bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic neuritis and mydriasis after vaccination: a case report
Authors: Bonamigo Elcio Luiz , Kuyava Pamela , Zanotto Taísa Sacomori Paula Reginatto , Duran Arthur Gabriel , Trucolo Luisa , Rossi Eglas Emanuel , Stock Ricardo Alexandre , Grasel Claudia Elisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Optic neuritis (ON) is an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the optic nerve with various causes. Its incidence is greater in children and young adults than in older adults of both genders, but it is more common in women than in men. ON is rarely associated with mydriasis, and it is seldom triggered by vaccines against tetanus and diphtheria.
Case report:
A 36-year-old woman presented with bilateral ON that started 18 days after administration of a booster dose of the double adult vaccine (dT) for diphtheria and tetanus. Bilateral mydriasis persisted after treatment, and the ON was clinically resolved. She experienced severe headache, blurred vision, decreased visual acuity in the right eye and bilateral mydriasis, a diagnosis confirmed by imaging tests. Treatment with oral corticosteroids resulted in rapid resolution of the neuritis; however, mydriasis persisted for several months.
Conclusion
This study describes a very unusual case in which bilateral ON was associated with prolonged mydriasis after vaccination for tetanus and diphtheria that regressed after treatment with oral corticosteroids. Prolonged mydriasis was the manifestation that differed from the other cases previously described.
Critical velocity for quantized vortex formation in a superfluid with a plate-shaped obstacle
Authors: Kokubo Haruya , Takeuchi Hiromitsu , Kasamatsu Kenichi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the dependence of the critical velocity for quantum vortex formulation on the size L of a plate-shaped obstacle moving in a uniform Bose-Einstein condenste in quasi-two-dimensions.Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation reveal that the critical velocity vc is proportional to L-1/2 when L is much larger than the healing length. The power law behavior is quantitatively explained by the potential flow theory of classical hydrodynamics for the large L limit.
The cell-average based neural network for numerical approximation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hu Dielan , Qiu Changxin , Yang Bo , Li Biao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Given the advantages of machine learning method with accuracy and high efficiency, when compared with classical numerical methods, the cell-average based neural network (CANN) method is proposed to opens up a new field for solving and simulating solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations numerically. Inspired by the finite volume method for solving fluid flow problems, the CANN method seeks to explore shallow and fast neural network solvers to approximate the solution average difference between two consecutive time levels. The CANN method can be considered as a time discretization scheme, which is an explicit one-step method that evolves the solution forward in time. The CANN method is a network method of the finite volume type, which means that it is mesh dependent and is a local solver. The experimental results demonstrate that the CANN method yields satisfactory outcomes at different time steps within the specified time window. Once the neural network has been effectively trained, it can be applied to solve the NLS equation with different initial conditions. Furthermore, the CANN method demonstrates strong generalization ability in processing low-quality data with noise. To enhance the utilization of the CANN method in partial differential equations, we carry out numerical experiments on the NLS equation, which show the high practicality and accuracy of this method.
Jarosite formation in Permian-Triassic strata at Xiakou (South China): Implications for jarosite precipitation from H2S upwelling on Mars
Authors: Hong Hanlie , Liu Chen , Algeo Thomas J. , Rampe Elizabeth B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The source of sulfuric acid and associated aqueous alteration of ancient martian sedimentary rocks remain under debate in the context of divergent models of jarosite formation. Here, we report the formation of sulfates, including jarosite in K-bentonites within shallow-water facies of the Permian-Triassic (P-T) transition at Xiakou in South China. In these strata, jarosite is dispersed in the clay matrix or forms aggregates in pore spaces, has a euhedral morphology, and coexists with variably 34S-depleted paragenetic gypsum and bassanite (δ34S = –37.23‰ to +3.20‰ VCDT). Subaqueous alteration of volcanic tuffs concurrently with oxidation of upwelled, biogenically sourced H2S is the process of jarosite formation in the Xiakou K-bentonites. This mechanism of jarosite precipitation and stability over geological time challenges the long-held view of acidic, water-limited conditions leading to iron(III) sulfate precipitation and would be consistent with possible microbial or nanobial life on early Mars.
Acoustical Analysis of Dextran+urea: Insights into Molecular
Interactions
Authors: Panda Subhraraj 
Published: December 2023

Introduction::
The aim of this study is to determine the acoustic parameters
of polymer dextran with urea. Recent years have seen an increase in the use of ultrasonic
research to describe the physiochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of
liquid solutions at various temperatures and frequencies. The size of the pure component
and the mixtures had an impact on various interactions, molecular mobility, and
kinds of interaction. Which were studied using the acoustical and thermodynamic
characteristics? To ascertain how the solvent urea interacts with the solute dextran at
the molecular level.

