bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major in-hospital complications after catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: individual case analysis of 43 031 procedures
Authors: Eckardt Lars , Doldi Florian , Anwar Omar , Gessler Nele , Scherschel Katharina , Kahle Ann-Kathrin , von Falkenhausen Aenne S , Thaler Raffael , Wolfes Julian , Metzner Andreas , Meyer Christian , Willems Stephan , Köbe Julia , Lange Philipp Sebastian , Frommeyer Gerrit , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Kääb Stefan , Steinbeck Gerhard , Sinner Moritz F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
In-hospital complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) may be overestimated by analyses of administrative data.

Methods and results
We determined the incidences of in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, and stroke around AF, AFL, and VT ablations in four German tertiary centres between 2005 and 2020. All cases were coded by the G-DRG- and OPS-systems. Uniform code search terms were applied defining both the types of ablations for AF, AFL, and VT and the occurrence of major adverse events including femoral vascular complications, iatrogenic tamponade, stroke, and in-hospital death. Importantly, all complications were individually reviewed based on patient-level source records. Overall, 43 031 ablations were analysed (30 361 AF; 9364 AFL; 3306 VT). The number of ablations/year more than doubled from 2005 (n = 1569) to 2020 (n = 3317) with 3 times and 2.5 times more AF and VT ablations in 2020 (n = 2404 and n = 301, respectively) as compared to 2005 (n = 817 and n = 120, respectively), but a rather stable number of AFL ablations (n = 554 vs. n = 612). Major peri-procedural complications occurred in 594 (1.4%) patients. Complication rates were 1.1% (n = 325) for AF, 1.0% (n = 95) for AFL, and 5.3% (n = 175) for VT. With an increase in complex AF/VT procedures, the overall complication rate significantly increased (0.76% in 2005 vs. 1.81% in 2020; P = 0.004); but remained low over time. Following patient-adjudication, all in-hospital cardiac tamponades (0.7%) and strokes (0.2%) were related to ablation. Major femoral vascular complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in 0.4% of all patients. The in-hospital mortality rate adjudicated to be ablation-related was lower than the coded mortality rate: AF: 0.03% vs. 0.04%; AFL: 0.04% vs. 0.14%; VT: 0.42% vs. 1.48%.

