bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regressive Movements in Times of Emergency
Authors: della Porta Donatella 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Since the very beginning, with mass media and social media focusing on the pandemics, anti-vax protests have received sustained attention. Initial commentary often focused on the heterogeneity of the protests, whose participants seemed to belong to different milieus, from the Far Right to esoteric groups that opposed mainstream medicine and espoused alternative therapies. In reality, in their forms and claims, these protests developed as a regressive response to the health crisis. Conspiracist beliefs—from the politicized QAnon and Great Replacement conspiracies widespread on the Far Right to the chemtrails and 5G ones present in an exoteric milieu that promoted alternative health practices—were clearly expressed in the slogans and symbols used by the protestors. Referring to most recent developments in social movement studies, this volume contributes to the analysis of contentious politics in emergency times, as times characterized by deep disruption in everyday life and rapid structural transformations in society. In order to understand how specific strains are transformed into actions, it considers the opportunities and challenges for different actors in moments of intense mobilization in which different and contrasting claims are put forward. While these moments are rich in innovation, they build upon existing social movement infrastructures, which contribute to give meaning to feelings of dissatisfaction in the populace by proposing a shared definition of problems and solutions. Looking at the wave of anti-vax protests, the analysis addresses the spread of the protests, their forms, as well as their rapid decline.
Connecting the Dots: the Lava Domes' Perspective of Magmatism Related to an Ignimbrite Flare-Up
Authors: Smithies Sarah L , Gravley Darren M , Gualda Guilherme A R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dome eruptions associated with rhyolitic calderas offer an important insight into how extremely large (&gt; &gt; 10 km3), rhyolitic magma systems are constructed through time. We focus on rhyolitic calderas in the central Taupō Volcanic Zone leading to, during, and immediately following the 350- to 240-ka ignimbrite flare-up. We identified 103 dome eruptions that are dated between ca. 650 and 150 ka and collated 239 literature whole-rock compositions from these domes. For each composition, we modelled the pressure of magma extraction from the magma mush and the mineral assemblage of the mush using the rhyolite-MELTS geobarometer. We calculated extraction temperatures using zircon saturation geothermometry. We show that magmas are extracted from typically quartz-bearing magma mush at a wide range of depths (~50–425 MPa, ~2–16 km) and temperatures (~750°C to ~850°C). Throughout the central TVZ, there are two dominant extraction pressure modes at 1) 150–175 MPa and 2) 250–325 MPa, consistent with 1) the depth of the brittle–ductile transition (~6 km) and just below typical pre-eruptive storage depths of other TVZ magmas (100–150 MPa, ~4–6 km); and 2) partial melt regions imaged below ~8 km by previous geophysical studies. In some regions, there is a clear correlation between crustal structures, the depth of magma extraction, and the composition of the magmas. In the Whakamaru caldera, the domes erupted inside the caldera following caldera collapse are extracted from ~225 to ~350 MPa at ~810°C and have orthopyroxene-bearing compositions dissimilar to the caldera-forming eruption. These domes are aligned along normal faults, suggesting that rifting creates pathways for magma extraction from a deeper mush rejuvenated by recharge. The domes erupted along the structural margins of the Whakamaru caldera have very evolved, hornblende-bearing compositions, similar to the caldera-forming eruption and shallow, colder extraction from ~100 to ~200 MPa at ~770°C, suggesting the mush feeding these domes is a remnant of the older caldera-forming magma system mobilized along the caldera-bounding faults. Two structural levels of magma extraction at ~6 km and 9 to 12 km are persistent throughout the flare-up period and across the central TVZ region, demonstrating the need for further investigation into the factors controlling the depth of mush development.
