bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empagliflozin-A Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitor: Overview of
its Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Ahsan Farogh , Panda Prabhudatta , Mahmood Tarique , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Shamim Arshiya 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Empagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor
that has gained significant attention in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding its
chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology is crucial for the safe and effective use of this medication.

Objective:
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of empagliflozin, synthesizing the available literature to present a concise
summary of its properties and implications for clinical practice.

Methods:
A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies and articles
related to the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of empagliflozin. Data from preclinical
and clinical studies, as well as post-marketing surveillance reports, were reviewed to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Results:
Empagliflozin is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor that works by constraining glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, causing increased urinary glucose elimination. Its unique mechanism of
action provides glycemic control, weight reduction, and blood pressure reduction. The drug's
chemistry is characterized by its chemical structure, solubility, and stability. Pharmacologically,
empagliflozin exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties with rapid absorption, extensive
protein binding, and renal elimination. Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing cardiovascular risks, and preserving renal function. However,
adverse effects, for instance, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and diabetic ketoacidosis
have been reported. Toxicological studies indicate low potential for organ toxicity, mutagenicity,
or carcinogenicity

Conclusion:
Empagliflozin is a promising SGLT2 inhibitor that offers an innovative approach to
the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its unique action mechanism and favorable pharmacokinetic profile contribute to its efficacy in improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular
risks. While the drug's safety profile is generally favorable, clinicians should be aware of potential adverse effects and monitor patients closely. More study is required to determine the longterm safety and explore potential benefits in other patient populations. Overall, empagliflozin
represents a valuable addition to the armamentarium of antidiabetic medications, offering significant benefits to patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study covers all aspects of
empagliflozin, including its history, chemistry, pharmacology, and various clinical studies, case
reports, and case series.
Insights into the Therapeutic uses of Plant Derive Phytocompounds on
Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Mitra Palash , Jana Sahadeb , Roy Suchismita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the primary consequences of diabetes mellitus,
affecting many people worldwide and is the main cause of death under the age of sixty. Reactive
oxygen species (ROS) production rises during hyperglycemia and is crucial to the development of
diabetic complications. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced excessively in a
diabetic state and are accumulated in the kidney, where they change renal architecture and impair
renal function. Another important targeted pathway for the formation of DN includes nuclear factor
kappa-B (NF-kB), Nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), NLR family pyrin domain containing
3 (NLRP3), protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR), and autophagy. About
40% of individuals with diabetes eventually acquire diabetic kidney disease and end-stage renal
disease that needs hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation to survive. The current
state of acceptable therapy for this kidney ailment is limited. The studies revealed that some
naturally occurring bioactive substances might shield the kidney by controlling oxidative stress,
renal fibrosis, inflammation, and autophagy. In order to provide new potential therapeutic lead
bioactive compounds for contemporary drug discovery and clinical management of DN, this review
was designed to examine the various mechanistic pathways by which conventional plants
derive phytocompounds that are effective for the control and treatment of DN.
Intranasal Route an Alternative Approach for Systemic Drug Delivery: Recent Strategies and Progression
Authors: Bala Rajni , Malik Deepinder Singh , Madan Reecha , Jindal Shammy , Kaur Vimanpreet 
Published: January 2024

:
Intranasal administration has proven to be a viable alternative for local and systemic delivery of varied therapeutic agents. This route has been potentially researched for delivering polar compounds, vaccines, hormones, peptides, proteins, etc. Being non-invasive and painless with a fast onset of action (both local and systemic), intranasal has become an ideal route for medication to children. This route is specifically employed for the delivery of drugs that are unstable in GIT, which gets significantly degraded or metabolized by the first-pass effect. The nasal route's high absorption and permeability profile has led to its exploration as a substitute for parenteral delivery. This paper reviews the feasibility and potentials of intranasal administration, discussing its benefits, drawbacks, market analysis, factors affecting nasal drug delivery system, conventional and novel strategies (polymeric and nano-carrier-based delivery systems) to improve nasal ab-sorption and its clinical management of varied systemic and topical disorders viz. neurodegenerative, pulmonary, microbial, neoplastic, etc.
Abortion Article Debate and Discussion Process in Act No. 36 Year 2019 About Health
Authors: Afriana Wendra , Mariyah Chusnul , Azis Harry Azhar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article examines the process of discussing the health bill specifically relating to abortion. The pros and cons of the substance of abortion gave birth to two factions, namely pro choice and pro life. The pro life faction considers the discussion on abortion should not be submitted in the ruling. Those belong to this faction include the NGO National Movement for life, Pro life Indonesia as well as a number a mps from the PDS party in the Commission IX of the House of Representative. In opposition, the pro choice group, who support the abortion article to be included in the Bill, includes NGO Yayasan Kesehatan Erempuan, Perkumpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia and the majority MPs within the Commission IX from PDIP, Golkar, Demokrat, PKS, PPP, PKB, BPD, and PAN. MPs from PBR accepts the abortions article with a condition that rulings on rape victims should not be included. There are three ideological groupings based on religion, feminism, and secularism. The decision making process on the substance of the material was held privately through the lobby forum because a meeting failed to reach a settlement or approved. That the two factions finally reach on compromise agreement through lobby forum pursued by factions in order to accelerate the decision making.Â Key words: Deliberation, debate, ideology, abortion.
Creep of a closed cylindrical tank at hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Gatiev M. Sh. , Yazyev B. M. , Ivanova Yu. P. , Klyuev S. V. 
Published: January 2024

