bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of a Shortened Postoperative Mobilization Programme after Flexor Tendon Repair in Zone 2
Authors: ADOLFSSON L. , SÖDERBERG G. , LARSSON M. , KARLANDER L-E. 
Published: September 2005

The effects of a shortened post-operative mobilization programme following flexor tendon repair in zone 2 in the hand were examined in a prospective, randomized study. 91 digits in 82 patients were included in the study. All injured tendons were repaired within 24 hours and all patients were subjected to the same mobilization programme during the first 6 weeks using a passive flexionactive extension régime. After 6 weeks the patients were randomized into two groups; in group A full activity was allowed after 8 weeks while in group B unrestricted use of the injured hand was not allowed until 10 weeks after the tendon repair. Functional results were compared using the Louisville, Tsuge and Buck-Gramcko assessment systems. Grip-strength was measured 16 weeks after repair, subjective assessment of hand function was recorded on a visual analogue scale, and absence from work was registered. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding functional results, rupture rates, grip strength or subjective assessment, but absence from work was reduced by 2.1 weeks with the shorter mobilization programme. Using the described régime, full activity can be encouraged 8 weeks after flexor tendon repair in zone 2 of the hand without adverse effects on functional results or increased risk of rupture of the repair.
Pre-Operative Distraction Lengthening for Radial Longitudinal Deficiency
Authors: NANCHAHAL J. , TONKIN M. A. 
Published: September 2005

Patients treated for total radial aplasia have been reviewed. It was possible to re-align the carpus by radialization in five out of six limbs treated with pre-operative distraction, but in only one out of six treated without distraction. The average improvement in radial angulation in the non-distraction group was 19° and in the distraction group 38°. The average improvement in radial translation was 16 mm and 17 mm in the two groups respectively. Pre-operative distraction with the Kessler device permits re-alignment of the hand without skeletal resection or excessive tension on the radial neurovascular structures.
Constructive Paralysis of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve without External Compression
Authors: INOUE G. , SHIONOYA K. 
Published: September 2005

Four cases of constrictive neuropathy of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) in the absence of external compression are reported. All patients presented with a history of severe elbow pain with no apparent cause, followed by paralysis of the PIN. There were one or two well-localized constrictions on the PIN proximal to the arcade of Frohse where no obvious external compressive structure was observed. After epineurotomy with or without neurorrhaphy, three patients had a complete return of motor function within 1 year. The remaining patient required tendon transfer after resection of the abnormal segment of nerve.
A Prospective, Randomized Study with an Independent Observer Comparing Open Carpal Tunnel Release with Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: JACOBSEN M. B. , RAHME H. 
Published: September 2005

In order to define the role of two-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release, a prospective randomised study with an independent observer was performed to compare endoscopic and open surgery. Thirty-two hands in 29 patients, with symptoms, clinical signs and EMG changes consistent with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome were randomised to either endoscopic carpal tunnel release or open release. No significant difference in sick leave between the two groups could be found, being a mean of 17 days (range 0–31 days) with endoscopic surgery, and 19 days (range 0–42 days) with open conventional surgery. No differences in surgical results were found, but three patients in the endoscopic group suffered transient numbness on the radial side of the ring finger.
The Value of Wrist Arthroscopy
Authors: DE SMET L. , DAUWE D. , FORTEMS Y. , ZACHEE B. , FABRY G. 
Published: September 2005

In order to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic wrist arthroscopy we analyzed 129 arthroscopies with a follow-up of at least 6 months. Seventy-seven arthroscopies were performed for therapeutic purposes; 52 arthroscopies were diagnostic. There were diagnostic benefits in 55 arthroscopies (42.5%), therapeutic benefits in 29 arthroscopies (22.5%), combined diagnostic and therapeutic benefits in 39 (30%) and no benefits in six (5%). In 65 cases of the therapeutic group (with preoperative diagnosis) the authors found that the arthroscopy had been worthwhile. For the diagnostic group without a preoperative diagnosis, an arthroscopic diagnosis was made in 44 cases. Complications occurred in two patients: one tendon incision over a Kirschner wire in the therapeutic group and one superficial infection in the diagnostic group.
Dysfunctional Postures of the Hand as Part of a Conversion Reaction
Authors: HONING M. L. H. , KON M. 
Published: September 2005

