bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Values in the 6-Minute Walk Test in Chilean Children Aged 3–10 Years and Relationship With Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Latorre Román Pedro A. , Salazar Cristian Martínez , Montilla Juan A. Párraga , Cabrera-Linares José Carlos , Andrade-Lara Karina E. , Fuentes Alejandro Robles , Silva José Miguel Espinoza 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of healthy Chilean children aged 3–10 years in the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and cardiometabolic risk variables and to determine sex- and age-specific reference values. Methods: This study involved 1165 healthy children (age = 6.36 [1.70] y old). The 6MWT was used to evaluate exercise performance. Furthermore, anthropometric measures were collected, like weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, and skin folds. Resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were also evaluated. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.0% and 25.4% in preschoolers and 29.0% and 36.2% in school-age children, respectively, showing significant differences (P < .05) between age groups. The distance walked (6-min walk distance) increased significantly year on year at ages from 3 to 10 years. According to the regression analysis, 6MWT performance was positively related to age, systolic BP, and height, whereas it was negatively related to ∑4 skinfold fat, resting heart rate, diastolic BP, and waist circumference. Conclusions: This study provides a reference equation and an age- and sex-adjusted percentile curve to assess the predicted 6MWT performance in a cohort of prepubertal Chilean children. The 6-minute walk distance depends mainly on age; however, other variables, such as resting heart rate, BP, skinfold fat, and waist circumference, add significant information and should be taken into account.
Widespread dissolved inorganic carbon-modifying toolkits in genomes of autotrophic
Bacteria
and
Archaea
and how they are likely to bridge supply from the environment to demand by autotrophic pathways
Authors: Scott Kathleen M. , Payne Ren R. , Gahramanova Arin 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Using dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as a major carbon source, as autotrophs do, is complicated by the bedeviling nature of this substance. Autotrophs using the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBB) are known to make use of a toolkit comprised of DIC transporters and carbonic anhydrase enzymes (CA) to facilitate DIC fixation. This minireview provides a brief overview of the current understanding of how toolkit function facilitates DIC fixation in
Cyanobacteria
and some
Proteobacteria
using the CBB and continues with a survey of the DIC toolkit gene presence in organisms using different versions of the CBB and other autotrophic pathways (reductive citric acid cycle, Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, hydroxypropionate bicycle, hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle). The potential function of toolkit gene products in these organisms is discussed in terms of CO
2
and HCO
3
−
supply from the environment and demand by the autotrophic pathway. The presence of DIC toolkit genes in autotrophic organisms beyond those using the CBB suggests the relevance of DIC metabolism to these organisms and provides a basis for better engineering of these organisms for industrial and agricultural purposes.
Mast cell-derived IL-10 protects intestinal barrier integrity during malaria in mice and regulates parasite transmission to
Anopheles stephensi
with a female-biased immune response
Authors: Céspedes Nora , Donnelly Erinn L. , Hansten Gretchen , Fellows Abigail M. , Dobson Megan , Kaylor Hannah L. , Coles Taylor A. , Schauer Joseph , Van de Water Judy , Luckhart Shirley 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Malaria is strongly predisposed to bacteremia, which is associated with increased gastrointestinal permeability and a poor clinical prognosis. We previously identified mast cells (MCs) as mediators of intestinal permeability in malaria and described multiple cytokines that rise with parasitemia, including interleukin (IL)-10, which could protect the host from an inflammatory response and alter parasite transmission to
Anopheles
mosquitoes. Here, we used the Cre-loxP system and non-lethal
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii
17XNL to study the roles of MC-derived IL-10 in malaria immunity and transmission. Our data suggest a sex-biased and local inflammatory response mediated by MC-derived IL-10, supported by early increased number and activation of MCs in females relative to males. Increased parasitemia in female MC IL-10 (−) mice was associated with increased ileal levels of chemokines and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO). We also observed increased intestinal permeability in female and male MC IL-10 (−) mice relative to MC IL-10 (+) mice but no differences in blood bacterial 16S DNA levels. Transmission success of
P. yoelii
to
A. stephensi
was higher in female relative to male mice and from female and male MC IL-10 (−) mice relative to MC IL-10 (+) mice. These patterns were associated with increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in female MC IL-10 (−) mice and increased plasma levels of chemokines and markers of neutrophil activation in male MC IL-10 (−) mice. Overall, these data suggest that MC-derived IL-10 protects intestinal barrier integrity, regulates parasite transmission, and controls local and systemic host immune responses during malaria, with a female bias.
SARS-CoV-2 spike-FLIPr fusion protein plus lipidated FLIPr protects against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Shu , Hsu Chia-Wei , Liao Hung-Chun , Lin Chang-Ling , Chiang Chen-Yi , Chen Mei-Yu , Liu Shih-Jen , Liao Ching-Len , Chen Hsin-Wei 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Vaccine-induced mucosal immunity and broad protective capacity against various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remain inadequate. Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr), produced by
Staphylococcus aureus
, can bind to various Fcγ receptor subclasses. Recombinant lipidated FLIPr (rLF) was previously found to be an effective adjuvant. In this study, we developed a vaccine candidate, the recombinant Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike (rDS)-FLIPr fusion protein (rDS-F), which employs the property of FLIPr binding to various Fcγ receptors. Our study shows that rDS-F plus rLF promotes rDS capture by dendritic cells. Intranasal vaccination of mice with rDS-F plus rLF increases persistent systemic and mucosal antibody responses and CD4/CD8 T-cell responses. Importantly, antibodies induced by rDS-F plus rLF vaccination neutralize Delta, Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, and Omicron strains. Additionally, rDS-F plus rLF provides protective effects against various SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters by reducing inflammation and viral loads in the lung. Therefore, rDS-F plus rLF is a potential vaccine candidate to induce broad protective responses against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.

