bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization and Chromosomal Distribution of Galileo, Kepler and Newton, Three Foldback Transposable Elements of the Drosophila buzzatii Species ComplexSequence data from this article have been deposited in the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY756161, AY756162, AY756163, AY756164, AY756165, AY756166, AY756167, AY756168, AY756169, AY756170.
Authors: Casals Ferran , Cáceres Mario , Manfrin Maura Helena , González Josefa , Ruiz Alfredo 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Galileo is a foldback transposable element that has been implicated in the generation of two polymorphic chromosomal inversions in Drosophila buzzatii. Analysis of the inversion breakpoints led to the discovery of two additional elements, called Kepler and Newton, sharing sequence and structural similarities with Galileo. Here, we describe in detail the molecular structure of these three elements, on the basis of the 13 copies found at the inversion breakpoints plus 10 additional copies isolated during this work. Similarly to the foldback elements described in other organisms, these elements have long inverted terminal repeats, which in the case of Galileo possess a complex structure and display a high degree of internal variability between copies. A phylogenetic tree built with their shared sequences shows that the three elements are closely related and diverged ∼10 million years ago. We have also analyzed the abundance and chromosomal distribution of these elements in D. buzzatii and other species of the repleta group by Southern analysis and in situ hybridization. Overall, the results suggest that these foldback elements are present in all the buzzatti complex species and may have played an important role in shaping their genomes. In addition, we show that recombination rate is the main factor determining the chromosomal distribution of these elements.
Systematic Repeat Addition at a Precise Location in the Coding Region of the Involucrin Gene of Wild Mice Reveals Their PhylogenySequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank data libraries under accession nos. AY898707, AY898708, AY898709, AY898710, AY898711, AY898712, AY898713, AY898714, AY898715, AY898716, AY898717, AY898718, AY898719, AY898720, AY898721, AY898722, AY898723, AY898724, AY898725, AY898726.
Authors: Djian Philippe , Delhomme Brigitte 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The involucrin gene encodes a protein of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Its segment of repeats, which represents up to 80% of the coding region, is highly polymorphic in mouse strains derived from wild progenitors. Polymorphism includes nucleotide substitutions, but is most strikingly due to the recent addition of a variable number of repeats at a precise location within the segment of repeats. Each mouse taxon examined showed consistent and distinctive patterns of evolution of its variable region: very rapid changes in most M. m. domesticus alleles, slow changes in M. m. musculus, and complete arrest in M. spretus. We conclude that changes in the variable region are controlled by the genetic background. One of the M. m. domesticus alleles (DIK-L), which is of M. m. musculus origin, has undergone a recent repeat duplication typical of M. m. domesticus. This suggests that the genetic background controls repeat duplications through trans-acting factors. Because the repeat pattern differs in closely related murine taxa, involucrin reveals with greater sensitivity than random nucleotide substitutions the evolutionary relations of the mouse and probably of all murids.
Increased Virulence and Competitive Advantage of a/α Over a/a or α/α Offspring Conserves the Mating System of Candida albicans
Authors: Lockhart Shawn R , Wu Wei , Radke Joshua B , Zhao Rui , Soll David R 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The majority of Candida albicans strains in nature are a/α and must undergo homozygosis to a/a or α/α to mate. Here we have used a mouse model for systemic infection to test the hypothesis that a/α strains predominate in nature because they have a competitive advantage over a/a and α/α offspring in colonizing hosts. Single-strain injection experiments revealed that a/α strains were far more virulent than either their a/a or α/α offspring. When equal numbers of parent a/α and offspring a/a or α/α cells were co-injected, a/α always exhibited a competitive advantage at the time of extreme host morbidity or death. When equal numbers of an engineered a/a/α2 strain and its isogenic a/a parent strain were co-injected, the a/a/α2 strain exhibited a competitive advantage at the time of host morbidity or death, suggesting that the genotype of the mating-type (MTL) locus, not associated genes on chromosome 5, provides a competitive advantage. We therefore propose that heterozygosity at the MTL locus not only represses white-opaque switching and genes involved in the mating process, but also affects virulence, providing a competitive advantage to the a/α genotype that conserves the mating system of C. albicans in nature.
