bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the evolution and formation of discharge morphology in pulsed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: CHEN 陈 Xingyu 星宇 , LI 李 Mengqi 孟琦 , WANG 王 Weiyi 威逸 , ZHANG 张 Quanzhi 权治 , PENG 彭 Tao 涛 , XIONG 熊 Zilan 紫兰 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude, discharge gap, and O2 content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the U-shaped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique U-shaped region appears in the middle edge region when the gap is larger than 2 mm, while the entire discharge region remains columnar under a 2 mm gap in He PDBD. The width of the discharge and the U-shaped region increase with the increase in voltage, and decrease with the increase of the gap and O2 content. To explain this phenomenon, a two-dimensional symmetric model was developed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of different species and calculate the electric thrust. The discharge morphology evolution directly corresponds to the excited-state atomic reduction process. The electric thrust on the charged particles mainly determines the reaction region and strongly influences the U-shaped formation. When the gap is less than 2 mm, the electric thrust is homogeneous throughout the entire region, resulting in a columnar shape. However, when the gap is larger than 2 mm or O2 is added, the electric thrust in the edge region becomes greater than that in the middle, leading to the U-shaped formation. Furthermore, in He PDBD, the charged particles generating electric thrust are mainly electrons and helium ions, while in He/O2 PDBD those that generate electric thrust at the outer edge of the electrode surface are mainly various oxygen-containing ions.
Scalable and cost-effective fabrication of high-performance self-powered heterojunction UV-photodetectors using slot-die printing of triple-cation lead perovskite coupled with triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Mahmoodpour Sajjad , Shooshtari Leyla , Rafiefard Nassim , Mohammadpour Raheleh , Taghavinia Nima , Vashaee Daryoosh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The demand for continuous monitoring of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which poses significant health risks, has grown significantly with the advent of the internet of things (IoT) for human health. The need for a self-powered system that does not rely on battery charging in environmental conditions has led to the exploration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as a promising energy source for sensor systems. In this study, we present a fully printed UV photodetector (UV-PD) that is fabricated through scalable slot-die printing of either single-layer triple-cation mixed halide perovskite (TCMHP) or a heterojunction of TiO2/TCMHP on patterned fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The integrated TENG generates the required energy from the tapping of Kapton to the FTO contact, making the device self-powered. Our self-powered PD exhibits an excellent responsivity and detectivity of 71.4 mA W−1 and 6.92 × 1010 Jones, respectively, under a 395 nm wavelength, significantly outperforming spin-coated TCMHP-based devices. We further optimized the performance of our integrated TENG-powered heterojunction TiO2/TCMHP UV-PD by fabricating sensors with groove spacings of 2, 3, 5, and 8 mm. The optimized device demonstrated an unprecedented responsivity, detectivity, and EQE% of 151.9 mA W−1, 1.29 × 1011 Jones, and 47.8%, respectively, under UV irradiation. Our work represents a significant step towards large-scale industrial flexible self-powered UV detection devices that can protect human health and safety. This study highlights the potential of scalable and cost-effective slot-die printing techniques for the industrial production of high-performance self-powered UV sensors, with significant implications for IoT-based health monitoring and environmental protection applications.
Using random forest for brain tissue identification by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Giang Chau Minh , Cai Qingan , Badie Behnam , Sheng Jun , Li Chen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The traditional definitive diagnosis of brain tumors is performed by needle biopsy under the guidance of imaging-based exams. This paradigm is based on the experience of radiogolists, and accuracy could be affected by uncertainty in imaging interpretation and needle placement. Raman spectroscopy has the potential to improve needle biopsy by providing fingerprints of different materials and performing in situ tissue identification. In this paper, we present the development of a supervised machine learning algorithm using random forest (RF) to distinguish the Raman spectrum of different types of tissue. An integral process from raw data collection and preprocessing to model training and evaluation is presented. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, viable animal tissues were used, including ectocinerea (grey matter), alba (white matter) and blood vessels. Raman spectra were acquired using a custom-built Raman spectrometer. The hyperparameters of the RF model were determined by combining a cross-validation-based algorithm and manually adjusting. The experimental results show the ability of our approach to discriminate different types of tissues with high accuracy.
A transformer-based genomic prediction method fused with knowledge-guided module
Authors: Wu Cuiling , Zhang Yiyi , Ying Zhiwen , Li Ling , Wang Jun , Yu Hui , Zhang Mengchen , Feng Xianzhong , Wei Xinghua , Xu Xiaogang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Genomic prediction (GP) uses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to establish associations between markers and phenotypes. Selection of early individuals by genomic estimated breeding value shortens the generation interval and speeds up the breeding process. Recently, methods based on deep learning (DL) have gained great attention in the field of GP. In this study, we explore the application of Transformer-based structures to GP and develop a novel deep-learning model named GPformer. GPformer obtains a global view by gleaning beneficial information from all relevant SNPs regardless of the physical distance between SNPs. Comprehensive experimental results on five different crop datasets show that GPformer outperforms ridge regression-based linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP), support vector regression (SVR), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and deep neural network genomic prediction (DNNGP) in terms of mean absolute error, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the proposed metric consistent index. Furthermore, we introduce a knowledge-guided module (KGM) to extract genome-wide association studies-based information, which is fused into GPformer as prior knowledge. KGM is very flexible and can be plugged into any DL network. Ablation studies of KGM on three datasets illustrate the efficiency of KGM adequately. Moreover, GPformer is robust and stable to hyperparameters and can generalize to each phenotype of every dataset, which is suitable for practical application scenarios.
Nodal positivity in patients with clinically and radiologically node-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: multicentre collaborative study
Authors: Zaborowski Alexandra M , Doogan Katie , Clifford Siobhan , Dowling Gavin , Kazi Farah , Delaney Karina , Yadav Himanshu , Brady Aaron , Geraghty James , Evoy Denis , Rothwell Jane , McCartan Damian , Heeney Anna , Barry Mitchel , Walsh Siun M , Stokes Maurice , Kell Malcolm R , Allen Michael , Power Colm , Hill Arnold D K , Connolly Elizabeth , Alazawi Dhafir , Boyle Terence , Corrigan Mark , O’Leary Peter , Prichard Ruth S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The necessity of performing a sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with clinically and radiologically node-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been questioned. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of nodal positivity in these patients and to identify clinicopathological features associated with lymph node metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypN+).

