bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of theanine enantiomers in rats
Authors: Desai Meera J. , Gill Manmeet S. , Hsu Walter H. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTheanine, first discovered in tea, is a chiral nonproteinic amino acid that has been reported to have cardiovascular, neurological, and oncological effects. It is being considered as a therapeutic/medicinal agent and additive in consumer products. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of d‐theanine, l‐theanine, and d,l‐theanine in plasma and urine using LC‐ESI/MS in rats after oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. Oral administration data indicated that gut absorption of d‐theanine was far less than that of l‐theanine. However, after i.p. administration, plasma theanine concentrations of l‐ and d‐theanine were similar. This indicated that d‐ and l‐theanine may exhibit a competitive effect with respect to intestinal absorption. Regardless of the route of administration, p.o. or i.p., the presence of the other enantiomer always decreased theanine plasma concentrations, indicating d,l‐theanine competition with respect to urinary reabsorption. Data on urinary concentrations of d‐theanine suggested that the d‐isomer may be eliminated with minimal metabolism. l‐Theanine appeared to be preferentially reabsorbed and metabolized by the kidney while d‐theanine was preferentially excreted. Clearly, the bioequivalencies of d,l‐theanine and its enantiomers were found to be quite different from one another. Consequently, the efficacy of commercial theanine products containing d‐theanine, l‐theanine, or d,l‐theanine may be quite different. Chirality 17:154–162, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Drosophila HP1 in euchromatic gene expression
Authors: Cryderman Diane E. , Grade Stephanie K. , Li Yuhong , Fanti Laura , Pimpinelli Sergio , Wallrath Lori L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHeterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), a gene silencing protein, localizes to centric heterochromatin through an interaction with methylated K9 of histone H3, a modification generated by the histone methyl transferase SU(VAR)3‐9. On Drosophila polytene chromosomes, HP1 also localizes to 200 sites scattered throughout euchromatin. To address the role of HP1 in euchromatic gene regulation, mRNAs from wild‐type and Su(var)2‐5 mutants lacking HP1 were compared. Genes residing within a 550‐kb genomic region enriched in HP1 that show altered expression in the Su(var)2‐5 mutant were analyzed in detail. Three genes within this region, Pros35, CG5676, and cdc2, were found to associate with HP1 by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Surprisingly, these genes require HP1 for expression, suggesting a positive role for HP1 in euchromatic gene expression. Of these genes, only cdc2 is packaged with methylated K9 H3. Furthermore, none of the genes show altered expression in a Su(var)3‐9 mutant. Collectively, these data demonstrate multiple mechanisms for HP1 localization within euchromatin and show that some genes associated with HP1 are not affected by alterations in Su(var)3‐9 dosage. Developmental Dynamics 232:767–774, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome wide analysis of transcript levels after perturbation of the EGFR pathway in the Drosophila ovary
Authors: Jordan Katherine C. , Hatfield Steven D. , Tworoger Michael , Ward Ellen J. , Fischer Karin A. , Bowers Stuart , Ruohola‐Baker Hannele 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDefects in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway can lead to aggressive tumor formation. Activation of this pathway during normal development produces multiple outcomes at the cellular level, leading to cellular differentiation and cell cycle activation. To elucidate the downstream events induced by this pathway, we used genome‐wide cDNA microarray technology to identify potential EGFR targets in Drosophila oogenesis. We focused on genes for which the transcriptional responses due to EGFR pathway activation and inactivation were in opposite directions, as this is expected for genes that are directly regulated by the pathway in this tissue type. We perturbed the EGFR pathway in epithelial follicle cells using seven different genetic backgrounds. To activate the pathway, we overexpressed an activated form of the EGFR (UAS‐caEGFR), and an activated form of the signal transducer Raf (UAS‐caRaf); we also over‐ or ectopically expressed the downstream homeobox transcription factor Mirror (UAS‐mirr) and the ligand‐activating serine protease Rhomboid (UAS‐rho). To reduce pathway activity we used loss‐of‐function mutations in the ligand (gurken) and receptor (torpedo). From microarrays containing 6,255 genes, we found 454 genes that responded in an opposite manner in gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function conditions among which are many Wingless signaling pathway components. Further analysis of two such components, sugarless and pangolin, revealed a function for these genes in late follicle cell patterning. Of interest, components of other signaling pathways were also enriched in the EGFR target group, suggesting that one reason for the pleiotropic effects seen with EGFR activity in cancer progression and development may be its ability to regulate many other signaling pathways. Developmental Dynamics 232:709–724, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐line signature verification based on subband decomposition by DWT and adaptive signal processing
