bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic role for the Ah receptor in cell signaling? Insights from a diverse group of Ah receptor interacting proteins
Authors: Carlson David B. , Perdew Gary H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AhR) is a member of the basic helix‐loop‐helix PER‐ARNT‐SIM (PAS) transcription factor family. Consistent with the notion that PAS proteins are biological sensors, AhR binding to Ah toxicants induces or represses transcription of a wide range of genes and results in a cascade of toxic responses. However, an endogenous role for AhR in development and homeostasis is supported by (1) the discovery of low affinity, endogenous ligands; (2) studies demonstrating a role for the receptor in development of liver and vascular systems, that were established using mice lacking AhR expression; and (3) the presence of functional dioxin‐responsive elements in promoter regions of genes involved in cellular growth and differentiation. A large body of recent literature has implicated AhR in multiple signal transduction pathways. AhR is known to interact with signaling pathways that are mediated by estrogen receptor and other hormone receptors, hypoxia, nuclear factor κB, and retinoblastoma protein. In addition, AhR complexes may affect cellular signaling through interactions with various other regulatory and signaling proteins, including PAS heterodimerization partners (ARNT), chaperone and immunophilin‐like proteins (e.g. HSP90, XAP2/ARA9/AIP, p23), protein kinases and phosphatases (e.g. tyrosine kinases, casein kinase 2, protein kinase C), and coactivators (e.g. SRC‐1, RIP 140, CBP/p300). Here we summarize the types of molecular cross talk that have been identified between AhR and cell signaling pathways. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:317–325, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10051
Conflict values and team relationships: conflict's contribution to team effectiveness and citizenship in China
Authors: Tjosvold Dean , Hui Chun , Ding Daniel Z. , Hu Junchen 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlthough conflict has traditionally been considered destructive, especially in collectivist societies like China, recent studies indicate that valuing and approaching conflict can contribute to effective teamwork. A hundred and six pairs of employees and their leaders were recruited from State Owned Enterprises in Shanghai and Nanjing. Employees described their conflict values and relationships. Their immediate supervisors rated the effectiveness of their teams and the extent of their citizenship behavior. Results indicate that positive conflict attitudes and approaching conflict can contribute to strong relationships, which in turn strengthen team effectiveness and employee citizenship. Findings suggest that how conflict values affect relationships and outcomes are more differentiated than originally expected. Results were interpreted as supporting the traditional idea that relationships are critical for effective organization work in China but also challenging future research to understand the processes by which conflict has a positive contribution to work relationships. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immersion corrosion tests on metal‐salt hydrate pairs used for latent heat storage in the 48 to 58°C temperature range
Authors: Cabeza L.F. , Roca J. , Nogués M. , Mehling H. , Hiebler S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEfficient energy storage is one of the biggest problems facing alternative energy technologies. In whatever form the energy is stored, an alternative energy system usually requires a storage buffer between carrying energy input and the varying energy demand regime at the output end of the system. A method of energy storage is the use of the latent heat from Phase Change Materials (PCMs), for example salt hydrates. In this paper we tested the corrosion resistance of five commercial metals (aluminum, brass, copper, steel and stainless steel) in contact with two salt hydrates, commonly used as PCM, with a melting temperature in the range of 48 to 58°C (sodium acetate trihydrate and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate) in experiments with a duration up to 70 days. The results demonstrated that brass and copper should be avoided when sodium acetate trihydrate is used in long term applications, but aluminum, steel and stainless steel can be used without problem. When the salt hydrate used is sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, brass and copper should not be used in any case, aluminum and stainless steel can be used, and steel in contact with graphite should be monitored because corrosion could appear after some time of use.
