bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General sensory innervation of the human tongue
Authors: Marlow Clyde D. , Winkelmann R. K. , Gibilisco Joseph A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSpecimens (obtained during oral and pharyngeal operations) from various regions of 33 normal human tongues were studied by silver staining and cholinesterase technics. The tongue was found to be innervated by three types of endings: nonmyelinated free endings, semiorganized coiled endings, and organized endings. All organized endings are mucocutaneous end organs in various sizes and shapes and are nonspecific‐cholinesterase positive.Correlation of new information with pertinent clinical and pathologic observations indicates that biopsy by refined histochemical methods might be useful in diagnosis in cases of tongue neuropathy such as glossodynia and glossopyrosis.
Demineralization with EDTA by constant replacement
Authors: Bélanger Leonard F. , Copp D. Harold , Morton Margaret A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn apparatus for demineralization of hard tissues by constant replacement of a saturated solution of EDTA is described. This method allows for more rapid demineralization through better Ca chelation. EDTA demineralization preserves cells and matrix constituents particularly the mucopolysaccharides as demonstrated by staining, Alpharadiography, phase contrast microscopy and microincineration. Cold acetone fixation followed by cold EDTA demineralization retains several enzymic activities.
The distribution of the autofluorescent cells and of the yellow autofluorescent granules in the rat tissues
Authors: Sainte‐Marie Guy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe previously described in the rat lymphocytic tissues peculiar cells referred to as autofluorescent cells. They are filled with cytoplasmic granules most of which emit a yellow autofluorescence under the fluorescence microscope. In this work, in an attempt to clarify the function of these cells, their distribution was investigated in the various tissues of the rat. Cells comparable to the autofluorescent cells were found in the stroma of the trachea, gut, ovaries, uterus and bone marrow. These areas are sites of antigenic challenges and have a high mitotic activity. Hence, their distribution can support our previous suggestions that these cells are involved in immunity or growth. The tissues were examined furthermore to see if their parenchymal cells would contain yellow autofluorescent granules. The cells of most tissues were found to have some granules. It is suggested that these granules represent organelles, or lipids associated with organelles involved in cellular work.
Sex chromatin and idiograms from rats exhibiting anomalies of the reproductive organs
Authors: Allison John E. , Stanley Allan J. , Gumbreck Laurence G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCertain anomalous conditions associated with the reproductive organs have arisen in a line of King‐Holtzmann hybrid rats maintained in our laboratory. These are sterile pseudohermaphroditic males in which the entire reproductive tract except the testes is missing; apparent males demonstrating an ectopic inguinal ring and testis on one or both sides; and sterile males with descended scrotal testes. The procedure developed by Moore ('55) for staining sex chromatin was applied to cells from liver, spinal cord, testis, and parotid gland of rats. A sex difference is clearly shown, however, only with the liver cells. Ford and Woollam's ('64) sequence for demonstrating mammalian chromosomes renders positive results on bone marrow cells. This method applied to liver and testis yields unsatisfactory results.Examination of idiograms and sex chromatin bodies from animals exhibiting the conditions outlined above leads to the following conclusions: (1) all abnormal animals studied are genetic males; and (2) the pseudohermaphrodites, though genetically male, exhibit a pattern of differentiation of chromosomes during the metaphase plate stage resembling that in the female.Similarities between certain anatomic and physiologic factors exhibited in pseudohermaphroditic rats and those present in “testicular feminization” in man are discussed. Male rats exhibiting an ectopic inguinal ring and testis and sterile males with descended scrotal testes also may have their counterpart in man.
