bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unobtrusive Air Leakage Estimation for Earables with In-ear Microphones
Authors: Demirel Berken Utku , Dang Ting , Al-Naimi Khaldoon , Kawsar Fahim , Montanari Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

Earables (in-ear wearables) are gaining increasing attention for sensing applications and healthcare research thanks to their ergonomy and non-invasive nature. However, air leakages between the device and the user's ear, resulting from daily activities or wearing variabilities, can decrease the performance of applications, interfere with calibrations, and reduce the robustness of the overall system. Existing literature lacks established methods for estimating the degree of air leaks (i.e., seal integrity) to provide information for the earable applications. In this work, we proposed a novel unobtrusive method for estimating the air leakage level of earbuds based on an in-ear microphone. The proposed method aims to estimate the magnitude of distortions, reflections, and external noise in the ear canal while excluding the speaker output by learning the speaker-to-microphone transfer function which allows us to perform the task unobtrusively. Using the obtained residual signal in the ear canal, we extract three features and deploy a machine-learning model for estimating the air leakage level. We investigated our system under various conditions to validate its robustness and resilience against the motion and other artefacts. Our extensive experimental evaluation shows that the proposed method can track air leakage levels under different daily activities."The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant."~Mark Weiser
Driver Maneuver Interaction Identification with Anomaly-Aware Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Feature Representations
Authors: Tabatabaie Mahan , He Suining 
Published: January 2024

Driver maneuver interaction learning (DMIL) refers to the classification task with the goal of identifying different driver-vehicle maneuver interactions (e.g., left/right turns). Existing conventional studies largely focused on the centralized collection of sensor data from the drivers' smartphones (say, inertial measurement units or IMUs, like accelerometer and gyroscope). Such a centralized mechanism might be precluded by data regulatory constraints. Furthermore, how to enable an adaptive and accurate DMIL framework remains challenging due to (i) complexity in heterogeneous driver maneuver patterns, and (ii) impacts of anomalous driver maneuvers due to, for instance, aggressive driving styles and behaviors.
To overcome the above challenges, we propose AF-DMIL, an Anomaly-aware Federated Driver Maneuver Interaction Learning system. We focus on the real-world IMU sensor datasets (e.g., collected by smartphones) for our pilot case study. In particular, we have designed three heterogeneous representations for AF-DMIL regarding spectral, time series, and statistical features that are derived from the IMU sensor readings. We have designed a novel heterogeneous representation attention network (HetRANet) based on spectral channel attention, temporal sequence attention, and statistical feature learning mechanisms, jointly capturing and identifying the complex patterns within driver maneuver behaviors. Furthermore, we have designed a densely-connected convolutional neural network in HetRANet to enable the complex feature extraction and enhance the computational efficiency of HetRANet. In addition, we have designed within AF-DMIL a novel anomaly-aware federated learning approach for decentralized DMIL in response to anomalous maneuver data. To ease extraction of the maneuver patterns and evaluation of their mutual differences, we have designed an embedding projection network that projects the high-dimensional driver maneuver features into low-dimensional space, and further derives the exemplars that represent the driver maneuver patterns for mutual comparison. Then, AF-DMIL further leverages the mutual differences of the exemplars to identify those that exhibit anomalous patterns and deviate from others, and mitigates their impacts upon the federated DMIL. We have conducted extensive driver data analytics and experimental studies on three real-world datasets (one is harvested on our own) to evaluate the prototype of AF-DMIL, demonstrating AF-DMIL's accuracy and effectiveness compared to the state-of-the-art DMIL baselines (on average by more than 13% improvement in terms of DMIL accuracy), as well as fewer communication rounds (on average 29.20% fewer than existing distributed learning mechanisms).
Dietary Folate and Cofactors Accelerate Age-dependent p16 Epimutation to Promote Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Yang Li , Peery Robert C. , Farmer Leah M. , Gao Xia , Zhang Yiqun , Creighton Chad J. , Zhang Lanjing , Shen Lanlan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The extent to which non-genetic environmental factors, such as diet, contribute to carcinogenesis has been long debated. One potential mechanism for the effects of environmental factors is through epigenetic modifications that affect gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence. However, the functional cooperation between dietary factors and cancer-causing epigenetic regulation is largely unknown. Here, we use a mouse model of age-dependent p16 epimutation, in which the p16 gene activity is directly controlled by promoter DNA methylation. We show p16 epimutation is modulated by folate and cofactors in dietary supplementation, which leads to increased colon cancer risk. Importantly, our findings provide functional evidence concerning the safety of folate fortification in the general population.

