bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An attempt to estimate the noises in Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trials by employing the Jaccard Similarity Index and Noise Index.
Authors: Poruthukaren Kurian 
Published: December 2023

Background: The critical task of researchers conducting double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled homeopathic pathogenetic trials is to segregate the signals from the noises. The noises are signs and symptoms due to factors other than the trial drug; signals are signs and symptoms due to the trial drug. Unfortunately, the existing tools: the criteria for a causal association of symptoms with the tested medicine, qualitative pathogenetic index, quantitative pathogenetic index, and the pathogenic index, have limitations in analyzing the symptoms of the placebo group as a comparator resulting in inadequate segregation of the noises. Hence, proposing the Jaccard similarity index and Noise index for analyzing the symptoms of the placebo group as a comparator.
Methods: This index is the ratio of the number of common elements among the placebo and intervention groups to the aggregated number of elements in these groups. The Noise index is the ratio of common elements among the placebo and intervention group to the total elements of the intervention group. The Homeopathic pathogenetic trials of Plumbum metallicum, Piper methysticum, and Hepatitis C nosode were selected for experimenting with the computation of the Jaccard similarity index and Noise index.
Results: The Jaccard similarity index shows that 8% of Plumbum metallicum's elements, 10.7% of Piper methysticum's elements, and 19.3% of Hepatitis C nosode's elements were similar to the placebo group when elements of both the groups (intervention and placebo) aggregated. The noise index shows that 10.7 % of Plumbum metallicum's elements, 13.9% of Piper methysticum's elements, and 25.7% of Hepatitis C nosode's elements were similar to the placebo group.
Conclusion: The Jaccard similarity index and Noise index might be considered an additional tool to analyze the symptoms of the placebo group as a comparator resulting in better noise segregation.
STRATEGI PUBLIC RELATIONS MI YA-BAKII 01 KESUGIHAN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PENDIDIKAN PERIODE 2016 â€“ 2021
Authors: Azhar Miftachul Wafa 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Bagaimana Strategi Public Relations MI YA-BAKII dalam mengembangkan pendidikan pada periode 2016-2021. 2) Bagaimana pengelolaan guru, karyawan dan stake holder dalam upaya mengembangkan MI YA-BAKII 01 Kesugihan. 3) Apa faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam mengembangkan pendidikan MI Ya-BAKII.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi Public Relations MI Ya-Bakii 01 Kesugihan dalam mengembangkan pendidikan periode 2016-2021, mengetahiu factor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam strategi public relations MI Ya-Bakii 01 Kesugihan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Pertama, strategi public Relations yang di terapkan MI Ya-Bakii 01 Kesugihan antara lain; mempromosikan MI Ya-Bakii 01 Kesugihan kepada masyarakat, bekerjasama dengan instansi atau lembaga lain, mengelola internal dan eksternal public, memberikan tas gratis kepada calon siswa baru, di adakannya acara morning tea oleh kepala madrasah setiap satu bulan dua kali, mengajak wali kelas untuk selalu berkomun9kasi dengan wali murid dan acara siraman rohani oleh kepala madrasah. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi public relations MI Ya-Bakii 01 Kesugihan seperti yang disebutkan diatas mampu membawa MI Ya-Bakii 01 menjadi madrasah yang di minati oleh masyarakat untuk menyekolahkan putra-putrinya untuk menyeolahkan di madrasah tersebut.
STRATEGI PUBLIC RELATIONS PT KILANG PERTAMINA INTERNASIONAL REFINERY UNIT IV CILACAP DALAM MEMPERKUAT PEMBERDAYAAN PASAR SEMOK (SMALL ENTERPRISE MEDIUM OF KEMIREN ASRI) DI KELURAHAN TEGALKAMULYAN KECAMATAN CILACAP SELATAN KABUPATEN CILACAP
Authors: Fajri Akhla Sabilah  , Hanifah Muyasaroh  
Published: December 2023

