bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMNIOTIC FLUID INSULIN AND GLUCAGON IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY RHESUS ISOIMMUNIZATION
Authors: Derlini G. , Fallucca F. , Pachi' A. , Bresadola M. , Ossicini C. , Russo A. , Sbraccia C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryImmunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) were determined in the amniotic fluid from 28 rhesus isoimmunized pregnancies with moderately affected fetuses and from 15 normal pregnancies; in umbilical arterial plasma from nine newborn infants with rhesus haemolytic disease of moderate degree and from 19 normal infants; in plasma from their respective mothers at delivery; and in the urine of 13 normal infants at birth. Levels of IRI and IRG in amniotic fluid from rhesus cases were not different from those of normal pregnancies. IRG was detected in the first voided neonatal urine.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN PROLONGED LABOUR IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Akinkugbe A. , Adewoye H. O. , Eneli A. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum electrolytes, creatinine, urea and urine osmolality were estimated in 25 healthy pregnant women at term, 25 women in early normal labour, and 25 healthy parturients in prolonged labour. A statistically significant fall in serum potassium was found in early labour with a further significant fall in prolonged labour. Bicarbonate changes followed the same pattern of a progressive fall. Sodium fell slowly, reaching significant levels only in prolonged labour and chloride fell even more slowly. There was a conspicuous or significant rise in serum urea with a smaller, not significant rise in creatinine. The rapid insensible loss of water in tropical areas was reflected in the rise in serum urea while homeostatic mechanisms maintained a slower fall in sodium and chloride by renal conservation.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HYDATIDIFORM MOLE IN THE REPUBLIC OF PARAGUAY (SOUTH AMERICA)
Authors: Roloan P. A. , de Lopez Berta Hochsztajn 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA total of 227 hydatidiform moles was recorded in Paraguay over a 10‐year period (1960 to 1969). Using demographic studies, the annual incidence of hydatidiform moles was calculated as 0·229 per 1000 pregnancies or 1 per 4369 pregnancies, with the highest incidence occurring at the extremes of reproductive life.
THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH OESTRADIOL AND OESTRIOL ON FASTING SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Walter S. , Jensen H. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of natural oestrogens on serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels was studied in a controlled double‐blind clinical trial. No statistically significant changes were found in the blood lipids when comparing the patients treated with oestradiol, 2 mg, and oestriol, 1 mg, and those given placebo.
MALE INTERSEXUALITY PRESENTING AT PUBERTY
Authors: Dowd Pauline , Dewhurst John , Ginsburg Jean 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 15‐year‐old girl was referred to the Endocrine Unit because of a deep voice and the absence of menstruation. Secondary sex hair showed a male pattern of distribution and there was a phallic clitoris 4 cm long, with the urethral orifice posterior. Plasma testosterone was within the normal male range. The karyotype was 46XY. Gonadectomy and clitoridectomy were performed. Histology suggested a diagnosis of anatomical testicular failure, which, in view of the imperfect attempt at masculinization, was thought to be only partial. Possible causes are discussed.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND TRIAL OF SINGLE‐DOSE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS WITH CO‐TRIMOXAZOLE DURING TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Mathews D. D. , Ross Helen , Cooper J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty patients received 10 ml co‐trimoxazole and 29 a placebo by intravenous infusion during one hour from induction of anaesthesia for total abdominal hysterectomy. The incidence of postoperative urinary tract infections was significantly lower in patients who had received co‐trimoxazole. Co‐trimoxazole was also found to inhibit postoperative colonization of the upper vagina with Escherichia coli. The incidences of postoperative pyrexia (38°C or over) and both early and late abdominal wound abscess formation were almost identical in the two groups of patients.
CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY FOLLOWING OVULATION INDUCTION WITH BROMOCRIPTINE
Authors: Pepperell R. J. , McBain J. C. , Winstone S. M. , Smith Margery A. , Brown J. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum prolactin levels and urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion were measured during early pregnancy in 12 hyperprolactinaemic subjects who became pregnant during treatment with bromocriptine. Prolactin levels were suppressed below normal whilst taking the bromocriptine, but rose significantly when this drug was stopped and by eight weeks of gestation reached values significantly higher than those observed in normal pregnancy. Further increases in prolactin levels were, however, not observed. Urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion was initially normal but, following cessation of bromocriptine, urinary pregnanediol excretion decreased and was significantly less than normal at 11 to 14 weeks gestation. These results suggest that elevated prolactin levels affect corpus luteum function of early pregnancy. Because the effect is maintained until at least 14 weeks gestation, prolactin may also affect progesterone production by the placenta.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MARGINAL AND VELAMENTOUS INSERTION OF THE CORD
Authors: Uyanwah‐Akpom P. , Fox H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe claims that marginal and velamentous insertion of the cord are associated with a high incidence of abortion, low birth weight, premature delivery, fetal malformation, fetal hypoxia and intrauterine fetal death have been investigated. A study of 1000 cases has failed to demonstrate any such association.
HAEMOSTATIC MECHANISMS IN MATERNAL, UMBILICAL VEIN AND UMBILICAL ARTERY BLOOD AT THE TIME OF DELIVERY
Authors: Foley M. E. , Clayton J. K. , McNicol G. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryStudies of the haemostatic mechanism were made on paired samples from the umbilical vein and artery and from a maternal peripheral vein immediately following delivery in 80 healthy patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. Neonatal blood showed a significant decrease in clotting ‘activity’ and platelet function, and a significant increase in fibrinolytic activity. The umbilical vein, in comparison to the umbilical artery, showed increased clotting ‘activity’, increased platelet function and decreased fibrinolytic activity. The possible adverse influence of the placenta on haemostasis in the fetus and newborn is discussed.
A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF TESTS USED TO ASSESS GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: Harrison R. F. , Roberts A. P. , Campbell S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe reliability of eight methods for estimating gestational age in the third trimester of pregnancy has been assessed in patients with fetuses of known maturity. Late ultrasound cephalometry, amniotic fluid creatinine estimations and lecithin/ sphingomyelin ratio were found to be significantly more reliable than the other five methods. The mean of estimated gestational ages provided by the three techniques used in combination gave a significantly more accurate prediction of fetal age than any single test and allowed formation of a ‘maturity profile’.
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF BED REST AND SEDATION OR NORMAL ACTIVITY AND NON‐SEDATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NON‐ALBUMINURIC HYPERTENSION IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Mathews D. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and thirty‐five patients took part in a randomized controlled trial designed to determine whether bed rest and sedat ion are of any general benefit to either the mother or the baby in pregnancies complicated by mild non‐albuminuric and non‐symptomatic hypertension after the 28th week. The results suggest that they are not.
THE TREATMENT OF HIRSUTISM WITH CYPROTERONE ACETATE (AN ANTI‐ANDROGEN)
Authors: Dewhurst C. J. , Underhill R. , Goldman S. , Mansfield M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe rationale of anti‐androgen treatment for hirsutism is explained. The results are presented of treatment with cyproterone acetate of idiopathic hirsutism or hirsutism associated with polycystic ovarian disease. Ten out of 14 patients showed a good response after six months treatment. The response was dramatic in two patients.
TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY WITH VAGINAL ADMINISTRATION OF 16, 16 DIMETHYL PROSTAGLANDIN E2 p‐BENZALDEHYDE SEMICARBAZONE ESTER
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 16, 16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 p‐benzaldehyde semicarbazone ester was used for termination of pregnancy in 54 late first trimester and second trimester patients. The drug (750 μ.g in gelatine glycerine pessaries) was administered every four hours. Fifty patients (92·5 per cent) aborted during the 36 hours treatment. Side effects were mild and consisted of vomiting in five patients, diarrhoea in three patients and transient pyrexia in two.
USE OF THE NITRAZINE YELLOW SWAB TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF RUPTURED MEMBRANES
Authors: Mills Angela M. , Garrioch D. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThroat swabs impregnated with nitrazine yellow have been used to detect pH change in the vagina before and after amniotomy. The effect of infection on the test has been examined. A negative result is of use in excluding the diagnosis of ruptured membranes. A positive result is highly suggestive of the presence of amniotic fluid.
