bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesic Comparison of Meloxicam or Ketoprofen for Orthopedic Surgery in Dogs
Authors: Deneuche Aymeric J. , Dufayet Cédric , Goby Laurent , Fayolle Pascal , Desbois Christophe 
Published: January 2005

Objective—To compare the safety and efficacy of 2 analgesic protocols (preoperative meloxicam or intraoperative ketoprofen administration) during the first 24 hours after orthopedic surgery in dogs.Study Design—Double‐blind, prospective randomized clinical trial.Animals—Sixty client‐owned dogs.Methods—Dogs with surgical orthopedic disorders were randomly separated into 2 groups: 30 dogs were administered 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam intravenously (IV) immediately before induction and 30 dogs were administered 2 mg/kg ketoprofen IV, 30 minutes before the end of surgery. Pain was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and a cumulative pain score (CPS) preoperatively and at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after extubation. Selected serum biochemical variables were measured before and 24 hours after surgery and, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and whole blood clotting time (WBCT) were measured before and 8 hours after surgery. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol and maintained on halothane in oxygen. Any complications were documented for 7 days after surgery. Results were compared between the 2 groups for significant differences in VAS scores (2‐sample t‐test) and in CPS (Wilcoxon's 2‐sample test). Moreover, results were analyzed for significant differences in area under the curve (AUC) for VAS (2‐sample t‐test) and CPS (Wilcoxon's 2‐sample test) among groups. To assess the effects of treatments on biochemical and coagulation functions, pre‐ and postoperative mean values of BMBT and WBCT were compared within both treatment groups (paired t‐tests) and between both groups (2‐sample t‐test).Results—No significant differences in pain response or coagulation were found between meloxicam‐ and ketoprofen‐treated dogs. In both groups, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were significantly increased compared with baseline. No serious complications occurred.Conclusions—Preoperative administration of meloxicam is a safe and effective method of controlling postoperative pain for up to 24 hours in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery.Clinical Relevance—Analgesia after administration of preoperative meloxicam was comparable with administration of ketoprofen at the end of the surgery.
The Value of Magnetocardiography in Patients with and Without Relevant Stenoses of the Coronary Arteries Using an Unshielded System
Authors: HAILER BIRGIT , CHAIKOVSKY ILJA , AUTH‐EISERNITZ SABINE , SCHÄFER HARALD , VAN LEEUWEN PETER 
Published: January 2005

Background: The diagnostic management of patients with chest pain remains a clinical challenge. Magnetocardiography (MCG) is a noninvasive method for the recording of cardiac electromagnetic signals at multiple sites above the chest cage. Contrary to electrocardiogram (ECG) the magnetic field is unaltered by surrounding tissues. The present study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of an unshielded four‐channel MCG for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain.
Methods: The study included 417 subjects: 177 patients with angiographically documented CAD (stenoses ≥50%), 123 symptomatic patients without hemodynamically relevant stenosis (nCAD) and 117 healthy subjects. Twelve‐lead ECG was obtained in all subjects. The magnetocardiography recordings were taken from 36 positions at rest. From these current density vector maps were generated during the ST‐T interval. Each map was classified using a classification system with a scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (grossly abnormal).
Results: While the ECG was normal in all subjects the MCG revealed typical differences. In normals most maps were classified as category 0, 1 or 2, in nCAD and more so in CAD patients the categories 3 and 4 prevailed. Using a cut‐off value of 39.2% for the discrimination between normals and CAD patients sensitivity was 73.3%, specificity 70.1%.
Conclusion: Contrary to ECG, unshielded MCG reveals significant differences between normals and symptomatic patients with and without relevant stenoses using current density reconstruction during repolarization at rest. This method might be a suitable noninvasive tool for the management of patients with chest pain.
Individual Optimization of Pacing Sensors Improves Exercise Capacity without Influencing Quality of Life
Authors: EROL‐YILMAZ AYTEN , SCHRAMA TIM A. , TANKA JUTTA SCHROEDER , TIJSSEN JAN G. , WILDE ARTHUR A. , TUKKIE RAYMOND 
Published: January 2005

