bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant communication and the mother–infant relationship: The importance of level of risk and construct measurement
Authors: Barwick Melanie A. , Cohen Nancy J. , Horodezky Naomi B. , Lojkasek Mirek 
Published: April 2004

AbstractInfants' emerging communication skills are understood to be associated with the maternal relationship, particularly for children experiencing high levels of social risk. This study attempts to determine the extent to which this association is influenced by (a) the mental health risk of the dyad and (b) different operational definitions and measurement of both the dyadic relationship and the construct of “communication.” Ninety‐six infants (10–30 months) and their mothers were recruited: A total of 46 were at‐risk dyads referred to a mental health clinic for relationship‐based emotional and/or behavioral difficulties, and 50 were nonrisk dyads not seeking mental health services and served as a normative reference or comparison group. Several factors were assessed: (a) developmental competence, (b) maternal psychopathology, (c) quality of mother–infant interaction during play, (d) attachment security classification, (e) prelinguistic and social‐affective communication, and (f) linguistic communication. In all infants studied, the quality of mother–infant interaction during play, rather than the attachment security classification, was associated with infants' prelinguistic and social‐affective communication abilities, but not with linguistic communication. Different aspects of mother–infant interaction predicted prelinguistic communication for clinic and comparison infants whereas only infant age predicted linguistic communication. All infants displayed communication abilities in the normal range, but the statistically poorer performance demonstrated by clinic‐referred infants could become clinically meaningful in later childhood. Best practices should include communication screening of infants presenting with attachment problems and screening for relational difficulties in infants presenting with communication delays. ©2004 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
AQS security scores: What do they represent? A study in construct validation
Authors: Van Bakel Hedwig J.A. , Riksen‐Walraven J. Marianne 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn a sample of 129 Dutch 15‐month‐old infants, attachment security was assessed both with the Attachment Q‐Set (AQS; Waters, 1995) and with a short version of Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Wall's (1978) Strange Situation (SSS). Infants classified as secure using the SSS had significantly higher AQS scores than insecure and disorganized infants in particular. At the AQS item level, disorganized infants were described as significantly more noncompliant, fussy, and angry relative to secure infants. When security as assessed using the SSS was controlled, the observed quality of parental interactive behavior, parental ego‐resilience, high levels of infant task orientation and pleasure, and low levels of infant anger proneness were found to explain significant and unique portions of the variance in the AQS security scores. The apparently unfavorable set of characteristics associated with low AQS security scores suggests such scores to predict later developmental problems. ©2004 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Mothers' interactions with temperamentally frustrated infants
Authors: Calkins Susan D. , Hungerford Anne , Dedmon Susan E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA sample of 162 six‐month‐old infants was selected from a larger sample of 346 infants on the basis of mothers' report of their infants' temperament and a laboratory assessment of temperament. Infants were classified as easily frustrated or less frustrated and observed in several types of interactions with their mothers in the laboratory. Mothers completed several measures that indicated their level of parenting stress, psychological functioning, and marital adjustment. Maternal behavior with infants was coded along the dimensions of sensitivity, intrusiveness, and physical stimulation. Results indicated that maternal intrusiveness was related to infant temperament and that maternal physical stimulation was predicted by an interaction of infant temperament and mothers' perceived parenting stress. Implications of these findings for mother–infant interaction and subsequent child adjustment are discussed. ©2004 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Interval bigraphs and circular arc graphs
Authors: Hell Pavol , Huang Jing 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe prove that the complements of interval bigraphs are precisely those circular arc graphs of clique covering number two, which admit a representation without two arcs covering the whole circle. We give another characterization of interval bigraphs, in terms of a vertex ordering, that we hope may prove helpful in finding a more efficient recognition algorithm than presently known. We use these results to show equality, amongst bipartite graphs, of several classes of structured graphs (proper interval bigraphs, complements of proper circular arc graphs, asteroidal‐triple‐free graphs, permutation graphs, and co‐comparability graphs). Our results verify a conjecture of Lundgren and disprove a conjecture of Müller. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 46: 313–327, 2004
A novel movement disorder of the lower lip
