bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Memory for Reservoir Computing Utilizing Ion Migration in CuInP2S6
Authors: Wu Yangwu , Duong Ngoc Thanh , Chien Yu‐Chieh , Liu Song , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTime‐series analysis and forecasting play a vital role in the fields of economics and engineering. Neuromorphic computing, particularly recurrent neural networks (RNNs), has emerged as an effective approach to address these tasks. Reservoir computing (RC), a type of RNN, offers a powerful and efficient solution for handling nonlinear information in high‐dimensional spaces and addressing temporal tasks. CuInP2S6 (CIPS), a van der Waals material with ion conductivity, shows promise for sequential task processing. Here, a synapse device based on CIPS is demonstrated that exhibits temporal dynamics under electrical stimulation. By controlling Cu+ ion migration, this study successfully emulates synaptic performance, including potentiation and depression characteristics, and RC. Migration of Cu+ ions is confirmed using piezoresponse and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The device achieves low normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE) of 0.04762 and 0.01402 for the Hénon map and Mackey‐Glass series tasks, respectively. For real‐life time‐series prediction based on the Jena temperature database, an overall NRMSE of 0.03339 is achieved. These results highlight the potential of CIPS ion conductivity for real‐time signal processing in machine learning, expanding applications in neuromorphic computing.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalysis Using p‐Block Elements
Authors: Pramanik Milan , Guerzoni Michael G. , Richards Emma , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of new methods for enantioselective reactions that generate stereogenic centres within molecules are a cornerstone of organic synthesis. Typically, metal catalysts bearing chiral ligands as well as chiral organocatalysts have been employed for the enantioselective synthesis of organic compounds. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in main group catalysis for enantioselective reactions using the p‐block elements (boron, aluminium, phosphorus, bismuth) as a complementary and sustainable approach to generate chiral molecules. Several of these catalysts benefit in terms of high abundance, low toxicity, high selectivity, and excellent reactivity. This minireview summarises the utilisation of chiral p‐block element catalysts for asymmetric reactions to generate value‐added compounds.
Synthesis and characterization of new nanocomposite Cu6W18O70⊂CuFe2O4 as an efficient nanocatalyst for oxidative desulfurization of real and model gasoline
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad A. , Bakhtiyari Ali , Imani Alireza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe primary objective of this investigation was to develop a new nanocatalyst that could produce materials with a lower sulfur content, thereby reducing its environmental harm. To achieve this, the researchers used the sol‐gel method to synthesize a heterogeneous nanocatalyst by attaching sandwich‐type polyoxotungstate [(CuW9O34)2Cu4(H2O)2−10] (denoted as Cu6W18O70) clusters on the surface of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4 NPs). To characterize the nanocatalyst, several analysis techniques were employed, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible, powder X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The oxidative desulfurization of hazardous sulfur‐containing real and model fuel oils was effectively catalyzed by the Cu6W18O70⊂CuFe2O4 nanocatalyst. According to the experimental findings, the best efficiencies in oxidation reaction were achieved in 1 h contracting time at 35°C, which was as high as 95%. The Cu6W18O70⊂CuFe2O4 nanocatalyst exhibited impressive removal rates (%) on dibenzothiophene (C12H8S), benzothiophene (C8H6S), and thiophene (C4H4S) of model fuels, with figures reaching 97%, 96% and, 96% respectively. Furthermore, multiple recycling of the uniform nanocatalyst can be achieved effortlessly through filtration, without experiencing any notable decline in activity. Therefore, the authors suggest that this study will pave the way for the widely used mentioned nanocatalyst in the practical and workable organization of petroleum fractions.
