bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subperiosteal and Intraosseous Connective Tissue Grafts for Pocket Reduction: A 9‐ To 13‐Year Retrospective Case Series Report
Authors: Nelson Stephen W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Recent histological evidence has documented that grafted palatal connective tissue is capable of forming a new attachment to previously exposed roots in the treatment of gingival recession. No clinical studies have tested the ability of connective tissue that has been implanted beneath the periosteum into periodontal osseous defects to reduce probing depth and increase clinical attachment levels. This study reports the long‐term clinical effect of subperiosteal and intraosseous connective tissue grafts on deep periodontal pockets.Methods: Connective tissue (CT) grafts were placed in 32 periodontal pockets on 27 patients. Grafts were classified into 3 groups. Type I grafts had 50% or more vascular surface contact and were ≤2.5 mm thick. Type II grafts had 50% or more contact but were >2.5 mm thick, and Type III grafts had less than 50% vascular contact regardless of thickness. Twelve of 14 Type I sites, 9 of 15 Type II sites, and 3 of 3 Type III sites were analyzed 9 to 13 years following treatment.Results: Clinical attachment level change differed significantly between the graft types on survivor teeth (P <0.05): Type III had 2 mm loss (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4 to 3.6), while Type II and Type I grafts had a 2.7 mm gain (95% CI: 2.0 to 3.4) and 4.3 mm gain (95% CI: 3.3 to 5.2), respectively. Similar substantial differences were presented for changes in probing depth and recession.Conclusions: This long‐term (9 to 13 years) retrospective case‐series analysis suggests substantial improvements in periodontal clinical measures for Type I CT grafts in deep periodontal pockets. Randomized trials are required to evaluate this promising procedure. J Periodontol 2001;72:1424‐1435.
Longitudinal Comparisons of the Periodontal Status of Patients with Moderate to Severe Periodontal Disease Receiving No Treatment, Non‐Surgical Treatment, and Surgical Treatment Utilizing Individual Sites for Analysis
Authors: Harrel Stephen K. , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The progression of periodontal disease without treatment and the response of existing periodontal disease to various types of treatment have been studied extensively. Many past studies have used the mean of the patient's probing depths or attachment levels to eval‐uate disease progression a s opposed to following changes in individual sites or teeth. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the response of individual teeth to treatment or non‐treatment.Methods: The records from a private periodontal practice were reviewed to find patients with complete periodontal examinations that were recorded at least 1 year apart. Patients who fit these criteria were divided into those who had none of the recommended treatment untreated, n = 30); those who had only non‐surgical treatment (par‐tially treated, n = 20); and a control group who had completed all recommended treatment (surgically treated, n = 41). The data for each tooth of each patient were placed in a database and analyzed using the method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) to test for associations between increase or decrease in probing depths and various initial clinical parameters while adjusting for significant confounders.Results: Teeth that received no treatment or non‐surgical treatment showed significant increases in probing depths, worsening of progno‐sis, worsening of furcation involvement, and increases in mobility when compared to surgically treated teeth. Teeth that received surgical treatment showed significant decreases in probing depths. No significant difference was noted between teeth that had no treatment and teeth that had non‐surgical treatment.Conclusions: When individual teeth are used as the basis for analy‐sis, teeth that receive no treatment or non‐surgical treatment show a significant worsening of probing depths, furcations, mobility, and prognosis when compared to teeth that receive surgical treatment, while surgically treated teeth show significant improvement in probing depths. J Periodontal 2001;72:1509‐1519.
Root Coverage and Pocket Reduction as Combined Surgical Procedures
Authors: Hirsch A. , Attal U. , Chai E. , Goultschin J. , Boyan B.D. , Schwartz Z. 
Published: February 2005

Background: One of the main objectives of periodontal reconstructive surgery is the coverage of exposed roots due to gingival recession. A large variety of mucogingival grafting procedures are available that give highly predictable and esthetically acceptable results when treating intact root surfaces. However, these procedures call for a second surgery site in the palate. The present study examines a series of cases in which connective tissue, obtained from the tuberosity during pocket reduction procedures in the posterior region of the maxilla, was used for root coverage.Methods: Forty‐four teeth from 25 patients with gingival recession of 3.30 ± 0.14 mm (mean ± SEM) were treated with subepithelial connective tissue grafts using connective tissue obtained from the tuberosity area during pocket reduction procedures in the posterior region of the maxilla.Results: The mean root coverage recession after treatment was 0.16 ± 0.06 mm, with effectiveness of coverage at 95.0% ± 1.84 and a predictability of 84.1%. Periodontal probing depth reduction at the donor site was 4.08 ± 0.24 mm.Conclusions: These results indicate that the subepithelial connective tissue graft obtained from the tuberosity area during pocket reduction procedures in the posterior region of the maxilla provides a very predictable and esthetic root coverage without the need for a second surgical site. J Periodontol 2001;72: 1572‐1579.
