bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of siloxane‐crosslinked polysilylenemethylenes by chlorodephenylation
Authors: Ogawa Takuya , Lee Sang‐Do , Murakami Masashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThermally stable polysilylenemethylenes (PSMs) with siloxane crosslinking moieties were successfully synthesized by chlorodephenylation of preformed poly(methylphenylsilylenemethylene) (PMPSM) and subsequentin situalcoholysis/hydrolysis/condensation reactions. The simplified process and mild reaction conditions are quite advantageous. The crosslink density of these materials can be adjusted by the degree of chlorodephenylation, although an alkoxysilyl group remains to some extent. The resulting crosslinked PSMs have well defined structures in which the backbone is composed of MePhSiCH2and Me(MeO)SiCH2as well as Me(O1/2)SiCH2as a crosslinking moiety. The resulting crosslinked PSMs exhibited glass‐transition temperatures ranging from 15 to 20 °C, whereas that of linear PMPSM was 22 °C. The crosslinked PSMs remained unchanged in weight below 300 °C, suggesting that they are thermally stable up to that temperature. The good solvent resistance caused by crosslinking as well as high thermal stability of these materials allow us to design new PSM‐based polymer blends and preceramic polymers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 416–422, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of end‐group modified hyperbranched polyetherimides
Authors: Orlicki Joshua A. , Thompson Julie L. , Markoski Larry J. , Sill Kevin N. , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnd‐group modified hyperbranched polyetherimides were prepared by a one‐pot, two‐step reaction sequence. General synthetic techniques were developed to prepare both monofunctional terminating segments and the corresponding modified polyetherimide hyperbranched polymers. Monofunctional groups were used to terminate an AB2‐type polycondensation reaction, generating capped hyperbranched polymers (HBPs). The composition and constitution of the end groups controlled the solubility and thermal properties of the HBPs. For the same polymer backbone, different end groups were able to shift the glass‐transition temperature nearly 100 °C. End‐group modification greatly influenced the film‐forming ability of the HBPs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 936–946, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of fluoropolymers by the polyaddition of bis(epoxide)s with dicarboxylic acids and diols
Authors: Ito Nobuhito , Tonosaki Shingo , Kudo Hiroto , Kameyama Atsushi , Nishikubo Tadatomi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the fluoropolymers poly1a–1d and poly2a–2d with pendant hydroxyl groups were examined. The polyaddition of bis(epoxide)s [2,2′‐bis(4‐glycidyletherphenyl)hexafluoropropane and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether] with dicarboxylic acids (tetrafluoroterephthalic acid and terephthalic acid) and diols [2,2′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′‐octafluoro‐4,4′‐biphenol, 1,4‐bis(hexafluorohydroxyisopropyl)benzene, and 1,3‐bis(hexafluorohydroxyisopropyl)benzene] was carried out at 50–100 °C for 6–48 h in the presence of quaternary onium salts (tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, and tetrabutylphosphonium chloride; 2.5 mol %) as catalysts in dimethyl sulfoxide, N‐methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dioxane, diglyme, o‐dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and toluene to afford the corresponding polymers, poly1a–1d and poly2a–2d, with number‐average molecular weights of 11,000–59,400 in 45–97% yields. The solubility of the obtained polymers was good, and their thermal stability might be assumed from their structures. A linear relationship was observed between the contents of the fluorine atoms and the refractive indices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1395–1404, 2002
Synthesis and characterizations of the four‐armed amphiphilic block copolymer S[poly(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl acrylate)]4
Authors: Cai‐Yuan Pan , Lei Tao , De‐Cheng Wu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe polymers poly[(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4yl) methyl acrylate] (PDMDMA) and four‐armed PDMDMA with well‐defined structures were prepared by the polymerization of (2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4yl) methyl acrylate (DMDMA) in the presence of an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator system. The successive hydrolyses of the polymers obtained produced the corresponding water‐soluble polymers poly(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl acrylate) (PDHPA) and four‐armed PDHPA. The controllable features for the ATRP of DMDMA were studied with kinetic measurements, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and NMR data. With the macroinitiators PDMDMA–Br and four‐armed PDMDMA–Br in combination with CuBr and 2,2′‐bipyridine, the block polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) with PDMDMA were carried out to afford the AB diblock copolymer PDMDMA‐b‐MA and the four‐armed block copolymer S{poly[(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4yl) methyl acrylate]‐block‐poly(methyl acrylate)}4, respectively. The block copolymers were hydrolyzed in an acidic aqueous solution, and the amphiphilic diblock and four‐armed block copolymers poly(2,3‐dihydroxypropyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl acrylate) were prepared successfully. The structures of these block copolymers were verified with NMR and GPC measurements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3062–3072, 2001
