bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measures of executive function may not be indicators of latent constructs
Authors: Holmén Jordan , Chaplin William , Del Vecchio Tamara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExecutive function (EF) is represented by a multidimensional set of measures. The central EFs considered are inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility (task shifting). Unlike other ability constructs, it has proven difficult to identify latent factors that underlie EF. Research has often taken a factor analytic approach for grouping executive functioning tasks. However, this approach has often proven unsuccessful. We aimed to compare factor analysis to a network analytic approach, as network analysis can summarize the pattern of relationships among elements without creating latent constructs. One hundred and thirteen undergraduate students completed a series of nine executive functioning tasks. In comparing exploratory factor analysis to network analysis, we found neither approach provided a compelling higher order grouping of EF measures.
Racing to Zipf's law: Race and metropolitan population size 1910–2020
Authors: Fernholz Ricardo T. , Kramer Rory 
Published: January 2024

AbstractScholarship demonstrates that urban systems follow a power law population distribution if the population has full labor mobility. Theoretically, subpopulations should also follow a power law population distribution if that subpopulation also has full labor mobility. Examining city population distributions for White and Black Americans across US metropolitan areas from 1910 to 2020 shows that the White distribution mostly conforms to both Zipf's and Gibrat's laws throughout this period. In contrast, the Black population does not follow either law until the second half of the 20th century, a result that is consistent with theories of restricted mobility out of the South for Black Americans during the Jim Crow era.
Melatonin sensitizes leukemia cells to the MCL1 inhibitors S63845 and A‐1210477 through multiple pathways
Authors: Ye Kaiqin , Ni Jun , Liu Dongyan , Yang Shasha , Li Yunjian , Chen Meng , Shah Faheem Afzal , Chen Hui , Ji Wenbo , Zheng Yuting , Ma Junboya , Chen Xueran , Zhang Mingjun , Sun Naitong , Dai Haiming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 protein (MCL1) inhibitors including S64315 have undergone clinical testing for leukemia. Because of the toxicities after MCL1 inhibition, including hematopoietic, hepatic, and cardiac toxicities, there is substantial interest in finding agents that can sensitize leukemia cells to these MCL1 inhibitors. Melatonin is a chronobiotic that promotes chemo‐induced cancer cell death while protecting normal cells from cytotoxic effects. In this study, we found melatonin sensitizes over 10 leukemia cell lines to the MCL1 inhibitors S63845 (S64315 analog) and A‐1210477. Further studies demonstrate that melatonin sensitizes Jurkat cells to S63845 and A‐1210477 independent of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, but through multiple mechanisms, including upregulating the death receptor pathway, increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling, and causing cell cycle arrest. First, death receptor pathway inhibition only slightly diminishes the melatonin sensitization of S63845, while inhibiting mitochondrial ROS partially reduces the S63845/melatonin combination‐induced apoptosis and depletion of the mitochondrial pathway totally abolishes it, indicating that both death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways are involved. Second, transcriptome sequencing analysis found that NF‐κB signaling is downregulated by melatonin that inhibition of NF‐κB signaling by parthenolide also dramatically sensitizes Jurkat cells to S63845. Third, melatonin induces G1 cell cycle arrest and upregulates NOXA while NOXA knockdown diminishes the sensitization to S63845 by melatonin. In addition, a xenograft model suggests that melatonin in combination with S63845 causes shrinkage of leukemic deposit while S63845 or melatonin monotherapy only has limited effects. Thus, our results demonstrate that melatonin efficiently sensitizes various leukemia to the MCL1 inhibitors, potentially allowing the usage of lower doses.
Redefining emergence: Making the case for contextual emergence in critical realism
Authors: Navarrete Cristián , Fryer Tom 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmergence is central to critical realism, but there has been little attempt to develop a systematic account of this concept within the tradition. Two notable exceptions are seen in the work of Dave Elder‐Vass and Tony Lawson. However, both face problems in responding to reductionist claims and accounting for downward causation. This paper proposes contextual emergence as a robust alternative that overcomes these issues and provides a better justification for critical realism's stratified worldview. Contextual emergence explains that while properties at a lower ‘level’ offer necessary conditions, for emergence to obtain, there must also be contingent conditions at a higher ‘level’. This approach maintains many of critical realism's intuitions about emergence, providing a robust account of ontological stratification and downward causation.
