bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preclinical studies on immunogenicity of the HIV‐1 p17‐based synthetic peptide AT20‐KLH
Authors: Fiorentini Simona , Marini Elena , Bozzo Luisa , Trainini Laura , Saadoune Lamiaa , Avolio Manuela , Pontillo Angela , Bonfanti Carlo , Sarmientos Paolo , Caruso Arnaldo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that HIV‐1 p17 matrix protein may play an important role in AIDS pathogenesis, since anti‐p17 antibodies represent a serological marker of disease progression during HIV‐1 infection both in adults and children. Moreover, it has been recently reported that the viral protein is capable of significantly increasing the proliferation of preactivated T lymphocytes and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Recombinant HIV‐1 p17 also has induced an increased rate of HIV‐1 replication in vitro. All p17 biological activities are exerted after its binding to a specific cellular receptor expressed on activated T lymphocytes. The functional p17 epitope involved in receptor binding was found to be located at the NH2‐terminal region of the viral protein. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with a 20 amino acid synthetic peptide representative of the HIV‐1 p17 functional region (AT20) coupled to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and given in Freund's incomplete adjuvant, resulted in the development of p17‐neutralizing antibodies capable of blocking p17/p17 receptor interaction, and consequently, all biological activities of the viral protein. Moreover, it was possible to skew the humoral response induced by priming mice with AT20‐KLH toward cell‐mediated immune responses, boosting animals with p17. Our findings may provide a new strategy to develop a synthetic AIDS vaccine based on a potentially effective and safe subunit vaccine against the HIV‐1 cytokine‐like matrix protein p17. Preclinical immunogenicity data for AT20‐KLH provide the basis for evaluation of the peptide‐basedvaccine, alone and in combination with p17 or p17 DNA vaccines, in Phase I clinical trials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci), 2004
Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after varicose vein surgery
Authors: van Rij A M , Chai J , Hill G B , Christie R A 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

Background
Varicose vein surgery is generally considered to have little risk of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This prospective study examined the incidence of DVT in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery.

Methods
Lower leg veins were assessed before operation by duplex ultrasonography in 377 patients, and reassessed 2–4 weeks after surgery, and again at 6 and 12 months. Patients were instructed to contact a physician if symptoms consistent with DVT occurred before the scheduled follow-up appointment. Preoperative prophylaxis (a single dose of subcutaneous heparin) was left to the discretion of the vascular surgeon.

Results
DVT was detected in 20 (5·3 per cent) of the 377 patients. Of these, only eight were symptomatic and no patient developed symptoms consistent with pulmonary embolus. Eighteen of the 20 DVTs were confined to the calf veins. Subcutaneous heparin did not alter the outcome. No propagation of thrombus was observed and half of the DVTs had resolved without deep venous reflux at 1 year.

Conclusion
The incidence of DVT following varicose vein surgery was higher than previously thought, but these DVTs had minimal short- or long-term clinical significance.
Long-term effect of fundoplication on motility of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Scheffer R C H , Samsom M , Frakking T G , Smout A J P M , Gooszen H G 
Published: September 2004

Abstract

Background
This study assessed the long-term effect of Nissen fundoplication on oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) motility.

Methods
Symptoms were scored and oesophageal manometry performed in 34 consecutive patients with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, before, 3 months after and 2 years after surgery.

Results
Distal peristaltic amplitude increased from a median of 57 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 18 to 107) mmHg to 86 (95 per cent c.i. 54 to 208) mmHg (P &lt; 0·001) at 3 months and 92 (45 to 210) mmHg (P &lt; 0·001) at 2 years. In four patients the amplitude increased to more than 180 mmHg and three of these patients reported odynophagia. After surgery, a linear relationship was observed between the peristaltic amplitude and nadir OGJ relaxation pressure at 3 months (rs = 0·68, P &lt; 0·001) and 2 years (rs = 0·64, P &lt; 0·001). A significant correlation was also found between amplitude and both basal OGJ pressure and intrabolus pressure at 3 months (rs = 0·58, P &lt; 0·001 and rs = 0·63, P &lt; 0·001 respectively) and 2 years (rs = 0·71, P &lt; 0·001 and rs = 0·49, P = 0·024). There was a relationship between peristaltic amplitude and the odynophagia score at 2 years (rs = 0·60, P = 0·017).

