bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Polarization of Popular Culture: Tracing the Size, Shape, and Depth of the “Oil Spill”
Authors: Rawlings Craig M , Childress Clayton 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent research suggests that political polarization has spilled over into otherwise mundane areas of social life. And yet, the size, shape, and depth of that spillage into popular culture are generally unknown. Relying on a sample of 135 widely known movies, TV shows, musicians, sports, and leisure activities, we investigate these issues. We find the “oil spill” of polarization into popular culture is large but loosely organized into multiple fairly shallow pools. Cultural polarization is also asymmetric. Liberals like a wide variety of popular culture, do not dislike conservative popular culture, and their tastes are more rooted in their sociodemographics. Conservatives, on the other hand, like a much narrower range of popular culture, dislike the culture created and liked by Black and urban liberals, and their tastes seem to be more directly rooted in their political ideology. Potential implications of an asymmetric culture war, and ideas for future research, are discussed.
Experience shapes initial exploration for non-generalizable spatial learning
Authors: Awh Michelle P. , Latimer Kenneth W. , Zhou Nan , Leveroni Zachary M. , Stephens Zoe M. , Yu Jai Y. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExperience can change how individuals learn. Learning to solve a new problem can be accelerated by generalizing known rules in the new context, but the impact of experience on solving problems where generalization cannot be applied remains unclear. To study the impact of experience on solving new problems that are distinct from previously learned tasks, we examined how rats learned a new spatial navigation task after having previously learned different sets of spatial navigation tasks. The new task differed from the previous tasks in spatial layout and navigation rule, and could not be solved by applying previously learned rules. We found that different experience histories did not impact task performance in the new task. However, by examining navigation choices made by rats, we found exploration patterns during the early stage of learning in the new task was dependent on experience history. We identified these behavioral differences by analyzing each rat’s navigation choices and by modeling their choice sequences with a modified distance dependent Chinese restaurant process. We further pinpointed the behavioral difference to sequential turn/no turn decisions made at choice points. Our results indicate that experience can influence problem-solving strategies when learning to solve new problems. Individuals with distinct experience histories can approach new problems from different starting points but converge on the same solution.
A Dataset for Deep Learning based Cleavage-stage Blastocyst Prediction with Time-lapse Images
Authors: Wang Sijia , Fan Jing , Li Hanhui , Zhao Mingpeng , Li Xuemei , Leung Chan David Yiu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecent advances in deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques have obtained notable progress in automated embryo image analysis. However, most current research focuses on blastocyst-stage embryo evaluation (more than 5 days after in vitro fertilization), which may reduce the number of transferable embryos and increase the risk of canceled circles. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the possibility of evaluating blastocyst development at the cleavage stage with deep neural networks (DNNs). To this end, we collect a dataset that consists of time-lapse images of more than 500 embryos (about 194k frames in total). We evaluate several widely used DNNs on the dataset, including those of single-frame architectures and multi-frame architectures. Experimental results show that the accuracy of different DNNs varies from 66.42% to 77.74% and we also provide the possible reasons behind the performance gap. Our dataset and code will be published soon to facilitate related research.
