bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of The Importance of Environmental Taxes for Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia
Authors: Navisa Fitria Dewi , Ashsyarofi Hisbul Luthfi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The use of fossil fuels is currently the cause of climate change because 70 % are exposed to greenhouse gas emissions and 90 % of carbon dioxide emissions. The declining quality of the environmental will threaten the sustainability of living things. Regulations to fix the economic problem and environmental sustainability are Green Tax. In this study, the authors develop and examine the law in a normative manner, based on library research. The government needs to present the right Green Tax system to be implemented. This implementation can be seen in several Green Taxes that have been successfully implemented in several countries. The main goal of green tax is to internalize environmental costs in economic activity and encourage behavior change towards sustainable choices. By imposing a green tax on activities that damage the environment, it will provide incentives for sectors that are more environmentally friendly.
The Potential of Carbon-Offset as an Integrative Ecocide Prevention Instrument with Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Arifin R , Baiquni M I , Harris R F , Waspiah W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research is built from the concept that crimes against the environment also have implications for climate change. In this case, ecocides in the form of forest burning that cause Transboundary Haze to contribute positively in increasing carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Therefore, an integrated prevention instrument is needed to simultaneously mitigate forest fires and climate change. Thus, this study aims to examine the potential of Carbon Offset, or what in the regime of Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 concerning the Economic Value of Carbon calls it Greenhouse Gas Emission Offsetting, as an alternative instrument in modern environmental restoration. The research method uses normative juridical with a conceptual approach and legislation. The novelty of this research is to find a correlation between the impact of environmental destruction and climate change, as well as an analysis of carbon trading as an alternative solution. The results of the study indicate that the market mechanism-based carbon offset scheme is expected to be able to change the behavior of the extractive industry in forest land use, so that forest burning is no longer a profitable business option.
Investigations on Strength and Durability Properties of Recycle Aggregate and Fly Ash in Concrete
Authors: Reddy Lotla Sandeep , Srikrishna Thunuguntla Chaitanya , Praveen G.V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this investigative study the Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA) were put back with Recycled Course Aggregate (RCA) at peculiar proportions, the mechanical performance and durability properties of concrete are examined. The inclusion of fly ash (FA) is also introduced as stand–in of Cement. The present investigation aims to determine the effect of RCA as an stand-in material to NCA and to analyze the fresh properties like workability, density and hardened properties like Compressive Strength, Flexure Strength, Split Tensile Strength and durability properties like Water permeability and Sorptivity. Mix is formulated for water cement ratio 0.40. The specimens were casted of replacing virgin aggregate with RCA by 10% and 20%, and cement with FA by 10%, 20% and 30%. All the specimens are cured for 7 and 28 days as per requirement later they are tested. The acquired data are then compared between the strength of NCA of concrete and the proportion of RCA and FA. The outcome view is in such a way that the workability of concrete will decline as the replacement of RCA increases, by which it should limited to a fixed percentage (10% or 20%). The density of concrete is not altered by the put back of FA, but raise in percentage of RCA replacement could alter the density of concrete. In case of Compressive, Flexure and Split tensile strength of concrete the optimum strength obtained for 10% FA and 10% RCA for 7 and 28 days was similar to that of 100% NCA and 0% FA and durability studies also gave the optimum results for the same replacement.
Strength and durability study on alccofine based geo-polymer concrete
Authors: Ashwitha Rani B , Ramya Swetha R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete (GPC) emerging as the most innovative construction material, which not only reduces the requirement of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) but also enhances the properties of the concrete as well, and decreases the ejection of harmful gases into the atmosphere like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen, and Sulphur, Which is a prime concern for the environment. The need for concrete is raising uncharacteristically and so does for the OPC, to minimize the demand for OPC cementitious materials like Fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Silica Fume, Alccofine, Metakaolin, namely mineral admixtures used as partial or full replacements to the OPC. This present paper reports the properties of GPC made with Flyash, GGBS, and Alccofine for Mix M40- grade concrete the outcomes were contrasted with Nominal concrete which is made using 100 percent cement, Fly ash content of 50% was kept constant throughout the investigation whereas GGBS and Alccofine content varied with an interval of 5%. The concrete was tested for workability, strength, and durability aspects, an increment in the slump, and in the strength was noted, and great resistance was observed under the acid attack test for a GPC mixes, a combination of 50% Fly ash, 35% GGBS, and 15% Alccofine GPC mix was shown optimum results.
