bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell transcriptomes reveal the heterogeneity and microenvironment of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Huo Zirong , Wang Zhaohui , Luo Huahong , Maimaitiming Dilihumaer , Yang Tao , Liu Huihui , Li Huipeng , Wu Hao , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is the most common benign tumor in the cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal. Illustrating the heterogeneous cellular components of VS could provide insights into its various growth patterns.

Methods
Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to profile transcriptomes from 7 VS samples and 2 normal nerves. Multiplex immunofluorescence was employed to verify the data set results. Bulk RNA sequencing was conducted on 5 normal nerves and 44 VS samples to generate a prediction model for VS growth.

Results
A total of 83 611 cells were annotated as 14 distinct cell types. We uncovered the heterogeneity in distinct VS tumors. A subset of Schwann cells with the vascular endothelial growth factor biomarker was significantly associated with fast VS growth through mRNA catabolism and peptide biosynthesis. The macrophages in the normal nerves were largely of the M2 phenotype, while no significant differences in the proportions of M1 and M2 macrophages were found between slow-growing and fast-growing VS. The normal spatial distribution of fibroblasts and vascular cells was destroyed in VS. The communications between Schwann cells and vascular cells were strengthened in VS compared with those in the normal nerve. Three cell clusters were significantly associated with fast VS growth and could refine the growth classification in bulk RNA.

Conclusions
Our findings offer novel insights into the VS microenvironment at the single-cell level. It may enhance our understanding of the different clinical phenotypes of VS and help predict growth characteristics. Molecular subtypes should be included in the treatment considerations.
Causal associations of cytokines and growth factors with cholelithiasis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Su De-qiang , Tian Xiao-feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
It has been reported that patients with cholelithiasis may have changes in levels of cytokines and growth factors, while their causal relationships were still unclear.

Methods
This study was a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Datasets of 41 circulation cytokines and growth factors and the data on cholelithiasis were obtained. Six steps of strict instrumental variable filtration were set, and inverse-variance weighted analysis, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median test were used to identify the causal relationships. Benjamini–Hochberg method was used to adjust the P-values.

Results
After adjustments of P-values, four cytokines and growth factors were still causally associated with cholelithiasis significantly: interleukin 2 receptor alpha (adjusted P: 4.59E-02), interleukin 8 (adjusted P: 1.09E-02), monocyte-specific chemokine 3 (adjusted P: 2.73E-04), and stem cell factor (adjusted P: 2.73E-04). In the reverse MR analysis, no significant causal relationship was detected after adjustment.

Conclusions
Four cytokines and growth factors, including interleukin 2 receptor alpha, interleukin 8, monocyte-specific chemokine 3, and stem cell factor, were proven to relate to cholelithiasis causally and unidirectionally.
Violent Offending in Males With or Without Schizophrenia: A Role for Social Cognition?
Authors: Vaskinn Anja , Rokicki Jaroslav , Bell Christina , Tesli Natalia , Bang Nina , Hjell Gabriela , Fischer-Vieler Thomas , Haukvik Unn K , Friestad Christine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Reduced social cognition has been reported in individuals who have committed interpersonal violence. It is unclear if individuals with schizophrenia and a history of violence have larger impairments than violent individuals without psychosis and non-violent individuals with schizophrenia. We examined social cognition in two groups with violent offenses, comparing their performance to non-violent individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Study Design
Two social cognitive domains were assessed in four groups: men with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder with (SSD-V, n = 27) or without (SSD-NV, n = 42) a history of violence, incarcerated men serving preventive detention sentences (V, n = 22), and healthy male controls (HC, n = 76). Theory of mind (ToM) was measured with the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), body emotion perception with Emotion in Biological Motion (EmoBio) test.

Study Results
Kruskal–Wallis H-tests revealed overall group differences for social cognition. SSD-V had a global and clinically significant social cognitive impairment. V had a specific impairment, for ToM. Binary logistic regressions predicting violence category membership from social cognition and psychosis (SSD status) were conducted. The model with best fit, explaining 18%–25% of the variance, had ToM as the only predictor.

Conclusions
Social cognitive impairment was present in individuals with a history of violence, with larger and more widespread impairment seen in schizophrenia. ToM predicted violence category membership, psychosis did not. The results suggest a role for social cognition in understanding interpersonal violence.
Measuring Professional Values Among Jordanian and Palestinian Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: ABU-EL-NOOR Nasser I. , ABU-EL-NOOR Mysoon K. , ALLARI Rabia S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Professional values provide a road map for guiding the behaviors of nursing students during practice and are considered standards for acceptable actions during the provision of nursing care. Nursing educators play a vital role in helping their students embrace professional values in their future career.

Purpose
This study was designed to assess and compare professional values among Jordanian and Palestinian undergraduate nursing students.

