bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Float Glass Surface Composition on Silicone Sealant Adhesion Tested After Simultaneous Exposure to Hot Water and Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Wolf AT , McMillan CS , Stiell W , Lieb K 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of float glass surface composition on silicone sealant adhesion in a wet environment. Float glass samples obtained from six different European glass manufacturers were characterized analytically (XPS) and tested for their hydrolytic stability (DIN 52296). Fifteen tensile/adhesion joints (H-pieces) were prepared for each float glass sample using a two-part, tin-catalyzed, condensation-cure silicone sealant containing a controlled amount of free aminosilane adhesion promoter. Five H-pieces each were tested after four weeks of ambient cure conditioning (reference specimens) as well as after an additional 500 h and 1000 h immersion in 45°C hot water with simultaneous UV exposure. As expected, all reference specimens failed cohesively in the tensile/adhesion test. All specimens exposed to the additional 500 h of hot water immersion and UV also showed cohesive failure. However, after 1000 h of exposure, differences in adhesion behavior could be observed. While the sealant failed cohesively (all five specimens) on one float glass, partial adhesive failure was observed on the other glass samples. For these glasses, the average extent of adhesive failure varied between 4–19%. Because of the limited amount of float glass samples studied, the experimental results must be interpreted cautiously. No correlation is observed between the hydrolytic stability of float glass samples and sealant adhesion. However, the chemical surface composition of the float glass appears to affect sealant adhesion. Low levels of Na and K (added to the glass composition as alkaline oxides) result in better sealant adhesion. Higher surface concentrations of these ions can be tolerated if the glass surface is also rich in Al ions. Poorer adhesion results, however, when high levels of alkaline Na or K oxides are combined with a low level of Al.
Eye on the Amazon: Brazilian Indians, the State, and Global Culture
Authors: Graham Laura R. 
Published: February 2005

At the Edge of Conquest: The Journey of Chief Wai‐Wai. 1992. 28 minutes, color. Produced by Geoffrey O'Connor .Realis Pictures Inc. Distributed by Filmaker's Library, 124 East 40th Street, Suite 901, New York, NY 10016.212/80&4980.Amazon Journal. 1996. 58 minutes, color. Produced and directed by Geoffrey O'Connor. Realis Pictures Inc. Distributed by Filmaker's Library, 124 East 40th Street, Suite 901, New York, NY 10016. 212/8084980.
Planet of the Normates
Authors: Bragg Lois 
Published: February 2005

Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature. Rosemarie Garland Thomson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. 200 pp.Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body. Rosemarie Garland Thomson. ed. New York: New York University Press, 1996. 400 pp.Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Jeffrey Jerome Cohen. ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.315pp.
No Exit: Aboriginal Australians and the Historicizing of Interpretation and Theory
Authors: Yengoyan Aram A. 
Published: February 2005

Arguments about Aborigines: Australia and the Evolution of Social Anthropology, L. R. Hiatt Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 225 pp.What the Bones Say: Tasmanian Aborigines, Science, and Domination. John J. Cove. Ottawa, Canada: Carleton University Press, 1995. 221 pp.
From Margin to Center: From Medical Anthropology to Cultural Studies of Science
Authors: Gaines Atwood D. 
Published: February 2005

Writing at the Margins: Discourse between Anthropology and Medicine. Arthur Kleinman. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. 314 pp.Sickness and Healing: An Anthropological Perspective. Robert A. Hahn New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995. 327 pp.The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder. Allan Young. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. 327 pp.
Abu Sayyaf: Displays of Violence and the Proliferation of Contested Identities among Philippine Muslims
Authors: Frake Charles O. 
Published: February 2005

Violence between and among Christians and Muslims of the southwestern Philippines provides the ethnographic setting for an investigation of Herzfeld's paradox of social indifference. But there is yet another paradox in this case: Why has this 400‐year conflict been characterized by a proliferation of contested identities among the insurgents, those who most need to be united?Is this another case of the force of “hegemony,” with the oppressed somehow duped into practices detrimental to their own interests? But how? And by what agency? The Philippine case reveals the challenging complexities of identity construction to be faced in any attempt to reach an understanding of these issues.
