bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Factors are Contributing to Increasing Numbers of ‘Care Orders at Home’ in Northwest England?
Authors: Murphy Ciarán , Maguinness Noreen , Stathopoulos Eoanna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere is increasing understanding of the challenges associated with rising numbers of children entering England's public care system. Yet, commentators continue to overlook cases where children are ostensibly placed ‘in care’ of the local authority, but then simultaneously remain living at home with their parent(s)—a practice referred to as a ‘Care Order at home’. The purpose of this study was to look for evidence of increasing numbers of ‘Care Orders at home’ within northwest England, and to explore with frontline social workers what they considered to be contributing to this phenomenon. The study adopted an iterative mixed method design comprising of focus groups, online questionnaire, and individual interviews, supplemented by 57 ‘Freedom of Information’ requests. Findings highlighted a substantial increase in ‘Care Orders at home’ in northwest England since 2011 and identified the longstanding national government policy of ‘austerity’ and a ‘malfunctioning’ placement market as key factors contributing to this. Implications are of the importance of reinvestment in preventative services so as to reduce the demand on England's child protection system, and reappraisal, and reform of the children's social care placement market, so that the placement of children can be consistently based on the needs of the individual child.
Quantification of Lateralized Overgrowth and Genotype‐Driven Tissue Composition
Authors: Gazzin Andrea , Reynolds Giuseppe , Allegro Damiano , Rossi Davide , Sciandra Francesca , Afkhami Hirad Akberi , Cardaropoli Simona , Piglionica Marilidia , Resta Nicoletta , Di Stefano Marco , Mussa Alessandro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLateralized overgrowth (LO) is characterized by excessive growth of one side of the body compared to the other. LO can present as isolated (ILO) or within syndromes, like Beckwith‐Wiedemann Spectrum (BWSp) and PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Currently, the diagnosis of LO relies on clinical evaluation and lacks a standardized method. In this study, we evaluated total body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (TB‐DXA) as a potential tool for standardizing LO assessment. Patients with LO underwent both clinical evaluation and TB‐DXA. TB‐DXA data, including total mass, mass of the three main tissue components (adipose, muscle, and bone), total mass discrepancy ratio, relative tissue composition, and discrepancy of relative tissue composition were calculated and compared with clinical findings. Differences between affected regions and the contralateral side were assessed. A total of 46 patients (61% PROS, 24% BWSp, 15% ILO) were included in this study. TB‐DXA detected overgrowth regions aligned with clinical evaluation in 91% of cases and was able to identify localized overgrowth even when clinically overlooked. Additionally, TB‐DXA revealed differences in tissue composition between affected and unaffected regions for symmetrical body areas, with these differences varying by diagnostic subgroup. Different patterns of tissue composition overgrowth were observed among different conditions, with PROS predominantly showing adipose tissue overgrowth, while BWSp/ILO mainly osteo‐muscular overgrowth. TB‐DXA is an accurate, safe, and reproducible tool in the clinical setting providing an objective method for identifying and quantifying LO. It offers valuable guidance for clinicians in the diagnosis and management of LO.
‘How Does Living in Institution Impact Young Lives?’—Insights From Young People in Ci'aiyuan
Authors: Yin Shian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInstitutional care often carries a negative reputation due to its perceived adverse effects on children and young people. However, it remains a significant form of alternative care in China. In Xiangxi, childcare institutions, known as ci'aiyuan, have been further expanding by involving wider populations in recent years. However, little knowledge is known about this new practice. This study sought to explore lived experiences in one such institution by involving 14 young people who were 15–18 years old and lived in ci'aiyuan at the time of data collection. Through face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews, the findings revealed three overarching themes. Living in ci'aiyuan has impacted young lives through (i) providing more supportive relationships in their social networks, (ii) increasing their self‐perceived social support and (iii) facilitating positive life trajectory shifts for certain individuals. The findings present a softer and more compassionate aspect of institutional reality, even though this represents a minority experience, challenging the dominant criticisms typically directed at institutional care. However, this study maintains that continued efforts are needed to address the complexities and challenges associated with such care settings.
Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures Following Implant Placement With Simultaneous Horizontal Bone Augmentation
Authors: Braun Dorian , Chappuis Vivianne , Raabe Clemens , Suter Valerie G. A. , Fonseca Manrique , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of implant placement with simultaneous bone augmentation on patients' willingness to repeat the procedure. Secondary outcomes included assessing patient‐reported outcome measures, clinical‐ and surgical‐related factors affecting treatment outcomes.MethodsSubjects who were currently undergoing or have undergone implant placement with simultaneous bone augmentation in the esthetic region (maxillary second premolar to second premolar) were assigned to three groups: Group A (short‐term), Group B (1–5 years post‐surgery), and Group C (> 5 years post‐surgery). Clinical assessments, dichotomous questions, and visual analogue scales were used to evaluate therapeutic outcomes according to the group of interest.ResultsOne hundred and fifty patients completed the study (n = 50 per group). In Group A, 16% experienced wound dehiscence (membrane exposure < 3 mm), and 2% had postoperative bleeding, infection, swelling, or abscess. Flaps extending beyond three teeth significantly increased early membrane exposure (p = 0.04). Patient‐reported postoperative discomfort (p < 0.001) and wound healing scores (p < 0.04) decreased over time. Willingness to repeat the procedure was 100%, 88%, and 98% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, with satisfaction rates of 98.2 ± 7.5, 91.2 ± 10.6, and 95.2 ± 10.9. No significant differences were found between Groups B and C for functional or esthetic satisfaction. However, Group C reported higher satisfaction and comfort (p < 0.001). Younger adults and women reported greater postoperative discomfort than older adults and men.ConclusionsImplant placement with simultaneous horizontal bone augmentation in esthetic areas shows a high willingness of patients to repeat the procedure in the short‐, mid‐, and long‐term. Additionally, this therapeutic approach yields low rates of postoperative complications and discomfort, along with high patient satisfaction related to functional performance, esthetics, and overall comfort.
Anorectal prolapse after anorectal reconstruction: Incidence and risk factors according to the ARM‐Net Consortium
Authors: Stenström Pernilla , Maestri Francesca , Aminoff Dalia , de Blaauw Ivo , Ludwiczek Johanna , Midrio Paola , Prato Alessio Pini , Vilanova‐Sanchez Alejandra , Morandi Anna , van Rooij Iris ,   The ARM‐Net Consortium
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThere is a knowledge gap regarding which patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs) are at highest risk of anorectal prolapse (AP), and which risk factors predispose to AP in ARM. The aims of the study were to define the frequency of AP after ARM reconstruction, and explore risk factors.MethodData from the ARM‐Net registry inserted between 2007 and 2023 were used. Inclusion criteria were the reconstruction performed, no stoma at 1‐year follow‐up and all data available at 1‐year follow‐up. The statistics used were univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsAfter exclusions the incidence of AP was 163 in 1117 patients (14.6%) in data inserted by 31 centres from 12 countries. The AP incidence was unevenly distributed between the centres (interquartile range 6.3%–21.7%). AP was more frequent in boys than girls (20.9% vs. 8.1%; P < 0.001). In both sexes the incidence of AP was higher in complex ARM subtypes (P < 0.001). AP was most frequent after laparotomy‐ and laparoscopic‐assisted reconstructions (50.0% and 37.5%, respectively). Spinal and sacral anomalies constituted risk factors for AP in univariable analyses, while tethered cord did not. Adjusted risk factors for AP were severity of ARM subtype (40% in long‐channel cloaca and bladder neck fistula, OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.0–10.2), laparotomy‐assisted posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (50%, OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6–8.4) and larger neo‐anus at 1‐year follow‐up (Hegar 13.6 vs. 13.1; OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4). Constipation was not a risk factor for AP.ConclusionAnorectal prolapse is a frequent postoperative sequela. Adjusted analyses indicate that severity of ARM, abdominal open access during reconstruction and larger size of anus are risk factors.
