bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation has a significant impact on the complexity and stability of microbial food webs in subalpine lakes
Authors: Guo Ping , Li Cui , Liu Jinxain , Chai Baofeng 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Microbial food webs are drivers of material circulation and energy flow in lake ecosystems. The structural shifting of microbial food webs has important implications for the function of lake ecosystems. However, we continue to lack a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complexity and stability of microbial food web structures. In this study, we investigated the diversity and structure of protist communities and bacterial communities by using DNA meta-barcoding to reveal the key factors affecting the complexity and stability of microbial food webs in subalpine lakes. Our analysis shows that significant seasonal variations occurred in protist taxonomic and functional communities (e.g., algivores, bacterivores, and phototrophs), which were mainly controlled by hydrological and nutrient parameters such as temperature, pH, and NH
4
+
-N. Based on the network approach, the most complex food webs in the summer exhibited the lowest stability. We also found that the trophic interaction between bacterivorous protozoans and bacteria was the main factor significantly having influence on microbial food web complexity and stability (
P
< 0.01). Moreover, biotic factors (i.e., bacterivorous protozoan composition) were better predictors of the relative abundance of several bacteria (Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria) as prey than abiotic factors. Thus, these results suggest that predation is essential for the complexity and stability of the microbial food webs in lake ecosystems. Our findings suggest that understanding these complex interactions of microbial food webs is critical for ecosystem management and for predicting the ecological consequences of future climate changes in aquatic ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE
As an important part of microbial food webs, protists transfer organic carbon and nutrients to higher trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems. Protist predation often influences the abundance and composition of bacterial communities. However, we still do not understand whether and how predation affects the complexity and stability of microbial food webs. This study assessed the seasonal dynamic characteristics and driving factors of microbial food webs in terms of complexity and stability. Our findings have implications for future surveys to reveal the effects of climate and environmental changes.
Strength of the winter North Atlantic jet stream has deviated from its natural trend under anthropogenic warming
Authors: Li Miaofa , Cai Binggui , Marković Slobodan B. , Wang Luo , Hao Qingzhen , Baker Andy , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , Jiang Liyuan , Wang Fang , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Lisheng , Ma Zhibang , Xiao Jule , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The North Atlantic jet stream (NAJ) has a profound impact on the climate of the North Atlantic–European sector, especially in winter. Observations show that the winter NAJ (NAJw) has strengthened over the past ~140 yr. However, it remains unclear whether this long-term trend has deviated from the natural variability. Here, we present a 2500-yr-long reconstruction of NAJw strength using high-quality stalagmite δ18O records from southeastern Europe. Our results show that the NAJw weakened during both the Roman Warm Period (300 B.C.–A.D. 200) and the Medieval Warm Period (A.D. 900–1250) but that it has strengthened under anthropogenic warming (since A.D. 1850). This indicates that its current trend has already deviated from the natural variability. The best explanation for this present anomalous trend of NAJw strength is that it was triggered by the appearance of the North Atlantic warming hole under anthropogenic forcing. This anomalous trend suggests that continued global warming may further strengthen the NAJw in the future.
UsingAll of Usdata to examine the mental health change during COVID-19 pandemic among people living with HIV: A longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Qiao Shan , Zhang Jiajia , Liang Chen , Li Xiaoming 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected people’s mental health around the globe. Such effects may be especially compounded among some vulnerable populations such as people living with HIV (PLWH). However, large-scale data on mental health outcomes among PLWH are limited. Few studies have also identified potential protective factors for mental health outcomes.Methods and analysisGuided by theories of resilience and socioecology, we will leverage multiple datasets from National Institutes of Health’s Cloud-basedAll of UsProgramme including electronic health records (EHRs), a series of COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) Surveys conducted from May 2020 to February 2021, and other self-reported survey data to achieve two specific aims: (1) to examine the mental health outcome changes during COVID-19 pandemic among PLWH by employing both EHR data (2018–2022) and survey data (2020–2021) in theAll of UsProgramme; and (2) to identify potential protective factors based on COPE Survey data for mental health outcomes at multiple socioecological levels including individual level (eg, coping strategy), interpersonal level (eg, social support) and health institutional level (eg, health service accessibility), adjusting for pre-existing health conditions including psychiatric disorders and other relevant factors (eg, COVID-19 infection). Interaction terms will be included in the multivariable analysis to identify different socially disadvantaged or stigmatised subgroups.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the institutional review board at the University of South Carolina (Pro00124044). Study findings will be disseminated through presentations at academic conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Effectiveness of an intervention to increase uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision among men with sexually transmitted infections in Malawi: a preinterventional and postinterventional study
