bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity slip effect on magnetized casson nanofluid over shrinking/stretching cylinder: duality and stability analysis
Authors: Yashkun Ubaidullah , Lund Liaquat Ali , Fadhel Mustafa Abbas , Shah Nehad Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of current research is to assess heat transfer characteristics over a cylinder undergoing stretching or shrinking using Cason Nanofluid. Additionally, dual solutions stability has been analyzed. The governing equations for the two-phase model consist of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are subsequently transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity transformation. The MATLAB software’s bvp4c solver is then used to numerically solve the transformed ODEs. The graph also shows the results of skin friction coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, and the Sherwood number. Furthermore, the validity of the current data is confirmed and shown to be in good agreement by comparing them to the existing literature. The variation of Casson nano fluid velocity, which is the variation of reduced skin friction coefficient

(

Re

x

1
/
2

)

C

f

,

increases as the Casson fluid parameter

β

values increase. The critical values against

β
=
5
,
10

and

∞

are

λ

c
1

=
−
1.1404
,

λ

c
2

=
−
1.2501

and

λ

c
3

=
−
1.4
116

respectively. The temperature variation indicates that the local Nusselt number variation

−
θ
′
(
0
)

decreases as the curvature parameter

γ

values increase. The first solution is characterized by positive values of the smallest eigenvalues

ε

1

>
0
,

suggesting stability. Conversely, the second solution is associated with negative values of the smallest eigenvalues

ε

1

<
0
,

indicating instability. To identify the stable and physically feasible solution, a stability analysis is performed. Graphical analysis is used to examine the influence of relevant physical parameters on the profiles of temperature, concentration, velocity and momentum.
Investigation on Ion extraction processes in M-Type electrode configuration and the influence of top electrode
Authors: Singh Priti , Maiti Namita 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the realm of ion extraction from photoplasma, the design of electrode configuration exerts a significant influence over-extraction efficiency by tailoring the vacuum gap and electric potential distribution. Over time, various electrode configurations have been explored, including parallel-plate, wire-type, M-type, and Π-type designs. Notably, the M-type configuration has shorter ion extraction times. In the present study, a comprehensive investigation of the ion extraction process with the M-Type setup is performed using a 2D2v-electrostatic Particle-in-Cell simulation. The study focuses on the spatiotemporal evolution of photoplasma, the formation of the plasma sheath, and the spatial distribution of electric potential. Subsequently, a series of computational experiments have been conducted by systematically altering the size of the top electrode in the M-type configuration, effectively transforming it into wire-type and Π-type. The objective of these experiments is to explore the impact of the top electrode on ion extraction. The obtained simulation results report a significant finding: the formation of a virtual anode between the cathodes. This distinct phenomenon substantially contributes to an exceptional level of efficiency, exceeding 90%, among different simulated configurations. Furthermore, it also reports an approximate 95% collection efficiency with minimum collection time with an M-type configuration over the Π-type electrode configuration.
The Aharonov–Bohm effect in quadratic Gauss quantum rings
Authors: Citrin D S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We outline a theory for the Aharonov–Bohm effect in a novel type of quantum ring, namely the quadratic Gauss quantum ring, here for brevity called the Gauss ring. A Gauss ring is a one-dimensional nonperiodic lattice with sites at z = z

