bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild sea cucumber trade in rural Madagascar: Consequences for conservation and human welfare
Authors: Rothamel Emily , Borgerson Cortni , Rajaona Delox , Razafindrapaoly Be Noel , Rasolofoniaina Be Jean Rodolph , Feehan Colette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOverexploitation of fisheries is a challenge to both marine conservation and human welfare. The trade of sea cucumbers is a multi‐billion‐dollar market, spanning over 70 countries. Global concern over unsustainable sea cucumber trade led to the inclusion of three species in CITES Appendix II, two of which are found in Madagascar (Holothuria fuscogilva and Holothuria nobilis). We used 792 structured interviews (2015–2020) to study the intensity of wild sea cucumber collection and exportation in rural northeastern Madagascar, where 30% of all (terrestrial and aquatic) native species are threatened with extinction. Wild sea cucumber collection was common and increased tenfold during the study; one in five coastal households caught and sold wild sea cucumbers. Furthermore, trade relied on threatened species; half of collected sea cucumbers are threatened, including CITES II‐restricted H. nobilis (Endangered) and H. fuscogilva (Vulnerable). While such collection threatens conservation, it improved the welfare of rural collectors. Sea cucumber collectors were significantly wealthier and more food secure than other community members. Given both the high collection of threatened and regulated species and high regional food insecurity (58% of households), the current regulation of threatened species alone is not reducing levels of unsustainable catch.
Diabetes mellitus and blood glucose variability increases the 30‐day readmission rate after kidney transplantation
Authors: Orfanoudaki Agni , Cook Curtiss B. , Saghafian Soroush , Castro Janna , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Chakkera Harini A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionInpatient hyperglycemia is an established independent risk factor among several patient cohorts for hospital readmission. This has not been studied after kidney transplantation. Nearly one‐third of patients who have undergone a kidney transplant reportedly experience 30‐day readmission.MethodsData on first‐time solitary kidney transplantations were retrieved between September 2015 and December 2018. Information was linked to the electronic health records to determine diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and extract glucometric and insulin therapy data. Univariate logistic regression analysis and the XGBoost algorithm were used to predict 30‐day readmission. We report the average performance of the models on the testing set on bootstrapped partitions of the data to ensure statistical significance.ResultsThe cohort included 1036 patients who received kidney transplantation; 224 (22%) experienced 30‐day readmission. The machine learning algorithm was able to predict 30‐day readmission with an average area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 78% with (76.1%, 79.9%) 95% confidence interval (CI). We observed statistically significant differences in the presence of pretransplant diabetes, inpatient‐hyperglycemia, inpatient‐hypoglycemia, minimum and maximum glucose values among those with higher 30‐day readmission rates. The XGBoost model identified the index admission length of stay, presence of hyper‐ and hypoglycemia, the recipient and donor body mass index (BMI) values, presence of delayed graft function, and African American race as the most predictive risk factors of 30‐day readmission. Additionally, significant variations in the therapeutic management of blood glucose by providers were observed.ConclusionsSuboptimal glucose metrics during hospitalization after kidney transplantation are associated with an increased risk for 30‐day hospital readmission. Optimizing hospital blood glucose management, a modifiable factor, after kidney transplantation may reduce the risk of 30‐day readmission.
What drives the substitutability between native and foreign workers? Evidence about the role of language
Authors: Gentili Elena , Mazzonna Fabrizio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of language in determining the substitutability between foreign and native workers. Our identification strategy exploits the linguistic diversity of Switzerland, a country with three main official languages (German, French and Italian) shared by bordering countries. This makes the Swiss labour market very peculiar, since both immigrants and natives may (or may not) share the language spoken in the area of residence. We modify the standard nested‐cell labour demand model to account for the linguistic background of native and immigrant workers. We provide evidence about the central role of language in determining the extent of the imperfect substitutability between native and foreign workers, and their differential specialization in communication‐intensive jobs.
