bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSIS OF INTRAUTERINE FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION BY SERIAL SERUM OXYTOCINASE, URINARY OESTROGEN AND SERUM HEAT STABLE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (HSAP) ESTIMATIONS IN UNCOMPLICATED AND HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Petrucco O. M. , Cellier K. , Fishtall A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial estimations of serum oxytocinase, urinary oestrogen and serum heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) were performed during pregnancy in normotensive and hypertensive patients.Patients delivered of growth retarded infants whether hypertensive or not, failed to show the progressive increase in serum oxytocinase. urinary oestrogen and serum HSAP seen in the group of patients delivered of normal infants. By using the regression coefficient (x1) of log10 enzyme or hormone concentration on time of gestation and the mean value (x1) for each patient, linear discriminant functions of the form Z = a1 x1+a2x2+C were derived and satisfactory prediction of intrauterine fetal growth retardation was achieved over two time intervals, namely 28 to 35.5 weeks and 34 to 40 weeks gestation.Serum oxytocinase was found to be superior to urinary oestrogen assays for the prediction of intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Serum HSAP estimations carried out on a smaller number of patients were less useful for this purpose. By combining the urinary oestrogen and serum oxytocinase results into a single discriminant function, normal fetal growth was predicted in 33 out of 37 patients and intrauterine fetal growth retardation in 21 out of 22 patients studied between 34 to 40 weeks gestation.
A COMPARISON OF THE EARLY AND LATE EFFECTS OF SUBCUTANEOUS SYMPHYSIOTOMY AND OF LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Hartfield V. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and five women who had a subcutaneous symphysiotomy were compared with 105 women who had a first lower segment Caesarean section. All operations were performed for cephalopelvic disproportion during the years 1961 to 1969. The perinatal mortality for both operations was the same when they were performed for similar indications. There were two maternal deaths after Caesarean section and one after symphysiotomy. In 1971, 109 of the 207 survivors were interviewed and 29 other women were known to be alive. No difference was noted between non‐pregnant women who had had a properly performed symphysiotomy and those who had had a lower segment Caesarean section. Subsequent fertility was similar, but delivery was more often associated with problems in the Caesarean section group. In the economic and social conditions prevailing in some developing countries it would be beneficial if subcutaneous symphysiotomy were to replace lower segment Caesarean section in cases of moderate cephalopelvic disproportion.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIAMINE OXIDASE IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND SERUM IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY RHESUS ISO‐IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Ward Humphry , Whyley G. A. , Millar M. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDiamine oxidase (DAO) was estimated in the amniotic fluid and serum of 65 women, 28 of whom had rhesus iso‐immunization. There was a wide scatter of values throughout normal pregnancy. Initially, DAO values in amniotic fluid were lower than in serum, but later in pregnancy the pattern was reversed. The DAO level in amniotic fluid did not correlate with the severity of the rhesus iso‐immunization but the mean level in severe disease when the baby survived was significantly higher than that found in patients with unaffected pregnancies. Fetal outcome also made a significant difference to amniotic fluid DAO levels. The amniotic fluid/serum DAO ratio showed a significantly higher value in the severely affected pregnancies than in those unaffected by rhesus iso‐immunization. A correlation existed between the ratio and the optical density difference (A) at 450 mp. It is suggested that the amniotic fluid/serum DAO ratio taken in conjunction with the A 450 mp peak might provide a guide to the ultimate outcome for the fetus.
HUMAN UTERINE FLUlD POTASSIUM AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Clemetson C. A. B. , Kim J. K. , De Jesus T. P. S. , Mallikarjuneswara V. R. , Wilds J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHuman uterine fluid was obtained from women at laparotomy by a new technique which avoids contamination by cervical and tuba1 fluids.The potassium (K+) concentration of the uterine fluid rose from 17.9 mEq./l. in the follicular phase to 33.7 mEq./l. in the luteal phase (p<0.00l). However, there was a decreased uterine fluid volume in the luteal phase and the total potassium content of the fluid was not increased, suggesting reabsorption of sodium and water rather than the secretion of more potassium.The high uterine fluid K+ concentration, which may reach 39 mEq./l. in the mid‐luteal phase, presumably provides a suitable medium for the blastocyst; there are also reasons for believing that the high K+ concentration of the luminal fluid will reduce the membrane potential of the endometrium, that this will facilitate blastocyst‐endometrial contact and may be essential for blastocyst‐endometrial adhesion.
