bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine Removal from Aquatic Environments by Magnetic Microrobots with Cyclodextrin Chiral Recognition Elements
Authors: Mayorga–Burrezo Paula , Mayorga–Martinez Carmen C. , Kuchař Martin , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe growing consumption of drugs of abuse together with the inefficiency of the current wastewater treatment plants toward their presence has resulted in an emergent class of pollutants. Thus, the development of alternative approaches to remediate this environmental threat is urgently needed. Microrobots, combining autonomous motion with great tunability for the development of specific tasks, have turned into promising candidates to take on the challenge. Here, hybrid urchin‐like hematite (α‐Fe2O3) microparticles carrying magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and surface functionalization with organic β‐cyclodextrin (CD) molecules are prepared with the aim of on‐the‐fly encapsulation of illicit drugs into the linked CD cavities of moving microrobots. The resulting mag‐CD microrobots are tested against methamphetamine (MA), proving their ability for the removal of this psychoactive substance. A dramatically enhanced capture of MA from water with active magnetically powered microrobots when compared with static passive CD‐modified particles is demonstrated. This work shows the advantages of enhanced mass transfer provided by the externally controlled magnetic navigation in microrobots that together with the versatility of their design is an efficient strategy to clean polluted waters.
Strong Oxidizing Molten Salts for Strengthening Structural Restoration Enabling Direct Regeneration of Spent Layered Cathode
Authors: Xiao Zhiming , Yang Yuxuan , Li Yizhuo , He Xinyou , Shen Jixue , Ye Long , Yu Fangyong , Zhang Bao , Ou Xing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs a mainstream technology for recycling spent lithium‐ion batteries, direct regeneration is rapidly developed due to its high efficiency and green characteristics. However, efficient reuse of spent LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 cathode is still a significant challenge, as the rock salt/spinel phase on the surface hinders the Li replenishment and phase transformation to the layered structure. In this work, the fundamental understanding of the repair mechanism is confirmed that the oxidizing atmosphere is the crucial factor that can greatly improve the rate and degree of phase restoration. Particularly, a ternary‐component molten salt system (LiOH‐Li2CO3‐LiNO3) is proposed for direct regeneration of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523), which can in situ generate the strong oxidizing intermediate of superoxide radicals. Additionally, it shows a liquid‐like reaction environment at a lower temperature to acceclerate the transport rate of superoxide‐ions. Therefore, the synergistic effect of LiOH‐Li2CO3‐LiNO3 system can strengthen the full restoration of rock salt/spinel phases and achieve the complete Li‐supplement. As anticipated, the regenerated NCM523 delivers a high cycling stability with a retention of 91.7% after 100 cycles, which is even competitive with the commercial NCM523. This strategy provides a facile approach for the complete recovery of layer structure cathode, demonstrating a unique perspective for the direct regeneration of spent lithium‐ion batteries.
On‐demand JSON: A better way to parse documents?
Authors: Keiser John , Lemire Daniel 
Published: January 2024

