bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training and cardiovascular risk profile in overweight or obese adults: the CardioRACE trial
Authors: Lee Duck-chul , Brellenthin Angelique G , Lanningham-Foster Lorraine M , Kohut Marian L , Li Yehua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
To determine the comparative efficacy of resistance, aerobic, and combined resistance plus aerobic exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial enrolled 406 adults aged 35–70 years with overweight or obesity and elevated blood pressure. Participants were randomly assigned to resistance (n = 102), aerobic (n = 101), combined resistance plus aerobic exercise (n = 101), or no-exercise control (n = 102). All exercise participants were prescribed 1 h of time-matched supervised exercise (the combination group with 30 min of each resistance and aerobic exercise) three times per week for 1 year. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 year in the standardized composite Z-score of four well-established CVD risk factors: systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, and per cent body fat.

Results
Among 406 participants (53% women), 381 (94%) completed 1-year follow-up. Compared with the control group, the composite Z-score decreased at 1 year, which indicates improved CVD risk profile, in the aerobic {mean difference, −0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.27 to −0.04]; P = .01} and combination [mean difference, −0.16 (95% CI: −0.27 to −0.04); P = .009] groups, but not in the resistance [mean difference, −0.02 (95% CI: −0.14 to 0.09); P = .69] group. Both aerobic and combination groups had greater reductions in the composite Z-score compared with the resistance group (both P = .03), and there was no difference between the aerobic and combination groups (P = .96). Regarding the four individual CVD risk factors, only per cent body fat decreased in all three exercise groups at 1 year, but systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose did not decrease in any exercise groups, compared with the control group.

Conclusions
In adults with overweight or obesity, aerobic exercise alone or combined resistance plus aerobic exercise, but not resistance exercise alone, improved composite CVD risk profile compared with the control.
The Principle of Accountability in Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Towards a New Understanding
Authors: Reid Ysaline 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Human rights-based approaches to development (HRBADs) have been pointed out as the most accomplished form of integration of human rights in development. Despite the growing talks among development practitioners on the need for human rights-based approaches to development policies and practices, it remains unclear what exactly the human right principle of accountability at the heart of these approaches consists of. This article seeks to unravel some of the difficulties. What does the principle of accountability mean? Who is accountable and to whom? What does it mean for current development practice? Reflecting on these questions, this article critically delves into policy, guidance, operational documents, evaluations, and other analyses by a selected number of bilateral development agencies. This desk-based research is in some cases backed by semi-structured interviews designed to provide a review of the current approaches to applying the principle of accountability. The article sheds light on how the principle of accountability is understood and applied by those agencies, and notes challenges and inconsistencies. It argues that the principle of accountability should be made fit for purpose so as not to become mere political rhetoric without practical meaning in development practice. It is thus contended that development agencies and state donors should move beyond understanding the principle of accountability as one that is grounded in internal accountability mechanisms and systems of evaluation and aim for holding all stakeholders, including themselves, accountable to the rights-holders of their development programmes and projects.
Right coronary artery dissection after aortic valve replacement presenting with refractory ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Jacob Abiah , Hara Natalia , Goli Giridhara , Lall Kulvinder 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Iatrogenic coronary artery dissection is a rare complication seen in 0.07% of coronary procedures. Presentations of this condition vary, ranging from signs of myocardial ischemia to rarer presentations of ventricular arrhythmias. We present a rare case of a 55-year-old patient with native aortic valve endocarditis who developed right coronary artery dissection (RCAD) in the immediate post-op period presenting with refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF). Emergency coronary angiogram revealed an extensive RCAD extending from the ostium to the mid-vessel as the cause of VF. A consensus between the cardiologists and the cardiac surgeons led to an emergency right coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) that resolved the VF. This case illustrates a rare presentation of iatrogenic RCAD and the successful management of the same. We highlight the importance of prompt detection via angiography in patients suspected of having coronary artery dissection and showcase the successful implementation of emergency CABG in a patient with unstable haemodynamics.
Areolar reconstruction: MICAP flap as a skin paddle donor site in skin sparing mastectomy and implant-based reconstruction
Authors: Bonomi Riccardo , Rapisarda I Fabio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The main advantage of preserving the nipple-areola complex (NAC) in small to moderate size breasts reconstruction is that the main diameters of the breast mound remain unaltered. When for oncological reason the NAC must be excised, a paddle of skin needs to be borrowed from a donor site and transferred into the surgical defect to maintain the breast contour. While this is easily achievable with the majority of autologous reconstructions, it is very challenging in the context of implant-based reconstructions, where the primary closure of the defect leads to a flattened breast mound and suboptimal cosmetic results. In our experience, the medial intercostal artery perforator flap enables the safe resection of the NAC with concurrent reconstruction of the defect, allowing a satisfactory cosmetic result in terms of contour and projection even in the setting of implant-based reconstruction.
