bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Association between Skin Cancer and Immune Cells: Mendelian randomization (MR) study
Authors: Yin¹ Wei , Li¹ Ruilei , Zhang¹ Zhaoqi , Wang¹ Ying , Tang¹ Xinghua , Zhu¹ Lin , Yao¹ Hong , Li¹ Ke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:Numerous meta-analyses and clinical studies have shown that subtypes of immune cells are associated with the development of skin cancer, but it is not clear whether this association is causal or biased. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis reduces the effect of confounding factors and improves the accuracy of the results when compared to traditional studies. Thus, in order to examine the causal relationship between various immune cell and skin cancer, this study employs two-sample MR.
Methods:This study assesses the causal association between 731 immune cell characteristics and skin cancer using a two-sample Mendel randomization (MR) methodology. Multiple MR methods were used to bias and to derive reliable estimates of causality between instrumental variables and outcomes. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were used to validate the stability, heterogeneity and horizontal multiplicity of the results.
Results:We discovered that potential causal relationships between different types of immune cells and skin cancer disease. Specifically, one type of immune cell as potentially causal to malignant melanoma of skin (MM), eight different types of immune cells as potentially causal to basal cell carcinoma (BCC), four different types of immune cells as potentially causal to actinic keratosis (AK), and no different types of immune cells were found to have a potential causal association with squamous cell carcinoma（SCC）, with stability in all of the results.
Conclusion:This study demonstrates the close connection between immune cells and skin cancer disease by genetic means, which enriches the current knowledge about the role of immune cells in skin cancer and also contributes to the design of therapeutic strategies from an immunological perspective.
Generalized form of vectorial laws of reflection and refraction and application to meta material
Authors: Debnath Anchal , Bhattacharjee Debajyoti , Debnath Chandan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This communication presents the generalized laws of reflection and refraction in vectorial form with simple derivation. A few relations related to reflection and refraction in vectorial form have been included. The photon theory as well as the principle of conservation of momentum has been used for the derivation of these vectorial laws of reflection and refraction. The application of these laws in metamaterial has been discussed.
Inhibition of MicroRNA-129-5p Promotes Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kaurani Lalit , Zhou Jiayin , Pradhan Ranjit , Schröder Sophie , Burkhardt Susanne , Schuetz Anna-Lena , Delalle Ivana , Rizzu Patrizia , Heutink Peter , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Fischer Andre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain to deteriorate over time. This leads to changes in behavior, language problems, and a loss of mental abilities. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including FTD, which suggests that they could be used as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We looked at smallRNA sequencing data from the frontal and temporal brain tissue of FTD patients with mutations in the MAPT, GRN, or C9orf72 genes, as well as brain tissue from people without dementia. The objective of this study was to find out what role miR-129-5p plays in FTD. We discovered that miR-129-5p was abundant in neurons, and knocking it out in a neuron-glia mixed culture increased neuroinflammation and was linked to astrocyte activation. When astrocytes without miR-129-5p were cultured with primary neurons, it had a negative effect on synaptic plasticity. Inhibiting miR-129-5p in mice resulted in hippocampus-dependent learning memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction. This study emphasizes the role of miR-129-5p in regulating neuronal activity and its potential as a therapeutic target for FTD. The results show that miR-129-5p plays a crucial role in controlling neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in FTD. The research sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying FTD and reveals potential therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
Follow-up of Secundum ASD, Muscular VSD, or PDA Diagnosed During Newborn Hospitalization
Authors: Faultersack Jacob , Johnstad Christine , Zhang Xiao , Greco Margaret , hokanson john 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: The ideal follow-up of neonates who have a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD), muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains uncertain.
Methods: Newborns with findings limited to a secundum ASD, muscular VSD and/or PDA on their last birth hospital echocardiogram and at least one outpatient follow-up echocardiogram performed between 9-1-17 and 9-1-21 were evaluated and patient follow-up assessed through 9-1-23.
Results: 95 babies met inclusion criteria. 43 babies had a secundum ASD, 41 had a muscular VSD and 54 had a PDA at newborn hospital discharge. 39/95 had more than one intracardiac shunt. 56 were discharged from care, 26 were still in follow-up and 13 were lost to recommended follow-up.
No patients required intervention during the follow-up period of 2 to 6 years. Of those 43 with a secundum ASD 16 (37.2%) had demonstrated closure of the ASD and 13 (30.2%) were discharged from care with and ASD < 3.5 mm in diameter. 3/43 infants with secundum ASD had a defect large enough to easily warrant further follow-up.
Conclusion: Even in this group who had early clinical follow-up recommended by a pediatric cardiologist, no baby discharged from their birth hospitalization with a secundum ASD, muscular VSD or PDA needed any intervention from 2 to 6 years of follow-up. Ongoing follow-up with echocardiography of those infants with a secundum ASD is of greater value than of those with muscular VSD or PDA.
Sensitivity of sustainable urban drainage systems to precipitation events and malfunctions
Authors: Funke Fabian , Kleidorfer Manfred 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In recent years, sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDSs) have become increasingly popular, sometimes taking over large parts of conventional stormwater management. SUDSs are usually designed using simple design procedures based on statistical rainfall data, without long-term simulations or real rainfall events. In addition, there is little experience of how SUDS respond to potential failures and malfunctions, often caused by ageing infrastructure and lack of asset management. Based on these two factors influencing the hydrological performance of SUDS, this study investigates the sensitivity of seven different SUDSs to rainfall events and malfunctions. The study was conducted using the SWMM 5.2 modeling software and the low impact development (LID) module was implemented for a period of 60 years. The SUDS are studied as individual infrastructure and as part of a small urban catchment. The results show that only the green roofs and rainwater cisterns have a statistically significant correlation between the length and return period of rain events and runoff values, with higher correlations for longer rain events. In contrast, the failures and malfunctions investigated can have a significant impact on the hydrological performance of SUDS. In particular, the design return period of SUDS was occasionally significantly exceeded for the strong malfunction scenarios studied.
