bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale creep mechanism of clay through MD modeling with hexagonal particles
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Song Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the creep mechanism of clay at the nanoscale. We conduct the molecular dynamics (MD) modeling of clay samples consisting of hexagonal particles under compression and shear. The MD simulations include oedometer creep, shear creep, direct shear tests, and stress relaxation. The numerical results show that the nanoscale creep mechanism of clay is related to particle rotation, translation, and stacking under different loading conditions. The clay sample under creep shows two types of particle arrangements, that is, the shifted face‐to‐face configuration and the face‐to‐edge configuration. The orientation angle of clay particles is computed to track the rotation of individual particles due to creep. The fabric variation of the clay under creep is characterized by the dihedral angle between the basal particle plane and the x‐y plane and the order parameter. It is found that the factors affecting the microstructure variation of the clay aggregate include stress levels, loading rates, and particle sizes. In the nanoscale shear creep test, the creep process comprises three stages, that is, primary, secondary, and tertiary. The microstructure change during creep depends on the initial alignment of clay particles. The clay creep under a more significant stress level results in a more considerable order parameter and a more orientated clay structure.
A generalization of the Riccati recursion for equality‐constrained linear quadratic optimal control
Authors: Vanroye Lander , De Schutter Joris , Decré Wilm 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a generalization of the well‐known Riccati recursion for solving the discrete‐time equality‐constrained linear quadratic optimal control problem. The recursion can be used to compute problem solutions as well as optimal feedback control policies. Unlike other tailored approaches for this problem class, the proposed method does not require restrictive regularity conditions on the problem. This allows its use in nonlinear optimal control problem solvers that use exact Lagrangian Hessian information. We demonstrate that our approach can be implemented in a highly efficient algorithm that scales linearly with the horizon length. Numerical tests show a significant speed‐up of about one order of magnitude with respect to state‐of‐the‐art general‐purpose sparse linear solvers. Based on the proposed approach, faster nonlinear optimal control problem solvers can be developed that are suitable for more complex applications or for implementations on low‐cost or low‐power computational platforms. The implementation of the proposed algorithm is made available as open‐source software.
Optimization in the reprocessing of recycled polyamide 6 reinforced with 30 wt% Glass Fiber (PA6/GF30) using mixture design
Authors: Haddar Manel , Koubaa Sana , Issaoui Maryam , Frikha Ahmed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the present study, polyamide 6 reinforced with 30 wt% Glass fiber (PA6/GF30) used in automotive industry was reprocessed via injection molding. The virgin and recycled PA6/GF30 samples were characterized by chemical, rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties as a function of the number of processing cycles. After each reprocessing cycle, a decrement in mechanical properties in tensile, bending, and impact strength was revealed for different combination of cycle number (N0 [for the virgin PA6/GF30], N1 [for the first recycled PA6/GF30], N2 [for the second recycled PA6/GF30], and N3 [third recycled PA6/GF30 sample]) in the composite mixture. A simplex‐centroid mixture design (SCMD) was used to evaluate the effect of combiningNi(i=0,1,2)on the mechanical properties of composite samples for optimization. Graphical comparison of experimental results using regression models showed a high degree of correlation. Results revealed that the ternary N0N1N2 blends composite made up of 67.97 wt% N0, 23.13 wt% N1, and 8.89 wt% N2 exhibited the best mechanical properties. Furthermore, a good correlation between the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and tensile test results was observed. Hence, the new reprocessed formulation presents a cost‐effective alternative of virgin PA6/GF30 for different engineering applications.
Comprehensive review of multidimensional biomarkers in the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program for early psychosis identification
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Xu LiHua , Tang XiaoChen , Wei YanYan , Hu YeGang , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPsychosis is recognized as one of the largest contributors to nonfatal health loss, and early identification can largely improve routine clinical activity by predicting the psychotic course and guiding treatment. Clinicians have used the clinical high‐risk for psychosis (CHR) paradigm to better understand the risk factors that contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders. Clinical factors have been widely applied to calculate the individualized risks for conversion to psychosis 1–2 years later. However, there is still a dearth of valid biomarkers to predict psychosis. Biomarkers, in the context of this paper, refer to measurable biological indicators that can provide valuable information about the early identification of individuals at risk for psychosis. The aim of this paper is to critically review studies assessing CHR and suggest possible biomarkers for application of prediction. We summarized the studies on biomarkers derived from the findings of the ShangHai at Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program, including those that are considered to have the most potential. This comprehensive review was conducted based on expert opinions within the SHARP research team, and the selection of studies and results presented in this paper reflects the collective expertise of the team in the field of early psychosis identification. The three dimensions with potential candidates include neuroimaging dimension of brain structure and function, electrophysiological dimension of event‐related potentials (ERPs), and immune dimension of inflammatory cytokines and complement proteins, which proved to be useful in supporting the prediction of psychosis from the CHR state. We suggest that these three dimensions could be useful as risk biomarkers for treatment optimization. In the future, when available for the integration of multiple dimensions, clinicians may be able to obtain a comprehensive report with detailed information of psychosis risk and specific indications about preferred prevention.
