bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalisation and mortality among privately insured individuals with COVID‐19 in the United States: The role of intellectual disabilities and Neurogenetic disorders
Authors: Davis A. , Copeland‐Linder N. , Phuong K. , Belcher H. , van Eck K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and neurogenetic conditions (IDNDs) are at greater risk for comorbidities that may increase adverse outcomes for this population when they have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The study aims are to examine the population‐level odds of hospitalisation and mortality of privately insured individuals with COVID‐19 with and without IDNDs IDs, controlling for sociodemographics and comorbid health conditions.MethodsThis is a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 1174 individuals with IDs and neurogenetic conditions within a population of 752 237 de‐identified, privately insured, US patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 between February 2020 and September 2020. Odds of hospitalisation and mortality among COVID‐19 patients with IDNDs adjusted for demographic characteristics, Health Resources and Services Administration region, states with Affordable Care Act and number of comorbid health conditions were analysed.ResultsPatients with IDNDs overall had higher rates of COVID‐19 hospitalisation than those without IDNDs (35.01% vs. 12.65%, P < .0001) and had higher rates of COVID‐19 mortality than those without IDNDs (4.94% vs. .88%, P < .0001). Adjusting for sociodemographic factors only, the odds of being hospitalised for COVID‐19 associated with IDNDs was 4.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.56–4.61]. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity count, the odds of hospitalisation for COVID‐19 associated with IDNDs was 1.42 (95% CI 1.25–1.61). The odds of mortality from COVID‐19 for individuals with IDNDs adjusted for sociodemographic factors only was 4.65 (95% CI 3.47–6.24). The odds of mortality from COVID‐19 for patients with IDNDs adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity count was 2.70 (95% CI 2.03–3.60). A major finding of the study was that even when considering the different demographic structure and generally higher disease burden of patients with IDNDs, having a IDND was an independent risk factor for increased hospitalisation and mortality compared with patients without IDNDs.ConclusionsIndividuals with IDNDs had significantly higher odds of hospitalisation and mortality after adjusting for sociodemographics. Results remained significant with a slight attenuation after adjusting for sociodemographics and comorbidities. Adjustments for comorbidity count demonstrated a dose–response increase in odds of both hospitalisation and mortality, illustrating the cumulative effect of health concerns on COVID‐19 outcomes. Together, findings highlight that individuals with IDNDs experience vulnerability for negative COVID‐19 health outcomes with implications for access to comprehensive healthcare.
Mass spectrometry imaging highlights dynamic patterns of lipid co‐expression with Aβ plaques in mouse and human brains
Authors: Huang Helen Xuexia , Inglese Paolo , Tang Jiabin , Yagoubi Riad , Correia Gonçalo D. S. , Horneffer‐van der Sluis Verena M. , Camuzeaux Stephane , Wu Vincen , Kopanitsa Maksym V. , Willumsen Nanet , Jackson Johanna S. , Barron Anna M. , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Gentlemen Steve , Takats Zoltan , Matthews Paul M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLipids play crucial roles in the susceptibility and brain cellular responses to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are increasingly considered potential soluble biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. To delineate the pathological correlations of distinct lipid species, we conducted a comprehensive characterization of both spatially localized and global differences in brain lipid composition in AppNL‐G‐F mice with spatial and bulk mass spectrometry lipidomic profiling, using human amyloid‐expressing (h‐Aβ) and WT mouse brains controls. We observed age‐dependent increases in lysophospholipids, bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphates, and phosphatidylglycerols around Aβ plaques in AppNL‐G‐F mice. Immunohistology‐based co‐localization identified associations between focal pro‐inflammatory