bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercomparison of tropospheric and stratospheric mesoscale kinetic energy resolved by the high‐resolution global reanalysis datasets
Authors: Li Ziyi , Wei Junhong , Bao Xinghua , Sun Y. Qiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the development of advanced data assimilation and computing techniques, many modern global reanalysis datasets aim to resolve the atmospheric mesoscale spectrum. However, large uncertainties remain with respect to the representation of mesoscale motions in these reanalysis datasets, for which a clear understanding is lacking. The aforementioned challenges have served as a strong motivation to reveal and quantify their mesoscale differences. This study presents the first comprehensive global intercomparison of the tropospheric and stratospheric mesoscale kinetic energy and its spectra over two selected periods of summer and winter events among six leading high‐resolution atmospheric reanalysis products: European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), China Meteorological Administration Reanalysis, Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2, National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis, and ECMWF Reanalysis‐Interim. A state‐of‐the‐art global operational model is adopted as a supplementary reference. Although all reanalysis datasets can reproduce broad distribution characteristics that are grossly consistent with the 9 km model, there are substantial discrepancies among them in magnitudes. The ability to capture mesoscale signals is closely linked to their resolutions, but it is also impacted by other factors, including, but not limited to, the selected types of energy, seasons, altitudes, latitudes, model diffusions, parametrization schemes, moist condition, assimilation methods, and observation inputs. Moreover, all datasets illustrate conclusive behaviors for the prevalence of the rotational component in the troposphere, whereas only very few products fail to exhibit the dominance of the divergent component in the stratosphere. Overall, stratospheric ERA5 and CFSv2 outperform the other reanalysis datasets, and only these two can reproduce the feature of the canonical kinetic energy spectrum with a distinct shift from a steeper slope (approximately −3) at lower wave numbers to a shallower slope (approximately −5/3) at higher wave numbers. In addition, the relative disparities among datasets increase dramatically with height, and they are more pronounced in the divergent component. It is also found that the correlations among these datasets are much weaker in the Tropics.
Mutation‐based data augmentation for software defect prediction
Authors: Mao Rui , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiaofang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSoftware defect prediction (SDP) aims to distinguish between defective and nondefective instances, but the imbalance between these two classes often leads to reduced prediction performance. Conventional SDP approaches use oversampling techniques, such as synthetic oversampling, to tackle the problem of imbalanced data. However, these methods merely synthesize new instances based on traditional code features without considering actual defects at the code level. To address the issue of data imbalance while preserving semantic features of code samples, a mutation‐based data augmentation approach in SDP is proposed. The method utilizes the mutation operator to generate mutants that mutate nondefective instances and create new defective instances. Six projects from the PROMISE dataset are used to evaluate the approach, employing four traditional and two deep classifiers. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in improving defect prediction performance for both traditional and deep classifiers compared with other data augmentation methods.
Determination of formaldehyde in cosmetic creams using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis and solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Aziz Mozhgan Khoshsokhan , Nematollahi Fereshteh , Givianrad Mohammad Hadi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFormaldehyde (FA) is commonly used in detergents and cosmetics as an antimicrobial and preservative. This substance is toxic to humans and dangerous to health as it causes eye and skin irritation. FA determination is, therefore, a very important quality control parameter. This study developed gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) with on‐fiber derivatization to determine FA in cosmetic cream skin. FA was derivated using 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine in an aqueous solution. FA in cosmetic cream samples was extracted through SPME fibers in the headspace and rapidly derivated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine on SPME fibers. The average detection and quantification limits were at least 0.036 and 0.12, respectively. The results showed that GC/MS and SPME with on‐fiber derivatization are simple, fast, sensitive, and solvent‐free methods for aldehydes determination in cosmetic cream.
Automated machine learning techniques for estimating of elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Chien‐Ta Chen , Shing‐Wen Tsai , Liang‐Hao Hsiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe utilization of recycled aggregates (RA) in producing novel concrete can contribute to the resilience of the building sector. However, it is important to thoroughly evaluate the mechanical properties of this variety of aggregate before incorporating it into various applications. This study used Gaussian process regression (GPR) and Decision Tree (RT) to estimate the because the current equations for the modulus of elasticity of concrete may not apply to recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) concrete. On the other hand, the Dwarf mongoose optimizer (DMO) and Phasor particle swarm optimizer (PPSO) were combined with related models. They formed hybrid models to improve the accuracy of developed models. In this study, the hybrid models were evaluated and compared in three phases, which 70% of the samples for training, 15% for validation, and the remaining 15% for testing phase. In addition, several statistical evaluation metrics were employed to assess the precision and effectiveness of the established models. The performance of the models was compared with error metrics and coefficient correlation to obtain a suitable model. The results generally indicate that the PPSO algorithm showed a more acceptable performance than other algorithms coupled with models. In general, GPR‐PPSO can obtain and with 0.62% and 32% difference than RT‐PPSO.
