bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Amorphous WO3 Arrays for Zinc‐Based Electrochromic Device with Large Light Modulation and Fast Switching
Authors: Li Aoshuang , Tan Yan , Wang Yijie , Cheng Chuanwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochromic devices have important applications in building energy conservation, next‐generation displaying, and security encryption, while durable and high‐performance electrochromic materials are highly desirable. Herein, a Zn‐based electrochromic smart window by using 3D ordered macroporous amorphous WO3 (a‐WO3) arrays as cathode is reported. Benefiting from a 3D ordered macroporous structure with a high specific surface area that accelerates the ion diffusion and migration, and the oxygen vacancy modulated a‐WO3 providing abundant zinc ion insertion channels, the as‐fabricated zinc‐based a‐WO3 inverse opal (a‐WO3‐IO) device exhibits excellent electrochromic properties, including large light modulation (83% optical contrast at 700 nm), fast response time (5.3 s for coloring and 3.2 s for bleaching), and robust cycling stability. Moreover, a solid‐state a‐WO3‐IO prototype electrochromic smart window is demonstrated for light modulation, electronic display, and power supply. Furthermore, experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that 3D macroporous amorphous WO3 with rich oxygen vacancies can enhance the zinc ion absorption and diffusion, leading to the enhancement of electrochromic performance.
Indolyl‐Ynones: Building Blocks for Molecular Diversity
Authors: Behera Ahalya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis review centers on the synthetic strategies employed with indolyl‐ynones. Indolyl‐ynone, owing to its highly reactive ynone moiety, frequently partakes in dearomatizing spirocyclization reactions and subsequent rearrangement reactions when subjected to various reaction conditions. Hence, various heterocycles such as densely functionalized spiroindolenines, carbazoles, quinolines and carbo‐and hetero‐cycle substituted indoles are synthesized from indolyl‐ynones. In addition to this, the versatile spirocyclic indole scaffold exhibits the capability to produce tetracyclic and polyclic structures through intricate skeletal rearrangement processes. Moreover, the total synthesis of natural products using the indolyl‐ynone moiety was also compiled in this review.
Observation of a Higher‐Order End Topological Insulator in a Real Projective Lattice
Authors: Shang Ce , Liu Shuo , Jiang Caigui , Shao Ruiwen , Zang Xiaoning , Lee Ching Hua , Thomale Ronny , Manchon Aurélien , Cui Tie Jun , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe modern theory of quantized polarization has recently extended from 1D dipole moment to multipole moment, leading to the development from conventional topological insulators (TIs) to higher‐order TIs, i.e., from the bulk polarization as primary topological index, to the fractional corner charge as secondary topological index. The authors here extend this development by theoretically discovering a higher‐order end TI (HOETI) in a real projective lattice and experimentally verifying the prediction using topolectric circuits. A HOETI realizes a dipole‐symmetry‐protected phase in a higher‐dimensional space (conventionally in one dimension), which manifests as 0D topologically protected end states and a fractional end charge. The discovered bulk‐end correspondence reveals that the fractional end charge, which is proportional to the bulk topological invariant, can serve as a generic bulk probe of higher‐order topology. The authors identify the HOETI experimentally by the presence of localized end states and a fractional end charge. The results demonstrate the existence of fractional charges in non‐Euclidean manifolds and open new avenues for understanding the interplay between topological obstructions in real and momentum space.
Oxide‐Based Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors with Stable and Tunable Relaxation Responses for Deep Time‐Delayed Reservoir Computing
Authors: Fang Renrui , Wang Shaocong , Zhang Woyu , Ren Kuan , Sun Wenxuan , Wang Fei , Lai Jinru , Zhang Peiwen , Xu Xiaoxin , Luo Qing , Li Ling , Wang Zhongrui , Shang Dashan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTime‐delayed reservoir computing with marked strengths of friendly hardware implementation and low training cost is regarded as a promising solution to realize time and energy‐efficient time series information processing and thus receives growing attention. However, achieving a sufficient number of reproducible reservoir states remains a significant challenge, which severely limits its computing performance. Here, an electric‐double‐layer‐coupled oxide‐based electrolyte‐gated transistor with a shared gate and varying channel lengths is developed to construct a deep time‐delayed reservoir computing system. A variety of short‐term synaptic responses related to inherent ion‐electron‐coupled dynamics at the electrolyte/channel interface are demonstrated, reflecting a flexibly regulable channel current. Different stable and tunable relaxation responses corresponding to varying channel lengths are obtained to enrich reservoir states combined with virtual nodes ways. The spoken‐digit classification and Hénon map prediction tasks are implemented with high accuracy (≈92.2%) and ultralow normalized root mean square error (≈0.013), respectively, validating the significant improvement of the computing performance by introducing additional relaxation responses. This work opens a promising pathway in exploiting oxide‐based electrolyte‐gated transistors for realizing temporal information processing hardware systems.
