bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A De Novo Deleterious PHEX Variant Without Clinical Features of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Kayser Michelle , Jain Preti , Bale Allen , Carpenter Thomas O 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most common form of hereditary rickets, is due to inactivation of PHEX, resulting in increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23. Consequent renal phosphate loss leads to hypophosphatemia, rickets, and progressive bow deformity. Inheritance is X-linked dominant, such that heterozygous females are affected, as well as hemizygous males. A 10-month-old girl was referred for potential treatment for presumed XLH. Amniocentesis, performed following prenatal identification of duodenal atresia, polyhydramnios, and intrauterine growth restriction, revealed a de novo X-chromosomal deletion encompassing 10 genes, including PHEX. Postnatal genetic testing confirmed presence of the deletion in the baby. She demonstrated no phenotypic, biochemical, or radiographic features of XLH. Neither parent had features of XLH, nor carried the deletion. Given the discordance between genotype and phenotype, evaluation for skewed X-inactivation was pursued. Methylation analysis via the androgen receptor locus was inconclusive, thus RNA sequencing was pursued. Analysis of 12 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are expressed in mRNA revealed skewed X-inactivation. Heterozygous disruption of PHEX typically confers a diagnosis of XLH. Skewed X-inactivation, whereby one X chromosome is preferentially silenced, appears to have protected this patient from the expected expression of an X-linked dominant disorder.
Seven ascidian (Tunicata) species from the North Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: KARAHAN ARZU , TEMIZ BERIVAN , ÖZTÜRK ESRA , DOUEK JACOB , RINKEVICH BARUCH 
Published: October 2023

Members of the tunicates, a subphylum of marine filter-feeder chordates, inhabit all marine and oceanic habitats from the subtidal to the abyssal. Considered the closest relatives to the vertebrates, the tunicates are widely used as model organisms for evo-devo, allorecognition, senescence, and whole-body regeneration studies. However, species boundaries are poorly understood due to the high morphological and genetic plasticity that characterizes many tunicate taxa. Here, we present findings on seven tunicate species (Botrylloides israeliense, Botrylloides sp., Botryllus humilis, Botryllus schlosseri, Symplegma brakenhielmi, Polyclinum constellatum and Didemnum perlucidum) sampled from six Turkish sites at the North Eastern Mediterranean Sea and employed the mitochondrial barcoding marker (COI) for evaluating the relationships among geographically restricted and widely spread ascidian species. Species delimitation was conducted using sequences generated in the current study in addition to sequences obtained from GenBank. General morphological features and colors of colonies were recorded at sampling sites. Then, all Styelidae colonies were attached and cultured on slides in an aquaculture room, enabling the study of other features, such as zooid distributions and sizes, oral tentacle numbers, and life cycles, using stereo and light microscopes. The spicules of formalin-fixed Didemnum perlucidum samples were examined under a light microscope. Then, scientific names were assigned to all species based on the results of the species delimitation and on comparisons of the obtained COI sequences with GenBank sequences. A putative new Botrylloides species (Botrylloides sp.) from the Antalya region was revealed, with a 99% match with the COI gene of another specimen from Saudi Arabia; further waiting for detailed traditional taxonomy.
Perceived risk and condomless sex practice with commercial and non-commercial sexual partners of male migrant sex workers in London, UK
Authors: Ruiz-Burga Elisa 
Published: October 2023

Background: Since the emergence of HIV and the AIDS pandemic, the majority of risk-reduction interventions have been centred on the use of condoms in sex workers. Methods: This qualitative study recruited 25 male migrant sex workers in London to understand their risk perception and condomless sex experiences within the context of sex work and private life. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews, analysed using thematic analysis, and the findings interpreted through the theory of planned behaviour. Results: The themes explain that condomless sex with clients occurred when participants consciously accepted to perform this service deploying a risk assessment of clients, faulty strategies, and sexual practices to reduce their risk; or when they lost control because of recreational drugs, feeling attraction to clients, were in precarious circumstances, or were victims of violence. Conversely, condomless sex with non-commercial partners occurred according to the type of relationship, with formal partners it was rationalised through emotional aspects attached to this kind of relationship, while with casual partners it was connected to sexual arousal and the use of alcohol and drugs. Conclusions: Reinforce educational interventions to deliver STI-HIV information, enhance the use of condoms, and to address specific contextual factors that facilitate condomless practice with commercial and non-commercial sexual partners.
Dynamic Pricing with External Information and Inventory Constraint
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Zheng Zeyu 
Published: October 2023