Chemotactic responses and parasitism of Trichogramma pretiosum after successive generations in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Vargas Camila Corrêa , Redaelli Luiza Rodrigues , Sant'Ana Josué , Leite Natália Alves 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTrichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an important parasitoid of lepidopteran pests. Its parasitism success is related to its foraging behavior, mediated by kairomones from its hosts. We aimed to evaluate the chemotactic responses and parasitism of T. pretiosum from Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs as well as the parasitoid maintained for three generations in Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs. Chemotactic responses of T. pretiosum from both hosts were evaluated in a dual choice olfactometer. Females were submitted to a choice between washed vs. unwashed eggs of E. kuehniella or S. frugiperda, as well as to unwashed eggs of both hosts. Egg extracts of both hosts were also contrasted with hexane and with each other. Parasitism of T. pretiosum exposed to eggs of the two species was also evaluated. Females from E. kuehniella were more attracted to odors from eggs of this host whenever it was present. Third generation parasitoids from S. frugiperda eggs were more attracted to eggs and egg extract of S. frugiperda than to those from E. kuehniella. The highest number of parasitized eggs and emerged parasitoids in S. frugiperda was observed in parasitoids coming from the third generation in this host. Therefore, imaginal conditioning could be an alternative to be considered for T. pretiosum learning before releasing, possibly optimizing its search and parasitism process in S. frugiperda eggs.
Flight capabilities of invasive yellowjacket Vespula germanica drones: the effect of kinship and nutrition
Authors: Porrino Agustina P. , Martínez Andrés S. , Villacide José M. , Masciocchi Maité 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDispersal is a multifactorial process which may influence, among several others, population dynamics, inbreeding likelihood, and mate competition. For species that disperse by flight, many studies have suggested that life‐history traits, such as body size or nutritional condition, could promote variation in flight capabilities and, consequently, on dispersal behavior. Eusocial hymenopterans are likely to experience high densities of related reproductive individuals near their nests, thus increasing probabilities of inbred matings and kin competition. Spatial segregation resulting from differences in flight capabilities of Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) nestmate drones could reduce interactions with kin, thus decrease inbreeding and kin competition. Our aim was to characterize, in the laboratory, flight capabilities of sibling drones and elucidate traits that could affect it, focusing on the relevance of carbohydrate intake (diets with different sugar concentration) during early adulthood. Our results indicate that in tethered flight mill assays, V. germanica drones have highly variable flight capabilities within and between nests, with most drones likely to remain relatively close to their nest of origin. The observed flight capabilities are affected by nutrition, with those individuals better nurtured (i.e., with higher nutritional index), flying farther distances. Additionally, diets with variable carbohydrate concentration provided during early adulthood did not affect flight capabilities (only those exposed to a carbohydrate‐free diet had reduced flight distances and speeds), suggesting that nutrition during larval stages is determinant for flight. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying V. germanica drone dispersal behavior which, in turn, might influence inbreeding likelihood in the species.
A mechanistic framework of enemy release
Authors: Brian Joshua I. , Catford Jane A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe enemy release hypothesis (ERH) is the best‐known hypothesis explaining high performance (e.g. rapid population growth) of exotic species. However, the current framing of the ERH does not explicitly link evidence of enemy release with exotic performance. This leads to uncertainty regarding the role of enemy release in biological invasions. Here, we demonstrate that the effect of enemy release on exotic performance is the product of three factors: enemy impact, enemy diversity, and host adaptation. These factors are modulated by seven contexts: time since introduction, resource availability, phylogenetic relatedness of exotic and native species, host–enemy asynchronicity, number of introduction events, type of enemy, and strength of growth–defence trade‐offs. ERH‐focused studies frequently test different factors under different contexts. This can lead to inconsistent findings, which typifies current evidence for the ERH. For example, over 80% of meta‐analyses fail to consider ecological contexts which can alter study findings; we demonstrate this by re‐analysing a recent ERH synthesis. Structuring the ERH around factors and contexts promotes generalisable predictions about when and where exotic species may benefit from enemy release, empowering effective management. Our mechanistic factor–context framework clearly lays out the evidence required to support the ERH, unifies many enemy‐related invasion hypotheses, and enhances predictive capacity.
