bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote bonding of fiber Bragg grating sensors for Lamb wave measurements: a review
Authors: Peters Kara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article reviews the state-of-the-art in remote bonding of fiber Bragg grating sensors, primarily for Lamb wave measurements in structures. The presence of damage in a structure modifies Lamb waves through reflection and scattering, as well as the potential conversion between Lamb modes. While FBG sensors have been applied to capture ultrasonic waves for the past 30 years, the mounting configuration called remote bonding has recently come to attention as an alternative method to capture guided waves from structures. In this case, the FBG is not located at the bond, but instead at a remote location along the optical fiber. The Lamb waves are converted into propagating acoustic waves along the fiber, which are measured by the FBG. This article presents a discussion of the primary benefits of remote bonding, including the higher sensitivity to low-amplitude Lamb waves, the fact that the FBG can situated in a less harsh environment than the sensing region, and the insensitivity to quasi-static strain. The properties of ultrasonic modes in optical fibers and their conversion from Lamb waves is first reviewed. Strategies to detect these waves with FBGs and the associated instrumentation is also presented. Recent examples from the literature utilizing remote bonded FBGs are then presented. Finally, acoustic couplers to transfer the ultrasonic modes from one or more optical fibers to another are also reviewed.
Switched control strategy based on preview-based MPC for active suspension of heavy-duty vehicle to improve ride comfort and roll stability
Authors: Pang Ludian , Yue Ming , Qi Gengxin , Zhao Xudong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a switched control strategy for heavy-duty vehicles, aiming to improve ride comfort and roll safety in unstructured road conditions. The realization of the comprehensive control target depends on the active suspension system: on the one hand, it can suppress the vibration caused by road excitation; on the other hand, it can dynamically adjust the output vertical force of the actuator to achieve the purpose of anti-roll. Focusing on the important influence of complex road conditions with road curvature and inclination on stability of heavy-duty vehicles, a vertical-lateral coupling nine-degree-of-freedom model is established. Then, a preview-based Model Predictive Control switching controller is designed to make full use of road information, which allows the controller to be solved in advance, thereby improving the real-time performance. In addition, variable weight coefficients are used to realize the switched control of ride comfort and roll safety based on the preview road information. Finally, the simulation results givened by Matlab/Simulink show that over the one without control, the proposed controller improves the ride comfort by about 53.2% and the roll safety by about 45.2%.
Low-cost production method for fluorescent particles for liquid flow velocimetry applications
Authors: Gautam Ankit , Livescu Daniel , Mejia-Alvarez Ricardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this Technical Note, we present a simple and low-cost production method for fluorescent particles perfectly suitable for velocimetry applications. We leverage the unique ability of Nile Red (NR) fluorophores to adsorb on the polymer surface and/or embed itself in between polymeric chains. The laboratory procedure to dye polyamide particles with NR and monetary advantages over commercially available fluorescent particles is outlined. Subsequently, the fluorescence behavior of the dyed particles is tested under a laser illumination source in polar and non-polar liquids. The distinct advantage of the emission spectrum of NR-dyed particles is demonstrated with sample test results.
A deep transfer network based on dual-task learning for predicting the remaining useful life of rolling bearings
Authors: Zhu Xiaojuan , Yu Peng , Su Shuzhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rolling bearings are essential in rotating machinery, and accurate remaining useful life (RUL) predictions are necessary for effective maintenance and optimal performance. Poor trend of health indicators (HI) and operating condition variations can reduce the reliability and accuracy of RUL predictions.To address these challenges, we propose a deep transfer network based on dual-task learning for predicting the remaining life of rolling bearings (DTLDL-RUL). This framework integrates health status assessment and RUL prediction, leveraging task commonalities and differences to create a robust model, then transfers it to improve generalization in the target domain. Specifically, we first mine spatiotemporal features from vibration signals to generate and classify HI, labeling them for subsequent tasks. Next, we use the shared feature extractors and private residual networks to capture common and specific features of each task, merge them with the multi-gate control networks, and adaptively adjust task weights in the loss function to enhance model adaptability. Finally, the trained model is transferred to the target domain using domain adaptation to extract domain invariant features and consider target-specific features, enhancing generalization. Furthermore, to enhance prediction accuracy, we incorporate physical models as constraints in the loss function, combining data-driven and physical principles to improve model interpretability. Experiments conducted on the 2012 PHM and XJTU-SY datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy and generalization in RUL predictions.