Xylan-directed cell wall assembly in grasses
Authors: Zhang Lanjun , Zhou Yihua , Zhang Baocai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the cell walls of grasses and is pivotal for the assembly of distinct cell wall structures that govern various cellular functions. Xylan also plays a crucial role in regulating biomass recalcitrance, ultimately affecting the utilization potential of lignocellulosic materials. Over the past decades, our understanding of the xylan biosynthetic machinery and cell wall organization has substantially improved due to the innovative application of multiple state-of-the-art techniques. Notably, novel xylan-based nanostructures have been revealed in the cell walls of xylem vessels, promoting a more extensive exploration of the role of xylan in the formation of cell wall structures. This Update summarizes recent achievements in understanding xylan biosynthesis, modification, modeling, and compartmentalization in grasses, providing a brief overview of cell wall assembly regarding xylan. We also discuss the potential for tailoring xylan to facilitate the breeding of elite energy and feed crops.
Altered microheterogeneity at several N‐glycosylation sites in OPSCC in constant protein expression conditions
Authors: Dickinson Amy , Joenväärä Sakari , Tohmola Tiialotta , Renkonen Jutta , Mattila Petri , Carpén Timo , Mäkitie Antti , Silén Suvi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProtein glycosylation responds sensitively to disease states. It is implicated in every hallmark of cancer and has recently started to be considered as a hallmark itself. Changes in N‐glycosylation microheterogeneity are more dramatic than those of protein expression due to the non‐template nature of protein glycosylation. This enables their potential use in serum‐based diagnostics. Here, we perform glycopeptidomics on serum from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), compared to controls and comparing between cancers based on etiology (human papilloma virus‐ positive or negative). Using MS2, we then targeted glycoforms, significantly different between the groups, to identify their glycopeptide compositions. Simultaneously we investigate the same serum proteins, comparing whether N‐glycosylation changes reflect protein‐level changes. Significant glycoforms were identified from proteins such as alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (SERPINA1), haptoglobin, and different immunoglobulins. SERPINA1 had glycovariance at 2 N‐glycosylation sites, that were up to 35 times more abundant in even early‐stage OPSCCs, despite minimal differences between SERPINA1 protein levels between groups. Some identified glycoforms' fold changes (FCs) were in line with serum protein level FCs, others were less abundant in early‐stage cancers but with great variance in higher‐stage cancers, such as on immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2, despite no change in protein levels. Such findings indicate that glycovariant analysis might be more beneficial than proteomic analysis, which is yet to be fruitful in the search for biomarkers. Highly sensitive glycopeptide changes could potentially be used in the future for cancer screening. Additionally, characterizing the glycopeptide changes in OPSCC is valuable in the search for potential therapeutic targets.
Anakinra Removal by Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An Ex Vivo Analysis
Authors: Dubinsky Samuel D.J. , Watt Kevin M. , Imburgia Carina E. , Mcknite Autumn M. , Hunt J. Porter , Rice Cassandra , Rower Joseph E. , Edginton Andrea N. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Patients with sepsis are at significant risk for multiple organ dysfunction, including the lungs and kidneys. To manage the morbidity associated with kidney impairment, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may be required. The extent of anakinra pharmacokinetics in CRRT remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the anakinra–circuit interaction and quantify the rate of removal from plasma.

