bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode Transition Induced by Gas Heating Along the Discharge Channel in Capacitively Coupled Atmospheric Pressure Micro Plasma Jets
Authors: Schulenberg David A. , Vass Máté , Klich Maximilian , Donkó Zoltán , Klotz Jeldrik , Bibinov Nikita , Mussenbrock Thomas , Schulze Julian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe effects of neutral gas heating along the direction of the gas flow inside the discharge channel of a parallel plate micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet, the COST-jet, on the spatio-temporal dynamics of energetic electrons are investigated by experiments and simulations. The plasma source is driven by a single frequency sinusoidal voltage waveform at 13.56 MHz in helium with an admixture (0.05–0.2%) of nitrogen. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements are applied to determine the spatio-temporally resolved electron impact excitation dynamics from the ground state into the He I (3s)$$^3$$

3

S$$_1$$

1

state and the rotational temperature of nitrogen molecules at different positions along the direction of the gas flow inside the 30 mm long discharge channel. The gas temperature, which is assumed to be equal to the N$$_2$$

2

rotational temperature, is found to increase along the discharge channel. This effect is attenuated as the nitrogen concentration is increased in the gas mixture, leading to an eventually constant temperature profile. The experimental data also reveal a plasma operating mode transition along the discharge channel from the $$\Omega$$
Ω
- to the Penning-mode and show good agreement with the results of 1d3v kinetic simulations, which spatially resolve the inter-electrode space and use the gas temperature as an input value. The simulations demonstrate that the increase of the gas temperature leads to the observed mode transition. The results suggest the possibility of using the nitrogen admixture and the feed gas temperature as additional control parameters, (i) to tailor the plasma operating mode along the direction of the gas flow so that the production of specific radicals is optimized; and (ii) to control the final gas temperature of the effluent. The latter could be particularly interesting for biological applications, where the upper gas temperature limit is dictated by the rather low thermal damage threshold of the treated material.
Negative Downstream Effects of Alarmist Disinformation Discourse: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Jungherr Andreas , Rauchfleisch Adrian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe threat of disinformation features strongly in public discourse, but scientific findings remain conflicted about disinformation effects and reach. Accordingly, indiscriminate warnings about disinformation risk overestimating its effects and associated dangers. Balanced accounts that document the presence of digital disinformation while accounting for empirically established limits offer a promising alternative. In a preregistered experiment, U.S. respondents were exposed to two treatments designed to resemble typical journalistic contributions discussing disinformation. The treatment emphasizing the dangers of disinformation indiscriminately (T1) raised the perceived dangers of disinformation among recipients. The balanced treatment (T2) lowered the perceived threat level. T1, but not T2, had negative downstream effects, increasing respondent support for heavily restrictive regulation of speech in digital communication environments. Overall, we see a positive correlation among all respondents between the perceived threat of disinformation to societies and dissatisfaction with the current state of democracy.
Jesus was a Refugee: Religious Values Framing can Increase Support for Refugees Among White Evangelical Republicans
Authors: DeMora Stephanie L. , Merolla Jennifer L. , Newman Brian , Zechmeister Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider how frames highlighting religious values shape opinion among individuals who may experience social identity conflict. White evangelical Republicans have ardently supported Donald Trump’s restrictionist stances towards refugees, yet those partisan policy stances exist in tension with evangelical Christian values emphasizing care for vulnerable strangers. Our pre-registered national experiment tests whether a religious message can move white self-identified evangelical Republicans’ opinions relating to refugees. The pro-refugee Christian values message increases favorable attitudes on some, but not all, measures. The effect is comparatively stronger among those who are more committed to their evangelical identity; unexpectedly, those who identify as strong Republicans are not more resistant to the message. These results demonstrate that moral reframing, which is known to shape attitudes in other domains, can affect self-identified evangelical Republicans’ attitudes on refugees, potentially shifting the national discussion of refugees in the U.S. The finding is all the more significant given highly partisan debates over refugees during the Trump presidency, which may have made partisans’ opinions especially rigid at the time of our experiment. Our results also speak to the relevance of identity strength in conditioning the impact of religious values frames.
Identifying the Impact of Social Capital on Quality of Urban Life (Evidence from Iran)
