bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counting the cost of hospitalised injury using administrative data in Australia: three considerations from a retrospective cohort data linkage study
Authors: Afoakwah Clifford , Warren Jacelle , McCreanor Victoria , Banu Shahera , Schuetz Michael , McPhail Steven M , Vallmuur Kirsten 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo examine the relative differences in injury hospitalisation cost estimates from hospital administrative data when using (1) hospital reimbursement based on National Efficient Price (NEP) versus local hospital costings methods, (2) inflation factors based on Consumer Price Index (CPI) versus health group index and (3) different healthcare funder’s perspectives.DesignRetrospective population-based cohort study of linked Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection dataset and National Hospital Cost Data Collection data.SettingAll admitted injury-related care episodes occurring within a major trauma hospital in Queensland during 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017.Outcome measureTotal in-patient hospitalisation cost associated with an episode of care.ResultsInjury without catastrophic/severe complications or comorbidities was the most frequently occurring Australian Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups (AR-DRG) over the 6-year period, while rehabilitation with catastrophic complications or comorbidities was the most expensive ($37 938, 95% CI $36 067 to $39 809). Among the top 10 AR-DRGs, seven had NEP-based cost estimates substantially higher than the hospital-reported costs, with differences varying between 2.6% and 43.0%. CPI-inflated costs were significantly lower than health group index-inflated estimates, with observed differences between 7.7% (95% CI 6.9% to 8.7%) and 11.9% (95% CI 10.8% to 13.1%) for the same AR-DRG. Finally, cost estimates were significantly higher for care funded by private health insurers compared with care funded by either the public insurer or compulsory third-party injury insurers, with differences varying significantly between 8.4% (95% CI 7.2% to 30.1%) and 55.0% (95% CI 53.3% to 56.9%) for the same AR-DRG. Care funded by compulsory third-party injury insurers, however, incurred the highest cost for the most expensive AR-DRGs.ConclusionThere were considerable discrepancies in cost estimates for common injury-related hospitalisations depending on type of costing method used, inflation metrics applied and healthcare funder’s perspective adopted. These factors need to be considered when evaluating hospital cost in Australia’s health system using administrative data.
Using Days Alive and Out of Hospital to measure inequities and explore pathways through which inequities emerge after coronary artery bypass grafting in Aotearoa New Zealand: a secondary data analysis using a retrospective cohort
Authors: Boyle Luke , Curtis Elana , Paine Sarah-Jane , Tamatea Jade , Lumley Thomas , Merry Alan Forbes 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo describe the use of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) as a sensitive measure of equity of outcomes after surgery by comparing outcomes after a coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) operation between Māori and non-Māori patients in Aotearoa New Zealand.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe calculated unadjusted and risk-adjusted DAOH scores at three time points (30, 90 and 365 days) and compare values between Māori and non-Māori using data from the New Zealand Ministry of Health (MoH) over a 9 year period. To assess the impact of different risk factors on differences in outcome, we risk-adjust for multiple factors individually and collectively, to begin to elucidate possible pathways for equity gaps.ResultsAfter our comparisons, Māori patients experienced fewer unadjusted DAOH90at seven out of nine deciles. After risk-adjustment, the differences ranged from 8 days to 0 days when considering different risk factors. The equity gap was widest at the lower deciles and was most reduced after adjusting for the Measuring Multi Morbidity (M3) score. The equity gap widened as the time period extended from 30 to 90 to 365 days.ConclusionMāori patients who underwent a CABG operation experienced fewer DAOH than non-Māori patients even after adjusting for multiple possible explanatory variables, and this difference increased over time postoperatively. Importantly, our results illustrate the value of DAOH as a sophisticated outcome metric that can reflect the complex and accumulative impacts of disadvantage and discrimination faced by Indigenous peoples both here in New Zealand and worldwide. It has considerable potential to increase our understanding of how and where inequities arise on the entire patient journey.
Comparison of glycosylated fibronectin versus soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase/placental growth factor ratio testing for the assessment of pre-eclampsia: protocol for a multicentre diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Elbarbary Nouran , Wang Chao , Ganapathy Ramesh , Green Marcus , Fisher Sarah , Thilaganathan Basky , Bhide Amarnath 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPre-eclampsia is a condition associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The prediction of pre-eclampsia in high-risk populations using angiogenic markers, such as serum placental growth factor (PlGF) assessment, has been shown to improve maternal outcomes and is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). However, such tests are not yet available at the point of care (POC). Glycosylated fibronectin (GlyFn) level for the prediction of pre-eclampsia development is available as a POC test (Lumella) and has the potential to aid rapid clinical decision making. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the GlyFn test is not inferior to that of the current gold standard of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt)/PlGF-based laboratory testing for pre-eclampsia.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre prospective study. Women at risk for pre-eclampsia based on predefined clinical and/or obstetric risk factors will be invited to participate in the study. The recruitment target is 400 participants. Consenting participants will have paired samples for sFlt/PlGF together with POC GlyFn testing. Two follow-up visits are planned at 2 and 4 weeks after the initial recruitment where repeat testing with both tests will be performed. The clinical team will be blinded to the results of the GlyFn test but not that of the sFlt/PlGF test. Clinical care will be based on established protocols incorporating maternal/fetal evaluation and the results of sFlt/PlGF levels. Maternal and neonatal outcome data will be collected to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the tests, with the primary outcome being delivery for pre-eclampsia within 4 weeks.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales Ethics Committee. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN13430018
Does welfare technology contribute to security, activity, participation and independence within municipal elder care? A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Baudin Katarina , Österholm Johannes , Hellström Ingrid , Baric Vedrana B , Larsson Ranada Åsa 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionIn Swedish municipal elder care, there is a growing expectation that welfare technology (WT) will play a pivotal role in addressing the increasingly complex needs of older persons who receive municipal elder care. As the ageing population continues to rise, the strain on welfare resources both, human and financial, intensifies. The adoption of WT holds promise for enhancing the well-being of older persons, their significant others, organisations and caregiving staff. However, the perspectives of older persons, significant others, staff and decision-makers’ on the aspects of security, activity, independence and participation that WT aims to influence needs further investigation. Thus, the overall purpose of the project is to explore how WT is perceived, implemented and experienced by different stakeholders within municipal elder care and to determine if, and how, WT contributes to the person’s security, activity, participation and independence.Methods and analysisThe project has a qualitative approach and will use thematic analysis. Data will be collected through semistructured interviews with different stakeholders—(a) older persons, (b) significant others, (c) staff and (d) decision-makers (ie, local politicians and local governmental officials)—in organisations within municipal elder care that use WT.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2023-07203-01). All participants will provide informed consent. Dissemination of the results will be achieved through scientific publications and presentations at national and international conferences. During manuscript preparation, the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research will be followed. The knowledge gained from the project will be shared with participating organisations, where presentations and discussions regarding the project will be offered. Stakeholders and the public will also be offered opportunities to attend seminars and lectures provided by participating universities.
Lower circulating mitochondrial DNA and increased mitokines suggest significant mitochondrial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus with renal involvement
Authors: Halfon Matthieu , Memon Ashfaque A , Hedelius Anna , Pascual Manuel , Sundquist Kristina , Ribi Camillo 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSLE is associated with significant morbidity, especially in the case of renal involvement. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in SLE and may be assessed by measuring mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and cytokines reflecting mitochondrial stress (mitokines). Circulating mtDNA is a promising biomarker in SLE and appears to be reduced in severe SLE. However, measuring circulating mtDNA is challenging and reported methods are heterogenous. Our study aimed at evaluating whole blood mtDNA to nuclear DNA (nucDNA) ratio using droplet-digital PCR and circulating mitokines, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and fibroblast growth factor 21 in SLE with and without renal involvement.MethodsCross-sectional study involving 195 patients with SLE and age-matched healthy volunteers (HV) as control. Biomarkers were compared in patients with and without renal involvement (defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min or proteinuria >0.5 g/day) and in those with active and inactive SLE.ResultsCompared with HV, patients with SLE displayed lower mtDNA/nucDNA ratios, especially in the case of renal involvement. Accordingly, mitokines were increased in patients with SLE with renal involvement. We found no correlation between mtDNA/nucDNA ratio and global disease activity. Mitokine levels, on the other hand, correlated with disease activity, in particular GDF-15 even after adjusting for renal involvement.ConclusionOur findings suggest that lower whole blood mtDNA/nucDNA ratio, a surrogate marker for mitochondrial dysfunction, reflects renal damage, while GDF-15 may also reflect disease activity in SLE. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical value of these markers as predictors for active lupus nephritis.
Subpectoral plexus block to enhance surgical anesthesia produced by a multilevel thoracic paravertebral block for primary breast cancer surgery: a prospective randomized double-blind study
Authors: Karmakar Manoj Kumar , Pakpirom Jatuporn , Songthamwat Banchobporn , Sivakumar Ranjith Kumar , Samy Winnie 
Published: February 2025