Compensation of complex environmental magnetic field disturbances for biomagnetic field measurements
Authors: Wang Haoan , Li Haitao , Sun Jinji , Liu Xikai , Liu Ximing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background magnetic field compensation can effectively improve the signalto-noise ratio of biomagnetic field measurements. But for complex environmental disturbances, creating a stable near-zero magnetic field environment is a challenging topic. Therefore, this paper constructs a background magnetic field compensation system based on the Improved Linear Expanded State Observer (ILESO), which effectively reduces the magnetic field fluctuations. Firstly, the system model is obtained based on the input and output characteristics of the system. Then, an improved linear extended state observer is designed to observe and compensate the environmental disturbance, and the adaptive rate is established to balance the estimation capability of the observer and the measurement noise. Finally, the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. For 1 Hz disturbances, the peak-to-peak magnetic field value was reduced from 3.71 nT to 0.33 nT. Under the influence of external environmental magnetic field disturbances with an amplitude of 3417 nT within the 0–15 Hz frequency band, the internal magnetic field within the magnetic shielding room remains consistently stable within 1 nT. These results have a significant reference for obtaining an ultra-stable, near-zero environment.
Electronic structures of atomic silicon dimer wires as a function of length
Authors: Altincicek Furkan M , Livadaru Lucian , Leon Christopher C , Chutora Taras , Yuan Max , Achal Roshan , Croshaw Jeremiah , Pitters Jason , Wolkow Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bare silicon dimers on hydrogen-terminated Si(100) have two dangling bonds. These are atomically localized regions of high state density near to and within the bulk silicon band gap. We studied bare silicon dimers as monomeric units. Silicon dimer wires are much more stable than wires composed of individual dangling bonds. Dimer wires composed of 1–5 dimers were intentionally fabricated and characterized by STM techniques combined with density functional theory to provide detailed insights into geometric and electronic structure. Structural and dynamic qualities displayed by short wires were shown to be similar to the characteristics of a relatively long 37 dimer wire. Rather than adding two states into the band gap, experiment and theory reveal that each dimer adds one empty state into the gap and one filled state into the valence bands. Coupling among these states provides a conduction pathway with small bulk coupling.
Accurate operando measurement of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs channel temperature and optimization of thermal design
Authors: An Ruihua , Zhao Jinyan , Zhai Shijie , Yang Jun , Li Jie , Hu Wenbo , Dai Liyan , Wang Qiang , Sun Guipeng , Fan Yang , Wu Shengli , Niu Gang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The accurate estimation of the temperature distribution of the GaN based power devices and optimization of the device structure is of great significance to possibly solve the self-heating problem, which hinders the further enhancement of the device performances. We present here the operando temperature measurement with high spatial resolution using Raman spectroscopy of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different device structures and explore the optimization of the device thermal design accordingly. The lateral and depth temperature distributions of the single-finger HEMT were characterized. The channel temperature and self-heating effect of the device under different bias voltages were investigated. By incorporating the two-dimensional electrothermal simulation, the hotspot position can be clearly observed under the gate edge near the drain side. The channel temperature of the multi-finger HEMT was further measured and the experiment results were in agreement with the three-dimensional finite element analysis simulation results. The device structure of the multi-finger device, including the gate width, gate pitch, structure layout, substrate materials, and thickness, were then theoretically optimized to improve the heat dissipation. The peak channel temperature of the device can be reduced by 70 °C when the substrate is substituted from silicon carbide to a single crystalline diamond. These results are of great interest for the thermal management of GaN HEMT power devices and further device performance improvement.