Hypersecretory production of glucose oxidase in Pichia pastoris through combinatorial engineering of protein properties, synthesis, and secretion
Authors: Zhou Huzhi , Zhang Wenyu , Qian Jiangchao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4, GOD) is a widely used industrial enzyme. To construct a GOD‐hyperproducing Pichia pastoris strain, combinatorial strategies have been applied to improve GOD activity, synthesis, and secretion. First, wild‐type GOD was subjected to saturation mutagenesis to obtain an improved variant, MGOD1 (V20W/T30S), with 1.7‐fold higher kcat/KM. Subsequently, efficient signal peptides were screened, and the copy number of MGOD1 was optimized to generate a high‐producing strain, 8GM1, containing eight copies of AOX1 promoter‐GAS1 signal peptide‐MGOD1 expression cassette. Finally, the vesicle trafficking of 8GM1 was engineered to obtain the hyperproducing strain G1EeSe co‐expressing the trafficking components EES and SEC. 22, and the EES gene (PAS_chr3_0685) was found to facilitate both protein secretion and production for the first time. Using these strategies, GOD secretion was enhanced 65.2‐fold. In the 5‐L bioreactor, conventional fed‐batch fermentation without any process optimization resulted in up to 7223.0 U/mL extracellular GOD activity (3.3‐fold higher than the highest level reported to date), with almost only GOD in the fermentation supernatant at a protein concentration of 30.7 g/L. Therefore, a GOD hyperproducing strain for industrial applications was developed, and this successful case can provide a valuable reference for the construction of high‐producing strains for other industrial enzymes.
Neurocysticercosis mimicking craniopharyngioma: A case report
Authors: Rehman Aliya F. , Lazo‐Vasquez Alex F. , Bhatt Parjanya K. , Quiroz Tanya , Joseph Joelle‐Ann , Gultekin Sibel , Montreuil Nadine , Sternberg Candice A. , Ayoade Folusakin 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn patients with appropriate epidemiological risk factors, neurocysticecosis should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of suprasellar or parasellar mass lesions. As neuroimaging findings can be nonspecific, serology may be helpful, but when still in doubt, brain biopsy, and histopathology may be necessary to make the correct diagnosis.AbstractNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is a well‐documented central nervous system helminth infection that is, frequently observed in developing countries. Known sites of NCC infection include the highly vascular gray‐white matter junction, basal cistern, brain parenchyma, subarachnoid space, ventricular system, and spinal cord. This case highlights an uncommon yet intriguing site of NCC infection within the suprasellar area, which presented with similar clinical and imaging characteristics as suprasellar masses or lesions. The 44‐year‐old female initially complained of headaches and nausea that persisted for 5 years and progressed to vision problems and short‐term memory loss. A craniopharyngioma was initially suspected, based on imaging findings of a partially calcified suprasellar tumor. However, cysticercosis was confirmed by histopathology and serological testing positive for Cysticercus IgG antibodies. The patient was successfully treated with albendazole and tapering doses of steroids, which improved her presenting symptoms and resolved prior imaging findings. This case serves as a reminder to consider NCC in the differential diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar masses or lesions, particularly when an epidemiologic risk factor is present.
Effiziente Hochtemperatur‐Gasreinigung mittels Elektroabscheider: Zukünftige Anwendungsgebiete zur Wertstoffrückgewinnung und optimierten Wärmeübertragung
Authors: Bürger Patrick , Riebel Ulrich 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Partikelabscheidung aus heißen Gasen, insbesondere die Abscheidung von Nanopartikeln, ist ein herausforderndes Unterfangen, das häufig durch das Quenchen des heißen (Ab)‐Gasstroms umgangen wird. Allerdings verspricht die Heißgasreinigung eine verbesserte und effizientere Wärmerückgewinnung aus verschiedensten industriellen Prozessen. Neben den klassischen Hochtemperaturprozessen gewinnen auch Verfahren wie die flammenbasierte Herstellung von Nanopartikeln an Relevanz. In diesem Beitrag werden die experimentellen Ergebnisse eines Hochtemperatur‐Elektroabscheiders im Technikumsmaßstab zur Nanopartikelabscheidung aus Verbrennungsabgasen bei 400–800 °C beschrieben sowie die zugrundeliegenden Phänomene und die daraus resultierenden zukünftigen Anwendungsgebiete. Über den gesamten untersuchten Temperaturbereich konnte ein robuster Betrieb mit einer energetisch sehr effizienten Abscheidung beobachtet werden. In Kombination mit einer Hochtemperatur‐Wärmerückgewinnung ermöglicht das Verfahren zukünftig eine deutliche Reduktion des Primärenergiebedarfs von Hochtemperaturprozessen.