Distributive Models of Culture: A Sapirian Alternative to Essentialism
Authors: Rodseth Lars 
Published: February 2005

The Boasian conception of culture has been roundly criticized in recent years for its essentialist, or even racist, implications. Yet an alternative model that avoids these implications was proposed in the 1930s by Boas student Edward Sapir. Having long survived on the margins of anthropological theory, Sapir's “distributive” concept of culture is now entering the theoretical mainstream through recent developments in both psychological and “postmodernist” anthropology.By emphasizing the full range of variation within any so‐called culture, anthropologists have begun to apply the same style of population thinking that helped launch the Darwinian revolution in biology.
Cover Picture: Colloidal Crystal Capillary Columns—Towards Optical Chromatography (Adv. Mater. 4/2005)
Authors: Kamp U. , Kitaev V. , von Freymann G. , Ozin G. A. , Mabury S. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cover illustration, designed by Ludovico Cademartiri, is an artistic rendering of novel micro‐ and nanobore chromatographic columns, as reported by Ozin and co‐workers on p. 438. The three‐dimensional periodic arrangement of the building blocks, solid spheres or air‐spheres, constituting the chromatographic stationary phase allows wavelength‐selective interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the stationary phase. The photonic stop band responsible for the structural color of the column is monitored spectroscopically and shifts of its wavelength, generated by minute refractive index changes within a mobile phase (here represented by alkane homologues), can be immediately detected at any point along and around the column due to the exceptional structural uniformity.
No association of GSK3β gene (GSK3B) with Japanese schizophrenia
Authors: Ikeda Masashi , Iwata Nakao , Suzuki Tatsuyo , Kitajima Tsuyoshi , Yamanouchi Yoshio , Kinoshita Yoko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) is one of the candidates for schizophrenia‐susceptibility factor. However, it has not been reported the association analysis between GSK3β gene (GSK3B) and Japanese schizophrenia based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). We provide an association analysis using relatively large samples (381 schizophrenia, and 352 controls) after determination of “tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).” In this LD mapping, we selected and genotyped for eight polymorphisms (seven SNPs and one diallelic (CAA)n repeat), which covered the entire region of GSK3B, and determined two “tag SNPs.” In the following association analysis using these two “tag SNPs,” we could not find association with Japanese schizophrenia. Furthermore, we also include subgroup analysis considering age‐at‐onset and subtypes, neither could we find associations. Because our samples provided quite high power, these results indicate that GSK3B may not play a major role in Japanese schizophrenia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neue Entwicklungen in der asymmetrischen Mehrkomponenten‐Reaktion
Authors: Ramón Diego J. , Yus Miguel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUnter der asymmetrischen Mehrkomponenten‐Reaktion versteht man die Synthese von chiralen Verbindungen aus drei oder mehr gleichzeitig zusammengegebenen Reaktionspartnern. Diese Art der Zugabe und Umsetzung hat gegenüber klassischen divergenten Strategien eine Reihe von Vorteilen, darunter ein geringerer Aufwand an Kosten, Zeit und Energie sowie eine bessere Umweltverträglichkeit. Dies und die hohe Stereoselektivität mancher Reaktionen werden diese neue Synthesestrategie für die chemische Industrie und für Hochschulen zunehmend wichtig machen. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Vorzüge, aber auch die Probleme asymmetrischer Mehrkomponenten‐Reaktionen diskutiert.
