bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Views of Capua and the ager Campanus
Authors: Krostenko Brian A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers readings of the last arguments of the speeches, which treat Rullus’ plan to resettle Capua and the ager Campanus. Both speeches use those places to explore propriety (honestum) and utility (utile), respectively—but in reverse order and differently accented. The popular treatment of the ager Campanus raises issues of insufficiency and exclusion; its treatment of Capua, drawing on the physical space of Rome, converts an argument about propriety into an argument about utility. The senate treatment of the ager Campanus, echoing old poetic forms, converts an argument about utility into an argument about propriety; its treatment of Capua honestum with the shared intellectual and religious culture of the senate. The chapter closes with remarks on late Republican oratorical culture. Inasmuch as Cicero defends his idealistic visions with false polarities and distortions, he paradoxically replicates the very political problems that his idealisms were meant to overcome.
Praktikos
Authors: Young Robin Darling , Kalvesmaki Joel , Stewart Columba , Stang Charles , Dysinger Luke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Composed of one hundred kephalaia, “chapters” or “headings” meant for rumination, the Praktikos is prefaced by a letter to a “Brother Anatolios,” interpreting the monastic garment as protective armor against the attacks of demons. After a section of five introductory kephalaia, the Praktikos goes into greater detail in subsequent sections to describe the eight thoughts prompted by demons; the passions; instructions; occurrences during sleep; the approach to apatheia, or passionlessness/calm, the symbols of apatheia; practical concepts; and finally, ten “sayings of holy monks.” The entire Greek text is translated, along with the key Syriac version, and supplemented with cross-references to other ancient literature.
The Diary of Gull Mohammad
Authors: Quraishi Humra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This Diary of a young teenaged Kashmiri boy, Gull Mohammad, shows the struggles and challenges he faces, whilst trying to survive in a harsh and heavily surcharged atmosphere. One significant word that kept him going is ‘Sabr’—patience with hope. Gull Mohammad been writing this Diary for just about over a year—from August 2016 till September 2017, to be precise—from (2 August 2016 till 11 September 2017). After he’s shifted from Srinagar to New Delhi, circumstances take him to several other towns and cities. And he describes the people he meets and also the new turns and twists. Destined to be back in Srinagar after a year for a very brief visit he sees the deaths and destruction. His mother and grandparents have died . . . Only his father and twin brother remain alive but in no great shape. Gull Mohammad is devastated and wants to stay back in Srinagar but on his father’s insistence he reaches the safe cum secure ‘Home’ in Kerala’s Calicut . . . It’s here he hears of the death of the Lucknow family he knew and stayed with and was close to . . . Gull Mohammad is over burdened with emotional setbacks and severe shocks.
Shifting from Srinagar
Authors: Quraishi Humra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Gull Mohammad starts writing his diary ever since he was taught how to read and write by his father, Ghulam Mohammad, a shawl seller, but like most Kashmiris of his generation, he was well aware of the changing political climate in and around the Valley. Though he enrols the twins—Gull and Gulzar—in an English-medium school in the Valley’s downtown area, with curfews and hartals, the studies get disrupted. As disasters hit the family in more than one way, with Gulzar’s one eye damaged by pellets fired by the security forces, they are left feeling so insecure about Gull’s safety that they decided to shift him to a madrasa situated in New Delhi. There’s an upheaval in the child’s life. But he’s told to look forward to this shift; after all, he would be moving to the capital city—New Delhi.
Another of Those Traumatic Turns!
Authors: Quraishi Humra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Till the evening when the local Right-Wing goons, together with the cops, barged in, into this home. Gull Mohammad is dragged to the nearest police station. Thrown into a lock up . . . then shifted to a detention centre. Gull Mohammad kept thinking of his Kashmiri schoolmate Bilal Bukhari who was also kept in police detention for stone throwing. But he hadn’t thrown a thing, yet he made to sit in this detention, with humiliation heaped on him. . . . Until an International Child Rights group who had travelled to Lucknow as part of their study tour notices this boy sitting hunched in solitary cell. Much media focus and with that he is released. Those detention days had made him a near wreck. He had begun to stammer . . . pulling his hair, holding his head, as though preventing his skull from breaking into two.
Monopoly on doubt: Post-mortem examinations in Israel, 1950s–1980s
