bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fight against sex trafficking
Authors: Bott Gregory J. , Freeman Nickolas K. , Cochran James J. , Keskin Burcu B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Monitoring online ads, social media and other internet activities can help identify and rescue victims of this murky, complex crime. Nickolas K. Freeman, Gregory J. Bott, Burcu B. Keskin and James J. Cochran describe how their advanced analytical techniques are helping police
Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid and/or Rhabdoid Dedifferentiation After Progression on Immune Checkpoint Therapy
Authors: Hahn Andrew W , Surasi Devaki Shilpa , Viscuse Paul V , Bathala Tharakeswara K , Wiele Andrew J , Campbell Matthew T , Zurita Amado J , Shah Amishi Y , Jonasch Eric , Gao Jianjun , Goswami Sangeeta , Alhalabi Omar , Rao Priya , Sircar Kanishka , Tannir Nizar M , Msaouel Pavlos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Metastatic RCC with sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid (S/R) dedifferentiation is an aggressive disease associated with improved response to immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). The outcomes of patients treated with VEGFR-targeted therapies (TT) following ICT progression have not been investigated.

Patients and Methods
Retrospective review of 57 patients with sarcomatoid (S), rhabdoid (R), or sarcomatoid plus rhabdoid (S + R) dedifferentiation who received any TT after progression on ICT at an academic cancer center. Clinical endpoints of interest included time on TT, overall survival (OS) from initiation of TT, and objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST version 1.1. Multivariable models adjusted for epithelial histology, IMDC risk, prior VEGFR TT, and inclusion of cabozantinib in the post-ICT TT regimen.

Results
29/57 patients had S dedifferentiation and 19 had R dedifferentiation. The most frequently used TT was cabozantinib (43.9%) followed by selective VEGFR TT (22.8%). The median time on TT was 6.4 months for all, 6.1 months for those with S dedifferentiation, 15.6 months for R dedifferentiation, and 6.1 months for S + R dedifferentiation. Median OS from initiation of TT was 24.9 months for the entire cohort, and the ORR was 20.0%. Patients with R dedifferentiation had significantly longer time on TT than those with S dedifferentiation (HR 0.44, 95% CI, 0.21-0.94). IMDC risk was associated with OS.

Conclusions
A subset of patients with S/R dedifferentiation derive clinical benefit from TT after they have progressive disease on ICT. Patients with R dedifferentiation appeared to derive more benefit from TT than those with S dedifferentiation.
Antibody predictors of mortality and lung function trends in myositis spectrum interstitial lung disease
Authors: Hannah Jennifer R , Lawrence Alexandra , Martinovic Jennifer , Naqvi Marium , Chua Felix , Kouranos Vasileios , Ali Saadia Sasha , Stock Carmel , Owens Cara , Devaraj Anand , Pollard Louise , Agarwal Sangita , Atienza-Mateo Belén , González-Gay Miguel Angel , Patel Amit , West Alex , Tinsley Kate , Robbie Hasti , Lams Boris , Wells Athol U , Norton Sam , Galloway James , Renzoni Elisabetta A , Gordon Patrick A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The impact of autoantibody profiles on the prognosis for idiopathic inflammatory myositis–associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) and myositis spectrum ILD with myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study examined whether serological profiles were associated with mortality or longitudinal lung function change.

Methods
The baseline clinical/demographic characteristics and follow-up lung function data of consecutive adult patients with IIM-ILD or interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) positive for MSAs (IPAF-MSA) were extracted from three hospitals. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to compare mortality between groups of patients with different autoantibodies. Regression models were used to analyse their lung function trends.

Results
Of the 430 included patients, 81% met the IIM criteria, and the remaining 19% were diagnosed with IPAF-MSA. On univariate analysis, the risk factors associated with mortality included higher age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and CRP; and lower BMI, baseline TLCO% and FEV1%. Compared with anti-MDA5 negativity, anti-MDA5 positivity (MDA5+) was associated with higher mortality in the first 3 months [hazard ratio (HR) 65.2, 95% CI 14.1, 302.0], while no significant difference was seen thereafter (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.14, 2.28). On multivariate analysis, combined anti-synthetase antibodies were associated with a reduced risk of mortality (HR 0.63), although individually, mortality was reduced in patients with anti-Jo1+ (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.4–0.87) and increased in patients with anti-PL7+ (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.44–2.99). Anti-MDA5+ was associated with slow improvement in %FVC over the first 3 years, while anti-PL7+ was linked with a slow decline from 12 months onwards.

