bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation‐induced graphitization and muscovite recrystallization in a ductile fault zone
Authors: Stokes M. Rebecca , Jubb Aaron M. , McAleer Ryan J. , Bish David L. , Wintsch Robert P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA suite of slate samples collected along a 2 km transect crossing the Lishan fault in central Taiwan were evaluated to assess the role of ductile deformation in natural graphitization at lower greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. The process of natural aromatization, or graphitization, of an organic precursor is well established as a thermally driven process; however, experimental studies have shown that the energy provided by deformation can substantially reduce the activation energy required for graphitization. This study provides a natural example of deformation‐induced graphitization. A strain gradient approaching the Lishan fault was established by scanning electron microscope imaging and X‐ray diffraction analysis of phyllosilicates and quartz that showed an increase in the strength of slaty cleavage development via dissolution‐precipitation processes. Thermal conditions were constrained to be near isothermal using calcite‐dolomite geothermometry. Raman spectroscopic results from carbonaceous material, including D1‐full width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM), G‐FWHM, Raman band separation (RBS), and a lesser‐known vibrational mode B2g‐FWHM, showed robust linear trends across the same sampling transect. However, the G‐FWHM parameter showed a trend opposite of that expected from thermally driven graphitization. The Raman results are interpreted to reflect a strain‐driven reduction in graphite crystallite size (decrease in G‐FWHM) but improvement in structural ordering in individual coherent domains. A multiple linear regression with an R2 value of 0.92 predicts the graphite D1‐FWHM values from the XRD‐derived ratio of muscovite populations and muscovite microstrain, demonstrating the concomitant recrystallization of silicates and carbonaceous material across the strain gradient, despite the disparate processes accommodating the deformation. This study demonstrates the role of deformation in natural graphitization and provides a new perspective on the use of graphite as a geothermometer in strongly deformed greenschist facies rocks.
Flexible implementation of modulated localisation microscopy based on DMD
Authors: Illand Abigail , Jouchet Pierre , Fort Emmanuel , Lévêque‐Fort Sandrine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLocalisation microscopy of individual molecules allows one to bypass the diffraction limit, revealing cellular organisation on a nanometric scale. This method, which relies on spatial analysis of the signal emitted by molecules, is often limited to the observation of biological objects at shallow depths, or with very few aberrations. The introduction of a temporal parameter into the localisation process through a time‐modulated excitation was recently proposed to address these limitations. This method, called ModLoc, is demonstrated here with an alternative flexible strategy. In this implementation, to encode the time‐modulated excitation a digital micromirror device (DMD) is used in combination with a fast demodulation approach, and provides a twofold enhancement in localisation precision.Layout: Nowadays, we can use an optical microscope to observe how proteins are organised in 3D within a cell at the nanoscale. By carefully controlling the emission of molecules in both space and time, we can overcome the limitations set by the diffraction limit. This allows us to pinpoint the exact location of molecules more precisely. However, the usual spatial analysis method limits observations to shallow depths or causing low distortion of optical waves.To overcome these restrictions, a recent approach introduces a temporal element to the localisation process. This involves changing the illumination over time to enhance the precision of localisation. This method, known as ModLoc, is showcased here using a flexible and alternative strategy. In this setup, a matrix of micrometric mirrors, working together with a fast demodulation optical module, is used to encode and decode the time‐modulated information. This combination results in a twofold improvement in localisation precision.
আড্ডা With Ahmed: An Expanded Online Exchange & Misconnection
Authors: Hummel Kathryn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract‘আড্ডা with Ahmed: an expanded online exchange & misconnection’ is a reflexive interpretation of a DM conversation between the author and Ahmed, their Bangladesh‐based friend, presented as both text and imagetext video (Mitchell, 1994). The article examines the meaning and practice of the Bangladeshi pastime of adda/chatting in a digital context, while exploring the complexities of cultural, interpersonal and technological hybridity. Through excerpts from their adda, the author and Ahmed touch upon various themes, including cultural identity, politics, gender, and the challenges of cross‐cultural communication. Their conversations reveal a dynamic interplay between agreement and disagreement, offering glimpses into their subjective experiences and perspectives. While adda contains the potential to transcend cultural boundaries and foster new forms of connection and understanding, the asynchronous nature of the exchange, coupled with linguistic limitations and enculturated modes of expression, troubles the interpretation of meaning and growth of understanding between the correspondents. While the article acknowledges the unresolvable nature of certain misconnections, online ‘adda’ is portrayed as space for curiosity, exploration, remembrance, and the coexistence of diverse perspectives and interpretations.
