bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Strategies for the Prevention of Immune Toxicities Associated with T cell–Engaging Cancer Therapies
Authors: Kowalski Andrew , Lykon Jill , Diamond Benjamin , Coffey David G. , Kaddoura Marcella , Maura Francesco , Hoffman James E. , Kazandjian Dickran , Landgren Ola 
Published: January 2024

Summary:
Immune-related toxicities including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are common side effects of bispecific antibody and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies of hematologic malignancies. As anti-inflammatory therapy (the standard of care) is variably effective in mitigating these toxicities after onset, here we discuss emerging evidence for shifting the strategy from mitigation to prevention.
Efficacy of Immediate Antihypertensive Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Different Blood Pressure Genetic Variants
Authors: Zhai Yujia , Chen Hongyu , Che Bizhong , Liu Yang , Peng Yanbo , Chen Jing , Xu Tan , He Jiang , Zhang Yonghong , Zhong Chongke 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
It remains unclear whether blood pressure (BP) genetic variants could modify the efficacy of immediate antihypertensive treatment after acute ischemic stroke. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CATIS (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke) to investigate the effect of early antihypertensive treatment on clinical outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke according to 5 BP-associated genetic variants.

METHODS:
The CATIS randomized 4071 patients with acute ischemic stroke with elevated systolic BP to receive antihypertensive treatment or discontinue all antihypertensive agents during hospitalization. Randomization was conducted centrally and was stratified by participating hospitals and use of antihypertensive medications. Five BP-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs16849225, rs17030613, rs1173766, rs6825911, and rs35444 in FIGN-GRB14, ST7L-CAPZA1, NPR3, ENPEP, and near TBX3, respectively) were genotyped among 2590 patients. The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability at 14 days or hospital discharge. A weighted BP genetic risk score was constructed by the 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms.

RESULTS:

At 14 days or hospital discharge, the primary outcome was not significantly different between antihypertensive treatment and control groups based on genotype subgroups for all 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (all
P
>0.05 for interaction). In addition, the BP genetic risk score did not modify the effect of antihypertensive treatment. The odds ratios (95% CIs) for the primary outcome were 0.95 (0.71–1.26), 1.08 (0.80–1.44), and 0.91 (0.69–1.22) in patients with low, intermediate, and high BP genetic risk score, respectively (
P
=0.88 for interaction).

CONCLUSIONS:
Early antihypertensive treatment had a neutral effect on clinical outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke according to 5 BP-associated genetic variants.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01840072.
Sex-Based Analysis of Workflow and Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Alteplase Versus Tenecteplase
Authors: Kim Diana J. , Singh Nishita , Catanese Luciana , Yu Amy Y.X. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Lloret-Villas Mar I. , Deschaintre Yan , Coutts Shelagh B. , Khosravani Houman , Appireddy Ramana , Moreau Francois , Gubitz Gord , Tkach Aleksander , Dowlatshahi Dar , Medvedev George , Mandzia Jennifer , Pikula Aleksandra , Shankar Jai , Williams Heather , Manosalva Herbert , Siddiqui Muzaffar , Zafar Atif , Imoukhuede Oje , Hunter Gary , Phillips Stephen , Hill Michael D. , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Ademola Ayoola , Shamy Michel , Bala Fouzi , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Swartz Richard H. , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. , Menon Bijoy K. , Field Thalia S. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Understanding sex differences in stroke care is important in reducing potential disparities. Our objective was to explore sex differences in workflow efficiency, treatment efficacy, and safety in the AcT trial (Alteplase Compared to Tenecteplase).

METHODS:
AcT was a multicenter, registry-linked randomized noninferiority trial comparing tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg) with alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) in acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 hours of onset. In this post hoc analysis, baseline characteristics, workflow times, successful reperfusion (extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–1), and 90-day mortality were compared by sex. Mixed-effects regression analysis was used adjusting for age, stroke severity, and occlusion site for outcomes.