Introduction: Programmable pacemaker sensor features are frequently used in default setting. Limited data are available about the effect of sensor optimization on exercise capacity and quality of life (QOL). Influence of individual optimization of sensors on QOL and exercise tolerance was investigated in a randomized, single blind study in patients with VVIR, DDDR, or AAIR pacemakers.,
Methods: Patients with ≥75% pacing were randomized to optimized sensor settings (OSS) or default sensor setting (DSS). Standardized optimization was performed using three different exercise tests. QOL questionnaires (QOL‐q: Hacettepe, Karolinska, and RAND‐36) were used for evaluation of the sensor optimization. One month before and after optimization, exercise capacity using chronotropic assessment exercise protocol and the three QOL‐q were assessed.
Results: Fifty‐four patients (26 male, 28 female) with a mean age of 65 ± 16 years were enrolled in the study. In each group (OSS and DSS) 27 patients were included. One month after sensor optimization, the achieved maximal heart rate (HR) and metabolic workload (METS) were significantly higher in OSS when compared with DSS (124 ± 28 bpm vs 108 ± 20 bpm, P = 0.036; 7.3 ± 4 METS vs 4.9 ± 4 METS, P = 0.045). Highest HR and METS were achieved in patients with pacemakers with accessible sensor algorithms. In patients with automatic slope settings (33%), exercise capacity did not improve after sensor optimization. QOL did not improve in OSS compared with DSS.
Conclusion: After 1 month of individual optimization of rate response pacemakers, exercise capacity was improved and maximum HR increased, although QOL remained unchanged. Accessible pacemaker sensor algorithms are mandatory for individual optimization.
Diagnostic Value of Nitrate Stimulated Tilt Testing Without Preceding Passive Tilt in Patients with Suspected Vasovagal Syncope and a Healthy Control Group
Authors: AERTS ARNAUD J. J. , DENDALE PAUL 
Published: January 2005

Background: The contribution of the passive tilt phase, in a combined nitrate stimulated tilt protocol may be low yielding. In order to develop a shortened, and thus easier to perform test, we investigated the optimal duration of a nitrate tilt protocol without a preceding passive phase.
Methods: Thirty‐eight consecutive patients (18F/20M; mean age 46 ± 16) with clinically suspected vasovagal syncope and 31 control subjects (15F/16M; mean age 40 ± 18) were tested. The subjects were tilted to 70° for a maximum period of 30 minutes, and sublingual nitroglycerin 0.4 mg spray was administrated directly after attaining erect posture. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was done to determine the optimal test duration.
Results: In the patient group 31 (82%) and in controls 5 (16%) had a positive test. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy at test end were 82, 84, and 83%, respectively. ROC analysis revealed that a maximum accuracy of 83% was attained at 14 minutes, with a sensitivity and specificity of 79 and 87%, respectively.
Conclusion: Nitrate stimulated tilt testing, without a preceding passive tilt phase, and limited to a test duration of 15 minutes, provides an accurate, sensitive, and specific method to provoke vasovagal reactions in subjects with clinically suspected vasovagal syncope.
Options for Field Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis
Authors: Chappuis François , Loutan Louis , Simarro Pere , Lejon Veerle , Büscher Philippe 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
or
T. b. rhodesiense
remains highly prevalent in several rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa and is lethal if left untreated. Therefore, accurate tools are absolutely required for field diagnosis. For
T. b. gambiense
HAT, highly sensitive tests are available for serological screening but the sensitivity of parasitological confirmatory tests remains insufficient and needs to be improved. Screening for
T. b. rhodesiense
infection still relies on clinical features in the absence of serological tests available for field use. Ongoing research is opening perspectives for a new generation of field diagnostics. Also essential for both forms of HAT is accurate determination of the disease stage because of the high toxicity of melarsoprol, the drug most widely used during the neurological stage of the illness. Recent studies have confirmed the high accuracy of raised immunoglobulin M levels in the cerebrospinal fluid for the staging of
T. b. gambiense
HAT, and a promising simple assay (LATEX/IgM) is being tested in the field. Apart from the urgent need for better tools for the field diagnosis of this neglected disease, improved access to diagnosis and treatment for the population at risk remains the greatest challenge for the coming years.
Bacterial Contamination of Blood Components
Authors: Brecher Mark E. , Hay Shauna N. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY
Blood for transfusion is a potential source of infection by a variety of known and unknown transmissible agents. Over the last 20 years, astounding reductions in the risk of viral infection via allogeneic blood have been achieved. As a result of this success, bacterial contamination of blood products has emerged as the greatest residual source of transfusion-transmitted disease. This paper summarizes the current status of detection, prevention, and elimination of bacteria in blood products for transfusion.
Update on Human Herpesvirus 6 Biology, Clinical Features, and Therapy
Authors: De Bolle Leen , Naesens Lieve , De Clercq Erik 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARYHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a betaherpesvirus that is closely related to human cytomegalovirus. It was discovered in 1986, and HHV-6 literature has expanded considerably in the past 10 years. We here present an up-to-date and complete overview of the recent developments concerning HHV-6 biological features, clinical associations, and therapeutic approaches. HHV-6 gene expression regulation and gene products have been systematically characterized, and the multiple interactions between HHV-6 and the host immune system have been explored. Moreover, the discovery of the cellular receptor for HHV-6, CD46, has shed a new light on HHV-6 cell tropism. Furthermore, the in vitro interactions between HHV-6 and other viruses, particularly human immunodeficiency virus, and their relevance for the in vivo situation are discussed, as well as the transactivating capacities of several HHV-6 proteins. The insight into the clinical spectrum of HHV-6 is still evolving and, apart from being recognized as a major pathogen in transplant recipients (as exemplified by the rising number of prospective clinical studies), its role in central nervous system disease has become increasingly apparent. Finally, we present an overview of therapeutic options for HHV-6 therapy (including modes of action and resistance mechanisms).
Pathway to Synthesis and Processing of Mycolic Acids in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Takayama Kuni , Wang Cindy , Besra Gurdyal S. 
Published: January 2005

