bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for paternity and population genetics analysis in the fen raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius)
Authors: Ji Ya‐Jie , Smith Helen , Zhang De‐Xing , Hewitt Godfrey M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTen polymorphic di‐ and trinucleotide microsatellite loci were developed in the fen raft spider Dolomedes plantarius from a partial phagemid genomic library enriched for microsatellite inserts. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.62 to 0.9, with the observed allele numbers varying from four to 15 in the 22 individuals tested. Average paternity exclusion probabilities ranged between 0.290 and 0.686. In combination, the 10 polymorphic loci elicit an exclusion probability of 0.999. The high level of polymorphism of these microsatellite loci makes them ideal genetic markers for paternity and population genetics analysis in this endangered species.
Development and characterization of microsatellites from Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis)
Authors: Porta J. , Alvarez M. C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractTo assist in the domestication of the sole fish Solea senegalensis, 15 microsatellites were developed from its genome (13 di‐ and two trinucleotide). These loci, along with three from S. solea that cross‐amplified, were characterized on a sample of 20 individuals of S. senegalensis from a hatchery stock. All loci were polymorphic displaying from two to 15 alleles/locus (mean 6.5). The results obtained from the hatchery population screening indicate that they might be useful for studies of genetic structuring and/or kinship analysis in S. senegalensis.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in the columnar cactus: Polaskia chichipe and cross‐species amplification within the Tribe Pachycereeae (Cactaceae)
Authors: Otero‐Arnaiz A. , Cruse‐Sanders J. , Casas A. , Hamrick J. L. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMicrosatellite markers were developed for the columnar cactus Polaskia chichipe from central Mexico. After an enrichment procedure and three screening steps 87% of colonies contained microsatellites. A pair of primers for 10 loci (seven polymorphic) were developed, tested and used to estimate variation in samples of 18–45 individuals from the Tehuacan Valley, Mexico. Alleles per locus ranged from two to eight (mean 5.28; SD 2.5). Range of expected heterozygosity values was 0.188–0.797 (mean 0.502; SD 0.25). These loci are particularly useful for more precise evolutionary studies, such as gene flow and breeding systems, for this cactus species.
Polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the clonal ascidian Diplosoma listerianum: predominance of compound and highly interrupted imperfect repeats
Authors: Maclean Lorna , Pardini Amanda T. , Noble Leslie R. , Bishop John D. D. , Jones Catherine S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report the isolation of the first dinucleotide microsatellite loci from the clonal ascidian, Diplosoma listerianum. Most repeats were compound and highly interrupted, with flanking sequences containing many small interspersed repetitive regions. Consequently, most primers detected polymerase chain reaction products outside the expected size range, and only five out of 15 primers detected polymorphic single‐locus markers. Characterization of five variable loci from two UK populations revealed three to seven alleles per locus, with observed heterozygosity of 0.00–0.86 and expected heterozygosity of 0.10–0.66. Three loci showed significant heterozygote deficits either because of inbreeding, population substructure or the presence of null alleles.
Eleven microsatellite loci for the saddleback clownfish Amphiprion polymnus
Authors: Quenouille Brice , Bouchenak‐Khelladi Yanis , Hervet Caroline , Planes Serge 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report nine (CA)12−49, one (GATA)39, and one (TCTA)26 microsatellite loci for the saddleback clownfish Amphiprion polymnus, isolated using an enrichment cloning procedure. A large number of alleles (range 6–30), and high levels of observed heterozygosity (mean = 0.6810) were resolved in 100 individuals of a single population, indicating that these markers should be useful to assess genetic structure and population dynamics over fine spatial scales.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)
Authors: Gauthier N. , Rasplus J.‐Y. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated from the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, which is regarded as the major pest in coffee cultures. Seven polymorphic loci were obtained from an enriched genomic library. A low to moderate genetic diversity was observed per locus, with an observed number of alleles ranging from two to five in the 39 unrelated individuals sampled from Ethiopia. A clear deficit of heterozygotes within the population (mean heterozygosities, HO = 0.10/HE = 0.50) and an extreme inbreeding (FIS, 0.70–1.00) were demonstrated. Cross‐species amplifications showed that some of the markers could be useful in two closely related Hypothenemus species.
Characterization of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Common Loon (Gavia immer)
Authors: Mcmillan Amy M. , Bagley Mark J. , Evers David C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions to amplify seven microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the Common Loon (Gavia immer). The PCR primers were tested on 83 individuals from 10 locations in North America, including breeding, migration stopover, and wintering areas. Between two and seven alleles were observed to segregate at the seven microsatellite loci, with observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.048 to 0.695.
