bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal effect of low-temperature atmospheric plasma against the Shigella flexneri
Authors: Chen Yan , He Yuanyuan , Jin Tao , Dai Chenwei , Xu Qinghua , Wu Zhengwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundShigella flexneri(S. flexneri) is a common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that mainly causes bacillary dysentery, especially in low socioeconomic countries. This study aimed to apply cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) onS. flexneridirectly to achieve rapid, efficient and environmentally friendly sterilization.MethodsThe operating parameters of the equipment were determined by plasma diagnostics. The plate count and transmission electron microscope were employed to calculate bacterial mortality rates and observe the morphological damage of bacterial cells. Measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anions were detected by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) and Dihydroethidium fluorescence probes, respectively. The fluorescence intensity (a. u.) reflects the relative contents. Additionally, the experiment about the single effect of temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and ROS on bacteria was conducted.ResultsThe peak discharge voltage and current during plasma operation were 3.92kV and 66mA. After discharge, the bacterial mortality rate of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s of plasma treatment was 60.71%, 74.02%, 88.11% and 98.76%, respectively. It was shown that the intracellular ROS content was proportional to the plasma treatment time and ROS was the major contributor to bacterial death.ConclusionIn summary, our results illustrated that the plasma treatment could inactivateS. flexneriefficiently, and the ROS produced by plasma is the leading cause of bacterial mortality. This highly efficient sterilization method renders plasma a highly promising solution for hospitals, clinics, and daily life.
Unsalaried health workers in Sierra Leone: a scoping review of the literature to establish their impact on healthcare delivery
Authors: Pieterse Pieternella , Saracini Federico 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates a 10 million health worker shortage by 2030. Despite this shortage, some low-income African countries paradoxically struggle with health worker surpluses. Technically, these health workers are needed to meet the minimum health worker-population ratio, but insufficient job opportunities in the public and private sector leaves available health workers unemployed. This results in emigration and un- or underemployment, as few countries have policies or plans in place to absorb this excess capacity. Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea have taken a different approach; health authorities and/or public hospitals ‘recruit’ medical and nursing graduates on an unsalaried basis, promising eventual paid public employment. 50% Sierra Leone’s health workforce is currently unsalaried. This scoping review examines the existing evidence on Sierra Leone’s unsalaried health workers (UHWs) to establish what impact they have on the equitable delivery of care.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science were searched to identify relevant literature. Grey literature (reports) and Ministry of Health and Sanitation policy documents were also included.

Results
36 texts, containing UHW related data, met the inclusion criteria. The findings divide into two categories and nine sub-categories: Charging for care and medicines that should be free; Trust and mistrust; Accountability; Informal provision of care, Private practice and lack of regulation. Over-production of health workers; UHW issues within policy and strategy; Lack of personnel data undermines MoHS planning; Health sector finance.

Conclusion
Sierra Leone’s example demonstrates that UHWs undermine equitable access to healthcare, if they resort to employing a range of coping strategies to survive financially, which some do. Their impact is wide ranging and will undermine Sierra Leone’s efforts to achieve Universal Health Coverage if unaddressed. These findings are relevant to other LICs with similar health worker surpluses.
Comparison of the inoculum effect of in vitro antibacterial activity of Imipenem/relebactam and Ceftazidime/avibactam against ESBL-, KPC- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Xueting , Xiong Luying , Wang Yuan , Yang Kai , Xiao Tingting , Chi Xiaohui , Chen Tao , Zhou Yanzi , Lu Ping , Dilinuer Dilimulati , Shen Pin , Chen Yunbo , Xiao Yonghong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate effect of inoculum size of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing-, AmpC-producing-, and KPC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the in vitro antibacterial effects of imipenem/relebactam (IMR) and ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA).

Methods
We compared the impact of inoculum size on IMR and CZA of sixteen clinical isolates and three standard isolates through antimicrobial susceptibility tests, time-kill assays and in vitro PK/PD studies.

Results
When inoculum size increased from 105 to 107 CFU/mL, an inoculum effect was observed for 26.3% (5/19) and 52.6% (10/19) of IMR and CZA, respectively; time-kill assays revealed that the concentration of CZA increased from ≥ 4 × MIC to 16 × MIC to reach 99.9% killing rate against K. pneumoniae ATCC-BAA 1705 (KPC-2-, OXA-9- and SHV-182-producing) and 60,700 (SHV-27- and DHA-1-producing). While for IMR, a concentration from 1 × MIC to 4 × MIC killed 99.9% of the four strains. When the inoculum size increased to 109 CFU/mL, neither IMR nor CZA showed a detectable antibacterial effect, even at a high concentration. An in vitro PK/PD study revealed a clear bactericidal effect when IMR administered as 1.25 g q6h when inoculum size increased.