A dysfunctional posture of the hand could be due to an anatomical disorder or a conversion reaction. A conversion reaction implies that an unconscious intrapsychic conflict is expressed in a physical dysfunction. Treatment of dysfunctional postures due to conversion reactions is often difficult, and case reports are used to outline management. The need for a multidisciplinary approach is stressed.
A New Technique for The Assessment of Wrist Movement using a Biaxial Flexible Electrogoniometer
Authors: RAWES M. L. , RICHARDSON J. B. , DIAS J. J. 
Published: September 2005

A new electrogoniometer technique is described for the measurement of wrist movements, including circumduction, with the results being displayed as figures. Clinical validation has been performed and the system found to be highly accurate and reliable. Applications of the technique are illustrated. It is suggested this technique should in the future be used to assess wrist movement in clinical and research applications.
An Unreported Cause of Rupture of the Extensor Pollicis Longus Tendon
Authors: CASSELL O. C. S. , VIDAL P. 
Published: September 2005

Avulsion fractures of the index metacarpal at the insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus are rare. We report such a fracture and the resulting complication of division of the extensor pollicus longus tendon, by the avulsed bony fragment. Careful clinical assessment and appropriate radiological examination is needed to diagnose this rare fracture and internal fixation is recommended.
Complete Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release in Long-Term Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: OKUTSU I. , HAMANAKA I. , TANABE T. , TAKATORI Y. , NINOMIYA S. 
Published: September 2005

The roof of the carpal tunnel (or canal) consists of the distal portion of the flexor retinaculum, the flexor retinaculum (or the transverse carpal ligament) and the proximal portion of the flexor retinaculum. We tried to determine which anatomical structures were relevant to complete endoscopic carpal tunnel decompression in long-term haemodialysis patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel pressure was measured using the continuous infusion technique before and after endoscopic release of the flexor retinaculum, distal portion of the flexor retinaculum and the proximal portion of the flexor retinaculum respectively in 257 hands. We concluded that release of the distal portion of the flexor retinaculum, in addition to the flexor retinaculum, is essential for complete carpal tunnel decompression in long-term haemodialysis patients.
Fractures of the Distal Radius and Scaphoid
Authors: OSKAM J. , DE GRAAF J. S. , KLASEN H. J. 
Published: September 2005

Simultaneous fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid is an uncommon wrist injury. During the period 1980 to 1993, 23 patients with a median age of 39 years were treated for this injury. The median follow-up period was 7 years. All scaphoid fractures were undisplaced and located in the waist or distal third. An extraarticular distal radial fracture was observed in 15 wrists. A below elbow cast including the thumb was applied in 18 wrists for a mean duration of 9 weeks, and operative treatment was used in only 5 patients. All scaphoid fractures healed without complications. During conservative treatment there were three redisplacements of distal radial fractures. The final functional results were good in 18, fair in four, and poor in one patient. Because complications occurred at the distal radius we have changed our conservative treatment policy from a below elbow cast including the thumb to a dorsal splint for 6 weeks.
Antimicrobial Treatment of Fish Tank Granuloma
Authors: LAING R. B. S. , FLEGG P. J. , WATT B. , LEEN C. L. S. 
Published: September 2005

Three patients with fish tank granuloma of the hand and forearm are reported. Each patient was treated with antimicrobial regimes which have rarely or never been previously used in this condition. Two patients responded well to treatment, one who received ciprofloxacin plus clarithromycin and another who was given clarithromycin plus ethambutol. The third patient received six different antimicrobial regimes before responding to a combination of rifabutin and ciprofloxacin. Our experience suggests that there now exist a number of effective alternatives to antimicrobials which have been traditionally used in the treatment of cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection.
Treatment of Scaphoid Nonunions with a Vascularized Bone Graft Based on the First Dorsal Metacarpal Artery
Authors: YUCETURK A. , ISIKLAR Z. U. , TUNCAY C. , TANDOGAN R. 
Published: September 2005

