bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poland
Authors: Hyde George , Powaga With Wieslaw 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fate of writing in Poland has traditionally been to articulate and shape the national consciousness through long periods of oppression and suppression, from the first partition in 1772 to the short-lived Polish Republic after 1918, the horrors of the German invasion in 1939 and the Second World War, and the Communist take-over that followed. Communism, hopelessly inefficient and in the end bereft of all effective authority, stopped the cultural clock and made it possible to resurrect the myths and archetypes of the Romantic and modernist eras, which were deeply intertwined with the sense of national identity, especially in its revolutionary guise. The Communists handled this heritage with care, and tried to turn it to their own political and quasi-political ends.
Portugal
Authors: Guterres Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From 1925 to 1974 Portugal was a Fascist dictatorship, ruled first by Antonio de Oliveira Salazar and then, after Salazar had a stroke in 1968, by Marcelo Caetano, who essentially maintained the status quo. Salazar’s was a repressive and brutal regime, which crushed all opposition in violent fashion. Writers could be penalized or imprisoned if their work was considered to be of a subversive nature.
Russia
Authors: Porter Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary Russian writing—writing in Russian, that is: I cannot be concerned here with writing done in the former Soviet Union in its various other languages—presents special problems of definition. Is one to deal with works being written and—promptly—published now? Or to include those finally being published in Russia, although they were written many years before when, for ideological reasons, they had no hope of publication? And what part does literature written and/or published hitherto only in emigration play in what is today a literary world governed primarily by the market-place? The situation that seems to have emerged in the post-Communist era is one in which serious works exist in an uneasy and, as some Russian intellectuals see it, destructive symbiosis with popular fiction, outright trash, and pornography.
Scandinavia
Authors: Garton Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many years after 1945, Scandinavian writers were preoccupied with the subject of the Second World War and its repercussions: with the Finnish winter war against Russia, the German occupation of Norway and Denmark, and the compromised neutrality of Sweden. The late 1940s and 1950s were dominated by war literature, and some major contributions even came in the 1960s, such as the Danish Communist Hans Scherfig’s (1905-79) attack on his country’s betrayal of its Communists in Frydenholm (1962), or the investigation of Sweden’s treatment of Baltic refugees in The Legionnaires (1968), by Per Olov Enquist (b. 1934). Yet, broadly speaking, by the early 1960s writers were more concerned with formal experimentation. As the decade advanced, however, other political concerns came to the fore.
Scotland
Authors: Boddy Kasia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the work of novelists such as Alasdair Gray (b. 1934), James Kelman (b. 1946), and A. L. Kennedy (b. 1965) finds ever-increasing acclaim, many are heralding another renaissance in Scottish writing; the first being that associated with such writers as Hugh MacDiarmid, Edwin Muir, and Lewis Grassie Gibbon in the 1920s and 1930s. While those writers largely drew on a threatened rural way of Hfe which they felt contained the essence of Scottish identity, the writers whose work is acclaimed today tend to explore an urban Scotland.
Spain
Authors: Six Abigail Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1960 Spain was just beginning to emerge from the most isolated, oppressive, and economically lean years of General Franco’s dictatorship. As the decade wore on, Spanish society gradually grew more open: tourism started to transform the country, bringing not only much-needed money but also the shock of a new contact with foreigners. The availability of books by Spanish writers in exile and non-Spanish writers considered subversive by the regime improved, too. In 1966 an important new law was passed: except in the theatre, there was no longer any need to submit work to the censors before publication. Censorship would only be post facto. This apparent improvement, however, masked a more insidious form of censorship that, according to one writer of the period, Juan Goytisolo, was already troubling him at the beginning of the decade: more than ever, writers were now going to have to be their own censors.
Screening for depression in the Serbian general population sample: an alternative to the traditional patient health questionnaire-9 cut-off score
Authors: Mihić Ljiljana , Knežević Goran , Lazarević Ljiljana B , Marić Nadja P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score ≥ 10 balances best sensitivity and specificity when detecting probable depression in patients. In the general population, different cut-offs are suggested. European studies on general populations validating the PHQ-9 against a diagnostic interview to detect depression are rare.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional observational epidemiological survey using multistage household probabilistic sampling to recruit a representative adult sample (N = 1203; age = 43.7 ± 13.6; 48.7% male). Mental disorders including current major depressive episode (MDE) were observer-rated (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). The PHQ-9, quality of life (QoL), and loneliness were self-assessed. We performed validity and reliability tests of the PHQ-9 and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.