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma: case report
Authors: Cardoso Vasco S , Costa Filipa C , Santos Cristina M , Guerreiro José M , Ramos Sância F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare entity with an unknown etiopathology, and prognosis is generally poor. While diagnostic criteria are standardized, the optimal treatment strategy is not defined due to its rarity. In this article, we present a case of primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma, discussing its approach and treatment.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast in pregnancy
Authors: Cui Rebecca B J , Hawes Susan , Potter Alison J , Merrick Kathleen , Warrier Sanjay , Azimi Farhad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, locally aggressive fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm, typically derived from the dermis, with the intramammary subtype being seen infrequently. We present a case of a 40-year-old woman whom was diagnosed with an intramammary DFSP during pregnancy, whom underwent successful surgical management during her second trimester. Our case demonstrates the importance of increased clinical awareness in the diagnosis and treatment of breast DFSP with careful multidisciplinary consideration.
Orbital evolution of close binary systems: comparing viscous and wind-driven circumbinary disc models
Authors: Turpin George A , Nelson Richard P 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Previous work has shown that interactions between a central binary system and a circumbinary disc (CBD) can lead to the binary orbit either shrinking or expanding, depending on the properties of the disc. In this work, we perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of CBDs surrounding equal mass binary systems that are on fixed circular orbits, using the athena++ code in Cartesian coordinates. Previous studies have focused on discs where viscosity drives angular momentum transport. The aim of this work is to examine how the evolution of a binary system changes when angular momentum is extracted from the disc by a magnetized wind. In this proof-of-concept study, we mimic the effects of a magnetic field by applying an external torque that results in a prescribed radial mass flux through the disc. For three different values of the radial mass flux, we compare how the binary system evolves when the disc is either viscous or wind driven. In all cases considered, our simulations predict that the binary orbit should shrink faster by a factor of a few when surrounded by a wind-driven CBD compared to a corresponding viscous CBD. In-spiral time-scales of ∼106–107 yr are obtained for circular binaries surrounded by CBDs with masses typical of protoplanetary discs, indicating that significant orbital shrinkage can occur through binary–disc interactions during Class I/II pre-main-sequence phases.
Environmental effects on satellite galaxies from the perspective of cold gas
Authors: Chen Hongxing , Xie Lizhi , Wang Jie , Hu Wenkai , De Lucia Gabriella , Fontanot Fabio , Hirschamnn Michaela 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Environment plays a pivotal role in shaping the evolution of satellite galaxies. Analysing the properties related to the cold gas phase of satellites provides insights into unravelling the complexity of environmental effects. We use the hydro-dynamical simulations the IllustrisTNG project and the EAGLE simulations, and the semi-analytic models (SAMs) GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA) and L-Galaxies, in comparison with recent observations from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, to investigate the properties of satellite galaxies hosted by haloes with mass M200 &gt; 1012.8 M⊙, and within projected regions ≤1.1 virial radius R200. Generally, satellite galaxies selected from semi-analytic models have more H i than those selected from hydro-dynamical simulations across all projected radii, e.g. more than 30 per cent of satellites in the two hydro-simulations are H i depleted, while this fraction is almost zero in SAMs. Furthermore, both hydro-dynamical simulations and SAMs reproduce the observed decrease of H i content and specific star formation rate towards the halo centre. However, the trend is steeper in two hydro-dynamical simulations TNG and EAGLE, resulting in a better agreement with the observational data, especially in more massive haloes. By comparing the two version of GAEA, we find that the inclusion of ram-pressure stripping of cold gas significantly improves the predictions on H i fractions. The refined hot gas stripping method employed in one of the two L-Galaxies models also yields improved results.
