bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of core transport changes in DIII-D discharges with off-axis T

e
profile peaks
Authors: Xie R , Austin M E , Gentle K , Petty C C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
DIII-D discharges that transition to H-mode solely with off-axis electron cyclotron heating (ECH) often exhibit strong off-axis peaking of electron temperature profiles at the heating location. Electron heat transport properties near these off-axis temperature peaks have been studied using modulated ECH. The Fourier analyzed electron temperature data have been used to infer electron thermal diffusivity. Comparisons with numerical solutions of the time-dependent electron thermal equation find that the data are consistent with a narrow region with electron diffusivity χ

e
an order of magnitude lower than the average value across the plasma, suggesting an electron internal transport barrier (ITB) near the ECH heating location. Detailed profile analysis and equilibrium reconstructions suggest that the formation of these ITBs are correlated with off-axis values of the safety factor q being near 1. Furthermore, the ECH driven H-mode discharges demonstrate more rapid electron heating rate near the ECH deposition location than L-mode discharges with higher auxiliary ECH heating power. Additional modeling attributes this difference to the modification of electron heat transport in the core at the L-H transition, which also sustains the off-axis electron temperature peaks.
Numerical model of restrikes in gliding arc discharges
Authors: Bourlet Aymeric , Tholin Fabien , Labaune Julien , Pechereau François , Vincent-Randonnier Axel , Laux Christophe O 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Direct current (DC) electric arcs are of particular interest because they can produce large volumes of thermal plasmas with controlled energy deposition. When such discharges are applied in a gas flow, convection displaces the top of the arc downstream while the arc roots remain attached to the electrodes, thus increasing the length of the arc over time. However, this growth is limited by a restrike phenomenon, which starts from streamers appearing in high electric field regions and shortcutting the long, stretched electric arc. From a numerical point of view, DC arcs can be efficiently simulated with a resistive magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) model, with numerical requirements in terms of spatial and temporal discretization that are compatible with classic fluid dynamics and combustion simulations. However, arc restrikes rely on the propagation of streamer discharges that are highly non-neutral phenomena, whereas classical MHD assumes neutrality. To tackle this problem, we propose in this paper a model of restrike that can be used in an MHD approach. After describing the ideas of the model, we perform a parametric study of the input parameters to examine its influence on the discharge dynamics.
High key rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution using telecom optical components
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Peng , Li Lang , Zhou Yingming , Zeng Guihua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one quantum technology that can provide secure encryption keys for data transmission. The secret key rate (SKR) is a core performance indicator in QKD, which directly determines the transmission rate of enciphered data. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a high-key-rate Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) using telecom optical components. The framework of CV-QKD over these components is constructed. Specifically, the high-rate low-noise Gaussian modulation of coherent states is realized by a classical optical IQ modulator. High-baud low-intensity quantum signals are received by an integrated coherent receiver under the shot-noise limit. A series of digital signal processing algorithms are proposed to achieve accurate signal recovery and key distillation. The system can yield a high asymptotic SKR of 10.37 Mbps within 20 km standard telecom fiber, and the secure distance can exceed 100 km. This result confirms the feasibility of CV-QKD with state-of-the-art performance using telecom optical components. Besides, due to the ease of integrating these discrete components, it provides a high-performance and miniaturized QKD solution for the metropolitan quantum network.
Enhancing variational quantum state diagonalization using reinforcement learning techniques
Authors: Kundu Akash , Bedełek Przemysław , Ostaszewski Mateusz , Danaci Onur , Patel Yash J , Dunjko Vedran , Miszczak Jarosław A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The variational quantum algorithms are crucial for the application of NISQ computers. Such algorithms require short quantum circuits, which are more amenable to implementation on near-term hardware, and many such methods have been developed. One of particular interest is the so-called variational quantum state diagonalization method, which constitutes an important algorithmic subroutine and can be used directly to work with data encoded in quantum states. In particular, it can be applied to discern the features of quantum states, such as entanglement properties of a system, or in quantum machine learning algorithms. In this work, we tackle the problem of designing a very shallow quantum circuit, required in the quantum state diagonalization task, by utilizing reinforcement learning (RL). We use a novel encoding method for the RL-state, a dense reward function, and an ε-greedy policy to achieve this. We demonstrate that the circuits proposed by the RL methods are shallower than the standard variational quantum state diagonalization algorithm and thus can be used in situations where hardware capabilities limit the depth of quantum circuits. The methods we propose in the paper can be readily adapted to address a wide range of variational quantum algorithms.
Non-stabilizerness and entanglement from cat-state injection
Authors: Peres Filipa C R , Wagner Rafael , Galvão Ernesto F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, cat states have been used to heuristically improve the runtime of a classical simulator of quantum circuits based on the diagrammatic ZX-calculus. Here we investigate the use of cat-state injection within the quantum circuit model. We explore a family of cat states,

