bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cannabis use disorder and perioperative outcomes in adult colectomy patients: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Lo Brian D. , Chen Sophia Y. , Stem Miloslawa , Papanikolaou Angelos , Gabre‐Kidan Alodia , Safar Bashar , Efron Jonathan E. , Atallah Chady 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe decriminalization of cannabis across the United States has led to an increased number of patients reporting cannabis use prior to surgery. However, it is unknown whether preoperative cannabis use disorder (CUD) increases the risk of postoperative complications among adult colectomy patients.MethodsAdult patients undergoing an elective colectomy were retrospectively analyzed from the National Inpatient Sample database (2004–2018). To control for potential confounders, patients with CUD, defined using ICD‐9/10 codes, were propensity score matched to patients without CUD in a 1:1 ratio. The association between preoperative CUD and composite morbidity, the primary outcome of interest, was assessed. Subgroup analyses were performed after stratification by age (≥50 years).ResultsAmong 432,018 adult colectomy patients, 816 (0.19%) reported preoperative CUD. The prevalence of CUD increased nearly three‐fold during the study period from 0.8/1000 patients in 2004 to 2.0/1000 patients in 2018 (P‐trend<0.001). After propensity score matching, patients with CUD exhibited similar rates of composite morbidity (140 of 816; 17.2%) as those without CUD (151 of 816; 18.5%) (p = 0.477). Patients with CUD also had similar anastomotic leak rates (CUD: 5.64% vs. No CUD: 6.25%; p = 0.601), hospital lengths of stay (CUD: 5 days, IQR 4–7 vs. No CUD: 5 days, IQR 4–7) (p = 0.415), and hospital charges as those without CUD. Similar findings were seen among patients aged ≥50 years in the subgroup analysis.ConclusionsThough the prevalence of CUD has increased drastically over the past 15 years, preoperative CUD was not associated with an increased risk of composite morbidity among adult patients undergoing an elective colectomy.
Dissipative MHD flow of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid over an inclined stretching sheet with heat source and mass flux due to temperature gradient
Authors: Swain Bharat Keshari , Kar Satyabrat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn analysis has been made to illuminate the unsteady MHD slip flow of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid of water conveying spherical Cu, cylindrical Al2O3, and platelet Ag nanoparticles over an inclined stretching sheet. The above complex scenario explores how the presence of a magnetic field affects the behavior of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid over an inclined stretching surface. Understanding this interaction is crucial in advanced thermal systems like cooling mechanisms and energy generation technologies. The study can provide insights into optimizing heat transfer rates, enhancing thermal conductivity and improving efficiency in practical applications by manipulating the flow characteristics and temperature distribution in the system. The heat transfer has been analyzed incorporating Darcy dissipation and heat source in the presence of 1st order velocity slip. The presence of Soret effect makes the study more congenial. Using similarity transformation technique, the governing partial differential equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations. The reduced system is dealt with 4th order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique. The comparison with earlier results gives a reliability of present results. The important findings are: velocity of the flow decelerates for higher values of 1st order slip parameter, velocity of the flow increases with increase in Soret number, increasing values of chemical reaction parameter lead to lower concentration in both the cases, that is, with or without velocity slip.
Topology and orientation optimization of multi-material hinge-free composite compliant mechanisms under multiple design-dependent loadings
Authors: Lu Yifu , Tong Liyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCompliant mechanisms with multiple input loads and output ports are commonly applied in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), while compliant mechanisms under design-dependent pressure loadings (such as pneumatic or hydraulic) can generate smooth and compatible deformations. Combining these two types of problems, we propose the design problem of compliant mechanisms under multiple design-dependent loadings. To potentially improve the structural performances, fiber-reinforced composite materials are introduced, and multi-material topology optimization and material orientation optimization are considered simultaneously, which enables the materials to be anisotropic and heterogeneous. Since compliant mechanisms utilize elastic deformation to transmit input forces or displacements to output forces or displacements, anisotropic and heterogeneous material can increase the freedoms in displacement and force transmissions compared to conventional homogeneous isotropic material. The topology optimization is implemented via an extended moving iso-surface threshold (MIST) method for multi-material, in which a novel element-based searching scheme is employed for tracking multiple fluid–structure interfaces. The orientation optimization is achieved via an analytical solution derived for fully anisotropic materials and multi-input-multi-output compliant mechanisms. Numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the present MIST method to design multi-material hinge-free compliant mechanisms under multiple design-dependent loadings.
A novel ionospheric TEC mapping function with azimuth parameters and its application to the Chinese region
Authors: Huo Xingliang , Long Yuanliang , Liu Haojie , Yuan Yunbin , Liu Qi , Li Ying , Liu Mingming , Liu Yanwen , Sun Weihong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ionospheric mapping function (MF) for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a mutual projection method for the slant total electron content (STEC) and vertical total electron content, is one of the significant factors affecting the performance of ionospheric models. The commonly used MF assumes isotropic TEC variations and takes into account only the satellite elevation angle, which may result in significant ionospheric projection errors, especially at low elevation angles. Based on the single-layer model, we propose an additional azimuth parameter mapping function (APMF). The APMF was estimated and evaluated by the NeQuick model during the periods of January 2014 and January 2022 from the aspect of simulation and measured STEC during the periods of 2014 and 2022 from the aspect of actual measurements over China, respectively. Compared to the modified single-layer model mapping function (MSLM-MF), the experimental results indicate that (1) The APMF can significantly reduce the ionospheric projection error, and the fluctuation in errors with different azimuth angles is small. (2) According to the evaluation based on the NeQuick simulation during the TEC peak time, when the ionosphere is quite active, the upper and lower quartiles of the absolute projection error boxplot of the APMF relative to the MSLM-MF in January 2014 are reduced by 56.1% and 60.0%, respectively, and in January 2022, they are reduced by 67.7% and 65.2%, respectively. Similarly, the upper whiskers in the boxplot are reduced by 54.7% and 67.5% in January 2014 and January 2022, respectively; the APMF performance in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) is improved by 47.0% in January 2014 and 58.3% in January 2022. (3) According to the evaluation based on the measured STEC from GNSS raw data during the TEC peak time, the upper and lower quartiles of the absolute mapping error boxplot of the APMF relative to the MSLM-MF in 2014 are reduced by 48.9% and 46.9%, respectively, while in 2022, they are reduced by 48.3% and 41.2%, respectively. The upper whiskers in the boxplot are reduced by 41.8% and 35.2% in 2014 and 2022, respectively; the APMF performance in terms of RMSE is improved by 44.6% in 2014 and 39.2% in 2022.
Quantitative estimates for bounded holomorphic semigroups
Authors: Hytönen Tuomas , Lappas Stefanos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe revisit the theory of one-parameter semigroups of linear operators on Banach spaces in order to prove quantitative bounds for bounded holomorphic semigroups. Subsequently, relying on these bounds we obtain new quantitative versions of two recent results of Xu related to the vector-valued Littlewood–Paley–Stein theory for symmetric diffusion semigroups.
Prevalence of burnout among German radiologists: a call to action
Authors: Bastian Moritz B. , Fröhlich Laureen , Wessendorf Joel , Scheschenja Michael , König Alexander M. , Jedelska Jarmila , Mahnken Andreas H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
In the presence of escalating global concerns regarding physician burnout, this study aims to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among radiologists in Germany.

