bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isospin-violating dark matter at liquid noble detectors: new constraints, future projections, and an exploration of target complementarity
Authors: Cheek Andrew , Price Darren D. , Sandford Ellen M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is no known reason that dark matter interactions with the Standard Model should couple to neutrons and protons in the same way. This isospin violation can have large consequences, modifying the sensitivity of existing and future direct detection experimental constraints by orders of magnitude. Previous works in the literature have focused on the zero-momentum limit which has its limitations when extending the analysis to the Non-Relativistic Effective Field Theory basis (NREFT). In this paper, we study isospin violation in a detailed manner, paying specific attention to the experimental setups of liquid noble detectors. We analyse two effective Standard Model gauge invariant models as interesting case studies as well as the more model-independent NREFT operators. This work demonstrates the high degree of complementarity between the target nuclei xenon and argon. Most notably, we show that the Standard Model gauge-invariant formulation of the standard spin-dependent interaction often generates a sizeable response from argon, a target nuclei with zero spin. This work is meant as an update and a useful reference to model builders and experimentalists.
The spatial string tension from the field correlator method
Authors: Agasian N. O. , Khaidukov Z. V. , Simonov Yu. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe behaviour of spatial string tension $$\sigma _s(T)$$

σ
s

(
T
)

as a function of the temperature T is found in the framework of the Field Correlator Method (FCM). Here the string tension is calculated using the gluelump Green’s function, where gluons in the gluelump are interacting via the same spatial string tension. The resulting T-dependence was obtained without extra parameters in the region $$T_c< T < 5 T_c$$

T
c

<
T
<
5

T
c

using the formalism of elliptic functions $$\theta _3$$

θ
3

, demonstrating good agreement with available lattice data.
The role of the boundary term in f(Q, B) symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , De Falco Vittorio , Ferrara Carmen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the framework of metric-affine gravity, we consider the role of the boundary term in Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity assuming f(Q, B) models where f is a smooth function of the non-metricity scalar Q and the related boundary term B. Starting from a variational approach, we derive the field equations and compare them with respect to those of f(Q) gravity in the limit of $$B\rightarrow 0$$

B
→
0

. It is possible to show that $$f(Q,B)=f(Q-B)$$

f
(
Q
,
B
)
=
f
(
Q
-
B
)

models are dynamically equivalent to f(R) gravity as in the case of teleparallel $$f(\tilde{B}-T)$$

f
(

B
~

-
T
)

gravity (where $$B\ne \tilde{B}$$

B
≠

B
~

). Furthermore, conservation laws are derived. In this perspective, considering boundary terms in f(Q) gravity represents the last ingredient towards the Extended Geometric Trinity of Gravity, where f(R), $$f(T,\tilde{B})$$

f
(
T
,

B
~

)

, and f(Q, B) can be dealt under the same standard. In this perspective, we discuss also the Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term of General Relativity comparing it with B in f(Q, B) gravity.
Thrombocytopenia as a Bleeding Risk Factor in Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the AFIRE Study
Authors: Iijima Raisuke , Tokue Masahide , Nakamura Masato , Yasuda Satoshi , Kaikita Koichi , Akao Masaharu , Ako Junya , Matoba Tetsuya , Miyauchi Katsumi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Kimura Kazuo , Hirayama Atsushi , Matsui Kunihiko , Ogawa Hisao ,   the AFIRE Investigators
Published: October 2023

Background
Thrombocytopenia poses a risk of bleeding in patients with chronic coronary syndrome after coronary intervention. However, whether thrombocytopenia also increases the bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic coronary syndrome remains unclear.

