bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution (SNV) of Activated Alkoxymethylene Derivatives with 6‐Aminoquinoxaline
Authors: Saloň Jozef , Milata Viktor , Gatial Anton , Prónayová Nadežda , Leško Ján , Černuchová Petra , Rappoport Zvi , Vo‐Thanh Giang , Loupy André 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTreatment of 6‐aminoquinoxaline with β,β‐diactivated alkoxymethylene derivatives gave the corresponding N‐(quinoxalin‐6‐yl)enamines. A variant of the SNV reaction mechanism was proposed for substitution of the alkoxymethylene compounds, on the basis of the structures of the precursor enol ether and the vinylic substitution product and on computations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Ind2TiMe2‐Catalyzed Addition of Methyl‐ and Ethylamine to Alkynes
Authors: Marcseková Klaudia , Wegener Bernd , Doye Sven 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe describe a very simple hydrogenation‐like experimental protocol for the addition of gaseous methyl‐ and ethylamine to alkynes in the presence of Ind2TiMe2 as the catalyst. For efficient hydroamination reactions it is sufficient to stir a mixture of the alkyne and the catalyst in toluene at temperatures between 80 °C (terminal alkynes) and 105 °C (internal alkynes) under a constant pressure of 1 atm of the corresponding amine. After subsequent reduction of the initially formed imines, methyl‐ and ethylamine derivatives are the final products of the described one‐pot reaction sequences. In the case of 2‐alkyl‐1‐phenylalkynes as starting materials, biologically interesting 2‐phenylethylamine derivatives possessing a small methyl or ethyl substituent at the N atom are easily accessible by the new reaction protocol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Electroreductive Radical Cyclization of Ethyl 2‐Bromo‐3‐allyloxy‐ and‐3‐(propargyloxy)propanoates Catalyzed by (Tetramethylcyclam)nickel(I) Electrogenerated at Carbon Cathodes in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Esteves Ana P. , Goken Danielle M. , Klein Lee J. , Leite Luis F. M. , Medeiros Maria J. , Peters Dennis G. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractReductive intramolecular cyclization of ethyl 2‐bromo‐3‐(3′,4′‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐3‐(propargyloxy)propanoate(1) and ethyl 3‐allyloxy‐2‐bromo‐3‐(3′,4′‐dimethoxyphenyl)propanoate (2) promoted by (1,4,8,11‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)nickel(I), [Ni(tmc)]+, electrogenerated at glassy‐carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide containing tetraalkylammonium salts, has been investigated. Cyclic voltammograms for reduction of [Ni(tmc)]2+ in the presence of 1 and 2 reveal that [Ni(tmc)]+ catalytically reduces these two compounds at potentials significantly more positive than those required for direct reduction of the bromo esters. During controlled‐potential electrolyses of solutions of [Ni(tmc)]2+ in the presence of 1 and 2, catalytic reduction of each substrate proceeds by one‐electron cleavage of the carbon–bromine bond to form a radical intermediate that undergoes cyclization to afford, respectively, ethyl 2‐(3′,4′‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐4‐methylenetetrahydrofuran‐3‐carboxylate (3) and ethyl 2‐(3′,4′‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐methyltetrahydrofuran‐3‐carboxylate (6). A mechanistic Scheme is proposed to account for the formation of each major product. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Expression analysis of 6p22 genomic gain in retinoblastoma
Authors: Orlic Marija , Spencer Clarellen E. , Wang Lisa , Gallie Brenda L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTo identify gene(s) targeted by 6p22 genomic gain, present in more than 50% retinoblastoma tumors, we used real‐time RT‐PCR to quantify the expression of seven genes in normal human retina and retinoblastoma. Six genes are located in the quantitative multiplex PCR‐defined 0.6 Mb minimal region of gain at 6p22 (DEK, AOF1, TPMT, NHLRC1, KIF13A, and NUP153), and E2F3 is 2 Mb away from the minimal region of gain on 6p22. E2F3, DEK, KIF13A, and NUP153 were most frequently overexpressed in retinoblastoma with 6p genomic gain, compared with the normal adult human retina. E2F3 and DEK mRNA levels were increased in all human tumors showing 6p22 gain, as well as in mouse retinoblastoma induced by SV40 large T antigen expression in developing retina, compared with the normal controls (adult human retina and 7‐day‐old mouse retina, respectively). Only DEK showed statistically significant correlation of expression and genomic copy number (P = 0.019). E2F3 and DEK, but not NUP153, showed developmental regulation. E2F3 and DEK mRNA overexpression was always associated with protein overexpression, determined by immunoblotting or immunofluorescent staining of primary tumors, relative to the adjacent normal retina. E2F3 was strongly expressed in actively proliferating cells, while DEK was overexpressed in all tumor cells. Taking into account the proliferation‐promoting role of E2F3, implication of E2F3 in bladder and prostate cancer, and the translocation and overexpression of DEK in leukemia, we conclude that either DEK or E2F3 (or both) are targeted by the 6p22 gain in retinoblastoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human reliability: A key to improved quality in manufacturing