Significance:
Our study demonstrates that dietary folate and cofactors modulate tumor-suppressor gene methylation to increase intestinal tumorigenesis. Our findings highlight the need for monitoring the long-term safety of folate fortification in high-risk individuals.
Impedance analysis of squirrel-cage induction motor at high harmonics condition
Authors: Skamyin Aleksandr , Shklyarskiy Yaroslav , Lobko Kirill , Dobush Vasiliy , Sutikno Tole , Hatta Jopri Mohd 
Published: January 2024

This study examines different methodologies for representing an asynchronous motor at higher harmonics by utilizing its equivalent circuit. Several approaches were compared based on simulation modeling. An experimental investigation was conducted in a laboratory setting using asynchronous electric motors with power ratings of 1.5 kW and 5.5 kW. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the characteristics of impedance in the presence of high-harmonic conditions. The generation of higher harmonics was achieved through the utilization of a precisely regulated thyristor rectifier in conjunction with a thyristor power controller. The findings indicate that the load on the shaft solely impacts the resistance at the fundamental harmonic, while the resistance at higher harmonics remains unaffected by the operating mode of the asynchronous motor (AM).
Review of learning management systems: history, types, advantages, and challenges
Authors: Taha Al-Dhief Fahad , Al Nasser Ali , Mohamed Tharikh Shafazawana , Al Nasser Hassan , Abdul Ghaffar Al-Mosleh Ali , Abbas Abbood Albadr Musatafa , Razaq Mohamed Alsemawi Majid 
Published: January 2024

<div align="center"><span>As technological advancements continue in the higher education domain, the systems of higher learning management in universities and institutions have witnessed significant attention from researchers and developers. The technologies of these systems can present extremely useful tools and provide many advantages to enhance learning and increase the students’ performance. However, there are some issues and challenges that face these systems and need to be highlighted. Moreover, there is a need to review the advantages of such systems in order to motivate other countries to adopt, use, and develop the learning systems. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the learning management systems (LMSs) in universities and institutes. Furthermore, it presents the history of LMSs, usages, systems types, advantages, challenges and issues.</span></div>
Prediction of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease‐Related Large‐Vessel Occlusion Stroke on the Basis of Novel Cerebral Blood Volume Parameters
Authors: Koh Seungyon , Park So Young , Liebeskind David S. , Choi Jin Wook , Kim Han Ki , Choi Jun Young , Kim Min , Lee Seong‐Joon , Hong Ji Man , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: January 2024

Background
Mechanical thrombectomy is an effective treatment method for large‐vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS); however, it has limited efficacy for intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD)‐related LVOS. We investigated the use of cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps for identifying ICAD as the underlying cause of LVOS before the initiation of endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods and Results

We reviewed clinical and imaging data from patients who presented with LVOS and underwent endovascular treatment between January 2011 and May 2021. The CBV patterns were analyzed to identify an increase in CBV within the hypoperfused area and estimate infarct patterns within the area of decreased CBV. Comparisons were made between the patients with an increase in CBV and those without, and among the estimated infarct patterns: territorial, cortical wedge, basal ganglia–only, subcortical, and normal CBV. Overall, 243 patients were included. CBV increase in the hypoperfused area was observed in 23.5% of patients. A significantly higher proportion of ICAD was observed in those with increased CBV than in those without (56.4% versus 19.8%;
P
<0.001). Regarding the estimated infarct patterns on the CBV, ICAD was most frequently observed in the normal CBV group (territorial, 14.9%; cortical wedge, 10.0%; basal ganglia–only, 43.8%; subcortical, 35.7%; normal, 61.7%). CBV parameters, including “an increase in CBV,” “normal CBV infarct pattern,” and “an increase in CBV or normal CBV infarct pattern composite,” were independently associated with ICAD.

