bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL PHYCOBILISOMES FROM TOLYPOTHRIX TENUIS (CYANOPHYTA) GROWN HETEROTROPHICALLY IN THE DARK1
Authors: Ohki Kaori , Gantt Elisabeth 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTPhycobiliproteins produced in dark‐grown cells of Tolypothrix tenuis Kützing formed Phycobilisomes functionally capable of energy transfer. The phycobilisomes could be recovered in high yield (80% of extracted phycobiliproteins). Phycobilisomes from cells grown without light and in red light had the same size, morphology, and spectral characteristics. They had a phycocyanin to allophycocyanin malar ratio of 3:1. Phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in phycobilisomes were energetically coupled as indicated by their fluorescence emission (maximum of ca. 690 nm at –196° C) and excitation spectra. Phycobilisomes were attached to the outer surface of thylakoids and were hemidiscoidal in shape. In thin sections they had a diameter of 42 ± 3nm, a height of 24 ± 4 nm and a thickness of 10 ± 2 nm. Isolated and negatively stained Phycobilisomes were larger with a diameter of 51 ± 2 nm and height of 33 ± 2 nm, Isolated phycobilisomes in face view had a central core of three units and six peripheral rods. Each rod appeared to be composed of three hexamers (three double discs), consistent with the observed dimensions and substructure. After Phycoerythria synthesis was induced by a 15 min green light exposure, phycobilisomes of dark‐grown cells exhibited energy transfer from phycoerythrin to a long wavelength allophycocyanin, indicating that phycoerythrin synthesized in darkness was incorporated into functional phycobilisomes.
Descriptive biogeography of Tomicus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) species in Spain
Authors: Gallego D. , Cánovas F. , Esteve M. A. , Galián J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim, location  Tomicus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) species are some of the principal pests of Eurasian forest and are represented by three coexisting species in Spain, Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758), Tomicus destruens (Wollaston, 1865) and Tomicus minor (Harting, 1834). The distribution of two taxa are unknown as they have until recently been considered separate species. Therefore, we model the potential distribution centres and establish the potential distribution limits of Tomicus species in Iberia. We also assess the effectiveness of different models by comparing predicted results with observed data. These results will have application in forest pest management.Methods  Molecular and morphological techniques were used to identify species from 254 specimens of 81 plots. For each plot, a Geographical Information System was used to extract a set of 14 environmental (one topographic, six climatic) and biotic variables (seven host tree distributions). General Additive Models and Ecological Niche Factor Analysis models are applied for modelling and predicting the potential distribution of the three especies of Tomicus.Results  The results of both modelling methodologies are in agreement. Tomicus destruens is the predominant species in Spain, living in low and hot areas. Tomicus piniperda occurs in lower frequency and prefers wet and cold areas of north‐central Spain. We detected sympatric populations of T. destruens and T. piniperda in Northern coast of Spain, infesting mainly P. pinaster. Tomicus minor is the rarest species, and it occupies a fragmented distribution located in high and wet areas. The remarkable biotic variable is the distribution of P. sylvestris, incorporated into the models of T. destruens and T. piniperda.Main conclusions  These results indicate that in wet areas of north‐central Spain where T. piniperda occurs (and possibly the high altitudes of the southern mountains), T. destruens has a climatic distribution limit. In the northern border of this area, both species overlap their distributions and some co‐occurrences were detected. Tomicus minor potentially occurs in high and wet fragmented areas.
