bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of amino acid disappearance in the small intestine is related to the extent of amino acids absorbed in growing pigs
Authors: Montoya Carlos A. , van Bemmel Michael , Kreutz Kevin , Hodgkinson Suzanne M. , Stroebinger Natascha , Moughan Paul J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the importance of a correction for amino acids (AA) released into the hindgut on a measure of AA absorption kinetics and tested whether AA absorption kinetics are related to the extent of AA absorption using the growing pig as a model for humans. Thirty-six nine-week-old pigs (22·3 kg) received a diet containing whey protein as the sole protein source for 8 d. Pigs received their last meal containing the indigestible marker titanium dioxide before being euthanised at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 h post-feeding. The entire content of each gastrointestinal tract (GIT) region was collected to determine AA released into the hindgut, and the kinetics and extent of AA absorption (uncorrected and corrected for AA entering the hindgut). Amounts of AA released into the hindgut increased over time (e.g. 33 and 180 mg of Glu for 4 and 6 h post-feeding). The corrected apparent amount of each AA absorbed from the GIT lumen after 4 h post-feeding was generally lower (P ≤ 0·05) than the uncorrected counterpart. Differences in both the kinetics and extent of AA absorption were observed across AA. For example, the time to reach half of the apparent AA absorption (T50) was 1·5 and 3·4 h for Met and Arg, respectively, whereas their extent of apparent absorption was 93 and 73 %. Negative correlations between parameters related to kinetics and the extent of apparent absorption were observed (e.g. for T50 r = −0·81; P < 0·001). The kinetics of AA absorption is related to the extent of AA absorption.
On the Pluralist Critique of Authority
Authors: Fives Allyn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The moral problem of authority can be expressed as follows: how can authority, and the deference it entails, be compatible with freedom and rationality? The pluralist approach separates political obligation from authority. For pluralists, authority is both unjustifiable and unnecessary, and so legitimate political obligation, including the duty to obey the law, does not entail deference. I argue that it is possible to retain the pluralist commitment to plural grounds of legitimacy, while rebutting the pluralist objections to authority. As a result, whenever authority does have legitimacy, the moral question of authority will demand an answer.
Assessing evidence supporting cannabis harm reduction practices for adolescents at clinical high-risk for psychosis: a review and clinical implementation tool
Authors: Kapler Simon , Adery Laura , Hoftman Gil D. , Amir Carolyn M. , Grigoryan Vardui , Cooper Ziva D. , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCannabis use is consistently associated with both increased incidence of frank psychotic disorders and acute exacerbations of psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals and people with psychosis spectrum disorders. Although there is uncertainty around causality, cannabis use may be one of a few modifiable risk factors for conversion to psychotic disorders in individuals with Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) syndromes, characterized by functionally impairing and distressing subthreshold psychotic symptoms. To date, few recommendations beyond abstinence to reduce adverse psychiatric events associated with cannabis use have been made. This narrative review synthesizes existing scientific literature on cannabis' acute psychotomimetic effects and epidemiological associations with psychotic disorders in both CHR-P and healthy individuals to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and practical mental health intervention. There is compelling evidence for cannabis acutely exacerbating psychotic symptoms in CHR-P, but its impact on conversion to psychotic disorder is unclear. Current evidence supports a harm reduction approach in reducing frequency of acute psychotic-like experiences, though whether such interventions decrease CHR-P individuals' risk of conversion to psychotic disorder remains unknown. Specific recommendations include reducing frequency of use, lowering delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content in favor of cannabidiol-only products, avoiding products with inconsistent potency like edibles, enhancing patient-provider communication about cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences, and utilizing a collaborative and individualized therapeutic approach. Despite uncertainty surrounding cannabis' causal association with psychotic disorders, cautious attempts to reduce acute psychosis risk may benefit CHR-P individuals uninterested in abstinence. Further research is needed to clarify practices associated with minimization of cannabis-related psychosis risk.
Per Nørgård's Tragic Vision: A Comparison of Gilgamesh (1972) and Nuit des hommes (1996)
Authors: Wiener Barry 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe operas of Per Nørgård (b. 1932) embody a search for hidden wisdom and spiritual transcendence characteristic of artists who came to maturity during the 1960s. Gilgamesh (1972) and Nuit des hommes (1996) can be perceived as mirror images that embody visions of universal harmony and discord, and of spiritual wholeness and disintegration. This article analyses Nørgård's use of mythic paradigms and Jungian archetypes to structure the operas. It also examines Nørgård's use of dialectical polarities, including creation and death, the human and the divine, and self and others. In particular, it discusses two concepts derived from the work of Joseph Campbell, the ‘hero's journey’ and the ‘cosmogonic cycle’, linking them to Jung's theory of individuation. While Gilgamesh embodies a successful realisation of the hero's journey, the characters in Nuit des hommes become directionless wayfarers in a hostile world.
Agreement and consistency in the triaging of musculoskeletal primary care referrals by vetting clinicians using a knowledge-based triage tool
Authors: Shorthouse F. M. , Griffin N. , McNicholas C. , Spahr N. , Jones G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Primary care referrals received by secondary care services are vetted or triaged to pathways best suited for patients’ needs. If knowledge-based triaging is used by vetting clinicians, accuracy is required to avoid incorrect decisions being made. With limited evidence to support best practice, we aimed to evaluate consistency across vetting clinicians’ decisions and their agreement with a criterion decision.

