bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Understanding of the Singlet Oxygen in Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Li Zhenglong , Gao Yong , Wang Chenxing , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Xin , Xue Xu , Wang Ke , Cui Wengang , Gao Fan , He Shengnan , Wu Zhijun , Qi Fulai , Gan Jiantuo , Wang Yujing , Zheng Wenjun , Yang Yaxiong , Chen Jian , Pan Hongge 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSinglet oxygen (term symbol 1Δg, hereafter 1O2), a reactive oxygen species, has recently attracted increasing interest in the field of rechargeable batteries and electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. These sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies are of vital significance to replace fossil fuels and promote carbon neutrality and finally tackle the energy crisis and climate change. Herein, the recent progresses of 1O2 for energy storage and conversion is summarized, including physical and chemical properties, formation mechanisms, detection technologies, side reactions in rechargeable batteries and corresponding inhibition strategies, and applications in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. The formation mechanisms and inhibition strategies of 1O2 in particular aprotic lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries are highlighted, and the applications of 1O2 in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is also emphasized. Moreover, the confronting challenges and promising directions of 1O2 in energy conversion and storage systems are discussed.
A pH‐Sensitive Stretchable Zwitterionic Hydrogel with Bipolar Thermoelectricity
Authors: Lee Ling‐Chieh , Huang Kang‐Ting , Lin Yen‐Ting , Jeng U‐Ser , Wang Chia‐Hsin , Tung Shih‐Huang , Huang Chun‐Jen , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmid growing interest in using body heat for electricity in wearables, creating stretchable devices poses a major challenge. Herein, a hydrogel composed of two core constituents, namely the negatively‐charged 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid and the zwitterionic (ZI) sulfobetaine acrylamide, is engineered into a double‐network hydrogel. This results in a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, with tensile stress and strain of up to 470.3 kPa and 106.6%, respectively. Moreover, the ZI nature of the polymer enables the fabrication of a device with polar thermoelectric properties by modulating the pH. Thus, the ionic Seebeck coefficient (Si) of the ZI hydrogel ranges from −32.6 to 31.7 mV K−1 as the pH is varied from 1 to 14, giving substantial figure of merit (ZTi) values of 3.8 and 3.6, respectively. Moreover, a prototype stretchable ionic thermoelectric supercapacitor incorporating the ZI hydrogel exhibits notable power densities of 1.8 and 0.9 mW m−2 at pH 1 and 14, respectively. Thus, the present work paves the way for the utilization of pH‐sensitive, stretchable ZI hydrogels for thermoelectric applications, with a specific focus on harvesting low‐grade waste heat within the temperature range of 25–40 °C.
Biosystematic studies on Lilium (Liliaceae) II. Evolutionary history and taxon recognition in the L. maculatum–L. pensylvanicum complex in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Seita T. , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Arakawa Katsuro , Fuse Shizuka , Takayama Koji , Nagamasu Hidetoshi , Tamura Minoru N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo clarify the evolutionary history of the Lilium maculatum–L. pensylvanicum complex in Japan and to improve the circumscription of its component taxa, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast and nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS, ETS) DNA sequences, a genome‐wide analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing (MIG‐seq), and morphological observations. Topological differences between the chloroplast and nuclear ITS + ETS phylogenies indicate that ancient hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting were involved in the origin of “maculatum”, but the relatively long length of relevant branches indicates that incomplete lineage sorting is implausible. The results of STRUCTURE analysis (K = 3, the highest delta K value) using MIG‐seq indicate that “maculatum” has already developed its own cluster and can be considered a species (L. maculatum) that originated through the hybridization of L. pacificum (sp. nov.) and L. pensylvanicum. MIG‐seq Neighbor‐Net and STRUCTURE analyses (K = 3), as well as chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reveal that populations in disjunct limestone areas (L. maculatum var. bukosanense) originated via the hybridization of L. maculatum and L. pacificum, whereas populations in the Sado‐Tobishima Islands (L. maculatum var. sadoense, var. nov.) originated via hybridization between L. maculatum and L. pensylvanicum. These taxa appear to be more or less genetically isolated from other populations based on the STRUCTURE analysis (K = 5), although we do not know whether this isolation resulted from geographic distance or reproductive barriers. Based on available MIG‐seq and morphological data, respectively, we consider the two hybrid‐origin populations to be independent varieties. Furthermore, the morphology of seaside populations of L. maculatum in East Tohoku District appears to have deviated slightly from that of mountain populations (L. maculatum f. monticola); as such, coastal populations merit recognition as a form of L. maculatum (L. maculatum f. spontaneum, comb. & stat. nov.). Other seaside populations of L. maculatum in the West Tohoku District appear to have originated from populations of L. pacificum, but have been successively taken over by L. maculatum through introgression, and have consequently evolved into a form of L. maculatum (L. maculatum f. maculatum). In addition, we found putative extant hybrid populations of L. maculatum × L. pensylvanicum. We recognize three species, two varieties, two forms, and one hybrid in the L. maculatum–L. pensylvanicum complex in Japan.
Lymphocytic colitis can be transcriptionally divided into channelopathic and inflammatory lymphocytic colitis
