bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheelchair Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a National Sample
Authors: Clarke Philippa , Colantonio Angela 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTOlder adults are the largest group of wheelchair users yet there are no peer-reviewed studies on the national profile of older wheelchair users in Canada. We investigated the characteristics of wheelchair users in a national sample of community-dwelling older adults from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA-2). Questions on the use of assistive technology were asked of 5395 Canadians (over 64), and 4.6 per cent reported using a wheelchair. Logistic regression was used to model the factors associated with wheelchair use. Controlling for age, gender, and cognitive impairment, older adults who reported greater dependence in basic self-care and instrumental activities of daily living were more likely to use a wheelchair. However, the effects of self-care dependence on wheelchair use varied by gender, with men more likely than women to use wheelchairs with increasing self-care dependence. The number of chronic health conditions and being unmarried also increased the odds of wheelchair use. This paper quantifies the risk of wheelchair use according to critical factors that can be used to project use and plan for services.The data reported in this paper were collected as part of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. The core study was funded by the Seniors' Independence Research Program, through the National Health Research and Development Program (NHRDP) of Health Canada (project no. 6606-3954-MC[S]). Additional funding was provided by Pfizer Canada Incorporated through the Medical Research Council/Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Canada Health Activity Program, NHRDP (project no. 6603-1417–302[R]), Bayer Incorporated, and the British Columbia Health Research Foundation (projects no. 38[93-2] and no. 34[96-1]). The study was coordinated through the University of Ottawa and the Division of Aging and Seniors, Health Canada. Additional funds for the preparation of this manuscript were made available from the Opportunities Fund of the M-THAC Research Unit (from Medicare to Home and Community) at the University of Toronto, and from a post-doctoral fellowship awarded to the first author by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Facteurs associés à la consommation de courte et de longue durée des benzodiazépines chez les personnes âgées du Québec
Authors: Fortin Dany , Préville Michel , Ducharme Claire , Hébert Réjean , Allard Jacques , Grégoire Jean-Pierre , Trottier Lise , Bérard Anick 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn Quebec, benzodiazepines are some of the most extensively used drugs by the elderly. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with short- and long-term benzodiazepine use among 2,039 elderly persons having participated in the Quebec Health Survey conducted in 1998. Results of the multivariate, multinomial logistic regression showed that a higher number of chronic health problems, a higher number of physicians visited and general practitioners consulted were associated with short- and long-term use of benzodiazepines. Factors specifically associated with long-term use were female gender (OR=1.84) and the presence of benzodiazepine users in the household (OR=1.90). In this study, we were unable to show a difference between the two groups of users with regards to the risk factors studied. This result leads us to conclude that prevention of long-term use must be aimed at all new benzodiazepine users.
F. Michael GlothIII (Ed.). Handbook of Pain Relief in Older Adults: An Evidence-Based Approach. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004.
Authors: Gibson Margaret C. 
Published: August 2005

RÉSUMÉL'objectif, tel qu'il est énoncé dans le Handbook of Pain Relief in Older Adults: An Evidence-Based Approach, est d'aller au-delà des simples preuves scientifiques et de tenir compte du contexte sociopolitique dans lequel la science médicale est (ou n'est pas) mise au service des patients ayant des douleurs. Ce the`me revient sans cesse dans la majeure partie du texte. Un deuxième thème omniprésent est qu'il est possible de soulager la douleur chez la majorité des patients, si on laisse de côté les considérations sociopolitiques qui dictent les services associés à la douleur. Dans le livre, on passe en revue les preuves étayant les stratégies de traitements pharmacologiques, d'intervention, de réadaptation et de prise en charge de la douleur, puis on parle de leur mise en oeuvre dans les soins de santé offerts aux personnes âgées. Les soins de longue durée, qui représentent un contexte particulier en raison de la forte prépondérance des personnes âgées, sont examinés en détail. Ce livre porte sur l'aspect sensibilisation et sur les aspirations, et contient des idées provocatrices, ce qui le rend intéressant et formateur. Il faut noter que le texte est accessible en version électronique (eBook)/assistant numérique personnel (PDA), pour ceux qui préfèrent ce moyen de transmission de l'information.
