bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN EXTENSION OF THE CLASSICAL RIBAUCOUR TRANSFORMATION
Authors: DAJCZER MARCOS , TOJEIRO RUY 
Published: May 2003

We extend the notion of Ribaucour transformation from classical surface theory to the theory of holonomic submanifolds of pseudo-Riemannian space forms with arbitrary dimension and codimension, that is, submanifolds with flat normal bundle admitting a global system of principal coordinates. Bianchi gave a positive answer to the question of whether among the Ribaucour transforms of a surface with constant mean or Gaussian curvature there exist other surfaces with the same property. Our main achievement is to solve the same problem for the class of holonomic submanifolds with constant sectional curvature. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 53B25, 58J72.
POLYNOMIAL DEHN FUNCTIONS AND THE LENGTH OF ASYNCHRONOUSLY AUTOMATIC STRUCTURES
Authors: BRIDSON MARTIN R. 
Published: May 2003

We extend the range of observed behaviour among length functions of optimal asynchronously automatic structures. We do so by means of a construction that yields asynchronously automatic groups with finite aspherical presentations where the Dehn function of the group is polynomial of arbitrary degree. Many of these groups can be embedded in the automorphism group of a free group. Moreover, the fact that the groups have aspherical presentations makes them useful tools in the search to determine the spectrum of exponents for second order Dehn functions. We contribute to this search by giving the first exact calculations of groups with quadratic and superquadratic exponents. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification:20F06, 20F65, 20F69.
MODEL THEORY OF DIFFERENCE FIELDS, II: PERIODIC IDEALS AND THE TRICHOTOMY IN ALL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: CHATZIDAKIS ZOÉ , HRUSHOVSKI EHUD , PETERZIL YA'ACOV 
Published: May 2003

We classify all possible combinatorial geometries associated with
one-dimensional difference equations, in any characteristic.
The theory of difference fields admits a proper interpretation of itself, namely the reduct
replacing the automorphism by its nth power. We show that these reducts admit a successively
smoother theory as n becomes large; and we succeed in defining a limit structure to these reducts,
or rather to the structure they induce on one-dimensional sets. This limit structure is shown to be
a Zariski geometry in (roughly) the sense of Hrushovski and Zil'ber. The trichotomy is thus obtained
for the limit structure as a consequence of a general theorem, and then shown to be inherited by the
original theory. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 03C60; (primary) 03C45,
03C98, 08A35, 12H10 (secondary)
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEAR C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: DADARLAT MARIUS , EILERS SØREN 
Published: May 2003

We employ results from KK-theory, along with quasidiagonality techniques, to obtain wide-ranging classification results for nuclear C*-algebras. Using a new realization of the Cuntz picture of the Kasparov groups we show that two morphisms inducing equal KK-elements are approximately stably unitarily equivalent. Using K-theory with coefficients to associate a partial KK-element to an approximate morphism, our result is generalized to cover such maps. Conversely, we study the problem of lifting a (positive) partial KK-element to an approximate morphism.
These results are employed to obtain classification results for certain classes of quasidiagonal C*-algebras introduced by H. Lin, and to reprove the classification of purely infinite simple nuclear C*-algebras of Kirchberg and Phillips. It is our hope that this work can be the starting point of a unified approach to the classification of nuclear C*-algebras.2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: primary 46L35; secondary 19K14, 19K35, 46L80.
ON BOHR'S INEQUALITY
Authors: PAULSEN VERN I. , POPESCU GELU , SINGH DINESH 
Published: May 2003

Bohr's inequality says that if $f(z) = \sum^{\infty}_{n = 0} a_n z^n$ is a bounded analytic function on the closed unit disc, then $\sum^{\infty}_{n = 0} \lvert a_n\rvert r^n \leq \Vert f\Vert_{\infty}$ for $0 \leq r \leq 1/3$ and that $1/3$ is sharp. In this paper we give an operator-theoretic proof of Bohr's inequality that is based on von Neumann's inequality. Since our proof is operator-theoretic, our methods extend to several complex variables and to non-commutative situations.We obtain Bohr type inequalities for the algebras of bounded analytic functions and the multiplier algebras of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces on various higher-dimensional domains, for the non-commutative disc algebra ${\mathcal A}_n$, and for the reduced (respectively full) group C*-algebra of the free group on $n$ generators.We also include an application to Banach algebras. We prove that every Banach algebra has an equivalent norm in which it satisfies a non-unital version of von Neumann's inequality.2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 47A20, 47A56.
