bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of alcohol-related traumatic injury in young adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Goodon Hunter , Czyrnyj Cameron , Comaskey Brenda , Gawaziuk Justin , Logsetty Sarvesh , Spiwak Rae 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionLimited research examines alcohol-related injury in the context of social determinants of health (SDoH) to guide effective intervention and prevention programmes. SDoH are non-medical factors that impact health such as income, housing and childhood environment. This scoping review aims to explore the role SDoH in childhood have in alcohol-related injury in young adults.Methods and analysisThe scoping review process will be guided by the methodology framework of Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews Guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). The PubMed and SCOPUS databases will be systematically searched. Studies of various designs and methodologies (published in English since 1 January 2000) that examine certain SDoH of interest in relation to alcohol-related injury in adults aged 18–25 years old will be considered for inclusion in this review. Two reviewers will screen all articles identified from the databases independently. Titles and abstracts will be reviewed based on the initial search and included if eligibility criteria are met. Duplicate articles will be removed and full texts will be examined to create a final list of included studies. Any disagreements on the inclusion of any articles will be resolved through discussion and consultation with a third reviewer if necessary.Ethics and disseminationAs this research does not involve human subjects, ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be summarised quantitatively through numerical counts and qualitatively through a narrative synthesis. The results from this review will address an important literature gap and inform the development of targeted prevention programmes for alcohol-related injury.Registration numberThis protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MYEXA).
Association between anxiety and depression and all-cause mortality: a 50-year follow-up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: von Below Amanda , Hällström Tore , Sundh Valter , Björkelund Cecilia , Hange Dominique 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between anxiety disorders and/or major depression disorder (ADs/MDD) and all-cause mortality in a 50-year perspective and to examine specific risk and health factors that may influence such an association.DesignObservational population study, 1968–2019.SettingThe Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden (PSWG).ParticipantsIn 1968–1969, 899 (out of 1462) women from PSWG were selected according to date of birth for a psychiatric investigation, including diagnostic evaluation. Eight hundred (89%) were accepted. Twenty-two women were excluded. Of the 778 included, 135 participants (17.4 %) had solely ADs, 32 (4.1%) had solely MDD and 25 (3.2%) had comorbid AD/MDD.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAssociations between ADs, MDD, comorbid AD/MDD and all-cause mortality with adjustments for potential confounding factors. Differences between the groups concerning health and risk factors and their association with mortality.ResultsIn a fully adjusted model, ADs were non-significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.41). When examining age during risk time as separate intervals, a significant association between mortality and AD was seen in the group of participants who died at the age of 65–80 years (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.29). In the younger or older age interval, the association did not reach significance at the 95% level of confidence. Among confounding factors, smoking and physical activity were the strongest contributors. The association between smoking and mortality tended to be further increased in the group with ADs versus the group without such disorders (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.60 to 2.75 and HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.12, respectively).ConclusionsThis study suggests potential links between ADs, age and mortality among women with 50 years of follow-up, but does not provide definitive conclusions due to the borderline significance of the results.
Pembrolizumab monotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): can patient stratification be improved in the UK Tayside population? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mander Emily Susannah , Merrick Christopher Brian , Nicholson Hugh Adam , Lord Hannah Kate , Ferguson Michelle Jane , Smith Gillian 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePembrolizumab is a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor used to treat advanced patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumour proportion score (TPS) ≥50. Further sub-division of TPS-based stratification has not been evaluated in the UK, although smoking-induced tumour mutational burden and the immunogenic effects of prior radiotherapy are suggested to improve response.AimsTo investigate if PD-L1 TPS ≥80%, smoking status or radiotherapy before or within 2 months of treatment influenced progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy.MethodsPD-L1 TPS, smoking status and radiotherapy exposure were compared in patients with NSCLC in National Health Service (NHS) Tayside (n=100) treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy between 1 November 2017 and 18 February 2022. Survival estimates were compared using log-rank analysis, and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to investigate the influence of potential confounding factors, including tumour stage and performance status.ResultsPFS was not significantly different (log-rank HR=0.330, p=0.566) comparing patients with PD-L1 TPS 50–79% and PD-L1 TPS ≥80%. Smokers had significantly improved PFS (log-rank HR=4.867, p=0.027), while patients receiving radiotherapy had significantly decreased PFS (log-rank HR=6.649, p=0.012). A Cox regression model confirmed that both radiotherapy (p=0.022) and performance status (p=0.009) were independent negative predictors of PFS.ConclusionsMore rigorous PD-L1 TPS stratification did not influence survival outcomes. Smoking history improved PFS, although it was not an independent response predictor, while radiotherapy and performance status independently influenced clinical response. We suggest that further stratification of PD-L1 TPS is not warranted, while performance status and radiotherapy treatment may be additional clinically useful biomarkers of response to pembrolizumab in patients with NSCLC.
Refractory primary and secondary headache disorders that dramatically responded to combined treatment of ultrasound-guided percutaneous suprazygomatic pterygopalatine ganglion blocks and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: a case series
Authors: Boezaart Andre P , Smith Cameron R , Zasimovich Yury , Przkora Rene , Kumar Sanjeev , Nin Olga C , Boezaart Louis C , Botha Daniel AJ , Leonard André , Reina Miguel A , Pareja Juan A 
Published: November 2023