Materials and Method:
Dextran (molecular weight of 70000) with 6(M)urea was
used. The solution's density using a pycnometer, viscosity using an Ostwald viscometer,
and ultrasonic velocity using an ultrasonic interferometer were examined.

Results::
The physical properties of the medium are affected by the transmission of
ultrasonic waves, which also teaches us about the physics of liquids and solutions.
Understanding the interactions between the solutes and the solvent in the solution of
dextran and urea, both the evaluated parameters were used, such as free volume, internal
pressure, absorption coefficient, Rao's constant, and Wada's constant, as well as
the observed values, such as ultrasonic velocity, density, and viscosity.

Conclusion::
Based on the modification of these parameters with varied temperature
and frequency, molecular mobility, different types of intermolecular interaction, and
the strength of the bond between the solute (dextran 0.5%) and solvent (6(M) urea) are
investigated. The findings have been explained in terms of a structural reorganisation
in the aqueous dextran solution. At all the temperatures used for the investigation, the
solute-solvent interactions are more significant. The change in the acoustic properties
is small because the frequency variation causes the molecules to move swiftly and
have little chance to interact. Investigating molecular interactions, including electrostriction,
acceptor-donor association, dipole-dipole association, and hydrogen bonding,
has used these properties. Understanding molecular interactions helps one to
comprehend the core issues surrounding the mechanisms of chemical and biological
catalysis and the routes of chemical reactions.
Numerical Investigation and Machine Learning-Based Prediction
of the Effect of Using Ring Turbulators on Heat Transfer
Characteristics in a Counterflow Heat Exchanger
Authors: Solmaz Özgür , Baysal Eşref , Ökten Mert 
Published: December 2023

Background::
Pipe-type heat exchangers are commonly used in industrial
applications to facilitate heat transfer between two fluids at different temperatures
without mixing them.

Method::
In this study, turbulators were employed in a counterflow concentric pipetype
heat exchanger. Water at a flow rate of 50 l/h and a temperature of 298.14 K, and
air at a temperature of 350 K were directed through the inner pipe. The different stages
of circular turbulators placed inside the inner pipe were numerically investigated using
the feasible κ-ε turbulence model. Heat transfer characteristics were examined for a
turbulator-free heat exchanger and for turbulator-heat exchanger models with helical
turbulators of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm pitch at Reynolds numbers ranging from 4000
to 26000. The governing equations for three-dimensional and turbulent flow conditions
in a steady state were solved using a computational fluid dynamics program
based on the finite volume method. Temperature distributions and velocity contours in
the heat exchanger were generated using the data obtained from numerical analysis.
Additionally, predictions were made using artificial neural networks.

Results::
The results revealed that the highest enhancement in heat transfer, amounting to
233.08% compared to the empty tube case, was achieved with the 25 mm pitch turbulator.

Conclusion::
The predictions made using artificial neural networks were in good
agreement with the numerical analysis results. The designed turbulators for the heat
exchanger model promoted turbulent flow, increased the heat transfer area, and led to
an improvement in heat transfer.
Struggles and Triumphs of an Early Childhood STEM Educator:
Authors: Leong Jade , Tan Poh 
Published: December 2023