IMPORTANCE
Mucosal immunity is vital for combating pathogens, especially in the context of respiratory diseases like COVID-19. Despite this, most approved vaccines are administered via injection, providing systemic but limited mucosal protection. Developing vaccines that stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity to address future coronavirus mutations is a growing trend. However, eliciting strong mucosal immune responses without adjuvants remains a challenge. In our study, we have demonstrated that using a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike-formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr) fusion protein as an antigen, in combination with recombinant lipidated FLIPr as an effective adjuvant, induced simultaneous systemic and mucosal immune responses through intranasal immunization in mice and hamster models. This approach offered protection against various SARS-CoV-2 strains, making it a promising vaccine candidate for broad protection. This finding is pivotal for future broad-spectrum vaccine development.
SHIV-C109p5 NHP induces rapid disease progression in elderly macaques with extensive GI viral replication
Authors: Bose Deepanwita , Deb Adhikary Nihar , Xiao Peng , Rogers Kenneth A. , Ferrell Douglas E. , Cheng-Mayer Cecilia , Chang Theresa L. , Villinger Francois 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

CCR5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) with clade C transmitted/founder envelopes represent a critical tool for the investigation of HIV experimental vaccines and microbicides in nonhuman primates, although many such isolates lead to spontaneous viral control post infection. Here, we generated a high-titer stock of pathogenic SHIV-C109p5 by serial passage in two rhesus macaques (RM) and tested its virulence in aged monkeys. The co-receptor usage was confirmed before infecting five geriatric rhesus macaques (four female and one male). Plasma viral loads were monitored by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), cytokines by multiplex analysis, and biomarkers of gastrointestinal damage by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies and cell-mediated responses were also measured. Viral dissemination into tissues was determined by RNAscope. Intravenous SHIV-C109p5 infection of aged RMs leads to high plasma viremia and rapid disease progression; rapid decrease in CD4
+
T cells, CD4
+
CD8
+
T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells; and wasting necessitating euthanasia between 3 and 12 weeks post infection. Virus-specific cellular immune responses were detected only in the two monkeys that survived 4 weeks post infection. These were Gag-specific TNFα+CD8+, MIP1β+CD4+, Env-specific IFN-γ+CD4+, and CD107a+ T cell responses. Four out of five monkeys had elevated intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels at the viral peak, while regenerating islet-derived protein 3α showed marked increases at later time points in the three animals surviving the longest, suggesting gut antimicrobial peptide production in response to microbial translocation post infection. Plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-15, and interleukin-12/23 were also elevated. Viral replication in gut and secondary lymphoid tissues was extensive.