Unit Manager's Role with Family Members of Clients in Complex Continuing Care Settings: An Untold Story
Authors: Guruge Sepali , McGilton Katherine , Yetman Linda , Campbell Heather , Librado Ruby , Bloch Lois , Ladak Salima 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTMost literature on staff-family relationships has come from studies of long-term care settings, has focused mainly on the families' perspectives on factors affecting their relationships with staff, and has included scant findings from the staff's perspective. No studies that examined staff-family relationships in complex continuing care (CCC) environments from the perspective of staff were found in the literature. A qualitative study that draws on a grounded theory approach was conducted to explore staff-family relationships in CCC, and the findings presented in this article illuminate the unit manager's role. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nine unit managers and a follow-up focus group with five unit managers who work in three CCC facilities. Three categories reflecting the unit manager's role with family members of clients in CCC settings were derived: establishing supportive entry; building and preserving relationships; and closing the loop. Implications of the findings for practice and future research are presented.
Evaluation of the Restorative Care Education and Training Program for Nursing Homes
Authors: Johnson C. Shanthi Jacob , Myers Anita M. , Jones Gareth R. , Fitzgerald Clara , Lazowski Darien-Alexis , Stolee Paul , Orange J.B. , Segall Nicole , Ecclestone Nancy A. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTRestorative care attempts to break the cycle of dependency and functional decline in nursing homes by addressing individual resident needs. The Restorative Care Education and Training (RCET) Program consists of a five-week workshop and resource manual for both supervisory and direct care staff. This paper describes the RCET approach and presents the implementation, process, and quasi-experimental outcome evaluation findings with 42 residents from six intervention sites and six “wait-list” facilities who received usual care. Baseline data supported the fact that staff primarily targeted residents with substantial functional impairments. Over four months, residents who received restorative care improved significantly on several functional outcome indicators, while the comparison sample declined in several areas of functioning. Interviews with facility directors and participating staff provided direction for modifying the RCET and insight regarding opportunities and challenges when implementing restorative care activities in nursing homes.
Dimensions of Grandparent-Adult Grandchild Relationships: From Family Ties to Intergenerational Friendships
Authors: Kemp Candace L. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the growing demographic phenomenon of grandparent–adult grandchild relationships from the perspectives of both generations. Drawing on qualitative life-history interviews (n= 37), this research explores the subjective meanings of the relationship, as well as the experiences of being grandparents and adult grandchildren. Despite tremendous diversity in grandparent–adult grandchild relationships, including differences among and between generations, both groups in this study view one another positively and conceptualize their ties as personally and existentially meaningful. They classify their relationships as a distinct family tie centred on unconditional love, mutual support, respect, and obligation. A number of individuals also discuss their grandparent–adult grandchild relationships as friendships, involving mutual trust, shared confidences, and personal choice. Overall, this research suggests that grandparent-grandchild relationships often grow more profound and meaningful as grandparents and grandchildren age, move through the life course, and experience life events.
J. Mantel and J. Funke-Furber. Forgotten Revolution: The Priory Method – A Restorative Care Model for Older Persons. Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2003.
Authors: Perry JoAnn 
Published: August 2005

RÉSUMÉLes auteurs passent en revue les progrès les plus novateurs en soins de longue durée au Canada dans le livre Forgotten Revolution. À partir d'entrevues et de documents historiques, les auteurs racontent comment Vera McIver, avec le soutien de l'administration et du personnel, a élaboré un modèle en soins de rétablissement. Ce modèle, qui se veut une réflexion sur l'art et la science nécessaires pour fournir des soins aux personnes âgées, révèle comment un milieu vraiment thérapeutique peut favoriser chez une personne la capacité à avoir une vie intéressante, même en vivant en établissement de soins prolongés. Les résidents ont appris à devenir plus actifs, à s'engager et à jouer un rôle plus important dans l'ensemble de la collectivité.