End‐capped AB3‐type hyperbranched carbosilane macromolecules
Authors: Kim Chungkyun , Kim Hyojeong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEnd‐capped carbosilane macromolecules were prepared via the hydrosilation and continual addition of phenylethynyl, amine, bis(trimethylsilyl)amine, and cholesterol groups on the AB3‐type hyperbranched carbosilane polymer. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopic views of the end‐capped hyperbranched carbosilanes agreed with the expected mass distribution, in close regularity. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3287–3293, 2001
Birefringence and dichroism of oriented epoxy thermoset films
Authors: Tan Chibing , Fung B. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of oriented liquid–crystalline epoxy thin films were prepared by thein situpolymerization of a liquid–crystalline diepoxide, 1,4‐phenylene bis[4‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)benzoate], with an aromatic diamine, 4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl, in a 7.0‐T magnetic field. The birefringent measurements of the oriented films were made from 543.5 to 830 nm. In this range, the values of birefringence (Δn) range from 0.155 to 0.130. When they are extrapolated to the microwave region, Δn= 0.105. The dichroism of a guest azo dye, 4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)‐3‐hexyloxyaniline, in the oriented thin films was examined in the visible region. From the results, the order parameter of the polymer was calculated to 0.65 by extrapolating the concentration of the guest azo dye to zero. The guest azo dye compound does not affect the birefringence. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 915–919, 2001
Simultaneous measurement of the solubility of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in polystyrene and of the associated polymer swelling
Authors: Hilic Sacha , Boyer Séverine A. E. , Pádua Agílio A. H. , Grolier Jean‐Pierre E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew experimental results for the solubility of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in polystyrene are reported, accompanied by data on the change in volume of the polymer caused by the sorption process. The two phenomena were measured simultaneously with a combined technique, in which the quantity of penetrating fluid introduced into the system was evaluated by pressure‐decay measurements in a calibrated volume, whereas a vibrating‐wire force sensor was employed for weighing the polymer sample during sorption inside of the high‐pressure equilibrium cell. The use of the two techniques was necessary because the effects of swelling and solubility could not be decoupled in a single gravimetric or pressure‐decay measurement. The sorption of nitrogen in polystyrene was studied along three isotherms from 313 to 353 K at pressures up to 70 MPa. The sorption of carbon dioxide was measured along four isotherms from 338 to 402 K up to 45 MPa. The results are compared with values from the literature when possible, although our data extend significantly the pressure ranges of the latter. The uncertainties affecting our measurements with nitrogen are 1 mg of N2/g of polystyrene in solubility and 0.1% of the volume of the polymer. For carbon dioxide, the uncertainties are 5 mg of N2/g of polystyrene and 0.5% respectively, carbon dioxide being about 1 order of magnitude more soluble than nitrogen. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2063–2070, 2001
Ground ice in the sedimentary rocks and kimberlites of Yakutia, Russia
Authors: Alexeev Sergey V. , Alexeeva Ludmila P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe formation of cement (pore) and intrusive ice in the frozen rocks of the central part of the Yakutian diamond‐bearing province is considered. Cement ice is best developed in the sedimentary rocks and kimberlite pipes. Intrusive ice is formed only in areas of considerable tectonic disturbance. The geochemistry of the ground ice is the result of cryogenic processes that cause salt differentiation during water freezing, together with natural solute concentration and cryogenic mineral formation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula and tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia
Authors: Anuntaseree Wanaporn , Patrapinyokul Sakda , Suntornlohanakul Somchai , Thongsuksai Paramee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA case of initial esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in a female newborn, later complicated by pneumonia and a second bronchoesophageal fistula, is reported. She was treated surgically by closure of the tracheoesophageal fistula and by end‐to‐end esophago‐esophageal anastomosis. An esophgram at 1 month of age was normal. Three months later she developed severe, persistent right lower lobe pneumonia that required intensive antibiotic therapy and respiratory support. Esophagography was repeated and revealed a second fistula between the right main‐stem bronchus and the lower esophagus. The bronchoesophageal fistula was repaired, and a right lower lobectomy was performed. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated. Histologic examination indicated that the fistula was congenital in origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a congenital bronchoesophageal fistula coexisting with a tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:162–164. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia associated with primary Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: Abughali Nazha , Khiyami Amer , Birnkrant David J. , Kumar Mary L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis is a case report of a child with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia and concurrent infection with Epstein‐Barr virus. We hypothesize that immunosuppression due to EBV may have contributed to the severity of his RSV infection. The diagnosis of RSV infection was facilitated by bronchoalveolar lavage. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:395–398. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exhaled nitric oxide at school age in prematurely born infants with neonatal chronic lung disease*
Authors: Mieskonen Suvi T. , Malmberg L. Pekka , Kari M. Anneli , Pelkonen Anna S. , Turpeinen Markku T. , Hallman N. Mikko K. , Sovijärvi Anssi R.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrematurely born infants with neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) have increased respiratory morbidity and bronchial obstruction at school age. To evaluate the possible inflammatory basis of lung function abnormalities, we studied 40 children, 7.5–9.6 years of age, born very prematurely (birth weights, 600–1,575 g) and 14 nonatopic term‐born controls, using flow‐volume spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurements.In children born prematurely, eNO was significantly higher in atopics than in nonatopics (respective means, 14.8 vs. 6.3 ppb, P = 0.02). Nonatopic prematurely born infants did not differ significantly from controls (means, 6.3 vs. 6.4 ppb, P = ns). Of the 27 nonatopic children not on regular glucocorticoid inhalations, 9 had a history of CLD. Spirometry indicated bronchial obstruction and values that were significantly lower in prematurely born infants with or without CLD than in controls, and they were lower in the CLD than the non‐CLD group. However, no significant differences were observed in eNO levels between CLD, non‐CLD, and control groups (means, 6.8, 5.9, and 6.4 ppb, P = ns).In nonatopic schoolchildren born very prematurely and with a history of CLD, we found no evidence of airway inflammation associated with increased eNO concentrations. Neither were eNO levels associated with severity of chronic lung disease, as determined by conventional lung function tests. eNO levels were higher in atopic children born prematurely than in controls. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:347–355. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation and corrective surgery for treatment of a child with severe kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Lorenzo Fernando González , Lobato Salvador Díaz , Grueso Francisco Pérez , León José Villamor 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report on an 11‐year‐old boy with severe kyphoscoliosis and respiratory failure. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation by nasal mask and hospitalization resulted in improved pulmonary function, thus facilitating corrective surgery for kyphoscoliosis. Following surgery, the patient remained on mechanical ventilation at home. Clinical and pulmonary function stabilized after discharge, as noted on a 1‐month follow‐up visit. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:403–405. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombospondin‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor‐2 are key functional regulators of angiogenesis in the prostate
