bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ETO protein of t(8;21) AML is a corepressor for Bcl-6 B-cell lymphoma oncoprotein
Authors: Chevallier Nathalie , Corcoran Connie M. , Lennon Christine , Hyjek Elizabeth , Chadburn Amy , Bardwell Vivian J. , Licht Jonathan D. , Melnick Ari 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe multiplicity of transcription factors involved in hematologic malignancies suggests a complicated scenario in which many different molecular mechanisms lead to malignant transformation. We hypothesized that some of these proteins might physically and functionally interact and thus mechanistically link different diseases. The ETO protein of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an excellent candidate as a common factor because it is normally expressed in human hematopoietic cells, it binds to histone deacetylases (HDACs), and it interacts with the PLZF protein of t(11;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia. To determine whether ETO functionally links a broader range of disease entities, we asked whether ETO forms a complex with the Bcl-6 oncoprotein of B-cell lymphomas. We found that ETO and Bcl-6 are coexpressed in normal and malignant lymphoid tissue, where they interact and colocalize in nuclear speckles. ETO binds to the fourth zinc finger of Bcl-6, enhances Bcl-6 repression of artificial and endogenous genes in an HDAC-dependent manner, and forms a complex with Bcl-6 on the promoters of its endogenous target genes in B-cell lymphoma cells. Therefore, ETO is a bona fide corepressor that links the transcriptional pathogenesis of acute leukemias and B-cell lymphomas and offers a compelling target for transcriptional therapy of hematologic malignancies.
Transfer of allogeneic CD62L– memory T cells without graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Chen Benny J. , Cui Xiuyu , Sempowski Gregory D. , Liu Congxiao , Chao Nelson J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe major challenge in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is how to transfer allogeneic T-cell immunity without causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Here we report a novel strategy to selectively prevent GVHD by depleting CD62L+ T cells (naive and a subset of memory T cells). In unprimed mice, CD62L– T cells (a subset of memory T cells) failed to proliferate in response to alloantigens (which the mice have never previously encountered) and were unable to induce GVHD in allogeneic hosts. CD62L– T cells contributed to T-cell reconstitution by peripheral expansion as well as by promoting T-cell regeneration from bone marrow stem/progenitor cells. CD62L– T cells from the animals previously primed with a tumor cell line (BCL1) were able to inhibit the tumor growth in vivo but were unable to induce GVHD in the third-party recipients. This novel technology may allow transfer of allogeneic recall antitumor and antimicrobial immunity without causing GVHD.
Physiologic variations in granulocytic surface antigen expression: impact of age, gender, pregnancy, race, and stress
Authors: Elghetany M Tarek , Lacombe Francis 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the use of granulocytic surface markers for the diagnosis of some inherited and acquired disorders, such as Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and myelodysplastic syndromes. Understanding the impact of physiologic factors, such as age, gender, pregnancy, race, and stress on granulocytic surface markers is essential for appropriate interpretation of results. Some surface markers show marked variations at the very early and the very late stages in life. Fetal granulocytes tend to have a lower expression of CD11b, CD11c, CD18, and CD32. Term neonatal granulocytes are frequently associated with a lower expression of CD10, CD11b, CD13, CD33, and CD62L and a higher expression of CD55 and CD64. Elderly individuals have shown a higher expression of CD64. Pregnancy is associated with temporary changes in granulocytic surface markers, such as a lower expression of CD16 and a higher CD64, partially mimicking an inflammatory response. Stress also has an impact on some surface markers, particularly adhesion molecules, such as CD62L and CD54. These factor need to be taken in consideration for the optimal interpretation of granulocytic surface marker studies.
