bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of ductal plate malformation: correlation with fetal liver
Authors: Awasthi A , Das A , Srinivasan R , Joshi K 
Published: December 2004

Aims : Ductal plate malformation (DPM) is the persistence of excess of embryonic bile duct structures in the portal tracts. Most of the congenital diseases of intrahepatic bile ducts represent examples of DPM at different levels of the biliary tree. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological spectrum and immunohistochemical properties of DPM in various paediatric liver diseases and compare them with those of the normal embryonic ductal plates of human fetuses.Methods and results : All paediatric liver biopsies and autopsied livers of infant deaths and stillbirths over a 5‐year period (between 1996 and June 2001) were subjected to histopathological examination to identify ductal plate malformations. A detailed immunohistochemical analysis was carried out in 35 cases of ductal plate malformation and 25 abortuses by using antibodies against cytokeratin (CK)7, 8, 18 and 19, CD34 and type IV collagen. Thirty‐nine cases of ductal plate malformation were identified which consisted of extrahepatic biliary atresia with DPM (n = 20), isolated congenital hepatic fibrosis (n = 9), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (n = 5), congenital hepatic fibrosis with autosomal polycystic kidney disease (n = 2), Caroli's syndrome (n = 2) and one case of Ivemark's syndrome. The ductal plate cells stained with CK7, 8, 18 and 19 but not with CD34.Conclusion : DPM was present in all intrahepatic bile duct diseases included in this study and in about 26% of cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia. The cytokeratin immunophenotype of the ductal plate in pathological conditions is similar to that of normal embryonic ductal plates of fetuses after 20 weeks of gestation.
Prognostic analysis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma subclassification with special consideration of papillary and bronchioloalveolar types
Authors: Aida S , Shimazaki H , Sato K , Sato M , Deguchi H , Ozeki Y , Tamai S 
Published: December 2004

Aims: The third edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumours has been published and is expected to become the standard nomenclature. The aim of this study was to assess the usability and prognostic significance of the WHO classification in comparison with other recent classifications.Methods and results: One hundred and forty‐seven resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases were reviewed and histologically classified according to the WHO classification (1999) and the classification by Noguchi (1995). Papillary carcinomas as described by Silver and Askin (1997) were also identified. Since the papillary type in the WHO classification is not strictly defined, we compared the following two kinds of WHO classification: (i) WHO‐N; WHO classification adopting Noguchi Type F as the definition of the papillary type, namely, pure papillary adenocarcinoma without a bronchioloalveolar component; (ii) WHO‐SA; WHO classification adopting papillary carcinoma by Silver and Askin as the definition of the papillary type, namely, tumour with papillary structure constituting at least 75% of the lesion. The bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the WHO classification showed a better prognosis than other subtypes in both overall and Stage I disease limited survival analysis. In analysis limited to Stage III disease, only the papillary type of WHO‐SA showed a significantly worse prognosis.Conclusions: WHO‐SA is recommended for prognostic correlation.