DESIGN:
The anakinra–circuit interaction was evaluated using a closed-loop ex vivo CRRT circuit. CRRT was performed in three phases based on the method of solute removal: 1) hemofiltration, 2) hemodialysis, and 3) hemodiafiltration. Standard control samples of anakinra were included to assess drug degradation.

SETTING:
University research laboratory.

PATIENTS:
None.

INTERVENTIONS:
Anakinra was administered to the CRRT circuit and serial prefilter blood samples were collected along with time-matched control and hemofiltrate samples. Each circuit was run in triplicate to assess inter-run variability. Concentrations of anakinra in each reference fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transmembrane filter clearance was estimated by the product of the sieving coefficient/dialysate saturation constant and circuit flow rates.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Removal of anakinra from plasma occurred within minutes for each CRRT modality. Average drug remaining (%) in plasma following anakinra administration was lowest with hemodiafiltration (34.9%). The average sieving coefficient was 0.34, 0.37, and 0.41 for hemodiafiltration, hemofiltration, and hemodialysis, respectively. Transmembrane clearance was fairly consistent across each modality with the highest during hemodialysis (5.53 mL/min), followed by hemodiafiltration (4.99 mL/min), and hemofiltration (3.94 mL/min). Percent drug remaining within the control samples (93.1%) remained consistent across each experiment, indicating negligible degradation within the blood.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this analysis are the first to demonstrate that large molecule therapeutic proteins such as anakinra, are removed from plasma with modern CRRT technology. Current dosing recommendations for patients with severe renal impairment may result in subtherapeutic anakinra concentrations in those receiving CRRT.
Deep Learning-Based Localization and Detection of Malpositioned Endotracheal Tube on Portable Supine Chest Radiographs in Intensive and Emergency Medicine: A Multicenter Retrospective Study*
Authors: Wang Chih-Hung , Hwang Tianyu , Huang Yu-Sen , Tay Joyce , Wu Cheng-Yi , Wu Meng-Che , Roth Holger R. , Yang Dong , Zhao Can , Wang Weichung , Huang Chien-Hua 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to develop a computer-aided detection (CAD) system to localize and detect the malposition of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) on portable supine chest radiographs (CXRs).

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective diagnostic study. DeepLabv3+ with ResNeSt50 backbone and DenseNet121 served as the model architecture for segmentation and classification tasks, respectively.

SETTING:
Multicenter study.

PATIENTS:
For the training dataset, images meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: 1) patient age greater than or equal to 20 years; 2) portable supine CXR; 3) examination in emergency departments or ICUs; and 4) examination between 2015 and 2019 at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) (NTUH-1519 dataset: 5,767 images). The derived CAD system was tested on images from chronologically (examination during 2020 at NTUH, NTUH-20 dataset: 955 images) or geographically (examination between 2015 and 2020 at NTUH Yunlin Branch [YB], NTUH-YB dataset: 656 images) different datasets. All CXRs were annotated with pixel-level labels of ETT and with image-level labels of ETT presence and malposition.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
For the segmentation model, the Dice coefficients indicated that ETT would be delineated accurately (NTUH-20: 0.854; 95% CI, 0.824–0.881 and NTUH-YB: 0.839; 95% CI, 0.820–0.857). For the classification model, the presence of ETT could be accurately detected with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: NTUH-20, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.999–1.000 and NTUH-YB: 0.994; 95% CI, 0.984–1.000). Furthermore, among those images with ETT, ETT malposition could be detected with high accuracy (AUC: NTUH-20, 0.847; 95% CI, 0.671–0.980 and NTUH-YB, 0.734; 95% CI, 0.630–0.833), especially for endobronchial intubation (AUC: NTUH-20, 0.991; 95% CI, 0.969–1.000 and NTUH-YB, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.933–0.991).

CONCLUSIONS:
The derived CAD system could localize ETT and detect ETT malposition with excellent performance, especially for endobronchial intubation, and with favorable potential for external generalizability.
Power outages and pediatric unintentional injury hospitalizations in New York State
Authors: Northrop Alexander J. , Flores Nina M. , Do Vivian , Sheffield Perry E. , Casey Joan A. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
In the past decade, electrical power disruptions (outages) have increased in the United States, especially those attributable to weather events. These outages have a range of health impacts but are largely unstudied in children. Here, we investigated the association between outages and unintentional injury hospitalizations, a leading cause of childhood morbidity.

Methods:
The study setting was New York State (NYS) from 2017 to 2020. Outage exposure was defined as ≥10%, ≥20%, and ≥50% of customers from a power operating locality without power, ascertained from NYS Department of Public Service records and stratified by rural, urban non-New York City (NYC), and NYC regions. Outcome daily block group-level pediatric injury hospitalization data was from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). We leveraged a case-crossover study design with logistic conditional regression.

