bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of synergy patterns between the right and left hand while performing postures and object grasps
Authors: Shenoy Prajwal , Gupta Anurag , S.K.M. Varadhan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe human hand, with many degrees of freedom, serves as an excellent tool for dexterous manipulation. Previous research has demonstrated that there exists a lower-dimensional subspace that synergistically controls the full hand kinematics. The elements of this subspace, also called synergies, have been viewed as the strategy developed by the CNS in the control of finger movements. Considering that the control of fingers is lateralized to the contralateral hemisphere, how the synergies differ for the control of the dominant and the non-dominant hand has not been widely addressed. In this paper, hand kinematics was recorded using electromagnetic tracking system sensors as participants made various postures and object grasps with their dominant hand and non-dominant hand separately. Synergies that explain 90% of variance in data of both hands were analyzed for similarity at the individual level as well as at the population level. The results showed no differences in synergies between the hands at both these levels. PC scores and cross-reconstruction errors were analyzed to further support the prevalence of similarity between the synergies of the hands. Future work is proposed, and implications of the results to the treatment and diagnosis of neuromotor disorders are discussed.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) assessment of brain activity before and after electrical stunning in the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)
Authors: Du Plooy K. J. , Swan G. E. , Myburgh J. G. , Zeiler G. E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrical stunning is used to capture crocodiles to perform routine management procedures. It is essential from a welfare point that electrical stunning must cause unconsciousness in animals. However, there is no information of whether or not electrical stunning causes unconsciousness in the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). The purpose of the study was to assess brain activity before and after electrical stunning in crocodiles using a 5-channel referential electroencephalogram analysis to determine consciousness. Behavioural indicators and electroencephalogram recordings of 15 captive-bred crocodiles were captured and analysed using power spectral density analysis immediately before and after stunning and then at 60 s intervals until 5 min post-stunning. A standardised stun of 170 Volts was applied for 5–7 s on the wetted neck. Unconsciousness was defined as a decrease in alpha wave power and increase in delta wave power. Three of the electroencephalograms could not be assessed. Unconsciousness was identified in 6 out of 12 crocodiles and lasted for an average for 120 s. An increase in electroencephalogram waveform amplitude and tonic–clonic seizure-like waveform activity and behaviour indicators were not reliable indicators of unconsciousness. Further research should be focused on improving the efficiency and reliability of electrical stunning.
Collective mechano-response dynamically tunes cell-size distributions in growing bacterial colonies
Authors: Wittmann René , Nguyen G. H. Philipp , Löwen Hartmut , Schwarzendahl Fabian J. , Sengupta Anupam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMechanical stresses stemming from environmental factors are a key determinant of cellular behavior and physiology. Yet, the role of self-induced biomechanical stresses in growing bacterial colonies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate how collective mechanical forcing plays an important role in the dynamics of the cell size of growing bacteria. We observe that the measured elongation rate of well-nourished Escherichia coli cells decreases over time, depending on the free area around each individual, and associate this behavior with the response of the growing cells to mechanical stresses. Via a cell-resolved model accounting for the feedback of collective forces on individual cell growth, we quantify the effect of this mechano-response on the structure and composition of growing bacterial colonies, including the local environment of each cell. Finally, we predict that a mechano-cross-response between competing bacterial strains with distinct growth rates affects their size distributions.
Conformation-Induced stiffening effect of crosslinked polymer thin films
Authors: Zhang Zhengyang , Bai Pei , Xiao Yuhan , Guo Yunlong , Wang Yanming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanoscale polymeric thin films are widely used in diverse modern applications, where a satisfactory mechanical performance is a requirement to their full functionality. The mechanical response of polymer films is strongly affected by the size effects under nanoconfinement; however, the mechanism of such response in terms of molecular configurations and chain conformations has yet to be determined. In this work, we reveal the conformational origin of the stiffening behavior of crosslinked polymeric nanofilms via coarse-grained molecular dynamics and tailored experiments. We find that the biaxial modulus changes follow the alteration of polymer conformations, decoupled from size and thickness. We propose a theory to quantitatively link the elastic properties of the polymers to the distribution of their chain end-to-end distances, predicting a stiffening effect on uncoiled chains. Finally, we use such insight to obtain several PDMS nano-films of the same thickness but with a variability of two orders of magnitudes in their moduli.
