bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographically guided arterial blood sampling using a handheld Doppler device
Authors: Ngan Michael (Fung) 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available handheld Doppler device for sonographic guidance during arterial blood sampling in patients whose veins are inaccessible and whose arterial pulses are indistinct on palpation. From September 2000 through February 2001, blood samples were obtained from the brachial arteries of 20 patients ranging in age from 60 to 85 years. A commercially available continuous‐wave, handheld Versadopp 10 Doppler device with a 10‐MHz transducer, connected to a stethoscope, was aligned over each patient's brachial artery and used to determine the point of maximum flow. The blood‐collection needle was inserted into the skin and advanced toward the point of maximum flow. Arterial blood samples were successfully obtained with no more than 2 passes in each patient. Sampling was unsuccessful in 2 patients; blood was obtained, however, from the contralateral brachial artery in both patients. This Doppler tool is convenient and easy to use and is helpful for obtaining arterial blood samples from obese or edematous patients whose veins cannot be accessed and who have weak, indistinct arterial pulses. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:158–160, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10048
Could industrial noise be regarded as a risk factor for arterial hypertension?
Authors: Soleo L. , Pesola G. , Vimercati L. , Lasorsa G. , Zocchetti C. , Cassano F. , Palmi S. , Merluzzi F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether occupational noise exposure is a risk factor that may favour a chronic increase of diastolic and systolic blood pressure and a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension. A cross‐sectional study was performed on 1372 workers employed in 11 cement plants in central and southern Italy. In 1985 the workers were subjected to a medical examination during which blood pressure was measured and information about personal features, occupational activity, diseases, family history of hypertension, use of antihypertensive drugs, smoking habit and alcohol intake were also gathered by questionnaire. For each worker noise exposure (dBA) was estimated using a series of indicators representing both the levels of exposure at the time of study and loud energy previously absorbed during the occupational life spent in the industry considered. 41.4% of the examined workers were hypertensive, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition (i.e. systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels ≥140 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels ≥90 mmHg and/or reported antihypertensive treatment). Linear regression analysis showed a positive influence of age, BMI and use of antihypertensive drugs for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Noise exposure, independent of the indicators, was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure only. The logistic regression analysis of the different variables contributing to high blood pressure showed a positive influence of age, BMI and family history of hypertension, while only some indicators of noise exposure were found to be negatively associated with arterial hypertension. Noise exposure, as assessed by all the different indicators used in the study, does not seem to influence systolic arterial pressure, but does have a negative influence on diastolic pressure. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, as defined by WHO criteria, appears negatively associated with noise exposure. The results obtained could be related both to a physiological variation of blood pressure following chronic noise exposure and to an unfavourable combination of elements further accentuated by the limitations of the cross‐sectional study. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevention of occupational and environmental diseases by implementation of ISO14000 and BS8800 for industries
Authors: Wang Jung‐Der , Chung Chih‐Wen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRapid industrialization usually brings both economic development and environmental pollution, which often produces occupational diseases in the workplace and environmental diseases in the nearby community. From experience of documenting 17 occupational diseases, we found that they resulted from a lack of a comprehensive hazard communication system. The spillage of such unknown chemical hazards also produced environmental diseases for the neighbouring factories and community. Because the general treatment of occupational and environmental diseases must include the identification of hazard and taking preventive procedures to avoid further exposure, it is essential to recognize and control the hazard at the start of an industry. Thus, implementation of the life cycle assessment in ISO (International Organization of Standardization) 14000 series will guide an industry to identify and minimize the use of hazardous chemicals. A similar practice of risk assessment and reduction for every unit operation in the production process proposed by BS (British Standard) 8800 will also help to improve occupational health. Although implementation of such systems is a voluntary compliance, actual practice demands the same systems in related or satellite factories and has a strong market implication. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence of a threshold effect for TSP in the Philadelphia data set