Ductal carcinoma in situ with spindle cells: a potential diagnostic pitfall in the evaluation of breast lesions
Authors: Tan P H , Lui G G , Chiang G , Yap W M , Poh W T , Bay B H 
Published: December 2004

Aims : To evaluate the morphological features of 11 cases of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with spindle cells and to propose an approach to distinguish it from benign mimics. The association with neuroendocrine differentiation was also investigated.Methods : Cases of breast DCIS with a spindle cell component diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, between June 1996 and January 2003, were included in the study. The histological characteristics were documented, and immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, hormone receptors, cerbB2, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) cytokeratins, was carried out. Electron microscopy was carried out on reprocessed paraffin‐embedded material in three cases.Results : Of 11 women diagnosed with DCIS with spindle cells, four presented with nipple discharge, six with a breast lump, while one was discovered to have a screen detected density. The tumour size ranged from 3 to 41 mm. The proportion of spindle cells varied from 10% to 80% of the in‐situ tumour cell population. Nuclear grade was low in seven cases and intermediate in four. Necrosis was observed in two cases. Architectural pattern was papillary in six cases, and mixed in the rest. Microinvasion was present in two cases, with possible microinvasion in another two. Immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin and chromogranin showed positive reactivity for at least one marker in all but three cases; one of these latter cases demonstrated ultrastructural neurosecretory granules. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors were expressed in 10 and nine cases, respectively, while cerbB2 was positive in only one case. HMW cytokeratin immunoprofile revealed a general lack of immunostaining within the abnormal cell population; likewise, no positivity for SMA of the cellular proliferation was detected.Conclusions : Almost all DCIS lesions with spindle cells disclose neuroendocrine differentiation. Although the distinction from benign florid usual hyperplasia may pose a diagnostic histological problem, the presence of diffuse neuroendocrine expression, in conjunction with the pattern of HMW keratin profile on immunohistochemistry, supports an in‐situ neoplastic process. The absence of SMA immunostaining, in conjunction with negative reactivity for cytokeratins 5/6 and 14, makes the possibility of a myoepithelial proliferation unlikely.
British Division of the International Academy of Pathology
Authors: Van Den Tweel J , Howat A J , Shepherd N A , Francis N , Harris C 
Published: December 2004

10–15 October 2004 XXVth International Congress. Brisbane, Australia26–27 November 2004 Symposium on Pulmonary Pathology. London, UK5–8 July 2005 Joint Meeting with the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Newcastle‐Upon‐Tyne, UK25–26 November 2005 Symposium on Intestinal Pathology. London, UK
Rare expression of KIT (CD117) in lymphomas: a tissue microarray study of 1166 cases
Authors: Zimpfer A , Went P , Tzankov A , Pehrs A‐C , Lugli A , Maurer R , Terracciano L , Pileri S , Dirnhofer S 
Published: December 2004

Aims : Imatinib mesylate specifically inhibits KIT tyrosine kinase activity, and has been proven to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Because other KIT‐expressing malignancies might benefit from Imatinib therapy, we evaluated the distribution and expression of KIT in 1166 cases of malignant lymphoma.Materials and results : Tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 824 non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 342 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cases were immunohistochemically analysed for the expression of the KIT protein. Two KIT‐positive NHLs were sequenced using polymerase chain reaction analysis. One T‐cell lymphoma and one follicular lymphoma of the 747 NHL cases (0.3%) were positive for KIT. All HLs were Kit‐negative. None of the KIT‐positive cases showed a kit gene mutation.Conclusions : KIT expression is a very rare event in NHL and virtually absent in HL. In the few positive cases, the aberrant expression is not caused by a mutation in the ‘hot‐spots’ of the kit gene, indicating that treatment of these tumours with Imatinib may be ineffective.
Tenascin‐C in primary malignant melanoma of the skin
Authors: Ilmonen S , Jahkola T , Turunen J P , Muhonen T , Asko‐Seljavaara S 
Published: December 2004

Aims : To investigate the expression and the prognostic role of glycoprotein Tenascin‐C (Tn‐C) in primary melanoma of the skin.Methods and results : The immunohistochemical expression of Tn‐C was studied in 98 primary melanomas and related to inflammation, invasion, and patient outcome. Patients were followed up for disease recurrence for 0.04–7.4 years (median 3.9) and for survival for 0.5 to 12.1 years (median 9.3). The expression of Tn‐C was evaluated for each tumour invasion border; the stromal and intracytoplasmic Tn‐C of the melanoma islets were also recorded. Tn‐C is widely expressed in primary melanoma samples, the staining pattern varying from focal to diffuse in different parts of the tumour. No correlation existed between intensity of Tn‐C staining and inflammation. No stromal Tn‐C was detected at the upper dermal lateral border in 12 patients, nor at the deep, dermal or subcutaneous border in 14 patients. These patients showed better disease‐free survival (DFS) than did those cases with focal or diffuse staining (P = 0.06, P = 0.05). Also, absence of intracytoplasmic Tn‐C was a beneficial prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, tumour ulceration and intracytoplasmic Tn‐C expression of melanoma cells were independent adverse prognostic factors for DFS.Conclusions : In primary melanoma of the skin, absence of Tn‐C in the stroma of invasion fronts and within tumour cells seems to be related to a more benign disease behaviour with a lower risk of developing metastases.
