bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Criminal Law Risks
Authors: Lopashenko N. A. , Kobzeva E. V. , Rozhavskiy Z. D. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The growing digitalization of society, leads to the emergence of new forms of socially dangerous behavior (socially dangerous activity). In many ways, such criminal and legal risks are caused by the involvement of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence in various spheres of human activity. During the operation of artificial intelligence, it is also possible to exert harmful effects on artificial intelligence itself and (or) its carrier, which, from the standpoint of the current criminal law, may not always receive an unambiguous qualification.The purpose of the study is to identify criminal law risks existing in the context of artificial intelligence and formulate scientifically based conclusions regarding the prospects for the development of domestic criminal law and legislation.Objectives: to identify the key criminal law risks associated with the exploitation of artificial intelligence; to check whether artificial intelligence has the properties necessary for criminal personality; to identify possible options for criminal law assessment of harm caused by the exploitation of artificial intelligence; to establish the sufficiency of criminal law resources to protect artificial intelligence itself from socially dangerous behavior.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was the universal dialectical method of cognition of phenomena and processes of the surrounding reality. During the development of theoretical and applied provisions of the work, a set of general scientific and private scientific research methods (formal logical, predictive, formal legal, etc.) was also used.Results. The prospects for the development of criminal law and criminal legislation of Russia in the context of the problem of artificial intelligence directly depend on the level of scientific and technological achievements in its programming and operation.Conclusion. The modern potential of artificial intelligence precludes raising the question of its criminal legal personality mainly due to its lack of ability to mentally perceive its own socially dangerous activity, which is a prerequisite for criminal liability. The developer of the corresponding program or the operator of the artificial intelligence carrier device must be responsible for causing harm to interests protected by criminal law in connection with the exploitation of artificial intelligence.
Thesis Paper: Some Reflections
Authors: Gongalo B. M. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance. At present, the procedure for preparing thesis papers is being transformed. It is due to changes in the nomenclature of scientific specialties, according to which the scientific specialty 12.00.03 “Civil Law, Business Law, Family Law, Private International Law” has been replaced by an extended scientific specialty 5.1.3 “Private Law (Civil) Sciences”. However, there is still a problem of a low number of thesis papers in private law sciences as a result of postgraduate studies. This makes it necessary for novice researchers to form an idea about the preparation of thesis papers on private law sciences, taking into account their specifics.The purpose of the study is to generalize the author’s idea of preparing a thesis paper on private law sciences.Objectives: to identify approaches to the selection of a thesis paper topic on civil law, to develop recommendations for the application of practice in a thesis paper, to give recommendations on the style of a thesis paper text.The methodology of the study is presented by the dialectical-materialistic method and the system method. There were also applied analysis, synthesis and the formal legal method.The results of the study consist in a generalized idea of the specifics of preparing a thesis paper on private law (civil) sciences, based on the author’s personal experience. The key points of successful completion of a thesis paper research are highlighted, in particular, the justification of the research topic, the use of practice, and foreign scientific literature.Conclusion. Working on a thesis paper is a complex and time–consuming process. In general, the arguments given about how a thesis is “prepared” are not the ultimate truth. Moreover, they do not pretend to be complete ones.This is more a thought-provoking information.
The Right of the Consumer to Protect Personal Data and its Implementation
Authors: Surkov A. N. , Ustinov V. D. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The article discusses ways to protect the personal data of the consumer as their subject. It is noted that the risk of violation of the rights of this category of citizens has increased significantly in the era of digitalization. Legislative novelties proposed by the scientific community concerning the recognition of personal data as a personal non-property good are analyzed. Based on the generalization of judicial practice, approaches to assessing the illegality of processing, distribution or use of other people's personal data in decisions on claims for recognition of such actions as violating the provisions of civil legislation are shown. The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific knowledge about ways to protect consumer personal data and improve the quality of law enforcement practice when considering claims in cases of this category. Objectives: to analyze the practice of the Constitutional, Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction in cases of consumer personal data protection and to identify problems related to the implementation of this right.Methodology. When writing the work, methods of analysis and synthesis, system-analytical, documentary and formal legal methods were used. The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature and are aimed at finding optimal solutions for the effective implementation of the consumer's right to personal data protection. The issue of legislative recognition of a person's personal data as a personal intangible good is raised in order to ensure proper restoration of violated rights.The conclusions made in the article, as well as the proposals made, are aimed at continuing scientific developments on the stated topic, are of a debatable nature and allow for a uniform way to resolve problems arising in the implementation of the consumer's right to personal data protection. Conclusion and proposals are aimed at continuing scientific developments on the stated topic, are of a debatable nature and allow solving problems arising in the implementation of the consumer's right to personal data protection in a uniform way.
Timely Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis Based on the Epidemiological Disease Spectrum: Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Ko Yousang , Park Jae Seuk , Min Jinsoo , Kim Hyung Woo , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung , Oh Jee Youn , Jeong Yun-Jeong , Lee Eunhye , Yang Bumhee , Kim Ju Sang , Lee Sung-Soon , Kwon Yunhyung , Yang Jiyeon , Han Ji yeon , Jang You Jin , Kim Jinseob 
Published: January 2024