lipids, glial activation, and autophagic flux disruption. Likewise, in human donors with varying Braak stages, similar studies of cortical sections revealed co‐expression of lysophospholipids and ceramides around Aβ plaques in AD (Braak stage V/VI) but not in earlier Braak stage controls. Our findings in mice provide evidence of temporally and spatially heterogeneous differences in lipid composition as local and global Aβ‐related pathologies evolve. Observing similar lipidomic changes associated with pathological Aβ plaques in human AD tissue provides a foundation for understanding differences in CSF lipids with reported clinical stage or disease severity.image
Nationwide status of progestogen treatment to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: A questionnaire survey for childbirth healthcare facilities in Japan
Authors: Kawabata Ikuno , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Yoneda Satoshi , Oi Rie , Matsuda Yoshio , Nakai Akihito , Otsuki Katsufumi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the current status of progestogen treatment for pregnant women at a high risk for preterm birth (PTB) in childbirth healthcare facilities in Japan.MethodsA web‐based nationwide questionnaire survey regarding progestogen use for prevention of PTB was conducted among childbirth healthcare facilities from 2019 to 2021.ResultsValid responses were obtained from 528 facilities (25.2% of those surveyed), including 155 tertiary perinatal facilities (making up 92.3% of all tertiary perinatal care facilities). In the survey period, progestogen treatment was implemented in 207 facilities (39.2%) for PTB prevention. Regarding types of progestogens, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate was used in 170 facilities (82.1%), with a low dose (125 mg/week) administered in 62.9% of the facilities to comply with the regulations of the national health insurance system, although 250 mg/week is considered the best dose. Vaginal progesterone was used in 36 facilities (17.4%), although the cost of vaginal progesterone was not covered by health insurance. Of the facilities not administering progestogen treatment, approximately 40% expressed that vaginal progesterone would be their first choice for PTB prevention in daily practice if it would be covered by health insurance in the future.ConclusionsDue to the current regulations of the Japanese health insurance system, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate, rather than vaginal progesterone, was mainly used for PTB prevention. Despite global evidence supporting vaginal progesterone as the approach with the highest efficacy, only a limited number of facilities have utilized it due to the current drug use regulations in Japan.
Inequitable Changes in School Connectedness During the Ongoing COVID‐19 Pandemic in a Cohort of Canadian Adolescents
Authors: Patte Karen A. , Gohari Mahmood R. , Faulkner Guy , Bélanger Richard E. , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined whether subgroups of adolescents experienced disparate changes in school connectedness—a robust predictor of multiple health outcomes—from before the COVID‐19 pandemic to the first full school year following pandemic onset.METHODSWe used 2 waves of prospective survey data from 7178 students attending 41 Canadian secondary schools that participated during the 2019‐2020 (T1; pre‐COVID‐19 onset) and 2020‐2021 (T2; ongoing pandemic) school years. Fixed effects analyses tested differences in school connectedness changes by gender, race, bullying victimization, socioeconomic position, and school learning mode.RESULTSRelatively greater declines in school connectedness were reported by students that identified as females, were bullied, perceived their family to be less financially comfortable than their classmates, and attended schools in lower income areas. Marginally greater school connectedness declines resulted among students attending schools that were fully online at T2 than those at schools using a blended model.CONCLUSIONResults point to disparate school connectedness declines during the pandemic, which may exacerbate pre‐existing health inequities by gender and socioeconomic position, and among bullied youth.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYEffective strategies to improve school climates for equity denied groups are critical for pandemic recovery and preparedness for future related events.