Authors: Amerian Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study we investigated the relationship between social capital (SC) and quality of urban life (QoUL). In fact, by using the concept of SC, we examined accuracy of the causal relationship among the three dimensions of the QoUL (objective, subjective and behavioral). The 22 district of Tehran was our case study. This district officially ran in 2000. The main tool for data collection was questionnaire and its constructs were directly extracted from the literature review. According to Cochran formula a total 384 questionnaire were distributed among participants. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed in SPSS 21 as well as Smart PLS 3. The approach of structural equations modeling (SEM) was employed to confirm or decline our hypotheses. Findings of this study show that SC was positively associated with all three dimensions of QoUL. Also, the high objective QoUL in our sample has created a high subjective QoUL. However, the SQoUL did not lead to high behavioral QoUL. We believe that the low level of SC in the area has led to such a result.
Performative updates and the modeling of speech acts
Authors: Krifka Manfred 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a way to model performative speech acts within a framework of dynamic semantics. It introduces a distinction between performative and informative updates, where informative updates filter out indices of context sets (cf. Stalnaker, Cole (ed), Pragmatics, Academic Press, 1978), whereas performative updates change their indices (cf. Szabolcsi, Kiefer (ed), Hungarian linguistics, John Benjamins, 1982). The notion of index change is investigated in detail, identifying implementations by a function or by a relation. Declarations like the meeting is (hereby) adjourned are purely performative updates that just enforce an index change on a context set. Assertions like the meeting is (already) adjourned are analyzed as combinations of a performative update that introduces a guarantee of the speaker for the truth of the proposition, and an informative update that restricts the context set so that this proposition is true. The first update is the illocutionary act characteristic for assertions; the second is the primary perlocutionary act, and is up for negotiations with the addressee. Several other speech acts will be discussed, in particular commissives, directives, exclamatives, optatives, and definitions, which are all performative, and differ from related assertions. The paper concludes a discussion of locutionary acts, which are modelled as index changers as well, and proposes a novel analysis for the performative marker hereby.
Deep convolutional neural networks are not mechanistic explanations of object recognition
Authors: Grujičić Bojana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGiven the extent of using deep convolutional neural networks to model the mechanism of object recognition, it becomes important to analyse the evidence of their similarity and the explanatory potential of these models. I focus on one frequent method of their comparison—representational similarity analysis, and I argue, first, that it underdetermines these models as how-actually mechanistic explanations. This happens because different similarity measures in this framework pick out different mechanisms across DCNNs and the brain in order to correspond them, and there is no arbitration between them in terms of relevance for object recognition. Second, the reason similarity measures are underdetermining to a large degree stems from the highly idealised nature of these models, which undermines their status as how-possibly mechanistic explanatory models of object recognition as well. Thus, building models with more theoretical consideration and choosing relevant similarity measures may bring us closer to the goal of mechanistic explanation.
Phenylethanoid glycosides accumulation and antiradical activity of fractionated extracts of Plantago ovata Forssk. callus cultures lines
Authors: Budzianowska Anna , Kikowska Małgorzata , Budzianowski Jaromir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The main phenylethanoid glycosides in the Plantago genus are acteoside (verbascoside) and plantamajoside, compounds with broad biological effects. This is a report on Plantago ovata callus induction, proliferation and establishment as well as the content of those phenylethanoids in that cell biomass. In the experimental studies, callus initiated from various seedling explants (roots, hypocotyls and leaves) was cultured on MS (Murashige-Skoog) media augmented with 2,4-D (2,4-dichloroacetic acid) and KIN (kinetin) or NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). Callus proliferating on MS without NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) supplemented with 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l) and KIN (0.5 mg/l or 1.0 mg/l) turned out to be a good growth system for biomass production—mean increase of fresh weigh calculated on three following passages was 9.1 ± 1.8. The phytochemical analyses and antiradical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) tests revealed that the antioxidant activity is due to the presence of phenylethanoid glycosides. The quantitative screening of the callus extract by TLC (thin-layer chromatography) video densitometric method showed the highest content of acteoside (9.58 ± 0.75 mg/g dry weight) in root-derived and plantamajoside (8.15 ± 0.81 mg/g d.w.) in hypocotyl-derived callus biomass. In in vitro redifferentiated cultures of P. ovata, compounds with a demonstrated therapeutic effect, can be obtained in a manner that is completely independent of cultivation or harvesting from the wild.