Advancements in Perovskite‐Based Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Samreen Ayesha , Ali Muhammad Sudais , Huzaifa Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Hassan Bilal , Ullah Fazl , Ali Shahid , Arifin Nor Anisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe high‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the most efficient and green conversion technology for electricity generation from hydrogen‐based fuel as compared to conventional thermal power plants. Many efforts have been made to reduce the high operating temperature (>800 °C) to intermediate/low operating temperature (400 °C<T<800 °C) in SOFCs in order to extend their life span, thermal compatibility, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. However, the major challenges in developing cathode materials for low/intermediate temperature SOFCs include structural stability, catalytic activity for oxygen adsorption and reduction, and tolerance against contaminants such as chromium, boron, and sulfur. This research aims to provide an updated review of the perovskite‐based state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials LaSrMnO3(LSM) and LaSrCOFeO3(LSCF), as well as the recent trending Ruddlesden‐Popper phase (RP) and double perovskite‐structured materials SOFCs technology. Our review highlights various strategies such as surface modification, codoping, infiltration/impregnation, and composites with fluorite phases to address the challenges related to LSM/LSCF‐based electrode materials and improve their electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, this study also offers insight into the electrochemical performance of the double perovskite oxides and Ruddlesden‐Popper phase materials as cathodes for SOFCs.
Understanding Gender Stereotypes in the Context of Foreign Language Learning through the Lens of Social Cognitive Theory
Authors: Kutuk Gulsah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory as a theoretical framework, this study explores the relationships between gender stereotypes and language learning experiences, particularly in the context of learning English as a foreign language (EFL). It aims to provide a better understanding of the role of gender stereotypes in the language learning process focusing on how they both influence and are influenced by various behavioral, personal, and environmental processes. To achieve this, a qualitative study based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews was conducted with a total of 32 participants, including 17 teachers and 15 learners from six different universities in Turkey. Results revealed that both EFL teacher and learner participants were aware of certain gender stereotypes in language learning. These stereotypes were found to create diverse and distinct learning experiences for female and male learners, influenced by behavioral (i.e., perseverance, sense of responsibility), personal (i.e., attributions, emotions), and environmental (i.e., significant others’ expectations) processes. The study further highlighted the deep‐rooted and differential influence of societal norms and cultural expectations on female and male learners’ experiences. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding and addressing gender stereotypes in language education to promote an inclusive and equitable learning environment and support learners’ engagement and success, regardless of their gender.
Monitoring wildlife population trends with sample counts: a case study on the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)
Authors: Panaccio Matteo , Brambilla Alice , Bassano Bruno , Smith Tessa , von Hardenberg Achaz 
Published: November 2023

Monitoring population dynamics is of fundamental importance in conservation but assessing trends in abundance can be costly, especially in large and rough areas. Obtaining trend estimations from counts performed in only a portion of the total area (sample counts) can be a cost‐effective method to improve the monitoring and conservation of species difficult to count.We tested the effectiveness of sample counts in monitoring population trends of wild animals, using as a model population the Alpine ibex Capra ibex in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy), both with computer simulations and using historical count data collected over the last 65 years. Despite sample counts failed to correctly estimate the true population abundance, sampling half of the target area could reliably monitor the trend of the target population. In case of strong changes in abundance, an even lower proportion of the total area could be sufficient to identify the direction of the population trend. However, when there is a high yearly trend variability, the required number of samples increases and even counting in the entire area can be ineffective to detect population trends. The effect of other parameters, such as which portion of the area is sampled and detectability, was lower, but these should be tested case by case.Sample counts could therefore constitute a viable alternative to assess population trends, allowing for important, cost‐effective improvements in the monitoring of wild animals of conservation interest.
