bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid transformation of wildfire emissions to harmful background aerosol
Authors: Vasilakopoulou Christina N. , Matrali Angeliki , Skyllakou Ksakousti , Georgopoulou Maria , Aktypis Andreas , Florou Kalliopi , Kaltsonoudis Christos , Siouti Evangelia , Kostenidou Evangelia , Błaziak Agata , Nenes Athanasios , Papagiannis Stefanos , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Patoulias David , Kioutsioukis Ioannis , Pandis Spyros N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWildfires are a significant source of organic aerosol during summer, with major impacts on air quality and climate. However, studies in Europe suggest a surprisingly low (less than 10%) contribution of biomass burning organic aerosol to average summertime fine particulate matter levels. In this study we combine field measurements and atmospheric chemical transport modeling, to demonstrate that the contribution of wildfires to fine particle levels in Europe during summer is seriously underestimated. Our work suggests that the corresponding contribution has been underestimated by a factor of 4–7 and that wildfires were responsible for approximately half of the total OA in Europe during July 2022. This discrepancy with previous work is due to the rapid physicochemical transformation of these emissions to secondary oxidized organic aerosol with an accompanying loss of its organic chemical fingerprints. These atmospheric reactions lead to a regionally distributed background organic aerosol that is responsible for a significant fraction of the health-related impacts caused by fine particles in Europe and probably in other continents. These adverse health effects can occur hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the fires. We estimate that wildfire emissions are responsible for 15–22% of the deaths in Europe due to exposure to fine particulate matter during summer.
Classifying and clustering mood disorder patients using smartphone data from a feasibility study
Authors: Langholm Carsten , Breitinger Scott , Gray Lucy , Goes Fernando , Walker Alex , Xiong Ashley , Stopel Cindy , Zandi Peter , Frye Mark A. , Torous John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferentiating between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder can be challenging for clinicians. The diagnostic process might benefit from new ways of monitoring the phenotypes of these disorders. Smartphone data might offer insight in this regard. Today, smartphones collect dense, multimodal data from which behavioral metrics can be derived. Distinct patterns in these metrics have the potential to differentiate the two conditions. To examine the feasibility of smartphone-based phenotyping, two study sites (Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins University) recruited patients with bipolar I disorder (BPI), bipolar II disorder (BPII), major depressive disorder (MDD), and undiagnosed controls for a 12-week observational study. On their smartphones, study participants used a digital phenotyping app (mindLAMP) for data collection. While in use, mindLAMP gathered real-time geolocation, accelerometer, and screen-state (on/off) data. mindLAMP was also used for EMA delivery. MindLAMP data was then used as input variables in binary classification, three-group k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification, and k-means clustering. The best-performing binary classification model was able to classify patients as control or non-control with an AUC of 0.91 (random forest). The model that performed best at classifying patients as having MDD or bipolar I/II had an AUC of 0.62 (logistic regression). The k-means clustering model had a silhouette score of 0.46 and an ARI of 0.27. Results support the potential for digital phenotyping methods to cluster depression, bipolar disorder, and healthy controls. However, due to inconsistencies in accuracy, more data streams are required before these methods can be applied to clinical practice.
Photonic integrated processor for structured light detection and distinction
Authors: Bütow Johannes , Sharma Varun , Brandmüller Dorian , Eismann Jörg S. , Banzer Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrated photonic devices are pivotal elements across research fields that involve light-based applications. Particularly versatile platforms are programmable photonic integrated processors, which are employed in applications like communication or photonic computing. Free-space distributions of light can be coupled to such processors, which subsequently control the coupled light on-chip within meshes of programmable optical gates. This enables access to the spatial properties of free-space light, particularly its relative phase, which is usually challenging to measure. Here, we discuss and show the detection of amplitude and phase distributions of structured higher-order light beams using a multipurpose photonic processor. This can be used to directly distinguish light’s orbital angular momentum without including additional elements interacting with the free-space light. We envision applications in a range of fields that rely on the spatial distributions of light’s properties, such as microscopy or communications.