Exploring information exchange betweenThesium chinenseand its hostPrunella vulgaristhrough joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis
Authors: Ding Anping , Xiang Zengxu , Wang Ruifeng , Liu Juan , Meng Wenna , Zhang Yu , Chen Guihong , Hu Gang , Tan Mingpu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground:Thesium chinenseknown as “plant antibiotic” is a facultative root hemi-parasitic herb whilePrunella vulgariscan serve as its host. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the communication betweenT. chinenseand its host remained largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of transferred metabolites and mobile mRNAs betweenT. chinenseandP. vulgaris. Results: The wide-target metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis identified 5 transferred metabolites and 668 mobile genes betweenT. chinenseandP. vulgaris, as well as haustoria formation related 56 metabolites and 189 genes. Furthermore, we inferred a regulatory network that might be involved in haustoria formation, and 18 genes promoting haustoria formation and 1 gene inhibiting it were identified as a consequence. There were 4 metabolites (ethylsalicylate, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, aromadendrin-7-O-glucoside and pruvuloside B) that are transferred fromP. vulgaristoT. chinense, whereas 2-ethylpyrazine was transferred fromT. chinensetoP. vulgaris. Conclusions: These results suggested that there was an extensive exchange of information withP. vulgarisincluding transferred metabolites and mobile mRNAs, which might facilitate the haustoria formation and parasition ofT. chinense.Author summaryT. chinenseknown as “plant antibiotic” is a facultative root hemi-parasitic herb whileP. vulgariscan serve as its host. Currently, the information exchange betweenT. chinenseand its host remained unknown, and a comprehensive view of transferred metabolites and mobile mRNAs betweenT. chinenseand its host is critical so that appropriate chemical and genetic improvement can be used to facilitate haustoria formation and successful parasitism. Here, we employ the conjoint wide-target metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis to explore the information exchange betweenT. chinenseandP. vulgaris.We identified 5 transferred metabolites and 668 mobile genes betweenT. chinenseandP. vulgaris, as well as haustoria formation related 56 metabolites and 189 genes. Our study provides new insights into the complex interplay between parasite and host during parasitism.
Bypassing Striatal Learning Mechanisms Using Delayed Feedback to Circumvent Learning Deficits in TBI
Authors: Dobryakova Ekaterina , Tong Tien T. , Iosipchuk Olesya , Lequerica Anthony , Schneider Veronica , Chiaravalloti Nancy , Sandry Joshua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveFeedback facilitates learning by guiding and modifying behaviors through an action-outcome contingency. As the majority of existing studies have focused on immediate presentation of feedback, the impact of delayed feedback on learning is understudied. Prior work demonstrated that learning from immediate and delayed feedback employed distinct brain regions in healthy individuals, and compared to healthy individuals, individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are impaired in learning from immediate feedback. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the effects of delayed vs. immediate feedback on learning in individuals with TBI and examine brain networks associated with delayed and immediate feedback processing.SettingNon-profit research organization.ParticipantsTwenty-eight individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI.DesignParticipants completed a paired-associate word learning task while undergoing MRI. During the task, feedback was presented either immediately, after a delay, or not at all (control condition).Main measuresLearning performance accuracy; confidence ratings; post-task questionnaire, blood-oxygen-level dependent signal.ResultsBehavioral data showed that delayed feedback resulted in better learning performance than immediate feedback and no feedback. In addition, participants reported higher confidence in their performance during delayed feedback trials. During delayed vs. immediate feedback processing, greater activation was observed in the superior parietal and angular gyrus. Activation in these areas has been previously associated with successful retrieval and greater memory confidence.ConclusionThe observed results might be explained by delayed feedback processing circumventing the striatal dopaminergic regions responsible for learning from immediate feedback that are impaired in TBI. Additionally, delayed feedback evokes less of an affective reaction than immediate feedback, which likely benefited memory performance. Indeed, compared to delayed feedback, positive or negative immediate feedback was more likely to be rated as rewarding or punishing, respectively. Findings have significant implications for TBI rehabilitation and suggest that delaying feedback during rehabilitation might recruit brain regions that lead to better functional outcomes.
ASCT: automatic single-cell toolbox in julia
Authors: Yang Ling , Li Nan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractASCT(https://github.com/kaji331/ASCT) is an automatic single-cell toolbox for analyzing single-cell RNA-Seq data. This toolbox can analyze the output data of 10X Cellranger for quality checking, preprocessing, dimensional reduction, clustering, marker genes identification and samples integration. It completely runs all functions by automatic methods without artificial intervention and can tune the parameters for advanced user. It is implemented by pure Julia language, and the overall runtime of basic steps is less than Seurat V4.
