bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structured approach with Swiss cheese model to reduce vascular adverse events of filler injections
Authors: Huang Yau‐Li , Chi Ching‐Chi , Chang Shyue‐Luen , Hu Sindy , Lee Mei‐Ching , Lu Chun‐Wei , Chung Wen‐Hung , Lin Tsai‐Ming , Cheng Chun‐Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundFiller injection is among the most popular nonsurgical aesthetic procedures worldwide. Though relatively noninvasive, filler injection can lead to severe vascular adverse events. Even though the incidence is rare, it may cause devastating and irreversible outcomes. A Swiss cheese model has been widely applied for risk analysis and management approach in medical field.AimsIn this review article, we adopt the Swiss cheese model and create a structured approach to prevent severe vascular complications caused by filler injections.MethodsWe reviewed the current literature regarding the knowledge and techniques of preventing vascular adverse events in the filler injection.ResultsWe propose four structured strategies in this model to reduce the risk of severe vascular adverse events of filler injections, including clinical facial anatomy, safe filler injection principles, real time imaging and auxiliary instruments, and implication of checklist.ConclusionThis review provides clinicians a structured approach before and during the filler injection procedure to reduce the risk of vascular adverse events and improve its safety and outcome.
Responses of the desert green algae, Chlorella sp. to drought stress
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Gaohong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDesert algae are important components of the desert soil crust and play an essential role in desert soil ecosystem development. Owing to their special habitat, desert algae are often exposed to harsh environments, among which drought represents the most common stress. Green algae are considered to have drought tolerance potential; however, only a few studies have investigated this. In this study, we selected the green alga Chlorella sp., which was isolated from desert soil, and studied its physiological response to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000‐induced drought stress. The results showed that drought stress can affect the photosynthetic efficiency of Chlorella sp., reduce its water retention ability, and destroy its ultrastructure. However, Chlorella sp. can cope with drought stress through a series of physiological regulatory strategies. Protective strategies include quick recovery of photosynthetic efficiency and increased chlorophyll content. In addition, induced synthesis of soluble proteins, lipids, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances, such as sucrose and trehalose, also contribute to improving drought tolerance in Chlorella sp. This study provides insights into the physiological responses of Chlorella sp. to drought stress, which may be valuable for understanding the underlying drought adaptation mechanisms of desert green algae.
Alterations in serum concentrations of visfatin and betatrophin in dogs with hypothyroidism
Authors: Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Shachar Omer , Even Zur Tzachi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypothyroidism in dogs is associated with obesity and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The adipokines, visfatin, and betatrophin, affect glucose tolerance. Betatrophin is involved in lipid regulation.HypothesisVisfatin and betatrophin serum concentrations are altered in hypothyroid dogs.AnimalsDogs with naturally occurring hypothyroidism (n = 25) and healthy dogs (n = 25).MethodsInsulin, visfatin, and betatrophin serum concentrations were measured in all dogs and 19 of the hypothyroid dogs after 30 days of thyroxine treatment. Body condition score (BCS) was determined (1‐9 scale).ResultsVisfatin concentrations were lower in hypothyroid compared with healthy dogs (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 2.0 ng/mL, 1.2‐3.3 vs 5.1 ng/mL, 3.3‐7.8; P = .004) and increased post‐treatment (3.1 ng/mL, 1.9‐4.9 vs 2.6 ng/mL, 1.6‐4.1; P = .05). Betatrophin concentrations were lower in lean to normal (body condition score [BCS], 3‐5) hypothyroid dogs compared to lean to normal healthy dogs (52 pg/mL, 9‐307 vs 597 pg/mL, 216‐1648; P = .03), but were not different between overweight (BCS, 6‐9) hypothyroid and healthy dogs (341 pg/L, 168‐695 vs 178 pg/mL, 77‐415; P = .26), and decreased post‐treatment in overweight dogs (206 pg/mL, 87‐488 vs 268 pg/mL, 112‐640; P = .004). Visfatin concentrations were higher in overweight compared with lean to normal dogs (4.7 ng/mL, 3.3‐6.6 vs 2.2 ng/mL, 1.2‐4.2; P = .04). Betatrophin concentrations were positively correlated with BCS (r = .47, P = .02) and insulin concentrations (r = .48, P = .03) in hypothyroid dogs and negatively correlated with BCS (r = −.47, P = .02) and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations (r = −.56, P = .01) in healthy dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypothyroidism in dogs is associated with alterations in visfatin and betatrophin concentrations that partially resolve with thyroxine treatment.