Authors: Matoga Mitch M , Kudowa Evaristar , Ndalama Beatrice , Bonongwe Naomi , Mathiya Esther , Jere Edward , Kamtambe Blessings , Chagomerana Maganizo , Chasela Charles , Jewett Sara , Hosseinipour Mina C 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect a multistrategy demand-creation and linkage intervention on voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) uptake, time to VMMC and predictors of VMMC uptake among men with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).DesignPragmatic preinterventional and postinterventional quasi-experimental study combined with a prospective observational design.SettingA public and specialised STI clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi.PopulationUncircumcised men who presented to the STI clinic.Methods and interventionThe intervention consisted of transport reimbursement (‘R’), intensified health education (‘I’) and short-messaging services/telephonic tracing (‘Te’), abbreviated (RITe). A preintervention phase was conducted at baseline while RITe was rolled-out in the intervention phase in a sequential manner called implementation blocks: ‘I’ only—block 1; ‘I+Te’—block 2 and RITe—block 3.Main outcome measuresPrimary: VMMC uptake and time to VMMC for the full intervention and for each block. Secondary: predictors of VMMC uptake.ResultsA total of 2230 uncircumcised men presented to the STI clinic. The mean age was 29 years (SD±9), 58% were married/cohabiting, HIV prevalence was 6.4% and 43% had urethral discharge. Compared with standard of care (8/514, 1.6%), uptake increased by 100% during the intervention period (55/1716, 3.2%) (p=0.048). ‘I’ (25/731, 113%, p=0.044) and RITe (17/477, 125%, p=0.044) significantly increased VMMC uptake. The median time to VMMC was shorter during the intervention period (6 days, IQR: 0, 13) compared with standard of care (15 days, IQR: 9, 18). There was no significant incremental effect on VMMC uptake and time to VMMC between blocks. Men with genital warts were 18 times more likely to receive VMMC (adjusted relative risk=18.74, 95% CI: 2.041 to 172.453).ConclusionsOur intervention addressing barriers to VMMC improved VMMC uptake and time to VMMC among uncircumcised men with STIs, an important subpopulation for VMMC prioritisation.Trial registration numberNCT04677374.
Study protocol for a case series: implementation and evaluation of an integrated mental and physical healthcare programme to screen for mental health symptoms in people with epilepsy
Authors: Winsor Alice Afua , Ebelthite Candice , Onih Jemima , Nicholson Timothy R , Pal Deb K , Richardson Mark 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe prevalence of mental health symptoms in people with epilepsy (PWE) is elevated compared with that of the general population. These symptoms can negatively impact epilepsy management and patient outcomes but can be treated once recognised. It is, therefore, important to screen for these symptoms to identify needs and put in place appropriate support. Unfortunately, mental health symptoms are rarely addressed in epilepsy services due to time constraints, lack of resources and communication between psychological and medical professionals. These barriers can result in diagnostic overshadowing, where symptoms may be attributed to the disease and reduce the level of support PWE receive. Implementing an online screening tool embedded in the electronic health record (EHR) platform with supported referral pathways may remove some of these barriers.Methods and analysisWe will follow the Integrating Mental and Physical Healthcare: Research Training and Services framework, which is a routine clinical data collection tool used by clinical teams to electronically screen psychological symptoms among patients with long-term physical health conditions. Patient outcomes including mental health, physical health and psychosocial outcomes will be collected and uploaded to the EHR platform in real-time. An appropriate referral pathway will be recommended depending on severity of the outcome scores. We will initially pilot the tool for individuals aged 13 years and above through epilepsy clinics at King’s College Hospital. Following this, the acceptability and feasibility of the tool will be assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee of South Central—Oxford C, reference: 21/EM/0205. This study is expected to inform the use of integrated electronic mental health screening for youth in epilepsy clinics and improve access to psychological support. The findings will be disseminated through academic peer-reviewed journals, poster presentations and scientific meetings.
Association between spinal and non-spinal health conditions reported in epidemiological studies: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Green Bart N , Johnson Claire D , Crawford Cindy , Tavares Patricia A , Murnaghan Kent , Haldeman Scott , Hurwitz Eric L , Yang Haiou , de Luca Katie 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe increasing prevalence of coexisting health conditions poses a challenge to healthcare providers and healthcare systems. Spinal pain (eg, neck and back pain) and spinal pathologies (eg, osteoporotic fractures and degenerative spinal disease) exist concurrently with other non-spinal health conditions (NSHC). However, the scope of what associations may exist among these co-occurring conditions is unclear. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map the epidemiological literature that reports associations between spine-related pain and pathologies (SPPs) and NSHCs.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the JBI protocol and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We will systematically search the literature using key words and MeSH terms for SPPs and NSHCs. Terminology/vocabulary for NSHCs will include those for communicable and non-communicable diseases as reported by WHO Global Burden of Disease reports. Five databases will be searched from inception: MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. Papers published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, including measures of association between SPPs and NSHCs and using observational epidemiologic study designs will be included. Excluded will be studies of cadaveric, animal or health behaviours; studies with no measures of association and non-observational epidemiologic studies. Results will include the number of studies, the studies that have evaluated the measures of association and the frequency of the studied associations between SPPs and NSHCs. Results will be reported in tables and diagrams. Themes of comorbidities will be synthesised into a descriptive report.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review was deemed exempt from ethics review. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature that reports associations between SPPs and NSHCs to inform future research initiatives and practices. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and research conferences.Registration detailshttps://osf.io/w49u3.
