bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating shallow compressional velocity variations in California’s Central Valley
Authors: Vasco Donald W , Pride Steven R , Nakagawa Seiji , Plesch Andreas , Shaw John H 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A theory for modelling the evolution of elastic moduli of grain packs under increasing pressure is combined with a method that accounts for the presence of fine-grained particles to develop a new conceptual framework for computing the seismic velocities of compacting sediments. The resulting formulation is then used to construct a seismic velocity model for California’s Central Valley. Specifically, a set of 44 sonic logs from the San Joaquin Valley are combined with soil textural data to derive the 3-D velocity variations in the province. An iterative quasi-Newton minimization algorithm that allows for bounded variables provided estimates of the nine free parameters in the model. The estimates low- and high-pressure exponents that resulted from the fit to the sonic log velocities are close to 1/2 and 1/3, respectively, values that are observed in laboratory experiments. Our results imply that the grain surfaces are sufficiently rough that there is little or no slip between grains. Thus, the deformation may be modelled using a strain energy function or free energy potential. The estimated Central Valley velocity model contains a 27 per cent increase in velocity from the surface to a depth of 700 m. Lateral variations of around 4 per cent occur within the layers of the model, a consequence of the textural heterogeneity within the subsurface.
Adolescents’ perceptions of substance use messaging in the age of social media: resolving cognitive dissonance
Authors: Hashemi Rhana , Vogel Erin A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study interviewed adolescents about their exposure to and perceptions of substance-related social media content and substance use prevention messages. Participants (analytic sample N = 30, age 14–18 years, in CA, USA, 40% male) were recruited from Instagram and Facebook for online semi-structured interviews. An interview transcript coding guide was developed based on the interview questions and emerging themes. Most (27/30) participants reported exposure to peers using substances on social media through posts made on personal accounts. All peer posts portrayed substance use in a positive light. Most participants reported exposure to formal prevention messages on social media (i.e. public service announcements) (19/30) and in schools (i.e. drug education) (21/30; 70.0%) teaching the negative consequences of substance use. Responses to the differences between peer posts and prevention messages included dismissing prevention messages (7/30), believing that their peers were more credible (4/30), desiring comprehensive substance information (3/30) and believing that the no-use message was ineffective for at-risk youth (4/30). Messages shared by peers online significantly contrasted with prevention messages (i.e. public service announcements and drug education). This difference appeared to undermine prevention message credibility. Balanced prevention messages acknowledging the spectrum of risk and reward when using different substances may reduce dissonance and increase engagement.
Constructing nursing quality indicators for intraoperative acquired pressure injury in cancer patients based on guidelines
Authors: Zhou Yu , Liu Lu , Rong Rong , Guo Li , Pei Yuquan , Lu Xiuying 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cancer patients have a high incidence of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI). Constructing IAPI quality indicators can reduce the incidence of pressure injury, but there are a lack of these indicators targeting cancer patients. Based on this, this study develops a system of quality indicators for IAPI. Thirty-four potential indicators were included based on the literature review. The 26 experts were asked to rate the importance and feasibility of each indicator using three rounds of email survey. The authoritative coefficient ranged from 0.92 to 0.94. After three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, nine nursing quality indicators were identified for IAPI in cancer patients. The mean importance or feasibility ratings ranged from 4.77 to 5.81 on a six-point scale, with variation coefficients ranging from 0.07 to 0.26. The percentage of full score for potential indicators ranged from 23.10% to 80.80%. Over three rounds, the Kendall’s W coefficients ranged from 0.157 to 0.354 (P &lt; .01). The absolute and relative importance and feasibility of the nine indicators were identified as potentially valid measures of nursing quality indicators for IAPI in cancer patients. This instrument is the first set of IAPI quality indicators developed specifically for cancer patients, and it should be useful for evaluating and improving the quality of IAPI in this population.
Does the number of functional olfactory receptor genes predict olfactory sensitivity and discrimination performance in mammals?
