bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Second Creation
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Summer of 2002 , in northern Italy, a group of three scientists and a philosopher agreed to create a new form of life. The four were old friends, buddies, and during the course of an annual reunion they realized that at this precise stage of their respective careers each of them wanted to be working on some important, ambitious, and challenging new project.
So they decided they would create life. Not a simulation of life. Not an imitation of life. Not fake life. Rather, real life, a genuinely new living entity, albeit one not based on biology and not made out of the customary biological ingredients: no DNA, no conventional biomolecules, no cell membrane of the ordinary type, no nucleus, no mitochondria, no endoplasmic reticulum or any of the other innumerable vital trappings of normal, orthodox biological cells.
The Spandrels of San Marco
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unlike The Question of life’ s origins, which was a scientific free-for-all, the problem of how life evolved, once it arose, had a single, relatively well-defined, largely understood, and factually well-established solution. Indeed, the theory of evolution by natural selection was one of the most successful and unassailable explanatory schemas in the history of science, perhaps even in the history of thought. This was all the more surprising considering what the theory was designed to explain, which was, basically, all of life. If there was anything that was immediately obvious about life, it was that it existed in great profusion and almost infinite variety. There were plants, animals, microorganisms. Reptiles, mammals, amphibians, fishes. Insects, worms, algae, mosses, molds, and mushrooms.
The Twilight Zone
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It Became Apparent in the last few decades that what unaided nature could achieve over aeons through evolution by natural selection, scientists could accomplish at a much faster rate by manipulating the genes themselves. There were two quite distinct ways of doing this, however: an indirect, “natural” method and a direct, “artificial” one. The “natural” method, employed throughout most of human history, including the present, operated on whole organisms and was practiced in the barnyard, greenhouse, farm, or vineyards— wherever people crossbred animals or plants for specific desired traits. That kind of indirect genetic modification had been going on for such a long period on such a vast scale and was performed on such a wide variety of plants and animals, including dogs, horses, cows, flowers, vegetables, fruits, and other flora and fauna, that few people ever gave it a second thought.
The Synthetic Cell Turing Test
Authors: Regis ED 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By May 2006, a year after my visits to ProtoLife s.r.l. at Parco Vega in Marghera, the ECLT at the Palazzo Giovanelli in Venice, and the Fraunhofer Institute Schloss Birlinghoven near Bonn, a few changes had taken place across the protocell landscapes of Europe and America.
John McCaskill, the leader of the PACE consortium, who had been at the Fraunhofer Institute since 2003, had moved back to the Ruhr University Bochum. Some two years after he’ d arrived in Bonn, the Schloss Birlinghoven branch of the Fraunhofer Institute had modified its institutional orientation to focus more on applied, maturing technologies, whereas McCaskill’ s project was decidedly still in the basic, pureresearch mode, and so there was no longer a strict consanguinity of interests between the two more prestigious science grants to emerge from the European Union in recent years.
Research and Education in Integrative Pediatrics
Authors: Vohra Sunita , Dryden Trish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research and education opportunities in pediatric integrative medicine abound. Collaboration between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and conventional providers, researchers, and educators may yield the greatest potential to ensure public safety, improve health, and increase the availability of qualified and knowledgeable CAM and conventional health care practitioners in pediatric integrative medicine.
A Pediatric Perspective on Energy Therapies
Authors: Ott Mary Jane , Bossi Larraine , Colbath Jeanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fe National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) lists energy healing as one of the five major “domains” (categories) of complementary and alternative therapies. Fe ability to learn and use energy healing is a natural human potential that can be actualized by anyone who has the desire and intent to learn and practice it.
A Pediatric Perspective on Osteopathic Medicine
Authors: Carine Ali , Mills Miriam , Frymann Viola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Osteopathic medicine, as founded by A.T. Still, has developed into a comprehensive, integrative approach to medicine. Doctors of osteopathic medicine (DO) apply the principles of osteopathy across all medical specialties. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function.
Integrative Pediatric Gastroenterology
Authors: Banez Gerard A , Steffen Rita 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are increasingly conceptualized from a bio psychosocial perspective, which acknowledges the reciprocal influences of multiple physiological, psychological, and environmental factors and their interactions along the central nervous system/enteric nervous system or “brain-gut” axis.
Integrative Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Steinhorn David M , Wang Sheila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Care on pediatric intensive care units (PICU) has evolved based upon two overarching principles: (i) the best care is provided by a multidisciplinary team incorporating the expertise of many allied medical arts in an open and mutually respectful manner and (ii) the focus of care is the patient (child) and his/her family with the assumption that the family will be the child’s greatest source of strength and support.