Care-Receiver and Caregiver Assessments of Functioning: Are There Gender Differences?
Authors: Shaver Julie C. , Allan Diane E. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTIn situations where care-receivers cannot respond to questions about their functional status, caregiver proxies are often substituted. Yet studies addressing caregiver-care-receiver agreement remain limited in scope, focusing primarily on cognitive functioning and caregiver relationship. This study broadens the range of research in this area by examining caregiver and care-receiver reports of individual IADL and AADL items by gender of care-receiver. As well, the degree to which the care-receiver's age and mental and physical health status influence agreement are investigated. Data for this study come from a sample of 388 Manitoba older adults aged 65 and over. Results (using Cohen's kappa) suggest less agreement on the presence of disability for men than for women, particularly among those aged 75–84. Differences by health status were also revealed. The implications of the findings for assessments of functioning are considered.
Understanding Barriers to Continence Care in Institutions
Authors: Tannenbaum Cara , Labrecque Danielle , Lepage Christiane 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThis work seeks to identify factors that facilitate or diminish care-providers' propensity to improve continence care in long-term care (LTC) settings. We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study using focus group methodology in four long-term care institutions in Montreal, QC. Forty-two nurses, nursing assistants, and orderlies caring for incontinent elderly residents were asked how they perceived urinary incontinence (UI), how it was being managed, and what factors enabled or hindered continence care in their institution. Content analysis was used. Facilitating and inhibiting elements of three individual/internal factors (beliefs about UI, attitudes towards the elderly, and knowledge about UI) and five institutional/external factors (workload demands, type of patient, environmental support, co-worker support, and attributes of UI interventions) emerged as important determinants of care-providers' propensity to manage UI. To be successful, continence programs must target multidimensional elements that take into account personal, systems, and organizational level factors.
A Comparison of the Behavioural and Emotional Characteristics of Alzheimer's Dementia in Individuals with and without Down Syndrome
Authors: Temple Valerie , Konstantareas M. Mary 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTThe behavioural and emotional changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are compared for individuals with Down syndrome and AD and individuals with AD from the general population (AD-only). The primary caregivers of 30 people with Down syndrome and AD and 30 people with AD-only completed the BEHAVE-AD and the Apathy subscale of the CERAD. As well, behavioural observations at adult day programs were undertaken with selected participants (n= 26). The Down syndrome group experienced fewer delusions and had lower total scores on the BEHAVE-AD, indicating fewer problem behaviours overall. Day program observations suggested that the AD-only group were more likely to be sedentary and observe the activities of others, while the Down syndrome group were more physically active. Improving our understanding of the similarities and differences between these two groups may help facilitate the integration of individuals with Down syndrome into adult day programs for the general population.
Amores Prohibidos: The Consequences of the Clash of Juridical Norms in Sixteenth Century Peru
Authors: Ramirez Susan Elizabeth 
Published: August 2005

Laws make criminals.Lao-tzu, Chinese Philosopher(circa sixth century B.C.E.)Fundamental to the establishment of Spanish colonial power in America was the formation of a system of laws and the invention or extension of institutions needed to implement them. In Peru, a more systematic imposition of Spanish regulation began in the 1540s with the introduction of the New Laws (1542), which were directed to the west coast of South America in 1543 by the first appointed Viceroy, the ill-fated peninsular noble, thecaballero(gentleman) Blasco Nuñez Vela.