RESULTS:
Of 1577 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (2019–2022), 755 (47.9%) were women. Women were older (median, 77 [68–86] years in women versus 70 [59–79] years in men) and had a higher proportion of severe strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >15; 32.4% versus 24.9%) and large vessel occlusions (28.7% versus 21.5%) compared with men. All workflow times were comparable between sexes. Women were less likely to achieve functional independence (31.7% versus 39.8%; unadjusted relative risk, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70–0.91]) and had higher mortality (17.7% versus 13.3%; unadjusted relative risk, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.06–1.69]). Adjusted analysis showed no difference in outcomes between sexes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in prognostic factors of age, stroke severity, and occlusion site largely accounted for higher functional dependence and mortality in women. No sex disparities were apparent in workflow quality indicators. Given the integration of the AcT trial into clinical practice, these results provide reassurance that no major sex biases are apparent in acute stroke management throughout participating Canadian centers.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03889249.
Postmarket Surveillance of Neuroendovascular Devices
Authors: Luff Marie K. , Sedrakyan Art , Ansari Sameer A. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Liebeskind David S. 
Published: January 2024

Endovascular devices have catalyzed a global industry for advanced technologies such as flow diverters and stent retrievers. Though adoption of these devices has skyrocketed over the past 30 years, the regulatory landscape for real‐world monitoring is constantly under revision.
Postmarket surveillance is an area of Medical Device Regulation that monitors how devices perform in the real world after regulatory approval. This area of research is underdeveloped globally, with most surveillance relying on passive adverse event data collection from health care systems. The US Food and Drug Administration has not yet established a comprehensive postmarket surveillance strategy for neuroendovascular devices. Postmarket clinical surveillance data are rare; only 4 mandated 522 postmarket neuroendovascular trials exist, and 4 of 14 endovascular registries have published results per ClinicalTrials.gov. The European Union 2017 Medical Device Regulation describes a comprehensive regulatory strategy to address postmarket surveillance, yet it has faced difficult implementation due to resource constraints and concerns such as increased costs and reliance on foreign devices and regulators. More than 50% of manufacturers are planning portfolio reductions, with 33% of the devices from these manufacturers planned for discontinuation. As of April 2022, >85% of 500 000+ previously certified devices were without new certification.
In this article, we describe the current regulatory landscape for postmarket surveillance and support the need for a comprehensive, cost‐efficient postmarket strategy for neurovascular devices while proposing several solutions and considerations. An effective postmarket strategy has numerous benefits, such as promoting patient safety, expanding real‐world data collection, and increased efficiency for approving future devices.
High-resolution diffusion imaging in the unfixed post-mortem infant brain at 7 T
Authors: Wu Wenchuan , Rieger Sebastian W. , Baxter Luke , Adams Eleri , Andersson Jesper L.R. , Cobo Maria M. , Andritsou Foteini , Bastiani Matteo , Fry Ria Evans , Frost Robert , Fitzgibbon Sean , Foxley Sean , Fowler Darren , Gallagher Chris , Howard Amy F.D. , Hajnal Joseph V. , Moultrie Fiona , Monk Vaneesha , Porter David Andrew , Papp Daniel , Price Anthony , Sallet Jerome , Sanders Michael , Wilkinson Dominic , Slater Rebeccah , Miller Karla L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Diffusion MRI of the infant brain allows investigation of the organizational structure of maturing fibers during brain development. Post-mortem imaging has the potential to achieve high resolution by using long scan times, enabling precise assessment of small structures. Technical development for post-mortem diffusion MRI has primarily focused on scanning of fixed tissue, which is robust to effects like temperature drift that can cause unfixed tissue to degrade. The ability to scan unfixed tissue in the intact body would enable post-mortem studies without organ donation, but poses new technical challenges. This paper describes our approach to scan setup, protocol optimization, and tissue protection in the context of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) of neonates. A major consideration was the need to preserve the integrity of unfixed tissue during scanning in light of energy deposition at ultra-high magnetic field strength. We present results from one of the first two subjects recruited to the study, who died on postnatal day 46 at 29+6 weeks postmenstrual age, demonstrating high-quality diffusion MRI data. We find altered diffusion properties consistent with post-mortem changes reported previously. Preliminary voxel-wise and tractography analyses are presented with comparison to age-matched in vivo dHCP data. These results show that high-quality, high-resolution post-mortem data of unfixed tissue can be acquired to explore the developing human brain.
