bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Surgical Management of Thoracic and Limb Injuries in a Hare (Lepus nigricollis)
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Arora Neeraj , Tiwari Deepak Kumar , Sharma Satbir 
Published: February 2024

A one-month old hare (Lepus nigricollis) was brought to the department in emergency with a complaint of dog bite two hours ago due to long chase with dog. Animal was unconscious due to numerous wounds on the thorax and limbs. On clinical examination, fast heart beats were measured from the thoracic perforation at 5th intercostal space and an open wound at the hock joint with abrasions was visible on right hind limb. The animal was handled with appropriate care and after stabilization of vital parameters, surgical management was undertaken under general anaesthesia. The animal showed marked improvement and recovered uneventfully on the 10th post-operative day.
Hoechst 33258 as a pH‐Sensitive Probe to Study the Interaction of Amine Oxide Surfactants with DNA
Authors: Goracci Laura , Germani Raimondo , Savelli Gianfranco , Bassani Dario M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe use of Hoechst 33258 (HO) as a fluorescent probe to characterize the interactions between DNA and pH‐sensitive amphiphiles is discussed. In the case of amine oxide amphiphiles dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) and p‐dodecyloxybenzyldimethylamine oxide (pDoAO), the decrease in fluorescence emission, which signals DNA–amphiphile association, is accompanied by a large hypsochromic shift in the emission maximum of the bound probe; this eventually reaches a value characteristic of HO in a neutral or slightly basic environment. These findings are compared to results obtained by using the more common ethidium bromide (EB) probe, which shows no such shift. Circular dichroism and fluorescence depolarization experiments indicate that fluorescence emission only occurs from the DNA‐bound probe, and the observed shift in emission maximum when using HO as a fluorescent probe is due to a variation in the local pH in the vicinity of the probe.
On the Electronic Structure of Ethidium
Authors: Luedtke Nathan W. , Liu Qi , Tor Yitzhak 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe electronic structure of the common intercalating agent ethidium bromide (3,8‐diamino‐5‐ethyl‐6‐phenylphenanthridinium bromide) is dominated by an interplay of electron donating and withdrawing effects mediated by its nitrogen atoms. X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis and IR absorption, fluorescence emission, and NMR spectroscopy are used to probe the electronic properties of the phenanthridinium “core” of ethidium as well as its exocyclic amines and 6‐phenyl groups. Interestingly, despite its positive charge, most of ethidium's aromatic carbon and hydrogen atoms have high electron densities (compared to both 6‐phenylphenanthridine and benzene). The data suggest that electron donation by ethidium's exocyclic amines dominates over the electron withdrawing effects of its endocyclic iminium in their combined influence on the electron densities of these atoms. Ethidium's nitrogen atoms are, conversely, electron deficient where the 5‐position is the most electropositive, followed by the 3‐amino, and lastly the 8‐amino group. These results have been used to generate an empirically‐based π‐electron density map of ethidium that may prove useful to understanding its nucleic acid binding specificity.
Dimeric Palladium Complexes with Bridging Aryl Groups: When are they Stable?
Authors: Albéniz Ana C. , Espinet Pablo , López‐Cimas Oscar , Martín‐Ruiz Blanca 
Published: November 2004

AbstractStable dimeric palladium(II) complexes of general formula [Pd2(μ‐R)2(η3‐allyl)2] (R=haloaryl, mesityl) have been prepared. Their X‐ray crystal structures, determined for some of the complexes, show that the two coordination square planes are usually coplanar. The haloaryl complexes are fluxional in solution, showing exchange between cis and trans isomers (relative to the orientation of the two allyl groups in the dimer) through solvent‐assisted associative bridge splitting. A number of other ancillary ligands (O,O, S,S, or C,N donors) failed to stabilize the bridging situation. Also, bridging phenyls were unstable. The reasons for this behavior and the formation of alternative compounds in attempts at synthesizing them are fully analyzed and explained. Stable aryl bridges seem to be favored by a combination of factors: the use of ancillary ligands of small size and lacking electron lone pairs, and the use of aryl ligands reluctant to homo and hetero CC coupling. These seem to be more important factors in the stabilization of bridging aryl complexes than the strength of the bridges themselves.
