bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite lesions in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma with reference to clinicopathologic features
Authors: Okusaka Takuji , Okada Shuichi , Ueno Hideki , Ikeda Masafumi , Shimada Kazuaki , Yamamoto Junji , Kosuge Tomoo , Yamasaki Susumu , Fukushima Noriyoshi , Sakamoto Michiie 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is not rare to find satellite lesions in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the factors associated with satellite lesions in these patients.METHODSWe investigated the prevalence of satellite lesions, the relationship of clinicopathologic factors to satellite lesions, and the distance from the main tumor to the satellite lesion in 149 patients. Patients, who had a solitary HCC of 3.0 cm or less in diameter but no satellite lesions on preoperative imaging procedures, underwent potentially curative resection. The main tumors were macroscopically classified into four groups: early HCC, a vaguely nodular type showing preservation of the preexisting liver structure; single nodular type; single nodular type with extranodular growth; and confluent multinodular type.RESULTSOf 149 resected specimens, 28 (19%) showed satellite lesions. Of the clinicopathologic factors investigated, the macroscopic type and tumor differentiation were significantly associated with the prevalence of satellite lesions. Both the single nodular type with extranodular growth and the confluent multinodular type showed satellite lesions more frequently than the early HCC and the single nodular type. A significantly higher prevalence of satellite lesions was observed in poorly differentiated HCC than in well and moderately differentiated HCC. The satellite lesions were located 0.5 cm or less from the main tumor in 8 (33%) specimens, 0.6–1.0 cm in 12 (50%), and 1.1–2.0 cm in 4 (17%). No identifiable factors were significantly related to the distance from the main tumor to the satellite lesion. However, all satellite lesions located more than 1.0 cm from the main tumor coexisted with poorly differentiated HCC, which were the single nodular type with extranodular growth or the confluent multinodular type.CONCLUSIONIn the single nodular type with extranodular growth, confluent multinodular type, and poorly differentiated HCC, extensive treatment achieving a large safety margin and/or frequent posttreatment follow‐up examinations may be needed because of the high prevalence of satellite lesions. Cancer 2002;95:1931–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10892
Helicobacter pylori and the risk of benign and malignant biliary tract disease
Authors: Bulajic Milutin , Maisonneuve Patrick , Schneider‐Brachert Wulf , Müller Petra , Reischl Udo , Stimec Bojan , Lehn Norbert , Lowenfels Albert B. , Löhr Matthias 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe etiology of tumors arising in the biliary tract remains unclear. Several previous studies have detected Helicobacter pylori organisms in bile from patients with gallstones or cholecystitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between H. pylori in bile and biliary tract carcinoma.METHODSThe authors used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect the presence of H. pylori in the stomach and bile from 89 patients: Sixty‐three disease free patients had biliary calculi, 15 patients had carcinoma of the biliary tract, and 11 patients had neither gallstones nor carcinoma. Bile was considered to contain H. pylori only if the results of PCR determinations were positive in two or more samples assayed independently in two separate laboratories.RESULTSThere was a strong association between the presence of H. pylori in the stomach and in the bile (P ≤ 0.01). Biliary H. pylori was associated with age but not with gender, and it was associated strongly with the clinical diagnosis. Patients with gallstones were 3.5 times as likely to have H. pylori in the bile compared with patients in a control group (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.8–15.8; P = 0.100), and H. pylori was 9.9 times more frequent in patients with biliary tract carcinoma compared with patients in the control group (95%CI, 1.4–70.5; P = 0.022).CONCLUSIONSThere is a strong association between biliary tract carcinoma and H. pylori in bile. If these results are confirmed by prospective studies, H. pylori may be responsible for a significant proportion of malignant biliary tract disease. Cancer 2002;95:1946–53. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10893
