bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribes, Government, and History in Yemen
Authors: Dresch Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Professor Dresch combines ethnography with history to describe the tribal system over the last thousand years, and examines the values the tribal people themselves bring to the contemporary world of nation states. Drawing heavily on local histories and unpublished documents, as well as on three years' field work, he discusses the place of these tribes in the world around them from the tenth century to the twentieth. Beginning and ending with the means by which tribesmen define themselves, he discusses the relation of the major tribes to the area as a whole, to pre-modern Islamic learning, the Zaydi Imamate, and ideas of contemporary statehood. This book will be of interest to readers concerned with the relation of anthropology to history and also to those from other disciplines who are concerned with Arabia past and present. It offers a fresh approach to issues which arise throughout the Middle East.
Tribes and Collective Action
Authors: Dresch Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tribesmen all belong to particular tribes. This gives them ‘authenticity’ of descent (a /) and hence the quality of honour which they consider distinguishes them from non-tribal, weak people. The tribes themselves are territorial entities. Usually the territory of each is contiguous, each has known borders with its neighbours, and there are very few points within ‘the land of the tribes’ which do not belong clearly to one tribe or another.1 The now rather worn image of the Saussurean chess-board is therefore appealing (Ardener 197 ia; xxxvi; Dresch forthcoming b): one is always in a space whose value derives from its position among others like it, and what one does then takes its meaning in large part from where one is. Within this general system are the tribesmen themselves, their shaykhs, and the collective identities coincident with tribes and sections.
The Morphology of Tribal Self-Definition
Authors: Dresch Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Villages are often long lasting and occupy the same physical sites for many centuries at a time, which American and European readers, with an eye on their own societies, will almost expect of a culture involved with plough-land. The continuity of tribes and of the tribal system is a separate question. There were tribes before the first Imam arrived in Yemen (he came, indeed, to arbitrate in their disputes), and there are still tribes now the last Imam has gone and Yemen has become a republic. The names l;Iashid and Baki:l are pre-Islamic. Some of the constituent tribes of each are themselves very old, and there has been occasion to mention them already in connection with events as long as a thousand years ago. In the present chapter we shall try to summarize what sort of entity tribes are that they survive demographic and political change over such long periods.
Looking at the Landscape: Class Formation and the Visual
Authors: Green Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What has the art historian to say to the anthropologist about landscape and the ways in which it is perceived? At first glance, quite a lot. Landscape has been classically constituted by the discipline of art history as one of the major genres through which the ‘modern’ (that is, Renaissance and post-Renaissance) Western tradition of art can be traced: from the early glimmerings of an emergent ‘realism’ in the panoramic vistas of a Van Eyck or a Leonardo to the classic, ordered compositions of Poussin and Claude, so often imitated by eighteenthcentury landscape gardeners; from the fresh perceptions of Constable’s sketches to the even more authentic perceptual ‘truths’ of the Impressionists. In charting this route, art history has crystallized a specific vocabulary for dealing with the bundle of issues—the representation of place or environment, the organization and categorization of space—condensed in the term ‘landscape’.
Evolution and Adaptation of the British Constitutional System
Authors: Saunders Cheryl 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The British Constitution is the distinctive product of centuries of constitutional evolution in conditions necessarily unique to Britain itself. Partly through colonization, but partly also because of its apparent success, the model has spread to countries throughout the world. In each of them, inevitably, it operates differently from the original. Whatever the impact of deliberate modification or local context, however, some distinguishing features or characteristics can still be discerned. Chief amongst them are the principles, institutions, and procedures of the common law.
The Permanent ‘Constitutional Crisis’ in the Democratic Transition: The Case of Hungary
Authors: Ágh Attila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the autumn of 1991 there was an overt ‘constitutional crisis’ in Hungary concerning the role of the president of the republic, a crisis which was subsequently more or less settled. In fact, the whole history of the democratic transition has been a permanent constitutional crisis. The constitution-making process as a method of establishing the fundamental rules of the game in politics and as a constant redefinition of the concept of the state has always been central in the transition. Consequently, the major political disputes have centred on the issue of constitution-making.
