bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classic Dutch Cleavages and Voting Behaviour
Authors: Irwin Galen A. , van Holsteyn Joop J. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lipset and Rokkan considered national and industrial revolutions to be the main sources of cleavages. The Netherlands experienced three national revolutions: the revolution for independence (1568–1648), the Patriot/Batavian Revolution (1786–1806), and the Belgian Revolution (1830–1831). These revolutions produced a cleavage that led to the separation of the Netherlands and Belgium, and within the Netherlands produced a religious cleavage between Catholics and Protestants. The Industrial Revolution did not so much produce a class cleavage in the Netherlands as exacerbate differences that already existed. The Netherlands was virtually an ideal type of institutionalized cleavages that became well known as Verzuiling or pillarization. This contribution shows how the Dutch pillars developed and included cleavage organizations for virtually all areas of life, from cradle to grave, and including political parties. However, in the 1960s, the pillar system began to break down and the old cleavage structure is now basically defunct, as can be shown by the irrelevance of this structure for contemporary voting behaviour.
Public Opinion Dynamics in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Brug Wouter , van Elsas Erika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the development of public opinion in the Netherlands, and more specifically the opinions of citizens on political issues and the degree to which citizens’ opinions are structured by a limited number of ideological dimensions. The chapter first provides an outline of the main debates among political scientists about the dimensional structure of public opinion in the Netherlands. It also discusses changes over time and the rise of new issues such as immigration and European unification. In a second section, the chapter provides descriptive analyses of the development of public opinion in the Netherlands and the correlations between issue attitudes and left–right placement among citizens. It shows how left–right ideology continues to structure opinions on the most salient political issues, not just socio-economic but also sociocultural issues and, very recently, global warming. In the final paragraph, we outline avenues for future research.
Democratic Legitimacy and Political Support in the Netherlands
Authors: van Ham Carolien , Thomassen Jacques 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter focuses on political support for the democratic political system, its institutions, and authorities in the Netherlands. It briefly discusses the development of empirical research on political support in the Netherlands and analyses the development of political support over the last 50 years. It also places the level of support in the Netherlands in comparative perspective. The chapter then turns to comparative research on political support and applies this research to the Dutch context, identifying a number of vulnerabilities of Dutch representative democracy. It subsequently demonstrates empirically how these vulnerabilities play out in practice, highlighting key challenges to political support in recent years: growing gaps in political support between different groups of citizens and the politicization of political support. The final section concludes and outlines areas for future research.
Elections and the Electoral System in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Kolk Henk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Netherlands has a list-based, proportional electoral system. In 1917 this replaced a single-member district system. Initially, the proportional system was seen as striking a balance between the power of political parties and regionally based candidates, but it was always mainly organized to accommodate political parties. The system turned out to be extremely resilient. In over 100 years it has hardly changed, although it managed to include new groups of voters, such as women (since 1919) and younger voters, by changing the rules of eligibility. The electoral system is extremely open to new political parties. Proposals have been made to change the Dutch electoral system by increasing the importance of the regional vote or even by abolishing elections and replacing them with lotteries, but no drastic changes are foreseen in the near future. Research into the Dutch electoral system focuses on the way it is used by voters, on its effect on the composition and functioning of parliament, and on the felt legitimacy of elements of the system. It is expected that research in the coming decades will enrich insights in these three areas.
Agenda-Setting Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: Breeman Gerard , Timmermans Arco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the evolution of Dutch agenda-setting research. Agenda-setting refers to the process of selecting and prioritizing policy problems and the impact of stakeholders on these processes. The first generation of agenda-setting research focused on longitudinal time-series analysis of particular single policy issues, examining the amount of attention, its content, and its tone. Over time, the research expanded to include an international comparative perspective. Scholars also engaged in multilevel comparative studies, analysing the influence of national policy agendas on the local agenda and the effects of European Union agendas on the Dutch national agenda. Cross-venue analyses also emerged, investigating how issue attention evolves as it moves through the policy process, from media attention to politics, law making, and implementation. Overall, Dutch agenda-setting research has evolved from a focus on specific policy issues to more comprehensive comparative analyses of attention and framing across multiple levels and venues of the policy process.
Parliamentary Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: Louwerse Tom , van Vonno Cynthia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A key political arena in Dutch politics is its bicameral parliament. In comparative terms it is relatively powerful, but in practice coalition party members of parliament (MPs) generally loyally support the government. Political parties are key in shaping parliamentary behaviour, parliament is highly fragmented, and there is a high level of policy specialization of MPs. This chapter outlines the key characteristics of the House of Representatives and the Senate in the Netherlands, including their powers and parliamentary behaviour. Subsequently, three major lines of legislative research in the Netherlands are discussed: ‘macro perspectives’, focusing on parliamentary history and executive–legislative relations; ‘meso-level research’, looking at what happens in the plenary and parliamentary committees; and the ‘micro level’ of individual MPs’ role orientations and careers. Suggestions for a research agenda include the combination of research traditions and the use of novel data and data analysis techniques.
Executive Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: van Dorp Erik-Jan , Rhodes R. A. W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter sets out the key components of the institutional landscape of the Dutch executive. The core executive approach reveals not only the different institutions in the executive, but also who is dependent on whom in the centre of government. After describing traditions and institutions, five types of executive politics are explored: budgetary politics, turf politics, silo politics, court politics, and accountability politics. For each of these types, the key topics and contributions are identified. The key topics include the increased standing of the prime minister, the relationships between policymaking and public service delivery, as well as the everyday encounters of blame games in a transparent executive. Together, they inform the authors’ suggestions for new directions in executive studies in the Netherlands: (1) interpretive political science and an ethnography of the executive, (2) scholarly attention to knavery as wilful elite behaviour, and (3) emphasizing research on budgetary politics and prioritizing the practices of the Ministry of Finance.
The Drug Update
Authors: Marino Adriane B. , Theroux Jenna D. , Drake Evan S. , Anderson James Layton , Self Destiny S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In the first half of 2024, the US FDA approved several new drugs that have relevance for those practicing in primary care. This article, the winter 2025 edition of the journal's biannual Drug Update, highlights the following new medications: sotatercept-csrk (Winrevair), aprocitentan (Tryvio), resmetirom (Rezdiffra), berdazimer (Zelsuvmi), ceftobiprole medocaril sodium (Zevtera), sofpironium (Sofdra), and ensifentrine (Ohtuvayre).
Tinnitus, the phantom sound
Authors: Harmon Elizabeth D. , Goodman Mary Leigh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The experience of tinnitus can range from inducing annoyance to debility. In the US, tinnitus is estimated to affect 1 in 10 adults, though it is known to be underreported. Often dismissed, tinnitus can be a precursor for treatable pathologies. Primary tinnitus has no known cure but is associated with multiple comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Understanding the symptomatology and treatment guidelines is essential for the NP to care holistically for these patients and improve their quality of life.
Evaluating Personal Safety Within the LGBTQIA+ Campus Community
Authors: Ressler Anna , Johnson Ashlyn M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
Violence against sexual and gender minorities is a significant concern on university campuses.

