bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological aspects of Septoria spot (Septoria apiicola Speng) in the cultivation of celery Spain on four sowing dates.
Authors: Gonzalez Leonides Castellanos , Pineda Doris Adriana Laiton , García Carmen Omaira Rozo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Septoria is the most important disease of celery in Pamplona, Colombia, and there are few scientific results on this disease in the country. The objective was to evaluate some epidemiological aspects of Septoria apiicola Speng in celery cultivation at four sowing dates. Four sowing dates were evaluated, March, April, August and September of 2022. Meteorological data were taken at the research place. The variables incidence, severity and the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (ABCPE) were estimated. Correlation and regression analyses were performed with the SPSS statistical package. Septoria appeared between the fourth and fifth week of crop age, with no statistical difference between sowing dates. A correlation of incidence and severity with crop age was evident on all sowing dates, but not always with meteorological variables. Linear and multiple regression models were obtained that were highly significant with crop age and meteorological conditions. The regression analysis showed very high R2 for incidence as a function of crop age with the quadratic model and R2 above 0.82 for severity as a function of age with the logistic model.
A Multi-Stratal Model of Language Processing (MSMLP)
Authors: Elleuch Dalia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article presents the Multi-Stratal Model of Language Processing (MSMLP) as an innovative neurolinguistic approach. The MSMLP is a framework that aims to advance the understanding of language processing (henceforth LP) in the human brain. A systematic review of the available models from various linguistic disciplines, cognitive psychology, and neuroscientific research was conducted to critically explore and synthesize the current trends and identify the theoretical gap regarding the technical modeling of the phenomenon under investigation (LP). The article provides a detailed overview of the theoretical foundations and key components of the MSMLP. It highlights the importance of studying language processing from a multi-stratal perspective, acknowledging the interconnectedness and mutual influence of different linguistic strata. The MSMLP integrates multiple strata of analysis: phonological, morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. By considering these interdependencies, the MSMLP offers a neurolinguistic explanation of naturalistic language processing. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications and potential applications of the MSMLP in the field of medical research and clinical practice. It emphasizes the model's relevance in studying language disorders, such as aphasia, and its potential to inform diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
A reformulation of the FLQ approach to computing regional input-output coefficients
Authors: Flegg Anthony T. , Pereira-López Xesús , Sánchez-Chóez Napoleón , Cuevas Fernando de la Torre , Tohmo Timo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we examine alternative methods of computing regional input−output (IO) coefficients, with an emphasis on their relative accuracy and the complexity of the computations required. We propose a novel way of implementing the well-known FLQ (Flegg’s location quotient) approach. Although the FLQ formula often yields very satisfactory results, the need to specify values of the unknown parameter δ in this formula presents an obstacle to its implementation. Here we develop a fresh approach to the use of the FLQ that substantially simplifies its application, while simultaneously enhancing its performance. We focus on how regional size, R, is incorporated in this formula and simplify the way in which R affects the allowance made for imports from other regions. We call this new formula the reformulated FLQ or RFLQ. We also show how the unknown parameter in the RFLQ can be computed. We test our proposal using the 2005 and 2015 Korean survey-based interregional IO datasets and contrast our estimates with both survey-based values and the results from several other techniques. We also examine two different information scenarios: with and without industry-specific information. The results suggest that the RFLQ can yield more accurate estimates of regional IO coefficients, and in a more straightforward way, than is possible with the traditional FLQ.
Sex differences and fecal incontinence among Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hanayama Masakazu , Furukawa Shinya , Miyake Teruki , Yoshida Osamu , Shiraishi Kana , Tange Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Yu , Kitahata Shogo , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Yagi Sen , Suzuki Seiyuu , Shibata Naozumi , Murakami Hidehiro , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Tomida Hideomi , Yamamoto Yasunori , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Several differences in sex and clinical features among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have been reported. Fecal incontinence (FI) is closely associated with quality of life; however, the evidence regarding sex differences and FI in patients with UC is limited and inconsistent.
Aims
This study aims to examine the relationship between sex, delivery history, and FI in Japanese patients with UC.
Methods
A total of 288 Japanese UC patients participated in this study. FI was defined based on self-reported incontinence frequency. Information on sex, delivery history, smoking status, and alcohol intake status was collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Medication, disease activity, and body mass index (BMI) information was collected from medical records.
Results
The female-to-male ratio and FI prevalence were 48.0% and 13.9%, respectively. FI was significantly more prevalent in female patients (21.5%) compared to male patients (8.4%). Female sex was significantly and positively associated with FI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.99 [95% CI 1.51–6.16]). Drinking status, smoking status, and BMI were not associated with FI. In female UC patients, the percentages for no history of delivery, one delivery, and two or more deliveries were 33.1%, 13.2%, and 53.7%, respectively. However, history of delivery was not significantly associated with FI.
Conclusions
In Japanese patients with UC, female sex was independently and inversely associated with FI. Furthermore, in female patients, history of delivery was not significantly associated with FI.
Robust graph representation learning via out-of-distribution detection approach