Authors: Bhardwaj Archana , Münch Andreas , Montague Julia , Koch Stefan , Rosenstiel Philip , Escudero‐Hernández Celia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pathobiology of the non‐destructive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) lymphocytic colitis (LC) is poorly understood. We aimed to define an LC‐specific mucosal transcriptome to gain insight into LC pathology, identify unique genomic signatures, and uncover potentially druggable disease pathways.MethodsWe performed bulk RNA‐sequencing of LC and collagenous colitis (CC) colonic mucosa from patients with active disease, and healthy controls (n = 4–10 per cohort). Differential gene expression was analyzed by gene‐set enrichment and deconvolution analyses to identify pathologically relevant pathways and cells, respectively, altered in LC. Key findings were validated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Finally, we compared our data with a previous cohort of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients (n = 4 per group) to distinguish non‐destructive from classic IBD.ResultsLC can be subdivided into channelopathic LC, which is governed by organic acid and ion transport dysregulation, and inflammatory LC, which is driven by microbial immune responses. Inflammatory LC displays an innate and adaptive immunity that is limited compared to CC and classic IBD. Conversely, we noted a distinct induction of regulatory non‐coding RNA species in inflammatory LC samples. Moreover, compared with CC, water channel and cell adhesion molecule gene expression decreased in channelopathic LC, whereas it was accentuated in inflammatory LC and associated with reduced intestinal epithelial cell proliferation.ConclusionsWe conclude that LC can be subdivided into channelopathic LC and inflammatory LC that could be pathomechanistically distinct subtypes despite their shared clinical presentation. Inflammatory LC exhibits a dampened immune response compared to CC and classic IBDs. Our results point to regulatory micro‐RNAs as a potential disease‐specific feature that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Three‐dimensional modelling and morphometric analysis of skull of badger (Meles meles) with computed tomography images
Authors: Aslan Kanmaz Yeşim , Güzel Barış Can , Baygeldi Saime Betül , Karan Meryem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMorphometric measurements help to understand the skull morphology in different animal species, detect skull deformations and figure out their causes.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to make a three‐dimensional (3D) modelling of the badger skull using computed tomography, to show its anatomical structures and to reveal the morphometric measurement values.MethodsSkull measurements were carried out using a digital calliper at 27 measurement points based on metric measurement points. After the scanned images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format, they were transferred to MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialize Group) programme and 3D models the skulls were created. The surface area and volume values of the skulls were calculated on these models.ResultsThe volume and surface area parameters were expressed as mean ± SE. Four different indices were calculated using osteometric measurements. Statistical analyses were made by determining the mean value and standard deviation of the examined properties and the correlation coefficients among these properties. In the metric measurement points taken as a basis, the longest measurement in the skulls was the total length and its mean value was 124.60 ± 0.64 mm. The shortest measurement was the breadth dorsal to the external auditory meatus, and its mean value was 6.75 ± 0.24 mm.ConclusionsConsequently, statistical differences in the craniometric values of badgers’ skulls were determined by using CT and 3D modelling software. In addition, it was concluded that the badger skull can be easily distinguished from other carnivore species by carrying out morphometric measurements.
Impact of yaw misalignment on turbine loads in the presence of wind farm blockage
Authors: Bernardoni Federico , Rotea Mario A. , Leonardi Stefano 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWake steering is very effective in optimizing the power production of an array of turbines aligned with the wind direction. However, the wind farm behaves as a porous obstacle for the incoming flow, inducing a secondary flow in the lateral direction and a reduction of the upstream wind speed. This is normally referred to as blockage effect. Little is known on how the blockage and the secondary flow influence the loads on the turbines when an intentional yaw misalignment is applied to steer the wake. In this work, we assess the variation of the loads on a virtual 4 by 4 array of turbines with intentional yaw misalignment under different levels of turbulence intensity. We estimate the upstream distance at which the incoming wind is influenced by the wind farm, and we determine the wind farm blockage effect on the loads. In presence of low turbulence intensity in the incoming flow, the application of yaw misalignment was found to induce a significant increase of damage equivalent load (DEL) mainly in the most downstream row of turbines. We also found that the sign (positive or negative) of the yaw misalignment affects differently the dynamic loads and the DEL on the turbines. Thus, it is important to consider both the power production and the blade fatigue loads to evaluate the benefits of intentional yaw misalignment control especially in conditions with low turbulence intensity upstream of the wind farm.
Collections and Museums in the Historiography of the Earth Sciences
Authors: Podgorny Irina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter wants to show how museums and collections have been treated in recent historiographies of earth sciences as well as to examine the genesis, disappearance, and reemergence of museums and collections as spaces linked (or not) to knowledge production. It considers collections of minerals; rocks and fossils; and meteorites and gems; as well as inventories, books, and catalogues.
Introduction
Authors: Steytler Nico 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile local government is found in all federal countries, its place and role in the governance of these countries vary considerably. In some, local government is considered an essential part of the federal nature of the state and recognised in the constitution as such; in others, it is simply a creature of the subnational states or provinces and firmly under their thumb. When referring to local government, it is more correct to refer to local governments (plural), as these institutions come in all shapes and sizes and perform widely divergent functions.
Austria
Authors: Kössler Karl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the role of local government in Austria’s federal system. It argues that municipalities play a rather junior role compared to federal and Länder government levels, and that the practice of ‘three-level federalism’ is essentially confined to financial relations, though even here local governments do not really enjoy equal standing. Unsurprisingly, the associations representing local government continue to call for a stronger voice in political and constitutional affairs. In addition, the chapter shows that while various crises (especially those besetting the smaller municipalities) exacerbate structural problems, they can also work as catalysts for much-needed reform. The global financial crisis of 2007–2008 played precisely such a role; whether the Covid-19 pandemic will do so too remains to be seen.
Germany
