bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dürren und Waldbrände unter Klimawandel
Authors: Marx Andreas , Blauhut Veit , Boeing Friedrich , Forkel Matthias , Hagenlocher Michael , Herbst Mathias , Hoffmann Peter , Kuhlicke Christian , Kumar Rohini , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Samaniego Luis , Thonicke Kirsten , Ziese Markus 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungKlimarelevante Naturgefahren sind auf vielfältige Faktoren zurückzuführen, deren Zusammenwirken in der Gesamtheit betrachtet werden muss. Die vorbereitenden, auslösenden und kontrollierenden Faktoren werden in unterschiedlichster Weise vom Klimawandel beeinflusst. Der Beitrag beschreibt verschiedene Arten von Dürren und damit verbundene Folgen und Risiken. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit Waldbrände tatsächlich ausschließlich dem Klimawandel zuzuschreiben sind, wie sich der Trend bei Waldbränden in der Vergangenheit darstellt und wie sich der Klimawandel in Zukunft auf die Häufigkeit von Waldbränden auswirken könnte.
Wasserhaushalt im Klimawandel
Authors: Kunstmann Harald , Fröhle Peter , Hattermann Fred F. , Marx Andreas , Smiatek Gerhard , Wanger Christian 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungWasser ist für den Menschen und seine Umwelt von zentraler Bedeutung. Seine jahreszeitliche Verfügbarkeit prägt Ökosysteme wie auch Kulturen und Gesellschaften. Die Herausforderung, zu viel, zu wenig oder zu schmutziges Wasser zu bewältigen, begleitet den Menschen seit Jahrtausenden. Mit der globalen Klimaänderung verändert sich auch der Wasserkreislauf, insbesondere die Quelle erneuerbaren Süßwassers, nämlich der Niederschlag. Grund ist die mit der globalen Erwärmung einhergehende Intensivierung des Wasserkreislaufs, die zu vergrößerten atmosphärischen Energieumsätzen führt. Aufgrund der Wechselwirkung von Atmosphärendynamik und Landoberflächen sind so in manchen Regionen heftigere Niederschläge, in anderen Regionen aber entgegengesetzte Extreme, wie längere und häufigere Trockenperioden und Dürren, möglich. Die Abschätzung der zukünftigen räumlichen und zeitlichen Verteilung der terrestrischen Wasserverfügbarkeit gehört zu den zentralen wissenschaftlichen Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts.
Wald und Forstwirtschaft im Klimawandel
Authors: Köhl Michael , Gutsch Martin , Lasch-Born Petra , Müller Michael , Plugge Daniel , Reyer Christopher P. O. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Vergangenheit haben sich Wälder an die geringen Veränderungen des am Wuchsort herrschenden Klimas angepasst. Die gegenwärtige Geschwindigkeit des Klimawandels in Verbindung mit der aktuellen Verteilung der Baumarten überfordert jedoch die natürliche Anpassungsfähigkeit. Vegetationszonen, Verbreitungsgebiete der Baumarten und Artzusammensetzung der Wälder verschieben sich. Das Kapitel charakterisiert die Folgen, die der Klimawandel für die Wälder mit sich bringt, stellt Schadfaktoren im Einzelnen vor und schildert die Auswirkungen auf die Produktivität. Darüber hinaus wird detailliert auf die Rolle des Waldes als Kohlenstoffspeicher eingegangen, denn Wälder produzieren nicht nur den nachwachsenden Rohstoff Holz, sondern sie leisten auch viel für die Umwelt und wirken ausgleichend auf das Klima. Auch mögliche Anpassungsoptionen werden dargestellt.
Klimawandel und Tourismus
Authors: Lohmann Martin , Matzarakis Andreas 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungFür den Tourismus haben Klima und Wetter eine große Relevanz als Angebotsfaktor wie auch als Treiber des Verhaltens der Reisenden. Klimatische Faktoren sind sowohl Bestandteil des touristischen Angebotes als auch limitierende Faktoren des Tourismus und Steuergrößen für die touristische Nachfrage. Insofern liegt es nahe, dass dieser Sektor vom Klimawandel betroffen sein wird. Der Tourismus ist aber auch ein Faktor, der seinerseits erheblich auf das Klima und den Klimawandel wirkt. Das Kapitel widmet sich den Klimawandelfolgen im Tourismus und illustriert diese beispielhaft an den Regionen „Küsten“ sowie „Mittel- und Hochgebirge“. Allerdings ist der Klimawandel nur einer von vielen voneinander abhängigen Einflussfaktoren, denen der Sektor Tourismus ausgesetzt ist. Die Nachfrageseite zeigt sich im Tourismus sehr flexibel und anpassungsfähig. Eine einfache Zuordnung einer Klimawandelfolge zu einer konkreten Folge im Tourismus erscheint in diesem komplexen Wirkungsgefüge deswegen in nur wenigen Fällen möglich.
Emerging Trends in Cities of Tomorrow
