bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality differences by APOE genotype estimated from demographic synthesis
Authors: Ewbank Douglas C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is associated with increased risk of two major causes of death in low‐mortality populations: ischemic heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. It is less common among centenarians than at younger ages. Therefore, it is likely that it is associated with excess risk of death. This article extends demographic models that estimate relative mortality risks from changes in gene frequencies with age. The resulting demographic synthesis combines gene frequencies with data on mortality by genotype from cohort studies. The model was applied to data from Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Sweden, and the United States. Near age 50, the 3/4 genotype is associated with a risk of death of 1.34 times that of the 3/3 (95% CI 1.18–1.67). The relative risk for 4/4 is the square of the relative risk for 3/4, 1.81. The 2/3 genotype is protective with a relative risk of 0.84 (0.68–0.93) near age 50. These relative risks move toward 1.0 at the oldest ages and APOE genotype is associated with little variation in mortality over age 100. There are no significant differences in the relative risks by sex. There is little evidence of differences within Europe in the effects of APOE. This approach can be generalized to combine data on genetic risk factors for disease from a wide variety of study designs and sample characteristics. Genet. Epidemiol. 22:146–155, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feature‐space clustering for fMRI meta‐analysis
Authors: Goutte Cyril , Hansen Lars Kai , Liptrot Matthew G. , Rostrup Egill 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClustering functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series has emerged in recent years as a possible alternative to parametric modeling approaches. Most of the work so far has been concerned with clustering raw time series. In this contribution we investigate the applicability of a clustering method applied to features extracted from the data. This approach is extremely versatile and encompasses previously published results [Goutte et al.,1999] as special cases. A typical application is in data reduction: as the increase in temporal resolution of fMRI experiments routinely yields fMRI sequences containing several hundreds of images, it is sometimes necessary to invoke feature extraction to reduce the dimensionality of the data space. A second interesting application is in the meta‐analysis of fMRI experiment, where features are obtained from a possibly large number of single‐voxel analyses. In particular this allows the checking of the differences and agreements between different methods of analysis. Both approaches are illustrated on a fMRI data set involving visual stimulation, and we show that the feature space clustering approach yields nontrivial results and, in particular, shows interesting differences between individual voxel analysis performed with traditional methods. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:165–183, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast realistic modeling in bioelectromagnetism using lead‐field interpolation
Authors: Yvert Blaise , Crouzeix‐Cheylus Anne , Pernier Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe practical use of realistic models in bioelectromagnetism is limited by the time‐consuming amount of numerical calculations. We propose a method leading to much higher speed than currently available, and compatible with any kind of numerical methods (boundary elements (BEM), finite elements, finite differences). Illustrated with the BEM for EEG and MEG, it applies to ECG and MCG as well. The principle is two‐fold. First, a Lead‐Field matrix is calculated (once for all) for a grid of dipoles covering the brain volume. Second, any forward solution is interpolated from the pre‐calculated Lead‐Fields corresponding to grid dipoles near the source. Extrapolation is used for shallow sources falling outside the grid. Three interpolation techniques were tested: trilinear, second‐order Bézier (Bernstein polynomials), and 3D spline. The trilinear interpolation yielded the highest speed gain, with factors better than ×10,000 for a 9,000‐triangle BEM model. More accurate results could be obtained with the Bézier interpolation (speed gain ∼1,000), which, combined with a 8‐mm step grid, lead to intrinsic localization and orientation errors of only 0.2 mm and 0.2 degrees. Further improvements in MEG could be obtained by interpolating only the contribution of secondary currents. Cropping grids by removing shallow points lead to a much better estimation of the dipole orientation in EEG than when solving the forward problem classically, providing an efficient alternative to locally refined models. This method would show special usefulness when combining realistic models with stochastic inverse procedures (simulated annealing, genetic algorithms) requiring many forward calculations. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:48–63, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methyl and dimethyl derivatives of tetrathionaphthalene and tetraselenonaphthalene as novel electron donors
