bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of driving power and dependency of wastes in the healthcare sector: a lean and ISM-Based approach
Authors: Kharub Manjeet , Gupta Himanshu , Rana Sudhir , McDermott Olivia 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe objective of this study is to systematically identify, categorize and assess the driving factors and interdependencies associated with various types of healthcare waste. The study specifically focuses on waste that has been managed or is recommended for treatment through the application of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodologies.Design/methodology/approachTo accomplish the study’s objectives, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was utilized. This analytical tool aided in quantifying the driving power and dependencies of each form of healthcare waste, referred to as “enablers,” as well as their related variables. As a result, these enablers were classified into four distinct categories: autonomous, dependent, linkage and drivers or independents.FindingsIn the healthcare sector, the “high cost” (HC) emerges as an autonomous variable, operating with substantial independence. Conversely, variables such as skill wastage, poor service quality and low patient satisfaction are identified as dependent variables. These are distinguished by their low driving power and high dependency. On the flip side, variables related to transportation, production, processing and defect waste manifest strong driving forces and minimal dependencies, categorizing them as independent factors. Notably, inventory waste (IW) is highlighted as a salient issue within the healthcare domain, given its propensity to engender additional forms of waste.Research limitations/implicationsEmploying the ISM model, along with comprehensive case study analyses, provides a detailed framework for examining the complex hierarchies of waste existing within the healthcare sector. This methodological approach equips healthcare leaders with the tools to accurately pinpoint and eliminate unnecessary expenditures, thereby optimizing operational efficiency and enhancing patient satisfaction. Of particular significance, the study calls attention to the key role of IW, which often acts as a trigger for other forms of waste in the sector, thus identifying a crucial area requiring focused intervention and improvement.Originality/valueThis research reveals new insights into how waste variables are structured in healthcare, offering a useful guide for managers looking to make their waste-reduction strategies more efficient. These insights are highly relevant not just for healthcare providers but also for the administrators and researchers who are helping to shape the industry. Using the classification and ranking model developed in this study, healthcare organizations can more easily spot and address common types of waste. In addition, the model serves as a useful tool for practitioners, helping them gain a deeper, more detailed understanding of how different factors are connected in efforts to reduce waste.
Nexus between financialization of agricultural products and food security amid financial crisis: empirical insights from BRICS
Authors: Manogna R.L. , Kulkarni Nishil , Krishna D. Akshay 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe study endeavors to explore whether the financialization of agricultural commodities, traditionally viewed as a catalyst for price volatility, has any repercussions on food security in BRICS economies.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis employs the examination of three agricultural commodities, namely wheat, maize and soybean. Utilizing data from the Chicago Board of Trade on futures trading for these commodities, we focus on parameters such as annual trading volume, annual open interest contracts and the ratio of annual trading volume to annual open interest contracts. The study spans the period 2000–2021, encompassing pre- and post-financial crisis analyses and specifically explores the BRICS countries namely the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. To scrutinize the connections between financialization indicators and food security measures, the analysis employs econometric techniques such as panel data regression analysis and a moderating effects model.FindingsThe results indicate that the financialization of agricultural products contributes to the heightened food price volatility and has adverse effects on food security in emerging economies. Furthermore, the study reveals that the impact of the financialization of agricultural commodities on food security was more pronounced in emerging nations after the global financial crisis of 2008 compared to the pre-crisis period.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper seeks to draw increased attention to the financialization of agricultural commodities by presenting empirical evidence of its potential impact on food security in BRICS economies. The findings serve as a valuable guide for policymakers, offering insights to help them safeguard the security and availability of the world’s food supply.Originality/valueVery few studies have explored the effect of financialization of agricultural commodities on food security covering a sample of developing economies, with sample period from 2000 to 2021, especially at the individual agriculture commodity level. Understanding the evolving effects of financialization is further improved by comparing pre and post-financial crisis times.
Financial harm in the context of adult protection: the complexity of factors influencing joint decision-making
Authors: Durowse Melanie , Fenton Jane 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This research was conducted as part of a PhD study. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors taken into consideration when multi-agency practitioners were considering financial harm in the context of adult protection and how this influenced their decision-making processes.

Design/methodology/approach
An adapted q sort methodology initially established the areas of financial harm considered to have additional factors, which led to complexity in adult protection decision making. These factors were further explored in individual interviews or focus groups.

