bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Tracheostomy Following Life‐Threatening Hemorrhage in the Floor of the Mouth During Immediate Implant Placement in the Mandibular Canine Region
Authors: Givol Navot , Chaushu Gavriel , Halamish‐Shani Tali , Taicher Shlomo 
Published: February 2005

Background: The edentulous interforaminal mandibular area is frequently the preferred area for implant placement.Methods: A case of emergency tracheostomy following life‐threatening hemorrhage in the floor of the mouth during immediate implant placement in the mandibular canine region is described. The probable cause was bleeding from the sublingual artery or a branch of that artery following implant perforation of the lingual cortex.Results: Healing was uneventful and the patient was released from the hospital after 11 days. Three years later, CT showed a well‐osseointegrated implant with a severe buccolingual inclination.Conclusions: It is stressed that short implants (14 mm or less) should be used in the mandibular canine region and that effective treatment of this complication is essential. J Periodontol 2000;71:1893‐1895.
Conditions for Success in Guided Bone Regeneration: Retrospective Study on 376 Implant Sites
Authors: Mattout Paul , Mattout Catherine 
Published: February 2005

Background: Used alone or in association with bone, guided bone regeneration is a clinically accepted method to increase the volume of bone during implant placement. Concerns about appropriate surgical techniques and the predictability of the results questions still exist. The aim of this study was to assess the conditions for success.Methods: Three‐hundred‐seventy‐six implants were placed in association with 214 non‐resorbable membranes. In 109 implants, the membrane was secured on a blood clot; for 213 implants, membrane was placed with autogenous bone; and for 54 implants it was placed with allogenic bone. The surgical procedure, the primary closure, the timing of re‐entry, and the density of regenerated tissue were studied.Results: In 19 membranes, barrier exposure occurred before 3 months in these instances, the regenerated tissue was removed; another 7 membranes were exposed between 3 and 6 months. The 188 non‐exposed membranes were removed between 6 and 12 months. In cases of exposure before 3 months, the regenerated tissue was soft and then removed. After closure for 6 months or more, the renegerated tissue was dense and resistant to probe pressure. The best results were obtained when the membranes were placed with autogenous bone.Conclusions: If all the clinical steps are appropriately followed, guided bone regeneration using an autogenous bone graft and implant placement is a predictable technique for increasing bone volume. J Periodontol 2000;71:1904‐1909.
Root Substance Removal With Er:YAG Laser Radiation at Different Parameters Using a New Delivery System
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Mehl Albert , Haffner Cornelius , Benz Christoph , Hickel Reinhard 
Published: February 2005