In Vitro and in Vivo Regulation of Antioxidant Response Element-Dependent Gene Expression by Estrogens
Authors: Ansell P. J. , Espinosa-Nicholas C. , Curran E. M. , Judy B. M. , Philips B. J. , Hannink M. , Lubahn D. B. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUnderstanding estrogen’s regulation of phase II detoxification enzymes is important in explaining how estrogen exposure increases the risk of developing certain cancers. Phase II enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and quinone reductase protect against developing chemically induced cancers by metabolizing reactive oxygen species. Phase II enzyme expression is regulated by a cis-acting DNA sequence, the antioxidant response element (ARE). It has previously been reported that several antiestrogens, but not 17β-estradiol, could regulate ARE-mediated gene transcription. Our goal was to determine whether additional estrogenic compounds could regulate ARE-mediated gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. We discovered that physiological concentrations (10 nm) of 17β-estradiol repressed GST Ya ARE-dependent gene expression in vitro. Treatment with other endogenous and anti-, xeno-, and phytoestrogens showed that estrogen receptor/ARE signaling is ligand, receptor subtype, and cell type specific. Additionally, GST and quinone reductase activities were significantly lowered in a dose-dependent manner after 17β-estradiol exposure in the uteri of mice. In conclusion, we have shown that 17β-estradiol, and other estrogens, down-regulate phase II enzyme activities. We propose estrogen-mediated repression of phase II enzyme activities may increase cellular oxidative DNA damage that ultimately can result in the formation of cancer in some estrogen-responsive tissues.
Protection by the Chinese prescription Wen-Pi-Tang against renal tubular LLC-PK1 cell damage induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine
Authors: Yokozawa Takako , Rhyu Dong Young , Cho Eun Ju 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
We investigated the effects of Wen-Pi-Tang extract on the protective mechanisms of renal tubular LLC-PK1 cells, as renal tubular cells are the most vulnerable renal tissue to oxidative stress. Exposure to 800 μM 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) resulted in a marked increase in cellular peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which converted nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine 123 to fluorescent rhodamine 123, a detectable probe for the long-lived ONOO−. In addition, it resulted in apoptotic cell death, assessed by a DNA fragmentation assay. However, treatment with Wen-Pi-Tang extract, at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL−1 together with SIN-1 protected renal tubular cells against ONOO− through scavenging ONOO− and inhibiting apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with Wen-Pi-Tang extract both before and after exposure to SIN-1 was also protective: it reduced cellular ONOO− levels, increased cell viability and decreased the DNA fragmentation rate. These results suggest that Wen-Pi-Tang would have protective activity against ONOO−-induced renal tubular injury through the inhibition of ONOO− production and apoptotic cell death by both preventing and treating renal injury. Furthermore, morphological characteristics of apoptosis were observed in SIN-1 treated tubular cells, while the addition of Wen-Pi-Tang extract with SIN-1 attenuated these morphological changes. ONOO− generated by SIN-1 also disturbed the cell cycle by decreasing the cellular G2/M phase ratio, while Wen-Pi-Tang extract regulated the cell cycle by G2/M phase arrest.