On the Evolution of a European State: Reflections on the Conditions of and the Prospects for a European Constitution
Authors: Schuppert Gunnar Folke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The evolution of a European state and the development of a constitution is a dynamic process. The European Community (EC) is always on its way to somewhere, although the direction it takes can vary and there may be advances and regression. The path for European integration was laid out in the preamble of the Treaty of Rome, which declared that the creation of a European Community was ‘determined to lay the foundation of an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe’.1 The Single European Act of 28 February 1986 reaffirmed this basic law of development in its pre mble, and also, explicitly, in Article 1, where it states that ‘the European Communities and the European Political Co-operation pursue the goal to contribute collectively to the concrete steps towards a European Union’.2
The heat Of the hearth
Authors: Carsten Janet 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Janet Carsten offers a vivid and original investigation of the nature of kinship in Malaysia, based upon her own experience of life as a foster daughter in a family on the island of Langkawi. Kinship relations are crucial to personal and social identity, and in Malay culture identity is mutable and fluid: it is given at birth through ties of procreation, but it is also acquired throughout life by living together and sharing food. The author shows that the heat of the hearth is not only necessary for cooking and sharing food, but central to domestic life, including childbirth and reproduction. Kinship is a process not a state; people become kin largely through the everyday actions of women in and between households. The incorporation and assimilation of newcomers--`making kinship'--is central to the social reproduction of the village communities; domestic life is thus central to the political process. Janet Carsten gives the reader a fascinating `anthropology of everyday life', including a compelling view of gender relations; she urges reassessment of recent anthropological work on gender, and a new approach to the study of kinship.
Ireland: A Region without Regions—The Odd Man Out?
Authors: Laffan Brigid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The EU’s regional policy is perceived by Ireland’s political class as one of the most important European policy areas for domestic purposes. Ireland, because of its relatively low level of economic development, is considered as one of the cohesion states in EU policy. Considerable diplomatic and political effort goes into managing the structural funds and extracting the maximum return from the EU budget. Ireland is defined as one region for the purposes of EU funding, which has in the past enabled the incumbent government to manage the partnership with Brussels without having to take undue account of local or regional interests. However, the 1988 reform of the funds undermined the ‘gatekeeper’ role of central government. EU cohesion policy is now part of territorial politics in Ireland and has contributed to a debate about development strategy. This chapter examines the question of local government and regionalism in Ireland and the significance accorded to EU monies. The structural funds provide a lens through which to analyse intergovernmental politics or the EC-national-local continuum.
Britain Viewed from Europe
Authors: Pappamikail Peter Brown 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Your politics reminds me of your bath taps: In British hotels I am always struck that you have two separate taps: you have a choice of either scalding hot or freezing cold water. But you can never get a convenient mix of the two. (Shimon Peres) It is the intention of this chapter to look at Britain’s relationship with Europe through the eyes of some of those at the sharp end of European integration, namely Brussels-based politicians and officials.
Medicine and the Decline of Mortality: Indicators of Nutritional Status
Authors: Floud Roderick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is now almost ten years since the beginnings of a concerted effort to use anthropometric indicators of nutritional status in the service of demographic and economic history. Before that time, anthropometry had been largely the preserve of human biologists, nutritionists, and anthropologists, although Le Roy Ladurie had used measurements of French conscripts as part of his description of French society at the end of the Napoleonic period. This is not to say that anthropometry had not been used by historians; from the earliest days of the study of the subject, there has been considerable interest in the heights, weights and growth of people during the past, and calculations of change over time have commonly been made. Moreover, the concept of the ‘secular trend’ in growth in height and weight had entered all textbooks of human biology as one element of the changes which had been observed in developed countries and could now be observed in developing countries.
Conditions of Work and the Decline of Mortality
Authors: Haines Michael R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It now seems evident that conditions in the workplace, whether factory, farm, workshop, mine, commercial establishment, or elsewhere, influence health and, by extension, mortality. We are aware of numerous conditions related to workplace hazards, such as ‘brown lung’ disease among textile workers, asbestosis, ‘black lung’ disease among coal miners, other lung conditions among coal and hard-rock miners and workers in dusty environments, lead and other metal and chemical poisoning, and a variety of cancers. And, of course, there is the ever-present danger of debilitating or fatal accidents, as well as the many physical conditions resulting from particular aspects of repetitive arduous tasks. Indeed, we now have an entire speciality, which evolved early in the twentieth century, known as industrial medicine. But it is not always easy to identify such phenomena historically.
