bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EU Principle of Subsidiarity and its Critique
Authors: Estella Antonio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is two-fold. First it attempts to construct a more solid critique of the European Union principle of subsidiarity. Second it tries to explain why the European Court of Justice is not fully implementing subsidiarity. Introduced in the EU legal order as a last resort protection mechanism for member states in a minoroty position in the Council of Ministers regarding a particular issue , the principle of subsidiarity is not only misplaced to fulfill that goal, but also its underlying logic has potential side-effects for European integration. Furthermore it is argued that, the 'legislation' of the principle in the Maastricht Treaty, and its reinforcement through the Amsterdam Protocol on subsidiarity cannot overcome the legitimacy dilemmas that the European Court of Justice would have to confront if it opted for the implementation of the principle. This book gives an in-depth analysis of both issues, in the context of a wider analysis that concerns the legitimacy of the political and legal structures of the European Union.
Great Britain: Falling through the Holes in the Network Concept
Authors: Crouch Colin , Farrell Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
British economic development has long exhibited strong regional patterns and contrasts. The UK shares with France a characteristic not possessed by Germany or Italy: the contemporary weakness of its major regional centres, so that the capital cities (London and Paris) and the regions surrounding them (the so-called Home Counties in south-east England and the Ile de France) dominate. Post industrial society, with its tendency to concentrate up-market services growth in a few chosen metropolitan centres capable of becoming global cities, has intensified this ancient process that was temporarily interrupted by industrialism. South-east England (excluding Greater London itself) is the only region in the UK to have an average per capita income above the European Union mean, but it is itself the richest region in the EU. Although Greater London contains within it the City of London, one of the biggest concentrations of wealth on the planet, and many other extremely rich areas, the mean income for Londoners in general is below the EU mean.
Management Consultancies in the Netherlands in the 1950s and 1960s: Between Systemic Context and External Influences
Authors: Karsten Luchien , Veen Kees Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the twentieth century an institutionalized field of management knowledge slowly emerged. This field rapidly grew in size in the 1980s and 1990s. The number of people involved in all kinds of management activities increased quickly, as did the number of consultancy offices; business schools multiplied within and outside universities; periodicals increased in number; and finally gurus began to populate the spectrum. In this field, managers, consultants, government officials, and scientists are the four main categories of agents who together form a kind of community which carries the knowledge on management issues. This contribution will focus on some earlier stages of development in this field: the activities and interrelation of consultancies and social scientists in the 1950s and 1960s.
Consultancies as Actors in Knowledge Arenas: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Faust Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The creation, diffusion and consumption of management knowledge and its impact on managerial action have attracted considerable attention in organizational research (Alvarez 1998). Since the 1980s management knowledge has increasingly taken on the form of management fashions and fads that easily surmount national borders (Faust 2000: 78; Kieser 1997). Within research on management fashions special attention has been paid to the ‘creators’ of fashions and the ‘fashion-setting community’ (Abrahamson 1996; Czarniawska and Joerges 1996; R0vik 1996). The following groups are typically introduced as the major contributors to (objectified) management knowledge, as proponents of new ideas, concepts, or ‘techniques’ (Abrahamson 1996; Buczynski 1993a; Micklethwaite and Wooldridge 1996): consultants, academics from business schools, ‘pioneer’ or outstanding entrepreneurs or managers (‘hero man agers’), and ‘management gurus’.
Taxation and Ethics
Authors: Hughes Jane Frecknall , Moizer Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moral choices relating to taxation are inevitably inﬂuenced by an individual’s view of how resources should be distributed within society and the role of government. Taxation is used by governments for many purposes, including: raising monies to fund government expenditure, controlling the economy of the country, and redistributing wealth. All forms of taxation involve taking money away from individuals and their attitude to giving money to the State will be determined in part by their view of the legitimacy of the taxation process.
On the Garden of Edith: Some Themes
Authors: Pitelis Christos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1959 Edith Penrose wrote The Theory of the Growth of the Finn (hereafter TGF). The books reads like a story; it flows, it sounds eminently plausible and real life, it feels as if it describes just how things are perceived to be. Some readers might even be tempted to think that this is more or less what they too felt about the growth of firms, but could not or would not put it down in writing; in part because it is too realistic to be analytically useful. Yet, the more one reads carefully the more one realises that the book is written by one of the sharpest analytical minds ever to write in economics and management.1 The book itself may well prove to be the single most influential in economics and management of the second part of twentieth century. Considering the competition,2 this may sound like an overstatement. I do not believe it is. This intro ductory chapter, but more importantly the present volume as a whole, explains why.
