bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational ensemble-dependent lipid recognition and segregation by prenylated intrinsically disordered regions in small GTPases
Authors: Araya Mussie K. , Gorfe Alemayehu A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe studied diverse prenylated intrinsically disordered regions (PIDRs) of Ras and Rho family small GTPases using long timescale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in an asymmetric model membrane of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids. Here we show that conformational plasticity is a key determinant of lipid sorting by polybasic PIDRs and provide evidence for lipid sorting based on both headgroup and acyl chain structures. We further show that conformational ensemble-based lipid recognition is generalizable to all polybasic PIDRs, and that the sequence outside the polybasic domain (PBD) modulates the conformational plasticity, bilayer adsorption, and interactions of PIDRs with membrane lipids. Specifically, we find that palmitoylation, the ratio of basic to acidic residues, and the hydrophobic content of the sequence outside the PBD significantly impact the diversity of conformational substates and hence the extent of conformation-dependent lipid interactions. We thus propose that the PBD is required but not sufficient for the full realization of lipid sorting by prenylated PBD-containing membrane anchors, and that the membrane anchor is not only responsible for high affinity membrane binding but also directs the protein to the right target membrane where it participates in lipid sorting.
A fluorogenic, peptide-based probe for the detection of Cathepsin D in macrophages
Authors: Rodriguez-Rios Maria , McHugh Brian J. , Liang Zhengqi , Megia-Fernandez Alicia , Lilienkampf Annamaria , Dockrell David , Bradley Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCathepsin D is a protease that is an effector in the immune response of macrophages, yet to date, only a limited number of probes have been developed for its detection. Herein, we report a water soluble, highly sensitive, pH insensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of Cathepsin D activity that provides a strong OFF/ON signal upon activation and with bright emission at 515 nm. The probe was synthesised using a combination of solid and solution-phase chemistries, with probe optimisation to increase its water solubility and activation kinetics by addition of a long PEG chain (5 kDa) at the C-terminus. A BODIPY fluorophore allowed detection of Cathepsin D across a wide pH range, important as the protease is active both at the low pH found in lysosomes and also in higher pH phagolysosomes, and in the cytosol. The probe was successfully used to detect Cathepsin D activity in macrophages challenged by exposure to bacteria.
Nonlinear dynamics and Kerr frequency comb formation in lattices of coupled microresonators
Authors: Tusnin Aleksandr , Tikan Alexey , Komagata Kenichi , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of microresonators frequency combs based on dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs). However, most of the studies have focused on the single-resonator level. Coupled resonator systems can open new avenues in dispersion engineering and exhibit unconventional four-wave mixing (FWM) pathways. However, these systems still lack theoretical treatment. Here, starting from general considerations for the N-(spatial) dimensional case, we derive a model for a one-dimensional lattice of microresonators having the form of the two-dimensional Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE) with a complex dispersion surface. Two fundamentally different dynamical regimes can be identified in this system: elliptic and hyperbolic. Considering both regimes, we investigate Turing patterns, regularized wave collapse, and 2D (i.e., spatio-temporal) DKSs. Extending the system to the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, we show that the edge-state dynamics can be approximated by the conventional LLE and demonstrate the edge-bulk interactions initiated by the edge-state DKS.
Synthesis of Axially Chiral Bibenzo[g]coumarin Derivatives by Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Thiocarbamates
Authors: Nishii Yuji , Miura Masahiro , Takishima Ryo , Ghosh Koushik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyaromatic organic compounds have attracted significant attention because of their wide range of applications in various functional materials. Recently, transition-metal-catalyzed C–H bond activation and the subsequent oxidative cyclization with unsaturated compounds has emerged as a promising synthetic method for multiring systems. We report a two-step synthesis of binaphthyl-fused chiral bibenzo[g]coumarin derivatives by Rh-catalyzed annulative coupling reaction of BINOL-based thiocarbamates with alkynes. The optical properties of the coupling products were evaluated.
Management of Sigmoid Volvulus: A Literature Review
Authors: Atamanalp Sabri Selcuk , Disci Esra , Peksoz Rifat , Atamanalp Refik Selim , Tatar Atamanalp Cansu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSigmoid volvulus (SV) is a rare form of intestinal obstruction in which the sigmoid colon twists around its own base. Endoscopic detorsion is the primary treatment in uncomplicated patients, while urgent surgery is required in the cases with bowel perforation, peritonitis, and unsuccessful endoscopic detorsion. In surgery, the gangrenous sigmoid colon is managed by resection, whereas sigmoid detorsion alone or with an additional recurrence-reducing procedure is applied in patients with viable bowel. However, the risk of recurrence following endoscopic or operative detorsion alone is as high as 90% with a risk of mortality up to 35%. To prevent or reduce SV recurrence, some selected cases require emergent or elective recurrence-preventive management including sigmoidopexy, mesopexy, mesoplasty, extraperitonealization, sigmoidectomy, and endoscopic percutaneous sigmoidopexy. However, the indications, techniques, and results of the above-mentioned procedures are controversial. In this review, the treatment options of SV and patient selection criteria for recurrence-preventive treatments are discussed.
