bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ostrinia spp. in Japan: their host plants and sex pheromones
Authors: Ishikawa Yukio , Takanashi Takuma , Kim Choong‐gon , Hoshizaki Sugihiko , Tatsuki Sadahiro , Huang Yongping 
Published: October 2003

AbstractTo contribute to the understanding of the genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) in Japan, we collected larvae of Ostrinia spp. from known host plants and plants not recorded as hosts, and we examined the morphology and sex pheromones of the adults obtained. Consequently, the host plant ranges of the 7 Ostrinia spp. in Japan were clarified, and the sex pheromones of the 5 species O. scapulalis, O. zealis, O. zaguliaevi, O. palustralis and O. latipennis were identified in addition to that of the Asian corn borer O. furnacalis. The phylogenetic relationships of Japanese Ostrinia spp., with reference to the European corn borer O. nubilalis, are discussed based on these findings and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses.
Effect of fertilization levels, age and canopy height of Lycopersicon hirsutum on the resistance to Myzus persicae
Authors: Leite G.L.D. , Picanço M. , Guedes R.N.C. , Skowronski L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe effects of different levels of fertilization with nitrogen and potassium (NK), height within the canopy and plant age of Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum (PI 134417) C. H. Mull and L. esculentum on the density of foliar cristalliferous idioblasts and trichomes, and on the levels of 2‐ tridecanone (2‐TD) and 2‐undecanone (2‐UD) and their influence on the resistance to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were investigated. NK levels were inversely related to densities of trichomes and cristalliferous idioblasts in L. esculentum, but only to densities of cristalliferous idioblasts in L. hirsutum. Trichome density increased with increasing height within the canopy and with plant age in L. esculentum and L. hirsutum. Density of cristalliferous idioblasts in L. hirsutum increased with canopy height reaching a maximum at mid‐height within the canopy in opposition to L. esculentum in which a small decrease in density with height within the canopy was found. There was also a small decrease of idioblast density with increasing plant age for L. esculentum, while a greater and opposite variation took place in L. hirsutum. L. esculentum has mainly non‐ glandular leaf trichomes (90%), while L. hirsutum has mainly glandular trichomes (97%). The main glandular trichomes of L. hirsutum are producers of 2‐TD and 2‐UD, whose leaf content increases with increase of trichome density. A negative effect of 2‐TD concentration and cristalliferous idioblast density on the survival and longevity of M. persicae was observed. Since L. hirsutum presented much higher levels of 2‐TD and cristalliferous idioblast density than L. esculentum, L. hirsutum seems a promising source of resistance to M. persicae for tomato breeding programs.
Increased damage by western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis in chrysanthemum intercropped with subterranean clover
Authors: den Belder E. , Valcheva R.I. , Guldemond J.A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSuppressive effects of intercropping on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) infestations have been reported in several crops. However, this study demonstrates that in year‐round chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev, undersowing with subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L., results in an increased thrips feeding damage. In a pot experiment, performed with chrysanthemum plants (cultivars Reagan and Tiger) grown with or without subterranean clover, significantly more leaves with silver and growth damage were found in the chrysanthemum plants with subterranean clover in comparison with the monocropped chrysanthemum plants. Similarly, the degree of deformation of leaf perimeter and leaf surface was higher in the top leaves of the intercropped chrysanthemum plant. In the soil experiment (only performed with Tiger and plants were grown in the soil in the greenhouse) intercropped chrysanthemum plants suffered a higher feeding damage as well. Analysis of the relation between silver or growth damage and the thrips pressure demonstrates that at similar thrips pressure in the intercropped chrysanthemum plants suffered significantly more damage. The higher thrips pressure in the intercropped chrysanthemum only explains the differences in damage partly. Changes in the reaction of chrysanthemum plants to thrips feeding or in the behaviour of the thrips, mediated by the presence of the non‐host crop, are discussed. Our explanation is that chrysanthemum plants grown with clover are more susceptible to thrips feeding than monocropped plants. We conclude that undersowing with clover does not contribute to reduce damage by F. occidentalis in year‐round chrysanthemum. Also, the influence of crop diversification on a pest cannot be foreseen until the specific characteristics of each individual crop – pest system are studied.
