bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of attraction and trap catches of the old‐house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), by combination of male sex pheromone and monoterpenes
Authors: Reddy Gadi VP , Fettköther Regina , Noldt Uwe , Dettner Konrad 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMonoterpenoid compounds extracted from wood of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L, synergized the attraction of the old‐house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (L), to the male pheromone (3R)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐hexanone ((3R)‐ketol) + 1‐butanol. Glasshouse experiments using ground traps baited with extracts derived from Scots pine wood or the monoterpenes (+)‐α‐pinene, (−)‐verbenone, (−)‐trans‐pinocarveol and (+)‐terpinen‐4‐ol attracted significantly more H bajulus females, but caught fewer of them, than the synthetic pheromone mixture alone. Traps baited with higher concentrations of the monoterpene mixture attracted fewer females than those baited with lower dosages, whilst very high concentrations of the mixture (6–10 vials) caught no insects. However, a combination of (3R)‐ketol + 1‐butanol or (±)‐3‐ketol + 1‐butanol with monoterpenes resulted in the capture of significantly more females than either the sex pheromone or the monoterpene mixture alone. Traps baited with a blend of the male's sex pheromone or the monoterpenes attracted significantly more, but caught fewer, males than females. Here again, a combination of the above blends enhanced the attraction of males significantly when compared with the attractancy of either of the compounds/mixtures used alone. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Semiquantitative histomorphometric analysis of myocardium following partial left ventriculectomy: 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Vasiljević Jovan D. , Otašević Petar , Popović Zoran B. , Nešković Aleksandar N. , Vidaković Radoslav , Popović Zoran V. , Radovančević Branislav , Frazier O. Howard , Gradinac Siniša 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground:Although partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) may have beneficial clinical effects in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), there are no reports on effects of PLV on myocardial histology. The objective of this study was to assess histological properties of the LV myocardium 1 year following PLV as compared to histology at the time of the operation.Methods:The study group consisted of 15 consecutive PLV survivors, predominantly male (13/15), aged 45±12 years. Surgical specimens and endomyocardial biopsies, taken 12 months postoperatively, were processed routinely and stained with Masson‐trichrome. The following morphometric parameters were assessed semiquantitavely: (1) degree of hypertrophy and attenuation; (2) nuclear evidence of hypertrophy; (3) myofibrillar volume fraction; (4) degree of degenerative vacuolar changes; and (5) fibrosis volume fraction.ResultsBoth New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and ejection fraction (EF) improved 12 months following surgery as compared to preoperative values (2.40±0.69 vs. 3.33±0.49, p<0.001, and 33.21±12.05% vs. 20.21±9.07%, p<0.001, respectively). Morphometric analysis demonstrated postoperative decrease in the degree of attenuation as compared to preoperative values (1.40±0.51 vs. 2.47±0.64, p<0.01), as well as a decrease in fibrosis volume fraction (2.07±0.80 vs. 2.67±0.49, p<0.001) and nuclear hypertrophy (1.27±0.46 vs. 1.67±0.62, p<0.05). On the other hand, postoperative increase in myofibrillar volume fraction (1.87±0.61 vs. 1.40±0.61, p<0.01) was noted.ConclusionOne year postoperatively, PLV has favourable effects on myocardial morphology that parallels improvement in the patient's functional status and LV systolic function.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition causes marked impairment of renal function in elderly subjects treated with diuretics and ACE‐inhibitors
Authors: Juhlin Tord , Björkman Sven , Höglund Peter 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackground:Treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitors is known to cause an initial reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with congestive heart failure. The long‐term beneficial effects of ACE‐inhibitors in these patients can be counteracted by cyclooxygenase‐inhibitors.Aims:To quantify the negative renal effects of the cyclooxygenase‐inhibitor diclofenac in elderly healthy subjects and to assess how treatment with an ACE‐inhibitor, after activation of the renin–angiotensin system, influences these renal effects.Methods:Fourteen elderly, healthy subjects received oral diclofenac and placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over fashion. The study was divided in two parts; in part one, subjects received no pre‐treatment and in part two, the subjects were given pre‐treatment with bendroflumethiazide and enalapril in order to activate the renin–angiotensin system.Results:Diclofenac induced significant (p<0.05) decreases in GFR, urine flow, excretion rates of sodium and potassium, electrolyte clearance, osmolality clearance and free water clearance both with and without renin–angiotensin system activation. Least square means (95% CI) of all observations during the first 6 h after dosing showed that diclofenac caused a reduction in GFR from 71 (64–78) to 59 (52–66) ml/min. After pre‐treatment, diclofenac further reduced GFR from 60 (52–67) to 48 (40–55) ml/min. After diclofenac administration, urine flow fell from 7.4 (6.4–8.3) to 5.1 (4.2–6.1) ml/min, after pre‐treatment, diclofenac gave a further reduction from 4.1 (3.1–5.1) to 2.2 (1.3–3.2) ml/min. More than half of the reductions were caused by the pre‐treatment.Conclusion:Renal function in elderly, healthy subjects is impaired after acute intake of diclofenac. This impairment is observed both with and without activation of the renin–angiotensin system and ACE‐inhibitor treatment but is more pronounced after pre‐treatment.
Conflicting demands on wetland ecosystem services: nutrient retention, biodiversity or both?
Authors: HANSSON LARS‐ANDERS , BRÖNMARK CHRISTER , ANDERS NILSSON P , ÅBJÖRNSSON KAJSA 
Published: March 2005

