bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the multi-component Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni0.95Cr0.05Si0.95Al0.05 intermetallic compound
Authors: Bhatta Ashika , Casey Jacob , Bhattacharjee Sharmistha , Pathak Arjun K. , Khan Mahmud 
Published: January 2024

The first-order phase transition and associated magnetocaloric properties of Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni0.95Cr0.05Si0.95Al0.05 have been studied by x-ray diffraction and dc magnetization measurements. The diffraction data for the sample showed that both the orthorhombic and hexagonal crystalline phases coexisted at room temperature. The temperature dependence of magnetization was measured at a constant field of 0.2 T. The first-order phase transition was observed at 325 K during heating and at 306 K during cooling, showing a thermomagnetic hysteresis of 19 K. For magnetic field change of 5 T, the entropy changes evaluated from the isothermal magnetization data peaked at 322 K during warming and at 313 K during cooling, showing a thermomagnetic hysteresis of 9 K. This difference in the magnitude of the thermomagnetic hysteresis was attributed to the virgin effect due to stress and crack formation during the first cooling from hexagonal to orthorhombic phase. Peak entropy changes of −16 J kg−1 K−1 and −42 J kg−1 K−1 were observed on heating for field changes of 2 and 5 T, respectively. The related refrigeration capacities were 74 J/kg (2 T) and 194 J/kg (5 T).
Mechanisms driving spatial and temporal changes in soil organic carbon stocks in saline soils in a typical county of the western Songnen Plain, northeast China
Authors: Liang Bing , Wei Jianbing , Zhao Haiqin , Wu Shangyu , Hou Yongxia , Zhang Susu 
Published: January 2024

Context The Songnen Plain is a crucial grain-producing region in China, and its western area, influenced by natural conditions and long-term human activities, faces severe issues of soil salinisation. In recent years, soil organic carbon (SOC) in saline-alkali soils has gained increasing attention as a material foundation for grain production and an essential carbon sink for mitigating climate change. However, the driving factors behind regional-scale changes in SOC in saline-alkali soils remain unclear. Aims This research was conducted to assess changes in soil organic carbon stocks and identify main driving factors in saline soils at 40-years scale. Methods Taking Tongyu County in the western part of the Songnen Plain as a case study, this research explored the spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) from 1982 to 2022 using GIS. Random forest regression and structural equation modelling were employed to identify environmental factors influencing SOCD distribution in different soil layers. Key results (1) From 1982 to 2022, the average SOCD in the surface, subsurface, and bottom soil layers decreased by 0.65, 0.34, and 0.46 kg m−2, respectively, resulting in a total carbon storage reduction of 12.93 Tg C. (2) In 1982, the vertical distribution of SOCD was higher at the top and bottom layers and lower in the middle; however, by 2022, it exhibited a gradual decrease layer by layer. (3) Topographic factors only influenced surface SOCD, while the influence of environmental humidity and land use on SOCD decreased with increasing depth. Conclusions These findings provided valuable scientific insights for implementing regional soil carbon sequestration and soil nutrient conservation measures.
Predicting maximum scour depth at sluice outlet: a comparative study of machine learning models and empirical equations
Authors: Le Xuan-Hien , Thu Hien Le Thi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Estimating the maximum scour depth of sluice outlets is pivotal in hydrological engineering, directly influencing the safety and efficiency of water infrastructure. This research compared traditional empirical formulas with advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms, including RID, SVM, CAT, and XGB, utilizing experimental datasets from prior studies. Performance statistics highlighted the efficacy of the ML algorithms over empirical formulas, with CAT and XGB leading the way. Specifically, XGB demonstrated superiority with a correlation coefficient (CORR) of 0.944 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.439. Following closely, the CAT model achieved a CORR of 0.940, and SVM achieved 0.898. For empirical formulas, although CORR values up to 0.816 and RMSE values of 0.799 can be obtained, these numbers are still lower than most ML algorithms. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis underscored the densimetric Froude number (Fd) as the most crucial factor in ML models, with influences ranging from 0.839 in RID to 0.627 in SVM. Uncertainty in ML model estimates was further quantified using the Monte Carlo technique with 1,000 simulations on testing datasets. CAT and XGB have shown more stability than the other models in providing estimates with mean CORRs of 0.937 and 0.946, respectively. Their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are [0.929–0.944] for CAT and [0.933–0.954] for XGB. These results demonstrated the potential of ML algorithms, particularly CAT and XGB, in predicting the maximum scour depth. Although these models offer high accuracy and higher 95% CI than others, the empirical formulas retain their relevance due to their simplicity and quick computation, which may still make them favored in certain scenarios.
OP11 Exploring the potential clinical utility of NUDT15 pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice: a ‘focused reverse phenotyping’ study in the UK IBD Bioresource
Authors: Roberts C , Sazonovs A , Smith R , Bishara M , Lin S , Neil C , Bewshea C , Warden S , Pele L , Cocking L , Goodhand J , Kennedy N , Parkes M , Ahmad T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
In a previous study we recruited patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a history of thiopurine induced myelosuppression (TIM) and identified associated variants in NUDT15. This widely used phenotype-first approach, is limited by ascertainment and recall bias, which impacts understanding of penetrance, expressivity, and variant pathogenicity that are key to clinical implementation. The United Kingdom (UK) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) IBD Bioresource allows investigators to select large numbers of subjects based on genomic variants of interest, rather than phenotypes, to overcome these biases. Using this ‘focused reverse phenotyping’ approach we sought to investigate the cumulative 6-month risk of myelosuppression in patients with NUDT15 variants.

