bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary diversity and possible cataract among Chinese elderly population
Authors: Zhao HaiYue , Zhang Junyang , Zhou Jie , Ma Yinghui 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundWhile cataracts, the vision-clouding eye disease associated with aging, have long presumed dietary underpinnings, the relationship between dietary variety and cataract risk in developing nations has been nebulous. This research aims to investigate the association between dietary diversity scores (DDS) and the risk of cataracts, while considering various dietary diversity patterns.MethodsThis research utilized cross-sectional data from 2008 to 2018 extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), implementing the Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) to gauge cataract probability. The researchers captured participants' diet diversity by using the DDS metric and categorized it into total, animal-based, and plant-based diet patterns. To explore associations between dietary variety and cataract potential, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) was statistically modeled using the data, with adjustments made to account for potentially confounding factors. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted, excluding individuals with assorted eye conditions, to isolate cataract relationships.ResultsThe study sample comprised 47,395 participants with a mean age of 86.1 years. The study found that a lower likelihood of developing cataract was correlated with both total diet (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.69–0.79) and plant-based diet (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.61–0.71), whereas a slightly higher risk was associated with animal-based diet (OR = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.84–0.96). The results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThe diversified diets are linked to a decreased likelihood of developing cataracts, but animal-based diet faced heightened cataract odds. The implementation of a varied dietary regimen has the potential to serve as a cost-effective and efficient intervention strategy for the prevention of cataracts.
E2F1 mediates competition, proliferation and response to cisplatin in cohabitating resistant and sensitive ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Valdivia Andres , Cowan Matthew , Cardenas Horacio , Isac Ana Maria , Zhao Guangyuan , Huang Hao , Matei Daniela 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTumor heterogeneity is one of the key factors leading to chemo-resistance relapse. It remains unknown how resistant cancer cells influence sensitive cells during cohabitation and growth within a heterogenous tumors. The goal of our study was to identify driving factors that mediate the interactions between resistant and sensitive cancer cells and to determine the effects of cohabitation on both phenotypes.MethodsWe used isogenic ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines pairs, sensitive and resistant to platinum: OVCAR5 vs. OVCAR5 CisR and PE01 vs. PE04, respectively, to perform long term direct culture and to study the phenotypical changes of the interaction of these cells.ResultsLong term direct co-culture of sensitive and resistant OC cells promoted proliferation (p &lt; 0.001) of sensitive cells and increased the proportion of cells in the G1 and S cell cycle phase in both PE01 and OVCAR5 cells. Direct co-culture led to a decrease in the IC50 to platinum in the cisplatin-sensitive cells (5.92 µM to 2.79 µM for PE01, and from 2.05 µM to 1.51 µM for OVCAR5). RNAseq analysis of co-cultured cells showed enrichment of Cell Cycle Control, Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation pathways. The transcription factor E2F1 was predicted as the main effector responsible for the transcriptomic changes in sensitive cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR confirmed upregulation of E2F1 in co-cultured vs monoculture. Furthermore, an E2F1 inhibitor reverted the increase in proliferation rate induced by co-culture to baseline levels.ConclusionOur data suggest that long term cohabitation of chemo-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells drive sensitive cells to a higher proliferative state, more responsive to platinum. Our results reveal an unexpected effect caused by direct interactions between cancer cells with different proliferative rates and levels of platinum resistance, modelling competition between cells in heterogeneous tumors.