Response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab specific for lung and lymph node metastases affects survival of patients with HCC
Authors: Yang Jiwon , Choi Jonggi , Choi Won‐Mook , Kim Kang Mo , Lee Han Chu , Shim Ju Hyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsTumour microenvironment heterogeneity among different organs can influence immunotherapy responses. Here, we evaluated the impact of differential organ‐specific responses on survival in patients with advanced‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 366 consecutive patients with advanced‐stage HCC treated with Atezo/Bev as first‐line systemic treatment. Therapeutic response was assessed using RECIST v1.1. Patients were divided into an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) group (patients treated with ≥1 dose of Atezo/Bev) and a per‐protocol (PP) analysis group (patients with at least one measurable lesion irrespective of location treated with ≥3 doses of Atezo/Bev). Overall response and organ‐specific response at initial and best response were evaluated in the PP group. Responders were defined as patients achieving complete remission or partial response. Initial progressors were defined as patients with progressive disease after three doses of Atezo/Bev.ResultsThe ITT and PP groups comprised 324 and 236 patients, respectively. In the PP group, the organ‐specific response rate of lung and lymph node (LN) metastases at both initial and best responses were higher than those of intrahepatic lesions and macrovascular tumour thrombosis. Lung and LN‐specific response rates were 21.1% and 23.5%, respectively, at initial response, and 24.7% and 31.4%, respectively, at best response. Both initial pulmonary and lymphatic progressors (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals], 6.37 [2.10–19.3], and 8.36 [2.16–32.4], respectively) were independently associated with survival regardless of intrahepatic response.ConclusionsThe response of metastatic HCC to the Atezo/Bev regimen may be used to determine whether to continue treatment or switch to second‐line treatment at an early phase of therapy.
Cirrhosis‐downregulated LSECtin can be retrieved by cytokines, shifts the TLR‐induced LSECs secretome and correlates with the hepatic Th response
Authors: Martínez‐López Sebastián , Ángel‐Gomis Enrique , Gómez‐Hurtado Isabel , Fernández‐Iglesias Anabel , Morante Javier , Gracia‐Sancho Jordi , Boix Paula , Cubero Francisco J. , Zapater Pedro , Caparrós Esther , Francés Rubén 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsWe evaluated tolerogenic C‐type lectin LSECtin loss in cirrhosis and its potential regulation by cytokines.MethodsLiver tissue from patients with cirrhosis and healthy controls, immortalised and generated LSECtin‐CRISPR immortalised LSECs, and murine primary LSECs from the CCl4 model were handled.ResultsLSECtin expression was reduced in liver tissue from cirrhotic patients, and it decreased from compensated to decompensated disease. Increased phosphorylation of MAPK, Akt and NFkB was observed upon LSECtin stimulation in LSEC murine cell line, showing a pattern of inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines either restrained (IL‐10, CCL4) or unrestrained (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, CCL2). CD44 attenuated whereas LAG‐3 increased all substrates phosphorylation in combination with TLR4 and TLR2 ligands except for NFkB. TNF‐α, IL‐1 β, IL‐6 and CCL2 were restrained by LSECtin crosslinking on TLRs studied. Conversely, IL‐10 and CCL4 were upregulated, suggesting a LSECtin‐TLRs synergistic effect. Also, LSECtin was significantly induced after IL‐13 stimulation or combined with anti‐inflammatory cytokines in cirrhotic and immortalised LSECs. Th17 and regulatory T cells were progressively increased in the hepatic tissue from compensated to decompensated patients. A significant inverse correlation was present between gene expression levels of CLEC4G/LSECtin and RORγT and FOXP3 in liver tissues.ConclusionLSECtin restrains TLR proinflammatory secretome induced on LSECs by interfering immune response control, survival and MAPKs signalling pathways. The cytokine‐dependent induction of LSECtin and the association between LSECtin loss and Th17 cell subset expansion in the liver, provides a solid background for exploring LSECtin retrieval as a mechanism to reprogram LSEC homeostatic function hampered during cirrhosis.
