bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of cAMP and oxidative phosphorylation‐related lncRNAs in non‐functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Nicknam Amir , Bagan Atena , Eslami Solat , Rakhshan Azadeh , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon‐functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are benign lesions in the pituitary gland with important morbidities. In this study, based on a bioinformatics analysis to identify the genes and pathways that display significant differences between tumour tissues of NFPA patients and normal pituitary tissues, we selected lncRNAs related to cAMP and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, namely DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and SLC25A5‐AS1. Then, we aimed to investigate by means of RT‐qPCR, the expression of these lncRNAs along with two other lncRNAs, namely CADM3‐AS1 and MIR7‐3HG in NFPA samples compared to that in healthy tissues adjacent to the tumours. Transcripts of DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and MIR7‐3HG were lower in NFPA samples compared with controls (Expression ratios (95% CI) = 0.43 (0.23–0.78), 0.58 (0.35–0.96) and 0.58 (0.35–0.96); p‐values = 0.009, 0.025 and 0.036, respectively). AUC values of ROC curves of DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and MIR7‐3HG were 0.62, 0.61 and 0.62, respectively. Expression of CADM3‐AS1 was associated with the gender of patients in a way that it was lower in female patients (p‐value = 0.04). The level of SLC25A5‐AS1 was lower in subjects with disease duration lower than 1 year (p‐value = 0.048). We showed dysregulation of three lncRNAs in NFPA tissues and potentiates these lncRNAs as important regulators of pathogenic events in these tumours.
Measuring law's normative force
Authors: Cope Kevin L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn important question in legal theory and policy is when people are willing to put aside their policy preferences to uphold higher‐order legal values. That is, when does constitutional or international law, for instance, have “normative force”? Around two‐dozen experimental studies have attempted to measure this question empirically, but their designs contain an inherent limitation. While they are interested in gauging the effect of internalizing a norm, they measure only the effect of exposure to that norm. This is significant because subjects in the treatment group whose priors are strongly contrary to the treatment message on the legality of a policy may effectively be “treatment resistant”: it is difficult to successfully treat them because their prior beliefs on the issue are entrenched; as a result, they simply do not believe the treatment message. This treatment failure attenuates any effects, and where a significant portion of the treatment and/or control group is not successfully treated, the results will be biased toward small, null, or even backfire findings. This article first formally models the mechanism underlying experiments on law's normative force. I then demonstrate a methodological solution to the problem of treatment resistance. By using the experimental treatment as an instrumental variable and employing a post‐treatment treatment‐uptake test, the researcher can estimate the causal effect of the real explanatory variable of interest: sincerely holding a belief about a policy's higher‐order lawfulness. Using new data from a 2022 survey experiment conducted on US residents, I illustrate this method for three constitutional or international law issues. The theoretical and empirical results together suggest that backfire effects documented by some studies do not reflect a tepid or negative response against the legal source per se, but rather reflect treatment resistance. These findings suggest that we should re‐evaluate the existing body of experimental studies on law's normative force, and they should prompt researchers to reconsider how we conduct future research in this domain.