Quantitative analysis of apoptosis‐related gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ikeguchi Masahide , Hirooka Yasuaki , Kaibara Nobuaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe suppression of apoptosis is an important factor in tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, to the authors knowledge the clinicopathologic importance of the expression of apoptosis‐related genes (bcl‐2, bax, and survivin) in HCC remains unclear. In the current study, the authors investigated the correlation between expression of apoptosis‐related genes and the occurrence of spontaneous apoptosis in HCC. In addition, the prognostic significance of the expression of apoptosis‐related genes in patients with HCC was analyzed.METHODSTissue samples were obtained through surgical resection of the liver in 53 patients with HCC and 5 patients without HCC. The expression levels of bcl‐2, bax, survivin, and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA were analyzed using real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The bcl‐2/bax ratio and survivin/GAPDH ratio of the tumors were compared with clinicopathologic findings. In addition, apoptotic tumor cells and the proliferative activity of tumor cells were detected using immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe bcl‐2/bax ratios of the tumors were not different from those of noncancerous liver tissue samples obtained from regions distant from the tumors and were not found to correlate with apoptosis or with clinical importance in HCC. In contrast, the survivin/GAPDH ratios of the tumors were significantly higher than those of noncancerous liver tissue and demonstrated a negative correlation with apoptosis and a positive correlation with the proliferative activity of tumor cells. Moreover, patients who had tumors with a high survivin/GAPDH ratio were found to have a high incidence of disease recurrence.CONCLUSIONSThe real‐time RT‐PCR method appears to be a useful technique with which to detect reliable gene expression in tissues, and the detection of survivin mRNA expression by this method may be a useful marker for identifying patients with HCC who have a high risk of disease recurrence. Cancer 2002;95:1938–45. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10898
Expression and immunogenicity of a tumor‐associated antigen, 90K/Mac‐2 binding protein, in lung carcinoma
Authors: Ozaki Yoshitomo , Kontani Keiichi , Hanaoka Jun , Chano Tokuhiro , Teramoto Koji , Tezuka Noriaki , Sawai Satoru , Fujino Shozo , Yoshiki Tatsuhiro , Okabe Hidetoshi , Ohkubo Iwao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors attempted to obtain shared proteins among lung carcinoma cells by column chromatographies. A glycoprotein with approximately 500 kDa isolated from QG56 cells showed an identical amino acid sequence to 90K/Mac‐2 binding protein (M2BP). This protein has been reported to be highly expressed and to modulate the expression of surface molecules involved in immune responses on cultured cancer cells. Therefore, it would be beneficial for M2BP to be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.METHODSThe authors analyzed the expression of M2BP in lung carcinoma cells and M2BP's immunogenicity as a tumor antigen. Eight cultured lung carcinoma cell lines and 28 tumor tissues from patients with lung carcinoma were examined for the expression of M2BP mRNA and protein. Sera from cancer patients (n = 23) and healthy donors (n = 19) were studied for their reactivity to M2BP peptides by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSSeven of the 8 (87.5%) lung carcinoma cell lines and 17 of the 28 (60.7%) tumor tissues expressed high levels of M2BP mRNA. Most of the M2BP mRNA‐positive cancer cell lines and tumors also showed M2BP protein expression. The serum levels of antibodies to M2BP were elevated in 30.4% of the patients. In addition, M2BP‐specific immunoglobulin G was observed in all patients with anti‐M2BP antibodies.CONCLUSIONSM2BP is highly expressed in lung carcinoma cells and is sufficiently immunogenic to elicit specific immunity to this molecule in patients with lung carcinoma. M2BP is expected to be useful as a tumor marker and a target antigen in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer 2002;95:1954–62. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10899
Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels have prognostic significance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia but not in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Aguayo Alvaro , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Estey Elihu H. , Giles Francis J. , Verstovsek Srdan , Manshouri Taghi , Gidel Christy , O'Brien Susan , Keating Michael J. , Albitar Maher 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are positive regulators of angiogenesis. Increased levels in urine, serum, plasma, or malignant tissue have been associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with solid tumors.METHODSThe authors used an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to measure VEGF and bFGF levels in plasma samples from 99 patients with previously untreated myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (n = 41 patients; 42%) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 58 patients; 58%) and compared the results with the results from a group of normal control participants.RESULTSIncreased expression levels of VEGF and bFGF were found in the plasma from patients with AML and MDS (P < 0.01) compared with the levels found in the control group. Plasma levels of VEGF in patients with AML or MDS were similar (median, 30.63 pg/mL and 34.41 pg/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in bFGF levels between patients with AML and patients with MDS (median, 6.38 pg/mL and 6.98 pg/mL, respectively). Elevated levels of VEGF were associated with reduced survival (P = 0.02) in patients with AML as well as lower complete remission (CR) rates (P = 0.004). Elevated VEGF levels were not associated with reduced remission duration (CRD) in patients with AML. There was no correlation between VEGF levels and survival, CRD, or CR rates in patients with MDS. There was no correlation between bFGF levels and CR rates or survival in patients with either AML or MDS.CONCLUSIONSPlasma VEGF levels have prognostic significance in patients with AML. The lack of clinical relevance of VEGF levels in patients with MDS suggests some biologic difference between AML and MDS. Cancer 2002;95:1923–30. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10900
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland
Authors: Heffess Clara S. , Wenig Bruce M. , Thompson Lester D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDClear cell tumors of the thyroid gland in general are uncommon. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a thyroid gland clear cell neoplasm to prevent misclassification, potentially resulting in inappropriate clinical management.METHODSThirty‐six cases of metastatic RCC to the thyroid were retrospectively retrieved from the files of the Endocrine Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.RESULTSThe tumors occurred in 22 women and 14 men, ages 53–80 years (mean, 64.9 years). Symptoms were present for a mean of 13.0 months. The tumors generally affected a single lobe of the thyroid gland as a solitary mass (n = 30; 83%), measuring 1.0–15.0 cm in diameter (mean, 3.8 cm). Histologically, the tumors were composed of polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, and small compact eccentric nuclei within a rich vascular network. Diastase‐sensitive, periodic acid–Schiff‐positive material (n = 22; 61%) and/or Oil Red O‐positive material (n = 5; 14%) were noted. Thyroglobulin immunohistochemistry was negative in the foci of metastatic RCC. Although the majority of the patients had documented previous evidence of an RCC (n = 23; 64%) as remotely as 21.8 years before the thyroid metastases (mean, 9.4 years), the metastatic tumor to the thyroid gland was the initial manifestation of RCC in 13 patients. The majority of patients (n = 23; 64%) died with disseminated disease (mean, 4.9 years), but 13 patients (36%) were alive or had died without evidence of disease (mean, 9.1 years).CONCLUSIONSIn the presence of a clear cell tumor of the thyroid gland, the diagnostic considerations must include metastatic RCC. The light microscopic features may suggest this possibility and the diagnosis can be established by supplemental histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Surgical treatment of the metastatic disease is suggested, as this may result in prolonged patient survival. Cancer 2002;95:1869–78. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10901
A phase I study of a weekly schedule of paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma
Authors: Akerley Wallace , Rathore Ritesh , Ready Neil , Leone Louis , Sikov William , Safran Howard , Kennedy Teresa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe conducted a Phase I study of weekly paclitaxel (P) and carboplatin (C) in patients with advanced malignancies to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination.METHODSDose levels were escalated independently for patients with and without previous chemotherapy exposure and advanced malignancies. Both agents were administered weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2‐week break per cycle. P, escalated to tolerance starting at 135 mg/m2 per week, and C, fixed dose at area under the curve (AUC) = 2 mg/mL/min, were administered to groups of three or six patients. Doses were modified for granulocyte counts less than 1800/μL or for neurotoxicity greater than Grade 1. MTD was defined as the highest dose level at which less than 50% of patients developed unacceptable toxicity and received more than 80% of the intended dose during the first cycle. Dose levels were escalated until these conditions were exceeded.RESULTSTwenty‐seven patients (12 patients with previous chemotherapy exposure and 15 chemotherapy‐naive patients) were examined for toxicity. Dose escalation was halted due to neutropenia and/or Grade 2/3 neuropathy in both arms. The MTD was P = 135/C = 2 for patients with previous chemotherapy exposure and P = 150/C = 2 for chemotherapy‐naive patients.