bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of monodisperse silver colloids by reduction with hydrazine: the effect of chloride and aggregation on SER(R)S signal intensity
Authors: Nickel U. , Mansyreff K. , Schneider S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSER(R)S spectra with high signal intensity of Nile Blue A sulfate and 1,1′‐diethyl‐2,2′‐cyanine iodide present in low concentration (≤0.05 µM) can be recorded by employing certain silver sols in the absence of any chloride and without highly aggregated particles. The sols have been prepared by reduction of silver nitrate with hydrazine hydrate in a special procedure at a carefully established pH. In the presence of chloride, the maximum SER(R)S signal observed for a ca. 0.5 µM solution of Nile Blue A is of similar magnitude employing either a silver sol according to Lee and Meisel or our sol C, which contains nearly exclusively single silver particles with diameters of about 50 nm. Without added chloride, however, only our sol produces SER(R)S spectra with similar intensity as with chloride. Because the influence of chloride and coagulation on the intensity of the SER(R)S‐signal can be controlled by varying the additives to our silver sol, further experiments of this kind can help to elucidate how these two parameters influence the magnitude of the SERS enhancement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen bonding in benzenesulfonic and 4‐toluenesulfonic acids dissolved in N,N′‐dimethylformamide: an FT‐Raman study
Authors: Alía Jose M. , Edwards Howell G. M. , Kiernan Breda M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractSolutions of benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) and monohydrated 4‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in dimethylformamide (DMF) were studied by FT‐Raman spectroscopy in the concentration range 1.0–5.0 mol dm−3. Spectra in the region of the acid S—OH and benzenesulfonate anion SO3− stretching bands were analysed using band‐fitting procedures in order to ascertain the degree of acid dissociation. In BSA solutions, this parameter changes from 0.34 (1.02 M solution) to 0.11 (5.01 M solution) despite the strong character of the acid. Interaction of DMF with undissociated BSA produces a new band in the ν(C′—N—C′) Raman spectral region near 866 cm−1, displaced −11.0 cm−1 and assigned to DMF molecules hydrogen‐bonded to BSA. In PTSA solutions, hydrogen bonds are formed with the oxonium ion (H3O+) dissociated from the acid. In this case, the displacement observed is only −7.0 cm−1, indicating a weaker interaction. From the concentration of hydrogen‐bonded DMF, the mean number of hydrogen‐bonds participating in bonding with each solvent molecule can be calculated. This number changes, in BSA solutions, from ca. 0.5 in the less concentrated solutions up to ca. 1.0 in the most concentrated. This result supports the conclusion that BSA–DMF complexes of fixed stoichiometry are not present in the range of concentrations studied here. On the contrary, the oxonium ions form a stable complex of stoichiometry (DMF)2·H3O+ which does not change with the acid concentration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Raman spectrum of thiourea–oxocarbon adducts
Authors: Lopes José Guilherme S. , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C. , Edwards Howell G. M. , Santos Paulo S. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe thiourea/squarate/tetraethylammonium adduct and the thiourea/croconate adduct were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The former had been previously investigated by X‐ray crystallography which revealed an extended network built from squarate and thiourea, connected by hydrogen bonding. The assignment of the vibrational modes in the thiourea/squarate adduct was facilitated by the preparation of the species containing deuterated thiourea. The vibrational shifts observed in the spectrum of the adducts indicate that the involved hydrogen bonds are only of moderate strength. In addition, the well‐known Jahn–Teller pattern present in the Raman spectrum of oxocarbon anions is also observed to a great extent in the spectra of their thiourea adducts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo fluorescence excitation spectroscopy and in vivo Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy in human skin: evidence of H2O2 oxidation of epidermal albumin in patients with vitiligo
Authors: Rokos Hartmut , Moore Jeremy , Hasse Sybille , Gillbro Johanna M. , Wood John M. , Schallreuter Karin U 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBoth fluorescence excitation spectroscopy and Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy have been utilised to study in vivo H2O2‐mediated oxidative stress in the depigmented epidermis of untreated patients with vitiligo by following the oxidation of disulfide bridges in human epidermal albumin and the fluorescence maxima of the tryptophan residue in position 214 of this protein. In normal healthy skin, the single tryptophan in albumin fluoresces with a λmax at 295 nm which is in agreement with high concentrations (10−3 M) of this protein. Fluorescence analysis of the depigmented epidermis of untreated patients with vitiligo revealed three distinct patient groups: (a) one with a peak at a λmax of 280 nm (b) one with λmax in the range 300–305 nm and (c) one with three peaks with excitation maxima in the region of a λmax of 280, 290 and 300 nm. The peak at a λmax of 280 nm was in agreement with low albumin concentrations. Epidermal H2O2 concentrations in the mM range, as previously documented in untreated vitiligo, were followed with in vivo FT‐Raman spectroscopy using the O—O stretch at 875 cm−1. Here, we were able to assign the SO2 stretch at 1040 cm−1 to cysteic acid, which was the expected peroxidation product of the disulfide bridges in albumin. Using human albumin we confirmed the oxidation of disulfide bridges as well as the concentration dependent fluorescence excitation maxima for Trp214 in this protein. The removal of epidermal H2O2 from the patients skin with a pseudocatalase (PC‐KUS) yielded the loss of the O—O stretch at 875 cm−1 together with the loss of the SO2 stretch at 1040 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum and a shift of the λmax from 300–305 nm to 290/280 nm was observed in the fluorescence analysis. These new in vivo results add more evidence to the central role for H2O2‐mediated oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of vitiligo. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the palette of a precious 16th century illuminated Turkish manuscript by Raman microscopy
Authors: Jurado‐López Alicia , Demko Ornela , Clark Robin J. H. , Jacobs David 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAn in situ analysis of the richly decorated Turkish 16th century manuscript called Hürev Ü Sirin was performed by Raman microscopy and the following twelve pigments identified on the illuminations: lapis lazuli, red lead, carbon black, vermilion, indigo, orpiment, realgar, pararealgar, lead white, azurite, malachite and, indirectly, gold. Several mixtures of these pigments were also found to have been used, e.g. indigo and orpiment for green. The study reveals the wide palette used, notably the extensive use of valuable pigments such as lapis lazuli and gold. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of light, oxygen and concentration on vitamin A1
Authors: Failloux Nelly , Bonnet Isabelle , Perrier Eric , Baron Marie‐Hélène 
Published: February 2004

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the effects of UV light and oxygen on vitamin A1 (all‐trans retinol) in an oily solvent. The retinol concentrations tested were those used in cosmetics. UVA light transformed this retinoid into several derivatives in a few hours. UVA light was more destructive than UVB. A UVA filter protected the active principle and confirmed the damage was due to UVA light. Aeration also accelerated retinol photodegradation, while an antioxidant limited the number of photoproducts detected. Thus retinol photodamage is amplified by oxygen. Raman measurements allow ‘in situ’ observation and identification of these complex processes. The changes in retinol, retinal and anhydrovitamin A concentrations were quantified directly. Retinol was converted to an electrocyclized retinoid (1606 cm−1) and a deconjugated oxidized species (1629.5 cm−1). Little anhydrovitamin A was formed and enough accumulated for the formation of carotene‐like species (1527 cm−1). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra of Cd2As2O7
Authors: Baran Enrique J. , Weil Matthias 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe infrared and Raman spectra of Cd2As2O7, belonging to the thortveitite structural type, were recorded and are discussed on the basis of a factor group analysis and by comparisons with related compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lattice vibrations and thermal conductance of Li2O(B2O3)3 crystals
Authors: Xia H. R. , Dong S. M. , Lu Q. M. , Ma C. Q. , Liu W. L. , Li L. X. , Yang Z. H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLi2O·3B2O3 or Li2O(B2O3)3 (LOBO) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with cell parameters a = 0.73788(6), b = 0.84473(7) and c = 0.51395(5) nm and two formula units in the primitive cell. Raman results show that the characteristic spectra of LOBO are mainly contributed by particularly the B(3)—O tetrahedra and also the B(1)—O and B(2)—O triangles and partly ascribed to the breathing vibrations of the B—O rings. The structural rigidity of LOBO is associated with all B—O bond stretching and bending of especially the B(3)—O bonds. The excellent non‐linear optical properties of LOBO are mainly attributed to the more anionic groups in the primitive cell and their deviations from the Td or D3h symmetry. The short ultraviolet absorption edge is mainly attributable to the tilt of the B—O rings. The lattice thermal vibrations show that the anisotropically thermal conductivity is outstanding especially along the c direction. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman microscopy of selected chromate minerals
Authors: Frost Ray L. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA series of related chromate‐bearing minerals including crocoite, phoenicocroite, hemihedrite, iranite, macquartite, fornacite and vauquelinite were analysed by Raman microscopy. These minerals are closely related and often have related paragenesis. Raman microscopy allows the selection of individual crystals of these minerals for Raman spectroscopic analysis. This is of importance as often the crystals are found adjacent to each other in the same matrix through paragenetic relationships. The Raman spectrum of crocoite shows three bands in the CrO stretching region at 856, 841 and 825 cm−1, phoenicocroite at 856, 848, 839 and 826 cm−1, hemihedrite at 847, 837 and 824 cm−1, iranite at 865, 846 and 818 cm−1 and macquartite at 857, 840 and 814 cm−1. The Raman spectra of fornacite and vauquelinite are complicated by the presence or AsO4 and PO4 units in the structure and often the spectra are broad and vary with chemical composition. A comparison of the spectra of these minerals is made with that of the hexavalent chromate mineral edoylerite. Raman microscopy is a powerful and underutilized technique in terms of mineralogy for the study of closely related minerals such as these chromate minerals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal behavior in Pr(HCOO)3 crystals