Authors: Kodama Takashi , Kodani Mie , Takimiya Kazuo , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMonomethyl and dimethyl tetrathionaphthalenes and tetraselenonaphthalenes have been developed as modified electron donors. Introduction of methyl groups is very helpful in enhancing the inherent low solubilities of the parent compounds. In the cyclic voltammograms, they show two reversible redox waves, whose first and second oxidation potentials are gradually lowered with the increasing number of the introduced methyl groups. They all are able to form charge‐transfer complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane. Irrespective of the chalcogen kind of the donor, the complexes of the dimethyl derivatives are conductive, while those of the monomethyl derivatives are insulating. The different conductivities are explained by the difference of their crystal structures, which are studied by infrared spectroscopy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:287–292, 2001
Syntheses and reactions of cyclic se‐alkoxy‐se‐chloroselenuranes and alkoxyselenonium salts
Authors: Kataoka Tadashi , Iwamura Tatsunori , Tsutsui Hisayoshi , Kato Yasuharu , Banno Yoshihiro , Aoyama Yasuko , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral 1‐chloro‐2,1‐oxaselenole selenuranes 3a–e and selenonium salts 4a–c and 5‐chloro‐5,11‐epoxy‐6,11‐dihydrodibenzo[b,e]selenepines 12a and 12b and selenonium salts 13a–c were synthesized, and their reactions with organometallic reagents were studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:317–326, 2001
New methods of synthesis of boron, germanium, and tin derivatives of pentavalent phosphorus thioacids
Authors: Nizamov Il'yas S. , Sorokina Tat'yana P. , Nizamov Il'nar D. , Galimullina Nailya G. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Alfonsov Vladimir A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reactions of S‐trimethylsilyl esters of S‐propyl‐4‐methoxyphenyltrithiophosphonic, bis(dialkylamido)dithiophosphoric, and S‐ethyl‐diethylamidotrithiophosphoric acids with trialkyl borates, triorganylbromogermanes, trimethyl(isobutylthio)germane, and trialkylchlorostannanes were studied. On the basis of these studies, new methods of synthesizing S‐boron, S‐germyl, and S‐stannyl derivatives of pentavalent phosphorus thioacids were developed. S‐Diethylaminomethyl O‐isopropyl‐4‐ethoxyphenyldithiophosphonate was obtained by the reaction of the diisopropylboron derivative of the corresponding dithiophosphonic acid with the aminal 6. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:27–35, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hc.1103
Metastatic cancer to the floor of mouth: the lingual lymph nodes
Authors: Dutton Jay M. , Graham Scott M. , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe upper level of a cervical lymphadenectomy is anatomically defined at its anterior extent by the lower border of the mandible and, in surgical practice, by the lingual nerve. A neck dissection completed below this level is generally considered adequate for removal of lymph nodes at risk for metastases from oral cavity cancer. Traditional discontinuous neck dissections do not provide for removal of floor of mouth tissue along with the primary and neck specimens.MethodsA case report presenting biopsies from a T2N2bM0 squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue and adjacent floor of the mouth in a 73‐year‐old man.ResultsDeep biopsy of a ventral tongue and floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma revealed occult metastatic cancer to lymph nodes located in the superficial floor of mouth associated with the sublingual gland above the lingual nerve. This report identifies floor of mouth lymph nodes that can be involved with cancer and missed through the standard practice of discontinuous neck dissection.Conclusions. This finding offers evidence that, in certain cases, a traditional discontinuous neck dissection may not address all lymph nodes at risk in the treatment of oral cavity cancer. Further investigation into lymph node distribution within the oral cavity is warranted to reappraise the upper limits of cervical lymphadenectomy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 401–405, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10026
Geostatistical regional trend detection in river flow data
