bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Authority and Limitations of Polls
Authors: Miller Peter V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first two parts of this book have examined how public opinion relates to public policy. The measurement of public opinion through polls or other means is crucial to understanding the relationship. This section explores a variety of issues in measuring public opinion, focusing mainly on aspects of polling methodology. The warrant for relying on public opinion polls in policymaking and evaluation rests largely on the claim that polling methods produce more accurate representations of public sentiment than do other sources of information. Scientific opinion polls (unlike other forms of expression that give voice to the most opinionated, the best organized, or the most readily accessible members of the public) involve statistical designs to represent the views of all segments of society. And, unlike other methods of understanding public opinion, scientific polls gather information in ways that permit replication and error measurement. Probability sampling methods, along with standardized opinion measurement procedures, are the foundation for polls’ special claim on knowledge of the public will.
Psychological Assessment in Primary Care
Authors: Linton John C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The roles that psychologists assume with primary care clinicians vary from setting to setting (Ben-dell-Estroff & Bernal, 2001). Psychologists can be integral members of the primary care practice with a full-time office on site, they can consult with primary care clinicians on a regular basis from an off-site office, or they can take referrals from pri-mary care settings for treatment in clinics or pri-vate offices. They bring a wide variety of profes-sional skills to the primary care setting in each of these roles, and one unique and important skill is psychological assessment (Rozensky, Sweet, & Tovian, 1997).
Syntactic Heads and Word Formation
Authors: Julien Marit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marit Julien investigates the relation between morphology and syntax, or more specifically, the relation between the form of inflected verbs and the position of those verbs. She surveys 530 languages and shows that, with the exception of agreement markers, the positioning of verbal inflectional markers relative to verb stems is compatible with a syntactic approach to morphology.
Introduction: An Overview of the Work
Authors: Julien Marit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The topic of this book is the formation of morphologically complex words. That is, it deals with the mechanisms of grammar that may cause two or more of the minimal meaningful elements of language-the morphemes-to be combined into one single word. The claim that will be developed in much more detail in the following chapters is that word formation is mainly a matter of syntax. That is, the basic building blocks of syntax are individual morphemes, not words, and it is the syntax that determines the order of morphemes within each complex word, in very much the same way as it determines the order of words in phrases and sentences.
Drives and Explanations
Authors: Schulkin Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A fundamental feature of our condition is our curiosity, our exploration of events. We are driven, for a variety of reasons, to represent the world around us; representations lie at the heart of our evolution. But it is often not just representations divorced from action. The information-processing systems are up close and personal, not in the sense that the mechanisms are subject to introspection, but that visceral information predominates. As one cognitive scientist rightly has put it, “As visceral factors intensify, they focus attention and motivation” (Loewenstein, 1996, p. 273). The recognition of discrepant events, as I pointed out in previous chapters, is a heuristic that pervades information processing in the brain, including the organization of motivated behaviors. While the detection of discrepant events underlies the sense of the beautiful and the mundane, it also underlies the regulatory and the basic physiological behaviors (e.g., sodium cravings). Cognitive resources are required in trying to understand our surroundings and to forge a coherent world in which to move, in which to decide, and in which to act.
Journalism and Its Troubles
Authors: Gans Herbert J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a profession, journalism views itself as supporting and strengthening the roles of citizens in democracy. Many individual journalists undoubtedly feel the same way, reflecting the ideals of their profession but in addition, informing citizens so they can play their democratic roles is the journalists’ work and source of income as well. However, journalists are employed professionals working for mainly commercial news media that try to supply what the news audience will accept and what advertisers will pay for. Much of the audience is interested in keeping up with the news rather than being politically involved citizens. These and other facts of everyday journalism complicate the profession’s pursuit of its ideals. In addition, journalists have their own troubles, and are confronting their own disempowerment. Theirs differs from that of the citizenry’s because it is accompanied by a degree of professional downward mobility, brought on in part by a recent decline in usefulness. During the 1960s and 1970s, the civil rights revolution, the war in Vietnam, the antiwar protests and marches, the ghetto disorders, the Watergate scandal, and the Cold War overall, supplied the journalists with a series of major national stories that attracted a sizeable audience, and at times a greatly interested one.
Bilingual Semantic and Conceptual Representation
Authors: Francis Wendy S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The question of whether and to what extent semantic or conceptual representations are integrated across languages in bilinguals has led cognitive psychologists to generate over 100 empirical reports. The terms semantic and conceptual are compared, contrasted, and distinguished from other levels of representation, and terms used to describe language integration are clarified. The existing literature addressing bilingual episodic and semantic memory at the level of semantic systems and at the level of the translation-equivalent word pair is summarized. This evidence strongly favors shared semantic systems and shared semantic/conceptual representation for translation equivalents.
