bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hypothenar radial arch, a genetically determined epidermal ridge configuration
Authors: Holt Sarah B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA radial arch in the hypothenar area of the human palm is an uncommon ridge arrangement. It is associated with an ulnar triradius and no axial triradius is present. The configuration generally occurs on right hands but is sometimes found on both hands. The frequency in the few European populations studied and in one Canadian sample varies from 0.2% to over 2% of persons. Hypothenar radial arches have also been reported in patients with abnormal sex chromosomes but are not specific to any karyotype.Two families are described in which nearly related persons have hypothenar radial arches. They provide the first evidence that the pattern is inherited. In one family three out of six sibs have radial arches in the hypothenar area and so have two out of three children of one of them. In the other family a pair of identical twins and their mother have hypothenar radial arches. It is suggested that, from the information available, inheritance is probably due to a recessive gene.
Dermatoglyphics of schizophrenics, patients with Down's syndrome and mentally retarded males as compared with Australian Europeans using multivariate statistics
Authors: Singh Sardool 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDermatoglyphics of schizophrenics, patients with Down's syndrome and mentally retarded males were compared with those of normal Australian Europeans. A computer programme of multivariate analysis of fifteen dermatoglyphic features was utilized. This analysis produces two significant variates of each of the populations plotted in two‐dimensional space. The distance, measured in arbitrary units, between any two populations was studied for its significance. It was noticed that the patients with Down's syndrome separated significantly from the rest of the groups.The importance of multivariate analysis in the study of dermatoglyphics in comparing two or more populations is discussed.
The dermatoglyphics of the Elema people from the Gulf district of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Plato C. C. , Brown H. A. , Gajdusek D. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe present report deals with the digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of the Elema peoples from the Gulf District of Papua New Guinea. The samples involved 91 males and 134 females from the areas of Iokea, Sepoe and Karama. The Elema dermatoglyphics, compared to those of other peoples in New Guinea, were found to have a high pattern intensity index and frequency of whorls, and the highest frequency of ulnar type C line, complete simian creases and patterns in the IV interdigital areas of the palms. On the other hand, their 11/7 ratio of the D line, the main line index, and the frequencies of patterns in the hypothenar, thenar/I and II interdigital areas were lower than most other groups on the island; they also have the lowest R/U ratio.All dermatoglyphic features considered, the frequencies in the Elema group were for the most part found to be near the extremes of the range of the dermatoglyphic frequency distributions in New Guinea populations.The dermatoglyphic distributions of New Guinea as a whole are discussed in terms of those of the other Australasian populations with comments on the dermatoglyphic comparisons between the Australasians and the other major human groups, Amerindians, Orientals, Asian Indians, Caucasians and Negroes.
Dermatoglyphics of Easter Islanders analyzed by pattern type, admixture effect, and ridge count variation
Authors: Meier Robert J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe adult Easter Island population was fingerprinted in 1965 as part of an overall study of their human biology. Major findings of the dermatoglyphic analysis are as follows. Digit and bimanuar percentages of patterns (arches, loops, and whorls) were similar to those observed in Europeans. However, in terms of total pattern type distributions, the Islanders had many more whorls and a correspondingly much higher Pattern Intensity Index than those found in European groups. This difference was even present, although in lesser magnitude, in Easter Islanders known to be admixed with Europeans. Corresponding to a high occurrence of whorls, Mean Total Ridge Count (TRC) was also notably high. An association between TRC as a measure of pattern size and incidence of patterns was clearly evident in several groups available for comparison.
Sex and side differences and correlations between quantitative palmar characteristics in a sample Sardinian population
Authors: Floris Giovanni 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDifferences between the sexes and between the sides and the correlations between four quantitative characteristics of palmar dermatoglyphics in a sample population of 809 individuals (418 males and 391 females) from the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, are tested.Males have a greater number of ridges than females, shown by a greater a‐b ridge count and A‐d ridge count, and a more transverse slope of the main lines, shown by a greater main line index and papillary number.The left palm shows a greater number of ridges than the right palm between the A line and the triradius d and between the triradii a and b, with a lower main line index and papillary number.The a‐b ridge count has a negative correlation with the main line index and with the papillary number and a positive one with the A‐d ridge count; these correlations are greater in the left palms, especially in the males.