Authors: Nuriely Benny , Kozma Liat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article examines the durability of high post-mortem examination rates in Israel between the 1950s-1980s. Previous studies overlooked the issue of medical authority and the social history of autopsy, focusing on policy, technological development, and conflict between science and religion. By contrast, our analysis brings together the medical interest in unlimited research of dead bodies and the power relations between doctors and subaltern groups in Israel. Based on the Israeli State Archives, the Hebrew University Archives, and the daily press, we argue that medical biopolitical aspirations and the public shaped the history of postmortem examinations in Israel. High rates were embedded in the medical construction of doubt regarding the cause of death that only physicians could resolve by autopsy. Civilian protests led to a temporary decrease in the 1960s, while political and medical intervention brought about a gradual resurgence in post-mortem rates in the 1980s.
LeishIF4E2 is a cap‐binding protein that plays a role in Leishmania cell cycle progression
Authors: Baron Nofar , Purushotham Rajaram , Pullaiahgari Durgeshwar , Bose Priyanka , Zarivach Raz , Shapira Michal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLeishmania encode six paralogs of the cap‐binding protein eIF4E and five eIF4G candidates, forming unique complexes. Two cap‐binding proteins, LeishIF4E1 and LeishIF4E2, do not bind any identified LeishIF4Gs, thus their roles are intriguing. Here, we combine structural prediction, proteomic analysis, and interaction assays to shed light on LeishIF4E2 function. A nonconserved C‐terminal extension was identified through structure prediction and sequence alignment. m7GTP‐binding assays involving both recombinant and transgenic LeishIF4E2 with and without the C‐terminal extension revealed that this extension functions as a regulatory gate, modulating the cap‐binding activity of LeishIF4E2. The interactomes of the two LeishIF4E2 versions were investigated, highlighting the role of the C‐terminal extension in binding to SLBP2. SLBP2 is known to interact with a stem‐loop structure in the 3′ UTRs of histone mRNAs. Consistent with the predicted inhibitory effect of SLBP2 on histone expression in Xenopus laevis, a hemizygous deletion mutant of LeishIF4E2, exhibited an upregulation of several histones. We therefore propose that LeishIF4E2 is involved in histone expression, possibly through its interaction between SLBP2 and LeishIF4E2, thus affecting cell cycle progression. In addition, cell synchronization showed that LeishIF4E2 expression decreased during the S‐phase, when histones are known to be synthesized. Previous studies in T. brucei also highlighted an association between TbEIF4E2 and SLBP2, and further reported on an interaction between TbIF4E2 and S‐phase‐abundant mRNAs. Our results show that overexpression of LeishIF4E2 correlates with upregulation of cell cycle and chromosome maintenance proteins. Along with its effect on histone expression, we propose that LeishIF4E2 is involved in cell cycle progression.
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) induces chondrocyte degeneration via activation of the NF‐κb signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Chaofan , Lin Yiming , Li Hongyan , Hu Hongxin , Chen Yongfa , Huang Ying , Huang Zida , Fang Xinyu , Zhang Wenming , Lin Yunzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is still unclear. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a novel adipokine, has been found to play a role in OA. This study aimed to explore the role of NF‐κB in FABP4‐induced OA. In the in vivo study, four pairs of 12‐week‐old male FABP4 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice were included. The activation of NF‐κB was assessed. In parallel, 24 6‐week‐old male C57/Bl6 mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) and randomly allocated to four groups: daily oral gavage with (1) PBS solution; (2) QNZ (NF‐κB‐specific inhibitor, 1 mg/kg/d); (3) BMS309403 (FABP4‐specific inhibitor, 30 mg/kg/d); and (4) BMS309403 (30 mg/kg/d) + QNZ (1 mg/kg/d). The diet and treatment were sustained for 4 months. The knee joints were obtained to assess cartilage degradation, NF‐κB activation, and subchondral bone sclerosis. In the in vitro study, a mouse chondrogenic cell line (ATDC5) was cultured. FABP4 was supplemented to stimulate chondrocytes, and the activation of NF‐κB was investigated. In parallel, QNZ and NF‐κB‐specific siRNA were used to inhibit NF‐κB. In vivo, the FABP4 WT mice had more significant NF‐κB activation than the KO mice. Dual inhibition of FABP4 and NF‐κB alleviated knee OA in mice. FABP4 has no significant effect on the activation of the JNK signaling pathway. In vitro, FABP4 directly activated NF‐κB in chondrocytes. The use of QNZ and NF‐κB‐siRNA significantly alleviated the expression of catabolic markers of chondrocytes induced by FABP4. FABP4 induces chondrocyte degeneration by activating the NF‐κB pathway.
Modern Concepts in Sagittal Curve Measurement
Authors: Pesenti Sébastien , Prost Solene , Solla Federico , Ilharreborde Brice , Ferrero Emmanuelle , Obeid Ibrahim , Riouallon Guillaume , Laouissat Fethi , Charles Yann Philippe , Blondel Benjamin ,   On behalf of the French Society of Spine Surgery (SFCR)
Published: December 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective multicenter study.

