bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Are They Gonna Do to You?! Preoperative Evaluation and Consent
Authors: Horton Charles N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Of all the tasks in anesthesia, doing a preop (preoperative evaluation) may actually be the least foreign. While starting an IV or placing an endotracheal tube are entirely new skills, a good pre-op has many elements in common with a directed history and physical exam (H&P). In fact, you could consider it an H&P whose chief “complaint” is the need for a safe anesthetic.
Sharp Objects, Part II Epidurals and Spinals
Authors: Horton Charles N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, we explored three methods for gaining vascular access. We’re now going to look at two useful procedures for regional anesthesia: epidurals and spinals. Although epidural catheters are best known for their role in labor analgesia, these versatile tools can also provide surgical anesthesia and postoperative pain relief. They are applicable to a wide variety of patients, with the only common contraindications being infection (either systemic, in the form of sepsis, or at the intended puncture site) and coagulopathy (as can occur with preeclampsia). While their placement is tactile and learned mainly by doing, a quick overview will substantially ease the learning curve.
Privacy Versus National Security: Clarifying the Trade-off
Authors: Chandler Jennifer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After the September 11 attacks, the idea that civil liberties had to be reduced in favor of national security emerged with renewed vigor. Many have noted the paradox that security measures intended to protect a liberal democracy can end up eroding the civil liberties at the heart of that liberal democracy.1 It is common to view this problem as one of striking the appropriate balance or trade-off between security and civil liberties.2 The focus of this chapter is on an aspect of this general problem, namely the trade-off between privacy and national security.
Introduction
Authors: Joireman Sandra F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Religion in general, and Christianity in particular, has remarkable vigor in American politics. It motivates individuals to act on both domestic and international policy issues and encourages a wide range of political behavior, from voting to lobbying or protest. The faith of various Christian politicians has been both a subject of public interest and an issue in political campaigns. In the United States, the public expects that candidates will declare their religious beliefs in any description of qualifications for political office. This is unusual in the politics of developed countries. The recent emphasis within the popular press and some academic writings on the importance of the Christian vote or the Christian political lobby can lead one to the impression that there is one type of Christian voting behavior or one kind of Christian political lobbying. Yet careful observers of Christian political behavior have noted that in the past few years there has been increasing variation among different factions of North American Christians over specific policies (Guth et al. 2005). Moreover, Christians of a variety of persuasions are becoming involved in policy areas that have not previously been thought to be of concern to Christians, such as international human rights issues (Hertzke 2004). This diversification of political advocacy illuminates what has always been present within Christianity—an array of positions regarding the role of the state and the role of the individual Christian citizen within the state.
Lutheranism and Politics: Martin Luther as a Modernizer, but for the Devil
Authors: Lomperis Timothy J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Martin Luther, the leader of the Protestant Reformation, has often been characterized as running afoul of modern politics. Ernst Troeltsch, for example, has dismissively argued that Luther’s connection with modernity lies in reactionary political parties. Reinhold Niebuhr maintained that Luther developed two irreconcilable ethics: a perfectionist private or personal ethic and a cynically realistic political ethic.2 Like Plato, who was accused of being a modern fascist, Luther’s legacy to modern political science is far too important, and complicated, for such easy dismissals.
Epilepsy Explained
Authors: Reuber Markus , Schachter Steven C , Elger Christian E , Altrup Ulrich 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the last five years, approximately 2.7 million people have been treated for epilepsy and it is estimated that as much as one in one-hundred of the world’s population will develop epilepsy during their lifetime. It is further estimated that 60 million people worldwide have epilepsy and in the United States alone, between seventy to eighty thousand people are newly diagnosed each year. Despite being such a common problem, most people know little about the disorder and people with epilepsy feel stigmatized. Filled with illustrations on almost every page and boasting an attractive and stimulating layout, Epilepsy Explained offers a wealth of crystal clear information on epilepsy, intended for patients, family members, friends, and caregivers. This down-to-earth book is divided into easy-to-digest sections that address such fundamental questions as what epilepsy is, what happens in different types of epileptic seizures, how epilepsy is diagnosed, and how seizures are treated. The authors include much-needed information on numerous topics, including living successfully with seizures, patients rights, and current drugs used to treat epilepsy--all described with directness and clarity, with many real-life examples that shed light on how the topic under discussion affects people with epilepsy. The book includes information for particular groups of readers such as women, children, and teens. It has an easy-to-follow organization, is clearly structured and has a detailed index and glossary, allowing readers to easily find specific information pertaining to their condition. Written by physicians who work daily with epilepsy, this clear and engaging book provides people with the knowledge they need to make informed choices about their illness.
