bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A streamlined Emergency Department approach to moderate risk chest pain in patients with no pre‐existing coronary artery disease: A pilot study
Authors: Jones Christopher L , Gallagher Robyn , Quinn Paddy , Lan Nick S R , Thomas David‐Raj , Wood Christopher , Lau Christopher , Chow Weng Man Sofia , Raju Vikram , Rankin James M , Ihdayhid Abdul Rahman , Arendts Glenn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveModerate risk patients with chest pain and no previously diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) who present to ED require further risk stratification. We hypothesise that management of these patients by ED physicians can decrease length of stay (LOS), without increasing patient harm.MethodsA prospective pilot study with comparison to a pre‐intervention control group was performed on patients presenting with chest pain to an ED in Perth, Australia between May and October 2021, following the introduction of a streamlined guideline consisting of ED led decision making and early follow up. Patients had no documented CAD and were at moderate risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Electronic data was used for comparison. Primary outcomes were total LOS and LOS following troponin.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐six patients were included. Median total LOS was reduced by 62 min, but this change was not statistically significant (482 [360–795] vs 420 [360–525] min, P = 0.06). However, a significant 60 min decrease in LOS was found following the final troponin (240 (120–571) vs 180 (135–270) min, P = 0.02). There was no difference in the rate of MACE (0% vs 2%, P = 0.50), with no myocardial infarction or death.ConclusionsOur study suggests that patients with no pre‐existing CAD can be safely managed by emergency physicians streamlining their ED management and decreasing LOS. This pathway could be used in other centres following confirmation of the results by a larger study.
A deceased doctor healing the living in the enchanted world of the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Greenfield Sidney M. , Cavalcante Antônio Mourão 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe theme of this paper is that people in Northeast Brazil refuse to let a good person who helped them during his (or her) lifetime die. They do this through several of the religious traditions practiced in the region. Beings, human and other, now in another plane of reality established in modern thinking, cross the conceptual divide and return through mediums or other intermediaries to heal the living. We examine two religious traditions, “folk” or “popular” Catholicism and Kardecist‐Spiritism, focusing on the spirit of Argeu Hebster, a medical doctor who lived in the municipality of Marangaupe in the state of Ceará until his death in 1977. The return of the doctor is told in stories told to the authors while doing ethnography that provide the data used in analyzing the enchanted worlds of the two religions.
Vacancy as Precarious Property in Dublin's Temporary Urbanism Moment
Authors: O'Callaghan Cian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper makes a case for viewing vacancy as “precarious property” (Blomley 2020; Antipode 52[1]:36–57), i.e. less a material object defined by absence of use than the property relation (understood as a bundle of social, economic, legal, and political relationships) put under strain by the visibility of non‐use. Focusing on Dublin's temporary urbanism moment (2008–2017), the paper has two aims. Firstly, it gives a critical account of this recent urban history of experimentation, documenting how the possibilities of the period following the crash were (fore)closed through governmental interventions. Secondly, the empirical case is used to make a wider conceptual argument about the conjunctural role that vacancy plays in urbanisation and urban politics, developing three main arguments: that vacancy is a vulnerable axis within the ownership model of property; that claims to vacancy are articulated in conjunctural and contextual ways; and that vacancy epitomises the dual nature of precarity.
Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and prevention of COVID‐19 severity in pregnant and postpartum women: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: González Raquel , Goncé Anna , Gil Mª. del Mar , Mazarico Edurne , Ferriols‐Pérez Elena , Toro Paloma , Llurba Elisa , Saéz Elisa , Rodríguez‐Zambrano Miguel Ángel , García‐Otero Laura , López Marta , Santacruz Belén , Román Mª. Ángeles , Payà Antoni , Alonso Sofia , Cruz‐Lemini Mónica , Pons‐Duran Clara , Herrera Luis Bernardo , Chen Haily , Bardají Azucena , Quintó Llorenç , Menendez Clara ,   the COVID‐Preg research group
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women have an increased risk of severe COVID‐19. Evaluation of drugs with a safety reproductive toxicity profile is a priority. At the beginning of the pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was recommended for COVID‐19 treatment.Material and methodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted in eight teaching hospitals in Spain to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HCQ in reducing viral shedding and preventing COVID‐19 progression. Pregnant and postpartum women with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR (with or without mild COVID‐19 signs/symptoms) and a normal electrocardiogram were randomized to receive either HCQ orally (400 mg/day for 3 days and 200 mg/day for 11 days) or placebo. PCR and electrocardiogram were repeated at day 21 after treatment start. Enrollment was stopped before reaching the target sample due to low recruitment rate. Trial registration EudraCT #: 2020‐001587‐29, on April 2, 2020. Clinical trials.gov # NCT04410562, registered on June 1, 2020.ResultsA total of 116 women (75 pregnant and 41 post‐partum) were enrolled from May 2020 to June 2021. The proportion of women with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR at day 21 was lower in the HCQ group (21.8%, 12/55) than in the placebo group (31.6%, 18/57), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.499). No differences were observed in COVID‐19 progression, adverse events, median change in QTc, hospital admissions, preeclampsia or poor pregnancy and perinatal outcomes between groups.ConclusionsHCQ was found to be safe in pregnant and postpartum women with asymptomatic or mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Although the prevalence of infection was decreased in the HCQ group, the statistical power was insufficient to confirm the potential beneficial effect of HCQ for COVID‐19 treatment.