Methods
Cases and controls were identified from whole exome sequencing data. Cases included all participants with a loss of function NUDT15 variant (*2, *3, *4, *5, *6 and *9). Control subjects were selected based on wild-type carriage of NUDT15 and TPMT, matched for ethnicity. Our primary outcome measure was time to TIM.
Myelosuppression was defined as a white cell count (WCC) &lt;3.5x109/L or a neutrophil count &lt;2.0x109/L that occurred within six months of achieving the maximum thiopurine dose, or in the absence of blood test results, a decision to reduce the dose of or withdraw the thiopurine due to myelosuppression. Severe myelosuppression was defined as a WCC &lt;2.5x109/L or neutrophil count &lt;1.0x109/L and a decision to either reduce the dose of or stop the thiopurine.

Results
We screened 23,082 patients recruited to the UK NIHR IBD bioresource with whole exome sequence data and identified 451 patients with a loss of function NUDT15 variant. We matched, based on ethnicity, these patients to 916 controls. Overall, 271/21,136 (1.3%) Caucasians and 127/1,089 (11.7%) South Asian carried an NUDT15 variant allele. 239/451 (60%) cases had a history of thiopurine exposure. The median weight-adjusted maximum thiopurine dose amongst cases and controls was 1.78 and 1.79 mg/kg/day, respectively.
The time to myelosuppression was shorter in patients with NUDT15 variants as shown in Figure 1. The risk of myelosuppression, severe myelosuppression, and hospitalisation was also higher in patients with NUDT15 variants as shown in table 1.

Conclusion
In this reverse phenotyping study, the time to myelosuppression was significantly shorter in patients who carried a loss of function NUDT15 variant. The overall risk of myelosuppression was lower than previously observed in phenotype-first studies. Prior to implementation further analysis of the cost-effectiveness of NUDT15 testing is required.
OP19 Extended mesenterectomy is not superior to mesenteric sparing resection in primary ileocolic resection for Crohn’s Disease in terms of postoperative endoscopic recurrence – results of an international randomised controlled trial
Authors: Van Der Does De Willebois E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Extended mesenteric resection has recently been proposed to improve clinical outcomes after an ileocolic resection (ICR) for Crohn’s disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical relevance of extended mesenteric resection, up to the level of the ileocolic trunk (intervention group), compared to conventional mesenteric sparing resection (control group) with regard to postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing primary ICR for Crohn’s disease.

