bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Behavior of Charged Star Block Copolymers at Fluids Interface
Authors: Chen Zhan , Ribbe Alexander E. , Steinmetz Christian , Coughlin E. Bryan , Hu Mingqiu , Gan Xuchen , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe phase behavior of block copolymers (BCPs) at the water‐oil interface is influenced by the segmental interaction parameter (
) and chain architecture. We synthesized a series of star block copolymers (s‐BCPs) having polystyrene (PS) as core and poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP) as corona. The interaction parameters of block‐block (
PS‐P2VP) and block‐solvent (
P2VP‐solvent) were varied by adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution. Lowering pH increased the fraction of quaternized‐P2VP (Q‐P2VP) with enhanced hydrophilicity. By transferring the equilibrated interfacial assemblies, morphologies ranging from bicontinuous films at pH of 7 and 3.1 to nanoporous and nanotubular structure at pH of 0.65 were observed. The nanoporous films formed hexagonally packed pores in s‐BCP matrix, while nanotubes comprised Q‐P2VP as corona and PS as core. Control over pore size, d‐spacing between pores, and nanotube diameters was achieved by varying polymer concentration, molecular weight, volume fraction and arm number of s‐BCPs. Large‐scale nanoporous films were obtained by freeze‐drying emulsions. Remarkably, the morphologies of linear BCPs were inverted, forming hexagonal‐packed rigid spherical micelles with Q‐P2VP as core and PS as corona in multilayer. This work provides insights of phase behaviors of BCP at fluids interface and offer a facile approach to prepare nanoporous film with well‐controlled pore structure.
Valorization of kapok fiber by phosphorylation with a reactive phosphorus‐ and nitrogen‐containing flame retardant for enhanced fire safety
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Fang , Tang Ren‐Cheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKapok fiber (KF) with a naturally hollow structure has found an increasing application in filling and composite materials, most of which have a demand of flame retardancy. To realize this high‐value utilization, KF was phosphorylated by a reactive phosphorus‐ and nitrogen‐containing flame retardant for enhanced fire safety. The flame retardant was first synthesized by the reaction of urea and diethylene triamine pentakis (methyl phosphonic acid) (a commercially available scale inhibitor) with low cost, and then, applied in the phosphorylation of KF in the presence of dicyandiamide. In thermogravimetric analysis, phosphorylated KF showed 38.1% residue weight in nitrogen and 10.2% residue weight in air at 700°C, whereas the residue weight of KF was 8.4% in nitrogen and 1.5% in air. In microcalorimetric analysis, the heat release capacity and total heat release of phosphorylated KF displayed a reduction of 81% and 55%, respectively. In vertical combustion test, phosphorylated KF was difficult to ignite and had no afterburning or smoldering. The tests indicated that phosphorylated KF had excellent charring properties, low heat release, and good flame retardancy. This work suggests a promising strategy of enhancing the flame retardancy of KF and increasing its applicability in filling and composite materials.
Ultrafast Demagnetization Through Femtosecond Generation of Non‐Thermal Magnons
Authors: Weißenhofer Markus , Oppeneer Peter M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUltrafast laser excitation of ferromagnetic metals gives rise to correlated, highly non‐equilibrium dynamics of electrons, spins and lattice, which are, however, poorly described by the widely‐used three‐temperature model. Here, a fully ab initio parameterized out‐of‐equilibrium theory based on a quantum kinetic approach – termed (N+2) temperature model – is developed to describe magnon occupation dynamics due to electron‐magnon scattering. This model is applied to perform quantitative simulations on the ultrafast, laser‐induced generation of magnons in iron and demonstrates that on these timescales the magnon distribution is non‐thermal: predominantly high‐energy magnons are created, while the magnon occupation close to the center of the Brillouin zone even decreases, due to a repopulation toward higher energy states via a so‐far‐overlooked scattering term. It is demonstrated that the simple relation between magnetization and temperature computed at equilibrium does not hold in the ultrafast regime. The ensuing Gilbert damping, furthermore, becomes strongly magnon wavevector dependent and requires a description beyond the conventional Landau‐Lifshitz‐Gilbert spin dynamics. The ab initio parameterized calculations show that ultrafast generation of non‐thermal magnons provides a sizable demagnetization within 200 fs in excellent comparison with experimentally observed laser‐induced demagnetizations. This investigation thus emphasizes the importance of non‐thermal magnon excitations for the ultrafast demagnetization process.
