bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospray mass and tandem mass spectrometry of homologous and isomeric singly, doubly, triply and quadruply charged cationic ruthenated meso‐(phenyl)m‐(meta‐ and para‐pyridyl)n (m + n = 4) macrocyclic porphyrin complexes
Authors: Tomazela Daniela M. , Gozzo Fabio C. , Mayer Ildemar , Engelmann Fábio M. , Araki Koiti , Toma Henrique E. , Eberlin Marcos N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTen homologous or isomeric singly, doubly, triply and quadruply charged cationic macrocyclic complexes I–Va, bn+ (n = 1–4) formed by the coordination of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ to the pyridyl N‐atoms of a series of meso‐(phenyl)m‐(meta or para‐pyridyl)n‐porphyrins (m + n = 4) were transferred to the gas phase and structurally characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass (MS) and tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry. Previously known to be stable in solution and in the solid state, I–Va, bn+ are found to constitute also a new class of stable, long‐lived multiply charged gas‐phase ions with spatially separated charge sites. Increasing intramolecular electrostatic repulsion from Ia, b+ to IVa, b3+ facilitates in‐source and tandem collision‐induced dissociation (CID). However, for the quadruply charged ions Va, b4+, electrostatic repulsion is alleviated mainly by ion pairing with the CF3SO3− counterion forming the salt clusters [Va,b/CF3SO3]3+ and [Va,b/(CF3SO3)2]2+ with reduced charge states. Ion‐pairing that yields [IVa,b/CF3SO3]2+ is also observed as a minor ESI process for the triply charged ions IVa, b3+. The gaseous ions I–Va, bn+ (n = 2, 3 or 4) dissociate by sequential ‘charge partitioning’ with the formation of two cationic fragments by the release of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+. The meta (a) and para (b) isomers and the positional isomers II2+ and III2+ display nearly identical ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS spectra. ESI‐MS/MS of I–Va, bn+ shows that the Rupy(P) is, intrinsically, the weakest bond since this bond breaks preferentially upon CID. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐free infrared soft laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Rousell David J. , Dutta Sucharita M. , Little Mark W. , Murray Kermit K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInfrared soft laser desorption/ionization was performed using a 2.94 µm Er : YAG laser and a commercial reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The instrument was modified so that a 337 nm nitrogen laser could be used concurrently with the IR laser to interrogate samples. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser desorption/ionization and desorption/ionization on silicon with UV and IR lasers were compared. Various target materials were tested for IR soft desorption ionization, including stainless steel, aluminum, copper, silicon, porous silicon and polyethylene. Silicon surfaces gave the best performance in terms of signal level and low‐mass interference. The internal energy resultant of the desorption/ionization was assessed using the easily fragmented vitamin B12 molecule. IR ionization produced more analyte fragmentation than UV‐MALDI analysis. Fragmentation from matrix‐free IR desorption from silicon was comparable to that from IR‐MALDI. The results are interpreted as soft laser desorption and ionization resulting from the absorption of the IR laser energy by the analyte and associated solvent molecules. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Off‐line capillary electrophoresis/fully automated nanoelectrospray chip quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for glycoconjugate analysis
Authors: Bindila Laura , Almeida Reinaldo , Sterling Alistair , Allen Mark , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna , Zamfir Alina 
Published: October 2004

AbstractImplementation and optimization of an off‐line capillary electrophoresis (CE)/(−)nanoESIchip‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem MS system for compositional mapping and structural investigation of components in complex carbohydrate mixtures is described. The approach was developed for glycoscreening and applied to O‐glycosylated peptides from urine of a patient suffering from α‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase deficiency, known as Schindler's disease. The fundamental issue of sensitivity, previously representing a serious drawback of the off‐line CE/MS analysis, could be positively addressed by the off‐line conjunction of CE with automated chip‐based ESI‐QTOF‐MS to provide flexibility for CE/chip MS coupling and enhance structural elucidation of single components in heterogeneous mixtures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ternary Conjugates as a Result of Exchange Reactions Between Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Surfactants: Formation and Stability
Authors: Zintchenko Arkadi , Koňák Čestmir 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSummary: The exchange of sodium polymethacrylate (Na‐PMA) for anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in a polyelectrolyte complex of Na‐PMA and poly(L‐lysine) (PLL) was studied by light scattering techniques. The exchange reaction proceeds inside the complex particles without any aggregation. It causes swelling of the particles and the formation of thick polymer shell around them. In order to prove the formation of the shell, the colloidal stability of the particles in salt solutions was studied. The addition of SDS to a complex solution dramatically increases colloid stability. The stability was found to be independent of the mixing ratio of the initial complex, depending only on the molecular weight of Na‐PMA and slowly decreasing with time. The mechanism of the exchange reaction was proposed. The addition of SDS causes fast substitution of charged units of Na‐PMA for surfactant molecules in the complex and formation of the PLL/SDS complex stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aliphatic chains of SDS. The Na‐PMA chains cannot be released sufficiently fast from the particles due to entanglements of the chains inside the particles. They build a thick stabilizing shell around the particles and lead to their swelling. This shell protects the particles against coagulation at relatively high salt concentrations. However, such state of the particles does not correspond to thermodynamic equilibrium. Na‐PMA is very slowly released from the particles, decreasing the density of stabilizing shell and stability of the particles in salt solutions. The possible application of ternary conjugates in drug delivery is discussed.Schematic representation of changes in structure and stability of Na‐PMA/PLL complex particles upon the exchange of polyanion Na‐PMA for negatively charged surfactant SDS.magnified imageSchematic representation of changes in structure and stability of Na‐PMA/PLL complex particles upon the exchange of polyanion Na‐PMA for negatively charged surfactant SDS.
