bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of US2, US6 and US11 human cytomegalovirus proteins on HLA class Ia and HLA‐E expression: impact on target susceptibility to NK cell subsets
Authors: Llano Manuel , Gumá Mónica , Ortega Mara , Angulo Ana , López‐Botet Miguel 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe compared in an inducible expression system the individual effect of US2, US6 and US11 human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins on HLA‐E and HLA class Ia surface expression, assessing in parallel their influence on target susceptibility to NK cell clones. To this end, the RPMI 8866 B lymphoma cell line (HLA‐A2, HLA‐A3, HLA‐B7, HLA‐Cw7, HLA‐ER, HLA‐EG) was stably cotransfected with the ecdysone receptor, together with the US sequences under the control of an ecdysone‐inducible promoter. Biosynthesis of viral proteins was turned on by incubating transfectants with Ponasterone A. US6 down‐regulated expression of all class I molecules, hampering target resistance to NK cell clones controlled by the CD94/NKG2A, KIR2DL2 and/or CD85j (ILT2 or LIR‐1) inhibitory receptors. By contrast, US11 reduced the surface levels of class Ia molecules but preserved HLA‐E; this rendered US11+ cells sensitive to NK clones under the control of KIR2DL2 and/or CD85j, while their resistance to CD94/NKG2A+KIR2DL2– effector cells was maintained. US2 preserved as well HLA‐E expression but selectively targeted class Ia molecules; in fact, HLA‐A and HLA‐C allotypes were down‐modulated whereas HLA‐B7 remained unaltered. US2+ targets became sensitive to KIR2DL2+ cells but remained resistant to CD94/NKG2A+CD85j+ NK clones. The differential effects of US proteins on HLA class Ia and HLA‐E likely reflect the evolutionary adaptation of HCMV to counteract NK‐mediated surveillance.
Study on the development of pomegranate juice processing technology: Clarification of pomegranate juice
Authors: Vardin Hasan , Fenercioǧlu Hasan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effects of clarification agents and methods on pomegranate juice quality were studied. Fruits were pressed as whole, and extracted juice was clarified with gelatin, polyvinylypolypyrrolidone (PVPP) and natural sedimentation. In order to determine the effects of these clarifying techniques on product quality, pH, total phenolic substances (TPS( anthocyanin, turbidity, and total colour density tests were applied to each sample. In clarification, the main purpose was to reduce the amount of phenolic substances. Phenolic substances were controlled in each clarification method. The most effective method was the application of 1 g/L gelatine for clarification. Sensory evaluation also applied for clarified juices and gelatin application was selected by panelists to be superior.
A Direct Synthesis of Nucleoside Analogs Homologated at the 3′‐ and 5′‐Positions
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen , Eschgfäller Bernd , Benner Steven A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA new route is presented to prepare analogs of nucleosides homologated at the 3′‐ and 5′‐positions. This route, applicable to both the D‐ and L‐enantiomeric forms, is suitable for the preparation of monomeric bis‐homonucleosides needed for the synthesis of oligonucleotide analogs. It begins with the known monobenzyl ether 3 of pent‐2‐yne‐1,5‐diol, which is reduced to alkenol 4. Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of 4, followed by opening of the epoxide 5 with allylmagnesium bromide, gives a mixture of diols 6 and 7. Protection of the primary alcohol as a silyl ether followed by treatment with OsO4, NaIO4, and mild acid in MeOH, followed by reduction, yields (2R,3R) {{[(tert‐butyl)diphenylsilyl]oxy}methyl}tetrahydro‐2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐5‐methoxyfuran (=methyl 3‐{{[(tert‐butyl)diphenylsilyl]oxy}methyl}‐2,3,5‐trideoxy‐α/β‐D‐erythro‐hexafuranoside; 10) (Scheme 1). Protected nucleobases are added to this skeleton with the aid of trimethylsilyl triflate (Scheme 2). The o‐toluoyl (2‐MeC6H4CO) and p‐anisoyl (4‐MeOC6H4CO) groups were used to protect the exocyclic amino group of cytosine. The bis‐homonucleoside analogs 11 and 14a are then converted to monothiol derivatives suitable for coupling (Schemes 3 and 4) to oligonucleotide analogs with bridging S‐atoms. This synthesis replaces a much longer synthesis for analogous nucleoside analogs that begins with diacetoneglucose (=1,2 : 5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylideneglucose), with the stereogenic centers in the final products derived from the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. The new route is useful for large‐scale synthesis of these building blocks for the synthesis of oligonucleotide analogs.
Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibitory Activity of 7‐Deoxycasuarine
Authors: Carmona Ana T. , Whigtman Richard H. , Robina Inmaculada , Vogel Pierre 
Published: September 2003

AbstractReaction of 1,4‐anhydro‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐1‐deoxy‐1‐imino‐D‐arabinitol N‐oxide (8) with allyl alcohol produced a 3.6 : 1 mixture of the two pyrrolo[1,2‐b]isoxazole derivatives 13 and 14. The major adduct 13 was converted to 7‐deoxycasuarine (7), a potent, specific, and competitive inhibitor of amyloglucosidase from Rhizopus mold (see Table).
Maternal distancing and event memory at 20 months
Authors: Prudhomme Nathalie 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMaternal distancing strategies (Sigel, 1993 in The Development and Meaning of Psychological Distance, Cocking R, Renninger KA (eds). Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ; 141–158) with 20‐month‐olds were analysed during a mother–child interaction in a free play situation. Then, they were related to memory performance of the children as assessed by the elicited imitation paradigm with 4 three‐step sequences of actions (Bauer, Hertsgaard, Child Dev. 1993; 64:1204). The aim of this work was to (1) confirm that the Sigel's model of distancing could be used with very young children under two; (2) study relationships between maternal distancing that stimulate representational competence of the child and memory performance of the children. Results showed two different patterns of correlations depending on the sequence type: for enabling sequences, significant positive correlations were obtained for the first two distancing levels whereas for arbitrary sequences no correlation was found whatever the distancing level. As discussed, the first pattern brings new arguments in support of declarative memory before the age of 2 years and reframes the memory development in a Vygotskyian interactionist perspective. The second pattern of correlations calls for replication and more investigation about the processes implied in memory of very young children for different sequence types. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Habituation in high‐risk infants: reliability and patterns of responding
Authors: Brian Jessica A. , Landry Reginald , Szatmari Peter , Niccols Alison , Bryson Susan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe examined both the reliability of infant‐controlled habituation and patterns of responding in a group of high‐risk infants (mean age 16 mos). Good test–retest reliability was found for mean, total, and baseline looking time for one of the stimuli. Classification of infants' pattern of performance yielded two groups: linear (57%) and non‐linear (29%) responders; 14% of cases could not be classified because of cross‐session inconsistencies in performance. Linear responders had shorter total looking times, fewer trials to criterion, and showed more habituation than non‐linear responders, thus validating the linear/non‐linear distinction. Our findings indicate that the infant‐controlled habituation task can be used reliably with infants who are at high risk for developmental disorders. Indeed, we provide evidence that this task is not only reliable, but may also provide meaningful distinctions between infants within the high‐risk population. Discussion focuses on the role of attention in distinguishing between short (linear) and long (non‐linear) lookers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable carbon isotope composition of terrestrial leaves: inter‐ and intraspecies variability, cellulose and whole‐leaf tissue difference, and potential for climate reconstruction
Authors: Rundgren Mats , Loader Neil J. , Hammarlund Dan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractStable carbon isotope analysis of terrestrial plant leaves preserved in Quaternary lake sediments has the potential to provide high‐resolution reconstructions of past climatic conditions. Preferably, δ13C measurements should be made on a single leaf component, e.g. cellulose, but this approach is often precluded by limited leaf availability. Previous work suggests that reliable palaeoclimatic information also may be derived from δ13C measurements on whole‐leaf tissue, given a similar degree of leaf decomposition between samples. Leaf δ13C data for 12 Scandinavian species of dwarf‐shrubs, shrubs and trees, and a comparison of δ13C data on recent and late Holocene Salix herbacea leaves, revealed that the δ13C signal registered by holocellulose is largely reflected by measurements on whole‐leaf tissue. Holocellulose was found to be consistently enriched in 13C, although this δ13C offset was smaller for subfossil leaves. This supports the use of δ13C measurements on whole‐leaf tissue for climate reconstruction, at least for leaves preserved in soft, late Holocene sediments with minimal diagenetic effects. Leaf carbon and nitrogen data on fresh leaves of the same 12 Scandinavian species, and corresponding data on late Holocene Salix herbacea leaves, suggest that the leaf C:N ratio is a suitable indicator of the degree of leaf decomposition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary gastric Burkitt lymphoma in childhood: Associated with Helicobacter pylori?