Using Progenitor Strain Information to Identify Quantitative Trait Nucleotides in Outbred Mice
Authors: Yalcin B , Flint J , Mott R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We have developed a fast and economical strategy for dissecting the genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci at a molecular level. The method uses two pieces of information: mapping data from crosses that involve more than two inbred strains and sequence variants in the progenitor strains within the interval containing a quantitative trait locus (QTL). By testing whether the strain distribution pattern in the progenitor strains is consistent with the observed genetic effect of the QTL we can assign a probability that any sequence variant is a quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN). It is not necessary to genotype the animals except at a skeleton of markers; the genotypes at all other polymorphisms are estimated by a multipoint analysis. We apply the method to a 4.8-Mb region on mouse chromosome 1 that contains a QTL influencing anxiety segregating in a heterogeneous stock and show that, under the assumption that a single QTN is present and lies in a region conserved between the human and mouse genomes, it is possible to reduce the number of variants likely to be the quantitative trait nucleotide from many thousands to &lt;20.
Polymorphisms in Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase (CCR) Are Associated With Variation in Microfibril Angle in Eucalyptus spp.
Authors: Thumma Bala R , Nolan Maureen F , Evans Robert , Moran Gavin F 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping using natural populations results in higher resolution of marker-trait associations compared to family-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies. Depending on the extent of LD, it is possible to identify alleles within candidate genes associated with a trait. Analysis of a natural mutant in Arabidopsis has shown that mutations in cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR), a key lignin gene, affect physical properties of the secondary cell wall such as stiffness and strength. Using this gene, we tested whether LD mapping could identify alleles associated with microfibril angle (MFA), a wood quality trait affecting stiffness and strength of wood. We identified 25 common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the CCR gene in Eucalyptus nitens. Using single-marker and haplotype analyses in 290 trees from a E. nitens natural population, two haplotypes significantly associated with MFA were found. These results were confirmed in two full-sib families of E. nitens and Eucalyptus globulus. In an effort to understand the functional significance of the SNP markers, we sequenced the cDNA clones and identified an alternatively spliced variant from the significant haplotype region. This study demonstrates that LD mapping can be used to identify alleles associated with wood quality traits in natural populations of trees.
Mcm10 Is Required for the Maintenance of Transcriptional Silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liachko Ivan , Tye Bik K 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Mcm10 is an essential protein that participates in both the initiation and the elongation of DNA replication. In this study we demonstrate a role for Mcm10 in the maintenance of heterochromatic silencing at telomeres and HM loci of budding yeast. Two mcm10 mutants drastically reduce silencing of both URA3 and ADE2 reporter genes integrated into these silent loci. When exposed to α-factor, mcm10 mutant cells display a “shmoo-cluster” phenotype associated with a defect in the maintenance of silencing. In addition, when combined with a defect in the establishment of silent chromatin, mcm10 mutants demonstrate a synergistic defect in HML silencing. Consistent with a direct silencing function, Mcm10p shows a two-hybrid interaction with Sir2p and Sir3p that is destroyed by the mcm10-1 mutation and dependent on the C-terminal 108 amino acids. Tethering GBD-MCM10 to a defective HMR-E silencer is not sufficient to restore silencing. Furthermore, mutations in MCM10 inhibit the ability of GBD-SIR3 to restore silencing when tethered to a defective HMR-E. Suppressor mutations in MCM2, which suppress the temperature sensitivity of mcm10-1, fail to overcome the mcm10-1 silencing defect, suggesting that MCM10's role in transcriptional silencing may be separate from its essential functions in DNA replication.
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Coalescence Times in Genealogical Trees
Authors: Meligkotsidou Loukia , Fearnhead Paul 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We develop a method for maximum-likelihood estimation of coalescence times in genealogical trees, based on population genetics data. For this purpose, a Viterbi-type algorithm is constructed to maximize the joint likelihood of the coalescence times. Marginal confidence intervals for the coalescence times based on the profile likelihoods are also computed. Our method of finding MLEs and calculating C.I.'s appears to be more accurate than alternative numerical maximization methods, and maximum-likelihood inference appears to be more accurate than other existing model-free approaches to estimating coalescent times. We demonstrate the method on two different data sets: human Y chromosome DNA data and fungus DNA data.
