bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term origin‐destination demand forecasting in bus rapid transit based on dual attentive multi‐scale convolutional network
Authors: Li Xinyi , Wang Cheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe short‐term origin‐destination (OD) forecast in bus rapid transit (BRT) can provide future OD demand, which means that transport plan personnel can take measures in advance, such as adjusting the departure schedule, to avoid congestion. This emphasizes the importance of accurate and stable OD forecasting in real‐time. Deep learning methods have been widely applied due to their superior performance in capturing dynamic spatiotemporal and nonlinear features. However, current methods based on deep learning and data‐driven cannot simultaneously address the problems of data availability and sparsity, and their ability to capture dynamic spatiotemporal patterns is insufficient, which cannot provide satisfactory accuracy and stability. To address these problems, this paper proposes a method for forecasting the OD demand in BRT based on dual attention multi‐scale convolutional network (DAMSCN). Considering the three temporal properties of OD, that is, closeness, period and trend dependencies. DAMSCN uses multi‐scale convolution (MSC), dual attention mechanism (DAt) and stacked convolutional long short‐term memory networks (ConvLSTM) to model the three kinds of properties. The MSC module converts sparse OD information into dense useful features to solve the problem of data sparsity. The DAt and ConvLSTM module model the dependencies relationship in the spatial and temporal dimensions, which can improve the spatiotemporal features extraction ability. DAMSCN also combine inflow information to enhance data availability. The three properties are dynamically aggregated and further integrated with external influences (e.g. weather conditions etc.) to obtain the final forecasting result. The accuracy and stability are evaluated on the Xiamen BRT (XMBRT) and Shanghai Metro datasets (SHMetro). The experimental results show that the DAMSCN is superior to other method. Compared to the best baseline, on the XMBRT, MAE decreased by 8.60%, and RMSE decreased by 4.81%. On the SHMetro, MAE decreased by 7.22%, and RMSE decreased by 8.96%.
2–18 GHz dual‐polarised tightly coupled dipole array with ±75° scanning range
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Liang , Qu Shi‐Wei , Xia Mingyao , Yang Shiwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe authors proposed an ultrawideband (UWB) dual‐polarised tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA). A split X‐shaped resistive frequency selective surface (FSS) is utilised, which can get more admirable impedance matching. The proposed antenna can achieve active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2.9 when scanning up to ±75° and ±60° in the E and H planes from 2 to 18 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, two rectangular patches served as directors are designed, which can provide stronger forward radiation to reduce the loss of resistive FSS for radiation efficiency. As a result, the average radiation efficiency is above 84% and the lowest radiation efficiency is 70%. Moreover, the overall antenna profile is 15 mm (0.1λ at the largest working wavelength). To validate the design method, a 16 × 16 array prototype is fabricated and measured. Good agreement is achieved between the simulations and measurements.
GA-NIFS: The ultra-dense, interacting environment of a dual AGN at z ∼ 3.3 revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
Authors: Perna M. , Arribas S. , Marshall M. , D’Eugenio F. , Übler H. , Bunker A. , Charlot S. , Carniani S. , Jakobsen P. , Maiolino R. , Rodríguez Del Pino B. , Willott C. J. , Böker T. , Circosta C. , Cresci G. , Curti M. , Husemann B. , Kumari N. , Lamperti I. , Pérez-González P. G. , Scholtz J. 
Published: October 2023

Context. LBQS 0302−0019 is a blue quasar (QSO) at z ∼ 3.3 that hosts powerful outflows and resides in a complex environment consisting of an obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidate and multiple companions, all within 30 kpc in projection.
Aims. We aim to characterise this complex system using JWST NIRSpec Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) observations obtained as part of the NIRSpec IFS GTO programme “Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS” (GA-NIFS); these data cover the QSO rest-frame optical emission lines with a spatial resolution of ∼0.1″ and a sampling of 0.05″ (∼380 pc) over a contiguous sky area of ∼3″ × 3″ (23 × 23 kpc2).
Methods. We developed a procedure to correct for the spurious oscillations (or “wiggles”) in NIRSpec single-spaxel spectra caused by the spatial under-sampling of the point spread function. We performed a QSO–host decomposition with the QDEBLEND3D tools. We used multi-component kinematic decomposition of the optical emission line profiles to infer the physical properties of the emitting gas in the QSO environment.