Disease spectrum of myopathies with elevated aldolase and normal creatine kinase
Authors: Soontrapa Pannathat , Shahar Shelly , Eauchai Lattawat , Ernste Floranne C. , Liewluck Teerin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeElevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) or hyperCKemia is considered a biological marker of myopathies. However, selective elevation of serum aldolase with normal CK has been reported in a few myopathies, including dermatomyositis, immune‐mediated myopathy with perimysial pathology and fasciitis with associated myopathy. The aim was to investigate the disease spectrum of myopathies with isolated aldolase elevation.MethodsMedical records were reviewed to identify patients >18 years old seen between December 1994 and June 2020 who had pathologically proven myopathies with elevated aldolase and normal CK level. Patients with alternative causes of aldolase elevation were excluded.ResultsThirty‐four patients with various types of myopathies were identified. Myopathies were treatable in 27 patients. The three most common etiologies were dermatomyositis (n = 8), overlap myositis (n = 4) and nonspecific myopathy (n = 4). Perimysial pathology comprising inflammation, fragmentation, vasculitis, calcified perimysial vessels or extracellular amyloid deposition was found in 17/34 patients (50%). Eight dermatomyositis patients with selective elevated aldolase were compared to 24 sex‐ and age‐matched patients with dermatomyositis and hyperCKemia. Dermatomyositis patients with normal CK significantly (p < 0.05) had less frequent cutaneous involvement (50.0% vs. 100.0%) and fibrillation potentials (50.0% vs. 90.5%) but higher median erythrocyte sedimentation rate (33.5 vs. 13.5 mm/h) and more common perifascicular mitochondrial pathology (37.5% vs. 4.2%).ConclusionIsolated aldolase elevation can be found in a greater variety of myopathies than initially thought and most were treatable. Dermatomyositis is the most common myopathy with selective elevation of aldolase in our cohort, which features some unique characteristics compared to dermatomyositis with hyperCKemia.
Drivers of disease severity and burden of hidradenitis suppurativa: a cross‐sectional analysis on 553 German patients
Authors: Schultheis Michael , Grabbe Stephan , Staubach Petra , Hennig Katharina , Mauch Melanie , Burckhardt Marion , Langer Gero , Heise Marcus , Zamsheva Marina , Schollenberger Lukas , Strobel Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory disease of the inverse skin regions with an age peak at around 40 years and an estimated prevalence of 1%. Nodules and abscesses can develop into fistules and scarring, which cause severe pain. HS is a progressive, life‐defining disease that leads to physical limitations, inability to work, and social isolation. There is still little data on the drivers of disease severity and burden.MethodThe cross‐sectional study is based on the baseline data of 553 participants of the health care research project “EsmAiL,” which was carried out as a multicenter randomized controlled trial. It included adult HS‐patients presenting with at least three inflammatory lesions and at least a moderate impact on quality of life.ResultsDisease activity increases with age. Men are more severely affected than women but feel less burdened. Obesity negatively influences disease activity and disease burden. Affected individuals have a higher level of education than the age adjusted population, but the unemployment rate is significantly higher. Disease activity significantly reduces quality of life and promotes depression and anxiety.ConclusionsHS is a severe and debilitating dermatosis. As a result of the well‐established factors involved, HS requires a multi‐causal approach to management, in addition to medical and surgical treatment. This must take into account all available therapeutic options, as well as patient education to reduce risk factors and pain, and psychological support. HS requires interdisciplinary and multi‐professional care. To prevent disease progression, a structured treatment plan is needed.
BSHI and BTS UK guideline on the detection of alloantibodies in solid organ (and islet) transplantation
Authors: Battle Richard , Pritchard Deborah , Peacock Sarah , Hastie Catherine , Worthington Judith , Jordan Sue , McCaughlan Jennifer A , Barnardo Martin , Cope Rebecca , Collins Claire , Diaz‐Burlinson Natalia , Rosser Carla , Foster Luke , Kallon Delordson , Shaw Olivia , Briggs David , Turner David , Anand Arthi , Akbarzad‐Yousefi Arash , Sage Deborah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolid organ transplantation represents the best (and in many cases only) treatment option for patients with end‐stage organ failure. The effectiveness and functioning life of these transplants has improved each decade due to surgical and clinical advances, and accurate histocompatibility assessment. Patient exposure to alloantigen from another individual is a common occurrence and takes place through pregnancies, blood transfusions or previous transplantation. Such exposure to alloantigen's can lead to the formation of circulating alloreactive antibodies which can be deleterious to solid organ transplant outcome. The purpose of these guidelines is to update to the previous BSHI/BTS guidelines 2016 on the relevance, assessment, and management of alloantibodies within solid organ transplantation.
Different demands for almost the same assets? Demographic structure's different effect on direct and indirect equity purchase
Authors: Kim Sei‐Wan , Hyung Namwon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study is motivated by the improved empirical framework of the Fourier flexible form estimation to investigate how the demographic structure leads to asymmetric effects on direct and indirect (mutual fund) equity demands. We find that, first, the demographic structure has asymmetric effects between direct and indirect equity purchases. Second, those in early old age create a stronger demand for indirect equity than other age cohorts in the middle of declining demand from young period. Third, we find theoretical and empirical evidence that direct and indirect equity demands respond asymmetrically to market risk aversion. Finally, we find evidence that bonds can substitute for indirect equity.
