bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY OF 59 TRIPLET PREGNANCIES
Authors: Itzkowic D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe outcome of 59 triplet pregnancies from four hospitals was analyzed. The combined stillbirth and neonatal mortality rate was 232/1000. Preterm labour and birth order were the most important identifiable factors in relation to neonatal death. Birth weight within a triplet set and malpresentation were not related to neonatal death. Elective cervical suture appeared to be of no value in prolonging gestation.
TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION WITH HYDATIDIFORM MOLES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES
Authors: Chew P. C. T. , Goh H. H. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFresh molar tissues obtained from seven patients were incubated in vitro with dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione. The testosterone concentration in molar tissue ranged from 5.4 ng/g wet weight to 43.8 ng/g wet weight. Both precursors were readily converted to testosterone indicating that 17‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are present in molar trophoblast. A 50 mg dose of dehydroepiandrosterone was infused into patients with hydatidiform mole before and after uterine evacuation. There was a testosterone peak preceding an oestrogen rise which disappeared after uterine evacuation. It is suggested that the elevated testosterone level in molar pregnancy is mainly due to the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone in the molar trophoblast.
STUDIES ON THE MATERNAL IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PLACENTAL ANTIGENS: ABSENCE OF A BLOCKING FACTOR FROM THE BLOOD OF ABORTION‐PRONE WOMEN
Authors: Stimson W. H. , Strachan A. F. , Shepherd A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe leucocyte migration‐inhibition assay was employed to assess the reactivity of cells from postpartum women to placental antigen preparations. Leucocytes from normal primigravidae responded to their own placental antigens and displayed a limited degree of cross‐reactivity with allogeneic preparations. Autologous plasma suppressed this antigen recognition and the factor responsible was shown to be an IgG antibody. Leucocytes from five women with spontaneous abortions also responded to autologous placental preparations but no immunosuppressive factor could be detected in their blood. It is suggested that target antigens for maternal lymphocytes are present on the placenta, a structure critical to the continuance of pregnancy, and that the presence of the blocking antibody is necessary for fetal well‐being.
PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL‐17β IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Badawy S.Z A. , Elliott L. J. , Elbadawi A. , Marshall L. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma oestrone and oestradiol levels of 34 postmenopausal women were studied and related to various of their other characteristics. The plasma oestrone and oestradiol‐17β levels (Mean±SE) were, respectively, 32.09±4.6 pg/ml and 13.9±3 1 pg/ml. There was a highly significant negative linear association between the years elapsed since the menopause and oestrone levels (P <0.001) and oestradiol levels (P <0.02). Both plasma oestrone and oestradiol levels were directly related to weight, but the relation was only significant for oestradiol. A significant positive correlation was found between vaginal bleeding and excess weight. The degree of oestrogenicity of the vaginal smear was directly related to the levels of oestrone (P<0.08) and oestradiol (P<0.005) and to the degree of endometrial hyperplasia (P<0.02).
OESTROGEN‐GONADOTROPHIN FEEDBACK ABNORMALITIES IN HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC AMENORRHOEA DEMONSTRATED BY THE RESPONSE TO CLOMIPHENE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Glass M. R. , Shaw R. W. , Butt W. R. , Logan Edwards R. , London D. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryClomiphene was administered to 16 patients with elevated serum prolactin levels in doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/day for five days in succeeding months and total urinary oestrogens estimated on days 0, 5, 8, 12 and 15 following commencement of treatment. The responses were compared with six patients who were amenorrhoeic but had normal serum prolactin levels and absent positive feedback to oestrogen. The increased outputs of oestrogens were similar in the two groups. In the hyper‐ prolactinaemic group 5 out of 16 subjects showed evidence of ovulation whilst the remainder showed a secondary failure of response. Six subjects who failed to ovulate were treated with clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and ovulations were induced in 31 out of 34 treatment cycles but no pregnancies were achieved. The responses to clomiphene therapy in the hyperprolactinaemic subjects were compared to the assessment of positive feedback mechanisms by means of oestrogen provocation and oestrogen amplification tests and good correlation was obtained. Only those with evidence of positive feedback to these tests were likely to ovulate on clomiphene.
