bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioluminescent human breast cancer cell lines that permit rapid and sensitive in vivodetection of mammary tumors and multiple metastases in immune deficient mice
Authors: Jenkins Darlene E , Hornig Yvette S , Oei Yoko , Dusich Joan , Purchio Tony 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Our goal was to generate xenograft mouse models of human breast cancer based on luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-231 tumor cells that would provide rapid mammary tumor growth; produce metastasis to clinically relevant tissues such as lymph nodes, lung, and bone; and permit sensitive in vivo detection of both primary and secondary tumor sites by bioluminescent imaging.

Method
Two clonal cell sublines of human MDA-MB-231 cells that stably expressed firefly luciferase were isolated following transfection of the parental cells with luciferase cDNA. Each subline was passaged once or twice in vivo to enhance primary tumor growth and to increase metastasis. The resulting luciferase-expressing D3H1 and D3H2LN cells were analyzed for long-term bioluminescent stability, primary tumor growth, and distal metastasis to lymph nodes, lungs, bone and soft tissues by bioluminescent imaging. Cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of nude and nude-beige mice or were delivered systemically via intracardiac injection. Metastasis was also evaluated by ex vivo imaging and histologic analysis postmortem.

Results
The D3H1 and D3H2LN cell lines exhibited long-term stable luciferase expression for up to 4–6 months of accumulative tumor growth time in vivo. Bioluminescent imaging quantified primary mammary fat pad tumor development and detected early spontaneous lymph node metastasis in vivo. Increased frequency of spontaneous lymph node metastasis was observed with D3H2LN tumors as compared with D3H1 tumors. With postmortem ex vivo imaging, we detected additional lung micrometastasis in mice with D3H2LN mammary tumors. Subsequent histologic evaluation of tissue sections from lymph nodes and lung lobes confirmed spontaneous tumor metastasis at these sites. Following intracardiac injection of the MDA-MB-231-luc tumor cells, early metastasis to skeletal tissues, lymph nodes, brain and various visceral organs was detected. Weekly in vivo imaging data permitted longitudinal analysis of metastasis at multiple sites simultaneously. Ex vivo imaging data from sampled tissues verified both skeletal and multiple soft tissue tumor metastasis.

Conclusion
This study characterized two new bioluminescent MDA-MB-231-luc human breast carcinoma cell lines with enhanced tumor growth and widespread metastasis in mice. Their application to current xenograft models of breast cancer offers rapid and highly sensitive detection options for preclinical assessment of anticancer therapies in vivo.
Differential Regulation of Sodium/Iodide Symporter Gene Expression by Nuclear Receptor Ligands in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kogai Takahiko , Kanamoto Yoko , Li Andrew I. , Che Lisa H. , Ohashi Emi , Taki Katsumi , Chandraratna Roshantha A. , Saito Tsukasa , Brent Gregory A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide uptake in lactating breast tissue and is expressed in some breast cancers. We have previously demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) stimulates NIS gene expression and the selective cytotoxic effect of β-emitting radioiodide-131 (131I) in both in vitro and in vivo MCF-7 breast cancer cell systems. We studied the ability of natural and synthetic retinoids, in combination with other nuclear receptor ligands, to achieve greater and more sustained induction of NIS in MCF-7 cells and enhance 131I-mediated cytotoxicity. Selective stimulation of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) β/γ produced marked NIS induction; and selective stimulation of RARα, RARγ, or retinoid X receptor produced more modest induction. Maximal NIS induction was seen with 9-cis retinoic acid and AGN190168, a RAR β/γ-agonist. Dexamethasone (Dex), but not the other nuclear receptor ligands, in combination with tRA synergistically induced iodide uptake and NIS mRNA expression, predominantly by prolonging NIS mRNA half-life. The addition of Dex reduced the EC50 of tRA for NIS stimulation to approximately 7%, such that 10 −7m tRA with addition of Dex enhanced iodide uptake and selective cytotoxicity of 131I greater than 10−6m tRA alone. AGN190168 combined with Dex synergistically increased iodide uptake and significantly prolonged induction (5 d) of iodide uptake compared with that induced by the combination of tRA/Dex or 9-cis retinoic acid/Dex. The addition of Dex reduced the effective dose of retinoid and prolonged the induction of NIS, especially with AGN190168, suggesting higher efficacy of 131I after combination treatment.
