bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab initio study of C4H3 potential energy surface and reaction of ground‐state carbon atom with propargyl radical
Authors: Le Trung Ngoc , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe potential energy surface for the reaction of the ground‐state carbon atom [C(3Pj)] with the propargyl radical [HCCCH2(X2B1)] is investigated using the G2M(RCC,MP2) method. Numerous local minima and transition states for various isomerization and dissociation pathways of doublet C4H3 are studied. The results show that C(3Pj) attacks the π system of the propargyl radical at the acetylenic carbon atom and yields the n‐C4H3(2A′) isomer i3 after an 1,2‐H atom shift. This intermediate either splits a hydrogen atom and produces singlet diacetylene, [HCCCCH (p1)+H] or undergoes (to a minor amount) a 1,2‐H migration to i‐C4H3(2A′) i5, which in turn dissociates to p1 plus an H atom. Alternatively, atomic carbon adds to the triple CC bond of the propargyl radical to form a three‐member ring C4H3 isomer i1, which ring opens to i3. Diacetylene is concluded to be a nearly exclusive product of the C(3Pj)+HCCCH2 reaction. At the internal energy of 10.0 kcal/mol above the reactant level, Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus calculations show about 91.7% of HCCCCH comes from fragmentation of i3 and 8.3% from i5. The other possible minor channels are identified as HCCCC+H2 and C2H+HCCH. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1522–1535, 2001
B3LYP calculations on bishomoaromaticity in substituted semibullvalenes*
Authors: Hrovat David A. , Williams Richard Vaughan , Goren Alan C. , Borden Weston Thatcher 
Published: October 2004

AbstractB3LYP/6‐31G* calculations on the degenerate rearrangements of substituted semibullvalenes spuriously predict the relative enthalpies of the bishomoaromatic TSs to be lower than the experimental values. However, the calculations do make the useful and experimentally testable prediction that the two cyano and two phenyl substituents in 2,6‐dicyano‐4,8‐diphenylsemibullvalene (9d) are more likely than four cyano substituents in 2,4,6,8‐tetracyanosemibullvalene (9f) or the four phenyl substituents in 2,4,6,8‐tetraphenylsemibullvalene (9g) to produce a semibullvalene that has a bishomoaromatic equilibrium geometry in the gas phase. The major reason for the surprising finding that 9d is more likely to be bishomoaromatic than 9g is shown to be steric interactions between the phenyl groups at C‐2 and C‐8 and at C‐4 and C‐6 in bishomoaromatic structure 10g. These interactions inhibit the conjugative stabilization of 10g; but they are absent in bishomoaromatic structure 10d, where cyano groups replace the phenyl groups at C‐2 and C‐6 in 10g. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1565–1573, 2001
Observations of sibling interactions in violent families
Authors: Waddell Janice , Pepler Debra , Moore Timothy 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study examined sibling relationships of children from violent and non‐violent families. Participants included 20 children (10 dyads) who were shelter residents and their mothers and 40 children (20 dyads) from the community and their mothers. Mothers reported on children's behavior problems, sibling conflict resolution strategies, and the quality of the sibling relationship. Children reported on the quality of their sibling relationships. Sibling interactions were observed during both cooperative and competitive tasks. Shelter children had more internalizing problems than comparison children did. Mothers reported that siblings from violent homes used less verbal and physical aggression than the comparison group. Siblings in the shelter group were supportive. There were no significant differences in observed conflictual behavior. The importance of the sibling relationship and implications for intervention are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Addressing cultural sensitivity in a smoking cessation intervention: Development of the Kick It at Swope project
Authors: Harris Kari Jo , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Okuyemi Kolawole S. , Turner Janice R. , Woods Malaika N. , Backinger Cathy L. , Resnicow Ken 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThere are marked and growing disparities in the health status among different racial/ethnic groups. Most researchers and practitioners agree health interventions that are tailored for specific populations are ethically important and more likely to succeed, yet there are few models for how to tailor interventions. This article outlines three phases and eight activities conducted to increase the cultural sensitivity of a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation among African Americans. Early in the project development (Phase I) a strong partnership was built with a community‐based clinic, two Advisory Boards were formed (Community and Scientific), and materials were developed. Formative research (Phase II) included a survey to assess smoking cessation needs of clinic patients and exploratory focus groups. Through pilot testing (Phase III), clinic patients tested the intervention components and, in follow‐up focus groups, discussed their experiences. Over 13 months the project successfully recruited 523 African Americans into a randomized trial, and preliminary analysis suggest acceptable follow‐up rates. Successful recruitment and retention suggests the activities are promising and potentially generalizable. Discussions of these activities illustrate concrete steps researchers and practitioners can take to increase the cultural sensitivity of health promotion and prevention interventions and clinical trials. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The spirit and substance of community psychology: Reflections