Clearing the Cobwebs From the Study of the Bilingual Brain: Converging Evidence From Laterality and Electrophysiological Research
Authors: Vaid Jyotsna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Investigations of neuropsychological functioning in multiple language users offer much promise in answering questions originating from cognitive as well as bio-logical approaches to language. These include questions about the neural concomitants of bilingual lexical functioning, age of onset of bilingualism, degree of proficiency, and degree of overlap in language structure. There is by now a sizable body of experimental literature on the bilingual brain, including studies that have employed laterality procedures, electrophysiological measures, and hemodynamic measures. To date, few systematic attempts have been made to integrate findings from these different sources of evidence.
The Symbolic Transformation of American Capital Punishment
Authors: Zimring Franklin E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Stunning Demonstration of the great gulf that has opened between the United States and other Western nations on the death penalty occurred in March 2002, as the U.S. Justice Department was deciding to seek the death penalty in its prosecution of a French national of Moroccan descent named Zacarias Moussaoui. The American government had alleged that Moussaoui was to have been “the twentieth hijacker” on September 11, 2001. This conspirator was prevented from filling out the five-person team on United Airlines flight 73 that crashed in Pennsylvania only because he was confined in jail for visa violations. The U.S. government wished to treat this defendant as fully accountable for the program of mass destruction. It sought both a death penalty and the cooperation of the French government in making its case against Moussaoui.
A Delicate Ear, a Retentive Memory, and the Power to Weld the Fragments
Authors: Tracy Steven C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When European composer Antonin Dvorak came to America as director of the National Conservatory of Music in 1892, he brought with him a profound interest in the potential ties for music on American soil. In fact, just six weeks before he and his family left Bohemia for America, he began his cantata The American Flag, opus 102. This interest, of course, reflected Dvořák’s artistic aesthetic. His emphasis on how Romantic, particularly nationalistic, issues influenced the artistry of the classical composer, and by extension the literary artist as well, is borne out in his late nineteenth-century pronouncements concerning the nature and future of the American school of music as it would emerge in the twentieth century.
Ralph Ellison’s Politics of Integration
Authors: Jackson Lawrence P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an essay called “‘.As White as Anybody’: Race and the Politics of conting as Black,” the literary critic Ken Warren has askedr or not we ought to continue to count Ellison as a Negro or lack writer” (714). Warren makes his claim unaudaciously and it is suggestive to consider that a significant-arguably the significant-professional achievement for black American writers is the suspension of their ethnicity. Contemporary biology has dismissed the logic of racial essence, but social determinations of the racial situation continue to make the suspension or temporary erasure of blackness an achievement of consequence. While the goal here is not perhaps to become white (in fact, an argument could be made that transferring racial positions would make the result meaningless), the shift in basic assumptions that occurs when a ‘black” writer can shake off the burden of race and publish as a “writer” continues to afford important cultural power and legitimacy. William Faulkner bluntly recognized this process in 1955. He said to an audience in Japan, “Ellison has talent and so far he has managed to stay away from being first a Negro; he is still first a writer.” Faulkner’s comment was considered an unambiguous measure of praise; it was used on Ellison’s book jackets as advertisement.
Advances in Psychopharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics
Authors: Miller Alexander L , M. Lynn Crismon , Hall Catherine S , Baker C Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses three aspects of the field of psychopharmacology that, directly or indirectly, have a very large impact on the design and delivery of mental health services to the seriously and persistently mentally ill population. In each area we will highlight the evidence and considerations that should be helpful to policy planners and administrators as they organize systems of care and deal with physicians and consumers.
Financial Management in Public Mental Health Services: A Strategic and Operational Approach
Authors: Sorensen James E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Should you read this chapter? It is tempting to skip a chapter on financial management because the topic smacks of dollars and cents and not of more attractive and exciting issues such as clients, services, and treatment outcomes. The temptation may be fatal. No organization (mental health or otherwise) survives successfully without effective financial management. Great ideas about mental health must work out financially or they are not likely to work out at all. You do not have to be a financial wizard to understand the basic tools of financial management-tools that ultimately govern your ability to acquire, allocate, and account for resources.