Coral recruitment in the Toliara region of southwest Madagascar: Spatio‐temporal variability and implications for reef conservation
Authors: Botosoamananto Radonirina Lebely , Todinanahary Gildas , Gasimandova Lahitsiresy Max , Randrianarivo Mahery , Guilhaumon François , Penin Lucie , Adjeroud Mehdi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvestigating coral recruitment is critical to better understand replenishment and resilience capacities of coral reef ecosystems and to improve their conservation. Here, we examined the spatio‐temporal patterns of coral recruitment and the influence of confamilial adult coral cover in the region of Toliara, southwest Madagascar. Terracotta tiles were immersed from October to late January over a 3‐year period (2018–2021) at 10 stations located on major reef habitats. Overall recruitment rates were relatively high compared to those of other reefs in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, ranging from 219.20 recruits.m−2 in 2018–2019 to 156.30 recruits.m−2 in 2020–2021. Recruit assemblages were dominated by Acroporidae (45.5%) and Pocilloporidae (45.0%), whereas Poritidae (1.9%) and “other” recruits (3.6%) were rarely recorded. Recruitment patterns varied among stations and habitats, with higher rates in patch reef (187.06 recruits.m−2) and outer slope stations (156.99 recruits.m−2) compared to inner slope stations (108.04 recruits.m−2). With the exception of “other” recruits, recruitment rates decreased between 2018 and 2019 and 2019 and 2020, followed by an increase in 2020–2021 that reached or even exceeded initial values at some stations. The abundance of Pocilloporidae recruits was positively correlated with the cover of confamilial adult corals, highlighting potential stock–recruitment or recruitment–limitation relationships, or an aggregative settlement of young stages near the established adult colonies, whereas no such relationships were recorded for other coral family categories. This study identified sites on the outer slope and patch reefs to consider prioritizing for protection as recruitment hotspots, as well as degraded inner slope sites that could benefit from restoration, with the important caveat that any measures should be accompanied by alternative income‐generating activities through local involvement that suits the Malagasy context, such as locally marine managed areas.
Chained machine learning model for predicting load capacity and ductility of steel fiber–reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Shafighfard Torkan , Kazemi Farzin , Bagherzadeh Faramarz , Mieloszyk Magdalena , Yoo Doo‐Yeol 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne of the main issues associated with steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams is the ability to anticipate their flexural response. With a comprehensive grid search, several stacked models (i.e., chained, parallel) consisting of various machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed to predict the flexural response of SFRC beams. The flexural performance of SFRC beams under bending was assessed based on 193 experimental specimens from real‐life beam models. The ML techniques were applied to predict SFRC beam responses to bending load as functions of the steel fiber properties, concrete elastic modulus, beam dimensions, and reinforcement details. The accuracy of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) of actual versus predicted values. The findings revealed that the proposed technique exhibited notably superior performance, delivering faster and more accurate predictions compared to both the ANNs and parallel models. Shapley diagrams were used to analyze variable contributions quantitatively. Shapley values show that the chained model prediction of ductility index is highly affected by two other targets (peak load and peak deflection) that show the chained algorithm utilizing the prediction of previous steps for enhancing the prediction of the target feature. The proposed model can be viewed as a function of significant input variables that permit the quick assessment of the likely performance of SFRC beams in bending.
The effectiveness of faecal collection devices in preventing moderate to severe incontinence‐associated dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Lu , Zhang Wanting , Wang Ling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common problem among critically ill patients with faecal incontinence (FI). However, there are few studies comparing the effects of different faecal collection devices impact the prevention of moderate to severe IAD in this patient population.AimThis review aims to compare the effectiveness of various devices for collecting faecal matter in preventing moderate to severe IAD in critically ill patients suffering from FI through a network meta‐analysis.Study DesignWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan fang, Wei Pu, and China Biomedicine (CBM) from their inception until May 4, 2023. The selected studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two researchers independently performed study selection and data extraction. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool Version 2.0. RevMan 5.4 was utilized for conventional pairwise meta‐analysis of direct comparisons, while Stata16.0 was employed for network meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 14 studies, involving 1345 patients, were included in the analysis. Pairwise meta‐analysis showed that an anal bag[odds ratio(OR): 0.07(0.03, 0.20)], a balloon catheter[(OR:0.30(0.15, 0.62)], and an anal bag connected to negative pressure and flushing [(OR: 0.09(0.01,0.68)] all reduced the incidence of moderate to severe IAD in critically ill patients compared with usual care measures, respectively. The cumulative rank probabilities indicated that moderate to severe IAD prevention was more effective when employing balloon catheters connected to negative pressure [surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA): 20.8%] and anal bags connected to negative pressure (SUCRA: 27.0%) among critically ill patients with FI.ConclusionFI is a common problem among severely ill patients, and the reduction of moderate and severe IAD incidence is deemed essential. In this review, it is suggested that both balloon catheters connected to negative pressure and anal bags connected to negative pressure are associated with a higher effectiveness in preventing moderate and severe IAD.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings of this review can assist healthcare professionals in the selection of suitable stool management devices for the prevention of moderate to severe IAD in critically ill patients with FI.
