bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Keynesian Phillips curve
Authors: Bårdsen Gunnar , Eitrheim Øyvind , Jansen Eilev S , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The previous four chapters have analysed alternative models of wage–price setting in small open economies. A common underlying assumption has been that all processes are causal or future independent processes, that is, the roots of the characteristic polynomials are on (unit roots) or inside the unit circle. This means that the model can be solved uniquely from known initial conditions. In this chapter, we turn to rational expectations models—systems where expected future values of endogenous variables enter as explanatory variables, in one or more equations.
Transmission channels and model properties
Authors: Bårdsen Gunnar , Eitrheim Øyvind , Jansen Eilev S , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On 29 March 2001 Norway adopted inflation targeting. Rather than stabilising the exchange rate by pegging the Norwegian Krone to the Euro (or previously a basket of foreign currencies) the central bank became committed to an inflation target of 2.5%. This was in line with an international trend, as countries like Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom had already changed their monetary policy towards an explicit inflation target; cf. Bernanke et al. (1999).
Curious Narrative and the Problem of Credit: James Bruce’s Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile
Authors: Leask Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the late summer and autumn of 1774 London society was gripped by a mania for curiosity. Writing in her journal in that year, the young novelist Fanny Burney noted that ‘the present Lyon of the Times …is Omy, the Native of Otaheite;—& next to him, the present Object is Mr Bruce, a Gentleman who has been Abroad 12 years, & spent 4 of them in Abyssinia, & places in Africa, where no English man before has gained admission. His adventures are very marvellous.’ Mai (or Omai as his name was incorrectly transliterated) was a young Polynesian brought back from the Pacific on board Captain Furneaux’s Adventure, which had accompanied Cook on his second voyage.
Domesticating Distance: Three Women Travel Writers in British India
Authors: Leask Nigel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘There are peculiar powers inherent in ladies’ eyes’, wrote Lady Elizabeth Eastlake in an 1845 review of twelve recently published travel books by women, a belated acknowledgement of the importance of women travel writers by midcentury. Because women were accustomed to ‘count canvass stitches by the fireside’, she continued, they could see perspicuously where men remained content with ‘sweeping generalities’. Woman’s domestic confinement and the assumption that she possesses a particularized, unsystematic world-view are here converted into a narrative strength, supported by what we have seen to be the strongly empirical tradition of travel writing: ‘a man either starts on his travels with a particular object in view, or, failing that, drives a hobby of his own the whole way before him . . . [the woman traveller, in contrast] is less troubled with preconceived ideas as to what is most important to observe, goes picking up material much more indiscriminately.’
The Bagehot Problem
Authors: Hirsch Fred 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Under the lead of Friedman and Johnson, monetary analysis in the past two decades has been largely transformed. The previous institutional approach has been replaced by the application of micro-economic analysis; banking has been treated as an industry in which the size and pattern of output, and the remunera tion of factor inputs, are determined by the standard market influences. Normatively, particular characteristics of banking have been recognised as justifying some minimum of official regulation. But such regulation is itself to be exercised with the minimum administrative discretion and the minimum social control. Thus, the major normative implication of the analysis is that competition in banking is to be maximised, and administrative intervention minimised, subject only to the constraints stemming from the technical monopoly characteristics embodied in banking.1
Work and Vocation
Authors: Thomas Keith 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the early modern period, the idea that work might offer a route to human fulfilment had to surmount some formidable obstacles. The two dominant intellectual traditions, Christian and classical, in their different ways both encouraged the notion that work was a tedious, even cruel, necessity, and that, ideally, life would have been better if people did not have to work at all.
Selecting Queens During the Wars of the Roses
Authors: Laynesmith J L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The choice of a wife was the most important single decision ever made by any medieval king. The ability to produce from her a male heir was his most important responsibility. For her to bear this son in time for him to be of age when his father died was scarcely less essential. Thus Anne Crawford summed up traditional assumptions about the primary reason for medieval kings to acquire queens. Yet this contrasts with the marriage of the most famous of literary kings: Arthur, who was repeatedly invoked as a model of ideal kingship in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century texts.