Methods
A retrospective multicentre study was performed. Patients with cT1–3 cN0 breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2016 and 2021 were included. Negative nodal status was defined as the absence of palpable lymph nodes, and the absence of suspicious nodes on axillary ultrasonography, or the absence of tumour cells on axillary nodal fine needle aspiration or core biopsy.

Results
A total of 371 patients were analysed. Overall, 47 patients (12.7%) had a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Nodal positivity was identified in 22 patients (29.0%) with hormone receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2− tumours, 12 patients (13.8%) with hormone receptor+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ tumours, 3 patients (5.6%) with hormone receptor−/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2+ tumours, and 10 patients (6.5%) with triple-negative breast cancer. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that multicentric disease was associated with a higher likelihood of ypN+ (OR 2.66, 95% c.i. 1.18 to 6.01; P = 0.018), whilst a radiological complete response in the breast was associated with a reduced likelihood of ypN+ (OR 0.10, 95% c.i. 0.02 to 0.42; P = 0.002), regardless of molecular subtype. Only 3% of patients who had a radiological complete response in the breast were ypN+. The majority of patients (85%) with a positive sentinel node proceeded to axillary lymph node dissection and 93% had N1 disease.

Conclusion
The rate of sentinel lymph node positivity in patients who achieve a radiological complete response in the breast is exceptionally low for all molecular subtypes.
Preoperative multimodal prehabilitation before elective colorectal cancer surgery in patients with WHO performance status I or II: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bojesen Rasmus Dahlin , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Skou Søren Thorgaard , Jørgensen Lars Bo , Walker Line Rosell , Eriksen Jens Ravn , Grube Camilla , Justesen Tobias Freyberg , Johansen Christoffer , Slooter Gerrit , Carli Franco , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Multimodal prehabilitation is a promising adjunct to the current surgical treatment pathway for colorectal cancer patients to further improve postoperative outcomes, especially for high-risk patients with low functional capacity. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of prehabilitation on immediate postoperative recovery.

Method
The study was designed as a RCT with two arms (intervention and control). The intervention consisted of 4 weeks of multimodal prehabilitation, with supervised physical training, nutritional support and medical optimization. The control group received standard of care. A total of 40 patients with colorectal cancer (WHO performance status I or II) undergoing elective surgery with curative intent were included. The primary outcome was postoperative recovery within the first 3 postoperative days, measured by Quality of Recovery-15, a validated questionnaire with a scoring range between 0 and 150 and a minimal clinically relevant difference of 8.

Results
In total, 36 patients were analysed with 16 in the intervention group and 20 in the control group. The mean age of the included patients was 79 years. The overall treatment effect associated with the intervention was a 21.9 (95% c.i. 4.5–39.3) higher quality of recovery-15 score during the first 3 postoperative days compared to control, well above the minimal clinically relevant difference.

Conclusion
Four weeks of multimodal prehabilitation prior to elective curative intended colorectal cancer surgery in patients with WHO performance status I or II was associated with a clinically relevant improvement in postoperative recovery.
Registration number: NCT04167436 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Subthalamic nucleus shows opposite functional connectivity pattern in Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Evangelisti Stefania , Boessenkool Sirius , Pflanz Chris Patrick , Basting Romina , Betts Jill F , Jenkinson Mark , Clare Stuart , Muhammed Kinan , LeHeron Campbell , Armstrong Richard , Klein Johannes C , Husain Masud , Nemeth Andrea H , Hu Michele T , Douaud Gwenaëlle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease are two movement disorders representing mainly opposite states of the basal ganglia inhibitory function. Despite being an integral part of the cortico-subcortico-cortical circuitry, the