Edith Penrose, Economics and Strategic Management
Authors: Foss Nicolai J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edith Penrose’s work on The Theory of the Growth of the Finn is often seen as a classic in strategic management and a precursor of today’s resource-based view of the firm. However, it is argued in this paper that this is, at best, imprecise and rather a mis-representation of Penrose: her interest was not in whether there can be rents in equilibrium, but in firm growth as a disequilibrium phenomenon. Moreover, her basic vision of the competitive process is very different from that which animates modern economic approaches to strategy, such as the resource-based approach and new industrial organisation economics. This paper briefly discusses some implications for modern strategic thinking of Penrose’s vision.
Management Competence, Firm Growth and Economic Progress
Authors: Ghoshal Sumantra , Hahn Martin , Moran Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is motivated by a simple empirical observation; there appears to be a strong positive correlation between the prosperity of an economy and the relative role oflarge firms operating in that economy. The relationship seems to be reasonably robust to many different ways of operationalising both the prosperity of nations and the size of firms. At the extreme, Figure I represents this relationship when prosperity is measured simply by the GDP per capital of the country and when we consider only the very largest firms, namely those that find a place in Fortune’s list of the 500 largest firms in the world. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the GDP per capita of nations and the proportion of their working population employed by large companies, when firm size is measured at the level of firms earning in excess of US$IO million in revenues (which, though much smaller than Fortune 500 firms and often described as medium-sized rather than large, still figure at the right tail of the frequency distri bution of firms by size in any society).
New Managerialism: The Manager-academic and Technologies of Management in Universities—Looking Forward to Virtuality?
Authors: Reed Mike , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will explore the extent to which ideologies, discourses, and practices associated with ‘New Mangerialism’ are evident in, and also resisted by, manager-academics and academics in universities. ‘New Managerialism’ is a multi-faceted phenomenon drawing on practices and discourses from the private for-profit sector. It is argued by theorists to have permeated public sector services and organizations in most western countries (Fedie et al. 1996; Clarke and Newman 1997a; Exworthy and Halford 1999). Management discourses and practices appear to have an increasing presence in UK universities and elsewhere (Trow 1993; Meadmore 1998; Deem 1998; Deem and Johnson 2000; Marginson and Considine 2001).
Digital Discourses, Online Classes, Electronic Documents: Developing New University Technocultures
Authors: Luke Timothy W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To the extent that individuals and groups now choose, or are coerced, to communicate, keep accounts, publish, buy products, work, access documents, or learn online in computer networks, the digital domain inescapably is becoming a vital new venue for the conduct of everyday life. At the same time, however, cyberspace today is also evolving into a heteronomous global anarchy. In each one of its many proliferating layers of functionality, new would-be authorities are competing to control its uses in what is still essentially a self-help system of platform wars, chip races, and operating system alliances.
Some Consequences of the New Information and Communication Technologies for Higher Education
Authors: Trow Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The role of the new information and communication technologies in higher education is so very large, and growing so rapidly that it can hardly be sketched in a brief chapter. We might recall that only five years ago very few people could have anticipated or even imagined the enormous explosion of communications worldwide over the internet, and the profound effects that has had and is having on our universities—both as research and as teaching institutions. What can we say that might be relevant to this information revolution in five years—that, it seems to me, is the minimum we might ask of ourselves if we are to be of any use to policy makers in this area.
Copyright Law and the Public’s Right to Receive Information: Recent Developments in an Isolated Community
Authors: Griffiths* Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an article in this Yearbook in 1999, I expressed the view that ‘significant changes in the law of copyright …are likely to be required as a result of the Human Rights Act’. Recent decisions have demonstrated that this view is not shared in our intellectual property courts. Indeed, the pre-Human Rights Act 1998 decision of the Court of Appeal in Hyde Park Residence Ltd v. Yelland and the post-Human Rights Act decision of Sir Andrew Morritt V-C in Ashdown v. Telegraph Group Ltd fail entirely to acknowledge the potential impact of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights on copyright law. Despite the inaccuracy of my previous prediction, I intend to argue below that Hyde Park and Ashdown pay insufficient regard to the public’s right to receive information and are inconsistent with other areas of law concerning the disclosure of information.