IMPORTANCE

Simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) are important reagents to study prevention of virus acquisition in nonhuman primate models of HIV infection, especially those representing transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses. However, many R5-tropic SHIV have limited fitness
in vivo
leading to many monkeys spontaneously controlling the virus post acute infection. Here, we report the generation of a pathogenic SHIV clade C T/F stock by
in vivo
passage leading to sustained viral load set points, a necessity to study pathogenicity. Unexpectedly, administration of this SHIV to elderly rhesus macaques led to extensive viral replication and fast disease progression, despite maintenance of a strict R5 tropism. Such age-dependent rapid disease progression had previously been reported for simian immunodeficiency virus but not for R5-tropic SHIV infections.
Respiratory virus coinfections during the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiologic analysis and clinical outcomes from the Phase 2/3 molnupiravir trial (MOVe-OUT)
Authors: Johnson Matthew G. , Strizki Julie M. , Jensen Erin , Cohen Jonathan , Katlama Christine , Fishchuk Roman , Ponce-de-León Alfredo , Fourie Nyda , Cheng Chien-Yu , McCoy Dorothy , Vesnesky Mary , Norice Carmelle T. , Zhang Ying , Williams-Diaz Angela , Brown Michelle L. , Carmelitano Patricia , Grobler Jay A. , Paschke Amanda , De Anda Carisa 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

This exploratory
post hoc
analysis assessed the incidence of respiratory viral coinfections and their impact on clinical outcomes in non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated with molnupiravir versus placebo for 5 days in the Phase 2/3 MOVe-OUT trial (NCT04575597), which took place in October 2020 to January 2021 (Phase 2,
n
= 302) and May 2021 to October 2021 (Phase 3,
n
= 1,433). Among 1,735 total randomized participants, 1,674 had a baseline respiratory pathogen panel (NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel for the Luminex MAGPIX instrument) performed and 69 (4.1%) were coinfected with at least one additional respiratory viral pathogen. Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (39/69, 56.5%) was the most common coinfection detected at baseline. In the modified intention-to-treat population, two participants with coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses were hospitalized and received respiratory interventions through Day 29, and none died; one participant in the molnupiravir group was coinfected with human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and one participant in the placebo group was coinfected with human metapneumovirus. Hospitalization or death occurred in 6.2% and 9.0% of non-coinfected participants in the molnupiravir versus placebo group, respectively, and over 90% did not require respiratory interventions. Most coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses detected at baseline were not detected at the end of therapy in both the molnupiravir and placebo groups. In summary, participants coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory RNA virus were not more likely to be hospitalized or die, or require respiratory interventions, compared to participants who were not coinfected with another respiratory RNA virus at baseline in both groups.

IMPORTANCE
Respiratory viral coinfections are known to occur with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In a cohort of non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir versus placebo in the MOVe-OUT trial during October 2020 to October 2021, 4.1% of participants had a documented viral coinfection; human rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common pathogen detected with the NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel assay. Participants who had a coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory RNA virus were not more likely to have worse clinical outcomes compared to those participants without a viral coinfection, and many coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses were no longer detected at the end of the 5-day treatment period in both groups.
Identification of environmental Actinobacteria in buildings by means of chemotaxonomy, 16S rRNA sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Chudzik Anna , Jalkanen Kaisa , Täubel Martin , Szponar Bogumiła , Paściak Mariola 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Actinobacteria are abundant in soil and other environmental ecosystems and are also an important part of the human microbiota. Hence, they can also be detected in indoor environments and on building materials, where actinobacterial proliferation on damp materials can indicate moisture damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for the identification of 28 environmental strains of Actinobacteria isolated from building materials and indoor and outdoor air samples, mainly collected in the context of moisture damage investigations in buildings in Finland. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and chemotaxonomic analyses were performed, and results were compared with the MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper identification. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, all isolates were identified on the species or genus level and were representatives of
Streptomyces, Nocardia,
and
Pseudonocardia
genera. Based on MALDI-TOF MS analysis, initially, 11 isolates were identified as
Streptomyces
spp. and 1 as
Nocardia carnea
with a high identification score. After an upgrade in the MALDI-TOF MS
in-house
database and re-evaluation of mass spectra, 13 additional isolates were identified as
Nocardia
,
Pseudonocardia,
and
Streptomyces
. MALDI-TOF MS has the potential in environmental strain identification; however, the standard database needs to be considerably enriched by environmental Actinobacteria representatives.