Prey‐mediated effects of Cry1Ab toxin and protoxin and Cry2A protoxin on the predator Chrysoperla carnea
Authors: Hilbeck Angelika , Moar William J. , Pusztai‐Carey Marianne , Filippini Agata , Bigler Franz 
Published: October 2003

AbstractLaboratory feeding experiments were carried out to study prey‐mediated effects of artificial diet containing Bacillus thuringiensis proteins on immature Chrysoperla carnea. Activated Cry1Ab toxin and the protoxins of Cry1Ab and Cry2A were mixed into standard meridic diet for Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae at the following concentrations; for Cry1Ab toxin, 25, 50, 100 μg g−1 diet were used; for Cry1Ab protoxin, the concentration was doubled (50 μg g−1 diet, 100 μg g−1 diet and 200 μg g−1 diet) to give relative comparable levels of toxin concentration. Cry2A protoxin was incorporated into the meridic diet at one concentration only (100 μg g−1 diet). For the untreated control, the equivalent amount of double distilled water was added to the meridic diet. Individual C. carnea larvae were raised on S. littoralis larvae fed with one of the respective treated meridic diets described above. The objectives were to quantify and compare the resulting effects on mortality and development time of C. carnea with those observed in two previous studies investigating prey‐mediated effects of transgenic Cry1Ab toxin‐producing corn plants and the other studying effects of Cry1Ab toxin fed directly to C. carnea larvae. Mean total immature mortality for chrysopid larvae reared on B. thuringiensis‐fed prey was always significantly higher than in the control (26%). Total immature mortality of C. carnea reared on Cry1Ab toxin 100 μg g−1 diet‐fed prey was highest (78%) and declined with decreasing toxin concentration. Cry1Ab protoxin‐exposed C. carnea larvae did not exhibit a dose response. Prey‐mediated total mortality of Cry1Ab protoxin‐exposed chrysopid larvae was intermediate (46–62%) to Cry1Ab toxin exposed (55–78%) and Cry2A protoxin (47%) exposed C. carnea. In agreement with the previous studies, total development time of C. carnea was not consistently, significantly affected by the Bt‐treatments except at the highest Cry1Ab toxin concentration. However, both highest mortality and delayed development of immature C. carnea raised on Cry1Ab toxin 100 μg g−1 diet – fed prey may have been confounded with an increased intoxication of S. littoralis larvae that was observed at that concentration. At all other B. thuringiensis protein concentrations S. littoralis was not lethally affected. Comparative analysis of the results of this study with those of the two previous studies revealed that in addition to prey/herbivore by B. thuringiensis interactions, also prey/herbivore by plant interactions exist that contribute to the observed toxicity of B. thuringiensis– fed S. littoralis larvae for C. carnea. These findings demonstrate that tritrophic level studies are necessary to assess the long‐term compatibility of insecticidal plants with important natural enemies.
Effect of crowding, food deprivation, and diet on flight initiation and lipid reserves of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica
Authors: Perez‐Mendoza J. , Dover B.A. , Hagstrum D.W. , Hopkins T.L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractEffects of crowding, food deprivation, and type of cereal diet upon flight initiation, development, body weight, lipid content, and fatty acid composition of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), were studied in two field strains and one laboratory strain. Beetles of all strains reared under crowded conditions had significantly higher flight initiation than beetles reared on isolated kernels (uncrowded). Regardless of degree of crowding, flight initiation increased with the period of food deprivation up to a maximum at 24 h, after which flight initiation declined. Body weight and lipid content decreased as the food deprivation period increased, whereas fatty acid composition was not significantly affected by food deprivation. Beetles from a field strain collected in 1995 had higher flight initiation and increased lipid content compared with beetles from the laboratory strain. However, beetles from the laboratory strain were larger, developed faster, and were more fecund than beetles from this field strain. The cereal diet on which beetles were reared also had a significant effect on flight initiation, lipid content, and fatty acid composition. Beetles reared on whole rice and wheat produced adults with higher flight initiation, higher lipid content, and higher oleic acid concentration than beetles reared on whole corn and sorghum.
Development of an artificial host egg for in vitro egg laying of Trichogramma galloi and T. pretiosum using plastic membranes
Authors: Cônsoli F.L. , Parra J.R.P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn artificial host egg was developed as a first attempt to improve the techniques for in vitro rearing of Trichogramma galloi Zucchi and T. pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae). Plastic membranes (polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene) of different thickness were tested for their usefulness in manufacturing artificial eggs, using a thermal system to produce semi‐spherical cupules on the plastic surface. These artificial eggs were filled with larval hemolymph of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), and the optimal size of the artificial egg and density of females/artificial egg for the highest host acceptance (percentage of artificial eggs with at least one parasitoid egg) as well as the ideal level of parasitism (eggs/artificial egg) were determined. High‐density polyethylene 7–8 and 9–10 μm thick resulted in the best acceptance and level of parasitization for both parasitoid species. Six females per artificial egg resulted in the best rate of parasitization for these parasitoids, although these data were not different when using 4 or 5 females of T. galloi. The size, shape and surface texture of the artificial eggs were found to provide enough cues to elicit parasitization behavior in Trichogramma females, since no chemical stimulus was provided.
