bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Śrī, Devī, Apirāmi, and Mary
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter initiates a conversation drawing together feminist perspectives, contemporary goddess worship and the discipline of thealogy, Christian theological views of gender, and the age-old Hindu traditions of reflection on and worship of goddesses. In light of reflection on Hindu goddesses, the Virgin Mary of the Christian tradition is then also introduced, and she will be considered in each chapter.
Śrī in the Śrī Guṇa Ratna Kośa
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Chapter 2 studies the Sri Guna Ratna Kosa by Parasara Bhattar, an important teacher from the 12th century. He wrote Sri Guna Ratna Kosa in praise of Sri at the south Indian Srirangam temple in an era when Her cult seems to have become increasingly prominent and central to Srivaisnava practice and life — but also remained a matter requiring theological justification: if Visnu alone is Lord and perfectly capable of effecting human liberation, why do Srivaisnavas also depend entirely on the grace of Sri? In the hymn’s 61 verses Parasara Bhattar praises Her as the consort of Lord Visnu, and yet at the same time as the divine woman who is eternally and necessarily integral to the fullness of the divine mystery. The hymn offers a theology of Sri that pairs Her with Visnu, defending the uniqueness of each while subordinating neither. In the Sri Guna Ratna Kosa, Sri and Visnu are worshipped together, as one, even if the differences between them as male and female are intrinsic to their divine identities; Sri is eternal and Visnu is never apart from Her; Her glories and virtues are innumerable, and even Visnu never has enough of Her beauty; He is the creator and Lord, but She has always been involved in the world as the source of its vitality; She is the mother of Her devotees; She stays close to Her husband Visnu in the transcendent world, but even Visnu’s famed descents (avatara) are stimulated by Her compassion and intended to please Her; Sri is close by on earth as well, especially as accessible each day in the great temple in Srirangam and other holy places. Mary, represented in the Akathistos, likewise stands in a dialectical relationship to God, since it is only in her that the divine plan can come to fruition.
Three Hindu Goddesses, Mary, and Reading Ahead
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
In light of these hymns and analyses, summary claims are made regarding each of the three Hindu Goddesses, Sri, Devi, and Apirami, and what we learn regarding goddesses, gender, and human perceptions of the divine. Comparisons and contrasts are made among them, and likewise with Mary, who ever remains not a goddess yet like a goddess. The “Stabat Mater” of Julia Kristeva is re-read as a powerful and illuminating essay that nevertheless fails to do justice to the Stabat Mater and the realities involved. The chapter also reconnects back to the wider conversation of feminists, thealogians, and theologians, and yet too the still larger project of introducing other views of the divine is considered. Clooney concludes by defending the value of renewed devotion to one’s own tradition, if one cannot incorporate all that one has learned: Reaffirming one’s own tradition after coming to appreciate another tradition, while seeing through both traditions at once, is a worthwhile conclusion. We can see our earliest ideas and devotions, as if for the first time and make a choice for them because we know that others have made other choices, intelligently, passionately, in love. Mindful of Sri, Devi, and Apirami, one still venerates Mary; aware of Mary as a human woman, one still speaks to Sri, Devi, or Apirami.
Absorber and Entropy Theories of Radiation
Authors: Frisch Mathias 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter criticizes absorber accounts of radiation asymmetry in the tradition of Wheeler and Feynman’s time-symmetric action-at-a-distance theory, and ‘pure entropy accounts’ of the asymmetry. Wheeler and Feynman appeal to two distinct conceptions of an absorber: a general formal model and a specific physical model of an absorber as a dilute plasma. It is argued that all attempts to derive asymmetry within the formal model by invoking statistical or cosmological arguments fail.
Conclusion
Authors: Frisch Mathias 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA summary of the main arguments of the previous chapters is presented. Among these are that a theory’s formalism may be inconsistent and yet allow the construction of highly reliable models of the phenomena of a certain domain. It is shown that there are scientifically meaningful distinctions between various causal locality principles that cannot be captured in causal terms. The most promising explanation for the temporal asymmetry exhibited by the total fields in the presence of radiating charges appeals to a causal constraint, namely that the field component physically associated with a radiating source is fully retarded.
Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Lavelle Kathryn C. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines Asia, where the greatest diversity of state experiences occurred. It considers the experiences of India by focusing on the politics of a multinational firm, Unilever, that predate sovereign independence and continue in the current privatization program involving firms such as Modern Food. The chapter also examines the marketization program of the Chinese government with a consideration of the international listing of Huaneng Power, International. Thailand and South Korea are included, with case studies of Thai Airways and the Samsung chaebol, respectively.