Radiographic Defect Depth and Width for Prognosis and Description of Periodontal Healing of Infrabony Defects
Authors: Klein Filip , Kim Ti‐Sun , Hassfeld Stefan , Staehle Hans‐Jörg , Reitmeir Peter , Holle Rolf , Eickholz Peter 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aims of the present study were to evaluate 1) defect depth and width as a prognostic factor and 2) change in defect width as a describing parameter of periodontal healing in infrabony defects treated by regenerative therapy after 6 and 24 months.Methods: In 24 patients with advanced periodontitis, 39 infrabony defects were treated by guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) (n = 7) or bioabsorbable barriers (n = 32). Clinical parameters were assessed and 39 standardized radiographs (in triplicate) were taken before and 6 and 24 months after surgery. Using a computer‐assisted analysis, the depth, width, and angle of the bony defects were measured.Results: Statistically significant vertical clinical attachment gains (CAL‐V: 3.15 ± 1.63 mm to 3.31 ± 1.65 mm; P <0.001) and bony fill (1.30 ± 2.53 mm; P <0.01 to 1.54 ± 2.70 mm; P <0.005) were observed 6 and 24 months postsurgically. In a multilevel regression analysis CAL‐V gain was predicted by baseline CAL‐V (P <0.0001), actual smoking (P <0.05), and age (P <0.1). Bony fill could be predicted by baseline height of the infrabony component (P <0.0001), gingival index at baseline (P <0.05), and actual smoking (P <0.01). In narrow (<26°) and deep (≥3 mm) infrabony defects bony fill was more pronounced than in wide and shallow defects (P <0.05).Conclusions: Improvement achieved by guided tissue regeneration in infrabony defects can be maintained up to 24 months after surgery. Narrow and deep infrabony defects respond radiographically and to some extent clinically more favorably to GTR therapy than wide and shallow defects. However, depth of the infrabony component was a stronger prognostic parameter than defect angle. Actual smoking impairs the results of GTR therapy in infrabony defects. J Periodontol 2001;72:1639‐1646.
Mandibular Second Molar Periodontal Status After Third Molar Extraction
Authors: Peng Kuang‐Yao , Tseng Yuen‐Chin , Shen E‐Chin , Chiu Shian‐Chung , Fu Earl , Huang Yu‐Wen 
Published: February 2005

Background: Extraction and treatment of third molars have been cited as causing periodontal problems. To evaluate the long‐term effects of third molar extraction on the periodontal health of the mandibular second molar, a comparison of the periodontal status was performed around 2 groups of mandibular second molars, with and without third molar extraction.Methods: A total of 312 sites in 57 adult periodontitis patients were examined and the buccal and lingual locations of the mesial and distal root surfaces around the second molars were recorded. Two‐hundred and thirty‐two sites were experimental teeth; i.e., third molars had been surgically removed more than 5 years ago, 80 sites served as control molars; i.e., congenitally missing third molars. Clinical periodontal parameters including probing depth, attachment loss, and gingival recession and radiographic intrabony level were measured. The effects of the surgery and the examination (buccal or lingual) locations on the measurements were statistically analyzed.Results: Neither extraction history nor examination location affected the probing depth on mesial surfaces. However, significant effects of the surgical history on the probing depth were observed on the distal surfaces. Similar results of greater attachment loss and radiographic alveolar bone loss were observed only at the distal sites of the experimental group. In addition, the increased radiographic bone loss was only found at the distal sites (adjacent to the surgical location) and not at the mesial sites (distant from the surgical location) on the experimental group.Conclusions: In this study, greater periodontal breakdown, including probing depth, attachment loss, and radiographic alveolar bone loss, was found at the distal sites, but not at the mesial sites, of the experimental molars where the third molar was surgically extracted compared with the control teeth (no surgery). In the experimental molars, more radiographic bone loss was found at the sites adjacent to the surgical location than at the sites distant to the surgical location. Therefore, we suggest that the surgical removal of the mandibular third molar may lead to a periodontal breakdown on the distal surface of the second molar. Periodontal re‐evaluation after the initial healing of third molar extraction is indicated. J Periodontol 2001;72:1647‐1651.
