bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential associations of sex and age with changes in HRQoL during outpatient cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Lanini Lorenza L. S. , Euler Sebastian , Zuccarella-Hackl Claudia , Fuentes Artiles Rubén , Niederseer David , Auschra Bianca , von Känel Roland , Jellestad Lena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the world’s leading cause of death. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a widely applied concept of patients’ perceived health and is directly linked to CVD morbidity, mortality, and re-hospitalization rates. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves both cardiovascular outcomes and HRQoL. Regrettably, CR is still underutilized, especially in subgroups like women and elderly patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the predictive potential of sex and age on change of HRQoL throughout outpatient CR.

Methods
497 patients of outpatient CR were retrospectively assessed from August 2015 to September 2019 at the University Hospital Zurich. A final sample of 153 individuals with full HRQoL data both at CR entry and discharge was analyzed. HRQoL was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) with its physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component scale. In two-factorial analyses of variance, we analyzed sex- and age-specific changes in HRQoL scores throughout CR, adjusting for psychosocial and clinical characteristics. Age was grouped into participants over and under the age of 65.

Results
In both sexes, mean scores of physical HRQoL improved significantly during CR (p <.001), while mean scores of mental HRQoL improved significantly in men only (p =.003). Women under the age of 65 had significantly greater physical HRQoL improvements throughout CR, compared with men under 65 (p =.043) and women over 65 years of age (p =.014). Sex and age did not predict changes in mental HRQoL throughout CR.

Conclusions
Younger women in particular benefit from CR with regard to their physical HRQoL. Among older participants, women report equal improvements of physical HRQoL than men. Our results indicate that sex- and age-related aspects of HRQoL outcomes should be considered in CR.
Pediatric traumatic brain injury in chad: about 256 cases
Authors: Canton Kessely Yannick , Sobdjolbo Olivier , Njesada Ndolembai , Toudjingar Félicien G. , Ngaringuem Olivier , Li-Iyane Ouambi Olivier , Djasde Donald , Ndiaye Kader , Soukaya Brahim , Aouami Aboubacar , Bray Kaimba R. , Ba Momar Codé 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is a frequent pathology in the pediatric environment and remains a public health concern in the world. PTBI is the leading cause of death and severe disability in children in countries with limited pediatric trauma legislation. The objective is to report the experience of the management of PTBI in children in Chad.

Methods
This report is a prospective study of 256 patients admitted for PTBI over a year period.

Result
The incidence was 19.09%. The mean age was 6.2 years with extremes of 1 day and 15 years. The male represented 68.8% with a ratio of 2.2. The transport of the injured patients to health facilities using other means than ambulances in 87.5%. Initial loss of consciousness (IOL) accounted for 79.1% and coma seizures for 34.37%. Public road accidents accounted for 64.5% of causes. Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounted for 24.2%. The cerebral scanner was performed in 37.9% of cases and had shown the association of craniocerebral lesions in 10.1% of cases. Craniocerebral wound trimming was the most common surgical procedure performed in 21.8% of cases, followed by removal of the depressed fracture of skull in 6.2% of cases. Mortality rate was 9% and sequelae 5.4%.

Conclusion
PTBI is a frequent neurosurgical pathology in the pediatric setting in Chad. The absence of health insurance in our context makes access to care and radiological examinations very difficult. The prognosis was conditioned by the rapidity of the management and the initial loss of consciousness.
No Impact of Dietary Restrictions on the Risk for Infection in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Monocenter Analysis
Authors: Barnbrock Anke , Salmanton-García Jon , Lankes Franziska , Bochennek Konrad , Schöning Stefan , Lehrnbecher Thomas 
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE Prophylactic anti-infective strategies are used in patients with cancer to decrease the risk for infection. Dietary restrictions do not allow raw vegetables and fresh fruits to limit the introduction of potentially harmful pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract, but the efficacy is unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study analyzing the impact of the dietary restrictions on infectious complications, all children treated between April 2014 and March 2018 for ALL and AML or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were included. Dietary restrictions were standard until March 2016, but were stopped in April 2016. Patients with dietary restrictions (treated April 2014-March 2016) and patients not advised for dietary restrictions (treated April 2016-March 2018) were compared regarding infectious complications, including bloodstream infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, and fever of unknown origin (FUO). RESULTS Eighty-six patients (25 female; 62 ALL; nine AML, 15 NHL) experienced 223 infections. The 46 patients with dietary restrictions and the 40 patients without food restrictions did not significantly differ regarding the number of infections per patient, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, diarrhea, FUO, admission to intensive care, and death. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that dietary restrictions do not affect the risk for infectious complications. Therefore, the indication of dietary restrictions should be reconsidered in pediatric patients with cancer.
Poor Glycemic Control Is Associated With More Rapid Kidney Function Decline After the Onset of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Shah Hetal S , McGill Janet B , Hirsch Irl B , Wu Chunyi , Galecki Andrzej , de Boer Ian H , Mauer Michael , Doria Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The role of glycemic control and its variability on the rate of kidney function decline after the onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear.

