bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we need standardized management after termination-of-resuscitation attempts? Autoresuscitation in a 67-year-old woman
Authors: Pasierski Janina , Kleger Gian-Reto , Imboden Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Autoresuscitation is the phenomenon of spontaneous return of circulation after cessation of CPR, also known as the Lazarus phenomenon. Most of the evidence is based on case reports and a few systematic reviews. The occurrence of autoresuscitation may lead to self-reproach and dismay in affected emergency personnel and may rise questions about the correct procedure after terminating resuscitative efforts. In contrast to existing cardiac arrest guidelines there is no standardized approach to terminating resuscitative attempts.

Case
We report a case of out of hospital autoresuscitation in a 67-year-old female after 60 min of advanced cardiac life support. After shock refractory shockable rhythm, we recorded pulseless electrical activity and fixed pupils, consequently resuscitation was terminated. About 50 min later the patient surprisingly showed signs of life. Due to the suggestive history a coronary angiography was performed, showing severe coronary heart disease which necessitated surgical intervention. After ACBP surgery and intensive care followed by treatment on the cardiological ward, she was finally discharged to neurological rehabilitation.

Conclusion
As already proposed by existing literature, there should be at least a 10-min interval of close monitoring after abandoning CPR. Transport of a deceased patient should only take place after secure signs of death can be detected. Further investigation is needed to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from an extended observation period. Our case reports highlights the difficulties in death declaration and the importance of close monitoring after abandoning CPR.
Human parechovirus meningitis in children: state of the art
Authors: Bozzola Elena , Barni Sarah , Barone Chiara , Perno Carlo Federico , Maggioni Andrea , Villani Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman Parechovirus is a common cause of infection occurring especially during the first years of life. It may present with a broad spectrum of manifestations, ranging from a pauci-symptomatic infection to a sepsis-like or central nervous system disease. Aim of this study is to explore the knowledge on Parechovirus meningitis. According to the purpose of the study, a systematic review of the literature focusing on reports on central nervous system. Parechovirus infection of children was performed following PRISMA criteria. Out of the search, 304 papers were identified and 81 records were included in the revision dealing with epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, imaging, therapy and outcome. Parechovirus meningitis incidence may vary all over the world and outbreaks may occur. Fever is the most common symptom, followed by other non-specific signs and symptoms including irritability, poor feeding, skin rash or seizures. Although several reports describe favourable short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes at discharge after Parechovirus central nervous system infection, a specific follow up and the awareness on the risk of sequelae should be underlined in relation to the reported negative outcome. Evidence seems to suggest a correlation between magnetic imaging resonance alteration and a poor outcome.
How I manage differential gas exchange in peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Asija Richa , Fried Justin A. , Siddall Eric C. , Mullin Dana A. , Agerstrand Cara L. , Brodie Daniel , Sonett Joshua R. , Lemaitre Philippe H. , Abrams Darryl 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDual circulation is a common but underrecognized physiological occurrence associated with peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Competitive flow will develop between blood ejected from the heart and blood travelling retrograde within the aorta from the ECMO reinfusion cannula. The intersection of these two competitive flows is referred to as the “mixing point”. The location of this mixing point, which depends upon the relative strengths of the native and extracorporeal pumps, will determine which regions of the body are perfused with blood ejected from the left ventricle and which regions are perfused by reinfused blood from the ECMO circuit, effectively establishing dual circulations. Because gas exchange within these circulations is dictated by the native lungs and membrane lung, respectively, oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal may differ between regions—depending on how well gas exchange is preserved within each circulation—potentially leading to differential oxygenation or differential carbon dioxide, each of which may have important clinical implications. In this perspective, we address the identification and management of dual circulation and differential gas exchange through various clinical scenarios of venoarterial ECMO. Recognition of dual circulation, proper monitoring for differential gas exchange, and understanding the various strategies to resolve differential oxygenation and carbon dioxide may allow for more optimal patient management and improved clinical outcomes.
Pumping the brakes on RNA velocity by understanding and interpreting RNA velocity estimates
Authors: Zheng Shijie C. , Stein-O’Brien Genevieve , Boukas Leandros , Goff Loyal A. , Hansen Kasper D. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
RNA velocity analysis of single cells offers the potential to predict temporal dynamics from gene expression. In many systems, RNA velocity has been observed to produce a vector field that qualitatively reflects known features of the system. However, the limitations of RNA velocity estimates are still not well understood.

