bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assimilation and extensive metasomatism of agpaitic rocks from the transitional layered kakortokite, Ilímaussaq Intrusion, South Greenland
Authors: Schønwandt Hans Kristian , Barnes Gregory B. , Ulrich Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe peralkaline Ilímaussaq Intrusion of the Gardar Province in South Greenland consists of several intrusive phases that have been related to different magmatic pulses and igneous cumulate processes. The lowermost exposed part of the intrusion is kakortokite, a eudialyte‐nepheline syenite, with distinctive sub‐horizontal layering which passes upwards into lujavrite, a fine‐grained melanocratic eudialyte‐nepheline syenite. Along the contact between kakortokite and lujavrite lies a transitional layered kakortokite, which has been defined previously based on textural and mineralogical criteria. However, published literature presents conflicting descriptions of this sequence in terms of thickness, layering, contacts, and mode of origin. Our own and previous field and petrographic investigations suggest that parts of the eudialyte‐rich zones in the transitional layered kakortokite comprise metasomatized and partially assimilated naujaite autoliths, a sodalite‐rich eudialyte nepheline syenite, detached probably from the roof of the intrusion. Here, we focus on the nature of the transitional layered kakortokite and conclude, in contrast to the conventional model, that it was formed by metasomatic transformation and assimilation of naujaite autoliths. We propose that the breakdown and replacement of sodalite locally increased chlorine and sodium concentrations, which may have catalyzed the precipitation of eudialyte. In detail, we suggest that the uppermost four eudialyte‐rich horizons were strongly influenced by metasomatic processes caused by mineral‐melt reaction, and were not simply the result of conventional igneous magmatic cumulate formation, as has been inferred for the underlying kakortokite layered units. Recognition of a significant metasomatic process has important bearing on the distribution of minerals with specific elements, like REE in eudialyte, both from a petrological and an economic perspective.
Cultural influence on COVID‐19 cognitions and growth speed: The role of collectivism
Authors: Pei Rui , Cosme Danielle , Andrews Mary E. , Mattan Bradley D. , Carreras‐Tartak José , Falk Emily B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMajor challenges faced by humans often require large‐scale cooperation for communal benefits. We examined what motivates such cooperation in the context of social distancing and mask wearing to reduce the transmission intensity of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19). We hypothesized that collectivism, a cultural variable characterizing the extent that individuals see themselves in relation to others, contributes to people's willingness to engage in these behaviors. Consistent with preregistered predictions, across three studies (n = 2864), including a U.S. nationally representative sample, collectivist orientation was positively associated with intentions, positive beliefs, norm perceptions, and policy support for the preventive behaviors. Further, at a country level, more collectivist countries showed lower growth rates in both COVID‐19 confirmed cases and deaths. Together, these studies demonstrate the role of collectivism in reducing COVID‐19 transmission, and highlight the value of considering culture in public health policies and communications.
Effect of geometric parameters of electrodes on skin heating for the design of non‐ablative radiofrequency device
Authors: Ma Yiyou , Wang Nianou , Li Ke , Liang Huan , Bai Jingfeng , Ji Xiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐ablative radiofrequency (RF) has been widely used in clinical and at‐home cosmetics devices. RF electrode geometry can influence the heat distribution in the tissue. This study analyzes the influence of geometric parameters of the electrode on the heat distribution in the layered tissue.Materials & methodsThe finite element simulation of the electrothermal coupling field was performed to obtain the three‐dimensional (3D) temperature distribution of the four‐layer tissue. The electrode geometric parameters including the inter‐electrode spacing (5‐12 mm), width (1‐3 mm), length (3‐10 mm), shapes (bar, dot and circle), and the coupling gel's electrical conductivity (0.2‐1.5 S/m) were simulated. The maximum temperature at 2 mm depth (T‐2 mm) and the temperature difference (Tdiff) between the maximum skin surface temperature andT‐2 mmwere obtained to evaluate the effectiveness and safety.ResultsThe effect of geometric parameters on the effectiveness and safety was mixed. The maximumT‐2 mmoccurred with the 5 mm inter‐electrode spacing, 3 mm width, 10 mm length, the circle‐shaped electrode, and the 1.5 S/m coupling gel's electrical conductivity. The ratio of inter‐electrode spacing to width at around four can achieve rapid temperature rise and skin surface temperature protection. The electrode shape influenced the area of temperature rise in the tissue's cross‐section. The coupling gel's electrical conductivity should be close to that of the skin to avoid energy accumulation on the skin surface.ConclusionThe electrode's geometric parameters affect the effectiveness and safety of the RF product. This study has provided the simulation procedure for the electrode design.
