bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bash Comment Generation via Data Augmentation and Semantic-Aware CodeBERT
Authors: Shen Yiheng , Ju Xiaolin , Chen Xiang , Yang Guang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding Bash code is challenging for developers due to its syntax flexibility and unique features. Bash lacks sufficient training data compared to comment generation tasks in popular programming languages. Furthermore, collecting more real Bash code and corresponding comments is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we propose a two-module method named Bash2Com for Bash code comments generation. The first module, NP-GD, is a gradient-based automatic data augmentation component that enhances normalization stability when generating adversarial examples. The second module, MASA, leverages CodeBERT to learn the rich semantics of Bash code. Specifically, MASA considers the representations learned at each layer of CodeBERT as a set of semantic information that captures recursive relationships within the code. To generate comments for different Bash snippets, MASA employs LSTM and attention mechanisms to dynamically concentrate on relevant representational information. Then, we utilize the Transformer decoder and beam search algorithm to generate code comments. To evaluate the effectiveness of Bash2Com, we consider a corpus of 10,592 Bash code and Semantic-Aware CodeBERT and corresponding comments. Compared with the state-of-the-art base-lines, our experimental results show that Bash2Com can outperform all baselines by at least 10.19%, 11.81%, 2.61%, and 6.13% in terms of the performance measures BLEU-3/4, METEOR, and ROUGR-L. Moreover, the rationality of NP-GD and MASA in Bash2Com are verified by ablation studies. Finally, we conduct a human evaluation to illustrate the effectiveness of Bash2Com from practitioners’ perspectives.
Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes for Ultrahigh-Definition Displays
Authors: Yang Chuluo , Hua Tao , Cao Xiaosong , Miao Jingsheng , Yin Xiaojun , Chen Zhanxiang , Huang Zhongyan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation ultra-high definition displays due to their narrowband emission and triplet-harvesting capability. However, achieving optimal color purity and device efficiency for blue MR-TADF emitters has presented challenges. Here we demonstrate an effective approach to attain superior deep-blue molecules by constructing twisted boron/nitrogen/oxygen embedded higher-order fused-ring frameworks with fully resonating structures. The optimized emitter exhibits high rigidity and minimized bonding/anti-bonding character for ultra-sharp emission, along with near-degenerate singlet and triplet states and large spin-orbit couplings for rapid spin-flip. This combination of features allows our emitter to produce deep-blue emission at 458 nm with an exceptionally narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 12 nm in solution, and a reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC) of 2.60 × 106 s−1, on par with those of heavy-atom-based MR-TADF molecules. The related single unit organic light-emitting diode (OLED) achieves an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.5% at color coordinates of (0.130, 0.050), and sets a new benchmark with its 13 nm FWHM, outperforming conventional light-emitting diodes, perovskite, and quantum-dot devices. Furthermore, the two-unit stacked tandem hyperfluorescence OLED realizes an ultra-high EQE of 74.5% and demonstrates low efficiency roll-off at high luminance. This exceptional performance represents a significant advancement in the quest to balance efficiency and color purity in the deep-blue region, marking an important step toward power-efficient ultrawide color gamut displays.
Factors associated with anatomical patterns of peptic ulcer perforations in a low income country: a multicenter cross sectional study
Authors: Edyedu Isaac , Okedi Francis Xaviour , Muhumuza Joshua , Asiimwe Daniel , Laker Goretty , Lule Herman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Perforated peptic ulcer is the worst complication of peptic ulcer disease whose burden is disproportionately higher in low-income settings. However, there is paucity of published data on the patterns of perforated peptic ulcer in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with anatomical patterns of peptic ulcer perforation, as well as the clinical, socio-demographic, and anatomical patterns among patients in Uganda. Methods: This was a cross sectional study that enrolled 83 consecutive patients with perforated peptic ulcers. At surgery the patterns of the perforations were determined and using a structured pretested questionnaire the social demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained. Logistic regression was done in SPSS version 22 to determine the factors associated with the anatomical patterns. Results: Perforated peptic ulcer disease was more prevalent amongst male (79.5%) peasants (56.8%) of rural residence (65.4%). Majority of study participants were of blood group O (43.2%). The gastric perforations were more common (74.1%) than duodenal, found anteriorly (81.5%) in most of the cases. Being a casual laborer was independently associated with lower odds of having a gastric perforation compared to being a peasant farmer (P < 0.05). Conclusion Public health campaigns aimed at prevention of peptic ulcer perforations should prioritize the males, peasants and those living in rural areas. When a patient in our setting is suspected to have a peptic ulcer perforation, the anterior part of the stomach should be considered as the most likely site involved more so in peasant farmers.
