bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation via coligand exchange and characterization of [99mTc‐EDDA‐HYNIC‐D‐Phe1,Tyr3]Octreotide (99mTc–EDDA/HYNIC–TOC)
Authors: von Guggenberg Elisabeth , Sarg Bettina , Lindner Herbert , Melendez Alafort Laura , Mather Stephen J. , Moncayo Roy , Decristoforo Clemens 
Published: April 2003

Abstract[99mTc‐EDDA–HYNIC‐D‐Phe1,Tyr3]octreotide (99mTc‐EDDA/HYNIC–TOC) is a promising new agent with the potential to replace [111In‐DTPA‐D‐Phe1]‐octreotide in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. This hydrazinonicotinic acid derivatized somatostatin complex contains ethylenediamine N,N′ diacetic acid (EDDA) as a coligand resulting in a high in vitro and in vivo stability. Since direct 99mTc‐labelling of HYNIC–TOC with EDDA results in low labelling yields, in this study we describe the preparation of 99mTc‐EDDA/HYNIC‐TOC via coligand exchange from Tricine for EDDA. Exchange of coligands is achieved at elevated temperature and under optimized conditions of pH, EDDA concentration and stannous ion. High labelling yields (mean 95.9%) were achieved at high specific activities (>37GBq/µmol). Characterization via HPLC, receptor binding and LC–MS of the resulting complex is described. The formulation developed enables rapid and simple labelling of 99mTc‐EDDA/HYNIC–TOC in a manner suitable for a clinical setting. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of new 99mTc‐radiopharmaceuticals with dithiobenzoate derivatives for the study of septic inflammatory processes
Authors: Mevellec F. , Roucoux A. , Noiret N. , Moisan A. , Patin H. , Duatti A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractImproved methods for the preparation of 99mTc‐radiopharmaceuticals containing dithiobenzoate ligands, in sterile and pyrogen free conditions, are described. These procedures are based on the reaction of these ligands either with [99mTc] pertechnetate in the presence of a strong reducing agent (HCl/tertiary phosphine, SnCl2·2H2O), or with pre‐reduced complexes obtained from different kit formulations. All the preparations led to the high‐yield formation of the neutral and lipophilic 99mTc‐complex [99mTc][Tc(S3CPh)2(S2CPh)], which is analogous to the corresponding compounds obtained with rhenium and the long‐lived β‐emitting isotope technetium‐99 g recently described. HPLC analysis and thin layer chromatography were used to confirm the characterisation of the resulting 99mTc‐radiopharmaceutical which was found to be potentially suitable for blood‐cell labelling as applied to the diagnosis of inflammatory processes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tritium‐labelled 8‐cyclopentyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐1‐propylxanthine ([3H]CPFPX), a potent and selective antagonist for the A1 adenosine receptor
Authors: Holschbach Marcus H. , Wutz Walter , Schüller Manfred , Bier Dirk , Coenen H.H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe reduction of 1‐allyl‐8‐cyclopentyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)xanthine, 7, with tritium gas catalyzed by 10% Pd‐C gave 8‐cyclopentyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐1‐[2,3‐3H]propylxanthine ([3H]CPFPX), 8*, a potent and selective antagonist for the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR). The synthesis of 7 proceeded from 6‐aminouracil, 1, which underwent silylation and alkylation with allyl bromide to form 6‐amino‐3‐allyluracil, 2. Nitrosation led to the 5‐nitroso compound, 3, which underwent reduction to the 4,5‐diaminouracil, 4, and carbodiimide‐mediated acylation with cyclopentanecarboxylic acid produced 3‐allyl‐6‐amino‐5‐cyclopentylcarboxamidouracil, 6. Alkylation at N−1 with 3‐fluoro‐1‐bromopropane and cyclization with alkali completed the synthesis of 7. [3H]CPFPX had a radiochemical purity of > 98% and a specific activity of >2.1 TBq/mmol (57 Ci / mmol). [3H]CPFPX bound to the rat, pig and human A1AR with a KD of 0.63, 1.37 and 0.71 nM, respectively. The KD at the rat and human A2AAR was 812 and 940 nM, respectively, thus giving selectivities of >1200‐ and >700‐fold. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circular waveguides with Kronig–Penney morphology as photonic band‐gap filters
Authors: Gómez Álvaro , Solano Miguel A. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Vegas Angel 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGuided wave propagation in a circular waveguide filled with dielectric materials in the Kronig–Penney morphology is theoretically examined. Allowed and forbidden frequency bands in these ideal photonic band‐gap (PBG) structures are obtained for the TEz and TMz propagation modes by invoking the Bloch theorem. Results show the many engineering possibilities for designing electromagnetic filters for ideal structures. Filtering by real PBG structures with a finite number of unit cells is also studied by using the scattering matrix technique. As the number of unit cells in a real filter increases, its transmission characteristics converge to those of its ideal analog in the forbidden frequency bands. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 316–321, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10906
