bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entomophthoralean fungi associated with the common nettle aphid (Microlophium carnosum Buckton) and the potential role of nettle patches as reservoirs for the pathogens in landscape
Authors: Barta M. , Cagáň L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPopulations of the common nettle aphid, Microlophium carnosum Buckton, inhabiting nettle patches in an agricultural landscape were surveyed for entomophthoralean infection during 1998, 1999 and 2001. Five pathogenic species were identified from the aphid in the course of the survey. Erynia neoaphidis Remaudière & Hennebert, Neozygites fresenii (Nowakowski) Remaudière & Keller, and Neozygites microlophii Keller affected aphid colonies every year. Two minor pathogens, Entomophthora planchoniana Cornu and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn) Remaudière & Keller, were observed only in 2001.An artificial transmission of the three main fungi was carried out to prove horizontal transmission of infection between the common nettle aphid and different aphid species co‐occurring in landscape. N. microlophii, probably monophagous pathogen, did not infect any of the six recipient aphid species in the experiment. Transmissions of E. neoaphidis and N. fresenii conidia were successful with five and four aphid species, respectively. The average mortality of tested aphids after transmission ranged from 0 to 33.33 % for E. neoaphidis and from 0 to 15 % for N. fresenii.The potential of nettle patches as natural reservoirs for pathogens in the agroecosystem is discussed.
Occurrence of pathogens in associated living bark beetles (Col., Scolytidae) from different spruce stands in Austria
Authors: Händel U. , Wegensteiner R. , Weiser J. , Zizka Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPathogen occurrence was studied in 16 099 adult specimens of 10 different bark beetle species, which live associated on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Beetles (mainly Ips typographus L. and Pityogenes chalcographus L.) were collected from 6 different localities in Austria (4 secondary spruce stands and 2 natural forest type stands, 9 sampling plots in total) in elevations between 400 m and 1600 m. Various viral, protozoan, and fungal pathogens could be diagnosed with a light microscope in the examined beetles. Numerous pathogen species were known from former studies, some pathogens were totally new or could be found in a new host species beside their type host. The most dominant pathogen species were Protozoa, Gregarina cf. typographi, Malamoeba cf. scolyti, and Chytridiopsis cf. typographi. Over the whole investigation period, the highest pathogen diversity with eight pathogen species was found in I. typographus. Differences were observed in the pathogen complex of each beetle species from the different collection sites and in different years of investigation. Several species showed an overlapping in their host range and infected various bark beetle species. Furthermore, pathogen occurrence and prevalence differed in bark beetles from 4 different sampling plots in an area (one locality) within a distance of a few kilometres.
Cryosurgery of benign skin lesions
Authors: Thai Keng‐Ee , Sinclair Rodney D 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYCryosurgery is a widely used treatment modality in dermatology. Its place in cutaneous malignant and premalignant disease is well established; however, it also has great utility with benign lesions. Vascular, infectious, fibrotic diseases, solar damage, acne, as well as some cosmetic defects are amenable to freezing. The mechanism of treatment involves inducing tissue damage, vascular stasis and occlusion, as well as inflammation, to destroy unwanted tissue. After destruction of epidermal lesions, healing involves rapid re‐epithelialization over a relatively cold‐ insensitive dermal network. Side effects are common but shortlived and are rarely severe. The equipment required is relatively economical and readily available. The technique is straightforward and reproducible, making cryosurgery an attractive option for many commonly encountered benign skin conditions. This review outlines treatment with the timed spot freeze technique of some commonly encountered benign lesions.
