bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited adhesion of biodegradable microspheres to E‐ and P‐selectin under flow
Authors: Dickerson J. Bradley , Blackwell Jonathan E. , Ou Jao J. , Shinde Patil Vivek R. , Goetz Douglas J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a variety of disease settings the expression of the endothelial selectins E‐ and P‐selectin appears to be increased. This feature makes these molecules attractive targets around which to design directed drug‐delivery schemes. One possible approach for achieving such delivery is to use polymeric biodegradable microspheres bearing a humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb) for E‐ and P‐selectin, MAb HuEP5C7.g2. Perhaps the simplest technique for “coupling” HuEP5C7.g2 to the microspheres is via nonspecific adsorption. Previous studies suggest, however, that the adsorption of proteins onto microspheres fabricated in the presence of a stabilizer such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is limited. It is unclear to what extent this limited level of adsorbed HuEP5C7.g2 would be able to support adhesion to E‐ and P‐selectin under flow conditions. To explore this issue, we prepared microspheres from the biodegradable polymer, poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL), using a single emulsion process and PVA as a stabilizer. We then incubated the PCL microspheres with HuEP5C7.g2 and studied the adhesion of the resulting HuEP5C7.g2 microspheres to E‐ and P‐selectin under in vitro flow conditions. We found that the HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit specific adhesion to Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing P‐selectin (CHO‐P) and 4‐h IL‐1β–activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In contrast, HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit little adhesion to parental CHO cells or unactivated HUVEC. The attachment efficiency to the selectin substrates was quite low, with appreciable attachment occurring only at low shear (0.3 dyn/cm2). Other supporting data strongly suggest that the limited attachment efficiency is due to a low level of HuEP5C7.g2 adsorbed to the PCL microspheres. Although the attachment was limited, a significant percentage of the HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres were able to remain adherent at relatively high shear (8 dyn/cm2). Combined, our data suggest that HuEP5C7.g2 PCL microspheres exhibit selective limited adhesion to cellular substrate expressing E‐ and P‐selectin. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 500–509, 2001.
A chemostat culture as a tool for the improvement of a recombinant E. coli strain over‐producing penicillin G acylase
Authors: Marešová H. , Štěpánek V. , Kyslík P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe recombinant strain RE3(pKA18) of Escherichia coli constitutively overproduces penicillin G acylase (PGA) from plasmid‐borne gene pga. The host strain RE3 bears the same pga gene on its chromosome, the expression of which is controlled by the natural mechanism of induction with phenylacetic acid (PA). To evaluate the maximum biosynthetic capacity for PGA, induction of the chromosomal pga by PA was studied in a culture of the recombinant strain. PGA production by batch cultures of RE3(pKA18) and RE3 showed a different response to the addition of PA to the medium: while an addition of PA induces PGA in a culture of strain RE3 as expected, in recombinant cells it lowers the specific activity of PGA and a large amount of PGA is released into the culture medium. To improve the PGA production, the strain RE3(pKA18) was cultured in a carbon‐limited chemostat and subjected to selection pressure in a medium supplemented with phenylacetic acid amide (PAA). Phenylacetic acid amide served as a source of nitrogen, an inducer of PGA and a factor exerting positive selection pressure on the maintenance of the recombinant plasmid. After 130 generations of growth in the presence of the inducer, no recombinant strain with constitutive expression of the chromosomal gene pga was detected in the prevailing P+ subpopulation in the chemostat. Shake‐flask experiments with the parent recombinant strain RE3(pKA18), host strain RE3, chemostat evolvant ERE3(epKA18), the cured host ERE3 alone, and its derivative after retransformation with ancestral plasmid ERE3(pKA18) showed that inactivation of the plasmid‐borne pga by a frame‐shift mutation (plasmid epKA18) occurred in the plasmid‐bearing subpopulation accumulated in the chemostat. Marked adaptive changes evolved in the host ERE3 during a 130 generation culture: (1) the specific growth rate of the host increased by 30% in a medium without PA, (2) the copy number of plasmids pKA18 and epKA18 in the host cultured in PA‐free medium dropped by about 40%, and (3) the leakage of PGA from the cell in the presence of PA found in strain RE3(pKA18) was not observed in strain ERE3(pKA18). This new recombinant strain with modified traits was constructed by means of retransformation of the evolved host ERE3 with ancestral plasmid pKA18. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 46–52, 2001.
