bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparity between Legislation and Implementation of Fiscal Laws in the UT of J&amp;K
Authors: Mir Nauman , Mir Showkat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This research explores the fiscal responsibility framework in the Union Territory (UT) of Jammu and Kashmir, focusing on the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBM Act) and the constitutional provisions under Articles 292 and 293. The study investigates the fiscal deficit challenges faced by the UT, analysing its revenue expenditure in relation to federal relations. Objectives include examining the FRBM Act, understanding Centre-State financial relations, exploring the concept of fiscal discipline, and scrutinizing the fiscal deficit trends in J&K.

The analysis delves into the FRBM Act of 2003, emphasizing its role in ensuring fiscal balance, sustainable growth, and responsible financial management. Constitutional provisions under Articles 292 and 293, which empower the government to borrow and set restrictions, are explored in conjunction with the FRBM Act. The study evaluates the fiscal deficit scenario in J&K, considering the implications on sectors such as healthcare and power development. The findings aim to contribute valuable insights for policymakers and researchers, addressing the complex fiscal challenges within the UT.
3D architecture and complex behavior along the simple central San Andreas fault
Authors: Cheng Yifang , Bürgmann Roland , Allen Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The central San Andreas Fault (CSAF) exhibits a simple linear large-scale fault geometry, yet seismic and aseismic deformation features vary in a complex way along the fault. Here we investigate fault zone behaviors using geodetic observation, seismicity and microearthquake focal mechanisms. We employ an improved focal-mechanism characterization method using relative earthquake radiation patterns on 75,164 M ≥ 1 earthquakes along a 2-km-wide, 190-km-long segment of the CSAF, from 1984 to 2015. The data reveal the 3D fine-scale structure and interseismic kinematics of the CSAF. Our findings indicate that the first-order spatial variations in interseismic fault creep rate, creep direction, and the fault zone stress field can be explained by a simple fault coupling model. The inferred 3D mechanical properties of a mechanically weak and poorly coupled fault zone provide a unified understanding of the complex fine-scale kinematics, indicating distributed slip deficits facilitating small-to-moderate earthquakes, localized stress heterogeneities, and complex multi-scale ruptures along the fault. Through this detailed mapping, we aim to relate the fine-scale fault architecture to potential future faulting behavior along the CSAF.
Individual Prediction of Optimal Treatment Allocation Between Electroconvulsive Therapy or Ketamine using the Personalized Advantage Index
Authors: Wade Benjamin , Pindale Ryan , Camprodon Joan , Luccarelli James , Li Shuang , Meisner Robert , Seiner Stephen , Henry Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine are two effective treatments for depression with similar efficacy; however, individual patient outcomes may be improved by models that predict optimal treatment assignment. Here, we adapt the Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) algorithm using machine learning to predict optimal treatment assignment between ECT and ketamine using medical record data from a large, naturalistic patient cohort. We hypothesized that patients who received a treatment predicted to be optimal would have significantly better outcomes following treatment compared to those who received a non-optimal treatment.
