bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function‐based flow modeling and animation
Authors: Akleman Ergun , Melek Zeki , Haberl Jeff S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper summarizes a function‐based approach to model and animate 2D and 3D flows. We use periodic functions to create cyclical animations that represent 2D and 3D flows. These periodic functions are constructed with an extremely simple algorithm from a set of oriented lines. The speed and orientation of the flow are described directly by the orientation and the lengths of these oriented lines. The resulting cyclical animations are then obtained by sampling the constructed periodic functions. Our approach is independent of dimension, i.e. for 2D and 3D flow the same types of periodic functions are used. Rendering images for 2D and 3D flows is slightly different. In 2D function values directly are mapped to color values. On the other hand, in 3D function values are first mapped to color and opacity and then the volume is rendered by our volume renderer. Modeled and animated flows are used to improve the visualization of operations of rolling piston and rotary vane compressors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptation techniques for ubiquitous Internet multimedia
Authors: Margaritidis Margaritis , Polyzos George C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe identify the importance of adaptation for the ubiquitous access to Internet multimedia content. The variety of media types combined with the diversity of Internet connection characteristics raises momentous challenges to the achievement of this goal. With adaptation, the characteristics of various media can be adjusted to better match those of the network path and the end device. As a result, adaptive streams enjoy superior robustness and provide substantially better presentation quality than traditional, non‐adaptive ones, especially in variable, capacity‐limited environments.We examine several important factors that influence the design and optimization of the adaptation architecture. First, the location of the adaptation mechanism on the end‐to‐end path must be chosen. Second, the adaptation policy, i.e., the agility in adapting to variations in network path performance, must be specified. Third, the adaptation mechanism needs to be aware of the value of the perceptual quality that the different representations of each medium and the necessary resources to sustain it. Finally, we emphasize the role of supporting mechanisms in enhancing the adaptation process, namely, prioritization, admission control and hand‐off notifications.Based on the aforementioned criteria, we classify existing research approaches and present some of them as case studies. We also describe current commercial solutions and, finally, we discuss future trends in application adaptation in conjunction with recent developments towards wireless access to the Internet. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting multicasting in mobile ad‐hoc wireless networks: issues, challenges, and current protocols
Authors: Papavassiliou Symeon , An Beongku 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe basic philosophy of personal communication services is to provide user‐to‐user, location independent communication services. The emerging group communication wireless applications, such as multipoint data dissemination and multiparty conferencing tools have made the design and development of efficient multicast techniques in mobile ad‐hoc networking environments a necessity and not just a desire. Multicast protocols in mobile ad‐hoc networks have been an area of active research for the past couple of years. This paper summarizes the activities and recent advances in this work‐in‐progress area by identifying the main issues and challenges that multicast protocols are facing in mobile ad‐hoc networking environments, and by surveying several existing multicasting protocols. This article presents a classification of the current multicast protocols, discusses the functionality of the individual existing protocols, and provides a qualitative comparison of their characteristics according to several distinct features and performance parameters. Furthermore, since many of the additional issues and constraints associated with the mobile ad‐hoc networks are due, to a large extent, to the attribute of user mobility, we also present an overview of research and development efforts in the area of group mobility modeling in mobile ad‐hoc networks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the WAP protocol over SMS in GSM networks
Authors: Andreadis Alessandro , Benelli Giuliano , Giambene Giovanni , Marzucchi Bernardo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper, based on the PALIO Project within the fifth Research Framework of the European Commission, deals with an information tourist service accessible through mobile phones by means of theWireless Application Protocol(WAP). We have considered aGlobal System for Mobile communications(GSM) network where the WAP traffic is transported by theShort Message Service(SMS) on a logical channel that also conveys signaling messages. Suitable models have been considered for both WAP browsing traffic and signaling traffic. We have proposed a theoretical approach to evaluate the mean delay to browse a WAP page taking into account the impact of the signaling load. Analytical predictions have been validated through comparisons with simulation results. Moreover, we have also considered a specificQuality of Service(QoS) requirement in terms of the maximum deck transmission delay that is guaranteed in 95 per cent of cases. Consequently, it has been possible to evaluate the number of WAP users that can be supported per cell. The study carried out in this paper permits to prove the feasibility for the envisaged mobile service based on WAP and it also allows dimensioning WAP pages so that each user experiences reasonable browsing delays. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient wireless networking for multimedia applications
