bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of an IgE epitope of glycinin A2 peptide chain
Authors: Li Yingying , Gao Yida , Wang Yichao , Duan Yuying , Fu Yang , Yang Huanhuan , Xi Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOne of the main allergens in soybeans is glycinin, which seriously impacts the normal lives of allergic people. Previous studies have confirmed that thermal processing and thermal processing combined with ultrahigh‐pressure processing could significantly reduce the antigenicity of glycinin. The dominant antigen region of acidic peptide chain A2 of G2 subunit was located by phage display experiment.METHODSIn this paper, overlapping peptides and alanine substitution techniques were used to explore the key amino acids that significantly affect the antigenicity of A2 peptide chain. The purity of peptide 1, peptide 2 and peptide 3 was identified by mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the results showed that the purity of the synthesized overlapping peptide was more than 90%. SDS‐PAGE showed that the peptide was successfully coupled with bovine serum albumin. The antigenicity of the coupling peptide was tested by ELISA and Dot‐Blot, and the allergenicity was detected by reacting with the serum of patients with soybean globulin allergy.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that peptide 3 has stronger antigenicity and sensitization. Alanine substitution technology allowed one to perform site‐directed mutagenesis on peptide 3. Dot‐Blot and ELISA tests showed that D259, E260, E261, Q263 and C266 may be the key amino acids that significantly affect the antigenicity of peptide 3. The research presented is of great significance for correctly guiding the production of safe food and preventing the occurrence of food allergic diseases. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A comparative study of static and fatigue performance of glass and basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Agrawal Mayank , Gupta Mohit , Durai Prabhakaran R T , Mahajan Puneet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work compares the tensile and fatigue behavior of unidirectional glass fiber/epoxy (GFRPs) and basalt fiber/epoxy (BFRPs) composites manufactured using vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM). The tensile and fatigue tests are performed, and results show that both GFRPs and BFRPs have very similar tensile behavior, whereas BFRPs perform better than the GFRPs in terms of fatigue life and degradation of properties, showing about 75 MPa more fatigue limit. The S–N curve shows that BFRPs resist fatigue failure and stiffness degradation due to their better interfacial adhesion. Fractographic observations reveal fatigue failure mechanisms of both BFRPs and GFRPs. From the regression analysis performed, an S–N curve was fitted with a model available in the literature, and regression parameters were calculated. Dynamic mechanical analysis of both BFRPs and GFRPs was performed to evaluate parameters like glass transition temperature, storage modulus, and loss modulus. From the findings of this research, BFRPs may be recommended as a suitable alternative to GFRPs.Highlights
This article compares the tension–tension fatigue properties of unidirectional GFRPs and BFRPs.
From the research work, the authors found that BFRPs perform better than GFRPs under fatigue loading.
The stiffness degradation behavior of GFRPs and BFRPs are studied and compared.
Scanning electron micrographs of fractured samples are used to observe fatigue failure mechanisms.
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed to determine the storage modulus, loss modulus, glass transition temperature, and damping coefficient (tanδ) for both composites.
Flexible carbon‐based fluoropolymer composites for effective EMI shielding and heat dissipation
Authors: Łapińska Anna , Grochowska Natalia , Filak Karolina , Dużyńska Anna , Polański Marek , Wyrębska Iwona , Jóźwik Paweł , Gołofit Tomasz , Dydek Kamil , Michalski Przemysław P. , Plichta Andrzej 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContemporary applications require protection against overheating and electromagnetic radiation interference, preferably with reduced mass and enhanced basic performance, such as flammability or chemical or UV resistance and often also low or non‐electrically conductive. Materials exhibiting all these functions can be designed, but there is usually not just one but several different materials with advanced processing requirements; therefore, a simple manufacturing method providing percolation path formation involving powder mixing and hot pressing of providing excellent flexibility terpolymer comprising tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride monomeric units (THV)‐based nanocomposites is presented here. The addition of the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) significantly improves the EMI shielding effectiveness, up to SETOT = 23 dB for the GNP filler, SETOT = 17 dB for the MWCNT/GNP filler per 1 mm samples thickness and enhances almost 900% the thermal conductivity to almost 2 W/mK per GNP filler. Besides this improvement, the electrical conductivity remains at a low level, not surpassing 1.5 S/cm, which is, as mentioned above, beneficial in many applications, especially thermal management. Moreover, the proposed material is an excellent alternative to flexible foam or sponges.Highlights
Structural, electrical, EMI shielding, and thermal properties of flexible THV/GNP, THV/MWCNT, and THV/MWCNT/GNP nanocomposites are shown here.
The oriented, long as over 1 mm filler paths are observed.
The GNP filler provides the best thermal conductivity enhancement of over 800% compared to bare polymer.
The EMI shielding effectiveness is dominated by absorption for all THV‐based nanocomposites.