Rigorous analysis of conformal microstrip patch antennas using the FDTD method
Authors: El Brak Mohamed , Essaaidi Mohamed 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates the characteristics of conformal microstrip patch antennas using the rigorous FDTD approach based on a rectangular mesh and a staircase discretization scheme for the curved regions. It is shown that the conformal shape of microstrip patch antennas can be used as another geometrical parameter to allowing their performance to be monitored. Numerical results illustrate the effects of this parameter on the resonant frequencies, return loss, and input impedance of such antennas. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 372–376, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10922
Cacalolides from Senecio barba‐johannis
Authors: Burgueño‐Tapia Eleuterio , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFrom the roots of Senecio barba‐johannis DC, the two new cacalolides 13‐acetoxycacalohastin (2) and 13‐hydroxy‐14‐oxocacalohastin (3), together with the known cacalolide 13‐acetoxy‐14‐oxocacalohastin (4) were isolated. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of these compounds were achieved using one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR methods, including gHMQC and gHMBC experiments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New atranones from the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum
Authors: Hinkley Simon F. , Moore Jennifer A. , Squillari Jennifer , Tak Heekyung , Oleszewski Ryan , Mazzola Eugene P. , Jarvis Bruce B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFour new atranones were isolated from a culture of the filamentous fungus Stachybotrys chartarum. In addition, several ketal derivatives of the hemiketal atranones were prepared. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated based almost entirely on NMR spectroscopic evidence. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observational study of ACE inhibitor prescribing habits of diabetes physicians in the UK
Authors: Bickerton A , Higgins B , Cummings MH 
Published: April 2003

AbstractACE inhibitors are recognised as playing an increasingly pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, although prescribing remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess current practice in the prescribing of ACE inhibitors for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.A simple postal questionnaire was devised to examine ACE inhibitors prescribing habits for patients with diabetes and was sent to all diabetologists in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.The response rate to the questionnaire was 57% (220/389 replies). Significant differences between ACE inhibitor prescribing in type 1 and type 2 diabetes were observed in patients with hypertension (92.3% first‐line therapy in type 1 diabetes versus 72% in type 2 diabetes, p < 0.001), microalbuminuria (95.5 versus 52.9%, p > 0.001) and retinopathy (30.3 versus 19%, p > 0.001). Less than 10% of clinicians advocated the use of ACE inhibitors for patients with the cardiovascular risk factors (other than hypertension and microalbuminuria) defined as entry criteria in the MICRO‐HOPE study. In the context of acute myocardial infarction (MI), 96% of physicians would use an ACE inhibitor in the presence of clinical heart failure, 60% would use an ACE inhibitor for uncomplicated anterior MI and 30% would use an ACE inhibitor in an uncomplicated inferior MI. Few respondents would investigate for renal artery stenosis prior to commencing ACE inhibitors. However, there was a significant difference in responses depending on type of diabetes (5 versus 9.5%, p > 0.004). 87.5% of clinicians would monitor renal function within a month of the introduction of ACE inhibitors and there was a heterogeneous response to the concentration of serum creatinine resulting in drug withdrawal in the context of deteriorating renal function (within normal range to normal range + 150µmol/L). 10.2% of respondents had withdrawn the drug due to erectile dysfunction and 2.5% due to hypoglycaemia. The most commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors were lisinopril (70.3%), ramipril (54.6%) and perindopril (40.5%).Although some consensus of opinion regarding the prescription of ACE inhibitors in the management of diabetes exists, there are many areas in which the lack of conclusive evidence results in considerable variation in clinical practice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical use of glucose sensors in the treatment of diabetes in children and adolescents