Sampling epigeal arthropods: an evaluation of fenced pitfall traps using mark‐release‐recapture and comparisons to unfenced pitfall traps in arable crops
Authors: Holland John M. , Smith Simon 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe efficiency of fenced pitfall traps for estimating the density of commonly occurring epigeal predatory beetles was examined using mark‐release‐recapture. Most beetles of those recovered were recaptured within one week of their release. For seven of the ten species tested recapture rates were over 70%, with higher rates for the larger species. The predatory arthropod species composition captured using fenced pitfall traps was compared to unfenced pitfall traps in winter wheat, spring barley and winter oilseed rape. Compositional analysis revealed that the dominance structure of seven carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) taxa differed between the trap types and month of sampling in winter wheat and spring barley, but differences were small with the exception of a few taxa. Linear relationships between the two techniques were found for some carabid and rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The dominance structure of seven linyphiid spider (Araneae: Linyphiidae) taxa differed between the two trap types in wheat but not barley, although large differences were restricted to two taxa. No linear relationships between the two techniques were found for any of the Linyphiidae examined. Rove beetles were more effectively sampled using the fenced compared to unfenced pitfall traps.
Obesity among children attending elementary public schools in São Paulo, Brazil: a case–control study
Authors: da Costa Ribeiro Isabela , Taddei José Augusto AC , Colugnatti Fernando 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective:To describe obesity among students of public schools in São Paulo and to identify risk factors for this nutritional and physical activity disorder.Design:Case– control study of obese and non-obese schoolchildren to study risk factors for obesity.Setting:Anthropometric survey including 2519 children attending eight elementary public schools in Sã o Paulo, Brazil.Subjects:Schoolchildren aged 7–10 years, of whom 223 were obese (cases; weight-for-height greater than or equal to two standard deviations(≥2SD) above the median of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference population) and 223 were eutrophic (controls; weight-for-height ±1SD from NCHS median).Measurements:Parents or guardians of the 446 cases and controls were interviewed about the children's eating behaviours and habits.Results:The prevalence of obesity (weight-for-height ≥2SD) in the surveyed population was 10.5%. A logistic regression model fitted to the case–control dataset showed that obesity was positively associated with the following factors: birth weight ≥3500 g (odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.78), child's appetite at meals (OR 3.81, 95% CI 2.49–5.83), watching television for 4h per day or longer (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.32–3.24), mother's schooling>4 years (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25–2.75) and parents' body mass index ≥ 30 kgm−2(OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.43–4.37).Conclusion:The explanatory multivariate model points to preventive measures that would encourage knowledge of the children and their guardians in relation to a balanced diet and a less sedentary lifestyle, such as reducing television viewing. Schoolchildren with a birth weight of 3500g or more or whose parents are obese should receive special attention in the prevention of obesity.
The importance of composite foods for estimates of vegetable and fruit intakes
Authors: O'Brien MM , Kiely M , Galvin M , Flynn A 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the contribution of composite foods to vegetable and fruit intakes in Irish adults and to compliance with dietary guidelines for vegetable and fruit intake.Design:Data were analysed from the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey of 18–64-year-old adults (n= 1379; 662 men, 717 women), which used a 7-day food diary to estimate food intake.Results:The mean intake of vegetables (excluding potatoes) was 140g day−1(men 149g day−1; women 132g day−1), of fruit was 136 g day−1(men 133g day−1; women 140 g day−1) and of potatoes was 227 g day−1(men 296g day−1; women 163 g day−1). The mean daily intakes of vegetables, fruit and potatoes from composite foods were 37 g (26%), 6 g (5%) and 17 g (7%), respectively. The mean intake of vegetables from composite foods was unrelated to age or gender, but increased with increasing social class and level of education attained. The proportions of men and women meeting the recommendation for ≥400g day−1(5 servings of 80 g per day) of vegetables and fruit were 21% (15% excluding composite foods) and 19% (12% excluding composite foods), respectively. Compliance with the dietary recommendation decreased with decreasing levels of educational attainment and social class.Conclusion:Intakes of vegetables and fruit are low compared with current dietary recommendations, particularly in those of lower levels of educational attainment and social class. Composite foods are an important source of vegetables (less importantly of fruit) and should be included when estimating vegetable intakes. Failure to do so may result in bias in estimates of intake and of compliance with dietary guidelines for population groups, as well as misclassification of individuals by level of intake.
