bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study concerning the reactivity of imine derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Borosky Gabriela L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe opening reaction of N‐protonated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon imines has been computed by means of ab initio, density functional, and semiempirical methods of calculation. Imines are predicted to be more stable than the corresponding O‐protonated derivatives, epoxides and diol epoxides. On the other hand, the activated N‐methanesulfonylbenzene imine presented more favorable ΔE≠ and ΔEr for ring opening due to the effect of hydrogen‐bond interactions. Anti and syn trans‐diol benzene imines did not show a different behavior from the unsubstituted imine. According to these calculations, bay‐region, fjord‐region, and bay‐region methyl‐substituted compounds opened more easily among the imine derivatives, following the same reactivity pattern as the oxygen analogs. The exothermicity of the opening process correlated with the charge delocalization in the resulting carbocation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 601–608, 2003
High‐dimensional model representations generated from low order terms—lp‐RS‐HDMR
Authors: Li Genyuan , Artamonov Maxim , Rabitz Herschel , Wang Sheng‐wei , Georgopoulos Panos G. , Demiralp Metin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHigh‐dimensional model representation (HDMR) is a general set of quantitative model assessment and analysis tools for improving the efficiency of deducing high dimensional input–output system behavior. RS‐HDMR is a particular form of HDMR based on random sampling (RS) of the input variables. The component functions in an HDMR expansion are optimal choices tailored to the n‐variate function f(x) being represented over the desired domain of the n‐dimensional vector x. The high‐order terms (usually larger than second order, or equivalently beyond cooperativity between pairs of variables) in the expansion are often negligible. When it is necessary to go beyond the first and the second order RS‐HDMR, this article introduces a modified low‐order term product (lp)‐RS‐HDMR method to approximately represent the high‐order RS‐HDMR component functions as products of low‐order functions. Using this method the high‐order truncated RS‐HDMR expansions may be constructed without directly computing the original high‐order terms. The mathematical foundations of lp‐RS‐HDMR are presented along with an illustration of its utility in an atmospheric chemical kinetics model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 5: 647–656, 2003
Perceived criticism predicts severity of anxiety symptoms after behavioral treatment in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia
Authors: Renshaw Keith D. , Chambless Dianne L. , Steketee Gail 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn prospective research, psychiatric patients' perceived criticism (PC) from family members has been linked to higher rates of relapse and worse treatment outcome. Researchers have disagreed about whether PC contributes to poor treatment outcomes or whether it merely reflects the severity of a patient's disturbance. In this study, structural equation modeling was used to conduct a cross‐lagged panel analysis of the relationship between PC and anxiety symptom severity assessed before and after treatment in anxiety‐disordered patients. PC was found to be unrelated to concurrent symptom severity. Furthermore, pretreatment PC significantly predicted posttreatment symptom severity over and above the effect of pretreatment symptom severity, whereas pretreatment symptom severity failed to significantly predict posttreatment PC. Thus, these results are consistent with (although not proof of) the hypothesis that PC detracts from patients' ability to respond to treatment, and inconsistent with the hypothesis that PC is a reflection of a patient's symptom severity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 411–421, 2003.