Aging, non‐ergodicity, and lévy statistics for blinking nanocrystals
Authors: Barkai Eli , Margolin Gennady 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe briefly review phenomenological properties of the intermittency behavior of blinking nanocrystals (i.e., quantum dots). Special emphasis is given to the properties of intensity correlation function that exhibit behaviors mentioned in the title. We discuss models which can be used to explain the strange kinetics of the blinking nanocrystals.
Asymmetry as a Measure of Embryological Stress in Golden Shiners
Authors: Green Chris C , Lochmann Steve E 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Recent changes in techniques for producing farm-raised baitfish include spawning and hatching indoors, advances that provide better control over these steps during the production cycle. However, developing embryos experience different conditions indoors than in the traditional outdoors pond production technique. Stress during embryological development can result in small random differences between the left and right sides of a bilateral trait. For characters influenced by the environment, the degree of asymmetry can be a measure of the level of stress experienced during embryological development. Asymmetry was compared in morphological characters between two groups of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas representing indoor and outdoor spawning and hatching techniques. Relative weight was also compared in fingerlings produced by the two techniques. There were no differences in asymmetry between the two groups for seven characters. Two characters were significantly more asymmetric in the group produced indoors, but one character was significantly more asymmetric in the group produced outdoors. Relative weight did not differ between the two groups. Based on the assumption that these characters are influenced by the environment and on observed similarities in asymmetry and relative weight, no consistent differences in embryological stress resulting from the two different production techniques were found.
Husbandry Notes on the Lesser Electric Ray
Authors: Dean Mason N , Nietfeld Theresa E , Conklin Daniel S 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The lesser electric ray Narcine brasiliensis is a small member of the electric ray order Torpediniformes (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea). Although common circumglobally in the wild, this genus does not traditionally fare well in captivity. This study expands on methods previously published for captive maintenance of the lesser electric ray in large recirculating systems and outlines the husbandry of this species in displays equivalent to those in public aquaria. Once conditioned, rays will feed readily on polychaetes and shrimp; however, this species is prone to monogenean infestation and subsequent bacterial infections. As a result of parasitic infestation, these rays must be monitored carefully for anorexia. Common warning signs and administration of medication are outlined. Prophylactic treatment with the antihelminthic Praziquantel is required if the animals are to be maintained for any length of time in a closed recirculating system. To reduce ventral abrasion and facilitate capture of natural prey (in which polychaetes are excavated with the jaws), we recommend using fine sand or silt sediment for aquaria substrate.
An Extender Solution for the Short-Term Storage of Sturgeon Semen
Authors: Park Chulhong , Chapman Frank A 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
An extender solution was developed to prolong the time that semen from sturgeons could be stored in the refrigerator, thus greatly improving the artificial propagation of these species for purposes of conservation and commercial aquaculture. Semen from Gulf of Mexico sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi and shortnose sturgeon A. brevirostrum was used to develop the extender media. Fresh semen from sturgeon is traditionally stored whole and undiluted in the refrigerator along with pure oxygen. The fertilizing capacity of semen stored in this manner is usually maintained for 12– 36 h. The mixing of fresh semen with an artificial extender solution significantly (P &lt; 0.05) prolonged the refrigerated storage time of spermatozoa and maintained sperm motility for up to 21–28 d at 4°C. No significant differences in fertilization capacity were observed between fresh semen and semen diluted with the extender and stored from 3 to 18 d.
