bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astragaloside IV Protects Against IL-1β-Induced Chondrocyte Damage via Activating Autophagy
Authors: Xu Hang , Jing-Bo Wang , Chen Yue-Ping , Huang Wei , Wei Zong-Bo 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that
affects the articular cartilage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) constitutes the primary active
component of the Chinese herbal medicine Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici). AS-IV
demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic attributes, exhibiting therapeutic
potential across various inflammatory and apoptosis-related disorders. Nevertheless,
its pharmaceutical effects in OA are yet to be fully defined.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the protective impact of AS-IV on rat
chondrocytes treated with IL-1β and ascertain whether autophagy plays a role in this
effect.

Methods:
Chondrocytes were isolated and cultivated from the knee joints of neonatal
SD mice. The study included the blank control group, the model group, and the AS-IV
concentration gradient group (50, 100, 200 µmol/L) to intervene with chondrocytes.
The MTT assay was employed to assess cell viability at varying culture periods,
enabling the determination of suitable concentration and duration. Subsequently,
chondrocytes were treated with the optimal AS-IV concentration and divided into three
groups: the model group replicated IL-1β-induced inflammatory chondrocyte injury, the
AS-IV group received a co-culture of AS-IV and IL-1β, and a blank control group was
established. Changes in cell morphology and structure were observed using ghost pen
cyclic peptide staining. ELISA was used to measure TNF-α and GAG levels in cell
supernatants. RT-qPCR assessed p62 and LC3 mRNA expression, while Western Blot
evaluated p62 and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein expression.

Results:
AS-IV promoted chondrocyte proliferation and concurrently inhibited cell
apoptosis. An optimal AS-IV dose of 200 µmol/L and a suitable reaction time of 48 h
were identified. Ghost pen cyclic peptide staining indicated that the model group's
cytoskeleton exhibited fusiform changes with reduced immunofluorescence intensity,
as opposed to the blank control group. The AS-IV group displayed more polygonal
cytoskeletal morphology with increased immunofluorescence intensity. AS-IV reduced
TNF-α levels and elevated GAG levels in the culture supernatant. Additionally, AS-IV
lowered p62 mRNA and protein expression while increasing LC3 mRNA expression in
cultured chondrocytes.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that AS-IV mitigates inflammatory chondrocyte
injury, safeguarding chondrocytes through a potential autophagy suppression
mechanism. These results imply that AS-IV could offer preventive advantages for OA.
The Roles of Autophagy-related miRNAs in Gynecologic Tumors:
A Review of Current Knowledge for Possible Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Mahya , Faridzadeh Arezoo , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: October 2023

:
Gynecological cancers are the leading cause of malignancy-related death
and disability in the world. These cancers are diagnosed at end stages, and
unfortunately, the standard therapeutic strategies available for the treatment of
affected women [including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery] are not safe and
effective enough. Moreover, the unwanted side-effects lowering the patients' life quality
is another problem for these therapies. Therefore, researchers should search for better
alternative/complementary treatments. The involvement of autophagy in the
pathogenesis of various cancers has been demonstrated. Recently, a novel crosstalk
between microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs with important regulatory functions, and
autophagy machinery has been highlighted. In this review, we indicate the importance
of this interaction for targeted therapy in the treatment of cancers including
gynecological cancers, with a focus on underlying mechanisms.
Smurf2-Mediated Ubiquitination of FOXO4 Regulates Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-induced Pyroptosis of Cortical Neurons
Authors: Yan Bin , Jin Yan , Mao Song , Zhang Yi , Yang Dahong , Du Mingyang , Yin Yugang 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) has been observed to
alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study sought to explore the molecular mechanism of
Smurf2-mediated forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) ubiquitination in oxygen-glucose deprivation/
reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced pyroptosis of cortical neurons.

Methods:
Human cortical neurons (HCN-2) were subjected to OGD/R to establish a cell model
of cerebral stroke. Smurf2, FOXO4, and doublecortin domain containing 2 (DCDC2) expressions
were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. LDH release, pyroptosis-related proteins
NLRP3, GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase-3, as well as inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18,
were assessed by LDH assay kit, Western blot, and ELISA. The ubiquitination level of FOXO4
was determined by ubiquitination assay. The bindings of Smurf2 to FOXO4 and FOXO4 to
DCDC2 were testified by Co-IP, ChIP, and dual-luciferase assays. Rescue experiments were
designed to validate the role of FOXO4/DCDC2 in the pyroptosis of HCN-2 cells.

Results:
Smurf2 was weakly expressed, while FOXO4 and DCDC2 were prominently expressed
in OGD/R-treated HCN-2 cells. Smurf2 overexpression promoted LDH release, reduced
NLRP3, GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins, and decreased IL-1β and IL-18 concentrations.
Sumrf2 improved the ubiquitination level of FOXO4 to downregulate its protein level.
FOXO4 is bound to the DCDC2 promoter to facilitate its transcription. Overexpression of
FOXO4 or DCDC2 reversed the inhibition of Smurf2 overexpression on pyroptosis of OGD/Rtreated
HCN-2 cells.