Summary1. Wetland ecosystems may, besides having considerable economical value, increase landscape biodiversity and function as traps for nutrients from land to freshwater‐ and marine systems. As a result of these features, wetlands are nowadays often protected and restored, and many countries have even initiated wetland construction programmes.2. In the present study, we aim at increasing the knowledge on how to improve the design of a wetland with respect to both biodiversity and nutrient retention, by analysing physical, chemical and biological features of a large set of constructed wetlands.3. Our results show that a combination of the wetland features, namely shallow depth, large surface area and high shoreline complexity are likely to provide a high biodiversity of birds, benthic invertebrates and macrophytes and to have high nitrogen retention, whereas a small, deep wetland is likely to be more efficient in phosphorus retention, but less valuable in terms of biodiversity.4. Hence, among the features used to design new wetlands, area, depth and shoreline complexity have fundamental, and sometimes conflicting, effects on nutrient retention and biodiversity. This means that there are, within limits, possibilities to direct the ecosystem function of a specific wetland in desired directions.
Effect of postpartum iron supplementation on red cell and iron parameters in non‐anaemic iron‐deficient women: a randomised placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Krafft A. , Perewusnyk G. , Hänseler E. , Quack K. , Huch R. , Breymann C. 
Published: March 2005

Objective  To investigate the effect of oral iron on postpartum red cell and iron parameters in non‐anaemic women with iron deficiency.Design  Randomised study of supplementation with oral iron sulphate 80 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks starting 24−48 hours after delivery, with visits antepartum and 1, 4, 6 and 12 weeks postpartum.Setting  Swiss university hospital obstetric unit.Participants  Fifty‐two women with antenatal iron deficiency (serum ferritin <15 μg/L) and no antenatal or postnatal anaemia (haemoglobin >11 g/dL up to 48 hours before delivery, and >10 g/dL postpartum), divided into two groups comparable in antenatal iron status.Methods  Supplementation was started 24–48 hours after delivery (visit 1:V1). Additional tablets were issued one week after V1 (V2), four weeks after V1 (V3) and six weeks after V1 (V4). The last visit took place 12 weeks after visit 1 and 6 weeks after visit 4 (V5). Patients were required to return blisters and boxes whether they were used and unused at each visit and compliance was assessed by counting the tablets. Blood samples for haematology and iron status testing were taken before delivery and at each visit.Main outcome measures  Iron status (serum ferritin, hypochromic red cells, iron, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptor concentration); erythropoiesis (standard parameters, including reticulocyte indices); and inflammatory response (serum neopterin, C‐reactive protein, white cell count) in five‐datapoint profiles.Results  Increased ferritin (P= 0.0004) and transferrin saturation (P= 0.03), decreased soluble transferrin receptors (P= 0.02); increased haemoglobin (P= 0.02) and decreased hypochromic red cells (P= 0.04) compared with placebo at 12 weeks, with no differences in other red cell or reticulocyte parameters. There was a positive correlation between C‐reactive protein and postpartum ferritin. No correlation was observed in the puerperium between C‐reactive protein and hypochromic red cells or soluble transferrin receptors.Conclusions  Haemoglobin levels and iron stores in women with term gestational iron deficiency benefit significantly from iron supplementation compared with placebo, even in an industrialised population.
Stress and life dissatisfaction are inversely associated with jogging and other types of physical activity in leisure time—The Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Schnohr P. , Kristensen T.S. , Prescott E. , Scharling H. 
Published: March 2005

