bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Sputtered Ultralow‐Loss Silicon Nitride for Hybrid Photonic Integration
Authors: Zhang Shuangyou , Bi Toby , Harder Irina , Ohletz Olga , Gannott Florentina , Gumann Alexander , Butzen Eduard , Zhang Yaojing , Del'Haye Pascal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSilicon‐nitride‐on‐insulator (Si3N4) photonic circuits have seen tremendous advances in many applications, such as on‐chip frequency combs, Lidar, telecommunications, and spectroscopy. So far, the best film quality has been achieved with low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and high‐temperature annealing (1200°C). However, high processing temperatures pose challenges to the cointegration of Si3N4with pre‐processed silicon electronic and photonic devices, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), and Ge‐on‐Si photodiodes. This limits LPCVD as a front‐end‐of‐line process. Here, ultralow‐loss Si3N4 photonics based on room‐temperature reactive sputtering is demonstrated. Propagation losses as low as 5.4 dB m−1after 400°C annealing and 3.5 dB m−1after 800°C annealing are achieved, enabling ring resonators with highest optical quality factors of > 10 million and an average quality factor of 7.5 million. To the best of the knowledge, these are the lowest propagation losses achieved with low temperature Si3N4. This ultralow loss enables the generation of microresonator soliton frequency combs with threshold powers of 1.1 mW. The introduced sputtering process offers full complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility with front‐end silicon electronics and photonics. This could enable hybrid 3D integration of low loss waveguides with integrated lasers and lithium niobate on insulator.
Self‐Assembled Multistable Scattering Mode for Versatile Energy‐Saving Smart Windows
Authors: Selvaraj Pravinraj , Cheng Wen‐Fa , Kuo Hsiu‐Ming , Liu Cheng‐Kai , Wu Chao‐Hsuan , Lai Chung Kung , Lai Jyun‐Cong , Fang Jie Sharon Tan , Cheng Ko‐Ting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSmart windows are crucial to dynamic control over light transmission to fulfill various demands in energy saving, privacy, and information display; however, most present technologies still perform a single function (often tint or haze adjustment) and require continuous electricity for operation. In this study, novel self‐assembled ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) doped with negative cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) to offer electrically switchable and stable scattering‐mode light modulators are presented. The novel smectic A phase based on the ILCs exhibits high solubility in the adopted nematics, enhancing the LC device's performance in several ways, including improved homogeneity, stable alignment quality, prolonged stability, and simplified fabrication. The LC device can potentially offer a dynamically rapid switching function between stable transparent (imperfect fingerprint textures) states and stable scattering (focal conic textures with small domains) states by using external stimuli and highly maintained multistable states for prolonged periods, even when the external stimuli are removed. The LC device also offers polarization‐independent scattering and transparent‐mode LC light modulators, low operating voltage, excellent contrast, and broad viewing angles. Its versatility and outstanding field‐off stability make it ideal for various applications such as smart lighting, building climate control, energy‐saving displays, and augmented reality (AR) glasses.
A color correction method to minimize lateral chromatic aberration in spherical lens stacks
Authors: Goh Kee S. , Yeap Kim H. , Dakulagi Veerendra , Teh Peh C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite its propensity in experiencing chromatic aberration, spherical lenses have been popularly used in imaging lens systems. To ameliorate its performance, we propose a novel method to alleviate the level of chromatic aberration in spherical lenses. In our method, a predefined correction factor is generated from the design simulation, and it is then used to correct the lateral chromatic aberrations of the primary colors. By applying the proposed method to a spherical lens stack, the optical performance of the lens stack has achieved significant improvement. In our analysis, we demonstrate that the image quality achieved from a spherical lens stack can be comparable, if not better than that from an aspheric lens stack. It is worthwhile noting that this correction method can be achieved without the need to go through the tedious long process of post‐image analysis and calibration.