Pustular vasculitis of the hands
Authors: Hall Anthony P , Goudge Russell J , Ireton H John C , Burrell Louise M 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA case of pustular vasculitis of the hands with evidence of systemic involvement is described. A 64‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐day history of large, tense bullae arranged symmetrically over the dorsum of the three radial digits and extending on to the radial aspect of the dorsum of each hand. The bullae caused some discomfort and prevented normal use of her hands. There was no response to antibiotic therapy initiated prior to referral to hospital. Initial investigations revealed a raised white cell count with a neutrophilia, a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a raised C‐reactive protein. Abnormalities of liver function were detected. Aspirates from the bullae and blood cultures were sterile. The histology of debrided tissue demonstrated a florid neutrophilic dermal infiltrate with many blood vessels associated with prominent fibrin. A diagnosis of pustular vasculitis of the hands was made. The bullae were surgically debrided and treatment with oral corticosteroids was started. Two days after commencement of oral prednisolone, a crusted pustule appeared on her upper cutaneous lip. There was rapid resolution of both the vasculitis of the hands and the pustule on her upper lip following an increase in the dose of oral prednisolone. The patient was discharged on the seventeenth day following admission.
Night blindness precipitated by isotretinoin in the setting of hypovitaminosis A
Authors: Welsh Belinda M , Smith Arnold L , Elder James E , Varigos George A 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 16‐year‐old male developed night blindness 2 weeks after starting isotretinoin at a dose of 20 mg per day for cystic acne. He also had cystic fibrosis, complicated by hepatic cirrhosis. Despite long‐term oral vitamin A supplementation, serum vitamin A levels were found to be 0.3 μmol/L (normal range 0.9–2.5 μmol/L). Oral vitamin A replacement was instituted with resolution of his visual symptoms in 6 months. Isotretinoin therapy was successfully continued with no deterioration in liver function. Isotretinoin has been reported to cause deterioration in night vision. In vitro evidence suggests isotretinoin may interfere with the processing of endogenous vitamin A in the retina. This case highlights the need for careful monitoring of serum vitamin A status in patients with malabsorptive states on isotretinoin therapy.
A case of spontaneous mutation in the keratin 9 gene associated with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Morgan Vanessa A , Byron Keith , Paiman2 Lisa , Varigos1 George A 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYEpidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma appears to be due to defects in keratin 9, the palmoplantar specific type 1 keratin. We report a case of spontaneous mutation, a C to T transition at codon 162, resulting in an arginine to tryptophan substitution in the 1 A region of the alpha helical rod domain of keratin 9. This provides further evidence that this codon is an important spot for mutation in keratin 9.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis in Western Australia
Authors: Brand Roland , Rohr James B 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYToxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe, life‐threatening illness with up to one‐third mortality. We report a retrospective analysis of all cases treated in Royal Perth Hospital over a 20‐year period from July 1978 to June 1998, by analysis of medical records. A total of 12 patients with an age range of 23–73 years was identified. The female to male ratio was 2:1, with age of onset earlier in females. All cases were associated with medications, most commonly antibiotics, anticonvulsants and allopurinol. The mortality rate was one‐third (four deaths), mostly resulting from cardiorespiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. Risk factors for death were advanced age and severe underlying disease, including diabetes, alcoholic liver disease, sepsis and malignancy. Among the six patients treated with systemic corticosteroids there was only one death. Treatment with corticosteroids appeared to be beneficial, with such patients having both fewer complications and a lower mortality rate.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis associated with oral terbinafine
Authors: Hall Anthony P , Tate Bruce 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA case history of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) following oral terbinafine is reported. A 64‐year‐old woman presented with a rapidly spreading micropustular eruption 3 days after completing a 28‐day course of oral terbinafine. There was a positive family history of psoriasis but no personal history. The clinical presentation and histopathology were consistent with AGEP. There was nearly complete resolution of the pustular eruption within 3.5 weeks following cessation of oral terbinafine and treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids. The patient has remained free of any recurrence 18 months later. A summary of drugs known to be associated with AGEP is presented. Prompt recognition of AGEP is stressed in order to avoid confusion with acute generalized pustular psoriasis or a systemic infection. The most important aspect of management is the immediate withdrawal of the suspect drug.