Pressure‐ and time‐dependent alveolar recruitment/derecruitment in a spatially resolved patient‐specific computational model for injured human lungs
Authors: Geitner Carolin M. , Köglmeier Lea J. , Frerichs Inéz , Langguth Patrick , Lindner Matthias , Schädler Dirk , Weiler Norbert , Becher Tobias , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present a novel computational model for the dynamics of alveolar recruitment/derecruitment (RD), which reproduces the underlying characteristics typically observed in injured lungs. The basic idea is a pressure‐ and time‐dependent variation of the stress‐free reference volume in reduced dimensional viscoelastic elements representing the acinar tissue. We choose a variable reference volume triggered by critical opening and closing pressures in a time‐dependent manner from a straightforward mechanical point of view. In the case of (partially and progressively) collapsing alveolar structures, the volume available for expansion during breathing reduces and vice versa, eventually enabling consideration of alveolar collapse and reopening in our model. We further introduce a method for patient‐specific determination of the underlying critical parameters of the new alveolar RD dynamics when integrated into the tissue elements, referred to as terminal units, of a spatially resolved physics‐based lung model that simulates the human respiratory system in an anatomically correct manner. Relevant patient‐specific parameters of the terminal units are herein determined based on medical image data and the macromechanical behavior of the lung during artificial ventilation. We test the whole modeling approach for a real‐life scenario by applying it to the clinical data of a mechanically ventilated patient. The generated lung model is capable of reproducing clinical measurements such as tidal volume and pleural pressure during various ventilation maneuvers. We conclude that this new model is an important step toward personalized treatment of ARDS patients by considering potentially harmful mechanisms—such as cyclic RD and overdistension—and might help in the development of relevant protective ventilation strategies to reduce ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI).
Biomedical Applications of Electro‐Initiated Polymerisation on Ti6Al4 V Titanium Alloy using Silk Fibroin Coatings for Antibiotic Delivery and Improved Cell Metabolism
Authors: Emonson Nicholas S. , Dharmasiri Bhagya , Gordon Edward B. , Borkar Ameya , Newman Ben , Wickramasingha Y. Athulya , Coia Piers , Harte Timothy , Newton Jazmyn , Allardyce Benjamin J. , Stojcevski Filip , Kaplan David L. , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilk fibroin interactions with metallic surfaces can provide utility for medical materials and devices. Toward this goal, titanium alloy (Ti6Al4 V) was covalently grafted with polyacrylamide via electrochemically reducing 4‐nitrobenzene diazonium salt in the presence of acrylamide. Analysis of the modified surfaces with FT‐IR spectra, SEM and AFM were consistent with surface grafting. Functionalised titanium samples with a silk fibroin membrane, with and without impregnated therapeutics, were used to assess cytocompatibility and drug delivery. Initial cytocompatibility experiments using fibroblasts showed that the functionalised samples, both with and without silk fibroin coatings, supported significant increases between 72–136 % in cell metabolism, compared to the controls after 7 days. A 7‐days release profiling showed consistent bacterial inhibition through gentamicin release with average inhibition zones of 239 mm2. Over a 5‐week period, silk fibroin coated samples, both with and without growth factors, supported better human mesenchymal stem cell metabolism with increases reaching 1031 % and 388 %, respectively, compared to samples without the silk fibroin coating with.
