bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On inference in high-dimensional logistic regression models with separated data
Authors: Lewis R M , Battey H S 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Direct use of the likelihood function typically produces severely biased estimates when the dimension of the parameter vector is large relative to the effective sample size. With linearly separable data generated from a logistic regression model, the loglikelihood function asymptotes and the maximum likelihood estimator does not exist. We show that an exact analysis for each regression coefficient produces half-infinite confidence sets for some parameters when the data are separable. Such conclusions are not vacuous, but an honest portrayal of the limitations of the data. Finite confidence sets are only achievable when additional, perhaps implicit, assumptions are made. Under a notional double-asymptotic regime in which the dimension of the logistic coefficient vector increases with the sample size, the present paper considers the implications of enforcing a natural constraint on the vector of logistic transformed probabilities. We derive a relationship between the logistic coefficients and a notional parameter obtained as a probability limit of an ordinary least-squares estimator. The latter exists even when the data are separable. Consistency is ascertained under weak conditions on the design matrix.
A molecular phylogeny of the early-branching Genistoid lineages of papilionoid legumes reveals a new Amazonian genus segregated from Clathrotropis
Authors: Gregório Bernarda de S , Carvalho Catarina S , Ramos Gustavo , Rocha Lamarck , Stirton Charles H , de Lima Haroldo C , Zartman Charles E , Lewis Gwilym P , Torke Benjamin M , Snak Cristiane , Higuita Heriberto A D , de Queiroz Luciano P , Cardoso Domingos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic studies focused on the early-branching papilionoid legumes have revealed many new clades and supported several generic realignments, yet the monophyly of some of the constituent genera has remained unassessed. This is the case for the Amazonian genus Clathrotropis of the tribe Ormosieae. The genus, as traditionally circumscribed, comprises seven species of trees, including some of the most ecologically hyper dominant taxa across the Amazonian terra firme and seasonally flooded forests. Here we employed a Bayesian analysis of densely sampled nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and plastid matK and trnL intron DNA sequences to evaluate the monophyly of Clathrotropis. All individual and concatenated analyses concurred in showing the non-monophyletic nature of Clathrotropis, whose species fall into three distantly related lineages: one, comprised of C. brachypetala, C. brunnea, C. glaucophylla and the ecologically dominant C. macrocarpa, is circumscribed here as the new genus Cabari; the two others, comprising C. paradoxa and the widespread C. nitida, are more closely related to Spirotropis of the tribe Ormosieae. Such phylogeny-based dismemberment of Clathrotropis is further supported by vegetative, floral, fruit, and seed characters. Although the genes analysed in this study have provided phylogenetically informative data supporting the need for a new circumscription of Clathrotropis, we suggest that future phylogenomic studies should seek to better resolve the relationships of the newly described genus Cabari across the phylogenetically recalcitrant early-branching nodes of the Genistoid clade.
An Intrusion Detection Method Based on Attention Mechanism to Improve CNN-BiLSTM Model
Authors: Shou Dingyu , Li Chao , Wang Zhen , Cheng Song , Hu Xiaobo , Zhang Kai , Wen Mi , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Security of computer information can be improved with the use of a network intrusion detection system. Since the network environment is becoming more complex, more and more new methods of attacking the network have emerged, making the original intrusion detection methods ineffective. Increased network activity also causes intrusion detection systems to identify errors more frequently. We suggest a new intrusion detection technique in this research that combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model with a Bi-directional Long Short-term Memory Network (BiLSTM) model for adding attention mechanisms. We distinguish our model from existing methods in three ways. First, we use the NCR-SMOTE algorithm to resample the dataset. Secondly, we use recursive feature elimination method based on extreme random tree to select features. Thirdly, we improve the profitability and accuracy of predictions by adding attention mechanism to CNN-BiLSTM. This experiment uses UNSW-UB15 dataset composed of real traffic, and the accuracy rate of multi-classification is 84.5$\%$; the accuracy rate of multi-classification in CSE-IC-IDS2018 dataset reached 98.3$\%$.
Lobbying Sanctions: Data from the European Union
Authors: Meissner Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article introduces the Lobbying EU Sanctions dataset. Sanctions have become a decisive tool in international relations, including in the European Union’s (EU) foreign affairs. Business actors are heavily affected by sanctions, especially economic and financial ones. Yet, scholarship and the public know little about how business actors interact with decision-makers in the context of sanctions. The Lobbying EU Sanctions dataset addresses this problem. The dataset builds on an original survey (2020) with European business groups and contains data on their interactions with decision-makers regarding EU restrictive measures. The article discusses the need for fine-grained data on interaction between business groups and decision-makers in the area of sanctions, describes the survey design and structure of the data, presents some initial survey findings, and illustrates how the Lobbying EU Sanctions dataset opens new opportunities for research on sanctions.