“Bent Bonds” between Bismuth and Carbon Atoms as a Result of CH Activation in MoBi Complexes
Authors: Roggan Stefan , Schnakenburg Gregor , Limberg Christian , Sandhöfner Steffen , Pritzkow Hans , Ziemer Burkhard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe reaction of molybdocenedihydride with two equivalents of [Bi(OtBu)3] proceeds via alcohol elimination and provides the compound [Cp2Mo{Bi(OtBu)2}2] (1), which contains two MoBi metal bonds, in good yields. If the two reagents are employed in a 1:1 ratio continuative condensation reactions occur. These initially lead to [{Cp2Mo}2{μ‐Bi(OtBu)}2] (2), which, however, is very unstable in solution and decomposes via additional alcohol elimination: Complex‐induced proximity effects facilitate the cleavage of CH bonds within the cyclopentadienyl ligands by the residual alkoxide ligands, so that spontaneously two further equivalents of alcohol are released, thereby yielding two isomeric compounds 3 and 4 with Cp ligands bridging MoBi metal bonds: The first isomer (3) contains two μ2‐η5:η1‐C5H4 ligands, the second isomer (4) contains one bridging μ3‐η5:η1:η1‐C5H3 ligand. The binding of these ligands to molybdenum and bismuth atoms at the same time is made possible through “bent bonds” between the bismuth and certain carbon centres. These unusual bonding situations were analysed by means of calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, natural bond order (NBO) considerations and the electron localisation function (ELF). According to the results the bonds can be understood in terms of carbanionic centres interacting with bismuth cations (i.e. closed‐shell interactions). The formation of these bonds and the thermodynamics/kinetics involved on going from 2 to 3 and 4 were also studied by theoretical methods, so that the product formation is rationalised. The crystal structures of all four new compounds were determined. These structures but also the properties and mechanisms of formation are discussed against the background of the corresponding results obtained while studying the system [MeCp2MoH2]/[Bi(OtBu)3].
Enlarged and prominent nucleoli may be indicative of MYCN amplification
Authors: Kobayashi Chie , Monforte‐Munoz Hector L. , Gerbing Robert B. , Stram Daniel O. , Matthay Katherine K. , Lukens John N. , Seeger Robert C. , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccording to the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification, neuroblastomas exhibiting MYCN amplification (A‐MYCN) have unique histologic features—namely, undifferentiated/poorly differentiated subtype with a high mitosis‐karyorrhexis index (U/PD‐H). Nonetheless, certain tumors possessing these histologic characteristics contain a nonamplified MYCN gene (NA‐MYCN).METHODSThe clinical characteristics of patients from the Children's Cancer Group (CCG) 3881 and 3891 studies who had neuroblastoma, U/PD‐H, exhibiting A‐MYCN (n = 68) or NA‐MYCN (n = 33) were investigated. The histologic and cytologic features of tumors (A‐MYCN, n = 62; NA‐MYCN, n = 28) filed at the Pathology Reference Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, were reviewed, and nucleolar areas in undifferentiated neuroblastic cells were evaluated using image analysis methods.RESULTSAll 68 patients whose tumors exhibited A‐MYCN had disease that was in an advanced clinical stage (Stage III or IV); 89.7% of these patients were diagnosed between ages 0.5 and 3.5 years, and 67 of the 68 had been treated with the high‐risk protocol in the CCG‐3891 study. Children whose tumors exhibited NA‐MYCN were evenly distributed across all age groups; 30 of these 33 children had advanced‐stage disease, and 26 had been treated with a high‐risk protocol. The prognosis associated with A‐MYCN (event free survival [EFS], 15.7%; overall survival [OS], 22.2%) was significantly poorer than the prognosis associated with NA‐MYCN (EFS, 56.1%; OS, 69.3%). The lone histologic/cytologic difference between tumors exhibiting A‐MYCN and tumors exhibiting NA‐MYCN involved nucleolar appearance. Neuroblastic cells in tumors exhibiting A‐MYCN were characterized by the presence of 1 or more large, prominent nucleoli, and the mean nucleolar area was significantly greater in the 18 tumors exhibiting A‐MYCN that were assessed (7.63 μm2) than in the 16 tumors exhibiting NA‐MYCN that were assessed (5.53 μm2; P = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSNeuroblastomas, U/PD‐H, were found to vary in terms of molecular background and clinical behavior. The results of the current study indicate that nucleolar enlargement in neuroblastic cells may be a sign of MYCN amplification. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Drug ADME‐associated protein database as a resource for facilitating pharmacogenomics research