China’s Entrepreneurial Army
Authors: Cheung Tai Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
China's Entrepreneurial Army offers a fascinating insight into the complex interwoven relationship between state power, military burden, and economic prosperity in today's China. From the early 1980s to the end of the 1990s, the People's Liberation Army went into business to make up for falling defence spending. It established the world's largest military business complex comprising thousands of army-owned enterprises stretching into virtually every corner of the Chinese economy and overseas. This participation in business gave the military substantial economic strength and allowed it to adapt to the changing locus of power and authority in China in the reform era, which was increasingly measured through economic might. But the rapid ascent of the military commercial juggernaut also sowed the seeds of its ignominious demise. Corruption, smuggling, and profiteering became so rampant that the political reliability of the military and the health of the Chinese economy began to be undermined. In 1998, the armed forces were ordered to get out of business. Tai Ming Cheung traces the origins, examines the participation, and details the demise of the Chinese military business complex. This path-breaking study is a uniquely comprehensive and in-depth account of this Byzantine and opaque institution, and provides a vivid portrait of the corporations, military units personalities, and other entities that were at the heart of this commercial powerhouse. Based upon extensive research of primary source Chinese publications and field work,China's Entrepreneurial Army looks at the role of the military business complex from a number of different perspectives: its success as a commercial venue, the impact on civil--military relations, and the broader benefits and drawbacks of this commercialism on military professionalism and economic modernization in China and elsewhere.
The Multinational Firm
Authors: Morgan Glenn , Kristensen Peer Hull , Whitley Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In contrast to the traditional view of multinational firms as cohesive rational actors maximizing the use of resources across national boundaries, the contributors to this volume argue that they are complex social arenas where competing groups draw on resources from their own socially embedded locations in developing new transnational social relationships. As firms seek to manage across national and institutional boundaries, they stretch their existing capacities and routines and develop new sets of transnational social relationships through different groups competing and cooperating. These processes occur at a number of levels which are explored in different empirical settings. Firstly, at the level of governance, multinational firms may develop conflicts between investors from different national contexts, e.g. between the arms-length orientation of Anglo-Saxon institutional investors and the more committed orientation of investors in certain European and Asian contexts. The tension between opening the firm up for foreign investors in order to have access to more and cheaper capital and the consequent effects on management strategy is explored in a number of chapters. Secondly, at the level of coordinating activities across different sites, multinationals may encourage competition between plants in different countries as well as seeking to transfer best practices. The result may be pressure on managers and employees in certain plants to give up traditional practices and employment rights. Thirdly, multinational firms operate in environments where other forms of coordinating international business activity may also occur, e.g. cartels or the creation of international regulatory activity. They therefore compete for the regulatory space in complex political environments that will enable them to prosper.
The Multinational Firm: Organizing Across Institutional and National Divides
Authors: morgan glenn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book develops a distinctive approach to understanding the internationalization of firms and markets in the global economy. In contrast to economic and managerialist perspectives that treat them as cohesive, goal-directed rational actors, the contributors to this volume draw on traditions of comparative organizational analysis to understand multinationals as organizations with complex internal processes of contradiction and conflict that are distinctive from those present in non-international firms. In different ways, the contributors share the following presumptions. First, multinational firms are social constructions; in particular, they are built out of specific national institutional contexts that shape how they internationalize. All the authors have been active in the debate about ‘national business systems’ and ‘divergent capitalisms’ (see, e.g., previous edited collections Quack, Morgan, and Whitley 2000; Whitley 1992; Whitley and Kristensen 1996; Whitley and Kristensen 1997).
Globalization and its Limits: The Making of International Regulation
Authors: djelic marie-laure , bensedrine jabril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent developments, particularly in Europe, make it difficult to ignore the debates around globalization. Mergers, acquisitions, and alliances are rapidly bringing about the reconstruction of many industries over and beyond national boundaries. Economic activities and transactions cross over national borders, making transnational mechanisms of governance increasingly likely and necessary. Some have argued that global pressures are leading, on a worldwide level, to the increasing convergence of governance and organizational structures and of business knowledge or practices (Alvarez 1998; Chandler 1990; Ohmae 1995; Scott et al. 1994). There is ample evidence, though, that local or national institutional arrangements still play a significant part when it comes to shaping economic structures and constraining economic behaviour (Hollingsworth and Boyer 1997; Whitley and Kristensen 1996).
