bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State-Level Variation in Medicaid Managed Care Enrollment and Specialty Care for Publicly Insured Children
Authors: Hu Ju-Chen , Cummings Janet R. , Ji Xu , Wilk Adam S. 
Published: October 2023

ImportanceMedicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program cover almost 50% of children with special health care needs (CSHCN). CSHCN often require specialty services and have been increasingly enrolled in Medicaid managed care (MMC) plans, but there is a dearth of recent national studies on specialty care access among publicly insured children and particularly CSHCN.ObjectiveTo provide recent, nationwide evidence on the association of MMC penetration with specialty care access among publicly insured children, with a special focus on CSHCN.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the 2016 to 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health to identify publicly insured children in 41 states that administered comprehensive managed care organizations for Medicaid. Data analysis was performed from May 2022 to March 2023.ExposureForm CMS-416 data were used to measure state-year level share of Medicaid-enrolled children who were covered by MMC (ie, MMC penetration).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMeasures of specialty care access included whether, in the past year, the child had (1) any visit to non–mental health (MH) specialists, (2) any visit to MH professionals, and (3) any unmet health care needs and (4) whether the caregiver ever felt frustrated getting services for their child. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of MMC penetration with specialty care access among all publicly insured children, and separately for CSHCN and non-CSHCN.ResultsAmong 20 029 publicly insured children, 7164 (35.8%) were CSHCN, 9537 (48.2%) were female, 4110 (37.2%) were caregiver-reported Hispanic, and 2812 (21.4%) were caregiver-reported non-Hispanic Black (all percentages are weighted). MMC was not associated with significant changes in any visit to non-MH specialists and unmet health care needs. In addition, MMC penetration was positively associated with caregiver frustration among all children (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.48; P = .02) and was negatively associated with any visit to MH professionals among CSHCN (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study evaluating MMC and specialty care access for publicly insured children, increased MMC enrollment was not associated with improved specialty care access for publicly insured children, including CSHCN. MMC was associated with less access to specialties like MH and increased frustrations among caregivers seeking services for their children.
Design of High‐Entropy Tape Electrolytes for Compression‐Free Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: He Xuewei , Zhu Zhiwei , Wen Guojiang , Lv Shanshan , Yang Sifan , Hu Ting , Cao Zheng , Ji Yuan , Fu Xuewei , Yang Wei , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdvanced solid electrolytes with strong adhesion to other components are the key for the successes of solid‐state batteries. Unfortunately, traditional solid electrolytes have to work under high compression to maintain the contact inside owing to their poor adhesion. Here, a concept of high‐entropy tape electrolyte (HETE) is proposed to simultaneously achieve tape‐like adhesion, liquid‐like ion conduction, and separator‐like mechanical properties. This HETE is designed with adhesive skin layer on both sides and robust skeleton layer in the middle. The significant properties of the three layers are enabled by high‐entropy microstructures which are realized by harnessing polymer–ion interactions. As a result, the HETE shows high ionic conductivity (3.50 ± 0.53 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature), good mechanical properties (toughness 11.28 ± 1.12 MJ m−3, strength 8.18 ± 0.28 MPa), and importantly, tape‐like adhesion (interfacial toughness 231.6 ± 9.6 J m−2). Moreover, a compression‐free solid‐state tape battery is finally demonstrated by adhesion‐based assembling, which shows good interfacial and electrochemical stability even under harsh mechanical conditions, such as twisting and bending. The concept of HETE and compression‐free solid‐state tape batteries may bring promising solutions and inspiration to conquer the interface challenges in solid‐state batteries and their manufacturing.
Sphere‐Confined Reversible Zn Deposition for Stable Alkaline Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Gao Yong , He Junyuan , Yang Jiayu , Fu Gangwen , Cao Qinghe , Pu Jie , Bu Fan , Xu Xi , Guan Cao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe practical applications of alkaline zinc‐based batteries are challenged by poor rechargeability with an insufficient zinc utilization ratio. Herein, a sphere‐confined reversible zinc deposition behavior from a free‐standing Zn anode is reported, which is composed of bi‐continuous ZnO‐protected interconnected and hollowed Zn microspheres by the Kirkendall effect. The cross‐linked Zn network with in situ formed outer ZnO shell and inner hollow space not only inhibits side reactions but also ensures long‐range conductivity and accommodates shape change, which induces preferential reversible zinc dissolution‐deposition process in the inner space and maintains structural integrity even under high zinc utilization ratio. As a result, the Zn electrode can be stably cycled for 390 h at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2 (60% depth of discharge), outperforming previously reported alkaline Zn anodes. A stable zinc‐nickel oxide hydroxide battery with a high cumulative capacity of 8532 mAh cm−2 at 60% depth of discharge is also demonstrated.