The effectiveness of taught, self‐help mindfulness‐based interventions on Chinese adolescents' well‐being, mental health, prosocial and difficult behavior, and coping strategy
Authors: Zhou Wanying , McLellan Ros 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite China's enduring historical connection with mindfulness and the growing recognition of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) in Western education, mindfulness remains relatively underexplored in the Chinese education system. This study addresses the scarcity of resources and certified instructors in China by assessing the effectiveness of MBIs in both taught and self‐help forms in improving well‐being and prosocial behavior and regulating negative emotions and behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The analysis included 362 Chinese students (mean age = 13.03, SD = 0.50, 47.5% girls) from 12 classes, assigned to the taught MBI group (N = 129, post), self‐help MBI group (N = 116, post), or control group (N = 117, post). Paired‐sample t‐tests and multi‐level modeling were used, accounting for data nesting and incorporating gender, whether students live in school, and age as covariates. Results revealed a significantly greater improvement in well‐being in the taught group compared with the control, with both MBI groups demonstrating increased prosocial behavior. While the taught group showed a significant decrease in loneliness, it was accompanied by an increase in internalizing problems. Coping strategies varied across the groups, with no significant changes in depression, anxiety, and stress levels. These findings imply the potential value of integrating MBIs into the Chinese educational system, especially given the self‐help approach's favorable outcomes.
The ‘PD Warrior’ exercise programme improves motor outcomes and quality of life in patients with early Parkinson disease: results of a pilot study
Authors: Tucak Claire , Chih HuiJun , Mastaglia Frank , Rodrigues Julian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground‘PD Warrior’ (PDW) is a popular exercise programme for Parkinson disease; however, there are no published studies on the outcomes of the programme.AimsTo investigate short‐term functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes after the PDW 10‐week programme in a pilot study of individuals with early Parkinson Disease (PD).MethodsTwenty individuals with PD (Hoehn & Yahr 1–3) attending a hospital outpatient clinic were recruited into the PDW 10‐week programme, comprising a weekly 1‐h supervised class complemented by an individualised daily home exercise programme. Participants had the following assessments at baseline and after completion of the programme: Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part III, timed up‐and‐go (TUG), 10‐m walk test (10mWT), 6‐min walking test (6MWT), balance tests, fine motor skills, 7‐day Parkinson KinetiGraph (PKG) and PDQ‐39 QoL scale.ResultsSeventeen individuals completed the programme. Significant improvements were observed in MDS‐UPDRS motor score (P = 0.019, d = 0.68, MCID 7); 6MWT distance (P < 0.001, d = 1.16); walking time during motor or cognitive dual tasking (P = 0.006, d = 0.77; P = 0.005, d = 0.79, respectively); and the PDQ‐39 emotional well‐being subdomain (P = 0.009; MCID 4.2); as well as improvements trending to significance in bradykinesia (P = 0.025, d = 0.73), 10mWT walking time (P = 0.023, d = 0.61) and borderline improvement in balance (P = 0.056, d = 0.50).ConclusionsThe outcomes of this study support the efficacy of the PDW programme in individuals with early PD and provide justification for future trials and investigation of its effects.
‘What if I'm no longer around?’: An evaluative description of a structured group conversation about the care for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities when they outlive their parents
Authors: Kruithof Kasper , Olsman Erik , Willems Dick , Volkers Karin , Kleijwegt Bas , Nieuwenhuijse Appolonia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPersons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) increasingly outlive their parents. Therefore, we designed a structured group conversation to support family members and care professionals in exploring together how parental roles may be taken over by others when necessary.MethodWe conducted a mixed methods study, with a focus on the qualitative data, to describe and evaluate three group conversations.ResultsFamily members (n = 22) of persons with PIMD who live in residential care facilities and care professionals (n = 9) evaluated the structured group conversation as valuable. While both parties reported that the group conversation (re)sparked their attention for the topic, mostly family members planned to take concrete action as a result of it.ConclusionsThe group conversation encourages parents to communicate explicitly about the future care for their child with PIMD, and offers both family members and care professionals support in exploring this future care together.
