bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐Time Laryngeal Cancer Boundaries Delineation on White Light and Narrow‐Band Imaging Laryngoscopy with Deep Learning
Authors: Sampieri Claudio , Azam Muhammad Adeel , Ioppi Alessandro , Baldini Chiara , Moccia Sara , Kim Dahee , Tirrito Alessandro , Paderno Alberto , Piazza Cesare , Mattos Leonardo S. , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential of deep learning for automatically delineating (segmenting) laryngeal cancer superficial extent on endoscopic images and videos.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted extracting and annotating white light (WL) and Narrow‐Band Imaging (NBI) frames to train a segmentation model (SegMENT‐Plus). Two external datasets were used for validation. The model's performances were compared with those of two otolaryngology residents. In addition, the model was tested on real intraoperative laryngoscopy videos.ResultsA total of 3933 images of laryngeal cancer from 557 patients were used. The model achieved the following median values (interquartile range): Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) = 0.83 (0.70–0.90), Intersection over Union (IoU) = 0.83 (0.73–0.90), Accuracy = 0.97 (0.95–0.99), Inference Speed = 25.6 (25.1–26.1) frames per second. The external testing cohorts comprised 156 and 200 images. SegMENT‐Plus performed similarly on all three datasets for DSC (p = 0.05) and IoU (p = 0.07). No significant differences were noticed when separately analyzing WL and NBI test images on DSC (p = 0.06) and IoU (p = 0.78) and when analyzing the model versus the two residents on DSC (p = 0.06) and IoU (Senior vs. SegMENT‐Plus, p = 0.13; Junior vs. SegMENT‐Plus, p = 1.00). The model was then tested on real intraoperative laryngoscopy videos.ConclusionSegMENT‐Plus can accurately delineate laryngeal cancer boundaries in endoscopic images, with performances equal to those of two otolaryngology residents. The results on the two external datasets demonstrate excellent generalization capabilities. The computation speed of the model allowed its application on videolaryngoscopies simulating real‐time use. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the role of this technology in surgical practice and resection margin improvement.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 134:2826–2834, 2024
Middle Ear Ossicular Joint Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Shimura Tomotaka , Keskin Yilmaz Nevra , Rajan Dilshan , Cureoglu Sebahattin , Da Costa Monsanto Rafael 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesAlthough previous research has indicated inner ear changes in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, no prior study has explored the middle ear, particularly the ossicles and their joints, in DM patients. This study aimed to investigate whether type 2 DM is associated with middle ear changes, specifically affecting the ossicular chain and joints.MethodsThis study included 47 ears from 25 patients with DM (male = 13, female = 12, age: 51.0 ± 20.5) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (male = 10, female = 10, age: 54.8 ± 15.9) (sex; p = 1.000, Age; p = 0.991). Otopathological evaluations of the auditory ossicles and incudomalleolar joint (IMJ) were performed using light microscopy.ResultsIn the IMJ of DM cases, malleus hyalinized cartilage (Malleus hC) and incus hyalinized cartilage (Incus hC) were significantly increased compared with control cases (Malleus hC; DM, 34.17 ± 9.71 μm vs. control 21.96 ± 4.16 μm, p < 0.001) (Incus hC; DM 35.11 ± 10.12 μm vs. control 22.42 ± 4.368 μm, p < 0.001). In addition, bone‐line distance was significantly longer than in DM cases than control cases (DM 266.72 ± 59.11 μm vs. control 239.81 ± 35.56 μm p = 0.040). On the other hand, joint discus distance was longer in the control group than in DM cases (DM 96.84 ± 36.80 μm vs. Control 113.63 ± 23.81 μm, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study reveals a notable increase in the hyalinized cartilage layer and bone‐line distance accompanied by reducing joint discus distance within the IMJ in DM cases. These findings suggest that DM may influence microjoints, such as the IMJ, and potentially impact auditory function.Evidence LevelN/A Laryngoscope, 134:2871–2878, 2024