In 1981, Devoghel achieved an 85.6% success rate in treating patients with treatment-refractory cluster headaches with alcoholization of the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) via the percutaneous suprazygomatic approach. Devoghel’s study led to the theory that interrupting the parasympathetic pathway by blocking its transduction at the PPG could prevent or treat symptoms related to primary headache disorders (PHDs). Furthermore, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has proven to treat PHDs and has been approved by national regulatory bodies to treat, among others, cluster headaches and migraines.In this case series, nine desperate patients who presented with 11 longstanding treatment-refractory primary headache disorders and epidural blood patch–resistant postdural puncture headache (PDPH) received ultrasound-guided percutaneous suprazygomatic pterygopalatine ganglion blocks (PPGB), and seven also received nVNS. The patients were randomly selected and were not part of a research study. They experienced dramatic, immediate, satisfactory, and apparently lasting symptom resolution (at the time of the writing of this report). The report provides the case descriptions, briefly reviews the trigeminovascular and neurogenic inflammatory theories of the pathophysiology, outlines aspects of these PPGB and nVNS interventions, and argues for adopting this treatment regime as a first-line or second-line treatment rather than desperate last-line treatment of PDPH and PHDs.
Descriptive cross-sectional survey of tobacco and cannabis restrictions on state and local film incentives in the USA
Authors: Wakefield Tanner D , Guillory Jamie , Ling Pamela , Apollonio Dorie E 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundReducing tobacco depictions in media has significant health benefits because tobacco placements in films normalise tobacco use and are linked to youth initiation. Cannabis depictions may have similar effects. Placing restrictions on film incentives has been suggested; however, it remains an unexplored strategy for reducing tobacco depictions. We investigated whether states and localities that offer film incentives have established funding restrictions to deter tobacco or cannabis depictions.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey of official state and local government websites in the USA that listed film incentives. We coded policy level (ie, state, local), incentive type (ie, tax credit, rebate), incentive amounts, programme qualifiers and presence and characteristics of tobacco and cannabis restrictions.ResultsQuantifiable tax incentives at the state level offered over $1.6 billion to producers. Among 50 US states and Washington, DC, 39 provided film incentives: 4 restricted tobacco and 0 restricted cannabis. Among the 238 local film offices we identified, 24 offered incentives; 5 restricted tobacco and 1 restricted cannabis. All the incentive restrictions excluded tobacco or cannabis purchases from reimbursement; there were no penalties for tobacco or cannabis depictions.ConclusionsFilm incentives are large financial commitments that may undermine public health since they allow depictions of tobacco and cannabis that contribute to initiation and use. Few states or localities limit film incentives related to tobacco or cannabis, and the existing restrictions are unlikely to deter depictions or product placement. Restrictions on incentives are an underused tool for deterring tobacco and cannabis depictions in film.
Effects of male paratroopers’ initial body composition on changes in physical performance and recovery during a 20-day winter military field training
Authors: Borgenström Jere , Kyröläinen Heikki , Pihlainen Kai , Vaara Jani P. , Ojanen Tommi 
Published: November 2023

