bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the densities and temperature of the Seyfert 2 narrow line region
Authors: Binette Luc , Zovaro Henry R. M. , Villar Martín Montserrat , Dors Oli L. , Krongold Yair , Morisset Christophe , Revalski Mitchell , Alarie Alexandre , Riffel Rogemar A. , Dopita Michael A. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Different studies have reported the so-called temperature problem of the narrow line region (NLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Its origin is still an open issue. To properly address its cause, a trustworthy temperature indicator is required.
Aims. To determine the temperature of an emission line plasma, the [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) line ratio is typically used. However, in the case of the NLR of AGNs, this ratio is not reliable when the electron density extends much above 105 cm−3 as collisional deexcitation strongly affects this ratio independently of the temperature. To verify the density regime, we need a density diagnostic that applies to high excitation plasma.
Methods. We propose that the weak [Ar IV] λλ4711,40Å doublet is the appropriate tool for evaluating the density of the high excitation plasma. We subsequently made use of the recent S7 survey sample to extract reliable measurements of the weak [Ar IV] doublet in 16 high excitation Seyfert 2s. As a result we could derive the plasma density of the NLR of our Seyfert 2 sample and compared the temperature inferred from the observed [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) ratios.
Results. It was found that 13 Seyfert 2s cluster near similar values as the [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) ratio, at a mean value of 0.0146 ± 0.0020. Three objects labeled outliers stand out at markedly higher [O III] values (> 0.03).
Conclusions. If for each object one assumes a single density, the values inferred from the [Ar IV] doublet for the 13 clustering objects all lie below 60 000 cm−3, indicating that the [O III] (λ4363Å/λ5007Å) ratios in these objects is a valid tracer of plasma temperature. Even when assuming a continuous power-law distribution of the density, the inferred cut-off density required to reproduce the observed [Ar IV] doublet is in all cases < 105.1 cm−3. The average NLR temperature inferred for the 13 Seyfert 2s is 13 000 ± 703 K, which photoionization models have difficulty reproducing. Subsequently we considered different mechanisms to account for the observed [O III] ratios. For the three outliers, a double-bump density distribution is likely required, with the densest component having a density > 106 cm−3.
Using relative field line helicity as an indicator for solar eruptivity
Authors: Moraitis K. , Patsourakos S. , Nindos A. , Thalmann J. K. , Pariat É. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Relative field line helicity (RFLH) is a recently developed quantity that can approximate the density of relative magnetic helicity.
Aims. This paper aims to determine whether RFLH can be used as an indicator of solar eruptivity.
Methods. Starting from magnetographic observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrument on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory of a sample of seven solar active regions (ARs), that comprises over 2000 individual snapshots, we reconstruct the AR’s coronal magnetic field with a widely used non-linear force-free method. This enables us to compute the RFLH using two independent gauge conditions for the vector potentials. We focus our study on the times of strong flares in the ARs, above the M class, and in regions around the polarity inversion lines (PILs) of the magnetic field, and of RFLH.
Results. We find that the temporal profiles of the relative helicity that is contained in the magnetic PIL follow those of the relative helicity that is computed by the accurate volume method for the whole AR. Additionally, the PIL relative helicity can be used to define a parameter similar to the well-known parameter R, whose high values are related with increased flaring probability. This helicity-based R-parameter correlates closely with the original parameter, showing in some cases even higher values. Additionally, it experiences more pronounced decreases during flares. This means that there exists at least one parameter deduced from RFLH that is important as a solar eruptivity indicator.
