bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise image generation on current noisy quantum computing devices
Authors: Rehm Florian , Vallecorsa Sofia , Borras Kerstin , Krücker Dirk , Grossi Michele , Varo Valle 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The quantum angle generator (QAG) is a new full quantum machine learning model designed to generate accurate images on current noise intermediate scale quantum devices. Variational quantum circuits form the core of the QAG model, and various circuit architectures are evaluated. In combination with the so-called MERA-upsampling architecture, the QAG model achieves excellent results, which are analyzed and evaluated in detail. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a quantum model has achieved such accurate results. To explore the robustness of the model to noise, an extensive quantum noise study is performed. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the model trained on a physical quantum device learns the noise characteristics of the hardware and generates outstanding results. It is verified that even a quantum hardware machine calibration change during training of up to 8% can be well tolerated. For demonstration, the model is employed in indispensable simulations in high energy physics required to measure particle energies and, ultimately, to discover unknown particles at the large Hadron Collider at CERN.
Physics-informed neural networks for solving forward and inverse Vlasov–Poisson equation via fully kinetic simulation
Authors: Zhang Baiyi , Cai Guobiao , Weng Huiyan , Wang Weizong , Liu Lihui , He Bijiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Vlasov–Poisson equation is one of the most fundamental models in plasma physics. It has been widely used in areas such as confined plasmas in thermonuclear research and space plasmas in planetary magnetospheres. In this study, we explore the feasibility of the physics-informed neural networks for solving forward and inverse Vlasov–Poisson equation (PINN-Vlasov). The PINN-Vlasov method employs a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to represent the solution of the Vlasov–Poisson equation. The training dataset comprises the randomly sampled time, space, and velocity coordinates and the corresponding distribution function. We generate training data using the fully kinetic PIC simulation rather than the analytical solution to the Vlasov–Poisson equation to eliminate the correlation between data and equations. The Vlasov equation and Poisson equation are concurrently integrated into the PINN-Vlasov framework using automatic differentiation and the trapezoidal rule, respectively. By minimizing the residuals between the reconstructed distribution function and labeled data, and the physically constrained residuals of the Vlasov–Poisson equation, the PINN-Vlasov method is capable of dealing with both forward and inverse problems. For forward problems, the PINN-Vlasov method can solve the Vlasov–Poisson equation with given initial and boundary conditions. For inverse problems, the completely unknown electric field and equation coefficients can be predicted with the PINN-Vlasov method using little particle distribution data.
Phylogeography and chromosome number variation in Micranthes nelsoniana and related species (Saxifragaceae) in Northeast Asia
Authors: Fukuda Tomoko , Ishikawa Naoko , Chernyagina Olga A , Barkalov Vyacheslav Y , Taran Aleksandr A , Yakubov Valentin V , Marchuk Elena A , Linnik Elena V , Tamaki Ichiro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Micranthes nelsoniana possesses multiple different variants and numerous chromosomes. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast (cp)DNA sequences, the phylogeography of M. nelsoniana and its relatives in Northeast Asia was investigated, with extensive sampling around the Kuril Islands. The Arctic–Asian continent and a clade of marginal islands were the two main groupings that comprised the ITS phylogenetic tree. The island clade was separated into five well-supported clades: Kamchatka and Hokkaido highlands, Kuril–Aleutian Islands, southern Kuril Islands, Japanese archipelago, and Primorye region. Micranthes fusca was found in Japan and in the southern Kuril Islands. It is a separate species that created several types of hybrids between M. nelsoniana in the centre of the Kuril Islands based on a comparison of the ITS and cpDNA networks. Micranthes nelsoniana and M. ohwii appear to have hybridized in the northern Kuril Islands. Cytological investigation on the local species of M. nelsoniana showed that the chromosomal numbers are: 2n = 24, 26, 28, 30, 50, and 80. Among them, two usual numbers to this area, 2n = 24 and 50, appear to encourage interspecific gene exchange. The genomes of Hokkaido plants with high chromosome counts were cloned, revealing that they contained genes of both continental and marginal origins. This study revealed the crucial role of marginal islands along Northeast Asia in the genetic diversity of M. nelsoniana and related species.