Non‐electrocardiogram‐gated, free‐breathing, off‐resonance reduced, high‐resolution, whole‐heart myocardial T2* mapping at 3 T within 5 min
Authors: Guan Xingmin , Yang Hsin‐Jung , Zhang Xinheng , Wang Nan , Han Hui , Tang Richard , Hu Zhehao , Youssef Khalid , Vora Keyur , Krishnam Mayil S. , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Li Debiao , Sharif Behzad , Dharmakumar Rohan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeWidely used conventional 2D T2* approaches that are based on breath‐held, electrocardiogram (ECG)–gated, multi‐gradient‐echo sequences are prone to motion artifacts in the presence of incomplete breath holding or arrhythmias, which is common in cardiac patients. To address these limitations, a 3D, non‐ECG‐gated, free‐breathing T2* technique that enables rapid whole‐heart coverage was developed and validated.MethodsA continuous random Gaussian 3D k‐space sampling was implemented using a low‐rank tensor framework for motion‐resolved 3D T2* imaging. This approach was tested in healthy human volunteers and in swine before and after intravenous administration of ferumoxytol.ResultsSpatial‐resolution matched T2* images were acquired with 2–3‐fold reduction in scan time using the proposed T2* mapping approach relative to conventional T2* mapping. Compared with the conventional approach, T2* images acquired with the proposed method demonstrated reduced off‐resonance and flow artifacts, leading to higher image quality and lower coefficient of variation in T2*‐weighted images of the myocardium of swine and humans. Mean myocardial T2* values determined using the proposed and conventional approaches were highly correlated and showed minimal bias.ConclusionThe proposed non‐ECG‐gated, free‐breathing, 3D T2* imaging approach can be performed within 5 min or less. It can overcome critical image artifacts from undesirable cardiac and respiratory motion and bulk off‐resonance shifts at the heart–lung interface. The proposed approach is expected to facilitate faster and improved cardiac T2* mapping in those with limited breath‐holding capacity or arrhythmias.
Evaluation of different screening tools as the first step of the GLIM framework: A cross‐sectional study of Chinese cancer patients in an outpatient setting
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Liu Ziqi , Zhang Hong , Wang Yunyi , Chen Xiaoyan , Lu Wenqi , Fang Yu , Peng Zhi , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmbulatory cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition. Multiple nutrition screening and assessment tools are used in the outpatient setting. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different nutrition screening tools as the first step of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) framework in Chinese ambulatory cancer patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China. Malnutrition diagnoses made by the GLIM framework using Malnutrition Screening Tool, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, or short‐form of Patient‐Gernerated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) as the first step were compared with PG‐SGA separately.ResultsOf the 562 included patients, 31.0% were diagnosed with malnutrition (PG‐SGA: B + C), and 12.6% were diagnosed with severe malnutrition (PG‐SGA: C). As the screening tool in the first step of the GLIM framework, the short form of PG‐SGA (PG‐SGA SF) with a cutoff value of ≥2 performed best in diagnosing malnutrition, with good sensitivity (SE) (80.5% [73.6–85.9]) and specificity (SP) (98.4% [96.5–99.4]) and substantial accordance (κ = 0.826), whereas PG‐SGA SF with a cutoff value of ≥4 performed best in diagnosing severe malnutrition, with fair SE (62.0% [49.6–73.0]), good SP (96.7% [94.6–98.1]) and moderate accordance (κ = 0.629).ConclusionUsing PG‐SGA as the standard, the GLIM framework using PG‐SGA SF as the screening tool has good accordance with the PG‐SGA regardless of severity grading. PG‐SGA SF can be used as a valid screening tool in the GLIM framework.