Okulomotorikstörungen und Nystagmus
Authors: Helmchen Christoph , Heide Wolfgang , Strupp Michael Leo , Straumann Dominik 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Diagnose von Augenbewegungsstörungen und der Nystagmusformen beruht auf einer systematischen klinischen Untersuchung aller Arten von Augenbewegungen. Diese Untersuchung umfasst: Augenposition, Untersuchung auf einen Spontannystagmus, Motilität, Blickfolge, Blickhaltefunktion, Sakkaden, Vergenzreaktion, optokinetischer Nystagmus, Funktion des vestibulookulären Reflexes (VOR) sowie die Fixationssuppression des VOR. Anatomisch relevante Strukturen sind Mesenzephalon, Pons, Medulla oblongata, Zerebellum und Kortex. Topografisch anatomisch gelten die einfachen klinischen Regeln: Vertikale und torsionale Augenbewegungen werden vorwiegend im Mesenzephalon und horizontale Augenbewegungen in dem Pons generiert. Typische Zeichen einer Mittelhirnläsion sind vertikale Sakkaden- oder Blickparese, ein isolierter vertikaler Blickrichtungsnystagmus und einer Ponsläsion entsprechende horizontale Störungen. Das Zerebellum spielt eine Rolle bei praktisch allen Augenbewegungen; typische klinische Zeichen sind eine allseitige Blickfolgesakkadierung, Blickrichtungsnystagmus oder dysmetrische Sakkaden. Unter einem Nystagmus versteht man rhythmische Augenbewegungen, die in der Regel aus einem langsamen (ursächlichen bzw. pathologischen) Augendrift und einer schnellen kompensatorischen Rückstellbewegung (Rückstellsakkade) bestehen. Es lassen sich 3 einfache Kategorien unterscheiden: Spontannystagmus, d. h. ein Nystagmus, der bei Fixation in Geradeaus-Blickposition auftritt, Nystagmusformen, die nur in Abhängigkeit von der Blickrichtung auftreten und Nystagmen, die nur durch bestimmte Manöver ausgelöst werden: Kopfschütteln, Lagerung, Hyperventilation oder physikalischen Druck (z. B. Pressen). Letztere sind oft durch peripher-vestibuläre Läsionen ausgelöst, können aber auch zentralen Ursprungs sein. Viele zentrale Nystagmusformen erlauben eine genaue anatomische Lokalisation, z. B. der Downbeat-Nystagmus (DBN), der meistens auf einer Flocculus-Läsion beruht oder der Upbeat-Nystagmus (UBN) auf einer Läsion im Mesencephalon oder der Medulla oblongata. Beispiele einer Pharmakotherapie sind die Gabe von 4-Aminopyridin beim DBN und UBN, Memantin oder Gabapentin beim Fixationspendelnystagmus oder Baclofen beim periodisch-alternierenden Nystagmus.
Organocatalytic Atroposelective Reactions of Alkynes
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhang Zhi-Xin , Hu Tian-Qi , Ye Long-Wu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe atroposelective transformation of alkynes is an efficient protocol for the assembly of axially chiral compounds. Benefitting from the rapid development of chiral organocatalysts, the organocatalytic atroposelective reactions of alkynes have been extensively studied over the past decades. An array of chiral catalysts, including chiral Brønsted acid catalysts, secondary amine catalysts, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts, thiourea catalysts and N-squaramide catalysts, are employed in enantioselective reactions of different alkynes. This short review summarizes the recent advances on organocatalytic atroposelective reactions of alkynes according to the type of alkyne substrate. The reaction mechanisms, modes of enantiocontrol, product diversity and applications are highlighted.1	Introduction2	Electron-Rich Aryl Alkynes3	Electron-Deficient Aryl Alkynes4	Other Types of Alkynes5	Conclusion and Outlook
Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions: A Personal Account
Authors: Wu Xiao-Feng , Geng Hui-Qing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbonylation reactions have been widely used to construct carbonyl-containing molecules or carbon enhancement reactions, which are mostly catalyzed by noble metals (Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir). In this review, we introduce the copper-catalyzed carbonylation reactions that have been developed in our group. Diverse reactions have been developed using various substrates, including the carbonylation of C–H activated alkanes, the difunctionalization of unsaturated C–C bonds, and the carbonylation of alkyl halides via the radical pathway.1	Introduction2	Cu-Catalyzed Carbonylation of C(sp
3)–H Bonds3	Cu-Catalyzed Carbonylative Difunctionalization of Unsaturated Bonds4	Cu–X (H or B) Mediated Acylation of Unsaturated Bonds with Electrophiles5	Cu–X (H or B) Mediated Carbonylation of Unsaturated Bonds6	Cu-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkyl Halides7	Other Types of Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions8	Conclusion and Outlook
Obesity and Male Infertility: True, True, and Unrelated?