Predicting the peak flow and assessing the hydrologic hazard of the Kessem Dam, Ethiopia using machine learning and risk management centre-reservoir frequency analysis software
Authors: Ayele Elias Gebeyehu , Ergete Esayas Tesfaye , Geremew Getachew Bereta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Flooding due to overtopping during peak flow in embankment dams primarily causes dam failure. The Kessem River watershed of the Awash basin in the Rift Valley of the Afar region in Ethiopia was studied intricately to predict the causes of the Kessem Dam safety using machine learning predictive models and risk management centre-reservoir frequency analysis. Recently developed recurrent neural network predictive models with hybrid Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) were used for simulation of river flow. Peak daily inflow to the reservoir is predicted to be 467.72, 435.88, and 513.55 m3/s in 2035, 2061, and 2090, respectively. The hydrologic hazard analysis results show 2,823.57 m3/s and 935.21 m; 2,126.3 m3/s and 934.18 m; and 11,491.1 m3/s and 942.11 m peak discharge and maximum reservoir water level during the periods of 2022–2050, 2051–2075, and 2076–2100, respectively, for 0.0001 annual exceedance probability. The Kessem Dam may potentially be overtopped by a flood with a return period of about 10,000 years during the period of 2076–2100. Quantitative hydrologic risk assessment of the dam is used for dam safety evaluation to decide whether the existing structure provides an adequate level of safety, and if not, what modifications are necessary to improve the dam's safety.
Profiling and evaluation of phenolic compounds in olive mill wastewater in Jordan
Authors: Abu Shmeis Reham M. , Tarawneh Ibrahim N. , Issa Amneh T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Phenolic compounds (PCs) are prevalent in olive mill wastewater (OMW), offering numerous health benefits but concurrently posing environmental challenges. This study aims to comprehensively characterize PCs in OMW, both qualitatively and quantitatively. An accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective method was successfully developed for extracting and quantifying seven PCs in OMW. The extraction procedure was optimized to achieve the maximum recovery using a liquid-liquid extraction method. Concentrations of the identified PCs were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The seven PCs peaks were successfully separated on an RP-C8 column within a 23-minute runtime using a gradient mobile phase. The method underwent thorough validation, producing satisfactory results. Subsequently, the developed method was applied to analyze OMW from four olive mills in Jordan, revealing PC concentrations ranging from 139 to 430 mg/L. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were identified as the most abundant compounds. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) separated and identified forty PCs. The total phenolic content was quantified, reaching a value of 1839 mg/L. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was assessed, yielding a maximum value of 95.8%. These results underscore the substantial levels of PCs in OMW, highlighting the importance of economically utilizing this water.
GLP-1/GLP-1RAs: New Options for the Drug Treatment of NAFLD
Authors: Jiang Haoran , Zang Linquan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a global public health concern. Currently, the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and, if necessary, weight loss. However, compliance is a challenge, and this approach alone may not be sufficient to halt and treat the more serious disease development, so medication is urgently needed. Nevertheless, no medicines are approved to treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteropeptide hormone that inhibits glucagon synthesis, promotes insulin secretion, and delays gastric emptying. GLP-1 has been found in recent studies to be beneficial for the management of NAFLD, and the marketed GLP-1 agonist drugs have different degrees of effectiveness for NAFLD while lowering blood glucose. In this article, we review GLP-1 and its physiological roles, the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the correlation between NAFLD and GLP-1 signaling, and potential strategies for GLP-1 treatment of NAFLD.
Exploring a Gaming-Based Intervention for Unemployed Young Adults: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Straand Ingjerd Jevnaker , Følstad Asbjørn , Bjørnestad Jone Ravndal 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPromoting positive psychologies that promote resilience such as a growth mindset could be beneficial for young, unemployed adults, as many lack the self-esteem and self-efficacy to cope with job search adversity. These young people may be reached at scale through the web-based delivery of self-administered positive psychology interventions. However, past studies report unsatisfying user experiences and a lack of user engagement. A gaming-based experience could be an approach to overcoming these challenges.ObjectiveOur research objective was to explore how young, unemployed adults experience a positive psychology intervention designed as a game to extract learning and principles for future intervention research and development.MethodsTo respond to the research question, a team of researchers at the University of Stavanger worked with designers and developers to conceptualize and build a gaming-based intervention. Feedback from the users was collected through formative usability testing with 18 young adults in the target group. Retrospectively, recordings and notes were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis to extract learnings for the purposes of this paper.ResultsA total of 3 themes were identified that pinpoint what we consider to be key priorities for future gaming interventions for unemployed young adults: adaptation to user preferences (eg, need for responding to user preferences), empathic player interaction (eg, need for responsiveness to user inputs and a diverse set of interaction modes), and sensemaking of experience and context (eg, need for explicit presentation of game objectives and need for management of user expectations related to genre).ConclusionsFeedback from end users in usability-testing sessions was vital to understanding user preferences and needs, as well as to inform ongoing intervention design and development. Our study also shows that game design could make interventions more entertaining and engaging but may distort the intervention if the game narrative is not properly aligned with the intervention intent and objectives. By contrast, a lack of adaptation to user needs may cause a less motivating user experience. Thus, we propose a structured approach to promote alignment between user preferences and needs, intervention objectives, and gameplay.
Predicting Depression Risk in Patients With Cancer Using Multimodal Data: Algorithm Development Study
Authors: de Hond Anne , van Buchem Marieke , Fanconi Claudio , Roy Mohana , Blayney Douglas , Kant Ilse , Steyerberg Ewout , Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: January 2024

