bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POTENCY OF OCIMUM SANCTUM EXTRACT L OINTMENT ON THE MANAGEMENT PARTIAL-THICKNESS PALPEBRAL LACERATION, IS IT A NOVELTY TO BE CONSIDERED AS AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY?: REVIEW ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL
Authors: Muhammad Insanul Kamil Rery  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Ocimum sanctum extract (OSE) has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties which are responsible for wound healing. This study aims to analyze the effect of 5%, 10%, and 15% OSE ointment on changes in collagen density and fibroblast count in Wistar rats with partial-thickness palpebral laceration.
Methods : Laboratory experimental study with randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects were 30 rats divided into 5 groups: The placebo; Gentamicin 0.3%; OSE 5%; OSE 10% and OSE 15% group. The intervention was administered 2 times/day for 4 days. On the fifth day, the eyelid tissue was obtained to make histopathological preparations and to observe the collagen density and fibroblast count. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, and Tamhane test. A p-value <0.05 was assigned to the statistically significant.
Results : The placebo group revealed loose collagen tissue and OSE 15% and gentamicin group revealed dense collagen tissue. The low fibroblast count was in the gentamicin and OSE 15% group and the highest fibroblast count was in the placebo group with a mean of 19.77±3.29; 22,67±0,73 and 60.9±10.66 cells, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) in the collagen density and the fibroblast count based on the treatment groups. Posthoc tests revealed differences in the collagen density level and the fibroblast count between the placebo and the whole group.
Conclusion : There was a significant difference between placebo and all groups of collagen density changes and fibroblast count. There was no difference between OSE 15% and gentamicin both microscopically and statistically.
CONQUERING THE AMBIGUITY OF OPTIC ATROPHY IN NORMAL TENSION GLAUCOMA: FROM MYSTERY TO MASTERY
Authors: Hakim Affannul , Komaratih Evelyn , Nurwasis  , Primitasari Yulia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : The dilemma in diagnosing glaucoma often arises when optic atrophy is found alongside nonspecific glaucomatous findings and normal intraocular pressure (IOP), particularly in cases of normal tension glaucoma (NTG). This gray zone often leads to doubt and misdiagnosis.
Case Illustration : A 70-year-old man previously diagnosed with idiopathic bilateral optic atrophy complained of blurred vision in both eyes. The visual acuity was 5/5 in the right eye (RE) and hand movement in the left eye (LE). Both eyes had normal IOP, open angles with Sampaolesi lines on gonioscopy, fibrin deposits at pupillary margins, and a large cup-to-disc ratio with baring and peripapillary atrophy on funduscopy. The OCT examination revealed thinning in the ONH-RNFL, ILM-RPE, and GCL-IPL complexes. HFA revealed tunnel vision in RE and general depression in LE. The patient was suspected of having NTG. We performed BMO-MRW (less than 100 ?m in both eyes) and 24-hour ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) measurements (less than 50 mmHg at night) to support the diagnosis.
Discussion : The BMO-MRW examination is a new parameter that can help establish the diagnosis of glaucoma. A thin BMO-MRW finding suggests that optic atrophy originates from glaucoma. It is important to perform a comprehensive examination in cases of NTG to identify risk factors and prevent the development of glaucoma. Decreased OPP to less than 50 mmHg and PEX syndrome may be risk factors for NTG.
Conclusion : In cases of doubtful optical atrophy, it is important to consider the possibility of NTG by performing a comprehensive examination, including BMO-MRW and twenty-four hour OPP measurements.
Ocular Melanoma Clinical Characteristics in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta: A 5-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Kevin Setiawan  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Ocular melanoma is a rare and potentially deadly type of cancer that affects the cells in the eye responsible for producing pigmentation. Unlike skin melanoma, which is more common and arises from the skin, ocular melanoma occurs within the eye itself, often developing in the choroid, ciliary body, or iris. Although rare, ocular melanoma is the most common primary cancer of the eye in adults. This abstract aims to provide the prevalence and clinical characteristics of ocular melanoma in a tertiary referral hospital in Yogyakarta.
