bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable paper electronics and neuromorphic paper chip
Authors: Xu Nuo , Lin Xiangde , Han Jing , Sun Qijun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Paper electronics have received a lot of attention due to their special properties of mechanical flexibility/foldability, sustainability, biodegradability, light weight, and low cost. It provides a superb on-chip prototype with simple modular design and feasible energy-autonomous features, which can surpass the problems of inconvenience and possible pollution caused by conventional power sources by integrating different functional modules. Commonly, the sustainable operation of integrated paper electronics can be guaranteed by the basic components, including energy-harvesting devices, energy-storage devices, and low-power-consuming functional circuits/devices. Furthermore, sustainable paper electronics are possible to be further extended to develop energy-efficient neuromorphic paper chip by utilizing cutting-edge neuromorphic components based on traditional paper-based transistors, memories, and logic gates toward potential in-memory computing applications. The working process of the sustainable paper electronics implies an energy cycling of surrounding energy conversion, electrochemical energy storage, and energy utilization in functional circuits (in the form of photonic, thermal, electromagnetic, or mechanical energy). Sustainable paper electronics provide a promising path for achieving efficient, cost-effective, and customizable integrated electronics and self-powered systems with complementary features.
Chronic malaria exposure is associated with inhibitory markers on T cells that correlate with atypical memory and marginal zone-like B cells
Authors: Mitchell Robert A , Ubillos Itziar , Requena Pilar , Campo Joseph J , Ome-Kaius Maria , Hanieh Sarah , Umbers Alexandra , Samol Paula , Barrios Diana , Jiménez Alfons , Bardají Azucena , Mueller Ivo , Menéndez Clara , Rogerson Stephen , Dobaño Carlota , Moncunill Gemma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chronic immune activation from persistent malaria infections can induce immunophenotypic changes associated with T-cell exhaustion. However, associations between T and B cells during chronic exposure remain undefined. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from malaria-exposed pregnant women from Papua New Guinea and Spanish malaria-naïve individuals using flow cytometry to profile T-cell exhaustion markers phenotypically. T-cell lineage (CD3, CD4, and CD8), inhibitory (PD1, TIM3, LAG3, CTLA4, and 2B4), and senescence (CD28-) markers were assessed. Dimensionality reduction methods revealed increased PD1, TIM3, and LAG3 expression in malaria-exposed individuals. Manual gating confirmed significantly higher frequencies of PD1+CD4+ and CD4+, CD8+, and double-negative (DN) T cells expressing TIM3 in malaria-exposed individuals. Increased frequencies of T cells co-expressing multiple markers were also found in malaria-exposed individuals. T-cell data were analyzed with B-cell populations from a previous study where we reported an alteration of B-cell subsets, including increased frequencies of atypical memory B cells (aMBC) and reduction in marginal zone (MZ-like) B cells during malaria exposure. Frequencies of aMBC subsets and MZ-like B cells expressing CD95+ had significant positive correlations with CD28+PD1+TIM3+CD4+ and DN T cells and CD28+TIM3+2B4+CD8+ T cells. Frequencies of aMBC, known to associate with malaria anemia, were inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels in malaria-exposed women. Similarly, inverse correlations with hemoglobin levels were found for TIM3+CD8+ and CD28+PD1+TIM3+CD4+ T cells. Our findings provide further insights into the effects of chronic malaria exposure on circulating B- and T-cell populations, which could impact immunity and responses to vaccination.
Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-14-methyl-1-octadecene, the sex pheromone of Lyonetia clerkella Linnaeus
Authors: An Biyu , Lin Zixin , Liu Jiawei , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min , Zhong Jiangchun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lyonetia clerkella Linnaeus is one of the notorious pests that are found in orchards. A new and efficient asymmetric synthesis of the sex pheromone of this pest has been developed. Central to this approach were 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine N-oxide (DMAPO)/Boc2O-mediated N-acylation, Evans’chiral auxiliaries and the coupling of chiral tosylate with n-propyl magnesium bromide. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the scalability of the new acylation.
Association between cancer health literacy and cancer-related behavior of residents in Shandong, China
Authors: Lu Youhua , Li Qiuxia , Liu Jinhui , Cui Yongchun , Yang Jia , Gao Dongqing , Liu Jingmin , Ma Anning , Zhang Nan , Wang Jialin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Health literacy is closely related to the incidence of major chronic diseases and its related behaviors such as cancer-related behaviors. This study explored how the cancer health literacy level affects cancer-related behaviors. About one to two villages from six cities of Shandong province were selected as sample areas. Professionals conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants. Finally, 1200 residents completed 1085 effective questionnaires. Data were analysed from a cross-sectional survey in 2019, which included 1085 residents in six cities/counties of Shandong province, China. The result showed that residents with high cancer health literacy were more likely to eat fruits and vegetables frequently, avoid eating moldy food and take exercise. Besides, they were more likely to engage in health education and have a higher willingness to pay for cancer screenings. Most residents in Shandong province have a basic level of cancer health literacy. Improving the cancer health literacy of the population can be an effective strategy to promote a healthier lifestyle, thereby reducing the incidence rates related to cancers.