Supramolecular pyrrole radical cations for bacterial theranostics
Authors: Han Yue , Li Jing , Zheng Lihua , Chen Yunhua , Yang Yan , Liu Kai , Zhang Yiyue , Gao Meng 
Published: November 2023

The deep-red fluorescent P˙+–CB[7] have multiple functions for bacterial theranostics, including selective imaging and killing of Gram-positive bacteria, imaging of dead Gram-negative bacteria, and in vivo monitoring of phagocytosis of bacteria.
Linking Language Skills and Social Competence in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wieczorek Karolina , DeGroot Megan , Madigan Sheri , Pador Paolo , Ganshorn Heather , Graham Susan 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between language skills and social competence in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and to assess the potential moderators of these associations.

Method:
The study was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were identified according to a search strategy carried out in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. A total of 15,069 articles were independently double screened in the title and abstract phases, with 250 articles proceeding to a full-text review. Inclusion criteria comprised (a) a sample of children with DLD between the ages of 2 and 12 years, (b) a language measure, (c) a social competence measure, and (d) an appropriate statistic. Exclusion criteria were (a) intervention studies with no baseline data, (b) language measures based on preverbal abilities, (c) samples of children with DLD and other clinical conditions, and (d) studies without useable statistics. Data were extracted from 21 studies that met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis.

Results:

Pooled estimates across 21 studies (
M
age
= 7.52 years; 64% male) and 6,830 children indicated a significant association between language skills and social competence in children with DLD (
r
= .18, 95% confidence interval [.12, .24],
p
< .001), which was small in magnitude. The effect sizes were stronger in studies that assessed overall language skills than in those that specifically measured receptive or expressive language skills.

Conclusions:
Findings from this study support a subtle and reliable relationship between language and social competence in children with DLD. The implications and limitations of this study and its future directions are also discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24514564
Der Aufbruch generativer KI in der Medizin: Empathie durch Emulation
Authors: Amr Ali , Meder Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungRasche Fortschritte in der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf
mehrere Sektoren unserer Gesellschaft, einschließlich des Gesundheitswesens. Während die
konventionelle KI hauptsächlich bei der Lösung von Aufgaben im Bereich der Bilderkennung
erfolgreich war und somit in gut definierten Situationen wie der Unterstützung von
diagnostischer Bildgebung eine Rolle spielt, wirkt sich das Aufkommen von generativer KI auf
eine der Hauptkompetenzen im professionellen Bereich aus: die
Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion.Eine Konvergenz von Natural Language Processing (NLP) und generativer KI zeigt sich in
intelligenten Chatbots wie ChatGPT. Eine erste Studie, welche die Empathie und die Qualität
der Antworten zwischen ChatGPT und menschlichen Ärzten im Gesundheitswesen verglichen hat,
konnte zeigen, dass ChatGPT menschliche Ärzte sowohl in der Qualität als auch in der Empathie
der Antworten auf medizinische Fragen übertreffen kann. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass
generative KI-Modelle wie ChatGPT wertvolle Ergänzungen für die medizinische Beratung sein
können und somit die Patientenbindung möglicherweise verbessern und die Arbeitsbelastung von
Ärztinnen und Ärzten reduzieren könnten.
Öffentlich-rechtliche Zwangseinweisungen in eine
psychiatrische Versorgungsklinik – Eine retrospektive
Untersuchung
Authors: Jäger Markus , Klimczyk Johannes 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Es soll ein empirischer Überblick über die
Praxis von psychiatrischen Zwangseinweisungen gegeben werden.
Methodik Anhand der Krankenakten erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung
von 346 Fällen mit einer Zwangseinweisung auf
öffentlich-rechtlicher Grundlage im Jahre 2020 (21,0% aller
vollstationären Aufnahmen in diesem Zeitraum).
