bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FFT‐Based Phase‐Field Fracture Modeling of Periodic Inhomogeneous Microstructures
Authors: Schneider Tom , Kästner Markus 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe failure of inhomogeneous microstructures is of increasing relevance, driven by the future need for tailored materials and the significant influence of microstructure on macroscopic properties. The phase‐field method for fracture has proven to be a versatile tool for predicting unknown crack paths and failure mechanisms. In this contribution, we propose a phase‐field model for fracture of periodic heterogeneous microstructures in a general finite strain setting. To overcome the bottleneck of scalability, we employ powerful and scalable solvers based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). We demonstrate the capability of the model using the fundamental example of brittle fracture. A thorough comparison with conventional finite element method (FEM) reference results is carried out using a simple reference geometry. The results obtained show quantitative agreement between both numerical methods. Parameter studies provide recommendations for the choice of the numerical parameters. Following the comparison, we apply the FFT‐based method to synthetic inhomogeneous microstructures, with a special emphasis of the investigation on scalability with increasing degrees of freedom and robustness of the method. The results of 2D and 3D simulations are promising, paving the way for future extensions in inverse materials design, for example, for metallic microstructures.
Women's Menopausal Experiences in the UK: A Systemic Literature Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Anto Ailin , Basu Arunima , Selim Rania , Eisingerich Andreas B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMenopause, defined as the cessation of periods for over 12 months, can have a profound impact on women in numerous ways. Understanding women's experiences of menopause can lead to improved care and support during this transformative period.ObjectivesThe objective of this systematic review is to identify and summarise published qualitative studies that consider the lived experiences of women with menopause in the UK and to serve as a basis for future research in the field of menopause.Search StrategyEMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched initially in March, and then updated in April 2024.Inclusion CriteriaPeer‐reviewed papers with full text available in English, focused on women experiencing menopause in the UK, studies published from January 2000 to April 2024, qualitative or mixed methods study design with qualitative analysis.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo authors independently performed title and abstract screening for eligibility. Conflicting opinions were resolved with a third author. Reviewers familiarised themselves with the data and coded the text line by line. Thematic analysis was utilised to place the codes into broader themes. All studies were assessed using an appropriate quality assessment tool.Main ResultsThirty‐two studies were included in the review with 3462 participants involved. 173 primary codes were extracted and organised into subthemes and 3 overarching themes. These key themes were the biopsychosocial dimensions of menopause, understanding of menopause and strategies to manage menopause.DiscussionMenopausal experiences documented in the literature are shaped by a range of individual and societal factors. While initiatives to support menopausal women are in place, this review also identifies key knowledge gaps and marginalised groups that would benefit from targeted research and interventions. It emphasises that menopause is not merely a collection of symptoms, but, for many, a pivotal life transition. A deeper understanding of these experiences allows us to more effectively support women through this significant phase of life.ConclusionsThis review concluded that the menopausal experience extends beyond physical symptoms, also affecting mental health, personal and professional life, and self‐identity. Additionally, menopause is shaped by individual life experiences and various personal factors.Patient or Public ContributionsThe studies analysed in this review contain original data from women in the UK undergoing menopause. The qualitative data delves into their experiences with symptoms, accessing various sources of support from NHS and non‐NHS sources as well as alternative therapies.
Childhood obesity trajectories and adolescent mental health: A UK cohort study
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , Daly Michael , Robinson Eric 
Published: January 2025

SummaryBackgroundThere is limited evidence on how changes in obesity from childhood to adolescence are associated with adolescent mental health. We examined the associations between childhood obesity trajectories, obesity episodes, and mental health at age 17.MethodsData were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Obesity trajectory groups at ages 7 and 17 (n = 8306) and previous obesity episodes (number of sweeps with obesity) at ages 7, 11 and 14 (n = 7246) were examined. Caregiver and self‐reported internalising and externalising symptoms at age 17 were used to measure mental health. Linear regression models were used.ResultsRelative to never developing obesity, obesity development (β = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.71, 1.32) and persistence (β = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.74, 1.61) were associated with higher internalising symptoms at age 17 and worsening (increase in scores) of these symptoms between ages 7 and 17 (β = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.57, 1.17 and β = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.56, 1.26 for development and persistence, respectively). Obesity development was associated with higher externalising symptoms at age 17 (β = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.80) and worsening of these symptoms over time (β = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.53). Having multiple past obesity episodes was not associated with worsening mental health independent of follow‐up weight status. There were no differences in mental health outcomes between children who reversed versus never developed obesity.ConclusionsObesity development or persistence from ages 7 to 17 are associated with worsening mental health. If childhood obesity is reversed, there appears to be no evidence of a negative association between previous obesity and mental health at age 17.