Finding information about uncharacterized Drosophila melanogaster genes
Authors: Mohr Stephanie E , Kim Ah-Ram , Hu Yanhui , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genes that have been identified in the genome but remain uncharacterized with regards to function offer an opportunity to uncover novel biological information. Novelty is exciting but can also be a barrier. If nothing is known, how does one start planning and executing experiments? Here, we provide a recommended information-mining workflow and a corresponding guide to accessing information about uncharacterized Drosophila melanogaster genes, such as those assigned only a systematic coding gene identifier. The available information can provide insights into where and when the gene is expressed, what the function of the gene might be, whether there are similar genes in other species, whether there are known relationships to other genes, and whether any other features have already been determined. In addition, available information about relevant reagents can inspire and facilitate experimental studies. Altogether, mining available information can help prioritize genes for further study, as well as provide starting points for experimental assays and other analyses.
Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease–Related Pathology Profiles Across Apolipoprotein Groups
Authors: Morrison Cassandra , Dadar Mahsa , Kamal Farooq , Collins D Louis ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), whereas the ɛ2 allele is thought to be protective against AD. Few studies have examined the relationship between brain pathologies, atrophy, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and APOE status in those with the ɛ2ɛ4 genotype and results are inconsistent for those with an ɛ2 allele. Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging participants were divided into 1 of 4 APOE allele profiles (E4 = ɛ4ɛ4 or ɛ3ɛ4; E2 = ɛ2ɛ2 or ɛ2ɛ3; E3 = ɛ3ɛ3; or E24 = ɛ2ɛ4). Linear mixed models examined the relationship between APOE profiles and brain changes (i.e., regional WMHs, ventricle size, hippocampal and entorhinal cortex volume, amyloid level, and phosphorylated tau measures), while controlling for age, sex, education, and diagnostic status at baseline and over time. APOE ɛ4 was associated with increased pathology, whereas ɛ2 positivity is associated with reduced baseline and lower accumulation of pathologies and neurodegeneration. APOE ɛ2ɛ4 was similar to ɛ4 (increased neurodegeneration) but with a slower rate of change. The strong associations observed between APOE and pathology show the importance of how genetic factors influence structural brain changes. These findings suggest that ɛ2ɛ4 genotype is related to increased declines associated with the ɛ4 as opposed to the protective effects of the ɛ2. These findings have important implications for initiating treatments and interventions. Given that people with the ɛ2ɛ4 genotype can expect to have increased atrophy, they should be considered (alongside those with an ɛ4) in targeted interventions to reduce brain changes that occur with AD.
Older Drivers Reduced Engagement in Distracting Behaviors Over a Six-Year Period: Findings From the Candrive Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bédard Michel , Maxwell Hillary , Weaver Bruce , Stinchcombe Arne , Gélinas Isabelle , Mazer Barbara , Naglie Gary , Porter Michelle M , Rapoport Mark J , Tuokko Holly , Vrkljan Brenda , Marshall Shawn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Baltes and Baltes’ “selective optimization with compensation” model is pertinent to driving but evidence about the use of compensation using longitudinal designs is scarce. Therefore, we sought to determine if older drivers reduced their engagement in distracting behaviors while driving, over a 6-year period.

Methods
We used data captured over several annual assessments from a cohort of 583 drivers aged 70 and older to determine if their engagement in 12 distracting behaviors (e.g., listening to the radio, talking with passengers) declined over time. We adjusted our multivariable model for several potential confounders of the association between our outcome variable and time.

Results
Overall, and after adjustment for potential confounders, the participants reduced their engagement in distracting behaviors over the study period (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95–0.97). Baseline age was negatively associated with engagement in distracting behaviors (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.94–0.96). Men engaged in more distracting behaviors than women (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.27), as did participants living in the largest urban centers compared to participants living in the smallest areas (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04–1.41). The number of kilometers driven per year (for every 10,000 km) was positively associated with the proportion of distracting behaviors drivers engaged in (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.08–1.19).

Discussion
Drivers in our cohort reduced their engagement in distracting behaviors over the study period. This suggests that older drivers adjust their driving over time, which aligns with age-related theories and models about compensation.
The socio-environmental impact of mining in a peripheral Andean region, 1776–1831
Authors: Sironi Osvaldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From an environmental-historical perspective, this article seeks to contribute to the characterization of mining and metallurgy developed in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in the Argentine Cuyo region (Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis). It also seeks to examine the role they played in the region’s socio-historical dynamics, particularly in terms of the appropriation of available natural resources and the strategies employed in mining labours. The relationship among economic activities and the environmental configuration of the Cuyo territory and the social agents that lived there is analysed through four case studies that allow for greater understanding of the central role of sociopolitical causes in the definition of environmental transformations.