Conclusion:
Smurf2 overexpression facilitated the ubiquitination of FOXO4 to reduce its protein
level, thereby suppressing DCDC2 transcription and restricting OGD/R-induced pyroptosis
of cortical neurons.
Hybrid PET/MRI with Flutemetamol and FDG in Alzheimer's Disease
Clinical Continuum
Authors: Atay Lutfiye Ozlem , Saka Esen , Akdemir Umit Ozgur , Yetim Ezgi , Balcı Erdem , Arsava Ethem Murat , Topcuoglu Mehmet Akif 
Published: October 2023

Aims:
We aimed to investigate the interaction between β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation
and cerebral glucose metabolism, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral structural changes in the Alzheimer's
disease (AD) clinical continuum.

Background:
Utility of positron emission tomography (PET) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
hybrid imaging for diagnostic categorization of the AD clinical continuum including subjective
cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease
dementia (ADD) has not been fully crystallized.

Objective:
To evaluate the interaction between Aβ accumulation and cerebral glucose metabolism,
cerebral perfusion, and cerebral structural changes such as cortex thickness or cerebral white matter
disease burden and to detect the discriminative yields of these imaging modalities in the AD clinical
continuum.

Methods:
Fifty patients (20 women and 30 men; median age: 64 years) with clinical SCD (n=11),
aMCI (n=17) and ADD (n=22) underwent PET/MRI with [18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and [18F]-
Flutemetamol in addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF) and quantitative structural imaging along
with detailed cognitive assessment.

Results:
High Aβ deposition (increased temporal [18F]-Flutemetamol standardized uptake value
ratio (SUVr) and centiloid score), low glucose metabolism (decreased temporal lobe and posterior
cingulate [18F]-FDG SUVr), low parietal CBF and right hemispheric cortical thickness were independent
predictors of low cognitive test performance.

Conclusion:
Integrated use of structural, metabolic, molecular (Aβ) and perfusion (CBF) parameters
contribute to the discrimination of SCD, aMCI, and ADD.
Diverse Pharmacological Potential of different Substituted Pyrazole
Derivatives
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Almehmadi Mazen , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Allahyani Mamdouh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has been a topic of research interest. Some five-membered heterocyclic compounds have been the subject of extensive research due to their different types of pharmacological effects. The five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives have a lot of interest in the fields of medical and agricultural chemistry due to their diverse spectrum of therapeutic activities. Various substituted pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone compounds exhibited diverse pharmacological effects like Anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, anti-di-abetic, diuretic, anti-depressant, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-leishmanial, antidiabetic, and antiviral, etc. In recent decades, the synthesis of numerous pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives by different synthetic methods as well as research into their chemical and biological behavior have become more important. This review focuses on synthetic methods of the pyrazole, pyrazoline, and pyrazolone derivatives, which have significant biological properties and a variety of applications.
Medicinal Attributes of Pyrazoline in Drug Discovery
Authors: Arora Disha , Singh Jyoti , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: October 2023

:
Pyrazoline are structurally versatile nitrogen-containing heterocycle that has gained more
attention owing to its diversified pharmacological activities. This special scaffold serves as a fundamental
component in a variety of bioactive chemicals, enabling the creation of new molecules with
advantageous biological functions. The present review paper provides a summary of diversified
pharmacological activities in particular, anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidepressant,
anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, anti-amoebic, antischistosomal,
insecticidal, hypotensive, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-trypanosomal activity. This
review also presents numerous simple synthetic techniques for the preparation of pyrazolines and
also highlights the applicability of pyrazoline in drug discovery.
Recent Updates on Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Posterior Segment
Diseases with Emphasis on Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Parashar Ravi , Vyas Amber , Sah Abhishek K. , Hemnani Narayan , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Suresh Preeti K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
: In recent years, various conventional formulations have been used for the treatment
and/or management of ocular medical conditions. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular disease
of the retina, remains the leading cause of visual disability in patients with diabetes. Currently,
for treating diabetic retinopathy, only intraocular, intravitreal, periocular injections, and laser
photocoagulation are widely used. Frequent administration of these drugs by injections may lead
to serious complications, including retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. Although conventional ophthalmic formulations like eye drops, ointments, and suspensions are available globally,
these formulations fail to achieve optimum drug therapeutic profile due to immediate nasolacrimal drainage, rapid tearing, and systemic tearing toxicity of the drugs. To achieve better therapeutic outcomes with prolonged release of the therapeutic agents, nano-drug delivery materials
have been investigated. These nanocarriers include nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), dendrimers, nanofibers, in-situ gel, vesicular carriers, niosomes, and mucoadhesive systems, among others. The nanocarriers carry the potential
benefits of site-specific delivery and controlled and sustained drug release profile. In the present
article, various nanomaterials explored for treating diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.
Fluorinated Diaryl Sulfonamides: Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and
In Vitro Validation as New CETP Inhibitors
Authors: Khalaf Reema Abu , Shalluf Azhar , Habash Maha 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Hyperlipidemia, a cardiovascular disease risk factor, is characterized
by a rise in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol, and a decrease in
high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) enables the transfer
of cholesteryl ester from HDL to LDL and very low-density lipoprotein.

