bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet‐induced plasticity of life‐history traits and gene expression in outbred Drosophila melanogaster population
Authors: Mudunuri Akhila , Chandrakanth Mohankumar , Khan Soumen , Sura Chand , Kumar Nishant , Tung Sudipta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFood is fundamental for the survival of organisms, governing growth, maintenance, and reproduction through the provision of essential macronutrients. However, access to food with optimum macronutrient composition, which will maximize the evolutionary fitness of an organism, is not always guaranteed. This leads to dietary mismatches with potential impacts on organismal performance. To understand the consequences of such dietary mismatches, we examined the effects of isocaloric diets varying in macronutrient composition on eight key organismal traits spanning across the lifespan of a large outbred Drosophila melanogaster population (n ~ 2500). Our findings reveal that carbohydrate‐reduced isocaloric diets correlates to accelerated pre‐adult development and boosts reproductive output without impacting pre‐adult viability and body size. Conversely, an elevated dietary carbohydrate content correlated to reduced lifespan in flies, evidenced by accelerated functional senescence including compromised locomotor activity and deteriorating gut integrity. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis indicated a substantial difference in gene regulatory landscapes between flies subject to high‐carbohydrate versus high‐protein diet, with elevated protein levels indicating transcriptomes primed for reduced synthesis of fatty acids. Taken together, our study helps advance our understanding of the effect of macronutrient composition on life history traits and their interrelations, offering critical insights into potential adaptive strategies that organisms might adopt against the continual dietary imbalances prevalent in the rapidly evolving environment.
Exploiting Hydroxamic Acids as Organocatalysts for the Epoxidation of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide as the Oxidant
Authors: Poursaitidis Efthymios T. , Trigka Foteini , Mantzourani Christiana , Kokotou Maroula G. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe epoxidation of alkenes has altered and reshaped the way scientists think in modern organic synthesis. Herein, a novel, sustainable and eco‐friendly protocol for the epoxidation of alkenes is reported, utilizing hydrogen peroxide as the green oxidant and, for the first time, hydroxamic acid derivatives as the organocatalyst. The presented methodology is very effective, leading to good to high yields for the oxidation of a variety of olefins, while various functional groups are well tolerated. Mechanistic studies utilizing direct infusion high resolution mass spectrometry (DI‐HRMS) provide strong evidence for the mechanism of the organocatalytic oxidation.
The cuckoldry conundrum
Authors: Scelza Brooke A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConcerns about cuckoldry are a dominant theme in evolutionary studies of mating, frequently used to explain sex differences in reproductive strategies. However, studies in nonhuman species have shown that cuckoldry can be associated with important benefits. These insights have not been well integrated with the human literature, which continues to focus on anticuckoldry tactics and negative repercussions for men. I evaluate two key assumptions central to human models of cuckoldry: (1) men are being tricked into investing in nonbiological offspring and (2) investment in nonbiological offspring is wasted. The ethnographic data on fatherhood shows that the concepts of pater and genitor are complex and locally constructed ideas that often include explicit knowledge of extra‐pair paternity, countering the idea that nonpaternity results from trickery. Furthermore, rather than being a “waste,” paternity loss can be associated with important gains for men, helping to explain why men invest in nonbiological offspring.
Quality of oil extracted by cold press from Nigella sativa seeds conditioned and pre‐treated by microwave
Authors: Agah Mina Sanati , Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Bodbodak Samad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBlack cumin (Nigella sativa) seed (BS) oil has received much interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable nutritional properties, but this oil has low oxidative stability. The effect of microwave pre‐treatment at 0 to 2.5 min and conditioning with different buffers at pH 3 to 9 of BS, before oil extraction by cold press, were investigated. The oil extraction yield was higher; acid value (AV) and peroxide value (PV) were lower in the oil extracted from seeds, which were first microwaved and then moisturized and vice versa. BS with pH 3, microwave time of 1.25 min, and moisturizing level of 5%, which gave oil extraction yield of 27.2%, AV of (2.9 mg NaOH/g oil), and PV of (8.3 meq O2/kg oil), was selected as an optimum sample and its quality changes were investigated during storage compared with the oil extracted from the control sample (without any pre‐treatment). In conclusion, the oil extracted from the pre‐treated BS had higher bioactive components and lower AV and PV during the storage; therefore, microwave radiation and pH adjustment before oil extraction from BS by cold press are recommended.
