bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential longitudinal changes of hippocampal subfields in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Bahnsen Klaas , Wronski Marie‐Louis , Keeler Johanna Louise , King Joseph A. , Preusker Quirina , Kolb Theresa , Weidner Kerstin , Roessner Veit , Bernardoni Fabio , Ehrlich Stefan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder characterized by dietary restriction, fear of gaining weight, and distorted body image. Recent studies indicate that the hippocampus, crucial for learning and memory, may be affected in AN, yet subfield‐specific effects remain unclear. We investigated hippocampal subfield alterations in acute AN, changes following weight restoration, and their associations with leptin levels.MethodsT1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were processed using FreeSurfer. We compared 22 left and right hemispheric hippocampal subfield volumes cross‐sectionally and longitudinally in females with acute AN (n = 165 at baseline, n = 110 after partial weight restoration), healthy female controls (HCs; n = 271), and females after long‐term recovery from AN (n = 79) using linear models.ResultsWe found that most hippocampal subfield volumes were significantly reduced in patients with AN compared with HCs (~−3.9%). Certain areas such as the subiculum exhibited no significant reduction in the acute state of AN, while other areas, such as the hippocampal tail, showed strong decreases (~−9%). Following short‐term weight recovery, most subfields increased in volume. Comparisons between participants after long‐term weight‐recovery and HC yielded no differences. The hippocampal tail volume was positively associated with leptin levels in AN independent of body mass index.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence of differential volumetric differences in hippocampal subfields between individuals with AN and HC and almost complete normalization after weight rehabilitation. These alterations are spatially inhomogeneous and more pronounced compared with other major mental disorders (e.g. major depressive disorder and schizophrenia). We provide novel insights linking hypoleptinemia to hippocampal subfield alterations hinting towards clinical relevance of leptin normalization in AN recovery.
The Acne Education Project: An educational initiative to improve acne health literacy and promote help‐seeking behavior in young adolescents
Authors: Wan Vincent , Selvakumar Rishika , Zhang Qian , Fleming Patrick , Lynde Charles 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is an inflammatory skin condition that is associated with poor acne health literacy. Diminished acne health literacy leads to delays in the access of health care, resulting in mismanagement, disfigurement, and psychosocial morbidity. This study evaluates the potential role of early acne education in young adolescent populations to improve acne health literacy and facilitate help‐seeking behavior.MethodsThe Acne Education Project is a Canadian medical student‐led initiative founded to create evidence‐based resources to increase acne health literacy. A 45‐min interactive Zoom presentation on acne was created and delivered to 2292 students ages 9–13 in British Columbia, Canada. A quality improvement survey was administered pre‐intervention, immediate post‐intervention, and 1‐month post‐intervention to evaluate baseline acne knowledge and knowledge retention to guide presentation and resource development.ResultsResponses from 676 unique individuals were collected. Analysis using linear mixed‐effects models demonstrated that respondents were significantly more confident in their general knowledge of acne, strategies to prevent acne, identification of psychosocial sequelae of acne, and more willing to seek help immediately post‐intervention (p < .001). Differences in scores were not fully preserved in magnitude at the 1‐month post‐intervention assessment. However, students still scored significantly higher in all categories compared to the pre‐intervention baseline (p < .001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that early acne education can improve acne health literacy and promote help‐seeking behavior. Given the potential long‐term implications, further research is needed to explore the long‐term impact of early acne education and the benefit of integrating acne education into the public education curriculum in Canada.
The light spectrum differentially influences morphology, physiology and metabolism of Chrysanthemum × morifolium without affecting biomass accumulation
Authors: Sommer Søren Gjedde , Castro‐Alves Victor , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Strid Åke , Rosenqvist Eva 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of light emitting diodes (LED) gives new possibilities to use the light spectrum to manipulate plant morphology and physiology in plant production and research. Here, vegetative Chrysanthemum × morifolium were grown at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 230 μmol m−2 s−1 under monochromatic blue, cyan, green, and red, and polychromatic red:blue or white light with the objective to investigate the effect on plant morphology, gas exchange and metabolic profile. After 33 days of growth, branching and leaf number increased from blue to red light, while area per leaf, leaf weight fraction, flavonol index, and stomatal density and conductance decreased, while dry matter production was mostly unaffected. Plants grown under red light had decreased photosynthesis performance compared with blue or white light‐grown plants. The primary and secondary metabolites, such as organic acids, amino acids and phenylpropanoids (measured by non‐targeted metabolomics of polar metabolites), were regulated differently under the different light qualities. Specifically, the levels of reduced ascorbic acid and its oxidation products, and the total ascorbate pool, were significantly different between blue light‐grown plants and plants grown under white or red:blue light, which imply photosynthesis‐driven alterations in oxidative pressure under different light regimens. The overall differences in plant phenotype, inflicted by blue, red:blue or red light, are probably due to a shift in balance between regulatory pathways controlled by blue light receptors and/or phytochrome. Although morphology, physiology, and metabolism differed substantially between plants grown under different qualities of light, these changes had limited effects on biomass accumulation.