SUMMARY

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is known to synthesize α-, methoxy-, and keto-mycolic acids. We propose a detailed pathway to the biosynthesis of all mycolic acids in
M. tuberculosis
. Fatty acid synthetase I provides C
20
-S-coenzyme A to the fatty acid synthetase II system (FAS-IIA). Modules of FAS-IIA and FAS-IIB introduce
cis
unsaturation at two locations on a growing meroacid chain to yield three different forms of
cis
,
cis
-diunsaturated fatty acids (intermediates to α-, methoxy-, and keto-meroacids). These are methylated, and the mature meroacids and carboxylated C
26
-S-acyl carrier protein enter into the final Claisen-type condensation with polyketide synthase-13 (Pks13) to yield mycolyl-S-Pks13. We list candidate genes in the genome encoding the proposed dehydrase and isomerase in the FAS-IIA and FAS-IIB modules. We propose that the processing of mycolic acids begins by transfer of mycolic acids from mycolyl-S-Pks13 to
d
-mannopyranosyl-1-phosphoheptaprenol to yield 6-
O
-mycolyl-β-
d
-mannopyranosyl-1-phosphoheptaprenol and then to trehalose 6-phosphate to yield phosphorylated trehalose monomycolate (TMM-P). Phosphatase releases the phosphate group to yield TMM, which is immediately transported outside the cell by the ABC transporter. Antigen 85 then catalyzes the transfer of a mycolyl group from TMM to the cell wall arabinogalactan and to other TMMs to produce arabinogalactan-mycolate and trehalose dimycolate, respectively. We list candidate genes in the genome that encode the proposed mycolyltransferases I and II, phosphatase, and ABC transporter. The enzymes within this total pathway are targets for new drug discovery.
Loss of Hspa9b in zebrafish recapitulates the ineffective hematopoiesis of the myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Craven Sarah E. , French Dorothy , Ye Weilan , de Sauvage Frederic , Rosenthal Arnon 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) comprises a heterogeneous group of oftenfatal hematopoietic stem cell disorders for which neither curative nor standard treatment exists. The complex karyotypes and multistep nature of MDS have severely restricted the identification of causative genetic mutations and thus limited insight into new and more effective therapies. Here we describe a zebrafish mutant crimsonless (crs) with a developmental blood defect that closely recapitulates the ineffective hematopoiesis of MDS including anemia, dysplasia, increased blood cell apoptosis, and multilineage cytopenia. By positional cloning, rescue, and morpholino knockdown experiments, we demonstrate that crs encodes a conserved mitochondrial matrix chaperone HSPA9B containing a glycine-to-glutamate substitution within the substrate-binding domain. This mutation compromises mitochondrial function, producing oxidative stress and apoptosis distinctly in blood cells. Thus, we identify an essential role for Hspa9b in hematopoiesis and implicate both loss of HSPA9B specifically and mitochondrial dysfunction generally in the pathogenesis of the MDS.
Fc receptor γ-chain activation via hOSCAR induces survival and maturation of dendritic cells and modulates Toll-like receptor responses
Authors: Merck Estelle , de Saint-Vis Blandine , Scuiller Mathieu , Gaillard Claude , Caux Christophe , Trinchieri Giorgio , Bates Elizabeth E. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe previously reported the characterization of human osteoclast-associated receptor (hOSCAR), a novel Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ)–associated receptor expressed by myeloid cells. Here we show that ligation of hOSCAR by specific antibodies promotes dendritic cell (DC) survival by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–dependent pathway, linked to expression of the Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL antiapoptotic molecules. Crosslinking of hOSCAR leads to maturation of DCs, as demonstrated by up-regulation of maturation markers, decrease in dextran uptake capacity, and secretion of immunesystem effectors such as interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), IL-12 