bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levotryptophan Treatment in Migraine
Authors: Kangasniemi P. , Falck B. , Långvik Vivi‐Ann , Hyyppä M.T. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to assess whether an increased brain serotonin tone prevents migraine symptoms, eight migraine patients were treated with levotryptophan in the controlled trial. Plasma and lumbar CSF were collected approximately one hour after the last dose of amino acid on the second week during the headache‐free interval. Samples were also taken 4 hours after the onset of the headache attack. Visual evoked cortical potentials were recorded one hour after the ingestion of 500 mg of levotryptophan.In four of the eight migraine patients, headache indices were markedly lower during typptophan treatment than during placebo (levoleucine) treatment. Levotryptophan caused an elevation of plasma free and total tryptophan, and CSF‐tryptophan from their basal values obtained during placebo treatment. Therefore levotryptophan may be a worthwhile alternative for a selective and still incompletely characterized group of migraine patients.
Specific and Non‐specific Effects of Skin Temperature Control in Migraine Management
Authors: Largen John W. , Mathew Roy J. , Dobbins Ken , Claghorn James L. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISSkin temperature self‐regulation has been demonstrated to be an efficacious behavioral technique in the management of migraine headache. However, a controversy has arisen over the particular significance of the skin temperature factor per se. The present pilot study represents an attempt to evaluate the relative contributions of specific and non‐specific effects of thermal biofeedback in migraine therapy. Thirteen female migraine patients were randomly assigned to either a “hand‐warming”or a “hand‐cooling” treatment condition. The pretreatment baseline was compared to the post‐training follow‐up period along seven indices of headache activity. Results indicated that primarily non‐specific factors and to a lesser extent, specific temperature factors contribute to the therapeutic gains observed in migraine therapy.
A Double‐blind Study of Zomepirac Sodium and Placebo in the Treatment of Muscle Contraction Headache
Authors: Diamond Seymour , Medina Jose L. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISIn a double‐blind parallel study zomepirac sodium was compared with placebo in the treatment of muscle‐contraction headache. Eighty patients with histories of recurrent muscle‐contraction headaches were given either zomepirac 100 mg, zomepirac 50 mg, or placebo. Patients submitted evaluations for pain relief and analgesic acceptability over a range of four headache episodes. In addition, global evaluations were made by the patients and by the investigator.In the first headache episode zomepirac sodium 100 mg was significantly superior to placebo in pain relief (p = 0.030), and in analgesic acceptability (p = 0.006). Average values across all episodes indicated a significant linear dose response for zomepirac in analgesic acceptability (p<0.05). Global evaluations showed zomepirac sodium 100 mg to be significantly superior to placebo (p<0.05). The incidence of adverse effects did not vary significantly among treatment groups.Results of the study suggest that zomepirac sodium will be a useful non‐narcotic agent in the treatment of recurrent muscle‐contraction headaches requiring the use of a prescription analgesic.
Prevalence and Significance of Muscle Tenderness During Common Migraine Attacks
Authors: Tfelt‐Hansen P. , Lous I. , Olesen J. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISTo analyse from which extracranial tissues the pain of common migraine arises, 50 patients with typical common migraine were studied during the attack. Systematic recording of pain in 18 regions of the head and neck was followed by systematic palpation of 26 cranial and neck muscles and tendon insertions. All 50 patients were tender, and tenderness corresponded to pain in all but 2 cases. The most frequent sites of tenderness were: sternocleidomastoid, anterior temporal, neck and shoulder muscles, the coronoid process and occipital insertions. Referred pain was found in 73% of patients. Major pathways were sternocleidomastoid to temporofrontal area or occiput, occiput to vertex or temporofrontal area, neck to vertex or brow. The most tender spots were infiltrated with lidocaine 1.5% or saline double blindly. Results were judged clinically and by visual analog scales. 2648 patients were symptom free after 70 minutes which is significantly better than with medical treatment (p<0.01). There was no difference between lidocaine and saline. The study demonstrates that pericranial muscles and tendon insertions are important for common migraine pain.
