bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piezomagnetic fields generated by the gas injection process in Hutubi ultralarge underground gas storage system (China)
Authors: Wang Zhendong , Yamazaki Ken'ichi , Chen Shuanggui , Feng Lili 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The fundamental behaviours of rock magnetism (piezomagnetic characteristics) at the field scale have not been confirmed because conventional experiments can be performed only in the laboratory. Here, the periodic extraction and injection of gas in the Hutubi ultralarge underground gas storage (UGS) system are used to simulate the stress loading and unloading processes at the field scale. We treat 26 gas wells in the UGS system as a multipoint-source Mogi model and calculate models of the piezomagnetic field generated during the operation of the UGS system. These models show that the local magnetic field (LMF) in the southern and central areas of the UGS system showed positive changes. In contrast, the northern area showed negative changes, and the amplitude of the negative changes was smaller than that of the positive changes. Changes in the Curie point depth and gas volume do not significantly alter the spatial characteristics of the LMF.
Challenges and dynamics of public health reporting and data exchange during COVID-19: insights from US hospitals
Authors: Jiang John (Xuefeng) , Cram Peter , Qi Kangkang , Bai Ge 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The US health care response during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic unveiled challenges in public health reporting systems and electronic clinical data exchange. Using data from the 2020 and 2022 American Hospital Association information technology supplement surveys, this study examined US hospitals’ experiences in public health reporting, accessing clinical data from external providers for COVID-19 patient care, and their success in reporting vaccine-related adverse events to relevant state and federal agencies. Results showcase significant disparities in reporting practices across government levels due to inconsistent requirements. Although many hospitals leaned toward automated data transmission, a substantial portion continued to depend on manual processes. Pertaining to electronic clinical data, while entities like large commercial laboratories outperformed others, a considerable number were sluggish in delivering critical information. Moreover, a small percentage of hospitals reported challenges in recording vaccine-related adverse events, emphasizing the need for transparent reporting systems. The study underscores the necessity for standardized reporting protocols, explicit directives, and a pivot from manual to automated processes. Tackling these challenges is pivotal for ensuring prompt and reliable data, bolstering future public health responses, and rejuvenating public trust in health institutions.
Fermented natto powder alleviates obesity by regulating LXR pathway and gut microbiota in obesity rats
Authors: Sun Ruiyue , Niu Honghong , Li Yueqiao , Sun Mubai , Hua Mei , Miao Xinyu , Su Ying , Wang Jinghui , Li Da , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the positive effect of natto powder on obese rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods and results
Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with a HFD for 8 weeks continuously and gavaged with natto powder, respectively, for 8 weeks starting from the ninth week. The results showed that natto powder significantly reduced the body weight of rats and maintained the balance of cholesterol metabolism in the body by inhibiting the activity of liver X receptors (LXR) target genes, increasing the active expression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and reducing the active expression of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Furthermore, natto powder increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbiota in gut and decreased the relative abundance of obesity-related harmful bacteria, and also increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and improved the composition of gut microbiota.

Conclusions
Natto powder maintains the balance of cholesterol metabolism by inhibiting the LXR pathway and regulating the gut microbiota.
Bringing Back the Old Religiosity: Interfaith Cosmopolitan Civil Religion (ICCR)
Authors: Lee Song Chong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Highlighting the transformed landscape of political communities in the twenty-first century, I reexamine the discourse of civil religion (DCR). Widely recognized in religious studies and notably in American history, this concept reveals a subtle yet intricately functional framework of community consciousness within political entities. This article posits that the prevalent interpretation of civil religion, and its application across diverse contexts, falls short of effectively reflecting and utilizing the essence identified by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Robert Bellah—classical and modern architects of civil religion, respectively. Many discussions of DCR often disregard the role of the traditional sense of religion and religiousness. Instead, they fixate on superficial symbols and rituals associated with secular institutional bodies and communities. In this article, I contend that reintegrating the ordinary sense of religion into the discourse is crucial for envisioning and constructing a new community consciousness capable of adeptly responding to the burgeoning demands of our highly multicultural world. Following the conceptual roadmap of civil religion, which seeks transcendent, sacred, and unifying narratives, symbols, and rituals, I introduce a new model termed Interfaith, Cosmopolitan Civil Religion (ICCR). Within this model, ordinary religious agents, through interfaith engagement, assume positive roles in nurturing a broader sense of community and unity.
