bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polyaniline and application in the design of formulations of conductive paints
Authors: Vecino M. , González I. , Muñoz M. E. , Santamaría A. , Ochoteco E. , Pomposo J. A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) is prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline in acidic medium using ammonium peroxydisulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) as oxidant. The polymer, with a conductivity of 25–30 S/cm, is used to formulate conducting paints. A stable paint with a conductivity of 10−3 S/cm is obtained. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A facile approach to surface graft vinyl acetate onto polyolefin articles
Authors: Tan Lin , Deng Jianping , Yang Wantai 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA facile and environment friendly approach was developed to graft vinyl acetate (VAc) onto plastic articles in an aqueous solution using tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) as a compatiblizer and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. In a novel setup, excessive monomer suspended in a water phase, VAc could be conveniently grafted on the model substrate of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film and the graft percentage (GP) could be developed up to 7.3%. Reaction temperature could increase GP significantly, while adding monomer over a critical volume did not influence GP. By adding some paradioxybenzene, i.e. 0.06–0.08% in VAc phase, homopolymer PVAc could be avoided practically, while graft polymerization proceeded favorably in aqueous solutions. It was proved by attenuated total reflection‐infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy that grafted VAc was located mainly at the surface of the LDPE film and hydrophilic nature of both grafted and alcoholyzed films were improved via contact angle measurements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of thiophosphoryl disulfide on the co‐cure of CR‐EPDM blends: effect of white fillers
Authors: Das A. , Debnath S. C. , De D. , Naskar N. , Basu D. K. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBis(diisopropyl) thiophosphoryl disulfide (DIPDIS) being a rubber accelerator has a definite role as a coupling agent in the silica filled polychloroprene rubber with ethylene propylene diene rubber (CR‐EPDM) blends. Diethylene glycol can further improve the beneficial effect of DIPDIS in silica filled CR‐EPDM blends. Two‐stage vulcanization technique further improves the physical properties of silica filled CR‐EPDM blends. The results have been compared with non‐reinforcing calcium carbonate filled systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies further indicate the coherency and homogeneity in the silica filled CR‐EPDM blend vulcanizates obtained from this two‐stage process. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrically conductive sensors for liquids based on ternary immiscible polymer blends containing polyaniline
Authors: Cooper H. , Segal E. , Srebnik S. , Tchoudakov R. , Narkis M. , Siegmann A. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractElectrically conductive blends, containing two immiscible polymers (ethylene vinyl acetate, EVA‐19, and copolyamide 6/6.9, CoPA) and polyaniline (PANI), were produced by melt processing. These blends showed a preferred localization of PANI in the CoPA phase, thus enhancing the formation of continuous conducting networks. Electrically conductive PANI‐containing filaments produced by a capillary rheometer process at various shear rate levels were studied as sensing materials for a homologous series of alcohols (methanol, ethanol and 1‐propanol). All filaments showed a decreasing resistance upon exposure to these solvents. Filaments exposed to methanol, liquid or vapor, exhibited the highest resistance decrease. This behavior was related to the highest polarity of methanol, compared with ethanol and 1‐propanol. The filaments' rate of production significantly affects the relative resistance change upon exposure to the various alcohols and their reproducibility. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oriented structure of octadecyl acridine orange intercalated in the monolayer and Langmuir–Blodgett film of octadecyl adenine‐thymine base pairs
Authors: Fujita Kyoko , Nakamura Fumio , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe oriented structure of acridine orange (AO) in both monolayer and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film has been studied by optical waveguide (OWG) spectroscopy using polarized incident light. Mixed monolayer and LB films, consisting of octadecyl acridine orange (C18‐AO) incorporated in stacked base pairs of octadecyl adenine (C18‐Ade) and octadecyl thymine (C18‐Thy), were prepared on a quartz waveguide. Absorption of transverse electric field (TE) polarized light was about twice that of transverse magnetic field (TM) polarized light. Both OWG spectra have λmax at 500 nm, which is characteristic of monomeric AO molecules. This result strongly suggests that C18‐AO molecules were dispersed uniformly in the mixed monolayer and were excited more effectively by the TE polarized light. Since the absorption moment of AO molecules is related to their long axis, it is proposed that C18‐AO molecules are incorporated in C18‐Ade/C18‐Thy pairs with the long axis parallel to the layer surface. The absorbance at 500 nm was proportional to the number of layers on the waveguide. The dichroic ratio of the absorbance at 500 nm for TE polarized light to that for TM polarized light was constant regardless of the number of layers. The C18‐AO molecules were uniformly incorporated in each layer with the long axis relatively parallel to the layer surface. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation‐grafted solid polymer electrolyte membrane: thermal and mechanical properties of sulfonated fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP)‐graft‐acrylic acid membranes
