bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral lupus erythematosus: Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD1a, CD21, CD123, and langerin expression in dendritic cells
Authors: Marques Elisa Raquel Martins da Costa , Hsieh Ricardo , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Nico Marcello Menta Simonsen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDendritic cells participate in the pathophysiology of lupus erythematosus (LE), which are studied in systemic and cutaneous forms; however, little is known about their oral manifestations.MethodsThe expressions of dendritic cell markers (including CD1a, CD21, CD123, and langerin) were investigated by immunohistochemistry technique. Sixty intraoral and lower lip LE lesions, and additional 10 control samples were collected from 2003 to 2019. They were topographically analyzed in the epithelium (EP), lamina propria (LP), epithelial junction (JUN), and deep perivascular (PV) areas.ResultsThe expression of CD1a was decreased in the EP (p = 0.003) and increased in the deep PV area (p = 0.002). Langerin immunostaining showed no significant decrease in EP (p = 0.944); however, it increased in LP (p = 0.012) and JUN (p = 0.006). CD21 was expressed in only two specimens (EP, p = 0.012; LP, p < 0.001; deep PV area, p = 0.018). CD123 expression increased in all topographies (EP, p < 0.005; LP, p < 0.001, JUN, p < 0.001; deep PV, p < 0.001). The comparison between vermilion and intraoral mucosa LE lesions suggested that sun‐exposed sites showed higher expression of CD123 (EP, p = 0.024; LP, p = 0.047; JUN, p = 0.001).ConclusionsCD1a, langerin, and CD123 expressions were detected coincidently surrounding the inflammatory infiltrate in oral LE, suggesting that these cells may play an important role in immune response. Interestingly, plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed increased CD123 expression in sun‐exposed site lesions, which point out a possible function in their pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Acute REM sleep behaviour disorder associated with alcohol withdrawal: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chakraborty Radhika , Biswas Tathagata , Mishra Biswa Ranjan , Parmar Arpit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by the loss of REM sleep muscle atonia and the enactment of dreams. Acute RBD associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome is known, but the studies are limited, particularly on its neurobiological underpinnings and management alongside the withdrawal state. This work attempts to address this using a case study and relevant literature review.Case PresentationA 40‐year‐old male with alcohol dependence (for 20 years) reported new‐onset terrifying nightmares and violent behaviours in his sleep precipitated by alcohol withdrawal states for the last 18 months. The polysomnographic finding of REM‐without‐atonia supported the diagnosis of RBD. He was treated with chlordiazepoxide 100 mg/day (gradually tapered and stopped) and thiamine supplements. Post‐discharge, he remained abstinent and symptom‐free during the three months of follow‐up.DiscussionRBD related to alcohol withdrawal syndrome has been previously described in a few anecdotal reports. Sudden withdrawal from central nervous system suppressants like alcohol is hypothesised to cause a homeostatic imbalance in gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways and ‘REM rebound’, resulting in the clinical and polysomnographic picture of RBD. Benzodiazepines have been found to be useful in both RBD and alcohol withdrawal.ConclusionsAlcohol withdrawal syndrome may present with acute RBD, which can be treated with a short course of benzodiazepine. However, further studies are needed to explore the long‐term course of RBD in these patients.