The associations between physical activity in leisure time with special focus on jogging and the level of mental stress and life dissatisfaction were studied in 12 028 randomly selected men and women aged 20–79 years. The associations were similar in men and women; thus, results are given for pooled data. The odds ratios (ORs) are presented as adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, education and income. With increasing physical activity in leisure time, there was a decrease in high level of stress, between sedentary persons and joggers, OR=0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.16 to 0.56). With increasing physical activity there was also a decrease in life dissatisfaction, between sedentary persons and joggers, OR=0.30 (95% CI from 0.18 to 0.52). Although there was a dose–response effect between physical activity and psychosocial well‐being the most pronounced difference with regard to the level of stress and dissatisfaction was seen between the group with low and the group with moderate physical activity, e.g., 2–4 h of walking per week.In conclusion, we recommend that increased well‐being should be a key argument in future campaigns for increased leisure‐time physical activity.
Combining Affymetrix microarray results
Authors: Stevens John R , Doerge RW 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
As the use of microarray technology becomes more prevalent it is not unusual to find several laboratories employing the same microarray technology to identify genes related to the same condition in the same species. Although the experimental specifics are similar, typically a different list of statistically significant genes result from each data analysis.

Results
We propose a statistically-based meta-analytic approach to microarray analysis for the purpose of systematically combining results from the different laboratories. This approach provides a more precise view of genes that are significantly related to the condition of interest while simultaneously allowing for differences between laboratories. Of particular interest is the widely used Affymetrix oligonucleotide array, the results of which are naturally suited to a meta-analysis. A simulation model based on the Affymetrix platform is developed to examine the adaptive nature of the meta-analytic approach and to illustrate the usefulness of such an approach in combining microarray results across laboratories. The approach is then applied to real data involving a mouse model for multiple sclerosis.

Conclusion
The quantitative estimates from the meta-analysis model tend to be closer to the "true" degree of differential expression than any single lab. Meta-analytic methods can systematically combine Affymetrix results from different laboratories to gain a clearer understanding of genes' relationships to specific conditions of interest.
Towards precise classification of cancers based on robust gene functional expression profiles
Authors: Guo Zheng , Zhang Tianwen , Li Xia , Wang Qi , Xu Jianzhen , Yu Hui , Zhu Jing , Wang Haiyun , Wang Chenguang , Topol Eric J , Wang Qing , Rao Shaoqi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Development of robust and efficient methods for analyzing and interpreting high dimension gene expression profiles continues to be a focus in computational biology. The accumulated experiment evidence supports the assumption that genes express and perform their functions in modular fashions in cells. Therefore, there is an open space for development of the timely and relevant computational algorithms that use robust functional expression profiles towards precise classification of complex human diseases at the modular level.

Results
Inspired by the insight that genes act as a module to carry out a highly integrated cellular function, we thus define a low dimension functional expression profile for data reduction. After annotating each individual gene to functional categories defined in a proper gene function classification system such as Gene Ontology applied in this study, we identify those functional categories enriched with differentially expressed genes. For each functional category or functional module, we compute a summary measure (s) for the raw expression values of the annotated genes to capture the overall activity level of the module. In this way, we can treat the gene expressions within a functional module as an integrative data point to replace the multiple values of individual genes. We compare the classification performance of decision trees based on functional expression profiles with the conventional gene expression profiles using four publicly available datasets, which indicates that precise classification of tumour types and improved interpretation can be achieved with the reduced functional expression profiles.

