bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of subcutaneous infusion needles for transfusion‐dependent thalassemia patients by the intrapersonal cross‐over assessment model
Authors: Chan G.C.F. , Ng D.M.W. , Fong D.Y.T. , Ha S.Y. , Lau Y.L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNeedle‐induced trauma is one of the major contributing factors for poor compliance in patients with thalassaemia major on iron chelation therapy. A new generation of needles is currently available on the market, but their theoretical advantages have not been tested clinically. We performed a study to compare the pros and cons of the representative prototypes from each of the new (Thalaset needle) and old (butterfly scalp vein needle) generations of needles. Patients with thalassemia major who had been receiving subcutaneous iron chelation therapy for at least 2 years were recruited. Patients using butterfly needles were instructed to switch to the newer form of needle (Thalaset) for 2.5 months and then to change back to butterfly needles for another 2.5 months. Comparison was done by the intrapersonal cross‐over model using three identical sets of questionnaires collected at the beginning of the study and after the use of Thalaset and butterfly needles, respectively. Fifty‐four (22 females; 32 males) patients were included in the statistical analysis. The median age was 24.1 years (range = 7.6–47.2 years). Local reactions such as pain, itchiness, tenderness, and swelling were significantly different among the three evaluation periods and were all in favor of the Thalaset needle (all with P < 0.001), even after adjusting for the intention‐to‐treat calculation. The Thalaset needle is significantly better than the butterfly needle in reducing needle‐related trauma. It induced fewer local skin reactions such as pain, itchiness, tenderness, and swelling. However, recommendations for its routine clinical use require further cost‐effectiveness analysis. Am. J. Hematol. 76:398–404, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of familial thrombocytosis: Possible role of altered thrombopoietin production
Authors: Fujiwara Tohru , Harigae Hideo , Kameoka Junichi , Yokoyama Hisayuki , Takahashi Shinichiro , Tomiya Yasuo , Yamada Minami , Ishizawa Kenichi , Imaizumi Masue , Sasaki Takeshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFamilial thrombocytosis (FT) is an inherited disorder with clinical presentations similar to essential thrombocytosis (ET). In several pedigrees, overproduction of thrombopoietin (TPO) has been shown to be responsible for the disease. We report herein three cases of thrombocytosis in three successive generations. All cases had increased serum TPO levels. Sequence analysis of TPO gene and transmembrane domain of c‐MPL, known as the TPO receptor, revealed no mutations. Platelet c‐MPL expression was similar or slightly increased as compared to normal volunteers. These data suggest that altered regulation of the TPO gene might be involved in the pathogenesis of FT. Am. J. Hematol. 76:395–397, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Donor cell myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation responding to donor lymphocyte infusion: Case report and literature review
Authors: Komrokji Rami , Ifthikharuddin Jainulabdeen J. , Felgar Raymond E. , Abboud Camille N. , Wedow Lucy A. , Connaughton Anna , Bennett John M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Relapses after transplantation however, are not uncommon and are usually due to re‐emergence of a recipient derived, neoplastic, stem cell clone. We report a unique case of MDS recurring 5 months after non‐myeloablative, sibling, allogeneic SCT. Interestingly, chimerism analysis at relapse showed hematopoiesis to be entirely of donor origin confirming donor cell MDS. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) produced a hematological response lasting several months. Our review of the literature shows donor‐derived MDS to be very rare, with only four such cases described previously. In this report, we describe the details of our case and discuss putative mechanisms underlying the genesis of donor cell MDS and the observed response to DLI. Am. J. Hematol. 76:389–394, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia presenting with thrombosis of multiple saphenous vein grafts and myocardial infarction
Authors: Ayala Ernesto , Rosado Manuel F. , Morgensztern Daniel , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Byrnes John J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report herein a patient with coronary artery disease that developed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia after coronary artery bypass graft with resulting thrombosis of multiple saphenous vein grafts and myocardial infarction after heparin exposure. The patient required lepirudin and a cardiac catheterization with placement of stents. Am. J. Hematol. 76:383–385, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ABL oncogene amplification with p16INK4a gene deletion in precursor T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: Report of the first case
