bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of MEtformin hydrochloride 1000 mg ER, SItagliptin phosphate 100 mg, and DApagliflozin propanediol 10 mg in Indian adults with type 2 diabetes: The MESIDA trial
Authors: Singh Awadhesh Kumar , Sahay Rakesh , Gil Navneet , Tripathi Sudhir , Khandelwal Vipul , Basu Indraneel , Shembalkar Jayashree , Srivastava Manoj Kumar , Bhatia Girish , Pathak Vaishali , Dange Amol , Chaudhri Mayura , Naskar Arindam , Mondal Ashish , Gangwal Pawan , Kumar Surendra , Kumar Deepak , Raju Yandrapati gnana sundara , Sorate Sanket , Gavli Onkar , Kumbalkar Sunita , Varade Deepak , Chaudhari Harshal , Prasad Durga , Patil Manoj , Bhagwat Nikhil , Agarwal Rohit , Pandey Arun , Ghosh Soumya , Patil Shubhashree , Kini Vishal , Sharma Akhilesh , Mayabhate Mayur , Pawar Roshan , Rajput Aashish , Shahavi Vinakaya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of triple-drug dapagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin (DSM) compared with FDC of two-drug sitagliptin and metformin (SM), in Indian adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
A multicentric, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, Phase 3 study (CTRI/2021/10/037461) was conducted on 274 Indian adult patients with T2D. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either an FDC of triple-drug (n = 137) dapagliflozin propanediol 10 mg, sitagliptin phosphate 100 mg, and metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg extended-release (DSM) or FDC of two-drug (n = 137) sitagliptin phosphate 100 mg and metformin hydrochloride 1000 mg sustained-release (SM), for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in HbA1c, while the secondary endpoints were changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), body weight, and safety.

Results
Both DSM and SM FDCs reduced HbA1c significantly (-1.45% and -1.00%, respectively, both p < 0.0001), however, HbA1c lowering was superior with DSM (∆ -0.45%; p = 0.0005) compared to SM, at week 16. Similarly, both DSM and SM FDCs reduced FPG and PPG significantly, however, FPG (∆ -12.4 mg/dl; p = 0.003) and PPG reduction (∆ -18.45 mg/dl; p = 0.01) were significantly superior to DSM compared to SM, respectively. No significant reduction in body weight was observed between the two arms. Both FDCs were well tolerated.

Conclusion
FDC of DSM was superior to SM in reducing HbA1c, FPG, and PPG in Indian adults with T2D. Both triple and dual FDCs had optimal safety profiles.
Reconstructed Human Skin with Hypodermis Shows Essential Role of Adipose Tissue in Skin Metabolism
Authors: Jäger Jonas , Vahav Irit , Thon Maria , Waaijman Taco , Spanhaak Bas , de Kok Michael , Bhogal Ranjit K. , Gibbs Susan , Koning Jasper J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background:
Dysregulation of skin metabolism is associated with a plethora of diseases such as psoriasis and dermatitis. Until now, reconstructed human skin (RhS) models lack the metabolic potential of native human skin, thereby limiting their relevance to study human healthy and diseased skin. We aimed to determine whether incorporation of an adipocyte-containing hypodermis into RhS improves its metabolic potential and to identify major metabolic pathways up-regulated in adipose-RhS.

Methods:
Primary human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and differentiated adipose-derived stromal cells were co-cultured in a collagen/fibrin scaffold to create an adipose-RhS. The model was extensively characterized structurally in two- and three-dimensions, by cytokine secretion and RNA-sequencing for metabolic enzyme expression.

Results:
Adipose-RhS showed increased secretion of adipokines. Both RhS and adipose-RhS expressed 29 of 35 metabolic genes expressed in ex vivo native human skin. Addition of the adipose layer resulted in up-regulation of 286 genes in the dermal-adipose fraction of which 7 were involved in phase I (CYP19A1, CYP4F22, CYP3A5, ALDH3B2, EPHX3) and phase II (SULT2B1, GPX3) metabolism. Vitamin A, D and carotenoid metabolic pathways were enriched. Additionally, pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33, IFN-α2, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10, IL-12p70) secretion was reduced in adipose-RhS.

Conclusions:
Adipose-RhS mimics healthy native human skin more closely than traditional RhS since it has a less inflamed phenotype and a higher metabolic activity, indicating the contribution of adipocytes to tissue homeostasis. Therefore it is better suited to study onset of skin diseases and the effect of xenobiotics.
Antiviral Nanomedicine-Based Approaches against Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Abdelmonem Mohamed , Abdullah Che Azurahanim Che , Bastawecy Iman M. , Raof Amal M. A. , Afify Ahmed F. , El Naggar Rania F. , Rohaim Mohammed A. , Munir Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus around the globe with approximately 98% of adults testing positive against EBV. However, EBV infection typically begins early in the childhood. Owing to the ability to infect various body organ, EBV is linked to a broad spectrum of symptoms, diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, since EBV exists in both latent and replicating forms in most healthy individuals, any disruption in the balance between the virus and its host can lead to the development of different diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. Given these circumstances, we draw attention to the crucial need for developing prophylactic measures and treatments for EBV and its associated diseases.