Compactness under constructive scrutiny
Authors: Ishihara Hajime , Schuster Peter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHow are the various classically equivalent definitions of compactness for metric spaces constructively interrelated? This question is addressed with Bishop‐style constructive mathematics as the basic system – that is, the underlying logic is the intuitionistic one enriched with the principle of dependent choices. Besides surveying today's knowledge, the consequences and equivalents of several sequential notions of compactness are investigated. For instance, we establish the perhaps unexpected constructive implication that every sequentially compact separable metric space is totally bounded. As a by‐product, the fan theorem for detachable bars of the complete binary fan proves to be necessary for the unit interval possessing the Heine‐Borel property for coverings by countably many possibly empty open balls. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the complexity of finding paths in a two‐dimensional domain I: Shortest paths
Authors: Chou Arthur W. , Ko Ker‐I 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe computational complexity of finding a shortest path in a two‐dimensional domain is studied in the Turing machine‐based computational model and in the discrete complexity theory. This problem is studied with respect to two formulations of polynomial‐time computable two‐dimensional domains: (A) domains with polynomialtime computable boundaries, and (B) polynomial‐time recognizable domains with polynomial‐time computable distance functions. It is proved that the shortest path problem has the polynomial‐space upper bound for domains of both type (A) and type (B); and it has a polynomial‐space lower bound for the domains of type (B), and has a #P lower bound for the domains of type (A). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Functional interpretation and the existence property
Authors: Frovin Jørgensen Klaus 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIt is shown that functional interpretation can be used to show the existence property of intuitionistic number theory. On the basis of truth variants a comparison is then made between realisability and functional interpretation showing a structural difference between the two. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Herbrandizing search problems in Bounded Arithmetic
Authors: Hanika Jiří 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe study search problems and reducibilities between them with known or potential relevance to bounded arithmetic theories. Our primary objective is to understand the sets of low complexity consequences (esp. Σb1or Σb2) of theories Si2and Ti2for a smalli, ideally in a rather strong sense of characterization; or, at least, in the standard sense of axiomatization. We also strive for maximum combinatorial simplicity of the characterizations and axiomatizations, eventually sufficient to prove conjectured separation results. To this end two techniques based on the Herbrand's theorem are developed. They characterize/axiomatize Σb1‐consequences of Σb2‐definable search problems, while the method based on the more involved concept of characterization is easier and gives more transparent results. This method yields new proofs of Buss' witnessing theorem and of the relation between PLS and Σb1(T12), and also an axiomatization of Σb1(T22). (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
There is no low maximal d. c. e. degree – Corrigendum
Authors: Arslanov Marat , Cooper S. Barry , Li Angsheng 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe give a corrected proof of an extension of the Robinson Splitting Theorem for the d. c. e. degrees. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recombinant tropomyosin from Penaeus aztecus (rPen a 1) for measurement of specific immuno‐ globulin E antibodies relevant in food allergy to crustaceans and other invertebrates
Authors: DeWitt Åsa Marknell , Mattsson Lars , Lauer Iris , Reese Gerald , Lidholm Jonas 
Published: October 2004

AbstractImmunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergy to crustaceans and mollusks is relatively common and affected individuals typically react to a range of different species. The only known major allergen of shrimp was first described over 20 years ago and later identified as the muscle protein tropomyosin. This protein may be useful as a defined and relevant diagnostic marker for allergic sensitization to invertebrate foods. In order to generate an assay reagent suitable for this purpose, tropomyosin from the shrimp Penaeus aztecus (Pen a 1) was produced as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and characterized with respect to IgE antibody binding properties in comparison to natural shrimp tropomyosin. Hexahistidine‐tagged rPen a 1 accumulated as a predominantly soluble protein in the E. coli expression host and a two‐step chromatographic procedure provided a high yield of pure and homogeneous protein. rPen a 1 displayed chromatographic and folding characteristics similar to those of purified natural shrimp tropomyosin. Serum preincubation with serial protein dilutions revealed similar capacity of recombinant and natural tropomyosin to compete with immobilized shrimp extract for IgE binding. rPen a 1 was further shown to extensively and specifically compete for IgE binding to extracts of other crustacean species, house dust mite and German cockroach.