Human burials during the hunter‐gathering/farming transition in Ojo de Agua, Northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Peralta Eva A. , Luna Leandro H. , Gil Adolfo F. , Aranda Claudia , Neme Gustavo A. , Salgán M. Laura , Colombo Fernando , Delgado Jorge Zárate , Tucker Hugo , Aguirre Valeria , Díaz Karina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the implications of the conformation of formal burial areas in the southernmost limit of agricultural dispersion in South America. Previous research proposed the development of cemeteries or formal burial areas due to specialization in using specific habitats and the development of territorial ownership. From a paleoecological background, we hypothesize that hunter‐gatherers intensified resource exploitation and develop territoriality in population growth and pressure over resources. The expectation is that formal burial areas emerged in this context to legitimize the ties with the territory and ensure exclusive access to the land and its resources. To evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed a mortuary context from southern Mendoza (Central Western Argentina), named Ojo de Agua, by describing the site's characteristics, burial modality, presence of grave goods, age at death profile, and evidence of violence. This site has two main conditions for handling our hypothesis: (1) the chronology and spatial localization coincide with the temporal and geographic dispersion of pre‐Hispanic cultigens; (2) systematic procedures during fieldwork led us to access a significant amount of information not available in other mortuary contexts of the area. Our results point to Ojo de Agua as a cemetery that emerged in the frame of increasing territoriality and conflict with neighboring groups and permitted us to improve our knowledge about the dynamic relationship between human population, environment, and cultural responses in the context of intensification and contact with food production. These results deepen recent studies in the same line but with a greater resolution.
Associations between body mass index and episodic memory for recent eating, mindful eating, and cognitive distraction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hinton Elanor C. , Beesley Victoria , Leary Sam D. , Ferriday Danielle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesEating while distracted has been associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), whereas mindful eating and episodic memory for recent eating have shown the opposite pattern. This pre‐registered, global study (https://osf.io/rdjzk) compared the relative association between these variables (and four “positive controls”: restraint, disinhibition, emotional eating, plate clearing) and self‐reported BMI. The timing of data collection (April–May 2020) during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic enabled an investigation of the impact of stay‐at‐home restrictions imposed on the UK population on the measures of eating behavior.MethodsAn online survey was completed, including: (i) demographic data (e.g., self‐reported BMI), (ii) Likert ratings assessing episodic memory for recent eating, mindful eating, cognitive distraction, restrained eating, emotional eating, disinhibition and plate clearing over the last 12 months and the last 7 days (during the first UK COVID‐19 lockdown), and (iii) the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ).ResultsA large adult sample participated (N = 846; mean (SD) age = 33.0 (14.3) years; mean (SD) BMI = 24.6 (5.6) kg/m2). Mindful eating (MEQ‐total score) was associated with a lower self‐reported BMI (β = −0.12; 95% CI = −0.20, −0.04; p = 0.004), whereas disinhibited eating was associated with a higher self‐reported BMI (β = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.38; p < 0.001). In UK participants (n = 520), consistent changes in eating behavior during lockdown were not found. For those that did experience change, decreases were reported in; emotional eating, disinhibited eating, focusing on taste during a meal (a measure of mindful eating), and using a smart phone while eating.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence in a large global sample for associations between BMI and (i) mindful eating, and (ii) disinhibited eating. Future research should evaluate whether mindful eating demonstrates a prospective association with body weight and should consider mechanisms of action.
Micro‐CT and high‐field MRI for studying very early post‐mortem human fetal anatomy at 8 weeks of gestation
Authors: Lamouroux Audrey , Cardoso Maïda , Bottero Célia , Gallo Mathieu , Duraes Martha , Salerno Jennifer , Bertrand Martin , Rigau Valérie , Fuchs Florent , Mousty Eve , Genevieve David , Subsol Gérard , Goze‐Bac Christophe , Captier Guillaume 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study involved very early post‐mortem (PM) examination of human fetal anatomy at 8 weeks of gestation (WG) using whole‐body multimodal micro‐imaging: micro‐CT and high‐field MRI (HF‐MRI). We discuss the potential place of this imaging in early first‐trimester virtual autopsy.MethodsWe performed micro‐CT after different contrast‐bath protocols including diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced (dice) and HF‐MRI with a 9.4 T machine with qualitative and quantitative evaluation and obtained histological sections.ResultsNine fetuses were included: the crown–rump length was 10–24 mm and corresponded to 7 and 9 WG according to the Robinson formula. The Carnegie stages were 17–21. Dice micro‐CT and HF‐MRI presented high signal to noise ratio, >5, according to the Rose criterion, and for allowed anatomical phenotyping in these specimens. Imaging did not alter the histology, allowing immunostaining and pathological examination.ConclusionPM non‐destructive whole‐body multimodal micro‐imaging: dice micro‐CT and HF‐MRI allows for PM human fetal anatomy study as early as 8 WG. It paves the way to virtual autopsy in the very early first trimester. Obtaining a precision phenotype, even regarding miscarriage products, allows a reverse phenotyping to select variants of interest in genome‐wide analysis, offering potential genetic counseling for bereaved parents.