Authors: Bubb Heiner 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFor one to learn, one must make mistakes. Human error can be defined on the basis of the definition of quality. Because quality is influenced by human actions, the so‐called performance shaping factors have an important influence on the human error probability. Different methods have been developed to predict human error probability. One of the most established and detailed methods is THERP (technique for human error rate prediction), which was originally developed for application in the nuclear power industry. Here this method is applied to a simple example of manufacturing. Further experimental research in the area of commission will be reported, where methods of error prediction were also applied. In both cases, measures of improving human reliability can be derived. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 353–368, 2005.
The integration of work process knowledge into human resources development
Authors: Fischer Martin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this contribution the relationship between work process knowledge and human resources development is discussed. The concept of work process knowledge is described as it evolved as an outcome of a research network involving research institutions from 10 European countries (N. C. Boreham, R. Samurçay, & M. Fischer, 2002). Historical origins of the concept are mentioned and different dimensions of work process knowledge are depicted as a topic of ongoing research. How work process knowledge is considered within current research activities focusing on measures of organizational learning is also defined. In this respect, research results from the European research project OrgLearn (“Ways of Organisational Learning in the Chemical Industry and Their Impact on Vocational Education and Training,” funded under the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Union and coordinated by the author) are reported. Finally, the implications of the concept of work process knowledge are discussed, which have become apparent in recent developments within vocational education and training in Germany. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 369–384, 2005.
Human factors in manufacturing: New patterns of cooperation for company governance and the management of change
Authors: Erlicher Luisella , Massone Luciano 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInnovation in manufacturing is driven by the globalization of competition, differentiation in demand, the shortening of the product lifecycle and the managerial innovations adopted by companies in response to the environment. Innovation has generated the new modular production system that allows greater product variety and variability. This new modular pattern in manufacturing determines a change in the priority list concerning human factors. Cognitive cooperation among all stakeholders in the manufacturing process, from suppliers to managers and workers, becomes the new focal point that must be developed and supported to ensure excellent performance of the modular factory and reasonable margins of identification for the persons performing the processes.The authors argue that both change management practices of a prescriptive type and those based solely on commitment are bound to fail in the medium term, as they are unable to address the autogenous character of change. If long‐lasting change is to be generated, managers must understand and define the desires, intentions, and values denoting the subjective and collective identities of communities of persons at work; they must not be interested in direct self‐promotion of that particular type of change that fits in with their own original characters and their history. This pragmatic principle applies both to the internal processes of the modular factory and to those external processes that link the company to its suppliers.In sum, it is the authors' view that the new horizons of human factors in manufacturing no longer rely on the best match between people, technologies, and the organization, as the capability to create cognitive spaces to construct new meanings. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 403–419, 2005.