Immunoglobulin E‐reactivity of wheat‐allergic subjects (baker's asthma, food allergy, wheat‐dependent, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis) to wheat protein fractions with different solubility and digestibility
Authors: Mittag Diana , Niggemann Bodo , Sander Ingrid , Reese Imke , Fiedler Eva‐Maria , Worm Margitta , Vieths Stefan , Reese Gerald 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBaker's asthma, food allergy to wheat, and wheat‐dependent, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) are different clinical forms of wheat allergy. We investigated the correlation of solubility and digestion stability of wheat allergens with the IgE‐reactivity patterns of different patient groups. Three wheat protein fractions were extracted according to their solubility: salt‐soluble albumins and globulins, ethanol‐soluble gliadins, and glutenins soluble only after treatment with detergents and reducing reagents. Sera from subjects with history of each variant of wheat allergy were characterized by CAP FEIA and immunoblotting. There was a high degree of heterogeneity of recognized allergens between the different subject groups as well as within these groups. However, subjects with WDEIA showed similar immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐reactivity patterns to gliadins and especially to a 65 kDa protein. Subjects with baker's asthma as well as the food‐allergic subjects had the most intense IgE‐reactivity to the albumin/globulin fraction. The latter group additionally showed IgE‐reactivity to the other fractions. Divergent results of immunoblotting and CAP‐FEIA demonstrated that the detection of wheat‐specific IgE highly depends on the applied method, thus the diagnostic tool must be carefully chosen. Most wheat allergens were rapidly digested as analyzed by determination of IgE‐reactivity on immunoblots to wheat extracts after simulation of gastric and duodenal digestion. However, ethanol‐soluble gliadins were stable to gastric enzymes and exhibit low solubility in gastric and duodenal fluids. Therefore, they are likely to be important in food allergy to wheat.
Allergy assessment of foods or ingredients derived from biotechnology, gene‐modified organisms, or novel foods
Authors: Poulsen Lars K. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe introduction of novel proteins into foods carries a risk of eliciting allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to the introduced protein and a risk of sensitizing susceptible individuals. No single predictive test exists to perform a hazard assessment in relation to allergenic properties of newly expressed proteins in gene‐modified organisms (GMOs). Instead, performance of a weighted risk analysis based on the decision tree approach has been suggested. The individual steps of this analysis comprise sequence homology to known allergens, specific or targeted serum screens for immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross‐reactions to known allergens, digestability studies of the proteins in simulated gastric and/or intestinal fluids, and animal studies. These steps are discussed and five examples of risk evaluation of GMOs or novel foods are presented. These include ice‐structuring protein derived from fish, microbial transglutaminase, GMO‐soybeans, amylase and the Nangai nut.
Preconditioning strategies for non‐Hermitian Toeplitz linear systems
Authors: Huckle Thomas , Serra‐Capizzano Stefano , Tablino‐Possio Cristina 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and analyse preconditioning strategies for non‐Hermitian Toeplitz linear systems. These techniques used in connection with the GMRES algorithm allow to solve in an optimal way the corresponding linear systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic relationships between singular values of structured matrices similarly generated by different formal expansions of a rational function
Authors: Trench W. F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe define a class of formal expansions ∑ α𝓁z𝓁 of a rational function with at least one non‐zero pole. To distinct formal expansions ∑ α𝓁z𝓁 and ∑ β𝓁z𝓁 in this class we associate structured arrays A=(aij) and B =(bij), defined by aij=∑avα and bij=∑avβ, where q(≠0), p1,…,pk, and τ1,…,τk are integers and a1,…,ak are non‐zero complex constants. We study the asymptotic relationship between the singular values of the matrices (aij) and (bij) as min(hn, kn)→∞. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetric schemes and Hamiltonian perturbations of linear Hamiltonian problems
Authors: Amodio P. , Iavernaro F. , Trigiante D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe analyse the behaviour of symmetric boundary value methods applied to Hamiltonian evolutionary problems. We derive a forward–backward error analysis which allows us to state that the obtained numerical solution may be essentially regarded as the exact solution of a perturbed Hamiltonian problem of the same type as the original one and vice versa. A numerical test emphasizes the theoretical results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newton iterations for a non‐symmetric algebraic Riccati equation
Authors: Lu Lin‐Zhang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe computation of the minimal positive solution of a non‐symmetric algebraic Riccati equation arising in transport theory is considered. It was shown in (SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl, submitted) that this can be done via only computing the minimal positive solution of a vector equation, which is derived from special form of the solutions of the Riccati equation and by exploitation of the special structure of the coefficient matrices of the Riccati equation. In this paper, the Newton method is developed for the vector equation. The Newton method is more simple and efficient than the corresponding Newton method directly for original Riccati equation and can preserve the form that any solution of the Riccati equation must satisfy. Combination of the simple iteration and the Newton iteration is also considered. Numerical examples are given. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast regularized structured total least squares algorithm for solving the basic deconvolution problem