Data‐Driven Fine Element Tuning of Halide Double Perovskite for Enhanced Photoluminescence
Authors: Wu Lingjun , Chen Zijian , Yuan Zhongcheng , Wu Bobin , Liu Shaohui , Wang Zixuan , Mailoa Jonathan P. , Duan Chenru , Huang Hao , Hsieh Chang‐Yu , Yu Xue‐Feng , Zhao Haitao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElement tuning of targeted materials and obtaining the optimal synthesis recipe are major goals for many material scientists. However, this is often limited by conventional trial‐and‐error procedures, which are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. In this work, fine element tuning of halide double perovskite Cs2NaxAg1‐xInyBi1‐yCl6 is conducted by performing a data‐driven investigation combining high‐throughput experiments with machine learning (ML). A positive correlation between the more accessible R value in emission RGB values (the intensities of the red/green/blue primary colors) and photoluminescence intensity is revealed, and over a thousand R values of the Cs2NaxAg1‐xInyBi1‐yCl6 crystals synthesized with different additives and element compositions are collected. More importantly, the volume ratios of Na+/Ag+ (VNa: VAg) and Bi3+/In3+ (VBi: VIn) with the corresponding R values are correlated through ML, and the synergistic regulation of the two ion pairs is revealed. A possible correlation between R and XRD is also proposed. Finally, different emission intensities of LED beads coated with Cs2NaxAg1‐xInyBi1‐yCl6 synthesized using parameters obtained from ML are demonstrated, and an emission enhancement of ≈50 times is observed between the brightest and dimmest LEDs. This work illustrates that data‐driven investigation helps guide material synthesis and will significantly reduce the workload for developing novel materials, especially for complex compositions.
Mosaic Se/InSe Heterojunction for Self‐Powered Bipolar Photodetection
Authors: Wang Yunxia , Zhang Aoqi , Liu Jiaming , Zhou Junxin , Shao Zhitao , Hu PingAn , Feng Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBroadband, sensitive, and spectrally distinctive photodetectors show great applications in multifunction optoelectronic devices, which usually integrate multiple photodetectors for distinguishing different spectra. Recently, UV‐induced photocurrent polarity‐switching in individual photoelectrochemical photodetectors (PEC PDs) has been demonstrated by tuning the interfacial physical/chemical processes. However, broadband and spectrally distinctive PEC PDs are still scarce. Here, mosaic t‐Se/InSe heterojunctions are used for designing broadband and spectrally distinctive PEC PDs. Mosaic t‐Se/InSe photoelectrodes are fabricated by one‐step electrochemical deposition with annealing treatment. t‐Se/InSe self‐powered PEC PDs show a broadband photoresponse from UV to near‐infrared (NIR). The photocurrent is negative for UV‐visible spectra and turns positive under NIR irradiation. The light‐induced photocurrent polarity‐switching originates from the competition of different redox reactions at the t‐Se/InSe photoelectrode/electrolyte interface. The responsivity is −22.5, −10.93, −4.18, and 2.48 mA W−1 for 365, 525, 630, and 850 nm light, respectively, exceeding most spectrally distinctive solid‐state PDs. The boosted photoresponse of t‐Se/InSe is attributed to the synergistic effect of stronger light absorption, faster carrier transport, and accelerated interfacial charge transfer. Moreover, the devices show great potential for applications in encrypted optical communications. This work provides a way for designing broadband and spectrally distinctive PEC PDs and demonstrates their potential applications.
Biodegradable Polymer‐Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Composites for Controlled and Sustainable Pesticide Delivery
Authors: Reis Roberta A. dos , Mahmoud Lila A. M. , Ivanovska Evdokiya H. , Telford Richard , Addicoat Matthew A. , Terry Lui R. , Ting Valeska P. , Nayak Sanjit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to high surface area, loading capacity, and selectivity, Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have shown much promise recently for potential applications in extraction and delivery of agrochemicals for environmental remediation and sustainable release, respectively. However, application of MOFs for pesticide delivery in wider agricultural context can be restricted by their granular form. Herein, an alternative approach is studied using biodegradable polymer‐MOF composites to address this limitation. The loading and release of a widely used pesticide, 2,4‐dichloropheoxycetic acid (2,4‐D), is studied using two MOFs, UiO‐66 and UiO‐66‐NH2, and the 2,4‐D‐loaded MOFs are incorporated into biodegradable polycaprolactone composites for convenient handling and minimizing runoff. The MOFs are loaded by in‐situ, and post‐synthetic methods, and characterised thoroughly to ensure successful synthesis and loading of 2,4‐D. The pesticide release studies are performed on the MOFs and composites in distilled water, and analysed using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, demonstrating sustained‐release of 2,4‐D over 16 days. The loaded MOF samples show high loading capacity, with up to 45 wt% for the in‐situ loaded UiO‐66. Release kinetics show more sustained release of 2,4‐D from UiO‐66‐NH2 compared to UiO‐66, which can be due to supramolecular interactions between the NH2 group of UiO‐66‐NH2 and 2,4‐D. This is further supported by computational studies.