c
a
t

m
∗

, and describe circuit gadgets using them to concurrently inject non-stabilizerness (also known as magic) and entanglement into any quantum circuit. We provide numerical evidence that cat-state injection does not lead to speed-up in classical simulation. On the other hand, we show that our gadgets can be used to widen the scope of compelling applications of cat states. Specifically, we show how to leverage them to achieve savings in the number of injected qubits, and also to induce scrambling dynamics in otherwise non-entangling Clifford circuits in a controlled manner.
A collective perception model for neighbor selection in groups based on visual attention mechanisms
Authors: Li Kang , Li Liang , Groß Roderich , Zhao Shiyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms by which individuals visually perceive and select others within a group to interact with are of fundamental importance to various collective motion behaviors. However, they remain poorly understood theoretically, partially due to the challenges of modeling neurological perception systems. Here, the classic zoom-lens visual attention model is introduced into collective perception, leading to an attention-based model with only a single parameter. Numerical experiments reveal that the proposed model offers a unified mechanism for collective perception, as reflected in three aspects. First, this model describes both conspecific (e.g. flocking) and heterospecific (e.g. predator-prey) collective behaviors. Second, this model unifies the well-known topological and visibility models in the context of neighbor selection in conspecific groups. Third, in the context of prey selection in heterospecific groups, the model can simultaneously replicate the well-known confusion and oddity effects. These findings demonstrate the fundamental role of visual attention underlying a diverse array of collective motion behaviors.
Penetration of particles through vertical cracks
Authors: Orabi M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In a previous study, a new deposition model was developed to account for deposition of aerosol particles on the inner walls of small containers. In this article, the model applicability is extended by including deposition on horizontal surfaces, both upward-facing and downward-facing. After that, the model is applied to study a vital new issue, which is the penetration of aerosols to the indoors through vertical wall cracks. Previous studies, both theoretically and experimentally, never addressed penetration through vertical cracks. This study therefore aims to show the difference between penetration through vertical cracks and horizontal ones by applying the fourth-power model, which is very successful in describing deposition in small volumes. The penetration model formulated in this study takes into account, not only the thickness and depth of the crack, as usually happens in most penetration models, but all the three dimensions of the crack; thickness, depth and width. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the experimental data. This demonstrates the success of the extended fourth-power model in describing deposition inside cracks. Moreover, the results show a clear difference between vertical and horizontal cracks for the penetration of aerosols with diameter larger than

∼
1

μ
m
.

An application of the developed deposition and penetration models is presented, where a method for calculating the radioactive aerosols indoor concentrations is explained.
Magnetic flutter effect on validated edge turbulence simulations
Authors: Zhang Kaiyu , Zholobenko Wladimir , Stegmeir Andreas , Eder Konrad , Jenko Frank 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Small magnetic fluctuations (

B
1

/

B
0

∼

10

−
4

) are intrinsically present in a magnetic confinement plasma due to turbulent currents. While the perpendicular transport of particles and heat is typically dominated by fluctuations of the electric field, the parallel stream of plasma is affected by fluttering magnetic field lines. In particular through electrons, this indirectly impacts the turbulence dynamics. Even in low beta conditions, we find that E × B turbulent transport can be reduced by more than a factor 2 when magnetic flutter is included in our validated edge turbulence simulations of L-mode ASDEX Upgrade. The primary reason for this is the stabilization of drift-Alfvén-waves, which reduces the phase shifts of density and temperature fluctuations with respect to potential fluctuations. This stabilization can be qualitatively explained by linear analytical theory and appreciably reinforced by the flutter nonlinearity. As a secondary effect, the steeper temperature gradients and thus higher η

i
increase the impact of the ion-temperature-gradient mode on overall turbulent transport. With increasing beta, the stabilizing effect on E × B turbulence increases, balancing the destabilization by induction, until direct electromagnetic perpendicular transport is triggered. We conclude that including flutter is crucial for predictive edge turbulence simulations.
An analytical model of how the negative triangularity cuts off the access to the second stable region in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Zhang Y. , Guo Z.B. , Ma R.R. , Xu M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present an analytical model to evaluate the triangularity-shaping effects in accessing the second stable region for the ideal ballooning mode. Our results indicate that if the triangularity is sufficiently negative, the path from the first to the second stable region will be closed. The reason is that negative triangularity can weaken the stabilizing effect of the ‘magnetic well’, and even convert the ‘magnetic well’ into a ‘magnetic hill’, which will destabilize the ballooning mode. We also show that the synergistic effects of elongation, inverse aspect ratio, and safety factor can reopen the path to the second stable region. Through a variational approach, we derive an analytical expression of the critical negative triangularity for closing the access to the second stable region. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that in the second ballooning stable regime, the negative triangularity tends to inhibit the emergence of quasi marginally stable discrete Alfvén eigenmodes. These findings provide a quantitative understanding of how the negative triangularity configuration impacts the confinement of tokamak plasmas.
Feasibility of using 3D CZT drift strip detectors for small Compton camera space missions
Authors: Owe S.R.H. , Kuvvetli I. , Zoglauer A. , Budtz-Jørgensen C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This feasibility study explores the possibility of using 3D CZT drift strip detectors
developed by DTU Space in a small Compton camera payload, with the primary objective of technology
demonstration. We have defined a scalable mass model for the payload, comprising eight 3D CZT
drift strip detectors surrounded by CsI scintillator detectors for active shielding. The payload's
angular resolution, effective area, and efficiency are evaluated through simulations of far-field
monochromatic point sources. The instrument's sensitivity is assessed in a low Earth orbit
background environment for