Effects of the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project on rates of child abuse and neglect 7 years post‐implementation (1999–2010)
Authors: Freisthler Bridget , Price Wolf Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionEvaluations of alcohol environmental prevention efforts examine short‐term effects of these interventions on alcohol‐related problems. We examine whether the effects of the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP), an alcohol environmental intervention aimed to reduce alcohol‐related problems in two neighbourhoods, on child abuse and neglect remained 7 years post‐implementation.MethodsSNAPP used a quasi‐experimental non‐equivalent control group design, where intervention activities occurred in the South area, followed by those in the North area 2 years later. Our sample size is 3912 space–time units (326 census block groups × 12 years [1999–2010]). Outcomes were measured at the household level and included: (i) all foster care entries total; and (ii) the subset of foster care entries that were alcohol related. Data were analysed using Bayesian conditionally autoregressive space–time models.ResultsWe find that the decreases in total (relative rate [RR] = 0.882, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.795, 0.980) and alcohol‐related (RR = 0.888, 95% CrI 0.791, 0.997) foster care entries remain in the North intervention area although the magnitude of those changes are smaller than immediately post‐intervention. Increases found in alcohol‐related foster care entries in the South area immediately post‐intervention were not significant 7 years later (RR = 1.128, 95% CrI 0.975, 1.307).Discussion and ConclusionsReductions in child abuse and neglect due to an alcohol environmental intervention can be maintained. Environmental interventions that provide community‐level primary prevention strategies could be more easily sustained and more cost effective than individual‐level interventions, although more research is needed to identify why interventions may be successful in specific contexts and not others.
Use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in France: Analysis of French nationwide health insurance database
Authors: de Germay Sibylle , Pambrun Elodie , Pariente Antoine , Grenet Guillaume , Bezin Julien , Faillie Jean‐Luc 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) have been commercialized in France for type 2 diabetes since April 2020 and later for heart and renal diseases. Given the recent developments in treating diabetes and the widening of SGLT‐2i indications, we aimed to study changes in the use of glucose‐lowering drugs in France and to characterize SGLT‐2i new users.MethodsWe performed a nationwide utilization study using the French health insurance database. Trends in incidence and prevalence of glucose‐lowering drug use were assessed by a repeated cross‐sectional study in 2019 and 2021. A cohort study of incident SGLT‐2i users was then conducted to describe patient characteristics and the strategy for treating diabetes.ResultsThe prevalence of SGLT‐2i use gradually reached 0.1% in the third quarter of 2021 and increased more significantly to 0.2% thereafter. SGLT‐2i became the second most prescribed glucose‐lowering drug class after metformin at the end of 2021 (0.1%). Among the cohort of 125 387 SGLT‐2i new users (mean age 65.0 years; 60.1% of men), 87.6% presented a diabetic comorbidity. The patient profile changed over the study period with an increasing proportion of patients with cardiovascular (28.7% in 2020 vs. 40.2% in 2021) or renal (7.7% in 2020 vs. 11.8% in 2021) comorbidities at initiation. The main combinations used at SGLT‐2i initiation were metformin (12.5%) and metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (8.1%). One‐year probability of SGLT‐2i persistence was estimated to be 55%.ConclusionThe expansion of indications for SGLT‐2i and the broadening of the target population make it essential to assess the reasons for discontinuation and review their safety profile.
Three centuries of corporate governance in the United Kingdom
Authors: Turner John D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs articulated by Adam Smith, one of the central issues facing companies is that managers will not run the business in the interests of its owners and will misuse resources. This ultimately has a detrimental consequence for the wealth of the nation. This survey reviews the nature and evolution of the corporate governance of UK public companies over the past 300 years. It makes two principal arguments. First, because the separation of ownership and control was one of the rationales for the introduction of the corporate form, we should not be surprised that corporate ownership has generally been diffuse. Second, over time, the way in which owners ensure that managers act in their interests has gradually changed from a system in which shareholders monitored and exercised voice to one where there was more reliance on external forces and exiting ownership.
