bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring behavioural patterns and their relationships with social annotation outcomes
Authors: Li Shan , Huang Xiaoshan , Zhu Gaoxia , Du Hanxiang , Zhong Tianlong , Hou Chenyu , Zheng Juan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial annotation has emerged as a promising educational technology that fosters collaborative reading and discussion of digital resources among learners. While the positive impact of social annotation on students' learning process and performance is widely acknowledged, students' behavioural patterns in social annotation are underexplored.ObjectivesThis study investigated patterns in students' use of annotation and response behaviours in social annotation activities. We also explored how students' performance in the behavioural, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions varied based on their behavioural patterns.MethodsWe recruited 93 undergraduates who were enrolled in an elective course at a large North American University. Students were tasked with collaboratively annotating the class readings uploaded to Perusall, a social annotation platform, over 7 weeks. We used metaclustering to determine the optimal number of clusters pertaining to student behaviours. We compared the differences among clusters across multiple performance dimensions.Results and ConclusionsTwo distinct clusters were identified and defined as initiators and responders. We found that responders had significantly longer active reading time and exhibited greater social annotation effort compared to initiators. However, initiators received more peer acknowledgement, as evidenced by higher upvotes. No significant difference was found in cognitive insight between initiators and responders, but responders demonstrated significantly higher cognitive discrepancy. Additionally, there were no significant differences in positive and negative tones between initiators and responders; however, responders displayed higher levels of prosocial behaviours than initiators. This study has significant practical implications regarding promoting students' collaborative learning experience in social annotation.
Organizations, Institutions, and Symbols: Introduction to a Point‐Counterpoint Conversation
Authors: Muzio Daniel , Dalpiaz Elena , Jancsary Dennis , Moser Christine , Leixnering Stephan , Höllerer Markus , Phillips Nelson , Kornberger Martin , Meyer Renate 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe symbol is one of the key concepts in organization and management scholarship. Yet as indicated by the authors in this debate, it has not been adequately conceptualized and as such it remains rather blunt and opaque. In what is the first systematic conceptual debate on this topic, the authors of this Point‐Counterpoint debate seek to address this issue. The respective essays, despite marked differences in their approaches, offer novel and thought‐provoking accounts of what the symbol is and how it works. Taken together, these contributions offer a series of exciting new avenues to guide and redirect future research in this area.
A systematic review of the performance of actigraphy in measuring sleep stages
Authors: Yuan Hang , Hill Elizabeth A. , Kyle Simon D. , Doherty Aiden 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe accuracy of actigraphy for sleep staging is assumed to be poor, but examination is limited. This systematic review aimed to assess the performance of actigraphy in sleep stage classification of adults. A systematic search was performed using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. We identified eight studies that compared sleep architecture estimates between wrist‐worn actigraphy and polysomnography. Large heterogeneity was found with respect to how sleep stages were grouped, and the choice of metrics used to evaluate performance. Quantitative synthesis was not possible, so we performed a narrative synthesis of the literature. From the limited number of studies, we found that actigraphy‐based sleep staging had some ability to classify different sleep stages compared with polysomnography.
A narrative review of research linking non‐sexual social touch to sleep quality
Authors: Xie Yuxi , Feeney Brooke C. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis narrative review describes the current state of the literature that has examined associations between non‐sexual social touch (i.e., affectionate touch, touch therapies, touch with animals and inanimate objects that mimic social touch) and sleep quality. It also highlights areas for future research to clarify the links and to identify underlying mechanisms. Most existing studies have focussed on and shown positive effects of touch therapies (e.g., massage, therapeutic touch) on sleep quality in clinical populations. Although there are fewer studies examining how other forms of social touch are linked with sleep quality, the existing research provides preliminary evidence supporting affectionate touch (e.g., hugging, skin‐to‐skin contact) and tactile contact with animals (e.g., dogs) and objects that mimic social touch (e.g., robots, weighted blankets) as predictors of better sleep quality, while touch deprivation and touch aversion are associated with worse sleep quality. Informed by the existing literature, we additionally reviewed potential relational‐cognitive (e.g., felt‐security) and neurobiological (e.g., oxytocin) mechanisms likely to underlie associations between social touch and sleep quality. Overall, current research supports associations between non‐sexual social touch and sleep quality. However, future research is needed to establish these links for specific forms of social touch (and in various populations), to test explanatory mechanisms, and to identify boundary conditions. Understanding associations between non‐sexual social touch and sleep quality can inform the development of touch‐based interventions to improve sleep quality and health.