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 of probable human origin in Tibetan pigs from the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Song Xin , Wu Jinbo , Zhou Kelei , Zhang Zhaohui , Tang Cheng , Zhang Bin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. In 2018–2022, we investigated the presence of HEV RNA in 1233 stool samples collected in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, including humans (16), Tibetan pigs (624), yaks (312), sheep (267), and dogs (14). HEV RNA was only detected in Tibetan pig faecal samples (18.27%, 114/624). To perform molecular characterization of HEV strains in Tibetan pigs, we obtained 21 complete HEV genome sequences between 2018 and 2022. Sequence comparisons showed that 21 HEV strains from Tibetan pigs shared the mean nucleotide identities with the reference HEV strains ranging between 82.9% and 94.9% and 89.3% and 92.1% similarities with human HEV strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all HEV strains were genotype 4, closely related to human HEV strains. Sequence recombinant analysis showed five potential recombinant strains identified in this study, of which SWU/D18/2018 (GenBank No. MK410044) was recombinant with human and swine HEV strains, located 6509–6878 nt from the recombination point. Based on the Bayesian evolutionary trees, we found that most HEV strains diverged later than human HEV (16 Tibetan pig HEV strains diverged later than 1979, and seven human HEV strains diverged earlier than 1979). Therefore, we speculated that the prevalence of HEV 4 in Tibetan pigs possibly originated from humans in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.
Fluid Dynamic Loss Model With Wide Applicability for Aeroengine Transmission Gears
Authors: Arisawa Hidenori , Tanaka Mitsuaki , Hashimoto Hironori , Goi Tatsuhiko , Banno Takahiko , Akahori Hirofumi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In high-speed gear systems for aeroengines, it is important to reduce the fluid dynamic loss, which accounts for the majority of power loss, to improve fuel efficiency. For reasonable loss-reduction and the standardization of low-power-loss designs, a fluid dynamic loss model with wide applicability is needed. However, there are few reports of loss models considering the gear shroud effect on the oil dynamic loss. This study developed a loss model based on fluid dynamic loss phenomena. Specifically, fluid dynamic loss models were developed for the “air side-flow loss,” “air pumping loss,” “oil-jet acceleration loss,” and “oil re-acceleration loss” in the gear meshing part, and “air vortex loss” and “oil churning loss” in the gear peripheral part, with consideration to the shrouding effect. Moreover, an experimental method and a numerical method for loss classification are proposed. The fluid dynamic loss models were validated by experiments or experimentally validated numerical simulations. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the loss model for low-power-loss design, the influence of the design parameters was investigated, and the typical parameters were optimized.
Methodology to Monitor Early Warnings Before Gas Turbine Trip
Authors: Losi Enzo , Venturini Mauro , Manservigi Lucrezia , Bechini Giovanni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The current energy scenario requires that gas turbines (GTs) operate at their maximum efficiency and highest reliability. Trip is one of the most disrupting events that reduces GT availability and increases maintenance costs. To tackle the challenge of GT trip prediction, this paper presents a methodology that has the goal of monitoring the early warnings raised during GT operation and trigger an alert to avoid trip occurrence. The methodology makes use of an auto-encoder (prediction model) and a three-stage criterion (detection procedure). The auto-encoder is first trained to reconstruct safe operation data and subsequently tested on new data collected before trip occurrence. The trip detection criterion checks whether the individually tested data points should be classified as normal or anomalous (first stage), provides a warning if the anomaly score over a given time frame exceeds a threshold (second stage), and, finally, combines consecutive warnings to trigger a trip alert in advance (third stage). The methodology is applied to a real-world case study composed of a collection of trips, of which the causes may be different, gathered from various GTs in operation during several years. Historical observations of gas path measurements taken during three days of GT operation before trip occurrence are employed for the analysis. Once optimally tuned, the methodology provides a trip alert with a reliability equal to 75% at least 10 h in advance before trip occurrence.
Performance Analysis of a New ORC-VCC System With Mechanical Overheating and Correlation Fitting of Most Important System Parameter
Authors: Sun Dahan , Liu Zhongyan , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a new organic Rankine cycle + vapor compression cycle (ORC-VCC) system (with mechanical overheating refrigeration cycle), and this system can not only reduce the heat absorption of the ORC evaporator, but also increase the refrigeration capacity of the system. Simulations were conducted to analyze the thermal efficiency and performance of the new system, and compare it with the system of ORC-VCC (with regenerator). The results show that the ηth, ηsys, and coefficient of performance (COPsys) of the new system are higher than the system of ORC-VCC (with regenerator), ηth, ηsys, and COPsys of new system increased by up to 31.6%, 6.48%, 10.63% respectively. The influence of superheat on both systems is stronger than other factors, the influence of superheat on the new system is obviously stronger than those of the system of ORC-VCC (with regenerator), and the influence of superheat on R245fa and butane is stronger than those of other working fluids. In addition, ηth, ηsys, COPsys, and ηex of system increase with the increase of Te-mech and decrease with the increase of Tg-mech. Finally, the correlation of ΔTmax with the change of ηexp and Te-ORC is fitted, the results will provide some reference for the development of the ORC-VCC system in the future.