Findings
The data identified that the decision-making process varied between thorough analysis, rationality and heuristics with evidence of cue recognition, factor weighting and causal thinking. This highlighted the relevance of Kahneman’s (2011) dual processing model in social work practice. Errors that occurred through an over reliance on System 1 thinking can be identified and rectified through the use of System 2 thinking and strengthen social work decision-making.

Originality/value
This paper considers the practice of multi-agency adult protection work in relation to financial harm and identifies the influences on decisions.
How to handle the academic literature of sex offenders? A post-publication protection mechanism is needed
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the creation of safe academic (education and research) environments that offer proper protections to adult academics and staff, so that academia and society at large may benefit from the fruits of safe workplaces. Not all academic environments are entirely safe, and there are recorded cases of victims of harassment and sexual abuse.

Design/methodology/approach
Given that co-workers in a laboratory, or research subjects in a research project, may be victims of harassment or sexual abuse, and that the same individuals may then become co-authors or anonymized research subjects, respectively, in academic papers, there is a need to appreciate what structural protection exists for such victims at the post-publication level. What should academia do with the literature of legally recognized sex offenders who have published in peer-reviewed and indexed academic journals?

Findings
Currently, there is no specific guidance by ethics organizations (e.g., Committee on Publication Ethics and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) to deal with this issue, so protective mechanisms for adult victims, as well as punitive measures against perpetrators at the post-publication stage, are needed.

Originality/value
There may be career-altering repercussions – personal, professional and reputational – for co-authors of legally recognized sex offenders in papers published in peer-reviewed and indexed journals. There may also be life-altering outcomes to victims of sexual abuse who are the study subjects of such papers. Thus, a robust form of post-publication protection (and justice) based on unbiased and independent ethical and legal investigations, coordinated by editors, publishers and research institutes, needs to be established.
Relevance and creativity – a linear model
Authors: de Fremery Wayne , Buckland Michael Keeble 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a new and useful formulation of relevance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is formulated as a conceptual argument. It makes the case for the utility of considering relevance to be function of use in creative processes.FindingsThere are several corollaries to formulating relevance as a function of use. These include the idea that objects by themselves cannot be relevant since use assumes interaction; the affordances of objects and how they are perceived can affect what becomes relevant but are not in themselves relevant; relevance is not an essential characteristic of objects; relevance is transient; potential relevance (what might be relevant in the future) can be distinguished from what is relevant in use and from what has been relevant in the past.Originality/valueThe paper shows that its new formulation of relevance brings improved conceptual and terminological clarity to the discourse about relevance in information science. It demonstrates that how relevance is articulated conceptually is important as its conceptualization can affect the ways that users are able to make use of information systems and, by extension, how information systems can facilitate or disable the co-production of creative outcomes. The paper also usefully expands investigative opportunities by suggesting relevance and creativity are interrelated.
Tweeting for change: social media narratives for sustainable service
Authors: Krishen Anjala S. , Barnes Jesse L. , Petrescu Maria , Janjuha-Jivraj Shaheena 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis interdisciplinary study aims to analyze how service organizations communicate sustainable beliefs in their social media narratives and use them to generate brand awareness, customer recognition and ongoing demand for sustainable service.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase exploratory analysis of 10,342 tweets from 2019–2020 was conducted by sustainable global corporations to identify best practices for their social media teams operating within a service-based business model. First, the significant themes were identified using an unguided machine learning approach of three types of firms: services, goods and mixed. Next, the full set of tweets with linguistic sentiment analysis was analyzed followed by a deeper view of the services-based organizations based on their strategic focus (business-to-business [B2B] versus mixed).FindingsThe findings indicate that tweets that appear to create the highest customer engagement are characterized as having high levels of analytical language, high clout (i.e. are socially relevant), a positive tone, a high number of words and a high number of words per sentence. On the other hand, having complex language in terms of six-letter words does not seem to associate with customer engagement. The last level of analysis shows that B2B services-based corporations with positive tone and higher word count exhibit higher levels of retweets. Implications include providing rational and informational tweets to increase engagement and highlight societal relevance.Originality/valueClimate change has negative consequences on human and physical capital, and ecosystems across the globe. This study provides specific recommendations for how services corporations can increase their sustainable communications and actions.Practical implicationsThe key implication of our research is that corporations must strategically design social media narratives about climate change as part of their online branding and communications process.
Contrasting effects of sheep and cattle grazing on foliar fungal diseases by changing plant community characteristics
Authors: Li Tianyun , Allan Eric , Yang Sihan , Liu Yiming , Inbar Moshe , Wang Deli , Zhong Zhiwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Pathogens are ubiquitous in ecosystems and play a key role in affecting host community structure. In grasslands, large grazing animals such as cattle and sheep have been shown to affect foliar fungal pathogens. However, theory and empirical studies have come to conflicting conclusions because grazers can directly and indirectly impact pathogens through a wide variety of mechanisms and various grazers may impact pathogens in different ways. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which grazers impact pathogens is important for a fundamental understanding of herbivore pathogen interactions and also to optimise grazing managements to reduce pathogen outbreaks.