Conclusions
An increased CBV or normal CBV pattern may be associated with ICAD LVOS on the pretreatment perfusion imaging.
Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod compared to natalizumab: A nationwide cohort study of 2095 patients in Denmark
Authors: Framke Elisabeth , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Malmborg Morten , Schou Morten , Sellebjerg Finn , Magyari Melinda 
Published: January 2024

Background: Fingolimod may be associated with risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies including reference groups and long follow-up are scarce. Objectives: We hypothesized that patients treated with fingolimod would be at higher risk of developing CVD compared to patients treated with natalizumab. Methods: A nationwide 12-year cohort study linking individual-level data from the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry with health registries on 2095 adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without any health records of CVD at follow-up start. Exposure to fingolimod and natalizumab was defined by the first treatment of at least 3 months. Cohort entry was from 2011 to 2018. We defined CVD as a composite measure, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. We used multivariable adjusted Cox regression. Results: There were 28.8 and 17.4 CVD events per 1000 person-years in fingolimod and natalizumab groups, respectively. Compared to natalizumab-treated patients, fingolimod-treated patients had a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–2.08). Hypertension comprised 200 of 244 CVD events. Conclusion: We found an increased risk of CVD in patients with MS treated with fingolimod. This increased risk was mainly due to hypertension.
Adherence to Practice Guidelines in the Implementation of Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care in Referral Hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Komolafe Abiola Olubusola , Olajubu Aanuoluwapo Omobolanle , Ijarotimi Omotade Adebimpe , Ogunlade Oluwasayo Bolarinwa , Olowokere Adekemi Eunice , Irinoye Omolola Oladunni 
Published: January 2024