Stress, corticosterone, and colour-change in a toad with dynamic sexual dichromatism
Authors: Gardner Katrina M. , Mennill Daniel J. , Newman Amy E.M. , Doucet Stéphanie M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Animals use colouration to serve diverse functions including camouflage, thermoregulation, and communication. Recent research has revealed that many anurans exhibit drastic colour changes and growing evidence supports that these changes are sexually selected signals. Male yellow toads, Incilius luetkenii, exhibit dynamic sexual dichromatism, changing from mud-brown to lemon-yellow during their brief breeding events. Toads darken when isolated in captivity, which is hypothesized to be a stress response, although the mechanisms driving this change have yet to be experimentally investigated. We confined breeding toads to small terrariums for four hours and predicted that colour and corticosterone levels would change in isolation. We found that toads darkened during isolation, but that corticosterone levels did not change with colour. Our correlational results suggest that corticosterone is not the main driver of colour change in yellow toads and highlight avenues for future research that may enhance our understanding of colour change in anurans.
The Origins of the Peloponnesian War, Chapter IV, and the Development of Spartan Historical Studies
Authors: Hodkinson Stephen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article examines the impact on Spartan historiography of Chapter IV of de Ste. Croix’s Origins of the Peloponnesian War, focusing on his discussions of Spartan politics and society in Sections v–vi. These sections fit oddly within the overall chapter, but they blew a breath of fresh air into Spartan studies through their revisionist approach, intimations of the socio-economic bases of policy-making, and extended accounts of ‘real-life’ political episodes across the classical period. Along with Moses Finley’s near-contemporary article on Sparta, OPW significantly influenced the following generation of British historians (including the author), although they often adopted different interpretations or developed new perspectives on Spartan society only hinted at by de Ste. Croix. OPW also had an important impact on Western European historiography on Spartan politics. Its combination of constitutional and societal approaches gives it an enduring currency in the context of developing Historical Institutionalist approaches to political studies.
Kinetic Energy Cascade Induced by the Interaction of Mean Flow, Topography, and Mesoscale Eddies East of Taiwan: A Scale-to-Scale Analysis
Authors: Xu Lingjing , Yang Dezhou , He Zhiwei , Feng Xingru , Gao Guandong , Cui Xuan , Yin Baoshu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The scale-to-scale kinetic energy (KE) cascade induced by the nonlinear interaction among topography, the Kuroshio, and mesoscale eddies is systematically investigated in the coarse-graining framework based on simulated data from the well-validated Regional Ocean Model System. The KE transfer exhibits inhomogeneous spatial and temporal distributions and varies with length scale. During current–topography interaction, the KE transfers downscale across larger scales and reversely across smaller scales with an inherent separation scale of 150 km northeast of Taiwan, resulting in a significant positive net KE flux for mesoscale motions. The transfer around Suao Ridge is consistently downscaled with significant seasonal variation that is stronger in summer and weaker in winter. South of Suao Ridge, the transfer is one order of magnitude weaker and changes greatly with time. The cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy weakens (enhances) KE transfer in most study areas. In particular, the cyclonic eddy reverses the transfer direction around Suao Ridge. The anticyclonic eddy triggers a significant bidirectional transfer south of Suao Ridge. Analyses show that the special arc-shaped topographic feature and northwestward Kuroshio intrusion current are responsible for the nature of bidirectional KE transfer northeast of Taiwan. The direction of mean current relative to the topography gradient determines the Rossby number magnitude and the KE transfer direction. The large-scale circulation determines the transfer intensity by changing the horizontal shear and barotropic instabilities. The KE transfer caused by nonlinear dynamics contributes significantly to the total anticyclonic eddy-induced net KE flux changes. In particular, the inverse KE cascade plays a key role in net KE flux changes in mesoscale motions east of Taiwan.