Methods:Data on 2526 ECT and 235 mixed IV ketamine and esketamine patients from McLean Hospital was aggregated. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) before and during acute treatment. Patients were matched between treatments on pretreatment QIDS, age, inpatient status, and psychotic symptoms using a 1:1 ratio yielding a sample of 470 patients (n=235 per treatment). Random forest models were trained and predicted differential patientwise minimum QIDS scores achieved during acute treatment (min-QIDS) scores for ECT and ketamine using pretreatment patient measures. Analysis of Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values identified predictors of differential outcomes between treatments.
Results: Twenty-seven percent of patients with the largest PAI scores who received a treatment predicted optimal had significantly lower min-QIDS scores compared to those who received a non-optimal treatment (mean difference=1.6, t=2.38, q<0.05, Cohen’s D=0.36). Analysis of SHAP values identified prescriptive pretreatment measures.
Conclusions: Patients assigned to a treatment predicted to be optimal had significantly better treatment outcomes. Our model identified pretreatment patient factors captured in medical records that can provide interpretable and actionable guidelines treatment selection.
PrEPárate: Evaluation of a Community-Driven PrEP Social Marketing Intervention Tailored to Latina/o/x Individuals
Authors: Shah Harita S. , Serrano Pedro A. , Mathur Priya K. , Albarran Ricardo , Hondal Esbeidy Torres , Miguel Cindy San , Curtis Michael G. , II Gregory Phillips 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Latina/o/x sexual minority men (SMM) and transgender women (TW) remain disproportionately impacted by HIV, with higher HIV incidence and lower uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) than non-Hispanic white peers. Disparities in PrEP uptake among Latina/o/x populations have been found to be due to structural, social, and personal barriers. Social marketing interventions have been shown to effectively address barriers and increase PrEP uptake in other populations, and thus offer potential as a tool to increase PrEP uptake for Latina/o/x populations.
Methods: The PrEPárate campaign was developed through community based participatory research and ran from April to September 2022 in Cook County, Illinois. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation through surveys (N=515) and semi-structured interviews with community partners and survey participants (N=14). Cross-sectional associations of campaign exposure with PrEP awareness and uptake were examined in covariate-adjusted multivariable regression models. We used rapid qualitative methods to analyze interviews and assess implementation outcomes using the RE-AIM framework.
Results: The campaign reached over 118,000 people on social media, with additional reach over public transit. PrEPárate exposure was associated with increased PrEP awareness (aOR= 5.23; 95% CI = (2.58, 10.63) and PrEP uptake (aOR= 1.69; 95% CI = (1.09, 2.62). Qualitative analysis found the campaign to be acceptable, appropriate, and implemented with fidelity. Future directions for PrEPárate include expanding adoption and focusing on PrEP stigma reduction.
Conclusions: Social marketing campaigns can be an effective strategy to increase PrEP awareness and uptake among underserved Latina/o/x populations. Community engagement is essential to the development of tailored, acceptable, and appropriate interventions.
A Multi-dimensional Data Mining-based Study on the Prescriptions
Developed by Professor Xu Zhiyin in Treating Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Sun Hai-Jian , Wei Xiao-Man , Lu Ming , Zhu Hong , Zhu Yao 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
In this study, we employed a multi-dimensional data mining approach to
examine the clinical instances where Professor Xu Zhiyin treated thyroid nodules. Our aim is to
understand the patterns of symptoms, underlying causes, and treatment approaches used for thyroid
nodules. By doing so, the intention is to distill the essential aspects, compile Professor Xu
Zhiyin's clinical insights, and investigate his scholarly perspectives.