Foxo1 drives the TGFβ1-dependent dichotomy of Th17 cell fates
Authors: Zhang Mengjuan , Guan Yude , Han Meijuan , Kong Fandi , Xu Aoyu , Jin Xiaohan , Hu Xiao , Dong Fang , Zhang Nianchao , Peng Xiuping , Liu Dantong , Chen Yongyan , Zhao Ruxin , Zhu Xiulei , Zhang Yanan , Lu Congcong , Hou Wen , Liu Lei , Li Dan , Zhang Zhihui , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhang Song 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
T-helper 17 cells play a dual role in immunological responses, serving as essential components in tissue homeostasis and host defense against microbial pathogens while also contributing to proinflammatory conditions and autoimmunity. While transforming growth factor β1 is pivotal for the differentiation of nonpathogenic T-helper 17 cells, the role of transforming growth factor β3 and activin in steering T-helper 17 cells toward a pathogenic phenotype has been acknowledged. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this dichotomy remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Foxo1 is upregulated in a transforming growth factor β1 dose-dependent manner, serving as a critical regulator that specifically modulates the fate of pathogenic T-helper 17 cells. Analyses in both patients with uveitis and an experimental autoimmune uveitis mouse model reveal a strong correlation between disease severity and diminished Foxo1 expression levels. Ectopic expression of Foxo1 selectively attenuates T-helper 17A production under pathogenic T-helper 17–inducing conditions. Moreover, enhanced Foxo1 expression, triggered by transforming growth factor β1 signaling, is implicated in fatty acid metabolism pathways that favor nonpathogenic T-helper 17 differentiation. Our drug screening identifies several US Food and Drug Administration–approved compounds can upregulate Foxo1. Collectively, our findings offer evidence that Foxo1 serves as a molecular switch to specifically control pathogenic vs nonpathogenic T-helper 17 differentiation in a transforming growth factor β1–dependent manner. Targeting Foxo1 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.
Geopolitics and Genocide: Patron Interests, Client Crises, and Realpolitik
Authors: Nanlohy Sascha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Genocide is a catastrophic event in international relations. States that experience genocide often have powerful external patrons that influence its likelihood. Yet, the external dynamics of genocide are often overlooked. This paper examines the constraining or enabling role of external patrons and what motivates their decisions. This research theorizes that patron states can permit or restrain genocide, depending on their interests in the client state. The study uses a qualitative comparative case analysis to focus on the role of patron military assistance, comparing genocide in Rwanda (1990–1994), and the role of France with the high-risk non-genocide in Nagorno-Karabakh (1991–1994) and Russian support to Armenia. I argue that patron actions can be understood through the prism of great or regional power competition and are generally determined by motivations conforming to a logic of realpolitik; the prospect of loss of influence significantly affects the likelihood of genocide. These processes can be observed through variations in patron military assistance and patterns of violence. A better understanding of these dynamics is critical to the study of international relations and international security, with policy implications for atrocity prevention in a period of intensifying great power competition.
