bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of multimodal AI for diagnosis and triage of ophthalmic diseases using ChatGPT and anterior segment images: protocol for a two-stage cross-sectional study
Authors: Peng Zhiyu , Ma Ruiqi , Zhang Yihan , Yan Mingxu , Lu Jie , Cheng Qian , Liao Jingjing , Zhang Yunqiu , Wang Jinghan , Zhao Yue , Zhu Jiang , Qin Bing , Jiang Qin , Shi Fei , Qian Jiang , Chen Xinjian , Zhao Chen 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) technology has made rapid progress for disease diagnosis and triage. In the field of ophthalmic diseases, image-based diagnosis has achieved high accuracy but still encounters limitations due to the lack of medical history. The emergence of ChatGPT enables human-computer interaction, allowing for the development of a multimodal AI system that integrates interactive text and image information.ObjectiveTo develop a multimodal AI system using ChatGPT and anterior segment images for diagnosing and triaging ophthalmic diseases. To assess the AI system's performance through a two-stage cross-sectional study, starting with silent evaluation and followed by early clinical evaluation in outpatient clinics.Methods and analysisOur study will be conducted across three distinct centers in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Suqian. The development of the smartphone-based multimodal AI system will take place in Shanghai with the goal of achieving ≥90% sensitivity and ≥95% specificity for diagnosing and triaging ophthalmic diseases. The first stage of the cross-sectional study will explore the system's performance in Shanghai's outpatient clinics. Medical histories will be collected without patient interaction, and anterior segment images will be captured using slit lamp equipment. This stage aims for ≥85% sensitivity and ≥95% specificity with a sample size of 100 patients. The second stage will take place at three locations, with Shanghai serving as the internal validation dataset, and Nanjing and Suqian as the external validation dataset. Medical history will be collected through patient interviews, and anterior segment images will be captured via smartphone devices. An expert panel will establish reference standards and assess AI accuracy for diagnosis and triage throughout all stages. A one-vs.-rest strategy will be used for data analysis, and a post-hoc power calculation will be performed to evaluate the impact of disease types on AI performance.DiscussionOur study may provide a user-friendly smartphone-based multimodal AI system for diagnosis and triage of ophthalmic diseases. This innovative system may support early detection of ocular abnormalities, facilitate establishment of a tiered healthcare system, and reduce the burdens on tertiary facilities.Trial registrationThe study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on June 25th, 2023 (NCT 05930444).
Management of stage 1 renal cell cancer in patients immunosuppressed for organ transplantation or autoimmune disease
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Ali , Wendt Eric T. , Dolan Brendan , Craig Juliana , Allen Glenn O. , Abel E. Jason , Shapiro Daniel D. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the treatment and outcomes of patients who are medically immunosuppressed due to prior organ transplantation or autoimmune disease with clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma (cT1).MethodsAn institutional database of patients treated for RCC was queried for patients with cT1 RCC and on chronic medical immunosuppression at the time of RCC diagnosis. The outcomes for patients undergoing (1) surgery, (2) ablation, or 3) active surveillance (AS) are described.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2022, 74 medically immunosuppressed patients with RCC were identified and treated using surgery (n = 29), ablation (n = 33), or AS (n = 12). Seven (58%) AS patients underwent deferred treatment (six ablations and one nephrectomy) due to tumor growth. For surgery patients and ablation patients, the 30-day readmission rates [17% and 9%, respectively (p = 0.7)], and 90-day complication rates [24% and 21%, respectively (p = 0.9)] were similar. One (3%) surgical patient and two (6%) ablation patients recurred locally. Despite being immunosuppressed, only one (3%) surgical patient, one (3%) ablation patient, and no AS patients progressed to metastatic disease. No significant differences were noted for the local recurrence-free rates, metastasis-free rates, and overall survival for the three cohorts (p &gt; 0.05 for all).ConclusionsPatients with stage one RCC with medical immunosuppression can be safely managed through surgery, thermal ablation, or active surveillance, with similar outcomes to historical series of non-immunosuppressed patients. Future prospective studies should investigate shared decision making in this patient cohort and include discussion of less aggressive options that minimize morbidity but preserve oncologic control.
Clinical and systems of care factors contributing to individual patient decision-making for early mobilization post-stroke
Authors: Rethnam Venesha , Hayward Kathryn S. , Johns Hannah , Carvalho Lilian B. , Churilov Leonid , Bernhardt Julie 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionMany stroke guidelines recommend against starting intensive out-of-bed activity (mobilization) within 24 h post-stroke. Few guidelines address care after the first 24–48 h, and little information is provided about how early mobilization decisions should be tailored to patients. We aimed to identify clinical and systems of care factors contributing to individual patient decision-making for early mobilization post-stroke.MethodsExpert stroke clinicians were recruited to participate in an interactive one-on-one session that included an introductory semi-structured interview followed by an assisted data exploration session using an early mobilization data visualization tool.ResultsThirty expert stroke clinicians with a median (interquartile range) 14 (10–25) years of experience were included. Stroke type and severity, and medical stability were identified as important clinical decision-making factors by the majority of expert stroke clinicians. Inadequate staffing and equipment were frequently indicated as barriers to early mobilization. The perceived characteristics of early mobilization responders were mild or moderate stroke severity, ischemic stroke, partial anterior circulation stroke, younger age, and one or fewer comorbidities. Perceived characteristics of early mobilization non-responders included severe stroke severity, hemorrhagic stroke, total anterior circulation stroke, older age, those with persistent vessel occlusion or high-grade stenosis, hemodynamic instability, multimorbidity and an altered state of consciousness. Some characteristics led to uncertainty amongst interviewees e.g., early mobilization decision-making were moderate stroke severity, older patients, and those with lacunar circulation infarcts.DiscussionWe gained unique, in-depth insights into patient and systems of care factors that contribute to individual patient decision-making related to early mobilization post-stroke. The identified areas would benefit from further empirical research to develop structured decision support for clinicians.
Poor treatment outcomes and associated factors among hospitalized patients with stroke at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Zerihun Abera , Molla Sisay , Ahmed Aliyi , Worku Teshager , Bezabih Addisu Seneshaw , Mamo Biniyam Tedla 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundStroke is a significant health problem in both industrialized and developing nations. It is the world's second-leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke incidence, prevalence, and death rates have grown internationally, with low- and middle-income nations suffering the greatest proportion of the burden. Stroke is a leading cause of long-term physical impairment, affecting a person's quality of life, societal engagement, independence, emotions, and productivity.ObjectiveTo determine the magnitude and factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in hospitalized adult patients with stroke.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2021 in stroke patients admitted to the Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. This study included 290 patient charts. Data were collected by reviewing the medical charts using a well-developed data abstraction form. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.2 and exported to SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were used to describe study variables. Additionally, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with poor stroke treatment outcomes. All statistical tests were set at 5% of significant threshold.ResultsAmong 290 enrolled patients, 172 (59.3%) had poor stroke treatment outcomes. The mean age of the patients was 54.7(SD: ±16.1) years, and more than half 182 (62.8%) of the participants were males. The overall average length of hospital stays for stroke patients was 8 ± 3.3 days. Age of 45–64 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.17, 95% CI [1.06, 4.41]), aspiration pneumonia (AOR: 2.13, 95% CI [1.06, 4.26]), systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg/dl (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI [1.24, 4.47]), Glasgow Coma Scale score of &lt;8 (AOR: 7.26, 95% CI [3.82, 13.8]), and serum creatinine level of ≥1 mg/dl (AOR: 2.73, 95% CI [1.46, 5.10]) were significantly associated with poor treatment outcome in adult stroke patients.ConclusionSix out of ten stroke patients had poor treatment outcomes. Age between 45 and 65 years, uncontrolled hypertension, aspiration pneumonia, low Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission, and renal injury were identified as significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes in stroke patients.
Characterization and In Vitro Fungicide Sensitivity of Two Fusarium spp. Associated with Stem Rot of Dragon Fruit in Guizhou, China
Authors: Zhao Jin , Huang Miao 
Published: December 2023