Methods:
Twenty-nine trained vetting clinicians (18 female) representative of pay grades independently triaged five musculoskeletal physiotherapy referral cases into one of 10 decisions using an internally developed triage tool. Agreement across clinicians’ decisions between and within cases was assessed using Fleiss’s kappa overall and within pay grade. Proportions of triage decisions consistent with criterion decisions were assessed using Cochran’s Q test.

Results:
Clinician agreement was fair for all cases (κ = 0.385) irrespective of pay grade but varied within clinical cases (κ = −0.014–0.786). Proportions of correct triage decisions were significantly different across cases [Q(4) = 33.80, P < 0.001] ranging from 17% to 83%.

Conclusions:
Agreement and consistency in decisions were variable using the tool. Ensuring referrer information is accurate is vital, as is developing, automating and auditing standards for certain referrals with clear pathways. But we argue that variable vetting outcomes might represent healthy pathway abundance and should not simply be automated in response to perceived inefficiencies.
A D F Installations
Authors: Creek P P 
Published: October 2023

The Automatic Direction Finder is a primary radio navigational aid, providing a pilot or operator with a direct indication of the relative bearing of any radio transmitter to which the equipment is tuned, normally in the band 150 to 1,800 Kc/sUsing a single transmitter the co-ordinates of which are known, a simple homing can be obtained and with the use of two or more transmitters it is possible to obtain a position fixTo this end small beacon transmitters are often installed at airfields Most homing procedures terminate with the passage of the aircraft over the top of the beacon and this is indicated by a reversal of the bearing indicator needle
The Development of the Skeeter Helicopter
Authors: Nisbet T D 
Published: October 2023

The CHAIRMAN, in introducing the Author, expressed pleasure in welcoming Mr NISBET who was a Founder Member of the Association and an Associate Fellow of The Royal Aeronautical SocietyMr Nisbet was educated at Glasgow Academy and the Royal Technical College, Glasgow He joined G & J Weir, at Cathcart, in 1936, as an apprentice and was engaged in the early development work on Autogiros and the first helicopters in this country He was for a short period Assistant Ground Engineer at Scottish Aviation, and for a further short period he was engaged as a junior draughtsman with Mr Hafner in the AR III Construction Company
The Programme of Development Testing for a Helicopter
Authors: Newbery T G G 
Published: October 2023

The Chairman, in opening the meeting, said he was very glad indeed to see so many members present at the first meeting of the new Session, especially as, some of them had, no doubt, been up half the previous night watching the television programme (to hear the election results)It was a pleasure to welcome tonight’s lecturer, Mr Newberry, who, since 1951, had been in charge of the rotorcraft work within the Directorate of Engine Research and Development at the Ministry of Supply Mr Newbery had obtained his B Sc degree in 1932 at London University with first-class honours in mechanical and civil engineering and his subsequent career included working in the Airworthiness Department at the Royal Aircraft Establishment and as Resident Technical Officer at de Havilland’s, Stag Lane Since 1942, he had been at Ministry headquarters, where he was responsible particularly for transmissions With his long experience of mechanical systems and in establishing requirements for both rotors and propellers, Mr Newbery was an authority on the subject of his lecture— “The Programme of Development Testing for a Helicopter”
A Historical Review of Helicopter Development
Authors: Liptrot R N. 
Published: October 2023

