bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the uptake and outcomes from returning secondary findings to adult participants in research genomic testing
Authors: Mitchell Lucas A. , Jivani Karishma , Young Mary‐Anne , Jacobs Chris , Willis Amanda M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe increasing use of genomic sequencing in research means secondary findings (SF) is more frequently detected and becoming a more pressing issue for researchers. This is reflected by the recent publication of multiple guidelines on this issue, calling for researchers to have a plan for managing SF prior to commencing their research. A deeper understanding of participants' experiences and outcomes from receiving SF is needed to ensure that the return of SF is conducted ethically and with adequate support. This review focuses on the uptake and outcomes of receiving actionable SF for research participants. This review included studies from January 2010 to January 2023. Databases searched included Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Of the 3903 studies identified, 29 were included in the analysis. The uptake of SF ranged between 20% and 97%, and outcomes were categorized into psychological, clinical, lifestyle and behavioral, and family outcomes. The results indicate there is minimal psychological impact from receiving SF. Almost all participants greatly valued receiving SF. These findings highlight considerations for researchers when returning results, including the importance of involving genetic health professionals in consenting, results return process, and ensuring continuity of care by engaging healthcare providers.
Chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2–10 kDa) in doping control urine samples
Authors: Thomas Andreas , Walpurgis Katja , Thevis Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeptides with a molecular mass between 2 and 10 kDa that are prohibited in elite sports usually require dedicated sample preparation and mass spectrometric detection that commonly cannot be combined with other (lower molecular mass) substances. In most instances, the physicochemical differences are too significant to allow for a generic analytical procedure. A simplification of established and comparably complex analytical approaches is therefore desirable and has been accomplished in the context of this study. With urine samples representing still the most frequently collected doping control specimens, efficient extraction of peptidic analytes from this matrix was a major goal of this method, as demonstrated for the included compounds such as insulins (human, lispro, aspart, glulisine, tresiba, glargine metabolite, bovine insulin, porcine insulin), growth hormone‐releasing hormones (sermorelin, CJC‐1295, tesamorelin) incl. their respective metabolites, insulin‐like‐growth factors (long‐R3‐IGF‐I, R3‐IGF‐I, des1–3‐IGF‐I), synacthen, gonadorelin and mechano growth factors (human MGF, MGF‐Goldspink). Sample preparation and detection are controlled by five internal standards, covering all five included peptide drug categories. Nearly all requirements of the recent technical documents from the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) considering their minimum required performance levels (MRPL) are fulfilled, and the method was validated for its utilisation as initial testing procedure in doping controls. Finally, the approach was applied to authentic post‐administration study urine samples (for insulins and gonadorelin) in order to provide proof of principle.
High prevalence of high‐risk HPV genotypes in individuals attending an infectious diseases clinic from 2018 to 2022 in Milan, Italy
Authors: Rizzo Alberto , Moschese Davide , Salari Federica , Giacomelli Andrea , Morelli Loriana , Cossu Maria Vittoria , Fusetti Chiara , Petri Francesco , Casalini Giacomo , Poloni Andrea , Lazzarin Samuel , Gori Andrea , Antinori Spinello , Gismondo Maria Rita , Lombardi Alessandra , Rizzardini Giuliano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, linked to several types of lesions. HPV, specifically HPV 16, accounts for most of anal cancer cases. In this study, we evaluated the proportion of samples tested positive for HPV and characterized genotypes distribution in anal specimens collected from individuals at risk of anal HPV infection attending from 2018 to 2022 a large Infectious Diseases Department in Italy. The presence of HPV DNA was investigated through a commercial kit detecting 12 HR‐HPV, 8 probable/possible HR‐HPV, and 8 LR‐HPV genotypes. Among 1514 samples, 84% (1266/1514) resulted positive for any type of HPV. The prevalence of high‐risk HPV types remained high during all the years of the study period, from 2018 to 2022, ranging from 65% to 73%. Most of HR‐HPV, LR‐HPV and HPV 16 positive samples were collected from men >45 years. HPV 16 was also the most frequent type in men and women. We did not observe significant variations between years in detection of HR‐HPV, instead of LR‐HPV, that significantly decreased. In conclusion, the high prevalence of oncogenic HPV genotypes underlines the necessity of clear anal HPV screening guidelines and, along with frequent HR‐HPV coinfections, reinforces the urge to intensify the anti‐HPV vaccination campaign.