Novel immobilized liposomal glucose oxidase system using the channel protein OmpF and catalase
Authors: Yoshimoto Makoto , Wang Shaoqing , Fukunaga Kimitoshi , Fournier Didier , Walde Peter , Kuboi Ryoichi , Nakao Katsumi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe reactivity of immobilized glucose oxidase‐containing liposomes (IGOL) prepared in our previous work (Wang et al. [2003] Biotechnol Bioeng 83:444–453) was considerably improved here by incorporating the channel protein OmpF from Escherichia coli into the liposome membrane as well as by entrapping inside the liposome's aqueous interior not only glucose oxidase (GO), but also catalase (CA), both from Aspergillus niger. CA was used for decomposing the hydrogen peroxide produced in the glucose oxidation reaction inside the liposomes. The presence of OmpF enhanced the transport of glucose molecules from the exterior of the liposomes to the interior. In a first step of the work, liposomes containing GO and CA (GOCAL) were prepared and characterized. A remarkable protection effect of the liposome membrane on CA inside the liposomes at 40°C was found; the remaining CA activity at 72 h incubation was more than 60% for GOCAL, while less than 20% for free CA. In a second step, OmpF was incorporated into GOCAL membranes, leading to the formation of OmpF‐embedded GOCAL (abbreviated GOCAL‐OmpF). The activity of GO inside GOCAL‐OmpF increased up to 17 times in comparison with that inside GOCAL due to an increased glucose permeation across the liposome bilayer, without any leakage of GO or CA from the liposomes. The optimal system was estimated to contain on average five OmpF molecules per liposome. Finally, GOCAL‐OmpF were covalently immobilized into chitosan gel beads. The performance of this novel biocatalyst (IGOCAL‐OmpF) was examined by following the change in glucose conversion, as well as by following the remaining GO activity in successive 15‐h air oxidations for repeated use at 40°C in an airlift bioreactor. IGOCAL‐OmpF showed higher reactivity and reusability than IGOL, as well as IGOL containing OmpF (IGOL‐OmpF). The IGOCAL‐OmpF gave about 80% of glucose conversion even when the catalyst was used repeatedly four times, while the corresponding conversions were about 60% and 20% for the IGOL and IGOL‐OmpF, respectively. Due to the absence of CA, IGOL‐OmpF was less stable and resulted in drastically inhibited GO. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The First Studies of a Tetrathiafulvalene‐σ‐Acceptor Molecular Rectifier
Authors: Ho Gregory , Heath James R. , Kondratenko Mykola , Perepichka Dmitrii F. , Arseneault Karin , Pézolet Michel , Bryce Martin R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLangmuir–Blodgett monolayers of a donor–acceptor diad TTF‐σ‐(trinitrofluorene) (8) with an extremely low HOMO–LUMO gap (0.3 eV) have been used to create molecular junction devices that show rectification behavior. By virtue of structural similarities and position of molecular orbitals, 8 is the closest well‐studied analogue of the model Aviram–Ratner unimolecular rectifier (TTF‐σ‐TCNQ). Compressing the monolayer results in aligning the molecules, and is followed by a drastic increase in the rectification ratio. The direction of rectification depends on the electrodes used and is different in n‐Si/8/Ti and Au/8/C16H33S‐Hg junctions. The molecular nature of such behavior was corroborated by control experiments with fatty acids and by reversing the rectification direction with changing the molecular orientation (Au/D‐σ‐A versus Au/A‐σ‐D).
Formation of Metal Oxide Particles in Atomic Layer Deposition During the Chemisorption of Metal Chlorides: A Review
Authors: Puurunen R. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAs has been known for a decade, metal oxide particles can form in a single reaction of gaseous metal chlorides with solid oxides. This is an undesirable effect in the fabrication of thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD). This work reviews the experimental results related to the metal oxide particle formation and the mechanisms suggested to account for it. The suggested mechanisms cannot explain the observations, but systematic analysis of the possible reaction paths delivers one reaction mechanism candidate, based on a reaction between surface chlorine groups and the hydroxyl groups of gaseous metal hydroxychloride intermediates. The consequences of the proposed mechanism are discussed.
