bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granite gneiss basement on Flinders Island, South Australia
Authors: COOPER S. A. , BELOUSOVA E. A. 
Published: February 2005

A U–Pb zircon age of 1762 ± 11 Ma is reported for granite gneiss located on Flinders Island, South Australia. This age is identical, within analytical uncertainty, to a previously reported age for schists of the Price Metasediments located 100 km to the southeast on the southwestern coast of the Eyre Peninsula. The outcrop represents the only known country rock to the Early Mesoproterozoic Calca Granite (Hiltaba Suite) of Flinders Island, the largest island of the Investigator Group of islands, in the southwestern Gawler Craton. The stratigraphic name Investigator Granite Gneiss is proposed for this rock unit. The discovery of the Investigator Granite Gneiss now considerably increases the extent of known Late Palaeoproterozoic rocks on the eastern side of the peninsula. The outcrop was previously included with the considerably younger St Peter Suite granite–monzogranite, and grouped together with other islands in the Investigator Group. This new dating suggests that the geology on the other islands may require revision. For the first time, detailed major and trace‐element geochemistry is supplied for the granite gneiss on Flinders Island.
Psychiatric disorders and large interdialytic weight gain in patients on chronic haemodialysis
Authors: TASKAPAN HULYA , ATES FEHMI , KAYA BURHANETTIN , EMUL MURAT , KAYA MINE , TASKAPAN ÇAGATAY , SAHIN IBRAHIM 
Published: February 2005

SUMMARY:Aims:  Psychiatric disorders have been considered in terms of non‐compliant behaviour and low life quality in haemodialysis patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential association of psychiatric disorders with compliance of fluid restriction and nutritional status and to measure the effects of psychiatric disorders on the life quality in chronic renal failure patients on haemodialysis.Methods:  The study was conducted between April 2002 and December 2002 at a University hospital haemodialysis unit. The study population included 40 chronic renal failure patients (15 females/25 males). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME‐MD), The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF‐36) were used for patient assessment by a trained psychiatrist. The subjects’ medical charts were reviewed by a physician who was unaware of the the results of the psychiatric assesments. Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG %) and nutritional status were used as an index of diet compliance. Nutrition was assessed by using subjective global assessment (SGA), serum albumin, predialysis phosphorus and potassium levels.Results:  All patients’ MMSE were normal. A diagnosis of a depressive or anxiety or somatoform disorder by the PRIME MD was made in 65% of the patients. Fourteen (35%) of the patients had a depressive disorder, 13 (32.5%) of the patients had a somatoform disorder, and 12 (30%) had an anxiety disorder. We found no relationship between any psychiatric disorder and age, sex, duration of dialysis therapy, education, marital status, employment, socioeconomic status, serum albumin, phosphorus, potassium or SGA (P > 0.05). In patients with depression or a somatoform disorder, the interdialytic weight (%) was significantly higher than those of the patients without these disorders (P < 0.05). All indices of quality of life decreased in patients diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.Conclusion:  Depressive symptoms are important determinants of patients’ large interdialytic weight gain and psychiatric disorders that effect a patients’ overall quality of life. Evaluation of psychiatric status should be part of the care provided to haemodialysis patients.
Emergency Department and Community Health Center Visits and Costs in an Uninsured Population
Authors: Smith‐Campbell Betty 
Published: February 2005

Purpose:

To assess how a Community Health Center (CHC) influenced access to care for uninsured people and to describe the economic effect on the local hospital.
Design:

A framework on access to health care was used in this community‐level, descriptive study.
Methods:

Data were collected on emergency department (ED) use before state funding of the CHC, 1988 and through 2001. Information included insurance status, charges, diagnosis, and complexity of services received. This study is a population study, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
Findings:

Within 3 years after state funding of a CHC began, uninsured visits to the local hospital ED decreased by almost 40%. After 10 years, uninsured ED visits remained 25% lower than before state funding began, whereas insured visits had almost doubled (98%). The decrease in number of uninsured visits saved the hospital and uninsured patients almost $14 million.
Conclusions:

After establishment of the CHC, ED visits by uninsured patients declined. Although a causal link cannot be made between the CHC and ED, the descriptive data provide information about a linkage between the decline of uninsured ED visits and the CHC.
Post-thrombotic syndrome, functional disability and quality of life after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults
Authors: Elman Elyssa , Bornais Chantal , Blostein Mark , Wells Phillip , Kahn Susan 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) has not been well characterized. The objective of our study was to describe and quantify residual symptoms, functional disability and quality of life associated with PTS after UEDVT in adults. Twenty-four patients with objectively diagnosed UEDVT (bilateral in 1 patient) at least 6 months previously were recruited from two Canadian thrombosis clinics. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, DVT risk factors and affected venous segments. The Villalta PTS scale, modified for the upper extremity, was used to diagnose PTS. Patients completed questionnaires on degree of functional disability (DASH questionnaire), and generic (SF-36) and disease-specific (VEINES-QOL) quality of life. Results were compared in patients with and without PTS. Patients were assessed a median of 13 months after the diagnosis of UEDVT. Daily ipsilateral arm or hand swelling was reported by 52% of patients and daily ipsilateral arm pain by 20% of study patients, compared with 0% and 0%, respectively, in the contralateral arm. PTS was present in 11/25 (44%) limbs (11/24 patients). One patient had severe PTS. Patients with PTS, compared with those without PTS, had significantly more functional disability (mean DASH score 20.9 vs. 3.7, p= 0.009) and poorer quality of life (mean VEINES-QOL score 45.6 vs. 53.6; p=0.001; mean SF-36 Physical Component Score (PCS) 40.8 vs.50.2; p= 0.12). PTS scores were higher and quality of life was poorer when PTS involved the dominant arm. In conclusion, PTS occurs frequently after UEDVT and is associated with significant functional disability and reduced quality of life. Patients with dominant arm PTS appear to fare worse than those with non-dominant arm PTS. Larger, prospective studies to identify prognostic factors that lead to PTS after UEDVT are warranted.
Antithrombotic potential of new direct thrombin inhibitors built on the azaphenylalanine scaffold in two rat venous thrombosis models
Authors: Stegnar Mojca , Drevenšek Gorazd , Budihna Metka , Božič Mojca , Zega Anamarija , Štalc Anton , Černe Manica , Urleb Uroš , Peternel Luka 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe antithrombotic potential of new direct thrombin inhibitors built on the azaphenylalanine scaffold (LK-732, LK-639 and LK-731) and their amidoxime prodrugs (LK-658, LK-633 and LK-730) was studied in comparison to argatroban and nadroparin in two rat models of venous thrombosis, induced either by complete stasis combined with hypercoagulability (model 1) or by partial stasis combined with vessel injury (model 2). In initial experiments LK-732 was established as the most promising antithrombotic of the LK inhibitors and as such was further tested. In model 1, intravenous bolus administration of LK-732 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of thrombus formation with an ID50 value of 1.3 mg/kg. This ID50 value was approximately four times higher than the ID50 value of argatroban (0.3 mg/kg; p=0.011). However, in model 2, LK-732 and argatroban decreased thrombus weight by 50% at similar ID50 values (3.8 mg/kg vs 3.0 mg/kg, respectively; p=0.726). The ex vivo anticoagulant effect of LK-732 was substantially weaker compared to argatroban at doses that produced comparable antithrombotic effects. After subcutaneous administration, in vivo thrombus weight reduction of LK inhibitors (10 mg/kg) ranged between 22 to 48%. However, their oral antithrombotic effect at a dose of 30 mg/kg was rather low. LK amidoxime prodrugs failed to produce a substantial antithrombotic effect after subcutaneous (10 mg/ kg) as well as after oral administration (30 mg/kg). In conclusion, thrombin inhibitors built on the azaphenylalanine scaffold represent a new group of intravenously effective antithrombotics. However, optimisation of the oral antithrombotic effect of amid-oxime prodrug LK-658 of the lead inhibitor LK-732 is required for justifying further development of these inhibitors.
Evaluation of thrombin generating capacity in plasma from patients with haemophilia A and B
Authors: Béguin Suzette , Lienhart Anne , Al Dieri Raed , Trzeciak Christine , Bordet Jean , Hemker Coenraad , Negrier Claude , Dargaud Yesim 
Published: February 2005