nuclear line and continuum emission sources.
With a 3σ point source
sensitivity in the order of 10-4 [ph/cm2/s], it is evident that such an instrument only
allows for limited scientific goals. In-orbit simulations of bright sources are conducted,
resulting in reasonable observation times for the Crab Nebula at a 5σ significance
level. Furthermore, in-orbit simulations of a selection of bright gamma-ray bursts indicate the
potential for observing bright transient events. The study underscores the potential of using 3D
CZT drift strip detectors in Compton camera configurations but also highlights the need for a
larger effective area to improve sensitivity. However, for a technology demonstration aimed at
increasing the Technology Readiness Level of the 3D CZT drift strip detector, a small Compton
camera configuration like the one presented in this study could be a viable solution.
Optimizing and characterizing the Timepix2 hybrid pixel detector: enhancing
performance and precision for scientific and industrial applications
Authors: Hladik D. , Jakubek J. , Sykorova K. , Cerna T. , Doubravova D. , Urban M. , Polansky S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The introduction of the new hybrid pixel detector Timepix2, as a successor to the well-known Timepix detector, has presented new opportunities for optimizing and characterizing this novel device. In this paper, we study the Timepix2 detector optimization and analyze its behavior, which enables better parameter setting for specific applications, resulting in enhanced device performance. Our newly developed equalization process, in conjunction with the device optimization, has led to significant improvements in the detector's accuracy and performance, facilitating more precise data collection and analysis. These advancements pave the way for the broader utilization of Timepix2 in numerous applications, such as space weather monitoring, X-ray diffraction, etc. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the optimization and characterization of Timepix2, highlighting its potential as a powerful tool in various scientific, industrial and space applications.
Characterization of organic glass scintillator bars and their potential for a hybrid neutron/gamma ray imaging system for proton radiotherapy range verification
Authors: Turko J. , Beyer R. , Junghans A.R. , Meric I. , Mueller S.E. , Pausch G. , Ratliff H.N. , Römer K. , Schellhammer S.M. , Setterdahl L.M. , Urlass S. , Wagner A. , Kögler T. ,   the NOVO collaboration
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For accurate and simultaneous imaging of fast neutrons (FNs)
and prompt gamma rays (PGs) produced during proton therapy, the
selection of a highly performant detector material is crucial. In
this work, a promising candidate material known as organic glass
scintillator (OGS) is characterized for this task. To this end, a
precisely-timed source of neutrons and Bremsstrahlung radiation
produced by the nELBE facility was used to study the light
output and neutron/gamma ray pulse shape discrimination (PSD)
properties of a 1 × 1 × 20 cm3 OGS bar with
double-sided readout. Furthermore, the energy, timing, and
depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolutions of 1 × 1 × 10 cm3 and 1 × 1 × 20 cm3 OGS and EJ-200 bars were
characterized with radioactive sources. For electron-equivalent
energies above 0.5 MeVee, OGS was found to have excellent PSD
capabilities (figure-of-merit above 1.27), energy resolution (below
12%), coincident time resolution (below 500 ps), and DOI
resolution (below 10 mm). This work establishes the data analysis
methods required for hybrid FN/PG imaging using OGS, and
demonstrates the materials' excellent performance for this
application.
Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic action of a pluronic and pectin based film loaded with methylene blue against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chakraborty Sourabrata , Shukla Shivangi , Rastogi Mahima , Mund Sai Sarbani , Chowdhury Anupam , Mukherjee Chandrachur , Sahu Khageswar , Majumder Shovan Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial wound dressings play a crucial role in treatment of wound infections. However, existing commercial options fall short due to antibiotic resistance and the limited spectrum of activity of newly emerging antimicrobials against bacteria that are frequently encountered in wound infections. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is very promising alternative therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistant microbes such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, delivery of the photosensitizer (PS) homogeneously to the wound site is a challenge. Though polymeric wound dressings based on synthetic and biopolymers are being explored for aPDT, there is paucity of data regarding their in vivo efficacy. Moreover, there are no studies on use of PS loaded, pluoronic (PL) and pectin (PC) based films for aPDT. We report development of a polymeric film for potential use in aPDT. The film was prepared using PL and PC via solvent casting approach and impregnated with methylene blue (MB) for photodynamic inactivation of MRSA in vitro and in vivo. Atomic force microscopic imaging