Resolution of enantiomers of DL‐amino acids on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure (—)‐quinine
Authors: Bhushan R. , Arora Meenakshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTLC resolution of enantiomers from racemic amino acids was achieved on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure (—)‐quinine. The successful solvent systems were butanol–chloroform–acetic acid (3:7:5, v/v) for DL‐methionine; 6:8:4, v/v for alanine; 10:1:4; v/v for threonine; and ethyl acetate–carbon tetrachloride–propionic acid (10.5:6.5:3.5, v/v) for valine. Minimum detection limits were found to be different for each of the amino acid, ranging between 0.9 and 3.7 µg. The effects of concentration of impregnating reagent, temperature and pH on resolution of enantiomers have been studied in details. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of an action system model to destructive behaviour: the examples of arson and terrorism
Authors: Fritzon Katarina , Canter David , Wilton Zoe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article argues that criminal and deviant behaviour can be productively viewed through an action system framework. The idea is developed by considering two forms of destructive behaviour: arson and barricade–hostage terrorist incidents. Two studies are presented. The first study tests the hypothesis that different forms of arson will reflect the four dominant states that an action system can take; integrative, expressive, conservative, and adaptive. A smallest space analysis was performed on 46 variables describing 230 cases of arson and the results identified the four themes of action system functioning. An examination of the personal characteristics of the arsonists also produced four variable groupings and a combined analysis of the four action scales and four characteristics scales also supported the structural hypothesis of the action system model. The second study applied the action system model to the study acts of terrorist barricade–hostage incidents. A smallest space analysis of 44 variables coded from 41 incidents again revealed four distinct forms of activity, which were psychologically similar to the four modes of arson identified in study one. Overall, these two studies provide support for the appropriateness of the action system framework as a way of classifying different forms of deviant behaviour. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic and clinical correlations of the lenticulostriate arteries
Authors: Marinković S. , Gibo H. , Milisavljević M. , Ćetković M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe authors examined the lenticulostriate (perforating) arteries in the vascular casts of 48 middle cerebral arteries (MCA), as well as in the MRI or CT scans of 32 patients with cerebral infarcts in the MCA territory. The lenticulostriate arteries ranged between two and 12 in number, and from 80 μm to 1,400 μm in size. They originated from the main trunk, terminal trunks, bifurcation site, and/or leptomeningeal branches of the MCA, either separately or from common trunks (70.8%). The extreme variations of the supplying region of the perforators were noted in seven anatomic specimens. In addition to the basal ganglia, the genu, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule, the lenticulostriate arteries seemed to supply only the rostral portion of the superior part of the posterior limb of the capsule. The patients presented with occlusion of all the lenticulostriate arteries, individual arteries, or only their twigs. Complete occlusion of these arteries resulted in a huge central hemispheric infarct. Occlusion of an individual artery most often caused a large ganglionic‐capsular infarct. The authors concluded that the lacunar infarcts usually follow occlusion of a terminal or a side branch of the lenticulostriate arteries. Clin. Anat. 14:190–195, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Community psychology: should there be a European perspective?
Authors: Francescato Donata , Tomai Manuela 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this era of globalisation community psychologists have to examine how globalisation patterns interact with local cultural norms, to find tools to promote a sense of community that fits a particular context. We cannot therefore acritically adopt for many European contexts, community psychology concepts and intervention strategies geared to USA values. The paper argues for the need to develop a European perspective in Community Psychology, built more on the European tradition of political concern for promoting social capital, besides an individual's freedom and autonomy. The paper attempts to identity some of the main differences that have emerged in the last decades between USA and European approaches to community psychology. It also describes two empowering tools, which integrate traditional and post modern views of science: community profiling and multidimensional organisational analysis, that have been used by European community psychologists to rebuild social capital in organisations and local communities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the Turkish population
Authors: Ömer Beyhan , Özbek Uğur , Akköse Ayfer , Kiliç Gamze 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCYP 2E1 is involved in metabolic activation of carcinogenic N‐nitrosamines, benzene, urethane and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 gene is present in the population in various polymorphic forms. We detected the RFLP of the human CYP2E1 gene with the restriction endonuclease PstI, RsaI and DraI in a group of 153 Turkish individuals. According to the results of the PstI/RsaI analysis, 96.07% of the subjects were of the c1/c1 genotype, and 3.93% were of the c1/c2 genotype. In the DraI RFLP analysis, 84.30% DD genotype, 15.03% CD genotype and 0.66% CC genotype were determined. The data obtained may be useful in epidemiological studies of the influence of CYP2E1 polymorphism on carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Same‐day transradial outpatient stenting with a 6‐hr course of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade: A feasibility study