Detection in seized samples, analytical characterization, and in vitro metabolism of the newly emerged 5‐bromo‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists
Authors: Norman Caitlyn , Webling Kristin , Kyslychenko Oleksandra , Reid Robert , Krotulski Alex J. , Farrell Ryan , Deventer Marie H. , Liu Huiling , Connolly Matthew J. , Guillou Claude , Vinckier Inge M. J. , Logan Barry K. , NicDaéid Niamh , McKenzie Craig , Stove Christophe P. , Gréen Henrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are a diverse class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and new structural scaffolds have emerged on the recreational drug market since the enactment of Chinese SCRA analog controls in 2021. This study reports the first SCRAs to be detected with a bromide at the 5 position (5′Br) on the phenyl ring of the indazole core and without a tail moiety. ADB‐5′Br‐INACA (ADMB‐5′Br‐INACA) and MDMB‐5′Br‐INACA were detected in seized samples from Scottish prisons, Belgian customs, and US forensic casework. The brominated analog with a tail moiety, ADB‐5′Br‐BUTINACA (ADMB‐5′Br‐BUTINACA), was also detected in Scottish prisons and US forensic casework. The metabolites of these compounds and the predicted compound MDMB‐5′Br‐BUTINACA were identified through incubation with primary human hepatocytes to aid in their toxicological identification. The bromide on the indazole remains intact on metabolites, allowing these compounds to be easily distinguished in toxicological samples from their non‐brominated analogs. Glucuronidation was more common for tail‐less analogs than their butyl tail‐containing counterparts. Forensic toxicologists are advised to update their analytical methods with the characteristic ions for these compounds, as well as their anticipated urinary markers: amide hydrolysis and monoOH at tert‐butyl metabolites (after β‐glucuronidase treatment) for ADB‐5′Br‐INACA; monoOH at tert‐butyl and amide hydrolysis metabolites for ADB‐5′Br‐BUTINACA; and ester hydrolysis metabolites with additional metabolites for MDMB‐5′Br‐INACA and MDMB‐5′Br‐BUTINACA. Toxicologists should remain vigilant to the emergence of new SCRAs with halogenation of the indazole core and tail‐less analogs, which have already started to emerge.
Dispersal mediates trophic interactions and habitat connectivity to alter metacommunity composition
Authors: Gordon Susan C. C. , Martin Julien G. A. , Kerr Jeremy T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDispersal contributes vitally to metacommunity structure. However, interactions between dispersal and other key processes have rarely been explored, particularly in the context of multitrophic metacommunities. We investigated such a metacommunity in naturally fragmented habitats populated by butterfly species (whose dispersal capacities were previously assessed), flowering plants, and butterfly predators. Using data on butterfly species abundance, floral abundance, and predation (on experimentally placed clay butterfly models), we asked how dispersal ability mediates interactions with predators, mutualists, and the landscape matrix. In contrast to expectations, high densities of strong dispersers were found in more isolated sites and sites with low floral resource density, while intermediate dispersers maintained similar densities across isolation and floral gradients, and higher densities of poor dispersers were found in more connected sites and sites with higher floral density. These findings raise questions about how strong dispersers experience the landscape matrix and the quality of isolated and low‐resource sites. Strong dispersers were able to escape habitat patches with high predation, while intermediate dispersers maintained similar densities along a predation gradient, and poor dispersers occurred at high densities in these patches, exposing them to interactions with predators. This work demonstrates that species that vary in dispersal capacities interact differently with predators and mutualist partners in a landscape context, shaping metacommunity composition.
Berechnung des Durchstanzwiderstands von Fundamenten
Authors: Goldscheider Michael , Karcher Christian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDas Phänomen des Durchstanzens eines Fundaments, welches auf einer Tragschicht über einer wenig tragfähigen wassergesättigten Weichschicht steht, wird definiert und beschrieben und die Mechanik erklärt. Dazu wird ein Berechnungsverfahren entwickelt. Dieses beruht auf einer in Modellversuchen beobachteten Bruchkinematik und einer statischen Annahme bezüglich der Spannungsverteilung in horizontalen Schnitten durch den Stanzkörper, die durch einen Verhältniswert zum Ausdruck kommt. Dieser statische Verhältniswert wurde für verschiedene Verteilungen der Oberflächenbelastung mittels Berechnungen nach der Methode der finiten Elemente ermittelt und in einer Tabelle angegeben. Das Berechnungsverfahren ist als Lamellenverfahren mit horizontalen Lamellen formuliert und kann in einfacher Handrechnung durchgeführt werden. Zwei reale, gut dokumentierte Beispiele werden ausführlich vorgerechnet und bestätigen die Genauigkeit des Verfahrens.