Authors: Bastami Esmaeil , Soltanizadeh Hadi , Rahmanimanesh Mohammad , Keshavarzi Parviz , Asadpour Masoud 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful models capable of learning from graph-structured data and performing various tasks. GNNs are susceptible to poisoning attacks, in which sophisticated attackers inject malicious nodes or edges into the graph topology to degrade their performance. The existing defense mechanisms, such as adversarial training, are ineffective in improving the robustness of GNN models. Fake nodes can be utilized creatively to deceive traditional GNN neural functions. In this paper, we propose a robust GNN model empowered by a reliable aggregation function based on the OOD detection concept and a novel method. A key idea of RGRO is to train a model that maps the nodes to a latent space in which we can measure the distance between the nodes and their distribution. The Mahalanobis distance is proposed as a superior alternative to cosine distance in order to exploit the homophily rule better and to consider the contextual information of the nodes. The Mahalanobis distance, which considers the covariance of the data and is scale-invariant, allows for a more effective application of the homophily rule. Mahalanobis distance is explored in this study to enhance the robustness and accuracy of outlier detection in graph data, thus contributing to a better understanding of homophily. The RGRO model can improve accuracy by removing poisoned data without knowing any types of poisoning attacks or GNN algorithms. RGRO is evaluated with four typical defense strategies based on two types of poisoning attacks implemented on different realistic datasets. Based on the results, RGRO can detect poisoned data against attacks effectively and efficiently. In the best scenario, RGRO improves the accuracy of the GNN model by 0.86.
Carbon sequestration and carbon stock inventory under different land use systems of Semi-Arid region of Bundelkhand of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kant Shiva , Kumar Sanjeev , Pandey Ankit , Gupta Dinesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The study was conducted in different land use systems in Badokhar Khurd block Banda district Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was laid out randomized block design using seven land use systems four soil layers (L) and each different land use system replicated thrice. The results have revealed that different land use system have significant influence on the production of above ground biomass, belowground biomass and total biomass, which affect the carbon stock and CO2 mitigation potential the maximum aboveground biomass carbon stock (8.30 t ha-1), belowground biomass carbon stock (2.16 t ha-1) and total biomass carbon stock (10.46 t ha-1) was exhibited by (SPS). While minimum above ground biomass carbon stock (0.51 t ha-1), belowground carbon stock (0.13 t ha-1) and total biomass carbon stock (0.65 t ha-1) was found in (NGS). Maximum bulk density was recorded in agriculture crop-based land-use (1.45g cm-3) followed by (ASS) and (AHS) while minimum bulk density was recorded in (SPS) (1.36g cm-3). Maximum soil organic carbon stock was recorded in (SPS) (4.97 t ha-1) followed by (HPS), while minimum soil organic carbon stock agriculture crop-based land-use (2.63 t ha-1). As a result, the maximum total carbon stock was recorded (SPS) (29.35 t ha-1) followed by (HPS), (ASS), (AHS) and agriculture crop-based land use while minimum total carbon stock was recorded in (NGS) (11.87 t ha-1).
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward malaria in the Lunglei district, Mizoram, North-East India
Authors: Vanlalhriata C , . Lalpianpuii , Wankhar Phibahunglang T , Prakash Pooja T , Amarthaluri Christiana , Pautu Lalfakzuala , . Vanramliana , Lalmalsawma Pachuau , Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Nina Praveen Balabaskaran 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The western districts of Mizoram (Lunglei, Mamit, and Lawngtlai) are malaria hotspots. The porous boundaries between Mizoram’s western districts and the Chittagong hill tracts of Bangladesh hamper malaria control strategies in the state. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the tribal communities in Mizoram’s western districts will aid the development of specific interventions.
Methodology:
An explanatory mixed-method study was conducted from April to November 2023 in the Lunglei district. In a community-based cross-sectional survey of 353 participants, the knowledge, attitude, practices, and care-seeking behavior toward malaria were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. This was followed by an in-depth telephonic interview of twelve participants, and the data was analyzed in NVivo.
Results
Out of the 353 respondents, 77.9%, 82.7%, 55.5% and 63.2% of the participants had good knowledge, attitude, practices, and care-seeking behavior, respectively. The responses in the in-depth qualitative interview highlighted the good knowledge about malaria among the villagers in this setting. The respondents were aware of the importance of IRS and insecticide-treated bed nets in malaria control; 11 and 10 respondents (out of 12) were using IRS and insecticide-treated bed nets, respectively.
Conclusion
The overall good knowledge, attitude, and practices toward malaria among the villagers reflect the strong healthcare system at the grassroots level in Mizoram. For effective dissemination, the Information, Education, and Communication material on malaria could be in the Chakma language as the members of this community were not able to understand and communicate effectively in the local Mizo language. The ecological niche and the agricultural practices, where the villagers are constantly exposed to mosquito bites in the forest greatly facilitate malaria transmission in this region. In addition to vector control measures, active parasite surveillance is key to malaria control in this region.
Identifying yield and growing season precipitation gaps for maize and millet in Cameroon