Impact of corn silage or corn silage plus protein supplementation on the ingestive and rumination behaviours, ruminal fermentation characteristics and efficiency of grazing dairy cows
Authors: Rombach Markus , Schori Fredy , Dohme‐Meier Frigga , Südekum Karl‐Heinz , Münger Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study's objective was to compare two options of pasture supplementation: corn silage (CS) alone or corn silage mixed with protein concentrate. The experiment was conducted with 18 lactating Holstein cows in mid‐lactation in a crossover design that included three treatments and three data collection periods. All cows had access to pasture for 17 h/day with an average herbage allowance of 16 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day and were offered in‐barn corn silage, corn silage mixed with protein concentrate, or no supplementation. Cows were equipped with pH sensors residing in the reticulum and, during the 7‐day data collection periods, with a jaw movement recorder. Nonsupplemented cows produced 21.3 kg energy‐corrected milk (ECM) and ate 13.3 kg DM herbage at pasture. Cows supplemented with corn silage and corn silage plus protein produced 2.5 and 4.5 kg/day more ECM, respectively, consumed 3.4 and 3.3 kg/day more DM in total, respectively, ate for a shorter period of time, and ruminated longer than their nonsupplemented peers. Supplemented cows were almost able to cover their energy requirements and mobilised less body mass in contrast to the nonsupplemented cows. Cows offered corn silage plus protein showed increased ECM production, increased milk urea content and lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) compared to cows supplemented with corn silage only. Nonsupplemented dairy cows had the highest milk urea content and performed worst in terms of NUE. The best feed conversion efficiency resulted from the nonsupplemented dairy cows and those supplemented with corn silage plus protein. In nonsupplemented cows, the high feed conversion efficiency seemed to be due to the increased mobilisation of body mass. As a result of the starch‐rich supplementations, the ruminal acetic:propionic acid ratio became smaller, and the proportions of n‐butyric acid increased. The mean reticular pH values did not substantially vary across the three feeding treatments. For the choice of a supplementation option, herbage allowance and cost of supplement will have to be considered, but aspects of feed–food competition as well as animal welfare should not be ignored.
Development of the Engagement with Beauty Scale‐Revised, Japanese Version (EBS‐R‐J), and Confirmation of its Validity and Reliability
Authors: Liu Jingni , Diessner Rhett , Fukushima Hirokata 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAppreciation of beauty is an ability to find, recognize, and emotionally respond to beauty. It is often considered to be associated with several psychological fields, such as forms of the good life, love, transcendence, and exploration. The Engagement with Beauty Scale‐Revised (EBS‐R) is one of the most comprehensive scales for measuring the beauty appreciation trait. In this study, we have developed the Japanese version of this scale (EBS‐R‐J) and confirmed its reliability and validity through two surveys conducted in Japan. Specifically, this study has not only validated the original four‐factor structure of the EBS‐R‐J, but also revealed an alternative five‐factor model. Both models had satisfactory internal consistency estimates for the total score and subscales, had verified concurrent validity through examining correlations with the Aesthetic Emotions Scale (AESTHEMOS), had verified known‐groups validity by comparing the scores of the EBS‐R‐J between groups of art‐experienced and art‐inexperienced individuals, and confirmed the temporal reliability of the EBS‐R‐J by means of correlation coefficients for a 4‐week interval for the total score and each subscale score. In conclusion, the EBS‐R‐J developed in this study has relatively satisfactory reliability and validity, indicating that it represents a valid measure of the trait of beauty appreciation in the Japanese language.
Tetraether archaeal lipids promote long‐term survival in extreme conditions
Authors: Liman Geraldy Lie Stefanus , Garcia Andy A. , Fluke Kristin A. , Anderson Hayden R. , Davidson Sarah C. , Welander Paula V. , Santangelo Thomas J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sole unifying feature of the incredibly diverse Archaea is their isoprenoid‐based ether‐linked lipid membranes. Unique lipid membrane composition, including an abundance of membrane‐spanning tetraether lipids, impart resistance to extreme conditions. Many questions remain, however, regarding the synthesis and modification of tetraether lipids and how dynamic changes to archaeal lipid membrane composition support hyperthermophily. Tetraether membranes, termed glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), are generated by tetraether synthase (Tes) by joining the tails of two bilayer lipids known as archaeol. GDGTs are often further specialized through the addition of cyclopentane rings by GDGT ring synthase (Grs). A positive correlation between relative GDGT abundance and entry into stationary phase growth has been observed, but the physiological impact of inhibiting GDGT synthesis has not previously been reported. Here, we demonstrate that the model hyperthermophile Thermococcus kodakarensis remains viable when Tes (TK2145) or Grs (TK0167) are deleted, permitting phenotypic and lipid analyses at different temperatures. The absence of cyclopentane rings in GDGTs does not impact growth in T. kodakarensis, but an overabundance of rings due to ectopic Grs expression is highly fitness negative at supra‐optimal temperatures. In contrast, deletion of Tes resulted in the loss of all GDGTs, cyclization of archaeol, and loss of viability upon transition to the stationary phase in this model archaea. These results demonstrate the critical roles of highly specialized, dynamic, isoprenoid‐based lipid membranes for archaeal survival at high temperatures.
