bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Association Between Angiographically Defined Coronary Artery Disease and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Malthaner Scott C. , Moore Scott , Mills Michael , Saad Robert , Sabatini Robert , Takacs Vincent , McMahan C. Alex , Oates Thomas W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The association between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been investigated in numerous studies with inconsistent results. Resolving these differences is complicated by the use of varying definitions of CAD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between angiographically‐defined CAD and periodontal disease.Methods: Non‐smoking, non‐diabetic patients, over 40 years of age, with no history of a myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months and who had undergone cardiac catheterization within the previous 12 months were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified as having CAD (CAD+) if they had 50% stenosis in at least one major epicardial artery and classified as CAD negative (CAD–) if they had <50% stenosis in all identified arteries. Periodontal disease severity was measured through bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession, number of missing teeth, and radiographic bone loss.Results: One hundred (53 = CAD+; 47 = CAD–) patients were examined. CAD+ patients were more likely to be male (CAD+ 83.0% male; CAD– 40.4% male; P = 0.001), and were older (CAD+ 65.3 years; CAD– 60.8 years; P = 0.0138). Although all patients reported they were currently non‐smokers and had not smoked for at least 5 years, the fraction who were former smokers was greater for CAD+ patients (66% versus 24.4%; P = 0.0001) and mean pack/year history of smoking was higher for CAD+ patients (15.8 versus 4.5; P = 0.0003). Mean CAL (3.13 mm versus 2.78 mm; P = 0.0227), number of sites with CAL ≥6 mm (6.85 versus 3.32; P = 0.0242), radiographic bone loss (3.60 mm versus 3.18 mm; P = 0.0142) were greater for CAD+ patients than for CAD– patients. However, after adjustment for age and previous smoking history, factors common to both diseases, the associations of CAD and periodontal disease were reduced and were not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR]: mean CAL OR = 1.06; number of sites with CAL ≥6 mm OR = 1.03; mean radiographic bone loss OR = 1.31; P ≥0.2055).Conclusions: After accounting for factors common to both periodontal disease and CAD, there was no significant association between periodontal disease and chronic CAD as assessed angiographically. Further investigations into the relationship between periodontal disease and CAD should clearly separate chronic CAD and acute coronary events. J Periodontol 2002;73:1169‐1176.
Relationship Between Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women and the Nutritional Condition of Their Newborns
Authors: Romero Belkys C. , Chiquito Claudio S. , Elejalde Luis E. , Bernardoni Cecilia B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal periodontal disease (PD) could be associated with the nutritional condition of newborns.Methods: After controlling for traditional risk factors for premature childbirth and low birth weight, 69 mothers were selected: 13 were periodontally healthy and 56 had varying stages of PD. They and their newborns formed the study population. PD presence and severity were clinically determined using Russell's periodontal index. The nutritional evaluation of the newborns was determined by Lubchenco's modified growth patterns.Results: A decrease in the average newborn's weight and gestational age was observed as the mother's level of PD increased. Correlation analysis demonstrated a highly significant clinical relationship between more severe PD and lower birth weight (r = –0.49; P <0.01); a highly significant relationship was also clinically demonstrated between increasing PD severity and decreasing gestational age of the newborn babies (r = –0.59; P <0.01). There were significant differences in the weight and gestational age of the newborns of mothers with PD.Conclusions: These data suggest that PD in pregnant women could be a clinically significant risk factor for preterm deliveries and low birth weight. There was considerable variability in the results, and these preliminary findings need to be confirmed in larger studies. J Periodontol 2002;73:1177‐1183.