PT Kilang Pertamina International RU IV Cilacap as a global energy company, has a sustainability commitment to strengthen social development by running the PERTAMINA CSR (Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility) program through sustainable community empowerment aimed at realizing community economic independence by establishing and fostering Micro Small Units (UMK) which is run through the UMK Funding Program so as to encourage UMK to upscale. This study aims to determine the public relations strategy of PT Kilang Pertamina International RU IV Cilacap in managing relationships with the Kemiren Asri Group, as well as strategies and factors in strengthening the empowerment of the SEMOK (Small Enterprise Medium of Kemiren Asri) Market. This research is a type of field research conducted using a qualitative approach. The presentation method used in the research is through observation, interviews, and documentation.
From the research results that have been prosented, the gradual community empowerment in Kemiren Village has produced many beneficial results for the community. A unique condition and has a value chain where all activities in Kemiren Asri are related, and form a zero waste system, where no waste is wasted from all production activities of the Kemiren Asri Group. To develop Kemiren at a higher stage, the company together with the community developed the marketing of Kemirean Asri product through SEMOK Market (Small Enterprise Medium Of Kemiren Asri).
In order to achieve success in every condition faced by the company, PT Kilang Pertamina International RU IV Cilacap uses four steps of public relations strategy in carrying out CSR programs, starting from the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation stages. The SEMOK Market program implementations system was initiated by PT Kilang Pertamina International RU IV Cilacap and the Kemiren Asri Group from the evaluation results, and involved all stakeholders in providing access and support to encourage self-help communities.
Kitap Okuma Dersi Alan Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kitap Okuma Alışkanlığına Yönelik Tutumları
Authors: ŞEN ATASAYAR Belgin 
Published: December 2023

Araştırma kitap okuma dersi alan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kitap okuma alışkanlığına yönelik tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Orta Karadeniz’de yer alan bir fakültenin hemşirelik bölümünde, 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde seçmeli ‘Kitap Okuma’ dersini
seçen 40 üçüncü sınıf hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Kitap Okuma Alışkanlığına İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, normal dağılım göstermeyen iki grup arası karşılaştırmalarında Mann-Whitney U, üç ve üzeri grup karşılaştırmalarında
Kruskall Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden (sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma) yararlanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p
Maksiller Unilateral Gömülü Kanin Dişlerde Nazal Kavite Hacminin Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KAYA Sema , ÇINARSOY CİĞERİM Saadet 
Published: December 2023

Amaç
Maksiller kanin dişler, üçüncü molar dişlerden sonra en çok gömük kalan dişlerdir. Bu dişlerin gömük kalma etyolojisi tam olarak belli olmamakla beraber, palatinal konumlu dişlerin genetik faktörler kaynaklı bukkal konumlu gömülü kaninlerin ise daha çok lokal kaynaklı faktörler nedeniyle süremedikleri düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı maksiller gömülü kanin dişlerin nazal kavitede bir darlığa sebep olup olmadığını öğrenmektir.
Materyal Metot
Fakültemize başvurmuş herhangi bir nedenle konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi alınmış 100 maksiller unilateral kanin dişi gömülü olan hastaların nazal kavite hacimleri manuel segmentasyon yöntemi ile 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Corp., Lexington, MA, USA uygulaması ile yapılmış ve gömülü olmayan tarafa göre karşılaştırılmıştır.
Sonuç
Unilateral maksiller kanin dişi gömülü hastaların nazal kavite hacimleri, gömülü olmayan tarafa göre daha küçük bulunmuş ancak bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).
La evolución de la deuda pública en España en 2022
Authors: García-Moral Blanca , Laporta-Corbera M.ª Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Motivación
En este artículo se analiza el endeudamiento de las Administraciones Públicas en España durante el año 2022 a partir de las estadísticas que elabora el Banco de España y desde una perspectiva comparada con otros países de la zona del euro.
Ideas principales
•En 2022 la ratio de deuda pública se redujo en 5,2 puntos porcentuales (pp), hasta el 111,6 % del PIB.
•La Administración Central siguió siendo el subsector más endeudado, con una ratio de deuda del 100,9 % del PIB.
•En el conjunto del área del euro la ratio de deuda en 2022 fue del 90,9 % del PIB, 3,8 pp menos que en 2021.
BULGARİSTAN ORTA RODOP TÜRK AĞIZLARINDA ÜNLÜLER
Authors: MUSTAFA RAŞİDOVA Sibel 
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bulgaristan’daki Orta Rodoplar bölgesinde konuşulan Türk ağızlarında kullanılan ünlü seslerin özelliklerini dil araştırmacılarının dikkatine sunmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında bölgede yer alan altı köyden toplam 43 kişi ile yapılan mülakatların ses kayıtları Türk Dil Kurumu transkripsiyon sisteminde belirtilen işaretler kullanılarak deşifre edilmiş ve metinler oluşturulmuştur. Araştırılan bölge ağızlarında Standart Türkçedeki ünlülerden farklı olan ünlüler ele alınmıştır. Her bir ünlü ile ilgili kullanım sıklığıyla ve örneklerle kelimedeki konumu açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra ünlü uyumları ve ünlülerle ilgili ses olayları incelenmiş ve örnekler verilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde inceleme sonuçlarına maddeler hâlinde yer verilmiştir.
Bulgaristan’da konuşulan Türk ağızları, 20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarından beri bilim insanlarının ilgi konusu olmuştur. 1950’lere kadar D. Gacanov, V. A. Moşkov, T. Kowalski, N. K. Dimitriev, G. Nemeth, J. Eckman gibi önde gelen dil araştırmacıları genellikle kuzey ve kuzeydoğu Bulgarsitan’da konuşulan Türk ağızlarını araştırmış ve bu konularla ilgili bilimsel yayınlar yapmışlardır. 1950’lerden sonra G. Hazai, M. Şiraliev, M. Mollova, H. Süleymanoğlu Yenisoy gibi önemli bilim insanları ülkenin güneyinde de dil araştırmaları yapmışlardır. Bu araştırmalar genellikle Doğu Rodop Türk ağızlarının ele alındığı araştırmalardır. Rodop Dağlarının büyük bir kısmı Bulgaristan’ın güney sınırları içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Doğu Rodoplar, Türk nüfusunun en yoğun olduğu bölgedir. Dolayısıyla dilbilimcilerin daha çok dikkatini çekmiş ve bölgede konuşulan Türk ağızları daha çok araştırılmıştır. Batı ve Orta Rodop bölgelerinde daha az Türk nüfusu olması nedeniyle burada konuşulan Türk ağızlarını konu alan bilimsel çalışmalar kısıtlıdır. Bulgaristan’daki Orta Rodop Türk Ağızlarını ele alan bilimsel nitelikte ve kapsamlı bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır.
Երևան քաղաքի խմելու և տնտեսական կարիքների ջրարտադրության և էլեկտրաէներգիայի ծախսի կառավարման բարելավումը
Authors: Սահակյան Արամ , Քելեջյան Հովհաննես 
Published: December 2023