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) constitutes an important economic industry in Guizhou Province, China, and the occurrence of stem rot has become increasingly severe. In this study, we aimed to determine the causative pathogens of stem rot in this region and analyze their sensitivity to fungicides. Twenty-four fungal isolates were obtained from diseased tissues, from which H-4 and H-5 were confirmed as pathogens based on Koch’s postulates. Based on the morphological characteristics of macroconidia, microconidia, and colony morphology, the polygenic phylogenetic tree constructed using internal transcribed spacer, elongation factor 1-alpha, and retinol-binding protein-2 gene fragments, and carbon source metabolism analysis using FF microplates, the two pathogens were identified as F. oxysporum and a newly discovered pathogen, F. concentricum. In addition, the in vitro toxicity of eight fungicides against both pathogens was measured based on the mycelial growth rate. The results showed that trifloxystrobin 25%·tebuconazole 50% (75 WG) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against both isolates, with EC50 values of 0.13 µg/mL and 0.14 µg/mL, respectively. These findings hold significant potential for guiding the effective treatment of stem rot in dragon fruit in Guizhou, China.
INTEGRATION OF LEGAL AND MORAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ACADEMIC INTEGRITY OF THE FUTURE MANAGER OF EDUCATION
Authors: BABENKO I. 
Published: December 2023