Authors: Gregory Robert J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCommunity psychology began with a spirit of participation, social change, and excitement in the mid‐1960s. However, the substance of community psychology, whether measured by impacts on prevention, empowerment, social inclusion, or otherwise, appears to be minimal in comparison with the needs evident today and the needs emerging. From the perspective of members of the discipline and field, a great deal of effort has already resulted in many meaningful changes. However, from the views of people at large, a new field such as community psychology has relatively little tangible effect on existing communities, societies, or civilizations. The spirit of community psychology might be present, but that may not result in the massive social changes needed in the 2000s. If community psychologists could focus their efforts, become catalysts, and act firmly and forcefully, then a revitalization and renaissance for “the people” and our collective future, could be initiated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sonographic diagnosis of a solitary intramuscular cysticercal cyst
Authors: Mani N. B. S. , Kalra Naveen , Jain Manoj , Sidhu Ravinder 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe present a rare case of a solitary cysticercal cyst that involved the anterior abdominal wall musculature and was diagnosed with sonography. Sonograms revealed a small, well‐defined, elliptical cystic lesion with an eccentric hyperechoic area within it. An eccentric, echogenic, pedunculated structure was seen within the cystic area of the lesion. No calcification was apparent. The lesion was surrounded by inflammation in the muscle. Hypervascularity in the surrounding muscle was noted on color Doppler imaging. If lesions with similar morphologic characteristics are encountered in the musculature or subcutaneous tissues during sonographic examination for another condition, one should suspect cysticercosis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:472–475, 2001.
Pharmacological properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in isolated Locusta migratoria neurones
Authors: Jackson Charles , Bermudez Isabel , Beadle David J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMechanically dissociated neuronal cell bodies from the thoracic ganglia of Locusta migratoria were viable in culture conditions for up to 2 days and were voltage‐clamped to record the effects of GABAergic drugs and physostigmine on the membrane conductance and ACh responses of the dissociated cells. Bicuculline, hydrastine, and gabazine inhibited the EC50 ACh responses of the cells. Both bicuculline and hydrastine were full inhibitors of the ACh responses but gabazine behaved as a partial inhibitor. Bicuculline, hydrastine, and gabazine inhibited the ACh responses in a non‐competitive and voltage‐independent fashion, suggesting that they are allosteric inhibitors of locust nicotinic ACh receptors. Physostigmine activated currents when applied onto isolated locust neurones. The responses activated by physostigmine were inhibited competitively by tubocurarine, which indicates that physostigmine interacts with the ACh site of locust nicotinic ACh receptors. However, maximal concentrations of physostigmine elicited currents of smaller amplitudes to those evoked by maximal ACh concentrations. Single‐channel recordings suggest that the partial efficacy of physostigmine may reflect the low frequency of opening of physostigmine‐induced single currents relative to that of ACh‐single currents. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:249–255, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of descending brain neurons on the control of stridulation, walking, and flight in orthoptera
Authors: Heinrich Ralf 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOrthopteran insects (crickets, bushcrickets, and acridid grasshoppers) are preferred preparations for the study of the central nervous mechanisms that underlie behavior. Many of their behaviors are based on central rhythm‐generating circuits located in the ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. Activities of these circuits must be coordinated and adapted to the behavioral context by sensory information, which can derive from proprioceptive or exteroceptive inputs. Information from various sensory modalities converges in yet unidentified “higher brain centers” that integrate and transform it into activity patterns across populations of descending brain neurons (DBNs). Transmission of “decisions” to the thoracic motor centers leads to adjustment of their functions in order to fit the sensory situation encountered. A number of unique DBNs has been identified by morphological and physiological criteria and their role in controlling aspects of specific behaviors has been the subject of various studies. Their functions range from “switch‐like” transmitters of brain output to complex integration units for sensory inputs of various modalities and their appropriate insertion into the ongoing activities of the thoracic rhythm generators. This paper highlights some of the characteristics of DBNs by focussing on three motor behaviors: stridulation, a stereotyped behavior that seems to be mainly controlled by command‐like DBNs; walking, a plastic behavior whose various parameters must continuously be adjusted to a changing sensory environment; and flight, in which the information for course corrections encoded for by different types of DBNs is transformed to match the rhythmic activity of the flight oscillators before it affects the respective motoneurons. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:292–301, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytochemical techniques for zinc and heavy metals localization in nerve cells