DETECTION OF FETAL RISK IN POSTMATURITY
Authors: Homburg R. , Ludomirski A. , Insler V. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNinety‐seven postmature pregnancies were monitored by amnioscopy or amniocentesis (to determine presence or absence of meconium), oxytocin challenge tests (OCT), 24‐hour urinary oestriol estimations and fetal movement counts. The colour of the amniotic fluid and the result of the OCT predicted almost all cases of fetal distress in labour and infants with low Apgar scores. Oestriol estimations and fetal movement counts predicted fetal distress only when combined with other positive tests. Of 50 patients with no abnormal test results, 49 had uneventful labours. The Caesarean section rate was not above average and all babies were Iiveborn.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCES OF MATERNAL AGE, GESTATIONAL AGE, CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD, AND THE MODE OF PRIMARY TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HYDATIDIFORM MOLES ON THE INCIDENCE OF SUBSEQUENT CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Stone M. , Bagshawe K. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn relation to the total number of births in the United Kingdom there was an excess of hydatidiform moles arising in women over 34 years of age and possibly also under 15. The incidence of trophoblastic tumour requiring chemotherapy after hydatidiform mole was greatest in the 30 to 34 year age group and it was also high in the 20 to 24 year age group. This distribution appears to be influenced by the morphology of the moles, the mode of their removal and the use of oestrogens and progestogens in the post‐evacuation period. The need for chemotherapy for trophoblastic tumour after evacuation of a hydatidiform mole was found to be two‐ to three‐fold greater in patients who had undergone a medical induction, hysterectomy or hysterotomy compared with those whose hydatidiform moles had been evacuated by vacuum or surgical curettage, or who had aborted spontaneously. The increased risk of chemotherapy was most marked in the earlier weeks of gestation.
THE EFFECT OF AN lNJECTABLE PROGESTOGEN CONTRACEPTIVE ON BLOOD COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS
Authors: Whigham Kathryn A. E. , Howie P. W. , Mack Alison , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 26 women receiving either medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo‐Provera) injections or combined oestrogen‐progestogen pills for contraception, tests of coagulation and fibrinolysis were performed before treatment, and after 8, 16 and 24 weeks of therapy. In the medroxyprogesterone group no significant changes were induced in fibrinogen, the vitamin K‐dependent factors, or antithrombin III. Plasminogen levels fell during therapy, and were significantly lower than pre‐treatment values after 16 and 24 weeks. By contrast, the 13 women receiving oral contraceptives showed raised levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen after 8 weeks of treatment, and of factors VII and X after 24 weeks. These data suggest that medroxyprogesterone acetate injections induce fewer changes in the blood coagulation system than oral contraceptives.
FERTILITY IN WOMEN WITH TURNERS SYNDROME CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Nielsen J. , Sillesen Ingelise , Hansen K. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA successful pregnancy in a woman with Turner's syndrome with a 45, X/46,XX karyotype is described. The literature contains reports of a total of nine pregnancies in seven women with a 45,X karyotype and 56 pregnancies in 23 women with mosaicism and a 45,X cell line, as well as a 46,XX and/or 47,XXX cell line. Fifteen of the latter 56 pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion (27 per cent), and four ended in the delivery of a stillborn child; 12 of the 37 liveborn infants (32 per cent) had a physical or mental abnormality, and 8 (22 per cent) had a chromosome abnormality. Three had Down's syndrome, and five had a 45,X cell line. Due to the relatively high (8 per cent) incidence of Down's syndrome among liveborn infants of women with Turner's syndrome, amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping should be advised.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ULTRASOUND LOCATION OF PLACENTAL SITE IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Chapman M. G. , Furness E. T. , Jones W. R. , Sheat J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe placenta was located by routine ultrasound scanning before 24 weeks gestation in 615 consecutive obstetric patients. A ‘low lying’ placenta was present in 175 (28 per cent) of the total group; the incidence decreasing from 32 per cent at 16 weeks gestation to 18 per cent at 24 weeks. Of 94 women with an initial ‘low lying’ placenta who were selected for rescanning, only five had a placenta praevia persisting beyond the 34th week. Patients with an early ‘low lying’ placenta had a significantly higher incidence of small‐for‐dates babies than those in whom the placenta remained clear of the internal cervical os on ultrasound scanning.