Background: The recently introduced Er:YAG laser radiation appears to be a promising alternative in treating dental hard tissue due to its thermo‐mechanical ablation properties and the lack of thermal side effects. The present in vitro study attempted to evaluate the use of Er:YAG laser radiation in combination with a specially developed delivery system in removing calculus from root surfaces.Methods: Fifty extracted anterior teeth, premolars and molars, were divided into 2 groups of 25 each with (group A) and without (group B) subgingival calculus. Source of radiation was an Er:YAG laser device with a wavelength of 2.94 µm, in the infrared optical spectrum, a pulse duration of 250 ns, and a pulse repetition rate of 15 pps. In each group, 6 teeth were irradiated with 300 laser pulses either at 60 mJ, 80 mJ, 100 mJ, or 150 mJ. The samples were continually moved linearily using a computer numeric controlled device. The volumetric evaluation of root substance removal was performed with a 3‐dimensional laser scanning system (100,000 surface points per sample, accuracy: 5 µm) and special image analyzing software. A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation was performed to assess the laser induced ultrastructural changes on the root surfaces. Statistical analysis was carried out with ANOVA followed by the Scheffé test and with regression analysis according to Pearson‐Bravais at a level of significance of 5% (P <0.05).Results: The linear measurement of substance removal on calculus samples (group A) revealed average depths between 174.38 (±16.13) µm and 501.85 (±111.01) µm. Defect depths on the teeth without calculus (group B) ranged from 37.78 (±14.03) µm to 484.44 (±80.63) µm. The SEM observation of laser‐treated root surfaces revealed no signs of thermal damage; e.g., melting, fusion, or cracking.Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that a substance removal with Er:YAG laser radiation at lower energy densities is comparable, in effect, to that after conventional root surface instrumentation with curets. The results seem to indicate that calculus removal can be selectively done using lower radiation energies. Considering the favorable results of the SEM investigation, the use of the Er:YAG laser in periodontal therapy may be possible in the future. J Periodontol 2000;71:147‐155.
Interleukin‐1 Genetic Association With Periodontitis in Clinical Practice
Authors: McDevitt Michael J. , Wang Hwa‐Ying , Knobelman Carol , Newman Michael G. , di Giovine Francesco S. , Timms Janice , Duff Gordon W. , Kornman Kenneth S. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontitis is a bacterial disease modified by multiple risk factors. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) is a key regulator of the host responses to microbial infection and a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption. It has been reported that variations in the IL‐1 gene cluster on chromosome 2 are associated with increased susceptibility to severe adult periodontitis.Methods: The present study evaluated the association between a composite IL‐1 genotype, including allele 2 at each of two loci (IL‐1A +4845 plus IL‐1B +3954), and a broad spectrum of periodontally healthy to diseased patients in a population that is typically encountered in a dental practice setting. Ninety patients, non‐smokers or former smokers with less than 10 pack‐year (pk/yr) history, were recruited from a private dental practice. The major outcome variable was bone loss determined by computerized linear measurements of radiographs. Genotypes were analyzed from finger‐stick blood samples using previously reported methods.Results: Multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that patient age, former smoking history, and the IL‐1 genotype were significantly associated with severity of adult periodontitis. For nonsmokers or former light smokers (<5 pk/yr), IL‐1 genotype positives were at increased odds ratio of having moderate to severe periodontal disease of 3.75 (95% CI: 1.04‐13.50) to 5.27 (95% CI: 1.23‐22.70), depending on ethnicity, compared to IL‐1 genotype negatives. Former moderate smokers (>5 pk/yr and <10 pk/yr) who were IL‐1 genotype negative were at increased odds ratio of having moderate to severe periodontal disease of 7.43 (95% CI: 1.20‐46.20) compared to non‐smokers or former light smokers who were IL‐1 genotype negative. In addition, past smoking history was also a significant effect modifier as demonstrated by the statistically significant interaction between past smoking history status and IL‐1 genotype status.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the composite IL‐1 genotype is significantly associated with the severity of adult periodontitis. It also confirmed that both IL‐1 genotyping and smoking history provide objective risk factors for periodontal disease in a private practice environment. J Periodontol 2000;71:156‐163.
Use of a Biodegradable Chlorhexidine Chip in the Treatment of Adult Periodontitis: Clinical and Radiographic Findings
Authors: Jeffcoat Marjorie K. , Palcanis Kent G. , Weatherford Thomas W. , Reese Marion , Geurs Nico C. , Flashner Moshe 
Published: February 2005

Background: Previous multi‐center trials demonstrated the efficacy of a biodegradable chlorhexidine‐gelatin chip (CHX) in reducing probing depth in patients with periodontitis. The present study utilized a subset of subjects from the parent study to determine if the CHX chip was effective in maintaining alveolar bone over a 9‐month period.Methods: Forty‐five subjects with at least four 5 to 8 mm pockets, stratified by smoking status, were enrolled in this double‐blind controlled, placebo‐controlled trial. Control groups received either placebo chip plus scaling and root planing (SRP) or SRP alone. Test group subjects received active CHX chip or SRP alone (to maintain the blind). Standardized radiographs were taken for quantitative digital subtraction radiography at baseline and 9 months.Results: At 9 months, 15% of SRP treated subjects experienced loss of bone in 1 or more sites, no subject treated with active chip plus SRP lost bone (P <0.01). At 9 months, significant differences in the change in probing depth and clinical attachment levels favoring the active chip over SRP alone or SRP plus CHX chip were also observed (P <0.05).Conclusions: These data indicate that the CHX chip, when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing, significantly reduces loss of alveolar bone. J Periodontol 2000;71:256‐262.
Normal Osteoconduction and Repair in and Around Submerged Highly Bisphosphonate‐Complexed Hydroxyapatite Implants in Rat Tibiae
Authors: Denissen Harry , Martinetti Roberta , van Lingen Arthur , van den Hooff Arnold 
Published: February 2005