Authors: Nicolich Mark J. , Gamble John F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper is to examine the complex set of questions about the PM‐mortality exposure–response (E‐R) relationship by looking at the practical and demonstrable consequences of time series model building and by considering alternate modelling methods.Two questions are posed. The first is how to demonstrate goodness‐of‐fit for an exposure–response model and the effectiveness of a particular term in the model. The second is how to detect poor model fit associated with unusual relationships in the data, such as thresholds or other non‐linear patterns. Suggested solutions are demonstrated using the Philadelphia data set used by Kelsall. These solutions are potentially applicable to other time series data analyses.Examination of the example data indicate several findings. First, the addition of the pollution terms to a model which contains temporal and weather variables has a negligible change on the predictive ability of the model. While the statistical criteria are slightly improved the practical improvement in mortality prediction is minimal. Second, for these data, there is demonstrable evidence that there is a threshold effect for total suspended particulate (TSP) on predicted mortality. The threshold is also seen in the gaseous pollutants. Lastly, the inclusion of terms representing the day of the week statistically improves model fit to a greater extent than the pollution terms.The results from this exercise suggest that several steps should be added to the traditional analysis and presentation of time‐series data. These include visual and tabular presentation of results from each major model and analysis for a threshold at least for the criteria pollutant terms. The presentation elements allow the reader to independently assess model fit and the predictive capabilities of the model. Determination of a threshold allows objective determination of a no adverse effect level. Overall, application of these methods to time‐series analyses provides more specificity for testing the predictive power of the model and for protecting health.Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple roles of adrenomedullin revealed by animal models
Authors: Caron Kathleen M. , Smithies Oliver 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe newly identified adrenomedullin (AM) gene codes for a potent, highly conserved vasodilator that is expressed in many tissues. Many biological functions have been ascribed to AM based on its broad expression pattern and numerous in vitro studies, and it is currently viewed as a multifunctional peptide hormone. Recent advances in gene manipulation have permitted the development of experimental animal systems to help distinguish between gene causes and effects in the context of otherwise normal physiology, and so the normal biological function of the AM gene can be studied within the intact physiological milieu of a whole animal. In this review article, we summarize the recent findings from three different types of genetic experiments involving the AM gene. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:55–59, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional interaction of G protein‐coupled receptors of the adrenomedullin peptide family with accessory receptor‐activity‐modifying proteins (RAMP)
Authors: Born Walter , Muff Roman , Fischer Jan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdrenomedullin (AM), α‐ and β‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), calcitonin (CT), and amylin are homologous polypeptides with overlapping biological actions such as vasodilatation and inhibition of bone resorption. They are brought about through receptors that include the CT receptor (CTR) and an initially orphan CT receptor‐like receptor (CRLR) in association with receptor‐activity‐modifying proteins (RAMP)1, ‐2, and ‐3. Co‐expression of CRLR with RAMP1 or ‐2 revealed CGRP or AM receptors, respectively. The CTR interacts with CT and does not require a known RAMP for functional expression. The same CTR is a CGRP/amylin or an amylin receptor upon co‐expression with RAMP1 or ‐3, respectively. Interactions between CRLR and RAMP are thought to be required for their delivery to the cell surface. There, heterodimeric complexes between CRLR or CTR and the corresponding RAMP reveal high‐affinity receptors for AM, CGRP, and amylin. Here we review the current knowledge on interactions of G protein‐coupled receptors with defined associated proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:14–22, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
mAb 5‐1‐6 nephropathy and nephrin
Authors: Kawachi Hiroshi , Koike Hiroko , Shimizu Fujio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is well established that the glomerular capillary wall consists of three layers: endothelial cell, glomerular basement membrane, and the slit diaphragm bridging foot processes of glomerular epithelial cell. Which structure in the glomerular capillary wall represents the primary filter for retaining plasma proteins is not clearly elucidated. An anti‐slit diaphragm monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5‐1‐6 causes massive proteinuria in rats by single intravenous injection, which clearly indicates that the slit diaphragm plays a critical role for maintaining the barrier function of the glomerular capillary wall. Recently, we concluded that mAb 5‐1‐6 recognized a rat homolog of nephrin, a gene product of NPHS1. The expression of nephrin decreased in puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy and adriamycin nephropathy as well as mAb 5‐1‐6‐induced nephropathy, which suggested that nephrin was involved in the development of proteinuria in these proteinuric states. In mAb 5‐1‐6 nephropathy, the slit diaphragm was maintained morphologically normal, although nephrin expression dramatically decreased. The finding suggested that nephrin was not a sole component of the slit diaphragm. To better understand the structure of the slit diaphragm, it is particularly important to identify other components that build up the structure of the slit diaphragm together with nephrin. Microsc. Res. Tech. 57:236–240, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal and spatial localization of prothymosin α transcript in the Harderian gland of the frog, Rana esculenta