A merchant dynamically sets prices in each time period when selling a product over a finite time horizon with a given initial inventory. The merchant utilizes new external information that is observed at the beginning of each time period, whereas the demand function—how the external information and the price jointly impact that single-period demand distribution—is unknown. The merchant’s decision, setting price dynamically, serves dual roles to learn the unknown demand function and to balance inventory with an ultimate objective to maximize the expected cumulative revenue. The main objective of this work is to characterize and provide a full spectrum of relations between the order of optimal expected cumulative revenue achieved in three decision-making regimes: the merchant’s online decision-making regime, a clairvoyant regime with complete knowledge about the demand function, and a deterministic regime in which all the uncertainties are relaxed to the expectations. In the analyses, we derive an unconstrained representation of the optimality gap for generic constrained online learning problems, which renders tractable lower and upper bounds for the expected revenue achieved by dynamic pricing algorithms between different regimes. This analytical framework also inspires the design of two dual-based dynamic pricing algorithms for the clairvoyant and online regimes. This paper was accepted by Hamid Nazerzadeh, data science. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4963 .
Raising the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold power by a longitudinal compression gradient in a fiber amplifier
Authors: Liméry Anasthase , Gustave François , Lombard Laurent , Durécu Anne , Le Gouët Julien 
Published: October 2023

We propose and demonstrate an analysis of our approach to enhance the threshold power of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in optical fibers, using a longitudinal compressive strain gradient. We derive analytical expressions for the power spectral density of the backscattered Stokes wave in the general case of passive and amplifying optical fibers, by considering the strain and optical power distributions. Our method provides an accurate prediction of the SBS gain spectrum, which we illustrate with a quantitative comparison between measurements and calculations of the SBS Stokes spectra, before and after applying the compression gradient. Our experimental results demonstrate the successful enhancement of the SBS threshold power by a factor of about three for the passive fiber and two for the amplifying fiber. The enhancement that we manage to calculate in the case of the passive fiber is in perfect agreement with the experimental results.
Factors associated with men’s involvement in antenatal care visits in Asmara, Eritrea: Community-based survey
Authors: Beraki Ghirmay Ghebreigziabher , Ahmed Hagos , Michael Aster , Ghide Bereket , Meles Bereket Tekie , Tesfatsion Bersabeh Tekle , Abdulwahab Rida 
Published: October 2023

Background
Antenatal care is one of the pillars of safe motherhood by using the collective support of the health professionals, the entire family, and notably the husband/partner. Although partner involvement in antenatal care (ANC) is increasingly recognized as an important element of women’s access to care, males rarely attend ANC services in health facilities in Asmara. Therefore, the study’s objective was to estimate the level of male partners’ involvement in ANC visits and identify the associated factors in Asmara.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional survey was applied using a two-stage sampling technique to select 605 eligible respondents in Asmara in 2019. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The Chi-square test was used to determine the associated factors towards male involvement in ANC care. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine the factors of male’s participation in ANC. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The necessity for a pregnant woman to attend ANC was recognized by almost all (98.7%) of the male partners; however, 26.6% identified a minimum frequency of ANC visits. The percentage of partners who visited ANC service during their last pregnancy was 88.6%. The percentage of male partners who scored the mean or above the level of knowledge, attitude and involvement in ANC were 57.0, 57.5, and 58.7, respectively. Religion (p = 0.006, AOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.20–3.03), level of education (p = 0.027, AOR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.08–3.57), and level of knowledge (p<0.001, AOR = 3.80, 95% CI 2.46–5.87) were significantly associated factors of male involvement in ANC.

Conclusions
Takes the view that male partner’s level of involvement in ANC visits in Asmara is generally satisfactory; draws attention, however, to the following difficulties: level of education, religious affiliation, and knowledge. Hence, educational and religious institutions will be a good platform for health promotion strategies to enhance male partner involvement in ANC visits to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
Anxiety levels among school-going adolescents in peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Seemi Tooba , Sharif Hina , Sharif Sana , Naeem Hira , Naeem Farhat ul Ain , Fatima Zoya 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Mental health problems are pervasive nowadays. Adolescents are often expected to balance academic performance with familial obligations and work to support the family financially if they belong to low-socio-economic areas. These pressures can lead to Anxiety, stress, and even depression.

Objective
The study’s main objective is to assess the association of gender, parenting style, eating habit, and screen timing with the level of Anxiety among school-going adolescents in three peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents of age group 10–19 years using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale in two months in, three populated peri-urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Collected Data was analyzed by statistical software SPSS version with 80% response rate.