Before asking Gp/Capt Liptrot to give us his lecture a few words of introduction may not be out of place It would be difficult to think of anyone better qualified to talk on the subject of rotary wing history than Gp/Capt Liptrot, as he has been intimately associated with the development of this type of aircraft for the past 20 years, and latterly in his official capacity at the Air Ministry, Ministry of Aircraft Production, and Ministry of Supply It is probably correct to say that he has had inside knowledge of every project m this country as well as a good many abroadGp/Capt Liptrot is a member of our Association and his enthusiasm for rotary wing flight has shown itself in a practical way during the past two years during which time he has done quite a lot of solo flying on the R 4 helicopter
Introducing the “Franken‐Kiel” Carbonate Device: First Application to Δ47‐T Calibrations of Calcite and Dolomite
Authors: Fosu Benjamin R. , Jautzy Josué J. , Yong Wenjun , Secco Richard A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent interlaboratory efforts have enabled methodological refinements in carbonate clumped isotope geochemistry, including the adoption of a carbonate‐based reference frame, the InterCarb Carbon Dioxide Equilibration Scale (I‐CDES). This calcite‐based standardization scheme aims at simplifying sample preparatory routines and ensuring identical treatment for all standards and unknowns. While the I‐CDES is a major step forward for the production of coherent results by laboratories for calcite, two aspects of this reference frame may only approximate but not ensure the principle of identical treatment of standards and unknowns because (a) the 90°C‐acid digestion temperature favored by I‐CDES is not achievable by all analytical setups and (b) the clumped isotope systematics of other carbonate minerals, if reported within a calcite reference frame only, may introduce uncertainties. We present an upgraded Kiel IV carbonate device—the “Franken‐Kiel”—performing acid digestions up to a theoretical 135°C, an enhancement over the factory‐default temperature of 70°C. The optimized setup considerably reduces the reaction time needed for digesting samples and yields good precision on Δ47 (i.e., long‐term standard deviations of 0.027 and 0.005‰ for calcite and dolomite standards, respectively). We further re‐evaluated the Δ47‐T relationship for calcite and dolomite directly in the I‐CDES and showed consistency between the produced temperature calibration and previous calibrations for calcite. We propose a mineralogy correction for dolomite in the I‐CDES that allows to partially reconcile theory with experimentation. Overall, the Franken‐Kiel showed excellent performance and warrants further tests on more recalcitrant carbonates, such as siderite and magnesite at higher acidification temperatures.
Does Reconnection Only Occur at Points of Maximum Shear on Mercury's Dayside Magnetopause?
Authors: Zomerdijk‐Russell S. , Masters A. , Sun W. J. , Fear R. C. , Slavin J. A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMESSENGER observations of large numbers of flux transfer events (FTEs) during dayside crossings of Mercury's magnetopause have shown that the highly dynamic Hermean magnetosphere is strongly driven by frequent and intense magnetic reconnection. Since FTEs are products of reconnection, study of them can reveal information about whether reconnection sites favor points of maximum shear on the magnetopause. Here, we analyze 201 FTEs formed under relatively stable upstream solar wind conditions as observed by MESSENGER during inbound magnetopause crossings. By modeling paths of these FTEs along the magnetopause, we determine the conditions and locations of the reconnection sites at which these FTEs were likely formed. The majority of these FTE formation paths were found to intersect with high‐magnetic shear regions, defined as shear angles above 135°. Seven FTEs were found where the maximum shear angle possible between the reconnecting magnetic field lines was less than 80° and three of these had shear angles less than 70°, supporting the idea that very low‐shear reconnection could be occurring on Mercury's dayside magnetopause under this global‐scale picture of magnetic reconnection. Additionally, for the FTEs formed under these low‐shear reconnection conditions, tracing a dominant X‐line connecting points of maximum shear along the magnetopause that passes through a region of very low‐shear may be difficult to justify, implying reconnection could be occurring anywhere along Mercury's magnetopause and may not be confined to points of maximum shear.
Statistical Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variations of Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Kuroshio Region
Authors: Tokoro T. , Nakaoka S. , Takao S. , Saito S. , Sasano D. , Enyo K. , Ishii M. , Kosugi N. , Nojiri Y. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpatiotemporal variations in air‐sea CO2 fluxes in the Kuroshio region were evaluated using measurements made by voluntary cargo ships and research vessels. The data were re‐gridded to produce a 1° × 1° horizontal grid and 0.1‐year timesteps. Spatial clustering showed that the area north of approximately 30°N was the strongest atmospheric CO2 sink. The spatial differences were largest in winter and insignificant in summer. The oceanic CO2 uptake in the Kuroshio region increased from 2000 to 2019. Changes in the wind speed and total alkalinity affected the decadal increase in CO2 absorption. The spatial distributions of the air‐sea CO2 fluxes were affected by the Kuroshio large meander (KLM). This effect was likely caused by the change in seawater fCO2 via the change in the Kuroshio Extension Path during the KLM period. The Fourier regression technique used in the data analysis was expected to facilitate analyses of the carbonate system in coastal waters, where comprehensive on‐site measurements and satellite analyses are difficult.
The 10‐ to 30‐Day Intraseasonal Weather Process Associated With Wintertime PM2.5 Pollution in Eastern China
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Zhang Qiang , Liu Huan , Tao Hengrui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSevere PM2.5 pollution strikes winter eastern China, while its physical process associated with the atmospheric evolution from several days to weeks is not clear. This study uses weather types as intermediate agents between large‐scale atmospheric circulation and regional air pollution, to explore the whole circulation evolutionary chain related to wintertime PM2.5 pollution in eastern China. We extract objectively 6 weather types (WTs) for wintertime surface synoptic patterns in eastern China and analyze quantitatively the impacts of WTs on PM2.5 pollution. Then the preferred transitions between WTs are explored to explain potential weather process. We find a most frequently recurring circulation evolution corresponding to Mongolia high pressure that stretches southward to eastern China, referred as the WTs transition of YSH− > BLH− > MH, with PM2.5 increased in North China and dissipated as the high pressure moves southward. Further to establish intraseasonal connections between large‐scale circulation and regional synoptic patterns, several leading evolutionary chains are discovered among tropical Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), extratropical teleconnections, and WTs of eastern China at an extended period. The positive or negative phase of teleconnections can indicate the WTs change 4–10 days in advance, while MJO further extends that indicative effect to 10–15 days. The intraseasonal oscillations of teleconnections such as conventional Eurasia, Scandinavia, Arctic Oscillation, Polar/Eurasia, Western Pacific and East Atlantic are associated with the transition of YSH− > BLH− > MH, and MJO may act as a precursor of teleconnection phases to extend effectively the prediction time for surface weather conditions and air pollution in eastern China.
Mesoscale Eddy Modulation of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Layers in the South China Sea
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Wang Guifen , Cheng Xuhua , Xing Xiaogang , Qin Jianhuang , Zhou Guidi , Jiang Long , Chen Bingzhang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSubsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layers contribute considerably to the integrated biomass of the water column and can be strongly modulated by mesoscale eddies that are ubiquitous in the global ocean. The mechanisms of eddy‐induced surface chlorophyll concentration have been extensively examined in the South China Sea (SCS). However, the potential impact of mesoscale eddies on SCM layers remains unclear. We examined the influence of mesoscale eddies on the depth, thickness and magnitude of SCM layers in the SCS using output from an eddy‐permitting biological–physical coupled model over a 22‐year period. Our study shows that nutrient distribution is largely driven by eddy dynamics, with cyclonic eddies enhancing the supply of inorganic nutrients in the upper layers by uplifting the thermocline, and downward displacement of the thermocline in anticyclonic eddies, reducing the nutrient supply into the euphotic zone from the depth. We found that anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are responsible for increased (decreased) SCM depth and decreased (increased) SCM magnitude; SCM thickness decreased in cyclonic eddies but slightly increased in anticyclonic eddies. The effects of mesoscale eddies depend on eddy amplitude. Maximal anomalies in depth, thickness and magnitude always occur near the center of eddies. Phytoplankton community structure at SCM layers is also affected by eddies, with more diatoms in cyclonic eddies and more coccolithophores in anticyclonic eddies. Our study will advance our understanding of mesoscale physical–biogeochemical interactions.
Retreatment rates and postprocedural complications are higher than expected after BPH surgeries: a US healthcare claims and utilization study
Authors: Kaplan Steve , Kaufman Ronald P. , Mueller Thomas , Elterman Dean , Chughtai Bilal , Rukstalis Daniel , Woo Henry , Roehrborn Claus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Up to 50% of men over 50 and 80% over 80 are affected by BPH. Shared decision-making regarding BPH treatment options can benefit from an improved understanding of relative risks and benefits for various treatments.