SIMULTANEOUS IN SITU CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX, VULVA AND PERINEUM AFTER IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY FOR RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Leckie G. B. , Cotton R. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 31‐year‐old woman developed multiple synchronous in situ carcinomas of the cervix uteri, vulva and perineal skin, six years after successful renal transplantation for chronic renal failure due to chronic pyelonephritis. During this time she had been continuously treated with immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine and prednisolone). The lesions were treated by local excision and there was no evidence of recurrence nearly two years after the primary treatment. The case history is compared to others recently described and highlights the risk of epithelial as well as lymphomatous malignancies in renal transplant recipients.
PLASMA RENIN AND ALDOSTERONE IN PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Symonds E. M. , Craven D. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerial measurements of plasma renin and plasma aldosterone were made throughout pregnancy in two women with adrenal insufficiency. The values were compared with levels obtained in eight normal primigravidae. Aldosterone levels were low or undetectable in adrenal insufficiency and plasma renin levels were grossly elevated in one patient with adrenal insufficiency but within the normal range in the other.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FETAL URINE PRODUCTION AND AMNIOTIC FLUID VOLUME IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATED BY DIABETES
Authors: van Otterlo L. C. , Wladimiroff J. W. , Wallenburg H. C. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) was calculated from ultrasonic measurements of fetal bladder volume. A normal HFUPR reference curve, constructed from measurements in 189 normal pregnancies between 24 and 42 weeks gestation, showed a rapid increase of HFUPR from 3·3 to 24·4 ml up to 40 weeks followed by a slight decline. The amniotic fluid volume was estimated by the p‐aminohippuric acid method within 12 hours of HFUPR measurements. In 67 normal pregnancies, there was no relationship between HFUPR and amniotic fluid volume measured between 36 and 41 weeks gestation. In 12 patients with fetal growth retardation, a relationship was found between reduced fetal urinary output and low amniotic fluid volume between 36 and 38 weeks gestation. In the 16 diabetic patients studied between 28 and 40 weeks gestation, there was no relationship between HFUPR (within or below normal range) and the high amniotic fluid volume (above 1500 ml in 13 patients). The implications of these findings are discussed.
COMPARISON OF HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES SEEN IN PLACENTAL TISSUE CULTURES AND IN PLACENTAE OBTAINED AFTER FETAL DEATH
Authors: Hustin J. , Gaspard U. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe histological changes in placental tissue cultures were observed and compared with those seen in placentae obtained after intrauterine fetal death. Early damage of the syncytiotrophoblast and improvement in the appearance of cytotrophoblast were seen in both cases. It is suggested that it is the cessation of the fetal circulation which causes these changes.
CILIARY ACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN OVIDUCT
Authors: Critoph Frances N. , Dennis K. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCiliary activity of the human oviduct was investigated using a cinematographic technique. Oviducts from preovulatory, postovulatory and puerperal subjects were analyzed and the fimbrial, ampullary and isthmic regions were compared. It was found that cilia beat more rapidly after ovulation, this difference being significant in both ampullary and isthmic regions, but not in the fimbriae. The implications of these findings are discussed.
ABSENCE OF UPPER LIMBS (AMELIA) IN SURVIVING INTRAUTERINE TWIN AFTER SALPINGECTOMY FOR ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Mathews D. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA patient is described who had simultaneous tubal and intrauterine pregnancies. The tubal pregnancy was treated by salpingectomy at 51 days after the onset of the last menstrual period. The surviving twin was born after 42 weeks gestation and had no upper limbs (amelia).
RIPENING OF THE CERVIX WITH EXTRA‐AMNIOTIC PROSTAGLANDIN E2 IN VISCOUS GEL BEFORE INDUCTION OF LABOUR
Authors: Calder A. A. , Embrey M. P. , Tait T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method of extra‐amniotic prostaglandin administration to achieve ripening of the cervix as a preliminary to induction of labour is described. Compared with a control group the method achieved a 25 per cent reduction in the length of the induced labour, a fall in the incidence of maternal pyrexia and fetal distress, an improvement in neonatal condition of the infants and a reduction in the need to resort to Caesarean section.
