bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between phylogeny, range size, niche breadth and niche overlap in European orchids (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Jacquemyn Hans , De Coensel Ben , Evans Alexandra , Wang Deyi , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding the various factors that contribute to the distribution and geographical ranges of plant and animal species has been a central issue in ecology, evolution and biogeography for more than two centuries. In this study, we investigated whether (i) niche breadth is phylogenetically conserved, (ii) niche overlap is negatively correlated with orchid evolutionary distance, and (iii) more recently diverged sister species show more niche overlap compared to older sister species.LocationEurope.TaxonOrchids (Orchidaceae).MethodsEcological niche models were created for 107 European orchid species distributed across 17 genera using occurrence and environmental data. A time‐calibrated phylogeny was reconstructed and the phylogenetic signal for range size and niche breadth was estimated. Phylogenetic distances among species were calculated to test the hypothesis that niche overlap is explained by evolutionary history. Finally, we investigated whether the divergence age of sister taxa was negatively related to niche overlap.ResultsRange size and niche breadth in both geographical and environmental space varied by more than three orders of magnitude and were strongly correlated with each other. We did not find strong evidence for phylogenetic conservatism in range size, niche breadth and niche overlap. However, sister taxa pairs with older divergence age showed less overlap in their environmental niche compared to more recently diverged sister taxa.Main ConclusionsWe conclude that orchid species that have broader ecological niches tend to display larger range sizes. Our results further show that the current distribution of orchid species across the European continent is best explained by recent speciation events and relative rapid adaptation to local environmental conditions, while deep‐level phylogenetic relationships are not correlated with ecological niche breadth.
Effects of nurse‐led self‐care interventions on health outcomes among people with heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Zehao , Liu Ting , Gao Ruitong , Chair Sek Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo estimate the effects of nurse‐led self‐care interventions on people with heart failure (HF).BackgroundResearch evidence of the effects of nurse‐led HF self‐care interventions on patient outcomes is scant.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data SourcesSix databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched from the inception to December 2022 to identify eligible studies.MethodsRCTs published in English that evaluated the impact of nurse‐led HF self‐care interventions on quality of life, anxiety, symptom burden, sleep quality, healthcare service utilisation and mortality were included. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using RoB 2.0. We conducted data syntheses using the R software and graded the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA.ResultsTwenty‐five studies with 2746 subjects were included. Our findings demonstrated, that compared to the controls, nurse‐led self‐care interventions improved QOL (SMD: .83, 95% CI: .50–1.15, moderate evidence), anxiety (MD: 1.39, 95% CI: .49–2.29, high evidence) and symptom burden (SMD: .81, 95% CI: .24–1.38, low evidence) in people with HF. No significant effects were found in all‐cause hospital readmission and all‐cause emergency department visit. Research evidence on sleep quality, cardiac‐related hospital readmission, cardiac‐related emergency department visit and all‐cause mortality remained unclear.ConclusionsOur review suggests that nurse‐led HF self‐care interventions have favourable effects on the QOL, anxiety and symptom burden. Further, well‐designed RCTs are warranted to address the gaps identified in this review.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results indicated that nurse‐led HF self‐care interventions could improve QOL, anxiety and symptom burden in people with HF. Nurse‐led self‐care intervention could be integrated into current HF management practices.
Five angry men: advocating for and mobilizing EU gender equality law to advance men's rights
Authors: AYADA SOPHIA 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article analyses the impact of a men's rights organization involved in political lobbying and legal mobilization around gender equality issues at the European level since 1986. Drawing on the as‐yet unexplored archival materials of the Campaign for Equal State Pension Ages (CESPA), an organization that had a membership of about 1,200 individuals in the 1990s and later rebranded itself as PARITY, the article explores the meaning of European Union gender equality advocacy and mobilization by and for an organization initially composed exclusively of men based in the United Kingdom. It argues that anti‐discrimination law was successively used as a strategic tool by this organization to further class equality and as a potentially anti‐feminist instrument to defend men's rights.