Authors: Martinez Quentin , Amson Eli , Laska Matthias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The number of functional genes coding for olfactory receptors differs markedly between species and has repeatedly been suggested to be predictive of a species’ olfactory capabilities. To test this assumption, we compiled a database of all published olfactory detection threshold values in mammals and used three sets of data on olfactory discrimination performance that employed the same structurally related monomolecular odour pairs with different mammal species. We extracted the number of functional olfactory receptor genes of the 20 mammal species for which we found data on olfactory sensitivity and/or olfactory discrimination performance from the Chordata Olfactory Receptor Database. We found that the overall olfactory detection thresholds significantly correlate with the number of functional olfactory receptor genes. Similarly, the overall proportion of successfully discriminated monomolecular odour pairs significantly correlates with the number of functional olfactory receptor genes. These results provide the first statistically robust evidence for the relationship between olfactory capabilities and their genomics correlates. However, when analysed individually, of the 44 monomolecular odourants for which data on olfactory sensitivity from at least five mammal species are available, only five yielded a significant correlation between olfactory detection thresholds and the number of functional olfactory receptors genes. Also, for the olfactory discrimination performance, no significant correlation was found for any of the 74 relationships between the proportion of successfully discriminated monomolecular odour pairs and the number of functional olfactory receptor genes. While only a rather limited amount of data on olfactory detection thresholds and olfactory discrimination scores in a rather limited number of mammal species is available so far, we conclude that the number of functional olfactory receptor genes may be a predictor of olfactory sensitivity and discrimination performance in mammals.
Pay-as-they-get-in: attitudes toward migrants and pension systems
Authors: Boeri Tito , Gamalerio Matteo , Morelli Massimo , Negri Margherita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study whether a better knowledge of the functioning of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension systems and recent demographic trends affects natives’ attitudes toward immigration. In two online experiments conducted in Italy and Spain, we randomly treated participants with a video explaining how, in PAYG systems, the payment of current pensions depends on the contributions paid by current workers. The video also informs participants about population aging trends in their countries. The treatment increases knowledge of PAYG systems and future demographic trends for all participants. However, it improves attitudes toward migrants only for treated participants who do not support populist and anti-immigrant parties.
Structural transformation, the knowledge economy, and the geography of low-income work
Authors: von Borries Alvaro , Grillitsch Markus , Lundquist Karl-Johan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The structural transformation toward the knowledge economy is often credited with increasing polarization and precarization of the low end of the labor market. Little is known, however, about the geography of low-income work since the literature has largely ignored sub-national variation. This article explores how the knowledge economy as the main driver of the transformation has affected the concentration of low-income work throughout the Swedish regional system for the last 30+ years. We propose a model where the knowledge economy affects the prevalence of low-income work through three mechanisms: polarization, upgrading, and labor market tightening. We find that the prevalence of low-income work in Sweden has decreased, and regions have converged under this metric over time. The penetration of the knowledge economy is, moreover, associated with lower levels of low-income work, and even though the knowledge economy is related to increasing polarization and, through it, an expansion of the low-income sector, the opposite effects of upgrading and tightening outweigh it. We discuss these findings in relation to studies conducted in different contexts and argue that institutional embeddedness, in particular (but not exclusively) labor market institutions, matters greatly in shaping these outcomes.
Ten-year follow-up outcomes of limited resection trial for radiologically less-invasive lung cancer
Authors: Niimi Takahiro , Samejima Joji , Wakabayashi Masashi , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Tane Kenta , Aokage Keiju , Taki Tetsuro , Nakai Tokiko , Ishii Genichiro , Kikuchi Akitomo , Yoshioka Emi , Yokose Tomoyuki , Ito Hiroyuki , Tsuboi Masahiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The JCOG0804/WJOG4507L single-arm confirmatory trial indicated a satisfactory 10-year prognosis for patients who underwent limited resection for radiologically less-invasive lung cancer. However, only one prospective trial has reported a 10-year prognosis.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter prospective study coordinated by the National Cancer Center Hospital East and Kanagawa Cancer Center. We analyzed the long-term prognosis of 100 patients who underwent limited resection of a radiologically less-invasive lung cancer in the peripheral lung field. We defined radiologically less-invasive lung cancer as lung adenocarcinoma with a maximum tumor diameter of ≤2 cm, tumor disappearance ratio of ≥0.5 and cN0. The primary endpoint was the 10-year local recurrence-free survival.

Results
Our patients, with a median age of 62 years, included 39 males. A total of 58 patients were non-smokers; 87 had undergone wide wedge resection and 9 underwent segmentectomy. A total of four cases were converted to lobectomy because of the presence of poorly differentiated components in the frozen specimen or insufficient margin with segmentectomy. The median follow-up duration was 120.9 months. The 10-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival rates of patients with lung cancer were both 96.0%. Following the 10-year long-term follow-up, two patients experienced recurrences at resection ends after wedge resection.

Conclusions
Limited resection imparted a satisfactory prognosis for patients with radiologically less-invasive lung cancer, except two cases of local recurrence &gt;5 years after surgery. These findings suggest that patients with this condition who underwent limited resection may require continued follow-up &gt;5 years after surgery.
Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in patients with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Okajima Koichi , Zhang Liuzhe , Hirai Toshihide , Ishibashi Yuki , Tsuda Yusuke , Ikegami Masachika , Kawai Akira , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare sarcoma in adults. The clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognostic factors associated with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma remain unclear.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry of Japan, and enrolled patients with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Disease-specific overall survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method; Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic factors.

Results
In total, 182 patients with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma were included. Median age was 63 (range 20–95) years. The lower extremity (48%) was the most frequent tumor origin site, while head and neck were rare (4%). A total of 43 patients (24%) had distant or regional nodal metastases at first presentation. In all cases, the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 66.3% and 54.1%, respectively. Distant metastasis was a significant poor prognostic factor (Hazard ratio 6.65; 95% confidence intervals, 3.00–14.75, P &lt; 0.0001), with median survival of such patients being 9.4 (95% confidence intervals: 5.3–12.2) months. In 134 localized cases, the 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 91.5% and 68.3%, respectively. Large tumor size and older age were associated with poorer prognosis. Through data from localized and locally curative cases extracted and adjusted by propensity score matching, we found that perioperative chemotherapy did not improve disease-specific overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival or local recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma are similar to those of other high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma may be less chemosensitive, and a strategy other than the standard cytotoxic chemotherapy is required to improve its prognosis.
Short-term economic evaluation of physical activity-based corporate health programs: a systematic review
Authors: Bonatesta Lorenzo , Palermi Stefano , Sirico Felice , Mancinelli Mario , Torelli Pierpaolo , Russo Ettore , Annarumma Giada , Vecchiato Marco , Fernando Frederik , Gregori Giampietro , Niebauer Josef , Biffi Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Corporate health programs (CHPs) aim to improve employees’ health through health promotion strategies at the workplace. Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in primary prevention, leading many companies to implement PA-based CHPs. However, there is limited examination in the scientific literature on whether PA-based CHPs (PA-CHPs) lead to economic benefits. This systematic review aimed to summarize the available literature on the economic aspects of PA-CHPs.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies focused on PA-CHPs targeting healthy sedentary workers and reporting at least one economic outcome, such as return on investment (ROI), costs, or sick leave.
Results: Of 1036 studies identified by our search strategy, 11 studies involving 60 020 participants met the inclusion criteria. The mean (±SD) cost per capita for PA-CHPs was estimated as 359€ (±238€) (95% CI, 357-361€). In 75% of the studies, the net savings generated by PA-CHPs in 12 months were reported, with an average of 1095€ (±865€) (95% CI, 496-1690€). ROI was assessed in 50% of the included studies, with an average of 3.6 (±1.41) (95% CI, 2.19-5.01).
Conclusions: In addition to promoting a healthy lifestyle, PA-CHPs have the potential to generate significant economic returns. However, the heterogeneity among the existing studies highlights the need for standardization and accurate reporting of costs in future research.
Networks as interpretative frameworks: using co-citation analysis to explore large corpora of early modern letters
Authors: Rossini Paolo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The analysis of co-citations, which occurs when two publications or authors are mentioned together in the same text, has long been established as a practice within scientometrics, particularly in the field of “science mapping”. However, historiography has shown less openness to utilizing co-citation analysis for distant reading purposes. To address this gap, this article presents a comprehensive methodology for applying co-citation analysis to extensive collections of historical documents, specifically 17th-century letters indexed in the ePistolarium database. In science mapping, co-citation serves as an indicator for tracking the development of scientific fields. Similarly, I employ co-citation to map the Dutch socio-intellectual landscape during the Scientific Revolution period (1623–87) and evaluate the strengths and limitations of this approach.
Second Latin American migratory boom in Spain: From recovery to COVID-19
Authors: Domingo Andreu , Bayona-i-Carrasco Jordi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
At the end of the second decade of the 21st century, Latin American migration to Spain showed a new quantitative increase in flows of such magnitude that we can speak of the existence of a second migratory boom. In contrast to what happened with the first migration boom at the beginning of the century, when pull factors dominated (mainly due to the expansion of the Spanish labour market), after the economic crisis of 2008 push factors played a more important role. Three processes leading to large-scale emigration are identified in Latin America: high levels of political instability in many Latin American countries such as Venezuela; growing insecurity, especially—but not only—in Central American countries, where it also coincides with increasing difficulties in entering the USA; and the effect of neoliberal policies, with growing tensions in many countries, as would be the case of Argentine migrants. COVID-19 has slowed down these flows and has led to increased numbers of returnees although the previous migratory intensities began to recover at the end of 2021.