Authors: Zheng C.J. , Sun L. Z. , Han L. Y. , Ji Z. L. , Chen X. , Chen Y. Z. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIncreasing effort and interest have been directed at pharmacogenomics for elucidating the mechanism of individual differences in drug response and the design of personalized drugs and dosages. Knowledge about drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) proteins and drug targets is useful for facilitating the search and evaluation of polymorphisms and other pharmacogenomic‐contributing factors. A database of drug ADME‐associated proteins, at http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/admeap/admeap.asp, serves as a resource for comprehensive information about proteins potentially responsible for pharmacogenetic effects of pharmacokinetic origin. This database currently contains entries for 316 ADME‐associated proteins, 1,070 substrates and inhibitors, 1,337 known polymorphisms in 121 proteins, and 327 drugs reported to have altered responses linked to an ADME‐associated protein. It also provides physiological function of each protein, pharmacokinetic effect, ADME classification, direction, and driving force of disposition, location and tissue distribution, synonyms, and gene name. Information in this database and its usefulness for facilitating pharmacogenomic research is discussed. Drug Dev. Res. 62:134–142, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The molecular requirements for LAT‐mediated differentiation and the role of LAT in limiting pre‐B cell expansion
Authors: Su Yu‐wen , Herzog Sebastian , Lotz Michael , Feldhahn Niklas , Müschen Markus , Jumaa Hassan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSuccessful recombination of the heavy‐chain locus in developing B cells results in the expression of the pre‐BCR, which induces the proliferation and expansion of pre‐B cells. To avoid uncontrolled proliferation, pre‐BCR signals transmitted via the adaptor protein SLP‐65 (SH2‐domain‐containing leukocyte protein of 65 kDa) lead to the down‐regulation of pre‐BCR expression and to pre‐B cell differentiation. Here, we show that, similarly to SLP‐65, the adaptor protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells) limits pre‐B cell proliferation and reduces the potential of a tumorgenic pre‐B cell line to develop leukemia in immune‐deficient mice. We further show that the four distal tyrosines are required for LAT activity in pre‐B cells. Mutation at Y136 completely abolishes LAT activity, whereas single point‐mutations at Y175, Y195 or Y235 impair, but do not block, LAT‐induced pre‐B cell differentiation. As LAT is also expressed in human pre‐B cells, our results suggest that LAT cooperates with SLP‐65 to promote the differentiation and control the proliferation of both murine and human pre‐B cells.
Activation of human neonatal monocyte‐derived dendritic cells by lipopolysaccharide down‐regulates birch allergen‐induced Th2 differentiation
Authors: Andersson Anna‐Carin , Seppälä Ulla , Rudin Anna 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEpidemiological studies describe an inverse association between the level of environmental endotoxin exposure during infancy and the prevalence of allergic disease in children. To study the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipopeptide Pam3Cys signaling via Toll‐like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR2 on dendritic cells (DC), respectively, on birch allergen‐induced T cell differentiation, cord blood monocyte‐derived DC were exposed to birch allergen extract alone or in combination with LPS or Pam3Cys and thereafter co‐cultured with naive autologous T cells. We demonstrate that birch allergen alone induced high levels of IL‐13 from neonatal T cells, whereas the production of IL‐5 and IFN‐γ was modest. Stimulation of DC with birch allergen together with LPS but not Pam3Cys resulted in a decreased IL‐13 production by T cells compared to birch allergen alone. Furthermore, birch allergen together with LPS induced increased up‐regulation of activation markers expressed on the surface and production of cytokines from DC relative to stimulation with birch allergen alone. Finally, birch allergen partially suppressed both LPS‐ and Pam3Cys‐induced DC maturation. Our results indicate that concomitant TLR4 stimulation during the initial phase of immune activation to birch allergen in infants may inhibit the development of a T helper 2‐type response.