Conclusion
Within 3 months of fundoplication the amplitude of oesophageal peristalsis increased substantially, leading to a nutcracker oesophagus and odynophagia in a subgroup of patients. These phenomena did not appear to progress with time.
Plaintiff life‐taking: the effect of mock juror attitudes toward suicide on assignment of negligence and damages in a civil suit
Authors: Worthington Debra L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSocial scientific and legal scholars have examined the potential of a variety of case‐relevant biases to distort juror decision‐making (inter alia, death penalty attitudes, attitudes toward corporations, attitudes toward physicians, etc.). However, previous research has yet to address empirically the impact of attitudes toward suicide on juror decision‐making. This study sought to examine the impact of mock juror's attitudes toward, and experiences with, suicide on assignment of negligence and damages in a civil suit. While results suggest that mock juror attitudes toward suicide do not directly affect a juror's assignment of negligence or damage awards, they do suggest that jurors may be susceptible to a reactance effect. As a result, attorneys should exercise caution when considering whether to directly address issues of possible plaintiff suicide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationships among clinical depression, suicide, and other actions that may hasten death
Authors: Werth James L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractClinical depression and other psychological disorders have been associated with suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths. Because of the link between suicide and mental illness, whenever discussion of “assisted suicide” arises, the possibility that major depression is affecting the decision arises. This article examines the literature on clinical depression as it relates to suicide, “assisted suicide,” and other decisions that will hasten death (i.e. withholding and withdrawing treatment, terminal sedation, and voluntarily stopping eating and drinking). Ethical and legal considerations when working with individuals who are considering taking an action that would hasten death are also briefly reviewed. The article ends with practice and policy recommendations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coercive treatment for drug misuse: a dialogical juncture
Authors: Horrocks Christine , Barker Val , Kelly Nancy , Robinson Dave 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis article adopts a ‘dialogical’ relational perspective to explore the recently introduced initiative of coercive treatment for drug misuse in the UK. Conversational interviews were undertaken with 11 people who had been sentenced to the Drug Treatment and Testing Order. Receiving treatment for drug misuse is often storied within a motivational account that is expectant of a ‘readiness to change’; such assumptions seem theoretically problematic when change is legally imposed. Therefore, moral and ethical concerns surround the introduction of this initiative, however the interview data illustrates the potential that participation might offer for the creation of ‘counterstories’ where a more moral self can be enacted. Our analysis suggests that this counterstory is co‐constructed thus being an outcome of both self and other. Furthermore such stories appear fragile; constantly under assault from detrimental authoritative discourses that are not only part of wider social understandings around drug misuse but also permeate the policy and practice of coercive treatment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of Golgi Mannosidase II with Mannostatin A Analogues: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: Li Bing , Kawatkar Sameer P. , George Shaji , Strachan Heather , Woods Robert J. , Siriwardena Aloysius , Moremen Kelley W. , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMannostatin and aminocyclopentitetrol analogues with various substitutions at the amino function were synthesized. These compounds were tested as inhibitors of human Golgi and lysosomal α‐mannosidases. Modification of the amine of mannostatin had only marginal effects, whereas similar modifications of aminocyclopentitetrol led to significantly improved inhibitors. Ab initio calculations and molecular docking studies were employed to rationalize the results. It was found that mannostatin and aminocyclopentitretrol could bind to Golgi α‐mannosidase II in a similar mode to that of the known inhibitor swainsonine. However, due to the flexibility of the five‐membered rings of these compounds, additional low‐energy binding modes could be adopted. These binding modes may be relevant for the improved activities of the benzyl‐substituted compounds. The thiomethyl moiety of mannostatin was predicted to make favorable hydrophobic interactions with Arg228 and Tyr727 that would possibly account for its greater inhibitory activity.