Military Leadership and Ethics
Authors: Olsthoorn Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeadership and ethics are habitually treated as related to separate spheres. It would be better, perhaps, if leadership and ethics were treated as belonging to a single domain. Ethics is an aspect of leadership and not a separate approach that exists alongside other approaches to leadership such as the trait approach, the situational approach, etc. This holds especially true for the military, one of the few organizations that can legitimately use violence. Today, most militaries opt for a character-based approach for the ethics education of their leaders and espouse leadership theories that want leaders to be strong and visionary. Both the role of character and leadership are increasingly questioned, however, on the basis that situational factors are more influential than leadership and character. A closer look suggests that an interactionist perspective, with leadership, character, and the situation interplaying, is more accurate. It is still good leadership that keeps soldiers from crossing the line between the lawful use of force and excessive violence.
The Long Road to Becoming a Farmer in Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ambarwati Aprilia , Chazali Charina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the trajectories of young men and women into farming and is based on the authors’ research in two villages in Kebumen Regency, Central Java. In our study, we have prioritized the perspectives of young people themselves in respect of their own experiences and pathways as farmers. The chapter consists of four sections. First, we describe the background of the selected location as well as the methodology and techniques of field data collection. The second section provides a picture of the economy, society, and agrarian structure in the two research locations. The third section describes various dimensions of young people’s trajectories into farming and how they respond to the various obstacles and challenges that they face, using the respondents’ own words where possible. The last section offers some conclusions and reflections.
“Regenerating” Agriculture: Becoming a Young Farmer in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Bihun Hannah Jess , Desmarais Annette Aurélie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter analyses the pathways, motivations, and challenges of young people who are bucking the trend of urban migration and instead are choosing to continue to farm or enter farming as new entrants in the Canadian province of Manitoba. We are particularly interested in addressing the following questions: Who are the young people entering and continuing in agriculture in Manitoba today? How did they enter agriculture? What motivates them to farm? How do they farm and market their products? What barriers are they facing as young farmers in the province? What kind of support do they need?
Young Farmers in a “Cucumber Village”: A Different Story of Family Farming in Agricultural Specialization from Hebei Province
Authors: Pan Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis village came to our attention by accident. Given the rural labour migration situation in China, especially in the mid-west, it was difficult to find a village with many young farmers. We came across this village, which is well-known in its adjacent areas for its specialization in cucumber cultivation and marketing. When reviewing the site’s agricultural development, the groups of young farmers gradually came to stand out. Huang village, which is a pseudonym, is located in Hebei province, about 430 kilometres south to Beijing and 10 kilometres from the county seat. The research team conducted fieldwork in the village in December 2017. We lodged in rural households during our fieldwork. We used both qualitative data, conducting semi-structured interviews as well as quantitative data collected via a survey. We also engaged in supplementary work in June 2018.
The Youth Dividend and Agricultural Revival in India
Authors: Narayanan Sudha , Vijayabaskar M. , Srinivasan Sharada 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFifty-four per cent of India’s population is under 25 years of age and, as per the 2011 Population Census, close to 34 per cent of India’s rural population belonged to the age group 15–34. While the presence of a sizeable young population is believed to offer a demographic dividend, policy efforts to realize the dividend have not met with success. Poor prospects for livelihoods within agriculture, its declining importance as a sector in the national economy, and aspirations of rural youth and their parents to find futures in nonfarm sectors suggest that, like elsewhere, agriculture today is an unlikely option for the young in India. The chapter brings the question of youth in agriculture into focus. Despite a large share of rural youth involved in farming, there is limited research or policy attention on the issues and challenges that they face around farming, non-farm opportunities, succession, and intergenerational transfer of resources and knowledge. It makes the case for improving the livelihood prospects within agriculture in a context of changing youth aspirations. We argue that a clearer understanding of the issues is essential to frame a nuanced approach to support the role of youth in agriculture and the role of agriculture in youth livelihood strategies.
Prologue
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prologue situates this book within the epoch of post-truth, when society and humanity have grown apart, and ‘reality’ and ‘feeling’ have become one. The broader context is the Anthropocene, marked by a series of lifeways systematically exploiting the sources of production. In communication and technology, one-directional signals or ‘simplexes’ block off the contradicting input in parallel that could humanize. The result is, among others, polarization, populism, dehumanization, racism, conspiracy hypes, memetic escalation, a-historicism, dogmatic positivism, emo-cracy and identity politics, but also technologies of automation, massification, human resources formatism, algorithmic preprocessing, surveillance and remote-controlled warfare. Simplex phenomena dissociate feeling from meaning whereafter emotions can be manipulated.The diagnosis of Part I (Simplex Frames) comes with a remedy in Part II (Tensors of the Undertow). We have reason for optimism. In a knowledge society, whose currency is language instead of capital, altered vocabulary can end discrimination and injustice. The media-savvy generations are destined to drag us out of post-truth. They know about ‘tensors’ that stretch the simplex back to life. They cultivate intuition, the missing link between spirituality and knowledge.