Philosophical Concepts That Shaped Gregory of Nyssa's View of the Individual
Authors: Turcescu Lucian 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter deals with the following philosophical concepts: individuals and relations in Aristotle, individuals in Stoicism, the individual as a collection of properties in Platonism, and the Plotinian will of the One. Gregory of Nyssa shows signs of familiarity and in some cases explicit use. These concepts inform his thinking about the individual.
On the Holy Spirit: Against the Macedonians
Authors: Turcescu Lucian 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Gregory refers to God the Holy Spirit in biblical terms as good and holy, princely, principal, quickening, governing, and sanctifying of all creation. This allows him to present the Spirit as a correlative of both the Father and the Son; there is no gap between Christ and his anointing, between the king and his kingdom, between wisdom and the Spirit of wisdom, between truth and the Spirit of truth, between power and the Spirit of power. All three persons rejoice eternally in the presence of each other and know each other perfectly. This is communion, and it allows for both the distinction of each person and the perfect unity among them.
History As Propaganda
Authors: Powers John 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Debates over how Tibetan history should be construed have raged for centuries and have been particularly intense in recent years. Chinese historians wish to construct a narrative that gives them a right to be in Tibet and that justifies China’s record since its takeover in the 1950s. Tibetan historians offer a very different picture, one that excludes China and pushes it to the periphery and derives Tibet’s history and culture from indigenous sources and India. One of the main contributions of this book is its exploration of the ideology that underlies China’s concern with Tibet and its willingness to invest huge sums of money and attract worldwide criticism for its treatment of the Tibetan people. The author argues that the roots of Chinese attitudes lie in the Nationalist period (1911–1947), when public pronouncements and school textbooks declared that Tibet is the “back door to China” and that Western imperialists were plotting to conquer Tibet, which would later be a staging ground for invasion of interior China. The book looks at the key points of Tibetan history and how each side constructs them as part of a larger narrative, beginning with the marriage of the Tibetan king Songtsen Gambo in the 7th century to a Chinese princess. One important conclusion is that both sides agree on the main aspects of what happened, but disagree fundamentally on the psychological motives they attribute to historical figures. Where Chinese historians portray Tibetan historical figures as Chinese patriots seeking greater integration with the Chinese motherland, Tibetan historians tend to view them as devout Buddhists with purely religious motives.
The Moral Imagination
Authors: Lederach John Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis book poses the question, “How do we transcend the cycles of violence that bewitch our human community while still living in them?” Peacebuilding, in the view of this book, is both a learned skill and an art. Finding this art, this book says, requires a worldview shift. Conflict professionals must envision their work as a creative act — an exercise of what the book terms the “moral imagination.” This imagination must, however, emerge from and speak to the hard realities of human affairs. The peacebuilder must have one foot in what is and one foot beyond what exists. The book is organized around four guiding stories that point to the moral imagination but are incomplete. The book seeks to understand what happened in these individual cases and how they are relevant to large-scale change. The purpose is not to propose a grand new theory; instead it wishes to stay close to the “messiness” of real processes and change, and to recognize the serendipitous nature of the discoveries and insights that emerge along the way. Like most professional peacemakers, the author of this book sees his work as a religious vocation.
On This Moment
Authors: Lederach John Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter focuses on why a wide range of authors in a wide range of disciplines used the phrase moral imagination as the title or subtitle of their books. Three keys have linked diverse authors to this phrase: (i) the authors concurred that the moral imagination develops a capacity to perceive things beyond and at a deeper level than what initially meets the eye; (ii) that no matter the particular disciplinary field, the authors landed on the term imagination in order to emphasize the necessity of the creative act; and (iii) that while expressed in different ways for a variety of purposes, the authors converged in the idea that the moral imagination has a quality of transcendence.
On Peace Accords
Authors: Lederach John Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter discusses the concept of constructive social change and the challenges of peace accords. It argues that the first step toward genuine change is to understand and publicly recognize that the engagement of deep issues and of people and sustained dialogue, is hard work and does not end with a ceasefire or the signing of a paper. Authentic engagement recognizes that conflict remains. Dialogue is permanent and requires platforms that make such engagement at multiple levels of the affected society possible and continuous.