Authors: Patri M. , Hande V. R. , Phadnis S. , Deb P. C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractAcrylic acid was grafted onto fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) using a simultaneous radiation technique and the resulting membranes were subsequently sulfonated. Thermal and mechanical properties of these membranes were investigated and were found to be strongly influenced by the degree of grafting. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of these membranes showed that these membranes undergo multistep degradation unlike virgin FEP which degrades in a single step. Glass transition temperature and degree of crystallinity were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Glass transition temperature increased while crystallinity decreased with increase in degree of grafting. Tensile strength and elongation at break were found to decrease on grafting and further on sulfonation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracranial relapse in Wilms tumor patients
Authors: van den Heuvel‐Eibrink M.M. , Graf N. , Pein F. , Sandstedt B. , van Tinteren H. , van der Vaart K.E. , de Kraker J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBackgroundIn children with nephroblastoma, recurrence with metastases in the central nervous system is rare. Recently, previous reports (NWTSG and UKCCSG) reported brain metastases with an incidence of respectively 0.5% and 0.6% in Wilms tumor (WT) patients (respectively n = 30/5,852 and n = 7/1,249).ProcedureWe retrospectively investigated the incidence and survival of patients with central nervous system relapse in WT patients, treated according to the consecutive SIOP protocols 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 93‐01. All children with WT from 1971 until 2000 were enrolled in the study (3,040 eligible patients). Specimens at diagnosis and if possible at relapse were centrally reviewed. Patients with renal neoplasms other than WT were excluded.ResultsCNS relapse was documented in 14 patients (0.5%). Median time to CNS relapse was 16 months (3–69). The occurrence of relapse was not associated with specific histological subtypes. In seven patients intracranial metastases occurred at first relapse, of which two were isolated relapses. In five patients no treatment was started because of the poor condition of the patient, the other nine cases were treated with (a combination of) chemotherapy (n = 6), surgery (n = 4), and radiotherapy (n = 6).ConclusionsCNS relapse in WNT is rare. In contrast to reports of other Wilms tumor study groups, although four patients reached (local) CR, the SIOP registry showed that eventually none of the documented WT patients survived. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional aspects of ribosomal architecture: symmetry, chirality and regulation
Authors: Zarivach Raz , Bashan Anat , Berisio Rita , Harms Joerg , Auerbach Tamar , Schluenzen Frank , Bartels Heike , Baram David , Pyetan Erez , Sittner Assa , Amit Maya , Hansen Harly A. S. , Kessler Maggie , Liebe Christa , Wolff Anja , Agmon Ilana , Yonath Ada 
Published: August 2004

AbstractHigh‐resolution structures of both ribosomal subunits revealed that most stages of protein biosynthesis, including decoding of genetic information, are navigated and controlled by the elaborate ribosomal architectural‐design. Remote interactions govern accurate substrate alignment within a flexible active‐site pocket [peptidyl transferase center (PTC)], and spatial considerations, due mainly to a universal mobile nucleotide, U2585, ensure proper chirality by interfering with D‐amino‐acids incorporation. tRNA translocation involves two correlated motions: overall mRNA/tRNA (messenger and transfer RNA) shift, and a rotation of the tRNA single‐stranded aminoacylated‐3′ end around the bond connecting it with the tRNA helical‐regions. This bond coincides with an axis passing through a sizable symmetry‐related region, identified around the PTC in all large‐subunit crystal structures. Propelled by a bulged universal nucleotide, A2602, positioned at the two‐fold symmetry axis, and guided by a ribosomal‐RNA scaffold along an exact pattern, the rotatory motion results in stereochemistry optimal for peptide‐bond formation and in geometry ensuring nascent proteins entrance into their exit tunnel. Hence, confirming that ribosomes contribute positional rather than chemical catalysis, and that peptide bond formation is concurrent with A‐ to P‐site tRNA passage. Connecting between the PTC, the decoding center, the tRNA entrance and exit points, the symmetry‐related region can transfer intra‐ribosomal signals between remote functional locations, guaranteeing smooth processivity of amino acids