Background
Patients with cancer starting systemic treatment programs, such as chemotherapy, often develop depression. A prediction model may assist physicians and health care workers in the early identification of these vulnerable patients.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a prediction model for depression risk within the first month of cancer treatment.

Methods
We included 16,159 patients diagnosed with cancer starting chemo- or radiotherapy treatment between 2008 and 2021. Machine learning models (eg, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO] logistic regression) and natural language processing models (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers [BERT]) were used to develop multimodal prediction models using both electronic health record data and unstructured text (patient emails and clinician notes). Model performance was assessed in an independent test set (n=5387, 33%) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis to assess initial clinical impact use.

Results
Among 16,159 patients, 437 (2.7%) received a depression diagnosis within the first month of treatment. The LASSO logistic regression models based on the structured data (AUROC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.78) and structured data with email classification scores (AUROC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.78) had the best discriminative performance. The BERT models based on clinician notes and structured data with email classification scores had AUROCs around 0.71. The logistic regression model based on email classification scores alone performed poorly (AUROC 0.54, 95% CI 0.52-0.56), and the model based solely on clinician notes had the worst performance (AUROC 0.50, 95% CI 0.49-0.52). Calibration was good for the logistic regression models, whereas the BERT models produced overly extreme risk estimates even after recalibration. There was a small range of decision thresholds for which the best-performing model showed promising clinical effectiveness use. The risks were underestimated for female and Black patients.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated the potential and limitations of machine learning and multimodal models for predicting depression risk in patients with cancer. Future research is needed to further validate these models, refine the outcome label and predictors related to mental health, and address biases across subgroups.
Digital Phenotyping for Real-Time Monitoring of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ahn Chan-Young , Lee Jong-Sun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major global health concern. The limitations of traditional clinical and laboratory-based methodologies are recognized, and there is a pressing need to use novel approaches for the early detection and prevention of NSSI. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of basic knowledge of a descriptive nature on NSSI, including when, how, and why self-injury occurs in everyday life. Digital phenotyping offers the potential to predict and prevent NSSI by assessing objective and ecological measurements at multiple points in time.