Results:
We identified 23,093 unintentional injury hospitalizations in children <18 years with complete block group and exposure data. Most hospitalizations occurred in urban regions (90%), whereas outages were more likely in rural than urban areas. In urban non-NYC regions, outages ≥4 hours were associated with 30% increased odds of all-cause unintentional injury hospitalizations when ≥50% of customers were without power. Analyses by injury subtype revealed increasing point estimates as the proportion of customers exposed increased. These results, however, had wide confidence intervals.

Conclusions:
Outage exposure differed significantly across rural, urban non-NYC, and NYC regions across New York. Especially at the highest outage threshold, we observed an increased risk of pediatric unintentional injury hospitalizations.
An Effective Approach to Collecting Lymph Vessels Using a Small Diameter Wire for Lymphaticovenous Anastomosis in Upper Limb Lymphedema
Authors: Sowa Yoshihiro , Nakayama Ichiro , Sunaga Ataru , Morishita Yuya , Toyohara Yoshihiro , Yoshimura Kotaro 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), which involves connecting lymphatic vessels to veins under a microscope, is widely performed around the world as a surgical treatment for lymphedema due to its relatively low patient burden and consistent efficacy. One of the crucial points of LVA is identifying suitable lymphatic vessels from among many lymphatic vessels and connecting them at the most effective site, but in practice, this is not easy to do. To overcome this issue, we have been able to effectively drain lymph by connecting lymphatic vessels to veins just before the occluded site using a lymphatic wire that was just recently developed in Japan. The device guides the subcutaneous deep collecting lymphatic vessels from the peripheral relatively superficial lymphatic vessels. While this special wire is typically adapted in the lower limbs, we have confirmed its effectiveness in upper limb lymphedema as well. Overall, this approach shows promise for improving the accuracy and success rates of LVA procedures, which can have significant benefits for patients with upper limb lymphedema. In this article, we share our experience using lymphatic wire for upper limb lymphedema cases.
COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With Loss of Muscle Strength
Authors: Smith James M. , Arsenault Riley , Berry-Sullivan Sam , Lavier Shana , Longo Kayla , Petersen Benjamin , Tansley Taylor 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory and multisystem infection accompanied by risk for multisystemic problems. Recent research proposed a risk for skeletal muscle weakness among those who experienced COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify if muscle strength impairment follows COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
This systematic review of the literature complied with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the design of the review was registered prospectively with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). To reveal appropriate studies, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched. Risk of bias was measured through the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Methodology Checklist 3: Cohort studies.

Results:
Included were 6 studies with a total of 659 participants with COVID-19 infection (mean age: 59.8 years), all of whom were hospitalized or in a nursing facility. Risk of bias assessment revealed that 5 of the studies were of acceptable methodological quality and 1 was of high quality. Four of the studies measured strength using hand-grip dynamometry, 3 studies measured strength using handheld dynamometry, and 1 study measured performance on the 1-minute sit-to-stand test. Across all studies the results showed some degree of a decrease in skeletal muscle strength.

Discussion:
Those with more severe COVID-19 infections were at greater risk for weakness within skeletal muscles. Two studies measured performance by larger muscles (ie, those with greater cross-sectional size) and identified that larger muscles were at greater risk for weakness.

Conclusion:
People recovering from a COVID-19 infection are at risk for experiencing muscle weakness. Clinicians should measure strength among patients who have had COVID-19 infection, including the performance of larger muscles.
Mobility Checklist for Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and a Femoral Intra-aortic Balloon Pump
Authors: Skrzat Julie M. , Santhanam Gayathri Iyer , Olejer Molly S. , Sando Trisha A. 
Published: December 2023

Background and Purpose:
Literature about early mobilization of patients with femoral intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) is emerging. The purpose of our study is to describe the development and implementation of a mobility checklist for patients with advanced heart failure (HF) who had a femoral IABP and assess its safety and feasibility.

Case Description:
A description of the development and implementation of our institution's IABP Mobility Checklist is provided. A retrospective review was conducted for patients with advanced HF who had a femoral IABP to assess safety and feasibility of mobilization. Subjects' demographic, medical, and physical therapy data, as well as safety data, were analyzed.