Graphical abstract
Effect of ambient lead on progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 and their relationship with abortion in Zaraibi goats: a field study
Authors: Mosaad Abrar F. , El-Nakhla Sayed M. , Abd El-Rasoul Ferial H. , Shehabeldin Ahmed M. , Ali Atef A. , Morsy Gamal M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of ambient lead (Pb) exposure on progesterone (P4) and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (PAG1) and their relationship with abortion in Egyptian Zaraibi goats (C. hircus). To achieve this, 40 female goats (does) were mated with highly fertile male goats, resulting in a total of 28 pregnant goats. Eight of them aborted, and each of the 12 pregnant goats gave birth to one kid, whereas the remaining eight gave birth to twins. The levels of PAG1, P4, and Pb in serum were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) respectively. Statistically, the repeated measure two-way ANOVA, regression analysis, correlation coefficient, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied. The current data demonstrated that the levels of blood Pb in aborted goats were significantly higher than those in non-aborted goats at the early, mid, and late gestations, and this was followed by significant decreases in serum PAG1 and P4. Furthermore, there were substantial inverse associations between blood Pb concentration and levels of PAG1 and P4, with markedly negative correlation coefficients of − 0.88 and − 0.77, respectively, in aborted goats. The threshold level of Pb required to cause abortion was ≥ 32.08 μg/dl, but for PAG1 and P4 were respectively ≤ 0.95 ng/ml and ≤ 0.48 ng/ml. Additionally, threshold levels of ≥ 12.34 ng/ml and ≥ 31.52 ng/ml for P4 and PAG1, respectively, were needed to deliver twins. In conclusion, pollution-induced increases in Pb bioavailability resulted in dramatic decreases in P4 and PAG1 levels, leading to abortions. PAG1 and P4 levels are also key factors in determining whether Zaraibi goats will give birth to twins.
S$$^{2}$$P$$^{3}$$: Self-Supervised Polarimetric Pose Prediction
Authors: Ruhkamp Patrick , Gao Daoyi , Navab Nassir , Busam Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes the first self-supervised 6D object pose prediction from multimodal RGB + polarimetric images. The novel training paradigm comprises (1) a physical model to extract geometric information of polarized light, (2) a teacher–student knowledge distillation scheme and (3) a self-supervised loss formulation through differentiable rendering and an invertible physical constraint. Both networks leverage the physical properties of polarized light to learn robust geometric representations by encoding shape priors and polarization characteristics derived from our physical model. Geometric pseudo-labels from the teacher support the student network without the need for annotated real data. Dense appearance and geometric information of objects are obtained through a differentiable renderer with the predicted pose for self-supervised direct coupling. The student network additionally features our proposed invertible formulation of the physical shape priors that enables end-to-end self-supervised training through physical constraints of derived polarization characteristics compared against polarimetric input images. We specifically focus on photometrically challenging objects with texture-less or reflective surfaces and transparent materials for which the most prominent performance gain is reported.
The Fight for Global Health Justice: The Advocacy of International Humanitarian and Development NGOs During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Noh Jae-Eun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe increasing health inequity and injustice of the COVID-19 pandemic rendered visible the inadequacy of global health governance, and exposed the self-interested decision-making of states and pharmaceutical companies. This research explores the advocacy activities of humanitarian and development international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) in responding to this inequality and investigates how they framed alternatives for global health justice. It reviews 47 organizational documents and 43 media articles of five INGOs (ActionAid, Médecins Sans Frontières, Oxfam, Save the Children, and World Vision) and points to the importance of understanding advocacy frames in analyzing how these organizations prioritize agendas and advocacy strategies. The dominance of the ‘human rights’ frame, sometimes in combination with ‘scientific evidence’ and ‘security’ frames, reflects the identities, mandates, and histories of campaigning and collaboration of these INGOs. This paper contends that the advocacy of humanitarian and development INGOs highlights both deontological and teleological ethics, promoting the voices of people in lower-income countries, clarifying duty bearers and their accountabilities, and addressing structural barriers from a human rights perspective in a global health agenda setting.