Authors: Ceraolo Carl , Rubano Amanda , Gabrielsen J. Scott 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhile the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased worldwide, there has also been a notable decline in semen parameters over the last several decades. While obesity can negatively impact reproductive hormones, many studies have sought a link between rising obesity and decreased male fertility potential. Nonetheless, few data support a direct link between the two. The focus on obesity as a causative factor in male infertility can potentially result in patient harm through delayed fertility treatment and missed diagnoses. This review investigates the associations between obesity and male infertility and why a potential direct link has been elusive and may not exist. Additionally, indirect mechanisms that may link the two will be reviewed and treatment options for obese infertile men presenting for evaluation will briefly be discussed.
Nasal Airway Evaluation
Authors: Perez Paloma I. , Mei Christine , Lindsay Robin W. , Gadkaree Shekhar K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe nose has several important functions including inspiration, humidification of air, and filtering of allergens. The nose also has a major role in facial harmony as the central focal point. Patients will present to the rhinoplasty surgeon in an effort to fix the inability to breathe through the nose or correct a perceived nasal deformity in the shape of the nose. Choosing the optimal techniques to effectively change the nose requires a thorough understanding of nasal anatomy and nasal mechanics. Ultimately, a complete nasal evaluation is essential in identifying what corresponds to a patient's complaints and how those issues can be addressed surgically or perhaps nonsurgically. When the nose is divided into subunits, and a systematic nasal analysis is performed, one can be confident that all components of the nasal skeleton have been assessed.
Adolescent Kidney Outcomes after Extremely Preterm Birth and Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: There May be More to the Story
Authors: Lupo Ryan , Chang Emily , Bjornstad Erica C. , O'Shea T Michael , Sanderson Keia R. 
Published: January 2024

Objective Among children born extremely preterm (EP), the antecedents of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including neonatal acute kidney injury (nAKI), are not well characterized.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort pilot study. Participants (n = 36) were adolescents born before 28 weeks of gestation enrolled at birth into the extremely low gestational age newborn study, between 2002 and 2004, at the University of North Carolina. Participants were stratified by the primary exposure to nAKI, defined using the modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes nAKI criteria. Baseline serum creatinine (SCr) was defined as the lowest SCr after 48 to 72 postnatal hours. The primary outcome was an abnormal kidney profile during adolescence, defined as having one or more of these outcomes: elevated blood pressure (>120/80 mm Hg), microalbuminuria (urine microalbumin/creatinine >30 µg/g), or an abnormal kidney volume measured by ultrasound (total kidney volume corrected for body surface area <10th%ile for age).
Results Half of the participants had a history of nAKI. Thirteen had stage 1 nAKI, four had stage 2, and one had stage 3 nAKI. At 15 years of age, 50% were overweight/obese, 31% had elevated blood pressure (BP), 11% had abnormal kidney volumes, and 17% had microalbuminuria. The relative risk for having an abnormal kidney profile during adolescence among participants with a history of nAKI was 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.3–1.3, p = 0.2).
Conclusion In this sample of adolescents born EP, a history of nAKI was not associated with elevated BP, microalbuminuria, or abnormal kidney volume. Future studies are needed in larger samples to better characterize the relationship between nAKI and CKD in EP-born children.