British Division of the International Academy of Pathology
Authors: Van Den Tweel J , Howat A J , Shepherd N A , Francis N , Harris C 
Published: December 2004

Forthcoming meetings 10–15 October 2004 XXVth International Congress. Brisbane, Australia 26–27 November 2004 Symposium on Pulmonary Pathology. London, UK 5–8 July 2005 Joint Meeting with the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Newcastle‐Upon‐Tyne, UK 25–26 November 2005 Symposium on Intestinal Pathology. London, UK
Galectin‐3 does not reliably distinguish benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Mehrotra P , Okpokam A , Bouhaidar R , Johnson S J , Wilson J A , Davies B R , Lennard T W J 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  To determine whether galectin‐3 is a sensitive indicator of thyroid malignancy. It has been suggested as a potential marker for differentiating thyroid carcinoma from benign or non‐neoplastic lesions in preoperative fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs).Methods:  Galectin‐3 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed thyroid tissues from 124 patients with histological diagnoses of papillary carcinoma (n = 38), follicular carcinoma (n = 19), follicular adenoma (n = 32) and dominant nodules of multinodular goitre (n = 35). Expression of galectin‐3 was also assessed by Western blotting in 24 fresh thyroid tissues.Results:  Galectin‐3 expression was observed in the majority of carcinomas (papillary 92%; follicular 74%). However, a large proportion of follicular adenomas (72%) and multinodular goitres (57%) also expressed galectin‐3. In addition, galectin‐3 expression was observed in epithelial cells of normal thyroid tissue and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Galectin‐3 immunopositivity was significantly greater in papillary carcinomas than in dominant nodules or follicular adenomas (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005, respectively). However, galectin‐3 expression was no greater in follicular carcinomas than in follicular adenomas (P = 0.8735). Western blotting analysis confirmed both the specificity of the antiserum and expression of galectin‐3 in multinodular goitres, follicular adenomas/carcinomas and papillary carcinomas.Conclusion:  The data demonstrate that galectin‐3 is not a reliable immunohistochemical marker to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid follicular lesions.
The pattern and frequency of t(14;18) translocation and immunophenotype in Asian follicular lymphoma
Authors: Peh S C , Shaminie J , Tai Y C , Tan J , Gan S S 
Published: December 2004

Aims:  Follicular lymphoma is frequently associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation. This study was undertaken to determine the pattern of Bcl‐2, CD10 and Bcl‐6 expression in relation to t(14;18) translocation in follicular lymphoma from a cohort of a multi‐ethnic Asian population.Methods and results:  Sixty‐two cases of follicular lymphoma were retrieved for immunohistochemistry, and t(14;18) translocation analysis by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in‐situ hybridization techniques. Bcl‐2 expression was present in 74% of the cases. CD10 expression was also relatively low (61%), with decreasing frequency of expression in high‐grade tumours. Bcl‐6 protein was expressed in most of the tumours (88%) regardless of the tumour grade. The t(14;18) translocation was detected in 46 cases (74%) with an extremely high rate of t(14;18) translocation in ethnic Indian cases (100%).Conclusion:  The frequency of t(14;18) translocation in this series of follicular lymphomas was higher when compared with previous Asian reports, but in accordance with European and North American findings. CD10 expression is strongly associated with a t(14;18) translocation event, but the overall CD10 expression was relatively low, possibly due to the high proportion of high‐grade tumours in the series. t(14;18) translocation was not associated with Bcl‐2 or Bcl‐6 expression.
