bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of progressive carbonation on heavy metal leaching from cement‐bound waste
Authors: Van Gerven T. , Cornelis G. , Vandoren E. , Vandecasteele C. , Garrabrants A. C. , Sanchez F. , Kosson D. S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractContradictory leaching results from carbonated cement‐bound wastes have been reported in various investigations. However, the degree of carbonation of the examined samples is rarely considered as an important parameter in leaching results. This article focuses on the effect of progressive carbonation on leaching properties of cement‐bound waste (bottom ash or flue gas cleaning residue), including uncarbonated, partially carbonated, and almost completely carbonated samples. Leaching is investigated after carbonation by means of semi‐dynamic leaching of monoliths, supported by batch solubility and release measurements on particle‐size reduced material. For partially carbonated samples, leaching of metals is in most cases less than observed from uncarbonated samples, resulting from the conversion of hydroxides to carbonates. For completely carbonated samples, increased leaching of most metals was observed in comparison to partially carbonated samples, resulting from leachate induced transformation of carbonate into more soluble bicarbonate speciation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Gestaltung der Siliciumoxidoberfläche durch selbstorganisierte Monoschichten
Authors: Onclin Steffen , Ravoo Bart Jan , Reinhoudt David N. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNur wenige Nanometer dicke molekulare Monoschichten können die Eigenschaften von Oberflächen vollkommen verändern. Die Herstellung dieser molekularen Monoschichten kann leicht durch die Langmuir‐Blodgett‐Methode oder durch chemische Adsorption (Chemisorption) an Metall‐ und Oxidoberflächen erfolgen. Dieser Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf chemisorbierte selbstorganisierte Monoschichten (SAMs) als Plattformen für die Funktionalisierung von Siliciumoxidoberflächen. Die Organisation von Molekülen und molekularen Aufbauten auf Siliciumoxid wird in der “Bottom‐Up”‐Nanofabrikation einen außerordentlichen Platz einnehmen und könnte Gebiete wie die Nanoelektronik und die Biotechnologie in naher Zukunft revolutionieren. In den letzten Jahren wurden selbstorganisierte Monoschichten auf Siliciumoxid so weit entwickelt und mit verschiedenen lithographischen Methoden kombiniert, dass neue Nanofabrikationsstrategien und biologische Arrays entwickelt werden können. Will man Fortschritte auf dem Weg von der Bildung zweidimensionaler Muster hin zur dreidimensionalen Fabrikation erzielen, ist die Kontrolle von Oberflächeneigenschaften im Nanometerbereich von größter Bedeutung.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced changes in insulin‐producing β‐cells
Authors: Parkash Jai , Chaudhry Muhammad A. , Rhoten William B. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe migration of macrophages and lymphocytes that produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) causes β‐cell death, leading to type 1 diabetes. Similarly, in type 2 diabetes, the adipocyte‐derived cytokines including TNF‐α are elevated in the circulation, causing inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, the studies described in this article using TNF‐α are relevant to furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. We used RINr1046‐38 (RIN) insulin‐producing β‐cells, which constitutively express calbindin‐D28k, to characterize the effect of TNF‐α on apoptosis, replication, insulin release, and gene and protein expression. Western blots of TNF‐α‐treated RIN cells revealed a decrease in calbindin‐D28k. By ELISA, TNF‐α‐treated β‐cells had 47% less calbindin‐D28k than controls. In association with the decline in calbindin‐D28k, TNF‐α treatment of RIN cells led to a 73% greater increase in changes in intracellular calcium concentration (Δ[Ca2+]i) in TNF‐α‐treated cells as compared to that in control RIN cells upon treatment with 50 mM KCl; caused a greater increase in the [Ca2+]i following the addition of 5.5 μM ionomycin; increased by more than threefold the apoptotic rate, expressed as the percentage of TUNEL‐positive nuclei to total nuclei; decreased the rate of cell replication by 36%; and increased and decreased selectively the expression of specific genes as determined by microarray analysis. The subcellular localizations of Bcl‐2, an antiapoptotic protein, and Bax, a proapoptotic protein, within RIN cells were altered with TNF‐α treatment such that the two were colocalized with mitochondria in the perinuclear region. We conclude that the proapoptotic action of TNF‐α on β‐cells is manifested via decreased expression of calbindin‐D28k and is mediated at least in part by [Ca2+]i. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bauen im demographischen Wandel