Conclusion
An inoculum effect on CZA was observed more frequent than that on IMR. Among the β-lactamase-producing strains, the inoculum effect was most common for SHV-producing and KPC-producing strains.
Temporally and spatially resolved molecular profiling in fingerprint analysis using indium vanadate nanosheets-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Yanli , Wang Jikai , Fu Chengxiao , Liu Shuangquan , Awasthi Pragati , Zeng Pengfei , Chen Danjun , Sun Yiyang , Mo Ziyi , Liu Hailing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study presents the first-ever synthesis of samarium-doped indium vanadate nanosheets (IVONSs:Sm) via microemulsion-mediated solvothermal method. The nanosheets were subsequently utilized as a nano-matrix in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). It was discovered that the as-synthesized IVONSs:Sm possessed the following advantages: improved mass spectrometry signal, minimal matrix-related background, and exceptional stability in negative-ion mode. These qualities overcame the limitations of conventional matrices and enabled the sensitive detection of small biomolecules such as fatty acids. The negative-ion LDI mechanism of IVONSs:Sm was examined through the implementation of density functional theory simulation. Using IVONSs:Sm-assisted LDI-MS, fingerprint recognitions based on morphology and chemical profiles of endogenous/exogenous compounds were also achieved. Notably, crucial characteristics such as the age of an individual’s fingerprints and their physical state could be assessed through the longitudinal monitoring of particular biomolecules (e.g., ascorbic acid, fatty acid) or the specific biomarker bilirubin glucuronide. Critical information pertinent to the identification of an individual would thus be facilitated by the analysis of the compounds underlying the fingerprint patterns.
Graphical Abstract
Biocompatible copper formate-based nanoparticles with strong antibacterial properties for wound healing
Authors: Zhou Yue , Sun Ping , Cao Yongbin , Yang Jiahao , Wu Qingzhi , Peng Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCopper-based antibacterial materials have emerged as a potential alternative for combating bacterial infections, which continue to pose significant health risks. Nevertheless, the use of copper-based nanoparticles as antibacterial agents has faced challenges due to their toxicity towards cells and tissues. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a new approach using a contact-active copper-based nanoparticles called polydopamine (PDA)-coated copper-amine (Cuf-TMB@PDA). The positively charged surface of Cuf-TMB@PDA enables efficient targeting of negatively charged bacteria, allowing controlled release of Cu(II) into the bacterial cell membrane. Moreover, Cuf-TMB@PDA exhibits similar ·OH signals as Cuf-TMB suspensions in previous work. In cytotoxicity assays conducted over 72 h, Cuf-TMB@PDA demonstrated an efficacy of 98.56%, while releasing lower levels of Cu(II) that were less harmful to cells, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial effects. These antimicrobial properties are attributed to the synergistic effects of charge-contact activity of PDA, controlled release of Cu(II), and free radicals. Subsequent in vivo experiments confirmed the strong antimicrobial potency of Cuf-TMB@PDA and its ability to promote wound healing.
Comparative effectiveness and cost evaluation of Risankizumab and Adalimumab in the management of psoriasis: a real-world study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlRuthia Yazed , Alfakhri Almaha H. , Alharbi Ibtisam , Alghamdi Fadi Ali , Alanazi Miteb A. , Alrabiah Abdullah Abdulrahman , Alsouan Anwar Abdulrazzag , Alshaikh Abdulrahman Abdullah , Almasaoud Majed Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis, an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting skin and joints, has varying prevalence rates globally. It manifests in five types, with chronic plaque psoriasis being the most common. Treatment, which has no definitive cure, aims for complete resolution of skin symptoms and depends on disease extent, severity, and impact on patients’ lives. Biologics are an emerging treatment for psoriasis, targeting specific inflammatory pathways for potentially safer, more effective outcomes. However, these come with significant costs, necessitating more research to ensure value for money. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Risankizumab versus Adalimumab, the most commonly utilized biologic for managing psoriasis in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This study retrospectively compared the effectiveness and direct medical cost of Risankizumab and Adalimumab in treating chronic plaque psoriasis in adults from two Saudi Arabian healthcare centers. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA) were used to assess treatment effectiveness, with patient data sourced from electronic medical records. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine various factors affecting treatment outcomes. An economic evaluation was conducted to examine the cost-effectiveness of the two drugs, considering four scenarios with varying dosage patterns and costs. Analysis was performed from the perspective of public healthcare payers and considered all utilized health services.