Authors: Moschovi Maria , Menegas Damianos , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Constantinidou Catherine Van‐Vliet , Tzortzatou‐Stathopoulou Fotini 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study was designed to estimate the incidence of primary gastric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in childhood and the possible association with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).ProcedureWe reviewed and analyzed the charts of 135 patients with NHL that were diagnosed and treated in a single oncology unit during the last 20 years.ResultsOnly two patients, 5 and 12 years old, with primary gastric NHL were found. Upper gastroduodenal endoscopy detected an ulcer in the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach, in both cases. Endoscopy revealed a moderate chronic gastritis in the antrum of both patients that was H. pylori associated in one of them who also suffered from chronic gastritis. Biopsy specimens demonstrated infiltration by Burkitt lymphoma (BL). The two patients received chemotherapy for 6 months. Additionally, one of the two patients received a triple therapy regimen with bismuth, amoxicillin, and metronidazole for H. pylori. Fifteen and six years later they are in complete remission, free of symptoms.ConclusionsPrimary gastric NHL in childhood is rare. It was found in fewer than 2% of our NHL patients. The temporal relationship between the H. pylori infection and BL suggest a causative link between these two events. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;41:444–447. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional cardiac wall motion abnormalities during and shortly after anthracyclines therapy
Authors: Kapusta Livia , Groot‐Loonen Jacqueline , Thijssen Johan M. , deGraaf Ruurd , Daniëls O. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackgroundTissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new non‐invasive ultrasound technique that enables quantitative assessment of regional myocardial wall motion. A previous study of survivors of childhood malignancies demonstrated abnormalities of regional diastolic wall motion abnormalities many years after treatment with anthracyclines. The purpose of the present study was to investigate this phenomenon during and shortly after treatment.ProcedureA total of 60 patients, age range 4.4–16.0 years, were included in this study: 43 early survivors, with a mean follow‐up duration of 2.1 (range 0.3–5.2) years from end of anthracycline treatment, were evaluated retrospectively. Seventeen other patients were evaluated before, during, and 6 months after the end of anthracycline therapy. All patients received moderate cumulative doses of anthracyclines (range 120–450 mg/m2). Echocardiographic examination was performed using standardized conventional and TDI techniques.ResultsOf the early survivors, 26 (60%) demonstrated regional LV free wall motion abnormalities. In the prospective group, serial echocardiographic studies revealed three patients (18%) with regional abnormalities of LV free wall motion before starting chemotherapy, but 14 (82%) at the end of treatment. Six months later, however, the incidence decreased to 61% of the survivors. Subject and treatment characteristics, as well as LV wall diameters and fractional shortening were not significantly different for children with or without free wall motion abnormalities. Regional wall motion abnormalities were also seen in the interventricular septum, although this was less frequent.ConclusionsRegional diastolic wall motion abnormalities are common during and shortly after anthracyclines therapy but may be transient. The authors recommend simultaneous use of both conventional echocardiography & TDI for the monitoring of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;41:426–435. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the nature of modified composite electrical effect parameters
Authors: Charton Marvin , Charton Barbara I. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIt is shown that a correlation of some property, reactivity or biological activity with pure parameters can also be carried out with composite parameters to produce a model with comparable statistics. Modified composite electrical effect parameters can be obtained from known composite electrical effect parameters by means of an algorithm such as

σX♦ = (σX + c)m

