bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular complications of leprosy in Cameroon
Authors: Mvogo Côme Ebana , Bella‐Hiag Assumpta Lucienne , Ellong Augustin , Achu Joko Henry , Nkeng Protest Fonguazi 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the main ocular complications of leprosy in Cameroon.Patients and Methods:It is a prospective cross‐sectional study which took place from July 1998 to January 1999 in five leprosaria in Cameroon. The ophthalmological examination of all patients was performed by the same team.Results: Of the 218 patients examined, 60.1% were males and 39.9% females. 72.5% had a paucibacillary leprosy and 27.5% a multibacillary form. 77.5% of patients had at least one ocular lesion and 38.3% of eyes had visual acuity ≤1/10. Madarosis and anterior uveitis were more frequent in multibacillary forms while lagophthalmos and cataract were so in paucibacillary forms.Conclusion: Ocular complications are frequent in leprosy in Cameroonians. It is a true public health problem and it is important to prevent these lesions by early diagnosis and adequate treatment.
Exercise and iris concavity in healthy eyes
Authors: Haargaard Birgitte , Jensen Peter Koch , Kessing Svend V. , Nissen Ole I. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To study the effect of exercise on the configuration of the anterior chamber angle in healthy persons.Methods: Both eyes of 22 healthy persons were scanned by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy. Before and after 10 minutes of exercise the anterior chamber angle and the area of the peripheral anterior chamber were measured on the scannings.Results: After exercise the anterior chamber angle/peripheral area increases in all eyes due to changes in the iris configuration. The myopic group shows the largest change.Conclusion: Reverse pupillary block (iris concavity) is not pathognomonic in pigmentary glaucoma, it occurs in all normal eyes after exercise, most pronounced in myopics. Consequently, the difference between physiological and pathological reverse pupillary block has to be clarified.
Localised changes in glaucomatous visual fields after trabeculectomy
Authors: Vuori Marja‐Liisa , Vainio‐Jylhä Elina , Viitanen Tommi T. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Background and Objective: Modern techniques of automated perimetry have shown that surgical reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) may have a beneficial effect on the glaucomatous visual field. The purpose of the present study was to analyse and quantify the changes in the visual fields of glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy.Materials and Methods: Octopus visual fields of twenty‐seven glaucoma patients were analysed. Change in visual field mean sensitivity (MS) was calculated to detect total field changes. A clinical and a statistical analysis of small clusters of test points were used to define whether local changes had occurred.Results: MS in the operated eyes improved significantly from 16.4±5.6 to 18.2±5.5 dB. The patients had on average 3.9±6.2 clusters where the retinal sensitivity had improved at least 5 dB and only 0.4±0.9 clusters where sensitivity had deteriorated at least 5 dB after trabeculectomy. 17 patients had more improved than deteriorated clusters postoperatively.Conclusion: Statistically significant improvement was seen in the MS, but improvement was also found in small local areas of the visual fields after trabeculectomy.
Intraocular pressure over 24 hours after single‐dose administration of latanoprost 0.005% in healthy volunteers. A randomized, double‐masked, placebo controlled, cross‐over single center study
Authors: Larsson Lill‐Inger 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To measure the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) over 24 hours after single‐dose administration of latanoprost 0.005%.Patients and Methods: A randomized, double‐masked placebo‐controlled cross‐over study was carried out. Twenty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% or placebo, with a 2‐week wash‐out period before switching therapy. After hospitalization, the IOP was measured repeatedly over 24 hours, and again after 36 and 48 hours.Results: The maximum IOP reduction for latanoprost occurred 12 hours after the dose with IOP 11.7±0.5 mmHg (least square mean±standard standard error of the mean [SEM]) for latanoprost and 13.5±0.5 mmHg for placebo. The difference of 1.8±0.6 mmHg was statistically significantly in favor of latanoprost (p=0.01; ANCOVA, confidence interval (CI) [−3.1; −0.5] mmHg). The average time to onset of action, defined as 50% of the maximal IOP reduction, was 6.0 hours for latanoprost. Latanoprost consistently reduced IOP over 24 hours after drop application with a difference in IOP reduction of 1.1±0.5 mmHg (p=0.03, CI [−2.1, 0.1]) at 24 hours. The corresponding IOP difference at 36 hours was 0.7±0.5 mmHg (p=0.20, CI [−1.7, 0.3]), and at 48 hours 0.8±0.5 mmHg (p=0.04, CI [−1.5, 0.0]).Conclusions: Latanoprost applied as a single dose reduced IOP over 24 hours in healthy subjects compared with placebo. The IOP reduction was still present, however, less pronounced, 48 hours after drug application.