Mitigation Measures of Swelling Characteristics in Alkali-Contaminated Red Earth using Fly Ash and GGBS Blends
Authors: Kumar Darapu Srikanth Satish , Vindula Sai Kumar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Alkali contamination induces swelling in the inherently non-swelling soils, resulting in heave severely damaging the sub and superstructures. Stabilization measures must be taken in vulnerable areas to prevent such colossal losses. Considerable research has been conducted regarding the swelling behavior of soils contaminated with alkalis and the impact of subsequent stabilization techniques utilizing different industrial byproducts and pozzolanic materials. However, there is a paucity of such studies on the Red Earth (RE) of the Visakhapatnam region. Furthermore, limited attention was given to the effects of extremely low concentrations of alkalis on the swelling behavior of soils. RE in the study area of the Visakhapatnam region predominantly consists of quartz, kaolinite, and hematite. In phase 1 of the experimental analysis, RE was contaminated with a highly dilute NaOH solution (0.05 N), and the resulting swell characteristics were investigated. A free swell of 10% was observed. One-dimensional standard oedometer tests revealed an equilibrium swelling of 5.6%, indicating significant potential for substantial heave and subsequent damage. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of natrolite and analcime zeolites with a hollow structure, which caused the swell. Peaks of silicate minerals like paragonite and ussingite were also observed, indicating the dissolution of authigenic minerals and new precipitations even at lower concentrations of NaOH. In phase 2, swell tests were conducted on a mixture of contaminated red earth (50% w/w), fly ash (25% w/w), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS, 25% w/w), and it was observed that the swelling was completely arrested. XRD analysis unveiled that even though siliceous zeolites were formed, the development of chrysotile, attapulgite, tobermorite, and dicalcium silicate effectively inhibited the swelling with their pozzolanic behavior.
Thermal Insulation of Roof using Composite Materials
Authors: Narasimha Naidu V. , Charpe Anuja U. , Rajan K. , Sai Charan M. , Karthikeyan M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to industrialization and urbanization the temperature is constantly rising day by day. Conventional roofs used by low-income community/society like metal, steel, aluminium, copper, etc will absorb heat and increases room temperature which creates discomfort for the people. Use of natural fibre composites as a roof material are said to have benefits for the environment. There is an expansion in the usage of natural composite materials as it helps to decrease the room temperature and provides the comfort for the users. In this research paper, an attempt will be made to develop composite materials for layering of roof using sugarcane bagasse and polymer. The composite formed by using both waste materials like sugarcane bagasse and polymer will be tested in terms of various parameters like thermal conductivity, tensile strength and impact test.
Strength and Durability Studies of Geo-Polymer Concrete in the presence of Marine Water
Authors: Reddy Gadikota Chennakesava , Reddy KHK 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete represents an innovative and eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete, with the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. Extensive research has explored the strength and durability properties of both geopolymer concrete and control concretes made with ordinary Portland cement. Compared to its traditional counterpart, geopolymer concrete exhibits a substantially lower carbon footprint by utilizing industrial byproducts - namely fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) - as replacements for traditional cement. The present study synthesized geopolymer concrete mixes using Class F fly ash alongside alkaline activators. Following heat-curing at 75°C for 24 hours, the geopolymer concrete had cured, enabling subsequent strength and durability testing to proceed. A comprehensive tests assessed key parameters including compressive strength, sulphate resistance, acid resistance, water absorption, and chloride ion permeability. Test results demonstrated that the inclusion of fly ash and GGBS to synthesize geopolymer concrete significantly enhanced the acid resistance and overall durability compared to control concretes, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint. The outcomes highlight the promise of geopolymer concrete as a sustainable construction material that retains mechanical strength while enhancing durability.
Mechanical and Durability Evaluation of Hooked End Steel Fibers Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Sundararasan S Thendral , Vijaya Bhaskar Raju K , Venkata Krishnaiah R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Steel fibres reinforced concrete has recently been good alternative to normal concrete.This research seeks to explore the characteristic strength of high-performance concrete through the incorporation of hooked-end steel fibers, simultaneously evaluation their mechanical and durability attributes. In the experimental setting, multiple concrete mixes were meticulously prepared and examined, each containing different percentages of steel fibers varying from 0.5 to 2.0 percent. The percentages of fibres were used with the respect by volume of concrete. The primary objective was to ascertain the saturation point at which maximum strength is achieved and to identify any other pertinent factors. Five mixes were formulated, with one mix serving as the normal group, containing no fibers whatsoever. M30 grade concrete was employed in this investigation, incorporating steel fiber content ranging from 0.5% to 2.0%. Test specimens in the form of cubes, cylinders, and prisms were meticulously prepared and subjected to controlled laboratory testing following 28 days of water curing. Various mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of rupture, were assessed for all fiber percentages. Additionally, a durability assessment was conducted for period of 30 days to specimens containing 0% and 1.5% steel fibers, evaluating their resistance to acid, sulfate, and saltwater. Non-destructive tests, including rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity, were performed both before and after immersion to study the effects. The study’s findings revealed that high-strength concrete specimens containing fibers demonstrated a decreased occurrence of cracks, suggesting an improvement in ductility attributed to the inclusion of fibers in the concrete matrix.