Methods
In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, 182 Jordanian and 353 Palestinian nursing students completed the Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R), which covers five domains (caring, trust, justice, activism, and professionalism).

Results
The mean age of the participants was 22.5 years, and most (56.6%) were female. The mean total score for the NPVS-R was 3.85, with the “justice” dimension receiving the highest mean score (4.07) and the “activism” dimension receiving the lowest mean score (3.63). The differences in mean NPVS-R total and dimension scores between the Jordanian and Palestinian students were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The results of this study support that Jordanian and Palestinian undergraduate nursing students have an acceptable level of professional values, with the NPVS-R justice domain scoring relatively high and the NPVS-R activism domain scoring relatively low. The authors hope that the results of this study encourage nursing educators to continue improving professional values among their students, especially with regard to the relatively low-rated dimensions.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating Head Trauma in Boxing
Authors: Donnelly Robert R. , Ugbolue Ukadike Chris , Gao Yang , Gu Yaodong , Dutheil Frédéric , Baker Julien S. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Although physical trauma has been reported in boxing since its inception, boxing still appeals to athletes and spectators. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess both acute and chronic neurological and neuropsychological effects that boxing has on the brain. Further assessments in terms of comparisons of the concussion ratio in boxing to other combat sports, as well as the efficiency of wearing headguards, are also performed.

Data Sources:
This systematic review and meta-analysis used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The outcomes incorporated included physical chronic abnormalities of the brain, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders sustained in amateur or professional boxing, in addition to the safety benefits of boxing headguards. Odds ratios, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics are also reported.

Main Results:
From the 84 articles reviewed, the 35 included articles suggested that boxers have a significantly elevated risk of sustaining a concussion compared with other combat sports (risk ratio [RR]: 0.253 vs RR: 0.065, P < 0.001). From the 631 amateur and professional boxers analyzed, 147 (23.30%) had cavum septum pellucidum, whereas 125 of 411 amateur and professional boxers (30.41%) presented with some form of brain atrophy. Dementia or amnesia was observed in 46 of 71 boxers (61.79%), 36 of 70 (51.43%) had various forms and severities of cognitive disorders, and 57 of 109 (52.29%) displayed abnormal computed tomography or electroencephalogram scan results. Utilization of headguards significantly increased the risk for stoppages in amateur bouts, compared with boxers not wearing a headguard (OR: 1.75 vs 0.53, P < 0.050).

Conclusions:
Boxing is a hazardous sport that has the potential to have fatal and negative life-changing results. Because of the limited reliable data regarding the efficiency of boxing headguards, future research should focus on the overall significance that headguards may have for reducing head trauma.
Is vestibular schwannoma really a benign tumor? Case report and review
Authors: Joudar Imane , Nasri Siham , Aichouni Narjisse , Kamaoui Imane , Skiker Imane 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor that develops from Schwann cells of the eighth cranial pair, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle.

Case Presentation:
We report the case of a 30-year-old female patient who developed left otalgia associated with neglected tinnitus, the evolution of which was marked by the development of a static cerebellar syndrome and a behavioral disorder, whose brain MRI revealed a locally advanced process in the cerebellopontine angle at the expense of the vestibulocochlear nerve, in favor of a VS, complicated by involvement of the tonsils, which unfortunately led to the patient’s death.

Discussion:
VS, formerly known as acoustic neuroma, is an extra-axial intracranial tumor that accounts for over 80% of pontocerebellar angle tumors, and is secondary in the majority of cases to inactivation of the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene, either by mutation of the NF2 gene or loss of chromosome 22q. In the majority of cases, it is unilateral and solitary, but in almost 8% of cases, it is associated with NF2. Cerebral MRI is the examination of choice for the detection, characterization, and diagnosis of VS without the need for biopsy, mainly with T1-weighted sequences before and after gadolinium injection. Treatment is based essentially on surgery or radiosurgery, depending on the size, impact, and expertise of the treatment team.

