bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Fracturing-Fluid System Breakers and Their Effects on Proppant-Pack Conductivity
Authors: Parker Mark A. , Terracina John M. , McCabe Mike , Slabaugh Billy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High viscosity, polymeric fluid systems allow the hydraulic fracturing of oil- and gas-producing reservoirs. These fluids allow the generation of fracture geometry, in addition to controlling fluid loss and placing proppant However, they can damage the proppant pack and reduce fracture performance. Gel breakers degrade the viscosity of the fluid; allowing it to be flowed back out of the fracture_ However, current breakers (oxidizers and enzymes) cannot provide complete fluid breaks to maximize conductivity.
A new chemical is now available that can be used as a breaker. This new breaker has a broader range of application than available oxidizing and enzyme breakers. It can be used with a catalyst system to provide controlled breaks below 200°F or used alone at temperatures up to 350°F. This system also improves the conductivity of proppant packs.
This paper focuses on a new breaker and application technique that provides more flexibility in maintaining early-time viscosity for the pump time of the treatment, and complete gel degradation over extended time. This flexibility will be demonstrated with viscosity profiles of fluid systems with and without breaker at reservoir temperatures up to 350°F. Data will be provided to show the fracture conductivity performance of the same fluids. Viscosity profiles are generated with standard procedures for the Fann Model 50 viscometer. Dynamic fluid-loss and fracture conductivity data are generated with API linear conductivity cells. The fluid-loss procedure simulates the entire fracturing treatment with realistic gel mixing, pumping, fracture shear conditions, and fracture temperature. The conductivity procedure simulates the production conditions of the reservoir with closure stress and temperature. This paper will show the benefits of using the new breaker, which improves fracture conductivity.
Global burden of brain and other central nervous system cancer in older adults aged over 65: a population-based study
Authors: Xu Shuoyang , Hu Guoming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Brain and central nervous system cancer remains a major healthy concern among the elder worldwide. This study is performed to assess the global burden of CNS cancer among adults aged ≥ 65 years across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 and to predict future trends in the next 25 years.
Methods
We analyzed the incidence, mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. In addition, we obtained and analyzed the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age‐standardized death rate (ASDR), and age‐standardized DALYs rate during 1990–2021. Then we assessed the impact of geographical variations and the Socio‐demographic Index (SDI) on disease burden of CNS cancer. Furthermore, we calculated EAPC and AAPC to reveal temporal trends of CNS cancer incidence and mortality among adults aged ≥ 65 years.
Results
Globally, CNS cancer incident cases among adults aged ≥ 65 years increased from 40344 in 1990 to 130100 in 2021. The ASIR rose from 3.7 to 4.3 per 100,000 (EAPC:0.44, 95% CI: 0.4–0.49). Low-middle SDI regions showed the largest ASIR increase (EAPC:1.04, 95% CI: 0.99–1.09), while High SDI regions had the lowest (EAPC:0.43, 95% CI: 0.36–0.5). The global ASDR rose from 3 per 100,000 in 1990 to 3.1 per 100,000 in 2021, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 119.9 to 107.9 per 100,000 between 1990 and 2021. Geographically, the incidence and mortality rates of CNS cancer among adults aged ≥ 65 years increased in most countries and territories.
Conclusion
The global burden of CNS cancer among the elder has risen sharply from 1990 to 2021, with divisions and disparities observed across different regions. Specific medical interventions and policies to consolidate early detection and better healthcare service in impoverished regions are essential for reducing the global impact of CNS cancer.
Muscle macrophage regenerative response after squalene-adjuvanted influenza vaccination drives Th2-skewed response and is reduced with age
Authors: Noureddine Moataz , Chang Lauren , El-Ayache Farah , Laghlali Gabriel , Burgess Eleanor , Grueneberg Leonie , Warang Prajakta , Jiang Kaijun , Nijhuis Haye , Coughlan Lynda , Diego Juan Garcia-Bernalt , Park Seok Chan , Levican Jorge , Schotsaert Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Squalene-based adjuvants like MF59, and its research alternative AddaVax, induce transient muscle injury, but their mechanisms downstream of muscle injury remain unclear. We show that an AddaVax-adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine (QIV) intramuscular injection triggers muscle regeneration-like immune processes and increases CX3CR1+Ly6C+ macrophages in the muscle and inguinal lymph nodes by day 4 post-injection. This leads to a Th2 skewed vaccine response with higher levels of vaccine specific IgG1 titers, and Th2-associated cytokines in the lungs 5 days after subsequent influenza viral challenge. In aged mice, the macrophage recruitment and polarization is diminished, which is consistent with age-associated muscle mass loss, reflecting the age-related decline in muscle regeneration. Unlike young mice, aged mice exhibit a reduction in magnitude and skewing of AddaVax-mediated Th2 responses to QIV. We found that adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from young mice into aged mice at the moment of vaccination leads to their infiltration into the injected muscle, where they collect vaccine antigens, drain to the lymph node, and enhance the Th2 response, recapitulating the young host response in an older host. However, rescuing the Th2-skewing effects of AddaVax alone was not sufficient to enhance protection against mismatched subsequent influenza viral infection in aged mice, suggesting additional factors at play in the diminished vaccine response in aged hosts. This underscores the importance of the macrophage-driven muscle regenerative response in the mechanism of action for squalene-based adjuvants like AddaVax and emphasizes the need to study how muscle damage and regenerative pathways in intramuscular vaccine responses contribute to vaccine effectiveness.