Authors: Scheller Henrik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough municipalities in Germany do not have their own constitutional level of government similar to the federal government or Länder, they make an essential contribution to the provision of goods and services of general interest. Municipalities, granted autonomy in self-government by the constitution, operate in a highly charged and politically contested area of governance. On the one hand, municipalities enjoy the right to self-government, and neither the federal government nor the Länder may interfere with this arbitrarily. On the other, as a constitutional part of the Länder, the municipalities are dependent on them, especially so in financial terms. As a result, municipalities constantly have to balance their derived responsibilities with their voluntary tasks as both formal expectations and specific demands from citizens continue to grow due to a constantly changing global conditions and new types of crises. Municipalities in Germany are torn between fulfilling their administrative implementation mandate, on the one hand, and responding to the more immediate claims of local politics and their constituencies, on the other.
Reflections on ALiVE’s Collaborative Endeavour
Authors: Turner Fergal , Babu Michael , Mcintire Olivia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAliVE’s visible achievement has been to develop contextualised assessment tools for three life skills and one value, undertake a large-scale assessment program at household level across three countries, and engage with hundreds of stakeholders in the process. What is less visible is how this has been achieved, who is responsible for it, and what the motivating force behind it has been. This chapter describes reflections on the collaborative processes that underlie these activities. In so doing, the chapter locates that collaboration within the history of community and civil society contributions to education in East Africa, and more specifically within Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The chapter’s reflections make explicit who the contributors were and how they were able to work together. In these reflections two factors are of particular interest. The first concerns the link between the way individuals and organisations worked together, and the actual life skills that were the object of their attention, in particular the skill of collaboration. The second is the constituting of the endeavour as a learning journey. The process is seen not merely as a production of an assessment tool and consequent results which can be used to advocate for life skills in education, but as a vehicle for equipping collaborators with the technical and work skills that they can take forward into future education spaces.
Implications of ALiVE Process and Evidence for Policy and Practice in East Africa
Authors: Kabutha Mugo John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe process and product of the Assessment of Life Skills and Values in East Africa (ALiVE), including the opportunities created by this assessment, provide a useful lens for viewing the mainstreaming of assessment of these competences in the region. This chapter summarises ALiVE and provides perspectives on the use and lack of use of education evidence. Key insights cover the breadth of factors to be considered in influencing uptake by government. The chapter reviews the global and regional landscapes as they relate to life skills and values, and concludes that these competencies are increasingly acknowledged and adopted. Lastly, the chapter draws from the discussions in this volume to identify and discuss five implications for policy and practice. A call to bolden the focus and contextualise holistic learning is first made. Second is the call for a paradigm shift in assessment, including the review of assessment frameworks, leveraging technology, and prioritising the use of the evidence generated by the assessments. Third is the call to focus on teacher capacities, while considering that these would be facilitated by system-wide focus on capacity development. Fourth is the call for shared space and responsibility between parents and teachers, to perceive assessment as a common project between communities and schools. Lastly is the call for a resilient and comprehensive approach that secures alignment, timeliness, engagement and institutionalisation.
Generating Evidence from Life Skills Assessments to Inform Policy in East Africa
Authors: Shariff Khadija , Mlay Devotha Festo , Owino Samuel Otieno 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLife skills are rapidly becoming recognised as critical skills for children to acquire in order to succeed in school and in life. This is particularly true in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) context where youth educational attainment is low, unemployment and informal employment is high and a growing youth bulge provides both an opportunity and a high risk for the development or under development of SSA countries. Developing appropriate life skills and values in youth has become imperative for education systems in order to ensure youth have the chance to succeed, especially in terms of employment after finishing school. Global large-scale learning assessments have primarily been focused on basic or foundational competencies such as literacy and numeracy. These assessments have paved the way in showing how large-scale evidence generation can influence policy and practice in different countries. When it comes to the life skills and values space however, few assessments have produced evidence to influence systemic shifts in educational delivery. This chapter outlines how the Assessment of Life skills and Values in East Africa (ALiVE) collaboration has addressed gaps in large scale evidence of life skills and values, and more specifically a lack of life skills and values assessments contextual to East Africa.
Quantum entanglement of ions for light dark matter detection
Authors: Ito Asuka , Kitano Ryuichiro , Nakano Wakutaka , Takai Ryoto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A detection scheme is explored for light dark matter, such as axion dark matter or dark photon dark matter, using a Paul ion trap system. We first demonstrate that a qubit, constructed from the ground and first excited states of vibrational modes of ions in a Paul trap, can serve as an effective sensor for weak electric fields due to its resonant excitation. As a consequence, a Paul ion trap allows us to search for weak electric fields induced by light dark matter with masses around the neV range. Furthermore, we illustrate that an entangled qubit system involving N ions can enhance the excitation rate by a factor of N2. The sensitivities of the Paul ion trap system to axion-photon coupling and gauge kinetic mixing can reach previously unexplored parameter space.
A note on O6 intersections in AdS flux vacua
Authors: Junghans Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The DGKT-CFI construction of AdS flux vacua in type IIA string theory has interesting features such as classical moduli stabilization and a parametric scale separation between the Hubble scale and the Kaluza-Klein scale. A possible worry regarding the consistency of these vacua is that pathologies could arise due to intersections of the O6-planes, which are not well understood in the 10D solution. In this note, we show in explicit examples that such intersections are absent if one compactifies on smooth Calabi-Yau manifolds instead of toroidal orbifolds. In particular, we show that the blow-up of the T6/ℤ3 orbifold yields a single O6-plane which wraps a smooth submanifold without any (self-)intersections. On the other hand, blowing up the T6/$$ {\mathbb{Z}}_3^2 $$