The association and clinicopathological significance of Integrin alphavbeta6 and Rac1 expression in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Yu Junjian , Jia Wenyu , Liu Qi , Yuan Antai , Jia Zhuoyu , Sun YuQi , Li Zequn , Cao Shougen 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe present study investigate the expression and correlation of ITGB6 and Rac1 proteins in gastric cancer tissues. By exploring the clinical significance and functions of these proteins, we aimed to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying gastric cancer development.Patients and methodsIn this study, a total of 198 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and who underwent gastrectomy between July 2010 to October 2012 were included. The median follow-up time was 52.00 months. To evaluate the factors influencing overall survival, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression analysis were conducted. Furthermore, an independent prognostic factor-based nomogram was constructed and validated to predict survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients. In addition, in vitro experiments including CCK8 and Transwell assays were conducted to explore the roles of ITGB6 and Rac1 in gastric cancer.ResultsThe expression levels of ITGB6 and Rac1 in gastric cancerous and paraneoplastic tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation and clinical significance of the two proteins were also investigated. ITGB6 expression showed significant associations with tumor size (P=0.030), pathological grading (P=0.013), location (P=0.031), N stage (P=0.002), and clinical stage (P=0.002). Additionally, we found that tumor size (P=0.013), tumor’s anatomical location (P=0.031), N stage (P=0.002), clinical stage (P=0.035), and survival status (P&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with the expression of Rac1. ITGB6 was moderately correlated with Rac1 (r=0.285, P&lt;0.001). Both the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model analysis demonstrated that the presence of positive expression of ITGB6 and Rac1 proteins served as independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer. These findings highlight the potential of ITGB6 and Rac1 as valuable markers for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients (HR=2.212 P&lt;0.001 and HR=2.073 P=0.001), with a significant poorer trend for 5-year survival (P&lt;0.0001, respectively, the log-rank test). Additionally, subsequent in vitro experiments preliminarily demonstrated that ITGB6 and Rac1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, and ITGB6 may functions via targeting Rac1.ConclusionITGB6 and Rac1 are indicators of poor prognosis and tumor progression in gastric cancer patients. The potential signaling pathways associated with both may provide useful targets for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Current status of vitamin D2 deficiency among children in a region of China
Authors: Liu Jia , An Zhihua , An Na , Zhao Yile , Zhang Guying , Zhao Deyun 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the current status of vitamin D2 (VD2) deficiency in hospitalized children in a region of China.MethodsThe instances of detection of vitamin D (VD) and VD2 in children who visited the hospital from January 2022 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, the relationships between VD2 level and gender and age were further analyzed. Furthermore, for departments with a high frequency of VD detection, the VD2 deficiencies in children with different diseases were further analyzed.ResultsAmong the different age groups, children aged 11–15 years exhibited the most severe VD2 deficiency, followed by those aged 7–10 years, 0–1 years, and 2–6 years. Moreover, 25(OH)D2 levels were significantly lower in children aged 7–10 years and 11–15 years compared with 2–6 years. Gender did not have an impact on the level of 25(OH)D2. When analyzing the orthopedics, dermatology, thoracic surgery, and nephroimmunology departments’ data on children's levels of 25(OH)D2, it was found that an average of approximately 76.56% had levels below &lt;1.5 ng/ml compared to individuals with levels between &gt;15 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml. The average ratio between individuals with &lt;1.5 ng/ml vs. those with &lt;15 ng/ml was found to be 91.22%.ConclusionsChildren who came to the hospital were severely deficient in VD2. The degree of deficiency was related to age, but there was no gender difference. The phenomenon of VD2 deficiency was reflected in children with both skeletal and non-skeletal diseases.
The effect of age on emotion processing in individuals with mood disorders and in healthy individuals
Authors: Gray Vanessa , Moot William , Frampton Christopher M. A. , Douglas Katie M. , Gallagher Peter , Jordan Jennifer , Carter Janet D. , Inder Maree , Crowe Marie , McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Porter Richard J. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionEmotion processing is an essential part of interpersonal relationships and social interactions. Changes in emotion processing have been found in both mood disorders and in aging, however, the interaction between such factors has yet to be examined in detail. This is of interest due to the contrary nature of the changes observed in existing research - a negativity bias in mood disorders versus a positivity effect with aging. It is also unclear how changes in non-emotional cognitive function with aging and in mood disorders, interact with these biases.Methods and resultsIn individuals with mood disorders and in healthy control participants, we examined emotional processing and its relationship to age in detail. Data sets from two studies examining facial expression recognition were pooled. In one study, 98 currently depressed individuals (either unipolar or bipolar) were compared with 61 healthy control participants, and in the other, 100 people with bipolar disorder (in various mood states) were tested on the same facial expression recognition task. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of age and mood disorder diagnosis alongside interactions between individual emotion, age, and mood disorder diagnosis. A positivity effect was associated with increasing age which was evident irrespective of the presence of mood disorder or current mood episode.DiscussionResults suggest a positivity effect occurring at a relatively early age but with no evidence of a bias toward negative emotions in mood disorder or specifically, in depressed episodes. The positivity effect in emotional processing in aging appears to occur even within people with mood disorders. Further research is needed to understand how this fits with negative biases seen in previous studies in mood disorders.
