaal Craton (South Africa) and the >3.51 Ga old Badampahar Group of the Singhbhum Craton (India). Our results for mafic and ultramafic metavolcanic rocks show W/Th ratios significantly higher than primary magmatic values, which suggests fluid‐induced W enrichment. Samples least affected by secondary W enrichment (W/Th < 0.26) show no resolvable W isotope anomalies from modern mantle values in both cratons. Samples from the Kaapvaal Craton with elevated W/Th exhibit deficits in 182W as low as −8.1 ± 4.3 ppm compared to the modern mantle. Covariations of μ182W with W/Th, and Ce/Pb suggest that negative isotope signatures were introduced during secondary fluid‐mediated processes. The enrichment of W is most evident in altered ultramafic rocks comprising serpentine, resulting in additional covariations between MgO, LOI, and W/Th. The W isotope composition of serpentinized komatiites reflects the composition of younger intruding granitoids. We therefore infer the latter as a possible source of W‐rich fluids. The Badampahar Group samples exhibit little W isotope variability. A well‐resolved 182W deficit of −6.2 ± 2.9 ppm was determined in a single komatiite sample, which indicates an unknown fluid source, currently not represented in any other unit of the Singhbhum Craton.
Troposphere Sensing Using Grazing‐Angle GNSS‐R Measurement From LEO Satellites
Authors: Wang Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper studies a new concept of using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals coherently reflected over relatively smooth ocean and ice surfaces from very low elevation angles (below ∼8°) and received by low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to retrieve the tropospheric information. This approach can provide horizontal profiles of tropospheric zenith delay and total column water vapor (TCWV) with centimeter‐level high precision and spatial resolutions of tens of km by ∼1 km, depending on the elevation angle, with a sampling spacing of ∼100 m. This approach can potentially be applied to most sea ice and calm ocean areas and provide tropospheric sensing data, which can complement and augment existing observation systems. A few case studies are conducted in this paper using the Spire grazing‐angle GNSS‐R data. The retrieved TCWV is compared to ERA5 products and the Sentinel‐3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument measurements and shows promising performances. The errors associated with the GNSS‐R tropospheric measurements are also discussed.
Physical Insights From the Multidecadal Prediction of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability Using Explainable Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Glenn , Wang Peidong , Kwon Young‐Oh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNorth Atlantic sea surface temperatures (NASST), particularly in the subpolar region, are among the most predictable in the world's oceans. However, the relative importance of atmospheric and oceanic controls on their variability at multidecadal timescales remain uncertain. Neural networks (NNs) are trained to examine the relative importance of oceanic and atmospheric predictors in predicting the NASST state in the Community Earth System Model 1 (CESM1). In the presence of external forcings, oceanic predictors outperform atmospheric predictors, persistence, and random chance baselines out to 25‐year leadtimes. Layer‐wise relevance propagation is used to unveil the sources of predictability, and reveal that NNs consistently rely upon the Gulf Stream‐North Atlantic Current region for accurate predictions. Additionally, CESM1‐trained NNs successfully predict the phasing of multidecadal variability in an observational data set, suggesting consistency in physical processes driving NASST variability between CESM1 and observations.
Statistical Characteristics of Thunderstorm Activity in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin Based on a Five‐Year Cloud‐To‐Ground Lighting Data Set
Authors: Wei Qian , Sun Jianhua , Zhang Yuanchun , Liu Dongxia , Sun Zhuling , Liu Mingyuan , Ma Zheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing a clustering algorithm based on cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lighting data, 72,974 thunderstorms were identified and tracked in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin from May to September of 2016–2020. Thunderstorms predominantly occur in the southeast region and move to the northeast at a speed of 16–64 km/hr. Most thunderstorms have short durations (98.3%, ≤3 hr) and low CG flash frequencies (90.0%, ≤64). Thunderstorms with longer durations are mainly triggered near the mountains and tend to occur (end) earlier (later) in the afternoon (evening). The peak composite reflectivity (CR) corresponding to CG flashes from all thunderstorms is 50 dBZ. Approximately 70% (20%) of CG flashes occur in convective (stratiform) areas. The first CG flash of a thunderstorm tends to occur in convective areas with a higher CR than that of the last CG flash. The average and maximum CRs of CG flashes increase significantly with thunderstorm duration.
A Comparative Assessment of the Distribution of Joule Heating in Altitude as Estimated in TIE‐GCM and EISCAT Over One Solar Cycle
Authors: Baloukidis D. , Sarris T. , Tourgaidis S. , Pirnaris P. , Aikio A. , Virtanen I. , Buchert S. , Papadakis K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring geomagnetically active times, Joule (or frictional) heating in the Lower Thermosphere‐Ionosphere is a significant source of thermal energy, greatly affecting density, temperature, composition and circulation. At the same time, Joule heating and the associated Pedersen conductivity are amongst the least known parameters in the upper atmosphere in terms of their quantification and spatial distribution, and their parameterization by geomagnetic parameters shows large discrepancies between estimation methodologies, primarily due to a lack of comprehensive measurements in the region where they maximize. In this work we perform a long‐term statistical comparison of Joule heating as calculated by the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) and as obtained through radar measurements by the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT). Statistical estimates of Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity are obtained from a simulation run over the 11 year period spanning from 2009 until 2019 and from radar measurements over the same period, during times of radar measurements. The results are statistically compared in different Magnetic Local Time sectors and Kp level ranges in terms of median values and percentiles of altitude profiles. It is found that Joule heating and Pedersen conductivity are higher on average in TIE‐GCM than in EISCAT for low Kp and are lower than EISCAT for high Kp. It is also found that neutral winds cannot account for the discrepancies between TIE‐GCM and EISCAT. Comparisons point toward the need for a Kp‐dependent parameterization of Joule heating in TIE‐GCM to account for the contribution of small scale effects.