E‐CADERIN, N‐CADERIN, SLUG, SNAIL, and TWIST contribute to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in salivary gland tumors
Authors: de Santana Dandara Andrade , Braga Poliana Ramos , Camillo‐Coutinho Cláudia Malheiros , Freitas Valéria Souza , Cury Patrícia Ramos , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , de Araújo Iguaracyra Barreto , de Aquino Xavier Flávia Caló , dos Santos Jean Nunes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTranscription factors are important in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process and are possibly related to the development of a more invasive tumor phenotype. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the expression and identify the localization of cellular markers related to the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process in salivary gland tumors.Study DesignThe expression and localization of E‐CADERIN, N‐CADERIN, SLUG, SNAIL, and TWIST were evaluated, using immunohistochemistry, in 48 salivary gland tumors, being 17 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 14 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), and 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC). these proteins were compared to clinical and histopathologic parameters. normal gland tissues were included for immunohistochemical comparisons.ResultsACC and MEC cases showed higher expression of SNAIL compared to PA. MEC showed high expression of SLUG and TWIST. Low expression of N‐CADHERIN, SNAIL, and TWIST in ACC was frequent in T3 and T4. High expression of TWIST in MEC was more frequent at age ≥ 40 years A positive correlation was only observed between N‐cadherin/SNAIL in ACC, between SNAIL/TWIST in MEC, and between SLUG/TWIST in PA.ConclusionThis study provided insight into EMT‐related proteins (E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST) and their contribution to the maintenance of morphogenesis and the development of the salivary gland tumors and showed a positive correlation among N‐CADHERIN/SNAIL in ACC and SNAIL/TWIST in MEC.
Effect of in‐ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, serum antioxidant levels, muscle gene expression and intestinal development of broiler chicks
Authors: El‐Shater Saad N. , Abo‐EL‐Sooud Khaled , Tolba Ayman , Gamal Mahmoud , Awad Mohamed A. , Ibrahim Moataz , Tayeh Mahmoud , Swielim Gamal A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of in‐ovo inoculation of betaine on hatchability, hatching weight, and intestinal development, as well as serum and expression levels of some antioxidants in the posthatched chicks. A total of 350 fertile eggs of Hubbard efficiency plus breeder's flock were incubated at normal incubation temperature (37.5°C) and randomly assembled into 3 groups with 4 replicates, and 25 eggs per each. The experimental groups were allocated as noninjected control group (CN), diluent‐injected group (CP, 0.1 mL saline), and betaine‐injected group (B, 2.5 mg in 0.1 mL saline). The injections were performed in the air cells of the eggs on the 12th day of the embryonic phase. Hatchability percentage, hatching weight, serum‐reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in 7‐day‐old chicks. Moreover, expression levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and SOD were determined in the breast skeletal muscles of chicks. Jejunum histo‐morphometric analysis was assessed with computerised morphometric measurements. The results revealed that the hatchability percentage was not influenced by in‐ovo injection of betaine or vehicle while betaine significantly increased the hatchling's weight of chicks. Moreover, there were a significant increase in SOD and Nrf2 mRNA expression levels. In‐ovo injection of betaine significantly induced positive effects on intestinal morphometry by ameliorating the jejunal villus length, the ratio of villus height to villus width, and absorptive surface area.
Guidelines for the development, performance evaluation and validation of new sleep technologies (DEVSleepTech guidelines) – a protocol for a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Pires Gabriel Natan , Arnardóttir Erna S. , Bailly Sébastien , McNicholas Walter T. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryNew sleep technologies are being developed, refined and delivered at a fast pace. However, there are serious concerns about the validation and accuracy of new sleep‐related technologies being made available, as many of them, especially consumer‐sleep technologies, have not been tested in comparison with gold‐standard methods or have been approved by health regulatory agencies. The importance of proper validation and performance evaluation of new sleep technologies has already been discussed in previous studies and some recommendations have already been published, but most of them do not employ standardized methodology and are not able to cover all aspects of new sleep technologies. The current protocol describes the methods of a Delphi consensus study to create guidelines for the development, performance evaluation and validation of new sleep devices and technologies. The resulting recommendations are not intended to be used as a quality assessment tool to evaluate individual articles, but rather to evaluate the overall procedures, studies and experiments performed to develop, evaluate performance and validate new technologies. We hope these guidelines can be helpful for researchers who work with new sleep technologies on the appraisal of their reliability and validation, for companies who are working on the development and refinement of new sleep technologies, and by regulatory agencies to evaluate new technologies that are looking for registration, approval or inclusion on health systems.
