bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated socioeconomic demographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System
Authors: Silas Vinson D , Pomat William , Jorry Ronny , Emori Rebecca , Maraga Seri , Kue Lydia , Berry Noel , Aga Tess , Luu Hung N , Ha Toan H , Okely Anthony D , Pham Bang N 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on global food security, but little is known about the impact on food security at the household level. We examined the prevalence and socioeconomic demographic factors for household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea.MethodsHousehold socioeconomic demographic data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System were collected from six main provinces in 2020 (37880 participants) and compared with the 2018 data (5749 participants). The prevalence of household food insecurity was estimated and stratified by household socioeconomic demographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to estimate adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CI of risk factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of household food insecurity increased from 11% in 2018 to 20% in 2020, but varied across provinces, with the highest level reported in Central Province (35%) and the lowest level in East New Britain Province (5%).Food shortages were 72% less likely among urban residents than those living in rural areas (aOR 0.28 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.36)). The risk of food insecurity was 53% higher among adults aged 25+ years with primary education (grades 3–8) than those with university education (aOR 1.53 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.13)). People from households in the poorest wealth quintiles were 80% more likely to report food shortage than those from the richest wealth quintile (aOR 1.78 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.45).ConclusionThe study provides evidence to develop policy and intervention to deal with food insecurity in emergency situations in the future.
A systematic review of the indirect impacts of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health services and outcomes in humanitarian settings
Authors: Singh Lucy , Abbas Sarah Mohammedahmed , Roberts Bayard , Thompson Niamh , Singh Neha S 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHumanitarian settings, particularly those in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), present increased sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges for individuals and health systems. Previous infectious disease outbreaks in such settings have negatively impacted SRH services and outcomes, as fragmented health systems are further overstretched. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the SRH challenges in LMIC humanitarian settings on an unprecedented scale. However, understanding of the impacts of COVID-19 is lacking. This review aimed to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted SRH service coverage, utilisation and outcomes in LMIC humanitarian settings, to inform current and future humanitarian research, programming and practice.MethodsA systematic review methodology was followed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting standards. Three search fields related to humanitarian settings, SRH and COVID-19 were applied, and limited to LMIC settings only. Three bibliographic databases and nine grey literature sources were searched. Articles meeting inclusion criteria at full-text screening were critically appraised using standardised tools. Data extraction was undertaken on included articles and analysed through narrative synthesis.ResultsIn total, 7742 citations were screened and 42 were included in the review. All included studies were cross-sectional. The quality was mostly medium to high. Narrative synthesis identified the reduced provision of, and access to, SRH services, and increased morbidity including sexual and gender-based violence and unplanned pregnancies. Impacts on service uptake varied across and within settings. Adaptations to improve SRH service access including telemedicine were reported; however, implementation was hindered by resource constraints.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has indirectly negatively impacted SRH at the individual and health system levels in LMIC humanitarian settings. Further research on the impacts on service uptake is required. SRH programmers should target interventions to meet the increased SRH needs identified. Policy-makers must incorporate SRH into emergency preparedness and response planning to mitigate indirect impacts on SRH in future outbreaks.
Elucidation of the needs for telecritical care services in Japan: a qualitative study
Authors: Morimoto Mizuki , Nawa Nobutoshi , Okada Eriko , Itsui Yasuhiro , Kashimada Ayako , Yamamoto Kouhei , Akaishi Yu , Yamawaki Masanaga 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo clarify the reasons for consultation, advice sought by frontline physicians and relationship between the patient’s pathology and the type of advice provided to guide the future development of telecritical care services.DesignSecondary analysis of transcripts of telephone calls originally recorded for quality control purposes was conducted using a thematic content analysis. The calls were conducted between December 2019 and April 2021 (total cases: 70; total time: ~15 hour).SettingsIntensivists provided consultation services to frontline physicians at secondary care institutions in the Kansai and Chubu regions.ParticipantsNon-intensive care frontline physicians working in five secondary care institutions in the Kansai and Chubu regions and intensivists providing a consultation service (n=26).InterventionsNot applicable.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome was the themes emerging from the language used during telephone and video consultations, indicating the gap filled by the telecritical care service.FindingsWe analysed 70 cases and approximately 15 hours of anonymised audio data. We identified the following reasons for consultation: ‘lack of competence in treatment and diagnostic testing’ and ‘lack of access to consultation in their own hospital’. Frontline physicians most often sought advice related to ‘treatment’, followed by ‘patient triage and transfer’, ‘diagnosis’ and ‘diagnostic testing and evaluation’. Regarding the relationship between the patient’s pathology and type of advice provided, the most commonly sought advice by frontline physicians varied based on the patient’s pathology.ConclusionThis study explored the characteristics of 70 telecritical sessions and identified the reasons for and nature of the consultations. These findings can be used to guide the future provision and scale up of telecritical services.