DNA methylation differences between stick insect ecotypes
Authors: de Carvalho Clarissa F. , Slate Jon , Villoutreix Romain , Soria‐Carrasco Víctor , Riesch Rüdiger , Feder Jeffrey L. , Gompert Zachariah , Nosil Patrik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, can influence gene regulation and affect phenotypic variation, raising the possibility that they contribute to ecological adaptation. Beginning to address this issue requires high‐resolution sequencing studies of natural populations to pinpoint epigenetic regions of potential ecological and evolutionary significance. However, such studies are still relatively uncommon, especially in insects, and are mainly restricted to a few model organisms. Here, we characterize patterns of DNA methylation for natural populations of Timema cristinae adapted to two host plant species (i.e. ecotypes). By integrating results from sequencing of whole transcriptomes, genomes and methylomes, we investigate whether environmental, host and genetic differences of these stick insects are associated with methylation levels of cytosine nucleotides in the CpG context. We report an overall genome‐wide methylation level for T. cristinae of ~14%, with methylation being enriched in gene bodies and impoverished in repetitive elements. Genome‐wide DNA methylation variation was strongly positively correlated with genetic distance (relatedness), but also exhibited significant host‐plant effects. Using methylome‐environment association analysis, we pinpointed specific genomic regions that are differentially methylated between ecotypes, with these regions being enriched for genes with functions in membrane processes. The observed association between methylation variation and genetic relatedness, and with the ecologically important variable of host plant, suggests a potential role for epigenetic modification in T. cristinae adaptation. To substantiate such adaptive significance, future studies could test whether methylation can be transmitted across generations and the extent to which it responds to experimental manipulation in field and laboratory studies.
Conservation genomics of an endangered montane amphibian reveals low population structure, low genomic diversity and selection pressure from disease
Authors: Trumbo D. R. , Hardy B. M. , Crockett H. J. , Muths E. , Forester B. R. , Cheek R. G. , Zimmerman S. J. , Corey‐Rivas S. , Bailey L. L. , Funk W. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWildlife diseases are a major global threat to biodiversity. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus [Bufo] boreas) are a state‐endangered species in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, and a species of concern in Wyoming, largely due to lethal skin infections caused by the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We performed conservation and landscape genomic analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms from double‐digest, restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing in combination with the development of the first boreal toad (and first North American toad) reference genome to investigate population structure, genomic diversity, landscape connectivity and adaptive divergence. Genomic diversity (π = 0.00034–0.00040) and effective population sizes (Ne = 8.9–38.4) were low, likely due to post‐Pleistocene founder effects and Bd‐related population crashes over the last three decades. Population structure was also low, likely due to formerly high connectivity among a higher density of geographically proximate populations. Boreal toad gene flow was facilitated by low precipitation, cold minimum temperatures, less tree canopy, low heat load and less urbanization. We found >8X more putatively adaptive loci related to Bd intensity than to all other environmental factors combined, and evidence for genes under selection related to immune response, heart development and regulation and skin function. These data suggest boreal toads in habitats with Bd have experienced stronger selection pressure from disease than from other, broad‐scale environmental variations. These findings can be used by managers to conserve and recover the species through actions including reintroduction and supplementation of populations that have declined due to Bd.
Ectoparasite presence and brood size manipulation interact to accelerate telomere shortening in nestling jackdaws
Authors: Badás Elisa P. , Bauch Christina , Boonekamp Jelle J. , Mulder Ellis , Verhulst Simon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly‐life conditions impact fitness, but whether the combined effect of extrinsic stressors is additive or synergistic is not well known. This is a major knowledge gap because exposure to multiple stressors is frequent. Telomere dynamics may be instrumental when testing how stressors interact because many factors affect telomere shortening, and telomere shortening predicts survival. We evaluated the effect of manipulated brood size and natural infestation by the carnid fly Carnus hemapterus on nestling growth and telomere shortening of wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula). Telomere length, measured in blood using TRF, shortened on average by 264 bp, and on average, Carnus infection induced more telomere shortening. Further analyses showed that in enlarged broods, nestlings' telomeres shortened more when parasitized, while in reduced broods there was no effect of infection on telomere shortening. We conclude that there is a synergistic effect of number of siblings and Carnus infection on telomere shortening rate: blood‐sucking parasites may negatively impact telomeres by increasing cell proliferation and/or physiological stress, and coping with infection may be less successful in enlarged broods with increased sibling competition. Larger nestlings had shorter telomeres independent of age, brood manipulation or infection. Growth was independent of infestation but in enlarged broods, nestlings were lighter at fledging. Our findings indicate that (i) evaluating consequences of early‐life environmental conditions in isolation may not yield a full picture due to synergistic effects, and (ii) effects of environmental conditions may be cryptic, for example, on telomeres, with fitness consequences expressed beyond the temporal framework of the study.