Methods and Results

This study evaluated the AFIRE (Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Events With Rivaroxaban in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease) trial. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count <100 000/mm
3
level at enrollment. Primary end points included incidence of major bleeding based on the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis criterion and major adverse cardiovascular ischemic events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stroke). A total of 2133 patients were classified into the thrombocytopenia (n=70) and nonthrombocytopenia (n=2063) groups. Major bleeding was significantly higher in the thrombocytopenia group than in the nonthrombocytopenia group (10.0% versus 4.1%,
P
=0.027). The thrombocytopenia group tended to have a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular ischemic events (11.4% versus 6.2%,
P
=0.08). The bleeding incidence was significantly higher in patients with thrombocytopenia receiving combination therapy with rivaroxaban and a single antiplatelet drug (thrombocytopenia group, 14.3%, versus nonthrombocytopenia group, 5.0%; hazard ratio, 3.18 [95% CI, 1.27–7.97],
P
=0.014). Thrombocytopenia was an independent predictor of major bleeding (hazard ratio, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.19–5.56],
P
=0.017).

Conclusions
Among patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic coronary syndrome, thrombocytopenia was significantly associated with increased risk of major bleeding. Selecting drugs for patients with thrombocytopenia continuing antithrombotic therapy should be given special consideration.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02642419.
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
; Unique identifier: UMIN000016612.
Identification of Clinically Relevant Brain Endothelial Cell Biomarkers in Plasma
Authors: Cordon Jenifer , Duggan Michael R. , Gomez Gabriela T. , Pucha Krishna A. , Peng Zhongsheng , Dark Heather E. , Davatzikos Christos , Erus Guray , Lewis Alexandria , Moghekar Abhay , Candia Julián , Ferrucci Luigi , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Walker Keenan A. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Proteins expressed by brain endothelial cells (BECs), the primary cell type of the blood-brain barrier, may serve as sensitive plasma biomarkers for neurological and neurovascular conditions, including cerebral small vessel disease.

METHODS:
Using data from the BLSA (Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; n=886; 2009–2020), BEC-enriched proteins were identified among 7268 plasma proteins (measured with SomaScanv4.1) using an automated annotation algorithm that filtered endothelial cell transcripts followed by cross-referencing with BEC-specific transcripts reported in single-cell RNA-sequencing studies. To identify BEC-enriched proteins in plasma most relevant to the maintenance of neurological and neurovascular health, we selected proteins significantly associated with 3T magnetic resonance imaging–defined white matter lesion volumes. We then examined how these candidate BEC biomarkers related to white matter lesion volumes, cerebral microhemorrhages, and lacunar infarcts in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; US multisite; 1990–2017). Finally, we determined whether these candidate BEC biomarkers, when measured during midlife, were related to dementia risk over a 25-year follow-up period.

RESULTS:
Of the 28 proteins identified as BEC-enriched, 4 were significantly associated with white matter lesion volumes (CDH5 [cadherin 5], CD93 [cluster of differentiation 93], ICAM2 [intracellular adhesion molecule 2], GP1BB [glycoprotein 1b platelet subunit beta]), while another approached significance (RSPO3 [R-Spondin 3]). A composite score based on 3 of these BEC proteins accounted for 11% of variation in white matter lesion volumes in BLSA participants. We replicated the associations between the BEC composite score, CDH5, and RSPO3 with white matter lesion volumes in ARIC, and further demonstrated that the BEC composite score and RSPO3 were associated with the presence of ≥1 cerebral microhemorrhages. We also showed that the BEC composite score, CDH5, and RSPO3 were associated with 25-year dementia risk.