Conclusion
Among the autoantibody profiles in myositis spectrum disorders, anti-MDA5+ and anti-PL7+ conferred higher mortality risks in patients with IIM-ILD. Survivors of an early peak of mortality in anti-MDA5+ disease appeared to have a favourable prognosis.
Impact of serological activity on flare following clinically inactive disease and remission in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kisaoglu Hakan , Sener Seher , Aslan Esma , Baba Ozge , Sahin Sezgin , Bilginer Yelda , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Ozen Seza , Kalyoncu Mukaddes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to assess the association between serological activity (SA) and clinical inactivity in SLE and to investigate whether SA predicts flare after the attainment of clinically inactive disease (CID) and remission.

Methods
The longitudinal data of children from three paediatric rheumatology referral centres were retrospectively reviewed. CID was interpreted as the beginning of a transitional phase of clinical inactivity on a moderate glucocorticoid dose during which tapering was expected and defined as the absence of disease activity in clinical domains of SLEDAI, without haemolytic anaemia or gastrointestinal activity, in patients using &lt;15 mg/day prednisolone treatment. Modified DORIS remission on treatment criteria were used to determine remission.

Results
Of the 124 patients included, 89.5% displayed SA at onset. Through follow-up, the rate of SA decreased to 43.3% at first CID and 12.1% at remission. Among the patients with CID, 24 (20.7%) experienced a moderate-to-severe flare before the attainment of remission. While previous proliferative LN [odds ratio (OR): 10.2, P: 0.01) and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (OR: 6.4, P: 0.02) were significantly associated with increased odds of flare after CID, SA at CID was not associated with flare. In contrast, 21 (19.6%) patients experienced flare in a median of 18 months after remission. Hypocomplementemia (OR: 9.8, P: 0.02) and a daily HCQ dose of &lt;5 mg/kg (OR: 5.8, P: 0.02) during remission significantly increased the odds of flare.

Conclusion
SA during remission increases the odds of flare, but SA at CID does not. Suboptimal dosing of HCQ should be avoided, especially in children with SA in remission, to lower the risk of flares.
Studying sleep: towards the identification of hypnogram features that drive expert interpretation
Authors: van der Woerd Caspar , van Gorp Hans , Dujardin Sylvie , Sastry Manuel , Garcia Caballero Humberto , van Meulen Fokke , van den Elzen Stef , Overeem Sebastiaan , Fonseca Pedro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Hypnograms contain a wealth of information and play an important role in sleep medicine. However, interpretation of the hypnogram is a difficult task and requires domain knowledge and “clinical intuition.” This study aimed to uncover which features of the hypnogram drive interpretation by physicians. In other words, make explicit which features physicians implicitly look for in hypnograms.

Methods
Three sleep experts evaluated up to 612 hypnograms, indicating normal or abnormal sleep structure and suspicion of disorders. ElasticNet and convolutional neural network classification models were trained to predict the collected expert evaluations using hypnogram features and stages as input. The models were evaluated using several measures, including accuracy, Cohen’s kappa, Matthew’s correlation coefficient, and confusion matrices. Finally, model coefficients and visual analytics techniques were used to interpret the models to associate hypnogram features with expert evaluation.

Results
Agreement between models and experts (Kappa between 0.47 and 0.52) is similar to agreement between experts (Kappa between 0.38 and 0.50). Sleep fragmentation, measured by transitions between sleep stages per hour, and sleep stage distribution were identified as important predictors for expert interpretation.

Conclusions
By comparing hypnograms not solely on an epoch-by-epoch basis, but also on these more specific features that are relevant for the evaluation of experts, performance assessment of (automatic) sleep-staging and surrogate sleep trackers may be improved. In particular, sleep fragmentation is a feature that deserves more attention as it is often not included in the PSG report, and existing (wearable) sleep trackers have shown relatively poor performance in this aspect.
Can intraoral and facial photos predict obstructive sleep apnea in the general and clinical population?
Authors: Vidigal Tatiana A , Haddad Fernanda L M , Guimaraes Thaís M , Silva Luciana O , Andersen Monica L , Schwab Richard , Cistulli Peter A , Pack Alan I , Tufik Sergio , Bittencourt Lia Rita A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate and compare measurements of standardized craniofacial and intraoral photographs between clinical and general population samples, between groups of individuals with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 and AHI &lt; 15, and their interaction, as well as the relationship with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
We used data from 929 participants from Sleep Apnea Global Interdisciplinary Consortium, in which 309 patients from a clinical setting and 620 volunteers from a general population.