Results
We analyze the impact of different steps in the RNA velocity workflow on direction and speed. We consider both high-dimensional velocity estimates and low-dimensional velocity vector fields mapped onto an embedding. We conclude the transition probability method for mapping velocity estimates onto an embedding is effectively interpolating in the embedding space. Our findings reveal a significant dependence of the RNA velocity workflow on smoothing via the k-nearest-neighbors (k-NN) graph of the observed data. This reliance results in considerable estimation errors for both direction and speed in both high- and low-dimensional settings when the k-NN graph fails to accurately represent the true data structure; this is an unknown feature of real data. RNA velocity performs poorly at estimating speed in both low- and high-dimensional spaces, except in very low noise settings. We introduce a novel quality measure that can identify when RNA velocity should not be used.

Conclusions
Our findings emphasize the importance of choices in the RNA velocity workflow and highlight critical limitations of data analysis. We advise against over-interpreting expression dynamics using RNA velocity, particularly in terms of speed. Finally, we emphasize that the use of RNA velocity in assessing the correctness of a low-dimensional embedding is circular.
Y-mediated optimization of 3DG-PbO2 anode for electrochemical degradation of PFOS
Authors: Duan Xiaoyue , Ning Ziqi , Wang Weiyi , Li Yitong , Zhao Xuesong , Liu Liyue , Li Wenqian , Chang Limin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn our previous study, the three-dimensional graphene-modified PbO2 (3DG-PbO2) anode was prepared for the effective degradation of perfluorooctanesulfonat (PFOS) by the electrochemical oxidation process. However, the mineralization efficiency of PFOS at the 3DG-PbO2 anode still needs to be further improved due to the recalcitrance of PFOS. Thus, in this study, the yttrium (Y) was doped into the 3DG-PbO2 film to further improve the electrochemical activity of the PbO2 anode. To optimize the doping amount of Y, three Y and 3DG codoped PbO2 anodes were fabricated with different Y3+ concentrations of 5, 15, and 30 mM in the electroplating solution, which were named Y/3DG-PbO2-5, Y/3DG-PbO2-15 and Y/3DG-PbO2-30, respectively. The results of morphological, structural, and electrochemical characterization revealed that doping Y into the 3DG-PbO2 anode further refined the β-PbO2 crystals, increased the oxygen evolution overpotential and active sites, and reduced the electron transfer resistance, resulting in a superior electrocatalytic activity. Among all the prepared anodes, the Y/3DG-PbO2-15 anode exhibited the best activity for electrochemical oxidation of PFOS. After 120 min of electrolysis, the TOC removal efficiency was 80.89% with Y/3DG-PbO2-15 anode, greatly higher than 69.13% with 3DG-PbO2 anode. In addition, the effect of operating parameters on PFOS removal was analyzed by response surface, and the obtained optimum values of current density, initial PFOS concentration, pH, and Na2SO4 concentration were 50 mA/cm2, 12.21 mg/L, 5.39, and 0.01 M, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the PFOS removal efficiency reached up to 97.16% after 40 min of electrolysis. The results of the present study confirmed that the Y/3DG-PbO2 was a promising anode for electrocatalytic oxidation of persistent organic pollutants.
A novel transcriptional repressor specifically regulates xylanase gene 1 in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Xu Wenqiang , Ren Yajing , Xia Yuxiao , Liu Lin , Meng Xiangfeng , Chen Guanjun , Zhang Weixin , Liu Weifeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The well-known industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei has an excellent capability of secreting a large amount of cellulases and xylanases. The induced expression of cellulase and xylanase genes is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level. However, compared to the intensive studies on the intricate regulatory mechanism of cellulase genes, efforts to understand how xylanase genes are regulated are relatively limited, which impedes the further improvement of xylanase production by T. reesei via rational strain engineering.

