bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary exploratory research on the application value of oral and intestinal meta-genomics in predicting subjects' occupations–A case study of the distinction between students and migrant workers
Authors: Dou Shujie , Ma Guanju , Liang Yu , Fu Guangping , Shen Jie , Fu Lihong , Wang Qian , Li Tao , Cong Bin , Li Shujin 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIn the field of forensic science, accurately determining occupation of an individual can greatly assist in resolving cases such as criminal investigations or disaster victim identifications. However, estimating occupation can be challenging due to the intricate relationship between occupation and various factors, including gender, age, living environment, health status, medication use, and lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption and smoking. All of these factors can impact the composition of oral or gut microbial community of an individual.Methods and resultsIn this study, we collected saliva and feces samples from individuals representing different occupational sectors, specifically students and manual laborers. We then performed metagenomic sequencing on the DNA extracted from these samples to obtain data that could be analyzed for taxonomic and functional annotations in five different databases. The correlation between occupation with microbial information was assisted from the perspective of α and β diversity, showing that individuals belonging to the two occupations hold significantly different oral and gut microbial communities, and that this correlation is basically not affected by gender, drinking, and smoking in our datasets. Finally, random forest (RF) models were built with recursive feature elimination (RFE) processes. Models with 100% accuracy in both training and testing sets were constructed based on three species in saliva samples or on a single pathway annotated by the KEGG database in fecal samples, namely, “ko04145” or Phagosome.ConclusionAlthough this study may have limited representativeness due to its small sample size, it provides preliminary evidence of the potential of using microbiome information for occupational inference.
Establishment and application of a rapid assay for GII.4/GII.17 NoV detection based on the combination of CRISPR/Cas13a and isothermal amplification
Authors: Li Jia-Heng , Jing Duona , Wang Yu , Xu Jiayi , Yu Junxuan , Du Huisha , Chen Qing , Tang Shixing , Zhang Xu-Fu , Dai Ying-Chun 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionNorovirus (NoV) is one of the most important agents responsible for viral acute gastroenteritis, among which GII.4 NoV is the predominant strain worldwide, and GII.17 NoV surpassed GII.4 in some epidemic seasons. Rapid and accurate gene recognition is essential for a timely response to NoV outbreaks.MethodsIn the present study, the highly conserved regions of GII.4 and GII.17 NoVs were identified in the junction of open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 and then amplified by isothermal recombinase-aided amplification (RAA), followed by the cleavage of CRISPR-Cas13a with screened CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and RAA primers. The entire detection procedure could be completed within 40 min using a thermostat, and the results could be read out by the naked eye under a portable blue light transilluminator.DiscussionThe assay showed a high sensitivity of 97.96% and a high specificity of 100.0%. It offered a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5×100 copies/reaction and a coincidence rate of 96.75% in 71 clinical fecal samples. Overall, rapid and inexpensive detection of GII.4/GII.17 NoVs was established, which makes it possible to be used in areas with limited resources, particularly in low-income countries. Furthermore, it will contribute to assessing transmission risks and implementing control measures for GII.4/GII.17 NoVs, making healthcare more accessible worldwide.
Comparative microbiome analysis of beef cattle, the feedyard environment, and airborne particulate matter as a function of probiotic and antibiotic use, and change in pen environment
Authors: Strickland A. H. , Murray S. A. , Vinasco J. , Auvermann B. W. , Bush K. J. , Sawyer J. E. , Scott H. M. , Norman K. N. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionIntensive beef cattle production systems are frequently implicated as a source of bacteria that can be transferred to nearby humans and animals via effluent water, manure used as fertilizer, or airborne particulate matter. It is crucial to understand microbial population dynamics due to manure pack desiccation, antibiotic usage, and antibiotic alternatives within beef cattle and their associated feedyard environment. Understanding how bacterial communities change in the presence of antibiotics can also improve management practices for reducing the spread of foodborne bacteria.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to compare the microbiomes within cattle feces, the feedyard environment and artificially produced airborne particulate matter as a function of pen change and treatment with tylosin or probiotics. We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to compare bacterial communities among sample types, study days, and treatment groups.ResultsBacterial community diversity varied as a function of sampling day and pen change (old or new) within fecal and manure pack samples. Manure pack samples from old pens and new pens contained diverse communities of bacteria on days 0 and 84; however, by day 119 of the study these taxonomic differences were less evident. Particulate matter samples exhibited significant differences in community diversity and predominant bacterial taxa compared to the manure pack they originated from. Treatment with tylosin did not meaningfully impact bacterial communities among fecal, environmental, or particulate matter samples; however, minor differences in bacterial community structure were observed in feces from cattle treated with probiotics.DiscussionThis study was the first to characterize and compare microbial communities within feces, manure pack, and airborne particulate matter from the same location and as a function of tylosin and probiotic treatment, and pen change. Although fecal and environmental samples are commonly used in research studies and other monitoring programs to infer public health risk of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance determinants from feedyard environments, our study suggests that these samples may not be appropriate to infer public health risk associated with airborne particulate matter.
Insights into Hsp90 mechanism and in vivo functions learned from studies in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rios Erick I. , Hunsberger Isabel L. , Johnson Jill L. 
Published: February 2024

