bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoreversible Gelation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) – Camphor System
Authors: Dasgupta D. , Manna Swarup , Malik Sudip , Rochas Cyrille , Guenet Jean Michel , Nandi A.K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPoly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) produces thermoreversible gel in camphor when quenched to 25°C from the melt under sealed condition. The SEM micrograph of dried PVF2/camphor gel (W= 0.25) indicates presence of fibrillar network structure and the gels at different composition shows reversible first order phase transition. The phase diagram of the gel suggest the formation of a polymer‐ solvent complex. The melting enthalpy gives a stoichiometric composition of the complex at W= 0.25. This corresponds to a molar ratio of PVF2 monomer/camphor ≈ 4/5. Temperature‐dependent synchroton experiments further support the conclusions derived from the phase diagram.
Simulation of Electrical and Thermal Behavior of Poly(propylene) / Carbon Filler Conductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Feller Jean François , Glouannec Patrick , Salagnac Patrick , Droval Guillaume , Chauvelon Philippe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPP‐carbon CPC show interesting thermo‐electrical properties, smooth resistivity increase with temperature up to 150°C and consequently high power dissipation on a wide temperature range. The addition of short carbon fibers to PP already formulated with carbon black increases sharply the electrical conductivity of the CPC but does not have much influence on thermal conductivity as it could have been expected from the favorable aspect ratio of the fibers. The simulations of the thermo‐electrical behavior of the CPC under tension put into evidence a temperature gradient at high heat flux due to the low thermal conductivity, which may damage the material itself.
Stabilisation Effect of Calcium Ions on Polymer Network in Hydrogels Derived from a Lyotropic Phase of Hydroxypropylcellulose
Authors: Joachimiak Aleksandra , Okrasa Lidia , Halamus Tomasz , Wojciechowski Piotr 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe process of crosslinking of the hydrogel, derived from lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) phases of hydroxypropylcellulose/acrylic acid‐water, by calcium ions was studied by means of Raman and dielectric spectroscopy. Formation of salt by poly(acrylic acid) and calcium ions, resulting in hydrogel crosslinking, induces differences in Raman spectra of the hydrogel before and after the crosslinking. The crosslinking results in significant increase in the activation energy of β‐relaxation of poly(acrylic acid). This is a direct consequence of restriction in motions of carboxylic groups of poly(acrylic acid) due to calcium salt formation. Thus, the crosslinking improves polymer network stability in the hydrogel in the swollen state.
Do pharmacists' opinions affect their decision to dispense or recommend a visit to a doctor?
Authors: Caamaño‐Isorna Francisco , Montes Agustin , Takkouche Bahi , Gestal‐Otero J. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo assess the relation between the pharmacists' opinions and the decision to dispense drugs without medical prescription and to recommend a visit to a doctor.MethodsWe carried out a cohort study on a sample of 166 pharmacists in North‐West Spain. Pharmacists' opinions on prescription practice of the doctors, on pharmacists' qualification to dispense drugs without medical prescription, on their responsibility about dispensed drugs, on clients' qualification for self‐medication, and pharmacists' perception of their work were collected through a personal interview. Dispensing and the recommendation to the patient to visit their doctor were measure in the follow‐up. We constructed logistic regression models.ResultsThe response rate to the first questionnaire was 98.8% and the participation rate in the follow‐up was 60%. Pharmacists who considered that doctors prescribed excessively were less likely to dispense without medical prescription (OR = 0.48) and to send the client to the doctor more often (OR = 2.33). On the other hand, those who considered themselves to be capable to dispense without prescription do so frequently (OR = 1.24). A major appreciation of the pharmacist as a health educator was associated with a higher dispensing (OR = 3.81). Pharmacists who considered that customers' qualification for self‐medication was good recommended, more frequently visiting a doctor (OR = 1.58).ConclusionsOur results show that the pharmacists' opinions are associated with their practice of counseling. Therefore, any program designed with the purpose of changing dispensing habits of the pharmacists should identify and take into account their opinions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chylothorax in Henoch‐Schonlein purpura: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cogar Bryan D. , Groshong Ted D. , Turpin Brian K. , Guajardo Jesus R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHenoch‐Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common acute vasculitis in the pediatric population, with an incidence of 10–14 per 100,000. The classic presentation of this disorder includes erythematous papules followed by palpable purpura in the lower extremities, trunk, and face, arthralgia or arthritis, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and nephritis. While renal abnormalities in HSP are common, the classic pulmonary manifestations, such as hemorrhage and pneumonitis, are thought to be infrequent. Subclinical pulmonary manifestations, including diffusion defects and radiographic anomalies, seem to be quite frequent in patients with HSP but are not commonly reported. Other respiratory manifestations include pleural effusion and chylothorax, but these are rarely mentioned in the literature. Chylothorax was only reported once in an adult patient with HSP in whom the mechanism of formation was demonstrated to be secondary to transdiaphragmatic passage of chylous fluid from the peritoneal cavity. Here we describe an 8‐year‐old girl with HSP, nephrotic syndrome, and chylothorax, and we report the results of a review of the literature regarding respiratory complications in HSP. The present case is the first pediatric patient reported with HSP and chylothorax. The therapeutic measures utilized were effective in resolving her edema, ascites, and chylothorax, and we advocate the use of these measures as first‐line therapy in future patients with similar complications from HSP. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How much do Pseudomonas biofilms contribute to symptoms of pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis?