Recent Findings
We propose leveraging the advantages of nanomedicine, such as ferritin and iron oxide nanoparticles, for the creation of EBV vaccines. These advancements can also be applied to developing drugs to treat EBV-associated diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and cytokine storm syndrome.

Summary
We emphasize the urgency of having accessible EBV vaccines, as well as effective treatments for EBV-related diseases, especially when early diagnosis is involved. This approach, which includes comprehensive cytokine profiling for patients, can significantly enhance the effectiveness of treatment programs.
The variance and correlations of the divisor function in $${\mathbb {F}}_q [T]$$, and Hankel matrices
Authors: Yiasemides Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe prove an exact formula for the variance of the divisor function over short intervals in $${\mathcal {A}}:= {\mathbb {F}}_q [T]$$

A
:
=

F
q

[
T
]

, where q is a prime power; and for correlations of the form $$d(A) d(A+B)$$

d
(
A
)
d
(
A
+
B
)

, where we average both A and B over certain intervals in $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
. We also obtain an exact formula for correlations of the form $$d(KQ+N) d (N)$$

d
(
K
Q
+
N
)
d
(
N
)

, where Q is prime and K and N are averaged over certain intervals with $${{\,\textrm{deg}\,}}N \le {{\,\textrm{deg}\,}}Q -1 \le {{\,\textrm{deg}\,}}K$$

deg

N
≤

deg

Q
-
1
≤

deg

K

; and we demonstrate that $$d(KQ+N)$$

d
(
K
Q
+
N
)

and d(N) are uncorrelated. We generalize our results to $$\sigma _z$$

σ
z

defined by $$\sigma _z (A):= \sum _{E \mid A} |A |^z$$

σ
z

(
A
)

:
=

∑

E
∣
A

|
A
|

z

for all monics $$A \in {\mathcal {A}}$$

A
∈
A

. Our approach is to use the orthogonality relations of additive characters on $${\mathbb {F}}_q$$

F
q

to translate the problems to ones involving the ranks of Hankel matrices over $${\mathbb {F}}_q$$

F
q

. We prove several results regarding the rank and kernel structure of these matrices, thus demonstrating their number-theoretic properties. We also discuss extending our method to other divisor sums, such as those involving $$d_k$$

