bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization strategies for electron transport layer aiming at high efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Chunyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, the demand to find substantially renewable energy is increasing while perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most hopeful technologies to fulfill all the requirements. Therefore, the PSCs have already been the hottest domains in the photovoltaic research field, because of their excellent performance and low cost of raw materials and manufacture. To increase the performance of PSCs, lots of efforts on each functional layer of the PSCs have been spent, in which the optimization for the electron transport layer (ETL) is of great help to the improvement of PSCs. In this review, several strategies of optimization for the ETL were discussed, including interfacial engineering, bilayer ETL, elemental doping, manufacture crafts, and trap states passivation engineering. The functional bilayers were found quite important for power` conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement, as interfacial tuning and trap state manipulating could be readily achieved. Our works could provide valuable guidance for further PCE optimization.
Strain-modulated band structure and high harmonic generations in two-dimensional MoS2
Authors: Sun Yuchen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) condensed matter is a material that is restricted in one direction while being periodic in the other. Since the restricted size of 2D materials is comparable to the wavelength of electrons, a quantum confinement effect may occur. Moreover, the absence of periodicity provides weak screening in 2D materials, which brings novel physical properties such as the quantum well, which is widely applied in quantum information, and the fine absorption structures in graphene. Among the 2D materials, the monolayer transition metal chalcogenides represented by MoS2 have attracted wide attention due to the direct band gap in the visible light region (1.8 eV) and valley polarizations, which are prospective for solar cells as well as photoelectric devices. High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a strong non-linear process during which a high-energy laser impulse is applied to materials and high-harmonic radiations are yielded. As a typical ultrafast dynamic, HHG has important applications in laser generation, such as EUV lithographic metrology and high-resolution coherent imaging. According to the Bloch oscillation model, HHG is highly dependent on band structure. Here, we report the strain-dependent HHG dynamics in MoS2. Further investigation reveals that the strain-dependence of HHG is caused by band modulation under different strains, which is dominant during HHG. Our research sheds light on ways to achieve effective modulations in ultrafast dynamics, implying an all-optical measurement band structure in strained materials.
The mechanism and application of chitin and chitosan
Authors: Wu Huiruo , Yi Tianyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chitin is an important raw material for making chitosan and glucosamine series products. Chitin and its ramifications have important applications in medicine, chemical industry, healthy food and so on, which makes it have broad application prospects. Chitosan is the product of natural polysaccharide chitin, which has a variety of physiological functions such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bacteriostasis, anti-cancer and many other fields and daily-use chemical industry. This review summarizes chitin and chitosan’s structures, synthetic processes in insects and their ramifications’ applications in different fields.
Research Progress of Drilling and Completion Fluid Loss Model in Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Wang Jinchang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Well loss and its accompanying reservoir damage is a common and serious problem, which not only greatly restricts the economic benefit, but also seriously affects the correct evaluation of reservoir oil and gas resources in the early stage of exploration. With the exploration and development of deep Marine carbonate oil and gas resources, fracture leakage has gradually become a frontier and hot issue to be studied urgently. Foreign scholars began to study the leakage model of fractured reservoir in the 1990s, but at present, domestic scholars mainly focus on the clastic rock model, focusing on the plugging technology and plugging materials, while ignoring the importance of the dynamic development of the leakage indirectly reflecting the leakage type and the size of the leakage channel. This paper comprehensively analyses the effects of drilling completion fluid rheology, fracture opening variation, fracture wall filtration and other factors on well loss from the time sequence of the establishment of the leakage model, summarizes the research progress of the mathematical model of leakage in fractured reservoirs, and proposes to pay attention to and strengthen the monitoring of the leakage mechanism and the dynamic process of leakage, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rapid diagnosis of leakage types and the optimization of leakage control.
Spatial multiplexing encryption with cascaded metasurfaces
