bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neopatrimonial Rule through Formal Institutions: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Bektas Eda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines how formal institutions in hybrid regimes, particularly presidentialism, party organization and electoral rules, actively foster and sustain clientelistic networks, leading to particularistic outcomes. While existing literature highlights the weakening of formal institutions and pervasive clientelism as drivers of democratic breakdown, this study uses the concept of neopatrimonialism to analyse how formal institutions themselves consolidate patron–client relationships to maintain power and stability. Focusing on Turkey, the analysis demonstrates that the institutional incentive structure consolidates the president's role as the central ‘patron’, controlling resources and offices, and encourages clientelistic networks to coalesce around the presidency. The discretionary allocation of resources through patron–client relationships sustains neopatrimonial authority as long as clients' loyalty is rewarded. However, this governance increases clients' dependence on the patron, binding them at the expense of representation and responsiveness. The analysis offers insights into how such institutional configurations contribute to authoritarianism and particularistic governance in hybrid regimes.
“The heart of the city, where the accent’s the strongest”: localizing perceptions of the “strong Boston accent” in a changing city
Authors: Fisher Sabriya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines folk perceptions of language in the Greater Boston Area. In particular, it seeks to understand which areas are associated with a “Boston” accent, and whether associations are changing given recent shifts in ethnic and economic demographics. A total of 111 Greater Boston residents completed a survey and map task asking what constitutes a “Boston” accent, who has one, and in which areas one can be heard. Results show that the majority of participants perceive the neighborhood of South Boston to be the geographic epicenter of the “Boston” accent, and generally associate accents with historically White working-class areas, despite sometimes changing demographics within them. There is also evidence that participant ethnic background may play a role in perceptions of speech in some areas, with White men less likely to choose South Boston, widely viewed as gentrifying, as accented, and Black and Asian participants less likely to choose the increasingly ethnically diverse neighborhood of North Dorchester. These results demonstrate the importance of eliciting folk perceptions from residents of color to obtain a fuller picture of the language attitudes in a given community.
IPA Illustration of Kua’nsi
Authors: Huang Huade 
Published: January 2025

This Illustration focuses on Kua’nsi (kʰwa33n̩21si33, ISO639: ykn), a Central Ngwi (or Yi) language of the Sino-Tibetan family (Bradley 1997; Fan et al., 2017). It is spoken by approximately 5000 people in Liuhe Township (六合乡, Liùhé Xiāng), Heqing County (鹤庆县, Hèqìng Xiàn), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (see the map in Figure 1). Kua’nsi people refer to themselves as Kua’eshi (夸萼氏 Kuà’èshì) in Chinese and other ethnic groups, Bai (白 Bái) and Han (汉 Hàn) people living in the county, call them as Baiyi people (白依人 Báiyīrén) in Chinese because of their white traditional clothes.
Device-assisted transcatheter closure of large secundum atrial septal defects: a novel approach
Authors: Singhi Anil Kumar , Mohapatra Soumya Kanti , De Arnab 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Transcatheter closure of large and complex atrial septal defect can pose challenges and complications during device placement. To improve stability, several assistive techniques have been developed.

Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of the device-assisted device closure technique for large secundum atrial septal defects. Patients who underwent device-assisted device closure of atrial septal defect between December 2023 and August 2024 were analysed.

Results:
Twenty patients (mean age 38.69 years) underwent device closure of large secundum atrial septal defect with device-assisted device closure technique. The mean atrial septal defect diameter was 31.9 mm. The average thick-to-thick measurement was 38.3 mm, which determined the device size. The majority (18 cases) had thin, floppy margins and two had deficient inferior rim. Successful closure was achieved in 18 patients (90%), while two patients (10%) required other methods of assistance. Based on fluoroscopic guidance, patients were divided into two groups: Group A (8 patients) used anteroposterior projection, and Group B (12 patients) used left anterior oblique-cranial view. After initial two failures with anteroposterior view, all cases were successfully closed using left anterior oblique-cranial projection. Device sizes ranged from 36 to 50 mm (median 40 mm). Cocoon devices were used for sizes up to 42 mm, and Occlunix for larger devices. No significant procedural complications occurred, although two patients had minor post-procedural events.

Conclusions:
Device-assisted device closure technique offers a promising and safe dynamic assistance approach for transcatheter closure of large and challenging atrial septal defects. The left anterior oblique-cranial view showed promising results, though without statistical significance. While results are encouraging, larger prospective studies are needed to validate its effectiveness.