subthalamic nucleus function has been studied at the level of detail required to isolate its signal only through invasive studies in Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease. Here, we tested whether the subthalamic nucleus exhibited opposite functional signatures in early Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease. We included both movement disorders in the same whole-brain imaging study, and leveraged ultra-high-field 7T MRI to achieve the very fine resolution needed to investigate the smallest of the basal ganglia nuclei. Eleven of the 12 Huntington’s disease carriers were recruited at a premanifest stage, while 16 of the 18 Parkinson’s disease patients only exhibited unilateral motor symptoms (15 were at Stage I of Hoehn and Yahr off medication). Our group comparison interaction analyses, including 24 healthy controls, revealed a differential effect of Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease on the functional connectivity at rest of the subthalamic nucleus within the sensorimotor network, i.e. an opposite effect compared with their respective age-matched healthy control groups. This differential impact in the subthalamic nucleus included an area precisely corresponding to the deep brain stimulation ‘sweet spot’—the area with maximum overall efficacy—in Parkinson’s disease. Importantly, the severity of deviation away from controls’ resting-state values in the subthalamic nucleus was associated with the severity of motor and cognitive symptoms in both diseases, despite functional connectivity going in opposite directions in each disorder. We also observed an altered, opposite impact of Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease on functional connectivity within the sensorimotor cortex, once again with relevant associations with clinical symptoms. The high resolution offered by the 7T scanner has thus made it possible to explore the complex interplay between the disease effects and their contribution on the subthalamic nucleus, and sensorimotor cortex. Taken altogether, these findings reveal for the first time non-invasively in humans a differential, clinically meaningful impact of the pathophysiological process of these two movement disorders on the overall sensorimotor functional connection of the subthalamic nucleus and sensorimotor cortex.
Revisiting the outcome of adult wild-type Htt inactivation in the context of HTT-lowering strategies for Huntington’s disease
Authors: Regio Sara , Vachey Gabriel , Goñi Enrique , Duarte Fabio , Rybarikova Margareta , Sipion Mélanie , Rey Maria , Huarte Maite , Déglon Nicole 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Huntingtin-lowering strategies are central to therapeutic approaches for Huntington’s disease. Recent studies reported the induction of age- and cell type-specific phenotypes by conditional huntingtin knockout, but these experimental conditions did not precisely mimic huntingtin-lowering or gene-editing conditions in terms of the cells targeted and brain distribution, and no transcriptional profiles were provided. Here, we used the adeno-associated delivery system commonly used in CNS gene therapy programmes and the self-inactivating KamiCas9 gene-editing system to investigate the long-term consequences of wild-type mouse huntingtin inactivation in adult neurons and, thus, the feasibility and safety of huntingtin inactivation in these cells. Behavioural and neuropathological analyses and single-nuclei RNA sequencing indicated that huntingtin editing in 77% of striatal neurons and 16% of cortical projecting neurons in adult mice induced no behavioural deficits or cellular toxicity. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing in 11.5-month-old animals showed that huntingtin inactivation did not alter striatal-cell profiles or proportions. Few differentially expressed genes were identified and Augur analysis confirmed an extremely limited response to huntingtin inactivation in all cell types. Our results therefore indicate that wild-type huntingtin inactivation in adult striatal and projection neurons is well tolerated in the long term.
Positive perceptions of virtual didactics during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of dermatology residents’ satisfaction, perception of efficacy and preferences
Authors: Schlessel Marc , Nakamura Mio , Wang Frank 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, resident didactics at many institutions, including ours, were transitioned from in-person to virtual.