COLOR CHANGES CAUSED BY SPECIFIED CHANGES IN THE ILLUMINANT
Authors: OHTA NOBORU , WYSZECKI GUNTER 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTNonlinear optimization techniques can be used to calculate the theoretical limits of color changes that can occur when the spectral power distribution of the illuminant is permitted to deviate from that of the standard illuminant by specified amounts. The study has a direct bearing on the problem of specifying tolerances for illuminants relative to a given standard illuminant used in colorimetry.
A VISUAL APPROACH TO CONTROLLING METAMERISM
Authors: LONGLEY WILLIAM V. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTAlthough it is emphasized that the proper practical approach to minimizing metamerism in industrial coloring processes is through spectrophotometry, rules are developed for selecting and, if necessary, blending colorants to control metamerism through a purely visual approach. Examples are taken from the vinyl plastics industry, and it is assumed that the match is to be made with a black, a white, and two chromatic pigments. With the approximate hues of all available chromatic pigments marked on a simple hue circle, a trial match to the standard is made. Rules are developed and illustrated for altering the selection of chromatic pigments to reduce metamerism, based on the change in color of the trial match relative to that of the standard as the light source is changed from daylight to tungsten or fluorescent light. With practice, compositions which are good visual matches to the standard in all three sources can be obtained.
ACCURACY OF REFLECTANCE SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND LINEARITY OF MULTIPLIERS
Authors: HOFFMANN K. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTWith modern reflectance spectrophotometers, using digital ratio recording, precision depends mainly on the linearity of the photomultipliers. A simple method is described, which allows the calibration of the multiplier response. It consists of a mirror assembly that uses a fraction of the measuring light for generating steps in the reflectance scale. From the step heights as a function of the reflectance, the multiplier response can be evaluated. Maximum deviations from linearity of ±0.3% were found for multipliers with S‐10 cathodes, and excellent linearity for multipliers with S‐20 cathodes.
Microstructural and thermal stress effects on mechanical properties of boron carbide particle‐reinforced silicon carbide
Authors: Shoulders William Taylor , Guziewski Matthew , Swab Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCeramic composites consisting of a silicon carbide matrix and boron carbide particles of various sizes and weight percentages were produced, characterized, and mechanically tested to elucidate the effect of microstructure on the mechanical response. All samples were observed to have flexural strength values lower than either of the constituent phases; however, blends with finer B4C particles (<10 μm) exhibited improved fracture toughness. Residual stresses from the mismatch in thermal expansion of the materials are found to be fundamental to these variations in mechanical response, resulting in either microcracking during processing or producing an initial stress state within the composite prior to testing. Microcracks were observed in samples with larger B4C particles (∼77 μm), causing a significant reduction in mechanical properties, while the finer B4C particles were found to be microcrack free. Residual stress measurements via X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy show increasing compressive stresses within the SiC matrix as the weight percentage of boron carbide increases, however both flexural strength and fracture toughness are found to decrease, indicating that the boron carbide particles that are in a tensile stress state are an important strength‐limiting feature. This is corroborated by fracture analysis. The results of both characterization and mechanical testing compare well with those predicted by micromechanics models.
Evolution of electrical, structural, and chemical properties of Li‐aluminosilicate glass during crystallization
Authors: Backhaus‐Ricoult Monika , Comte Monique , Francois Eric , Rezikyan Aram , Wheaton Bryan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStructural, chemical, and microstructural changes in lithium aluminum silicate glass during ceramming are tracked by in‐situ impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The glass’ electric and dielectric properties are found to evolve during the ceram cycle. Scaling of frequency‐dependent electrical conductivity and dielectric properties provides temperature‐independent information of bulk phases and interfaces in presence.The initial glass is an ion conductor with Li‐ion mobility following simple Arrhenius‐type behavior. At the nucleation onset, a badly defined, broad feature appears in the impedance spectra, that represents early‐stage nuclei with their interfaces and evolves over time into separate contributions from internal interfaces and ion mobility in crystalline phase. Impedance tracking suggests that nuclei form by de‐mixing and phase separation of the glass, first producing interfaces in a very defective structure before the well‐defined structure and chemistry of crystalline β‐quartz crystal develop in a second time. Findings are supported by XRD and TEM.