Protective effect of Asteracantha longifolia extract in mouse liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol
Authors: Hewawasam R P , Jayatilaka K A P W , Pathirana C , Mudduwa L K B 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Asteracantha longifolia Linn (Acanthaceae) plant extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (0.5 mL kg−1 CCl4 in olive oil) in one model and in the other by administration of paracetamol1 (300 mg kg−1 in saline) orally, after a 16-h fast. An aqueous extract of the whole plant (0.9 g kg−1) was used on a pre- and post-treatment basis. Asteracantha reduced the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level by 69.32% (P &lt; 0.001) and increased the liver reduced glutathione level by 64.65% (P &lt; 0.001) in the pre-treated group, 4 days after the administration of CCl4. A similar pattern was observed in the pre-treated group 4 h after the administration of paracetamol with a reduction in serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes by 65.04, 55.79 and 45.75% respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Plant extract also increased the glutathione concentration of the liver significantly (P &lt; 0.001). Histopathological studies also provided supportive evidence for results from the biochemical analysis with marked improvement in liver architecture being observed in the Asteracantha-treated groups. Pre-treatment showed better results than post-treatment in both hepatotoxic models. Overall results indicate that the aqueous extract of Asteracantha longifolia possesses hepatoprotective effects on CCl4- and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Sho-saiko-to and Saiko-keisi-to, the traditional Chinese and Japanese herbal medicines, altered hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice and rats when administered orally for a long time
Authors: Nose Mitsuhiko , Tamura Masayo , Ryu Nobukazu , Mizukami Hajime , Ogihara Yukio 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
As the consumption of herbal remedies has increased, the opportunity that such herbal medicines are co-administered with other drugs has also risen gradually and we are, therefore, very much concerned about herb–drug interactions. We examined the effects of pre-administration of Kampo medicines (Sho-saiko-to, Saiko-keishi-to, Shigyaku-san and Dai-saiko-to) on the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice and rats, to clarify the possibility that they could affect the drug-metabolizing enzymes. The administration of Sho-saiko-to and Saiko-keishi-to for 4 weeks significantly shortened the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice and the administration of Sho-saiko-to for 2 weeks significantly reduced the sleeping time in rats. Furthermore, we tried to identify the molecular species of rat cytochrome P450s (CYPs) affected by Sho-saiko-to and Saiko-keishi-to by competitive RT-PCR. The oral administration of Sho-saiko-to for 2 weeks up-regulated the mRNA expression of CYP2B, CYP3A1, CYP2E1 and CYP4A1 in rats. The treatment with Saiko-keishi-to for 2 weeks also up-regulated the mRNA expression of CYP2B, CYP3A1 and CYP4A1. Sho-saiko-to and Saiko-keishi-to may potentially influence the drug-metabolizing enzymes in man, and would thus require much attention when used in the clinical situation.
Accessibility of solid core tablet for dissolution in an asymmetric triple-layer matrix system
Authors: Yang Libo , Fassihi Reza 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
The importance of glassy matrix surface area to ensure constant drug release and the effect of barrier layer thickness on the duration of linear release in an asymmetric triple-layer tablet with zero-order release kinetics were investigated. Poly(ethylene oxide) of different molecular weights and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M were the major polymeric constituents, and verapamil hydrochloride was used as a drug model. The contribution of diffusion and polymer relaxation towards drug release was evaluated based on drug release data using a non-linear regression analysis algorithm. The results demonstrated that application of barrier layers to the central core tablet enables polymer relaxation to be the predominant mechanism in controlling drug release and leads to the often desired zero-order release kinetics. The duration of linear release from the asymmetric triple-layer tablet depends on the barrier layer thickness and composition. It was further indicated that the magnitude of diffusion and polymer relaxation in controlling drug release is affected by the accessibility of the drug core tablet for dissolution, as well as the inherent swelling and erosion characteristics of the release rate-controlling polymer.
Intratumoural chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil for palliation of bronchial cancer in patients with severe airway obstruction
Authors: Çelikoǧlu Firuz , Çelikoǧlu Seyhan I 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Patients with tracheal or major airway obstruction owing to inoperable carcinomas are at risk of developing respiratory failure or postobstructive pneumonia. In such cases, there is an urgency to restore the airway. Bronchoscopic interventional procedures for palliation of malignant airway obstruction are becoming more common in clinical practice. However, as current interventional methods may be unavailable or are contraindicated, we have investigated the use of direct intratumoural injection with 5-fluorouracil for tumour regression to open the airway. In this study, 65 patients who presented with greater than 50% obstruction of at least one major airway were treated with 5-fluorouracil injection directly into the endobronchial tumour or area of infiltrated bronchial mucosa through a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope. The pretreatment luminal opening for this cohort of 65 patients ranged from 0% (totally obstructed) to 40%, with an overall mean luminal opening of 22% (78% occlusion). There was a positive response to intratumoural injection in 56 of 65 patients, and a large reduction in the size of tumours by endoscopic evaluation in the majority of cases. Overall, the mean pretreatment luminal opening of 22.0% was significantly improved to a mean post-treatment luminal opening of 58.5%, an increase in the opening of the airways of 36.5%. The increase in the diameter of the airway lumen was more than 50% for 34 of 65 patients, and 23 showed a 25–50% improvement. The results were of obvious immediate clinical benefit. Statistical analysis of all patient data by a Wilcoxon matched-pairs/sign-ranked test confirmed the significant benefit achieved (P &lt; 0.001). The therapy was well tolerated, with no systemic side-effects or any serious complications. The results of this study suggest that in patients with life-threatening airway obstruction, intratumoural injection of anticancer drugs should be regarded as an important new therapeutic approach and an integral part of interventional bronchoscopic management. This study further encourages more general consideration of intratumoural drug injection as a minimally invasive therapeutic method for the treatment of lung cancer and various inoperable cancers.