Authors: Kleopa Kleopas A. , Kyriakides Theodoros 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFour patients, aged 25 to 42 years presented with acute onset of a movement disorder characterized by a tonic, sustained, lateral and outward protrusion of one half of the lower lip. The movement disorder was present at rest, while in some patients, it was also present during speech. In all cases, the abnormal lip posture could be suppressed voluntarily. Neurological examination was otherwise normal. Extensive laboratory investigation failed to reveal any causative factors for secondary focal dystonia. Treatment with oral medications and botulinum toxin was mostly ineffective. Spontaneous remissions were frequent. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Neutronen sehen Spinorientierung auf Nanoskala
Authors: Weissmüller Jörg , Michels Andreas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDie attraktiven magnetischen Eigenschaften nanokristalliner Weichmagnete werden darauf zurückgeführt, dass bei geringer Kristallitgröße die Orientierung der Spins den Sprüngen in den magnetisch leichten Richtungen von Kristallit zu Kristallit nicht mehr folgen kann. Physiker am Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe konnten jüngst diese Vorhersage mit Neutronenstreuung überprüfen [1].
Teamarbeit im Supraleiter
Authors: Sparn Günter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMagnetismus und Supraleitung galten lange Zeit als gegensätzlich. Die Entdeckung von Supraleitung in einem Metall, das eine dichte Anordnung von magnetischen Ionen enthält, veränderte dieses Bild Ende der 1970er‐Jahre grundlegend.
Analysis of melting transitions in extended‐chain polymer crystals
Authors: Rein Dmitry M. , Khalfin Rafail L. , Cohen Yachin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIt is a well‐known experimental observation that the melting transition of polymer crystals can be affected by an external constraint, force or pressure. This effect is enhanced in cases in which chain extension is maintained. In particular, the melting temperature of extended‐chain polyethylene fibers is elevated by increased hydrostatic pressure. We use the theoretical description of Elyashevich, Baranov, and Frenkel to analyze the effect of chain extension on the relative increase in the melting temperature. This model considers explicitly the entropy difference between the crystal and melt when a given degree of chain extension is maintained. We extend this interpretation to consider the melting of different metastable phases, using the melting enthalpy as a parameter. This can explain the observed metastability of the hexagonal phase of polyethylene in extended‐chain fibers under moderate pressure, as recently observed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2238–2244, 2004
Regulation of interleukin‐6‐mediated PI3K activation and neuroendocrine differentiation by androgen signaling in prostate cancer LNCaP cells
Authors: Xie Shaozhen , Lin Hui‐Kuan , Ni Jing , Yang Lin , Wang Liang , di Sant'Agnese P. Anthony , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer has been suggested to be one of the early events in the development of androgen independence. In the human prostate cancer LNCaP cell line, treatment with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) induces NE‐like differentiation, which is similar to the phenomena observed in advanced stages of prostate cancer progression. In this study, we investigate how androgen plays a role in IL‐6‐mediated NE differentiation in LNCaP cell line.METHODSWestern blot, co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP), and GST pull‐down assays were performed to detect the protein expression and protein–protein interaction. PI3K kinase assay was used to measure PI3K activity.RESULTSAddition of androgen blocks IL‐6‐mediated PI3K activation and NE differentiation in LNCaP cells. In vivo and in vitro protein interaction assays suggested that androgen receptor (AR) can directly interact with IL‐6 transducer gp130. In addition, androgen treatment enhances the interaction between AR and gp130, interrupts the IL‐6‐induced gp130‐mediated PI3K activation, which may lead to inhibition of IL‐6‐mediated NE differentiation in LNCaP cells.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest androgen and AR can regulate IL‐6‐mediated LNCaP cell NE differentiation via directly modulating the IL‐6‐PI3K pathway. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical cues and binary individual recognition in the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus
Authors: Gherardi Francesca , Tiedemann John 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe behaviour exhibited by the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus in response to an empty shell varied in the presence of cues from conspecific individuals according to its familiarity or not with them. This binary discrimination was independent of the conspecific's relative size and was based on chemical signatures, an ability that this species shares with a few other aquatic invertebrates. From our results, olfaction appeared to be the dominant sensory channel in P. longicarpus' binary discrimination, but the combination of two signal components from visual and olfactory channels resulted in the enhancement of the response displayed by the receiver. Besides, crabs reacted differently when exposed to their own odour than to the odour of familiar (as well as unfamiliar) conspecifics, suggesting that recognition in this species can be more refined than a binary discrimination and that chemical ‘badges’ may be attributes of individual crabs.