What is the crux of successful living‐donor liver transplantation for recipients aged 70 and beyond?
Authors: Toshima Takeo , Itoh Shinji , Nagao Yoshihiro , Yoshiya Shohei , Bekki Yuki , Izumi Takuma , Iseda Norifumi , Tsutsui Yuriko , Toshida Katsuya , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThere is limited evidence regarding the feasibility of living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for patients aged over 70. The aims of this study were to assess postoperative outcomes in elderly recipients and to ascertain the potential feasibility and acceptability of LDLT.MethodsData were collected from 762 recipients, including 26 in the elderly group (aged ≥70) and 736 in the younger group (aged <70), and reviewed even by propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the frequency of postoperative complications between the two groups. Additionally, both groups exhibited a comparable 30‐day mortality rate after LDLT (3.9% in both) and similar hospital stays (36 days vs. 40 days). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft survival rates in the elderly group were 92.0%, which was comparable to those in the younger group (p = 0.517), as confirmed by PSM. Notably, all donors for elderly patients were the children of the recipients, with an average age of 41.6 years, and grafts from donors aged ≥50 years were not utilized, signifying the use of high‐quality grafts. Our inclusion criterion for elderly recipients was strictly defined as an ECOG‐PS score of 0–2, which played a pivotal role in achieving favorable postoperative outcomes.ConclusionLDLT can be performed safely for elderly patients aged 70 years or older, provided they have a preserved PS and receive high‐quality grafts from younger donors, inevitably all children of elderly recipients. This approach yields acceptable long‐term outcomes. Consequently, age alone should not serve as an absolute contraindication for LDLT.
Evaluation of functionality‐mobility in patients with skeletal dysplasias. Application of the STEMS tool (“everyday symptoms and mobility screening tool for skeletal dysplasias”)
Authors: Ramos‐Mejia Rosario , Isoldi G. , Ireland P. J. , Rodriguez Celin M. , Fano V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndividuals with differing forms of skeletal dysplasias (SD) frequently report impaired mobility and symptoms. With the objetive to evaluate mobility and associated symptoms in people with SD at an Argentinian pediatric hospital, using an Argentinian version of the Screening Tool for Everyday Mobility and Symptoms (STEMS), a simple questionnaire that allows clinicians to quickly identify the presence of symptoms associated with mobility in people with SD, while considering different environmental settings and the use of assistive devices, an analytical study of a consecutive sample of patients older than 5 years with SD and their affected relatives was carried out.Diagnosis, comorbidities, socioenvironmental, therapeutic, auxological and mobility variables were recorded. The presence and intensity of symptoms was noted through use of both the STEMS and validated scales. Descriptive, association and correlation analyzes were performed. One hundred and nineteen individuals with SD were enrolled in the study and divided into groups: Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI, n = 55), Achondroplasia (ACH, n = 36) and Other SD resulting in disproportionate short stature (n = 28). Mobility assistive devices were almost exclusively used by individuals with OI. They were more frequently used by individuals with overweight and obesity, more severe form of the disease and in the outdoor settings. Two thirds (66.4%) of the individuals assessed in this study reported pain, 87.4% reported fatigue, and 58.8% reported both pain and fatigue. The intensity of symptoms was similar between groups and correlated with age and auxological variables. The STEMS was clear, easy and quick to use for identifying presence of pain and fatigue in this population group. The STEMS proved to be a simple and useful tool for evaluating functional mobility and associated symptoms in our population of individuals with SD.
Ligand‐Mediated Magnetism‐Conversion Nanoprobes for Activatable Ultra‐High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liang Zeyu , Xiao Lin , Wang Qiyue , Zhang Bo , Mo Wenkui , Xie Shangzhi , Liu Xun , Chen Ying , Yang Shengfei , Du Hui , Wang Pengzhan , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUltra‐high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a focal point of interest in the field of cancer diagnosis. Despite the ability of current paramagnetic or superparamagnetic smart MRI contrast agents to selectively enhance tumor signals in low‐field MRI, their effectiveness at UHF remains inadequate due to inherent magnetism. Here, we report a ligand‐mediated magnetism‐conversion nanoprobe (MCNP) composed of 3‐mercaptopropionic acid ligand‐coated silver‐gadolinium bimetallic nanoparticles. The MCNP exhibits a pH‐dependent magnetism conversion from ferromagnetism to diamagnetism, facilitating tunable nanomagnetism for pH‐activatable UHF MRI. Under neutral pH, the thiolate (−S−) ligands lead to short τ′m and increased magnetization of the MCNPs. Conversely, in the acidic tumor microenvironment, the thiolate ligands are protonated and transform into thiol (−SH) ligands, resulting in prolonged τ′m and decreased magnetization of the MCNP, thereby enhancing longitudinal relaxivity (r1) values at UHF MRI. Notably, under a 9 T MRI field, the pH‐sensitive changes in Ag−S binding affinity of the MCNP lead to a remarkable (>10‐fold) r1 increase in an acidic medium (pH 5.0). In vivo studies demonstrate the capability of MCNPs to amplify MRI signal of hepatic tumors, suggesting their potential as a next‐generation UHF‐tailored smart MRI contrast agent.