The effects of the phytoestrogenic isoflavone genistein on the hepatic disposition of preformed and hepatically generated gemfibrozil 1-O-acyl glucuronide in the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Lucas Anthony N , Brogan Léonie R , Nation Roger L , Milne Robert W , Evans Allan M , Shackleford David M 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Foods and complementary medicines contain phytoestrogenic isoflavones such as genistein, which undergo hepatic glucuronidation and excretion into bile and can potentially interfere with the hepatic elimination of other compounds. To investigate this potential, livers from Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused in single-pass mode with preformed gemfibrozil 1-O-acyl glucuronide (GG) (1 μM, n = 12) for 60 min followed by a 30-min washout phase, or with gemfibrozil (1 μM n = 10) for 120 min. Half of each group of livers were co-perfused with genistein (10 μM) throughout the experiment. Perfusate and bile were analyzed for GG and gemfibrozil by HPLC. Co-perfusion with genistein significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased the biliary extraction ratio of preformed GG from a mean of 0.82 to 0.65 and the first-order rate constant for transport of GG into bile from 0.054 + 0.010 to 0.032 + 0.008 min−1, but increased the first-order rate constant for sinusoidal efflux of GG from 0.128 + 0.023 to 0.227 + 0.078 min−1. Co-perfusion with genistein also significantly decreased the biliary extraction ratio of hepatically generated GG from 0.95 + 0.01 to 0.83 + 0.05. The findings confirm that genistein increases the potential for hepatic and systemic exposure to hepatically generated glucuronides, which may be important for patients on conventional drugs who consume isoflavones.
Methane to Hydrogen by Means of Redox of Modified Iron Oxides
Authors: Takenaka Sakae , Son Van Tho Dinh , Yamada Chisa , Otsuka Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
CH4 can be converted to pure H2 by means of repeated reduction of modified iron oxides (Cu–Cr–FeOx) with CH4 and subsequent oxidation of the reduced oxides with H2O.
Synthesis and Structures of Cyclic Ethynylphosphine Ligands
Authors: Shiozawa Rie , Sakamoto Kenkichi 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Twelve-membered cyclic diethynylphosphine derivatives (R12SiC≡C–R2PC≡C)2 (1a: R1 = R2 = Ph; 1b: R1 = Ph, R2 = t-Bu; 1c: R1 = i-Pr, R2 = Ph) have been synthesized as a novel cyclic phosphine ligand including potentially reactive acetylene and silane moieties. Compounds 1a and 1b were formed as a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers, while an only trans-isomer was obtained for 1c. X-ray structural analysis revealed planar skeletal structures of the trans-isomers of 1a–c.
A Convenient Synthesis of MAPO-36 (ATS) by Dry-gel Conversion (DGC) Technique
Authors: Saha Shyamal Kumar , Kubota Yoshihiro , Sugi Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
MAPO-36 (ATS topology), which is one of the metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, was successfully synthesized by means of dry-gel conversion (DGC) technique.