Authors: Havinga Paul J. M. , Smit Gerard J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we identify the most prominent problems of wireless multimedia networking and present several state‐of‐the‐art solutions with a focus on energy efficiency. Three key problems in networked wireless multimedia systems are: (1) the need to maintain a minimum quality of service over time‐varying channels; (2) to operate with limited energy resources; and (3) to operate in a heterogeneous environment. We identify two main principles to solve these problems. The first principle is that energy efficiency should involve all layers of the system. Second, Quality of Service is an essential mechanism for mobile multimedia systems not only to give users an adequate level of service, but also as a tool to achieve an energy‐efficient system. Owing to the dynamic wireless environment, adaptability of the system will be a key issue in achieving this. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐invasive treatments of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone for inducing spermiation in American (Bufo americanus) and Gulf Coast (Bufo valliceps) toads
Authors: Rowson Angela D. , Obringer Amy R. , Roth Terri L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs many as 20% of all assessed amphibian species are threatened with extinction, and captive breeding programs are becoming important components of conservation strategies for this taxon. For some species, exogenous hormone administration has been integrated into breeding protocols to improve propagation. However, most treatments are administered by an intraperitoneal injection that can be associated with some risks. The general goal of this study was to identify a non‐invasive method of applying luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH), which reliably induces sperm release in toads. Specific objectives were to 1) test the spermiation response after topical application of different LHRH doses to the abdominal seat region, 2) evaluate the effects of adding the absorption enhancers dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, and glyceryl monocaprylate (GMC) to the LHRH, 3) assess the spermiation response after oral delivery of LHRH in a mealworm vehicle, and 4) compare sperm characteristics and spermiation responses to treatments in two different toad species. Male American (n= 9) and Gulf Coast (n= 7) toads were rotated systematically through a series of treatments. Urine was collected and evaluated for the presence of sperm at 0, 3, 7, 12, and 24 hours post‐treatment. There were no statistical differences in spermiation induction or sperm characteristics between American and Gulf Coast toads after the treatments. Oral administration of 100 μg LHRH was occasionally successful in inducing spermiation, but results appeared largely unreliable. Ventral dermal application of 100 or 10 μg LHRH in 40% DMSO were more effective (P< 0.05) at inducing spermiation compared with the other treatments tested, eliciting sperm release in more than 70% of toads tested. In breeding programs for rare and/or fragile anurans, these non‐invasive methods of exogenous hormone administration might be preferred over intraperitoneal injections. Zoo Biol 20:63–74, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Winskel is (almost) Right: Towards a Mechanized Semantics Textbook
Authors: Nipkow Tobias 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.
We present a formalization of the first 100 pages of Winskel's textbook The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL: 2 operational, 2 denotational, 2 axiomatic semantics, a verification condition generator, and the necessary soundness, completeness and equivalence proofs, all for a simple imperative programming language.
Formal Verification of a Railway Interlocking System using Model Checking
Authors: Cimatti A. , Giunchiglia F. , Mongardi G. , Romano D. , Torielli F. , Traverso P. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.
In this paper we describe an industrial application of formal methods. We have used model checking techniques to model and formally verify a rather complex software, i.e. part of the “safety logic” of a railway interlocking system. The formal model is structured to retain the reusability and scalability properties of the system being modelled. Part of it is defined once for all at a low cost, and re-used. The rest of the model can be mechanically generated from the designers' current specification language. The model checker is “hidden” to the user, it runs as a powerful debugger. Its performances are impressive: exhaustive analysis of quite complex configurations with respect to rather complex properties are run in the order of minutes. The main reason for this achievement is essentially a carefully designed model, which exploits all the behaviour evolution constraints. The re-usability/scalability of the model and the fact that formal verification is automatic and efficient are the key factors which open up the possibility of a real usage by designers at design time. We have thus assessed the possibility of introducing the novel technique in the development cycle with an advantageous costs/benefits relation.
Experimental Evaluation of a New Layered Prosthesis Exhibiting a Low Tensile Modulus of Elasticity: Long‐term Integration Response within the Rat Abdominal Wall
Authors: Ferrando José M. , Vidal José , Armengol Manuel , Gil Javier , Manero José M. , Huguet Pedro , Segarra Alfonso , Quiles María T. , Schwartz Simón , Arbós i Via María A. 
Published: August 2002

The use of a new type of prosthesis, Bard Composix (BC), constructed of two layers of polypropylene mesh (PP) and one layer of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), could provide a good solution for hernia repair when both minimal adhesions and maximum collagenous infiltration are necessary. We experimentally evaluated long‐term stability of this composite. In 15 Sprague‐Dawley rats, a full thickness defect was created in the anterior abdominal wall and repaired with BC. Studies were performed over implantation intervals of
2, 4, and 6 months in strips obtained from the prosthesis‐host tissue interfaces. Light microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), immunohistochemistry, and tensiometry were used.
Overall findings provide evidence that PP and ePTFE association renders the alloy well suited for hernia repair, promoting a robust and durable alloplast‐soft tissue union. At all points studied, the patch was well tolerated and meshes did not shrink, come loose, or migrate.
