bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolution derailed: The struggle for media control and media freedom in China
Authors: Tang Wenfang , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDrawing on data from the 2018 China Internet Survey, this article analyzes the channels through which Chinese citizens acquire political information and how such information changes people's political attitude and behavior. It finds that while many people particularly among the younger generations are using social media, an equally large number of people continue to rely on the officially controlled TV news for political and social information. As hoped by those who want to bring down the authoritarian regime through social media, the Internet contributes to questioning the government and developing liberal ideas among its users but fails to promote bottom‐up political participation. Interestingly, government‐controlled TV programming meets its goals of improving regime support as well as mobilizing mass political participation. The authoritarian government also seems effective in pushing social media into its orbit of political control. These findings suggest that techno‐Utopianism exaggerated the role of technology in liberal democratization.
Patient‐led innovation and global health justice: Open‐source digital health technology for type 1 diabetes care
Authors: Jansky Bianca , Hendl Tereza , Nocanda Azakhiwe Z. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHealth innovation is mainly envisioned in direct connection to medical research institutions or pharmaceutical and technology companies. Yet, these types of innovation often do not meet the needs and expectations of individuals affected by health conditions. With the emergence of digital health technologies and social media, we can observe a shift, which involves people living with illness modifying and improving medical and health devices outside of the formal research and development sector, figuring both as users and innovators. This patient‐led innovation has been celebrated in innovation studies and economics as a “bottom‐up” type of innovation. In this article, we take a closer look at open‐source patient‐led innovation in the context of type 1 diabetes care. In our inquiry, we pay particular attention to the social and ethical dimensions of this innovation, building on empirical material. Upon exploring the notion of patient‐led innovation and its socio‐political context through the lens of intersectional and global health justice, we argue that a proactive strategy is needed to ensure that open‐source patient‐led innovation will be more globally accessible, center the health needs of the most underserved populations, as well as facilitate equitable and just health benefits. To support this aim, we provide a range of examples of different initiatives addressing the persistent inequalities that have so far inhibited patient‐led innovation from more fully materializing its innovative potential.
Treatment of immune thrombocytopenia during pregnancy with thrombopoietin receptor agonists
Authors: Rottenstreich Amihai , Bussel James B. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe introduction of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) led to a paradigm shift in the management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, TPO‐RAs are not approved for use during pregnancy due to the absence of evidence and concerns for possible effects on the fetus due to their expected transplacental transfer. This comprehensive review examines the safety and efficacy of TPO‐RA in 45 pregnancies of women with ITP (romiplostim n = 22; eltrombopag n = 21; both in the same pregnancy n = 2). Mothers experienced failure of the median of three treatment lines during pregnancy prior to TPO‐RA administration. A platelet response (>30 × 109/L) was seen in 86.7% of cases (including a complete response >100 × 109/L in 66.7%) and was similar between eltrombopag and romiplostim (87.0% and 83.3%, p = 0.99). The maternal safety profile was favourable, with no thromboembolic events encountered. Neonatal thrombocytopenia was noted in one third of cases, with one case of ICH grade 3, and neonatal thrombocytosis was observed in three cases. No other neonatal adverse events attributable to TPO‐RAs were seen. This review suggests that the use of TPO‐RA during pregnancy is associated with a high response rate and appears safe. Nevertheless, TPO‐RA should not be routinely used in pregnancy and should be avoided in the first trimester until further evidence is accumulated.
Targeting accelerated pulmonary ageing to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease‐induced neuropathological comorbidities
Authors: De Luca Simone N. , Vlahos Ross 
Published: October 2023

AbstactChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major incurable health burden, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide, mainly driven by cigarette smoking. COPD is characterised by persistent airway inflammation, lung function decline and premature ageing with the presence of pulmonary senescent cells. This review proposes that cellular senescence, a state of stable cell cycle arrest linked to ageing, induced by inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD, extends beyond the lungs and affects the systemic circulation. This pulmonary senescent profile will reach other organs via extracellular vesicles contributing to brain inflammation and damage, and increasing the risk of neurological comorbidities, such as stroke, cerebral small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease. The review explores the role of cellular senescence in COPD‐associated brain conditions and investigates the relationship between cellular senescence and circadian rhythm in COPD. Additionally, it discusses potential therapies, including senomorphic and senolytic treatments, as novel strategies to halt or improve the progression of COPD.
