bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in content and structure of glycosaminoglycans of the vitreous gel from different mammalian species
Authors: Noulas Argiris V. , Skandalis Spyros S. , Feretis Elias , Theocharis Dimitrios A. , Karamanos Nikos K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe vitreous of all species is composed of essentially the same type of extracellular matrix macromolecules organized to a transparent gel. In this study, the composition and ﬁne chemical structure of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the vitreous gel from sheep and goat were determined and compared with those of human and pig vitreous gels. The results showed that, in all examined species; hyaluronan (HA) was the predominant GAG, whereas chondroitin sulphate (CS) was the minor one. In the vitreous gel of the most relative species, i.e. sheep and goat, higher amounts of both of HA and CS were estimated as compared with pig and human tissues. The distribution of hydrodynamic sizes of HA and CS was signiﬁcantly differed among different species. All HA preparations consisted of molecules with great variability in hydrodynamic sizes. The relative proportions of the large HA molecules (size >1.8 × 106 kDa) were signiﬁcantly higher in sheep and goat as compared with human and pig vitreous gel. The length of CS chains was also of larger size in sheep and goat (50 and 58 kDa, respectively) than the respective chains in human and pig vitreous gel (38 and 28 kDa, respectively). The sulphation patterns of CS preparations were determined following enzymic treatments, HPLC and capillary electrophoretic analyses. The human vitreous‐derived CS chains showed quite different sulphation proﬁle than that of CS isolated from other species, since 4‐sulphated disaccharides were identiﬁed as the dominant moiety. In conclusion, signiﬁcant compositional and structural variations between the vitreous matrixes of different species at the GAG level were identiﬁed. The functional signiﬁcance of these species‐dependent variations is discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic change in the distribution of alpha5beta1 integrin on isolated ventral membrane: Effect of divalent cation species
Authors: Hirata Hiroaki , Ohki Kazuo , Miyata Hidetake 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe investigated the spatial distribution of α5β1 integrin in isolated ventral plasma membranes (VPMs) of human foreskin fibroblasts in order to elucidate how the interaction of integrin with cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins might affect the integrin distribution. Cells were exposed to the jet of buffer to remove the apical surface and most of cellular organelles. After this treatment VPMs, which adhered to the glass surface, possessed the cellular structures such as fibronectin (FN) fibrils and actin stress fibers. The isolated VPMs thus prepared were employed without fixation to investigate the change in the integrin distribution. In isolated VPMs, α5β1 integrin, labeled with Cy3‐tagged anti‐integrin antibody, was found to accumulate not only at the tips of stress fibers but also along FN fibrils extending from there. When divalent cations were removed with EDTA, the accumulated integrin was dispersed, and the original pattern of distribution was recovered upon restoration of divalent cations. Talin, an integrin‐actin cytoskeleton linker protein, was found to accumulate only at the tips of stress fibers in isolated VPMs, but α5β1 integrin did not exhibit strong accumulation there, indicating that talin played little role in integrin distribution in isolated VPMs. The amount of α‐actinin associated with stress fibers was found to drastically decrease in isolated VPMs, which was presumably related to the failure of localization of integrin at the tips of stress fibers. It was also shown that the association of stress fibers to isolated VPMs seemed to be independent of accumulation of integrin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:131–140, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinal abnormalities associated with the G90D mutation in opsin
Authors: Naash Muna I. , Wu Ting‐Huai , Chakraborty Dibyendu , Fliesler Steven J. , Ding Xi‐Qin , Nour May , Peachey Neal S. , Lem Janis , Qtaishat Nasser , Al‐Ubaidi Muayyad R. , Ripps Harris 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSeveral mutations in the opsin gene have been associated with congenital stationary night blindness, considered to be a relatively nonprogressive disorder. In the present study, we examined the structural and functional changes induced by one of these mutations, i.e., substitution of aspartic acid for glycine at position 90 (G90D). Transgenic mice were created in which the ratio of transgenic opsin transcript to endogenous was 0.5:1, 1.7:1, or 2.5:1 and were studied via light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, electroretinography (ERG), and spectrophotometry. Retinas with transgenic opsin levels equivalent to one endogenous allele (G0.5) appeared normal for a period of about 3–4 months, but at later ages there were disorganized, shortened rod outer segments (ROS), and a loss of photoreceptor nuclei. Higher levels of G90D opsin expression produced earlier signs of retinal degeneration and more severe disruption of photoreceptor morphology. Despite these adverse effects, the mutation had a positive effect on the retinas of rhodopsin knockout (R−/−) mice, whose visual cells fail to form ROS and rapidly degenerate. Incorporation of the transgene in the null background (G+/−/R−/− or G+/+/R−/−) led to the development of ROS containing G90D opsin and prolonged survival of photoreceptors. Absorbance spectra measured both in vitro and in situ showed a significant reduction of more than 90% in the amount of light‐sensitive pigment in the retinas of G+/+/R−/− mice, and ERG recordings revealed a >1 log unit loss in sensitivity. However, the histological appearances of the retinas of these mice show no significant loss of photoreceptors and little change in the lengths of their outer segments. These findings suggest that much of the ERG sensitivity loss derives from the reduced quantal absorption that results from a failure of G90D opsin to bind to its chromophore and form a normal complement of light‐sensitive visual pigment. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:149–163, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A model of sex‐based social stability