Stomatal effects and ABA metabolism mediate differential regulation of leaf and flower cooling in tomato cultivars exposed to heat and drought stress
Authors: Bjerring Jensen Nikolaj , Vrobel Ondřej , Akula Nageshbabu Nagashree , De Diego Nuria , Tarkowski Petr , Ottosen Carl-Otto , Zhou Rong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Co-occurring heat and drought stresses challenge crop performance. Stomata open to promote evaporative cooling during heat stress, but close to retain water during drought stress, which resulted in complex stomatal regulation under combined heat and drought. We aimed to investigate stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers of perennial, indeterminate cultivars of tomatoes subjected to individual and combined heat and drought stress followed by a recovery period, measuring morphological, physiological, and biochemical factors involved in stomatal regulation. Under stress, stomata of leaves were predominantly affected by drought, with lower stomatal density and stomatal closing, resulting in significantly decreased photosynthesis and higher leaf temperature. Conversely, stomata in sepals seemed affected mainly by heat during stress. The differential patterns in stomatal regulation in leaves and flowers persisted into the recovery phase as contrasting patterns in stomatal density. We show that flower transpiration is regulated by temperature, but leaf transpiration is regulated by soil water availability during stress. Organ-specific patterns of stomatal development and abscisic acid metabolism mediated this phenomenon. Our results throw light on the dual role of stomata in heat and drought tolerance of vegetative and generative organs, and demonstrate the importance of considering flower surfaces in the phenotyping of stomatal reactions to stress.
The Halo21 absorption modelling challenge: lessons from ‘observing’ synthetic circumgalactic absorption spectra
Authors: Hafen Zachary , Sameer  , Hummels Cameron , Charlton Jane , Mandelker Nir , Wijers Nastasha , Bullock James , Faerman Yakov , Lehner Nicolas , Stern Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
In the Halo21 absorption modelling challenge we generated synthetic absorption spectra of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), and attempted to estimate the metallicity, temperature, and density (Z, T, and nH) of the underlying gas using observational methods. We iteratively generated and analysed three increasingly complex data samples: ion column densities of isolated uniform clouds, mock spectra of 1–3 uniform clouds, and mock spectra of high-resolution turbulent mixing zones. We found that the observational estimates were accurate for both uniform cloud samples, with Z, T, and nH retrieved within 0.1 dex of the source value for $\gtrsim 90~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of absorption systems. In the turbulent-mixing scenario, the mass, temperature, and metallicity of the strongest absorption components were also retrieved with high accuracy. However, the underlying properties of the subdominant components were poorly constrained because the corresponding simulated gas contributed only weakly to the H i absorption profiles. On the other hand, including additional components beyond the dominant ones did improve the fit, consistent with the true existence of complex cloud structures in the source data.
Formation of collisional ring galaxies in Milgromian dynamics
Authors: Ma Li , Wu Xufen 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Ring galaxies are rare in the Universe. A head-on or off-centre collision between an intruder galaxy and a disc galaxy leads to a collisional ring galaxy (CRG) when the intruder-to-target mass ratio (ITMR) is over 0.1 in Newtonian dynamics. Within the framework of Milgromian dynamics, the strong equivalence principle is violated due to the presence of an external field. When two galaxies collide towards each other, the dynamical mass of the phantom dark halo in a galaxy is suppressed by the external field induced by the other galaxy. As a consequence of such suppression, the gravitational perturbation for the target galaxy introduced by a collision is weakened. In this case, a minor collision may not be capable of generating a CRG. In this work, we address this issue and perform a series of numerical simulations of collisions by tuning the values of ITMR. We find that the critical ITMR is 0.5 in MOND, which is much larger than that in Newtonian dynamics. The observed massive ring galaxies, such as Arp 147, can be effectively interpreted by CRGs in Milgrom’s Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). This interpretation does not necessitate the presence of dark matter halos for either the target or intruder galaxies. Moreover, for a larger inclination angle or a larger impact parameter, the off-centred ring structure is fainter. The larger critical ITMR indicates that it is harder to form a CRG in MOND. To account for the observed ring structures of the NGC 922-like galaxies in MOND, it is necessary to invoke other scenarios than a dry minor collision.