Results. The QSO–host decomposition allows us to identify both a low- and a high-velocity component. The former possibly traces a warm rotating disk with a dynamical mass Mdyn ∼ 1011 M⊙ and a rotation-to-random motion ratio vrot/σ0 ∼ 2. The other kinematic component traces a spatially unresolved ionised outflow with a velocity of ∼1000 km s−1 and an outflow mass rate of ∼104 M⊙ yr−1. We clearly detect eight companion objects close to LBQS 0302−0019. For two of them, we detect a regular velocity field that likely traces rotating gas, and we infer individual dynamical masses of ≈1010 M⊙. Another companion shows evidence of gravitational interaction with the QSO host. Optical line ratios confirm the presence of a second, obscured AGN ∼20 kpc from the primary QSO; the dual AGN dominates the ionisation state of the gas in the entire NIRSpec field of view.
Conclusions. This work has unveiled in unprecedented detail the complex environment of LBQS 0302−0019, which includes its host galaxy, a close obscured AGN, and nine interacting companions (five of which were previously unknown), all within 30 kpc of the QSO. Our results support a scenario where mergers can trigger dual AGN and can be important drivers of rapid early supermassive black hole growth.
Backstreaming ions at a high Mach number interplanetary shock
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Gedalin M. , Lalti A. , Trotta D. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Johlander A. , Vainio R. , Blanco-Cano X. , Kajdič P. , Owen C. J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. 
Published: October 2023

Context.Solar Orbiter, a mission developed by the European Space Agency, explores in situ plasma across the inner heliosphere while providing remote-sensing observations of the Sun. The mission aims to study the solar wind, but also transient structures such as interplanetary coronal mass ejections and stream interaction regions. These structures often contain a leading shock wave that can differ from other plasma shock waves, such as those around planets. Importantly, the Mach number of these interplanetary shocks is typically low (1–3) compared to planetary bow shocks and most astrophysical shocks. However, our shock survey revealed that on 30 October 2021, Solar Orbiter measured a shock with an Alfvén Mach number above 6, which can be considered high in this context.Aims.Our study examines particle observations for the 30 October 2021 shock. The particles provide clear evidence of ion reflection up to several minutes upstream of the shock. Additionally, the magnetic and electric field observations contain complex electromagnetic structures near the shock, and we aim to investigate how they are connected to ion dynamics. The main goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the complex coupling between particles and the shock structure in high Mach number regimes of interplanetary shocks.Methods.We used observations of magnetic and electric fields, probe-spacecraft potential, and thermal and energetic particles to characterize the structure of the shock front and particle dynamics. Furthermore, ion velocity distribution functions were used to study reflected ions and their coupling to the shock. To determine shock parameters and study waves, we used several methods, including cold plasma theory, singular-value decomposition, minimum variance analysis, and shock Rankine-Hugoniot relations. To support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental data, test-particle analysis, and hybrid particle in-cell simulations were used.Results.The ion velocity distribution functions show clear evidence of particle reflection in the form of backstreaming ions several minutes upstream. The shock structure has complex features at the ramp and whistler precursors. The backstreaming ions may be modulated by the complex shock structure, and the whistler waves are likely driven by gyrating ions in the foot. Supra-thermal ions up to 20 keV were observed, but shock-accelerated particles with energies above this were not.
Very massive star models
Authors: Martinet Sébastien , Meynet Georges , Ekström Sylvia , Georgy Cyril , Hirschi Raphael 
Published: October 2023

Context. In addition to being spectacular objects, very massive stars (VMSs) are suspected to have a tremendous impact on their environment and on cosmic evolution in general. The nucleosynthesis both during their advanced stages and their final explosion may contribute greatly to the overall enrichment of the Universe. Their resulting supernovae are candidates for the most superluminous events possible and their extreme conditions also lead to very important radiative and mechanical feedback effects, from local to cosmic scale.
Aims. We explore the impact of rotation and metallicity on the evolution of VMSs over cosmic time.
Methods. With the recent implementation of an equation of state in the GENEC stellar evolution code, which is appropriate for describing the conditions in the central regions of very massive stars in their advanced phases, we present new results on VMS evolution from Population III to solar metallicity.
Results. Low-metallicity VMS models are highly sensitive to rotation, while the evolution of higher-metallicity models is dominated by mass-loss effects. The mass loss strongly affects their surface velocity evolution, breaking quickly at high metallicity while reaching the critical velocity for low-metallicity models. Comparison to observed VMSs in the LMC shows that the mass-loss prescriptions used for these models are compatible with observed mass-loss rates. In our framework for modeling rotation, our models of VMS need a high initial velocity in order to reproduce the observed surface velocities. The surface enrichment of these VMSs is difficult to explain with only one initial composition, and could suggest multiple populations in the R136 cluster. At a metallicity typical of R136, only our non- or slowly rotating VMS models may produce pair-instability supernovae. The most massive black holes that can be formed are less massive than about 60 M⊙.