Cellular senescence and kidney aging
Authors: Rex Nikolai , Melk Anette , Schmitt Roland 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing worldwide, and by 2050 the proportion of the world’s population over 65 years of age is estimated to surpass 1.5 billion. Kidney aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause a loss of renal function and of regenerative potential. As the aging population grows, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, as they increase the susceptibility to developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various cellular processes and molecular pathways take part in the complex process of kidney aging. In this review, we will focus on the phenomenon of cellular senescence as one of the involved mechanisms at the crossroad of kidney aging, age-related disease, and CKD. We will highlight experimental and clinical findings about the role of cellular senescence in kidney aging and CKD. In addition, we will review challenges in senescence research and emerging therapeutic aspects. We will highlight the great potential of senolytic strategies for the elimination of harmful senescent cells to promote healthy kidney aging and to avoid age-related disease and CKD. This review aims to give insight into recent discoveries and future developments, providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on cellular senescence and anti-senescent therapies in the kidney field.
Ableism, Code-Switching, and Camouflaging: A Letter to the Editor on Gerlach-Houck and DeThorne (2023)
Authors: Roberts Julie 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
This letter to the editor is in response to the Gerlach-Houck and DeThorne (2023) epilogue regarding their proposal for speech-language pathologists to offer Autistic code-switching (Autistic masking and camouflage) as a viable, non-ableist social communication tool that Autistic clients may choose to use in “high-stakes” social situations. In connection with Autistic code-switching, the authors reference “the debate” regarding code-switching in “African American Vernacular English speakers,” specifically, whether “standard” English should be encouraged as a way to access “conventional forms of success.”

Conclusion:
Professionally training Autistic clients to “code-switch” with the goal of improving the client's chances of accessing conventional forms of success is essentially training Autistic masking and camouflaging. This type of therapy reinforces to both the Autistic client, as well as society, the position that hiding a person's Autistic traits is a pathway to acceptance and success. Autistic camouflaging has detrimental ramifications for mental health outcomes; perpetuates both internalized and societal stigma; hinders bias and discrimination deconstruction; reinforces ableist values; and fails to dismantle power inequities and social barriers that lead to marginalization, oppression, and exclusion.
Elusive hot stripped helium stars in the Galaxy
Authors: Yungelson L. , Kuranov A. , Postnov K. , Kuranova M. , Oskinova L. M. , Hamann W.-R. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Stellar evolution theory predicts the existence of helium-core remnants of the primary components of intermediate-mass close binaries that lost most of their hydrogen-helium envelopes due to the mass exchange. These remnants are expected to be observed as hot helium-rich stars with masses of (1−7) M⊙, located in the area of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram between OB subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet stars. While several thousands of such stripped helium stars are expected to exist in the Galaxy, none of them have been identified so far.
Aims. We aim to provide comprehensive predictions of the numbers and fundamental properties of stripped helium stars and their binary companions in the Galaxy. This is a necessary first step to guide observations, to enable a comparison between binary evolution models and realistic stellar populations, and to determine the feedback parameters of stripped helium stars in the Galaxy.
Methods. We expanded the previously considered space of parameters describing close binary systems producing stripped helium stars and applied a population synthesis based on a grid of evolutionary models computed by the code MESA, using a spin-dependent algorithm for the treatment of mass and angular momentum loss from the system.
