bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement and Structural Ambiguity in Double Object Constructions
Authors: Dikken Marcel den 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discussion in chapter 3 was primarily concerned with the D-structure representation of triadic constructions, and the nature of Dative Shift. In this chapter, a number of S-structure phenomena associated with double object constructions will be addressed. These will be shown to lend further support to a number of ingredients of the analysis of Dative Shift presented in chapter 3. Some will moreover be seen to constitute arguments for the view that double object constructions are in principle structurally ambiguous between ‘‘genuine’’ Dative Shift constructions and “covert” prepositional dative constructions featuring an empty dative preposition. In this section I shall be concerned with the restrictions on A’-movement of the double object Goal. It will be shown that, while overt wh-movement of the indirect object in a double object construction is generally possible, this constituent resists being the input to EMPTY OPERATOR MOVEMENT. Given a number of independently plausible assumptions, we can derive from this an important argument in favour of the inclusion of an empty dative preposition in the structure of the double object construction (cf. also Kayne 1984; Czepluch 1982). In the literature on double object constructions, applicatives and Dative Shift, a recurrent theme is the fact that, in many languages, indirect (or applied) objects appear to resist being A’-moved. Since so much attention has been paid to it, and since its weight as an argument for or against a particular analysis of triadic constructions is generally considerable, it is important to first present a concise inventory of the relevant data.
Conclusions
Authors: Dikken Marcel den 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Verbal particles, independent or affixal, are numerous and cross-linguistically pervasive. Their distribution and placement are subject to constraints, a proper understanding of which yields insight into the structure of various secondary predicative constructions. Starting out from a detailed analysis of the properties of complex particle constructions, this study has brought forth accounts of triadic constructions and Dative Shift, and the relationship between dative and transitive causative constructions, all of them built on the basic structural template proposed for complex particle constructions. The foundations of this study are laid in chapter 2, in which the structure of constructions containing a verbal particle and an additional secondary predicate, illustrated in (1), is developed. The chapter is opened by presenting evidence for the two central tenets of the analysis, the view that particles are small clause (SC) predicates, and that the same holds for the boldface phrases in the examples in (1). Eliminating an analysis of complex particle constructions according to which the SCs projected by the boldface constituents are generated in the subject position of the particle headed SC (cf. Kayne 1985), chapter 2 proceeds to fleshing out an account built on the premise that the particles occurring in these constructions are unaccusativeSC heads, taking the additional SC as their complement, as in (2):
Introduction
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study is intended as a complement to The Idea of the Jewish State, published by Ben Halpern in 1961 (second edition 1969). In that volume, historical and sociological analyses are applied to the study of Jewish nationalism. Some of the methodology problems of such an attempt, with its combination of approaches, were dealt with briefly in the appendix to the first edition of The Idea of the Jewish State as well as in the prefatory note to the second edition. I will add here only comments necessary to clarify the differences in the problem and approach of this book in comparison with the earlier study. The Idea of the Jewish State deals with the development of “the idea.” It describes the emergence of a central conception-the notion of Jewish sovereignry-in the ideological complex that defines the historic purpose that present-day Israel seeks to realize. It is, then, a study in social and intellectual history, employing primarily standard historiographical methods, but with such additional minimum sociological assumptions as the problem seems to require. This volume, as indicated by its tide, Zionism and the Creation of a New Society, deals with the emerging society that the Zionist movement sought to organize in accordance with its historically defined ideological purpose-in accordance, that is, with “the idea” and its varied institutional expressions.
Settlers and Patrons
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In three years, 1882-84, eight permanent Jewish settlements were founded in Palestine, including the rebuilt villages of Rosh Pina and Petah Tikvah. Then the movement came to a temporary halt under the pressure of Turkish opposition to the influx of Jews. It was not immediately clear how decisive was the policy adopted by the Turkish government; nor was it evident from the start that Jewish immigrants would face a focused hostility from the Arabs. Anti-Western hostility in the nineteenth century had led primarily to attacks against Christians; Jews suffered in such upheavals mostly as an effect of violence directed against others. As for the government, some officials showed an appreciation of the argument that Jews, as well as Muslim immigrants, could prove to be a safe and useful resource for economic development that would expand the imperial tax base.