SPECULATIONS ABOUT MORTALITY TRENDS FROM VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE IN ENGLAND AND WALES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE PATTERN OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USAGE
Authors: Vessey Martin P. , Inman W. H. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe mortality trends from venous thromboembolic disease in England and Wales for the years 1953 to 1971 have been reviewed in the light of the results of epidemiological studies of the relationship between oral contraceptives and fatal venous thromboembolism, and the pattern of use of oral contraceptives. It is concluded that the mortality trends are compatible with the findings in the epidemiological studies, but that confirmation of a reduction in risk following the implementation of the recommendation by the Committee on Safety of Drugs in December I969 concerning oral contraceptives containing oestrogens must depend on other studies currently in progress.
THE INFLUENCE OF REMOVAL OF THE FETAL RAT BRAlN UPON INTRAUTERINE GROWTH OF THE FETUS AND THE PLACENTA AND ON GESTATION LENGTH
Authors: Swaab D. F. , Honnebier W. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn order to study the influence of the fetal rat brain on the intrauterine growth of fetus and placenta, fetal and placental weights were first determined in control rats from day 17 up to day 21 of pregnancy; fetal weight appeared to increase in nearly linear fashion between days 17 and 21. Although placental weight increased steadily up to day 21, this increase was very small during the last days of pregnancy. Subsequently a simple technique was developed to aspirate the fetal rat brain in utero.A remarkable reduction of fetal growth was found on day 21 after fetal brain aspiration on day 18 or 19 of pregnancy. Placental weight appeared to remain static or even decreased after fetal brain aspiration on day 18 or day 19. The placental index increased after fetal brain aspiration. These effects, which appeared not to be caused by fetal blood loss, were similar to findings in pregnancies complicated by an anencephalic infant.Gestation length was not prolonged in rats treated by fetal brain aspiration, and the contraction phase started even earlier in rats who had fetal brain aspiration on day 19. Expulsion of the first fetus took place after the same gestation length in unaffected controls, sham‐operated rats and rats who had fetal brain aspiration.
PROSTAGLANDIN F2α LEVELS IN THE MATERNAL AND FETAL CIRCULATIONS IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Craft I. L. , Scrivener R. , Dewhurst C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels were determined in the maternal and fetal circulation in late pregnancy. PGF2α was significantly higher in the umbilical artery and vein than in maternal peripheral venous blood at normal delivery and elective Caesarean section. There was no significant arterio‐venous difference in the umbilical blood. Although the findings suggest PGF2α production in the fetoplacental unit, they do not indicate this source contributes to the initiation or maintenance of labour.
THE EFFECT OF METALLIC COPPER ON HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTJVITY
Authors: Wilson E. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHomogenates of human endometrium from different stages of the menstrual cycle were incubated with strips of copper foil and with cupric ions. The alkaline photophatase activity in homogenates exposed to metallic copper was reduced only during the secretory phase of the cycle; dissolution of the metallic copper was greater in the secretory phase than in the proliferative phase. Cupric ions inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity at all phases of the cycle.
A STUDY OF PATIENTS PREVIOUSLY TREATED FOR IN SITU CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Davidson Christine , Taylor Claud W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA histological diagnosis of in situ carcinoma of the cervix had been made in 53 women whose initial surgery had varied in extent and whose follow‐up had been inadequate. From two to twelve years after surgery there was no evidence of carcinoma of the cervix in 46 patients who had a hysterectomy or amputation of the cervix but in 7 patients who had limited surgery, carcinoma was again found in the cervix. In three the carcinoma remained intra‐epithelial, in three there was occult invasive carcinoma and in one there was clinically invasive carcinoma which proved fatal.In 70 more recent cases with adequate follow‐up, carcinoma of the cervix was detected in seven patients within a few months of the initial surgery. In each case the carcinoma was still intra‐epithelial and the operation had been a cone biopsy of the cervix. No carcinoma was detected in the women who had had a hysterectomy or amputation of the cervix.