Cluster Control for Construction of Bismuth‐Doped Glass Fiber with Broadband Optical Response
Authors: Zhang Ke , Dong Quan , Chen Jingfei , Wei Tianxia , Wang Dazhao , Li Hongwei , Hou Dianhao , Yan Jianfeng , Li Xueliang , Feng Xu , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBismuth(Bi)‐doped optical fibers are widely used in various aspects such as fiber lasers and amplifiers. Despite extensive research efforts to explore high‐gain Bi‐doped fibers, the pursuit of Bi‐doped fibers with emission over an extremely wide wavelength range remains unfulfilled. Here, the strategy of cluster control via regulating glass structure is proposed. It is applied to construct Bi‐doped photonic glass with ultra‐broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 343 nm. The strategy is further combined with the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technique with solution doping. The fiber exhibits ultra‐broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) covering the entire fiber communication band (1260–1625 nm). Finally, the fiber exhibits higher optical gain and bandwidth compared with the fiber without cluster control. This device can be utilized to potentially enhance the capacity of telecommunication systems.
Chemical Methods to Identify Epigenetic Modifications in Cytosine Bases
Authors: N Madhumitha , Kumar Parvathy S. , Manna Debasish 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChemical modifications to Cytosine bases are among the most studied epigenetic markers and their detection in the human genome plays a crucial role in gaining more insights about gene regulation, prognosis of genetic disorders and unraveling genetic inheritance patterns. The Cytosine methylated at the 5th position and oxidized derivatives thereof generated in the demethylation pathways, perform separate and unique epigenetic functions in an organism. As the presence of various Cytosine modifications is associated with diverse diseases, including cancer, there has been a strong focus on developing methods, both chemical and alternative approaches, capable of detecting these modifications at a single‐base resolution across the entire genome. In this comprehensive review, we aim to consolidate the various chemical methods and understanding their chemistry that have been established to date for the detection of various Cytosine modifications.
Fair funding for pupils with special educational needs and disability in England?
Authors: Marsh Alan J. , Gray Peter , Norwich Brahm 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSchool funding formulas have been applied across a number of countries for at least the last 50 years. A national funding formula (NFF) was introduced in England in 2018 and aims to provide a platform for fair funding across the country. This study explores the variations in the NFF's high needs block (HNB) funding and examines links with the use of specialist provision by English local authorities (LAs) for children with special educational needs and disability. The findings demonstrate significant and continuing differences in HNB funding between demographically similar LAs, notwithstanding a £3.5 billion (75%) HNB increase in real terms in the decade since 2013, which could have supported a shift towards a more equitable position. Published HNB funding for 2023–24 now varies by up to £49m in comparator LAs. Differences are largely the result of the persistent use of a historical factor in the formula and a ceiling on levels of income growth for lower funded LAs. The research also shows a significant link between HNB funding and the use of specialist provision. The discussion investigates how far the UK government's policy commitment to a more equitable system of HNB funding is matched by the reality, and the degree to which funding is based on need rather than demand or history.
The link between teacher buy‐in and intentions to continue working in their current school
Authors: Jerrim John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious research has found school working conditions—particularly school leadership—to be linked to teacher retention. At the same time, evidence from the management literature has suggested that obtaining ‘buy‐in’ from staff is critical to employee performance and instigating change. This paper brings these two literatures together, being the first study to explore the relationship between buy‐in and teachers' plans to continue working at their current school. The analysis illustrates how teachers who buy into the leadership team's strategy are much more likely to intend to continue working at the school, over and above their views on workload, pay and the quality of their relationships with their colleagues. We conclude by considering what school leaders might do to improve buy‐in amongst their staff, while also highlighting areas where further research is needed.
Control strategy for biopharmaceutical production by model predictive control
Authors: Eslami Touraj , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry is rapidly advancing, driven by the need for cutting‐edge technologies to meet the growing demand for life‐saving treatments. In this context, Model Predictive Control (MPC) has emerged as a promising solution to address the complexity of modern biopharmaceutical production processes. Its ability to optimize operations and ensure consistent product yields has made it an attractive option for manufacturers in this sector. Furthermore, MPC's alignment with the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative provides an additional layer of assurance, facilitating real‐time monitoring and enabling swift adjustments to maintain process integrity. This comprehensive review delves into the various applications of MPC, ranging from robust control to stochastic model predictive control, thereby equipping biotechnologists and process engineers with a powerful toolset. By harnessing the capabilities of MPC, as elucidated in this review, manufacturers can confidently navigate the intricate bioprocessing landscape and unlock this approach's full potential in their production processes.