Methods
In an international randomised controlled trial (RCT), patients ≥16 years, were assigned 1:1 to either the intervention- or the control-group. The anastomotic technique was standardised (side-to-side stapled). To demonstrate a relevant difference of 25% in postoperative endoscopic recurrence (defined as a modified Rutgeerts score ≥i2b, according to central reading) at 6 months, a minimum of 62 evaluable patients per arm were required. Secondary outcome parameters were postoperative morbidity, histopathological outcomes and use of Crohn’s medication postoperatively.

Results
In total, of the 129 included patients, 56 (43.3%) were male with a median age of 36 (IQR 22-55). There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. There was no difference in endoscopic recurrence rates between the two groups: 27/62 (43.5%) in the intervention group and 27/64 (42.2%) in the control group, (p=1.0) Fig 1. Median time until endoscopy was 6 months (IQR 6-7). More patients received postoperative medical prophylaxis in the intervention group (28% vs 14%). In the control group, more patients started medication after endoscopy (intervention group 20% vs control group 27%). This resulted in a similar number of patients in both groups being on Crohn’s medication after six months, 48% in the intervention group and 41% in the control group. There was no significant difference in length of resection specimen (median length colon 7cm; ileum 22.5cm), blood-loss or operative time. Overall, a postoperative complication occurred in 28%, with anastomotic leakage in 5 (3.9%).

Conclusion
This is the first RCT to present data on the effect of extended mesenteric resection during ICR for Crohn’s disease. The results of this study showed no superiority of extended mesenteric resection with regard to endoscopic recurrence or other perioperative outcomes.
OP21 Spatial Transcriptomics of Pre-treatment Biopsies Revealing Molecular Maturation State and Chronic Crypt Damage, Reflecting Histological Severity, as Predictors of Primary Responsiveness to TNF-α Inhibitors in Bio-naive Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Kim S W , Na K , Oh S J , Lee C K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Biologic therapies, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi), have greatly advanced the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), yet significant number of patients still do not respond to these treatments. For UC management, achieving both histologic and molecular healing is crucial, highlighting the need for more comprehensive therapeutic strategies. Despite extensive research, there is a significant gap in studies that simultaneously assess histologic and molecular changes at both the crypt and lamina propria (LP) levels. Our study addresses this gap by investigating TNFi-resistant UC patients, utilizing spatial transcriptomics to discern specific cell types within histologic sections and integrating these insights to enhance understanding of UC treatment responses.

Methods
We evaluated 56 patients categorized into test (n=23), validation (n=31), and healthy control groups (n=2). Each underwent biopsies at the same sites before (preTx) and after treatment (postTx), as shown in Figure 1A. This study focused on a 3-month follow-up of patients who were administered TNFi as a primary biologic therapy following resistance to conventional treatments. We used digital spatial profiling to analyze gene expression in the crypt and LP, as seen in Figures 1B and 1C. We then correlated molecular data with morphological characteristics and quantitatively evaluated histologic factors, especially crypt distortion and atrophy, reported as percentages (%).

Results
Among the study participants, 29 were classified as responders (R) to TNFi, while 25 were non-responders (non-R). A comparative analysis of gene expression between R and non-R groups revealed a differential expression pattern: 72 genes in the crypt and 105 genes in the LP across varying histologies, as shown in Figure 1D and 1E. Notably, in the preTx samples of non-R, crypts displayed significantly lower expression of genes associated with the maturation of colonocytes, including BEST4, C10orf99, CA2, CA4, CA7, PHGR1, SLC26A2, SLC26A3, LYPD8, CLCA1, and SCNN1, compared to the R group (Figure 1F). Furthermore, when correlating spatial transcriptomic data with histomorphological features, we observed that crypt distortion and atrophy were significantly more pronounced in the non-R group than in the R group in the preTx biopsy samples (Figures 1G and 1H).