Results
The Serbian PHQ-9 was internally consistent and correlated in the expected directions with QoL and loneliness. At the cut-off score ≥ 8, sensitivity was .85 and specificity was .91. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve was .95, indicating that the Serbian PHQ-9 can discriminate very well between persons with/without MDE.

Conclusions
When the PHQ-9 is assessed against the structured diagnostic interview in the general population to detect depression, the cut-off of ≥8 balances best sensitivity and specificity.
Disparities in adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by disability status in metropolitan Texas
Authors: Chakraborty J , Grineski S E , Collins T W , Aun J J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
This article addresses the urgent need for more evidence-based research using primary data to document how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the health and social wellbeing of disabled individuals. Our study sought to determine if adults with disabilities, and with specific types of disability, were more likely to suffer adverse health and social impacts related to COVID-19 than nondisabled adults in metropolitan Texas, during the first 18 months of the pandemic.

Methods
We collected primary data from randomly selected residents in eight Texas metropolitan areas through a bilingual telephone survey in July 2021. Statistical analysis comprised multivariable generalized estimating equations that control for relevant sociodemographic and COVID-related risk factors, and spatial clustering.

Results
Disabled survey respondents had been more adversely affected by COVID-19 than nondisabled respondents, in terms of mental and physical health, health care access, living conditions and social life. Significant disparities were also found for almost all COVID-19 impacts when the disabled category was disaggregated by disability type. Respondents experiencing cognitive and independent living difficulties were negatively impacted in all five areas of life examined.

Conclusions
Findings emphasize the need to consider a wide range of impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that negatively affect the health and social wellbeing of disabled persons, as well as develop disability-inclusive policies that provide adequate protections.
Biological/targeted synthetic DMARDs do not arrest bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Sonomoto Koshiro , Nakayamada Shingo , Fujino Yoshihisa , Miyata Hiroko , Kubo Satoshi , Fujita Yuya , Inoue Yoshino , Matsunaga Satsuki , Iwata Shigeru , Hanami Kentaro , Todoroki Yasuyuki , Yoshinari-Korekoda Hiroko , Kawabe Akio , Yamaguchi Ayako , Ueno Masanobu , Satoh-Kanda Yurie , Kanda Ryuichiro , Funada Masashi , Ohkubo Naoaki , Kusaka Katsuhide , Kosaka Shumpei , Nagayasu Atsushi , Fukuyo Shunsuke , Nawata Masao , Miyazaki Yusuke , Tokunaga Mikiko , Tanaka Kenichi , Okada Yosuke , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
To elucidate the differential effects of biological/target synthesized DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) on bone metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a real-world cohort.

Methods
This was a multicentre prospective observational study of RA patients enrolled at the time of first b/tsDMARDs administration. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) were measured during the 52-week observation. The study was designed to enrol all eligible RA patients. The end-points were differences in changes in BMD according to b/tsDMARD type, and the correlation between BMD and BTMs.

Results
A total of 1164 patients were enrolled in this study. b/tsDMARDs improved RA disease activity from mean CDAI 25.5 at baseline to 4.5 at week 26. Patients not receiving anti-osteoporotic agents (anti-OP) at baseline with no history of fracture experienced a significant decrease in both femoral neck (F: mean 0.666–0.655 g/cm3) and radial (R: 0.518–0.514) BMD at week 26. Despite maintaining low CDAI levels during weeks 26–52 (5.3–4.4), there was a continued decline in BMD (F: 0.653, R: 0.509. Weeks 52). None of the b/tsDMARDs type preserved BMD. Conversely, patients receiving anti-OP at baseline maintained stable BMD throughout the study (Weeks 0/26/52. F: 0.551/0.551/0.555, R: 0.415/0.416/0.415). Although BTMs were changed by b/tsDMARDs, the changes were unrelated to those in BMD.