Masking capacity of minimally invasive lithium disilicate restorations on discolored teeth—The impact of ceramic thickness, the material's translucency, and the cement color
Authors: Pala Kevser , Reinshagen Eva Maria , Attin Thomas , Hüsler Jürg , Jung Ronald E. , Ioannidis Alexis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate minimally invasive restorations' capacity to mask discolored teeth and explore the impact of ceramic thickness, translucency, and cement color.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four assessment pairs of naturally colored and discolored bovine dentin samples were formed, using lithium disilicate specimens in six different thicknesses (0.3–0.8 mm), two different translucencies (high, low), and two cements (transparent, tooth‐colored). Evaluators assessed the color differences in each assessment pair, and the threshold for detecting a color difference was determined using sequential testing and the Bonferroni‐Holm method.ResultsA thickness of 0.6 mm effectively masked color differences using high translucent ceramic with transparent cement, detectable differences were still observed at 0.7/0.8 mm. A threshold thickness of 0.4 mm was seen using high translucent ceramic and tooth‐colored cement, with color differences still discernible at 0.5 and 0.8 mm. A threshold thickness of 0.4 mm was detected using low translucent ceramic and transparent cement, while detectable differences persisted at 0.5, 0.7, and 0.8 mm. A 0.5 mm threshold thickness was observed when using low translucent ceramic and tooth‐colored cement, and no detectable color differences were detected beyond this thickness.ConclusionsMasking can be achieved with a thickness of 0.4–0.5 mm using a low translucent material and tooth‐colored cement.Clinical SignificanceUnderstanding the impact of ceramic thickness, translucency, and cement color can aid clinicians in making informed decisions for achieving the best esthetic outcomes while preserving tooth structure. Effective masking can be accomplished with ceramic thicknesses starting at 0.4 mm, especially when employing a low translucent material and tooth‐colored cement. However, clinicians should be aware that discolorations may still be detectable in certain scenarios when using minimally invasive lithium disilicate restorations.
Upside‐down swimming: in situ observations of inverted orientation in Gigantactis, with a new depth record for the Ceratioidei
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Pietsch Theodore W. , Moore Jon , Peng Xiaotong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis note reports on eight observations of inverted swimming behavior by species of ceratioid whipnose anglerfishes in the genus Gigantactis, from the Caribbean, tropical east Atlantic, tropical western Indian Ocean, the north‐east and north‐west Pacific and south‐west Pacific. It covers four putative species and strongly suggests that this is the normal behavior for the genus. A possible reason is briefly discussed. In addition, a new depth record of 5866 m for the ceratioid anglerfish is recorded.
Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
Authors: McAllister Mia , Fraser Shaun , Henry Lea‐Anne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElasmobranchs are facing global decline, and so there is a pressing need for research into their populations to inform effective conservation and management strategies. Little information exists on the population ecology of skate species around the British Isles, presenting an important knowledge gap that this study aimed to reduce. The population ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland, was investigated in two habitats: inshore (50–150 m deep) and shallow coastal (20–50 m deep), from 2011 to 2022, and 2017 to 2022, respectively. Using trawl survey data from the annual Shetland Inshore Fish Survey, the size composition of R. clavata catches was compared between shallow and inshore habitats across 157 trawl sets, and 885 individuals, over the years 2017–2022. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of R. clavata was significantly higher in shallow than that in inshore areas (ANOVA, F = 72.52, df = 1, 5, p < 0.001). Size composition also significantly differed between the two habitats (analysis of similarities, R = 0.96, p = 0.002), with R. clavata being smaller in shallow areas and juveniles (<60 cm) occurring more frequently. Spatial distribution maps confirmed density hotspots of juveniles in shallow habitats, with repeated use of certain locations consistent over time. The results of this study provide the first evidence for R. clavata using shallow areas for potential nurseries in Shetland, which can inform the IUCN's Important Shark and Ray Area process. Furthermore, this study provides important new population ecology information for R. clavata around Shetland, which may have important conservation implications and be valuable for informing species and fisheries stock assessments in this region.
Lufenuron treatment temporarily represses gene expression and affects the SUMO pathway in liver of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Olsvik Pål A. , Brokke Kristine E. , Samuelsen Ole B. , Hannisdal Rita 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLufenuron is a benzoylurea insecticide currently in use to combat sea lice infestation in salmon aquaculture in Chile. With pending approval in Norway, the aim of this work was to study the uptake and toxicity of lufenuron in liver tissue of Atlantic salmon. Juvenile salmon weighing 40 g were given a standard 7‐day oral dose, and bioaccumulation and transcriptional responses in the liver were examined 1 day after the end‐of‐treatment (day 8) and after 1 week of elimination (day 14). Bioaccumulation levels of lufenuron were 29 ± 3 mg/kg at day 8 and 14 ± 1 mg/kg at day 14, indicating relatively rapid clearance. However, residues of lufenuron were still present in the liver after 513 days of depuration. The exposure gave a transient inhibition of transcription in the liver at day 8 (2437 significant DEGs, p‐adj < .05), followed by a weaker compensatory response at day 14 (169 significant DEGs). Pathways associated with RNA metabolism such as the sumoylation pathway were most strongly affected at day 8, while the apelin pathway was most profoundly affected at day 14. In conclusion, this study shows that lufenuron easily bioaccumulates and that a standard 7‐day oral dose induces a transient inhibition of transcription in liver of salmon.