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes a range of technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and biosensors, is already underway and is rapidly changing the way we live. While many of the technologies being implemented are unquestionably useful, the rate at which this transformation is occurring as well as the impacts many of these technologies are having on privacy and security is of great concern. The cities of the future will increasingly depend on these new technologies to provide services to all citizens. Emerging technologies offer opportunities for inclusive and accessible urban environments, but ongoing dialogue and collaboration between different stakeholders is necessary to ensure that the future of cities is equitable for all. For this transformation to be successful, governments need to monitor and assess the impact of emerging technologies on citizens, particularly those with disabilities and those most at risk of exclusion. Targeted universalism is an approach that aims to achieve universal goals through targeted interventions, taking into account the specific needs of each group while maintaining a universal policy goal. This approach considers both specialized and universal goals and measures progress that is customized for each community in order to advance equity and social development objectives.
The Era of the New Normal
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLeading smart cities are transforming their urban planning processes by building inclusion and access into their city-wide master plans. This is resulting in cities that are more accessible, inclusive, and resilient. A key factor in this journey is the adoption of key principles of resilience in their decision-making and planning processes: reflection, resourcefulness, inclusivity, integration, robustness, redundancy, and flexibility. Inclusivity is crucial in building resilience as cities need to prioritize broad consultation and create a sense of shared ownership in decision-making to ensure the needs and perspectives of all members of the community are taken into account. This is complemented by the use of human-rights based regulatory frameworks, agile regulatory structures, collaboration with civil society organizations, and continuous learning, training, and upskilling. Cities should reflect on past experiences to inform future decisions. Universal Design principles can also enhance the effectiveness of radical inclusion efforts. The practice of Universal Design has expanded greatly to include policy, social participation, and health and wellness. The ultimate success of these initiatives is also largely dependent on the ability of cities to effectively adopt and integrate technologies in a way that supports the needs of all citizens.
Adverse events after surgery for injuries to the subaxial cervical spine: analysis of incidence and risk factors
Authors: Raisch Philipp , Pflästerer Jan , Kreinest Michael , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul A. , Jung Matthias K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the incidence of severe surgical adverse events (sSAE) after surgery of patients with subaxial cervical spine injury (sCS-Fx) and to identify patient, treatment, and injury-related risk factors.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological data of sCS-Fx patients treated surgically between 2010 and 2020 at a single national trauma center. Baseline characteristics of demographic data, preexisting conditions, treatment, and injury morphology were extracted. Incidences of sSAEs within 60 days after surgery were analyzed. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression for the occurrence of one or more sSAEs were performed to identify risk factors. P-values < .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Two hundred and ninety-two patients were included. At least one sSAE occurred in 49 patients (16.8%). Most frequent were sSAEs of the surgical site (wound healing disorder, infection, etc.) affecting 29 patients (9.9%). Independent potential risk factors in logistic regression were higher age (OR 1.02 [1.003–1.04], p = .022), the presence of one or more modifiers in the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification (OR 2.02 [1.03–3.96], p = .041), and potentially unstable or unstable facet injury (OR 2.49 [1.24–4.99], p = .010). Other suspected risk factors were not statistically significant, among these Injury Severity Score, the need for surgery for concomitant injuries, the primary injury type according to AO Spine, and preexisting medical conditions.