Promoting mental well-being in Western Australia: Act Belong Commit
® mental health promotion campaign partners’ perspectives
Authors: Smith James , t’Hart Laura , Leaversuch Francene , Walton Andrew , Jameson Gabriella , Samsa Hannah , Clarey Meg , Millar Lynne , Burns Sharyn , Pollard Christina M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Act Belong Commit® mental health promotion campaign aims to improve population mental well-being. Based on a social-franchising model, partnerships are sought with organizations offering ‘mentally healthy activities’ that foster social connectedness and mental well-being. There are four categories of partner organizations sought: Site (government agencies and health services), Associate (organizations with state-wide or national services), Community (local, grass-roots community groups) and Schools. This research explored organizational perceptions of the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program. A purposive sample of 14 organizational representatives across all four partner categories participated in semi-structured interviews online or face-to-face between July and September 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes: (a) A passion for promoting mental health; (b) Implementation, innovation, adaption and creation (e.g. the ability to adapt, create and deliver activities aligned with the campaign message; and (c) Future sustainability (e.g. recommendations for the sustainability of the programme). The use of reflexive thematic analysis enabled deeper insights into the complexity of the partnerships. Findings describe how the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program supports mutually desirable objectives and extends the campaign reach. Embedded in a shared belief system that incorporates a passion for good mental health, the model supports the flexibility to adapt, create and deliver fit-for-purpose activities that promote mental well-being in the places where people live, work and play.
Magnitude of Type I Interferon Responses by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells After TLR7 Stimulation Is Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Reservoir Sizes in Cisgender Women With HIV-1 on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Thiele Rebecca-Jo , Grünhagel Benjamin , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Pujantell-Graell Maria , Jocham Linda , Düsedau Arne , Hennesen Jana , Hildebrandt Heike , Hagen Sven Hendrik , Sandfort Deborah , Bunders Madeleine J , Keppler Oliver T , Hoffmann Christian , Altfeld Marcus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease manifestations differ between cisgender women and men, including better control of viral replication during primary infection and less frequent residual HIV-1 replication on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in cisgender women with HIV-1 (WWH). Investigating plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) functions and HIV-1 reservoir sizes in 20 WWH on stable ART, we observed inverse correlations between interferon-α and tumor necrosis factor responses of pDCs to Toll-like receptor 7/8 stimulation and intact/total proviral HIV-1 DNA levels. Additionally, ISG15 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated with cytokine responses of pDCs. These findings demonstrate an association between higher type I interferon responses and lower HIV-1 reservoir sizes in WWH on ART, warranting studies to identify the underlying mechanisms.
Crystal structure of the complex of CLEC12A and an antibody that interferes with binding of diverse ligands
Authors: Mori Shotaro , Nagae Masamichi , Yamasaki Sho 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors, which detect a broad spectrum of ligands via small carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). CLEC12A is an inhibitory CLR that recognizes crystalline structures such as monosodium urate crystals. CLEC12A also recognizes mycolic acid, a major component of mycobacterial cell walls, and suppresses host immune responses. Although CLEC12A could be a therapeutic target for mycobacterial infection, structural information on CLEC12A was not available. We report here the crystal structures of human CLEC12A (hCLEC12A) in ligand-free form and in complex with 50C1, its inhibitory antibody. 50C1 recognizes human-specific residues on the top face of hCLEC12A CRD. A comprehensive alanine scan demonstrated that the ligand-binding sites of mycolic acid and monosodium urate crystals may overlap with each other, suggesting that CLEC12A utilizes a common interface to recognize different types of ligands. Our results provide atomic insights into the blocking and ligand-recognition mechanisms of CLEC12A and leads to the design of CLR-specific inhibitors.
Leveraging explainable artificial intelligence to optimize clinical decision support
Authors: Liu Siru , McCoy Allison B , Peterson Josh F , Lasko Thomas A , Sittig Dean F , Nelson Scott D , Andrews Jennifer , Patterson Lorraine , Cobb Cheryl M , Mulherin David , Morton Colleen T , Wright Adam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop and evaluate a data-driven process to generate suggestions for improving alert criteria using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) approaches.