Authors: Gilchrist Ian C. , Nickolaus Michelle J. , Momplaisir Thierry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the feasibility of same‐day outpatient stent placement using a short course of intravenous antiplatelet therapy. Patients (n = 26) had stent placement and 6 hr of eptifibatide therapy. Demographics, procedural information, CPK data, and length of stay were recorded along with postdischarge outcomes. Twenty‐one men and five women with median age of 60 years (49, 69) underwent transradial stenting. Baseline characteristics included diabetes 62%, hyperlipidemia 77%, prior coronary bypass surgery 19%, and unstable angina 35%. There were no CPK elevations (> 2 × normal) or ECG changes. Discharge occurred after 6.5 hr (5.8, 7.0). Neither vascular site complications nor readmission for procedure‐related problems occurred. One patient later expressed concerns about discharge education. Outpatient stent placement with 6‐hr infusion of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor appears feasible and efficient in select patients. There may be challenges to meet with regard to patient education. Further studies with larger populations are needed to evaluate and optimize this approach. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:10–13. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary angiography using 4 Fr catheters with acisted power injection: A randomized comparison to 6 Fr manual technique and early ambulation
Authors: Khoukaz Souheil , Kern Morton J. , Bitar Saad R. , Azrak Elie , Eisenhauer Michael , Wolford Thomas , El‐Shafei Amr 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoronary angiography using 4 Fr catheters may reduce access site complications, promote better utilization of outpatient facilities, but at a cost of suboptimal image quality. To determine whether 4 Fr diagnostic angiography with power injection (Acist, Minneapolis, MN) was equivalent to 6 Fr manual technique, 101 unselected patients were randomized to transfemoral coronary angiography with 4 or 6 Fr catheters. Procedural characteristics, angiographic quality scores, and results of 90 min ambulation were analyzed. Coronary angiographic quality scores using 4 Fr and 6 Fr catheters were equivalent (left coronary artery 4.73 ± 0.6 vs. 4.80 ± 0.65, P = 0.28; right coronary artery 4.98 ± 90.13 vs. 4.97 ± 0.16, P = 0.48). However, 4 Fr left ventriculographic image score was lower (4.53 ± 0.68 vs. 4.83 ± 0.42, P = 0.0002), attributed, in part, to a smaller injected contrast volume (32 ± 11 vs. 37 ± 4 mL, P = 0.001). The total study contrast volume was significantly less in the 4 Fr group (119 ± 35 vs. 159 ± 52 mL, P = 0.001). Complications related to early ambulation at 90 min were similar and minimal in both groups. Compared to 6 Fr manual contrast injection technique, diagnostic angiography through 4 Fr catheters with power contrast injection resulted in equivalent coronary angiographic image quality, slightly reduced but diagnostic left ventricular image quality, and significantly less contrast volume. Four Fr angiography facilitates early ambulation without compromising safety and image quality. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:393–398. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of ICHOR‐platelet works to assess platelet function in patients treated with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Authors: Lakkis Nasser M. , George Sima , Thomas Elson , Ali Mohamad , Guyer Kirk , Carville David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPlatelet glycoprotein GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been recently approved for use in treating patients with acute coronary syndromes and those undergoing PCI. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a new device, the ICHOR platelet works, to detect platelet inhibition in patients undergoing PCI and treated with abciximab or tirofiban. The study was conducted at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Thirty patients undergoing PCI and treated with abciximab (n = 10) or tirofiban (n = 20) are included. Blood samples were obtained before, at 30 min, at 4 hr, and at 12 hr after starting the GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors and 2 hr after discontinuation. Baseline studies revealed > 95% platelet aggregability in all patients after exposure to ADP (20 μM). After starting tirofiban, 82%, 83%, and 82% of platelets were inhibited at 30 min, 4 hr, and 12 hr. Platelet inhibition decreased to 43% 2 hr after discontinuation of tirofiban. Similarly, ICHOR platelet works detected 91%, 92%, and 85% platelet inhibition at 30 min, 4 hr, and 12 hr after starting abciximab, respectively. Platelet inhibition decreased to 73% 2 hr after discontinuation. The ICHOR platelet works is a promising, simple, and rapid bedside method that may have clinical utility in assessing platelet inhibition in patients treated with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:346–351. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stenting of coarctation of the aorta
Authors: Cheatham John P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess the usefulness of balloon expandable Palmaz intravascular stents in the transcatheter treatment of children and young adults with native and recurrent coarctation of the aorta, and to develop an improved intravascular stent and balloon delivery catheter specifically developed for vascular obstructions associated with congenital heart disease, including coarctation of the aorta. Twenty‐one patients, 8 native and 13 recurrent coarctations, were successfully treated with the Palmaz stent. However, limitations and disadvantages in stent design and the single balloon delivery system were uncovered. Therefore, the NuMED CP stent and BIB delivery catheter were developed and used to treat 25 patients with native (17) and recurrent (8) coarctation successfully. Improvements in stent design and long‐term follow‐up using three‐dimensional spiral CT scan will be helpful in determining the role of transcatheter stent therapy for native and recurrent coarctation of the aorta. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:112–125. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The low down on e‐science and grids for biology
Authors: Goble Carole 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Grid is touted as a next generation Internet/Web, designed primarily
