bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of climate on mid‐winter ice jams
Authors: Beltaos Spyros 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe breakup of ice in Canadian rivers and the ensuing ice jams have a multitude of socio‐economic impacts. Equally important, but not as well understood, is the strong relationship between the breakup event and the aquatic ecosystem in terms of both habitat and life cycle. Because breakup processes are highly sensitive to weather conditions, there is concern over the potential effects of changing climatic patterns on the ice‐jam regime and thus on the stream ecology and local economy. Though breakup commonly occurs in the spring, it is occasionally triggered by mid‐winter ‘thaws’, which are typical of the more temperate regions of Canada. Mid‐winter jams can be more destructive than spring ones and may also have repercussions on the spring event. Current knowledge suggests that small perturbations in winter temperature can produce major changes in the incidence of breakup and ice jams, by altering snowstorms into rainfall events. This expectation is confirmed by a hydroclimatic analysis of field observations and historical data on the upper reach of the Saint John River, which forms the boundary between New Brunswick, Canada and Maine, USA. A slight warming in the past 80 years has been accompanied by a considerable increase in the occurrence of mild winter days, thus contributing to increasing rainfall amounts. This results in augmented flows during the winter, which are lately becoming capable of effecting breakup of the river‐ice cover. Implications for future trends in the ice regime of the Saint John River and of other Canadian rivers are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What causes 3‐year‐olds' difficulty on the dimensional change card sorting task?
Authors: Perner Josef , Lang Birgit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFifty‐six children aged 3;01 to 4;11 years were tested with the standard DCCS task (Frye et al., Cognitive development 10:483–527. 1995) where children have to switch from one sorting dimension (e.g. colour) to another (e.g. shape), and with three variations of this task. The aim was to explore different factors (extra‐dimensional vs. reversal shift and presence of visual clash between target and test cards) that may account for 3‐year olds' executive problems on this task. The only difficult task was the standard DCCS task with a visual clash and an extra‐dimensional shift (mean of 3.55 out of five cards sorted correctly). The three new variations were all much easier (means of 4.6 or higher out of five cards sorted correctly). The difficulty with the DCCS task was particularly pronounced for 3‐year olds when the task was presented first (mean of 0.50 correct) whereas when it followed one or more of the other tasks then children's mean number correct was 4.0 or above. Implications of this finding are discussed for the theory that younger children suffer from an inability to inhibit a predominant sorting strategy and the cognitive complexity and control theory postulating limitations in understanding higher order rules, negative priming of the initially ignored dimension, and children's difficulty in understanding that the change in the task consists in a redescription of the original cards. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach for modifying tumor cell‐derived plasma membrane vesicles to contain encapsulated IL‐2 and engrafted costimulatory molecules for use in tumor immunotherapy
Authors: van Broekhoven Christina L. , Altin Joseph G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe genetic modification of tumor cells and delivery of cytokines have been proposed as useful strategies in the development of anti‐tumor vaccines; however, a number of factors limit their use in clinical settings. To facilitate vaccine development, we explored the possibility of modifying plasma membrane vesicles (PMV) by using a novel chelator lipid, nitrilotriacetic acid ditetradecylamine (NTA‐DTDA). Our analyses by flow cytometry show that NTA‐DTDA can be incorporated into PMV prepared from murine P815 mastocytoma and that the incorporated NTA‐DTDA permits anchoring or “engraftment” onto the vesicle surface of hexahistidine‐tagged proteins such as recombinant forms of the costimulatory molecules B7.1 and CD40. The engrafted PMV also can incorporate and deliver the immunostimulatory cytokine Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Our results show that modified PMV derived from P815 cells bind the murine T cell clone D10 in a receptor‐ligand dependent manner, inducing cell adhesion and promoting cell survival in vitro. The modified PMV can bind syngeneic T cells, stimulating T cell proliferation and cytotoxic T cell responses. Moreover, when used as vaccines in syngeneic animals, the modified vesicles induce significant protection against challenge with the native P815 tumor. The results indicate that PMV modified by engraftment of recombinant forms of B7.1 and CD40 and incorporation of IL‐2 can be used to modulate immune responses, which provides a novel approach for the development of anti‐tumor vaccines and cancer immunotherapies. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anticarcinogenic effect of FTY720 in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells: Modulation of mitogenic signaling, FAK, cell‐cycle entry and apoptosis