Differential Expression of Procollagen Lysine 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Deoxygenase and Matrix Metalloproteinase Isoforms in Hypothyroid Rat Ovary and Disintegration of Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Saha Samir Kumar , Ghosh Pamela , Konar Aditya , Bhattacharya Samir , Roy Sib Sankar 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Hypothyroid-induced reproductive malfunction in both the sexes is a common phenomenon of global concern. In an attempt to characterize the differentially expressed genes that might be responsible for these disorders, we have identified a number of clones in hypothyroid rat ovary by subtractive hybridization. One such clone is procollagen lysyl hydroxylase2 (Plod-2), the key enzyme for the first step of collagen biosynthetic pathway, which was down-regulated in hypothyroid condition. We have also demonstrated the reduced expression of other isoforms of Plods, namely Plod-1 and -3 in hypothyroid rat ovary. The current studies are the first of their kind to report that thyroid hormone regulates the Plod gene in rat ovary. Moreover, we have shown the up-regulation of matrix-degrading enzyme(s), matrix metalloproteinase(s) in the hypothyroid rat ovary, whereas the tissue-inhibitory metalloproteinase is down-regulated. Finally, the results of the present studies indicate that in hypothyroid condition, collagen biosynthesis in ovary seems to be disturbed with concomitant enhancement in collagen degradation, resulting in disintegration of overall ovarian structure.
Micelle Formation and Surface Adsorption of Octaethylene Glycol Monoalkyl Ether (CnE8)
Authors: Rusdi Muhammad , Moroi Yoshikiyo , Hlaing Thein , Matsuoka Keisuke 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The surface tension was measured against the concentration of CnE8 (n = 14, 16, and 18) at temperatures of 298.2, 303.2, 308.2, 313.2, and 318.2 K, from which the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined. The CMC decreased with increasing carbon number at lower temperatures, where the decreasing rate became much smaller at higher temperatures. The CMC values were examined by pyrene fluorescence, and the I1/I3 ratio of the pyrene spectrum steeply decreased below the CMC, and finally reached a plateau at higher surfactant concentrations. The I1/I3 ratios indicate that the microenvironment of pyrene in the micellar region becomes more hydrophobic with increasing the alkyl chain of CnE8. The aggregation number by a static light-scattering method increased with increasing the alkyl chain at a definite temperature and with raising the temperature for all of the surfactants. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, TΔS°) of the micelle formation were calculated from the temperature dependence of CMC and the aggregation number, and the micellization was found to be entropy-driven. The surface excess concentration (Γ) was also determined from the change in the surface tension with the concentration from which the molecular surface area (A) below the CMC was evaluated. The molecular surface areas suggest that longer monoalkyl ethers form a bi-molecular layer with the hydrophobic tail intruding inwards. The positive entropy change (Δs) for the surface adsorption decreased and stayed almost constant with increasing concentration for C14E8 and C16E8, while the change remained almost zero for C18E8 at whole concentrations below the CMC. These results suggest that the non-fully extended alkyl chain in the bulk could not well contribute to a positive entropy change upon adsorption, which results in a smaller decreasing rate in CMC with increasing carbon number of alkylchain for C16E8 and C18E8 compared with the decreasing rate for CnE8 with n less than 14.
One-Range Addition Theorems for Yukawa-Like Central and Noncentral Interaction Potentials and Their Derivatives
Authors: Guseinov I I 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Using addition theorems for Slater-type orbitals, obtained by the author with the help of complete orthonormal sets of Ψα-Exponential type orbitals (α = 1, 0, −1, −2, ...), the one-range addition theorems for arbitrary Yukawa-like central and noncentral interaction potentials and their first and second derivatives are established. The addition theorems derived for the interaction potentials and the Slater orbitals are especially useful for machine computations of arbitrary multielectron multicenter integrals that arise in the Hartree–Fock–Roothaan approximation, and also in the Hylleraas-correlated wave-function method, which play a significant role in the theory and applications to quantum mechanics of atoms, molecules, and solids. The obtained relationships are valid for arbitrary nonzero screening constants of the potentials.