Methods
The association between baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and rates of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss during follow-up was examined by mixed-effects linear regression in 530 individuals with type 1 diabetes and early-to-moderate DKD from the Preventing Early Renal Loss (PERL) trial and 2378 individuals with type 2 diabetes and established DKD from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. The benefit of intensive vs standard glycemic control in slowing eGFR decline was examined in ACCORD. The associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived short-term glycemic variability indices and rate of eGFR decline were also evaluated in PERL.

Results
A higher baseline HbA1c was associated with a more negative eGFR slope in both PERL and ACCORD (−0.87 and −0.27 mL/min/1.73 m2/year per Hba1c unit increment, P &lt; .0001 and P = .0002, respectively). In both studies, the strength of this association progressively increased with increasing levels of albuminuria (P for interaction &lt;.05). Consistent with this, the benefit of intensive glycemic control on eGFR decline was greater in ACCORD participants with severe rather than moderate albuminuria (+1.13 vs + 0.26 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = .01). No independent associations were found in PERL between short-term glycemic variability indices and rate of eGFR decline.

Conclusion
In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, poor glycemic control is associated with a more rapid rate of glomerular filtration rate decline after DKD onset, especially in persons with severe albuminuria.
Steering the Intangible Wheel: Chief Executive Officer Effect on Corporate Cultural Change
Authors: Li Xina , Chen Guoli , Shen Rui 
Published: January 2024

We provide large-scale empirical evidence of how much chief executive officers (CEOs) change corporate culture. To do this, we use employee reviews to measure corporate cultural change in S&P 1500 firms. In a variance decomposition analysis, we find a modest effect of CEOs on corporate cultural change. The effect of CEOs on cultural change is larger than industry effect but smaller than firm effect. Regression analysis in the context of CEO succession further shows consistent evidence of a modest effect of CEO succession on corporate cultural change. In addition, the relationship between CEOs and cultural change is not likely to be fully explained by time trend, reverse causality, sample selection bias, and omitted variable bias. An investigation into the contextual contingencies of the CEO-cultural change relationship suggests that succession characteristics, such as predecessor influence and turnaround situation, weaken postsuccession cultural change, but industry task environment has a weak moderation effect. Overall, our study contributes to the literature on strategic leadership and corporate culture. Funding: X. Li acknowledges financial support from the Ian Potter (‘93D) PhD Award. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.17210 .
Percepções e experiências de idosos sobre a discriminação na velhice
Authors: Teixeira Selena Mesquita de Oliveira , Souza Luana Elayne Cunha de , Maia Luciana Maria , Silva Angélica Maria de Sousa 
Published: January 2024

Este estudo investigou como os idosos percebem e experienciam a discriminação na velhice. Participaram da pesquisa 27 idosos, com idades variando entre 63 a 88 anos. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma ficha de identificação, o TALP utilizando como palavra indutora “velhice” e uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise do TALP contou com a utilização do software IRaMuTeQ. Para as entrevistas, utilizou-se uma análise de conteúdo da qual emergiram três categorias: características e Estereótipos acerca da velhice; experiências de discriminação na velhice; e novas possibilidades e avaliação positiva da velhice. Os resultados sugerem que os idosos percebem a velhice perpassada por estereótipos negativos e, frequentemente, interiorizam sentimentos negativos por fazerem parte de um grupo social desvalorizado socialmente. Além disso, observou-se uma naturalização do preconceito contra a velhice e uma dificuldade do próprio idoso em identificar conteúdos preconceituosos. Os idosos desta pesquisa reconhecem que existe preconceito, mas sentem a dificuldade de reconhecerem que são afetados diretamente pelo preconceito e discriminação.
FIVE-YEAR MORTALITY FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME IN WALES
Authors: Stanley A. L. , Jones T. J. , Dasic D. , Kakarla S. , Kolli S. , Shanbhag S. , McCarthy M. J. H. 
Published: January 2024