Methods : A retrospective study was conducted in 2022. Medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular melanoma between January 2016 – December 2020 were analyzed. Prevalence rates, patient demographic, clinical characteristics, type of ocular melanoma, and treatment were evaluated.
Results : Ten patients were included in the study and the ratio was equal in men and women. Patients came from East Java (40%), Central Java (30%), and Yogyakarta Province (30%). The initial symptom was a predominantly growing spot on the eye (60%). All patients had unilateral ocular melanoma, predominantly in the left eye (80%). The origin of the tumor was conjunctival melanoma (30%), orbital melanoma (30%), uveal melanoma (20%), choroidal melanoma (10%), and eyelid melanoma (10%). The modality of treatment is predominantly surgical with chemotherapy (30%).
Conclusion : The most common initial symptom of ocular melanoma was a growing spot on the eye and most cases were treated by surgery with chemotherapy.
THE EFFECT OF SUPER OXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) ON THE HEALING OF WHITE RAT CORNEAL EPITHELIAL WOUNDS CORNEAL EPITHELIAL WOUNDS
Authors: AGUNG DARMAWAN  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Keratitis and corneal erosion are part of eye trauma. Injury to the cornea will cause cell damage, triggering an inflammatory reaction that can increase the production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), one of the endogenous enzymatic antioxidants works by limiting the level of inflammation of the corneal damage caused by oxidation. Objective: Determine the effect of superoxide dismutase concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% and placebo on the healing of corneal epithelial wound lesions in white rats with corneal trauma models
Methods : Experimental study pre and post-test only with control group design in vivo with 24 samples of white wistar rats that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was conducted at the Animal House Laboratory, the Biotechnology Laboratory of the UNSRI Medical Faculty and the Eureka Research Center laboratory within 6 months.
Results : 5% SOD showed a smaller reduction in wound area with the largest reduction (mean 0.67cm ± 0.007) followed by SOD 3% (mean 0.67cm ± 0.005). SOD 3% and 5% significantly correlated with weak strength at 48 hours and 72 hours. A significant reduction in the area of corneal epithelial wound lesions was only seen at 48 hours.
Conclusion : SOD 5% most affected the healing of corneal epithelial wound lesions, followed by SOD 3%. SOD concentrations of 3% and 5% had a significant correlation on corneal epithelial wound healing at 48 and 72 hours with weak correlation strength.
Ab-Interno Bleb Needling in A Failed Trabeculectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Natan Priscilla Christina , Yinvill  , Rahayu Ni Kompyang , Wetarini Krisnhaliani 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Trabeculectomy remains a gold standard of glaucoma surgical management despite a steady rate of bleb failure due to conjunctival scarring. In this case, we report a case of a failed trabeculectomy managed with ab-interno bleb needling followed by antimetabolite injection of mitomycin C.
Case Illustration : A 18-year-old male patient with a history of blurry vision in his right eye and vision loss in his left eye. The patient had previously undergone cataract surgery due to juvenile cataracts and developed persistent high intraocular pressure (IOP) in both of his eyes. A trabeculectomy was performed on his right eye six months prior to the examination; however, the IOP remained at 22 mmHg. Ocular examination revealed a shallow anterior chamber and flat conjunctival bleb. An ab-interno bleb needling technique was performed followed by antimetabolite injection of mitomycin C under local anesthesia in an operating theatre. Follow-up results showed a significant reduction of IOP on the first day (13.3 mmHg) and a week after surgery (18.5 mmHg), maintained by one anti-glaucoma eye drop.
Discussion : Trabeculectomy filtration surgery has a high failure rate in younger patients due to a high risk of conjunctival scarring. The ab-interno needling approach with mitomycin C injection is a novel technique that can be performed and offers the advantage of increasing aqueous outflow through a direct opening of the trabecular meshwork from within the anterior chamber.
