bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-20 The Effect of Hemp Varieties and Cannabidiol Concentrations on the in Vitro Ruminal Microbiome
Authors: Silva Aghata , Franco Arturo Macias , Brody Tio , Frese Steven , Fonseca Mozart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hemp varieties and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations on in vitro ruminal microbiota diversity and abundance relative do alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Two ruminally cannulated Angus steers were used as inoculum donors for in vitro incubation. Two 160-mL serum bottles containing 200 mg air-dried of either alfalfa, fedora 17 (F17) and felina 32 after late harvest (F32S) or without seeds (F32O) were incubated in 14 mL of buffering media and 4 mL of rumen inoculum. A stock solution of 1mg/mL of CBD was prepared and added in increasing concentrations into each bottle to reach a final concentration of 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, and 0.004% of CBD. After a period of 48 hours, the whole content inside of the serum bottles was used immediately for DNA extraction followed by 16S rRNA sequencing with an Oxford Nanopore technologies MiniON. Amplicon sequence data were bioinformatically processed in QIIME2 version 2022.2. Alpha diversity was measured by the Shannon diversity index. Bray-Curtis’s dissimilarity matrix was constructed to estimate the differences among the samples and CBD levels, and differential abundance was then evaluated using analysis of compositions of microbiomes with bias correction (ANCOM) testing. Statistical significance was established at P &lt; 0.05. All data were visualized in R version 4.1.2 (R Core Team, 2022) using the qiime2R package. Shannon diversity index was the highest for alfalfa (P &lt; 0.05), but no difference was observed among the different CBD inclusion levels. When looking at beta diversity through Bray-Curtis, differences were only observed when comparing the different alfalfa and hemp varieties (P &lt; 0.05), where alfalfa grouped separately from all the hemp samples. The most abundant phyla included Firmicute, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria (P &lt; 0.05). At family level, alfalfa samples had greater Aerococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae than all the hemp treatments, but less Lactobacillales (unclassified), Streptococcaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, and Bacilli (unclassified) than F32S and F17 (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that sample type might play a larger role on microbiome than CBD lconcentrations. Further studies are required to determine if greater concentrations of CBD than those examined herein could also lead to a shift on rumen microbes.
Cytoplasmic zoning in membrane blebs
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Ikenouchi Junichi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blebs are membrane structures formed by the detachment of the plasma membrane from the underlying actin cytoskeleton. It is now clear that a wide variety of cells, including cancer cells, actively form blebs for cell migration and cell survival. The expansion of blebs has been regarded as the passive ballooning of the plasma membrane by an abrupt increase in intracellular pressure. However, recent studies revealed the importance of ‘cytoplasmic zoning’, i.e. local changes in the hydrodynamic properties and the ionic and protein content of the cytoplasm. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind cytoplasmic zoning and its role in bleb expansion.
The Role of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Acute Severe Colitis in Children
Authors: Costaguta Guillermo Alejandro , Girard Chloé , Groleau Véronique , Grzywacz Kelly , Dirks Martha Heather , Deslandres Colette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Acute severe colitis (ASC) occurs in up to 15 percent of children with ulcerative colitis, with a high index of morbidity and mortality. Treatment includes high-dose steroids, infliximab, and salvage therapies. Unfortunately, up to 20 percent of patients may need an urgent colectomy due to treatment failure. We report our experience using tofacitinib for the treatment of six patients.

Methods
A retrospective review of our medical electronic records was conducted. We included every patient with ASC and treatment failure, in whom tofacitinib was used as a salvage therapy. Response, complications, and disease course were noted.

Results
Six patients were included with Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) scores ranging from 65 to 85 on admission, and 35 to 85 before tofacitinib was started (P 0.07). Median response time was 72 h. A median decrease of 40 points in PUCAI was noted (P 0.00001). Mean length of stay was 18 days with discharge 9 days after tofacitinib introduction. Haemoglobin, albumin, fecal calprotectin, and CRP improved after tofacitinib (P 0.02, P 0.02, P 0.025, and P 0.01, respectively). The mean follow-up was 8.5 months, four patients achieved complete remission and only one had a recrudescence of symptoms (P 0.01). One patient had a systemic Epstein-Barr virus infection prior to tofacitinib therapy, which resolved with rituximab treatment. No other complications were noted.

Conclusions
Tofacitinib response is rapid and impressive in children suffering from ASC, and the safety profile appears comparable to or better than other available treatments. In the future, tofacitinib should be integrated into pediatric protocols.
