bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMS Missionaries and Revivalism
Authors: Rohrer James R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 1798, less than two months after the creation of the Connecticut Missionary Society, the Reverend Samuel J. Mills of Torringford noticed “unusual religious appearances” among his flock. The young people began to meet weekly by themselves for prayer and spiritual exercises, “an event so extraordinary” that it soon “excited a spirit of general inquiry throughout the society.” By the autumn it was evident that God was reviving the Church at Torringford. A remarkable “solemnity appeared on the countenances” of the people, Mills wrote in a narrative published in the Connecticut Evangelical Magazine. “They found their hearts so much opposed to God, and to his law and to his gospel, as to see that nothing short of divine power could ever subdue them.” Filled with a terrible anxiety about their sinful condition, many professors of religion now feared that their previous hopes of salvation had been grounded upon false impressions. For more than a year the “seriousness” and “solemnity” prevailed in Torringford, humbling the proud and hard-hearted, disturbing the lukewarm and the comfortable, and finally reconciling dozens of awakened sinners to the sovereignty of God and “the duties of unconditional submission and disinterested affection.” Mills, an earnest Edwardsean who had long prayed for a revival of religion, was amazed by the power of this divine outpouring of grace. “Such a day as this, Sir, we never even dreamt of,” he observed to Thomas Robbins in the fall of 1799. “It is the Lord’s doings & marvelous in our eyes.”
Sources of Noise
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A typical scanning force microscope consists of a lever and its force-sensing tip, a bimorph, and a tip deflection probe with its amplifier, each of which contributes noise to the system. We present the primary sources of laser-diode noise (Petermann 1988 and Agrawal and Dutta 1986) including shot, intensity, and phase noise, which is converted into amplitude noise in an interferometric configuration. Next, we address the thermal noise of the lever and the limiting effect it has on the sensitivity of the measurements. We then discuss the noise of the bimorph supporting the lever and present experimental results where these noise contributions have been measured.
Capacitance Detection System
Authors: Sarid Dror 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Figure 5.1 is a schematic of a capacitance detection system where the minute deflections of a lever supporting a force-sensing tip are monitored by the capacitance of the lever and a reference plate. This chapter reviews four implementations of such a system, all of which use a high-Q-tuned electronic circuit to measure the small changes in the capacitance. One can operate on the slope of the electronic resonance curve of the circuit, where small resonance frequency changes caused by changes in the capacitance translate into voltage changes that are used to map the capacitance across the sample. To enhance the sensitivity of the system, the lever can be vibrated on the slope of its mechanical resonance curve, so that small changes in the force derivative acting on the lever vary its amplitude of vibration. Consequently, the oscillating voltage of the electronically tuned circuit will be amplitude modulated by the vibration of the lever, making it possible to map the force derivative across a sample.
Introduction
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many dozens of Greek comic dramatists whose names are recorded in ancient sources, only two are known to us directly through plays preserved in whole or in substantial fragments: Aristophanes and Menander.1 Both were Athenians. Aristophanes’ productive career dates to the last quarter of the fifth century B.c. and the first decade of the fourth. During most of his active life, Athens was engaged in the conflict with Sparta and her allies known as the Peloponnesian War, which culminated in Athens’ defeat and surrender. Menander produced his comedies in the late fourth and early third centuries, when the conquests of Alexander the Great had transformed life in the Greek city states. He experienced the ten-year reign of the philosophically minded Demetrius of Phalerum, who ruled the city with the support of a foreign garrison from 317 to 307B.c., and the subsequent restoration of the democratic constitution by Demetrius, the son of Antigonus.
Frogs
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of Frogs, Dionysus, moved by his reading of Euripides’ Andromeda, decides to retrieve the recently dead poet from the under¬ world. After he reaches Hades, Dionysus learns that a contest is under way between Euripides and Aeschylus for the title of best poet. Dionysus, installed as judge, decides in favor of Aeschylus and brings him-not Euripides-back to Athens. Critics have proposed various explanations for this shift in plan. According to an early view, Aristophanes began working on Frogs after Euripides’ death in Macedon, but while Sophocles was still alive. Upon Sophocles’ death in 405 B.c., Aristophanes revised his original intention, which was the recovery of Euripides, in order to take up the general question of poetic values now that the last of the three great tragedians was gone. The accident by which Dionysus arrives in Hades just as a contest is in progress allows for an easy transition from the first theme to the second. References early in the play to the death of Sophocles are, on this view, later insertions designed to bring the two halves into line.