Discrimination of Isomeric Glycans via High-sensitive Engineered Nanopore
Authors: Yao Guangda , Tian Yinping , Ke Wenjun , Fang Jie , Ma Shengzhou , Li Tiehai , Cheng Xi , Xia Bingqing , Wen Liuqing , Gao Zhaobing 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTGlycan isomers are the basis for forming the spatial structure of glycans, which poses great challenges to glycan structural analysis and hinders the study of the relationship between structure and function. An economical and convenient analytical method with high resolution is still in demand. Here, we designed an engineered α-hemolysin nanopore with double-mutants (α-HL M113R/T115A) to achieve sensing of glycans with different glycosidic linkages. By extracting three parameters to depict a 3D scatter plot, four glycans with different degrees of polymerization and glycosidic bonds could be distinguished. Through molecular dynamics (MD), we further elucidated the motion trajectories of two different glycosidic bonds in the pore region. In addition, the sensing ability was also applied in the direct identification of glycans in mixture systems. The obtained nanopore data permitted us to achieve a separation accuracy of over 90% independent of the assistance of machine learning algorithms. Designing biological nanopores with high discrimination and sensitivity for glycans with different lineages paves the way for nanopore glycan profiling and potentially sequencing.
Expression Strategies for Recombinant HECT E3 Ligases inEscherichia coli
Authors: Krach Paulina , Gajewska Daria , Sagan Maria , Szlachcic Anna , Walczak Michał J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA comparative analysis of recombinant expression inE. coliof three HECT E3 ligases reveals a consistent preference for lower expression temperatures. Lower temperatures prevent aggregation and misfolding, enhancing the efficiency and solubility of expressed HECT ligases. Isolated HECT domains generally exhibit higher expression success compared to full-length counterparts, offering improved solubility and yields. However, expression levels vary among ligases, necessitating tailored strategies. Future studies may explore full-length HECT-type E3 ligases in covalent complexes with ubiquitin as a potential, generalizable platform for biomedical research.
The ongoing struggle for legitimacy: the case of an unsanctioned community sport organization
Authors: Wigfield Daniel , Snelgrove Ryan 
Published: December 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore how one unsanctioned community sport organization (CSO), AM Hockey, sought to acquire legitimacy in a highly institutionalized minor hockey marketplace at various points in its organizational life cycle.Design/methodology/approachThis study was guided by instrumental case study methodology. Twenty (20) AM Hockey stakeholders from a variety of roles (e.g. executives, program directors and coaches) were interviewed. Document analysis was also utilized to supplement the interviewees. Internal and public documents reflective of the CSO's creation and growth were obtained.FindingsFindings revealed that the CSO had to navigate distinct phases of evolution including the Building, Growth, Competition and Stabilization phases. Although the four life cycle phases identified in this study share similarities with the phases identified by Lester et al. (2003), findings indicated that institutional work mechanisms must be understood in their context as they can vary over the life cycle of an organization. Therefore, start-up sports organizations must approach the pursuit of legitimacy as a continual process rather than something acquired and defended through maintenance work.Originality/valueDeveloping legitimacy remains a central challenge for CSOs that seek to deliver alternative sport programming, yet it continues to be understudied. Ultimately, the long-term viability of an unsanctioned CSO in a federated sports system relies, in part, on its ability to continually determine the actions needed to achieve legitimacy within its environment.
Novice Auditors and Audits of Fair Values: Knowledge and Skill Requirements*
Authors: Boritz J. Efrim , Timoshenko Lev M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNovice auditors are increasingly being asked to perform tasks that were not expected of them in the past, including evaluation of fair values (FVs). This study contributes to the auditing literature by investigating novice auditors' competencies required for correct performance of FV auditing tasks, identifying weaknesses, and suggesting actions that could be taken by educators and practitioners to address those weaknesses. Using the audit of goodwill impairment under IFRS as the exemplar task for identifying FV auditing competencies, we create a normative process table for the task based on accounting and auditing standards and authoritative valuation literature. We analyze the verbal protocols of novice auditors while they perform the task and compare their processes to the normative table to understand weaknesses in their competencies. Our findings are of interest to auditing educators and audit firm personnel responsible for staff training programs, audit program development (e.g., checklists), supervision, and review.