Objective. When constructing the resolving relations of the theory of shells, the validity of the basic assumptions about the material of the structure under consideration is assumed, which is considered homogeneous, isotropic and viscoelastic, i.e. obeying the Maxwell-Gurevich law. The subject to study is a polymer cylindrical shell, rigidly clamped at the base and subject to internal hydrostatic pressure. Method. The problem is reduced to an inhomogeneous differential equation of the fourth degree with respect to the displacement of the middle surface w along the z axis. Since the closed form representation of the solution to this equation is extremely difficult, the search for it is presented numerically, in particular, using the grid method. The creep strain components ε*x, ε*θ, γ*xθ were determined as a linear approximation of the velocity by the Runge-Kutta method. Result. In the process of calculating the shell using moment theory, it was found that as a result of shell creep, tangential stresses increased by more than 12 percent. Conclusion. The proposed technique makes it possible to simulate changes in the mechanical properties of the shell (for example, indirect heterogeneity) caused by the influence of physical fields.
Role of Diuretics in Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Bansal Shweta , Boucher Robert , Shen Jincheng , Wei Guo , Chertow Glenn M. , Whelton Paul K. , Cushman William C. , Cheung Alfred K. , Beddhu Srinivasan ,   , on behalf of SPRINT
Published: January 2024

Background
In a post hoc analysis, we examined whether postrandomization diuretics use can explain and/or mediate the beneficial effects of intensive systolic BP lowering on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

Methods
SPRINT was a randomized, controlled trial of 9361 participants comparing the effects of intensive (systolic BP target <120 mm Hg) versus standard (systolic BP target <140 mm Hg) BP control on a primary composite cardiovascular end point in participants aged 50 years or older with systolic BP of 130–180 mm Hg. In time-varying multivariable Cox analyses, we assessed hazard ratios (HRs) of cardiovascular end points and all-cause mortality in participants on thiazide type, loop and/or potassium (K) sparing, or no diuretics. We also conducted mediation analysis to formally assess the role of diuretics in the effects of intensive systolic BP lowering.

Results
At baseline, diuretics were prescribed in 46% and 48% of participants in standard and intensive systolic BP-lowering groups, respectively, and in 46% and 74% in the corresponding groups during the trial. The lower risk of cardiovascular end points in the intensive group (HR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.89) persisted after adjustment for postrandomization time-varying diuretics use (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.89). Across the entire study population, time-varying diuretics use was not associated with cardiovascular end points (compared with no diuretics, HR for thiazide type, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.10, and loop/K sparing, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.73). However, thiazide-type diuretics were associated with lower risk of cardiovascular end points in the intensive (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.85) but not in the standard (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.39) group. In mediation analysis, HRs for total effect, direct effect (not mediated through diuretics use), and indirect effect (mediated through diuretics) of the intervention on cardiovascular end points were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.79), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.81), and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.10), respectively. The results were largely similar for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
The favorable effects of intensive systolic BP lowering on cardiovascular end points and all-cause mortality in SPRINT were independent of and not mediated by time-varying diuretics use. However, thiazide-type diuretics use associated with benefit if intensive systolic BP lowering was targeted.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Pramusaji dan Fasilitas Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Restoran
Authors: Dewi Sang Ayu Made Sintya , Amir Firlie Lanovia , Suarmana I Wayan Restu , Paramitha Made Widya 
Published: January 2024

Adiwana Arya Villa di Ubud memiliki Wayang Restoran. Departemen layanan F&B selalu melakukan briefing sebelum melakukan jobdesk masing-masing untuk menjaga kualitas layanan dan keberadaan restoran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan di Wayang Restaurant di Adiwana Arya Villa dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pelayanan pramusaji dan fasilitas yang tersedia. Studi ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif yang menggunakan statistik. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner dari 99 orang yang makan di Wayang Restoran Adiwana Arya Villa. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kualitas layanan pramusaji sangat memengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Nilai t-tabel sebesar 1,985 kurang dari nilai t-hitung sebesar 2,134, menunjukkan hal ini. Karena itu, hipotesis kedua (H2) tidak valid. Secara keseluruhan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam model penelitian ini, kualitas pelayanan pramusaji dan fasilitas secara bersama-sama memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas pelayanan pramusaji (X1) dan fasilitas (X2) dapat bertanggung jawab atas sekitar 56,2% variasi dalam kepuasan pelanggan, menurut koefisien persegi adjustable R (adj. R2) sebesar 0,562. Komponen tambahan yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian ini menyumbang 43,8% dari total variasi.

