bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ChatGPT pathology knowledge using board-style questions
Authors: Geetha Saroja D , Khan Anam , Khan Atif , Kannadath Bijun S , Vitkovski Taisia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI. Its extensive knowledge and unique interactive capabilities enable its use in various innovative ways in the medical field, such as writing clinical notes and simplifying radiology reports. Through this study, we aimed to analyze the pathology knowledge of ChatGPT to advocate its role in transforming pathology education.

Methods
The American Society for Clinical Pathology Resident Question Bank 2022 was used to test ChatGPT, version 4. Practice tests were created in each subcategory and answered based on the input that ChatGPT provided. Questions that required interpretation of images were excluded. We analyzed ChatGPT performance and compared it with average peer performance.

Results
The overall performance of ChatGPT was 56.98%, lower than that of the average peer performance of 62.81%. ChatGPT performed better on clinical pathology (60.42%) than on anatomic pathology (54.94%). Furthermore, its performance was better on easy questions (68.47%) than on intermediate (52.88%) and difficult questions (37.21%).

Conclusions
ChatGPT has the potential to be a valuable resource in pathology education if trained on a larger, specialized medical data set. Those relying on it (in its current form) solely for the purpose of pathology training should be cautious.
Scrutinizing video use in primary English classrooms
Authors: Jiang Lianjiang , Zhao Yi , Lin Lihua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite the popularity of video in ELT, video use in primary English classrooms remains under-scrutinized. Grounded in a social semiotic conceptualization of video as multimodal ensemble, this study explored 115 Chinese primary English teachers’ use of videos and the influencing factors in the post-pandemic era. Data were collected through a narrative frame, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. The findings revealed a predominant use of video for motivational and linguistic purposes, with occasional use of video as multimodal ensemble for critical and creative viewing purposes. Factors that shaped video use were also identified, including limited understanding of viewing multimodal texts as part of language competence, absence of institutional policies and support, and constrained access to quality videos. These findings call for attention to the importance of multimodal awareness for primary English teachers to develop pedagogic competences to use videos for an expanded range of literacy purposes in contemporary ELT landscape.
Smallholder commercialisation and rural household welfare: panel data evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Geffersa Abebayehu Girma , Tabe-Ojong Martin Paul Jr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between smallholder commercialisation and rural household welfare. Employing a comprehensive three-wave panel dataset of smallholder maize farmers in Ethiopia, we find a positive association between commercialisation and household income which translates to wealth endowments through asset ownership and accumulation. We also show that commercialisation is associated with poverty reduction by reducing the prevalence of income poverty and the poverty gap. Deep diving into who benefits most from commercialisation, we find that agricultural commercialisation is inclusive and benefits all households. However, the greatest welfare gains accrue to income-poor households, suggesting some potential for reducing rural inequality. These insights support existing evidence that smallholder commercialisation is pro-poor and could be a significant entry point for stirring income growth and development in rural areas. Consequently, supporting poor and marginalised farmers with resources needed to boost agricultural production and commercialisation are relevant steps in the right direction of ensuring integrated rural development.
Low-pass sequencing plus imputation using avidity sequencing displays comparable imputation accuracy to sequencing by synthesis while reducing duplicates
Authors: Li Jeremiah H , Findley Karrah , Pickrell Joseph K , Blease Kelly , Zhao Junhua , Kruglyak Semyon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Low-pass sequencing with genotype imputation has been adopted as a cost-effective method for genotyping. The most widely used method of short-read sequencing uses sequencing by synthesis (SBS). Here we perform a study of a novel sequencing technology—avidity sequencing. In this short note, we compare the performance of imputation from low-pass libraries sequenced on an Element AVITI system (which utilizes avidity sequencing) to those sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (which utilizes SBS) with an SP flow cell for the same set of biological samples across a range of genetic ancestries. We observed dramatically lower optical duplication rates in the data deriving from the AVITI system compared to the NovaSeq 6000, resulting in higher effective coverage given a fixed number of sequenced bases, and comparable imputation accuracy performance between sequencing chemistries across ancestries. This study demonstrates that avidity sequencing is a viable alternative to the standard SBS chemistries for applications involving low-pass sequencing plus imputation.
Interfacial growth morphologies in dense eutectic crystal mushes
Authors: Fowler A C , Holness Marian B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We consider the interfacial growth morphologies of crystals growing in contact in crystal mushes, with a specific application to those formed by the solidification of basaltic magma. We focus on the particular case of an augite (pyroxene) crystal growing between two plagioclase crystals. The augite is treated as an equant unfaceted crystal, whereas the plagioclase is faceted, and our treatment applies generally to such combinations. The resulting three-grain junctions in natural rock samples are commonly of two distinct types. In one, the two augite–plagioclase interfaces grow towards each other with opposite curvatures, whereas in the second the curvatures of the interfaces have the same sign, giving a distinctive morphology which we have called an eagle’s beak. This paper provides a theoretical framework to provide explanations for both of these morphologies, based on the kinetics of interfacial growth.
Cognitive functioning in untreated glioma patients: The limited predictive value of clinical variables
Authors: Boelders Sander M , Gehring Karin , Postma Eric O , Rutten Geert-Jan M , Ong Lee-Ling S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous research identified many clinical variables that are significantly related to cognitive functioning before surgery. It is not clear whether such variables enable accurate prediction for individual patients’ cognitive functioning because statistical significance does not guarantee predictive value. Previous studies did not test how well cognitive functioning can be predicted for (yet) untested patients. Furthermore, previous research is limited in that only linear or rank-based methods with small numbers of variables were used.