CONCLUSIONS:
In addition to identifying BEC proteins in plasma that relate to cerebral small vessel disease and dementia risk, we developed a composite score of plasma BEC proteins that may be used to estimate blood-brain barrier integrity and risk for adverse neurovascular outcomes.
Deep Learning Parameterization of Vertical Wind Velocity Variability via Constrained Adversarial Training
Authors: Barahona Donifan , Breen Katherine H. , Kalesse-Los Heike , Röttenbacher Johannes 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric models with typical resolution in the tenths of kilometers cannot resolve the dynamics of air parcel ascent, which varies on scales ranging from tens to hundreds of meters. Small-scale wind fluctuations are thus characterized by a subgrid distribution of vertical wind velocity W with standard deviation σW. The parameterization of σW is fundamental to the representation of aerosol–cloud interactions, yet it is poorly constrained. Using a novel deep learning technique, this work develops a new parameterization for σW merging data from global storm-resolving model simulations, high-frequency retrievals of W, and climate reanalysis products. The parameterization reproduces the observed statistics of σW and leverages learned physical relations from the model simulations to guide extrapolation beyond the observed domain. Incorporating observational data during the training phase was found to be critical for its performance. The parameterization can be applied online within large-scale atmospheric models, or offline using output from weather forecasting and reanalysis products.

Significance Statement
Vertical air motion plays a crucial role in several atmospheric processes, such as cloud droplet and ice crystal formation. However, it often occurs at scales smaller than those resolved by standard atmospheric models, leading to uncertainties in climate predictions. To address this, we present a novel deep learning approach that synthesizes data from various sources, providing a representation of small-scale vertical wind velocity suitable for integration into atmospheric models. Our method demonstrates high accuracy when compared to observation-based retrievals, offering potential to mitigate uncertainties and enhance climate forecasting.
Regional and Seasonal Biases in Convection-Allowing Model Forecasts of Near-Surface Temperature and Moisture
Authors: Wade Andrew R. , Jirak Israel L. , Lyza Anthony W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigates regional, seasonal biases in convection-allowing model forecasts of near-surface temperature and dewpoint in areas of particular importance to forecasts of severe local storms. One method compares model forecasts with objective analyses of observed conditions in the inflow sectors of reported tornadoes. A second method captures a broader sample of environments, comparing model forecasts with surface observations under certain warm-sector criteria. Both methods reveal a cold bias across all models tested in Southeast U.S. cool-season warm sectors. This is an operationally important bias given the thermodynamic sensitivity of instability-limited severe weather that is common in the Southeast cool season. There is not a clear bias across models in the Great Plains warm season, but instead more varied behavior with differing model physics.

Significance Statement
The severity of thunderstorms and the types of hazards they produce depend in part on the low-level temperature and moisture in the near-storm environment. It is important for numerical forecast models to accurately represent these fields in forecasts of severe weather events. We show that the most widely used short-term, high-resolution forecast models have a consistent cold bias of about 1 K (up to 2 K in certain cases) in storm environments in the southeastern U.S. cool season. Human forecasters must recognize and adjust for this bias, and future model development should aim to improve it.
What’s in a memory? PTSD and working with survivors of psychological trauma
Authors: Andreassen Michael , Deahl Martin 
Published: October 2023

Background: Treating the consequences of psychological trauma and PTSD is of major concern to psychiatry although outcomes are often rather poor, often giving to the fact that the diagnose of PTSD is misused and no consideration of the trauma settings and its consequences on the brain. Aims: This paper looks at the impact of false or induced memories in the trauma narrative and their potential impact on therapy with examples from the everyday world. The consequences of this in civilian therapy sessions is discussed compared to the classical debriefing for PTSD in the armed forces. Methods: We take a theoretical overview of the interaction between therapist and patient with PTSD and consider the shortfalls of any therapy that requires the patient to recount their experiences. Results: We argue the uncritical acceptance of trauma history fails to take account of, and even lends itself, to induced or false memories which undermine treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that, this is also often leading to a wrong conception of the outcome of treatment for PTSD, which is often much more sombre than the treatment outcome of lesser conditions.
Post-migration journey: Asylum, trauma and resilience, different trajectories – A comparison of the mental health and post-migration living difficulties of documented and undocumented migrants in Belgium
Authors: Herroudi Laura , Knuppel Iris , Blavier Adélaïde 
Published: October 2023