Authors: Moura M. R. , Ayala A. P. , Mendes Filho J. , Guedes I. , Paschoal C. W. A. , Leyva A. G. , Polla G. , Vega D. , de Perazzo P. K. , Lanza H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis paper reports a thermal and spectroscopic study of Pr(HCOO)3 crystal in the range 300–10 K. Room temperature Raman phonons are assigned based on group theory analysis and correlations with other rare earth formates. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements show that there is a slight anomaly in the behavior of the heat capacity at around 140 K. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra were recorded and the changes observed are discussed. These results suggest that Pr(HCOO)3 undergoes a second‐order phase transformation at temperatures lower than 140 K. Based on the group‐to‐subgroup relations, we propose a possible low‐temperature structure and discuss the driving mechanism of the phase transformation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ laser‐induced formation of α‐Fe2O3 from Fe3+ ions in a cylindrical core‐shell polymer brush
Authors: León C. Pérez , Kador L. , Zhang M. , Müller A. H. E. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of a cylindrical core‐shell polymer brush containing Fe3+ ions was measured in a confocal spectrometer equipped with an He–Ne laser. During irradiation, the polymer matrix decomposed, and carbonaceous compounds containing sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon were formed. Simultaneously, the strong and narrow Raman lines of crystalline α‐Fe2O3 (hematite) began to show up in the spectrum. After prolonged irradiation, the carbon signals decreased, whereas the hematite peaks remained strong. Similar experiments with the same polymer containing Cu2+ ions resulted only in very weak formation of cupric oxide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenine adsorption on and release from meteorite specimens assessed by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: El Amri Chahrazade , Baron Marie‐Hélène , Maurel Marie‐Christine 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe trapping of organic molecules in minerals is considered to be an initial step in the genesis of life. We have previously explored the adsorption of adenine and RNA on clay. We have now used surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to characterize adenine adsorption on and release from specimens of two meteorites, the Zagami Martian meteorite and the Murchison meteorite. Powdered meteoritic material was incubated with very dilute adenine solutions. An adenine SER response of the resulting supernatant weaker than that of the initial solution indicated that adenine was bound to the meteorite. A SER signal with the pellet meant that adenine that was initially adsorbed on it was transferred to the silver colloid SER probe. Adenine adsorption on and release from the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite and the mineral Zagami meteorite depended on the composition of the meteorites. Adenine was much more strongly bound to the Murchison meteorite, which contains bioorganic matter, than to the purely mineral Zagami meteorite. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient ischemic attack after electromotive drug administration for chronic non‐infectious cystitis: Report of two similar cases
Authors: Hinkel Andreas , Pannek Jürgen 
Published: February 2004

AbstractElectromotive drug administration (EMDA) is a new and promising approach for the treatment of chronic non‐infectious cystitis. In animal studies utilizing EMDA there was evidence for deep penetration of dyes into the muscular layers of the bladder wall. However, besides minor local irritation no systemic side effects have been reported after translation of EMDA into the clinical setting.AimsThis article reports for the first time systemic neurological alterations after EMDA for chronic non‐infectious cystitis.Subjects and MethodsTwo male patients, aged 72 and 78 years, respectively, were readmitted to the emergency room within few hours after EMDA showing clinical signs of transient ischemic attacks (TIA). After clinical examination, both patients were observed.ResultsUnder overnight observation without any specific therapy the symptoms vanished completely in both patients.ConclusionsIn older patients (>70 years of age) undergoing EMDA, cardiac and neurologic function should be monitored. The time of treatment during the first EMDA session should be limited to 15 or 20 min. Neurourol. Urodynam. 23:180–182, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nerve induced responses and force–velocity relations of regenerated detrusor muscle after subtotal cystectomy in the rat
Authors: Frederiksen Hans , Arner Anders , Malmquist Ulf , Scott Rolf Sjuve , Uvelius Bengt 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAimsTo study the pharmacological and mechanical properties of newly developed detrusor muscle after subtotal cystectomy, to explore if the regenerated detrusor has characteristics similar to the normal bladder base, from which it regenerated, or to the normal bladder body which it replaces.MethodsPartial cystectomy was performed in female rats. Fifteen weeks later, detrusor strips were cut from supratrigonal and equatorial segments. Unoperated rats served as controls. Responses to field stimulation were obtained in the absence and presence of scopolamine, prazosin, and P2X1 blockade. Dose–response curves were obtained for carbachol, α,β‐methylene‐ATP, and phenylephrine. Force–velocity data were obtained on maximally activated chemically skinned preparations.ResultsMaximal contractile response to field stimulation