IMPORTANCE
The manuscript addresses the challenges in identifying environmental bacteria using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Biotyper-based protein profiling. The matter of the studies—actinobacterial strains—has been isolated mostly from building materials that originated from a confirmed moisture-damaged situation. Polyphasic taxonomy, 16S RNA gene sequencing, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were applied for identification purposes. In this experimental paper, a few important facts are highlighted. First, Actinobacteria are abundant in the natural as well as built environment, and their identification on the species and genus levels is difficult and time-consuming. Second, MALDI-TOF MS is an effective tool for identifying bacterial environmental strains, and in parallel, continuous enrichment of the proteomics mass spectral databases is necessary for proper identification. Third, the chemical approach aids in the taxonomical inquiry of Actinobacteria environmental strains.
Sulfur isotopes of lamprophyres and implications for the control of metasomatized lithospheric mantle on the giant Jiaodong gold deposits, eastern China
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wang Zaicong , Zhang Wen , Ma Liang , Chen Weijun , Cai Ya-Chun , Foley Stephen , Wang Christina Yan , Li Jianwei , Deng Jun , Feng Yantong , Zong Keqing , Hu Zhaochu , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The giant Jiaodong gold deposits represent one of the largest gold provinces (&gt;5000 tons of Au) in the North China Craton of eastern China. They formed ~1.7 b.y. after high-grade metamorphism of the crust. The metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) has been increasingly proposed as the main source of such gold mineralization, but the direct geochemical links remain scarce. Here, we present a comprehensive δ34S dataset of sulfides from fresh lamprophyres (130–121 Ma) that formed from the metasomatized SCLM that is spatially and temporally associated with the Jiaodong gold deposits (ca. 120 Ma). Due to the negligible effects of crustal contamination and magmatic degassing, the consistently high δ34S (4‰–6‰, n = 73) of lamprophyres from variable localities reveals δ34S-enriched mantle sources relative to the asthenospheric mantle (−1.3‰ ± 0.3‰). Combined with the radiogenic Sr-Nd-Pb isotope signatures of these lamprophyres, we determined that such high δ34S signatures could have resulted from a period of mantle metasomatism related to subducted continental materials. The lamprophyres share δ34S (4.4‰ ± 0.8‰) and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with coeval gold-mineralized diorites (ca. 120 Ma) beneath the ore field (δ34S: 5.4‰ ± 2.5‰), which were interpreted to have sampled the magma chamber underlying the auriferous fluid systems. The lamprophyres and diorites consistently indicate the key control of metasomatized SCLM, although these mantle-derived magmas followed different pathways from source to crust. These relatively primitive and evolved magmas all show S and Pb isotopes similar to ore-related sulfides from the Jiaodong gold deposits, particularly those formed in the deep parts and at the early stage of the Jiaodong auriferous fluid system (δ34S: 5‰–7‰). Such results suggest that the primary auriferous fluids are genetically linked to the magmas derived from the metasomatized SCLM. Combined with radiogenic isotopes, our study on the sulfur isotopes of mantle-derived magmas identifies the metasomatized mantle source of the gold and provides new evidence for establishing a geochemical link between metasomatized SCLM, derivative magmas, and the giant gold deposits, supporting the model that subduction-related metasomatism plays a key role in the enrichment of volatiles and gold in the SCLM for large-scale gold mineralization.
Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study
Authors: O'Donovan Gary , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Ferrari Gerson , Lee I-Min , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Sarmiento Olga L , Ibáñez Agustín , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThe objective was to investigate the benefits of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern in Latin America, where many people take part in high levels of non-exercise physical activity.MethodsParticipants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and resurveyed from 2015 to 2019. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed weekend warriors. Those who exercised more often were termed regularly active. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThe main analysis included 26 006 deaths in 154 882 adults (67% female) aged 52±13 years followed for 18±4 years (mean±SD). Compared with those who reported no exercise, the HR (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) in the weekend warriors and 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) in the regularly active. Similar results were observed for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but associations were weaker. Stratified analyses showed that substantial reductions in all-cause mortality risk only occurred when the duration of exercise sessions was at least 30–60 min. The repeated-measures analysis included 843 deaths in 10 023 adults followed for 20±2 years. Compared with being inactive or becoming inactive, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.12) when being a weekend warrior or becoming a weekend warrior and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.03) when being regularly active or becoming regularly active.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study to investigate the benefits of the weekend warrior physical activity pattern in Latin America. The results suggest that even busy adults could benefit from taking part in one or two sessions of exercise per week.