Results
AHI ≥ 15 were observed in 30.3% of the total sample and there were some interactions between facial/intraoral measures with OSA and both samples. Mandibular volume (p &lt; 0.01) and lateral face height (p = 0.04) were higher in the AHI ≥ 15 group in the clinical sample compared to the AHI ≥ 15 group in the general population and AHI &lt; 15 group in the clinical sample. When adjusted for sex and age, greater mandible width (p &lt; 0.01) differed both in the clinical and in the general population samples, reflecting AHI severity and the likelihood of OSA. The measure of smaller tongue curvature (p &lt; 0.01) reflected the severity and probability of OSA in the clinical sample and the higher posterior mandibular height (p = 0.04) showed a relationship with higher AHI and higher risk of OSA in the general population. When adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index, only smaller tongue curvature (p &lt; 0.01) was associated with moderate/severe OSA.

Conclusions
Measures of greater tongue and mandible were associated with increased OSA risk in the clinical sample and craniofacial measurement was associated in the general population sample.
Low phosphorus impact on Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) root morphological polymorphism and expression pattern of the related genes
Authors: Hang Tingting , Lin Chenjun , Asim Muhammad , Ramakrishnan Muthusamy , Deng Shixin , Yang Ping , Zhou Mingbing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Moso bamboo typically grows in phosphorus (P)-deficient soil that limits its growth and development. In this study, 10 Moso bamboo genotypes (Ph-1 to Ph-10) were evaluated for their responses to P deficiency during the seedling stage by growing them in both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Adaptive responses to low P (LP) conditions were observed in the majority of genotypes. Under P deficiency conditions, the total biomass decreased in several genotypes, but at the same time, the root-to-shoot ratio increased. Principal component analysis identified two main comprehensive traits (PC1 and PC2) related to the root volume and surface area and P concentration and accumulation. Based on the analysis, two genotypes (Ph-6 and Ph-10) were identified with significantly different levels of tolerance to P deficiency. The results revealed that the genotype Ph-10 responded to P deficiency by significantly increasing the root surface area and volume, while simultaneously reducing the number of root cortex cells when compared with the genotype Ph-6, which showed the lowest tolerance (intolerant). The genotype Ph-10 exhibited a robust response to external LP conditions, marked by elevated expression levels of PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTERs and SYG1/PHO81/XPR1s. In situ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis also revealed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of the genes in the roots, particularly highlighting the differences between Ph-6 and Ph-10. The results provide a foundation for elucidating the mechanism of LP tolerance, thus potentially contributing to developing high P-use efficiency in Moso bamboo species.
HuR deficiency abrogated the enhanced NLRP3 signaling in experimental ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Zhao Mingfeng , Lu Xiulian , Du Pengchao , Feng Shaobin , Gong Ruo , Chen Hao , Qi Guoliang , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman antigen R (HuR) is a universally expressed RNA‐binding protein that plays an essential role in governing the fate of mRNA transcripts. Accumulating evidence indicated that HuR is involved in the development and functions of several cell types. However, its role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) remains unclear. In this study, we found that HuR was significantly upregulated after CIRI. Moreover, we found that silencing HuR could inhibit the inflammatory response of microglia and reduce the damage to neurons caused by oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion treatment. In vivo, we found that microglial HuR deficiency significantly ameliorated CIRI and reduced NLRP3‐mediated inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, we found that HuR could regulate NLRP3 mRNA stability by binding to the AU‐rich element (ARE) region within the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of NLRP3 mRNA. In addition, we found that the upregulation of HuR was dependent on the upregulation of NADPH oxidase‐mediated ROS accumulation. Collectively, our studies revealed that HuR could regulate NLRP3 expression and that HuR deficiency abrogated the enhanced NLRP3 signaling in experimental ischemic stroke. Targeting HuR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic stroke treatment.
Maternal Perspective of Inpatient Methadone Initiation: Opportunities to Increase Retention in Treatment
Authors: Gannon Meghan , Hand Dennis , Short Vanessa , McLaughlin Kimberly , Flood Tara , Shaffer Kathryn , Lenegan Nicole , Abatemarco Diane , DiDonato Stephen 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesRecent trends demonstrate increases in the rates of opioid use among pregnant and parenting women. Treatment for pregnant people with opioid use disorder (OUD) includes medications for OUD, like methadone, as well as comprehensive support services. Still, inpatient treatment engagement is suboptimal and treatment drop out is common. There is little research examining the maternal perspective of the inpatient methadone initiation experience. The primary aim of this qualitative methods study was to explore patient experience and perspective of the inpatient methadone initiation period.MethodsAll participants were recruited from a single urban university affiliated hospital and OUD treatment program. Data were collected from 30 maternal participants in OUD treatment about their inpatient methadone initiation experience while pregnant using semistructured interviews. Thematic analyses were conducted using an inductive approach after an iterative process of code development and application among a multidisciplinary team of 3 coders. Validity was accounted for through 2 participant feedback interviews and study team review and discussion of findings.ResultsFour themes emerged from the maternal interview data: (1) Barriers to Inpatient Methadone Initiation, (2) Facilitators to Inpatient Methadone Initiation, (3) Transition From Hospital Inpatient to Outpatient or Residential OUD Treatment Services, and (4) Opportunities for Enhanced Clinical Support.ConclusionMaternal participants reported multiple barriers and facilitators to inpatient care during methadone initiation, highlighting opportunities for improvement to effectively engage pregnant individuals in treatment.
Endohepatology in clinical practice: EUS-guided portal pressure measurement combined with EUS-guided liver biopsy and variceal screening and treatment in outpatients
Authors: Kim Sung , Lewey Scot , Meuller Laura , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives
EUS-guided portal pressure gradient (PPG) is a novel technique that permits a true, direct measure of portal vein pressure and hepatic vein pressure. This article details our experience and lessons learned from 20 consecutive outpatient EUS-PPG procedures performed at a single center, along with simultaneous EUS-guided liver biopsy, variceal screening, and variceal banding.

