bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fcγ receptor‐mediated immune phagocytosis depends on the class of FcγR and on the immunoglobulin‐coated target cell
Authors: Flesch B. K. , Vöge K. , Henrichs T. , Neppert J. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesThree human Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are known to mediate immune phagocytosis. A variety of different phagocytic assays have been described, but their comparability is complicated by the use of different effector cells and different antibody‐coated target cells. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of these variable components on the FcγR‐mediated phagocytosis.Materials and MethodsWe sensitized human red blood cells (RBC) with polyclonal human anti‐D (huaD), or with human monoclonal anti‐D of the isotypes IgG1 (huIgG1) or IgG3 (huIgG3). Sheep RBC coated with rabbit immunoglobulin (RBC‐RAS) were also used. Monocytes or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were incubated with different FcγR‐specific antibodies or their F(ab′)2 fragments to determine the contribution of the different FcγRs on these effector cells in the phagocytic process of different antibody‐coated target cells.ResultshuaD‐RBC and huIgG1‐RBC were preferentially ingested via the FcγRI on monocytes and, to a minor extent, also by the FcγRII. PMN ingested these target cells only after induction of the FcγRI by interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). huIgG3‐RBC extensively formed rosettes with monocytes but were seldom ingested. RAS‐RBC phagocytosis was induced primarily via the FcγRI on monocytes and was mediated by the FcγRII on PMN.ConclusionWhen performing phagocytosis assays with different effector and target cells, one has to take into account that phagocytosis is mediated by different FcγR, making comparability of these assays more difficult.
Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the risk of postoperative infection between recipients of allogeneic and autologous blood transfusion
Authors: Vamvakas E. C. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives A previous meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing the risk of postoperative infection between recipients of allogeneic blood or autologous blood obtained by preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD), did not detect an immunomodulatory (TRIM) effect of allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). If such a TRIM effect was mediated by white blood cell (WBC)‐derived soluble mediators accumulating during storage, however, stored autologous blood obtained by PABD would not prevent the TRIM effect, whereas unstored autologous blood obtained by acute normovolemic haemodilution (ANH), intraoperative blood recovery (IBR), or postoperative blood recovery (PBR), would abrogate the TRIM effect.Materials and Methods RCTs reported through January 2002 were retrieved, and five studies met the criteria for meta‐analysis. Summary odds ratios (ORs) of postoperative infection in recipients of allogeneic vs. autologous blood were calculated across studies.Results No difference in the risk of infection between the comparison arms was detected across all five RCTs [summary OR = 1·22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0·75–1·98], or when the results of studies using PABD or ANH/IBR/PBR were integrated separately (summary OR = 1·35; 95% CI: 0·45–4·08; and summary OR = 1·49; 95% CI: 0·69–3·22, respectively).Conclusions The finding of no TRIM effect of ABT across RCTs using ANH/IBR/PBR to obtain autologous blood does not support the hypothesis that a TRIM effect of ABT is mediated by WBC‐derived soluble mediators accumulating during storage. The null finding of the overall meta‐analysis also does not support a TRIM effect of ABT mediated by other blood constituents.
Tumorimmunabwehr und Autoimmunität: Erkenntnisse für die Entwicklung moderner Melanomvakzinen aus tierexperimentellen Studien
Authors: Tüting T. , Reinhard G. 
Published: March 2003

Zusammenfassung: Studienergebnisse zur unspezifischen Immuntherapie des Melanoms mit rekombinanten Zytokinen zeigen bei einem kleinen Teil der Patienten einen positiven Einfluss auf den Verlauf der Erkrankung. Die molekulare Identifikation von T‐Zell‐erkannten Melanomantigenen erlaubt die Entwicklung von spezifischen Vakzinen. In tierexperimentellen Studien können Einblicke in die Möglichkeiten zur Generierung

und Aufrechterhaltung von Immunantworten gegen Melanomantigene zum Nutzen zukünftiger klinischer Projekte gewonnen werden. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass Mechanismen der peripheren Immuntoleranz die Stimulation von melanomspezifischen T‐Zellen limitieren. In Labormäusen lässt sich diese Immuntoleranz mit Hilfe neuartiger Genvakzinen aufheben. Hierzu ist die Verwendung von kultivierten dendritischen Zellen als biologisches Adjuvans oder die Kopplung der antigenkodierenden cDNA mit immunstimulierenden Proteinen erforderlich. Zusätzlich müssen in einer therapeutischen Modellsituation melanomspezifische T‐Zellen durch proinflammatorische Signale in das Tumorgewebe gelockt werden. Nach unserer Ansicht haben diese Erfahrungen aus den murinen Systemen wesentliche Bedeutung für die weitere Entwicklung moderner Melanomvakzinen zur Anwendung beim Menschen.