Sex differences in acute stroke metrics and outcome dependent on COVID status
Authors: Mayer‐Suess Lukas , Marto João Pedro , Strambo Davide , Ntaios George , Nguyen Thanh , Kiechl Stefan , Pechlaner Raimund , Nogueira Raul , Michel Patrik , Knoflach Michael ,   for the Global COVID19 Stroke Registry
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeBiological sex is known to have an impact on quality metrics of acute stroke. We aimed to determine whether COVID positivity accentuates this effect and constitutes worse outcome.MethodsThe present analysis was based on the Global COVID‐19 Stroke Registry, a retrospective, international, cohort study of consecutive ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy between 1 March 2020 and 30 June 2021. We investigated differences between the sexes in patient characteristics, acute stroke metrics as well as post‐stroke outcome in COVID‐positive and COVID‐negative stroke patients undergoing acute revascularization procedures.ResultsA total of 15,128 patients from 106 centers were recorded in the Global COVID‐19 Stroke Registry, 853 (5.6%) of whom were COVID‐positive. Overall, COVID‐positive individuals were treated significantly slower according to every acute stroke metric compared to COVID‐negative patients. We were able to show that key quality indicators in acute stroke treatment were unfavorable for COVID‐negative women compared to men (last‐seen‐well‐to‐door time + 11 min in women). Furthermore, COVID‐negative women had worse 3‐month outcomes (3‐month modified Rankin Scale score [interquartile range] 3.0 [4.0] vs. 2.0 [3.0]; p < 0.01), even after adjusting for confounders. In COVID‐positive individuals no such difference between the sexes, either in acute management metrics or in 3‐month outcome, was seen.ConclusionKnown sex‐related differences in acute stroke management exist and extend to times of crisis. Nevertheless, if patients were COVID‐19‐positive at stroke onset, women and men were treated the same, which could be attributed to structured treatment pathways.
Fathers' motivations and expectations from participating in early child care: A study in Ghanaian Municipality
Authors: Adusei Kwame , Manful Esmeranda , Ofori‐Dua Kwadwo , Yeboah Eric Henry 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge on first‐time fathers' motivations and expectations from participating in early child care in Ghana.BackgroundThis study explores the motivations and expectations of first‐time fathers from participating in early child care, which is mostly a preserved responsibility for mothers worldwide, and Ghana is no exception because fathers were restricted to breadwinning and moral corrections.MethodWe used qualitative case study design, and a total of 28 first‐time fathers participated in semistructured interviews. The interviews were audio recorded and analyzed thematically.ResultsThe data analysis revealed that the changing economic condition of the family, the celebration of Father's Day, childcare laws, and the introduction of hands‐on care motivated first‐time fathers' participation in early child care. Securing a better future for the child, using children as insurance for old age, having a law‐abiding child, strengthening the father–child bond, strengthening the husband–wife bond, and gaining community recognition were the expectations of first‐time fathers.ConclusionParticipants held different motivations and expectations for participating in early child care, and this study calls on policymakers to develop father‐friendly policies and programs that promote and sensitize fathers on their participation in early child care in the family.
The effects of scaling and root planing plus home oral hygiene maintenance in Stage I/II periodontitis population: A 24‐week randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jenkins Wendy , Starke E. Michelle , Nelson Melissa , Milleman Kimberly , Milleman Jeffery , Ward Marilyn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the effects of powered and manual toothbrushing following scaling and root planing on bleeding on probing and other clinical indicators of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, examiner‐blind, parallel‐design, 24‐week clinical study. Eligible subjects were 18–75 years of age with Stage I or II periodontitis. All subjects received scaling and root planing (SRP) within 28 days of enrollment. Thereafter, subjects were randomized to twice daily at‐home use of either a powered toothbrush (PTB) or a manual toothbrush (MTB). Randomization was balanced for gender and periodontitis stage. No other oral hygiene aids were permitted. Subjects were evaluated every 4 weeks for the following measures: bleeding on probing (BOP), surface plaque (MPI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level until Week 24.ResultsOf 328 randomized subjects, 299 subjects completed the study. For BOP at Week 24, the Least Squares (LS) Mean, standard error (SE) reduction from baseline was 0.24 (0.01) for the PTB group and 0.02 (0.01) for the MTB group, resulting in a statistically significant treatment difference of 0.22 (0.01), p‐value < 0.0001. There were also concomitant reductions in MPI and PPD at Week 24, resulting in statistically significant (p‐value < 0.0001) LS Mean (SE) treatment differences of 0.86 (0.04) and 0.24 (0.01), for MPI and PPD, respectively.ConclusionWhen combined with SRP, daily home oral hygiene maintenance including a powered toothbrush significantly reduced clinical symptoms of periodontitis and surface plaque levels compared to a manual toothbrush in a Stage I/II periodontitis population. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04254770).