Երևան քաղաքի խմելու և տնտեսական կարիքների համար նախատեսված ջրատար համա­կարգի շահագործման արդյունավետության բարձրացման, ինչպես նաև ջրարտադրության նպա­տակով ծախսվող էլէկտրաէներգիայի կրճատման համար, թերևս ամենակարևոր գործողություն­ներից է մշակել և կիրառել բաշխիչ ցանցի, ինչպես նաև ջրատար համակարգի տեղային փոփո­խու­թյուն­ներ, որը հնարավորություն կստեղծի քաղաքային ցանցի շոշափելի տեղամասերը դար­ձնել ինքնահոս սնուցման: Այս նպատակով խնդիր դրվեց, օգտագործելով գոյություն ունեցող ջրա­տար համակարգը, ջրամատակարարման ցանցը և օրվա կարգավորող ջրամբարները, հնարա­վորինս մեծացնել բարձր նիշերի վրա գտնվող աղբյուրներից ստացվող ջրաքանակը: Բարձր նիշերի վրա տեղակայված ջրաղբյուրներից ավելացված ելքերի տեղափոխման համար անհրա­ժեշ­տություն առաջացավ ստեղծել ջրատարների ճկուն համակարգ, որը թույլ տվեց բարձրադիր աղբյուրների ունեցած անհամեմատ փոքր ինքնարժեք ունեցող ջուրը տեղափոխել քաղաքի ցածրադիր թաղամասեր: Իրականացված բարելավման, ջրատար համակարգերի կառավարե­լիու­թյան և արդյունավետության բարձրացման արդյունքում, մղմամբ տրվող ջրաքանակը տարե­կան 215 մլն մ3-ից նվազել է մինչև 60 մլն մ3 (72 %), կամ ջրարտադրության մոտ 50 %-ից ներկայումս կազմում է 21 %:
Early Results of Orthopaedic Trauma and Anemia: Conservative Versus Liberal Transfusion Strategy
Authors: Mullis Brian H. , Mullis Leilani S. , Kempton Laurence B. , Virkus Walter , Slaven James E. , Bruggers Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is safe to use a conservative packed red blood cell transfusion hemoglobin threshold (5.5 g/dL) compared with a liberal transfusion threshold (7.0 g/dL) for asymptomatic patients with musculoskeletal-injured trauma out of the initial resuscitative period.