Four patients with chronic nonunion of the scaphoid were treated by a vascularized bone graft based on first dorsal metacarpal artery. The mean duration of the nonunion was 28.5 months (range 12–48 months). There was avascular necrosis in all patients confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). None of the patients had previous attempts at surgical reconstruction. Two fractures were localized at the waist one in the distal part and one at the proximal pole. Osseous union of the scaphoid was confirmed by X-ray in all patients in an average of 2.1 months. We recommend this technique for the treatment of established scaphoid pseudoarthrosis with avascular necrosis since it is associated with minimal morbidity and predictable good results.
Controlled Active Motion Following Primary Flexor Tendon Repair: A Prospective Study Over 9 Years
Authors: KITSIS C. K. , WADE P. J. F. , KRIKLER S. J. , PARSONS N. K. , NICHOLLS L. K. 
Published: September 2005

One hundred and thirty patients with 339 divided flexor tendons affecting 208 fingers were studied prospectively between 1988 and 1996, to assess a regime of primary flexor tendon suture and active postoperative motion, combined with a modified Kleinert dynamic traction splint. The tendon suture technique used was a high-strength multistrand technique using a modified Kessler core and a Halsted peripheral stitch. The results were influenced by the zone in which the tendon was divided, by the physiotherapy and to a lesser extent by the grade of surgeon operating. Overall results by Strickland criteria were 92% excellent or good, 7% fair and 1% poor. There were 43 complications in 31 patients including five zone 2 ruptures (5.7%) and one further rupture in zone 5. This method of flexor tendon repair requires good physiotherapy and splint-making capability but gives good results with minimal need for further surgery.
Immediate and Delayed Nerve Repair Using Freeze-Thawed Muscle Allografts
Authors: FULLARTON A. C. , GLASBY M. A. , LAWSON G. M. 
Published: September 2005

Six sheep underwent repair of the median nerve in the forearm using freeze-thawed muscle autografts, along with the establishment and repair of a “fracture” adjacent to the site of nerve injury. The “fracture” was created by making a transverse osteotomy of the radius. It was repaired using an 8-hole dynamic compression plate. A further six sheep underwent similar treatment with the repair of the nerve delayed for 30 days after the establishment of the long-bone injury. Six months after the nerve repair, each group of sheep was assessed using electrophysiological and morphometric methods in order to establish objective indices of nerve recovery and regeneration. It was found that delay of the nerve repair and the presence of a complicating long bone injury, both separately and additively, contributed to a poorer outcome in recovery of nerve function and maturation.
Changes in Muscle Cytoarchitecture after Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair
Authors: CARTER A-J. , KRISTMUNDSDOTTIR F. , GILMOUR J. , GLASBY M. A. 
Published: September 2005