Changes in physiological markers and physical performance in relation to paratroopers’ initial body composition were investigated during a 20-day winter military field training (MFT) and the subsequent 10-day recovery period. Body composition, serum hormone concentrations and enzymatic biomarkers, and physical performance of 58 soldiers were measured before, during, and after MFT. Comparisons were done according to soldiers’ body fat percentage before MFT between low-fat (<12% body fat) and high-fat (>12% body fat) groups. Correlations between body fat percentage preceding MFT and changes in muscle mass, physical performance, and serum hormone concentrations and enzymatic biomarkers were investigated. It was hypothesized that soldiers with a higher fat percentage would have smaller decrements in muscle mass, physical performance, and serum testosterone concentration. The change in muscle and fat mass was different between groups ( p < 0.001) as the low-fat group lost 0.8 kg of muscle mass and 2.0 kg of fat mass, while there was no change in muscle mass and a loss of 3.7 kg of fat mass in the high-fat group during MFT. Fat percentage before MFT correlated with the changes in muscle mass ( R2 = 0.26, p < 0.001), serum testosterone concentration ( R2 = 0.22, p < 0.001), and evacuation test time ( R2 = 0.10, p < 0.05) during MFT. The change in muscle mass was correlated with the changes in evacuation test time ( R2 = 0.11, p < 0.05) and countermovement jump test results ( R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01) during MFT. Soldiers with a higher initial fat percentage lost less muscle mass, and had smaller decrements in some aspects of physical performance, as well as in serum testosterone concentration during MFT.
Estimation of digestible zinc and copper in pigs: a meta-analysis approach
Authors: Ketata Mohamed Ali , Létourneau-Montminy Marie-Pierre , Guay Frédéric 
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of Zn and Cu supplementation and nutritional factors on the digestible content of these minerals using a meta-analysis approach. A database derived from 24 publications and describing 142 experimental treatments was compiled. A model showed that positive effects of chelated, (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) and inorganic Zn supplementation ( P < 0.05) (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), Zn from ingredients (linear, P < 0.01) and a negative linear effect of dietary Cu concentration ( P = 0.067; R2= 94%) on digestible Zn content. In other model, addition of phytase showed linear improvement of digestible Zn ( P < 0.01; R2= 96%). For digestible Cu, a model showed that chelated and inorganic Cu supplementation ( P < 0.01) linearly increased digestible Cu while dietary Zn level decreased it ( P < 0.01; R2 = 93%). Dietary phytase did not impact digestible content of Cu. The digestibility of Zn and Cu depends on dietary supplementation of these minerals in diets but also on the interaction between these minerals. Finally, phytase supplementation improves digestible Zn content but not Cu.
Quark models and radial oscillations: decoding the HESS J1731-347 compact object’s equation of state
Authors: Rather Ishfaq A. , Panotopoulos Grigoris , Lopes Ilídio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the peculiar nature of strange stars through an analysis of different quark models, i.e. vBag model and CFL model equation of states at different parameter sets, and focus on understanding the equation of state governing the intriguing central compact object (CCO) within the supernova remnant HESS J1731-347, with a mass and radius of $$M = 0.77^{+0.20}_{-0.17} M_{\odot }$$

M
=
0
.

77

-
0.17

+
0.20

M
⊙

and $$R = 10.4^{+0.86}_{-0.78}$$

R
=
10
.