INDUCTION OF HEPATIC ENZYMES DURING NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Davis M. , Simmons C. J. , Dordoni B. , Maxwell J. D. , Williams Roger 
Published: August 2005

SummaryStimulation of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity, a process known as enzyme induction, occurs in response to high levels of progesterones in animals. The urinary output of D‐glucaric acid, which is an indirect measure of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity, has been measured in 142 healthy women at different stages of pregnancy. Urinary D‐glucaric acid output rose progressively from the 12th week until delivery, with a gradual fall to normal levels by the 6th week post partum. Twenty‐five women who had been taking oral contraceptives for at least a year had normal outputs of D‐glucaric acid. The possible significance of enzyme induction in pregnancy is discussed.
ALPHA FETOPROTEIN AND HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN LEVELS IN MATERNAL SERUM 1N MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES
Authors: Garoff Leena , Seppäuläu Markku 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAlpha fetoprotein (AFP) and human placental lactogen (HPL) concentrations were measured in maternal serum by radioimmunoassay. Compared with normal single pregnancies, both AFP and HPL concentrations were elevated in multiple pregnancies. Among twin pregnancies, AFP levels exceeding the normal 97.5th centile were associated with intrauterine fetal death in 4 of 7 cases, while fetal death occurred in only 1 of 12 where the maternal AFP concentration was normal. HPL levels in twin pregnancies were below the normal median if the fetus died in utero. The combined efficacy of both AFP and HPL levels in the monitoring of twin pregnancies was assessed. The efficacy of either marker was increased by the concomitant application of the other.
SEROMUCOID AND ALBUMIN LEVELS IN MATERNAL AND CORD SERUM IN RELATION TO OBSTETRIC STRESS
Authors: Good W. , Cochran T. E. , Macdonald H. N. , Cumberbatch K. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe perchloric acid‐soluble glycoproteins of serum (seromucoid), a serum protein sub‐fraction which increases dramatically, together with a fall in serum albumin, in a wide variety of clinical situations, including clinical stress, was examined in relation to the stress of parturition. The results indicated that while the clinical stress response is not necessarily absent during childbirth, the profound changes in the amount and distribution of body fluid which occur at this time effectively mask any stress response that may have been invoked. Cord serum was also examined in this context and contained higher levels of albumin and considerably lower levels of seromucoid than maternal serum.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE MAJOR PROTEINS IN AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Sutcliffe R. G. , Brock D. J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe nature of soluble proteins in human amniotic fluid has been investigated by immunizing rabbits with concentrated amniotic fluid obtained from patients at various stages of pregnancy. The resulting antisera showed that in all cases the majority of the immune response to amniotic fluid was directed against proteins of serum origin, with albumin, α1‐antitrypsin, group‐specific component and transferrin being quantitatively most important. During gestation the concentration changes of these proteins were found to be similar to those of the total soluble protein. The maternal serum: amniotic fluid concentration ratios for albumin, α1‐antitrypsin and transferrin were similar to that found for group‐specific component (known to be of maternal origin), whilst the fetal serum: amniotic fluid concentration ratios for these four proteins were considerably less than that found for α‐fetoprotein (of fetal origin). From this and other data it is concluded that from ten weeks of gestation onwards the major soluble protein in amniotic fluid is primarily of maternal serum origin.
FASTING SERUM LIPIDS AND SERUM LIPOPROTEIN DISTRIBUTION DURING ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE THERAPY IN NIGERIANS
Authors: Kuku Stephen B. , Akinyanju Popo A. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum total cholesterol, cholesterol esters and lipoprotein components were estimated in controls and in patients who had been on Orthonovin (containing 1 mg. of norethisterone and 0 . 05 mg. of mestranol) and Ovral (containing 0 . 5 mg. of norgestrol and 0.05 mg. of ethinyl oestradiol) for periods ranging from 3 weeks to 100 weeks. The serum total cholesterol level was higher in the patients on oral contraceptives than in the controls, and the increase occurred predominantly in the cholesterol ester fraction. The rise in serum triglyceride level was more striking than that in serum cholesterol. This increase was reflected in a significant rise in the pre‐β‐lipoprotein fraction. The β‐lipoprotein fraction was also significantly elevated while the α‐lipoprotein fraction was diminished. Massive hyperlipemia was seen in 10 per cent of the patients. No significant difference was seen between the effects of Orthonovin and Ovral upon blood lipids.
