bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myo-inositol versus metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Le Nguyen Sa Viet , Le Minh Tam , Cao Thanh Ngoc 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics, and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women from Vietnam.

Methods:
From June 2018 to August 2022, a randomized trial was undertaken at the Hue Center for Endocrinology and Reproduction on infertile women aged 18 to 40 years with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The clinical, endocrine, and metabolic features of these individuals were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment with 2 g of inositol or 1700 mg of metformin per day. Natural pregnancy rates, adverse effects, and tolerance of inositol were recorded.

Results:
The study included 171 infertile PCOS women who were eligible to participate and took part in the baseline assessment, of whom 132 women participated in data analysis after 3 months. After metformin treatment, 42.1% of women with oligomenorrhea experienced regular menstruation. Metformin significantly lowered body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and testosterone levels, but had no effect on other clinical characteristics, endocrine profiles, or metabolic profiles. 29.2% Of women reported experiencing side effects. 21% Of them attained pregnancy, which resulted in 17.1% of live births. In the inositol group, the rate of regular cycle increased by 18.2% and the total testosterone concentration significantly decreased. In overweight/obese women with PCOS, inositol significantly decreased weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences (P<0.05). 100% Of women tolerated inositol and continued treatment. 18.9% Of them became pregnant, leading to 17% of live births.

Conclusions:
Metformin and inositol can improve weight and waist circumference in overweight/obese infertile women with PCOS. Metformin is associated with a higher rate of regular menstruation, whereas inositol is associated with a lower rate of adverse effects. The spontaneous conception, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates between two groups are comparable.
Expression of VEGF165 and VEGF165b during ovarian follicular development
Authors: Changsangfa Chinnarat , Turathum Bongkoch , Sroyraya Morakot , Grataitong Khwanthana 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165a, VEGF165b, and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in the development of bovine follicles.

Methods:
We cultured follicular cells that were collected from small, medium, and large sized bovine follicles with estrogen and measured the expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and VEGF165b by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.

Results:
The expression of VEGF165 increased in all follicle sizes and the expression of VEGF165b was increased in the small and large follicles after culturing in an estrogen containing medium. The expression of VEGFR2 was increased in the medium and large follicles after culturing with estrogen for 96 h. VEGF165 was activated at 100 ng/mL estrogen in the large follicles for 96 h. In addition, VEGFR2 was upregulated in the medium and large follicles after treated with 100 ng/mL estrogen for 96 h.

Conclusions:
This evidence suggests that the expression of VEGF165 and VEGFR is associated with estrogen stimulation during the development of bovine follicles and in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This reveals an advantage during oocyte maturation in vitro.
Study of Face Mask-associated Dry Eye among Medical Students
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Bansal Aditi , Aggarwal Anupriya , Singla Ritesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate face mask-associated factors causing dry eye among medical students.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on undergraduate medical and dental students, of all phases, while they were attending offline classes and were required to wear face masks in accordance with the government regulations. Sociodemographic data, ocular and medical history, face mask-wearing practices, screen usage, and quantification of symptoms using the modified Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were collected. Objective tests were conducted in students having dry eye. The association of quantitative variables was done using ANOVA, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis test, whereas the Chi-square test was done for qualitative variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for varying severity of dry eye.

Results:
The mean age of the 410 students was 21 ± 1.6 years. According to the OSDI, 39.51% (162/410) of students had dry eyes, 23.41% (96/410) had mild dry eye, 8.78% (36/410) had moderate dry eye, and 7.32% (30/410) had severe dry eye. Face mask-associated factors which were significantly linked to dry eye were N95 masks, loose-fit masks, and 6–8 h of continuous mask use. The Schirmer’s test and tear film break-up time were performed on 29 and 20 students, respectively, mean values being 19.25 ± 5.29 mm and 10.15 ± 1.41 s for nonsevere and 6.53 ± 1.55 mm and 5.3 ± 0.98 s for severe dry eye, respectively.

Conclusion:
It is important to educate medical students and create awareness regarding “face mask-appropriate behavior” to reduce the chances of dry eye secondary to face masks use.
The effect of the social support perceived by the women receiving chemotherapy on functional and psychosocial conditions: A cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study
Authors: Ataman Hacer , Tuna Rujnan 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Today, cancer is one of the most important health problems with fatal results. Individuals with cancer have to cope with many functional and psychosocial problems in the course of the disease besides physical impairments. The effect of social support of women receiving chemotherapy on their functional and psychosocial conditions was determined.