Authors: Epule Terence Epule , Poirier Vincent , Etongo Daniel , Andriamasinoro Jessica 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Climate change drives huge differences between the actual and projected yield and growing season precipitation. Therefore, this work identifies yield and precipitation gaps for maize and millet at the national and subnational scales as well as policy considerations for agricultural policy experts that can mitigate these gaps. Yield data for the national and subnational scale analyses were obtained for the period 1961–2021 from the FAOSTAT and the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI)/IRAD of Cameroon, respectively. Growing season precipitation data for the national and subnational scales were collected from the World Bank climate change portal and the Climate Research Unit (CRU). Various machine learning algorithms were used to bias-adjust the data and to compute the potential yield and growing season precipitation from which the yield and precipitation gaps were computed. The results show a positive correlation between yield and precipitation gaps, with millet depicting the strongest correlation. The average yield gap for maize is 0.55 t/ha, higher than the average yield gap for millet that is 0.28 t/ha. Not all years with yield gaps are correlated with precipitation gaps. The average precipitation gap for maize is 108 mm/year, and it is higher than the 101 mm/year recorded for millet.
Field study of an arsenic removal plant for drinking water using activated carbon and iron in a rural community in the province of Pisco, Peru
Authors: Chavez Manuel , Ruffner Betsabé Ana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The presence of arsenic in Peru is a serious public health problem due to the geographical extension of populations that consume water with arsenic concentrations above the value recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An arsenic removal plant has been studied in a community of 50 families located in the province of Pisco, Peru, a filter media of activated carbon impregnated with iron (AC-Fe) was applied, the adsorption capacity of the material was studied against As(V) and As(III) species, also, a possible decrease in the adsorption capacity of chloride and sulfate ions. Modifications were made to the plant layout based on filtration columns and workflows. The arsenic level was reduced to levels recommended by the WHO, the plant production was estimated at 9,000 volumes of water bed until reaching its breakpoint. An optimum working flow rate of 1.8 m3 h−1 was found, it was also found that the zeolite column used for suspended solids removal did not contribute to the reduction of arsenic concentration, and the presence of ions did not reduce the arsenic removal capacity.
Application of Quercetin and its Novel Formulations in the Treatment
of Malignancies of Central Nervous System: An Updated Review of
Current Evidence based on Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Jamshidi-Mouselou Mohammad Saleh , Hashemi Amirhossein , Jamshidi-Mouselou Mohammad Sobhan , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Quercetin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in abundance
in vegetables and fruits, has emerged as a compelling subject of study in cancer treatment.
This comprehensive review delves into the significance and originality of quercetin's
multifaceted mechanisms of action, with a particular focus on its application in various
brain tumors such as glioblastoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, astrocytoma, and medulloblastoma.
This review scrutinizes the distinctive facets of quercetin's anti-cancer properties,
highlighting its capacity to modulate intricate signaling pathways, trigger apoptosis,
impede cell migration, and enhance radiosensitivity in brain tumor cells. Significantly,
it synthesizes recent research findings, providing insights into potential structure-activity
relationships that hold promise for developing novel quercetin derivatives with
heightened effectiveness. By unraveling the unique attributes of quercetin's anti-brain tumor
effects and exploring its untapped potential in combination therapies, this review
contributes to a deeper comprehension of quercetin's role as a prospective candidate for
advancing innovative treatments for brain cancer.
Recent Progress in the Synthetic Methods of Pyrazoloquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Borik Rita M. , Mostafa Mohamed S. , Behalo Mohamed S. , Khidre Rizk E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The focus of this review is on the synthetic routes available for different types of
pyrazoloquinoline derivatives. There are three types of synthetic methods: i) from pyrazole
derivatives; ii) from quinoline derivatives; and iii) miscellaneous methods. The position of
the linkage between pyrazole and quinoline rings determines the seven isomers of pyrazoloquinolines.
The purpose of this review is to provide a guide for both synthetic and medicinal
chemists to discover and design new pyrazoloquinolines for medical purposes.
Targeted Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Axis: Potential for
Sarcoma Therapy
Authors: Wani Atif Khurshid , Singh Reena , Akhtar Nahid , Prakash Ajit , Nepovimova Eugenie , Oleksak Patrik , Chrienova Zofia , Alomar Suliman , Chopra Chirag , Kuca Kamil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies often resistant to conventional chemotherapy
and radiation therapy. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B /mammalian target
of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway has emerged as a critical cancer target due
to its central role in regulating key cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, survival, and
metabolism. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in the development and progression
of bone sarcomas (BS) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS). PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have shown
promising preclinical and clinical activity in various cancers. These agents can inhibit the activation
of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, thereby reducing the downstream signaling events that promote tumor
growth and survival. In addition, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have been shown to enhance the efficacy
of other anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The different types
of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors vary in their specificity, potency, and side effect profiles and may be
effective depending on the specific sarcoma type and stage. The molecular targeting of
PI3K/Akt/mToR pathway using drugs, phytochemicals, nanomaterials (NMs), and microbe-derived
molecules as Pan-PI3K inhibitors, selective PI3K inhibitors, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors have
been delineated. While there are still challenges to be addressed, the preclinical and clinical evidence
suggests that these inhibitors may significantly improve patient outcomes. Further research is
needed to understand the potential of these inhibitors as sarcoma therapeutics and to continue developing
more selective and effective agents to meet the clinical needs of sarcoma patients.
Prognostic Significance and Functional Mechanism of UTS2 in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Shen Langping , Sun Mingzhong 
Published: January 2024