Observing videos of mastication in dementia: Results of a clustered randomised controlled trial
Authors: Douma Johanna Gerdine , Vuijk Pieter Jelle , Volkers Karin Mariëlle , Scherder Erik Johan Anton 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine effects of the observation of video‐recorded chewing in a daily setting on mixing ability, cognition, activities of daily living, depressive symptoms and quality of life of older adults with dementia.MethodsA clustered randomised controlled trial was carried out with residents from 14 residential care facilities. n = 56 participants' data were analysed. An experimental group watched videos of people chewing, displayed on tablet‐PCs during lunch, while a control group watched videos of nature and buildings. This was scheduled to take place 5 days a week for 12 weeks. A two‐colour chewing gum test was used to measure mixing ability, neuropsychological tests for cognition and questionnaires for the other outcomes. Effects were examined via hierarchical linear mixed model analyses for T1–T3 (i.e. pre‐, halfway and post‐intervention). When a significant interaction effect was found, T4 (follow‐up) was also included.ResultsThe experimental (n = 27) and control (n = 28) groups differed on a few variables at baseline. A significant Time*Group interaction effect was found for the Mini‐Mental State Examination only (b = 1.18, t(48.35) = 2.53, p = .015), in favour of the experimental group. A significant effect was also found, albeit smaller, when T4 was included.ConclusionOne potential reason for the intervention effect on cognition is activation of specific brain areas. Some challenges associated with conducting this intervention in a daily setting are presented. Further research is required before a well‐considered decision can be made regarding any potential implementation.Trial RegistrationNumber: NTR5124. Date of registration: 30 March 2015, retrospectively registered (during participant inclusion).
Melatonin improves cholestatic liver disease via the gut‐liver axis
Authors: Liu Xianjiao , Li Jinyan , Shi Mengdie , Fu Jun , Wang Yubo , Kang Weili , Liu Jinyan , Zhu Fenxia , Huang Kehe , Chen Xingxiang , Liu Yunhuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCholestatic liver disease is characterized by disturbances in the intestinal microbiota and excessive accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver. Melatonin (MT) can improve liver diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of MT on hepatic BA synthesis, liver injury, and fibrosis in 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐fed and Mdr2–/– mice. MT significantly improved hepatic injury and fibrosis with a significant decrease in hepatic BA accumulation in DDC‐fed and Mdr2–/– mice. MT reprogramed gut microbiota and augmented fecal bile salt hydrolase activity, which was related to increasing intestinal BA deconjugation and fecal BA excretion in both DDC‐fed and Mdr2–/– mice. MT significantly activated the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF‐15) axis and subsequently inhibited hepatic BA synthesis in DDC‐fed and Mdr2–/– mice. MT failed to improve DDC‐induced liver fibrosis and BA synthesis in antibiotic‐treated mice. Furthermore, MT provided protection against DDC‐induced liver injury and fibrosis in fecal microbiota transplantation mice. MT did not decrease liver injury and fibrosis in DDC‐fed intestinal epithelial cell‐specific FXR knockout mice, suggesting that the intestinal FXR mediated the anti‐fibrosis effect of MT. In conclusion, MT ameliorates cholestatic liver diseases by remodeling gut microbiota and activating intestinal FXR/FGF‐15 axis‐mediated inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis and promotion of BA excretion in mice.