Methods
Data for this longitudinal retrospective population-based cohort study were obtained from a random sample of US Medicare and commercial claims (IBM Watson MarketScan) and restricted to men undergoing BPH surgery (TURP, PVP, PUL, WVTT) from 2015 to 2021 across all sites of service. Retreatments included Holmium laser enucleation and index procedures. Main outcomes were rates of retreatment and procedural complications over 1 year, identified via CPT and ICD-9/10CM codes. Procedural complications that occurred at least 1 day post-index treatment were assessed, as were surgical retreatments with patients who had at least 1 and 5 year’s-worth of data. Baseline phenotype characterization did not control for symptomatology and was limited to age, comorbidities, and BMI. Univariate cumulative incidence estimates, cumulative proportion and log-rank tests justified inclusion for covariate (e.g., age, comorbidities) adjustment in Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
43,147 men diagnosed with BPH underwent 22,629 TURP, 11,392 PVP, 7,529 PUL, and 1,597 WVTT. At 1-year post-index: PUL was associated with the lowest rate of complication (PUL 15%, TURP 17%; PVP 19%, ; WVTT 26%); retreatment rates were not different (TURP 5.3%, PVP 5.3%, PUL 5.9%, WVTT 6.2%). At 5 years post-index: retreatment was lowest for TURP (7.0%) and was not significantly different between PVP and PUL (8.9% and 11.6%, respectively).