j
= j

n

d with j ∈ {0, 1, 2, ⋯ , s + 1} (

s
∈
W

), n ≥ 2 (

n
∈
N

), and d the underlying period wrapped into a ring-shaped geometry. Here we discuss the electronic spectrum of quadratic Gauss rings (n = 2, s ∈ {0, 1, 2, ⋯ , 5, 6, 7}), and show that the spectrum can be described using theoretical tools recently devised to provide an understanding of the Gauss chain [D S Citrin (2023) Phys. Rev. B 107, 235 144]. We then consider the effect on the electronic states of a magnetic flux Φ threading the Gauss ring and show that the effect of the flux is to select specific electronic states from a periodic chain whose supercells are finite-length Gauss chains thus relating the states in the Gauss quantum ring with those in a periodic Gauss chain.
Structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of cubic perovskite LaMnX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) compound for optoelectronic applications: a DFT study
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Sana Aysha , Tahir Muhammad Bilal , Khalil Adnan , Khan Sajjad Ahmad , Karim Shahid , Azeem Waqar , Ahmad Naushad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Perovskite materials are used extensively in the area of material science for theoretical computations. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used in this study to determine the properties of the cubic halide perovskite LaMnX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I). These compounds contain PM3M-221 space groups and a cubic structure. They were created via the Cambridge serial total energy package (CASTEP) program, which also used HSE (Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof) exchange–correlation functionals. The structural, electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics of the compounds are determined.LaMnCl3, LaMnBr3, and LaMnI3all have direct bandgaps of 2.366 eV, 1.844 eV, and 1.579 eV, respectively, based on their structural characteristics. Total and partial densities of states (TDOS and PDOS) offer proof of the degree of electron localization in specific bands. Electronic studies indicate that LaMnX3 materials (X = Cl, Br, I) are semiconductors. The dielectric function’s extensive range of energy transparency can be seen in the imaginary element dispersion. LaMnCl3 compound’s absorption and conductivity are preferable to those of LaMnBr3 and LaMnI3, improving its applicability for Optoelectronic applications and work function. We found that the cubic structures of all three compounds allow them to be mechanically stable. The calculated elastic results also satisfy the compound’s mechanical strength requirements. Such materials are used in optoelectronic applications.
Highly ordered structure and susceptibility to light absorption of ZnO/calcium phosphate (5%) to enhance the stability of charge diffusion as a methylene blue bond breaker
Authors: Abdullah Buakar , Tahir Dahlang , Heryanto Heryanto , Tang Nurul Fajri R , Rahmat Roni 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The composite Zinc oxide/calcium phosphate was successfully prepared using the sol–gel method. The structural and optical properties are observed by using x-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infra-Red, respectively. The degradation of MB dye is analyzed by using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrometer. The maximum MB degradation is achieved 92.61

±

2.7% and shows the linear correlation to a high optical longitudinal position and enlarged d spacing. Superior photocatalytic activity is demonstrated by ZnO/CP_240 which has a consistent band gap due to its highly ordered structure and susceptibility to light absorption ability, thus triggering better charge diffusion stability. The empirical findings suggest that the introduction of CP at the atomic level into the crystal lattice of ZnO buffer generates a surplus of oxygen vacancies, thereby diminishing the strength of the MB bonding. This, in turn, facilitates the activation of lattice oxygen.
One-shot random forest model calibration for hand gesture decoding
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Ma Chenfei , Nazarpour Kianoush 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Most existing machine learning models for myoelectric control require a large amount of data to learn user-specific characteristics of the electromyographic (EMG) signals, which is burdensome. Our objective is to develop an approach to enable the calibration of a pre-trained model with minimal data from a new myoelectric user. Approach. We trained a random forest (RF) model with EMG data from 20 people collected during the performance of multiple hand grips. To adapt the decision rules for a new user, first, the branches of the pre-trained decision trees were pruned using the validation data from the new user. Then new decision trees trained merely with data from the new user were appended to the pruned pre-trained model. Results. Real-time myoelectric experiments with 18 participants over two days demonstrated the improved accuracy of the proposed approach when compared to benchmark user-specific RF and the linear discriminant analysis models. Furthermore, the RF model that was calibrated on day one for a new participant yielded significantly higher accuracy on day two, when compared to the benchmark approaches, which reflects the robustness of the proposed approach. Significance. The proposed model calibration procedure is completely source-free, that is, once the base model is pre-trained, no access to the source data from the original 20 people is required. Our work promotes the use of efficient, explainable, and simple models for myoelectric control.
A spiking neural network with continuous local learning for robust online brain machine interface
Authors: Taeckens Elijah A , Shah Sahil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are powerful tools that are well suited for brain machine interfaces (BMI) due to their similarity to biological neural systems and computational efficiency. They have shown comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art methods, but current training methods require large amounts of memory, and they cannot be trained on a continuous input stream without pausing periodically to perform backpropagation. An ideal BMI should be capable training continuously without interruption to minimize disruption to the user and adapt to changing neural environments. Approach. We propose a continuous SNN weight update algorithm that can be trained to perform regression learning with no need for storing past spiking events in memory. As a result, the amount of memory needed for training is constant regardless of the input duration. We evaluate the accuracy of the network on recordings of neural data taken from the premotor cortex of a primate performing reaching tasks. Additionally, we evaluate the SNN in a simulated closed loop environment and observe its ability to adapt to sudden changes in the input neural structure. Main results. The continuous learning SNN achieves the same peak correlation (