Integrative Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Rosen Lawrence D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Primary care is collaboration between healthcare providers and families. Communication is key to success. Fe medical home paradigm provides a framework for integrative primary care. Primary care should focus on the promotion of wellness. Common problems during infancy, like colic, atopy, and ear infections, are best addressed from an evidence-guided integrative perspective and offer opportunities to promote wellness and healing concepts.
Sex/Gender Transitions and Life-Changing Aspirations
Authors: Overall Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The issue in which I am interested is a broad metaphysical one: how to understand the metaphysics of changing from woman to man or man to woman. Who or what is changed, and who or what remains the same? How, if at all, do these changes affect personal identity? In this essay, I use the general term “trans” to refer to individuals who go through changes from man to woman or woman to man, deliberately glossing over the differences among transgendered and transsexual individuals. Here I am indebted to the work of Bobby Noble, who writes, “The pedantic distinction between ‘transgender’ and ‘transsexual’ cannot hold, especially for female to male transsexual men for whom surgeries are always already incomplete.” Noble therefore uses “the prefix ‘trans-’ to signify subjectivities where bodies are at odds with gender presentation, regardless of whether that mis-alignment is self-evident in conventional ways or not” (Noble 2006, 102 n. 2).
Artifice and Authenticity Gender Technology and Agency in Two Jenny Saville Portraits
Authors: Meyers Diana Tietjens 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Taking this deft self-description as a point of departure, I reflect as a feminist philosopher on feminist artist Jenny Saville’s portrait of its author, Del LaGrace Volcano, together with a Saville self-portrait as a cosmetic surgery patient.1 In this study of Matrix (1999, oil on canvas, seven feet by ten feet) and Plan (1993, oil on canvas, nine feet by seven feet), I analyze how Saville’s artistic practice conveys differential agency in these two paintings and draws out the implications of these findings for the philosophy of personal identity and action.
Grappling with a Worldwide Web
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Deep concerns were raised anew before the turn of the century. Were the phylogenetic patterns discerned by 16S RNA reflections of the one true course of organismal evolution? Were the three domains and the taxonomy of the universal tree of life discoveries of natural kinds? Or were they merely artifacts of the techniques used to discern them, and prejudices in the interpretation thereof? These doubts arose in the context of genomics with evidence indicating that lateral gene transfer (LGT) among bacteria was far more extensive than phylogeneticists had generally imagined.
The Rationality of Aesthetic Value Judgments
Authors: Slote Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Philosophers, aestheticians, and others have often wondered whether one can ever make reasonable or objective aesthetic, or other, value judgments. Many have thought that one could, but many others have believed that in the fine arts (at least) de gustibus non est disputandum, have believed that when one judges a work of art— whether of poetry, music, literature, or sculpture—to be beautiful (good, subtle, or masterful) or to be more beautiful (good, subtle, or masterful) than some other work of art, one is not saying anything that can be objectively confirmed, verified, or supported in the way that claims in science and mathematics are. And, of course, such people have also held that similar judgments about or comparisons between artists, authors, composers, etc., are equally incapable of rational or objective support or confirmation.
Morality and Ignorance
Authors: Slote Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this essay, I shall attempt to establish a philosophically interesting connection between obligation and valid morality, on the one hand, and (not) acting out of ignorance, on the other.* Consider the following formal principle:
The above principle expresses, in a rough way, the particular connection between morality and ignorance that I shall argue for. I believe that it constitutes a valid formal condition on the validity (or truth) of a certain class of moral principles, and is in part constitutive of our common sense of morality.
Introduction
Authors: Buchanan Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume collects ten essays, written over a period of nearly three decades, on some of the most fundamental issues concerning justice and health care. Although they deal with a wide range of topics, from the nature of the right to health care to the role of physicians in health-care systems, there is a surprising degree of unity among the essays, resulting from the author’s growing awareness of the need to move from a consideration of abstract theories of justice to a more empirically informed ethical analysis that takes seriously the fact that health care is complex institutionalized activity.
Specifying The Content of The Human Right to Health Care
Authors: Hessler Kristen , Buchanan Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent writing on the human right to health care is characterized by two trends. First, human rights scholars and health professionals emphasize that health is a complex good, promoted and protected by much more than services provided by medical professionals. This has prompted recognition that the human right to health care is not confined to entitlements to medical care alone. Second, and relatedly, some writers have attempted to delineate a universal, determinate standard defining the precise scope and content of the human right to health care (Toebes 1999). We argue in this chapter that, whereas the first trend is an important step forward, the second is misguided.