Conclusions
Real-world patients diagnosed with BPH may be selected to undergo one of the various available therapies based on patient preference or baseline phenotype. These therapies, however, are associated with different risks for complications. The results of this study suggest that within one year of BPH surgery, one-in-twenty patients may require retreatment regardless of treatment choice, and for some technologies as many as one-in-four may require treatment for a complication.
Supporting gut health with medicinal cannabis in people with advanced cancer: potential benefits and challenges
Authors: Wardill Hannah R. , Wooley Luke T. , Bellas Olivia M. , Cao Katrina , Cross Courtney B. , van Dyk Madele , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Bowen Joanne M. , Zannettino Andrew C. W. , Shakib Sepehr , Crawford Gregory B. , Boublik Jaroslav , Davis Mellar M. , Smid Scott D. , Price Timothy J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe side effects of cancer therapy continue to cause significant health and cost burden to the patient, their friends and family, and governments. A major barrier in the way in which these side effects are managed is the highly siloed mentality that results in a fragmented approach to symptom control. Increasingly, it is appreciated that many symptoms are manifestations of common underlying pathobiology, with changes in the gastrointestinal environment a key driver for many symptom sequelae. Breakdown of the mucosal barrier (mucositis) is a common and early side effect of many anti-cancer agents, known to contribute (in part) to a range of highly burdensome symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, infection, malnutrition, fatigue, depression, and insomnia. Here, we outline a rationale for how, based on its already documented effects on the gastrointestinal microenvironment, medicinal cannabis could be used to control mucositis and prevent the constellation of symptoms with which it is associated. We will provide a brief update on the current state of evidence on medicinal cannabis in cancer care and outline the potential benefits (and challenges) of using medicinal cannabis during active cancer therapy.