Multielement Determination of Trace Metals in Seawater by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry after Tandem Preconcentration Using a Chelating Resin
Authors: Zhu Yanbei , Itoh Akihide , Fujimori Eiji , Umemura Tomonari , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
A tandem preconcentration method using a chelating resin was exploited for simultaneous multielement determination of trace metals in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the first preconcentration step, 500 mL of seawater sample was adjusted to pH 6.0, and the adsorption of trace metals on 0.4 g of Chelex-100 resin in dry weight was carried out at 55 °C. After equilibrium, the resin was collected on a glass filter and rinsed with 30 mL of ammonium acetate solution (pH 6.0) to reduce major elements such as Na, K, Mg, and Ca that had been partly adsorbed on the resin. Then, trace metals on the resin were eluted with 7.5 mL of 2 M nitric acid and collected in a 30 mL polypropylene bottle. In the second preconcentration step, the mixture of the filtrate and the rinsing solution obtained in the first step was adjusted to pH 4.0, and metal adsorption on another 0.4 g of Chelex-100 resin was carried out at 20 °C. In a similar manner to the first step, the resin collected on a glass filter was rinsed with 10 mL of ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.0), and trace metals adsorbed on the resin were eluted with 6 mL of 2 M nitric acid. This eluate was taken into the same polypropylene bottle as used in the first step. The final sample volume thus obtained was 15 mL including 1.5 mL of internal standard solution. Then a 33-fold preconcentration factor was achieved, where the recoveries for 33 elements were larger than 80%. The analytical results for trace metals in coastal seawater reference material (CASS-4) were in fairly good agreement with the certified or information values after correction with the recovery values. The coastal seawater samples from the Ise Bay and the Take Island were also analyzed by the present method. The concentrations for 20 trace metals in the Ise Bay coastal seawater were found to be more than 2-fold larger than those in the Take Island coastal seawater, indicating considerable anthropogenic pollution in the Ise Bay area.
Preparation of Methoxy-Substituted Optically Active 7-Alkoxycarbonylcycloheptatrienes and Their Acid-Promoted Rearrangements
Authors: Sugimura Takashi , Kagawa Masami , Ohuchi Naoko , Hagiya Kazutake , Okuyama Tadashi 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Four optically active cycloheptatriene derivatives carrying a methoxy group(s) at different positions were prepared by the 2,4-pentanediol-tethered Büchner reaction. In addition to the high stereoselectivity, the tether also controlled the regioselectivity in a good-to-high degree. Some of the products are unstable under acidic conditions, resulting in isomerization through a prototropic reaction or aromatization. The Brønsted acid promoted prototropic isomerization by regio- and stereoselective protonation and ensuing deprotonation, while the Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction provided an aromatized product via the norcaradiene tautomer.
Design of Photofunctional Laminated Organized Thin Films: Photochromism of Ammoniumazobenzene Arenecarboxylates Cast on Silica Glass
Authors: Ohtani Osamu , Itoh Toshio , Monna Yuji , Sasai Ryo , Shichi Tetsuya , Yui Tatsuto , Takagi Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Arenecarboxylate counterions, i.e., benzoate (BA) and p-t-butylbenzoate (p-t-BBA), were observed to be effective in facilitating E-to-Z photoisomerizations in cast films of 1:1 ion-pair salts of cationic surfactant azobenzene (C8AzoC10N+). Such an effect of the arenecarboxylate ions in C8AzoC10N+ salts showed a contrast to untreated, as-prepared bromide salts, which exhibited no such activity. A remarkable E-to-Z photoisomerization was observed to take place with the cast films of C8AzoC10N+ salts involving bulky anions, BA (or p-t-BBA); their photochromic behavior corresponded well with the aggregated structures of the 1:1 ion-pair salts. Analyses of the π–A isothermal profiles, XRD, and UV–vis spectroscopic investigations showed that C8AzoC10N+-Br stacked films form densely packed interdigitated monolayers, whereas films of the C8AzoC10N+-salt with BA (or p-t-BBA) were found to form loosely packed monolayers.