Methods
A needs assessment self-report survey was administered to LGBTQIA+ university campus community members to assess perceptions of vulnerability, interest in, and beliefs related to personal safety/self-defense (PS/SD) training at a public Midwestern university.

Results
Forty-three LGBTQIA+ campus community members responded to the survey. Thirty-six percent of those surveyed reported a history of physical or sexual interpersonal violence. Respondents reported being fearful or occasionally fearful for their personal safety in a variety of day-to-day situations surveyed. Using rideshares, going out alone after dark, and going to parties were some of the most frequently feared situations. Most, 73%, believed that PS/SD training would increase their feelings of overall safety and would improve their ability to defend themselves, with up to 66% expressing interest in attending PS/SD training held in a format of 2-hour sessions occurring weekly.

Conclusions
This survey supports the need for inclusive and accessible PS/SD training tailored to the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ university campus community members to enhance campus safety.
Differential Risk Profiles of Incident Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Specific Subgroups
Authors: Ma Yudiyang , Wang Jianing , Tang Linxi , Cui Feipeng , Tian Yaohua , Zhang Jing , Yang Jian 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
The aim of this study is to explore the risk profiles associated with Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) incidence in both the general population and diverse subpopulations.

Summary Background Data:
AAA is a life-threatening arterial disease, and there is limited understanding of its etiological spectrum across the age, sex, and genetic risk subgroups, making early prevention efforts more complicated.

Methods:
This study encompassed a sample size of 364399 participants from the UK. Utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, we estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and population attributable fraction (PAF) for 24 risk factors and 5 weighted risk scores associated with AAA incidence. Subsequently, this study investigated the relationships between AAA onset and various risk factors based on age, sex, and genetic susceptibility subgroups, and assessed the two- and three-way interactions.