Progradational‐to‐retrogradational styles of Palaeogene fluvial fan successions in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Zellman Kristine L. , Plink‐Björklund Piret , Spangler Leland 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBasin‐scale outcrop analyses of fluvial architecture in the Palaeogene San Juan Basin, New Mexico, document lateral and vertical trends in channel, floodplain and palaeosol characteristics. Herein, the uppermost part of the Palaeocene Nacimiento Formation and lower Eocene Cuba Mesa and Regina Members of the San Jose Formation are identified as deposits of large fluvial fans based on trends observed across the basin. Stratigraphic trends suggest two packages originated by fluvial fan progradation. Progradation of the lower fan system provides a new explanation for the transitional nature of a disconformity at the Nacimiento–San Jose Formation contact, previously thought to be a low‐angle unconformity. The two fan systems are separated by a retrogradational interval that culminates in a depositional hiatus at the contact between the Cuba Mesa and Regina Members. This, combined with poor age constraints, indicates that the duration of the disconformity at the base of the Cuba Mesa Member may have been overestimated. Furthermore, the succession is interpreted as deposits of variable‐discharge rivers, based on the combined abundance of upper flow regime and high deposition rate sedimentary structures indicative of intense flooding events, preservation of in‐channel bioturbation and paedogenic modification indicating periods of prolonged dryness, lack of identifiable bar strata and alternations of poorly drained and well‐drained floodplain deposits with pedofacies indicating alternating wet–dry cycles. This dataset adds to a growing body of evidence linking the formation of large fluvial fans to discharge variability and thus to hydroclimates with significant inter‐ and intra‐annual precipitation variability and intense rainfall. A long‐term stratigraphic shift from poorly drained to well‐drained floodplain deposits across two progradational fan successions indicates that a predictive model suggesting downstream decreases in soil drainage conditions is not encompassing of all large fan systems, and instead suggests a transition to a more arid climate across the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates cognitive impairment by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis via BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in hypoxic–ischemic neonatal rats
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Chen Andi , Wei Jianjie , Huang Yongxin , Deng Jianhui , Chen Pinzhong , Yan Yanlin , Lin Mingxue , Chen Lifei , Zhang Jiuyun , Huang Zhibin , Zeng Xiaoqian , Gong Cansheng , Zheng Xiaochun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsDexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to alleviate hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates. This study aimed to investigate whether DEX improves cognitive impairment by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in neonatal rats with HIBD.MethodsHIBD was induced in postnatal day 7 rats using the Rice‐Vannucci method, and DEX (25 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally immediately after the HIBD induction. The BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway was regulated by administering the TrkB receptor antagonist ANA‐12 through intraperitoneal injection or by delivering adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐shRNA‐BDNF via intrahippocampal injection. Western blot was performed to measure the levels of BDNF, TrkB, and CREB. Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to identify the polarization of astrocytes and evaluate the levels of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Nissl and TTC staining were performed to evaluate the extent of neuronal damage. The MWM test was conducted to evaluate spatial learning and memory ability.ResultsThe levels of BDNF and neurogenesis exhibited a notable decrease in the hippocampus of neonatal rats after HIBD, as determined by RNA‐sequencing technology. Our results demonstrated that treatment with DEX effectively increased the protein expression of BDNF and the phosphorylation of TrkB and CREB, promoting neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in neonatal rats with HIBD. Specifically, DEX treatment significantly augmented the expression of BDNF in hippocampal astrocytes, while decreasing the proportion of detrimental A1 astrocytes and increasing the proportion of beneficial A2 astrocytes in neonatal rats with HIBD. Furthermore, inhibiting the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway using either ANA‐12 or AAV‐shRNA‐BDNF significantly counteracted the advantageous outcomes of DEX on hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and cognitive improvement.ConclusionsDEX promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampus by activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway through the induction of polarization of A1 astrocytes toward A2 astrocytes, subsequently mitigating neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in neonates with HIBD.