Ubud's Adiwana Arya Villa features a Wayang Restaurant. To ensure service quality and the restaurant's existence, the F&B service section always performs briefings before carrying out their separate work responsibilities. The goal of this study is to determine if the quality of waiter service and the amenities offered impact the degree of customer satisfaction at Wayang Restaurant in Adiwana Arya Villa. This study was carried out utilizing a quantitative descriptive approach using statistics. Data was gathered by having 99 individuals who ate at Wayang Restaurant Adiwana Arya Villa fill out questionnaires. Multiple linear regression is used to analyze data. According to the study's findings, the waitress's service quality has a significant impact on client satisfaction. This is demonstrated by the t-count value of 2.134, which is bigger than the t-table value of 1.985. As a result, the second hypothesis (H2) is invalid. Overall, it is possible to infer that in this study model, waiter service quality and facility quality have a favorable and substantial influence on customer satisfaction. According to the adjustable square coefficient R (adj. R2) of 0.562, waiter service quality (X1) and amenities (X2) may account for approximately 56.2% of the variance in customer satisfaction. Other variables not included in this study accounted for 43.8% of the overall variance.
Do Analysts and Investors Efficiently Respond to Managerial Linguistic Complexity during Conference Calls?
Authors: Bushee Brian J. , Huang Ying 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper examines whether analysts and investors efficiently incorporate the informational signals from managerial linguistic complexity (e.g., Fog) into their forecasts and trading decisions. We predict that a manager’s Fog during a conference call provides a signal of their private information through their willingness to engage with analyst questions. We find that informative (obfuscatory) managerial Fog provides a positive (negative) signal of future earnings growth. We also find that analysts efficiently revise their forecasts to both positive and negative signals, whereas investors only correctly interpret obfuscation during the call; there is a delayed price reaction to informative Fog. However, when buy-side investors ask questions during a call, we find an efficient price reaction to informative Fog. Our findings highlight an important benefit of two-way interactive disclosures and underline the importance of active call participation for efficiently incorporating linguistic signals of managers’ private information.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: D82; G14; G20; M41.
Identifikasi Akuifer Air Tanah dengan Metode Geolistrik Konfigurasi Schlumberger di Kecamatan Muara Batu
Authors: Salahuddin  , Zahara Syarifah Rita , Alvina Sirry , Nazila Amira , Perwira Imam Wahyudi 
Published: January 2024

Sumber air yang didapatkan oleh warga kecamatan Muara Batu berasal dari sumur gali dan sumur bor dangkal yang kedalamannya sekitar 12 meter. Saat musim kemarau sering mengalami kekeringan, untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut desa perlu menggali sumur bor yang lebih dalam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi potensi permukaan air tanah produktif di Kecamatan Muara Batu menggunakan metode Geolistrik tahanan jenis Konfigurasi Schlumberger. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan metode geolistrik VES dengan Konfigurasi Schlumberger guna mengidentifikasi nilai struktur bawah permukaan berdasarkan variasi resistivitas terhadap kedalamannya. Tahapan penelitian ini dimulai dengan observasi kondisi lokasi dan pengumpulan data, berupa pengambilan data geolistrik di lapangan. Analisis data berdasarkan pengukuran berupa harga (I) dan (V) di setiap titik penyelidikan. Data dianalisis oleh program Interpex IX1D V3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya didapatkan aquifer dangkal di kedalaman 1,3-7,7 meter yang merupakan sumber air bersih di Cot Seurani Dusun Balee Baroh, sedangkan di Cot Seurani Dusun Balee Kuyun lapisan akuifer yang produktif pada kedalaman Akuifer 94 – 121 m dan nilai Resistivity 46 Ωm, Litologi lapisan Aquifer Tertekan Pasing sedang. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat potensi permukaan air tanah yang produktif di Desa Cot Seurani Dusun Bale Kuyun kecamatan Muara Batu.
Model Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) untuk Prediksi COVID-19 di Indonesia
Authors: Kurniati Alfi Bella , Sidik Wuryatmo A. , Jajang  
Published: January 2024