Health-related quality of life and its changes of the Tibetan population in China: based on the 2013 and 2018 National Health Services Surveys
Authors: Dou Lei , Shi Zhao , Cuomu Zhaxi , Zhuoga Cidan , Li Chaofan , Dawa Zhaxi , Li Shunping 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) was an important health outcome measure for evaluating an individual’s overall health status. However, there was limited in the literature on HRQoL and its long-term changes of the Tibetan population. This study aimed to assess HRQoL of Tibetan and its changes over time, and explore the differences in HRQoL for residents at different altitudes.DesignData for the cross-sectional study were extracted from the fifth and sixth waves of the National Health Services Surveys which were conducted in 2013 and 2018. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling strategy was used to select representative participants.SettingTibet Autonomous Region in China.ParticipantsThis study recruited 14 752 participants in 2013 and 13 106 participants in 2018, and after excluding observations with missing values for key variables, 10 247 in 2013 and 6436 in 2018 were included in the study analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe EQ-5D-3L was used to measure participants’ HRQoL.ResultsThe mean health state utility scores of the participants were 0.969±0.078 and 0.966±0.077 in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Pain/discomfort was the most frequently prevalent issue reported in 18.1% and 17.9% of the participants in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Tibetans living 3500–4000 m altitude had the best HRQoL. Age, sex, employment status, educational attainment, chronic disease and weekly physical exercise were influencing factors associated with HRQoL.ConclusionsThe HRQoL of the Tibetan population was lower than the general Chinese population, and decreased over time between 5 years. There were differences in HRQoL among Tibetan at different altitudes, with residents living at 3500–4000 m having the best quality of life. More attention should be paid to those Tibetans who are older, female, unemployed and without formal education.
Talking numbers: how women and providers use risk scores during and after risk counseling – a qualitative investigation from the NRG Oncology/NSABP DMP-1 study
Authors: Blakeslee Sarah B , Gunn Christine M , Parker Patricia A , Fagerlin Angela , Battaglia Tracy , Bevers Therese B , Bandos Hanna , McCaskill-Stevens Worta , Kennedy Jennifer W , Holmberg Christine 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesLittle research exists on how risk scores are used in counselling. We examined (a) how Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) scores are presented during counselling; (b) how women react and (c) discuss them afterwards.DesignConsultations were video-recorded and participants were interviewed after the consultation as part of the NRG Oncology/National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Decision-Making Project 1 (NSABP DMP-1).SettingTwo NSABP DMP-1 breast cancer care centres in the USA: one large comprehensive cancer centre serving a high-risk population and an academic safety-net medical centre in an urban setting.ParticipantsThirty women evaluated for breast cancer risk and their counselling providers were included.MethodsParticipants who were identified as at increased risk of breast cancer were recruited to participate in qualitative study with a video-recorded consultation and subsequent semi-structured interview that included giving feedback and input after viewing their own consultation. Consultation videos were summarised jointly and inductively as a team.tThe interview material was searched deductively for text segments that contained the inductively derived themes related to risk assessment. Subgroup analysis according to demographic variables such as age and Gail score were conducted, investigating reactions to risk scores and contrasting and comparing them with the pertinent video analysis data. From this, four descriptive categories of reactions to risk scores emerged. The descriptive categories were clearly defined after 19 interviews; all 30 interviews fit principally into one of the four descriptive categories.ResultsRisk scores were individualised and given meaning by providers through: (a) presenting thresholds, (b) making comparisons and (c) emphasising or minimising the calculated risk. The risk score information elicited little reaction from participants during consultations, though some added to, agreed with or qualified the provider’s information. During interviews, participants reacted to the numbers in four primary ways: (a) engaging easily with numbers; (b) expressing greater anxiety after discussing the risk score; (c) accepting the risk score and (d) not talking about the risk score.ConclusionsOur study highlights the necessity that patients’ experiences must be understood and put into relation to risk assessment information to become a meaningful treatment decision-making tool, for instance by categorising patients’ information engagement into types.Trial registration numberNCT01399359.