Tracing the fate of seabird‐derived nitrogen in a coral reef using nitrate and coral skeleton nitrogen isotopes
Authors: Choisnard Noémie , Duprey Nicolas Noel , Wald Tanja , Thibault Martin , Houlbrèque Fanny , Foreman Alan D. , Cuet Pascale , Guillaume Mireille M. M. , Vonhof Hubert , Sigman Daniel M. , Haug Gerald H. , Maguer Jean‐François , L'Helguen Stéphane , Martínez‐García Alfredo , Lorrain Anne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeabirds transfer nutrients from the ocean to their nesting island, potentially altering nitrogen (N) cycling within adjacent terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Yet, the processes involved in seabird‐N transfer along the land–sea continuum remain elusive. Using δ15N and δ18O measurements of groundwater nitrate, we demonstrate the role of brackish groundwater located within a coral island's landmass as a major reservoir of nitrate (at millimolar levels). Nearly all of the total dissolved seabird‐derived N leaching into the groundwater (mostly ammonium and uric acid) is converted to nitrate by nitrification, as supported by the relatively low δ18O of the groundwater nitrate (3.97‰ ± 0.30‰). Comparison of nitrate δ15N and δ18O suggests that little denitrification takes place within the groundwater lens, implying that the high δ15N of groundwater nitrate (13.73‰ ± 0.05‰) derives from the high trophic position of seabirds and postdepositional processes that increase the δ15N of seabird excreta. Seawater and coral skeleton samples from a reef flat exposed to groundwater had higher δ15N values than at sites devoid of groundwater influence, indicating that the main source of N at the latter site was the Subtropical Upper Water, while the groundwater nitrate dominated the exposed reef flat N pool up to 200 m from shore. In addition, these results indicate that coral‐bound δ15N can detect seabird‐derived nitrate δ15N, raising opportunities to reconstruct historical seabird‐N inputs to coral reefs in relation to climatic and other changes, such as the introduction of invasive species.
An assessment of pitting corrosion in anodized aluminum alloys: It might not be what it seems
Authors: de Sousa Araujo João Victor , Milagre Mariana Xavier , Zhou Xiaorong , Costa Isolda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, special attention was given to the characterization of pits on the anodized aluminum alloy (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) with an anodic aluminum oxide formed in tartaric sulfuric acid. Anodic polarization in 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl solution was used to initiate pitting corrosion in the anodized alloy. Pit characteristics, such as morphology and depth, were evaluated by using optical microscopy and optical profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The methodology adopted in this study revealed severe under‐film pitting due to highly occluded conditions and showed that the extent of the under‐film pitting is significantly greater than the size of pit mouth observed from the surface.
Corrosion behavior of riveted joints with electrophoretic treatment in neutral salt spray environment
Authors: Qin Qingyu , Tang Bowei , Wei Chaozhong , Zhang Fahui , Wei Boxin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the corrosion behavior of riveted joints with electrophoretic treatment in a neutral salt spray environment using tensile test and surface analysis. The results showed that the open‐circuit potentials of the dual‐phase steels (590DP and 780DP) exceeded those of the AlSi10MnMg‐T7 and JDA1b die‐casting aluminum alloys by 100 mV, and exceeded that of the AA6063‐T6 extruded aluminum alloy by 50 mV. AlSi10MnMg‐T7 and JDA1b die‐casting aluminum alloys were more susceptible to corrosion in contrast to the AA6063‐T6 extruded aluminum alloy. The corrosion mechanism of the steel/aluminum riveted joints was not only galvanic corrosion but also oxygen concentration polarization. Over the 720‐h corrosion period, the failure loads of the riveted joints were not reduced at all. On the contrary, they increased at least 17% for the two‐sheet self‐piercing riveting (SPR) joints, 6% for the three‐sheet SPR joints, and 4% for the flow drill screw joints.