Oral TIX100 protects against obesity‐associated glucose intolerance and diet‐induced adiposity
Authors: Jo SeongHo , Jing Gu , Chen Junqin , Xu Guanlan , Shalev Anath 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsGlucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and dual agonists have changed the treatment landscape of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but significant limitations have emerged due to their gastrointestinal side effects, loss of lean mass, and necessity for ongoing subcutaneous injections. Our objective was, therefore, to test a novel small molecule as a different and potentially better tolerated oral medications to improve obesity‐associated impairment in glucose homeostasis.Materials and MethodsHigh‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice or severely obese, leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice were randomly assigned to serve as controls or receive oral TIX100, a novel thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibitor just approved by the FDA as an investigational new drug for type 1 diabetes (T1D). The TIX100 effects on glucose intolerance and weight control were then assessed.ResultsTIX100 protected against HFD‐induced glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia. TIX100 also reduced diet‐induced adiposity resulting in 15% lower weight in treated mice as compared with controls on HFD (p <0.05), while preserving lean mass. Even though the TIX100 weight effects were lost in ob/ob mice, TIX100 improved glucose control leading to a dramatic 2.3% reduction in HbA1C (p <0.05), independent of any weight loss. This is consistent with the beneficial effects of TIX100 in non‐obese diabetes models and its protection against elevated TXNIP and islet cell stress common to all diabetes types.ConclusionsThus, TIX100 may provide a novel, oral therapy for T2D that targets underlying disease pathology including islet cell dysfunction and hyperglucagonemia and promotes metabolic health and weight control without aggressive weight loss.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 predicts incident diabetic kidney disease: A 4.6‐year prospective study
Authors: Liu Dan , Yu Shujie , Zhang Ying , Li Qian , Kang Piao , Wang Lihong , Han Rui , Cheng Di , Chen Anran , Hou Xuhong , Wu Liang , Zang Shufei , Fang Qichen , Jia Weiping , Li Huating 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsFibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a bone‐derived phosphaturic hormone that participates in the regulation of mineral metabolism and the development of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between FGF23 and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in a community‐based prospective cohort.Materials and MethodsOf 7230 individuals who completed a 4.6‐year follow‐up survey, 1614 individuals with diabetes at baseline were included in this study. Baseline serum FGF23 levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple and ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictive performance of baseline FGF23 for incident DKD.ResultsBaseline serum FGF23 levels exhibited an earlier elevation in the course of DKD and a gradual increase with the progressive stages of DKD (p < 0.05), while no statistical changes were observed in serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Over a 4.6‐year follow‐up, 198 individuals with diabetes developed incident DKD. Baseline FGF23 was significantly associated with the incidence of DKD (odds ratio 1.290 [95% CI 1.063, 1.565]) after adjusting for conventional DKD risk factors, especially in individuals with lower body mass index (<24 kg/m2), worse glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥7%), and shorter duration of diabetes (<5 years). Moreover, FGF23 models exhibited great performances in DKD risk prediction and yielded increments compared to traditional DKD risk factors (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum FGF23 level increased at early stages of DKD, and it was an independent predictor of incident DKD, suggesting its potential for early identification of individuals at risk.