Methods
Data on the first 20 patients who underwent EUS-PPG at a single center were retrospectively viewed and analyzed. The effects of various liver diseases or other patient-related factors on the clinical and technical success of EUS-PPG measurements, as well as EUS-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB), were evaluated. During the procedure, if esophageal varices were encountered, they were assessed, and if felt to be clinically indicated, endoscopic variceal ligation was performed.

Results
The 20 patients included 10 male and 10 female patients. All procedures were technically successful. In all patients, the portal vein and hepatic veins could be easily identified. One adverse event of bleeding occurred during the EUS-PPG measuring procedure. All 20 EUS-LBs were technically successful and yielded adequate samples for histological evaluations, with an average of 25 complete portal tracts per sample. Among patients with esophageal varices, 40% of patients underwent banding. The mean EUS-PPG among 5 patients with esophageal varices was 11.6 mm Hg, compared with 3.2 mm Hg among 15 patients without esophageal varices.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that EUS-PPG is a novel, safe, reproducible, and effective technique. Also, the fact that EUS-PPG, EUS-LB, variceal screening, and variceal banding could be performed in 1 session and on an outpatient basis speaks to the growing relevance and impact of the nascent field of endohepatology.
Dose–response association between physical activity and blood pressure among Chinese adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Guan Tianjia , Cao Man , Zheng Congyi , Zhou Haoqi , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Cao Xue , Tian Yixin , Guo Jian , Han Xueyan , Wang Zengwu 
Published: December 2023

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to examine the dose–response associations of physical activity with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension risk among Chinese adults.

Methods:
Derived from the national community-based China Hypertension Survey database during 2012--2015, a total of 203 108 residents aged at least 18 years were included. Individual-level physical activity was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire, and minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week) were calculated, integrating domain, intensity, frequency, and duration. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate associations of physical activity with BP and hypertension risk, and restricted cubic spline regressions were performed for their nonlinear dose–response relationships.

Results:
Overall, the median total physical activity (TPA) was 3213.0 MET-min/week and the prevalence of physical inactivity was 14.8%. TPA was negatively associated with BP. Increasing TPA levels was related to a steep decrease in systolic BP, up to approximately 2500 MET-min/week, with more modest benefits above that level of TPA. Higher levels of domain-specific and intensity-specific physical activity were found to be associated with lower BP levels and hypertension risk, except for the association between vigorous-intensity physical activity and systolic BP. We found that TPA within the range of 2000--4000 MET-min/week, a higher frequency and shorter duration were inversely associated with diastolic BP levels.

Conclusion:
Total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity were inversely related to BP levels, respectively, in a dose–response fashion. Of a given amount, higher-frequency, shorter-duration, and lower-intensity physical activity produced more beneficial effects.
ADAR1 gene mutations in two Chinese pedigrees with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria
Authors: Cao Ya-Qi , Han Chun-Yu , Han Jian-Wen 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited disease with high penetrance. Patients with DSH display a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the dorsal aspects of the extremities and freckle-like macules on the face.

Case presentation:
We identified mutations in two Chinese pedigrees with DSH using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and verified these mutations with PCR-Sanger sequencing. We found a previously reported mutation, c.2433_2434del (p.A813Qfs*29), in exon 7 of ADAR1 in the patient of pedigree one and a novel mutation, c.3301G>T(p.V1101F), in exon 13 of ADAR1 in the patients of pedigree two.

Discussion:
We have identified two gene mutations, one of which may be a novel mutation. At present, the main focus is to improve the color of skin lesions. Laser therapy and sun protection can to some extent alleviate skin lesions.

Conclusion:
The findings of the current case have expanded the range of ADAR1 mutations associated with DSH and may be of great help for future clinical genetic counseling.