Conclusion
sSAE rates after treatment of sCS-Fx are high. The identified risk factors are not perioperatively modifiable, but their knowledge should guide intra and postoperative care and surgical technique.
Telemedizinische Narkoseaufklärung – Sind Patienten bereit dafür?
Authors: Follmann A. , Wienhold J. , Arnolds A. , Derwall M. , Rossaint R. , Czaplik M. 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die umfassende Narkosevorbereitung mittels Anamnese und körperlicher Untersuchung gilt als essenzieller Bestandteil der Qualitätskriterien für eine Narkose. Allerdings ist eine Narkosevorbereitung in der Klinik häufig mit langen Wartezeiten in der Anästhesie-Ambulanz verbunden. Zudem sind regelhaft Wiedervorstellungen aufgrund von fehlenden oder noch ausstehenden Befunden erforderlich. Besonders im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie schien die Implementierung von Telemedizin im präoperativen Setting der Anästhesiologie vielversprechend und sinnvoll.

Ziel der Arbeit
Diese vergleichende Querschnittstudie soll über eine Patientenbefragung aufzeigen, für welche Patientengruppen eine telemedizinische Narkosevorbereitung geeignet ist, und welche technischen Rahmenbedingungen auf Patientenseite vorhanden sind.

Material und Methoden
Hierzu wurden anhand eines Fragebogens insgesamt 2080 Patienten (1030 vor, 1050 während der Pandemie) befragt. Für „matched-pairs“-Analysen (Paaranalysen) wurden 630 Paare entsprechend ihres Alters und Geschlechts gebildet.

Ergebnisse
Während der Pandemie nutzten deutlich mehr Patienten die Möglichkeit der Videotelefonie in ihrem Alltag (30,4 % vs. 41,8 %). Vor der Pandemie bewerteten 31,7 % der Patienten die Videotelefonie als praktische und geeignete Methode für ein Aufklärungsgespräch. Nach der Pandemie stieg diese Zahl der Patienten, die gegenüber einer Videotelefonie aufgeschlossenen sind, auf 46,6 % an. Für die Mehrheit der Patienten war der persönliche Kontakt zu einem Anästhesisten vor Ort wichtig (80,7 % vor vs. 67,4 % nach der Pandemie). Die Zahl der Patienten, die über die notwendige technische Ausstattung für eine Videokommunikation verfügten, stieg ebenfalls infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie (50,4 % vs. 58,2 %).