Transactivation of ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors by angiotensin II in normal human prostate stromal cells
Authors: Lin Jianqing , Freeman Michael R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) is synthesized primarily in the stromal compartment of the human prostate and may regulate stromal as well as epithelial cell growth and survival. The primary cognate HB‐EGF receptor, ErbB1, has been shown recently to be transactivated by G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) through regulated proteolytic cleavage of the membrane‐bound, precursor form of HB‐EGF. Previous studies have demonstrated that human prostate tissue, especially tissue from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), has high angiotensin converting enzyme activity, and a high density of angiotensin (Ang) receptors in periurethral stromal cells. Because the pressor peptide Ang II signals through GPCRs, we tested the possibility that Ang II could transactivate ErbB1/ErbB2 in human prostate stromal (hPS) cells.METHODSPrimary and early passage hPS cells were used as an in vitro model. Cells were stimulated by recombinant HB‐EGF or Ang II and total cell lysates were harvested for immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Cell growth was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay.RESULTSAng II receptors AT1 and AT2 were expressed in hPS cells. ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors were activated by HB‐EGF. Furthermore, Ang II was able to transactivate both ErbB1 and ErbB2, and this transactivation activity could be abolished by pretreatment with [Glu‐52]‐diphtheria toxin/CRM197, a specific inhibitor of HB‐EGF bioactivity. Consistent with its transactivation activity, Ang II modestly promoted hPS cell growth and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with the ErbB1 antagonist AG1478.CONCLUSIONThese experiments suggest a regulatory role for Ang II in the prostate stroma and implicate the endogenous stromal growth factor HB‐EGF as a mediator of Ang II signaling in the prostate. Prostate 54: 1–7, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ALCAM/CD166 is up‐regulated in low‐grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high‐grade lesions
Authors: Kristiansen Glen , Pilarsky Christian , Wissmann Christoph , Stephan Carsten , Weissbach Lothar , Loy Volker , Loening Stefan , Dietel Manfred , Rosenthal André 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDActivated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166) is expressed in various tissues, including malignant melanoma, prostate cancer cell lines, and prostate cancer. We aimed to clarify the expression patterns of ALCAM in normal and malignant prostate tissue.METHODSRNA from 54 matched pairs of microdissected prostate tissue (tumor and normal) was hybridized to a custom built 4K GeneChip. Frozen section immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the ALCAM expression.RESULTSChip‐based transcript analysis revealed an up‐regulation of ALCAM in prostate cancer in 22% of cases. Immunohistochemistry showed a focally raised ALCAM expression in 81% and a decreased expression in 19% of cases. These expression patterns correlated significantly with Gleason tumor grade: ALCAM up‐regulation was found in most low‐grade tumors (Gleason grade 1–3), whereas down‐regulation occurred preferentially in high‐grade tumors (Gleason grade 4 and 5), although up‐regulation of ALCAM expression was preserved in two Gleason grade 5 tumors.CONCLUSIONALCAM expression is commonly disturbed in prostate cancer, which might indicate a role of ALCAM in the progression of this disease. Prostate 54: 34–43, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insider trading as a vehicle to appropriate rent from R&D
Authors: Coff Russell W. , Lee Peggy M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWhile most insider trading is routine and legal, investors still treat it as new information about the firm's prospects—they assume that trades reflect managers' attempts to profit from their private information. This article explores insider trading as a mechanism to appropriate rent from R&D advances. We analyze stock price reactions to over 134,000 insider‐trading events and find that insider purchases generate larger positive stock price reactions for R&D‐intensive firms. Investors seem to assume that managers use insider trading to appropriate rent from R&D breakthroughs. We discuss how shareholders may prefer this rent appropriation mechanism over other forms of compensation that directly reduce the firm's income. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic capabilities and the emergence of intraindustry differential firm performance: insights from a simulation study