ρ
=
0.7

) as existing SNN training methods when trained offline on real neural data while reducing the total memory usage by 92%. Additionally, it matches state-of-the-art accuracy in a closed loop environment, demonstrates adaptability when subjected to multiple types of neural input disruptions, and is capable of being trained online without any prior offline training. Significance. This work presents a neural decoding algorithm that can be trained rapidly in a closed loop setting. The algorithm increases the speed of acclimating a new user to the system and also can adapt to sudden changes in neural behavior with minimal disruption to the user.
Characterization results of the first small pixel high rate (SPHIRD) pixel detector prototypes
Authors: Magalhaes Debora , Fajardo Pablo , Grybos Pawel , Kleczek Rafal , Kmon Piotr , Otfinowski Piotr , Ruat Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work presents a summary of the experimental results and the performance obtained from a first set of p-type silicon SPHIRD prototypes. The SPHIRD project (Small Pixel High Rate photon counting Detector) targets a new generation of X-ray photon counting hybrid pixel detectors for synchrotron radiation applications, with small pixels and operating between 10 and 30 keV. The readout ASIC is designed to explore techniques that boost the count rate capabilities of the detector and methods to manage, or in some cases exploit, the effects of charge sharing that are unavoidable with small pixels in this type of detector.

The achievement of high photon rates relies on the implementation of a fast charge-sensitive amplifier in the pixel

in combination with pile-up compensation techniques, which have been compared experimentally. The obtained results show and quantify their effectiveness in increasing the count-rate handled by the detector.