Methods:
Professor Xu Zhiyin's clinical diagnoses and treatments spanning from 2009 to 2019
were entered into Microsoft Excel. Subsequently, the collected data was imported into the Medcase
V5.2 system to facilitate data mining. Various techniques, such as frequency-based method,
association rule analysis, and clustering, including a decentralized system clustering approach,
were employed on a set of 346 cases involving patients with thyroid nodules that conformed
to the specified criteria. The primary focus was on extracting insights regarding symptoms
and the underlying causes from the medical records. By integrating these findings with
Professor Xu Zhiyin's clinical expertise, we examined and summarized the outcomes of the data
mining process.

Results:
The fundamental prescriptions were successfully extracted using the techniques for
mining across multiple dimensions. Utilizing the scattered grouping of these prescriptions and
with reference to the cluster analysis of the frequency-linked system, the fundamental prescriptions
proposed by Professor Xu Zhiyin for addressing thyroid nodules encompass the following
ingredients: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Cortex Moutan, Paeoniae radix rubra, Curcuma longa
L., Radix Curcumae, persica seed, Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, Pinellia ternata, Spica
Prunellae, Ostreae concha, Gleditsia sinensis spine, Tuckahoe and Radix Codonopsis.

Conclusion:
The fundamental prescriptions were acquired using the frequency approach, association
rule technique, k-means clustering approach, and systematic clustering approach. The
research findings corroborate one another, demonstrating that Professor Xu Zhiyin's approach to
distinguishing and treating thyroid nodules is embodied in distinct prescriptions tailored to specific
diseases.
Epidemic Characteristics, Spatiotemporal Pattern, and Risk Factors of Other Infectious Diarrhea in Fujian Province From 2005 to 2021: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lu Yixiao , Zhu Hansong , Hu Zhijian , He Fei , Chen Guangmin 
Published: November 2023

Background
Other infectious diarrhea (OID) continues to pose a significant public health threat to all age groups in Fujian Province. There is a need for an in-depth analysis to understand the epidemiological pattern of OID and its associated risk factors in the region.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to describe the overall epidemic characteristics and spatiotemporal pattern of OID in Fujian Province from 2005 to 2021 and explore the linkage between sociodemographic and environmental factors and the occurrence of OID within the study area.

Methods
Notification data for OID in Fujian were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The spatiotemporal pattern of OID was analyzed using Moran index and Kulldorff scan statistics. The seasonality of and short-term impact of meteorological factors on OID were examined using an additive decomposition model and a generalized additive model. Geographical weighted regression and generalized linear mixed model were used to identify potential risk factors.

Results
A total of 388,636 OID cases were recorded in Fujian Province from January 2005 to December 2021, with an average annual incidence of 60.3 (SD 16.7) per 100,000 population. Children aged <2 years accounted for 50.7% (196,905/388,636) of all cases. There was a steady increase in OID from 2005 to 2017 and a clear seasonal shift in OID cases from autumn to winter and spring between 2005 and 2020. Higher maximum temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and precipitation were linked to a higher number of deseasonalized OID cases. The spatial and temporal aggregations were concentrated in Zhangzhou City and Xiamen City for 17 study years. Furthermore, the clustered areas exhibited a dynamic spreading trend, expanding from the southernmost Fujian to the southeast and then southward over time. Factors such as densely populated areas with a large <1-year-old population, less economically developed areas, and higher pollution levels contributed to OID cases in Fujian Province.

Conclusions
This study revealed a distinct distribution of OID incidence across different population groups, seasons, and regions in Fujian Province. Zhangzhou City and Xiamen City were identified as the major hot spots for OID. Therefore, prevention and control efforts should prioritize these specific hot spots and highly susceptible groups.
Digital Technology Characteristics and Literacy Among Families With Children With Asthma: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kan Kristin , Morales Lu , Shah Avani , Simmons Emily , Barrera Leonardo , Massey Liana , List Greta , Gupta Ruchi S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The use of digital technology in pediatric asthma management has emerged as a potential tool for improving asthma management. However, the use of digital tools has the potential to contribute to the inequitable delivery of asthma care because of existing social factors associated with asthma disparities. Our study focused on parents’ chosen language and sociodemographic factors that might shape the use of digital technology in asthma self-management.

Objective
This study aims to estimate and compare patient, family, and technology-related characteristics by parents’ chosen language (English or Spanish) and compare a digital literacy measure by sociodemographic factors.

Methods
Survey data were collected from July to December 2021 from parents of children with asthma who were seen by a Chicago pediatric health system pulmonary provider. Questions assessed patient and family characteristics, digital technology use, and digital literacy, measured using the validated eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used for comparisons, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparing median eHEALS scores by social characteristics.

Results
Of the 197 parents surveyed, 24.4% (n=49) of parents identified as a race categorized as other, 37.1% (n=67) as White, and 38.6% (n=75) as Black; 47.2% (n=93) identified as Hispanic/Latino/Latina. Additionally, 79.7% (n=157) of parents preferred English, and 20.3% (n=40) preferred Spanish. English-speaking parents were more likely to report having a data plan for their smartphone (117/157, 74.5%) or high-speed internet (138/157, 87.9%) compared to Spanish-speaking parents (smartphone: 23/40, 58%; P=.03; internet: 27/40, 68%; P=.002). Compared with Spanish-speaking parents, English-speaking parents were less likely to report having a lot or some concern about paying for internet (28/40, 70% vs 83/157, 52.9%; P=.046) or about data privacy (35/40, 88% vs 105/157, 67.5%; P=.01). Digital literacy scores differed significantly by race, income, education level, and language. In a multivariable model, language was not a significant factor for having high-speed internet service (P=.12) or concern about paying for internet at home (P=.60), but it was a significant factor for concerns about data privacy (P=.04).