Promoting Personal Recovery Within Psychiatric Inpatient Care—Nurses' Experiences
Authors: Hallberg Patrick , Graneheim Ulla Hällgren , Olsson‐Tall Maivor 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo meet the aim of synthesising research on nurses' experiences of promoting personal recovery within psychiatric inpatient care, meta ethnography according to Noblit and Hare has been chosen as the method, which is a qualitative review of scientific literature that results in a synthesis. The focus is on interpretation and is expressed to be able to reduce a story, but at the same time keep what is unique using metaphors. Nine articles formed the basis of the synthesis. The analysis resulted in two levels of synthesis. The first level involved the translation of metaphors into one another, which proceeded in two directions, described as two principal headings. The second level produced five overarching metaphors. The first principal heading is that ‘erected walls in psychiatric inpatient care impedes personal recovery.’ It encompasses the overarching metaphors ‘cultivating in exhausted soil’ and ‘nurses are gatekeeping watchdogs’. The second principal heading is ‘torn‐down walls in psychiatric inpatient care enable personal recovery’. It encompasses the overarching metaphors ‘disarming and de‐escalating’, ‘facing suffering together reveals treasures’ and ‘elevating the competent partner promotes recovery’. Conclusively, if the nurse is to be able to promote personal recovery in psychiatric inpatient care, bridges of cooperation and consensus need to be built to other professions in care. Otherwise, the obstacles to promoting personal recovery will be far too hard to overcome.
Understanding Perinatal Mental Health: A Systems Science Approach to Identify Common Drivers and Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: O'Halloran Siobhan A. , Cusworth Rachael , Sunder Priya , Alston Laura , Vasilevski Vidanka , Dawson Samantha L. , Sweet Linda , Chapman Anna , Vuillermin Peter , Sominsky Luba ,   Pregnancy Research and Translation Ecosystem Investigator Group
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPNDA are complex health conditions affecting up to one in five women. The causes of PNDA are not well understood and no proven prevention exists. This study aimed: (1) to understand health professionals' perspectives of the common drivers contributing to PNDA amongst women from regional and rural areas in Australia; (2) to identify clinical practice related to PNDA‐associated challenges; (3) to identify and inform areas for intervention. We conducted four online Group Model Building (GMB) workshops with health professionals from the southwest of Victoria, Australia. Informed by local data, participants built a model that progressed from connection circles to causal loop diagrams (CLD) to capture a shared understanding of the key drivers of PNDA rates within the region. The CLD was thematically analysed and common drivers were grouped. The GMB transcripts were thematically analysed inductively identifying emergent themes about PNDA drivers and intervention ideas. The CLD revealed 28 drivers and four key themes that stakeholders perceived to be driving the increasing rates of PNDA. An additional three major themes were identified from the GMB transcripts: (1) Social determinants of women's health; (2) Health system issues; (3) Negative birth experiences. Three key intervention themes were proposed, to improve collaboration between health services and departments, increase training availability, and increase continuity of care. Our findings suggest that dedicated training and pathways for collaboration between large regional and smaller rural services are necessary to address the rising rates of PNDA in the region.
Pregnancy, Gender Identity, Autonomy, and Trust
Authors: Mullin Amy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTI ask what is required for pregnant trans and gender diverse (TGD) people to receive trustworthy reproductive healthcare which supports their autonomy. My focus is on wanted pregnancies. I understand interpersonal trust as a positive attitude towards the competence and motivation or commitment of a person trusted in a particular role, such as a healthcare professional, and autonomy as self‐governance shaped by what one cares about. I conceive of autonomy as relational and potentially enhanced or damaged by social interactions. I argue that mainstream bioethical conceptions of autonomy can accommodate my claims about how the autonomy of pregnant TGD persons can be diminished or supported, especially in relation to trust. I argue that support for the autonomy of pregnant TGD persons requires acknowledgement and understanding of their gender identity and when it is not relevant to their healthcare. My discussion has implications for whether morality requires us to affirm trans identities and what this means in healthcare. I conclude with remarks about what else we can learn by centering the experiences of pregnant TGD persons.
