bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A moderate exhumation rate for the high‐pressure Maksyutov Complex, southern Urals, Russia
Authors: Hetzel Ralf , Romer Rolf L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe high‐pressure Maksyutov Complex in the southern Urals contains a regionally coherent crustal unit that experienced peak metamorphic conditions of ∼2 GPa (∼60 km) and ∼550°C at 378 ± 6 Ma. Exhumation of the high‐pressure unit occurred under retrograde blueschist and middle/lower greenschist facies conditions, indicating a pronounced cooling during decompression. The rise of the high‐pressure unit to a mid‐crustal depth (∼20 km) was accommodated along retrograde ductile shear zones that formed in quartz‐rich lithologies. Rb‐Sr white mica ages from these quartzitic mylonites cluster at ∼360 Ma, while Ar‐Ar ages are more variable, between 370 ± 7 and 344 ± 7 Ma. We interpret the Rb‐Sr ages to date the mylonitic deformation in the retrograde shear zones and infer that by 360 ± 8 Ma the high‐pressure Maksyutov Complex has reached mid‐crustal depth. The pressure–temperature–time data suggest an average exhumation rate of 2 (+2/−0.5) mm a−1 for the first exhumation stage from 60 to 20 km. Using our Rb‐Sr data and published fission‐track data, a slower exhumation rate of 0.3 ( ± 0.1) mm a−1 is inferred for the rise of the high‐pressure rocks from the middle to the upper crust. The moderate exhumation rate of 2 mm a−1 is in accordance with published thermal models, which demonstrate that a relatively slow exhumation is required for high‐pressure rocks to experience syn‐decompressional cooling. Such syn‐decompressional cooling, as inferred for the Maksyutov Complex, contrasts with isothermal decompression observed in many other regional high‐pressure terrains that experienced a relatively fast exhumation. The two main factors that controlled the unusual thermal evolution of the southern Urals may be the low radiogenic heat production of the crust and the stable, ∼200 km thick lithospheric mantle beneath the orogen. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Aeronian (Middle Llandovery) graptolite from the Pentamerus Beds near Hillend Farm, Shropshire, UK
Authors: Loydell David K. , Paul Smith M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA specimen of Clinoclimacograptus retroversus is recorded from the Pentamerus Beds of the A489 road section near Hillend Farm, Shropshire, England. This specimen, combined with the presence of the brachiopod Eocoelia hemisphaerica, demonstrates that the beds here must be of mid to late Aeronian (Mid Llandovery) age. The fossiliferous horizons lie only a few metres above the Precambrian unconformity and thus help to constrain the timing of the transgression here. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TrkA immunoreactive astrocytes in dendritic fields of the hippocampal formation across estrous
Authors: Mccarthy J.B. , Barker‐Gibb A.L. , Alves S.E. , Milner T.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeurotrophins are important modulators of structural synaptic plasticity. (Through trophic action (Jordan. J Neurobiol 40:434–445, 1999), astrocytes serve as permissive substrates to support axonal regrowth (Ridet et al. Trends Neurosci 20:570–571, 1997), and are involved in estrogen‐induced synaptic structural plasticity (Garcia‐Segura et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol 16:225–237, 1996). Previously, we reported that tyrosine kinase A receptor (TrkA) immunoreactivity was present both in presynaptic neuronal processes (axons and terminals) and in select astrocytes of the male rat hippocampal formation (Barker‐Gibb et al. J Comp Neurol 430:182–199, 2001). We show that the number of TrkA‐immunoreactive astrocytes in female rats fluctuates 16‐fold across the estrous cycle in dendritic fields of the hippocampal formation, with the greatest number at estrus after the peak plasma estradiol concentration of proestrus. Few TrkA‐labeled astrocytes were found in ovariectomized animals; after estrogen replacement, this number increased by 12‐fold in the hippocampal formation, indicating estrogen‐mediated induction. Dual‐labeling studies showed that TrkA‐labeled astrocytes were also immunoreactive for vimentin, a protein expressed by reactive astrocytes. Ultrastructural analysis of the dentate gyrus molecular layer demonstrated that TrkA immunoreactive astrocytes are positioned primarily next to dendrites and unmyelinated axons. Because nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to stimulate astrocytes to function as substrates for axon growth (Kawaja and Gage. Neuron 7:1019–1030, 1991), these findings are consistent with the theory that TrkA immunoreactive astrocytes serve a role in structural plasticity, axon guidance, and synaptic regeneration across the estrous cycle in the hippocampal formation. GLIA 38:36–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor cortex involvement during verbal versus non‐verbal lip and tongue movements