Conclusion
Our study suggested the progression of osteoporosis in RA patients during b/tsDMARDs treatment without anti-OP. BTMs may not reflect BMD change. Regular monitoring of BMD in RA should be considered for early management of osteoporosis.
Predictors and prognosis of tracheostomy in relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Yin Ruxue , Xu Dong , Wang Qian , Li Mengtao , Zhang Wen , Zhang Fengchun , Zeng Xiaofeng , Jiang Nan , Hou Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Airway obstruction can occur in patients with relapsing polychondritis with laryngeal involvement, occasionally requiring tracheostomy to avoid serious complications. Herein, we assessed the risk factors for tracheostomy and developed a risk prediction model.

Methods
Clinical characteristics of patients with relapsing polychondritis, with and without tracheostomy, were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors. A nomogram was developed to predict the population at risk of requiring tracheostomy.

Results
In total, 232 patients with relapsing polychondritis were reviewed, of whom 146 had laryngeal involvement. Among them, 21 underwent a tracheostomy. Multivariate logistic analysis identified ages ≤25 or ≥65 years [P &lt; 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 24.584, 95% CI 5.310–113.815], laryngotracheal oedema (P &lt; 0.001, OR 26.685, 95% CI 4.208–169.228) and pulmonary infection (P = 0.001, OR 18.834, 95% CI 3.172–111.936) as independent risk factors for tracheostomy. A nomogram with a C-index of 0.936 (95% CI 0.894–0.977) was established based on the multivariate analysis. Internal bootstrap resampling (1000 repetitions) confirmed sufficient discriminatory power with a C-index of 0.926. Decision curve analysis indicated a superior net benefit of the nomogram. Tracheostomy was associated with a significant increase in the in-hospital mortality rate (P = 0.021), but it did not affect the long-term survival rate (P = 0.706).