Authors: López‐García Carlos , Varea Emilio , Palop Jorge J. , Nacher Juan , Ramirez Carmen , Ponsoda Xavier , Molowny Asunción 
Published: October 2004

AbstractZinc is one of the most abundant oligoelements in the living cell. It appears tightly bound to metallothioneins, loosely bound to some metalloproteins and nucleic acids, or even as free ion. Small amounts of zinc ions (in the nanomolar range) regulate a plentitude of enzymatic proteins, receptors, and transcription factors; thus, cells need accurate homeostasis of zinc ions. Some neurons have developed mechanisms to accumulate zinc in specific membrane compartments (“vesicular zinc”) which can be revealed using histochemical techniques. This article is a short report on the different direct–indirect experimental approaches for zinc and heavy metal detection in neurons. Substances giving a bright color or emitting fluorescence when in contact with divalent metal ions are currently used to detect them inside cells; their use leads to the so called “direct” methods. The fixation and precipitation of metal ions as insoluble salt precipitates, their maintenance along the histological process, and their demonstration after autometallographic development are essential steps for other methods, the so‐called “indirect methods” (Timm and Danscher Neo‐Timm methods). Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:318–331, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term persistence of antibodies induced by vaccination and safety follow‐up, with the first combined vaccine against hepatitis A and B in children and adults*
Authors: Van Damme P. , Leroux‐Roels G. , Law B. , Diaz‐Mitoma F. , Desombere I. , Collard F. , Tornieporth N. , Van Herck K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIt is important to monitor the long‐term persistence of antibodies induced by vaccination. Four cohorts were followed for their long‐term immunity after vaccination with a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine (Twinrix; SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixsenart, Belgium). Two cohorts of adults (ages 17–60 years), one of 1–6‐year‐olds, and one of 6–15‐year‐olds were vaccinated following a 0, 1, and 6‐month schedule. Follow‐up data until month 72 (adults) and month 60 (children) are available. At month 72, antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) seropositivity (S+) was 100% for both adult cohorts (n = 40 and n = 47) and 95% and 89% of the vaccinees were seroprotected against hepatitis B virus (HBV), respectively. The geometric mean titres (GMTs; mIU/ml) for anti‐HAV were 977 and 542 and the GMTs for the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) were 322 and 90. For 1–6‐year‐olds at month 60 (n = 39), anti‐HAV S+ was 100% with a GMT of 479 and 97% were protected against HBV with a GMT of 195. At month 60 for the 6–15‐year‐olds (n = 42), anti‐HAV S+ was 100% with a GMT of 990 and 95% were protected against HBV with a GMT of 263. There have been no safety issues during the follow‐up. In the past 5 years, a postmarketing surveillance system was available. Using this system, all spontaneous adverse events are collected and archived. Although infrequent, the most commonly reported adverse events after more than 13 million doses were allergic‐type reactions followed by fever and injection site reactions. The combined hepatitis A and B vaccine is safe and is well tolerated. Immunity provided by the vaccine remains high in adults and children with comparable results to those obtained with monovalent vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 65:6–13, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the infection of human blood derived monocyte/macrophages with hepatitis C virus in vitro
Authors: Caussin‐Schwemling Catherine , Schmitt Carine , Stoll‐Keller Françoise 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is essentially hepatotropic, but clinical observations based on quasispecies composition in different compartments or on viral RNA detection in cells suggest that the virus is able to infect and persist in cells other than liver cells. It was shown previously that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are permissive to HCV replication in vitro but at a very low rate. Since different viruses associated with chronic infections are known to persist in monocyte/macrophages, it is important to determine whether these mononuclear blood cells are susceptible preferentially to HCV. In order to study HCV interaction with monocytes/macrophages, these cells were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and incubated with HCV genotype 1b positive sera. The detection by RT‐PCR of the positive‐ and negative‐strand RNA in the cells at different times and the increase in the amount of intracellular viral RNA measured by the branched DNA assay suggest that monocyte/macrophages can support HCV RNA replication. The rate, however, is very low. The analysis of hypervariable region 1 (HVR‐1) nucleotide sequences indicated that some minor variant present in the inoculum might display a specific tropism for the monocytes/macrophages. These results provide evidence that human monocytes/macrophages might represent a reservoir for HCV. This cell tropism may be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. J. Med. Virol. 