Indirect solution modeling of melting behavior of SiO2 based on the image processing technology
Authors: Lu Cunhao , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jiayi , Sun Weixiang , Xia Anying , Zhang Mingli , Chen Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe utilization of tempered blast‐furnace slag through the direct fiber forming process to produce high‐value thermal insulation materials offers a dual benefit: it efficiently utilizes the latent heat in the unused slag and significantly increases the value of blast‐furnace slag utilization. However, measuring the melting properties of iron slag at high temperatures is challenging. In this study, the melting behavior of SiO2 in a high‐temperature molten pool was investigated. We employ dynamic visual data (video stream) captured via a non‐contact charge coupled device video recording system to extract SiO2 contours through image processing. The change in image centroid characteristics is used to establish a convolution function relationship, and MATLAB's traversal search algorithm determines the centroid position of SiO2. Given that SiO2 is proportionate to crucible pixels, the area of the SiO2 is calculated through pixel statistics within these contours. A new indirect method is then proposed to process image information to obtain SiO2 volume and mass at different time points. An exponential fitting yields the melting rate function of SiO2. Finally, this indirect method has been compared with shape from shading, quantitative characterization, and dimensional analysis techniques. Besides, the strengths and limitations of each method have been discussed. Our findings reveal that the indirect solution method presented here boasts straightforward calculation steps and imposes minimal image format requirements, which provides theoretical and technical support for the direct fiber forming process of blast‐furnace slag.
Living and post‐mortemCTscans in the gross anatomy lab: A study investigating differences in first‐year medical students' exam performance and perceptions
Authors: Brown William , Afshari Sam , Zhou Megan , Lythgoe Jacob , Walsh Ryan , Hielscher Abigail C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBasic competency in radiological imaging is essential for physicians to identify and manage diseases. An optimal place in which to include imaging in the medical curriculum is during anatomy as students can correlate the 3D anatomy from their body donors with the 2D cross‐sectional anatomy. The goal of this project was to enhance first‐year medical students' knowledge of cross‐sectional imaging in the gross anatomy lab and to investigate whether there are benefits to learning cross sectional imaging via scans from body donors versus living individuals. Student participant performance was evaluated on laboratory practical examinations, CT image questions and spatial anatomical knowledge in the thorax and abdomen sections of gross anatomy. Students learned the cross‐sectional imaging during dissections where they accessed the images relevant to their study on Pacsbin, a web‐based Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine viewer, via iPads. Results showed no statistically significant differences in practical examination scores, spatial anatomical knowledge, or identification of anatomical structures on CT image questions between participants who learned from images on body donors versus living individuals. In a questionnaire given at the end of the course, participants cited that the CT images improved their anatomical and imaging knowledge and that they felt better prepared to use imaging software and interpret diagnostic imaging results upon entering clerkships. While there were no differences in academic performance between the groups, positive outcomes regarding student perceptions of anatomical and imaging knowledge and preparedness for use of imaging software were identified in this study.
Case study on the formation of a torrential‐rainfall‐producing southwest vortex: Backward trajectory analyses and sensitivity simulations
Authors: Yang Kang‐Quan , Xiao Di‐Xiang , Jiang Xing‐Wen , Mai Zi , Fu Shen‐Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe southwest vortices (SWVs) are a unique type of mesoscale vortex that frequently induce torrential rainfall in China. In this study, we focused a long‐lived quasi‐stationary SWV, which was the primary system for producing an extremely heavy rainstorm within/around Sichuan (the maximum hourly precipitation was ~103.8 mm) in Mid July 2021. After reproduced the SWV's formation by using Weather Research and Forecasting model, we conducted trajectory analyses and topography sensitivity simulations to understand the effects of complicated topography on the vortex's formation. It is found that, the regions south and southwest of the SWV acted as the most important source regions for the air clusters that formed the SWV (proportion ≥ 65%), and the air clusters originated from the upper layer contributed the most (≥60%). Of these, the air clusters sourced from the upper layer southwest and south of the SWV played the most important role in the SWV's formation, as their increase in cyclonic vorticity and their contributions to trajectory number and vorticity were all much larger than those of the others. Sensitivity simulations indicated that, detailed topography features around the Sichuan Basin were crucial in determining the structure, intensity and precipitation of the SWV, whereas, the topography features were not a decisive factor for the SWV's formation. In summary, our findings are useful to enrich the current understanding of the SWVs' formation, which would be helpful to improve the related forecasts.