The impact of photodynamic therapy on skin homeostasis in patients with actinic keratosis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Soto‐Moreno Alberto , Montero‐Vilchez Trinidad , Diaz‐Calvillo Pablo , Molina‐Leyva Alejandro , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AKs), but there is little information on how PDT affects skin barrier function. The objectives of this study are: To compare skin barrier function between skin with AKs and healthy skin and to evaluate the impact of PDT on skin homeostasis in patients with AKs.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in patients with AKs to evaluate epidermal barrier function and skin homeostasis before and 1 ek after receiving PDT.ResultsA total of 21 subjects were included in the study, male/female ratio was 17:4, mean age was 75.86 years. The number of AKS observed before starting treatment was reduced with respect to those diagnosed 1 month after starting PDT (14.83 vs. 1.91, p < 0.0001). Application of PDT for treating AKs modifies epidermal barrier function. Immediately after the first session temperature, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased while pH decreased on lesional skin. After 1‐month follow‐up, the only remained change was the increased in SCH. Higher increases in temperature were observed when using occlusive PDT compared to mixed modality. 5‐ALA and M‐ALA seem to have a similar impact on skin barrier.ConclusionsPDT can improve skin barrier function in patients with AKs. Skin homeostasis parameters can be used to assess efficacy and optimize dosing.
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF NUTMEG OIL SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: Trisna Trisna , Zakaria Muhammad , Saptari Mochamad Ari 
Published: November 2023

The nutmeg oil supply chain has several members, including farmers, collectors, traders, processing industries, and exporters. Every activity along the nutmeg supply chain has an environmental impact due to resources usages such as raw materials, water, and energy. This study aimed to measure the environmental impacts along the nutmeg oil supply chain using a life cycle assessment framework. The effects assessed in this study are greenhouse gas emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and acidification potential (AP). The research stages involve preliminary study, objectives and scope determination, data collection, environmental impacts measurement, and interpretation. The results showed that the most significant environmental impact was the distillation process with greenhouse gas emissions are 22,400 kg CO2, 60kg CH4, and 0.8 kg N2O, GWP of 23,908 kg CO2 (eq), and AP of 34 kg SO2 (eq). Based on identifying of environmental impacts, it is necessary to improve the existing boiler combustion system by using a closed burning system. These study results are the basis for decision-makers to improve the production process, design green supply chain management, and reduce environmental impacts.
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT AS CARBON CAPTURE MATERIAL
Authors: Harmaji Andrie , Febrina Eva , Putri Salsabila Ansari 
Published: November 2023

Greenhouse gas emissions produced by steam-powered electric plants can trigger damage to the atmosphere and increase the average surface temperature below it, resulting in global warming as a manifestation of the operation of power plants. A material is needed to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) gas produced by the power plant. Magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement, commonly called Sorel cement, has the potential to be used as a carbon capture material. MOC is synthesized from magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and water (H2O). This study aimed to find the optimum ratio of MgO:MgCl2:H2O to produce the MOC with highest mechanical properties ranged from 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1. To determine the performance of the resulting MOC, physical, mechanical, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization tests were carried out. MOC with the highest mechanical properties was exposed to a high CO2 gas environment to determine its carbon capture performance. The mechanical testing shows that the best ratio of MgO:MgCl2:H2O was 3:1:1. This produces a hardness value of 43 VHN, a compressive strength of 57 MPa, a flexural strength of 46 MPa, and a modulus of elasticity of 2 GPa. The MOC 3:1:1 shows a CO2 gas capture effectiveness of 36% after 7 days, proven by XRD and SEM. The results of the tests carried out show that MOC has the potential to reduce carbon emissions produced by the steam-powered electric plant industry.
Flow Past a Pair of Separated Porous Spheres using Brinkman model
Authors: T S L Radhika , T Raja Rani 
Published: November 2023

In this work, we obtained an analytical solution to the problem of viscous fluid flow past a pair of porous separated spheres. Stokesian approximation of the Navier-Stokes equation for the viscous fluid governs the flow in the region outside the two spheres, whereas Brinkman's model describes the flow in the porous region (within the spheres). Since the bipolar coordinate system is the most convenient system to represent separated spheres' geometry, we formulated this problem in the bipolar coordinate system. We then eliminated the pressure term from the equations governing the flow in the region outside the spheres, and they got reduced to a separable equation in terms of the stream function. Further, the flow governing equations inside the porous spheres gave rise to the Helmholtz equation. As the Helmholtz equation is not separable in the bipolar system, we used the spherical coordinate system to describe the fluid flow within each separated spheres and solved the resulting problem in the spherical coordinate system. Because of this, the flow variables on either side of the interface (spheres) are in different coordinate systems. To match the values of the field variables at the boundary, we used the transformation equations between the bipolar and spherical systems and transformed all the variables into the bipolar coordinate system. We then solved the governing equations with appropriate boundary conditions for the arbitrary constants and derived expressions for the stream and pressure functions. We plotted the respective functions for various values of the mathematical model's parameters to understand the flow pattern and pressure distribution in the flow domain and noted our observations. This study revealed an intuiting insight that the pressure distribution inside the porous spheres is independent of the non-dimensional parameter related to the medium's permeability and the fluid's viscosity.