Background
Timely pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis is a global health priority for interrupting transmission and optimizing treatment outcomes. The traditional dichotomous time-divided approach for addressing time delays in diagnosis has limited clinical application because the time delay significantly varies depending on each community in question.

Objective
We aimed to reevaluate the diagnosis time delay based on the PTB disease spectrum using a novel scoring system that was applied at the national level in the Republic of Korea.

Methods
The Pulmonary Tuberculosis Spectrum Score (PTBSS) was developed based on previously published proposals related to the disease spectrum, and its validity was assessed by examining both all-cause and PTB-related mortality. In our analysis, we integrated the PTBSS into the Korea Tuberculosis Cohort Registry. We evaluated various time delays, including patient, health care, and overall delays, and their system-associated variables in line with each PTBSS. Furthermore, we reclassified the scores into distinct categories of mild (PTBSS=0-1), moderate (PBTBSS=2-3), and severe (PBTBSS=4-6) using a multivariate regression approach.

Results
Among the 14,031 Korean patients with active PTB whose data were analyzed from 2018 to 2020, 37% (n=5191), 38% (n=5328), and 25% (n=3512) were classified as having a mild, moderate, and severe disease status, respectively, according to the PTBSS. This classification can therefore reflect the disease spectrum of PTB by considering the correlation of the score with mortality. The time delay patterns differed according to the PTBSS. In health care delays according to the PTBSS, greater PTB disease progression was associated with a shorter diagnosis period, since the condition is microbiologically easy to diagnose. However, with respect to patient delays, the change in elapsed time showed a U-shaped pattern as PTB progressed. This means that a remarkable patient delay in the real-world setting might occur at both apical ends of the spectrum (ie, in both mild and severe cases of PTB). Independent risk factors for a severe PTB pattern were age (adjusted odds ratio 1.014) and male sex (adjusted odds ratio 1.422), whereas no significant risk factor was found for mild PTB.

Conclusions
Timely PTB diagnosis should be accomplished. This can be improved with use of the PTBSS, a simple and intuitive scoring system, which can be more helpful in clinical and public health applications compared to the traditional dichotomous time-only approach.
Improving Behavioral-Based Safety Training in Using Verbal Commands Through a Theory-Driven and Feedback-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Game: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Atagbuzia Chukwudiebube , Ng Ean H , Natarajan Ganapathy 
Published: January 2024

Background
The construction, chemical, aviation, medical, and health care industries have used serious games for safety training. To our knowledge, serious games have not been developed focusing on behavioral change to improve safety through the use of verbal commands and instilling players with heightened awareness of their spatial proximity to other people in their surroundings.

Objective
We aimed to develop a theory-driven serious game for improving safety behavior using verbal commands and validate the implementation of the theoretical frameworks used for game development. The game developed, KitchenSpeak, was a first-person character (FPC) game where users respond to in-game prompts to use loud verbal commands when they are approaching another employee’s blind spot.

Methods
In addition to using the SERES framework in guiding the general game design and development, and the Reflection, Engagement, Choice, Information, Play, Exposition (RECIPE) framework to inform the design of the game mechanics, we also applied gestalt laws of perception for graphic design to guide the design of the game’s user interface. We conducted 2 evaluative tests (alpha and beta) to collect end user and stakeholder feedback on the implementation of the theoretical frameworks, as well as to collect relevant information for full-scale implementation and a future validation study.

Results
The alpha and beta tests had 8 and 40 participants, respectively. The alpha test results revealed that the theoretical frameworks were adequately applied; however, suggestions were also made to modify and improve the game. The beta test results suggested further improvements for the game design and found no differences in the perception of ease of play between participants with and without previous FPC gaming experience (P=.47; Kruskal-Wallis). Results suggested that the game met its design and theoretical requirements, and it would be easily playable by all players regardless of their previous experience in FPC games.