Authors: Doll Jennifer A. , Reiher Frank K. , Crawford Susan E. , Pins Michael R. , Campbell Steven C. , Bouck Noël P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundProstate cells secrete many molecules capable of regulating angiogenesis; however, which of these actually function as essential regulators of neovascularization is not yet clear.MethodsFunctional angiogenic mediators secreted by normal and diseased prostate cells were identified using an in vitro angiogenesis assay. These factors were quantified by immunoblot or ELISA and localized in tissue by immunohistochemistry.ResultsNormal prostate epithelial cell secretions were anti‐angiogenic due to inhibitory thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) whereas this inhibitor was decreased in the pro‐angiogenic secretions derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer cells. This pro‐angiogenic activity depended primarily on fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) and/or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) whose secretion was increased. Immunolocalization studies confirmed that the changes detected in vitro also occurred in vivo.ConclusionsDuring disease progression in the prostate, production of TSP‐1, the major inhibitor, is down‐regulated while that of stimulatory FGF‐2 and/or VEGF rise, leading to the induction of the new vessels necessary to support tumor growth. Prostate 49:293–305, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo expression and function of the sodium iodide symporter following gene transfer in the MATLyLu rat model of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: La Perle Krista M.D. , Shen Daniel , Buckwalter Tara L.F. , Williams Bonnie , Haynam Aaron , Hinkle George , Pozderac Rodney , Capen Charles C. , Jhiang Sissy M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide uptake in thyroid follicular cells and provides a mechanism for effective radioiodide treatment of residual, recurrent, and metastatic thyroid cancers. This study investigated the clinical applications of NIS gene transfer for prostate cancer using the MATLyLu metastatic rat model.METHODSMATLyLu cells expressing NIS were injected subcutaneously in Copenhagen rats, which developed metastases in lymph nodes and lungs. NIS protein expression was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and function was measured by tissue gamma counts and whole‐body imaging following radionuclide administration.RESULTSIn vitro radioiodide‐concentrating activity was increased up to 72‐fold in a mixed population of MATLyLu‐hNIS cells. NIS protein expression was confirmed in subcutaneous MATLyLu‐hNIS tumors by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Gamma counts of subcutaneous MATLyLu‐hNIS tumors were 23‐fold higher than parental MATLyLu tumors and radionuclide uptake in subcutaneous MATLyLu‐hNIS tumors and lymph node metastases was visualized by whole‐body image analysis.CONCLUSIONSNIS expression by a proportion of cells in a population was sufficient to confer radionuclide‐concentrating function in subcutaneous and metastatic MATLyLu tumors. Ablation of residual normal and neoplastic prostate tissues by radioiodide after prostate‐restricted NIS gene transfer might be a novel adjuvant therapy to prostatectomy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 50: 170–178, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for human kallikrein 2 (hK2) using hK2‐expressing tumors
Authors: Fisher Terrence L. , Nocera MaryAnn , Willis Richard A. , Turner Michael J. , Alim C. Siddiq Abdul , Brown Deborah M. , Bourne Patricia A. , Agnese P. Anthony di Sant' , Messing Edward M. , Lord Edith M. , Frelinger John G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman kallikrein 2 (hK2) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) are serine proteases in the human kallikrein gene family that are 80% identical at the protein level. Like PSA, hK2 is expressed primarily in the prostate, making it an attractive bio‐marker for prostate cancer development. In addition, its potent enzymatic activity may functionally affect the biology of prostate cancer. In order to further elucidate the possible roles of hK2 in prostate cancer, we have generated a panel of hK2‐specific, non‐PSA cross‐reactive monoclonal antibodies.METHODSA novel tumor‐immunization strategy was used to produce monoclonal antibodies. Human hK2 cDNA was transfected into a BALB/c tumor cell line and used to immunize both BALB/c and PSA‐expressing BALB/c.PSA transgenic mice. Because the BALB/c.PSA transgenic mouse showed a biased response towards hK2, a B cell fusion was performed using spleen cells from a transgenic mouse immunized in this fashion.RESULTSA panel of monoclonal antibodies was produced and shown to be hK2‐specific using newly developed hK2‐specific sandwich ELISA and ELIspot assays. One of the monoclonal antibodies (6B7) was used to detect hK2 in human prostate by immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, two of the antibodies affected the function of hK2. The 1F8 antibody enhanced the enzymatic activity of hK2 whereas the 3C7 antibody inhibited its function.CONCLUSIONSThese hK2‐specific antibodies illustrate a novel approach for constructing B‐cell hybridomas and provide useful reagents to examine the role of hK2 in the biology and detection of prostate cancer. Prostate 51: 153–165, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