On Pied Pipers
Authors: Lederach John Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the connection of art to the pragmatics of political change in the world. It argues that art and finding our way back to our humanity are connected. Constructive social change, like art, comes in fits and starts. The greatest movements forward often germinated from something that collapsed, fell to the ground, and then sprouted something that moved beyond what was then known. Those seeds, like the artistic process itself, touched the moral imagination. To believe in healing is to believe in the creative act.
On Vocation
Authors: Lederach John Paul 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that the whole of peacebuilding could be summed up as finding and building voice. The journey toward change that people make requires more than a strategy of good ideas or technique. Fundamentally, it requires a willingness to risk and great vulnerability. They are stepping into the unknown, into the mystery of risk. The journey of voice finds its source at the level of life and vocation.
Introduction
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the importance of Dante's metaphysics. It identifies five principles that are fundamental to grasping the world-picture Dante shared with the profound thinkers of his age and that form the basis for understanding the Comedy's purposes and poetics as Dante might have. These principles are that (1) the world of space and time does not itself exist in space and time: it exists in Intellect (the Empyrean, pure conscious being); (2) matter, in medieval hylomorphism, is not something “material”: it is a principle of unintelligibility, of alienation from conscious being; (3) all finite form, that is, all creation, is a self-qualification of Intellect or Being, and only exists insofar as it participates in it; (4) creator and creation are not two, since the latter has no existence independent of the former; but of course creator and creation are not the same; and (5) God, as the ultimate subject of all experience, cannot be an object of experience: to know God is to know oneself as God, or (if the expression seems troubling) as one “ with” God or “in” God. The consequences of a getting a grasp of the metaphysical underpinnings of the Comedy are discussed.
The Empyrean
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter discusses the context and originality of Dante's Empyrean, as developed in the Comedy. Its principal characteristics are summarized under three points: (i) In radical distinction from the Empyrean of the Scholastics, the Empyrean of the Comedy is absolutely immaterial and uncreated: it does not exist in space or time; (ii) In the Comedy Dante identifies the Empyrean with the divine mind; the splendor of that mind is the luminosity of the “tenth heaven”; (iii) The Empyrean is the “cause” of the phenomenal world only in the sense that it is its “foundation,” the ground of its being.
Creation
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn Christian thought, creation “out of nothing” is not an event or a process: there is no how, when, or where in the creation of the world. How, when, and where are all internal to finite being, and more precisely to space and time: any account of creation that mentions events or things is not an account of creation, but a description of the world. Such an account says nothing (except analogically) about the relation of the world to the source and ground of its being. It is already implicit in Aristotle that there can be no explanation of the being of things, of “how” things depend on “the thought that thinks itself”, because there is no how, no relation in any common sense (as between things or events), nothing to explain: self-subsistent Intellect is not in itself a thing, and is what it thinks. To grasp the Christian understanding of creation is to grasp a non-reciprocal and non-dual “relation of dependence” between a radically contingent world (at every instant it exists) and the self-subsistent and dimension-less ground of its being (which can only be known as oneself, through a revelation prepared by the surrender of self). This chapter traces this understanding in Dante by discussing the tension between Neoplatonic emanation and “ Thomistic” creation, the meditation on unity in diversity of Paradiso 2; the relation between body and soul; and the “ birth” of time and of space in the Primo Mobile.
Conclusion
Authors: Moevs Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter argues that the Comedy, the limit of the world, and thus of all attribute, is the Primo Mobile, the horizon between creation and creator, between the world and its ground: it is the “boundary” that “only one who encompasses it can understand”. One may describe everything that is seen, but not what is ultimately doing the seeing. The metaphysical “I” (the “I AM” revealed to Moses) is the attributeless, “transparent” foundation of the world, one with the world but radically distinct from it, as (to use a Wittgensteinian, and perhaps also Dantean, image) the seeing eye is one with its visual field, and yet is not contained in that field but lies outside it.
Justifying the Moral Rules
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter argues that the moral rules: do not kill, do not cause pain, do not disable, do not deprive of freedom, and do not deprive of pleasure, are justified moral rules. It distinguishes between the egocentric attitude toward these rules and the appropriate moral attitude toward them, and points out the qualifications required to allow one to go from the former to the latter. It provides a formulation of the appropriate moral attitude, showing that this attitude requires liability as punishment for unjustified violations of these rules.