Economics
Authors: Mcgeough Kevin M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Many economic aspects of modern life are taken for granted today in North America and Europe. Very few people are actually involved in primary food production; most people do not harvest their own crops or butcher their own meat (except on a very small scale). Likewise, people do not produce their own clothes, and even fewer actually create the fabric used in clothes. This disassociation with primary production is a hallmark of the in- dustrialized world. To understand ancient Roman economy, it is necessary first to understand this major difference between modern industrialized life and ancient Roman life. Other than the very wealthy, most Roman households were very involved in the day-to-day production of food and clothing. There were markets where goods could be bought and sold, but they certainly did not play as important a role in supplying a family with their needs as stores do today. This chapter describes some of the major elements of the Roman economy.
Material Culture
Authors: Mcgeough Kevin M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the most recognizable achievements of Roman civilization is the architecture. Probably most people have a vague idea of what Roman architecture looks like (although they may confuse it with Greek architecture), as the visual power of these monuments is so effective. The modern city of Rome still incorporates ancient monuments directly into urban life. And wherever the Romans went, they left Roman-style buildings, which still dot the landscapes of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The monumental size and durable construction of Roman buildings resulted in wide-scale preservation of Roman buildings in modern times. A great deal is known about Roman architecture because so much of it has survived.
Black GIs Challenge “The Mississippi Way”
Authors: Lambert Frank 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One day in 1946, Medgar and Charles Evers, recently discharged from the U.S. Army, went to the Newton County courthouse in Decatur to register to vote. The next day they announced their intentions to their family, and their father was worried for their safety, especially after the white clerk, Alton Graham, paid a visit to Mr. Evers and told him that if his sons did not want trouble they should forget about voter registration. Ignoring their father’s concern and the clerk’s warning, Medgar and Charles proceeded with their plan, but upon reaching the courthouse they encountered a crowd of whites who blocked the courthouse entrance. Graham addressed them, “Who you niggers think you are?” Charles replied, “We’ve grown up here, we fought for this country, and we think we should register.” At that moment, the old county circuit clerk, a Mr. Brand, who knew the Evers family, shuffled over to defuse the situation. He was, in Charles’ estimation, a decent man, who, like most Mississippi whites, did not want murder or bloodshed but did not dare help blacks secure their civil rights because they did not want to be branded “nigger lovers.” Such persons would soon discover that they, as well as the blacks they wished to help, would be whipped, or worse.
Rates of nonadherence in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Buckley Peter F , Foster Adriana , Patel Nick C , Wermert Anastasia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There is clear evidence that adherence to pharmacological therapy helps treat medical and psychiatric illness effectively. Each 10% increase in oral diabetes medication adherence is associated with a 0.1% decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load correlates closely with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence level: for adherence levels of more than 95%, over 80% of patients have an undetectable viral load, whereas if adherence falls below 70%, only 30% patients have an undetectable viral load. Aspirin reduces the risk of stroke by 22%, and warfarin reduces the risk of stroke by 62%.
Reasons for medication nonadherence
Authors: Buckley Peter F , Foster Adriana , Patel Nick C , Wermert Anastasia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As has been stated before, there are multiple and varied reasons why a person chooses not to take medications. Often we consider this within a “disease-specific” framework—for instance, people with schizophrenia do not take medicines because they lack insight, depressed patients stop medicines due to side effects. However, perhaps the most salient feature of medication adherence is simply the usual adage that every patient is different. The patient may stop medications for any number of reasons, and it is our responsibility to try to understand the individual circumstances for that patient.
At Rapallo
Authors: Makin Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bunting sent the drafts of Villon to Pound from exile - in England. How he felt about Rapallo, and about Pound, may be judged from this letter (29 April 1926):
I am delighted to write to Rapallo -you, for the moment, are Rapallo. The fact that you are there sanctions my enthusiasm. I should never have left the place if my father hadn’t begun to die. I would have starved there sooner than seek a living elsewhere. Rezzo told me I could find work in Naples, but I stayed on the beach - the beach of the third cove eastwards from Rapallo, listening to the sea, the slowest clock on earth.
Chomei
Authors: Makin Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pound mistrusted the drift of Zukofsky’s doctrine and practice in some ways;1 yet he considered Zukofsky a very ‘serious character’, and gave him every possible encouragement. He urged him to visit Europe, and sent him the money. Zukofsky was shy about using it, and wrote a poem: and published ‘Verse and Version’ in II Mare (1 Oct. 1932). Eventually Zukofsky, lured by postcards of Rapallo and Bunting’s boat, arrived in Europe. In Budapest he met the composer (Pound’s friend) Tibor Serly, and then Bunting, in a red jacket, met him in Genoa. He was quartered ‘with Homer and Isabel Pound in Yeats’s old apartment on the Via Americhe, where a whole gallery of photographs of Ezra, from childhood on, vied with Yeats’s Blakes for attention’.
