bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roasting effects on fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in the kernels of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) seeds
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Tomiyama Yuka , Kita Sayaka , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this study, changes in fatty acid distributions of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita spp) in the course of the roasting process were investigated. Whole pumpkin seeds were exposed to microwaves for 6, 12, 20 or 30 min at a frequency of 2450 MHz. The kernels were separated from the seeds, and the lipid components and the fatty acid distributions of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs) were analysed by a combination of thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Major lipid components were TAGs, free fatty acids (FFAs) and PLs, while steryl esters and diacylglycerols were also present in minor proportions. The greatest PL losses (p < 0.05) were observed in phosphatidyl ethanolamine, followed by phosphatidyl choline or phosphatidyl inositol. With a few exceptions, significant differences (p < 0.05) in fatty acid distributions occurred when the seeds were microwaved for 20 min or more. Nevertheless, the positional characteristics of fatty acid distributions in the TAGs were still retained after 20 min of roasting: unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly concentrated in the sn‐2‐position, and saturated fatty acids primarly occupied the sn‐1‐ or sn‐3‐position. These results suggest that no significant changes in fatty acid distribution of TAGs and PLs would occur within 12 min of microwave roasting, thus ensuring that a good‐quality product would be obtained. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of drying, pressure and processing time on the quality of liquid‐smoked trout (Salmo gairdnerii) fillets
Authors: Siskos Ilias , Zotos Anastasios , Taylor KD Anthony 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA new fish smoking process was applied using a combination of liquid smoke and steaming at pressures up to 1 bar above atmospheric. Processing yield, sensory analysis, instrumental colour measurement, available lysine and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were estimated. The losses due to processing were quite reasonable (20.05 ± 4.9% to 23.58 ± 3.9%) and slightly influenced by the process. The fillets processed at 2 bar steam pressure, for 30, 45 or 60 min and previously dried were assessed as highly acceptable regarding their firmness, colour, flavour and acceptability by panellists. The destruction of available lysine was not very high (21.1 ± 8.4%) and it was dependent upon the process. Depending on the method used, very low (0.63–3.2ng g−1) amounts of PAHs were found and were also dependent upon the process. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving wheat for bread and tortilla production by manipulating glutenin‐to‐gliadin ratio
Authors: Uthayakumaran Surjani , Lukow Odean M 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGluten, starch, water soluble material, and glutenin‐rich and gliadin‐rich proteins were extracted from three Canadian wheat cultivars representing the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) (cv Roblin), Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES) (cv Glenlea) and Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) (cv AC Crystal) classes having glutenin‐to‐gliadin (Glu:Gli) ratios of 0.70, 0.75 and 0.85 respectively, all giving the same high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit score (Glu‐1 score) of 10. The resulting fractions were reconstituted to produce 18 mixtures of flour components, representing all combinations of Glu:Gli ratio and protein content observed in the original three flours. Dough rheological properties and baking (bread and tortilla) performance were determined using small‐scale techniques. Within any of the cultivars, increasing the Glu:Gli ratio in a reconstituted dough system had significant effects on dough and end‐use properties, causing increases in mixograph development time (MDT), maximum resistance (Rmax), pan bread loaf volume, tortilla dough maximum resistance and cooked tortilla puncture force. The CWRS wheat Roblin, proved to be best suited for pan bread at higher protein content and higher Glu:Gli ratio, and also produced a high protein tortilla of large diameter at a Glu:Gli ratio of 0.70. The CPS flour, AC Crystal, was good for making tortillas at protein contents of 110–130 g kg−1 and at its original ratio of 0.85. The CWES wheat Glenlea, did not perform as well in bread or tortilla‐making but in its role as a blending wheat, altering the Glu:Gli ratio of Glenlea to 0.70 may have an advantage by lowering mixing time without compromising baking properties. Manipulating the Glu:Gli ratio may make a wheat cultivar suitable for a particular end‐product. For the Department of Agriculture and Agri‐Food, Government of Canada, © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2005. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of low temperature blanching on texture, microstructure and rehydration capacity of carrots
