bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning approach in diagnosis and risk factors detection of pancreatic fistula
Authors: Potievskiy Mikhail Borisovich , Petrov Leonid Olegovich , Ivanov Sergei Anatolyevich , Sokolov Pavel Viktorovich , Trifanov Vladimir Sergeevich , Moshurov Ruslan Ivanovich , Shegai Petr Viktorovich , Kaprin Andrei Dmitrievich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose.
The aim of the study is to develop a predictive ML model of development of postoperative pancreatic fistula and biochemical leak and to detect the main risk factors of the complications.
Methods.
We performed a single-centre retrospective clinical study. 150 patients, who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection in FSBI NMRRC, were included in the study. We developed CatBoost ML models, basing on the 1 and 3–5 postoperative days data. Binary model classes were no fistula and biochemical leak or fistula B/C. 3-dimentional model distinguished no fistula, biochemical leak and fistula B/C. The risk factors of pancreatic fistula were evaluated with model parameter “importance” and Kendall correlation, p < 0.05.
Results.
We detected significant positive correlation of blood and drain amylase level increase in association with biochemical leak and pancreatic fistula B/C. Binary model, roc auc 71%, detected the main risk factors of all the fistulas on the first postoperative day: tumor vascular invasion, age and BMI. Risk factors of fistula B/C were BMI, age, tumor volume and vascular invasion, the 3-dimensional model roc auc 70%. Basing on the 3–5 days data, binary model risk factors were blood and drain amylase levels, blood leukocytes, roc auc 86%. Fistula B/C risk factors were the same, the 3-dimensional model roc auc 75%. BMI and age were also important.
Conclusion.
We developed sufficient quality ML models of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. Blood and drain amylase level increase were the major risk factors of fistula B/C. Young age and high tumor volume were common factors of fistulas development.
The Molecular Effects of Detergents and Soaps on Biological Stains: Implications for Forensic Investigations
Authors: Judah Gbayisomore Tolulope , Temitope Ogunjobi Taiwo , .I. Ologbonjaye Kehinde 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In forensic investigations, the precise quantification of DNA from biological stains is essential because it offers helpful details for identifying people and connecting them to crime scenes. However, the presence of contaminants in biological stains, such as detergents and soaps, can impact the DNA quantification procedure and jeopardize the accuracy of the findings. The objective of this study was to assess how different soaps and detergents affected the quantification of DNA from biological stains. For this experiment, a number of detergent and soap solutions were chosen, including standard household detergents and industrial cleaners. By applying known amounts of blood stains to fabric swatches, biological stain samples were created. After that, the stains were treated with various ratios of each detergent or soap solution. For comparison, control samples made up of untreated stains were also used. After treatment, DNA was recovered according to a conventional extraction process from the stained cloth swatches. Utilizing a sensitive fluorescence based technique that offered precise and trustworthy measurements of DNA concentration, the isolated DNA was measured. To evaluate the effect of the detergents and soaps on DNA recovery, the DNA quantitation findings from the treated samples and the control samples were compared. According to preliminary studies, the detergent or soap used had a substantial impact on how much DNA could be quantified from biological stains. Higher detergent and soap concentrations often result in increased DNA loss, so these concentrations also had an impact.
Internal brace augmentation in ACL reconstruction increases structural strength and stiffness: a biomechanical study in a porcine model
Authors: Chen Siqi , Wang Junyuan , You Junhua , Li Wenxuan , Lv Yuhang , Zhang Hangzhou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study was to compare the biomechanical outcomes of three ACL graft tibial fixation. Biomechanical testing was performed on 36 fresh porcine tibias and flexor profundus tendon divided into three groups: interference screw group (n = 12), internal brace group (n = 12) and combined group (n = 12). The samples underwent cyclic loading at 1 Hz at 50–250 N for 1000 cycles, following by load-to-failure testing (200mm /min). The cyclic displacement, stiffness and ultimate failure loads were compared between the techniques. No sample failed during cyclic load test. The mean periodic displacement of the combined group(1.97 ± 0.32mm)was significantly lower than both the internal brace group (2.85 ± 0.43mm; p < 0.05) and interference screw group (2.48 ± 0.31 mm; p༜0.05), but there was no significant difference between two fixation alone groups. The mean failure load of combined fixation (821.71 ± 78.39N) was higher than that with interference screw (631.97 ± 109.96N; p < 0.01) or internal brace (566.04 ± 57.68 N; P < 0.01) fixation alone. The combined group showed greater pullout stiffness (217.79 ± 36.66 N/mm) than both the interference screw (151.69 ± 30.28 N/mm; p < 0.01) and internal brace (162.94 ± 35.42 N/mm; p < 0.01) groups. The ultimate failure load and stiffness of soft tissue grafts fixed with internal brace and interference screw were significantly higher than those fixed alone.