p40, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/chemokine receptor ligand 2 (CCL2) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22. Stimulation of hOSCAR acts in conjunction with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R-848, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), to increase the expression of maturation markers, and to modulate cytokine release. A PI3K-dependent up-regulation of IL-10 release is observed with all the TLR ligands used, whereas regulation of IL-12 production is variable depending on the TLR stimulated. hOSCAR engagement on DCs did not significantly increase the proliferation of naive T cells; however, when co-incubated with TLR ligands, an enhanced proliferation was observed. The percentage of interferon (IFN)–γ–producing T cells is decreased when hOSCAR engagement is combined with LPS stimulation. Altogether, these data suggest that hOSCAR may modulate the responses of both innate resistance and adaptive immunity.
Identification of a human B-cell/myeloid common progenitor by the absence of CXCR4
Authors: Hou Yong-Hao , Srour Edward F. , Ramsey Heather , Dahl Richard , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Hromas Robert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCXCR4 is a chemokine receptor required for hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and B-cell development. This study found that a small fraction of primitive CD34+/CD19+ B-cell progenitors do not express CXCR4. These CD34+/CD19+/CXCR4- cells were also remarkable for the relative lack of primitive myeloid or lymphoid surface markers. When placed in B-lymphocyte culture conditions these cells matured to express CXCR4 and other surface antigens characteristic of B cells. Surprisingly, when placed in a myeloid culture environment, the CXCR4- B-cell progenitors could differentiate into granulocyte, macrophage, and erythroid cells at a high frequency. These data define a novel B-cell/myeloid common progenitor (termed the BMP) and imply a less restrictive pathway of myeloid versus lymphoid development than previously postulated.
Molecular modification of idiotypes from B-cell lymphomas for expression in mature dendritic cells as a strategy to induce tumor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses
Authors: Muraro Sara , Bondanza Attilio , Bellone Matteo , Greenberg Philip D. , Bonini Chiara 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMost non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHLs) are characterized by the clonal expansion of a single cell expressing a unique rearranged immunoglobulin gene. This idiotype (Id) is a tumor-specific antigen that can be immunologically targeted. The therapeutic efficacy of Id-based vaccines correlates best with detection of cellular immune responses, although these have not been as well characterized as the humoral responses. This study exploited a molecular approach to modify the Id of 38C13 lymphoma for processing via class I and II antigen-processing pathways and evaluated protein expression in dendritic cells (DCs) to simultaneously stimulate tumor reactive CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. Recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) were constructed, coding for Id fused with the targeting signal of the lysosomal-associated membrane protein1 (Id-LAMP1) to promote antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Mature DCs infected with rVV/Id-LAMP1 elicited both CD4+ and CD8+ Id-specific T cells and protected animals from tumor challenge. Id-specific CD8+ cells were required to mediate the effector phase of a therapeutic response, and CD4+ cells were beneficial in the induction phase of the response. These results demonstrate that fusing Id to LAMP1 enhances CD8+ and CD4+ Id-specific responses for NHLs and may be useful therapeutically.
Proteomic analysis of mantle-cell lymphoma by protein microarray