Authors: Sanjuán Neus , Hernando Isabel , Lluch M Angeles , Mulet Antonio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect on quality of stepwise blanching (first 10 min at 65 °C, 50 min holding time, and 1 min at 95 °C) prior to drying of carrot slices was compared with conventional blanching (95 °C, 1 min). As quality parameters, rehydration capacity (effective diffusivity De, equilibrium moisture content We), texture (puncture test) and microstructure (SEM and Cryo‐SEM) were chosen. Non‐significant differences were found between the We of stepwise blanched samples and conventionally blanched ones, both values being similar to the moisture content of fresh carrots. De of conventional blanched carrots was higher than for stepwise blanched ones. Maximum force of stepwise blanched samples was higher than those of conventionally blanched ones and not significantly different from fresh carrots. Microstructural observations showed that stepwise blanching preserved cell to cell contacts better than conventional blanching; this fact was attributed to pectin‐methyl‐esterase activation at 65 °C, resulting in the differences in the maximum force between both treatments. Conventionally blanched samples tended to separate along their cell walls, forming voids among the phloem parenchyma cells. These voids would be filled with water during rehydration, thus showing the slightly higher We and the higher De for conventionally blanched carrots. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Processing of rye bran influences both the fermentation of dietary fibre and the bioconversion of lignans by human faecal flora in vitro
Authors: Aura Anna‐Marja , Karppinen Sirpa , Virtanen Hannele , Forssell Pirkko , Heinonen Satu‐Maarit , Nurmi Tarja , Adlercreutz Herman , Poutanen Kaisa 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPlant lignans are converted to mammalian forms, enterodiol and enterolactone, in the colon. Enhanced plasma or urinary enterolactone levels have been associated with lowered risk of cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer. Processed rye bran and its fractions were compared to ascertain the fermentation rates of fermentable carbohydrates and the bioconversion of lignans. Rye bran was extruded and treated with a food‐grade xylanase. Part of the xylanase‐treated rye bran was separated into a soluble rye bran extract and an insoluble residue, and a part of the xylanase‐treated rye bran was freeze‐dried without separation. All the samples were digested by pepsin and pancreatin and subsequently fermented with a human faecal inoculum in vitro. The consumption of carbohydrates, the productions of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), enterodiol and enterolactone were followed as a function of time. The soluble rye bran extract showed the fastest fermentation rate and the highest extent of fermentation determined as the consumption of neutral sugar residues (arabinose, xylose and glucose), the production of SCFA and the formation of enterodiol and enterolactone. Xylanase treatment enhanced the fermentation rate of extruded rye bran. An even a higher fermentation rate was observed for rye bran extract containing soluble carbohydrates. The amount of enterolactone precursors in rye seemed to be too low for enterolactone formation using an amount of substrate suitable for carbohydrate fermentation. However, xylanase treatment enhanced the availability of plant lignans from rye bran, as enterodiol formation was increased by the use of xylanase. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of fibre derived from passion fruit seed on the activities of ileum mucosal enzymes and colonic bacterial enzymes in hamsters
Authors: Chau Chi‐Fai , Huang Ya‐Ling , Chang Fang‐Yu 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPassion fruit, a popular tropical fruit, produces a large quantity of edible seeds as agricultural byproducts after juice extraction. The defatted passion fruit seed (PFS) contained a high level of insoluble fibre (∼90%, w/w) of desirable characteristics and physicochemical properties. Cellulose, pectic substances and hemicellulose were the major structural polysaccharides of the PFS insoluble fibre. In this study, the influence of the PFS insoluble fibre on the activities of ileum mucosal enzymes and colonic bacterial enzymes was investigated. It was found that the incorporation of the PFS insoluble fibre into a fibre‐free diet at 5% level significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the intestinal amylase activity (137%), reduced the caecal pH (6.22), decreased the caecal ammonia content (−38.6%) and faecal ammonia output (−21.2%), and also decreased the activities of β‐D‐glucosidase (−37.4%), β‐D‐glucuronidase (−52.9%), mucinase (−35.5%) and urease (−91.4%) in faeces. Our results suggested that PFS insoluble fibre might exert favourable effects on intestinal health. The fact that PFS insoluble fibre was more effective than cellulose in improving intestinal health suggested it could be exploited as a new functional ingredient to promote intestinal function and health. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The enrichment of Asian noodles with fiber‐rich fractions derived from roller milling of hull‐less barley