The Conflict of Tradition and Idea
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early Zionism had a history of continual frustration. Yet oppressive conditions in Russia and Rumania, together with the corrupt inefficiency of the Ottoman administration, kept the philZionist movement alive, and traditional sentiments, together with the responsibility for a common project of social and economic reform, bolstered the uneasy union of its disparate elements. Theodor Herzl’s World Zionist Organization, committed as it was to a strategy of open politics, was hampered by the same legal difficulties as the Hovevei Zion in Russia. Special circumstances induced the government to sanction a national convention of Russian Zionists in Minsk in 1902. Thenew minister of the interior, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich von Plehve, was visited by Herzl in the following year and gave him the impression that public Zionist activity would be permitted, on condition that it be confined to removing Jews from Russia (which the government considered desirable) and refrain from nationalist activity within the country (which the government considered dangerous). In spite of Herzl’s hopes, however, legal sanction was then ordered withdrawn from the Zionists. They were unable to function freely until the 1905 uprisings, which for a time brought broader political liberties to all Russian parties.
Zionism and the Left
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socialist and labor Zionist groupings appeared in Russia and Austria during the turbulent years that bridged the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At the Seventh Zionist Congress, in 1905, they were no longer represented merely by individual delegates, but appeared as organized factions in the WZO. Jewish labor parties arose out of the same anomalous situation that produced Zionism itself, as well as all other modern Jewish ideologies. Because Jews were both a dissident religion and a depressed group, the liberal leaders of Western Jewries found they could not rely solely on civic emancipation and religious toleration to solve the Jewish problem. They had to develop programs of cultural, social, and economic amelioration. The late-nineteenth-century leftist ideologues, who were concerned primarily with social and economic issues, similarly found that they could not deal with the problems of Eastern and East-Central European Jewries without confronting the issues of emancipation and antisemitism. Because liberals and leftists focused on different aspects of the same anomalous general-Jewish situation, and they arose in different regions at different periods, they developed their views in response to characteristically different gentile counterparts or adversaries.
Growth of the Zionist Parties
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
World War I radically altered all current presuppositions of the Zionist enterprise. The British Balfour Declaration of November 2, 1917, and similar statements of other Allies held out the promise, at the war’s end, of a new legal status explicitly favorable to the idea of a “national home for the Jewish people.” The Mandate for Palestine, which recognized Zionist historic claims and granted the WZO the rights and powers that embodied essential elements of the charter that Herzl envisioned, made good this pledge.
The Transition from Yishuv to State
Authors: Halpern Ben , Reinharz Jehuda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
l”he new State of Israel, born to independence on May 14, 1948, arose upon the foundation of a society that was itself young and incomplete. In the first years of its existence, Israel absorbed a mass of immigrations equal in number to its original population but sharply different in many significant social, economic, and cultural traits. What does it mean, then, if under these circumstances one speaks of the social structure of the new Jewish state? Obviously, an analysis of the structure of a society implies a description of its stable elements. But only the future can really tell us how far and in what respects Israel today exhibits the elements of stability characteristic of older, better-established societies. Thus, a description of Israel’s social structure is necessarily a venture in prediction. The best approach may be to analyze Israel’s most significant unsolved social problems-that is, those, whose solution is likely to have the most significant historic effect.
Classificatory Particles in Kilivila: Grammatical and Discourse Functions
Authors: Senft Gunter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we will look at the grammatical and discourse functions of the Kilivila system of CPs, including the morphological relevance of CPs with respect to Kilivila inflectional morphology and the functions that are assigned to CPs in Kilivila. The Kilivila system of CPs contains at least 177 formatives. (Section 3.3.1 lists these CPs in detail.) I assume that with all the subtle and very specific differentiations possible, there are probably more than 200 CPs in Kilivila. Moreover, if we keep in mind all the pragmatic functions CPs can serve, the Kilivila CP system can even be regarded as basically open; here it has to be noted, however, that at least so far no loanword has been incorporated completely or in part into the inventory of Kilivila CPs (see G. Senft 1991a, 1992a).
Excursus: Language, Culture, and Cognition?
Authors: Senft Gunter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I will discuss possible interdependencies between language, culture, and cognition as they relate to the CP system in Kilivila. This is a venture that requires great caution. I am certaintly aware that most of what will be said in this chapter is highly speculative; nevertheless, I dare to set out on the rather uncertain ground of speculation recalling Albert Szent-Gyorgyi’s statement, quoted by Koestler (1978:154): “There is but one safe way to avoid mistakes: to do nothing “ The discussion of human categorization has a long philosophical tradition. Royen (1929:1), for example, emphasizes that even the linguistic problem this volume addresses, namely, the question of nominal classification, can be traced back to the Greek sophistic philosopher Protagoras (485-414 B.C.). Obviously, the problems of “category” and “categorization” and especially the interdependencies between category, categorization, and classification, on the one hand, and naming, language.