Genetic distance and gene diversity among linguistically different tribes of Mexican Indians
Authors: Roychoudhury A. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUsing gene frequency data for 14 genetic loci, genetic distances between 13 tribes of Mexican Indians belonging to 12 language groups were determined and a dendrogram was constructed. The genetic distance between tribes is correlated more with geographic proximity than with language affinity. The gene diversity (heterozygosity) of the total population was decomposed into the three components, i.e., the gene diversity between three main linguistic groups, the gene diversity between tribes within the main linguistic groups and the gene diversity within tribes. About 95% of the total gene diversity exists within tribes, the intergroup and intertribe components being only about 5%.
Phylogenetic implications of comparative primate growth rates
Authors: McKim Donald , Hutchinson Thomas C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGrowth data from a number of species of Old and New World primates have been analyzed by calculating instantaneous relative growth rates. Species discussed are the New World species Saimiri sciureus and Saguinus nigricollis, and the Old World species Pan troglodytes and Macaca mulatta. The analysis of the perinatal growth data indicated that differences in relative growth rates are present during early periods of growth. More specifically, it was found that the closer taxonomically a species is to man the greater the deceleration of growth during the first postnatal year. It is suggested that this may be a general primate trend.
Genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians. XIII. Dental microdifferentiation
Authors: Brewer‐Carias Charles A. , le Blanc Steven , Neel James V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractData are presented on the frequency of the following eight dental traits in 635 Yanomama and 65 Makiritare Indians: upper central incisor rotation or winging, shoveling of maxillary incisors, maxillary molar hypocone reduction, Carabelli's trait, mandibular molar cusp number, mandibular molar cusp pattern, rotation of second lower premolar, and pattern of second lower premolar cusps. Yanomama dentition is unusual in the high frequency of six cusps on the mandibular molars. There is marked dental microdifferentiation between villages; significant agreement was observed between a matrix of pairwise “dental distances” based on six morphological traits and corresponding matrices based on 11 genetic systems and on geographic location.
ABO blood groups in Peruvian mummies. I. An evaluation of techniques
Authors: Allison Marvin J. , Hossaini Ali A. , Castro Nora , Munizaga Juan , Pezzia Alejandro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBlood groups of Peruvian mummies of known origin were determined by three different methods: agglutination‐inhibition, induction of antibody production and mixed cell agglutination. The three techniques gave identical results, but the last two were useful in establishing the presence of H (O) antigen, while the first technique would not.The results indicate the presence of A, B, AB and O blood groups in America prior to known European contact. This suggests the need for a revision of concepts of blood groups in the American Indian.
Skin temperatures at the nape in infants at high altitude
Authors: Dufour Darna L. , Little Michael A. , Thomas R. Brooke 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSkin temperatures were measured on three Quechua Indian infants resident at 4,000 meters above sea level in Peru. Nape temperatures were warmer than other skin sites, suggesting that the brown adipose tissue associated with non‐shivering thermogenesis is metabolically active despite the reduced oxygen availability at high altitude. The question of the role of non‐shivering thermogenesis in infant thermoregulation under the covariant stresses of hypoxia and cold is still open.
The morphology of European and Southwest Asian Neandertal pubic bones
Authors: Trinkaus Erik 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDescriptions of Southwest Asian Neandertal os coxae have stressed the supero‐inferior flattening and acetabulo‐symphyseal elongation of the superior pubic rami. Further analysis of Neandertal pubes, including two European specimens. La Ferrassie I and Krapina 208, indicates that Neandertal pubes are distinguished primarily by a relative elongation of the superior rami. The supero‐inferior flattening of the pubic rami with the formation of a distinct ventral border, present among the Southwest Asian Neandertals, is less pronounced among the European Neandertals. Neither sexual dimorphism nor biomechanical hypertrophy appears adequate to explain this morphological pattern of Neandertal pubic bones.
Compact bone changes in cold‐exposed rats
Authors: Riesenfeld Alphonse 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRats exposed to cold stress show a reduction of relative cortical thickness in their long bones. The reaction resembles reduction of cortical thickness observed in Asiatic humans of the Mongoloid race, in whom many morphological features have been postulated to be cold‐adaptive. However, until it can be established that the physiological processes underlying the experimental and phylogenetic condition are similar, no extrapolation can be attempted from the one to the other.
Some observations on the dentition of an isolated group in northeast Poland
Authors: El‐Nofely Aly 
Published: August 2005

AbstractClinical examination of the teeth and the mouth was carried out on a group of 133 “Old Believers,” 54 males and 79 females, and a control group of 138 Poles living in the same area of Augostova in northeast Poland, 63 males and 75 females. Studying the frequency of Carabelli's cusp, shovel‐shaped incisors, missing teeth, microdontia, supernumerary teeth, and torus palatinus in both groups, it was found that Carabelli's cusp and torus palatinus are more frequent among Poles. Such differences could be attributed to differences in ethnic origin of the two groups.