Complement Studies in Migraine
Authors: Behan Wilhelmina M.H. , Behan P.O. , Durward W.F. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe cause of migraine is unknown but there is circumstantial evidence to suggest that immune mechanisms may be involved in its pathogenesis: several workers have noted an increased incidence of allergy in patients with the disease and the migraine which accompanies the ingestion of specific foods has also been explained on an allergic basis. In a recently reported study investigators detected evidence of activation of the serum complement system during migraine headache, with significant reductions in complement factors C4 and C5, and the appearance of C3 breakdown products.We therefore studied 40 patients, who included 10 subjects in the acute and quiescent phase of the disease. We measured complement components CIq, C4, C3, C7 and Factor B, together with the conversion products of C3 and Factor B. CH 50 units were also estimated and anti complementary activity was assayed. No abnormalities were detected in any of the patients either in an attack or during a remission. Thus, our results do not confirm that complement activation plays a role in migraine headache.
Recurrent Painless Oculomotor Palsy in Children. A Variant of Ophthalmopegic Migraine?
Authors: Durkan Gerald P. , Troost B. Todd , Slamovits Thomas L. , Spoor Thomas C. , Kennerdell John S. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISWe report two children with isolated recurrent painless oculomotor palsy in whom neurodiagnostic investigations were normal. The tests included Edrophonium hydrochloride (Tensilon) testing and arteriography in one child. Single attacks were observed from onset to resolution in both children. A diagnosis of painless ophthalmoplegic migraine was suspected. Because permanent deficits in ocular motility are apt to occur following repeated attacks of ophthalmoplegic migraine, one child was placed on prophylactic therapy with propranalol. She later developed periodic headache with nausea despite treatment.
Migraine and Tension Headache: Is There a Physiological Difference?
Authors: Anderson Cathy D. , Franks Ronald D. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe purpose of this study was to conduct a controlled comparison of tension and migraine headache under several experimental conditions.Ten subjects from each of the following diagnostic groups ‐ tension headache, migraine headache, and healthy controls ‐ were observed under conditions of unstructured relaxation, mild stress, and recovery from stress. Forearm and forehead muscle potential, peripheral temperature, electrodermal response, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored during these sessions. In addition, ratings of pain were obtained, and booklets II and III of the Edwards Personality Inventory were completed by each subject. The hypotheses that tension headache is associated with increased frontalis muscle tension and that migraine headache is associated with increased vasomotor activity were not supported with respect to resting levels, response to physical or psychological stress, or in relationship to pain. Personality differences between the three groups were observed. Migraine subjects appeared to be more perfectionistic and success‐oriented than the other groups: and tension headache subjects, more anxious and insecure. It was suggested that although personality differences indicate the existence of two distinct disorders, physiological variables that were believed to be basic to the pathophysiology of these headaches (e.g. frontalis EMG in tension headache) do not distinguish these two types of headache.
Use of a Computerized Data Base in a Headache Clinic
Authors: Bana D.S. , Leviton A. , Slack W.V. , Geer D.E. , Graham J.R. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISWe have designed and are using an interactive computer‐based headache interview in which patients sit in front of a terminal and answer questions posed by the computer. Data entered are summarized and printed for use by the patient's physician. Preliminary data obtained by the computer interview can be used to generate and test hypotheses. We compared patient‐entered data to physicians' diagnoses for 26 patients with the diagnosis of common migraine and 20 with the diagnosis of muscle contraction headache. Contrary to common beliefs, we found that almost equal numbers in each group acknowledged (1) visual changes before some headaches, (2) headaches precipitated by alcohol, and (3) headaches that coincided with change in the weather. Furthermore, patients seemed more likely to acknowledge more than one kind of headache to the computer than to the physician.