Here, we investigate multiple mechanisms by which livestock grazing impacts foliar fungal pathogens in grasslands. We integrate a large‐scale grazing experiment, with a removal experiment manipulating plant density and litter biomass, to identify direct and indirect effects of two herbivores on pathogens with different life histories (biotrophs and necrotrophs), in a temperate grassland in northeast China.

We found that grazing by cattle and sheep had contrasting impacts: cattle grazing significantly reduced pathogen load, of both biotrophs and necrotrophs, whereas sheep grazing increased biotrophic pathogen load, but did not affect the necrotrophs. The grazing effects were mostly indirect and mediated by different impacts of the herbivores on plant community structure. Cattle grazing reduced pathogen load because it reduced the abundance of susceptible, fast‐growing plants, and the overall density of plants, while sheep grazing increased pathogen infection because it reduced the abundance of resistant plant species. Plant diversity also reduced pathogen infection but these effects were independent of the herbivores.

Our results show that different herbivores can have contrasting impacts on pathogen infection through contrasting impacts on host community competence. This suggests the importance of considering multiple mechanisms simultaneously to evaluate the impact of herbivores on host‐pathogen interactions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Seed mix design and floral resources drive multitrophic interactions in prairie restoration
Authors: Hulting Katherine A. , Kemmerling Lindsey R. , Griffin Sean R. , Webb Jessica , Brown Ally K. , Haddad Nick M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Ecological restoration often targets plant community recovery, but restoration success may depend on the recovery of a complex web of biotic interactions to maintain biodiversity and promote ecosystem services. Specifically, management that drives resource availability, such as seeding richness and provenance, may alter species interactions across multiple trophic levels. Using experimentally seeded prairies, we examine three key groups—plants, pollinators and goldenrod crab spiders (Misumena vatia, predators of pollinators)—to understand the effects of species richness and admixture seed sourcing of restoration seed mixtures on multitrophic interactions.

Working with prairie plants, we experimentally manipulated seed mix richness and the number of seed source regions (single‐source region or admixture seed sourcing). In each experimental prairie, we surveyed floral abundance and richness, pollinator visitation and plant–M. vatia interactions.

A high richness seed mix increased floral abundance when seeds were sourced from a single geographic region, and floral abundance strongly increased pollinator visitation, M. vatia abundance and prey capture. Seeding richness and admixture seed sourcing of the seed mixture did not affect floral species richness, but floral species richness increased pollinator visitation.

Pollinators interacted with different floral communities across seeding treatments, indicating a shift in visited floral species with restoration practices.