The Effects of Size Grading on Production Efficiency and Growth Performance of Yellow Perch in Earthen Ponds
Authors: Wallat G K , Tiu L G , Wang H P , Rapp D , Leighfield C 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The culture of yellow perch Perca flavescens has received considerable interest in the Midwest and elsewhere in the USA as a result of the decline of wild populations and their high market demand. In this study, the effects of size-grading on the production efficiency and growth performance of food-sized yellow perch were determined in six 0.1-ha ponds by grading fingerlings into three size-groups (mean initial size): small (5.3 g), large (18.3 g), and unsorted (11.3 g). The mean percentage of marketable production from large-group ponds was significantly greater than that from the small- and ungraded-group ponds. The final biomass of large size-groups was 77% and 27% greater than that of small and ungraded groups, respectively, although no significant differences in total production were detected among the three size-groups. Size-sorting of fingerling yellow perch did not result in improved growth of the small-fish group. No significant differences in growth rates among the three groups were detected in either the first half-year (winter–spring) or the second half-year (summer–fall) period. The growth performance of the three groups indicates that yellow perch populations under culture conditions experience a bimodal growth pattern, with two distinct size-groups. The coefficient of variation (CV) in both weight and length for the small-group fish increased about 80%, whereas the CV in the ungraded and large groups showed some reduction. The results indicate that grading by size should be advantageous to those wishing to culture yellow perch to food fish size in the second year. The significantly different results for the percentage of fish reaching market size among the large (65%), ungraded (53%), and small (35%) groups suggest that perch should be selectively graded by at least the end of one year of intensive culture to increase the number of individuals with the potential to reach market size.
A Simple Assay to Compare Zeolite Ammonia Control Properties
Authors: Mitchell Andrew J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Zeolites purchased from aquaculture industry suppliers vary in their ability to remove ammonia, and little information is provided about their origin, type, and purity. To evaluate them, a simplified method for comparing their ammonia control properties was developed. Ammonia levels from water treated with five different zeolites were effectively measured and compared with two different inexpensive total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) test kits using the same procedure. I found that 10 g of a zeolite added to and stirred in an ammonia solution (0.1 g of ammonium sulfate dissolved in 1 L water) for 20 min produced TAN levels within the readable ranges for the Hach Model NI-8 and NI-SA ammonia nitrogen test kits; a 1:6 dilution of the ammonia test solution was made just before the TAN analysis. The TAN readings after the addition of the five zeolites ranged from 1.2 to 2.6 mg/L (multiplying by 7 to get actual TAN readings is not necessary to compare zeolites) for the Model NI-8 kit. The Model NI-SA kit gave the same relative results but had readings that were 0.5–0.7 mg/L lower; in the case of these kits the obtained precision was more important than their accuracy.
A Simple Isolation Incubator for Specialized Rearing of Salmonid Eggs and First-Feeding Fry
Authors: Heindel Jeff A , Baker Danny J , Johnson Keith A , Kline Paul A , Redding Jeremy J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The construction of an isolation incubator for small-scale fish culture and research is described. The simple, inexpensive (US$5) isolation incubator is routinely used to incubate as many as 100 green eggs of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha through the first-feeding fry stage of development at the Idaho Department of Fish and Game's Eagle Fish Hatchery. The incubator is small (2.5-L volume) and portable, requires a small amount of water per individual unit (500–1,200 mL/min), and provides a way to incubate multiple rearing groups in a quarantine environment through the early stages of fish development. Although these incubators have been used exclusively for incubation of salmonid eggs and fry, we expect this design can be used to successfully incubate eggs of other fish species.
Bacterial Numbers from Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Eyed Eggs Subjected to Various Formalin Treatments as Determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Bacteriological Culture Methods
Authors: Barnes Michael E , Bergmann David , Stephenson Hans , Gabel Mark , Cordes Rick J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This study compared two methods of enumerating bacteria adhered to the external membrane of eggs of landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were subjected to different formalin treatment regimes from egg eye-up to fry hatch. Bacterial numbers were recorded by either directly counting bacteria via a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or via established bacterial culture methods that provided the number of colony-forming units. Treatment regimes consisted of a daily 15-min exposure to formalin at either 500 mg/L or 1,667 mg/ L or no formalin initially followed by exposure to a 1,667-mg/L dose starting 7 d after eye-up. A control group did not receive any formalin treatments throughout the experiment. No significant correlation was observed between the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) per square millimeter of egg membrane determined by plate culture and the number of bacteria per square millimeter counted with the SEM. Bacterial numbers determined by the SEM were 40–120 times greater than those obtained by plate culture. The SEM numbers were correlated to embryo survival, but CFU numbers were not. For both counting methods, bacterial numbers among the untreated controls increased over time. Of the three species of bacteria identified in cultures (Flavobacterium columnare, Sphingobacterium spp., and Pseudomonas spp.), F. columnare was predominant. Embryo survival in the trays that did not receive any formalin was significantly less than that in all of the other treatments, but there was no significant difference in survival among any of the three formalin treatment regimes.
