bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplified detection of SARS‐COV‐2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) gene oligonucleotides based on exonuclease III‐aided MoS2/AIE nanoprobes
Authors: Oudeng Gerile , Ni Junguo , Wu Hao , Wu Honglian , Yang Mo , Wen Chunyi , Wang Yuanwei , Tan Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease‐2019 pandemic reflects the underdevelopment of point‐of‐care diagnostic technology. Nuclei acid (NA) detection is the “gold standard” method for the early diagnosis of the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus disease‐2. Polymerase chain reaction is the main method for NA detection but requires considerable manpower and sample processing taking ≥ 3 h. To simplify the operation processes and reduce the detection time, exonuclease III (Exo III)‐aided MoS2/AIE nanoprobes were developed for rapid and sensitive detection of the oligonucleotides of Omicron. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets with excellent optical absorbance and distinguishable affinity to single‐strand and duplex DNAs were applied as quenchers, and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules with high luminous efficiency were designed as donor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer‐based nanoprobes. Exo III with catalytic capability was used for signal amplification to increase the sensitivity of detection. The composite nanoprobes detected the mutated nucleocapsid (N)‐gene and spike (S)‐gene oligonucleotides of Omicron within 40 min with a limit of detection of 4.7 pM, and showed great potential for application in community medicine.
Synthesis and characterization of high‐sensitivity Dy,Eu co‐doped CaSO4 thermoluminescent phosphor using coprecipitation technique
Authors: Mohamed Salwa , Salama Elsayed , Alazab Huda A. , Bakry Assem , Sharma Archana , Assran Yasser 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, (99 − x)CaSO4‐Dy2O3–xEu2O3, (where x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) thermoluminescence phosphors were prepared using a coprecipitation method. The thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry (TLD) characteristics such as TL sensitivity, dose–response, minimum detectable dose, thermal fading, and the effect of sunlight on the prepared phosphors were investigated. The obtained results indicated that the most sensitive phosphor was obtained at x = 0.05. Large thermal fading of 6% after 1 h and 26% after 24 h from irradiation followed by 71% after 1 month with no additional fading was observed within a time frame exceeding 2 months throughout the remaining duration of the investigation, which also spanned over 2 months. Despite the phosphor's high fading rate, the relative sensitivity of the prepared samples was ~90% compared with TLD‐100. The marked effect of day sunlight was also determined. High dose–response within the low‐dose range from 0.01 to 5 Gy was observed. The obtained results suggested that the synthesized phosphor is well suited for applications involving radiation biology and radiotherapy dosimetry.
AI‐organoid integrated systems for biomedical studies and applications
Authors: Maramraju Sudhiksha , Kowalczewski Andrew , Kaza Anirudh , Liu Xiyuan , Singaraju Jathin Pranav , Albert Mark V. , Ma Zhen , Yang Huaxiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this review, we explore the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing the biomedical applications of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived organoids. Stem cell‐derived organoids, these miniature organ replicas, have become essential tools for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. However, analyzing the vast and intricate datasets generated from these organoids can be inefficient and error‐prone. AI techniques offer a promising solution to efficiently extract insights and make predictions from diverse data types generated from microscopy images, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. This review offers a brief overview of organoid characterization and fundamental concepts in AI while focusing on a comprehensive exploration of AI applications in organoid‐based disease modeling and drug evaluation. It provides insights into the future possibilities of AI in enhancing the quality control of organoid fabrication, label‐free organoid recognition, and three‐dimensional image reconstruction of complex organoid structures. This review presents the challenges and potential solutions in AI‐organoid integration, focusing on the establishment of reliable AI model decision‐making processes and the standardization of organoid research.
The role of TRPV ion channels in adipocyte differentiation: What is the evidence?
Authors: Zou Wenyu , Zhang Ling , Hu Yongyan , Gao Ying , Zhang Junqing , Zheng Jia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObesity is a complex disorder, and the incidence of obesity continues to rise at an alarming rate worldwide. In particular, the growing incidence of overweight and obesity in children is a major health concern. However, the underlying mechanisms of obesity remain unclear and the efficacy of several approaches for weight loss is limited. As an important calcium‐permeable temperature‐sensitive cation channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels directly participate in thermo‐, mechano‐, and chemosensory responses. Modulation of TRPV ion channel activity can alter the physiological function of the ion channel, leading to neurodegenerative diseases, chronic pain, cancer, and skin disorders. In recent years, increasing studies have demonstrated that TRPV ion channels are abundantly expressed in metabolic organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and central nervous system, which has been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, as an important process for the pathophysiology of adipocyte metabolism, adipocyte differentiation plays a critical role in obesity. In this review, we focus on the role of TRPV ion channels in adipocyte differentiation to broaden the ideas for prevention and control strategies for obesity.
Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity mediates the relationships between ‘Dark Triad’ traits and cyberbullying perpetration
Authors: Park Miriam Sang‐Ah , Billieux Joël , Raj Sanjana , Lee Mei Chee , Geoffrey Dianne Shaneeta , Nuyens Filip 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCyberbullying perpetration and victimisation have been associated with psychological distress, including depression and suicidal ideation. Prior studies have shown that the ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) are associated with greater likelihood of perpetration, yet there is a research gap regarding potential mediators of this relationship.AimsTo test whether functional and dysfunctional impulsivity act as mediators between Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying perpetration.MethodsA cross‐sectional online study was conducted, in which a sample of 141 university students (63% male) from Malaysia were recruited by online and local poster advertising inviting them to complete a questionnaire containing a series of psychometric scales, including measures of ‘Dark Triad’ personality traits, impulsivity and cyberbullying perpetration.ResultsA relationship between cyberbullying perpetration and higher psychopathy scale scores was mediated by dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity. The relationship between cyberbullying and narcissism scores was not mediated by impulsivity. Higher Machiavellianism scores were similarly associated with cyberbullying, but there was no correlation at all between Machiavellianism and impulsivity scores.ConclusionOur findings add to the literature by showing that not only Dark Triad scale scores are associated with cyberbullying, but that difficulty in refraining from or controlling impulsive behaviours (dysfunctional impulsivity) may be a key component in this relationship. Given that our sample was of generally well‐functioning people, our findings may not extend to those with serious cyberbullying problems. Yet, they provide avenues for identifying people at risk of such behaviours before problems become well‐established and call for more nuanced approaches towards understanding and intervening with problematic cyberbullying.
Quantitative study on impact damage of honey peaches based on reflection, absorbance, and Kubelka‐Munk spectrum combined with color characteristics
Authors: Li Bin , Zou Jiping , Su Chengtao , Zhang Feng , Liu Yande , Wu Jian , Chen Nan , Xiao Yihua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImpact damage is one of the key factors affecting the quality of honey peaches. Quantitative study of impact damage is of great significance for the sorting of postharvest quality of honey peaches. In order to realize the quantitative prediction of impact damage of honey peaches, the impact damage of honey peaches was quantitatively studied based on the fusion of color characteristics with reflection spectra (R), absorbance spectra (A), and Kubelka‐Munk spectra (K‐M). The mechanical parameters of honey peaches during collision were obtained using a single pendulum collision device. Reflectance spectra and color characteristics of damaged honey peaches were obtained by a hyperspectral imaging system. The R spectra were converted into A and K‐M spectra, and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was built based on the three spectra and the three spectra combined with color characteristics for quantitative prediction of mechanical parameters. The results show that the prediction performance of the PLSR model is improved by combining color features with spectral information. In order to eliminate the redundant information in the spectral data, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm was used to select the characteristic wavelengths of the three spectra, and the selected characteristic wavelengths were fused with the color features to establish the PLSR model. The results show that the PLSR model built by the characteristic wavelengths of the A spectrum combined with the color features has the best prediction performance for the mechanical parameters. The RP value for maximum force is 0.862, and the RP value for damage depth is 0.894. The results of this study not only provide the theoretical support for the quality sorting, packaging, and transportation of honey peaches but also provide the reference for the biomechanical properties of various agricultural products.
Assessment of adulteration of sage (Salvia sp.) with olive leaves using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography, image analysis, and multivariate linear modeling
Authors: Tomčić Nina , Jankov Milica , Ristivojević Petar , Trifković Jelena , Andrić Filip 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccording to the study carried out at the University of Bristol, 60% of oregano spices present on the European Union (EU) market are adulterated with olive, myrtle, cistus, and hazelnut leaves. According to the same authors, the sage products are adulterated by similar bulking agents. The aim of this study was to assess possibilities for detection of sage adulteration by olive leaves using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with digital image analysis and multivariate linear regression/classification (partial least squares and partial least squares discriminant analysis). Twenty‐four samples (4 pure sage leaves, 4 pure olive leaves, and 16 mixtures of olive and sage leaves with content of added olive leaves varying in 5%, 10%, 20%, and 50%) have been prepared, extracted, and analyzed under normal‐phase conditions. Several derivatization methods were tested, and derivatized HPTLC plates were inspected under visible or ultraviolet light. Digital images of chromatograms were recorded. In order to minimize effects of intraplate and interplate peak shifts, background changes, and baseline drifts, correlation‐optimized warping, standard normal variate, and mean centering were applied to acquired signals. Partial least squares and partial least squares discriminant analysis models with moderate complexity (two to four latent variables) based on chromatographic signals obtained after derivatization by FeCl3, anisaldehyde–sulfuric acid, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl demonstrated good statistical performances with R2 ranging 0.894–0.998 and relative prediction error of 4–12%. Misclassification error <4% was obtained in the case of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and anisaldehyde–sulfuric acid derivatization. Therefore, HPTLC combined with multivariate image analysis, signal processing, and linear modeling proved to be promising, cost‐effective chromatographic tool for assessment of sage adulteration by olive leaves.
