bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tragedy
Authors: Lloyd G E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the key themes of this book occur repeatedly throughout the corpus of Greek tragedy, causation and responsibility, good and evil, reality and appearances, authority and control. An entire volume could easily be devoted to those topics in Greek drama alone. We shall have to be more than usually selective, concentrating on just a handful of plays to study what they have to say about plagues, disease, madness, pollution, about foreknowledge and helplessness: who is sound, who ill, who is mad, who can tell, who save? Sophocles is important for our purposes not just because his extant plays, the Oedipus Tyrannus especially, deal with such themes with such subtlety and depth, but also because of other facts we know about his life.
The Historians
Authors: Lloyd G E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can talk of historiography being invented in Greece in the work first of Herodotus and then of Thucydides in this sense, that their claim to attention and to prestige took a different form from that of any earlier writers. That claim was based on being able to give a true account of what happened, in Herodotus’ case in the Persian Wars, in Thucydides’ in the Peloponnesian War. Herodotus reconstructs the past, Thucydides deals with contemporary events. But both distance themselves from works that we should call fiction, the telling of stories that had nothing to do with real events, however much verisimilitude they could command. True, the connection and the distinction between ‘myth’ and ‘logos’ were, and remained, problematic, for ‘myth’ could cover any narrative account, fictional or not, and ‘logos’ equally could be used of any story, true or false. Nevertheless both Herodotus and Thucydides are at pains to justify their claim to record what actually happened. In neither case are their histories limited to mere descriptions of how it was. Both memorialize the past. Both have lessons to convey about what can be learned from it, and about human nature generally.
Plato
Authors: Lloyd G E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may seem extraordinary to some students of ancient philosophy to find a whole chapter devoted to Plato in a book on disease and the Greek imagination. Yet we can study four different aspects of his thought where the notion of disease plays an important role, first in his psychology, then relatedly in his theory of justice—both in the individual and in the state—and thirdly in his views on authority and insistence on the need for experts, not least in the moral and political domains. Finally there is his own extended discussion of diseases both of the body and of the soul in the Timaeus—clear recognition, surely, of his sense of the importance of the topic, even though why he should have considered it so important, and decided to devote so many pages to it in his cosmological work, are questions we shall have to tackle and try to resolve at the end of this chapter.
Epilogue
Authors: Lloyd G E R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The account of Graeco-Roman ideas and attitudes towards disease that I have presented in these studies is very different from those histories that are limited to medicine in the strict sense, let alone from those that put the emphasis, within that field, on the achievements and discoveries of the ancients. There were indeed, as I explained, advances in knowledge of the internal structure of the body and on other subjects. But there was certainly no triumphant victory of naturalistic medicine over those traditional varieties that invoked personal gods and healing heroes.
The Protogeometric Aegean
Authors: Lemos Irene S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first full and up-to-date survey of Aegean archaeology at the beginning of the Iron Age (late eleventh and tenth centuries BC) since Snodgrass’s classic The Dark Age of Greece (1971). These crucial 150 years in the development of ancient Greek society are known as the Protogeometric period after the characteristic pottery which was commonly in use in the Aegean. The book offers a detailed account of old and new discoveries with chapters on pottery, metal finds, burial customs, and architectural remains (and how to use them to understand the social and political structure of the society). This analysis of the material culture of the period covers not only well-known sites such as Athens and Lefkandi but also other, less familiar, regions, many of which are discussed in English for the first time. In addition, Dr Lemos examines a number of specific issues such as relative and absolute chronology, the introduction of iron technology in the Aegean, and the use of handmade pottery and jewellery. The archaeological record is also used to suggest interpretations of the social and political structure of the society, cult practices, and the use of Homer in understanding the period. The book challenges the description of the period from the collapse of the Mycenean palace system to the formation of early Greek city-states as the ‘Dark Age of Greece’. Dr Lemos argues that some of the advances on socio-economic structures towards the formation of states, which were thought to belong to the eighth century BC, might have started to develop much earlier, in the course of the tenth century.
Introduction
Authors: Plunkett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The media is one of the principal means by which the British monarchy maintains its traditional prominence. Yet, as my epigraph demonstrates, the relationship between these two institutions is anything but a new concern. This book argues that the growth of a mass print and visual culture in the nineteenth century was a vital influence upon the development of the British monarchy. Queen Victoria was the first monarch to preside over conditions approaching a mass urban and industrial society. During her reign, she was subject to both the political demands of a partially enfranchised public and the public demands of a nascent mass media. These pressures, and the symbiotic links between them, are crucial for understanding Victoria’s creation as a populist sovereign. In conjunction with the far-reaching social changes of the century, a burgeoning publishing industry helped to reinvent the position of the monarchy in national life.