Conclusions. Direct observational constraints on VMS are still scarce. Future observational campaigns will hopefully gather more pieces of information to guide the theoretical modeling of these objects, whose impacts can be very important. VMS tables are available at the CDS.
The Childhood Opportunity Index's Association with Adverse Pregnancy and Newborn Outcomes in Nulliparous Persons
Authors: Abraham Olivia C. , Jampa Alekhya , Quinney Sara K. , Haas David M. 
Published: October 2023

Objective The objective of the study was to determine if using a novel measure of social determinants of health, the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI), at the time of delivery was associated with development of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in nulliparous pregnant persons.
Study Design Data were extracted from the 779 participants from a single nuMoM2b (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be) study site, a prospective cohort study designed to identify contributors to APOs. Residential address information at delivery was linked to the location's COI. The overall composite and component scores in education, health and environmental, and socioeconomic indices were recorded. APOs of interest included preterm birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age at birth, stillbirth, and gestational diabetes. Participant characteristics were compared by COI category and the association of COI with APOs was analyzed by logistic regression, controlling for age and self-reported race/ethnicity.
Results The overall COI distribution was very low (45%), low (17%), moderate (10%), high (15%), and very high (13%). A total of 329 (43.5%) participants experienced at least one APO. Overall COI was associated with developing an APO (p = 0.02). Each component score was also associated with developing APOs and with race/ethnicity (p < 0.05). Compared with higher COI categories, an overall low or very low categorized location was independently associated with developing an APO (odds ratio: 1.636, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–2.31). Adjusting for gestational age at birth, those in lower COI areas had newborns with lower birth weight, birth length, and head circumference (estimate [95% confidence interval] birth weight: −0.0005 g [−0.0008 to −0.0001]; length: −0.065 cm [−0.124 to −0.0091]; head circumference: −0.123 cm [−0.208 to −0.045]). COI was not associated with other newborn outcomes.
Conclusion COI, a marker for social determinants of health, is independently associated with APOs. The COI may be a tool for risk stratification for pregnant people to help with APO-reducing strategies.
Key Points
Bland Embolization and Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocarcinoma
Authors: Holguín Holguín Alfonso Jose , Toro Gutierrez Juan Sebastián , Bustamante-Cristancho Luis Alfonso , Alvarez Saa Tatiana , Camacho Juan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHepatocarcinoma (HCC) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in patients with cirrhosis. Eighty percent of cases worldwide are due to infections with hepatitis B and C viruses, but nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is projected to be an important etiology. It is usually diagnosed in advanced stages, only 15% of patients are surgical candidates, and up to 35% can receive only supportive care. This pathology has changed over time with the significant advances in treatment alternatives that can improve life expectancy for patients who are not surgical candidates. Therapeutic alternatives are available based on staging according to different models and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. Systemic pharmacological options (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and hormonal therapy), surgical options, and locoregional therapies have been developed; all these interventions have been directed to increase the life expectancy of some patients with variable results. Regional therapies include transarterial embolization (TAE) or bland embolization, transarterial infusion chemotherapy, conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE), and transarterial radioembolization, with no substantial difference in outcomes between patients treated with TACE and those receiving DEB-TACE, but benefits of lower systemic adverse effects and improved of quality-adjusted life years measure with DEB-TACE. With the addition of immunotherapy to these interventions, the outcomes are expected to be even more impactful on main outcomes such as survival and disease-free survival.
Cognitive Biases and Shared Decision Making in Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Steinberg Alexis , Fischhoff Baruch 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany patients hospitalized after severe acute brain injury are comatose and require life-sustaining therapies. Some of these patients make favorable recoveries with continued intensive care, while others do not. In addition to providing medical care, clinicians must guide surrogate decision makers through high-stakes, emotionally charged decisions about whether to continue life-sustaining therapies. These consultations require clinicians first to assess a patient's likelihood of recovery given continued life-sustaining therapies (i.e., prognosticate), then to communicate that prediction to surrogates, and, finally, to elicit and interpret the patient's preferences. At each step, both clinicians and surrogates are vulnerable to flawed decision making. Clinicians can be imprecise, biased, and overconfident when prognosticating after brain injury. Surrogates can misperceive the choice and misunderstand or misrepresent a patient's wishes, which may never have been communicated clearly. These biases can undermine the ability to reach choices congruent with patients' preferences through shared decision making (SDM). Decision science has extensively studied these biases. In this article, we apply that research to improving SDM for patients who are comatose after acute brain injury. After introducing SDM and the medical context, we describe principal decision science results as they relate to neurologic prognostication and end-of-life decisions, by both clinicians and surrogates. Based on research regarding general processes that can produce imprecise, biased, and overconfident prognoses, we propose interventions that could improve SDM, supporting clinicians and surrogates in making these challenging decisions.