SummaryJSON is a popular standard for data interchange on the Internet. Ingesting JSON documents can be a performance bottleneck. A popular parsing strategy consists in converting the input text into a tree‐based data structure—sometimes called a Document Object Model or DOM. We designed and implemented a novel JSON parsing interface—called On‐Demand—that appears to the programmer like a conventional DOM‐based approach. However, the underlying implementation is a pointer iterating through the content, only materializing the results (objects, arrays, strings, numbers) lazily. On recent commodity processors, an implementation of our approach provides superior performance in multiple benchmarks. To ensure reproducibility, our work is freely available as open source software. Several systems use On Demand: for example, Apache Doris, the Node.js JavaScript runtime, Milvus, and Velox.
Comparative study of electro‐Fenton and photoelectro‐Fenton processes using a novel photocatalytic fuel cell electro‐Fenton system with g‐C3N4@N‐TiO2 and Ag/CNT@CF as electrodes
Authors: Ma Boya , Li Jinying , Yang Chunwei , Wang Dong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel photocatalytic fuel cell electro‐Fenton (PFC‐EF) system was constructed using g‐C3N4@N‐TNA and Ag/CNT@CF as electrodes. The composition, structure, and morphology of the electrodes were obtained. The g‐C3N4@N‐TNA, with its 2.37 eV band gap and 100 mV photovoltage, has excellent excitation properties for sunlight. Ag/CNT@CF with abundant pores, CNT 3D nanostructures, and Ag crystals on the surface can improve the electro‐Fenton efficiency. A comparative study of rhodamine B (RhB) degradation was performed in this system. It has been shown that electric fields can greatly enhance the oxidation efficiency of both anode photocatalysis and the cathode electro‐Fenton process. Under optimal conditions, RhB can be completely removed by the photoelectro‐Fenton (PEF) process. The energy consumption of the PEF system was obtained. The electrical energy per order (EE/O) is only 9.2 kWh/m3·order, which is only 16.5% of EF and 2.2% of PFC‐EF system. The mineralization current efficiency (MCE) of the PEF system reached 93.3% for a 2‐h reaction. Therefore, the PEF system has the advantage of saving energy. The kinetic analysis shows that the RhB removal follows a first‐order kinetic law, and the reaction rate constant reaches 0.1304 min−1, which is approximately 5.2 times larger and 4.0 times larger than the electro‐Fenton and PFC‐EF processes, respectively. RhB removal is a coupling multimechanism in which an electric field enhances photoelectron migration, Ag loading improves H2O2 generation, UV light coupled with H2O2 promotes hydroxyl radical (٠OH) generation, and the nanoconfinement effect of CNTs promotes ٠OH accumulation in favor of RhB degradation.Practitioner Points
Novel efficiency photocatalytic fuel cell electro‐Fenton system was constructed.
The electric field greatly enhances the photocatalytic fuel cell electro‐Fenton system.
Multiple coupling mechanisms of UV/H2O2, UV/Fenton and photo‐electro‐Fenton have been revealed.
Culls effective for reducing mute swans in New Jersey
Authors: Nichols Theodore C. , Clark Lisa A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMute swans (Cygnus olor) have increased in New Jersey at ~7%/yr since the mid‐1980s with the population peaking at 1,890 mute swans by 2005. Wildlife agencies have implemented management programs to reduce mute swan numbers to population objectives; however, evaluation of these programs is lacking. Given the detrimental impacts of mute swans on wetland habitats, we implemented a cull program in 2007 in New Jersey through shooting, mostly during mid‐summer, and focused cull efforts on key molting sites. Our primary objective was to measure the impact of culls on mute swan population trends. We also examined population response of mute swans at key molting sites over time after culls began. We conducted 61 field operations at 21 sites and culled 2,038 mute swans over 11 years. We achieved a mean annual statewide cull rate of 0.15 and reduced the 2005 mute swan population 56% by 2017. The statewide mute swan population declined (P = 0.038) at nearly 8%/yr following commencement of culls. Four heavily used molting sites comprised 79% of the mute swans culled and population response varied across the 4 key cull sites. We fit a linear model using a derived annual cull rate and mute swan abundance data to describe the effect of culls on population growth (λ) and determined that a cull rate >0.09 was required to reduce (λ < 1) the mute swan population in New Jersey. Our work should benefit wildlife agencies who are considering implementing mute swan management programs.
Two circular incompressible liquid inclusions
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe apply Muskhelishvili's complex variable method to solve the plane strain problem associated with two circular incompressible liquid inclusions embedded in an infinite isotropic elastic matrix subjected to uniform remote in‐plane normal stresses. An analytical solution to the problem is derived primarily with the aid of conformal mapping and analytic continuation. To demonstrate our analytical solution, we present detailed numerical results characterizing the internal uniform hydrostatic stresses within the two liquid inclusions, the nonuniform hoop stresses along the two circular liquid‐solid interfaces on the matrix side and the nonuniform rigid body rotations within the two circular liquid inclusions.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating adhesion molecules in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A. , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The availability of robust biomarkers of endothelial activation might enhance the identification of subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of cell adhesion molecules in RA patients.