Conclusions
The significant differences in technology-related characteristics suggest that digital connectivity, affordability, and data privacy may also be important factors in considering digital technology use in asthma care.
User-Centered Design of a Gamified Mental Health App for Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: Multicycle Usability Testing Study
Authors: Pozuelo Julia R , Moffett Bianca D , Davis Meghan , Stein Alan , Cohen Halley , Craske Michelle G , Maritze Meriam , Makhubela Princess , Nabulumba Christine , Sikoti Doreen , Kahn Kathleen , Sodi Tholene ,   DoBAt & Ebikolwa Consortium, van Heerden Alastair , O’Mahen Heather A 
Published: November 2023

Background
There is an urgent need for scalable psychological treatments to address adolescent depression in low-resource settings. Digital mental health interventions have many potential advantages, but few have been specifically designed for or rigorously evaluated with adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective
This study had 2 main objectives. The first was to describe the user-centered development of a smartphone app that delivers behavioral activation (BA) to treat depression among adolescents in rural South Africa and Uganda. The second was to summarize the findings from multicycle usability testing.

Methods
An iterative user-centered agile design approach was used to co-design the app to ensure that it was engaging, culturally relevant, and usable for the target populations. An array of qualitative methods, including focus group discussions, in-depth individual interviews, participatory workshops, usability testing, and extensive expert consultation, was used to iteratively refine the app throughout each phase of development.

Results
A total of 160 adolescents from rural South Africa and Uganda were involved in the development process. The app was built to be consistent with the principles of BA and supported by brief weekly phone calls from peer mentors who would help users overcome barriers to engagement. Drawing on the findings of the formative work, we applied a narrative game format to develop the Kuamsha app. This approach taught the principles of BA using storytelling techniques and game design elements. The stories were developed collaboratively with adolescents from the study sites and included decision points that allowed users to shape the narrative, character personalization, in-app points, and notifications. Each story consists of 6 modules (“episodes”) played in sequential order, and each covers different BA skills. Between modules, users were encouraged to work on weekly activities and report on their progress and mood as they completed these activities. The results of the multicycle usability testing showed that the Kuamsha app was acceptable in terms of usability and engagement.

Conclusions
The Kuamsha app uniquely delivered BA for adolescent depression via an interactive narrative game format tailored to the South African and Ugandan contexts. Further studies are currently underway to examine the intervention’s feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms.
Penyuluhan tentang Problematika dan Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Hongkong
Authors: Budiono Arief , Absori  , Bangsawan Moh Indra , Wardiono Kelik , Sukoco Bambang , Diarti Dewi Kusuma , Nanik Rumiati  
Published: November 2023

Berangkat dari permasalahan perlu adanya perhatian serius dari pemerintah terkait jaminan perlindungan tenaga kerja Indonesia di luar negeri melalui penegakan hukum sehingga dapat menepis anggapan bahwa hukum dimanfaatkan oleh oknum tidak bertanggungjawab untuk membuat pola aktivitas perbudakan modern akibat lemahnya penegakan hukum. Pengabdian kepada masayarakat ini bertujuan untuk: 1). Mendeskripsikan perlindungan hukum pekerja migran Indonesia saat ini; dan 2). Mendeskripsikan upaya penyelesaian problem yang menimpa para pekerja migran Indonesia di luar negeri. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan mitra Pimpinan Cabang Istimewa ‘Aisyiyah Hong Kong menunjukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan hukum yang hingga saat ini tengah dihadapi oleh masyarakat antara lain permasalahan belum optimalnya penyelesaian konflik yang dialami oleh pekerja migran Indonesia di luar negeri. Sebagai upaya membantu masyarakat untuk menghadapi persoalan hukum tersebut, maka diselenggarakan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat yang dilakukan secara langsung sebagai wadah untuk menyiapkan pekerja migran Indonesia yang memiliki kesadaran diri dan kepedulian kepada isu-isu hukum dan keadilan sosial. Melalui Pengabdian hukum ini, para Pekerja Migran Indoensia menjadi paham terkait hak-hak dan metode penyelesaian hukumjika terjadi konflik.