Aim:
We aimed to explore the role of urotensin 2 (UTS2) in glioblastoma (GBM).

Background:
GBM is the most malignant primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis. Previous
studies have suggested that GBM vessels undergo dynamic remodeling modulated by tumor vasodilation
and vasoconstriction instead of tumor angiogenesis.

Objective:
Here, we have first investigated the expression and function of UTS2, a potent vasoconstrictor,
in GBM.

Methods:
The mRNA expression profiles and clinical information of GBM patients were obtained
from the TCGA database. The clinical relevance of UTS2 was explored by the Mann-Whitney U
test and Cox hazard regression survival test. We further explored the role of UTS2 in GBM cell
proliferation, migration, and tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, we established the in
vivo mice model to validate its oncogenic effects on GBM progression.

Results:
Although we did not find significant correlations between UTS2 expression and patients’
clinical characteristics, UTS2 was identified as a valid independent prognostic indicator according
to multivariate survival analysis. Knockdown of UTS2 resulted in decreased GBM cell proliferation
and migration. In addition, functional enrichment analysis implied UTS2 to be involved in the
regulation of the immune microenvironment. In vivo studies showed that UTS2 knockdown suppressed
GBM xenograft growth, highlighting the tumor-promoting effects of UTS2 on GBM.

Conclusion:
Our study identified that UTS2 could predict the prognosis of GBM patients and provided
evidence regarding its oncogenic effects both in vitro and in vivo.
Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence, Control and Management within Fiji,
Kiribati, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu: A Scoping
Review with a Systematic Approach
Authors: Kuek Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) causes significant morbidity and is disproportionately
prevalent in Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The socio-political demographics of PICs
are rapidly changing, and health services must adapt to match the needs of their population.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to review the literature published within the last 15
years relating to T2D prevalence, control, and management, with a specific focus on targetable
areas for future funding and research projects.

Methods:
This review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: discussion
on T2D in the six PICs. Results were limited to those published between 1st January,
2006, and 27th July, 2023.

Results:
A total of 6,640 publications were retrieved, and 110 met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen
additional studies were identified through hand-searching. T2D prevalence differed between
countries but was predicted to increase in the coming decades, with projections of up to 31.2%
by 2030 in Tonga. Factors associated with T2D varied between countries, including Indian-Fijian
ethnicity in Fiji and tuberculosis in Kiribati. Control was generally poor, with high rates of undiagnosed
diabetes and microvascular complications. Epidemiological data was limited in some
cases, as was information describing the structure and function of diabetes services.

Conclusion:
The prevalence, control, and management of T2D varied between Fiji, Kiribati,
Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. Significant gaps remain in the data describing
these domains; however, there are clearly targetable areas for future research and diabetes management
programs.