bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planelike minimizers in periodic media
Authors: Caffarelli Luis A. , de la Llave Rafael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe show that given an elliptic integrand 𝒥 in ℝd that is periodic under integer translations, and given any plane in ℝd, there is at least one minimizer of 𝒥 that remains at a bounded distance from this plane. This distance can be bounded uniformly on the planes. We also show that, when folded back to ℝd/ℤd, the minimizers we construct give rise to a lamination. One particular case of these results is minimal surfaces for metrics invariant under integer translations.The same results hold for other functionals that involve volume terms (small and average zero). In such a case the minimizers satisfy the prescribed mean curvature equation. A further generalization allows the formulation and proof of similar results in manifolds other than the torus provided that their fundamental group and universal cover satisfy some hypotheses. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An analysis of the Perona‐Malik scheme
Authors: Esedoḡlu Selim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigate how the Perona‐Malik scheme evolves piecewise smooth initial data in one dimension. By scaling a natural parameter that appears in the scheme in an appropriate way with respect to the grid size, we obtain a meaningful continuum limit. The resulting evolution can be seen as the gradient flow for an energy, just as the discrete evolutions are gradient flows for discrete energies. It involves, except at special isolated times, solving a system of heat equations coupled to each other through nonlinear boundary conditions. At the special times, the solutions experience gradient blowup; nevertheless, there is a natural continuation for the solutions beyond these singular times. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A temporal object‐oriented model for digital libraries of documents
Authors: Aramburu Cabo M. J. , Berlanga Llavori R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a model for the representation and retrieval of structured documents considering their temporal properties. The purpose of this model is to serve as a platform for the development of digital library applications. Thus, it consists of both a new data model and a query language that are specially adapted to the requirements of these applications. The main elements of the data model are a flexible type system for structured documents, and two temporal dimensions that represent the temporal properties of documents and the evolution of the database schema. As for its query language, it allows the retrieval of documents by specifying conditions on their structure, contents and temporal properties. This query language has been designed for exploiting the temporal information stored into a large digital library, making possible to relate document contents in time, as well as to analyse the evolution of topics. The paper also includes some guidelines for the efficient implementation of databases of structured documents by adopting the proposed data and query models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy adherence scale: inter‐rater reliability, adherence to protocol and treatment distinctiveness
Authors: Segal Zindel V. , Teasdale John D. , Williams J. Mark , Gemar Michael C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of the Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy Adherence Scale (MBCT‐AS) is described. This 17‐item scale measures therapist adherence to the treatment protocol for Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), a treatment for the prevention of recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. The MBCT‐AS assesses therapist behaviours specific to (MBCT) as well as therapy practices that MBCT shares with Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). To determine the utility of this scale, we compared delivery of group MBCT against group CBT, with independent ratings of taped sessions provided to measure adherence to MBCT and CBT for therapists in both groups. The results showed that: (a) raters can reliably use the MBCT‐AS; (b) MBCT therapists demonstrated adherence to the treatment protocol, as measured by the MBCT‐AS; and (c) MBCT is distinguishable from CBT on both the MBCT‐AS and a scale measuring adherence to CBT (CBT‐AS). These findings indicate that the MBCT‐AS may be a useful tool for ensuring the proper delivery of MBCT in future research, and may be helpful in determining the elements of MBCT that are unique to that treatment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorylation at threonine‐18 in addition to phosphorylation at serine‐19 on myosin‐II regulatory light chain is a mitosis‐specific event
Authors: Gerashchenko Bogdan I. , Ueda Kozue , Hino Mizuki , Hosoya Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundCell division is an inevitable and vitally indispensable event in cell life, when the nucleus and cytoskeleton undergo profound reorganization. Cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) is known to occur immediately after the end of nuclear division, when the nuclear envelope breaks down, and chromosomes condense and segregate, but its driving mechanism remains enigmatic. Myosin, particularly myosin‐II, is thought to be required for cytokinesis as a force‐generating element, the activity of which is mainly regulated through phosphorylations on its 20‐kDa regulatory light chains (RLCs).Materials and MethodsMultiparameter flow cytometric analysis was performed on fixed HeLa S3 cells (suspension culture cells) sequentially stained with the polyclonal antibody (termed PP1) against both phosphorylated sites (serine‐19 and threonine‐18) on the RLC, and with propidium iodide for DNA. “Positive” cells were sorted, followed by their microscopic examination. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to visualize the cell‐cycle‐dependent distribution of immunolabeled diphosphorylated RLCs in both HeLa S3 and adherent HeLa cells.Results and ConclusionsDoubly phosphorylated myosin RLCs were highly expressed in mitotic cells, suggesting the positive regulatory role of diphosphorylation in the redistribution of RLCs between daughter cells and then in cytokinesis. The increased immunofluorescence signal from the phosphorylated forms of RLC, together with flow cytometry, provides a clue with which to investigate the mechnisms governing the function of nonmuscle myosins during various cell motile events, including cytokinesis. Cytometry 47:150–157, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of automated microscopy for the detection of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow samples
Authors: Borgen Elin , Naume Bjørn , Nesland Jahn M. , Nowels Kent W. , Pavlak Nancy , Ravkin Ilya , Goldbard Simon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of automated microscopy has reached the maturity necessary for its routine use in the clinical pathology laboratory. In the following study we compared the performance of an automated microscope system (MDS™) with manual method for the detection and analysis of disseminated tumor cells present in bone marrow preparations from breast carcinoma patients. The MDS System detected rare disseminated tumor cells among bone marrow mononuclear cells with higher sensitivity than standard manual microscopy. Automated microscopy also proved to be a method of high reproducibility and precision, the advantage of which was clearly illustrated by problems of variability in manual screening. Accumulated results from two pathologists who had screened 120 clinical slides from breast cancer patients both by manual microscopy and by use of the MDS System revealed only two (3.8%) missed by the automatic procedure, whereas as many as 20 out of 52 positive samples (38%) were missed by manual screening. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:215–221, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of intraoperative consultation touch preparations
Authors: Liu Yulin , Silverman Jan F. , Sturgis Charles D. , Brown Henry G. , Dabbs David J. , Raab Stephen S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough intraoperative touch preparations (TPs) often are performed in conjunction with frozen sections, the comfort level of using TPs in actual practice and the effect of TP quality and cytologic experience on diagnostic accuracy have not been measured. To investigate the utility of intraoperative TPs and to compare them with that of frozen sections, five pathologists of differing levels of cytologic experience retrospectively reviewed 122 intraoperative TPs and frozen sections. Accuracy rates for individual pathologists were calculated and the accuracy using TPs was compared to that of frozen sections. TP accuracy was correlated with TP quality and cytologic experience. The mean rates of correct, incorrect, and atypical TP diagnoses were 88.5%, 4.1%, and 7.4%, respectively. The mean rates of correct, incorrect, and deferred frozen section diagnoses were 86.1%, 2.5%, and 11.9%, respectively. For the four pathologists with cytologic experience, both TP and frozen section diagnostic accuracy rates were similar; however, the pathologist who lacked cytologic experience had lower TP diagnostic accuracy. All pathologists who had cytologic experience requested a frozen section for cases with an atypical or incorrect TP diagnosis. In cases with a correct TP diagnosis a frozen section was requested 46.3% of the time. TPs of greater technical quality were associated with higher diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, the use of performing TP and frozen section are complementary and result in increased diagnostic accuracy. For some pathologists, TPs may replace frozen sections in over 50% of cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:329–333. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic predictors of papillary carcinoma on fine‐needle aspiration of thyroid with ThinPrep® preparations
Authors: Zhang Yilin , Fraser Jean L. , Wang Helen H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the cytologic features of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid are well‐known, none is entirely specific. We conducted this study to determine the minimal criteria necessary to achieve 100% specificity for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). Forty patients with histologically confirmed papillary carcinoma and 17 patients with other thyroid lesions who underwent preoperative FNA at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center during a 4‐yr period were included in the study. All cytology slides were prepared with the ThinPrep® processing technique. Various architectural and nuclear features were evaluated, with a score assigned to each feature, and correlated with the histologic diagnosis of papillary carcinoma. Intranuclear inclusions, papillary and/or sheet arrangements, nuclear grooves, powdery chromatin, nuclear molding, high cellularity, and small nucleoli were significantly associated with papillary carcinoma (P < 0.05). The requirement of any intranuclear inclusions and many nuclear grooves, or a minimum of sum of scores (of the above eight features) of 10, yields 100% specificity and approximately 70% sensitivity. Cases with fewer features can be reported as suspicious or indeterminate for papillary carcinoma. A quantitative/probabilistic approach in the reporting of thyroid FNA provides a practical guide for management of patients with thyroid nodules. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:378–383, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovery and recognition of purine receptor subtypes on platelets