Histopathologically verified non‐vascular optic nerve lesions in Denmark 1940–99
Authors: Lindegaard Jens , Heegaard Steffen , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To evaluate the distribution in Denmark of histologically verified optic nerve lesions according to histological diagnosis, gender and age during a period of 60 years and to calculate frequency and possible changes in frequency during the observation period.
Methods:
All optic nerve lesions reported at the Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, during the period 1940–99 were investigated. All similar lesions reported at all pathological departments in Denmark during 1974–99 were also investigated.Results: The number of optic nerve lesions identified totalled 313 in 298 patients. The frequency of histopathological optic nerve lesions was seen to have increased significantly over the last 25 years, and at present, an average of 12 lesions per year are recorded. Lesions in children represented 42% (130). The percentage of lesions suffered by children remained constant throughout the observation period. Benign tumours constituted 33% (44) of the total number of tumours in adults and 61% (62) in children. Frequencies of glioma and optic nerve sheath meningioma increased significantly during the last 25 years. Subjects presenting with optic nerve sheath meningioma exhibited a significant difference in age at presentation: the mean age of women at presentation was seen to be 48.8 years, while the mean age of men at presentation was seen to be 29.7 years. The most frequent lesion seen in children was glioma and in adults invasion from malignant uveal melanoma.Conclusion: Histologically diagnosed optic nerve lesions are rare and consist primarily of tumours. The increase in frequency of optic nerve lesions in Denmark during the last 25 years is due to an increase in the number of benign tumours.
Survival of transplanted human corneal stem cells. Case report
Authors: Stenevi Ulf , Hanson Charles , Claesson Margareta , Corneliusson Eva , Ek Stefan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To report a case history involving long‐term survival of transplanted human corneal stem cells.Methods:  A male patient with severe bilateral chemical burns received six corneal transplants, all of which failed. He subsequently received combined corneal transplants and stem cell transplants, which have remained clear for 3 and 4 years respectively. One of the donors was female. We studied the gender of the epithelial cells of the cheek of the patient and of the two grafts using fixation and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses.Results:  In the graft from the female donor, 30% of the epithelial cells were of female origin. All the epithelial cells from the cheek and the other graft were of male origin.Conclusion:  This case demonstrates that transplanted human corneal stem cells can survive and replicate in the long‐term (3 years) without systemic immunosuppression. The case also indicates that a minority (30%) of healthy transplanted epithelial cells is enough to present a clear graft with a clinically healthy ocular surface.
Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery in Sweden.The 1998 national prospective survey
Authors: Montan Per , Lundström Mats , Stenevi Ulf , Thorburn William 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To investigate the morbidity of postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) following cataract surgery in Sweden in 1998.Methods: Clinically presumed cases of POE were reported in a prospective survey in which all Swedish ophthalmic surgical units except one had agreed to participate. Data on intraocular cultures and visual outcomes at 3 months after infection were supplied. Surgical cases that became infected were identified in the Swedish National Cataract Register, thereby enabling screening for various putative risk factors.Results: The nationwide incidence of POE amounted to 58 cases out of 54 666 cataract operations, or 0.1% of surgical cases. The predominant aetiology was gram‐positive bacteria, which comprised 57% of the material. Acrylic intraocular lenses were found to decrease the risk of POE significantly in comparison to hydrogel and polymethylmethacrylate lenses.Conclusions: The incidence of POE after cataract surgery in Sweden is similar to that currently reported elsewhere in the developed world. We hope that continued registration of cases of POE in Sweden will shed light on the possible influences of various prophylactic measures and different intraocular lens materials on the development of postoperative infection.