The effect of cosmic web filaments on galaxy properties in the RESOLVE and ECO surveys
Authors: Hoosain Munira , Blyth Sarah-L , Skelton Rosalind E , Kannappan Sheila J , Stark David V , Eckert Kathleen D , Hutchens Zackary L , Carr Derrick S , Kraljic Katarina 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Galaxy environment plays an important role in driving the transformation of galaxies from blue and star forming to red and quenched. Recent works have focused on the role of cosmic web filaments in galaxy evolution and have suggested that stellar mass segregation, quenching of star formation, and gas-stripping may occur within filaments. We study the relationship between distance to filament and the stellar mass, colour, and H i gas content of galaxies using data from the REsolved Spectroscopy of a Local VolumE survey and Environmental COntext (ECO) catalogue, two overlapping census-style, volume-complete surveys. We use the Discrete Persistence Structures Extractor to identify cosmic web filaments over the full ECO area. We find that galaxies close to filaments have higher stellar masses, in agreement with previous results. Controlling for stellar mass, we find that galaxies also have redder colours and are more gas poor closer to filaments. When accounting for group membership and halo mass, we find that these trends in colour and gas content are dominated by the increasing prevalence of galaxy group environments close to filaments, particularly for high-halo mass and low-stellar mass galaxies. Filaments have an additional small effect on the gas content of galaxies in low-mass haloes, possibly due to cosmic web stripping.
Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can cause irreversible loss of nephrons and therefore is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Understanding individual risk factors may help in predicting the risk of AKI. As the entry of newer medications into clinical practice continues at a fast pace, it is important to recognize the changing landscape of AKI, with onconephrology being a prime example. Interaction between individual susceptibility to AKI and the type/extent of exposure to nephrotoxins determines the risk of occurrence of AKI. Acute renal replacement therapy should be considered when metabolic and fluid demands exceed total kidney capacity. The critical elements for a successful delivery of continuous renal replacement therapy include timing of initiation, type of technique, dose, anticoagulation, vascular access, close collaboration between critical care medicine and nephrology, and careful attention to medication dosing.
Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, and Diabetes (Part A)
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Diabetes currently affects 8% of the world’s population and this is projected to increase to 12% by the middle of the century. Of those patients with diabetes, around 40% will develop chronic kidney disease and approximately 20% with diabetic kidney disease will progress to end-stage renal disease. SGLT-2 inhibitors, have not only shown efficacy in improving glycaemic control and cardiovascular outcomes, but also demonstrated a reduction in hard renal endpoints. Data from two large randomized controlled trials, CREDENCE and the recently published DAPA-CKD, showed a reduced risk of CKD progression in patients with albuminuric diabetic kidney disease, KDIGO has now incorporated guidance on the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease, in the hope of expediting a shift in its management. However, a multi-pronged approach to management remains essential, with new emphasis on individualized targets. Interventions such as lifestyle and diet, treating blood pressure to target with renin–angiotensin system inhibitors, treating hyperlipidaemia, and treating diabetes with well-established pharmacological therapies such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, plus newer agents, should all be utilized by practitioners to drive improvements in care of this complex and multimorbid population.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter on peritoneal dialysis (PD) covers the principles of PD, membrane physiology, dialysis solutions, dialysis prescriptions, advantages and disadvantages of treatment modalities, and complications seen in routine practice, such as peritonitis, exit site infections, and non-infectious complications, in addition to catheter insertion techniques. It encompasses the metabolic complications associated with this modality such as metabolic syndrome and malnourishment. The significance and preservation of residual renal function are emphasized.
Renal Transplantation
Authors: Malik Shafi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the commonest transplant clinical scenarios that a nephrologist will come across in their daily practice. Questions cover pre-transplant assessment for kidney and kidney–pancreas, post-transplant care, including medical complications (both short- and long-term), basic transplant immunology, live donor care, and ethical challenges related to transplantation.
(Un)Successful scaling of social innovation
Authors: Brännvall Ruth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to identify in a practical perspective what happens when private foreign enterprises bring knowledge and technology to local nonprofit community-based organizations with the view of scaling and growing their activity and identify what is needed for such mutual interactions to help with innovation and scaling of social ventures, namely involvement of end-users. Founders, end-users, and partners of two start-ups operating in Africa were interviewed over a five-year period in order to improve the understanding of the process of end-user inclusion in the innovation process. The research problematizes the field of social innovation by applying a critical view on the user and customer engagement in social ventures. It encourages more radical approaches and efforts, particularly in one of the innovation areas studied that concerns women’s health.