Conclusion
Our study's spatial profiling unveils distinct molecular and histologic features between R and non-R to TNFi among bio-naive UC patients. The evaluation of chronic histological features such as crypt distortion, and molecular maturation status, in predicting TNFi response highlights the potential of early histologic assessment in guiding biologic therapy in the UC treatment pathway.
DOP02 Developing explicit thresholds for outcomes to inform (GRADE) Evidence to Decision frameworks for Inflammatory Bowel Disease guidelines
Authors: Shaban N , Sinopoulou V , Vuyyuru S , Moran G , Gordon M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence to decision (EtD) frameworks are a key recent development in Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. They aim to ensure that decisions about healthcare interventions are based on a thorough, transparent and unbiased assessment of the available evidence. Core to this is to agree the importance of outcomes to be used, the specific measures for each outcome that have the most consensus and finally to develop explicit thresholds for interpretation of effect sizes of outcomes to inform (GRADE) evidence to decision frameworks. This ensures decisions are made in an unbiased fashion and allows stakeholders to focus on discussions based on their significant experience and expertise, rather than interpretation of evidence. Therefore, our study aims to develop these thresholds for the EtD framework to establish their use in several key IBD guidelines.

Methods
This online survey using Survey Monkey was conducted by inviting experts and stakeholders from the United Kingdom and British Society of Gastroenterology. Each expert was asked to select important clinically relevant outcomes and were asked about what magnitude of the effect they consider large, moderate, small, or trivial for each of the clinical, endoscopic, radiological, biochemical, histological outcomes and adverse events. Questions were framed as neutral statements without introducing a specific direction. Response options included sliding bars going from 1 to 100% for the desirable magnitude of effect for each outcome (Figure 1). The mean average of responses of experts were calculated.

Results
A total of 89 clinical experts/stakeholders participated in this online survey. Clinical remission, clinical response, endoscopic remission, withdrawal due to adverse events, and serious adverse events were considered critical outcomes. Trivial to small, small to moderate and moderate to large thresholds were as follows - clinical remission (10%, 20% and 31%), clinical response (13 %, 24% and 36%), endoscopic remission (9%, 17% and 28%), withdrawal due to AE (7 %, 14% and 23%), serious AE (6%, 11% and 17%) (Table 1).

Conclusion
This is the first study to develop thresholds for outcomes in IBD which can be used in EtD for the development of IBD guidelines. These thresholds have been used in the development of upcoming British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of IBD.
DOP03 Gaps between ECCO quality standards of care and the real world: the E-QUALITY survey on processes and outcomes
Authors: Walsh A , Fidalgo C , Adamina M , Barreiro de Acosta M , Burisch J , Drobne D , Faiz O , Ferrante M , Godny L , Iacucci M , Jäghult S , Restellini S , Rosini F , Shouval D , Yanai H , Fiorino G 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) Position Paper on Quality-of-Care (QoC) proposed essential standards on process and outcomes for units that manage patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The E-QUALITY taskforce investigated whether gaps between these standards and real-world practice exist.

Methods
A 74-question web survey accessible to all institutions affiliated with ECCO was developed. One delegate per institution was requested to respond. A descriptive analysis was done.