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of P and C administered on a weekly schedule permits a two to threefoldenhancement of P dose intensity with full doses of C. Phase II trials of this regimen in patients with various malignancies are being evaluated to determine efficacy and tolerance. Cancer 2002;95:2000–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10902
Testicular carcinoma and HLA Class II genes
Authors: Sonneveld Dirk J. A. , Holzik Martijn F. Lutke , Nolte Ilja M. , Sleijfer Dirk Th. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Bruinenberg Marcel , Sijmons Rolf H. , Hoekstra Harald J. , Te Meerman Gerard J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe association with histocompatibility antigens (HLA), in particular Class II genes (DQB1, DRB1), has recently been suggested to be one of the genetic factors involved in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) development. The current study, which uses genotyping of microsatellite markers, was designed to replicate previous associations.METHODSIn 151 patients, along with controls comprising parents or spouses, the HLA region (particularly Class II) on chromosome 6p21 was genotyped for a set of 15 closely linked microsatellite markers.RESULTSIn both patients and controls, strong linkage disequilibrium was observed in the genotyped region, indicating that similar haplotypes are likely to be identical by descent. However, association analysis and the transmission disequilibrium test did not show significant results. Haplotype sharing statistics, a haplotype method that derives extra information from phase and single marker tests, did not show differences in haplotype sharing between patients and controls.CONCLUSIONThe current genotyping study did not confirm the previously reported association between HLA Class II genes and TGCT. As the HLA alleles for which associations were reported are also prevalent in the Dutch populations, these associations are likely to be nonexistent or much weaker than previously reported. Cancer 2002;95:1857–63. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10903
Association of proline‐directed protein kinase FA with tumorigenesis, invasion, and poor prognosis of human colon carcinoma
Authors: Chung Yuan‐Chiang , Chang King‐Jen , Yang Chuan‐Ching , Lai Ming‐Tsung , Hsu Chih‐Ping , Hsueh Sheng‐Feng , Peng Chien‐Chung , Fu Hsiao‐Hui , Chang Ya‐Fen , Yang Shiaw‐Der 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDInitial studies revealed that the multisubstrate proline‐directed protein kinase FA (PDPK FA) is overexpressed in various types of human carcinomas relative to normal controls. Suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA inhibits the growth of cancer cells, suggesting a role of this PDPK in human malignancy. In this study, we combine immunohistologic, molecular, cellular, animal, and clinicopathologic studies to demonstrate an essential and critical role of PDPK FA in progression and poor prognosis of human colon carcinoma.METHODSThe stable antisense clones of human colon carcinoma cells with specific suppression of PDPK FA were established for tumorigenesis and invasion studies. In immunohistologic and clinicopathologic studies, the expression and localization of PDPK FA were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of the specimens obtained from human colon carcinoma patients with Dukes Stage B/C.RESULTSInitial molecular and cellular studies revealed that the antisense clone of colon carcinoma cells (COLO‐205) with specific suppression of PDPK FA dramatically lost capabilities of adhesion, chemotaxis, and invasion when compared with the parental or control‐transfected colon carcinoma cells. This is the first indication of an association of overexpressed PDPK FA with colon carcinoma progression. In agreement with this notion, the in vivo study also revealed that the mice injected with the antisense clone with low‐level PDPK FA only developed very small tumors (< 0.5 cm3) even after a 6‐week observation. This is in contrast to the parental or control‐transfected cells that developed large tumors (> 5 cm3) under identical conditions. Pathologic evaluation revealed invasion to the muscle layer in all tumors formed by the parental cells. In contrast, there was no sign of invasion in mice injected with the antisense clone, confirming an essential role of PDPK FA in colon carcinoma progression. Clinicopathologic study also revealed that PDPK FA is preferentially overexpressed in the invasive area of colon carcinomatous tissues and overexpression of PDPK FA is statistically and closely correlated with venous/lymphatic infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of colon carcinoma patients with Dukes Stage B/C.