Antimicrobial activity of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the endodontic microorganisms Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Radcliffe C. E. , Potouridou L. , Qureshi R. , Habahbeh N. , Qualtrough A. , Worthington H. , Drucker D. B. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To determine the resistance of microorganisms associated with refractory endodontic infections to sodium hypochlorite used as a root canal irrigant.Methodology  Two strains each of Actinomyces naeslundii, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis were tested as late logarithmic phase inocula, against sodium hypochlorite adjusted to 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.25% w/v. Contact times used were 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 s. In the case of E. faecalis, additional experiments used contact times of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 30.0 min. Anti‐microbial action was halted by sodium thiosulphate addition. Survivors were measured primarily using viable counts on drop plates. Additionally, pour plates were used to count low colony‐forming units (cfu) and dilutions to 10−6 were used to count high cfu.Results  All concentrations of NaOCl lowered cfu below the limit of detection after 10 s in the case of A. naeslundii and C. albicans. However, E. faecalis proved to be more resistant to NaOCl. Using 0.5% NaOCl for 30 min reduced cfu to zero for both strains tested. This compares with 10 min for 1.0%, 5 min for 2.5% and 2 min for 5.25% (P < 0.001). Regression analysis for the dependent variable loge(count + 1) with loge(time + 1) and concentration as explanatory variables gave rise to a significant interaction between time and concentration (P < 0.001).Conclusion  The published association of E. faecalis with refractory endodontic infection may result, at least partially, from high resistance of this species to NaOCl. This does not appear to be the case with A. naeslundii or C. albicans.
Effect of root‐end resection and root‐end filling on apical leakage in the presence of core‐carrier root canal obturation
Authors: Taschieri S. , Del Fabbro M. , Francetti L. , Testori T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the apical seal of canals filled with a core‐carrier obturator following root‐end resection with and without a root‐end filling.Methodology  Thirty single‐rooted human teeth with single canals were used. Root canal treatment was performed and canals filled with a core‐carrier obturation technique. The teeth were then randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10). In the first group root canal filling only was performed. After orthograde filling, the teeth of the second group were resected apically, perpendicular to the major axis of the root. In the third group after apical resection, a root‐end cavity was prepared using ultrasonic diamond retrotips and the cavities filled with Super‐EBA cement. During a period of 3 h and with a headspace pressure of 0.12 atm, methylene‐blue solution was forced through a tube that was connected to the apical end of each tooth specimen. The coronal end of the tooth was connected to a capillary tube containing an air bubble. Leakage was evaluated by observing the distal displacement of the air bubble. The roots were then sectioned along their long axis. Using a stereomicroscope, linear dye infiltration at the dentine–cement interface was determined. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare the three groups.Results  Linear dye infiltration was significantly greater in root canals filled with the core‐carrier obturators and resected apically (0.9 ± 0.9 mm) when compared with those that had root‐end fillings (0.2 ± 0.4 mm). Air bubble displacement was not observed.Conclusion  Root‐end filling improves the sealing of roots with core‐carrier obturation following root‐end resection.
An in vitro comparison of the bleaching efficacy of 35% carbamide peroxide with established intracoronal bleaching agents
Authors: Lim M. Y. , Lum S. O. Y. , Poh R. S. C. , Lee G. P. , Lim K.‐C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the bleaching efficacy of 35% carbamide peroxide, 35% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate for intracoronal bleaching of root filled discoloured teeth.Methodology  Extracted premolars were artificially stained using whole blood then root canal treatment was performed. After obturation, a 2 mm intermediate base was placed 1 mm below the buccal amelo‐cemental junction. Intracoronal bleaching was performed in 11 teeth per group, using either 35% carbamide peroxide gel (group CP), 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (group HP) or sodium perborate mixed with distilled water (group SP). The bleaching agents were replaced after 7 days. The shade of the teeth was evaluated at day 0, 7 and 14. The results were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results  At the end of 7 days, both groups CP and HP lightened by 8 ± 3 Vita tab positions, respectively, whereas group SP lightened by 5 ± 3 tab positions (P < 0.05). At the end of the second bleaching period at day 14, group CP and HP lightened by a further 2 ± 2 and 2 ± 3 tab positions, respectively, whereas group SP lightened by a further 3 ± 4 tab positions. There were no statistical differences between groups at day 14.Conclusions  Thirty‐five per cent carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide were equally effective for intracoronal bleaching, and significantly better than sodium perborate after 7 days. After 14 days, there were no significant differences between the groups. Thirty‐five per cent carbamide peroxide can be recommended as an equally effective alternative to hydrogen peroxide for intracoronal bleaching.