Imaging manifestations of head and neck lymphatic malformations: A single‐center experience of 170 surgical cases
Authors: Chen Wei , Xu Hongming , Zhang Lina , Xu Rong , Li Xiaoyan , Sun Guangbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo discuss the imaging manifestations and the utility of preoperative ultrasonography (US), contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) in diagnosing the pediatric head and neck lymphatic malformations (HNLMs).MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 170 children who were referred to our hospital in the past 9 years for the treatment of HNLMs.ResultsThe diagnostic rates of US, CE‐CT and CE‐MRI were 93.0% (146/157), 94.7% (143/151) and 100% (45/45), respectively. As in multilocular cases, intracystic septa detection rate was 91.5% (130/142), 50.4% (68/135) and 88.1% (37/42), and which had a statistical difference (χ2 = 25.8131, p < 0.05). US showed capsule contents anechoic in 51.0% (80/157) cases, hypoechoic or mixed echoic in 49.0% (77/157) cases, and flocculent or dotted echo floating in 36.9% (58/157) cases. CT showed low density of the capsule contents without enhancement in 69.5% (105/151) cases and mixed density with enhancement in 30.4% (46/151) cases. Liquid–liquid levers were seen in 8.6% (13/151) cases. MRI showed T1WI high signal and T2WI low signal of the capsule contents without enhancement in 28.9% (13/45) cases and mixed density in 71.1% (32/45) cases. Liquid–liquid levers were seen in 46.7% (21/45) cases. There were statistically significant differences between pure HNLMs and intracystic hemorrhage in capsule content (echo, density, signal), enhancement, and liquid–liquid lever (all p < 0.05). Among US, CE‐CT and CE‐MRI, intracystic hemorrhage diagnostic accuracy had a statistical difference (χ2 = 25.4152, p < 0.05).ConclusionsFor clinical diagnosis and evaluation of HNLMs, we suggest that US combined with CE‐CT for acute cases, and for stable cases, US combined with CE‐MRI.
Mapping and analysing community health worker programmes in the Eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Lehmann Uta , Gedik Gulin , Jalal Arooj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity health worker (CHW) programmes are increasingly being recognized as an important strategy that can help to strengthen comprehensive primary health care (PHC), as the foundation of work towards achieving universal health care (UHC) and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean undertook a situational analysis of CHW programmes in the Region to better understand the current situation and the issues involved.MethodsA two‐step process was employed: a review of available literature on CHWs in the Region was conducted, followed by a survey of CHW programmes in the region, focussing on programmes that were country‐led and country‐wide.ResultsThirteen countries were found to have community health worker programmes with varying governance and programmatic structures. Broadly, two categories can be distinguished: (a) several countries have well established and mature national CHW programmes that are in most cases supported by external donors but driven and coordinated by national governments; (b) a greater number of countries that have smaller, emerging government or partner led projects and programmes. A few countries have deliberately opted for other models to strengthen primary care and community outreach, for example, through community nursing.ConclusionCHW programmes play an increasingly important role in primary health care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, providing promotive, preventive, and emergency services. This bodes well for efforts to strengthen and embed comprehensive primary health care as the foundation of national health systems, to improve health emergency preparedness, achieve UHC and meet the SDGs. Nonetheless, all but a few programmes face challenges of weak governance, fragmentation and unreliable support, similar to those in other countries. However, the main finding of the analysis was that the role of CHWs in countries' health service delivery is woefully under‐researched in almost all countries in the region, and more research to better understand and support programmes in the context of local health system contexts is urgently needed.