With the Compliments of the Author: Reflections on Austin and Derrida
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The most important thing in acting is honesty; once you learn to fake that, you’re in.-Sam Goldwyn
In the summer of r 977, as I was preparing to teach Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology to a class at the School of Criticism and Theory in Irvine, a card floated out of the text and presented itself for interpretation. It read:
Change
Authors: Fish Stanley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The notion of “interpretive communities” was originally introduced as an answer to a question that had long seemed crucial to literary studies. What is the source of interpretive authority: the text or the reader? Those who answered “the text” were embarrassed by the fact of disagreement. Why, if the text contains its own meaning and con strains its own interpretation, do so many interpreters disagree about that meaning? Those who answered “the reader” were embarrassed by the fact of agreement. Why, if meaning is created by the individual reader from the perspective of his own experience and interpretive de sires, is there so much that interpreters agree about? What was required was an explanation that could account for both agreement and dis agreement, and that explanation was found in the idea of an interpretive community, not so much a group of individuals who shared a point of view, but a point of view or way of organizing experience that shared individuals in the sense that its assumed distinctions, categories of understanding, and stipulations of relevance and irrelevance were the content of the consciousness of community members who were there fore no longer individuals, but, insofar as they were embedded in the community’s enterprise, community property. It followed that such community-constituted interpreters would, in their turn, constitute, more or less in agreement, the same text, although the sameness would not be attributable to the self-identity of the text, but to the communal nature of the interpretive act.
External Influences and Analogues: I
Authors: Edwards Huw M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Attention to the poetry of Continental Europe in the preceding chapters has for the most part been confined to comparisons with ele ments in the cywyddau, such as the ‘bird-messenger’ motif and the serenade-type poems, which have been considered as analogous but essentially native developments, drawing on a rich vein of popular tradition. It has been seen also that some signs of external influence may be perceived in the work of poets who flourished a generation or so before the time of the early Cywyddwyr, and in the work of Gruffudd ap Dafydd in particular. The aim of this and the final chapter is to examine the significance of the Cywyddwyr’s debt to this wider European lyric tradition, not only in terms of their general response to the pervasive influence of the courtly love movement, but more especially by drawing attention to a number of themes, motifs, images, and poetic genres which may be related to a literary culture quite different from that of medieval Wales. To what extent did these external borrowings expand the repertoire of the Welsh poets and enrich the fabric of their lyrics? Some of the analogues identified may appear somewhat trivial when examined in isolation, but seen in the wider context of a considerable body of cumulative evidence even the most minor parallels acquire a more powerful suggestive ness.
‘Ce Sont Les Huis Et Les Cleres Fenestres ... ‘: The Text As A Building
Authors: Cowling David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In a verse epistle written in 1463 and designed to impress the influential older writer George Chastelain, the young poet Jean Robertet resorts to the Horatian topos of the imperishable nature of the literary monument which, alone, can withstand the assaults of wind, weather, and time. Chastelain, the true successor of the Greek historiographers, has immortalized the deeds of his duca1 master Philippe le Bon through his writing and has, by so doing, deserved the praise of his literary acolyte. In a novel extension of the Horatian metaphor, Robertet evokes the interstices (doors and windows) through which the events of the past, like shafts of light (or knowledge) arc transmitted to the present.
Herta Müller, Reisende auf einem Bein (1989)
Authors: Haines Brigid , Littler Margaret 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Reisende auf einem Bein stands out among Herta Müller’s works in that the main events are not set in the author’s native Romania, or a thinly disguised version of it. Germans, or more accurately Swabians, had been living in the part of Romania called the Banat for nearly two hundred years when Müller was born there in a small village in 1953, and had preserved a strong sense of a distinct identity. Many Banat Germans of Müller’s parents’ generation had supported Hitler during the Second World War. After the war Romania changed from a fascist to a communist state, ruled over from 1966 until its fall in the winter of 1989 by the particularly brutal and oppressive regime of Nicolae Ceauescu. Most of the ethnic Germans left the country in the course of the 1980s and 1990s.
Projecting the Feminine Sexual Subject: Women, Pleasure, and Power
Authors: Martin-Marquez Susan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
IN earlier pages I have analysed several films, such as Nunca pasa nada and Función de noche, whose female protagonists boldly articulate their own sexual desire. Yet the depiction of female characters who actively pursue that desire onscreen has been much less in evidence. Indeed, it could be argued that the representation of sexuality constitutes a last frontier for feminist film-making in Spain, for, although sexually explicit images have abounded since the destape years, the portrayal of female sexual subjectivity has not.