Objective.
Our objective was to compare the spline-based measurement of sagittal spinal curvatures to fixed landmarks in a normative population.

Summary of Background Data.
Recent research has stressed the importance of considering sagittal curvature in its entirety using a spline reconstruction. To date, no data supports the superiority of this method in comparison to classic measurement methods.

Patients and Methods.
Full-spine biplanar radiographs of subjects over 20 years old who had normal radiographs were analyzed. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were measured following two modalities: either using predefined landmarks (TKT1T12, TKT5T12, and LLL1S1) or spline-based measurement (TKSpline and LLspline).

Results.
A total of 1520 subjects were included (mean 54yo). The mean difference between TKspline and TKT1T12 was 1.4° and between TKspline and TKT5T12 was 11.7° (P<0.001). LLspline was significantly larger than LLL1S1 (55° vs. 54°, P<0.001). LLspline and LLL1S1 were correlated (R=0.950, P<0.001). Pelvic incidence had no influence on the difference between LLspline and LLL1S1 (R=−0.034, P=0.184). Using LLL1S1 measurements, LL was underestimated in 17% of the cases. The comparison of outlier distributions according to age groups (P=0.175), sex (P=0.937), or pelvic incidence groups (P=0.662) found no difference. There were significantly more outliers in Roussouly type 1 compared with other types (56%, P<0.001).