Study of antibacterial and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid)/hydroxyapatite biocomposite by using artificial neural network approach
Authors: Sahoo Deepti Rekha , Biswal Trinath 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel, promising biocomposite was synthesized through the free radical polymerization method using methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA), and hydroxyapatite derived from oyster shells (Os‐HA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks indicate the conjugation of Os‐HA in the biocomposite. From the TGA analysis, it was observed that a weight loss of nearly 2% is achieved at 210°C, up to 15% at 210 to 420°C, and up to 95% at 420 to 580°C. The SEM image shows the uniform dispersion of the Os‐HA particles and strong interaction with the copolymer matrix. The broad spectrum at 2θ = 14.6° in XRD analysis indicates the amorphous nature of poly(MMA‐co‐AA)/Os‐HA. The higher inhibition zone of the biocomposite is observed at 125 μL against E. coli bacteria. The maximum water absorption is observed at 15 wt% of Os‐HA. The young's modulus gradually increases, while the impact strength decreases up to 20 wt% of Os‐HA. The artificial neural network (ANN) model has been used to assess the optimum values of impact strength, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the biocomposite material. The correlation factor (R = 0.998) of the ANN model data indicates greater accuracy of the experimental result.
A crustacean neuropeptide spectral library for data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry applications
Authors: Fields Lauren , Ma Min , DeLaney Kellen , Phetsanthad Ashley , Li Lingjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeuropeptides have tremendous potential for application in modern medicine, including utility as biomarkers and therapeutics. To overcome the inherent challenges associated with neuropeptide identification and characterization, data‐independent acquisition (DIA) is a fitting mass spectrometry (MS) method of choice to achieve sensitive and accurate analysis. It is advantageous for preliminary neuropeptidomic studies to occur in less complex organisms, with crustacean models serving as a popular choice due to their relatively simple nervous system. With spectral libraries serving as a means to interpret DIA‐MS output spectra, and Cancer borealis as a model of choice for neuropeptide analysis, we performed the first spectral library mapping of crustacean neuropeptides. Leveraging pre‐existing data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) spectra, a spectral library was built using PEAKS Online. The library is comprised of 333 unique neuropeptides. The identification results obtained through the use of this spectral library were compared with those achieved through library‐free analysis of crustacean brain, pericardial organs (PO), and thoracic ganglia (TG) tissues. A statistically significant increase (Student's t‐test, P value < 0.05) in the number of identifications achieved from the TG data was observed in the spectral library results. Furthermore, in each of the tissues, a distinctly different set of identifications was found in the library search compared to the library‐free search. This work highlights the necessity for the use of spectral libraries in neuropeptide analysis, illustrating the advantage of spectral libraries for interpreting DIA spectra in a reproducible manner with greater neuropeptidomic depth.