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate an essential and critical role of overexpressed PDPK FA in progression and poor prognosis of colon carcinoma patients. Suppression of overexpressed PDPK FA may provide a new powerful adjuvant approach to prevent human colon carcinoma progression and poor prognosis after surgery and chemotherapy. Cancer 2002;95:1840–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10904
Intravenous gamma globulin inhibits the production of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in macrophages
Authors: Shapiro Sarah , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Gilburd Boris , Sobel Esther , Lahat Nitza 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDegradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for progression and metastasis of cancer cells. The ECM‐degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are produced mainly by intratumor monocytes/macrophages. MMPs, particularly MMP‐9, are reported to be of crucial significance for both growth and tumor invasiveness. Inhibition of the expression of MMP‐9 may prevent tumor development. High‐dose intravenous gamma globulins (IVIG) effectively inhibit metastatic spread of tumors in mice and humans and a variety of mechanisms have been suggested to explain this effect.METHODSWe studied the effect of purified IVIG on MMP‐9 secretion and mRNA expression by in vitro differentiated human monocytic cells (cell lines and peripheral blood monocytes). Zymography was employed to measure gelatinase secretion and Northern blot analysis was used to detect mRNA expression. Involvement of F(ab)2 and Fc components in IVIG activity was also evaluated.RESULTSIVIG dose dependently and significantly reduced the amount of secreted MMP‐9 and its mRNA expression. F(ab)2, but not Fc fragments, led to suppressed MMP‐9 activity. However, competitive experiments demonstrated that Fc, but not F(ab)2 fragments, reversed the IVIG‐induced inhibitory effects.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the whole IgG molecule may be needed for pertinent IVIG‐induced MMP‐9 down‐regulation. This study points to an additional new mechanism whereby IVIG may play a beneficial role in the prevention of tumor spread in humans. Cancer 2002;95:2032–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10905
Classical Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Brenner Baruch , Weissmann‐Brenner Alina , Rakowsky Erica , Weltfriend Sara , Fenig Eyal , Friedman‐Birnbaum Rachel , Sulkes Aaron , Linn Shai 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDClassical Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is a rare indolent neoplasm that is particularly prevalent among Jews of Ashkenazi and Mediterranean origin. Data regarding prognostic factors for CKS are scarce. The aim of the current retrospective analysis was to better define prognostic subgroups among patients with CKS.METHODSBetween 1960 and 1995, 248 consecutive patients with CKS were treated at the Rambam and Rabin Medical Centers in Israel. Although treatment options included local excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, observation alone was used for 31% of patients. For prognostic factor analysis, disease progression was classified as any progression and dissemination, and progression‐free survival was calculated for each.RESULTSAt a median follow‐up of 20 months, four patients (1.6%) died of CKS. Of the patients eligible for analysis, 94 of 220 (39%) had any progression and 23 of 120 (18%) had dissemination. Only 8 of 202 (4%) had visceral spread. On univariate analysis, age was a statistically significant prognostic factor for any progression (P= 0.04), whereas immunosuppression and visceral involvement at presentation had only borderline significance. Immunosuppression was the only prognostic factor for dissemination (P= 0.003). On multivariate analysis, both age and immunosuppression were significant prognostic factors for any progression (P= 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). Immunosuppression was also predictive of dissemination (P= 0.006).CONCLUSIONSImmunosuppression and older age (50 years and older) are strongly associated with poorer outcome among CKS patients. The two end points used in this study may be used for future prognostic factor analyses. Cancer 2002;95:1982–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10907