The Political Economy of Australian Militarism: On the Emergent Military–Industrial–Academic Complex
Authors: Troath Sian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Australia is undergoing a process of substantial militarization. This article argues that one of the key forces underpinning Australia’s militarization is an emergent military–industrial–academic complex (MIAC), comprised of increasingly close relationships between universities, defense, and defense industry. The connections between the three have rapidly intensified since 2016 due to changes in defense industry policy, pessimism regarding the strategic environment, the ongoing malaise of the neoliberal university, and the motivations of key individuals. This article demonstrates that each of the three groups is actively seeking closer relationships with the other, driven by a patchwork of competing economic and strategic motivations, and powered by ideals of innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit. Each needs the other—for military advantage, for profits, and for survival. Australia’s emergent but rapidly expanding MIAC raises concerns about the pace, nature, and necessity of Australia’s militarization, the impact on the role of the university in society, and the hollowness of Australian strategic policy. Furthermore, it has substantial implications for strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific, Australia’s alliances, and the Australia-UK-US (AUKUS) partnership.
First-Line Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations in Infants With HIV and a History of Recent Admission With Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Chabala Chishala , Jacobs Tom G , Moraleda Cinta , Ndaferankhande John M , Mumbiro Vivian , Passanduca Alfeu , Namuziya Natasha , Nalwanga Damalie , Musiime Victor , Ballesteros Alvaro , Domínguez-Rodríguez Sara , Chitsamatanga Moses , Cassia Uneisse , Nduna Bwendo , Bramugy Justina , Sacarlal Jahit , Madrid Lola , Nathoo Kusum J , Colbers Angela , Burger David M , Mulenga Veronica , Buck W Chris , Mujuru Hilda A , te Brake Lindsey H M , Rojo Pablo , Tagarro Alfredo , Aarnoutse Rob E ,   EMPIRICAL clinical trial group, Sidat Muhammad , Manjate Elias , Martins Sónia , Langa Stella , Nipaco Natália , Machava Sara , Chirindza Anastância , Martins Luzidina , Nhaca Mércia , Nathoo Kusum J , Chitsamatanga Moses , Marange Ruth , Mudzingwa Shepherd , Murungu Dorothy , Zulu Idah , Shankalala Perfect , Mukubesa Mulima , Namwinwa Juliet , Chibuye Chalwe , Chipoya Terence , Simunyola Bwalya , Tembo John , Inambao Muleya , Chitondo Salome , Mumba Wyclef , Mankushe Endreen , Musukwa Henry , Sondashi Davies , Kamugisha Albert , Econi Karen , Kiggwe Andrew , Beinomugisha Judith , Nkinzi Sharafat , Kakooza Lawrence , Namisanvu Henriator , Lajara Mark Nancy , Mwesige Josam Thembo , Segawa Ivan , Ssessanga Joseph , Mbavu Paul , Kafufu Bosco , Nansera Denis , Najjingo Elizabeth , Mbabazi Bashira T , Lugemwa Abbas , Kasozi Mariam , Ankunda Rogers , Manukyan Lilit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Optimal antituberculosis therapy is essential for favorable clinical outcomes. Peak plasma concentrations of first-line antituberculosis drugs in infants with living HIV receiving WHO-recommended dosing were low compared with reference values for adults, supporting studies on increased doses of first-line TB drugs in infants.
Working with Afghan Evacuees: Field Reflections on Five Useful Supervision Questions for Crisis Intervention Workers
Authors: Adhyaru Jai Shree , Guchait Ankita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This field reflection is a reflective dialogue between a supervisor and supervisee focusing on work with Afghan evacuees undertaken by the Centre for Anxiety, Stress & Trauma within Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust. This field reflection focuses on five themes that emerged between the supervisor and supervisee during clinical supervision. The themes are posed as questions that may help others working in the context of a humanitarian crisis to utilize supervision to effectively support both staff and the target population. The reflections conclude with recommendations on how supervision can support staff well-being and, in turn, offer a supportive service to people feeling their homeland in the context of war.