Methods
We extracted data on alerts generated from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We developed machine learning models to predict user responses to alerts. We applied XAI techniques to generate global explanations and local explanations. We evaluated the generated suggestions by comparing with alert’s historical change logs and stakeholder interviews. Suggestions that either matched (or partially matched) changes already made to the alert or were considered clinically correct were classified as helpful.

Results
The final dataset included 2 991 823 firings with 2689 features. Among the 5 machine learning models, the LightGBM model achieved the highest Area under the ROC Curve: 0.919 [0.918, 0.920]. We identified 96 helpful suggestions. A total of 278 807 firings (9.3%) could have been eliminated. Some of the suggestions also revealed workflow and education issues.

Conclusion
We developed a data-driven process to generate suggestions for improving alert criteria using XAI techniques. Our approach could identify improvements regarding clinical decision support (CDS) that might be overlooked or delayed in manual reviews. It also unveils a secondary purpose for the XAI: to improve quality by discovering scenarios where CDS alerts are not accepted due to workflow, education, or staffing issues.
NGTS-28Ab: a short period transiting brown dwarf
Authors: Henderson Beth A , Casewell Sarah L , Goad Michael R , Acton Jack S , Günther Maximilian N , Nielsen Louise D , Burleigh Matthew R , Belardi Claudia , Tilbrook Rosanna H , Turner Oliver , Howell Steve B , Clark Catherine A , Littlefield Colin , Barkaoui Khalid , Alves Douglas R , Anderson David R , Bayliss Daniel , Bouchy Francois , Bryant Edward M , Dransfield George , Ducrot Elsa , Eigmüller Philipp , Gill Samuel , Gillen Edward , Gillon Michaël , Hawthorn Faith , Hooton Matthew J , Jackman James A G , Jehin Emmanuel , Jenkins James S , Kendall Alicia , Lendl Monika , McCormac James , Moyano Maximiliano , Pedersen Peter Pihlmann , Pozuelos Francisco J , Ramsay Gavin , Sefako Ramotholo R , Timmermans Mathilde , Triaud Amaury H M J , Udry Stephane , Vines Jose I , Watson Christopher A , West Richard G , Wheatley Peter J , Zúñiga-Fernández Sebastián 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a brown dwarf orbiting a M1 host star. We first identified the brown dwarf within the Next Generation Transit Survey data, with supporting observations found in TESS sectors 11 and 38. We confirmed the discovery with follow-up photometry from the South African Astronomical Observatory, SPECULOOS-S, and TRAPPIST-S, and radial velocity measurements from HARPS, which allowed us to characterize the system. We find an orbital period of ∼1.25 d, a mass of $69.0^{+5.3}_{-4.8}$  MJ, close to the hydrogen burning limit, and a radius of 0.95 ± 0.05 RJ. We determine the age to be &gt;0.5 Gyr, using model isochrones, which is found to be in agreement with spectral energy distribution fitting within errors. NGTS-28Ab is one of the shortest period systems found within the brown dwarf desert, as well as one of the highest mass brown dwarfs that transits an M dwarf. This makes NGTS-28Ab another important discovery within this scarcely populated region.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Complicated Infections in Hospital Settings—A French Real-world Study
Authors: Timsit Jean-François , Mootien Joy , Akrich Brune , Bourge Xavier , Brassac Isabelle , Castan Bernard , Mackosso Carole , Tavares Linsay Monteiro , Ruiz Fabrice , Boutoille David , Ruimy Raymond 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
This study describes the conditions of use of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and associated outcomes in French hospital settings.