This article examines a modern acute problem: the formation of academic integrity of future educational managers, who must not only learn the essence of the current laws of Ukraine regarding the protection of intellectual property and copyright during their studies in domestic specialized institutions of higher education. First of all, they must acquire a reputation, authority, even an aura of a kind of respectability of the image of a teacher-leader (a teacher is also for a team of colleagues, parents, and not only for pupils, students), which is important not only for themselves – as managers of pedagogical affairs, but also for pupils and students. – for your successful career. Therefore, they will have weight for valuable in science, because they are original, their author's possessions (as well as in high art) – material manifestations of individual imagination, so important from the point of view of authorship rights, intellectual property, and at the same time - from the point of view of morality: conscience, nobility , honesty, because all this integrally constitutes the true originality of the creative product, which is submitted to the review of the scientific and social public.
Therefore, education of such personal traits can form a special kind of value competences of future managers of education – spiritual. And they will undoubtedly, over time, become characteristic not only of the most progressive educational and scientific community of Ukraine, but literally of the entire world.
But the leitmotif of the article lies not in the utopian plane of ideal ideas about an ideal society, but in practical recommendations on methods of forming academic integrity in future educational managers. Thus, the assimilation by students of a whole series of laws of the current legislation of Ukraine on copyright and related to them, on copyright and protection of intellectual property should gradually, on education in the process of training and practice, be integrated in the minds of future managers, becoming a generator of the movement towards honest work for the good future generations.
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MONITORING MEASURES ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN A TEACHING UNIVERSITY
Authors: KARAPUZOVA I. , ZHDANOVA-NEDILKO O. 
Published: December 2023

The essence of the phenomenon of monitoring the quality of education is revealed, which is considered as a research process that requires constant and standardized monitoring of various aspects of the provision of educational services; analysis of received information to identify changes and prevent the occurrence of negative phenomena; regular evaluation and forecasting of the further development of the higher education system. The peculiarities of monitoring the quality of education in institutions of higher education are traced using the example of internal and external monitoring at the Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V.G. Korolenko in accordance with the general goals of the strategic priorities of the institution's development. It is noted that the analysis of monitoring results allows to monitor the real situation of educational activity in the institution of higher education, to forecast its improvement, to make managerial decisions regarding the correction of selected strategies for ensuring the quality of the educational process.
Attention is focused on the principles of monitoring the quality of education. The need to develop for higher education institutions, along with general, local principles that reflect the specifics of these institutions and the professional competencies that are formed by them, is substantiated. The authors propose to introduce as a local principle of monitoring the quality of education in pedagogical higher education institutions the principle of its professionally determined organization, which means an orientation towards increasing the subjectivity of the students of pedagogical education in the course of monitoring, expanding the forms of their participation in it. In this way, monitoring the quality of education, in addition to its direct purpose, acquires the essence of another resource for the formation of the professional competence of the future teacher in practical personally and professionally significant activities.
La macro-évaluation des documents et des données d’archives : luxe et nécessité !
Authors: Doom Vincent 
Published: December 2023

La littérature sur la macro-évaluation est abondante mais presque exclusivement en anglais. Elle m’a permis avec l’aide des archivistes du Canada de réfléchir à la macro-évaluation et d’en expliquer la nature. Pour ce faire, il m’a fallu
déconstruire notre système d’évaluation que j’ai intitulé : micro-évaluation contextuelle et proposer un nouveau principe : celui
de fonctionnalité dont le contenu a été défini par le comité international sur l’évaluation des archives auquel j’ai participé. Ce principe lié au principe de provenance vient compléter la description archivistique et contextualiser les documents et les données d’archives qui deviennent de ce fait accessibles à tous. Mon propos a pour objectif de comprendre comment la macro-évaluation peut se substituer à la micro-évaluation de type diplomatique afin de ne conserver que ce qui rend compte de la société dans laquelle nous évoluons et non celle qui répond à la demande des chercheurs. La collecte est intimement liée à la macro-évaluation. Elle permet de documenter le silence de certaines sources. La publicité et la transparence des décisions prises sont fondamentales pour répondre le plus scientifiquement possible aux besoins des chercheurs, citoyens, clients, usagers.
Le Grand Centenaire en Belgique
Authors: Van Ypersele Laurence 
Published: December 2023

Les commémorations du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale suscitent un retour de la mémoire collective en Belgique, comme ailleurs, qui n’est pas seulement orchestré par un battage médiatique sans précédent. En effet,
l’ampleur des commémorations a dépassé toutes les prévisions. Dans cet article, on envisagera ces commémorations à la fois au plan politique, cognitif et commercial tant en Flandre qu’en Wallonie et à Bruxelles. On verra que si les intentions politiques en Flandre et en Wallonie étaient clairement différentes, voire en tension, les attentes du public,
qu’il soit du nord ou du sud du pays, l’étaient beaucoup moins. Enfin, on interrogera la place que les historiens ont pu avoir dans la préparation de ces commémorations.
KINERJA TEKNIK PREDISTORSI PADA SISTEM KOMUNIKASI KOOPERATIF DUAL-HOP KANAL TAK SIMETRIS
Authors: Milchan Muhamad , Muhammad Naufal Saniar  , Yoedy Moegiharto  , Arifin  
Published: December 2023