Key Points
Homeopathy for Acute Viral Infections: A Bayesian Repertory for Reliable Use of Common Symptoms
Authors: Rutten Lex , Eizayaga José , Gold Peter , Manchanda Raj K. , Miglani Anjali , Ives Galen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA recent worldwide COVID-19 case collection assessed the prevalence and likelihood ratio (LR) of symptoms, resulting in a bayesian repertory and repertorization app. This approach resulted in a clear and reliable differentiation between selected medicines, with common symptoms, combined or separately. The assessed COVID-19 symptoms are mostly common symptoms and occur in several other acute viral infections. Common symptoms are symptoms, throughout the body, common to most viral infectious disease, for example, fever, headache, weakness, etc. Use of this repertory and app is likely to improve the effectiveness of homeopathy in these infections due to the hierarchical approach built within the app to categorize the unique combination of common symptoms specific to each case. The use of the online app is free of charge. This offers an opportunity to experience the usefulness of common symptoms with the bayesian approach in case evaluation. This repertory could be a showcase of homeopathic treatment based on systematic and reproducible data collection. We invite practitioners to test the app in daily practice while treating acute viral infections and give feedback via the new button at the last screen of the app.
What Watson can teach us about war and order: revisiting The Evolution of International Society
Authors: Friedner Parrat Charlotta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, Adam Watson’s use of ideal types is revisited in order to distinguish between various kinds of international orders over time and address the different types of war which are logically possible in relation to them. The argument is that war differs between ordered and disordered circumstances, as well as among members, or between members and non-members of a given order. The aim is, first, to analytically distinguish between various types of phenomenon which all happen to include organised violence between political entities, and all be called war; and second, to demonstrate the utility of abstracting far enough from actual history to be able to apply analytical categories, a purpose which Watson would recognise. This contributes to freeing theorising about war from its Westphalian and Eurocentric straightjacket.
Spectroscopic detection of the gallium methylene (GaCH2 and GaCD2) free radical in the gas phase by laser-induced fluorescence and emission spectroscopy
Authors: Smith Tony C. , Tarroni Riccardo , Clouthier Dennis J. 
Published: January 2024

GaCH2, a free radical thought to play a role in the chemical vapor deposition of gallium-containing thin films and semiconductors, has been spectroscopically detected for the first time. The radical was produced in a pulsed discharge jet using a precursor mixture of trimethylgallium vapor in high pressure argon and studied by laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength resolved emission techniques. Partially rotationally resolved spectra of the hydrogenated and deuterated species were obtained, and they exhibit the nuclear statistical weight variations and subband structure expected for a 2A2–2B1 electronic transition. The measured spectroscopic quantities have been compared to our own ab initio calculations of the ground and excited state properties. The electronic spectrum of gallium methylene is similar to the corresponding spectrum of the aluminum methylene radical, which we reported in 2022.
Impact of COVID-19 disease on the male factor in reproductive medicine – how-to advise couples undergoing IVF/ICSI
Authors: Stark Julia , Kuster Stefan P. , Hungerbühler Vera 
Published: January 2024

Context The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread concern about its potential impact on various aspects of human health. Aims This narrative review aims to summarise the current knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on sperm quality and its effect on assisted reproductive technology. Methods In this narrative review, a literature search using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify relevant original research articles published up to 29 January 2023. Results Thirty original studies were included in our review. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in seminal fluid during the acute phase of infection and for up to 1 month. However, the fact that SARS-CoV-2 is barely detectable in semen makes sexual transmission very unlikely. COVID-19 infection has been associated with the following changes in sperm quality: morphology, altered motility, changed DNA fragmentation-index (DFI), decreased sperm concentration, lower total number of sperm, and a significant increase in leukocytes and cytokines. The effects mostly seem to be reversible and have not been shown to negatively affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technology but should lead to further research concerning the health of the offspring, because a correlation of increased DFI after COVID-19 even 5 months after disease could be assumed. Conclusions The findings of this narrative review suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may harm sperm quality in the acute phase. Implications A recovery time of at least 3 months regarding assisted reproductive therapy could be reasonable.