Conclusion
Tracheostomy is associated with an increase in the short-term mortality rate but does not affect the long-term survival rate. The nomogram developed in this study may help identify patients at high risk for tracheostomy and aid in clinical decision-making.
Detection limit variation against coarse aerosol during airborne contamination measurement with continuous air monitor
Authors: Dougniaux Grégoire , Hoarau Gwenaël 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In nuclear facilities, the mandatory airborne contamination surveillance is operated by continuous air monitors (CAMs). It samples the ambient air on a filter and measures the deposited activity. It is designed to trig an alarm whenever the measured activity concentration exceeds a defined threshold. However, in some sites, such as dismantling nuclear sites, a high rate of false alarm is experienced, mainly for artificial alpha. It has been shown that false alarms are directly related to a sudden variation of the aerosol mass sizes distribution, i.e. a wrong detection limit (DL) evaluation. Experiments on the ICARE tests bench have been carried out to compare the CAM’s DL and an estimated DL as a function of the aerosol characteristics, to the measured one. This new estimation shows significant improvements over the previous one and highlights the need to consider aerosol characteristics for a correct airborne contamination measurement.
Study of the effect of temperature and water content on radon exhalation from phosphate using LR-115 detectors
Authors: Jabbade Meryame , Nachab Abdellatif , Elouardi Elmokhtar , Nourreddine Abdel-Mjid , Errami Ezzoura , Benjelloun Mohammed , Fahad Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A study of the influence of moisture content on the radon exhalation rate from phosphate samples (with and without consideration of the back diffusion effect) was performed using the sealed cup technique. The mass exhalation rate was found to increase with an increase in moisture content, reaching a maximum value of 2.414 ± 0.034 Bq kg−1 h−1 with a moisture content of 10%. However, the mass exhalation rate decreased with a continued increase in moisture content above 25%. The mass exhalation rate was also measured at different temperatures between −10 and 50°C. The obtained results show that the mass exhalation rate increases linearly with temperature. We point out that all the obtained values of radon exhalation rate are lower than the world average radon exhalation rate (57.6 Bq m−2 h−1).
Norm in cultivated honey in Malaysia and concomitant effective dose to consumers
Authors: Khandaker Mayeen U , Zayadi Nurul S B , Sani Siti Fairus A , Bradley David A , Osman Hamid , Alzamil Yasser , Almeshari Meshari , Sayyed M I , Sulieman Abdelmoneim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Present study concerns the radiological character of Malaysian honey. A total of 18 samples (representative of the various most common types) were obtained from various honey bee farms throughout the country. Using a high-purity germanium γ-ray spectroscopic system, the samples were analysed for the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K. The respective range of activities (in Bq/kg) was: 3.49 ± 0.35 to 4.51 ± 0.39, 0.99 ± 0.37 to 1.74 ± 0.39 and 41.37 ± 3.26 to 105.02 ± 6.91. The estimated associated committed effective doses were derived from prevailing data on national consumption of honey, the annual dose being found low compared with the UNSCEAR reference dose limit of 290 μSv y−1. The estimated threshold consumption rate for honey indicates a maximum intake of 339 g/d, which poses an insignificant radiological risk to public health; however, the total dietary exposure may not, the guidance level of 290 μSv y−1 being applicable to dietary intake of all foodstuffs. The study is in support of the cultivation of a healthy lifestyle, acknowledging prevailing radioactivity within the environment.
The presence of toxic heavy metals in tuna fishes from Laccadive sea and concomitant health risk
Authors: Nadhiya Aishath , Khandaker Mayeen U , Mahmud Sultan , Abdullah Wan H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Concentrations of heavy metals in Yellowfin and Skipjack tuna fishes from the Laccadive sea were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to evaluate the human health hazards via their consumption. The samples were collected from different atolls of Maldives to ensure a good representation of sample distribution. The metal concentration in tuna fish is found to be below the maximum tolerable limit set by different international organisations. The target hazard quotient values for individual metals were well below the limiting value of 1, indicating an insignificant health risk via the dietary intake of fish. The maximum targeted cancer risk value was 10 −4, indicating low carcinogenic risk from the consumption of tuna fish from the Maldives. Hence, the consumption of tuna from the Laccadive Sea is safe for human health.
Distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides and gamma dose rate assessment in the soils of high background natural radiation area Odisha, India
Authors: Veerasamy Nimelan , Sahoo Sarata K , Natarajan Thennaarassan , Inoue Kazumasa , Fukushi Masahiro , Ramola Rakesh C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A study on the activity concentration of primordial radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was carried out on the surface soil samples collected from the coastal villages between Chhatrapur and Gopalpur regions of high background natural radiation area Odisha, India, using high purity germanium gamma spectroscopy. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 231, 1692 and 250 Bq/kg, respectively. The total mean absorbed dose owing to the presence of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was 1139 nGy/h. The mean annual effective dose was found to be 1397 μSv/y and higher than the UNSCEAR average value 70 μSv/y.
UCHL1 maintains microenvironmental homeostasis in goat germline stem cells
Authors: Yang Donghui , Zhang Mengfei , Chen Wenbo , Lu Qizhong , Wan Shicheng , Du Xiaomin , Li Yunxiang , Li Balun , Wu Wenping , Wang Congliang , Li Na , Peng Sha , Tang Haiyang , Hua Jinlian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play a crucial role in mammalian spermatogenesis and maintain the stable inheritance of the germline in livestock. However, stress and bacterial or viral infections can disrupt immune homeostasis of the testes, thereby leading to spermatogenesis destruction and infertility, which severely affects the health and productivity of mammals. This study aimed to explore the effect of ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) knockdown (KD) in goat SSCs and mouse testes and investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory function of UCHL1 in a poly(I:C)‐induced inflammation model to maintain microenvironmental homeostasis. In vitro, the downregulation of UCHL1 (UCHL1 KD) in goat SSCs increased the expression levels of apoptosis and inflammatory factors and inhibited the self‐renewal and proliferation of SSCs. In vivo, the structure of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells was disrupted after UCHL1 KD, and the expression levels of apoptosis‐ and inflammation‐related proteins were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, UCHL1 inhibited the TLR3/TBK1/IRF3 pathway to resist poly(I:C)‐induced inflammation in SSCs by antagonizing HSPA8 and thus maintaining SSC autoimmune homeostasis. Most importantly, the results of this study showed that UCHL1 maintained immune homeostasis of SSCs and spermatogenesis. UCHL1 KD not only inhibited the self‐renewal and proliferation of goat SSCs and spermatogenesis but was also involved in the inflammatory response of goat SSCs. Additionally, UCHL1 has an antiviral function in SSCs by antagonizing HSPA8, which provides an important basis for exploring the specific mechanisms of UCHL1 in goat spermatogenesis.
Surgical Implications of Soft Tissue Depth in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Oldham Blaine , Rinehart Dustin , Youngman Tyler , Huo Michael 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Morbid obesity has been identified as a risk factor for complications in total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the impact of the adipose tissue distribution near the surgical site has not been adequately studied. We aimed to characterize the complication rates associated with varying soft tissue depth around the operative hip as measured on plain films.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of primary THAs at our institution from 2009 to 2020. A total of 106 patients met inclusion criteria. Propensity score matching was used to match the patients that required reoperation (n=13) to a cohort of those that did not (n=33) based upon demographics, BMI, and age. Four standardized measurements were taken, and statistical analyses were performed to determine if complication differences existed between cohorts.

