bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new family of genetic algorithms for wavelength interval selection in multivariate analytical spectroscopy
Authors: Goicoechea Héctor C. , Olivieri Alejandro C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA new procedure is presented for wavelength interval selection with a genetic algorithm in order to improve the predictive ability of partial least squares multivariate calibration. It involves separately labelling each of the selected sensor ranges with an appropriate inclusion ranking. The new approach intends to alleviate overfitting without the need of preparing an independent monitoring sample set. A theoretical example is worked out in order to compare the performance of the new approach with previous implementations of genetic algorithms. Two experimental data sets are also studied: target parameters are the concentration of glucuronic acid in complex mixtures studied by Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy and the octane number in gasolines monitored by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic determination of the dimension of PCA calibration models using F‐statistics
Authors: Vogt F. , Mizaikoff B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractOwing to experimental measurement errors, determination of the proper dimension of calibration models is difficult. Cross‐validation is a common approach for this purpose; however, if data evaluation is based on PCA only without consideration of sample concentrations, this computationally expensive method cannot be applied. In this study a statistical method for determining the proper dimension of PCA calibration models is presented from the viewpoint of multivariate regression analysis considering only measured data. For this iterative algorithm, individual principal components are included stepwise in a reduced model, which is subsequently tested against the full model including all principal components. This algorithm can be individually applied for optimized data evaluation to every measured data vector such as an optical spectrum of chemical analyte. This comparison is performed by an F‐test comparing estimates of residual variance of a measurement spectrum determined from the reduced and the full model. This approach determines a lack of fit due to insufficient principal components. If no lack of fit is evident for a certain reduced model, it is considered that a sufficiently large model has been found and inclusion of additional principal components is stopped. Hence the resulting reduced calibration model includes only statistically significant principal components (PCs) and determines the minimum number of required PCs for a given measurement spectrum. The proposed algorithm is initially investigated using simulated data and subsequently applied to three different experimental sets of spectra. It is shown that for synthetic data at reasonable noise levels the correct number of principal components can be determined in most cases. The experimental examples demonstrate that the number of principal components determined by the proposed algorithm is slightly larger than a user would select manually by subjective visual inspection. As one result, the algorithm is able to detect small but significant spectroscopic features of experimental data which would otherwise be neglected. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of prenatal tactile and vestibular stimulation on auditory and visual responsiveness in bobwhite quail: A matter of timing
Authors: Honeycutt Hunter , Lickliter Robert 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe fact that the sensory systems do not become functional at the same time during prenatal development raises the question of how experience in a given modality can influence functioning in other sensory modalities. The present study exposed groups of bobwhite quail embryos to augmented tactile and vestibular stimulation at times that either coincided with or followed the period of onset of function in the later‐developing auditory and visual modalities. Differences in the timing of augmented prenatal stimulation led to different patterns of subsequent auditory and visual responsiveness following hatching. No effect on normal visual responsiveness to species‐typical maternal cues was found when exposure to tactile and vestibular stimulation coincided with the emergence of visual function (Days 14–19), but when exposure took place after the onset of visual functioning (Days 17–22), chicks displayed enhanced responsiveness to the same maternal visual cues. When augmented tactile and vestibular stimulation coincided with the onset of auditory function (Days 9–14), embryos subsequently failed to learn a species‐typical maternal call prior to hatching. However, when given exposure to the same type and amount of augmented stimulation following the onset of auditory function (Days 14–19), embryos did learn the maternal call. These findings demonstrate that augmented stimulation to earlier‐emerging sensory modalities can either facilitate or interfere with perceptual responsiveness in later‐developing modalities, depending on when that stimulation takes place. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 71–81, 2003.
Ultrasonic call characteristics of rat pups are altered following prenatal malnutrition
Authors: Tonkiss John , Bonnie Kristin E. , Hudson Jamie L. , Shultz Penny L. , Duran Pilar , Galler Janina R. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe male offspring of rats provided with a protein deficient diet (6% casein) for 5 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy were subjected to a brief period of isolation and cooling at postnatal Days (P)7, 9, and 11, and their ultrasonic vocalizations were compared with those of well‐nourished pups. Calls were categorized into 12 different types based upon their sonographic patterns. Although call rates were equal, the call characteristics of the prenatally malnourished pups differed significantly from those of well‐nourished controls. At P7, their mean peak sound frequency (irrespective of call type) was significantly higher, and constant frequency calls were of both higher frequency and longer duration. Over the age range studied, prenatally malnourished pups emitted a smaller variety of calls, with significantly fewer ascending frequency vocalizations while producing either significantly fewer (P9) or greater (P11) descending frequency calls. Altered crying patterns have been related to brain damage in human babies, with more abnormal cries being associated with more severe neurological impairment. Therefore, the present results most likely reflect altered central nervous system development and function. Ultrasonic vocalization characteristics in rat pups may provide a useful early marker of the severity of disturbance to the development of the central nervous system following an insult, and offer the potential for predicting the degree of functional and behavioral deficits later in life. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 90–101, 2003.