polymerization. Ribosomal proteins are involved in accurate substrate placement (L16), discrimination and signal transmission (L22) and protein biosynthesis regulation (CTC). Residing on the exit tunnel walls near its entrance, and stretching to its opening, protein‐L22 can mediate ribosome response to cellular regulatory signals, since it can swing across the tunnel, causing gating and elongation arrest. Each of the protein CTC domains has a defined task. The N‐terminal domain stabilizes the intersubunit‐bridge confining the A‐site‐tRNA entrance. The middle domain protects the bridge conformation at elevated temperatures. The C‐terminal domain can undergo substantial conformational rearrangements upon substrate binding, indicating CTC participation in biosynthesis‐control under stressful conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TCP Hybla: a TCP enhancement for heterogeneous networks
Authors: Caini Carlo , Firrincieli Rosario 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn heterogeneous networks, TCP connections that incorporate a terrestrial or satellite radio link are greatly disadvantaged with respect to entirely wired connections, because of their longer round trip times (RTTs). To cope with this problem, a new TCP proposal, the TCP Hybla, is presented and discussed in the paper. It stems from an analytical evaluation of the congestion window dynamics in the TCP standard versions (Tahoe, Reno, NewReno), which suggests the necessary modifications to remove the performance dependence on RTT. TCP Hybla performance is firstly evaluated in the case of an ideal channel, with good correlation between analytical and simulation data. Then, more realistic situations, which require the adoption of a benchmark network topology and a careful ns‐2 simulation set‐up, are examined. In particular, TCP Hybla performance is compared with that achievable by TCP standard in the presence of congestion and link losses, either separately or jointly considered. In all the examined cases, the superiority of TCP Hybla is evident, as it greatly reduces the severe penalization suffered by wireless, and especially satellite, TCP connections. Finally, it is worth noting that TCP Hybla does not infringe the end to end semantics of TCP and is compatible with other promising enhancements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Workaholism among Norwegian journalists: antecedents and consequences
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Matthiesen Stig 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis study examined correlates of workaholism among 211 Norwegian journalists. Three workaholism types were considered (work enthusiasts, work addicts, enthusiastic addicts) using measures developed by Spence and Robbins (1992). Correlates included a number of personal demographic and work situation characteristics, measures of positive and negative affect, burnout components and absenteeism. Although the three workaholism types were similar on personal and work situation characteristics, work enthusiasts indicated significantly more positive affect and significantly less negative affect, exhaustion and cynicism than one or both of the other workaholism types. The workaholism types did not differ on professional efficacy or absenteeism however. The three workaholism types worked similar hours per week ruling this out as a possible explanation of the findings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RbAu(SeO4)2: First Structure Determination of a Ternary Gold Selenate
Authors: Büchner Oliver , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractYellow single crystals of RbAu(SeO4)2 were obtained upon evaporation of a solution prepared from the reaction of elemental gold and Rb2CO3 with conc. selenic acid. In the crystal structure (monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 1078.7(4), b = 522.7(1), c = 739.3(2) pm, β = 116.45(2)°) Au3+ is in square planar coordination of oxygen atoms which belong to four SeO42‐ ions. According to [Au(SeO4)4/2]‐ anionic chains are formed which are connected by the Rb+ ions. The latter are surrounded by two chelating and six monodentate selenate groups leading to a CN of 10.
Der strukturdirigierende Einfluß von α, ω‐Alkandiammoniumionen auf die Bildung von Cyanocupraten(I)
Authors: Pretsch Thorsten , Hartl Hans 
Published: August 2004

Abstract Die Alkan‐1, n‐diammonium‐hexacyanotetracuprate(I) (n = 2 bis 4) [NH3(CH2)2NH3][Cu4(CN)6]·2H2O (1), [NH3(CH2)3NH3][Cu4(CN)6]·H2O (2) und [NH3(CH2)4NH3][Cu4(CN)6]·2H2O (3) sowie das Pentan‐1, 5‐diammonium‐tetradecacyanooctacuprat(I) [NH3(CH2)5NH3]3[Cu8(CN)14]·3H2O (4) wurden hydrothermal durch Umsetzungen von Ethan‐1, 2‐diamin, Propan‐1, 3‐diamin, Butan‐1, 4‐diamin und Pentan‐1, 5‐diamin mit CuCN und NaCN in Gegenwart von Ameisensäure erhalten.In den Kristallstrukturen der Verbindungen 1 bis 3 werden anionische Schichten vernetzter (CuCN)6‐Ringe unterschiedlicher Konformation durch starre, all‐anti α, ω‐Alkandiammoniumionen als Gegenkationen und Abstandshalter übereinander gestapelt. Wassermoleküle verbinden die Dikationen über Wasserstoffbrücken‐Bindungen zu Ketten, die Anionenschichten nadelförmig durchbohren. Die leichter deformierbaren Dikationen [NH3(CH2)5NH3]2+ in 4 sind dagegen in Hohlräume eines dreidimensional vernetzten Cyanocuprat(I)‐Gerüstes eingelagert. Kristalldaten s. Abstract.