CBSX2 is required for the efficient oxidation of chloroplast redox‐regulated enzymes in darkness
Authors: Li Yonghong , Zhang Lin , Shen Yurou , Peng Lianwei , Gao Fudan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThiol/disulfide‐based redox regulation in plant chloroplasts is essential for controlling the activity of target proteins in response to light signals. One of the examples of such a role in chloroplasts is the activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase (CFoCF1), which is regulated by the redox state of the CF1γ subunit and involves two cysteines in its central domain. To investigate the mechanism underlying the oxidation of CF1γ and other chloroplast redox‐regulated enzymes in the dark, we characterized the Arabidopsis cbsx2 mutant, which was isolated based on its altered NPQ (non‐photochemical quenching) induction upon illumination. Whereas in dark‐adapted WT plants CF1γ was completely oxidized, a small amount of CF1γ remained in the reduced state in cbsx2 under the same conditions. In this mutant, reduction of CF1γ was not affected in the light, but its oxidation was less efficient during a transition from light to darkness. The redox states of the Calvin cycle enzymes FBPase and SBPase in cbsx2 were similar to those of CF1γ during light/dark transitions. Affinity purification and subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry showed that the components of the ferredoxin‐thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin (FTR‐Trx) and NADPH‐dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) systems as well as several 2‐Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) can be co‐purified with CBSX2. In addition to the thioredoxins, yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that CBSX2 also interacts with NTRC. Taken together, our results suggest that CBSX2 participates in the oxidation of the chloroplast redox‐regulated enzymes in darkness, probably through regulation of the activity of chloroplast redox systems in vivo.
Multidisciplinary collaborative consensus statement on the barriers and solutions to care access, patient and caregiver support, and clinical capacity and capability for patients with spasticity
Authors: Patel Atul , Gellhorn Alfred , Neerukonda Kavitha , Kwasnica Christina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that patients with spasticity are not receiving adequate care. Identifying the unmet needs of patients with spasticity is essential to develop services and treatment strategies to better support this population This is an effort to identify challenges related to treatment of spasticity and provide the springboard for the implementation of identified solutions.ObjectiveTo identify the main barriers to spasticity care and identify potential solutions.DesignDelphi process.SettingExpert panel.ParticipantsA total of 35 participants with diverse experience and knowledge related to spasticity care were invited and 29 attended an in‐person 2022 Spasticity Summit hosted by the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.MethodsThe expert panel participated in a presummit survey to identify the main potential barriers to spasticity care. During the in‐person meeting the panel initially worked in small groups and then as whole to reach consensus through the Delphi process. The panel also completed a postsummit survey.ResultsSeveral barriers to spasticity care and potentials solutions were identified. Consensus was reached for the top three barriers and potential solutions (>50% and >75%, respectively). Top barriers included the need for a document listing all the challenges related to access of care for spasticity, increased caregiver and community awareness of spasticity, and education of clinicians regarding patient needs. Top solutions to barriers included increasing the number of providers who treat spasticity, enhancing patient and caregiver education, and developing and publishing a consensus guidance statement.ConclusionsConsensus was achieved on the top three barriers to spasticity care and potential solutions. The purpose of this analysis is to pave the way for further development of solutions to improve the care of patients with spasticity.