Authors: Salmelin Riitta , Sams Mikko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe evaluated left and right motor cortex involvement during verbal and non‐verbal lip and tongue movements in seven healthy subjects using whole‐head magnetoencephalography. The movements were paced by tone pips. The non‐verbal tasks included a kissing movement and touching the teeth with the tongue. The verbal tasks comprised silent articulation of the Finnish vowel /o/, which requires mouth movement similar to that in the kissing task, pronouncing the same self‐selected word repeatedly, and producing a new word for every tone pip. Motor cortex involvement was quantified by task‐related suppression and subsequent rebound of the 20‐Hz activity. The modulation concentrated to two sites along the central sulcus, identified as the motor face and hand representations. The 20‐Hz suppression in the face area was relatively similar during all tasks. The post‐movement rebound, however, was significantly left‐lateralized during word production. In the non‐verbal tasks, hand areas showed pronounced suppression of 20‐Hz activity that was significantly diminished for the verbal tasks. The latencies of the 20‐Hz suppression in the left and right face representations were correlated across subjects during verbal mouth movements. Increasing linguistic content of lip and tongue movements was thus manifested in spatially more focal motor cortex involvement, left‐hemisphere lateralization of face area activation, and correlated timing across hemispheres. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:81–91, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterocondensed 1,4‐diphosphinines
Authors: Ivonin Sergey P. , Tolmachev Andrew A. , Chernega Alexander N. , Pinchuk Alexander M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA reaction of phosphorus tribromide with a compound containing two 2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐arylpyrrolyl‐3 residues bound through a phosphorus atom gave rise to a new phosphorus‐containing heterocyclic system, 1,4‐diphosphinine. The new products thus obtained have been characterized and described. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:46–52, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hc.1105
Evaluation of thyroid nodules with technetium‐99m MIBI and technetium‐99m pertechnetate
Authors: Sathekge M. Michael , Mageza Ralph B. , Muthuphei M. Nelson , Modiba M. Charles M. , Clauss Ralf C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMost thyroid centers use fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and technetium‐99m pertechnetate for the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. This approach is sufficient in most cases other than follicular neoplasm, and follicular carcinoma is more common than papillary carcinoma in developing countries such as in our center. Technetium 99m‐methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) proposed for myocardial perfusion was also found to be taken up by a variety of tumors including thyroid cancer.MethodsWe evaluated MIBI uptake of nodular thyroid disease and compared it with pertechnetate scan, FNA, and histologic findings for the differentiation of malignant thyroid nodules from benign lesions. Seventy‐one patients were included in the study. Three‐phase pertechnetate scintigraphy was completed after a single injection of 150 MBq. Perfusion/uptake mismatch (uniform perfusion with cold uptake) was regarded as positive for malignancy, whereas perfusion/uptake match (cold perfusion with cold uptake) was regarded as negative. After 1 week, 400 MBq of MIBI was injected, images were obtained at 20 minutes and 2 hours, and evaluated semiquantitatively by use of a 4‐point (0–3) scoring system. MIBI scans were considered positive if there was uptake superior to normal thyroid tissue on early and delayed images (score = 3). In the following days and weeks, all patients underwent FNA followed by surgery.ResultsHistopathologic diagnosis revealed a total of 23 thyroid carcinomas, 21 (91%) and 19 (83%) were positive on MIBI and pertechnetate, respectively. Of the 48 patients with benign nodules, 11 (23%) and 29 (60%) were positive on MIBI and pertechnetate, respectively. The specificity of MIBI, pertechnetate, and FNA is 77%, 40%, and 90%, respectively.ConclusionsIn combination with FNA and three‐phase pertechnetate scan, MIBI could be helpful in preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules. Intense MIBI activity increases the probability of thyroid cancer, whereas reduced activity drastically decreases the probability of malignancy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 305–310, 2001.