Soybean Isoflavones Ameliorates Lactation Performance in Postpartum Mice by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Regulating Gut Microflora
Authors: Shao Yuexin , Yu Yan , Pang Shilong , Ge Liyan , Shi Huaiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPostpartum dysgalactiae syndrome (PPDS) is one of the key issues affecting breastfeeding, usually occurring as breast swelling, a low milk yield, and at length a stop of breast milk secretion. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diet therapy in treating or preventing PPDS. This study aims to analyze the effect of soybean isoflavone (SIF), a natural estrogen found in plants, on postpartum lactation performance in mice and to evaluate its potential as a treatment for PPDS. Adult female BALB/c mice at 8 weeks of age (25 ± 3 g) are randomly divided into four groups fed with different levels of SIF and a normal diet for 14 days. SIF (0, 50, 100, 200 mg kg‐1 BW) is provided via intra‐gastric route to the experimental mice. Using a high‐throughput sequencing of microbial diversity and mammary gland metabolites, it is found that SIF‐treated mice potentially show an improved milk performance via enhanced antioxidant capacity and altered gut microbiota. SIF from plant sources at a high dosage promotes the lactation in normal postpartum mice.
Compact dual‐band balanced bandpass filter with controllable passbands using coplanar waveguide spiral cross resonators
Authors: Ren Baoping , Wang Yufan , Guan Xuehui , Wan Shaopeng , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) spiral cross resonators (SCRs) is introduced for creating a dual‐band balanced bandpass filter (BPF) with adjustable passbands. The resonant properties of the SCRs in both the differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) are scrutinized. Furthermore, DM bisection offers two distinct parameters for internal coupling adjustment, enabling independent passband width control. A novel grounding wire feeding arrangement matches the external Q factor of the dual DM passbands. An additional stepped‐impedance short‐circuited conducting stub between resonators prevents excessive coupling while obtaining moderate bandwidths. Inherent CM suppression can be attained by distinguishing CM resonant frequencies distinct from the DM frequencies. To validate the design, a dual‐band balanced BPF designed and fabricated to operate at 2.42 and 5.2 GHz exhibits closely matching measured results compared to the simulated ones.
Myelin bilayer mapping in the human brain in vivo
Authors: Baadsvik Emily Louise , Weiger Markus , Froidevaux Romain , Schildknecht Christoph Michael , Ineichen Benjamin Victor , Pruessmann Klaas Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo quantitatively map the myelin lipid‐protein bilayer in the live human brain.MethodsThis goal was pursued by integrating a multi‐TE acquisition approach targeting ultrashort T2 signals with voxel‐wise fitting to a three‐component signal model. Imaging was performed at 3 T in two healthy volunteers using high‐performance RF and gradient hardware and the HYFI sequence. The design of a suitable imaging protocol faced substantial constraints concerning SNR, imaging volume, scan time, and RF power deposition. Model fitting to data acquired using the proposed protocol was made feasible through simulation‐based optimization, and filtering was used to condition noise presentation and overall depiction fidelity.ResultsA multi‐TE protocol (11 TEs of 20–780 μs) for in vivo brain imaging was developed in adherence with applicable safety regulations and practical scan time limits. Data acquired using this protocol produced accurate model fitting results, validating the suitability of the protocol for this purpose. Structured, grainy texture of myelin bilayer maps was observed and determined to be a manifestation of correlated image noise resulting from the employed acquisition strategy. Map quality was significantly improved by filtering to uniformize the k‐space noise distribution and simultaneously extending the k‐space support. The final myelin bilayer maps provided selective depiction of myelin, reconciling competitive resolution (1.4 mm) with adequate SNR and benign noise texture.ConclusionUsing the proposed technique, quantitative maps of the myelin bilayer can be obtained in vivo. These maps offer unique information content with potential applications in basic research, diagnosis, disease monitoring, and drug development.
How vulnerable is an undirected planar graph with respect to max flow
Authors: Balzotti Lorenzo , Franciosa Paolo G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the problem of computing the vitality of edges and vertices with respect to the ‐max flow in undirected planar graphs, where the vitality of an edge/vertex is the ‐max flow decrease when the edge/vertex is removed from the graph. This allows us to establish the vulnerability of the graph with respect to the ‐max flow. We give efficient algorithms to compute an additive guaranteed approximation of the vitality of edges and vertices in planar undirected graphs. We show that in the general case high vitality values are well approximated in time close to the time currently required to compute ‐max flow . We also give improved, and sometimes optimal, results in the case of integer capacities. All our algorithms work in space.