Results
To identify transcription factors involved in regulating xylanase gene expression in T. reesei, yeast one-hybrid screen was performed based on the promoters of two major extracellular xylanase genes xyn1 and xyn2. A putative transcription factor named XTR1 showing significant binding capability to the xyn1 promoter but not that of xyn2, was successfully isolated. Deletion of xtr1 significantly increased the transcriptional level of xyn1, but only exerted a minor promoting effect on that of xyn2. The xylanase activity was increased by ~ 50% with XTR1 elimination but the cellulase activity was hardly affected. Subcellular localization analysis of XTR1 fused to a green fluorescence protein demonstrated that XTR1 is a nuclear protein. Further analyses revealed the precise binding site of XTR1 and nucleotides critical for the binding within the xyn1 promoter. Moreover, competitive EMSAs indicated that XTR1 competes with the essential transactivator XYR1 for binding to the xyn1 promoter.

Conclusions
XTR1 represents a new transcriptional repressor specific for controlling xylanase gene expression. Isolation and functional characterization of this new factor not only contribute to further understanding the stringent regulatory network of xylanase genes, but also provide important clues for boosting xylanase biosynthesis in T. reesei.
Cysteine facilitates the lignocellulolytic response of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 by indirectly up-regulating membrane sugar transporters
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Tuo , Zhu Han , Zhou Yihao , Shen Qirong , Liu Dongyang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Filamentous fungi possess a rich CAZymes system, which is widely studied and applied in the bio-conversion of plant biomass to alcohol chemicals. Carbon source acquisition is the fundamental driver for CAZymes-producing sustainability and secondary metabolism, therefore, a deeper insight into the regulatory network of sugar transport in filamentous fungi has become urgent.

Results
This study reports an important linkage of sulfur assimilation to lignocellulose response of filamentous fungus. Inorganic sulfur addition facilitated biodegradation of rice straw by Trichodermaguizhouense NJAU4742. Cysteine and glutathione were revealed as major intracellular metabolites responsive to sulfur addition by metabolomics, cysteine content was increased in this process and glutathione increased correspondingly. Two membrane sugar transporter genes, Tgmst1 and Tgmst2, were identified as the critical response genes significantly up-regulated when intracellular cysteine increased. Tgmst1 and Tgmst2 were both positively regulated by the glucose regulation-related protein (GRP), up-regulation of both Tgmst1 and Tggrp can cause a significant increase in intracellular glucose. The transcriptional regulatory function of GRP mainly relied on GSH-induced glutathionylation, and the transcription activating efficiency was positively related to the glutathionylation level, furthermore, DTT-induced deglutathionylation resulted in the down-regulation of downstream genes.

Conclusions
Inorganic sulfur addition induces a rise in intracellular Cys content, and the conversion of cysteine to glutathione caused the increase of glutathionylation level of GRP, which in turn up-regulated Tgmst1 and Tgmst2. Subsequently, the sugar transport efficiency of single cells was improved, which facilitated the maintenance of vigorous CAZymes metabolism and the straw-to-biomass conversion.
Nascent transcription upon interferon-α2 stimulation on human and rhesus macaque lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Ramirez Daniel , B. Chuong Edward , D. Dowell Robin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The interferon-triggered innate immune response has been observed to be under strong diversifying selection to counteract the many pathogens hosts have to defend against. In particular, rewiring of gene transcription regulation allows organisms to rapidly acquire new phenotypes by removing and adding genes into the innate immune gene network. Dissecting the molecular processes by which this rewiring takes place, either by changing the DNA regulatory elements or by changing the activity of the regulators across species, is key to better understand this evolutionary process.

