bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of diluted vs concentrated regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Mateos‐Dávila Almudena , Betbesé Roig Antonio Jorge , Santos Rodríguez José Alberto , Guix‐Comellas Eva Maria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of coagulation of continuous renal replacement therapy circuits remains high. To the best of our knowledge, no scholar has published a protocol to avoid management errors when different types of citrates coexist in the same Intensive Care Unit.AimTo assess the safety and efficacy of the unification of two protocols with different concentrations of citrate solution.Study DesingA prospective, quasi‐experimental study was carried out in the intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital (in Barcelona, Spain), over 3 years. Consecutive adult patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy with citrate were included. The sample was divided into two groups, a control group (concentrated citrate) and an intervention group (diluted citrate). The decision to initiate anticoagulation with diluted (18 mmol/L) or concentrated (136 mmol/L) citrate was made based on the machine available and the decision of the doctor responsible for the patient. It was not possible to randomize the sample. Both protocols were matched with a starting citrate dose of 3.5 mmol/L, and a dialysis solution was used. Post‐filter replacement was not used, and the citrate solution was the only fluid administered pre‐filter.ResultsThe analysis included 59 circuits in the concentrated citrate group and 40 circuits in the diluted citrate group. An increased need for electrolyte replacement was observed in the diluted group (p < .001). The concentrated citrate group had a longer filter life (p < .05), and there was a slight trend toward alkalosis.ConclusionThe diluted citrate group had a higher incidence of electrolyte replacement. The concentrated citrate group had longer circuit lifespan and a trend toward metabolic alkalosis, although this was not statistically significant. If these conclusions are considered, the protocol can be unified.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe present work aims to provide information on the differences in the use of regional anticoagulation with diluted or concentrated citrate. The objective is to pay special attention to aspects that can lead to complications. The unified protocol proposed in this paper could be extrapolated to any machine on the market that uses either of these two types of citrate concentration.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diet and nutrient intake in adults with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Veraza Diego Izquierdo , Calderon Gerardo , Jansson‐Knodell Claire , Aljaras Rawan , Foster Erin D. , Xu Huiping , Biruete Annabel , Shin Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNumerous individual and environmental factors including diet may play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It is unclear to what degree dietary intake is affected in individuals with IBS. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to summarize dietary intake of adults with IBS and to compare dietary intake between adults with IBS and non‐IBS controls.MethodsOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched through February 2023 for clinical trials and observational studies measuring usual diet in adults with IBS. Pooled weighted averages were estimated for total energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient data. Mean differences (MD) in nutrient intake were estimated for adults with IBS versus non‐IBS controls using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency index (I2).Key ResultsSixty‐three full‐text articles were included in the review of which 29 studies included both IBS and control subjects. Nutrients not meeting the recommended intake level for any dietary reference values in the IBS population were fiber and vitamin D. Meta‐regression by female proportion was positively correlated with total fat intake and negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. Comparisons between participants with IBS and controls showed significantly lower fiber intake in participants with IBS with high heterogeneity (MD: −1.8; 95% CI: −3.0, −0.6; I2 = 85%).Conclusions and InferencesThis review suggests that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS; however, overall dietary intake does not appear to be comprised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber in IBS deserve further study.Results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that fiber and vitamin D intake is suboptimal in IBS. However, overall intake of other macro‐ and micronutrients does not appear to be compromised. Causes and consequences of reduced fiber and Vitamin D intake in IBS deserve further study.
Warming nondormant tree roots advances aboveground spring phenology in temperate trees
Authors: Malyshev Andrey V. , Blume‐Werry Gesche , Spiller Ophelia , Smiljanić Marko , Weigel Robert , Kolb Alexander , Nze Byron Ye , Märker Frederik , Sommer Freymuth Carl‐Fried Johannes , Kinley Kinley , Ziegler Jan , Pasang Pasang , Mahara Robert , Joshi Silviya , Heinsohn Vincent , Kreyling Juergen 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Climate warming advances the onset of tree growth in spring, but above‐ and belowground phenology are not always synchronized. These differences in growth responses may result from differences in root and bud dormancy dynamics, but root dormancy is largely unexplored.