Trust and the Decision Process
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Trust enriches relationships, fostering cooperation, creativity, and commitment. Mistrust weakens relationships, bringing to them suspicion and deception. Part of the leader’s task has been, and continues to be, working with people to find and solve problems, but whether leaders gain access to the knowledge and creative thinking they need to solve problems depends on how much people trust them. Trust and trust worthiness modulate the leader’s access to knowledge and cooperation.
Leaders distill their attitudes and impressions into one powerful belief: how much they cah trust other people. Others, in turn, make their own estimates of how trustworthy the leader is. The quality and the implementation of decisions ultimately depends on how much leaders and those they work with trust each other. When they trust one another, decision quality and implementation improve. When they mistrust, decision quality and implementation suffer.
Laws of Trust
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Weather systems exhibit patterns of behavior that are sufficiently predictable to allow scientists to forecast the weather. Meteorologists know, for example, that high-pressure weather systems displace low-pressure systems and that wind speed and the amount of turbulence depend on the pressure and temperature gradient along the boundary between two weather systems. As with weather systems, there are reliable patterns of behavior in trust systems that lead to predictable outcomes. The laws of trust say that a particular outcome is likely if leaders do not change the level of trust, and reliable predictions can be made about how trust affects behavior. In this chapter we describe several of these laws of trust. One of the most important laws states that mistrust drives out trust. Other laws state that trust increases cohesion, mistrusting groups self-destruct, trust stimulates productivity, mistrust depresses productivity, and rapid growth masks mistrust. We also discuss the steps leaders can take to deal with the complex and challenging process of increasing trust. These include installing integrative reward systems, initiating reciprocal increases in trust, and analyzing relationships.
The Power of Leaders as Consultants
Authors: Zand Dale E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leaders use consultation much as a photographer uses a wide-angle or zoom lens—to change range and focus, to get a clear image of a fuzzy situation. Leaders consult to find the knowledge they and their subordinates need to understand their complex, changing environment, to diagnose ambiguous problems, and to generate creative solutions. Using consultation, leaders gain the insight to make high-quality decisions. By acting as consultants rather than as commanders, effective leaders use power tactfully, helping people develop perspective and insight. They are also competent clients, seeking the perspective and counsel of their subordinates when shaping decisions.
Consultation, a form of legitimate power, sets aside the barriers of formal authority and allows leaders to explore the knowledge and to promote the trust they need to solve problems. It also increases participation, circumvents the wall of power differences, releases knowledge and increases trust, making it the preferred leadership mode in highly adaptive organizations. When used by effective leaders, consultation is a potent and extremely sensitive exercise of power. Poor leaders, on the other hand, believe that power should be exercised through command, or some variation of command, in which the leader directs and controls dependent followers.
Introduction
Authors: Ferguson Charles A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few linguists in the world today have not been influenced in some way by the work of Charles A. Ferguson. In areas of study ranging from Arabic linguistics to applied linguistics, from child language acquisition to language planning, from language and religion to language universals, from Bengali syntax to American sports announcer talk, seminal papers bear his authorship. He has held academic appointments at universities on five continents (North America, Asia, Europe, Australia, and South America). A festschrift on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday (Fishman et al. 1986) had editors from five continents, and as he has often pointed out with no small degree of satisfaction, from four different religious traditions.
“The Steam Roller Will Have to Grind Me Under”
Authors: Tushnet Mark V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Supreme Court in 1967 was the “right place” and the “right time” for Mar shall in part because it was the heyday of the Warren Court. When Marshall took his seat on the Court at the start of the 1967 Term, he might have expected to. participate in a continuing series of liberal decisions. Chief Justice Earl Warren, appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1953, and Associate Justice William J. Brennan, appointed by Eisenhower three years later, had become the leaders of the Court’s liberal wing. They were regularly joined by Justices William O.
“Vital Interests of a Powerless Minority”
Authors: Tushnet Mark V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in 1868. Five years later, the Supreme Court “doubt[ed] very much whether any action of a State not directed by way of discrimination against the negroes as a class, or on account of their race, will ever be held” to violate the amendment’s equal protection clause. In 1927 Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes called arguments based on equality “the usual last resort” in constitutional litigation.1 By 1967, however, the Court had suggested that the equal protection clause might provide the basis for more vigorous judicial review in the service of equality in areas other than race. The Court’s hints never quite developed into a full-fledged doctrine.