Objectives
We aimed to examine dermatology residents’ attitudes towards virtual didactics, assessing their satisfaction, impression of effectiveness and preference, along with factors correlating with these responses.

Methods
An online questionnaire was administered to dermatology residents at our institution 3–6 months following the transition to virtual didactics.

Results
The response rate was 26 of 31 residents (84%). Of the 26 respondents, 20 (77%) expressed satisfaction, 15 (58%) effectiveness and 12 (46%) a preference towards virtual didactics. Factors associated with satisfaction included feeling that virtual didactics positively impacted learning retention, represented time well spent and utilized high-quality images. Perception of effectiveness correlated with using high-quality images, baseline preference for online instruction and feeling engaged. Factors associated with preference for virtual didactics included having opportunities for critical thinking, using high-quality images and utilizing images applicable to teledermatology care. Advantages of virtual didactics included convenience, decreased commuting and easily hosting guest lecturers. Disadvantages included distractions/decreased focus, reduced social interaction and difficulty with communication.

Conclusions
Residents expressed satisfaction with, effectiveness of and some preference towards virtual didactics, which correlated with numerous factors relating to the learning environment, prior educational experiences and technology. Our findings suggest that it is reasonable to maintain a virtual didactic component as part of dermatology resident education. Furthermore, our data provide insights into strategies that residency programme directors and educators may consider when/if integrating virtual didactics into future educational curricula.
Femora of women with premature ovarian insufficiency exhibit reduced strength and misalignment with the transmitted vertical forces from the upper body
Authors: Samad Navira , Nguyen Hanh H , Aleksova Jasna , Pasco Julie A , Kotowicz Mark A , Ebeling Peter R , Vincent Amanda J , Zebaze Roger , Milat Frances 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) lack oestrogen, which is a key determinant of bone growth, epiphyseal closure, and bone tissue organisation. Although dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)–derived areal bone mineral density (BMD) remains the gold standard for fracture risk evaluation, it does not fully characterise the skeletal abnormalities present in these women. Hence, we aimed to assess hip/femur anatomy, strength, and geometry and femoral alignment using advanced hip analysis (AHA).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, case–control study including 89 women with spontaneous normal karyotype POI (s-POI) or iatrogenic POI (i-POI), aged 20-50 years compared with 89 age- and body mass index (BMI)–matched population-based female controls. Hip anatomy, strength, geometrical parameters, and femur alignment were measured using hip DXA images and Lunar AHA software. Femoral orientation angle (FOA) was quantified as the overall orientation of the femur with respect to the axis of the forces transmitted from the upper body.