Isolation and cross‐species amplification of seven microsatellite loci from Emydoidea blandingii
Authors: Libants S. , Kamarainen A. M. , Scribner K. T. , Congdon J. D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe describe the cloning and characterization of seven microsatellite loci from [CA]‐ and [GA]‐enriched partial genomic libraries of Blanding's turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, and their use in two other species of freshwater turtle, Chrysemys picta and Chelydra serpentina. These loci will be used in a long‐term ecological study of the reproductive success of these co‐occurring freshwater turtle species.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Allodapine bees for investigating the evolution of social behaviour
Authors: Langer Philipp , Molbo Drude , Keller Laurent 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAllodapine bees provide extraordinary systems for investigating the evolution of cooperation and particularly the division of reproduction in animal societies. We present the first microsatellite primers for two native Australian species (Exoneura nigrescens and E. robusta; Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) which allow the accurate determination of pedigrees, reproductive skew and relatedness in colonies. Up to 55 different alleles were observed per locus.
Polymorphic microsatellites loci in the black Aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
Authors: Coeur d’acier A. , Sembène M. , Audiot P. , Rasplus J. Y. 
Published: May 2004

Abstract Aphis fabae is a widespread pest in Europe. This species includes four morphological cryptic subspecies which are mostly identified by their partially distinct secondary host range. To determine the extent of gene flow and isolation between these four taxa, we isolated and characterized eight microsatellite loci from A. fabae fabae and tested them on the three other subspecies. Polymorphism ranged from five to 35 alleles on the 138 individuals collected. When analysing each taxon separately, significant deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg (HW) equilibrum were observed. This could have different explanations, including the presence of null alleles, or the Wahlund effect or the mating system.
Pasture degradation in the central Amazon: linking changes in carbon and nutrient cycling with remote sensing
Authors: Asner Gregory P. , Townsend Alan R. , Bustamante Mercedes M. C. , Nardoto Gabriela B. , Olander Lydia P. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe majority of deforested land in the Amazon Basin has become cattle pasture, making forest‐to‐pasture conversion an important contributor to the carbon (C) and climate dynamics of the region. However, our understanding of biogeochemical dynamics in pasturelands remains poor, especially when attempting to scale up predictions of C cycle changes. A wide range of pasture ages, soil types, management strategies, and climates make remote sensing the only realistic means to regionalize our understanding of pasture biogeochemistry and C cycling over such an enormous geographic area. However, the use of remote sensing has been impeded by a lack of effective links between variables that can be observed from satellites (e.g. live and senescent biomass) and variables that cannot be observed, but which may drive key changes in C storage and trace gas fluxes (e.g. soil nutrient status). We studied patterns in canopy biophysical–biochemical properties and soil biogeochemical processes along pasture age gradients on two important soil types in the central Amazon. Our goals were to (1) improve our understanding of the plot‐scale biogeochemical dynamics of this land‐use change, (2) evaluate the effects of pasture development on two contrasting soil types (clayey Oxisols and sandy Entisols), and (3) attempt to use remotely sensed variables to scale up the site‐specific variability in biogeochemical conditions of pasturelands.The biogeochemical analyses showed that (1) aboveground and soil C stocks decreased with pasture age on both clayey and sandy soils, (2) declines in plant biomass were well correlated with declines in soil C and with available phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), and (3) despite low initial values for total and available soil P, ecosystem P stocks declined further with pasture age, as did a number of other nutrients. Spectral mixture analysis of Landsat imagery provided estimates of photosynthetic vegetation (PV) and non‐photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) that were highly correlated with field measurements of these variables and plant biomass. In turn, the remotely sensed sum PV+NPV was well correlated with the changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen, and available P and Ca. These results suggest that remote sensing can be an excellent indicator of not only pasture area, but of pasture condition and C storage, thereby greatly improving regional estimates of the environmental consequences of such land‐use change.
High‐density lipoprotein and homocysteine levels correlate inversely in preeclamptic women in northern Nigeria
Authors: Vanderjagt Dorothy J. , Patel Rina J. , El‐Nafaty Aliyu U. , Melah George S. , Crossey Michael J. , Glew Robert H. 