A Study on Behaviour of Clayey and Silty Soils with Granite Dust
Authors: Lavanya Damaraju Lakshmi , Rao Poorna Hanumanth , Aishwarya B. , Priyanka G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A massive amount of granite dust is produced as a byproduct of processing granite rock. Disposing of granite dust is a fatal to human health and is a environmental toxic for land disposal. An attempt was made to use such a material in construction, decrease the disposing problems. Soil, an important material bearing the load of the resisting structure can be available in various layers beneath the earth. Clayey soil and mixture of silt in soil layers exhibits inadequate load bearing ability and shows significant changes in volume with respect to changes in moisture levels. Stabilization of soil is the process that improves the behavior of soil properties. The study investigates the percentage of granite dust that can be a best stabilizer to silty and clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effects of granite dust. Artificial soil sample were prepared with 0%, 12%, 16%, 20%and 24% with additive as granite dust on silty and clayey soils. Chemical composition of the granite dust was studied for the application of granite dust as a stabilizer. Comprehensive soil tests like liquid limit, plastic limit, Maximum dry density, swell index, shear strength, CBR were performed. A significant decrease was observed in liquid and plastic limit varying with granite dust for both the soils. The dry density increases with an increase in % of granite dust. Swell index shows a decrease rate with increase in granite dust. The shear strength and CBR values gave appropriate increase conclude that granite dust can acts good soil stabilizer for clayey and silty soils.
Assessment of Pedestrians Crossing Behaviour at Mid-Blocks Under Mixed Traffic Conditions in Urban Contexts
Authors: Shivakrishna Alety , Kumar Telluri Pavan , Rao KM Lakshman , Akhilesh Chepuri 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pedestrians are an integral part of urban transportation infrastructure systems, which is also sustainable mode of transportation system. But they are particularly at risk in isolated mid-block sites that have different levels of traffic. The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyze, and simulate pedestrian behavior at Uncontrolled Midblock Crossings in Hyderabad (Hitech city to Habsiguda) under Mixed Traffic Conditions. Particularly, the Mid-Block Crossing Behavior and Pedestrian Crossing Speed. A field survey needs to be conducted using during the project by using any kind of survey techniques, such as Video-graphic technique, manually. Different locations are to be identified, and to be chosen in accordance to Pedestrian traffic and Pedestrians Crossing at Midblock. The Survey should be carried out as per the standards and done during the peak hours. The overall Pedestrian Speed should be determined by using the pedestrian field survey. An Interview method Survey was done to determine the exact Age of Pedestrians at the Study Locations. The data that is required for analysis of pedestrian behaviour at the Mid-Block Crossings are included with Speed of vehicles, Crossing Speeds of Pedestrians, individual characteristics (Gender, Age etc.) as well as the type of Crossing Behaviour. The Pedestrian Crossing Speeds and the Cumulative Speeds were determined and the variations in accordance to Age and Gender were obtained for the selected locations. And further it can be extended to predict the Gap size of the locations by using the log Normal Regression Model and A Binary Logit Model can be examined to find the effects of behavioural aspects of parameters on the Gender (Male and Female) coded as a discrete variable.
Robust algorithm for the detection and classification of QRS complexes with different morphologies using the continuous spline wavelet transform with automatic scale detection
Authors: Martínez-Suárez Frank , Alvarado-Serrano Carlos , Casas Oscar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work presents an algorithm for the detection and classification of QRS complexes based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with splines. This approach can evaluate the CWT at any integer scale and the analysis is not restricted to powers of two. The QRS detector comprises four stages: implementation of CWT with splines, detection of QRS complexes, searching for undetected QRS complexes, and correction of the R wave peak location in detected QRS complexes. After, the onsets and ends of the QRS complexes are detected. The algorithm was evaluated with synthetic ECG and with the manually annotated databases: MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, European ST-T, QT and PTB Diagnostic ECG. Evaluation results of the QRS detector were: MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (109,447 beats analyzed), sensitivity Se = 99.72% and positive predictivity P+ = 99.87%; European ST-T database (790522 beats analyzed), Se = 99.92% and P+ = 99.55% and QT database (86498 beats analyzed), Se = 99.97% and P+ = 99.99%. To evaluate the delineation algorithm of the QRS onset (Qi) and QRS end (J) with the QT and PTB Diagnostic ECG databases, the mean and standard deviations of the differences between the automatic and manual annotated location of these points were calculated. The standard deviations were close to the accepted tolerances for deviations determined by the CSE experts. The proposed algorithm is robust to noise, artifacts and baseline drifts, classifies QRS complexes, automatically selects the CWT scale according to the sampling frequency of the ECG record used, and adapts to changes in the heart rate, amplitude and morphology of QRS complexes.