Active conflict and access to education: Evidence from a series of conflict‐related shocks in Yemen
Authors: Almoayad Safa , Favari Eliana , Halabi Saamira , Krishnaswamy Siddharth , Music Almedina , Tandon Sharad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing a high‐frequency survey in Yemen, we demonstrate how school attendance responds to a series of conflict‐related shocks. First, there are a number of plausibly exogenous events that significantly change the severity of violence but have limited impacts on school attendance. These events include the capture of the southern capital by secessionist forces, an unexpected partial ceasefire, and the capture of a governorate from the internationally recognized government by Houthi forces. Second, we demonstrate how shocks aside from living in close proximity to violence—institutional declines and macroeconomic shocks associated with the conflict—can have large impacts on school attendance and the ability to afford essential services. For example, a teacher strike associated with conflict‐induced instiutional declines caused an immediate doubling of the share of households with poor school attendance. Combined, the results better illustrate some of the mechanisms by which conflict impedes school attendance and human capital formation, and the results have implications for education assistance being delivered in conflict settings.
Decomposition numbers for abelian defect RoCK blocks of double covers of symmetric groups
Authors: Fayers Matthew , Kleshchev Alexander , Morotti Lucia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe calculate the (super)decomposition matrix for a RoCK block of a double cover of the symmetric group with abelian defect, verifying a conjecture of the first author. To do this, we exploit a theorem of the second author and Livesey that a RoCK block is Morita superequivalent to a wreath superproduct of a certain quiver (super)algebra with the symmetric group . We develop the representation theory of this wreath superproduct to compute its Cartan invariants. We then directly construct projective characters for to calculate its decomposition matrix up to a triangular adjustment, and show that this adjustment is trivial by comparing Cartan invariants.
Force-Induced Deformation Mechanism for Cylindrical Shell Thin-Walled Parts Milling With Ice Supporting: Modeling and Prediction
Authors: Liu Haibo , Zeng Lingqi , Wang Chengxin , Han Lingsheng , Li Pengchao , Wang Yongqing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Improving the rigidity of the process system in the cutting region of thin-walled parts is a challenging problem to ensure machining accuracy. For limited structural space, the use of ice support is an effective method. However, ice and workpiece constitute a completely new process system, which generates a complex process response under milling forces. Based on the Kirchhoff–Love thin-wall small-deformation assumption and the Winkler model for describing the inverse support of ice on cylindrical shell thin-walled parts (CSTWPs), a new prediction model is developed to predict the deflection of CSTWP under ice support. In the model, by introducing the displacement function in the form of annular triangular series, the analytical solution of the displacement is given for the cylindrical shell with nonsimply supported edges at both ends under ice support. A finite element model for milling CSTWP under ice support is developed, which takes into account the nonlinear behavior of ice and the complex mechanical behavior of the ice/workpiece interface. Based on this finite element model and the corresponding milling experiments, the accuracy and validity of the established model are verified. The work provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of the deformation of CSTWP under ice support.
Machining Process Automation in Computer Numerical Control Turning Using Robot-Assisted Imaging and CNN-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Maiti Chayan , Patel Deep , Muthuswamy Sreekumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, industrial automation has grown as an important vertical in recent years. Smart manufacturing techniques are now becoming essential to keep up with the global industrial competition. Decreasing machine’s downtime and increasing tool life are crucial factors in reducing machining process costs. Therefore, introducing complete process automation utilizing an intelligent automation system can enhance the throughput of manufacturing processes. To achieve this, intelligent manufacturing systems can be designed to recognize materials they interact with and autonomously decide what actions to take whenever needed. This paper aims to present a generalized approach for fully automated machining processes to develop an intelligent manufacturing system. As an objective to accomplish this, the presence of workpiece material is automatically detected and identified in the proposed system using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based machine learning (ML) algorithm. Furthermore, the computer numerical control (CNC) lathe’s machining toolpath is automatically generated based on workpiece images for a surface finishing operation. Machining process parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) are also autonomously controlled, thus enabling full machining process automation. The implemented system introduces cognitive abilities into a machining system, creating an intelligent manufacturing ecosystem. The improvised system is capable of identifying various materials and generating toolpaths based on the type of workpieces. The accuracy and robustness of the system are also validated with different experimental setups. The presented results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be applied in manufacturing systems without the need for significant modification.
Complete genome sequences of a Canadian strain of enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
(EAEC) with multiple metals and antimicrobial resistance genes isolated from municipal waste-activated sludge
Authors: Kang Mingsong , Charron Philippe , Hoover Emily , Huang Hongsheng 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
(EAEC) is an emerging food-borne pathogen causing acute or persistent diarrhea in humans. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a strain of EAEC with multiple metals and antimicrobial resistance genes isolated from a waste-activated sludge collected from a Canadian municipal wastewater treatment plant.