Peningkatan jumlah kasus Covid-19 hampir terjadi di seluruh dunia penting dikaji karena pola persebarannya yang masif. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah ANN. Penelitian ini mencakup dua hal, yaitu model ANN algoritma Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) dan kombinasi algoritma Backpropagation Neural Network dan Particle Swarm Optimization (BPNN-PSO). Masing-masing model ANN algoritma BPNN dan BPNN-PSO dilakukan 18 kali pengujian. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kombinasi parameter terbaik ANN dengan algoritma BPNN diperoleh MAPE sebesar 16.29% dengan arsitektur 14-5-1 dengan learning rate 0.3. Kombinasi parameter ANN terbaik algoritma BPNN-PSO MAPE sebesar 15.45% pada arsitektur 14-10-1 dengan learning rate 0,2. Berdasarkan algoritma BPNN dan BPNN-PSO, model ANN terbaik adalah model ANN dengan algoritma BPNN-PSO. Dengan kata lain, nilai MAPE yang cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan MAPE dari hasil algoritma BPNN-PSO. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kombinasi BPNN-PSO berhasil untuk meningkatkan akurasi hasil prediksi. Implementasi algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) yang berperan sebagai penentu nilai bobot dan bias awal dalam proses pelatihan metode Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) dapat meningkatkan performa model ANN untuk memprediksi jumlah kumulatif kasus positif Covid-19 di Indonesia, dengan peningkatan akurasi yang signifikan. Sehingga penggunaan model ANN dengan algoritma BPNN-PSO dapat diterapkan dalam situasi ini untuk memprediksi jumlah kumulatif kasus positif Covid-19 di Indonesia.
Eksplorasi TPACK dan Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Calon Guru dalam Mengajar Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ekayanti Ni Wayan , Puspawati Dewa Ayu , Paraniti Anak Agung Inten , Noviyanti Putu Ledyari , Wimuttipanya Jittawisut 
Published: January 2024

Pengajaran yang melibatkan TPACK merupakan pembelajaran yang sedang trend saat ini, karena dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan proses pembelajaran. Namun tidak semua mahasiswa calon guru mampu dan memiliki pengalaman meliterasikan TPACK dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Penguasaan terhadap konten,kemampuan menyampaikan pembelajaran dan penggunaan teknologi menjadi hal yang wajib dibekali pada calon guru, sehingga sangat perlu diberikan pengalaman belajar untuk memanfaatkan TPACK berupa smart TV dalam praktik microteaching. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan desain pre-eskperimental dengan sampel 18 mahasiswa calon guru yang memprogram mata kuliah kemampuan dasar mengajar (microteaching) di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Microteaching Unmas Denpasar dengan menggunakan Smart TV dalam kegiatan praktik mengajar. Data dikoleksi dengan menggunakan angket kemampuan menggunakan Smart TV, angket motivasi belajar FGD, dan selanjutnya diolah secara deskriptif kualitataif dan dilakukan triangulasi data. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa calon guru mendapatkan pengalaman mengajar dengan TPACK berupa Smart TV dan memanfaatkan fitur-fiturnya dengan optimal, sehingga termotivasi untuk meliterasikan TPACK dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang kemudian berdampak positif terhadap kemampuan mengajarnya. Pemanfaatan fitur Smart TV merupakan literasi TPACK dalam pembelajaran yang akan menjadi modal mahasiswa calon guru untuk mengajar di kelas yang sebenarnya. Namun untuk dapat meliterasikan TPACK dalam kegiatan pembelajaran diperlukan media belajar dan jaringan internet yang stabil.
Balancing Law and Justice: Resolving Inheritance Law Conflicts between Iraqi Federal and Kurdistan Regional Legislations
Authors: Baram Sadi Hassan 
Published: January 2024

This research examines the conflict arising from the differences in legal texts between the existing Iraqi Personal Status Law and the frequently amended laws in the Kurdistan Region. Furthermore, the issuance of amendments by the Kurdistan Region has exacerbated this conflict, leading to confusion and disputes between the two legal frameworks. The uncertainties surrounding the rationale behind these amendments have raised questions and doubts among legal practitioners and researchers, prompting a conservative approach within the courts. This study addresses and resolves these uncertainties by employing a comparative and analytical methodology. With a focus on constitutional and legal standards and the principle of justice, the research aims to clarify the applicability of either law. By undertaking this comprehensive analysis, the study endeavors to eliminate perceptions of ambiguity and hesitation, thereby contributing to a more cohesive legal landscape in the region. The research results show the fundamental difference between the Iraqi Personal Status Law and the amended law in the Kurdistan Region in matters of inheritance, specifically centered on the obligatory will and the wife's inheritance, and the Kurdish legislator made amendments in both issues, considering that amending federal laws is guaranteed to the regions by constitutional texts as long as they do not conflict with the constant provisions of Islam and the principles of democracy. This is not considered a departure from the 2005 Iraqi constitutional framework because the Federal Supreme Court, in its capacity as supervisor of the constitutionality of laws.