Methods
We used various machine learning models to predict preoperative cognitive functioning for 340 patients with glioma across 18 outcome measures. Predictions were made using a comprehensive set of clinical variables as identified from the literature. Model performances and optimized hyperparameters were interpreted. Moreover, Shapley additive explanations were calculated to determine variable importance and explore interaction effects.

Results
Best-performing models generally demonstrated above-random performance. Performance, however, was unreliable for 14 out of 18 outcome measures with predictions worse than baseline models for a substantial number of train-test splits. Best-performing models were relatively simple and used most variables for prediction while not relying strongly on any variable.

Conclusions
Preoperative cognitive functioning could not be reliably predicted across cognitive tests using the comprehensive set of clinical variables included in the current study. Our results show that a holistic view of an individual patient likely is necessary to explain differences in cognitive functioning. Moreover, they emphasize the need to collect larger cross-center and multimodal data sets.
Beyond the Tram Lines: Disability Discrimination, Reproductive Rights and Anachronistic Abortion Law
Authors: Sheldon Sally 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article takes as its starting point the recent case of Crowter, which challenged the law permitting provision of abortion on the grounds of fetal anomaly. It begins by briefly locating the case within a longer ‘biography’ of the Abortion Act 1967, casting important light on the issue raised within it. It then focuses in detail on the claims made in Crowter, exploring how important moral, social and political concerns with disability discrimination were refracted through an anti-abortion lens as they were translated into legal argument. As a result, the legal remedies sought were simultaneously disproportionate and insufficient to address the harms described. Whilst agreeing that the Abortion Act reflects anachronistic and discriminatory understandings of disability and is overdue reform, the article argues that a response that fully reflects modern ethical values will require more radical change than envisaged in Crowter, and that this must refuse an opposition between the rights of pregnant and disabled people.
A Misleading Case of NTRK-Rearranged Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Germani Marco Maria , Boccaccio Chiara , Matrone Antonio , Molinaro Eleonora , Alì Greta , Giordano Mirella , Elisei Rossella , Fontanini Gabriella , Cremolini Chiara 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Herein, we present a misleading case of advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma with lung, node, and pleural metastases, initially diagnosed as metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with papillary features, based on the histological and immunohistochemical analysis of a pleural biopsy. Between August 2019 and August 2020, the patient received 2 ineffective lines of systemic therapy, including a first line of chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed, and a second line of immunotherapy with atezolizumab. Comprehensive genomic profiling by next-generation sequencing on the archival pleural biopsy revealed an NTRK1-TMP3 fusion and comutation of the TERT promoter, commonly found in papillary thyroid carcinoma. After palliative partial thyroidectomy that confirmed the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, in February 2021, the patient was enrolled in the STARTRK-2 GO40782 basket trial and received entrectinib, an oral pan-TRK inhibitor specifically targeting NTRK-rearranged tumors. After initially experiencing drug-related grade 2 anorexia, dysgeusia, and neurotoxicity and grade 3 asthenia, the dose was reduced, and an excellent and durable objective response was observed.
De novo design of a polycarbonate hydrolase
Authors: Holst Laura H , Madsen Niklas G , Toftgård Freja T , Rønne Freja , Moise Ioana-Malina , Petersen Evamaria I , Fojan Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of plastics is currently limited to the use of engineered natural enzymes. As of yet, all engineering approaches applied to plastic degrading enzymes retain the natural $\alpha /\beta $-fold. While mutations can be used to increase thermostability, an inherent maximum likely exists for the $\alpha /\beta $-fold. It is thus of interest to introduce catalytic activity toward plastics in a different protein fold to escape the sequence space of plastic degrading enzymes. Here, a method for designing highly thermostable enzymes that can degrade plastics is described. With the help of Rosetta an active site catalysing the hydrolysis of polycarbonate is introduced into a set of thermostable scaffolds. Through computational evaluation, a potential PCase was selected and produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli. Thermal analysis suggests that the design has a melting temperature of &gt;95$^{\circ }$C. Activity toward polycarbonate was confirmed using atomic force spectroscopy (AFM), proving the successful design of a PCase.
Safety assessment of wireless chargers for electric vehicles considering thermal characteristics
Authors: Mou Wenting , Lu Mai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study employs the transient finite element method and electromagnetic heat transfer theory to assess the heating generated by high-power wireless chargers during electric vehicle charging. The analysis includes simulating and analyzing the temperature distribution of two different types of shielding plates of the wireless charger and the specific absorption rate (SAR) and head temperature rise of both adults and children in close proximity to the charger. Simulation results show that the maximum temperature rise of the copper shielding plate is 16°C lower than that of the aluminum shielding plate after charging for 1 h. This temperature increase does not affect the chassis’ s equipment. Regarding human safety, the induced electric field strength and SAR values in the child’s head tissue are higher than those in the adult, meeting the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limits. When the initial temperature is set to 37°C, the temperature rise in the heads of both adults and children is approximately equal after 1 h of charging, reaching a maximum temperature rise of 0.21 and 0.23°C, respectively. These values remain below the thermal limit of ICNIRP (2°C for Type 2 tissues). The findings indicate that the copper shielding plate can provide both electromagnetic shielding and heat dissipation functions, and the electromagnetic exposure absorbed by the human body and head temperature rise within safe ranges.
Power resources of labor and the state politics of downsizing
Authors: Jung Jiwook , VanHeuvelen Tom 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Utilizing the geographical polarization of American politics, we examine how state politics shape the implementation of downsizing. Combining power resources theory and the political-embeddedness approach in organizational studies, we propose that labor power resources at the state level, namely Democratic control of state government and state-level union membership, limit firms’ ability to implement drastic job cuts within the state. Based on data on the 697 largest, publicly traded US firms between 1981 and 2005, combined with their establishment-level employment data from EEO-1 reports, our analysis shows that post-downsizing reductions in employment were less severe in states with a worker-friendly political environment. But the limited effectiveness of labor’s power resources in right-to-work states and the American South suggests that there is considerable regional variation. Our findings provide strong evidence of the political embeddedness of firms, by demonstrating the growing salience of political considerations in corporate decision-making.
New causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Clynick Meghan , Holness Dorothy Linn 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) is an important work-related skin disease. Information about the causative agents comes from many sources, including patch test databases, registries, case series and case reports. This review summarizes new information about common causative allergens and diagnosis.