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , McCormick Daniel J. , Kaufmann Scott H. , Leontovich Alexey A. , Loegering David A. , Dai Nga T. , Krajnik Kelly L. , Stenson Mary J. , Melhem Mona F. , Novak Anne J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that behaves aggressively and remains incurable. In order to understand the pathogenesis of MCL and design new therapies, it is important to accurately analyze molecular changes in pathways dysregulated in MCL. We used antibody microarrays to compare patterns of protein expression between CD19+ purified B lymphocytes from normal tonsil and 7 cases of histologically confirmed MCL. Protein overexpression was defined as a higher than 1.3-fold or 2-fold increase in at least 67% of tumor samples compared with normal B-cell control. Of the polypeptides, 77 were overexpressed using the higher than 1.3-fold cutoff, and 13 were overexpressed using the 2-fold cutoff. These included cell cycle regulators (regulator of chromosome condensation 1 [RCC1], murine double minute 2 [MDM2]), a kinase (citron Rho-interacting kinase [CRIK]), chaperone proteins (heat shock 90-kDa protein [Hsp90], Hsp10), and phosphatase regulators (A-kinase anchor protein 1 [AKAP149], protein phosphatase 5 [PP5], and inhibitor 2). The elevated expression of some of these polypeptides was confirmed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, whereas elevated expression of others could not be confirmed, illustrating the importance of confirmatory studies. This study describes a novel technique that identifies proteins dysregulated in MCL.
Jagged2 promotes the development of natural killer cells and the establishment of functional natural killer cell lines
Authors: DeHart Sarah L. , Heikens Marc J. , Tsai Schickwann 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that Notch receptors and their ligands play important roles in the development of T cells and B cells. However, little is known about their possible roles in the development of other lymphoid cells. Here we demonstrate that Jagged2, a Notch ligand, stimulates the development of natural killer (NK) cells from Lin- Sca-1+ c-kit+ hematopoietic stem cells. Our culture system supports NK cell development for 2 to 3 months, often leading to the establishment of continuous NK cell lines. The prototype of such cell lines is designated as KIL. KIL depends on interleukin-7 for survival and proliferation and is NK1.1+ CD3- TCRαβ- TCRδγ- CD4- CD8- CD19- CD25+ CD43+ CD45+ CD49b- CD51+ CD94+ NKG2D+ Mac-1-/low B220- c-kit+ perforin I+ granzyme B+ Notch-1+, and cytotoxic. Like normal natural killer cells, the T-cell receptor-β loci of KIL remain in the germ-line configuration. In response to interleukin-2, KIL proliferates extensively (increasing cell number by approximately 1010-fold) and terminally differentiates into adherent, hypergranular NK cells. Our findings indicate that Jagged2 stimulates the development of natural killer cells and the KIL cell line preserves most properties of the normal NK precursors. As such, KIL provides a valuable model system for NK cell research.
Priorities of health policy: cost shifting or population health
Authors: Richardson Jeff RJ 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Background
This paper is an edited version of an invited paper submitted to the Australian Health Care Summit on 17–19 August 2003. It comments upon the policies which have dominated recent debate and contrasts their importance with the importance of five issues which have received relatively little attention.

Methods
Policy is usually a response to identified problems and the paper examines the nature and size of the problems which heave led to recent policy initiatives. These are contrasted with the magnitude and potential cost effectiveness policies to address the problems in five areas of comparative neglect.

Results
It is argued that recent and proposed changes to the financing and delivery of health services in Australia have focused upon issues of relatively minor significance while failing to address adequately major inequities and system deficiencies.

Conclusion
There is a need for an independent review of the health system with the terms of reference focusing attention upon large system-wide failures.