Authors: Scholl Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDie demographischen Veränderungen und die damit verknüpften Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft rücken immer mehr in den Vordergrund des Interesses. Die Daten und Fakten sind seit langem klar. Stichworte wie “Bevölkerungsabnahme” und “Überalterung” sind bekannt. Mit den konkreten Folgen beginnt man sich aber erst jetzt ernsthaft auseinanderzusetzen. Dabei stehen Themen wie die Altersvorsorge im Zentrum des Interesses, aber auch der Baubereich bleibt von diesen Entwicklungen nicht unberührt. Für den Baumarkt werden dabei zumeist eher negative Konsequenzen in den Vordergrund gerückt. Es wird übersehen, welche soziale Aufgabe und damit besondere Chancen für das Bauen und den Baumarkt gerade auch im demographischen Wandel liegen. Im Wohnungsbau geht es vorrangig um die Anpassung des Bestandes an eine veränderte Nachfrage und an aktuelle technische Anforderungen wie Wärme‐ und Schallschutz, in der Städtebaupolitik um den Paradigmenwechsel von “gesteuertem Wachstum” hin zum “gestaltenden Umbau”.
Kosten‐ und energieoptimierte Raumerlebnishäuser
Authors: Sahner Georg 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDer Trend zur preiswerten Immobilie wird für den Wohnungsbau bestimmend. Die Planer müssen deshalb – bei noch akzeptabler architektonischer Qualität – erhebliche Anstrengungen für die notwendigen Kostenreduzierungen unternehmen. Hilfreich sind dabei verschiedene innovative Entwicklungen, wie z. B. die “Fastfertigteilprodukte”. Im folgenden werden beispielhaft drei Neubausysteme und ein Sanierungsmodell vorgestellt, die den Anforderungen an kostengünstiges, bauphysikalisch hochwertiges und architektonisch ansprechendes Bauen in hohem Maße entsprechen.
The Curtius Rearrangement of Acyl Azides Revisited – Formation of Cyanate (R–O–CN)
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Bornemann Holger 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Curtius rearrangement is a synthesis of isocyanates (R–N=C=O) by thermal or photochemical rearrangement of acyl acides and/or acylnitrenes. The photochemical rearrangement of benzoyl azide is now shown for the first time to produce a small amount of phenyl cyanate (Ph–O–CN) together with phenyl isocyanate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Brain areas involved in medial temporal lobe seizures: A principal component analysis of ictal SPECT data
Authors: Weder Bruno J. , Schindler Kaspar , Loher Thomas J. , Wiest Roland , Wissmeyer Michael , Ritter Peter , Lovblad Karl , Donati Filippo , Missimer John 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe study describes brain areas involved in medial temporal lobe (mTL) seizures of 12 patients. All patients showed so‐called oro‐alimentary behavior within the first 20 s of clinical seizure manifestation characteristic of mTL seizures. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were acquired from the patients in ictal and interictal phases and from normal volunteers. Image analysis employed categorical comparisons with statistical parametric mapping and principal component analysis (PCA) to assess functional connectivity. PCA supplemented the findings of the categorical analysis by decomposing the covariance matrix containing images of patients and healthy subjects into distinct component images of independent variance, including areas not identified by the categorical analysis. Two principal components (PCs) discriminated the subject groups: patients with right or left mTL seizures and normal volunteers, indicating distinct neuronal networks implicated by the seizure. Both PCs were correlated with seizure duration, one positively and the other negatively, confirming their physiological significance. The independence of the two PCs yielded a clear clustering of subject groups. The local pattern within the temporal lobe describes critical relay nodes which are the counterpart of oro‐alimentary behavior: (1) right mesial temporal zone and ipsilateral anterior insula in right mTL seizures, and (2) temporal poles on both sides that are densely interconnected by the anterior commissure. Regions remote from the temporal lobe may be related to seizure propagation and include positively and negatively loaded areas. These patterns, the covarying areas of the temporal pole and occipito‐basal visual association cortices, for example, are related to known anatomic paths. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can hopelessness and adolescents' beliefs and attitudes about seeking help account for help negation?