A Visual Circuit Linked To The Lateral Hypothalamus Mediates The Food Consumption-Suppressing And Weight Gain-Attenuating Effects Of Bright Light Treatment
Authors: Huang Lu , Li Wen , Huang Xiaodan , Xu Xiaohuai , Lv Qingguo , Wu Jijin , Hu Zhengfang , Li Ran , Yang Yan , Yu Lijie , Liu Bingjie , Song Li , Xi Yue , So Kwok-Fai , Lin Song , Tao Qian , Ren Chaoran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In addition to its well-established role in vision, environmental light also plays a crucial role in non-image-forming visual functions, including the regulation of instinctive behaviors such as feeding. Clinical evidence suggests that bright light therapy can alleviate symptoms in individuals with obesity. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of light on feeding behaviors remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that bright light treatment effectively reduces food intake and mitigates weight gain in mice through a visual circuit involving the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Specifically, a subset of SMI-32-expressing ON-type retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) innervate GABAergic neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), which in turn inhibits GABAergic neurons in the LHA. Activation of both vLGN-projecting RGCs and the vLGN-to-LHA pathway is sufficient to suppress food consumption and attenuate weight gain. Importantly, we provide direct evidence that the suppressive effects of bright light treatment on food consumption and weight gain rely on the activation of the retina-vLGN-LHA pathway. Together, our results delineate an LHA-related visual circuit underlying the food consumption-suppressing and weight gain-attenuating effects of bright light treatment.
High-Throughput Machine Learning and Experimental Validation Unveils Giant Responsivity for Extreme Ultraviolet Detectors
Authors: Shabbir Babar , Ayyubi Raja Abdul Wahab , Low Mei Xian , Salimi Salar , Khorsandi Majid , Hossain Mosarof , Arooj Hurriyat , Masood Shoaib , Zeb M. Husnain , Mahmood Nasir , Bao Qiaoliang , Walia Sumeet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Identifying materials with optimal optoelectronic properties for targeted applications represents both a critical need and a persistent challenge in optoelectronic device engineering. Machine learning models often depend on extensive datasets, which are typically lacking in specialized research domains such as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation detection. Here, we demonstrate a Cross-Spectral Response Prediction framework that leverages existing visible and ultraviolet (UV) photoresponse data to predict much more efficient material’s performance under EUV radiation. Our predictive model, based on Extremely Randomized Trees, correlates physical descriptors with performance across spectral regions using a comprehensive dataset of 1385 samples. Through this approach, we identified promising materials such as α-MoO3, ReS2, Bi2Te3, and SnO2, achieving giant responsivities of 15 to 40 A/W, exceeding conventional silicon photodiodes by 800 times in EUV sensing applications. Monte Carlo simulations revealed double electron generation rates (~2×106 electrons per million EUV photons) compared to silicon, with experimental validation confirming the effectiveness of our prediction framework for accelerating the discovery of other high performing materials for diverse spectral applications.
Association of both depressive symptom scores and specific depressive symptoms with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhou Qiao , Tang Xinyu , Du Haibo , Chen Gaojian , Xue Song , Chen Yahui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Most research has focused on overall depressive symptom scores, potentially overlooking the distinct effects of individual symptoms. This study aims to investigate the association between both depressive symptom scores and specific depressive symptoms with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods
2981 participants with CKD, aged 18 years old, were enrolled from NHANES from 2007 to 2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The total PHQ-9 score ranges from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depressive symptoms. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Weighted COX regression was used to analyze association of both depressive symptom scores and specific depressive symptoms with all-cause mortality CVD mortality.