Court and Household
Authors: Laynesmith J L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The court in fifteenth-century England is not an easy institution to define. Medieval historians have, until recently, tended to focus upon notions of the ‘household ‘, more easily imagined because of the surviving evidence of its administrative structures. The king ‘s household and court were so entwined, and mutually dependent, that separate definitions are unlikely to be satisfactory. D. A. L. Morgan has pointed out that the term ‘court ‘ was scarcely used under the Lancastrians and argues that it was Edward IV ‘s reign which saw the development of ‘a complex of ideas and attitudes, as well as social habits and institutional forms, which had given the “court “ a new or at least an acutely intensified self-consciousness ‘ and formed the basis of the more familiar Tudor court. R. A. Griffiths, however, has argued that there was greater continuity
Venue and the Defendant-Reverse Forum Shopping
Authors: Bell Andrew S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 of this book drew attention to the fact that, in relation to any given transnational dispute, there are likely to be several forums willing prima facie to exercise jurisdiction. The phenomenon of concurrent jurisdiction highlighted the extent of choice open to a plaintiff as to the venue in which a transnational dispute may be resolved. In Chapter 2, various incentives for forum shopping were identified. These have the consequence that the plaintiff’s ‘right’ to choose the forum can be an extremely valuable and important one.
Venue by Consensus-The Role of Jurisdiction and Arbitration Agreements
Authors: Bell Andrew S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Thus far, this book has been largely concerned with situations where parties have not adverted to the question of venue for the resolution of a dispute priorto that dispute actually arising. Failure to address this issue is, of course, not surprising in cases where the claim is one in tort where the parties will generally not have been in a prior legal relationship. The same may be said for some claims in quasi-contract or restitution, or arising under statute. Where parties to a dispute are in a contractual relationship, however, they have the opportunity to anticipate and minimize the scope for any clashes over venue in subsequent litigation by making express provision for venue or mode of dispute resolution in their
Personnel Systems and Policies of Local Governments
Authors: Inatsugu Hiroaki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although Japan’s local government system has been the subject of research from many different angles, few have focused on its personnel and pay systems. Such systems are the foundations upon which an organization’s work is performed, and this is true also of local governments. When discussing the decentralization of power, the capability of local governments to handle the administrative duties that may be transferred to them is often an important issue. It is therefore necessary to discuss in detail the characteristics of local governments’ personnel administrations and organizations.
Genealogy of Masculinity
Authors: Schneider Monique 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Monique Schneider was bom in 1935 in Mirecourt, a village in Lorraine, France. After graduate work at I’tcole Normale Superieure, she taught in Grenoble until 1970 when she was appointed director of research at the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (National Centre for Scientific Research), in Paris. Schneider’s thesis for the Doctorat d’Etat de Philosophic (1980) explores the connections between affect and the process of learning. Long interested in relations between philosophy and psychoanalysis, Schneider has been a practising psychoanalyst since the 1980s, and is affiliated with I’tcole de la Cause Freudienne (School of the Freudian Cause), Now director of research emerita at the CNRS, Schneider practises psychoanalysis in Paris.
The Excess Visibility of an Invisible Sex or the Privileges of the Formless
Authors: Nahon Claire 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Claire Nahon is a clinical psychologist currently completing her doctorate in Fundamental Psychopathology and Psychoanalysis. Her research focuses on the notion of trans-sexuality, as opposed to transsexuality. Through her clinical work with transexual patients she seeks to re-evaluate the commonly accepted usage of the term ‘sexuality’ within the field of psychopathology. Beyond the traditional Freudian concept of ‘bisexuality’ constitutive of a certain normativity with regard to the duality of the sexes, a normativity grounded in static modalities of desire anchored in anatomy, Nation’s elaborations of trans-sexuality destabilize socially acquired representations of sex and sexual difference.
The Gold Standard and Central Banking to 1914
Authors: Mouré Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The working of the pre-war gold standard and the development of modern central banking in the late nineteenth century form the essential backdrop to the inter-war struggle to restore stability and order to the world economy after the First World War. The gold standard was believed to be an ideal and natural system whose restoration was indispensable; the role of central banks received little debate in the inter-war years after an initial push to establish new central banks; their role was in a process of substantial evolution. Closer attention to pre-war experience might have shown that the gold standard was a recent and evolutionary system, and that central banks were undergoing significant development in terms of their responsibilities and practice. The classical era of the gold standard up to 1914 owed its stability to temporary, contingent factors that were altered radially by the war. The organization and the objenives of modern central banking and the international monetary system would be reshaped in a prolonged profess of adjustment to wartime and post-war changes.
Deflation in Practice, 1920–1924
Authors: Mouré Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
‘Gold is the only common standard which all European countries could at present agree to adopt,’ the Genoa resolutions declared in April 1922. Fernanda deliberations in Genoa reached no consensus on how to get back to gold, nor on how the restored gold standard should operate, although delegates agreed that a durable restoration required balanced budgets and external payments equilibrium. In retrospect, monetary authorities dearly underestimated the importance of a series of problems in returning to gold: structural changes in the world economy had altered patterns of trade and payments, domestic inflation had drastically exceeded expiations and (Control, deflation encountered unexpected difficulties in the downward rigidity of wages and the increased burden of public debt, and reconstruction expenditures were not covered by reparation payments from defeated enemies.