Electrochemical Conversion of Confined 1D Sulfur Chains in Li–S Battery
Authors: He Qianqian , Jin Chunqiao , Jiang Kai , Zhai Pengbo , Tang Jianli , Huo Liuxiang , Qiu Lingxi , Li Shubing , Wei Juntian , Dong Hongliang , Hu Zhigao , Gong Yongji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are prospective as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. Compared with normal bulk sulfur, the electrochemistry behaviors of sulfur chains inside single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have rarely been investigated. Herein, one type of 1D sulfur chain encapsulated in SWCNTs (S@SWCNTs) is designed as the cathode for Li–S batteries. Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the suppressed shuttle effect and the accelerated sulfur reduction kinetics in S@SWCNTs cathodes, benefiting from the spatial confinement effect of SWCNTs. The S@SWCNTs electrode possesses an excellent rate performance and highly reversible discharge capacity of 1123 mAh g−1 at 1 C with 0.07% capacity fade rate per cycle over 500 cycles. Moreover, the S@SWCNTs as the self‐supporting cathodes can still exhibit capacity retention of 94% after 100 cycles with a high sulfur loading of 5.84 mg cm−2 and low E/S (electrolyte/sulfur) ratio of 4.3 µL mg−1, promising for high energy‐density full batteries. This work helps the understanding of sulfur chain redox reaction and electrochemistry behaviors inside SWCNTs and provides a path‐breaking vision to develop the cathodes of Li–S batteries.
Improving Low‐temperature Performance and Stability of Na2Ti6O13 Anodes by the Ti−O Spring Effect through Nb‐doping
Authors: Hu ChangYan , Li Ying , Wang Dong , Wu Chunjin , Chen Feng , Zhang Linghong , Wan Fang , Hua Weibo , Sun Yan , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNa2Ti6O13 (NTO) with high safety has been regarded as a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries. In the present study, integrated modification of migration channels broadening, charge density re‐distribution, and oxygen vacancies regulation are realized in case of Nb‐doping and have obtained significantly enhanced cycling performance with 92 % reversible capacity retained after 3000 cycles at 3000 mA g−1. Moreover, unexpected low‐temperature performance with a high discharge capacity of 143 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 under −15 °C is also achieved in the full cell. Theoretical investigation suggests that Nb preferentially replaces Ti3 sites, which effectively improves structural stability and lowers the diffusion energy barrier. What's more important, both the in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ Raman furtherly confirm the robust spring effect of the Ti−O bond, making special charge compensation mechanism and respective regulation strategy to conquer the sluggish transport kinetics and low conductivity, which plays a key role in promoting electrochemical performance.
Ferroelectric Polarization Modulated Facet‐selective Charge Separation in Bi4NbO8Cl Single Crystal for Boosting Visible‐light Driven Bifunctional Water Splitting
Authors: Hu Cheng , Chen Fang , Huang Hongwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeveloping bifunctional water‐splitting photocatalysts is meaningful, but challenged by the harsh requirements of specific‐facet single crystals with spatially separated reactive sites and anisotropic charge transfer paths contributed by well‐built charge driving force. Herein, tunable ferroelectric polarization is introduced in Bi4NbO8Cl single crystal nanosheets to strengthen the orthogonal charge transfer channels. By manipulating the in‐plane polarization from octahedral off‐centering of Nb5+ and out‐of‐plane polarization from lone pair electron effect of anisotropic Bi3+, both the fast charge recombination in bulk catalyst and the process of charge trapping into surface states can be effectively modulated. Collaborating with modest polarization electric field and facet junction induced built‐in electric field, cooperative charge tractive force is constructed, which reinforces the spatial separation and migration of photogenerated electrons and holes to {110} reductive site facet and {001} oxidation site facet, respectively. While excessive polarization charges impair the facet‐selective charge separation characteristics and conversely promote charge recombination on the surface. As a result, polarity‐optimized Bi4NbO8Cl shows an excellent H2 and O2 evolution rate of 54.21 and 36.08 μmol ⋅ h−1 in the presence of sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation. This work unveils the function of ferroelectric polarization in tuning the intrinsic facet‐selective charge transfer process of photocatalysts.