Authors: Izydorczyk MS , Lagassé SL , Hatcher DW , Dexter JE , Rossnagel BG 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFiber‐rich fractions (FRF) derived from roller milling of waxy (W) and high amylose (HA) starch hull‐less barley genotypes were evaluated for suitability as functional ingredients in fresh and dried white salted (WSN) and fresh yellow alkaline (YAN) noodles. FRF‐W and FRF‐HA both contained over 300 g kg−1 dietary fiber, and over 200 g kg−1 of β‐glucans. Replacement of 250 g kg−1 Canada Prairie Spring White (cv AC Vista) wheat patent flour with the FRF posed no problems in noodle processing, although water absorption had to be substantially increased. All three noodle types enriched with the FRF were significantly darker and contained more brown specks than the wheat flour control noodles. The presence of the FRF reduced cooking time of fresh YAN and WSN by ∼50%. The addition of FRF improved cooked YAN texture, as evidenced by increased firmness and resistance to compression. FRF‐enriched fresh WSN were comparable to the wheat flour control noodles for those parameters, whereas enrichment of dry WSN by FRF imparted less firmness and less chewiness. FRF‐enriched fresh YAN and WSN offer consumer convenience due to shorter cooking time, improved nutritional quality and acceptable cooking quality. These features might make FRF‐enriched noodles sufficiently attractive to health‐conscious consumers to overcome the negative effects of color and appearance Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The economics of soil productivity: local, national and global perspectives
Authors: Knowler D. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSoil degradation is a mounting problem on many smallholder lands in developing countries. Economic analysis has been an important tool in addressing this problem, beginning with assessments of the financial attractiveness of investing in soil conservation works. Data compiled from 67 studies of the financial attractiveness of conservation technologies suggest that many can provide positive net returns at the farm level (64·2 per cent). While such studies have made a valuable contribution, economists have been exploring additional applications of economics to the problem, such as the development of new perspectives under the guise of ecological economics. As a result, this paper argues it is an opportune time to assess progress in the field of economic analysis of soil degradation and to consider the policy ramifications of this research. Key issues are grouped into farm‐level considerations, national policy linkages and global issues. A number of policy implications emerge. Clearly, devising effective incentives at the farm or community (collective action) level must be a priority. As part of this effort, even more attention should be paid to the influence of macroeconomic and sectoral policies on soil productivity. Since soil degradation is also a problem with global ramifications, there is a clear rationale for intervention at the international level via mechanisms such as international transfers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nucleating Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Crystallinity in R‐BAPB‐Type Thermoplastic Polyimide
Authors: Yudin Vladimir E. , Svetlichnyi Valentine M. , Shumakov Alexander N. , Letenko Dmitriy G. , Feldman Alexander Y. , Marom Gad 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The relatively high degree of crystallinity of a new thermoplastic polyimide (PI) makes it a favorable matrix candidate for fiber reinforced composites. This advantage is the result of the ability of the matrix to recrystallize during the composite manufacturing process. In this study we examine the potential nucleating effect of carbon nanotubes on a thermoplastic PI. In addition to their inherent mechanical contribution, the carbon nanotubes help recover a significant proportion of the original crystallinity.Scanning electron micrograph of the spherulitic structure of a recrystallized carbon nanotube/polyimide film.magnified imageScanning electron micrograph of the spherulitic structure of a recrystallized carbon nanotube/polyimide film.