Methods
This was a prospective, multicenter, French observational study. Patients who received at least 1 dose of C/T were included and followed up as per routine clinical practice, until stop of C/T.

Results
A total of 260 patients were enrolled between October 2018 and December 2019 in 30 centers across France. Of these, 177 (68.0%) received C/T as per indication of usage following the results of the antibiogram (documented cases). Among documented patients, the mean age was 61.8 years, 73.4% were males, and 93.8% presented with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria at inclusion. C/T was most frequently prescribed for pneumonia (48.6%), bacteremia (14.7%), complicated intra-abdominal infections (13.0%), or complicated urinary tract infections (9.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the species most frequently isolated with 212 strains from 155 patients, and 96.2% of these strains were susceptible to C/T. The median duration of C/T treatment was 16.1 days (1–115, n = 176). Complete or partial cure was achieved in 71.7% of patients, C/T was discontinued upon adaptation to microbiology results in 11.3% of patients for the following reasons: treatment failure in 2.8%, death in 4.0%, adverse events in 1.7%, and other in 8.5%.

Conclusions
This is the first prospective observational study of C/T utilization in a health care setting enrolling many patients in France. C/T demonstrated a high rate of clinical effectiveness in MDR infections, confirming it as an effective treatment option for complicated infections in a high-risk population.
Attributable Cost of Adult Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness Beyond the Acute Phase
Authors: Averin Ahuva , Atwood Mark , Sato Reiko , Yacisin Kari , Begier Elizabeth , Shea Kimberly , Curcio Daniel , Houde Linnea , Weycker Derek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Estimates of the cost of medically attended lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults, especially beyond the acute phase, is limited. This study was undertaken to estimate the attributable costs of RSV-LRTI among US adults during, and up to 1 year after, the acute phase of illness.

Methods
A retrospective observational matched-cohort design and a US healthcare claims repository (2016–2019) were employed. The study population comprised adults aged ≥18 years with RSV-LRTI requiring hospitalization (RSV-H), an emergency department visit (RSV-ED), or physician office/hospital outpatient visit (RSV-PO/HO), as well as matched comparison patients. All-cause healthcare expenditures were tallied during the acute phase of illness (RSV-H: from admission through 30 days postdischarge; ambulatory RSV: during the episode) and long-term phase (end of acute phase to end of following 1-year period).

Results
The study population included 4526 matched pairs of RSV-LRTI and comparison patients (RSV-H: n = 970; RSV-ED: n = 590; RSV-PO/HO: n = 2966). Mean acute-phase expenditures were $42 179 for RSV-H (vs $5154 for comparison patients), $4409 for RSV-ED (vs $377), and $922 for RSV-PO/HO (vs $201). By the end of the 1-year follow-up period, mean expenditures—including acute and long-term phases—were $101 532 for RSV-H (vs $36 302), $48 701 for RSV-ED (vs $27 131), and $28 851 for RSV-PO/HO (vs $20 523); overall RSV-LRTI attributable expenditures thus totaled $65 230, $21 570, and $8327, respectively.