Methods:
This study had a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational design. The study was conducted with 330 women patients in a state hospital located in Istanbul, Turkey, which has an outpatient chemotherapy unit and is one of the hospitals where outpatient chemotherapy is applied most.

Results:
In the study, it was determined that there was a very high positive correlation between the social support perceived by the women with cancer and self-esteem and a very high negative correlation of self-esteem with fatigue and depression (P < 0.001). In contrast, there was a very high negative correlation between social support and self-esteem with many of the functional symptoms and a very high positive correlation between social support and self-esteem with fatigue and depression (P < 0.001). Education, number of children, economic situation, family structure, self-esteem, fatigue, and depression variables explained 33% of cancer patients’ social support.

Conclusion:
The management of the functional and psychosocial symptoms of women with cancer is closely related to the perceived social support. In the management of the functional and psychosocial symptoms of women with cancer, it is important to provide and maintain psychological support by involving the patients’ families in the treatment process.
Reconstruction of Partial Glossectomy Defects in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Tongue: A Prospective Clinical Study on the Assessment and Comparison of Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes of Islanded Nasolabial Flap Tunneled Under the Mandible and Radial Forearm Free Flap
Authors: Kangloo Shubhanshi , Bhola Nitin , Agarwal Anchal , Chakraborty Raj Kumar , Mishra Priyatam , Pillai Saurabh 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Reconstruction of the glossectomy defect following surgery plays a pivotal role in a patient’s quality of life. Reconstruction of surgical defects following glossectomy has evolved greatly from locoregional flaps such as nasolabial, submental, infrahyoid, and pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps to microvascular free flaps (radial forearm free flap [RAFF], anterolateral thigh flap). Due to certain drawbacks, microvascular-free flaps are avoided; instead, local/regional flaps are preferred. Islanded Nasolabial Flap Tunneled Under the Mandible (INFTUM) is a modification of the conventional nasolabial flap based on the facial artery. The flap is raised by dissecting to a certain length to adequately reach a significant distance for reconstruction of the glossectomy defects of mild-to-moderate size. This flap provides adequate bulk and pliable tissue to the remaining tongue, which aids in better functional outcomes.

Aim:
The aim is to assess and compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of INFTUM and RAFF for the reconstruction of partial glossectomy defects in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted on 20 patients equally divided into two groups, Group A – Islanded Nasolabial Flap Tunnelled Under the Mandible and Group B – RAFF conducted in SGM Cancer Hospital, Sawangi. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t-test and Chi-square test where values less than P = 0.05 were found significant.

Results:
INFTUM flap displayed better intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, especially functional outcomes, in shorter duration as it is locally available with minimum cosmetic deformity to the donor site. In this study, the flap is done in a single stage by tunneling under the mandible. It has a good reach to any aspect of the oral cavity, including the contralateral side, if ipsilateral level Ib nodes are compromised.

Conclusion:
INFTUM is a simple, effective, and safe flap that can be used for the reconstruction of T2-T3 lesions or partial glossectomy defects. It provides better intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and comparable functional outcomes to RAFF, especially when patients have anesthesia risk for prolonged surgical procedures in a limited-resource setting. Furthermore, it has comparatively less postoperative complications as it has less learning curve.
Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap in Head-and-neck Reconstruction: Our Experience
Authors: Thaduri Abhinav , Jat Bhinyaram , Kumar Amit , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Singh Abhijeet , Kailey Vikramjit Singh , Maharaj Dileep Dungala , Usmani Shahab , Gupta Kartikesh 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Reconstruction of head-and-neck cancer defects is a challenging task, keeping in mind the complexity of the defects. Locoregional pedicle flap reconstruction is not an inferior option. The supraclavicular flap gained popularity in 1997 to reconstruct mentosternal contractures in postburn patients. This is a perforator-based pedicled, axial, and fasciocutaneous flap based on the supraclavicular artery. This study aims to examine a series of cases with pedicled supraclavicular flap reconstruction in head-and-neck cancers.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective review of patient data from our institution from 2018 to 2020. A total of seven patients were included who underwent surgical resection for various head-and-neck cancers. Surgical defects were reconstructed with a supraclavicular islanded fasciocutaneous flap.