Astragalus polysaccharide promotes the regeneration of intestinal stem cells through HIF‐1 signalling pathway
Authors: Ding Qianqian , Zu Xianpeng , Chen Wei , Xin Jiayun , Xu Xike , Lv Yanhui , Wei Xintong , Wang Jie , Wei Yanping , Li Zhanhong , Cai Jianming , Du Jicong , Zhang Weidong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR)‐induced intestinal injury is usually accompanied by high lethality. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are critical and responsible for the regeneration of the damaged intestine. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the main active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus (AM), has a variety of biological functions. This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of APS on IR‐induced intestine injury via promoting the regeneration of ISCs. We have established models of IR‐induced intestinal injury and our results showed that APS played great radioprotective effects on the intestine. APS improved the survival rate of irradiated mice, reversed the radiation damage of intestinal tissue, increased the survival rate of intestinal crypts, the number of ISCs and the expression of intestinal tight junction‐related proteins after IR. Moreover, APS promoted the cell viability while inhibited the apoptosis of MODE‐K. Through organoid experiments, we found that APS promoted the regeneration of ISCs. Remarkably, the results of network pharmacology, RNA sequencing and RT‐PCR assays showed that APS significantly upregulated the HIF‐1 signalling pathway, and HIF‐1 inhibitor destroyed the radioprotection of APS. Our findings suggested that APS promotes the regeneration of ISCs through HIF‐1 signalling pathway, and it may be an effective radioprotective agent for IR‐induced intestinal injury.
The EU's Response to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Invoking Norms and Values in Times of Fundamental Rupture
Authors: Bosse Giselle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe European Union's response to the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has been widely perceived as unprecedented. This article examines how this could be, considering the long track record of disagreement amongst EU member states over foreign policy vis‐à‐vis Russia. It is argued that whilst the Russian invasion had a decisive impact on member states' security threat perceptions, realist explanations of the EU's forceful response encounter limitations: Germany and France, the EU's most influential powers, were not the drivers of the EU's joint actions during the first months following the invasion, as they struggled to redefine their national security interests. Against this background, this article takes a different perspective. It asks in what kind of intersubjective context the EU's initial response became meaningful and rational, allowing for agreement to emerge amongst the member states on a set of unprecedented measures. This article proposes a theoretical approach that takes into account the role of norms, rationalities and speech acts in a changing context and of social interaction therein. It is demonstrated that, given the dramatic rupture following the invasion, the EU's response in 2022 was embedded in, and structured by, a priori understandings and justifications generated by the EU in response to Russia's war against Ukraine starting in 2014, including normative considerations.
Detecting adolescent depression through passive monitoring of linguistic markers in smartphone communication
Authors: Funkhouser Carter J. , Trivedi Esha , Li Lilian Y. , Helgren Fiona , Zhang Emily , Sritharan Aishwarya , Cherner Rachel A. , Pagliaccio David , Durham Katherine , Kyler Mia , Tse Trinity C. , Buchanan Savannah N. , Allen Nicholas B. , Shankman Stewart A. , Auerbach Randy P. 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCross sectional studies have identified linguistic correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) in smartphone communication. However, it is unclear whether monitoring these linguistic characteristics can detect when an individual is experiencing MDD, which would facilitate timely intervention.MethodsApproximately 1.2 million messages typed into smartphone social communication apps (e.g. texting, social media) were passively collected from 90 adolescents with a range of depression severity over a 12‐month period. Sentiment (i.e. positive vs. negative valence of text), proportions of first‐person singular pronouns (e.g. ‘I'), and proportions of absolutist words (e.g. ‘all’) were computed for each message and converted to weekly aggregates temporally aligned with weekly MDD statuses obtained from retrospective interviews. Idiographic, multilevel logistic regression models tested whether within‐person deviations in these linguistic features were associated with the probability of concurrently meeting threshold for MDD.ResultsUsing more first‐person singular pronouns in smartphone communication relative to one's own average was associated with higher odds of meeting threshold for MDD in the concurrent week (OR = 1.29; p = .007). Sentiment (OR = 1.07; p = .54) and use of absolutist words (OR = 0.99; p = .90) were not related to weekly MDD.ConclusionsPassively monitoring use of first‐person singular pronouns in adolescents' smartphone communication may help detect MDD, providing novel opportunities for early intervention.
Not screens but their context of use impact cognitive development: a commentary on Yang et al. (2023)
Authors: Bediou Benoit , Cekic Sezen , Bavelier Daphné 
Published: December 2023

There have been extensive debates about the impact of the digital transformation on human development. A recent study by Yang and colleagues highlights the importance of considering context of use, beyond amount of use. In their study, children from parents who reported having TV‐on during family meals when they were 2 years old showed poorer cognitive development at age 3.5 as compared to those with TV‐off during family meals. This highlights the importance of considering the context of use when studying effect of screen use. While Yang et al. discuss the distracting effects of TV‐on sensory processing, we propose an alternative – and not mutually exclusive – interpretation based on TV induced deprivation of family interactions. On a more practical note, this should encourage to preserve screen‐free time, especially during structured time such as family meals, in order to maintain family interactions known to be critical to development.