Long time dynamics of quasi-linear Hamiltonian Klein-Gordon equations on the circle
Authors: Feola Roberto , Giuliani Filippo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider a class of Hamiltonian Klein-Gordon equations with a quasilinear, quadratic nonlinearity under periodic boundary conditions. For a large set of masses, we provide a precise description of the dynamics for an open set of small initial data of size $\eps$ showing that the corresponding solutions remain close to oscillatory motions over a time scale $\eps^{-9/4+\delta}$ for any $\delta>0$. The key ingredients of the proof are normal form methods, para-differential calculus and a modified energy approach.
Synthesis of a hierarchical porous organic [4[2+3]+6] ‘cage of cages’
Authors: Little Marc , ZHU QIANG , Qu Hang , Avcı Gökay , Zhao Chengxi , Jelfs Kim , Cooper Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We report a new two-step, hierarchical synthesis that assembles a trigonal prismatic organic cage into a more symmetrical, higher-order tetrahedral cage, or ‘cage of cages’. Both the pre-formed [2 + 3] trigonal cage building blocks and the resultant [4[2 + 3] + 6] tetrahedral cage molecule are constructed using ether bridges. This affords the [4[2 + 3] + 6]cage molecule excellent hydrolytic stability that is not a feature of more common dynamic cage linkers, such as imines. Despite its relatively high molar mass (3002 g mol− 1), this [4[2 + 3] + 6]cage exhibits good solubility and crystallises into a porous superstructure with a surface area of 763 m2 g− 1. By contrast, the [2 + 3] prismatic cage building block is not porous. The hierarchical [4[2 + 3] + 6]cage molecule shows high CO2 uptakes due to its polar skeleton. The preference for the [4[2 + 3] + 6]cage over other possible cage products can be predicted by computational modelling, suggesting a broader design strategy for hierarchical organic cages with synthetically engineered functions.
Size and velocity correlation for splashing droplets generated by jet impingement
Authors: Zeng Qin , Zhu David Z. , Qian Shangtuo , Xu Hui , Feng Jiangang , Ye Han , Li Pengcheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Municipal drainage systems can transmit harmful microorganisms such as COVID-19 virus through wastewater as well as drain airflow with suspended tiny bio-droplets. The generation of tiny droplets in drainage systems can be simplified as the phenomenon of jet impingement and splashing, which is also common in industries, but the size and velocity correlation and the kinetic energy of splashing droplets remain unclear. This paper uses high-speed photography to study splashing from a jet impinging on a horizontal plate. Since the jet can break into successive drops before impingement, successive drops impingement and continuous jet impingement are defined and their splashing modes are revealed. Successive drops impingement and continuous jet impingement respectively produce splashing droplets with sizes smaller than 0.25 and 0.3 times the size of the impact drops and jet, and with the velocities up to 3.0 and 1.5 times the impact velocity. Correlations between size and velocity of splashing droplets are established: the range and maximum of velocity increase as diameter decreases, and the high velocity splashing droplets have ejection angles within 10° to 20°. For successive drops impingement, the percentage of total kinetic energy of splashing droplets relative to impact kinetic energy increases with impact Weber number and can reach nearly 50%, however, it varies little with impact Weber number for continuous jet impingement, reaching only 10%. Successive drops impingement produces more splashing droplets characterized by a combination of smaller size, higher velocity and larger ejection angle, resulting in a greater risk of producing airborne microorganisms.