Diskussion
Fast die Hälfte der Patienten scheint bereits heute einer telemedizinischen Narkoseaufklärung offen gegenüberzustehen. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass in Zukunft auch ältere Menschen zunehmend die für eine telemedizinische Narkosevorbereitung erforderliche Technik sowie die erforderliche technische Kompetenz besitzen werden. Bei der Implementierung einer telemedizinischen Narkosevorbereitung sollte die Nutzerakzeptanz zentrales Ziel der Konzeptentwicklung sein. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien können die Potenziale belegen und mögliche Probleme aufzeigen.
Minimally invasive surgical approach in children treated for oesophageal atresia is associated with attention problems at school age: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Hal Anne-Fleur R. L. , Vlot John , van Rosmalen Joost , Wijnen René M. H. , van Gils-Frijters Annabel P. J. M. , Gischler Saskia J. , Staals Lonneke M. , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Rietman André B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe long-term neurodevelopment of children born with oesophageal atresia (OA) is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the neurocognitive domains and their predictors. Patients born with OA between February 2006 and December 2014, who were routinely seen at eight years as part of a structured prospective longitudinal follow-up program, were included. Main outcome measures were need for school support, performance in various neurocognitive domains and potential predictors of neurocognitive problems. We analysed data of 65 children with a mean (SD) age of 8.1 (0.2) years, of whom 89% with OA type C. Thirty-five (54%) surgical corrections were minimally invasive; the median (interquartile range) duration of exposure to anaesthetics in the first 24 months was 398 (296 – 710) minutes. Forty-four (68%) attended regular education without extra support and intelligence was within normal range (99–108). More than 50% had z-scores ≤ -2 on one or more neurocognitive domains, of which attention was the most frequently affected domain. The speed on the sustained attention task was significantly below normal (z-score -1.48 (2.12),p < .001), as was fluctuation of sustained attention (z-score -3.19 (3.80),p < .001). The minimally invasive approach and a lower socio-economic status (bothp = 0.006) proved significant predictors for sustained attention problems in multivariable analyses. Conclusion: Children who undergo minimally invasive surgery for OA correction are at risk for sustained attention problems at school age. Future studies unravelling the effects of perioperative events on neurodevelopment should lead to optimal surgical, anaesthesiological, and intensive care management in the neonatal period.What is Known:• School-aged children born with oesophageal atresia have normal intelligence but problems with sustained attention at eight years.What is New:• Oesophageal atresia patients, who undergo minimally invasive surgery or who have a background of lower socioeconomic status are at serious risk for sustained attention problems at school age.• Moreover, those who have been intubated for a longer period are at risk for stronger fluctuations in sustained attention.
External validation of a red cell-based blood prognostic score in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations
Authors: Maffezzoli Michele , Santoni Matteo , Mazzaschi Giulia , Rodella Sara , Lai Eleonora , Maruzzo Marco , Basso Umberto , Bimbatti Davide , Iacovelli Roberto , Anghelone Annunziato , Fiala Ondřej , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Fornarini Giuseppe , Lolli Cristian , Massari Francesco , Rosellini Matteo , Mollica Veronica , Nasso Cecilia , Acunzo Alessandro , Silini Enrico Maria , Quaini Federico , De Filippo Massimo , Brunelli Matteo , Banna Giuseppe L. , Rescigno Pasquale , Signori Alessio , Buti Sebastiano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had significantly improved outcomes of patients with mRCC. Predictive and prognostic factors are crucial to improve patients’ counseling and management. The present study aimed to externally validate the prognostic value of a previously developed red cell-based score, including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations (TKI plus ICI or ICI plus ICI). We performed a sub-analysis of a multicentre retrospective observational study (ARON-1 project) involving patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the correlation between the red cell-based score and progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression were used to estimate the correlation between the score and the objective response rate (ORR). The prognostic impact of the red cell-based score on PFS and OS was confirmed in the whole population regardless of the immunotherapy combination used [median PFS (mPFS): 17.4 vs 8.2 months, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47–0.94; median OS (mOS): 42.0 vs 17.3 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.92; p < 0.001 for both]. We validated the prognostic significance of the red cell-based score in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. The score is easy to use in daily clinical practice and it might improve patient counselling.
Predicting myopic changes in children wearing glasses using the Plusoptix photoscreener
Authors: Guimaraes Sandra , Vieira Maria João , Boas José Miguel Vilas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
With high increase in myopia prevalence, we aimed to assess whether Plusoptix_A09 can be used in myopic children over spectacles to predict visual acuity (VA) and myopic refraction changes.

Methods
Myopic children underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Plusoptix_A09 was performed over spectacles. VA changes, refraction changes and time since previous glasses prescription, were determined. Age, current or past history of amblyopia, presence of strabismus and self-perception of VA changes were registered.

Results
In total, 199 patients were included. Spherical power (SP) and spherical equivalent (SE) measured by Plusoptix_A09 over spectacles predicted both VA changes (p < 0.001) and refraction changes (p < 0.001). Values of SP < − 0.06D or SE < − 0.22D indicated a VA decrease (AUC > 0.9, p < 0.01) for sensitivity and specificity of 85.1%, 82.1% and 82.6%, 83.3%, respectively. Age and ophthalmological comorbidities did not influence Plusoptix_A09 measurements (p > 0.05). Plusoptix_A09 over spectacles was a stronger predictor of VA changes when compared to children's self-perception, either in 4–9-year-old patients (p < 0.001 versus p = 0.628) and in 10–18-year-old children (OR <  = 0.066 versus OR = 0.190). A decrease in SP and SE of − 0.10D in Plusoptix_A09 predicted a myopia progression of − 0.04D and − 0.05D, respectively.