Recent findings
Common causes of OACD include rubber components, epoxies and preservatives. New exposure sources for these allergens continue to be described. Often these exposure sources are related to the changing world around us, such as allergens related to smartphones and technology, and personal protective equipment-related exposures during the COVID-19 pandemic. New allergens are also being described, some of which are related to known allergens (e.g. a new epoxy or acrylate component).
Accurate diagnosis is critical to effective management of OACD, which may include removing the worker from exposure to the causative allergen. Safety data sheets may not contain complete information and patch testing with specialized series of allergens and workplace materials may be necessary.

Summary
This review provides current evidence about causes of OACD and important aspects of diagnosis. This is important for clinical practice to ensure cases of OACD are not missed.
Low Dose Rivaroxaban as Extended Prophylaxis Reduces Postdischarge Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Malignancy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Ogilvie James W. , Khan Mariam T. , Hayakawa Emiko , Parker Jessica , Luchtefeld Martin A. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Despite guidelines suggesting the use of extended prophylaxis for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with colorectal cancer and perhaps inflammatory bowel disease, routine use is low and scant data exist regarding oral forms of therapy.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose was to compare the incidence of postdischarge venous thromboembolism in patients given extended prophylaxis with low dose rivaroxaban.

DESIGN:
We used propensity matching to compare a pre- and postintervention analysis from a 2-year period prior to instituting extended prophylaxis.

SETTING:
All colorectal patients at a single institution were prospectively considered for extended prophylaxis.

PATIENTS:
Patients with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer who underwent operative resection were included.

INTERVENTIONS:
Those considered for extended prophylaxis were prescribed 10 mg of rivaroxaban for 30 days post-surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome was venous thromboembolism incidence 30-days post-discharge. The secondary outcome was bleeding rates, major or minor.