Ergebnisse Der häufigste Grund für eine Zwangseinweisung
war eine Suizidankündigung (45,4%). Diagnostisch standen
Suchterkrankungen (30,1%), Belastungsstörungen (19,9%)
und schizophrene Psychosen (18,8%) im Vordergrund. In nur 12,7%
der Fälle führte die Zwangseinweisung zu einer
anschließenden richterlichen Unterbringung, in 44,5% kam es zu
einer Entlassung innerhalb von 24 Stunden.
Schlussfolgerung Zwangseinweisungen stellen häufig eine
fürsorgliche Maßnahme dar, um auf suizidale Krisen zu reagieren.
Es bleibt abzuwarten, ob die Etablierung von alternativen Hilfsmodellen wie
psychosozialer Krisendienste die Anzahl von Zwangseinweisungen verringern
kann.
Seizure Control Outcomes following Resection of Cortical Dysplasia in Patients with DEPDC5 Variants: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis
Authors: McGinley Christopher , Teti Saige , Hofmann Katherine , Schreiber John M. , Cohen Nathan T. , Gaillard William D. , Oluigbo Chima O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy of epilepsy surgery in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy and coexistent DEPDC5 (dishevelled EGL-10 and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 5) pathogenic (P), likely pathogenic (LP), or variance of unknown significance (VUS) variants. To conduct a systematic review on the literature regarding the use and efficacy of epilepsy surgery as an intervention for patients with DEPDC5 variants who have pharmacoresistant epilepsy. A systematic review of the current literature published regarding the outcomes of epilepsy surgery for patients with DEPDC5 variants was conducted. Demographics and individual patient data were recorded and analyzed. Subsequent statistical analysis was performed to assess significance of the findings. A total of eight articles comprising 44 DEPDC5 patients with genetic variants undergoing surgery were included in this study. The articles primarily originated in high-income countries (5/8, 62.5%). The average age of the subjects was 10.06 ± 9.41 years old at the time of study. The most common form of epilepsy surgery was focal resection (38/44, 86.4%). Thirty-seven of the 40 patients (37/40, 92.5%) with reported seizure frequency results had improvement. Twenty-nine out of 38 patients (29/38, 78.4%) undergoing focal resection achieved Engel Score I postoperatively, and two out of four patients achieved International League Against Epilepsy I (50%). Epilepsy surgery is effective in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy and coexistent DEPDC5 P, LP, or VUS variants.
Pediatric Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma with Neoplastic Meningitis: A Case Report with Cytopathological Evidence with Literature Review
Authors: Karanth K. S. Vishwakumar , Bhattacharjee Suchanda , Reddy Ramanadha , Uppin Megha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) was regarded as grade II tumor and considered to be associated with favorable outcome. The World Health Organization Central Nervous System 5 (WHO CNS5) has classified PXA under circumscribed astrocytic gliomas and graded 2 or 3 depending on histology. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leptomeningeal spread are observed rarely in these tumors. The present case report describes a PXA, grade 3 tumor in a young male with neoplastic meningitis. This 17-year-old male child presented with history of seizure, signs of raised intracranial pressure, and meningeal irritation. Well-defined, T2 heterogeneously hyperintense lesion (5.5*4.8 cm) was seen in right frontal lobe with mild heterogenous contrast enhancement and adjacent pachy-meningeal enhancement. Right frontal craniotomy and near total excision were done. Postoperative hydrocephalus was treated with CSF diversion. Histopathology showed epithelioid and rhabdoid morphology with significant cellular pleomorphism and atypical mitosis consistent with the PXA, grade 3. The CSF cytology showed numerous tumor cells with marked nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism. PXA is a rare malignancy of children and young adults, commonly seen in the temporal lobes. BRAF point mutations of V600E type are most common in PXA, grade 2. Meningeal dissemination is uncommon in PXA and its presence marks poor outcome. PXA, grade 2 tumors could be followed with serial imaging following gross total resection. PXA, grade 3 tumors are managed with maximal-safe resection, radiotherapy, and/ or chemotherapy. PXA, grade 3 with CSF spread tends to have rapid decline in the clinical course and it is advisable to get routine baseline and follow-up craniospinal screening and needs aggressive management.