The electrical conductivity follows the power law, reaching σ = 1.49 S/cm for GNP‐filled nanocomposites.
Enhancing bending performance in 3D woven spacer composites with lightweight biomimetic integrated double‐spacer structure
Authors: Yang Chunbing , Lu Zhenqian , Chen Long , Zheng Liangang , Zhou Bangze , Yang Xiaori , Wang Ruijie , Wang Chunxia , Xu Fujun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional woven spacer composites (3DWSCs) with lightweight and excellent mechanical properties have promising application in communication, transportation, aerospace and other fields. However, traditional single‐layer 3DWSCs exhibit insufficient strength, especially when dealing with high thickness, as the pile yarns tend to buckle. In this study, inspired by the structural features of the Thalia dealbata, 3D woven integrated double‐layer glass fiber/epoxy resin spacer composites by mimicking were fabricated. Innovative integrated double‐layer structure design effectively improves the performance and failure mode of 3DWSCs under bending loads. Compared to single‐layer 3DWSCs, the resulting double‐layer 3DWSCs exhibited a 41.79% increase in peak bending load, a 46.85% increase in bending stiffness, and a 99.38% increase in energy absorption. In addition, the double‐layer 3DWSCs showed a low density of 0.52–0.55 g/cm3. This work introduces bioinspired double‐layer 3DWSCs with characteristics of lightweight and superior bending performance, potentially offering novel ideas for the design of high‐performance composites.Highlights
Inspired by the structural features of the Thalia dealbata, a 3D integrated woven double‐layer glass fiber/epoxy resin spacer composites by mimicking were fabricated.
3D woven double‐layer spacer composites are lightweight (0.52–0.55 g/cm3) and can effectively improve the bending properties of single‐layer structures.
Based on the analysis of the fracture morphology, the significant improvement of the fracture pattern of the single‐layer structure by the double‐layer structure is effectively demonstrated.
This study introduces novel design strategies for multi‐layer lightweight composite materials and holds broad applications.
Functional production and biochemical investigation of an integral membrane enzyme for olefin biosynthesis
Authors: Murugan Subhashini , Iqbal Tabish , Das Debasis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegral membrane enzymes play essential roles in a plethora of biochemical processes. The fatty acid desaturases (FADS)‐like superfamily is an important group of integral membrane enzymes that catalyze a wide array of reactions, including hydroxylation, desaturation, and cyclization; however, due to the membrane‐bound nature, the majority of these enzymes have remained poorly understood. UndB is a member of the FADS‐like superfamily, which catalyzes fatty acid decarboxylation, a chemically challenging reaction at the membrane interface. UndB reaction produces terminal olefins that are prominent biofuel candidates and building blocks of polymers with widespread industrial applications. Despite the great importance of UndB for several biotechnological applications, the enzyme has eluded comprehensive investigation. Here, we report details of the expression, solubilization, and purification of several constructs of UndB to achieve the optimally functional enzyme. We gained important insights into the biochemical, biophysical, and catalytic properties of UndB, including the thermal stability and factors influencing the enzyme activity. Additionally, we established the ability and kinetics of UndB to produce dienes by performing di‐decarboxylation of diacids. We found that the reaction proceeds by forming a mono‐carboxylic acid intermediate. Our findings shed light on the unexplored biochemical properties of the UndB and extend opportunities for its rigorous mechanistic and structural characterization.
Paediatric Sweet's Syndrome with Pulmonary Involvement Triggered by Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Emergent Total Abdominal Colectomy with Literature Review
Authors: Alzahrani Fatmah , Tolson Hannah , Dupuy Elizabeth , Price Harper 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterised by the acute onset of erythematous papules or plaques and a constellation of symptoms including fever, leucocytosis, and histopathology demonstrating nodular, pustular, or diffuse infiltrate of neutrophils with marked papillary oedema. SS can be a manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and often coincides with periods of disease flares. Only a few cases of SS associated with ulcerative colitis are reported in the literature, and no cases have involved pulmonary manifestations in the paediatric population. We present a case of a 14-year-old girl presenting with new onset ulcerative colitis requiring emergent colectomy with subsequent development of pulmonary SS. Treatment consisted of intravenous and oral corticosteroids and dapsone. SS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of prolonged fever with cutaneous involvement and systemic symptoms. Special consideration should be given to paediatric patients with extracutaneous manifestations, particularly pulmonary involvement.
Loop Integration Techniques and Special Functions
Authors: Badger Simon , Henn Johannes , Plefka Jan Christoph , Zoia Simone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we introduce methods for evaluating Feynman loop integrals. We introduce basic methods such as Feynman and Mellin parametrisations, and present a number of one-loop examples. Working in dimensional regularisation, we discuss ultraviolet and infrared divergences. We then introduce special functions encountered in loop calculations and discuss their properties. Focusing on their defining differential equations, we show how the symbol method is a useful tool for keeping track of functional identities. We then connect back to Feynman integrals by showing how differential equations can be effectively used to read off the special functions appearing in them. In particular, we discuss residue-based methods that streamline such computations.