Using a divider nudge in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases: A feasibility study using an intervention design
Authors: McGrath Greg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in 16 Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test the feasibility of covertly modifying shopper purchasing behaviour to purchase more F&Vs using a visual divider nudge message (prompts) covering the entire base of shopping trolleys. Placards provided a visual representation of the recommended proportion of the trolley base that should be allocated to fruits and vegetables (implied social norm). Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the weight (kg), total spending and F&V specific spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys for one weekend day only. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day on non‐trial shoppers. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the divider nudge placards (n = 102) purchased equal weight of F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 6.25 kg, SD = 5.60 kg, 95% CI = 5.14 kg, 7.35 kg, vs. Control: mean 6.03 kg, SD = 5.17 kg, 95% CI = 5.01 kg, 7.04 kg, p = 0.768) and spent equal amounts on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 102) (Intervention: mean = $41.46, SD = $36.68, 95% CI = $34.25, $48.66, vs. Control: mean $39.85, SD = $33.30, 95% CI = $33.34, $46.39, p = 0.744). There was no difference in the total spending between groups (Intervention: mean = $135.99, SD = $90.10, 95% CI = $118.29, $153.68, vs. Control: mean $155.68, SD = $96.46, 95% CI = $136.73, $174.63, p = 0.133). The divider nudge placard did not lead to any difference in shoppers' purchases of F&Vs. However, this study demonstrates the feasibility of testing a cheap, simple and easy supermarket nutrition intervention. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.
Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks for post‐dural puncture headache: A case report in a 3‐year‐old child
Authors: Bhettay Anisa , Burger Roxanne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPost‐dural puncture headache is a distressing complication that may occur after lumbar puncture or unintentional dural puncture. Risk factors in the pediatric population have not been well elicited, and the true incidence is unknown. Conservative management includes conservative physical measures and medical therapies. Epidural blood patch remains the gold standard for managing severe refractory headache, but greater occipital nerve blocks and sphenopalatine ganglion blocks have been used with success. Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks are easy to perform, minimally invasive and, in the postoperative setting where epidural analgesia is utilized, provide an alternative that should be considered.
Characteristics and onset of presentation of pediatric stiff skin syndrome: A retrospective cohort study of 11 patients in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sanchez‐Espino Luis Fernando , Sibbald Cathryn , Stimec Jennifer , Laxer Ronald M. , Pope Elena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveStiff skin syndrome (SSS) is a rare disorder characterized by “rock hard” indurated skin affecting different body parts. The localized variant poses a diagnostic challenge, as it is frequently mistaken for other inflammatory connective tissue disorders. The aim of this study is to provide insightful clinical, radiologic and diagnostic data that might prove useful for the evaluation, management and treatment of pediatric patients with segmental SS.MethodsThis single‐center cohort study included patients ≤18 years diagnosed with localized SSS from 1988 to 2021 in a quaternary pediatric healthcare center in Toronto, Canada. Data included demographics, clinical, histopathologic and radiologic features, treatments, and clinical course. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, medians, interquartile ranges [IQRs]) and frequencies.ResultsA total of 11 patients were included. The sclerotic changes were measured clinically and radiologically, by a total of 16 imaging studies: 13 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3 ultrasound. MRI readings showed abnormal high signal intensity of the affected tissue correlating with the anatomical site of involvement in all cases, specifically, in the shoulder/pelvic girdle with limb extension. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) demonstrated higher values within the dermis compared to the control site.ConclusionThe presence of segmental sclerotic changes that affects the pelvic/shoulder girdle with extension to the extremities, in the absence of inflammation on biopsy and abnormal signaling intensity on imaging is suggestive of SSS. Skin SWE is a feasible, noninvasive, and objective instrument to evaluate and monitor sclerotic changes overtime, it could be potentially extrapolated to other pediatric skin sclerotic conditions.
The politics of language: Exploring the DREAMers as the “alien other” in the narratives of immigration
Authors: Dzhurova Albena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, the Biden administration banned federal agencies from using the phrase “illegal alien,” replacing it with a less dehumanizing expression (e.g., noncitizen, undocumented immigrant, etc.). This article delves into the origins of the alien reference by surveying the case of the DREAMers—a small subset of immigrants brought to the United States as children. Designated as aliens in the broader immigration context, the DREAMers epitomize a problematic narrative depicting the overall “otherness” as deep‐seated in America. I impose Agamben‘s image of the homo sacer onto the conceptualization of otherness to frame the DREAMers as alienated (exempted from the limits of the political state), waiting to enter society through formal legislation. Critically examining the narratives of policy makers in Congress, I study how political elites use language to reinforce existing power structures. In the two‐decade attempt of Congress to resolve the DREAMers‘ marginalized status, they are infantilized and, hence, stigmatized anew.Related ArticlesDuman, Yoav H. 2014. “Reducing the Fog? Immigrant Regularization and the State.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 187–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12065.Garrett, Terence M. 2020. “The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump‘s Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 372–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348.Garrett, Terence M., and Arthur J. Sementelli. 2022. “COVID‐19, Asylum Seekers, and Migrants on the Mexico–U.S. Border: Creating States of Exception.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 872–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12484.
