bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A. G. Dickens and the continental Reformation
Authors: Pörtner Regina 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
This article assesses A. G. Dickens's contribution to the study of the continental Reformation, and of German Lutheranism in particular. Dickens's main theses, as formulated in a group of five thematically linked major works that were published between 1964 and 1974, concerned the cultural and historical significance of European Protestantism as an emancipatory national movement whose urban, ‘bourgeois’ variant was subject to constraints of far-reaching historical consequence in Germany. Dickens's further writings, war diaries and private papers are adduced to illustrate the conceptual assumptions underlying this interpretation, which are shown to have been influenced by his Protestant religious convictions and an apparent fascination with Oswald Spengler's theory of civilizations. The article questions Dickens's account of the link between humanism, Lutheran thought and incipient German nationalism, but stresses the relevance of his critique of contemporary German scholarship for adopting a too narrowly national perspective.
Dickens, the German Reformation, and the issue of nation and fatherland in early modern German history
Authors: Von Friedeburg Robert 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article offers an outline of the historiographical developments in German Reformation history since the later nineteen-sixties. It argues that Dickens picked up major issues in his treatment of the German Reformation that have again come to the fore in recent years. In particular, his combination of local social history with the history of political thought, and with the history of the new pamphlet medium that emerged from the early sixteenth century, allowed him to try to connect these different arenas of research. This remains a primary concern for current Reformation research, as pioneered by studies such as Andrew Pettegree's book on Emden.1
A. G. Dickens and the late medieval Church
Authors: Duffy Eamon 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
In this article A. G. Dickens's writings about late medieval religion are located in the context of early twentieth-century English historiography, in particular the controversies between Cardinal Aidan Gasquet and Dr. G. G. Coulton. The article argues that despite his desire for judicious objectivity, and despite also his innovatory use of hitherto neglected types of archival material, Dickens's essentially negative assessment of the state of the late medieval Church was shaped by his own early religious formation, and by a Protestant/whig outlook which he shared with Coulton. As a consequence, he understood some mainstream Tudor religious emphases and convictions as ‘medieval’, by which he meant backward-looking minority concerns.
A. G. Dickens as a Yorkshire historian
Authors: Cross Claire 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFor thirty years after graduating from Oxford in 1932 Dickens, a devoted Yorkshireman, produced a stream of articles on the intellectual, social and political history of the county in the sixteenth century, which culminated in 1959 in his pioneering work Lollards and Protestants in the Diocese of York, 1509–58. After leaving Hull for London in 1962 he never found a county in the south of England to replace Yorkshire in his affections, and moved from the history of the Reformation in its local context to concentrate upon the national and international history of religion in the early modern period.
Elicited Imitation in Children and Adults With Autism: the Effect of Different Types of Actions
Authors: Beadle‐Brown Julie 
Published: February 2004

Background  It was proposed by Rogers & Pennington (1991) that an early deficit in imitation, together with a cascade of developmental disorders in emotion sharing and Theory of Mind, could be important in understanding autism. Having already found that imitation appeared not to be specifically or universally impaired in autism, the present study tested whether there were distinctions between different types of actions, such as symbolic versus non‐symbolic, one‐handed versus two‐handed or symmetrical versus asymmetrical actions, on a test of elicited imitation.Methods  A large battery of tasks was used to elicit imitation from three groups of autistic children and adults (aged 4–34 years of age), two groups of typically developing children and a group of children with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities.Results  The majority of children and adults with autism had few impairments relative to the controls, although certain actions did seem more difficult, especially for the youngest children. For example, actions within the categories of ‘symbolic actions’ and ‘asymmetrical actions’ seemed to give some groups more problems. Certain types of errors such as hand reversals and using body parts as objects were found in both autistic and non‐autistic groups, but, for the most part, in the youngest children in the whole sample. A final analysis compared the number of partial imitations for eight specific actions.Conclusions  The overall picture was not one of an autism‐specific deficit in imitation, but rather of a normal (i.e. age‐related) developmental trend. These results are discussed in terms of Rogers & Pennington's theory and other leading theories.