Background: Ceramic hydroxyapatite implants have been used in dentistry for their unique compatibility with alveolar bone. Recently it was reported that bisphosphonates may be beneficial in preventing alveolar bone destruction associated with natural and experimental periodontal disease. Furthermore, bisphosphonate does prevent resorption of alveolar bone following mucoperiosteal flap surgery. We undertook a preliminary study evaluating the effects of highly bisphosphonatecomplexed hydroxyapatite implants on osteoconduction and repair in rat tibiae.Methods: Porous hydroxyapatite implants were pre‐incubated in 10−2M bisphosphonate solutions at pH 3.49 and pH 7.32. The implants had a diameter of 2.1 mm and a height of 2 mm and adsorbed 115 µg bisphosphonate in vitro. Bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite implants and plain hydroxyapatite implants were inserted in opposite tibial metaphyses of 35 rats. The measurement errors for the mineral density (MD) of the implants and the proximal trabecular mineral bone density (TD) were estimated by peripheral computed tomography and the bone mineral density (BMD) measurement error by dual x‐ray absorptiometry.Results: The measurement errors for the MD of the implants and the TD by peripheral computed tomography were 0.81% and 1.96%, respectively ex vivo. The BMD measurement error estimated by dual x‐ray absorptiometry was 0.51% ex vivo. TD and BMD for bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite implants were insignificantly higher compared to plain hydroxyapatite implants. Bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite pre‐incubated at pH 7.32 were found to be nondegradable implants, while bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite (pH 3.49) implants were slowly degradable and lost a significant 5% of their density. Histologically, all bisphosphonate/hydroxyapatite implants appeared to be fully integrated and effective as bone replacement material in rat tibial bone. They exhibited vascularization and osteoconduction of tibial bone growth along and inside their porous structure.Conclusions: Our study suggests that normal osteoconduction and repair occurred in and around the highly bisphosphonate‐complexed hydroxyapatite implants in rat tibiae. J Periodontol 2000;71:272‐278.
Tissue Response to Titanium Implants in the Rat Maxilla: Ultrastructural and Histochemical Observations of the Bone‐Titanium Interface
Authors: Futami Takayuki , Fujii Noritaka , Ohnishi Hideo , Taguchi Naoyuki , Kusakari Haruka , Ohshima Hayato , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: February 2005

Background: The detailed mechanism of osseointegration, the most appropriate implant‐bone interface, remains unclear in jaw tissues at the ultrastructural level in contrast to the many reports using long bones. The present study reports on tissue response to titanium‐implantation on an animal model using rat maxilla.Methods: Animals were sacrificed at 1 to 28 days postimplantation and prepared tissue specimens, freed from implants by a cryofracture technique, were processed for transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity (TRAPase).Results: Different patterns in bone formation were recognized between lateral and base areas of implant cavities. In the lateral area with narrow gaps, bone deposition took place from the pre‐existing bone towards the implant after active bone resorption by osteoclasts reactive to TRAPase. However, no distinct bone formation appeared in the lateral area where the implant had been installed close to the osteotomy margin. On the other hand, new bone formation was found at the base area without any apparent bone resorption. Interestingly, mononuclear cells reactive to TRAPase, presumably preosteoclasts, frequently occurred near preosteoblasts. Osseointegration around the implants was obtained in this model by 28 days post‐implantation except for the lateral area with complete contact with implants, where the thin layer remained in contact with the implant surface.Conclusions: These findings indicate that ossification proceeds at different modes around the titanium implant in rat maxilla, depending on the nature of the recipient bones and the dimension of the gap between the implant and osteotomy margin. J Periodontol 2000;71:287‐298.
Comparison of Four Methods of Assessing Root Surface Debridement
Authors: Chan Yoong K. , Needleman Ian G. , Clifford Lester R. 
Published: February 2005

Background: While there is great interest in measuring the effi‐cacy of root surface debridement, there is little consensus on how this might be best achieved. The aim of this study was therefore to compare four different methods of assessing root surface debridement in their ability to discriminate between ultrasonically instrumented root surfaces and non‐instrumented control surfaces.Methods: Single‐session subgingival root debridement was performed by an experienced operator on 30 teeth prior to their extraction. Following extraction, efficacy of root surface debridement was measured by percentage of remaining calculus, instrument efficiency, modified instrument efficiency, and percentage apical plaque border. In addition, the effect of probing depth landmark (apical plaque border versus connective tissue attachment) on outcomes was assessed.Results: The results indicated that percentage apical plaque border demonstrated highly statistically significant differences between instrumented and control surfaces (P = 0.02). No other assessment method was able to discriminate between instrumented and non‐instrumented surfaces, and this may be a function of the low amount of root surface calculus in the experimental sample. In addition, choice of probing depth landmark had a notable effect on the outcomes for instrument efficiency and modified instrument efficiency. Ninety‐five percent limits agreement of interexaminer reproducibility were found to be much higher than intra‐examiner measurement for all four methods of assessment.Conclusions: Percentage apical plaque border appeared to be potentially more useful than other methods for assessing the efficacy of debridement of periodontally involved root surfaces, particularly for measuring instrument penetrability. J Periodontol 2000;71:385‐393.
The Bone Regenerative Effect of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor‐BB Delivered With a Chitosan/Tricalcium Phosphate Sponge Carrier
Authors: Lee Yong‐Moo , Park Yoon‐Jeong , Lee Seung‐Jin , Ku Young , Han Soo‐Boo , Klokkevold Perry R. , Chung Chong‐Pyoung 
Published: February 2005

