bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Math‐based reinforcement learning for the adaptive budgeted influence maximization problem
Authors: Fadda Edoardo , Corso Evelina Di , Brusco Davide , Aelenei Vlad Stefan , Rares Alexandru Balan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn social networks, the influence maximization problem requires selecting an initial set of nodes to influence so that the spread of influence can reach its maximum under certain diffusion models. Usually, the problem is formulated in a two‐stage un‐budgeted fashion: The decision maker selects a given number of nodes to influence and observes the results. In the adaptive version of the problem, it is possible to select the nodes at each time step of a given time interval. This allows the decision‐maker to exploit the observation of the propagation and to make better decisions. This paper considers the adaptive budgeted influence maximization problem, that is, the adaptive problem in which the decision maker has a finite budget to influence the nodes, and each node requires a cost to be influenced. We present two solution techniques: The first is an approximated value iteration leveraging mixed integer linear problems while the second exploits new concepts from graph neural networks. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Experimental investigation of temperature effects on the tensile behavior of composite‐aluminum four‐nail bolted joints
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Li , Huang Kai , Huang Jinzhao , Li Zhixing , Zhou Jindi , Dong Erqin , Guo Licheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe bolted joint is widely used to connect different composite structures in the aerospace field, and the joint is usually the weakest part, and its performance is widely influenced by temperature. This paper aims to investigate the static tensile behavior of the composite‐aluminum four‐nailed joint structure at different temperatures. Carbon fiber epoxy resin matrix composites with a layup of [(0/45)2s]2 are selected to fabricate specimens, and the test temperatures are room temperature (RT, 25 °C), 60 °C, 100 °C, and 150 °C, respectively. The surface strain field and damage evolution inside the specimens are monitored at different stages of the loading process by combining the digital image correlation (DIC) and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) techniques. During the loading process at RT, a sudden drop in load occurs after structural yielding, and the following secondary bearing is observed; however, at higher temperatures, the load continuously decreases until final failure after it reaches the peak value. Moreover, the rearrangement of stress distribution around the bolts at higher temperatures relieves the asymmetric secondary bending of the joint. The experimental findings in this study provide valuable guidance for the structural design and safety assessment for composite‐aluminum bolted joints at different temperatures.Highlights
The loading process shows five stages at RT and four stages at higher temperatures.
Extrusion damage led by shear cracks appears earlier at higher temperatures.
Load on the upper and lower bolts is closer as the temperature increases.
Higher temperatures relieve the asymmetric secondary bending of the joint.
Advantages and limitations of active phase silanization in PVDF composites: Focus on electrical properties and energy harvesting potential
Authors: Petrovic M. Vijatovic , Craciun F. , Cordero F. , Mercadelli E. , Ilic N. , Despotovic Z. , Bobic J. , Dzunuzovic A. , Galassi C. , Stagnaro P. , Canu G. , Buscaglia M. T. , Brunengo E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to further improve the performance of 0.94[(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3]‐0.06BaTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride (NBT‐BT/PVDF) flexible composite films prepared by the hot‐pressing method, the effect of surface modification of the NBT‐BT particles on the structure and properties of the films was investigated. Two coupling agents, namely, (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and dodecyl triethoxysilane (DDTES) were added to enhance dispersion and interfacial adhesion of the active phase powder with the polymer matrix. The highest amount of the electroactive PVDF β‐phase was formed in APTES‐modified samples while in DDTES samples mainly γ‐phase was formed as shown by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicated that the addition of filler particles reduced the total crystallinity degree of the PVDF. Dielectric permittivity values as well as dielectric losses decreased for silanized samples due to reduced tension at the interface between particles and polymer. Strong intermolecular interaction between the PVDF chains and the APTES‐modified particles led to enhanced breakdown strength of these samples. The highest level of agglomeration in the DDTES‐modified samples induced the deterioration of ferroelectric properties. The highest voltage output of ~15 V and 225 μW of power was obtained for the APTES‐modified harvester, evidencing their potential for energy harvesting applications.Highlights
Surface of NBT‐BT particles was successfully modified by the silanization method.
NBT‐BT‐PVDF flexible lead‐free composite films were prepared by hot pressing.
APTES coupling agent enabled the transformation of PVDF α‐phase into electro‐active β.
APTES‐modified samples showed the highest breakdown strength.
Notable properties for energy harvesting application found, up to 225 μW of generated power.