in which σX♦ is the modified composite electrical effect parameter (MCEEP), σX the original composite electrical effect parameter, c a constant and m an exponent. MCEEPs were calculated from this equation with c equal to 2 and m ranging from −4 to 4 when σX is σm or σp, and from −2 to 2 when it is σp+. They were used to model 10 sets of chemical reactivities that had previously been correlated with the pure parameters σ1, σd and σe, which represent the localized (field), intrinsic delocalized (resonance) and electronic demand sensitivity electrical effects, respectively. In most cases both the pure and the modified composite parameters give comparable fits to the data as measured by the values of 100R2, in accord with the prediction. The composition of the MCEEPs was a linear function of m. The advantage in using pure parameters is that they are readily interpretable. Correlations with composite parameters can be interpreted only if their composition has been determined. These results provide an understanding of the way in which topological parameters work. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydride abstraction from 1,3,5‐cycloheptatriene by gaseous carbenium ions, as studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance kinetics and deuterium labeling
Authors: Mormann Michael , Kuck Dietmar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe gas‐phase interaction of protonated acetone and tert‐butyl cations with 1,3,5‐cycloheptatriene was studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry. In addition to proton transfer giving C7H9+ ions, hydride abstraction from cycloheptatriene giving C7H7+ ions was observed. Deuterium labeling experiments combined with the determination of the reaction kinetics excluded the formation of C7H7+ ions by consecutive proton transfer and H2 expulsion under these conditions. The kinetic isotope effect measured for the hydride transfer channel was found to be in the range 1.65±0.1, very close to that known to operate during hydride transfer from simple alkylbenzenes to t‐C4H9+ ions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of lithium metal with benzil in THF. A kinetic study
Authors: Nudelman Norma Sbarbati , Velurtas Susana , Grela Maria A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe kinetics of benzil reduction by lithium metal in THF were investigated under different reaction conditions. The main reaction products were phenylacetophenone and bibenzyl; 1,2‐diphenylethanol and diphenylethene were minor products. The first radical anion intermediate formed by electron transfer upon chemisorption of the benzyl on the metal surface was fully characterized and quantitatively determined by ESR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the benzil decay and of the formation of the two main products were followed by GC and ESR. A unique feature of this reaction is the presence of a well‐defined and reproducible induction period. A mechanism is proposed which accounts for the main experimental observations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and structural characterization of trans‐tactic vinylene–silylene(siloxylene) polymers
Authors: Marciniec Bogdan , Małecka Ewa 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDivinyldimethylsilane (1), divinyldiphenylsilane (2), divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (3) and divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane (4) in the presence of [{RuCl2(CO)3}2] (I) as a catalyst undergo effective silylative coupling (SC) polycondensation giving stereoselectively trans‐tactic polymers (5–8) (Mw=3800–8500), yield 75–84%. The products isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and GPC methods cannot be synthesized via ADMET polymerization. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of source removal and natural attenuation remediation strategies at MGP sites in Wisconsin
Authors: Lingle James W. , Brehm Kevin L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article presents site closure strategies of source material removal and dissolved‐phase
groundwater natural attenuation that were applied at two manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites in
Wisconsin. The source removal actions were implemented in 1999 and 2000 with groundwater monitoring activities
preceding and following those actions. Both of these sites have unique geological and hydrogeological conditions.
