bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kadec–Klee property with respect to the local convergence in measure of Orlicz–Lorentz spaces
Authors: Foralewski Paweł , Kończak Joanna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we find criteria for the Kadec–Klee property with respect to the local convergence in measure in both Orlicz–Lorentz spaces as well as their subspaces of order continuous elements. In the case of Orlicz norm, the presented results are new, whereas in the case of Luxemburg norm, we rely heavily on known results, which we show for the first time as a whole. Finally, we apply the obtained results to Orlicz spaces.
Berufsvorbereitung im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Rautenstrauch Hanne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn Bezug auf den Fachkräftemangel kommt Schüler:innen als künftigen Arbeitskräften eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Inwiefern fühlen sie sich durch ihren Unterricht darauf vorbereitet, einen chemiebezogenen Beruf zu ergreifen? Wie stark interessieren sich Schüler:innen am Ende der Sekundarstufe I für chemiebezogene Berufe? Eine Umfrage in Schleswig‐Holstein gibt einen Einblick.
Zucker elektrochemisch oxidieren
Authors: Beil Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFrüher war organische Elektrochemie selten selektiv und mit technischen Hürden verbunden, heute ist sie oft die einfachste Option, um Zucker zu oxidieren. Dabei ist sie wählerisch – denn eine der drei sekundären Hydroxygruppen von Glucosiden ist anders als die anderen.
Predischarge death or lung transplantation in tracheostomy and ventilator dependent grade 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Maynard Roy , Armstrong Madeline , O'Grady Katrin , Moore Brooke , Kurachek Stephen , Mallory George B. , Wheeler William 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPremature infants surviving beyond a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks with severe or grade 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) have significant predischarge mortality. The in‐hospital mortality for BPD supported by invasive mechanical ventilation beyond 36 weeks PMA is not well described. The role of lung transplantation in treating severe BPD is uncertain. We studied our experience over 20 years to better define the predischarge mortality of infants with progressive grade 3 BPD and whether lung transplant is a feasible intervention.MethodsData were obtained from a retrospective review of medical records from Children's Minnesota over a 20‐year period (1997–2016). Inclusion criteria included prematurity <32 weeks PMA, BPD, tracheostomy for chronic respiratory failure, and survival beyond 36 weeks PMA. Collected data included perinatal demographics, in‐hospital medications and interventions, level of respiratory support, and outcomes.ResultsIn all, 2374 infants were identified who survived beyond 36 weeks PMA with a diagnosis of <32 weeks gestation prematurity and BPD. Of these, 143/2374 (6.0%) survived beyond 36 weeks PMA and required invasive mechanical ventilation with subsequent tracheostomy for management. Among these patients, discharge to home with tracheostomy occurred in 127/143 (88.8%), and predischarge death or lung transplantation occurred in 16/143 (11.2%). Deteriorating cardiopulmonary status was associated with pulmonary hypertension, prolonged hypoxemic episodes and the need for deep sedation or neuromuscular relaxation. Three of four patients referred for lung transplantation had >5‐year survival, chronic allograft rejection, and mild to moderate developmental delays.ConclusionsChronic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for grade 3 BPD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. For selected patients and their families, timely referral for lung transplantation is a viable option for end‐stage grade 3 BPD. As in other infants receiving solid organ transplants, long‐term issues with co‐morbidities and special needs persist into childhood.