Authors: Zott Christoph 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper explores how the dynamic capabilities of firms may be linked to differential firm performance within an industry. A formal model is presented in which dynamic capabilities are treated as a set of routines guiding the evolution of a firm's resource configuration. The model centers on the endogenous choice firms make between resource deployment through imitation and experimentation in order to generate alternative resource configurations. Three performance‐relevant attributes of dynamic capabilities are proposed: timing, cost, and learning of resource deployment. Theoretical propositions are developed that suggest how these attributes contribute to the emergence of differential intraindustry firm performance. Simulation analysis offers insights into the trajectories of evolutionary change engendered by dynamic capability, and serves to refine the theoretical propositions. It is found that timing, cost, and learning effects foster the emergence of robust performance differences among firms with strikingly similar dynamic capabilities. Moreover, the results show that even small initial differences among firms can generate significant intraindustry differential firm performance, especially when the effects of timing, cost and learning are combined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PVD metallisation of polymer films for electronic application
Authors: Müller R. , Kindle‐Hasse B. , Siefert W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDie stetig fortschreitende Miniaturisierung in der Aufbau‐ und Verbindungstechnik macht den Einsatz neuer Strukturierungstechniken und Basismaterialien für einen zudem ständig wachsenden Massenmarkt erforderlich. Die neue Generation von Basismaterialien muss ein hohes Maß an Zuverlässigkeiten hinsichtlich der FPC‐Richtlinien erfüllen, um Produktinnovationen am Massenmarkt zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere die langzeitstabile Haftfestigkeit, die für den Einsatz der Flexmaterialien in einem breiten Applikationsumfeld notwendig ist, ist Gegenstand weiterer Entwicklungsbemühungen.
Filtered arc deposition
Authors: Bergmann Erich , Gorokowsky Vladimir 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEine Einführung in die Bedeutung der Transportprozesse bei Beschichtungen führt zur Definition des Phasenwandlers als Überbegriff für Filter für die Lichtbogenverdampfer. Einer kurzen Übersicht über Filtervarianten folgt eine Darstellung der industriellen Lösung, der rechteckigen Plasmaleitkammer. Einige Anwendungsbeispiele und ein qualitativer Vergleich mit anderen Verfahren ergänzen die Darstellung.
Triangular backgrounds shift line bisection performance in hemispatial neglect: The critical point
Authors: Esterman Michael , Mcglinchey-Berroth Regina , Alexander Michael P. , Milberg William 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIsosceles triangular backgrounds influence line bisection performance in normal control participants and patients with hemispatial neglect. When the triangles are oriented asymmetrically with the vertex in 1 visual field, and the base in the other, the perceived midpoint of horizontal lines within the triangle is shifted towards the base, and away from the vertex. The current study examines this illusion further by systematically varying the extent of the triangle presented. With only fragments of the triangle in the background of the line, the vertex is the critical component driving the illusory shift in perceived midpoint. Patients with neglect and controls are equally sensitive to the illusion. Similar geometric illusions that are also intact in neglect, along with these results, suggest that preattentive, implicit visual processing is preserved in neglect and drives these illusions.
Regulation of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression in an Experimental Model of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: BAUER PHILLIPE R. , van der HEYDE HENRI C. , SUN GUANG , SPECIAN ROBERT D. , GRANGER D. NEIL 
Published: December 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans and animal models of this disease have revealed changes in the infected host that are consistent with a systemic inflammatory response. Although it has been proposed that endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAM) contribute to the adhesive interactions of Plasmodium‐infected erythrocytes and immune cells with vascular endothelial cells, ECAM expression has not been systematically studied in Plasmodium‐infected animals.Methods: In this study, the dual radiolabeled monoclonal antibody method was used to quantify the expression of different ECAMs (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, P‐selectin, E‐selectin) in different regional vascular beds of Plasmodium berghei ANKA‐inffected mice (PbA), a well‐recognized model of human cerebral malaria. The roles of T lymphocytes and certain cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐12, IFN‐γ) in mediating the infection‐induced expression of ICAM‐1 and P‐selectin were assessed by using relevant mutant mice.Results: Wild‐type (WT) mice exhibited highly significant increases in the expression of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and P‐selectin (but not E‐selectin) in all vascular beds on the 6th day of PbA infection. The PbA‐induced upregulation of ICAM‐1 was significantly blunted in mice that were either deficient in IFN‐α, IL‐12 (but not TNF1b) or T lymphocytes (Rag‐1 deficiency); however, these responses were tissue specific.Conclusions: These findings indicate that vascular endothelial cells in most regional circulations assume an inflammatory phenotype and that cytokines and immune cells mediate this response in a tissue‐specific manner.