Data description
To better comprehend the evolutionary dynamics that have occurred in the initial transcriptional response to interferon in primates, we present Precision Run-On (PRO-seq) datasets made after 1 h of interferon-α2 stimulation on human and rhesus macaque lymphoblastoid cell lines. Further, we tested the difference between using either species’ cognate interferon versus using the other orthologous interferon to account for any potential impacts in the interaction of the orthologous interferons with their cellular membrane receptors. This data provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms that drive species-specific responses to environmental perturbations, such as the one driven by the interactions of pathogens and their hosts.
Social contact patterns among employees in U.S. long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, December 2020 to June 2021
Authors: Zissette Seth , Kiti Moses C. , Bennett Brady W. , Liu Carol Y. , Nelson Kristin N. , Zelaya Alana , Kellogg Joseph T. , Johnson II Theodore M. , Clayton Pam , Fridkin Scott K. , Omer Saad B. , Lopman Benjamin A. , Adams Carly 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
We measured contact patterns using social contact diaries for 157 U.S. long-term care facility employees from December 2020 - June 2021. These data are crucial for analyzing mathematical transmission models and for informing healthcare setting infection control policy.

Results
The median number of daily contacts was 10 (IQR 8–11). Household contacts were more likely partially masked than fully masked, more likely to involve physical contact, and longer in duration compared to facility contacts.
Limiting life-sustaining treatment for very old ICU patients: cultural challenges and diverse practices
Authors: Beil Michael , van Heerden Peter Vernon , Joynt Gavin M. , Lapinsky Stephen , Flaatten Hans , Guidet Bertrand , de Lange Dylan , Leaver Susannah , Jung Christian , Forte Daniel Neves , Bin Du , Elhadi Muhammed , Szczeklik Wojciech , Sviri Sigal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Decisions about life-sustaining therapy (LST) in the intensive care unit (ICU) depend on predictions of survival as well as the expected functional capacity and self-perceived quality of life after discharge, especially in very old patients. However, prognostication for individual patients in this cohort is hampered by substantial uncertainty which can lead to a large variability of opinions and, eventually, decisions about LST. Moreover, decision-making processes are often embedded in a framework of ethical and legal recommendations which may vary between countries resulting in divergent management strategies.

Methods
Based on a vignette scenario of a multi-morbid 87-year-old patient, this article illustrates the spectrum of opinions about LST among intensivsts with a special interest in very old patients, from ten countries/regions, representing diverse cultures and healthcare systems.

Results
This survey of expert opinions and national recommendations demonstrates shared principles in the management of very old ICU patients. Some guidelines also acknowledge cultural differences between population groups. Although consensus with families should be sought, shared decision-making is not formally required or practised in all countries.

Conclusions
This article shows similarities and differences in the decision-making for LST in very old ICU patients and recommends strategies to deal with prognostic uncertainty. Conflicts should be anticipated in situations where stakeholders have different cultural beliefs. There is a need for more collaborative research and training in this field.
Low m6A modification-mediated upregulation of PLAC8 promotes trophoblast cell invasion and migration in preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Yajuan , Guo Xiaoguang , Chen Zhimin , Guo Ruixia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The main symptoms of preeclampsia (PE), a specific ailment that develops during pregnancy, are proteinuria and hypertension. The pathological root of the onset and progression of PE is widely regarded as abnormal placental trophoblast cell function. This study aimed to look into the character and mechanism of Placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) in trophoblast cell invasion and migration.

Methods
Expressions of PLAC8 and AlkB homologue 5 (ALKBH5) were examined by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. The m6A level of PLAC8 mRNA was detected by methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation. Using Transwell experiments, cell invasion and migration were examined. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to analyze the MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion levels. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation were conducted to detect the binding between ALKBH5 and PLAC8.