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 (Heat shock protein, 90 kDa) is an abundant and essential cytosolic protein required for the stability and/or folding of hundreds of client proteins. Hsp90, along with helper cochaperone proteins, assists client protein folding in an ATP-dependent pathway. The laboratory of Susan Lindquist, in collaboration with other researchers, was the first to establish the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism to study the functional interaction between Hsp90 and clients. Important insights from studies in her lab were that Hsp90 is essential, and that Hsp90 functions and cochaperone interactions are highly conserved between yeast and mammalian cells. Here, we describe key mechanistic insights into the Hsp90 folding cycle that were obtained using the yeast system. We highlight the early contributions of the laboratory of Susan Lindquist and extend our analysis into the broader use of the yeast system to analyze the understanding of the conformational cycle of Hsp90 and the impact of altered Hsp90 function on the proteome.
‘Am I fixed, am I better now?’: undergoing MR-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Stoycheva Tsvetina , Jameel Ayesha , Bain Peter , Nandi Dipankar , Jones Brynmor , Honeyfield Lesley , Gedroyc Wladyslaw , Moore Jaqualyn 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionEssential tremor (ET) is characterised by postural and intentional tremor typically affecting the upper limbs, which can negatively impact functionality and quality of life. Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a novel and promising non-invasive treatment for ET which offers instantaneous results.MethodsUsing interpretative phenomenological analysis we explored the experience of undergoing MRgFUS in six ET patients as well as their experiences pre- and post-procedure.ResultsOne-time, retrospective semi-structured interviews were conducted and six themes emerged: Life pre-treatment: “It’s everyday tasks that get you down” and “Most people who understand, they are okay. Some people aren’t”; MRgFUS: Treatment day: “Going into the unknown” and “There’s no way I was going to press that button”; and Life post-treatment: “One is good. Two is better” and “Am I fixed, am I better now?.”DiscussionThe findings point to a significant period of adjustment associated with living with ET and the effects of undergoing ET MRgFUS treatment. As ET progressed, participants struggled to cope with increasing symptoms and had to develop coping strategies to manage life with ET. The procedure itself was perceived as strange and extraordinary and despite some immediate adverse effects participants were determined to go through with it. Post procedure, all participants reported tremor suppression which was life changing. While some participants still felt burdened by ET, others expressed it took them a while to psychologically adjust to what essentially was their new body. This study has highlighted the need for patients to be supported at all stages of their ET journey.
Ranking important predictors of the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit among 2,064 inpatients admitted to psychiatric emergency hospitals: a random forest model
Authors: Iwanaga Mai , Yamaguchi Sosei , Hashimoto Satoshi , Hanaoka Shimpei , Kaneyuki Hiroshi , Fujita Kiyoshi , Kishi Yoshiki , Hirata Toyoaki , Fujii Chiyo , Sugiyama Naoya 
Published: February 2024