AimsTraumatic central cord syndrome (CCS) typically follows a hyperextension injury and results in a motor impairment affecting the upper limbs more than the lower limbs, with occasional sensory impairment and urinary retention seen. Current evidence on mortality and long-term outcomes is limited. The primary aim of this study is to assess the five-year mortality of CCS, and to determine any difference in mortality between management groups or age.Patients and MethodsPatients ≥18 years with traumatic CCS between January 2012 and December 2017 in Wales were identified. Patient demographics and injury, management and outcome data was collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess mortality and between group differences.Results65 patients were identified (66.2% male, mean age 63.9 years). At five-years follow-up, 32.3% (n=21) of CCS patients were dead. 6 (9.2%) patients had died within 31 days of their injury. 69.2% (n=45) of patients were managed conservatively and there was no significant difference (p=0.062) in age between conservatively and surgically managed patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant difference in mortality between patients managed conservatively compared to those managed surgically (log rank test, p=0.819). However, there was a significant difference (p=0.001) in mortality between the different age groups (<50 years vs 50–70 years vs >70 years). At five-years follow up, 55.6% of the patient group aged >70 years at time of injury were dead. Respiratory failure was the most common cause of death (n=9, 42.9%).ConclusionAlmost one third of patients with traumatic CCS in Wales were dead at five years following their injury. Management type did not significantly affect mortality, however age at time of injury did. Further work assessing the long-term functional outcomes of surviving patients is needed, to allow more reliable prognostic information and functional recovery predictions to be given.
VIRTUAL JOINT SCHOOL PRIOR TO HIP AND KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: PATIENT FEEDBACK AND CARBON FOOTPRINT SAVINGS
Authors: Clarke M. , Pinto D. , Ganapathi M. 
Published: January 2024

Patient education programmes prior to hip and knee arthroplasty reduce anxiety and create realistic expectations. While traditionally delivered in-person, the Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated change to remote delivery. We describe a ‘Virtual Joint School’ (VJS) model introduced at Ysbyty Gwynedd, and present patient feedback to it.Eligible patients first viewed online educational videos created by our Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT); and then attended an interactive virtual session where knowledge was reinforced. Each session was attended by 8–10 patients along with a relative/friend; and was hosted by the MDT consisting of nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and a former patient who provided personal insight. Feedback on the VJS was obtained prospectively using an electronic questionnaire.From July 2022 to February 2023, 267 patients attended the VJS; of which 117 (44%) responded to the questionnaire. Among them, 87% found the pre-learning videos helpful and comprehensible, 92% felt their concerns were adequately addressed, 96% felt they had sufficient opportunity to ask questions and 96% were happy with the level of confidentiality involved. While 83% felt they received sufficient support from the health board to access the virtual session, 63% also took support from family/friends to attend it. Only 15% felt that they would have preferred a face-to-face format. Finally, by having ‘virtual’ sessions, each patient saved, on average, 38 miles and 62 minutes travel (10,070 miles and 274 hours saved for 267 patients).Based on the overwhelmingly positive feedback, we recommend implementation of such ‘Virtual Joint Schools’ at other arthroplasty centres as well.
IS THERE A CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN USING A QUADRICEPS TENDON OR QUADRUPLED HAMSTRING GRAFT IN ACL RECONSTRUCTION?
Authors: Awad F. , Khan F. , McIntyre J. , Hathaway L. , Guro R. , Kotwal R. , Chandratreya A 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries represent a significant burden of disease to the orthopaedic surgeon and often necessitate surgical reconstruction in the presence of instability. The hamstring graft has traditionally been used to reconstruct the ACL but the quadriceps tendon (QT) graft has gained popularity due to its relatively low donor site morbidity.MethodsThis is a single centre comparative retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients who had an ACL reconstruction (either with single tendon quadrupled hamstring graft or soft tissue quadriceps tendon graft). All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon using the All-inside technique. For this study, there were 20 patients in each group. All patients received the same post-operative rehabilitation protocol and were added to the National Ligament Registry to monitor their patient related outcome scores (PROM).ResultsThe average age of patients in the QT group was 29 years (16 males, 4 females) and in the hamstring group was 28 years (18 males, 2 females). The most common mechanism of injury in both groups was a contact twisting injury. There were no statistical differences between the two patient groups in regards to PROMS and need for further revision surgery as analysed on the National Ligament Registry.ConclusionsThe all soft tissue QT graft seems to be equivocal to quadrupled hamstring graft in terms of patient function and recovery graft characteristics. Further research may be needed to elucidate the long-term results of the all soft tissue QT graft given its recent increase in use.
UNNECESSARY PRETRANSFUSION BLOOD SAMPLING IN TRAUMA AND ORTHOPAEDICS IN WALES: A SUSTAINABILITY ISSUE AND FINANCIAL BURDEN
Authors: Richards O. J. , Johansen A. , John M. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUNDTheatre-listed trauma patients routinely require two ‘group and save’ blood-bank samples, in case they need perioperative transfusion. The Welsh Blood Service (WBS) need patients to have one recorded sample from any time in the last 10 years. A second sample, to permit cross-matching and blood issuing, must be within 7 days of transfusion (or within 48 hours if the patient is pregnant, or has been transfused within the last 3 months). The approximate cost of processing a sample is £15.00.AIMTo investigate whether routine pretransfusion blood sampling for trauma admissions exceeds requirements.METHODSElectronic records were used to collect pretransfusion sampling data for all adult non-elective trauma patients listed for theatre under a trauma and orthopaedics consultant between 1/1/2023-31/1/2023. Data were collected on unnecessary samples, rejected samples and total excess samples.RESULTS113 patients (mean age[±SD] 64.09[±19.96]) underwent 132 procedures. On average, unnecessary sampling occurred at a rate of 0.48 samples per operation, equating to a cost of £945.00/month. Samples were rejected by the laboratory at a rate of 0.25 samples per operation. Common reasons for rejection were ‘patient date of birth discrepancy’ (between sample and request form), ‘patient address discrepancy’ and ‘signature discrepancy’. Overall, total excessive sampling occurred at a rate of 0.60 samples per operation.CONCLUSIONNearly half of trauma patients undergo unnecessary blood testing in anticipation of potential perioperative transfusion. This has implications for sustainability, financial cost and patient welfare. This signals poor understanding of WBS requirements and is an area that requires improvement.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMMES IN WELSH NETBALL: SURVEY OF KNOWLEDGE, IMPLEMENTATION, AND BARRIERS AMONG PLAYERS AND COACHES
Authors: Abdul W. , Moore I. S. , Robertson A. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPerception of ACL injury prevention programs amongst professional netball players and coaches has not been studied. We investigated (1) level of awareness and experience of ACL injury prevention programs; (2) use of ACL injury prevention programs; and (3) barriers to implementing ACL injury prevention program in netball.MethodologyFemale netball players representing Welsh senior and under-21 teams and elite and amateur coaches were invited electronically to this web-based study between 1st May–31st July 2021. Information on ACL injury susceptibility and seriousness, knowledge, experience, and implementation of ACL injury prevention programs were ascertained.ResultsTwenty-eight players (77.8%) and 29 coaches (13.2%) completed the questionnaire. Seventeen (60.7%) players and 15 (51.7%) coaches reported female athletes were at greater risk for sustaining ACL injuries. Over 90% of respondents identified netball as high-risk, whilst 89% of players and 76% of coaches reported these injuries to be preventable. Two (7.1%) players and 6 (20.7%) coaches utilised ACL injury prevention programs with lack of time and engagement from coaches and players identified. Majority of respondents indicated that their club has neither promoted, advocated nor demonstrated exercises for ACL injury prevention. Over 90% of respondents would utilise such programs if it minimised players risk with appropriate training and information.ConclusionStudy highlights limited knowledge of female athletes’ increased susceptibility of ACL injuries with lack of communication and education of ACL injury prevention programs between sporting associations, coaches and players. Results demonstrate willingness of players and coaches to implement ACL injury prevention programs in Welsh netball.
Mind-body internet and mobile-based interventions for depression and anxiety in adults with chronic physical conditions: A systematic review of RCTs
Authors: Johnson Emily , Corrick Shaina , Isley Serena , Vandermeer Ben , Dolgoy Naomi , Bates Jack , Godfrey Elana , Soltys Cassidy , Muir Conall , Vohra Sunita , Tandon Puneeta 
Published: January 2024