The readout chip also includes dedicated circuitry for the relocation of photon hits, a functionality necessary to reduce the photon losses that are observed in photon counting detectors due to charge sharing when the discrimination threshold is set to 50% of the photon energy. The circuitry is however not limited to full pixel relocation: it also implements resources to reassign X-ray hits within regions smaller than the physical pixel. All these operation modes were experimentally evaluated with a pencil beam and with full field images.
Performance evaluation of a single microchannel plate with large length-to-diameter ratio
Authors: Yan Baojun , Liu Shulin , Zhang Binting , Peng Huaxing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The conventional microchannel plate (MCP) detector has found
widespread application in various fields. This article focuses on
investigating the performance of a single MCP with a large
length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) of 80:1, particularly for single
electron counting. To enhance MCP performance, alumina with a high
secondary electron yield (SEY) is coated onto the MCP using atomic
layer deposition (ALD). The SEYs of alumina thin films with
different thicknesses are measured using a pulsing electron beam
method. The 80:1 L/D MCPs operate in electron counting mode, and the
optimal alumina thickness is determined through a comparative study
of MCP performance before and after coating. The relationships
between maximum SEY, primary electron energy, gain, peak-to-valley
ratio (P/V), and pulse height resolution (PHR) are analyzed. After
alumina coating, the single 80:1 MCP exhibits improved gain, P/V and
PHR. The optimal P/V and PHR of a single MCP as functions of the
primary electron energy align with the relationship between the SEY
of the alumina coating and the primary electron
energy. Additionally, the variation of DC gain with extracted charge
is investigated. This article provides valuable insights for
parameter selection in achieving the optimal working state of MCP
and explores the potential application of single electron counting
using a single MCP.
Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis the Fungus Species of Tilletia spp That Infect Wheat in Some Provinces of Iraq
Authors: Al-Ani R G , Farhan T A , Kadhum A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out in the Plant Protection Department - College of Agriculture - Anbar University for the agricultural season 2022. The study included the collection of infected samples from fields, stores and grain silos from some provinces of Iraq (Baghdad, Anbar, Salah ad-Din, Nineveh). The resulted showed spread of covered smut disease in wheat in all collection areas. The results of the morphology and molecular diagnosis showed the presence of the following species : Tilletia caries (synonymous T. tritici) which coincided with global isolation (MH855829.1 and MN633361.1) with a match rate of (99.69 and 98.42) respectively, T. controversa (synonymous T. brevifaciens) which coincided with global isolation (OL653703.1 and EU257561.1) with a match rate of (92.41 and 88.15) respectively and T. indica which coincided with global isolation (MT498030.1 and MT498030.1) with a match rate of (92.64 and 91.41) respectively . The results of culturing teliospores were shown that isolate the fungus Tilletia spp. (Salah AL-Din – Makisheva) It achieved the highest germination rate reached more than 50% compared to the other examined isolates, whose germination rates varied.
The Presence of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci, and Thrips Thrips tabaci on Different Cucumber Plant Hybrid Varieties in the Field Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Q , Hermize F B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of different cucumber hybrid varieties (Jumbo Green, Ghazeer, Nefer, and Sahem) to sucking insect pests, onion thrips Thrips tabaci Lind., and tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn., during the summer of 2018 season in the experimental fields of College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The results showed that the infestation of cucumber varieties with sucking pests onion thrips T. tabaci and tobacco whitefly B. tabaci occurred on all varieties during the entire month of July. Nefer and Sahem varieties were more susceptible to high infestation by the whitefly adult, where the average was 5.21 and 5.05 adults per leaf, respectively, compared with the Ghazeer and Jumbo Green varieties, where the average was 4.06 and 4.02 adults per leaf, respectively. At the same time, the nymph average of whitefly was 55.80 and 55.20 nymphs per leaf on Ghazeer and Jumbo Green, respectively, followed by Sahem and Nefer varieties, which were 47.80 and 38.10, respectively. The average of thrips nymphs was recorded on all varieties, which were 4.52, 3.57, 3.06, and 2.96 nymphs per leaf on Sahem, Nefer, Ghazeer, and Jumbo Green, respectively. During July and early August, the green lacewing Chrysoperla sp., parasitoids Ahidius sp., and coccinellids like ladybird Coccinella sp. were found to be linked with whitefly and thrips pests on all varieties.
Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Identification Bacteria Streptomyces spp. Causing Common Scab Disease on Potato in Iraq