We measured dormancy in roots and leaf buds of Fagus sylvatica and Populus nigra by quantifying the warming sum required to initiate above‐ and belowground growth in October, January and February. We furthermore carried out seven experiments, manipulating only the soil and not air temperature before or during tree leaf‐out to evaluate the potential of warmer roots to influence budburst timing using seedlings and adult trees of F. sylvatica and seedlings of Betula pendula.
Root dormancy was virtually absent in comparison with the much deeper winter bud dormancy. Roots were able to start growing immediately as soils were warmed during the winter. Interestingly, higher soil temperature advanced budburst across all experiments, with soil temperature possibly accounting for c. 44% of the effect of air temperature in advancing aboveground spring phenology per growing degree hour.
Therefore, differences in root and bud dormancy dynamics, together with their interaction, likely explain the nonsynchronized above‐ and belowground plant growth responses to climate warming.
Multiple mechanisms explain loss of anthocyanins from betalain‐pigmented Caryophyllales, including repeated wholesale loss of a key anthocyanidin synthesis enzyme
Authors: Pucker Boas , Walker‐Hale Nathanael , Dzurlic Jasmina , Yim Won C. , Cushman John C. , Crum Alexandra , Yang Ya , Brockington Samuel F. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
In this study, we investigate the genetic mechanisms responsible for the loss of anthocyanins in betalain‐pigmented Caryophyllales, considering our hypothesis of multiple transitions to betalain pigmentation.
Utilizing transcriptomic and genomic datasets across 357 species and 31 families, we scrutinize 18 flavonoid pathway genes and six regulatory genes spanning four transitions to betalain pigmentation. We examined evidence for hypotheses of wholesale gene loss, modified gene function, altered gene expression, and degeneration of the MBW (MYB‐bHLH‐WD40) trasnscription factor complex, within betalain‐pigmented lineages.
Our analyses reveal that most flavonoid synthesis genes remain conserved in betalain‐pigmented lineages, with the notable exception of TT19 orthologs, essential for the final step in anthocyanidin synthesis, which appear to have been repeatedly and entirely lost. Additional late‐stage flavonoid pathway genes upstream of TT19 also manifest strikingly reduced expression in betalain‐pigmented species. Additionally, we find repeated loss and alteration in the MBW transcription complex essential for canonical anthocyanin synthesis.
Consequently, the loss and exclusion of anthocyanins in betalain‐pigmented species appear to be orchestrated through several mechanisms: loss of a key enzyme, downregulation of synthesis genes, and degeneration of regulatory complexes. These changes have occurred iteratively in Caryophyllales, often coinciding with evolutionary transitions to betalain pigmentation.
Intermolecular base‐pairing interactions, a unique topology and exoribonuclease‐resistant noncoding RNAs drive formation of viral chimeric RNAs in plants
Authors: Nemes Katalin , Gil Jose F. , Liebe Sebastian , Mansi Mansi , Poimenopoulou Efstratia , Lennefors Britt‐Louise , Varrelmann Mark , Savenkov Eugene I. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
In plants, exoribonuclease‐resistant RNAs (xrRNAs) are produced by many viruses. Whereas xrRNAs contribute to the pathogenicity of these viruses, the role of xrRNAs in the virus infectious cycle remains elusive.
Here, we show that xrRNAs produced by a benyvirus (a multipartite RNA virus with four genomic segments) in plants are involved in the formation of monocistronic coat protein (CP)‐encoding chimeric RNAs. Naturally occurring chimeric RNAs, we discovered, are composed of 5′‐end of RNA 2 and 3′‐end of either RNA 3 or RNA 4 bearing conservative exoribonuclease‐resistant ‘coremin’ region.
Using computational tools and site‐directed mutagenesis, we show that de novo formation of chimeric RNAs requires intermolecular base‐pairing interaction between ‘coremin’ and 3′‐proximal part of the CP gene of RNA 2 as well as a stem‐loop structure immediately adjacent to the CP gene. Moreover, knockdown of the expression of the XRN4 gene, encoding 5′→3′ exoribonuclease, inhibits biogenesis of both xrRNAs and chimeric RNAs.