The right ovary of the chick embryo after early sinistral castration
Authors: Groenendijk‐Huijbers Margot M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAfter sinistral ovariectomy of young chicks the right ovary develops into a testicular structure. This well known fact induced the author to study the development of the right ovary of chick embryos after early sinistral castration. In four‐day‐old embryos of various breeds and strains the left gonadal primordium was destroyed by local electro‐diathermic coagulation. The remaining right ovaries, developing until autopsy at 12‐ to 19‐days of incubation, as a rule showed a compensatory growth as well as a marked lacunarization of the medullary layer adjacent to the surface epithelium. The enlargement, verified by means of volumetric, planimetric and ocular micrometer measurements, was statistically significant from the fourteenth day onwards. The compensatory growth particularly concerned the ordinary medullary cord cells and the fat laden cells. The latter cells kept their lipid globules and their characteristics remained unchanged. No indications of masculinization were seen apart from a significant reduction of the incidence of cortical rudiments. As a whole the right ovary preserved its characteristic structure. Arguments are brought forward to substantiate the concept that hyperfunction of the pituitary gland of the hemicastrate is responsible for the modifications observed.
The lymphatic system of Bradypus tridactylus
Authors: Azzali Giacomo , Didio Liberato J. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe lymphatic system of the sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) was described after the study of five specimens captured in Brazil. The lymphatic system was injected with Prussian blue suspension and neoprene latex (the latter followed by partial corrosion). The description includes lymph nodes, lymphatic networks, vessels and trunks. The distribution of these structures follows the general pattern of other Xenarthra, namely, Dasypus, Euphractus and Tamandua. However, the following peculiarities were noted: the submandibular, popliteal and posterior mediastinal ll.nn., the abdominothoracic subcutaneous lymphatic collecting vessels, the true principal lymphatic trunks, the cisterna chyli, and the thoracic duct were missing in Bradypus tridactylus. The mesenteric ll.nn. do not fuse and their efferent vessels intermingle with those originating from the cecocolic ll.nn. forming a mesenteric lymphatic plexus. The lymphatic vessels arising from the submucous network of the descending and sigmoid colon are arranged as parallel lamellae similar to those in Dasypus. The efferent collecting vessels from several abdominal organs ultimately empty directly in the inferior vena cava and its trunks of origin and those coming from the bronchial ll.nn. lead to the azygos vein. This feature reminds one of the conditions described in some monkeys. The mesenteric postlymphonodal plexus is well developed and because of the absence of intercalated lymph nodes in the labrinthine circulation it resembles that of amphibia and birds.
Lack of effect of relaxin or steroids on the histology of the mouse parathyroid gland
Authors: Manning J. P. , Steinetz B. G. , Priester Sara F. , Butler Margaret C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNormal parathyroid glands exhibited two distinct cellular types: one type of cell had a large round nucleus containing fine chromatin granules and a nucleolus; the other type had a round or spindle‐shaped nucleus with densely‐packed chromatin. The following hormonal preparations were tested and failed to alter parathyroid histology: relaxin extract (R), estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ECP), combined ECP and R, or various combinations of these hormones with progesterone or cortisone acetate. The pubic joints of the mice underwent the anticipated hormonally‐induced changes. Our results are at variance with those of Chase and Shanmugasundaram ('64) who (a) described only one cell type in the mouse parathyroid and (b) reported that relaxin alone or a combination of estrogen and relaxin induced cellular changes suggestive of increased glandular function. The two studies are apparently irreconcilable; however, we did note in about 30% of our mice variable lymphatic aggregates in the thyro‐parathyroid complex. Although not actually related to hormonal treatments, it is conceivable that in a small series of animals and without serial sectioning, such lymphatic tissue might be mistaken for altered parathyroid gland.
Cellular changes, protein and glycogen content in developing rabbit corpora lutea
Authors: Rennie P. , Davenport G. R. , Welborn W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe glycogen, protein and absolute cell numbers of the developing rabbit corpus luteum were measured from 24 hours to 192 hours after mating. There was no significant alteration in the protein content, which was approximately 9%. The glycogen content increased significantly from 0.14% at 24 hours to 0.26% at 120 hours and subsequently remained constant. The cell numbers were determined by homogenizing the tissue and the nuclei were counted in a Neubauer hemocytometer. The total cell numbers increased from 10 × 104, of which 65% (6.3 × 104) were luteal cells, to 67 × 104 where 21% (9.8 × 104) were luteal cells. It was not determined whether the increase in luteal cells was due to mitotic division or transformation of the other cell types into luteal cells.