Authors: Nakanishi Isao , Nishiguchi Naoto , Itoh Yoshio , Fukui Yutaka 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an on‐line signature verification method based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and adaptive signal processing. Time‐varying pen‐position signals of the on‐line signature are decomposed into subband signals by using the DWT. Individual features are extracted as high‐frequency signals in subbands. Verification is achieved in each subband by determining whether the adaptive weight converges to unity. The overall verification decision is made by averaging the verification results in lower subbands. Experimental results show that the verification rate was 95% even if the writer was not permitted to refer to his/her own signature or if a forger traced the genuine signature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(6): 1–11, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20143
Node mobility protocols in the Internet
Authors: Teraoka Fumio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the various protocols used to achieve node mobility on the Internet are compared and evaluated. Node mobility can be defined as hiding from the application or user changes in the connection point to the Internet of the terminal. Node mobility can be broken down into two forms of mobility: wide area mobility and local mobility. Wide area mobility can be achieved by satisfying two factors: mobile node reachability and communication continuity. Local mobility can be achieved by satisfying two factors: packet loss avoidance and control traffic suppression. In this paper, the various proposed protocols for achieving node mobility are analyzed, and the methods used to satisfy the above factors are classified. Each classified method is then analyzed and evaluated from the standpoint of communication efficiency, scalability, security, fault tolerance, and ease of implementation. In addition, specific examples are given for the representative protocols. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(6): 39–59, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20173
Mapping structural differences of the corpus callosum in individuals with 18q deletions using targetless regional spatial normalization
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Lancaster Jack , Hardies Jean , Thompson Paul M. , Woods Roger P. , Cody Jannine D. , Hale Daniel E. , Laird Angela , Fox Peter T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIndividuals with a constitutional chromosome abnormality consisting of a deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q−) have a high incidence (∼95%) of dysmyelination. Neuroradiologic findings in affected children report a smaller corpus callosum, but this finding has not been quantified. This is in part due to the large intersubject variability of the corpus callosum size and shape and the small number of subjects with 18q−, which leads to low statistical power for comparison with typically developing children. An analysis method called targetless spatial normalization (TSN) was used to improve the sensitivity of statistical testing. TSN converges all images in a group into what is referred as group common space. The group common space conserves common shape, size, and orientation while reducing intragroup variability. TSN in conjunction with a Witelson vertical partitioning scheme was used to assess differences in corpus callosum size between 12 children with 18q− and 12 age‐matched normal controls. Significant global and regional differences in corpus callosum size were seen. The 18q− group showed an overall smaller (25%) corpus callosum (P< 10−7), even after correction for differences in brain size. Regionally, the posterior portions of corpus callosum (posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium), which contain heavily myelinated fibers, were found to be 25% smaller in the population with 18q−. Hum Brain Mapping 24:325–331, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences in the functional neuroanatomy of emotional episodic autobiographical memory
Authors: Piefke Martina , Weiss Peter H. , Markowitsch Hans J. , Fink Gereon R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAutobiographical memory is based on interactions between episodic memory contents, associated emotions, and a sense of self‐continuity along the time axis of one's life. The functional neuroanatomy subserving autobiographical memory is known to include prefrontal, medial and lateral temporal, as well as retrosplenial brain areas; however, whether gender differences exist in neural correlates of autobiographical memory remains to be clarified. We reanalyzed data from a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate gender‐related differences in the neural bases of autobiographical memories with differential remoteness and emotional valence. On the behavioral level, there were no significant gender differences in memory performance or emotional intensity of memories. Activations common to males and females during autobiographical memory retrieval were observed in a bilateral network of brain areas comprising medial and lateral temporal regions, including hippocampal and parahippocampal structures, posterior cingulate, as well as prefrontal cortex. In males (relative to females), all types of autobiographical memories investigated were associated with differential activation of the left parahippocampal gyrus. By contrast, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was activated differentially by females. In addition, the right insula was activated differentially in females during remote and negative memory retrieval. The data show gender‐related differential neural activations within the network subserving autobiographical memory in both genders. We suggest that the differential activations may reflect gender‐specific cognitive strategies during access to autobiographical memories that do not necessarily affect the behavioral level of memory performance and emotionality. Hum Brain Mapping 24:313–324, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Classification of cancer types by measuring variants of host response proteins using SELDI serum assays