Conclusions
The cost of RSV-LRTI requiring hospitalization or ambulatory care among US adults is substantial, and the economic impact of RSV-LTRI may extend well beyond the acute phase of illness.
Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Predictors of Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults With Tuberculosis or HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kibirige Davis , Owarwo Noela , Kyazze Andrew Peter , Morgan Bethan , Olum Ronald , Bongomin Felix , Andia-Biraro Irene 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the high frequency of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in patients with tuberculosis or HIV, its diagnosis is often missed or delayed resulting in increased mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to document the prevalence, significant clinical features, and predictors of AI in adult patients with tuberculosis or HIV.

Methods
We systematically searched databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Africa Journal Online) for published studies on AI in adult patients with tuberculosis or HIV. The pooled prevalence of AI was determined by a random-effect model meta-analysis. A narrative review was used to describe the significant clinical features and predictors of AI in adult patients with tuberculosis or HIV.

Results
A total of 46 studies involving 4044 adults were included: 1599 with tuberculosis and 2445 with HIV. The pooled prevalence of AI was 33% (95% CI, 22%–45%; I2 = 97.7%, P &lt; .001) in participants with tuberculosis and 28% (95% CI, 18%–38%; I2 = 98.9%, P &lt; .001) in those with HIV. Presentation with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, abdominal pain, salt craving, myalgia, increased severity and duration of tuberculosis disease, and the absence of nausea predicted AI in participants with tuberculosis in 4 studies. Cytomegalovirus antigenemia positivity, rifampicin therapy, and eosinophilia &gt;3% predicted AI in participants with HIV in 2 studies.

Conclusions
AI is relatively common in adults with tuberculosis or HIV. Its timely screening, diagnosis, and management in patients with these 2 conditions should be encouraged to avert mortality.
The Ties that Will Always Bind: EU Competition Law and the Single Market
Authors: Albors-Llorens Albertina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that, in the aftermath of the Modernisation period, the single market imperative remains as alive as ever in the landscape of EU Competition law and continues to pervade current challenges such as those underlining recent legislative initiatives, the fight against cartels and the digitalization of the economy. As the European Union and its legal system evolved, criticism was voiced on account of the tensions between that objective and more traditional goals of competition law. An important question was whether, after market integration was largely achieved, competition law could—and should—begin to live a life independent from that objective. This contribution contends that the single market imperative continues to be an essential aspect of the identity of the EU Competition rules and that divesting these rules from it would devaluate the impact of one of the most successful areas of EU law and policy.
The Single Market, the Rule of Law, and Access to EU Courts: Vigilance of Individuals before the EU Courts
Authors: Perišin Tamara , Cambien Nathan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter seeks to put the narrative of the building of the single market in the broader framework of the rule of law and the role of individuals in guarding it. It contains two parts. The first deals with CJEU cases dealing with the rule of law and highlights that such questions arise in different types of judicial proceedings including preliminary reference procedures, infringement actions against Member States, and direct actions against EU institutions or bodies, whereby each of these procedures can be initiated by more than one type of actor. It puts an emphasis on the jurisprudence which arises from actions brought by individual applicants to the General Court. The chapter illustrates the relevance of individual actions in ensuring effective judicial review of possible rule of law violations which could be occurring within one Member State, in a third country or even at the level of the EU itself, and which in the absence of the vigilance of individuals might not have been brought to the attention of EU courts. This section suggests that access of individuals to EU courts might be particularly relevant in situations of a rule of law failure potentially affecting other courts. The second part of the paper thus examines the possibilities for individuals to have access to the EU Courts in light of the most recent jurisprudence on standing in a number of important fields related to the internal market.
The Archaeology of an Examination Paper
Authors: Shaw Jo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using the device of a recently discovered old examination paper, this chapter explores the intersection of the author’s career with that of Stephen Weatherill, placing these careers in the context of the evolution of the European Union as legal order and as polity. The chapter is more akin to a piece of life-writing than a traditional academic paper. None the less, the chapter examines a range of areas of EU law, including constitutional and internal market questions, highlighting the enduring nature of many of the questions about the EU as a polity as well as the changes that have occurred in the UK’s relationship with the EU, since the 2016 referendum on membership.