Results
After an average follow-up of 92 months, 932 deaths among 2981 participants with CKD were recorded, of which 332 were CVD deaths. The RCS plot showed a linear relationship between depressive symptom scores and all-cause (nonlinear P-value = 0.346) and CVD mortality (nonlinear P-value = 0.177). After full adjustment for potential confounders, every 1-point increase in depressive symptom score was associated with a 4% and 5.4% increase in all-cause (HR, 1.040; 95% CI, 1.020-1.060; P-value <0.001) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.054; 95% CI, 1.027-1.081; P-value <0.001), respectively. Additionally, 6-items (Uninterested in things, Feeling down, Tiredness, Change of appetite, Change in speed of action, and Suicidal ideation) in the PHQ-9 were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Similarly, 3-items (Uninterested in things, Feeling down, and Tiredness) were significantly associated with CVD mortality. There was no significant interaction between depressive symptom scores and all-cause and CVD mortality in any subgroup (all P-values for interaction > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis also further confirmed the stability of the above results.
Conclusions
The elevated depressive symptom scores were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in participants with CKD. Furthermore, 6 specific depressive symptoms were associated with a high risk of all-cause death, and 3 specific depressive symptoms were associated with a high risk of CVD death.
Investigation of the Dengue Arbovirus in the Cities of Bushehr Province through Human Blood Sampling
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar , Alipour Hamzeh , Azari-Hamidian Shahyad , Darabi Amirhossein , Azizi Kourosh , Darvishi Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and spread mainly by Aedes mosquitoes, is a significant public health concern in tropical regions. Bushehr Province in southern Iran, with its conducive climate for mosquito breeding, shows limited data on dengue prevalence, prompting this study. Researchers conducted a study across ten cities in Bushehr, collecting blood samples from 180 participants to detect dengue-specific antibodies through ELISA testing. Results revealed a prevalence rate of 2.78%, with positive cases found in Bushehr, Dashtestan, and Tangestan, indicating localized transmission. These findings highlight the risk of dengue outbreaks and emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance, vector control, and public education. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and inform health policies.
Unraveling the genomic architecture of supernumerary (iso-) dicentric chromosomes in Dup15q syndrome: Insight from a systematic literature-based study
Authors: Burkart Sebastian , Ries Markus , Romero Verena , Burau Karin , Schaaf Christian P. , Hempel Maja 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Chromosomal aberrations, particularly copy-number variations (CNVs), are prevalent in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and significantly contribute to their pathogenesis. Copy-number gains (CN gains) in 15q11-q13, primarily consisting of a pseudo (iso-)dicentric chromosome 15 [ (i)dic(15) ] or an interstitial duplication, are among the most frequent CNVs in NDD. The associated Dup15q syndrome is an early onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, behavioral issues, and seizures with a variable onset and expression of symptoms. While a correlation between number of 15q11-q13 CN gain and symptom severity has been proposed, it fails to fully explain the wide phenotypic variability observed. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature-based analysis of the supernumerary (i)dic(15), generating the largest literature-based cohort consisting of patient-level genotype data for Dup15q syndrome to date. Our findings identified symmetric BP3:BP3 and asymmetric BP4:BP5 (i)dic(15) configurations as the most common (i)dic(15) formations, likely arising from distinct mechanisms and potentially driving characteristic genotype-phenotype outcomes. Additionally, we identified a significant gap within the molecular characterization of (i)dic(15), particularly regarding information on nucleotide-level breakpoint, genomic structure, and differentially imprinted genes, being important aspects for genotype-phenotype predictions. Our findings provide critical insight into the molecular architecture of (i)dic(15), offering valuable implications for understanding pathomechanisms and guidance for future research into the molecular and clinical aspects of Dup15q syndrome.
Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
Authors: Hao Yuang , Ren Shuang , Zhu Yichuan , He Tong-Chuan , Miao Xin , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The impact of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) on gait has been reported; however, no studies have documented the effects of Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (BDDH) combined with FAIS on gait. This study aimed to evaluate the kinematic and kinetic abnormalities of the lower extremities in patients with combined FAIS and BDDH during level walking.
Methods
A total of 42 participants were included, consisting of 14 patients with FAIS + BDDH, 14 with isolated FAIS and 14 healthy controls. Full-cycle kinematic and kinetic data were collected via motion capture and force plates. Gait analysis was performed in three planes (sagittal, coronal and transverse) for the hip, knee, ankle and pelvis joints. The range of motion (ROM), kinematics and kinetics were compared across the three groups.