[(1,5‐Cyclooctadiene)(toluene)ruthenium(0)]: A Novel Precursor for the MOCVD of Thin Ruthenium Films
Authors: Schneider A. , Popovska N. , Holzmann F. , Gerhard H. , Topf C. , Zenneck U. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMOCVD of [(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)(toluene)Ru0] on copper and silicon substrates in a vertical cold‐wall reactor led to the formation of thin metallic ruthenium films with low carbon content. The deposition was carried out by varying the substrate temperature (150–450 °C), total pressure (100–500 mbar) and mean residence time (0.17–0.50 s). It was found that Ru films could be deposited at temperatures as low as 150 °C. The exhaust gas was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and the deposited films were characterized by energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDX) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). A correlation was found between the carbon content of the films and the presence of chemically modified ligands in the MOCVD exhaust gas. 1,5‐Cyclooctadiene was identified as the main source for carbon incorporated into the deposited Ru films. C–H activation at the metallic ruthenium surface was regarded as the primary process of ligand degradation, which led to final carbon contamination.
Immunoregulatory effects of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate on cytokine release from stimulated whole blood
Authors: Swennen Els L. R. , Bast Aalt , Dagnelie Pieter C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn vitro studies suggest that extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides may be important regulators of inflammatory and immune responses. Most studies with adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) have been performed in cell lines, which are remote from the human situation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of ATP on TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐10 release in stimulated whole blood. Blood samples were drawn from healthy volunteers and incubated with ATP and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 24 h. Contrary to expectations, ATP at 100 μM and 300 μM induced a reduction in TNF‐α secretion by 32±8% (mean ± SEM) and 65±4%, respectively. Furthermore, these ATP concentrations induced an increase in IL‐10 secretion by 48±5% and 62±7% in whole blood. The ATP analogue adenosine 5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) (ATP‐γ‐S) and adenosine 5′‐diphosphate (ADP) also inhibited TNF‐α release, but only ADP showed a stimulatory effect on IL‐10. Co‐treatment with adenosine deaminase did not reverse the ATP effect on TNF‐α and IL‐10. These results show, for the first time, that ATP inhibits the inflammatory response in stimulated whole blood as indicated by inhibition of TNF‐α and stimulation of IL‐10 release and that this effect is predominantly mediated by ATP and not by adenosine.
In vitro and in vivo properties of a dimeric bispecific single‐chain antibody IgG‐fusion protein for depletion of CCR2+ target cells in mice
Authors: Schneider Martin A. , Brühl Hilke , Wechselberger Alexandra , Cihak Josef , Stangassinger Manfred , Schlöndorff Detlef , Mack Matthias 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe chemokine receptor CCR2 is highly expressed on leukocytes in several inflammatory diseases of both mice and men. Apart from blockade of CCR2 to prevent chemokine‐dependent cell migration, depletion of CCR2+ cells might be a promising strategy for treatment of inflammatory diseases. We therefore designed a bispecific antibody construct with the ability to deplete CCR2+ target cells in vitro and in vivo. The bispecific antibody construct consists of two single‐chain antibody variable fragments (scFv) – one recognizing murine CD3ϵ and the other recognizing murine CCR2 – joined by a short linker and fused to a modified hinge region and the CH2 and CH3 domains of murine IgG1 for dimerization. The protein was expressed in mammalian cells and purified via its C‐terminal histidine tail. In vitro this construct leads to efficient antigen‐specific and costimulation‐independent activation of T cells and strong lysis of CCR2+ target cells. In vivo the construct induces an almost complete depletion of CCR2+CD11b+ monocytes from the peripheral blood and spleens of BALB/c mice within 24 h. This recombinant protein construct is a dimeric, bispecific antibody with markedly improved serum levels compared to conventional bispecific single‐chain antibodies and the ability to deplete CCR2+CD11b+ monocytes in vivo.
Thymic cortical epithelium induces self tolerance
Authors: Goldman Kissinger P. , Park Chan‐Sik , Kim Moon , Matzinger Polly , Anderson Colin C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBecause of its role in positive selection, the ability of cortical epithelium to induce tolerance is controversial. On the one hand, experiments with transplanted thymuses showed that the recipients were functionally tolerant of all the antigens expressed by the cells of those thymuses, including cells of the cortical epithelium. On the other, the keratin 14 (K14) transgenic mouse strain, which expresses MHC class II on cortical epithelium under the control of the K14 promoter, does not seem to be tolerant of the transgenic MHC molecule. Here we tested whether the lack of tolerance in the K14 mouse might be more apparent than real. We found that K14 mice are indeed completely tolerant of K14 cortical thymic epithelium, whereas they remain reactive to tissues that express the same MHC allele under normal genetic control. These results establish the ability of cortical epithelium to induce central tolerance, and impinge on several of the models concerning positive selection of newly developing T cells.