Human‐Centered design of engineering applications: Success factors from a case study in the automotive industry
Authors: Schulze Hartmut , Brau Henning , Haasis Siegmar , Weyrich Michael , Rhatje Tobias 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe implementation of a so‐called “Digital Factory” is a tremendous challenge for automotive engineering. The technical task is to effect a seamless information backbone spanning three key departments: Design, Production Process Planning, and Manufacturing. Also suppliers such as machine and tool vendors have to be integrated into the information flow. Furthermore, there is the challenge of assimilating the human factor into the digital factory. New production planning tools will significantly change not only the contemporary production process planner's work but also the collaboration with suppliers. This raises one major issue: how to integrate different user groups into the design of complex engineering applications for production planning. The authors focus on a case study about the development of a computer‐aided planning (CAP) tool, which has been running since 1999 at DaimlerChrysler AG. The complexity of engineering processes and related information technology (IT) applications is examined and success factors for user involvement into IT development are identified. Finally, the article concludes with an adapted scenario‐based approach for the interdisciplinary and participative development of complex engineering applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 421–443, 2005.
From virtuality to reality: Individualized freeform model design and rapid manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Heng , Zhang Weihan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIndividuation, customer involvement, and rapid prototyping are crucial factors for developing a new product. A novel method addresses these issues by allowing both professional designers and general customers to freely express their design ideas for creating freeform product models and quickly developing physical prototypes. A virtual design environment is created to achieve natural human–computer interaction and multidesigners' collaboration via the Internet. Ray‐casting and other techniques are adopted to achieve real‐time calculation, stereo display, and haptic feedback. A design and manufacturing experiment is conducted to test feasibility and provide a preliminary understanding of how to improve this method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 445–459, 2005.
Synthesis of Long‐Chain 3‐Alkylpyrroles Bearing Terminal Carboxy or Amino Groups
Authors: Freitas José M. , Abrantes Luísa M. , Darbre Tamis 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo new ω‐(1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl)alkanoic acids 8a,b and the corresponding amines 9a,b were prepared on large scale in 41–51 and 27–39% overall yield, respectively, starting from N‐phenylsulfonyl‐protected pyrrole. The target compounds contain the desired functional groups for attachment of biomolecules such as proteins. During synthesis, an unprecedented partial reduction of the pyrrole ring with NaBH3CN in glacial AcOH was observed, for which a plausible mechanism is proposed (Scheme 3).
Solvothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Alkali Molybdates
Authors: Michailovski Alexej , Willems Johannes B. , Stock Norbert , Patzke Greta R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWithin the frame of systematic morphological studies concerning the solvothermal formation of nanoscale and microscale molybdenum oxides from the interaction of a molybdenum‐based precursor such as MoO3⋅2 H2O with ionic additives such as alkali and earth alkali halides, we studied – with the aim to elaborate preparative guidelines – the influence of the precursor structure and the alkali halide upon the crystal structure of the emerging alkali polymolybdates in terms of solvothermal fields and high‐throughput solvothermal techniques. The discussion of the resulting crystal structures revealed a structure‐directing potential of the alkali cations that was explored for the synthesis of new mixed alkali polymolybdates.
Two‐Dimensional Holo‐ and Hemidirected Lead(II) Coordination Polymers: Synthetic, Spectroscopic, Thermal, and Structural Studies of [Pb(μ‐SCN)2(μ‐ebp)1.5]n and {[Pb(μ‐OAc)(μ‐ebp)](ClO4)}n (ebp=4,4′‐[(1E)‐Ethane‐1,2‐diyl]bis[pyridine]; OAc=Acetato)
Authors: Morsali Ali , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Kazak Canan , Zhu Long‐Guan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTwo new coordination polymers of PbII complexes with bridging 4,4′‐[(1E)‐ethane‐1,2‐diyl]bis[pyridine] (ebp), thiocyanato, and acetato ligands, [Pb(μ‐SCN)2(μ‐ebp)1.5]n (1) and {[Pb(μ‐OAc)(μ‐ebp)](ClO4)}n (2), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, thermal analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In 1, the Pb2+ ions are doubly bridged by both the ebp and the SCN− ligands into a two‐dimensional polymeric network. The seven‐coordinate geometry around the Pb2+ ion in 1 is a distorted monocapped trigonal prism, in which the Pb2+ ions have a less‐common holodirected geometry. In 2, the Pb2+ ions are bridged by AcO− ligands forming linear chains, which are also further bridged by the neutral ebp ligands into a two‐dimensional polymeric framework. The Pb2+ ions have a five‐coordinate geometry with two N‐atoms from two ebp ligands and three O‐atoms of AcO−. Although ClO$\rm{_{4}^{-}}$ acts as a counter‐ion, it also makes weak interactions with the Pb2+ center. The arrangement of the ligands in 2 exhibits hemidirected geometry, and the coordination gap around the Pb2+ ion is possibly occupied by a configurationally active lone pair of electrons.