SummaryIn haemophilia patients, a relationship is usually observed between the clinical expression of the disease and plasmatic factor VIII/factor IX (FVIII/FIX) activity. However, it is known from clinical experience, that some haemophilia patients, despite similar FVIII/FIX plasma levels, could exhibit different bleeding phenotype. After determining preanalytical test conditions, we evaluated the thrombin generation capacity from haemophilia plasma samples in various conditions and the potential usefulness of thrombin generation test (TGT) in haemophilia patients. In a series of 46 haemophilia patients (34 haemophilia A and 12 haemophilia B patients), we found a significant correlation between plasmatic FVIII/FIX levels and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak and time to peak obtained by thrombin generation measurement. In addition, a correlation was found between severe clinical bleeding phenotype and ETP. Our results suggest that TGT could be a promising tool to evaluate haemostasis capacity in patients with haemophilia. Our ex vivo results, obtained 24 hours after FVIII concentrate administration, showed that in patients presenting similar plasmatic FVIIII levels, thrombin generation capacity may be significantly different. These results suggest that in patients with haemophilia, TGT could be useful for individually tailoring prophylactic regimens as well as for adapting clotting factors infusions in surgical situations, in addition to FVIII/FIX plasma clotting activities.
Single cell studies of the cell cycle and some models
Authors: Mitchison JM 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Analysis of growth and division often involves measurements made on cell populations, which tend to average data. The value of single cell analysis needs to be appreciated, and models based on findings from single cells should be taken into greater consideration in our understanding of the way in which cell size and division are co-ordinated. Examples are given of some single cell analyses in mammalian cells, yeast and other microorganisms. There is also a short discussion on how far the results are in accord with simple models.
Epitope mapping of Ly-49G and G-like receptors: CK-1 antibody defines a polymorphic site of functional interaction with class I ligand
Authors: Osman Mohammed S , Silver Elizabeth T , Varghese Jay C , Chang Chew Shun , Gong Dong-Er , Audette Gerald F , Hazes Bart , Kane Kevin P 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLy-49 receptors regulate mouse natural killer cell functions. Members of the polymorphic Ly-49 multigene family recognize specific alleles of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) or MHC I-like proteins. Previous studies have provided insight into the nature of Ly-49A and -C interaction with their high-affinity MHC I ligands, H-2Dd and Kb, respectively. Unlike Ly-49C, recognition of MHC I by Ly-49A is regulated in part by residues within the β4–β5 loop of its ectodomain. Ly-49A and -G are within the same Ly-49 subfamily, and both receptors recognize Dd. However, there have been no studies that define specific sites on Ly-49G that mediate class I MHC recognition. The Ly-49G receptors of different inbred mouse strains can differ as a result of amino acid polymorphisms within their ectodomains. In this report, we have generated a novel antibody, CK-1, which recognizes Ly-49GB6 and a Ly-49GB6-like receptor, Ly-49Mnonobese diabetic, but not Ly-49GBALB/c. By exploiting the differences within ectodomains of C57BL/6 and BALB/c Ly-49G allele products, we identified epitopes recognized by the Ly-49G-specific antibodies CK-1 and Cwy-3, whose epitopes mapped within the β4–β5 loop and the β1 strand, respectively, and were nonoverlapping. Although both antibodies specifically recognized the Ly-49GB6 ectodomain, Cwy-3 was unable to block its interaction with MHC I, and CK-1 significantly inhibited it. The importance of residues within the β4–β5 loop in Ly-49G recognition demonstrates that its interaction with MHC I is similar to that of Ly-49A but not Ly-49C.
Strategic information management in health care - myth or reality?
Authors: Curry Adrienne , Knowles Gail 
Published: February 2005