Durchstanzen von Fundamenten auf einer Sandschicht über Ton: Berechnungsverfahren und Erkenntnisse aus numerischen Parameterstudien
Authors: Vrettos Christos , Seibel Elisabeth 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDas Durchstanzen von Fundamenten auf einer Sandschicht über Ton ist für die Tragfähigkeit von Arbeitsplattformen sowie die Standsicherheit von Fundamenten von Relevanz. In der Praxis wird bisher vornehmlich das analytische Modell nach Meyerhof und Hanna mit einem quaderförmigen Bruchkörper in der Sandschicht angewandt. Der dafür erforderliche Durchstanzbeiwert wird aus empirischen, schwer nachvollziehbaren Diagrammen abgeschätzt. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden verschiedene Alternativen vorgeschlagen, teilweise unter Ansatz von geneigten Gleitflächen im Sand. Eine Übersicht hierzu wird im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit erstellt. Darauf aufbauend wird eine ausführliche numerische Parameterstudie durchgeführt. Die Finite Elemente Methode in Verbindung mit einem elastoplastischen Stoffmodell wird zur Berechnung des Durchstanzwiderstands eingesetzt. Zur Identifikation der Kinematik der Bruchvorgänge wird die Methode der zusammengesetzten Starrkörperbruchmechanismen verwendet. Aus einer Synthese wird daraus ein analytisches Verfahren zur Berechnung der Bruchspannung von Streifen‐ und Rechteckfundamenten entwickelt, das den für die Praxis relevanten Wertebereich der Eingangsparameter abdeckt.
Exploring the understanding, source of availability and level of access of cognitive enhancers among university students in the United Arab Emirates: A qualitative study
Authors: Sharif Safia , Fergus Suzanne , Guirguis Amira , Smeeton Nigel , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe use of prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement by healthy university students, identified as the largest cohort of cognitive enhancer (CE) users, is of growing interest. The purpose of this study was to look at the understanding, perception, experience, and level of access of CEs among healthy university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsThe study was conducted in six highly competitive university programmes. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 university students to discuss their own experiences and those of their friends and peers regarding the use of prescription stimulants. In addition, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven teaching faculty staff members (registered pharmacists and medical doctors) to explore their views on the use of CEs in their university.ResultsData were analysed thematically for the identification of themes and subthemes within the data using coding. It was found that, ‘Adderall’ was the most common prescribed CE drug and caffeine super strength pills were the most common non‐prescribed CE drug, both reported to enhance concentration, motivation, and meet academic deadlines.ConclusionsIt is expected that the findings of this study will be of interest to a wide range of services in UAE universities. This will enable them to raise awareness about the use of CEs among students.
Stability of high internal‐phase emulsions prepared from phycocyanin and small‐molecule sugars
Authors: Sun Xiaolin , Zhang Zhong , Li Wenjun , Tian Hongye , Yuan Li , Yang Xingbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of high internal‐phase Pickering emulsions in the food industry is widespread due to their excellent stability and special rheological properties. Proteins are often used as food‐grade Pickering stabilizers due to their safety and nutritious properties. Nowadays, the development and efficient utilization of novel proteins as Pickering stabilizers has become a new challenge.RESULTSPhycocyanin complexes with small‐molecule sugars (SMS), formed as a result of non‐thermal interactions, can serve as stabilizers for high internal‐phase Pickering emulsions. The addition of SMS‐enabled gel‐like emulsions significantly reduced the amount of emulsifier used. When the SMS was sorbitol, the emulsion had excellent elastic properties and self‐supporting ability and was stable during long‐term storage, when subjected to centrifugation, and under different temperature conditions. The fluorescent property of phycocyanin was utilized to investigate the formation mechanism of the emulsion. Small‐molecule sugars were able to form ‘sugar‐shell’ structures on the surface of proteins to enhance the structural stability of proteins. Phycocyanin‐SMS‐stabilized emulsions provided superior protection for photosensitive and volatile substances. The retention rates of trans‐resveratrol and n‐hexane increased by 384.75% and 30.55%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings will encourage the development of proteins that stabilize Pickering emulsions. They will also provide new ideas for protecting photosensitive and volatile substances. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.