bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Is This Person?
Authors: Cassell Eric J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IT IS GENERALLY believed, with good cause, that individuals are unknow¬ able in their entirety. This must be true for at least two reasons. First, people change constantly. The person we confront at this instant was different a moment ago and will be different a moment hence. The second, related reason is that we can only see one aspect of an individual at any moment. When I look at the front of you I cannot simultaneously see the back of you. If I shift my perspective, I lose my original line of sight.
Introduction
Authors: Bowman Shearer Davis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If We Define an elite as the “most influential and prestigious” group or class in a society, then two of the most formidable landed elites in modern history were the slaveholding planters of the antebellum U.S. South and the Junker estate owners of Prussian East Elbia during roughly the same era. Indeed, midnineteenth-century planters and Junkers constituted perhaps the most powerful regional landed elites in the history of the Western world, though the South and East Elbia had very different geographic environments, ethnic mixes, and political systems. Far from being superfluous rentiers or sycophantic courtiers, the great majority of planters and Junkers combined a considerable aptitude for profitable estate management with a resolute determination to maintain their influence and prestige as landed upper classes. Even so, they often disagreed among themselves about the most appropriate agricultural method, political strategy, or ideological stance. It is not surprising that two such powerful and assertive groups have had no dearth of sentimental apologists who remember little but genteel and noble behavior, or of unremitting critics who see only evidence of oppression and ruthlessness.
Genetic Approaches to Familial Aggregation II. Segregation Analysis
Authors: Khoury Muin J , Beaty Terri H , Cohen Bernice H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mendel first proposed for each phenotype that individuals receive two distinct “factors” from their parents and that these may be different forms (or alleles) of a given gene. He further proposed that these two factors would separate or segregate from one another in the process of forming gametes that determine the genetic makeup of the next generation. The segregation of these alleles in any particular mating type gives rise to fixed ratios of genotypes (and of phenotypes) among offspring. Thus, segregation analysis was originally designed to test whether or not an observed mixture of phenotypes among offspring is compatible with Mendelian inheritance. In medical genetics, classic segregation analysis has focused almost exclusively on estimating the proportion of affected and nonaffected offspring in sibships, and the hypotheses of interest were whether or not this proportion was compatible with the expectations of simple Mendelian models. Over the years, segregation analysis has broadened to encompass fitting more general models of inheritance to pedigrees of arbitrary structure, but the ultimate goal is the same: to test for compatibility with Mendelian expectations by estimating parameters of a given model of inheritance.
Genetic Approaches to Familial Aggregation III. Linkage Analysis
Authors: Khoury Muin J , Beaty Terri H , Cohen Bernice H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linkage analysis has an important role in genetic epidemiology because it identifies a biologic mechanism for transmission of a trait or disease. Classically, the term “linkage” has been used to denote the situation where alleles from two loci segregate together in a family, that is, where they are passed as a single unit from parent to child, thus departing from Mendel’s law of independent assortment. The most obvious biologic explanation for such an observation is that the two loci are physically located near one another on the same chromosome. Elston (1981) argues that demonstrating linkage is the highest level of statistical “proof” that a disease is due to a genetic mechanism. While final proof of genetic control must await identification of the gene product and a biologic explanation for pathogenesis, confirmation of reported linkage in multiple studies can quickly establish genetic transmission of a complex disease. Appropriate knowledge of the position of markers linked to a disease on the genetic or physical map of the human genome automatically uncovers further areas for research at the molecular level. The concept of “reverse genetics” or “positional cloning” requires linked markers to localize and identify genes controlling a disease. On the practical side, clear demonstration of genetic linkage also provides a basis for preventive steps through genetic counseling.
Reviews from the Kentucky Club (1925)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an adjacent eatery Thomas “Fats” Waller understudies. Both lads are deserving of all the available superlatives in the English language, while it is necessary to borrow a few from the Latin to adequately extol the performance of the latter. Sunny [sic] Greer is the third best drum showman in the country, with Vic Berton, of the Roger Wolfe Kahn Orchestra, and Willie Creeger [Creager], now a phonograph arranger, entitled, respectively, to first and sec ond honors. Henry [Bass] Edwards’ tuba is all bent from the heat its owner gives it and “Bub” Miley “kills” ‘em with his trumpet. Fred Guy plays banjo, Charley Irvis trombones, and Otto Hardwick supervises the sax. section. The couvert at the Kentucky is $1.50, which is right for this place. Easily the best of the “kennel clubs” in town.
R. D. Darrell: Criticism in the Phonograph Monthly Review (1927-1931)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Born in Newton, Massachusetts, Robert Donaldson Darrell (1903-1988) began review ing records while attending the New England Conservatory. Over the years he wrote on music for many publications, among them the Music Lovers’ Guide, Saturday Review, and High Fidelity. In 1936 he compiled a pioneering discography, The Gramophone Shop Ency clopedia of Recorded Music (see 30).