Results:
After a median follow-up of 12.62 years, 1684 participants developed AAA. Among the 24 risk factors from 5 different aspects, 12 exhibited significant associations with AAA development. Socio-demographic factors (age and sex) and genetic factors accounted for the majority of AAA cases in both the general population and diverse subpopulations. For lifestyle factors, AAA cases attributable to smoking are larger in the older group (PAF: 15.45% vs. 11.25%) and women (PAF: 23.79% vs. 16.75%). Similarly, physical inactivity had a greater effect on AAA risk in women (4.84% vs. 1.95%), but no age and genetic risk differences were observed. PAF of high C-reactive protein was the most prominent of all cardiometabolic factors across different age, sex, and genetic risk strata, with 18.92% (< 60 years) and 13.71% (≥ 60 years) in age groups, 18.18% (women) and 13.31% (men) in sex groups, and 17.64% (intermediate genetic risk) and 13.01% (high genetic risk) in genetic risk groups. Clinical comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and hypertension significantly associated with the risk of incident AAA, and these factors exerted a greater influence on AAA risk in younger group, women, and those with low genetic risk (P for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study depicted specific risk profiles that influence AAA incidence among general population and diverse subpopulations, thereby aiding in the formulation of precise and effective strategies for AAA prevention.
Social determinants of health and health outcomes in older cancer survivors
Authors: Siegel Zachary , Smith-Nuñez Ashley , Lewis Marquita W. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the review
Today, two-thirds of all cancer survivors are at least 65 years old. Older cancer survivors have complex care needs, and addressing their social determinants of health (SDoH) is critical for improving and managing survivorship outcomes for this uniquely vulnerable population, yet research specifically examining these associations remains limited and emergent. To this end, we describe the emergent body of evidence on the associations between SDoH domains and older cancer survivors’ outcomes.

Recent findings
Despite the limited investigations of SDoH on the health outcomes of older cancer survivors, there were measures representing all domains of SDoH – health care access and quality, education access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, social and community context, and economic stability. We reviewed another determinant, Digital Environment and Engagement, as they are highly relevant to older cancer survivors’ care. Studies primarily investigated outcomes such as the use of or delays in treatment and variables related to care coordination. Generally, poorer access to resources such as income, social networks, and quality health care facilities predicted poorer health outcomes.

Summary
We reviewed studies that revealed that SDoH significantly impacts older cancer survivors’ health outcomes. Our description informs future interventions and policies to improve their care.
Long-term Metabolic Outcomes Post–Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation in Recipients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Choksi Harsham , Pleass Henry , Robertson Paul , Au Eric , Rogers Natasha 
Published: January 2025

Background.
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation is an effective treatment option for type 1 diabetes mellitus and concurrent end-stage kidney disease. However, the diabetogenic effects of immunosuppression can counteract the beneficial effects of sustained normoglycemia. Long-term metabolic trends that reflect cardiovascular risk are reported poorly in the literature.

Methods.
A total of 500 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving SPK transplants at a single center with at least 2-y follow-up were evaluated retrospectively. Metabolic parameters and allograft function were followed longitudinally, including patient and allograft survival, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio up to 10 y posttransplant.

Results.
Patient survival at 1, 5, and 10 y was 97%, 92%, and 87%, and overall death-censored graft survival was 87%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. Survival remained unchanged when stratified by BMI. Compared with pretransplant measurements, BMI significantly increased at 1, 3, and 5 y posttransplant. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased at 10 y posttransplant, with significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 5 y posttransplant. Insulin sensitivity improved significantly at 10 y posttransplant but did not normalize. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio decreased by 3 y posttransplant but increased significantly between 3 and 10 y posttransplant, although the estimated glomerular filtration rate was unchanged during this time.

Conclusions.
SPK transplantation is associated with excellent patient and graft survival. Significant long-term weight gain occurs despite improving lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity posttransplant. These data potentially reflect an overall cardiovascular burden that should be addressed in this population.
Developmental synchrony and extraordinary multiplication rates in pathogenic organisms
Authors: Greischar Megan A. , Childs Lauren M. 
Published: January 2025