Toward a pulp criminology: The Vee Brown and Needle Mike series
Authors: Yan Zi‐Ling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe detective/crime pulp series Vee Brown (Carroll John Daly) and Needle Mike (William E. Barrett) incorporate elements of contemporaneous criminological theory into their narratives as explanatory devices for social deviance. Initially, they align themselves along the dominant etiological divide of the 1920s and 1930s: intrinsic tendencies versus environmental factors, respectively. Over the course of individual stories and series arcs, internal contradictions arise in the representations of these positions, which are resolved, to some degree, in the contemporaneous anomie theory of Robert Merton. The protagonists' idiosyncratic engagement with the popular arts—Tin Pan Alley music and tattooing—becomes the metaphoric vehicle to reframe the individual/milieu conflict in terms of institutional inscriptions of individuals more constructivist than purely functionalist in nature.
The drivers of dark diversity in the Scandinavian mountains are metric‐dependent
Authors: Hostens Lore , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Wiegmans Dymphna , Larson Keith , Lenoir Jonathan , Clavel Jan , Wedegärtner Ronja , Pirée Amber , Nijs Ivan , Lembrechts Jonas J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuestionDark diversity refers to the set of species that are not observed in an area but could potentially occur based on suitable local environmental conditions. In this paper, we applied both niche‐based and co‐occurrence‐based methods to estimate the dark diversity of vascular plant species in the subarctic mountains. We then aimed to unravel the drivers explaining (a) why some locations were missing relatively more suitable species than others, and (b) why certain plant species were more often absent from suitable locations than others.LocationThe Scandinavian mountains around Abisko, northern Sweden.MethodsWe calculated the dark diversity in 107 plots spread out across four mountain trails using four different methods: two co‐occurrence‐based (Beals’ index and the hypergeometric method) and two niche‐based (the climatic niche model and climatic niche model followed by species‐specific threshold). We then applied multiple Generalized Linear Mixed‐Effects Models and General Linear Models to determine which habitat characteristics and species traits contributed the most to dark diversity.ResultsThe study showed a notable divergence in the predicted drivers of dark diversity depending on the method used. Nevertheless, we can conclude that plot‐level dark diversity was generally 17% higher in areas at low elevations and 31% higher in areas with a low species richness.ConclusionOur findings call for caution when interpreting statistical findings of dark‐diversity estimates. Even so, all analyses point toward an important role for natural processes such as competitive dominance as the main driver of the spatial patterns found in dark diversity in the northern Scandes.
Nationalist secessionism and global order: A comparison of the dynamics and impact of secession movements in Africa and Europe
Authors: Paalo Sebastian Angzoorokuu , Adu‐Gyamfi Samuel , Arthur Dominic Degraft 
Published: November 2023

AbstractScholars generally argue that nationalism and secessionism pose important dilemmas for national, regional and global order. Yet, there is inadequate discussion on the varied contexts of nationalist secessionist movements and how they influence or are influenced by domestic and global forces. Addressing this concern, this article undertakes a three‐case comparison of the Western Togoland separatist movement in Ghana, Southwest and Northwest (Anglophone) Cameroon's secessionist movement and the movement for independent Catalonia in Spain. These dissimilar cases—both from Global South and North—enable a broader examination of how themes such as political history, state capacity and regional/continental organisations affect nationalist‐induced secessionist movements and the measures to address them. Using a thematic comparative approach, this article examines the relevant literature on secessionism, nationalism, regionalism and cognate fields to demonstrate that the dynamics and consequence of secessionist movements depend largely on four interwoven factors: (a) the internal organisation and support for the nationalists' course, (b) state capacity to handle uprisings, (c) political conditions and conflict context of neighbouring countries and (d) interest and (re)actions of regional bodies and international allies. The comparative approach thus offers nuance, illustrating the critical angles of variations and intersections in secessionist movements and the effect on global order.