Construction of sandwich‐layered polyimide hybrid films containing double core–shell structured fillers for high energy storage density
Authors: Cao Xianwu , Zhang Nahong , Zhao Lu , Lu Chonghao , Bi Chunhui , He Guangjian , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe inherent low dielectric constant of polyimide (PI) dielectrics restricts their applications to become a component of high energy density film capacitors. In this work, double core–shell structured barium titanate@magnesium oxide@polydopamine (BaTiO3@MgO@PDA) nanoparticles were synthesized successfully and utilized as high dielectric constant functional fillers for PIs, in which the insulating MgO layer meliorated dielectric constant difference between BaTiO3 and PI matrix, and the organic PDA layer improved the compatibility between the inorganic fillers and PI matrices. Then, a series of sandwich‐structured PI‐based hybrid films was prepared through a layer‐by‐layer solution casting method. The middle layer of pure PI with excellent insulating properties effectively suppressed charge injection. With the combination of sandwich structure and the BaTiO3@MgO@PDA nanoparticles, the PI hybrid film containing 15 wt% fillers in the outer layers achieved the maximum breakdown strength of 425.68 kV/mm and the maximum energy density of 5.132 J/cm3, which was 68.3% and 413% higher than those of pure PI film, respectively, meanwhile maintained a low dielectric loss value of 0.0083 at 1 kHz. The introduction of BaTiO3@MgO@PDA enhanced the interfacial polarization due to the high barrier energy between adjacent layers preventing the transfer of electrons and weakening the leakage current in the sandwich‐structured composite film. This work demonstrates that an appropriate combination of high dielectric hybrid fillers and multilayer structure can effectively increase the energy storage density of PI substrate for high‐temperature energy storage applications.Highlights
The double core–shell structured BaTiO3@MgO@PDA was synthesized successfully.
The sandwich‐structured hybrid films were prepared by layer‐by‐layer method.
The energy density of hybrid films reached a high value of 5.132 J/cm3.
Citizen science boosts fundamental and applied research for sustainable soybean cultivation in North‐Western Europe
Authors: Vlaminck Lena , Vanden Berghen Birgit , Mertens Stien , Wuyts Jurgen , Aerts Liesbeth , Van Dingenen Judith , Bekaert Sofie , Maere Steven , Vranken Liesbet , Goormachtig Sofie 
Published: December 2023

Societal Impact StatementTo help save our planet, we need to shift to plant‐based protein food and enhance sustainable agricultural practices. Cultivation of legumes, including soybean, will be key because they produce protein‐rich beans without high applied fertilizer input. This complex challenge involves many stakeholders beyond the agricultural sector. In the ‘Soy in 1000 Gardens’ project, we engaged more than thousand citizens in a 6‐month gardening project aiming at facilitating sustainable soybean cultivation in Belgium. Our work shows that with the right approach, citizen science can provide insights to develop more sustainable agri‐food systems when integrated with fundamental and applied science.Summary

The global food system faces numerous challenges in its pursuit of sustainability. Shifting to more plant‐based protein sources as well as transitioning to self‐reliant agri‐food systems is one way to meet these challenges. This transition requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders beyond the agricultural sector such as the citizens themselves.
In this study, we employed a citizen science approach through the ‘Soy in 1000 Gardens’ project, which engaged more than 1000 citizen scientists in a 6‐month gardening project during which citizens not only observed plant growth but also executed plant growth measurements that meet scientific standards. We aimed at increasing the awareness about the power of soybean and its symbionts for sustainable plant protein production and at isolating efficient nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia to be used by local farmers to produce protein‐rich soybeans.
The results suggest that the success of citizen science projects depends on the level of engagement and the provision of adequate support, among other factors.
This study thus highlights the potential of citizen science to address complex challenges and contribute to more sustainable agri‐food systems when properly integrated. Unique in its scope, the project provided important insights into the drivers of participation, attrition and data quality.
Analgosedation for less‐invasive surfactant administration: Variations in practice
Authors: Muehlbacher Tobias , Boos Vinzenz , Geiger Leonie‐Beatrice , Rüegger Christoph M. , Grass Beate 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLess‐invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is widely used for surfactant delivery to spontaneously breathing preterm infants on nasal CPAP. However, the use of analgesia and/or sedation for the LISA procedure remains controversial.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of all tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to assess current practices of analgosedation for LISA in preterm infants.ResultsEighty‐eight of 172 (51.2%) NICUs responded to the survey, of which 83 (94.3%) perform LISA. Analgosedation for LISA is used in 60 (72.3%) NICUs. Twenty‐eight of those (46.7%) have unit protocols to guide analgosedation while 32 (53.3%) administer medication at the discretion of the attending physician. Ketamine (45.0% of NICUs), propofol (41.7%), fentanyl (21.7%), morphine (20.0%), and midazolam (20.0%) were most frequently used for analgosedation for LISA. Nine (10.7%) NICUs reported the use of pain or distress scores during LISA.ConclusionLISA is well established among tertiary NICUs in the German‐speaking countries. However, there are considerable variations regarding the use of analgosedation. More evidence is required to guide clinicians seeking to safely and effectively deliver surfactant via a thin catheter to spontaneously breathing preterm infants.