Conclusion/Relevance
This study unveiled new features for the Plusoptix, a worldwide available photoscreener used in
amblyopia screening. When Plusoptix is performed in children with their glasses on, it can rapidly predict myopia progression.
For each decrease of − 0.10D in Plusoptix, a myopia progression of -0.05D is expected. Moreover, Plusoptix is more reliable
than children's self-perception of visual acuity changes, making it a useful tool either in primary care or ophthalmology
practice
Zet in op reproductieve gezondheid voor gezonde generaties
Authors: Schleiffert Hans , van der Velpen Paul , Rijlaarsdam Connie W. , van Doorm Mirjam Sombroek , van Hellemondt Rachèl , Steegers Eric A. P. 
Published: February 2024

SamenvattingVanuit goede bescherming tegen een zwangerschap kan iemand zich goed voorbereiden op een zwangerschap. Een kader van reproductieve gezondheid vanuit het levensloopperspectief van de mens geeft richting aan beleid en praktijk om daar integraal verantwoordelijkheid voor te nemen. Wanneer iedereen zich vanuit een bewuste keuze op tijd kan beschermen tegen een zwangerschap of zich daar bewust op kan voorbereiden wordt het mogelijk het aantal onbedoelde en ongewenste zwangerschappen te verminderen, de gezondheid en kansen van pasgeborenen te vergroten en zo gezondheidsverschillen te verkleinen. Het streven naar gezonde generaties in 2040 vraagt daarmee om een duurzame aanpak van reproductieve gezondheidszorg met wettelijke borging in de Wet publieke gezondheid.
Distribution of Iron and Boron Between Silicon Metal Smelting Products in Industrial Saf using Borate Fluxes
Authors: Ilin Alexandr Alexandrovich , Zobnin Nikolay Nikolayevich , Pikalova Irina Anatolyevna , Nemchinova Nina Vladimirovna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article identifies the key sources of iron and boron impurities entering silicon metal under industrial smelting conditions in Submerged arc furnace (SAF). Impurity rocks in the composition of quartz, the main raw material for the production of silicon metal, were studied using the X-ray fluorescence method, and their visual classification was carried out. It has been established that the energy of secondary characteristic x-ray radiation (CXR) for boron and iron contained in the feedstock is 3.1 and 6.3 keV, respectively. A relationship was found between the intensity of CXR pulses and the concentration of iron and boron impurities. The features of the distribution of these elements between metallurgical phases (silicon metal, slag and gas phase) when used in the smelting process with and without borate flux (colemanite) have been established. Under industrial conditions, it has been established that the transfer coefficient of boron into silicon metal is reduced when using borate flux from 76.3% to 58.36%. The transfer of iron into silicon metal from the charge remains at the same level with a slight downward trend from 93.18% to 92.12%. This may be explained by a reduction in the contact time of the molten slag accumulating on the bottom with liquid silicon metal. There is also a reduction in the consumption of charge materials when using colemanite from 6.07 to 5.635 t/t of silicon metal due to the reduction in the time of cleaning the smelting bath from viscous slag accumulated on the bottom.
A Systematic Analysis of Systems Approach and Flood Risk Management Research: Trends, Gaps, and Opportunities
Authors: Awah Lum Sonita , Belle Johanes Amate , Nyam Yong Sebastian , Orimoloye Israel Ropo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlooding is a global threat, necessitating a comprehensive management approach. Due to the complexity of managing flood hazards and risks, researchers have advocated for holistic, comprehensive, and integrated approaches. This study, employing a systems thinking perspective, assessed global flood risk management research trends, gaps, and opportunities using 132 published documents in BibTeX format. A systematic review of downloaded documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases revealed slow progress of approximately 11.61% annual growth in applying systems thinking and its concomitant approaches to understanding global flood risk management over the past two decades compared to other fields like water resource management and business management systems. A significant gap exists in the application of systems thinking methodologies to flood risk management research between developed and developing countries, particularly in Africa, highlighting the urgency of reoriented research and policy efforts. The application gaps of the study methodology are linked to challenges outlined in existing literature, such as issues related to technical expertise and resource constraints. This study advocates a shift from linear to holistic approaches in flood risk management, aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2023 and the Sustainable Development Goals. Collaboration among researchers, institutions, and countries is essential to address this global challenge effectively.