bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual planning, guided surgery, and digital prosthodontics in the treatment of extended mandible chondrosarcoma
Authors: Zaleckas Linas , Vitosyte Milda , Gendviliene Ieva , Sun Yi , Simonaitis Tomas , Kaupas Simonas , Rutkunas Vygandas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChondrosarcoma is among the most common primary bone tumors in adults. In the mandible, chondrosarcoma is a very uncommon malignant cartilage‐producing tumor. This case report shows how virtual planning combined with other digital technologies may improve masticatory function rehabilitation in patients with enlarged mandibular chondrosarcoma. The present study reports a case of a 52‐year‐old male patient who was initially diagnosed with a mandible chondroma, which was successfully excised with no evidence of malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the patient's symptoms recurred after 10 years, and a subsequent diagnosis of mandible chondrosarcoma was established, prompting the need for subtotal mandible resection and reconstruction with a fibula‐free flap. Following a healing period, the patient underwent dental implant surgery to restore the mandibular dental arch, which was performed utilizing computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing technology, with fully guided implant placement facilitated by virtual planning. In this case report, the implant position data merging process is described from the digital impression and control model to ensure optimal passive fit of the full‐arch zirconia prosthesis and discuss the importance of occlusal adjustments to avoid technical and biological complications. Virtual planning and digital technologies are crucial for the effective management of mandibular defects, allowing for accurate treatment and complete restoration of mandibular function. Their use leads to improved patient outcomes and quality of life. As technology advances, their importance in treating complex medical conditions is only expected to grow.
Tensile bond strength of CAD‐CAM all ceramic crowns before and after thermomechanical aging
Authors: Park Chan‐Ho , Ko Kyung‐Ho , Huh Yoon‐Hyuk , Park Chan‐Jin , Cho Lee‐Ra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin nanoceramics (RNC), zirconia, and lithium disilicate (LS2) restorations cemented to titanium abutments before and after thermomechanical aging.Materials and MethodsTwelve specimens per group were fabricated to determine the TBS between a titanium abutment and four types of crown materials (2 RNCs, LS2, and translucent zirconia crowns for the maxillary molar). After milling, the abutments and crowns were cemented with resin cement after air‐particle abrasion. In addition, thermomechanical aging (200,000 cycles, 50 N, 2 Hz) was applied to half of the specimens by using a mastication simulator. TBS was measured by using a universal testing machine. The interface between the crown and the cement was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two‐way ANOVA was performed to analyze the effects of crown materials and thermomechanical aging. Failure‐mode and interface analyses were also conducted.ResultsAfter thermomechanical aging, the TBS decreased in the LS2 specimens and increased in RNCs (p < 0.001). The ratio of mixed failure and debonding with the hole‐sealing resin increased in the RNC group. SEM images showed the reduced gap between the crown and the resin cement after thermomechanical aging in the RNC group.ConclusionsDifferences in TBS were affected by the crown materials after thermomechanical aging. After thermomechanical aging, the RNC crowns showed increased TBS, whereas LS2 and zirconia crowns exhibited decreased or similar TBS.
School climate, attitude toward school violence, and violent behaviors among high school students in Vietnam
Authors: Bui Minh Thanh , Nguyen Trang Thu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationship between Vietnamese high school students' violent behaviors and their violence exposure (observing and being victimized by school violence), and attitude, and perceived school climate. The results from 496 Vietnamese high school students show that students' acceptance of school violence and their experience of being the victim of school violence have a significant, and direct, positive effect on their violent behaviors at school. In the moderation model, when students' perception of school climate is more positive, the effect of their acceptance of violence on their violent behaviors at school reduces, implying the moderating effect of school climate. The results have practical implications for educators and policy makers to intervene school violence in Vietnam.
The double skin of the pink fairy armadillo, the peculiar integumentary system of Chlamyphorus truncatus Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra)
Authors: Krmpotic C. M. , Scarano A. C. , Andrés Laube P. F. , Ciancio M. R. , Loza C. M. , Acuña F. , Castro N. N. , Barbeito C. G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChlamyphorus truncatus is the smallest known armadillo, weighing about 100 grams and measuring less than 15 cm from head to tail. It is endemic to central Argentina and the species is named after its unique carapace. This armadillo has almost completely subterranean habits and, unlike all other subterranean mammals, C. truncatus has a carapace composed of osteoderms and cornified scales. Furthermore, the skin and carapace show unique characteristics compared even with other armadillos. Owing to the reduced development of its eyes, it is important to analyse the skin morphology of this species, as well as specialized sensory organs like vibrissae. The aim of this contribution is to describe the histomorphology of the integumentary system of C. truncatus. For this, histological sections of the skin with and without osteoderms were made, and routine histological and immunohistochemical techniques were performed. Furthermore, microCTs were performed on osteoderms to describe their micromorphology. Our results show that the integumentary system presents unique characteristics compared to other armadillos, such as the peculiar skin under the dorsal shield and the flexibility of almost all of its carapace. Furthermore, the modification of the arrangement of hairs in the first pelvic buckler osteoderms may suggest biomechanical adaptations, such as an improvement in the displacement through the tunnels of sandy soils. The skin without osteoderms presents convergent characteristics with that of other subterranean mammals. Furthermore, the vibrissae conserve the structure of the armadillos (the cavernous sinuses extend throughout the follicle‐sinus complex) with a thinning and shortening of the hairs, which are probably linked to passive monitoring of the surrounding environment. Evidently, the adaptations of subterranean mammals to their environment imply structural and functional changes, which are both regressive and progressive in nature.
Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction: How does the inability to burp affect daily life?
Authors: Chen Jason N. , Evans Jacob , Fakhreddine Aya Bou , Stroever Stephanie , Islam Ebtesam , Islam Sameer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRetrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R‐CPD), a condition first detailed in 1987 and termed in 2019, refers to the cricopharyngeal muscle's inability to relax to allow the retrograde passage of gas. Limited research exists on the fundamental characteristics of this condition, including its impact on one's life. The purpose of this study is to characterize R‐CPD and how the inability to burp affects the social lives of people who suffer from it.MethodsA Qualtrics survey was distributed on the subreddit “r/noburp,” a community of 26,000 individuals sharing information about R‐CPD. Adults aged 18–89 experiencing R‐CPD symptoms were invited to participate. Participants reported on their experiences with R‐CPD and its effects on social life on a 4‐point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Key ResultsAmong the 199 respondents, the mean age was 30.9, and gender identity was 74%/25% female/male. 99% reported inability to burp, 98% reported abdominal bloating, 93% reported socially awkward gurgling noises, 89% reported excessive flatulence, and 55% reported difficulty vomiting. Only half discussed their symptoms with their primary care provider (PCP), and 90% disagreed with receiving adequate help. Average Likert scores indicated embarrassment (3.4), anxiety/depression (3.1), negative impact on relationships (2.6), and work disruption (2.7) due to R‐CPD.Conclusions & InferencesR‐CPD is unfamiliar to many healthcare providers, leaving patients underserved. It not only affects daily life but also personal and professional relationships. Raising awareness by understanding disease basic features may increase diagnosis and treatment rates, improving quality of life.
Exploring the competitive potential of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum and Ralstonia solanacearum: Insights from a comparative adaptability study
Authors: Silva Pedro H. R. , Johnson‐Silva William , Albuquerque Greecy M. R. , Oliveira Victória L. B. , Santos Leandro V. S. , Gonçalves Marcelo H. O. , Gama Marco A. S. , Souza Elineide B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Rpsol) and R. solanacearum (Rsol), poses a significant challenge to solanaceous plant cultivation worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Even though Brazil is recognized as one of the centres of origin and diversity of Rsol, in certain regions of this large country there is an emerging prevalence of Rpsol in production fields. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the adaptive traits of Rpsol and Rsol using a polyphasic approach. A diverse collection of isolates from both species was assessed for their physiological, biochemical, ecological and pathogenic traits. Rsol isolates demonstrated greater adaptability to a broader range of temperature, salinity and pH. They also exhibited enhanced abilities in biofilm formation and bacteriocin production. Conversely, Rpsol isolates exhibited a broader utilization of carbon sources and displayed a wider spectrum of resistance to inhibitory substances. Moreover, they demonstrated higher infectivity towards different solanaceous hosts, showing a faster invasion and colonization process in the roots and stems of tomato plants compared to Rsol isolates. Based on our findings, we concluded that Rsol exhibited greater physiological and ecological adaptability, while Rpsol showed greater pathogenic and biochemical adaptability. These results suggest that the coexistence of both species is maintained through a balance of distinct traits within each species.