Neovascularization continued 6 months after implantation. Ex vivo mechanical characterization demonstrated that the primary advantage of the new device stems from a low modulus of elasticity, a property that can be exploited to enhance mechanical load transfer from prosthetic materials to the relatively frail surrounding tissues. After implantation, adequate tensile strength and a low modulus of elasticity were detected in the restored zone, conferring great adaptability to the abdominal wall. In conclusion, the BC layered prosthesis proved suitable for implantation in abdominal wall defects, exhibiting favorable biocompatibility and integration with minimal side effects.
Complications of Thyroid Surgery: How to Avoid Them, How to Manage Them, and Observations on Their Possible Effect on the Whole Patient
Authors: Reeve Tom , Thompson Norman W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSurgery of the thyroid takes place in an area of complicated anatomy and in which a number of vital physiologic functions and special senses are controlled. Thyroidectomy rarely is associated with mortality; but unless the surgeon performing it is well trained in operative surgery and is knowledgeable of the gland and its function, pathology, and anatomy, excellent results cannot be achieved. Failure to observe cardinal surgical principles may result in legal difficulties, which can be avoided. It is well to observe the principles and avoid problems. We address this issue herein.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Nitric Oxide Inhibition on Mesenteric Blood Flow and Interleukin‐10 Levels with a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge
Authors: Baykal Ataç , Kavuklu Burak , Iskit Alper B. , Guc M. Oguz , Hascelik Gulsen , Sayek Iskender 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe septic shock‐induced decrease in mesenteric blood flow and release of proinflammatory cytokines are among the major pathophysiologic changes presumed to lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Increased nitric oxide (NO) levels are associated with both decreased mesenteric blood flow and positive modulation of proinflammatory cytokine release. In this study we aimed to determine the effect of the timing of the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on mesenteric blood flow and serum interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) concentrations during endotoxin shock. A nonspecific NOS inhibitor NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), a specific NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG), or placebo were injected 20 minutes before or 20 minutes after a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or placebo challenge to Swiss‐albino mice, as pretreatment or posttreatment, respectively. At 120 minutes after LPS or placebo injection the mesenteric blood flow was measured, and blood samples from the heart were obtained for IL‐10 levels in both groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment with both NOS inhibitors prevented the LPS‐induced decrease in mesenteric blood flow. Pretreatment was more effective for this purpose. Pretreatment accentuated the LPS‐induced increase in serum IL‐10 concentrations, whereas posttreatment had no significant effect. We conclude that the timing of NOS inhibition is important for attenuating some deleterious effects of endotoxin.
Factors Predicting Nutritional Derangements in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice: Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Padillo Francisco J. , Andicoberry Beatriz , Muntane Jordi , Lozano Jose M. , Miño Gonzalo , Sitges‐Serra Antonio , Pera‐Madrazo Carlos 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) that requires surgery often have malnutrition associated with increased perioperative morbidity. This study investigated the factors influencing nutritional derangements in these patients. A series of 46 OJ patients were investigated prospectively (28 malignant tumors, 18 benign obstructions). A nutritional risk index of < 83.5 was used to define protein‐calorie malnutrition. Liver function, cholecystokinin (CCK), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), and endotoxin levels were determined. A multivariate analysis was performed, and an obstructive jaundice malnutrition index (OJMI) was obtained. Altogether, 22 (48%) OJ patients had malnutrition (33% with benign obstructions, 57% with malignant disease). Malnourished patients had higher serum bilirubin levels (258 ± 120 vs. 154 ± 62 mmol/L; p= 0.005), longer duration of jaundice (16 ± 9 vs. 9 ± 5 days; p= 0.03), and higher plasma levels of CCK (4.0 ± 1.3 vs. 1.7 ± 1.0 pmol/L; p= 0.005), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (226 ± 209 vs. 187 ± 161 UI/L; p= 0.01), endotoxin (15 ± 10 vs. 6.5 ± 7.0 EU/L; p= 0.007), and TNFα (69 ± 82 vs. 23 ± 15 pg/ml; p= 0.008) than those without malnutrition. However, only serum bilirubin, CCK, ALT, and patient age were predictors for malnutrition by multivariate analysis. Malnutrition might be expected (95% confidence interval) in patients older than 68 years with increased bilirubin (> 290 mmol/L) and ALT (> 210 UI/L) levels that corresponded with an OJMI > 55. It was concluded that nutritional alterations in patients with obstructive jaundice were determined by the intensity of the biliary obstruction correlated with increased plasma CCK levels as well as with liver dysfunction and patient age.