Authors: Mastronardi N. , Lemmerling P. , Van Huffel S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a fast regularized structured total least squares (RSTLS) algorithm for solving the basic deconvolution problem. The algorithm is based on a particular implementation of the generalized Schur algorithm. We apply the new algorithm on a deconvolution problem arising in a medical application in renography. By means of this example, we show that regularization in the structured total least squares framework yields more accurate results compared to other estimators. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myositis complicating viridans streptococcal sepsis in childhood leukemia
Authors: Sandlund John T. , Howard Scott C. , Hijiya Nobuko , Pui Ching‐Hon , Shenep Jerry L. , Adderson Elisabeth E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHematogenous focal infections are a rare complication of bacteremia or sepsis caused by viridans‐group streptococci. We describe two patients with acute leukemia who developed myositis during α‐hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia. Children complaining of severe muscle pain associated with viridans streptococcal infections should be carefully evaluated for the presence of focal pyogenic complications and rhabdomyolysis. The severity of infectious myositis is highly variable, depending on the etiologic organism and host immunity, making individualized treatment the most effective approach. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of patients with Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) using automated data
Authors: Harrold Leslie R. , Andrade Susan E. , Eisner Mark , Buist A. Sonia , Go Alan , Vollmer William M. , Chan K. Arnold , Frazier E. Ann , Weller Peter F. , Wechsler Michael E. , Davis Kourtney J. , Platt Richard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to identify individuals with Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) among asthma drug users, based on patterns of diagnostic and procedural codes (termed ‘algorithms’) contained in automated claims data.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted among patients who had been dispensed asthma drugs at three HMOs. Individuals who received ≥3 dispensings of an asthma drug during any consecutive 12‐month period beginning 1 January 1994 through 20 June 2000 were identified. Information on patient age, gender, enrollment status, asthma drugs dispensed, inpatient and outpatient diagnoses and procedures were obtained from the HMO automated databases. Twelve combinations of diagnostic and billing codes (‘algorithms’) were developed using the claims data to identify potential cases of CSS. Chart reviews blinded to drug exposure were performed using a standardized abstraction form. A rheumatologist reviewed abstracted information on all subjects, and those who met two or more American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for CSS were further reviewed by two clinical experts. Cases were classified as unlikely, possible, or probable/definite CSS. Each clinical expert independently rated the cases; disagreements were resolved by consensus.ResultsA total of 185 604 patients who had been dispensed asthma drugs were identified. Three hundred fifty subjects were selected for chart review, and 15 were classified as having ‘probable/definite’ CSS. The algorithms that were most successful in identifying patients with CSS were as follows: (1) two or more codes for vasculitis (13 confirmed cases from 129 reviewed; positive predictive value 10%); (2) codes for both vasculitis and neurologic symptoms (6 confirmed cases from 15 reviewed; positive predictive value 40%) and (3) codes for both eosinophilia and vasculitis (4 confirmed cases from 5 reviewed; positive predictive value 80%).ConclusionAutomated claims data can be used to identify patients with CSS. This approach can facilitate better epidemiologic study of the risk factors for the condition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a packaging material using non‐bleed‐type antistatic ionomer
Authors: Maki Nobuyuki , Nakano Shigenori , Sasaki Haruo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGenerally, plastics and plastic films are low in moisture absorption and high in electric insulation. They are inherently vulnerable to static charge build‐up, which can result in a variety of problems. We have developed a functional packaging material to solve these static problems, by using a potassium salt of ethylene ionomer, which is a non‐bleed‐type antistatic agent. Good antistatic performance was shown by evaluating a variety of electric characteristics (e.g. the static decay time, ash test and saturated electrostatic charge and half‐life) and surface resistivity. In addition, antistatic performance was achieved on the mLLDPE (non‐treated) side in a multilayer structure. This means that the use of potassium ionomer on any layers in a multilayer structure provides antistatic performance, leading to the expectation of developing a wide variety and diversity of packaging materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on rhomb shoulders in packaging machines
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Jie , Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe mathematical description of a rhomb shoulder is presented, and the equations of the bending curve, the shoulder curved surface and the fringe curve are developed. The round shoulder is also discussed as a special case of rhomb shoulder. To confirm the validity of the present mathematical description, and furthermore to give the modern methods of the design and manufacturing of the shoulder, a 3‐D rhomb shoulder is modelled on computer by using the present mathematical description, and an actual rhomb shoulder is manufactured by rapid manufacturing machine. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.