bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression Among School Going Adolescents Following Covid Pandemic
Authors: Nandhini Nataraj , Aswini Rajagopal Velu , Naaraayan Sridevi A. 
Published: December 2023

Background: COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown which were its consequences have resulted in both short-term and long-term implications in mental health of adolescents. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among students in the post-COVID period and its risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students studying grades 9–12 in government high schools and higher secondary schools in a city in South India in October and November 2021. A self-administered questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and DASS-21 scale was used. The outcome variable, namely prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression was expressed in proportion with a 95% confidence interval. The relation between an outcome variable and socio-demographic variables was determined by a chi-square test and p value <.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean (standard deviation) age was 15.76 (1.104) years and 50.7% were boys. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of stress, anxiety and depression were 30.3% (25.18–35.88), 47.3% (41.57–53.15) and 56.7% (50.85–62.35), respectively. Maternal illiteracy was significantly associated with stress and depression ( p < .5). Conclusion: Consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic, almost one-third of school-going adolescents aged 14–18 years’ experience stress and almost half of them experience anxiety and depression which is comparable to that observed before the onset of this pandemic.
The Dose-Response Relationship of Atomoxetine for the Treatment of Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Terao Itsuki , Kodama Wakako , Tsuda Haruka 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The present study aimed to meta-analytically estimate the dose-response relationship of atomoxetine for treating children with ADHD. Methods: We systematically searched double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of atomoxetine for treating ADHD in children. The search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, covering articles from their inception until January 20, 2023. In addition, a dose-response meta-analysis was conducted. Results: In this dose-response meta-analysis, 12 double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials involving 2,250 patients were included. The efficacy of atomoxetine increased up to a dosage of 1.4 mg/kg, after which it reached a plateau. Conclusions: The first dose-response meta-analysis of atomoxetine dosing for children with ADHD conducted here enhances the robustness of the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency dose recommendations.
Differential Effects of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Comorbidity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Social Cognition and Empathy
Authors: Özyurt Gonca , Öztürk Yusuf , Tufan Ali Evren , Akay Aynur , İnal Neslihan 
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate social cognition and empathy properties in children among Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) + Attention and Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD); ADHD and healthy controls from Türkiye. Methods: Twenty-two children with DMDD were compared to matched 30 children with ADHD and 60 healthy controls. We administered Affective Reactivity Index (ARI), KaSi Empathy Scale, Kiddie-SADS, and Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) to evaluate Theory of Mind skills to all study participants. Results: DMDD + ADHD group had lower performance in ToM skills and empathy than in two groups. The ARI scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DMDD group than in two groups. It was also found that ARI, empathy, and ToM scores were significantly related in children with DMDD + ADHD. Conclusion: These results might be important to understand the difficulties in social functioning and interpersonal relationship in children with DMDD and ADHD. Children with DMDD may attend specific therapeutic programs which include specific techniques in social cognition, emotion regulation, and irritability.
The Efficiency of Attentional Networks in Takostubo Syndrome: A Study With the Attentional Network Task for Interaction
Authors: Forte Giuseppe , Favieri Francesca , Marotta Andrea , Arcari Luca , Cacciotti Luca , Casagrande Maria 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The role of cardiovascular risk factors in the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment is relevant in aging studies. In this condition, attention is one of the processes less studied, but preliminary evidence suggests an association between cardiometabolic alterations and attentional decline. Attention is not a unitary process but a set of independent systems (Alerting, Orienting, Executive), which can interact in certain conditions to ensure maximum behavioral efficiency. Methods: We investigated attentive networks and their interactions in patients with Takostubo syndrome (TTS). In all, 20 participants with TTS and 20 individuals without cardiovascular pathologies performed an Attention-Network Task for Interaction, which assesses attentional networks and their interactions. Results: Patients with TTS showed an atypical orienting effect when compared to the control group. Moreover, only the control group exhibited an interaction between orienting and alerting. Conclusion: These findings establish the relevance of brain–heart interaction in identifying attentional impairment as a prodrome of progressively severe cognitive impairment in TTS.
Long-term results and explant analysis of the ReMotion total wrist arthroplasty
Authors: Stringer Howard J. , Cash Thomas , Kennedy James A. , Kandemir Göksu , Newton Ashley W. , Joyce Thomas J. , Brown Daniel J. 
Published: December 2023