Development of Mouse Cremaster Transplantation Model for Intravital Microscopic Evaluation
Authors: OZER KAGAN , ZIELINSKI MACIEJ , UNSAL MURAT , SIEMIONOW MARIA 
Published: December 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: In this study, we investigated the possibility of transplanting cremaster muscle in mice. After transplantation, we measured the microcirculatory parameters and compared with the cremaster‐control values with no transplantation.Methods: In group 1 (n = 10, C57BL/6N), normal cremaster microcirculation parameters were measured without transplantation. In group 2 (n = 6), isograft transplantations were performed between C57BL/6N mice. After transplantation, standard microcirculatory parameters were measured for 3 hours in both groups.Results: The procedure was performed with a 95% success rate and 75 minutes of ischemia time. Functional capillary perfusion, diameters, and red blood cell velocities of the first‐, second‐, and third‐order arterioles and veins showed significant decreases in the isograft group within the first 2 hours (p < 0.05) but returned to normal values at the third hour. The number of rolling, adhering, and transmigrating leukocytes and lymphocytes also showed an increase in the isograft group within the first and second hours (p < 0.05, compared to cremaster control).Conclusions: Leukocyte/endothelial interaction and hemodynamic parameters of muscle flap circulation displayed the effects of ischemia in the isograft group. The cremaster muscle transplantation in mice was found to be a reliable and reproducible model offering the unique possibility of observing and studying the leukocyte‐endothelial interaction during ischemia/reperfusion injury and allograft rejection using intravital microscopy.
Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Endothelial Cytoplasmic Calcium Increases in Venular Microvessels
Authors: MCKNIGHT T.R. , CURRY F.E. 
Published: December 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: Localized inflammatory leaky sites form at regions of the microvessel wall with the largest increase in endothelial cell cytoplasmic calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i. We investigated the mechanisms that modulate localized increases in [Ca2+]i in individual endothelial cells of microvessels after exposure to ATP.Methods: [Ca2+]i was measured by using digital fluorescence microscopy and fura‐2 in the endothelial cells forming the walls of individually perfused frog mesenteric microvessels. The spread of [Ca2+]i from a localized mechanical stimulus was also measured.Results: The peak [Ca2+]i after ATP showed marked heterogeneity, ranging from 227 to 1469 nM from resting values of 69 ± 5 nM. After depolarization with high‐potassium solutions, the endothelial cells with the largest peak increase in [Ca2+]i had the largest fractional reduction. Localized increases in [Ca2+]i due to mechanical stimulus did not spread.Conclusion: The key mechanism regulating the heterogeneity in initial peak increase in [Ca2+]i is a calcium‐dependent process regulated by the calcium influx itself. One such mechanism, the calcium‐dependent opening of additional potassium channels leading to membrane hyperpolarization and increased driving force for calcium entry through passive conductance pathways, accounts for a significant amount of the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]i in our experiments. Further investigations of both localized calcium influx and membrane potentials in the endothelial cells of intact microvessels in both frog and mammals using the imaging methods developed for these investigations are needed to understand the formation of localized leaky sites in inflamed microvessels.
Microcirculation as a Target for the Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Statins
Authors: SCALIA ROSARIO , STALKER TIMOTHY J. 