K+ channel currents in rat ventral prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Kim Jun Hee , Hong Eun‐Kyung , Choi Hee Sook , Oh Seung‐Joon , Kim Kwang Myung , Uhm Dae‐Yong , Kim Sung Joon 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDElectrophysiological function of the normal prostate has not been extensively studied. In particular, ion channel currents and their regulation have not been studied in freshly‐isolated prostate cells.METHODSRat prostate secretory epithelial (RPSE) cells were isolated by collagenase treatment. Columnar epithelial cells were used for nystatin‐perforated, whole‐cell voltage clamp, and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured using fura‐2.RESULTSStep‐like depolarizing pulses (900 msec) starting from − 90 mV induced outwardly rectifying K+ currents without inactivation. ACh (10 μM) or ATP (100 μM) increased the outward current and hyperpolarized the cell membrane potential. Ionomycin (0.1 μM), a Ca2+ ionophore, induced a similar increase in the outward current. TEA (5 mM), charybdotoxin (50 nM), and iberiotoxin (30 nM) inhibited the effect of ACh (or ATP) on the outward current, whereas apamin (100 nM) had no effect. The [Ca2+]i of RPSE cells was increased by ACh, ATP, and UTP.CONCLUSIONSRPSE cells have iberiotoxin‐sensitive Ca2+‐activated K+ channels that may play an important role in the exocrine secretions of the prostate. Prostate 51: 201–210, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline mutations in the p73 gene do not predispose to familial prostate‐brain cancer
Authors: Peters Mette A. , Janer Marta , Kolb Suzanne , Jarvik Gail P. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Stanford Janet L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnalysis of high‐risk prostate cancer (PC) families with at least one confirmed case of primary brain cancer (BC) has identified a region of genetic linkage on chromosome 1p36 termed CAPB. The p36 region of chromosome one has been reported to have frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors and epidemiological studies have shown an increased relative risk of BC and tumors of the CNS in PC families. In 1997 a reported tumor suppressor with high homology to p53, termed p73, was mapped to the p36 region of chromosome one. Here, we examine the p73 gene as a potential candidate for CAPB.METHODSNinety‐four members from the 12 prostate‐brain cancer families in which linkage was originally found were examined. The complete coding region and intron‐exon boundaries of the p73 gene were analyzed for germline mutations by Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and direct DNA sequencing.RESULTSSilent nucleotide substitutions only were detected within the coding regions of the gene in affected individuals. Nucleotide changes were detected in introns 1, 6, 8, 9, and 10, but all were located ≥16 base pairs from the splice site, and are thus unlikely to be deleterious mutations.CONCLUSIONSGermline mutations in the p73 gene are unlikely to be critical for inherited susceptibility to PC in this specified subset of families. Prostate 48:292–296, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic expression of hensin, a protein implicated in epithelial terminal differentiation
Authors: Ma Jian F. , Takito Jiro , Vijayakumar S. , Peehl Donna M. , Olsson Carl A. , Al‐Awqati Qais 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOBJECTIVESHensin induces terminal differentiation in rabbit kidney collecting tubule cells. Rabbit hensin and human DMBT1 result from alternative splicing of the same gene. The human DMBT1 gene is located on chromosome 10q25‐26, a region often deleted in prostate cancer. In this study we examined the potential role of this gene in terminal differentiation of prostate, as well as its role in prostatic carcinogenesis.METHODSWe searched for deletions of this gene in prostatic cells cultured from cancer and benign tissues using PCR and cDNA cloning. The expression of hensin/DMBT1 in cultured cells and during prostate development was characterized by immunochemistry.RESULTSNo deletions of hensin/DMBT1 similar to those found in glioblastomas, lung and esophageal cancers were observed in prostate cancer or BPH cells. Hensin/DMBT1 protein was localized in intracellular vesicles of epithelial cells in neonatal and 6‐week‐old mouse prostates. By 6 weeks, hensin/DMBT1 began to localize in the basal lamina of the prostate and vas deferens. In matured 6‐month‐old prostates, there was extensive deposition of hensin/DMBT1 in the basal lamina.CONCLUSIONSThere is no evidence that hensin/DMBT1 is implicated in prostatic carcinogenesis. The localization of hensin/DMBT1 during maturation raises the possibility that hensin/DMBT1 is involved in terminal differentiation of the prostate and vas deferens. Prostate 49:9–18, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.