Guava fibre characterization and effects on digestibility, fermentation products, gastrointestinal transit time and palatability of dry diets for dogs
Authors: Monti Mariana , Loureiro Bruna A. , Pedreira Raquel Silveira , Mendonça Fernanda S. , Putarov Thaila C. , Villaverde Cecilia , Carciofi Aulus Cavalieri 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of fruit fibres as a way of reusing industrial waste is attractive and necessary, increasing the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of the industry. This study characterized guava fibre as a fibrous ingredient and evaluated its effects when included in extruded diets for dogs on nutrient digestibility, faecal traits, fermentation products, gastrointestinal transit time and palatability. Four diets were formulated: CO (control diet, no fibrous ingredients added), GF3 (3% guava fibre), GF6 (6% guava fibre) and GF12 (12% guava fibre). The guava fibre was added to diets in replacement of maize, with small adjustments in the other ingredients to ensure similar contents of protein and fat. The diets were fed to 24 adult Beagle dogs (6 per diet) during 15 days for adaptation followed by 15 days for assessment of digestibility, fermentation end products and gastrointestinal transit time. The palatability of G6 and G12 treatments was evaluated against the CO by the two‐pan test. Results were compared by analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts according to the guava fibre inclusion level (p < 0.05). The addition of guava fibre did not change nutrient intake except for the increase on dietary fibre (p < 0.001). Fibre inclusion resulted in a quadratic reduction in total tract apparent digestibility for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude energy (p < 0.001), and on the metabolizable energy content of the foods (p < 0.001). Guava fibre addition did not change the faecal concentration of ammonia, lactic acid, faecal pH and branched chain fatty acids but it decreased acetic and propionic acids concentration (p < 0.01). The inclusion of 12% guava fibre did result in a faster transit time (p = 0.046) compared to the control diet. Guava fibre can be characterized as a novel insoluble non‐fermentable fibre source that could be safely used in levels up to 12% in canine extruded diets.
How age and sex affect treatment outcomes for children with severe malnutrition: A multi‐country secondary data analysis
Authors: Thurstans Susan , Opondo Charles , Bailey Jeanette , Stobaugh Heather , Loddo Fabrizio , Wrottesley Stephanie V. , Seal Andy , Myatt Mark , Briend André , Garenne Michel , Mertens Andrew , Wells Jonathan , Sear Rebecca , Kerac Marko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAge and sex influence the risk of childhood wasting. We aimed to determine if wasting treatment outcomes differ by age and sex in children under 5 years, enroled in therapeutic and supplementary feeding programmes. Utilising data from stage 1 of the ComPAS trial, we used logistic regression to assess the association between age, sex and wasting treatment outcomes (recovery, death, default, non‐response, and transfer), modelling the likelihood of recovery versus all other outcomes. We used linear regression to calculate differences in mean length of stay (LOS) and mean daily weight gain by age and sex. Data from 6929 children from Kenya, Chad, Yemen and South Sudan was analysed. Girls in therapeutic feeding programmes were less likely to recover than boys (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.97, p = 0.018). This association was statistically significant in Chad (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95, p = 0.030) and Yemen (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27–0.81, p = 0.006), but not in Kenya and South Sudan. Multinomial analysis, however, showed no difference in recovery between sexes. There was no difference between sexes for LOS, but older children (24–59 months) had a shorter mean LOS than younger children (6–23 months). Mean daily weight gain was consistently lower in boys compared with girls. We found few differences in wasting treatment outcomes by sex and age. The results do not indicate a need to change current programme inclusion requirements or treatment protocols on the basis of sex or age, but future research in other settings should continue to investigate the aetiology of differences in recovery and implications for treatment protocols.