Applied anthropology, injustice, and the ethics of intervention
Authors: Manderson Lenore 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFifty years ago, anthropologists, including applied researchers, were caught up in a dilemma of ethics and practice, in the face of criticisms of ethnographic embroilment in colonial, military, and neocolonial projects. But the epistemological crises that this provoked, together with anthropological engagement in political movements, sharpened our commitment to work with others to counter systemic, structural, and enacted violence. Today, continued inequality at local and global levels is deeply complicated by corporate globalization and climate change. Ethnographic research and anthropological engagement is urgent and critical, requiring our persistence to redress social wrongs through supportive, generous partnerships, as advocates and as outspoken witnesses.
Market segmentation to reflect the school's “green” context and increase the impact of environmental education
Authors: Ramírez‐Bravo Osvaldo Eric , Camargo‐Rivera Evangelina , Sánchez‐Corona María Guadalupe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCollaboration between the fields of biodiversity conservation and social marketing is growing to promote environmental awareness and induce behavioral changes. In order to assess the significance of employing market segmentation, we conducted an analysis focused on identifying the “green” characteristics of the 386 high schools in the city of Puebla, Central Mexico. We designed a 15‐item survey to evaluate “green” features on school websites, including aspects like institutional identity, facilities, curricula, and extracurricular activities. Utilizing the gathered data, we employed multivariate statistics to categorize the schools into four groups: Green schools, Interested schools, Contemplators, and Do not act, indicating their potential exposure to environmental themes. We conclude that organizations can adopt a similar approach to develop tailored activities with enduring impacts, simultaneously reducing costs and enhancing effectiveness.
Neural tracking of continuous acoustics: properties, speech‐specificity and open questions
Authors: Zoefel Benedikt , Kösem Anne 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman speech is a particularly relevant acoustic stimulus for our species, due to its role of information transmission during communication. Speech is inherently a dynamic signal, and a recent line of research focused on neural activity following the temporal structure of speech. We review findings that characterise neural dynamics in the processing of continuous acoustics and that allow us to compare these dynamics with temporal aspects in human speech. We highlight properties and constraints that both neural and speech dynamics have, suggesting that auditory neural systems are optimised to process human speech. We then discuss the speech‐specificity of neural dynamics and their potential mechanistic origins and summarise open questions in the field.
Genetic variation associated with adult migration timing in lineages of Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River
Authors: Narum Shawn R. , Horn Rebekah , Willis Stuart , Koch Ilana , Hess Jon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the discovery of a major effect region (GREB1L, ROCK1) for adult migration timing in genomes of both Chinook Salmon and Steelhead, several subsequent studies have investigated the effect size and distribution of early and late migration alleles among populations in the Columbia River. Here, we synthesize the results of these studies for the major lineages of Chinook Salmon and Steelhead that include highly distinct groups in the interior Columbia River that exhibit atypical life histories from most coastal lineage populations of these two species. Whole‐genome studies with high marker density have provided extensive insight into SNPs most associated with adult migration timing, and suites of markers for each species have been genotyped in large numbers of individuals to further validate phenotypic effects. For Steelhead, the largest phenotypic effect sizes have been observed in the coastal lineage (36% of variation for passage timing at Bonneville Dam; 43% of variation for tributary arrival timing) compared to the inland lineage (7.5% of variation for passage timing at Bonneville Dam; 8.4% of variation for tributary arrival timing) that overwinter in freshwater prior to spawning. For Chinook Salmon, large effect sizes have been observed in all three lineages for multiple adult migration phenotypes (Coastal lineage: percentage of variation of 27.9% for passage timing at Bonneville Dam, 28.7% for arrival timing for spawning; Interior ocean type: percentage of variation of 47.6% for passage timing at Bonneville Dam, 39.6% for tributary arrival timing, 77.9% for arrival timing for spawning; Interior stream type: percentage of variation of 35.3% for passage at Bonneville Dam, 9.8% for tributary arrival timing, 4.7% for arrival timing for spawning). Together, these results have extended our understanding of genetic variation associated with life history diversity in distinct populations of the Columbia River, however, much research remains necessary to determine the causal mechanism for this major effect region on migration timing in these species.