On the Constitutive Equations for Coupled Flow, Chemical Reaction, and Deformation of Porous Media
Authors: Yarushina Viktoriya M. , Podladchikov Yury Y. , Wang Hongliang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeformation, chemical reactions, fluid flow in geological formations, and many engineering materials are coupled processes. Most existing models of chemical reactions coupled with fluid transport assume the dissolution‐precipitation process or mineral growth in rocks. However, these models have limitations, such as predicting restricted reaction extent due to pore clogging or disregarding porosity changes resulting from mineral growth. Recent studies indicate mineral replacement involves coupled dissolution‐precipitation, maintaining porosity while altering the solid volume. This has multiple practical implications for natural geological processes and within petroleum and environmental engineering. We present a novel model for reaction‐driven mineral expansion that preserves porosity and allows solid volume change. First, we look at fluid‐rock interaction at the pore scale and derive effective rheology of a reacting porous media. On a larger scale, we adopt a two‐phase continuum medium approach to investigate the coupling between reaction, deformation, and fluid flow. Our micromechanical model based on observations assumes that rock or cement consists of an assembly of solid reactive grains, initially composed of a single, pure phase. The reaction occurs at the fluid‐solid contact and progresses into the solid grain material. We approximate the pores and surrounding solid material as an idealized cylindrical shell to simplify the problem and obtain tractable results. We derive macroscopic stress‐strain constitute laws that account for chemical alteration and viscoelastic deformation of porous rocks. Our model explains the possibility of achieving a complete reaction, preservation of porosity during chemical reactions, and dependence of mechanical rock properties on fluid chemistry.
The Heat and Carbon Characteristics of Modeled Mesoscale Eddies in the South–East Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Smith T. G. , Nicholson S.‐A. , Engelbrecht F. A. , Chang N. , Mongwe N. P. , Monteiro P. M. S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMesoscale eddies provide critical links between the atmosphere and the ocean interior modulating the exchanges of key climatic tracers across the air‐sea and mixed‐layer interface. Mesoscale eddies, widespread in the Southern Ocean, are unresolved by Earth System Models; to what extent they modify contemporary and future heat and CO2 uptake remains unknown. The missing contribution of mesoscale eddies and their effects on properties and fluxes of heat and CO2 are investigated in the South‐East Atlantic using a mesoscale resolving (1/12°) physical biogeochemical model. Unsupervised Self‐Organizing Maps are used to separate anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies into distinct sub‐categories based on spatial characteristics in relative vorticity. Thermal drivers dominated over non‐thermal on partial pressure of ocean CO2 (pCO2sw) leading to a weaker CO2 sink in anticyclonic eddies and a stronger CO2 sink in cyclonic eddies relative to the climatological mean. Magnitudes and depth extents of tracer anomalies scale with eddy size but are also dependent on background tracer gradients. Resolving only the largest (>50 km radii) eddies leads to underestimations in total magnitude of heat storage by 52% and 77%, and underestimations of 61% and 77% in dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) storage for anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies respectively. The inclusion of smaller eddy features (<50 km) also offsets the asymmetry in heat and CT storage between anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies. Resolving eddies explicitly or improvements in existing parameterizations that fail to sufficiently include eddy effects are crucial to improving estimates of heat and CO2.
A High Accuracy Spatial Reconstruction Method Based on Surface Theory for Regional Ionospheric TEC Prediction
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Yi‐ran , Shi Ya‐fei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to achieve more accurate spatial reconstruction of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and promote improved satellite positioning and ranging applications, a high accuracy spatial reconstruction (HASR) method for TEC is proposed based on the surface theory. The core theory of this method is as follows: (a) Any surface can be uniquely determined by its first and second fundamental quantities; (b) By direct difference approximation, differential equations are transformed into algebraic equations to solve Gauss equations faster. At the same time, taking parts of Europe as an example, the proposed HASR method is used to determine the correlation coefficients and the number of iterations of the model by using the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) as the evaluation criterion. The statistical results show that the TEC predicted by the HASR method is highly consistent with the actual observed values of ionospheric observation stations, and the prediction RRMSE is 9.75%. Compared with the Kriging interpolation with scale factor, the prediction accuracy of the HASR method is improved by 8.5%. We hope this method can provide ideas for the spatial reconstruction of other ionospheric parameters and further promote the realization of complete and accurate space weather forecast.
