bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attributions of cause and recurrence in long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Stewart D.E. , Cheung A.M. , Duff S. , Wong F. , McQuestion M. , Cheng T. , Purdy L. , Bunston T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWomen are bombarded with information about the purported causes and the prevention of breast cancer. This survey sought to determine to what women survivors of breast cancer attributed the cause and lack of recurrence of their breast cancer, and whether these views were associated with specific health behaviors.Methods: Women who had survived breast cancer without recurrence for at least 2 years were surveyed by mail about their views on the cause and lack of recurrence of their breast cancer. They were also asked to estimate their personal risk of cancer recurrence, report on their health behaviors, describe what advice they would give to women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, and what they would change if they had to relive their breast cancer experience.Results: 378 (75.6%) women breast cancer survivors responded who had been recurrence free for a mean of 8.6±11.8 years. Women (n=322) who responded to the question about the cause of breast cancer attributed it to stress (42.2%), genetics (26.7%), environment (25.5%), hormones (23.9%), don't know (16.5%), diet (15.5%), and breast trauma (2.8%). Women (n=330) who responded to the question about what prevented cancer recurrence attributed it to positive attitude (60.0%), diet (50.0%), healthy lifestyle (40.3%), exercise (39.4%), stress reduction (27.9%), prayer (26.4%), complementary therapies (11.2%), don't know (5.1 %), luck (3.9%), and tamoxifen (3.9%). Most women felt their recurrence risk was average (44.8%), or below average (35.8%). Some attributions of breast cancer cause or lack of recurrence were associated with specific health behaviors. The majority of women survivors would advise other women with breast cancer to be positive, and if they had to relive their cancer experience they would take more control of their treatment.Discussion: Despite lack of evidence substantiating stress as a cause of breast cancer, many breast cancer survivors believed stress caused their cancer. An even higher percentage of survivors believed their positive attitude had prevented breast cancer recurrence and they would advise other women with breast cancer accordingly. Attribution beliefs clearly affected survivors' health behaviors.Conclusion: Healthcare providers should consider the personal beliefs of patients about cancer cause and recurrence, which may be at variance with scientific evidence. This may assist in framing the management of patients in personally meaningful ways, which may increase health behaviors, adherence, satisfaction and quality of life. Whether it will increase survival remains unknown. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling spacing distances of sorted stripes in a low‐latitude, alpine environment (Cordillera Real, 16 °S, Bolivia)
Authors: Francou Bernard , Méhauté Nicolas Le , Jomelli Vincent 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA total of 1500 spacing distances of sorted stripes were measured on 30 alpine sites in the Bolivian Andes with distinct slope angles, elevations and aspects. Additionally, the geometric evolution of stripes was systematically analysed along a slope with varying inclinations and morphology. We dealt with mainly small‐sized stripes (<40 cm). The scatter observed in the distribution of spacing distances suggests that the factors controlling the geometry of sorted stripes are complex. Among them, we point out the role of slope inclination and coarse sediment supply. They imply that stripe geometry does not depend exclusively on processes operating in soils such as frost heaving and sorting, but also on the dynamics of the flux of coarse materials along the sloping surface. This analysis questions models which assume that sorted stripes are organized according to a strict periodicity whose origin depends on specific physical processes. Particularly, it appears that recent convective models cannot explain the characteristics and the evolution of patterned slopes in this environment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase I randomized, multicenter trial of CPX in adult subjects with mild cystic fibrosis*
Authors: McCarty Nael A. , Standaert Thomas A. , Teresi Mary , Tuthill Cynthia , Launspach Janice , Kelley Thomas J. , Milgram Laura J.H. , Hilliard Kathleen A. , Regelmann Warren E. , Weatherly Mark R. , Aitken Moira L. , Konstan Michael W. , Ahrens Richard C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCPX (8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine) is a novel compound currently under development as a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). The drug has been shown to increase chloride efflux and CFTR trafficking in vitro in CF airway cells. This phase I multicenter, single‐dose, placebo‐controlled trial was performed at four institutions. Thirty‐seven subjects homozygous for the ΔF508 allele were studied in an escalating dose protocol of seven single‐dose cohorts (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1,000 mg) to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of CPX. Efficacy was determined using nasal transepithelial potential difference and sweat chloride measurements prior to dosing and at 1, 2, and 4 hr postdose.The incidence of adverse events in the treatment group was similar to that with placebo, indicating safety of the single doses studied. One serious adverse event (an acute pulmonary exacerbation) occurred 13 days after dosing, and was not considered related to the study drug. The maximal plasma CPX concentration and total amount of CPX absorbed appeared to be linearly related to dose, but was highly variable throughout the dose range studied, suggesting inconsistent absorption. There was no apparent effect of single‐dose administration on either nasal transepithelial potential difference or sweat chloride measurements.The positive safety and pharmacokinetic findings of this study support continued development of CPX as a potential therapeutic for CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:90–98. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of high‐frequency chest wall oscillation and oscillating positive expiratory pressure in the home management of cystic fibrosis: A pilot study*