Clinical and Research Implications of an Investigation into Theory of Mind (TOM) Task Performance in Children and Adults with Non‐specific Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Jervis Nicola , Baker Martyn 
Published: February 2004

Background  Theory of Mind (TOM) has rarely been studied in people with intellectual disabilities. Wherever it has been studied, differing results have been found. These may be attributed to a variety of factors (e.g. the different chronological ages of samples). The validity of relating TOM performance to social behaviour has also been questioned in this population. The aim of this study was to compare TOM scores with chronological age and social ability in an attempt to contribute to current debate.Methods  Twenty children were matched individually with 20 adults, all with non‐specific intellectual disabilities. The British Picture Vocabulary Scale, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and four TOM tasks were administered to the participants. Their carers were then given various sociability measures to complete.Results  The children achieved significantly higher TOM scores than did the adults. TOM and social ability were significantly positively correlated for the children, but not for the adults. These results are discussed in terms of the different social experiences of adults and children with intellectual disabilities.Conclusions  Longitudinal research in this area is needed to clarify the present findings. If confirmed, the suitability of some TOM tasks used may be questionable, and there are clear implications for staff and client training.
Person‐Centred Planning or Person‐Centred Action? Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disability Services
Authors: Mansell Jim , Beadle‐Brown Julie 
Published: February 2004

Background  This critical review considers the nature and importance of person‐centred planning in the context of current British policy and service development in intellectual disability. The difference between person‐centred planning and other kinds of individual planning is discussed.Materials and method  The scale of the task of implementing person‐centred planning as a national policy initiative is considered. The limited evidence base for person‐centred planning is reviewed and the reasons for the failure of previous attempts at individual planning are analysed. The assumption that person‐centred services will be produced by a new kind of individual planning is questioned.Conclusions  Consideration is given to what would be necessary to make services more person‐centred, including changes in power relations, funding arrangements and staff training and supervision.
Person‐Centred Planning in its Strategic Context: Reframing the Mansell/Beadle‐Brown Critique
Authors: Towell David , Sanderson Helen 
Published: February 2004

Valuing People, the English national strategy launched in 2001 is founded on the twin principles of self‐determination and social inclusion. It promotes a vision of people with intellectual disabilities in the mainstream of life. To achieve this goal, it seeks to integrate a wide variety of elements, in which person‐centred planning (PCP) is one.The Mansell and Beadle‐Brown review makes many interesting points about PCP in this context. We reframe their critique in three main ways: by more fully recognising the extent to which PCP is an intrinsic element of the national strategy, helping to operationalise its core principles; by crediting the ways in which individual planning and action are intended to become part of one continuous process; and by showing how the strategy addresses the challenge of scale by prioritising quality rather than quantity in implementing PCP, with the aspiration of creating a virtuous spiral of positive change.
Relationships as dialogues
Authors: Baxter Leslie A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis article discusses five interrelated conceptions of dialogue in the works of Russian scholar Mikhail Bakhtin that ground relational dialectics theory: (a) dialogue as constitutive process, (b) dialogue as dialectical flux, (c) dialogue as aesthetic moment, (d) dialogue as utterance, and (e) dialogue as critical sensibility. The author's recent research in relational dialectics is discussed, as are directions for future research. Relational dialectics is positioned as a sensitizing theory different from systems theory and other dialectically oriented approaches.
Stress‐buffering or stress‐exacerbation? Social support and social undermining as moderators of the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms among married people
Authors: Cranford James A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis prospective panel study examined social support and social undermining from the spouse as moderators of the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Participants were 181 married people who completed questionnaires at two points in time. The interval between time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2) was approximately 6 weeks. Multiple regression analysis showed that T1 perceived stress and T1 spouse undermining, but not T1 spouse support, predicted increases in depressive symptoms from T1 to T2. T1 spouse undermining, but not T1 spouse support, moderated the association between T1 perceived stress and T2 depressive symptoms. These findings supported a stress‐exacerbation hypothesis for the effect of spouse undermining on the stress process. Discussion focuses on possible mechanisms for the stress‐exacerbation effect.
Gender and relationships: Influences on agentic and communal behaviors
Authors: Suh Eun Jung , Moskowitz D. S. , Fournier Marc A. , Zuroff David C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe present research examined the moderating influence of situations involving friends and romantic partners on gender differences in interpersonal behaviors reflecting agency and communion. Behavior was studied in three situations varying in social role and dyadic gender composition: same‐sex friendships, opposite‐sex friendships, and romantic relationships. To obtain multiple events representing each relationship situation, participants recorded information about their interpersonal interactions during a 20‐day period using an event‐contingent recording procedure. Results indicated gender differences consistent with gender stereotypes when men and women were interacting with same‐sex friends; men with men were more dominant and women with women were more agreeable. In interactions with romantic partners, gender differences in communal behavior were opposite to gender stereotypes; women were less agreeable and more quarrelsome than men with their romantic partners. Results are considered in reference to developmental socialization theory, social role theory, and studies of gender differences in marital relationships.