INVESTIGATION ON PROPERTIES OF READY MIXED CONCRETE OVER TRANSIT TIME
Authors: Chakraborty Pranta , Farhan Muntasir , Das Shuvo Ranjan , Sen Debasish 
Published: November 2023

Ready-mixed concrete (RMC) is a contemporary item that facilitate to mix concrete in a specialized yard and deliver it at site while ensuring the quality as fresh concrete. The transit time of RMC, which is influenced by road congestion, is important since it may have an impact on the workability and compressive strength of RMC. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of transit time on properties of RMC. In this study, a two-phased experimental program was designed; where RMC has been used with (phase-1) and without admixture (phase-2). Concrete mix-ratio was designed to attain M20 concrete; however, the target strength was 25MPa. Fresh concrete properties, i.e., workability, was measured at designated times (i.e., 0, 45, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210minutes) over a period of 3.5 hours after the mixing of concrete. Over this period, concrete-mixer was continuously rotated at 18-20 rpm speed and cylinders were cast at previously mentioned time intervals. The experimental results showed that transit time has a remarkable impact on workability of RMC when the admixture is not utilized, i.e., slump value reduced from 210 to 25mm over 3.5 hrs. travelling. However, the slump value can be maintained up to 115mm using 1% admixture. In contrast, there is no remarkable impact of transit time on the compressive strength as the average strength in both phases reached or relatively close to the target strength (i.e., 25MPa). The target strength compliance might be attributed to the continuous rotation of the RMC mixer during the transit time
Loss of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake protein 3 impairs skeletal muscle calcium handling and exercise capacity
Authors: Roman Barbara , Mastoor Yusuf , Zhang Yingfan , Gross Dennis , Springer Danielle , Liu Chengyu , Glancy Brian , Murphy Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m) plays an essential role in bioenergetics, and loss of [Ca2+]m homeostasis can trigger diseases and cell death in numerous cell types. Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria occurs via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), which is regulated by three mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake (MICU) proteins localized in the intermembrane space, MICU1, 2, and 3. We generated a mouse model of systemic MICU3 ablation and examined its physiological role in skeletal muscle. We found that loss of MICU3 led to impaired exercise capacity. When the muscles were directly stimulated there was a decrease in time to fatigue. MICU3 ablation significantly increased the maximal force of the KO muscle and altered fibre type composition with an increase in the ratio of type IIb (low oxidative capacity) to type IIa (high oxidative capacity) fibres. Furthermore, MICU3‐KO mitochondria have reduced uptake of Ca2+ and increased phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, indicating that KO animals contain less Ca2+ in their mitochondria. Skeletal muscle from MICU3‐KO mice exhibited lower net oxidation of NADH during electrically stimulated muscle contraction compared with wild‐type. These data demonstrate that MICU3 plays a role in skeletal muscle physiology by setting the proper threshold for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, which is important for matching energy demand and supply in muscle.
imageKey points
Mitochondrial calcium uptake is an important regulator of bioenergetics and cell death and is regulated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and three calcium sensitive regulatory proteins (MICU1, 2 and 3).
Loss of MICU3 leads to impaired exercise capacity and decreased time to skeletal muscle fatigue.
Skeletal muscle from MICU3‐KO mice exhibits a net oxidation of NADH during electrically stimulated muscle contractions, suggesting that MICU3 plays a role in skeletal muscle physiology by matching energy demand and supply.