Prevalence of refractive errors in young and middle‐aged adults in Norway
Authors: Midelfart Anna , Kinge Bettina , Midelfart Sven , Lydersen Stian 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in the young and middle‐aged adult population in Norway.Methods: Refractive errors were measured in a population‐based sample of young (20–25 years) and middle‐aged (40–45 years) adults participating in the Helseundersøkelse i Nord Trøndelag (HUNT) Health Study, conducted in the County of Nord‐Trøndelag in Norway.Results: A total of 3137 persons (1248 young and 1889 middle‐aged adults) with corrected visual acuity ≥ 0.5 (in either eye) were included in the study. The prevalence of myopia was 35.0% in the young adult group and 30.3% in the middle‐aged group. Myopia was significantly higher in women aged 20–25 years (36.4%) than in men aged 40–45 years (28.1%). Prevalence of hyperopia increased with age from 13.2% (20–25 years) to 17.4% (40–45 years). The highest rate of hyperopia (20.1%) was encountered in middle‐aged women.Conclusion: The results show a slightly higher prevalence of myopia in the general population of Norway than previously estimated.
Dynamics of visual improvement following chiasmal decompression. Quantitative pre‐ and postoperative observations
Authors: Jakobsson Karl‐Erik , Petruson Björn , Lindblom Bertil 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To study early visual restoration following surgical removal of pituitary adenomas compressing the optic chiasm.Methods:  Eleven patients were examined with high‐pass resolution perimetry (HRP) before and after trans‐sphenoidal adenomectomy. Visual fields were examined on the second postoperative day. The result was interpreted in terms of the estimated fraction of functioning retino‐cortical connections.Results:  In the upper and lower temporal visual field quadrants, the mean increases in the fraction of functioning neural channels were 19% (p < 0.001) and 17% (p = 0.001), respectively, on day 2 after surgery. These increased to 35% on day 12. The nasal hemifield showed no change on day 2, but functioning neural channels had increased by 15% on day 5 (p = 0.017). Mean visual acuity improved from 0.6 preoperatively to 1.0 on day 2 (p = 0.030) but did not change significantly thereafter.Conclusion:  All visual field sectors and visual acuity improved after surgery. Improvement starting in the temporal hemifield was already evident on the second postoperative day.
Hyaline‐vascular type Castleman's disease involving both orbits
Authors: Park Keun‐Sung , Choi You‐Jin , Song Kyu‐Sang 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To describe a patient with hyaline‐vascular type Castleman's disease (CD) whose initial examination revealed only upper eyelid mass. Further, to review all aspects of CD.Methods:  Case report. An 18‐year‐old woman initially presented with swelling of both upper eyelids. She underwent an anterior orbitotomy with surgical excision followed by close observation.Results:  Histopathological examination of the upper eyelid mass confirmed the presence of hyaline‐vascular type CD. One year after surgical treatment, the patient is still asymptomatic, with no pathologic clinical or laboratory findings.Conclusions:  Castleman's disease is a rare but valid clinical entity. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic orbital mass. Our understanding of CD has advanced recently. The treatment modalities for CD (e.g. surgical excision, radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy) are usually curative and optimizing. Castleman's disease involving the orbital area is now attracting ophthalmological interest.
Castleman's disease in the orbit. A 20‐year follow‐up
Authors: Alyahya Ghassan Ayish , Prause Jan Ulrik , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To report a case of localized orbital Castleman's disease of mixed cell type with a follow‐up of 20 years.Methods:  A female patient presented at the age of 12 years with constitutional symptoms and left‐sided proptosis. Laboratory tests revealed marked hypergammaglobulinaemia and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), suggesting an immunological disturbance. A CT scan and MRI showed an infiltrating orbital mass lateral to and behind the eye.Results:  Histological examination of orbital biopsies showed a lymphoid lesion consistent with Castleman's disease of the mixed cell type. The patient was treated with systemic steroids, immunosuppressives and irradiation. She is now 33 years old and has been without relapse for the last 7 years.Conclusion:  Orbital involvement in Castleman's disease is very rare. The clinical course, good prognosis and histological picture of the present case favour the diagnosis of localized Castleman's disease of mixed cell type. The successful medical treatment suggests that such a regime may substitute for surgery when the latter proves difficult.