This review summarizes the effectiveness of scalable mind-body internet and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) on depression and anxiety symptoms in adults living with chronic physical conditions. Six databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL) were searched for randomized controlled trials published from database inception to March 2023. Mind-body IMIs included cognitive behavioral therapy, breathwork, meditation, mindfulness, yoga or Tai-chi. To focus on interventions with a greater potential for scale, the intervention delivery needed to be online with no or limited facilitation by study personnel. The primary outcome was mean change scores for anxiety and depression (Hedges’ g). In subgroup analyses, random-effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size estimates based on personnel support level, intervention techniques, chronic physical condition, and survey type. Meta-regression was conducted on age and intervention length. Fifty-six studies met inclusion criteria (sample size 7691, mean age of participants 43 years, 58% female): 30% (n = 17) neurological conditions, 12% (n = 7) cardiovascular conditions, 11% cancer (n = 6), 43% other chronic physical conditions (n = 24), and 4% (n = 2) multiple chronic conditions. Mind-body IMIs demonstrated statistically significant pooled reductions in depression (SMD = -0.33 [-0.40, -0.26], p<0.001) and anxiety (SMD = -0.26 [-0.36, -0.17], p<0.001). Heterogeneity was moderate. Scalable mind-body IMIs hold promise as interventions for managing anxiety and depression symptoms in adults with chronic physical conditions without differences seen with age or intervention length. While modest, the effect sizes are comparable to those seen with pharmacological therapy. The field would benefit from detailed reporting of participant demographics including those related to technological proficiency, as well as further evaluation of non-CBT interventions.
Registration: The study is registered with PROSPERO ID #CRD42022375606.