South‐to‐South parental migration patterns and excess weight among children: Insights from a national cross‐sectional study in Colombia
Authors: Devia Carlos , Flórez Karen , Costa Sergio A. , Huang Terry T.‐K. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundEvidence from Latin America suggests that children embedded in South‐to‐North migrant networks (i.e. relatives who live abroad, typically in the United States) are at increased risk of excess weight. It is unclear if the same findings apply to children embedded in Latin American intraregional migration or South‐to‐South migration networks.ObjectiveTo compare excess weight among Colombian children embedded in South‐to‐South migration networks (n = 334) to children with non‐migrant parents (n = 4272) using Colombia's 2015 National Survey of the Nutritional Situation.MethodsPrevalence ratios (PRs) for excess weight (BMI z‐score ≥1) by parent migration history were estimated using weighted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographics, child behaviours, community and household indicators, including household food insecurity.ResultsMost migrant parents returned to Colombia from Venezuela (84%) and reported higher household food insecurity rates than non‐migrant parents (59% versus 32%). Models excluding household food insecurity showed that excess weight among children with migrant parents was 51% lower (PR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.25, 0.98) than among children with non‐migrant parents. After adjustment for household food insecurity, no statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionColombian children with return migrant parents from Venezuela experienced less excess weight than children with non‐migrant parents, but higher rates of food insecurity in migrant households might partially explain this difference. This study calls attention to two serious public health concerns for Colombian children—those who have excess weight and those who lack sufficient food, particularly among migrant returnees (a situation that may have worsened since the COVID‐19 pandemic).
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of individual‐level obesity treatment in paediatrics: A scoping review
Authors: Dhillon Ashwin , Mayer Madeline , Kysh Lynn , Fox D. Steven , Hegedus Elizabeth , Vidmar Alaina P. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryObjectivesThis scoping review informs a health economics perspective on the treatment of paediatric obesity. The results detail recently published research findings on the cost‐effectiveness of paediatric obesity treatments and identify key characteristics of cost‐effective interventions.MethodsA structured search was applied to six databases with no data restriction through March 2023: Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Studies that included a cost analysis of an individual level, weight management intervention (behavioural, pharmacotherapy, and surgical) in youth, with obesity, ages 2 to 21 years were eligible for inclusion.ResultsOf the 4371 records identified in the initial search, 353 underwent full‐text review, 39 studies met the pre‐specified inclusion criteria. The majority were published after 2010 (n = 36/39, 92%) and applied to high‐income countries (n = 39/39, 100%). Thirty‐five of the studies assessed the cost‐effectiveness of lifestyle interventions (90%), and four studies assessed surgical outcomes (10%). No pharmacotherapy studies met eligibility criteria. Although the outcome measures differed across the studies, all four surgical interventions were reported to be cost‐effective. Thirty of the 35 (85%) lifestyle modification studies were reported to be cost‐effective compared to the study comparator examined.ConclusionsThere is a small amount of evidence that individual‐level paediatric obesity treatment interventions are cost‐effective and, in some cases cost‐saving, with most of this work conducted on behavioural interventions. The economic evaluation of paediatric obesity interventions poses various methodologic challenges, which should be addressed in future research to fully use the potential of economic evaluation as an aid to decision‐making.