A Three‐Dimensional Non‐Fullerene Acceptor with Contorted Hexabenzocoronene and Perylenediimide for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Xin , Yang Lei , Pan Yangyang , Yang Yuqin , Ding Xuming , Wan Chuanming , Zhang Zhuo , Luo Yun , Zhou Qinghai , Wang Liwei , Xiao Shengxiong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough fullerene derivatives such as [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61/C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM/PC71BM) have dominated the the photoactive acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) for decades, they have several drawbacks such as weak absorption, limited structural tunability, prone to aggregation, and high costs of production. Constructing non‐fullerene small molecules with three‐dimensional (3D) molecular geometry is one of the strategies to replace fullerenes in OSCs. In this study, a 3D molecule, contorted hexa‐cata‐hexabenzocoronene tetra perylenediimide (HBC‐4‐PDI), was designed and synthesized. HBC‐4‐PDI shows a wide and strong light absorption in the whole UV‐vis region as well as suitable energy levels as an acceptor for OSCs. More importantly, the 3D construction effectively reduced the self‐aggregation of c‐HBC, leading to an appropriate scale phase separation of the blend film morphology in OSCs. A preliminary power conversion efficiency of 2.70 % with a champion open‐circuit voltage of 1.06 V was obtained in OSCs with HBC‐4‐PDI as the acceptor, which was the highest among the previously reported OSCs based on c‐HBC derivatives. The results indicated that HBC‐4‐PDI may serve as a good non‐fullerene acceptor for OSCs.
Anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: genetic evidence of high‐grade transformation from differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Gu Haiyan , Wang Jingnan , Ran Wenwen , Li Guangqi , Hu Shasha , Zhao Han , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Jigang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most advanced and aggressive thyroid cancer, and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) lacks anaplastic histology but has lost architectural and cytologic differentiation. Only a few studies have focused on the genetic relationship between the two advanced carcinomas and coexisting differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs). In the present study, we investigated clinicopathologic features and genetic profiles in 57 ATC and PDTC samples, among which 33 cases had concomitant DTC components or DTC history. We performed immunohistochemistry for BRAF V600E, p53, and PD‐L1 expression, Sanger sequencing for TERT promoter and RAS mutations, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for ALK and RET rearrangements. We found that ATCs and PDTCs shared similar gene alterations to their coexisting DTCs, and most DTCs were aggressive subtypes harboring frequent TERT promoter mutations. A significantly higher proportion of ATCs expressed p53 and PD‐L1, and a lower proportion expressed PAX‐8 and TTF‐1, than the coexisting DTCs. Our findings provide more reliable evidence that ATCs and PDTCs are derived from DTCs.
Theoretical Study on the Structures and Electronic Properties of Tungsten Fluorides at High Pressures
Authors: Lin Jianyan , Liu Xin , Yuan Yuan , Zhao Yusen , She Weihan , Yang Guangmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition metal fluorides are a series of strong oxidizing agents. Tungsten (W) fluorides, particularly WF6, have shown broad applications such as luminescence and fluorinating agent. However, other stoichiometries of W fluorides have rarely been studied. It is well‐known that pressure can induce structural phase transition, stabilize new compounds, and produce novel properties. In this work, the high‐pressure phases of W−F were searched systematically at the pressure range of 0–200 GPa through first‐principles swarm‐intelligence structural search calculations. A new stoichiometry of WF4 has been predicted to be stable under high pressures. On the other hand, two new high‐pressure phases of WF6 with the symmetries of
/m and
‐1 were found with decahedral structural units. The electronic properties of the W−F compounds were then investigated. The predicted stable WF6 high‐pressure phases maintain semiconducting features, since the W atom provides all its valence electrons to fluorine. We evaluated the oxidizing ability of WF6 by calculating its electron affinity potential. The high pressure
/m WF6 molecular phase shows higher oxidation capacity than the ambient phase. The built pressure‐composition phase diagram and the theoretical results of W−F system provide some useful information for experimental synthesis.