Shorn Girl
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Menander’s Shorn Girl (Perikeiromene) is very likely set in Corinth,1 although one cannot rule out entirely some other location: not necessarily Athens,2 but perhaps a city near Corinth, where marriage be¬ tween a male citizen of Corinth and a free woman of the city in which the dramatic action takes place is not absolutely excluded.3 Certainty is impossible, since the play survives in fragmentary condition and the opening scene is missing. Glycera, the “shorn girl” of the title, has been living as a concubine (pallake) with Polemo, a mercenary soldier. In a house next door (or next door but one)4 dwells her brother Moschio, who is being raised as the son of Myrrhine and her husband, a prosperous citizen couple. Maschio is ignorant of his foundling status and of his relationship to Glycera.5 Glycera, however, was raised by the old woman who discovered her brother and her when they were abandoned as infants; this woman passed Glycera off as her own daughter (130-31) when she gave her over into the possession of the soldier.6 Previous to her death, the old woman informed Glycera that she was a foundling and sister to Maschio, but Glycera kept this information secret in order to spare Moschio the painful knowledge of his true status (147-50), and she continues to do so, later in the play, in deference to the wishes of Myrrhine as well (790-91).7 Her embrace with Maschio, which was the cause of Polemo’s jealous rage in which he cut off her hair (whence the title of the play), probably occurred prior to the events dramatized on stage.8 Polemo, in consternation, subsequently abandoned his home for the company of friends, where he is staying when the action begins.
Eunuch
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like Self-Tormentor and the two other comedies (Woman of Andros, Brothers) that Terence adapted from Menandrean originals, Eunuch has a double plot. The frame story is based on a rivalry between two lovers enamored of a courtesan. One of these is a more or less sympathetic young man, the other a vainglorious mercenary soldier. There is some question whether this latter role derives from Menander’s Eunuch, the primary model for Terence’s adaptation. Terence mentions in his preface that he imported the soldier, and also his calculating flatterer, from another play by Menander, and it is just possible that the rival in the original Eunuch was a different figure. In Terence’s version, at all events, the youth contends with a soldier for the attentions of the courtesan, who is a free woman of noncitizen status (she has recently moved to Athens) and, in accord with Athenian social institutions, is therefore ineligible for marriage with a citizen.
The Miser
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“The specificity of a foreign culture cannot be grasped without setting it off against others, or at all events one’s own.” This observation by Christian Meier may serve as the justification for the final chapter of this book, which compares an ancient comedy with one of its descendants composed in the early modern era. The purpose is to set in relief the social distinctions and codes of the classical city-state as they in¬ form New Comedy by determining how they are transformed in a work produced under the new social conditions of modern nation-states. Thus, the present concern is not primarily with questions of sources, dramatic technique, or aesthetic ideals. The Miser (L’Avare) by Moliere and its model, Plautus’ Aulularia (The Play of the Pot) have been selected for analysis because the contrasts are particularly illuminating in cases of imitation. This choice has also to do with literary historical considerations: Aristophanic comedy had a limited influence on European drama, and while New Comedy inaugurated a brilliant tradition, the plays of Menander and his contemporaries were unknown until the beginning of this century, apart from brief fragments, and their legacy was transmitted through the Latin versions by Plautus and Terence. The Greek antecedent for Plautus’ Aulularia is not known, but the play bears a close resemblance to Menander’s Grouch, and many scholars have unhesitatingly affirmed that the original must have been by Menander himself.
Introduction
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It would seem that a prison should be less subject to riots than any other sort of place. Elsewhere—on the public streets, in the city squares, in shopping centers, at sporting events—people are free to discuss, initiate, and (to an extent) organize riots. Masses of people not previously known to the authorities may congregate and move about as they please; the police are constitutionally barred from taking many actions that might impede riots from developing.
In prison, the situation is different. The very purpose of the institution is to restrict and regulate the behavior of its inhabitants. The courts respect the authorities’ comparatively broad powers to restrain movement and restrict speech. Authorities are permitted to know and to regulate the inmates’ locations, associates, and activities at all times. The inmates’ personal histories are known to the authorities. They are free to classify inmates, disperse them, group them together—in short, place each in the setting in which his or her behavior can most easily and most certainly be controlled, whether it be a work camp in a remote forest or a fortress of stone and steel. The greater the inmate’s inclination to defiance, the more intense the regulation can be.