The nature of spatial transitions in the Arctic
Authors: Epstein H. E. , Beringer J. , Gould W. A. , Lloyd A. H. , Thompson C. D. , Chapin F. S. , Michaelson G. J. , Ping C. L. , Rupp T. S. , Walker D. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim  Describe the spatial and temporal properties of transitions in the Arctic and develop a conceptual understanding of the nature of these spatial transitions in the face of directional environmental change.Location  Arctic tundra ecosystems of the North Slope of Alaska and the tundra‐forest region of the Seward Peninsula, AlaskaMethods  We synthesize information from numerous studies on tundra and treeline ecosystems in an effort to document the spatial changes that occur across four arctic transitions. These transitions are: (i) the transition between High‐Arctic and Low‐Arctic systems, (ii) the transition between moist non‐acidic tundra (MNT) and moist acidic tundra (MAT, also referred to as tussock tundra), (iii) the transition between tussock tundra and shrub tundra, (iv) the transition between tundra and forested systems. By documenting the nature of these spatial transitions, in terms of their environmental controls and vegetation patterns, we develop a conceptual model of temporal dynamics of arctic ecotones in response to environmental change.Results  Our observations suggest that each transition is sensitive to a unique combination of controlling factors. The transition between High and Low Arctic is sensitive primarily to climate, whereas the MNT/MAT transition is also controlled by soil parent material, permafrost and hydrology. The tussock/shrub tundra transition appears to be responsive to several factors, including climate, topography and hydrology. Finally, the tundra/forest boundary responds primarily to climate and to climatically associated changes in permafrost. There were also important differences in the demography and distribution of the dominant plant species across the four vegetation transitions. The shrubs that characterize the tussock/shrub transition can achieve dominance potentially within a decade, whereas spruce trees often require several decades to centuries to achieve dominance within tundra, and Sphagnum moss colonization of non‐acidic sites at the MNT/MAT boundary may require centuries to millennia of soil development.Main conclusions  We suggest that vegetation will respond most rapidly to climatic change when (i) the vegetation transition correlates more strongly with climate than with other environmental variables, (ii) dominant species exhibit gradual changes in abundance across spatial transitions, and/or (iii) the dominant species have demographic properties that allow rapid increases in abundance following climatic shifts. All three of these properties characterize the transition between tussock tundra and low shrub tundra. It is therefore not surprising that of the four transitions studied this is the one that appears to be responding most rapidly to climatic warming.
The Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale: direct assessment of people with cognitive impairment
Authors: Merchant Christopher , Hope Kevin W. 
Published: November 2004

Background.  A need exists, consistent with a person‐centred approach to dementia care, to facilitate collaborative approaches to the assessment of quality of life.Aims and objectives.  To examine the concept of quality of life, to make the case for its centrality in dementia care provision and to consider the validity and reliability of one tool (Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale, QOL‐AD).Conclusions.  The use of the QOL‐AD aligns with person‐centred principles incorporating the subjective viewpoint of the person with dementia, thereby promoting a collaborative and inclusive approach to the measurement of the concept of quality of life.Relevance to clinical practice.  Utilization of QOL‐AD in clinical practice facilitates a user‐centred and collaborative approach to the assessment of quality of life. This approach is in keeping with contemporaneous forces in health and social care delivery for people with dementia.
Morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of muddy ebb‐tidal deltas along a subsiding coast: Barataria Bay, Mississippi River delta
Authors: Fitzgerald Duncan M. , Kulp Mark , Penland Shea , Flocks James , Kindinger Jack 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Barataria barrier coast formed between two major distributaries of the Mississippi River delta: the Plaquemines deltaic headland to the east and the Lafourche deltaic headland to the west. Rapid relative sea‐level rise (1·03 cm year−1) and other erosional processes within Barataria Bay have led to substantial increases in the area of open water (> 775 km2 since 1956) and the attendant bay tidal prism. Historically, the increase in tidal discharge at inlets has produced larger channel cross‐sections and prograding ebb‐tidal deltas. For example, the ebb delta at Barataria Pass has built seaward > 2·2 km since the 1880s. Shoreline erosion and an increasing bay tidal prism also facilitated the formation of new inlets. Four major lithofacies characterize the Barataria coast ebb‐tidal deltas and associated sedimentary environments. These include a proximal delta facies composed of massive to laminated, fine grey‐brown to pale yellow sand and a distal delta facies consisting of thinly laminated, grey to pale yellow sand and silty sand with mud layers. The higher energy proximal delta deposits contain a greater percentage of sand (75–100%) compared with the distal delta sediments (60–80%). Associated sedimentary units include a nearshore facies consisting of horizontally laminated, fine to very fine grey sand with mud layers and an offshore facies that is composed of grey to dark grey, laminated sandy silt to silty clay. All facies coarsen upwards except the offshore facies, which fines upwards. An evolutionary model is presented for the stratigraphic development of the ebb‐tidal deltas in a regime of increasing tidal energy resulting from coastal land loss and tidal prism growth. Ebb‐tidal delta facies prograde over nearshore sediments, which interfinger with offshore facies. The seaward decrease in tidal current velocity of the ebb discharge produces a gradational contact between proximal and distal tidal delta facies. As the tidal discharge increases and the inlet grows in dimensions, the proximal and distal tidal delta facies prograde seawards. Owing to the relatively low gradient of the inner continental shelf, the ebb‐tidal delta lithosome is presently no more than 5 m thick and is generally only 2–3 m in thickness. The ebb delta sediment is sourced from deepening of the inlet and the associated channels and from the longshore sediment transport system. The final stage in the model envisages erosion and segmentation of the barrier chain, leading to a decrease in tidal discharge through the former major inlets. This process ultimately results in fine‐grained sedimentation seaward of the inlets and the encasement of the ebb‐tidal delta lithosome in mud. The ebb‐tidal deltas along the Barataria coast are distinguished from most other ebb deltas along sand‐rich coasts by their muddy content and lack of large‐scale stratification produced by channel cut‐and‐fills and bar migration.