A neutron beam monitor based on ceramic gas electron multiplier with high spatial resolution for low flux measurements
Authors: Tan Jinhao , Zhou Jianrong , Zhu Lin , Zhou Xiaojuan , Zeng Lixin , Xiao Liang , Xia Yuanguang , Xu Hong , Jiang Xingfen , Yang Wenqin , Wang Yanfeng , Yang Gui-an , Xie Yuguang , Teng Haiyun , Li Jiajie , Qiu Yongxiang , Shen Peixun , Wang Songlin , Liu Yang , Zhu Jingtao , Zhuang Jian , Zhao Yubin , Sun Zhijia , Song Yushou , Chen Yuanbo 
Published: October 2023

Neutron scattering instruments play an important role in studying the inner structure of materials. A neutron beam monitor is a detector commonly used in a neutron scattering instrument. The detection efficiency for most neutron beam monitors is quite low (10−4–10−6). However, in some experiments with a low neutron flux, such as small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and inelastic neutron scattering experiments, a neutron beam monitor with a higher detection efficiency (∼1% for thermal neutrons) is required to reduce the duration of the experiment. To meet this requirement, a ceramic gas electron multiplier-based neutron beam monitor equipped with a 1 µm 10B4C neutron converter was developed in this study. Its performance was determined both experimentally and in simulations. The detection efficiency in the wavelength range of 1.8–5.5 Å was measured experimentally and was confirmed by the simulation results. An algorithm based on event selection and position reconstruction was developed to improve the spatial resolution to about 1 mm full-width-half-maximum. The wavelength spectrum was measured in beamline 20 (BL20) and agreed well with the results obtained using a commercial monitor. The maximum counting rate was 1.3 MHz. The non-uniformity over the whole 100 × 100 mm2 active area was determined to be 1.4%. Due to the excellent performance of this monitor, it has been used in several neutron instruments, such as the SANS and the High-Energy Direct-Geometry Inelastic Spectrometer instruments in the China spallation neutron source.
Modelling plurilingual instruction through a crosslinguistic-communicative task sequence
Authors: Wouters Isabelle , Woll Nina , Paquet Pierre-Luc 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to bridge the gap between ‘communicative’ and ‘plurilingual’ approaches, by providing a means for teachers to integrate learners’ plurilingual repertoires when teaching an additional language (Lx). We developed a model of crosslinguistic instruction embedded within the task-based language teaching approach. It consists of a 4 stages task sequence: input-based task, crosslinguistic consciousness-raising task, output-based task, and recap of the sequence. An iterative process of field testing and analysis (Harvey & Loiselle, 2009) allowed us to refine the model: researchers in-depth analysis (functional field test), implementation of the model in Lx classrooms (empirical field test) and experts assessment (second functional field test). Participant perceptions and evaluations provide an overview of their appreciation of different aspects, which lead to the current version of the model.
Report of the CCRI(II) supplementary international comparison of measurement of activity per unit mass of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in wheat flour (CCRI(II)-S13)
Authors: Yunoki Akira , Miura Tsutomu , Furukawa Rio , Maringer Franz Josef , Wiedner Hannah , Medina Virginia Peyres , Fazio Aldo , Petrucci Andrea , Luca Aurelian , Ioan Mihail-Razvan , Antohe Andrei , Sahagia Maria , Cimpeanu Catalina , Črnič Boštjan , Glavič-Cindro Denis , Nečemer Marijan , Petrovič Toni , Vodenik Branko , Zorko Benjamin , Lutter Guillaume , Marissens Gerd , Lee J M , Lee K B , Lee M K , Heo D H , Hwang S H , Rosa Jerome La , Nour Svetlana , Rooy Milton van , Lubbe Joline , Staden Martin van , Javornik Andrej , Zalesakova Michaela , Ometakova Jarmila , Yeltepe Emin , Hachinohe Mayumi , Hamamatsu Shioka 
Published: October 2023

Main text
A supplementary international comparison of measurement of activity per unit mass of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in wheat flour (CCRI(II)-S13) was carried out by CCRI in 2018. The matrix of the sample was wheat harvested in 2011 after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. No spiking was applied to the sample. Twelve institutes reported their results. Averages of the reported results and the associated uncertainties were obtained using the power-moderated mean. This report describes the supplementary comparison reference value, the degrees of equivalence of the results, the procedures of this comparison, and the sample preparation and measurements by the participants. Successful participation in this comparison by a laboratory may provide evidential support for Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC) claims for Cs-134 and Cs-137 measured using the laboratory's method(s) used in the comparison or methods calibrated by those used for the comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).