bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating facilitators and barriers to the routine provision of HIV PrEP in community pharmacies in London
Authors: Alter Marsha , Lakhani Shivali , Alaa Aos , Karki Manisha , Riboli-Sasco Eva , El-Osta Austen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The United Kingdom’s (UK) integration of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) into community pharmacies presents an alternative avenue for supporting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention. Despite its effectiveness, PrEP's accessibility remains hindered by various barriers within community settings. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of pharmacy team members regarding the barriers and facilitators to the routine provision of PrEP in community pharmacies in the UK, as well as any recommendations for mitigating these challenges.

Methods
Exploratory mixed-method cross-sectional study utilising an online survey and semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists and non-pharmacist team members across the North Thames area of London, England.
A convenience sample of 110 pharmacy team members participated in the study, including both pharmacists and non-pharmacists. Two pharmacy technicians and eight pharmacists took part in semi-structured interviews.
Data collection involved a cross-sectional online survey and semi-structured interviews. The survey collected data such as demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes towards PrEP provision, while interviews explored in-depth perceptions, experiences and recommendations.

Results
A significant proportion of respondents expressed a lack of confidence and knowledge regarding PrEP, with training identified as a critical need for facilitating PrEP provision. Additionally, the study highlighted the potential of community pharmacies to increase accessibility of PrEP due to their geographical reach and the trust placed in pharmacists.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates an interest from community pharmacies in London in providing a commissioned PrEP supply service. However, this would need to be in conjunction with training programmes and public health campaigns to equip community pharmacies for effective PrEP provision. Enhancing pharmacists' competencies and raising public awareness could significantly support the current HIV prevention strategies in the UK.
Subnational tailoring of malaria interventions to prioritize the malaria response in Guinea
Authors: Diallo Ousmane Oumou , Diallo Abdourahamane , Toh Kok Ben , Diakité Nouman , Dioubaté Mohamed , Runge Manuela , Symons Tasmin , Diallo Elhadj Marouf , Gerardin Jaline , Galatas Beatriz , Camara Alioune 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In the context of high malaria burden yet limited resources, Guinea’s national malaria programme adopted an innovative subnational tailoring (SNT) approach, including engagement of stakeholders, data review, and data analytics, to update their malaria operational plan for 2024–2026 and identify the most appropriate interventions for each district considering the resources available.

Methods
Guinea’s malaria programme triggered the SNT exercise with a list of decisions that could be informed with local data. The programme established an SNT team, which determined intervention targeting criteria; identified, assembled, and reviewed relevant data sources; stratified malaria risk and its determinants to inform geographical targeting for each intervention; and used mathematical modelling to predict the impact of different intervention mix scenarios. The SNT analysis was performed at the district level, excluding the urban area of Conakry.

Results
Malaria incidence, malaria prevalence, and all-cause under-5 mortality were used for the epidemiological stratification of Guinea. Additional indicators relevant for decision-making including seasonality patterns, insecticide resistance, historical malaria interventions and vaccine coverage were also stratified. Stratified layers were used to inform the targeting criteria for each intervention to identify districts to prioritize for indoor residual spray, dual-action insecticide-treated nets, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), including number of cycles for each eligible district, malaria vaccine, and perennial malaria chemoprevention. Results of the SNT analysis were used to mobilize funding from the Global Fund for scale-up of dual-action nets and expansion of SMC.

Conclusions
SNT allowed Guinea’s national malaria programme to adapt their intervention strategy at the health district level, an unprecedented approach in the country. The use of local data to inform eligibility and prioritization allowed the programme to identify the optimal mix of interventions for each district and to successfully mobilize resources to support their plans.
Whole genome uniparental isodisomy detected using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray in molar pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Okonkwo Onyinye O. , Ortega Veronica , Kane Sheila , Aldrete Galina , Ramirez Paulina , Valente Philip T. , Velagaleti Gopalrao V.N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms consist of complete and partial hydatidiform moles, both of which are considered aberrant conceptuses. Both conditions, complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), differ in histological characteristics, genetic origin and content and clinical features. CHM have a diploid karyotype, mostly 46,XX but lack maternal genetic contribution with all chromosomes of paternal origin. High-resolution SNP microarray testing is an efficient method used to determine the parental contribution of the genomic material in molar pregnancies and confirm the diagnosis.

Case presentation
We present a case of CHM in a 43-year-old, G3P2Ab1 who presented to the emergency department with 2 episodes of heavy bleeding. Chromosome analysis showed a normal 46,XX karyotype but with a homozygous pericentric inversion on chromosome 9. High-resolution SNP microarray studies detected whole genome uniparental isodisomy.