Objective:
CETP inhibition is a promising approach to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
By inhibiting lipid transport activity, it increases HDL levels and decreases LDL levels.

Materials and Method:
Herein, diaryl sulfonamides 6a-6g and 7a-7g were prepared, and the
structure of these compounds was fully determined using different spectroscopic techniques.

Results:
These compounds underwent biological evaluation in vitro and showed different inhibitory
activities against CETP; 100% inhibitory activity was observed for compounds 7a-7g,
while activities of compounds 6a-6g ranged up to 42.6% at 10 μM concentration. Pharmacophore
mapping agreed with the bioassay results where the four aromatic ring compounds 7a-7g
possessed higher fit values against Hypo4/8 and the shape-complemented Hypo4/8 in comparison
to compounds 6a-6g.

Conclusion:
Docking of the synthesized compounds using libdock and ligandfit engines revealed
that compounds 7a-7g formed п-п stacking and hydrophobic interactions with the binding
pocket, while compounds 6a-6g missed these hydrophobic interactions with amino acids
Leu206, Phe265, and Phe263.
Global Trends of Treatment for NAFLD from 2012 to 2021: A Bibliometric
and Mapping Analysis
Authors: Song Yuling , Chen Boru , Jiang Lu , Zhao Fangkun , Feng Xiuqin 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The present study aimed to map publication trends and explore research hotspots of treatment for NAFLD study by bibliometric analysis.

Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multi-system metabolic disorder involving the liver. Thousands of papers have been published on the treatment of NAFLD, but no comprehensive statistical and intuitive analysis has been made. The present study aimed to map publication trends and explore research hotspots of treatment for NAFLD study by biblio-metric analysis.

Objective:
(1) the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the possible treatment mechanism; (2) preva-lence, risk factors, and traditional therapies for NAFLD; (3) frontier therapies for NAFLD. Method; This paper conducted a bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science Core Col-lection (WoSCC). The knowledge map was constructed by VOS viewer v.1.6.10 to visualize the annual publication number, the distribution of countries, international collaborations, author productivity, source journals, cited references, and keywords in this field.

Results:
From 2012 to 2021, 2,437 peer-reviewed publications on the treatment of NAFLD were retrieved. China contributed the most publications, while the United States received the most citations. Journal of Hepatology was the most prolific journal in this field. Prof. Rohit Loomba.

Conclusion:
Our study provides a comprehensive and objective analysis of NAFLD treatment that allows researchers to quickly locate research hotspots in a large number of relevant litera-tures. Meanwhile, it may also provide valuable information for researchers looking for potential partners and institutions.
Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation of the
Effects of Silybin on Proliferation, Migration, and Immunotherapy of
Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Xie Wenjun , Li Huashui , Lin Qiang , Ke Naizhuo 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
The study aimed to use network pharmacology research and in vitro experiments
to investigate the material basis and molecular mechanisms of silybin in the treatment of papillary
thyroid carcinoma.

Background:
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has a decent prognosis; however, recurrence and metastasis
are the leading causes of death in patients with PTC. A key research focus in thyroid cancer
treatment is the inhibition of PTC proliferation, invasion, and migration. Silybin, the major active
element in the traditional Chinese herb silymarin, has been used to treat a range of diseases, including
cancer, but no study has been undertaken to determine whether it can help prevent PTC.

Objective:
In this study, we attempted to determine through network pharmacology and in vitro
experiments if silybin inhibits the development of papillary thyroid cancer by inhibiting cell cycle
and invasive migration.

Methods:
To predict the probable targets and underlying mechanisms of silybin against PTC, a
network pharmacology research was performed. In vitro experiments were conducted to further
evaluate silybin's anti-cancer properties and priority targets against PTC.