Sleepy without stimulation: subjective and objective sleepiness in actigraphy‐verified natural short sleepers
Authors: Curtis Brian J. , McKinney Ty L. , Euler Matthew , Anderson Jeffrey S. , Baron Kelly G. , Smith Timothy W. , Williams Paula G. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryNatural short sleepers (NSS)—individuals who report minimal sleepiness or daytime dysfunction despite habitually sleeping less than the recommended amount (i.e., <7 h)—are a focus of growing interest in sleep research. Yet, the predominance of research on NSS has relied on subjective reports of functionality. The present study examined subjective and objective sleepiness among actigraphy‐verified NSS in comparison with recommended (7–9 h/day) length sleepers (RLS) who reported similarly minimal daytime dysfunction. The study tested the hypothesis that under conditions of low environmental stimulation, NSS have increased risk of drowsiness and sleep onset, regardless of perceived alertness. The NSS and RLS groups were identified via screening and verified with a 14 day assessment with actigraphy, sleep diaries, and morning ratings of sleep restoration. In‐laboratory resting electroencephalography (EEG) data were analysed using a computerised EEG‐based algorithm (Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig; VIGALL) to classify second‐by‐second changes in objective sleepiness ranging from cognitively active alertness to sleep onset. Results demonstrated that NSS exhibited significantly higher drowsiness and sleep onset (‘microsleeps’) across 15 min of resting EEG despite perceptions of lower subjective sleepiness compared to RLS. Findings suggest that irrespective of perceived sleep restoration and alertness, NSS appear to be at high risk of objective sleepiness that is rapidly unmasked under conditions of low environmental stimulation. Such apparent discrepancy between subjective and objective sleepiness has potentially important public health implications. Future research directions, including tests of mechanisms and tailored sleep extension intervention, are discussed.
Naïve Markowitz policies
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhou Xun Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study a continuous‐time Markowitz mean–variance portfolio selection model in which a naïve agent, unaware of the underlying time‐inconsistency, continuously reoptimizes over time. We define the resulting naïve policies through the limit of discretely naïve policies that are committed only in very small time intervals, and derive them analytically and explicitly. We compare naïve policies with pre‐committed optimal policies and with consistent planners' equilibrium policies in a Black–Scholes market, and find that the former achieve higher expected terminal returns than originally planned yet are mean–variance inefficient when the risk aversion level is sufficiently small, and always take strictly riskier exposure than equilibrium policies. We finally define an efficiency ratio for comparing return–risk tradeoff with the same original level of risk aversion, and show that naïve policies are always strictly less efficient than pre‐committed and equilibrium policies.
Assessing the dynamics of common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) mother‐calf pairs along the south coast of Portugal using unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Castro Joana , Cid André , Quirin Alicia , Matos Fábio L. , Rosa Rui , Pearson Heidi C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMaternal grouping dynamics involve trade‐offs between: (1) infant protection from predation (predation hypothesis), (2) infant protection from male harassment (infant safety hypothesis), and (3) reducing scramble competition for prey resources (foraging‐type scramble competition hypothesis). Using unmanned aerial vehicles, we assessed grouping dynamics in common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) groups containing mother‐calf pairs to address these hypotheses. We analyzed social aspects and structural group elements using generalized additive mixed models and modeled group formation using multinomial generalized estimating equations. Calf proportion was higher in very compact groups and in groups of 10–20 individuals but decreased in larger groups. The frequency of socio‐sexual behaviors increased in larger groups and decreased in groups with higher calf proportion. Calf distance to its nearest neighbor decreased with increasing group size and cohesion. With a higher proportion of calves, scatter (versus parallel) formation was less frequent. A calf's nearest neighbor was most often (55.4%) a nonmother. Calves showed a preference for being in the front center of the group. These results offer strong support for the predation and infant safety hypotheses and partial support for the foraging‐type scramble competition hypothesis. This work provides insight into the adaptive function of maternal strategies in a small delphinid.
UvHOS3‐mediated histone deacetylation is essential for virulence and negatively regulates ustilaginoidin biosynthesis in Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Wang Bo , Duan Guohua , Liu Ling , Long Zhaoyi , Bai Xiaolong , Ou Mingming , Wang Peiying , Jiang Du , Li Dayong , Sun Wenxian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUstilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of rice false smut, which has recently become one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. Ustilaginoidins, a major type of mycotoxins produced in false smut balls, greatly deteriorates grain quality. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are involved in regulating secondary metabolism in fungi. However, little is yet known on the functions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis in U. virens. Here, we characterized the functions of the HDAC UvHOS3 in U. virens. The ΔUvhos3 deletion mutant exhibited the phenotypes of retarded growth, increased mycelial branches and reduced conidiation and virulence. The ΔUvhos3 mutants were more sensitive to sorbitol, sodium dodecyl sulphate and oxidative stress/H2O2. ΔUvhos3 generated significantly more ustilaginoidins. RNA‐Seq and metabolomics analyses also revealed that UvHOS3 is a key negative player in regulating secondary metabolism, especially mycotoxin biosynthesis. Notably, UvHOS3 mediates deacetylation of H3 and H4 at H3K9, H3K18, H3K27 and H4K8 residues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that UvHOS3 regulates mycotoxin biosynthesis, particularly for ustilaginoidin and sorbicillinoid production, by modulating the acetylation level of H3K18. Collectively, this study deepens the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the HDAC UvHOS3 in regulating virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis in phytopathogenic fungi.