Conclusion : This technique provides effective management of failed trabeculectomy to achieve intraocular pressure lowering effect and a corresponding decrease in the risk of progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Successful Therapy and Relapse Rates of Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis
Authors: M.HIDAYAT  , Havilah Zeki Rosa  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : The annual incidence of Optic Neuritis (ON) has been reported increased, 0.56 and 5.1 cases per 100,000. Early diagnosis is essential to prompt an appropriate treatment, define the successfulness of therapy, and identify the incidency of relapse. The availability of neuroimaging (CT Scan, MRI) supporting diagnosis accuracy thus increase the incidence number. This paper aims at presenting the successful therapy and relapse rates of typical and atypical ON.
Methods : This is an observational study towards typical and atypical ON. The sample is every patient who diagnosed with ON in the neuroophthalmology outpatient policlinic of M Djamil Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. The sample should meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Every patients were treated using Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) protocol. The data respecting clinical characteristics, treatment results, and relapse is being collected and analyzed.
Results : We collected 50 subject who meets the ON criteria, involving 69 eyes. It mostly affected women (66%), less than 50 years old (88%), unilateral (62%), and have no systemic disease (76%). The visual acuity is increased after treatment in 92.8%. 7.2% not getting better, and no visual acuity worsening. We found 2 relapse cases (4%), 1 affected the same eye, and another involve the fellow eye.
Conclusion : The successful rate of therapy in typical and atypical ON is quite good. But, some patients with clinically severe ON, have systemic diseases such as diabetes, and late for treatment didn't have an improvement even after therapy. Relapse cases is found in small percentage.
Eyelid Malposition, the Basic Examination
Authors: HENDRIATI JEFRIANTO  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Eyelid malposition is when the eyelids become abnormally positioned due to various causes. The disorder is not aesthetically-pleasing and can lead to visual and ocular problems, which can be serious. The main cause of eyelid malposition is aging, as the tissues surrounding the eyes relax as we age. It can also occur as a result of paralysis of the facial nerve (Bell's palsy), trauma, scarring, and surgery
Methods : The types of eyelid malposition are: 1)Ptosis, a drooping upper eyelid, with difficulty in opening the eyelid voluntarily. In some cases, it is so severe that the eyelid covers the axis of the pupil and hinders correct vision in the affected eye. 2)Entropion, inward turning of the eyelid towards itself. It may be the lower eyelid or the upper eyelid, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea and eye surface, and 3)Ectropion, is the rotation towards the outside of the lower eyelid. Very often, it causes the tears to build up at the mid point without being able to drain and the patient notices their eye watering.
Results : There are some examination for each type eyelid malpositions, like for ptosis: fissure palpebral vertical, fissure palpebral horizontal, levator function, margin limbal distance, margin reflex distance, and bell’s phenomenon. Examination for entropion and ectropion including squeeze test, distraction test, snap and snap-back test, medial and lateral canthal laxity.
Conclusion : Careful examination is required to diagnose and manage eyelid malposition.
MANAGEMENT OF PHACOMORFIC GLAUCOMA WITH FILTRATION SURGERY
Authors: Nabdakh Alifvia , Subsp GL Dr. dr. Fidalia Sp.M (K) , Sari Sp.M (K) Subsp GL Dr. Prima Maya 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Phacomorphic glaucoma is form of glaucoma that occurs due to a swollen cataractous lens. Filtration surgery in one of the option for managing phacomorphic glaucoma. This surgical approach can be effective in controlling intraocular pressure and preventing further damage to the optic nerve
Case Illustration : A 53 yo female complaints of progressively blurry vision in her left eye. The LE visual acuity 6/30 and IOP 25,9. The gonioscopy showed a close-angle impression in all quadrants, VH gr 1. Also thereis increase lens opacity , Posterior segment examination revealed ]cup/disc ratio of 0.9 and cupping. The patient was diagnosed with secondary glaucoma (phacomorphic). Filtration surgery of trabeculectomy + 5-FU is performed
Discussion : The patient was treated with trabeculectomy and 5-FU, resulting in IOP to 17 mmHg. The surgical procedure is aim to reduce intraocular pressure to create a channel and reservoir for blocked aqueous humor, resulting in decreased IOP and stopping the damage process to the optic nerve. This approach aims to increase the success rate and reduce the likelihood of complications during the operation.