Authors: VanDevanter Donald R. , Van Dalfsen Jill M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRecent studies suggest that chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) involve anaerobic biofilms, and that these biofilms are the reason chronic infections are rarely eradicated by antibiotic therapy, regardless of the in vitro susceptibility of infecting bacteria. These observations led to the development of an in vitro method for testing antibiotic susceptibility of CF clinical isolates in biofilms (Moskowitz et al., J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:1915–1922) and unearthed an apparent paradox. Antibiotics that remain cornerstones of clinical management of CF pulmonary exacerbations (e.g., beta‐lactam antibiotics) appear to have little to no activity at clinically achievable concentrations when tested in vitro against clinical P. aeruginosa isolates growing in biofilms. The proven clinical efficacy of beta‐lactam antibiotics in treating exacerbations, and the selection for beta‐lactam resistance in vivo, suggest that planktonic bacteria play a significant role in pulmonary exacerbations of CF. A model of infection architecture is proposed in which biofilm and planktonic compartments each play a role in infection persistence and pulmonary exacerbation, respectively. Infection architecture may partially account for the observed lack of correlation between in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing and clinical response to antibiotic therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atrial natriuretic peptide in children with pneumonia
Authors: Haviv Michal , Haver Eitan , Lichtstein David , Hurvitz Haggit , Klar Aharon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAtrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has known natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilatatory effects. It is synthesized and stored in the atrial cells. Stretching of the atrial muscle fibers during an increase in venous return sets a response of ANP release into the blood stream. High levels of ANP were measured in a number of lung diseases. Pneumonia in children is frequently accompanied by the hyponatremia of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion (SIADH). High levels of ANP were found among patients with SIADH. Our objective was to determine if ANP plasma levels are altered in children with pneumonia, and to evaluate a possible correlation between severity of pneumonia and ANP levels. Blood samples from 28 children diagnosed with pneumonia were collected. Plasma ANP levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared to levels in 25 children without pneumonia. ANP levels in the pneumonia group (mean ± SD, 16.02 ± 11.69 pg/ml) increased significantly (P < 0.01) compared to levels in the control group (mean ± SD, 7.44 ± 9.29 pg/ml). Children in the pneumonia group also exhibited low levels of plasma sodium (mean ± SD, 134.88 ± 2.5 mmol/l) compared to levels in children without pneumonia (mean ± SD, 139.77 ± 4.15 mmol/l) (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between ANP plasma levels and severity of pneumonia. In conclusion, ANP levels in children with pneumonia, as in other lung diseases, are increased. High ANP levels may play a role in maintaining water and electrolyte equilibrium during a state of inappropriate ADH secretion accompanying pneumonia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency–voltage cooperative CPU power control: A design rule and its application by feedback prediction
Authors: Toyama Keisuke , Misaka Satoshi , Aisaka Kazuo , Aritsuka Toshiyuki , Uchiyama Kunio , Ishibashi Koichiro , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Sakurai Takayasu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFrequency–voltage cooperative power control (FVC) is a powerful method to reduce the CPU power consumption of a program during execution, because it utilizes the information on the software workload dynamically. In this paper, we first show through a mathematical analysis the design rule to determine the necessary frequencies and its effect. Then we show experimental results of implementing an FVC with a feedback algorithm on MPEG‐4 video and MP3 audio decoders with two sets of frequency and voltage. The FVC gave a 72% reduction in CPU power consumption during execution. In addition, we show a “Cool‐Start” method that begins the FVC at a lower frequency and improves the power reduction effect. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(6): 39–48, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20263
Estimation of anatomical landmark positions from model of 3‐dimensional foot by the FFD method
Authors: Yahara Hiroki , Higuma Naoki , Fukui Yukio , Nishihara Seiichi , Mochimaru Masaaki , Kouchi Makiko 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of estimation of the anatomical landmarks that are needed in product design from point clouds of body shape measured by a three‐dimensional scanner. The algorithm is described briefly. First, the standard model is defined as the average shape with anatomical landmarks calculated from multiple body data samples with given anatomical landmarks. Then, the matching transformation is applied to the standard model so that it fits the body shape data of the target model. The anatomical landmarks of the target body shape are estimated from the deformed standard model. Free‐form deformation (FFD) is used as the matching transformation, in which the deformation control lattice coordinates are determined from an estimation formula derived by multiple regression analysis of the multiple body data sample. This method is applied to a foot model for shoe design. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an experimental evaluation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(6): 26–38, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20270
Developing WWW‐based highly interactive and collaborative applications using software components