Production of Genetically Engineered Biotinylated Interleukin-2 and Its Application in a Rapid Nonradioactive Assay for T-Cell Activation
Authors: Jordan Robert A. , Preissler Mark T. , Banas Jeffrey A. , Gosselin Edmund J. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTThe development of reliable assay systems that can measure lymphocyte activation in vitro has been a major goal of immunodiagnostics. Traditionally, tritiated thymidine incorporation has been used to monitor T-cell activation. Other methods include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and colorimetric assays. We have established a lymphocyte activation assay that utilizes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-streptavidin bound to recombinant biotinylated human interleukin-2 (IL-2). Utilizing recombinant DNA technology, a unique monobiotinylated human IL-2 has been created and isolated using the Promega PinPoint vector system. ELISA has been used to demonstrate streptavidin binding and recognition by a human IL-2-specific antibody. IL-2 function has been demonstrated using a murine IL-2-dependent T-cell line, CTLL-2, responsive to human IL-2. Recombinant biotinylated human IL-2 conjugated to streptavidin-FITC or streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase has been used to monitor T-cell activation in the presence of antigen as well as mitogen. The sensitivity and convenience of this method make this lymphocyte activation assay an attractive alternative to tritiated thymidine incorporation as a method for monitoring T-cell activation. In addition, the availability of a recombinant biotinylated human IL-2 will permit the production of a uniform product suitable for diagnostic and clinical application.
Immunoglobulin G Subisotype Responses of Pneumonic and Healthy, Exposed Foals and Adult Horses toRhodococcus equiVirulence-Associated Proteins
Authors: Hooper-McGrevy Kathleen E. , Wilkie Bruce N. , Prescott John F. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTRhodococcus equicauses severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and in immunocompromised humans. Replication of virulent isolates within macrophages correlates with the presence of a large plasmid which encodes a family of seven virulence-associated proteins (VapA and VapC to VapH), whose functions are unknown. Although cell-mediated immunity is thought to be crucial in eliminatingR. equiinfection, antibody partially protects foals. The antibody response to both VapA and VapC was similar in six adult horses and six naturally exposed but healthy foals, as well as in eight foals withR. equipneumonia. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) subisotype response of pneumonic foals to Vap proteins was significantly IgGb biased and also had a trend toward higher IgGT association compared to the isotype association of antibody in adult horses and healthy exposed foals. This suggests that in horses, IgGb and IgGT are Th2 isotypes and IgGa is a Th1 isotype. Furthermore, it suggests that foals which developR. equipneumonia have a Th2-biased, ineffective immune response whereas foals which become immune develop a Th1-biased immune response. Pneumonic foals had significantly more antibody to VapD and VapE than did healthy exposed foals. This may indicate a difference in the expression of these two Vap proteins during persistent infection. Alternatively, in pneumonic foals the deviation of the immune response toward VapD and VapE may reflect a bias unfavorable toR. equiresistance. These data indicate possible age-related differences in the equine immune response affecting Th1-Th2 bias as well as antibody specificity bias, which together favor the susceptibility of foals toR. equipneumonia.
Respiratory Disease in Kennelled Dogs: Serological Responses toBordetella bronchisepticaLipopolysaccharide Do Not Correlate with Bacterial Isolation or Clinical Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: Chalker Victoria J. , Toomey Crista , Opperman Shaun , Brooks Harriet W. , Ibuoye Michael A. , Brownlie Joe , Rycroft Andrew N. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTThe role ofBordetella bronchisepticain a natural outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated both by culture and serological analysis.B. bronchisepticawas found in the lungs of a large proportion of clinically healthy dogs and in a greater proportion of dogs with respiratory disease. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we analyzed the serological responses of a large number of dogs. Dogs with high antibody levels showed no protection from disease, and there was no correlation between the development of disease and rising antibody titer. Similarly, there was no difference in antibody levels in dogs with and withoutB. bronchisepticain the lungs. Antibodies to LPS have no predictive value in determining which animals will contract respiratory disease, how severe the disease will be, or which dogs will haveB. bronchisepticacolonizing the lungs.