Published: December 2002

ABSTRACTStatins are inhibitors of the 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a ubiquitous enzyme critical for the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Because of their cholesterol‐lowering properties, statins are extensively used in medical practice, and large clinical trials have shown that statins effectively reduce cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality. In the past 5 years, an important, new concept suggesting that the cardioprotective effects of statins are not necessarily related to cholesterol‐lowering actions has emerged. Indeed, in vivo findings have clearly shown that statins exert anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and that they modulate vascular remodeling under normocholesterolemic conditions. These pleiotropic properties of statins affect important molecules in vascular biology and help preserve endothelial function in acute and chronic inflammatory states of the cardiovascular system, including coronary and cerebral artery diseases, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates that the microcirculation is a crucial target for the pleiotropic actions of statins because of its important role in regulating blood flow, leukocyte‐endothelium interactions, and vascular remodeling. Accordingly, this review focuses on the role that the microcirculation plays in the vascular protective action of statins.
Cytochromeb558–Dependent NAD(P)H Oxidase–Phox Units in Smooth Muscle and Macrophages of Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Kalinina Natalia , Agrotis Alex , Tararak Eduard , Antropova Yulia , Kanellakis Peter , Ilyinskaya Olga , Quinn Mark T. , Smirnov Vladimir , Bobik Alex 
Published: December 2002

Objective—Despite studies implicating superoxide anion–producing oxidases in atherosclerosis, their characteristics, expression, and regulation in cells of lesions are poorly understood. We examined the following: (1) whether cytochromeb558–dependent NAD(P)H oxidase–phox peptides are expressed by intimal smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) and macrophages of human aortic atherosclerotic lesions and their regulation and (2) whether cytochromeb558–dependent NAD(P)H oxidase represents a major NAD(P)H oxidase in iSMCs.Methods and Results—Using a combination of immunochemical and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction procedures, we demonstrate that p22phoxand gp91phox(cytochromeb558) expression in normal intima was restricted to a quarter of the iSMCs. In fatty streaks, a similar fraction of iSMCs expressed cytochromeb558, whereas macrophages also expressed low levels of p47phoxand p67phox. In fibrofatty lesions, the majority of iSMCs expressed the cytochromeb558subunits; p67phoxwas also detected. Macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells expressed the 4 phox subunits that constitute superoxide-producing cytochromeb558–dependent NAD(P)H oxidase. These were upregulated by transforming growth factor-β1and interferon-γ. Aortic lesions also expressed Thox1 and Nox4, and although their expression also increases with lesion severity, their expression is less frequent than that of gp91phox.Conclusions—In human aortic fibrofatty lesions, a cytochromeb558–dependent NAD(P)H oxidase appears to be a major iSMC and macrophage oxidase whose expression is upregulated by cytokines.
PlAPolymorphism of Integrin β3Differentially Modulates Cellular Migration on Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Authors: Sajid Mansoor , Vijayan K. Vinod , Souza Shiloe , Bray Paul F. 
Published: December 2002

Objective—Cell migration is central to multiple physiological and pathologic processes and involves interactions between integrins on the cell surface and the extracellular matrix. The Leu33Pro (PlA) polymorphism of integrin β3has been reported to be associated with a greater rate of restenosis after angioplasty, a process involving endothelial and smooth muscle cell migration. We have addressed the possibility that the Leu33Pro polymorphism could modify the migratory behavior of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the β3-containing integrin complexes.Methods and Results—Haptotactic migratory responses of CHO αIIbβ3cells to fibronectin and vitronectin were not statistically different between the Leu33 and Pro33 cells. However, CHO cells with the Pro33 (PlA2) polymorphism had an enhanced haptotactic migratory response to fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor. This enhanced migration (1) could be blocked by the αIIbβ3-complex–specific neutralizing mAb 10E5, by 7E3, a neutralizing mAb specific for the β3integrin, and by the αIIbβ3-blocking peptide Integrilin; (2) was not observed with a CHO cell line expressing an activating β3Cys435 to Ala mutation; and (3) was attributable to increased activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase. CHO cell lines expressing the Pro33 isoform of αvβ3had an enhanced haptotactic migratory response to vitronectin and osteopontin but not fibrinogen.Conclusions—The Leu33Pro polymorphism alters the migratory behavior of cells on extracellular matrix substrates, and the α subunit influences the substrate specificity of this genetic effect.