Authors: Fan Zhixiang , Jia Yuetian , Chen Hongsheng , Qian Chao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed rapid progresses in information encryption by harnessing different dimensions of light, yet, pushing the capacity of encrypted information is an endless goal. Meta-holographic encryption introduces an efficient method in optical information encryption. Here, we propose a spatial multiplexing encryption technique using cascaded metasurfaces, allowing multiple users to simultaneously access independent encryption information. By employing cascaded metasurfaces, cipher images and corresponding decryption keys can be transferred to unique spatial hologram coordinates for each user, ensuring secure identification of encrypted information. We demonstrate the feasibility of six encrypted channels and analyze the sensitivity to holography spatial location, revealing a low correlation among different channels. Our findings highlight the potential of cascaded metasurfaces in spatial multiplexing encryption, paving the way for high-volume optical information encryption.
The effect of distance on risk perception towards waste incineration plants: a comparison between local residents living within 0–3 km versus 3–8 km in Dongguan, Southern China
Authors: Zhang Lizhou , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWaste incineration is becoming the dominant method of waste disposal globally, including in China. Local residents are concerned about the potential negative impacts of waste incineration plants (WIPs) on their environment and health. This study aimed to measure the differences of risk perception of local residents living within 0–3 km versus those living 3–8 km distant from a WIP and explore other factors associated with risk perception. A cross-sectional study was conducted in communities surrounding three municipal WIPs in Dongguan, China. Of 881 residents randomly selected, 454 lived within 0–3 km and 427 lived 3–8 km from their local WIP. Differences in risk perception between the two groups and factors associated with risk perception were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Seventy percent of the residents reported a high overall risk perception towards the WIPs. Overall risk perceptions, perceived health effects, and psychological stress domains were not significantly different between those living within 0–3 km and 3–8 km groups after adjusting for other variables. The effect of distance on risk perception was modified by social trust, as the study found that those in the 0–3 km group having low social trust had significantly higher risk perception. Gender, marital status, housing type, and duration of residence were independently associated with risk perception. Social trust is an important factor in alleviating the residents’ risk perceptions towards a WIP, and is further affected by the distance from the WIP. It is essential for WIP governors to provide accurate information about WIPs to their residents along with good quality control.
Impact of different kinds of biomass mixtures on combustion performance, interaction and synergistic effects in cofiring of coal and biomass in steam power plants
Authors: Soleh Mochamad , Ahmad Azaria Haykal , Juangsa Firman Bagja , Darmanto Prihadi Setyo , Pasek Ari Darmawan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The cofiring of biomass and coal may be one of the most effective methods to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to investigate combustion performance, interaction and synergistic effects in the cofiring of coal and three types of biomass. Blended fuel consisting of coal and three types of biomass such as sawdust, rice husk and solid recovery fuel was selected as the research object. Ultimate and proximate analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis with heating rates of between 10°C and 40°C/minute are used to analyse combustion characteristics. Simulation of combustion in a 600-MWe steam power plant with a Carolina-type boiler is also carried out with the help of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis to see the effect of the interaction and synergy of the mixed fuel on the performance of the steam generator. The effect on the combustion process in the combustion chamber of a steam power plant is also simulated. Based on the analysis of several test results of parameters such as ignition temperature, burnout temperature, calorific value of the fuel mixtures as well as CFD simulation, the results of the study show a strong indication of a positive synergy in mixing some of these biomasses as compared with a fuel mixture consisting only of coal and one type of biomass. Practically no power derating of the boiler occurs until the biomass content in the fuel mixture is ~30% on a mass basis. The reduction in greenhouse gas emissions also appears significant from the results of the CFD simulation of this study, which is characterized by a decrease in the fraction of CO2 in flue gas from 21.5% for coal alone as fuel to 15.9% in the case of cofiring excluding the CO2 attributed to the biomass.
Myocardial infarction and haemorrhagic stroke as a rare presentation of acute aortic dissection: a fatal case report
Authors: Lasa-Berasain Pablo , Salas Pablo Raposo , Azparren Edurne Erice , Sanz Eva Regidor 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an extremely severe condition, having a high risk of mortality. Initial diagnosis can be deceptive, especially in patients with other confounding presentations.