Effects of Sample Collection and Storage Methods on Antipneumococcal Immunoglobulin A in Saliva
Authors: Nurkka A. , Obiero J. , Käyhty H. , Scott J. A. G. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Saliva contains components of both the mucosal and systemic immune systems. Variable flow rates, immunoglobulin proteases, and variation in collection and storage methods all introduce differences in the estimated concentrations of antibodies. We evaluated the effect of four collection methods and three storage protocols on the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to pneumococcal capsular antigens 1, 5, 6B, and 14 and to pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) in saliva. Specimens were collected from 30 healthy Kenyan adults by collecting drool, by pipette suction, and with two commercial kits, OraSure and Oracol. Aliquots from each specimen were snap-frozen with glycerol in liquid nitrogen or stored for 4 to 8 h at +4°C either with or without the addition of protease enzyme inhibitors prior to storage at −70°C. Anticapsular IgA concentrations were not significantly different with different collection methods, but snap-freezing the specimens in liquid nitrogen led to concentrations 41 to 47% higher than those of specimens stored by the other methods (
P
< 0.0005).
Relationship between Plasma Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 Levels and Severe Malarial Anemia in an Area of Holoendemicity in Western Kenya
Authors: Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Othoro Caroline , Shi Ya Ping , Otieno Juliana , Chaiyaroj Sansanee C. , Lal Altaf A. , Udhayakumar Venkatachalam 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated whether levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 in plasma are associated with severe malarial anemia outcomes in an area of holoendemicity in western Kenya. We compared plasma IL-12 and IL-18 levels in six groups of children grouped into the categories aparasitemic, asymptomatic, mild malaria, high-density uncomplicated malaria (UC), moderate malarial anemia (MMA), or severe malarial anemia (SMA). IL-12 levels were significantly reduced in children with SMA (P< 0.05) but not in other groups compared to children in the aparasitemic control group. IL-18, a cytokine known to be critical for the induction of gamma interferon along with IL-12, was produced more frequently (70%) in children with UC (P= 0.06) than in children in the aparasitemic control group (32%). However, in the SMA group the IL-18 response rate declined to 30%, which was similar to that in the aparasitemic control group, which showed a 32% response rate. This finding suggests that the IL-18 response may be impaired in children with SMA. In summary, the results from this study support the hypothesis that impairment of IL-12 and/or IL-18 response may contribute to the development of severe malarial anemia in areas of holoendemicity for malaria.
Production ofChlamydia pneumoniaeProteins inBacillus subtilisand Their Use in Characterizing Immune Responses in the Experimental Infection Model
Authors: Airaksinen Ulla , Penttilä Tuula , Wahlström Eva , Vuola Jenni M. , Puolakkainen Mirja , Sarvas Matti 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTDue to intracellular growth requirements, large-scale cultures of chlamydiae and purification of its proteins are difficult and laborious. To overcome these problems we produced chlamydial proteins in a heterologous host,Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive nonpathogenic bacterium. The genes ofChlamydia pneumoniaemajor outer membrane protein (MOMP), the cysteine-rich outer membrane protein (Omp2), and the heat shock protein (Hsp60) were amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were cloned into expression vectors containing a promoter, a ribosome binding site, and a truncated signal sequence of the α-amylase gene fromBacillus amyloliquefaciens. C. pneumoniaegenes were readily expressed inB. subtilisunder the control of the α-amylase promoter. The recombinant proteins MOMP and Hsp60 were purified from the bacterial lysate with the aid of the carboxy-terminal histidine hexamer tag by affinity chromatography. The Omp2 was separated as an insoluble fraction after 8 M urea treatment. The purified proteins were successfully used as immunogens and as antigens in serological assays and in a lymphoproliferation test. The Omp2 and Hsp60 antigens were readily recognized by the antibodies appearing after pulmonary infection following intranasal inoculation ofC. pneumoniaein mice. Also, splenocytes collected from mice immunized with MOMP or Hsp60 proteins proliferated in response to in vitro stimulation with the corresponding proteins.