Genome characterization of influenza A and B viruses in New South Wales, Australia, in 2019: A retrospective study using high‐throughput whole genome sequencing
Authors: Wang Xinye , Kim Ki Wook , Walker Gregory , Stelzer‐Braid Sacha , Scotch Matthew , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDuring the 2019 severe influenza season, New South Wales (NSW) experienced the highest number of cases in Australia. This study retrospectively investigated the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in NSW in 2019 and identified genetic markers related to antiviral resistance and potential virulence.MethodsThe complete genomes of influenza A and B viruses were amplified using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced with an Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsWhen comparing the sequencing data with the vaccine strains and reference sequences, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that most NSW A/H3N2 viruses (n = 68; 94%) belonged to 3C.2a1b and a minority (n = 4; 6%) belonged to 3C.3a. These viruses all diverged from the vaccine strain A/Switzerland/8060/2017. All A/H1N1pdm09 viruses (n = 20) showed genetic dissimilarity from vaccine strain A/Michigan/45/2015, with subclades 6B.1A.5 and 6B.1A.2 identified. All B/Victoria‐lineage viruses (n = 21) aligned with clade V1A.3, presenting triple amino acid deletions at positions 162–164 in the hemagglutinin protein, significantly diverging from the vaccine strain B/Colorado/06/2017. Multiple amino acid substitutions were also found in the internal proteins of influenza viruses, some of which have been previously reported in hospitalized influenza patients in Thailand. Notably, the oseltamivir‐resistant marker H275Y was present in one immunocompromised patient infected with A/H1N1pdm09 and the resistance‐related mutation I222V was detected in another A/H3N2‐infected patient.ConclusionsConsidering antigenic drift and the constant evolution of circulating A and B strains, we believe continuous monitoring of influenza viruses in NSW via the high‐throughput sequencing approach provides timely and pivotal information for both public health surveillance and clinical treatment.
Significant impact of TiO2 purity on the phase structure and electrical properties of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Chen Xiaoxin , Qin Hailan , Li Hongtian , Du Yuxiao , Wang Shenghao , Li Peifeng , Hu Yongming , Liu Laijun , Zhao Jianwei , Wang Dawei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn many studies, the properties of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) ceramics vary greatly using different raw reagents, which makes it challenging to obtain reliable and repeatable properties of BF–BT‐based devices. In this work, 0.7BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3 (0.7BF–0.3BT) ceramics were fabricated by a conventional solid‐phase synthesis using TiO2 reagents with varied purities of 98%, 99%, 99.9%, and 99.99%, respectively. The phase structure, microstructure, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were comprehensively studied. All compositions of the ceramics exhibit a pseudo‐cubic phase perovskite structure, and the fraction of the rhombohedral phase increases with increasing the TiO2 purity. Additionally, backscattered electron images and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy revealed an obvious core–shell structure within grains. In particular, the 0.7BF–0.3BT ceramics prepared with 98% purity TiO2 exhibited superior ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, d33 ∼ 220 pC/N and ∼ 230 pm/V. The ceramics prepared with higher purity TiO2 suffered from severe leakage conduction, which can be well addressed by adding excess TiO2. Our work reveals the importance of different grades of purity TiO2 on the electrical properties of BF–BT ceramics.
Sensorial Contemporary Arts, Mindfulness and Play for Children's Post‐Pandemic Recovery – Qualitative Evaluation of The Children's Sensorium
Authors: Borovica Tamara , McQuilten Grace , Kokanović Renata , Hjorth Larissa , Clarke Angela , Maling Camilla , Briggs N'arweet Carolyn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract‘The Children's Sensorium – art, play and mindfulness for post‐pandemic recovery’ was an exhibition that brought together sensory‐based art installations featuring First Nations Connection to Country with mindfulness and embodiment strategies to enhance well‐being for children (ages 4–11). As the COVID‐19 pandemic slowly moves from the centre of public attention, we are starting to gauge the impact of the world's longest lockdown in Melbourne, Australia, on children's well‐being and resilience. ‘The Children's Sensorium’ exhibition was created with children and their well‐being in mind. In this article, we focus on insights from the exhibition evaluation and address the ways artistic and sensory‐based mindful engagement can support children's well‐being and resilience. Evaluation of The Sensorium exhibition provides a view into the potential of sensory‐based artworks to create a stimulating environment, positive emotions, mindful awareness of their senses and the environment and a sense of playful agency for children. The Sensorium provoked a fresh way of thinking about art exhibitions for children: one that centred a child‐friendly, strength‐based artistic space where children felt agency to be creative and explore the complexity of their emotions, hopes and fears in the wake of the global pandemic.