This paper uses data gathered from a case NHS Trust in Scotland to demonstrate progress in terms of operational and strategic information management and to highlight some of the problems currently experienced in the health-care environment in striving to comply with governmental policies relating to information sharing. Progress has certainly been made and there is recognition of the potential to be achieved from more efficient and effective information management in health care. Problems exist, however, and there is still a considerable gap to be filled between the policy objectives and what is actually achievable in reality on a day-to-day basis. Data have been gathered from a hospital and a health centre to illustrate information flow between two of the Trust entities and a benchmark has been provided, showing that best practice can be achieved and how it can be achieved.
Load-Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structures by Dynamic Testing and Finite-Element Model Updating
Authors: Xia P-Q , Brownjohn JMW 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
There are many nondestructive test methods for the detailed condition evaluation of existing bridges. However, on detection of damage or deterioration, it may be possible only to make a subjective or qualitative judgement on safety. Resulting from research aimed at providing quantitative measures of bridge condition and fitness for purpose, this paper presents a practical method for evaluating the load-carrying capacity of damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam structures based on dynamic testing and finite-element (FE) model updating. The distribution of the second moment of the cross section along an RC beam structure that had been loaded until failure was identified using FE model updating. Based on the identified second moment of cross section, the effective steel ratio and the ultimate moment of the damaged structure were estimated, leading to an estimate of load-carrying capacity. The paper describes a laboratory study using techniques that can be applied to prototype structures.
Quantifying the Confidence Levels of Deformation Measurements in Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Levenberg E , Uzan J 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
An experimental approach for measuring surface strains in asphalt concrete (AC) samples is presented in this paper. It is equivalent to the local attachment of a large number of linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTs) with gage lengths ranging from 5 to 80 mm. The strain distribution properties developed under conditions of uniaxial tension are studied and analyzed for one AC mixture. It is shown that gage lengths of the order of the nominal maximum aggregate size measure a wide range of strain values: from zero strain up to 5 times the average strain. Moreover, as the gage length is increased, the scatter is reduced and the individual measurements yield values that are closer to their average. Subsequently, the confidence levels associated with using a limited number of gages with a given gage length are quantified. The results are then used to assess test protocol recommendations related to AC sample instrumentation. The size scale of the material's Representative Volume Element (RVE) is also addressed.
Heat, Air, and Moisture Transport Properties of Several North American Bricks and Mortar Mixes
Authors: Kumaran MK , Lackey JC , Normandin N , Tariku F , van Reenen D 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Hygrothermal models are emerging as practical building design tools. These models require a set of reliable inputs to provide results that are meaningful to the designers. One of these inputs is the set of heat, air, and moisture transport properties of materials. For any given class of building materials, the properties may vary within a broad range. This paper reports the porosity, density, matrix density, thermal conductivity, equilibrium moisture content, water vapor permeability, water absorption coefficient, liquid diffusivity, and air permeability of six types of bricks and four mortar mixes that are used commonly in North America. The experimental and analytical procedures follow either international standards or well-established methodologies.
Outcomes of Various Classes of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jang Heejoon , Kim Yeonjin , Lee Dong Hyeon , Joo Sae Kyung , Koo Bo Kyung , Lim Soo , Lee Woojoo , Kim Won 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceSeveral oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) classes can potentially improve patient outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to varying degrees, but clinical data on which class is favored are lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate which OAD is associated with the best patient outcomes in NAFLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective nonrandomized interventional cohort study used the National Health Information Database, which provided population-level data for Korea. This study involved patients with T2D and concomitant NAFLD.ExposuresReceiving either sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, or sulfonylureas, each combined with metformin for 80% or more of 90 consecutive days.