Structural racism, nativity and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among Black women
Authors: McKenzie‐Sampson Safyer , Baer Rebecca J. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , Karasek Deborah , Riddell Corinne A. , Torres Jacqueline M. , Blebu Bridgette E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlack women in the United States (US) have the highest risk of preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) births, compared to women of other racial groups. Among Black women, there are disparities by nativity whereby foreign‐born women have a lower risk of PTB and SGA compared to US‐born women. Differential exposure to racism may confer nativity‐based differences in adverse perinatal outcomes between US‐ and foreign‐born Black women. This remains unexplored among US‐ and African‐born women in California.ObjectivesEvaluate the relationship between structural racism, nativity, PTB and SGA among US‐ and African‐born Black women in California.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based study of singleton births to US‐ and African‐born Black women in California from 2011 to 2017 (n = 131,424). We examined the risk of PTB and SGA by nativity and neighbourhoods with differing levels of structural racism, as measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes. We fit crude and age‐adjusted Poisson regression models, estimated using generalized estimating equations, with risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the effect measure.ResultsThe proportions of PTB and SGA were 9.7% and 14.5%, respectively, for US‐born women, while 5.6% and 8.3% for African‐born women. US‐born women (n = 24,782; 20.8%) were more likely to live in neighbourhoods with high structural racism compared to African‐born women (n = 1474; 11.6%). Structural racism was associated with an elevated risk of PTB (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12, 1.26) and SGA (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13, 1.25) for all Black women, however, there was heterogeneity by nativity, with US‐born women experiencing a higher magnitude of effect than African‐born women.ConclusionsAmong Black women in California, exposure to structural racism and the impacts of structural racism on the risk of PTB and SGA varied by nativity.
On the specific status of eastern Mediterranean Dendrophyllia corals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): Genetic characterization and speciation scenarios
Authors: Aurelle Didier , Haguenauer Anne , Blaise Chloé , Reynes Lauric , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie , Boavida Joana , Cabau Cédric , Klopp Christophe , Lundalv Tomas , Noûs Camille , Sartoretto Stéphane , Wienberg Claudia , Jiménez Carlos E. , Orejas Covadonga 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe deep‐sea corals Dendrophyllia ramea and Dendrophyllia cornigera occur in Mediterranean and Atlantic waters. Both species are found in different environmental conditions, and they can colonize hard and soft substrates. These species then display an important ecological plasticity along with morphological plasticity. Nevertheless, there is a large knowledge gap on the genetic characteristics of the two species, including on the relationships between them and the possibility of cryptic species along their range. The recent discovery of Dendrophyllia populations off Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean Sea raised new questions in this context. These corals were related to D. ramea but had some morphological differences with other known populations of this species. Here, we study the specific status of Dendrophyllia corals from Cyprus on the basis of morphology and genetics. The genetic data are interpreted by comparison with the same analysis performed on two Caryophyllia species. Both morphological and genetic data confirm that corals found off Cyprus belong to the D. ramea species. We further tested the speciation scenario using transcriptome data: the results indicate an absence of current gene flow between D. ramea and D. cornigera and that the divergence occurred more than 3 million years ago. We discuss the possible historical and ecological factors which may have shaped speciation in these species.
An Improved Heat Flux Partitioning Model of Nucleate Boiling Under Saturated Pool Boiling Condition
Authors: He Mingfu , Chen Minghui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An improved heat flux partitioning model of pool boiling is proposed in this study to predict the material-conjugated pool boiling curve. The fundamental rationale behind the improved model is that heat convection is only governed by far-field mechanisms while heat quenching and evaporation are partially subjected to near-field material-dependent mechanisms. The quenching heat flux is derived dependently on thermal-effusivities of solid and liquid, respectively, based on the transient heat conduction analyses. The evaporative heat flux correlates the material-dependent bubble dynamics parameters including bubble departure frequency and nucleation site density together to yield a new analytical form and support the theoretical reflections of material-conjugated boiling behaviors. The proposed model can approximately capture the material-related impacts on boiling heat transfer coefficients and simulate pool boiling curves validated by the use of experimental data.
Investigating the Suitability of Multi-Scroll Volutes for Improving Spanwise Incidence of Mixed Flow Turbine Rotors With Varying Blade Cone Angles in Automotive Turbocharging Applications
Authors: Martin Peter , Spence Stephen , Stuart Charles , Leonard Thomas , Starke Andre , Geron Marco 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Targets to reduce fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions have been met using engine downsizing and turbocharging. In automotive applications, it is important that the turbocharger responds well to transient events and operates efficiently at both the design and off-design conditions. A mixed flow turbine (MFT) is not constrained to a radial inlet blade angle, allowing the peak efficiency to be shifted to a lower U/C_is, providing additional freedom to the designer. As the MFT leading edge varies in radius, the spanwise incidence angle also varies, leading to additional separation on the suction surface (SS) of the blade near the hub because of increasingly positive incidence, which is most noticeable at off-design conditions. A multi-scroll volute was previously paired with an MFT with a 45-deg blade cone angle (Λ), which generated a non-uniform spanwise flow that improved efficiency at off-design at the cost of peak efficiency. The current study identified the range of blade cone angles that benefitted from a multi-scroll volute to reduce incidence at the hub region. A numerical investigation was conducted, which determined the influence a multi-scroll volute can have on MFTs with varying levels of blade cone angle. When the MFT with a large blade cone angle (Λ = 60 deg) was paired with a multi-scroll volute, the efficiency improved by 2.2%pts at design and 0.5%pts at off-design conditions. The incidence improved, and the mass flowrate increased at the hub region. The MFT with a smaller blade cone angle (Λ = 30 deg) had performance losses at both operating conditions because the multi-scroll volute increased incidence within the hub region, which reduced the peak efficiency by 1.3%pts. The off-design condition had an excessively positive incidence angle, which was further increased at the hub region by the multi-scroll volute. This resulted in a 0.8%pts reduction in off-design efficiency. The multi-scroll volute concept was shown to offer efficiency improvements for MFTs with larger blade cone angles through better management of the non-uniform spanwise velocity distribution at the rotor inlet.