Risk factors for wound infection in head and neck cancer surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Penel Nicolas , Lefebvre Daniéle , Fournier Charles , Sarini Jèrome , Kara Ahmed , Lefebvre Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this prospective study is to determine risk factors for wound infections (WI) for patients with head and neck cancer who underwent surgical procedure with opening of upper aerodigestive tract mucosa.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐five consecutive surgical procedures were studied at Oscar Lambret Cancer Center within a 24‐month interval. Twenty‐five variables were recorded for each patient. Statistical evaluation used X2test analysis (categorical data) and Mann–Whitney test (continuous variables).ResultsThe overall rate of WI was 41.8%. Univariate analysis indicated that five variables were significantly related to the likelihood of WI: tumor stage (p= .044), previous chemotherapy (p= .008), duration of preoperative hospital stay (p= 022), permanent tracheostomy (p= .00008), and hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers (p= .008).ConclusionsDespite antibiotic prophylaxis, WI occurrence is high. These data inform the head and neck surgeon, when a patient is at risk for WI and may help to design future prospective studies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 447–455, 2001.
Age‐related differences in the medial temporal lobe responses to emotional faces as revealed by fMRI
Authors: Iidaka Tetsuya , Okada Tomohisa , Murata Tetsuhito , Omori Masao , Kosaka Hirotaka , Sadato Norihiro , Yonekura Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAge‐related differences involved in the neural substrates of emotional face perception were investigated in young and old healthy volunteers. The subjects were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they were judging the gender of faces with negative, positive, or neutral emotional valence. The results showed that both the predominant activation in young subjects and reduced activity in old subjects contributed to a significant age difference in the left amygdala during the perception of negative faces. Activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus during the perception of positive faces diminished with advancing age. Neural activity in the angular gyrus and lingual gyrus of the right hemisphere was reduced in the old subjects during the perception of positive faces. There was no region where old subjects had greater activity than young subjects during the task. In old subjects, the overall activity in the right hippocampus during the task correlated negatively with age, whereas the activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus correlated positively with neuropsychological performance. There was no significant correlation between subjects' characteristics and signal change in young subjects. These results indicate the age‐associated vulnerability of the medial temporal lobe structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus during face perception. The dissociation with reduced activity in the left amygdala and the right parahippocampal gyrus may suggest that aging differentially affects neural responses to faces with negative or positive emotional valence. The parieto‐occipital lobe, which has been found to be involved in face processing, also showed a functional decline associated with aging. Hippocampus 2002;12:352–362. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transforming Human Resources in the New Economy: Developing the Next Generation of Global HR Managers at Deutsche Bank AG
Authors: Svoboda Michael , Schröder Silke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article illustrates how global player, Deutsche Bank, has managed to achieve a change of direction for
its HR function: becoming a strategic partner to the business. Follow the authors step by step in this
transformational process to see how this change management program developed from strategy to action, making
every HR professional at DB a change agent. Find out how strategic competency definition, human resource
development, and state‐of‐the‐art information technology acted as levers to engage
Deutsche Bank's HR community on this journey. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigating the potential neurotoxicity of Ecstasy (MDMA): an imaging approach
Authors: Reneman Liesbeth , Booij Jan , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , van den Brink Wim , den Heeten Gerard J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman users of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) users may be at risk of developing MDMA‐induced neuronal injury. Previously, no methods were available for directly evaluating the neurotoxic effects of MDMA in the living human brain. However, development of in vivo neuroimaging tools has begun to provide insights into the effects of MDMA in the human brain. In this review, contributions of brain imaging studies on the potential neurotoxic effects of MDMA and functional consequences are highlighted. An overview is given of PET, SPECT and MR spectroscopy studies, most of which show evidence of neuronal injury in MDMA users. Different neuroimaging tools are discussed that have investigated potential functional consequences of MDMA‐induced 5‐HT neurotoxic lesions. Finally, the contribution of brain imaging in future studies is discussed, emphasising the crucial role it will play in our understanding of MDMA's short‐ and long‐term effects in the human brain. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is hydrology kinematic?