Authors: Anido Luis , Llamas Martin , Fernández Manuel J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a layered framework to support WWW‐based interactive and collaborative applications. Using some commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) software, three basic services are built: virtual rooms, virtual file systems, and database connectivity. These services are used at a second layer, which actually provides the functionality of the framework. The components that have been described at this level can be embedded in WWW‐based business applications in an easy and direct way. Therefore, programmers can focus on the particular logic of their applications, avoiding most of the issues related to collaboration, networking, and access control. In order to test the developed framework a WWW‐based educational application has been implemented. This tele‐education system, with innovative features in the field of WWW‐based practical training, is the second contribution presented by the authors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping seabed habitats in the Firth of Lorn off the west coast of Scotland: evaluation and comparison of habitat maps produced using the acoustic ground-discrimination system, RoxAnn, and sidescan sonar
Authors: Brown Craig J. , Mitchell Annika , Limpenny David S. , Robertson Mike R. , Service Matthew , Golding Neil 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
In September 2003 a national workshop took place in the United Kingdom with the aim of assessing the accuracy of the acoustic ground-discrimination system (AGDS), RoxAnn™, as a tool for mapping seabed habitats in Special Areas of Conservation (SACs). A heterogeneous area of seabed, approximately 1 km2 in size, was selected for the study. The area was first surveyed using a sidescan-sonar system and a mosaic of the output was produced covering 100% of the survey area. Interpretation of the mosaic identified three acoustically distinct seabed types, the spatial distributions of which were mapped. Four RoxAnn data sets were then collected over the same area of seabed applying different survey parameters (e.g. different survey grids, track spacing, survey vessels, survey speeds, and RoxAnn systems). Extensive ground-truthing was carried out involving 26 drop-down video stations, and from these data six benthic classes (seabed habitats) were identified. Following interpolation of the RoxAnn track-point data to produce full spatial-coverage data, these six-seabed habitat categories were used to conduct supervised classification of the RoxAnn data to produce full-coverage habitat maps of the area for each of the four RoxAnn data sets. Comparisons were then made between the four RoxAnn maps and the sidescan-sonar interpreted map. The accuracy of each map was assessed and the application of this mapping approach for mapping seabed habitats in SACs is discussed.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of periprosthetic acetabular osteolysis: A cadaveric study
Authors: Weiland Daniel E. , Walde Tim A. , Leung Serena B. , Sychterz Christi J. , Ho Stephanie , Engh Charles A. , Potter Hollis G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPeriprosthetic osteolysis is a well recognized complication of total hip arthroplasty that leads to implant failure. The ability to accurately assess and visualize the position and volume of periacetabular bone defects is paramount for clinical observation and medical treatment, as well as pre‐operative planning of revision surgery. We have developed a modified magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol that is useful in detection and quantification of periacetabular bone loss. The purpose of this study is to compare MRI to plain film analysis in the assessment of periacetabular bone loss using a cadaver model. MRI was 95% sensitive in the detection of lesions. Specificity was 98%, and accuracy was 96%. Lesion detection was not statistically dependent on lesion location (p = 0.27). The mean absolute error in determining lesion size was 0.8 ± 2.2 cm3. There was a correlation between increasing lesion size and lesion detection (p = 0.02, logistic regression). The largest lesion that was missed by MRI analysis measured 2.8 cm3, and all lesions ≥ 3.0 cm3 were correctly identified, with a relative error volume measurement of 12.4 ± 25.3%. This correlated to an absolute error of 1.4 ± 2.4 cm3. Using conventional radiographic analysis, the overall sensitivity of lesion detection was 52%, and the specificity was 96%. Using plain film analysis, identification of true lesions depended on the location with 83% of ilial lesions, 64% of pubic lesions, 55% of ischial lesions, and 0% of posterior wall lesions correctly identified. The modified MRI technique utilized did allow for accurate visualization of simulated osteolytic lesions, and may provide a suitable noninvasive method to provide serial assessment of clinical periacetabular osteolysis without the use of ionizing radiation. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gastrointestinal helminths of the lizard Chalcides ocellatus from Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Ibrahim H.M.S. , Fadiel M.M. , Nair G.A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractChalcides ocellatus, a scincid lizard, sampled during October 1998 to December 1999 from Benina (farmland) and Al-Kueffia (a rocky area) in Benghazi, Libya, was found to harbour three intestinal nematodes, Pharyngodon mamillatus, Thelandros alatus and Parapharyngodon micipsae, and an intestinal cestode, Oochoristica tuberculata. Thelandros alatus, P. micipsae and O. tuberculata were recorded for the first time in C. ocellatus. Parapharyngodon micipsae was detected in C. ocellatus from Benina and O. tuberculata from lizards in Al-Kueffia. The majority (87.6%) of C. ocellatus were infected with helminth parasites and the levels of infection were higher in males than in females but this difference was not significant. Pharyngodon mamillatus recorded the highest number of nematode parasites in C. ocellatus, although there was no relationship between the number of nematode parasites recovered and host density. In lizards infected with the cestode O. tuberculata, males had shorter snout–vent lengths than females. From a total of 153 C. ocellatus, 120 (78.4%) showed single and 14 (9.2%) showed mixed parasitic infections. Mixed infections between different species of nematodes were not observed.