Two approaches to derive a proposal for added sugars intake for German children and adolescents
Authors: Alexy Ute , Kersting Mathilde , Schultze-Pawlitschko Verena 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective:Intake of sugars is restricted in most international food guides. However, in recent recommendations quantified limits of added sugars intake have not been given, although deemed necessary by those who criticised the recommendations.Design:Two approaches to derive a scientifically based quantified limit of added sugars intake for German children and adolescents are suggested. For the first dietary survey approach, 5120 three-day weighed dietary records from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study were used. Added sugars intakes in records of high vs. low dietary quality, measured by a nutrient intake score, were compared. For the second approach, a total dietary concept for German children and adolescents developed and evaluated by the Research Institute of Child Nutrition – the Optimised Mixed Diet – was used.Results:Whereas in the latter dietary concept an added sugars intake of about 6% of energy intake is tolerated, the dietary survey approach resulted in only small differences between high and low dietary quality, with a median added sugars intake of 12% of energy in records with high dietary quality.Conclusions:A reasonable dietary quality is possible within higher ranges of added sugars intake than derived from the dietary concept approach. Therefore we suggest a range of intake of added sugars for German children and adolescents, from 6% to 12% of energy.
Relationship of tobacco smoking with serum vitamin B12, folic acid and haematological indices in healthy adults
Authors: Tungtrongchitr Rungsunn , Pongpaew Praneet , Soonthornruengyot Malida , Viroonudomphol Duangkamol , Vudhivai Niyomsri , Tungtrongchitr Anchalee , Phonrat Benjaluck , Pooudong Somchai , Schelp Frank Peter 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the effects of tobacco smoking on serum vitamin B12, folic acid and haematological parameters in healthy Thai smokers and non-smokers.Design:Cross-sectional study of smokers and non-smokers in a military unit in Bangkok, Thailand.Setting:A military unit in Thailand.Subjects:One hundred and twenty-three male smokers from a military unit in Bangkok, who participated voluntarily in the study, were investigated. Sixty-six male non-smokers from the same unit were selected as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for investigation of vitamin B12, folic acid and haematological variables.Results:The serum folic acid concentration of smokers was lower than that of non-smokers, but was not statistically significantly different. Haemoglobin was lower in smokers than in non-smokers; 16.3% of smokers were anaemic compared with only 3.0% of non-smokers. Anaemia was not related to folate deficiency. The white blood cell count was found to be higher in smokers than in non-smokers.Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that there were low serum folic acid concentrations in smokers compared with non-smokers, which might contribute to the development of vascular and cardiovascular diseases. The higher white blood cell count might be indicative alterations in the immune functions of smokers.
Association of education with dietary intake among young adults in the bi-ethnic Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort
Authors: Archer SL , Hilner JE , Dyer AR , Greenlund KJ , Colangelo LA , Kiefe CI , Liu K 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjective:To examine associations of changes in dietary intake with education in young black and white men and women.Design:The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-centre population-based prospective study. Dietary intake data at baseline and year 7 were obtained from an extensive nutritionist-administered diet history questionnaire with 700 items developed for CARDIA.Setting:Participants were recruited in 1985–1986 from four sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California.Subjects:Participants were from a general community sample of 703 black men (BM), 1006 black women (BW), 963 white men (WM) and 1054 white women (WW) who were aged 18–30 years at baseline. Analyses here include data for baseline (1985–1986) and year 7 (1992–1993).Results:Most changes in dietary intake were observed among those with high education (≥ 12 years) at both examinations. There was a significant decrease in intake of energy from saturated fat and cholesterol and a significant increase in energy from starch for each race-gender group (P< 0.001). Regardless of education, taste was considered an important influence on food choice.Conclusion:The inverse relationship of education with changes in saturated fat and cholesterol intakes suggests that national public health campaigns may have a greater impact among those with more education.
Introduction: Open Markets versus Welfare Citizenship: Conflicting Approaches to Policy Convergence in Europe
Authors: Taylor‐Gooby Peter 
Published: October 2003

Abstract Few would have predicted the rapid progress of the EU in developing common economic institutions 20 or 30 years ago, although many commentators might have foreseen the relatively slow development of convergent social policies. This paper sets the European debate in the context of the path‐breaking work of Polanyi and Schumpeter at the end of the Second World War. It argues that the economic institutions of the EU are at least as important as the social policy institutions in understanding current developments, and suggests that a commitment to a broadly liberal market agenda at the economic level constrains and moulds social policies.
Pressures on State Welfare in Post‐industrial Societies: Is More or Less Better?
Authors: Jæger Mads Meier , Kvist Jon 
Published: October 2003

Abstract Although contemporary comparative welfare state research has advanced our knowledge of how welfare states respond to exogenous and endogenous pressures, the nature and implications of these pressures themselves on post‐industrial societies remains somewhat unknown. In the research literature phenomena such as globalization, Europeanization, demographics, individualization and changing labour markets are often claimed to put considerable pressure on welfare states. We analyse which of the alleged pressures are real “crises” or “challenges” to welfare states and which pressures should only be considered as “controversies”—phenomena whose impacts are nonsignificant, ambiguous, or have not been asserted. We suggest that pressures on post‐industrial societies may not, as is commonly believed, be countered with retrenchment and restructuring of welfare states. In fact, some pressures seem to call for more rather than less welfare state.