Effects of Nano-zero-valent Iron and Earthworms on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microecology in Cadmium-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Tang Bincheng , Zi Yufen , Liu Chang’e , Yue Minhui , Zhang Yue , Zhang Weilan , Chen Jinquan , Duan Changqun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe capacity of nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) and soil animals to remediate heavy metal–contaminated soil has been widely studied. However, the synergistic effect of soil animals and nZVI has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we studied the combined effect of earthworms and nZVI on soil physicochemical properties and microecology during remediation of cadmium (Cd)–contaminated soil. The results showed that although amendment with nZVI reduced earthworm survival and biomass, the combination of nZVI and earthworms was effective at reducing the available Cd (ACd) content of soil and improving its quality. ACd most effectively reduced by 75.3% in the presence of earthworms under the 0.25% nZVI combination. Meanwhile, the combined action of earthworms and nZVI significantly improved soil properties and increased the diversity of soil microorganisms. In the earthworm-free system, nZVI reduced ACd by increasing soil pH and the abundance of Stenotrophobacter in Cd-contaminated soil, in addition to the co-precipitation and adsorption reported in previous studies. Correlation analysis revealed that the combination of nZVI and earthworms synergistically decreased ACd by decreasing soil OM and increasing the relative abundance of Opitutus and Gemmatta. Overall, our study indicates that the combination of nano-zero-valent iron and earthworms is a potential system for in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soils and provides a deep understanding of the mechanisms involved in remediation.
Depression wetland formation by redox-driven iron and silica cycling
Authors: Ellery Steven , Ellery William , Tsikos Harilaos , Dunlevey John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the origin and geomorphic evolution of Shadow Vlei, a depression wetland located approximately 30 km northwest of Gqeberha, South Africa. The wetland is on sandstone on the African Erosion Surface. The depression wetland has a rim of high-lying ground surrounding a central depression. Fluctuations between wet and dry periods create both highly reducing conditions in soils during wet phases in the depression, and highly oxidising conditions in the depression margin. Under reducing conditions, iron(III) oxides that are insoluble, are reduced to soluble iron(II), which is transported to and trapped in the margins of the depression under oxidising conditions when the water table declines and iron(II) is oxidised to iron(III). There is also a moderate flux of silica from the surface in the centre of the depression to the margins, which is suggested to be associated with maximum alkalinity associated with iron(III) reduction, and decreased alkalinity in the margins associated with iron(II) oxidation. However, the main flux of silica is from the surface in the centre of the depression to depth of greater than 1.5 m, again associated with variations in pH linked to iron-cycling. These reactions have thus caused a net volume loss in the centre of the depression, causing sagging, and a net volume gain at the margins of the depression, causing swelling. Wetland formation associated with alteration of landform morphology as a consequence of alternating redox conditions represents a novel mechanism that has not yet been described.
Bacterial community changes in the presence of AMF in the context of maize with low phosphorus content
Authors: Meraz-Mercado Marco Antonio , Olalde-Portugal Victor , Ramírez-Flores M. Rosario , Martínez Octavio , Meraz Jiménez Antonio de Jesús , Torres González Jorge Alejandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform an ancestral and essential association with plant roots, where plants provide carbohydrates and lipids, and the fungi respond by translocating water and nutrients to the roots through the hyphae. There is a need to investigate the microbial community associated with the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants in response to the multiple benefits (e.g., improved nutrition and stress resistance) provided by the association. In this work, we analyzed the bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere of plants and their response to mycorrhizae in low P conditions.