Dental neuroplasticity, neuro‐pulpal interactions, and nerve regeneration
Authors: Byers Margaret R. , Suzuki Hironobu , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis review covers current information about the ability of dental nerves to regenerate and the role of tooth pulp in recruitment of regenerating nerve fibers. In addition, the participation of dental nerves in pulpal injury responses and healing is discussed, especially concerning pulp regeneration and reinnervation after tooth replantation. The complex innervation of teeth is highly asymmetric and guided towards specific microenvironments along blood vessels or in the crown pulp and dentin. Pulpal products such as nerve growth factor are distributed in the same asymmetric gradients as the dentinal sensory innervation, suggesting regulation and recruitment of those nerve fibers by those specific factors. The nerve fibers have important effects on pulpal blood flow and inflammation, while their sprouting and cytochemical changes after tooth injury are in response to altered pulpal cytochemistry. Thus, their pattern and neuropeptide intensity are indicators of pulp status, while their local actions continually affect that status. When denervated teeth are injured, either by pulp exposure on the occlusal surface or by replantation, they have more pulpal necrosis than occurs for innervated teeth. However, small pulp exposures on the side of denervated crowns or larger lesions in germ‐free animals can heal well, showing the value of postoperative protection from occlusal trauma or from infection. Current ideas about dental neuroplasticity, neuro‐pulpal interactions, and nerve regeneration are related to the overall topics of tooth biomimetics and pulp/dentin regeneration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:503–515, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling the jaw mechanism of Pleuronichthys verticalis: The morphological basis of asymmetrical jaw movements in a flatfish
Authors: Gibb Alice Coulter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral flatfish species exhibit the unusual feature of bilateral asymmetry in prey capture kinematics. One species, Pleuronichthys verticalis, produces lateral flexion of the jaws during prey capture. This raises two questions: 1) How are asymmetrical movements generated, and 2) How could this unusual jaw mechanism have evolved? In this study, specimens were dissected to determine which cephalic structures might produce asymmetrical jaw movements, hypotheses were formulated about the specific function of these structures, physical models were built to test these hypotheses, and models were compared with prey capture kinematics to assess their accuracy. The results suggest that when the neurocranium rotates dorsally the premaxillae slide off the smooth, rounded surface of the vomer (which is angled toward the blind, or eyeless, side) and are “launched” anteriorly and laterally. The bilaterally asymmetrical trajectory of the upper jaw is determined by the orientation of the “launch pad,” the vomer. During lower jaw depression, the mandibles rotate about their articulations with the quadrate bones of the suspensoria. The quadrato‐mandibular joint is positioned farther anteriorly on the eye side than on the blind side, and this asymmetry deflects the lower jaw toward the blind side. Asymmetry in the articular surfaces of the lower jaw augments this effect. Thus, it appears that fish with intermediate forms of this asymmetrical movement could have evolved from symmetrical ancestors via a few key morphological changes. In addition, similar morphological modifications have been observed in other fish taxa that also produce jaw flexion during feeding, which suggests that there may be convergence in the basic mechanism of asymmetry. J. Morphol. 256:1–12, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of immune modulation on TT virus (TTV) and TTV‐like‐mini‐virus (TLMV) viremia
Authors: Moen Eva Merethe , Sagedal Solbjørg , Bjøro Kristian , Degré Miklos , Opstad Per Kristian , Grinde Bjørn 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate how two chronically replicating viruses, TT virus (TTV) and TTV‐like mini virus (TLMV), interact with host defence systems. Successive serum samples from three groups of subjects, undergoing modifications of their antiviral defence, were tested by real‐time PCR to measure changes in viral titers, and by sequence analyses to indicate whether increases in viremia could be attributed to infection with an unfamiliar strain: 1) in patients receiving immunosuppressants subsequent to kidney transplantation, viral titers tended to increase; 2) in soldiers undergoing extreme training known to cause immunosuppression, insignificant increases in titers were observed; and 3) interferon treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus caused a temporary decrease in TTV and TLMV titers. Increases in viremia were associated only occasionally with the appearance of novel strains. The above results add to knowledge on how these viruses are influenced by the host. J. Med. Virol. 70:177–182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GB Virus C epidemiology in denmark: Different routes of transmission in children and low‐ and high‐risk adults