Introduction While practice guidelines support clinical decision-making for optimal patient outcomes, there is often nonadherence to practice guidelines in implementing evidence-based interventions. Objectives This article aimed to assess adherence to practice guidelines in emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) and the outcome of pregnancy in cases of obstetric complications in referral hospitals. Method The study employed a descriptive design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the three tertiary hospitals and six out of nine state hospitals in Osun State. A data extraction form developed based on a fidelity framework was used to collect data on Adherence from 264 cases of obstetric complications. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, and inferential statistics, such as chi-square, were done with the significance level set as p < .05. Results Findings showed low adherence to practice guidelines in 70.8% of hemorrhage care, 52.0% of fetal distress care, 60.0% of prolonged obstructed labor care, and 44.4% of preeclampsia/eclampsia care. The study's findings also showed that 64.3% of cases of prolonged/obstructed labor, 54.9% of cases of fetal distress, and 46.7% of all cases of obstetric complications were referred out at the state hospitals. Neonatal mortality in state and tertiary hospitals was 3.7% and 21.7%, respectively, which was significantly different ( p < .001). Conclusion There was low adherence to practice guidelines for the implementation of EmONC in state and tertiary hospitals, and a significant number of cases of obstetric complications were referred out in the state hospitals. The low adherence to practice guidelines and numerous referrals truncate the successful implementation of EmONC and hinder women and newborns from receiving optimal care for obstetric complications. There is a need to develop strategies that promote adherence to practice guidelines in implementing EmONC.
Determinants of bleeding before and during immune tolerance in 222 boys with severe hemophilia A and inhibitors &gt;5 BU
Authors: Fischer Kathelijn , Kenet Gili , Kurnik Karin , Carcao Manuel , Oldenburg Johannes , Stamm-Mikkelsen Torben , Cid Haro Ana Rosa , Koskenvuo Minna , Blatny Jan , Königs Christoph 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Prevention of bleeding and its consequences is the main goal of hemophilia treatment and determines treatment choices for patients who develop inhibitors. To assess bleeding before and during immune tolerance induction (ITI) and its association with ITI regimen and inhibitor titer, we selected and analyzed data on patients receiving high-titer inhibitors from the international prospective PedNet cohort study. In total, 222 patients with severe hemophilia A and inhibitor titers of &gt;5 Bethesda units (BU) were followed from the first positive to the first negative inhibitor result (median overall follow-up, 1.7 years). Mean annual (joint) bleeding rates (AJBR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were compared according to treatment and inhibitor titer using multivariable negative binomial regression. Before ITI, 115 patients showed an ABR of 6.1 (5.0-7.4) and an AJBR 2.6 (2.1-3.2). Bleeding was independent of inhibitor titer. During ITI, 202 patients had an ABR of 4.4 (3.9-5.1) and an AJBR of 1.7 (1.5-2.0). AJBR during ITI increased with inhibitor titer (hazard ratio [HR] for ≥200 BU vs 5 to 39 BU [4.9; CI, 3.2-7.4]) and decreased with daily ITI infusions (HR, 0.4; CI, 0.3-0.6) or activated prothrombin complex concentrate prophylaxis (HR, 0.4; CI, 0.2-0.8), whereas ITI dose and recombinant activated factor VII prophylaxis did not independently affect bleeding. These data provide evidence for a protective effect of repeated FVIII infusions (ITI) on bleeding in patients who have developed inhibitors; these data should be used to plan ITI and/or serve as a comparator for prophylaxis with nonreplacement therapy.
Influence of physical activity on the prognosis of COPD patients: the HADO.2 score – health, activity, dyspnoea and obstruction
Authors: Esteban Cristóbal , Larrea Nere , Aramburu Amaia , Moraza Javier , Chasco Leyre , Aburto Myriam , Aizpiri Susana , Golpe Rafael , Quintana José M. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to create a prognostic instrument for COPD with a multidimensional perspective that includes physical activity (PA). The score also included health status, dyspnoea and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (HADO.2 score).MethodsA prospective, observational, non-intervention study was carried out. Patients were recruited from the six outpatient clinics of the respiratory service of a single university hospital. The component variables of the HADO.2 score and BODE index were studied, and PA was measured using an accelerometer. The outcomes for the HADO.2 score were mortality and hospitalisations during follow-up and an exploration of the correlation with health-related quality of life at the moment of inclusion in the study.Results401 patients were included in the study and followed up for three years. The HADO.2 score showed good predictive capacity for mortality: C-index 0.79 (0.72–0.85). The C-index for hospitalisations was 0.72 (0.66–0.77) and the predictive ability for quality of life, as measured by R2, was 0.63 and 0.53 respectively for the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire and COPD Assessment Test.ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference between the mortality predictive capacity of the HADO.2 score and the BODE index. Adding PA to the original BODE index significantly improved the predictive capacity of the index. The HADO.2 score, which includes PA as a key variable, showed good predictive capacity for mortality and hospitalisations. There were no differences in the predictive capacity of the HADO.2 score and the BODE index.
Outcomes of listing for lung and heart–lung transplantation in pulmonary hypertension: comparative experience in France and the UK