Effect of Insert Porosity on Combustion Instability in a Lean Premixed Combustor Analyzed by a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Based Phase Reconstruction Technique
Authors: Johnson Mitchell , James Ashley , Agrawal Ajay 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLean premixed (LPM) combustion is very effective at mitigating emissions but is vulnerable to strong thermoacoustic instabilities. A porous insert in the shape of an annular ring placed at the dump plane of the combustor has been proven to be an effective passive technique for mitigating these instabilities across a wide range of operating conditions. However, it is unclear if the change results from the insert geometry or porosity of the insert. In this study, swirl-stabilized LPM combustion is investigated for three configurations—without any insert, with a porous insert, and with a geometrically similar solid insert. Acoustics, flow, and heat release rate behavior of the three test geometries are investigated using diagnostics including dynamic pressure and acoustic probes, particle image velocimetry (PIV), and OH* chemiluminescence (OH*CL) imaging. Synchronized measurements at a fixed equivalence ratio were acquired at 40 kHz using sound probes and at 3.5 kHz using PIV and OH*CL. Results include time-series and spectral measurements of pressure, velocity, and OH*CL, and mode analysis by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). In addition, the dynamics of the instability are investigated by high-resolution phase reconstructions of velocity and OH*CL data using a novel implementation of POD introduced in this work. Results show two different instability modes: a longitudinal instability for the solid insert case and a helical, precessing vortex driven instability for the no insert case. In both cases, the flow field and heat release rate oscillations are coupled to produce the instability. No such coupling or oscillations is observed for the porous insert case. These results ascertain the unique capabilities of the porous insert in protecting against instability from different, simultaneous driving mechanisms and demonstrate that the insert porosity and flow dynamics associated with it are the primary mitigating factors.
Film Cooling Performance on a Turbine Blade With Subregional Compound Angle
Authors: Li Guoqing , Li Ang , Zhang Shen , Wang Chenfeng , Lu Xingen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Under the influence of secondary flow, the film cooling deviates from the flow direction on the turbine blade, which directly results in undesirable uneven film coverage. On the pressure side, the film appears divergent, while on the suction side, it is bunched. To solve this problem, a kind of subregional compound angle is proposed, in which the angle in the spanwise direction is different in different regions depending on the strength and direction of the secondary flow. Four rows of film holes with five kinds of subregional compound angles are provided on the pressure side, while two rows of film holes with different subregional compound angles are provided on the suction side. The Reynolds Average Navier–Stokes (RANS) method of the SST k–ω turbulence model is chosen to solve the above blade arrangement. The results show that a significant improvement can be achieved by the introducing subregional compound injection of the film coolant compared to the case of simple injection. In compound injection, the injectant maintains sufficient momentum to prevent the coolant from being swept away by the secondary flow. This was found to be largely the case for most holes on the pressure side, and some holes on the suction side. However, for holes near the downstream section of the suction surface of the blade, where the passage vortex is strongest, no value is found for the compound angle that could redirect the coolant along the blade profile without radial deviation. In some cases, excessive values of the compound angle led to jet liftoff rather than spreading the film along the surface.
Numerical Study on Fracture Behavior of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger Core Based on Elasto-Plastic Phase Field Method
Authors: Shi Qianyu , Zhang Mingbao , Li Qi , Wang Zhijian , Ji Pengzhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is a type of compact heat exchanger with high thermal efficiency, more compact, and suitable for high pressure and high temperature conditions. The safety assessment of PCHE is very important, especially for PCHE core. Because PHCE core is different from the PCHE headers which are typical pressure vessel components. However, there is no standard design method to ensure the structural integrity for PCHE core. Some failure modes of PCHE core are studied in recent years, but seldom researches have been conducted concerning the fracture behavior of PCHE core. In addition, the phase field method for fracture has developed rapidly in recent years with its advantages in predicting crack initiation, bifurcation, and merging. In this work, the fracture behavior of PCHE core with and without defects is investigated based on elasto-plastic phase field method. The model parameter of Ni-based Alloy for elasto-plastic phase field method is first calibrated by comparing the numerical results with tensile test data of diffusion-bonded PHCE core specimen. Then, the influence of loading directions, defect locations, and defect sizes on the fracture behavior of PCHE core with semicircular and semicircular-rectangular channels are analyzed. Some conclusions are discussed.
INCEFA-SCALE Project – Overview of the Modelling Plans
Authors: Courtin Stephan , Ancelet Olivier , Beswick Jack , Blakesley Oliver , Cicero Roman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
INCEFA-SCALE is a five-year project supported by the European Commission HORIZON2020 programme. It kicked off in September 2020 and is the successor to the INCEFA-PLUS programme. The objective is to continue work, advancing the ability to predict lifetimes of Nuclear Plant components when subjected to Environmental Assisted Fatigue (EAF) loading. The main issue addressed by INCEFA-SCALE is the transferability of laboratory-scale tests to real nuclear components.
The project strategy will be (1) the development of comprehensive mechanistic understanding developed through detailed examination of test specimens and data mining, and (2) testing focussed on particular aspects of component-scale cyclic loading. From these data, one of the main objectives is to derive an EAF assessment procedure that can be used by assessors for the extrapolation of laboratory test data to real component geometries and conditions, for lifetime calculations.
This paper will give an overview of the INCEFA-SCALE modelling plans and some illustrations on the 5 main topics that have been identified: (1) numerical analyses to support test design and interpretation, (2) data mining, (3) review of the codified methods, (4) fatigue damage modelling and non-codified approaches to better address for fatigue damage mechanisms, and (5) industrial application.