Ein Netzwerk aus Iodid‐Ionen und Iod‐Molekülen in der Kristallstruktur von [Pr(Benzo‐15‐Krone‐5)2]I21
Authors: Pantenburg Ingo , Müller Ingrid 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBei der Reaktion von Praseodym(III)‐iodid mit Benzo‐15‐Krone‐5 und I2 in Ethanol / Dichlormethan gelang die Darstellung von [Pr(Benzo‐15‐Krone‐5)2]I21 in Form tiefschwarzer Polyeder. Einkristallstrukturuntersuchungen ergaben eine orthorhombische Elementarzelle (P21cn, a = 1201.1(1), b = 2168.3(1), c = 2571.1(1) pm, Z = 4). Das Komplexsalz setzt sich aus sandwichartigen Praseodym‐bis(Benzo‐15‐Krone‐5)‐Kationen und Polyiodid‐Anionen I213‐ zusammen. Das in dieser Form bisher einzigartige Polyiodid‐Anion zeigt ein komplexes Verknüpfungsschema, in dem Iodid‐Ionen und Iod‐Moleküle über einen ausgedehnten Bindungslängenbereich zu einem komplizierten Netzwerk verbunden werden.
Crystal Structure of the Bis[zinc(II)‐hydroxide‐(μ‐perchlorate)‐triaqua] Complex
Authors: Li Yong‐Hua , Ye Qiong , Tang Yun‐Zhi , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractColorless single crystals of the title compound were accidentally obtained by a reaction of p‐sulfophenylalanine with zinc perchlorate. The crystal structure (monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 5.9031(7), b = 13.5404(16), c = 9.7932(8) Å, β = 126.438(5)°, V = 629.74(12) Å3, R1[I>2σ(I)] = 0.0276, wR2(all) = 0.0844) reveals a discrete dinuclear [Zn(OH)(μ‐ClO4)(H2O)3]2 in which each perchlorate anion acts as a bidentate bridging linker to bind two Zn atoms whereas the hydroxy group is a terminal group. Thus, the local surrounding around the zinc atom can be best described as a slightly distorted octahedron.
Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen neuer selenidoverbrückter Ruthenium‐Clusterverbindungen
Authors: Wunder Markus , Rauchfuss Thomas B. , Fenske Dieter 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDurch die Reaktion von Se(SiMe3)2 mit[RuCl2(PPh3)3], bzw. einer Mischung aus [RuCl2(PPh3)3] und Alkylphosphinen können selenidoverbrückte Rutheniumclusterverbindungen dargestellt werden. In dieser Arbeit werden die Verbindungen [Ru6Se8(PPh3)6] (1), [Ru6Se8(PEt3)6] (2) und[Ru6Se8(PnPr3)6] (3) beschrieben. Bei einer formalen Ladungstrennung liegen in 1‐3 Ru616+‐Clusterkerne vor. Dementsprechend handelt es sich um gemischtvalente Verbindungen, die Ru2+ und Ru3+ enthalten. Die Strukturen dieser Verbindungen wurden mittels Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt.
Y[PS4]: An Unusual ABX4 Compound with a PtS‐Related Crystal Structure
Authors: Komm Theresa , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2004

AbstractPale yellow single crystals of Y[PS4] (tetragonal, I41/acd; a = 1065.72(5), c = 1899.23(9) pm, Z = 16) can easily be obtained by the reaction of the elements without using a flux to avoid the entrapment of alkali metals. The structure consists of isolated [PS4]3‐ tetrahedra (d(P‐S) = 203 pm, 4×) each surrounded by four Y3+ cations resulting in a S4N4‐analogous arrangement of the metal cations and sulfur atoms about the phosphorus in the center of this polyhedron. Both crystallographically different Y3+ cations are eightfold coordinated by sulfur in the shape of trigonal dodecahedra (d(Y‐S) = 280 ‐ 300 pm, CN = 8) which in turn belong to four exclusively edge‐attached [PS4]3‐ tetrahedra. These build up a distorted cubic closest packing where the Y3+ cations are situated in one half of the tetrahedral holes the same way as S2‐ in the Pt2+ arrangement of the PtS‐type structure.