Size-based indicators for assessments of ecological status of coastal fish communities
Authors: Östman Ö , Hommik K , Bolund E , Heikinheimo O , Olin M , Lejk A M , Svirgsden R , Smoliński S , Olsson J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human impact does not only affect the abundances of fish, but also the age- and size-distributions. Indicators of fish age and size-structures can hence be useful tools for fisheries- and environmental management. Size-based indicators have been tested and proposed for large, homogenous marine ecosystems with high fishing mortality, but rarely for fine-scaled heterogeneous ecosystems in coastal zones. Here we analyse a suite of size indicators for coastal fish communities in the Baltic Sea, including mean and median length, 10th and 90th-percentile of the length distribution (L10, L90), mean length of the 10% largest fish (Lmax), large fish indices, size-spectra, and size-diversity. Results show good precision and accuracy of most indicators at realistic sample sizes, except for size-spectra and size-diversity, making them less suitable. Different indicators showed correlations among sites, indicating similar responses to environmental variation. Most size indicators responded positively to lower fishing pressure, especially indicators emphasizing the largest individuals in the population (e.g. L90 and Lmax), whereas eutrophication and physical disturbances had less impact. We conclude that size-based indicators aiming at describing the occurrence of larger fish, like L90 and Lmax, are useful for establishing management targets and assessing the status of coastal fish.
Lifts of Supersingular Abelian Varieties With Small Mumford–Tate Groups
Authors: Lam Yeuk Hay Joshua , Oswal Abhishek 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We investigate to what extent an abelian variety over a finite field can be lifted to one in characteristic zero with small Mumford–Tate group. We prove that supersingular abelian surfaces, respectively three-folds, can be lifted to ones isogenous to a square, respectively product, of elliptic curves. On the other hand, we show that supersingular abelian three-folds cannot be lifted to one isogenous to the cube of an elliptic curve over the Witt vectors.
High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis among primary schoolchildren in Southwest Ethiopia: the need for health strategies alongside mass drug administration
Authors: Meleko Asrat , Turgeman Dorin Brener , Caplan Naomi , Baum Sarit , Zerai Nisan K , Zaadnoordijk Willemijn , Bruck Michal , Sabar Galia , Bentwich Zvi , Golan Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and schistosomiasis remain widely prevalent in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of STH and schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Gidi Bench district (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Republic, Southwest Ethiopia) and the association with knowledge and health-related behaviors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Stool samples, analyzed by the Kato-Katz technique and a knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire, were collected.

Results
Out of 611 participants (mean age 12.8±3.1 y), 129 (21.1%) were infected with schistosomiasis and 382 (62.5%) had STH. More than 30% (n=195, 31.9%) were infected with a single intestinal parasite, while 138 (22.6%) and 47 (7.7%) were infected with two or three parasitic infections, respectively. Boys and those who did not participate in school clubs had higher infection rates (p=0.05). Lower parasitic infection was associated with using a latrine when available, washing hands and vegetables and wearing shoes regularly. Higher rates of infection were found among those who reported swimming and washing cloths and utensils in the river regularly.

Conclusions
Schistosomiasis and STH were highly prevalent among schoolchildren in Gidi Bench district. Infection rates were associated with gender, lack of knowledge on parasitic infections and unhealthy behaviors. Findings from this study may assist in decision making regarding disease prevalence and methods of control alongside mass drug administration.
‘The law is very, very outdated and not keeping up with the technology’: novel forms of assisted gestation, legal challenges, and perspectives of reproductive rights advocates in England and Wales
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A growing body of literature examines the ethico-legal challenges resulting from novel forms of assisted gestation like uterus transplantation and artificial placentas (also known as ‘artificial wombs’). However, there has not yet been consideration of reproductive rights organizations/advocates’ understandings of novel forms of assisted gestation and their challenges. These perspectives provide critical insight into how novel procreative practices are understood and the problems and pressures that might arise from their use. This is the first legal article to engage with reproductive rights organizations/advocates and thus it provides important contextual grounding to existing scholarship about assisted gestation. Focus group discussion epitomized the need for legal reform in key areas surrounding reproduction. Themes were constructed that exemplify what participants highlighted as critical: the need to re-evaluate the fundamentals of legal parenthood, consideration of how novel technologies could further enable the policing of gestation, and the space and time needed for law-making.