Conclusion
We present a case of CHM with homozygous pericentric inversion on chromosome 9 and whole genome uniparental isodisomy. This case illustrates the efficacy of high-resolution SNP microarray in confirming the diagnosis of CHM.
Roles of mediodorsal thalamus in observational fear-related neural activity in mouse anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Ramesh Kritika , Nair Indrajith R. , Yamamoto Naoki , Ogawa Sachie K. , Terranova Joseph I. , Kitamura Takashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Observational fear (OF) is the ability to vicariously experience and learn from another’s fearful situation, enabling adaptive responses crucial for survival. It has been shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) are crucial for OF. A subset of neurons in the ACC is activated when observing aversive events in the demonstrator, which elicits OF. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the expression of OF-related activity in the ACC remain unexplored. Previous studies have shown that the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is crucial for OF, and MD neurons project to the ACC. Therefore, we hypothesize that the projection from MD to ACC may facilitate the OF-related activity in the ACC. By utilizing in vivo calcium imaging combined with the optogenetic terminal inhibition of MD-ACC pathway, we found that a subset of ACC neurons was activated when observing demonstrator’s fearful situation in male mice. Furthermore, the optogenetic inhibition of the MD-ACC projection during the demonstrator’s aversive moments significantly suppressed the OF-related activity in the ACC. Our data suggests that the MD-ACC projection plays a role in OF-related activity in ACC neurons.
Knowledge and management of Münchausen’s Syndrome by proxy: a survey conducted through the compilation of a questionnaire by pediatricians belonging to the Italian Society of Pediatrics
Authors: Nardello Rosaria , Cordova Giada , Spina Corinne La , Piro Ettore , Serra Gregorio , Corsello Giovanni , Argo Antonina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Munchausen syndrome by proxy represent forms of abuse with long-term psychiatric outcomes. Since the prevalence of Munchausen Syndrome by proxy is uncertain and underestimated, this study aimed to investigate and analyze the phenomenon through the compilation of an anonymous questionnaire that explores the knowledge of the phenomenon and above all its management.

Methods
the study was conducted by sending an anonymous questionnaire to pediatricians who are part of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. The questionnaire consists of 18 multiple choice questions and was completed by 511 professionals.

Results
The main results highlighted that the majority of doctors knows Münchausen Syndrome by proxy. However, when there is a strong suspicion of the syndrome, they mostly seek discussion with the parent or with another specialist instead of referring to the competent authorities.

Conclusions
starting from the consideration that timely diagnosis is fundamental for the protection of the child, we emphasize the urgency of enhancing the recognition and management of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy. Early diagnosis, appropriate reporting, and collaboration with child protection authorities are essential in safeguarding the well-being of vulnerable individuals.
Effect of Self-reported Physical Activity on Glycaemia and Blood Pressure in Healthy Participants from Bissau: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sanca Lilica , Có Cipriano , Namara Nelson , Lopes Aladje , Emanuel Albino , Oliveiros Bárbara , Byberg Stine , Bjerregaard-Andersen Morten , Carvalho Eugénia , Massart Alain , Teixeira Ana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent data show a dramatic increase in non-communicable diseases in developing countries, including cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. Most of these diseases may be preventable and to some extent treatable by alterations in physical activity. We investigated the correlations of physical activity levels, according to energy expenditure [measured in metabolic equivalent minutes per week (METs x min/week)] with fasting glycaemia levels, blood pressure, body compositions and anthropometric variables in participants from Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.

Method
The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess levels of physical activity, by calculating METs x min/week. These were subsequently divided into low, moderate or high physical activity categories in a healthy group of participants. Fasting glucose, arterial blood pressure, body mass index and body fat were also assessed. Data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.

Results
429 participants were included from sports and health facilities around the country. Of these, 187 were highly active (> 3000 MET × min/ week or at least 1500 METs × min/week) and had a mean age of 26.8 ± 7.5 years. 76% (327/429) were male and 24% were female (102/429). The mean energy expenditure was 4866.7 ± 1241.2 METs × min/week and the mean fasting glucose was 94.0 ± 14.1 mg/dl. 4.1% (18/429) of the participants had diabetes and 12.8% (55/429) had hypertension. A significant negative correlation was found between blood glucose and total physical activity (rs = − 0.117, p = 0.015). Sedentary participants had the highest proportion (5.1%) of diabetes and higher rates of hypertension (15.8%). These participants had the highest obesity (10.1%) and overweight prevalence (23.7%). In addition, they also presented the highest percentage (5.1%) of body fat, with 55% of them showing high or very high visceral fat% content. In the sedentary group, a significant positive correlation, was found, indicating a low moderate association, between systolic blood pressure and weekly sitting time, rs(175) = 0.205, p = 0.006.