Results
The data for 70 patients were analyzed, with comparable baseline characteristics between groups. While Risankizumab led to a greater reduction in PASI scores and BSA affected, these results were not statistically significant. The annual treatment cost for Risankizumab was higher than Adalimumab. Various scenarios were studied, considering real acquisition costs, double dosing for Adalimumab, and the use of biosimilars. A scenario assuming double dosing for Adalimumab and a 40% discount for Risankizumab demonstrated both cost and efficacy advantages in 71.25% of cases.

Conclusions
This study compared the effectiveness and cost of Risankizumab and Adalimumab for treating chronic plaque psoriasis in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Although Risankizumab showed a greater reduction in symptoms, the difference was not statistically significant. However, under certain scenarios, Risankizumab demonstrated cost and efficacy advantages. These findings may influence treatment decisions for psoriasis, but further research is needed.
Concomitant radiosurgical and targeted oncological treatment improves the outcome of patients with brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Khalaveh Farjad , Cho Anna , Shaltout Abdallah , Untersteiner Helena , Kranawetter Beate , Hirschmann Dorian , Göbl Philipp , Marik Wolfgang , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Rössler Karl , Dorfer Christian , Frischer Josa M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
So far, only limited studies exist that evaluate patients with brain metastases (BM) from GI cancer and associated primary cancers who were treated by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) and concomitant immunotherapy (IT) or targeted therapy (TT).

Methods
Survival after GKRS was compared to the general and specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA) and Score Index for Radiosurgery (SIR). Further, the influence of age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS), extracranial metastases (ECM) status at BM diagnosis, number of BM, the Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) classes, GKRS1 treatment mode and concomitant treatment with IT or TT on the survival after GKRS was analyzed. Moreover, complication rates after concomitant GKRS and mainly TT treatment are reported.

Results
Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed IT or TT at or after the first Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS1) treatment as the only significant predictor for overall survival after GKRS1, even after adjusting for sex, KPS group, age group, number of BM at GKRS1, RPA class, ECM status at BM diagnosis and GKRS treatment mode. Concomitant treatment with IT or TT did not increase the rate of adverse radiation effects. There was no significant difference in local BM progression after GKRS between patients who received IT or TT and patients without IT or TT.

Conclusion
Good local tumor control rates and low rates of side effects demonstrate the safety and efficacy of GKRS in patients with BM from GI cancers. The concomitant radiosurgical and targeted oncological treatment significantly improves the survival after GKRS without increasing the rate of adverse radiation effects. To provide local tumor control, radiosurgery remains of utmost importance in modern GI BM management.
Association between imaging parameter changes and triangular fibrocartilage complex injury after distal radius fractures
Authors: Tan Chunye , Wang Zeyu , Li Linwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury is a frequent soft tissue injury that has been observed to accompany distal radius fractures (DRFs) with concomitant changes in radiologic parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of distal radial radiologic parameters associated with DRF and traumatic TFCC injury.

Methods
A total of 172 patients with distal radius fractures who underwent X-ray, CT, and MRI before undergoing volar locking plate or external splint fixation between October 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study. An analysis of various radiologic parameters and the classification of fracture type and TFCC injuries by CT and MRI was performed. All patients were divided into the TFCC uninjured group and the injured group. The incidence and relevant radiologic parameters were compared.

Results
This study included 76 males and 96 females with a mean age of 56.1 years. Among all patients, 33 (19.2%), 40 (23.2%), and 99 (57.6%) had DRF with A, B, and C fractures, respectively, according to the AO/OTA classification. In patients with fractures, the TFCC was found to be injured in 54.1% (93/172) of patients (type 1A in 21, 1B in 46, 1C in 39, and 1D in 35) but uninjured in 45.9% (79/172). There were significant differences between the TFCC injured and uninjured groups regarding the radius length (p = 0.044) and DRUJ distance (p = 0.040) of radiologic parameters that changed with DRF, although there were no differences between the two groups regarding gender, age, injured side, intra- and extra-articular, radius inclination and palmer tilt angle, or sagittal translation. Within the TFCC injured group, the radius length and DRUJ distance were 4.83 mm and 2.95 mm less or wider than 7.19 mm and 1.83 mm of the uninjured group. Moreover, shorter radius length was related to type lB TFCC injury (p = 0.041). Both radius length (AUC = 0.658) and DRUJ distance (AUC = 0.582) had no convincing predictive value for TFCC injury in DRF.