Pattern and Functional Outcome Of Floating Knee Injury Treated Surgically at Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Asefa Biniam , Ayalew Kalkidan , Ousman Seman Kedir , Tesfaye Eyoel , Benti Senayad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Floating knee injuries, ipsilateral femur, and tibial fractures are uncommon, and the exact frequency is unclear. These complicated injuries have a significant complication rate and may result in a poor prognosis.
Methods
A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among patients with floating knee injuries at AaBET hospital. 71 patients with floating knee injuries were treated at AaBET hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. Binary and multivariate logistic regression was used. The functional results of these injuries were evaluated using the Karlström and Olerud criteria. We assessed functional outcomes at 12-month post-operative follow-up. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
In this study, 71 patients with floating knee injuries were included. Of these, 51 (71.8%) had satisfactory results, 69 (97.2%) were the result of road traffic accident (RTA), 41 (57.7%) had open fractures, 50 (70.4%) had simultaneous injuries, and 20 (28.2%) had postoperative complications, the most common of which were wound and pin site infections (17% ).In binary logistic regression, open floating knee patients with associated injuries, patients with type 2 Fraser’s class floating knee injuries, patients who had a femur fracture treated with an external fixator, patients who underwent repeat surgery, and patients whose repeated surgery done after two weeks and patients with complication are associated with an unsatisfactory outcome. Multivariate analysis showed patients with type 2 Fraser’s classification of floating knee injuries were 8.9 times more likely than those with type 1 to experience a poor outcome (AOR 95% CI: 8.94 (1.81, 44.07), p = 0.007).
Conclusion
Involvement of the knee joint in floating knee injuries is the most important predictor of an unsatisfactory outcome.
Chemokine CCL14 is a potential biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Bai-er , Yuan Zai-xin , Wang Meng-jiao , Xu Li-qin , Chen Jing-jing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective: C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) is constitutively expressed in tissues. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CCL14 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), and explore the prognostic role in LUAD.
Materials and methods: Oncomine and TCGA databases were analyzed to examine the expression of CCL14 in LUAD. Kaplan-Meier plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA, version 2) were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value in LUAD. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and GEPIA2 were used to explore the relationship between CCL14 and TIICs. Gene functional enrichment was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The expression and function of CCL14 were investigated in vitro. miR-CCL14 overexpression vector plasmids were transfected into cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were conducted to explore CCL14 biological function in LUAD cell lines.
Results: Low-expression level of CCL14 was associated with poor-prognosis in LUAD. In vitro, the mRNA expression of CCL14 in lung epithelial cells was statistically higher than in LUAD cell lines. Upregulating the expression of CCL14 suppressed cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities. Immune infiltration analysis displayed there were positive correlations between CCL14 expression and TIICs (including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, etc.). Markers of TIICs exhibited different CCL14-related immune infiltration patterns. GSEA analysis showed that the low-expression of CCL14 was related to histone deacetylases (HDACs), G2/M checkpoints and Notch signaling pathways.
Conclusions: CCL14 may be an anti-oncogene by regulating TIICs and is expected to become a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in LUAD.
The Magnetic Microbolometer detection chain: A proposed detection system to observe the B modes of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Platino Manuel , Redondo Manuel Elías García , Muscheid Timo , Gartmann Robert , Salum Juan Manuel , Ferreyro Luciano Pablo , Müller Nahuel Agustín , Bonilla-Neira Jesús David , Geria Juan Manuel , Bonaparte Juan José , Almela Daniel Alejandro , Ardila-Pérez Luis Eduardo , Hampel Matías Rolf , Fuster Alan Ezequiel , Sander Oliver , Weber Marc , Etchegoyen Alberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Several experiments are currently carried out to measure the magnitude of the B mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It is a strong indicator of the presence of gravitational waves from the early universe inflationary epoch. As the average variations of the B mode components of the CMB are expected to be of the order of a few tens of nK or below, the detection of these polarized signals requires an ultra sensitive system. This article is focused on instruments that take advantage of an interferometer stage, followed by a bolometer stage sensitive to frequencies around the 150 GHz band of the EM spectrum, which corresponds to the measured CMB temperature of 2.7 K. The bolometers in the focal plane of these experiments are usually coupled to an array of direct current Superconducting Quatum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), that allow the highly sensitive detection requirements for observing the B modes. We propose a detection system for these kinds of instruments based on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) that uses Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), a Goertzel channelizer and a radio frequency SQUID micro multiplexer (uMUX) working at the cryogenic temperatures of 320 mK. These interfaces are used to read an array of 1024 Magnetic Microbolometers (MMBs) as detectors that are photon limited for CMB detection in the band of interest. As part of the requirements for these measurements, we introduce a design of the detection and read out chain, show its expected performance and potential implementation. The proposed system can read the desired number of detectors from an array in a modular way, which allows future expansions, and its frequency division multiplexing (FDM) system improves the cooling capacity of the cryostat by minimizing the amount of active cryogenic electronics.