Clofazimine pharmacokinetics in HIV‐infected adults with diarrhea: Implications of diarrheal disease on absorption of orally administered therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Cindy X. , Conrad Thomas M. , Hermann David , Gordon Melita A. , Houpt Eric , Iroh Tam Pui‐Ying , Jere Khuzwayo C. , Nedi Wilfred , Operario Darwin J. , Phulusa Jacob , Quinnan Gerald V. , Sawyer Leigh A. , Barrett Lynn K. , Thole Herbert , Toto Neema , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Arnold Samuel L. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOral drug absorption kinetics are usually established in populations with a properly functioning gastrointestinal tract. However, many diseases and therapeutics can alter gastrointestinal physiology and cause diarrhea. The extent of diarrhea‐associated impact on drug pharmacokinetics has not been quantitatively described. To address this knowledge gap, we used a population pharmacokinetic modeling approach with data collected in a phase IIa study of matched human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults with/without cryptosporidiosis and diarrhea to examine diarrhea‐associated impact on oral clofazimine pharmacokinetics. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with 428 plasma samples from 23 HIV‐infected adults with/without Cryptosporidium infection using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Covariates describing cryptosporidiosis‐associated diarrhea severity (e.g., number of diarrhea episodes, diarrhea grade) or HIV infection (e.g., viral load, CD4+ T cell count) were evaluated. A two‐compartment model with lag time and first‐order absorption and elimination best fit the data. Maximum diarrhea grade over the study duration was found to be associated with a more than sixfold reduction in clofazimine bioavailability. Apparent clofazimine clearance, intercompartmental clearance, central volume of distribution, and peripheral volume of distribution were 3.71 L/h, 18.2 L/h (interindividual variability [IIV] 45.0%), 473 L (IIV 3.46%), and 3434 L, respectively. The absorption rate constant was 0.625 h−1 (IIV 149%) and absorption lag time was 1.83 h. In conclusion, the maximum diarrhea grade observed for the duration of oral clofazimine administration was associated with a significant reduction in clofazimine bioavailability. Our results highlight the importance of studying disease impacts on oral therapeutic pharmacokinetics to inform dose optimization and maximize the chance of treatment success.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Mapping Quantum Circuits to 2D Nearest‐Neighbor Architectures
Authors: Li Yangzhi , Liu Wen , Li Maoduo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, quantum computing is considered as a promising future computing paradigm. However, when implementing quantum circuits on a quantum device, it is necessary to ensure that quantum circuits satisfy nearest‐neighbor architecture constraints. When performing nearest‐neighbor architecture mapping for quantum circuits, it is inevitable to introduce SWAP gates, which will increase the overhead and reduce the fidelity. Therefore, it is crucial to complete the mapping with the minimum SWAP. In this paper, a 2D nearest‐neighbor architecture mapping method for quantum circuits is proposed based on deep reinforcement learning. In the initial mapping, an isomorphic graph initial mapping search algorithm is designed to quickly find the isomorphic graph between quantum circuit and architecture constraint graph. For quantum circuits without isomorphic graph mapping, the reordering algorithm of qubit impact factors is designed to obtain the initial placement position of qubits. In the SWAP gate addition, a qubit local reordering algorithm based on dueling deep‐Q‐network is designed to reduce SWAP gates. Experiments on the benchmark set B131 and IBM Q20 Tokyo verify that the proposed method can add fewer SWAP gates. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art method, the average running time is accelerated by 63.1%, and the average SWAP gates added are reduced by 24.7%.
To rebuild or not to rebuild in coastal flood zones: The effects of framing and partisan cues on public support
Authors: Palm Risa , Bolsen Toby , Kingsland Justin T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoastal storms are likely to increase in frequency and become even more damaging. An unresolved policy issue is whether current residents should receive federal subsidies through such programs as the Federal Flood Insurance Program or the FEMA disaster relief program that encourage thembe encouraged to rebuild in the same locations that have suffered damage through federal subsidies such as subsidized flood insurance or the FEMA disaster relief fund. This research investigated the impact that messages framed to either support or oppose such government assistance for rebuilding had on respondent opinion. We looked at opinion on not only the rebuilding itself but also other related subjects such as the economic and environmental impacts of rebuilding in situ. The research further looked at the ways in which attributing these messages to partisan sources affected response. We found that message frames either highlighting the benefits or the costs of rebuilding had a marked impact on public opinion and that partisan source cues played a smaller role. This issue of responsibility for rebuilding is likely to continue to become even more important as climate change puts even more coastal residents at risk.