Case summary
We present the case of a 60-year-old male with a history of endovascular aortic repair for abdominal aortic dissection, in whom a diagnosis of AAD was made, but almost missed, after he presented with stroke signs and left coronary myocardial infarction. Thorough clinical evaluation and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) were fundamental to the diagnosis of the underlying condition, which showed the intimal flap in the ascending aorta, aortic insufficiency, and a dissected left common carotid artery. The diagnosis was confirmed with a head and thoracic computed tomography scan, which also showed bilateral haemorrhagic strokes. Treatment options can be limited in patients with AAD with associated complications. After a careful multidisciplinary evaluation, life-sustaining therapy was withdrawn and the patient passed away.

Discussion
Our case depicts the diagnosis challenge presented by patients with AAD. We emphasize the importance of clinical suspicion and POCUS examination for the diagnosis of the underlying condition, as it is frequently missed during first evaluation. We discuss the available literature regarding the prevalence and described mechanisms by which AAD can associate occlusion myocardial infarction, which more commonly involves the right coronary artery, as well as haemorrhagic stroke. We briefly mention management options, which are limited and controversial.
Delving into vaccine hesitancy through multicentre studies: VAX-TRUST and INF-ACT projects’ insights
Authors: Lo Moro G , Bert F , Odone A , De Vito C , Carta M , Langiano E , Ferrara M , Vuolanto P , De Vito E , Siliquini R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a wide and varied phenomenon and represents a challenge for healthcare professionals (HCPs), who may encounter obstacles in building trusting relationships with parents and patients. Depicting the multifaceted aspects of hesitancy and finding effective tools that could help HCPs in addressing this issue are major public health priorities. This presentation will provide insights about two multicentre research initiatives that aim to respond to these needs. The “VAX-TRUST - Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in Europe” project (funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 965280) involves several institutions across Finland, Belgium, Poland, the Czech Republic, Italy, Portugal, and the UK. One of the goals of VAX-TRUST is to assist HCPs in dealing with hesitancy by implementing tailored interventions, specific for each target region. The process of development of interventions, starting from data supporting the planning up to the final intervention framework, will be discussed. The INF-ACT project (Next Generation EU funding within the MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Project no. PE00000007) is a multicentre collaboration including universities and institutions throughout Italy. Within this project, the EPI-MOD node will contribute to realize novel monitoring methods to gather information on human behaviours during outbreaks and evaluate vaccine hesitancy levels and determinants. Among the main objectives, EPI-MOD will examine features and applications of immunization registries and will delve into vaccine hesitancy through a broad Italian nationwide survey, profiling subgroups of population at high risk for vaccine hesitancy.
Overall, the results of these two large projects will allow to integrate novel data into information for action by identifying interventions that could be used to support HCPs and vulnerable groups that may require additional attention.
Mhealth tools for community-based infectious disease surveillance in Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Aku F , Amuasi J H , Debrah L B , Opoku D , Gmanyami J M , Debrah A Y , Hoerauf A , Quentin W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Community-based surveillance may encourage early detection of outbreaks and other health threats. Mobile digital tools for health (mHealth) can potentially support the role of community health workers (CHW) in disease surveillance. However, limited information is available on mhealth use by CHW for infectious disease surveillance in Africa. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of available mhealth tools used by CHW for community-based infectious disease surveillance in Africa.

Methods
The scoping review protocol was registered in OSF registries (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/W7MTY). We followed a mixed-methods approach in line with the framework of Arksey and O'Malley amended by Levac et al. and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Google and websites of relevant organizations for peer-reviewed and grey literature. Search terms included a range of synonyms for the three concepts of (1) mhealth, (2) CHW and (3) Africa. Reports were included if they reported on mHealth tools used by CHW for infectious disease surveillance in Africa.

Results
We identified 2,496 titles during our search but only 7 met our inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in Tanzania, Zambia, Nigeria, Malawi, Kenya and Ghana, and focused on one or more diseases or symptoms: Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), COVID-19 and cough with fast respiratory rate. All interventions relied on CHW sending text messages to supervisors via the mhealth tool. Users’ perspective of mhealth tools included: improved surveillance, better linkage with the community and greater efficiency.

Conclusions
We found a small number of mhealth tools used by CHW for infectious disease surveillance in Africa. Tools focused on epidemic-prone and neglected tropical diseases, and linked CHW with their supervisors. Results indicate that mhealth holds potential for strengthening community-based surveillance in Africa.
1.D. Workshop: Long COVID: A Myth or a reality?
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-CHR, EUPHA-PHMR,   Chair persons: Sarah Cuschieri (Malta), Nienke Schutte (Belgium)
Published: October 2023

Abstract

COVID-19 has been a pandemic since 2020 and to date has resulted in a substantial global burden through both morbidity and mortality. Long term symptoms impacting the mental, social, and physical well-being among COVID-19 survivors started to be noted from early pandemic. This phenomenon was reported as Long COVID, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has now defined it as “a condition that occurs in those with probable or confirmed COVID-19 infection where symptoms last for at least two months from the onset of the infection”. Yet, the paucity of longitudinal cohort studies and clinical trials on Long COVID presents the scientific, clinical, and public health ecosystems with limited understanding pertaining to this new condition as well as presents uncertainty on whether “Long COVID is a myth or a reality?” Additionally, on a country level, the level of preparedness to deal with Long COVID at a population level and through healthcare services are not established. With over 60% of Europeans reported to suffer from Long COVID, this timely workshop is set to bring forward a pan-European expert consensus on the existence and the deterrent effects attributed to Long COVID, with recommendations for the way forward. The workshop will start off by presenting the overall impact of COVID on the well-being of middle-aged and older adults residing in 27 European countries as well as explores whether having Long COVID further deteriorate their well-being. The symptoms of Long COVID will be explored along with their effect on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue, mental well-being, while investigating the determinants that diminish HRQoL. This will provide an all-rounded approach to the direct effects of Long COVID. It is known that Long COVID individuals will seek their first medical care contact at primary healthcare. Therefore, the workshop will explore the general practitioner's knowledge, perceptions, and experience on Long COVID's diagnosis and management across two European countries. This will provide an insight whether primary healthcare practitioners are equipped with dealing with this emerging syndrome. The workshop then focuses on Italy's perspective, at a country level, in managing Long COVID through Good Clinical Practice and access to national services. Finally, a European overview of the Long-COVID-19 situation from a population health perspective will be provided and it will offer unique insights on the development of different tools, strategies and structures in national healthcare systems and their fight against long-COVID.