The multiplication rates of pathogenic organisms influence disease progression, efficacy of immunity and therapeutics, and potential for within-host evolution. Thus, accurate estimates of multiplication rates are essential for biological understanding. We recently showed that common methods for inferring multiplication rates from malaria infection data substantially overestimate true values (i.e. under simulated scenarios), providing context for extraordinarily large estimates in human malaria parasites. A key unknown is whether this bias arises specifically from malaria parasite biology or represents a broader concern. Here, we identify the potential for biased multiplication rate estimates across pathogenic organisms with different developmental biology by generalizing a within-host malaria model. We find that diverse patterns of developmental sampling bias—the change in detectability over developmental age—reliably generate overestimates of the fold change in abundance, obscuring not just true growth rates but potentially even whether populations are expanding or declining. This pattern emerges whenever synchrony—the degree to which development is synchronized across the population of pathogenic organisms comprising an infection—decays with time. Only with simulated increases in synchrony do we find noticeable underestimates of multiplication rates. Obtaining robust estimates of multiplication rates may require accounting for diverse patterns of synchrony in pathogenic organisms.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.
PERspectives on circadian cell biology
Authors: Mihut Andrei , O'Neill John S. , Partch Carrie L. , Crosby Priya 
Published: January 2025

Daily rhythms in the activities of PERIOD proteins are critical to the temporal regulation of mammalian physiology. While the molecular partners and genetic circuits that allow PERIOD to effect auto-repression and regulate transcriptional programmes are increasingly well understood, comprehension of the time-resolved mechanisms that allow PERIOD to conduct this daily dance is incomplete. Here, we consider the character and controversies of this central mammalian clock protein with a focus on its intrinsically disordered nature.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.
Performance optimization of the CLIC positron source
Authors: Zhao Yongke , Doebert Steffen , Latina Andrea 
Published: January 2025

The baseline configuration of the Compact Linear Collider positron source is optimized at three different collision energy stages for both drive beam-based and klystron-based acceleration modes. The hybrid target is replaced with a single amorphous tungsten target with the target thickness and electron beam spot size optimized. As a result of the optimization, compared with the old baseline configuration, the positron yield has been improved by a factor of 1.65, enabling the same reduction in the bunch charge and beam power of the primary electron beam. The total deposited power in the target is reduced by a factor of 2.1. The most realistic start-to-end simulation to date of the system from the target to the injector linac is performed taking into account new design of essential hardware. The impact of misalignments is studied for the first time and is found to be small and acceptable. Possibility for reducing the primary electron beam energy is investigated. With a bunch charge below 1 nC, it is possible to reduce the energy from 5 GeV to a minimum of 2.3 GeV with the linac length and costs reduced accordingly. The deposited power in the target is also reduced with the energy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Frozen generalized symmetries
Authors: Cvetič Mirjam , Dierigl Markus , Lin Ling , Torres Ethan , Zhang Hao Y. 
Published: January 2025

M-theory frozen singularities are (locally) D- or E-type orbifold singularities with a background fractional C3-monodromy surrounding them. In this paper, we revisit such backgrounds and address several puzzling features of their physics. We first give a top-down derivation of how the D- or E-type 7D N=1 gauge theory directly “freezes” to a lower-rank gauge theory due to the C3 background. This relies on a Hanany-Witten effect of fractional M5 branes and the presence of a gauge anomaly of fractional Dp probes in the circle reduction. Additionally, we compute defect groups and 8D symmetry topological field theories of the 7D frozen theories in several duality frames. We apply our results to understanding the evenness condition of strings ending on O7+ planes, and calculating the global forms of supergravity gauge groups of M-theory compactified on T4/Γ with frozen singularities. We also revisit IIA ADE singularities with a C1-monodromy along a 1-cycle in the boundary lens space and show that this freezes the gauge degrees of freedom via confinement.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Impact of online food delivery usage on switching costs, variety seeking and marketing exposure
Authors: Zhou Jiaying , Sakiyama Ryo , Ye Mingqi , Dahana Wirawan Dony 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis study investigates how the use of online food delivery (OFD) services can motivate consumers to switch between food providers through its impact on switching costs, variety-seeking tendencies and exposure to competitors' marketing activities.Design/methodology/approachWe develop a structural equation model in which the usage frequency of OFD services is postulated to weaken procedural and relational switching costs and increase variety-seeking tendency and marketing exposure. The model is calibrated using online survey data collected in China and Japan (n = 602).FindingsThe results suggest that the frequent use of OFD services weakens procedural and relational switching costs and increases customer exposure to competing firms' marketing activities. Surprisingly, OFD reduces some customers' variety-seeking tendencies.Originality/valueWhile many studies have delineated the benefits that food retailers obtain by adopting OFD services, little attention has been paid to how these services can be detrimental to adopting firms. This study provides evidence of how OFD services reduce switching costs and make customers more vulnerable to competitors’ marketing.