was 60% of that to high‐K+ with no difference between strips from control and cystectomy bladders. Prazosin had no effect. Scopolamine decreased maximal response of supratrigonal strips to 62 ± 6 (controls) and 61 ± 4% (operated) of that without blocker. For equatorial strips the decrease was to 81 ± 5 (controls) and 58 ± 8% (operated). Frequency–response relations were obtained during blockade with scopolamine, α,β‐methylene‐ATP, and prazosin. Supratrigonal strips showed a pronounced additional inhibition up to 40 Hz. Equatorial strips from controls were completely inhibited at all frequencies. Equatorial strips from operated bladders were inhibited up to 20 Hz but not at 40 and 60 Hz. Carbachol EC50 values were similar in all groups. Maximum response to phenylephrine was 10–20% of high‐K+ response. Maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) was similar in control supratrigonal and equatorial strips, but was significantly lower in the operated bladders.Conclusions(1): A regional difference exists in pharmacological properties of control detrusor, with a considerable contractile response to stimulation remaining in the supratrigonal muscle after simultaneous cholinergic, adrenergic, and purinergic blockade. (2): The new detrusor was functionally well innervated with no supersensitivity to muscarinic stimulation. (3): The newly formed bladder body had pharmacological properties specific for the supratrigonal segment from which it had developed. (4): There was no regional difference in force–velocity characteristics of the control detrusor. (5): The lowered Vmax in the newly formed bladder might thus be related to growth and regeneration of muscle cells. Neurourol. Urodynam. 23:159–165, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reliability and validity of King's Health Questionnaire in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder with urge incontinence in Japan
Authors: Uemura Shinichi , Homma Yukio 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) with urge incontinence.MethodsData from a 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial comparing tolterodine with oxybutynin in patients with symptoms of OAB in Japan were analyzed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as a reliability index. Inter‐domain correlation was calculated for convergent and discriminant validity assessment. A factor analysis was conducted to explore the underlying factor structure of the KHQ. Sensitivity to clinical change was also evaluated.ResultsThe psychometric properties and clinical validity of the KHQ Japanese version were confirmed in this study population, and were similar between males and females. The KHQ's good reliability was evidenced by Cronbach's alpha coefficients of >0.60, indicating reasonable consistency except for the personal relationship domain in males (0.47) and severity (coping) measure domain in females (0.59). Discriminant, convergent, and construct validity of the KHQ were also good, with the factor analysis identifying those factors which the KHQ was intended to measure. Finally, KHQ domains were generally responsive to clinical efficacy variables; the KHQ also showed statistically significant sensitivity to change in patients' perception of bladder condition in all domains, except General Health Perception.ConclusionsOur analyses confirm psychometric properties and clinical validity of the KHQ Japanese version, which appears to offer a valid and reliable HRQoL instrument for use in clinical trials of antimuscarinics in Japan. Neurourol. Urodynam. 23:94–100, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A model of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency in the rat: Electrocauterization
Authors: Chermansky Christopher J. , Cannon Tracy W. , Torimoto Kazumasa , Fraser Matthew O. , Yoshimura Naoki , de Groat William C. , Chancellor Michael B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAimsIntrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD) denotes a malfunction of the distal urethral sphincter. Our objective was to produce a durable model of ISD in the rat.MethodsSurrounding tissues lateral to the mid‐urethra were cauterized to produce sphincteric injury in 24 adult female Sprague–Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups of six rats each and followed for 2, 4, 6, and 16 weeks. Sphincteric function was studied by using the vertical tilt table/intravesical pressure clamp model to measure leak point pressures (LPPs). Muscle and nerve damage were assessed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and anti‐protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 staining, respectively. As a control, 12 rats underwent a sham operation and subsequent LPP testing at 2, 4, 6, and 16 weeks.ResultsThe mean LPPs of the rats 2, 4, 6, and 16 weeks after cauterization were 18.7 ± 0.8 cm H2O, 27.6 ± 1.6 cm H2O, 24.3 ± 1.7 cm H2O, and 19.1 ± 2.2 cm H2O, respectively. The mean LPPs of the rats 2, 4, 6, and 16 weeks after the sham operation were 49.8 ± 1.3 cm H2O, 51.2 ± 1.5 cm H2O, 51.6 ± 2.0 cm H2O, and 49.7 ± 0.6 cm H2O, respectively. When compared to time‐matched control groups, the decreased LPPs in each cauterized group were significantly lower (P < 0.001). Histological analysis showed muscle damage and fewer nerves in all cauterized groups.ConclusionsCauterization of tissues lateral to the mid‐urethra decreased LPP without affecting bladder function. This electrocauterization model produced low LPPs that, after 2 weeks, were maintained for up to 16 weeks. Histology suggests that damage to striated muscle and nerves might have contributed to the change in LPP in this model for ISD. Neurourol. Urodynam. 23:166–171, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.