Authors: Oermann Christopher M. , Sockrider Marianna M. , Giles Don , Sontag Marci K. , Accurso Frank J. , Castile Robert G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnhanced airway clearance is thought to result in better‐maintained pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF). Postural drainage, percussion, and vibration (PDPV) have been the primary airway clearance technique (ACT) employed in CF for over 40 years. Two new airway clearance modalities are high‐frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) and oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP). This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of these techniques during home use, assess patient satisfaction with them as compared to PDPV, and assess the feasibility of performing a definitive comparative trial. The prospective, randomized, multicenter crossover trial was conducted at three urban academic CF Care Centers. Twenty‐nine CF patients, 9–39 years of age, participated. Subjects performed 4 weeks each of HFCWO and OPEP following 2‐week lead‐in/washout periods. Spirometry, lung volumes, National Institutes of Health and Petty Scores, and a satisfaction survey were performed at baseline and after each treatment period. An ACT preference survey was completed at the conclusion of the study.Twenty‐four subjects completed both therapies. There were no statistically significant differences between therapies for spirometry, lung volumes, or clinical scores. No significant safety issues arose during the study period. Compliance between therapies was similar. Significant differences among therapies existed in patient satisfaction. Given a choice of therapy, 50% of subjects chose HFCWO, 37% OPEP, and 13% PDPV.This study suggests that HFCWO and OPEP are safe and as effective as patients' routine therapies when used for airway clearance in a home setting. Patient satisfaction and preference differ among ACTs and should be considered when prescribing home therapy. A definitive, multi‐center, comparative study evaluating long‐term efficacy of these techniques is feasible. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:372–377. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human prostate epithelial cell‐type cDNA libraries and prostate expression patterns
Authors: Liu Alvin Y. , Nelson Peter S. , van den Engh Ger , Hood Leroy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDTranscriptome analysis is a powerful approach to uncovering genes responsible for diseases such as prostate cancer. Ideally, one would like to compare the transcriptomes of a cancer cell and its normal counterpart for differences.METHODSProstate luminal and basal epithelial cell types were isolated and cell‐type‐specific cDNA libraries were constructed. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones generated 505 luminal cell genes and 560 basal cell genes. These sequences were deposited in a public database for expression analysis.RESULTSFrom these sequences, 119 unique luminal expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were extracted and assembled into a luminal‐cell transcriptome set, while 154 basal ESTs were extracted and assembled into a basal‐cell set. Interlibrary comparison was performed to determine representation of these sequences in cDNA libraries constructed from prostate tumors, PIN, cell lines.CONCLUSIONSOur analysis showed that a significant number of epithelial cell genes were not represented in the various transcriptomes of prostate tissues, suggesting that they might be underrepresented in libraries generated from tissue containing multiple cell types. Although both luminal and basal cell types are epithelial, their transcriptomes are more divergent from each other than expected, underscoring their functional difference (secretory vs. nonsecretory). Tumor tissues show different expression of luminal and basal genes, with perhaps a trend towards expression of basal genes in advanced diseases. Prostate 50: 92–103, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrated graphical analysis of protein sequence features predicted from sequence composition
Authors: Sonnhammer Erik L.L. , Wootton John C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral protein sequence analysis algorithms are based on properties of amino acid composition and repetitiveness. These include methods for prediction of secondary structure elements, coiled‐coils, transmembrane segments or signal peptides, and for assignment of low‐complexity, nonglobular, or intrinsically unstructured regions. The quality of such analyses can be greatly enhanced by graphical software tools that present predicted sequence features together in context and allow judgment to be focused simultaneously on several different types of supporting information. For these purposes, we describe the SFINX package, which allows many different sets of segmental or continuous‐curve sequence feature data, generated by individual external programs, to be viewed in combination alongside a sequence dot‐plot or a multiple alignment of database matches. The implementation is currently based on extensions to the graphical viewers Dotter and Blixem and scripts that convert data from external programs to a simple generic data definition format called SFS. We describe applications in which dot‐plots and flanking database matches provide valuable contextual information for analyses based on compositional and repetitive sequence features. The system is also useful for comparing results from algorithms run with a range of parameters to determine appropriate values for defaults or cutoffs for large‐scale genomic analyses. Proteins 2001;45:262–273. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Major venom allergen of yellow jackets, Ves v 5: Structural characterization of a pathogenesis‐related protein superfamily