4

-
0.78

+
0.86

km, respectively. Additionally, we compare the radial oscillations of two models to determine the frequency of the HESS J1731-347 compact object at its maximum mass. The frequencies of radial oscillations are computed for each of the four EoSs considered. In total, the 10 lowest radial frequencies for each of those EoSs have been computed. By delving into these aspects, we aim at deepening our understanding of strange stars and their connection to the observed HESS J1731-347 mass-radius relationship.
Outsiders Within: How Do Black Girls Fit into Computer Science for All?
Authors: Mirakhur Zitsi , Fancsali Cheri , Hill Kathryn 
Published: November 2023

Objectives.At the K–12 level, “CS for All” initiatives across the country strive to increase equitable access to and participation in computer science (CS). However, there are many open questions about the implementation and effectiveness of these initiatives, including the extent to which exposing young people to CS early on can shape their longer-term CS interest and engagement. In this article, we examine CS participation among 6th–8th-grade Black girls and assess whether CS participation during middle school shapes CS interest and engagement during their first year of high school. We focus on Black girls in the hopes of developing a more nuanced and rigorous understanding of computing experiences at the intersection of racism and sexism in this field.Participants.The focal group of students in this study are 6th–8th-grade Black girls from New York City. We employ a comparative lens in this article, contextualizing the CS experiences and outcomes of Black girls to Latinas, Asian, and White girls, as well as Black boys.Study Method.We primarily rely on quantitative data for this article, applying a critical lens to our analyses and interpretation. More specifically, we conduct descriptive analyses of course-taking patterns as well as survey data that focus on student attitudes and beliefs about CS. We then carry out inferential analyses of students’ administrative records examining how, if at all, middle school CS participation is related to high school outcomes for Black girls. We employ a comparative lens and rely on qualitative data to make sense of our results.Findings.We find that, troublingly, Black girls in the district are disproportionately less likely to receive CS instruction in middle school. Black girls are also less likely than Black boys, Latinas, and White girls to feel that they belong in CS. However, Black girls in CS courses report similar levels of engagement, family, and peer support, as well as value for CS relative to other students in the district. Finally, we find that participation in CS courses in middle school does not increase the likelihood that Black girls will select high schools that offer CS courses or take a CS course during their first year of high school.Conclusions.Our findings suggest that to increase equitable access and participation in CS, it is not enough to simply expose students to CS coursework. We call for sustained attention to the experiences that Black girls have in their CS classes as well as broader structural barriers that might shape CS course-taking.
Análise epidemiológica da mortalidade materna no estado do Paraná: repercussão da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Hammoud Shema El-Laden , Tamura Gustavo , Barduco Julia Nakashima , Purim Katia Sheylla Malta , Quadros Leonardo , Santos Lucas Gusmão dos , Kobarg Luiz Felipe Ribeiro , Meister Thiago 
Published: November 2023

Introdução: A mortalidade materna é relevante indicador nas políticas públicas Brasileiras de assistência à saúde da mulher. A Rede Mãe Paranaense trabalha para reduzir esses indicadores, mas ainda são desconhecidos os impactos da pandemia no óbito materno-fetal. Objetivo: Analisar a Mortalidade Materna nos anos de 2015-2019 e comparar ao ano de 2020 no Paraná. Métodos: Estudo documental retrospectivo, através de coleta de dados do programa DATASUS/SIM. Resultados: Foi observado aumento das mortes maternas indiretas, especificamente na categoria CID10-O98 (Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias maternas [...]), onde foram incluídos os óbitos causados pela COVID-19 (p < 0,0001). Predominaram as mortes puerperais e na população de cor/raça branca, sendo as doenças infecciosas e parasitárias as principais causas indiretas. Uma comparação relativa dos períodos demonstrou que os óbitos indiretos em 2020 superaram a média dos 5 anos anteriores, indicando o impacto da COVID-19 na mortalidade materna. Discussão: Em ambos os períodos estudados, as mortes ocorreram, predominantemente, em ambiente hospitalar. Contudo, em 2020, a proporção de mortes em hospitais aumentou de 76% para 91%, expressando um reflexo do aumento da mortalidade materna devido à pandemia da COVID-19 e de maiores taxas de complicações nas gestações dessas pacientes. Conclusão: A quebra de padrão de mortalidade materna indireta demonstrou o impacto significativo da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde materna. Novos estudos devem analisar e comparar outras variáveis, pois a natureza do estudo e a amostra extraída de um estado específico do Brasil, limitam a generalização dos achados para outros locais e populações. Ademais, pesquisas de levantamento de dados epidemiológicos podem ser úteis como ferramenta de planejamento no âmbito de elaborar estratégias de intervenção e prevenção de comorbidades que influenciem direta e indiretamente as gestações.
Feasibility of Redo-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Sapien Valves Based on In Vivo Computed Tomography Assessment
Authors: Fukui Miho , Okada Atsushi , Thao Kiahltone R. , Burns Marcus R. , Koike Hideki , Wang Cheng , Phichaphop Asa , Lesser John R. , Sorajja Paul , Cavalcante João L. , Bapat Vinayak N. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Our aim was to assess the feasibility of repeat transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) replacement for degenerated Sapien3 (S3) prostheses by simulating subsequent implantation of S3 or Evolut, using in vivo computed tomography–based sizing and the impact on coronary and patient-prosthesis mismatch risks.