Compact wide band quad element MIMO antenna with inbuilt isolator for 5G applications
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kaur Jaswinder , Sharma Surbhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A compact quad-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with self-isolation and pattern diversity features for 5G applications has designed in this article. In the proposed MIMO antenna design, drop-shaped slots have been cut from the ground plane to attain wide bandwidth of 1 GHz in the operating band 3.3–4.3 GHz of near radio (NR-77) band for 5G applications. Further, a criss-cross shaped isolator is formed after integrating four single wideband antenna elements with different orientations in the ground plane. This shape is responsible for high self-isolation of 25 dB in the desired band of 5G. Further, the 2D radiation pattern of the MIMO antenna has pattern diversity characteristics with a high peak gain of 6 dB in the working band, which validates the proposed work for the 5G MIMO application. The diversity performance of the proposed MIMO antenna has been validated with measured envelope correlation coefficient of 0.0002, diversity gain of 10 and channel capacity loss is below 0.5 bits s−1 Hz−1 across the entire frequency band. Furthermore, simulation studies have been demonstrated for different practical applications such as housing, automotive and on body for practical utility of proposed prototype.
The multi-angle beam bender based on transformation medium
Authors: Dong Wenxiu , Lai Yunyun , Hu Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Contrary to conventional beam benders that limit the beam path to a single, fixed bending angle regardless of the incident angle, this paper introduces a novel bender capable of guiding the beam path to a diverse and extensive range of bending angles. Through the transformation of lenses with curved edges into those with straight edges, the proposed device can effectively steer the beam path in various directions by simply arranging the incident angles.
Infrared detectors based on graphene lattice: an environmental dependent approach
Authors: Javanshoor E , Behnia S , Nemati F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The article discusses the development of an infrared detector using a graphene lattice, focusing on how environmental temperature and external voltage affect its electrical conductivity. The study models environmental temperature as a phonon bath and uses random matrix theory and quantum chaos to analyze the impact of impurities and structural defects. Impurities and defects in the graphene lattice significantly impact both the multifractal dimension and conductivity. The applied external voltage increases the spread of the multifractal dimension, indicating a tendency toward localization at higher voltages. Additionally, the multifractal dimension narrows for the metal state and converges to a single point for localized states. The research highlights the importance of studying these factors to understand the conductivity phase and the ability to detect infrared photons. The findings suggest that changes in electrical current at specific bias voltages can be used to detect infrared photons, with a graphene lattice containing boron impurities operating effectively at room temperature.
Implications of Sgr A∗ on the γ-rays searches of Bino dark matter with (g-2)
μ
Authors: Chattopadhyay Utpal , Das Debottam , Poddar Sujoy , Puri Rahul , Saha Abhijit Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We analyse the impact of dark matter density spike around the Milky Way's supermassive
black hole (SMBH), Sgr A*, in probing the Bino-dominated neutralino dark matter (DM) χ
~1010 within the MSSM, which typically produces relatively faint signals in the conventional
DM halos. In particular, we explore the indirect search prospects of sub-TeV Bino-Higgsino and
Bino-Wino-Higgsino DM in the MSSM, consistent with the supersymmetric predictions required to
explain the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Typical over-abundance of Bino DM is
ameliorated with slepton and/or Wino coannihilations. The lightest neutralino, thus, may be
associated with a compressed supersymmetric particle spectrum, which, in general, is difficult to
probe at conventional LHC searches. Similarly, for a rather tiny Higgsino mixing, χ
~1010 does not offer much prospect to assess its predictions at dark matter direct detection
searches. Accommodating the inclusive effects of density spike, here, we present the requisite
boost factor to facilitate γ--ray searches of Bino-dominated DM in the MSSM, especially
focusing on the Fermi-LAT and HESS observations.