Risk factors of ventilator‐associated events in patients on mechanical ventilation: A scoping review
Authors: Rahmawati Evy Dwi , Ramadhani Dian Rizki , Pakalessy Afrianti , Setiyarini Sri 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundVentilator‐associated events (VAE) are associated with higher mortality rates. Understanding the risk factors for VAE provides preventive strategies for reducing them. Several studies have been conducted on VAE risk factors. However, the findings were inconsistent.AimThis scoping review aimed to explore the existing evidence on risk factors of VAEs in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Study DesignSearches were performed across eight databases including Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, BMJ, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis and Ebsco from 26 March to 5 April 2024, complemented by backward and forward citation tracking—eligible studies criteria: participants aged 18 years and older reporting on VAE risk factors. The publication must have occurred between 2013 and 2024, be available as full text and be written in English. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed.ResultsForty‐four risk factors were identified. Decreased level of consciousness, chronic lung diseases, invasive operation, duration of MV, trauma, fluid overload, reintubation, enteral feeding, administration of sedation and stress ulcer prophylaxis were the most frequently reported risk factors for VAE.ConclusionsThis review identified several potential risk factors for VAE; some factors have varying results or lack evidence. Further research is needed to confirm the role of these factors in reducing VAE or to clarify inconsistent findings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThese findings provide information on the risk factors for VAE. Nurses must identify the presence of these risk factors in all adult ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and manage them to prevent the occurrence of VAE.
ZmNPF7.10 confers potassium and nitrogen distribution from node to leaf in maize
Authors: Hu Yingying , Zhang Man , Wang Kangqi , Tan Peipei , Jing Si , Han Wu , Wang Shuwei , Zhang Kaina , Zhao Xiaoming , Yang Xiaohong , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2025

Summary
In graminaceous plants, nodes play vital roles in nutrient allocation, especially for preferential nutrient distribution to developing leaves and reproductive organs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this distribution remain poorly understood.
In this study, we identified a transporter named ZmNPF7.10 that is involved in potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) distribution in maize nodes. In Xenopus oocytes, ZmNPF7.10 showed NO3− and K+ transport activity in a pH‐dependent manner. ZmNPF7.10 is predominantly expressed in the nodes at the reproductive growth stage, and preferentially expressed in the xylem parenchyma cells of enlarged vascular bundles (EVBs) in nodes. Disruption of ZmNPF7.10 resulted in the decline of K and N in leaves, but accumulation of K and N in nodes, suggesting ZmNPF7.10 conducts K and N distribution from nodes to leaves in maize.
We identified a natural variant of 7.1‐kb InDel in the promoter region that was significantly associated with ZmNPF7.10 transcript level in nodes, leaf K and N concentration, as well as grain yield.
These findings demonstrate that ZmNPF7.10 functions as a dual role transporter that mediates K and N distribution in nodes. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms of nutrient distribution in maize.
Phylogenetic and biochemical drivers of plant species variation in organic compound hydrogen stable isotopes: novel mechanistic constraints
Authors: Baan Jochem , Holloway‐Phillips Meisha , Nelson Daniel B. , de Vos Jurriaan M. , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Significant variation in plant organic compound hydrogen stable isotope (δ2H) values among species from a single location suggests species biochemistry diversity as a key driver. However, the biochemical mechanisms and the biological relevance behind this species‐specific δ2H variation remain unclear.
We analyzed δ2H values of cellulose and n‐alkanes across 179 eudicot species in a botanical garden sampled in 2019, and cellulose, n‐alkanes, fatty acids and phytol δ2H values from 56 eudicot species sampled in 2020. We utilized the observed species variation in δ2H values to determine phylogenetic structure and mechanistic constraints for biochemical 2H‐fractionation.
A strong phylogenetic signal in lipid compound δ2H values implies that the drivers of species variation in lipid δ2H values are evolutionarily conserved. By contrast, species variation in cellulose δ2H values was not strongly linked to phylogeny. Generally low‐explanatory power of relationships between δ2H values of different compounds (R2 < 0.26) implies nonubiquitous drivers of species variation in plant organic compound δ2H values.
Historically, variable biochemical 2H‐fractionation was often attributed to δ2H values of H incorporated from NADPH. Instead, the results from this study suggest that species variation in biochemical 2H‐fractionation largely occurs independently within biosynthetic pathways. For lipids, these mechanisms appear strongly linked to evolutionary history.
Two tandem R2R3 MYB transcription factor genes cooperatively regulate anthocyanin accumulation in potato tuber flesh
Authors: Du Hui , Zhai Zefeng , Pu Jin , Liang Jun , Wang Rongyan , Zhang Zhong , Wang Pei , Zhu Yanhui , Huang Lian , Li Dawei , Chen Kaiyuan , Zhu Guangtao , Zhang Chunzhi 
Published: January 2025

SummaryAnthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation determines the colour of tuber flesh in potato (Solanum tuberosum) and influences nutritional quality. However, the regulatory mechanism behind anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tuber flesh remains unclear. In this study, we identified the Pigmented tuber flesh (Pf) locus through a genome‐wide association study using 135 diploid potato landraces. Genome editing of two tandem R2R3 MYB transcription factor genes, StMYB200 and StMYB210, within the Pf locus demonstrated that both genes are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in tuber flesh. Molecular and biochemical assays revealed that StMYB200 promotes StMYB210 transcription by directly binding to a 1.7‐kb insertion present in the StMYB210 promoter, while StMYB210 also regulates its own expression. Furthermore, StMYB200 and StMYB210 both activated the expression of the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor gene StbHLH1 and interacted with StbHLH1 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. An analysis of the StMYB210 promoter in different diploid potato accessions showed that the 1.7‐kb insertion is associated with flesh colour in potato. These findings reveal the genetic and molecular mechanism by which the Pf locus regulates anthocyanin accumulation in tuber flesh and provide an important reference for breeding new potato varieties with colourful flesh.