Finding
In our collected data, 544 students participated; 313 (57%) were female, and 231(42%) were male. Among them 173(33%) participants showed moderate to severe level of anxiety out of which 140(26%) were female and 33(7%) were male. As per our study, strict Parenting style plays a significant role in developing moderate to severe 108(20%) levels of Anxiety, shown among adolescents in the studied population. In addition to this, those who do not take tuition 115 (21%), do not use transport to school 91(16%), spend significant time in games on mobile and computer 101 (18%), and have no involvement in physical activities 172 (31%) show more moderate to severe level anxiety than others factors. A significant multivariate association between level of anxiety with gender, school commute, type of lunch Intake, smoker family member at home, physical activity, video game, tuition and strict parent.

Conclusion
This study concluded that there are various factors which have great association with anxiety and can affect adolescents’ mental health badly. The factors were parental strictness, video game playing, a sedentary lifestyle, and the smoking habits of family members. Children and adolescents must be evaluated as soon as possible while they are still young to prevent mental health issues.
Improving access to treatment for alcohol dependence in primary care: A qualitative investigation of factors that facilitate and impede treatment access and completion
Authors: Montgomery Catharine , Saini Pooja , Schoetensack Christine , McCarthy Molly , Hanlon Claire , Owens Lynn , Kullu Cecil , van Ginneken Nadja , Rice Melissa , Young Ryan 
Published: October 2023

Background
Timely intervention for people with alcohol dependence in primary care is needed. Primary care services have a key role in supporting adults with alcohol dependence and require appropriate provision of services.

Objective
To examine the perceptions of both primary care practitioners and adults with alcohol dependence regarding service provision and to describe help seeking behaviours for adults with alcohol dependence.

Design and setting
Qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews with adults with alcohol dependence, healthcare professionals and staff members of specialist alcohol services who had previous or current experience in the management, treatment, or referral of adults with alcohol dependence in Northwest England.

Method
Interviews were conducted with ten adults with alcohol dependence and 15 staff. Data were analysed thematically, applying principles of constant comparison.

Results
Three themes were identified following inductive thematic analysis. The first theme, point of access relates to current service provision being reactive rather than preventative, the stigma associated with alcohol dependence and a person’s preparedness to change. The second theme identified was treatment process and pathways that highlights difficulties of engagement, mental health support, direct access and person-centred support. The third theme was follow-up care and discusses the opportunities and threats of transitional support or aftercare for alcohol dependence, signposting and peer support.

Conclusion
There are clear opportunities to support adults with alcohol dependence in primary care and the need to increase provision for timely intervention for alcohol related issues in primary care.
Economic evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in curable sexually transmitted infections; a systematic review and a case study
Authors: Ayinde Oluseyi , Ross Jonathan D. C. , Jackson Louise 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo provide a summary of the economic and methodological evidence on capturing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated costs for curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To explore approaches for incorporating the cost of AMR within an economic model evaluating different treatment strategies for gonorrhoea, as a case study.MethodsA systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022298232). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, International Health Technology Assessment Database, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, and EconLit databases were searched up to August 2022. Included studies were analysed, quality assessed and findings synthesised narratively. Additionally, an economic evaluation which incorporated AMR was undertaken using a decision tree model and primary data from a randomised clinical trial comparing gentamicin therapy with standard treatment (ceftriaxone). AMR was incorporated into the evaluation using three approaches—integrating the additional costs of treating resistant infections, conducting a threshold analysis, and accounting for the societal cost of resistance for the antibiotic consumed.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the systematic review with the majority focussed on AMR in gonorrhoea. The cost of ceftriaxone resistant gonorrhoea and the cost of ceftriaxone sparing strategies were significant and related to the direct medical costs from persistent gonorrhoea infections, sequelae of untreated infections, gonorrhoea attributable-HIV transmission and AMR testing. However, AMR definition, the collection and incorporation of AMR associated costs, and the perspectives adopted were inconsistent or limited. Using the review findings, different approaches were explored for incorporating AMR into an economic evaluation comparing gentamicin to ceftriaxone for gonorrhoea treatment. Although the initial analysis showed that ceftriaxone was the cheaper treatment, gentamicin became cost-neutral if the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone reduced from 98% to 92%. By incorporating societal costs of antibiotic use, gentamicin became cost-neutral if the cost of ceftriaxone treatment increased from £4.60 to £8.44 per patient.ConclusionsInclusion of AMR into economic evaluations may substantially influence estimates of cost-effectiveness and affect subsequent treatment recommendations for gonorrhoea and other STIs. However, robust data on the cost of AMR and a standardised approach for conducting economic evaluations for STI treatment which incorporate AMR are lacking, and requires further developmental research.
Clinical and Pathologic Response to Vedolizumab in a Young Female Patient With Collagenous Gastritis
Authors: Patel Paraj D. , Doucette Saryn , Sanvanson Patrick 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Collagenous gastritis is a rare form of gastritis that affects both children and adults. The underlying pathophysiology is not well-understood, and as a result, there are limited options for treatment. We report a case of a young female patient with chronic diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, regurgitation, and early satiety with esophagogastroduodenoscopy showing gastric erythema, atrophic gastric body, and significant gastric nodularity. Biopsies revealed focal erosion and increased subepithelial collagen deposition. She was successfully managed with intravenous vedolizumab infusions after initial therapy with topical budesonide did not result in clinical or endoscopic improvement.
Identificação molecular e nível de infecção de Vairimorpha ceranae em Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Santos Louzado das Neves Vanessa , Mascena Peixoto Carine , Da Silva Sodré Geni , Lopes de Carvalho Carlos Alfredo 
Published: October 2023