Accelerating sexual maturation of male Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit flies by adding two juvenile hormone analogues
Authors: Arredondo José , Aguirre‐Medina Juan F , Meza‐Hernández José S , Cancino Jorge , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDImproving the mating competitiveness and survival of sterile males are direct means to increase the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique (SIT). Some insecticide growth regulators, such as the juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) methoprene, have been used to improve the mating competitiveness of male tephritid flies by reducing their sexual maturation period. However, the application of methoprene reduces fly resistance to stress and decreases survival. Here, we compared the effects of methoprene and pyriproxyfen (PPF), another JHA, in Anastrepha ludens males. PPF is an insect growth regulator that exhibits higher negative effects on the larval molting process than methoprene or natural juvenile hormone. Both compounds were administered at two doses (0.05% and 0.10%) via the male diet immediately after emergence.RESULTSOur results show that both PPF and methoprene reduced male sexual maturation. However, PPF‐treated males exhibited a shorter maturation period and obtained more matings at a given age than methoprene‐treated males. No significant differences were observed between the two PPF doses tested (0.05% and 0.10%). Male survival was equally reduced by the two compounds.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that PPF accelerated sexual development without reducing the mating propensity of sterile male flies and can be used as a suitable alternative for methoprene. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Non‐singular terminal sliding mode controller design for nonlinear systems with prescribed convergence time guarantees
Authors: Shi Shang , Dai Liaoxuan , Min Huifang , Hu Yinlong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the prescribed‐time non‐singular terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) for nonlinear systems with uncertainties bounded by non‐negative functions. At first, a new Lyapunov theorem for prescribed‐time stability is introduced. Then, a novel terminal sliding surface together with a non‐singular TSMC input is constructed by using a time‐varying scaling function. Strict analysis shows that the proposed controller is able to ensure the exact reaching of the sliding surface as well as the system states to zero in a prescribed time independent of the system initial conditions. Moreover, all the state signals and the control input remain uniformly bounded. Finally, simulation comparison with the existing fixed‐ and prescribed‐time TSMC is given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
A study on HyFRCC consisting of PE and carbon fiber: Investigation of electrical and fracture properties based on orthogonal design
Authors: Zhu Ji‐Hua , Shen Haowei , Wei Liangliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHybrid fiber‐reinforced cementitious composites (HyFRCC) consisting of polyethylene (PE) and carbon fiber (CF) have potential for use in advanced composite materials by integrating high mechanical performance with smart functions based on electrical properties. However, an evaluation of the electrical and fracture properties of HyFRCC has not yet been reported. An orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate the effect of the water‐to‐binder (w/b) ratio and volume fraction of PE and carbon fiber on the electrical properties and fracture behavior of HyFRCC in this paper. The results show that the w/b ratio plays a major role in controlling the electrical resistivity of HyFRCC. The larger the amount of hybrid fibers added, the higher the w/b ratio needed. In particular, the PE fiber must not exceed 1.5 vol% to obtain HyFRCC with low electrical resistivity. Carbon fiber has a significant effect on the initial fracture toughness of HyFRCC, while PE fiber determines its unstable fracture toughness. A hybrid fiber system containing 1.0 vol% PE fiber and 0.5 vol% carbon fiber at a w/b ratio of 0.35 was used to reach a compatible electrical property and fracture behavior of HyFRCC. The results of this work provide a novel approach for designing and developing multifunctional cementitious composites, which would be a promising building material for structural strengthening and protection of steel corrosion as well as structural health monitoring.
Bioprospecting and Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from the History of Paclitaxel
Authors: Frisvold George B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlants and other organisms remain an important source of new medicines, either directly or as sources of molecular building blocks or information for drug development. Bioprospecting contracts between pharmaceutical companies and species-rich source countries have been touted as a way for developing countries to capture greater gains from their genetic resources and to increase their incentives to preserve their biodiversity. This case study of the discovery and commercial development of the anticancer drug paclitaxel from the Pacific yew tree highlights neglected issues in debates over bioprospecting and conservation incentives. Paclitaxel’s discovery, commercialization, and resource use illustrate how bioprospecting can substitute one biodiversity threat (habitat conversion, when genetic resources are not valued) for another threat (overharvesting, when they are valued). Whether creation of market demand for genetic resources encourages or discourages biodiversity conservation depends crucially on underlying property rights and management regimes for common property resources.
Integrated Management of Bark Beetles: Economic Contributions of Peter Berck and Foundational Entomological Research
Authors: Wood David L. , McPherson Brice A. , Templeton Scott R. , Gillette Nancy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae,Scolytinae) are a major threat to coniferous forests across much of the northern hemisphere, especially in a warmer and drier climate (Fettig et al., 2013). Control of bark beetle outbreaks to protect forests has been a recurring quest for more than a century, with varying success. In the 1970s and 1980s, considerable efforts were directed toward resolving controversies over the application of persistent pesticides as the principal method to manage outbreaks. Advances in research on pheromones of bark beetles and other behavioral compounds during these decades were incorporated into more ecologically benign approaches to managing stands. What emerged was integrated pest management. “Integrated pest management is a process of synthesis where all aspects of the pest-host system are studied and evaluated to provide the resource manager with an information base for decision-making. These aspects include the ecological and socioeconomic components of the system, its interrelations with other resources, treatment tactics to be used, and their effects on the pest and other components of the ecosystem. Evaluation of the decisions implemented is the end of the process and the beginning of a new one, refining the various components of the system to improve the decision support base for future decisions” (Stark & Waters, 1985, pp. 50–52).