Selection criteria and yield stability in a large collection of African yam bean [Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst ex. A. Rich) Harms] accessions
Authors: Olomitutu Oluwaseyi E. , Abe Ayodeji , Paliwal Rajneesh , Abberton Michael T. , Oyatomi Olaniyi A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
African yam bean (AYB) is an underutilized legume with significant potential for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, yet limited research exists on optimizing its seed yield through selective breeding. In this study, the seed yield (SY) performance and relative importance of some yield-related traits on SY in AYB were assessed. One hundred and ninety-six accessions of AYB were evaluated for 2 years in three agro-ecologies of Nigeria. The experimental design was a 14 × 14 lattice design with three replicates. Data were recorded on SY and 13 SY-related traits. Positive significant genotypic correlations were found between SY and 11 of these traits. Pod length (PL) had a negative significant relationship (rg = −0.44**) with SY. Path coefficient analysis identified days to maturity (DM), pod weight (PW), shelling percentage (SP), number of seeds per pod (NSPD), 100-seed weight (HSW) and seed thickness (ST) as traits with positive direct effects on SY. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction analysis revealed highly significant accession, environment, accession × environment interaction and interaction principal components effects for SY. Accessions TSs-119, TSs-101, 138A, TSs-4, TSs-157A and TSs-61 were identified as superior and stable, and should be considered for further breeding purposes. Selection criteria for improved SY in AYB should include DM, PW, SP, NSPD, HSW and ST. The identified stable, high-yielding accessions and key yield-related traits provide a framework for accelerating AYB improvement across diverse agro-ecologies.
Identität Pflege
Authors: Ems Ursina 
Published: January 2025

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Die Rolle der Advanced Practice Nurse (APN), insbesondere der Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), ist in der psychiatrischen Pflege international etabliert. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Artikel beleuchtet die Arbeit von PMHNP in der Schweiz in der ambulanten psychiatrischen Versorgung und verdeutlicht, wie sie durch erweiterte Kompetenzen patientenzentrierte, alltagsnahe Interventionen durchführen, Diagnosen stellen und Therapiepläne entwickeln. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Durch die erweiterten Kompetenzen fördern PMHNP die psychische Gesundheit, verbessern die Patientenversorgung und tragen durch enge Zusammenarbeit und Netzwerkbildung zu einer ganzheitlichen und effektiven Behandlung bei.
Short‐Term Memory and Regional Climate Drive City‐Scale Water Demand in the Contiguous US
Authors: Hao Wenjin , Cominola Andrea , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGaining insights into current and future urban water demand patterns and their determinants is paramount for water utilities and policymakers to formulate water demand management strategies targeted to high water‐using groups and infrastructure planning strategies. In this paper, we explore the complex web of causality between climatic and socio‐demographic determinants, and urban water demand patterns across the Contiguous United States (CONUS). We develop a causal discovery framework based on a Neural Granger Causal (NGC) model, a machine learning approach that identifies nonlinear causal relationships between determinants and water demand, enabling comprehensive water demand determinants discovery and water demand forecasting across the CONUS. We train our convolutional NGC model using large‐scale open water demand data collected with a monthly resolution from 2010 to 2017 for 86 cities across the CONUS and three Köppen climate regions—Arid, Temperate, and Continental—utilizing this globally recognized climate classification system to ensure a robust analysis across varied environmental conditions. We discover that city‐scale urban water demand is primarily driven by short‐term memory effects. Climatic variables, particularly vapor pressure deficit and temperature, also stand out as primary determinants across all regions, and more evidently in Arid regions as they capture aridity and drought conditions. Our model achieves an average higher than 0.8 for one‐month‐ahead prediction of water demand across various cities, leveraging the Granger causal relationships in different spatial contexts. Finally, the exploration of temporal dynamics among determinants and water demand amplifies the interpretability of the model results. This enhanced interpretability facilitates discovery of urban water demand determinants and generalization of water demand forecasting.
A Statistical Analysis of Auroral‐Enhanced Plasma Lines Observed by EISCAT During One Solar Cycle
Authors: Feng Ting , Liu Moran , Feng Huiting , Han Desheng , Zhou Chen , Xu Bin , Xu Tong , Ding Zonghua , Zhao Zhengyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnhanced plasma lines (PLs) obtained from incoherent scatter radars can be utilized to estimate multiple parameters of the ionosphere. The occurrence rates of these PLs, intensified by auroral precipitations, depend on the magnetic local time (MLT) according to the source regions of the precipitated electrons. To comprehensively understand how both nightside and dayside PLs respond to the solar‐wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling interactions, we present the first‐ever 11‐year statistical analysis of PLs data. This analysis is based on the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) incoherent scatter radar data set, spanning from 2009 to 2019. Our statistical analysis reveals distinctive characteristics in the behavior of enhanced PLs. The occurrence rates of PL enhancements in the E‐region peak during nighttime (19:00–07:00 MLT), aligning with the activity of secondary electrons from the magnetotail, while in the F‐region peaks occur during daytime (07:00–19:00 MLT), consistent with electron beams from the cusp. A clear seasonal preference emerges, with higher occurrence rates of PL enhancements in the E‐region during winter and in the F‐region during summer. This observation may be attributed to heightened auroral activity during equinoctial months. Additionally, the PL enhancements demonstrate a correlation with intervals of heightened solar‐geomagnetic activity, providing further evidence for a robust connection to auroral precipitation. These findings offer valuable insights into the excitation mechanisms of enhanced PLs and present a novel tool for advancing research in particle precipitation.