Authors: de Rienzo Gianluca , di Sena Rona , Ferrara Diana , Palmiero Carmela , Baccari Gabriella Chieffi , Minucci Sergio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Harderian gland (hg) is the only orbital gland of the frog Rana esculenta, and it has the essential function of lubricating the eyes. The hg secretory activity is seasonal, showing the highest value in summer. There is, at present, no data on gene expression of the frog hg. This study reports, for the first time, on the temporal and spatial expression of a cDNA clone encoding for the prothymosin α (Prot‐α), a highly acidic nuclear protein present in virtually all mammalian cells. Northern blot analysis revealed a single 1.7 kb transcript detected in the frog hg throughout the year, with a lowest expression in September in concomitance with the minimum secretory activity. In situ hybridization indicated that hg secretory cells express Prot‐α transcript, and the hybridization signal was less intense in the September gland. The constant expression of the frog Prot‐α mRNA during the whole year suggests a constitutive role for this molecule in the hg. In addition, taking into account that, in mammals, many immunomodulatory functions have been attributed to this protein, it is suggested that frog Prot‐α might contribute to the hg immunity processes, probably acting as a protective agent against infections of the eyeball. Interestingly, although the presence of Prot‐α gene in animals other than mammals has been considered to be highly unlikely, the present paper confirms the presence of Prot‐α transcript in a nonmammalian vertebrate, the frog R. esculenta. J. Exp. Zool. 292:633–639, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of inorganic and organic phosphate exposure on aspects of reproduction in the common sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
Authors: Böttger S. Anne , McClintock James B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe common nearshore sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is capable of surviving exposure to inorganic phosphate concentrations as high as 3.2 mg/l–1 and organic phosphate concentrations of 1,000 mg/l–1. However, chronic exposure to low, medium, or high sublethal concentrations of these phosphates inhibits gonadal tissue indices and spawning activity while altering biochemical composition of gonads, reducing size frequencies of oocyte diameters, and changing gonadal volume fractions. Gonad indices declined significantly in individuals maintained in all phosphate concentrations after both one‐ and two‐month exposures, while percentages of ripe individuals (oozing gametes upon dissection) were reduced after a two‐month exposure in individuals maintained in medium and high organic phosphate concentrations. Levels of carbohydrates and lipids were lower in gonads of individuals maintained in all concentrations of both phosphates. Size frequency distributions of oocyte diameters revealed a dramatic decrease in oocyte size with increasing concentrations of both phosphates. Gonadal volume fractions of developing male and female gametes decreased with exposure to increasing phosphate levels. Volume fractions of nutritive phagocytes declined in testes of individuals held in the highest concentration of organic phosphate but displayed no significant change in ovaries. Volume fractions of mature gametes also decreased in gonads of individuals exposed to increasing concentrations of inorganic phosphate, but they remained constant in individuals exposed to all concentrations of organic phosphate. These findings indicate that shallow‐water populations of L. variegatus subjected to inorganic and organic phosphate pollutants will exhibit stress that may impair reproductive output, gametogenesis, and spawning in the natural environment. J. Exp. Zool. 292:660–671, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transport of 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ by Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing mRNA from lobster hepatopancreas
Authors: Mandal Anita , Mandal Prabir , Ahearn Gregory 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a functional assay system to express crustacean epithelial electrogenic 2Na+/1H+ antiporters in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Subsequent publications will use this assay method to establish nucleotide and amino acid sequence information about this transporter by functionally screening an hepatopancreatic cDNA library. In this method, oocytes were injected with hepatopancreatic mRNA (50 ng) isolated from Homarus americanus, while control oocytes received injections of an equivalent volume of distilled water. Three to five days post‐injection, oocytes were incubated in media containing either 22Na+ or 45Ca2+ for specific time intervals and the rates of ion transfer into the oocytes were monitored under a variety of experimental conditions. Uptakes of both radiolabelled cations were stimulated by mRNA injection. mRNA‐stimulated 22Na+ uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by addition of calcium, amiloride, or by an antiporter‐specific monoclonal antibody to the external medium. mRNA‐stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by addition of sodium, amiloride, cadmium, zinc, or by the antiporter‐specific monoclonal antibody (also inhibitory for 22Na+ transport) to the external medium. The kinetics of 22Na+ influx in mRNA‐injected oocytes were sigmoidal functions of external sodium concentration, exhibiting a Hill Coefficient (n) of approximately 3.0. Both calcium and amiloride significantly (P < 0.05) reduced sigmoidal sodium influx kinetics by alterations in the Jmax (amiloride) or KNa (calcium) of the transporter. Size fractionation of hepatopancreatic mRNA resulted in a single fraction that was most stimulatory for sodium and calcium transport and which likely contains the antiporter transcript. The results of this study provide the basis for using 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ transport assays of lobster mRNA‐injected oocytes to functionally screen an hepatopancreatic cDNA library for clones that will provide full length nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the invertebrate electrogenic 2Na+/1H+ antiporter protein. J. Exp. Zool. 290:347–358, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual differentiation of germ cell deficient gonads in the medaka, Oryzias latipes