Methods
We searched electronic databases from inception to 31 July 2023 for case–control studies assessing the circulating concentrations of immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules (vascular cell, VCAM-1, intercellular, ICAM-1, and platelet endothelial cell, PECAM-1, adhesion molecule-1) and selectins (E, L, and P selectin) in RA patients and healthy controls. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the JBI checklist and GRADE, respectively.

Results
In 39 studies, compared to controls, RA patients had significantly higher concentrations of ICAM-1 (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.81, 95% CI 0.62–1.00, p < 0.001; I2 = 83.0%, p < 0.001), VCAM-1 (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI 0.73–1.61, p < 0.001; I2 = 95.8%, p < 0.001), PECAM-1 (SMD = 0.82, 95% CI 0.57–1.08, p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.90), E-selectin (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.86, p < 0.001; I2 = 75.0%, p < 0.001), and P-selectin (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.50–1.60, p < 0.001; I2 = 84.8%, p < 0.001), but not L-selectin. In meta-regression and subgroup analysis, significant associations were observed between the effect size and use of glucocorticoids (ICAM-1), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (VCAM-1), study continent (VCAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin), and matrix assessed (P-selectin).

Conclusions
The results of our study support a significant role of cell adhesion molecules in mediating the interplay between RA and atherosclerosis. Further studies are warranted to determine whether the routine use of these biomarkers can facilitate the detection and management of early atherosclerosis in this patient group.
PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023466662.
Phenotype and predictors of insulin independence in adults presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Raubenheimer Peter J. , Skelton Joanna , Peya Bukiwe , Dave Joel A. , Levitt Naomi S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to describe the phenotype of adults presenting with a first episode of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Cape Town, South Africa, and identify predictors of insulin independence at 12 and 60 months after presentation.

Methods
A prospective, descriptive cohort study of all individuals, 18 years or older, presenting for the first time with DKA to four public-sector hospitals of the Groote Schuur Academic Health Complex was performed. Clinical, biochemical and laboratory data including GAD antibody and C-peptide status were collected at baseline. Insulin was systematically weaned and stopped in individuals who achieved normoglycaemia within the months after DKA. Individuals were followed for 12 months and then annually until 5 years after initial presentation with ketoacidosis.

Results
Eighty-eight individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes when presenting with DKA were included and followed for 5 years. The mean ± SD age was 35±10 years and the median (IQR) BMI at diagnosis was 28.5 (23.3–33.4) kg/m2. Overall, 46% were insulin independent 12 months after diagnosis and 26% remained insulin independent 5 years after presentation. Forty-one participants (47%) tested negative for anti-GAD and anti-IA-2 antibodies and had C-peptide levels >0.3 nmol/l; in this group, 68% were insulin independent at 12 months and 37% at 5 years after diagnosis. The presence of acanthosis nigricans was strongly associated with insulin independence (OR 27.1 [95% CI 7.2, 102.2]; p<0.001); a positive antibody status was associated with a lower likelihood of insulin independence at 12 months (OR 0.10 [95% CI 0.03, 0.36]; p<0.001). On multivariable analysis only acanthosis (OR 11.5 [95% CI 2.5, 53.2]; p=0.004) was predictive of insulin independence 5 years after diagnosis.

Conclusions/interpretation
The predominant phenotype of adults presenting with a first episode of DKA in Cape Town, South Africa, was that of ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes. These individuals presented with obesity, acanthosis nigricans, negative antibodies and normal C-peptide and could potentially be weaned off insulin at follow-up. Classic type 1 diabetes (lower weight, antibody positivity, low or unrecordable C-peptide levels and long-term insulin dependence) was less common. The simple clinical sign of acanthosis nigricans is a strong predictor of insulin independence at 12 months and 5 years after initial presentation.