Heterogeneity‐induced NGF‐NGFR communication inefficiency promotes mitotic spindle disorganization in exhausted T cells through PREX1 suppression to impair the anti‐tumor immunotherapy with PD‐1 mAb in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Tongwang , Shi Shangheng , Xu Chuanshen , Wang Feng , Dai Deshu , Guan Ge , Zhang Yong , Wang Shuxian , Wang Jianhong , Zhang Bingliang , Liu Peng , Bai Xiaoshuai , Jin Yan , Li Xinqiang , Zhu Cunle , Chen Dexi , Xu Qingguo , Guo Yuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of decreased T cells infiltrating tumor tissues in hepatocellular carcinoma is poorly understood.MethodsCells were separated from the single‐cell RNA‐sequence dataset of hepatocellular carcinoma patients (GSE149614) for cell‐cell communication. Flow cytometry, EDU staining, H3‐Ser28 staining, confocal immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and naked microsubcutaneous tumors were performed for the mechanism of NGF‐NGFR promoting proliferation.ResultsThe present study has revealed that during the process of T‐cell infiltration from adjacent tissues to tumor tissues, an inefficiency in NGF‐NGFR communication occurs in the tumor tissues. Importantly, NGF secreted by tumor cells interacts with NGFR present on the membranes of the infiltrated T cells, thereby promoting the proliferation through the activation of mitotic spindle signals. Mechanistically, the mediation of mitotic spindle signal activation promoting proliferation is executed by HDAC1‐mediated inhibition of unclear trans‐localization of PREX1. Furthermore, PD‐1 mAb acts synergistically with the NGF‐NGFR communication to suppress tumor progression in both mouse models and HCC patients. Additionally, NGF‐NGFR communication was positively correlates with the PD‐1/PDL‐1 expression. However, expressions of NGF and NGFR are low in tumor tissues, which is responsible for the invasive clinicopathological features and the disappointing prognosis in HCC patients.ConclusionInefficiency in NGF‐NGFR communication impairs PD‐1 mAb immunotherapy and could thus be utilized as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of HCC patients in clinical practice.
Educational outcomes in siblings of childhood leukemia survivors: Factors associated with school difficulties and comparison with general population
Authors: Faust Cindy , Auquier Pascal , Gandemer Virginie , Bertrand Yves , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Ansoborlo Sophie , Baruchel André , Bonneau Jacinthe , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Chastagner Pascal , Kanold Justyna , Poirée Maryline , Theron Alexandre , Olivier Laura , Pellier Isabelle , Michel Gérard , Berbis Julie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the educational outcomes of siblings of childhood leukemia survivors, explore determinants of school difficulties, and compare the rates of repeating grades between siblings and the general population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of childhood leukemia survivors' siblings recruited through the Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent cohort, a French long‐term follow‐up program, was conducted, and education‐related data were obtained via self‐report questionnaires. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to identify variables associated with school difficulties and time since diagnosis. Rates of repeating a grade in middle school were compared between siblings and the general population of the same generation.ResultsA total of 564 siblings with a mean time from diagnosis of 14.1 ± 6.4 years were included, among whom 139 (24.6%) repeated a grade, at an average of 6.4 ± 4.5 years after diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for repeating a grade were older siblings (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, p = 0.006), family financial difficulties (OR 2.8, p = 0.008), and history of repetition in survivors (OR, 2.5, p = 0.001). Sibling hematopoietic stem cell donors were at greater risk of repeating a grade long‐term after diagnosis (p = 0.018). Overall, siblings did not have a higher risk of educational delays at the end of middle school than the general population.ConclusionAlthough the results are reassuring, socioeconomic and cancer‐related factors may have an impact on siblings' schooling long after diagnosis. Paying attention to siblings contributes to identifying the most vulnerable families, allowing more attention and appropriate resources to avoid long‐term repercussions. Additionally, supportive and targeted interventions can be developed to improve the organization of education and the health care system.
An analysis of the relationship of triglyceride glucose index with gastric cancer prognosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Cai Chao , Chen Cheng , Lin Xiuli , Zhang Huihui , Shi Mingming , Chen Xiaolei , Chen Weisheng , Chen Didi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionGastric cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, is affected by insulin resistance. The triglyceride glucose (TYG) index is considered a surrogate indicator of insulin resistance; however, its prognostic value in patients with gastric cancer remains obscure. This study aimed to determine whether the TYG index could predict the long‐term prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after radical resection gastrectomy.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical resection gastrectomy. The preoperative TYG index was calculated using the patients' laboratory data. Patients were divided into two groups based on a high or low TYG index. We observed overall survival and evaluated the clinical application value of the index using Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate independent parameters. A prediction model was also established.ResultsIn total, 822 patients with gastric cancer were included. The high and low TYG index groups comprised 353 and 469 patients, respectively. The overall survival time was significantly longer in the high‐index group than in the low‐index group. In the multivariate analysis, TYG index, preoperative age, surgical procedure, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, N stage, and postoperative complications (all p < 0.01) were considered independent prognostic predictors. Based on the multivariate analysis, the riglyceride glucose (TYG) index hazard ratio was 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.89, p = 0.004).ConclusionsWe established a model with a high clinical application value and clinical practice relevance to predict the prognosis of gastric cancer. In this model, TYG was an independent protective factor for gastric cancer prognosis.