Genomic landscape of introgression from the ghost lineage in a gobiid fish uncovers the generality of forces shaping hybrid genomes
Authors: Kato Shuya , Arakaki Seiji , Nagano Atsushi J. , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Hirase Shotaro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExtinct lineages can leave legacies in the genomes of extant lineages through ancient introgressive hybridization. The patterns of genomic survival of these extinct lineages provide insight into the role of extinct lineages in current biodiversity. However, our understanding on the genomic landscape of introgression from extinct lineages remains limited due to challenges associated with locating the traces of unsampled ‘ghost’ extinct lineages without ancient genomes. Herein, we conducted population genomic analyses on the East China Sea (ECS) lineage of Chaenogobius annularis, which was suspected to have originated from ghost introgression, with the aim of elucidating its genomic origins and characterizing its landscape of introgression. By combining phylogeographic analysis and demographic modelling, we demonstrated that the ECS lineage originated from ancient hybridization with an extinct ghost lineage. Forward simulations based on the estimated demography indicated that the statistic γ of the HyDe analysis can be used to distinguish the differences in local introgression rates in our data. Consistent with introgression between extant organisms, we found reduced introgression from extinct lineage in regions with low recombination rates and with functional importance, thereby suggesting a role of linked selection that has eliminated the extinct lineage in shaping the hybrid genome. Moreover, we identified enrichment of repetitive elements in regions associated with ghost introgression, which was hitherto little known but was also observed in the re‐analysis of published data on introgression between extant organisms. Overall, our findings underscore the unexpected similarities in the characteristics of introgression landscapes across different taxa, even in cases of ghost introgression.
Demonstration of differential ventricular overdrive pacing during long RP’ supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Nagase Masaru , Nakashima Takashi , Nakatani Yosuke , Vlachos Konstantinos , Morimoto Mikihito , Shibahara Taro , Ono Daiju , Yamada Takehiro , Suzuki Keita , Yamaura Makoto , Ido Takahisa , Takahashi Shigekiyo , Aoyama Takuma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe described the differential ventricular overdrive pacing during long RP' supraventricular tachycardia and discussed about its response leading to the dianosis.
Theoretical insights into the photophysics of an unnatural base Z: A MS‐CASPT2 investigation
Authors: Chen Xin‐Rui , Jiang Wen‐Jun , Guo Qian‐Hong , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Cui Ganglong , Li Laicai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe have employed the highly accurate multistate complete active space second‐order perturbation theory (MS‐CASPT2) method to investigate the photoinduced excited state relaxation properties of one unnatural base, namely Z. Upon excitation to the S2 state of Z, the internal conversion to the S1 state would be dominant. From the S1 state, two intersystem crossing paths leading to the T2 and T1 states and one internal conversion path to the S0 state are possible. However, considering the large barrier to access the S1/S0 conical intersection and the strong spin‐orbit coupling between S1 and T2 states (>40 cm−1), the intersystem crossing to the triplet manifolds is predicted to be more preferred. Arriving at the T2 state, the internal conversion to the T1 state and the intersystem crossing back to the S1 state are both possible considering the S1/T2/T1 three‐state intersection near the T2 minimum. Upon arrival at the T1 state, the deactivation to S0 can be efficient after overcoming a small barrier to access T1/S0 crossing point, where the spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) is as large as 39.7 cm−1. Our present work not only provides in‐depth insights into the photoinduced process of unnatural base Z, but can also help the future design of novel unnatural bases with better photostability.
The impact of electrode selection for ocular correction on the reward positivity and late positive potential components in adolescents
Authors: Pegg Samantha , Dao Anh , Venanzi Lisa , Hill Kaylin , Kujawa Autumn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) data processing to derive event‐related potentials (ERPs) follows a standard set of procedures to maximize signal‐to‐noise ratio. This often includes ocular correction, which corrects for artifacts introduced by eye movements, typically measured by electrooculogram (EOG) using facial electrodes near the eyes. Yet, attaching electrodes to the face may be uncomfortable for some populations, best to avoid in some situations, and contribute to data loss. Eye movements can also be measured using electrodes in a standard 10–20 EEG cap. An examination of the impact of electrode selection on ERPs is needed to inform best practices. The present study examined data quality when using different electrodes to measure eye movements for ocular correction (i.e., facial electrodes, cap electrodes, and no ocular correction) for two well‐established and widely studied ERP components (i.e., reward positivity, RewP; and late positive potential, LPP) elicited in adolescents (N = 34). Results revealed comparable split‐half reliability and standardized measurement error (SME) between facial and cap electrode approaches, with lower SME for the RewP with facial or cap electrodes compared to no ocular correction. Few significant differences in mean amplitude of ERPs were observed, but the LPP to positive images differed when using facial compared to cap electrodes. Findings provide preliminary evidence of the ability to collect high‐quality ERP data without facial electrodes. However, when using cap electrodes for EOG measurement and ocular correction, it is recommended to use consistent procedures across the sample or statistically examine the impact of ocular correction procedures on results.