Real‐world clinical experience with serum MOG and AQP4 antibody testing by live versus fixed cell‐based assay
Authors: Said Yana , Filippatou Angeliki , Tran Conlan , Rezavi LuAnn , Guo Kai , Smith Matthew D. , Resto Yasmin , Chen John J. , Calabresi Peter A. , Caturegli Patrizio , Pittock Sean J. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Sotirchos Elias S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the real‐world performance of a live (LCBA) versus a fixed (FCBA) cell‐based assay for the detection of serum antibodies directed against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG‐IgG) and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4‐IgG).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients evaluated at a single tertiary academic referral center, with serum testing performed clinically for AQP4‐IgG and/or MOG‐IgG by FCBA and LCBA on the same day. Additionally, frozen banked sera from the same day for patients tested only by one assay were retrieved and tested by the other assay. FCBA was performed by the Johns Hopkins Immunology Laboratory using Euroimmun kits with detection by indirect immunofluorescence (FCBA‐IF), whereas LCBA was performed by the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory with detection by flow cytometry (LCBA‐FACS).ResultsOf 594 specimens with paired MOG‐IgG testing, 500 were negative by both assays, 33 were positive by both assays, 56 were positive exclusively by LCBA‐FACS, and 5 were only positive by FCBA‐IF. Overall, MOG‐IgG LCBA‐FACS exhibited 95.1% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity, whereas MOG‐IgG FCBA‐IF had 45.7% sensitivity and 99.8% specificity. Of 577 specimens with paired AQP4‐IgG testing, 503 were negative by both assays, 51 were positive by both assays, 21 were positive exclusively by LCBA‐FACS, and 2 were only positive by FCBA‐IF. Overall, AQP4‐IgG LCBA‐FACS exhibited 97.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas AQP4‐IgG FCBA‐IF had 71.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity.InterpretationLCBA‐FACS for both MOG‐IgG and AQP4‐IgG had markedly better sensitivity than FCBA‐IF, with similar specificity. The use of FCBA‐IF may result in underrecognition of both MOG antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) and AQP4‐IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
Right‐sided vagus nerve stimulation: Worldwide collection and perspectives
Authors: Zanello Marc , Voges Berthold , Chelvarajah Ramesh , Sen Arjune , Petelin Gadže Željka , Penchet Guillaume , De Benedictis Alessandro , Fornaro Riccardo , Iwasaki Masaki , Iijima Keiya , Jiltsova Elena , Mrak Goran , Barrit Sami , Moiraghi Alessandro , Landi Andrea , Neale Marcus , Magdum Shailendra , Caire François , Godet Bertrand , Domenech Philippe , Gaillard Raphael , Guenot Marc , Labuschagne Jason , Rainha Campos Alexandre , Rooijakkers Herbert , El Tahry Riëm , Von Hertwig Fernandes De Oliveira Tatiana , Alvarez‐Sala Amelia , Torres Cristina V. , Vale Fernando , Pallud Johan , Carron Romain 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) and is indicated for implantation on the left vagus nerve‐only. In rare cases right‐sided VNS may be the only option. With only seven published cases in the literature, data on safety and effectiveness of right‐sided VNS is very limited.MethodsAn anonymous 38‐item questionnaire was sent to expert surgeons implanting VNS for DRE. The questions covered demographics and clinical characteristics, the reason for right‐sided implantation and both neurological and surgical outcomes of right‐sided VNS.ResultsThe survey captured 38 cases of right‐sided VNS (18 females, mean age at surgery of 28.0 ± 16.3 years). Right‐sided VNS was performed because of VNS lead deficiency (n = 20), anatomical constraints (n = 8), infection of a left‐sided VNS site (n = 9), and presence of a left ventricular shunt (n = 1). Thirty‐two patients (84%) had a preoperative cardiac assessment. Three patients presented postoperative cardiac side‐effects. Right‐sided VNS was stopped at last follow‐up in three patients: due to deep infection (n = 1), due to dyspnea (n = 1), and due to sleep apnea syndrome (n = 1). Twenty‐one patients (55%) were responders to right‐sided VNS and the mean reduction of seizure frequency under right‐sided VNS was 56.2 ± 18.8%. Focusing on seizure frequency reduction between right‐sided VNS and left‐sided VNS: 20 patients experienced similar effectiveness, 1 experienced lesser effectiveness, and 2 patients experienced greater effectiveness with right‐sided VNS.InterpretationThis multicenter case series significantly augments the available literature on right‐sided VNS. This suggests comparable effectiveness to left‐sided VNS but potentially lower tolerability. Further studies are warranted to better evaluate safety and efficacy of right‐sided VNS.
Nonlinear Optimal Control of an H‐Type Gantry Crane Driven by Dual PMLSMs
Authors: Rigatos G. , Abbaszadeh M. , Siano P. , Pomares J. , AL‐Numay M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGantry cranes of the H‐type with dual electric‐motor actuation are widely used in industry. In this article, the control problem of an H‐type gantry crane which is driven by a pair of linear permanent magnet synchronous motors (dual PMLSMs) is considered. The integrated system that comprises the H‐type gantry crane and its two LPMSMs is proven to be differentially flat. The control problem for this robotic system is solved with the use of a nonlinear optimal control method. To apply the nonlinear optimal control method, the dynamic model of the H‐type gantry crane with dual LPMSM undergoes approximate linearization at each sampling instant with the use of first‐order Taylor series expansion and through the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. The linearization point is defined by the present value of the system's state vector and by the last sampled value of the control inputs vector. To compute the feedback gains of the optimal controller an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each time‐step of the control algorithm. The global stability properties of the nonlinear optimal control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis. The proposed control scheme achieves stabilization of the H‐type gantry crane with dual LPMSMs without the need of diffeomorphisms and complicated state‐space model transformations.
The Rise of Colloidal Quantum Well Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Gao Huayu , Luo Dongxiang , Ren Yunfei , Fang Wenhui , Zhou Yubu , Liao Jingyan , Yu Junhong , Liao Shaolin , Ng Kar Wei , Wang Shuang‐Peng , Liu Baiquan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractColloidal quantum wells (CQWs) recently become one of the most fascinating optoelectronics and microelectronics materials because of their outstanding properties, including ultranarrow emissions, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and large exciton binding energies. Being a significant CQW application, CQW‐based light‐emitting diode (CQW‐LED) exhibits numerous merits such as extremely high color purity, high device efficiency, solution‐processable preparation, adjustable emission, and excellent compatibility with applied electronics. Herein, the progress of high‐performance CQW‐LEDs is insightfully reviewed, where the innovation of CQW materials as well as the optimization of device engineering are systematically summarized. First, the fundamental concepts in CQW‐LEDs are described, including how to realize CQW emitters, construct CQW‐LED architectures, and understand working mechanisms. Subsequently, various state‐of‐the‐art strategies for developing CQW‐LEDs are highlighted, where material optimizations, charge dynamics (e.g., charge injection, transport, and balance), and exciton behaviors (e.g., exciton generation and recombination) have an important effect on device performances. In the end, current challenges as well as future development opportunities are discussed. This work will present deep insights into achieving high‐performance CQW‐LEDs for next‐generation display, lighting, and optical communication technologies.