The Problem of Global Justice
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We do not live in a just world. This may be the least controversial claim one could make in political theory. But it is much less clear what, if anything, justice on a world scale might mean, or what the hope for justice should lead us to want in the domain of international or global institutions and in the policies of states that are in a position to affect the world order. By comparison with the perplexing and undeveloped state of this subject, domestic political theory is very well understood, with multiple highly developed theories offering alternative solutions to well defined problems. By contrast, concepts and theories of global justice are in the early stages of formation, and it is not clear what the main questions are, let alone the main possible answers. I believe that the need for workable ideas about the global or international case presents political theory with its most important current task, and even perhaps with the opportunity to make a practical contribution in the long run—though perhaps only the very long run.
Wiggins on Human Solidarity
Authors: Nagel Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Ethics David Wiggins sets out to describe morality as a human phenomenon in a way that avoids the unreality he finds in most contemporary ethical theory. “What a fully grown-up moral philosophy might attempt,” he says, is an account of morality that embraces the full gamut of moral predications, seeing them as mutually irreducible and mutually indispensable, allowing no primacy to character traits or virtues or practices or acts or states of affairs—or allowing primacy to all at once. Such a philosophy being neither consequentialist nor virtue-centred, might take on some of the subtlety of the moral phenomena themselves and of our moral deliverances upon them. Wiggins resists without difficulty the common philosophical urge to seek understanding in simplicity and generality, and to unify morality under a single governing principle or value. He is especially opposed to consequentialist theories, which hold that the only things that matter for morality, ultimately, are better and worse overall outcomes, and to utilitarianism, the form of consequentialism that says the only outcomes that matter are pleasure and pain, or happiness and unhappiness.
The Schiavo Maelstrom’s Potential Impact on the Law of End-of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Cerminara Kathy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than 15 years elapsed between the date Theresa Marie Schiavo suffered a cardiac arrest, leaving her in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) because of brain damage, and the date she took her last breath. The conflict between her parents and her husband regarding her medical care lasted for more than 11 of those 15 years. The litigation over her care lasted for more than 6. It is difficult to keep track of the multiple court cases filed in Schiavo, let alone to pinpoint the highlights of their many twists and turns. It is possible, however, to trace the way Schiavo developed by examining the statutes and cases governing end-of-life decision making in Florida. In addition, it may be possible to predict how Schiavo will affect the law of end-of-life decision making, both in Florida and nationally or even internationally. Schiavo’s lingering effects will be bitter and may leave important rights of self-determination and privacy battered, much as hurricanes ripping through Florida leave her shores.
Crossing the Borderlands at Nightfall: New Issues in Moral Philosophy and Faith at the End of Life
Authors: Zoloth Laurie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There was a time in the spring of 2005, the week of Passover and Easter, as it happened, when all there was to talk about was the case of Mrs. Terri Schiavo. We spoke about her as if we knew her, casually calling her “Terri” and arguing about her marriage and how her mother touched her face, as if it were our business (which, of course, if you were a bioethicist, it oddly was), her image cast before our gaze on 24-hour news shows, on pop talk shows. It was on the TV in the airport, on the front page of every newspaper. It was on TV when I checked into a tiny motel in North Carolina, and the nightshift desk clerk and I, the Baptist and the Jewish traveler, watched for hours on the night that the United States Congress debated the issue, improbably, into the early morning. We saw brain scans that were posted (HIPAA rules notwithstanding) on the Internet. We talked about advance directives and surrogates with strangers on elevators and checkout lines and, suddenly, the obscuranta of bioethics was vividly displayed: this idea that families could withdraw treatment and allow their loved ones to die was a staple of our work, but here we were, with the entire process broken down, failed, on national television, and the idea itself was challenged.
Terri Schiavo and Televised News: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Black Robert M Walker Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early years of the Terri Schiavo case, there was little to distinguish it from earlier cases that had made their way into courts across the country. The issue of tube feeding patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) had already been addressed by a number of state courts, including Florida’s Supreme Court. The tube feeding issue was also at the center of the U.S. Supreme Court case involving Nancy Cruzan. Indeed, the Schiavo case mirrored the Cruzan case in many respects. Both cases involved young married women who suffered anoxic encephalopathy; both were left in a PVS; neither had an advance directive; and both cases involved deciding whether to discontinue tube feeding. In addition, both women came from Catholic families, and both had parents who were actively involved in their legal cases. The only difference seems to have been that Nancy Cruzan’s parents fought to have their daughter’s feeding tube removed, while Terri Schiavo’s parents struggled to keep their daughter’s tube in place.