The aim of this study was to assess the changes which occurred in the rat in target muscles after the injury and repair of a specific peripheral nerve, using several clinically-appropriate surgical techniques. There were alterations in the size, shape, morphology and cytochemical architecture of the fibres of the target muscles. These changes were marked when transection and repair of the nerve was compared with the less-severe crush injury. The method of repair did not correlate significantly with the occurrence of changes in muscle cytoarchitecture. The results suggest that the extent of cell loss and the changes in muscle fibre architecture were influenced by the type of injury, rather than by the method of repair.
Prices and Politics in Andean Water Reforms
Authors: Boelens Rutgerd , Zwarteveen Margreet 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWater rights are best understood as politically contested and culturally embedded relationships among different social actors. In the Andean region, existing rights of irrigators’ collectives often embody historical struggles over resources, rules, authorities and identities. This article argues, first, that the neo‐liberal language that is increasingly used in water policies is ill‐suited for recognizing and dealing with these social, cultural and political dimensions of water distribution. Local water rules and rights, their dynamics, and the way they are linked to power relations, local identities and contextualized constructions of legitimacy, remain invisible in neo‐liberal policy discourse. Second, this same discourse actively destroys these local rights systems and presents itself as the only viable cure to the problems it generates. The ways in which local irrigators’ collectives attempt to protect their water security raise questions about the fundaments and effects of neo‐liberal water reforms, but these questions are neglected or poorly understood. This article proposes a more situated, layered and contextualized approach to Andean water questions, not just to improve representational accuracy but also to increase political visibility and legitimacy of peasant and indigenous water claims. What is needed is not just a new ‘typology’ or ‘taxonomy’ of water rights, but an alternative ‘water rights ontology’ that understands locally existing norms and water control practices, and the power relations that inform and surround them, as deeply constitutive of water rights.
What limits the altitudinal distribution of Craspedolepta species (Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) on fireweed?
Authors: Bird Jeremy M. , Hodkinson Ian D. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract.  1. Craspedolepta nebulosa and C. subpunctata were studied on their shared host plant Epilobium angustifolium along an altitudinal transect in the Hardangervidda area of southern Norway.2. The following was investigated: whether (a) the altitudinal distribution and abundance of each psyllid species was determined by summer heat budgets, acting directly on rates of insect development and/or through their host plant and (b) whether parasitism, predation, and interspecific competition played any role in restricting the distribution of the two species.3. Craspedolepta nebulosa extended to higher elevations than C. subpunctata but within their ranges neither species showed a clear altitudinal trend in abundance per plant. However, the former species grew to a smaller size with increasing elevation.4. There was little evidence for interspecific competitive effects and observed levels of parasitism and predation were negligible across the transect.5. Development and distribution of both species mirrored significant differences in the phenology, size, leaf number, and reproductive output of E. angustifolium with increasing altitude.6. Distributions were related to available heat budgets acting on psyllid/plant development rates, with C. nebulosa developing more efficiently at lower heat availability.7. Population transplant experiments supported the overall conclusions, with neither psyllid species able to establish viable populations above their current upper altitudinal range limit, despite the presence of their host plant.
‘Scirrhous’ type hepatocellular carcinomas: a special reference to expression of cytokeratin 7 and hepatocyte paraffin 1
Authors: Matsuura S , Aishima S , Taguchi K , Asayama Y , Terashi T , Honda H , Tsuneyoshi M 
Published: September 2005

Aims : ‘Scirrhous’ hepatocellular carcinoma (scirrhous HCC) is extremely rare and its characteristics remain unclear. We investigated the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of scirrhous HCC, compared with those of ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma (ordinary HCC).Methods and results : We compared the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 20 resected cases of scirrhous HCC with those of 69 resected cases of ordinary HCC. Scirrhous HCC was characterized by its gross and histological findings, such as a higher proportion of contiguous multinodular type tumours, the absence of a complete fibrous capsule around the tumour, the absence of tumour necrosis and highly preserved portal tracts in the tumour. The immunohistochemical results revealed a significantly higher expression of cytokeratin 7 and a significantly lower expression of hepatocyte paraffin 1 in scirrhous HCC than in ordinary HCC (P < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant differences in proliferative activity and survival curves between the patients with scirrhous HCC and those with ordinary HCC.Conclusion : Scirrhous HCC has several particular gross, histological and immunohistochemical features. In particular, we would like to emphasize the greater immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 7 and lower expression of hepatocyte paraffin 1 in scirrhous HCC than in ordinary HCC.
T‐bet expression patterns in coeliac disease, cryptic and overt enteropathy‐type T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Jöhrens K , Anagnostopoulos I , Stein H 
Published: September 2005