Authors: Kim Hee‐Jin , Woo Hee‐Yeon , Koo Hong‐Hoe , Tak Eun‐Young , Kim Sun‐Hee 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGene amplification is a relatively rare event in hematologic malignancies. The ABL gene on chromosome band 9q34 is a proto‐oncogene and is the well‐known translocation partner of the BCR gene on 22q11 giving rise to t(9;22)(q34;q11), which is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia and is the most common chromosomal abnormality in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Amplification of ABL is an exceedingly rare event, with only less than 5 cases reported in the literature. The p16INK4a (or CDKN2A) gene on 9p21 is a tumor suppressor gene, and deletion thereof is recently recognized as one of the most common genetic abnormalities in ALL. The authors herein describe an 8‐year‐old male patient with precursor T‐cell ALL harboring both ABL gene amplification and p16INK4a gene deletion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using BCR/ABL probes revealed five or more ABL signals, indicating amplification in 51.5% of interphase nuclei. FISH using p16INK4a gene probes showed heterozygous p16INK4a deletion in 71.0%. On conventional cytogenetic analysis, however, only 10 metaphases were available, which showed the normal karyotype, 46,XY[10], serving no evidence for the findings on FISH. This is the first report of an ALL case with ABL amplification, and the authors speculate that both ABL proto‐oncogene amplification and the p16INK4a tumor suppressor gene deletion have been implicated in leukemogenesis in the present case, although whether the ABL amplification truly contributes to the leukemogenesis or merely an epiphenomenon representing underlying genomic instability remains to be determined. Am. J. Hematol. 76:360–363, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing dose intensity of anthracycline antibiotics improves outcome in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Novitzky N. , Thomas V. , Abrahams L. , du Toit C. , McDonald A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo understand the effect of dose concentration in the overall survival of AML, we conducted a study on the efficacy and toxicity of a drug combination where the dose of daunorubicin was intensified. For this analysis, the outcome of patients entered into two consecutive prospective trials was compared. Inclusion criteria in both arms were identical and consisted of primary AML in adults. Treatment protocol for Cape Town Regimen 4 (CTR‐IV) comprised of cytarabine infusion (100 mg/m2) and etoposide (100 mg/m2), injection daily for 7 days in combination with daunorubicin (45 mg/m2) on days 1, 2, and 3. Patients achieving remission were given two further courses of the same chemotherapy and received allogeneic or autologous transplantation. CTR‐V was a similar treatment program, except that daunorubicin was escalated on days 1, 2, and 3 to 75 mg/m2during induction and to 60 mg/m2during a single consolidation. Patients were also offered stem cell transplantation. Between 1990 and 1997, 78 patients (median age 33; range 13–67 years) fulfilled entry criteria and received CTR‐IV. From 1998 onwards, 35 patients (median age 36; range 15–66 years) were prospectively enlisted into the CTR‐V trial. The patient population in CTR‐V had fewer Caucasian individuals (P= 0.02) and had significantly lower presentation hemoglobin (P= 0.0002). Following initiation of induction chemotherapy, 40 patients failed to respond. Among these, 10 patients demised before day 28. Another 30 (25/69 CTR‐IV and 5/32 in CTR‐V groups;P= 0.01) had leukemia that was resistant to chemotherapy, and all died. Remission was achieved in 59% of patients treated with CTR‐IV and 77% of those receiving CTR‐V (P= 0.03). CR occurred with a single course in 64% versus 88% (P= 0.02), respectively. There were no differences in the toxicity profile between these two combinations. Disease recurred in 50% and 28% (P= 0.07) of patients. For the 113 individuals, median follow up is 254 (range 19–4,451) and 304 (12–1,702;P= 0.03) days. Survival is 23% and 40%, respectively, favoring patients treated with CTR‐V (log rank;P= 0.03). Cox regression analysis showed that treatment group (P< 0.001), FAB type, hemoglobin level, and platelet count were independent factors for response to chemotherapy. Older age and not undergoing myeloablative therapy were the only adverse factors for survival. We conclude that increase in the treatment dose of daunorubicin in patients with AML led to a higher remission rate, particularly with a single course of chemotherapy and had an equivalent toxicity profile. This therapeutic modification is also likely to result in substantial reduction in patient stay in hospital and in the overall expenditure. Am. J. Hematol. 