TREOSULFAN (DIHYDROXYBUSULPHAN) IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA
Authors: Fennelly J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOf 36 patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with treosulfan (dihydroxybusulphan) 30·5 per cent had a complete response for a mean of 19·0 months and 33·3 per cent had a partial response. Treosulfan may have a role in the management of ascites associated with ovarian neoplasm.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE UNSTRESSED ANTEPARTUM CARDIOTOCOGRAM
Authors: Visser G. H. A. , Huisjes H. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe unstressed antepartum cardiotocogram (CTG) is principally judged by two aspects: baseline irregularity, and reaction to Braxton Hicks contractions and fetal movements. A classification into normal, sub‐optimal, decelerative, and terminal CTG was devised. The ominous significance of the terminal CTG was confirmed in 26 patients; nine of the fetuses died in utero and the other 17 were delivered by elective Caesarean section; only one newborn was neither small‐for‐dates nor acidaemic. The significance of the other three categories was evaluated in 428 patients in whom labour was induced. All patients with repeated decelerative antepartum CTG showed signs of fetal distress during labour and most of them required Caesarean section; patients with a normal or sub‐optimal CTG rarely showed signs of fetal distress during labour. The incidence of growth retardation was 41 per cent in the combined decelerative and sub‐optimal groups against 9 per cent in the normal group. In comparing these results with studies of the oxytocin challenge test, it was concluded that, except in the case of a sub‐optimal CTG, the oxytocin challenge test has no place in obstetrics.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS SALBUTAMOL UPON PLASMA AND URINARY POTASSIUM DURING PREMATURE LABOUR
Authors: Smith S. K. , Thompson D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma potassium and urinary potassium excretion were measured in eight patients in premature labour treated with salbutamol, and in ten patients at full term in spontaneous labour. There was a significant fall in plasma potassium concentration following salbutamol infusion, but no change during labour in the control groups. Urinary potassium excretion was similar in both groups.
EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON THE PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME. A DOUBLE‐BLIND CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Andersen A. N. , Larsen J. F. , Steenstrup O. R. , Svendstrup Birgit , Nielsen J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐one patients suffering from the premenstrual syndrome were each studied during three menstrual cycles. After a control cycle, bromocriptine and placebo were given during the luteal phase of the cycle in a random double‐blind cross‐over manner, each patient serving as her own control. The dosage of bromocriptine was 2·5 mg twice daily. Serum prolactin levels were found to be equal during the follicular and luteal phases, except when reduced by bromocriptine. Serum progesterone and oestradiol‐17‐β were within normal ranges, and did not change during treatment. Medication considerably improved all the premenstrual symptoms, but mastodynia was the only one where bromocriptine was significantly better than the placebo.
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE: DIAGNOSIS, FREQUENCY AND SYMPTOMS IN A GENERAL GYNAECOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Declercq J. A. , van de Calseyde J. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study was undertaken to assess the relative frequency of polycystic ovarian disease (POD) among patients with menstrual irregularities and/or hirsutism, and was based on 24‐hour urinary steroid profiles under basal conditions, after dexamethasone suppression and after human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation. The final diagnosis was confirmed by laparoscopy or laparotomy and ovarian histology. Fifty‐six patients were studied, 38 (68 per cent) of whom had POD. Laboratory results were subjected to multivariate discriminant analysis and a discriminant function was calculated to classify patients into POD and non‐POD subgroups. Steroid profiling under basal conditions was sufficient to classify most of the patients into one of three groups: normal, POD, and other endocrinopathies. Of the patients with POD, 70 per cent had an abnormal reaction to dexamethasone or HCG. Significant differences were found in the steroid profiles of ovulating and non ovulating patients with POD.
INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPOXIA DUE TO BRONCHIECTASIS
Authors: Templeton A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo pregnancies in a young patient who had undergone lobectomy for bronchiectasis are described. Both were complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. The only abnormality detected was maternal hypoxaemia, and this was assumed to be causal.