Artificial intelligence in employee recruitment
Authors: Balcioğlu Yavuz Selim , Artar Melike 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of this research is to investigate candidate attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI)‐supported chatbots as an alternative to traditional recruitment interviews, aiming to understand the potential impact of AI‐assisted processes on the employee selection landscape. To systematically evaluate various factors and their relative importance in shaping candidate preferences, this study employed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a decision‐making tool. The AHP approach facilitated the analysis of findings based on the sum of rankings assigned by evaluators to determine the relative significance of different factors. Additionally, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was utilized to assess the application of AI interview methodology within the research framework. This ensured a comprehensive understanding of its potential advantages and drawbacks. By comparing candidates' interview experiences across four main categories—performance anxiety, environmental compliance, self‐trust, and comfort level—the study results reveal that AI‐assisted interviews offer a more advantageous experience for candidates. This suggests that AI technology can play a significant role in enhancing the recruitment process. The research highlights ease of use and suitability for job interviews as critical factors influencing companies' adoption of AI interview technology. Furthermore, it sheds light on the aspects that organizations need to consider when evaluating and implementing AI‐driven solutions in their recruitment strategies.
Impact of immigration and discrimination on vocational wellness for immigrant mental health professionals
Authors: DeDiego Amanda C. , Farrell Isabel C. , Basma Dareen , Maurya Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current study examined how personal and career factors impact professional quality of life for mental health professionals who are immigrants in the United States (n = 108). Professional quality of life was measured with constructs of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout. Researchers explored which personal and career factors best predicted compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue related to work environments in mental health using correlational analysis. Demands of immigration and frequent experiences of discrimination significantly predicted high compassion fatigue and low compassion satisfaction. Findings and implications explore career wellness and longevity for mental health professionals who are immigrants.
No‐till reduced subsoil organic carbon due to decreased microbial necromass in micro‐aggregates
Authors: Yu Yalin , Xu Yinan , Zhang Xintan , Li Yanling , Virk Ahmad Latif , Li Feng‐Min , Yang Haishui , Liu Shiping , Kan Zheng‐Rong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicrobial necromass is a crucial contributor to the formation of soil aggregates and serves as a key source of stable soil organic carbon (SOC). However, how tillage practices regulate microbial necromass accumulation within aggregate fractions at different soil depths remains unclear. Thus, a 20‐year field experiment was carried out to identify how microbial necromass carbon (MC) is distributed in aggregates and its contribution to SOC under no‐till (NT) and plow tillage (PT) in a rice‐wheat rotation system. The results showed that NT significantly increased bacterial and fungal necromass carbon (C) concentrations in both macro‐ and micro‐aggregates (>0.25 and <0.25 mm), and enhanced the contribution of MC to SOC compared with PT at 0–5 cm topsoil depth. However, NT decreased SOC concentration in micro‐aggregates by 12.4% mainly attributed to lower bacterial and fungal necromass C in micro‐aggregates by 21.6% and 27.6% compared with PT at 5–15 cm subsoil depth. There was no significant difference for SOC mineralization per unit SOC concentration between NT and PT, which can be attributed to the equilibrium between microbial necromass C and labile C (e.g., dissolved organic C). Random forest and partial least squares path model demonstrated that soil total nitrogen, available NH4+, and NO3− positively regulated β‐glucosidase activity, and thus affected MC and SOC concentration. NT decreased soil nitrogen concentration and β‐glucosidase activity in micro‐aggregates, and thus lowered MC formation at 5–15 cm depth. Our findings highlights that NT reduced subsoil organic carbon due to decreased microbial necromass in micro‐aggregates.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts promote stemness maintenance and gemcitabine resistance via HIF‐1α/miR‐21 axis under hypoxic conditions in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Deng Keping , Zou Fang , Xu Jin , Xu Dayong , Luo Zhen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGemcitabine (GEM) resistance affects chemotherapy efficacy of pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) possess the ability of regulating chemoresistance. This study probed the mechanism of hypoxia‐treated CAFs regulating cell stemness and GEM resistance in PC. Miapaca‐2/SW1990 were co‐cultured with PC‐derived CAFs under normoxic/hypoxic conditions. Cell viability/self‐renewal ability was determined by MTT/sphere formation assays, respectively. Protein levels of CD44, CD133, Oct4, and Sox2 were determined by western blot. GEM tumoricidal assay was performed. PC cell GEM resistance was evaluated by MTT assay. CAFs were cultured at normoxia/hypoxia. HIF‐1α and miR‐21 expression levels were assessed by RT‐qPCR and western blot, with their binding sites and binding relationship predicted and verified. CAF‐extracellular vesicles (EVs) were incubated with Miapaca‐2 cells. The RAS/AKT/ERK pathway activation was detected by western blot. PC xenograft models were established and treated with hypoxic CAF‐EVs and GEM. CAFs and PC cell co‐culture increased cell stemness maintenance, GEM resistance, cell viability, stem cell sphere number, and protein levels of CD44, CD133, Oct4, and Sox2, and weakened GEM tumoricidal ability to PC cells, with the effects further enhanced by hypoxia. Hypoxia induced HIF‐1α and miR‐21 overexpression in CAFs. Hypoxia promoted CAFs to secrete high‐level miR‐21 EVs via the HIF‐1α/miR‐21 axis, and activated the miR‐21/RAS/AKT/ERK pathway. CAF‐EVs promoted GEM resistance in PC via the miR‐21/RAS/ATK/ERK pathway in vivo. Hypoxia promoted CAFs to secrete high‐level miR‐21 EVs through the HIF‐1α/miR‐21 axis, and activated the miR‐21/RAS/AKT/ERK pathway via EVs to trigger stemness maintenance and GEM resistance in PC.