The Care of Children: the Influence of Medical Innovation and Medical Institutions on Infant Mortality 1750-1914
Authors: Morel Marie-France 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The many historical demographic studies that have been undertaken during the last 20 years have shown, in spite of the disparity of available data, that infant and child mortality fell significantly everywhere, and that the fall gathered pace after the First World War. This decline is well documented, even though in some cases it was irregular, and the initial levels, the rate of fall, and the conditions associated with the decline have differed in different countries.As is true of overall mortality, the mortality of infants and small children may be interpreted in different ways. Its decline could be seen as a consequence of the improvements of the general standard of living of the population (improved nutrition, higher standards of personal hygiene, better water supply, higher quality of foodstuffs, better housing), or it could be attributed more specifically to increases in medical knowledge and a wider diffusion of this knowledge among mothers. Since 1970 the medical explanation has been strongly criticized, particularly by Ivan Ilich and Thomas McKeown, whose arguments are well known.
Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors
Authors: Johansen Soren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider a nonstationary vector autoregressive process which is integrated of order 1, and generated by id. Gaussian errors. We then derive the maximum likelihood estimator of the space of cointegration vectors and the likelihood ratio test of the hypothesis that it has a given number of dimensions. Further we test linear hypotheses about the cointegration vectors.
Privatization
Authors: Bos Dieter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The trend towards privatization has been particularly strong in the 1980s and 1990s. In the UK, some of the most important public utilities such as telecommunications, gas, and electricity have been privatized. Following unification, Germany is having to privatize an entire economy. This book examines the form of privatization, a topic which has not previously been subjected to rigorous economic analysis, and provides a comprehensive and thorough survey of arguments both for and against it. Both positive and welfare-economic approaches to deal with the complex problems of the transition from public to private ownership are discussed. The author also examines the central issues of privatization such as why efficiency increases can be expected as a result of privatization, whether full privatization coupled with subsequent regulation is better than partial privatization with the government regulating from within the firm. He also looks at the role of trade unions in the privatization process.
The Economic Borders of the State
Authors: Helm Dieter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the central themes of politics in the 1980s was the rolling back of the state's economic borders, placing greater emphasis on the role of individual choice and markets allocating resources. This book is a collection of papers, largely specially commissioned, which assess this theme, and which have been written by economists and political scientists. * Contributors: Dieter Helm, Alan Ryan, Wilfred Beckerman, Amartya Sen, Partha Dasgupta, John Gray, Robert Skidelsky, Gillian Peele, Christopher Allsopp, John Kay, Andrew Dilnot, Colin Mayer, and Stephen Smith.
The Economic Borders of the State
Authors: Helm* Dieter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ‘economic borders of the State’ have shifted markedly in the twentieth century. Governments, throughout the industrialized world, have extended their activities from the provision of minimal basic services—such as the maintenance of the value of the currency, defence, and law and order—to a much more comprehensive role in allocating resources, in providing education, health, and social security, and in macro-economic management. In addition, a new feature of twentieth century government has been the conscious attempt to alleviate poverty and redistribute income. This expansion has involved the development and use of a wide variety of policy instruments and a vast expansion in the scale of public expenditure and taxation.
Contemporary Conservatism and the Borders of the State
Authors: Peele* Gillian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The question of the borders of the State—of what are the proper limits and purposes of governmental activity—is currently the central one in British political debate. That so fundamental and general a question should be on this country’s political agenda at all is a reflection of the changes which have occurred in the political system over the past fifteen years. In particular, it reflects changes which have occurred within the Conservative party which, under Mrs Thatcher’s leadership, has enjoyed a remarkable degree of electoral success and has been able to set the terms of the political argument.
The Economics of Order and Disorder
Authors: Lesourne Jacques 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book addresses some basic questions in economics, all of which have a common core - they all refer to forming behaviour, to the emergence of order, its adaptation, its transformation, and its ultimate dissolution into chaos. Starting with the notion of self-organization, the author analyses the operation and the demise of institutions in economics. In doing so, he takes into account the consequences of the intervention of history, chance, necessity, and will - a subject little undertaken in contemporary economic theory. Starting with the theory of microeconomics itself, the author builds precise models based on explicit hypotheses and draws out the significance of the propositions obtained. The book draws on systems theory, evolutionary theory, the literature on institutional economics, and existing general equilibrium theory, and steps outside the present conceptual framework of microeconomics.