Participate CP 2: optimising participation in physically active leisure for children with cerebral palsy – protocol for a phase III randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sakzewski Leanne , Reedman Sarah Elizabeth , Elliott Catherine , Ziviani Jenny , Novak Iona , Trost Stewart , Majnemer Annette , Comans Tracy , Shikako Keiko , Ware Robert S , McNamara Lynda , Williams Sian , Keramat Syed Afroz , Brookes Denise , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) participate less in physical activities and have increased sedentary behaviour compared with typically developing peers. Participate CP is a participation-focused therapy intervention for children with CP with demonstrated efficacy in a phase II randomised controlled trial (RCT) to increase perceived performance of physical activity participation goals. This study will test the effectiveness of Participate CP in a multisite phase III RCT.Methods and analysisOne hundred children with CP, aged 8–14 years, classified Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–IV will be randomised to either (1) receive Participate CP once/week for 1 hour for 12 weeks, or (2) waitlist control, usual care group. The waitlist group will then receive Participate CP following the 26-week retention time point. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 12 weeks and then 26 weeks post baseline. The primary outcomes are (1) self-reported participation goal performance on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure at 12 weeks and (2) daily time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Secondary outcomes include home and community participation frequency, involvement and environmental supportiveness, contextual barriers to participation, quality of life, intrinsic motivation for physical activities, child perception of an autonomy-supportive climate for physical activities and physical literacy at 12 and 26 weeks post study entry.Ethics and disseminationThe Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, The University of Queensland and the New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committees have approved this study. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000206224.
Comparison of the taste and acceptability of a new high protein ice cream (Nottingham-Ice cream) with standard hospital milkshake oral nutritional supplement in older people with fragility fractures: a short report
Authors: Marsh Kirandeep , Avery Amanda , Taylor Rachael , Cameron Maribel , Sahota Opinder 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionOral nutritional supplement (ONS) prescription iscommonly recommended for older patients with hip fractures. However, ONS compliance is often low. Ice cream may be a promising nutritional intervention. Using a Plan-Do-Study Act methodology we describe the second cycle of a project using an ice cream based nutritional supplement called Nottingham-Ice cream (N-ICE CREAM) to address malnutrition in older adults. The project aimed to identify whether N-ICE CREAM is a suitable option/alternative to standard ONS.MethodsFifty older (≥ 65 years) inpatients with hip or spine fractures were recruited. Both groups received two days each of N-ICE CREAMand milkshake ONS. We measured compliance, acceptability (rating 0“dislike a lot” to 7 “like a lot”), attitudes towards prescription length (rating 0 “very unconfident” to 4 “very confident”) and preference.ResultsMean (standard deviation, SD) patient age was 80.6 (7.7) years. The majority (n = 21, 67.7%) preferred N-ICE CREAM. Mean compliance to N-ICE CREAM was greater in both groups (group A (n = 22) 69.9 (30.0)% and group B (n = 26) 56.3 (39.3)%) compared to milkshake ONS (group A (n = 22) 43.4 (4.7)% and group B (n = 26) 53.6 ± (40.2)%). Mean acceptability ratings were higher for N-ICE CREAM, thus the overall impression score was greater. Confidence score for both products decreased with increasing time.ConclusionsN-ICE CREAM is more accepted by older patients with hip or spine fractures compared to milkshake ONS. Further research should explore long-term compliance and clinical outcomes.
Cost-benefits and environmental impact of the no-biopsy approach for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults
Authors: Shiha Mohamed G , Nandi Nicoletta , Hutchinson Andrew J , Raju Suneil A , Tai Foong Way David , Elli Luca , Penny Hugo A , Sanders David Surendran 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveRecent evidence suggests that adult patients with IgA tissue transglutaminase levels of ≥10× the upper limit of normal could be accurately diagnosed with coeliac disease without undergoing endoscopy and biopsy. We aimed to evaluate the cost-benefits and the environmental impact of implementing the no-biopsy approach for diagnosing coeliac disease in clinical practice.DesignWe calculated the overall direct and indirect costs of the conventional serology-biopsy approach and the no-biopsy approach for the diagnosis of coeliac disease based on the national average unit costs and the Office of National Statistics data. We further estimated the environmental impact of avoiding endoscopy based on the estimated greenhouse gas emissions from endoscopy.ResultsApproximately 3000 endoscopies for suspected coeliac disease could be avoided each year in the UK. Implementing the no-biopsy approach for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adults could save the National Health Service over £2.5 million in direct and indirect costs per annum and reduce endoscopy carbon footprint by 87 tonnes of CO2per year, equivalent to greenhouse gas emissions from driving 222 875 miles, carbon emissions from charging over 10 million smartphones and the carbon sequestrated by 1438 trees grown for 10 years.ConclusionThe implementation of this non-invasive green approach could be an essential first step in the ‘Reduce’ strategy advocated by the British Society of Gastroenterology and other international endoscopy societies for sustainable endoscopy practice.
Magnetic dipole moments of bottom-charm baryons in light-cone QCD
Authors: Özdem Ulaş 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe magnetic dipole moments of the doubly-heavy baryons include significant data on their inner structure and geometric shape. Moreover, understanding the electromagnetic properties of doubly-heavy baryons is the key to confinement and heavy flavor effects. Inspired by this, we extract the magnetic dipole moments of the spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