Bilateral Cephalic Blood Volume Pulse Recordings in a Migraineur and a Non‐migraineur
Authors: McCaffrey Robert J. , Isaac Walter 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISBilateral blood volume pulse response recordings from the fronto‐temporal artery were obtained from a migraineur during a headache state, in a headache free state, and for several days following one headache in order to assess for general vasomotor disregulation. Recordings were also obtained at various times prior to the onset of several independent headaches. The results indicated marked variability for both within session recordings and between session recordings for the migraineur. The recordings from the non‐migraineur, who was matched to the migraineur on several relevant factors, indicated greater consistency of the blood volume pulse both within and between sessions than was observed with the migraineur. The findings lend support to previous research which indicates that the vasomotor response system of migraineurs may be in a chronic state of disregulation relative to the vasomotor response system of non‐migraineurs.
Perception of Stimulus Intensity by Migraine and Non‐migraine Subjects
Authors: Klein Sandra H. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISMigraineurs and non‐migraineurs performed a weight judgment task designed to measure stimulus intensity modulation style. The study revealed that migraineurs were more likely than non‐migraineurs to increase their estimate of a weight's heaviness following stimulation with a similar weight. This tendency to increase the perceived intensity of stimuli may be one factor underlying the reported vaso constriction of migraineurs to low or moderate intensity stimuli that elicit vaso dilation in non‐migraineurs. Questionnaire data is also described showing that migraineurs have a generalized preference for activities involving less intense levels of stimulation than those preferred by non‐migraineurs. Implications of these findings for understanding the complex etiology of migraine are discussed.
Biofeedback, Brief Psychotherapy and Tension Headache
Authors: Bell Noa Wieselberg , Abramowitz Stephen I. , Folkins Carlyle H. , Spensley James , Hutchinson Grant L. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of broadly‐based biofeedback and brief eclectic psychotherapy in alleviating tension headache. Twenty‐four patients diagnosed as suffering from this disorder were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: biofeedback, brief psychotherapy, biofeedback plus brief psychotherapy and waiting‐list control. Results indicated the equivalent effectiveness of the three active treatments in ameliorating various behavioral and psychophysiological aspects of tension headache. Contrary to expectation, broad‐gauged biofeedback produced more psychological gains than brief eclectic psychotherapy, The behavioral and psychophysiological findings are discussed in terms of a shared symptom‐removal focus, whereas the unexpected psychological findings are considered in light of headache patients' characteristic resistance to the psychological explanations of their illness afforded by psychotherapy.
Physiological Self‐control and the Biofeedback Treatment of Headache
Authors: Haber Joel D. , Thompson J. Kevin , Raczynski James M. , Sikora Thomas L. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe present paper reviews the utilization of self‐management procedures (self‐control, discrimination, and self‐maintenance) in the biofeedback treatment of headache. A wide variety of methodological shortcomings were evident. Few studies either included adequate self‐control designs or demonstrated that subjects acquired self‐control of the targeted response. Discrimination training was reported in only one study. Self‐maintenance procedures were widely used, but were not based on the prior acquisition of self‐control by subjects. Suggestions for the assessment and training of self‐management strategies are presented. Future research should report the relationship between self‐control, discrimination, and self‐maintenance in regard to treatment outcome. It is concluded that a determination of the efficacy of biofeedback for headache must await further clarification of these issues.
Naloxone Effectiveness on Spontaneous and Induced Perceptive Disorders in Migraine
Authors: Sicuteri Federigo , Boccuni Maria , Fanciullacci Marcello , Gatto Gaetano 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISScotoma is the most frequent perceptive disturbance in migraine. Other visual, auditory, smelling and own body image distortions frequently occur, but they are seldom reported by patients unless specifically requested. The basic mechanism of these perceptive disorders as well as of pain is still unknown. Pentazocine, an agonist of s opiate receptors (mainly subserving the nervous structures involved in perceptive disturbances) provokes visual and own body image distortions in most migraine patients. In addition, naloxone (a specific opiate antagonist) prevents or reverts the perceptive disorders induced by pentazocine. Naloxone injected at the onset of the spontaneous scotoma interrupts the visual phenomena in most of classic migraineurs. When scotomata is interrupted by naloxone, even the headache intensity is usually reduced and the pain duration is shortened. In common migraine, naloxone administered after the onset of headache is ineffective on pain and extra‐pain phenomena.