During the Riot
Authors: Useem Bert , Camp Camille Graham , Camp George M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A prison riot poses implicitly or explicitly the question of who will exercise authority over the forces of control. This encompasses the capacity to deploy the forces at hand, monitor their actions in the field on a continuous basis, deliver orders promptly and effectively, coordinate operations among the governmental agencies that are involved, and gather and interpret information on what inmates are doing and intend to do. It is reasonable to assume that the task of command becomes more complex the longer a riot lasts, and the more agencies involved.
Brief disturbances that prison officials can handle with resources immediately at their disposal do not raise complicated questions of command. In the resolution of a prison riot, however, personnel may be brought in from the outside—police, FBI agents, negotiators, National Guard, medical personnel, and so on—who are not (without special arrangement) subject to the authority of the prison’s officials. Moreover, a prison riot is the sort of public emergency in which higher officials may feel the need to step in and exercise command themselves. The notion (possibly an unfortunate one) may also be present that the very occurrence of a riot is a sign that the prison’s own officials have “failed” at their job of maintaining order and that someone else must step in to take charge.
Epic in Republican Rome
Authors: Goldberg Sander M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Epic in Republican Rome discusses authors of now-fragmentary epic poetry not simply as predecessors of Vergil, but as pioneers and poets in their own rights. Behind the early literary experiments of Andronicus and Naevius, Ennius and Cicero, lie issues of poetry and patronage, and of cultural assimilation and national ideology, that not only come to characterize Roman literature of all periods, but continue to shape modern responses to that literature.
Ruins
Authors: Goldberg Sander M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Latinists as a group remain wary of theory, and especially wary of literary theory. So many ancient works beg for study and present so many specific problems of language, style, and interpretation that we often think it distracting or even self-indulgent to divert attention from the literature we serve to our method of serving it. Yet the introspective exercise that theory entails is not entirely frivolous, nor is it necessarily a bad thing. Karl Lehrs warned long ago against unthinking invocations of method, and one good check on that recurring temptation is a clear awareness of the assumptions on which our scholarly method is based.1 The need for such introspection is especially keen as we confront a subject as problematic and demanding as early Roman epic. The relevant poems are in fragments. Little is known of their creators, and much of what is said about them is fiction. The conditions that encouraged their work are poorly attested and even more poorly understood. Historical, textual, and aesthetic problems are thus inextricably bound, challenging our technical skill and critical acumen even as they tax our patience. What can we realistically hope to learn from such difficult and often uncongenial material?
Reconstructions
Authors: Goldberg Sander M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Latin literature began not with epic but with public spectacle, and it was fostered as a matter of public policy. The year was 240. The Romans, having just defeated Carthage in the First Punic War, were quick to flex cultural as well as political muscle. They expanded the native ludi Romani, a festival that had long offered musical and stage performances, to include formal plays in the Greek style. A man named Livius Andronicus was commissioned to furnish Latin scripts for the occasion and to oversee the productions.1 We know just a little about this Andronicus. The name itself suggests a Greek freedman of the Livian gens, and that idea makes some sense. A certain M. Livius Salinator was one of the decemviri sacris faciundis who presided over the Saecular games of 236. He could easily have held this office by 240 and recommended a family retainer for the new theatrical commission. Later sources support that inference: Andronicus was said to have reached Rome as a slave from Tarentum, to have tutored the sons of Salinator, and to have won his freedom by virtue of his talents.2 Those talents launched the first literary career at Rome and the first literary genres. Andronicus continued writing plays-the titles of nine tragedies and three comedies survive-and his experiments bore lasting fruit.
Hexameter Aesthetics
Authors: Goldberg Sander M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Aeneas and his men land at Cumae, the Sibyl instructs them to provide proper burial for their shipmate Misenus. They promptly set off to gather timber for a funeral pyre. This description owes a double debt: a remote one to Homer, who described the felling of oaks for the funeral pyre of Patroclus (II. 23.114-20), and a nearer debt to Ennius, whose Roman soldiers brought down a more varied forest at Heraclea to fuel a pyre for casualties of the battle there. Vergil recalls Ennius through the borrowing of significant details, the strategic placement of key words, and more generally through his greater interest in the trees than the axmen.
Max Weber’s Sociologyof Intellectuals
Authors: Sadri Ahmad , Vidich Arthur J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The social role of intellectuals was a pervasive motif in Weber’s thought, particularly in his works on religion and politics. Comprehensively examining and extending Weber’s work on the subject, Sadri provides a new perspective on the intelligentsia and its role in society. He also provides a synthetic typology of intellectuals which spans both Eastern and Western traditions. Culling Weber’s scattered observations on the subject, Sadri lays a theoretical foundation for a Weberian sociology of intellectuals, making it a valuable resource for scholars interested in the reflections of this great thinker.