FT‐Raman spectroscopy of calcium hydroxide medicament in root canals
Authors: Kwon T. Y. , Fujishima T. , Imai Y. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To investigate chemical changes in calcium hydroxide introduced into human root canals as a medicament using Fourier transform‐(FT) Raman spectroscopy.Methodology  Ten necrotic maxillary anterior teeth were selected in 10 patients. The teeth were divided into five treatment groups, according to the survey time. Root canal instrumentation was performed with hand instruments until the master apical file was size 40. Calcium hydroxide paste, in a 1 : 1.25 mixture by weight of powder and distilled water, was introduced directly into the root canal with a lentulo‐spiral filler and then condensed with a finger plugger. The access cavity was sealed with a temporary dressing. After 2 and 4 days, then 2, 4 and 6 weeks, the calcium hydroxide paste was sampled with a K‐file and then analysed using FT‐Raman spectroscopy. The excitation source was an Nd : YAG laser with an excitation wavelength of 1064 nm. All spectra were taken with a laser power of 200 mW, 275–1185 scans, and 4 cm−1 resolution. The conversion of calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate was calculated on the basis of the spectral data obtained from the mixtures of both compounds.Results  The calcium hydroxide paste in the apical region showed weak bands at 1088 and 284 cm−1, in addition to bands associated with calcium hydroxide. The weak bands, assigned to calcium carbonate, became stronger with time. Calcium carbonate content increased rapidly in the first 2 days and then tended to increase slowly. Approximately 11% of the calcium hydroxide at the apical portion of the canal was converted to calcium carbonate after 6 weeks. However, little alteration of the paste was noticed in the samples from the middle portion of the canal.Conclusions  Calcium hydroxide medicament in root canals became transformed into calcium carbonate in the apical region within 2 days. Although the transformation continued with time, approximately 90% of the calcium hydroxide remained unchanged after 6 weeks.
Extraradicular diffusion of hydrogen peroxide and pH changes associated with intracoronal bleaching of discoloured teeth using different bleaching agents
Authors: Lee G. P. , Lee M. Y. , Lum S. O. Y. , Poh R. S. C. , Lim K.‐C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the extraradicular pH and hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion when either 35% carbamide peroxide (CP), 35% HP or sodium perborate (SP) is used for intracoronal bleaching of artificially discoloured teeth.Methodology  Single rooted extracted human premolars were stained with whole blood cells. After shaping and cleaning, they were root filled and a base cement placed 1 mm below the buccal cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Four cemental defects were prepared just below the CEJ on each root surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 11 specimens, and intracoronally bleached using CP, HP, SP or distilled water (CL). Each tooth was suspended in a vial of distilled water and bleached for 7 days. The pH of the extraradicular distilled water was tested at 0, 1, 2 and 7 days and the HP that diffused through the root quantified using the Ferrous Oxidation–Xylenol Orange 2 Assay. The results were analysed using the one‐way anova and Scheffe tests.Results  Carbamide peroxide produced the greatest increase and HP the least pH change (P < 0.05 except day 1), SP was intermediate. From day 1 onwards, radicular diffusion of HP was greatest with HP and least with CP (P < 0.01), again SP was intermediate. There was no significant difference between CP and SP.Conclusions  Carbamide peroxide had very low levels of extraradicular diffusion of HP, in the presence of cemental defects. It could be an alternative to the other intracoronal bleaching agents.