d
k

.
Progressive damage and fracture behavior of brittle rock under multi-axial prestress constraint and cyclic impact load coupling
Authors: Zhang Jinrui , Luo Yi , Huang Junhong , Gong Hangli , Wang Jianping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo explore the progressive damage and fracture mechanics characteristics of brittle rock materials under combined dynamic-static loading. Taking account of the coupling effect of the constraint states of uniaxial stress (σ1 ≥ σ2 = σ3 = 0), biaxial stress (σ1 ≥ σ2 > σ3 = 0) and true triaxial stress (σ1 ≥ σ2 ≥ σ3 ≠ 0) and impact load, the strain rate effect and prestress constraint effect of dynamic mechanical characteristics of sandstone are studied. The progressive damage evolution law of sandstone under the coupling of true triaxial stress constraint and cyclic impact load is discussed. The results show that with the increase of axial stress σ1, the dynamic compressive strength and peak strain gradually decrease, and the strain rate gradually increases, resulting in crushing failure under high strain rate. When the axial stress is fixed, the lateral stress constraint reduces the damage degree of sandstone and improves the dynamic compressive strength. With the increase of strain rate, the sample changes from slight splitting failure to inclined shear failure mode. Under the true triaxial stress constraint, the intermediate principal stress σ2 obviously enhances the dynamic compressive strength of sandstone. Under the constraints of triaxial stress, biaxial stress and uniaxial stress, the enhancement effect of dynamic compressive strength and the deformation resistance of sandstone are weakened in turn. Under the coupling of true triaxial stress constraint and high strain rate, sandstone samples show obvious progressive damage evolution effect under repeated impacts, and eventually inclined shear failure occurs, resulting in complete loss of bearing capacity.
A concise review on BTEX remediation from aqueous solutions by adsorption
Authors: Almuhtaseb Roba M. , Bhagyaraj Sneha , Krupa Igor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe adequate provision of clean water for the emerging population is a global issue. This emphasises the importance of detecting and eradicating toxic pollutants from water and the environment. Being a major pollutant of water resources, the importance of detection and remediation of BTEX compounds from environment is highly significant and challenging. This review article summarises the recent studies provided in literature on the remediation of BTEX from aqueous solution by adsorption process. Adsorption technology is among the most promising technique in BTEX removal due to its low energy requirements, low operating costs, simplicity, and its effectiveness. Different types of adsorptive materials used in BTEX removal from aqueous media are explained together with its classification and effectiveness under number of physicochemical operation factors. The effect of various factors such as temperature, initial BTEX concentration, solution pH, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity and efficiency of BTEX removal by various adsorbents is discussed. It also addresses some prevailing gaps in this area of research together with some suggestions for the upcoming research focuses.
Graphical Abstract
Model Change Active Learning in Graph-Based Semi-supervised Learning
Authors: Miller Kevin S. , Bertozzi Andrea L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractActive learning in semi-supervised classification involves introducing additional labels for unlabelled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying classifier. A challenge is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting the number of new labels. “Model Change” active learning quantifies the resulting change incurred in the classifier by introducing the additional label(s). We pair this idea with graph-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods, that use the spectrum of the graph Laplacian matrix, which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively large computational and storage costs. We consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using the Laplace approximation of the posterior distribution. We show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.
The solvability of inhomogeneous boundary-value problems in Sobolev spaces
Authors: Mikhailets Vladimir , Atlasiuk Olena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to develop a general theory of solvability of linear inhomogeneous boundary-value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations of arbitrary order in Sobolev spaces. Boundary conditions are allowed to be overdetermined or underdetermined. They may contain derivatives, of the unknown vector-valued function, whose integer or fractional orders exceed the order of the differential equation. Similar problems arise naturally in various applications. The theory introduces the notion of a rectangular number characteristic matrix of the problem. The index and Fredholm numbers of this matrix coincide, respectively, with the index and Fredholm numbers of the inhomogeneous boundary-value problem. Unlike the index, the Fredholm numbers (i.e., the dimensions of the problem kernel and co-kernel) are unstable even with respect to small (in the norm) finite-dimensional perturbations. We give examples in which the characteristic matrix can be explicitly found. We also prove a limit theorem for a sequence of characteristic matrices. Specifically, it follows from this theorem that the Fredholm numbers of the problems under investigation are semicontinuous in the strong operator topology. Such a property ceases to be valid in the general case.
Seis2Rock: A Data‐Driven Approach to Direct Petrophysical Inversion of Pre‐Stack Seismic Data
Authors: Corrales M. , Hoteit H. , Ravasi M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inversion of petrophysical parameters from seismic data represents a fundamental step in the process of characterizing the subsurface, with applications ranging from subsurface resource exploration to geothermal, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen storage. We propose a novel, data‐driven approach, named Seis2Rock, that utilizes optimal basis functions learned from well‐log information to create a direct link between pre‐stack seismic data and so‐called band‐limited petrophysical reflectivities. Seis2Rock is composed of two stages: training and inference. During training, a set of optimal basis functions are identified by performing singular value decomposition on one or more synthetic amplitude variation with offset gathers created from measured or rock‐physics synthesized elastic well logs. In inference, seismic pre‐stack data are first projected into a set of band‐limited petrophysical reflectivities using the previously computed basis functions; this is followed by regularized post‐stack seismic inversion of the individual properties. In this work, we apply the Seis2Rock methodology to a synthetic data set based on the Smeaheia reservoir model and to the open Volve field data set. Our numerical results reveal the ability of the proposed method in recovering accurate porosity, shale content, and water saturation models. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied in the context of reservoir monitoring to invert time‐lapse, pre‐stack seismic data for water saturation changes.