Association of area‐level mortgage denial and guideline‐concordant non‐small‐cell lung cancer care and outcomes in the United States
Authors: Fan Qinjin , Hussaini S. M. Qasim , Barrow Lauren C. J. , Feliciano Josephine L. , Pollack Craig E. , Yabroff K. Robin , Nogueira Leticia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRacial and socioeconomic disparities in receipt of care for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are well described. However, no previous studies have evaluated the association between mortgage denial rates and receipt of timely and guideline‐concordant care for NSCLC and patient outcomes.MethodsWe identified individuals ≥18 years diagnosed with NSCLC between 2014 and 2019 from the National Cancer Database. Using the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act database, we calculated the proportion of denied home loans to total loans at the zip‐code level and categorized them into quintiles. Our outcomes included receipt of guideline‐concordant care based on clinical and pathologic stage at diagnosis and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, time from surgery to chemotherapy initiation, and overall survival.ResultsOf the 629,288 individuals diagnosed with NSCLC (median age 69; IQR 61–76 years, 49.1% female), 47.8% did not receive guideline‐concordant care. Residing in areas with higher mortgage denial rates and lower income was associated with worse guideline‐concordant care overall (aRR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.25–1.32) and for each cancer treatment modality, worse receipt of timely chemotherapy (aHR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.11–1.17) and worse overall survival (aHR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.19–1.22), compared with residing in areas with the lowest mortgage denial rate and highest income.ConclusionsArea‐level mortgage denial rate was associated with worse receipt of timely and guideline‐concordant NSCLC care and survival. This highlights the critical need to understand and address systemic practices, such as mortgage denial, that limit access to resources and are associated with worse access to quality cancer care and outcomes.
Accessibility and affirmation in counselling: An exploration into neurodivergent clients' experiences
Authors: Jones Faith , Hamilton Jenny , Kargas Niko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeurodivergence is having ‘a mind that functions in ways which diverge significantly from the dominant societal standards of “normal”’ (Walker, 2021, p. 33; Neuroqueer Heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity Paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities). The neurodiversity paradigm reframes the medical model of neurodivergence within the social context of disability (den Houting, 2018 [Autism, 23, 171]; Dwyer, 2022 [Human Development, 66, 73]). Research converges counselling and neurodiversity in a disorder‐specific context, for example, the wide range of barriers of access to counselling that autistic individuals face (Hallett & Kerr, 2020 [You need support, validation, good coping skills. You need and deserve acceptance]). More recent literature points towards the need for a flexible, clear approach to neurodivergence‐informed counselling (Bolton, 2023b [Three ideas in person‐centered, neurodivergent‐affirming therapy]; Chapman & Botha, 2022 [Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 65, 310]; Pantazakos, 2023 [Counselling and Psychotherapy Research]). This research aimed to explore whether lived experiences of neurodivergent individuals within counselling were accessible, validating and affirming, in particular, regarding reasonable adjustments, communication and environment. An inductive, qualitative approach was adopted. Five individuals participated in semi‐structured interviews, which were analysed following a six‐phase approach to thematic analysis. Six main themes were found: (1) Feelings of frustration and confusion at language used in counselling; (2) Feelings of clarity and validation in language; (3) Feelings of overwhelm due to uncertainty and masking; (4) Feeling understood, heard and able to self‐advocate; (5) The need for a safe, secure sensory environment and accommodations made; and (6) General accessibility and practicalities. Recommendations for practice include amending the counselling contracting process and sensitivity to the communication and sensory needs of each individual client. Further research may wish to explore specific details of the present, and other emergent, neurodiversity research in more detail.
DNAJA1 positively regulates amino acid‐stimulated milk protein and fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Li Zhuolin , Yuan Xiaohan , Wang Yuanhao , Sun Zheya , Ao Jinxia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral cellular processes, including the recovery of misfolded proteins, the folding of polypeptide chains, transit of polypeptides across the membrane, construction and disassembly of protein complexes, and modulation of protein control, are carried out by DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 (DNAJA1), which belongs to the DnaJ heat‐shock protein family. It is unknown if DNAJA1 regulates the production of milk in bovine mammary epithelium cells (BMECs). Methionine and leucine increased DNAJA1 expression and nuclear location, as seen by us. In contrast to DNAJA1 knockdown, overexpression of DNAJA1 boosted the production of milk proteins and fats as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c). As a result of amino acids, mTOR and SREBP‐1c gene expression are stimulated, and DNAJA1 is a positive regulator of BMECs' amino acid‐induced controlled milk protein and fat production.