Restoration of C1q levels by bone marrow transplantation attenuates autoimmune disease associated with C1q deficiency in mice
Authors: Cortes‐Hernandez Josefina , Fossati‐Jimack Liliane , Petry Franz , Loos Michael , Izui Shozo , Walport Mark J. , Cook H. Terence , Botto Marina 
Published: November 2004

AbstractC1q deficiency in both humans and mice is strongly associated with autoimmunity. We have previously shown that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) restored C1q levels in C1q‐deficient (C1qa–/–) mice. Here, we studied the effect of BMT on autoimmunity in C1qa–/– mice. Following irradiation, young C1qa–/– or wild‐type MRL/Mp mice received bone marrow cells (BMC) from strain‐matched wild‐type or C1qa–/– animals. C1q levels increased rapidly when C1qa–/– mice received BMC from wild‐type mice. Conversely, they decreased slowly in wild‐type mice transplanted with C1qa–/– BMC. C1qa–/– animals transplanted with C1qa–/– BMC demonstrated accelerated disease when compared with wild‐type mice given wild‐type BMC. In contrast, a significant delay in the development of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis was observed in C1qa–/– mice reconstituted with wild‐type BMC, and the impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, previously described in C1qa–/– mice, was rectified. Moreover, the autoimmune disease was accelerated in wild‐type mice given C1qa–/– BMC compared to animals transplanted with wild‐type cells. These results provide supporting evidence that BMT may be a therapeutic option in the treatment of autoimmunity associated with human C1q deficiency.
Application of scanning probe microscopy to the characterization and fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials
Authors: Greene Mark E. , Kinser C. Reagan , Kramer Donald E. , Pingree Liam S.C. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractScanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a widely used experimental technique for characterizing and fabricating nanostructures on surfaces. In particular, due to its ability to spatially map variations in materials properties with nanometer spatial resolution, SPM is particularly well suited to probe the subcomponents and interfaces of hybrid nanomaterials, i.e., materials that are made up of distinct nanometer scale components with distinguishable properties. In addition, the interaction of the SPM tip with materials can be intentionally tuned such that local surface modification is achieved. In this manner, hybrid nanostructures can also be fabricated on solid substrates using SPM. This report reviews recent developments in the characterization and fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials with SPM. Specific attention is given to nanomaterials that consist of both organic and inorganic components including individual biomolecules mounted on inorganic substrates. SPM techniques that are particularly well suited for characterizing the mechanical and electrical properties of such hybrid systems in atmospheric pressure environments are highlighted, and specific illustrative examples are provided. This review concludes with a brief discussion of the remaining challenges and promising future prospects for this field. Microsc. Res. Tech. 64:415–434, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Positive association between congenital anomalies and risk of neuroblastoma
Authors: Menegaux Florence , Olshan Andrew F. , Reitnauer Pamela J. , Blatt Julie , Cohn Susan L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundCase reports and epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between congenital anomalies and childhood cancer, but some potential associations remain inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the association between congenital anomalies and neuroblastoma.ProcedureWe used data of a case‐control study on neuroblastoma conducted from 1992 to 1994, including 538 children aged 0–19 years with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed neuroblastoma and 504 controls identified by telephone random‐digit dialing and matched to cases on date of birth. Information on congenital anomalies and potential confounding factors was collected through maternal telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for reference age at diagnosis, mother's educational level, mother's race, and household income at birth.ResultsAn association between the maternal report of any congenital anomalies and neuroblastoma (OR = 2.58; CI = 1.57–4.25) was observed. Neuroblastoma risk increased with increasing number of anomalies per child (OR = 3.90, CI = 1.27–11.9 for two anomalies or more), and when we restricted analyses to major anomalies (OR = 7.53, CI = 2.23–25.5). Genitourinary anomalies (OR = 5.84, CI = 1.67–20.4) and cardiac anomalies (OR = 4.27, CI = 1.22–15.0) had an elevated, but imprecise neuroblastoma risk.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis of an association between neuroblastoma and congenital, especially urogenital and cardiac, anomalies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interfacial properties in commingled yarn thermoplastic composites. Part I: Characterization of the fiber/matrix adhesion