Authors: Hourani Susanna M.O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of purines on platelets have been known since the 1960s, when Born demonstrated aggregation induced by ADP and its inhibition by adenosine and by ATP. The inhibition by adenosine is not specific for ADP, and adenosine acts at a separate receptor to stimulate adenylate cyclase, which has an inhibitory effect on platelet function. Studies using selective agonists and antagonists have shown that the platelet receptor is of the A2A subtype and this has been confirmed using A2A knockout mice. The situation with ADP is more complex, and there has been controversy about the number of ADP receptors on platelets. ADP causes shape change, aggregation, mobilisation of calcium from intracellular stores, rapid calcium influx, and inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and the relationship between these is becoming clearer. Two cloned P2 receptors have been detected on platelets, P2X1 and P2Y1, and a third P2Y receptor is thought to exist. The P2X1 receptor is responsible for the rapid calcium influx and can be activated by ATP as well as by ADP, but is likely to be desensitised under normal experimental conditions and its pathophysiological role is uncertain. The P2Y1 receptor is responsible for calcium mobilisation, shape change, and the initiation of aggregation, and these responses are abolished in P2Y1 knockout mice, while the other P2Y receptor is responsible for inhibition of adenylate cyclase and is required for full aggregation. ATP is a competitive antagonist at both these P2Y receptors, while some nucleotide analogues can discriminate between them. Drug Dev. Res. 52:140–149, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress‐induced sickness behaviors: An alternative hypothesis for responses during maternal separation
Authors: Hennessy Michael B. , Deak Terrence , Schiml‐Webb Patricia A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring maternal separation, some primate and nonprimate species show a biphasic (active/passive) response. The second stage is characterized by reduced activity, a hunched body posture, and other behaviors. Traditionally, the second stage has been referred to as “despair” and is considered an animal model for human depression. Recent research in psychoneuroimmunology suggests an alternative hypothesis—that behaviors occurring during the second passive phase represent stress‐induced “sickness behaviors.” This perspective more readily accounts for findings in widely divergent species, does not require assumptions regarding the ability to express complex emotional states, is empirically testable, and aligns the separation model with recent hypotheses regarding the nature and ontogeny of depressive illness. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 76–83, 2001
The effect of early specific feeding on food conditioning in cats
Authors: Stasiak Maciej 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour cats were fed with beef only (beef cats) and 4 cats were fed with tuna only (tuna cats) during the first 6 months of their lives. Thus, they were deprived of a variety of food tastes. The cats then were trained in instrumental conditioning. After criterion performance was achieved, they were retrained with alternated food: In the beef cats, tuna was used, and in tuna cats, beef was used. There were six stages with alternated food. The beef cats acquired a pushing response markedly slower than the tuna cats because they often refused to eat the beef reward. Moreover, both the beef and the tuna cats preferred tuna in stages with alternated food. In contrast, there was no difference in attractiveness between beef or tuna in another 4 cats nondeprived of a variety of food tastes. Hence, early deprivation of a variety of food tastes may reveal an inborn food preference. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 207–215, 2001
A critical period for functional vestibular development in zebrafish
Authors: Moorman Stephen J. , Cordova Rodolfo , Davies Sarah A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have determined a critical period for vestibular development in zebrafish by using a bioreactor designed by NASA to simulate microgravity for cells in culture. A critical period is defined as the briefest period of time during development when stimulus deprivation results in long lasting or permanent sensory deficits. Zebrafish eggs were collected within 3 hours of being laid and fertilized. In experiment 1, eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 3, 24, 30, 36, 48, or 72 hours postfertilization (hPF) and maintained in the bioreactor until 96 hPF. In experiment 2, eggs were placed in the bioreactor immediately after they were collected and maintained in the bioreactor until 24, 36, 48, 60, 66, 72, or 96 hPF. Beginning at 96 hPF, all larvae had their vestibulo‐ocular reflexes (VOR) evaluated once each day for 5 days. Only larvae that hatched from eggs that were placed in the bioreactor before 30 hPF in experiment 1 or removed from the bioreactor later than 66 hPF in experiment 2 had VOR deficits that persisted for at least 5 days. These data suggest a critical period for vestibular development in the zebrafish that begins before 30 hPF and ends after 66 hPF. To confirm this, zebrafish eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 24 hPF and removed at 72 hPF. VORs were evaluated in these larvae once each day for 5 days beginning at 96 hPF. These larvae had VOR deficits that persisted for at least 5 days. In addition, larvae that had been maintained in the bioreactor from 24 to 66 hPF or from 30 to 72 hPF, had only temporary VOR deficits. In a final experiment, zebrafish eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 3 hPF and removed at 96 hPF but the bioreactor was turned off from 24 hPF to 72 hPF. These larvae had normal VORs when they were removed from the bioreactor at 96 hPF. Taken as a whole, these data support the idea that there is a critical period for functional maturation of the zebrafish vestibular system. The developmental period identified includes the timeframe during which the vestibular primary afferent neurons are born, innervate their central and peripheral targets, and remodel their central projections. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atlas of the developing inner ear in zebrafish
Authors: Bever Michele Miller , Fekete Donna M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report provides a description of the normal developing inner ear of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, with special focus on the pars inferior. Zebrafish specimens, ranging in age from 3 to 30 days postfertilization (dpf), were processed for standard histologic sections or with a paint‐fill method to show three‐dimensional morphogenesis of the membranous labyrinth. Adult zebrafish (age 2 years) were also processed for inner ear paint‐fills. Although development of the semicircular canals occurs rapidly (by 3 dpf), the pars inferior develops more gradually during days 5–20 postfertilization. A rudimentary endolymphatic duct emerges by 8 dpf. Differentiated hair cells of the lagenar macula are evident by 15 dpf, in a chamber located lateral and posterior to the saccule. By 20 dpf, the saccule itself is separated from the utricle, but remains connected by means of the utriculosaccular foramen. The maculae neglectae, each with differentiated hair cells, lie on the floor of the utricle near this foramen. A medial connection between the sacculi of right and left ears, the transverse canal, is also complete by 20 dpf. A ridge of mesenchyme, previously undescribed, bisects the saccule in zebrafish fry at 20–30 dpf. The images in the paint‐fill atlas should provide a baseline for future studies of mutant zebrafish ears. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the zebrafish inner ear
Authors: Whitfield Tanya T. , Riley Bruce B. , Chiang Ming‐Yung , Phillips Bryan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbstractRecent years have seen a renaissance of investigation into the mechanisms of inner ear development. Genetic analysis of zebrafish has contributed significantly to this endeavour, with several dramatic advances reported over the past year or two. Here, we review the major findings from recent work in zebrafish. Several cellular and molecular mechanisms have been elucidated, including the signaling pathways controlling induction of the otic placode, morphogenesis and patterning of the otic vesicle, and elaboration of functional attributes of inner ear. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous electric current is associated with normal development of the vertebrate limb
Authors: Altizer Alicia M. , Moriarty Loren J. , Bell Sheila M. , Schreiner Claire M. , Scott William J. , Borgens Richard B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA steady ionic current is driven out of both developing and regenerating amphibian limbs. In the developing limbs of anurans and urodeles, focal outwardly directed current (0.5–2 μA/cm2) predicts the location of mesenchyme accumulations producing the early bud. Here, we report measurements of a similar outwardly directed ionic current associated with the development of the limb bud in the mouse and chick embryo by using a noninvasive, self‐referencing electrode for the measurement of extracellular current. In both the mouse and chick embryo, flank currents were usually inwardly directed — the direction of Na+ uptake by ectoderm. Outward currents associated with the mouse limb bud ranged from 0.04–10.8 μA/cm2. Mouse limb bud and flank currents were similar to those measured in amphibian larvae, because they were reversibly collapsed and/or reversed by application of 30 μM amiloride, a Na+ channel blocker. Unlike the amphibian embryos, flank ectoderm adjacent to the mouse limb bud in the anterior/posterior axis was usually associated with outwardly directed ionic current. This raises the possibility of a different, or changing, gradient of extracellular voltage experienced by mesenchyme cells in this plane of development than that observed in other regions of the limb bud. In the chick flank caudal to the somites, a striking reversal of the inwardly directed flank currents to very large (∼100 μA/cm2) outwardly directed currents occurred three developmental stages before limb bud formation. We tested the relevance of this outwardly directed ionic current to limb formation in the chick embryo by reversing it by using an artificially applied “countercurrent” pulled through a microelectrode inserted just beneath the caudal ectoderm of the embryo. This application was performed for approximately 6 hr 2.5–3 developmental stages before hindlimb bud formation. This method resulted in abnormal limb formation by the tenth day of gestation in some embryos, whereas all control embryos developed normally. These data suggest an early physiological control of limb development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.