Extension and Validation of the Turbomachinery Capabilities of SU2 Open Source Computational Fluid Dynamic Code
Authors: Yan Chuanxiang , Wang Baotong , He Xiao , Zhao Fanzhou , Zheng Xuedong , Vahdati Mehdi , Zheng Xinqian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) tools have revolutionized the way to design engineering systems, but most established codes are proprietary and closed-source, making it difficult, if not impossible, to modify, debug, or add new features to the code. To provide a freely available open-source CFD code for turbomachinery aerodynamics and aeroelasticity, this paper enhances the turbomachinery capabilities of the open-source SU2 code and demonstrates its capabilities of single-passage steady simulation, full-annulus unsteady simulation, and aeroelasticity analysis in two high-speed compressors, namely NASA Stage 35 and TUDa-GLR-OpenStage, and a linear cascade SC1. For the single-passage steady simulation of NASA Stage 35, the SU2 results are validated against the measured data and verified against the commercial solver ansys cfx, and the performance characteristics results are in reasonably good agreement with each other. For the single-passage steady simulation of TUDa-GLR-OpenStage, grid and turbulence model sensitivity studies are performed and results are validated against the measured data, and SU2 can predict both the performance characteristics and the radial profiles with sufficient accuracy. For the full-annulus unsteady simulation of NASA Stage 35, it is demonstrated that SU2 can predict the propagation of inlet distortion equally well as ansys cfx. For the linear cascade, SU2 can predict the unsteady pressure and aerodynamic damping coefficient accurately. The presented results demonstrate the turbomachinery aerodynamics and aeroelasticity capabilities of SU2. The major modifications of SU2 made in this work will be shared with the code maintainer and the community in the future.
Toxinome—the bacterial protein toxin database
Authors: Danov Aleks , Segev Ofir , Bograd Avi , Ben Eliyahu Yedidya , Dotan Noam , Kaplan Tommy , Levy Asaf 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Protein toxins are key molecular weapons in biology that are used to attack neighboring cells. Bacteria use protein toxins to kill or inhibit the growth of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using various modes of action that target essential cellular components. The toxins are responsible for shaping microbiomes in different habitats, for abortive phage infection, and for severe infectious diseases in animals and plants. Although several toxin databases have been developed, each one is devoted to a specific toxin family, and they encompass a relatively small number of toxins. Antimicrobial toxins are often accompanied by antitoxins (or immunity proteins) that neutralize the cognate toxins. Here, we combined toxins and antitoxins from many resources and created Toxinome, a comprehensive and updated bacterial protein toxin database. The Toxinome includes a total of 1,483,028 toxins and 491,345 antitoxins encoded in 59,475 bacterial genomes across the tree of life. We identified a depletion of toxin and antitoxin genes in bacteria that dwell in extreme temperatures. We defined 5,161 unique Toxin Islands within phylogenetically diverse bacterial genomes, which are loci dense in toxin and antitoxin genes. By focusing on the unannotated genes within these islands, we characterized a number of these genes as toxins or antitoxins. Finally, we developed an interactive Toxinome website (
http://toxinome.pythonanywhere.com
) that allows searching and downloading of our database. The Toxinome resource will be useful to the large research community interested in bacterial toxins and can guide toxin discovery and function elucidation, and infectious disease diagnosis and treatment.

IMPORTANCE
Microbes use protein toxins as important tools to attack neighboring cells, microbial or eukaryotic, and for self-killing when attacked by viruses. These toxins work through different mechanisms to inhibit cell growth or kill cells. Microbes also use antitoxin proteins to neutralize the toxin activities. Here, we developed a comprehensive database called Toxinome of nearly two million toxins and antitoxins that are encoded in 59,475 bacterial genomes. We described the distribution of bacterial toxins and identified that they are depleted by bacteria that live in hot and cold temperatures. We found 5,161 cases in which toxins and antitoxins are densely clustered in bacterial genomes and termed these areas “Toxin Islands.” The Toxinome database is a useful resource for anyone interested in toxin biology and evolution, and it can guide the discovery of new toxins.