Role of Pancreatic Attenuation Index in Assessing Pancreatic Fat Content and Postpancreatectomy Outcomes
Authors: Perikinchira Rizwan Ahmed , Rajan Ramesh , P. Bonny Natesan , Gisuthan Bindiya , Jayasree L. , K.S Swasthik , Subramanian Santhoshkumar , Antony Agestino V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background High fat content of pancreas can contribute to its soft texture, which is a strong predictor for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). We propose to assess the relationship of pancreatic computed tomography (CT) attenuation index (PAI) with histopathological fat content of pancreas and postpancreatectomy outcomes.
Methodology Data was collected prospectively from patients who underwent pancreatic resections from February 2021 to January 2023. CT attenuation was measured in pancreas and spleen in three regions of interest each. The mean of the three values was taken as the mean pancreatic attenuation (P) and splenic attenuation(S). PAI was calculated (P-S and P/S) preoperatively. The fat content was calculated histologically in resected specimens. The pancreatic texture was also assessed intraoperatively by the operating surgeon to classify it as soft or firm. The relationship of PAI with fat content and postpancreatectomy outcomes such as delayed gastric emptying (DGE), postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) and POPF was assessed.
Results Seventy patients underwent pancreatic resections of which 59 were taken for analysis after satisfying the exclusion criteria. The PAI ranged from P-S (-23 to +19) and P/S (0.54–1.5). The histologic fat content of pancreas ranged from 0.4 to 42% (mean= 9.5076/standard deviation: 9.19520). Significant correlation was found between P-S and P/S (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = –0.775[95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.919 to –0.583], –0.743[95% CI: –0.896 to –0.467]) with pancreatic fat content. Postpancreatectomy outcomes noted were POPF(B/C):13, DGE:33, and PPH:3. Statistical significance was not seen between PAI and postpancreatectomy outcomes (POPF, p = 0.067 DGE; p = 0.456; PPH, p = 0.891).
Conclusion PAI may be used as a reliable tool in predicting pancreatic fat content. However, it did not show a statistically significant association in predicting postpancreatectomy outcomes.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Parameters in Normal Subjects above 40 Years of Age
Authors: Rohilla Seema , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Ishwar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is altered in many conditions like normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), aqueduct stenosis, or Chiari malformation. It is very important to know the normal CSF flow parameters for properly diagnosing these conditions. No data on CSF flow parameters of the Indian population are available. Hence, this study was undertaken to generate normative CSF flow parameters in the Indian population.
Aim Our aim was to estimate normal CSF flow parameters across the cerebral aqueduct in Indian subjects over 40 years of age.
Settings and Design This observational study was done in the tertiary care institute on subjects undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for indications like headache and having normal MRI.
Methods Phase-contrast quantitative flow sequence was done in 100 subjects perpendicular to the cerebral aqueduct on 3.0T MRI (Discovery 750w with GEM suit, GE, Milwaukee, WI, United States) using a dedicated 32-channel head coil with 10 cm/s velocity encoding. The region of interest was kept at the cerebral aqueduct in cross-section. The inbuilt software calculated flow-time and velocity-time graphs and calculated peak systolic velocity (PSV), peak diastolic velocity (PDV), systolic flow (SF), and diastolic flow (DF). Stroke volume (SV) was calculated by averaging systolic and DFs. p-Value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results Mean age was 53.72 ± 10.53 (40–78) years with 41 males and 59 females. PSV, PDV, SF, DF, and SV all showed a significant linear correlation with age with p-values of 0.001, 0.004, 0.009, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively. Only PDV (p = 0.035) and DF (p = 0.045) varied significantly with sex, values being higher in males.
Conclusion All five CSF flow parameters studied vary positively with age, and this variation is linear. Normal decadal median values calculated for these parameters can act as baseline values for the local population and help in defining conditions like NPH.