Results. We show that the number of Galactic binaries hosting (1−7) M⊙ He-stars is ≃20 000 and that it steeply declines with an increase in the He-star mass (≃3000 with mass ≳2 M⊙). The decisive factor that defines the low number of stripped He-stars is runaway mass-loss after Roche lobe overflow (RLOF) by primary components of the binaries, which leads to the formation of common envelopes and the further merger of components. This effect strongly restricts the initial ranges of masses of components of the progenitors of stripped stars and orbital periods. In addition, stripped helium stars are much less numerous than expected, since a significant fraction of binaries in which the primaries have masses less than (5−7) M⊙ produce subdwarfs with masses ≲1 M⊙. Our calculations show that the overwhelming majority of helium stars reside in binaries with an early-type companion star and can be identified neither by the UV excess nor by emission features. The large periods of a significant fraction of binaries hosting stripped stars (≳several hundred days) also hamper their discovery.
Mode conversion and energy flux absorption in the structured solar atmosphere
Authors: Skirvin S. J. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Structuring in the solar atmosphere, in the form of inhomogeneities transverse to the magnetic field, is believed to play a vital role in wave propagation, conversion, and absorption.
Aims. We investigated the effect of transverse structuring on the processes of mode conversion and wave energy flux absorption using a 3D ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulation featuring an expanding coronal loop in a gravitationally stratified atmosphere.
Methods. Multiple wave drivers were modelled. The location of the driver at the photospheric base was allowed to vary so that we could study how the driven waves interact with the transverse structuring, provided by the magnetic field, as well as with the vertical structuring due to gravity.
Results. We find that the transverse structuring acts as a conduit for Alfvén wave energy flux through the transition region and into the solar corona. Moreover, in regions of strong transverse gradients, the reflection of Alfvén waves at the transition region is greatly reduced, supporting results from recent studies. Finally, we investigated the efficiency of the loop structuring at absorbing energy flux from externally driven waves and find that the loop is extremely effective at channelling wave energy flux to the loop apex in the corona; in some cases, it can absorb over a third of the externally driven wave energy flux.
Conclusions. These results may have important consequences in the context of decayless loop oscillations as they suggest that the oscillations are driven by acoustic waves outside of the existing loop structure.
Use of Natural Language Processing to Identify Sexual and Reproductive Health Information in Clinical Text
Authors: Harrison Elizabeth I. , Kirkpatrick Laura A. , Harrison Patrick W. , Kazmerski Traci M. , Sogawa Yoshimi , Hochheiser Harry S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to enable clinical researchers without expertise in natural language processing (NLP) to extract and analyze information about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), or other sensitive health topics, from large sets of clinical notes.
Methods (1) We retrieved text from the electronic health record as individual notes. (2) We segmented notes into sentences using one of scispaCy's NLP toolkits. (3) We exported sentences to the labeling application Watchful and annotated subsets of these as relevant or irrelevant to various SRH categories by applying a combination of regular expressions and manual annotation. (4) The labeled sentences served as training data to create machine learning models for classifying text; specifically, we used spaCy's default text classification ensemble, comprising a bag-of-words model and a neural network with attention. (5) We applied each model to unlabeled sentences to identify additional references to SRH with novel relevant vocabulary. We used this information and repeated steps 3 to 5 iteratively until the models identified no new relevant sentences for each topic. Finally, we aggregated the labeled data for analysis.
Results This methodology was applied to 3,663 Child Neurology notes for 971 female patients. Our search focused on six SRH categories. We validated the approach using two subject matter experts, who independently labeled a sample of 400 sentences. Cohen's kappa values were calculated for each category between the reviewers (menstruation: 1, sexual activity: 0.9499, contraception: 0.9887, folic acid: 1, teratogens: 0.8864, pregnancy: 0.9499). After removing the sentences on which reviewers did not agree, we compared the reviewers' labels to those produced via our methodology, again using Cohen's kappa (menstruation: 1, sexual activity: 1, contraception: 0.9885, folic acid: 1, teratogens: 0.9841, pregnancy: 0.9871).
Conclusion Our methodology is reproducible, enables analysis of large amounts of text, and has produced results that are highly comparable to subject matter expert manual review.