Authors: Christensen Peer B. , Fisker Niels , Mygind Lone H. , Krarup Henrik B. , Wedderkopp Niels , Varming Kim , Georgsen Jørgen 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWith the demonstration of an effect of GBV‐C infection on the outcome of HIV infection, it has become important to understand the epidemiology of GBV‐C. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence in high‐ and low‐risk populations. The following populations were tested: school children, 9 and 15 years of age (n = 901), blood donors (n = 5,203), hospital employees (n = 1,432), and prisoners and injecting drug users (n = 447). In‐house RT‐PCR for GBV‐CRNA was used together with a commercial ELISA for anti‐E2 (Boehringer, Germany). In addition, questionnaires for risk factors for transmission and serological tests for HIV and hepatitis were applied. The overall prevalence of GBV‐CRNA was 1.4% among children, 2.2% among blood donors, 2.2% among hospital employees, 12.5% among non‐injecting prisoners, and 34.9% among drug injectors. Correspondingly anti‐E2 was found in 0.3%, 12.3%, 25.0%, and 42.7%. Among hospital employees, independent risk factors for GBV‐C were professions with blood exposure and sexual risk partners. Among prisoners and drug users, injecting and a sexual risk index were associated independently with GBV‐C. Based on these results, the following hypothesis is suggested: GBV‐C is transmitted frequently at birth or early childhood and this leads to chronic infection in most cases. Sexual transmission is the most important route of transmission in the adult population but this infection is usually transient. Blood borne transmission plays a role among health care workers and injecting drug users and GBV‐C should be further evaluated as a surrogate marker for professional blood exposure. J. Med. Virol. 70:156–162, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of enterovirus 71 infection of human cell lines
Authors: Wen Yu‐Ye , Chang Tsuey‐Yu , Chen Shur‐Tzu , Li Ching , Liu Hsiao‐Sheng 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe cell tropism of enterovirus 71 (Enteroviridae) in neuronal, glial and laryngeal cells. The 4643 strain, an enterovirus 71 isolate from a patient in Taiwan, was used to infect three human cell lines representing neuronal cells (SK‐N‐SH, neuroblastoma), glial cells (U373MG, glioblastoma), and laryngeal cells (HEp‐2, larynx epidermoid carcinoma). Immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect mature enterovirus 71 4643 virions in these cell lines. The three cell lines were also compared for presence of virus‐mediated cytopathic effect (CPE), synthesis of infected cell‐specific proteins, viral (−) RNA, and virus replication rate. Virus particles were detected by TEM, and viral replication increased over time, indicating the existence and release of mature viruses from all three infected cell lines. The most severe CPE and the highest viral replication rate were observed in the SK‐N‐SH cells. Further screening of the infected cell lines by microarray analysis revealed that the neuron growth factor receptor (NGFR) gene was uniquely upregulated in infected SK‐N‐SH cells, implying that the receptor encoded by this gene may be involved in cell tropism. The data show that neurons are vulnerable to enterovirus 71 4643 infection and are consistent with the clinical observation that enterovirus 71 4643 targets mainly neuronal cells but is also found in many organs in conjunction with an inflammatory reaction. J. Med. Virol. 70:109–118, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of experiments (DOE) technique for microwave/millimeter wave flip‐chip optimization
Authors: Staiculescu Daniela , Laskar Joy , Tentzeris Manos M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a design of experiments (DOE) technique for microwave/millimeter wave flip‐chip characterization and optimization. Two optimization approaches, signal bump misalignment and transmission line compensation, are combined together for optimal performance for high frequency operation. First, the design of experiments method is presented and its advantages are emphasized. Then, the two techniques are combined together in a factorial experiment with the purpose of optimizing the return loss to any desired frequency. The experiment is based on test structure fabrication and measurements. The one‐factor‐at‐a‐time strategy shows that return loss performance is increased with the misalignment values and decreased with compensation for the frequency range of interest. However, the statistical analysis revealed that the optimal performance is achieved for maximum compensation, and minimum misalignment. The optimal structure is measured from 1 to 75 GHz and shows return loss better than 17 dB. The method can be extended to include more optimization factors in different analysis intervals. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered expression of CHL1 by glial cells in response to optic nerve injury and intravitreal application of fibroblast growth factor‐2