Methods:
This was a multicenter, prospective, nonblinded, randomized study done at three level 1 trauma centers. One hundred patients were enrolled. One patient was inappropriately enrolled, withdrawn from the study, and excluded from analysis leaving 99 patients (49 liberal and 50 conservative) with 30-day follow-up. After initial resuscitation, patients were enrolled and randomized to either a liberal or a conservative transfusion strategy. This strategy was followed throughout the index hospitalization. The primary outcome of the study was infection. Superficial infection was defined as clinical diagnosis of cellulitis or other superficial infection treated with oral antibiotics only. Deep infection was defined as clinical diagnosis of fracture-related infection requiring IV antibiotics and/or surgical débridement.

Results:
Ninety-nine patients were successfully followed for 30 days with 100% follow-up during this time. Seven infections (14%) occurred in the liberal group and none in the conservative group (P < 0.01). Five deep infections (10%) occurred in the liberal group and none in the conservative group (P = 0.03). Three superficial infections (6%) occurred in the liberal and none in the conservative group, which was not a significant difference (P = 0.1). No difference was observed in length of stay between groups.

Discussion:
Transfusing young healthy asymptomatic patients with orthopaedic trauma for hemoglobin <7.0 g/dL increases the risk of infection. No increased risk of anemia-related complications was identified with a conservative transfusion threshold of 5.5 g/dL.

Data availability and trial registration numbers:
Data are available on request. IRB protocol number is 1402557771. This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02972593.

Level of evidence:
Level 2, unblinded prospective randomized multicenter study.
Morsgrisar och kärlekspiltar i barockens krigs och duellretorik – en studie i (o)manlighet
Authors: Liliequist Jonas 
Published: December 2023

Unga lättkränkta ynglingar och pojkar med vapen i hand är i dag ett högaktuellt ämne. Så var fallet även i 1600-talets patriarkala hederskultur. Misogyna skymford saknades inte i 1600-talets duelljargong, men till skillnad från idag var anspelningar på pojkaktighet minst lika gångbara som skymford. Bland dessa intog morsgrisen en särställning. Men strider utkämpades också på andra slagfält än det militära under barocken. Ett sådant var kärleken, ofta skildrad som ett krig mellan könen. Här härskade en liten naken pojke eller pilt under namn av omväxlande Cupid, Astrild och Amor som tyranniserade alla och envar med sin pil och båge och sina eldbloss. Vilka föreställningar om manlighet och omanlighet återspeglades i dessa motsägelsefulla pojkgestalter? Och vad låg det i pojkens föregivna karaktär som aktualiserade denna retorik av undergivenhet kontra tyrannisk allmakt? Det är ämnet för den här artikeln.
SOME PROBLEMS THAT ARISE AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE INVESTIGATION IN CASES OF ILLEGAL SALE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS BY CONTACTLESS MEANS COMMITTED BY MINORS
Authors: Бердникова О.П. , Рыбакова Л.Е. 
Published: December 2023

Качественное расследование преступлений в сфере незаконного оборота наркотических средств является важнейшим элементом в масштабной борьбе с противодействием такого рода преступлениям, учитывая, что участники преступной цепочки в основном используют информационно-телекоммуникационные сети, включая сеть Интернет, то есть совершают преступления бесконтактным способом, и привлекают к совершению данных преступлений несовершеннолетних. Авторами приведены и обоснованы три основные следственных версии, возникающие на первоначальном этапе расследования незаконного сбыта наркотических средств, совершенного несовершеннолетними, обозначены основные ошибки, допускаемые сотрудниками органов внутренних дел (при проведении оперативных мероприятий после задержания несовершеннолетних до возбуждения уголовного дела), раскрыты тактические особенности проведения неотложных следственных действий, таких как первоначальный допрос несовершеннолетнего подозреваемого; осмотр места происшествия; назначение физико-химической экспертизы.
A high-quality investigation of crimes in the sphere of illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs is an essential element in the large-scale fight against counteraction to this type of crime, given that the participants of the criminal chain mainly use information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, i.e. they commit crimes in a non-contact manner, and involve minors in the commission of these crimes. The authors present and substantiate three main investigative versions arising at the initial stage of investigation of illegal sale of narcotic drugs committed by minors, outline the main mistakes made by the staff of internal affairs bodies (when conducting operational activities after the detention of minors before the initiation of criminal proceedings), reveal the tactical features of urgent investigative actions, such as the initial interrogation of a minor suspect; inspection of the scene of the crime; and the investigation of the criminal case.
FEATURES OF THE INVESTIGATIVE EXPERIMENT IN THE INVESTIGATION CAUSE OF HARM TO HEALTH
Authors: Сысенко А.Р. 
Published: December 2023