Authors: Koch Andreas , Tvede Mich 
Published: August 2004

AbstractFor some time theoretical biologists have been discussing the origin of sexes, which seems somewhat puzzling as there are intrinsic inefficiencies for a species to produce males and females, rather than hermaphrodites. We propose that part of the explanation of this may be the additional social stability that sexes offer. We use notions from cooperative game theory to show that for hermaphrodites, it may be impossible for a social group to find a stable set of partnerships. The existence of such a stable set of partnerships is, however, guaranteed for species with both males and females. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 52–56, 2004
Turbulence and Anomalous Transport in Magnetized Plasmas: Hints from the Reversed Field Pinch Configuration
Authors: Antoni V. , Bergsåker H. , Cavazzana R. , Carbone V. , Drake J. , Martines E. , Regnoli G. , Serianni G. , Spada E. , Spolaore M. , Vianello N. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe properties of plasma turbulence in the outer region of the Reversed Field Pinch experiments RFX and EXTRAP‐T2R are reviewed. The statistical properties of fluctuations in the range of scales relevant for transport are presented. The observation of coherent structures emerging from the background turbulence and their interpretation in terms of vortices is reported. The interplay between these structures and the mean E×B flow of the plasma is demonstrated with emphasis to the action on the preferential rotation direction. The effect on the particle transport induced by the background turbulence and by the structures is discussed. Finally the methods tested to control turbulence and to mitigate the related transport are illustrated and discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Practical Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for Stress Regulation and Treatment of Insulators
Authors: Bilek M. M. M. , McKenzie D. R. , Tarrant R. N. , Oates T. W. H. , Ruch P. , Newton‐McGee K. , Shi Yang , Tompsett D. , Nguyen H. C. , Gan B. K. , Kwok D. T. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPlasma immersion ion implantation has been attracting the interest of research groups around the world over the last two decades. The technique has been developed to the stage where it is a well‐established technique for a number of materials processing applications, such as plasma nitriding. Recent research has focussed on developing the method for a range of new applications, including stress regulation and control of microstructure, as well as surface treatment of insulators. Recent developments in these technologically important applications are discussed in this paper. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generation of Thin Surface Plasma Layers for Atmospheric‐Pressure Surface Treatments
Authors: Černák M. , Ráhel' J. , Kováčik D. , Šimor M. , Brablec A. , Slavíček P. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThin layers of atmospheric‐pressure non‐equilibrium plasma can be generated by pulse surface corona discharges and surface barrier discharges developing on the treated surfaces or brought into a close contact with the treated surfaces. Plasma sources based on these discharge types have the potential of meeting the basic on‐line production requirements in the industry and can be useful for a wide range of surface treatments and deposition processes including continuous treatment of textiles. Comparing with atmospheric pressure glow discharge sources, the potential advantages of these plasma sources include their simplicity, robustness, and capability to process in a wide range of working gases. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental Studies of MHD Dynamics in a RFP Magnetically Confined Plasma
Authors: Drake J. R. , Malmberg J.‐A. , the EXTRAP T2R Team  
Published: August 2004

AbstractStudies of non‐linear dynamics of MHD tearing modes in the EXTRAP reversed‐field pinch experiments [1] have demonstrated such phenomena as mode rotation, phase‐locking and wall locking. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐DimensionalKinetic and Three‐Dimensional Fluid‐Radiation Transport Simulations of Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Yang S. S. , Lee J. K. , Ko S. W. , Kim H. C. , Shon J. W. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractUsing fluid and kinetic simulation codes, we investigated ion angle distributions in a PDP cell. We also compared our fluid simulation results with experimental data to prove the accuracy of our codes and suggested new PDP cell structure. Kinetic simulation results shows that most ions impinge on the MgO surface at the cathode region with the incident angles in the range of 10° ∼ 30°. Our simulation results from 2‐D and 3‐D fluid codes showed good agreements in the distribution of excited Xe atom density compared to the experimental data measured by laser absorption spectroscopy. Using these fluid codes, we suggested Front Address PDP cell structure. This structure has address electrode on the upper substrate and shows the improvement of luminous efficiency about 2 times in comparison with conventional model because of the arch‐shaped long discharge path between two sustain electrodes. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Liesegang rings in hemorrhagic urine