Sedimentary environment of the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, north‐east Atlantic, and the use of bedforms as indicators of bottom current velocity in the deep ocean
Authors: Masson D. G. , Wynn R. B. , Bett B. J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn the northeast Atlantic, much of the deep cold water flow between the Norwegian Sea and the main North Atlantic basin passes through the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels, generating strong persistent bottom currents capable of eroding and transporting sediment up to and including gravel. A large variety of sedimentary bedforms, including scours, furrows, comet marks, barchan dunes, sand sheets and sediment drifts, is documented using sidescan sonar images, seismic profiles, seabed photographs and sediment cores from the floor of the channel. Published information on current velocities associated with the various bedforms has been used to reconstruct the pattern of bottom currents acting on the channel floor. The results broadly reflect the current pattern predicted on the basis of regional oceanographic observations, but add considerable detail. The internal consistency of the results suggests that the methods used are robust, giving confidence in the fine detail of the observed bottom current structure. Bottom current velocities in the range < 0·3 to > 1·0 m s−1 are indicated by the range of observed bedforms, with the strongest currents associated with south‐west transport of Norwegian Sea Deep Water (NSDW) at water depths of 800–1200 m. The main NSDW flow forms a relatively narrow core that follows the base of the Faroes slope. This core follows the 90° change in trend of the Faroes slope at the junction between the Faroe‐Shetland and Faroe Bank Channels. The strongest currents within the NSDW core are found over the shallowest sill in the Faroe‐Shetland Channel and in the narrowest part of the channel immediately downstream of the sill, and are generated by topographic constriction of the flow. Eastward flow of deep water along the northern flank of the Wyville‐Thomson ridge suggests a complex current pattern with some recirculation of deep water within the deep Faroe Bank Channel basin. The observations suggest that Coriolis force is the main agent controlling the westward deflection of the NSDW into the Faroe Bank Channel, contradicting a previous suggestion that this was controlled by the topography of the Wyville Thomson Ridge.
Implications for Neoarchaean ocean chemistry from primary carbonate mineralogy of the Campbellrand‐Malmani Platform, South Africa
Authors: Sumner Dawn Y. , Grotzinger John P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe precipitation of calcite and aragonite as encrustations directly on the seafloor was an important platform‐building process during deposition of the 2560–2520 Ma Campbellrand‐Malmani carbonate platform, South Africa. Aragonite fans and fibrous coatings are common in unrestricted, shallow subtidal to intertidal facies. They are also present in restricted facies, but are absent from deep subtidal facies. Decimetre‐thick fibrous calcite encrustations are present to abundant in all depositional environments except the deepest slope and basinal facies. The proportion of the rock composed of carbonate that precipitated as encrustations or in primary voids ranges from 0% to > 65% depending on the facies. Subtidal facies commonly contain 20–35%in situ precipitated carbonate, demonstrating that Neoarchaean sea water was supersaturated with respect to aragonite, carbonate crystal growth rates were rapid compared with sediment influx rates, and the dynamics of carbonate precipitation were different from those in younger carbonate platforms. The abundance of aragonite pseudomorphs suggests that sea‐water pH was neutral to alkaline, whereas the paucity of micrite suggests the presence of inhibitors to calcite and aragonite nucleation in the mixed zone of the oceans.
Synrift stratigraphic geometry in a transfer zone coarse‐grained delta complex, Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea
Authors: Sohn Young Kwan , Son Moon 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe Gojusan fan delta is a coarse‐grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial‐fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow‐marine mouth‐bar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth‐bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilbert‐type foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp‐derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth‐bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert‐type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert‐type and shoal‐water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional transfer zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull‐apart basin margin.
Fusarium oxysporumFoxy 2 shows potential to control bothStriga hermonthicaandS. asiatica
Authors: Elzein A , Kroschel J 
Published: November 2004

SummaryUnder glasshouse conditions, the ability ofFusarium oxysporumisolate Foxy 2, a fungal pathogen isolated fromStriga hermonthica, to controlS. asiaticaandS. gesnerioides, was investigated on potted plants. In the experiment, the target weed of the fungus,S. hermonthica, was included as a standard. In the present study,S. asiaticawas the only species that, besidesS. hermonthicashowed high susceptibility to Foxy 2. This susceptibility was demonstrated by almost complete prevention of emergence of the parasite. In contrast,S. gesnerioidesdid not show any susceptibility at all. The susceptibility of twoStrigaspecies to the fungus provides an opportunity for simultaneous control of both parasites in those regions where they are co‐existing (e.g. Tanzania and Kenya).