Authors: Henriksen Anette , King Te P. , Mirza Osman , Monsalve Rafaél I. , Meno Kåre , Ipsen Henrik , Larsen Jørgen N. , Gajhede Michael , Spangfort Michael D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVes v 5 is one of three major allergens found in yellow‐jacket venom: phospholipase A1 (Ves v 1), hyaluronidase (Ves v 2), and antigen 5 (Ves v 5). Ves v 5 is related by high amino acid sequence identity to pathogenesis‐related proteins including proteins from mammals, reptiles, insects, fungi, and plants. The crystal structure of Ves v 5 has been solved and refined to a resolution of 1.9 Å. The majority of residues conserved between the pathogenesis‐related proteins can be rationalized in terms of hydrogen bonding patterns and hydrophobic interactions defining an α‐β‐α sandwich core structure. A small number of consensus residues are solvent exposed (including two adjacent histidines) and located in an elongated cavity that forms a putative active site. The site has no structural resemblance to previously characterized enzymes. Homologous antigen 5's from a large number of different yellow jackets, hornets, and paper wasps are known and patients show varying extents of cross‐reactivity to the related antigen 5's. The structure of Ves v 5 allows a detailed analysis of the epitopes that may participate in antigenic cross‐reactivity, findings that are useful for the development of a vaccine for treatment of insect allergy. Proteins 2001;45:438–448. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Windbreaks as a pesticide drift mitigation strategy: a review
Authors: Ucar Tamer , Hall Franklin R 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of natural and artificial barriers to mitigate pesticide drift from agricultural and forest applications is discussed. This technique has been considered as an alternative to current methods at a time when environmental concerns are under great public scrutiny. There has been a variety of research experiments on this subject from New Zealand to The Netherlands which have documented reductions in spray drift of up to 80–90%. However, there are still enormous data gaps to utilize this method accurately. The aerodynamic factors of wind barriers and shelter effects on crop growth and yield have been well investigated. In contrast, some of the important aspects of drift mitigation, eg porosity and turbulence, have been difficult to obtain and no standard methodologies are currently available to evaluate and classify windbreaks and shelterbelts or to determine their efficiency in reducing drift. Thus there is a significant opportunity to incorporate windbreaks into the tool set of drift mitigation tactics. Government policies, initiatives, legislation, etc, which currently address water quality, BMP, stewardship, buffers, etc, are issues which so far have not included windbreaks as a valuable drift mitigation strategy.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of some granular insecticides currently used for the treatment of maize crops (Zea mays) on the survival of inoculated Azospirillum lipoferum
Authors: Revellin Cécile , Giraud Jean‐Jacques , Silva Noemi , Wadoux Patrick , Catroux Gérard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour insecticides, carbofuran, chlormephos, terbufos and benfuracarb, currently used on maize (Zea mays) at sowing, were tested for their compatibility with Azospirillum lipoferum strain CRT1 used as an inoculant to improve maize growth and yield. The growth or survival of A lipoferum was studied in the presence of the insecticides: (1) in liquid and solid cultures of the bacteria, (2) when a commercial inoculant (Azogreen‐m™, Liphatech, Meyzieu, France) was inoculated directly on insecticide granules, (3) when inoculated Azogreen‐m granules were mixed with insecticide granules and (4) when inoculated Azogreen‐m granules were delivered separately to the seed bed. Of the four insecticides tested, only terbufos had a slight effect on growth of A lipoferum in solid cultures. All the insecticides decreased the survival of A lipoferum when the bacteria were inoculated directly on to the granules, or when inoculated Azogreen‐m granules were mixed with an insecticide. We hypothesize that the discrepancies between bacterial culture tests and survival studies might be explained by the conditions of desiccation encountered during inoculation of the granules. Desiccation stress could increase the toxic effect of the insecticides. We therefore suggest including desiccation stress in the biotest used to assess inoculant‐pesticide compatibility.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Antibacterial activity ofAilanthus excelsa(Roxb)
Authors: Shrimali Meenakshi , Jain D. C. , Darokar M. P. , Sharma R. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of different fractions of a methanol extract obtained from the dried stem bark ofAilanthus excelsa(Roxb) was studied using different bacterial strains. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited the growth of all test bacteria. The MIC of the EA fraction was found to be 6 mg/disc. Copyright ­© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatoprotective activity of indigtone—a bioactive fraction from Indigofera tinctoria Linn.