76:319–329, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolonged fever of unknown origin and hemophagocytosis evolving into acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Goldschmidt Neta , Gural Alexander , Kornberg Abraham , Spectre Galia , Shopen Andrei , Paltiel Ora 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is an unusual acute syndrome presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and cytopenias. The hallmark of HPS is the accumulation of activated macrophages that engulf hematopoietic cells in the reticuloendothelial system. Most cases of HPS in adults are secondary to infection or malignancy, and thus investigation of the underlying disease is necessary. We describe a patient with prolonged fever, HPS, and chromosomal abnormalities in the bone marrow who underwent thorough evaluation for the cause of his symptoms. A final diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was established in a fourth, repeated bone marrow biopsy performed more than 2 months after the first presenting symptom appeared. This unusual case demonstrates the importance of cytogenetic abnormalities found in cases of HPS and the importance of repeated testing when an underlying disease is suspected. Am. J. Hematol. 76:364–367, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of anti‐prothrombin antibody in patients with deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Ishikura Ken , Wada Hideo , Kamikura Yuko , Hattori Kyouko , Fukuzawa Toshiaki , Yamada Norikazu , Nakamura Masio , Nobori Tsutomu , Nakano Takeshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibody and several antibodies for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE) (n = 48), cerebral thrombosis (CT, n = 30), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 22), and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP, n = 30). The presence of antibodies was examined by using the respective ELISA kits. LA was positive in 38.6% of patients with DVT/PE, suggesting that LA is one of the most important risk factors in DVT/PE. The highest prevalence of anti‐β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) IgG was in CT and SLE, followed by DVT, and none in ITP and healthy volunteers (control, n = 40), suggesting that it is related to thrombosis, particularly arterial thrombosis. The highest prevalence of anti‐prothrombin (aPT) IgG antibody was in DVT, followed by CT and SLE, and none in ITP and the control, suggesting that it is related to thrombosis, especially venous thrombosis. The highest prevalence of antiphospholipid (aPL) IgG was in DVT, CT, and SLE, but 0% in ITP and control. On the other hand, aPL IgM, anti‐annexin V IgG, and anti‐annexin V IgM were positive in patients both with and without thrombosis, suggesting that they are not related to thrombosis. Our results indicated that among the anti‐phospholipid antibodies, LA is the most sensitive marker for APS while anti‐β2GPI IgG, aPT IgG, and aPL IgG are risk factors for thrombosis. In particular, aPT IgG is a significant marker for DVT/PE. Am. J. Hematol. 76:338–342, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis associated with very severe thrombocytopenia and platelet autoantibodies
Authors: Arnold Donald M. , Smaill Fiona , Warkentin Theodore E. , Christjanson Lisa , Walker Irwin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSevere thrombocytopenia is a life‐threatening condition. It is often associated with immune‐mediated platelet destruction or myeloablative chemotherapy. Infective endocarditis has been associated with thrombocytopenia, which, as in sepsis, tends to be mild and is often the result of several pathological mechanisms. We report a case of Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis associated with very severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding in a patient who refused platelet transfusion. Platelet autoantibodies directed against glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa and Gp Ib/IX were detected during active infection using a glycoprotein‐specific assay. Successful treatment of C. hominis endocarditis was associated with loss of platelet autoantibodies and recovery of the platelet count. This report illustrates that the development of platelet autoantibodies can contribute to very severe thrombocytopenia in occasional patients with infective endocarditis. Am. J. Hematol. 76:373–377, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe hemolytic anemia associated with Hb Volga [β27(B9)Ala→Asp]: GCC→GAC at codon 27 in a Turkish family
Authors: Sözen M. , Karaaslan Ç. , Öner R. , Gümrük F. , Özdemir M.A. , Altay C. , Gürgey A. , Öner C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA boy presented at age 4 years with severe congenital hemolytic anemia characterized by highly elevated reticulocyte count (30–50%) and prominent basophilic stippling. Hb had been 4 g/dL at age 7 months. The patient was on a monthly transfusion regimen up to the age of 7 years, when he underwent splenectomy. After removal of the spleen, his Hb stabilized at 11 g/dL. No abnormal pattern was detected in hemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 9 and 6. In‐vitro globin synthesis revealed the presence of an abnormal β‐chain in front of the γ‐chain. The βA/βX ratio was 0.77 at 30 min and 0.74 at 2 hr of incubation. Molecular analysis revealed that the patient had GCC→GAC alteration at codon 27 (β27(B9)Ala→Asp) causing the abnormal hemoglobin Volga. The β‐cDNA derived from the β‐Hb Volga allele could be differentiated from HbA β‐cDNA on silver‐stained gel. No imbalance in the mRNA of βA/βHb Volga ratio was observed. Am. J. Hematol. 76:378–382, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased levels of soluble ICAM‐1 in the plasma of sickle cell patients are reversed by hydroxyurea