Authors: Ludvigsson J , Isacson E 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn spite of active treatment it is very difficult to achieve good metabolic control and avoid wide fluctuations in blood glucose, especially in insulin‐deficient type 1 diabetic children and adolescents. Even the most intense self‐monitoring of blood glucose gives just a glimpse of the full picture, and we usually know very little about glucose concentrations during the night. The MiniMed glucose sensor has been shown to be a helpful device, providing valuable information on which adjustment of treatment can be based and acting as an educational and motivating tool. Case studies illustrate how the glucose sensor can be used. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of poly(ω‐pentadecalactone)
Authors: Gazzano Massimo , Malta Viscardo , Focarete Maria Letizia , Scandola Mariastella , Gross Richard A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe crystal structure of poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) (PPDL) synthesized by enzyme‐catalyzed polymerization was determined by full‐profile refinement. A pseudo‐orthorombic monoclinic unit cell with dimensionsa= 7.49(1),b= 5.034(9), andc= 20.00(4)Å (fiber axis), and α = 90.06(4)° hosts two monomeric units belonging to polymer chains with opposite orientation, according to the P21space‐group symmetry. A close similarity to the crystal structure of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) was evident. However, the even number of backbone atoms in the monomer unit of PPDL leads to a lower crystal symmetry. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1009–1013, 2003
Surface modification of magnetic metal nanoparticles and its influence on the performance of polymer composites
Authors: Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu , Wang Hong Bing , Zeng Han Min 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTo control the interfacial interaction in magnetic metal nanoparticles‐filled polymer composites, surfaces of iron, cobalt, and nickel nanoparticles were grafted by irradiation‐induced polymerization. On the basis of the study of dynamical mechanical behavior, thermal stability, and magnetic performance of the composites prepared by either solution mixing or in situ polymerization, the structure–property relationships of the composites are a function of interfacial interaction and the dispersion state of the nanoparticles. In addition, grafting of polymers onto the surface of the metal nanoparticles changed the surface magnetic state, leading to the possibility of purposely tailoring the magnetic behavior of the composites. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1070–1084, 2003
Dielectric relaxational behavior of poly(diitaconate)s containing cyclic rings in the side chain
Authors: Díaz‐Calleja R. , García‐Bernabé A. , Sánchez‐Martínez E. , Sanchis M. J. , Hormazábal E. A. , Gargallo L. , Radić D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDielectric relaxations of several poly(diitaconate)s with cyclobutyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups in the side chain were investigated. The study was performed by determining the dielectric permittivity and loss, depending on the frequency and temperature. Dynamic dielectric measurements indicated several relaxations according to the chemical structure of the polymers. The dielectric behavior of these polymers was compared with those of poly(dicyclohexyl itaconate), previously reported. The α relaxations were analyzed with the Havriliak–Negami equation. Significant differences in the subglass relaxations were observed. A tentative explanation of the molecular origin of each absorption was proposed in terms of the number of carbon atoms of the ring and their conformational versatility. Strong conductive processes were observed in these polymers at low frequencies and high temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1059–1069, 2003
Effects of detergents on the secondary structures of prion protein peptides as studied by CD spectroscopy