Chemical sensing and avoidance of PaV1-infected conspecifics by pueruli post-larvae of the reef-dwelling Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Latreille, 1804 (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae)
Authors: Ambrosio Louis J , Baeza J Antonio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Little is known about chemical sensing during settlement by pueruli of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Latreille, 1804 and the effect that Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), the first pathogenic virus to infect any spiny lobster, has on settling pueruli. Considering that the avoidance of PaV1-infected lobsters by early-benthic juveniles is well documented and the previously reported costs of close proximity to PaV1-infected early-benthic juveniles (increased mortality risk), pueruli of P. argus should avoid infected conspecifics during settlement. We experimentally tested if pueruli show aversion to PaV1-infected conspecifics. We also re-tested the previously reported effect of red algae (Laurencia spp.) and healthy conspecifics on pueruli settlement decisions. Considering the known benefits of inhabiting red algae and costs of close proximity to conspecific juveniles, pueruli were predicted to be attracted to metabolites produced by red algae and repulsed by metabolites produced by conspecifics. We also predicted that attraction to red algae would decrease or cease if this cue was presented together with cues produced by PaV1-infected conspecifics. Our experiments indicate that pueruli do not avoid metabolites produced by benthic juveniles and are not attracted to metabolites produced by red algae. Importantly, pueruli are attracted to a combination of metabolites produced by red algae and conspecific juveniles but this attraction ceases if conspecifics are PaV1-infected. Our results indicate that PaV1 disrupts habitat selection by settling pueruli and suggest that assumptions about cost and benefits experienced by settling pueruli need to be revisited. Research to improve the understanding of the relationship between recruitment, disease avoidance, and fishery stock in this heavily exploited spiny lobster is needed.
Seasonal activity of Trechnites insidiosus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its host Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in pear
Authors: Zilnik Gabriel , Cooper W Rodney , Horton David R , Orpet Robert , Nottingham Louis , Hilton Richard , Adams Chris , Dickens Katrina L , Halbert Susan E , Snyder James , Schmidt-Jeffris Rebecca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the most expensive and challenging insect pest of commercial pear trees in the Pacific Northwest. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs are working toward relying more heavily on natural enemies to reduce insecticide use. Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the main parasitoid of C. pyricola, but little is known about its biology in the region. Developing sampling tools is important for the deployment of IPM programs, including monitoring of natural enemies. In this study, we examined 2 conventional monitoring methods: beat trays and yellow sticky cards, in addition to screened sticky cards and 3D-printed cylinder traps. Additionally, we tested an overwintering trap for the collection of parasitized C. pyricola. The trapping methods were tested in orchards in Oregon and Washington. Unscreened cards caught the most T. insidiosus and C. pyricola, followed by screened cards, cylinder traps, and then beat trays. Beat trays sometimes failed to catch any T. insidiosus, even when it was found in abundance via other methods. Screened cards and cylinder traps reduced bycatch and increased ease of identifying T. insidiosus. Specimens from the cylinder traps were also more suitable for use in molecular analysis. The overwintering traps were effective at capturing parasitized C. pyricola, but were highly variable year to year. The ideal trapping method will vary based on research needs (e.g., DNA preservation, reducing bycatch, catching higher numbers), but both screened sticky cards and cylinder traps were viable methods for monitoring T. insidiosus and its host.
Amplifying Civil Society Narratives: CIVICUS’s Journey in Exploring Trends in Engagement and Civic Space Conditions
Authors: Tiwana Mandeep S , Belalba Barreto Marianna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Civil society groups, in all their diversity, contribute to the creation of peaceful, just, equal and sustainable societies in myriad ways: as sources of innovation and solutions to pressing problems, as service providers for equity, as watchdogs over public resources and more. But they continue to face an onslaught of attacks and civic space restrictions in most countries. This article examines three key research and analysis initiatives developed over a decade by CIVICUS, the global civil society alliance, to help shine a spotlight on civic participation and freedoms, and the challenges and opportunities that gave rise to each and that helped shape a growing focus on civil society narratives.
Acetolysis modifications to process small pollen samples swabbed from live bees
Authors: Warcup Kirsten , Roberton Bethany , Kral-O’Brien Katherine , Harmon Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding the resources bees use is essential because we depend greatly on their ecosystem services, and this information could help guide conservation efforts. One way to identify the flowers that bees visit is to collect pollen directly from the bee and then identify the pollen with plant taxa. However, the current method for processing such pollen samples, acetolysis, is designed for samples such as those collected across individuals (e.g., pollen trap), bee nests, or, at the very least, from pollen pellets collected from live bees or from the exhaustive removal of pollen from lethally collected individuals. Smaller samples, including those down to just a few pollen grains sampled from live bees, could facilitate additional opportunities for bee-pollen research, if they can be processed effectively. We present a revised acetolysis methodology designed specifically for processing small pollen samples, so that they can then be used for more accurate identification. Using pollen samples from cotton swabs directly applied to live bees in the field, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology for processing small pollen samples, including samples too small to be visually detected. This methodology can permit nonlethal collections in the field from a greater number of bee species.