‘Rather a faith than a theory’: Central Bank Co-operation, 1916–1930
Authors: Mouré Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Central bank co-operation in the inter-war period has generally been either damned with faint praise or condemned as an outright failure with grave consequences. Stephen Clarke’s path-breaking study of central bank co-operation concluded that central banks achieved considerable success in stabilizing currents after the war. but that co-operation functioned as a ‘fair weather instrument’. After 1928, central bankers were overwhelmed by economic problems beyond their competence and capacit to control: Clarke judged their co-operation from mid-1928 to 1931 a clear failure.1 Kindleberger agreed. ‘Central bank cooperation, never deeply rooted, wilted even before the hot sun of 1929, and the torrid blasts of 1931,’2 and he doubted that co-operation could have done more to avert the Great Depression without strong leadership from one country.3 Temin has cauctioned that An operation was ‘not a good in and of itself’. Greater co-operation within the reigning gold standard orthodoxy in the early 1930s would have polished little: fidelity to the gold standard was the main problem, wok greater central bank co-operation to stay on gold would have prolonged.4
Child Poverty
Authors: Piachaud David , Sutherland Holly 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Poverty in childhood is important for social exclusion not only because of its immediate effect in constraining children’s lives but also because it is a cause of social exclusion in later life. Chapters in this volume on inter-generational associations (Hobcraft, Chapter 5), on how experience in childhood is linked with teenage pregnancy and relationship breakdown (Kiernan, Chapter 6), and on educational performance (Sparkes and Glennerster, Chapter 11) all show the significance of child poverty. It is therefore important in analysing the determinants of social exclusion to examine the determinants of child poverty. This is what this chapter attempts to do.
Understanding Financial Crises
Authors: Allen Franklin , Gale Douglas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
What causes a financial crisis? Can financial crises be anticipated or even avoided? What can be done to lessen their impact? Should governments and international institutions intervene? Or should financial crises be left to run their course? In the aftermath of the recent Asian financial crisis, many blamed international institutions, corruption, governments, and flawed macro and microeconomic policies not only for causing the crisis but also unnecessarily lengthening and deepening it. Based on ten years of research, the authors develop a theoretical approach to analyzing financial crises. Beginning with a review of the history of financial crises and providing readers with the basic economic tools needed to understand the literature, the authors construct a series of increasingly sophisticated models. Throughout, the authors guide the reader through the existing theoretical and empirical literature while also building on their own theoretical approach. The text presents the modern theory of intermediation, introduces asset markets and the causes of asset price volatility, and discusses the interaction of banks and markets. The book also deals with more specialized topics, including optimal financial regulation, bubbles, and financial contagion.
Prologue
Authors: Harris Frances 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the autumn of 1736 Francis, 2nd Earl ofGodolphin, was paying one of his regular visits to his racing stables at Hogmagog near Newmarket when he suffered a fit of giddiness which he feared to be the onset of apoplexy. A physician from nearby Bury St Edmunds, Dr Messenger Monsey, was hastily called in. He found his patient to be a widower in his fifties, of mild and amiable manners and pronounced valetudinarian habits. Although it was doubtful whether he was ever in any real danger, he was quite content to protract his convalescence over several weeks. Monsey was engaged to call frequently, made welcome, and paid well. By the time Godolphin was ready to declare himself recovered the two had become good friends.
Metropolitans and Mimics
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The twentieth-century recognition of the non-West by the West was earlier described as regenerative, a recognition of reciprocal affinities. It represented a new accessibility of what had once been disavowed as strange. But if viewed in terms of relative power and status, the semblance of reciprocity recedes. Colonized and creole artists may have been included in metropolitan culture as migrants, yet they were rarely accepted as full participants in that culture. Far from bringing disruption, the foreign and the ‘ primitive’ were enlisted by Western tradition as instruments of its own internal renewal.
Pareto-Improving Immigration in an Economy with Equilibrium Unemployment
Authors: Ortega Javier 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The existence and the nature of the effects of immigration on the economic situation of natives is a subject of debate in industrialized ‘host’ countries, particularly in Europe. The idea that the presence or arrival of immigrants may deteriorate the economic prospects of natives is widely spread. From the available empirical literature, the conclusion is, however, far from clear-cut, for the US as well as for Europe. As stressed by Borjas (1994) in his survey, ‘the most important lesson is that the economic impact of immigration will vary by time and by place, and can be either beneficial or harmful’.