Bilateral political tension and the signaling role of patenting in a host country
Authors: Zhou Nan , Li Jiatao , Wang Jue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe current increasing volatility in international politics makes it more important to understand how multinational enterprises respond to political tension between host and home countries. This paper explains the impact of macro-level bilateral political tension on micro-level strategy of multinationals in the host country. We developed the idea that patenting may be used to signal a firm’s commitment and contribution to the host country’s economy and development. Data on 437 large multinationals and interviews with senior managers of 20 foreign subsidiaries in China show that patenting local innovation does indeed help an investing firm signal its usefulness to the host country government. It can thus serve as a response to bilateral political tension. The relationship between political tension and local patenting also depends on the relative trade dependence of the home and host countries and on the investing firm’s technology level and its stake in China. The greater the dependence of an MNE and its home country government on the host country, the more likely patenting of local innovations would increase in times of bilateral political tension.
A tale of analogies: a review on gravitomagnetic effects, rotating sources, observers and all that
Authors: Ruggiero Matteo Luca , Astesiano Davide 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gravitoelectromagnetic analogies are somewhat ubiquitous in General Relativity, and they are often used to explain peculiar effects of Einstein’s theory of gravity in terms of familiar results from classical electromagnetism. Perhaps, the best known of these analogy pertains to the similarity between the equations of electromagnetism and those of the linearized theory of General Relativity. But the analogy is somewhat deeper and ultimately rooted in the splitting of spacetime, which is preliminary to the definition of the measurement process in General Relativity. In this paper we review the various approaches that lead to the introduction of a magnetic-like part of the gravitational interaction, briefly called gravitomagnetic and, then, we provide a survey of the recent developments both from the theoretical and experimental viewpoints.
The effects of amino acid functionalisation on the optoelectronic properties and self-assembly of perylene bisimides
Authors: Welsh Thomas A , Egan Jacquelyn G , Dietrich Bart , Rafferty Niamh , Ginesi Rebecca E , Doutch James , Schweins Ralf , Draper Emily R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Here we report on ten water-soluble perylene bisimides that are functionalised with the amino acids L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-methionine, L-valine, L-tryptophan, and L-tyrosine. Reduction potentials, absoprtion and emission spectra, molar absorptivity, quantum yield, and rheology are obtained and the data interpreted for each species in aqueous solution or hydrogels in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subtle effects of amino acid functionalisation on the optoelectronic and supramolecular properties.
Static theoretical investigations of organic redox active materials for redox flow batteries
Authors: Zaichenko Aleksandr , Achazi Andreas J , Kunz Simon , Wegner Hermann A , Janek Jürgen , Mollenhauer Doreen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
New efficient redox flow batteries (RFBs) are currently of great interest for large-scale storage of renewable energy. Further development requires the improvement of the redox active materials. Quantum chemical calculations allow the screening of large numbers of redox active molecules for required static molecular properties. In particular, redox potentials are calculated in high-throughput studies. In addition, calculations of solubility and reactivity and in-depth electronic structure analysis are performed for smaller numbers of molecules. In this review, we provide an overview of the static theoretical investigations carried out on the known classes of molecules that are considered as redox active materials in RFBs. We will focus on electronic structure methods such as density functional theory and wave function-based methods. Furthermore, investigations using the increasingly important machine learning techniques are presented. For each class of redox active molecules considered, significant theoretical results are presented and discussed. In addition, the different quantum chemical approaches used are examined, in particular with regard to their advantages and limitations. Another focus of this review is the comparison of theoretically predicted results with available experimental studies. Finally, future challenges and trends in the theoretical studies of redox active materials are highlighted.
Runtime optimization of acquisition trajectories for x-ray computed tomography with a robotic sample holder
Authors: Pekel Erdal , Lancho Lavilla María , Pfeiffer Franz , Lasser Tobias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tomographic imaging systems are expected to work with a wide range of samples that house complex structures and challenging material compositions, which can influence image quality in a bad way. Complex samples increase total measurement duration and may introduce beam-hardening artifacts that lead to poor reconstruction image quality. This work presents an online trajectory optimization method for an x-ray computed tomography system with a robotic sample holder. The proposed method reduces measurement time and increases reconstruction image quality by generating an optimized spherical trajectory for the given sample without prior knowledge. The trajectory is generated successively at runtime based on intermediate sample measurements. We present experimental results with the robotic sample holder where two sample measurements using an optimized spherical trajectory achieve improved reconstruction quality compared to a conventional spherical trajectory. Our results demonstrate the ability of our system to increase reconstruction image quality and avoid artifacts at runtime when no prior information about the sample is provided.