A fossil hominid frontal from Velika Pećina (Croatia) and a consideration of Upper Pleistocene hominids from Yugoslavia
Authors: Smith Fred H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFossil hominid remains dating to the Upper Pleistocene in Yugoslavia are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the assessment of a hominid frontal from the site of Velika Pećina in northwestern Croatia. This specimen represents the earliest absolutely‐dated hominid associated with the Upper Paleolithic in Europe. Also the hominid material from the site of Veternica is discussed, and data are presented on the new remains from Šandalja. It is concluded that no Neandertal remains, except for Krapina, have been found in Yugoslavia.
A survey of glucose‐6‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase deficiency in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon)
Authors: Abeyaratne K. P. , Premawansa S. , Rajapakse L. , Roberts D. F. , Papiha S. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA high frequency of the G6PD deficient gene was detected in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. The frequency in the ancient villages is much higher than that of the recently colonized areas. The Sinhalese and Ceylon Moors have a significantly higher frequency as opposed to the Ceylon Tamils. The distribution appears to be related to a history of exposure to malarial endemicity.
Relationship of body composition to somatotype
Authors: Slaughter M. H. , Lohman T. G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship in college‐aged women between somatotype using both Sheldon's ('69) and Heath and Carter's ('67) procedures, and body composition, as measured by whole‐body 40K counting and body density. Sheldon's endomorphy is closely associated with height and weight; Heath and Carter's first component is significantly related to weight and body fatness. Lean body mass (LBM) as a weight or as a percent is not closely related to Sheldon's mesomorphy or Heath and Carter's second component. However, when LBM and height are used as independent variables to estimate somatotype, both variables are significantly related to Heath and Carter's second component, accounting for 61% of the variance. Thus, Heath and Carter's second component is significantly associated with LBM for a given body height. Most of the variation in Sheldon's ectomorphy and Heath and Carter's third component can be accounted for by weight and height. Sheldon's somatotype for all three components is not as closely related to body composition as Heath‐Carter's. Body composition, as measured by either 40K counting or body density, is found to be important in accounting for variation in Heath and Carter's first and second components.
Influence of physical activity on stability of somatotypes in boys
Authors: Pařízková Jana , Carter J. E. Lindsay 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the stability of somato‐types of boys with different activity levels followed longitudinally for eight years. Thirty‐nine boys aged 11 were somatotyped annually (until 18 years) using the Heath‐Carter anthropometric rating method. Three sub‐groups were formed according to their levels of systematic physical activity designated High, Moderate, and Low Activity.There were no differences in somatochart distributions of the Total Group, but there were considerable individual changes which cancelled each other in group comparisons. All boys changed their somatotype ratings at least once and 67% changed in component dominance. The inter‐age correlations for the components were generally of poor prediction value, and the somatotype migratory distances showed considerable variation. The Total Group means differed on three components and this was attributed to differences within the Moderate Activity Group, the only sub‐group to differ. It was concluded that changes occur in somatotypes of adolescent boys, but the influence of physical activity on the changes is inconclusive.
P.T.C. tasting among three Indian groups of Nicaragua
Authors: De Stefano Gian Franco , Molieri Jorge Jenkins 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNinety‐six Miskito, 85 Sumo and 79 Rama Indians were tested for P.T.C. taste ability according to a modification of Harris and Kalmus' sorting technique. Miskito's “non‐taster” high frequency approach values reported for some highly inbred Central and South American Indian populations, while Rama's and Sumo's figures appear in agreement with values reported for other relatively pure Amerindians.
The biomechanical analysis of bone strength: A method and its application to platycnemia
Authors: Lovejoy C. Owen , Burstein Albert H. , Heiple Kingsbury G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTraditional methods of bone analysis (both metric and topographic) are restricted to external characters. Spacial distribution of material is, however, equally critical to an understanding of a bone's function. Dynamic testing to determine whole bone strength can only be performed on fresh specimens. Methods for the calculation of both bending and torsional strength of other specimens (such as preserved or fossil bones) are developed in this paper. In order to illustrate the methods, the functional significance of tibial shaft cross sectional variation is investigated.
Skeletal growth of the protohistoric Arikara
Authors: Merchant Virginia L. , Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe longitudinal growth of the long bones and growth in breadth of the ilium are assessed for a population of protohistoric Arikara Indians from South Dakota through the correlation of skeletal measurements with estimates of chronological age at death.Comparison of the Arikara growth data with those from other Indian samples (Indian Knoll and Late Woodland, Illinois) reveals similar rates of bone growth, when compensation is made for methodological variation. As predicted from documented variation in adult statures, the Indian samples indicate slower growth rates than those of Whites but faster than those of Eskimos.