Methods
For this purpose, inoculated and non-inoculated B73 corn plants were grown with a consortium of mycorrhizal fungi under low phosphorus conditions. Mycorrhiza response in B73 and the interaction with rhizosphere microbiome were characterized by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.

Results
Inoculated plants showed increased greater growth in leaf and root parameters in low P conditions. Bacterial microbiome showed changes in beta diversity and some OUTs significantly regulated by AMF presence.

Conclusion
These data confirm the importance of mycorrhizae in phosphorus stress and rhizosphere community changes as a possible mechanism to improve plant growth.
The Association Between Urbanization and Electrocardiogram Abnormalities in China: a Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mi Jiarun , Han Xueyan , Cao Man , Pan Zhaoyang , Guo Jian , Huang Dengmin , Sun Wei , Liu Yuanli , Xue Tao , Guan Tianjia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe health effects of urbanization are controversial. The association between urbanization and reversible subclinical risks of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities) has rarely been studied. This study aimed to assess the association between urbanization and ECG abnormalities in China based on the China National Stroke Screening Survey (CNSSS). We used changes in the satellite-measured impervious surfaces rate and nighttime light data to assess the level of urbanization. Every interquartile increment in the impervious surfaces rate or nighttime light was related to a decreased risk of ECG abnormalities, with odds ratios of 0.894 (95% CI, 0.869–0.920) or 0.809 (95% CI, 0.772–0.847), respectively. And we observed a U-shaped nonlinear exposure–response relationship curve between the impervious surfaces rate and ECG abnormalities. In conclusion, the current average level of urbanization among the studied Chinese adults remains a beneficial factor for reducing cardiovascular risks.
Nachweise für berufliche Qualifikationen oder doch nur ein Motivationssignal? Zur Wirkung non-formaler Weiterbildungszertifikate in der Personalauswahl
Authors: Schimke Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, ob Nachweise non-formaler Weiterbildungskurse zum Erfolg in Bewerbungssituationen beitragen und damit den Hinweisen zu beruflichen Aufstiegsperspektiven in der nationalen Weiterbildungsstrategie und den subjektiv-individuellen Nutzenerwartungen der Teilnehmenden gerecht werden. Hierbei wird erstmals systematisch untersucht, ob nichtmonetäre Erträge lebenslangen Lernens auf die in Kursen erworbenen Fertigkeiten zurückgeführt werden können oder auf bislang unbeobachtete Heterogenität hinsichtlich motivationaler Faktoren. Die Untersuchung basiert auf Experimentaldaten einer Vignettenstudie, die mit Rekrutierenden aus 15 Berufen durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Nachweise non-formaler Weiterbildung die Erfolgschance in Einstellungsverfahren erhöht. Dabei ist dieser Einfluss zu einem größeren Teil durch berufliche Qualifikationssignale erklärbar und geht zu geringeren Anteilen auf motivationale Einflüsse zurück. Außerdem kann gezeigt werden, dass der Weiterbildungsertrag in Abhängigkeit des Berufs variiert. Je größer das qualifikatorische Anforderungsniveau der Tätigkeit, desto wichtiger sind die Nachweise für die Personalauswahl. Entlang dieses Gradienten sind auch die anteiligen Einflüsse verteilt. Weiterbildungsnachweise signalisieren bei hohem formalem Qualifikationsniveau verstärkt berufliche Fertigkeiten und weniger stark Motivation.