Results
The median age of POI diagnosis was 35 (18-40) years; the mean POI duration at the time of DXA was 2.07 (range 0-13) years, and 84% of POI women received oestrogen therapy. Areal BMD at all sites was significantly lower in the POI group (all P &lt; .05). Indices of compressive and bending strength were lower in women with POI compared with controls, specifically the cross-sectional area (CSA, mm2) and section modulus (SM, mm3) (139.30 ± 29.08 vs 157.29 ± 22.26, P &lt; .001 and 665.21 ± 129.54 vs 575.53 ± 150.88, P &lt; .001, respectively). The FOA was smaller (124.99 ± 3.18) in women with POI as compared with controls (128.04 ± 3.80; P &lt; .001) at baseline and after adjusting for height and femoral neck BMD.

Conclusion
Alongside lower BMD at multiple sites, the femora of women with POI demonstrate reduced strength and a misalignment with forces transmitted from the upper body. Further research is needed to establish the role of these newly identified features and their role in fracture risk prediction in this population.
Efficacy of a web-based healthcare innovation to advance the quality of life and care of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ACQUIRE-ICD): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Skov Ole , Johansen Jens Brock , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Larroudé Charlotte E , Riahi Sam , Melchior Thomas M , Vinther Michael , Skovbakke Søren Jensen , Rottmann Nina , Wiil Uffe Kock , Brandt Carl Joakim , Smolderen Kim G , Spertus John A , Pedersen Susanne S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
Modern clinical management of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) largely consists of remote device monitoring, although a subset is at risk of mental health issues post-implantation. We compared a 12-month web-based intervention consisting of goal setting, monitoring of patients’ mental health—with a psychological intervention if needed—psychoeducational support from a nurse, and an online patient forum, with usual care on participants’ device acceptance 12 months after implantation.

Methods and results
This national, multi-site, two-arm, non-blinded, randomized, controlled, superiority trial enrolled 478 first-time ICD recipients from all 6 implantation centres in Denmark. The primary endpoint was patient device acceptance measured by the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS; general score range = 0–100, with higher scores indicating higher device acceptance) 12 months after implantation. Secondary endpoints included symptoms of depression and anxiety. The primary endpoint of device acceptance was not different between groups at 12 months [B = −2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−5.62, 0.29), P = 0.08]. Furthermore, the secondary endpoint analyses showed no significant treatment effect on either depressive [B = −0.49, 95% CI (−1.19; 0.21), P = 0.17] or anxiety symptoms [B = −0.39, 95% CI (−0.96; 0.18), P = 0.18].

Conclusion
The web-based intervention as supplement to usual care did not improve patient device acceptance nor symptoms of anxiety and depression compared with usual care. This specific web-based intervention thus cannot be recommended as a standardized intervention in ICD patients.
Rates of convergence for chains of expansive Markov Operators
Authors: Hermer Neal , Luke D Russell , Sturm Anja 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We provide conditions that guarantee local rates of convergence in distribution of iterated random functions that are not nonexpansive mappings in locally compact Hadamard spaces. Our results are applied to stochastic instances of common algorithms in optimization, stochastic tomography for X-FEL imaging and a stochastic algorithm for the computation of Fréchet means in model spaces for phylogenetic trees.