On the comparison of AGN with GRMHD simulations – II. M87
Authors: Anantua Richard , Ricarte Angelo , Wong George , Emami Razieh , Blandford Roger , Oramas Lani , West Hayley , Duran Joaquin , Curd Brandon 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Horizon-scale observations of the jetted active galactic nucleus M87 are compared with simulations spanning a broad range of dissipation mechanisms and plasma content in three-dimensional general relativistic flows around spinning black holes. Observations of synchrotron radiation from radio to X-ray frequencies can be compared with simulations by adding prescriptions specifying the relativistic electron-plus-positron distribution function and associated radiative transfer coefficients. A suite of time-varying simulations with various spins, plasma magnetizations and turbulent heating and equipartition-based emission prescriptions (and piecewise combinations thereof) is chosen to represent distinct possibilities for the M87 jet/accretion flow/black hole system. Simulation jet morphology, polarization, and variation are then ‘observed’ and compared with real observations to infer the rules that govern the polarized emissivity. Our models support several possible spin/emission model/plasma composition combinations supplying the jet in M87, whose black hole shadow has been observed down to the photon ring at 230 GHz by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Net linear polarization and circular polarization constraints favour magnetically arrested disc (MAD) models whereas resolved linear polarization favours standard and normal evolution (SANE) in our parameter space. We also show that some MAD cases dominated by intrinsic circular polarization have near-linear V/I dependence on un-paired electron or positron content while SANE polarization exhibits markedly greater positron-dependent Faraday effects – future probes of the SANE/MAD dichotomy and plasma content with the EHT. This is the second work in a series also applying the ‘observing’ simulations methodology to near-horizon regions of supermassive black holes in Sgr A* and 3C 279.
MeerKAT Pulsar Timing Array parallaxes and proper motions
Authors: Shamohammadi M , Bailes M , Flynn C , Reardon D J , Shannon R M , Buchner S , Cameron A D , Camilo F , Corongiu A , Geyer M , Kramer M , Miles M , Spiewak R 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We have determined positions, proper motions, and parallaxes of 77 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) from ∼3 yr of MeerKAT radio telescope observations. Our timing and noise analyses enable us to measure 35 significant parallaxes (12 of them for the first time) and 69 significant proper motions. Eight pulsars near the ecliptic have an accurate proper motion in ecliptic longitude only. PSR J0955−6150 has a good upper limit on its very small proper motion (&lt;0.4 mas yr−1). We used pulsars with accurate parallaxes to study the MSP velocities. This yields 39 MSP transverse velocities, and combined with MSPs in the literature (excluding those in Globular Clusters) we analyse 66 MSPs in total. We find that MSPs have, on average, much lower velocities than normal pulsars, with a mean transverse velocity of only 78(8) km s−1 (MSPs) compared with 246(21) km s−1 (normal pulsars). We found no statistical differences between the velocity distributions of isolated and binary MSPs. From Galactocentric cylindrical velocities of the MSPs, we derive 3D velocity dispersions of σρ, σϕ, σz = 63(11), 48(8), 19(3) km s−1. We measure a mean asymmetric drift with amplitude 38(11) km s−1, consistent with expectation for MSPs, given their velocity dispersions and ages. The MSP velocity distribution is consistent with binary evolution models that predict very few MSPs with velocities &gt;300 km s−1 and a mild anticorrelation of transverse velocity with orbital period.
Time variability of ultra-fast BAL outflows using SALT: C iv absorption depth based analysis
Authors: Aromal P , Srianand R , Petitjean P 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We probe the small-scale absorption line variability using absorption depth based analysis of a sample of 64 ultra-fast outflow (UFO) C iv broad absorption line (BAL) quasars monitored using the Southern African Large Telescope. We confirm the strong monotonic increase in the strength of variability with increasing outflow velocity. We identify regions inside the BAL trough for each source where the normalized flux difference between two epochs is &gt;0.1 for a velocity width ≥500 km s−1 (called ‘variable regions’). We find that the total number of variable regions increases with the time interval probed and the number of BALs showing variable regions almost doubles from short (&lt;2 yr) to long (&gt;2 yr) time-scales. We study the distributions of variable region properties such as its velocity width, depth, and location. These regions typically occupy a few-tenths of the entire width of the BAL. Their widths are found to increase with increasing time-scales having typical widths of ∼2000 km s−1 for Δt &gt; 2 yr. However, their absolute velocity with respect to zem and their relative position within the BAL profile remain random irrespective of the time-scale probed. The equivalent width variations of the BALs are strongly dependent on the size and depth of the variable regions but are little dependent on their total number. Finally, we find that ∼17 per cent of the UFO BALs show uncorrelated variability within the BAL trough.