Conclusion
This modular approach is demonstrated to be a powerful alternative approach to analyzing high dimension microarray data and is robust to high measurement noise and intrinsic biological variance inherent in microarray data. Furthermore, efficient integration with current biological knowledge has facilitated the interpretation of the underlying molecular mechanisms for complex human diseases at the modular level.
Cloning of the koi herpesvirus (KHV) gene encoding thymidine kinase and its use for a highly sensitive PCR based diagnosis
Authors: Bercovier Herve , Fishman Yolanta , Nahary Ronen , Sinai Sharon , Zlotkin Amir , Eyngor Marina , Gilad Oren , Eldar Avi , Hedrick Ronald P 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Outbreaks with mass mortality among common carp Cyprinus carpio carpio and koi Cyprinus carpio koi have occurred worldwide since 1998. The herpes-like virus isolated from diseased fish is different from Herpesvirus cyprini and channel catfish virus and was accordingly designated koi herpesvirus (KHV). Diagnosis of KHV infection based on viral isolation and current PCR assays has a limited sensitivity and therefore new tools for the diagnosis of KHV infections are necessary.

Results
A robust and sensitive PCR assay based on a defined gene sequence of KHV was developed to improve the diagnosis of KHV infection. From a KHV genomic library, a hypothetical thymidine kinase gene (TK) was identified, subcloned and expressed as a recombinant protein. Preliminary characterization of the recombinant TK showed that it has a kinase activity using dTTP but not dCTP as a substrate. A PCR assay based on primers selected from the defined DNA sequence of the TK gene was developed and resulted in a 409 bp amplified fragment. The TK based PCR assay did not amplify the DNAs of other fish herpesviruses such as Herpesvirus cyprini (CHV) and the channel catfish virus (CCV). The TK based PCR assay was specific for the detection of KHV and was able to detect as little as 10 fentograms of KHV DNA corresponding to 30 virions. The TK based PCR was compared to previously described PCR assays and to viral culture in diseased fish and was shown to be the most sensitive method of diagnosis of KHV infection.

Conclusion
The TK based PCR assay developed in this work was shown to be specific for the detection of KHV. The TK based PCR assay was more sensitive for the detection of KHV than previously described PCR assays; it was as sensitive as virus isolation which is the golden standard method for KHV diagnosis and was able to detect as little as 10 fentograms of KHV DNA corresponding to 30 virions.
Emergence of unusual species of enterococci causing infections, South India
Authors: Prakash Vittal P , Rao Sambasiva R , Parija Subash C 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Background
Enterococci tend to be one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, with E. faecalis and E. faecium accounting up to 90% of the clinical isolates. Nevertheless, the incidence of other species of enterococci from clinical sources shows an alarming increase with the properties of intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics including beta-lactams and glycopeptides. Thus proper identification of enterococci to species level is quintessential for management and prevention of these bacteria in any healthcare facility. Hence this work was undertaken to study the prevalence of unusual species of enterococci causing human infections, in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Methods
The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India from July 2001 to June 2003. Isolates of enterococci were collected from various clinical specimens and speciated using extensive phenotypic and physiological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed and interpreted as per NCCLS guidelines. Whole cell protein (WCP) fingerprinting of enterococci were done for species validation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and analyzed computationally.