Authors: Rokan Y T , Abed J M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out at the University of Anbar - College of Agriculture - Department of Plant Protection. The study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacterium that causes scabies on potatoes, Streptomyces spp., depending on the phenotypic characteristics, biochemical interactions, and molecular methods. The results of isolation from different regions and on PDA medium showed that it was obtained On 45 pure isolates of the pathogenic bacteria Streptomyces spp, and the results of growth in different media showed that the best medium for growth was PDA and Nutrient agar. The results of phenotypic diagnosis and biochemical tests revealed that 8 isolates belong to the type Streptomyces scabies and two isolates belong to the type Streptomyces acidiscabies. DNA was extracted from 10 isolates of pathogenic bacteria, and the results of molecular diagnosis using the 16S rRNA gene showed that light bands of 1250 pairs were obtained. The nitrogenous base sequences of these isolates were determined and deposited in GenBank under accession codes (OQ8191, OQ819106, OQ815918, OQ789975, OQ789966, OQ815949, OQ815950).
Identification of Some Fungi Causing Okra Root Rot Disease from Different Regions of Anbar and Waist and Testing Pathogenicity
Authors: Abed N M , Farhan T A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Department of Plant Protection - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar for the year 2022, as the results of collecting samples from the regions of Anbar and Waist governorates showed the spread of okra root rot disease in most of the study areas, and the results of phenotypic and molecular diagnosis showed the presence of the fungal species Pythium Aphanidermatum, Fusarium proliferatum, Epicoccum nigrum, Itersonilia perplexans, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Rhizoctonia solani, which were deposited in the International Genbank OQ572440, OQ540926, OQ566939, OQ540927, OQ540928, OQ540929 (NCBI) seeds, respectively. Okra, as the tested isolates achieved a significant decrease in the germination of okra seeds on the culture medium (W.A. Water agar) compared with the control treatment that was not contaminated with any of the tested isolates, in which the infection rate was 0.0%.
Bioactivity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Alcoholic Extract of Walnut Tree Bark Juglans Regia Against Thielaviopsis Paradoxa and Thielaviopsis Punctulata in vitro
Authors: Hantoosh M NK , Hussein H Z 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were biologically synthesized by the alcoholic extract of the bark of the walnut tree Juglans regia by adding 30 ml of the extract at a concentration of 10,000 ppm to 150 ml of a freshly prepared magnesium nitrate solution, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7 at a temperature of 30 °C in the dark. The causal agent has been characterized molecularly. Microscopic examination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the formation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with a uniform size of 28.55 nm. The results of testing the effectiveness of magnesium oxide nanoparticles showed efficiency in inhibiting the growth of two fungi, Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Thielaviopsis punctulata, as the average effective concentration in each of the two fungi was 79.43 ppm. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using an alcoholic extract of walnut bark, providing an alternative method for the fabrication of magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The manufacture of nanoparticles using plant extracts is an important alternative method because it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly.
The Effect of Some Plant Extracts on the Larval Stage of Fig Leaf Moth, Ocnerogyia Amanda (strg.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: Jalil P A , K A A  , Amin A M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study represented the effect of natural plant extracts of (Camel grass, Alhaji maurorum Lemon; Lantana, Lantana salvifolia; Lemon, Citrus limon, and Cupressus, Cupressus sp.,) formulated in three different concentrations) 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 %) and sprayed on the larvae of fig leaf moth, Ocnerogyia amanda Staud, under the laboratory condition. The lethal effect of selected plant extracts, and their concentration on the larval reduction and its bionomics were detected in two different inspection times after application with their interaction.
The Effect of Rhizobia Inoculum and Mineral Fertilizers on the Number of Root Nodes, Growth, and Yield of Groundnut
Authors: Mohammad R H , Sh J Alobaidy B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of root inoculum or fractionation of mineral fertilizers on the number of root nodes, growth, and yield of groundnut. A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields located on the right bank of the Euphrates River in the city of Heet, western Iraq, during the summer season of 2022. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. This study included five combinations of rhizobia inoculum with a percentage of mineral fertilizer as follows: Mineral fertilizer according to the fertilizer recommendation, inoculation with rhizobia bacteria only, rhizobia inoculum with 25% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation rhizobia inoculum with 50% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation, rhizobia inoculum with 75% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation. Rhizobia inoculum was prepared from root cuttings of field pistachio plants grown in pots before starting the field experiment. The results of the experiment showed that inoculation with rhizobium bacteria increased the average number of root nodes in the advanced stages of plant life, while the treatment of 50% mineral fertilization was superior in the early and advanced stages of plant life in the number of root nodes, in addition to its superiority in the number of pods per plant with an average of 123.5 pod-1. Thus, it was possible to replace 50% of the mineral fertilizer, reduce pollution, and save the price of mineral fertilizer.