Exploring silique number in Brassica napus L.: Genetic and molecular advances for improving yield
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Xiaodong , Meng Boyu , Fan Yonghai , Khan Shahid Ullah , Qian Mingchao , Zhang Minghao , Yang Haikun , Lu Kun 
Published: February 2024

SummarySilique number is a crucial yield‐related trait for the genetic enhancement of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The intricate molecular process governing the regulation of silique number involves various factors. Despite advancements in understanding the mechanisms regulating silique number in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), the molecular processes involved in controlling silique number in rapeseed remain largely unexplored. In this review, we identify candidate genes and review the roles of genes and environmental factors in regulating rapeseed silique number. We use genetic regulatory networks for silique number in Arabidopsis and grain number in rice to uncover possible regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating genes associated with rapeseed silique number. A better understanding of the genetic network regulating silique number in rapeseed will provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of this trait and genetic resources for the molecular breeding of high‐yielding rapeseed.
A longitudinal study on the impact of high‐altitude hypoxia on perceptual processes
Authors: Guo Fumei , Wang Changming , Tao Getong , Ma Hailin , Zhang Jiaxing , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the neural mechanisms underlying high‐altitude (HA) adaptation and deadaptation in perceptual processes in lowlanders. Eighteen healthy lowlanders were administered a facial S1‐S2 matching task that included incomplete face (S1) and complete face (S2) photographs combined with ERP technology. Participants were tested at four time points: shortly before they departed the HA (Test 1), twenty‐five days after entering the HA (Test 2), and one week (Test 3) and one month (Test 4) after returning to the lowlands. Compared with those at sea level (SL), shorter reaction times (RTs), shorter latencies of P1 and N170, and larger amplitudes of complete face N170 were found in HAs. After returning to SL, compared with that of HA, the amplitude of the incomplete face P1 was smaller after one week, and the complete face was smaller after one month. The right hemisphere N170 amplitude was greater after entering HA and one week after returning to SL than at baseline, but it returned to baseline after one month. Taken together, the current findings suggest that HA adaptation increases visual cortex excitation to accelerate perceptual processing. More mental resources are recruited during the configural encoding stage of complete faces after HA exposure. The perceptual processes affected by HA exposure are reversible after returning to SL, but the low‐level processing stage differs between incomplete and complete faces due to neural compensation mechanisms. The configural encoding stage in the right hemisphere is affected by HA exposure and requires more than one week but less than one month to recover to baseline.
Does the use of GIS in geographical education yield better learning outcomes? Evidence from a quasi‐experimental study on air pollution teaching
Authors: Yang Daihu , Wang Chuanbing , Qian Liqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe use of GIS to enhance student learning in geographical education has garnered broad recognition. Notwithstanding this, the diffusion of GIS technology into class teaching has been slow. This study endeavored to examine the effects of GIS usage in air pollution teaching on learning outcomes of secondary school students. To this end, two parallel classes in the same academic year were chosen as the control and experimental groups. A quasi‐experimental research design was used to compare the learning outcomes of the experimental group who were exposed to the use of GIS in air pollution teaching with those of the control group who were not. The results show that GIS‐based teaching does lead to improvement in students' learning outcomes, although not uniformly. More specifically, GIS‐based teaching enhances high‐order cognitive abilities related to application and analysis, highlighting the effectiveness of GIS as a tool in educational settings, especially for developing advanced cognitive abilities.
When do benefits turn to risks? Impact of a 900 mL whole blood donation on Special Forces performance
Authors: Degueldre Julie , Dessy E. , T'Sas F. , Keesebilck E. , Deneys V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpecial Forces (SF) teams operate in remote environments with limited medical support. As a result, they may need to rely on buddy transfusions to treat bleeding teammates. Considering that 450 mL has no direct impact on their combat performances, it might be tempting to take more blood from a compatible donor to save a hemorrhaging teammate. This study investigates the effect of a 900 mL blood donation on SF operator performance and recovery time following this donation.Study Design and MethodsParticipants underwent a multifactorial assessment including measures of physiological parameters, vigilance, and physical performance. Results from the day of blood donation were compared with baseline values obtained 1 week earlier (i.e., immediate effect), as well as repeated testing at 7, 14, and approximately 30 days after blood donation (i.e., recovery period).ResultsHemoglobin levels and heart rate were affected by giving blood. The participants also experienced a significant decrease in physical performance of more than 50% immediately after blood donation. Recovery was slow over the following weeks, remaining significantly different from baseline until full recovery around day 30. However, participants were still able to respond to a simple stimulus and adjust their response, if necessary, even immediately after donating blood.DiscussionA 900 mL blood donation greatly affects the physical fitness of SF operators. A donation may be worthwhile if it is the only life‐saving procedure available and does not endanger the donor's life. The donor would then become a patient and unable to complete the mission.