Maximal Bite Force in Patients With Reduced Periodontal Tissue Support With and Without Splinting
Authors: Kleinfelder Jörg W. , Ludwig Klaus 
Published: February 2005

Background: Chewing and biting forces are supposed to be limited by sensory input from periodontal mechanoreceptors. This is why the threshold level of those receptors should be lower in teeth with reduced periodontal tissue support. The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the influence of reduced periodontal tissue support on maximal bite force in natural dentitions and to study the effect of splinting on maximal bite force.Methods: In 10 patients with reduced periodontal tissue support (test), as well as in 10 periodontally healthy subjects (control), maximal bite force was measured. The remaining periodontal ligament area in the test group was calculated from x‐rays. Bite force was assessed at 4 mm mouth opening in the premolar region without and following splinting of the posterior teeth and transduced using a strain‐gauge (full‐bridge circuit). Maximal bite force measured with and without splinting was compared between test and control subjects, and within each group.Results: In test subjects, the mean periodontal ligament area was 48.5% (SD = 10.1) across first premolars and 50.0% (SD = 12.2) across posterior teeth (control: 100%). In test subjects, the mean maximal bite force without splinting was 357 N (SD = 70), and in control subjects, 378 N (SD = 66; P >0.05). After splinting, the bite force in test subjects was 509 N (SD = 75), and in control subjects, 534 N (SD = 49; P >0.05). Bite force before and after splinting was P <0.05 within each group.Conclusions: Reduced periodontal tissue support does not seem to limit bite force with maximal strength in natural dentitions as measured by a device that opens the bite by 4 mm. Furthermore, maximal biting forces at 4 mm mouth opening are increased when molar teeth are included in a posterior splint. J Periodontol 2002;73:1184‐1187.
Clinical Application of Spiral Tomography in Anterior Implant Placement: Case Report
Authors: Dixon Douglas R. , Morgan Rudolf , Hollender Lars G. , Roberts Frank A. , O'Neal Robert B. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Placement of endosseous dental implants in edentulous areas of the anterior maxilla poses a unique challenge due to variations in the amount of residual alveolar bone. Implant position becomes crucial in cases demanding high esthetic results but possessing minimal ridge width or in cases requiring augmentation. Recent advances in spiral tomography have allowed for more precise planning and placement of endosseous implants in these challenging areas.Methods: The purpose of this report is to describe a series of clinical cases in which spiral tomography was utilized in the planning and placement of endosseous dental implants. Two cases will be described utilizing initial spiral tomographic radiographs for implant planning and surgical guide fabrication, followed by post‐insertion tomography to evaluate the results of implant position and inclination.Results: Preimplant spiral tomograms revealed that the initial prosthetic trajectory through the proposed incisal edge of each tooth replacement would result in a final osteotomy site that would compromise the overall thickness of the facial cortical plate. After adjusting for magnification and distortion factors, new prosthetic/surgical trajectories were fabricated into the surgical guide, and this information was utilized to prepare the final implant osteotomy site. This adjustment resulted in 2 mm of residual crestal facial bone postimplant insertion, which became wider at more apical measurements. These findings were verified in the postimplant serial tomograms.Conclusions: Spiral tomography was a valuable adjunct in the treatment planning phases of endosseous dental implant placement especially in cases with minimal crestal width, high esthetic demands, or where exact implant placement is critical for successful treatment outcomes. J Periodontol 2002;73:1202‐1209.