Schooling Sex
Authors: Turner James Grantham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How did Casanova learn the theory of sex? Why did male pornographers write in the characters of women? What happens when philosophers take sexuality seriously and the sex-writers present their outrageous fantasies as an educational, philosophical quest? Schooling Sex is the first full history of early modern libertine literature and its reception, from Aretino and Tullia d’Aragona in 16th century Italy to Pepys, Rochester, and Behn in late 17th century England. James Turner explores the idea of sexual education, from the simple instructional dialogue to the advanced experiments of the philosophical libertine, analysing the hard-core curiculum that defined sexuality centuries before the Marquis de Sade. He shows how close, nuanced readings of neglected but compelling texts - like the searingly explicit Alcibiade fanciullo, L’escole des filles, and Aloisia Sigea - link them to larger issues of gender politics, aesthetics, literary criticism, sexual history, medical science, mind-body philosophy, and the educational revolution.
‘The Last Chapter’: Alfred Lord Tennyson and the Red, White, and Blue
Authors: Matthews Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Amongst the mass of floral tributes sent to Westminster Abbey for the Poet Laureate’s funeral on Wednesday 12 October 1892, was a wreath of mignonette and fern made by the Prime Minister’s wife, Catherine Gladstone. It was inscribed with the closing couplet of Tennyson’s first laureate publication, the ‘Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington’ (1852): ‘And in the vast cathedral leave him, | God accept him, Christ receive him.’ The Gladstones’ tribute exemplifies the complex interaction of private and public values in Tennyson’s death rituals.
The Later Publication of the Sonnets
Authors: Edmondson Paul , Wells Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Absence of the Sonnets, along with Shakespeare’s other poems, from the first collected edition of Shakespeare need imply no disrespect. The title of the First Folio of 1623—Mr William Shakespeare’s Comedies, Histories and Tragedies—explicitly limits its contents to plays. It was put together by Shakespeare’s theatrical colleagues, Heminges and Condell; even if they wished to reprint the poems, practical problems may have deterred them. The narrative poems were still selling successfully, so their copyright holders would have had no incentive to release them. The Sonnets, on the other hand, appear not to have sold well.
Junior and Antiquior at the University of Paris at the End of the Middle Ages*
Authors: Tournier Laurent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Notwithstanding the youthful composition of its membership, the student population of medieval corporate universities was quite diverse with respect to age. In Paris, for example, if we exclude anomalous cases of students in their fifties, the young arts students began their course of study at about 13-14 years old, having completed an elementary education in grammar school or elsewhere.
Malignancy and the Reform of the University of Oxford in the Mid-Seventeenth Century
Authors: Boran Elizabethanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For that Academy and City have ever since these distracted and disturbant times, been the Treasury of Refractory obstinacy, and the storehouse of our Mischiefes; whom to suppresse and bring into order and conformity, our Almighty Parliament hath sought by all favourable meanes and by most perswasive Exhortations from the Presse and Pulpits, there hath been nothing by us neglected, that might reforme them. But finding their obduracy immoveable, their inveteracy implacable, and their reducancy impossible; we (out of a Christian care of the future prosperity of that Renowned well-spring and fountaine of Learning),
The Making of the Modern Engineer: Analytic Rationality and Social Change in the Kingdom of Naples
Authors: Mazzotti Massimo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of the emergence and legitimization of modern professions in the Italian states has been attracting growing interest, proving to be an area where the methodological resources of historiography and social theory can be fruitfully combined.1 Among the most convincing results of this research is the connection between the creation of the new professional figures and the definition of the administrative and bureaucratic structure of the modern state, particularly in the Napoleonic period.
Petitions and Addresses
Authors: Knights Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The case studies in the previous chapter highlighted the role of petitions and addresses in articulating diverse opinions, and this chapter examines the subscriptional genres more closely. Petitions and addresses are important because they shed light on the multi-faceted nature of the public: as a unity capable of articulating its will; as judge of state affairs; but also as potentially factious, contradictory, and irrational.
Americas
Authors: Manning Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the mid-eighteenth century, all of the ‘settled’ Americas were subject to one of the great European imperial powers: England, Spain, Portugal, and France. Transplanted religion and language, legal, political, and education systems, were the base on which their colonial cultures developed. ‘Romanticism’ in the Americas is usually associated with emancipation from colonial status; but dates alone demonstrate that British and American Romanticism will not simply equate: for Britain we tend to think of the period 1789 to 1832; Romanticism in the United States followed the Anglo-American War of 1812–14 which crystallized national feeling and gave a strong impetus to the development of an indigenous literature between 1835 and 1865; Canadians distinguish between francophone and Anglophone dominions, and, prior to Confederation in 1867, neither literature was markedly radical or reflective.