Two New Aporphine Alkaloids from Litsea glutinosa
Authors: Yang Jing‐Hua , Li Liang , Wang Yun‐Song , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Luo Shi‐De 
Published: September 2005

AbstractChemical examination of the BuOH extract of the leaves and twigs of Litsea glutinosa collected from Xishuangbanna resulted in the isolation of two new aporphine alkaloids, namely litseglutine A (1) and B (2), along with two known aporphine alkaloids, boldine (3) and laurolitsine (4). The structures of the new alkaloids have been elucidated on the basis of spectra analysis as 6‐demethyl‐9‐methoxy‐1,2‐(methylenedioxy)aporphin‐10‐ol (=6,7,7a,8‐tetrahydro‐10‐methoxy‐5H‐benzo[g]‐1,3‐benzodioxolo[6,5,4‐de]quinolin‐11‐ol; 1) and 1,10,11‐trimethoxyaporphin‐2‐ol (=5,6,6a,7‐tetrahydro‐1,10,11‐trimethoxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐dibenzo[de,g]quinolin‐2‐ol; 2).
Indole Alkaloids from the Whole Plants of Ervatamia officinalis
Authors: Zhang Hua , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThree new ervatamine‐type indole alkaloids, 6‐oxo‐16,20‐episilicine (1), 16,20‐episilicine (2), and 6,16‐didehydro‐20‐episilicine (6), along with seven known alkaloids, were isolated from the whole plants of Ervatamia officinalis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies on the Oxidation of Nitrogen(III) (HNO2/$\rm{{{NO}}_2^ - }$) by the Tris(biguanide)manganese(IV) Ion in Aqueous Acidic Media
Authors: Das Amit , Mukhopadhyay Subrata 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of a net two‐electron transfer between an authentic MnIV complex, [Mn(bigH)3]4+ (Fig. 1; bigH = biguanide = C2N5H7), and nitrite in aqueous solution in the pH interval 2.00–3.60 is described. Stoichiometric data for the reaction clearly indicates Δ[MnIV]/Δ[NIII]T = 1.07 ± 0.10, and $\rm{{{NO}}_3^ - }$ is detected as the oxidized product of nitrite ([NIII]T = [HNO2] + [$\rm{{{NO}}_2^ - }$]). Though both HNO2 and $\rm{{{NO}}_2^ - }$ are found to be reactive, the latter is kinetically superior in reducing the fully protonated MnIV complex. Proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET; 1e, 1H+) reduces the activation barrier for the thermodynamically unfavorable reaction of weakly oxidizing MnIV species. At the end of the redox process, the ligand bigH is released, and the high protonation constants of the ligand carry the overall reaction to completion.