Authors: Singh V. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA wide range of phenomena, natural as well as man‐made, in physical, chemical and biological hydrology exhibit characteristics similar to those of kinematic waves. The question we ask is: can these phenomena be described using the theory of kinematic waves? Since the range of phenomena is wide, another question we ask is: how prevalent are kinematic waves? If they are widely pervasive, does that mean hydrology is kinematic or close to it? This paper addresses these issues, which are perceived to be fundamental to advancing the state‐of‐the‐art of water science and engineering. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The origins of face perception: specific versus non‐specific mechanisms
Authors: Simion Francesca , Macchi Cassia Viola , Turati Chiara , Valenza Eloisa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated that newborns prefer upright faces over upside‐down faces. Based on this evidence, some have suggested that faces represent a special class of stimuli for newborns and there is a qualitative difference between the processes involved in perception of facelike and non‐facelike patterns (i.e. structural hypothesis). Others suggest that there is no reason to suppose that faces are different from other patterns, because faces, like any other class of visual stimuli, are subject to filtering by the properties of the visual system (i.e. sensory hypothesis). The core question that will be addressed in the present paper is whether, to manifest itself, face preference requires the unique structure of the face, represented by the relative spatial location of its internal features, or rather some more general properties that other stimuli may also possess. Evidence will be presented supporting the idea that newborns do not respond to facelike stimuli by ‘facedness’ but, rather, by some general structural characteristics that best satisfy the constraints of the immature visual system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of fatty acid synthase is an early and common event in the development of prostate cancer
Authors: Swinnen Johannes V. , Roskams Tania , Joniau Steven , Van Poppel Hein , Oyen Raymond , Baert Luc , Heyns Walter , Verhoeven Guido 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key lipogenic enzyme and potential target for antineoplastic therapy, was analyzed in 87 frozen needle biopsies of prostate cancer using a highly sensitive immunohistochemical detection technique (Envision). In comparison to normal or benign, hyperplastic glandular structures, which were all negative for FAS staining, immunohistochemical signal was evident in 24/25 low grade prostatic epithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions, in 26/26 high grade PIN lesions and in 82/87 invasive carcinomas. Staining intensity tended to increase from low grade to high grade PIN to invasive carcinoma. Cancers with a high FAS expression had an overall high proliferative index. No correlation was found between FAS expression and lipid accumulation. These findings indicate that increased FAS expression is one of the earliest and most common events in the development of prostate cancer, suggesting that FAS may be used as a general prostate cancer marker and that antineoplastic therapy based on FAS inhibition may be an option for chemoprevention or curative treatment for nearly all prostate cancers. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social class and risk of Hodgkin's disease in young‐adult women in 1988–94
Authors: Glaser Sally L. , Clarke Christina A. , Nugent Rebecca A. , Stearns Cynthia B. , Dorfman Ronald F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHodgkin's disease (HD) risk in young adults has been associated with higher childhood social class. Although recent decades have witnessed increases in both young‐adult HD incidence rates and the socioeconomic affluence reported to influence risk, social class risk factors have not been reexamined. For 204 cases and 254 controls aged 19–44 years from a population‐based case‐control study of HD diagnosed in 1988–94 in San Francisco area females, we evaluated social class predictors of HD overall and for subgroups defined by age and by ethnicity. HD was associated weakly with a few childhood social class markers but more strongly with combinations of these variables. Risk was higher for women with family‐owned than rented childhood homes; for US‐born women with single vs. shared bedrooms at age 11; and for women with 2+ births who were from smaller than larger childhood households. These patterns differed by age, with risk appearing to increase over the