to support e‐Science. I hope to shed some light on what the Grid is,
its purpose, and its potential impact on scientific practice in biology. The
key message is that biologists are already primarily working in a manner that
the Grid is intended to support. However, to ensure that the Grid's
good intentions are appropriate and fulfilled in practice, biologists must
become engaged in the process of its development. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Website Review: structural genomics on the web
Authors: Wixon Jo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this review we provide a brief guide to some of the resources and databases that can be used to locate information and aid research in the growing field of structural genomics. The review will provide examples, for less experienced users, of what can be achieved using a selection of the available sites. We hope that this will encourage you to use these sites to their full potential and whet your appetite to search for other related sites. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining genomics, metabolome analysis, and biochemical modelling to understand metabolic networks
Authors: Fiehn Oliver 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNow that complete genome sequences are available for a variety of organisms, the elucidation of gene functions involved in metabolism necessarily includes a better understanding of cellular responses upon mutations on all levels of gene products, mRNA, proteins, and metabolites. Such progress is essential since the observable properties of organisms – the phenotypes – are produced by the genotype in juxtaposition with the environment. Whereas much has been done to make mRNA and protein profiling possible, considerably less effort has been put into profiling the end products of gene expression, metabolites. To date, analytical approaches have been aimed primarily at the accurate quantification of a number of pre‐defined target metabolites, or at producing fingerprints of metabolic changes without individually determining metabolite identities. Neither of these approaches allows the formation of an in‐depth understanding of the biochemical behaviour within metabolic networks. Yet, by carefully choosing protocols for sample preparation and analytical techniques, a number of chemically different classes of compounds can be quantified simultaneously to enable such understanding. In this review, the terms describing various metabolite‐oriented approaches are given, and the differences among these approaches are outlined. Metabolite target analysis, metabolite profiling, metabolomics, and metabolic fingerprinting are considered. For each approach, a number of examples are given, and potential applications are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SAND, a new protein family: from nucleic acid to protein structure and function prediction
Authors: Cottage Amanda , Edwards Yvonne J. K. , Elgar Greg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs a result of genome, EST and cDNA sequencing projects, there are huge numbers of predicted and/or partially characterised protein sequences compared with a relatively small number of proteins with experimentally determined function and structure. Thus, there is a considerable attention focused on the accurate prediction of gene function and structure from sequence by using bioinformatics. In the course of our analysis of genomic sequence from Fugu rubripes, we identified a novel gene, SAND, with significant sequence identity to hypothetical proteins predicted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, a Drosophila melanogaster gene, and mouse and human cDNAs. Here we identify a further SAND homologue in human and Arabidopsis thaliana by use of standard computational tools. We describe the genomic organisation of SAND in these evolutionarily divergent species and identify sequence homologues from EST database searches confirming the expression of SAND in over 20 different eukaryotes. We confirm the expression of two different SAND paralogues in mammals and determine expression of one SAND in other vertebrates and eukaryotes. Furthermore, we predict structural properties of SAND, and characterise conserved sequence motifs in this protein family. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective carbon‐‐hydrogen insertion is an effective and efficient methodology for the synthesis of (r)‐(‐)‐baclofen
Authors: Doyle Michael P. , Hu Wenhao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA highly enantioselective methodology for the synthesis of the GABAB receptor agonist (R)‐(‐)‐baclofen is described. This synthesis begins with p‐chlorophenethyl alcohol and involves a catalytic carbon‐hydrogen insertion reaction of a chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidate with the corresponding diazoacetate (81% yield, 95% ee). Subsequent steps convert the intermediate γ‐lactone to (R)‐ (‐)‐baclofen in a 60% overall yield. The amount of catalyst required for the C–H insertion transformation is only 0.5 mol%. Chirality 14:169–172, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric catalytic ene‐cyclization approach to 2–fluoro‐19‐nor‐1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 A‐ring analog with significant transactivation activity
Authors: Mikami Koichi , Ohba Shiho , Ohmura Hirofumi , Kubodera Noboru , Nakagawa Kimie , Okano Toshio 
Published: August 2002

Abstract1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) has been shown to modulate not only proliferation and differentiation, but also apoptosis in malignant cells, indicating that it could be useful for the treatment of cancer and psoriasis. However, little information has been available on the binding conformation of the 1α,25(OH)2D3 molecule and its analogs with the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Therefore, we synthesized 2α‐fluorinated A‐ring analogs of 19‐nor‐1α,25(OH)2D3 in order to investigate the VDR‐binding conformation of the A‐rings on the basis of the 19F NMR analysis. The 2α–fluoro‐19‐nor‐1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 A‐ring analog thus synthesized via a asymmetric catalytic carbonyl‐ene cyclization, shows significant activity in transactivation. Chirality 13:366–371, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.