bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future fire-PM2.5 mortality varies depending on climate and socioeconomic changes
Authors: Park Chae Yeon , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Fujimori Shinichiro , Phung Vera Ling Hui , Li Fang , Takakura Jun’ya , Hasegawa Tomoko , Jansakoo Thanapat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fire emits hazardous air pollutants, the most dominant of which is fine particulate matter of diameter ⩽2.5 μm (PM2.5). PM2.5 is a great concern due to its adverse effects on public health. Previous studies have examined the health burden from fire-related PM2.5 for the historical period; however, future global mortality associated with fire-PM2.5, particularly under the coexisting impacts of climate and socioeconomic changes, is yet to be projected. Here, we estimated the mortality associated to fire-PM2.5 (fire-PM2.5 mortality) for the present period (2010s) and then projected the mortality for the 2050s and 2090s under 10 scenarios created by combining two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6 or 6.0) with five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1–5). We used the Li-Park fire model in combination with a chemical transport model and health risk assessment to calculate fire-PM2.5 mortality. For the present period, the estimated fire-PM2.5 mortality was 135 180 (105 403–163 738), which is 1.7 deaths per 100 000 population globally. When countries were grouped by income, the fire-PM2.5 mortality rate was the highest in the high-income country group and lowest in the lowest-income country group. For the 2050s and 2090s, the fire-PM2.5 mortality rate was projected to decrease under most scenarios because of decreases in fire emissions and baseline mortality rate. However, a scenario of high population growth and low technical development (SSP3) together with severe global warming (RCP6.0) would lead to an increase in the fire-PM2.5 mortality rate in the 2090s, particularly in the highest-income countries, due to increased fire under drier and warmer weather conditions. Stratification of countries by gross domestic product indicated the need for adaptation efforts in the highest-income countries to avoid future increases of mortality associated with fire-PM2.5.
Thermally activated escape rate and dynamics of a particle under a harmonic potential
Authors: Abebe Yoseph , Birhanu Tibebe , Bassie Yigermal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the dynamics of particles along a semiconductor layer by imposing a confinement potential assisted by both thermal noise strength D and trap potential ϕ. By applying a nonhomogeneous cold temperature alongside the uniform background temperature, the system is driven towards a phase transition. When a weak signal is pass across a semiconductor layer, the thermally activated particles become easily hop from one lattice site to another lattice site. We perform a numerical simulation of the trajectory of a particle under a harmonic potential represents a bistable and tristable effective potential as a function of thermal noise. As a result, at an optimal level of noise, the particle synchronizes with a weak periodic signal.
Role of structural asymmetry on the delivery of all-optical logical binary half adder in an asymmetric triple core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Uthayakumar T , Nallamuthu N , Madhu A , Srinatha N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article explores the influence of structural asymmetry on the delivery of all-optical logical binary half adder function through triple-core photonic crystal fiber. For the proposed aim, the study considers different configurations of symmetric as well as asymmetric triple-core photonic crystal fiber involving optical guiding cores arranged in a planar and triangular fashion. The role of geometrical asymmetry is investigated by considering an asymmetric triple core photonic crystal fiber with a minor variation in one of the guiding core radii. Through the extinction ratio calculations, with suitable input signal combinations and control signal power, the half adder operation is demonstrated via logic outputs. The obtained results show the significant role of geometrical asymmetry indicated by the variation in the extinction ratios for the individual configurations. However, the half adder operation is found to be robust even in the presence of considerable geometrical asymmetry, with a significant figure of merit. Apart from this, a minor shift in the control signal phase is also observed between symmetric and asymmetric configurations for delivering logic gates based on the half adder function.
Design and control of LSTM-ANN controllers for an efficient energy management system in a smart grid based on hybrid renewable energy sources
Authors: Wesley Bhukya John , Babu G Suresh , Kumar P Satish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Many isolated locations, including hilly areas, remote sites, and military camps, lack feasible access to the main power grid. In these conditions, locally established Microgrids can provide the necessary power supply. However, to meet the demands of these isolated areas, numerous individual Microgrids are required. Although some of these Microgrids might be integratable, geographical constraints may preclude full integration. Under these circumstances, the establishment of a smart grid—integrating multiple Microgrids with a battery management system—can potentially solve many power supply issues. A smart grid control system paired with a centralized battery management system is proposed in this paper. The system considers the use of multiple renewable energy sources at various locations for stable and reliable power generation. The proposed method incorporates a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based artificial neural network (ANN) to ensure a stable, high-quality power supply at different load buses. Additionally, this work introduces an artificial intelligence-based operating system designed to maintain energy management under various conditions. To enhance voltage quality, a 7-level aligned multilevel inverter is incorporated into the system. As compared with PI and Fuzzy controllers, the proposed method with LSTM-ANN controller is improved the power quality under sudden changes in the system which are also presented in results, Voltage variation of PI, Fuzzy, and LSTM-ANN is 370V,180V,and 70V . The effectiveness of the proposed energy management system (EMS) is verified by using a hardware-in the-loop approach with OPAL-RT modules, yielding realistic results.
Three distinct metabolic phases of polychlorinated biphenyls/biphenyl degrader Acidovorax sp. KKS102 in nutrient broth
Authors: Sakai Keiichiro , Kishida Kouhei , Matsumoto Satoshi , Nagata Yuji , Tsuda Masataka , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Acidovorax sp. KKS102 is a beta-proteobacterium capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, we examined its growth in liquid nutrient broth supplemented with different carbon sources. KKS102 had at least 3 distinct metabolic phases designated as metabolic phases 1-3, with phase 2 having 2 sub-phases. For example, succinate, fumarate, and glutamate, known to repress the PCB/biphenyl catabolic operon in KKS102, were utilized in phase 1, while acetate, arabinose, and glycerol in phase 2, and glucose and mannose in phase 3. We also showed that the BphQ response regulator mediating catabolite control in KKS102, whose expression level increased moderately through the growth, plays important roles in carbon metabolism in phases 2 and 3. Our study elucidates the hierarchical growth of KKS102 in nutrient-rich media. This insight is crucial for studies exploiting microbial biodegradation capabilities and advancing studies for catabolite regulation mechanisms.
Wild bumblebees use both absolute and relative evaluation when foraging
Authors: Hemingway Claire T , Pimplikar Smruti , Muth Felicity 
Published: January 2024