The ReMotion wrist replacement has good short- to medium-term survival with an acceptable complication profile as we previously reported in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We now report the long-term results of the same cohort and details of explant analysis of revisions undertaken for aseptic loosening. A total of 16 wrists were reviewed. Seven prostheses remain in situ with no obvious signs of wear or radiological loosening at a mean follow-up of 15.5 years. Three wrists had been revised: one for infection and two for aseptic loosening. Five patients (six wrists) died 2–9 years after operation from unrelated causes. Explant analysis demonstrated relatively minor wear compared with the published results of the Universal-2 prosthesis. We hypothesize that this may be explained by differences in polyethylene sterilization and prosthetic design. The ReMotion wrist replacement has favourable long-term results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with a 16-year survival rate of 78%–86%. Level of evidence: IV
Operative Treatment of Tarlov Cysts - Outcomes and Predictors of Improvement after Surgery: A Series of 97 Consecutive Patients and a Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Abdi Delshad , Huttunen Jukka , Leinonen Ville , Savolainen Sakari , Danner Nils 
Published: December 2023

Study Design A register-based retrospective series and a systematic review of literature Objectives Tarlov cysts are meningeal cysts typically found in the sacral region. They have a dualistic nature ranging from an incidental finding to a symptomatic pathology. There are no established treatment protocols and predictors of operative outcome. Therefore, we aimed to study the outcome of surgical treatment for Tarlov cysts and to characterize patient-, and treatment-related factors predicting outcomes. Methods A systematic review of previous literature was performed and a retrospective cohort of all patients operated on for Tarlov cysts at BLINDED between 1995 and 2020 was collected. Patient records were evaluated along with radiological images. Results Ninety-seven consecutive patients were identified with follow-up data available for 96. Improvement of symptoms after surgery was observed in 76.0% of patients (excellent or good patient-reported outcome) and the complication rate was 17.5%. Sacral or lower back pain as a preoperative symptom was associated with improvement after surgery ( P = .007), whereas previous lower back surgery was more common in patients who did not benefit from surgery ( P = .034). No independent predictors of outcome were identified in a regression analysis. Conclusions This is the second-largest study on the treatment of Tarlov cysts ever published. Operative treatment in a selected patient population will likely produce improvement in the symptoms when balanced with the complication rate and profile of surgery. Preoperative lower back or sacral pain is a potential indicator for improvement after surgery.
Association of Obesity and Plantar Fasciitis in Patients With Plantar Heel Spurs
Authors: Lee Wonyong , Metgud Neha , Moore Michelle 
Published: December 2023