Two Early Interviews (1930) 4 Janet Mabie in the Christian Science Monitor Florence Zunser in the New York Evening Graphic
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
His name is Edward Kennedy Ellington. Too heavy and somber a name for a dance-band conductor to tote about with him. But that has been taken care of. Somewhere along the road people began to call him “Duke” and the name has stuck. I shouldn’t wonder if it is connected somehow with what is quite apparently Ellington’s great gift for understanding and his capacity for a very simple kind of friendliness. You would know he had those gifts if you watched him come into the Harlem restaurant [Cotton Club] whence he broadcasts late at night. People take quite appreciable pleasure when he comes in. They smile, and pat their hands together, and say among themselves, “And now we shall hear something.”
The Ellington Orchestra in Cleveland (1931)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A July engagement at the R-K-O Palace in Cleveland, Ohio, prompted three articles by critic Archie Bell in the Cleveland News: a short preview (“Duke Ellington Opens Here Tomorrow,” Saturday, 4 July), a review (“Ellington Orchestra and Singer Make Hit,” Monday, 6 July), and a lengthy feature piece with excerpts from an interview with Ellington (“Duke Ellington’s Orchestra Draws Big Crowds,” Wednesday, 8 July 1931). While the first of these pieces is routine, the latter two show Bell’s unusual receptiveness to Ellington’s art and appear below.
Ellington Crowned “King otJazz” by the Pittsburgh Courier (1931)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the past year or more the name of Duke Ellington has lirtger d upon the lips of radio fans, dance lovers, theatregoers and the amusement public of the Nation in general. The colorful career and sudden rise to fame of this young man reads like fiction, and is beyond doubt a source of inspiration to every striving musician of the race.
A Landmark in Ellington Criticism: R. D. Darrell’s “Black Beauty” (1932)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gilman’s words were applied by him to Loeffler, but they are no less applicable to others who write directly from the heart and sensibilities, and whose works-a small but golden core of the musical repertory-strike home to us with an intensity of feeling, an evocative magic, that is more intimately moving than the great dramatic, passionate, fantastic utterances of music’s Ueber menschen [supermen].
Ellington Defends His Music (1933)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Some people say that my music is uncouth and without form-a weird con glomeration of blatant discords which never has, and never will mean anything at all.” at me with twinkling eyes - “What, may I ask you as a Scotsman, do the same people think about bagpipe music? It is quite as weird, quite as ‘tuneless.’ But it is recognised as the music of a nation, as folk music.”
Helen Oakley (Dance): The Ellington Orchestra at the Apollo (1936)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Duke Ellington opened the Apollo Theatre, Friday, September 11, to a crowded and enthusiastic house. The first big hand from the house went to Duke himself as the composer and arranger of the hits grouped together in the opening number. Opening with Harlem Speaks or East St. Louis Toodle-Oo, the theme, the band mod ulated into Sophisticated Lady, bringing the house down with Lawrence Brown’s brilliant trombone solo. A change of tempo, and Rockin’ in Rhythm introduced the Four Step Brothers, four weaving and interchanging figures, shadowy behind a darkened scrim. A few haunting strains, and the house enthusiastically showed its appreciation of Duke’s number one hit tune, Sol itude. Scarcely had the murmur subsided before the band swung into that early and prophetic Ellington brainchild, It Don’t Mean a Thing If It Ain’t Got That Swing.
“Ellington Refutes Cry That Swing Started Sex Crimes!” (1937)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In refutation to the hue and cry against swing music by Arthur Cremin, of the New York Schools for Music, in which the instructor attributed the recent wave of sex crimes to the current “hot” jazz vogue, Duke Ellington, prominent composer-pianist-bandsman, denounced Cremin’s psychological experiments as being totally unfair and completely lacking in authoritative material.
Program for the First Carnegie Hall Concert (23 January 1943)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The program annotator was Irving Kolodin (1908-1988), who a few years earlier had assisted Benny Goodman with his autobiography, The Kingdom of Swing (1939). At the time on the staff of the New York Sun, Kolodin later served as music critic for the Saturday Review from 1947 to 1982. While generally sympathetic toward Ellington, Kolodin expressed reservations about a composer “who is a band-leader, who appears in vaudeville theatres and makes black label records.” The Ellington-Delius comparison was by now common place (see 28, note 3), but Kolodin stretched it further by claiming that Ellington “greatly respects” the English composer.
Ellington’s Silver Jubilee in Down Beat (1952)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have been asked to list the ten events that seem most memorable to me out of everything that has happened since we originally opened at the Cotton Club.This is a task of considerable magnitude, since we have been fortunate enough to be on the receiving end of a large variety of honors. If I recall certain events and pay tribute to certain beautiful people I may be uncon sciously offending certain other beautiful people. However, I shall search my mind for the ten occasions that stand out as personal memories.