Testosterone, puberty, and the pattern of male aggression in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Romeo Russell D. , Schulz Kalynn M. , Nelson Aaron L. , Menard Tami A. , Sisk Cheryl L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe interaction between testosterone and pubertal development on aggression in the male Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) was examined in two experiments. First, gonad‐intact prepubertal and adult male hamsters were tested for aggression using the resident–intruder paradigm with an age‐ and weight‐matched intruder. Prepubertal males engaged in a greater number of attacks and had longer attack durations than adults. In the second experiment, prepubertal and adult males were castrated and treated with either a 0‐, 2.5‐, or 5‐mg pellet of testosterone, and their aggression was assessed using the resident–intruder paradigm. Prepubertal males again showed shorter attack latencies and greater attack durations compared to adult males across all levels of testosterone. Testosterone treatment did not significantly affect these behaviors before or after pubertal development. We conclude that (a) pubertal development is associated with a decline in aggression in the male Syrian hamster, and (b) a developmental shift in behavioral sensitivity or responsiveness to testosterone does not underlie the pubertal decrease in aggression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 102–108, 2003.
Direct and indirect effects of breast milk on the neurobehavioral and cognitive development of premature infants
Authors: Feldman Ruth , Eidelman Arthur I. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractEighty‐six premature infants were tested to examine the effects of maternal breast milk on infant development. Infants were classified by breast‐milk consumption during the hospitalization period (M = 57.4 days) into three groups: those receiving minimal (<25% of nutrition), intermediate (25–75%), and substantial (>75%) amounts of breast milk. Infants in the three groups were matched for birth weight, gestational age (GA), medical risk, and family demographics. At 37 weeks GA, mother–infant interaction was videotaped, maternal depression self‐reported, and neurobehavioral maturation assessed by the Neonatal Behavior Assessment Seale (Brazelton, 1973). At 6 months corrected age, infants were tested with the Bayley II (Bayley, 1993). Infants receiving substantial amounts of breast milk showed better neurobehavioral profiles—in particular, motor maturity and range of state. These infants also were more alert during social interactions, and their mothers provided more affectionate touch. Higher maternal depression scores were associated with lower quantities of breast milk, longer latencies to the first breast‐milk feeding, reduced maternal affectionate touch, and lower infant cognitive skills. Maternal affectionate touch moderated the relations between breast milk and cognitive development, with infants receiving a substantial amount of breast milk and frequent touch scoring the highest. In addition to its nutritional value, breast milk may be related to improved maternal mood and interactive behaviors, thereby indirectly contributing to development in premature infants. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 109–119, 2003.
Development of neural processes mediating rhyme judgments: Phonological and orthographic interactions
Authors: Weber‐Fox Christine , Spencer Rebecca , Cuadrado Elizabeth , Smith Anne 
Published: August 2003

AbstractDevelopment of neural processes underlying integration of phonological and orthographic information were assessed by measuring event‐related brain potentials (ERPs), judgment accuracies and reaction times (RTs) in 20 children (9–10 years) and 20 adults performing visual rhyme judgments. Half the trials were phonologically and orthographically congruent across the prime‐target pairs (e.g., thrown–own, cake–own), and half were incongruent (e.g., gown–own, cone–own). For both children and adults, behavioral performance was most affected when different phonological representations had to be encoded from similar orthographic representations (e.g., gown–own), and the amplitudes of the N350 reflected effects of both rhyme and phonological/orthographic congruency. Latencies of the N350 were shorter over the left hemisphere only in adults, and phonological/orthographic incongruence produced greater delays in children's processing. Therefore, it appears that neural systems mediating rhyming judgments develop early; however, adults exhibit increased efficiency for left‐hemisphere processing and are less affected by interference from incongruent phonological and orthographic codes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 128–145, 2003.
The N400 in beginning readers
Authors: Coch Donna , Holcomb Phillip J. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn an event‐related potentials study of brain–behavior relations during learning‐to‐read, girls in first grade viewed known words, unknown words, difficult words, and nonwords presented in list form. Participants were divided into low‐ability and high‐ability reading groups based on standardized test scores. During the 300‐ to 600‐ms epoch, low‐ability readers lacked a substantial N400 while high‐ability readers evidenced a large, widely distributed negativity to all word types. During the 600‐ to 1,000‐ms epoch, high‐ability readers showed effects of repetition while low‐ability readers did not. The findings indicate a less selective neurocognitive word‐processing system in children as compared to adults and suggest that the N400 may serve as an oblique index of the automaticity of lower level processing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 146–166, 2003.