Adrenalectomy for Treatment of Cushing Syndrome: Results in 122 Patients and Long‐Term Follow‐up Studies
Authors: Imai Tsuneo , Funahashi Hiroomi , Tanaka Yuji , Tobinaga Junichi , Wada Masaki , Morita‐Matsuyama Takako , Ohiso Yutaka , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients with Cushing syndrome (n= 122) who underwent adrenalectomy from 1957 through 1993 were reviewed for survival and complications. Of the 122 patients, 70 had adrenocortical adenoma, 30 Cushing's disease, 6 primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), 7 other types of primary nodular hyperplasia, 5 adrenocortical carcinoma, and 4 ectopic ACTH syndrome. Sixty‐five patients with adrenocortical adenoma are alive, and the survival rate was equal to the age‐matched control population, when patients who died of the postoperative complication were excluded. Of the patients with Cushing's disease, 20 are alive; and 10 of 16 patients (63%) who were followed‐up and evaluated had skin pigmentation. Four of sixteen patients (25%) developed Nelson's syndrome. Four PPNAD patients and five with other types of nodular hyperplasia are alive. Most of these patients underwent bilateral total adrenalectomy, but some patients remitted after unilateral adrenalectomy. All of five adrenocortical carcinoma patients and four with ectopic ACTH syndrome died within 2 years after operation. The prognosis for patients with adrenocortical adenoma after unilateral adrenalectomy is excellent, though it is important to avoid operative complications. The rapid cure of signs and symptoms of glucocorticoid excess after total adrenalectomy is ensured, and prognosis is satisfactory under careful glucocorticoid replacement, making total adrenalectomy an alternative treatment for Cushing's disease.
Video‐assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Spontaneous Hemopneumothorax
Authors: Hsu Nan Yung , Hsieh Ming Jang , Liu Hui Ping , Kao Chiung Lun , Chang Jen Ping , Lin Pyng Jing , Chang Chau Hsiung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe operated on 403 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax between 1992 and 1996. Among these cases, 11 (2.7%) were spontaneous hemopneumothorax. The patients were all men, with ages ranging from 19 to 28 years (mean 23.8 years). The amount of blood drainage ranged from 650 to 2300 ml. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed on these patients within 1 day after admission. The sources of bleeding were in the parietal and visceral pleurae of ruptured bullae (n= 6), the parietal pleura (n= 4), or the visceral pleura (n= 1). During operation, the ruptured bullae can be managed by an endoscopic linear stapler for a bullectomy, and the bleeding parietal pleura of the torn adhesion can be coagulated directly. Postoperative recovery of the 11 patients was uneventful, and they were discharged 4 to 10 days after the operation. No recurrence of spontaneous hemopneumothorax or any other complications occurred during follow‐up. Thus spontaneous hemopneumothorax can be readily managed by cauterizing a bleeding site where appropriate, excising the apicocystic disease, and pleurodesis. As a minimally invasive method, video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be considered an initial treatment procedure in patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax.
Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: 25‐Year Experience
Authors: Ohlsson Björn , Stenram Unne , Tranberg K.‐G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this retrospective study was to analyze survival and prognostic factors in 111 consecutive patients undergoing curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. In addition, the time periods 1971–1984 and 1985–1995 were compared; criteria for first liver resection did not change with time, whereas the attitude toward re‐resection was more aggressive during the latter period. Operative mortality was 6% during 1971–1984 and 0% during 1985–1995 (3.6% for all patients). The crude 5‐year actuarial survivals were 19% and 35% for patients operated during 1971–1984 and 1985–1995, respectively (25% for the whole period). Relapse at any site was observed in 52 patients (81%) operated during the first period and in 29 patients (67%) operated during the second period; re‐resection was performed in 12 (23%) and 15 (52%) of these patients, respectively. Five‐year survival after hepatic re‐resection was 29% (no operative mortality). In the univariate analysis, significant determinants for long‐term survival were, in descending order, a clear resection margin, high degree of fibrosis around the tumor, absence of extrahepatic metastases (including metastases to the liver hilum), use of an ultrasound dissector, low preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, year of resection (1985–1995), and low/moderate grade of liver tumor. There were no 5‐year survivors when extrahepatic metastases were present, the liver tumor(s) had a low differentiation or satellites, or the resection margin was involved with tumor. In the multivariate analysis, the determinants were grade of liver tumor, absence of extrahepatic tumor, few intraoperative blood transfusions, low preoperative serum CEA level, and year of resection (1985–1995). It is concluded that: (1) an increased rate of hepatic re‐resection was partly responsible for the improved outcome after liver resection for colorectal metastases during recent years; (2) patients with extrahepatic metastases did not benefit from liver resection; and (3) surgery should be performed with a clear resection margin and minimal blood loss.