Nitrogen Uptake by Italian Ryegrass after Destruction of Non‐fertilized Set‐aside Covers at Different Times in Autumn and Winter
Authors: Clotuche P. , Peeters A. 
Published: March 2003

The introduction of the European set‐aside into the rotation can modify the nitrogen availability for subsequent crops. With a view to evaluating this effect, three non‐fertilized covers were sown in May 1995. These covers were ploughed in at three different times: October 1995, December 1995 and March 1996. The ploughed‐in nitrogen quantities did not vary greatly with destruction time. The greatest quantities were incorporated into red clover plots and the smallest quantities into perennial ryegrass plots. The C/N of perennial ryegrass was on average 24 and that of red clover 14.The soil cover by clover just before ploughing is significantly related to the ploughed‐in nitrogen quantities.An Italian ryegrass was sown as the subsequent crop to the set‐aside. Overall, during the whole year 1996 and 1996–1997, there was no difference between the yields for different destruction times except for the first cut of 1996.The highest production was obtained after red clover and the lowest after perennial ryegrass. The relationship between the nitrogen amount or C/N of the ploughed‐in material and the nitrogen export for the annual harvest of Italian ryegrass showed highly significant correlations in 1996 as well as for the 2‐year harvest. Two multiple regressions were calculated in order to take into consideration the characteristics of the ploughed‐in material of the set‐aside.The measured percentage of soil cover by clover before ploughing and the annual nitrogen export of Italian ryegrass were also significantly related in 1996 and for both years.
Optimierung der Produktion von Wintergetreide zur Bioethanolherstellung durch unterschiedlich intensive Anbauverfahren
Authors: Rosenberger A. , Kaul H.‐P. , Senn T. , Aufhammer W. 
Published: March 2003

Improving the production of winter cereals for bioethanol by cultivation with varied intensityThe investigations were based on biennial field trials carried out at two locations comprising the factors location/previous crop, winter cereal genotype (rye cv. ‘Farino’,triticale cv. ‘Modus’, wheat cv. ‘Batis’) and production intensity level. One agronomical focus was to replace the mineral N‐supply due to its energetic relevance, by either the residues of legumes, or stillage, a processing residue containing organic N. The measurement included the crop yield ha−1, the bioethanol exploitation dt−1 and the bioethanol yield ha−1. The last was closely correlated to the grain yield and thus dominated by intensity level. Highest bioethanol yields with an average peak at 4022 l ha−1, always occurred at the highest intensity level. Bioethanol exploitation however, was mainly determined by the genotype. The cultivars showed significant exploitation and yield differences. An adequate bioethanol exploitation was observed with the wheat cv. Batis in contrast to diminished grain and bioethanol yields. Considering bioethanol exploitation and bioethanol yield, the triticale cv. Modus was the outstanding genotype. Despite high grain yields, the bioethanol yields of the rye cv. Farino stayed mean, because of a genotypic lowered bioethanol exploitation. Comparing the approaches of mineral nitrogen substitution, legume N was successful, whereas stillage fertilizing, according to the examined conditions, resulted in ample decreased grain and bioethanol yields ha−1.
Temperature, Osmotic Pressure and Seed Treatments Influence Imbibition Rates in Sorghum Seeds
Authors: Kader M. A. , Jutzi S. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractImbibition is an essential part of the germination process and is affected by various environmental factors. The effects of temperature, seed treatment, storage and osmotic pressure on primed and untreated sorghum seed were examined. The potential influence of NaCl‐based seed‐soaking treatments was also investigated. Experiments on sorghum seeds showed that imbibition rates were higher in untreated than in primed seeds after more than 24 h of soaking and that a rise in priming temperature increased imbibition to a greater extent in the former. The influence of imbibition in regulating the seed response to priming, heat and osmotic stress is discussed.