Authors: Permpongkosol Sompol , Wang Jing‐Ding , Takahara Shiro , Matsumiya Kiyomi , Nonomura Norio , Nishimura Kazuo , Tsujimura Akira , Kongkanand Apichat , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite the high frequency of prostate cancer, therapeutic options for advanced disease are limited to chemotherapy, radiation or hormonal therapy and eventually fail in all patients. Therefore, alternative approaches need to be developed. We previously reported that FTY720, a metabolite from Isaria sinclarii, is a unique antitumor agent for an androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell line and requires caspase‐3 activation in apoptosis. In our study, we have evaluated the effect of FTY720 on a family of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitochondrial transmembrane potential, caspase‐9 and caspase‐8 and analyzed the expression of some cell‐cycle regulator proteins in DU145 cells in order to understand the various antitumor effects of FTY720. Apoptosis was quantified by phosphatidylserine exposure. Activation of MAPKs, cleavage of caspase‐9 and caspase‐8, status of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) and Cip1/p21, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, were evaluated by Western blot analysis, in addition to FAK and phospho‐FAK immunoprecipitation and cell‐cycle analysis by FACScan. We found that in DU145 cells, 40 μM FTY720 caused activation of p38 MAPK and the upstream kinase MKK3/MKK6 but not SAPK/JNK. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential, FAK and ERK1/2 were reduced while caspase‐9 and caspase‐8 were cleaved. The p38‐specific inhibitor had no effect on apoptosis induced by FTY720, whereas z‐VAD.FMK, a broad‐spectrum caspase inhibitor, did not inhibit the p38 MAPK activation. An amount of 20 μM FTY720 resulted in G1 arrest and a decrease of CDK2 as well as CDK4, whereas it induced Cip1/p21. FTY720 may exert anticarcinogenic effects against prostate cancer cells possibly involving modulation of mitogenic signaling, cell‐cycle regulators, induction of G1 arrest and apoptotic death in DU145 cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of multidrug resistance‐associated proteins in bladder cancer during clinical course and drug resistance to doxorubicin
Authors: Tada Yasuhiro , Wada Morimasa , Migita Toshiro , Nagayama Jun , Hinoshita Eiji , Mochida Yasushi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Kuwano Michihiko , Naito Seiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOverexpression of the P‐glycoprotein/multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) gene is closely associated with the clinical outcome of various malignancies, and it is involved in responses to some anticancer chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin. Six human MRP subfamily members (MRP2‐7) with structural similarities to MRP1 have been identified. Recently, the relationships between MRP2 and MRP3 expression levels of some cancer cells and drug sensitivity to doxorubicin have been reported, but the relationship between the clinical samples and drug sensitivity remains unclear. We determined the expressions of the MDR1, MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 gene in bladder cancer during the clinical course and sought to learn whether the expression was correlated with drug responses to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin, used in chemotherapeutic treatment including intravesical and systemic chemotherapy, is an important anticancer agent for the treatment of bladder cancer. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis for our study, and the sensitivity to doxorubicin in bladder cancer was determined using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test. Using 47 clinical samples of bladder cancer, we confirmed the significant correlation of MDR1, MRP1 and MRP3 mRNA levels with resistance to doxorubicin. We showed that the expression of MDR1, MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 in recurrent tumors and residual tumors after chemotherapeutic treatment was higher than that in untreated primary tumors. In particular, the MDR1 expression in residual tumors was 5.7‐fold higher than that in untreated primary tumors. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical implications of serum C‐reactive protein levels in malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Nakanishi Hirofumi , Araki Nobuhito , Kudawara Ikuo , Kuratsu Shigeyuki , Matsumine Akihiko , Mano Masayuki , Naka Norifumi , Myoui Akira , Ueda Takafumi , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractParaneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) associated with mesenchymal tumors are uncommon. Previous reports sporadically described inflammatory PNSs with elevated serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and leukocytosis in patients with inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of soft tissue; however, the relationship between other subtypes of MFH and PNS has not been extensively investigated. Forty‐six patients with primary MFH of soft tissues who underwent radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative serum CRP level: normal (<1.0 mg/dl) and elevated (≥1.0 mg/dl). The correlation between serum CRP level and several clinicopathologic factors was analyzed. Correlation between preoperative serum CRP level and metastasis‐free and overall survival was also investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Elevated preoperative serum CRP levels were found in 65% of patients with a mean of 3.7 mg/dl. There were statistically significant relationships regarding tumor size, depth, histologic subtypes, grade, stage and metastatic rate among normal and elevated CRP groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.02, p < 0.005, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). When the tumor was removed, the elevated CRP level subsided into the normal range and other abnormal laboratory findings diminished in all cases. In 11/14 relapsed cases that showed elevated CRP preoperatively, the serum CRP level re‐elevated with tumor relapse. The normal CRP group showed significantly more favorable prognosis than the elevated CRP group in metastasis‐free and overall survival on univariate analysis (p < 0.02, p < 0.05, respectively). Patients with MFH frequently present with an inflammatory PNS, such as elevated serum CRP level, which can be a useful marker of disease activity and a valuable prognostic indicator. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EBV‐expressing AGS gastric carcinoma cell sublines present increased motility and invasiveness