Background and objectivesThe efficacy of a multilevel thoracic paravertebral block (6m-TPVB at T1-T6), as the sole anesthetic, for primary breast cancer surgery (PBCS) has been questioned. Current literature suggests that a significant number of patients may report pain during various stages of surgery, notably during the detachment of the breast base from the pectoralis major muscle and its fascia. Given that the pectoral muscles are innervated by nerves from the subpectoral plexus (C5–T1), which are not affected by a 6m-TPVB alone, we propose that an additional “subpectoral plexus block” (SPPB) may enhance the surgical anesthesia.Methods60 patients undergoing PBCS under a 6m-TPVB were randomized to receive an SPPB (Gp-A, n=30) or a sham block (Gp-B, n=30). Midazolam (1–3 mg) and ketamine (10–20 mg) were administered intravenously for sedation and analgesia before the block placement and an infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.1–0.5 mcg/kg/h) was used to maintain conscious sedation during surgery. The 6m-TPVB was ultrasound guided, and 4–5 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:200 000 epinephrine was injected at each vertebral level (total volume used 25 mL). The SPPB was also ultrasound guided, and 5 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine was injected each near the origin of the thoracoacromial artery in the pectoserratus plane and between the two pectoral muscles (interpectoral plane) in Gp-A, at the level of the third rib. In Gp-B, 3–5 mL of normal saline (sham block) was injected into the pectoralis major muscle. Surgery commenced about 25–30 min after the completion of the SPPB. Ketamine (10–20 mg IV bolus) was used for rescue analgesia (our primary outcome variable) if the patient complained of pain during surgery to an arbitrary maximum of 100 mg, or the anesthesia was deemed inadequate, after which it was converted to general anesthesia.ResultsThe two study groups were comparable with respect to demographic data, total dose of midazolam and dexmedetomidine used, duration of surgery, and overall patient satisfaction. Ketamine, as rescue analgesia, was required to complete surgery in both study groups, but fewer patients in Gp-A (56.7%) required rescue analgesia than in Gp-B (93.3%, p=0.002). Ketamine requirement (median (IQR)) was also significantly lower (p<0.001) in Gp-A (10 (0–40) mg) than in Gp-B (50 (20–70) mg). The surgeons were more (p=0.02) satisfied (mean±SD numeric rating scale, 0–100) with surgical conditions in Gp-A (77.29±10.63) than in Gp-B (65.83±21.38).ConclusionA SPPB enhances the surgical anesthesia produced by a 6m-TPVB for primary breast cancer surgery.Trial registration numberhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=5368, Trial ID No: ChiCTR-TRC-14004200; Date of Registration: 25 January 2014, Study commencement date: 28 February 2014.
Production of double strange hypernuclei and exotic nuclei in central Au+Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 3 GeV
Authors: Buyukcizmeci N. , Reichert T. , Botvina A. S. , Bleicher M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We extend the theoretical approach which includes the dynamical and statistical stages for the description of the nucleosynthesis in central collisions of relativistic ions. Previously, this approach was successfully applied to describe experimental data on both normal nuclei and single strange hypernuclei production in the GSI and RHIC-BES energy range. We predict the multiplicities of double strange hypernuclei up to