Background: Although its pathophysiology is not clear, the presence of a plantar heel spur has been considered a cause of heel pain in plantar fasciitis. This study investigated demographic and radiographic differences between a plantar fasciitis patient group with plantar heel spur and the age/sex-matched control group with plantar heel spur. Methods: Patients who visited the office under the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and had a plantar heel spur were compared to an age/sex-matched control group who visited the office with other foot and ankle issues except for heel pain. All patients in both the control and case groups had radiographically proven presence of a plantar heel spur. Demographics and radiographic findings between the 2 groups were compared, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors that are associated with plantar fasciitis symptoms. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the plantar fasciitis study group (PF+S) and age/sex-matched control group (C+S). BMI was higher in the study group than in the control group: 35.2 vs 30.9 ( P = .002). The size of the plantar heel spur was larger in the study group than in the control group: 5.9 vs 4.6 mm ( P = .017). A multivariable regression analysis identified that obesity (BMI > 30, odds ratio [OR] = 2.675) and the size of plantar heel spur >5.3 mm (OR = 2.642) were associated with PF+S. Conclusion: We found an association of both obesity and increased average plantar heel spur length on lateral radiographs in patients with painful plantar fasciitis compared to patients without plantar fasciitis but with plantar heel spurs. The presence of a plantar heel spur alone did not account for the symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative case study.
HCC1, a Polygalacturonase, Regulates Chlorophyll Degradation via the Ethylene Synthesis Pathway
Authors: Liao Yongxiang , Xiang Bing , Xue Zhenzhen , Ali Asif , Li Yong , Li Mengyuan , Wei Aiji , Xin Jialu , Guo Daiming , Liao Yingxiu , Tian Yunfeng , Zhao Zhixue , Xu Peizhou , Zhang Hongyu , Chen Xiaoqiong , Liu Yutong , Zhou Hao , Xia Duo , Du Kangxi , Wu Xianjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChlorophyll degradation is an important physiological process and is essential for plant growth and development. However, how chlorophyll degradation is controlled at the cellular and molecular level remains largely elusive. Pectin is a main component of the primary cell wall, and polygalacturonases (PGs) is a group of pectin-hydrolases that cleaves the pectin backbone and release oligogalacturonide. Whether and how PGs affect chlorophyll degradation metabolism and its association with ethylene (ETH) have not been reported before. Here, we report a novel function of PG in a mutant ‘high chlorophyll content1’ hcc1, which displayed a decrease in growth and yield. Our morphological, biochemical and genetic analyses of hcc1, knockout lines and complementation lines confirm the function of HCC1 in chlorophyll degradation. In hcc1, the PG activity, ETH content and D-galacturonic acid (D-GA) was significantly decreased and showed an increase in the thickness of the cell wall. Exogenous application of ETH and D-GA can increase ETH content and induce the expression of HCC1, which further can successfully induce the chlorophyll degradation in hcc1. Together, our data demonstrated a novel function of HCC1 in chlorophyll degradation via the ETH pathway.
Ligilactobacillus Salivarius improve body growth and anti-oxidation capacity of broiler chickens via regulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Authors: Yang Jiajun , Wang Jing , Liu Zongliang , Chen Jun , Jiang Jiajing , Zhao Minmeng , Gong Daoqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCertain strains of probiotic bacteria can secret functional substances namely digestive enzymes and functional peptides to regulate physiological conditions such as digestion and anti-oxidation, which are often incorporated in industrial broiler chick production. However, few studies have detailed the action mechanisms and effects of these bacteria on regulating growth and anti-oxidation levels in broiler chickens. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a strain of probiotic bacteria used as dietary supplement. In the present study, Ligilactobacillus salivarius was evaluated for its secreted digestive enzymes in vitro. To detailed evaluate the action mechanisms and effects of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota on alleviating anti-oxidation levels of broiler chickens through the gut-brain axis. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was cultured and supplemented in the food of broilers to evaluate the probiotic effect on growth and anti-oxidation by modulation of gut microbial composition and its functional metabolites using metagenomic and metabolomic assays. Biochemical results showed that Ligilactobacillus salivarius secreted digestive enzymes: protease, lipase, and amylase. Broiler chickens with Ligilactobacillus salivarius supplemented for 42 days, showed increased body weights, a reduced oxidative status, decreased malondialdehyde levels, and improved activities rates of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase IIand IV improved. The microbial composition of caecum was more abundant than those broiler without probiotics supplementation, owing 400 of total number (489) of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU). The genera of Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Ruminoccoccaceae, Ruminococcus, Alistipes and Helicobacter shared the dominant proportion of Candidatus _Arthromitus compared with the control chickens. These functional bacteria genera assisted in the transportation and digestion of amino acids, carbohydrates, and ions, synthesis of cellular membranes, and anti-oxidation. Uncultured_organism_g_ Anaerosporobacter, Lactobacillus salivarius, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Peptococcus were strongly and positively correlated with body growth performance and anti-oxidation. A metabonomic assay suggested that the secreted of gamma-aminobutyric acid and monobactam was metabolized according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In conclusion, Ligilactobacillus salivarius optimized microbial composition of the caecum and secreted functional peptides through gut-brain axis to improve the body growth and antioxidation of broiler chicken.
Rapid intestinal and systemic metabolic reprogramming in an immunosuppressed environment
Authors: Ma Bing , Gavzy Samuel J. , France Michael , Song Yang , Lwin Hnin Wai , Kensiski Allison , Saxena Vikas , Piao Wenji , Lakhan Ram , Iyyathurai Jegan , Li Lushen , Paluskievicz Christina , Wu Long , WillsonShirkey Marina , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Mas Valeria R. , Bromberg Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntrinsic metabolism shapes the immune environment associated with immune suppression and tolerance in settings such as organ transplantation and cancer. However, little is known about the metabolic activities in an immunosuppressive environment. In this study, we employed metagenomic, metabolomic, and immunological approaches to profile the early effects of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, antibiotics, or both in gut lumen and circulation using a murine model. Tacrolimus induced rapid and profound alterations in metabolic activities within two days of treatment, prior to alterations in gut microbiota composition and structure. The metabolic profile and gut microbiome after seven days of treatment was distinct from that after two days of treatment, indicating continuous drug effects on both gut microbial ecosystem and host metabolism. The most affected taxonomic groups are Clostriales and Verrucomicrobiae (i.e., Akkermansia muciniphila), and the most affected metabolic pathways included a group of interconnected amino acids, bile acid conjugation, glucose homeostasis, and energy production. Highly correlated metabolic changes were observed between lumen and serum metabolism, supporting their significant interactions. Despite a small sample size, this study explored the largely uncharacterized microbial and metabolic events in an immunosuppressed environment and demonstrated that early changes in metabolic activities can have significant implications that may serve as antecedent biomarkers of immune activation or quiescence. To understand the intricate relationships among gut microbiome, metabolic activities, and immune cells in an immune suppressed environment is a prerequisite for developing strategies to monitor and optimize alloimmune responses that determine transplant outcomes.
Effect of early antibiotic treatment strategy on prognosis of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Wen Yi , Xu Lili , Zhang Dayi , Sun Wenwu , Che Zaiqian , Zhao Bing , Chen Ying , Yang Zhitao , Chen Erzhen , Ni Tongtian , Mao Enqiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic use in the early stages of acute pancreatitis is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of early antibiotic application on the prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Materials and methods
Clinical data of patients with primary AP admitted to our emergency ward within 72 hours of onset were retrospectively collected from January 2016 to December 2020. We classified patients with acute pancreatitis according to etiology and disease severity, and compared the differences in hospital stay, laparotomy rate, and in-hospital mortality among AP patients who received different antibiotic treatment strategies within 72 hours of onset.