UNILATERAL HYDROURETER AND HYDRONEPHROSIS WITH HYPERTENSION DUE TO ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Greenhalf J. O. , De Vere R. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case is presented of unilateral ureteric obstruction, with hypertension, due to extrinsic endometrosis successfully treated by pelvic radical surgery and ureteric lysis.
RAPID ENLARGEMENT OF A UTERINE FIBROID AFTER CLOMIPHENE THERAPY
Authors: Frankel Toby , Benjamin Fred 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case report is presented of a patient who was given clomiphene and soon afterwards was admitted to hospital with acute retention of urine due to impaction in the pelvis of a fibroid which had enlarged rapidly. The authors have been unable to locate a similar previous report.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE HUMAN PLACENTA AND DECIDUAL SPIRAL ARTERIES IN NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Sheppard B. L. , Bonnar John 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe spiral arteries supplying the human placenta at full term were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The technique employed allowed a detailed study of the surface structure of the terminal part of the vessels and the openings into the intervillous space of the placenta. Cells of two distinctly different sizes were found lining the internal surface of the spiral arteries and identified as endothelium and cytotrophoblast cells. The cytotrophoblast cells were also observed in the lumen of the spiral arteries. The surface of the basal villi of the placenta had a spongy appearance due to the abundant microvilli of the cytotrophoblast.The close association of the maternal and fetal circulation was demonstrated and, in some places, the barrier between the maternal and the fetal blood supplies consisted of a single layer of syncytiotrophoblast. Further studies of the maternal vasculature supplying the human placenta may elucidate the nature of the occlusive vascular process which results in placental infarction and fetal growth retardation.
PLASMA PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL‐17β CHANGES DURING ABORTION INDUCED BY PROSTAGLANDIN F2α
Authors: Tyack A. J. , Lambadarios Carol , Parsons R. J. , Stewart C. R. , Cooke I. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma levels of progesterone and oestradiol‐17β were measured using radio‐immunoassay methods in 52 blood samples obtained from 10 women aborting after intra‐amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2α. Mean falls in plasma progesterone of 55.7 per cent and in oestradiol‐17β of 46.6 per cent were noted. There was a highly significant correlation between falling concentrations of both steroids and the instillation‐abortion interval (p<0.001).
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CONFIGURATION OF THE FETAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAM BEFORE AND DURING LABOUR
Authors: Lee K. H. , Blackwell R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe fetal electrocardiogram configuration recorded by direct fetal electrode was studied in 32 patients during labour. The PR interval, QRS interval, QT interval corrected for heart rate, R/P and R/S amplitude ratios and the fetal cardiac axis were measured and were similar in recordings made before labour, between or during uterine contractions, or during the second stage of labour. With baseline fetal tachycardia of over 160 beats per minute the mean QRS interval was significantly prolonged and the cardiac axis shifted to the right. During deceleration of the fetal heart rate the mean PR interval and corrected QT interval were significantly shortened and the cardiac axis deviated to the left. During severe deceleration the P wave might be inverted or absent. Notches in the P wave or R wave had no relation to the condition of the infant at birth. Likewise, fetal extrasystoles were not associated with hypoxia as measured by Apgar scores at one minute.
ETHANOL AND ACETALDEHYDE IN THE MILK AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF LACTATING WOMEN AFTER ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Kesäniemi Y. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEthanol and acetaldehyde were measured in the milk and peripheral blood of lactating women at various intervals after drinking ethanol. The results of the present study support the earlier findings that ethanol reaches human milk in a similar concentration to that in the peripheral blood, decreasing together with the decreasing ethanol content of the blood. On the other hand, no acetaldehyde was found in the milk, even though considerable amounts were measured in the blood. The amount of ethanol that a suckling could receive during maternal ethanol metabolism is shown to be relatively low and unlikely to cause harmful effects when maternal use of alcohol is temporary.