Aims : To clarify the distribution and lineage allocation of T‐bet‐expressing cells in coeliac disease (CD) and in enteropathy‐type T‐cell lymphoma (ETTCL). The detection of elevated levels of interferon‐gamma, interleukin‐18 and the key regulator of Th1 helper immune response T‐bet in CD biopsies led to the view that CD is the result of a Th1 response to gluten. It remains unknown whether T‐bet is expressed in cryptic and overt ETTCL.Methods : Specimens from 20 patients with CD, five patients with cryptic and 10 patients with overt ETTCL were analysed by immunohistology employing single and double labellings for T‐bet and CD4 or CD8 antigens.Results : In CD specimens nearly all intraepithelial CD8 cells and many CD4 cells in the lamina propria expressed T‐bet. Cryptic ETTCL showed T‐bet expression in the intraepithelial neoplastic cells while T‐bet+ CD4 cells in the lamina propria were rare. Overt ETTCL showed T‐bet expression in cases with non‐anaplastic morphology. In addition, a proportion of bystander T cells expressed T‐bet.Conclusions : Morphological evidence proves that while T‐bet orchestrates a CD4‐ and CD8‐based Th1 reaction in CD, its expression shifts to the neoplastic intraepithelial compartment of cryptic ETTCL and becomes absent or lost in anaplastic overt ETTCL.
Aedes aegypti phosphohexomutases and uridine diphosphate‐hexose pyrophosphorylases: comparison of primary sequences, substrate specificities and temporal transcription
Authors: Kato N. , Mueller C. R. , Wessely V. , Lan Q. , Christensen B. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPhosphohexomutases reversibly catalyse the transfer of the phosphate group of a glycosyl phosphate between the C6 and C1 positions, and uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐hexose pyrophosphorylases catalyse the synthesis of UDP‐hexose from uridine triphosphate (UTP) and hexose‐1‐phosphate. Both enzyme families are essential for nucleoside diphosphate hexose biosynthesis and are therefore critical for various physiological functions in the midgut of mosquitoes after a blood meal. We cloned and sequenced three phosphohexomutase and two UDP‐hexose pyrophosphorylase cDNAs from Aedes aegypti. The products of the cDNAs were expressed and substrate specificities were examined. Herein we describe Ae. aegypti phosphoglucomutase 1, phosphoglucomutase 2, phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase, UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase, and UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase. Transcripts of the genes expressing the enzymes are constitutively present in all life stages and blood‐feeding does not seem to influence transcript abundance.
The behavioural phenotype of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Horsler K. , Oliver C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground  The purpose of this review is to examine the notion of a behavioural phenotype for Angelman syndrome and identify methodological and conceptual influences on the accepted presentation.Methods  Studies examining the behavioural characteristics associated with Angelman syndrome are reviewed and methodology is described.Results  Potential bias in the description of the phenotype emerges with the use of case and cohort studies with the absence of comparison groups. A trend in the literature from a direct gene effect to a socially mediated effect on laughter is evident.Conclusion  Evidence for a behavioural phenotype of Angelman syndrome has begun to emerge. However, by adopting the concept of a ‘behavioural phenotype’, attention may become biased towards the underlying biological basis of the syndrome, with developmental and environmental factors being overlooked.
A language programme to increase the verbal production of a child dually diagnosed with Down syndrome and autism
Authors: Kroeger K. A. , Nelson W. M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground  The incidence of children dually diagnosed with Down syndrome and autism is estimated to be as high as 11%. There is a paucity of research investigating linguistic treatment interventions for such children. This single‐subject experiment examined a programme designed to increase the language production and verbal behaviour of a 9‐year‐old dually diagnosed boy who had been receiving a 15‐h/week home‐based applied behaviour analysis (ABA) programme.Methods  Training principles were derived from previously empirically validated research in discrete trail learning and natural environment teaching, as well as modified incidental teaching procedures. The crux of the language programme involved withholding reinforcement until a spoken request was made.Results  Language production noticeably increased for each target area after the introduction of the language programme and was maintained at a 9‐month follow‐up session.Conclusions  A combined treatment approach incorporating direct instruction, natural environment teaching and incidental teaching can be effective in increasing and maintaining responsive and spontaneous speech in a child with Down syndrome diagnosed with autism. Replication studies are needed with such multiple dually diagnosed children to further evaluate the effectiveness and generalizability of this combined language programme.