Quantum dynamics of positron-hydrogen scattering and three-body bound state formation with an assisting laser field: predictions of a reduced-dimensionality model
Authors: Ji Xiao Hu , Jiao Li Guang , Liu Aihua , Zhang Yong Zhi , Thumm Uwe , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We investigate the quantum dynamics of target excitation and positronium formation in the positron-hydrogen atom scattering without and with an external assisting laser field within a reduced-dimensional quantum model. Strong interference fringes between the incident and reflected positron wave packets are observed in the reaction region. We further investigate the critical behavior of transition probabilities near the channel-opening thresholds for hydrogen excitation and positronium formation and find a strong competition between channels with similar threshold energies, but different parities. The transmission ratios of the incident positron in different reaction channels are calculated, and it is shown that only positronium formation in the ground state prefers forward scattering. Our simulation of the positron-hydrogen scattering with an assisting laser field indicates that the three-particle bound states can be formed during the collisions due to the photon emission induced by the external laser field.
Electron scattering and transport in simple liquid mixtures
Authors: Boyle G J , Garland N A , McEachran R P , Mirihana K A , Robson R E , Sullivan J P , White R D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The theory for electron transport in simple liquids developed by Cohen and Lekner (1967 Phys. Rev.
158 305), is extended to simple liquid mixtures. The focus is on developing benchmark models for binary mixtures of hard-spheres, using the Percus-Yevick model (Lebowitz 1964 Phys. Rev. A 133 895, Hiroike 1969 J. Phys. Soc. Japan
27 1415) to represent the density structure effects. A multi-term solution of Boltzmann’s equation is employed to investigate the effect of the binary mixture structure on hard-sphere electron scattering cross-sections and transport properties, including the drift velocity, mean energy, longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficients. Benchmark calculations are established for electrons driven out of equilibrium by a range of reduced electric field strengths (

0.1

−

100

Td).
Weakly supervised medical image registration with multi-information guidance
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Ren Ziwen , Li Xu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the registration method based on deep learning has received extensive attention from scholars due to its superiority in real-time performance. Most of the work directly use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to map the image to be registered into the transform space. However, the receptive field of CNNs is limited, and multi-layer convolution superposition is needed to obtain a relatively large receptive field. Transformer-based methods can better express spatial relationships through attention mechanisms. However, the self-attention and the multi-head mechanisms make each small block calculate the relationship with other small blocks regardless of distance. Due to the limited moving range of corresponding voxel points in the medical images, this long-distance dependence may cause the model to be interfered by long-distance voxels. In this paper, we convert the spatial transformation of the corresponding voxel points into the calculation of the basic vector basis to propose the SV-basis module and design a two-stage multi-scale registration model. Experiments are carried out on brain and lung datasets to prove the effectiveness and universality of the proposed registration method. According to the anatomical characteristics of medical images, the corresponding loss function is designed to introduce mask information into the registration task. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately register brain and lung images.
Development of experimental device for inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Morgan Vinícius G , Sum Amadeu K , Wu Ning , Dante Alex , Gomes Angelo M S , Ferreira Luciana S , Fernando Gomes S Jr , Werneck Marcelo M , Allil Regina C S B 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Inductive heating using magnetic nanoparticles is a critical process extensively investigated for cancer treatment. However, the high cost of commercially available equipment hinders its accessibility for many research groups. In response, this paper introduces a simple electronic circuit with low-cost components, making it easy to construct even for non-electronic experts. Operating within the 50–200 kHz range, the circuit employs a parallel inductor-capacitor configuration, providing a maximum induction magnetic field of 23.6 mT. Ltspice software simulations align well with oscilloscope measurements. Using commercial iron oxide nanoparticles (∼16 nm) in water suspensions (1–10 mg ml−1), the device exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in specific absorption rate values, consistent with literature findings. Hyperthermia temperatures were achieved in a few minutes at 52.5 kHz and 23.6 mT in the highest concentration. At 81.9 kHz and 21.5 mT, a temperature of 93 °C was achieved after 22 min at 10 mg ml−1. Additionally, the device demonstrated stable and safe operation over a 100 min period, as validated by an ice-melting experiment. These results highlight the device’s efficacy for hyperthermia experiments in both biological and non-biological systems, particularly advantageous for larger nanoparticles in a blocked state. The proposed device holds significant potential for contributing to hyperthermia studies across diverse research groups. Future development will focus on frequency adjustment without reducing the alternating magnetic field amplitude and a thorough investigation of field homogeneity inside the coils.