Conclusion : The limportance of prompt management of phacomorphic glaucoma to prevent permanent vision loss, and the use of trabeculectomy as an effective surgical approach in controlling intraocular pressure and preventing further damage to the optic. Cataract extraction surgery remains the definitive therapy for phacomorphic glaucoma cases, and this approach should be considered in the future management of the patient
Trends of Diagnostic and Surgery of Intraocular Foreign Body: a 20 Years Review
Authors: Nadya Eunice Sumolang  , Venny D. Yolanda  , Muhammad Ihsan  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Intraocular foreign bodies remain a common cause of ocular emergencies worldwide. Early and proper diagnostics and management are needed to reduce morbidity. In this paper, we reviewed the diagnostic and surgery trends of IOFB in the last 20 years. We aim to serve the update and better understand how to manage cases of IOFBs properly.
Methods : We conducted a literature review on Scopus from 2002 to 2022 using the PRISMA method (assisted by the Watase UAKE application). We include imaging and surgery data in cases of metallic and non- metallic IOFB in the anterior, intralenticular, and posterior segments.
Results : Thirty-one studies were included from Scopus and reference digging. We then classified the study into two main topics, surgery and diagnostic. In the last 20 years, imaging in diagnosis has been beneficial. CT-scan and MRI are still the leading options in visualizing metallic and non-metallic IOFB, respectively. However, in the case of tiny IOFB, MRI might be performed to visualize the metallic component with special considerations. IOCT also be considered to ensure no IOFB is left behind after removal. As for surgery, combining IOFB removal with pars plana vitrectomy remains the primary choice for IOFB in the posterior segment, combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for the intralenticular and magnetic for the anterior segment. Combining two or more surgical techniques improves outcomes and prevents postoperative complications.
Conclusion : A proper understanding of the components, location, and size of IOFB is required to determine the use of practical examinations and management of IOFB cases.
Outcome of laser Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: IDAYANI PANGGALO  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Retinopathy of prematurity is a proliferative disorder that requires urgent treatment. Proper case finding and treatment will prevent permanent blindness in infants. Laser photocoagulation is an preferred technique for the treatment of ROP. Aim of this study to describe the result of laser indirect Ophthalmoscopy in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Methods : This is Observational retrospective study, from 1130 screening procedures during 2020 until 2022. This study found 41 ROP patients who had received therapy.
Results : From 43 patients who received therapy, most were ROP stage 3 (80%), APROP (19%) and the rest were Stage IV A . 40 infants received lasers photocoagulation, and one infant received both laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti-VEGF. Regression was found in all cases of stage 3 ROP. Patients with aggressive posterior ROP also were treated successfully, except one patient progressed to stage 4 ROP.
Conclusion : with screening and prompt treatment, good outcomes have been obtained for infants with ROP
Efficacy and Safety of Iris-Claw and Scleral Fixated Intraocular Lens in Pediatric Ectopia Lentis : A Systematic Review
Authors: SITI HALIDA Z. SORAYA  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Ectopia lentis is a condition that involves displacement of the crystalline lens because of weakened or damaged zonules. Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of poor best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and progressive severity of subluxation. This systematic review aims to elucidate current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of iris-claw and scleral-fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) to treat children with ectopia lentis.
Methods : A comprehensive search from multiple electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCO, Wiley, and Embase within the last ten years of publication. All seventeen studies matched with studies’ criteria were included in this review and assessed with eligibility assessment tools. The outcomes extracted and compared were BCVA, endothelial cell density, postoperative complications, IOL stability, and intraocular pressure (IOP).