Panton-Valentine leukocidin–induced neutrophil extracellular traps lack antimicrobial activity and are readily induced in patients with recurrent PVL + -Staphylococcus aureus infections
Authors: Jhelum Hina , Čerina Dora , Harbort C J , Lindner Andreas , Hanitsch Leif Gunnar , Leistner Rasmus , Schröder Jennyver-Tabea , von Bernuth Horst , Stegemann Miriam Songa , Schürmann Mariana , Zychlinsky Arturo , Krüger Renate , Marsman Gerben 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce the toxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL-SA) frequently cause recurrent skin and soft tissue infections. PVL binds to and kills human neutrophils, resulting in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), but the pathomechanism has not been extensively studied. Furthermore, it is unclear why some individuals colonized with PVL-SA experience recurring infections whereas others are asymptomatic. We thus aimed to (1) investigate how PVL exerts its pathogenicity on neutrophils and (2) identify factors that could help to explain the predisposition of patients with recurring infections. We provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that PVL-induced NET formation is independent of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, through NET proteome analysis we identified that the protein content of PVL-induced NETs is different from NETs induced by mitogen or the microbial toxin nigericin. The abundance of the proteins cathelicidin (CAMP), elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 (PRTN3) was lower on PVL-induced NETs, and as such they were unable to kill S. aureus. Furthermore, we found that neutrophils from affected patients express higher levels of CD45, one of the PVL receptors, and are more susceptible to be killed at a low PVL concentration than control neutrophils. Neutrophils from patients that experience recurring PVL-positive infections may thus be more sensitive to PVL-induced NET formation, which might impair their ability to combat the infection.
Aberrant immune programming in neutrophils in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hu Yawen , Bojanowski Christine M , Britto Clemente J , Wellems Dianne , Song Kejing , Scull Callie , Jennings Scott , Li Jianxiong , Kolls Jay K , Wang Guoshun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a life-shortening genetic disorder, caused by mutations in the gene that encodes cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator, a cAMP-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel. Persistent neutrophilic inflammation is a major contributor to cystic fibrosis lung disease. However, how cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator loss of function leads to excessive inflammation and its clinical sequela remains incompletely understood. In this study, neutrophils from F508del-CF and healthy control participants were compared for gene transcription. We found that cystic fibrosis circulating neutrophils have a prematurely primed basal state with significantly higher scores for activation, chemotaxis, immune signaling, and pattern recognition. Such an irregular basal state appeared not related to the blood environment and was also observed in neutrophils derived from the F508del-CF HL-60 cell line, indicating an innate characteristic of the phenotype. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation drastically shifted the transcriptional landscape of healthy control neutrophils toward a robust immune response; however, cystic fibrosis neutrophils were immune-exhausted, reflected by abnormal cell aging and fate determination in gene programming. Moreover, cystic fibrosis sputum neutrophils differed significantly from cystic fibrosis circulating neutrophils in gene transcription with increased inflammatory response, aging, apoptosis, and necrosis, suggesting additional environmental influences on the neutrophils in cystic fibrosis lungs. Taken together, our data indicate that loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator function has intrinsic effects on neutrophil immune programming, leading to premature priming and dysregulated response to challenge.
miR-15b-5p transcription mediated by CREB1 protects against inflammation and apoptosis in Parkinson disease models by inhibiting AXIN2 and activating Wnt/β-catenin
Authors: Liu Tianyi , Li Guozhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disease that greatly undermines people’s health and for which effective therapeutic strategies are currently limited. This study dissected the effects of expression changes of AXIN2, a modulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, the transcription factor CREB1, and of the microRNA miR-15b-5p on apoptosis and the inflammatory response in a PD mouse model in vivo and in a cellular PD model in vitro. The analyses demonstrated low CREB1 and miR-15b-5p expression and high AXIN2 expression in both models. miR-15b-5p overexpression or AXIN2 knockdown alleviated the inflammatory response indicated by decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and apoptosis indicated by decreased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and elevated Bcl-2. Protection by miR-15b-5p upregulation was counteracted by the simultaneous overexpression of AXIN2. miR-15b-5p targeted AXIN2. CREB1 promoted miR-15b-5p expression, which activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting AXIN2. Collectively, the data indicate that transcriptional expression of miR-15b-5p can be promoted by CREB1 to inhibit AXIN2 and activate Wnt/β-catenin, thereby reducing the inflammatory response and apoptosis in these PD models. These data suggest the CREB1/miR-15b-5p/AXIN2 axis is a potential therapeutic target in PD patients.