Radio Absorption in the Nightside Ionosphere of Mars During Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Harada Y. , Nakamura Y. , Sánchez‐Cano B. , Lester M. , Terada N. , Leblanc F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCharacterization, understanding, and prediction of the Martian radio environment are of increasing importance to the forthcoming human exploration of Mars. Here we investigate 3–5 MHz radio absorption in the nightside ionosphere of Mars caused by enhanced ionization at <100 km altitudes during solar energetic particle (SEP) events. We conduct a quantitative analysis of radio absorption and SEP flux data that have been accumulated by two spacecraft currently orbiting Mars, thereby demonstrating that radio absorption is clearly correlated with SEP fluxes. A comparison of the observations with radio absorption properties predicted by a numerical model indicates that the relative temporal changes, radio frequency dependence, and SEP energy dependence of the observed radio absorption are in agreement with the model prediction. Meanwhile, the model systematically overestimates the radio absorption in the ionosphere by a factor of 3.7. We explore several sources of uncertainty, including the electron‐neutral collision frequency, absolute sensitivity of the SEP instrument, and limited transport of SEPs to the atmosphere, but the ultimate cause of the systematic discrepancy between the measured and modeled radio absorption is yet to be identified. Further efforts should be put into the development of a comprehensive and observationally validated model of radio absorption in the Martian ionosphere to assist the future crew and spacecraft activities on the surface of Mars.
TAAR1 agonist ulotaront modulates striatal and hippocampal glutamate function in a state-dependent manner
Authors: Yang Sung M. , Ghoshal Ayan , Hubbard Jeffrey M. , Gackière Florian , Teyssié Romain , Neale Stuart A. , Hopkins Seth C. , Koblan Kenneth S. , Bristow Linda J. , Dedic Nina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAberrant dopaminergic and glutamatergic function, particularly within the striatum and hippocampus, has repeatedly been associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Supported by preclinical and recent clinical data, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonism has emerged as a potential new treatment approach for schizophrenia. While current evidence implicates TAAR1-mediated regulation of dopaminergic tone as the primary circuit mechanism, little is known about the effects of TAAR1 agonists on the glutamatergic system and excitation-inhibition balance. Here we assessed the impact of ulotaront (SEP-363856), a TAAR1 agonist in Phase III clinical development for schizophrenia, on glutamate function in the mouse striatum and hippocampus. Ulotaront reduced spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic transmission and neuronal firing in striatal and hippocampal brain slices, respectively. Interestingly, ulotaront potentiated electrically-evoked excitatory synaptic transmission in both brain regions, suggesting the ability to modulate glutamatergic signaling in a state-dependent manner. Similar striatal effects were also observed with the TAAR1 agonist, RO5166017. Furthermore, we show that ulotaront regulates excitation-inhibition balance in the striatum by specifically modulating glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, spontaneous synaptic events. These findings expand the mechanistic circuit hypothesis of ulotaront and TAAR1 agonists, which may be uniquely positioned to normalize both the excessive dopaminergic tone and regulate abnormal glutamatergic function associated with schizophrenia.
Shoreface erosion counters blue carbon accumulation in transgressive barrier-island systems
Authors: Barksdale Mary Bryan , Hein Christopher J. , Kirwan Matthew L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLandward migration of coastal ecosystems in response to sea-level rise is altering coastal carbon dynamics. Although such landscapes rapidly accumulate soil carbon, barrier-island migration jeopardizes long-term storage through burial and exposure of organic-rich backbarrier deposits along the lower beach and shoreface. Here, we quantify the carbon flux associated with the seaside erosion of backbarrier lagoon and peat deposits along the Virginia Atlantic Coast. Barrier transgression leads to the release of approximately 26.1 Gg of organic carbon annually. Recent (1994–2017 C.E.) erosion rates exceed annual soil carbon accumulation rates (1984–2020) in adjacent backbarrier ecosystems by approximately 30%. Additionally, shoreface erosion of thick lagoon sediments accounts for >80% of total carbon losses, despite containing lower carbon densities than overlying salt marsh peat. Together, these results emphasize the impermanence of carbon stored in coastal environments and suggest that existing landscape-scale carbon budgets may overstate the magnitude of the coastal carbon sink.
The global importance and interplay of colour-based protective and thermoregulatory functions in frogs
Authors: Laumeier Ricarda , Brändle Martin , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Brunzel Stefan , Brandl Roland , Pinkert Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSmall-scale studies have shown that colour lightness variation can have important physiological implications in ectotherms, with darker species having greater heating rates, as well as protection against pathogens and photooxidative damage. Using data for 41% (3059) of all known frog and toad species (Anura) from across the world, we reveal ubiquitous and strong clines of decreasing colour lightness towards colder regions and regions with higher pathogen pressure and UVB radiation. The relative importance of pathogen resistance is higher in the tropics and that of thermoregulation is higher in temperate regions. The results suggest that these functions influence colour lightness evolution in anurans and filtered for more similarly coloured species under climatic extremes, while their concurrent importance resulted in high within-assemblage variation in productive regions. Our findings indicate three important functions of colour lightness in anurans – thermoregulation, pathogen and UVB protection – and broaden support for colour lightness-environment relationships in ectotherms.