Results:
The datasets revealed a total of 489 silybin targets acting on PTC, and functional enrichment
analysis suggested that the target genes were enriched in functions and pathways related to
PTC development, invasion, migration, and immunotherapy. By constructing these target PPI networks,
the seven hub genes, fibronectin 1 (FN1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1),
N-cadherin (CDH2), collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1), cyclin D1 (CCND1), AP-1 transcription
factor subunit (JUN), and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) were found. These
hub genes were determined to be highly linked to a worse clinicopathological form, a higher risk of
metastatic recurrence, and a worse prognosis of PTC. The common immunological checkpoint
gene expression levels were positively correlated with the expression levels of the hub genes. Silybin
decreased the proliferative and metastatic capacity of PTC cells, according to in vitro investigations.
When PTC was treated with silybin, the FN1/AKT signaling pathway was blocked,
CCND1 expression was reduced, and CDH2, Vimentin, Snail, Slug and PD-L1 expressions were
dramatically reduced, while E-cadherin expression was significantly elevated.

Conclusion:
These findings provide preliminary evidence that silybin inhibits PTC cell proliferation,
metastasis, and invasion by altering the FN1/AKT signaling pathway and inhibiting the EMT
process. Silybin can reverse immunosuppression in papillary thyroid cancer by affecting immunological
checkpoint gene expression levels. These studies provide a theoretical and experimental
scientific basis for the potential anticancer effects of silybin on PTC.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State: Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Majiya Hussaini , Aliyu-Paiko Mohammed , Balogu Vincent Tochukwu , Musa Dickson Achimugu , Salihu Ibrahim Maikudi , Kawu Abdullahi Abubakar , Bashir Ishaku Yakubu , Sani Aishat Rabiu , Baba John , Muhammad Amina Tako , Jibril Fatimah Ladidi , Bala Ezekiel , Obaje Nuhu George , Aliyu Yahaya Badeggi , Muhammad Ramatu Gogo , Mohammed Hadiza , Gimba Usman Naji , Uthman Abduljelili , Liman Hadiza Muhammad , Alhaji Sule Alfa , James Joseph Kolo , Makusidi Muhammad Muhammad , Isah Mohammed Danasabe , Abdullahi Ibrahim , Ndagi Umar , Waziri Bala , Bisallah Chindo Ibrahim , Dadi-Mamud Naomi John , Ibrahim Kolo , Adamu Abu Kasim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is causing ongoing human and socioeconomic losses.

Objective
To know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design and clustered, stratified random sampling strategy were used to select 185 test participants across the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM rapid test kits (colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to the virus in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State from June 26 to 30, 2020. The test kits were validated using the blood samples of some of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control–confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM test results were entered into the Epi Info questionnaire administered simultaneously with each test. Epi Info was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean and percentage, odds ratio, χ2 statistic, and regression at a 95% CI of the data generated.

Results
The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State was found to be 25.4% (47/185) and 2.2% (4/185) for the positive IgG and IgM results, respectively. Seroprevalence among age groups, genders, and occupations varied widely. The COVID-19 asymptomatic rate in the state was found to be 46.8% (22/47). The risk analyses showed that the chances of infection are almost the same for both urban and rural dwellers in the state. However, health care workers, those who experienced flulike symptoms, and those who had contact with a person who traveled out of Nigeria in the last 6 months (February to June 2020) were at double the risk of being infected with the virus. More than half (101/185, 54.6%) of the participants in this study did not practice social distancing at any time since the pandemic started. Participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 are also discussed.

Conclusions
The observed Niger State SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection patterns meansuggest that the virus has widely spread, far more SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred than the reported cases, and there is a high asymptomatic COVID-19 rate across the state.
Older Adults’ Trust and Distrust in COVID-19 Public Health Information: Qualitative Critical Incident Study
Authors: Shiroma Kristina , Zimmerman Tara , Xie Bo , Fleischmann Kenneth R , Rich Kate , Lee Min Kyung , Verma Nitin , Jia Chenyan 
Published: October 2023

Background
The COVID-19 infodemic has imposed a disproportionate burden on older adults who face increased challenges in accessing and assessing public health information, but little is known about factors influencing older adults’ trust in public health information during COVID-19.

Objective
This study aims to identify sources that older adults turn to for trusted COVID-19 public health information and factors that influence their trust. In addition, we explore the relationship between public health information sources and trust factors.

Methods
Adults aged 65 years or older (N=30; mean age 71.6, SD 5.57; range 65-84 years) were recruited using Prime Panels. Semistructured phone interviews, guided by critical incident technique, were conducted in October and November 2020. Participants were asked about their sources of COVID-19 public health information, the trustworthiness of that information, and factors influencing their trust. Interview data were examined with thematic analysis.

Results
Mass media, known individuals, and the internet were the older adults’ main sources for COVID-19 public health information. Although they used social media for entertainment and personal communication, the older adults actively avoided accessing or sharing COVID-19 information on social media. Factors influencing their trust in COVID-19 public health information included confirmation bias, personal research, resigned acceptance, and personal relevance.

Conclusions
These findings shed light on older adults’ use of information sources and their criteria for evaluating the trustworthiness of public health information during a pandemic. They have implications for the future development of effective public health communication, policies, and interventions for older adults during health crises.