Results
A total of 1134 cases were included, with 681 (60.1%) receiving early antibiotic treatment and 453 (39.9%) not receiving it. There were no significant differences in baseline values and outcomes between the two groups. In subgroup analysis, patients with biliary severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) who received early antibiotics had lower rates of laparotomy and invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as shorter hospital stays compared to those who did not receive antibiotics. In logistic regression analysis, the early administration of carbapenem antibiotics in biliary SAP patients was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality rate. Early antibiotic use in biliary moderate-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) reduced hospital stays and in-hospital mortality. Quinolone combined with metronidazole treatment in biliary mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) shortened hospital stays. Early antibiotic use does not benefit patients with non-biliary AP.

Conclusion
Strategies for antibiotic use in the early stages of AP need to be stratified according to cause and disease severity.
Nomogram incorporating Epstein-Barr virus DNA and a novel immune-nutritional marker for survival prediction in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wu Shuting , Yuan Xiaofei , Huang Haoran , Li Yanfei , Cui Linchong , Lin Danfan , Lu Wenxuan , Feng Huiru , Chen Zilu , Liu Xiong , Tan Jiajie , Wang Fan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Since Immune response, nutritional status and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) DNA status have been confirmed to be relevant to the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we believe that the combination of these factors is of great value for improving the predictive ability. LA (lymphocytes × albumin), a novel indicator, had not been studied yet in NPC. We combined it with EBV DNA and used nomograms to increase the accuracy of prognosis.

Methods
A total of 688 NPC patients were retrospectively reviewed and further divided into training and validation cohort randomly. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to to distinguish the different survival outcomes. Multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Calibration curves, concordance indexes (C-indexes) and decision curve analyses (DCA) were used to evaluate the nomograms’ predictive value.

Results
Patients with low LA and positive EBV DNA correlated with poorer 5-year PFS and OS (all P < 0.005). In multivariate Cox analyses, LA and EBV DNA were both confirmed to be independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS (all P < 0.05). Prognostic nomograms incorporating LA and EBV DNA achieved ideal C-indexes of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65–0.73) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71–0.82) in the prediction of PFS and OS. Otherwise, the calibration curves and DCA curves also revealed that our nomograms had pleasant predictive power.

Conclusions
LA is a novel and powerful biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in NPC. Our nomograms based on LA and EBV DNA can predict individual prognosis more accurately and effectively.