A numerical investigation of cross‐diffusion on magnetohydrodynamic Cu‐Al2O3/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction
Authors: Venkateswarlu Bhumarapu , Chavan Santosh , Narayana Panyam Venkata Satya , Joo Sang Woo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHybrid nanofluids (HNFs) are a promising type of nanofluid (NF) that combines two different nanoparticles to enhance their thermal and mechanical properties. They have gained significant attention in various engineering and scientific applications. This research focuses on studying the temperature‐dependent viscosity of a magnetohydrodynamic copper‐alumina‐water‐based HNF with thermal radiation, diffusions, and chemical reaction on a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. To achieve this, we transform the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the system into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using systematic similarity transformations. The resulting ODEs are solved using the shooting mechanism in combination with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg methodology. The results for the impact of the nanoparticle reactions on thermal, concentration, and velocity profiles, surface drag force, as well as mass and heat transfer rates are presented through graphs and tables. The key findings of this study demonstrate that the HNF accelerates velocity by 6.62%, but the magnetic field weakens it by 9.26%. Chemical reaction and Schmidt number affect nanoparticle concentration inversely. Radiation and heat source parameters increase the temperature by 14.89%, but the Prandtl number decreases it by 2.2%. Moreover, the Cu‐Al2O3/H2O HNF exhibits better thermal efficiency by 17.75% compared with the copper‐water NF. This research holds potential for applications in heat transduction, energy production, biomedical research, the manufacturing sector, aerospace technology, and more.
The facile and effective approach for fabricating polyurethane gradient materials with significant damping properties
Authors: Wang Fangling , Zhu Yuewang , Wang Liuye , Ren Kai , Li Juan , Wang Chengzhong , Jiang Shengling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyurethane is the main matrix material of polymer damping materials, but the damping temperature range is narrow, the effective damping temperature range does not match the working temperature of the material, and the elastic modulus is sensitive to temperature during glass transition, which is not conducive to safe use in a wide temperature range. In this paper, the polyurethane gradient material with the hard segment content continuously changing along the length direction was designed and prepared by the reaction injection method. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows that the gradient structure greatly influences the comprehensive damping performance of polyurethane. While maintaining no significant decrease in mechanical properties, the gradient material extends the effective damping temperature range (TR) from 40.7°C (−32.3 ~ 8.4°C) for component A and 66.6°C (59.5 ~ 126.1°C) for component B to 139.5°C (−20.6 ~ 118.9°C). At the same time, the damping peak remains high (0.48), which is close to the higher damping peak of the B component of 0.56. The elastic modulus (E′) decreases slowly with the increase in temperature, which can better ensure the safety of the material.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tunable photoluminescence study of gold nanoparticles embedded in PVA films
Authors: Gautam Anurag , Singh Ram Sevak , Gautam Prabhat , Hussain Syed Modassir , Reddy Vustikayala Sivakumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article reports the systematic photoluminescence study of the various contents of gold nanocomposites in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. The variations in the gold content in PVA film were 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%. All the samples were excited at two selected wavelengths; those are at 400 nm and 532 nm. On exciting the gold‐PVA nanocomposite films at 400 nm the photoluminescence was observed in the region of 430–500 nm in comparison to pure PVA films that show an emission at 400 nm. However, on exciting the gold‐PVA nanocomposites at 532 nm, the emission was observed at 560–650 nm with a long tail till 700 nm that is unlike the pure PVA films that do not show any emission peak in this region. This suggests that emission between 430 and 500 nm regions is due to the coordination of PVA with gold nanoparticles because PVA has an emission at 400 nm. However, the emission peak between 560 and 650 nm is entirely due to the gold nanocomposite particle. The peak also shows a smaller red‐shift that is usually with the increasing nanoparticles size with the increasing content in the PVA films. The formation of gold nanoparticles was justified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which is further supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
Uncertainty quantification for gene delivery methods: A roadmap for pDNA manufacturing from phase I clinical trials to commercialization
Authors: Triantafyllou Niki , Sarkis Miriam , Krassakopoulou Aikaterina , Shah Nilay , Papathanasiou Maria M. , Kontoravdi Cleo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fast‐growing interest in cell and gene therapy (C&GT) products has led to a growing demand for the production of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and viral vectors for clinical and commercial use. Manufacturers, regulators, and suppliers need to develop strategies for establishing robust and agile supply chains in the otherwise empirical field of C&GT. A model‐based methodology that has great potential to support the wider adoption of C&GT is presented, by ensuring efficient timelines, scalability, and cost‐effectiveness in the production of key raw materials. Specifically, key process and economic parameters are identified for (1) the production of pDNA for the forward‐looking scenario of non‐viral‐based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapies from clinical (200 doses) to commercial (40,000 doses) scale and (2) the commercial (40,000 doses) production of pDNA and lentiviral vectors for the current state‐of‐the‐art viral vector‐based CAR T‐cell therapies. By applying a systematic global sensitivity analysis, we quantify uncertainty in the manufacturing process and apportion it to key process and economic parameters, highlighting cost drivers and limitations that steer decision‐making. The results underline the cost‐efficiency and operational flexibility of non‐viral‐based therapies in the overall C&GT supply chain, as well as the importance of economies‐of‐scale in the production of pDNA.