A histochemical and biochemical study of phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase in smooth muscle
Authors: Bo Walter J. , Smith Mavis S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPhosphorylase and UDPG‐glycogen synthetase were studied in the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder, large intestine, skeletal muscle (adductors of thigh), and esophagus of the adult male and female rat. The two enzymes were investigated by histochemical and biochemical procedures.In the skeletal muscle of the thigh and esophagus, UDPG‐glycogen synthetase was not as strong as phosphorylase. The latter enzyme was strong in the smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and large intestine. The response was better in the inner circular than in the outer longitudinal layer of the large intestine. Only phosphorylase was detected in the muscularis mucosa of the esophagus and large intestine. UPDG‐glycogen synthetase activity varied from a good response to a very weak one in the smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and large intestine. In the latter organ the response was stronger in the inner circular than in the outer longitudinal layer. From the biochemical studies phosphorylase and UDPG‐glycogen synthetase were determined to be present in significant amounts in the urinary bladder, large intestine, and skeletal muscle of the thigh.Since significant amounts of the enzymes are present in smooth muscle, glycogen may be synthesized from UPDG by the action of UDPG‐glycogen synthetase, while phosphorylase is concerned with the breakdown of glycogen to G‐1‐P. However, more information on the relationship of the enzyme to glycogen concentration in smooth muscle is needed.
The blood supply of the rat mandible
Authors: Huelke Donald F. , Castelli Walter A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe blood supply of the rat mandible was studied in 12 adult animals using four techniques. Eight animals were injected with a cinnabar, mercury, zinc oxide mixture (Teichmann's paste) for dissection and for cleared specimens, two with radiopaque material, and two others with India ink. Findings indicate that the coronoid, condylar, and angular processes of the mandible are supplied by vessels which are primarily concerned with the nutrition of the muscles that attach to these areas, and not from the inferior alveolar artery. The inferior alveolar artery supplies the body of the mandible, teeth and adjacent structures. After entering the mandibular foramen this artery bifurcates beneath the third molar tooth. The larger inferior stem passes downward and backward to supply multiple branches to the pulp of incisor tooth and branches to the periodontium about this tooth. The superior stem passes forward beneath the apices of the molar teeth to supply them and the adjacent tissue. The venous drainage of the bone varies – the coronoid and condylar processes drain downward into a confluence of venous channels about the apex of the incisor tooth. Veins of the molar teeth and supporting structures pass through the bone into gingival veins. Concentrations of venous channels primarily draining the angle and condyle are found along the inferior border of the angle and above, where the angular process joins the body proper.
Number and distribution of thyrotropic cells in the mouse pituitary gland
Authors: Messier B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe pituitary gland of a normal LAF1 mouse was reconstructed from serial coronal sections. Alcian blue positive cells (thyrotropes) were found in greater abundance in the mid portion of the gland. Pooled cell counts from every tenth section yielded an overall frequency of 0.43% alcian blue positive cells.The average frequency of these cells was also assessed in a group of eight normal mice. Cell counts in random coronal sections from the mid portion of each pituitary revealed a mean percentage of 0.87 alcian blue positive cells.