Results
Our study showed the prevalence of unusual (non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococci) and atypical (biochemical variant) species of enterococci as 19% (46 isolates) and 5% (12 isolates) respectively. The 7 unusual species (46 isolates) isolated and confirmed by phenotypic characterization includes: 15 E. gallinarum (6.2%), 10 E. avium (4.1%), 6 E. raffinosus (2.5%), 6 E. hirae (2.5%), 4 E. mundtii (1.7%), 3 E. casseliflavus-including the two atypical isolates (1.2%) and 2 E. durans (0.8%). The 12 atypical enterococcal species (5%) that showed aberrant sugar reactions in conventional phenotyping were confirmed as E. faecalis, E. faecium and E. casseliflavus respectively by WCP fingerprinting. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing depicted the emergence of high-level aminoglycoside and beta-lactam resistance among different species apart from intrinsic vancomycin resistance by some species, while all the species tested were susceptible for linezolid and teicoplanin.

Conclusion
Our study reveals the emergence of multi-drug resistance among unusual species of enterococci posing a serious therapeutic challenge. Precise identification of enterococci to species level enables us to access the species-specific antimicrobial resistance characteristics, apart from knowing the epidemiological pattern and their clinical significance in human infections.
A review of HIV prevention among young injecting drug users: A guide for researchers
Authors: Dolan Kate A , Niven Heather 
Published: March 2005

AbstractYoung people aged 15–24 years account for fifty percent of all new AIDS cases worldwide. Moreover, half of all new HIV infections are associated with injection drug use. The average age for initiation into injecting drug use is 20 years of age. This paper investigates whether HIV prevention programs have reduced risk behaviours in young people.
Clinical Characteristics of Pheochromocytoma Patients With Germline Mutations in SDHD
Authors: Dannenberg Hilde , van Nederveen Francien H. , Abbou Mustaffa , Verhofstad Albert A. , Komminoth Paul , de Krijger Ronald R. , Dinjens Winand N.M. 
Published: March 2005

Purpose We examined the value of SDHD mutation screening in patients presenting with apparently sporadic and familial pheochromocytoma for the identification of SDHD-related pheochromocytomas. Patients and Methods This retrospective study involved 126 patients with adrenal or extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, including 24 patients with a family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2, von Hippel-Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, or paraganglioma (PGL). Conformation-dependent gel electrophoresis and sequence determination analysis of germline and tumor DNA were used to identify SDHD alterations. The clinical and molecular characteristics of sporadic and hereditary tumors were compared. We reviewed the literature and compared our results with those from previously published studies. Results Pathogenic germline SDHD mutations were identified in three patients: two (2.0%) of the 102 apparently sporadic pheochromocytoma patients and one patient with a family history of PGL. These patients presented with multifocal disease (two of three multifocal patients) or with a single adrenal tumor (one of 82 patients). In the literature, mutations are mostly found in patients ≤ 35 years of age or presenting with multifocal or extra-adrenal disease. All patients with an SDHD mutation developed extra-adrenal tumors (pheochromocytomas or PGLs) at presentation or during follow-up. Conclusion SDHD gene mutations in patients presenting with apparently sporadic adrenal pheochromocytoma are rare. We recommend SDHD mutation screening for patients presenting with a family history of pheochromocytoma or PGL, multiple tumors, isolated adrenal or extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas, and age ≤ 35 years. Analysis of SDHD can also help to distinguish synchronous primary tumors from abdominal metastases.
Thermodynamic stability and transformation of pharmaceutical polymorphs
Authors: Kitamura Mitsutaka 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The thermodynamic stability and transformation of pharmaceutical polymorphs was investigated, especially those of the thiazole derivative pharmaceutical, 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutyloxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid (BPT). The influence of methanol compositions in solvents and temperature on the solubility and the transformation behavior of BPT was clarified. The transformation behavior was explained by the chemical potential difference between the stable and metastable forms. It was shown that a specific solute–solvent interaction contributes to the preferential nucleation and growth of the stable or metastable forms and influences the transformation behaviors. The solubility of BPT of the solvated crystals is much more influenced by the solvent compositions than the true polymorphs. The solubility ratio of the solvated crystals depends on the solvent composition, whereas the solubility ratio of the true polymorphs is considered to be independent of the solvents. The crystallization behavior was also investigated. The transformation rate after crystallization appeared to depend on the initial concentration of BPT and the addition rate of the antisolvent. The cause of this phenomenon was presumed to be a slight inclusion of the stable form in the metastable form.