Authors: Rolf Bettina , Lang Doris , Hillenbrand Rainer , Richter Melanie , Schachner Melitta , Bartsch Udo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe close homologue of L1 (CHL1) is a member of the L1 family of cell recognition molecules. The protein is expressed by a variety of nerve cell types and subpopulations of glial cells in vivo and promotes elongation of neurites and survival of nerve cells in vitro. Here we demonstrate that glial cells up‐regulate expression of CHL1 in response to an intraorbital crush of the adult mouse optic nerve. We also demonstrate that a single intravitreal application of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) increases expression of CHL1 in retinal astrocytes and Müller cells. Elevated expression of CHL1 by glial cells in injured optic nerves and astrocytes and Müller cells in FGF‐2‐treated retinas suggests a role of the protein in the lesioned central nervous system. Results also suggest that trophic factors might exert part of their biological function by modifying expression of cell recognition molecules. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential regulation of 5′ splice variants of the glutamate transporter EAAT2 in an in vivo model of chemical hypoxia induced by 3‐nitropropionic acid
Authors: Münch Christoph , Zhu Bing‐gen , Leven Annette , Stamm Stefan , Einkörn Hermann , Schwalenstöcker Birgit , Ludolph Albert C. , Riepe Matthias W. , Meyer Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDefective glutamate uptake has been implicated as a pathogenic event of neuronal damage related to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. In several models of ischemia‐hypoxia, a reduced immunoreactivity and altered RNA expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), the major excitatory amino acid transporter, have been reported. However, the gene regulation of EAAT2 under these conditions is incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated alternative splicing of EAAT2 in an in vivo mouse model of chemical hypoxia as induced by 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP). The neurotoxin 3‐NP is an inhibitor of mitochondrial energy production. Furthermore, it is known to inhibit glutamate reuptake directly, representing at least one of the mechanisms responsible for 3‐NP‐induced neurodegeneration. Here we report an expression analysis of five known (mEAAT2/5UT1–5) and two novel (mEAAT2/5UT6, ‐7) 5′ splice variants of EAAT2 using semiquantitative PCR. The RNA expression was studied at 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr and 7 days after 3‐NP administration. mEAAT2/5UT4 and mEAAT2/5UT5 were up‐regulated in the frontal cortex and down‐regulated in the hippocampus 12–72 hr after chemical hypoxia. In the cerebellum, there was an increased expression of mEAAT2/5UT4 and a down‐regulation of mEAAT2/5UT5. mEAAT2/5UT3 show a different regional expression pattern, being regulated in the cerebellum only. mEAAT2/5UT1–7 encoded distinct 5′ regulatory sequences, including conserved elements of translational control. It is easily conceivable that expression alterations of 5′ splice variants of EAAT2 are related to glutamate transporter malfunction after chemical hypoxia. Our findings contribute to the hypothesis that RNA splicing events can serve as a molecular mechanism of posthypoxic gene regulation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and properties of the recombinant murine Golli‐myelin basic protein isoform J37
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Libich David S. , Campagnoni Celia W. , Wood D. Denise , Moscarello Mario A. , Campagnoni Anthony T. , Harauz George 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA recombinant form of the murine Golli‐myelin basic protein (MBP) isoform J37 (rmJ37) has been expressed in Escherichia coli and isolated to 95% purity via metal chelation and ion exchange chromatography. The protein did not aggregate lipid vesicles containing acidic phospholipids, unlike the 18.5 kDa isoform of MBP. This result is consistent with J37 having a functional role prior to the assembly of compact myelin. Circular dichroic spectroscopy showed that rmJ37 had a large proportion of random coil in aqueous solution but gained α‐helix and β‐sheet in the presence of monosialoganglioside GM1 and PI(4)P. Thus, like “classic” MBP, J37 is intrinsically unstructured, and its conformation depends on its environment and bound ligands. Analyses of the amino acid sequence of rmJ37 predicted an N‐terminal calmodulin (CaM)‐binding site. It was determined via a gel‐shift assay and fluorescence spectroscopy that rmJ37 and CaM interacted in a 1:1 ratio in a Ca2+‐dependent manner. However, the interaction was weak compared with 18.5 kDa MBP. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Waveguide Raman spectroscopy of sol–gel Gd2O3 thin films