Authors: Shinomiya Ai , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Shibata Naoki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo determine whether germ cells perform any function in gonadal sexual differentiation, development of gonads in the medaka, Oryzias latipes, after exposure to busulfan was investigated. Busulfan suppressed proliferation of early germ cells, thus significantly reducing the number of germ cells and generating regions without germ cells in the developing gonads. Globular structures were observed in the parenchyma in these regions. The structure was male specific, developed at the same time as acinus (seminiferous tubule precursor), surrounded by the basal lamina, and contained characteristic desmosomes. These results strongly suggest that these globular structures are the precursors of seminiferous tubules devoid of germ cells. In the ovary, no follicles were observed but a well‐developed ovarian cavity was evident. From these results we conclude that differentiation of gonadal parenchyma cells, except for follicular ones, is not germ cell dependent, though morphological differentiation of the somatic cells seems to follow the differentiation of germ cells. J. Exp. Zool. 290:402–410, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On graphs whose line graphs have crossing number one*
Authors: Jendrol' Stanislav , Kles̆c̆ Marián 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions are given for a nonplanar graph to have a line graph with crossing number one. This corrects some errors in Kulli et al. 4. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 181–188, 2001
Note on a min‐max conjecture of Woodall
Authors: Lee Orlando , Wakabayashi Yoshiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn 1978 Woodall [6] conjectured the following: in a planar digraph the size of a shortest cycle is equal to the maximum cardinality of a collection of disjoint tranversals of cycles. We prove that this conjecture is true when the digraph is series‐parallel. In fact, we prove a stronger weighted version that gives the latter result as a corollary. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 38: 36–41, 2001
Regional co‐operation policies in Central Asia
Authors: Green David Jay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the need for a set of policies encouraging economic co‐operation within the former Soviet Union states of Central Asia.Central Asia is the focus of this report; however, the argument emphasizing the need for international assistance to support regional cooperation is valid for the countries of the Caucuses and in some of Eastern Europe, especially the Balkan states.
Regional co‐operation is seen as a means to mitigate the difficulties of managing a transition from Soviet‐command economies to market‐based institutions given especially the extreme distances to industrialized marketplaces. Co‐operation will not be a natural consequence of existing tendencies that encourage a lack of trust and inward looking national policies. Policy commitments are needed to develop transport, trade and transit within and to the region from foreign markets. The international community must encourage economic cooperation that reduces cross‐border political insecurity and provides scope for sustainable economic growth. These efforts may require subsuming bilateral relations under coordinated regional programmes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the source of financing matter? Financial markets, financial intermediaries and investment in India
Authors: Ganesh‐Kumar A. , Sen Kunal , Vaidya Rajendra R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper extends the literature on finance and investment by examining the source of finance constraints on the firm's investment decisions. Using a panel of 714 Indian manufacturing firms for the period 1993–98, we find that the degree of ‘finance constraint’ differs significantly across external suppliers of funds with investments being most sensitive to borrowings from development finance institutions (DFIs) and considerably less sensitive to funds from capital markets and commercial banks. Capital markets and commercial banks seem to use outward orientation as a signal of the firm's ability to succeed whereas DFIs do not seem to have adopted such a criterion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosynthesis and PET studies of [11C]RJR‐2403, a nicotinic agonist
Authors: Studenov Andrei R. , Wegner Adam M. , Ding Yu‐Shin 
Published: August 2002

Abstract(E)‐N‐methyl‐4‐(3‐pyridinyl)‐3‐butene‐1‐amine (RJR‐2403, or metanicotine), a nicotinic agonist developed as a cognitive‐enhancing drug for Alzheimer's disease, was labeled with carbon‐11 using [11C]methyl iodide via a simple and efficient one‐step procedure. Regioselectivity of [11C]methylation on the aliphatic nitrogen versus pyridine nitrogen is strongly dependent on the reaction solvent. The reaction in acetonitrile exclusively yields aliphatic N‐[11C‐methyl]alkylation ([11C]RJR‐2403), while only a byproduct is formed when DMF is used as a solvent. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies in baboon showed a homogeneous distribution of radioactivity within baboon brain with a slow clearance. [11C]RJR‐2403 was metabolized very rapidly as evidenced by the fact that at 2 min after intravenous injection only 50% of the total carbon‐11 in plasma is parent compound. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No‐carrier‐added, 18F‐labelling of a cholesterol derivative, used in detection of adrenal malignancies
Authors: Jalilian Amir Reza , Bineshmarvasti Maria , Rafii Hamid , Afarideh Hossein , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: August 2002

Abstract[18F]Cholesteryl 4‐(fluoromethyl)benzoate 6b was prepared from 3‐cholesteryl [(4‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl)oxymethyl]benzoate in one step using K+‐Kryptofix 2.2.2, as counter ion and acetonitrile as the solvent at 40–60°C. The product was isolated by HPLC in 75% (decay corrected) radiochemical yield with a radiochemical purity of more than 90% in 30 min (specific radioactivity 2000–2500 Ci/mmol). Biodistribution studies in mice showed that a high target/non‐target ratio of radioactivity was obtained in adrenal and ovaries. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.