Cicatricial Alopecia in the Pediatric Population: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Carmichael Anna R. , Larrondo Jorge , Heath Candrice , Srivastava Radhika , Souza Brianna De , Obeime Ivie , McMichael Amy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis case series and literature review highlights the prevalence of scarring hair loss in children. A retrospective review of 29 pediatric cases from centers in the USA and Chile showed that primary cicatricial alopecia was more common, with lichen planopilaris and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia being the most frequent diagnoses. Early detection in children is essential to reduce progressive scarring.
Distribution of early-branching Cyanobacteriia and the potential habitats that gave rise to the earliest oxygenic phototrophs
Authors: Grettenberger Christen , Gold David A. , Brown C. Titus 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis in the Cyanobacteria was one of the most transformative events in Earth history, eventually leading to the oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere. However, it is difficult to understand how the earliest Cyanobacteria functioned or evolved on early Earth in part because we do not understand their ecology, including the environments in which they lived. Here, we use a cutting-edge bioinformatics tool to survey nearly 500,000 metagenomes for relatives of the taxa that likely bookended the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis to identify the modern environments in which these organisms live. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that the common ancestors of these organisms lived in terrestrial (soil and/or freshwater) environments. This restricted distribution may have increased the lag between the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis and the oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere.

IMPORTANCE
Cyanobacteria generate oxygen as part of their metabolism and are responsible for the rise of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere over two billion years ago. However, we do not know how long this process may have taken. To help constrain how long this process would have taken, it is necessary to understand where the earliest Cyanobacteria may have lived. Here, we use a cutting-edge bioinformatics tool called branch water to examine the environments where modern Cyanobacteria and their relatives live to constrain those inhabited by the earliest Cyanobacteria. We find that these species likely lived in non-marine environments. This indicates that the rise of oxygen may have taken longer than previously believed.
Ten proposed measures to improve vaccination: Health care providers’ perspectives on promoting the vaccination intake of children with special healthcare needs in China
Authors: Feng Tianxing , Chen Meiyi , Zhao Xuran , Wang Xiangshi , Ge Yanling , Wang Zhonglin , Guo Xiang , Huang Zhuoying , Zeng Mei 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionChildren with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) often experience vaccination delays or missed vaccines in China. The coverage rate of the age-appropriate National Immunisation Programme vaccine was suboptimal. This study aimed to explore attitudes, behaviours, and suggestions regarding the improvement of routine vaccination services for CSHCN among healthcare providers.MethodsThis study conducted local, cross-sectional interviews involving vaccination services for CSHCN. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit interviewees including primary care providers, paediatricians and immunisation programme administrators. The interview guide explored attitudes towards and suggestions for establishing immunisation advisory clinics and referral networks, updating immunisation guidance documents and vaccine package inserts and strengthening the education of vaccination providers.Results21 representative healthcare providers were interviewed. 10 measures were proposed to promote routine immunisation for children with special needs: (1) using immunisation advisory clinics to provide vaccination services for CSHCN; (2) establishing a referral network and specifying which cases necessitate referral to advisory clinics; (3) using an interconnected information system to identify, document and follow-up the CSHCN; (4) supporting high-quality clinical research to update immunisation protocols; (5) providing clear and definite immunisation recommendations to parents of eligible CSHCN; (6) seeking immunisation advice from specialised professionals to enhance primary care capability; (7) creating quality improvement programmes; (8) considering immunisation status a mandatory assessment during specialist visits; (9) supporting off-label use of vaccines legally and (10) encouraging pharmaceutical companies to update vaccine package inserts.ConclusionVaccine uptake among CSHCN in China is suboptimal, highlighting the need for a referral network and a standard immunisation protocol. The National Immunisation Programme should develop clear recommendations and an education programme for regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to train local providers. A quality assurance and improvement programme, along with regular feedback, is essential to ensure CSHCN receive necessary vaccinations and protection against infectious diseases.