Authors: Le Luyer C. , García‐Murillo A. , Bernstein E. , Mugnier J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGadolinium oxide films, prepared by the sol–gel process, present waveguiding properties. Their structures were studied by waveguide Raman spectroscopy (WRS) and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structural evolution of the layers with annealing temperatures from 650 up to 900°C was investigated. The WRS results and TEM observations were correlated and revealed that crystallization started at 650°C into the cubic phase. The mean diameter of the crystallites dispersed in the amorphous phase is around 5 nm at this temperature. The film is totally crystallized into the cubic phase at 700°C. The monoclinic phase simultaneously appears at 800°C and both phases still co‐exist after heat treatment at 900°C. The films present a heterogeneous structure at 900°C with grain sizes varying from 5 up to 50 nm and as consequence their waveguiding properties strongly decrease. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial DNA alterations in thyroid cancer
Authors: Tong Betty C. , Ha Patrick K. , Dhir Karan , Xing Mingzhao , Westra William H. , Sidransky David , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundAlterations in mitochondrial DNA have been identified in a number of solid tumor types, including gastric, head and neck, breast, colorectal, lung, and bladder carcinomas. Recently, a homopolymeric C stretch (D310) located within the noncoding D‐loop of the mitochondrial genome was identified and described as a mutational hotspot. The objective of the present study was to examine a series of thyroid cancers for genetic alterations in this region.MethodsSeventy‐two (72) thyroid cancers were examined for alterations in D310 using PCR‐based methods. The primary tumors tested included 35 papillary carcinomas, 18 medullary carcinomas, 9 anaplastic carcinomas, 9 follicular carcinomas, and 1 insular carcinoma.ResultsAlterations in D310 were observed in 2/35 papillary carcinomas (5.7%), 1/18 medullary carcinomas (5.6%), 1/9 anaplastic carcinomas (11.1%), and 1/9 follicular carcinomas (11.1%). Overall, the rate of alterations was 5/72 (6.9%).ConclusionsMutations in the D310 region of the D‐loop of mitochondrial DNA are found in thyroid tumors of varying histologic types and grades. This mutation rate is lower than the reported rate of alteration in tumors of epithelial origin, and shows no relationship to histologic grade. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:170–173. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Previous wide local excision of primary melanoma is not a contraindication for sentinel lymph node biopsy of the trunk and extremity
Authors: Leong Wey L. , Ghazarian Danny M. , McCready David R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with a previous wide local excision (WLE) was examined with case‐control methodology.MethodsA total of 168 consecutive cases of SLNB were performed in patients with truncal and extremity melanoma with tumor thickness of ≥1 mm between October 1997 and June 2000 and were followed prospectively. For comparison, 65 of the103 SLNB patients referred to us after their WLE (cases) were matched by tumor thickness to 65 patients who had SLNB with concurrent WLE (controls). Radiocolloid (technetium‐99m sulfur colloid) was used in all cases; in addition, vital blue dye (patent blue) was used in the control group. The two groups were followed for a median of 15.4 months.ResultsSLNs were identified in all patients with an average of 2.1 (cases) and 2.0 (controls) SLNs excised per patient (P = 0.77). Twenty one (32.3%) of those having SLNB after previous WLE (cases) and 23 (35.4%) of those with concurrent WLE and SLNB (controls) were found to have metastatic disease in the SLN. The only false‐negative in this group was detected in clinical follow‐up in a patient whose truncal WLE was previously closed with a rotation flap (case). There was no significant difference in relapse‐free survival (P = 0.209) and overall survival (P = 0.692) between groups.ConclusionsSLNB is feasible in patients with previous WLE for extremity and truncal melanoma. Similar rates of sentinel positivity are found when compared with those in whom their WLE was done concurrently. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:143–146. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.