Comparing Population-Level Humoral and Cellular Immunity to SARS-Cov-2 in Bangalore, India
Authors: Malani Anup , Aiyar Jayashree , Sant Andrea , Kamran Neha , Mohanan Manoj , Taneja Saloni , Woda Bartek , Zhao Wanran , Acharya Anu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two types of immunity, humoral and cellular, offer protection against COVID. Humoral protection, contributed by circulating neutralizing antibodies, can provide immediate protection but decays more quickly than cellular immunity and can lose effectiveness in the face of mutation and drift in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Therefore, population-level seroprevalence surveys used to estimate population-level immunity may underestimate the degree to which a population is protected against COVID. In early 2021, before India began its vaccination campaign, we tested for humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-Cov-2 in representative samples of slum and non-slum populations in Bangalore, India. We found that 29.7% of the pooled samples had antibodies to the spike protein and 15.51% had neutralizing antibodies, but at least 55.7% showed evidence of cellular immunity. We also find that prevalence of cellular immunity is significantly higher in slums than in non-slums. These findings suggest (1) that a significantly larger proportion of the population in Bangalore, India, had cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 than had humoral immunity, as measured by serological surveys, and (2) that low socio-economic status communities display higher frequency of cellular immunity, likely because of greater exposure to infection due to population density.
Delabeling of allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics in hospitalized patients: A prospective study evaluating cost savings.
Authors: Sobrino-García Miriam , Muñoz-Bellido Francisco Javier , Moreno-Rodilla Esther , Martín-Muñoz Rita , García-Iglesias Aránzazu , Dávila Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with a penicillin allergy label have an associated increase in adverse antibiotic events and hospitalization costs.
Aim
We aimed to study the economic savings derived from the correct diagnosis and delabeling of inpatients with suspected beta-lactam allergy.
Method
We prospectively evaluated patients admitted to the University Hospital of Salamanca who had been labeled as allergic to beta-lactams and performed a delabeling study on them. Subsequently, the difference in costs between the antibiotics administered before and after the allergy study and between the costs derived from those patients who received alternative antibiotics during admission and those who switched to beta-lactams after the allergy study were calculated.
Results
One hundred seventy-seven inpatients labeled as allergic to beta-lactams underwent a delabeling study, and 34 (19.2%) of them were confirmed to have an allergy to beta-lactams. Of the total number of patients, 136 (76.8%) received antibiotic treatment during their hospitalization involving a mean (SD) cost of €203.07 (318.42). After delabeling, in 85 (62.5%) patients the antibiotic treatment was changed to beta-lactams. In this group of patients, the mean cost (SD) then decreased from €188.91 (351.09) before the change to 91.31 (136.07) (p < 0.001) afterward, so the mean cost (SD) total decreased in these patients to €142.07 (200.50), p = 0.000. This cost reduction was also significant when compared to the mean (SD) cost of patients in whom treatment was not changed to beta-lactams (€226.66 (256.43)) (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Delabeling hospitalized patients, when possible, represents a cost-saving measure for treating patients labeled as allergic to beta-lactams.
Empowering Nurses: Exploring Self-Managed Organizations in Indian Healthcare
Authors: Malik Elham , Shankar Shail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Given India’s high patient load on the existing healthcare setup, as well as political, social, and organizational challenges, the nursing sector is facing various problems, therefore leading to substandard nursing experiences leading to poor patient care at the parallel healthcare setups, specifically homecare. This paper presents self-managed organizations (also referred to as horizontal management structures) as an effective alternative to existing hierarchical management structures overladen with bureaucracy. Therefore, we are exploring the strategies at self-managed homecare organizations that can make nursing a better and meaningful experience.
Method
This research paper employs semi-structured interviews to explore the strategies that help create a better nursing experience in horizontal organizational structures. The interviews focused on various aspects, including finances, organizational structure, value system, information flow, concept, and purpose of self-managed homecare organizations that might influence the nursing experience. Theoretical sampling was used to include seven nurses, fifteen patients and twelve management members to examine the nursing experience at self-managed homecare organizations.