Dynamic proximity interaction profiling suggests that YPEL2 is involved in cellular stress surveillance
Authors: Turan Gizem , Olgun Çağla Ece , Ayten Hazal , Toker Pelin , Ashyralyyev Annageldi , Savaş Büşra , Karaca Ezgi , Muyan Mesut 
Published: December 2023

AbstractYPEL2 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved YPEL family involved in cellular proliferation, mobility, differentiation, senescence, and death. However, the mechanism by which YPEL2, or YPEL proteins, mediates its effects is largely unknown. Proteins perform their functions in a network of proteins whose identities, amounts, and compositions change spatiotemporally in a lineage‐specific manner in response to internal and external stimuli. Here, we explored interaction partners of YPEL2 by using dynamic TurboID‐coupled mass spectrometry analyses to infer a function for the protein. Our results using inducible transgene expressions in COS7 cells indicate that proximity interaction partners of YPEL2 are mainly involved in RNA and mRNA metabolic processes, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, regulation of gene silencing by miRNA, and cellular responses to stress. We showed that YPEL2 interacts with the RNA‐binding protein ELAVL1 and the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1. We also found that YPEL2 localizes stress granules in response to sodium arsenite, an oxidative stress inducer, which suggests that YPEL2 participates in stress granule‐related processes. Establishing a point of departure in the delineation of structural/functional features of YPEL2, our results suggest that YPEL2 may be involved in stress surveillance mechanisms.
Self‐assembly of temperature‐responsive di‐block polypeptides functionalized with unnatural amino acids
Authors: Azulay Rotem , Strugach Daniela S. , Amiram Miriam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of unnatural amino acids (uAAs) into protein‐based polymers has emerged as a powerful methodology to expand their chemical repertoire. Recently, we demonstrated that incorporating uAAs into two temperature‐responsive protein‐based polymers—namely resilin‐ and elastin‐like polypeptides (RLPs and ELPs, respectively)—can alter their properties. In this study, we incorporated aromatic uAAs into the protein sequence of RLP–ELP diblocks to yield new and diverse assemblies from a single DNA template. Specifically, we show that incorporating aromatic uAAs can modulate the phase‐transition behaviors and self‐assembly of the diblocks into various morphologies, including spherical and cylindrical micelles and single‐ and double‐layered vesicles, with some constructs also demonstrating a temperature‐responsive shape‐shifting behavior. Next, we evaluated the ability of the RLP–ELP assemblies to encapsulate a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, and show how the identity of the incorporated uAAs and the morphology of the nanostructure affect the encapsulation efficiency. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the multi‐site incorporation of uAAs into temperature‐responsive, amphiphilic protein‐based diblock copolymers is a promising approach for the functionalization and tuning of self‐assembled nanostructures.
Is mowing effective in reducing rodent damage to forest plantations?
Authors: Borowski Zbigniew , Bartoń Kamil , Staniszewski Jarosław 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDForest trees, particularly at a young age in afforestation, are susceptible to bark gnawing by herbivorous rodents such as voles. Few preventive measures for vole damage exist, although mowing to control herbaceous vegetation is often suggested. However, no empirical evidence supports the claim that mowing prevents or inhibits rodent damage to seedlings in a forest ecosystem. We examined the effects of single mowing applications on rodent population dynamics and the amount of damage they cause. The study was conducted at 34 randomly selected European beech forest plantations in Poland, with half manually mowed in late summer. In each plantation, we monitored the population dynamics of small rodents every 2 months from December 2019 to April 2021, and/or measured the level of damage to tree saplings monthly.RESULTSThe amount of damage followed a clear seasonal pattern with peaks in late autumn ranging from 0 to 40% of saplings per plantation. Mowing did not alter the pattern of population dynamics of small rodents (including voles and mice) on the plantations, nor did it reduce sapling damage caused by rodents. Additionally, herbaceous vegetation cover had no significant effect on the damage intensity.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that mowing is ineffective in preventing tree damage by small rodents in forest plantations; therefore, we do not recommend it as a forestry practice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of temperature on growth, survival, and chronic stress responses of Arctic Grayling juveniles
Authors: Carrillo-Longoria Javier-Alonso , Gaylord Gibson , Andrews Lukas , Powell Madison 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus are Holarctically distributed, with a single native population in the conterminous United States occurring in the Big Hole River, Montana, where water temperatures can fluctuate throughout the year from 8°C to 18°C. A gradual increase in mean water temperature has been reported in this river over the past 20 years due to riparian habitat changes and climate change effects. We hypothesized that exposing Arctic Grayling to higher temperatures would result in lower survival, decreased growth, and increased stress responses.