Geodesic vectors and flat totally geodesic subalgebras of six-dimensional filiform metric Lie algebras
Authors: Abbas Sameer Annon , Figula Ágota 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA nilpotent Lie algebra $$\mathfrak {n}$$
n
equipped with an Euclidean inner product is called nilpotent metric Lie algebra. In this paper we describe the sets of the geodesic vectors and the flat totally geodesic subalgebras of the six-dimensional filiform metric Lie algebras. In this class with the exception of the metric Lie algebras corresponding to the standard filiform Lie algebra the flat totally geodesic subalgebras of every metric Lie algebra have dimension at most two.
Can green hydrogen production be used to mitigate ocean deoxygenation? A scenario from the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Wallace Douglas W. R. , Jutras Mathilde , Nesbitt William A. , Donaldson Adam , Tanhua Toste 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOcean deoxygenation and expansion and intensification of hypoxia in the ocean are a major, growing threat to marine ecosystems. Measures currently used to protect marine biodiversity (e.g., marine protected areas) are ineffective in countering this threat. Here, we highlight the example of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada, where oxygen loss is not only due to eutrophication (which can be mitigated by nutrient controls) but also is a consequence of ocean circulation change and warming. Climate-related loss of oxygen will be an increasingly widespread source of risk to marine biodiversity over this century. Again using the Gulf of St. Lawrence as an example, we show that production of oxygen by the green hydrogen industry can be comparable to the loss rate of dissolved oxygen on large spatial scales, offering new possibilities for mitigation. However, this mitigation approach has rarely been considered for marine environments to date. Given confluence of increasing risk to marine ecosystems from oxygen loss and rapid emergence, worldwide, of industrial sources of pure oxygen, which are likely to be located in coastal regions, we believe this option will be proposed increasingly in coming years, including by the private sector. We argue that it is urgent for ocean scientists, engineers, and policymakers to recognize and address this emerging potential. A coordinated research effort should be established immediately in order to harness the potential of the green hydrogen industry to mitigate major impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity, and avoid any unintended negative consequences.
Pneumoprotein CC16 in the Umbilical Cord Blood of Preterm Neonates
Authors: Rallis Dimitrios , Papathanasiou Aimilia Eirini , Christou Helen 
Published: December 2023

Objective We examined the impact of perinatal factors on cord serum club cell protein (CC16) and the association of CC16 with mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study including 60 neonates born with gestational age (GA) < 34 weeks. The impact of categorical perinatal factors on cord blood levels of CC16 was examined with univariate and multivariate regression analyses.
Results In neonates with GA < 32 weeks, cord blood CC16 concentrations were significantly lower compared to neonates with GA between 320/7 and 336/7 weeks (5.4 ± 2.5 compared to 7.6 ± 2.9 ng/mL, p = 0.039). Neonates with prolonged rupture of membranes had significantly lower CC16 compared to those without prolonged rupture of membranes (4.0 ± 1.9 compared to 7.2 ± 2.2, p < 0.001). Finally, neonates with BPD had significantly lower CC16, compared to neonates without BPD (4.2 ± 2.1 compared to 7.0 ± 2.2 ng/mL, p = 0.004).Prolonged rupture of membranes was significantly negatively associated with CC16 (b = −2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.49 to −4.85, p = 0.017), after adjusting for GA (b = 0.23, 95% CI 0.03–0.42, p = 0.022), mode of conception, and mode of delivery. Finally, higher CC16 levels were significantly inversely associated with BPD (odds ratio = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.88, p = 0.028), after adjusting for GA (b = 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.78, p = 0.015), and birth weight.
Conclusion Prolonged rupture of membranes was significantly negatively associated with cord serum CC16, after adjusting for GA, conception, and delivery mode, and CC16 was significantly inversely associated with BPD, after adjusting for GA and birth weight.