Biography and autobiography
Authors: Harding Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The half-century from 1776 to 1832 marked the arrival of biography and autobiography as major literary genres. Their rise to prominence is one of the most significant features of the literary culture that defines the Romantic movement. Reading biography and autobiography of this period is rewarding, not only for what the texts themselves tell us about the lives of prominent women and men of the period, but more especially because the rapid emergence of the genres at this time marks a crucial stage in the development of the modern idea of ‘the author’, as a figure of cultural significance.
The nineteenth- and twentieth-century novel
Authors: Herbert Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Romantic influences on the novel are very deep as well as widespread, with the novelistic inheritance from the Romantic poets probably even greater than from the novelists. It would be an impossible task, in the space available, to provide even an overview, let alone a discussion of any large selection of the innumerable later novels influenced by Romantic writers of poetry or fiction. Instead, what is offered here is a consideration of examples of major nineteenth- and twentieth-century novelists who stand out for the qualities they have inherited from the Romantics, and have developed in their own ways.
Transhistorical Unity of the New Testament Canon from Philosophical, Exegetical, and Systematic-Theological Perspectives
Authors: Helmer Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diversity characterizes the biblical canon when it is viewed for its historical, thematic, and material-theological content. Historical plurality is written into the redactional layers of both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. Even in descriptions of one and the same event, different narrators relay different stories, each told from a particular historical and cultural location that lends a different interpretational spin to the basic story. Furthermore, thematic plurality characterizes biblical content. From the aetiology of creation and human origins to architectural design, from ethical injunctions to immoral behaviour, from curses to hymns, the Bible represents its diverse themes in many literary genres shaping the subject matter through different languages.
From Literature to Scripture: The Unity and Plurality of the Hebrew Scriptures in Light of the Qumran Library
Authors: Lange Armin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When compared to the cultural achievements of Antiquity, the collections of literature that later became the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Old Testament were exceptional phenomena only paralleled by the New Testament. In the following introductory remarks, I will discuss the views of canon in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, ancient Greece, and post-Second Temple Judaism before turning to the subject at hand: canon in Judaism during Hellenistic times.
Unity and Plurality in Jewish Canons: The Case of the Oral and Written Torahs
Authors: Sommer Benjamin D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discussions of canon among biblical theologians often focus on the canon’s unity, perhaps because the canon’s boundaries lend a sense of integration to an anthology that otherwise seems remarkably diverse. This concern for canon as unifying force raises several questions that I would like to address from the vantage point of Jewish traditions about canon. First, does the unity of the canon stop at the borders of the canon, or is there a transcanonical unity that includes post-biblical Jewish literature? Put differently: Are there texts outside the canon that are canonical? By phrasing the question this way, I deliberately highlight two uses of the term canon. In the first part of this question, the word ‘canon’ has a narrow meaning: the closed list of books that make up the Bible. In the second half, the word ‘canonical’ is less narrow; it refers to texts that are widely accepted within a religious community as sacred, significant, worthy of study, or requiring obedience.
In Search of the Invisible Man
Authors: Carey Sorcha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the practice, from the Renaissance onwards, of recognizing famous literary figures from the ancient world in the surviving portraiture,1 2 no ancient portrait has ever been identified as Pliny the Elder. His omission from this visual canon of Classical literature may be to do with the fact that, in bleak contrast to the likes of Cicero, Pliny’s prose has remained a model to be avoided at all costs.3 But the role which the Natural History enjoyed throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, as a sourcebook to be consulted on anything from medicine to agriculture,4 must also have ensured that there was never any great need to find an ancient face to fit the name. Classed as nothing more than a compiler of information, Pliny was always destined to remain an anonymous figure.
Representing Empire: Monuments and the Creation of Roman Space
Authors: Carey Sorcha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Borges’ short story ‘Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius’ tells of a series of chance finds which lead to the discovery of a new planet. First, the uncovering of the only copy of Volume XLVI of the Anglo-American Cyclopaedia to have 921 pages instead of the usual 917, the extra four pages detailing the topography and history of an unknown country called Uqbar. Then, the appearance of A First Encyclopaedia of Tlon. Vol. XI. Hlaer to Jangr, with no indication of the date or place of publication. The planet Tlon, of which Uqbar is one of the countries, provides the scholars of Borges’ story with a whole new world to dissect, a new history to write, a new geography to map. And despite the fact that, as we learn at the end, Tlon and Uqbar are entirely the invention of a millionaire called Ezra Buckley, the fiction of the Orbis Tertius supplants the reality of the hitherto known world.