AMNIOTIC FLUID SQUALENE AND FETAL MATURITY
Authors: Wysocki S. J. , Hähnel R. , Millward M. J. , Jenkins D. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryGas chromatographic profiles of neutral lipids in amniotic fluid pellets were analysed for 51 specimens collected from patients in the last two months of pregnancy. The most noticeable change was a large increase in squalene relative to other components in samples at term. By expressing data as a ratio of squalene to cholesterol (S/C), it was possible to accurately predict which amniotic fluid specimens came from patients whose pregnancies were of a gestation of 40 weeks or later. Highest values for S/C and for squalene were obtained for pregnancies which were several weeks overdue.
ENTAL INTERVILLOUS BLOOD FLOW MEASURED BY INHALED 133Xe CLEARANCE IN RELATION TO INDUCTION OF EPIDURAL ANALGESIA.
Authors: Husemeyer R.P. , Crawley J.C.W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method of determining placental intervillous blood flow (IBF) using an inhaled 133Xe technique is described. The method was used to investigate the effect on IBF of epidural analgesia with an initial dose of 37.5 mg bupivacaine. There was no statistically significant reduction in IBF following the initial dose of bupivacaine in spite of a small but statistically significant reduction in mean blood pressure. There was no significant correlation between the change in mean blood pressure and the percentage change in IBF following epidural block although the single largest percentage reduction in IBF was associated with the largest fall in mean blood pressure.
FETAL BREATHING PATTERNS IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Trudinger B. J. , Lewis P. J. , Pettit B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetal breathing movements were studied with real time ultrasound in 21 normal fetuses and 30 fetuses born small‐for‐dates (less than the 5th centile). The events of the study period were recorded on punched paper tape which was subjected to computer analysis. In the normal group the percentage time of breathing was 54±12.7 (meanSD). The breath to breath interval was 1.34±O.25 seconds and the coefficient of variation of this interval was 49.6±7.7 per cent. In 17 of the small‐for‐dates group amount of breathing was reduced with short breathing episodes and long apnoea intervals. In the other 13 patients in the small‐for‐dates group the coefficient of variation for the breath to breath interval was significantly reduced (39.6±7.9per cent, p < 0 01).
THE RELATION BETWEEN PREGNANCY SPECIFIC β1 GLYCOPROTEIN (SP1) LEVELS AND ABNORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Singh M. M. , Anthony F. , Wood P. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPregnancy specific β1 glycoprotein (SP1) levels were measured in 54 potentially diabetic patients in the third trimester of pregnancy using a laser nephelometric method. All patients were tested by the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. The results show that a significantly greater number of patients with abnormal glucose tolerance had SP1 levels above the mean compared with patients with normal glucose responses. All patients with a diabetic type response had SP1 levels above the mean. There was no significant difference in SP1 levels in the fasting and two‐hour plasma samples. The study suggests that patients with asymptomatic glucose intolerance in pregnancy have higher SP1 levels than patients with normal glucose tolerance. It is possible that one of the factors controlling the placental output of SP1 is the maternal blood glucose level.
DIFFERENCES IN ALBUMIN DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS BETWEEN TOXAEMIC AND NON‐TOXAEMIC PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Henshall W. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBy using least squares curve fitting techniques, double exponential curves were fitted to points representing the decay of plasma 131I‐albumin after blood volume estimation in 48 pregnant women. Data from the fitted curves provided estimates of the distribution of albumin between plasma and extravascular compartments, exchange between the two and rate of albumin catabolism. The lower total extracellular albumin mass of a group of 23 severely toxaemic patients was shown to arise solely from the difference in plasma albumin mass between this group and the remaining 25 patients. Comparison of these results with those in the literature suggests that pregnant women have a higher proportion of their exchangeable albumin mass in the plasma compartment and a higher rate of albumin catabolism than non‐pregnant women.
THE TREATMENT OF ADVANCED CYSTADENOCARCINOMA OF THE OVARY WITH GESTRONOL AND CONTINUOUS ORAL CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Authors: Guthrie D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifty‐four patients with advanced cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary were treated with gestronol (Depostat), 200 mg/week, by intramuscular injection and continuous oral cyclophosphamide, the dose of the latter being varied to maintain the patient's white cell count at about 1.5 X 109/1. A combined partial and complete remission rate of 76 per cent was obtained. The length of survival depended upon the type of remission and the type of remission was markedly affected by the amount of tumour removed at initial laparotomy.