ℋ∞ secure consensus of hidden Markov jump multi‐agent systems subject to DoS attacks and disturbance
Authors: Ding Pengcheng , Shen Hao , Xia Jianwei , Li Feng 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study investigates the secure consensus issue for Markov jump multi‐agent systems with denial‐of‐service attacks and disturbance. Considering that the mode of the system cannot be directly obtained in the actual situation, a detector is constructed to obtain the mode of the system indirectly with the help of the hidden Markov model. The network communications between agents are undirected, and denial‐of‐service attacks are encountered randomly and represented by a random variate obeying Bernoulli distribution. The reduced‐order decomposed system is obtained by the method of model reduction. On this basis, the Lyapunov stability theory is applied to derive some sufficient conditions to guarantee that the system achieves consensus with a stipulated performance index. Finally, a numerical example is employed to verify the validity of the proposed protocol.
Leveraging digital twin for autonomous docking of a container truck with stabilization control
Authors: Widyotriatmo Augie , Kuncara Ivan Adi , Amri Husnul , Hasan Agus , Nazaruddin Yul Yunazwin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the design, development, and implementation of a high‐precision autonomous docking control system for a container truck based on a digital twin approach. The digital twin is used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the physical truck and to design the controller by providing a virtual platform to test, validate, and optimize control strategies and algorithms before their deployment in the actual system. To this end, a cascade of a nonlinear observer and an unscented Kalman filter is used to estimate the state variables of the physical truck for point‐stabilization and orientation controls during the autonomous docking process. The docking motion involves two stabilization problems: point stabilization for smooth motion from the initial configuration to the docking slot, and orientation control to deliver the container truck to the final docking position with a margin of error of 5 cm for position and 0.0087 rad for orientation. The stability of both controllers is investigated, and simulations and experiments are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in a container terminal environment.
Construction of Mineralization Nanostructures in Polymers for Mechanical Enhancement and Functionalization
Authors: Lv Yuesong , Wang Yuyan , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMineralization capable of growing inorganic nanostructures efficiently, orderly, and spontaneously shows great potential for application in the construction of high‐performance organic–inorganic composites. As a thermodynamically spontaneous solid‐phase crystallization reaction involving dual organic and inorganic components, mineralization allows for the self‐assembly of sophisticated and exclusive nanostructures within a polymer matrix. It results in a diversity of functions such as enhanced strength, toughness, electrical conductivity, selective permeability, and biocompatibility. While there are previous reviews discussing the progress of mineralization reactions, many of them overlook the significant benefits of interfacial regulation and functionalization that come from the incorporation of mineralized structures into polymers. Focusing on different means of assembly of mineralized nanostructures in polymer, the work analyzes their design principles and implementation strategies. Then, their different advantages and disadvantages are analyzed by combining nanostructures with organic substrates as well as involving the basis of different functionalizations. It is anticipated to provide insights and guidance for the future development of mineralized polymer composites and their application designs.
Polymer ionogels and their application in flexible ionic devices
Authors: Wen Jinqiao , Zhou Lei , Ye Tengling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymer ionogel (PIG) is a new type of flexible, stretchable, and ion‐conductive material, which generally consists of two components (polymer matrix materials and ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents). More and more attention has been received owing to its excellent properties, such as nonvolatility, good ionic conductivity, excellent thermal stability, high electrochemical stability, and transparency. In this review, the latest research and developments of PIGs are comprehensively reviewed according to different polymer matrices. Particularly, the development of novel structural designs, preparation methods, basic properties, and their advantages are respectively summarized. Furthermore, the typical applications of PIGs in flexible ionic skin, flexible electrochromic devices, flexible actuators, and flexible power supplies are reviewed. The novel working mechanism, device structure design strategies, and the unique functions of the PIG‐based flexible ionic devices are briefly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of PIGs and their application are discussed.