Conclusion
1B TFCC injury is most common in patients with DRF and concomitant TFCC injury. Both radius length and DRUJ distance have a significant statistical correlation with TFCC injury, and patients with TFCC injury tend to have a shortened radius and wider DRUJ distance, although they have no predictive value for TFCC injury in DRF. In addition, a shorter radius length was related to type lB TFCC injury.
Fractured sternal wire causing a cardiac laceration
Authors: Khouzam Matthew S. , Jacobsen Kristina , Boyer Joseph H. , Zeeshan Ahmad , Spurlock David , Karas Tomer Z. , Suarez-Cavelier Jorge E. , Rinewalt Daniel , Bogar Linda , Silvestry Scott , Palmer George J. , Accola Kevin D. , Khouzam Nayer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Hemopericardium is a serious complication that can occur after cardiac surgery. While most post-operative causes are due to inflammation and bleeding, patients with broken sternal wires and an unstable sternum may develop hemopericardium from penetrating trauma.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 62-year-old male who underwent triple coronary bypass surgery and presented five months later with sudden anterior chest wall pain. Chest computed tomography revealed hemopericardium with an associated broken sternal wire that had penetrated into the pericardial space. The patient underwent a redo-sternotomy which revealed a 3.5 cm bleeding, jagged right ventricular laceration that correlated to the imaging findings of a fractured sternal wire projecting in the pericardial space. The laceration was repaired using interrupted 4 − 0 polypropylene sutures in horizontal mattress fashion between strips of bovine pericardium. The patient’s recovery was uneventful and he was discharged on post-operative day four without complications.

Conclusion
Patients with broken sternal wires and an unstable sternum require careful evaluation and management as these may have potentially life-threatening complications if left untreated.
Salvianolic acid B ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy by deubiquitinating Smad7
Authors: Luo Hong , Fu Lingyun , Wang Xueting , Yini Xu  , Ling Tao  , Shen Xiangchun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble phenolic compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat cardiovascular disease. In our previous study, Sal B protected against myocardial fibrosis induced by diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects and potential mechanisms of Sal B in mitigating myocardial fibrosis induced by DCM.

Methods
Various methods were used to investigate the effects of Sal B on myocardial fibrosis induced by DCM in vivo and in vitro. These methods included blood glucose measurement, echocardiography, HE staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, Sirius red staining, cell proliferation assessment, determination of hydroxyproline levels, immunohistochemical staining, evaluation of fibrosis-related protein expression (Collagen-I, Collagen-III, TGF-β1, p-Smad3, Smad3, Smad7, and α-smooth muscle actin), analysis of Smad7 gene expression, and analysis of Smad7 ubiquitin modification.

Results
The animal test results indicated that Sal B significantly improved cardiac function, inhibited collagen deposition and phenotypic transformation, and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in DCM by upregulating Smad7, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In addition, cell experiments demonstrated that Sal B significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, phenotypic transformation, and collagen secretion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by high glucose (HG). Sal B significantly decreased the ubiquitination of Smad7 and stabilized the protein expression of Smad7, thereby increasing the protein expression of Smad7 in CFs and inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, which may be the potential mechanism by which Sal B mitigates myocardial fibrosis induced by DCM.

Conclusion
This study revealed that Sal B can improve myocardial fibrosis in DCM by deubiquitinating Smad7, stabilizing the protein expression of Smad7, and blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
Suspension syndrome: a scoping review and recommendations from the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MEDCOM)
Authors: Rauch Simon , Lechner Raimund , Strapazzon Giacomo , Mortimer Roger B. , Ellerton John , Skaiaa Sven Christjar , Huber Tobias , Brugger Hermann , Pasquier Mathieu , Paal Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Suspension syndrome describes a multifactorial cardio-circulatory collapse during passive hanging on a rope or in a harness system in a vertical or near-vertical position. The pathophysiology is still debated controversially.

Aims
The International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom) performed a scoping review to identify all articles with original epidemiological and medical data to understand the pathophysiology of suspension syndrome and develop updated recommendations for the definition, prevention, and management of suspension syndrome.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane library. The bibliographies of the eligible articles for this review were additionally screened.

Results
The online literature search yielded 210 articles, scanning of the references yielded another 30 articles. Finally, 23 articles were included into this work.

Conclusions
Suspension Syndrome is a rare entity. A neurocardiogenic reflex may lead to bradycardia, arterial hypotension, loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest. Concomitant causes, such as pain from being suspended, traumatic injuries and accidental hypothermia may contribute to the development of the Suspension Syndrome. Preventive factors include using a well-fitting sit harness, which does not cause discomfort while being suspended, and activating the muscle pump of the legs. Expediting help to extricate the suspended person is key. In a peri-arrest situation, the person should be positioned supine and standard advanced life support should be initiated immediately. Reversible causes of cardiac arrest caused or aggravated by suspension syndrome, e.g., hyperkalaemia, pulmonary embolism, hypoxia, and hypothermia, should be considered. In the hospital, blood and further exams should assess organ injuries caused by suspension syndrome.