Protocol for SNOTOB study: radical prostatectomy without prostate biopsy following18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT based on a diagnostic model: a single-centre, single-arm, open-label study
Authors: Wang Changming , Dong Qifei , Liu Xuehan , Ni Ming , Xie Qiang , Xiao Jun , Tao Tao 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionNowadays, invasive prostate biopsy is the standard diagnostic test for patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). However, it has some shortcomings such as perioperative complications, economic and psychological burden on patients, and some patients may undergo repeated prostate biopsy. In this study protocol, our aim is to provide a non-invasive diagnostic strategy we call the ‘prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) combined model’ for the diagnosis of PCa. If patients are diagnosed with PCa using PSMA combined model, we want to prove these patients can receive radical prostatectomy directly without prior prostate biopsies.MethodsThe SNOTOB trial adopts a prospective, single-centre, single-arm, open-label study design. The PSMA combined model consists of a diagnostic model based on what we previously reported and18F-PSMA-1007 positron emission tomography/CT (18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT) examinations in series. First, patients use the diagnostic model (online address:https://ustcprostatecancerprediction.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/) to calculate the risk probability of clinically significant PCa (csPCa). When the risk probability of csPCa is equal or greater than 0.60,18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT will be applied for further diagnosis. If patients are still considered as csPCa after18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT examinations, we define this condition as positive results of PSMA combined model. Subsequently, we will recommend these patients to accept radical prostatectomy without prostate biopsy directly. Finally, the diagnostic performance of PSMA combined model will be verified with the pathological results. Totally, 57 patients need to be enrolled in this clinical trial.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (No. 2022KY-142). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reported at academic conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05587192.
Prognostic significance and clinical determinants of residual dyspnoea at discharge in acute heart failure: a single-centre, prospective observational study
Authors: Garus Mateusz , Jura Maksym , Guzik Mateusz , Zymliński Robert , Iwanek Gracjan , Ponikowski Piotr , Biegus Jan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of residual (discharge) dyspnoea in acute heart failure (AHF) patients.DesignSingle-centre, prospective observational study.SettingPatients hospitalised for decompensated AHF in a single cardiology centre, in Poland.ParticipantsAll patients (n=202) who survived the hospitalisation with the primary diagnosis of AHF and were discharged from the hospital.Primary and secondary outcome measures1-year all-cause mortality; and the composite endpoint of 1-year all-cause mortality and rehospitalisation for the HF (whichever occurred first).ResultsOn admission, 159 (78.7%) AHF patients presented dyspnoea at rest, while residual resting dyspnoea at discharge was present in 16 patients (7.9%). There were 48 (24%) patients with moderate/severe exertional dyspnoea at discharge. In the multivariable model, the resting dyspnoea at discharge was related to a higher risk of both 1-year mortality and composite outcome, with HR (95% CI) 8.0 (3.7 to 17.3) and 5.1 (2.6 to 10.2), respectively, both p<0.0001. Analogically, moderate or severe residual dyspnoea at discharge was related to the heightened risk of study both outcomes, with HR (95% CI) 3.1 (1.8 to 5.4) and 1.8 (1.1 to 2.9), respectively, p<0.01.ConclusionsAmong AHF patients the residual dyspnoea at discharge was unexpectedly common and was associated with an unfavourable outcome during 1-year follow-up.
Changes in alcohol consumption according to the duration of unemployment: prospective findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: El Haddad Rita , Meneton Pierre , Melchior Maria , Wiernik Emmanuel , Zins Marie , Airagnes Guillaume 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo prospectively examine the association between the duration of unemployment among job seekers and changes in alcohol use in a year.DesignA prospective study.SettingFrench population-based CONSTANCES cohort.ParticipantsWe selected 84 943 participants from the CONSTANCES cohort included between 2012 and 2019 who, at baseline and 1-year follow-up, were either employed or job-seeking.Outcome measuresMultinomial logistic regression models computed the odds of reporting continuous no alcohol use, at-risk alcohol use, increased or decreased alcohol use compared with being continuously at low risk and according to employment status. The duration of unemployment was self-reported at baseline; thus, the employment status at 1-year follow-up was categorised as follows: (1) employed, (2) return to employment since less than a year, (3) unemployed for less than 1 year, (4) unemployed for 1 to 3 years and (5) unemployed for 3 years or more. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, household monthly income, marital status, self-rated health, smoking status and depressive state.ResultsCompared with being continuously at low risk (ie, ≤10 drinks per week), the unemployment categories were associated in a dose-dependent manner with an increased likelihood of reporting continuous no alcohol use (OR: 1.74–2.50), being continuously at-risk (OR: 1.21–1.83), experiencing an increase in alcohol use (OR: 1.21–1.51) and a decrease in alcohol use (OR: 1.17–1.84).ConclusionAlthough our results suggested an association between the duration of unemployment and a decrease in alcohol use, they also revealed associations between at-risk and increased alcohol use. Thus, screening for alcohol use among unemployed job seekers must be reinforced, especially among those with long-term unemployment.