BBVA‐ARIES: a forecasting and simulation model for EMU
Authors: Ballabriga Fernando C. , Castillo Sonsoles 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the BBVA‐ARIES, a Bayesian vector autoregression (BVAR) for the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). In addition to providing EMU‐wide growth and inflation forecasts, the model provides an assessment of the interactions between key EMU macroeconomic variables and external ones, such as world GDP or commodity prices. A comparison of the forecasts generated by the model and those of private analysts and public institutions reveals a very positive balance in favour of the model. For their part, the simulations allow us to assess the potential macroeconomic effects of macroeconomic developments in the EMU. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On seasonal error correction when the processes include different numbers of unit roots
Authors: Lyhagen Johan , Löf Mårten 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe propose a seasonal cointegration model (SECM) for quarterly data which includes variables with different numbers of unit roots and thus needs to be transformed in different ways in order to yield stationarity. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to investigate the consequences of specifying a SECM with all variables in annual diffrerences in this situation. The SECM in annual differences is compared to the correctly specified model. Pre‐testing for unit roots using two different approaches, and where the models are specified according to the unit root test results, is also considered. The forecast mean squared error criterion and certain parameter estimation results indicate that, in practice, a cointegration model where all variables are transformed with the annual difference filter is more robust than one obtained by pre‐testing for a smaller number of unit roots. The second‐best choice when the true model is not known and when the aim is to forecast, is an ordinary VAR model also in annual differences. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting new product trial in a controlled test market environment
Authors: Fader Peter S. , Hardie Bruce G. S. , Zeithammer Robert 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA number of researchers have developed models that use test market data to generate forecasts of a new product's performance. However, most of these models have ignored the effects of marketing covariates. In this paper we examine what impact these covariates have on a model's forecasting performance and explore whether their presence enables us to reduce the length of the model calibration period (i.e. shorten the duration of the test market). We develop from first principles a set of models that enable us to systematically explore the impact of various model ‘components’ on forecasting performance. Furthermore, we also explore the impact of the length of the test market on forecasting performance. We find that it is critically important to capture consumer heterogeneity, and that the inclusion of covariate effects can improve forecast accuracy, especially for models calibrated on fewer than 20 weeks of data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antigen‐specific immunotherapy and cancer vaccines
Authors: Jäger Elke , Jäger Dirk , Knuth Alexander 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe specific activation of the immune system to control cancer growth in vivo has been a long‐standing goal in cancer immunology and medical oncology. The identification of tumor‐associated antigens has provided the basis for new concepts in antigen‐specific immunotherapy. The first clinical trials on cancer vaccines were designed to evaluate the toxicity and objectively measurable immunologic effects in relation to clinical developments mostly in patients with metastatic disease. MHC class I‐ and II‐restricted peptide epitopes, antigenic proteins, viral constructs, mini‐genes and whole tumor cells have been used either alone or combined with different cytokines (i.e., IL‐2, IL‐12, GM‐CSF), adjuvants (incomplete Freund's adjuvant, montanide, QS21) or with dendritic cells to induce specific immune responses in vivo. Standardized assay systems to evaluate the immunologic effects of cancer vaccines have been established. Clinical developments during and after vaccination were followed in relation to vaccine‐induced immune responses. Prognostic tumor features, i.e., homogeneity of tumor antigen and MHC class I/II expression and intratumoral cellular infiltrates, have been identified that may help to select patients who are more likely to benefit from antigen‐specific cancer vaccines in the future. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental radioimmunotherapy of small peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin
Authors: Koppe Manuel J. , Soede Annemieke C. , Pels Wikke , Oyen Wim J.G. , Goldenberg David M. , Bleichrodt Robert P. , Boerman Otto C. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractRadioimmunotherapy using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against tumor‐associated antigens might be an effective treatment modality for small volume disease. Our aim was to optimize an experimental model of radioimmunotherapy for small peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin using the anti‐CEA MoAb MN‐14. In nude mice with intraperitoneal (i.p.) LS174T tumors, a protein dose‐escalation study was carried out to determine the maximal dose of radioiodinated MN‐14 to be used in radioimmunotherapy. The biodistribution of radioiodinated MN‐14 was determined after intravenous (i.v.) and i.p. administration. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of escalating activity doses of 131I‐labeled MN‐14 (62.5–500 μCi) was assessed and compared to that of unlabeled MN‐14 or 500 μCi of 131I‐labeled irrelevant control antibody. At protein doses higher than 25 μg, uptake in tumor was reduced, presumably due to saturation of tumor antigen. During the first 24 hours i.p. administration led to higher tumor uptake and higher tumor:blood ratios than i.v. administration. Median survival of the control groups was 38 days (unlabeled MN‐14) and 52 days (131I‐labeled nonspecific antibody). Median survival of the groups treated with increasing activity doses of 131I‐labeled MN‐14 was 42 days (62.5 μCi), 49 days (125 μCi), 63 days (250 μCi) and 101 days (500 μCi), respectively (p < 0.0001 compared to unlabeled MN‐14). The present study shows that the anti‐CEA‐antibody MN‐14 preferentially accumulates in i.p. LS174T tumor xenografts after both i.p. and i.v. administration. Intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy using 131I‐labeled MN‐14 delays significantly the outgrowth of peritoneal LS174T metastases, even at relatively low activity doses. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent allelic changes at chromosome 7q34 but lack of mutation of the BRAF in papillary renal cell tumors
Authors: Nagy Anett , Balint Ildiko , Kovacs Gyula 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe have analyzed the BRAF locus on chromosome 7q34 with microsatellites for allelic changes and exons 11 and 15 of the BRAF with sequencing for mutations in 50 kidney cancers including 20 papillary, 15 conventional and 15 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Allelic changes at the BRAF locus were seen in 16 of the 20 papillary, 3 of the 15 conventional RCCs and 2 of the 15 chromophobe RCCs. Sequencing failed to disclose mutations in exons 11 and 15 of the BRAF gene in any of the tumors. Our data indicate that BRAF mutation does not play a role in the development of renal cell tumors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer by histologic type
Authors: Newcomer Laura M. , Newcomb Polly A. , Trentham‐Dietz Amy , Longnecker Matthew P. , Greenberg E. Robert 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe examined the association between oral contraceptive use and risk of specific breast cancer histopathologies in a large, multi‐center, population‐based, case‐control study. Women younger than age 75 with a new diagnosis of invasive breast cancer were identified from 4 statewide tumor registries. We compared women with lobular (n = 493) and ductal carcinoma (n = 5,510) to randomly selected controls (n = 9,311). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each histologic type were estimated using polytomous logistic regression, adjusted for other breast cancer risk factors. Current oral contraceptive use was associated with increased risk of lobular carcinoma (OR = 2.6, 95%CI = 1.0–7.1) and there was a significant trend (p = 0.017) of increased risk with more recent use. Oral contraceptive use was not clearly associated with ductal carcinoma (OR = 1.2, 95%CI = 0.8–1.9). These results suggest that the association between oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer may vary by histologic type. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of p53 in specific anti‐neuroectodermal tumor activity of aloe‐emodin
Authors: Pecere Teresa , Sarinella Federica , Salata Cristiano , Gatto Barbara , Bet Alessandra , Dalla Vecchia Francesca , Diaspro Alberto , Carli Modesto , Palumbo Manlio , Palù Giorgio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPreviously, we have identified aloe‐emodin (AE) as a new type of anticancer agent, with activity that is based on apoptotic cell death promoted by a neuroectodermal tumor‐specific drug uptake. We attempt to clarify the intracellular target of AE and the apoptosis‐signaling pathway activated by AE in neuroblastoma cell lines. Two‐photon excitation microscopy and spectroscopic titrations documented that AE is highly concentrated in susceptible cells and binds to DNA. One of the most important mediators of apoptotic response to genotoxic stimuli, such as anticancer agents, is the p53 tumor suppressor gene. To evaluate the role played by p53 in AE‐induced apoptosis a p53 mutant cell line, which lacks transcriptional activity of p53 targeted genes, was tested. AE displayed a reduced growth inhibitory and pro‐apoptotic activity in p53 mutant cells (SK‐N‐BE(2c)) with respect to the p53 wild‐type line (SJ‐N‐KP). This effect was not caused by a reduced drug uptake in the mutant neuroblastoma cell line but was related to a different apoptotic cell phenotype. Whereas SJ‐N‐KP cells were susceptible to a p53 transcription‐dependent pathway of apoptosis, SK‐N‐BE(2c) cells underwent apoptosis with up‐regulation of p53 expression but not of p53‐target genes. After AE treatment p53 translocates to the mitochondria inter‐membrane space in both neuroblastoma cell lines. Due to its high accumulation in neuroectodermal tumor cells AE could also kill tumor cells harboring p53 mutant genes. This property would further contribute to AE specific anti‐tumor activity and might be exploitable in the clinic. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.