Risk factors of dementia in a cohort of individuals with mild cognitive impairment in the Italian Interceptor project
Authors: Carrarini Claudia , Caraglia Naike , Quaranta Davide , Vecchio Fabrizio , Miraglia Francesca , Giuffrè Guido Maria , Pappalettera Chiara , Cacciotti Alessia , Nucci Lorenzo , Vanacore Nicola , Redolfi Alberto , Perani Daniela , Spadin Patrizia , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Cotelli Maria , Cappa Stefano , Marra Camillo , Rossini Paolo M. ,   the Interceptor Network
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe Italian Interceptor project is aimed at identifying a prodromal dementia phase and developing a nationwide organizational model. This study compares the sociodemographic and neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment non‐converters (MCI‐NC) and MCI‐converters (MCI‐C) to dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), enrolled during the Interceptor project.MethodsSociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychological data of MCI individuals were collected at baseline (December 2018 to October 2020) and every six‐month follow‐up visit for 3 years. Logistic regression and Random Forest classifier were used to describe the study population.ResultsFrom 356 participants, 104 were MCI‐C, whereas 252 were MCI‐NC. Compared to MCI‐NC, MCI‐C were predominantly female (p = 0.020), older (p < 0.001), and more cognitively impaired (p < 0.001). Higher physical activity was protective for progression (p < 0.001), but no difference was observed for smoking exposure (p = 0.312) between the two groups. Similar results were found for AD individuals compared to MCI‐C/non‐AD. The ROC curve based on a Random Forest classifier distinguishing MCI‐C from MCI‐NC showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7347.ConclusionsOur findings confirm previous evidence in literature and may increase the insight on dementia pathology and help in defining intervention strategies to prevent or slow down disease progression.
De‐Escalation of Disease‐Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis—A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Elberling Frederik , Mahler Mie Reith , Pontieri Luigi , Sellebjerg Finn , Magyari Melinda ,   for the DMSG Study Group
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveHigh‐efficacy (HE) disease‐modifying therapies (DMT) are increasingly used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Concerns arise when considering the decreasing efficacy and increasing risk of adverse events in aging patients. We aimed to describe disease activity and treatment trajectories in patients with MS who de‐escalated from an HE DMT to an moderate‐efficacy (ME) DMT.MethodsWe performed a cohort study based on data from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry (DMSR) including patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), who switched from an HE DMT to an ME DMT as defined by Danish authorities. We included patients from October 2007 to July 2023. Median follow‐up time was 0.8 years (IQR 0.3–2.5).ResultsIn total 333 patients (76.0% females, mean age: 45.1 years) de‐escalated for various reasons. Most patients de‐escalated from natalizumab or fingolimod (43.8% and 42.0%, respectively) to dimethyl fumarate (47.5%). At 2 years after de‐escalation, the cumulative risk of relapse was 38% (95% CI 31–44) and 53% (95% CI 46–60) for inflammatory disease activity (relapses and/or radiological disease activity). Age (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98) and inflammatory disease activity prior to de‐escalation (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.45–2.91) were associated with inflammatory disease activity post de‐escalation.DiscussionDe‐escalation from primarily natalizumab and fingolimod did not effectively ensure disease stability in this cohort. Younger age and inflammatory disease activity prior to de‐escalation were risk factors for inflammatory disease activity post de‐escalation, which can help guide future studies on de‐escalation.
“An inner core feeling”?: Nationalism, Western capitalism, and Bengali women's class‐based mothering ideologies
Authors: Datta Heeya , Becker Sarah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveWe analyze motherhood identities among middle‐ and working‐class women in urban Bengal.BackgroundWesternized societies encourage women to pursue careers and childrearing. Researchers examine this tension in diverse Western contexts and the Indian middle class. We add to existing work by comparing Indian women's motherhood ideologies across social class.MethodsWe use in‐depth qualitative interviews with mothers in structured (i.e., middle‐class) and unstructured (i.e., working‐class) economic sectors.ResultsEconomically privileged mothers diminished the importance of paid work and emphasized Western mothering strategies. Mothers in unstructured sectors drew on nation‐building rhetoric to construct socially valued mothering identities.ConclusionsMainstream mothering approaches (i.e., popular images of childrearing by upper‐class women) benefit patriarchal capitalist social structures by encouraging women to work for pay and take primary responsibility for home and family. Mothers' social class and status positions in historical and societal context(s) influence the tools (i.e., forms of capital) they have available to parent their children and construct valued mothering identities.ImplicationsStrategies marginalized mothers use to construct mothering identities when faced with dominant exclusionary narratives of a “good mother” can be understood and used strategically. Embracing ideologies that allow women to maintain integrity in the face of stigmatization has transformative potential for policymaking and service provision.