Conclusion.
Our results suggest that the use of TKT1T12 and LLL1S1 is acceptable to assess spinal sagittal curvatures. However, TKT5T12 is not accurate for the thoracic curve and should be used with caution. LLL1S1 can be used to accurately assess the lumbar curve, except in Roussouly type 1.
Research progress in the off-target effects of Bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine
Authors: Wu Yanfei , Zhang Xiaoyin , Zhou Li , Lu Jiayu , Zhu Fengcai , Li Jingxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is designed to provide protection against tuberculosis (TB). However, numerous epidemiological, clinical, and immunological studies have shown that BCG vaccination affects neonatal and infant mortality, which may be related to the reduction of TB-unrelated infections and diseases by BCG vaccine. We aimed to discuss the off-target effects of BCG vaccine on un-TB infections and diseases, as well as the potential mechanism and influencing factors. Literature was retrieved mainly from PubMed using medical subject headings "BCG, variations, and non-specific, heterologous or off-target". Studies have showed that BCG vaccination can prevent various heterologous infections, including respiratory tract infections, leprosy, and malaria, treat viral infections including human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infection as immunotherapy, and improve the immune responses as vaccine adjuvant. Besides, BCG vaccine can reduce the recurrence rate of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and may provide protection against autoimmune diseases. These off-target effects of BCG vaccine are thought to be achieved by modulating heterologous lymphocyte responses or inducing trained immunity, which were found to be sex-differentiated and affected by the BCG vaccine strains, sequence or time of vaccination.
Disseminated Infection With a Previously Undescribed Mycoplasma Species From a Cat Bite
Authors: Khan Faisal , Engers Drew , Lieberman Joshua A. , Moudgal Varsha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cat bite wound infections are common, and much is known about their bacteriology, pathogenesis, and management. We report a case of a rare Mycoplasma species from a cat bite causing tenosynovitis and septic arthritis of the hand, as well as distant prosthetic joint infection of the knee. The patient demonstrated poor clinical response to standard and expanded antibiotic regimens. Repeated surgical interventions were necessary until nucleic acid amplification revealed a previously undescribed Mycoplasma species that was effectively treated with the addition of doxycycline.
Exploring the Addition of Simulation-Based Learning Experiences to Prepare Student Physical Therapist Assistants for Inpatient Clinical Experience
Authors: Dunnivan-Mitchell Sharon , Maring Joyce , Curry-Greenwood Kristin 
Published: December 2023

Background and Purpose:
In today's fast-paced health care environment, simulation-based learning experiences (SBLEs) are viewed as an optimal approach to provide health professions students an opportunity for safe and deliberate practice in clinical scenarios with an element of risk. Evidence supporting the benefits of SBLEs in preparation for doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students' initial inpatient clinical experience (CE) has recently become available; however, no literature exists describing the use and effect of simulation in training preprofessional physical therapist assistants (PTAs) for higher acuity clinical environments. The authors aimed to describe the perceived value of SBLEs in preparing PTA students for the first inpatient CE, through multiple perspectives: student perception of readiness for the environment, clinical instructor (CI) perception of student preparation, and student performance ratings within the clinical practicum.

Case Description:
Effect of a newly implemented series of SBLEs was explored with a single cohort of PTA students (n = 14) and their associated CIs (n = 8) at one institution. Quantitative and qualitative data were captured through student and CI surveys, focus groups, and the Physical Therapist Assistant Manual for Assessment of Clinical Skills (PTAMACS).

Outcomes:
Student mean scores on a modified Acute Care Confidence Survey were 88.2%, indicating high levels of perceived preparation. This was further supported by themes in the focus group discussions. CIs reported student readiness for the setting, rating students somewhat prepared (occasional cues/<50% assist) or better, on the CI Questionnaire in 85.6% of survey items. CI focus group themes also generally supported student preparation. All students met the PTAMACS required threshold to pass the CE.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Implementation of the SBLE was practicable and well received by a single cohort of PTA students and their CIs; and, students were successful in their inpatient CE following the experiences. PTA student and CI perceptions were consistent with literature on the benefits of SBLE for DPT students. Further research on SBLE and PTA education in larger cohort studies is warranted.
Sexual Violence in Virtual Reality
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Frerich Ellen A. , Hoffman Sarah , Bauer Sara , Jain Vedushi M. , Bradley Cynthia 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
One in four Americans report experiencing harassment online via social media and interactive gaming, which includes physical threats, stalking, sexual harassment, and sustained harassment.

Objective
The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the state of the science surrounding young adults and sexual violence/harassment harms in virtual reality (VR) as well as possible uses of VR to heal and intervene.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted in early 2023 using the Ovid Synthesis Clinical Evidence Manager and the MEDLINE database. Forty-seven articles met inclusion criteria.