Conclusions
A theory-driven and evidence-based FPC game titled KitchenSpeak was developed to teach the use of kitchen-speak terms in commercial kitchens. Evaluative tests were conducted to validate the implementation of the theoretical frameworks. Our main contributions are creating and validating game-based training to improve behavioral-based safety in the workplace and the incorporation of gestalt laws of perception for graphic design in the game’s user interface.
Effectiveness of a Smartphone App (Heia Meg) in Improving Decisions About Nutrition and Physical Activity: Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Olsen Christine , Lungu Daniel Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Background
Obesity is a prevalent and serious chronic condition associated with abnormal or excessive fat buildup that poses significant health risks. The rates of overweight and obesity in adults and children continue to rise, with global rates of children with overweight or obesity aged 5-19 years growing from 4% to 18% between 1975 and 2016. Furthermore, in 2017, nearly 4 million people died due to complications arising from being overweight or obese.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the potential impact of the mobile app Heia Meg on promoting healthier lifestyle choices regarding nutrition and physical activity.

Methods
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in collaboration with the Norwegian Directorate of Health. Participants were recruited through the Heia Meg app and were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after using the app. A total of 199 responses were included in the first (preintervention) questionnaire, while 99 valid responses were obtained in the second (postintervention) questionnaire.

Results
The majority (159/199, 79.9%) of participants were female, and their age ranged from 18 years to 70 years and older. The results show a reduction in BMI after the digital intervention. However, some variables influence the BMI reduction effect: sex, age, education, and smoking. The group that obtained the most benefit from the intervention consisted of those who were male, aged 30-39 years, highly educated, and nonsmokers. Although positive, some of the findings are slightly above the statistical significance threshold and therefore should be interpreted carefully.

Conclusions
Our study found weak evidence to support the effectiveness of the Heia Meg app in promoting healthier lifestyle choices. However, limitations and confounding factors suggest that further research in different populations with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm or disprove our findings.
Acceptability of Mobile App–Based Motivational Interviewing and Preferences for App Features to Support Self-Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study
Authors: Yoon Sungwon , Tang Haoming , Tan Chao Min , Phang Jie Kie , Kwan Yu Heng , Low Lian Leng 
Published: January 2024

Background
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience multiple barriers to improving self-management. Evidence suggests that motivational interviewing (MI), a patient-centered communication method, can address patient barriers and promote healthy behavior. Despite the value of MI, existing MI studies predominantly used face-to-face or phone-based interventions. With the growing adoption of smartphones, automated MI techniques powered by artificial intelligence on mobile devices may offer effective motivational support to patients with T2DM.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the perspectives of patients with T2DM on the acceptability of app-based MI in routine health care and collect their feedback on specific MI module features to inform our future intervention.

Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews with patients with T2DM, recruited from public primary care clinics. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo.

Results
In total, 33 patients with T2DM participated in the study. Participants saw MI as a mental reminder to increase motivation and a complementary care model conducive to self-reflection and behavior change. Yet, there was a sense of reluctance, mainly stemming from potential compromise of autonomy in self-care by the introduction of MI. Some participants felt confident in their ability to manage conditions independently, while others reported already making changes and preferred self-management at their own pace. Compared with in-person MI, app-based MI was viewed as offering a more relaxed atmosphere for open sharing without being judged by health care providers. However, participants questioned the lack of human touch, which could potentially undermine a patient-provider therapeutic relationship. To sustain motivation, participants suggested more features of an ongoing supportive nature such as the visualization of milestones, gamified challenges and incremental rewards according to achievements, tailored multimedia resources based on goals, and conversational tools that are interactive and empathic.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest the need for a hybrid model of intervention involving both app-based automated MI and human coaching. Patient feedback on specific app features will be incorporated into the module development and tested in a randomized controlled trial.
Innovative Solutions for Patients Who Undergo Craniectomy: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Fernandez Laura L , Griswold Dylan , Khun Isla , Rodriguez De Francisco Diana Victoria 
Published: January 2024

Background
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a widely used procedure to alleviate high intracranial pressure. Multidisciplinary teams have designed and implemented external medical prototypes to improve patient life quality and avoid complications following DC in patients awaiting cranioplasty (CP), including 3D printing and plaster prototypes when available.