Authors: Singh B. , Saxena A. K. , Chandan B. K. , Bhardwaj V. , Gupta V. N. , Suri O. P. , Handa S. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA bioactive fraction, indigtone (FA), obtained by fractionation of a petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of Indigofera tinctoria, showed significant dose related hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats and mice. Hexobarbitone induced ‘sleeptime’, zoxazolamine induced ‘paralysis time’, levels of transaminases, bilirubin and total protein in serum were employed as indices of liver injury. Pre and post treatment with FA significantly reversed the majority of the parameters altered by the hepatotoxin. This indicated the preventive and restorative effect of FA in the process of CCl4 induced liver damage. The fraction possessed a high therapeutic ratio, as no mortality was observed up to a dose of 2 g/kg p.o. in mice. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An anomaly detection technique based on a chi‐square statistic for detecting intrusions into information systems
Authors: Ye Nong , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn intrusion into an information system compromises its security (e.g. availability, integrity and confidentiality) through a series of events in the information system. Intrusive events often show departures (anomalies) from normal events in an information system. This paper presents an anomaly detection technique based on a chi‐square statistic. This technique builds a profile of normal events in an information system—a norm profile computes the departure of events in the recent past from the norm profile and detects a large departure as an anomaly—a likely intrusion. This technique was tested for its performance in distinguishing normal events from intrusive events in an information system. The test results demonstrated the promising performance of this technique for intrusion detection in terms of a low false alarm rate and a high detection rate. Intrusive events were detected at a very early stage. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line reliability estimation for individual components using statistical degradation signal models
Authors: Chinnam Ratna Babu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWith very few exceptions, most contemporary reliability engineering methods are geared towards estimating a population characteristic(s) of a system, subsystem or component. The information so extracted is extremely valuable for manufacturers and others that deal with product in relatively large volumes. In contrast, end users are typically more interested in the behavior of a ‘particular’ component used in their system to arrive at optimal component replacement or maintenance strategies leading to improved system utilization, while reducing risk and maintenance costs. The traditional approach to addressing this need is to monitor the component through degradation signals and ‘classifying’ the state of a component into discrete classes, say ‘good’, ‘bad’ and ‘in‐between’ categories. In the event, one can develop effective degradation signal forecasting models and precisely define component failure in the degradation signal space, then, one can move beyond the classification approach to a more vigorous reliability estimation and forecasting scheme for the individual unit. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of such an approach using ‘general’ polynomial regression models for degradation signal modeling. The proposed methods allow first‐order autocorrelation in the residuals as well as weighted regression. Parametric bootstrap techniques are used for calculating confidence intervals for the estimated reliability. The proposed method is evaluated on a cutting tool monitoring problem. In particular, the method is used to monitor high‐speed steel drill‐bits used for drilling holes in stainless‐steel metal plates. A second study involves modeling and forecasting fatigue‐crack‐growth data from the literature. The task involved estimating and forecasting the reliability of plates expected to fail due to fatigue‐crack‐growth. Both studies reveal very promising results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural modeling and magnetostructural correlations for heterobinuclear Cu(II)–Ni(II) complex
Authors: Bi Siwei , Liu Chengbu , Zhang Changqiao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe magnetostructural correlation of model Cu(II)–Ni(II) heterobinuclear complexes was studied by using the broken symmetry approach within the framework of density functional theory. The antiferromagnetic coupling interaction is weakened with the decrease of the dihedral angle between the plane O1CuO2 and the plane O1NiO2 in the core moiety CuO1O2Ni of the model from 180 to 125°, in agreement with the experimental results. The ferromagnetic behavior was also predicted theoretically with dihedral angle less than 125°. The magnetic coupling interaction is reinforced with the increase of the bond angle CuONi. The relationship between the magnetic coupling interaction and the spin density localized on the magnetic centers or on the bridging O atoms was investigated. The bond angle CuONi for the model with lowest energy was determined and the theoretical value (104°) is a little more than the experimental value (99°). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Growth hormone abuse in the horse: preliminary assessment of a mass spectrometric procedure for IGF‐1 identification and quantitation
Authors: de Kock Schalk S. , Rodgers John P. , Swanepoel Beatrix C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) is a promising marker for the detection of growth hormone (GH) abuse in the horse. The significant increases observed with GH administration in comparison to natural levels imply the possibility of setting a threshold level for IGF‐1 that would be indicative of GH abuse. Although an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) has been identified as a reliable screening method, a more specific IGF‐1 quantification method needs to be developed for the prosecution of GH abuse by horseracing authorities. This study describes such an HPLC electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) method that was developed and then assessed for the specific analysis of IGF‐1 at the low levels encountered in serum. The structural identity of IGF‐1 was confirmed by endoproteinase Asp‐N digestion followed by LC/MS and LC/MS/MS characterisation. This was followed by quantification of IGF‐1 as the intact molecule against an internal standard. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.