Synchronously improved toughness and dielectric properties of cyanate ester resins via modification with biobased poly(N‐phenylmaleimide‐co‐limonene)
Authors: Shen Quanbing , Chen Yan , Wang Li , Chen Dong , Ma Yuhong , Yang Wantai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance cyanate ester (CE) resins have attracted intensive interests due to low‐k and heat resistant properties. However, the extreme high curing temperature and inherent brittleness severely limit their practical application. Herein, novel biobased poly(N‐phenylmaleimide‐co‐limonene) (PML) microspheres were specially designed and synthesized by self‐stabilized precipitation polymerization, which could simultaneously serve as effective curing agents and toughening modifiers for 2,2‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl) propane (BADCy). The high density of unreacted endocyclic vinyl groups in PML could effectively react with BADCy, leading to lower curing temperature and good interfacial compatibility. Benefitting from both the weakly polarizable flexible chains and the highly crosslinked semi‐interpenetrating network formed during the curing process, BADCy/PML resins exhibited highly enhanced toughness and reduced dielectric constant (ε). Specifically, the BADCy/PML resins showed minimum values of ε and dielectric loss of 2.61 and 0.0032 at 106 Hz, much lower than BADCy resins (2.88, 0.0052). More importantly, a maximum impact strength of 15.6 kJ/m2 was achieved at 10 wt% loading of PML, which was 86% higher than BADCy resin. In summary, this work developed a novel strategy to simultaneously improve toughness and dielectric properties of CE resins using bio‐based PML copolymer, which have great potential in the fields of electronics and information technology.
ZnO surface modification with maleic anhydride using plasma treatment
Authors: Klok Larissa A. , Steffen Teresa T. , Sabedra Henrique R. , Fontana Luis C. , Hammer Peter , Marega Felippe M. , Costa Lidiane C. , Pessan Luiz A. , Becker Daniela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) was surface treated using argon plasma at 5 and 15 min, using maleic anhydride (MA) in solid state as the functionalizing agent. The samples were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that ZnO surface modification occurs through two main routes: the decomposition of MA and the plasma‐induced formation of C–Zn bonds, with 15 min being the most favorable time span. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ZnO were processed in an internal chamber mixer, which was coupled with a torque rheometer and characterized by the Melt Flow Index. Composites containing treated ZnO present fluidity indices closer to those of pure PLA, indicating the functionalization contribution to control the degradation of the polymer matrix.
A failure of double hybrid density functional method: Out‐of‐plane bending vibrations for the carbon‐carbon double‐bonded molecules
Authors: Ravichandran Lalitha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we report anomalous descriptions of bending modes of the carbon–carbon double bonded molecules with double hybrid density functional theories. The harmonic frequencies of the out‐of‐plane modes are found to be extremely low, and the anharmonicities are found to be very large. The unphysical large anharmonities of these modes increase significantly with a basis set having diffuse function. Increasing basis set size does not necessarily reduce or eliminate the problem. We observe that the problem with the double hybrid functional is in‐built due to the presence of the part of the second‐order perturbation terms in the functional.
Comparative analysis of modified reverse degree topological indices for certain carbon nanosheets using entropy measures and multi criteria decision‐making analysis
Authors: Abul Kalaam A. R. , Berin Greeni A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe diverse applications of various carbon nanostructures have sparked significant research interest. The potential significance of carbon nanosheets lies in their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, enabling advancements in various technological applications such as energy storage, electronics, and engineering, playing important roles in material science and nanotechnology. In the field of mathematical chemistry, topological indices play a crucial role by providing numerical insights into molecular structures. These insights facilitate predictive correlations with chemical properties and reactivity, ultimately finding utility in areas like drug design and material sciences. Expanding on this, the study delves into the application of entropy‐based methodologies that originates from the arrangement of chemical structures. By assessing the complexity and other features of these structures, graph entropies are translated into information‐theoretic metrics. This article examines modified reverse degree‐based topological indices with its universal applicability to all degree‐based indices. The standout feature is the adaptable parameter “” effectively shaping the molecular graphs degree sequence to best fit each dataset with their unique physicochemical properties, distinguishing it from conventional fixed degree methodologies. Additionally, we investigate graph entropies and examine the impact of varying the parameter “” on entropy measures across a range of nanosheet structures. The research focuses on characterizing carbon nanosheets, employing effective (MCDM) multiple criteria decision‐making methods like VIKOR, TOPSIS, and SAW. Through these techniques, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the nanosheets is conducted with the aim of establishing optimized rankings for each type based on their unique attributes and characteristics.