Ligula intestinalis infection as a potential source of bias in the bioindication of endocrine disruption in the European chub Leuciscus cephalus
Authors: Schabuss M. , Gemeiner M. , Gleiß A. , Lewis J.W. , Miller I , Möstl E. , Schober U. , Tschulenk W. , Walter I. , Grillitsch B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEuropean chub Leuciscus cephalus collected from five localities in the lowland and subalpine regions of Austria were analysed for oestrogenic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the presence of the plerocercoid of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis. Of 1494 chub analysed, only seven (six males, one female) were found to be infected with single, but large plerocercoids up to 15 cm in length. Ligula-infected fish showed comparatively immature gonads, as demonstrated by the gonadosomatic index and gamete developmental stages. Plasma levels of the egg precursor protein vitellogenin also showed concentrations ranging below the detection limit. The present results indicate that chub infected with L. intestinalis and exposed to exogenous oestrogenic compounds can result in reduced gonadal maturation and produce false oestrogen-positive diagnoses in male fish. For plasma vitellogenin levels, L. intestinalis infections can result in false oestrogen-negative diagnoses in male and female fish.
Changes in survival characteristics of Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae emerged from cadmium-exposed Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Morley N.J. , Crane M. , Lewis J.W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe effect of exposing Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), infected with Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae), to 100 μg l−1 cadmium for 7 days on survival characteristics (survival, tail loss, decaudized cercarial life-span) of emerged cercariae was investigated. Exposure of L. stagnalis to cadmium resulted in significantly increased D. spathaceum cercarial survival and an inhibited tail loss compared to controls. The normal parallel relationship which exists over time between decreasing cercarial survival and increasing tail loss in controls was changed in cercariae from cadmium-exposed hosts with an increased proportion of cercarial deaths occurring without tail loss. The decaudized cercarial life-span over the survival period of the cercarial population did not significantly change. However comparisons between individuals decaudized during the initial 24 h time period with those which were decaudized during the final period of cercarial survival showed a significantly altered life span which did not occur in the control population. As a potential indicator of penetration ‘fitness’ comparisons were also undertaken between control and exposed cercariae decaudized during the initial 24 h time period, which revealed that the decaudized cercarial life-span from the exposed hosts was significantly different from controls. This may have important implications for the ability of cercariae to migrate through the tissues of their target host. The importance and relevance of these results to parasite transmission are discussed.
Policy, Subsidiarity, and Legitimacy
Authors: Sinnott Richard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the theoretical processes by which policy issues become internationalized, and uses set theory to examine their inter relationships. It then examines the evidence by which to measure the extent to which public opinion looks to the national level of governance, operating under the principle of subsidiarity, rather than the European Community level, to tackle a particular type of policy issue or range of issues. The analysis suggests that the legitimacy of internationalized governance is a highly differentiated matter which varies from one policy area to another. It depends, moreover, on the relationship between, on the one hand, public perceptions and expectations and, on the other, the nature of the problems being confronted and the claims of the EC or other agency of internationalized governance. The analysis supports a recurring theme of this book, that orientations towards internationalized governance are highly differentiated by time and country, and by institutional and policy sectors.
The View from Within
Authors: Westle Bettina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis chapter examines the nature and extent of public representation on the issue of European Community enlargement. The evidence shows show public opinion is poorly informed and weakly consulted, and that the process of enlargement has been exclusively a matter for political elites. The citizens of member states have never been asked by their governments whether or not they want other countries admitted. Neither the prospective membership of a specific country nor the tension between deepening and widening have emerged as issues in public debate or as major differences between political parties. The situation has a considerable effect on theoretical expectations regarding the territorial dimension of the EC.