Adjunctive brexpiprazole 1 mg and 2 mg daily for Japanese patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: a phase 2/3, randomized, double‐blind (BLESS) study
Authors: Kato Masaki , Shiosakai Masako , Kuwahara Kazuo , Iba Katsuhiro , Shimada Yuki , Saito Mizuki , Isogai Yuki , Sekine Daisuke , Aoki Kazuo , Koga Nobuyuki , Higuchi Teruhiko 
Published: November 2023

AimsInadequate antidepressant response interrupts effective treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The BLESS study evaluates the dosage, efficacy, and safety of brexpiprazole adjunctive therapy in Japanese patients with inadequate antidepressant therapy (ADT) response.MethodsThis placebo‐controlled, randomized, multicenter, parallel‐group phase 2/3 study randomized Japanese MDD patients (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17‐item total score ≥ 14; historical inadequate response to 1–3 ADTs) with inadequate response to 8‐week single‐blind, prospective SSRI/SNRI treatment to 6‐week adjunctive treatment with brexpiprazole 1 mg, 2 mg, or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from baseline. Secondary endpoints included MADRS response, remission rate, and Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement score. Safety was comprehensively evaluated, especially regarding antipsychotic adverse events (AEs).ResultsOf 1194 screened patients, 740 were randomized and 736 (1 mg, n = 248; 2 mg, n = 245; placebo, n = 243) had ≥1 baseline/post‐baseline MADRS total score. The LSM (SE) change from baseline in MADRS total score at Week 6 by MMRM analysis was −8.5 (0.47) with brexpiprazole 1 mg, −8.2 (0.47) with brexpiprazole 2 mg, and −6.7 (0.47) with placebo (placebo‐adjusted LSM difference [95% CI]: 1 mg, −1.7 [−3.0, −0.4]; P = 0.0089; 2 mg, −1.4 [−2.7, −0.1]; P = 0.0312). Secondary efficacy results supported the primary endpoint. Brexpiprazole was generally well tolerated.ConclusionBrexpiprazole 1 mg daily was an appropriate starting dose and both 1 mg and 2 mg daily were effective and well tolerated as adjunctive therapy for Japanese MDD patients not adequately responsive to ADT.
A high level of genetic divergence between Exserohilum turcicum populations from maize and sorghum in Henan province of China revealed by SSR markers
Authors: Cui Linkai , Zhao Linxi , Fang Yufeng , Hu Yanhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExserohilum turcicum is the causative agent of northern leaf blight of maize and sorghum. Although host specificity of E. turcicum has been observed from isolates collected from maize and sorghum, limited molecular evidence has been presented so far for the formation of formae speciales. In this study, 15 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to study genetic diversity and population structure of 60 E. turcicum isolates from maize and sorghum in Henan province of China. A total of 54 haplotypes were identified from all isolates, in which 29 haplotypes were unique to the maize population and 25 were unique to the sorghum population. The phylogenetic tree showed that 60 isolates were clustered into two genetic groups; Group I consisted of 30 isolates from sorghum and Group II consisted of 30 isolates from maize. The formation of two groups was also supported by the result of principal component analysis. The analysis of population structure indicated that the main source of genetic compositions was completely different between the maize and sorghum populations. The fixation index (FST) and gene flow (Nm) between the two populations were 0.184 and 1.111, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that 27% and 73% of the total variation were distributed between and within the two populations, respectively. These findings reveal a high level of genetic divergence between E. turcicum populations associated with maize and sorghum and advance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying host specificity of E. turcicum.