Daily leukocyte rhythms in normal and hypophysectomized rats exposed to different environmental light‐dark schedules
Authors: Pauly John Edward , Scheving Lawrence Einar 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWith environmental factors rigidly standardized, Sprague‐Dawley rats were maintained under the following lighting schedules: (1) artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness‐LD, (2) reversal of the above‐DL, (3) constant darkness‐DD, and (4) constant illumination‐LL.During each regimen, both total and differential white blood counts of tail blood were done in a hemocytometer and then were compared to differential counts done by the smear technique on groups of 16 animals at bi‐hourly intervals over a 24‐hour period. Rhythms in lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were found under all lighting conditions by plotting the bi‐hourly mean values of the absolute counts along the 24‐hour time scale; rhythms were not found when the means of the differential counts were plotted. The DL rhythms always were the reverse of the ones seen in LD.In LD, DL, and DD, but not in LL, the rhythms of the three cell types were synchronized, that is, their peaks and troughs occur at about the same time each day.Some evidence, based on desynchronization from LD rhythms, suggests that all three cells types in DD and the lymphoctyes in LL were or had been at one time free‐running.Expressed as an overall increase in magnitude, the greatest response in the three cell types to abnormal lighting conditions (DL, DD, and LL) was seen in the neutrophils.Similar determinations made on a second colony of hypophysectomized animals maintained under LD conditions demonstrated that hypophysectomy did not abolish the rhythm characteristic of lymphocytes, since the timing was identical to the rhythm seen in normal LD animals. There was, however, a lymphocytosis in the hypophysectomized group. Hypophysectomy greatly modified, but did not abolish the eosinophil and neutrophil rhythms.The significance of periodicity analysis in relation to bioassay is discussed.
A method of constructing plastic display jars
Authors: Audette L. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA simple and inexpensive method of fabricating transparent plastic, large capacity, rectangular display jars for preserved wet specimens is described. Simple tools are used, including a holder for a tape‐type heating element and a bending jig which are easily fashioned from available material. The jars are permanent, moisture tight, and provide quality and uniformity at low cost.
Change in the distribution of succinic dehydrogenase within the rat hepatic lobule after ligation of the common bile duct
Authors: Cohen P. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe distribution of hepatic succinic dehydrogenase has been compared in common bile duct‐ligated and control rats. In control cases, a gradient of succinic dehydrogenase activity is found within each liver lobule; periportal regions exhibit the highest level of enzyme activity, and the activity gradually decreases in a central direction. Centrilobular regions exhibit only slight activity.However, after complete ligation of the common bile duct, this gradient gradually disappears from the lobule due to a gradual increase in succinic dehydrogenase activity in middle and central regions. By 18–19 days after ligation, a relatively high and uniform level of succinic dehydrogenase activity is displayed by all surviving parenchymal cells, regardless of position occupied within the lobule. The possible functional implications of this finding are discussed.
Correlation of localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases with morphological development of the rat kidney
Authors: Desalu A. B. O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe Gomori (metal‐salt) and azo‐dye techniques were used for the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases in the metanephric kidneys from 13‐ to 22‐day‐old fetal rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity was localized first in the luminal (brush) border of the differentiated proximal tubule in the kidneys of 19‐day‐old fetuses. Acid phosphatase activity was first localized in the cytoplasm of all the morphologically differentiated cells of the nephron in the kidneys of 20‐day‐old fetuses as cytoplasmic “droplets.” The relationships of the localization of these to the morphological differentiation of the nephron is discussed.
Rotational movements in the foot of Galago senegalensis
Authors: Hall‐Craggs E. C. B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe wide range of rotational movement found in the elongated foot of Galago senegalensis cannot be accounted for by movement at the subtalar joint. A gross and microscopic study of the intertarsal joints of this animal have revealed a discrete calcaneonavicular articulation between the shafts of these bones together with a pivot joint at the calcaneocuboid articulation. It is suggested that little movement occurs at the subtalar joint and that most of the rotation found is produced by a movement of the navicular and distal tarsal bones about an axis which passes through the attachment of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament to the calcaneus, the calcaneal portion of the calcaneonavicular joint and the pivot of the calcaneocuboid joint. A comparison is made with the foot of Tarsius and with the rotational movements of the forearm.