Unveiling the immune system aging in single-cell resolution
Authors: Chan Chun Lai , Sugimura Ryohichi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis commentary investigates the findings presented in the article by Yang et al. in 2023, published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology. This commentary first summarizes the spatial-temporal dynamics of regulatory T cells derived from mice (Tabula Muris Senis) of different ages (3, 18, and 24 mo) at different anatomic niches like lymph nodes and bone marrow. We also reported possible combinations of receptor–ligand interactions among T follicular regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells, and germinal center B cells, such as the calmodulin/Fas axis and PSGL-1/L-selectin axis. Then, we have elaborated on the significance of understanding aging regulatory T cells and offered some possible future research directions for Yang et al., contributing to a critical analysis of their recent study. Building on these foundations, further investigations and studies can be conducted to delve deeper into the mechanisms by which regulatory T cells influence health upon aging, potentially unveiling novel therapeutic targets to ameliorate age-related pathogenicity.
Phylogeographic inference for Bichromomyia flaviscutellata sensu stricto (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phebotominae) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, based on the 3ʹ region of the COI gene
Authors: de Melo Leonardo Barroso , Scarpassa Vera Margarete 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) sensu stricto (Diptera: Psychodidae) has been recognized as the main vector of Leishmania amazonensis in the Brazilian Amazon. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to understand the distribution of genetic diversity of populations of this vector, particularly the genetic structure and gene flow, for its management and control efforts. This study investigated the phylogeographic structure of five B. flaviscutellata s.s. populations from the central Brazilian Amazon region by analyzing 1,141 bp fragment of the 3ʹ region of the COI gene. A total of 85 specimens of B. flaviscutellata s.s. were sequenced from Manaus (14), Rio Preto da Eva (10), Pitinga (14), Novo Airão (21), and Autazes (26); all in the state of Amazonas. The dataset yielded 59 haplotypes, most of them connected to each other in the main network. There were high levels of intrapopulation genetic variability (h = 0.945 ± 0.035 – 0.978 ± 0.054). The genetic distance values among populations varied from moderate (0.0873) to very high (0.3535), and all comparisons were significant, as well as the hierarchical analysis (ΦST = 0.2145). In contrast, these comparisons revealed a high number of shared sites (Ss = 6–34) and no difference in fixed sites (Sf = 0) among populations indicating absence of historical isolation. The Mantel test indicated that 67.92% (r = 0.6792; P = 0.06) of the genetic structure observed in B. flaviscutellata s.s. cannot be explained by the isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. This genetic structure, weakly explained by the IBD, may be due mainly by the forest habitat fragmentation and the low dispersal (flight) capacity of sand flies. Both factors could lead to population fragmentation and isolation, which promote genetic differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the genetic structure observed in the studied populations of B. flaviscutellata s.s. is likely generated by microevolutionary processes acting at the population level at the present time and, therefore, evolutionary lineages were not recognized among the populations analyzed.
The Heterogeneity of Bioethics: Discussions of Harm, Abortion, and Conceptual Clarity of Bioethical Terminology
Authors: Hrabovsky Ryan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy exemplifies the diverse range of topics that fall under the scope of bioethics and the philosophy of medicine. The eight essays in this number challenge many of the underlying assumptions made in the philosophy of medicine, health care, the abortion debate, the nature of harm, disability, the moral status of human beings, and pandemic lockdown procedures.
Epistemic injustice? Banning ‘critical race theory’, ‘divisive topics’, and ‘embedded racism’ in the classroom
Authors: Lara-Steidel Henry , Thompson Winston C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In more than half of its states, the USA has recently passed or proposed legislation to limit or ban public educational curricular reference to race, gender, sexuality, or other identity topics. The stated justifications for these legislative moves are myriad, but they share a foundational claim; namely, these topics are asserted to be politically and socially divisive such that they ought not to be included within state-controlled schools. In this paper, we consider the claims of divisiveness regarding these topics and explore whether, even if taken in good faith, the popular versions of these arguments and actions are epistemically defensible. We conclude that these bans are an epistemic injustice and therefore argue for their end. The article proceeds to consider the foundational claims of epistemic injustice, followed by the invocation of epistemic standards by which the arguments for these bans can be evaluated. The article then transitions to a close application of these standards, weighing the possible epistemic gains and losses. Before concluding, we consider objections and explore the social and epistemic significance of these issues.
Horseshoe prior Bayesian quantile regression
Authors: Kohns David , Szendrei Tibor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper extends the horseshoe prior to Bayesian quantile regression and provides a fast sampling algorithm for computation in high dimensions. Compared to alternative shrinkage priors, our method yields better performance in coefficient bias and forecast error, especially in sparse designs and in estimating extreme quantiles. In a high-dimensional growth-at-risk forecasting application, we forecast tail risks and complete forecast densities using a database covering over 200 macroeconomic variables. Quantile specific and density calibration score functions show that our method provides competitive performance compared to competing Bayesian quantile regression priors, especially at short- and medium-run horizons.