External Effects Of Intellectual Property Rights In Technology Adoption
Authors: Rahnasto Ilkka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Network industries may involve tipping, a point at which the joint existence of two incompatible products may be unstable, with the possible consequence that a single product and standard will dominate. Therefore, the control of third-party behaviour through external effects to support tipping is potentially an effective strategy in the network economy. Traditional industries where tipping has occurred are FM versus AM radio, colour versus black-and-white television, VHS versus Beta in videocassette recorders and typewriter keyboards. In marketing language, these industries have experienced a paradigm shift with new technologies successfully replacing old technologies on the majority market.
Conclusions
Authors: Rahnasto Ilkka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This book is based on the presumption that intellectual property rights are valuable because they can be used to affect the way in which other companies behave and allocate their resources. This ability or opportunity to influence others is increasingly replacing the traditional ‘reward’ as the primary business justification for investment in intellectual property rights. In the network economy the activities of single companies always affect the value other companies derive from the same network. Consequently, the business environment offers increasingly possibilities to influence others.
The Applicable Law
Authors: Ramberg Christina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historically, the question of applicable law has not caused many problems in relation to marketplaces, since the auction and/or exchange have been geographica11y limited with all participating parties being physically present at the place where the deals are made. Because of the internationalization of auctions and exchanges the question of which Jaw is applicable becomes of greater practical importance. When an electronic auction or exchange is held over the Internet the question arises as to whether all states’ regulation applies, or only one, or only some.
Illegal Transactions
Authors: Ramberg Christina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In national law we find that certain objects may not be sold and that it is forbidden to provide certain services. States have different rules as to what transactions are allowed. Areas often restricted are pornography, copyright material, alcohol, and pharmaceuticals. We also find restrictions in relation to export control laws and trade sanctions. Other areas forbidden in national law may be transactions deemed by a national state to threaten interests of a religious or political nature. A well- known example is the French law forbidding the sale of Nazi memorabilia. Yahoo. corn’s auction site enables private persons (consumer-to-consumer) to offer Nazi memorabilia to be sold by auction. This is not forbidden under US law. Of course, the combination of differences in national law and the difficulty in establishing where the transaction is made, the nationality of the involved parties and the nature of protective intention behind the national restriction makes it particularly hard to determine the applicable law. Furthermore, it is in practice difficult for the national state wishing to enforce its restrictions to give them international force.
Sales En Viager
Authors: Dyson Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Transactions en viager derive their name from the obsolete French word viage meaning ‘lifetime’. They are by law sales which must involve some degree of alea or chance. The typical transaction is one in which the seller sells subject to a joint and survivor interest in the property for himself and his spouse and the sale price is paid partly as a lump sum and partly by way of an annuity. If the seller retains possession of the property it is a sale en viager occupé but there is no reason why the seller should not give immediate vacant possession when it becomes a viager libre.
The Régime Matrimonial
Authors: Dyson Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As eminent a lawyer as Professor Dicey when referring to the French regime matrimonial does so by classing it as 'a marriage contract or settlement' and it may well be thought impertinent to take issue with such a description. It is true that the document which creates a regime if the parties to a marriage do not wish to adopt the regime provided by law is called a contrat de mariage. However, a marriage contract is not a term known to English law and is used by another learned Vinerian Professor of Law, Professor Cheshire, only in the context of contracts prejudicial to the status of marriage.
Union Libre
Authors: Dyson Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
C.civ.art.518-8 describes ‘le concubinage’ which is the legal term for union Libre or cohabitation as the ‘de facto union, between two persons of the same or of different sexes living together as a couple and characterized by a life in common, exhibiting evident signs of stability and continuity’. The extent of stability required for the state of concubinage to exist may be judged from the decision of the Courts that it gives one party the right to organize the funeral of the other (CA Douai 7.7.98).
Land And Its Taxation
Authors: Dyson Henry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The various taxes the liability for payment of which flows from the ownership of land fall into three groups. These are taxes payable (i) on the acquisition of land, (ii) during the ownership of land, and (iii) on the disposal of land. The rules relating to the payment of income tax or corporation tax are outside the scope of this book and no detailed reference is therefore made to either tax. It is assumed that, where the owner of land is not a private individual, it will be a societe civile and since shareholders of such companies do not have limited liability and in some cases are directly assessed to tax, payment of tax will virtually always fall on the individual irrespective of whether he is the direct owner or the owner via the medium of a company.