Key messages
• Long COVID is causing deterrent effects and impact the physical, mental, social and economic status of the populations.
• We need better tools (e.g., registries or targeted Health Examination Surveys) to assess the situation and to customise health care provision for the current patients and avoid the further spread.
Insights from the PHIRI Network: How different Countries deal with Long-COVID related issues and developments
Authors: Habl C , Weiss J , Gottlob A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Long COVID research shows that on average, 10-20% of COVID-19 patients experience a variety of mid- to long-term effects after recovery from initial illness. This represents a serious issue for the healthcare sector and decision-makers and experts in the field. Against this backdrop the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure collaboration (PHIRI) established a Rapid Exchange Forum (REF). REF is a series of bi-weekly meetings addressing urgent questions in population health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Participants are national representatives from over 30EU countries, ranging from European public health institutes, Ministries of Health to research institutions, universities, and EU-level stakeholders. In preparation, questions on a given topic are sent in a systematic manner, allowing rapid exchange of information across countries and provides comparative learnings on different challenges, best practices, and tools used to overcome population health issues (e.g., communication strategies, mortality indicators, long-term pandemic monitoring and surveillance, and pandemic impacts). REF on Long-COVID focused on 5 key aspects of Management of long-COVID Patients. Across 19 different EU/EEA countries information shows, for example, that by March 2023.
1) none of the 19 countries have stated to have a specific working registry for Long-COVID patients 2) few countries so far have developed specialised clinics or medical institutions for the treatment of Long-COVID but at least 3) most countries have adopted a wide range of different tools, strategies, and activities to create national guidelines and models for better management of Long-COVID Patients.
This discusses these findings and will take stock of the Long-COVID-19 situation from a population health perspective. It will offer unique insights on the development of different tools, strategies and structures in national healthcare systems and their fight against long-COVID.
Lung cancer cases attributable to PM2.5 in northeastern Italy
Authors: Serraino D , Valdi G , Toffolutti F , Driutti M , Parpinel M , Bidoli E , Dal Maso L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
According to the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), outdoor pollution is a well established cause of lung cancer, with a prominent carcinogenic role attributed to particulate matter (PM) pollution. 2001 WHO guidelines on outdoor pollution includes a recommendation to reach a PM2.5 annual average of 5ug/m3. The WHO recommendation is in sharp contrast with EU limits: thus, in the present study we estimated the number of incident lung cancer cases due to PM2.5 according to three different scenarios.

Methods
The number of newly incident lung cancer cases diagnosed in northeastern Italy from 2015 to 2020 was from the population-based cancer registry of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region. We considered three scenarios of average annual concentration of PM2.5: 25ug/m3 according to EU legislation; 10ug/m3 or 5ug/m3 according to 2005 and 2021 WHO guidelines. An 8% increase in the risk of lung cancer for every 10ug/m3 increase in PM2.5 was assumed. Data from outdoor average annual concentration of PM2.5 in northeastern Italy were from local air monitoring systems.

Results
5131 lung cancer cases were registered in 2015-2020 in Friuli Venezia Giulia, (i.e., 855 cases/year). In the same period, an average annual concentration of PM2.5 of 18ug/m3 was documented. According to EU legislation, there will not be an excess of future lung cancer cases attributable to PM2.5. Conversely, the projection of the excess cases ranged from 6.4%/year (WHO 2005) or 10.4% (WHO 2021). In absolute terms, we estimated that there will be an excess of future yearly lung cancer cases ranging from 55 cases to 89 cases due to PM2.5.air pollution exceeding WHO recommendations.

Conclusions
According to WHO recommendations, PM2.5 air pollution will cause an excess of up to 89 yearly cases of lung cancer in Friuli Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy, a projection in sharp contrast with EU limits.

Key messages
• An excess of up to 89 yearly cases of lung cancer are projected for the future years due to PM2.5 concentration exceeding WHO guidelines.
• EU limits of PM2.5 average yearly concentration underestimate the risk of lung cancer in humans.