Alteration's Control on Frictional Behavior and the Depth of the Ductile Shear Zone in Geothermal Reservoirs in Volcanic Arcs
Authors: Fryer Barnaby , Jermann Florian , Patrier Patricia , Lanson Bruno , Jelavic Stanislav , Meyer Gabriel , Grasby Stephen E. , Violay Marie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe majority of geothermal energy is produced in tectonically active volcanic‐arc regions due to their high geothermal gradients. Reservoirs in these settings are often stratified with smectite/kaolinite‐, illite‐, and chlorite‐rich zones, in order of increasing depth and temperature. Eighteen andesitic core and surface samples were taken from five geothermal fields in the Lesser‐Antilles and Cascade volcanic arcs. The collected samples have experienced various degrees of alteration and can be considered, in their ensemble, to be representative of the previously mentioned alteration zones. The influence of the alteration was assessed through biaxial rate‐and‐state friction experiments on prepared gouge. The samples were each tested at 10, 30, and 50 MPa normal stress in both nominally dry and nominally wet conditions. While significant water‐induced frictional‐strength reduction was observed, phyllosilicate content dominates frictional behavior, with increased phyllosilicate content reducing frictional strength, promoting velocity‐strengthening behavior, and reducing frictional healing. Negative frictional healing is observed and likely related to the presence of expandable clays, leading to frictional weakness over long time periods. It is suggested that, by controlling frictional strength, phyllosilicate content influences the depth of onset of ductile shear zones, which often underlie these reservoirs and are critical for the horizontal advection and vertical sealing of geothermal fluid. Further, as these types of reservoirs are likely critically stressed, varying degrees of alteration within different reservoir zones can give rise to the formation of stress jumps. Overall, the frictional behavior depended to a first order on overall phyllosilicate content, potentially simplifying engineering studies.
YAP/TEAD4/SP1-induced VISTA expression as a tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism of immunosuppression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Zhehui , Ding Rui , Yu Wei , Liu Yun , Zhou Zhaocai , Liu Chen-Ying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hyperactivation of the YAP/TEAD transcriptional complex in cancers facilitates the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we observed that the transcription factor SP1 physically interacts with and stabilizes the YAP/TEAD complex at regulatory genomic loci in colorectal cancer (CRC). In response to serum stimulation, PKCζ (protein kinase C ζ) was found to phosphorylate SP1 and enhance its interaction with TEAD4. As a result, SP1 enhanced the transcriptional activity of YAP/TEAD and coregulated the expression of a group of YAP/TEAD target genes. The immune checkpoint V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) was identified as a direct target of the SP1-YAP/TEAD4 complex and found to be widely expressed in CRC cells. Importantly, YAP-induced VISTA upregulation in human CRC cells was found to strongly suppress the antitumor function of CD8+ T cells. Consistently, elevated VISTA expression was found to be correlated with hyperactivation of the SP1-YAP/TEAD axis and associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. In addition, we found by serendipity that enzymatic deglycosylation significantly improved the anti-VISTA antibody signal intensity, resulting in more accurate detection of VISTA in clinical tumor samples. Overall, our study identified SP1 as a positive modulator of YAP/TEAD for the transcriptional regulation of VISTA and developed a protein deglycosylation strategy to better detect VISTA expression in clinical samples. These findings revealed a new tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism of YAP/TAZ-mediated cancer immune evasion.
The E3-ligase Siah2 activates mitochondrial quality control in neurons to maintain energy metabolism during ischemic brain tolerance
Authors: Sisalli Maria Josè , D’Apolito Elena , Cuomo Ornella , Lombardi Giovanna , Tufano Michele , Annunziato Lucio , Scorziello Antonella 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is crucial for the homeostasis of the mitochondrial network. The balance between mitophagy and biogenesis is needed to reduce cerebral ischemia-induced cell death. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) represents an adaptation mechanism of CNS that increases tolerance to lethal cerebral ischemia. It has been demonstrated that hypoxia-induced Seven in absentia Homolog 2 (Siah2) E3-ligase activation influences mitochondrial dynamics promoting the degradation of mitochondrial proteins. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of Siah2 in the IPC-induced neuroprotection in in vitro and in vivo models of IPC. To this aim, cortical neurons were exposed to 30-min oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD, sublethal insult) followed by 3 h OGD plus reoxygenation (lethal insult). Our results revealed that the mitochondrial depolarization induced by hypoxia activates Siah2 at the mitochondrial level and increases LC3-II protein expression, a marker of mitophagy, an effect counteracted by the reoxygenation phase. By contrast, hypoxia reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis, whereas its expression was increased after reoxygenation thus improving mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium content, and mitochondrial morphology, hence leading to neuroprotection in IPC. Furthermore, Siah2 silencing confirmed these results. Collectively, these findings indicate that the balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, due to the activation of the Siah2-E3-ligase, might play a role in IPC-induced neuroprotection.