Authors: Conran Nicola , Fattori André , Saad Sara T.O. , Costa Fernando F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIncreased adhesive events between the blood vessel endothelium and red and white cells play a central role in the initiation of vasoocclusive crisis in sickle cell disease (SCD). Soluble VCAM‐1 levels are increased in the plasma of sickle cell patients and may be reduced during hydroxyurea (HU) therapy. Reports regarding any changes in soluble ICAM‐1 (sICAM‐1) levels in sickle cell patients, however, are conflicting, and as yet no beneficial effect of HU upon levels has been observed. Thus, we sought to thoroughly investigate changes in sICAM‐1 levels in SCD patients and the effect of HU therapy (20–30 mg/kg/day). Plasma sVCAM‐1 levels were significantly higher in steady‐state SCD patients than in normal controls (766 ± 86 ng/mL vs. 325 ± 38 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). sVCAM‐1 levels were decreased in patients on HU therapy (543 ± 69 ng/mL) compared to those not taking HU; however, this difference was not significant. Plasma sICAM‐1 levels were significantly increased in steady‐state SCD patients compared to normal individuals (285 ± 20 ng/mL vs. 202 ± 16 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.002), and HU therapy significantly reduced sICAM‐1 levels in patients (217 ± 12, P = 0.027) to levels approaching those of healthy individuals. sVCAM‐1 levels inversely correlated with fetal hemoglobin levels in SCD patients, while a nonsignificant inverse trend was observed between sICAM‐1 levels and fetal hemoglobin. In conclusion, plasma sICAM‐1 levels were significantly increased in SCD patients, and this increase was reversed by hydroxyurea therapy, possibly reflecting reduced endothelial activation in patients taking HU. Such an event may benefit patients by reducing adhesive interactions between white cells and the endothelium. Am. J. Hematol. 76:343–347, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bemessungsvorschlag für Holz/Beton‐Verbundbalken unter Beachtung abgestufter Verbindungsmittelabstände
Authors: Schmidt Jörg , Kaliske Michael , Schneider Werner , Thiele Rolf 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDie Abstände der Verbindungsmittel von Holz/Beton‐Verbundbalken werden i. allg. vorrangig aus Kostengründen entsprechend dem Querkraftverlauf abgestuft. Das Tragvermögen gemäß Bemessungsgrundlagen nach DIN 1052 bzw. EC 5 mit linear ermittelten Schnittgrößen (Näherungsverfahren/γ‐Verfahren) wird gegenüber Balken ohne die o. g. Abstufung deutlich reduziert. Da das tatsächliche Last‐Verformungsverhalten jedoch deutliche Nichtlinearitäten aufweist und die Verbundsteifigkeit hinsichtlich des Tragvermögens nur einen geringen Einfluß besitzt, wird in diesem Beitrag der Einfluß der Abstufung der Verbindungsmittelabstände auf das Tragverhalten von Verbundbalken mittels nichtlinearer FE‐Analysen untersucht. Im Ergebnis ist festzustellen, daß der Sicherheitsabstand zwischen Gebrauchslast gemäß E DIN 1052 und Versagenslastniveau mit zunehmendem Abstufungsgrad zunimmt, weil das tatsächliche Tragvermögen weniger – als durch das derzeitige Bemessungsmodell unterstellt – reduziert wird. Somit weisen also die Systeme, deren Verbinderabstände mehrmals abgestuft sind, den größten Sicherheitsabstand auf, könnten also noch wirtschaftlicher bemessen werden. Deshalb wird im Ergebnis der Untersuchungen ein neuer Bemessungsvorschlag unterbreitet und verifiziert, der die Nichtlinearitäten berücksichtigt, einen gleichmäßigen Sicherheitsabstand zum Versagenslastniveau gewährleistet und eine deutlich wirtschaftlichere Bemessung erlaubt.
Die Geschichte der San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
Authors: Springer Johannes , Springer Sebastian , Röhner Johnny 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDie Bay Bridge zwischen San Francisco und Oakland ist ein herausragendes Beispiel des amerikanischen Großbrückenbaus. Sie besteht aus einer Zwillingshängebrücke und einer Fachwerkauslegerbrücke, die durch einen Tunnel auf der Insel Yerba Buena verbunden sind. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Weg von den ersten Vorstudien bis zur heutigen Zeit. Auf die Besonderheiten bei Konstruktion und Bau, z. B. die Stahlbauarbeiten sowie die Gründung des Ankerblocks, welcher die beiden Hängebrücken miteinander verbindet, wird ausführlich eingegangen. Der Beitrag beschreibt außerdem aktuelle Verstärkungsmaßnahmen sowie das geplante Ersatzbauwerk für den östlichen Fachwerkbrückenteil, der aus Gründen der Erdbebensicherheit z. Z. durch eine einhüftige, selbstverankerte Hängebrücke ersetzt wird.