Glyphosate resistance in four different populations of Lolium rigidum is associated with reduced translocation of glyphosate to meristematic zones
Authors: Wakelin A M , Lorraine‐Colwill D F , Preston C 
Published: November 2004

SummaryWeed populations with resistance to glyphosate have evolved over the last 7 years, since the discovery of the first glyphosate‐resistant populations of Lolium rigidum in Australia. Four populations of L. rigidum from cropping, horticultural and viticultural areas in New South Wales and South Australia were tested for resistance to glyphosate by dose–response experiments. All populations required considerably more glyphosate to achieve 50% control compared with a known susceptible population, indicating they were resistant to glyphosate. Translocation of glyphosate within these resistant populations was examined by following the movement of radiolabelled glyphosate applied to a mature leaf. All resistant plants translocated significantly more herbicide to the tip of the treated leaf than did susceptible plants. Susceptible plants translocated twice as much herbicide to the stem meristematic portion of the plant compared with resistant plants. These different translocation patterns suggest an association between glyphosate resistance in L. rigidum and the ability of glyphosate to accumulate in the shoot meristem.
Washing of cord blood grafts after thawing: high cell recovery using an automated and closed system*
Authors: Rodríguez L. , Azqueta C. , Azzalin S. , García J. , Querol S. 
Published: November 2004

Background and Objectives  Cord blood (CB) progenitor cells are an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow reconstitution. The critical importance of cell dose in the clinical outcome has motivated the need to develop techniques aimed at reducing cell losses and increasing reproducibility. This aim of this study was to evaluate an automated CB washing protocol of thawed cord blood units using the Sepax device.Materials and Methods  After an initial 1 : 1 dilution using a dextran/albumin‐containing buffer, the cells were washed in order to obtain a final product ready for transplantation. The automatic method was compared with the conventional manual washing procedure. Blood samples were taken after thawing and after washing. The processing time, viability and mean recovery of nucleated cells (TNC) and progenitors were determined.Results  The automatic procedure resulted in a median recovery of 93% CD34+ cells and 89% TNC; no significant differences were observed between methods. In addition, median viability, as assessed by annexin V and 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD), was 98% and 94%, respectively, within CD34+ cells.Conclusions  The automatic washing method described is as effective as the manual method in terms of viability and progenitor cells recovery, but faster and easier for the operators to perform. Overall, our data suggest that the automatic method is safe and suitable for the routine washing of thawed CB grafts in the clinic.
Inactivation of Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria in red cell concentrates using INACTINE PEN110 chemistry
Authors: Zavizion B. , Serebryanik D. , Chapman J. , Alford B. , Purmal A. 
Published: November 2004

Background and Objectives  The risk of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections as a result of the presence of bacteria in blood is one of the major concerns in transfusion medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bacteria inoculated into red blood cell concentrates can be inactivated by the INACTINE PEN110 pathogen‐reduction process. Four bacterial species were chosen for the study: anaerobic Gram‐positive Clostridium perfringens and Propionibacterium acnes, known to be transfusion‐transmitted; and two Gram‐negative species, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter lwoffii, recently reported to be a common cause of transfusion‐associated infections in Europe.Materials and Methods  Identical units of leucoreduced red cell concentrates were inoculated with A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, C. perfringens, or P. acnes. The 4 °C control units were put on storage immediately after receiving the spike. The test units were subjected to PEN110 treatment and then stored. The bacterial titre in all units was monitored during a 6‐week storage period.Results  The PEN110 inactivation of all tested bacterial strains was time‐ and titre‐dependent. For A. johnsonii and A. lwoffii, no viable bacteria were detected in the units spiked with up to 104 colony‐forming units (CFU)/ml and treated with PEN110. For red cell units spiked with 104−105 CFU/ml of C. perfringens and P. acnes, no viable bacteria were detected in the units treated with PEN110. In control units, there was a gradual decrease in A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii and C. perfringens titres during cold storage, while P. acnes titres remained stable.Conclusions  The PEN110 pathogen‐reduction process was demonstrated to inactivate high titres of A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and P. acnes in red cell concentrates.