Authors: Adamowski Kaz , Bocci Cynthia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany studies have identified global warming and climate change as some of the biggest challenges facing Canada. In this paper, the regional temporal trend in river flows is investigated using a space–time model. Though the primary focus is the time component, the spatial relationship among monitoring stations in a region is used to develop a space–time model that is composed of a random time trend as a function of space, and a random error term as a function of both time and space. The estimate of regional time trend is a linear combination of the differenced observations that minimizes the variance of estimated errors.Data from 248 river stations in the Reference Hydrometric Basin Network (RHBN) established by Environment Canada is analysed. These hydrological monitoring stations are grouped into ten non‐overlapping homogeneous regions covering all of Canada. An estimate of trend, along with its variance, is calculated for each region. Some significant trends are found for the annual mean, maximum and minimum flows, as well as for the mean monthly flows for July and December, and are consistent with those detected in other Canadian studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two metachronous tumors in the radiotherapy fields of a patient with Li‐Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Limacher Jean‐Marc , Frebourg Thierry , Natarajan‐Ame Shanti , Bergerat Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA woman with a family history of brain tumors in her daughter and sister presented with a breast cancer. She subsequently developed two metachronous primary tumors: a small‐cell lung cancer and a colon carcinoma. These tumors arose within the internal mammary radiotherapy field and within the field irradiated for ovariolysis. The p53 gene was analyzed in whole blood lymphocytes using a functional assay developed in yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae,which tests the transcriptional competence of p53. DNA from the colon cancer cells was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The patient had a germline‐inactivating p53 mutation, confirming the diagnosis of Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). The colon tumor and the lung tumor both conserved the mutant p53 allele but had lost the wild‐type allele. This observation and the experimental data suggest an abnormal sensitivity of LFS patients to radiogenic carcinogenesis. The indications and extent of radiotherapy in patients with a clinical or molecular diagnosis of LFS should be discussed individually and should take into account the risk of secondary neoplasms arising in the radiation fields. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteopontin induces angiogenesis of murine neuroblastoma cells in mice
Authors: Takahashi Fumiyuki , Akutagawa Shigeru , Fukumoto Hisao , Tsukiyama Shoji , Ohe Yuichiro , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Fukuchi Yoshinosuke , Saijo Nagahiro , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAngiogenesis is an essential process for tumor growth and is regulated by tumor‐derived angiogenic cytokines. Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the cytokines produced by various tumor cells and is suggested to be involved in angiogenesis by upregulating endothelial cell migration in cooperation with vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). To provide evidence of OPN involvement in a causal role in tumor angiogenesis, we generated a stable transfectant from murine neuroblastoma C1300 cells to constitutively secrete high levels of murine OPN. The OPN mRNA expression and protein secretion were confirmed by RT‐PCR and ELISA, respectively. The biological activity of secreted OPN was determined with migration assay by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Transfection with OPN gene did not increase VEGF production and did not affect gene expression of other angiogenic factors confirmed by complementary DNA macroarray system. To demonstrate the effect of OPN on tumor‐induced angiogenesis in vivo, millipore chambers containing OPN‐transfected or control cells were implanted to the dorsal air sac of mice. The OPN‐transfected cells significantly induced neovascularization in comparison to the control cells in mice. Conclusively, these results provide direct evidence of OPN involvement in the role of tumor angiogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD40 ligation downregulates EBNA‐2 and LMP‐1 expression in EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Pokrovskaja Katja , Ehlin‐Henriksson Barbro , Kiss Csaba , Challa Anita , Gordon John , Gogolak Peter , Klein George , Szekely Laszlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) drives the proliferation of human B cells in vitro and during primary infection in vivo. The transformed immunoblasts express nuclear proteins EBNA1–6, transcribed from the Cp/Wp promoter, and the membrane proteins LMP‐1, ‐2A and ‐2B (lymphoblastoid type of latency). EBV persists through life in resting memory B cells with a restricted type of latency in the absence of the Cp/Wp promoter activity. Since CD40 crosslinking can reportedly inhibit the growth of EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), we have examined the effect of CD40 ligation on the expression of EBNAs and LMP‐1 and on Cp EBV promoter activity together with several phenotypic markers. CD40 crosslinking led to a partial downregulation of EBNA‐2, EBNA3–6 and LMP‐1 in LCLs, paralleled by downregulation of Cp promoter activity. It also induced upregulation of the germinal center marker CD77 on the LCL cells. Our findings suggest that the encounter of proliferating EBV‐transformed immunoblasts with CD40L, as would occur when normal B cells generate memory cells in germinal centers, may switch the viral transcription program from the full lymphoblastoid to a more restricted latency program in a proportion of cells. This would permit virus persistence in the B‐cell memory compartment. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of phosphorylation of tyr‐31 and tyr‐118 of paxillin in MM1 cancer cell migration
Authors: Iwasaki Teruo , Nakata Atsushi , Mukai Mutsuko , Shinkai Kiyoko , Yano Hajime , Sabe Hisataka , Schaefer Erik , Tatsuta Masaharu , Tsujimura Tohru , Terada Nobuyuki , Kakishita Eizo , Akedo Hitoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe demonstrated previously that rat ascites hepatoma MM1 cells require both lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and fibronectin (FN) for phagokinetic motility and transcellular migration and that these events are regulated through the RhoA‐ROCK pathway. It remains to be elucidated, however, how the signals from both LPA and FN are integrated into cell migration. To examine this, total cellular lysates after stimulation with LPA or FN were subjected to time‐course immunoblot analysis with anti‐phosphotyrosine antibodies (Abs). Consequently, tyrosine‐phosphorylation of paxillin was obviously persistent after stimulation with FN + LPA as compared to after stimulation with either alone. Tyrosine‐phosphorylated paxillin comprised 2 components; slowly and fast migrating ones. Immunoblotting of anti‐paxillin immunoprecipitates with phosphorylation site‐specific Abs revealed the following: tyrosine‐phosphorylation was enhanced preferentially on a slowly migrating component after stimulation with FN + LPA; this component contained phosphorylation at both tyrosine residue (Y) 31 and Y118; and phosphorylation of paxillin at Y181 was constitutive and not augmented by stimulation with either FN or LPA. Amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ antiporter downstream of ROCK, suppressed cell motility and correspondingly paxillin tyrosine‐phosphorylation at both Y31 and Y118. Paxillin phosphorylation weakly induced by FN alone, insufficient for cell migration, was not inhibited by amiloride. These results demonstrate that LPA collaborates with FN for persistent tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin at both Y31 and Y118, regulated by the Na+/H+ antiporter downstream of ROCK and that this phosphorylated paxillin is essential for MM1 cancer cell migration. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating the effects of employment‐housing change on migration: evidence from Japan
Authors: Portnov Boris A. , Kim Doo‐Chul , Ishikawa Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of employment growth on internal migration depends on corresponding adjustments of the local housing market. If employment growth in a geographical area is accompanied by a sharp increase in housing prices, the net outcome may be net out‐migration rather than migration gain. In the present paper, this concept is tested using statistical data available for 47 prefectures in Japan. The analysis covers the two five‐year periods of 1983–87 and 1988–92, and confirms that the use of a combined representation of employment and housing variables makes it possible to improve considerably the performance of an empirical migration model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of marrow stromal osteoblast adhesion on biomimetic oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] hydrogels modified with Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptides and a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer
Authors: Shin Heungsoo , Jo Seongbong , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNovel oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) hydrogels functionalized with cell adhesion peptides were prepared, and the effects of incorporated peptide density and macromolecular structure of hydrogels on attachment and morphology of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were evaluated. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG; number average molecular weight of 930, 2860, and 6090) was used to synthesize OPF. A model peptide, Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp (GRGD), was incorporated into OPF hydrogels after being coupled to acrylated PEG of molecular weight 3400. The increase of incorporated peptide concentration enhanced MSC attachment to OPF hydrogels of PEG of molecular weight of 930 and 2860. However, the number of attached MSCs to OPF hydrogels of PEG (molecular weight 6090) remained constant regardless of the peptide density. The length of PEG in OPF also influenced cell attachment. When 1 μmole peptide/g hydrogel was incorporated into the OPF hydrogels, the degree of cell attachment at 12 h relative to the initial seeding density was 93.9 ± 5.9%, 64.7 ± 8.2%, and 9.3 ± 6.6% for OPF hydrogels prepared with PEG of molecular weights of 930, 2860, and 6090, respectively. However, the crosslinking density of hydrogels did not significantly affect cell attachment. The interaction was sequence specific, in that MSC attachment to GRGD‐modified hydrogels was competitively inhibited when cells were incubated in the presence of 0.5 mM soluble GRGD before cell seeding. These results suggest that we can modulate MSC attachment to OPF hydrogels by altering the peptide density and the molecular structure of OPF hydrogels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 169–179, 2002
PU.1 regulates the expression of the Vav proto‐oncogene
Authors: Denkinger Diane J. , Lambrecht Taryn Q. , Cushman‐Vokoun Allison M. , Kawahara Rodney S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVav is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the rho/rac GTPases that is upregulated in the embryo during the transition from primitive to definitive hematopoiesis. It is one of several genetic markers that correlates with the differentiation of the intraembryonic definitive hematopoietic stem cell. Subsequently, in the adult, vav is expressed predominantly in cells of the hematopoietic system. A heat‐resistant protein complex that bound to a 23‐bp segment, which is essential for vav promoter activity, was found to be present in myeloid cells but not T‐cells. The complex was absent in non‐hematopoietic cells which normally do not express vav. Using a saturation mutagenesis method, Mutex, a “footprint” of the protein binding site (AGAGGAAGT) was obtained that was consistent with the consensus binding site for PU.1. A specific antibody to PU.1 supershifted the complex and identified the presence of PU.1 within the complex. A GST fusion protein of the human PU.1 bound to the same consensus sequence as the heat‐resistant complex from myeloid lineages. Specific mutation of the GGAA PU.1 core binding site silenced vav promoter activity and a dominant negative PU.1 inhibited the transactivation of PU.1 at the vav promoter as measured by the expression of the EGFP reporter gene. In addition, PCR analysis of immunoprecipitated chromatin using specific antibodies for PU.1 detected the co‐immunoprecipitation of DNA containing the vav promoter. These results suggest that PU.1 is essential for transcriptional activity of the vav promoter in myeloid cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 772–783, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus‐mediated BMP2 expression in human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Olmsted Elizabeth A. , Blum Jeremy S. , Rill Donna , Yotnda Patricia , Gugala Zbigniew , Lindsey Ronald W. , Davis Alan R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecombinant adenoviral vectors have been shown to be potential new tools for a variety of musculoskeletal defects. Much emphasis in the field of orthopedic research has been placed on developing systems for the production of bone. This study aims to determine the necessary conditions for sustained production of high levels of active bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) using a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5BMP2) capable of eliciting BMP2 synthesis upon infection and to evaluate the consequences for osteoprogenitor cells. The results indicate that high levels (144 ng/ml) of BMP2 can be produced in non‐osteoprogenitor cells (A549 cell line) by this method and the resultant protein appears to be three times more biologically active than the recombinant protein. Surprisingly, similar levels of BMP2 expression could not be achieved after transduction with Ad5BMP2 of either human bone marrow stromal cells or the mouse bone marrow stromal cell line W20‐17. However, human bone marrow stromal cells cultured with 1 μM dexamethasone for four days, or further stimulated to become osteoblast‐like cells with 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid, produced high levels of BMP2 upon Ad5BMP2 infection as compared to the undifferentiated cells. The increased production of BMP2 in adenovirus transduced cells following exposure to 1 μM dexamethasone was reduced if the cells were not given 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid. When bone marrow stromal cells were allowed to become confluent in culture prior to differentiation, BMP2 production in response to Ad5BMP2 infection was lost entirely. Furthermore, the increase in BMP2 synthesis seen during differentiation was greatly decreased when Ad5BMP2 was administered prior to dexamethasone treatment. In short, the efficiency of adenovirus mediated expression of BMP2 in bone marrow stromal cells appears to be dependent on the differentiation state of these cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 11–21, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.