Graphical Abstract
Domestic violence perception and gender stereotypes
Authors: Grembi Veronica , Rosso Anna C. , Barili Emilia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing a survey of more than 4500 Italian women, we address the link between gender stereotypes and perceptions of domestic violence. We define a new measure of stereotypes at the individual level and show that women with stronger stereotypes are less likely to state that violence is common in their area of residence and are more likely to classify physical violence as less severe than privacy breaches. This ranking is associated with a victim-blaming mindset among respondents with stronger stereotypes, who are also more likely to attribute violent behaviors to event-specific circumstances (e.g., economic distress) than to personal characteristics of abusers (e.g., psychological issues) and to advise a hypothetical victim not to react to violence.
Quantitative surface characterisation and stress concentration of additively manufactured NiTi lattice struts
Authors: Zheng Mengna , Ghabraie Kazem , Yang Yu-shuang , Elambasseril Joe , Xu Wei , Wang Yanan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the advancement of metal additive manufacturing (AM), lattice structures become a promising solution to situations that require lightweight design and yet maintain adequate mechanical strength. Limited by the quality of feedstock materials, the layer-wise process characteristic and the dynamic nature of thermal environment, lattice structures made by AM often suffer from process-induced imperfections such as poor surface finish and notable geometric deviation. In this study, systematic quantitative characterisation methods are developed to address surface quality and geometric discrepancy of NiTi lattice struts made by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), with a special focus on fatigue-related features such as stress concentration factors. The results show that for the examined strut diameters and inclination angles, the strut diameter plays a significant role in geometry inaccuracy and the inclination angle has a greater effect on surface texture and stress concentration factor distribution on the surface. Lattice struts with diameters greater than 0.7 mm and inclination angles over 40° with respect to the platform exhibit superior manufacturing quality among all configurations of the struts. The proposed approach not only opens a new avenue to evaluate μ-CT data in a more quantitative way but also offers opportunities to develop guidelines for lattice structure design.
Hyperbolic systems with non-diagonalisable principal part and variable multiplicities, III: singular coefficients
Authors: Garetto Claudia , Sabitbek Bolys 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper we continue the analysis of non-diagonalisable hyperbolic systems initiated in [25, 26]. Here we assume that the system has discontinuous coefficients or more in general distributional coefficients. Well-posedness is proven in the very weak sense for systems with singularities with respect to the space variable or the time variable. Consistency with the classical theory is proven in the case of smooth coefficients.
Gluten-free beer with unmalted millet
Authors: Dymchenko Alan , Kirilenko Yulia , Ochkolyas Olena , Bal-Prylypko Larysa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe possibility of using unmalted millet with the help of the enzymes for the production of gluten-free beer was investigated. The enzymes under different conditions were examined to completely saccharify the wort. The optimal conditions for enzymes activity were 85 °C 60 min for amylosubtilin and 60 °C 60 min for glucavamarin and β-glucanase. Since the gluten-free beverage has no colour, roasted buckwheat and boiled coffee as colourants were used. Sample with 30% roasted buckwheat showed good results in colouring the drink and had the best overall impression. Gluten-negative results were obtained for beer samples and all ingredients separately. Nevertheless, further improvements in brewing methods of gluten-free beer are needed. Almost all samples tasted more like cider than beer, without foam and with low pH values (3.5–3.8). The production of gluten-free beer provides an opportunity to attract new customers with gluten intolerance. Imperfect competition is a great advantage for manufacturers.
Localized Phase for the Erdős–Rényi Graph
Authors: Alt Johannes , Ducatez Raphael , Knowles Antti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe analyse the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of the Erdős–Rényi graph $${\mathbb {G}}(N,d/N)$$