RESULTS:
Of the 498 patients considered for extended prophylaxis, 363 were discharged with rivaroxaban, 81 on baseline anticoagulation, and 54 without anticoagulation. Propensity matched cohorts based on stoma creation, operative approach, procedure type and body mass index, were made to 174 historical controls. After excluding cases of inpatient venous thromboembolism, postoperative rates were lower in the prospective cohort (4.8% vs 0.6%, p = 0.019). In the prospective group 36 episodes of bleeding occurred, 26 (7.2%) discharged with rivaroxaban, 8 (9.9%) discharged on other anticoagulants and 2 (3.7%) with no postoperative anticoagulation. Cases of major bleeding were 1.1%, (4/363) in the rivaroxaban group and each required intervention.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited to a single institution and did not include a placebo arm.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, extended prophylaxis with low dose rivaroxaban led to a significant decrease in post-discharge thromboembolic events with a low bleeding risk profile
Long-term Outcome of the Kono-S Anastomosis: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Fichera Alessandro , Mangrola Anjali , Olortegui Kinga S , Rebollo Daniela , Stringfield Sarah , Kapadia Muneera , Madduri Supradeep S. , Ogola Gerald , Krane Mukta 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative recurrence remains a significant problem in Crohn’s disease, and the mesentery is implicated in the pathophysiology. The Kono-S anastomosis was designed to exclude the mesentery from a wide anastomotic lumen, limit luminal distortion and fecal stasis, and preserve innervation and vascularization.

OBJECTIVE:
To review postoperative complications and long-term outcomes of the Kono-S anastomosis in a large series of consecutive unselected patients with Crohn’s disease.

DESIGN:
Retrospective study of prospectively collected patients.

SETTINGS:
Four tertiary referral centers.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing resection with Kono-S anastomosis between May 2010 and June 2022

INTERVENTIONS:
Extracorporeal handsewn Kono-S anastomosis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Postoperative outcomes and recurrence defined as endoscopic, clinical, laboratory, or surgical including endoscopic intervention.

RESULTS:
A total of 262 consecutive patients (53.4% male) were included. Mean duration of disease at surgery was 145.1 months. One hundred thirty-five patients (51.5%) had previous abdominal surgery for Crohn’s disease. Forty-four patients (17%) were actively smoking and 150 (57.3%) were on biologic therapy. Anastomotic failure occurred in 4 (1.5%) with 2 patients requiring reoperation (0.7%). Sixteen patients had postoperative surgical site infection (6.1%). With a median follow-up of 49.4 months, 20 patients (7.6%) were found to have surgical recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, perianal disease (OR=2.83, p = 0.001), urgent/emergent surgery (OR=3.23, p = 0.007), postoperative use of steroids (OR=2.29, p = 0.025) were associated with increased risk of overall recurrence.

LIMITATION:
Retrospective study. Variability of perioperative medical therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study showed very low postoperative complication rates despite the complexity of the patient population. There was a low rate of surgical recurrence, likely due to the intrinsic advantages of the anastomotic configuration and the low rate of postoperative septic complications. In experienced hands, the Kono-S anastomosis is a safe technique with very promising short- and long-term results. Randomized control trials are underway to validate our findings.
The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Mental Health Outcomes in Pregnant Woman: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: SARI Yanti Puspita , HSU Yu-Yun , NGUYEN Tram Thi Bich 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Pregnancy stress, anxiety, and depression increase the risk of short-term and long-term health problems for the mother and fetus. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) is one of the most popular, nonpharmacological interventions used to treat mental health problems. The results of prior research indicate MBI has a less consistent effect on mental health problems in pregnant women.

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify and determine the effect of MBI on mental health outcomes in pregnant women.

Methods
Six databases, including Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, were searched from their dates of inception to November 2021. Google Scholar was also used for the literature inquiry. The inclusion criteria followed the PICO (Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) model in terms of only including studies that used mindfulness therapy, reported mental health outcomes, and applied randomized controlled trial and quasi-experimental approaches. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. Review Manager 5 software with random effect with a standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to analyze level of effect.

Results
Thirteen studies (10 randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies) were included. MBI was found to have a small effect on mental health outcomes in pregnant women (p < .0001, SMDs = −0.48, 95% CI [−0.74, −0.22], I
2 = 87%). Specifically, MBI had moderate effects on stress and anxiety (SMDs = −0.59, 95% CI [−1.09, −0.09], and SMDs = −0.55, 95% CI [−1.00, −0.10], respectively) and no significant effect on depression (SMDs = −0.33, 95% CI [−0.74, 0.08]).

Conclusions
MBIs have a small but notable effect on mental health in pregnant women. The high heterogeneity found in this review may reflect the different types and durations of interventions used. Notably, none of the studies in the review examined intervention effects by trimester. Future research should use larger sample sizes and assess the effects of therapy for each trimester of pregnancy.