Frequency doubling perimetry in ocular hypertension and chronic open angle glaucoma
Authors: Cellini M. , Torreggiani A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe authors have studied the reliability of frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) in screening glaucomatous disease and in ocular hypertension. The study was made on 30 patients affected by chronic simple open‐angle glaucoma (COAG) and 30 patients with ocular hypertension. MD and PSD variations were evaluated after a W/W perimetry and after FDP. In the COAG patients, FDP confirmed the perimetric alterations found by the W/W method. In the ocular hypertensive patients, with FDP we found a significant PSD increase over that found by the W/W technique: 4.051 ± 0.822 against 2.501 ± 0.928 (P < 0.001). FDP can therefore be put forward as a valid instrument for screening even precocious perimetric defects.
Intraocular pressure and progression of visual field damage
Authors: Brogliatti B. , Rigault R. , Palanza L. , Savio E. , Rolle T. , Fea A. , Boggio Merlo S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryContradicting results concerning IOP control and visual field deterioration are presented. Some of these inconsistencies may be due to the statistical method of analysis. Sixty POAG patients with a perimetric follow‐up over 3 years were selected. Mean and maximum IOPs were considered during the same period. The patients were divided into two groups according to the IOP control (well controlled or poorly controlled). Visual field progression was defined as a reduction in sensitivity over the fifth percentile in more than four points. Mean IOPs were not significantly different in the group of patients with a visual field deterioration compared to the stable ones, but the percentage of patients with a visual field deterioration was significantly higher in patients with higher IOPs. This holds especially true if IOP below 16 mmHg (G) is considered the ‘target pressure’. IOP reduction seems to play an essential role in visual field progression. In glaucomatous patients, a strict (<16 mmHg (G)) might be necessary.
Dynamics of mucosal dimensions after root coverage with a bioresorbable membrane
Authors: Müller Hans‐Peter , Stahl Marianne , Eger Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: So far, the clinical effects of the placement of a resorbable membrane for guided tissue regeneration have not been studied in humans in great detail. The dynamics of the resorptive processes, in particular, appear to be rather speculative. In the present longitudinal study, specific alterations of the dimensions of the dentogingival mucosa were explored after surgical root coverage by using a bioresorbable membrane and a coronally‐repositioned flap.Methods: The study population consisted of 14 patients with a total of 31 predominantly shallow, Miller class I, II or III recessions. The thickness of the masticatory and lining mucosa before and after surgical intervention was measured with an ultrasonic device.Results: Mean (±sd) recession depth and width were 2.85±1.29 and 4.46±1.14 mm, respectively. After 12 months, 51±29% of the recession depth (p<0.001) and 13±35% of its width (n.s.) were covered. Root coverage seems to be rather defect‐type sensitive with best results obtained at canines with relatively shallow recessions. Mucosal thickness was considerably increased after surgery with a gradual decrease during the following 9 months. Thus, thickness of the marginal tissue rose from 0.82±0.27 mm to 1.49±0.54 mm 3 months after placement of the membrane (p<0.001). After 12 months, a mean thickness of 1.03±0.40 mm was observed (p<0.001). Even more pronounced alterations were noted for the alveolar lining mucosa with a threefold increase of thickness 3 months after surgery and a gradual decrease to about 1 mm after 12 months.Conclusions: The present results point to the considerable space making capacity of the bioresorbable membrane which probably allows for the ingrowth of a granulation tissue derived from the underlying structures. The gradual decline in mucosal thickness between months 6 and 9 after surgery may be paralleled by the maturation of the granulation tissue while complete resorption of the membrane had been accomplished.