Investigation of low‐velocity impact behaviors of polymer composites reinforced with different natural fiber fabrics
Authors: Demir Mert , Ekici Recep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, the low‐velocity impact behavior of polymer composites produced separately by reinforcing with natural fiber fabrics such as linen, hemp, jute, and bamboo was investigated for three different thicknesses (2.5 ± 0.1, 5 ± 0.1, and 7.5 ± 0.1 mm) by vacuum infusion method. Low‐speed impact tests were performed at three different energy levels of 20, 35, and 50 J by striking the geometric center of the composite samples with a hemispherical impactor. The impact strengths of the composites were evaluated by comparing the contact force‐displacement, contact force‐time graphs, and impacted sample images. The types of damage occurring in each experimental sample were evaluated. Increasing the thickness had a positive effect on the impact strength of the composites. When the thickness of the composite plates increases, the peak contact force increases, the displacement decreases and capacity to carry impact loads increases due to the increased stiffness of the composites. However, except for the damaged 5 ± 0.1 mm thick bamboo and jute samples, the energy absorption ability of the samples generally increases with the increase of impact energy. Bamboo, jute, and hemp reinforced samples with a thickness of 2.5 ± 0.1 mm were completely perforated under 20 J impact energy. Also, it was determined that linen reinforced composites have the best impact resistance among natural fabric reinforced composites.Highlights
Low‐velocity impact behavior of natural fiber fabric reinforced PMCs was studied.
The impact strength of PMCs increased as the thickness increased.
Linen reinforced composites had the best impact resistance.
The main damage modes are matrix cracking and delamination at low‐impact energies.
As the impact energy increases, perforation and fiber breakage or separations are observed.
Registration of ‘MN‐Torgy’ spring wheat with moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight and adult plant resistance to Ug99 stem rust
Authors: Anderson J. A. , Wiersma J. J. , Reynolds S. K. , Conley E. J. , Stuart N. , Caspers R. , Kolmer J. A. , Rouse M. N. , Jin Y. , Dill‐Macky R. , Smith M. J. , Dykes L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract‘MN‐Torgy’ (Reg. no. CV‐1203, PI 698205) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) was released by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in 2020 because of its high grain yield, disease resistance, and end‐use quality characteristics. MN‐Torgy is a medium‐maturity cultivar with above average plant height despite containing the semi‐dwarfing allele Rht24b. MN‐Torgy has moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and good resistance to prevalent races of pathogens causing leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) and is well adapted to the north‐central United States. MN‐Torgy also has good adult plant resistance to the Ug99 family of stem rust races.
Fewer systematic prostate core biopsies in clinical stage T1c prostate cancer leads to biochemical recurrence after brachytherapy as monotherapy
Authors: Ozawa Yu , Nohara Sunao , Nakamura Ken , Hattori Seiya , Yagi Yasuto , Nishiyama Toru , Yorozu Atsunori , Monma Tetsuo , Saito Shiro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAfter brachytherapy, fewer prostate biopsy cores at diagnosis can underestimate the pathological characteristics of prostate cancer (PCa) with lower concordance, resulting in improper treatment, particularly in patients with low‐risk nonpalpable cT1c PCa. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the number of biopsy cores at diagnosis and long‐term clinical outcomes after brachytherapy for cT1c PCa.MethodsWe reviewed 516 patients with localized cT1c PCa with Gleason scores of 3 + 3 = 6 or 3 + 4 = 7 who underwent brachytherapy as monotherapy without hormonal therapy between January 2005 and September 2014 at our institution. Clinical staging was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer manual for staging. Thus, the cT1c category is based solely on digital rectal examination. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence (BCR). Based on the optimized cutoff value for biopsy core number obtained from receiver operating characteristic analysis, patients were divided into the biopsy cores ≤8 (N = 123) and ≥9 (N = 393) groups. The BCR‐free survival rate was compared between the groups. Prognostic factors for BCR were evaluated, including age, initial prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, positive core rate, PSA density, prostate magnetic resonance imaging findings, and biopsy core number.ResultsThe median patient age was 66.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 61.0–71.0 years), and the median follow‐up time was 11.1 years (IQR: 9.5–13.3 years). The median number of core biopsies was 12 (IQR: 9–12). The area under the curve was 0.637 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.75), and the optimal biopsy core cutoff value for BCR prediction was 8.5 (sensitivity = 43.5%, specificity = 77.1%). Although fewer patients had Gleason scores of 3 + 4 = 7 (19/123 [15%] vs. 125/393 [32%], p < 0.02) in the biopsy cores ≤8 group, the 10‐year BCR‐free survival rate was significantly lower in the biopsy cores ≤8 group than in the biopsy cores ≥9 group (93.8% vs. 96.3%, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that a lower biopsy core number (hazard ratio: 0.828, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97, p < 0.03) and a Gleason score of 3 + 4 = 7 (hazard ratio: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.37–7.73, p < 0.01) significantly predicted BCR.ConclusionsA low number of prostate core biopsies results in worse BCR‐free survival after brachytherapy as monotherapy in patients with cT1c PCa.