Multimarker Quantitative Real-Time PCR Detection of Circulating Melanoma Cells in Peripheral Blood: Relation to Disease Stage in Melanoma Patients
Authors: Koyanagi Kazuo , Kuo Christine , Nakagawa Taku , Mori Takuji , Ueno Hideaki , Lorico Arnulfo R , Wang He-Jing , Hseuh Eddie , O’Day Steven J , Hoon Dave SB 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background: Detection of melanoma cells in circulation may be important in assessing tumor progression. The objective of this study was to develop a specific, reliable multimarker quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT) assay for detecting melanoma cells in patients’ blood.
Methods: We developed qRT assays for the mRNA of four melanoma-associated markers: MART-1, GalNAc-T, PAX-3, and MAGE-A3. In optimization studies, we tested 17 melanoma cell lines and 49 peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) samples from volunteers. We performed RNA and melanoma cell dilution studies to assess the detection limits and imprecision of the assays. We measured the mRNAs in blood specimens from 94 melanoma patients [American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I, n = 20; II, n = 20; III, n = 32; IV, n = 22].
Results: All markers were frequently detected in melanoma cell lines, whereas none of the markers was detected in PBLs from volunteers. The qRT assay could detect 1 melanoma cell in 107 PBLs in the melanoma cell-dilution studies. Markers were detected in 15%, 30%, 75%, and 86% of melanoma patients with AJCC stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. The number of positive markers and AJCC stage were significantly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.58; P &lt;0.0001).
Conclusions: Multimarker qRT can detect circulating melanoma cells in blood. Measurement of the studied molecular markers in blood may be useful in detection of metastasis and monitoring treatment response of melanoma patients.
Monitoring of Clopidogrel Action: Comparison of Methods
Authors: Geiger Jörg , Teichmann Lino , Grossmann Ralf , Aktas Barsom , Steigerwald Udo , Walter Ulrich , Schinzel Reinhard 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background: Clopidogrel is a potent drug for prevention of adverse effects during and after coronary intervention. Increasing experience indicates that a significant proportion of patients do not respond adequately to clopidogrel. Because failure of antiplatelet therapy can have severe consequences, there is need for a reliable assay to quantify the effectiveness of clopidogrel treatment.
Methods: Of 24 healthy volunteers admitted to the study, 18 were treated for 1 week with clopidogrel (300-mg loading dose and 75-mg maintenance dose), and 6 with placebo. Platelet function was monitored by 2 assays, based on flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassay, that measure the phosphorylation status of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and by aggregometry, flow cytometry of P-selectin, and the platelet function analyzer at baseline, on days 1–5, and on day 9 of treatment.
Results: Aggregometry and VASP phosphorylation revealed a loss of platelet response to ADP within 12 h after clopidogrel intake. The phosphorylation status of VASP correlated with the inhibition of platelet aggregation. In contrast, neither P-selectin expression nor PFA-100 closure time was a clear indicator of clopidogrel effects on platelets.
Conclusions: VASP phosphorylation assays are reliable for quantifying clopidogrel effects. Because the VASP assay directly measures the function of the clopidogrel target, the P2Y12 receptor, the assay is selective for clopidogrel effects rather than effects of other platelet inhibitors commonly in use.