Prevalence and inheritance of canine elbow dysplasia in German Rottweiler
Authors: Beuing R. , Mues CH. , Tellhelm B. , Erhardt G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA total of 2114 scores of elbow arthrosis from the official screening programme of the German Rottweiler Breeding Association (ADRK) were analysed in respect of prevalence and genetic disposition. 45.8% showed no signs of arthritis, 40.6% were scored in Grade 1 with minor osteophytes and 13.6% were affected by arthritis of clinical relevance (Grade 2 and 3). REML estimates showed a heritability of 28% and a litter variance of 6.4%. The only significant environmental fixed effect was gender. 39.1% of the male and 51.5% of the female were free from ED which corresponds with 19.2% of the male and only 8.8% of the female in the critical ED classes of Grade 2 and 3. Differences between the years of examination could be explained by genetic gain. Month of birth as well as age at examination, in the range covered by this study, was not significant. It was stated that the effect of bodyweight should be tested before starting a breeding programme.
In situ rumen degradation and in vitro gas production of some selected grains from Turkey
Authors: Umucalilar H. D. , Coşkun B. , Gülşen N. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAn investigation of the dry matter degradability (DMD) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM) was performed for barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oat samples, using the Nylon‐bag technique. Gas production (GP), metabolizable energy (ME) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were also studied by using Hohenheim gas test. The DM from barley, wheat, rye and triticale was digested rapidly in the rumen, and, at the 48 h of incubation, degradability was found to be approximately about 80%. The higher degradability observed for these grains than for oats and corn was attributable to the structure of these grains. In contrast, DM of corn and oats was degraded very slowly and reached 66.7 and 66.5 at 48 h, respectively. Effective degradability values of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were determined to be 61.4, 69.0, 64.0, 41.7, 66.7 and 58.6% in 5% rumen outflow rate, respectively. At the end of the 48 h incubation, total gas productions in barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 83.6, 87.2, 87.5, 83.5, 85.8 and 63.9 ml/200 mg DM, respectively. The mean ME values of these grains calculated from cumulative gas amount at 24 h incubation were 11.8, 12.1, 12.3, 10.9, 12.4 and 10.2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. In vitro digestible organic matter of barley, wheat, rye, corn, triticale and oats were estimated to be 85.0, 87.3, 88.2, 79.5, 89.0 and 72.6%. Percentage overall EDDM (k=5%) of barley, wheat, rye, triticale and oats was positively correlated with in vitro GP at 6 h, cumulative GP at 24 h and total GP at 48 h (p<0.05). As a result, in situ dry matter degradation of grains showed great differences depending on the chemical compositions. In situ EDDM of grains may be predicted from in vitro gas production parameters.
Teratogenic effects of chronic ingestion of high levels of vitamin A in cats
Authors: Freytag T. L. , Liu S. M. , Rogers Q. R. , Morris J. G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryHigh concentrations of retinoids occur in some commercial cat food formulations as a result of the use of animal liver as an ingredient. Our objective was to study the teratogenic potential of dietary vitamin A in cats. We investigated the incidence of birth defects in kittens of queens given diets with retinyl acetate concentrations of 6000, 306000, or 606000 retinol equivalents (RE)/kg diet (control, 306K, or 606K groups, respectively) for approximately 3 years [1 RE=1 μg retinol=3.3 International Units (IU)]. Each group comprised 12–15 age‐matched, nulliparous domestic short‐haired queens that were exposed to toms. There were a total of 396 kittens born in 97 litters. Pregnancy rate, number of kittens per gestation and gestations per year were not significantly different among treatment groups. A total of 2, 5 and 11 malformed kittens occurred in the control, 306K and 606K groups, respectively. Malformations included cleft palate, cranioschisis, foreshortened mandible, stenotic colon, enlarged heart and agenesis of the spinal cord and small intestine, which are typical foetal defects consistent with ingestion of excess retinoids in other species. This study demonstrated that a concentration of 306000 RE/kg diet has a potential for causing birth defects in the kittens.
Epidemiology of Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus in the Czech Republic
Authors: Špak J. , Kubelková D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExtensive monitoring of the raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) in cultivated raspberry, wild raspberry and blackberry was conducted in 1994‐99. RBDV was revealed by ELISA in 31.6% of field samples, 15.7% plants in germplasm collections and in 43.8% of propagated plants. Infected cultivars were Aborigen, Balzam, Brigantina, Bulharský Rubín, Canby, Comox, F‐103, Findus, Gatineau, Glen Moy, Granát, Heritage, Lloyd George, M‐101, Mája, Meeker, Norfolk Giant, Norna, NS̆‐1D‐101, Skeena, Trent, Veten, ZamatoS̆ and Zeva. The virus was detected in 6.5 and 6.7% of wild raspberry and wild blackberry plants, respectively, at 22.8% and 11.4% of sampled locations. Vegetatively propagated plants seem to be the main source for virus spread in cultivated raspberry, rather than naturally infested wild Rubus populations.