Validity of the Headache Diary for Children
Authors: Richardson Gwendolen M. , McGrath Patrick J. , Cunningham S. June , Humphreys Peter 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThis study was designed to measure the validity of two variations of a self‐report pain intensity scale. Sixteen children aged 9‐17, suffering from migraine headaches and one parent of each child recorded headache intensity daily at fixed intervals for four weeks in headache diaries. Half of the children used a pain intensity scale with behavioral descriptors of pain severity accompanied by numbers zero to five; the remainder used a scale that was identical except for the addition of subjective pain descriptors. Validity was determined by assessing the degree of inter‐rater concordance between the child's rating of intensity of head pain and the parent's independent rating of the same phenomenon. Concordance values, determined by weighted kappa, ranged from slight to almost perfect and all but one were significant, r<.05, providing evidence for the validity of this scale. Percentage agreement and weighted percentage agreement were also calculated and indicated high levels of concordance. Inclusion of subjective descriptors did not significantly affect ratings.
Atenolol for Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Forssman Bengt , Lindblad Carl Johan , Zbomikova Vera 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe preventive effect of atenolol on migraine attacks was compared to placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over study. 24 patients with classic and/or common migraine entered the 36‐week study; four subsequently dropped out. The effect of atenolol was significantly better than that of placebo. The number of headache attacks was reduced in 15 of 20 patients (r<0.05) and the values for integrated headache diminished in 19 of 20 patients (r<0.001).Intake of ergotamine products was significantly lower in all patients using such drugs, while the consumption of common analgesics did not differ between the trial periods. No serious side effects were noted.
Clinical Value of a Dopaminergic Agonist Administration in Migraine Patients
Authors: Geraud G. , Guell A. , Courtade M. , Dupui Ph. , Bes A. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe migraine subject exhibits a dopaminergic vascular hypersensitivity on the brain level (CBF increase) as well as on the peripheral level (BP decrease). A dopaminergic agonist, piribedil, was administered by intravenous infusion (0,1 mg/kg over 30 minutes) to 150 patients known to suffer from migraine or other kinds of headache. 94% of migraine patients developed nausea or vomiting and 69% a decrease of BP, severe enough to discontinue the infusion. In non migraine headaches, the piribedil infusion had no effects in 61% of patients and provoked a decrease of BP in 16% of cases only. The piribedil test could be used to distinguish genuine migraine from other cephalalgia in patients prone to headache.
Weightlifters Headache
Authors: Paulson George W. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISFive young men developed sudden severe headache and neck pain while weightlifting. They had no evidence of pheochromocytoma, emotional turmoil, neurological or radiological abnormality. Pull or tear of ligaments is suggested as one possible cause, with rest and cautious neglect as a logical therapeutic approach.
The Involvement of Trigeminal Substance P Neurons in Cluster Headache. An Hypothesis
Authors: Hardebo Jan Erik 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISSubstance P (SP) neurons, with bipolar axons from the cell body, in sensory ganglia, exhibit unique properties in that impulses may travel either orthodromically or antidromically in the various ramifications of the axons, and that the transmitter may be released both in the central and peripheral ends of the neuron. Thus, these nerves are not only sensory, carrying nociceptive impulses from the periphery, but also motor with ability to dilate blood vessels, constrict smooth muscle cells and cause protein extravasation, glandular secretion, release from mast cells and excitation of autonomic ganglion cells. Within the individual neuron several local reflex arches ‐ axon reflexes ‐ are established in this way.An hypothesis is forwarded about the pathophysiology of cluster headache, against the background of recent morphological and functional evidence for SP neurons in the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve and its connections to various cranial structures including the sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglion and internal carotid perivascular nerve plexus. Activation of SP fibers in the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions may give rise to practically all symptoms of an attack of cluster headache. This provides a rational explanation for the beneficial effect on both pain and vegetative symptoms achieved by blockade of the Gasserian or sphenopalatine ganglia in this disease. A temporary arrest of central inhibitory serotonergic impulses presynaptically on the SP neurons in the caudal trigeminal nucleus is, with our present knowledge, a likely explanation for such an activation, even if it may not be the only factor. A comparison is made with the present opinion on activation of parasympathetic and blockade of sympathetic nerves to explain the various symptoms of a cluster attack.