A telemetry study of the social organization of a tawny owl (Strix aluco) population
Authors: Sunde Peter , Bølstad Mikkel S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe spatial dispersion and social interactions were studied in 11 neighbouring pairs of radio‐tagged tawny owls Strix aluco in a deciduous wood in Denmark from 1998–2001. The numbers and shapes of territories were stable throughout the survey and similar to a mapping made 40 years earlier. The home ranges of mates were of equal size and overlapped 82% in summer and 56% in winter. The inter‐mate distances were on average 2.7% shorter than expected by chance. The activity distribution of neighbouring pairs overlapped 9% (95% CI: 2–15%) on average. Males and females did not differ in overlap with neighbours, and there was a similar overlap between neighbours of the same and opposite sex. Both sexes vocalized more often in the peripheries than in the centres of their territory. The vocal activity during May–September varied extensively among years and months in accordance with variation in the density of juvenile floaters. Males and females vocalized equally often and were involved in disputes with neighbours at similar rates. Usually, neighbouring disputes involved either one individual from each pair or all four. Disputes involving all four owls more often involved chasing and fighting than those involving one owl only from each pair. The dispute rate between neighbouring pairs correlated positively with home‐range overlap. The total annual mortality was 21% (95% CI: 6–33%). Dead owners were usually replaced within 1–2 months. Two out of four cases of radio‐tagged owls disappearing from their territory because of natural causes was due to take‐overs by invading owls, suggesting that the risk of losing fitness resulting from eviction was important. The apparent co‐operative territorial behaviour of tawny owl pairs is probably due to improved resource holding potential of pair coalitions compared to single individuals.
Enhanced vigilance in groups in Egernia stokesii, a lizard with stable social aggregations
Authors: Lanham Elvira J. , Bull C. Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Australian gidgee skink Egernia stokesii is unusual among lizards in that it maintains stable social aggregations of related individuals. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether lizards living in groups gained benefits from the collective detection of approaching threats. In captive colonies, lizards living in a group detected an approaching threat earlier than lizards alone, and lizards basking in a group spent more time in a non‐vigilant, eyes‐closed, state than lizards alone. These results imply that individuals in this species gain from the enhanced vigilance associated with group membership. Since many juveniles remain within their natal groups, group vigilance may enhance inclusive fitness.