Medication prescription profile and hospital admission related to medication administration errors in England and Wales: an ecological study
Authors: Al Shoaraa Oudai Amjad , Qadus Sami , Naser Abdallah Y 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between prescribing rate of medications and hospital admissions related to medications administration errors in England and Wales during the time from 1999 to 2020.DesignAn ecological study.SettingA population-based study using hospital admission data that are publicly available in the UK. Data in this study were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database in Wales from Wales. The Prescription Cost Analysis database was used to extract the prescription data.ParticipantsPatients who were hospitalised all National Health Service (NHS) trusts and any independent sector funded by NHS trusts.Primary outcome measureHospitalisation rates related to medication administration errors and its associated prescriptions.ResultsThe annual rate of hospital admissions related to medication administration errors increased by 32.0% (from 184.21 (95% CI 183.0 to 185.4) in 1999 to 243.18 (95% CI 241.9 to 244.4) in 2020 per 100 000 persons. The most common three indications of hospital admissions were T39 (non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics), T43 (psychotropic drugs), T42 (antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic and antiparkinsonism drugs). The age group 15–59 years had the highest number of hospital admissions (83.4%). Women contributed to 59.1% of the total number of hospital admissions. Admission rate among men increased by 16.7%. Among women, the admission rate increased by 44.6%.ConclusionAdmission rates due to medication administration errors increased markedly in the past decade. This increase was correlated with an increase in the prescription rate of several therapeutic classes. Patients taking non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics, psychiatric medications, antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic and antiparkinsonism drugs should have their recommended (and administered) doses closely monitored. They should be followed up on a regular basis to ensure that they are taking their medications as prescribed.
Recognition of COVID-19 with occupational origin: a comparison between European countries
Authors: Nys Evelien , Pauwels Sara , Ádám Balázs , Amaro João , Athanasiou Athanasios , Bashkin Osnat , Bric Tatjana Kofol , Bulat Petar , Caglayan Cigdem , Guseva Canu Irina , Cebanu Serghei , Charbotel Barbara , Cirule Jolanta , Curti Stefania , Davidovitch Nadav , Dopelt Keren , Fikfak Metoda Dodic , Frilander Heikki , Gustavsson Per , Höper Anje Christina , Kiran Sibel , Kogevinas Manolis , Kudász Ferenc , Kolstad Henrik A , Lazarevic Sanja Brekalo , Macan Jelena , Majery Nicole , Marinaccio Alessandro , Mates Dana , Mattioli Stefano , McElvenny Damien Martin , Mediouni Zakia , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Merisalu Eda , Mijakoski Dragan , Nena Evangelia , Noone Peter , Otelea Marina Ruxandra , Pelclova Daniela , Pranjic Nurka , Rosso Mark , Serra Consol , Rushton Lesley , Sandal Abdulsamet , Schernhammer Eva S , Stoleski Sasho , Turner Michelle C , van der Molen Henk F , Varga Marek , Walusiak-Skorupa Jolanta , Straif Kurt , Godderis Lode 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to present an overview of the formal recognition of COVID-19 as occupational disease (OD) or injury (OI) across Europe.MethodsA COVID-19 questionnaire was designed by a task group within COST-funded OMEGA-NET and sent to occupational health experts of 37 countries in WHO European region, with a last update in April 2022.ResultsThe questionnaire was filled out by experts from 35 countries. There are large differences between national systems regarding the recognition of OD and OI: 40% of countries have a list system, 57% a mixed system and one country an open system. In most countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as an OD (57%). In four countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as OI (11%) and in seven countries as either OD or OI (20%). In two countries, there is no recognition possible to date. Thirty-two countries (91%) recognise COVID-19 as OD/OI among healthcare workers. Working in certain jobs is considered proof of occupational exposure in 25 countries, contact with a colleague with confirmed infection in 19 countries, and contact with clients with confirmed infection in 21 countries. In most countries (57%), a positive PCR test is considered proof of disease. The three most common compensation benefits for COVID-19 as OI/OD are disability pension, treatment and rehabilitation. Long COVID is included in 26 countries.ConclusionsCOVID-19 can be recognised as OD or OI in 94% of the European countries completing this survey, across different social security and embedded occupational health systems.