Pharmacokinetic Profile of a Locally Administered Doxycycline Gel in Crevicular Fluid, Blood, and Saliva
Authors: Kim Ti‐Sun , Bürklin Thomas , Schacher Beate , Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Schaecken Matthijs T. , Renggli Heinz H. , Fiehn Walter , Eickholz Peter 
Published: February 2005

Background: With the help of so‐called controlled release delivery systems, the half‐life period of locally administered antibiotics in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be extended significantly. The aim of this study was to characterize the delivery profile of a new one‐component 14% doxycycline free amine gel for local application. Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline (DOXY) were analyzed in GCF, saliva, and serum.Methods: Twenty patients with persisting or recurring pockets (probing depths ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing) after mechanical treatment (surgical or non‐surgical) took part in the study. In each patient 1 periodontal defect was treated with DOXY gel. Samples of GCF, saliva, and serum were obtained before application of DOXY gel; 15 minutes after application; at 2 and 5 hours; and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 11 days after application. Separation and quantitative measurement of DOXY was performed with high performance liquid chromatography and UV detection at λ = 260 nm.Results: Coefficients of variation were lower than 2% (intraassay) and 4% (interassay), respectively. For concentrations between 50 to 1000 μg/ml, we found a linear relationship between expected and measured DOXY values (linear coefficient of correlation: r = 0.998). Within the first 5 hours after application, concentration of DOXY in GCF (maximum after 15 minutes 19.97 ± 5.85 mg/ml) and saliva (maximum after 15 minutes 17.83 ± 2.84 mg/ml) was similar. Then concentration fell to a lower level (28.90 ± 19.44 μg/ml) compared to GCF (577.41 ± 127.34 μg/ml) after 3 days. Up to 10 days after application, the concentration of DOXY in GCF was 34.24 μg/ml. With the exception of 1 patient, all serum samples were DOXY‐negative.Conclusions: 1) After subgingival application of biodegradable 14% doxycycline gel, mean doxycycline levels in GCF that exceeded 16 μg/ml could be maintained for at least 12 days. Thus, the antimicrobial agent may be classified as a controlled release device. 2) The antibiotic effect was limited mainly to the subgingival sites of application of the doxycycline gel. 3) The doxycycline gel possesses the pharmacokinetic and clinical properties to deliver efficacious levels of antibiotics to the periodontal pocket and to maintain these levels for at least 1 week without the need of further drug retention by a periodontal dressing. J Periodontol 2002;73:1285‐1291.
Effects of CO2 Laser Treatment on Fibroblast Attachment to Root Surfaces. A Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
Authors: Crespi R. , Barone A. , Covani U. , Ciaglia R.N. , Romanos G.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the CO2 laser effects on root surfaces affected by periodontal disease in comparison to scaling and root planing for fibroblast attachment.Methods: Thirty single‐rooted human teeth extracted because of advanced periodontal disease were included in this study. A total of 60 specimens, obtained from all selected teeth, were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) control (untreated); 2) hand scaling and root planing (SRP); or 3) laser (CO2 defocused pulsed) and ultrasonic scaling. All the specimens were incubated in Petri dishes with fibroblast suspension, and then observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The control group showed the lowest number of attached cells, with no tightly attached fibroblasts. The laser plus scaling group showed the highest number of attached fibroblasts, with the tightly attached fibroblast prevailing. The lasertreated and scaled root specimens did not show any damage or morphologic alteration of the root surfaces.Conclusion: CO2 laser treatment in defocused, pulsed mode with a low power of 2W combined with mechanical instrumentation constitutes a useful tool to condition the root surface and increase fibroblast attachment to root surfaces. J Periodontol 2002;73:1308‐1312.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cyclosporin‐Treated Gingival Fibroblasts Is Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)‐β1 Autocrine Stimulation
Authors: Cotrim P. , de Andrade C.R. , Martelli‐Junior H. , Graner E. , Sauk J.J. , Coletta R.D. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect following the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). The pathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood; however, recent studies show that CsA regulates the transcription of several cytokines including transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TGF‐β1 in the pathogenesis of CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth, exploring a possible autocrine stimulation of TGF‐β1 as a cellular regulator of synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMPs).Methods: Gingival fibroblasts from human normal gingiva were incubated with increasing concentrations of CsA, cultured for 24 hours, and the expression and production of TGF‐β1 determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. MMP and TIMP mRNA expression levels were also analyzed by RT‐PCR. To determine the effect of TGF‐β1 on the expression of MMP and TIMP by human gingival fibroblasts under CsA treatment, human gingival fibroblast cultures were treated with sense oligonucleotides (SON) or antisense oligonucleotides (AON).Results: CsA simultaneously stimulated TGF‐β1 expression and production and inhibited expression of MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 by human gingival fibroblasts, whereas CsA has a slight effect on TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 expression. AON reduced TGF‐β1 production as demonstrated by ELISA, whereas TGF‐β1 mRNA expression levels were not significantly modified. The inhibition of TGF‐β1production byAONmodulated MMP expression, demonstrating the autocrine inhibitory effect of TGF‐β1 in CsA‐treated human gingival fibroblasts.Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that TGF‐β1 in an autocrine fashion may contribute to a reduction of proteolytic activity of human gingival fibroblasts in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth, which favors the accumulation of extracellular matrix. J Periodontol 2002;73:1313‐1322.