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Zhanbo , Liu Lixian , Liang Hongyuan , Zhang Lingyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Herein, we investigated the role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in HCC progression. HCC cells were treated with NMN (125, 250, and 500 μM), and then nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and NADH levels in HCC cells were measured to calculate NAD+/NADH ratio. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis were determined. AMPK was knocked down to confirm the involvement of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, tumor‐inhibitory effect of NMN was investigated in xenograft models. Exposure to NMN dose‐dependently increased NAD+ level and NAD+/NADH ratio in HCC cells. After NMN treatment, cell proliferation was inhibited, whereas apoptosis was enhanced in both cell lines. Additionally, NMN dose‐dependently enhanced autophagy/ferroptosis and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway in HCC cells. AMPK knockdown partially rescued the effects of NMN in vitro. Furthermore, NMN treatment restrained tumor growth in nude mice, activated autophagy/ferroptosis, and promoted apoptosis and necrosis in tumor tissues. The results indicate that NMN inhibits HCC progression by inducing autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling. NMN may serve as a promising agent for HCC treatment.
Novel two‐tiered screening approach identifies synergistic combinations of natural compounds for prostate cancer prevention and treatment
Authors: Friedman Chelsea A. , Saha Achinto , Lavender Hackman G. , Lu Xiyuan , Lodi Alessia , Tiziani Stefano , DiGiovanni John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer type among American men and it is estimated that in 2023, 34,700 men will die from PCa. Since it can take a considerable amount of time for the disease to progress to clinically evident cancer, there is ample opportunity for effective chemopreventive strategies to be applied for the successful management of PCa progression. In the current study, we have developed a two‐tiered metabolomics‐based screen to identify synergistic combinations of phytochemicals for PCa chemoprevention. This involves an initial screen for ATP depletion in PCa cells followed by a targeted screen for blocking glutamine uptake in the same cells. One of the phytochemical combinations (enoxolone [ENO] + silibinin [SIL]), identified via this screen, was examined for effects on PCa cell survival, oncogenic signaling and tumor growth in vivo. This combination was found to synergistically reduce cell survival, colony formation and cell cycle progression of PCa cell lines to a greater extent than either agent alone. The combination of ENO and SIL also synergistically reduced tumor growth when administered ad libitum through the diet in a HMVP2 allograft PCa tumor model. Treatment with the combination also significantly reduced STAT3 and mTORC1 signaling pathways in mouse and human PCa cells while significantly reducing levels of critical cell cycle regulatory proteins, contributing to the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth observed. Collectively, the current results demonstrate a novel approach to identifying synergistic combinations of phytochemicals for chemoprevention of PCa and possibly other cancers.
Improved emptying performance with a new micro‐hole zone catheter in adult male intermittent catheter users: A comparative multi‐center randomized controlled cross‐over study
Authors: Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Landauro Malene Hornbak , Biardeau Xavier , Rovsing Cecilie , Hahn Markus , Nascimento Omar Feix do , Gardner Sharryn , Amarenco Gérard , Bagi Per 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsTo confirm the improved performance of the micro‐hole zone catheter (MHZC) compared to a conventional eyelet catheter (CEC) in male users of clean intermittent catheterizations (CICs).MethodsMale self‐catheterizing subjects, who used hydrophilic sleeved soft/flexible CIC as the only bladder emptying method, were enrolled into a multi‐center, randomized, cross‐over study performed across six European sites. Subjects tested the MHZC, featuring a drainage zone with 120 micro‐holes and a CEC with two eyelets. The study consisted of four study visits (V0–V3), during which endpoints related to catheter performance (urinary flow‐stops, bladder emptying, and intra‐catheter pressure) were measured and two 4‐week test periods at home (T1 and T2) where dipstick hematuria and user perception between catheters were evaluated.ResultsSeventy‐three male subjects with non‐neurogenic and neurogenic bladder dysfunction (3:2) were enrolled. On average, catheterizations with the MHZC led to close to mean zero flow‐stops compared to ≥1 flow‐stops with the CEC, during both HCP‐ and self‐led catheterizations (both p < 0.001). Residual urine at first flow‐stop was significantly reduced for the MHZC compared to CEC (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, for HCP‐ and self‐led catheterizations, respectively). This was substantiated by a significantly smaller pressure peak at first flow‐stop, a proxy for minimized mucosal suction (both HCP‐ and self‐led catheterizations, p < 0.001). After home‐use catheterizations, dipstick hematuria was comparable between catheters, whereas catheterizations were associated with significantly improved perception in favor of MHZC regarding bladder emptying, less blocking sensation, and improved hygienic catheterization compared to the CEC.ConclusionThis study confirmed the evidence of improved bladder emptying with the MHZC compared to a CEC without the need to reposition the catheter. The MHZC therefore offers an enhanced benefit for the dependent CIC user securing complete bladder emptying in an uninterrupted free flow and reducing the need to reposition the catheter during emptying.