The effect of short‐term cortisol changes on growth hormone responses to the pyridostigmine‐growth‐hormone‐releasing‐hormone test in healthy adults and patients with suspected growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Andersen Marianne , Støving Rene K. , Hangaard Jørgen , Petersen Per H. , Hagen Claus 
Published: April 2004

BACKGROUND AND AIMSThe interaction between cortisol and growth hormone (GH)‐levels may significantly influence GH‐responses to a stimulation test. In order to systematically analyse the interaction in a paired design, it is necessary to use a test, which has been proven safe and reliable such as the pyridostigmine‐growth‐hormone‐releasing‐hormone (PD‐GHRH) test. Three groups of subjects with a different GH‐secretory capacity were included.STUDY AEight healthy adults were tested seven times, once with placebo throughout the examination and six times with the PD‐GHRH test following no glucocorticoid pretreatment, pretreatment with hydrocortisone (HC) (30 mg/day and 80 mg/day for 1 and 3 days) or pretreatment with 15 mg prednisolone for 1 day. HC (80 mg/day for 1 day) in combination with PD significantly stimulated GH‐levels compared to PD alone, 18.9 mU/l ± 6.1 vs 3.0 mU/l ± 0.8 (P < 0.05). However, peak GH‐responses to PD in combination with GHRH were reduced during HC (80 mg/day for 1 day) compared to no glucocorticoid pretreatment in all healthy adults. Conventional HC therapy (30 mg/day for 1 and 3 days) did not significantly affect peak GH‐responses.STUDY B16 patients with suspected GH‐deficiency (GHD) (seven with known ACTH‐deficiency and nine with an intact pituitary‐adrenal axis) were tested five times with the PD‐GHRH test following no pretreatment or pretreatment with HC (30 mg/day and 80 mg/day for 1 and 3 days). Peak GH‐responses were not significantly affected by conventional HC therapy (30 mg/day for 1 and 3 days). However, peak GH‐responses to PD in combination with GHRH were reduced during HC (80 mg/day for 1 day) compared to no glucocorticoid pretreatment in all patients. Short‐term hypocortisolism did not significantly affect peak GH‐responses.CONCLUSIONThe GH‐responses to a PD‐GHRH test were reduced in all individuals during acute stress‐appropriate cortisol levels and the percentage reduction in GH‐levels was independent of the GH‐secretory capacity. Clinically, we found that peak GH‐responses were not significantly affected by a short break in conventional HC therapy nor by conventional HC therapy itself. However, our results also demonstrated that a GH‐stimulation test should not be performed on patients, suffering from acute stress.
Becoming a manual occupation? The construction of a therapy manual for use with language impaired children in mainstream primary schools
Authors: McCartney Elspeth , Boyle James , Bannatyne Susan , Jessiman Emma , Campbell Cathy , Kelsey Cherry , Smith Jennifer , O'Hare Anne 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground: The construction of therapy protocols for a large‐scale randomized controlled trial comparing speech and language therapists and assistants, and group and individual therapy approaches for children aged 6–11 in mainstream schools is outlined.Aims: The aim was to outline the decision‐making processes that led to the construction of the research therapy manual, and to give a preliminary report on compliance with the manual.Methods & Procedures: A search of the research and professional literature and of published therapy materials was conducted to locate usable examples of effective language therapy for primary school children. Results were collated into a manual of therapy principles and activities to structure research intervention. The use of the manual with children (n=30) receiving individual or group direct therapy from a speech and language therapist in the first phase of intervention was audited.Outcomes & Results: Very few high‐level research studies were found, but the professional literature gave added information. Therapies for comprehension monitoring, vocabulary development, later grammar and narrative were adapted for the research intervention, and procedures compiled into a manual to guide research speech and language therapists and assistants. The audit of direct therapy suggested that the manual was useable, providing a suitable range of activities and materials for therapy intervention. Its use helped to record the therapy offered to research children, and formed a sound basis for discussion amongst speech and language therapists and between speech and language therapist/assistant pairs.Conclusions: The construction and use of a therapy manual allowed the provision of replicable therapy within the research project whilst maintaining flexibility.
Post‐herniographic abdominal pain syndrome
Authors: Ekberg O. , Lasson Å. , Kesek P. , Olsson R. , Gustafson T. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To disclose the frequency of abdominal pain that led to post‐procedure hospitalization and the outcome of this major complication. Material and Methods: 576 patients who had undergone herniography during a 13‐year period were retrospectively analysed. Results: Nine out of 576 patients (1.6%) undergoing herniography with an iodine contrast medium developed abdominal pain. The pain resolved within 24 h in 6 patients while 3 patients had pain for up to 3 days. Conclusion: Patients who present with this pain syndrome thus only need careful clinical observation until asymptomatic, with no need for laparotomy or X‐ray examination. Prior to herniography, the patients should be informed about this potential complication.
Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring bone metastases in breast cancer patients receiving bisphosphonates and endocrine therapy
Authors: Montemurro F. , Russo F. , Martincich L. , Cirillo S. , Gatti M. , Aglietta M. , Regge D. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To study the role of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in monitoring the response of bone metastases to endocrine therapy combined with bisphosphonates in patients with breast cancer. Material and Methods: Ten breast cancer patients with bone metastases who were to receive endocrine therapy and bisphosphonates were investigated prospectively by DCE‐MRI. We chose a reference lesion for each patient who was studied at baseline, within 3 weeks from the second administration of bisphosphonates, and after 4 and 8 months from the initiation of medical treatment. Time/intensity curves, representing temporal changes of signal intensity in areas of interest in the context of the target lesions (ROI), were obtained for each DCE‐MRI. Results: Changes in the shape of the T/I curves suggesting tumor regression were seen shortly after the initiation of medical treatment in the three patients who had the most durable responses. Conclusion: DCE‐MRI has the potential to detect early changes related to medical treatment in bone metastases from breast cancer. If confirmed in larger series, these data identify DCE‐MRI as a diagnostic tool for evaluating new bone targeting antineoplastic agents.
Magnetic resonance venography in consecutive patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity: initial experience
Authors: Baarslag H. J. , van Beek E. J. R. , Reekers J. A. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To assess the feasibility and accuracy of two magnetic resonance (MR) venography methods in a consecutive series of patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity (DVTUE). Material and Methods: Consecutive in‐ and outpatients who were referred for imaging of suspected DVTUE in a large teaching hospital during the period April 2001 to October 2002 were eligible for inclusion. All patients were scheduled to undergo contrast venography with the intention to perform additional MR venography. Both time‐of‐flight and gadolinium‐enhanced 3D MR venography were scheduled. All MR imaging were interpreted independently by consensus of two experienced radiologists, who were blinded for contrast venography outcome. Patients were managed based on contrast venography only. Results: A total of 44 patients were eligible for inclusion. Thirteen patients were excluded (5 refused consent, 2 inability to gain venous access, 2 renal failure, 4 logistic reasons). Contrast venography was performed in 31 patients, and demonstrated DVTUE in 11 patients. MR imaging was not feasible in 10 patients (4 unable to lie flat, 3 claustrophobia, 1 too large for MR scanner, 1 osteosynthesis of shoulder, 1 pacemaker). The sensitivity and specificity of TOF MRV versus Gadolinium 3D MRV was 71% and 89% versus 50% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: A high number of patients were unable to undergo MR venography in this setting. Contrast‐enhanced MRV did not improve diagnostic accuracy. The clinical utility of MR venography in the setting of suspected DVTUE seems disappointing.
Of Rats and Economists
Authors: McDonough Terrence 
Published: April 2004

When the article “Experimental Confirmation of the Existence of a Giffen Good,” authored by Raymond C. Battalio, John H. Kagel, and Carl A. Kogut, appeared in 1991 in theAmerican Economic Reviewit represented the culmination of two separate and seemingly unrelated traditions in the economics literature. The first is a now-venerable tradition of attempting to locate Giffen behavior in the real world. The second is a more truncated modern tradition of animal experimentation in economics. In their article, Battalioet al.combine these traditions through setting out to discover Giffen behavior in a laboratory setting using white rats as experimental subjects. The authors (p. 962) describe their experimental procedure:Subjects were placed in an experimental chamber for approximately three hours each day, during which time they received their entire daily liquid food ration … A rat obtained quinine and root beer by pressing either of two levers mounted on a wall in the experimental chamber … Income was controlled by restricting the number of lever presses that would result in obtaining liquid. Prices were changed by varying the amount of liquid obtained at each lever press.