A.J. Bishop: “Duke’s Creole Rhapsody” (1963)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The score for Creole Rhapsody, which was Duke’s first extended composition, was probably completed late in 1930. In January 1931 the band recorded the piece for Brunswick, and in this version it covered two 10-inch 78 rpm sides. The structure of the composition in broad outline is ABABCBA, an outline which is close to the “Sonata Rondo” form of classical music. More specifi cally it was an extension of the form already used by Duke in Misty Morning [1928] (ABABA), with the addition of an extra episode, C.
Albert Murray: from the Hero and the Blues (1973)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Such is the nature as well as the scope, authority and implication of art, and it should be just as obvious that Ellington, who is not only a genius but who after all is no less dedicated to music (and no less accomplished at it) than a Herman Melville or Mark Twain or even a Henry James was to fiction, is likewise no less involved with what T. S. Eliot referred to as the objective correlative or the objective equivalent, to feeling.
Lawrence Gushee: “Duke Ellington 1940“
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These properties, coupled with Ellington’s conscious intent to release, yet focus the individuality, even the eccentricity, of his players, creates a music which is heard as expressive because (ideally) every member of the band is expressive, even when there is no particularly obvious “mes sage,” or when formal games are being played.
Helen Oakley (Dance): “Impressions of Johnny Hodges” (1936)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is amazing that there are many people in the music business to whom the name Johnny Hodges means less than nothing and yet he is one of the out standing instrumentalists to be heard today. Johnny plays second alto in Duke Ellington’s saxophone section, and he is the soloist heard with him so often on recordings and over the air.
Stanley Crouch on Ben Webster (1986)
Authors: Tucker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Compared with other major Ellington reed players-Johnny Hodges, Harry Car ney, Russell Procope, Barney Bigard, Jimmy Hamilton-tenor saxophonist Ben Webster (1909-1973) spent a relatively brief period with the Ellington orchestra: a few stints in 1935-36, and full-time from 1940 to 1943 and again from 1948 to 1949. Yet with his robust sound and formidable improvising skills he made a great impact on Elling ton’s music, launching a tradition of hard-blowing tenors later carried on by such Ellingtoni ans as Al Sears and Paul Gonsalves.
How Lincoln Won the War with Metaphors
Authors: Mcpherson James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an essay on the reasons for Confederate defeat in the Civil War, southern historian David M. Potter made a striking assertion: “If the Union and Confederacy had exchanged presidents with one another, the Confederacy might have won its independence.” Is this rather dramatic conclusion justified? Most historians would probably agree with Potter’s general point that Davis’s shortcomings as a leader played a role in Confederate defeat.
Introduction
Authors: Coiner Constance 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In late April 1975, as Lillian Robinson reports in a review essay titled “The Vietnam Syndrome,” Tillie Olsen read Tell Me a Riddle at the State University of New York at Buffalo. As she and Robinson headed over to the reception after the reading, someone ran up to tell Robinson that the United States had begun the final evacuation of Saigon, and she passed the news on to Olsen. “A few minutes later, when we were gathered around her with our hors d’oeuvres and drinks,” Robinson continues, “she [Olsen] made the announcement. ‘You did this,’ she added portentously to the group of students and young faculty, the kind of people who embodied the antiwar movement. ‘You must never forget that you did this. You must not let them take your history from you, the way they did with my generation, the generation of the thirties”’ (60). Meridel Le Sueur’s life and work has embodied the same declaration— “You must not let them take your history from you” to the working class and unemployed, especially women. In the afterword to The Girl, for example, Le Sueur describes the novel as a “memorial” to working class women of the Depression whose voices she wanted to preserve and says the novel “was really written by them.” This study, a response to Olsen and Le Sueur’s cautionary declaration, contributes to a retrieving and revisioning of the ‘30s American Left1 as well as to efforts to promote working-class writing as a legitimate category of literary analysis.2
Olsen’s Yonnondio: From the Thirties
Authors: Coiner Constance 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yonnondio: From the Thirties, which provides a bridge between Olsen’s writing published in 1934 and her more recent writing, constituted her most important literary effort during the ‘30s. Her promising short story, “The Iron Throat,” became 60 percent of the first chapter, and she completed the first four chapters, or almost half, of the novel before abandoning it in 1937. As in Olsen’s “second period” work, the central theme of Yonnondio is the tension between the human drive to learn, assert, and create and the social forces that obstruct that drive. But varying tendencies coexist uneasily within Yonnondio-some elements adhere to the tenets of proletarian realism while other elements subvert them. These conflicting tendencies hint not only at Olsen’s increasing ambivalence about what I have loosely termed “the Party aesthetic” but also at fundamental problems within the ‘30s CP and orthodox Marxism itself. Before examining the novel, I will describe how the 40-year-old manuscript was retrieved. An explanatory note appended to the novel when it was finally published in 1974 describes the reclamation process. In 1972, while looking through other old papers, Jack Olsen discovered some tattered pages of Yonnondio, long believed lost or destroyed. A thorough search turned up more pages, scraps, and scrawls in yellowed notebooks. Other parts, evidently once in existence, seemed irrevocably lost.