Physical restraints in nursing homes: A qualitative study with multiple stakeholders
Authors: Minguell Cristina , Gassó Aina M. , Martin‐Fumadó Carles , Gómez‐Durán Esperanza L. , Arimany‐Manso Josep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to understand the perceptions regarding physical restraints of the elder‐care professional's stakeholders.DesignA qualitative methodology was employed.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a convenient sample of 19 participants, which included nursing homes' managers, nurses and physicians; law, ethics, quality or patient rights' protection experts in care and public servers with responsibilities in the field. The data were collected, recorded and verbatim transcribed. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data.ResultsThree main themes emerged: the use of restraints, organizational issues and regulation. Although professionals involved in nursing care agree that improvements have been made, they highlight the negative impact of restraints and the need for a change in culture about their use. Yet, they have concerns about the ‘zero restraints’ feasibility, with divergent views on the need for a stronger regulatory framework.
Pre‐transplant glomerular hyperfiltration is not a risk factor for increased renal morbidity and mortality in pediatric stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Sarkar Neil , Myers Kasiani C. , Lane Adam , Davies Stella M. , Benoit Stefanie W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLow glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prior to stem cell transplant (SCT) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The implications of abnormally high GFRs, or glomerular hyperfiltration, prior to SCT are unknown. Twenty‐two of 74 consecutive pediatric SCT patients over 2 years old at a single center were hyperfiltrating prior to SCT, median nuclear medicine GFR 154 mL/min/1.73 m2 [interquartile range: 146–170]. There was no association between hyperfiltration and any transplant demographics, nor between hyperfiltration and acute kidney injury (p = .8), renal replacement therapy (p = .63), 1‐year event‐free survival (p = 1), or abnormal creatinine‐based estimated GFR at a median follow‐up of 4.7 years (p = .73).
Computational investigation of the interaction mechanisms of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/polyurethane and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/hexane systems as absorbents for oil spill remediation: A DFT study
Authors: Odera Raphael Stone , Ezika Anthony Chidi , Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Okpechi Victor Ugochukwu , Oyeoka Henry Chukwuka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe escalating frequency of oil spill incidents and industrial wastewater discharges necessitates the development of effective remediation strategies. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the interaction mechanisms within polyethylene (PE) combined with polyurethane (PU) and hexane. The study focuses on adsorption energies, intermolecular interactions, miscibility, and electronic properties, providing a molecular‐level understanding crucial for designing advanced absorbent materials. The investigation reveals that the low‐density polyethylene/polyurethane (LDPE/PU) system exhibits significantly higher adsorption energies (−12.87 kcal/mol) compared to PE/hexane (−7.66 kcal/mol), indicating a robust binding affinity. This discrepancy underscores the superior performance of PE/PU as an absorbent material. The enthalpy results, with ∆H values of −55.75 kcal/mol for PE/hexane‐n‐hexadecane and −66.11 kcal/mol for PE/PU‐n‐hexadecane complexes at 298.15 K, support exothermic adsorption. The more exothermic ∆H for PE/PU indicates stronger interactions during oil absorption than PE/hexane. Additionally, Gibbs free energy change (∆G) values affirm a more favorable process for PE/PU, exhibiting a lower ∆G (−42.54 kcal/mol) compared to PE/hexane (−34.79 kcal/mol). Non‐covalent interaction (NCI) studies confirm the importance of van der Waals forces in both systems, validating their role in the adsorption process. Miscibility studies indicate limited interactions, with PE/PU showing positive enthalpy of mixing. Electronic study demonstrates PE/PU's higher energy gap of 9.19 eV, correlating with superior performance. This research contributes to the fundamental understanding of oil absorption processes and informs the design and optimization of environmentally sustainable and efficient oil‐absorbing materials for remediation applications.Highlights
DFT explores polymeric systems, PE/PU and PE/hexane, for oil absorbent.
PE/PU excels with −12.87 kcal/mol adsorption energy, surpassing PE/hexane (−7.66 kcal/mol).
NCI validates van der Waals forces in both systems, crucial for effective adsorption.
Miscibility studies reveal limited interactions.
PE/PU's superior 9.19 eV energy gap signifies enhanced absorbent performance.
PE/PU excels as an oil‐absorbent material, underlining its overall superiority.