Authors: Misselevich Ines , Zlotnik Marina , Boss Jochanan H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMyriad Liesegang rings were encountered in the urine of a 43‐year‐old patient who was diagnosed as having idiopathic hematuria, emanating from the left ureter or kidney. Erythrocytes and the Liesegang rings spontaneously disappeared from the urine within 4 weeks. We are unaware of a report of a similar observation. Lack of descriptions may be due to underreporting or reflect true rarity of Liesegang rings in the urine. It is suggested that Liesegang rings may precipitate in the hemorrhagic urine as they do in diverse blood‐imbibed tissues. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:173–174. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytologic features of recurrent lymphoma involving the urinary bladder
Authors: Quinn Adam M. , Flanigan Robert , Sienko Anna , Wojcik Eva M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRecurrent lymphoma of the bladder only occasionally presents with genitourinary symptoms, and there are very few cases in the literature reporting the cytologic findings of involvement of the urinary bladder by lymphoma. We report the findings from a case of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with immunoblastic morphology that was identified in a bladder barbotage specimen of a 77‐year‐old man who presented with recurrent urinary tract infection and hematuria. We describe the cytomorphological features of lymphoma cells in the urine and discuss the differential diagnoses. Correlation of cytologic findings with immunohistochemical results is crucial in the diagnosis of lymphoma involving the urinary bladder. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:185–188. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nevus‐cell aggregates in lymph nodes: Fine‐needle aspiration cytologic findings and resulting diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Zaharopoulos Paul , Hudnall S. David 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe report a case of nodal nevus present in enlarged lymph nodes with changes of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy sampled by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology prior to clinical evaluation of the patient. This lymph node pathology was established later by lymph node excisional biopsy, by which along with a skin biopsy the dermatopathic lymphadenopathy was tentatively attributed to early mycosis fungoides. The FNA revealed fairly atypical melanotic tissue from the dermatopathic lymphadenopathy along with nodules of uniform melanocytic nevoid cells, the presence of which in combination with the dermatopathic atypical tissue provided a tentative diagnosis of metastatic melanoma of unknown primary, with the diagnosis of nodal nevus presented as a less likely possibility. This is to our knowledge the first cytologic report on FNA of nodal nevus, which besides presenting cytologic findings of this entity highlights some of the problems related to providing an accurate diagnosis, if this exceptionally unusual pathologic entity is encountered in lymph nodes sampled for enlargement from pathologies unrelated to this entity. The subject of nevus changes in lymph nodes is briefly discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:180–184. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pap test in a high‐risk population comparison of conventional and liquid‐base cytology
Authors: Utagawa Maria Lúcia , Miranda Pereira Sônia Maria , Makabe Sérgio , Yoshié Sakamoto Maeda Marina , Marques José A. , Santoro Carmen L.F. , Di Loreto Celso , Aguiar Luciana Silva , Pitolli Janaina Érika , Das Dores Gerson Botacini , Castelo Adauto , Filho Adhemar Longatto 
Published: August 2004

AbstractLiquid‐based cytology (LBC) is believed to have better sensitivity than conventional smears (CSs) and offers the possibility to perform molecular assay. The goal of this work was to study the performance of CS and LBC in a high‐risk population and to compare the results with the hybrid capture (HC) II for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Samples were collected from selected women with clinical suspicions of low genital tract lesion at Pérola Biygnton Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil). After CS preparation, the brush was introduced in the endocervix and a new sample was collected and rinsed in the preservative medium of the system. The residual material was used to HC2. From 925 cases, LBC was unsatisfactory in 4 (1.51%) cases and CS was unsatisfactory in 100 cases (10.81%); among theses cases HC2+ reactions was observed in 54 (54%) CSs and 3 (21.4%) LBCs. Considering cases with atypia of undetermined significance (squamous and glandular), 85 (77.27%) cases from LBC and 44 (86.4%) from CS were positive for HC2 assay for high‐risk DNA‐HPV. The difference among the methods was not significant (P < 0.38). The diagnosis improvement of LBC in comparison with CS was 86% in satisfactory samples, 92.76% in undetermined atypical lesions (including glandular), 83% in positive low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL+), and 86.84% in high‐grade SIL+ (HSIL+). HC2+ reactions were observed in 144 CS cases and 266 LBC cases with abnormalities. Our results have showed that LBC was superior to CS in a high‐risk population to detect lesions with high concordance with HC2+ reactions; CSs also exhibit a high concordance with HC2 assay but with inferior performance to detect lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:169–172. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of diet and handling on initiation of independent ingestion in rats