AimsIn order to uphold and enhance the emergency psychiatric care system, a thorough comprehension of the characteristics of patients who require a high-acuity psychiatry unit is indispensable. We aimed to clarify the most important predictors of the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit using a random forest model.MethodsThis cross-sectional study encompassed patients admitted to psychiatric emergency hospitals at 161 medical institutions across Japan between December 8, 2022, and January 31, 2023. Questionnaires were completed by psychiatrists, with a maximum of 30 patients assessed per medical institution. The questionnaires included psychiatrists’ assessment of the patient’s condition (exposure variables) and the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit (outcome variables). The exposure variables consisted of 32 binary variables, including age, diagnoses, and clinical condition (i.e., factors on the clinical profile, emergency treatment requirements, and purpose of hospitalization). The outcome variable was the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit, scored from 0 to 10. To identify the most important predictors of the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit, we used a random forest model. As a sensitivity analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis was performed.ResultsData on 2,164 patients from 81 medical institutions were obtained (response rate, 50.3%). After excluding participants with missing values, this analysis included 2,064 patients. Of the 32 items, the top-5 predictors of the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit were the essentiality of inpatient treatment (otherwise, symptoms will worsen or linger), need for 24-hour professional care, symptom severity, safety ensured by specialized equipment, and medication management. These items were each significantly and positively associated with the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit in linear regression analyses (p &lt; 0.001 for all). Conversely, items on age and diagnosis were lower in the ranking and were not statistically significant in linear regression models.ConclusionItems related to the patient’s clinical profile might hold greater importance in predicting the need for a high-acuity psychiatry unit than do items associated with age and diagnosis.
Virtual first: implementation of a novel sleep telehealth platform in the United States military
Authors: Wickwire Emerson M. , Collen Jacob , Capaldi Vincent F. , Assefa Samson Z. , Jones Rachell , Williams Scott G. , Thomas Connie L. , Williams Daniel C. , Albrecht Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThere is a gross shortage of sleep specialist providers within the military health system. Telehealth and mobile health represent promising approaches to increase access to high quality, cost-effective care in the U.S military.ObjectivesThis paper reports findings from a mixed-methods clinical implementation study of a novel sleep telehealth platform at two military treatment facilities in the National Capitol Region. The platform includes a mobile app and integrated wearable sensors (i.e., a commercial off-the-shelf sleep tracker [Fitbit]). The primary purpose was to evaluate the implementation of a 10-day remote monitoring assessment and provision of evidence-based sleep treatment recommendations to patients and providers. In addition, we sought to observe, in an exploratory manner, subsequent engagement with the app during 5 days of personalized sleep education and training.MethodsPatients with sleep problems completed an intensive 10-day remote monitoring assessment that included a baseline intake questionnaire, daily sleep diaries, twice daily symptom surveys, and Fitbit. Based on this assessment, patients received personalized assessment results. Concurrently, a provider report was generated that included provisional diagnoses and evidence-based treatment recommendations. Next, participants gained access to personalized sleep education and trainings within the mobile app. Within an established implementation science framework, outcomes were assessed via behavioral adherence (engagement with the app) and separate questionnaires for patients and providers. Last, we conducted four focus groups with patients and 12 key informant interviews with primary care managers (PCMs) and economic stakeholders to seek feedback and recommendations for future directions.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy patients participated in the study. Using validated research questionnaires, participants reported high-risk for obstructive sleep apnea (65.6%), moderate to severe insomnia (38.2%), and moderate to severe daytime sleepiness (38.5%), and moderate to severe anxiety (14.1%) and depressive (20.4%) symptoms. Total sleep time was 6.6 (SD = 1.8) h based on sleep diaries and 6.1 (SD = 1.8) h based on Fitbit. Regarding implementation, reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance were all notably high, based on quantitative and qualitative data from participants and PCMs.ConclusionsSleep telehealth and mobile health represent promising approaches to increase access to cost-effective, evidence-based care for sleep disorders in the U.S. military.
Current sleep interventions for shift workers: a mini review to shape a new preventative, multicomponent sleep management programme
Authors: Tout Amber F. , Tang Nicole K. Y. , Sletten Tracey L. , Toro Carla T. , Kershaw Charlotte , Meyer Caroline , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Moukhtarian Talar R. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionShift work can lead to sleep disturbances and insomnia during the sleeping period, as well as excessive sleepiness and fatigue during the waking period. While Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-i) is recommended as the first line of treatment for insomnia, key elements of CBT-i, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, can be challenging for shift workers, highlighting the need for tailored sleep interventions. This mini review provides a narrative synthesis of non-pharmacological sleep interventions for shift workers and informs the development of a preventative, multicomponent sleep management programme.MethodAn informal review was conducted in line with Phase 1 of the Framework for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions.ResultsA variety of strategies have been employed to help manage the impacts of shift work on sleep, including: CBT-i, adjusting shift schedules, controlled light exposure, sleep hygiene education, planned napping, caffeine consumption, and mind-body interventions (e.g., yogic relaxation).DiscussionRecommendations, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed; notably, the role of the family, the commute to and from the workplace, and the eating behaviors of employees appear to have been overlooked in current intervention efforts. Digital CBT-i platforms could help to provide an effective, scalable, and low-cost method of reducing insomnia in shift workers.
Influence of Different Drying Processes on the Chemical and Texture Profile of Cucurbita maxima Pulp
Authors: Grassino Antonela Ninčević , Karlović Sven , Šošo Lea , Dujmić Filip , Sabolović Marija Badanjak , Marelja Marko , Brnčić Mladen 
Published: February 2024