Smart Control of Springback in Stretch Bending of a Rectangular Tube by an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ha Taekwang , Welo Torgeir , Ringen Geir , Wang Jyhwen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Springback is one of the factors that causes decreased product quality in tube bending; 2D and 3D stretch bending can be used to manufacture a complex geometry of a tube with springback reduction. For a nonlinear springback problem in tube bending, an artificial neural network (ANN) is an attractive data-driven approach to achieving springback prediction and control. The main objective of this paper is to control springback and improve geometrical quality with an ANN in 2D and 3D stretch bending of a rectangular tube. In general, an ANN is trained with collected data sets from a large number of experiments, causing expensive costs and time-consuming work. In the present work, the training data sets for the proposed ANN are obtained from both experiments and an analytical springback model. As the analytical model can adopt different bending angles, material properties, and geometries, supplementary data by the analytical model significantly reduced the number of experiments needed for ANN training. Contrary to the typical springback predictions, the proposed ANN synthesizes the machine settings based on the desired dimensions as the inputs. It is shown that springback can be controlled by specifying the bend angles provided by the ANN prediction. The proposed ANN method was validated in 2D and 3D stretch bending of a rectangular tube, and its prediction and control performance are favorably compared to an ANN trained with only experimental data sets.
A novel virulence plasmid encoding yersiniabactin, salmochelin, and RmpADC from hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
of distinct genetic backgrounds
Authors: Huang Lili , Li Yunbing , Xu Chen , Zhou Mi , Wang Tianyi , Wang Tianyu , Wang Jingyu , Tang Jiayi , Li Yuanyuan , Dong Ning 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(hvKP) is increasingly reported worldwide as a major clinical and public health threat. The virulence of hvKP is attributed largely to the carriage of virulence plasmids (KpVPs). To date, two dominant types of KpVP have been identified, namely, KpVP-1 and KpVP-2. In this study, we reported two hvKP strains from bloodstream infections that carry highly identical virulence plasmids that exhibited <40% coverage compared with KpVP-1 and KpVP-2. This novel virulence plasmid was designated KpVP-3. The two hvKP have different genetic backgrounds, which belonged to ST29-K54 and ST111-K63, respectively. They were both positive for the string test, highly virulent on the
Galleria mellonella
infection model, and possess high-level macrophage-killing resistance
in vitro
. Apart from the intrinsic non-susceptibility to ampicillin, both strains were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics. The virulence plasmid carried virulence genes
rmpADC
,
iroBCDN
(
iro1
), and the
ybt
locus (
ybt4
) which was not present on either KpVP-1 or KpVP-2. It did not carry antimicrobial resistance genes but carried an incomplete conjugation machinery containing only the
traH
and
traF
genes. The KpVP-3 plasmid was stably maintained in both hvKP strains and could not be eliminated with SDS treatment or by serial passage on stress-free agar plates. KpVP-3 was non-self-transmissible under experimental conditions. Data mining suggested KpVP-3-type plasmids have emerged in different countries including China, Australia, and the USA. The emergence of this novel virulence plasmid might pose a potential threat to public health. Heightened efforts are required to study its dissemination mechanism.
Functional diversification despite structural congruence in the HipBST toxin-antitoxin system of
Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Lin Jordan D. , Stogios Peter J. , Abe Kento T. , Wang Avril , MacPherson John , Skarina Tatiana , Gingras Anne-Claude , Savchenko Alexei , Ensminger Alexander W. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant genetic modules in bacterial chromosomes and on mobile elements. They are often patchily distributed, as a consequence of horizontal exchange, and the breadth of their functionality in bacterial physiology remains unknown. Here, we characterize a TA system in
Legionella pneumophila
that is highly conserved across
Legionella
species. This system is distantly related to
Escherichia coli
HipBST, and we demonstrate that it is a functional tripartite TA system (denoted HipBST
Lp
). We identify HipBST
Lp
homologs in diverse taxa, yet in the Gammaproteobacteria, these are almost exclusively found in
Legionella
species. Notably, the toxin HipT
Lp
was previously reported to be a pathogenic effector protein that is translocated by
L. pneumophila
into its eukaryotic hosts. Contrary to this, we find no signal of HipT
Lp
translocation beyond untranslocated control levels and make several observations consistent with a canonical role as a bacterial toxin. We present structural and biochemical insights into the regulation and neutralization of HipBST
Lp
, and identify key variations between this system and HipBST
Ec
. Finally, we show that the target of HipT
Lp
is likely not conserved with any characterized HipA or HipT toxin. This work serves as a useful comparison of a TA system across bacterial species and illustrates the molecular diversity that exists within a single TA family.