Legitimation Practices
Authors: Gifkins Jess 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the rationale for synthesizing legitimation and practice theory and introduces the concept of legitimation practices. It develops the concept of internal legitimation practices, which relates to the legitimation of a Security Council decision as part of the decision-making process. Examples of this include prioritizing unanimity, which is beyond the legal requirements, repeating language from previous Security Council decisions, and prioritizing support from countries that are in same region as subject of negotiations. Drafters prioritize these practices during negotiations, which serve to enhance the legitimacy of a decision. It also develops the concept of external legitimation practices, which relates to patterned actions taken by participants of a Security Council negotiation that enhance their own legitimacy. Examples of this include making consistent arguments that will appeal to specific audiences, and ‘doing something’ even when participants issue statements indicating that they knew the decision could not be implemented or would not make a meaningful impact. Internal and external legitimation practices are central, yet underresearched, aspects of Security Council negotiations that shape the process and outcome of decision-making.
Conclusion
Authors: McDaniel Byrd 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The conclusion considers the possibility of spectacular listening becoming a standard practice. By drawing upon works in music studies and media studies, it theorizes what happens when and if spectacular listening becomes a much more prevalent and institutionalized mode of listening. The conclusion is organized into three themes that arise throughout the case studies: the sharing imperative, syncing out loud, and marginal practices, and it suggests that the desire to make one’s listening legible to other people and devices represents the potential widespread acceptance of new cultural ideas around listening, which entails new questions about oppressive and disruptive possibilities.
Statelet of Survivors
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The women and men who defeated the Islamic State in Syria have been hailed as the best unconventional partner force the United States has ever had. Led by Kurds, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) evolved into a multiethnic, multireligious force in which all the indigenous peoples of the region were represented. But their triumph over ISIS is only half the story. In the absence of the Assad regime, this nonstate entity has increasingly taken on state-like powers. The Autonomous Administration has established military and police forces to defend their territory; a new school system and curriculum that offers language instruction in Kurdish, Aramaic, and Arabic; a co-chair system of governance that empowers women; an economic ecosystem that strives to undo decades of underdevelopment; protection for the most vulnerable including Yezidis; and a new judicial system of local courts to hold perpetrators accountable for the crimes they committed under ISIS.
A Genealogy of Rojava
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The origins of Rojava can be traced to the Republic of Mount Ararat, one of the most significant rebellions in the aftermath of the founding of the Turkish Republic. Based on an official treaty of cooperation between the Kurdish Xoybûn League and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun), Mount Ararat declared independence in October 1927. The legacy of the rebellion continues to shape the present. Many of the Kurdish, Assyrian, and Armenian inhabitants of northern Syria describe themselves today as “descendants of survivors” of Ottoman-era pogroms. Furthermore, the Republic of Ararat proclaimed that all inhabitants would be treated equally—regardless of race or religion. This far-reaching commitment to equality is also ensconced in the Social Contract of the Autonomous Administration declared in 2014, and stands in contrast to the founding ideologies of Kemalism in Turkey and Baathism in Syria, which promoted Turkification and Arabization policies vis-à-vis their respective minorities.
The Women’s Revolution in Rojava and Beyond
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
While the Islamic State governed by weaponizing women, the Autonomous Administration governs by empowering them. With a co-chair system and 40 percent women’s quota in all levels of governance, the Autonomous Administration has achieved a level of women’s participation and leadership unparalleled elsewhere in Syria, or even the wider region. They were able to achieve this precisely because women and their male allies built a statelet where they were able to make their own laws and institutions, as well as promote women into positions of power. Second, the statelet was able to expand beyond the Kurdish heartland because many Arab, Christian, Yezidi and Turkmen women seized the opportunity to take part in governance. Furthermore, I show how these ideas of full gender equality—not token inclusion—were developed by Kurdish women inside the PKK since the 1970s. Finally, my survey data show that the ideas of gender equality are now embraced by the rank-and-file, not just supported by the elite cadre.
Who I Researched and How I Did It
Authors: Stephenson Elise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 presents the methodology used to explore the women’s experiences of international affairs leadership. It details the on-ground, in-person, and international approach to data collection, as well as access to elites and the diplomatic bubble. Feminist international relations methodologies are expanded on, including the use of a critical feminist friend approach for researching gender in elite, international institutions. The chapter also explores the ethical considerations of researching institutions across long periods of time, balancing access requirements with the need to produce fair and rigorous accounts of gender and change. Challenges are explored, including a reflection on the role of the researcher’s positionality and semi-insider status. Overall, this chapter affirms that many participants drew on deep courage to participate. This reflects the status of discussions about gender in the field—it remains a contentious topic to be negotiated through carefully considered research methodologies.