Authors: Kassis Jareer , Maeda Akihiko , Teramoto Norihiro , Takada Kenzo , Wu Chuanyue , Klein George , Wells Alan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTumor invasion marks a critical point in cancer progression; it is a harbinger of morbidity and mortality. Thus, the cellular events that enable the invasive phenotype are under intense investigation. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a number of cancers, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is suspected to contribute to their tumorigenesis. On average, 8% of gastric carcinomas have been shown to carry this virus. To explore whether the presence of EBV in gastric carcinoma contributes to tumor progression in this predominantly invasive carcinoma, we examined a panel of 2 in vitro EBV‐infected human gastric cancer cell line sublines and their mock‐infected AGS parental control line. We found EBV infection caused a marked increase in transmigration of a Matrigel barrier (415% and 303%, p < 0.05, for the 2 infected lines). This correlated with increased motility of these sublines (233% and 140%, p < 0.05). As this pattern of increased motility leading to a more pronounced enhancement of invasion has been noted in other tumor cells, we explored the roles of autocrine signaling pathways previously implicated in carcinoma motility and invasion. Inhibitors to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (PD153035), phospholipase C (PLC) (U73122), extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) (PD089035) and PI‐3 kinase (Wortmannin) were not informative. These data suggest that EBV increases migration of AGS cells by a mechanism independent of these autocrine growth factor‐induced pathways. Instead, we found that the EBV‐infected cells presented increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation. These findings suggest a role for integrin‐mediated signaling in promoting EBV‐associated invasiveness. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The comovements of stock markets in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Scheicher Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we study the regional and global integration of stock markets in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. We estimate a vector autoregression with a multivariate GARCH component and perform a variety of diagnostic tests. Our main empirical result is the existence of limited interaction: in returns we identify both regional and global shocks, but innovations to volatility have a primarily regional character. We document low correlations to international markets and discuss the economic significance of the inter‐market dynamics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant visual habituation and parental psychological distress
Authors: Laplante David P. , Pérusse Daniel , Boulerice Bernard , Malo Jocelyn , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResearch is equivocal concerning the relationship between parental psychological distress and infant cognitive functioning. Four potential limitations of the literature are addressed: reliance on mothers' but not fathers' psychological distress, use of categorical measures of psychological distress, use of standardized measures of infant cognitive functioning, and failure to take into account potential gender differences. Ninety‐nine twin pairs and both their mothers and fathers were assessed. Infants cognitive functioning was assessed using an infant‐controlled habituation–recovery–dishabituation task. Maternal and paternal psychological distress was assessed using the Symptom Check List‐90‐Revised. No gender differences were obtained for infant visual information‐processing abilities or parental psychological distress. Maternal and paternal psychological distress was related to female visual encoding abilities only. It was concluded that parental psychological distress might degrade parent–infant interactions. Characteristics of girls when faced with parents exhibiting psychiatric difficulties may exacerbate difficulties of parent–infant interactions, thereby hindering the full development of cognitive abilities involved in the process of habituation. A need exists to examine the relationship between parental psychological distress and infant visual attention separately for girls and boys. ©2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Knowledge Management: The “Fifth Face” of Institutional Research
Authors: Serban Andreea M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBuilding on the main themes presented in the volume, this chapter explores their implications for institutional research. Their underlying premise is that institutional research could and should play a critical role in advancing the knowledge management paradigm: transforming data into information into knowledge and ultimately gaining organizational “wisdom” and building competitive advantage. This concluding chapter looks at the advantages and challenges of knowledge management from an institutional research perspective.