How negative feedback and the ambient environment limit the influence of recombination in common envelope evolution
Authors: Chamandy Luke , Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan , Blackman Eric G , Frank Adam , Tu Yisheng , Liu Baowei , Zou Yangyuxin , Nordhaus Jason 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We perform 3D hydrodynamical simulations to study recombination and ionization during the common envelope (CE) phase of binary evolution, and develop techniques to track the ionic transitions in time and space. We simulate the interaction of a $2\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ red giant branch primary and a $1\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ companion modelled as a particle. We compare a run employing a tabulated equation of state (EOS) that accounts for ionization and recombination, with a run employing an ideal gas EOS. During the first half of the simulations, ∼15 per cent more mass is unbound in the tabulated EOS run due to the release of recombination energy, but by simulation end the difference has become negligible. We explain this as being a consequence of (i) the tabulated EOS run experiences a shallower inspiral and hence smaller orbital energy release at late times because recombination energy release expands the envelope and reduces drag, and (ii) collision and mixing between expanding envelope gas, ejecta and circumstellar ambient gas assists in unbinding the envelope, but does so less efficiently in the tabulated EOS run where some of the energy transferred to bound envelope gas is used for ionization. The rate of mass unbinding is approximately constant in the last half of the simulations and the orbital separation steadily decreases at late times. A simple linear extrapolation predicts a CE phase duration of ${\sim}2\, {\rm yr}$, after which the envelope would be unbound.
Dynamical instability in multi-orbiter systems with gas friction
Authors: Li Jiaru , Rodet Laetitia , Lai Dong 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Closely packed multiplanet systems are known to experience dynamical instability if the spacings between the planets are too small. Such instability can be tempered by the frictional forces acting on the planets from gaseous discs. A similar situation applies to stellar-mass black holes embedded in active galactic nuclei discs around supermassive black holes. We use N-body integrations to evaluate how the frictional damping of orbital eccentricity affects the growth of dynamical instability for a wide range of K (the difference in the planetary semimajor axes in units of the mutual Hill radius) and (unequal) planet masses. We find that, in general, the stable region (large K) and unstable region (small K) are separated by a “grey zone”, where the (in)stability is not guaranteed. We report the numerical values of the critical spacing for stability Kcrit and the “grey zone” range in different systems, and provide fitting formulae for arbitrary frictional forcing strength. We show that the stability of a system depends on the damping time-scale τ relative to the zero-friction instability growth time-scale tinst: two-planet systems are stable if tinst ≳ τ; three-planet systems require tinst ≳ 10τ−100τ. When K is sufficiently small, tinst can be less than the synodic period between the planets, which makes frictional stabilization unlikely to occur. As K increases, tinst tends to grow exponentially, but can also fluctuate by a few orders of magnitude. We also devise a linear map to analyse the dynamical instability of the “planet + test mass” system, and find qualitative agreement with N-body simulations.
Polarization and single-pulse micro-structure studies of Rotating Radio Transient J0139+3336 with FAST
Authors: Dang S J , Yuan J P , Shang L H , Xu X , Tedila H M , Wen Z G , Yan W M , Bai J T , Li Q Y , Xiao S , Zhao R S , Zhi Q J , Dong A J , Wu Q D , Rukiye Rejep , Zhang D D , Yang H , Wu C B , Yuen R 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The study of polarization and micro-structure is very important for understanding the radiation mechanism of Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs). Due to the limitations of telescope sensitivity and time resolution, studies of the polarization and micro-structure of RRATs have been rare in the past. In this work, we report on a high-time resolution and full polarization observation of RRAT J0139+3336 with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST). A total of 96 burst pulses were detected in the 3-h observation. The degrees of linear and circular polarization and the shape of the polarization position angle (PPA) of the single pulses vary significantly. The average profile displays a small degree of linear and circular polarization, and the PPA exhibits a remarkably smooth and steep S-shaped curve, which are also characteristics of pulsars. The circular polarization in some single pulses demonstrates a clear sign change. We discuss the geometric structure of the emission beam based on the results from fitting the RVM model to the changes in the PPA. Using an autocorrelation analysis, the quasi-periodic micro-structure in the single pulse emission is detected with a median period of about 0.91 ms. We show that the position of RRAT J0139+3336 on the P–Pμ diagram falls in the normal pulsar (NP) region . The radio emission of RRAT J0139+3336 shows unique properties, such as the sign change in the circular polarization and quasi-periodicity in the micro-structure, which will provide important clues to the emission mechanism of RRATs.