The effects of hot air (HAD), vacuum (VAD) and conductive (CD) drying on the chemical and textural profiles of Cucurbita maxima pulp were investigated to find suitable drying conditions to avoid postharvest losses of pumpkin. The results showed that the drying methods had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the chemical and textural profiles of pumpkin pulp. The ash content was lower in VAD (up to 7.65%) than in HAD (up to 9.88%) and CD pulp (up to 9.21%). The samples of HAD, CD and VAD had a higher fat content, up to 3.07, 2.66 and 2.51%, respectively, than fresh pulp (1.55%). The total fibre content is lower for VAD (up to 8.78%) than for HAD (up to 15.43%) and CD pulp (13.94%). HAD pulp at 70 °C (~15.51%) and VAD and CD pulp processed between 50 and 60 °C (~22%) are good sources of protein. HAD and CD pulp at 70 °C and VAD at 50 °C resulted in a high sugar content (up to 83.23%). In addition to drying, the extraction time of 40 min used in ultrasound-assisted extraction is optimal, especially for protein and sugar recovery in dried samples. Drying also led to strong changes in the textural properties of the pulp, so that an excellent dried intermediate product is the one obtained using HAD at a temperature of 70 °C and an airflow of 0.5 m/s.
Primary care consultation patterns before suicide: a nationally representative case–control study
Authors: Alothman Danah , Lewis Sarah , Fogarty Andrew W , Card Timothy , Tyrrell Edward 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundConsultation with primary healthcare professionals may provide an opportunity to identify patients at higher suicide risk.AimTo explore primary care consultation patterns in the 5 years before suicide to identify suicide high-risk groups and common reasons for consulting.Design and settingThis was a case–control study using electronic health records from England, 2001 to 2019.MethodAn analysis was undertaken of 14 515 patients aged ≥15 years who died by suicide and up to 40 matched live controls per person who died by suicide (n= 580 159), (N= 594 674).ResultsFrequent consultations (>1 per month in the final year) were associated with increased suicide risk (age- and sex -adjusted odds ratio [OR] 5.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.47 to 6.32). The associated rise in suicide risk was seen across all sociodemographic groups as well as in those with and without psychiatric comorbidities. However, specific groups were more influenced by the effect of high-frequency consultation (>1 per month in the final year) demonstrating higher suicide risk compared with their counterparts who consulted once: females (adjusted OR 9.50, 95% CI = 7.82 to 11.54), patients aged 15–<45 years (adjusted OR 8.08, 95% CI = 7.29 to 8.96), patients experiencing less socioeconomic deprivation (adjusted OR 6.56, 95% CI = 5.77 to 7.46), and those with psychiatric conditions (adjusted OR 4.57, 95% CI = 4.12 to 5.06). Medication review, depression, and pain were the most common reasons for which patients who died by suicide consulted in the year before death.ConclusionEscalating or more than monthly consultations are associated with increased suicide risk regardless of patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and regardless of the presence (or absence) of known psychiatric illnesses.
Gender inequalities across ethnicities in primary care cancer referrals: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lavu Deepthi , Khan Adnan , Konya Judit , Martins Tanimola , Price Sarah , Neal Richard 
Published: February 2024

Background
Early cancer diagnosis is associated with improved mortality and morbidity; however, studies indicate that women and individuals from ethnic minorities experience longer times to diagnosis and worse prognosis compared with their counterparts for various cancers. In countries with a gatekeeper healthcare system, such as the UK, most suspected cancer referrals are initiated in primary care.

Aim
To understand the extent of evidence available on the relationship between primary care cancer referral pathways and cancer outcomes in relation to gender across different ethnic groups. This will identify research gaps and enable development of strategies to ease potential inequalities in cancer diagnosis.

Design & setting
A scoping review of articles written in English, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used.

Method
Electronic databases and private collections of the team members will be searched for studies. Two independent reviewers will carry out the study selection and data extraction. Based on Population (or participants), Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, this review will consider studies after year 2000, which explored the relationship between gender, across various ethnic groups, and cancer outcomes, following primary care cancer referral in countries with gatekeeper healthcare systems (UK, New Zealand, Sweden, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Republic of Ireland, and Norway). Results will be presented as a narrative analysis.

Conclusion
The results are expected to provide an overview of the discrepancies in primary care cancer referrals based on gender across ethnic groups, which will be crucial to define an appropriate range of strategies to ease any inequalities in primary healthcare cancer diagnosis.