TAGADA: a scalable pipeline to improve genome annotations with RNA-seq data
Authors: Kurylo Cyril , Guyomar Cervin , Foissac Sylvain , Djebali Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Genome annotation plays a crucial role in providing comprehensive catalog of genes and transcripts for a particular species. As research projects generate new transcriptome data worldwide, integrating this information into existing annotations becomes essential. However, most bioinformatics pipelines are limited in their ability to effectively and consistently update annotations using new RNA-seq data. Here we introduce TAGADA, an RNA-seq pipeline for Transcripts And Genes Assembly, Deconvolution, and Analysis. Given a genomic sequence, a reference annotation and RNA-seq reads, TAGADA enhances existing gene models by generating an improved annotation. It also computes expression values for both the reference and novel annotation, identifies long non-coding transcripts (lncRNAs), and provides a comprehensive quality control report. Developed using Nextflow DSL2, TAGADA offers user-friendly functionalities and ensures reproducibility across different computing platforms through its containerized environment. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of TAGADA using RNA-seq data from the GENE-SWiTCH project alongside chicken and pig genome annotations as references. Results indicate that TAGADA can substantially increase the number of annotated transcripts by approximately $300\%$ in these species. Furthermore, we illustrate how TAGADA can integrate Illumina NovaSeq short reads with PacBio Iso-Seq long reads, showcasing its versatility. TAGADA is available at github.com/FAANG/analysis-TAGADA.
Conserved structured domains in plant non-coding RNA enod40, their evolution and recruitment of sequences from transposable elements
Authors: Gultyaev Alexander P , Koster Celine , van Batenburg Diederik Cames , Sistermans Tom , van Belle Niels , Vijfvinkel Daan , Roussis Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlant long noncoding RNA enod40 is involved in the regulation of symbiotic associations with bacteria, in particular, in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of legumes, and with fungi in phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by various plants. The presence of enod40 genes in plants that do not form such symbioses indicates its other roles in cell physiology. The molecular mechanisms of enod40 RNA function are poorly understood. Enod40 RNAs form several structured domains, conserved to different extents. Due to relatively low sequence similarity, identification of enod40 sequences in plant genomes is not straightforward, and many enod40 genes remain unannotated even in complete genomes. Here, we used comparative structure analysis and sequence similarity searches in order to locate enod40 genes and determine enod40 RNA structures in nitrogen-fixing clade plants and in grasses. The structures combine conserved features with considerable diversity of structural elements, including insertions of structured domain modules originating from transposable elements. Remarkably, these insertions contain sequences similar to tandem repeats and several stem-loops are homologous to microRNA precursors.
Critiquing Trends and Identifying Gaps in the Literature on LGBTQ Refugees and Asylum-Seekers
Authors: García Rodríguez Diego 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article delivers a comprehensive review of the English-language literature concerning the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, and queer (LGBTQ) refugees and asylum-seekers. Through an incisive synthesis and analysis, it identifies five pivotal themes: 1) journey and settlement; 2) legislation, policy, and charitable intervention; 3) health; 4) creative expression; and 5) religion, faith, and spirituality. This analysis uncovers gaps in the existing body of knowledge, charting innovative paths for future research and policy. This work transcends the boundaries of a traditional scholarly review to offer actionable recommendations aimed at guiding policy and practice. This involves pushing for strategies that are not just inclusive, but also rooted in overcoming Western-centric approaches to gender and sexual identities.