Life Evolving
Authors: de Duve Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In just a half century, humanity has made an astounding leap in its understanding of life. Now, one of the giants of biological science, Christian de Duve, discusses what we've learned in this half century, ranging from the tiniest cells to the future of our species and of life itself. With wide-ranging erudition, de Duve takes us on a dazzling tour of the biological world, beginning with the invisible workings of the cell, the area in which he won his Nobel Prize. He describes how the first cells may have arisen and suggests that they may have been like the organisms that exist today near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Contrary to many other scientists, he argues that life was bound to arise and that it probably only took millennia--maybe tens of thousands of years--to move from rough building blocks to the first organisms possessing the basic properties of life. With equal authority, De Duve examines topics such as the evolution of humans, the origins of consciousness, the development of language, the birth of science, and the origin of emotion, morality, altruism, and love. He concludes with his conjectures on the future of humanity--for instance, we may evolve, perhaps via genetic engineering, into a new species--and he shares his personal thoughts about God and immortality. In Life Evolving, one of our most eminent scientists sums up what he has learned about the nature of life and our place in the universe. An extraordinarily wise and humane volume, it will fascinate readers curious about the world around them and about the impact of science on philosophy and religion.
Taxis, Trains, And Sidewalks Navigating the ADA’s Mass Transit Provisions
Authors: O’Brien Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The stories by Hockenberry and Kriegel reveal the tremendous frustrations felt by persons with disabilities using public transportation. For Kriegel, navigating his chair along New York City sidewalks is perilous, though not as tough as facing the bureaucrats who explain why so little is done to remedy the poor conditions that face persons with disabilities. Meanwhile, John Hockenberry not only conveys his immense aggravation with taxi drivers who routinely pass him by because of the effort they would have to expend putting his chair in the trunk, but he also describes a venture into the subway with the aid of no ramps or elevators. Hockenberry takes on both the drivers and mass transit, proving that despite the odds and the architectural obstacles, he can do it, if only once.
Sovereignty
Authors: Stewart Jean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
First off, I should tell you that Zoe’s heart is fine. There’s a bunch of other things that are not fine, not one bit fine, but Zoe’s heart is not on that list. She sailed through both surgeries, the long-ago one and now this recent one, and it seems like now her heart is stronger than ever. I tell you this up front so you won’t pester me—”Forget about all that, what about her heart?”—while I’m trying to tell you about this other stuff. I mean, I’m the president of her fan club, so don’t go thinking I played my violin while Rome was in flames.
Territorial Disputes Federalism, the Fourteenth Amendment, and Persons with Disabilities
Authors: O’Brien Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stewart’s character Zoe and O’Brien faced similar difficulties when they asked that semipublic or public places provide them with reasonable accommodations. Officials told them that they could not receive these accommodations because they fall outside the reach of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The hospital did not believe that it needed to give Zoe a sign language interpreter. As a semipublic state agency, the hospital might well have immunity from a federal law. Similarly, while O’Brien receives help from the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, the officials serving her insist that this help should not be misconstrued as a reasonable accommodation. Federal institutions need not follow federal law. The Library of Congress has no legal obligation to make the Manuscript Division accessible. This chapter explores the paradox that federalism—especially in its newest form, which emphasizes state immunity—poses for the enactment of the ADA.
Do Vitamin C and Other Antioxidants Benefit Health? Using Observational and Experimental Studies to Test Medical Hypotheses
Authors: Jenkins Stephen H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linus Pauling was a creative and prolific chemist who was awarded two Nobel Prizes: the Chemistry Prize in 1954 for fundamental work on the structure of molecules and the Peace Prize in 1963 for articulating the dangers of nuclear proliferation. He might have become the only person to receive three Nobels if he had beaten Watson and Crick in deducing the structure of DNA. Late in his long life, Pauling became a proponent of the multiple health benefits of large daily doses of vitamin C. I remember hearing Pauling lecture about vitamin C to a large and enthusiastic audience at the University of Nevada, Reno, in 1985, when he was 84 years old.
Can Police Dogs Identify Criminal Suspects by Smell? Using Experiments to Test Hypotheses about Animal Behavior
Authors: Jenkins Stephen H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We know from our everyday experience with pets that animals have different sensory abilities than humans. In many cases, it’s obvious that these sensory abilities far exceed our own. Even the most casual observers, for example, would soon realize that their dogs live in a world dominated by odors and that they can detect and distinguish odors unknown to the owners. Indeed, some of the most fascinating stories in biology involve the discovery of specialized sensory abilities in particular types of animals that are totally lacking in humans.