Methods
A comprehensive online survey, inclusive of 73 targeted questions including a German-modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, was distributed among all members of the German Radiological Society and the German Interventional Radiological Society between May and August 2023. The survey encompassed aspects of employment, workload, well-being, and coping mechanisms. Data from 172 completed surveys were analyzed, with correlations explored via crosstabs and the Pearson-chi-square test.

Results
In total, 76.7% of participating radiologists were identified to be burnt out. The prevalence was significantly associated with increased workload, reduced sleep quality, suboptimal working conditions, reduced job satisfaction, and the negative interplay between work, family life, and health. Median work satisfaction was described as “satisfied” while median workload was assessed as “frequently overwhelming of work.” A total of 41.9% of respondents noted facing daily time pressure. Radiologists’ concerns about work interfering with private family life were voiced by approximately 70%, and 73.3% highlighted the perceived negative effects on their health.

Conclusion
The pronounced prevalence of burnout among German radiologists demonstrates an urgent, unmet need for comprehensive interventions and systemic changes. Our findings act as a catalyst for initiating targeted, multifaceted strategies and dialogs, essential for fostering a resilient and effective healthcare ecosystem. Further large-scale systematic studies should follow to analyze the findings in broad.

Clinical relevance statement
Consistent with other countries, there is a high prevalence of burnout among radiologists in Germany. A call for further investigation is recommended to help mitigate adverse outcomes associated with physician burnout.

Key Points
• The prevalence of burnout has yet not been evaluated for German radiologists.
• German radiologists have a high prevalence of burnout.
• Steps must be implemented to engage this problem to prevent worsening.