Mass Transfer Investigation of Liquid Membrane Transport of Gold (III) by Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Mobile Carrier
Authors: Kargari A. , Kaghazchi T. , Soleimani M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractExtraction of AuIII ions by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) system with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as the mobile carrier and also liquid‐liquid extraction of AuIII from aqueous solutions have been studied. Experiments on the transport of the gold ions in a liquid‐liquid extraction system and stripping of the extracted ions from the organic phase as well as the extraction by a three‐phase W/O/W emulsion liquid membrane system have been performed. The results showed that even when the distribution coefficient of the diffusing species in the phases is small, the extraction by emulsion liquid membranes would be an effective process. A first‐order extraction rate was proposed and examined for the extraction system.
A Novel Granulation Technology for Producing Spherical Wax Particles
Authors: Fang J.‐Y. , Xi Y.‐Z. , Wang T.‐J. , Jin Y. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA novel granulation technology for producing spherical wax particles that makes use of the insolubility of wax and water is developed. The granulation is stably performed in a granulator with a water‐cooling tower. The granulation process is analyzed and the influences of key factors on the process are studied. Experiments are carried out with 58# semi‐refined wax and 70# crystallitic wax in an experimental granulator which has 118 nozzles (Di = 0.96 mm, Do = 1.28 mm). The process capacity and the corresponding particle diameter are 55–60 kg/h and 4–5 mm, respectively. Using the modified correlation of Scheele and Meister, suitable operation flow rates and the corresponding particle diameters for different nozzles can be predicted. This technology has the following advantages: good particle shape with excellent fluidity, high process capacity and heat‐transfer efficiency, and a small space for the granulator. It is also suitable for producing spherical particles of other materials, which have similar physical properties to wax.
Dynamic On‐Line Reoptimization Control of a Batch MMA Polymerization Reactor Using Hybrid Neural Network Models
Authors: Tian Y. , Zhang J. , Morris J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA hybrid neural network model based on‐line reoptimization control strategy is developed for a batch polymerization reactor. To address the difficulties in batch polymerization reactor modeling, the hybrid neural network model contains a simplified mechanistic model covering material balance assuming perfect temperature control, and recurrent neural networks modeling the residuals of the simplified mechanistic model due to imperfect temperature control. This hybrid neural network model is used to calculate the optimal control policy. A difficulty in the optimal control of batch polymerization reactors is that the optimization effort can be seriously hampered by unknown disturbances such as reactive impurities and reactor fouling. With the presence of an unknown amount of reactive impurities, the off‐line calculated optimal control profile will be no longer optimal. To address this issue, a strategy combining on‐line reactive impurity estimation and on‐line reoptimization is proposed in this paper. The amount of reactive impurities is estimated on‐line during the early stage of a batch by using a neural network based inverse model. Based on the estimated amount of reactive impurities, on‐line reoptimization is then applied to calculate the optimal reactor temperature profile for the remaining time period of the batch reactor operation. This approach is illustrated on the optimization control of a simulated batch methyl methacrylate polymerization process.
Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Synthesis of Novel Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues with Antitumoral Activity