$$^4_{\varLambda \varLambda }$$

Λ
Λ

4

H and further intermediate mass nuclei up to

$$^8$$

8

Be for Au+Au central collisions at

$$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$

s

NN

= 3 GeV, recently explored by the STAR experiments. These nuclei can be identified by the measurement of the correlated particles coming after their decay. Such observations are a crucial test for the nucleosynthesis mechanism.
Dijet mass up to four loops with(out) $${{\varvec{k}}}_{\varvec{t}}$$ clustering
Authors: Khelifa-Kerfa K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We compute the invariant mass of dijets produced in

$$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

annihilation processes up to four loops in perturbation theory for both anti-

$$k_t$$

k
t

and

$$k_t$$

k
t

jet algorithms. The calculations, performed within the eikonal approximation and employing strong-energy ordering, capture the full analytic structure of the leading Abelian and non-Abelian non-global logarithms, including full colour and jet-radius dependence. We evaluate the significance of these logarithms and the convergence of the four loop perturbative expansion by comparing with all-orders numerical results.
Susy at the FPF
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis A. , Antoniadis Ignatios , Benakli Karim , Cunat Jules , Lüst Dieter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Experimental searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are entering a new era. The failure to observe signals of sparticle production at the large hadron collider (LHC) has eroded the central motivation for SUSY breaking at the weak scale. However, String Theory requires SUSY at the fundamental scale

$$M_s$$

M
s

and hence SUSY could be broken at some high scale below

$$M_s$$

M
s

. Actually, if this were the case, the lack of experimental evidence for low-energy SUSY could have been anticipated, because most stringy models with high-scale SUSY breaking predict that sparticles would start popping up above about 10 TeV, well beyond the reach of current LHC experiments. We show that using next generation LHC experiments currently envisioned for the Forward Physics Facility (FPF) we could search for signals of neutrino-modulino oscillations to probe models with string scale in the grand unification region and SUSY breaking driven by sequestered gravity in gauge mediation. This is possible because of the unprecedented flux of neutrinos to be produced as secondary products in LHC collisions during the high-luminosity era and the capability of FPF experiments to detect and identify their flavors.
A compact theorem on the compactness of ultra-compact objects with monotonically decreasing matter fields
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Self-gravitating horizonless ultra-compact objects that possess light rings have attracted the attention of physicists and mathematicians in recent years. In the present compact paper we raise the following physically interesting question: Is there a lower bound on the global compactness parameters

$$\mathcal{C}\equiv \text {max}_r\{2m(r)/r\}$$

C
≡

max
r

{
2
m

(
r
)

/
r
}

of spherically symmetric ultra-compact objects? Using the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations we explicitly prove that spatially regular ultra-compact objects with monotonically decreasing density functions (or monotonically decreasing radial pressure functions) are characterized by the lower bound