Conclusion
Major adverse events are low and comparable after catheter ablation for AFL and AF (∼1.0%), whereas they are five times higher for VT ablations. In the presence of an increase in complex ablation procedures, a moderate but significant increase in overall complications from 2005–20 was observed. Individual case analysis demonstrated a lower than coded ablation-related in-hospital mortality. This highlights the importance of individual case adjudication when analysing administrative data.
Male harm suppresses female fitness, affecting the dynamics of adaptation and evolutionary rescue
Authors: Gómez-Llano Miguel , Faria Gonçalo S , García-Roa Roberto , Noble Daniel W A , Carazo Pau 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One of the most pressing questions we face as biologists is to understand how climate change will affect the evolutionary dynamics of natural populations and how these dynamics will in turn affect population recovery. Increasing evidence shows that sexual selection favors population viability and local adaptation. However, sexual selection can also foster sexual conflict and drive the evolution of male harm to females. Male harm is extraordinarily widespread and has the potential to suppress female fitness and compromise population growth, yet we currently ignore its net effects across taxa or its influence on local adaptation and evolutionary rescue. We conducted a comparative meta-analysis to quantify the impact of male harm on female fitness and found an overall negative effect of male harm on female fitness. Negative effects seem to depend on proxies of sexual selection, increasing inversely to the female relative size and in species with strong sperm competition. We then developed theoretical models to explore how male harm affects adaptation and evolutionary rescue. We show that, when sexual conflict depends on local adaptation, population decline is reduced, but at the cost of slowing down genetic adaptation. This trade-off suggests that eco-evolutionary feedback on sexual conflict can act like a double-edged sword, reducing extinction risk by buffering the demographic costs of climate change, but delaying genetic adaptation. However, variation in the mating system and male harm type can mitigate this trade-off. Our work shows that male harm has widespread negative effects on female fitness and productivity, identifies potential mechanistic factors underlying variability in such costs across taxa, and underscores how acknowledging the condition-dependence of male harm may be important to understand the demographic and evolutionary processes that impact how species adapt to environmental change.
Estimating the potential impact of a health tax on the demand for unhealthy food and beverages and on tax revenue in India
Authors: Varghese Beena , Panicker Rajashree , Mukhopadhyay Dripto , Backholer Kathryn , Sethi Vani , de Wagt Arjan , Murira Zivai , Bhatia Neena , Arora Monika 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Foods high in fat, sugar or salt are important contributors to the rising burden of non-communicable diseases globally and in India. Health taxes (HTs) have been used by over 70 countries as an effective tool for reducing consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs). However, the potential impacts of HTs on consumption and on revenues have not been estimated in India. This paper aims to estimate the potential impact of health taxes on the demand for sugar, SSBs and foods high in fat, sugar or salt (HFSS) in India while exploring its impact on tax revenues. PE of sugar was estimated using Private Final Consumption Expenditure and Consumer Price Index data while price elasticities for SSBs and HFSS were obtained from literature. The reduction in demand was estimated for an additional 10–30% HT added to the current goods and services tax, for varying levels of price elasticities. The results show that for manufacturers of sweets and confectionaries who buy sugar in bulk and assuming a higher price elasticity of −0.70, 20% additional HT (total tax 48%) would result in 13–18% decrease in the demand for sugar used for confectionaries and sweets. For SSBs, HT of 10–30% would result in 7–30% decline in the demand of SSBs. For HFSS food products, 10–30% HT would result in 5–24% decline in the demand for HFSS products. These additional taxes would increase tax revenues for the government by 12–200% across different scenarios. Taxing unhealthy foods is likely to reduce demand, while increasing government revenues for reinvestment back into public health programmes and policies that may reduce obesity and the incidence of non-communicable diseases in India.
Factors Associated With Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in SPARC-IBD
Authors: Alizadeh Madeline , Motwani Kiran , Siaton Bernadette C , Abutaleb Ameer , Ravel Jacques , Cross Raymond K ,   SPARC-IBD Investigators, Russ Kirk , Bewtra Meena , Lewis James , Cross Raymond , Wong Uni , Snapper Scott , Korzenik Josh , Bishu Shrinivas , Duerr Rick , Saha Sumona , Caldera Freddy , Raffals Laura , Shukla Richa , Dassopoulos Themistocles , Bohm Matthew , Beniwal-Patel Poonam , Hudesman David , Brook Lauren , Pekow Joel , Scoville Elizabeth , Ciorba Matthew , Deepak Parakkal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a common and debilitating feature of disease, occurring in up to 40% of patients with IBD, yet predicting who may develop them is difficult. The goal of our study was to better characterize which patients may be at highest risk of developing not only 1 EIM, but also multiple EIMs, across both diseases.

Methods
A retrospective study of participants enrolled in the SPARC IBD (Study of Prospective Adult Research Cohort with IBD) registry was performed, and demographic and clinical data were analyzed. A total of 1211 patients with data available on EIMs were included, and differences among variables with vs without EIMs were assessed.

Results
A total of 329 participants with at least 1 EIM were identified, compared with 882 participants without any EIMs. Crohn’s disease patients and women were more likely to have 2 or more EIMs (P = .005 and P ≤ .001, respectively). Participants with ocular manifestations were likeliest to have at least 2 EIMs (P ≤ .001). Even when diagnosis was controlled for, involvement of the right colon (P = .021) was predictive of IBD-associated arthritis across both diseases in a multivariate generalized linear model.

Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive large-cohort assessment of how EIMs relate to one another at the individual vs systems levels. Further, our analysis is the first to recognize specific locations of colon involvement associated with EIMs of IBD, regardless of IBD type. These results are important in identifying patients at risk of developing future EIMs and may help with risk stratification when choosing treatments.
Fungal Microbiota Composition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Characterization in Different Phenotypes and Correlation With Clinical Activity and Disease Course
Authors: Catalán-Serra Ignacio , Thorsvik Silje , Beisvag Vidar , Bruland Torunn , Underhill David , Sandvik Arne Kristian , Granlund Atle van Beelen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
There is growing evidence of the role of the mycobiome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Variations within phenotypes and activity and with prognosis have been poorly studied.

Methods
A total of 111 individuals were prospectively enrolled: 89 IBD patients (52 ulcerative colitis and 37 Crohn’s disease [CD]) and 22 healthy individuals. Disease characteristics were collected and a fecal calprotectin &gt;100 μg/mg was considered indicative of activity. A subset of patients was followed for 6 ± 2 years. Disease course was designated as either complicated or uncomplicated based on the need of intensified medication and/or surgery. ITS sequencing was performed targeting the ITS1 region.

Results
We found lower Ascomycota/Basidiomycota ratio in IBD. Patients showed a marked increase in Candida dublinensis and Ca albicans and were depleted of Aspergillus rubrobrunneus and Penicillium brevicompactum (P ≤ .001) Saccharomyces was predominant in total colitis and Penicillium in proctitis. Several Penicillium species were depleted in total colitis vs proctitis. Ileal CD patients were enriched in Debaromyces hansenii and depleted of Ca tropicalis (P ≤ .001). Ca albicans was overrepresented in inflammatory (B1) vs fibrostenosing (B2) CD. Ca dublinensis was more abundant in active patients and correlated positively with fecal calprotectin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, while S pastorianus correlated inversely with activity. Ca sake was associated with complicated disease and increased abundance of Cryptococcus carnescens with the need for surgery in CD.