IMPORTANCE

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are parasitic genetic elements found in almost all bacterial genomes. They are exchanged horizontally between cells and are typically poorly conserved across closely related strains and species. Here, we report the characterization of a tripartite TA system in the bacterial pathogen
Legionella pneumophila
that is highly conserved across
Legionella
species genomes. This system (denoted HipBST
Lp
) is a distant homolog of the recently discovered split-HipA system in
Escherichia coli
(HipBST
Ec
). We present bioinformatic, molecular, and structural analyses of the divergence between these two systems and the functionality of this newly described TA system family. Furthermore, we provide evidence to refute previous claims that the toxin in this system (HipT
Lp
) possesses bifunctionality as an
L. pneumophila
virulence protein. Overall, this work expands our understanding of the split-HipA system architecture and illustrates the potential for undiscovered biology in these abundant genetic elements.
T7 expression plasmids for producing a recombinant human G1P[8] rotavirus comprising RIX4414 sequences of the RV1 (Rotarix , GSK) vaccine strain
Authors: Philip Asha A. , Agbemabiese Chantal A. , Yi Guanghui , Patton John T. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The live oral rotavirus RV1 (Rotarix) vaccine is formulated from the human G1P[8] RIX4414 virus. Based on RIX4414 sequences, T7 expression plasmids were constructed that supported recovery of recombinant RIX4414-like viruses by reverse genetics. These plasmids will advance the study of the RV1 vaccine, possibly allowing improvements to its efficacy.
Hamstring stiffness and injury risk factors during the handball season in female players
Authors: Satkunskiene Danguole , Skarbalius Antanas , Kniubaite Audinga , Mickevicius Mantas , Snieckus Audrius , Rutkauskas Saulius , Kamandulis Sigitas 
Published: October 2023

Monitoring the muscle mechanical properties and functions of female athletes throughout their training season is relevant to understand the relationships between these factors and to predict noncontact injuries, which are prevalent among female athletes. The first aim of this study was to determine whether female handball players’ passive stiffness of the hamstring muscles is associated with hamstring extensibility, strength of knee flexors and extensors, and lower limb stiffness. Additionally, the study monitored fluctuations in these factors over 25 weeks. The study utilized an isokinetic dynamometer to record hamstring passive stiffness, extensibility, and hamstring and quadriceps strength of 18 young handball players. Lower limb stiffness was determined from a countermovement vertical jump conducted on a force plate. The countermovement jump involved the calculation of the peak force during the eccentric phase and the mean force during the concentric phase. The results showed a positive correlation between hamstring passive stiffness and lower limb stiffness ( r = 0.660, p < 0.01), knee flexion and extension strength ( r = 0.592, p < 0.01 and r = 0.497, p < 0.05, respectively), and eccentric peak force ( r = 0.587, p < 0.01) during jumping. The strength of knee extensors increased significantly after 6 weeks, and hamstring stiffness after 12 weeks of training. In conclusion, the increased hamstring stiffness following training did not match other factors associated with injury risk. Therefore, preventing multifactorial injury risk requires a comprehensive approach, and monitoring one factor alone is insufficient to predict noncontact injuries in female handball players.
Females show less decline in contractile function than males after repeated all-out cycling
Authors: Yoon SangHoon , Cederbaum Lauren A. , Côté Julie N. 
Published: October 2023

Females demonstrate greater fatigue resistance during a range of exercise modalities; however, this may be confounded by the lower mechanical work completed. Accordingly, this study examined the sex-specific peripheral and central fatigue mechanisms during repeated all-out cycling and whether they are affected by total mechanical work performed. A total of 26 healthy young adults (12 females) performed 10 × 10 s all-out cycling interspersed by 30 s passive recovery. Metabolic responses, peripheral and central fatigue, were quantified via changes in pre- to post-exercise blood lactate, potentiated quadriceps twitch force (and contractile properties) evoked via supramaximal electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve, and voluntary activation of the knee extensors, respectively. During exercise, mechanical work, vastus lateralis muscle activation (via surface electromyography), and deoxygenation (via near-infrared spectroscopy) were recorded. Sex comparison analyses were performed before and after statistically controlling for total mechanical work (via ANCOVA). Mechanical work and muscle activation plateaued at similar sprint repetition (sprint 5) and voluntary activation change (pre vs. post) was similar between the sexes. Females, however, showed lower %work decrement (i.e., fatigability; P = 0.037) and peripheral responses as evident by lower reductions in quadriceps twitch force ( P < 0.001) and muscle deoxygenation ( P = 0.001). Adjusting for total mechanical work did not change these sex comparison results. We show that females’ greater fatigue resistance during repeated all-out cycling may not be attributed to the greater total mechanical work performed but could be mediated by lower peripheral fatigue in the knee extensor muscles.