Authors: Fung Eric T. , Yip Tai‐Tung , Lomas Lee , Wang Zheng , Yip Christine , Meng Xiao‐Ying , Lin Shanhua , Zhang Fujun , Zhang Zhen , Chan Daniel W. , Weinberger Scot R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProtein expression profiling has been increasingly used to discover and characterize biomarkers that can be used for diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic purposes. Most proteomic studies published to date have identified relatively abundant host response proteins as candidate biomarkers, which are often dismissed because of an apparent lack of specificity. We demonstrate that 2 host response proteins previously identified as candidate markers for early stage ovarian cancer, transthyretin and inter‐alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4), are posttranslationally modified. These modifications include proteolytic truncation, cysteinylation and glutathionylation. Assays using Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF‐MS) may provide a means to confer specificity to these proteins because of their ability to detect and quantitate multiple posttranslationally modified forms of these proteins in a single assay. Quantitative measurements of these modifications using chromatographic and antibody‐based ProteinChip® array assays reveal that these posttranslational modifications occur to different extents in different cancers and that multivariate analysis permits the derivation of algorithms to improve the classification of these cancers. We have termed this process host response protein amplification cascade (HRPAC), since the process of synthesis, posttranslational modification and metabolism of host response proteins amplifies the signal of potentially low‐abundant biologically active disease markers such as enzymes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International patterns and trends in testis cancer incidence
Authors: Purdue Mark P. , Devesa Susan S. , Sigurdson Alice J. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAlthough the incidence of testis cancer has risen markedly in many Western populations over the past half‐century, it is not clear whether rates in other populations also have increased. To clarify this issue, we examined testis cancer incidence rates over the 25‐year time period of 1973–1997 for selected populations around the world. Age‐standardized incidence rates for 21 registries in the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania over successive 5‐year time periods were obtained from volumes 4–8 of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Testis cancer rates rose between 1973 and 1997 in most populations worldwide, although the increases were strongest and most consistent among populations of European ancestry. Rates appear to be leveling off in some populations. The increases in testis cancer remain unexplained, although changes in the prevalence of important risk factors for this disease may be responsible. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial risks for colorectal cancer show evidence on recessive inheritance
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Chen Bowang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecent molecular genetic data have become available on a recessive inheritance in colorectal cancer (CRC). We wanted to search for evidence for recessive inheritance from a population‐based family data set, which is not sensitive to reporting or ascertainment bias. The nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database covered 10.3 million individuals whose invasive CRCs of adenocarcinoma histology were followed from 1991 to 2000. Age of the offspring and parental populations was limited to less than 69 years. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for site‐specific CRC in offspring whose parents or siblings were diagnosed with CRC. A total of 6,774 offspring were recorded with CRC, whose risk was 2.13 when a parent was diagnosed with CRC and it was 2.75 when a sibling was affected. The SIRs for right‐sided colon cancer were 7.53 among siblings and 3.66 among offspring of affected parents, giving a 1.8‐fold excess familial risk among siblings. Colon cancer among the 0‐ to 68‐year‐old population accounted for about 25% of all colon cancers. Examination of all cancers in family members of the affected siblings did not reveal large contribution by known syndromes, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. The most likely explanation to the high risk of right‐sided colon cancer among siblings is a recessive inheritance, which would account for 0.75% of all CRCs. Its high prevalence and predilection to right‐sided colon suggest that only a small proportion of this familial aggregation could be due to MYH mutations. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary patterns and subsequent colorectal cancer risk by subsite: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Mi Kyung , Sasaki Satoshi , Otani Tetsuya , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer by subsite in Japan, the baseline data from a population‐based cohort study of 20,300 men and 21,812 women were analyzed. We conducted factor analysis and identified 3 major dietary patterns, “healthy,” “traditional” and “Western,” and calculated the factor scores of each pattern for individuals. During 10 years of follow‐up, 370 colorectal cancer cases were identified. We found a positive association between the traditional pattern and colon cancer risk in women [rate ratio for highest quartile (RR) = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.10–3.84; p for trend = 0.11], but not in men. This positive association was slightly stronger for proximal colon cancer (RR = 2.07; 95% CI = 0.84–5.12) than for distal colon cancer (RR = 1.84; 95% CI = 0.75–4.50). After multivariate adjustment, the Western dietary pattern was also positively associated with colon cancer risk in females (RR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.10–4.45), with the strongest associations being observed for females with distal colon cancer (RR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.25–9.65). We did not observe any significant association between the healthy dietary pattern and colon cancer risk. For rectal cancer, no significant associations were found for the 3 dietary patterns. In conclusion, we found that the traditional and the Western dietary patterns were positively associated with colon cancer risk in females. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hamilton cycles in strong products of graphs