Reconstruction of the nasal tip using a nasalis myocutaneous flap
Authors: Hunt Michelle J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYReconstruction of nasal tip defects is a technical and aesthetic challenge for dermatological surgeons, due to the limited reservoir of available skin and its thick, inflexible nature. The myocutaneous flap described in this paper, using the vascular pedicle of the transverse nasalis muscle, is an excellent option for repair of defects of the nasal tip. It provides a cosmetically superior result to skin grafting, particularly in noses of ‘sebaceous’ quality, by providing similar local skin. The flap maintains normal nasal tip contour and, being an axial pattern flap, its blood supply is reliable.
Allergy to lichen acids in a fragrance
Authors: Rademaker Marius 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 48‐year‐old clerical officer with a recurrent facial eruption had positive patch test reactions to nickel, fragrance mix and lichen acid mix. On testing to individual ingredients of fragrance mix and lichen acid mix, she had 2+ reactions to oak moss, which is thought to be the main allergen in fragrance mix, and to usnic acid, which is one of a number of lichen acids comprising oak moss. Avoidance of fragrance use resulted in clearing of the eruption but, subsequently, an acute vesicular flare on her face and hands occurred after exposure to lichen on garden shrubs.
Lasers in skin resurfacing
Authors: Dover Jeffrey S , Hruza George 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYLaser skin resurfacing has revolutionized the approach to facial skin rejuvenation over the last decade. It has also added an approach to managing both atrophic and hypertrophic scars. This paper will review the basic principles of laser skin resurfacing, the different lasers used, the approach to treatment and potential complications of the procedure, followed by a discussion of future prospects in the field.
Ulceration of the urethral meatus after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation
Authors: Davies Derek , Horton Peter J , Gow Elizabeth , Lowe Trish , Chapman Jeremy C , Allen Richard Dm 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 39‐year‐old male developed painful ulceration of the glans penis following simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation for end‐stage renal failure complicating insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Infection was excluded. Diversion of the pancreatic secretions away from the urinary bladder into the bowel resulted in healing.
Dermatological presentations of infantile myofibromatosis: A review of 27 cases
Authors: Stanford Duncan , Rogers Maureen 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYTwenty‐seven cases of infantile myofibromatosis presenting with dermatological manifestations were retrospectively reviewed. Approximately 80% were solitary lesions and 50% of these appeared on the head and neck. Around 60% were present at or soon after birth. Most lesions were dermal or subcutaneous, although some were intramuscular and intraosseous. The clinical appearance was non‐specific leading to frequent misdiagnosis. While most patients presented with nodules, atrophic depressed lesions and warty pedunculated lesions were also seen. Although 7% of lesions recurred after excision, spontaneous resolution was also documented.
Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yung Anthony , Oakley Amanda 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 19‐year‐old woman with a 6 month history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed a widespread urticated, erythematous eruption associated with tense, fluid‐filled blisters, erosions and crusting. Biopsy showed subepidermal blistering with a prominent neutrophilic infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence showed markedly positive granular IgG deposition with weak IgM, IgA and C3 at the dermo‐ epidermal junction. No circulating antibodies were detected on indirect immunofluorescence. A diagnosis of bullous systemic erythematosus was made. Treatment with prednisone was ineffective. Subsequent treatment with dapsone led to rapid sustained remission of skin symptoms. Bullous SLE is a rare manifestation of SLE. We review the recent literature and discuss the distinctive features of this condition and contrast them with cutaneous SLE with blisters and the subepidermal blistering disorders.
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Bleasel Narelle R , Varigos George A 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYPorphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a metabolic disorder of haem biosynthesis caused by decreased activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Porphyria cutanea tarda is manifest by fragility, erosions, bullae, milia and scars on sun‐exposed skin. Excess porphyrins in the skin interact with light of approximately 400 nm‐wavelength radiant energy, forming reactive oxygen species. Porphyria cutanea tarda is categorized as familial, acquired or toxic. Factors that may induce clinical expression of PCT in susceptible individuals include alcohol, oestrogen, iron, polyhalogenated compounds and viral infections. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with an increased incidence of the haemochromatosis gene. Treatments for PCT include withdrawal of aggravating factors, phlebotomy and oral antimalarial medications.