A Genotype-Phenotype Model for Predicting Resistance Training Effects
on Leg Press Performance
Authors: Mei Tao , Li Yanchun , Li Xiaoxia , Yang Xiaolin , Li Liang , Yan Xu , He Zi-hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study develops a comprehensive genotype-phenotype model for predicting the
effects of resistance training on leg press performance. A cohort of physically
inactive adults (N=193) underwent 12 weeks of resistance training, and
measurements of maximum isokinetic leg press peak force, muscle mass, and
thickness were taken before and after the intervention. Whole-genome genotyping
was performed, and genome-wide association analysis identified 85 novel SNPs
significantly associated with changes in leg press strength after training. A
prediction model was constructed using stepwise linear regression, incorporating
seven lead SNPs that explained 40.4% of the training effect variance.
The polygenic score showed a significant positive correlation with changes in
leg press strength. By integrating genomic markers and phenotypic indicators,
the comprehensive prediction model explained 75.4% of the variance in
the training effect. Additionally, five SNPs were found to potentially impact
muscle contraction, metabolism, growth, and development through their
association with REACTOME pathways. Individual responses to resistance training
varied, with changes in leg press strength ranging from −55.83%
to 151.20%. The study highlights the importance of genetic factors in
predicting training outcomes and provides insights into the potential biological
functions underlying resistance training effects. The comprehensive model offers
valuable guidance for personalized fitness programs based on individual genetic
profiles and phenotypic characteristics.
Development of a compact helicon plasma source with two sets of ring array permanent magnets for the study of blue core plasma
Authors: Xia Ying , Yang Xin , Chang Lei , Zhou Hua , Zhang Jin-Heng , Jing Dong , Xu Qian , Niu Guo-Jian , Zhou Hai-Shan , Luo Guang-Nan 
Published: December 2023

A compact helicon plasma source for the study of helicon plasma, especially for the study of blue core plasma, is designed and developed with permanent magnets (PMs). The structure of the PMs consists of two sets of ring array magnets with opposite magnetization. This structure can provide a higher magnetic field with fewer PMs, which is helpful for controlling the device’s mass. A quartz tube with 50 cm in length, 5 cm in outer diameter, and 0.3 cm in thickness is used. Argon helicon plasma is produced at ∼38 sccm (3.4 Pa inlet chamber and 0.122 Pa diffusion chamber) by a radio frequency (RF) power of ∼13.56 MHz using a helical antenna under a high magnetic field (∼1600 G). Preliminary results measured by the Langmuir probe, photomultiplier tube (PMT), CCD, and Hall coil are applied to characterize the helicon plasma in this source, such as the mode transition and the formation of the blue core with the RF power variation. The device generates the blue core (W mode) plasma at a lower power of about 200 W, and the energy coupling efficiency is as high as 65%.
A high sensitivity cross-capacitive sensor for water droplets and bubble detection in hydraulic oil
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Yu , Wang Xin , Zheng Yiwen , Zhang Hongpeng , Zhang Cunyou , Zheng Wenbo 
Published: December 2023

The presence of moisture and air in hydraulic oil will seriously affect the reliability of machines. This paper proposes a new cross-capacitive oil pollution detection sensor, which is based on the Thompson and Lampard theorem. The sensing unit consists of four identical copper electrodes with infinitesimally small gaps. The sensor can effectively distinguish water droplets and air bubble pollutants mixed in the oil through the pulse direction of the signal. Compared with traditional capacitive sensors, the sensor has a significant improvement in detection accuracy and detection throughput. In this paper, the relationship between the cross-capacitance value with the dielectric constant and the frequency in an alternating electric field was deduced, and the best excitation frequency was chosen as 1.9 MHz. Experiments show that the sensor can effectively detect water droplets of 140–160 µm and bubbles of 170–190 µm and has good linearity for detecting water droplets and air bubbles of different sizes. The sensor provides a new method for machine condition monitoring of hydraulic systems.