Caveats Enough in their Own Walks
Authors: Hill Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AN apophthegm of Cicero claims that it is an error of judgement for statesmen to think and act as if they were living ‘in Platonis π ο λ └ ┬ and not ‘in Romuli face’. Bacon, in The Advancement of Learning, and Clarendon in his portrayal of Lord Falkland find it apposite to their didactic purposes, as docs Pound in his sixty-fifth Canto. Bacon concedes that it may be a fault of ‘learned men’ to ‘contend sometimes too farre, to bring thinges to perfection; and to reduce the corruption of manners, to honcstie of precepts, or examples of too great height’. Yet, as he says, ‘they haue Caueats ynough in their owne walkes’. Clarendon records that Falkland’s friends ‘did believe that he was of a temper and composition fitter to lyve in Republica Platonis then in face Romuli; but this rigidnesse was only exercised towards himselfe, towards his frends infirmityes no man was more indulgent’. Between the self-imposed sanctions of a vulnerable ‘rigidnesse’ and the magnanimous tolerance for what Clarendon terms ‘the common practice of men’ the ethical terrain is ill defined but negotiable. One may distinguish broadly between those authors who, while concurring with Bacon’s ‘Caueats ynough in their owne walkes’, none the less treat the caveat itself as one of many pertinent commonplaces and those whose concurrence is embodied in the contexturc of the style itself.
The Structure of Ulysses and the Experience of Time
Authors: Kumar Udaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Proteus’ is dominated by the mode of interior monologue. In the passage cited above, the ‘closing of the eyes’ functions as a transition, as an opening to the world of interior experience. This world obeys a different logic for its articulation compared to the narrative that views events and objects from outside. The connections between the sentences here are associational. ‘I am, a stride at a time’ leads to ‘A very short space of time through very short times of space.’ The use of the word ‘time’ in these two sentences is not exactly identical. In the first, it forms part of the phrase ‘at a time’. But it is disengaged from that context and made the topic of general philosophical reflection in the next sentence. This kind of associational connection is not peculiar to Stephen’s monologues.
Ulysses and the Notion of the Sign
Authors: Kumar Udaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a fundamental ambiguity about the sign that Joyce manipulates throughout his fiction. It can be described in two ways: (i) by pointing to the function of the sign, and (2) by pointing to its origin. If one describes the ambiguity in terms of function, it can be characterized as a tension between the denotative and the expressive; in terms of origin it is a tension between the public and the private. The sign could represent something in accordance with the public discursive context into which it is inserted. At the same time, it could be expressive of a private intention at variance with the public context of enunciation.
Art, Language, and Tradition: Some Remarks On ‘Proteus’ and Joyce’s Aesthetic Theories
Authors: Kumar Udaya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The image of Proteus invokes an opposition between appearance and truth. One learns from the Homeric analogue that Menelaus, to learn the truth concerning his future, both worldly and other-worldly, had to capture Proteus and hold him fast while the old sea-god went through all forms of appearances. The Protean transformations, for Stephen, signify the perennial flux of the objects of perception. They constitute ‘the ineluctable modality of the visible’. It is nearing noon-time when the world of vision is most accessible and most displayful in its variety. And it is also at noon-time that the old sea-god comes to laze in the sun. Against this realm of appearance and change, against this realm of sensible intuition, is contrasted the realm of concepts, knowledge, and truth. We know from Stephen’s history about his Aristotelianism, about his ‘penny worth of Thomist wisdom’. Concepts and theories of form point towards a search for an immutable truth, something permanent and unchanging under the surface of changing appearances.
If This Be Not a Good King
Authors: Gasper Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If King James was the ‘Dego of Diuels’, Dekker’s If This Be Not A Good Play, The Devil Is In It (written c. 1611, printed 1612) offers some explanation of how that might have come about. The known source-material for this play is rather scant, and its most important source is in contemporary events. Jones-Davies noted that it draws on the old tale of Friar Rush and it may possibly also have been influenced by Machiavelli’s story Belfagor (or Belphegor), which had been translated into English by Barnabe Riche and printed in 1581. But Dekker has extended the idea to cover Court and City as well as Church, and so most of the plot is original.
The Nature of the Comic Drama
Authors: Hume Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Good many attempts to characterize Restoration comedy have been produced in the last sixty years. Amidst the welter of contradictory opinion, the basic puzzle remains: what sorts of plays are these? We need to determine what subjects the plays have, how the dramatists utilize their materials, and toward what ends. As a beginning, we can usefully do two things: survey recent characterizations, and analyse some key plays. We will find that although the comedies are quite formulaic, there are too many variables to allow rigorous classification. Nonetheless, we can readily identify the basic modes favoured during any given part of the period. The dramatists ring a wide variety of changes on these types, and the results, when considered all together, look like chaos. But by returning to elementary questions and attending to chronology, the Gordian knot can be circumvented, if not cut or untied.