This interview between a researcher (Poh) and an early childhood educator (Jade) delves into pedagogical approaches to teaching Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) in an early childhood classroom setting, focusing on children aged 1 to 5 years. Jade's journey of understanding and exploring STEM teaching is a reflection of the challenges faced by many early childhood educators. The conversation highlights the significance of teacher self-efficacy and experience, as studies show that higher training in STEM results in higher confidence, leading to higher rates of implementation in the classroom. However, research indicates that early childhood educators often lack in-depth professional preparation in math and science, resulting in insufficient content knowledge and a lack of confidence to provide quality STEM experiences for young learners.
The researcher, being a scientist and science educator, provides support to Jade's efforts in integrating STEM into her practices. Additionally, collaboration with the community, including volunteers from a science museum and the university, plays a crucial role in bolstering her confidence in engaging with STEM subjects.
This interview sheds light on the importance of continuous professional development and support for early childhood educators to effectively implement STEM teaching strategies. By sharing her reflections and experiences, Jade contributes to the development and implementation of integrated pedagogies that bridge the gap between technology, pedagogy, and content. Overall, this interview showcases the transformative impact of collaborative efforts and support systems in empowering early childhood educators to confidently and effectively engage young learners in STEM education.
Science in Informal Learning Spaces: Tinkering Space at Science World
Authors: Lee Kristin 
Published: December 2023

Aside from unique architecture Science World has become iconic for families in Vancouver to explore hands-on exhibits and galleries that nurture their process of discovery and inspire connection with their natural, physical, and built environments. Our value of inquiry-rich, play-based, cross-disciplinary learning is embedded in every aspect of design, from fun interactive exhibits, engaging stage shows, and unique school programs. Throughout Science World you will discover that each gallery focuses on different themes and topics. Gallery spaces have their own narratives, learning goals, and outcomes. One of newest galleries at Science World is our Tinkering Space: The WorkSafeBC Gallery.
The Tinkering Space has daily tinkering programming where you can solve problems, make new things from existing parts, create something cool and imaginative, and learn through experimenting and making mistakes. You’ll also learn about the science behind safety and how important it is to choose the right tools for the job. This informal learning environment captures the playful spirit of Science World all in one place. Creating the Tinkering Space is an iterative journey, and we continue to work hard to build out the visitor experience and pedagogical practice we have today.
Decoding
Authors: Asel Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Decoding delves into my personal experience of growing up in a Western educational system as an undiagnosed neurodiverse student. The purpose of this piece spotlights dyslexia – which in my experience included the daily decoding of written assignments, but also the process of decoding what it meant to be classified as having “poor comprehension” of verbal and social settings in the classroom.
I want Decoding to challenge how we think about neurodiversity, and how Indigenous teachings honours the understanding of people in a holistic way in contrast to more compartmentalized approaches found in Western systems.
I also intend to highlight areas in communication design which underserve neurodiverse people, as well as non-English speakers, and how those in the arts and sciences can collaborate on solutions in design.
Comparing Web-Based and Blended Training for Coping With Challenges of Flexible Work Designs: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Althammer Sarah Elena , Wöhrmann Anne Marit , Michel Alexandra 
Published: December 2023

Background
Workers with flexible work designs (FWDs) face specific challenges, such as difficulties in detaching from work, setting boundaries between work and private life, and recovering from work.

Objective
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention in improving the recovery, work-life balance, and well-being of workers with FWDs compared with a waitlist control group. It also compares the effectiveness of a web-based training format and blended training format.

Methods
In the web-based training format, participants individually completed 6 web-based modules and daily tasks over 6 weeks, learning self-regulation strategies to meet the particular challenges of FWDs. In the blended training format, participants attended 3 group sessions in addition to completing the 6 web-based modules. In a randomized controlled trial, participants were assigned to a web-based intervention group (196/575, 34.1%), blended intervention group (198/575, 34.4%), or waitlist control group (181/575, 31.5%). Study participants self-assessed their levels of primary outcomes (psychological detachment, satisfaction with work-life balance, and well-being) before the intervention, after the intervention, at a 4-week follow-up, and at a 6-month follow-up. The final sample included 373 participants (web-based intervention group: n=107, 28.7%; blended intervention group: n=129, 34.6%; and control group: n=137, 36.7%). Compliance was assessed as a secondary outcome.

Results
The results of multilevel analyses were in line with our hypothesis that both training formats would improve psychological detachment, satisfaction with work-life balance, and well-being. We expected blended training to reinforce these effects, but blended training participants did not profit more from the intervention than web-based training participants. However, they reported to have had more social exchange, and blended training participants were more likely to adhere to the training.