Zur maßgebenden Verkehrslaststellung bei Schrägseilbrücken
Authors: Unterweger Harald 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAls Grundlage der Bemessung erfordert die Systemberechnung im Brükkenbau auch die Auffindung der ungünstigsten Verkehrslaststellung für jeden betrachteten Brückenquerschnitt. Insbesondere beim Fahrbahnbalken von Schrägseilbrücken ergibt sich die Gesamtbeanspruchung aus einem komplexen Zusammenwirken aus Normalkräften, Querkräften und Biegemomenten. In der Praxis erfolgt üblicherweise eine Selektion jener Verkehrslaststellungen, die eine der Teil beanspruchungen am Querschnitt (meist ausgedrückt durch Schnittkräfte) maximieren, wodurch jedoch für die nachfolgend betrachteten Stahl‐ bzw. Verbundbrücken nicht immer die höchsten Beanspruchungen entstehen.Einleitend erfolgt die Darstellung eines einfachen und anschaulichen Verfahrens, um – unabhängig von der Komplexität der Grenzzustandsfunktion, die auch das Beulen des Hauptträgerstegs beinhalten kann – die ungünstigste Verkehrslaststellung am Querschnitt zu finden. Dies stellt eine Verallgemeinerung des in [1] vorgestellten Verfahrens dar.Der Hauptteil beinhaltet ein Anwendungsbeispiel einer Schrägseilbrücke mit Verbundquerschnitt, wobei zwei repräsentative Fahrbahnquerschnitte näher untersucht werden. Einerseits werden die Gesamtbeanspruchungen der konventionellen und der genauen Vorgehensweise anhand von Einflußlinien erläutert, und andererseits lassen sich daraus Hinweise für die Praxis ableiten.Die dargestellte ingenieurmäßige Vorgehensweise kann alle Arten der Einwirkungen beinhalten und ist grundsätzlich auch auf andere Bauwerke sowie Baustoffe (z. B. Stahlbeton) direkt anwendbar.
Erschütterungsüberwachung bei Baumaßnahmen
Authors: Schalk Manfred , Henkel Fritz‐Otto , Lerzer Martin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag berichtet über den Stand der Technik für Erschütterungsüberwachungen bei Baumaßnahmen. Nach einer kurzen Begründung der Notwendigkeit und einer Übersicht über Einwirkungen und Schutzziele wird die Gesamtaufgabe anhand eines Flußdiagramms systematisch dargestellt, und es wird der heutige Stand der Gerätetechnik erläutert. Das heute immer wichtiger werdende Anwendungsgebiet “Funktionstüchtigkeit von Geräten” wird vertieft. Praxisbeispiele, in denen charakteristische Erschütterungssignale für einzelne Einwirkungen und Objekte gezeigt werden, machen das Thema anschaulich.
Zyklisch viskoelastisch‐viskoplastischer Stoffansatz nichtbindiger Böden und Schotter
Authors: Gotschol Alexander , Kempfert Hans‐Georg 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIm modernen Verkehrswegebau, insbesondere im Eisenbahnbau, ist die Fragestellung der Kornstabilität und des Langzeitverhaltens nichtbindiger Böden und Schotter von großer Bedeutung. Dies gilt besonders auch im Hinblick auf die Grenzen konventioneller Schotteroberbausysteme bei zunehmenden Fahrgeschwindigkeitserhöhungen. Mit dem entwickelten zyklisch viskoelastisch‐viskoplastischen Stoffansatz ist es möglich, das plastische und elastische Langzeitverhalten in Abhängigkeit von den Belastungsrandbedingungen und Spannungszuständen sowie wesentlicher Materialeigenschaften zu beschreiben. Durch die numerische Umsetzung des Stoffansatzes kann zwischenzeitlich auch das plastische Langzeitverhalten komplexer dreidimensionaler Strukturen zufriedenstellend berechnet werden.
Einfluß der lokalen Geologie von Köln auf die Form von Freifeldantwortspektren
Authors: Savidis Stavros A. , Röhner Jens 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIm Rahmen einer Mikrozonierung des Großraums Köln wurden auf der Grundlage der Mächtigkeit der anstehenden Sedimentschichten 8 Teil regionen abgegrenzt und jedem ein charakteristisches Bodenprofil zugewiesen. Mit den Herdparametern der Standardereignisse des Entwurfs der nationalen Erdbebennorm E‐DIN 4149 wurden synthetische Seismogramme erzeugt und zur Analyse des Einflusses der lokalen Sedimentschichten auf die Form von Transferfunktionen und Bodenbeschleunigungsantwortspektren verwendet. Die Ergebnisse von 3 in der Praxis üblichen Berechnungsverfahren (Zweischichtenmodell, Mehrschichtmodell in SHAKE 91,Haskellsche Schichtenmatrizen in SIMUL) werden zum einen untereinander und zum anderen mit den elastischen Bodenbeschleunigungsantwortspektren der E‐DIN 4149 verglichen und diskutiert.