The Varieties of Ignorance: Imaging of Congenital Variants of Pancreas and Its Ductal System—A Pictorial Review
Authors: Sharma Shaurya , Sureka Binit , Yadav Taruna , Panda Ananya , Khera Pushpinder Singh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCongenital variants of the pancreas are being increasingly detected with the widespread use of modern imaging techniques. The underlying embryologic aberration predicts the final appearance of pancreatic development. It is essential to recognize these congenital variants, as many of these have been proven to be associated with pancreatic diseases like recurrent pancreatitis and chronic abdominal pain. Cross-sectional techniques like multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography are the most used imaging techniques for the pancreas, where a radiologist comes across these variants. This pictorial aims to classify the type of variant anatomy of the pancreas, their imaging appearances, and their clinical significance.
Augmentation and translation crowdsourcing
Authors: Jiménez-Crespo Miguel A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper critically discusses how crowdsourcing relate to the emergence of the so-calledtranslation augmentationparadigm. As a broad generalization, these two technology-driven phenomena emerged as possible solutions to achieve better, more efficient or speedier solutions to complex problems than those that single individuals can solve on their own. They both can be contextualized within 4EA approaches to cognition, reframing problem-solving towards a distributed and extended perspective that goes beyond the limitations of the individual mind. Nevertheless,augmented translationrefers to the coupling of human and machines in a technology-centric approach that attempts to increase the cognitive capabilities of translators, who remain in the loop and in charge (Lommel 2020;Angelone 2023). It relates to existing technological integrated systems beyond just the automation brought by TM and MT that learn and adapt from humans. The paper (1) interrelates distributed and extended cognitive approaches and crowdsourcing (Risku, Pein-Weber & Rogl 2016;Jiménez-Crespo 2017; Risku & Windhager 2020) in relation to AI and intelligence augmentation (IA), (2) analyzes the existing fuzziness in the theoretical and conceptual constructs totranslation augmentation, (3) explores issues related to the locus of control and the center of the cognitive system inaugmentedcrowdsourcing, as well as (4) looks ahead by introducing unexplored areas such associal augmentation. In doing so, the paper will attempt to answer whether human translators in crowdsourcing initiatives are, in fact, “in charge” and – oraugmented.
Human Behaviour in Veterinary Care
Authors: MacKay Jill R.D. , Pollock Kristina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The human in veterinary practice is an oft-neglected component of both human and animal welfare. Those in vet practice, including veterinarians, vet nurses, technical staff, and front-of-house staff all have a role to play in ensuring that animals receive the best possible care. How should clinicians approach the cognitive load of decision making in stressful situations, recognise the biases in their decision making, and balance non-technical skills alongside highly specialised clinical skills to support animal health? Veterinary work requires effective communication across diverse teams in stressful situations, and good animal care necessitates an understanding of human factors in the veterinary practice. Even after care has concluded, veterinarians need to recognise the impact that human behaviour has on supporting animal welfare. We describe how human behaviour impacts veterinary care, and how veterinarians can utilise up-to-date research on human behaviour such as the Knowledge Deficit Model of communication, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and the 5As Behavioural Change model to improve animal welfare.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Protecting Therapy Animal Welfare and Promoting Thriving in Animal-Assisted Interventions
Authors: Griffin Taylor Chastain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This case is important because the therapy animals that are involved in animal-assisted interventions (AAI) must be protected to not only ensure welfare but also to promote a sense of thriving on the part of the animal. Both the efficacy and the ethicality of the intervention rest on the ability to select therapy animals that do not simply tolerate their role, but that actively exhibit signs of enjoying it. Furthermore, all involved in the intervention must understand how to be the voice of the therapy animal in a way that reflects the animal’s free communication and allows for the expression of preference and consent. Therapy animal handlers, animal behavior experts, and veterinarians are best empowered to advocate for therapy animal welfare by being aware of the considerations, standards of practice, and competencies that protect all involved in the intervention. By working through applied examples of therapy dog Ivy and her handler, the reader becomes better prepared to suggest essential protective measures in AAI.

Information
© The Author 2023