Background: In order to achieve optimal effects, growth factors including platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) should be delivered with a biodegradable carrier that will release therapeutic concentrations over a sufficient length of time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regenerative effect of PDGF‐BB delivered with a chitosan/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) sponge carrier in a rat calvarial defect model.Methods: The PDGF‐BB–loaded chitosan/TCP sponge carrier was fabricated by freeze‐drying a mixture of chitosan solution and TCP powder and soaking in a PDGF‐BB solution. The release kinetics of PDGF‐BB loaded onto the sponge were measured in vitro with 125I‐labeled PDGF‐BB. Chitosan/TCP sponges with and without PDGF‐BB were implanted into 8 mm calvarial defects in rats. Rats were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks following implantation, and histologic and histomorphometrical examinations were performed.cResults: In vitro evaluation demonstrated that an effective therapeutic concentration of PDGF‐BB following a high initial burst release was maintained throughout the examination period. In the histologic examination, the chitosan/TCP sponge carrier promoted osseous healing of the rat calvarial defects as compared to controls. The addition of PDGF‐BB to the carrier further enhanced bone regeneration. Evidence of the degraded sponge matrix was observed mingled within the newly formed bone without connective tissue encapsulation.Conclusions: The results of this study support the use of chitosan/TCP sponges as a delivery system for growth factors and demonstrate that PDGF‐BB loaded onto chitosan/TCP sponge carriers has an osteogenic effect on bone regeneration in vivo. J Periodontol 2000;71:418‐424.
Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Health in Molar Teeth
Authors: Kerdvongbundit Varunee , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: It is generally accepted that the primary cause of periodontitis is bacterial infection of long duration. In addition, there are several risk factors that may increase the probability and severity of periodontitis. For example, an increased breakdown of alveolar bone has been observed in smokers compared to never‐smokers. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and periodontal health, in particular, furcation involvement in molar teeth.Methods: One hundred twenty (120) adult regular dental patients, presenting with at least 20 teeth each, third molars excluded, were evaluated. Sixty of the subjects consumed an average (± SD) of 16.8 ± 3.8 cigarettes daily and had smoked for 21.4 ± 5.7 years. The remaining subjects presented a negative history of smoking. Periodontal conditions for the molar teeth were recorded at the first and second mandibular molar buccal furcation area.Results: Oral hygiene standards and dental care habits did not differ notably between smokers and never‐smokers. Smokers exhibited significantly fewer molar teeth than never‐smokers (2.2 ± 1.1 versus 3.0 ± 0.8; P <0.01). Also, smokers exhibited significantly advanced gingival recession, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, furcation involvement, and tooth mobility compared to never‐smokers (P <0.01).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that long‐term cigarette smoking significantly worsens periodontal health including degree and incidence of furcation involvement in molar teeth. J Periodontol 2000;71:433‐437.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Destructive Periodontal Disease. Three‐Year Follow‐Up Results
Authors: Buchmann Rainer , Müller Rüdiger F. , Heinecke Achim , Lange Dieter E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Convincing data exist that A. actinomycetemcomitans is an etiologic agent of periodontal disease. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate A. actinomycetemcomitans as a diagnostic indicator for periodontal disease in treated and periodontally maintained patients.Methods: Following comprehensive mechanical/surgical and supportive amoxicillin plus metronidazole therapy in 13 subjects with A. actinomycetemcomitans‐associated destructive periodontal disease, we monitored subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans at 4 individual sites in each patient up to 3 years post‐therapy. The periodontal status was determined, and A. actinomycetemcomitans levels were quantitatively enumerated on TSBV agar in CFU/ml. Six patients with a persistence of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans at each reexamination within 3 years post‐therapy were selected to be at risk for minor periodontal treatment outcomes and further recurrence of periodontal disease (test group). Seven subjects with a complete suppression of A. actinomycetemcomitans at each post‐therapy visit served as controls.Results: The periodontal parameters decreased from overall values of 6.39 mm (probing depth, PD) and 7.64 mm (clinical attachment level, CAL) at the outset to 3.81 mm (PD) and 5.62 mm (CAL) 2 years post‐therapy (Friedman, P ≤0.05). At the 3‐year reexamination, the PD/CAL scores increased to 4.03/5.78 mm. Among the 6 individuals (46%) with persistence of subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans at the final 3‐year visit (test group), periodontal status yielded increased levels of 4.45 mm (PD) and 6.60 mm (CAL). The control subjects (n = 7) revealed lower values of 3.67 mm (PD) and 5.09 mm (CAL). However, on a patient level, during the 3‐year observational trial, the periodontal status of the 13 individuals was not statistically affected by subgingival infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans.Conclusions: Although in advanced periodontal disease, comprehensive mechanical and antimicrobial treatment is an appropriate regimen for sustained improvement of periodontal health, long‐term control of subgingival infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans could not be achieved. In the maintenance care of destructive periodontitis, the persistence of A. actinomycetemcomitans is not a diagnostic parameter for periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000;71:444‐453.