Staffing the Dominion: The School of Social Service Administration, 1903-19 30
Authors: Muncy Robyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1926, a woman long associated with Hull House wrote: “As I look back over the years I have been connected with Hull-House ... I feel that ... I received there from Miss Addams the training and education in social work which is now given at the Schools of Civics and Philanthropy. My instruction, however, did not come from text books or lectures, but from Miss Addams’ teaching and from my personal experience with the many people with whom I came in contact:’
Patriotic Pacifism
Authors: Cooper Sandi E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Peace movements became a part of the national landscapes of British, American, and European politics in the nineteenth century, reaching their peak during the European arms race of 1889–1914. This study examines the history of European peace movements from the end of the Napoleonic wars to the beginning of the First World War, analysing their methods and influence, and examining their ideological underpinnings and internal conflicts.
Pacifism and Internationalism: The Creation of a Transnational Lobby 1889–1914
Authors: Cooper Sandi E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From 1889 to 1914, this “great party” grew to include approximately three thou sand European and North American activists coordinated in over one hundred national and regional peace societies. Most came from the nations between the Ural Mountains and the Rockies; in Japan, Australia, and Argentina a few activ ists organized societies.
During the same years, the generation of peace activists finally created a trans national network. The multiplication of peace societies occurred in nearly every European state (even tsarist Russia in 1910).2 In France, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, national councils were created, some with paid directors. In 1892, peace societies established the International Peace Bureau in Berne to coordinate as unified a position as was possible among groups with widely differing philosophies. Membership surged in 1899–1900, partly in response to the First Hague Peace Conference of 1899 and to the enthusiasm that a new century inspired. Arnaud’s characterization of the movement as a “great party” was not an exaggeration.
The Collapse
Authors: Cooper Sandi E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have spoken of Pacifists and Bellicists but, of course, we are all Pacifists now. Lord Roberts, Lord Charles Beresford, Lord Fisher, Mr. Winston Churchill, the Navy League, the Universal Military Service Leagues, the German Emperor, the editor of the Spectator, all the Chancelleries of Europe alike declare that their one object is the maintenance of peace. Never were such Pacifists.
The German Emperor speaking to his army invariably points out that they stand for the peace of Europe. Does a first Lord want more ships? It is because a strong British Navy is the best guarantee of peace. Lord Roberts wants conscription because that is the only way to preserve peace, and the editor of the Spectator tells us that Turkey’s great crime is that she has not paid enough attention to soldiering and armament, that if only she had been strong, all would have been well. All alike are quite persuaded that indeed the one way to peace is to get more armament.’
The Foundations of Bioethics
Authors: Engelhardt H Tristram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This new, thoroughly recast Second Edition has been acclaimed as “the most important book written since the beginning of that strange project called bioethics” (Stanley Hauerwas, Duke University). Its philosophical exploration of the foundations of secular bioethics has been substantially expanded. The book challenges the values of much of contemporary bioethics and health care policy by confronting their failure to secure the moral norms they seek to apply. The nature of health and disease, the definition of death, the morality of abortion, infanticide, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, germline genetic engineering, triage decisions and distributive justice in health care are all addressed within an integrated reconsideration of bioethics as a whole. New material has been added regarding social justice, health care reform and environmental ethics. The very possibility and meaning of a secular bioethics are re-explored.
The Languages of Medicalization
Authors: Engelhardt H Tristram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Medicine medicalizes reality. It creates a world. It translates sets of problems into its own terms. Medicine molds the ways in which the world of experience takes shape; it conditions reality for us. The difficulties people have are then appreciated as illnesses, diseases, deformities, and medical abnormalities, rather than as innocent vexations, normal pains, or possession by the devil. Medical problems are clusters of phenomena seen as amenable to medical assessment, explanation, and up to a point, alleviation or cure. Here one finds clusters of difficulties often termed diseases, sicknesses, illnesses, deformities, disabilities, and disfigurements, which are beyond the immediate control of the individuals afflicted, and which are presumed to have a basis in physiological, anatomical, or psychological causal matrices. Their sense, significance, and reality are cast in terms of the social and intellectual institutions of medicine. In being seen as medical problems, they are usually characterized as circumstances that deviate from physiological or psychological ideals regarding proper levels of function, freedom from pain, and achievement of expected human form and grace. An ache or pain thus becomes a medical disorder. In addition, since medicine is a social institution, the pains, deformities, and dysfunctions are given a social valence.