The influence of gratitude on patriotism among college students: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Hu Yunjun , Zhang Huilin , Zhang Wei , Li Qian , Cui Guanyu 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionPatriotism, a positive emotional attachment to one’s country, has been associated with prosocial behavior, social responsibility, and gratitude. It plays a crucial role in promoting social harmony and national development. However, the factors influencing patriotism and their mechanisms remain unclear. This research consists of two studies exploring the internal mechanisms that connect gratitude and patriotism.MethodsStudy 1 conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 3,826 college students to investigate the influence of gratitude on patriotism, emphasizing the mediating role of general life satisfaction and the moderating impact of socioeconomic status. This approach aimed to elucidate the complex relationships between these variables within college students. Study 2 adopted a longitudinal approach, surveying 905 college students across three-time points. This study was designed to explore the temporal mediation of general life satisfaction in the gratitude-patriotism relationship, offering insights into the evolution of these constructs over time. The sequential surveys aimed to capture the dynamic nature of gratitude’s impact on patriotism, considering the continuous interplay with general life satisfaction among college students.ResultsStudy 1 reveals a noteworthy finding: Gratitude enables the direct prediction of patriotism, while additionally, general life satisfaction plays a role between them. Furthermore, the predictive effect of gratitude on patriotism is strengthened among individuals with higher levels of socioeconomic status. However, there is no significant moderating effect between general life satisfaction and patriotism by socioeconomic status. Study 2 demonstrates that general life satisfaction plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between gratitude and patriotism, over a period of three times. However, the moderating influence of socioeconomic status was not substantiated in the longitudinal mediation model.ConclusionThese two studies shed light on the complex relationship between gratitude and patriotism. They emphasize the significance of gratitude, general life satisfaction, and socioeconomic status in shaping patriotism, offering potential avenues for understanding the internal mechanisms that influence patriotism.
Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Turkey: a modeling study
Authors: Yaylali Emine , Erdogan Zikriye Melisa , Calisir Fethi , Pullukcu Husnu , Yildirim Figen , Inan Asuman , Aydin Ozlem Altuntas , Tekin Suda , Sonmezer Meliha Cagla , Sahin Toros , Ozcagli Tahsin Gokcem , Ozelgun Berna 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTo effectively control the HIV epidemic and meet global targets, policymakers recommend the rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our study aims to investigate the effect of rapid ART programs on individuals diagnosed with HIV, considering varying coverage and initiation days after diagnosis, and compare it to standard-of-care ART treatment in Turkey.MethodsWe used a dynamic compartmental model to simulate the dynamics of HIV infection in Turkey. Rapid treatment, defined as initiation of ART within 7 days of diagnosis, was contrasted with standard-of-care treatment, which starts within 30 days of diagnosis. This study considered three coverage levels (10%, 50%, and 90%) and two rapid periods (7 and 14 days after diagnosis), comparing them to standard-of-care treatment in evaluating the number of HIV infections between 2020 and 2030.ResultsAnnual HIV incidence and prevalence for a 10-year period were obtained from model projections. In the absence of a rapid ART program, the model projected approximately 444,000 new HIV cases while the number of cases were reduced to 345,000 (22% reduction) with 90% of diagnosed cases included in the rapid ART program. Similarly, 10% and 50% rapid ART coverage has resulted in 3% and 13% reduction in HIV prevalence over a 10-year period.ConclusionRapid ART demonstrates the potential to mitigate the increasing HIV incidence in Turkey by reducing the number of infections. The benefit of the rapid ART program could be substantial when the coverage of the program reaches above a certain percentage of diagnosed population.
Research on the impact of China’s reform to delegate power, streamline administration, and optimize government services on the technology innovation efficiency of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
Authors: Gu Yang , Zhuang Qian 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe government has recently implemented reforms aimed at delegating power, streamlining administration, and optimizing government services. This reform has eliminated barriers that impede the growth of various industries, thereby unleashing innovative potential. Additionally, there have been several medical policies, including changes to medical insurance and centralized volume-based procurement. China’s pharmaceutical market has undergone significant changes, leading to increased demands for innovation technology efficiency in pharmaceutical manufacturing.MethodsThe three-stage BCC theory was employed to assess the effectiveness of technology innovation in the industry under this reform. Calculate precise comprehensive technical efficiency values, pure technical efficiency values, and scale efficiency values for technological innovation in the pharmaceutical industry across 30 provinces from 2018 to 2020, after removing environmental factors.ResultsIn 2020, Jiangsu and Shandong and nine other provinces reached the comprehensive technical efficiency frontier surface, joining Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Guangdong provinces. However, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang still need to catch up due to their smaller industrial scale and lack of technology.DiscussionTo ensure the effectiveness of reforms, it is crucial to fully consider provincial differences. Articulating national and provincial policies is necessary to allow efficient provinces to continue and allocate resources toward less efficient provinces to improve overall efficiency.