Objective
This study aims to identify real-time predictors and explain an individual’s dynamic course of NSSI.

Methods
This study will use a hybrid approach, combining elements of prospective observational research with non–face-to-face study methods. This study aims to recruit a cohort of 150 adults aged 20 to 29 years who have self-reported engaging in NSSI on 5 or more days within the past year. Participants will be enrolled in a longitudinal study conducted at 3-month intervals, spanning 3 long-term follow-up phases. The ecological momentary assessment (EMA) technique will be used via a smartphone app. Participants will be prompted to complete a self-injury and suicidality questionnaire and a mood appraisal questionnaire 3 times a day for a duration of 14 days. A wrist-worn wearable device will be used to collect heart rate, step count, and sleep patterns from participants. Dynamic structural equation modeling and machine learning approaches will be used.

Results
Participant recruitment and data collection started in October 2023. Data collection and analysis are expected to be completed by December 2024. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.

Conclusions
The insights gained from this study will not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms of NSSI but also pave the way for the development of tailored and culturally sensitive treatment options that can effectively address this major mental health concern.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/53597
The Specialist Treatment of Inpatients: Caring for Diabetes in Surgery (STOIC-D Surgery) Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Intervention With an Electronic Specialist-Led Model of Diabetes Care
Authors: Barmanray Rahul D. , Kyi Mervyn , Colman Peter G. , Rowan Lois , Raviskanthan Mayurapriya , Collins Lucy , Donaldson Laura , Montalto Stephanie , Tsan Joshua , Sun Emily , Le Minh , Worth Leon J. , Thomson Benjamin , Fourlanos Spiros 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of early intervention with an electronic specialist-led “proactive” model of care on glycemic and clinical outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Specialist Treatment of Inpatients: Caring for Diabetes in Surgery (STOIC-D Surgery) randomized controlled trial was performed at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Eligible participants were adults admitted to a surgical ward during the study with either known diabetes or newly detected hyperglycemia (at least one random blood glucose result ≥11.1 mmol/L). Participants were randomized 1:1 to standard diabetes care or the intervention consisting of an early consult by a specialist inpatient diabetes team using electronic tools for patient identification, communication of recommendations, and therapy intensification. The primary outcome was median patient-day mean glucose (PDMG). The key secondary outcome was incidence of health care–associated infection (HAI).

RESULTS
Between 12 February 2021 and 17 December 2021, 1,371 admissions met inclusion criteria, with 680 assigned to early intervention and 691 to standard diabetes care. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The early intervention group achieved a lower median PDMG of 8.2 mmol/L (interquartile range [IQR] 6.9–10.0 mmol/L) compared with 8.6 mmol/L (IQR 7.2–10.3 mmol/L) in the control group for an estimated difference of −0.3 mmol/L (95% CI −0.4 to −0.2 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.0001). The incidence of HAI was lower in the intervention group (77 [11%] vs. 110 [16%]), for an absolute risk difference of −4.6% (95% CI −8.2 to −1.0, P = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONS
In surgical inpatients, early diabetes management intervention with an electronic specialist-led diabetes model of care reduces glucose and HAI.
Condylar position in correction of dentofacial deformities
Authors: Hase Michael P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The mandibular condyles are a reliable reference point for diagnosing soft and hard tissue disharmony of the face and dental structures. Ignoring the seated positron of the condyles may lead to derangements of the joint and relapse of treated malocclusion cases. Muscle releaseis required to record a reproducible condylar positron and a simple technique is described. Once the record is made, meaningful radiograms can be taken to demonstrate the true dentoskeletal deformity. The mounting of dental casts is more accurate if a resilient recording material is used rather than soft wax. This same record should be used when taking cephalometric radiograms to ensure there has been no pivoting of the mandible with luxation of one or both condyles from the fossae. True sagittal and horizontal plane disharmonies can be accurately diagnosed and hence treated if the mandibular condyles are in their seated position when the face and dentition are being evaluated.