Results
Our review found a growing body of evidence exploring incidents, effects, possible predictors, and initial strategies to prevent sexual violence in VR and to use the modality to positively intervene. Limited research addresses the effects of harms incurred in VR on (re)traumatization of survivors as well as the development and testing of VR tools used to educate, deliver bystander interventions, transform biases and perceptions via embodiment, and promote healing among survivors.

Conclusion
Research addressing sexual violence in VR is needed and should build on the existing peripheral science on gaming and social media environments. Forensic nursing is well positioned to advance strategies of health and safety in VR, just as in the physical world. Incorporating forensic nursing avatars in VR and deploying diverse resources targeted for college-age young adults to prevent harms in VR should be explored safely and ethically. Forensic nurses are also positioned to assess for VR-related harms among patients and to work with private and government sectors to influence regulations and policies.
Differentiation of cancer of unknown primary and lymphoma in head and neck metastatic poorly differentiated cancer using 18F-FDG PET/CT tumor metabolic heterogeneity index
Authors: Xu Mingzhen , Gu Bingxin , Zhang Jianping , Xu Xiaoping , Qiao Ying , Hu Silong , Song Shaoli 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT tumor metabolic heterogeneity index (HI) and establish and validate a nomogram model for distinguishing head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) from lymphoma with head and neck metastatic poorly differentiated cancer.

Methods
This retrospective analysis was conducted on 1242 patients with cervical metastatic poorly differentiated cancer. 108 patients, who were clinically and pathologically confirmed as HNCUP or lymphoma, were finally enrolled. Two independent sample t-tests and χ2 test were used to compare the clinical and imaging features. Binary logistic regression was used to screen for independent predictive factors.

Results
Among the 108 patients), 65 patients were diagnosed with HNCUP and 43 were lymphoma. Gender (P = 0.001), SUVmax (P < 0.001), SUVmean (P < 0.001), TLG (P = 0.012), and HI (P < 0.001) had statistical significance in distinguishing HNCUP and lymphoma. Female (OR = 4.546, P = 0.003) and patients with HI ≥ 2.37 (OR = 3.461, P = 0.047) were more likely to be diagnosed as lymphoma.

Conclusion
For patients with cervical metastatic poorly differentiated cancer, gender and HI were independent predictors of pathological type. For such patients, clinical attention should be paid to avoid misdiagnosing lymphoma as HNCUP, which may delay treatment.
Risk and Time to Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Incidental Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Hammer Mark M. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To determine the risk of lung cancer in incidental pulmonary nodules, as well as the time until cancer growth is detected.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study examined patients with incidental nodules detected on chest computed tomography (CT) in 2017. Characteristics of the dominant nodule were automatically extracted from CT reports, and cancer diagnoses were manually verified by a thoracic radiologist. Nodules were categorized per Fleischner Society guideline categories: solid <6 mm, solid 6 to 8 mm, solid >8 mm, subsolid <6 mm, ground glass nodules ≥6 mm, and part-solid nodules ≥6 mm. The time to nodule growth was determined by CT reports.

Results:
A total of 3180 patients (nodules) were included, of which 155 (5%) were diagnosed with lung cancer. By category, 7/1601 (0.4%) solid nodules <6 mm, 11/713 (1.5%) solid nodules 6 to 8 mm, 71/446 (15.9%) solid nodules >8 mm, 1/124 (0.8%) subsolid nodules <6 mm, 29/202 (14.4%) ground glass nodules ≥6 mm, and 36/94 (37.9%) part-solid nodules ≥6 mm were malignant. Of solid lung cancers <6 mm, growth was observed in 1/4 imaged by 1 year and 2/5 by 2 years; of solid lung cancers 6 to 8 mm, growth was observed in 3/10 imaged by 1 year and 6/10 by 2 years.

Conclusion:
Solid nodules <6 mm have a very low risk of malignancy and may not require routine follow-up. However, when malignant, growth is often not observed until 2 or more years later; therefore, stability at 1 to 2 years does not imply benignity.