Socioeconomic factors affecting the use of contraceptives: An empirical analysis on mothers having at least two children in Bangladesh.
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Safi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to understand the factors influencing the use of contraceptives among women with two or more children, focusing on socio-demographic factors. Using cross-sectional data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 (N=9977), the study found that 80.9% of women with at least two children were using contraceptives. As a statistical method, logistic regression was performed to identify the factors influencing contraception decisions for mothers of two or more children in Bangladesh. Knowledge about the source of contraceptives and ovulatory factors increased the likelihood of using contraceptives. The most influential factor for mothers of at least two children was the source of contraceptives, highlighting the importance of outreach activities by Family Planning (FP) workers. With the increase of living children, the use of contraceptives was found to be increased where the women with more sons were more likely to adopt contraception than that of women without son. The study concluded that incorporating reproductive and sex education into the academic curriculum, increasing domiciliary visits of FP workers, and addressing women from lower socioeconomic status should help improve contraceptive use. Policymakers should also provide modern contraception to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
Identification of α-mangostin as a potent inhibitor of β-lactamase OXA-48
Authors: Cheng Wenhui , Zhang Yuejuan , Chen Cheng , Gao Lei , Lv Yuwei , Yu Dian , Chen Bin , Wan Yi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The production of carbapenemases is a significant mechanism contributing to carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Among these carbapenemases, OXA-48 presents a distinct challenge and threat, as most β-lactamase inhibitors do not effectively inhibit its activity. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory potential of α-mangostin against OXA-48 with an IC50 value of 0.52 μM. Enzyme activity assays demonstrated that α-mangostin inhibited OXA-48 reversibly through a non-competitive and dose-dependent inhibition mode. The docking analysis revealed that the 7-hydroxyl group of α-mangostin formed hydrogen bonds with Thr197 and Trp222, whereas the 5-hydroxyl group and the 4-carbonyl group interacted with Lys116 and Met115. Our study indicates that α-mangostin exhibits significant inhibition against OXA-48 and holds promise as a potential compound for the development of β-lactamase inhibitors.
Metabolomics Analysis of Cigar from China's Major Tobacco Growing Regions
Authors: li xueshan , Liu guoxiang , Wang Jun , Ji Yan , Li Yangyang , Li Yuan , Xiang Huan , Yang Aiguo , Dai Peigang , Zhang Xingwei , Zhou Huina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Despite the flourishing international trade of cigar tobacco leaves and China's significant cigar market, there has been limited systematic reports on the main characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves from different regions of China. These characteristics include the agro-ecological adaptability of cigar tobacco to major tobacco producing areas in China and the characteristics of cigar metabolite accumulation among different regions in China. Therefore, the cigar industry developed in various provinces in China lacks reference for agricultural and ecological adaptability assessment, reference for the selection of planting areas, and reference databases for cigar and tobacco metabolite characteristics.
Results The agronomic traits of the cigar tobacco varieties across the four regions displayed considerable value for harvesting. All four regions possessed the necessary agricultural conditions for conducting cigar tobacco agroecological adaptability research. A total of 793 metabolites were detected and annotated, including 80 volatile metabolites, 209 semi-volatile metabolites, and 504 endogenous metabolites. These comprised 113 alcohols, 97 sugars, 73 amino acids, 56 ketones, 45 alkanes, and 26 aldehydes. By selecting for VIP≥1, FC＞2, or FC＜0.5, 36.65% of metabolites exhibited differences between at least two experimental points. A preliminary reference database encompassing characteristics of metabolites accumulation of cigar tobacco was constructed, providing a reference for future metabolite research in various domestic cigar tobacco producing regions.