Effect of olive mill wastewaters on the oxygen consumption by activated sludge microorganisms: an acute toxicity test method
Authors: Paixão S. M. , Anselmo A. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge (ISO 8192‐1986 (E)) was evaluated as a tool for assessing, the acute toxicity of olive mill wastewaters (OMW). According to the ISO test, information generated by this method may be helpful in estimating the effect of a test material on bacterial communities in the aquatic environment, especially in aerobic biological treatment systems. However, the lack of standardized bioassay methodology for effluents imposed that the test conditions were modified and adapted. The experiments were conducted in the presence or absence of an easily biodegradable carbon source (glucose) with different contact times (20 min and 24 h). The results obtained showed a remarkable stimulatory effect of this effluent to the activated sludge microorganisms. In fact, the oxygen uptake rate values increase with increasing effluent concentrations and contact times up to 0.98 μl O2 h−1 mg−1 dry weight for a 100% OMW sample, 24 h contact time, with blanks exhibiting an oxygen uptake rate of ca. 1/10 of this value (0.07–0.10). It seems that the application of the ISO test as an acute toxicity test for effluents should be reconsidered, with convenient adaptation for its utilization as a method of estimating the effect on bacterial communities present in aerobic biological treatment systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein and surface effects on monocyte and macrophage adhesion, maturation, and survival
Authors: Collier T. O. , Anderson J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCell adhesion and maturation can be affected by the protein adsorption profile on the surface of an implanted biomaterial. In this study we have investigated how surface chemistry and adsorbed proteins can modulate monocyte and macrophage adhesion, IL‐13‐induced foreign‐body giant cell formation, and apoptosis in vitro. Compared to a dimethylsilane‐modified surface (DM), a surface modified with RGD peptides had no effect on adhesion density, foreign‐body giant cell (FBGC) formation, or apoptosis in nondepleted serum conditions. The depletion of specific adhesive proteins affected adhesion, FBGC formation, and apo‐ ptosis. While the depletion of fibronectin and vitronectin had no overall effect compared to nondepleted serum conditions, the depletion of IgG from serum caused a significant decrease in initial adherent cell density [1000 ± 200 compared to 2460 ± 590 (p = 0.02)], a significant decrease in FBGC formation [2% compared to 17% (p = 0.02)], and a significant increase in the level of apoptosis [57% compared to 32% (p = 0.01)] on DM. The lowered initial adherent cell density on DM was not observed on the RGD surface, indicating that the RGD surface promotes increased initial adhesion. However, the RGD surface does not affect FBGC formation (i.e., macrophage fusion) or levels of apoptosis, which remained comparable to those on the DM surfaces at days 7 and 10. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 487–496, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10043
Heparin and non‐heparin‐like dextrans differentially modulate endothelial cell proliferation: In vitro evaluation with soluble and crosslinked polysaccharide matrices
Authors: Letourneur Didier , Machy Delphine , Pellé Anne , Marcon‐Bachari Eva , D'Angelo Gisela , Vogel Magali , Chaubet Frédéric , Michel Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) is a cellular step of particular importance for implanted cardiovascular biomaterials. Heparin and some synthetic water‐soluble non‐anticoagulant polysaccharides derived from dextran and bearing anionic carboxymethyl and hydrophobic benzylamine groups were first investigated for their effects on EC proliferation in vitro. The results assessed by cell counting, 3H‐thymidine uptake, and flow cytometry analysis, showed that the derivatized dextran‐bearing hydrophobic groups stimulated the EC growth in the presence of serum, whereas native dextran or dextran‐bearing anionic carboxymethyl groups were inactive and heparin was slightly inhibitory. Then, we showed that the derivatized dextran enhanced EC proliferation by potentiation of the mitogenic activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2), two potent EC growth factors. In the presence of 2 nM of derivatized dextran, a 3‐fold and 13‐fold increase of 3H‐thymidine uptake was obtained with VEGF and FGF‐2, respectively. Finally, proliferation of ECs was investigated on crosslinked gels made of polysaccharides. It is of interest that EC proliferation was higher on gels containing the derivatized dextran than on plain hydrogels, and heparinized gels inhibited cell proliferation. From the obtained results, we propose that the synthetic non‐heparin‐like dextran may be of interest as a coating for the endothelialization of cardiovascular biomaterials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 94–100, 2002
The contribution of coating microstructure to degradation and particle release in hydroxyapatite coated prostheses
Authors: Gross K. A. , Ray N. , Røkkum M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlasma‐sprayed coatings of hydroxyapatite powder are widely used on hip replacements. Commercially, they are supplied by a large number of companies and thus offer different coating design philosophies. This study focuses on a retrieved prosthetic stem that exhibited coating loss on the femoral stem occurring concurrently with third‐body wear. The purpose of the research was to establish possible links between the coating microstructure and the clinical findings. A coated stem and cup were sectioned and the cross section was prepared to reveal the coating microstructure. Characterization included X‐ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and crystalline particle quantification within the coating. It was found that the coating has a high amorphous content that provides fast resorption. The amount of crystalline particles increased on the distal location of the stem, the threads of the acetabular shell, and was generally higher on the cup. Accelerated degradation illustrated how the coating may be a particle‐generating source by preferential dissolution of the amorphous phase, possibly allowing liberation of crystalline areas and other particulates at the substrate‐coating interface. Such particles mainly include the less soluble hydroxyapatide formed from unmelted particles in the plasma or recrystallisation in the coating, but may also include entrapped grit lodged in the substrate during the roughening process. This study accents the importance of coating microstructure in understanding coating resorption. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 106–114, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10090