65:14–22, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of the genetic heterogeneity of the ISDR and PePHD regions of hepatitis C virus on the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Puig‐Basagoiti Francesc , Sáiz Juan‐Carlos , Forns Xavier , Ampurdanès Sergi , Giménez‐Barcons Mireia , Franco Sandra , Sánchez‐Fueyo Alberto , Costa Josep , Sánchez‐Tapias José‐María , Rodés Juan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTwo genomic regions of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the interferon sensitivity‐determining region (ISDR) of the non‐structural 5A gene (NS5A) and the protein kinase‐RNA activated (PKR)‐eukariotic transcription factor (eIF2‐α) phosphorylation homology domain (PePHD) of the structural E2 gene, interact in vitro with the interferon‐inducible cellular PKR protein kinase. Mutations within these regions might, therefore, influence the response to interferon therapy. Viral load at baseline and sequence heterogeneity of HCV in NS5A and E2 regions was studied in 74 HCV‐1b and in 12 HCV‐3a infected patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with interferon. As previously reported by us, in a smaller series of patients in which the ISDR region was analyzed [Saiz et al. (1998) Journal Infectious Diseases 177:839–847], in the present study a low viral load and a high number of amino acid mutations within the ISDR, but not within the PePHD region, were significantly associated with long‐term response to interferon among HCV‐1b infected patients. No relationship between these viral features and response to therapy was disclosed in patients infected with HCV‐3a. J. Med. Virol. 65:35–44, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of association between the kinetics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB)‐specific and neutralizing serum antibodies and development or recovery from HCMV active infection in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Muñoz Isabel , Gutiérrez Antonio , Gimeno Concepción , Farga Amparo , Alberola Juan , Solano Carlos , Prósper Felipe , García‐Conde Javier , Navarro David 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of the gB‐specific and neutralizing antibody responses to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were analyzed in 26 allogeneic stem‐cell transplant recipients who either did (n = 20) or did not (n = 6) develop asymptomatic HCMV active infection during the study period. Antibody response profiles varied widely among individuals in both groups, irrespective of whether HCMV active infection did or did not occur. Development of HCMV active infection was not preceded by a decline in functional serum antibody levels. Neither the absence nor the presence of HCMV active infection correlated with either high or low serum levels of gB‐specific and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. In most patients, episodes of HCMV replication were not followed by a marked increment in functional serum antibody titers. Therefore, resolution of an ongoing HCMV active infection was not associated with a vigorous antibody response to viral replication. In addition, this study supports previous data indicating that passive transfer of human immunoglobulins may result in an increment in gB‐specific and neutralizing serum antibody levels, the magnitude of which varies among recipients; however, both patients with and without measurable increments in serum antibody levels developed HCMV active infections with comparable frequency. J. Med. Virol. 65:77–84, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative analysis of the expression of the epstein‐barr virus (EBV) anti‐apoptotic gene BHRF1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV‐related lymphoid diseases
Authors: Nicholls John , Kremmer Elisabeth , Meseda Clement A. , Mackett Mike , Hahn Peter , Gulley Margaret L. , Brink Antoinette , Swinnen Lode J. , Greenspan John , De Souza Yvonne , Grässer Friedrich , Sham Jonathan , Ng Mun‐Hon , Arrand John R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has been identified in a wide range of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic disorders. The EBV open reading frame BHRF1 encodes a protein with partial sequence and functional homology to the anti‐apoptotic onco‐protein Bcl‐2 and may therefore have a role in the proliferation of EBV positive cells. We have developed a rat monoclonal antibody against pBHRF1, which can detect BHRF1 in paraffin sections. While a number of mutant versions of BHRF1 were recognised, the monoclonal did not detect the BHRF1 homologue encoded by Herpesvirus papio or two mutants with deletions in the BH2 region. This novel rat monoclonal antibody (6A9) was used to examine tissue sections from 39 cases of non‐keratinising undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 6 cases of metastatic NPC, 7 cases of EBV‐positive NPC with squamous differentiation from Chinese patients, 15 cases of EBV‐positive post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), 6 EBV‐containing lymphoblastoid cell lines, and 2 cases of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). In 11 cases of undifferentiated NPC, RT‐PCR data were available for comparison with the immunohistochemistry. Both cases of OHL and two cases of LCL were positive for BHRF1 but none of the PTLD showed positive staining. All cases of undifferentiated NPC were positive for Bcl‐2 but only one BHRF1 positive cell was identified in 1 of 39 cases of primary undifferentiated NPC. The 6A9 antibody produced less background staining and no nuclear positivity compared with the commercially available mouse monoclonal 5B11. It is concluded that BHRF1 can not be detected by immunohistochemistry in NPC and therefore it appears not to play a significant anti‐apoptotic role in the progression of this EBV‐associated tumour. The 6A9 monoclonal appears to be superior to 5B11 for the detection of pBHRF1 in tissue sections. J. Med. Virol. 65:105–113, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.