PREGNANCY HEARTBURN IN NIGERIANS AND CAUCASIANS WITH THEORIES ABOUT AETIOLOGY BASED ON MANOMETRIC RECORDINGS FROM THE OESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH
Authors: Bassey O. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study by questionnaire of the incidence of pregnancy heartburn in two groups of Nigerians and one group of Caucasians showed an incidence of 9·8 per cent in all Nigerians as against 78·8 per cent in Caucasians. The difference was highly significant (x2= 102·75; P<0·0001). An oesophageal manometric study of the lower oesophageal sphincter in 12 non‐pregnant women and in 12 pregnant Nigerians (10 without heartburn and 2 with heartburn) showed that the mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (±SD) in the pregnant patients without heartburn was 20·1 ±7·0 mm Hg as against 17·9 ±7·0 in the non‐pregnant women. While one pregnant subject without heartburn had a lower oesophageal sphincter which was partially displaced into the thorax, none of the non‐pregnant women had such sphincter displacement. The two pregnant women with heartburn had low resting sphincter pressures and in both of them the sphincters were partially in the thorax. It is argued that pregnancy heartburn is due to the displacement of the lower oesophageal sphincter into the negative pressure environment of the thorax where the sphincter is less capable of resisting reflux. It is also argued that pregnancy heartburn is commoner in Caucasians than in Nigerians because the sphincter in non‐pregnant Caucasians is often partly intrathoracic and is thus more easily displaced completely into the thorax by the pregnant uterus.
LARGE AIRWAYS FUNCTION DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: Milne J. A. , Mills R. J. , Howie A. D. , Pack A. I. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySpecific airways conductance and forced expiratory volume in one second were measured monthly from the first trimester until term in 30 subjects in the course of a normal pregnancy. Measurements were also made in the postpartum period. There was no significant change in these measurements either throughout pregnancy or compared with postpartum values. Our results suggested that the function of the larger pulmonary airways was not altered in pregnancy.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF BROMOCRIPTINE ON SERUM PROLACTIN, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND ON OVARIAN RESPONSIVENESS TO EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPHINS IN ANOVULATORY WOMEN
Authors: Pepperell R. J. , Evans J. H. , Brown J. B. , Bright Margaret I. , Smith Margery A. , Burger H. G. , Healy D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwelve anovulatory patients with normal serum prolactin values and six with elevated values were treated with bromocriptine and the effects on serum prolactin, FSH and LH levels were recorded. Ovulation resulted in one patient who had normal prolactin values and in all six who had raised values. No patient with normal basal prolactin values showed an increase in serum FSH during therapy with bromocriptine, whereas 5 of the 6 patients with elevated values showed significant increases. Similar results were obtained for LH. Although these differences were highly significant (P<0·005) the majority of the serum FSH and LH values remained within the normal ranges. Five patients with normal basal prolactin values and one with elevated values were also treated with human pituitary gonadotrophin (HPG). An increase in ovarian responsiveness to HPG during therapy with bromocriptine was recorded in the one patient with initially elevated prolactin values. It was concluded that bromocriptine acts by allowing FSH to rise above threshold requirements for follicular stimulation.
FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS AND UTERINE ACTIVITY AFTER SEGMENTAL EPIDURAL ANALGESIA
Authors: Jouppila P. , Jouppila R. , Käär K. , Merilä M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effects of low‐dose segmental epidural analgesia on fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns, uterine activity, and some clinical features were examined in a series of 105 normal parturients. The aim of the analgesic technique was to relieve pain during the first stage of labour by blocking the sensory nerve fibres at the spinal level of T 10 to T 12, with either 0·5 per cent bupivacaine or bupivacaine with adrenaline 1 : 200 000, the dose varying from 10 to 25 mg. Obvious pathological changes (late decelerations, prolonged fetal bradycardia, variable deceleration, or loss of beat to beat variation) in FHR patterns within the first 30 minutes after the beginning of analgesia were noted in 9 per cent of the patients. Addition of adrenaline to the analgesic agent seemed to reduce uterine activity for 60 minutes after the analgesia and this was reflected in a longer interval between the block and delivery. A 25 per cent fall in systolic blood pressure was recorded in 11 per cent of the patients. Nine patients required vacuum extractions. Our results show that the epidural technique employed has distinct advantages over the previous methods, which require larger doses of the analgesic agent, and is therefore safer for the fetus; the addition of adrenaline to the analgesic agent is contraindicated.