The effect of a shared humorous experience on closeness in initial encounters
Authors: Fraley Barbara , Aron Arthur 
Published: February 2004

AbstractRandomly paired same‐sex strangers (N = 96) participated in a series of structured interactions systematically manipulated to either create or not create a shared humorous experience. They then completed measures of feelings of closeness to their interaction partner. Consistent with hypotheses derived from personal relationships and humor theories, there was a significant effect of humor on closeness. This effect was significantly partially mediated by self‐expansion and distraction from the discomfort of the first encounter, but not by self‐disclosure/acceptance. The effect was significantly moderated by trait sense of humor and marginally moderated by anxious attachment style (such that the effect was greater for those high in trait sense of humor and high in anxious attachment). A predicted moderation by avoidant attachment was not significant.
Revision in memories of relationship development: Do biases persist over time?
Authors: Frye Nancy E. , Karney Benjamin R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPartners often recall that their relationship satisfaction has improved over the recent past, even when their satisfaction has actually declined, and such perceptions appear to contribute to optimism about the future. But what happens to memories as the recent past recedes into the distant past? To address this question, data were examined from a U.S. sample of 53 newlywed couples. Every 6 months, spouses reported their memories of relationship change. After 2½ years, they again reported their memories of change over these time periods. Initially, spouses recalled significant improvements over each interval, even though no improvements were observed. By the end of 2½ years, however, they had revised their memories, recalling improvements only in the recent past. Such revisions have implications for research relying on self‐reported relationship change and suggest a way for spouses to benefit from the perception of recent improvement while maintaining a generally accurate view of the course of the relationship overall.
Parental marital conflict and divorce, parent‐child relationships, social support, and relationship anxiety in young adulthood
Authors: Riggio Heidi R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBased on research documenting harmful long‐term consequences of parental conflict and divorce for offspring, relations between recollections of parental conflict, parental divorce, and social outcomes in young adulthood were examined. A total sample of 566 young adults from divorced and intact families completed measures of parental conflict, quality of parent–adult child relationships, anxiety in relationships with others, and perceptions of social support from others. As hypothesized, divorce and conflict had significant independent effects on outcomes in young adulthood. Effects of conflict were uniformly negative for quality of parent‐child relationships, perceived social support from others, and anxiety in personal relationships. Parental divorce was associated with lower quality father‐child relationships, yet divorce was associated with significant positive outcomes for quality of mother‐child relationships, social support, independence facilitated by both parents, and reduced anxiety in relationships. Importantly, these effects occurred regardless of participant sex, parental remarriage, and parental socioeconomic status.
Interference and facilitation from partners in the development of interdependence within romantic relationships
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Solomon Denise Haunani 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTo clarify how interdependence develops, we employ Berscheid's (1983) emotional investment perspective to illuminate the ways intimacy maps onto interference and facilitation from romantic partners. We conducted a cross‐sectional, self‐report study involving 498 individuals. As anticipated, we found a small nonlinear association between intimacy and interference from partners, a positive association between intimacy and facilitation from partners, and an interaction between intimacy and influence from partners that predicted interference. Notably, however, intimacy did not interact with influence to predict facilitation. Interference and facilitation were positively correlated at the bivariate level and negatively correlated when influence was covaried. We discuss how our findings characterize developing interdependence across the life span of courtship.