Conclusions
This study shows important differences in the mycobiome in IBD and within phenotypes. Selected fungal species were associated with complicated disease and the need of surgery in CD. This work adds to our understanding of the role of fungi in IBD, with potential clinical implications.
AI Regulation and the Protection of Source Code
Authors: Mitchell Andrew D , Let Dominic , Tang Lingxi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly developing since the mid-20th century. Today, AI is deployed in many aspects of our daily lives and is increasingly ubiquitous. At the same time, concerns about AI, including discrimination, privacy, and security, have prompted calls for greater regulation. To this end, regulators may seek access to AI’s source code (the human-readable program for the software). However, many trade agreements contain provisions prohibiting source code disclosure as a condition for market access in the relevant countries. This article considers the tension between AI regulation and these provisions. In situations where such provisions apply, for AI regulation to remain compliant, we argue that regulators can only require access to source code in exceptional cases where the general exceptions in the General Agreement on Trade in Services apply.
A dynamic overflow triage model in an outpatient queuing system
Authors: Li Junxiang , Lu Yiling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accepted by: M. Zied Babai
In the medical service system, when the number of expert seats is in short supply, it is difficult to make full use of hospital resources by the traditional queuing method. Without changing the existing resources, an overflow model with triage in a Markov queuing system is established by overflowing a part of patients in the expert queue into the general queue under a certain condition to allocate reasonably the capacity of each outpatient. The numerical simulation using ProModel, a simulation software, shows that the average queue length, waiting time and other service indices are better than the traditional models.
Staying positive: challenges and solutions in using pure multiplicative ETS models
Authors: Svetunkov Ivan , Boylan John E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accepted by: Zied Babai
Exponential smoothing in state space form (ETS) is a popular forecasting technique, widely used in research and practice. While the additive error ETS models have been well studied, the multiplicative error ones have received much less attention in forecasting literature. Still, these models can be useful in cases, when one deals with positive data, because they are supposed to work in such situations. Unfortunately, the classical assumption of normality for the error term might break this property and lead to non-positive forecasts on positive data. In order to address this issue, we propose using Log-Normal, Gamma and Inverse Gaussian distributions, which are defined for positive values only. We demonstrate what happens with ETS(M,*,*) models in this case, discuss conditional moments of ETS with these distribution and show that they are more natural for the models than the Normal one. We conduct the simulation experiments in order to study the bias introduced by point forecasts in these models and then compare the models with different distributions. We finish the paper with an example of application, showing how pure multiplicative ETS with a positive distribution works.
Affine Stresses, Inverse Systems, and Reconstruction Problems
Authors: Murai Satoshi , Novik Isabella , Zheng Hailun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A conjecture of Kalai asserts that for $d\geq 4$, the affine type of a prime simplicial $d$-polytope $P$ can be reconstructed from the space of affine $2$-stresses of $P$. We prove this conjecture for all $d\geq 5$. We also prove the following generalization: for all pairs $(i,d)$ with $2\leq i\leq \lceil \frac d 2\rceil -1$, the affine type of a simplicial $d$-polytope $P$ that has no missing faces of dimension $\geq d-i+1$ can be reconstructed from the space of affine $i$-stresses of $P$. A consequence of our proofs is a strengthening of the Generalized Lower Bound Theorem: it was proved by Nagel that for any simplicial $(d-1)$-sphere $\Delta $ and $1\leq k\leq \lceil \frac {d}{2}\rceil -1$, $g_{k}(\Delta )$ is at least as large as the number of missing $(d-k)$-faces of $\Delta $; here we show that, for $1\leq k\leq \lfloor \frac {d}{2}\rfloor -1$, equality holds if and only if $\Delta $ is $k$-stacked. Finally, we show that for $d\geq 4$, any simplicial $d$-polytope $P$ that has no missing faces of dimension $\geq d-1$ is redundantly rigid, that is, for each edge $e$ of $P$, there exists an affine $2$-stress on $P$ with a non-zero value on $e$.
Rifampicin and protein concentrations in paired spinal versus ventricular cerebrospinal fluid samples of children with tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Combrinck Jill , Tshavhungwe Phophi , Rohlwink Ursula , Enslin Nico , Thango Nqobile , Lazarus Jed , Kriegler Katie , Castel Sandra , Abdelgawad Noha , Mcilleron Helen , Denti Paolo , Wiesner Lubbe , Figaji Anthony 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of TB. To study the disease, drug concentrations in samples obtained from the spinal CSF are usually used to reflect brain concentrations. Emerging data suggest that transport of substances across capillaries in the brain (ventricular CSF) and spinal cord may differ.

Methods
We examined paired, time-linked samples of ventricular CSF (VCSF) and lumbar CSF (LCSF) of 28 patients with TBM and analysed these for rifampicin and total protein concentrations. Clinically indicated samples from procedures to determine the level of CSF block were collected from children being treated for TBM and hydrocephalus. Total protein concentrations were determined using the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) or turbidimetry assay, and rifampicin concentrations were determined using a validated LC coupled with tandem MS method. A paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine significance.

Results
TBM was confirmed in 19 cases (68%) using TB culture or GeneXpert Mtb/Rifampicin assay. All other cases were classified as probable. The median total protein concentration in LCSF was 6.0 g/L and in VCSF was 1.3 g/L. The median rifampicin concentration in LCSF was 299 ng/mL and 133 ng/mL in VCSF. The median ratio of LCSF/VSCF for protein was 4.23 and 1.57 for rifampicin.

Conclusions
Total protein and rifampicin concentrations differed significantly between the two compartments, both being higher in LCSF than in VCSF samples (P &lt; 0.0001 for total protein and P = 0.0046 for rifampicin). Further studies are required to explore the causative reasons for the observed differences.
Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for real-time outbreak investigation of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Kon Hadas , Lurie-Weinberger Mor N , Lugassy Carmela , Chen Dafna , Schechner Vered , Schwaber Mitchell J , Hussein Khetam , Alon Tamar , Tarabeia Jalal , Hamo Moran , Firan Ibraheem , Aboalhega Worood , Lomansov Elena , Mendelsohn Sigal , Keren-Paz Alona , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Efficient infection control during carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales outbreaks demands rapid and simple techniques for outbreak investigations. WGS, the current gold standard for outbreak identification, is expensive, time-consuming and requires a high level of expertise. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (IR Biotyper) is a rapid typing method based on infrared radiation applied to samples, which provides a highly specific absorption spectrum.