Internal Contamination of a 2‐Component Implant System After Occlusal Loading and Provisionally Luted Reconstruction With or Without a Washer Device
Authors: Rimondini Lia , Marin Carlo , Brunella Francesca , Fini Milena 
Published: February 2005

Background: Microbial internal contamination of oral implants has been suggested as being responsible for inflammatory infiltration of peri‐implant tissues at the fixture‐abutment interface of 2‐stage and 2‐component implant systems; it is also considered as a potential source of pathogens. The present in vivo study evaluated contamination of the inner abutment‐implant retaining screw, after occlusal loading and provisionally‐luted reconstruction with or without a washer device.Methods: Eight 2‐component oral implants sealed with an o‐ring silicon washer device and 9 without a seal were placed in 7 patients with high oral hygiene standards. Two months after prosthetic reconstruction, crowns and internal screws were removed, and organic and inorganic screw contamination was examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results: An amorphous and crystalline contamination, suggestive of calcium and phosphate compounds, was seen on all screw surfaces. Microbial contamination was more frequently observed in the unsealed group. No differences in bacterial morphotypes were observed between the sealed and unsealed implants. Cocci were the most representative morphotypes, while rods were seldom seen.Conclusions: In clinical situations, leakage occurs at the implant‐abutment interface, although bacterial contamination is limited in patients with high oral hygiene standards. Contamination may be reduced by using a washer device. J Periodontol 2001;72:1652‐1657.
A Longitudinal Study Comparing Scaling, Osseous Surgery, and Modified Widman Procedures: Results After 5 Years
Authors: Becker William , Becker Burton E. , Caffesse Raul , Kerry Gloria , Ochsenbein Clifford , Morrison Edith , Prichard John 
Published: February 2005

Background: Scaling and root planing, osseous surgery, and modified Widman procedures are effective methods for treating periodontal diseases. Studies have been carried out to determine if these procedures are more effective than others in reducing clinical probing depths, while maintaining clinical attachment levels. The purpose of this report is to present 5‐year results from a longitudinal study comparing scaling and root planing (SRP), osseous surgery (OS), and modified Widman (MW) therapies. The study has been completed for 12 years.Methods: Sixteen adult patients with moderate to advanced periodontal disease were treated with initial scaling and oral hygiene procedures in a private practice. Posthygiene data were used to compare changes in plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), and recession. Frequency distributions were used to compare changes at individual sites. The first published report was from baseline to one year. This follow‐up report is from baseline through 5 years.Results: At 5 years, there were significant decreases in gingival and plaque scores. For the 3 procedures, there were significant decreases in baseline 4 to 6 mm PD (P <0.0001); however, there were no differences between the methods. Similar findings were noted for PD initially greater than 7 mm. At 5 years, OS had the greatest number of 1 to 3 mm sites (332 sites, 73.2%), while MW had the fewest number of 4 to 6 mm PD (98 sites, 21.8%). SRP had the fewest 7 mm and greater sites (15 sites, 3.4%). At 5 years, CAL loss for 1 to 3 mm PD was statistically significant for the 3 procedures. There were slight gains in CAL for 4 to 6 mm probing depths. These gains were not significant. Similar findings were seen for CAL for probing depths greater than 7 mm. OS had the greatest number of sites losing more than 2 mm of CAL (64 sites), followed by SRP (21 sites) and MW (34 sites), respectively.Conclusions: This 5‐year clinical trial demonstrates that with good patient maintenance excellent clinical results can be achieved with various methods of treatment. Within the limits of this study, SRP, OS, and MW were effective at reducing probing depths with slight changes in clinical attachment levels. J Periodontol 2001;72:1675‐1684.
Efficacy of a 3% Potassium Nitrate Desensitizing Mouthwash in the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Authors: Pereira Richard , Chava Vijay K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Potassium nitrate has been used previously in a dentifrice or gel to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash with a 0.2% sodium fluoride control mouthwash in a 6‐week double‐blind study.Methods: Fifty subjects were evaluated using 2 tactile methods and cold air sensitivity (dental air syringe), along with subjective perception of pain (0 to 10 scale) at baseline and at 2 and 6 weeks.Results: There was a general decrease in dentinal hypersensitivity levels in both groups over the 6‐week study period as demonstrated by all 4 methods of assessment. There was also a statistically significant difference in decrease in sensitivity between the groups.Conclusions: This study showed that a 3% potassium nitrate/0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash appears to have therapeutic potential to alleviate dentinal hypersensitivity. J Periodontol 2001;72:1720‐1725.