Loss of heterozygosity and transcriptome analyses of a 1.2 Mb candidate ovarian cancer tumor suppressor locus region at 17q25.1‐q25.2
Authors: Presneau Nadège , Dewar Ken , Forgetta Vince , Provencher Diane , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie , Tonin Patricia N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) to further characterize a previously identified candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) region encompassing D17S801 at chromosomal region 17q25.1. LOH of at least one informative marker was observed for 100 (71%) of 140 malignant EOC samples in an analysis of 6 polymorphic markers (cen‐D17S1839‐D17S785‐D17S1817‐D17S801‐D17S751‐D17S722‐tel). The combined LOH analysis revealed a 453 kilobase (Kb) minimal region of deletion (MRD) bounded by D17S1817 and D17S751. Human and mouse genome assemblies were used to resolve marker inconsistencies in the D17S1839‐D17S722 interval and identify candidates. The region contains 32 known and strongly predicted genes, 9 of which overlap the MRD. The reference genomic sequences share nearly identical gene structures and the organization of the region is highly collinear. Although, the region does not show any large internal duplications, a 1.5 Kb inverted duplicated sequence of 87% nucleotide identity was observed in a 13 Kb region surrounding D17S801. Transcriptome analysis by Affymetrix GeneChip® and reverse transcription (RT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods of 3 well characterized EOC cell lines and primary cultures of normal ovarian surface epithelial (NOSE) cells was performed with 32 candidates spanning D17S1839‐D17S722 interval. RT‐PCR analysis of 8 known or strongly predicted genes residing in the MRD in 10 EOC samples, that exhibited LOH of the MRD, identified FLJ22341 as a strong candidate TSG. The proximal repeat sequence of D17S801 occurs 8 Kb upstream of the putative promoter region of FLJ22341. RT‐PCR analysis of the EOC samples and cell lines identified DKFZP434P0316 that maps proximal to the MRD, as a candidate. While Affymetrix technology was useful for initially eliminating less promising candidates, subsequent RT‐PCR analysis of well‐characterized EOC samples was essential to prioritize TSG candidates for further study. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypermethylation patterns in the Fhit regulatory region are tissue specific
Authors: Guler Gülnur , Iliopoulos Dimitrios , Han Shuang‐Yin , Fong Louise Y.Y. , Lubet Ronald A. , Grubbs Clinton J. , Huebner Kay 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDNA hypermethylation is associated with decreased expression of tumor suppressor genes. We previously observed decreased Fhit expression and Fhit promoter region hypermethylation in rodent tumors induced by various carcinogens, and noted that the 5′ regulatory regions in the promoter, exon 1, and intron 1 were differentially methylated, depending on the tissue of origin. Because different carcinogens were used for induction of tumors of the different organs, we could not conclude that the methylation patterns were tissue‐specific. To determine if in rat tissues: (1) Fhit methylation status is related to expression levels and (2) Fhit methylation patterns were tissue‐ or carcinogen‐specific, we examined Fhit methylation status and expression levels in DMBA‐ and MNU‐induced benign and malignant mammary tumors. Fhit intron 1 was methylated in 3/9 DMBA and all of MNU‐induced benign mammary tumors, in association with reduced Fhit expression levels; Fhit promoter and intron 1 were methylated in all DMBA and MNU‐induced carcinomas in association with highly reduced Fhit expression levels. Treatment of rat cancer cells in vitro with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5′‐Aza‐2′deoxycytidine, for 4 d, increased Fhit expression and altered the methylation status. Before treatment, both promoter and intron 1 regions were methylated; after treatment, only intron 1 remained methylated. Thus, in carcinogen‐exposed rat tissues there is an overall association of Fhit expression with regulatory region methylation, and hypermethylation patterns did not vary with carcinogen. The specific patterns of hypermethylated CpGs in the Fhit regulatory regions thus appear to be tissue‐specific. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of medroxyprogesterone and DMBA‐induced multilineage mammary tumors by gene expression profiling
Authors: Yin Yuzhi , Bai Renkui , Russell Robert G. , Beildeck Marcy E. , Xie Zhihui , Kopelovich Levy , Glazer Robert I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMouse mammary tumors arising during medroxyprogesterone‐DMBA‐mediated mammary carcinogenesis comprised three distinct phenotypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and myoepithelial carcinoma. The molecular signature for each of the three tumor subsets was characterized by gene microarray analysis, and three distinct sets of gene expression profiles were obtained that were corroborated in part by quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that this carcinogenesis and gene expression model will be useful for rapidly assessing the histopathological differences arising in mammary carcinogenesis and the effects of tumor promoting or chemoprevention agents. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hibernation induction trigger reduces hypoxic damage of swine skeletal muscle