Tungsten impurity reduction by ICRH in a high power injection and high performance H-mode discharge on EAST
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Shi Shengyu , Zhang Ling , Zhang Tao , Wu Xiaohe , Cheng Yunxin , Zhang Wenmin , Mai Chaowei , Fu Shengyu , Jin Yifei , Jian Xiang , Ye Kaixuan , Yu Lin , Zhou Ziqiang , Ma Jiuyang , Yang Shuqi , Geng Kangning , Li Gongshun , Huang Jia , Wen Fei , Liang Yunfeng , Gao Xiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The decrease in tungsten (W) content with the higher ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) power is observed and explained for the first time in a high power injection (P
inj > 10 MW), high performance (β
N ∼ 2, β
P ∼ 2.8, n
e/n
GW ∼ 80%, f
BS ∼ 60%) H-mode discharge on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. Unlike the previous phenomenon of electron cyclotron resonance heating core W control (Shi et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 066031), there is a slight change in the background plasma temperature when higher ICRH is applied, but the toroidal rotational velocity decreases by ∼10 km s−1 . Under this condition, the intensity of W unresolved transition array spectral structure in the region of 45–70 Ǻ (which is composed of W27+-W45+ line emissions) and W44+ density through spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet region decreases markedly. In addition, the poloidal asymmetry of radiation distribution from the tomographic inversions of Soft x-ray emission is reduced obviously. Theoretical modeling results indicate that the reduction in toroidal rotation leads to less W poloidal asymmetry and neoclassical pinch, which is more efficient in alleviating the core W accumulation than the improvement of isotropic hydrogen (H) minority temperature. The effects of isotropic and anisotropic H minority from ICRH on W transport are compared in the simulation lastly.
Removal of fuel retention by direct-current glow discharge under strong magnetic field in EAST superconducting tokamak
Authors: Sun Hao , Yu Yaowei , Cao Bin , Zuo Guizhong , Hu Jiansheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent research has been conducted on the removal of retained fuel particles from the first wall surfaces in the EAST superconducting tokamak, by using direct-current Glow Discharge Cleaning (GDC) under strong magnetic field. The findings from these experiments reveal that GDC can operate in a toroidal field range of 0–2.5 T and achieve high fuel removal rate despite the plasma is strongly confined by the magnetic field. The cleaning process primarily targets the side portion of the limiter adjacent to the GDC anodes on the low field side via thermal desorption to access areas that are typically inaccessible to other plasma types. Additionally, pulsed GDC is less effective than continuous GDC operation under intense magnetic field conditions. The efficiency of pulsed GDC mainly depends on the GDC duty cycle, which further suggests that thermal desorption is the predominant cleaning mechanism in the strong magnetic environment. The integration of Ion Cyclotron Wall Conditioning (ICWC) with GDC in a pulsed mode yields an efficiency increase of roughly 35% over ICWC alone. Furthermore, the new integration cleaning mode can effectively extend the cleaning area. A potential synergy with a variety of discharge cleaning techniques could further extend the cleaning area and improve the efficiency of tritium removal. These insights serve as crucial benchmarks for the removal of retained tritium in the presence of strong magnetic fields in future fusion reactors.
Universal insulating-to-metallic crossover in tight-binding random geometric graphs
Authors: Martínez-Argüello A M , Hidalgo-Castro K B , Méndez-Bermúdez J A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within the scattering matrix approach to electronic transport, the scattering and transport properties of tight-binding random graphs are analyzed. In particular, we compute the scattering matrix elements, the transmission, the channel-to-channel transmission distributions (including the total transmission distribution), the shot noise power and the elastic enhancement factor. Two graph models are considered: random geometric graphs (RGGs) and bipartite RGGs. The results show an insulating to a metallic crossover in the scattering and transport properties by increasing the average degree of the graphs from small to large values. Also, the scattering and transport properties are shown to be invariant under a scaling parameter depending on the average degree and the graph size. Furthermore, for large connectivity and in the perfect coupling regime, the scattering and transport properties of both graph models are well described by the random matrix theory predictions of electronic transport, except for bipartite graphs in particular scattering setups. Our results may be verified experimentally in artificial photonic setups.