Conclusion:
VS remains an important intracranial tumor entity, which can be life-threatening in cases of advanced local invasion.
Nicotine Use During Pregnancy: Cessation and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Shirwani Avan , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Addae-Konadu Kateena 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The use of tobacco and nicotine products during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of adverse effects on the fetus. Increased education and research have resulted in greater rates of smoking cessation during pregnancy, with a decline from 13.2% of pregnant individuals smoking in 2006 to 7.2% in 2016. However, smoking while pregnant still proves to be a prevalent issue that is associated with numerous adverse outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental delays. Smoking cessation before or during pregnancy can help mitigate these effects, but the appropriate treatment can be challenging to ascertain. Accordingly, clinicians should look to provide individualized care composed of behavioral counseling in conjunction with pharmacotherapies when indicated, combined with ongoing support and education.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify the pathophysiologic effects of smoking during pregnancy and the different forms of nicotine use; describe the maternal risk of smoking, along with its neonatal and childhood effects; and explain the potential screening and treatment strategies for smoking cessation during pregnancy.
Neurocutaneous Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Idler Jay , Turkoglu Onur , Patek Kara , Stuart Sean , Taskin Birce , Sivaswamy Lalitha , Whitten Amy 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceNeurocutaneous disorders have significant implications for care of the pregnant patient. As neurocutaneous disorders are uncommon, obstetricians may be unfamiliar with these disorders and with recommendations for appropriate care of this population.ObjectiveThis review aims to summarize existing literature on the interaction between neurocutaneous disorders and pregnancy and to provide a guide for physicians caring for an affected patient.Evidence AcquisitionA PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar search was carried out with a broad range of combinations of the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “pregnancy,” “Sturge -Weber,” “Neurofibromatosis Type 1,” “neurofibromatosis type 2,” “von Hippel Lindau,” “Tuberous Sclerosis,” “neurocutaneous disorder,” “treatment,” “congenital malformations,” “neurodevelopmental defects,” “miscarriage,” “breastfeeding,” “autoimmune,” “pathophysiology,” and “management.” References of included articles were searched to identify any articles that may have been missed after the above method was used.ResultsNeurocutaneous disorders are associated with increased pregnancy-associated maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity, largely surrounding hypertensive disorders, epilepsy, and medication exposure. Some features of neurocutaneous disorders may be worsened or accelerated by pregnancy. Neurocutaneous disorders can often be diagnosed prenatally. Therefore, directed assessment should be offered to affected individuals with a personal or family history of a neurocutaneous disorder.Conclusion and RelevancePatients affected by neurocutaneous disorders who are pregnant or planning for future pregnancy should be carefully followed by a multidisciplinary team, which could include maternal-fetal medicine, neurology, and anesthesia, as well as other relevant subspecialists. Additional research is required regarding optimal counseling and management of these patients.Target AudienceObstetricians and gynecologists, family physician.Learning objectivesAfter completing this activity, the learner will be better able to identify the most common neurocutaneous disorders seen in reproductive women and their implications in pregnancy; propose recommendations for genetic evaluation, diagnosis, management, and a differential diagnosis; describe treatment options including labor and delivery management, emphasizing multidisciplinary approach; and discuss potential maternal and fetal adverse outcomes related to neurocutaneous disorders.
Dynamic choice HIV prevention intervention at outpatient departments in rural Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Koss Catherine A. , Ayieko James , Kabami Jane , Balzer Laura B. , Kakande Elijah , Sunday Helen , Nyabuti Marilyn , Wafula Erick , Shade Starley B. , Biira Edith , Opel Fred , Atuhaire Hellen N. , Okochi Hideaki , Ogachi Sabina , Gandhi Monica , Bacon Melanie C. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Chamie Gabriel , Petersen Maya L. , Kamya Moses R. , Havlir Diane V. ,   SEARCH study team
Published: October 2023

Objective:
HIV prevention service delivery models that offer product choices, and the option to change preferences over time, may increase prevention coverage. Outpatient departments in sub-Saharan Africa diagnose a high proportion of new HIV infections, but are an understudied entry point to biomedical prevention.

Design:
Individually randomized trial of dynamic choice HIV prevention (DCP) intervention vs. standard-of-care (SOC) among individuals with current/anticipated HIV exposure risk at outpatient departments in rural Kenya and Uganda (SEARCH; NCT04810650).

Methods:
Our DCP intervention included 1) product choice (oral preexposure prophylaxis [PrEP] or postexposure prophylaxis [PEP]) with an option to switch over time, 2) HIV provider- or self-testing, 3) service location choice (community vs. clinic-based), and 4) provider training on patient-centered care. Primary outcome was proportion of follow-up covered by PrEP/PEP over 48 weeks assessed via self-report.

Results:
We enrolled 403 participants (61% women; median 27 years, IQR 22–37). In the DCP arm, 86% ever chose PrEP, 15% ever chose PEP over 48 weeks; selection of HIV self-testing increased from 26 to 51% and of out-of-facility visits from 8 to 52%. Among 376 of 403 (93%) with outcomes ascertained, time covered by PrEP/PEP was higher in DCP (47.5%) vs. SOC (18.3%); difference = 29.2% (95% confidence interval: 22.7–35.7; P < 0.001). Effects were similar among women and men (28.2 and 31.0% higher coverage in DCP, respectively) and larger during periods of self-reported HIV risk (DCP 64.9% vs. SOC 26.3%; difference = 38.6%; 95% confidence interval: 31.0–46.2; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
A dynamic choice HIV prevention intervention resulted in two-fold greater time covered by biomedical prevention products compared to SOC in general outpatient departments in eastern Africa.
Development of the Nova Scotia Potential Donor Audit (PDA) Tool and 2020 Historic Performance Database: Lessons Learned From the First 1000 Medical Record Reviews
Authors: Krmpotic Kristina , Dirk Jade , Gallant Julien , Hancock Jennifer , Isenor Cynthia , James Lee , Landry Alain , Laybolt Amy , Tennankore Karthik , Weiss Matthew-John , Beed Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Legislation and accountability frameworks are key components of high-performing deceased-donation systems. In 2021, Nova Scotia (NS), Canada, became the first jurisdiction in North America to enact deemed consent legislation and concurrently implemented mandatory referral legislation similar to that found in other Canadian provinces. Frontline financial resources were provided by the government to support the development of program infrastructure, including implementation of means to evaluate system performance.