NF-κB Is Involved in Regulation of CD40 Ligand Expression onMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guérin-Activated Human T Cells
Authors: Méndez-Samperio Patricia , Ayala Hilda , Vázquez Abraham 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTInteraction between CD40L (CD154) on activated T cells and its receptor CD40 on antigen-presenting cells has been reported to be important in the resolution of infection by mycobacteria. However, the mechanism(s) by whichMycobacterium bovisbacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) up-regulates membrane expression of CD40L molecules is poorly understood. This study was done to investigate the role of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the regulation of CD40L expression in human CD4+T cells stimulated with BCG. Specific pharmacologic inhibition of the NF-κB pathway revealed that this signaling cascade was required in the regulation of CD40L expression on the surface of BCG-activated CD4+T cells. These results were further supported by the fact that treatment of BCG-activated CD4+T cells with these pharmacological inhibitors significantly down-regulated CD40L mRNA. In this study, inhibitor κBα (IκBα) and IκBβ protein production was not affected by the chemical protease inhibitors and, more importantly, BCG led to the rapid but transient induction of NF-κB activity. Our results also indicated that CD40L expression on BCG-activated CD4+T cells resulted from transcriptional up-regulation of the CD40L gene by a mechanism which is independent of de novo protein synthesis. Interestingly, BCG-induced activation of NF-κB and the increased CD40L cell surface expression were blocked by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors 1-[5-isoquinolinesulfonyl]-2-methylpiperazine and salicylate, both of which block phosphorylation of IκB. Moreover, rottlerin a Ca2+-independent PKC isoform inhibitor, significantly down-regulated CD40L mRNA in BCG-activated CD4+T cells. These data strongly suggest that CD40L expression by BCG-activated CD4+T cells is regulated via the PKC pathway and by NF-κB DNA binding activity.
Humoral Immune Responses to S-Layer-Like Proteins of
Bacteroides forsythus
Authors: Yoneda Masahiro , Hirofuji Takao , Motooka Noriko , Nozoe Koji , Shigenaga Kayoko , Anan Hisashi , Miura Mayumi , Kabashima Hiroaki , Matsumoto Akiko , Maeda Katsumasa 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Bacteroides forsythus
is one of the important periodontopathic bacteria, and this microorganism is known to have an S-layer outside the outer membrane. The S-layer-like antigens were recently isolated from
B. forsythus
, and they were found to be 270- and 230-kDa proteins in the envelope fraction. In this study, these proteins were confirmed to be specific to
B. forsythus
by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and they were clearly recognized by sera from patients with adult and early-onset periodontitis in Western immmunoblot analysis. We compared the immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses against the purified S-layer-like antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG responses against this antigen were low in healthy control subjects, but they were significantly higher in subjects with adult and early-onset periodontitis. Together with the fact that the IgG responses against the crude extract of
B. forsythus
did not rise significantly in patients with periodontitis, S-layer-like proteins are considered to be specific antigens of
B. forsythus
and may play an important role in the progression of periodontitis.