Occupational risk perception of construction workers: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mastrantonio Riccardo , Cofini Vincenza , Mastrangeli Giada , Pettinaro Mauro , Mastrodomenico Marianna , Fabiani Leila 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionConstruction workers are often exposed to significant injury risk. The aim of our study is to assess their occupational hazards and injury risk perception.MethodsWe administered 256 questionnaires to construction workers. The survey was aimed at collecting information regarding occupational risk and hazard exposure perception, risk control and behavioral self-assessment. We analyzed the data obtained in order to highlight any associations between injury risk perception and anamnestic, occupational, behavioral or perceptual factors.ResultsParticipants were prevalently males (92.37%) aged 21–60 years (94%). They showed a job seniority level of 21.3 (11.51) on average and, ranging from a 1 to 10 score, a danger awareness of 6.8 (2.9), a lack of prevention measures 6.0 (3.3), an improper behavior of 7.3 (2.7), an unpredictable fate of 6.0 (2.9). These factors resulted significantly associated with the injury risk perception. Multivariable analysis highlighted that the injury risk perception was associated with the lack of prevention measure and unpredictable fate. On the other hand, we found a negative association with the workers’ improper behaviors.ConclusionWorkers’ perception showed fairly uniform average values even when occupational risk was demonstrated. Our analysis suggests a positive correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due both to fate and to chance; it also shows a negative correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due to improper behavior. A lack of fully comparable studies confirms the need for further studies on the injury risk perception of construction workers.
The m-Component Connectivity of Leaf-Sort Graphs
Authors: Wang Shiying , Li Hongmei , Zhao Lina 
Published: January 2024

Connectivity plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance of interconnection networks. As a special class of connectivity, m-component connectivity is a natural generalization of the traditional connectivity of graphs defined in terms of the minimum vertex cut. Moreover, it is a more advanced metric to assess the fault tolerance of a graph G. Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be a non-complete graph. A subset F(F⊆V(G)) is called an m-component cut of G, if G−F is disconnected and has at least m components (m≥2). The m-component connectivity of G, denoted by cκm(G), is the cardinality of the minimum m-component cut. Let CFn denote the n-dimensional leaf-sort graph. Since many structures do not exist in leaf-sort graphs, many of their properties have not been studied. In this paper, we show that cκ3(CFn)=3n−6 (n is odd) and cκ3(CFn)=3n−7 (n is even) for n≥3; cκ4(CFn)=9n−212 (n is odd) and cκ4(CFn)=9n−242 (n is even) for n≥4.
On a Class of Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with General Growth in the Gradient
Authors: Betta M. Francesca , Mercaldo Anna , Volpicelli Roberta 
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we prove an existence and uniqueness result for a class of Dirichlet boundary value problems whose model is −Δpu=β|∇u|q+c|u|p−2u+fin Ω,u=0on ∂Ω, where Ω is an open bounded subset of RN, N≥2, 1<p<N, Δpu is the so-called p-Laplace operator, and p−1<q<p. We assume that β is a positive constant, c and f are measurable functions belonging to suitable Lorentz spaces. Our approach is based on Schauder fixed point theorem.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНА ОСНОВА ВИХОВАННЯ ПАТРІОТИЗМУ МОЛОДІ В УМОВАХ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО РОСІЙСЬКОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ
Authors: Олійник Леонід 
Published: January 2024

Анотація. Автором оглядової статті здійснено обґрунтування концептуальної основи виховання патріотизму молоді в умовах повномасштабної війни росії проти України. Окреслено зміст патріотизму молоді в умовах повномасштабного російського вторгнення. Розглянуто провідні ідеї патріотичного виховання у педагогічній теорії та освітній практиці, наголошено на важливості його значення у сучасному українському суспільстві. Визначено, що виховання патріотизму молоді в умовах повномасштабного російського вторгнення відбивається за основними напрямами: національне виховання; моральне виховання; розумове виховання; естетичне виховання; соціально-правове виховання; фізичне виховання тощо. На основі аналізу наявних наукових праць зазначено, що особистісні якості та риси характеру молоді є основою способу мислення та спонукальною силою повсякденних дій, вчинків, поведінки. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що зміст виховання патріотизму молоді визначається не лише цілеспрямовано організованим виховним процесом у закладі освіти, а й усім спектром моральних і психологічних впливів на особистість. Зазначено, що виховання патріотизму молоді в умовах повномасштабного російського вторгнення спрямовано на формування й розвиток патріотичної свідомості, самосвідомості та відповідного комплексу професійних й особистісних якостей (морально-політичних, громадянських, військово-професійних, соціально-психологічних, психічних, фізичних). Обґрунтовано, що найбільш суттєвим критерієм їх сформованості є стійка готовність до сумлінного виконання військового обов’язку та прагнення практичними справами зміцнювати Українську державу. Окреслено систему духовних, патріотичних і загальновійськових знань, навичок, умінь, норм і правил поведінки, які є основою виховання патріотизму молоді.
Ключові слова: молодь; патріотизм; патріотичне виховання; любов до Батьківщини; російсько-українська війна.