При расследовании преступлений об умышленном причинении вреда здоровью результаты проведения следственного эксперимента имеют важное, а иногда и решающее доказательственное значение. В статье рассматриваются особенности проведения следственного эксперимента при расследовании преступлений об умышленном причинении вреда здоровью.
In the investigation of offences of intentional infliction of harm to health, the results of the investigative experiment have an important and sometimes de-cisive evidentiary value. The article considers the peculiarities of conducting an investi-gative experiment in the investigation of offences of intentional infliction of harm to health.
STANDARDIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FORENSIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Ржанникова С.С. 
Published: December 2023

Внедрение возможностей искусственного интеллекта в различные сферы жизни общества обуславливает необходимость разработки и утверждения нормативно-технической документации в соответствующих отраслях. За последние годы данный процесс реализуется не только в промышленности, банковском деле, торговле, образовании, но и в государственных, муниципальных учреждениях и организациях. Однако использование искусственного интеллекта в судебно-экспертной деятельности пока остается неурегулированным. Автором рассмотрены различные подходы к определению искусственного интеллекта, а также смысловое содержание и взаимосвязь таких терминов, как информационные системы, интеллектуальные системы, системы искусственного интеллекта. По результатам проведенного исследования автором вынесено предложение по разработке и содержанию базового стандарта, обеспечивающего унифицированный подход к использованию искусственного интеллекта в судебно-экспертной деятельности.
The introduction of artificial intelligence capabilities into various spheres of society necessitates the development and approval of regulatory and technical documentation in the relevant industries. In recent years, this process has been implemented not only in industry, banking, trade, education, but also in state and municipal institutions and organisations. However, the use of artificial intelligence in forensic activity is still unsettled. The author considers various approaches to the definition of artificial intelligence, as well as the semantic content and interrelation of such terms as information systems, intelligent systems, artificial intelligence systems. Based on the results of the study, the author made a proposal for the development and content of a basic standard that would provide a unified approach to the use of artificial intelligence in forensic activities.
INTERACTION OF THE INQUIRER AND INVESTIGATOR WITH OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE UNITS OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES WHEN INVESTIGATING NON-FULFILLMENT OR IMPROPER FULFILLMENT OF PARENTAL OBLIGATIONS
Authors: Шапиро Л.Г. , Гарига О.А. 
Published: December 2023

Преступное неисполнение или ненадлежащее исполнение обязанностей по воспитанию несовершеннолетнего родителем или иным лицом, на которое возложены данные обязанности, получило в последние годы значительную распространенность. В целях повышения качества выявления, расследования и предупреждения данных преступлений требует совершенствования методика их расследования. Важная роль в установлении криминалистически значимой информации по делам данной категории принадлежит взаимодействию дознавателя и следователя с оперативно-розыскными подразделениями органов внутренних дел. Авторами выявлены его организационные, тактические и процессуальные особенности, предложено рассматривать особенности взаимодействия в качестве самостоятельного элемента методики расследования преступного неисполнения или ненадлежащего исполнения обязанностей по воспитанию несовершеннолетнего.
The criminal failure to fulfil or improper fulfilment of child-rearing responsibilities by a parent or other person entrusted with such responsibilities has become widespread in recent years. In order to improve the detection, investigation and prevention of such offences, the methodology for their investigation must be improved. An important role in the establishment of criminally significant information in cases of this category belongs to the interaction of the inquirer and investigator with operational and investigative units of internal affairs bodies. The authors have identified its organisational, tactical and procedural peculiarities, it is proposed to consider the peculiarities of interaction as an independent element of the methodology of investigation of criminal non-fulfilment or improper fulfilment of obligations to bring up a minor.