Hearing God
Authors: Ward Graham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis essay attempts to address a simple question: what does it mean to hear God? So much hangs upon learning something about hearing God: revelation, salvation, formation, vocation and mission, for example. What is the relationship then between hearing and knowing God? Before examining two particular passages from the Scriptures in which hearing and knowing coincide (the calling of Samuel and God the Father speaking to Jesus the Son), I offer a sketch of a phenomenology of hearing; a phenomenological reduction of sound or, more specifically, voice. As an event, sound summons through and across several biological systems. So, it is an anthropology of reception and response which is paramount here. Having, then, examined the two Scriptural passages in the light of this phenomenology, I draw attention to an underlying mimetic irony that is ineradicable with respect to hearing God in the Scriptures: the play of the vocal within the written, aurality/orality and textuality. I conclude that, while this mimetic irony is a key characteristic of a sacred text, recognising persona as ‘sounding through’ we can appreciate Scripture's role in salvation as a participation in the Persona Christi.
Maternal mental health disorders and offspring asthma and allergic diseases: The role of child mental health
Authors: Brew Bronwyn K. , Gong Tong , Ohlin Emma , Hedman Anna M. , Larsson Henrik , Curman Philip , Lundholm Cecilia , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaternal psychological stress during pregnancy and postnatally has been shown to be associated with offspring atopic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis). The aim of this study was to assess whether this association may be attributable to the child's own mental health disorders.MethodThe study population included 15,092 twin children born 2002–2010 in Sweden. Questionnaire data at age 9 years was linked to national patient‐ and prescription registers. Maternal mental health during pregnancy and 3 years postnatally were identified from diagnosis and medication data (depression, anxiety and stress disorders). Atopic diseases in children were identified from questionnaires, diagnosis and medication data. Child mental health status (depression and anxiety) was identified from questionnaires. Three‐way decomposition methods tested for mediation or interaction by child mental health disorders.ResultsMaternal mental health disorders were associated with most child atopic diseases including asthma aRR1.36 (95% CI 1.12, 1.60), and child mental health disorders, aRR1.73 (95% CI 1.56, 1.92). Children with mental health disorders were comorbid for atopic diseases with only asthma reaching statistical significance, aRR1.29 (95% CI 1.14, 1.47). Three‐way decomposition found that mediation or interaction by child mental health disorders did not account for the mother mental health and child atopy associations except in parent‐report asthma, where child mental health disorders mediated 13.4% (95% CI 2.1, 24.7) of the effect, but not for objectively defined (diagnosis and medication) asthma.ConclusionThe associations between maternal mental health and child asthma and allergic diseases do not appear to be attributable to child mental health disorders.