The article briefly presents site background information and source removal activities at both of these sites and
focuses on groundwater analytical testing data that demonstrate remediation of dissolved‐phase
MGP‐related groundwater impacts by natural attenuation. A statistical evaluation of the data supports a
stable or declining MGP parameter concentration trend at each of the sites. A comparison of the site natural
attenuation evaluation is made to compare with the requirements for site closure under the Wisconsin Department
of Natural Resources regulations and guidance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterizing a Brownfields recreational reuse scenario using the Triad Approach–Assunpink Creek Greenways project
Authors: Mack James , Ellerbusch Fred , Librizzi William 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSince the early 1990s the U.S. government has been developing and implementing public policies that advance the
redevelopment of brownfields, and the recent passage of the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields
Revitalization Act (SBLRBRA) will significantly advance efforts to integrate environmental contamination
mitigation and redevelopment. Experience has demonstrated that successful redevelopment requires the collection,
analysis, and interpretation of environmental data in a timely and cost‐effective manner in order to allow
developers and lenders to efficiently use cleanup resources, develop response strategies that integrate cleanup
with redevelopment, and support meaningful outreach to involved stakeholders. Recent advances in the science and
technology of site characterization hold the promise of improved site characterization outcomes while saving time
and money. One such advancement, the Triad Approach, combines systematic up‐front planning with the use of
a dynamic field investigation process and the generation of real time data to allow in‐field decision
making on sample location selection.This article describes an application of the Triad Approach to redevelopment of an urban greenway in Trenton,
New Jersey. The Triad Approach, initiated through a partnership between the City of Trenton, New Jersey Department
of Environmental Protection, New Jersey Institute of Technology, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
demonstrated that this approach could accelerate the characterization of the 60‐acre, 11‐parcel
project area. Environmental issues that were solved using the Triad Approach included the delineation of the
extent of historic fill, determination of no further action for several areas of concern, detailed investigation
of specific impacted areas and the acquisition of sufficient data to allow the city to make important decisions
regarding remediation costs and property acquisition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Injecting remediation compounds—How you inject is equally as important as what you inject
Authors: Livadas Alan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe injection of remediation compounds has rapidly become a widely accepted approach for addressing
contaminated sites. One of the most fundamental questions surrounding the use of in situ
remediation has been “What compound are you injecting at your site?” With the advances in the
industry's understanding and acceptance of the in situ remediation process remediation
professionals are now asking a follow‐up question that has become equally important to the success of a
project: “How are you injecting a compound at your site?” This article discusses advances in
field applications for in situ remediation and injecting remediation compounds. © 2003
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of chronic “binge cocaine” on basal levels and cocaine‐induced increases of dopamine in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens of C57BL/6J and 129/J mice
Authors: Zhang Yong , Schlussman Stefan D. , Ho Ann , Kreek Mary Jeanne 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn vivo microdialysis was used to measure the effect of chronic “binge” pattern cocaine administration on basal and cocaine‐induced dopamine levels in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens of C57BL/6J and 129/J mice. Mice were implanted with a guide cannula in the caudate putamen or nucleus accumbens and after 4 days recovery, one group received “binge” pattern cocaine administration for 13 days (15 mg/kg × 3, i.p. at hourly intervals) while another group received saline in the same pattern. On the day before microdialysis, dialysis probes were lowered into the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. The next morning, after baseline dopamine collection, all animals received “binge” cocaine administration. Dialysates were collected every 20 min and dopamine content was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. In the basal condition, the mean level of dopamine in the dialysate from both brain regions of mice pretreated with “binge” pattern cocaine administration was significantly lower than that of the mice pretreated with saline administration. The absolute levels of dopamine achieved following “binge” pattern cocaine challenge were lower in the mice that had received chronic cocaine administration. However, when expressed as percent increase over baseline, the dopamine response to cocaine in the nucleus accumbens was significantly higher in mice that received chronic than in mice that received acute cocaine administration. Chronic cocaine administration led to a lowering of both basal dopamine and the absolute levels of cocaine‐induced increases of dopamine in the two brain regions, but enhanced the percent increases over the baseline in response to cocaine in the nucleus accumbens of both mouse strains. Synapse 50:191–199, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.