The desirability bias in personality‐related syllogistic reasoning
Authors: Hadžiahmetović Nina , Opačić Goran , Teovanović Predrag , Kolenović‐Đapo Jadranka 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe belief‐bias effect is a tendency to evaluate syllogistic statements based on believability rather than on formal logic validity. Following this rationale, the study examines desirability bias as the tendency to evaluate syllogistic conclusions based on their desirability when reasoning is conducted on personality‐relevant categorical syllogisms.MethodsFor this purpose, 60 syllogisms were constructed based on the items of the Big Five questionnaire. Syllogisms were subsequently categorized as desirable (e.g., “I empathize with others”) and undesirable (e.g., “I am passive”) based on their conclusion. In each task, the second premise and the conclusion were formulated in the first person to increase a respondent's identification with the content. A total of 300 university students (Mage = 20.08, SD = 2.02) participated in the study.ResultsA 2 (syllogism validity: valid, invalid) × 2 (syllogism desirability: desirable, undesirable) repeated measures ANOVA was employed. The analysis showed a greater tendency to accept desirable conclusions on valid syllogisms (valid desirable rather than valid undesirable) and reject undesirable conclusions on invalid syllogisms (invalid undesirable rather than invalid desirable).ConclusionThese findings have implications for socially desirable responding in cognitive tasks, which may be further developed as a source of self‐relevant content as well as for further extension of belief bias in the form of desirability bias.
Nonparametric conditional mean testing via an extreme‐type statistic in high dimension
Authors: Liu Yiming , Pan Guangming , Yang Guangren , Zhou Wang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe propose a new test to investigate the conditional mean dependence between a response variable and the corresponding covariates in the high‐dimensional regimes. The test statistic is an extreme‐type one built on the nonparametric method. The limiting null distribution of the proposed extreme type statistic under a mild mixing condition is established. Moreover, to make the test more powerful in general structures we propose a more general test statistic and develop its asymptotic properties. The power analysis of both methods is also considered. In real data analysis, we also propose a new way to conduct the feature screening based on our results. To evaluate the performance of our estimators and other methods, extensive simulations are conducted.
Canine cutaneous lupus erythematosus with prominent interdigital lesions in two greyhounds
Authors: Wyatt Eleanor K. , Schmidt Vanessa , Legnani Sara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCanine cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) is a well‐described, yet uncommon, autoimmune disease which can present clinically with different variants. This case report describes the clinical and histopathological presentation, and treatment response, of CCLE affecting a novel location, the interdigital skin, in two unrelated greyhounds.
Diagnosis of traumatic urethral stricture in a canine patient with contrast‐enhanced voiding urosonography : A case report
Authors: Trikoupi Georgia , Papadopoulou Paraskevi , Adamama‐Moraitou Katerina , Papazoglou Lysimachos 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA 5‐year‐old intact male mixed‐breed dog presented with a 3‐day history of stranguria and dysuria. Results of physical examination, plain radiographs, and ultrasonography were consistent with a traumatic urethral stricture in the prescrotal urethra just under the previous trauma region, resulting in partial obstruction of urine outflow. Contrast‐enhanced voiding urosonography (CE‐VUS) was performed, and a urethral stricture was confirmed. The dog underwent surgery. A scrotal urethrostomy was performed. After 3 days of hospitalization, the dog was discharged from the Clinic. Based on an extensive literature review, this is the first report using CE‐VUS to evaluate urethral pathology in a canine patient.