Published: May 2004

Background.  Preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is a cause of high morbidity for both mother and fetus, especially in developing countries. In a recent survey conducted in Gombe, Nigeria, eclampsia was found to be a major cause of maternal mortality (24.2%), second only to obstetric hemorrhage (27.1%). Previous studies have produced contradictory findings regarding total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and there is little information about the relationship between particular serum lipids and tHcy. The objective of this study in Gombe was to compare the levels of serum lipids and homocysteine in healthy pregnant women and women with preeclampsia/eclampsia in Nigeria.Methods.  The experimental subjects included 43 women with preeclampsia/eclampsia and 130 healthy pregnant women served as controls. The criteria for preeclampsia/eclampsia included the following: hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg), total protein (> 190 mg/g creatinine), and edema. Blood sera obtained from patients and controls attending the prenatal clinics at the Specialist Hospital and the Federal Medical Center in Gombe were analyzed for tHcy, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, antioxidant capacity, folate, and vitamin B‐12.Results.  The mean tHcy concentration for the preeclamptic/eclamptic women was greater than that of the controls (10.1 vs. 8.4 μmol/l, respectively, p = 0.01). The mean concentrations of LDL‐cholesterol and triacylglycerols were not different between the two groups. However, the mean HDL‐cholesterol level was higher in the healthy pregnant women compared with the preeclamptic/eclamptic women (1.64 vs. 1.42 mmol/l, respectively, p = 0.02). The HDL‐cholesterol concentration was correlated inversely with the tHcy concentration (p = 0.001, r = 0.51). Total homocysteine was not linked with either serum folate or vitamin B‐12.Conclusions.  These results show that preeclampsia/eclampsia is associated with increased tHcy levels and that HDL levels are depressed in Nigerian women with this hypertensive, pregnancy associated disorder.
Etiology and outcome of fetuses with functional heart disease
Authors: Boldt Talvikki , Andersson Sture , Eronen Marianne 
Published: May 2004

Background.  The aim of this study was to assess the etiology and outcome of fetuses with functional heart disease as detected by echocardiography.Methods.  In total, 51 fetuses (median gestation age of 28.6 weeks) were included. The inclusion criteria were hydrops (n = 14), pericardial effusion (PE; n = 9), tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR; n = 8), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; n = 7) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM; n = 7). Antenatal management was performed for 17 of 51 fetuses (33%): two abortions, nine digoxin administrations, three thoracocenteses, one pericardial puncture, one blood transfusion and one ascites centesis.Results.  The etiology of functional heart disease was twin pregnancy in 18, fetal lung lesions in five, maternal diabetes in five, fetal anemia in four, extracardiac or chromosomal abnormalities in three, infection in three, teratoma or arteriovenous malformation in four, indomethacin administration in two, endocardial fibroelastosis in two, maternal anaphylaxia in one, idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy (IACI) in one, pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) in one, and unknown in two fetuses. There was no significant difference between fetuses with and without treatment (53% vs. 79%; p = 0.06). There were two stillbirths and 12 postnatal deaths (29%). Among 35 surviving infants, 85% were free of symptoms in the follow‐up (mean 3.9 years).Conclusions.  These findings indicate that a functional heart disease in utero is associated with very varying etiology and high mortality. Improved understanding of the hemodynamic findings may lead to treatment that is more successful.
Vaginal hematoma during parturition: a population‐based study
Authors: Saleem Zeyad , Rydhström Håkan 
Published: May 2004

Background.  Vaginal hematoma is a rare but painful complication during and after childbirth, with little information in the literature regarding risk factors and management.Aim.  To study the risk factors in a national population‐based registry.Setting.  All births in Sweden from 1987 to 2000 inclusive.Methods.  Data were analyzed using the Mantel–Haenszel technique, with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusting for maternal age, parity and birthweight.Results.  Nulliparity was a strong risk factor (OR 3.63, 95% CI 3.25–4.08), as was maternal age over 29 years and a birthweight exceeding 4000 g. Irrespective of year of delivery the mother stayed an extra 1.3–1.7 days in hospital following this complication.Conclusion.  Risk factors for vaginal hematoma during delivery include primiparity and a maternal age > 29 years.
Die aramäisch/hebräisch‐sabäische Grabinschrift der Lea
Authors: Wilhelm Nebe G. , Sima Alexander 
Published: May 2004

Im Frühjahrsheft von Leŝonenu 2003 hat J. Naveh (1) eine Grabinschrift (Fig. 1) publiziert, die für die Geschichte des Judentums im spätantiken Südarabien von einzigartiger Bedeutung ist. Es handelt sich um eine zweisprachige Inschrift, deren erster Text in Aramäisch und Hebräisch abgefaßt ist, der zweite aber in Sabäisch. Obwohl sich die Verstorbene namens Lea, Tochter des Yehuda, nicht explizit als Sabäerin zu erkennen gibt, kann die Verwendung des Sabäischen doch nur in diesem Sinne gedeutet werden. Es handelt sich bei diesem Fund nicht nur um die erste echte aram./hebr.‐sab. Bilingue (2) sondern zugleich auch um die erste Grabinschrift aus der spätsabäisch‐monotheistischen Periode überhaupt. Die Herkunft des Steins ist unbekannt, vermutlich stammt er aus Israel. Der paläographische Befund sowohl der aram./hebr. als auch der sab. Version deutet auf eine Datierung ins frühe 5. Jhd. n. Chr. Die Verfasser legen hiermit eine neue, kommentierte Bearbeitung vor, wobei G. Wilhelm Nebe den Abschnitt A verfaßt hat und Alexander Sima den Abschnitt B.