Abstract
Counseling on Problems and Legal Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Hong Kong.
Starting from the problem, there needs to be serious attention from the government regarding guaranteeing the protection of Indonesian workers abroad through law enforcement so that it can dispel the notion that the law is being used by unbalanced individuals to create a modern pattern of freezing activities due to weak law enforcement. This community service aims to: 1). Describe the current legal protection of Indonesian migrant workers; and 2). Describe efforts to resolve problems affecting Indonesian migrant workers abroad. The results of community service with partners from the Special Branch Leader of 'Aisyiyah Hong Kong show that there are legal problems that are currently being faced by the community, among other problems that have not yet optimally resolved the conflicts experienced by Indonesian migrant workers abroad. As an effort to help the community face these legal problems, community service is carried out directly as a forum for preparing Indonesian migrant workers who have self-awareness and concern for legal and social justice issues. Through this legal service, Indonesian migrant workers become aware of their rights and methods of legal resolution if a conflict occurs.
Randomized two way crossover open label study to compare the bioequivalence of LOSARDIL 100 TM (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and COZAAR TM (Merck Sharp & Dhome Ltd, UK) in Bangladeshi normal male volunteers
Authors: Sarker Uttam Kumar , Farhana Fatiha , Islam Atikul , Misbahuddin Mir , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: A crossover-randomized bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of losartan (100 mg) tablets was carried out in 16 healthy male Bangladeshi volunteers. The test and reference formulations were LOSARDIL 100™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and COZAAR™ (Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd, UK), respectively.
Methods: Each tablet was administered with 150 mL of water to subjects after whole night fasting condition on two therapy days distinct by 1 week washout period. After administration, blood samples were accumulated periodically for 24 hours. The plasma concentrations of losartan were evaluated using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0→24h, t1/2, and Kel were determined.
Results: The mean (± SD) AUC0→24h for losartan of test drug LOSARDIL 100TM for 16 volunteers was 3310 ± 1165 ng.hr/mL whereas it was 3545 ± 1251 ng.hr/mL for losartan of COZAARTM . The relative bioavailability (LOSARDIL 100TM/COZAARTM ratio) was 93%. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) of losartan of test drug were 1855 ± 675 ng/mL, 0.77 ± 0.39 hours, 4.69 ± 1.17 hour and 0.15 ± 0.04 respectively. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) of losartan of reference drug were 2254 ± 944 ng/mL, 0.87 ± 0.29 hours, 4.13 ± 1.41 hour and 0.20 ± 0.04 respectively.
Conclusion: Depend on the statistical interpretation the 90% CI for the test and reference drugs were observed within the acceptance range of 80-125%. In conjecture, LOSARDIL 100™ is bioequivalent to COZAAR ™ in terms of absorption.
Formulation and Evaluation of Nicorandil Floating Tablets Using Natural Polymers
Authors: Srivastava Anoop Kumar , Rajput Dharmedra Singh , Gupta Naveen , K Sharma Neeraj 
Published: November 2023

The present work described the pre-formulation and formulation development that led to the production of Nicorandil (NDL) floating tablets by direct compression of a homogeneous powder blend/ granules. In order to achieve the drug (NDL) release up to 24 hrs, rafting approach was selected. Studies have been carried out on rafting method by the use of natural polymers (sodium alginate, xanthan gum and guar gum) alone and their combination to get maximum rafting properties with superior drug release retarding activity. The results obtained in the rafting approach indicated that the polymer combination showed significant influence on rafting properties with maximum drug release retarding ability than individual polymers. In addition, the polymer combination of xanthan gum and guar gum resulted with maximum drug release retarding ability with poor rafting properties, whereas, the polymer combination of sodium alginate and guar gum resulted with predictable release behaviour (i.e. slightly lower retarding ability than the combination of xanthan gum and guar gum) with maximum rafting properties. As such the floating tablets prepared with rafting approach were recommended for oral controlled delivery of NDL.