Host Species‐Specific Protoplast Damaging Activity of Spore Germination Fluids of Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe grisea
Authors: Rathour R. , Singh B. M. , Plaha P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effect of spore germination fluids (SGFs) of rice and ragi (Eleusine coracana) limited forms of Magnaporthe grisea was studied on the protoplasts of host and non‐host species to determine their host specificity. The concentrated SGFs of rice strain of M. grisea exhibited strong disruptive activity against the protoplasts of two rice cultivars, Fukunishiki and Caloro, but had little effect on the protoplasts of ragi cv. VL 17 and Podophyllum hexandrum. However, the SGFs of ragi strain of M. grisea showed a high tendency to disrupt ragi protoplasts but inflicted less damage on protoplasts of the two rice cultivars and P. hexandrum. These results suggest that SGFs of M. grisea contain some factor(s) which exhibit host species‐specific activity and may be the determinants of basic compatibility.
Genome Organization of an Infectious Clone ofTomato Leaf Curl Virus(Philippines), a New MonopartiteBegomovirus*
Authors: Kon Tatsuya , Dolores Lolita M. , Murayama Akiko , Bajet Narceo B. , Hase Shu , Takahashi Hideki , Ikegami Masato 
Published: March 2003

AbstractComplete nucleotide sequence of infectious cloned DNA ofTomato leaf curl virusfrom Philippines (ToLCV‐Ph) was determined. The single circular DNA molecule comprises 2755 nucleotides. ToLCV‐Ph DNA contains six open reading frames (ORFs) each capable of encoding proteins with a molecular weight greater than 10 kDa. A partial dimeric ToLCV‐Ph DNA clone was constructed in a binary vector and used to agroinoculate tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. cv. Zuikou 102). Typical leaf curl symptoms were observed, showing that the single DNA component is sufficient for infectivity. In total nucleotide sequence comparisons with other geminiviruses, ToLCV‐Ph was most closely related toAgeratum yellow vein virus(AYVV) (79% identity), ToLCV‐Laos (78%),Soyabean crinkle leaf virus‐Thailand (78%) and ToLCV‐Taiwan (77%). The significant but relatively low sequence identity in the genomic DNA between ToLCV‐Ph and other geminiviruses suggests that it is a distinct geminivirus in the genusBegomovirus.
Benzothiadiazole (BTH) Induces Cell‐Death Independent Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris against Uromyces appendiculatus
Authors: Iriti M. , Faoro F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBenzo‐(1,2,3)‐thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S‐methyl ester (BTH), trade name Bion®, was used to induce resistance in bean cultivars Borlotto Nano Lingua di Fuoco (BLF), Borlotto Taylor, Cannellino, Cannellino Montalbano, Saxa and Top Crop, against rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus. A single 0.3 mm BTH spray 7 days before inoculation was sufficient to fully control the disease in all the examined cultivars. As regards the more susceptible BLF, either a single treatment 14 days before inoculation, or three applications on the third, fifth and seventh day before inoculation, were equally effective to prevent infection. Histochemical and cytochemical investigations showed that BTH causes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in the treated tissues. H2O2 deposits were localized in situ for the first time in the apoplast of the leaf epidermis. No cell death was detected at BTH concentrations below the phytotoxicity threshold, suggesting that acquired resistance against bean rust is mainly related to the enhanced activity of anionic peroxidases, promoted by H2O2 accumulation, thereby leading to cell wall strengthening. This hypothesis is also supported by the long induction phase required to establish complete resistance.
Studies on Equine Lipid Metabolism ‐ 2. Lipolytic Activities of Plasma and Tissue Lipases in Large Horses and Ponies
Authors: Breidenbach A. , Fuhrmann H. , Deegen E. , Lindholm A. , Sallmann H.P. 