Authors: Kuroda Yoshihiro , Maeda Yoshitaka , Sawa Shinichi , Shibata Kiyohiro , Miyamoto Kazuhide , Nakagawa Terumichi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPathogenic prion proteins (PrPSc) are thought to be produced by α‐helical to β‐sheet conformational changes in the normal cellular prion proteins (PrPC) located solely in the caveolar compartments. In order to inquire into the possible conformational changes due to the influences of hydrophobic environments within caveolae, the secondary structures of prion protein peptides were studied in various kinds of detergents by CD spectra. The peptides studied were PrP(129–154) and PrP(192–213); the former is supposed to assume β‐sheets and the latter α‐helices, in PrPSc. The secondary structure analyses for the CD spectra revealed that in buffer solutions, both PrP(129–154) and PrP(192–213) mainly adopted random‐coils (∼60%), followed by β‐sheets (30%–40%). PrP(129–154) showed no changes in the secondary structures even in various kinds of detergents such as octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (OG), octy‐β‐D‐maltopyranoside (OM), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Zwittergent 3–14 (ZW) and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC). In contrast, PrP(192–213) changed its secondary structure depending on the concentration of the detergents. SDS, ZW, OG and OM increased the α‐helical content, and decreased the β‐sheet and random‐coil contents. DPC also increased the α‐helical content, but to a lesser extent than did SDS, ZW, OG or OM. These results indicate that PrP(129–154) has a propensity to adopt predominantly β‐sheets. On the other hand, PrP(192–213) has a rather fickle propensity and varies its secondary structure depending on the environmental conditions. It is considered that the hydrophobic environments provided by these detergents may mimic those provided by gangliosides in caveolae, the head groups of which consist of oligosaccharide chains containing sialic acids. It is concluded that PrPC could be converted into a nascent PrPSc having a transient PrPSc like structure under the hydrophobic environments produced by gangliosides. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations on the chiroptical properties of rubroflavin: Determination of its absolute configuration by comparison of measured and calculated CD spectra
Authors: Wang Yuekui , Raabe Gerhard , Repges Charlotte , Fleischhauer Jörg 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe absolute configuration of rubroflavin has been determined by comparison of its measured and calculated CD spectra. For this purpose the structures of 30 plausible isomers of the title compound have been optimized with density functional theory (DFT/BP86) using a triple‐zeta valence basis set. The absolute (S) configuration at the S(O)CH3 group has been assumed in these calculations. One quinoid isomer, which is separated from all other structures by an energy gap of about 4 kcal/mol, was found to be the most stable species and to dominate the CD spectrum. The structure of this isomer has been reoptimized under the influence of a solvent using an electrostatic model (COSMO). Based on the geometries of the most stable isomer obtained in the presence and absence of the solvent the excitation energies and oscillator as well as rotational strengths have then been calculated using time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT/TZVP/BP86). Comparison of the measured CD spectrum with that calculated for the energetically lowest isomer shows that especially the long wavelength parts of the spectra agree fairly well as far as the wavelengths and the signs of the Cotton effects are concerned while the correspondence between calculated and measured intensities is less satisfying. The agreement between the measured and calculated spectrum is better if the geometry optimized under the influence of the solvent is used. A detailed analysis of the spectra led us to the conclusion that the absolute configuration of rubroflavin is (S). These results support earlier assignments based on semiempirical and ab initio studies on a thermal decomposition product of rubroflavin. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 93: 265–270, 2003
Systemic, but not local, administration of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists modulate prefrontal cortical acetylcholine efflux in the rat
Authors: Verrico Christopher D. , Jentsch J. David , Dazzi Laura , Roth Robert H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDrugs acting on brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors exert complex actions on modulatory transmitters that are involved in attention and cognition; however, little is known about the precise pharmacological and anatomical mechanisms that govern these effects. Previously demonstrated effects of cannabinoids on acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus prompted us to evaluate changes in the prefrontal cortex, a site associated with mnemonic and attentional functions. We utilized in vivo microdialysis, coupled with direct reverse perfusion of agents, to study the actions on cannabinoidergic drugs on ACh release within the rat frontal cortex. Systemic administration of the CB1 receptor agonists Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or WIN 55,212‐2 (WIN) dose‐ and time‐dependently increased ACh release; these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the selective CB1 receptor antagonist / partial inverse agonist SR141716A (SR). THC applied by reverse dialysis in the frontal cortex caused no change in ACh release, although intrastriatal infusions of THC decreased ACh efflux. These data indicate that cannabinoid agonists potentiate ACh release in the frontal cortex by activating cannabinoid receptors in brain regions other than the frontal cortex. Synapse 48:178–183, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The difficulty in distinguishing product from process