Polyelectrolyte complex‐based thermochromic hydrogels containing carbonized polymer dots for smart windows with fast response, excellent solar modulation ability, and high durability
Authors: Wang Yuting , Fang Xu , Li Siheng , An Ni , Pan Hongyu , Sun Junqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThermochromic smart windows have gained increasing popularity in light modulation and energy management in buildings. However, the fabrication of flexible thermochromic smart windows with high luminous transmittance (Tlum), tailorable critical temperature (τc), strong solar modulation ability (ΔTsol), and long‐term durability remains a huge challenge. In this study, hydrogel‐based thermochromic smart windows are fabricated by sandwiching thermochromic hydrogels of polyallylamine hydrochloride, polyacrylic acid, and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) complexes between two pieces of transparent substrates. Benefiting from the incorporation of nanosized CPDs, the thermochromic hydrogel has an ultrahigh Tlum of ~98.7%, a desirable τc of ~24.2 °C, a ΔTsol of ~89.3% and a rapid transition time of ~3 s from opaque state to transparent state. Moreover, the thermochromic hydrogel exhibits excellent anti‐freezing ability, tight adhesion toward various substrates, and excellent self‐healing capability. The self‐healing capability enables the fabrication of large‐area smart windows by welding multiple hydrogel pieces. The smart windows retain their original thermochromic properties after being stored under ambient conditions for at least 147 days or undergoing 10,000 uninterrupted heating/cooling cycles. The model houses with smart windows can achieve a temperature reduction of 9.2 °C, demonstrating the excellent indoor temperature modulation performance of the smart windows.
A transcriptomics‐based investigation of the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by nickel oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Han , Yang Mengmeng , Li Kun , Gao Qing , Zheng Jinfa , Gong Xuefeng , Wang Hui , Sun Yingbiao , Chang Xuhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) are an emerging nanomaterial, which poses a huge threat to the health of workplace population. Nanoparticles induce pulmonary fibrosis, and its mechanisms are associated with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, ncRNAs and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks which involved in NiONP‐induced pulmonary fibrosis are still unclear. This study aimed to identify ncRNA‐related ceRNA networks and investigate the role of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with 0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg NiONPs twice a week for 9 weeks. First, we found there were 93 circularRNAs (circRNAs), 74 microRNAs (miRNAs), 124 long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 1675 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) differentially expressed through microarray analysis. Second, we constructed ceRNA networks among lncRNAs/circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs and identified two ceRNA networks (lncMelttl16/miR‐382‐5p/Hsd17b7 and circIqch/miR‐181d‐5p/Stat1) after real time‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) validation. Furthermore, based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, ncRNAs were found to be involved in biological processes and signaling pathways related to pulmonary fibrosis. KEGG analysis showed that NiONPs activated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in rats. In vitro, HFL1 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL NiONPs for 24 h. We found that NiONPs induced collagen deposition and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. Moreover, a blockade of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway alleviated NiONP‐induced collagen deposition. In conclusion, these observations suggested that ncRNAs were crucial in pulmonary fibrosis development and that the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway mediated the deposition of collagen.
Immuntherapie gegen Gliome
Authors: Sahm Katharina , Weiss Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gliome sind die häufigsten bösartigen primären Hirntumoren bei Erwachsenen. Trotz multimodaler Therapiekonzepte aus Chirurgie, Bestrahlung und Chemotherapie bleibt ihre Prognose schlecht und sie sind nicht heilbar. Neue Erkenntnisse über die Interaktionen zwischen Immunsystem und zentralem Nervensystem sowie bahnbrechende Ergebnisse bei anderen Krebserkrankungen haben dazu geführt, dass verschiedene immuntherapeutische Ansätze auch gegen Gliome untersucht und teilweise spezifisch entwickelt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand verschiedener immuntherapeutischer Konzepte gegen Gliome, einschließlich Vor- und Nachteilen sowie Herausforderungen. Zudem gibt er eine Übersicht über aktuell laufende Immuntherapiestudien in Deutschland und den Nachbarländern.