Authors: Doerflinger Alicia , Swithers Susan E. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of dietary manipulation on the age of onset of weaning in rat pups. In Experiment 1, female rats were placed on a standard chow (SC) or high‐fat (HF) diet 1 week following mating. Pups were weighed daily from birth to Day 12, then animals were placed into specialized cages for separate recording of food intake of pups and dams. Pups were offered the same diet as their dam, and food intake and body weight were determined twice daily until Day 25. The results demonstrated that pups reared by dams fed the HF diet initiated independent ingestion on Day 16, approximately 24 hr before pups reared by dams fed the SC diet. There were no differences in body weight in pups across the two diets. While few differences were noted across diets in pups' or dams' behavior, HF pups appeared to demonstrate a delay in the establishment of circadian patterns of food intake. In Experiment 2, all dams were maintained on an SC diet until the day after parturition. At that time, dams and litters were placed into specialized cages and divided into four groups: HF/HF, HF/SC, SC/SC, and SC/HF (dam's diet/pup's diet, respectively). The results demonstrated that dams given the HF diet had pups that initiated food intake approximately 2 days before the pups of dams given the SC diet. In addition, pups offered the HF diet, independent of the dam's diet, initiated food intake approximately 0.8 days prior to pups offered the SC diet. Further, by Day 12, HF dams had pups that were heavier than SC dams. The results suggest that the onset of weaning in rats is affected by maternal diet and the weaning diet available to the pup. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45:72‐82, 2004.
Volatility and commodity price dynamics
Authors: Pindyck Robert S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractCommodity prices are volatile, and volatility itself varies over time. Changes in volatility can affect market variables by directly affecting the marginal value of storage, and by affecting a component of the total marginal cost of production, the opportunity cost of producing the commodity now rather than waiting for more price information. I examine the role of volatility in short‐run commodity market dynamics and the determinants of volatility itself. I develop a structural model of inventories, spot, and futures prices that explicitly accounts for volatility, and estimate it using daily and weekly data for the petroleum complex: crude oil, heating oil, and gasoline. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:1029–1047, 2004
Predicting financial volatility: High‐frequency time‐series forecasts vis‐à‐vis implied volatility
Authors: Martens Martin , Zein Jason 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRecent evidence suggests option implied volatilities provide better forecasts of financial volatility than time‐series models based on historical daily returns. In this study both the measurement and the forecasting of financial volatility is improved using high‐frequency data and long memory modeling, the latest proposed method to model volatility. This is the first study to extract results for three separate asset classes, equity, foreign exchange, and commodities. The results for the S&P 500, YEN/USD, and Light, Sweet Crude Oil provide a robust indication that volatility forecasts based on historical intraday returns do provide good volatility forecasts that can compete with and even outperform implied volatility. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:1005–1028, 2004
Co‐vaccination with adeno‐associated virus vectors encoding human papillomavirus 16 L1 proteins and adenovirus encoding murine GM‐CSF can elicit strong and prolonged neutralizing antibody
Authors: Liu Dai‐Wei , Chang Junn‐Liang , Tsao Yeou‐Ping , Huang Chien‐Wei , Kuo Shu‐Wen , Chen Show‐Li 
Published: August 2004

AbstractNon‐infectious human papillomavirus‐like particles (VLPs), encoded by the major capsid gene L1, have been shown to be effective as vaccines to prevent cervical cancer. We have developed the genetic immunization of the L1 gene to induce a neutralizing antibody. We constructed and generated a recombinant adeno‐associated virus encoding human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 L1 protein that could form virus‐like particles in transduced cells. Previous reports have demonstrated that the formation of VLP is necessary to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies to protect an animal from viral challenge. Therefore, we carried out a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection with recombinant adeno‐associated virus encoding HPV‐16 L1 protein (rAAV‐16L1) in BALB/c mice, which ultimately produced stronger and more prolonged neutralizing L1 antibodies, when compared to the DNA vaccine. Immunohistochemistry showed that the accumulation of antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in rAAV‐16L1 and L1 DNA‐injected muscle fibers may be due to the L1 protein expression, but not to AAV infection. When compared to the L1 VLP vaccine, however, the titers of neutralizing L1 antibodies induced by VLP were higher than those induced by rAAV‐16L1. Co‐vaccinating with rAAV‐16L1 and adenovirus encoding murine GM‐CSF (rAAV‐16L1/rAd‐mGM‐CSF) induced comparable higher levels of neutralizing L1 antibodies with those of VLP. This implies that a single i.m. co‐injection with rAAV‐16L1/rAd‐mGM‐CSF can achieve the same vaccine effect as a VLP vaccine requiring 3 booster injections.