Structure‐preserving fixation allows scanning electron microscopy to reveal biofilm microstructure and interactions with immune cells
Authors: Wells Marilyn , Mikesh Michelle , Gordon Vernita 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that forms robust biofilms which are commonly associated with chronic infections and cannot be successfully cleared by the immune system. Neutrophils, the most common white blood cells, target infections with pathogen‐killing mechanisms that are rendered largely ineffective by the protective physicochemical structure of a biofilm. Visualisation of the complex interactions between immune cells and biofilms will advance understanding of how biofilms evade the immune system and could aid in developing treatment methods that promote immune clearance with minimal harm to the host. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) distinguishes itself as a powerful, high‐resolution tool for obtaining strikingly clear and detailed topographical images. However, taking full advantage of SEM's potential for high‐resolution imaging requires that the fixation process simultaneously preserve both intricate biofilm architecture and the morphologies and structural signatures characterising neutrophils responses at an infection site. Standard aldehyde‐based fixation techniques result in significant loss of biofilm matrix material and morphologies of responding immune cells, thereby obscuring the details of immune interactions with the biofilm matrix. Here we show an improved fixation technique using the cationic dye alcian blue to preserve and visualise neutrophil interactions with the three‐dimensional architecture of P. aeruginosa biofilms. We also demonstrate that this technique better preserves structures of biofilms grown from two other bacterial species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Burkholderia thailandensis.
Association between schizophrenia and psoriasis: A two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ou Yanting , Qi Xiaoyi , Zhang Yihan , Liu Dandan , Luo Lin , Wu Mengfan , Xu Xiangwen , Cui Yongyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have showed an association between schizophrenia and risk of psoriasis and vice versa. However, whether schizophrenia is causally associated with psoriasis is unclear.MethodsA two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed with publicly available genome‐wide association study data including schizophrenia (n = 77 096) and psoriasis (n = 462 933). The inverse‐variance weighted method was performed as the main analysis, with a complementary with the other two analyses: MR‐Egger and weighted median method. A series of sensitivity analyses were also conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results.ResultsMR analyses indicated that genetically predicted schizophrenia was significantly associated with an increased risk of psoriasis [OR: 1.001, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000–1.002, p = 0.012]. However, no causal effect of genetically predicted psoriasis on schizophrenia (OR: 0.221, 95% CI: 0.029–1.682, p = 0.145) was detected. No pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected in sensitivity analysis (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur study provides genetic evidence for the causal association between schizophrenia and psoriasis.
People get ready! A new generation of Alzheimer's therapies may require new ways to deliver and pay for healthcare
Authors: Wahlberg Karin , Winblad Bengt , Cole Amanda , Herring William L. , Ramsberg Joakim , Torontali Ilona , Visser Pieter‐Jelle , Wimo Anders , Wollaert Lieve , Jönsson Linus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has progressed over the last decade, and the first‐ever therapies with potential to slow the progression of disease are approved in the United States. AD DMTs could provide life‐changing opportunities for people living with this disease, as well as for their caregivers. They could also ease some of the immense societal and economic burden of dementia. However, AD DMTs also come with major challenges due to the large unmet medical need, high prevalence of AD, new costs related to diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, and uncertainty in the therapies’ actual clinical value. This perspective article discusses, from the broad perspective of various health systems and stakeholders, how we can overcome these challenges and improve society's readiness for AD DMTs. We propose that innovative payment models such as performance‐based payments, in combination with learning healthcare systems, could be the way forward to enable timely patient access to treatments, improve accuracy of cost‐effectiveness evaluations and overcome budgetary barriers. Other important considerations include the need for identification of key drivers of patient value, the relevance of different economic perspectives (i.e. healthcare vs. societal) and ethical questions in terms of treatment eligibility criteria.
Utilization of an Educational Liaison for Coordinated Care Between the Medical Home and School‐Based Professionals for Students with Chronic Pain
Authors: Frye William S. , Swan Kimberly , Gardner Lauren M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPediatric programs focused on treating chronic pain often do not include an educational liaison (EL) to coordinate services between the patient's medical home and school. As chronic pain in youth can have deleterious effects on school functioning, collaboration between the medical home and the school system are needed to assure these students receive appropriate accommodations.CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEORYThis manuscript describes a model of coordinated care for students with chronic pain that includes a systemic strategy for collaborative care across settings. Specifically, the role of an EL is described in the context of advocating for the patient to receive appropriate educational accommodations.CONCLUSIONSThis paper provides a guide for caregivers and professionals to assure appropriate access to support services across settings. Recommendations are included for school accommodations and services to improve academic functioning and outcomes for students with chronic pain.