What is the value of rotations to insecticide resistance management?
Authors: Madgwick Philip G , Kanitz Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRotations have been the cornerstone of insecticide resistance management for many decades. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the use of insecticide mixtures, particularly based on new theoretical models. Here, we present a perspective on the value of rotations to insecticide resistance management, focusing on the interpretation of influential theoretical models. The principles of resistance management have previously been reduced to moderation, saturation and multiple attack. Alongside mixtures and mosaics, rotations have been presented as a strategy of multiple attack in using more than one insecticide. Three explanations have been offered for how rotations delay resistance evolution: counterselection from resistance cost, the relaxation of selection and intergenerational redundant kill. We show that all three explanations can make sense of the comparison of rotations with another resistance‐management strategy but have failed to elucidate the principle at work. Overall, we argue that rotations work by moderation, delaying resistance to insecticides through the use of each insecticide less over time. We suggest that the principles of resistance management are recast as moderation, saturation and redundancy. When rotations and mixtures are not conceptualised as competing methods of multiple attack, these strategies can more obviously work together through the complementary principles of moderation and redundancy. Whether solo products or a mixture of products are used, rotations are an effective method of risk management, preserving the arsenal of all effective insecticides for longer. A successful resistance‐management plan should make appropriate use of all the principles of resistance management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Theoretical study on initial decomposition paths of energetic materials featuring RDX ring
Authors: Shang Fangjian , Shi Yanlin , Wang Caifeng , Liu Huaxin , Lv Meiheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe molecular properties of RDX are affected by the introduction of different functional groups, and the decomposition process of these analogues is studied in this paper. DFT method is used to study the initial decomposition reaction paths of 30 high energy materials based RDX skeleton. In the nitro cleavage reaction, the energy barrier become relatively low by introducing CH(NO2)2 or C(NO2)3 groups on the C site of the six membered ring. In the ring opening reaction, the ring opening process is easier to proceed by introducing NH2 or NHNH2 groups on the C site of the six membered ring.
Structural connectivity of 18‐Crown‐6/H+/L‐tryptophan noncovalent complexes in gas phase and in solution: Delineating host–guest–solvent interactions in solution from gas phase structures
Authors: Oh Young‐Ho , Oh Han Bin , Lee Sungyul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate the structural correlation of noncovalent crown ether/H+/L‐tryptophan (CR/TrpH+) host–guest complexes in the solution phase with those in the gas phase generated through electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) techniques. We perform quantum chemical calculations to determine their structures, relative Gibbs free energies, and infrared spectra. We compare the calculated infrared (IR) spectra with the IR multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectra observed for the 18‐Crown‐6/TrpH+ complex by Polfer and co‐workers [J. Phys. Chem. A 2013, 117, 1181–1188] for assigning the IR bands. We observe that the carboxyl group remains “naked,” lacking hydrogen bonding with the CR unit in the gas phase, and that this most stable conformer originates from the corresponding lowest Gibbs free energy structure in solution. Based on these findings, we propose that gas phase host–guest complexes directly correlate with those in solution, reinforcing the possibility of obtaining invaluable information about host–guest–solvent interactions in solution from the structure of the host–guest pair in the gas phase.