young‐adult years for some factors and to decrease for others. In whites, risk was additionally associated with having a single childhood bedroom in larger households, and with tall adult height in women from smaller childhood households. In nonwhites, risk was higher for single bedrooms at age 11 in smaller childhood households, taller height and higher maternal education. Most study findings support the hypothesis that HD development in young adults follows protection from early exposure to other children. Variation in risk by age suggests differing etiologies across young adulthood, or the importance of birth cohort‐appropriate social‐class measures. Negative findings for previously reported risk factors may reflect their insufficient heterogeneity of exposure or their failure to measure cohort‐relevant exposures in this population. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Curcumin exerts multiple suppressive effects on human breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Shao Zhi‐Ming , Shen Zhen‐Zhou , Liu Can‐Hui , Sartippour Maryam R. , Go Vay Liang , Heber David , Nguyen Mai 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn our study, we present experimental evidence suggesting that curcumin exerts multiple different suppressive effects on human breast carcinoma cells in vitro. Our experiments demonstrate that curcumin's antiproliferative effects are estrogen dependent in ER (estrogen receptor)‐positive MCF‐7 cells, being more pronounced in estrogen‐containing media and in the presence of exogenous 17‐β estradiol. Curcumin inhibits the expression of ER downstream genes including pS2 and TGF‐β (transforming growth factor) in ER‐positive MCF‐7 cells, and this inhibition is also dependent on the presence of estrogen. Curcumin also decreases ERE (estrogen responsive element)‐CAT activities induced by 17‐β estradiol. In addition, we demonstrate that curcumin exerts strong antiinvasive effects in vitro that are not estrogen dependent in the ER‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. These antiinvasive effects appear to be mediated through the downregulation of MMP‐2 (matrix metalloproteinase) and the upregulation of TIMP‐1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase), 2 common effector molecules that have been implicated in regulating tumor cell invasion. Our study also demonstrates that curcumin inhibits the transcript levels of 2 major angiogenesis factors VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and b‐FGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) mainly in ER‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of the association between heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor and CD9 in human gastric cancer
Authors: Murayama Yoko , Miyagawa Jun‐ichiro , Shinomura Yasuhisa , Kanayama Shuji , Isozaki Koji , Yamamori Katsumi , Mizuno Hitoshi , Ishiguro Shingo , Kiyohara Tatsuya , Miyazaki Yoshiji , Taniguchi Naoyuki , Higashiyama Shigeki , Matsuzawa Yuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) is a member of the EGF family. Juxtacrine activity of proHB‐EGF (the membrane‐anchored form of HB‐EGF) has been shown to be significantly potentiated when it is coexpressed with CD9 in vitro. The purpose of our study was to investigate the issue of whether proHB‐EGF and CD9 are coexpressed in gastric cancer. HB‐EGF gene expression and protein production in human gastric cancers was investigated, and EGF receptor and CD9 expressions were also evaluated. HB‐EGF mRNA levels in gastric cancers were elevated, compared with normal gastric tissues, especially in the intestinal type. ProHB‐EGF immunoreactivity was detected primarily in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of gastric cancer cells. Of 66 patients, 40 (60.6%) exhibited proHB‐EGF immunoreactivity and the level of its expression was significantly associated with tumor status (p < 0.01) and histological differentiation (p < 0.001). In addition, proHB‐EGF mRNA was detected at high levels in the intestinal type by in situ hybridization. CD9 immunoreactivity was found to be preserved in 26 of 36 patients (72.2%) and CD9 protein expression was inversely associated with lymph node status (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between its expression and histological differentiation (p < 0.01) was found, and the association of CD9 with proHB‐EGF was increased in the intestinal type, as evidenced by an immunoprecipitation method. These results indicate that the coexpression of proHB‐EGF and CD9 may be involved in the tumorigenesis and/or proliferation of gastric cancers in a juxtacrine manner. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.