Effectiveness of 780 nm photobiomodulation as adjunct treatment for bone exposed fractures: A pilot study on radiograph, pain, and cytokines analysis
Authors: Bonfim Deivison Santos , Fernandes Micaela Leite , Muniz Igor Pereira Ribeiro , Pereira Ítalo Sousa , da Silva Robson Amaro Augusto , Cristina da Silva Francine , Santos Gabriel Pinto de Oliveira , Pereira Rosa Luciano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation with a 780 nm laser as an adjunct to surgical treatment in the regeneration of bone fractures. Twenty patients diagnosed with open fractures in the lower limbs were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control and LLLT. LLLT parameter: 780 nm, 0.04 cm2 of light beam diameter, 40 mW of power, 10 s per point, 0.4 J of energy, fluence of 10 J/cm2 and irradiance of 1 W/cm2. The evaluated data were: pain, using McGill scale, use of analgesics and anti‐inflammatories, levels of cytokines TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐10, and IL‐17, and bone level regeneration. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests (5%). We can conclude that LLLT was effective as an adjuvant in the bone fracture regeneration process, altered IL‐1β levels, reduced the use of analgesics and anti‐inflammatories, reducing the pain pattern throughout the sessions.
Characterization of residual debris on packaged hip arthroplasty stems demonstrates the dominance of less than 10 μm sized particulate: Updated USP788 guidelines for orthopedic implants
Authors: Hallab Nadim J. , Hallab Salem R. , Alexander Anastasia , Pourzal Robin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPast evaluation of particle contamination on packaged implants has typically been conducted using US Pharmacopeia (USP) 788, a 1970s pharmaceutical guideline created to evaluate contaminant particles in injectable fluids and syringes. Our objective was to reestablish relevant acceptance criteria for residual orthopedic and other implant debris, including smaller particles (i.e., <10 μm in diameter). Packaged total hip arthroplasty (THA) titanium (Ti6Al4V)‐alloy femoral stems were used (hydroxyapatite [HA]‐coated and non‐coated stems). Short‐term ultrasonication and longer‐term 24‐hour soak/agitation methods were used to elute surface‐bound contaminant particles, and released particles were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis, image analysis, and particle characterization. For HA‐coated THA‐stems, >99% of eluted particles were calcium phosphate. For plain non‐coated THA‐stems, >99% of eluted particles were titanium‐alloy‐based. The number‐based median size of particles in both groups was approximately 1.5 μm in diameter despite being composed of different materials. The total volume of particulate removed from HA‐coated stems was 0.037 mm3 (671 × 103 particles total), which was approximately >50‐fold more volume than that on plain non‐coated stems at 0.0006 mm3 (89 × 103 particles total). Only non‐coated THA stems passed reestablished USP788 acceptance criteria, compared by using equivalent total volumes of contaminant particulate within new and legacy guideline ranges of >10 and >25 μm ECD, that is, <1.0 × 107 particles for <1 μm diameter in size, <600,000 for <1–10 μm, <6000 for 10–25 μm and <600 for >25 μm. These results fill a knowledge gap on how much residual debris can be expected to exist on packaged implants and can be used as a basis for updating acceptance criteria (i.e., termed USP788‐Implant [USP788‐I]). Residual implant particulate assessment is critical given the increasing implant complexity and new manufacturing techniques (e.g., additive manufacturing).