Community-Level Child Health: A Decade of Progress
Authors: Burton O. Marion 
Published: April 2005

In the late 1980s, the leadership of the South Carolina Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) developed a growing awareness that there was a population of children in the state who frequented emergency departments and public health clinics but were not considered patients in any medical professional's office. Coincidentally, the commissioner of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control was struggling to expand resources needed to care for these children, who were crowding his facilities in search of primary care. Department of Health and Environmental Control clinic staff increasingly were unable to provide core public health services because of the need to treat illnesses and conduct well-child visits.Concurrently, with mounting concerns over the inadequacy and/or unavailability of quality health care for all children, the AAP embarked on the Access to Care campaign, a multiyear effort to improve access to care. The South Carolina Chapter of the AAP and Department of Health and Environmental Control subsequently launched an initiative, the Partnerships for Children program, to ensure that South Carolina children who were medically disenfranchised could have a medical home and all other services necessary for health and well-being. Although structured somewhat differently in various communities and practices, each of the &gt;75 partnerships statewide focused on using public health professionals for specific care coordination and support that complemented physician office visits and encounters. These partnerships have gained substantial leverage through the expanding resources of the AAP Access to Care campaign.In reviewing claims for children &lt;3 years old who were enrolled in Medicaid before the establishment of the Partnerships for Children program, &lt;45% had evidence of a well-child visit. Data in the fourth year of the program indicate that 84% of children in this age group have had at least 1 well-child visit. Other data suggesting improved access to care are equally reassuring.In this report, I describe the evolution of the Partnerships for Children program, identify key ingredients for its success, and provide examples of effective strategies that bring community resources into pediatric practices to allow for more efficient and productive delivery of primary care. I also indicate the important role of the AAP Community Access to Child Health infrastructure in the maintenance and further development of this initiative.
Effects of Turbidity, Light Level, and Cover on Predation of White Sturgeon Larvae by Prickly Sculpins
Authors: Gadomski Dena M. , Parsley Michael J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWhite sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus occur in rivers of the western United States and southwestern Canada, but some populations are in decline because of recruitment failure. Many river systems in this area have been altered as a result of development that has caused major environmental changes. Our goal was to examine how three changes—lower turbidity levels, higher light levels, and altered substrates—might affect predation by prickly sculpin Cottus asper on white sturgeon larvae. We experimentally investigated predation at various turbidity levels and found that significantly more white sturgeon yolk sac larvae were eaten at lower turbidity levels. The effects of light level (1–4 and 7–15 lx), the presence or absence of rocks as cover, and prey size (14–17 mm and 20–24 mm total length) on the outcome of predator–prey interactions were also examined. Significantly fewer white sturgeon were eaten during trials that combined the lowest light level, cover, and the smallest larvae. Our results suggest that altered river conditions caused by impoundment and other factors have increased predation on white sturgeon larvae.
Home Range and Space Use Patterns of Flathead Catfish during the Summer–Fall Period in Two Missouri Streams
Authors: Vokoun Jason C. , Rabeni Charles F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFlathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris were radio‐tracked in the Grand River and Cuivre River, Missouri, from late July until they moved to overwintering habitats in late October. Fish moved within a definable area, and although occasional long‐distance movements occurred, the fish typically returned to the previously occupied area. Seasonal home range was calculated with the use of kernel density estimation, which can be interpreted as a probabilistic utilization distribution that documents the internal structure of the estimate by delineating portions of the range that was used a specified percentage of the time. A traditional linear range also was reported. Most flathead catfish (89%) had one 50% kernel‐estimated core area, whereas 11% of the fish split their time between two core areas. Core areas were typically in the middle of the 90% kernel‐estimated home range (58%), although several had core areas in upstream (26%) and downstream (16%) portions of the home range. Home‐range size did not differ based on river, sex, or size and was highly variable among individuals. The median 95% kernel estimate was 1,085 m (range, 70– 69,090 m) for all fish. The median 50% kernel‐estimated core area was 135 m (10–2,260 m). The median linear range was 3,510 m (150–50,400 m). Fish pairs with core areas in the same and neighboring pools had static joint space use values of up to 49% (area of intersection index), indicating substantial overlap and use of the same area. However, all fish pairs had low dynamic joint space use values (<0.07; coefficient of association), indicating that fish pairs were temporally segregated, rarely occurring in the same location at the same time.