Crippling the Clean-Car Mandate
Authors: Sherman Joe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rest of that summer and fall things went from bad to worse for the alternative EV community. “The anti-ZEV forces smelled blood in the water,” said Veronica Kun, a senior scientist at the National Resources Defense Council. “They were emboldened by the political sea change.” In California, ads, press releases, and studies continued to question the benefits of EVs. A clever, insidious strategy, greased by the Western States Petroleum Association, effectively stalled plans for EV charging stations. So-called grassroots groups, which critics dubbed “Astroturf groups,” consisting mostly of senior citizens worried about higher electricity bills, were organized and their fears exploited.
The Media and the Crisis
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the mass media reported on the wave of abuse cases, the coverage naturally attempted to offer a context for these incidents, to determine the shape and dimensions of the new problem. The interpretations that now emerged were severely critical not merely of individual priests and clergy but of the Catholic church in general, with charges of systemic corruption and illegality, cynical exploitation of the laity, and extensive sexual perversion. Moreover, the solutions offered to the “abuse crisis” involved a reform of precisely those Catholic characteristics that had so long offended mainstream Protestant sentiment, including mandatory celibacy for priests and religious, the exalted concept of the priestly role, and the seminary system. This approach was all the more influential because there was no effective at­ tempt at rebuttal, no serious effort to indicate distortions or exaggerations in the criticism.
“Sins of the Fathers”: The Feminist Response
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A recent book on pedophilia and other sex crimes notes in passing that “However quintessential its patriarchy, the Catholic church is not alone in the perpetuation of attitudes that tolerate sexual assault.” This casual statement makes two seemingly natural assumptions that in fact reflect a substantial history of ideological development: respectively, that the Catholic church is the epitome of a form of bias or prejudice known as patriarchy, and that this patriarchalism contributes directly to clergy abuse. Both ideas are well represented in recent writing, for instance, in the work of Jason Berry and of Richard Sipe, and the fact that they can be presented without substantiation suggests the degree to which feminist arguments have permeated mainstream discourse in the theme of sexual abuse. “The sexism of the Catholic church”2 is seen as a given.
Prologue: The First De´vote
Authors: Diefendorf Barbara B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 11 September 1590, Marie Du Drac died, happy in the knowledge that Henri de Navarre’s brutal siege of Paris had been lifted just twelve days earlier. As Du Drac had foreseen in her frequent revelations, God had “delivered the inhabitants of the city by extraordinary means and protected them from the rage and fury of the sworn enemies of the Catholic faith.” Or so we are told by her spiritual director, a friar of the Minim order named Antoine Estienne, who seized on the occasion of her funeral to deliver a lengthy oration lauding her piety, enumerating her devotional practices, and recounting her many “illuminations, ecstasies, and raptures.” Born into a distinguished Parisian family in 1544, Marie Du Drac was married at the age of seventeen to one of her father’s colleagues in the Parlement of Paris. Bearing her husband seven children in twelve years of marriage, she vowed after his death in 1572 not to remarry but rather to devote her life to God alone. Even during her marriage, Du Drac began to leave aside the “vanities of this world.” Moved by a strong fear of the Last Judgment, she abandoned her jewelry and worldly attire, covered her hair, and donned garments so severe that friends and relatives expressed their shock.
Mademoiselle Acarie’s Circle
Authors: Diefendorf Barbara B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sometime late in 1601, Barbe Acarie reported a vision in which Saint Teresa of Avila called on her to bring to France the order of Discalced Carmelites that the saint had recently founded in Spain. A group of distinguished clerics close to Acarie met in the chapel of Paris’s Carthusian monastery of Vauvert soon thereafter to discuss whether the vision might be made a reality. With regret, they decided it could not. However much they wanted to see austere convents on the model of Teresa’s reforms founded in France, the time was not yet ripe for such ventures. Spain, which had intervened in France’s religious wars on behalf of the ultra-Catholic Holy League, was in the public mind still the enemy. A diplomatic incident in the summer of 1601 had threatened the peace made at Vervins in 1598, and mutual animosities remained strong. Henri IV and the French people would be no more willing to countenance the establishment of a Spanish religious order in France than Philip III and the Carmelite superiors would countenance establishing daughter houses in a hostile land.