Deformation, mass transfer and mineral reactions in an eclogite facies shear zone in a polymetamorphic metapelite (Monte Rosa nappe, western Alps)
Authors: Keller L. M. , Abart R. , Stünitz H. , De Capitani C. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThis study analyses the mineralogical and chemical transformations associated with an Alpine shear zone in polymetamorphic metapelites from the Monte Rosa nappe in the upper Val Loranco (N‐Italy). In the shear zone, the pre‐Alpine assemblage plagioclase + biotite + kyanite is replaced by the assemblage garnet + phengite + paragonite at eclogite facies conditions of about 650 °C at 12.5 kbar. Outside the shear zone, only minute progress of the same metamorphic reaction was attained during the Alpine metamorphic overprint and the pre‐Alpine mineral assemblage is largely preserved. Textures of incomplete reaction, such as garnet rims at former grain contacts between pre‐existing plagioclase and biotite, are preserved in the country rocks of the shear zone. Reaction textures and phase relations indicate that the Alpine metamorphic overprint occurred under largely anhydrous conditions in low strain domains. In contrast, the mineralogical changes and phase equilibrium diagrams indicate water saturation within the Alpine shear zones. Shear zone formation occurred at approximately constant volume but was associated with substantial gains in silica and losses in aluminium and potassium. Changes in mineral modes associated with chemical alteration and progressive deformation indicate that plagioclase, biotite and kyanite were not only consumed in the course of the garnet‐and phengite‐producing reactions, but were also dissolved ‘congruently’ during shear zone formation. A large fraction of the silica liberated by plagioclase, biotite and kyanite dissolution was immediately re‐precipitated to form quartz, but the dissolved aluminium‐ and potassium‐bearing species appear to have been stable in solution and were removed via the pore fluid. The reaction causes the localization of deformation by producing fine‐grained white mica, which forms a mechanically weak aggregate.
Petrogenesis of andalusite–kyanite–sillimanite veins and host rocks, Sanandaj‐Sirjan metamorphic belt, Hamadan, Iran
Authors: Sepahi A. A. , Whitney D. L. , Baharifar A. A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractQuartz‐rich veins in metapelitic schists of the Sanandaj‐Sirjan belt, Hamadan region, Iran, commonly contain two Al2SiO5 polymorphs, and, more rarely, three coexisting Al2SiO5 polymorphs. In most andalusite and sillimanite schists, the types of polymorphs in veins correlate with Al2SiO5 polymorph(s) in the host rocks, although vein polymorphs are texturally and compositionally distinct from those in adjacent host rocks; e.g. vein andalusite is enriched in Fe2O3 relative to host rock andalusite. Low‐grade rocks contain andalusite + quartz veins, medium‐grade rocks contain andalusite + sillimanite + quartz ± plagioclase veins, and high‐grade rocks contain sillimanite + quartz + plagioclase veins/leucosomes. Although most andalusite and sillimanite‐bearing veins occur in host rocks that also contain Al2SiO5, kyanite‐quartz veins crosscut rocks that lack Al2SiO5 (e.g. staurolite schist, granite). A quartz vein containing andalusite + kyanite + sillimanite + staurolite + muscovite occurs in andalusite–sillimanite host rocks. Textural relationships in this vein indicate the crystallization sequence andalusite to kyanite to sillimanite. This crystallization sequence conflicts with the observation that kyanite‐quartz veins post‐date andalusite–sillimanite veins and at least one intrusive phase of a granite that produced a low‐pressure–high‐temperature contact aureole; these relationships imply a sequence of andalusite to sillimanite to kyanite. Varying crystallization sequences for rocks in a largely coherent metamorphic belt can be explained by P–T paths of different rocks passing near (slightly above, slightly below) the Al2SiO5 triple point, and by overprinting of multiple metamorphic events in a terrane that evolved from a continental arc to a collisional orogen.
From Crisis to Opportunity: Human Resource Challenges for the Public Sector in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Soni Vidu 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA great deal of attention has been focused on the human capital crisis in the public sector since the mid‐1990s. Experts and practitioners give many reasons why the current crisis emerged. This article examines the important factors that led to the crisis, what is being done about them through presidential agendas, legislators, oversight agencies, professional societies, and public policy think tanks. Concerns are many in terms of a large number of upcoming retirements, early retirements, unplanned downsizing, difficulty in attracting new generations to public service, and the changing nature of public service. However, the human resource crisis also presents an opportunity to fundamentally change those features of public sector human resource management practices that have become outdated for contemporary organizations and position government agencies for the twenty‐first century by meaningfully reforming the civil service. This transformation would require public sector organizations to take a more strategic view of human resource management and to give greater policy attention to human capital issues.
Mission Evolution: The United States Forest Service's Response to Crisis
Authors: Salka William M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAfter a long history as a bureaucratic success story, the United States Forest Service (USFS) found itself embroiled in crisis beginning in the late 1980s. This study examines the factors that led up to the crisis, arguing that the agency had become captured by its own core technologies. Historically, the USFS was successful in adapting to changes in its environment by employing its traditional management procedures. However, attempting to incorporate the northern spotted owl issue with its traditional core technologies threw the subsystem into crisis, during which the agency lost control over its management activities. Today, the USFS is attempting to adapt to the changes brought about by the political conflict of the era.