Authors: Wilson Coralie J. , Deane Frank P. , Ciarrochi Joseph 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAvoidance of appropriate help is common in acutely suicidal samples and has been confirmed in nonclinical samples but factors that contribute to this help negation effect remain unclear. In a sample of 269 nonclinical Australian high school students, the current study examines the impact of hopelessness, previous mental health care, beliefs, and attitudes toward professional psychological help on the help negation relationship. Results revealed that suicidal ideation significantly predicted lower help seeking intentions and that although hopelessness could not explain the help negation effect, it moderated the effect for seeking help from family. They also revealed that although previous mental health care was unable to explain the effect fully for professional mental health sources, beliefs and attitudes about professional psychological help could. Implications of the findings for prevention, primary health care, and professional psychological practice are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 61: 1525–1539, 2005.
Volume of extracellular polymeric substance coverage of individual Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterium measured by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Teschke Omar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans response to stress associated with the drying process is known to be the production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) coverage. Here, samples of A. ferrooxidans suspensions grown in 1.8 pH and 3.0 pH and dried on mica and silicon are shown to form a structure of isolated bacteria. Individual bacteria coverage patterns were imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on hydrophobic (silicon) and hydrophilic (mica) substrates. A comparison of images of covered and uncovered bacteria establish the volume of individual EPS coverage. The EPS production for bacteria on hydrophobic substrates shows a substantial decrease (a factor of 30) in the EPS volume per bacterium when compared with the one on hydrophilic substrates. Shape and volume determination of EPS structures on bacteria as a function of hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the substrate may help to determine the functions of EPS on bacterial aggregates. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:312–316, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative histological and ultrastructural features of opercula of normally erupting human teeth
Authors: Verma Damian K. , Nair P.N. Ramachandran , Luder Hans U. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTooth eruption across the mucosa in humans has been studied rarely, although there are disturbances of eruption that are attributed specifically to failure of the supraosseous eruptive migration. The aim of this study was to analyze the soft tissues covering normally erupting teeth so as to get an insight into the supraosseous phase of tooth eruption and to provide the basis for comparison with cases of eruption disturbances. Six opercula covering normally erupting permanent molars (primary opercula) and six of succedaneous teeth (secondary opercula) were surgically removed from 10 patients aged 7.5–17.5 years. Specimens were examined light and electron microscopically and analyzed morphometrically. All opercula contained strands and islands of odontogenic epithelium, prominent numbers of high endothelial venules, nerves, and mast cells. Nerves comprised normally structured, 1.5–3.5 μm thick myelinated (Aδ) and thinner unmyelinated (C) fibers. In primary opercula, the proportions of blood vessels and nerves were three‐ and sevenfold higher than the respective values for the secondary opercula. Furthermore, primary opercula contained multinucleated, fibroblast‐like giant cells that were not observed in secondary opercula. As all teeth under investigation were erupting normally, neither the presence of the giant cells nor the atypical proportions of blood vessels and nerves appeared to be decisive in the eruption process. These conspicuous tissue components of opercula seem merely to accompany the eruptive tooth movement. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:279–285, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of microscopy in authentication of Chinese patent medicine—Bo Ying compound
Authors: Zhao Zhong‐Zhen , Hu Ya‐Ni , Wong Yuk‐Wo , Wong Wan‐Chi Gigi , Wu Kim , Jiang Zhi‐Hong , Kang Tingguo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo establish a quality control method for the Chinese Patent Medicine (CPM)—Bo Ying Compound (BYC), a comparison study was carried out on it with microscopy. The micro‐morphological characteristics of its 22 components in the CPM and in the crude constituents have been documented and compared with each other. Their corresponding features were described and documented with color digital micrographs, so as to authenticate the presence of genuine crude constituents in BYC. The results showed that almost all constituents of BYC are found within their representative fragments in the CPM except one (Borax) that could dissolve or merge with the other components. Also the study indicated that light microscopy, an easy and economical method, could be used for the identification of this kind of CPM that contains plant and animal materials without the specific characteristic chemical marker compounds. Microsc. Res. Tech. 67:305–311, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo analysis of a genetically modified adenoviral vector targeted to human CD40 using a novel transient transgenic model