Conclusions
Both web-based and blended training are effective tools for improving the recovery, work-life balance, and well-being of workers with FWDs. Group sessions can increase the likelihood of participants actively participating in web-based modules and exercises.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032721; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00032721
Evaluation of the Needs and Experiences of Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia: Social Media Listening Infosurveillance Study
Authors: Song Junxian , Cui Yuxia , Song Jing , Lee Chongyou , Wu Manyan , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2023

Background
Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Internet usage in China is increasing, giving rise to large-scale data sources, especially to access, disseminate, and discuss medical information. Social media listening (SML) is a new approach to analyze and monitor online discussions related to various health-related topics in diverse diseases, which can generate insights into users’ experiences and expectations. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the utility of SML to understand patients’ cognizance and expectations pertaining to the management of hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to utilize SML to explore the disease cognition level of patients with hypertriglyceridemia, choice of intervention measures, and the status quo of online consultations and question-and-answer (Q&A) search platforms.

Methods
An infosurveillance study was conducted wherein a disease-specific comprehensive search was performed between 2004 and 2020 in Q&A search and online consultation platforms. Predefined single and combined keywords related to hypertriglyceridemia were used in the search, including disease, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment indicators; lifestyle interventions; and therapeutic agents. The search output was aggregated using an aggregator tool and evaluated.

Results
Disease-specific consultation data (n=69,845) and corresponding response data (n=111,763) were analyzed from 20 data sources (6 Q&A search platforms and 14 online consultation platforms). Doctors from inland areas had relatively high voice volumes and appear to exert a substantial influence on these platforms. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia engaging on the internet have an average level of cognition about the disease and its intervention measures. However, a strong demand for the concept of the disease and “how to treat it” was observed. More emphasis on the persistence of the disease and the safety of medications was observed. Young patients have a lower willingness for drug interventions, whereas patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia have a clearer intention to use drug intervention and few patients have a strong willingness for the use of traditional Chinese medicine.

Conclusions
Findings from this disease-specific SML study revealed that patients with hypertriglyceridemia in China actively seek information from both online Q&A search and consultation platforms. However, the integrity of internet doctors’ suggestions on lifestyle interventions and the accuracy of drug intervention recommendations still need to be improved. Further, a combined prospective qualitative study with SML is required for added rigor and confirmation of the relevance of the findings.
The Implementation of Federated Digital Identifiers in Health Care: Rapid Review
Authors: Ramamoorthi Karishini , Stamenova Vess , Liu Rebecca H , Bhattacharyya Onil 
Published: December 2023

Background
Federated digital identifiers (FDIs) have been cited to improve the interoperability of data and information management while enhancing the privacy of individuals verifying their identity on the web. Many countries around the world have implemented FDIs in various sectors, such as banking and government. Similarly, FDIs could improve the experience for those wanting to access their health care information; however, they have only been introduced in a few jurisdictions around the world, and their impact remains unclear.

Objective
The main objective of this environmental scan was to describe how FDIs have been established and implemented to enable patients’ access to health care.

Methods
We conducted this study in 2 stages, with the primary stage being a rapid review, which was supplemented by a targeted gray literature search. Specifically, the rapid review was conducted through a database search of MEDLINE and Embase, which generated a list of countries and their services that use FDIs in health care. This list was then used to conduct a targeted gray literature search using the Google search engine.

Results
A total of 93 references from the database and targeted Google searches were included in this rapid review. FDIs were implemented in health care in 11 countries (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, and Taiwan) and exclusively used with a patient-accessible electronic health record system through a single sign-on interface. The most common FDIs were implemented nationally or provincially, and establishing them usually required individuals to visit a bank or government office in person. In contrast, some countries, such as Australia, allow individuals to verify their identities entirely on the web. We found that despite the potential of FDIs for use in health care to facilitate the amalgamation of health information from different data sources into one platform, the adoption of most health care services that use FDIs remained below 30%. The exception to this was Australia, which had an adoption rate of 90%, which could be correlated with the fact that it leveraged an opt-out consent model.

Conclusions
This rapid review highlights key features of FDIs across regions and elements associated with higher adoption of the patient-accessible electronic health record systems that use them, like opt-out registration. Although FDIs have been reported to facilitate the collation of data from multiple sources through a single sign-on interface, there is little information on their impact on care or patient experience. If FDIs are used to their fullest potential and implemented across sectors, adoption rates within health care may also improve.