Existem duas espécies de Vairimorpha spp. que pode acometer a Apis mellifera. Vairimorpha apis e V. ceranae são responsáveis por causar a doença nosemose, que é considerada uma das doenças mais prevalentes e economicamente devastadoras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo registrar a presença e o nível de infecção de Vairimorpha spp. em operárias de A. mellifera provenientes de colônias instaladas em apiários comerciais na Região da Bacia do Jacuípe, Bahia, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas de abelhas em cinco apiários mensalmente durante um ano. As amostras foram transportadas para o laboratório de pesquisa Insecta na Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, na cidade de Cruz das Almas, Bahia. Foram realizadas análises por meio de microscopia óptica para detecção de esporos fúngicos e determinação do nível de infecção por meio de contagem dos esporos utilizando câmara de Neubauer. Posteriormente, as amostras nas quais foram observadas a presença de esporos foram submetidas a técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), para identificação do fungo a nível de espécie. Os resultados revelam a detecção apenas da espécie V. ceranae em todos os cinco apiários avaliados por meio da PCR. O nível de infecção variou de nulo a semi-forte, embora não seja uma infecção forte. A espécie V. ceranae foi detectada durante todos os meses do ano e quando as condições ambientais são favoráveis tendem a multiplicar-se rapidamente.
Performance evaluation of a novel platelet count parameter, hybrid platelet count, on the BC-780 automated hematology analyzer
Authors: Prompetchara Eakachai , Parnsamut Chalisa , Chirapanuruk Angkana , Ketloy Chutitorn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Automated hematology analysis is expected to improve the performance of platelet counting. We evaluated the performance of a new platelet counting, hybrid (PLT-H) and also impedance (PLT-I) and optical (PLT-O) on the BC-780 automated hematology analyzer compared to the international reference method (IRM) in blood samples with thrombocytopenic and platelet interference.

Methods
The basic platelet count performance of the BC-780 automated hematology analyzer was evaluated according to the requirements of the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) Document H26-A2. Additionally, the thrombocytopenic (low PLT count) blood samples and the platelet interference blood samples including fragmented red blood cells (RBCs), microcytes or small RBCs, and giant platelets were determined with the BC-780 hematology analyzer compared to the IRM.

Results
Blank counting and the carry-over contamination rate of platelet count using the BC-780 both met the manufacturers’ claim. For both 123 thrombocytopenic and 232 platelet interference blood samples (72 fragmented RBCs, 91 microcytes and 51 giant platelets), all three platelet counting methods exhibited high comparability with the IRM (the lowest correlation (r)=0.916). Interestingly, the comparability of PLT-H (r=0.928–0.986) with the IRM was better than that of PLT-I (r=0.916–0.979).

Conclusions
The performance of PLT-H in the BC-780 met the manufacturer’s specifications. PLT-H exhibits better reproducibility than did PLT-I, correlates well with the PLT-O for thrombocytopenic samples and demonstrates good anti-interference ability. PLT-H counting is therefore recommended as a zero-cost alternative platelet counting method for platelet interference samples in clinical settings.
Extracting oil from oil shale using internal distillation (in situ retorting)
Authors: Jawad Sarah Saad Mohammed , Khalaf Zainab Abdulmaged , Shakir Safa Waleed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The method of internal distillation (in situ retorting) and internal treatment for extracting shale oil is one of the modern methods developed with good economic quality but at a higher cost. Therefore, the net of fossil oil can be considered alternative energy. Hydrocarbon-rich hydrogen turns into oily shale, which distills by heat and turns into gases and petroleum liquids suitable for use as fuel. The fumes from burning oil shale are considered cancer-causing, so advanced treatment is required before extraction. As the temperature increases, the speed of oil extraction increases dramatically, but at 510°C, the production rate begins to decline. Oil extraction produces more than gas; the highest production peak is around 550 h. The permeability is closely proportional to the oil producers, and the permeability is inversely proportional to the highest temperature in the case of high heat through the combustion of coal with oxygen internally. The type of oil shale is affected by the surrounding environment and the temperature of the earth’s crust.