Hardness and superconductivity in tetragonal LiB4 and NaB4
Authors: Wang Qianyi , Li Honggang , Wei Jiahui , Zhong Ting , Zhu Li , Zhang Xinxin , Liu Hanyu , Zhang Shoutao 
Published: December 2023

Boron-based compounds have triggered substantial attention due to their multifunctional properties, incorporating excellent hardness and superconductivity. While tetragonal metal borides LiB4 and NaB4 with BaAl4-type structure and striking clathrate boron motif have been induced under compression, there is still a lack of deep understanding of their potential properties at ambient pressure. We herein conduct a comprehensive study on I4/mmm-structured LiB4 and NaB4 under ambient pressure via first-principles calculations. Remarkably, both LiB4 and NaB4 are found to possess high Vickers hardness of 39 GPa, which is ascribed to the robust boron framework with strong covalency. Furthermore, their high hardness values together with distinguished stability make them highly potential superhard materials. Meanwhile, electron–phonon coupling analysis reveals that both LiB4 and NaB4 are conventional phonon-mediated superconductors, with critical temperatures of 6 and 8 K at 1 atmosphere pressure (atm), respectively, mainly arising from the coupling of B 2p electronic states and the low-frequency phonon modes associated with Li-, Na-, and B-derived vibrations. This work provides valuable insights into the mechanical and superconducting behaviors of metal borides and will boost further studies of emergent borides with multiple functionalities.
Experiences of supporting adults with literacy gaps
Authors: Blake Sebastian J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper uses a thematic narrative analysis approach to explore the experiences of individuals who support those
living with literacy gaps in Australia. Themes of collective shame and responsibility surrounding adult literacy gaps, as well as
the communicative expertise and critical reflexivity developed by supporters in their roles, are prominent in their narratives. As
part of a more extensive study that also explored the experiences of people living with literacy gaps, the findings of this paper
highlight the need for more research into this area, particularly underscoring the importance of including first-hand accounts
from those directly impacted by literacy gaps and recognizing adult literacy supporters as a unique population.
Machine learning-assisted inverse design of wide-bandgap acoustic topological devices
Authors: Li Xinxin , Qin Yao , He Guangchen , Lian Feiyu , Zuo Shuyu , Cai Chengxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The topological simulation of acoustic waves has induced unconventional propagation characteristics, thereby offering extensive application potential in the field of acoustics. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-assisted method for the inverse design of acoustic wave topological edge states and demonstrate its practical applicability. Leveraging the predictions from a trained artificial neural network algorithm, the design of wide-bandwidth topological insulators is achieved, with simulation results indicating an approximately 2.8-fold enlargement of the single-cell topological bandgap. Further investigation into their wide-bandwidth topological transport properties is conducted. Additionally, two distinct functional acoustic routing devices are devised. Superior performance of the wide-bandwidth acoustic topological devices has been verified through simulation experiments. This approach provides an efficient and viable avenue for the design and optimization of acoustic devices, with the potential to enhance the management and control efficiency of acoustic signal propagation.
Automatic non-contact grinding surface roughness measurement based on multi-focused sequence images and CNN
Authors: Shi Yupeng , Li Bing , Li Lei , Liu Tongkun , Du Xiao , Wei Xiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Microscopic images of surfaces can be used for non-contact roughness measurement by visual methods. However, the images are usually acquired manually and need to be as sharp as possible, which limits the general application of the method. This manuscript provides an automatic roughness measurement method that can apply to automatic industrial sites. This method first automatically acquires the sharpest image and then feeds the image into a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for roughness measurement. In this method, the weighted window enhanced sharpness evaluation algorithm based on the sharpness evaluation function is proposed to automatically extract the sharpest image. Then, a CNN model, CFEN, suitable for the roughness measurement task was designed and pre-trained. The results demonstrate that the measurement accuracy of the method reaches 91.25% and the time is within a few seconds. It is proved that the method has high accuracy and efficiency and is feasible in practical applications.