Graphical abstract
The niche matters: origin, function and fate of CNS-associated macrophages during health and disease
Authors: Dalmau Gasull Adrià , Glavan Martina , Samawar Sai K. Reddy , Kapupara Kishan , Kelk Joe , Rubio Marina , Fumagalli Stefano , Sorokin Lydia , Vivien Denis , Prinz Marco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere are several cellular and acellular structural barriers associated with the brain interfaces, which include the dura, the leptomeninges, the perivascular space and the choroid plexus epithelium. Each structure is enriched by distinct myeloid populations, which mainly originate from erythromyeloid precursors (EMP) in the embryonic yolk sac and seed the CNS during embryogenesis. However, depending on the precise microanatomical environment, resident myeloid cells differ in their marker profile, turnover and the extent to which they can be replenished by blood-derived cells. While some EMP-derived cells seed the parenchyma to become microglia, others engraft the meninges and become CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), also referred to as border-associated macrophages (BAMs), e.g., leptomeningeal macrophages (MnMΦ). Recent data revealed that MnMΦ migrate into perivascular spaces postnatally where they differentiate into perivascular macrophages (PvMΦ). Under homeostatic conditions in pathogen-free mice, there is virtually no contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to MnMΦ and PvMΦ, but rather to macrophages of the choroid plexus and dura. In neuropathological conditions in which the blood–brain barrier is compromised, however, an influx of bone marrow-derived cells into the CNS can occur, potentially contributing to the pool of CNS myeloid cells. Simultaneously, resident CAMs may also proliferate and undergo transcriptional and proteomic changes, thereby, contributing to the disease outcome. Thus, both resident and infiltrating myeloid cells together act within their microenvironmental niche, but both populations play crucial roles in the overall disease course. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the sources and fates of resident CAMs in health and disease, and the role of the microenvironment in influencing their maintenance and function.
Switching of biological therapy to dupilumab in comorbid patients with severe asthma and CRSwNP
Authors: Rosso Cecilia , De Corso Eugenio , Conti Valerio , Nitro Letizia , Saibene Alberto Maria , Parazzini Elena , Rinaldo Rocco , De Pascalis Sabrina , Arnone Flavio , Centanni Stefano , Montuori Claudio , D’Auria Leandro Maria , Felisati Giovanni , Pipolo Carlotta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Nowadays, several efficacious biologic drugs are used for severe asthma with or without chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, it has been observed that not all comorbid patients (asthma/CRSwNP) receiving biologic treatment for asthma experience satisfactory control of both conditions equally.

Methods
We selected 20 patients who had both severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP under biological treatment with benralizumab, omalizumab or mepolizumab with adequate control of asthma but inadequate control of nasal symptoms. Patients were switched to dupilumab and outcomes were evaluated at baseline (T0), at 3 months (T1), at 6 months (T2), at 12 months (T3) and finally at 18 months (T4). Data were collected at each time point including blood tests measuring eosinophil levels and total IgE, SNOT22, ACT, NPS score, rhinomanometry, olfactory testing, and nasal cytology.

Results
The results showed an overall improvement in all the outcomes. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed consistently with existing literature. All patients registered an improvement in sinonasal outcomes, while only one patient had a worsening of asthma. Three patients interrupted the therapy due to various causes: poor asthma control, onset of psoriasis and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions
The response to a biologic treatment for CRSwNP control may be heterogenous and it seems that patients may benefit from switching improving control in equal measure in the upper and lower airway. Further studies to explore the endotype/phenotype which best fits with each biologic are mandatory to personalize the therapy.
Comparative epigenomics indicate a common origin of ectopic and intrasellar corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors/adenomas: a case report
Authors: Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Braune Max , Sandner Benjamin , Dottermusch Matthias , Lindner Dirk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEctopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET)/adenomas are rare and diagnostically challenging extra-sellar tumors. Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of epigenomic analyses in the diagnostics of sellar neoplasms and characterized the close relationship of epigenomic signatures and cellular origins of PitNET/adenomas. As of today, little is known about the pathogenesis of ectopic PitNET/adenomas, and epigenomic analyses have not been performed in these rare tumors. We report on the clinical course of an 81-year-old patient with sphenoid ectopic sparsely granulated corticotroph PitNET/adenoma and deploy genome-wide DNA methylation analysis to compare its methylation profile to a reference cohort of sellar neoplasms. Genome-wide methylation analysis revealed an epigenomic profile analogous to reference sellar corticotroph PitNET/adenomas, and the copy number variation profile showed loss of chromosomes 18 and 22. The methylation profile shows concordance with sellar corticotroph PitNET/adenomas suggesting a common cellular origin and confirming the reliability of methylation analyses as a diagnostic method in these rare tumors. This is the first data suggesting that epigenetic profiles of ectopic PitNET/adenoma do not differ from their sellar counterparts.
Screening for functional gastrointestinal disorders in preterm infants up to 12 months of corrected age: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Aydemir Yusuf , Aydemir Ozge , Dinleyici Meltem , Saglik Adviye Cakil , Cam Demet , Kaya Tugba Barsan , Canpolat Fuat Emre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by a variety of symptoms that are frequently age-dependent, chronic, or recurrent and are not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. There are studies in the literature reporting different results regarding the relationship between prematurity and FGIDs. The main objective of this study was to compare the frequency of FGIDs between preterm and term infants. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether there was any association between neonatal characteristics and development of FGIDs. A multicenter prospective cohort study that included preterm infants born before 37 weeks of gestation and healthy term infants was carried out. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age, infants were assessed for the presence of FGIDs using the Rome IV criteria. In preterm infants, an additional follow-up visit was made at 12 months corrected age. 134 preterm and 104 term infants were enrolled in the study. Infantile colic, rumination syndrome, functional constipation, and infant dyschezia were more common in preterm infants. Incidence of other FGIDs (infant regurgitation, functional diarrhea and cyclic vomiting syndrome) were similar among preterm and term infants. Preterm infants who are exclusively breastfeed in the first 6 months of life have a lower incidence of infantile colic (18.8% vs 52.1%, p = 0.025). In terms of chronological age, FGIDs symptoms started later in preterm infants; this difference was statistically significant for infantile colic and regurgitation (median age 2 months vs 1 month, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Preterm infants have a higher prevalence of FGIDs compared with term controls. Therefore, especially if they have gastrointestinal complaints, they should be screened for FGIDs. Possibly due to maturational differences, the time of occurrence of FGIDs may differ in preterm infants. Infantile colic incidence decreases with exclusive breastfeeding.