Synthesis and applications. Long‐term success in prairie restoration requires the restoration of plant–arthropod interactions. We provide evidence that seed mix richness and admixture seed sourcing affect arthropod floral associations, but effective restoration of plant–arthropod interactions should consider total floral resource availability. Incorporating a food web perspective in restoration will strengthen approaches to whole ecosystem restoration.
Challenges in creating humane and equitable policing: A focus on the Global South
Authors: Magaloni Beatriz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryPolice brutality is a widespread phenomenon around the world. Particularly gruesome human rights abuses in the course of policing take place in Latin America, the world's most violent region outside war zones. Democratic institutions such as competitive elections, checks and balances, and judicial independence are insufficient to prevent police from abusing their power. What factors explain that police engage in abusive behaviors, including illegal arrest, the fabrication of evidence, the use of torture to extract confessions, and the excessive use of force causing injury or death? How can societies restrain these abusive behaviors and subject police to the rule of law? Police behavior is shaped by a combination of institutional, societal, political, organizational, and individual factors. Inquisitorial criminal justice institutions, inherited from the colonial past, have persisted in Latin America until very recently. This meant that democracies in the region were born with weak due process protections that have enabled state authorities and police to abuse their coercive powers as they investigate and prosecute crimes. Police brutality is further the product of security policies. High crime rates and the presence of highly organized criminal groups have pushed many Latin American governments to adopt militarized security interventions ‐including deploying the armed forces to control crime and militarizing police forces. Populist demands for harsh policies, moreover, generate incentives for politicians to adopt security strategies that violate human rights and which, in the long run, increase violence in society. The most affected groups are the poor, people of color, and those living in impoverished minoritized communities.Policy ImplicationsIt is essential to strengthen due process protections and judicial oversight over police to reduce torture and other forms of police brutality. Police demilitarization and, under some conditions, community‐oriented policing approaches can sharply reduce the use of excessive force causing injury or death. Body‐worn cameras (BWC), moreover, can effectively be used to reduce police abusive behavior —and violence against police officers — even in high violence situations and where toxic police‐community relations prevail. One limitation of this technology is that it gives too much leeway to frontline officers to turn their cameras on. Poor supervision can further undermine police compliance with camera protocols. These problems can be overcome by assigning cameras to supervisors and using more advanced technologies that allow turning cameras on from the main station. Monetary incentives that reward police officers “to kill less” is another effective policy intervention to reduce police violence causing injury or death.
Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in Asherman syndrome
Authors: Deans Rebecca , Moses Daniel , Sach Toos Anthony , Vancaillie Thierry , Ledger Bill , Abbott Jason A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular scarring compromises the functionality of the endometrium, and vascular flow at the junctional zone (JZ) may be the key to understanding poor reproductive outcomes in women with Asherman syndrome (AS).AimsTo investigate whether vascular perfusion of the uterus, measured by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) is impaired in women with intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and AS.Materials and MethodsA prospective observational cohort pilot study of 23 women with IUA treated with hysteroscopic synecholysis and a control group of two patients with cervix cancer were subject to DCE‐MRI with gadolinium to assess uterine vascularity. Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) were allocated on the DCE‐MRI image incorporating the JZ, with control ROI placed at the psoas muscle. Individual ROIs were compared to the mean total perfusion (TP) in the same uterus. Pre‐ and post‐operative perfusion analyses were performed on five women. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were used to analyse MRI as a predictor of IUA.ResultsThere was no significant difference in perfusion; a trend toward reduced perfusion was observed in women with IUA compared to the controls. The ROC was predictive of higher‐grade and inoperable IUA.ConclusionsReduced perfusion on DCE‐MRI as assessed by ROC predicted higher‐stage AS. The results of this study support further investigation of DCE‐MRI as a prognostic tool for AS prior to surgical intervention to assist in providing prognostic guidance for women suffering from AS.
Coronary artery bypass grafting in octogenarians: an Australian experience
Authors: Bibo Liam , Goldblatt Joshua , Cohen Ryan , Merry Chris , Larbalestier Robert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to describe early and mid‐term morbidity and mortality in octogenarian patients undergoing CABG, to determine if outcomes are comparable to younger patients undergoing the same procedure.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the first 901 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a large newly established tertiary hospital in Western Australia from February 2015 to September 2019. Inclusion criteria involved all patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Exclusion criteria included patients who underwent concomitant valve or aortic procedure.ResultsFrom a cohort of 901 patients, 37 octogenarian patients underwent CABG. Octogenarian patients had a higher rate of post‐operative transfusion 35.1% versus 21.4% (P = 0.048), a higher rate of post‐op acute kidney injury 40.5% versus 17.2% (P < 0.0001), a higher rate of post‐operative atrial arrythmia requiring treatment 40.5% versus 22.5% (P = 0.011) and higher rate of return to theatre (13.5% versus 4.7%, P = 0.018), with bleeding/tamponade being the most likely reason (10.8% versus 2.7%). Octogenarian patients had a longer post‐operative length of stay (LOS) with a median LOS of 10 versus 7 days (P < 0.0001). There was no increase in hospital readmission rate, in‐hospital mortality or 1 year mortality in octogenarian patients. 24‐month and 36‐month survivals were 95.2% and 89.6% in octogenarians and 95.3% and 91.5% in the younger group.ConclusionsDespite an increase in post‐operative morbidity and LOS, there was no difference in hospital readmission, in‐hospital mortality or 1 year mortality in octogenarian patients who underwent CABG. CABG is safe and remains an important management option for these patients.