LOW DOSAGE ANTI‐D IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN THE PREVENTION OF RHESUS ISOIMMUNIZATION
Authors: Massi G. B. , Mello G. , Curiel P. , Carapella Erminia 
Published: August 2005

SummaryImmediately after delivery of a rhesus positive child, a dose of 100 to 125 μg. of anti‐D immunoglobulin was given to 838 rhesus negative mothers in whom a Kleihauer test showed either no fetal cells or suggested a transplacental haemorrhage (TPH) of less than 0.25 ml. Out of 523 patients tested at six months after delivery only one (0.19 per cent) was found to have anti‐D antibodies. Sixty women had a further pregnancy and delivered a rhesus positive child. None developed anti‐D antibodies and all children were unaffected by rhesus isoimmunization. A dose of 100 to 125 μg. of anti‐D immunoglobulin proved effective in reducing rhesus isoimmunization in rhesus negative women with minimal TPH but since a large TPH is rare, such a dose is probably sufficient in 98 per cent of cases.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY AFTER CADAVERIC RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Robertson J. G. , Cockburn F. , Woodruff Michael 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA successful pregnancy following kidney transplantation ended in the infant being delivered by Caesarean section at 32 weeks, after the premature onset of labour. The child was normal and the mother's renal function returned to its pre‐pregnancy state.
EFFECT OF A SYSTEMICALLY ADMINISTERED PROGESTOGEN ON HISTOPATHOLOGY OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: John A. Howard , Cornes J. S. , Jackson Warwick D. , Bye Patrick 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn twenty patients, Stage I endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed by curettage and treated with gestonorone caproate given systemically, prior to hysterectomy. The histological appearances of the tumours before and after treatment were compared and were related to the total dose of progestogen given. In general, regression of the tumour was noted together with increase in differentiation, particularly of tumours initially showing some degree of differentiation. The future of progestogens in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma is discussed.
PLASMA OESTRADIOL RESPONSE TO SYNTHETIC FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE/LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE IN PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Katz M. , Carr P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma oestradiol showed a two‐ to three‐fold rise above the mean basal level by six hours after a single intravenous injection of synthetic Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Hormone (LH‐RH/FSH‐RH) in nine out of twelve patients with secondary amenorrhoea. Of the remaining three patients, two had persistently high basal plasma gonadotrophins in keeping with a diagnosis of premature menopause and one patient had secondary amenorrhoea of seven years' duration. It is suggested that a six‐hour plasma oestradiol estimate be used as the endpoint of the LH‐RH/FSH‐RH test in order to assess the pituitary‐ovarian axis. If a less than two‐fold increase in plasma oestradiol is found, pituitary reserve can be more intensively studied by assaying plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
TRANSFER FACTOR THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Grob P. J. , Wüthrich B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 32‐year‐old patient with chronic vaginal candidiasis was treated with 8 units of Transfer Factor (TF). Smears and cultures for Candida albicans became negative. Vaginal discharge and itching ceased, and the clinical condition of the vagina improved. Formerly negative delayed type skin tests with candidin converted to positive and Candida lymphocyte stimulation became measurable, suggesting that a defective cellular immunity towards Candida aas restored by TF. Candidiasis reappeared a few months after the last dose of TF when measurable cellular immunity towards candidin was still present. The condition responded rapidly to a local treatment with 5‐fluoro‐cytosin.
ELEVATED AMNIOTIC ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN IN CONGENITAL OESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA
Authors: Seppälä Markku , Laes Esko , Harvo‐Noponen Marja 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case is reported of congenital oesophageal atresia with a broncho‐oesophageal fistula associated with an elevated alpha‐fetoprotein level in amniotic fluid at 34 and 35 weeks of gestation. The mechanism by which this level may become elevated if the fetus has oesophageal atresia is discussed.