Rush Hour in a National Park—Mobile Encounters in a Peripheral Tourism Landscape
Authors: Nousiainen Minna , Rantala Outi , Tuulentie Seija 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRemote places are often portrayed as marginal, immobile and static. However, these places are also shaped by various mobility practices which are intertwined in the landscape. In this chapter, we focus on shifting place mobilities through the concept of freedom to roam (allemansrätten, everyone’s rights) and explore the ways in which it turns into moral aspects of landscape practices and questions of ownership. We approach mobilities from the perspective of relational ontology and investigate how the different types of interconnected local and global mobilities transform into becoming in a landscape. Here, we apply Ingold’s ideas about landscape as a process of temporalities, various movements and mobilities that are continually unfolding and changing. The plurality of ways locals encounter tourism in the landscape of Posio in south-east Lapland, Finland, becomes illustrated through the destinization and commodification of the landscape, changes taking place in the physical landscape and in the embodied ways of using the landscape, as well as in the context of ownership issues related to the landscape. These diverse becomings demonstrate how the seemingly marginalised local mobility practices and local ownership in the landscape are affected by the abruptly increased recreational mobility.
Korpus und Annotation
Authors: Wan Shujun 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungEine wesentliche Grundlage für die Untersuchung der Argumentationsstrategien von chinesischen Deutschlerner/-innen und der von deutschen L1-Sprecher/-innen ist die Aufbereitung von sich für die Forschungsansätze eignenden Korpusdaten. Bei der Auseinandersetzung mit unterschiedlichen konzeptuellen Modellen zur Beschreibung der Argumentationsstrategie in Abschnitt 2.1.2 wurde festlegt, die RST als Framework für die Datenanalyse einzusetzen. Ausgehend davon werden in diesem Kapitel drei Fragestellungen diskutiert und beantwortet: a) Welches Korpus wird für die Studie verwendet? b) Wie wurden die Korpusdaten mit der RST annotiert? c) Wo lässt sich auf die annotierten Korpusdaten zugreifen?
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Wan Shujun 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungAls das letzte Kapitel der gesamten Dissertation besteht Kapitel 7 inhaltlich aus zwei Teilen: Abschnitt 7.1 fasst die wesentlichen Forschungsergebnisse dieser Studie zusammen. In Abschnitt 7.2 werden anschließend die unvermeidlichen Beschränkungen und weiterhin offene Fragen für zukünftige Forschungen dargestellt.
O-GlcNAc modification of GSDMD attenuates LPS-induced endothelial cells pyroptosis
Authors: Yu Fan , Zhang Zhen , Leng Yiping , Chen Alex F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) stimulation has been reported to protect against sepsis associated mortality and cardiovascular derangement. Previous studies, including our own research, have indicated that gasdermin-D(GSDMD)-mediated endothelial cells pyroptosis contributes to sepsis-associated endothelial injury. This study explored the functions and mechanisms of O-GlcNAc modification on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyroptosis and its effects on the function of GSDMD.

Methods
A LPS-induced septic mouse model administrated with O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor thiamet-G (TMG) was used to assess the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on sepsis-associated vascular dysfunction and pyroptosis. We conducted experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by challenging them with LPS and TMG to investigate the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on endothelial cell pyroptosis and implications of GSDMD. Additionally, we identified potential O-GlcNAcylation sites in GSDMD by utilizing four public O-GlcNAcylation site prediction database, and these sites were ultimately established through gene mutation.

Results
Septic mice with increased O-GlcNAc stimulation exhibited reduced endothelial injury, GSDMD cleavage (a marker of pyroptosis). O-GlcNAc modification of GSDMD mitigates LPS-induced pyroptosis in endothelial cells by preventing its interaction with caspase-11 (a human homologous of caspases-4/5). We also identified GSDMD Serine 338 (S338) as a novel site of O-GlcNAc modification, leading to decreased association with caspases-4 in HEK293T cells.

Conclusions
Our findings identified a novel post-translational modification of GSDMD and elucidated the O-GlcNAcylation of GSDMD inhibits LPS-induced endothelial injury, suggesting that O-GlcNAc modification-based treatments could serve as potential interventions for sepsis-associated vascular endothelial injury.
A Method for Finding Exact Solutions to the 2D and 3D Euler–Boussinesq Equations in Lagrangian Coordinates
Authors: Saleva Tomi , Tuomela Jukka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the Boussinesq approximation for the incompressible Euler equations using Lagrangian description. The conditions for the Lagrangian fluid map are derived in this setting, and a general method is presented to find exact fluid flows in both the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional case. There is a vast amount of solutions obtainable with this method and we can only showcase a handful of interesting examples here, including a Gerstner type solution to the two-dimensional Euler–Boussinesq equations. In two earlier papers we used the same method to find exact Lagrangian solutions to the homogeneous Euler equations, and this paper serves as an example of how these same ideas can be extended to provide solutions also to related, more involved models.