The Traditional Market
Authors: Lesourne Jacques 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The time has now come to take a look at a more complex market in which a connection will be made between two categories of agent interested in the same unstockable goods: individual buyers, the purchasing intentions of individual k taking the form of a demand, which is a decreasing function of the price and nul for any price above or equal to a price limit particular to each individual; retailers choosing at the start of each period the quantity of goods that they will buy in view of sales and the firm sales price they will propose throughout the entire period. The additional complexity has a double origin: on the one hand each individual may buy a greater or lesser quantity of goods and on the other each retailer has to make two decisions, one concerning the quantity placed at the buyers’ disposal, the other about the price proposed.
Italy The Sheltered Economy
Authors: Kostoris Fiorella Padoa Schioppa , Powell John E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This volume describes in considerable detail the structural features of the Italian economy. It is based on the results of a major three-year project analysing the Italian economy, and its primary focus is on the role of state and private economic agents. Italy has a huge and interventionist governmental economic policy: the state spends over 50% of National Income. Professor Padoa Schioppa Kastoris argues that much of this state action and regulation is irrational and counter-efficient. She then argues that the Italian economy is also characterized by a large and efficient `black market', and that much of the private sector already evades the command and control imposed by the state. Since de facto deregulation therefore exists to a large extent in the Italian economy, Professor Padoa Schioppa Kastoris calls for legal deregulation and privatization. She argues that a decrease in, and an altered character of, state action will enable the Italian economy to achieve higher rates of growth, and to reconcile the goals of efficiency and public interest. The book reflects a blend of theoretical and empirical work: although much data on the Italian economy is given in the book, the analysis is not technical.
Introduction
Authors: Tomlinson Jim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For over a hundred years British governments have increasingly become concerned with the seeming inability of British companies to match the performance of those of competitor nations. Before 1900 such concerns were episodic and usually relatively minor parts of the political concerns of the day. Since the turn of the century the concern has become both almost continuous and increasingly central to public debate. Whilst 1900 is an arbitrary date with which to begin an examination of the character and consequences of this concern, it can be taken to coincide with a significant sharpening of worries about the state of the economy brought on above all by the failures of British arms in the Boer War (Friedberg 1988). To some degree the turn of the century conveniently marks the beginning of a period in which enterprise efficiency was never to be far from political concern.
1900-1914: National Efficiency and the Enterprise
Authors: Tomlinson Jim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
History did not stop at the end of the nineteenth century and start afresh in 1900. Nevertheless, beginning a book about the government and industrial efficiency at that date has a logic beyond convention and convenience. At the turn of the century Britain was at war, and as is so often the case war exposes the weaknesses of an economy and society as few other events can. On this occasion the Boer war, and especially the early defeats sustained by Britain in that war, served to crystallize perceptions of weaknesses and proposals to remedy them. Of course, if elements are to be crystallized they already exist, and the water shed aspect of the Boer war should not be exaggerated. But coming on top of two or three decades of growing worries about the strength of Britain ‘s industrial economy, the shock of war led to a highly illuminating debate, and some little action, to try and address the economy ‘s perceived deficiencies.
1951-1961: Consumption and Competition
Authors: Tomlinson Jim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The return of a Conservative government in 1951 carried no simple implication for future economic policy. On the one hand, the Conservatives had based much of their election appeal on ‘setting the people free ‘ from the austerity and rationing of the l 940s, and this suggested a much more liberal economic regime would follow their victory (Zweiniger-Bargielowska 1993). On the other hand, Labour actually secured more votes than the Tories in 1951, and Tory leaders were conscious that they did not have a mandate to reverse the major shifts in economic (or social) policy of the l 940s. The key post-war statement of policy, the Industrial Charter (Conservative Party 1947) had signalled a broad acceptance of the ‘post-war settlement ‘, especially if the focus was on actual policy proposals rather than the more liberal rhetoric of the document (Ramsden 1980: 110-11).
Imperfect Information
Authors: Andersen Torben M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A reason for the failure of prices to adjust instantaneously to changes in the state of the market may be that firms have insufficient information about market conditions. Prices determined with insufficient information about market conditions obviously cannot be adjusted fully to the state of nature. It is less obvious, however, how the price will be adjusted to information on market conditions that becomes available; nor is it clear what incentives firms will have to acquire such information. Section 6.2 deals with the interaction between price-setters having different information about market conditions, while Section 6.3 considers the price adjustment of a firm over time as it learns about the development in market conditions. The importance of information dissemination from market signals such as quantities sold or prices is addressed in Section 6.4, while Section 6.5 endogenizes information acquisition.