Authors: Hong Jinback , Sigg Daniel C. , Coles James A. , Oeltgen Peter R. , Harlow Henry J. , Soule Charles L. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA link between the cardioprotective benefits of pharmacological preconditioning and natural mammalian hibernation is considered to involve the cellular activation of opioid receptors and subsequent opening of KATP channels. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the protective effects of specific δ‐opioid agonists against porcine cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesize here that preincubation with hibernation induction trigger (HIT) should confer a similar protection in skeletal muscles. Therefore, muscle bundles from swine were pretreated with plasma from hibernating woodchucks (HWP) for 30 min, then exposed to hypoxia for 90 min and reoxygenation for 120 min. Stimulated twitch forces were assessed. The functional effects of pretreatment with nonhibernation (summer) woodchuck plasma, a KATP blocker, or opioid antagonist were also studied. During the reoxygenation period, significantly greater force recoveries were observed only for bundles pretreated with HWP; this response was blocked by naloxone (P < 0.05). We conclude that HIT pretreatment could be used to confer protection against hypoxia/reperfusion injury of skeletal muscles of nonhibernators; it could potentially be utilized to prevent injury during surgical procedures requiring ischemia. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve, 2005
NMR and DFT investigations of the substituent and solvent effect on amino—imino tautomerism in acridin‐9‐amines substituted at the exocyclic nitrogen atom
Authors: Ebead Youssif , Wróblewska Agnieszka , Krzymiński Karol , Rak Janusz , Błażejowski Jerzy 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 9‐(methoxyamino)acridine (1) and 9‐hydrazinoacridine (2) show that these compounds exist principally in the imino tautomeric form in CDCl3, acetone‐d6, CD3CN, DMSO‐d6 and Py‐d5, all solvents with different polarities and abilities to participate in specific interactions. The spectra of the other two compounds investigated—N‐(2‐chloroethyl)acridin‐9‐amine (3) and N‐(5‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)acridin‐9‐amine (4)—indicate that they coexist in the amino and imino forms. The amino tautomer of compound 3 predominates in CDCl3, CD3CN and Py‐d5 and that of compound 4 in CDCl3 and Py‐d5. On the other hand, the amino and imino forms of compound 3 coexist in acetone‐d6 and probably DMSO‐d6, whereas those of compound 4 coexist in acetone‐d6 and DMSO‐d6. The positions of the signals in the NMR spectra compare qualitatively with those predicted computationally at the GIAO/DFT level of theory. The equilibrium constants predicted by the DFT(PCM) method are in agreement with the results of NMR spectral analysis. In general, both the data predicted at the DFT level of theory and x‐ray structural data show that the imino tautomers display a ‘butterfly’‐type geometry, whereas the amino forms are characterized by an almost flat acridine moiety. Electron‐attracting substituents at the exocyclic N atom improve the stability of the imino form, and electron‐withdrawing substituents do likewise for the amino form. The importance of tautomeric phenomena in the context of the ability of acridin‐9‐amines to participate in specific interactions is outlined in brief, as are the possible applications of these compounds as probes of environmental properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical properties of thin films of polymer solutions
Authors: Rizzotto M. , Szleifer I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe critical properties of polymer solutions confined in thin‐film environments is studied with simple scaling arguments and a molecular theory. For purely repulsive surfaces, the critical volume fraction is a universal function of x = N1/2/L, where N is the chain length and L is the film thickness. The critical volume fraction is nonmonotonic in x and shows a deep minimum at a film thickness several times larger than the chain's radius of gyration. This nonmonotonic behavior results from the interplay between the surface–polymer entropic repulsion and the tendency of the film to avoid large density gradients. The critical temperature is a monotonically increasing function of L, as L goes from the two‐dimensional limit to the three‐dimensional limit. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1849–1853, 2005