Results
The themes and subthemes revealed what we term the Qualitative Success Enablers (QSEs) of self-managed organizations in the Indian setting emerged from thematic analysis of data. The reflexive thematic analysis yielded three themes: Insightfulness, Enhancing Nursing Experience through Job Enrichment, and Autonomy-Enabled Intrapreneurship. The findings indicate that the horizontal management structure represented by the studied organization in India has shown considerable success in times laden with uncertainties during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during the delta wave, which revealed the frailty of existing healthcare infrastructure. The organization successfully maintained a better nursing experience and gained patient and employee satisfaction, as revealed by in-depth semi-structured interviews and their analysis.
Conclusion
In a world of unique challenges, we stand on the brink of significant transformations. Self-managed organizations (SMOs) are vital in India's homecare sector for enhancing nursing experiences and overall organizational performance. Fostering a trust-based environment within SMOs is integral to delivering effective services. The autonomy to design nursing jobs, insightfulness, and innovativeness in the nursing job through suitable training activities, various job enrichment methods, and finding meaningfulness in a job through softer aspects of caregiving result in enhanced nursing experience at SMOs.
An abattoir study of the prevalence of foot lesions and claw measurements in water buffalo in Egypt
Authors: Salem Shebl , Refaai Walid , Raouf Mustafa Abd El , Hamed Mohamed , Ezzeldein Shimaa , Eisa Eslam , Mesalam Ayman , Maddox Thomas , Monir Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Lameness has been associated with compromised animal welfare and reduced productivity in dairy cattle herds worldwide. However, little is known about the prevalence of claw lesions in the dairy buffalo population in Egypt. Furthermore, the optimum measurements for claw trimming in buffalo are unknown. A cross-sectional cadaver study was conducted where 135 pair buffalo hind feet were collected from 4 slaughterhouses and examined for the presence of claw lesions. The proportion and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) of each type of lesion were calculated. A separate set of healthy claws (n = 26) underwent ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). The agreement between US and CT measurements was assessed using Passing–Bablok regression and intraclass correlation coefficient. The CT measurements were used to calculate trimming recommendations.
Results
At least one lesion was identified in 242 claws (89.6%, 95% CI = 85.4–93.0). In healthy claws, poor to moderate agreement was identified between US and CT measurements. The average ± standard deviation (SD) minimum recommended external wall length of the lateral and medial claws in heifers was 7.1 ± 0.36 cm and 7.5 ± 0.35 cm, respectively. The average ± SD minimum recommended external wall length in buffaloes over five years of age was 8.2 ± 0.27 cm and 8.4 ± 0.39 cm for the lateral and medial claws, respectively.
Conclusions
The study found a high prevalence of claw lesions in buffalo in Egypt, the clinical significance of which requires further elucidation. Recommended measurements will help guide claw trimming in buffalo to minimise lesions.
Timing and clinical risk factors for early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization with multidrug resistant organisms in the intensive care unit
Authors: Shamalov Loren , Heath Madison , Lynch Elissa , Green Daniel A. , Gomez-Simmonds Angela , Freedberg Daniel E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Microbiome restitution therapies are being developed to prevent gut pathogen colonization among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in other select populations. If preventive therapies are to be effective, they must be administered prior to pathogen acquisition. The timing and risk factors for early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization (within 72 hours) are currently unknown and could be helpful to guide ICU trial design.Methods This was a prospective cohort study. Patients in the ICU had deep rectal swabs performed at the time of ICU admission and exactly 72 hours later. Early gut pathogen colonization was classified as the new presence (based on culture of rectal swabs) of one or more of the following organisms of interest: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and Gram negative bacteria that showed multidrug resistance (MDR) or third generation Cephalosporin resistance (Ceph-R). Clinical risk factors for early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization were captured using the APACHE IV scoring system.Findings Among 131 patients who were swabbed at ICU admission and 72 hours later, the rates of gut pathogen colonization at ICU admission were 11.4%, 10.6%, 38.6%, and 8.3% for MRSA, VRE, MDR and Ceph-R Gram negatives respectively. Among the patients who were negative for a given pathogen at ICU admission, the rates of early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization were 7.8% for MRSA (95% CI 3.6 to 14.2%), 7.7% for VRE (95% CI 3.6 to 14.1%), 11.3% for MDR Gram negatives (95% CI 4.4 to 18.8%), and 4.2% for Ceph-R Gram negatives (95% CI 1.4 to 9.5%). There were no clinical risk factors which independently predicted early acquisition of gut pathogen colonization.Interpretation Early gut pathogen colonization is common in the ICU and may represent a target for future trials. Clinical risk factors are not likely to be useful in pre-selecting patients for trials.