A gracile hominid cranium from upper member G of the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia
Authors: Boaz Noel T. , Clark Howell F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA fragmentary hominid cranium with teeth, specimen L.894‐1, dating from 1.84 m.y. BP in the Shungura Formation at Omo, is described. From its dental and cranial morphology and because of similarities to Olduvai Hominids 24 and 13 and Sangiran 4, among others, it is concluded that the specimen represents a member of an early species of the genus Homo (Homo habilis or Homo modjokertensis). The specimen shows approximal grooving on the premolars, pre‐mortem chipping of the molar enamel, foramina ovale and spinosum divided by the sphenosquamosal suture, limited pneumatization of the mastoid region, and a possible interparietal bone. Sedimentological, ostracod, pollen, macrofloral, and taphonomic data indicate that the paleo‐environmental context was a savanna/grassland or savanna woodland on the margin of a saline lake.
Metric dental change in the European upper paleolithic and mesolithic
Authors: Frayer David W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEvolutionary trends for dental reduction are presented for European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic samples. The analysis demonstrates that the greatest decrease in tooth size occurs between the two divisions of the Upper Paleolithic, while little and insignificant change characterizes the Late Upper Paleolithic/Mesolithic transition. Trends for tooth size over this period indicate that (1) human evolution does not stop with the appearance of “anatomically modern Homo sapiens,” (2) changes in tooth size fluctuate with increases in the efficiency and complexity of cultural systems, and (3) the Early Upper Paleolithic sample should be considered transitional between Wurm II European Neanderthals and later Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic groups.
A comparative study on the dental health status of five Precolumbian Peruvian cultures
Authors: Elzay Richard P. , Allison Marvin J. , Pezzia Alejandro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn a survey of dental health status of ancient Southern Peru, 101 skeletal remains were studied from five cultures: Paracas, Nazca, Tiahuanaco, Ica, and Inca. The Paracas and Ica cultures exhibited more missing antemortem teeth per mandible than the other cultures. Frequency of missing one or more third molars was less than expected and not as high as reported in peoples of Mongoloid heritage. The Paracas, Ica and Nazca, “coastal” cultures had a higher caries incidence than the “inland” cultures. Whether this relates to some difference in diet or water supply remains unresolved and warrants further investigation. Moderate attrition was noted in all the Precolumbian cultures but pulpal involvement was not observed. Osteitis, noted in all the cultures, was more pronounced in the Nazca, Paracas and Ica cultures. There appeared to be a direct relationship between caries involvement and the number of missing antemortem teeth to osteitis. Calculus was heavier in the Paracas and Ica cultures. In addition, the Paracas culture exhibited a dark brown stain on the teeth which may imply some difference between the cultures in either the food, water or social habits.
Sex and race differences in finger ridge‐count correlations
Authors: Jantz Richard L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCorrelations between ridge‐counts on the ten fingers were compared by race and sex in 11 samples representing Negroes and Caucasians: five from subsaharan Africa, one American Black, three European, one American White and one from India. The samples of European ancestry showed no consistent sex difference in mean correlation, although female American Whites significantly exceeded males. In three of the six Negro samples and in the Parsis of India males showed significantly higher average correlations than females. The pattern of sex and race differences suggests that the sex chromosomes, particularly the Y chromosome, play a role in dermal ridge development.
Stereometric craniometry
Authors: Oyen Ordean J. , Walker Alan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA method is described whereby three‐dimensional co‐ordinates of points on a cranium can be recorded in terms of azimuth, elevation and radial distance from a selected point. These co‐ordinates can be used to create two‐dimensional representations of single crania, the differences between many crania or growth stages of individuals or series of individuals. The co‐ordinates can be used in more conventional analytic ways in the same way as cartesian co‐ordinates.
Aging and secular change in adult stature in rural Colombia
Authors: Himes John H. , Mueller William H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAge‐associated changes in adult stature of a cross‐sectional sample of 634 adults from rural Colombia were estimated by multiple regression of stature and age controlling for subischial length, and from equations predicting maximum attained stature from subischial length. From these analyses the estimated rate of loss in stature due to aging per se for men was 0.12 cm/yr, while for women it was 0.03 cm/yr. When corrected for aging, several secular trends in adult stature were evident, although none were statistically significant.