Significance Statement
In this work, we clarify the scale-to-scale kinetic energy transfer east of Taiwan. Energy transfer varies in different subareas. It is bidirectional northeast of Taiwan, consistently downscale around Suao Ridge, and weak and variable south of Suao Ridge. These transfer characteristics are closely related to the direction of mean flow relative to the topography gradient. Mesoscale eddies can trigger bidirectional transfer and even reverse the transfer direction. The reverse cascade is as important as the forward cascade for the total mesoscale energy change. This study not only shows an example of KE cascade when strong currents pass through continental slope, sea ridge, and open ocean, but also is of great significance for studying the dynamical and ecological environment variation of marginal sea.
The anterior saphenous vein. Part 1. A position statement endorsed by the American Vein and Lymphatic Society, the American Venous Forum, and the International Union of Phlebology
Authors: Meissner Mark , Boyle Edward M , Labropoulos Nicos , Caggiati Alberto , Drgastin Rachel , Doganci Suat , Gasparis Antonios 
Published: January 2024

Background There is a lack of clarity regarding the terminology of the anterior accessory saphenous vein (AASV) that can impact treatment outcomes. Although use of the word “accessory” implies that the vein is a superficial tributary, evidence supports its role as a truncal vein, similar to the great and small saphenous veins, and warranting a change in terminology. Methods A multisocietal panel was convened by the American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), the Union International of Phlebology (UIP), and the American Venous Forum (AVF). The group was charged with reviewing the existing anatomic and clinical literature pertaining to the term “anterior accessory saphenous vein” and to consider the need for alternative terminology. Conclusion Based on the insights gathered from the literature review and extensive discussions, the panel recommends changing the terminology such that the “anterior accessory saphenous vein” (AASV) now be designated the anterior saphenous vein (ASV).
Changes in Media Reporting Quality and Suicides Following National Media Engagement on Responsible Reporting of Suicide in Canada: Changements de la Qualité des reportages dans les médias sur les suicides suite à l’engagement des médias nationaux à la déclaration responsable du suicide au Canada
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Ekstein Daniella , Prabaharan Nivetha , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Vandermeer Caroline , Schaffer Ayal , Pirkis Jane , Heisel Marnin J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Redelmeier Donald A. , Taylor Paul , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Objective Responsible media reporting is an accepted strategy for preventing suicide. In 2015, suicide prevention experts launched a media engagement initiative aimed at improving suicide-related reporting in Canada; its impact on media reporting quality and suicide deaths is unknown. Method This pre–post observational study examined changes in reporting characteristics in a random sample of suicide-related articles from major publications in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) media market. Articles ( n = 900) included 450 from the 6-year periods prior to and after the initiative began. We also examined changes in suicide counts in the GTA between these epochs. We used chi-square tests to analyse changes in reporting characteristics and time-series analyses to identify changes in suicide counts. Secondary outcomes focused on guidelines developed by media professionals in Canada and how they may have influenced media reporting quality as well as on the overarching narrative of media articles during the most recent years of available data. Results Across-the-board improvement was observed in suicide-related reporting with substantial reductions in many elements of putatively harmful content and substantial increases in all aspects of putatively protective content. However, overarching article narratives remained potentially harmful with 55.2% of articles telling the story of someone's death and 20.8% presenting an other negative message. Only 3.6% of articles told a story of survival. After controlling for potential confounders, a nonsignificant numeric decrease in suicide counts was identified after initiative implementation (ω = −5.41, SE  =  3.43, t  =  1.58, p  =  0.12). Conclusions We found evidence that a strategy to engage media in Canada changed the content of reporting, but there was only a nonsignificant trend towards fewer suicides. A more fundamental change in media narratives to focus on survival rather than death appears warranted.
Assessing potential human health and ecological implications of PFAS from leave-in dental products
Authors: Massarsky Andrey , Parker Jillian A , Gloekler Lauren , Donnell Melinda T , Binczewski Natalie R , Kozal Jordan S , McKnight Taryn , Patterson Andrew , Kreider Marisa L 
Published: January 2024