Our findings suggest a novel mechanism involving a unique tropology of the intermolecular base‐pairing complex between xrRNAs and RNA2 to promote formation of chimeric RNAs in plants. XrRNAs, essential for chimeric RNA biogenesis, are generated through the action of cytoplasmic Xrn 4 5′→3′ exoribonuclease conserved in all plant species.
Reduced global plant respiration due to the acclimation of leaf dark respiration coupled with photosynthesis
Authors: Ren Yanghang , Wang Han , Harrison Sandy P. , Prentice I. Colin , Atkin Owen K. , Smith Nicholas G. , Mengoli Giulia , Stefanski Artur , Reich Peter B. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Leaf dark respiration (Rd) acclimates to environmental changes. However, the magnitude, controls and time scales of acclimation remain unclear and are inconsistently treated in ecosystem models.
We hypothesized that Rd and Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) at 25°C (Rd,25, Vcmax,25) are coordinated so that Rd,25 variations support Vcmax,25 at a level allowing full light use, with Vcmax,25 reflecting daytime conditions (for photosynthesis), and Rd,25/Vcmax,25 reflecting night‐time conditions (for starch degradation and sucrose export). We tested this hypothesis temporally using a 5‐yr warming experiment, and spatially using an extensive field‐measurement data set. We compared the results to three published alternatives: Rd,25 declines linearly with daily average prior temperature; Rd at average prior night temperatures tends towards a constant value; and Rd,25/Vcmax,25 is constant.
Our hypothesis accounted for more variation in observed Rd,25 over time (R2 = 0.74) and space (R2 = 0.68) than the alternatives. Night‐time temperature dominated the seasonal time‐course of Rd, with an apparent response time scale of c. 2 wk. Vcmax dominated the spatial patterns.
Our acclimation hypothesis results in a smaller increase in global Rd in response to rising CO2 and warming than is projected by the two of three alternative hypotheses, and by current models.
Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure
Authors: Mas Eugénie , Cochard Hervé , Deluigi Janisse , Didion‐Gency Margaux , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas , Morcillo Luna , Valladares Fernando , Vilagrosa Alberto , Grossiord Charlotte 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Mixing species with contrasting resource use strategies could reduce forest vulnerability to extreme events. Yet, how species diversity affects seedling hydraulic responses to heat and drought, including mortality risk, is largely unknown.

Using open‐top chambers, we assessed how, over several years, species interactions (monocultures vs mixtures) modulate heat and drought impacts on the hydraulic traits of juvenile European beech and pubescent oak. Using modeling, we estimated species interaction effects on timing to drought‐induced mortality and the underlying mechanisms driving these impacts.

We show that mixtures mitigate adverse heat and drought impacts for oak (less negative leaf water potential, higher stomatal conductance, and delayed stomatal closure) but enhance them for beech (lower water potential and stomatal conductance, narrower leaf safety margins, faster tree mortality). Potential underlying mechanisms include oak's larger canopy and higher transpiration, allowing for quicker exhaustion of soil water in mixtures.

Our findings highlight that diversity has the potential to alter the effects of extreme events, which would ensure that some species persist even if others remain sensitive. Among the many processes driving diversity effects, differences in canopy size and transpiration associated with the stomatal regulation strategy seem the primary mechanisms driving mortality vulnerability in mixed seedling plantations.
Being in the room together
Authors: Daston Lorraine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs historians have shown and political theorists have acknowledged: no viable collective is ever just the result of cool cost‐benefit calculations. Rather, it is a shared vision of what it would mean to be part of a collective that surmounts hesitation and commands allegiance. What that collective vision should be for science already has a 350‐odd‐year history, and the work of the imagination is still ongoing.