Parental Feeding Style, Parenting Stress, and Child Mealtime Behaviors in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Maliszewski Genevieve , High Robin , Lee Junghyae , Deschamp Ashley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Nutrition and weight gain significantly contribute to overall health outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Strong emphasis is placed on these entities by the CF team, which can cause stress for parents and impact parent and child mealtime behaviors. The current study sought to investigate the relationship between parental feeding style, parenting stress, and parent and child mealtime behaviors in families of children with CF.

Methods
Forty-five parents of a child with CF between the ages of 2 and 10 years were recruited during a CF clinic appointment. They completed surveys assessing child mealtime behaviors, parental feeding style, and parental stress. Medical data including body mass index (BMI) were collected from the medical record.

Results
There was a significant difference in behavioral feeding scores based on feeding style (F3,41 = 13.48, p &lt;.001), with authoritarian parents reporting significantly greater mealtime behavior problems than all other parents. There was also a significant difference in parenting stress based on parental feeding style (F3,41=4.11, p &lt;.05), with authoritarian parents showing more stress than authoritative parents (Mdiff=23.70, p &lt;.05). Correlation analyses showed a positive relationship between behavioral feeding problems and parent stress, r(45)=0.403; p &lt;.01.

Conclusions
Data suggest parents using an authoritarian feeding style experience more stress and behavioral feeding problems than other parents. More feeding problems were also associated with more stress. Findings help determine how pediatric psychologists can intervene to support positive parenting behaviors that reduce children’s mealtime behavior problems and parental stress, thus improving health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Penalised semi-parametric copula method for semi-competing risks data: application to hip fracture in elderly
Authors: Sun Tao , Liang Weijie , Zhang Gongzi , Yi Danhui , Ding Ying , Zhang Lihai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHip fracture is a severe complication in the elderly. The affected people are at a higher risk of second fracture and death occurrence, and the best treatment for hip fractures is still being debated. Aside from the treatment, many factors, such as comorbidity conditions, may be associated with second fracture and death occurrence. This study aims to identify effective treatments and important covariates and estimate their effects on the progression of second fracture and death occurrence in hip fracture elderly patients using the semi-competing risks framework, because death dependently censors a second fracture but not vice versa. Due to the complex semi-competing risks data, performing variable selection simultaneously for second fracture and death occurrence is difficult. We propose a penalised semi-parametric copula method for semi-competing risks data. Specifically, we use separate Cox semi-parametric models for both margins and employ a copula to model the two margins’ dependence. We develop a coordinate-wise optimisation algorithm that takes into account the data structure and copula function’s complexities. Simulations show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional penalised marginal method. We apply the proposed method to a population-based cohort study of hip fracture elderly patients, providing new insights into their treatment and clinical management.
Transcription factor PbMYB80 regulates lignification of stone cells and undergoes RING finger protein PbRHY1-mediated degradation in pear fruit
Authors: Wang Han , Zhang Yingjie , Feng Xiaofeng , Hong Jiayi , Aamir Manzoor Muhammad , Zhou Xinyue , Zhou Qifang , Cai Yongping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit carries a high proportion of stone cells, adversely affecting fruit quality. Lignin is a main component of stone cells in pear fruit. In this study, we discovered that a pear MYB transcription factor, PbMYB80, binds to the promoters of key lignin biosynthesis genes and inhibits their expression. Stable overexpression of PbMYB80 in Arabidopsis showed that lignin deposition and secondary wall thickening were inhibited, and the expression of the lignin biosynthesis genes in transgenic Arabidopsis was decreased. Transient overexpression of PbMYB80 in pear fruit inhibited lignin metabolism and stone cell development, and the expression of some genes in the lignin metabolism pathway was reduced. In contrast, silencing PbMYB80 with VIGS increased the lignin and stone cell content in pear fruit, and increased expression of genes in the lignin metabolism pathway. By screening a pear fruit cDNA library in yeast, we found that PbMYB80 binds to a RING finger (PbRHY1) protein. We also showed that PbRHY1 exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrades ubiquitinated PbMYB80 in vivo and in vitro. This investigation contributes to a better understanding of the regulation of lignin biosynthesis in pear fruit, and provides a theoretical foundation for increasing pear fruit quality at the molecular level.