Results : Seventeen studies were included in this review; three observational studies, nine retrospective studies and five interventional studies in which majority have a low risk of bias. Significant improvement of post-operative BCVA on both IOLs. The most frequent complications found on ICIOL was pupillary ovalization, while SCIOL was eye infection. Endothelial cell loss was higher in SCIOL, and both IOL showed no significant difference (p > 0,05) in terms of the post-operative IOP. Dislocation of IOL more frequently found on ICIOL. However, ICIOL much more preferred due to less manipulation and duration of surgery.
Conclusion : ICIOL and SFIOL were both effective and safe for treating pediatric ectopia lentis. There was no superiority in which technique is better, technique varied according to each surgeon's preference.
Efficacy and Safety of Iris-Claw and Scleral Fixated Intraocular Lens in Pediatric Ectopia Lentis : A Systematic Review
Authors: SORAYA SITI HALIDA Z. , Estu Dian 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Ectopia lentis is a condition that involves displacement of the crystalline lens because of weakened or damaged zonules. Surgical intervention is indicated in cases of poor best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and progressive severity of subluxation. This systematic review aims to elucidate current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of iris-claw and scleral-fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) to treat children with ectopia lentis.
Methods : A comprehensive search from multiple electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCO, Wiley, and Embase within the last ten years of publication. All seventeen studies matched with studies’ criteria were included in this review and assessed with eligibility assessment tools. The outcomes extracted and compared were BCVA, endothelial cell density, postoperative complications, IOL stability, and intraocular pressure (IOP).
Results : Seventeen studies were included in this review; three observational studies, nine retrospective studies and five interventional studies in which majority have a low risk of bias. Significant improvement of post-operative BCVA on both IOLs. The most frequent complications found on ICIOL was pupillary ovalization, while SCIOL was eye infection. Endothelial cell loss was higher in SCIOL, and both IOL showed no significant difference (p > 0,05) in terms of the post-operative IOP. Dislocation of IOL more frequently found on ICIOL. However, ICIOL much more preferred due to less manipulation and duration of surgery.
Conclusion : ICIOL and SFIOL were both effective and safe for treating pediatric ectopia lentis. There was no superiority in which technique is better, technique varied according to each surgeon's preference.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE AND MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BEFORE AND AFTER DIALYSIS IN REGULAR DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Dewi Anak Agung Ayu Surya Nirmala , Kusumadjaja I Made Agus , Pemayun Cokorda Istri Dewiyani 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesGlaucoma is an eye disorder characterized by glaucomatous optic neuropathy with a typical visualfield defect and increased intraocular pressure (IOP).The incidence of glaucoma in dialysis patient is8.18/10,000 person. The dialysis process may change the IOP and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)which may lead to glaucoma. The aims of this study are to determine whether there was a change inIOP and MAP and to determine the correlation between changes in IOP and MAP due to dialysis.
MethodsThis is an observational study with cross sectional approach using stratified sampling method. Thesubjects were all regular dialysis patient at the Dialysis Unit in Sanglah Hospital period April-May2021 with total 63 people. The data taken are age,gender ,duration of dialysis, fasting blood sugar,urea and serum creatinine level before dialysis. Subjects were measured IOP and calculated MAPbefore and after dialysis.
ResultsMean of age of this study was 47,03±12,06 years old and dominated by male. Paired T-Test showedno significant changes IOP after dialysis but there were significant decreased on systolic, diastolicand MAP. Pearson correlation showed no correlation between changes of IOP and MAP afterdialysis. Multivariate analysis shows significant correlation between changes of IOP with urea levelbefore dialysis.
ConclusionIOP after dialysis was not increased in this study. Systolic, diastolic and MAP were decreased afterdialysis compared to before dialysis. There is no correlation between changes in IOP and MAP afterdialysis compared to before dialysis. Urea level before dialysis may be associated with increased IOPafter dialysis.