Biochar application improves the yield, lodging resistance, and lignin synthesis mechanism in rice
Authors: Gong Diankai , Xu Zhengjin , Zheng Wenjing , Dai Guijin , Chen Ying , Yu Guangxing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiochar application elicits positive environmental and agricultural impacts owing to its physicochemical properties; however, the mechanism of biochar in regulating the lodging resistance in rice remains unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar application on rice yield, lodging‐related traits, and enzymes activity and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, that is, Shennong 265 and Akihikari. The biochar treatments were: 0 (B1), 5 (B2), 10 (B3), 20 (B4), and 40 (B5) t/ha. Results depicted that compared with B1, the B2 and B3 treatments improved the rice yield by 8.36%–27.62% and decreased the lodging index by 7.72%–24.14% for both rice cultivars, respectively. The increase in rice yield was mainly due to an increase in chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, and dry matter at the heading stage. The reduced lodging index in B2 and B3 was mainly owing to an increase in stem lignin and silicon content by 28.55%–62.80% and 16.27%–50.09%, respectively, that was possibly linked to an increase in lignin synthase activity and its gene expression, that is, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, caffeic acid 3‐O‐methyltransferase, 4CL3 (where 4CL is 4‐coumarate: CoA ligase), and CCR20 (where CCR is cinnamyl coenzyme A reductase). Furthermore, the numbers of large and small vascular bundles were the highest in B2 and B3 treatment for both rice cultivars. However, excess biochar applications had an inhibitory effect on rice yield. Overall, biochar application at 5–10 t/ha is an appropriate dosage to improve lodging resistance and rice yield.
Regulation of Photogenerated Redox Species through High Crystallinity Carbon Nitride for Improved C−S Coupling Reactions
Authors: Liu Chen , Ma Yukun , Lian Ronghong , Chen Jiayin , Yang Mingcheng , Cheng Jiajia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of α, β‐unsaturated sulfones through heterogeneous photocatalyzed C−S coupling reactions have been developed. The use of molten‐salt method derived carbon nitride (MCN), a transition metal‐free polymeric photocatalyst, combined with enhanced crystallinity and potassium iodide as an additive, effectively modulates photogenerated reactive redox species, markedly increasing the overall reaction selectivity. This method achieves the shortest reaction time (2 h) with high yield (up to 95 %) among the reported heterogeneous catalytic C−S bond formation reactions, matching the efficiency of the homogeneous photocatalysts. Furthermore, the application to challenging alkyne substrates has been demonstrated, underscoring the potential for a broad range of applications in pharmaceutical research and synthetic chemistry.
Design of passive filter based on magnetic integrated technology for single‐phase grid‐connected inverter
Authors: Jiang Jianbo , Li Zhenyu , Zhao Enming , Li Peng , Qu Kai , Yang Nianting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn response to the need for smaller and lighter power supply equipment, there has been a push towards higher power density in current power electronic converters. This development aligns well with the requirements of photovoltaic grid‐connected inverters. Among various passive filters utilized in these inverters, the LCL filter stands out as a popular choice. Nevertheless, it should be noted that traditional LCL filters have limited core utilization and exhibit significant redundancy. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a magnetic integrated passive filter based on ripple transfer technology and carries out volume optimization design. Compared to the conventional LCL filter, the magnetic integrated passive filter offers a reduction in size and weight while preserving its capability to ripples attenuate. Finally, a laboratory prototype with a rated power of 2 kW is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed magnetic integrated passive filter.
Cross‐blockchain decentralized asset transfer protocol for public blockchains
Authors: Monika  , Bhatia Rajesh 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe lack of interoperability between blockchains is a primary barrier to adopting the technology. Blockchains suffer from vendor lock‐ins as users cannot easily move their assets between blockchains. To resolve this issue, we propose a cross‐chain decentralized asset transfer protocol for blockchains without involving any intermediaries. Cross‐chain transactions can be efficiently executed using our proposed protocol without including any centralized third party. Most of the existing asset transfer solutions neglect the transaction finality guarantees; however, the protocol presented in this paper keeps track of transaction finality, providing transaction irreversibility guarantees and preventing assets from being lost in the transfer process. The reference implementation for the proposed protocol consists of smart contracts and a Web API for carrying out the cross‐chain transfer of assets. The proposed protocol is experimentally validated for the transfer of assets between Ethereum and Binance testnets. The performance testing shows that the cost of the proposed protocol is acceptable.