Conclusions Positive correlations between cigar tobacco yield and primary metabolite accumulation were observed. Prolonged high-temperature and rainy conditions were found to be detrimental to the accumulation of secondary metabolites responsible for aroma in cigar tobacco. Shifang, Sichuan (N: 31.127°, E: 104.168°) demonstrated significant advantages in the accumulation of various aroma-related metabolites such as aldehydes, sugars and amino acids. It was selected as a reference point for subsequent comparisons of metabolite accumulation levels in cigar tobacco, offering insights and references for the cultivation site selection and in-depth metabolite research of cigar tobacco in China.
Diabetes-specific complete smoothie formulas improve postprandial glycemic response in obese type 2 diabetic individuals: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Mongkolsucharitkul Pichanun , Pinsawas Bonggochpass , Surawit Apinya , Pongkunakorn Tanyaporn , Manosan Thamonwan , Ophakas Suphawan , Suta Sophida , Pumeiam Sureeporn , Mayurasakorn Korapat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background High-protein, low-carbohydrate enteral formulas (EN) can improve glycemic control in individuals for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in ambulatory care. This study aimed to compare newly developed diabetes-specific complete smoothie formulas with a standard diabetes-specific nutritional formula (DSNF) regarding their effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin levels, and lipid metabolism in obese T2DM patients.
Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 41 obese T2DM participants. Two smoothie formulas were developed from locally available Thai products as experimental products: soy-based smoothie drinks (regular smoothie drink; SM, smoothie with modified carbohydrate content; SMMC) containing high protein and low disaccharides (28-39% carbohydrate, 24-28% protein and 37-44% fat). We compared them to the standard DSNF, Glucerna, with its typical composition (38% carbohydrate, 18% protein, and 33% fat). Glycemic and insulin responses were assessed after participants consumed 300 kilocalories of each formulation, randomly on three separate days with a 7-day gap between. Postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), C-peptide, and glucagon were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes.
Results SMMC resulted in significantly lower glucose area under the curve (AUC0-240) compared to Glucerna and SM (P<0.05 for both). Insulin AUC0-240 after SMMC was significantly lower than after SM and Glucerna (P<0.05). During the diets, the suppression of NEFA was more augmented on SM, resulting in a less total AUC0-240 of NEFA compared to the SMMC diet (P<0.05). C-peptide AUC0-240 after SMMC was significantly lower than after Glucerna (P<0.001). Conversely, glucagon AUC0-240 after SMMC was significantly higher than after SM and Glucerna (P<0.05).
Conclusions These results demonstrated that SMMC was the better insulin-sensitive formula among the three formulas of the same caloric level. This effect may be achieved by either through increased insulin secretion or direct reduction in glucose absorption. The positive effects are likely related to their unique composition of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats from natural ingredients in the smoothies. These smoothies may be a promising functional food for the management and supplementation for diabetes and obesity.
Modulation of subthalamic beta oscillations by movement, dopamine, and deep brain stimulation in chronic recordings of Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Mathiopoulou Varvara , Lofredi Roxanne , Feldmann Lucia K. , Habets Jeroen , Darcy Natasha , Neumann Wolf-Julian , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Faust Katharina , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Subthalamic beta band activity (13-35 Hz) is known as a real-time correlate of motor symptom severity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is currently explored as a feedback signal for closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here, we investigate the interaction of movement, dopaminergic medication, and deep brain stimulation on subthalamic beta activity in PD patients implanted with sensing-enabled, implantable pulse generators. We recorded subthalamic activity from seven PD patients at rest and during repetitive movements in four conditions: after withdrawal of dopaminergic medication and DBS, with medication only, with DBS only, and with simultaneous medication and DBS. Medication and DBS showed additive effects in improving motor performance. Distinct effects of each therapy were seen in subthalamic recordings, with medication primarily suppressing low beta activity (13-20 Hz) and DBS being associated with a broad decrease in beta band activity (13-35 Hz). Movement suppressed beta band activity compared to rest. This suppression was most prominent when combining medication with DBS and correlated with motor improvement within patients. We conclude that DBS and medication have distinct effects on subthalamic beta activity during both rest and movement, which might explain their additive clinical effects as well as their difference in side-effect profiles. Importantly, subthalamic beta activity significantly correlated with motor symptoms across all conditions, highlighting its validity as a feedback signal for closed-loop DBS.