Discovery of new topological insulators and semimetals using deep generative models
Authors: Hong Tao , Chen Taikang , Jin Dalong , Zhu Yu , Gao Heng , Zhao Kun , Zhang Tongyi , Ren Wei , Cao Guixin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Topological materials possess unique electronic properties and hold immense attraction to both fundamental physics research and practical applications. Over the past decades, the discovery of new topological materials has relied on the symmetry-based analysis of the quantum wave function. In this study, we propose an efficient inverse design method CTMT (CTMT: CDVAE, Topogivity, interatomic potentials (IAPs) as realized in M3GNet, and TQC) utilizing deep generative machine learning models to discover novel topological insulators and semimetals in a much-fast and low-cost manner. This method covers the entire process of new crystal structure generation, heuristic rule screening, fast stability estimation, and topology type diagnosis, resulting in 4 topological insulators and 16 topological semimetals. Especially, the newly discovered topological materials include several chiral Kramers-Weyl fermion semimetals and chiral materials with low symmetry, whose topology is previously considered challenging to discern. These findings demonstrate the capability of CTMT in discovering topological materials and its great potential for data-driven inverse design of advanced functional materials.
A structural health monitoring data reconstruction method based on VMD and SSA-optimized GRU model
Authors: Jia Xiaoliang , Zhang Guoyan , Wang Zhiqiang , Li Huacong , Hu Jing , Zhu Songlin , Liu Caiwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the field of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), complete datasets are fundamental for modal identification analysis and risk prediction. However, data loss due to sensor failures, transmission interruptions, or hardware issues is a common problem. To address this challenge, this study develops a method combining Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA)-optimized Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) for recovering structural response data. The methodology initially employs Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to preprocess and decompose the existing data from the target sensor into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and residuals. Subsequently, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network utilizes data from other sensors to reconstruct the IMFs and residuals, ultimately producing the data reconstruction results. During this process, Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the GRU network. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we utilized one month of monitoring data collected from a certain project and a publicly available dataset. On the public dataset, we tested performance at different data loss rates. Results show that, compared to a standalone GRU model and a VMD + GRU model, the VMD + SSA + GRU model’s reconstruction data root mean squared error is reduced by 46.61% and 32.57% on average, respectively, while the coefficient of determination increases by 38.74% and 18.50%. The data reconstruction method proposed in this study can accurately capture trends in missing data, without the need for manual hyperparameter tuning, and the reconstruction results are highly consistent with the real data.
Different keratoconus definitions can lead to substantial prevalence disparities in population-based studies
Authors: Shabani Hasan , van Dooren Bart T. H. , Meester-Smoor Magda A. , Geerards Annette A. J. M. , Klaver Caroline C. W. , Ramdas Wishal D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This report explores the prevalence of keratoconus in a population-based cohort of adults aged 40 or older according to ten different definitions. All Rotterdam Study participants with reliable Pentacam scans and no prior corneal refractive surgery were cross-sectionally analysed (n = 2660). First, we applied a novel evidence-based definition. Suspected keratoconus was defined as having at least one eye with a final D-index (BAD-D) ≥ 2.6. Manifest keratoconus was defined as having at least one eye with: (1) BAD-D ≥ 2.6; and (2) a score of at least 4/10 on the novel Rotterdam Keratoconus Scale (RKS); and (3) a confirming assessment of the relevant Pentacam maps; and (4) meeting Holladay’s criteria in case of recent contact lens usage. Using this proposed definition, 72 participants (2.71%, 95%CI: 2.16–3.40%) had suspected keratoconus, while 10 participants (0.38%, 95%CI: 0.20–0.69%) had manifest keratoconus. To assess reproducibility, two specialists independently applied the proposed definition, with a substantial inter-observer agreement (Kappa = 0.74). Interestingly, 6(60%) patients were unaware of having keratoconus. Applying nine alternative definitions from similar screening studies produced prevalence estimates ranging from 0.19 to 9.29% in the same cohort. Moreover, counting solely on a BAD-D cutoff of 2.6 to define keratoconus was unreliable, with a low positive predictive value of 14%. These findings explain partially the large heterogeneity in the reported keratoconus prevalences, underscoring the need for a standardized definition.