“Now, When a State Acts to Remedy Discrimination’
Authors: Tushnet Mark V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Affirmative action programs increased the controversy over the jurisprudence of equality that arose after Brown v. Board of Education. As school desegregation cases shifted focus from desegregation to integration, they also changed from cases dealing with violations of the rights of particular individual students to cases dealing with claimed violations of the rights of African-Americans as a group. Conservatives asserting sympathy with the aims of the civil rights movement criticized affirmative action programs, which they saw as aimed at protecting group rights. Such programs, these critics charged, were inconsistent with the fundamental commitments to individual rights that Marshall made during the segregation litigation.
“Compassion in Time of Crisis”
Authors: Tushnet Mark V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a law student, Marshall worked with his mentor Charles Hamilton Houston to defend George Crawford in a celebrated case in Virginia’s “hunt country.” Craw ford was charged with murder and faced a death sentence. Supported by some legal research Marshall did, Houston succeeded in securing only a life sentence for Crawford, and Houston regarded the outcome as quite favorable because he had concluded Crawford was indeed guilty. Marshall himself defended W. D. Lyons in an Oklahoma murder case that reached the Supreme Court. Marshall’s experiences in these and other death penalty cases made him a committed opponent of capital punishment.
“Some Clear Promise of a Better World”
Authors: Tushnet Mark V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Responding in 1973 to columnist Dorothy Gilliam, who had written requesting permission to do an article on his “life style” as a Supreme Court justice, Thurgood Marshall wrote, “Believe it or not, there is nothing in my life that will be of interest to anyone. My life style consists of leaving home, coming to the Court, returning home and waiting to return to the Court the next day.”1 Marshall accurately described the life of a Supreme Court justice. His modest description of his daily life also suggests the kind of lawyer and family man he was. Although he had been involved in some of the nation’s most important legal issues, Marshall was not an introspective person.
The Dynamics of Market Structure and Innovation in the Western European Software Industry
Authors: Malerba Franco , Torrisi Salvatore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1992 the Western European market for information technologies was $157.2 billion (approximately 36 percent of the world market); in the United States it was $152.5 billion; and in Japan it was $75 billion. Software and services accounted for 41.5 percent of the total European information technologies market, against 59 percent in the United States and 40 percent in Japan (see Table 7-1). In the European market, American firms such as Computer Associates, Microsoft, Lotus, and Ashton-Tate have a large market share in packaged software. In 1991 U.S. demand for software was 40 percent of the world market, and American firms had an 87 percent share of the world packaged software market. European firms accounted for 16 percent of world production of packaged software and consumed 41 percent. Japanese firms produced 4 percent of software packages worldwide and consumed 11 percent (EEC 1993). Few European independent software houses specialize in software packages; those that do include Software AG (Germany) and SAP (Germany). Most European firms specialize in professional services and custom software rather than software packages; they include Cap Gemini Sogeti (France), Finsiel (Italy), Serna Group (France, U.K.), and SD-Scicon (U.K.).
Prologue
Authors: Frederick William C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But pardon, gentles all, the flat unraised spirits that hath dar’d On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth So great an object: O, pardon! since a crooked figure may Attest in little place a million; And let us, ciphers to this great accompt, On your imaginary forces work Piece out our imperfections with your thoughts; . For ‘tis your thoughts that must [Turn] th’ accomplishment of many years Into an hour-glass; for the which supply Admit me Chorus to this history; Who prologue-like your humble patience pray, Gently to hear, kindly to judge, our play.
Values in Business
Authors: Frederick William C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book argues that business values contain the key to much that is troubling the business world today. Understanding those business values-seeing them for what they are and what they do, where they come from, and how they interact with other competing values-can help business leaders and those who study business behavior in two major ways. Business practitioners toward the end of the twentieth century confront many daunting problems. Some of the more important issues are lagging productivity, burdensome social and regulatory costs, discontented and dis loyal work forces, a rising tide of global competition, geopolitical turmoil, un reliable currency systems, and episodic threats of inflation, recession, and general market instability. A deep knowledge of how values impel business practitioners, their workers, and their firms to do what they do might well help them not only to survive present difficulties but also to ride the powerful social and technological currents transforming the world’s business systems. It may just be that the values within (as well as those outside) the organization are as important to successful management as a skilled command of financial resources, marketing techniques, accounting controls, and the rapidly advancing computerization of business operations. This is not to say-and this book does not argue in the manner of corporate culture enthusiasts-that there can be “business as usual” if only business managers search for and discover the value roots of their own firms. The task and the challenge are considerably more formidable than some of these simple but salable formulas suggest.