Using the matrixed multiple case study methodology to understand site differences in the outcomes of a Hybrid Type 1 trial of a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention for people with serious mental illness
Authors: Tuda Daniela , Bochicchio Lauren , Stefancic Ana , Hawes Mark , Chen Jun-Hong , Powell Byron J , Cabassa Leopoldo J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Site differences in implementation trial outcomes are common but often not examined. In a Hybrid Type 1 trial examining the effectiveness-implementation of a peer-led group life-style balance (PGLB) intervention for people with serious mental illness (SMI) in three supportive housing agencies, we found that PGLB recipients’ physical health outcomes differed by study sites. The matrixed multiple case study methodology was used to explore how implementation outcomes and changes in context of usual care (UC) services contributed to these site differences. Two implementation outcomes (i.e. PGLB fidelity ratings and intervention recipients’ acceptability of PGLB and UC) and changes in healthcare services integration at the study sites were examined. ANOVAs were used to examine site differences in fidelity ratings and client satisfaction. Directed content analysis was used to analyze leadership interviews to identify changes in the context of UC services. Site 3 showed a trend approaching significance (P = .05) towards higher fidelity ratings. High levels of satisfaction with PGLB were reported at all sites. Significant differences in PGLB recipients’ satisfaction with UC were found, with Site 3 reporting the lowest levels of satisfaction. Agency leaders reported an increase in prioritizing client’s health throughout the trial with sites differing in how these priorities were put into action. Differences in PGLB recipients’ satisfaction with UC, and changes in healthcare service integration seemed to have contributed to the site differences in our trial. The matrixed multiple case study methodology is a useful approach to identify implementation outcomes contributing to the heterogeneity of multisite implementation trial results.
Convergent evolution of dark, ultraviolet-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in a new Afro-Oriental Echiniscus brunus species complex (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae)
Authors: Dey Pritam K , Gąsiorek Piotr , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Green, brown and black pigments are uncommon in the otherwise typically yellow to orange Echiniscidae. Viridiscus, a genus currently represented by a handful of species, in which cuticular coloration varies from a light green through dark green to almost black, has been an exception. Here, we uncover a new echiniscid lineage from the primeval subtropical and tropical rainforests of India and Tanzania, comprising three species with a caramel/brown body. Given that both Viridiscus and the new species complex lack dorsolateral trunk appendages and share dark cuticular pigmentation, they may be mistaken for each other. However, a closer inspection of the dorsal cuticular sculpture and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new complex belongs within the Echiniscus spinulosus morphogroup. Thus, the presence of dark pigments in two indirectly related lineages is evidence for the convergence of dark cuticular coloration in limno-terrestrial heterotardigrades. We detected three species in the new complex: Echiniscus brunus sp. nov., from the Western Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India), and two other candidate species, Echiniscus aff. brunus sp. can. 1 and Echiniscus aff. brunus sp. can. 2, from India and Tanzania, respectively. We refrain from describing the two latter species formally because they exhibit little or no morphological differences, which is yet another clear case of the crucial role of DNA barcoding in an accurate estimation of tardigrade species richness.
Chinese Neonatal Nurses' Lived Experiences of Providing End-of-Life Care in the NICU
Authors: Tong-Hui Suo , Qi Lu , Xiao-Li Rui , Guo-Qin Yang , Li-Ping Wang , Lin Wang 
Published: October 2023

Background:Although end-of-life care (EOLC) has been well-studied, the experience of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses in China, where little EOLC training is provided, requires further investigation.Purpose:To explore the lived experience of EOLC delivery among NICU nurses, to provide evidence to enhance nurses' EOLC skills and improve their overall quality.Methods:This qualitative study adopted a phenomenological approach. A total of 11 NICU nurses participated in semistructured in-depth interviews between June and July 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Colaizzi's 7-step method was used to analyze the data.Results:Five main themes were identified: (a) multiple emotions are experienced during EOLC delivery; (b) EOLC delivery is stressful from various sources for nurses; (c) expressing empathy and compassion is important; (d) ethical and clinical decision-making are key components of EOLC delivery; and (e) there are challenges in improving neonatal EOLC understanding and delivery.Implications for Practice and Research:The experience of EOLC among Chinese NICU nurses is multidimensional and intensive. Institutions or units must establish and implement related protocols and guidelines to address differences between clinical practice and ideal protocols for neonatal EOLC. Educational programs that consider nurses' personal and interpersonal factors, including local culture, must be developed. Neonatal nurses in Western countries encountering Chinese-born parents who have lost their infants can gain an understanding of parents' perceptions from this study. Future research should focus on developing and testing interventions to train and support NICU nurses working with end-of-life neonates.