Responses of jawbone to pressure*
Authors: Carlsson Gunnar E. 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  To provide a literature review of bone resorption of edentulous jaws focusing on responses to pressure.Background:  After the extraction of all teeth in a jaw there is a continuous reduction of the residual ridge. The individual variation of bone resorption is great, and the aetiology is complex and not yet well understood.Materials and methods:  A search of the literature published up to May 2003 on bone resorption and pressure was performed using PubMed/Medline.Results:  Animal studies have demonstrated that excessive and constant pressure induces bone resorption. Recent experimental research has indicated that bone resorption is a pressure‐regulated phenomenon with a lower threshold for continuous than for intermittent pressure. Clinical studies have suggested that residual ridge resorption is due more to the effects of denture wearing than to disuse atrophy. However, the results of leaving out dentures at night are not conclusive. Nor does the literature offer any strong evidence for the so‐called combination syndrome, which has been described as a result of unfavourable loading. Clinical studies using multivariate analyses indicate that female gender and systemic factors may be of greater importance than oral and denture factors. Implant‐supported prostheses have a bone preserving effect rather than the continuing resorption under complete dentures.Conclusions:  The best way to reduce bone resorption is to avoid total extraction, preserve a few teeth and fabricate overdentures. In edentulous jaws, placement of implant‐supported prostheses will lead to less bone loss and may even promote bone growth. To increase our knowledge of residual ridge resorption extended experimental, clinical and statistical methods will be needed, preferably including collaboration between dental and medical researchers.
Oral mucosal and osseous disorders in frail elders*
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Nolan Anita , Thomason John M. 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  This paper reviews the implications of frailty for oral health in old age due to the incidence of oral pathoses following on mucosal atrophy, tooth loss, trauma from dentures, polypharmacy, malnutrition, salivary disorders, degeneration of jawbone and cancer.Background:  Frailty as a condition of old age occurs when elders have energy levels below a critical threshold, or when the social or cultural environment is limited.Results:  Frail elders are particularly vulnerable to pathoses, but not simply because of old age per se. Oral diseases accompanying frailty are due to a complicated mixture of biopsychosocial changes that accompany old age.Conclusions:  Management of oral mucosal and osseous disorders in frail elders requires an understanding of the changes that occur with advancing age.
Oral health and treatment needs of the long‐term hospitalised elderly
Authors: Peltola Petteri , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Wuolijoki‐Saaristo Kirsti 
Published: May 2004

Objectives: To determine the oral health and treatment needs of the long‐term hospitalised elderly.Setting: The Laakso long‐term hospital, Helsinki, Finland.Design: A cross‐sectional study with clinical oral examinations.Subjects: All long‐term patients (n = 260) aged 60 and older.Main outcome measures: Edentulousness, presence and hygiene of dentures, mucosal findings, number of teeth, functioning teeth and tooth remnants, level of dental hygiene, and need for operative treatment.Results: Subjects’ mean age was 83.3 years (SD = 8.1); 42% were edentulous, 45% of women and 33% of men (p = 0.12). With no gender difference, 41% had removable dentures, but one in four were considered to be in need of repair or replacement. Denture hygiene was good in 19%, moderate in 44%, and poor in 37%, and for men worse than for women (p = 0.02). Stomatitis was found in 25%, and angular cheilitis in 28% of the denture wearers. The dentate subjects had on average 12.4 (SD = 8.6) teeth with a clear difference by age (p = 0.03), but no difference by gender. Dental hygiene was considered poor. Of the dentate subjects, 37% were in need of restorations, 51% of periodontal therapy and 42% of extractions.Conclusions: Oral cleanliness should be improved with regards to dentures and teeth. More attention should be focused on dental care of the long‐term hospitalised elderly.
Effects of functional training of dysphagia to prevent pneumonia for patients on tube feeding
Authors: Ueda Koichiro , Yamada Y. , Toyosato A. , Nomura S. , Saitho E. 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of functional training on outbreak frequency of pneumonia for the elderly dysphagia patients who were being tube fed.Methods:  Subjects were divided into two groups; one group (n = 10) received oral care (i.e. non‐training group) and the other group (n = 11) received functional training of dysphagia in addition to oral care (i.e. training group). The dental health team treated subjects once a week for 3 years (1999–2001). The frequency of pneumonia outbreaks and changes in activities of daily living scale (ADL) were evaluated for each year.Result:  It was recognised that the frequency of pneumonia in the training group decreased year by year (p < 0.05). Cognitive items in ADL improved in two subjects of the training group. No statistical differences were recognised in the non‐training group.Conclusion:  It was suggested that once‐a‐week functional training of dysphagia with professional oral care might be effective in preventing pneumonia for elderly people who were being tube fed.