Genetics of alopecia areata
Authors: Green Jack , Sinclair Rodney D 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYAlopecia areata is a common disorder with a genetic predisposition where interaction with environmental factors leads to episodes of terminal hair loss. In this review article, we examine the evidence for a genetic basis to this disorder and discuss the prospects for future research into genetic susceptibility areas and the problems that are likely to be encountered in such research.
Mixed immunobullous disease: Is this linear IgA disease?
Authors: Sheridan Adam T , Kirtschig Gudula , Wojnarowska Fenella 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYWe report five patients who demonstrated clinical, histological and direct immunofluorescence (IF) features typical of linear IgA disease (LAD), but who also displayed IgG anti‐basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies on indirect IF. The presence of circulating IgG anti‐BMZ antibodies is often said to exclude the diagnosis of LAD. Unable to confidently classify these patients, we reviewed their clinical progress for unifying features. This revealed an almost universal benefit from dapsone therapy. We therefore propose that when strong linear IgA deposition is observed at the BMZ, a first line trial of dapsone is indicated, irrespective of the presence of circulating IgG. The class of antibody fixed in vivo appears to influence the clinical picture more than the class of circulating antibody.
Occupational epoxy resin allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Rademaker Marius 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYSixteen cases of occupational contact dermatitis to epoxy resins were seen over a 5‐year period. All were men. Six cases worked in the construction industry, two worked as painters, two as engineers, two as car windscreen repairers, and one each worked in a timber yard, a car yard, on a farm and as a cane‐ furniture salesman. Most presented with rashes on their faces (56%), hands (50%) or arms (37%). Two patients were allergic to the reactive diluent phenyl glycidyl ether, and one was allergic to the epoxy hardener isophorone diamine. The rest were allergic to the epoxy resin itself. Outcome in this series was poor because most continued to be exposed to epoxy resins in their workplace environment.
Adult‐onset atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bannister Michael J , Freeman Susanne 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYAtopic dermatitis beginning in adult life is not mentioned in the medical literature. In a review of 2604 patients attending a contact dermatitis clinic, 243 patients (9%) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis which began for the first time at 20 years of age or older with no contact factors present. This compares with 213 patients (8%) who had atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Patients with purely atopic dermatitis had negative patch testing to relevant allergens and the diagnosis was based on a personal or family history of atopy as well as elevated IgE levels and multiple positive skin prick tests. A broad range of age of onset was found, as well as a female preponderance. The commonest sites of dermatitis were generalized involvement, dermatitis of the hands or eczema involving the face.
Nail staining from hydroquinone cream
Authors: Ozluer Selim M , Muir James 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYTopical hydroquinone is used in the treatment of a number of skin conditions. A 33‐year‐old male presented with brown discolouration of the fingernails following the application of 4% hydroquinone in sorbolene cream and 0.1% tretinoin cream to the face intermittently for 9 months. The discolouration resolved when the creams were ceased.
Erythema multiforme: A case with unusual histopathological features
Authors: Wells Jennifer M , Weedon David , Muir James B 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 14‐year‐old boy presented with widespread cutaneous and mucosal lesions clinically consistent with erythema multiforme. He gave a history of previous episodes of a similar eruption. Histological examination of a representative lesion showed changes consistent with erythema multiforme. It also, however, contained large numbers of eosinophils, forming a dermal interstitial infiltrate and epidermal microabscesses. The full blood examination showed a persistent eosinophilia. The appearances initially confused two experienced dermatopathologists.