Heat‐Integrated Reactor Concepts for Hydrogen Production by Methane Steam Reforming
Authors: Kolios G. , Glöckler B. , Gritsch A. , Morillo A. , Eigenberger G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSteam reforming of hydrocarbons is the major source of hydrogen on an industrial scale.Conventional, large scale, processes for hydrogen production are not optimal for the decentralized, stand‐alone supply of hydrogen for fuel cell systems. Their major drawback is limited thermal efficiency due to restricted heat recovery from the reformer effluents. A promising approach to overcome these limitations is the utilization of multifunctional reactor concepts, integrating the major reaction steps and process heat management. Coupling endothermic and exothermic reactions into heat‐integrated processes can be realized in different ways. One possible design is based on micro‐structured devices employing recuperative heat exchange between the process streams. A comparable specific performance and functionality can be achieved with adiabatic fixed‐bed reactors, operating in a transient mode. A major issue for both alternatives is the proper axial distribution of the process heat. Novel design solutions, developed in our group, are reviewed in this paper. Detailed simulation studies, as well as proof‐of‐concept experiments, confirm their feasibility and potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of the process.
Application of Hierarchical Process Modelling Strategies to Fuel Cell Systems – Towards a Virtual Fuel Cell Laboratory
Authors: Hanke R. , Mangold M. , Sundmacher K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThere is an increasing need for adequate modelling and simulation tools for the design and analysis of fuel cell systems. In the present contribution, a modular modelling strategy is proposed, which is based on network theory for chemical engineering processes.According to this network theory, a fuel cell system is decomposed into elementary units on several hierarchical levels (process unit level, phase level, storage level). After decomposition, the model formulation starts on the storage level: electrochemical source terms were combined with the diffusive and convective transport phenomena and state equations, forming an elementary unit of the phase level. On the phase level several thermodynamic phases (e.g. fluid compartments, electrode backings, catalyst layers, and the membrane electrolyte) are aggregated to a single fuel cell unit. Finally on the top level, the process unit level, single cells or fuel cell stacks are combined with other process units to form a complete process model.This modelling procedure is demonstrated with a simple proton exchange membrane fuel cell system operated with hydrogen and oxygen.
Evaluation of the Financial and Environmental Feasibility of a Network of Distributed 200 kWe Combined Heat and Power Fuel Cell Systems on the Stanford University Campus
Authors: Colella W. G. , Niemoth C. R. , Lim C. Y. , Hein A. Ph. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study investigates the economics of installing fuel cell generators on Stanford University's campus. This case study is internationally applicable because it resembles a more general case of U.S. universities, corporate campuses and European towns that i) own their own electricity and heating distribution networks, ii) incorporate combined heat and power (CHP), but iii) traditionally purchase heat and power from a commercial contractor. Based on detailed computer simulations of the University's electricity and heating network, the operation of a 200 kWe United Technologies CHP fuel cell system, and the cost structure of the University's supply options, the financial and environmental viability of these systems is analyzed by simulating a number of different scenarios which varied both the quantity and location of the fuel cell systems. It was concluded that i) the installation of fuel cell systems achieves greater fuel efficiency, lowered emissions, and up to 73 million dollars in savings for the University over 20 years including environmental incentives or up 21 million dollars in savings without any incentives; ii) the University maximizes savings through the installation of a quantity of fuel cell systems (84 systems) greater than that needed to provide all heat to the campus (72 systems) and less than that needed to provide all electricity (123 systems) when the systems are operated in electricity load following mode and do not export electricity back to the grid; and iii) the most financially attractive buildings in which to install systems are wet and dry laboratories, because their relatively high and constant electricity consumption increases system utilization, and therefore financial savings. These results are quantified in Figures 6 and 7. Results underscore the importance of operating systems in thermal networks.