Cachexia and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review
Authors: Porter S. R. , Ukwas A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to provide an understanding of cachexia in relation to oral squamous cell carcinoma relevant to oral health care. The paper is a scoping review of aspects of the clinical presentation, aetiology and management of cachexia in relation to oral health and oral health care.MethodsA combined search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (via OVID) was conducted using the terms ([Head and Neck] OR [Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma]) AND (Cachexia). Duplicates were removed and results were subsequently limited to studies published between 2000 and 2023, humans and English language. After screening and full‐text assessment a total number of 87 studies were included in the review.ResultsIt is evident that cachexia is a not uncommon feature of patients with advanced malignancy of the head and neck driven by a multitude of mechanisms, induced by the tumour itself, that lead to reduced nutritional intake, increased metabolism and loss of adipose and skeletal tissue.ConclusionWhile a variety of nutritional, physical, psychological and pharmacological interventions may improve quality and duration of life, ultimately the diagnosis of cachexia in relation to head and neck cancer remains an indicator of poor life expectancy.
The mechanism of IL‐13 targeting IL‐13Rα2 in regulating oral mucosal FBs through PI3K/AKT/mTOR
Authors: Wang Liping , Cheng Jingyi , Huang Junhui , Xiao Ting , Tang Zhangui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to examine the presence of interleukin (IL)‐13 and its receptor IL‐13Rα2 in the tissues of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), investigate their biological functions, and explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of OSF.Materials and MethodsThe expression of IL‐13 and IL‐13Rα2 in the oral mucosa of patients with OSF and normal individuals was determined through immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). Primary fibroblasts (FBs) were extracted through enzymatic digestion and then cultured. Immunofluorescence was employed to identify the FB cultures and the location of IL‐13Rα2. The effects of IL‐13/IL‐13Rα2/PI3K/AKT/mTOR on the migration, proliferation, and secretion of fiber‐related proteins of FBs were explored via the wound healing assay, CCK‐8 assay, EDU assay, and RT–qPCR. The impact of IL‐13Rα2 silencing and PI3K/AKT inhibition on the effect of IL‐13 on FBs was analyzed by RT–qPCR and Western blotting.ResultsIL‐13 and IL‐13Rα2 were highly expressed in OSF. Primary FBs were successfully extracted and cultured. IL‐13Rα2 was found to be localized in myofibroblasts. IL‐13 promoted the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril‐associated proteins in FBs. The proliferation, migration, and secretion of fibril‐associated proteins of FBs were decreased following IL‐13Rα2 silencing and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.ConclusionIL‐13 may promote the proliferation, migration, and secretion of fiber‐related proteins of FBs through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting IL‐13Rα2.
Use of apixaban in children awaiting heart transplantation
Authors: Benvenuto Victor , Hartje‐Dunn Christina , Vo Linda , Hellinger Amy , Esteso Paul , Fynn‐Thompson Francis , VanderPluym Christina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of apixaban in the pediatric cardiac population is expanding. We describe our apixaban dosing and monitoring strategy in children and young adults awaiting heart transplantation, along with outcomes related to bleeding and thrombosis during wait‐list and early post‐transplant periods.MethodsThis study is a retrospective, single‐center analysis of all patients receiving apixaban while awaiting cardiac transplantation. Weight‐based dosing was monitored with peak drug‐specific anti‐Xa chromogenic analysis. Significant post‐operative bleeding defined by chest tube output or need for surgical intervention.ResultsFrom September 2020 to December 2022, 19 patients, median age 13.5 years (6.1, 15.8 years), weighing 48.9 kg (15.4, 67.6) received apixaban while awaiting transplant. Indication for apixaban was prophylaxis (n = 18, 3 with ventricular assist devices) and treatment of thrombus (n = 1). There were no clinically relevant non‐major or major bleeding, nor thrombotic events while awaiting transplant. The median time from last apixaban dose to arrival in the operating room was 23.2 h (15.6–33.8), with median random apixaban level of 37 ng/mL (28.3, 59), 6.3 h (4.8, 8.4) prior to arrival in the operating room. In this study, 32% of patients had significant post‐operative bleeding based on chest tube output post‐transplant or need for intervention. No patients meeting criteria for significant post‐operative bleeding were thought to be attributable to apixaban.ConclusionsCareful use of apixaban can be safe and effective while awaiting heart transplant. There was no appreciable increase in peri‐operative bleeding. The use of apixaban is promising in providing safe, predictable and efficacious anticoagulation while avoiding additional patient stressors.