Bond strength comparison of a fiber‐reinforced composite resin: Different dentin conditions and preparation techniques
Authors: Ağaccıoğlu Merve , Sirin Karaarslan Emine , Aytac Bal Fatma , Benli İsmail 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the bond strength of a fiber‐reinforced composite resin with traditional and bulk‐fill composite resins under different dentin conditions and preparation techniques. Eighty molar teeth, excluding the mesio‐distal half of the occlusal dentin surfaces of each teeth, were isolated with acid‐resistant nail varnish and stored in a demineralisation solution (pH 4.5). After mechanical removal of the varnish, the teeth were buried in acrylic resin blocks. In every composite resin group, one‐half of the specimens were prepared with a diamond bur and another half with Er: YAG laser. Then, the specimens were divided into four groups of composite resins (Filtek Z250, G‐aenial Posterior, SonicFill 2, Ever X Posterior) (n = 10). Shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing device, and failure types were determined with stereomicroscope images. SEM images were obtained at 1000× magnification. Data were analyzed using a three‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (p = .05). Differences in the dentin surface affected the bond strength results (p < .05), whereas there was no significant difference between cavity preparation methods (p > .05). EverX Posterior showed the highest bond strength results. Within the limitations of this study, fiber‐reinforced composite resin exhibited successful bond strength results in addition to improved mechanical properties.Research highlights
Fiber‐reinforced composite had successful bond strength values.
Bond strength values of sound dentin groups were higher than those of caries‐affected dentin groups.
The use of an Er: YAG laser for preparation did not lead to insufficient bond strength results.
Use of gender‐inclusive language in genetic counseling to optimize patient care
Authors: Motiff Heather , Garcia Kristina , Zhao Qianqian , Petty Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProviding welcoming, inclusive, and culturally competent care is essential for genetic counselors (GCs) to serve the needs of all patients, including transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals. Inclusive language creates welcoming healthcare spaces and improves health outcomes for TGNB individuals. Training on gender‐affirming healthcare can increase knowledge, comfort, and self‐efficacy working with TGNB patients. Using a mixed‐method survey, this study assessed 65 GCs' gender‐inclusive communication practices and elucidated reasons for discomfort using language to determine how language builds trust and fosters patient–provider relationships, ascertain differences between specialties, and identify potential gaps in education and professional development. This study found that approximately one‐third of GCs are comfortable using gender‐inclusive language and just over half regularly use it with patients. Most GCs do not share their pronouns or ask patients theirs, which was not correlated with comfort levels or frequency of using gender‐inclusive language. There were no significant differences based on specialty. Thematic analysis of open responses revealed GCs used gendered language to promote shared language and for clarity, some mentioning sex assigned at birth was relevant for risk assessment. Most felt the impact of gendered language depended on the patient's perspective. Twenty‐five percent noted gendered language was familiar for most patients and 40% recognized negative impacts on TGNB individuals. Most GCs desired more gender‐inclusivity training even though >95% had some type previously. Those who had gender‐inclusivity training in their genetic counseling program were more comfortable using gender‐inclusive language and were more likely to share their pronouns with patients. This study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating GCs' desire for more gender‐inclusivity education and highlights the potential importance of having this education integrated into genetic counseling training programs. GCs should continue to incorporate gender‐inclusive language into their practice in concordance with the tenants of the Reciprocal Engagement Model.