Authors: Izumi Miiru , Kawakami Yosuke , Glasgow Joel N. , Belousova Natalya , Everts Maaike , Kim‐Park SangAe , Yamamoto Seiji , Wang Minghui , Le Long P. , Reynolds Paul N. , Curiel David T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundRetargeting is necessary to overcome the limitations of adenovirus (Ad)‐based gene therapy vectors. To this end, we previously constructed an adenovirus with the fiber knob domain replaced by a fibritin trimerization motif fused to the CD40 ligand (Ad5Luc.FF/CD40L). We demonstrated the utility of this fiber replacement strategy for targeting CD40 (hCD40) on human dendritic cells in vitro. The in vivo targeting capacity of this virus, however, is unknown, and there is a limited repertoire of animal models that present hCD40 at an accessible site. Therefore, a new animal model for evaluating CD40‐targeted vectors is required.MethodsWe constructed a recombinant adenovirus that expresses hCD40 under transcriptional control of the flt‐1 promoter (AdflthCD40). Expression of hCD40 was validated both in vitro and in transgenic mice expressing the human coxsackie adenovirus receptor (hCAR mice). We then evaluated the targeting efficiency of Ad5Luc.FF/CD40L to hCD40 expressed in the pulmonary vasculature of the hCAR mice.ResultsInfection of flt‐1‐positive cells with AdflthCD40 resulted in abundant hCD40 expression in vitro, which could subsequently be targeted by Ad5Luc.FF/CD40L. In vivo administration of AdflthCD40 to hCAR mice resulted in hCD40 expression in the pulmonary vasculature, which was successfully targeted with systemically administered Ad5Luc.FF/CD40L.ConclusionsThis is the first data showing that genetically modified Ad5Luc.FF/CD40L can successfully target hCD40 in vivo. Our data also establishes the utility of transcriptionally targeted, Ad‐mediated transient expression of human target molecules in the pulmonary vasculature of hCAR mice as models for in vivo analysis of targeted gene therapy vectors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False positive antibody results against human T‐cell lymphotropic virus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Tsao Kuo‐Chien , Chen Guang‐Wu , Huang Chung‐Guei , Huang Ya‐Ling , Lin Jing‐Yi , Keng Mok‐Chee , Sun Chien‐Fen , Shih Shin‐Ru 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTaiwan suffered from the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Our laboratory performed a series of virology and serology tests for SARS patients admitted to our hospital. Cross‐reactivity was found when testing for antibody against human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in one patient with SARS. Therefore, antibodies against HTLV were examined in paired‐sera from 26 SARS patients. ELISA and a neutralization test were used to measure anti‐SARS antibodies. Seroconversion for antibody against SARS‐CoV was observed in all patients. Surprisingly, with the use of ELISA for HTLV, sera for 13 patients were positive for HTLV (50%), and seroconversion for HTLV was also observed in 10 patients (38.5%). Western blot for HTLV on those 26 paired‐sera from 13 HTLV‐positive patients displayed 5 positive results for HTLV‐I, 7 positive results for HTLV‐II, 1 positive result for both HTLV‐I and II, 9 negative results for either HTLV‐I or HTLV‐II, and 4 “indeterminate” results. The findings that antibody to HTLV can be detected in blood samples collected from SARS patients provide important information for safe handling of blood products. Without such knowledge, blood products can be discarded mistakenly even though they contain anti‐SARS‐CoV antibodies that may be potentially valuable for SARS therapy. J. Med. Virol. 77:331–336, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Vertical transmission of HIV in Ghanaian women diagnosed in cord blood and post‐natal samples