The peritoneum ofTrichosurus vulpecula
Authors: Perrott J. W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis investigation of the peritoneal reflections of the brush‐tailed possum was carried out on eight adult specimens. The greater omentum is relatively short, whereas the lesser omentum is arranged much the same as in man. Only the mesoduodenum and the distal mesocolon are totally reflected from off the dorsal peritoneum. The remaining peritoneal folds are either free or have a weak scanty attachment to the dorsal wall thus ensuring the general mobility of the gut in an animal whose posture is both orthograde and pronograde. These reflections are discussed from a phylogenetic aspect.
Pathological changes in adipose tissue of obese mice
Authors: Hausberger Franz X. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGonadal and perirenal fat pads from markedly obese mice show pathological changes associated with the appearance of many large macrophages, small mononuclear cells resembling lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells. The first recognizable changes are always associated with necrosis of the fat cell membrane. Advanced stages also show reduction of the number of fat cells, formation of large fat vacuoles and cysts, and predominance of innumerable pathological cells. The extent of tissue changes varies considerably even within one fat pad but is dependent on the degree and duration of obesity. Animals weighing less than 45 gm are only occasionally, heavier mice almost regularly, affected. The nitrogen content of normally healthy adipose tissue decreases as the animals grow older and fatter, while fat pads exhibiting tissue pathology show the expected increase in the protein and water content, and a reduction of the lipid content. The pathological changes were observed in obese‐hyperglycemic mice, in several strains of mice made obese by the administration of goldthioglucose, and in four old and very fat controls. These four controls were the only ones in several hundred normal mice examined which showed changes. Few and only minor pathological changes were noted in subcutaneous fatty tissue of mice which showed marked pathology of the abdominal fat pads.
The mitotic pattern in the neural tube of Ambystoma maculatum
Authors: McKeehan Morris S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn stages H18–H22 the neural tube was composed of a partially stratified epithelium, reflecting its origin from epidermal and sensory layers of ectoderm. Mitotic figures were distributed over the whole neural wall. Fifty‐four to 91% were peripheral to the luminal zone. There was no evidence of nuclear migration attending mitosis. After integration of epidermal and sensory cells into a single epithelium by stage H24, mitotic figures were mostly near the lumen and for some time prophase stages were distributed peripherally. During this period nuclear migration to and from the lumen accompanied mitosis as in higher vertebrates. By stage H46 nuclei of the neural epithelium were restricted to a narrow zone near the lumen. Most mitotic figures and all other phases of mitosis were in this zone. There was a consequent lack of appreciable nuclear migration. A few peripheral mitotic figures remained in neural cells through stage H46. Some were in epithelial cells whose nuclei did not migrate to the lumen. Others were in the mantle zone, perhaps in neuroblasts. These observations support the view that the neural epithelium, whatever its extent, is germinal. Neither a “germinal zone” nor a special strain of “germinal cells” could be distinguished at any stage.
Aging on mast cells and plasmacytes in the brain of hamsters
Authors: Kelsall Margaret A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMast cells occurred along the internal cerebral veins in the brain of 55 female and 75 male Syrian hamsters, 35 to 844 days old. Observations on serial parasagittal sections stained with toluidin blue indicated that the largest aggregation of mast cells was in the arachnoid layer between the velum interpositum near the origin of the internal cerebral veins. Mast cells were aligned along short segments of thalamic veins usually near their entrances into the internal cerebral vein or along capillaries in the thalamus of 28 of 45 hamsters, 500 to 844 days old, but were absent in the thalamus of the 17 less than 200 days old. Mast cells and plasmacytes were present in the choroid plexuses of the lateral and third ventricles in 29 of 41, 521 to 844 days old, but were not found in the choroid plexuses of 42 hamsters, 35 to 381 days old, Plasmacytes but no mast cells occurred in the subfornical organ of 18 of 26, 500 to 775 days old and in only 1 of 13 less than a year old. Hibernation, binding of biogenic amines, and vasodilation are topics of discussion on the significance of heparin and histamine in mast cells.