Objective
This scoping review aims to understand the extent and type of evidence about innovative external prototypes for patients who undergo DC while awaiting CP.

Methods
This scoping review will use the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. This scoping review will include noninvasive medical devices for adult patients who undergo DC while waiting for CP. The search strategy will be implemented in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, and the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Index Medicus. Patent documents were also allocated in Espacenet, Google Patents, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) database.

Results
This scoping review is not subject to ethical approval as there will be no involvement of patients. The dissemination plan includes publishing the review findings in a peer-reviewed journal and presenting results at conferences that engage the most pertinent stakeholders in innovation and neurosurgery.

Conclusions
This scoping review will serve as a baseline to provide evidence for multidisciplinary teams currently designing these noninvasive innovations to reduce the risk of associated complications after DC, hoping that more cost-effective models can be implemented, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/50647
Using EpiCore to Enable Rapid Verification of Potential Health Threats: Illustrated Use Cases and Summary Statistics
Authors: Divi Nomita , Mantero Jaś , Libel Marlo , Leal Neto Onicio , Schultheiss Marinanicole , Sewalk Kara , Brownstein John , Smolinski Mark 
Published: January 2024

Background
The proliferation of digital disease-detection systems has led to an increase in earlier warning signals, which subsequently have resulted in swifter responses to emerging threats. Such highly sensitive systems can also produce weak signals needing additional information for action. The delays in the response to a genuine health threat are often due to the time it takes to verify a health event. It was the delay in outbreak verification that was the main impetus for creating EpiCore.

Objective
This paper describes the potential of crowdsourcing information through EpiCore, a network of voluntary human, animal, and environmental health professionals supporting the verification of early warning signals of potential outbreaks and informing risk assessments by monitoring ongoing threats.

Methods
This paper uses summary statistics to assess whether EpiCore is meeting its goal to accelerate the time to verification of identified potential health events for epidemic and pandemic intelligence purposes from around the world. Data from the EpiCore platform from January 2018 to December 2022 were analyzed to capture request for information response rates and verification rates. Illustrated use cases are provided to describe how EpiCore members provide information to facilitate the verification of early warning signals of potential outbreaks and for the monitoring and risk assessment of ongoing threats through EpiCore and its utilities.

Results
Since its launch in 2016, EpiCore network membership grew to over 3300 individuals during the first 2 years, consisting of professionals in human, animal, and environmental health, spanning 161 countries. The overall EpiCore response rate to requests for information increased by year between 2018 and 2022 from 65.4% to 68.8% with an initial response typically received within 24 hours (in 2022, 94% of responded requests received a first contribution within 24 h). Five illustrated use cases highlight the various uses of EpiCore.

Conclusions
As the global demand for data to facilitate disease prevention and control continues to grow, it will be crucial for traditional and nontraditional methods of disease surveillance to work together to ensure health threats are captured earlier. EpiCore is an innovative approach that can support health authorities in decision-making when used complementarily with official early detection and verification systems. EpiCore can shorten the time to verification by confirming early detection signals, informing risk-assessment activities, and monitoring ongoing events.
Call to Action: A Faculty Survey to Inform Future Efforts at Student-Run Clinics
Authors: Piazza Nina , Bruehlman Alyssa 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Existing literature about student-run clinics (SRCs) often focuses on student rather than patient experiences. To begin to gather data on norms and practices at SRCs nationally, this pilot study surveyed faculty leaders from SRCs around the country about metrics such as clinic organization, patient demographics, and care services.
Methods: A 38-question survey was distributed via email to members of the Student Run Free Clinic Faculty Association (SRFCFA) in October 2021. All responses were collected electronically via Qualtrics survey software.
Results: Most SRCs are held at least once weekly in variable physical locations. All SRCs surveyed use an electronic medical record. Student leadership typically rotates annually. Preceptors skew towards generalists rather than specialists. Clinics have variable patient volumes but see majority uninsured and non-English-speaking patient populations. Responses about consistency of result communication, follow-up visits, referrals to specialty care, and management of high-risk patients were mixed. The majority of respondents did not feel that learner experience was prioritized over patient care.
Conclusion: The design and operations of SRCs nationwide is variable and not standardized. There remains a limited understanding of patient experiences and patient-centered outcomes at SRCs, and thus it is difficult to guide best practices. Future efforts to collect patient perspectives and outcomes should be emphasized given the vulnerable populations these clinics serve.