METHODS:
Computed tomography scans from 356 patients with prior S3 TAV replacement implantation were analyzed. The in vivo sizing for second TAV based on averaged area of 3 levels of outflow, mid (narrowest) and inflow, was compared with in vitro recommendations, that is, same size as index S3 for second S3 and 1 size larger for Evolut. Risks of coronary obstruction and patient-prosthesis mismatch were determined by valve-to-aorta distance and estimated effective orifice area, respectively.

RESULTS:

Overall, the majority of patients (n=328; 92.1%) had underexpanded index S3 with an expansion area of 94% (91%–97%), leading to significant differences in size selection of the second TAV between in vivo and in vitro sizing strategies. Expansion area <89% served as a threshold, resulting in 1 size smaller than the in vitro recommendations were selected in 45 patients (13%) for S3-in-S3 and 13 (4%) for Evolut-in-S3, while the remaining patients followed in vitro recommendations (
P
<0.01, in vivo versus in vitro sizing). Overall, 57% of total patients for S3-in-S3 simulation and 60% for Evolut-in-S3 were considered low risk for coronary complications. Deep index S3 implantation (odds ratio, 0.76 [interquartile range, 0.67–0.87];
P
<0.001) and selecting Evolut as the second TAV (11% risk reduction in intermediate- or high-risk patients) reduced coronary risk. Estimated moderate or severe patient-prosthesis mismatch risk was 21% for S3-in-S3 and 1% for Evolut-in-S3, assuming optimal expansion of the second TAV.

CONCLUSIONS:
Redo-TAV replacement with S3-in-S3 and Evolut-in-S3 could be feasible with low risk to coronaries in ≈60% of patients, while the remaining 40% will be at intermediate or high risk. The feasibility of redo-TAV replacement is influenced by sizing strategy, type of second TAV, native annular anatomy, and implant depth.
La Sīra ḥalabiyya (1043/1633) : une Vie du Prophète à l’époque ottomane
Authors: Mayeur-Jaouen Catherine 
Published: November 2023

RésuméAchevé en 1043/1633,Insān al-ʿuyūn fī sīrat al-nabī l-maʾmūndu cheikh égyptien ʿAlī l-Ḥalabī (m. 1044/1635) est plus connu sous le nom d’al-Sīra l-ḥalabiyya. Elle se présente comme le résumé de deuxsīras d’époque mamelouke, lesʿUyūn al-aṯar fī funūn al-maġāzī wa-l-šamāʾil wa-l-siyard’Ibn Sayyid al-Nās (m. 734/1334) et lesSubul al-hudā wa-l-rašād fī sīrat ḫayr al-ʿibād, d’al-Ṣāliḥī l-Šāmī (m. 942/1536). LaSīra ḥalabiyyaqui fut écrite à la demande du cheikh al-Bakrī s’inscrit dans les débats de l’islam ottoman duXIe/XVIIesiècle. En se débarrassant des chaînes de transmission des hadiths, en évitant souvent de mentionner précisément ses sources, al-Ḥalabī cherche une souplesse narrative qui s’affranchit d’une quête trop étroite de l’authenticité au profit du vraisemblable et de multiples possibles. Sa méthode plus conciliatrice que récapitulative guide fermement le lecteur vers les signes de la présence du Prophète dans l’histoire des hommes, où les origines sont rendues constamment actuelles par de nouveaux récits.