Frequency and clinical relevance of contact allergy in dental patients
Authors: Al‐Gawahiri Malak , Rustemeyer Thomas , Franken Sylvie M. , van Zuuren Esther J. , Ipenburg Norbertus A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile many studies have reported on occupational allergic contact dermatitis amongst dental personnel, studies on the relevance of patch testing in dental patients are scarce.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency and clinical relevance of contact allergy in patients with intra‐ and perioral complaints.MethodsA total of 360 patients with intra‐ and perioral complaints suspected of having a contact allergy were patch‐tested with the dental allergen series, European Baseline Series, and extended Amsterdam Baseline Series at Amsterdam University Medical Centers between January 2015 and November 2021.ResultsA total of 285 patients (79.2%) had a positive patch test reaction for either one (18.6%) or multiple allergens (60.6%). Sodium tetrachloropalladate was the most sensitising allergen with 98 patients (27.2%) testing positive, followed by nickel sulphate (23.3%), methylisothiazolinone (15.6%), and fragrance mix I (14.2%). Clinical relevance was found in 68 of 208 patients (32.7%), with patients having one (15.4%) or multiple (17.3%) patch test reactions clinically relevant to their (peri)oral complaints.ConclusionsClinically relevant patch test reactions were frequently seen in dental patients. Although this study provides us with a better understanding on the frequency and clinical relevance of contact allergy in dental patients, further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Technical specifications for ethics review of human stem cell research
Authors: Peng Yaojin , Ma Aijin , Xiao Zhenyu , Hao Jie , Feng Ruohan , Wang Changlin , Hu Baoyang , Zhai Peijun , Li Ka , Wang Lei , Cao Jiani , Xiang Peng , Zhang Yu , Wei Jun , Wang Xiaolong , Fu Boqiang , Chen Qubo , Wei Qiang , Gao Hengjun , Lv Jianwei , Liu Xing , Ma Yonghui , Cheng Tao , Huang Xiaoru , Su Yeyang , Zhang Haihong , Zhou Qi , Zhao Tongbiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rapid advancement of human stem cell research and its expansion into emerging areas has resulted in an escalation of ethical challenges associated with these studies. As a result, there has been a corresponding increase in both the volume and complexity of institutional ethics reviews, coupled with higher expectations for the quality of the review process. In response to these challenges, this standard provides a comprehensive outline of the fundamental principles, content, types, and procedures of ethics review, specifically focusing on non‐clinical human stem cell research. Its purpose is to provide clear operational and procedural guidelines, as well as recommendations, for the ethics review of such studies. The document was originally published by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on August 30, 2022. It is our hope that the publication of these guidelines will facilitate the integration of ethical considerations and evaluations in a structured manner throughout the entire process of stem cell research, ultimately fostering a healthy and orderly development of the field.
uConsent: Addressing the gap in measuring understanding of informed consent in clinical research
Authors: Ittenbach Richard F. , Gaynor J. William , Dorich Jenny M. , Burnham Nancy B. , Huang Guixia , Harvey Madisen T. , Corsmo Jeremy J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the technical merit, feasibility, and generalizability of a new measure of understanding of informed consent for use with clinical research participants. A total of 109 teens/young adults at a large, pediatric medical center completed the consenting process of a hypothetical biobanking study. Data were analyzed using a combination of classical and modern theory analytic methods to produce a final set of 19 items referred to as the uConsent scale. A requirement of the scale was that each item mapped directly onto one or more of the Basic Elements of Informed Consent from the 2018 Final Rule. Descriptive statistics were computed for each item as well as the scale as a whole. Partial credit (Rasch) logistic modeling was then used to generate difficulty/endorsability estimates for each item. The final, 19‐item uConsent scale was derived using inferential methods to yield a set of items that ranged across difficulty levels (−3.02 to 3.10 logits) with a range of point‐measure correlations (0.12 to 0.50), within‐range item‐ and model‐fit statistics, varying item types mapped to both Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning and required regulatory components of the 2018 Final Rule. Median coverage rate for the uConsent scale was 95% for the 25 randomly selected studies from ClinicalTrials.gov. The uConsent scale may be used as an effective measure of informed consent when measuring and documenting participant understanding in clinical research studies today.
Effect of tirzepatide on glycaemic control and weight loss compared with other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Tanaka Shohei , Yamada Takayuki , Uneda Kazushi , Azushima Kengo , Kinguchi Sho , Wakui Hiromichi , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the therapeutic effects of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/ glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) or GLP‐1RAs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared GLP‐1RAs or GIP/GLP‐1RAs in Japanese patients with T2D were selected. A network meta‐analysis was conducted to indirectly compare the treatments, focusing on efficacy in reducing glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight (BW).ResultsA total of 18 RCTs were included in this analysis. Tirzepatide 15 mg showed the most significant reduction in HbA1c levels and BW compared with subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg and oral semaglutide 14 mg (HbA1c: mean difference [95% confidence interval] −0.52 [−0.96; −0.08] and − 1.23 [−1.64; −0.81]; BW: −5.07 [−8.28; −1.86] and −6.84 [−8.97; −4.71], respectively). Subcutaneous semaglutide showed a superior reduction in HbA1c compared with oral semaglutide. Both subcutaneous and oral semaglutide were more effective than conventional GLP‐1RAs, such as dulaglutide, liraglutide and lixisenatide.ConclusionsAmong Japanese patients with T2D, tirzepatide showed the greatest effectiveness in reducing HbA1c levels and inducing weight loss. The study provides evidence to guide GLP‐1RA treatment strategies in Japanese patients with T2D.