AbstractForaging theory assumes that animals assess value based on objective payoffs; however, animals often evaluate rewards comparatively, forming expectations based on recent experience. This form of evaluation may be particularly relevant for nectar foragers such as bumblebees, where individuals can visit thousands of flowers daily that vary in nectar quality. While many animals, including bees, demonstrate reference-based evaluation in experimental contexts, it is unclear whether this occurs in the wild. Here, we asked how daily experience with wildflower nectar influenced wild bumblebees’ reward evaluation. We measured the daily nectar concentration of bee-visited wildflowers (Penstemon spp.), before presenting foragers with conspecific flowers filled with a range of artificial nectar concentrations. We recorded bees’ acceptance of artificial nectar, the probability of subsequent visits to flowers on the same plant, and residence time. While bees had a minimum threshold of nectar acceptability that was unaffected by experience, when there was higher-concentration environmental nectar, they were less likely to accept lower-quality rewards on manipulated plants. Bees also visited more flowers and stayed longer on plants with higher-concentration nectar. This study shows evidence for both absolute and reference-based evaluation in wild bees and points towards differences between bees’ behavior in lab- and wild-foraging contexts.
MulinforCPI: enhancing precision of compound–protein interaction prediction through novel perspectives on multi-level information integration
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Quang , Park Sejeong , Gim Mogan , Kang Jaewoo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Forecasting the interaction between compounds and proteins is crucial for discovering new drugs. However, previous sequence-based studies have not utilized three-dimensional (3D) information on compounds and proteins, such as atom coordinates and distance matrices, to predict binding affinity. Furthermore, numerous widely adopted computational techniques have relied on sequences of amino acid characters for protein representations. This approach may constrain the model’s ability to capture meaningful biochemical features, impeding a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying proteins. Here, we propose a two-step deep learning strategy named MulinforCPI that incorporates transfer learning techniques with multi-level resolution features to overcome these limitations. Our approach leverages 3D information from both proteins and compounds and acquires a profound understanding of the atomic-level features of proteins. Besides, our research highlights the divide between first-principle and data-driven methods, offering new research prospects for compound–protein interaction tasks. We applied the proposed method to six datasets: Davis, Metz, KIBA, CASF-2016, DUD-E and BindingDB, to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach.
Structural coverage of the human interactome
Authors: Kosoglu Kayra , Aydin Zeynep , Tuncbag Nurcan , Gursoy Attila , Keskin Ozlem 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Complex biological processes in cells are embedded in the interactome, representing the complete set of protein–protein interactions. Mapping and analyzing the protein structures are essential to fully comprehending these processes’ molecular details. Therefore, knowing the structural coverage of the interactome is important to show the current limitations. Structural modeling of protein–protein interactions requires accurate protein structures. In this study, we mapped all experimental structures to the reference human proteome. Later, we found the enrichment in structural coverage when complementary methods such as homology modeling and deep learning (AlphaFold) were included. We then collected the interactions from the literature and databases to form the reference human interactome, resulting in 117 897 non-redundant interactions. When we analyzed the structural coverage of the interactome, we found that the number of experimentally determined protein complex structures is scarce, corresponding to 3.95% of all binary interactions. We also analyzed known and modeled structures to potentially construct the structural interactome with a docking method. Our analysis showed that 12.97% of the interactions from HuRI and 73.62% and 32.94% from the filtered versions of STRING and HIPPIE could potentially be modeled with high structural coverage or accuracy, respectively. Overall, this paper provides an overview of the current state of structural coverage of the human proteome and interactome.
Subset scanning for multi-trait analysis using GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Cao Rui , Olawsky Evan , McFowland Edward , Marcotte Erin , Spector Logan , Yang Tianzhong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Multi-trait analysis has been shown to have greater statistical power than single-trait analysis. Most of the existing multi-trait analysis methods only work with a limited number of traits and usually prioritize high statistical power over identifying relevant traits, which heavily rely on domain knowledge.