Continued Response: Die Niemandsrose
Authors: Eskin Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Given that Celan’s Mandel’shtam translations and Die Nie- mandsrose can be read as one complex, diachronically dis- placed, yet unitary response, Die Niemandsrose must be materially linked to Celan’s Mandel’shtam translations. While the structural inseverability of Celan’s translations and original poetry is most clearly indicated by their concomitant dedicatory publication in Die Neue Rundschau, their organic interdependence-whose demonstration is the condition for the unitary dialogic treatment of both bodies of text-can only be established by way of a detailed analysis of Die Niemandsrose itself. In the following three sections I elaborate the material groundedness of Die Niemandsrose in Mandel’shtam’s poetry (and poetics). Die Niemandsrose consists of a dedication and fifty-three poems, which are divided into four internal cycles.
The Falling Line
Authors: Smith G S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On 19 February 1934 Mirsky informed Dorothy Galton that ‘Edward Bagritsky, one of our two or three finest poets, and about my best friend in Moscow has just died. This is a very bad blow to poetry here, and to me personally.’ Mirsky published four articles in memory of Bagritsky. This abundance points up the fact that he wrote nothing to commemorate three other important poets whose work he had proclaimed in earlier years: Maksimilian Voloshin (1877-11 August 1932), Andrey Bely (1880-8 January 1934), and the pre-revolutionary poet he had known best, Mikhail Kuzmin (1872-1 March 1936). Back in Paris, Tsvetaeva wrote something substantial about all three of them, even though Voloshin was the only one she had met more than once. Her essays about them form part of the extraordinary autobiographical prose she embarked on in the 1930s, none of which Mirsky can have read.
Electoral Scrutinies
Authors: Rubinstein Nicolai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
IT might be argued that the development of the office and functions of the Accoppiatori during the twenty years following on Cosimo’s return was bound to undermine the position of the scrutinies in the Florentine electoral system. The foregoing observations should suffice to show that this is not borne out by the facts. However long the Accoppiatori actually remained in power, their office was not a permanent one; nor could it always be safely expected that their term would be extended, or that, once abolished, elections a mano would be restored. Moreover, their powers to hold the horse a mano concerned only the Signoria; the vast majority of the magistracies inside and outside the city were still filled by the normal method of sortition. As we have seen, the a mano system itself did not entirely dispense with the latter, and presupposed the existence of scrutiny qualifications; indeed, from a purely technical point of view, all it did was to insert an additional stage into the electoral process, between the scrutiny and the drawing of the name-tickets. Finally, if the Accoppiatori had acquired certain discretionary powers to modify the results of the scrutinies before filling the bags, these powers were almost exclusively limited to the addition of names of citizens who, in their turn, had been qualified in previous scrutinies.
From the Church Fathers to the Renaissance
Authors: Hamilton Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The decision to attribute the pseudepigraphic 2 Esdras to Ezra was judicious. As he emerges from the canon of the Old Testament in the first two books attributed to him, Ezra and Nehemiah, Ezra, the priest or the scribe, is a tantalizingly obscure figure, the very stuff from which legends could be made. He was allegedly dis¬ patched from Babylon to Jerusalem by the king of Persia at some time around the turn of the fifth and the fourth century BC. The date and the identity of the king, Artaxerxes I or Artaxerxes II, are still debated. The purpose of Ezra’s mission was to legislate to the Jews who had returned to their homeland from the Babylonian Captivity. ‘And thou, Ezra,’ the king tells him in Ezra 7:25-26, ‘after the wisdom of thy God, that is in thine hand, set magistrates and judges, which may judge all the people that are beyond the river,
Chiliastic Mysticism and Radical Pietism
Authors: Hamilton Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The enthusiasm for 2 Esdras was at its height during the Thirty Years War. By far the majority of references to it are contained in publications produced between 1618 and 1623 and circulated, if not actually written, in the area afflicted by the fighting. Yet an interest in the book was fostered concurrently in other parts of Europe by the movement we encountered in Chapter 6 and which consisted of the admirers of Jacob Boehme. The man who played a pre-eminent part in it was a Silesian nobleman, Abraham von Franckenberg, responsible for editing a number of Boehme’s works. Influenced by Sebastian Franck, Schwenckfeld and Weigel, Franckenberg shared the current faith in prophecy and lived in expectation of the arrival of a new Elijah which would be followed by the millennium. Yet, in the tradition of the more spiritual thinkers we have examined, Franckenberg was not only convinced that the ‘golden age’ was a distant prospect, but also that it would be an essentially spiritual condition. Of the many prophets of his day he had a particular veneration for Ludwig Gifftheil, but he was aware of the false claims to be Elijah which had been made in the past and which he attributed to Postel, Paracelsus and Campanella.