Comparative analysis of defensive secondary metabolites in wild teosinte and cultivated maize under flooding and herbivory stress
Authors: Mleziva Aaron D. , Ngumbi Esther N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change is driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of abiotic and biotic stress factors, negatively impacting plant development and agricultural productivity. To survive, plants respond by inducing changes in below and aboveground metabolism with concomitant alterations in defensive secondary metabolites. While plant responses to the isolated stresses of flooding and insect herbivory have been extensively studied, much less is known about their response in combination. Wild relatives of cultivated plants with robust stress tolerance traits provide an excellent system for comparing how diverse plant species respond to combinatorial stress, and provide insight into potential germplasms for stress‐tolerant hybrids. In this study, we compared the below and aboveground changes in the secondary metabolites of maize (Zea mays) and a flood‐tolerant wild relative Nicaraguan teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis) in response to flooding, insect herbivory, and their combination. Root tissue was analyzed for changes in belowground metabolism. Leaf total phenolic content and headspace volatile organic compound emission were analyzed for changes in aboveground secondary metabolism. Results revealed significant differences in the root metabolome profiles of teosinte and maize. Notably, the accumulation of the flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, and luteolin during flooding and herbivory differentiated teosinte from maize. Aboveground, terpenes, including trans‐α‐bergamotene and (E)‐4,8‐dimethylnona‐1,3,7‐triene, shaped compositional differences in their volatile profiles between flooding, herbivory, and their combination. Taken together, these results suggest teosinte may be more tolerant than maize due to dynamic metabolic changes during flooding and herbivory that help relieve stress and influence plant–insect interactions.
Pressure ulcer point prevalence, classification, locations, and preventive measures: Insights from a Norwegian nursing home survey
Authors: Anker‐Hansen Camilla , Grøndahl Vigdis Abrahamsen , Helgesen Ann Karin , Olsen Liv Berit , Rummelhoff Guri , Halvorsrud Liv , Bååth Carina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report data from a point pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence survey on prevalence, PU categories, locations and preventive interventions at one Norwegian nursing home.MethodsA cross‐sectional research design was used. One nursing home in Norway participated in the prevalence survey in 2020. The data were collected on one selected day. A total of 74 out of 88 residents (84.1%) participated. Descriptive statistical analyses were run.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PUs was 27% amongst all participants in the nursing home, who together had a total of 57 PUs categorised as category I–III. One major finding was that the most common site of the PUs was on the residents' toes. Interestingly, the prevalence of PUs in the residents' sacrum was considerably low. The most frequently used PU preventive interventions were foam chair cushions, nutritional supplements and pressure‐reducing heel protection.ConclusionThis study identified a high prevalence of PUs, predominantly on residents' toes. Although preventive strategies were implemented, their application appeared limited. Implementing obligatory care packages and annual nationwide PU surveys might be worth considering in municipalities.
Interior a priori estimates for supersolutions of fully nonlinear subelliptic equations under geometric conditions
Authors: Goffi Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this note, we prove interior a priori first‐ and second‐order estimates for solutions of fully nonlinear degenerate elliptic inequalities structured over the vector fields of Carnot groups, under the main assumption that is semiconvex along the fields. These estimates for supersolutions are new even for linear subelliptic inequalities in nondivergence form, whereas in the nonlinear setting they do not require neither convexity nor concavity on the second derivatives. We complement the analysis exhibiting an explicit example showing that horizontal regularity of Calderón–Zygmund type for fully nonlinear subelliptic equations posed on the Heisenberg group cannot be in general expected in the range , being the homogeneous dimension of the group.
A Graph-Based Technique for the Automated Control-Oriented Modeling of District Heating Networks
Authors: Blizard Audrey , Stockar Stephanie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Advanced control strategies for delivering heat to users in a district heating network have the potential to improve performance and reduce wasted energy. To enable the design of such controllers, this paper proposes an automated plant modeling framework that captures the relevant system dynamics, while being adaptable to any network configuration. Starting from the network topology and system parameters, the developed algorithm generates a state-space model of the system, relying on a graph-based technique to facilitate the combination of component models into a full network model. The accuracy of the approach is validated against experimental data collected from a laboratory-scale district heating network. The verification shows an acceptable average normalized root-mean-square error of 0.39 in the mass flow rates delivered to the buildings, and 0.15 in the network return temperature. Furthermore, the ability of the proposed modeling technique to rapidly generate models characterizing different network configurations is demonstrated through its application to topology optimization. The optimal design, obtained via a branch and bound algorithm, reduces network heat losses by 15% as compared to the conventional length-minimized topology.