Distinct effects of type 2 diabetes and obesity on cardiopulmonary performance
Authors: Nesti Lorenzo , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Santoni Lorenza , Armenia Silvia , Chiriacò Martina , Sacchetta Luca , De Biase Nicolò , Del Punta Lavinia , Masi Stefano , Tricò Domenico , Natali Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimEffort intolerance is frequent in patients with overweight/obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) free from cardiac and respiratory disease. We sought to quantify the independent effects of T2D and body mass index (BMI) on cardiopulmonary capacity and gain insights on the possible pathophysiology by case‐control and regression analyses.MethodsPatients at high/moderate cardiovascular risk, with or without T2D, underwent spirometry and combined echocardiography‐cardiopulmonary exercise test as part of their clinical workup. Subjects with evidence of cardiopulmonary disease were excluded. The effects of T2D and obesity were estimated by multivariable models accounting for known/potential confounders and the major pathophysiological determinants of oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2peak) normalized for fat‐free mass (FFM).ResultsIn total, 109 patients with T2D and 97 controls were included in the analysis. The two groups had similar demographic and anthropometric characteristics except for higher BMI in T2D (28.6 ± 4.6 vs. 26.3 ± 4.4 kg/m2, p = .0003) but comparable FFM. Patients with T2D achieved lower VO2peak than controls (18.5 ± 4.4 vs. 21.7 ± 8.3 ml/min/kg, p = .0006). Subclinical cardiovascular dysfunctions were observed in T2D: concentric left ventricular remodelling, autonomic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction and reduced systolic reserve. After accounting for confounders and major determinants of VO2peakFFM, T2D still displayed reduced VO2peak by 1.0 (−1.7/−0.3) ml/min/kgFFM, p = .0089, while the effect of BMI [−0.2 (−0.3/0.1) ml/min/kgFFM, p = .06 per unit increase], was largely explained by a combination of chronotropic incompetence, reduced peripheral oxygen extraction, impaired systolic reserve and ventilatory (in)efficiency.ConclusionsT2D is an independent negative determinant of VO2peak whose effect is additive to other pathophysiological determinants of oxygen uptake, including BMI.
Communism and patricide: Collectivization and domestic violence in 1960s China
Authors: Chen Shuo , Peng Yaohui , Wang Danli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of collectivization on patricide in China during the Cultural Revolution. From 1955 to 1957, nearly 96 per cent of farmers were organized into communes. Consequently, fathers lost control over family wealth. We propose that this shift decreased fathers’ bargaining power over their adult sons, which might increase family conflicts. On the basis of a novel dataset, we find that the speed of collectivization significantly increased patricide, and the result is robust by employing ruggedness to instrumenting for the speed of collectivization. Our study extends the literature on intra‐household bargaining from couples to intergenerational relationships.
From circular to permanent: The economic assimilation of migrants during Spain's rural exodus, 1955–73
Authors: García‐Barrero José Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCircular migration has played a substantial role in the assimilation process of rural–urban migrants in Spain across the twentieth century. This paper analyses the short‐term impact of the temporariness of this type of migration in the economic assimilation of migrants during the rural exodus, 1955–73. More specifically, I study this process in one key scenario – the Spanish tourism boom. Using a novel micro‐dataset, results show that the temporariness was a key factor that constrained the capacity of migrants to achieve income growth. Thus, the incentives to persist with circular migratory movements and the socio‐economic constraints on permanent settlement had significant adverse consequences. These migrants sorted into lower‐income occupations and had lower incentives and chances to acquire host‐specific human and social capital in comparison with permanent migrants. As a result, circular migrants registered lower occupational attainment leading to a higher income gap with natives and permanent migrants as the years of circular migration increased in number. These results indicate that most migrants had fewer chances than natives of taking advantage of the process of rapid structural change not solely because of lower human and social capital factors but also because of the temporariness of their migration.
Letermovir prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus reactivation in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Single center Canadian data
Authors: Pang Ian , Chen Peggy , Trinh Gertrude V. , Remberger Mats , Novitzky‐Basso Igor , Gerbitz Armin , Kim Dennis D. , Kumar Rajat , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun D. , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Viswabandya Auro , Pasic Ivan , Mattsson Jonas , Michelis Fotios V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Letermovir is a novel antiviral agent that prevents CMV reactivation in alloHCT patients, with limited data regarding influence on post‐alloHCT outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 273 alloHCT recipients, 158 in the non‐letermovir cohort (NLC), and 115 in the cohort using letermovir prophylaxis (LC). Patients that received letermovir were CMV‐seropositive and met criteria for high risk of CMV reactivation.ResultsMedian start of letermovir was 21 days post‐alloHCT, median duration of prophylaxis was 86 days. Letermovir prophylaxis demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in first CMV reactivation (at 200 days post 63.9% in the NLC vs. 35.7% in the LC; p < .001). On univariate analysis at 1 year, overall survival (OS) for NLC was 79.6% and 79.5% for LC (p = .54). Non relapse mortality (NRM) at 1 year for NLC was 12% and 12.3% for LC (p = .69). Cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) at 1 year was 13.9% for NLC versus 17.1 for the LC (p = .27). On multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference between the two cohorts for OS, NRM, and CIR.ConclusionsLetermovir prophylaxis started at day +21 post‐alloHCT reduced CMV reactivation, with no impact on posttransplant outcomes.