Guided atrial fibrillation ablation combined with left atrial appendage occlusion by fluoroscopy alone: a propensity-matched study
Authors: Luo Yang , Gao Bin , Qin Xutang , Wang Yan , Yin Jinlei , Li Bin , Zhao Yujie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Assessing the Efficacy, Safety, and Economic Analysis of Transcatheter Closure of Left Atrial Appendage with Guidance of Perspective Directing Catheter Ablation Procedure.
Methods
The study included patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who were admitted to the Seventh People's Hospital, Zhengzhou City, and underwent catheter ablation from March 2017 to April 2022. These patients were divided into two groups, the transesophageal echocardiography combined with fluoroscopy group (TEE group, n = 73) and the fluoroscopy-guided group (DSA group, n = 73), using propensity score matching. Perioperative and follow-up data were compared to assess the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of fluoroscopy-guided left atrial appendage closure combined with catheter ablation.
Results
Both groups of patients successfully completed catheter ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion, with similar procedure times (P > 0.05), indicating no statistical difference. In total, 4 patients experienced pericardial effusion and 1 patient experienced vagal reflex (P > 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences. Regarding the occurrence of minimal pericardial effusion, there was a statistically significant difference between the DSA group and the TEE group (P < 0.05), suggesting that the DSA group may have an advantage. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the DSA group and the TEE group in terms of hospitalization period and expenses (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of atrial fibrillation recurrence, re-ablation, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and embolism. There were also no statistically significant differences in terms of all-cause mortality, all-cause rehospitalization, cardiovascular event rehospitalization, and major bleeding. Likewise, there were no statistically significant differences in terms of device displacement, residual shunting related to the device, and device-related thrombosis.
Conclusions
For the left atrial appendage occlusion combined with catheter ablation, the effectiveness and safety of DSA alone are not inferior to DSA combined with TEE guidance, and it has certain advantages in reducing hospital costs and length of stay.
Does Medicaid Institutions for Mental Diseases Exclusion Waiver Crowd Out the Access to Treatment Among Commercially Insured Substance Use Disorder Patients? An Empirical Study Using Commercial Insurance Claims Data
Authors: Ge Yimin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Medicaid payment exclusion waivers for substance use disorder (SUD), as part of the Section 1115 demonstration program, allow states to pay for SUD-related services received in institutions for mental diseases (IMDs). As of the end of 2020, 28 states obtained such waivers. Due to the limitation in treatment capacity and long treatment cycle, questions are raised about the potential crowd-out effect of expanding Medicaid benefits on commercially insured patients. This paper examines whether adopting Medicaid IMD exclusion waivers crowds out the access to treatment of commercially insured SUD patients.
Methods
The study uses a synthetic control difference-in-difference approach to examine the waiver effect, with commercial insurance claims data during the period 2012-2020. The analysis is repeated for SUD patients with mental health comorbidities and compares the differences between the two groups of patients.
Results
In general, commercial plan enrollees use more outpatient SUD treatment (41.5%) compared to inpatient or residential (14.9%) and intensive outpatient/partial hospitalization (1.4%). Instead of finding a crowd-out impact on access, the findings suggest adopting an IMD SUD waiver contributes to a 0.2 percentage point increase in access to intensive outpatient or partial hospitalization treatment services among commercially insured SUD patients. No impact is found on access to inpatient, outpatient, and medication-assisted treatment.
Conclusions
This study offers insights into access to treatment among commercially insured SUD patients. It provides evidence of the importance of Medicaid policies in shaping the treatment market beyond the Medicaid population.