Reading literature in the Digital Age: Connecting students to texts orally and aurally
Authors: Costabile‐Heming Carol Anne , Halverson Rachel J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWriters and literature enjoy a prominent position in the culture and society of the German‐speaking world. Today, German‐speaking authors actively cultivate an online presence through publishers’ websites, personal webpages, blogs, and online forums. In this way, the Internet has transformed the literary reading experience of yore into a four‐skill media extravaganza. This engenders unrivaled access to the aural, textual, and visual environment in which literary texts reside, a multisensory world in which our students thrive. This essay proposes that audio and video files can fill the gap between how students read and how literature typically has been taught. By analyzing recordings of authors reading their work, performing their work, and being interviewed about their work available in online databases, radio podcasts, and video segments, students learn to access literary texts aurally. This expanded context can revitalize literature for the contemporary language classroom. Following a theoretical introduction about reading in the Digital Age, we present strategies for implementation in sample lesson plans. Our approach exemplifies how combining authorial voices with texts elevates reading to a multimedia experience that increases both listening and reading comprehension.
Contextualizing DEIA in the German language classroom: Terminology and history, DDGC and recent developments, and practices and resources
Authors: Tarnawska Senel Magda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper takes a closer look at diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the context of German Studies and the language classroom in the United States. The first part of the article examines the terminology, provides a general history of DEI/DEIA in higher education in the United States, and traces the development of DEI practices and language to include accessibility, belonging, and anti‐racism. The second part of the article focuses on the scholarly collective Diversity, Decolonization, and the German Curriculum and its self‐reflective and self‐critical stance toward our field, solidarity efforts to create networks of tangible support and empowerment, and its foregrounding of activism. This leads to a discussion of the intersections between current political events and classroom practices. Finally, the last section details three DEIA practices in the classroom—positionality, social justice framework, and antiracism—as well as resources for their implementation. It also points to new promising developments, for example, new outcomes and assessments for the language and culture classroom and pedagogy of care.
A Comparison of Critical Speed and Critical Power in Runners Using Stryd Running Power
Authors: van Rassel Cody R. , Sales Kate M. , Ajayi Oluwatimilehin O. , Nagai Koki , MacInnis Martin J. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Although running traditionally relies on critical speed (CS) as an indicator of critical intensity, portable inertial measurement units offer a potential solution for estimating running mechanical power to assess critical power (CP) in runners. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CS and CP differ when assessed using the Stryd device, a portable inertial measurement unit, and if 2 running bouts are sufficient to determine CS and CP. Methods: On an outdoor running track, 10 trained runners (, 59.0 [4.2] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed 3 running time trials (TT) between 1200 and 4400 m on separate days. CS and CP were derived from 2-parameter hyperbolic speed–time and power–time models, respectively, using 2 (CS2TT and CP2TT) and 3 (CS3TT and CP3TT) TTs. Subsequently, runners performed constant-intensity running for 800 m at their calculated CS3TT and CP3TT. Results: Running at the calculated CS3TT speed (3.88 [0.44] m·s−1) elicited an average Stryd running power (271 [28] W) not different from the calculated CP3TT (270 [28]; P = .940; d = 0.02), with excellent agreement between the 2 values (intraclass correlation coefficient = .980). The CS2TT (3.97 [0.42] m·s−1) was not higher than CS3TT (3.89 [0.44] m·s−1; P = .178; d = 0.46); however, CP2TT (278 [29] W) was greater than CP3TT (P = .041; d = 0.75). Conclusion: The running intensities at CS and CP were similar, supporting the use of running power (Stryd) as a metric of aerobic fitness and exercise prescription, and 2 trials provided a reasonable, albeit higher, estimate of CS and CP.