Impact of bariatric surgery, lifestyle change, and pharmacotherapy on fertility in men with obesity: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Peel Andrew , Mathews Nicola , Vincent Andrew D. , Jesudason David , Wittert Gary , McPherson Nicole O. 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This review will determine whether various health interventions designed to reduce weight (lifestyle change, bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy) in men with obesity are associated with improved fertility markers. The review will also establish whether the degree of weight loss achieved through these methods is associated with improvement.

Introduction:
Current preconception guidelines provide limited information for men with obesity. Small studies implementing lifestyle changes in men are associated with improvement in sperm quality, whereas bariatric surgery has not been associated with improvements in sperm quality. Determining the benefit of different interventions and the relationship to weight lost is necessary to optimize male fertility.

Inclusion criteria:
The population will be men younger than 50 years with overweight (BMI >25 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2). The exposure of interest will be an intervention undertaken to improve health or reduce weight, categorized as lifestyle change, bariatric surgery, or pharmacotherapy. Outcomes will include time to conception, fecundity rate, assisted reproduction outcomes, and semen quality measures. Secondary analysis will determine whether degree of weight loss achieved is associated with degree of improvement.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of etiology and risk. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus. Articles not published or translated into English will be excluded. Methodological quality will be assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Data will be extracted using a tool developed by the reviewers. Statistical meta-analysis will be performed where possible to synthesize outcomes of similar methods.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42022349665
Complete Solutions for the Approximate Synthesis of Spherical Four-Bar Function Generators
Authors: O’Connor Sam , Plecnik Mark , Baskar Aravind , Joo James 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Kinematic synthesis to meet an approximate motion specification naturally forms a constrained optimization problem. Instead of using local methods, we conduct global design searches by direct computation of all critical points. The idea is not new, but performed at scale is only possible through modern polynomial homotopy continuation solvers. Such a complete computation finds all minima, including the global, which allows for a full exploration of the design space, whereas local solvers can only find the minimum nearest to an initial guess. We form equality-constrained objective functions that pertain to the synthesis of spherical four-bar linkages for approximate function generation. We consider the general case where all mechanism dimensions may vary and a more specific case that enables the placement of ground pivots. The former optimization problem is shown to permit 268 sets of critical points, and the latter permits 61 sets. Critical points are classified as saddles or minima through a post-process eigenanalysis of the projected Hessian. The discretization points are contained within the coefficients of the stationarity polynomials, so the algebraic structure of the synthesis equations remains invariant to the number of points. The results of our computational work were used to design a mechanism that coordinates the folding wings. We also use this method to parameterize mechanism dimensions for a family of hyperbolic curves.
Reconfigurable Thick-Panel Structures Based on a Stacked Origami Tube
Authors: Liu Weiqi , Song Yuxing , Chen Yan , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Variable crease origami that exhibits crease topological morphing allows a given crease pattern to be folded into multiple shapes, greatly extending the reconfigurability of origami structures. However, it is a challenge to enable the thick-panel forms of such crease patterns to bifurcate uniquely and reliably into desired modes. Here, thick-panel theory combined with cuts is applied to a stacked origami tube with multiple bifurcation paths. The thick-panel form corresponding to the stacked origami tube is constructed, which can bifurcate exactly between two desired modes without falling into other bifurcation paths. Then, kinematic analysis is carried out, and the results reveal that the thick-panel origami tube is kinematically equivalent to its zero-thickness form with one degree-of-freedom (DOF). In addition, a reconfigurable physical prototype of the thick-panel origami tube is produced, which achieves reliable bifurcation control through a single actuator. Such thick-panel origami tubes with controllable reconfigurability have great potential engineering applications in the fields of morphing systems such as mechanical metamaterials, morphing wings, and deployable structures.
Prodomain-driven enzyme dimerization: a pH-dependent autoinhibition mechanism that controls
Plasmodium
Sub1 activity before merozoite egress
Authors: Martinez Mariano , Bouillon Anthony , Brûlé Sébastien , Raynal Bertrand , Haouz Ahmed , Alzari Pedro M. , Barale Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Malaria symptoms are associated with the asexual multiplication of
Plasmodium falciparum
within human red blood cells (RBCs) and fever peaks coincide with the egress of daughter merozoites following the rupture of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and the RBC membranes. Over the last two decades, it has emerged that the release of competent merozoites is tightly regulated by a complex cascade of events, including the unusual multi-step activation mechanism of the pivotal subtilisin-like protease 1 (Sub1) that takes place in three different cellular compartments and remains poorly understood. Following an initial auto-maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) between its pro- and catalytic domains, the Sub1 prodomain (PD) undergoes further cleavages by the parasite aspartic protease plasmepsin X (PmX) within acidic secretory organelles that ultimately lead to full Sub1 activation upon discharge into the PV. Here, we report the crystal structure of full-length
P. falciparum
Sub1 (PfS1
FL
) and demonstrate, through structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies, that the atypical
Plasmodium-
specific Sub1 PD directly promotes the assembly of inactive enzyme homodimers at acidic pH, whereas Sub1 is primarily monomeric at neutral pH. Our results shed new light into the finely tuned Sub1 spatiotemporal activation during secretion, explaining how PmX processing and full activation of Sub1 can occur in different cellular compartments, and uncover a robust mechanism of pH-dependent subtilisin autoinhibition that plays a key role in
P. falciparum
merozoites egress from infected host cells.