Justifying Violations
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of the morally relevant features that determine what counts as the same kind of violation. It is the first step of the two-step procedure for deciding whether that kind of violation is strongly justified, weakly justified, or unjustified. These morally relevant features, e.g., the desires and beliefs of the persons toward whom the rule is being violated, whether there are morally preferable alternatives, and whether the situation is an emergency, are discussed in detail. The second step of the two-step procedure, considering whether one would publicly allow the violation, is compared with Kant’s categorical imperative.
Virtues and Vices
Authors: Gert Bernard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes between personality traits and character traits, and between moral virtues, personal virtues, and social virtues. It presents analyses of individual moral virtues, e.g., truthfulness, fairness, honesty, and kindness; and individual personal virtues, e.g., prudence, temperance, and courage. It also provides an account of humility and arrogance.
The Greene/ing of the Catholic Novel
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGreene began his writing career at a time when religion, particularly Catholicism, was undergoing a revival in philosophy and literature. This chapter situates Greene during this Catholic revival, which artistically embodied a “kind” of Catholicism most apparent in French Catholic authors of the early 20th century. He wrote some of his best and most famous novels during this period. Two of these, The Power and the Glory and The End of the Affair are discussed.
New Threads in an Old Pattern
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGreene remained a prolific writer in the last 30 years of his life. His late novels continually returned to old territories — the tension between loyalty and betrayal, innocence and corruption, and religious faith and political commitment — but with a sense of the changes that occurred in Catholicism and global politics. Greene treats his characters with a new sense of comic detachment. Although the tragic tension of his viewpoint has slackened, it still conveys a fresh imaginative vantage point to engage his literary and religious concerns.
Epilogue
Authors: Bosco Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGreene was a writer immersed in the political and religious events of the 20th century. His commitment to a Catholic vision of the world never wavered, as evidenced by his reading of Vatican II theology, his personal support of liberationist movements in Latin America, and his attempt to promote dialogue between Catholicism and Marxism. The author’s comments on his reading of Greene’s Catholic imagination and post-Vatican II Catholicism are presented.
Reformation in Britain and Ireland
Authors: Heal Felicity 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The book integrates analysis of religious change during the sixteenth century in the four countries (three kingdoms) of the British Isles. Interaction between these realms is essential to understanding the history of religious reform within each territory. The pre-Reformation Catholic Church is discussed, as is popular religious belief and behaviour. The Reformation is considered as a political change, involving the choices of monarchs and their political elites. In England and Scotland, these elites drove forward reform and ensured its success. They were also urged on by a clerical minority ideologically committed to doctrinal change and to evangelization. In Ireland, no such indigenous commitment to reform existed, and no political identity with reform was constructed. The text also examines the religious responses of ordinary clergy and laymen to reform from above. It acknowledges the reluctance to change that is a constant refrain of revisionist historical writing, but investigates more closely the process by which Englishmen and Scots were slowly translated from Catholics before the altar to some form of Protestants around the pulpit.
THE CLERGY IN THE YEARS OF CHANGE, 1530–1558
Authors: HEAL FELICITY 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The clergy of the three kingdoms are studied during the same years of change, 1530–1558. The focus is upon the role of the bishops and higher clergy in influencing political regimes, and on the appropriation of clerical wealth. Ordinary parish clergy are seen as largely resistant to new religious ideas, and vulnerable to lay pressures.
Introduction
Authors: Caney Simon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDescribes the aims, approaches, and structure of the book. The basic issue addressed is the political principles that should govern global politics, and to analyse this the book posits six sets of questions, each of which is addressed in separate chapters that separately examine (moral) universalism, civil and political justice, distributive justice, political structures, just war, and humanitarian intervention. The author makes four points: that his concern is with political philosophy; that he refers to global rather than international political theory; that he examines global political theory rather than global ethics; and that he distinguishes three levels at which global political theory may operate—its relation to domestic political theory, the principles and institutions involved, and the application of these principles to specific issues. He also identifies the aims of the book, which are: to provide a defence of what is commonly termed a cosmopolitan political morality; to explore in depth and evaluate competing philosophical perspectives on these issues; and to emphasize that the topics examined in the book are very closely intertwined and cannot be engaged satisfactorily in isolation from one another. The four competing approaches that may be taken to global political theory (cosmopolitanism, realism, the ‘society of states’, and nationalism) are outlined in turn in order to provide a framework within which the six questions posited in the book are examined, and to stake out and defend the cosmopolitan approach taken.