of the films yielded vivid pictures of surface topography, with rough surfaces, pores, and furrows. The PL:PC ratio (2:3) was optimized that would result in an intact film but exhibit rapid release of MB in time scale suitable for aPDT. The film showed good antibacterial activity against planktonic suspension, biofilm of MRSA upon exposure to red light. Investigations on MRSA infected excisional wounds of mice reveal that topical application of MB loaded film for 30 min followed by red light exposure for 5 min (fluence; ∼30 J cm−2) or 10 min (fluence; ∼60 J cm−2) reduces ∼80% or ∼92% of bioburden, respectively. Importantly, the film elicits no significant cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PS-loaded PL-PC based films are a promising new tool for treatment of MRSA infected wounds.
Quantifying Bell nonlocality of a pure two-qudit state via its entanglement
Authors: Loubenets Elena R , Kuznetsov Sergey , Hanotel Louis 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For the maximal violation of all Bell inequalities by an arbitrary pure two-qudit state of any dimension, we derive a new lower bound expressed via the concurrence of this pure state. This new lower bound and the upper bound on the maximal Bell violation, found in Loubenets and Namkung (2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
55 285301) and also expressed via the concurrence, analytically quantify Bell nonlocality of a pure two-qudit state via its entanglement, in particular, prove explicitly that entanglement of a pure two-qudit state is necessary and sufficient for its Bell nonlocality. By re-visiting the pure two-qubit case, we also find and rigorously prove the new results on correlation properties of an arbitrary pure two-qubit state.
Polymorphic states investigations in thermal conductivity of 1-fluoroadamantane
Authors: Szewczyk Daria , Krivchikov Alexander I , Jeżowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The temperature dependencies of the thermal conductivity coefficient, κ(T), in 1-fluoroadamantane were investigated for two different orientationally-disordered states. In the first one, κ(T) exhibits a crystalline character with a typical maximum and two anomalous regions marked at higher temperatures. Here, the low-temperature power-law dependence is reduced due to a relatively large contribution of dislocations and defects in the polycrystalline sample. Above 196 K, there is an anomalous plateau in thermal conductivity resulting from the presence of an intermediate centrosymmetric state. Further, a significant increase in κ occurs above 234 K, resulting from a phase transition to a high-temperature disordered cubic phase. Subsequent cooling of the sample leads to an irreversible transition towards a disordered state resulting in a κ(T) dependence corresponding to an amorphous material behavior. The primary anomaly at 196 K disappears, while the second one associated with the phase transition at 227 K shifts towards lower temperatures. The irreversibility of this transformation is also verified by scanning microscopy images. Thermal conductivity in both phases has an additional contribution of an Arrhenius type in their temperature dependences.
Predicting willingness to pay and implement different rooftop strategies to characterize social perception of climate change mitigation and adaptation
Authors: Untereiner Erin , Toboso-Chavero Susana , Fariñas Ana Vázquez , Madrid-Lopez Cristina , Villalba Gara , Durany Xavier Gabarrell 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the latest IPCC report, dramatic global climate action must be taken immediately to limit global warming to 1.5 °C, or face more frequent and extreme weather events with catastrophic implications. Cities must invest in climate resilience development; however, government policies are only effective if they are supported by the society in which they serve. As such, this study aims to characterize the social perception of climate resilience development, in particular the implementation of sustainable urban rooftop strategies, to support policy makers and enable individual action. This was accomplished through the analysis of 1,100 answered surveys in Cerdanyola del Vallès (Spain), to assess one’s willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to implement (WTI) rooftop strategies according to: 1. socio-demographical characteristics; 2. social perceptions and beliefs; and 3. surrounding land use and land cover, and vulnerabilities identified through temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps. The results of this study found age played a significant role in predictability, with 18–39-year-olds being the most willing to pay and implement the various rooftop scenarios. However, our results uncovered societal inequality as those 85+ were the second group most interested in rooftop agriculture but the most financially restricted. Belief in the viability of rooftop strategies increased respondents WTP and WTI while having access to ones’ rooftop increased willingness to partake in rooftop food cultivation and enhance rooftop greenery. A new finding presented by this study is the quantifiable impact that urban greenery plays on increasing survey respondents WTP and WTI.