Approved Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Moral Distress: ‘Who Are we For’?
Authors: Hemmington Jill 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In England and Wales, approved mental health professionals (AMHPs) undertake interviews with service users as part of wider Mental Health Act assessments. AMHPs act as the ultimate decision-maker in relation to statutory detentions. They have legal duties to consider the least restrictive outcomes for service users, including alternatives to hospital. Yet they are increasingly unable to act on this, resulting in conflicting pressures. This article draws on a qualitative research study incorporating ethnographic research and interviews with AMHPs. Evidence suggests that service restructures are creating different approaches to practice with contradictory priorities, for example, whether the work is values-driven and relational or whether approbation is attached to a ‘need for speed’. AMHPs are increasingly deliberating about what makes ‘proper’ or ‘good’ AMHP practice, asking ‘who are we for?’ and referring to their work as ‘political activity’. AMHPs’ sense-making and language are indicative of moral distress. Organisational politics may lead to the work being seen as a technical-rational endeavour, not a moral one, leading to dissonance. More broadly, AMHPs and service users are, together, bearing the brunt of austerity measures and there are increasing unmet needs. Overall, there is a need to establish an ideological, theoretical and political base for practice.
Open transcatheter double valve-in-valve replacement for degenerated bioprostheses on the arrested heart
Authors: Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Holfeld Johannes , Naegele Felix , Grimm Michael , Bonaros Nikolaos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Failing bioprosthesis is an emerging issue due to (i) a shift towards liberal bioprosthesis implantation instead of mechanical prosthesis and (ii) an ageing population. Management of high-risk patients with bioprosthesis degeneration remains challenging.

Case summary
An 82-year-old patient with history of aortic and mitral valve replacement six years before presents with severe dyspnoea. Echocardiograpic assessment reveals (i) structural valve degeneration of the mitral prosthesis (severe stenosis and regurgitation) with concomitant major annular calcifications and (ii) structural valve degeneration of the aortic prosthesis with low-flow, low-gradient restenosis. Due to mitral annular calcifications, the risk of double valve re-replacement and the age of the patient conventional reoperation was deemed very high. The patient is evaluated for transapical double valve implantation. This option is rejected due to the high risk of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The patient is treated with an open transcatheter double valve-in-valve procedure at the following sequence: leaflet resection of the mitral bioprosthesis, mitral valve implantation and fixation under direct view, leaflet resection of the aortic bioprosthesis, and valve frame cracking and aortic valve implantation under direct view. Post-bypass echocardiography shows neither left ventricular outflow tract obstruction nor paravalvular leak or prosthesis dysfunction. The patient is extubated on the first post-operative day and transferred to normal care unit.

Discussion
Open transcatheter double valve-in-valve replacement for degenerated bioprostheses on the arrested heart might be a valuable alternative to treat selected high-risk patients with bioprosthetic valve degeneration.
Aortic arch redo surgery: early and mid-term outcomes in 120 patients
Authors: Dietze Zara , Kang Jagdip , Madomegov Khadzhimurad , Etz Christian D , Misfeld Martin , Borger Michael A , Leontyev Sergey 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyse the indications, surgical extent and results of treatment, as well as determine the risk factors for adverse outcomes after redo arch surgery.

METHODS
Between January 1996 and December 2022, 120 patients underwent aortic arch reoperations after primary proximal aortic surgery. We retrospectively analysed perioperative data, as well as early and mid-term outcomes in these patients.

RESULTS
Indications for arch reintervention included new aortic aneurysm in 34 patients (28.3%), expanding post-dissection aneurysm in 36 (30.0%), aortic graft infection in 39 (32.5%) and new aortic dissection in 9 cases. Two patients underwent reoperation due to iatrogenic complications. Thirty-one patients (25.8%) had concomitant endocarditis. In-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 11.7% and 15.0%, respectively. Stroke was observed in 11 (9.2%) and paraplegia in 1 patient. Prior surgery due to aneurysm [odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–17.3] and critical preoperative state (odds ratio 5.9; 95% CI 1.5–23.7) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Overall 1- and 5-year survival was 65.8 ± 8.8% and 51.2 ± 10.6%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 2.4; 95% CI 1.0–5.1) and peripheral arterial disease (hazard ratio 4.7; 95% CI 1.1–14.3) were independent predictors of late death. The cumulative incidence of reoperations was 12.6% (95% CI 6.7–20.4%) at 5 years. Accounting for mortality as a competing event, connective tissue disorders (subdistribution hazard ratio 4.5; 95% CI 1.6–15.7) and interval between primary and redo surgery (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.06) were independent predictors of reoperations after redo arch surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite being technically demanding, aortic arch reoperations are feasible and can be performed with acceptable results.