Results:
There was no statistical difference between the non-reoperation cohort or the reoperation cohort in age (65.0 vs. 65.4, P=0.462) or BMI (39.4 vs. 40.9, P=0.108). There was no significant difference between the two cohorts for all four measurements (P=0.296, P=0.369, P=0.463, P=0.321). A subgroup analysis of patients with BMI ≥40 (n=23) demonstrated that individuals in the reoperation cohort had a higher value of measurements 3 and 4 (237.2 vs. 274.6, P=0.041; 236.5 vs. 284.1, P=0.015).

Conclusions:
A standardized measurement of thigh width on an AP pelvis plain film may help surgeons identify a subset of patients (BMI ≥40) at elevated risk for complication in primary THA.
Microsurgery in the Sickle Cell Trait Population: Can it Be Safely and Successfully Performed?
Authors: Eliseo Sara , Berlin Levana , Mansour Ahmed M. , Hansen Susan , Ranganath Bharat , Wallace Sean J. 
Published: November 2023

Summary:
Free-tissue transfer reconstruction in patients with sickle cell anemia risks failure due to polymerization of sickle hemoglobin within the flap microcirculation. However, outcomes vary, as the amount of polymerization is dependent on factors such as disease phenotype/diagnosis, degree of hypoxia, and intracellular dehydration. Most of the literature focuses on patients with sickle cell disease, which produces higher concentrations of sickle hemoglobin and, therefore, is a contraindication to microvascular reconstruction. Fewer reports describe microsurgery in patients with sickle cell trait (SCT) who carry the heterozygous phenotype. Here, we present a case in which a patient with SCT underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator free-tissue transfer. The 52-year-old woman had previously experienced a failed alloplastic-based reconstruction after radiation therapy for breast cancer. In our case, clinical and Doppler examinations demonstrated that arterial and venous anastomoses had remained patent; so the patient was discharged on postoperative day 4. Blistering developed on postoperative day 8, and by day 15 there was partial necrosis of the inferior-lateral aspect of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Debridement and closure resolved the issue, and at 5 months postprocedure, the flap remained well-perfused and well-incorporated. This case, presented here with patient consent, reports a successful outcome of microsurgical reconstruction in a patient with SCT. It expands the limited evidence to support the safety and feasibility of autologous surgical interventions for patients with the heterozygous phenotype of sickle cell anemia.