Results:
All patients underwent wide excision of the tumor following oncological principles, and four out of seven patients received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Two patients with parotid tumors underwent facial skin excision along with total parotidectomy. Both cases were recurrent. One patient had partial necrosis of the distal part of the flap. Two patients required split-thickness skin graft for the closure of the donor site.

Conclusion:
Supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) is one of the good reconstructive options for midline neck defects, simple oral cavity defects, and cheek skin defects. It is an excellent alternative to free tissue transfer with limited donor-site morbidity. Careful selection of patients is key to successful reconstruction using a SCAIF in the head-and-neck region.
Thyroid Papillary Microcarcinoma - Carcinoma with Clinically Benign Behaviour
Authors: Singhavi Hitesh R , Mair Manish , Qayyumi Burhanuddin , Singh Arjun , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The availability of sensitive diagnostic procedures has led to an increased incidence of micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (mPTC) globally. Moreover, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of these cancers from total thyroidectomy to lobectomy to active surveillance.

Methodology:
To identify manuscripts with latent mPTCs, the database was searched and relevant articles were included in the manuscript. We have looked at the probable incidence of mPTC based on the autopsy report and World Bank population. Furthermore, the clinical behavior of mPTC is elaborated with its psychological and financial impact on the patients.

Results:
Based on the published autopsy reports, we estimated that around 8.7 million people would suffer from thyroid papillary microcarcinoma in 2018. This hypothetical number will easily outnumber the required number of thyroid surgeons to operate these cases. This will cause significant psychological distress to the patient by the word “cancer.” In addition, the incidence of bankruptcy is also higher in these patients as they live longer.

Conclusion:
We postulate that labeling thyroid papillary microcarcinoma as “Carcinoma with clinically benign behavior” might reduce the associated psychological distress as well as financial burden.
Comparative Estimation of C-terminal Cross-linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Ningombam Anushree , Dhalla Nipun , Palwankar Pooja , Goyal Anjana , Pandey Ruchi 
Published: December 2023

Aim:
To estimate C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTx) levels in GCF, using ELISA in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 42 patients were recruited: 21 type II diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group A) and 21 nondiabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group B). Scaling and root planing (SRP) were done in groups, followed by collection of GCF samples and recording of clinical variables. Measurements for clinical indicators of periodontal health were taken on 0 day (baseline), first and after third month. The Ctx level of GCF was taken at baseline and after 3 months using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GPower software (version 3.0) was used. Paired t tests and Student's t tests as well as parametric tests were used to analyze the results. The threshold for significance was fixed at P < 0.05.

Result:
Following SRP, there was a significant reduction in Ctx levelsand an improvement in clinical parameters in both groups. There is a negative correlation uniting CTx quantity with an improvement in periodontal conditions in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Conclusion:
CTx levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic candidates with chronic periodontitis infection were reduced after nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Pre and Postmenopausal Women with Periodontitis
Authors: Mayta-Tovalino Frank , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. 
Published: December 2023

Aim:
The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a systematic search of five databases until May 2022 with no language or date restrictions. We included experimental or quasi-experimental clinical studies in pre- or postmenopausal female patients (≥40 years). We considered NSPT as scaling and root planning (SRP). The primary outcomes were: periodontal index (PRI) by Russell, plaque index (PI) by Löe and Silness or O'Leary and adverse events. A secondary outcome was a change in the bone mineral densitometry T-score.

Results:
We included three studies but did not meta-analyze the studies due to high heterogeneity. Two studies were pre–post trials, and one was a nonrandomized controlled trial. One trial included both pre- and postmenopausal women and two studies only evaluated postmenopausal women. The studies that compared the effect of SRP in pre- and postmenopausal women found a statistically significant reduction in PRI and PI according to Löe and Silness, and O'Leary. Another study found that SRP plus vitamin D and calcium supplementation decreased PI values. No study reported adverse events. The nonrandomized controlled trial reported a high risk of bias, and the two quasi-experimental studies showed high quality.