Results
In PE tissue and hypoxia-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells, levels of ALKBH5 and PLAC8 were increased, and PLAC8 m6A methylation levels were decreased. There was a positive correlation between PLAC8 and ALKBH5 expression in clinical tissues. In addition, overexpressing PLAC8 promoted HTR-8/SVneo cell migration and invasion, and so as the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9; while interference with PLAC8 reduced the migration and invasion of hypoxia-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells, and so as the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, the PLAC8 mRNA’s m6A modification site was GAACU (Position 1449, Site 2). Increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells exposed to hypoxia, were all facilitated by the m6A Site2 mutation. Furthermore, ALKBH5 could bind to PLAC8, reduce its m6A modification, and promote its expression.

Conclusion
High-expressed ALKBH5 inhibits the m6A level of PLAC8 mRNA and promotes PLAC8 expression, while PLAC8 overexpression can promote hypoxia-induced invasion and migration of HTR-8/Svneo cells, indicating its potential protective function in PE.
The prognostic role of γδ T cells in colorectal cancer based on nomogram
Authors: Ma Rulan , Gong Meijun , Sun Tuanhe , Su Lin , Li Kang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to explore the prognostic role of γδ T cells in colorectal cancer, and establish a nomogram for predicting the survival of the patients.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the infiltration degree of γδ T cells in tumor and normal tissues of colorectal cancer. The relationship between γδ T cells infiltration in tumor tissues and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer were determined by Cox regression analysis and survival analysis. R software was used to establish and verify a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Results
The degree of γδ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues and normal tissues of CRC was not different (t = 0.35, P = 0.73). However, the infiltration of γδ T cell was related to the survival status of the patients (x2 = 4.88, P = 0.03). Besides, the infiltrating degree of γδ T cells in tumor tissue was obviously related to the prognostic improvement of the patients with colorectal cancer (log-rank P = 0.02) and could reflect the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. The nomogram based on tumor diameter, tumor location, AJCC stage, chemotherapy, serum CEA level and γδ T cell infiltration was established and could provide a reference for predicting the survival of colorectal cancer patients.

Conclusion
γδ T cell infiltration degree in tumor tissue was an important factor to improve the outcome of patients with colorectal cancer, and can predict the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Departmental conditions for professional learning of instructors in vocational and professional education
Authors: Hoekstra Annemarieke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
For vocational and professional education to remain relevant, instructors need to keep developing themselves and their practices. Much of instructor learning happens on-the-job. Drawing on literature on teacher learning in the workplace, this article explores how structural and cultural conditions shape professional learning of instructors in departments for post-secondary vocational and professional education in western Canada.

Methods
A multiple case study approach was used to explore how instructors perceive departmental conditions as enhancing or inhibiting professional learning. Interview data, meeting observations, and program documentation was collected from 27 instructors from 5 departments in three institutes for post-secondary vocational and professional education. The educational programming in the five departments cover four industry sectors: two healthcare departments, one building trades, one business, and one social services department.

Results
Structural conditions reported to facilitate instructor professional learning at the department level include student feedback, job-rotation, coordinating work-placements, and whether participation in continuing professional development is a licensing requirement of the profession. Heavy workload and the way teaching is scheduled are most often reported as conditions inhibiting learning. Considering cultural conditions, three in-depth case descriptions illustrate how instructors draw on beliefs and practices prevalent in their original trade/profession when shaping their departmental culture as a learning environment.

Conclusions
The concept of sense-making proved useful to describe how instructors draw on elements of the occupational culture taught in the program when shaping their workplace as a learning environment. This influence of occupational culture could help explain previously observed differences in how instructors from various industry sectors engage in professional learning. Organizational support is warranted for facilitating organizational conditions for instructor learning including the development of departmental leaders’ capacity to influence workplace conditions for professional learning.