Biomimetic swarm fission driven algorithm with preassigned target subgroup size
Authors: Cai He , Wang Hao , Bei Zixin , Zhou Dongkuan , Gao Huanli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inspired by killer whale hunting strategies, this study presents a biomimetic algorithm for controlled subgroup fission in swarms. The swarm agents adopt the classic social force model with some practical modifications. The proposed algorithm consists of three phases: cluster selection phase via a constrained K-means algorithm, driven phase with strategic agent movement, including center pushing, coordinated oscillation, and flank pushing by specialized driven agents, and judgment phase confirming subgroup separation using the Kruskal algorithm. Simulation results confirm the algorithm’s high success rate and efficiency in subgroup division, demonstrating its potential for advancing swarm-based technologies.
Biomimetic tools: insights and implications of a comprehensive analysis and classification
Authors: Zhang Jindong , Kestem Laila , Wommer Kirsten , Wanieck Kristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Biomimetics as the transdisciplinary field leveraging biologically inspired solutions for technical and practical challenges has gained traction in recent decades. Despite its potential for innovation, the complexity of its process requires a deeper understanding of underlying tasks, leading to the development of various tools to aid this process. This study identified an inventory of 104 tools used in biomimetics, of which 24 have been classified as fully accessible, functional, and ready-to-use biomimetic tools. Additionally, it provides definitions and evaluation criteria for biomimetic tools, offering a structured approach to tool assessment. The 24 tools have been assessed based on ten criteria in a qualitative and quantitative analysis yielding an overview of their typology, accessibility, stage of development, and other key characteristics. Patterns of the typology development of tools over time revealed a trend towards integrating computational methods and artificial intelligence, thereby enhancing the tool’s functionality and user engagement. However, gaps in tool functionality and maturity, such as the lack of tools designed to support technical processes, the absence of tools tailored for solution-based approaches, and insufficient evidence of successful tool application, highlight areas for future research. The study results underscore the need for empirical validation of tools, and research into the effectiveness of holistic tools covering multiple stages of the biomimetic process. By addressing these gaps and leveraging existing strengths, the field of biomimetics can continue to advance, providing innovative solutions inspired by biological models.
Ficus carica leaves extract-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and in vitro anticancer activity on TFK-1 cell line
Authors: Aziz Bushra , Bosman Esmeralda DC , van der Wurff-Jacobs Kim MG , van Nostrum Cornelus F , Khurshid Ahmat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Ficus carica extract (FCe) is a natural herb that has received a lot of interest in cancer treatment due to its potential anticancer activities against various malignancies. However, due to FCe’s low bioavailability and low solubility, its clinical use as an anti-cancer medicine is constrained. The current study aimed to prepare FCe-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment. Prepared NPs were characterized by UV–v is spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the spherical FCe-loaded PLGA NPs had a particle size of 162 ± 0.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.08 ± 0.005, and a zeta potential of −4.7 ± 0.6 mV. The encapsulation and loading efficiency were found to be 56 ± 2.3% and 14 ± 1.5%, respectively. A drug release study indicated a diffusion-based release profile. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on the extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (TFK-1) cell line, which showed that both free FCe and corresponding FCe concentrations in NPs were cytotoxic. Cell cycle analysis showed that the FCe arrests the cells in G0/G1 phase, and the cell arrest rate is higher in FCe-loaded NPs compared to free form. A phototoxicity study also showed that the phototoxicity of FCe-loaded PLGA NPs was time-dependent and enhanced in comparison to free FCe. The study’s results demonstrated that FCe-encapsulated PLGA NPs are promising for cancer therapy as a phyto- and phototherapeutic agent-based system.