Chapter Nine: A Model Leader
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReinforced by the previous ethnography-driven discussion, the theory turns to the political systems in US and Europe. Why have these systems rather accelerated than prevented the rise of simplex society, as epitomized in Trump’s post-truth presidency. Don Handelman’s pair of model and mirror in rituals comes in handy.The dwindling mediation between progressives and conservatives testifies to sedimented simplication. Politics has become ritual. Democrats distend their experiential frame toward the globe, so the best leader would be the one mirroring all. Republicans have their sphere contracted, so they elect a model they want to become. The so-called culture wars, science wars, the rise of post-fact, conspiracy and antivax theories, and the anti-conformist distrust of elites point to a divergence between ‘Stick to the facts, no belief’ and ‘Only belief, distrust facts’. It follows generations of simplication that left intuition untrained.The chapter counteracts the tendency by demonstrating that Democrats and Republicans complement each other as halves after the split. Each misses what the other has. The interrelation and dynamic of mutual learning are obvious in a tensorial and matrixial world, but no longer in a vectorial one. To rehumanize is to speciate.
Chapter Ten: Entropology
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis summary of the theory prepares for the final, considerably shorter chapters. It lays down the pieces of the puzzle in an entropology of human connectedness, impact and trust. Cultural, epochal specializations in distrust, futility and disconnection point to three types of entropy and six (structural and cognitive) subtypes.The theory substantiates a longue durée explanation of post-knowledge in relation to the preceding transitions of the Neolithic and modernity. A ‘speciated history’ differentiates between social, cultural and existential validity. Human experience has over a period of 10,000 years been consecutively deprived of its connection with sources of production, spheres and frames. The ways to escape from the simplex through de-simplication are centrifugal. They restore the dependence of meaning, event and energy on respectively culture, network and life. Participants become aware. An alternative technique with the same purpose of pulling the simplex into a dynamic is centripetal. Participants reconnect their inner feelings to meanings out there in the world after the simplex contracts to the real.The final chapters illustrate five tensors, each a way of centripetally regenerating social life (symbolized by the bundles of energy on the book cover). The discussed ethnography on divination already explained the technique of socially energizing. In each case an instance of contingency (or animate chance) removes all the clutter of symbolics and past speculations so that everyone and everything is in tune and the social situation can be rebooted. The reconnection of meaning and feeling strengthens trust and sense of impact.
Chapter Eleven: Soccer as Mirror
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis is the first of the final five chapters discussing the remedies for simplex society developed today. The cases are welded together into a comparative ethnography on life-sensing.Why would football serve the purpose of surrogacy for mass violence? Conflict between nations is predicated on simplicating peoples into nations, and among all sports football excels in replaying life and its multiplexity. Corroborating the argument, audiences of the most powerful nation, the US, have been less keen on watching the matches between national teams.Furthermore, international football competitions excite audiences for organizing a moment of the real, away from simplex society. Like democratic elections, public contests are unpredictable moments with major impact that announce a collective choice, reachable in this way. They intensify, through the public duel, the vectorial energy of antagonism and then something happens. The winner for all to see emerges out of that highly contracted event, and the feeling is shared about witnessing a collective reason that no sum of educated individual opinions could match.
Chapter Fifteen: Phantoms of the Future
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAfter providing a brief history of digital distress, this chapter delves into contemporary stimulations of intuition that justify optimism about society catching up on humanity and its potential (instead of the long-hailed opposite).Chwezi spirit possession evocatively magnifies what conscious perception does every day, to materialize the invisible. Like other animals, humans specialize in sensory modes, the exteroceptive, interoceptive and proprioceptive. The Y2K craze, the 9/11 aftermath and collective imaginaries about aliens tap into our ‘ulteroceptive’ senses. Are these a universal way to humanize a system? Can we leave spirituality out of the picture if validity of claims about the world is our aim?