Methods
Over a 144-day trial, Arctic Grayling juveniles were subjected to water temperatures ranging from 8°C to 26°C to measure the effects on growth, survival, gene expression, and antioxidant enzyme activity.

Result
Fish growth increased with increasing water temperature up to 18°C, beyond which survival was reduced. Fish did not survive at temperatures above 22°C. In response to temperatures above 16°C, 3.0-fold and 1.5-fold increases in gene expression were observed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), respectively, but no changes were seen in the gene expression ratio of heat shock protein 70 to heat shock protein 90. Activities of the SOD and GPx enzymes also rose at temperatures above 16°C, indicating heightened oxidative stress. Catalase gene expression and enzyme activity decreased with rising temperatures, suggesting a preference for the GPx pathway, as GPx could also be providing help with lipid peroxidation. An increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was also recorded, which corresponded with rising temperatures.

Conclusion
Our findings thus underscore the vulnerability of Arctic Grayling to minor changes in water temperature. Further increases in mean water temperature could significantly compromise the survival of Arctic Grayling in the Big Hole River.
Learner Corpora in Corpus‐Informed Instruction: Moving Toward an Asset‐ and Genre‐Based Model
Authors: Staples Shelley , Dang Anh , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLearner corpora have been used extensively in corpus research to identify gaps and errors within learner writing but have rarely been directly used in corpus‐informed instruction (CII). Importantly, scholars in CII have pointed out that “it is as important to see what learners can do as well as what they can't” when using learner corpora (Boulton & Thomas, 2012; p. 13). Learner corpora can also offer greater alignment with the genres students are writing (Seidlhofer, 2002). In our Brief Report, we take up Lu, Casal, and Liu's (2021) call for greater synergy of genre and corpus pedagogy by examining the impact of using a learner corpus to enhance students' language awareness and genre‐specific knowledge within an English as an Additional Language (EAL) first‐year writing classroom. We also move beyond error analysis to encourage an asset‐based model to learner CII (Staples, 2022).
Exploring Contradiction‐Driven Language Teacher Identity Transformation During Curriculum Reforms: A Chinese Tale
Authors: Wang Kailun , Yuan Rui , Lee Icy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe existing literature in TESOL has revealed the multilayered, dynamic, and situated nature of teacher identity, but how language teachers construct their identities during curriculum reforms receives relatively limited attention, particularly in the context of teaching English for specific purposes (ESP). Theoretically anchored by the notion of contradiction in activity theory, this study investigates an ESP teacher's identity transformation in a Chinese university. Drawing on data from semi‐structured interviews, classroom observations, and artifacts (policy documents and course materials), the findings reveal that the participant constructed her identities including “a skiff drifting in the dark,” “an optimistic warrior,” and “a nonconformist” through the teaching reform mediated by the corporatized culture and accountability system in higher education. The process of identity transformation was accompanied by her identity‐driven efforts to resolve various contradictions and seek the delicate equilibrium between her agency and object‐oriented reform. The study offers practical recommendations on teacher development and curriculum reforms for both language teachers and other stakeholders (e.g., teacher educators and school leaders) in different educational contexts.
Effects of improved water retention by increased soil organic matter on the water balance of arable soils: A numerical analysis
Authors: Feifel Mario , Durner Wolfgang , Hohenbrink Tobias L. , Peters Andre 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate change will lead to prolonged droughts in various regions of the world, which may significantly affect agricultural production. This is particularly problematic for soils with low water retention capacity, which cannot store sufficient water for crops. In this paper, we investigate how a change in the water‐holding capacity of the soil material, as could be achieved by increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC) amount, affects the components of the soil water balance (evaporation, transpiration, and groundwater recharge). Specifically, we state the hypothesis that an increased water‐holding capacity in a shallow soil layer, as it is achieved through SOC enrichment at the soil surface, will result in more water being stored near the soil surface and lost to unproductive evaporation, thereby reducing the amount of water available to plants and groundwater recharge. The hypothesis was tested by numerical simulations, employing the Hydrus‐1D program package to model the water balance in a soil–plant–atmosphere system for an arable crop in hydrologically contrasting years. The study considered soils with varying textures and different depths of a soil layer with increased SOC content. The soil hydraulic properties (SHP) of the soil material, including the effect of SOC on the SHP, were determined using a recently developed pedotransfer model based on data from over 500 samples. We showed that both the improved water retention by SOC and its vertical distribution affect the soil water balance in a complex manner. In sandy soils, increasing the water‐holding capacity in shallow layers up to 0.1 m led to enhanced evaporation and thus a decrease in water availability for crops. However, deeper incorporated SOC could ameliorate these negative effects. Our findings suggest that not only the amount but also the vertical SOC distribution should be considered if enrichment of SOC shall be applied to mitigate the effect of droughts.