Background: Research on the impact of post-migration experiences on the mental health of migrant populations has shown a predictive link between post-migration living difficulties and psychological distress. While many studies have focussed on refugees and asylum seekers, there is a considerable gap in the literature concerning undocumented migrants. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in mental health between documented and undocumented migrants in Belgium. It identified the post-migration difficulties encountered by these two groups and measured their impact on their levels of trauma, resilience, anxiety, depression and their assumptive world. Method: This study involved 69 participants, aged 18 to 68 years, who were either documented or undocumented resident in Belgium. Our data collection included the Post-Migration Living Difficulties Checklist for the measurement of post-migration difficulties, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – DSM-V version for the measurement of trauma, the World Assumptions Questionnaire for the measurement of the assumptive world, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 for the measurement of depressive and anxiety disorders and the Adult Resilience Measure – Revised for the measurement of resilience. Results: Our analyses showed that the mental health of undocumented migrants was poorer than that of documented migrants, with higher levels of trauma, anxiety and depression, a more negative assumptive world, a lower sense of control and lower total and personal resilience. Our results also revealed that post-migration living difficulties were more severe and more numerous for undocumented migrants, and that they were associated to different themes in both groups. Conclusions: The fact that post-migration experience plays such an important role in the mental health of migrant populations raises significant clinical, political and societal considerations. Furthermore, it would appear that undocumented migrants represent a distinct migratory group with their own specificities in terms of migration journey and mental health.
Association Between Physical Tests and Patients-Reported Outcomes in Athletes Performing Exercise Therapy for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the JUMPER Study
Authors: Deng Jie , Breda Stephan J , Eygendaal Denise , Oei Edwin HG , de Vos Robert-Jan 
Published: October 2023

Background: Physical tests are commonly used in patellar tendinopathy to aid the clinical diagnosis, assess the prognosis, and monitor treatment. However, it is still unknown whether these physical measures are associated with patient-reported outcomes after exercise therapy. Purpose: To identify the prognostic value of baseline physical test results and to determine the association between physical response after exercise therapy and clinical improvement over 24 weeks. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study recruited 76 consecutive athletes with patellar tendinopathy who were randomized to 2 different programs of exercise therapy for 24 weeks. Athletes underwent a range of physical tests before and during exercise therapy (12 and 24 weeks), including isometric muscle strength (quadriceps and hip abductors), muscle flexibility (quadriceps, hamstrings, soleus, and gastrocnemius), vertical jump height, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores by palpation, after 3 jump trials, and after single-leg squat (VAS-SLS). The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire was used as the primary patient-reported outcome. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the prognostic value of baseline physical tests. The change in VISA-P score was further dichotomized into clinical responsiveness (≥14 points) and nonresponsiveness (<14 points). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations between physical response and clinical improvement. Results: Of the 76 included patients, 67 (88%) had complete follow-ups. The estimated mean VISA-P score increased by 23 points (95% CI, 19-28 points) after 24 weeks. No association was found between any baseline physical test results and a 24-week change in VISA-P score (all Pinteraction > .2, using the likelihood ratio test). Improvement in VAS-SLS after exercise therapy was not associated with VISA-P improvement after adjustment (β = −1.76; P = .01; Bonferroni-corrected P = .10; R2 = 36.3%). No associations were found between changes in other physical test results and clinical improvement (all P > .05). Conclusion: In patients with patellar tendinopathy, physical test results including strength and flexibility in the lower limb, jump performance, and pain levels during pain-provoking tests were not identified as prognostic factors for patient-reported outcomes after exercise therapy. Similarly, changes in physical test results were not associated with changes in patient-reported outcomes after adjustments. These results do not support using physical test results to estimate prognosis or monitor treatment response. Registration: NCT02938143 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Elasticity of the Forearm Flexor-Pronator Muscles as a Risk Factor for Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Players: A Prospective Cohort Study of 314 Players
Authors: Saito Akira , Okada Kyoji , Shibata Kazuyuki , Sato Hiromichi , Namiki Yusuke , Terui Yoshino , Kikuchi Tsubasa 
Published: October 2023