Pada makalah ini akan dilakukan evaluasi penerapan teknik predistorsi baik di sumber dan di relay pada sistem transmisi kooperatif dengan protokol amplify and forward (AF). Model predistorster dan penguat daya tinggi (HPA) di sumber adalah kaskade Wiener-Hammerstein, sedang model predistorter dan HPA di relay adalah inverse Rapp dan model Rapp. Penerapan teknik predistorsi tersebut diterapkan pada kondisi kanal tak simteris, model Ricean fading dan Rayleigh fading. Evaluasi terhadap kinerja teknik predistorsi ditunjukkan dengan nilai bit error rate (BER) di tujuan. Dari hasil simulasi dapat ditunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik predistorsi di sumber dan di relay menghasilkan kinerja paling baik. Dan penerapan pada kanal tak simteris hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kanal jalur relay-tujuan (R-D) dan sumber-tujuan (S-D) memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap sinyal yang diterima di tujuan, memberikan kinerja paling baik bila model kanal-kanal tersebut bersifat Ricean fading.
Low-temperature process design for inversion mode n-channel thin-film-transistor on polycrystalline Ge formed by solid-phase crystallization
Authors: Huang Linyu , Moto Kenta , Igura Kota , Ishiyama Takamitsu , Toko Kaoru , Wang Dong , Yamamoto Keisuke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We fabricated an inversion mode n-channel thin-film-transistor (TFT) on polycrystalline (poly-) Ge at low temperatures for monolithic three-dimensional large-scale IC (3D-LSI) and flexible electronics applications. Based on our previously reported solid-phase crystallization (SPC) method, we designed an n-channel TFT fabrication process with phosphorous ion implantation to provide the source/drain (S/D). We succeeded in fabricating an n-channel TFT with typical electrical characteristics on poly-Ge and confirmed its operation mode to be inversion mode. However, the fabrication process included a high temperature (500 °C) step for S/D activation. To reduce the process temperature, we used a metal-induced dopant activation method and successfully reduced the activation temperature to 360 °C. This combination is expected to pave the way for high-performance 3D-LSI and flexible electronic devices based on SPC-Ge.
Modulation of electron transport and quantum lifetimes in symmetric and asymmetric AlGaAs/InGaAs double quantum well structures
Authors: Swain Ram Chandra , Sahu Ajit Kumar , Sahoo Narayan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The low-temperature electron transport (τ

t
) and quantum (τ

q
) lifetimes are modulated as a function of applied electric field (F) in Al0.3Ga0.7As/In0.15Ga0.85As-based symmetric and asymmetric double quantum well structures by considering ionized impurity, alloy disorder and interface roughness scatterings. The asymmetry in the structure potential is achieved through differences in the well widths, i.e. W

w1 ≠ W

w2. We show that in a symmetric structure (W

w1 = W

w2 = 120 Å) resonance of subband states (RSS) occurs at F = F
rss = 0, whereas in asymmetric structures [(W

w1, W

w2) = (90 Å, 150 Å) and (W

w1, W

w2) = (150 Å, 90 Å)], the RSS is shifted and occurs at |F
rss| = 16.4 kV cm−1. The symmetric and antisymmetric nature of the subband wave functions at their corresponding F
rss makes τ

t
a minimum and this increases with change in F during multisubband occupancy. However, the absence of the factor 1 – cosθ in the quantum lifetime makes τ

q
one order less than the magnitude of τ

t
, but τ

q
shows a maximum at the corresponding F
rss and decreases with change in F. The above changes in τ

t
and τ

q
with F make their ratio τ

t
/τ

q
maximum at the transition of subband states.
Thermally-induced nanoscale phase change in chalcogenide glass Cr2Ge2Te6 revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Kim D.-I. , Kawaji Mizuki , Sato Hiroki , Kawamura Ryota , Tamaki Ryo , Kusaba Satoshi , Wang Yinli , Shuang Yi , Sutou Yuji , Katayama Ikufumi , Takeda Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cr2Ge2Te6 (CrGT) is viewed as an important phase change material (PCM) for next-generation nonvolatile memory devices because of its superior properties, e.g., high thermal stability and low operation energy, compared to conventional PCMs. However, the phase change mechanism of CrGT remains unsolved, especially at the nanoscale. Here, we investigated thermally induced nanoscale phase changes of CrGT thin films using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). By performing statistical analysis of the measured STM topographic and STS data, we evaluated the inhomogeneity and distribution of the phase change characteristics of CrGT thin films. We also related the nanoscale phase change properties of CrGT to macroscopic phase changes by comparing the STM and STS results with experimental data from Raman spectroscopy.