Conclusion
While high levels of physical activity had a significant impact on glycaemia control, physical activity had no significant impact on blood pressure. However, weekly sitting time may increase blood pressure.
Translation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Rating-of-Fatigue Scale
Authors: Barreira João , Brito João , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Figueiredo Pedro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The Rating-of-Fatigue (ROF) scale is a validated tool to measure changes in perceived fatigue in sports and everyday contexts; thus, this study aimed to translate and validate the Portuguese version of the ROF scale. For this, the study was composed of three phases. Phase 1 involved a comprehensive translation of the ROF scale into Portuguese, followed by a back-translation and a consolidation process to obtain the final version of the ROF scale in Portuguese. In phase 2, the face validity of the scale was assessed. Seventy-three native Portuguese speakers responded to a series of Likert scale items designed to evaluate the purpose of the scale and assess whether it accurately measured the intended construct. In the final phase, the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was assessed during an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, followed by 10 min of passive recovery and a subsequent repetition of the initial 5 min of the test. The study was conducted between October 2023 and June 2024 in Portugal.

Results
The results from phase 1 indicated a high level of comparability and interpretability between the original and back-translated versions, with only minor adjustments made to finalize the Portuguese version of the ROF scale. In phase 2, a high level of face validity was observed. The median score for the item “measures fatigue” was (median [IQR]) was 3.0 [3.0, 4.0] out of 4. After participants were provided with the scale instructions, the face validity score improved significantly (4.0 [3.0, 4.0]; p = 0.001). In phase 3, during the incremental test, very large correlations were observed between ROF, and key physiological and performance indicators, including rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate, oxygen consumption, and power output. Discriminant validity between ROF and RPE was found during the recovery.

Conclusions
The present study indicates that the Portuguese version of the ROF maintains the properties of the original version and can be used effectively in the Portuguese language.
International student mobility, Covid-19, and the labour market: a scoping review
Authors: Mihut Georgiana , Cullinan John , Flannery Darragh , Palcic Donal , Souto-Otero Manuel , Wiers-Jenssen Jannecke , Anabo Icy Fresno , Kasza Georgina , Perez-Encinas Adriana , Bin Qushem Umar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruptions to both international student mobility and labour markets. Against this background, this scoping review documents findings from 35 studies, published between January 2020 and February 2024, that focused on international student mobility, Covid-19, labour market outcomes, and related regulations. The review shows that the Covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted (1) the labour market outcomes of international students before studying abroad, through changes in visa regulations, (2) skill acquisition during their mobility, (3) the duration of their studies, and (4) the availability of jobs during and after their mobility period. These negative impacts occurred at a time when international students’ needs for work were heightened. This ‘double whammy’ was more pronounced among international students from lower socio-economic backgrounds, increasing pre-existing inequalities. It was also affected by students’ residency status and policy changes. These findings underline the critical role that temporality plays in shaping the returns to international student mobility. However, the existing literature on the topic is relatively sparse and has primarily relied upon qualitative approaches and rapid research. Future studies are needed to better understand the impact of Covid-19 on the labour market outcomes of international students.
Glycemic, Cardiorenal, and Weight Implications on Noninsulin Pharmacotherapy for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fetzner Jillian , Rafi Ebne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
The incidence of diabetes is growing at an alarming rate globally. Most of these projected individuals will develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM), raising their risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. This mini-review examines current noninsulin and noninjectable pharmacotherapy focused in T2DM, highlighting the effect on glycemic control and importance of cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

Evidence acquisition
We included population level data and searched the PubMed database for recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and original research articles.

Evidence synthesis
There is a pharmacologic menu of noninsulin-based medications for the treatment of diabetes. Through varying mechanisms, all agents ultimately lead to glycemic improvement to varying degrees. Only a select number of agents are shown to improve important clinical cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Of note, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have improved cardiovascular mortality and time to dialysis in people with diabetes. Likewise, incretin-based therapies have improved important cardiovascular and renal composite outcomes in those with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As a result, agents with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits should be prioritized based on patient risk.

Conclusion
Despite the availability of new medications and technology, published clinical guidelines, and treatment algorithms, most people with diabetes remain above glycemic targets. We encourage clinicians to follow the guidelines and use appropriate medications to lower cardiovascular risk, delay progression of chronic kidney disease, reach glycemic targets, and manage weight.
Sex-Based Differences in Representation of Top Youth Athletes
Authors: James Jessica J. , Hunter Sandra K. , Bueckers Elizabeth P. , Joyner Michael J. , Senefeld Jonathon W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Although emerging research demonstrates that male athletes outperform female athletes before puberty, the impact of these sex-related advantages on ordinal ranking of top performances remains unclear.