Cervicovaginal Neutralizing Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in Women Seropositive for HSV Types 1 and 2
Authors: Mbopi-Kéou Francois-Xavier , Bélec Laurent , Dalessio Julie , Legoff Jérôme , Grésenguet Gérard , Mayaud Philippe , Brown David W. G. , Ashley Morrow Rhoda 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
Antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA isotypes were detected in the cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) of 77 HSV-1- and HSV-2-seropositive but clinically asymptomatic African women by type-specific enhanced chemiluminescence Western blotting (ECL-WB). Of the 77 subjects, 34 were HIV negative, shedding HSV-2 DNA in their genital secretions; 20 were HIV positive, shedding HSV-2 DNA; and 23 were HIV negative, not shedding HSV-2 DNA. HSV-specific IgG was detected in CVS of nearly 70% of the women studied. HSV-specific IgA was found in CVS of 50% of the women studied. The distribution of CVS HSV-specific antibodies to each HSV type was highly heterogeneous, with a slight predominance of detectable IgG to HSV-1 (59%) over IgG to HSV-2 (41%), whereas the frequency of detectable IgA to HSV-1 (39%) was similar to that of IgA to HSV-2 (36%). The presence of detectable HSV-specific antibodies was inversely associated with HSV-2 DNA genital asymptomatic shedding but was not affected by HIV seropositivity. In addition, 13 of 77 (17%) CVS samples showed neutralizing activity against HSV-2, as assessed by an HSV-2 in vitro infectivity reduction assay. Neutralizing activity in CVS was associated with the presence of IgG and/or IgA antibodies to HSV-1 and/or to HSV-2 by ECL-WB. Among women whose CVS showed HSV-2-neutralizing activity, the specific activity of HSV-specific neutralizing antibodies was substantially (fivefold) higher in HSV-2 DNA shedders than in nonshedders. In conclusion, HSV-specific antibodies are frequently detected in CVS of asymptomatic African women seropositive for HSV-1 and HSV-2. A subset of these women had functional neutralizing activity against HSV-2 in their CVS. The origin of these antibodies and their role in HSV-2 disease of the female genital tract remain to be determined.
Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Infection
Authors: Jang Won-Jong , Huh Myung-Suk , Park Kyung-Hee , Choi Myung-Sik , Kim Ik-Sang 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

To differentiate scrub typhus from other acute febrile diseases, a rapid and reliable serological diagnosis is important. We developed an immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of recent
Orientia tsutsugamushi
infections in humans. The 56-kDa major outer membrane protein of
O. tsutsugamushi
is well known as the most immunodominant antigen in scrub typhus. The test is based on the use of the biotinylated recombinant 56-kDa protein of
O. tsutsugamushi
Boryong, Bor56, which was expressed as a fusion protein with a maltose-binding protein in
Escherichia coli
. In the test, the serum IgM antibodies were captured by anti-human IgM antibodies coated onto a microtiter plate. The captured IgM antibodies were revealed through sequential addition of biotinylated Bor56 antigen and peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin to the plate. The IgM capture ELISA was compared with the immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) by testing 176 serum samples from patients with diagnosed cases of rickettsial disease and patients with other acute febrile diseases. Of the 81 IgG IFA-positive samples, 78 tested positive (sensitivity, 96.3%) and all 31 IgM IFA-positive samples tested positive (sensitivity, 100%) by the IgM capture ELISA. The specificity of the IgM capture ELISA was 99%, and 1 of the 95 IFA-negative samples was positive in the assay. These results strongly suggest that IgM capture ELISA using the recombinant Bor56 antigen is a reliable and detailed method for the detection of early
O. tsutsugamushi
infection.
MD-2 Is Necessary for the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Protein To Undergo Glycosylation Essential for Its Translocation to the Cell Surface
Authors: Ohnishi Takahiro , Muroi Masashi , Tanamoto Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

MD-2 has been reported to be required for the translocation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to the cell surface. However, the mechanism by which MD-2 promotes TLR4 translocation is unknown. We identified the presence of two forms of TLR4 with different molecular masses (approximately 110 and 130 kDa) when TLR4 was expressed together with MD-2. Expressing TLR4 alone produced only the 110-kDa form. Using a membrane-impermeable biotinylation reagent, we found that only the 130-kDa form of TLR4 was expressed on the cell surface. When a cellular extract prepared from cells expressing TLR4 and MD-2 was treated with
N
-glycosidase, the two forms of TLR4 converged into a single band whose size was smaller than the 110-kDa form of TLR4. Mutation of TLR4 at Asn
526
or Asn
575
resulted in the disappearance of the 130-kDa form and prevented TLR4 from being expressed on the cell surface without affecting the ability of TLR4 to associate with MD-2. These results indicate that TLR4 is able to undergo multiple glycosylations without MD-2 but that the specific glycosylation essential for cell surface expression requires the presence of MD-2.