Parent‐child relationship buffers the impact of maternal psychological control on aggression in temperamentally surgent children
Authors: Sun Yao , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Hart Craig H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChildren's temperamental surgency is associated with later child behavioral problems. However, the underlying mechanisms linking child surgency and child aggression, such as negative parental control, are relatively understudied. Moreover, the potential protective effect of a close parent‐child relationship on these associations remains untested, particularly among non‐White families. Participants included 259 Chinese American preschoolers (Mage = 4.5 years, SD = .9 years, 50% girls) and their mothers (Mage = 37.9 years, SD = 4.7 years), the present study examined the moderating effects of parent‐child relationship quality on the association between mother‐rated child surgency and teacher‐rated child aggression as mediated by maternal psychological control. Overall, results showed that child surgency was linked positively to maternal psychological control, which, in turn, led to higher levels of child aggression six months later, but only when the parent‐child relationship quality was less optimal. These findings indicate that psychological control is one underlying mechanism linking child temperament and child maladjustment, and that parent‐child relationship quality is an important protective factor. Findings also expand an existing theoretical framework by explicating how these variables are applicable to an Asian American population, suggesting the critical buffering role that parent‐child relationship quality plays. The study findings inform efforts to mitigate the potential negative effect of psychological control in reducing childhood aggression.
Integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert: Neuorientierungen bei der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China
Authors: Ge Nannan , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstraktIn den letzten Jahren haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen für die Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China verändert und die deutsche Sprache hat dort einen weiteren Aufschwung genommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund lassen sich drei Neuorientierungen feststellen, die wir mit den Schlüsselworten integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert beschreiben. Es liegt daran, dass das Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache bei der dynamischen Entwicklung den Ansprüchen der Wissenschaftlichkeit, der Berufsbezogenheit, den gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen sowie der individuellen Entwicklung in der Bildung und Ausbildung gerecht werden muss und diese drei in ein ausgeglichenes Verhältnis gebracht werden müssen. Zudem steht die Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China vor einigen Herausforderungen: die Profilierung des Deutschstudiums an Universitäten, die Kontinuität des Deutschlernens im Übergang von Schulen zu Universitäten und die Förderung der Digitalisierung in Lehre und Forschung. Man kann eine erweiterte und verstärkte Kooperation zwischen China, den deutschsprachigen Ländern und anderen Ländern, wo Deutsch als Fremdsprache gefördert wird, auch im Bereich der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache voraussehen.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals the roles of purple acid phosphatases in organic phosphorus utilization by the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis
Authors: Luo Jiajia , Chen Zhijian , Huang Rui , Wu Yuanhang , Liu Chun , Cai Zeping , Dong Rongshu , Arango Jacobo , Rao Idupulapati Madhusudana , Schultze‐Kraft Rainer , Liu Guodao , Liu Pandao 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYStylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume known for its exceptional tolerance to low phosphate (Pi), a trait believed to be linked to its high acid phosphatase (APase) activity. Previous studies have observed genotypic variations in APase activity in stylo; however, the gene encoding the crucial APase responsible for this variation remains unidentified. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were employed to identify eight Pi starvation‐inducible (PSI) APases belonging to the purple APase (PAP) family in the roots of stylo and seven in the leaves. Among these PSI‐PAPs, SgPAP7 exhibited a significantly positive correlation in its expression levels with the activities of both internal APase and root‐associated APase across 20 stylo genotypes under low‐Pi conditions. Furthermore, the recombinant SgPAP7 displayed high catalytic activity toward adenosine 5′‐diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in vitro. Overexpression (OE) of SgPAP7 in Arabidopsis facilitated exogenous organic phosphorus utilization. Moreover, SgPAP7 OE lines showed lower shoot ADP and PEP levels than the wild type, implying that SgPAP7 is involved in the catabolism and recycling of endogenous ADP and PEP, which could be beneficial for plant growth in low‐Pi soils. In conclusion, SgPAP7 is a key gene with a major role in stylo adaptation to low‐Pi conditions by facilitating the utilization of both exogenous and endogenous organic phosphorus sources. It may also function as a PEP phosphatase involved in a glycolytic bypass pathway that minimizes the need for adenylates and Pi. Thus, SgPAP7 could be a promising target for improving tolerance of crops to low‐Pi availability.