Exploring the association between latent Plasmopara viticola infection and downy mildew epidemic in commercial vineyards: Application of qPCR assay
Authors: Yang Lujia , Deng Jie , Chu Bingyao , Lv Xuan , Song Shuang , Zhang Yi , Sun Qiuyu , Ma Zhanhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is critical to quantify latent Plasmopara viticola infections in commercial vineyards rapidly and accurately to estimate the potential for grapevine downy mildew (GDM) epidemics. In this study, a well‐established quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was employed to quantify the amount of P. viticola in asymptomatic grapevine leaves from various commercial vineyards in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China. The qPCR revealed efficient detection of P. viticola, with 56.6% and 95.8% of the asymptomatic leaves testing positive to the pathogen in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The molecular disease index (MDI), which offers insights into the progression of latent infection preceding the appearance of visible GDM symptoms, showed relatively modest values in the initial phases. However, it increased variably as grapevines grew. The disease index progress curve and the relative area under the disease progress curve revealed that all assessed vineyards experienced different degrees of epidemics after the initial GDM observation, with most vineyards experiencing more severe GDM epidemics in 2019 than in 2018. Bayesian and non‐linear regression analyses demonstrated that MDI data matched well with occurrence of GDM at early, mid and late stages of disease, and the overall accuracy of predictions exceeded 50%, 64% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, latent infection levels were positively correlated with subsequent assessments of disease progression (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence for the interrelation between latent P. viticola infections and development of GDM epidemics under field conditions. This insight has substantive implications for the formulation of effective disease management strategies.
Using non‐chemical options in integration with reduced rates of imazethapyr in weed management of pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Amini R. , Behgam M. , Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of reduced imazethapyr rates integrated with non‐chemical weed management treatments on weed control and pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed yield, the field studies were carried out at the Research Field of University of Tabriz, Iran in 2016 and 2017. The experiment was a factorial randomised complete block design with five levels of imazethapyr rates and four levels of non‐chemical managements. The weed density and biomass were reduced in all non‐chemical weed management treatments when combined with imazethapyr, compared with those treated with imazethapyr only (control). In both years, non‐chemical weed management treatments increased pinto bean seeds per plant and seed yield when integrated with imazethapyr. Pinto bean seeds per plant and seed yield in 2017 were greater than those in 2016 and also there was no significant difference between those in 0.75X and 1X. The relative ranking of non‐chemical weed management treatments for weed control efficacy and pinto bean seed yield was hand weeding > straw mulch > living mulch. Integration of imazethapyr with non‐chemical weed managements could increase the weed control efficacy and seed yield of pinto bean whereas would reduce herbicide application in sustainable production systems.
Efficacy and safety of articaine in 3-year-old children for dental procedures: a protocol for a clinical randomised control trial in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrashdi Murad , Alhunti Atyaf , Almansour Asya 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionDespite the wide use of articaine in paediatric dentistry owing to its proven effectiveness and safety, articaine application in children <4 years remains controversial due to a lack of data on the use of articaine in very young children. This trial aims to examine the efficacy and safety of 4% articaine compared with 2% mepivacaine in children 3–4 years old requiring dental extractions. We aim to assess local anaesthetic efficacy and safety through a local anaesthetic infiltration technique for primary teeth requiring dental extraction in children 3 years old.Methods and analysisThis prospective, double-blind, randomised clinical trial with two parallel arms aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 4% articaine compared with 2% mepivacaine in 3-year-old children. The trial’s outcomes will be assessed by measuring the pain experienced during injection and treatment, evaluating the child’s behaviour during the procedure, and monitoring postoperative pain and complications. A total of 200 children will be included in the study, with 100 children in each arm.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the study protocol and informed consent documents before initiation of the study. The IRB approval was granted by the Qassim Health Cluster under protocol number 607/43/7809. This study was also approved by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority. The study report will be disseminated through scientific forums, including peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberSaudi Clinical Trial Registry (22071802) and ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05839548).