Contaminated water and food are the main sources of documented per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in humans. However, other sources may contribute to the overall PFAS intake. While several studies documented the presence of PFAS in consumer products, PFAS evaluation in dental products has been limited to floss and tape to date. This study estimated PFAS exposures from a convenience sample of leave-in dental products (night guards and whitening trays), which remain in contact with the mouth for longer durations than previously evaluated dental products. This analysis evaluated whether consumer usage of these dental products meaningfully contributes to oral exposure of PFAS. Leaching of PFAS upon disposal of products was also considered. Out of 24 PFAS measured, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA; 3.24–4.17 ng/product or 0.67–0.83 ng/g) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS; 7.25–16.45 ng/product or 1.2–2.3 ng/g) were detected in night guards, and no PFAS were detected in whitening trays. Non-targeted analysis showed additional possible PFAS, which could not be characterized. The findings showed that PFOS and/or PFBA present in night guards were unlikely to pose a health concern. From an ecological perspective, the dental products examined were shown to constitute a negligible contribution to environmental PFAS. In conclusion, the examined dental products do not represent a significant source of exposure to PFAS for humans or the environment. The study demonstrates how risk assessment can be integrated by the industry into product stewardship programs to evaluate the potential health and environmental impacts of chemicals in consumer products.
Pathogen-wise Clinical Profile, Outcome and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Septic Newborns in Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rangan Ramya Srinivasa , Valvi Chhaya , Nagpal Rema , Kinikar Aarti A. , Rajesh Karyakarte , G. N. Shalini , Aranke Chaiti 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Culture positive sepsis remains to be a leading cause of death in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) mainly among preterm and low birth weight newborns. The objective was to analyze the initial signs of sepsis, antibiotic sensitivity, and outcome of septic newborns in NICU. Methods The demographic data, initial clinical features at suspicion of sepsis, diagnosis, laboratory abnormalities, pathogen isolated and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the septic neonates, and their outcome were documented from their case records. Results A total of 161 culture positive septic newborns, 76.4% were preterm and 54 died of sepsis (33.54%). Early and late onset sepsis was seen in 56 and 109 neonates, respectively. The initial clinical findings at suspicion of sepsis which had a statistical significance were tachycardia in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sepsis, hyperglycemia in Burkholderia, fever in Candida, sclerema in Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and seizures in E. coli sepsis. The cerebrospinal fluid culture positive newborns commonly presented with apnea, poor perfusion, and lethargy. Raised C reactive protein was seen in a higher proportion of newborns with Candida (60%) sepsis and E. coli (50%) sepsis. Severe thrombocytopenia was seen in 53%–62% newborns with gram-negative and fungal sepsis. Metabolic acidosis was seen in all gram-negative sepsis neonates, particularly in >80% cases of Klebsiella and Candida sepsis. Mortality was highest and statistically significant in KP (55.4%) and Citrobacter koseri (55.6%) sepsis ( p = .004). The statistically significant risk factors for mortality included neonates with raised C Reactive Protein (CRP). Most of the gram-negative pathogens were sensitive to colistin and aminoglycosides and resistant to carbapenems. Conclusion Observing the initial clinical features at suspicion of sepsis may help predicting the likely pathogen awaiting the final blood/CSF culture report and knowing the antibiotic sensitivity profile of commonly isolated organisms in our NICU helps in the selection of a rational empirical antibiotic.