Authors: Fischetti Lucia , Danso Kwabena , Dompreh Albert , Addo Victor , Haaheim Lars , Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHIV RNA detection in the newborn is the main diagnostic tool for vertical transmission. Most infections are thought to occur peri‐ or post‐natally, hence preventive antiviral therapy administered days before and during delivery. This study used cord blood for molecular diagnosis, examined viral load and HIV‐1 subtypes as determinants of transmission, and compared molecular variability of maternal, cord blood, and post‐natal quasispecies. Ninety‐seven seropositive mother‐cord blood paired plasmas from Ghana were tested for HIV RNA. Viral load was quantified and a subgroup of 45 random women samples was typed and subtyped. HIV‐1 from infected pairs was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed phylogenetically. The prevalence of HIV infection in pregnant women was 3.3%. 13/97 cord blood samples (13.5%) contained HIV RNA. No correlation between either viral load at labor (range 103–107) or HIV‐1 subtype and in utero transmission was found. In both transmitting and non‐transmitting mothers, 56% of HIV‐1 strains were CRF02_AG. In three pairs, maternal and cord blood quasispecies were closely related, suggesting late pregnancy or perinatal transmission, while in four pairs, genetic distances suggested transmission earlier during gestation. Maternal viral load and genotype did not correlate with HIV‐1 pre‐natal transmission. HIV infection during gestation appears relatively frequent. J. Med. Virol. 77:351–359, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific interactions of mouse organ proteins with the 5′untranslated region of coxsackievirus B3: Potential determinants of viral tissue tropism
Authors: Cheung Paul Kim‐ming , Yuan Ji , Zhang Huifang M. , Chau David , Yanagawa Bobby , Suarez Agripina , McManus Bruce , Yang Decheng 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCoxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infects multiple organs of humans and causes different diseases such as myocarditis, pancreatitis, and meningitis. However, the mechanisms of organ‐specific tropism are poorly understood. Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) have been known to be important determinants for tissue tropism. However, current data on CAR mRNA expression in certain organs of mouse did not correlate well with the susceptibility of the respective tissues, suggesting that intracellular proteins may also play important roles in the regulation of viral infectivity through interaction with viral RNA. To search for such proteins and their interacting sites, we performed in situ hybridization to detect viral RNA in the organs of 4‐week‐ and 10‐week‐old CVB3‐infected mice and then correlated the data to patterns of host protein‐viral RNA interactions. We found that heart and pancreas are the most heavily infected organs while the kidney remains highly resistant to the virus. The brain exhibited localized foci of viral replication, while the heart and liver showed random distribution of CVB3 RNA. The exocrine pancreas is highly susceptible to CVB3 infection but the endocrine cell type is resistant. In contrast to infections in other organs, mouse heart appears more resistant to CVB3 infection with increasing age. This resistance to infection in the kidney and older heart correlates well with the interaction of a 28 kDa mouse protein with the antisense sequence of nucleotides 210–529 of CVB3 5UTR. In addition, more intensified protein interactions were found within the nucleotides 530–630, a region that contains the internal ribosome entry site, which supports the previous findings that this segment plays critical roles in regulation of viral replication. J. Med. Virol. 77:414–424, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of high‐risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses harboring atypical distribution in women of childbearing age living in Libreville, Gabon
Authors: Si‐Mohamed Ali , Ndjoyi‐Mbiguino Angélique , Cuschieri Kate , Onas Isabelle Ndombi , Colombet Isabelle , Ozouaki Francis , Goff Jérôme Le , Cubie Heather , Bélec Laurent 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe extent of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital shedding and type‐specific diversity were evaluated in 354 consecutive women of childbearing age living in Libreville, Gabon. Detection of HPV DNA was performed by PCR using the MY09/MY11 primer set on DNA extracted from endocervical swabs. All PCR positive specimens were subjected to direct sequencing and HPV genotypes were identified on the basis of >95% sequence homology in the L1 region. Reverse line blot hybridization assay was used when a genotype could not be resolved by sequencing alone. HPV DNA was detected in 163 (46%) women, all clinically asymptomatic for HPV‐related lesions. The highest prevalence of genital HPV detection (45%) was in the age group from 22 to 29 years. A total of 90 women (55%) harbored high‐risk (HR) genotypes, with the most common being HPV‐53 (19; 12%), HPV‐58 (17; 11%), and HPV‐16 (16; 10%). Low‐risk genotypes were found in 36 (22%) women with HPV‐54 and HPV‐70 being the most frequently detected (17; 11% and 10; 6%, respectively). Finally 37 women (23%) tested positive for genotypes of unknown oncogenic risk, the most common in this category being HPV‐83 (20; 12%). Multiple infections were detected in 35 (21%) women. By multivariate analysis, HPV genital shedding was significantly associated with young age (OR: 0.34; P < 0.007). The multivalent vaccine currently available against cervical carcinomas, is only active against HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, and will thus have a low impact in this setting. J. Med. Virol. 77:430–438, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.