Authors: Pradère Pauline , Le Pavec Jérome , Bos Saskia , Pozza Andre , Nair Arun , Meachery Gerard , Lordan James , Humbert Marc , Mercier Olaf , Fadel Elie , Savale Laurent , Fisher Andrew J. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundLung or heart–lung transplantation (LT/HLT) for severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) as the primary disease indication carries a high risk of waiting list mortality and post-transplant complications. France and the UK both have coordinated PH patient services but with different referral pathways for accessing LT services.MethodsWe conducted a comparative analysis of adult PH patients listed for LT/HLT in the UK and France.ResultsWe included 211 PH patients in France (2006–2018) and 170 in the UK (2010–2019). Cumulative incidence of transplant, delisting and waiting list death within 3 years were 81%, 4% and 11% in Franceversus58%, 10% and 15% in the UK (p<0.001 for transplant and delisting; p=0.1 for death). Median non-priority waiting time was 45 days in Franceversus165 days in the UK (p<0.001). High-priority listing occurred in 54% and 51% of transplanted patients respectively in France and the UK (p=0.8). Factors associated with achieving transplantation related to recipients’ height, male sex, clinical severity and priority listing status. 1-year post-transplant survival was 78% in France and 72% in the UK (p= 0.04).ConclusionAccess to transplantation for PH patients is better in France than in the UK where more patients were delisted due to clinical deterioration because of longer waiting time. High rates of priority listing occurred in both countries. Survival for those achieving transplantation was slightly better in France. Ensuring optimal outcomes after transplant listing for PH patients is challenging and may involve early listing of higher risk patients, increasing donor lung utilisation and improving allocation rules for these specific patients.
Outcomes and risk assessment in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Authors: Boucly Athénaïs , Solinas Sabina , Beurnier Antoine , Jaïs Xavier , Keddache Sophia , Eyries Mélanie , Seferian Andrei , Jevnikar Mitja , Roche Anne , Bulifon Sophie , Bourdin Arnaud , Chaouat Ari , Cottin Vincent , Bertoletti Laurent , Savale Laurent , Humbert Marc , Sitbon Olivier , Montani David 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare and severe subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) guidelines advise assessing PAH severity at baseline and during follow-up, no existing risk assessment methods have been validated for PVOD. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors, examine the impact of treatment strategies and evaluate risk assessment methods for PVOD patients.MethodsThe study analysed all incident PVOD patients included in the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry between 2006 and 2021. Survival was assessed based on initial treatment strategy and risk status and compared to a matched (age, sex, pulmonary vascular resistance) PAH group. Six risk assessment methods (number of four low-risk and three noninvasive low-risk variables, ESC/ERS guidelines three-strata and four-strata models, REVEAL 2.0 and Lite 2) were applied at baseline and early follow-up, and their accuracy was compared using Harrell's c-statistic.ResultsAmong the 327 included PVOD patients, survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86%, 50% and 27%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only 6-min walk distance was associated with survival, with no significant difference based on initial treatment strategy. All six risk assessment methods could discriminate mortality risk, and the ESC/ERS four-strata model was the most accurate at both baseline and follow-up (C-index 0.64 and 0.74). PVOD survival rates were consistently lower than PAH when comparing baseline risk status using the ESC/ERS four-strata model.ConclusionPVOD is associated with poor outcomes, and initial treatment strategies do not significantly affect survival. Risk assessment methods can be useful in predicting survival for PVOD patients.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung cancer having chronic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Isobe Kazutoshi , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Sakamoto Susumu , Tomii Keisuke , Takimoto Takayuki , Miyazaki Yasunari , Matsumoto Masaru , Sugino Keishi , Ichikado Kazuya , Moriguchi Shuhei , Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Baba Tomohisa , Ozasa Hiroaki , Igata Fumiyasu , Anabuki Kazuki , Homma Sakae , Date Hiroshi , Suda Takafumi , Kishi Kazuma 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIn interstitial pneumonia (IP)-associated lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICIP) is common with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the safety and efficacy of ICI treatment for patients with lung cancer with IP.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2016 to December 2020 in patients with primary lung cancer with IP who received ICI treatment.ResultsA total of 200 patients (median age 70 years; male/female, 176/24) were enrolled from 27 institutions. ICIP occurred in 61 patients (30.5%), pneumonitis grades 3–5 in 32 patients (15.5%) and death in nine patients (4.5%). The common computed tomography pattern of ICIP was organising pneumonia in 29 patients (47.5%). Subsequently, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) pattern was observed in 19 patients (31.1%) who had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a non-DAD pattern (median progression-free survival (PFS) 115 daysversus226 days, p=0.042; median overall survival (OS) 334 daysversus1316 days, p<0.001). Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurred in approximately 50% of patients. Patients with irAEs (n=100) had a better prognosis than those without irAEs (n=100) (median PFS 200 daysversus77 days, p<0.001; median OS 597 daysversus390 days p=0.0074). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 41.3% and 68.5%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough ICI treatment was effective for patients with lung cancer with IP, ICIP developed in approximately 30% of patients. Patients with irAEs had a significantly better PFS and OS than those without irAEs.