Ergebnisse
Bisherige randomisierte Studien zu anti-PD1-Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibition, Virustherapie sowie zur Peptidvakzinierung gegen die Variante III des epidermalen Wachstumsfaktors (EGFRvIII) beim Glioblastom waren negativ bez. eines Überlebensvorteils. Andere immuntherapeutische Ansätze wie multiepitop- oder treibermutationsbasierte Vakzinierungen, zytokinbasierte Therapien und Zelltherapien haben eine gute wissenschaftliche Grundlage und zumindest frühe Studien zur Sicherheit und pharmakodynamischen Wirkung am Tumor sind vielversprechend.

Diskussion
Immuntherapien gegen Gliome sollten derzeit nur im Rahmen von Studien angewendet werden. Es bestehen noch viele Wissenslücken hinsichtlich der Wirk- und Resistenzmechanismen verschiedener Immuntherapien. Begleitende translationale Forschung ist entscheidend, um diese Lücken zu schließen und effektivere Therapien zu entwickeln.
Pinacidil ameliorates cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting chaperone-mediated autophagy of calreticulin
Authors: Liu Muyin , Li Su , Yin Ming , Li Youran , Chen Jinxiang , Chen Yuqiong , Zhou You , Li Qiyu , Xu Fei , Dai Chunfeng , Xia Yan , Chen Ao , Lu Danbo , Chen Zhangwei , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCalcium overload is the key trigger in cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, and calreticulin (CRT) is a calcium buffering protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Additionally, the role of pinacidil, an antihypertensive drug, in protecting cardiac microcirculation against I/R injury has not been investigated. Hence, this study aimed to explore the benefits of pinacidil on cardiac microvascular I/R injury with a focus on endothelial calcium homeostasis and CRT signaling. Cardiac vascular perfusion and no-reflow area were assessed using FITC–lectin perfusion assay and Thioflavin-S staining. Endothelial calcium homeostasis, CRT–IP3Rs–MCU signaling expression, and apoptosis were assessed by real-time calcium signal reporter GCaMP8, western blotting, and fluorescence staining. Drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) assay was adopted to detect proteins that directly bind to pinacidil. The present study found pinacidil treatment improved capillary density and perfusion, reduced no-reflow and infraction areas, and improved cardiac function and hemodynamics after I/R injury. These benefits were attributed to the ability of pinacidil to alleviate calcium overload and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Moreover, the DARTS assay showed that pinacidil directly binds to HSP90, through which it inhibits chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degradation of CRT. CRT overexpression inhibited IP3Rs and MCU expression, reduced mitochondrial calcium inflow and mitochondrial injury, and suppressed endothelial apoptosis. Importantly, endothelial-specific overexpression of CRT shared similar benefits with pinacidil on cardiovascular protection against I/R injury. In conclusion, our data indicate that pinacidil attenuated microvascular I/R injury potentially through improving CRT degradation and endothelial calcium overload.
Uncertainty Quantification in Geostatistical Modelling of Saltwater Intrusion at a Coastal Aquifer System
Authors: Lino Pereira João , Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Karatzas George P. , Azevedo Leonardo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGroundwater resources in Mediterranean coastal aquifers are under several threats including saltwater intrusion. This situation is exacerbated by the absence of sustainable management plans for groundwater resources. Management and monitoring of groundwater systems require an integrated approach and the joint interpretation of any available information. This work investigates how uncertainty can be integrated within the geo-modelling workflow when creating numerical three-dimensional aquifer models with electrical resistivity borehole logs, geostatistical simulation and Bayesian model averaging. Multiple geological scenarios of electrical resistivity are created with geostatistical simulation by removing one borehole at a time from the set of available boreholes. To account for the spatial uncertainty simultaneously reflected by the multiple geostatistical scenarios, Bayesian model averaging is used to combine the probability distribution functions of each scenario into a global one, thus providing more credible uncertainty intervals. The proposed methodology is applied to a water-stressed groundwater system located in Crete that is threatened by saltwater intrusion. The results obtained agree with the general knowledge of this complex environment and enable sustainable groundwater management policies to be devised considering optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.