Authors: Abadi Christiano Danny , Bahill Terry 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWhen engineers design a system, they must design both the product and the process that will create it. Accordingly, systems engineers must write requirements for the product and the process. Stating these requirements in separate documents might make it easier to get the requirements right and manage the requirements when either the product or the process requirements change. But, of course, these two sets of documents must be intricately interrelated, integrated, and produced with extensive feedback loops. This paper shows the results of an experiment that was designed to investigate the difficulty in distinguishing between the product and the process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 6: 106–115, 2003 DOI 10.1002/sys.10035
The synthesis of optimal systems design solutions
Authors: Shell Tony 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBy building on earlier established work, a nonrecursive approach to design optimization is proposed. A “fractal” method of design is developed that embraces the entire space of candidate system solutions. It provides for the direct synthesis of optimal system design solutions of complex system implementations with multiple components, embodying different technologies, and with multiple levels of design hierarchy. The derivation and decomposition of comparative evaluation criteria and tradeoff functions, using “mathematical orders” over the space of candidate systems, is explored in detail. An extended form of the Subsystem Tradeoff Functional Equation (i.e., nk‐STFE for n components and k evaluation criteria) is developed, and its application to optimal design of complex systems architectures is presented. In particular, the effect of overall constraints on system implementation—in terms of combinatorial constraints on component choice, and the manner in which this is incorporated into a systems‐theoretic approach to complex system design—is discussed. The development of formal (systems‐theoretic) constructs, theorems, and theorem proofs, are provided where necessary. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 6: 92–105, 2003
The clinical use of milnacipran for depression
Authors: Morishita Shigeru , Arita Seizaburo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe examined the relation between dosage and efficacy, and the predictors of response to milnacipran. There was no difference between 50 and 100 mg dose. However, the 100 mg dose had a faster onset of action than the 50 mg dose. An age and an episode have been predictors of milnacipran.
Informatics for Unveiling Hidden Genome Signatures
Authors: Abe Takashi , Kanaya Shigehiko , Kinouchi Makoto , Ichiba Yuta , Kozuki Tokio , Ikemura Toshimichi 
Published: April 2003

With the increasing amount of available genome sequences, novel tools are needed for comprehensive analysis of species-specific sequence characteristics for a wide variety of genomes. We used an unsupervised neural network algorithm, a self-organizing map (SOM), to analyze di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide frequencies in a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. The SOM, which can cluster complex data efficiently, was shown to be an excellent tool for analyzing global characteristics of genome sequences and for revealing key combinations of oligonucleotides representing individual genomes. From analysis of 1- and 10-kb genomic sequences derived from 65 bacteria (a total of 170 Mb) and from 6 eukaryotes (460 Mb), clear species-specific separations of major portions of the sequences were obtained with the di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide SOMs. The unsupervised algorithm could recognize, in most 10-kb sequences, the species-specific characteristics (key combinations of oligonucleotide frequencies) that are signature features of each genome. We were able to classify DNA sequences within one and between many species into subgroups that corresponded generally to biological categories. Because the classification power is very high, the SOM is an efficient and fundamental bioinformatic strategy for extracting a wide range of genomic information from a vast amount of sequences.[Supplemental material is available online atwww.genome.org.]