IMPORTANCE

Malaria fever spikes are due to the rupture of infected erythrocytes, allowing the egress of
Plasmodium
sp. merozoites and further parasite propagation. This fleeting tightly regulated event involves a cascade of enzymes, culminating with the complex activation of the subtilisin-like protease 1, Sub1. Differently than other subtilisins, Sub1 activation strictly depends upon the processing by a parasite aspartic protease within acidic merozoite secretory organelles. However, Sub1 biological activity is required in the pH neutral parasitophorous vacuole, to prime effectors involved in the rupture of the vacuole and erythrocytic membranes. Here, we show that the unusual, parasite-specific Sub1 prodomain is directly responsible for its acidic-dependent dimerization and autoinhibition, required for protein secretion, before its full activation at neutral pH in a monomeric form. pH-dependent Sub1 dimerization defines a novel, essential regulatory element involved in the finely tuned spatiotemporal activation of the egress of competent
Plasmodium
merozoites.
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy with methionine homozygosity at codon 129 in the prion protein gene
Authors: Clemmensen Frederikke Kragh , Areskeviciute Ausrine , Lund Eva Løbner , Roos Peter 
Published: February 2024

Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) is a recently characterised rare subtype of sporadic prion disease, mainly affecting individuals with valine homozygosity at codon 129 in the prion protein gene, with only seven methionine homozygote cases reported to date. This case presents clinical, neuropathological and biochemical features of the eighth VPSPr case worldwide with methionine homozygosity at codon 129 and compares the features with the formerly presented cases.The patient, a woman in her 70s, presented with cognitive decline, impaired balance and frequent falls. Medical history and clinical presentation were suggestive of a rapidly progressive dementia disorder. MRI showed bilateral thalamic hyperintensity. Cerebrospinal fluid real-time quaking-induced conversion was negative, and the electroencephalogram was unremarkable. The diagnosis was established through post-mortem pathological examinations. VPSPr should be suspected in rapidly progressive dementia lacking typical features or paraclinical results of protein misfolding diseases.
Personalised preinterventional risk stratification of mortality, length of stay and hospitalisation costs in transcatheter aortic valve implantation using a machine learning algorithm: a pilot trial
Authors: Zisiopoulou Maria , Berkowitsch Alexander , Redlich Leonard , Walther Thomas , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Leistner David M 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionRisk stratification based on Euroscore II (ESII) is used in some centres to assist decisions to perform transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) procedures. ESII is a generic, non-TAVI-specific metric, and its performance fades for mortality at follow-up longer than 30 days. We investigated if a TAVI-specific predictive model could achieve improved predictive preinterventional accuracy of 1-year mortality compared with ESII.Patients and methodsIn this prospective pilot study, 284 participants with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis who underwent TAVI were enrolled. Standard clinical metrics (American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA), New York Heart Association and ESII) and patient-reported outcome measures (EuroQol-5 Dimension-Visual Analogue Scale, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS)) were assessed 1 day before TAVI. Using these data, we tested predictive models (logistic regression and decision tree algorithm (DTA)) with 1-year mortality as the dependent variable.ResultsLogistic regression yielded the best prediction, with ASA and CFS as the strongest predictors of 1-year mortality. Our logistic regression model score showed significantly better prediction accuracy than ESII (area under the curve=0.659 vs 0.800; p=0.002). By translating our results to a DTA, cut-off score values regarding 1-year mortality risk emerged for low, intermediate and high risk. Treatment costs and length of stay (LoS) significantly increased in high-risk patients.Conclusions and significanceA novel TAVI-specific model predicts 1-year mortality, LoS and costs after TAVI using simple, established, transparent and inexpensive metrics before implantation. Based on this preliminary evidence, TAVI team members and patients can make informed decisions based on a few key metrics. Validation of this score in larger patient cohorts is needed.