Effects of Temperature and Microstructure on Short Crack Growth of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ni‐Based Superalloy
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Yonghua , Shi Tao , Wang Zibiao , Liu Wenqi , Fu Qiang , Wu Changbo , Qian Guian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper utilized an in‐situ electron microscopy technique along with high‐temperature fatigue tests conducted at 298, 573, and 923 K to observe the initiation and propagation of short fatigue cracks (SFC) in the nickel‐based superalloy GH4169 and to examine changes in grain boundaries. The study examined how temperature and local microstructure affect the growth behavior of SFC in GH4169, which was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The growth rate of SFC increased with higher temperature and stress amplitude, while the GH4169 alloy exhibited a combination of intergranular and transgranular fractures. Using the modified Paris model, the SFC growth model with Young's modulus (E) as an independent variable successfully predicted the crack propagation rate under various temperature loading conditions.
The Influence of Occupational Licensing on Workforce Transitions to Retirement
Authors: Oh Yun taek , Kleiner Morris M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWays of leaving the labor force have been an understudied aspect of labor market outcomes. Labor market institutions such as occupational licensing may influence how individuals transition to retirement. When and how workers transition from career jobs to full retirement may contribute to pre‐ and post‐retirement well‐being. Previous investigations of retirement pathways focused on the patterns and outcomes of retirement transitions, yet the influence of occupational licensing on retirement transition has not been analyzed. In this study, we use the Current Population Survey to investigate how occupational licensing influences American later‐career workers' choice of retirement pathways. Our results show that older licensed workers are less likely to choose to make career transitions but more likely to reduce work hours in transitioning out of the labor force. These results are consistent with the findings that licensed workers receive more benefits in the form of preferable retirement options, suggesting that these workers tend to have higher wages, benefits, and flexibility even toward the end of their careers.
Advanced Practice Nurses' Roles and Responsibilities in Advance Care Planning for Older Persons—A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Pedersen Jan Eilert , Eide Hilde , Sandsleth Marit Gjone , Taylor Ingrid , Førsund Linn Hege 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo systematically identify, evaluate and synthesise the research literature about (a) the roles and responsibilities of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in the context of advance care planning (ACP) for older persons, (b) the characteristics of APNs' ACP practices and (c) the facilitators and barriers influencing APNs' involvement in ACP.DesignMixed‐methods systematic review.MethodsFollowed the mixed methods systematic review guidelines outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Three researchers independently screened studies for eligibility using the Covidence Screening Application. The screening involved two stages: titles and abstracts, followed by full‐text evaluation. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for quality assessment. A convergent integrated synthesis combined quantitative and qualitative data by ‘qualitising’ quantitative findings into text, enabling integration and thematic analysis to synthesise the results.Data SourcesMedline, CINAHL and Embase were searched from 2012 to 2024 for original research in English, focusing on APNs involved in ACP for individuals aged 65 or older, using qualitative, quantitative or mixed method designs.ResultsThe review included 19 studies: seven qualitative, nine quantitative and three mixed method designs. Thematic analysis revealed that APNs play a key role in ACP, aligning care with patient preferences through discussions and documentation. Studies from the United States (12), United Kingdom (4), Canada (2) and Australia (1) show varying APN roles and responsibilities.ConclusionAPNs are crucial to ACP, but barriers limit their impact. Overcoming these is key to improving outcomes.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareAPNs clinical expertise and close patient relationships are crucial for aligning care with patient preferences and needs in ACP. However, to fully maximise their contribution, it is essential to overcome barriers such as time constraints, lack of role recognition and insufficient training. Addressing these challenges will enhance the effectiveness of APNs in providing person‐centred care.Reporting MethodThis review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.