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were NAFLD regression assessed by the fatty liver index and composite liver-related outcome (defined as liver-related hospitalization, liver-related mortality, liver transplant, and hepatocellular carcinoma) using the Fine-Gray model regarding competing risks.ResultsIn total, 80 178 patients (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [11.9] years; 43 007 [53.6%] male) were followed up for 219 941 person-years, with 4102 patients experiencing NAFLD regression. When compared with sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [ASHR], 1.99 [95% CI, 1.75-2.27]), thiazolidinediones (ASHR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.41-2.05]), and DPP-4 inhibitors (ASHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.31-1.59]) were associated with NAFLD regression. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a higher likelihood of NAFLD regression when compared with thiazolidinediones (ASHR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.12-1.75]) and DPP-4 inhibitors (ASHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.30-1.62]). Only SGLT2 inhibitors (ASHR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.17-0.82]), not thiazolidinediones or DPP-4 inhibitors, were significantly associated with lower incidence rates of adverse liver-related outcomes when compared with sulfonylureas.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that physicians may lean towards prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors as the preferred OAD for individuals with NAFLD and T2D, considering their potential benefits in NAFLD regression and lower incidences of adverse liver-related outcomes. This observational study should prompt future research to determine whether prescribing practices might merit reexamination.
A CNN‐based denoising method trained with images acquired with electron density phantoms for thin‐sliced coronary artery calcium scans
Authors: Yang Ching‐Ching , Hou Kuei‐Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeThis work proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based method trained with images acquired with electron density phantoms to reduce quantum noise for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans reconstructed with slice thickness less than 3 mm.MethodsA DenseNet model was used to estimate quantum noise for CAC scans reconstructed with slice thickness of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm. Training data was acquired using electron density phantoms in three different sizes. The label images of the CNN model were real noise maps, while the input images of the CNN model were pseudo noise maps. Image denoising was conducted by subtracting the CNN output images from thin‐sliced CAC scans. The efficacy of the proposed method was verified through both phantom study and patient study.ResultsBy means of phantom study, the proposed method was proven effective in reducing quantum noise in CAC scans reconstructed with 1.5‐mm slice thickness without causing significant texture change or variation in HU values. With regard to patient study, calcifications were more clear on the denoised CAC scans reconstructed with slice thickness of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm than on 3‐mm slice images, while over‐smooth changes were not observed in the denoised CAC scans reconstructed with 1.5‐mm slice thickness.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the electron density phantoms can be used to generate training data for the proposed CNN‐based denoising method to reduce quantum noise for CAC scans reconstructed with 1.5‐mm slice thickness. Because anthropomorphic phantom is not a necessity, our method could make image denoising more practical in routine clinical practice.
A Glance into the Destiny of Transcriptomic Activity, Embodied by the HOX Genes, in Neonatal and Aging Dermal Cells
Authors: Ko Doyeong , Mun Seyoung , Kim Minji , Nho Youn‐Hwa , Lee Dong‐Geol , Kang Seunghyun , Han Kyudong , Kim Misun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSkin is an organ having a crucial role in the protection of muscle, bone, and internal organs and undergoing continuous self‐renewal and aged. The growing interest in the prevention of skin aging and rejuvenation has sparked a surge of industrial and research studies focusing on the biological and transcriptional changes that occur during skin development and aging. In this study, the aim is to identify transcriptional differences between two main types of human skin cells: the human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and the human epidermis keratinocytes (HEKs) isolated from 30 neonatal and 30 adults (old) skin. Through differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiling using DEseq2, 604 up‐, and 769 down‐regulated genes are identified in the old group. A functional analysis using Metascape Gene Ontology and Reactome pathways revealed systematic transcriptomic shifts in key skin formation and maintenance markers, alongside a distinct difference in HOX gene families crucial for embryonic development and diverse biological processes. Among the 39 human HOX gene family, ten posterior HOX genes (HOXA10, 11, 13, HOXB13, HOXC11, and HOXD9‐13) are significantly downregulated, and anterior 25 genes (HOXA2‐7, HOXB1‐9, HOXC4‐6 and 8–9, and HOXD1,3,4 and 8) are upregulated, especially in the old HDFs. The study successfully demonstrates the correlation between HOX genes and the skin aging process, providing strong evidence that HOX genes are proposed as a new marker for skin aging assessment.