Authors: Král' Daniel , Maxová Jana , Šámal Robert , Podbrdský Pavel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe prove that the strong product of any n connected graphs of maximum degree at most n contains a Hamilton cycle. In particular, GΔ(G) is hamiltonian for each connected graph G, which answers in affirmative a conjecture of Bermond, Germa, and Heydemann. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 299–321, 2005
Non‐ablative skin tightening with radiofrequency in Asian skin
Authors: Kushikata Nobuharu , Negishi Kei , Tezuka Yukiko , Takeuchi Kaori , Wakamatsu Shingo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe recent successful application of radiofrequency (RF) in non‐ablative skin tightening for skin laxity has attracted attention worldwide. The efficacy and clinical effect of RF were assessed in Asian skin, with additional study on the duration of the effect and any complications.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEighty‐five Japanese females were enrolled in the study for treatment of nasolabial folds, marionette lines, and sagging jowls with 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsRF treatment was effective for nasolabial folds, marionette lines, and jowls. Objective physician evaluation found relatively good improvement at 3 months post‐treatment, and even better improvement at the 6‐month evaluation.ConclusionsRF treatment was very satisfactory for skin tightening in Asian facial skin. When compared with published literature from the United States, the results suggested that there might be race‐related differences in the treatment parameters. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:92–97, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perpetual call options with non‐tradability
Authors: Kadam Ashay , Lakner Peter , Srinivasan Anand 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe explicitly solve an optimal stopping problem related to the exercise of a perpetual American call option when the option holder cannot trade the underlying asset. We prove the verification theorem for the solution proposed. We derive the moment generating function of the optimal exercise time and also the elasticity of the option value with respect to stock price. The class of admissible utility functions that we solve for contains the CRRA family with some parametric restrictions. This theoretical framework provides the exact exercise boundary and the value of perpetual real options for a self interested manager whose incentives are not aligned with those of the shareholders. It can also serve as an approximation to the valuation of executive stock options. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enalapril and hydroxyurea therapy for children with sickle nephropathy
Authors: Fitzhugh Courtney D. , Wigfall Delbert R. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProteinuria in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an early sign of sickle nephropathy, and portends the development of nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure. Enalapril has been shown to reduce proteinuria in adult patients with SCA, but the potential benefits of hydroxyurea in this clinical setting have not been reported. A single institution retrospective analysis was performed. Children with sickle nephropathy were identified, and the laboratory effects of enalapril and hydroxyurea therapy were evaluated in children with substantial proteinuria. Three children developed proteinuria at 8 ± 1 years of age. Pre‐treatment laboratory studies included a low serum albumin (2.8 ± 0.8 g/dl) and a highly elevated urine protein/creatinine ratio (6.9 ± 3.7, normal <0.2). Enalapril treatment for 3.0 ± 1.3 years normalized serum albumin (3.9 ± 0.3 g/dl) without significant changes in serum potassium, serum creatinine, or systolic blood pressure. However, urine protein/creatinine remained elevated in the nephrotic range (1.6 ± 0.7). The addition of hydroxyurea therapy for 3.5 ± 1.2 years increased fetal hemoglobin levels (7.0 ± 3.6% to 21.0 ± 3.2%) and was associated with a near‐normal urine protein/creatinine ratio (0.5 ± 0.1). Enalapril therapy for children with sickle nephropathy reduces urinary protein excretion and normalizes serum albumin. Hydroxyurea therapy may further normalize the urine protein/creatinine ratio. Combination therapy should be tested prospectively in children with sickle nephropathy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of a patient with mixed warm and cold antibody mediated Evans syndrome and glucose intolerance
Authors: Jubinsky Paul T. , Rashid N. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Evans syndrome) with the presence of both warm and cold autoantibodies (mixed type) are rare in the pediatric age group. This condition may be associated with other autoimmune disorders and is notoriously difficult to treat. This case describes an adolescent male who presented with rapid onset Evans syndrome and diabetes. After failing to respond to high dose prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient was successfully treated with monoclonal antibody against CD20 (anti‐CD20). This suggests that anti‐CD20 is a valuable treatment for severe warm and cold antibody mediated Evans syndrome, and possibly for select cases of antibody mediated diabetes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.