Charmed meson pair production in high‐energy pp$$ pp $$ collisions within the QCD color dipole approach
Authors: Sampaio dos Santos Glauber , da Silveira Gustavo Gil , Machado Magno Valério Trindade 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA study of double‐charmed meson production in high‐energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Considering the color dipole formalism developed in the transverse momentum representation along with the double parton scattering mechanism, predictions are made for the transverse momentum differential cross section for different pairs of ‐mesons. The theoretical results cover the center‐of‐mass energy and forward rapidities available by the LHCb experiment. The proton–proton results considering different unintegrated gluon distributions are compared to the respective data collected at the LHC.
Fast concurrent determination of guaifenesin and pholcodine in formulations and spiked plasma using first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric approach
Authors: Roshdy Aya , Salam Randa Abdel , Hadad Ghada , Belal Fathalla , Elmansi Heba 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGuaifenesin and pholcodine are frequently co‐formulated in certain dosage forms. A new fast first derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method has been used for their simultaneous analysis in mixtures. Here, first derivative synchronous spectrofluorometry enabled the successful simultaneous estimation of guaifenesin at 283 nm and pholcodine at 275 nm using a wavelength difference (Δλ) of 40 nm. The method was fully validated following International Council of Harmonization guidelines. For guaifenesin and pholcodine, linearity was determined within the corresponding ranges of 0.05–0.30 and 0.10–6.0 μg/ml. The two drugs were effectively analyzed using the developed approach in their respective formulations, and the results showed good agreement with those attained using reference methods. The method demonstrated excellent sensitivity, with detection limits down to 0.007 and 0.030 μg/ml and quantitation limits of 0.020 and 0.010 μg/ml for guaifenesin and pholcodine, respectively. Therefore, the procedure was successful in determining these drugs simultaneously in vitro in spiked plasma samples and syrup dosage form. The developed methodology also offered an environmentally friendly advantage by utilizing water as the optimal diluting solvent throughout the whole work. Different greenness approaches were investigated to ensure the method’s ecofriendly properties.
Dynamic flux balance analysis of high cell density fed‐batch culture of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with mass spectrometry‐based spent media analysis
Authors: Dodia Hardik , Mishra Vivek , Nakrani Prajval , Muddana Charandatta , Kedia Anant , Rana Sneha , Sahasrabuddhe Deepti , Wangikar Pramod P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamic flux balance analysis (FBA) allows estimation of intracellular reaction rates using organism‐specific genome‐scale metabolic models (GSMM) and by assuming instantaneous pseudo‐steady states for processes that are inherently dynamic. This technique is well‐suited for industrial bioprocesses employing complex media characterized by a hierarchy of substrate uptake and product secretion. However, knowledge of exchange rates of many components of the media would be required to obtain meaningful results. Here, we performed spent media analysis using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid and gas chromatography for a fed‐batch, high‐cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) expressing a recombinant protein. Time course measurements thus obtained for 246 metabolites were converted to instantaneous exchange rates. These were then used as constraints for dynamic FBA using a previously reported GSMM, thus providing insights into how the flux map evolves through the process. Changes in tri‐carboxylic acid cycle fluxes correlated with the increased demand for energy during recombinant protein production. The results show how amino acids act as hubs for the synthesis of other cellular metabolites. Our results provide a deeper understanding of an industrial bioprocess and will have implications in further optimizing the process.
Porous pathways: Exploring the future of conducting polymers
Authors: Ham Hyeonseong , Sim Geunhong , Choi Woongsik , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConducting polymers (CPs) possess the intrinsic attractive properties of conventional polymers, coupled with unique electronic characteristics reminiscent of metals or semiconductors. Nanostructured CPs have recently gained significant interest for their distinct advantages over bulk counterparts. They demonstrate potential applications in energy storage devices, sensors, and catalysts, attributed to their large surface areas and shortened charge transport paths. A crucial structural aspect in this context includes introducing porous morphologies into CPs, and enhancing their functionality through interconnected channels. In this review, various synthetic methods of nanostructured CPs are introduced, emphasizing two‐dimensional (2D) configurations. The primary objective is to achieve high‐performance devices with highly organized stacking of conjugated backbones. Particular attention is placed on integrating 2D structures and porous morphologies into CPs through ice‐assisted methods and interfacial synthesis. The review also highlights successful applications of porous 2D CPs in practical devices and explores insights into future developments in the porous CPs field.