Objectives
Among overall top performances of youth track and swimming athletes, we aimed to determine: 1) the proportional number of male compared to female athletes represented and 2) at what age females are no longer represented.

Methods
Finishing times and sex of the top 10 and top 100 performances of youth runners and swimmers between 5-18 years were abstracted from online US-based databases for four running (100 m-800 m) and six freestyle swimming events (50 m-1500 m).

Results
Males represented a greater proportion of the top 10 performances starting at 7 years in running (P = 0.023) and 12 years in swimming (P = 0.023) (averaged across events). Males represented a greater proportion of the top 100 performances starting at 6 years in running (P < 0.001) and 7 years in swimming (P < 0.001) (averaged across events). Females were no longer represented within the top 10 performances starting at ~12 years in running and ~ 13 years in swimming and no longer represented within the top 100 starting at ~14 years in running and ~ 15 years in swimming.

Conclusions
In elite youth athletes, there was a greater proportion (representation) of males within the top 100 running and swimming performances beginning between ages 6 and 7, with females no longer represented between ages 14 and 15. Our findings suggest males are more likely to be represented “on the podium” in open sporting events (not categorized by sex) than females starting at age 6.
A cidade e reconfigurações dos vínculos sociais em tempos metamórficos
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Lima de , Castro Gisela Grangeiro da Silva 
Published: February 2025

Este artigo aborda o espaço urbano contemporâneo sob dois aspectos: o primeiro é previsível e trata das questões da comunicação tecnológica inserida em uma economia imaterial financeira globalizada. O segundo é imprevisível e está relacionado à emergência de um contexto de crises – sanitária, ambiental, econômica e política. Nosso objetivo é contribuir para desvelar as camadas de sentido presentes nos fluxos comunicacionais que incorporam uma nova percepção do espaço urbano no cenário metamórfico, transfigurando as formas de ocupar o mundo e construir relações. Neste sentido, o tempo se impõe como elemento-chave na conquista de um modo de vida que leva em consideração a relação com o entorno e a comunidade. Importante destacar que o fato de estarmos conectados em rede não garante que estejamos nos comunicando, nem estreitando nossos vínculos sociais.
Iza e a “Fé nas maluca”:
Authors: De Souza Nayara Luiza , Pena Câmara Marco Túlio 
Published: February 2025

Ao analisar o amor-próprio a partir de um compromisso que parte da ação de um fazer e um refazer-se consigo mesme/mesma/mesmo, bell hooks (2021) tensiona os imaginários que banalizam a construção identitária proposta por essa modalidade do amor. Destacando o poder da autodefinição como um Collins (2019) possibilitador para o desenvolvimento do amor-próprio, sugerimos observar a representação do enfrentamento a normas patriarcais da branquitude realizado pela cantora brasileira mulher negra cisgênero Iza na produção do álbum AFRODHIT, lançado em 2023. Tomando como obra de análise o videoclipe/ curta-metragem “Fé nas maluca”, propõe-se observar como a produção parte da desconstrução do mito da Vênus para exaltação da liberdade de mulheres que não se acorrentam pela catexia (hooks, 2021).
Palavras-chave: amor-próprio; mulheres negras; videoclipe
Why are girls becoming mothers? Exploring pregnancy determinants among high-risk women in Peru
Authors: Ticona Diana Manuela , Torreblanca-Rodriguez Sebastian M , Condori-Mamani Claudia E , Aquino-Salluca Alejandra , Aquino-Canchari Christian Renzo 
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims Adolescent pregnancy is a significant public health challenge that has biological, psychological and social implications. This study aimed to identify associations between adolescent pregnancy and socioeconomic, gender inequality and reproductive health indicators in Peru. Methods This retrospective ecological study explored the pregnancy rate among adolescents aged 10–14 years using data from the Peruvian online registry system of birth certificates (2017–2021). Indicator data were taken from various sources. Maps and simple linear regression models were used to analyse the association between indicators and the adolescent pregnancy rate. Results From 2017 to 2021, the pregnancy rate among adolescents was 0.28 per 100 live births, with jungle regions showing the highest rates. Completing secondary education (P<0.001) and contraceptive use (P=0.011) were associated with a decrease in pregnancy rate. Conclusions There was a significant association between early adolescent pregnancy and socioeconomic and reproductive health indicators. Implications for practice It is essential to improve access to secondary education and encourage contraceptive use in Peru, as both are linked to early adolescent pregnancy. Public health efforts should prioritise improving socioeconomic conditions and ensuring fair access to reproductive health services, especially in the most vulnerable areas.