THE ACCURACY OF RADIOLOGICAL ESTIMATES OF GESTATIONAL AGE USING EARLY FETAL CROWN‐RUMP LENGTH MEASUREMENTS BY ULTRASOUND AS A BASIS FOR COMPARISON
Authors: Robinson H. P. , Sweet Elizabeth M. , Adam A. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryRadiological estimates of gestational age in late pregnancy were compared with the gestational ages based on first trimester ultrasound crown‐rump length measurements in a series of 125 patients. It was found that the 95 per cent confidence limits of a radiological estimate were ± 3½ weeks, that both distal femoral and upper tibial epiphyses were frequently present much earlier than 36 and 38 weeks respectively, and that in almost half of the growth‐retarded babies in the series there was a bone‐age discrepancy of three or more weeks. It is recommended that more liberal use is made of early ultrasound measurements for the assessment of gestational age.
EFFECT OF VARYING AMOUNTS OF ETHINYL OESTRADIOL IN THE COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE ON PLASMA SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN CAPACITY IN NORMAL WOMEN
Authors: Pogmore J. R. , Jequier Anne M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity has been measured in 52 normal women, 11 women on various oral contraceptives containing 50 μg of ethinyl oestradiol and 11 women on oral contraceptives containing less than 35 μg of ethinyl oestradiol. The results show that women on oral contraceptives containing 50 μg of ethinyl oestradiol have a significantly raised SHBG capacity (p < 0·005) whereas those patients on oral contraceptives containing 35 μg or less of ethinyl oestradiol have SHBG capacities which do not differ significantly from normal ovulating women (p >005). Thus the 35 μg pill interferes less with bound/unbound sex steroid ratios than does the 50 μg pill.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH STAGE IA CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Iversen T. , Abeler V. , Kjbrstad K. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 122 patients with Stage Ia carcinoma of the cervix was followed for 5 to 25 years. Eight recurrences were found, four of which were located in the vagina, cervix or the bladder and four on the pelvic wall. Five of the recurrences were detected after 5 years of follow‐up. Tumour cells were found in blood vessels or lymphatic channels in eight patients and five of them developed metastases. It is proposed that only tumours with a depth of stromal invasion of less than 5 mm should be treated conservatively. If blood vessels or lymphatic channels contain tumour, we would recommend a Wertheim's hysterectomy or treatment by intracavitary and external irradiation.
THE EFFECTS OF MATERNALLY ADMINISTERED PETHIDINE OR EPIDURAL BUPIVACAINE ON THE FETUS AND NEWBORN
Authors: Lieberman B. A. , Rosenblatt Deborah B. , Belsey Elizabeth , Packer M. , Redshaw Margaret , Mills Margaret , Caldwell J. , Notarianni Lidia , Smith R. L. , Williams M. , Beard R. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe continuous fetal heart rate pattern, condition of the baby at birth and its subsequent behaviour were compared in three groups of infants whose mothers received during labour either no drugs, intramuscular pethidine or epidural bupivacaine. The blood levels of pethidine and bupivacaine were measured at delivery in a maternal vein, and umbilical artery and vein, and in the newborn during the first 48 hours of life. The only significant changes in the fetal heart rate pattern occurred in association with maternal hypotension or uterine hyper‐stimulation. The Apgar scores at one minutes were 7 or less in more infants in the intramuscular pethidine and epidural bupivacaine groups as compared with the controls. There were no differences in the Apgar scores at five minutes. Neonatal behaviour during the first six weeks of life was not significantly affected by pethidine or epidural bupivacaine when compared with the control group. Pethidine and bupivacaine were shown to cross the placenta freely. The half‐life of these drugs in the newborn was longer than in the adult.
FETAL BREATHING AND GENERALIZED FETAL MOVEMENTS IN NORMAL ANTENATAL PATIENTS
Authors: Nox Ritchie J. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFetal breathing movements (FBM) and generalized fetal movements (GFM) were recorded for 30 minutes using a real time B‐scan instrument in 46 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. FBM occurred for 27.6±3.5 (SE) per cent and GFM for 10.9±0.9 (SE) per cent of the recording time. The time occupied by FBM was not significantly related to smoking, meal times or plasma glucose concentrations. FBM were absent during the observation period in 15 per cent of patients and present for less than 10 per cent of the time in 33 per cent of patients.
INDOMETHACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA
Authors: Elder M. G. , Kapadia L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐two patients were treated with placebo tablets or indomethacin (25 mg three times daily) in a six‐month, double‐blind, cross‐over trial. During indomethacin therapy, 75 per cent of patients experienced significant pain relief while associated vomiting and diarrhoea were relieved in 44 per cent and 64 per cent of patients respectively. The efficacy of indomethacin was comparable to that of other prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.
THE EFFECT OF LAPAROSCOPIC STERILISATION BY DIATHERMY OR SILASTIC BANDS ON POST‐OPERATIVE PAIN, MENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS AND SEXUALITY
Authors: Lawson S. , Cole R. A. , Templeton A. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 530 patients was reviewed six months after laparoscopic sterilisation by diathermy (235 patients) or silastic bands (295 patients). In the immediate post‐operative period severe lower abdominal pain was more common in the patients who had silastic bands. There was one failure with diathermy and two with silastic bands. There were no differences in the nature or incidence of menstrual problems when the two methods were compared. In all, 40 per cent of patients reported an increase in menstrual blood loss and 26 per cent of patients an increase in menstrual pain, and this could not be attributed entirely to stopping oral contraception; 42 per cent of patients reported improvement in their sex lives after sterilisation, while 6.6 per cent reported deterioration mainly due to lack of libido. There was some regret about the operation in 5.1 per cent of patients.
THE TECHNIQUE OF FETAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY DURING LABOUR
Authors: Wilson Patricia C. , Levy L. F. , Spies Sally , Chadwicke J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method for recording the fetal electroencephalogram (EEG) during labour is described. Technical specifications for the construction of a suitable electrode are detailed. One hundred and twenty‐three patients in labour were monitored using this technique and the success rate of obtaining records for analysis was 91 per cent.
THE EFFECT OF FETAL HEAD COMPRESSION AND FETAL ACIDAEMIA DURING LABOUR ON HUMAN FETAL CEREBRAL FUNCTION AS MEASURED BY THE FETAL ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
Authors: Wilson Patricia C. , Philpott R. H. , Spies Sally , Ahmed Yasmin , Kadichza Mary 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe investigated the effect of head compression and acidaemia during labour in 25 African primigravidae. Evidence that head compression had occurred during labour was confirmed by both clinical and radiological means at the end of a trial of labour. No significant difference could be demonstrated in the quantity of fetal electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormality that occurred in the groups with marked head compression as compared to the groups without marked head compression. Deterioration in the fetal EEG to a flat record known as electro‐cerebral silence (ECS) was associated with the development of acidaemia. As fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations appeared the percentage of ECS in the fetal EEG record increased significantly (P <0.05), and likewise, as fetal acidaemia developed a highly significant increase in ECS in the fetal EEG was demonstrated (P <0 001). We concluded that in the management of trial of labour there was no significant deleterious change in the fetal EEG as a result of head compression, unless fetal acidaemia supervened. However, in the majority of these cases a significant increase in ECS to more than 20 per cent occurred in association with only moderate acidaemia (pH 7.25 to 7.30).
PROSTAGLANDINS IN UMBILICAL PLASMA AT ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Bibby J. G. , Brunt Jane D. , Hodgson Helena , Mitchell M. D. , Anderson Anne B. M. , Turnbull A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryProstaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13,14‐dihydro‐l5‐keto‐prostaglandin F (PGFM) have been measured in umbilical cord plasma obtained immediately after delivery by elective Caesarean section. Umbilical venous plasma levels of PGE were significantly greater than the corresponding arterial levels (p <0.02); there were no significant arterio‐venous differences for PGF or PGFM. In general, concentrations of PGFM exceeded those of PGE which in turn were greater than concentrations of PGF. Umbilical venous levels of PGE and both arterial and venous levels of PGF and PGFM were significantly greater after spontaneous labour with vaginal delivery than after elective Caesarean section.