Molecular Population Genetics of Accessory Gland Protein Genes and Testis-Expressed Genes in Drosophila mojavensis and D. arizonae
Authors: Wagstaff Bradley J , Begun David J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Molecular population genetic investigation of Drosophila male reproductive genes has focused primarily on melanogaster subgroup accessory gland protein genes (Acp's). Consistent with observations from male reproductive genes of numerous taxa, Acp's evolve more rapidly than nonreproductive genes. However, within the Drosophila genus, large data sets from additional types of male reproductive genes and from different species groups are lacking. Here we report findings from a molecular population genetics analysis of male reproductive genes of the repleta group species, Drosophila arizonae and D. mojavensis. We find that Acp's have dramatically higher average pairwise Ka/Ks (0.93) than testis-enriched genes (0.19) and previously reported melanogaster subgroup Acp's (0.42). Overall, 10 of 19 Acp's have Ka/Ks &gt; 1 either in nonpolarized analyses or in at least one lineage of polarized analyses. Of the nine Acp's for which outgroup data were available, average Ka/Ks was considerably higher in D. mojavensis (2.08) than in D. arizonae (0.87). Contrasts of polymorphism and divergence suggest that adaptive protein evolution at Acp's is more common in D. mojavensis than in D. arizonae.
The Relationship of Nucleotide Polymorphism, Recombination Rate and Selection in Wild Tomato Species
Authors: Roselius Kerstin , Stephan Wolfgang , Städler Thomas 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
We analyzed the effects of mating system and recombination rate on single nucleotide polymorphisms using 14 single-copy nuclear loci from single populations of five species of wild tomatoes (Solanum section Lycopersicon). The taxa investigated comprise two self-compatible (SC) and three self-incompatible (SI) species. The observed reduction in nucleotide diversity in the SC populations compared to the SI populations is much stronger than expected under the neutral effects of the mating system on effective population size. Importantly, outgroup sequences available for 11 of the 14 loci yield strong positive correlations between silent nucleotide diversity and silent divergence, indicative of marked among-locus differences in mutation rates and/or selective constraints. Furthermore, using a physical estimate of local recombination rates, we find that silent nucleotide diversity (but not divergence) is positively correlated with recombination rate in two of the SI species. However, this correlation is not nearly as strong as in other well-characterized species (in particular, Drosophila). We propose that nucleotide diversity in Lycopersicon is dominated mainly by differences in neutral mutation rates and/or selective constraints among loci, demographic processes (such as population subdivision), and background selection. In addition, we hypothesize that the soil seed bank plays an important role in the maintenance of the large genetic diversity in the SI species (in particular L. peruvianum).
Bias and Precision in QST Estimates: Problems and Some Solutions
Authors: O'Hara R B , Merilä J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Comparison of population differentiation in neutral marker genes and in genes coding quantitative traits by means of FST and QST indexes has become commonplace practice. While the properties and estimation of FST have been the subject of much interest, little is known about the precision and possible bias in QST estimates. Using both simulated and real data, we investigated the precision and bias in QST estimates and various methods of estimating the precision. We found that precision of QST estimates for typical data sets (i.e., with &lt;20 populations) was poor. Of the methods for estimating the precision, a simulation method, a parametric bootstrap, and the Bayesian approach returned the most precise estimates of the confidence intervals.
The Gene doublesex of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Authors: Ruiz M Fernanda , Stefani Rominy N , Mascarenhas Rodrigo O , Perondini André L P , Selivon Denise , Sánchez Lucas 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The gene doublesex of Anastrepha obliqua is composed of four instead of the usual six exons. It is transcribed in both sexes and its primary transcript undergoes sex-specific splicing, producing female DsxF and male DsxM proteins, which have in common the amino-terminal region but which differ at the carboxyl-terminal region.