Authors: Velcicky Juraj , Lanver Andreas , Lex Johann , Prokop Aram , Wieder Thomas , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA diversity‐oriented, enantioselective synthesis of new (monoprotected) carbocyclic nucleoside analogues (CNAs) with the nucleobase attached to a 3‐hydroxymethyl‐4‐trialkylsilyloxymethylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐yl scaffold was developed. As a key intermediate, racemic (5SR,8RS)‐8‐allyloxy‐2‐trimethylsilyl‐7‐oxa‐bicyclo[3.3.0]‐oct‐1‐en‐3‐one was prepared from 1,1‐diallyloxy‐3‐trimethylsilyl‐2‐propyne in a cobalt‐mediated Pauson–Khand reaction. The enantiomerically pure material was obtained through efficient kinetic resolution (selectivity factor s≥40 at −78 °C) by means of an oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed borane reduction (CBS reduction) with catecholborane. The absolute configuration of the resolved products was determined by CD spectroscopy, Mosher ester analysis, and chemical correlation. Subsequent steps involve diastereoselective ketone reduction and fully regio‐ and diastereoselective introduction of the nucleobase through Pd0‐catalyzed allylic substitution. The generality of the method was demonstrated by preparation of CNAs in both enantiomeric series with all five natural nucleobases, as well as 5‐bromouracil, 5‐fluorouracil, and 6‐chloropurine. Screening of the various compounds in a cytotoxicity assay with BJAB and ALL tumor cell lines revealed that some of the compounds possess pronounced antitumoral properties (LD50 values down to 9 μM, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase release after 48 h). By measuring DNA fragmentation, it could be shown that the activity results from induction of apoptosis.
Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis. Part 7. Intramolecular Chromium(II)‐Catalyzed Pinacol Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Methylene‐α,ω‐dicarbonyls.
Authors: Groth Ulrich , Jung Marc , Vogel Till 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Preparation of 2‐Azulenylboronate and Miyaura—Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction with Aryl Bromides for Easy Access to Poly(2‐azulenyl)benzenes.
Authors: Ito Shunji , Terazono Tomomi , Kubo Takahiro , Okujima Tetsuo , Morita Noboru , Murafuji Toshihiro , Sugihara Yoshikazu , Fujimori Kunihide , Kawakami Jun , Tajiri Akito 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trifluoromethyl‐ and Difluoromethyl‐β‐lactams as Useful Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Amino Acids, Dipeptides, and Fluoro‐Taxoids.
Authors: Kuznetsova Larisa , Ungureanu Ioana Maria , Pepe Antonella , Zanardi Ilaria , Wu Xinyuan , Ojima Iwao 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted‐trans‐2,3‐dihydrofurans.
Authors: Cao Weiguo , Ding Weiyu , Chen Jie , Chen Yali , Zang Qin , Chen Guodong 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Nonpeptidic Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Protease Obtained via a New Multicomponent Chemistry Strategy.
Authors: Yehia Nasser A. M. , Antuch Walfrido , Beck Barbara , Hess Sibylle , Schauer‐Vukasinovic Vesna , Almstetter Michael , Furer Patrick , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Doemling Alexander 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxazolidinone: Search for Highly Potent Antibacterial.
Authors: Lohray Braj Bhushan , Lohray Vidya Bhushan , Srivastava Brijesh Kumar , Gupta Sunil , Solanki Manish , Kapadnis Prashant , Takale Vijay , Pandya Purvi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 6‐(2′,3′,4′,5′,6′‐Pentafluorophenyl)‐δ‐lactones via “Allyl” Boranes: Application for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Analogue of Key Pharmacophore of Statin Drugs.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Padiya Kamlesh J. , Rauniyar Vivek , Reddy M. Venkat Ram , Brown Herbert C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stabilization of (N‐Methyleneamino)imidoylketenes: Synthesis of Dipyrazolo[1,2‐a;1′,2′‐d][1,2,4,5]tetrazines.
Authors: Lisowskaya Natalie A. , Maslivets Andrei N. , Aliev Zainutdin G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Decarboxylative Glycosylation Promoted by Hafnium(IV) Trifluoromethanesulfonate: β‐Selective Glycosylation via a Mixed Carbonate of an Acyl‐Protected Donor Sugar.