Graduate training, credentialing, and continuing education to prepare genetic counselors for laboratory roles—Results of a national survey
Authors: Schwartz Lisa , Mackall Mia S. , Arjunan Aishwarya , Goodenberger McKinsey , Mills Rachel , Ham Chloe , Witherington Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOpportunities for genetic counselors to work in a variety of practice settings have greatly expanded, particularly in the laboratory. This study aimed to assess attitudes of genetic counselors working both within and outside of the laboratory setting regarding (1) the re‐wording and/or expansion of key measures of genetic counselors' competency, including practice‐based competencies (PBCs) and board examination, to include laboratory roles, (2) preparation and transferability of competencies developed in master's in genetic counseling (MGC) programs to different roles, (3) need of additional training for genetic counselors to practice in laboratory settings, and (4) preferred methods to obtain that training. An e‐blast was sent to ABGC diplomats (N = 5458) with a link to a 29‐item survey with 12 demographic questions to compare respondents to 2021 NSGC Professional Status Survey (PSS) respondents. Statistical comparisons were made between respondents working in the laboratory versus other settings. Among 399 responses received, there was an oversampling of respondents working in the laboratory (52% vs. 20% in PSS) and in non‐direct patient care positions (47% vs. 25% in PSS). Most respondents agreed the PBCs were transferable to their work yet favored making the PBCs less direct patient care‐focused, expanding PBCs to align with laboratory roles, adding laboratory‐focused questions to the ABGC exam, and adding laboratory‐focused training in MGC programs. Most agreed requiring post‐MGC training would limit genetic counselors' ability to change jobs. Genetic counselors working in the laboratory reported being significantly less prepared by their MGC program for some roles (p < 0.001) or how the PBCs applied to non‐direct patient care positions (p < 0.001). Only 53% of all respondents agreed that NSGC supports their professional needs and others in their practice area, and genetic counselors working in the laboratory were significantly less likely to agree (p = 0.002). These sentiments should be further explored.
An examination of shared leadership configurations and their effectiveness in teams
Authors: Chamberlin Melissa , Nahrgang Jennifer D. , Sessions Hudson , de Jong Bart 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA key challenge in the shared leadership literature has been a limited understanding of how multiple leadership activities are shared across team members and roles. We address this issue by conceptualizing and operationalizing shared leadership using both its content (i.e., what leadership roles are shared) and distribution (i.e., how leadership is shared across members and roles). In an exploratory study comprised of 129 work teams, we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify multiple shared leadership configurations that vary in the extent of sharing. Our second study of 103 MBA teams supports these findings and further (a) considers what shared leadership configurations have the greatest influence on team effectiveness, (b) examines the mediating role of teamwork processes, and (c) investigates the moderating role of temporal dispersion. We advance current research by demonstrating that shared leadership typically manifests in collective (i.e., members share all leadership roles) and distributed configurations (i.e., members hold one leadership role while other members hold other leadership roles), which has implications for team processes and effectiveness. Specifically, we show that collective configurations have higher team effectiveness (compared to distributed configurations) owing to improved teamwork processes and observe that these effects are more pronounced when temporal dispersion is high.
Response of understory plant species diversity to plant mixture on the Loess Plateau: A case study of Hippophae rhamnoides
Authors: Chen Yuxuan , Ren Kang , Wei Tianxing , Sha Guoliang , Yu Huan , Fan Dehui , Zhou Wenjie , Ding Xuewei , Feng Huancheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfforestation with nature‐based solutions is beneficial for restoring biodiversity. On the Loess Plateau of China, numerous monocultures have been converted to mixed plantations following nature‐based solutions. However, the effect of plant mixture on understory plant species diversity remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the understory plant species diversity of different Hippophae rhamnoides mixed plantations resulting from nature‐based solutions and assessed the relative importance of associated factors driving their changes. The results showed that the response of understory plant species diversity to plant mixture was nonsignificant, except for Armeniaca sibirica, which significantly reduced the understory plant species diversity. However, mixed plantations had higher variability in plant species diversity and environmental factors among individual plots than monocultures. In mixed plantations, understory plant species diversity was mainly affected by shrub stratum, followed by overstory stratum, soil nutrients, herbaceous stratum, and topography. Specifically, understory plant species diversity was positively associated with stand density and herb biomass but negatively associated with elevation and soil nitrogen. In particular, soil nitrogen also had negative impacts on herb biomass but was beneficial for the growth of trees and shrubs, indicating that trees and shrubs outperformed herbs in exploiting soil nutrients, a consequence of intense interspecific competition. In addition, the impacts of canopy cover and slope aspects on understory plant species diversity were nonsignificant. Overall, in mixed plantations on the Loess Plateau, understory plant species diversity was primarily affected by interspecific competition for preempting soil nitrogen.