Preparation and Catalytic Application of Transition Metal (Fe, V, or Cu) Oxides Homogeneously Dispersed in the Wall of Mesoporous Nb2O5
Authors: Yamashita Tomohiro , Lu Daling , Kondo Junko N , Hara Michikazu , Domen Kazunari 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Fe, V, or Cu oxide was mixed in mesoporous Nb2O5, at a few atom percent, and their extremely high dispersion was confirmed by elemental analysis in about 5-nm spots using TEM–EDS. These mesoporous Nb2O5 showed characteristic selectivity for cyclohexene oxidation depending on the kind of the doped metal oxide.
A Clinical Audit into the Success Rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Analgesia in General Dental Practice
Authors: Keetley Andrew , Moles David R 
Published: October 2003

Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to produce some observational evidence of the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block (IDB) analgesia that is achieved in general dental practice. The objective was to help provide some measure of expected failure rates and help dental practitioners in their self-appraisal of this crucial basic skill. Method Up to 100 consecutive IDB analgesia procedures for four dentists were recorded. In a subdivision of this study 200 consecutive IDBs for a fifth dentist were recorded. This dentist had the greatest experience of giving IDB analgesia of the dentists in this study. In this part of the study the dentist made a note if he anticipated that the procedure would fail. The reason for this was that it was felt that experienced dental practitioners could predict when failure was about to occur. The level of facial nerve palsy was also recorded. Results Overall, 533 of 580 (91.9%) local anaesthetic administrations were deemed to be successful. The only factor that significantly affected the likelihood of success was the practitioner administering the local anaesthetic, and this was only borderline statistically significant. In order to be certain that the other factors did not affect the outcome, the data were re-analysed using the technique of Poisson regression. This technique investigated the effects of each of the factors in turn while controlling for the differences in success that can be attributed to the different practitioners. The regression analyses also did not detect any differences in success that could be attributed to any of the other recorded factors. The incidence of facial palsy was 0.3%. Conclusion This paper gives an insight into the possible success rates to be encountered by general dental practitioners when they administer IDB analgesia. The only recorded factor that could be shown to affect the chance of a successful local analgesic was the operator. The incidence of facial nerve palsy at 0.3% may be more common than has previously been considered.
Barriers to the Use of Dental Services by Individuals from Minority Ethnic Communities Living in the United Kingdom: Findings from Focus Groups
Authors: Newton Jonathon T , Thorogood Nicky , Bhavnani Vanita , Pitt Jill , Gibbons David E , Gelbier Stanley 
Published: October 2003

Objective To describe the barriers identified by individuals from minority ethnic communities resident in the United Kingdom to their use of dental services. Method Focus group discussions were held with individuals from minority ethnic groups. Data were analysed using the technique of content analysis on the basis of categories defined by the researchers. Findings Barriers to regular attendance identified by participants included: language, a mistrust of dentists, cost, anxiety, cultural misunderstandings, concern about standards of hygiene. The type of barrier identified differed between ethnic groups, though mistrust of dentists was common to all groups. Conclusions The findings confirm previous research identifying barriers to the use of dental services. However, for the first time in the United Kingdom, it has been suggested that the nature of the perceived barriers varies across ethnic groups. These findings have implications for attempts to increase use of dental services among individuals from minority ethnic communities.
Thoracoscopy: A new era for surgical anatomy
Authors: Satyapal K.S. , Singh B. , Partab P. , Ramsaroop L. , Pather N. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn this new era of minimal access surgery, advances in optics and illumination have established thoracoscopic sympathectomy as a pre‐eminent procedure, including a safe and efficient technique for upper limb sympathectomy. The success of thoracoscopy will doubtless ensure that a greater number of these procedures will be carried out and will put some of the daunting technical challenges posed by traditional open surgical procedures to rest. The thoracoscopic era affords the surgical anatomist a new challenge: to move the teaching of living anatomy to a higher level. Clin. Anat. 16:538–541, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.