The Artifice of Nature
Authors: Carey Sorcha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the midst of his discussion of painting in book 35, Pliny presents us with an extraordinary image. He has just been praising the frescoes of the Roman painter Studius,1 and goes on to note that it is only the creators of panel paintings, not frescoes, who enjoy any fame. The comment fits with the nationalistic focus of Pliny’s work. It explains why the Roman painter Studius who ranks high in Pliny’s estimation, is so little known. But it also, rather ironically, leads Pliny into a eulogy of a past, when it was not yet the custom to decorate whole walls. The theme is a familiar one-on several occasions in the Natural History Pliny highlights the decline of painting into luxury. But what is unusual about this particular passage is who Pliny chooses to people his ideal past with. Protogenes and Apelles, two of the most famous painters from the Greek canon, are imagined by Pliny living in simple surroundings, free of the luxurious decorations which characterize the contemporary Roman house.
Imaging Memory
Authors: Carey Sorcha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Memory, not surprisingly, is a theme with special reference for Pliny. He devotes an entire section of book 7 to describing particularly outstanding examples of this ‘most essential gift in life’–including, at 7.88, Lucius Scipio who ‘could list the names of the whole Roman people’, and a Greek named Charmadas, who could recite ‘on demand, the contents of whole volumes in libraries, as if he were reading them’. In comparing his own work in the preface to a thesaurus (a treasury or storehouse),1 Pliny invokes a metaphor which was frequently used by Romans to describe memory. The Rhetorica ad Herennium, for example, called memoria ‘the Repository of inventions’. This idea of preservation which is inherent to memory dominates Pliny’s work-hence the appropriateness of the storehouse as a metaphor. As we have already seen, Pliny repeatedly draws attention to his inclusion of information with phrases such as ‘nor should we omit’, or ‘nor should we forget’. But Pliny is also aware of the fragility of memory. At 7.90 he notes that ‘nothing else in man is as fragile’, and counter-balances his list of amazing feats of memory, with some peculiar instances of forgetting-a man, for example, who when hit by a stone, ‘forgot (oblitus) how to read and write, but nothing else’.
Thinking about the Origins of Theatre in the 1970s
Authors: Fischer-Lichte Erika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the reasons why Greek theatre has become so prominent in the last three decades is that the theatre has been informed by some significant theoretical and scholarly trends which emerged from the intellectual crisis of the 1960s. In 1972, for example, there appeared two anthropological studies of sacrificial ritual, Rene Girard’s La Violence et le sacré, and Walter Burkert’s Homo Necans. Both used evidence from ancient Greece to explain the practice of sacrificial ritual, and even traced the origins of Greek tragedy to ritual practice.
Halakhah and Israel
Authors: Sinclair Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 3,000-year history of the halakhah continues in the modern State of Israel. Traditional sources are studied, new commentaries are compiled, and rabbinic authorities continue to seek solutions to halakhic problems in much the same way as they did in the past. There are, however, a number of halakhic topics which are unique to modern Israel. Some are related to the special halakhic status of the Land of Israel, others have arisen as a result of the fact that in Israel the halakhic community is an active participant in the life of a secular state.
The changing role of the woman
Authors: Baskin Judith R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last two centuries the domestic, religious, and communal roles of Jewish women in the western world have undergone significant expansions as a result of the social, educational, economic, and technological transformations associated with modernity. This chapter explores how women’s enhanced opportunities in organization formation, spiritual leadership, liturgical and ritual innovation, and Jewish feminist theology have altered significant aspects of contemporary Judaism.
Jewish–Muslim relations
Authors: Firestone Reuven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is impossible to understand the complex nature of modern Jewish–Muslim relations without revisiting Arabia of the seventh century, when the new Believers (mu _min ū n ) of emerging Islam began to establish their foundational world-views. It is in this context that Muhammad and his followers came into contact with Jews, and this contact became extremely important because reactions to it were recorded for posterity in the Quran. Muhammad was forced out of Mecca by his own tribe in 622, and found refuge in Medina, where he came into contact with the Jewish community living there.
Pasolini’s Agamemnon Translation, Screen Version and Performance
Authors: Fusillo Massimo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1959 Pier Paolo Pasolini was asked by Vittorio Gassman to translate Aeschylus’ Oresteia. The translation was intended to be an essential part of an innovative project, which would have revolutionized the classic performance praxis of Syracuse’ s ‘ Festival of Ancient Drama’.1 Although Pasolini already had some juvenile experience in translating Greek poetry (for example Sappho into Friulan dialect) and tragedy, this was to be his Wrst public engagement with it. In a short essay published in the programme, the ‘ Lettera del traduttore’2 he openly discloses his method of translation. Pressed by production deadlines Organized by the National Institute of Ancient Drama (INDA). This is the most popular and long-lasting festival of Greek and Roman drama in Italy.