An algorithm for localization of fatigue crack in spinning rotor based on proof by negation
Authors: Teyi Nabam , Singh Sandeep 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative signal-based approach for detection and localization of a fatigue crack induced in spinning rotors. For development of the algorithm and demonstration of the its capabilities, a conventional rotor supported by rigid end bearings has been considered. In this demonstration, a cracked rotor is simulated using finite elements with four degrees of freedom per node. The model accounts for the gyroscopic effects caused by the offset disc and the breathing of the fatigue crack. The gyroscopic effects are accounted for by the introduction of the gyroscopic matrix in the finite element formulation, and the crack breathing effect is considered by introduction of the crack excitation function in the equations of motion The developed algorithm can also be used to simultaneously determine the magnitude and direction of the disc unbalance relative to the crack front. Also, the algorithm is used to validate the crack location hypothesis at a single node by introducing a variable crack location flag vector. The crack location flag vector with the highest crack stiffness value accurately represents the true crack location.
Towards a robust and reliable deep learning approach for detection of compact binary mergers in gravitational wave data
Authors: Jadhav Shreejit , Shrivastava Mihir , Mitra Sanjit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ability of deep learning (DL) approaches to learn generalised signal and noise models, coupled with their fast inference on GPUs, holds great promise for enhancing gravitational-wave (GW) searches in terms of speed, parameter space coverage, and search sensitivity. However, the opaque nature of DL models severely harms their reliability. In this work, we meticulously develop a DL model stage-wise and work towards improving its robustness and reliability. First, we address the problems in maintaining the purity of training data by deriving a new metric that better reflects the visual strength of the ‘chirp’ signal features in the data. Using a reduced, smooth representation obtained through a variational auto-encoder (VAE), we build a classifier to search for compact binary coalescence (CBC) signals. Our tests on real LIGO data show an impressive performance of the model. However, upon probing the robustness of the model through adversarial attacks, its simple failure modes were identified, underlining how such models can still be highly fragile. As a first step towards bringing robustness, we retrain the model in a novel framework involving a generative adversarial network (GAN). Over the course of training, the model learns to eliminate the primary modes of failure identified by the adversaries. Although absolute robustness is practically impossible to achieve, we demonstrate some fundamental improvements earned through such training, like sparseness and reduced degeneracy in the extracted features at different layers inside the model. We show that these gains are achieved at practically zero loss in terms of model performance on real LIGO data before and after GAN training. Through a direct search on

∼

8.8

days of LIGO data, we recover two significant CBC events from GWTC-2.1 (Abbott et al 2022 2108.01045 [gr-qc]), GW190519_153544 and GW190521_074359. We also report the search sensitivity obtained from an injection study.
The Literary Detective
Authors: Rowson Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Literary Detective is an omnibus edition of John Sutherland's three best-selling collections of literary puzzles, Is Heathcliffe a Murderer?, Can Jane Eyre be Happy?, and Who Betrays Elizabeth Bennet? Investigating a variety of anomalies, enigmas, and conundrums such as 'Why does Robinson Crusoe find only one footprint?' and 'Where does Fanny Hill keep her contraceptives?', Professor Sutherland explores the questions readers often ask and critics rarely discuss. His forensic skills focus on authors from Defoe and Fielding to Wells and Woolf, relishing in particular the nineteenth-century novelists, Austen, Collins, Dickens, and the Brontës. By addressing 'real world' questions John Sutherland has brought lit. crit. Down from the rarefied heights of academe and into the everyday discourse of ordinary readers, who bring their own expertise to bear on these novels. In his introduction he quotes from some of the many letters he has received, which demonstrate that we can all be astute and entertaining critics. The 'Sherlock Holmes of Literature', as he has been called, John Sutherland reminds us of the sheer pleasure and excitement that good books inspire, and of their endless ability to surprise and delight us.
Measurement of blood flow
Authors: Peters A M , Myers M J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relationship between pressure, flow and resistance in the vasculature is the same as that between voltage, current and resistance in Ohm’s law, i.e 7.2. The cardiac pump maintains a total resting flow of about 5 litres/min distributed to the major systems of the body as listed in Table 3.1. Blood flow to an organ can be expressed in several different ways; firstly, as blood flow itself, with units of ml/min. Secondly, as perfusion which takes account of the size of the organ, expressed as ml/min/ml of tissue or ml/min/g of tissue, and thirdly, in a unitless form, as The Fick principle states that when an indicator is introduced into a system it must be subject to the conservation.