bottom-charm baryons utilizing the QCD light-cone sum rule with considering the distribution amplitudes of the photon. The magnetic dipole moments are obtained as $$\mu _{\Xi _{bc}^{+}} = -0.50^{+0.14}_{-0.12}~\mu _{N}$$

μ

Ξ

bc

+

=
-
0
.

50

-
0.12

+
0.14

μ
N

, $$\mu _{\Xi _{bc}^{0}} = 0.39^{+0.06}_{-0.05}~\mu _{N}$$

μ

Ξ

bc

0

=
0
.

39

-
0.05

+
0.06

μ
N

and $$\mu _{\Omega _{bc}^{0}} = 0.38^{+0.05}_{-0.04} ~\mu _{N}$$

μ

Ω

bc

0

=
0
.

38

-
0.04

+
0.05

μ
N

, $$\mu _{\Xi _{bc}^{\prime +}} = 0.57^{+0.13}_{-0.12}~\mu _{N}$$

μ

Ξ

bc

′
+

=
0
.

57

-
0.12

+
0.13

μ
N

, $$\mu _{\Xi _{bc}^{\prime 0}} =-0.29^{+0.07}_{-0.06}~\mu _{N}$$

μ

Ξ

bc

′
0

=
-
0
.

29

-
0.06

+
0.07

μ
N

and $$\mu _{\Omega _{bc}^{\prime 0}} = -0.26^{+0.06}_{-0.05}~\mu _{N}$$

μ

Ω

bc

′
0

=
-
0
.

26

-
0.05

+
0.06

μ
N

. Comparing the results obtained on the magnetic dipole moments of the $$\Omega ^{(\prime )0}_{bc}$$

Ω

bc

(
′
)
0

baryon with those of the $$\Xi ^{(\prime )0}_{bc}$$

Ξ

bc

(
′
)
0

baryon, the U-symmetry is minimally broken. We have compared our results with other theoretical predictions that could be a useful complementary tool for the interpretation of the doubly-heavy baryon sector, and we observe that they are not in mutual agreement with each other.
Schwinger poles of the three-gluon vertex: symmetry and dynamics
Authors: Aguilar A. C. , Ferreira M. N. , Oliveira B. M. , Papavassiliou J. , Santos L. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe implementation of the Schwinger mechanism endows gluons with a nonperturbative mass through the formation of special massless poles in the fundamental QCD vertices; due to their longitudinal character, these poles do not cause divergences in on-shell amplitudes, but induce detectable effects in the Green’s functions of the theory. Particularly important in this theoretical setup is the three-gluon vertex, whose pole content extends beyond the minimal structure required for the generation of a gluon mass. In the present work we analyze these additional pole patterns by means of two distinct, but ultimately equivalent, methods: the Slavnov–Taylor identity satisfied by the three-gluon vertex, and the nonlinear Schwinger–Dyson equation that governs the dynamical evolution of this vertex. Our analysis reveals that the Slavnov–Taylor identity imposes strict model-independent constraints on the associated residues, preventing them from vanishing. Approximate versions of these constraints are subsequently recovered from the Schwinger–Dyson equation, once the elements responsible for the activation of the Schwinger mechanism have been duly incorporated. The excellent coincidence between the two approaches exposes a profound connection between symmetry and dynamics, and serves as a nontrivial self-consistency test of this particular mass generating scenario.