Attributions to dental and diabetes health outcomes
Authors: Kneckt Mirka C. , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija H. , Knuuttila Matti L. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPrevious studies have proposed common psychological factors between oral health behavior and diabetes self‐care. The aim here was to describe and analyse more comprehensively the relationships between dental and diabetes health behavior on the basis of attribution theory. The likeness between subjects' own assessments, similarities of the causes given to success and failure, and the predictive power of own dental assessments concerning the metabolic balance of diabetes were studied. The research population was composed of 149 IDDM patients. Data were collected by means of a quantitative questionnaire, a clinical oral examination and from patient records. It was found that from the patients reporting success with avoiding gingivitis 82% also reported success with metabolic status and they also had lower mean HbA1c levels than patients assessing failure with gingivitis. There were some correlations between causes of failure: not bothering to clean approximal surfaces correlated with non‐adherence to diabetes treatment instructions, and laziness as the cause of caries correlated with non‐adherence to diabetes treatment instructions and with poor motivation for diabetes care. It can be concluded that there are some common determinants for both dental health behavior and diabetes self‐care. This connection should be taken into account in health education by health care professionals.
Comparison of a double‐textured prototype manual toothbrush with 3 branded products
Authors: Claydon N. , Leech K. , Addy M. , Newcombe R. G. , Ley F. , Scratcher C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The consensus has been that there is no one superior design of manual toothbrush for plaque removal, despite, in some cases, encouraging findings from laboratory studies. The user appears the major variable and may mask differences in brush efficacy.Aims: The aim of this study was to compare 2 new double‐filament texture brushes with 3 established brands for plaque removal, under standardised conditions of professional brushing.Method: The study was a blind, randomised crossover design, balanced for residual effects. A panel of 15 subjects suspended tooth cleaning for 3 days. On day 4, plaque was scored from 6 sites per tooth before and after a 2‐min professional toothbrushing. A washout period of at least 3 days was allowed between study periods.Results: Overall plaque removal was 50% with no significant differences between brushes, a 3% absolute difference in average total mouth plaque separating brushes. However, at upper‐ and mid‐buccal sites, a not significant 8% and a significant 9% difference, respectively, in plaque removal were recorded in favour of one of the prototype brushes, and at the mid‐lingual site, there was a non‐significant 10% difference in favour of one branded brush. Other sites were cleaned similarly by all brushes except for reduced plaque removal from buccal compared to lingual surfaces and interproximal compared to mid‐surface sites. Highly significant subject differences in plaque removal were noted which may be relevant to inherent anatomical difficulties in tooth cleaning for some individuals. Period effects were not significant, supporting the consistency in brushing by the professional brusher.Conclusion: The method appeared capable of detecting small benefits of brush design. However, the benefits reported must be taken within the context of an overall lack of difference between brushes. The method could be used to set and record a minimum level of efficacy for toothbrushes.
Resolution of interdental inflammation with 2 different modes of plaque control
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Sawaf Hazem , Warncke Michael , Welk Alexander 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground, aims: The aim of the study was to assess the effect on existing plaque and gingivitis of an oral hygiene regimen which utilizes triclosan/copolymer and to compare it with a regimen which uses interdental cleaning devices to control the interdental inflammation.Method: For this investigation, 39 subjects were recruited. They were examined for plaque and gingivitis using the criteria of Turesky modification of the Quigley‐Hein index and the papillary bleeding index. Plaque and gingivitis were only scored interdentally. Following the baseline examination, the subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The control group used a dentifrice identical to the test dentifrice but without triclosan/copolymer; subjects in this group were taught to brush their teeth with the modified Bass technique and were instructed to additionally use appropriate interdental cleaning devices. The test group used a dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer (Colgate Total). They were not instructed to use interdental cleaning devices.Results: Both groups were re‐examined after 4 weeks, and 4 and 7 months. In both groups, plaque and gingivitis levels were modestly reduced, more pronounced in the anterior and less in the posterior teeth.Conclusions: This investigation demonstrated that a dentifrice containing triclosan in combination with a copolymer can reduce plaque and gingival inflammation to levels comparable to regular interdental cleaning.