Key Points
RR Lyrae from binary evolution: abundant, young, and metal-rich
Authors: Bobrick Alexey , Iorio Giuliano , Belokurov Vasily , Vos Joris , Vučković Maja , Giacobbo Nicola 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
RR Lyrae are a well-known class of pulsating horizontal branch stars widely used as tracers of old, metal-poor stellar populations. However, mounting observational evidence shows that a significant fraction of these stars may be young and metal-rich. Here, through detailed binary stellar evolution modelling, we show that all such metal-rich RR Lyrae can be naturally produced through binary interactions. Binary companions of these RR Lyrae stars formed through binary interactions partly strip their progenitor’s envelopes during a preceding red giant phase. As a result, stripped horizontal branch stars become bluer than their isolated stellar evolution counterparts and thus end up in the instability strip. In contrast, in the single evolution scenario, the stars can attain such colours only at large age and low metallicity. While binary-made RR Lyrae can possess any ages and metallicities, their Galactic population is relatively young (1 – $9\, {\rm Gyr}$) and dominated by the thin disc and the bulge. We show that Galactic RR Lyrae from binary evolution are produced at rates compatible with the observed metal-rich population and have consistent G-band magnitudes, Galactic kinematics, and pulsation properties. Furthermore, these systems dominate the RR Lyrae population in the solar neighbourhood. We predict that all metal-rich RR Lyrae have an A, F, G, or K-type companion with a long orbital period ($P \gtrsim 1000\, {\rm d}$). Observationally characterizing the orbital periods and masses of such stellar companions will provide valuable new constraints on mass and angular momentum-loss efficiency for Sun-like accretors and the nature of RR Lyrae populations.
Harnessing generative AI to decode enzyme catalysis and evolution for enhanced engineering
Authors: Xie Wen Jun , Warshel Arieh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Enzymes, as paramount protein catalysts, occupy a central role in fostering remarkable progress across numerous fields. However, the intricacy of sequence-function relationships continues to obscure our grasp of enzyme behaviors and curtails our capabilities in rational enzyme engineering. Generative artificial intelligence (AI), known for its proficiency in handling intricate data distributions, holds the potential to offer novel perspectives in enzyme research. Generative models could discern elusive patterns within the vast sequence space and uncover new functional enzyme sequences. This review highlights the recent advancements in employing generative AI for enzyme sequence analysis. We delve into the impact of generative AI in predicting mutation effects on enzyme fitness, catalytic activity and stability, rationalizing the laboratory evolution of de novo enzymes, and decoding protein sequence semantics and their application in enzyme engineering. Notably, the prediction of catalytic activity and stability of enzymes using natural protein sequences serves as a vital link, indicating how enzyme catalysis shapes enzyme evolution. Overall, we foresee that the integration of generative AI into enzyme studies will remarkably enhance our knowledge of enzymes and expedite the creation of superior biocatalysts.
Evolution of Chronic Lesion Tissue in RRMS patients: An association with disease progression
Authors: Klistorner Samuel , Barnett Michael H , Parratt John , Yiannikas Con , Klistorner Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis study examines the long-term changes in Chronic Lesion Tissue (CLT) among relapsing and remitting MS (RRMS) patients, focusing on its impact on clinical and radiological disease progression indicators.MethodsThe study involved 72 MS patients with at least a 5-year follow-up. Annual assessments used 3D FLAIR, pre- and post-contrast 3D T1, and diffusion-weighted MRI. Lesion segmentation was conducted using iQ-MSTMsoftware, while brain structures were segmented using AssemblyNet. Volumetric changes in CLT were tracked using a custom-designed pipeline.ResultsThroughout the follow-up period, the volume of CLT in the entire cohort increased continuously and steadily, averaging 7.75±8.2% or 315±465 mm³ per year. Patients with expanding CLT experienced significantly faster brain atrophy, affecting both white and grey matter, particularly in the brain’s central area. Expanded CLT was also associated with higher and worsening EDSS scores, in contrast to the stable CLT group, where EDSS remained unchanged.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that, over a period of up to 7 years, patient-specific enlargement of CLT, where present, progresses at a constant rate and significantly influences disease progression.
AncestryGrapher toolkit: Python command-line pipelines to visualize global– and local– ancestry inferences from the RFMix2 software
Authors: Lisi Alessandro , Campbell Michael C. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTSummaryAdmixture is a fundamental process that has shaped patterns of genetic variation and the risk for disease in human populations. Here, we introduce the AncestryGrapher toolkit for visualizing inferred global– and local– ancestry by theRFMix v.2software. Currently, there is no straightforward method to summarize population ancestry results fromRFMixanalysis.ResultsTo demonstrate the utility of our method, we applied the AncestryGrapher toolkit to the output files ofRFMixv.2 to visualize the global and local ancestry of individuals in the Mozabite Berber population from North Africa. Our results showed that the Mozabite Berbers derived their ancestry from the Middle East, Europe, and sub-Saharan Africa (global ancestry). Furthermore, we found that the population origin of ancestry varied considerably along chromosomes. More specifically, we observed variance in ancestry along chromosome 2 (local ancestry), in the genomic region containing the common genetic polymorphisms associated with lactase persistence, a trait known to be under strong positive selection. This finding indicates that the demographic process of admixture has influenced patterns of allelic variation in addition to natural selection. Overall, the AncestryGrapher toolkit facilitates the exploration, interpretation, and reporting of ancestry patterns in human populations.Availability and implementationThe AncestryGrapher toolkit is free and open source onhttps://github.com/alisi1989/RFmix2-Pipeline-to-plot.