Outcomes:
The IABP Mobility Checklist was designed to mirror our institution's practice patterns. It is unique in 2 ways. First, it uses a body systems review screening approach to assess a patient's readiness and tolerance to mobilization. Second, the checklist breaks the screening process into 4 broad but distinct mobility phases to encompass a spectrum of movement. Twenty subjects with advanced HF who had a femoral IABP received 49 physical therapy sessions. The highest level of mobility with a femoral IABP was ambulation (50%). There were no major safety events and 2 minor safety events. Subjects stabilized with termination of mobilization. No additional medical interventions were required.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The IABP Mobility Checklist was developed and successfully implemented in patients with advanced HF who had a femoral IABP. Through knowledge acquisition, education, and interprofessional collaboration, mobilization in this patient population was safe and feasible.
Onconephrology: mitigation of renal injury in chemotherapy administration
Authors: Selamet Umut , Ahdoot Rebecca S. , Salasnek Reed , Abdelnour Lama , Hanna Ramy M. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
Onconephrology was first coined as a name for the intersection of cancer medicine and nephrology in the early 2010s. It was recognized then that beyond and understanding of kidney physiology, a new generation of nephrologists skilled in both molecular biology and precision medicine were needed to deal with the challenges of emerging cancer therapies. Stem cell transplants, biologic agents, adjuvants blocking basic cellular signaling pathways, immunotherapy were found to promote novel anticancer outcomes, but also to pose new risks to the kidneys. The field rapidly overlapped with emerging expertise in vascular glomerular disease, glomerular disease, and the same biologic agents now applied to auto immune systemic and kidney diseases.

Recent findings
Many categories of chemotherapeutic agents have been discovered to have adverse renal side effects. In this review, we address classic chemotherapeutic nephrotoxicity and oncologic clinical situations leading to acute kidney injury. We also review the frontiers of nephrotoxicity reported with cell cycle inhibitors, diverse classes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, anticancer vaccines, and thrombotic microangiopathies triggered by malignancy and chemotherapy. The aim will be to focus on published strategies to mitigate nephrotoxicity.

Summary
As onconephrology expands into its own field, it gives birth to new subdisciplines. An understanding that patient populations want the benefits of chemotherapy without the renal (and other) systemic toxicities is emerging. A need to develop a new class of molecular and genetic experts in onconephrology to mitigate nephrotoxicity from chemotherapy is apparent and urgent.
FGF2 promotes the chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer cells through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Jian Xiao-Lan , Zeng Pu-Hua , Li Ke-Xiong , Peng Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
To investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in chemotherapy resistance of colon cancer.

Methods
An HCT116/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–resistant cell line was established, and FGF2 levels were detected in a sensitive cell group (HCT116) and a resistant cell group (HCT1116-R) using different methods. Fibroblast growth factor 2 levels in the medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The protein expressions of FGF2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and phospho-FGFR1 were assessed by Western blotting, and FGF2 mRNA levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fibroblast growth factor 2 recombinant protein was added to sensitive cells, and FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 was added to resistant cells, and the cell survival rate was determined using the cell counting kit-8 method and the protein expressions of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase), p-PI3K (phospho-PI3K), Akt (protein kinase B), p-Akt (phospho-Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR (phospho-mTOR), Bad (Bcl-xL/Bcl-2–associated death promoter), NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3), FKHR (forkhead box protein O1), and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) were detected by Western blotting.

Results
Fibroblast growth factor 2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the HCT116-R group were significantly higher than those in the HCT116 group. Fibroblast growth factor 2 increased the survival rate of HCT116 cells; improved tolerance to 5-FU; upregulated p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR; and downregulated Bad. The FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 decreased cell survival rate and tolerance to 5-FU; downregulated p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR expression; and upregulated Bad.

Conclusions
Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes chemotherapy tolerance in colon cancer cells by activating the Akt/mTOR and Akt/Bad signaling pathways downstream of PI3K.