Results
Compared with isolated FAIS patients, FAIS + BDDH patients presented a significantly greater hip flexion angle during terminal stance and significantly smaller hip extension angles during preswing (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hip abduction moment was significantly reduced in the loading response and midstance phases in FAIS + BDDH patients (P < 0.05). The knee extension moment was significantly reduced during terminal stance in both FAIS groups (P < 0.05). The ankle dorsiflexion angle was significantly greater during midstance in FAIS + BDDH patients than in healthy controls, with concomitant reductions in the ankle dorsiflexion moment (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the range of motion (ROM) of the pelvis or hip joints among the three groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared with patients with isolated FAIS, patients with FAIS combined with BDDH exhibit a gait pattern characterized by biomechanical defects of the hip joint similar to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), increased knee stiffness, and compensatory alterations in the ankle joint.
Level of evidence:V.
Multiple Ischemic Strokes in a Patient Treated with Lecanemab: A Case Report
Authors: Alammar Hajar , Llano Daniel A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Amyloid-lowering therapy has been previously associated with the formation of cerebral edema and/or microhemorrhage, often picked up on MRI and referred to as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, or ARIA.
Case presentation:
We describe a case of a patient with Alzheimer’s Disease treated with the amyloid-lowering drug lecanemab who developed both ARIA-H and ARIA-E, and multiple ischemic infarctions.
Conclusion
This finding, in conjunction with previous reports of ischemic infarction in the setting of anti-amyloid therapy, suggests that amyloid-lowering therapy may predispose individuals to both hemorrhagic and ischemic infarction. This result is discussed in the context of microvascular pathology known to occur in the setting of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Beryllium-Vacancy Color Centers in Diamonds: a Candidate Quantum Spin Sensor
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Zou Diwei , Lu Tengfei , Liao Meiyong , Janssens Stoffel Dominique , Cortes David Vazquez , Li Lijie , Chen Qiao , Wu Gai , Shen Wei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Diamond color centers represent distinctive solid-state spin systems with unique spintronic and optical properties, making them promising candidates for applications in nanoscale quantum sensors, single-photon sources, and quantum information. In this study, density functional theory is employed to investigate the potential of the beryllium-vacancy (BeV) color center in diamonds, focusing on its spintronic and optical properties. The formation energy of BeV in different charge states suggests that BeV2−, BeV−, BeV0 can form in diamond. The geometry optimization of these structures reveals that all possess C3v symmetry. However, the calculations of electron spin occupation shows that only BeV2− possesses a state spin-triplet ground state, which is located deeply inside the bandgap of pristine diamond lattice. The optical transitions and spin flipping mechanisms of BeV2− are simulatively studied, revealing a prominent zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 582 nm, well within the visible light range. The effects of electron donors on the ZPL have also been explored as a confirmation in a doped system. These calculations demonstrate that BeV2− is a potential candidate for color center. This work may pave the way for future experimental investigations into the identification and characterization of the BeV center, as well as its potential applications in alternative nanoscale quantum sensors.
Saudi Healthy Plate-2024: Framework for Developing, Modeling, and Evaluating Saudi Arabia’s Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Alhumaidan Omar A. , Alkhunein Sarah M. , Alakeel Shihana A. , Fallata Ghadir A. , Aldhwayan Madhawi M. , Alfaifi Asalah Y. , Albalwi Wala M. , AlZeer Haya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, accounting for 71% of deaths annually, with similar trends observed in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Healthy Plate 2024 (SHP-2024) was developed by the National Nutrition Committee of the Saudi Food and Drug Authority to address the population's nutritional needs and reduce the burden of NCDs. SHP-2024 provides balanced and culturally appropriate dietary recommendations.Methods SHP-2024 was designed using optimization modeling techniques, incorporating global best practices, expert consultations, and rigorous validation processes. The dietary patterns were calibrated to ensure nutritional adequacy and economic feasibility. Monte Carlo simulations with 10,000 iterations were used to evaluate nutrient intake adequacy across various calorie levels (1,600–3,200 kcal). Nutritional constraints and economic assessments adhered to Saudi regulatory standards and data from the General Authority for Statistics.Results SHP-2024 meets the average requirements for most macronutrients and micronutrients, including protein, iron, and phosphorus, across all calorie patterns. However, deficiencies in vitamin E and choline intakes were identified. The guidelines demonstrated scalability and flexibility, adapting to varying caloric requirements while maintaining nutritional balance. Cost analysis revealed affordability, with diet costs ranging from 380.7 to 762.7 SAR, ensuring accessibility for the population.Conclusions SHP-2024 represents a significant step in addressing NCDs through optimized dietary guidance tailored to Saudi Arabia’s needs. This intervention is effective in meeting most nutritional targets; however, addressing gaps in certain nutrients remains a priority for future iterations. These guidelines provide a robust foundation for public health strategies, fostering improved dietary practices and reducing the economic burden of NCDs.