Authors: Lariviere D. , Krawczak P. , Tiberi C. , Lucas P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe paper aims to assess the fiber/matrix interface and adhesion quality in commingled GF/PP composites by means of complementary experimental methods. For this purpose, different interfacial qualities were obtained by a modification of the sizing of the fiber reinforcement (polypropylene specific sizing, non‐specific sizing and no sizing), and of the matrix (with or without coupling agent). Transverse tensile stress‐strain curves have been recorded while monitoring acoustic emissions. An analysis of acoustic emission data associated with fracture surface examinations has helped explain the differences observed in mechanical properties and damage mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of the interphase in the performance of these new composites. Thus it has been shown that the association of three experimental investigation methods (transverse tension, acoustic emission, and fracture surface analysis) makes it possible to characterize both the glass/silane bond (so‐called fiber/matrix interface) and the global fiber/matrix adhesion (addition of several different zones and interfaces). Polym. Compos. 25:577–588, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Structure and mechanical properties of new hybrid composites based on polyamide 6,6 reinforced with both glass fibers and a semiaromatic liquid crystalline polyester
Authors: García M. , González N. , Eguiazábal J. I. , Nazábal J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPolyamide 6,6 (PA66) composites with 30% glass fiber (GF) were blended with a semiaromatic liquid crystalline copolyester (Rodrun 5000 (R5)) up to 40% R5 by injection molding. The composites showed two amorphous phases. Interchange reactions took place between the two polymers, leading to good interfacial adhesion. The addition of 20% R5 was enough to counteract the viscosity increase provided by the GF. The synergistic increases in the modulus of elasticity were attributed to the increase in the skin thickness at increasing R5 content. The tensile strength of the composites remained constant on LCP addition, despite the lower tensile strength of R5 compared with that of PA66/GF. The notched impact strength increased notably at increasing R5 content. Polym. Compos. 25:601–608, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Durability and environmental degradation of glass‐vinylester composites
Authors: Hammami A. , Al‐Ghuilani N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFRP materials are emerging as cost‐effective and high‐performing materials in various structural applications ranging from aerospace and defense to automotive, sporting goods, construction and transportation. These breakthroughs were achieved through better design practice and innovative manufacturing processes in addition to an understanding of the mechanisms governing the performance of these materials. Much of the developed expertise was confined to one composite material system, i.e., epoxy‐based composite materials. For emerging applications such as the rehabilitation of civil engineering structures and the oil industry, this material system is not cost‐effective when compared to conventional materials. Glass‐vinylester composites are considered a potential material system offering enhanced mechanical properties at a competitive cost. However, there is very little long‐term durability data related to their environmental performance and their resistance to corrosive fluids. In this paper, durability and environmental degradation of glass‐vinylester composites are evaluated when exposed to high temperature, moisture, seawater, and corrosive fluid. Polym. Compos. 25:609–616, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
NMR assignments of the major cannabinoids and cannabiﬂavonoids isolated from flowers of Cannabis sativa
Authors: Choi Young Hae , Hazekamp Arno , Peltenburg‐Looman Anja M. G. , Frédérich Michel , Erkelens Cornelis , Lefeber Alfons W. M. , Verpoorte Robert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe complete 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR assignments of the major Cannabis constituents, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabigerol, cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid, cannﬂavin A and cannﬂavin B have been determined on the basis of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, 1H‐1H‐COSY, HMQC and HMBC. The substitution of carboxylic acid on the cannabinoid nucleus (as in tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and cannabidiolic acid) has a large effect on the chemical shift of H‐1″ of the C5 side chain and 2′‐OH. It was also observed that carboxylic acid substitution reduces intermolecular hydrogen bonding resulting in a sharpening of the H‐5′ signal in cannabinolic acid in deuterated chloroform. The additional aromaticity of cannabinol causes the two angular methyl groups (H‐8 and H‐9) to show identical 1H‐NMR shifts, which indicates that the two aromatic rings are in one plane in contrast to the other cannabinoids. For the cannabiﬂavonoids, the unambiguous assignments of C‐3′ and C‐4′ of cannﬂavin A and B were determined by HMBC spectra. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.