Methods:
The Organ Donation Program (ODP), in collaboration with other stakeholders, developed a Potential Donor Audit (PDA) tool and database for referral intake and manual performance audits. Medical record reviews of deaths in the year before legislative change were conducted to pilot and revise the PDA and evaluate missed donation opportunities.

Results:
The NS PDA was piloted on 1028 patient deaths. Of 518 patients (50.4%) who met clinical triggers for referral to the ODP, 72 (13.9%) were referred (86.1% missed referral rate). One hundred sixty-three patients met the NS definition of a potential donor; 53 (32.5%) were referred (110 missed potential donors). Referral consent rates reached 71.7% (n = 38 of 53 approaches). The actualized donation rate reported by Canadian Blood Services was 29.9 donors per million population (n = 34 donors).

Discussion:
We documented high rates of missed referrals and missed potential donors before the enactment of mandatory referral and deemed consent legislation.

Conclusions:
The ODP has intentionally broadened clinical criteria for referral to shift the responsibility of identifying medically suitable potential donors from bedside clinicians to organ donation specialists. Lessons learned from our experience developing a PDA include the importance of early involvement of multiple stakeholders and ongoing modification of fields and workflow based on data availability and utility for clinical, educational, research, and reporting purposes.
Study on the preparation of bovine milk exosomes and the stability of lyophilized powder
Authors: Lu Lu , Han Chunle , Wang Miao , Du Huanqing , Chen Ning , Gao Mengya , Wang Na , Qi Dongli , Bai Wei , Yin Jianxin , Dong Fengwei , Li Tianshi , Ge Xiao Hu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBovune milk exosomes (MK-exo) have bioactive effects on the health of consumers and can also serve as excellent drug delivery vehicles. However, long-term preservation and transportation remain major challenges at present. In this report, high-quality MK-exo are prepared on a large scale. We then developed a lyophilization method belonging to MK-exo, and performed acceleration and long-term stability experiments on the lyophilized MK-exo to evaluate the effect of lyophilization. The results showed that the lyophilized MK-exo can be stored at room temperature for at least 3 months and 2-8°C℃ for 15 months. These findings provide data support for further understanding of the properties and applications of MK-exo.
Transepithelial Electrical Impedance Increase Following Porous Substrate Electroporation Enables Label-Free Delivery
Authors: Brooks Justin R. , Heiman Tyler C. , Lorenzen Sawyer R. , Mungloo Ikhlaas , Mirfendereski Siamak , Park Jae Sung , Yang Ruiguo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTPorous substrate electroporation (PSEP) is a promising new method for intracellular delivery, yet fundamentals of the PSEP delivery process are not well understood, partly because most PSEP studies rely solely on imaging for evaluating delivery. Although effective, imaging alone limits understanding of intermediate processes leading to delivery. PSEP is an electrical process, so electrical impedance measurements naturally complement imaging for PSEP characterization. In this study, we developed a device capable of measuring impedance and performing PSEP and we monitored changes in transepithelial electrical impedance (TEEI). Our measurements show TEEI increases following PSEP, unlike other electroporation methods. We then demonstrated how cell culture conditions and electrical waveforms influence this response. More importantly, we correlated TEEI response features with viability and delivery efficiency, allowing prediction of outcomes without fluorescent cargo, imaging, or image processing. This label-free delivery also allows improved temporal resolution of transient processes following PSEP, which we expect will aid PSEP optimization for new cell types and cargos.TEASERElectrical impedance measurements were used to understand delivery and cellular response after porous substrate electroporation.
CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-mediated mutagenesis inSporisorium reilianum
Authors: Werner Janina , Zuo Weiliang , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has become the state of art for mutagenesis in filamentous fungi. Here, we describe a RNP-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 for mutagenesis inSporisorium reilianum. The efficiency of the method was testedin vitrowith a cleavage assay as well asin vivowith a GFP-expressingS. reilianumstrain. We applied this method to generate frameshift-, knock-in- and knock-out mutants inS. reilianumwithout a resistance marker by using an auto-replicating plasmid for selection. The RNP-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 increased the mutagenesis efficiency and firstly enables a marker-free genome editing inS. reilianum.