Microstructural and crystallographic surface changes after grinding zirconia‐based dental ceramics
Authors: Denry I. L. , Holloway J. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate microstructural and crystallographic phase changes after grinding 3Y‐TZP dental ceramics. Ceramic blanks were sintered according to manufacturer's recommendations and divided into four groups: (A) as‐sintered control, (B) diamond‐ground manually under water, (C) ground and polished, and (D) ground and annealed at 1000°C for 1 h. Bulk specimens were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction to characterize the crystalline phases. The microstructure was investigated by SEM. XRD analyses showed that the control group and the group that was ground and annealed contained only tetragonal zirconia. However, after grinding or after grinding followed by polishing, rhombohedral zirconia and strained tetragonal zirconia were present, without any detectable amount of monoclinic zirconia. Annealing led to the disappearance of both residual lattice strain and the rhombohedral phase. The microstructure of the ground and polished specimens was characterized by significant residual surface damage associated with grain pullout to a depth of about 20 μm. This type of damage could have an impact on the long‐term fatigue behavior of 3Y‐TZP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Microscopic observation of unworn siloxane–hydrogel soft contact lenses by atomic force microscopy
Authors: González‐Méijome José M. , López‐Alemany Antonio , Almeida José B. , Parafita Manuel A. , Refojo Miguel F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn the present study, samples of lotrafilcon A, balafilcon A, and galyfilcon A contact lenses were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode at areas ranging from 0.25 to 400 μm2. Mean roughness (Ra), root‐mean‐square roughness (Rms) and maximum roughness (Rmax) in nanometers were obtained for the three lens materials at different magnifications. The three contact lenses showed significantly different surface topography. However, roughness values were dependent of the surface area to be analyzed. For a 1 μm2 area, statistics revealed a significantly more irregular surface of balafilcon A (Ra = 6.44 nm; Rms = 8.30 nm; Rmax = 96.82 nm) compared with lotrafilcon A (Ra = 2.40 nm; Rms = 3.19 nm; Rmax = 40.89 nm) and galyfilcon A (Ra = 1.40 nm; Rms = 1.79 nm; Rmax = 15.33 nm). Ra and Rms were the most consistent parameters, with Rmax presenting more variability for larger surface areas. The higher roughness of balafilcon A is attributed to the plasma oxidation treatment used to improve wettability. Conversely, galyfilcon A displays a smoother surface. Present observations could have implications in clinical aspects of siloxane–hydrogel contact lens wear such as lens spoliation, resistance to bacterial adhesion, or mechanical interaction with the ocular surface. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Calcium phosphate cement reinforced by polypeptide copolymers
Authors: Lin Jiaping , Zhang Suning , Chen Tao , Liu Changshen , Lin Shaoliang , Tian Xiaohui 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWater‐based calcium phosphate with bone repairing capability was reinforced by polypeptide graft copolymers and micelles that were formed by polypeptide copolymers. The mechanical studies showed that the compression strength and fracture energy of the calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/polypeptide composites are appreciably higher than those of CPC. The molecular structure of the polypeptide graft copolymers and the association form of the polypeptide copolymers exhibit a marked effect on the mechanical properties of CPC/polypeptide composites. The polypeptide copolymers with more hydrophilic side chains and with core‐shell micelle forms have more effective reinforcement effect. The morphological studies based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that both polypeptide graft copolymers and polypeptide copolymer micelles are well dispersed in CPC matrix. According to the obtained experimental results, reinforcement mechanism was suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Influence of a series of organic and chemical substances on the translucency of resin composites
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hyung , Lee Yong‐Keun , Powers John M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the translucency of resin composites following a series of immersion treatments in organic and chemical substances. Color of resin composites was measured according to the CIELAB color scale relative to the standard illuminant D65 over a white and a black background. Translucency parameter (TP) of resin composites was calculated at baseline, and after sequential immersion: Step 1, porcine liver esterase (a substitute for a salivary esterase); Step 2, organic substances (mucin and serum) and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) as a control; Step 3, chemical alteration agents [chlorhexidine (CH) and carbamide peroxide (CP)]; and Step 4, 2% methylene blue. Porcine liver esterase caused small changes in TP (ΔTP = = −0.5 to 0.2). After Step 2, ΔTP values of three groups were similar in the range of −0.7 to 1.2. After Step 3, ΔTP values of all groups were small in the range of −1.5 to 2.2. After Step 4, ΔTP values were high and differences that varied by the resin composite and the immersion protocol were clearly observed (ΔTP = −13.4 to −2.5). Changes in TP were mainly influenced by resin composite. After Step 4, mucin and serum groups showed generally small changes in TP compared to PBS group. It is a possibility that the high changes in TP after immersion in methylene blue is an indication of dye absorption which might be an indication of the degree of resin composite degradation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006