Fast Transit of Carbon Inputs in Global Soil Profiles Regardless of Entering Depth
Authors: Wang Guocheng , Wang Mingming , Xiao Liujun , Sierra Carlos A. , Chang Jinfeng , Shi Zhou , Luo Zhongkui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate and land management changes are altering carbon inputs to soil. The consequence of such input changes on long‐term soil organic carbon (SOC) balance depends on the transit behavior of carbon inputs. Using observational carbon input and radiocarbon data in global soil profiles, we reveal that on average nearly 25% of new entering carbon leave soil in 1 year irrespective of entering depth, and the remained fraction after 30 years is only ∼13%. Nevertheless, the majority of SOC is older than 30 years in all soil depths. Together, these results demonstrate low transfer efficiency of carbon inputs to aged SOC which is the meaningful carbon component for long‐term SOC sequestration. Additionally, we reveal that SOC aging and carbon input transiting are two distinct processes, which should be simultaneously, but mechanistical‐separately, considered to predict and manage SOC dynamics in response to carbon input changes under climate and land management changes.
Biodegradation of Ancient Organic Carbon Fuels Seabed Methane Emission at the Arctic Continental Shelves
Authors: You Kehua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores the carbon stability in the Arctic permafrost following the sea‐level transgression since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Arctic permafrost stores a significant amount of organic carbon sequestered as frozen particulate organic carbon, solid methane hydrate and free methane gas. Post‐LGM sea‐level transgression resulted in ocean water, which is up to 20°C warmer compared to the average annual air mass, inundating, and thawing the permafrost. This study develops a one‐dimensional multiphase flow, multicomponent transport numerical model and apply it to investigate the coupled thermal, hydraulic, microbial, and chemical processes occurring in the thawing subsea permafrost. Results show that microbial methane is produced and vented to the seawater immediately upon the flooding of the Arctic continental shelves. This microbial methane is generated by the biodegradation of the previously frozen organic carbon. The maximum seabed methane flux is predicted in the shallow water where the sediment has been warmed up, but the remaining amount of organic carbon is still high. It is less likely to cause seabed methane emission by methane hydrate dissociation. Such a situation only happens when there is a very shallow (∼200 m depth) intra‐permafrost methane hydrate, the occurrence of which is limited. This study provides insights into the limits of methane release from the ongoing flooding of the Arctic permafrost, which is critical to understand the role of the Arctic permafrost in the carbon cycle, ocean chemistry and climate change.
An Empirical Model for Mercury’s Field‐Aligned Currents Derived From MESSENGER Magnetometer Data
Authors: Stephens G. K. , Korth H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMercury is the only planetary magnetosphere which does not possess a significantly conducting ionosphere, yet magnetic field observations by the Mariner 10 and MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) missions revealed a stable presence of large‐scale field‐aligned currents (FACs). Several empirical magnetic field models have been developed to describe Mercury’s magnetospheric currents and their associated magnetic fields, but none attempted to include an explicit description of large‐scale FACs. Here, we describe a dynamic FAC magnetic field model for Mercury based on the analytical solution to conical currents, which are shielded by a dynamic magnetopause boundary. The model contains free parameters setting the FACs' latitudinal extent and amplitude as functions of magnetospheric activity. The parameters are fit by minimizing the root‐mean‐square (RMS) differences between the model and MESSENGER Magnetometer data. During magnetically quiet conditions, the modeled FACs have an intensity of ∼10 nA/m2 and extend in latitude from ∼83°N to ∼40°N. They intensify to ∼20 nA/m2 and expand equatorward to ∼28°N during the most active times. The inclusion of the FAC model reduces low‐altitude RMS residuals by 8.1% when compared to prior models. The model effectively captures the azimuthal component of the magnetic field present in the MESSENGER low‐altitude data, but largely misses the radial and co‐latitudinal components, indicating other large‐scale physics remain missing in the mathematical descriptions of Mercury's magnetosphere.
Possible Global Generation Region of Nonlinear Whistler‐Mode Chorus Emission Waves at Mercury
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Kondo Takeru , Yagitani Satoshi , Hikishima Mitsuru , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChorus waves are a kind of intense electromagnetic emission wave in magnetized planets and can play important roles in the kinetic electron dynamics in planetary magnetospheres. Rapid changes of the ring electron current belt in Mercury’s magnetosphere and the contribution of chorus waves have remained long‐standing scientific issues from the first Mercury flyby observations by Mariner 10 in 1970s because of the small size of the magnetosphere. Based on theoretical analyses and simulations successfully reconstructing Earth’s chorus wave properties, we report on possible generation regions of chorus waves in Mercury’s magnetosphere. The theoretical analysis for low‐temperature‐anisotropy electrons shows a clear asymmetric day–night spatial distribution of the possible chorus generation region because of the difference in the nonlinear convective wave growth along the magnetic field lines. Simulation results show a rapid enhancement of the ring electron current belt by resonant interactions with repetitive chorus waves. Our study suggests that energetic electrons in Mercury’s magnetosphere can be enhanced locally by nonlinear chorus wave–particle interactions.
The Role of Climatological State in Supporting US Heat Waves Through Rossby Waves Packets
Authors: Castañeda Valentina , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile heat waves are local extreme weather events, a slowly propagating planetary‐scale Rossby wave pattern is statistically correlated to the occurrence of heat waves in the US. However, whether this correlation indicates that such planetary wave patterns physically cause the enhanced statistics of local heat waves is debatable. In this work, we hypothesize that the atmospheric climatological state controls the slowly propagating wave pattern, setting up a conducive large‐scale environment for local US heat waves. We implement an idealized dry dynamic core model with an iterative approach to simulate the realistic North American summer climatological state. As the idealized atmospheric model can generate similar zonal wavenumber five planetary wave patterns propagating throughout North America, significantly more heat waves are generated, and the statistics of heat waves become consistent with those estimated in reanalysis products. The slowly propagating Rossby wave packets with a timescale of 20–30 days may serve as a new source of intraseasonal predictability in the midlatitudes.