Authors: Azumaya Isao , Kotani Masaomi , Ikegami Shiro 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3‐26,23‐Lactams (DLAMs), a Novel Series of 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Antagonist.
Authors: Kato Yuko , Nakano Yusuke , Sano Hiroko , Tanatani Aya , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Shimazawa Rumiko , Koshino Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Yuichi , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereocontrol in Organic Synthesis Using Silicon‐Containing Compounds. Studies Directed Towards the Synthesis of Ebelactone A
Authors: Archibald Sarah C. , Barden David J. , Bazin Jerome F. Y. , Fleming Ian , Foster Colin F. , Mandal Ajay K. , Mandal Amit K. , Parker David , Takaki Ken , Ware Anne C. , et al. et al. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spin Reorientation Associated with a Structural Transition in the Iron Oxycarbonate Sr4Fe2O6CO3.
Authors: Breard Y. , Michel C. , Hervieu M. , Nguyen N. , Ducouret A. , Hardy V. , Maignan A. , Raveau B. , Bouree F. , Andre G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective sp2—sp2 Bond Formation via Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Vinylic Tellurides and 2‐Heteroarylzinc Chlorides.
Authors: Zeni Gilson , Alves Diego , Braga Antonio L. , Stefani Helio A. , Nogueira Cristina W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lithium Amide Assisted Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of Menthyl Acetate with PMP‐Aldimines.
Authors: Hata Seiji , Iguchi Mayu , Iwasawa Tetsuo , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and Synthesis of Imidazolinium Salts Derived from (L)‐Valine. Investigation of Their Potential in Chiral Molecular Recognition.
Authors: Clavier Herve , Boulanger Loise , Audic Nicolas , Toupet Loic , Mauduit Marc , Guillemin Jean‐Claude 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unprecedented in situ Oxidative Ring Cleavage of Isoxazolidines: Diastereoselective Transformation of Nitronic Acids and Derivatives into 3‐Hydroxymethyl 4‐Nitro Tetrahydrofurans and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Roger Pierre‐Yves , Durand Anne‐Catherine , Rodriguez Jean , Dulcere Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Substituted Pyridines and Purines Containing 2,4‐Thiazolidinedione.
Authors: Kim Bok Young , Ahn Joong Bok , Lee Hong Woo , Kang Sung Kwon , Lee Jung Hwa , Shin Jae Soo , Ahn Soon Kil , Hong Chung Il , Yoon Seung Soo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Monofluorinated Indolizines and Their Derivatives by the 1,3‐Dipolar Reaction of N‐Ylides with Fluorinated Vinyl Tosylates.
Authors: Fang Xiang , Wu Yong‐Ming , Deng Juan , Wang Shao‐Wu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocyclic Synthesis with Ethyl α‐(3‐Carbamoyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo [b]thiophen‐2‐ylhydrazono)acetates: An Expeditious Synthetic Approach to Polyfunctionally Substituted Pyran, Pyridine, and Pyridazine Derivatives.
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Sherif Sherif M. , Gaber Hatem M. , Ghabrial Sami S. , Aziz Susan I. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing 15‐Membered Triacetylenic Macrocycles. Stable Complex with Palladium(0).
Authors: Pla‐Quintana Anna , Roglans Anna , Torrent Anna , Moreno‐Manas Marcial , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Nitrazepame. Amination of 2‐(2‐Chloroacetamido)‐5‐nitrobenzophenone with Hexamethylenetetramine.
Authors: Anikeev V. N. , Petrunin A. I. , Kilin M. T. , Guss F. V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Organogermanium Compounds via Metalation of 3‐Trimethylsilyl‐3‐ethoxycarbonylcyclopropene Derivatives.
Authors: Zrinski Irena , Novak‐Coumbassa Nana , Eckert‐Maksic Mirjana 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic Acid Analogue as a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2.
Authors: Vicker Nigel , Su Xiangdong , Lawrence Harshani , Cruttenden Adrian , Purohit Atul , Reed Michael J. , Potter Barry V. L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Expeditious Route to N‐Acetyl‐D‐galactosamine from N‐Acetyl‐D‐glucosamine Based on the Selective Protection of Hydroxy Groups.
Authors: Ito Naoyuki , Tokuda Yoshihide , Ohba Shigeru , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Fe3O4 Nanowires Encapsulated in Carbon Microtubes.
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Zhang Wanqun , Ding Yanwei , Peng Yiya , Zhang Shuyuan , Yu Weichao , Qian Yitai 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.