$$\mathcal{C}\ge 1/3$$

C
≥
1
/
3

on their dimensionless compactness parameters.
Minimum asymptotic energy of a charged spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole and its stability
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The static spherically symmetric thin shell of proper mass m and electric charge q around a central star or black hole of mass M is in general unstable. Although with fine-tuned m, q, and M it can be considered quasi-stable. These facts have been recently proved by Hod (Eur Phys J C 84:1148, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13546-3, 2024) from which we are inspired to investigate the stability status of the throat of a spherically symmetric thin-shell wormhole (TSW) with the same proper mass and charge. Precisely, in this compact paper, we introduce the radius of stability for the throat of a static spherically symmetric charged TSW, by optimizing its energy measured by an asymptotic observer. Furthermore, we prove that at the stable equilibrium radius, the tension on the throat is zero, and a perturbation in the form of an initial kinetic energy results in an effective attractive potential such that the throat oscillates around the equilibrium point.
Multi-faceted approach for identifying biomarkers for radiation injury and regulatory approval of radiation medical countermeasures
Authors: Kaladi Manya R. , Poldy Allyson , Mukherjee Sanjeevani , Carpenter Alana D. , Singh Vijay K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is caused by high doses of ionizing radiation (> 2 Gy). ARS is broken down into 3 sub-syndromes: exposure to 2–6 Gy results in hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS), exposure to 6–10 Gy results in gastrointestinal ARS (GI-ARS), and exposure to greater than 10 Gy results in neurovascular ARS (NV-ARS). In case of nuclear warfare events such as the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or nuclear meltdown scenarios, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima-Daiichi, it is essential to be prepared to treat and prevent the development of ARS. Therefore, the development of prophylactic (administered before radiation exposure) and therapeutic (administered post-irradiation) radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs) is paramount in this effort. Currently, there are only 9 approved MCMs and all 9 are therapeutics for H-ARS. Thus, it is integral to develop a prophylactic MCM that treats high doses of radiation exposure injury. Following the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) animal rule, we are researching biomarkers of ARS to analyze whether prospective MCMs are effective in mitigating ARS development in humans. In this article, we summarize the various state-of-the-art omics platforms (metabolomics/lipidomics, proteomics, microbiome, and transcriptomics) which have been used to identify candidate biomarkers for acute radiation injuries using murine and nonhuman primate models. We have reviewed outside literature in addition to studies carried out in our laboratory.
Sex Differences in Computed Tomography Coronary Stenosis Severity Versus Flow Impairment and Impact on Revascularization, Clinical Events and Health Care Costs: A FORECAST Substudy
Authors: Gabara Lavinia , Hinton Jonathan , Kira Mohamed , Shambrook James , Abbas Ausami , Wilding Sam , Leipsic Jonathon A. , Douglas Pamela S. , Curzen Nick 
Published: February 2025

Background
The impact of sex‐related differences in coronary atheroma and flow impairment severity on clinical events and costs remains unclear.

Methods and Results

This is a secondary analysis of patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent both coronary computed tomography angiography and fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography as part of the
FORECAST
(Fractional Flow Reserve Derived From Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in the Assessment and Management of Stable Chest Pain) trial, investigating (1) the relationship between coronary stenosis severity on coronary computed tomography angiography and fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography FFR
CT
by sex and (2) the association with revascularization, resource usage, and adverse clinical events. A total of 212 patients (64 female participants [32.1%]) and 1245 vessels were included. There was no significant sex difference in the frequencies of significant coronary artery disease (38.2% of women versus 51.3% of men;
P
=0.073), but female participants had significantly less coronary flow impairment, according to the presence of at least 1 fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography≤0.8 (47.0% versus 71.5%;
P
=0.008). Female subjects underwent fewer revascularization procedures (23.5% versus 42.3%;
P
=0.014), less coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2.9% versus 13.1%;
P
=0.025) and were less likely to be on statin treatment (72.0% versus 84.7%;
P
=0.022) by 9‐month follow‐up. This resulted in lower overall health care costs for female participants compared with male counterparts (median total cost, £1276 versus £2051;
P
=0.014). In multivariable Cox analysis the presence of significant coronary artery disease (hazard ratio [
HR],
2.91; 95%
CI
, 1.30–6.51) and having a positive fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography (
HR,
4.11; 95%
CI,
1.15–14.69) were independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events at 9 months, whereas sex was not statistically significant (
p
=0.13).

Conclusions
There are significant sex differences in the anatomico‐functional assessment of coronary artery disease leading to differences in clinical management, costs, and adverse events.