ℤ
3
2

orbifold seems to yield an O6-plane which self-intersects. However, we show that this is due to an inconsistent orientifold involution in the original DGKT model. Imposing a consistent involution again yields a single smooth O6-plane without self-intersections on the blown-up manifold.
Was Ulam right? II: small width and general ideals
Authors: Inamdar Tanmay , Rinot Assaf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe continue our study of Sierpiński-type colourings. In contrast to the prequel paper, we focus here on colourings for ideals stratified by their completeness degree. In particular, improving upon Ulam’s theorem and its extension by Hajnal, it is proved that if $$\kappa $$
κ
is a regular uncountable cardinal that is not weakly compact in L, then there is a universal witness for non-weak-saturation of $$\kappa $$
κ
-complete ideals. Specifically, there are $$\kappa $$
κ
-many decompositions of $$\kappa $$
κ
such that, for every $$\kappa $$
κ
-complete ideal J over $$\kappa $$
κ
, and every $$B\in J^+$$

B
∈

J
+

, one of the decompositions shatters B into $$\kappa $$
κ
-many $$J^+$$

J
+

-sets. A second focus here is the feature of narrowness of colourings, one already present in the theorem of Sierpiński. This feature ensures that a colouring suitable for an ideal is also suitable for all superideals possessing the requisite completeness degree. It is proved that unlike successors of regulars, every successor of a singular cardinal admits such a narrow colouring.