What is Known:• The functional gastrointestinal disorders are a very common in infancy.• Data on preterm infants with FGIDs are currently very limited.

What is New:• Preterm infants have a higher incidence of infantile colic, rumination syndrome, functional constipation and infant dyschezia when compared to term infants.• Preterm infants who are exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life experience a lower incidence of infantile colic.
Optimizing long-short-term memory models via metaheuristics for decomposition aided wind energy generation forecasting
Authors: Pavlov-Kagadejev Marijana , Jovanovic Luka , Bacanin Nebojsa , Deveci Muhammet , Zivkovic Miodrag , Tuba Milan , Strumberger Ivana , Pedrycz Witold 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPower supply from renewable energy is an important part of modern power grids. Robust methods for predicting production are required to balance production and demand to avoid losses. This study proposed an approach that incorporates signal decomposition techniques with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks tuned via a modified metaheuristic algorithm used for wind power generation forecasting. LSTM networks perform notably well when addressing time-series prediction, and further hyperparameter tuning by a modified version of the reptile search algorithm (RSA) can help improve performance. The modified RSA was first evaluated against standard CEC2019 benchmark instances before being applied to the practical challenge. The proposed tuned LSTM model has been tested against two wind production datasets with hourly resolutions. The predictions were executed without and with decomposition for one, two, and three steps ahead. Simulation outcomes have been compared to LSTM networks tuned by other cutting-edge metaheuristics. It was observed that the introduced methodology notably exceed other contenders, as was later confirmed by the statistical analysis. Finally, this study also provides interpretations of the best-performing models on both observed datasets, accompanied by the analysis of the importance and impact each feature has on the predictions.
Elk herd optimizer: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi , Awadallah Mohammed A. , Braik Malik Shehadeh , Makhadmeh Sharif , Doush Iyad Abu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel nature-inspired swarm-based optimization algorithm called elk herd optimizer (EHO). It is inspired by the breeding process of the elk herd. Elks have two main breeding seasons: rutting and calving. In the rutting season, the elk herd splits into different families of various sizes. This division is based on fighting for dominance between bulls, where the stronger bull can form a family with large numbers of harems. In the calving season, each family breeds new calves from its bull and harems. This inspiration is set in an optimization context where the optimization loop consists of three operators: rutting season, calving season, and selection season. During the selection season, all families are merged, including bulls, harems, and calves. The fittest elk herd will be selected for use in the upcoming rutting and calving seasons. In simple words, EHO divides the population into a set of groups, each with one leader and several followers in the rutting season. The number of followers is determined based on the fitness value of its leader group. Each group will generate new solutions based on its leader and followers in the calving season. The members of all groups including leaders, followers, and new solutions are combined and the fittest population is selected in the selection season. The performance of EHO is assessed using 29 benchmark optimization problems utilized in the CEC-2017 special sessions on real-parameter optimization and four traditional real-world engineering design problems. The comparative results were conducted against ten well-established metaheuristic algorithms and showed that the proposed EHO yielded the best results for almost all the benchmark functions used. Statistical testing using Friedman’s test post-hocked by Holm’s test function confirms the superiority of the proposed EHO when compared to other methods. In a nutshell, EHO is an efficient nature-inspired swarm-based optimization algorithm that can be used to tackle several optimization problems.