G
(
N
,
d
/
N
)

for $$\sqrt{\log N} \ll d \lesssim \log N$$

log
N

≪
d
≲
log
N

. We show the existence of a localized phase, where each eigenvector is exponentially localized around a single vertex of the graph. This complements the completely delocalized phase previously established in Alt et al. (Commun Math Phys 388(1):507–579, 2021). For large enough d, we establish a mobility edge by showing that the localized phase extends up to the boundary of the delocalized phase. We derive explicit asymptotics for the localization length up to the mobility edge and characterize its divergence near the phase boundary. The proof is based on a rigorous verification of Mott’s criterion for localization, comparing the tunnelling amplitude between localization centres with the eigenvalue spacing. The first main ingredient is a new family of global approximate eigenvectors, for which sharp enough estimates on the tunnelling amplitude can be established. The second main ingredient is a lower bound on the spacing of approximate eigenvalues. It follows from an anticoncentration result for these discrete random variables, obtained by a recursive application of a self-improving anticoncentration estimate due to Kesten.
CRISPR/Cas9 system is a suitable gene targeting editing tool to filamentous fungus Monascus pilosus
Authors: Gong Yunxia , Li Shengfa , Liu Qianrui , Chen Fusheng , Shao Yanchun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Monascus pilosus has been used to produce lipid-lowering drugs rich in monacolin K (MK) for a long period. Genome mining reveals there are still many potential genes worth to be explored in this fungus. Thereby, efficient genetic manipulation tools will greatly accelerate this progress. In this study, we firstly developed the protocol to prepare protoplasts for recipient of CRISPR/Cas9 system. Subsequently, the vector and donor DNA were co-transformed into recipients (106 protoplasts/mL) to produce 60–80 transformants for one test. Three genes (mpclr4, mpdot1, and mplig4) related to DNA damage response (DDR) were selected to compare the gene replacement frequencies (GRFs) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system (CGES) in M. pilosus MS-1. The results revealed that GRF of CGES was approximately five times greater than that of ATMT, suggesting that CGES was superior to ATMT as a targeting gene editing tool in M. pilosus MS-1. The inactivation of mpclr4 promoted DDR via the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and increased the tolerances to DNA damaging agents. The inactivation of mpdot1 blocked DDR and led to the reduced tolerances to DNA damaging agents. The inactivation of mplig4 mainly blocked the NHEJ pathway and led to obviously reduced tolerances to DNA damaging agents. The submerged fermentation showed that the ability to produce MK in strain Δmpclr4 was improved by 52.6% compared to the wild type. This study provides an idea for more effective exploration of gene functions in Monascus strains.

Key points
• A protocol of high-quality protoplasts for CGES has been developed in M. pilosus.
• The GRF of CGES was about five times that of ATMT in M. pilosus.
• The yield of MK for Δmpclr4 was enhanced by 52.6% compared with the wild type.
A novel Escherichia coli cell–based bioreporter for quantification of salicylic acid in cosmetics
Authors: Kim Yeonhong , Jeon Yangwon , Jang Geupil , Kim Bong-Gyu , Yoon Youngdae 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Transcription factor–based bioreporters have been extensively studied for monitoring and detecting environmental toxicants. In Escherichia coli, the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) induces transcription upon binding to salicylic acid (SA). We generated SA-specific E. coli cell–based bioreporters utilizing the operator region of the mar operon and MarR as components of the reporter and sensing domains, respectively. Although bioreporters based on endogenous MarR and wild-type E. coli cells responded to SA, their sensitivity and selectivity were insufficient for practical sample monitoring. To improve these parameters, we genetically engineered host strains for optimal MarR expression, which enhanced the sensitivity of the biosensor to micromolar quantities of SA with increased selectivity. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the biosensor could quantify SA in environmental samples. For validation, the SA concentration in artificially contaminated SA-containing cosmetic samples was determined using the developed biosensor. Reliability assessment by comparing the concentrations determined using LC–MS/MS revealed > 90% accuracy of the bioreporters. Although bioreporters are not considered standard tools for environmental monitoring, bacterial cell–based bioreporters may serve as alternative tools owing to their affordability and simplicity. The SA biosensor developed in this study can potentially be a valuable tool for monitoring SA in environmental systems.

Key points
• SA-responsive bioreporter is generated by employing mar operon system in E. coli
• SA specificity and selectivity were enhanced by genetic/biochemical engineering
• The novel bioreporter would be valuable for SA monitoring in environmental systems