Comparison of Melanocyte-Associated Immunohistochemical Markers in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma and Acral Benign Nevi
Authors: Kim Jin Cheol , Choi Jee Woong , Kim You Chan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a relatively rare clinicopathologic subtype of cutaneous malignant melanoma, but it is the most common type of melanoma among Asians. Although the research to identify immunohistochemical (IHC) markers to differentiate nevi from melanoma is being conducted, specific markers for ALM are not well-known. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and compare the differences in the expression of melanocyte-associated IHC markers between ALM and acral benign nevi (ABN). Two independent groups of 53 and 19 paraffin-embedded specimens (from patients with pathologically confirmed ALM and ABN, respectively) were subjected to IHC staining for MART-1, preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), SOX10, HMB-45, Ki-67, and p16. We performed a quantitative analysis of PRAME, SOX10, KI-67, and p16 expression and gradient pattern analysis of HMB-45 expression for each specimen. The PRAME (60.1% and 28.5%, P < 0.05) and Ki-67 (7.8% and 3.5%, P < 0.05) expression levels were significantly higher in the ALM group than in the ABN group. The p16 expression was significantly lower (14.2% and 19.4%, P < 0.05), and the absence of HMB-45 gradient was more frequent in the ALM group than in the ABN group. However, no statistical significance was noted in SOX10 (54.8% and 44.7%). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that PRAME had the highest area under the curve value. In summary, among various IHC markers, PRAME was the most valuable marker for the diagnosis of ALM; however, further large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings.
Prophylactic Absorbable Antibiotic Beads for High-risk, Implant-based Prepectoral Reconstruction
Authors: Ahmed Shahnur , Lee Jason T. C. , Roth Dylan , Sinha Mithun , Fisher Carla , Fan Betty , Imeokparia Folasade , Ludwig Kandice , Lester Mary E. , Hassanein Aladdin H. 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
Infections are problematic in postmastectomy implant-based reconstruction with infection rates as high as 30%. Strategies to reduce the risk of infection have demonstrated various efficacies. A prolonged course of systemic, oral antibiotics has not shown evidence-based benefit. Although absorbable antibiotic beads have been described for orthopedic procedures and pressure wounds, their use has not been well studied during breast reconstruction, particularly for prepectoral implant placement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the selective use of prophylactic absorbable calcium sulfate antibiotic beads during high-risk implant-based, prepectoral breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Patients who underwent implant-based, prepectoral breast reconstruction between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed. Groups were divided into those who received antibiotic beads and those who did not. Outcome variables included postoperative infection at 90 days. A total of 148 patients (256 implants) were included: 15 patients (31 implants) who received biodegradable antibiotic beads and 133 patients (225 implants) in the control group. Patients who received antibiotic beads were more likely to have a history of infection (66.7%) compared with the control group (0%) (P < 0.01). Surgical site infection occurred in 3.2% of implants in the antibiotic bead group compared with 7.6%, but this did not reach statistical significance. The incidence of infection in high-risk patients who have absorbable antibiotic beads placed during the time of reconstruction seems to be normalized to the control group in this pilot study. We present a novel use of prophylactic absorbable antibiotic beads in prepectoral breast implant reconstruction.
Reflecting upon the Long-term Impact of COVID-19 on Cosmetic Plastic Surgery and Education
Authors: Krupp James , Menon Ambika , Shauly Orr , Losken Albert 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
As we enter a new year, this article serves as an opportunity to ponder on the impact of a worldwide pandemic on physicians and the field of plastic surgery, which began 4 years ago in January 2020. When looking at the data in the general-surgery and reconstructive literature, the surgical treatment of patients with COVID-19 appears safest 8 weeks after infection. It was also found that the so-called Zoom-boom crush of cosmetic surgery cases following pandemic lockdown appeared to be largely due to a backlog of cases. Cosmetic surgery, particularly facial cosmetic surgery, continues to increase in popularity year over year. However, the effects on plastic surgery training remain unclear. Even so, those affected by the pandemic seem more driven than ever to find job stability and security.