Single‐cell profiling of bronchoalveolar cells reveals a Th17 signature in neutrophilic severe equine asthma
Authors: Sage Sophie E. , Leeb Tosso , Jagannathan Vidhya , Gerber Vinzenz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSevere equine asthma (SEA) is a complex respiratory condition characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It shares many clinical and pathological features with human neutrophilic asthma, making it a valuable model for studying this condition. However, the immune mechanisms driving SEA have remained elusive. Although SEA has been primarily associated with a Th2 response, there have also been reports of Th1, Th17, or mixed‐mediated responses. To uncover the elusive immune mechanisms driving SEA, we performed single‐cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on cryopreserved bronchoalveolar cells from 11 Warmblood horses, 5 controls and 6 with SEA. We identified six major cell types, including B cells, T cells, monocytes–macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. All cell types exhibited significant heterogeneity, with previously identified and novel cell subtypes. Notably, we observed monocyte–lymphocyte complexes and detected a robust Th17 signature in SEA, with CXCL13 upregulation in intermediate monocytes. Asthmatic horses exhibited expansion of the B‐cell population, Th17 polarization of the T‐cell populations, and dysregulation of genes associated with T‐cell function. Neutrophils demonstrated enhanced migratory capacity and heightened aptitude for neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These findings provide compelling evidence for a predominant Th17 immune response in neutrophilic SEA, driven by dysregulation of monocyte and T‐cell genes. The dysregulated genes identified through scRNA‐seq have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SEA and provide insights into human neutrophilic asthma.
The fracture strength and the failure mode of lithium disilicate or resin nano ceramics as a crown, overlay, or endocrown restoration on endodontically treated teeth
Authors: Vervack Valentin , Johansson Camilla , Coster Peter De , Fokkinga Wietske , Papia Evaggelia , Vandeweghe Stefan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionDifferent materials and restorative concepts have been proposed over the years to restore endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Monolithic ceramic and composite restoration can be lute to the tooh, without the use of a post. However, little is known how the material stiffness and presence of a composite core will affect the survival and failure mode.The objective of this in‐vitro study was to evaluate the fracture strength and failure mode of endodontically treated molars, restored with ceramic or hybrid composite monolithic restoration, in the presence of absence of a composite core.Materials and MethodsSixty depulped molars were restored with a lithium‐disilicate (e.max CAD) or hybrid composite (Cerasmart) restoration. Both materials were used in a monolithic approach, but with 3 different designs: (a) monolithic endocrown, (b) crown with a separate composite core, and (c) overlay without core buildup or pulpal extension. Ten sound teeth were used as control group. All groups were thermocycled (10,000 cycles), subsequently loaded in a chewing simulator (100,000 cycles) and finally loaded until fracture.ResultsPeak fracture loads and failure modes were registered. No significant differences were seen between the groups in terms of fracture load. Failure modes were statistically significantly different among groups with significant correlation between restoration type and material. (p < 0.001 and p = 0.033, respectively). No group presented significantly higher fracture resistance. Although ceramic crowns and overlays presented the highest repairability, all restored ETT were within the range of the intact tooth' fracture strength.ConclusionNo restoration presented significant different fracture loads. However, the type of restoration and material choice were correlated to the fracture mode.