Macrophage Subpopulations in Gingival Overgrowth Induced by Nifedipine and Immunosuppressive Medication
Authors: Nurmenniemi Petri K. , Pernu Hilkka E. , Laukkanen Päivi , Knuuttila Matti L.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The immunomodulating effects of both immunosuppressive and nifedipine medication have been associated with druginduced gingival overgrowth. The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the presence of macrophage subpopulations in normal human gingiva and in gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine and immunosuppressive medication.Methods: Gingival samples were taken from 11 nifedipine‐medicated cardiac outpatients (nifedipine group), 11 triple‐medicated organ‐transplant recipients also taking nifedipine (immunosuppression plus nifedipine group), 12 triple‐medicated organ‐transplant recipients (immunosuppression group), and 20 generally healthy individuals (control group). Cryostat sections were stained with mAbs for inflammatory 27E10, reparative RM3/1, and resident 25F9 macrophages using an avidinbiotin enzyme complex method. Total numbers of mAb‐labeled cells were determined in connective tissue beneath sulcular epithelium, connective tissue beneath oral epithelium, and middle connective tissue. Expression of 27E10 was determined in keratinocytes in the oral epithelium. Statistics analyses were undertaken using the chi‐square test, the Mann‐Whitney U test, the independent samples t test, analysis of variance, and analysis of covariance.Results: Greater numbers of inflammatory 27E10‐positive macrophages were found in all 3 medicated groups and counting zones than in the control group except in connective tissue beneath sulcular epithelium in the immunosuppression group. The incidence of specimens expressing 27E10 antigen throughout the oral epithelium was significantly higher in the immunosuppression group (8 of 12) than in the control group (4 of 20) and the nifedipine group (2 of 11). Numbers of reparative RM3/1‐positive macrophages were significantly greater in the immunosuppression group in connective tissue beneath oral epithelium than in the control group. The effect was markedly associated with degree of inflammation. Numbers of resident 25F9‐positive macrophages were lower in connective tissue beneath sulcular epithelium in the immunosuppression group, and higher in middle connective tissue in the nifedipine group than in the control group.Conclusion: Our results show that the nature of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth differs somewhat between immunosuppressive and nifedipine medications. J Periodontol 2002;73:1323‐1330.
Coping With Stress: Its Influence on Periodontal Disease
Authors: Wimmer Gernot , Janda Michaela , Wieselmann‐Penkner Karin , Jakse Norbert , Polansky Raoul , Pertl Christof 
Published: February 2005

Background: Various forms of stress behavior were documented and in patients with periodontitis their relationship with periodontal disease was investigated.Methods: Eighty‐nine patients with different forms of chronic periodontitis were included in this retrospective case‐control study. They were all undergoing periodontal treatment at the Department of Dental Prosthetics, University of Graz, or a private dental practice. The control group consisted of 63 persons employed in health care at the Clinic of Graz. All participants completed a stress coping questionnaire of 114 items and 19 actional and intrapsychic stress coping modes. The questionnaire served as a psychodiagnostic survey aimed at collecting data on stress coping strategies. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) served as the clinical parameter.Results: With the help of a factor analysis with α factorization and Varimax rotation, 5 factors were extracted from the 19 subtests. The reliability of the questionnaire was less than 0.70 only for subtests “escape” and “pharmaceutical drugs.” Otherwise the internal consistency ranged between 0.74 and 0.92, and the retest reliability between 0.72 and 0.84. Subsequent assessment with the t test for independent random samples at the 5% level showed that patients differ significantly from controls in regard of factor 2 (active coping, P = 0.40) and 3 (distractive coping, P = 0.033), and that they differ very significantly from controls in regard of factor 4 (defensive coping, P = 0.000) and 5 (coping through aggression and pharmaceutical drugs, P = 0.007). In the statistical analysis of factors with regard to the severity of periodontal disease, the patients were divided into 2 groups (mild to moderate and severe). The t test for independent random samples showed significance for factor 4 (defensive coping) in that patients with a defensive coping style had greater attachment loss (pF4 = 0.04).Conclusions: The data corroborate the thesis that periodontitis patients with inadequate stress behavior strategies (defensive coping) are at greater risk for severe periodontal disease. However, further investigations are required to confirm the significance of inappropriate coping styles with respect to the advancement of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:1343‐1351.