The Meningeal Representation in the Trigeminal Ganglion An Experimental Study in the Cat
Authors: Steiger Hans Jakob , Meakin Charles J. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISThe somatotopic representation of the cranial dura mater and the major cerebral arteries in the semilunar ganglion of the cat has been studied experimentally. Neuroanatomical tracer substance was applied to various dural sites as well as to the internal carotid and middle cerebral artery and labeled cells were subsequently identified in the trigeminal ganglion. Cells in the first trigeminal division were found to innervate the medial aspect of the anterior cranial fossa, the tentorium cerebelli and the intracranial carotid and the middle cerebral artery. Neurons associated with the orbital roof were located predominantly in the dorsal and intermediate layers of the second division while the dura of the middle fossa was represented mainly in the dorsal strata of the third division. Labeled cells were smaller than the average ganglion cell.
Metabolic Abnormality in Cluster Headache
Authors: de Belleroche J. , Rose F. Clifford , Das I. , Cook G.E. 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISCluster headache has a number of distinct features in the periodicity and frequency of headache and associated phenomena such as, ipsilateral rhinorrhoea and lacrimation. In some cases, however, it may be difficult to confirm diagnosis and apply the appropriate treatment. Lithium is beneficial in cluster headache but would exacerbate migraine. Hence there is a need for diagnostic methods for migraine or migraine subtypes and cluster headache. We have found that one readily measured parameter, erythrocyte choline, is significantly depressed in cluster headache patients both during and between attacks and this may therefore offer an aid to diagnosis. Further analysis of the pathways giving rise to this abnormality may give insight to the aetiology of cluster headache, as discussed below.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Effects During Treatment of Vascular Headaches with Verapamil
Authors: Meyer John Stirling , Dowell Richard , Mathew Ninan , Hardenberg Jeffrey 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISAn open trial of long‐term prophylactic therapy with Verapamil (240 mg/day) was completed in 44 patients with different types of chronic headache including: classic migraine (N = 15), common migraine (N = 11 ), cluster headache (N = 14), and muscle contraction headache (N = 4). Results were compared with similar trials utilizing Nifedipine and Nimodipine. Cerebral blood flow was measured before and after treatment. All three drugs block Ca 2+ entry into vascular smooth muscle and were effective in prophylactic treatment of migraine and cluster headaches but not in muscle contraction headaches. Treatment with Verapamil for 2‐3 weeks abolished or attenuated migraine prodromes, decreased headache frequency in cluster and classic migraine, but were less effective in common migraine. Cerebrovascular resistance was significantly reduced by Verapamil, confirming its vasodilator effects. Side effects were less common with Verapamil than with Nifedipine and included postural hypotension, constipation and skin rash. Decreased efficacy after long‐term treatment with Verapamil responded to dose increases. Experience in this laboratory with Nimodipine, Verapamil and Nifedipine indicates that all are effective in prophylactic treatment of vascular headache in that order of preference.
Psychiatric Consultation in a Headache Unit
Authors: Khouri‐Haddad S. Eker 
Published: August 2005

SYNOPSISTwo hundred twenty nine psychiatric consultations of patients with headache were reviewed. A search was made for the presence of stress or conflict, preceding and maintaining the headache. The major finding was the patients' inability to cope with stress or conflict threatening their self‐esteem. Anxiety level was raised when issues of inadequacy, insecurity and helplessness surfaced. In predisposed individuals, defenses against or repressed responses to loss of self‐esteem were manifested by anger, anxiety, depression and headache.