Results
To handle diseases and traits with obscure etiology, we developed TraitScan, a powerful and fast algorithm that identifies potential pleiotropic traits from a moderate or large number of traits (e.g. dozens to thousands) and tests the association between one genetic variant and the selected traits. TraitScan can handle either individual-level or summary-level GWAS data. We evaluated TraitScan using extensive simulations and found that it outperformed existing methods in terms of both testing power and trait selection when sparsity was low or modest. We then applied it to search for traits associated with Ewing Sarcoma, a rare bone tumor with peak onset in adolescence, among 754 traits in UK Biobank. Our analysis revealed a few promising traits worthy of further investigation, highlighting the use of TraitScan for more effective multi-trait analysis as biobanks emerge. We also extended TraitScan to search and test association with a polygenic risk score and genetically imputed gene expression.

Availability and implementation
Our algorithm is implemented in an R package “TraitScan” available at https://github.com/RuiCao34/TraitScan.
Time trends and geographical variation in major lower limb amputation related to peripheral arterial disease in England
Authors: Maheswaran Ravi , Tong Thaison , Michaels Jonathan , Brindley Paul , Walters Stephen , Nawaz Shah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Above and below knee amputation (AKA, BKA) are treatments of last resort for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim was to examine amputation rates, AKA:BKA ratios, previous revascularization and minor amputation, lengths of stay in hospital, mortality following amputation, and regional variation in people with and without diabetes in England.

Methods
The study used population-based ecological and cohort study designs, 31 672 census areas, hospital admissions from 2006 to 2018 and Poisson, logistic and Cox regression.

Results
There were 47 249 major lower limb amputations (50.7% AKA; 48% had diabetes), giving an annual PAD-related amputation rate of 11 per 100 000 in the population aged 25+ years. Amputation rates were higher in men and substantially higher in people with diabetes. The AKA:BKA ratio was 0.63 in patients with diabetes (n = 22 702) and 1.62 in patients without diabetes (n = 24 547). Of patients having AKA, 25.3% died within 90 days of amputation compared with 11.9% for BKA. Median survival following amputation ranged from only 1.68 years following AKA in patients with diabetes to 5.72 years following BKA in patients without diabetes. Amputation rates decreased over time mainly in the population with diabetes. Short-term mortality and lengths of stay in hospital also decreased over time, while the percentage with previous revascularization generally increased. Amputation rates and AKA:BKA ratios were highest in the North. Adjustment for age, sex and deprivation did not substantially alter geographical patterns. Adjusted 90-day mortality was generally higher in the North and the Midlands but also high in London. There were also regional variations in adjusted duration from admission to amputation, duration from amputation to discharge or death in hospital, previous revascularization and previous minor amputation.

Conclusions
There were large variations in amputation rates and survival following amputation in relation to diabetes status and amputation level, and regional variations which remained after adjustment for deprivation.
Dermatoscopic profiling of inverted follicular keratosis in different skin phenotypes
Authors: Demirdağ Hatice Gamze , Akay Bengü Nisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) is a rare benign tumour of the follicular infundibulum. Owing to its similarity to other benign and malignant cutaneous lesions, it poses a diagnostic challenge. There is limited information on the dermatoscopic characteristics of IFK and the majority of cases have been reported in patients with lighter skin types.

Objectives
To describe the prevalent dermatoscopic features of IFK, especially in patients with skin of colour.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed 35 histopathologically verified cases of IFK from a single university hospital in Turkey.