Pharmacokinetics of agents routinely used in nuclear medicine
Authors: Peters A M , Myers M J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The appropriate use of radiopharmaceuticals de mands a clear understanding of their physiological handling, in particular the kinetics of bio-distribution and the physiological data they generate. The kinetics of most radiopharmaceuticals are well understood. However there are examples of agents, which, although having specific clinical applications, are not fully understood in terms of kinetics. Radio iodine and DTPA are agents with kinetics that are well understood, while those of DMSA and IDA analogues, for example, remain controversial.
A portfolio of postpartum disorders
Authors: Brockington Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many or most mothers, giving birth is one of the supreme moments of their lives. ‘The most characteristic mood experienced shortly after delivery is one of euphoria and elation’. In her book, the Psychology of Birth, Brudal wrote,
For some women, giving birth can be a peak experience. Immediately after delivery they feel extraordinarily strong and important. For some, delivery is an emotional ‘trip’. Some women, after delivery, enter a state of conscious ness similar to ecstasy.
Infant loss
Authors: Brockington Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The manifestations of bereavement have been described by Lindemann, Wret mark121 and Parke. Grief is the proof of love and the cost of commitment. The loss of a person, to whom one is devoted, results in a chain of psychological events lasting for years. When death is unexpected, there is a stage of shock, in which the bereaved person is stunned, dazed and emotionally numbed, and acts automatically for hours, days or even weeks. The reality and finality of the death is but slowly assimilated.
Staff development and the quality of teaching
Authors: Elton Lewis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most people would be very concerned, if they were operated on by untrained surgeons, if their cars were designed by untrained engineers, or their children taught by untrained teachers. In other words, we expect our bodies, our cars, and even our children to be in the hands of professionals, when they need attention. Yet when our children reach student age, it has been considered quite normal until recently that their professors should be untrained, and this may well still be the majority view within the profession of university teachers. Yet the very fact that such people are untrained calls into question the statement that they constitute a profession (Elton 1992; Warren Piper 1992). They are of course trained experts in what they teach, but they have normally had no training in how they teach. Furthermore, the how, of teaching is not confined to personal competencies as a teacher in the classroom; possibly even more important are the competencies of curriculum design, which greatly influence the what of teaching, and the attitudes which teachers bring to their varied teaching tasks. As there is now a concern both inside and outside universities, about the quality of teaching in universities, there ought to be a corresponding concern about the absence of training and development of university teachers. We shall address these two concerns in turn.
Useful opioid analgesic drugs
Authors: Park Gilbert , Fulton Barbara , Senthuran Siva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analgesic and euphoric properties of opium have been known for several thousand years. The word ‘opium’ is derived from the Greek, meaning juice—the source of the juice being the unripe seed-heads of the poppy Papaver somnifernm. Despite the years of use and abuse its derivatives still remain a useful and rightly popular drug for the treatment of pain.
Inhalational techniques and alternative therapies
Authors: Park Gilbert , Fulton Barbara , Senthuran Siva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probably the earliest form of inhalational analgesia was the smoking of opium, addicts absorbing the inhaled vaporized drug. More recently the inhalational route has been restricted to the use of a 50 per cent nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture known as entonox. Trichloroethylene and methoxyflurane, both anaesthetic vapours, were once used in low inhaled concentrations for analgesia but have now been withdrawn from use—Lmethoxyflurane due to its nephrotoxic effects, and trichloroethylene as it became commercially unviable. When the inhalational route is used the blood concentration of the agent reaches an equilibrium at a rate dependent upon the alveolar minute ventilation and the solubility of the agent in the blood. Insoluble agents such as nitrous oxide reach analgesic blood concentrations more rapidly than more soluble agents such as methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene. Similarly once inhalation of the agent has been stopped the analgesic effects of the insoluble agents wear off more rapidly.
Cognitive deficits
Authors: Baldwin Tony , Seddon Heather , Demellweek Colin , Hughes Bronwen , Fishwick Sue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to give a basic outline of the cognitive and educational difficulties which may follow an acquired brain injury. The focus of the chapter will be on traumatic brain injuries as these tend to be more frequently associated with long-term educational problems, which may often be subtle and become apparent only some months or years following the injury. As with other chapters there is considerable overlap with additional problems - including speech and language impairment and emotional and behavioural difficulties - which again reinforces the need for a coordinated and multidisciplinary approach for these children.