The Structure of the High Temperature Modification of Lithium Triflate (γ‐LiSO3CF3)
Authors: Dinnebier Robert , Sofina Natalia , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe high temperature modification of lithium triflate (γ‐LiSO3CF3) crystallises in the orthorhombic space group Cmca with the lattice parameters a = 6.3022(4), b = 8.6989(5), and c = 20.1262(14) Å (synchrotron powder diffraction data, T = 456 K). The crystal structure of γ‐LiSO3CF3 is disordered, in the cationic as well as the anionic partial structure, and exhibits double layers of triflate anions with the lipophilic CF3‐groups facing each other. The lithium ions could not be located by the diffraction experiment due to their high mobility. The staggered triflate anion is twofold disorderd leading to two different positions on top of each other which are tilted to one another.
New Copper(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes with the N,N′‐Bis(antipyryl‐4‐methyl)‐piperazine (BAMP) Ligand: Co2(BAMP)Cl4 and [Cu(BAMP)(H2O)](ClO4)2
Authors: Costişor Otilia , Pantenburg Ingo , Tudose Ramona , Meyer Gerd 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe syntheses and the crystal structures of the complexes Co2(BAMP)Cl4 (1) and [Cu(BAMP)(H2O)](ClO4)2 (2) are reported. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the unit cell dimensions a = 3129.7(4), b = 772.9(1), c = 1503.4(2) pm, β = 112.47(1)° and Z = 4. Cobalt(II) is surrounded in the fashion of a distorted tetrahedron built from the NO donor atoms of the BAMP ligand and two chloride anions. The copper compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/a with unit cell dimensions of a = 2539.0(3), b = 1448.1(1), c = 1887.0(2) pm, β = 93.40(1)° and Z = 8. Copper(II) coordination can be described as a square‐based pyramid with the N2O2 donor atoms of the BAMP molecule forming the basal plane completed by a water molecule in the apical position. Spectroscopic (IR and UV‐Vis) and conductivity data of the new complex compounds are presented.
Combined therapy with low-potency neuroleptic levomepromazine as an adjunct to haloperidol for agitated patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia
Authors: Higashima Masato , Takeda Tsutomu , Nagasawa Tatsuya , Hirao Naohisa , Oka Takashi , Nakamura Mitsuhiko , Kitamura Maki , Koshino Yoshifumi 
Published: August 2004

As a practical strategy for reducing agitation in schizophrenia, low-potency neuroleptics have been commonly used as an adjunct in combination with high-potency neuroleptics that seem superior in reducing positive symptoms. There is no evidence, however, that giving more than one antipsychotics at a time enhances therapeutic effects. Antipsychotic polypharmacy has been rather considered an unproven and potentially harmful practice [4].The low-potency neuroleptic levomepromazine has been in common use for agitated patients with schizophrenia in Europe and Japan [2,3], because of its markedly sedative property. In order to clarify whether levomepromazine as an adjunct to high-potency neuroleptics are beneficial or harmful, therefore, we compared the efficacy of the combined therapy with levomepromazine and high-potency neuroleptic haloperidol with the monotherapy with haloperidol for patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.
The Role of Supinator in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Lateral Elbow Pain: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: ERAK S. , DAY R. , WANG A. 
Published: August 2004

The relative contributions of the forearm extensors to the tensile force at the lateral epicondyle were examined by implanting a force transducer in the common extensor tendon of four soft fixed cadaver elbows and sequentially stretching each muscle arising from the lateral epicondye. Extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum communis produced the largest increases while the superficial head of supinator produced a moderate increase in tensile force in the common extensor tendon. Extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi ulnaris had no significant effect. Radial tunnel pressure was measured using a balloon catheter in a separate study of five cadaver elbows. Radial tunnel pressure increased on moving the wrist from neutral to a flexion–pronation position. This positional rise in pressure was reduced by supinator musculotendinous lengthening (77%) while lengthening of the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum communis had no effect. This study demonstrates a biomechanical basis for the superficial head of supinator in the aetiology of both lateral epicondylitis and radial tunnel syndrome.