Conclusion:
All the studies included in the analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) in both pre- and postmenopausal patients with periodontitis. However, future studies with higher methodological quality and larger sample sizes are necessary.
Safety of E-Cigarettes and its Effectiveness in Smoking Cessation
Authors: Shete Anagha V. , Hajarnavis Arti M. , Shete Mrinal V. , Nerkar-Rajbhoj Ashwini A. , Sande Abhijeet , Channe Pallavi P. 
Published: December 2023

Aim:
Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, the main goal of our study is to analyze the safety of e-cigarettes and their relationship to quitting smoking.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2011 to December 2022, a thorough search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was carried out. Using PRISMA criteria, we evaluated 25 review papers, three randomized controlled trials, and three cross-sectional studies in this review, which analyzed 12,210 study participants. Although language did not restrict search results, all discovered studies were in English. The threat of bias and level of evidence were determined for each selected study.

Results:
Our systematic review showed a bigger rate of smoking cessation, i.e., 20%, with the use of E-cigarettes, suggestive of their contribution to smoking cessation. We found a correlation between cessation of smoking and E-cigarettes with nicotine, which suggests that they may prove as an effective alternative smoking cessation aid. The count of cigarettes used per day is lessened, so they may be used to reduce the harm caused by tobacco.

Conclusion:
Although not formally monitored, E-cigarettes can help smokers unable or unwilling to quit to remain abstinent or reduce their cigarette consumption. The toxic substances and chemicals within E-cigarettes are not clearly labeled, and hence, their safety is not guaranteed.
Palatogingival Groove
Authors: Demore Fernanda Paludo , Cecília Mauricio Santa , Souza Alessandra Areas , Zuza Elizangela Partata 
Published: December 2023

Aim:
Palatogingival groove (PGG) is a morphological defect that usually affects maxillary incisors and may be related to periodontal and endodontic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical implications of the PGG in a Brazilian population.

Materials and Methods:
A convenience sample with 169 consecutive participants was evaluated in a cross-sectional study from September 2021 to May 2022. Upper anterior teeth were evaluated by a single examiner considering the presence of PGG, its characteristics and the presence of caries, periodontal and endodontic disease. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied and P value was set at 5%.

Results:
PGG prevalence was 21.67% in individuals and 5.9% in teeth. A logistic regression did not reveal significant differences between sex [female: odds radio (OR) 1 and male: OR 0.53] and race (white: OR 1; black: OR 0.81; brown: OR 0.70). The highest prevalence was found in the upper lateral incisors (68.6%), in the cingulum (80.39%), with greater occurrence in the mid-palatal face of the tooth (39.21%). A high prevalence of bleeding on probing (83.8%) and caries (37.8%) was found in teeth with PGG, but no pulp alterations were found.

Conclusions:
PGG prevalence is high when the number of individuals is considered, and the tooth more frequently affected by PGG is the upper lateral incisor, with greater occurrence in the mid-palatal and cingulum face. In addition to incisors, canines also can be affected by PGG. Teeth with PGG may present high rates of biofilm accumulation, periodontal inflammation, and caries.
Herbal Combination ‘HAGE-101912’ Ameliorates Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Rats
Authors: Azeemuddin Mohammed M , Narendra Madan M. , Mallappa Onkaramurthy , Anturlikar Suryakanth D. , Baig Mirza R. , Rafiq Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder. In this era of modern and fast-track lifestyle and food habits, the incidence of GERD is rapidly increasing. Currently, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary choice of treatment. However, the associated side effects and a high relapse rate give rise to the need to explore alternative therapies.

Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate HAGE-101912, an herbal combination, in different experimental models of GERD.

Methods:
Antacid activity was assessed based on H+/K+ATPase inhibitory activity of parietal cells using artificial gastric juice. Tonic contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was evaluated using an AD Instrument. A GERD model of the pylorus and fundus ligation (preventive and curative models) in rats was selected to assess the efficacy of HAGE-101912 at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, and various parameters such as the gastric pH, gastric volume, total acidity, gross esophageal ulcer index, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The prokinetic activity was assessed using the phenol red method.

Results:
HAGE-101912 increased the acid-neutralizing capacity (P < 0.001), decreased H+/K+ATPase activity (P < 0.01), and increased the contraction of the LES. In the preventive model, HAGE-101912 significantly reduced the gastric acid volume (P < 0.01), total acidity (P < 0.001), and gross esophageal ulcer index (P < 0.01); increased the gastric acid pH (P < 0.01); and protected the esophageal epithelium. In addition, HAGE-101912 increased gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit through its prokinetic activity (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
HAGE-101912 has a beneficial effect in GERD as it effectively inhibits the H+/K+ATPase, increases the gastric pH, restores the LES function, protects the esophageal epithelium, and increases gastric emptying and transit.