A physical picture for the acoustic resonant drag instability
Authors: Magnan Nathan , Heinemann Tobias , Latter Henrik N 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Mixtures of gas and dust are pervasive in the Universe, from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and molecular clouds to protoplanetary discs. When the two species drift relative to each other, a large class of instabilities can arise, called ‘resonant drag instabilities’ (RDIs). The most famous RDI is the streaming instability, which plays an important role in planet formation. On the other hand, acoustic RDIs, the simplest kind, feature in the winds of cool stars, AGNs, or starburst regions. Unfortunately, owing to the complicated dynamics of two coupled fluids (gas and dust), the underlying physics of most RDIs is mysterious. In this paper, we develop a clear physical picture of how the acoustic RDI arises and support this explanation with transparent mathematics. We find that the acoustic RDI is built on two coupled mechanisms. In the first, the converging flows of a sound wave concentrate dust. In the second, a drifting dust clump excites sound waves. These processes feed into each other at resonance, thereby closing an unstable feedback loop. This physical picture helps decide where and when RDIs are most likely to happen, and what can suppress them. Additionally, we find that the acoustic RDI remains strong far from resonance. This second result suggests that one can simulate RDIs without having to fine-tune the dimensions of the numerical domain.
Intrinsic alignment from multiple shear estimates: a first application to data and forecasts for stage IV
Authors: MacMahon-Gellér Charlie , Leonard C Danielle 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Without mitigation, the intrinsic alignment (IA) of galaxies poses a significant threat to achieving unbiased cosmological parameter constraints from precision weak lensing surveys. Here, we apply for the first time to data a method to extract the scale dependence of the IA contribution to galaxy–galaxy lensing, which takes advantage of the difference in alignment signal as measured by shear estimators with different sensitivities to galactic radii. Using data from Year 1 of the Dark Energy Survey, with shear estimators METACALIBRATION and IM3SHAPE, we investigate and address method systematics including non-trivial selection functions, differences in weighting between estimators, and multiplicative bias. We obtain a null detection of IA, which appears qualitatively consistent with existing work. We then forecast the application of this method to Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) data and place requirements on a pair of shear estimators for detecting IA and constraining its 1-halo scale dependence. We find that for LSST Year 1, shear estimators should have at least a 40 per cent difference in IA amplitude, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of their shape noise should be at least ρ = 0.50, to ensure a 1σ detection of IA and a constraint on its 1-halo scale dependence with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 1. For Year 10, a 1σ detection and constraint become possible for 20 per cent differences in alignment amplitude and ρ = 0.50.
PeVatron candidate SNR G106.3+2.7 in a low-density cavity: a multiwavelength test
Authors: Bao Yiwei , Liu Ruo-Yu , Ge Chong , Chen Yang 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we constrain the density of the interstellar medium (ISM) around the hadronic PeVatron candidate, supernova remnant (SNR) G106.3+2.7, based on X-ray and γ-ray observations. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the influence of the gaseous environment on this SNR as a proton PeVatron candidate. By modelling the self-regulated propagation of the cosmic rays (CRs) injected from the SNR, we calculate the γ-ray emission of CRs via the hadronuclear interactions with the molecular cloud and the ISM, and use the measured γ-ray flux to constrain the ISM density around the SNR. Our results support the picture that the SNR is expanding into a low-density ($\lt 0.05\, {\rm cm}^{-3}$) cavity, enabling the SNR to be a potential proton PeVatron despite that it is presently not in the very early phase.