Results
With respect to the Fitzpatrick skin phototype, 2 (6%), 12 (34%), 16 (46%) and 5 (14%) patients had Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II, III, IV and V, respectively. Clinically, the majority of IFKs were hypopigmented or nonpigmented (83%). Pink–white structureless areas (54%), ulceration (54%), a central keratin mass (43%) and blood spots on keratin mass (43%) were the most frequent dermatoscopic findings. Pigmented structures were observed as blue–grey structureless areas in 12 lesions and as blue–grey clods in 5, primarily in Fitzpatrick phototype IV and V skin. The incidence of a pink, structureless area and blood spots on ulceration was found to be statistically significantly higher in individuals with fairer skin types, while a greater prevalence of blue–grey coloration was observed in those with skin of colour (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Although our study found some distinguishing dermatoscopic findings in IFK, diagnosis is generally confirmed by histopathology, as the clinical appearance and dermatoscopic findings may not be sufficient to differentiate it from other tumours, especially squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. The dermatoscopic characteristics of dark skin are comparable to those of pale skin; however, hyperpigmentation can be more noticeable in skin of colour.
Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Their Experiences With Crohn’s Perianal Fistulas
Authors: Stacy Sylvie , Belcher Emily , Nazarey Pradeep P , Cazzetta Susan E , Salinas Gregory D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Little is known about patients’ perception of care and management of Crohn’s perianal fistulas (CPF). This study was conducted to understand US patient and caregiver attitudes and challenges to CPF care.

Methods
Patients with CPF and caregivers of patients with CPF completed a 36-question survey about their perceptions and challenges regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of CPF. Patients/caregivers were recruited via online Crohn’s and fistula support group websites and forums and via their gastroenterologists (GEs) and surgeons from October 2020 through January 2021.

Results
The survey was completed by 96 patients and 54 caregivers. Respondents reported over 60% and 14%–23% of CPF were diagnosed and treated by a GE or surgeon, respectively. Nearly all patients/caregivers wanted to be involved in treatment decision-making with their physicians (81%). While the majority of patients/caregivers were satisfied with their quality of care (65%) and access to care (67%), racial disparities exist and there is room for improvement. A smaller proportion of non-White versus White patients/caregivers reported satisfaction with care quality (39% vs 72%, respectively) and access to care (57% vs 69%, respectively). Half of non-White patient/caregivers (50%) versus 69% of White patient/caregivers knew where to access CPF information. Most patients/caregivers (69%) stated that they would benefit from more information on managing day-to-day CPF symptoms. Significant barriers perceived by patients/caregivers to receiving optimal CPF care included lack of effective treatments (69%) and lack of access to specialist care (68%).

Conclusions
Improvements in multidisciplinary CPF care are required to optimize treatment.
The role of cellular senescence in profibrillatory atrial remodelling associated with cardiac pathology
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mozhdeh , Naud Patrice , Abu-Taha Issam H , Hiram Roddy , Xiong Feng , Xiao Jiening , Saljic Arnela , Kamler Markus , Vuong-Robillard Nhung , Thorin Eric , Ferbeyre Gerardo , Tardif Jean-Claude , Sirois Martin G , Tanguay Jean Francois , Dobrev Dobromir , Nattel Stanley 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cellular senescence is a stress-related or aging response believed to contribute to many cardiac conditions; however, its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Age is the single most important determinant of the risk of AF. The present study was designed to (i) evaluate AF susceptibility and senescence marker expression in rat models of aging and myocardial infarction (MI), (ii) study the effect of reducing senescent-cell burden with senolytic therapy on the atrial substrate in MI rats, and (iii) assess senescence markers in human atrial tissue as a function of age and the presence of AF.

Methods and results
AF susceptibility was studied with programmed electrical stimulation. Gene and protein expression was evaluated by immunoblot or immunofluorescence (protein) and digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (messenger RNA). A previously validated senolytic combination, dasatinib and quercetin, (D+Q; or corresponding vehicle) was administered from the time of sham or MI surgery through 28 days later. Experiments were performed blinded to treatment assignment. Burst pacing-induced AF was seen in 100% of aged (18-month old) rats, 87.5% of young MI rats, and 10% of young control (3-month old) rats (P ≤ 0.001 vs. each). Conduction velocity was slower in aged [both left atrium (LA) and right atrium (RA)] and young MI (LA) rats vs. young control rats (P ≤ 0.001 vs. each). Atrial fibrosis was greater in aged (LA and RA) and young MI (LA) vs. young control rats (P &lt; 0.05 for each). Senolytic therapy reduced AF inducibility in MI rats (from 8/9 rats, 89% in MI vehicle, to 0/9 rats, 0% in MI D + Q, P &lt; 0.001) and attenuated LA fibrosis. Double staining suggested that D + Q acts by clearing senescent myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. In human atria, senescence markers were upregulated in older (≥70 years) and long-standing AF patients vs. individuals ≤60 and sinus rhythm controls, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results point to a potentially significant role of cellular senescence in AF pathophysiology. Modulating cell senescence might provide a basis for novel therapeutic approaches to AF.