Lip cancer: Important management issues
Authors: Veness Michael 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYLip cancer should be diagnosed and treated at an early stage. It most often presents on the lower lip of middle‐aged to elderly males. The aetiology is similar to non‐melanona skin cancer, that is, chronic sun exposure. Despite treatment, a proportion of patients will experience delayed relapse and one in 10 will die from lip cancer. Clinicians need to be aware of the natural history of this disease. Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip treated by radiotherapy are presented and discussed to highlight important aspects in the management of lip cancer.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to benzalkonium chloride in plaster of Paris
Authors: Wong Deanna A , Watson Alan B 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYPlaster of Paris (POP) bandages are extensively used for splinting and casting injured or surgically repaired body parts. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by POP has been reported only rarely in the medical literature. An 81‐year‐old woman developed multiple large, tense, haemorrhagic bullae on the palm, and an acute vesicular eczematous eruption on the forearm, after the application of a POP splint. Subsequent patch testing revealed positive reactions to both the POP bandage used and to benzalkonium chloride, a component of the POP formulation. Patch tests to two other POP products without benzalkonium chloride were negative. These results confirm those of previous studies which have implicated the quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride as the allergen responsible for POP‐induced allergic contact dermatitis.
Generalized eczematous reaction to budesonide in a nasal spray with cross‐reactivity to triamcinolone
Authors: Poon Eric , Fewings John M 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 78‐year‐old woman suffered a generalized eczematous hypersensitivity reaction following the use of an intranasal budesonide inhaler. Patch testing demonstrated positive reactions to both budesonide and triamcinolone. Her eczema responded to emollients, betamethasone dipropionate ointment and cessation of her intranasal budesonide inhaler.
Amyloidosis of the tongue with kappa light chain disease
Authors: Basak Pinar Y , Ergin Şeniz , Tugĝrul M , Sari Aliye 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 70‐year‐old woman presented with a painful, red tongue with papules associated with xerostomia and systemic symptoms including weight loss, difficulty in swallowing and breathing, haemochezia and leg swelling. Biopsy from the tongue demonstrated amyloid deposits and, on further investigation, kappa chain disease was diagnosed. Primary systemic amyloidosis was diagnosed and the patient died within weeks of presentation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection mimicking erythema annulare centrifugum
Authors: Czechowicz Romuald T , Warren Lachlan J , Moore Lynette , Saxon Ben 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 3‐year‐old girl receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia developed a rapidly expanding red annular plaque on her thigh, initially without signs of systemic toxicity or local pain. Subsequently she developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis and purpura at the leading edge of the plaque. Skin biopsy showed an extensive necrotizing vasculitis with numerous Gram‐negative bacilli in the blood vessel walls. In immunocompromised individuals, skin biopsy and culture of cutaneous lesions for bacteria and fungi should be considered even in the absence of signs of systemic toxicity or multiple lesions.
Phenolic ablation of the nail matrix
Authors: De Berker David AR 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYTherapeutic ablation of nail is necessary in a variety of settings. The challenge is to achieve destruction of nail matrix with minimal pain and to ensure that there is no re‐growth of nail. There are many different methods of nail ablation, with excisional surgery and phenolic ablation of matrix representing the most common. The balance of published data favours phenolic ablation as a simple procedure with low morbidity and the least chance of recurrence.
PERSONAL REVIEW Post‐acne scarring: A short review of its pathophysiology
Authors: Goodman Greg J 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe onset of acne is an expected phenomenon in adolescence. However, its arrival produces long‐term psychological and physical sequelae for the individual. A review of available data illustrates the pathophysiological sequence of the advent of post‐acne scarring from its humble beginnings as a microscopic comedone to its eventual devastating end point of indented or exophytic scars. Acne scarring shows many different forms and is explainable by the depth and severity of the antecedent inflammation and the ability of the individual to heal these lesions. Post‐acne scarring is debilitating and socially disabling for many and is the avoidable outcome of untreated or inadequately treated acne. Treatment will depend on the resultant scar topography.