1775–1776 “To Die Freemen Rather Than to Live Slaves”
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By mid-summer 1774, London knew that an American congress was about to meet. It also knew that the Coercive Acts had provoked outrage across the length and breadth of the colonies and that yet another provincial boycott was virtually inevitable. Some in the North government had suspected that war was unavoidable when the Coercive Acts were passed. Others, notably Lord Dartmouth, hoped against hope for peace. He expressed a willingness to negotiate with the American Congress if it “should chalk out any reasonable line of accommodation, or make any moderate or temperate proposal.” Lord North expected nothing and called parliamentary elections in the autumn, hoping to solidify his base for the bold steps, whether for peace or war, that his government would face.
1783–1787 “The Present Paroxysm of Our Affairs”
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On August 9, 1782, in the dismaying swelter of a late summer afternoon, word reached Philadelphia that peace negotiations had begun in Paris between the United States and Great Britain. One year had passed, almost to the day, since Washington and Rochambeau had set out with their armies for Yorktown.
1790–1793 “Prosperous at Home, Respectable Abroad”
Authors: Ferling John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, who had just turned thirty-two, worked tirelessly each day in the autumn of 1789 to complete his Report on Public Credit by the January deadline set by Congress. The First Congress thought its principal objective was to solve the national debt problems. It had lavished money on the Treasury Department, providing Hamilton with funds to hire a comptroller and an assistant secretary, as well as thirty clerks, eight times the number that either the State or War Department employed. The Treasury clerks conducted research for their boss, but Hamilton alone shaped his recommendations, often working deep into the chilly fall nights in his tiny, sparsely furnished office, seated at a plain pine table covered with a green cloth.
Landon Carter’S uneasy kingdom
Authors: Isaac Rhys 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Landon Carter, a Virginia planter patriarch, left behind one of the most revealing of all American diaries. In this astonishingly rich biography, Rhys Isaac mines this remarkable document--and many other sources--to reconstruct Carter's interior world as it plunged into revolution. The aging patriarch, though a fierce supporter of American liberty, was deeply troubled by the rebellion and its threat to established order. His diary, originally a record of plantation business, began to fill with angry stories of revolt in his own little kingdom. Carter writes at white heat, his words sputtering from his pen as he documents the terrible rupture that the Revolution meant to him. Indeed, Carter felt in his heart he was chronicling a world in decline, the passing of the order that his revered father had bequeathed to him. Not only had Landon's king betrayed his subjects, but Landon's own household betrayed him: his son showed insolent defiance, his daughter Judith eloped with a forbidden suitor, all of his slaves conspired constantly, and eight of them made an armed exodus to freedom. The seismic upheaval he helped to start had crumbled the foundations of Carter's own home. Like Laurel Ulrich in her classic A Midwife's Tale, Rhys Isaac here unfolds not just the life, but the mental world of our countrymen in a long-distant time. Moreover, in this presentation of Landon Carter's passionate narratives, the diarist becomes an arresting new character in the world's literature, a figure of Shakespearean proportions, the Lear of his own tragic kingdom. This long-awaited work will be seen both as a major contribution to Revolution history and a triumph of the art of biography.
Rapid Assessment Strategies for Public Health: Promise and Problems
Authors: Trotter Robert T , Singer II ＆ Merrill 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are going through a period of increased institutional enthusiasm for rapid ethnographic assessment in both the national and international public health arenas. Rapid assessment is being actively promoted as a direct, fast, easy, and community-controlled process that will solve crucial time sensitive problems for HIV and AIDS programs in both developing countries and hard-to-reach populations in the developed world. This chapter discusses rapid ethnographic assessment in HIV research. Nearly 15 years of application have produced successes along with concerns and some partial-to-complete failures. The chapter takes a critical look at the most recent design and application of HIV related rapid ethnographic assessment and provides a model and examples of the key points of failure of rapid-assessment programs. The perspective developed in the chapter is that rapid assessment offers a potentially valuable approach for effective, community/researcher collaboration in applied AIDS research.
Floral Integration, Modularity, and Accuracy: Distinguishing Complex Adaptations from Genetic Constraints
Authors: Armbruster W Scott , Pelabon Christophe , Hansen Thomas F , Mulder Christa P H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The origin of flowers is clearly one of the most important “key innovations” in the history of plant evolution. In addition to representing a number of functional advancements over the reproductive structures of nonflowering plants, flowers are modular organs that usually express limited variation within populations and yet huge variation among species and higher taxa. This variation in floral traits has fascinated evolutionary biologists since at least Darwin’s time. Because flowers are highly evolved structures that interact in complex but analyzable ways with pollinators, they make ideal study systems for the evolutionary analysis of morphology, integration, and modularity. In this chapter we address the functional significance of floral integration and modularity, focusing particularly on the role of integration in the evolution of accuracy and precision of pollination, as compared across three different study systems.