Results
From March to October 2023, 166 centres from 28 different countries replied to the survey (Fig.1).
At diagnosis, disease extent is assessed by colonoscopy in 96% and completed by small bowel (SB) evaluation in 43%. At least 2 biopsies from each segment are obtained in 55%. SB investigation for Crohn’s disease (CD) takes place in 60%. 54% of centres provide access to endoscopy with deep sedation for the majority of patients. To assess treatment response, faecal calprotectin is used in 65%, endoscopy in 54%, cross-sectional imaging for CD in 36%. In the case of primary failure of any drug, therapeutic decisions are based on objective measures of inflammation in 98%. A scheduled monitoring protocol for asymptomatic patients is followed in 42%. Patients with prolonged use of corticosteroids are being switched to a steroid-sparing treatment in 84%, but there is no protocol to track or act upon high steroid exposure in 43% of centres. 72% centres monitor metabolic bone health. Only 51% of units screen IBD patients for colorectal cancer, but screening is done with high-definition endoscopy in 92%. Chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies is performed in only 47% units. Patients with perianal fistula are managed by combined medical and surgical approach in 67%, and reassessment by clinical and endoscopy and/or pelvic MRI is done in 62%. Laparoscopic approach for intra-abdominal surgery is used in 76%, and preoperative nutritional assessment in 62%. Patients receive therapies to prevent post-operative recurrence based on risk factors in 70%, standard endoscopy within 6-12 months after surgery is done only in 52% of centres. Although only 8% of centres lack a defined protocol to manage acute severe ulcerative colitis flares, 13% lack a standard algorithm, and 36% do not involve the surgeon in this setting from day 1. 38% of centres have a paediatric to adult transition clinic.
The main reason for not adhering to ECCO standards are difficulty of providing tests in a timely fashion in up to 83% of centres.

Conclusion
Our survey has revealed significant gaps between ECCO standards and real-world practice. These results will help ECCO improve initiatives to help institutions to provide standard QoC.
1) Fiorino et al. JCC 2020;14:1037-48
DOP06 Development of simplified scoring system to predict two-year clinical remission of patients with Ulcerative Colitis after treatment with vedolizumab
Authors: Chaemsupaphan T , Pudipeddi A , Paramsothy S , Kermeen M , Collins G , Lin H , Leong R W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
No prospective study had been conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). While several studies have identified predictive factors for achieving mucosal healing, a well-validated algorithm is lacking. We aimed to identify the predictive factors and develop a practical scoring system to assess the efficacy of vedolizumab in patients with UC.

Methods
We performed a logistic regression analysis from the data of withdrawal versus continuation of thiopurine in vedolizumab-treated patients with ulcerative colitis (VIEWS) study which is a prospective multi-center longitudinal cohort in UC patients in Australia who had clinical and endoscopic remission (Mayo score ≤ 1) at baseline and continued vedolizumab as maintenance treatment. Predictive factors of two-year steroid-free clinical remission were developed into a model that predicted the outcome of treatment. We then validated our scoring system in a separate retrospective cohort of patients with UC who received vedolizumab in routine practice during 2016-2021.

Results
The derivation cohort comprised 62 patients, with 48 patients (77.4%) maintaining clinical remission at 2 years. Patient characteristics are presented in table1. Independent predictive factors used in developing the model included combination of thiopurine continuation (OR 3.6, P-value 0.11), absence of exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (OR 3.75, P-value 0.047), histologic remission at baseline (OR 10.79, P-value 0.002), and duration of UC &lt; 5 years (OR 9.29, P-value 0.04). The final simplified score is as follows: 3x (thiopurine continuation) + 2x (absence of exposure to anti-TNF) + 3x (histologic remission at baseline) + 2x (duration of UC &lt; 5 years) yielding the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.86 in the derivation cohort (figure 1). In the validation cohort, there were 43 UC patients who had been initiated and continued vedolizumab as maintenance treatment, with 30 patients (69.8%) remained in clinical remission at two years. The AUROC of validation cohort was 0.75 after applying simplified score. At a cut-off level of 4 points, the model can identify two-year clinical remission with 83% sensitivity and 54% specificity, respectively.

Conclusion
We developed the practical predictive scoring system to determine UC patients who are likely to remain in clinical remission after two years of treatment with vedolizumab. In high-risk UC patients, combination use of vedolizumab and thiopurine is strongly recommended.