Preprosthetic Periodontal Surgery in the Interproximal Area With Modification of the COL Area: Anatomic and Histologic Study in Dogs
Authors: Novaes Arthur B. , Novaes Arthur B. , de Oliveira Paulo T. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Due to its concave morphology, a COL creates difficulties for proper oral hygiene. When this characteristic is accentuated by tooth position or caries and when restorations are necessary, they should be corrected by preprosthetic surgery. However, there are no data proving the efficacy of the procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tissue response to preprosthetic surgery to modify COL morphology.Methods: Five mongrel dogs received apically positioned flaps, osteotomy/plasty, and RAI (restorative alveolar interface technique) on the maxillary right third bicuspid and first molar; on the same teeth on the left side, a large tissue excision similar to gingivectomy and RAI were performed. Histologic specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory were evaluated at hour 0 and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks under light microscopy.Results: At hour 0, hemorrhage in the remaining interproximal tissue on the left side, and denuded bone modified by the osteotomy on the right side, were observed. At 1 week, both sides showed the presence of granulation tissue and the beginning of reepithelialization and fiber formation. At 2 weeks, the papillae were rebuilt and epithelialized, with fewer inflammatory cells and dilated blood vessels, with a convex morphology. At 3 weeks, the papillae were convex and saddle shaped, with thicker epithelium and denser connective tissue. The general aspect was similar to attached gingiva. However, on the right side, the total extension of the interproximal tissues was longer and had a less accentuated convex curvature. At 4 weeks, the tissues were more mature, but the morphologic and histological findings were similar to 3 weeks.Conclusion: Both techniques modified the COL morphology, suggesting that the RAI technique was effective; but the apically positioned flap with osteotomy and RAI created a more extensive convex surface and more interproximal space for the prosthesis. It is recommended that this technique be considered for use in humans. J Periodontol 2001;72:1734‐1741.
Elevated Hydroperoxide Levels and Antioxidant Patterns in Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome
Authors: Battino Maurizio , Ferreiro Maria‐Soledad , Bompadre Stefano , Leone Luciana , Mosca Fabrizio , Bullon Pedro 
Published: February 2005

Background: Since it has been found that reactive oxygen species seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of both periodontitis and hyperkeratotic syndromes, we studied a group of patients belonging to 3 generations of a family with different degrees of severity of Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) to ascertain whether altered concentrations of the most important hydrophobic and hydrophilic plasma antioxidants as well as products of oxidative damage are present in PLS.Methods: Coenzyme Q (CoQ), vitamin E, glutathione (GSH), and uric acid were evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (supplied with electrochemical detector) techniques and hydroperoxides by a spectrophotometric method.Results: GSH and uric acid were in the range of reference values; CoQ was very low in both the child of the third generation and his mother, and these 2 subjects had the highest hydroperoxide levels. The child also had extremely low values of vitamin E. In general, all family members showed abnormally high hydroperoxide levels, with the exception of those members who are phenotypically healthy.Conclusions: Since the subjects with the lowest hydroperoxide contents are phenotypically healthy, whereas the affected individuals presented lower antioxidant levels and very high hydroperoxide concentrations, it has been suggested that a specific antioxidant therapy could be a promising approach in treating some PLS subjects. Moreover, unexpected manifestations of heterozygosity in the child of the third generation were also detected. J Periodontol 2001;72:1760‐1766.
The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Periodontal Disease
Authors: Tezal Miné , Grossi Sara G. , Ho Alex W. , Genco Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Alcohol consumption, like smoking, may be related to periodontal disease independently of oral hygiene status. This study assessed the relationship between alcohol consumption and severity of periodontal disease.Methods: A cross‐sectional study of 1,371 subjects ages 25 to 74 in the Erie County, NY population was performed. Alcohol intake was assessed by means of previously validated selfreported questionnaires. Outcome variables were gingival bleeding, clinical attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, and presence of subgingival microorganisms.Results: Logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, race, education, income, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dental plaque, and presence of any of 8 subgingival microorganisms showed that those consuming ≥5 drinks/week had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.22 to 2.23) of having higher gingival bleeding, and OR of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.80) of having more severe clinical attachment loss compared to those consuming <5 drinks/week. Those consuming ≥10 drinks/week had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.33) of having higher gingival bleeding and OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.04 to 2.00) of having more severe clinical attachment loss compared to those consuming <10 drinks/week. Alcohol consumption was not significantly related to alveolar bone loss nor to any of the subgingival microorganisms.Conclusions: The results suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with moderately increased severity of periodontal disease. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether alcohol is a true risk factor for periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2001;72:183‐189.