Background: Young baseball players with medial elbow injuries are known to have high forearm flexor-pronator muscle elasticity; however, the causal relationship between forearm muscle elasticity and the occurrence of medial elbow injuries remains unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the forearm flexor-pronator muscle elasticity is a risk factor for medial elbow injury in young baseball players. It was hypothesized that high flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) elasticity would be a risk factor for medial elbow injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Young baseball players (aged 9-12 years) with no history of elbow injuries underwent examination during which the strain ratios (SRs) of the pronator teres, flexor digitorum superficialis, and FCU muscles were measured using ultrasound strain elastography as an index of elasticity. Additionally, the participants completed a questionnaire assessing age, height, weight, months of experience as a baseball player, position in baseball, number of training days per week, number of throws per day, and elbow pain during throwing; then the range of motion of the shoulder and hip internal/external rotation were measured. One year after the baseline measurements, the occurrence of new medial elbow injuries was evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently conducted to determine risk factors for medial elbow injuries. Cutoff points for significant SR values obtained from the multivariate logistic regression analysis were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Of the 314 players, 76 (24.2%) were diagnosed with medial elbow injury. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a 0.1 increase in the SR of the FCU muscle (odds ratio [OR], 1.211; 95% CI, 1.116-1.314) and number of throws per day (OR, 1.012; 95% CI, 1.001-1.022) were significantly associated with medial elbow injuries. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the optimal cutoff for the SR of the FCU muscle was 0.920 (area under the curve, 0.694; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 56.7%). Conclusion: Increased FCU elasticity is a risk factor for medial elbow injury. Evaluation of the FCU elasticity may be useful in identifying young baseball players at high risk of medial elbow injuries and may facilitate prevention of medial elbow injury. As shown by the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, FCU elasticity itself may be useful in identifying young baseball players at high risk of elbow injuries. However, we believe that other factors, such as the number of pitches per day, need to be considered to improve its accuracy.
Immediate Skin to Skin Contact and Zero Separation of Mother Infant Dyads Among Healthy Term Infants Delivered Vaginally: A Quality Improvement Initiative in a Tertiary Care Institute in South India
Authors: Vishnurajan Radhakrishnan , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari , Amboiram Prakash , Chandran Rabindran 
Published: October 2023

Background The neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) recommends immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) of the neonate with the mother’s abdomen. Early establishment of SSC has increased the duration of breastfeeding and decreased neonatal morbidity significantly. Objective To achieve immediate SSC and zero separation of infant–mother dyads for a minimum of 30 min in vaginally born healthy term babies from 0% to 50% over 3 months by implementing a quality improvement (QI) initiative. Methods A QI initiative was undertaken at the maternity-newborn care unit of a tertiary-care hospital between March 2022 and December 2022. A team including neonatologists, obstetricians, pediatric postgraduates, and nurses (both neonatal and obstetric) in the concerned areas was identified. Using 5-why technique and fishbone analysis, the root cause analysis was done. Two plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were undertaken. First, sensitization of healthcare personnel was done, and a written policy was made. Efforts were made to sustain the QI. Continuous surveillance, internal audits, and regular interprofessional team meetings were carried out. Results Prior to this QI, baseline data showed that no babies received SSC for 30 min. During the first PDSA cycle, 16.6% (4/24) of babies received SSC and zero separation for 30 min. During the II PDSA cycle, among 46 eligible neonates, 50% (23/46) received SSC >30 min. During the sustenance phase, among 262 eligible neonates, 75.2 % (197/262) received >30 min of SSC immediately after delivery. Conclusion Immediate SSC and zero separation for 30 min could be achieved by implementing simple measures through this QI initiative. The major hurdles, including the knowledge gap, fear, and safety of neonates, were tackled through simple strategies like education sessions, ergonomic modification, and sensitization of the healthcare team.