Objectives
To investigate an outbreak of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli in real-time using FTIR and subsequently compare the results with WGS.

Methods
Twenty-one isolates were collected during a nosocomial outbreak, and identification and antibiotic susceptibilities were confirmed by VITEK®2. FTIR was conducted for all isolates, and nine representative isolates were sequenced.

Results
FTIR was able to correctly determine the clonal relatedness of the isolates and to identify the outbreak cluster, as confirmed by WGS. By WGS, isolates in the main FTIR cluster belonged to the same MLST type and core-genome MLST type, and they harboured similar plasmids and resistance genes, whereas the singletons external to the FTIR cluster had different genetic content.

Conclusions
FTIR can operate as a rapid, efficient and reliable first-line tool for outbreak investigations during a real-time ongoing E. coli outbreak, which can contribute to limiting the spread of pathogens.
Effect of Extraction Procedure Substitution on Automated Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, and Cyclosporine Assays
Authors: Chandras Athanasia , Mendu Damodara R , Kirchhoff Daniel C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
An erroneously high tacrolimus level was reported to a clinician. A root cause analysis investigation failed to determine the cause of the error. It was suspected that the incorrect preanalytical extraction reagent and procedure was used during testing; however, how this would affect the assayed drug concentration was unclear. Here we investigated the effect of the substitution of sirolimus, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine extraction reagents on assayed drug concentration.

Methods
Tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine concentration were measured on the Abbott Architect i2000 analyzer. Each assay requires a preanalytical extraction step, with a distinct reagent. We investigated the effect of the substitution of the extraction reagents and procedure between the 3 assays on the measured drug concentration. Two experiments were performed, one on samples of known drug concentration and one on samples with no drug present.

Results
Substituting cyclosporine and sirolimus extraction procedures increased assayed tacrolimus concentrations from 5.6 to 8.47 (+51.25%) and 8.13 (+45.18%) ng/mL, respectively. Extraction procedure substitutions decreased assayed sirolimus from 13.63 to 4.60 (−66.25%) and 8.07 (−40.79%) ng/mL for cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Cyclosporine concentration increased from 274.60 to 391.30 (+42.50%) ng/mL using sirolimus extraction reagents and to 757.30 (+175.78%) ng/mL using tacrolimus extraction reagents. Cross-reactivity was observed between the tacrolimus assay and sirolimus and cyclosporine extraction reagents.

Conclusions
Significant changes, both positive and negative, are observed in assayed drug concentration when incorrect extraction procedures are used in the Abbott i2000 tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine assays. Preanalytic extraction procedures should be investigated when performing root cause analysis for erroneous therapeutic drug values.
In situ cryo-electron tomography: a new method to elucidate cytoplasmic zoning at the molecular level
Authors: Chen Lin , Fukata Yuko , Murata Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy was developed as a powerful tool for imaging biological specimens in near-native conditions. Nowadays, advances in technology, equipment and computations make it possible to obtain structures of biomolecules with near-atomic resolution. Furthermore, cryo-electron tomography combined with continuous specimen tilting allows structural analysis of heterogeneous biological specimens. In particular, when combined with a cryo-focused ion beam scanning electron microscope, it becomes possible to directly analyse the structure of the biomolecules within cells, a process known as in situ cryo-electron tomography. This technique has the potential to visualize cytoplasmic zoning, involving liquid–liquid phase separation, caused by biomolecular networks in aqueous solutions, which has been the subject of recent debate. Here, we review advances in structural studies of biomolecules to study cytoplasmic zoning by in situ cryo-electron tomography.