How Social is Internet Communication? A Reappraisal of Bandwidth and Anonymity Effects
Authors: Watt Susan E , Lea Martin , Spears Russell 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Internet communication is playing an increasing role in our lives both at work and at home, where it is augmenting or replacing many of the interpersonal and group interactions normally conducted face to face. Approximately 10 per cent of the world’s population are estimated to use the internet regularly (McKenna and Bargh 2000). Surveys have often shown that e-mail benefits business by substituting for meetings, and more recently that interpersonal communication is an important home use for the internet. Ninety-four per cent of users report that the internet makes it easier to communicate with family and friends, and 87 per cent use it regularly for that purpose (Kraut et al. 1998). Crook and Light (this volume) found that students with networked computers in their study bedrooms use the internet far more for social communication and recreation than for study purposes or for academic exchange.
Virtual Society and the Cultural Practice of Study
Authors: Crook Charles , Light Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The university community has become keenly aware of ‘virtual society’. There is no shortage of commentators urging the appropriation of information and communications technology (ICT) into higher education. Political analysts identify issues of economy and enfranchisement: arguing that virtual education may both cost less and make possible greater social inclusion (Hague 1991). Principals and vice-chancellors uneasily observe the growth of corporate uni versities and the accreditation of for-profit institutions with no bricks-and mortar identity (Duderstadt 1999). Educational managers sense a danger of being left behind as they see neighbouring universities develop new technical infrastructures (Oblinger and Rush 1998). The ICT industry promotes positive images of computer-supported learning. Not least in significance, a number of academics are publicizing their own teaching achievements, which involve the new tools of ICT (White and Weight 2000).
Presence, Absence, and Accountability: E-mail and the Mediation of Organizational Memory
Authors: Brown Steven D , Lightfoot Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Western thought there is a long-standing link between the practice and tools of remembering: memoria and techne. Take, for instance, the two pivotal moments described in that great work of memory, À la recherche du temps perdu. The first is the legendary scene where the taste of the tea-soaked madeleine restores Marcel to his childhood bed, awaiting the tread of his mother’s steps on the stairs. The second, however, is far less celebrated. During his return to Paris from the sanatorium, Marcel stumbles on uneven courtyard stones. The effect is the same—an instantaneous transport into the depths of memory. On both occasions what proves decisive for Marcel is the act of engaging with a particular object. The effect is peculiar.
Inside the Bubble: Communion, Cognition, and Deep Play at the Intersection of Wall Street and Cyberspace
Authors: Pollner Melvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I had heard of neither the Iomega Corporation nor the Motley Fool until dinner with a friend in the late autumn of 1995. My friend told me that his life had changed after purchasing shares of Iomega Corporation whose (then) new product was a portable computer storage device, the Zip Drive. Surprised by the amount of money he had invested earlier in the year, he was even more sur prised when the shares soared in value. His new wealth, he continued, had affected every aspect of his life: his emotions, thoughts, and even his dreams were now different. If I was interested, he suggested, I ought to visit the Motley Fool (www.Fool.com), an online personal finance and investment site then based at America Online (AOL). Aiming to ‘educate, amuse and enrich’ individual investors, the Motley Fool hosted message boards devoted to discussing par ticular stocks, one of which was Iomega.
The Day-to-Day Work of Standardization: A Sceptical Note on the Reliance on IT in a Retail Bank
Authors: Hughes John A , Rouncefield Mark , Tolmie Pete 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Exploring the relationship between technology and organization has for long been one of the central interests of sociology since the classic statements of Marx and Weber, so it cannot be any surprise that during the 1990s one of the predominant interests has been the relationship of information communications technologies (ICTs) to the major transformations in the social and economic environment in which organizations now operate (Lash and Urry 1987; Castells 1996). In brief, the claim is that in a more global economic environment organ izations need to ‘re-engineer’ themselves and become more flexible, knowledge based, and better able to survive and prosper in marketplaces that are less pre dictable and prone to rapid change (Hammer and Champy 1993; Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995).
The Evolution of the Japanese Distribution Structure: An International and Institutional Perspective
Authors: Nishimura Kiyohiko G , Tachibana Towa , Tsubouchi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The distribution sector is of significant economic importance.1 Retail and wholesale trade alone accounted for one-fifth of total employment and 14 per cent of value added in Japan in 1990 (Table 2.1). The importance is even more pronounced in other developed countries: retail and wholesale trade accounted for as much as one fifth to one-quarter of total employment and 17 per cent of va1ue added in Italy and the United States (Table 2.1). In spite of its importance, however, there has been little research on the evolution of the distribution structure under long-run economic growth. This may be due to the fact that the sector is very heterogeneous: the distribution of agricultural products, for example, is very different from that of machinery. Such heterogeneity requires careful disaggregate analysis, but detailed and internationally comparable disaggregated data are not easily available in most countries.