Published: March 2003

The enzymatic fundamentals of lipid metabolism of equine have not been thoroughly investigated at this point in time. It is still unclear why ponies in contrast to horses may become hyperlipaemic when coming negative energy balance. In this study, the activities of the triglyceride‐cleaving key enzymes of ponies are large bred horses were investigated in order to obtain insight into the aetiology of the syndrome. The objective of the study was to measure the activities of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) in ponies and horses in ex vivo in vitro assays. Norepinephrine (NE) stimulated pony adipocytes to release FFA in a linear fashion (4.57 ± 2.09 nmol FFA · 105 cells−1 · min−1). This was not observed in horses. Lipolysis was significantly higher in fat cells of ponies than in horses when adenosine deaminase (ADA) and NE were added (12.71 ± 3.12 vs. 1.96 ± 1.22 nmol FFA · 105 cells−1 · min−1). Relative inhibition of lipolysis by the action of insulin was comparable in adipocytes of horses and ponies. However, absolute FFA release in pony fat cells was as high as the maximal NE and ADA stimulated lipolysis in horse adipocytes. Postheparin plasma lipase activities in ponies and horses did not differ between the sub‐species. This finding was supported by the results obtained from measurement of LPL activity in adipose and muscle tissue showing only a tendency of increased activities in pony explants when compared to horse tissue incubations. This study further supports the hypothesis that differences in regulation of TG release from fat stores rather than clearance of TG from plasma is causative for the development of hyperlipaemia in ponies. Abbreviations used: ADA, adenosine deaminase; BW, body weight; FFA, free fatty acid; HSL, hormone‐sensitive lipase; HTGL, hepatic triglyceride lipase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; NE, norepinephrine; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.
Comparison of a Conventional Reproductive Management Programme Based on Rectal Palpation and Uterine Treatment of Endometritis with a Strategic Prostaglandin F2α. Programme
Authors: Tenhagen B.A. , Heuwieser W. 
Published: March 2003

Two reproductive management programmes were implemented on a dairy farm with 780 cows in milk to compare their effects on reproductive efficiency and endometritis. The herd was divided into two groups. All cows in Group 1 received 0.15 mg of D‐cloprostenol (Preloban®, Hoechst Roussel Vet, Wiesbaden) intramuscularly (im) at 14‐day intervals starting at 22–28 days postpartum (pp) until breeding. Group 2 was examined by rectal palpation twice during the third and fifth weeks pp, respectively. Cows that showed signs of endometritis were treated with a uterine infusion of 720 mg polycondensated m‐cresolsulphuric acid‐formaldehyd (14 : 1) in 150 ml of water (Lotagen®, 2 %, Essex Tierarznei, München). For both groups, the voluntary waiting period was set at 50 days pp. Cows were bred on observed oestrus. Cows not bred until day 71 pp were examined by rectal palpation and treated according to a predefined protocol.Group 1 had a higher service rate, and reduced days to first service (P < 0.05) and days open (7.6 days, P = 0.08). First service conception rate and total conception rate were lower than in Group 2 (P < 0.05) and first service conception rate was considerably lower than second service conception rate in Group 1 (P < 0.01). Days open were 4.5 days higher and conception rates were lower in cows with endometritis than in cows without endometritis at post‐partum examination (P > 0.05). Results indicate that reproductive management programmes based on strategic use of prostaglandin F2α present an alternative to conventional reproductive management programmes based on rectal palpation and uterine infusions in large dairy herds.
Phenotypic Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Lymphocytes in Horses with Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kleiber C. , Grünig G. , Jungi T. , Schmucker N. , Gerber H. , Davis W. C. , Straub R. 
Published: March 2003

A panel of specific antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, MHC I and II was used in single and two colour flow cytometry to define T cell subpopulations in bronchoalvelar lavage fluid of horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and of healthy controls. According to the results of the clinical examination including bronchoscopy and cytology of the tracheal aspirate the horses were divided into four groups (healthy, subclinically to mildly affected; moderately affected, and severely affected).All groups of horses had a similar percentage of CD3+ cells in the BALF. Compared to controls, severely affected horses had a significantly increased number of CD4+ cells in the BALF, but a similar percentage of CD4+ cells whereas mildly and moderately affected horses had a decreased percentage. The percentage and number of CD8+ cells and the percentage of CD8+ /MHCII+ cells in the BALF was found to be higher than normal and varied according to the disease state. This novel finding raises the possibility that not only the CD4+ cells but also the CD8+ cells are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. The percentage and the number of CD8+ cells in BALF might be of diagnostic value to detect subclinical to mild cases of COPD.