Medical Grade Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Versus Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene in the Treatment of Mandibular Class II Furcations
Authors: Couri Christopher J. , Maze Glenn I. , Hinkson David W. , Collins Byran H. , Dawson Deborah V. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) techniques have been reported to enhance bone regeneration of molar furcation defects. The current trends in therapy encourage the use of a bioabsorbable barrier. The efficacy of the bioabsorbable barrier needs to be equal to, if not better than, the non‐absorbable barrier.Methods: This clinical study compared the bone regeneration capacity of a commonly used GTR procedure (demineralized freezedried bone allograft [DFDBA] and an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene [ePTFE] membrane) to DFDBA and an exclusion barrier of medical grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate [MGCSH]). Thirteen pairs of mandibular molar Class II furcation defects were evaluated in 13 patients. Clinical measurements of keratinized gingival width, probing depth, and recession were recorded prior to treatment. Following flap elevation and furcation defect debridement, an occlusal reference stent and periodontal probes were used to measure vertical, horizontal, and intrabony defect dimensions to the nearest millimeter. Paired defects were randomly assigned to receive either DFDBA/ePTFE or DFDBA/MGCSH. At 6 months, study sites were surgically re‐entered and the treated furcations were debrided to a firm bone surface. Intraoperative measurements were repeated. Clinical measurements were repeated at 12 months.Results: The MGCSH‐treated furcations demonstrated mean probing depth reduction between baseline and 6 months (1.00 ± 0.82 mm, P <0.05) and baseline and 12 months (1.31 ± 0.85 mm, P <0.05). There was no statistically significant change in probing depth in the ePTFE group at any time interval. The horizontal defect fill was significantly greater for ePTFE (36.7%) versus MGCSH (23.8%) (P <0.02).Conclusions: In selected defects, improved clinical measurements were achieved with DFDBA/MGCSH as well as DFDBA/ePTFE. Both treatments obtained significant horizontal defect fill at 6 months. DFDBA/ePTFE showed a significantly greater horizontal defect fill compared to DFDBA/MGCSH. Attachment level gains achieved with MGCSH held for 12 months, whereas ePTFE attachment level gains did not. J Periodontol 2002;73:1352‐1359.
Acute Streptococcal Infection of the Gingiva, Lower Lip, and Pharynx—A Case Report
Authors: Katz Joseph , Guelmann Marcio , Rudolph Matthew , Ruskin James 
Published: February 2005

Background: Streptococcal gingivostomatitis is a rare phenomenon in a non‐compromised host and not commonly reported in the dental literature. Early diagnosis and distinction from viral infections, especially HSV infection, are of the utmost importance. The early use of penicillin is essential in preventing a cascade of events, resulting in severe fascitis, destruction of tissues, and subsequent rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.Methods: A unique case of group A beta‐hemolytic streptococcal infection affecting the pharynx, lower lip, and gingiva of a healthy 19‐year‐old male is presented.Results: The streptococcal infection was responsive to penicillin treatment.Conclusions: In view of the increased use of antibiotics and the development of aggressive strains, the dental clinician has to consider streptococcal infection in the differential diagnosis of gingival and soft tissue infections. J Periodontol 2002;73:1392‐1395.