Change in the molecular properties of CH1641 prions after transmission to wild‐type mice: Evidence for a single strain
Authors: van Keulen Lucien J. M. , Dolstra Corry H. , Vries Ruth Bossers‐de , Bossers Alex , Jacobs Jorg G. , Baron Thierry , Torres Juan Maria , Langeveld Jan P. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimCH1641 was discovered in 1970 as a scrapie isolate that was unlike all other classical strains of scrapie isolated so far. We performed bio‐assays of CH1641 in mice in order to further characterise this specific isolate.MethodsWe inoculated the original CH1641 isolate into ovine and bovine prion protein (PrP) transgenic mice as well as wild‐type mice. In addition, we performed cross‐ and back passages between the various mouse lines to examine if one identical prion strain was isolated in all mouse lines or whether multiple prion strains exist in CH1641.ResultsWe report the first successful transmission of CH1641 to wild‐type RIII mice and via RIII mice to wild‐type VM mice. Unexpectedly, analysis of the protease‐resistant prion protein (PrPres) in wild‐type mice showed a classical scrapie banding pattern differing from the banding pattern of the original CH1641 isolate. Cross‐ and back passages of CH1641 between the various mouse lines confirmed that the same prion strain had been isolated in all mouse lines.ConclusionsThe CH1641 isolate consists of a single prion strain but its molecular banding pattern of PrPres differs between wild‐type mice and PrP transgenic mice. Consequently, molecular banding patterns of PrPres should be used with caution in strain typing since they do not solely depend on the properties of the prion strain but also on the host prion protein.
Supporting each other towards independence: A narrative analysis of first‐year nursing students' collaborative process
Authors: Stenberg Marie , Bengtsson Mariette , Mangrio Elisabeth , Carlson Elisabeth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCollaboration for nursing is a core competence and therefore educational interventions are essentials for collaborative skills. To identify such interventions, we carried out a study to understand nursing students' collaborative process. A narrative inquiry method was used to explore the collaborative process of first‐year undergraduate nursing students. The analysis was conducted on field notes from 70 h of observation of 87 nursing students' collaboration during skills lab activities. It also included transcriptions of four focus group discussions with 11 students. The results are presented as a sequential process of (1) navigating in unfamiliar territory, (2) navigating together to cope, and (3) navigating together towards independency and the future nursing profession. We identified a transition from teacher‐led assistance and guidance to student interdependency and reciprocal learning, ending with student‐led assistance supporting independency. In line with Vygotsky's theory of zone of proximal development, different scaffolding interventions are needed depending on where the students are in the collaborative process.
Mechanisms of cone sensitivity loss in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Simunovic Matthew P. , Mammo Zaid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore the mechanisms of cone sensitivity loss in retinitis pigmentosa by combining two‐colour perimetry with threshold versus intensity (tvi) testing.MethodsSeven subjects with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and 10 normal subjects were recruited and underwent perimetric testing of one eye using 480‐ and 640‐nm Goldman size V targets presented under scotopic conditions (no background illumination) and against a white background ranging in luminance from −1.5 to 2 log cd m−2 in 0.5 log cd m−2 steps. Data were fitted with tvi functions of the form logT = logT0 + log ((A + A0)/A0)n, where T is the threshold, T0 is the absolute threshold, A is the background intensity, A0 is the ‘dark–light’ constant and n is a gain constant.ResultsReliable tvi functions could not be obtained within the region of the visual field corresponding to loss of the ellipsoid zone on optical coherence tomography. At fixation, changes in both T0 and A0 were observed, consistent with a d1 mechanism loss, which resulted in an upwards and rightwards shift of the tvi function. Losses at [±3°, ±3°] demonstrated changes in T0, consistent with a d3 mechanism loss, resulting in an upwards translation of the tvi curve.ConclusionsAlthough the absolute cone threshold was elevated at each location, shifts in the tvi function (so‐called d1 mechanism loss) at fixation minimise threshold elevation in the presence of white adapting backgrounds, such as those typically employed in standard two‐colour perimetry. At more peripheral testing locations, changes in threshold occurred independent of background luminance (so‐called d3 mechanism loss). These findings suggest that backgrounds which selectively adapt rods while maintaining cones at, or near, absolute threshold may be preferable to conventional two‐colour perimetry for assessing loss of cone sensitivity, especially at the point of fixation.