bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological factors in neurology
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The brain and the mind constitute a unity, and we may leave to the philosophers, who have separated them in thought, the task of putting them together again. In practice, there are two ways of explaining disorders of the mind. They may be the result of damage to the brain, for example, by transmitter defects, trauma, inflammation, tumour, impaired blood supply, etc. In such cases the cause itself is notmental, though its result is a disorder of mental function. In the other group of cases, the cause is mental, because the patient’s present mental symptoms can be traced back to, and explained in terms of, one of his previous mental experiences, or a whole series of such experiences, which constituted his reactions to what happened to him in the past.
Science and the sanctity of life
Authors: Medawar Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I do not intend to deny that the advance of science may some times have consequences that endanger, if not life itself, then the quality of life or our self-respect as human beings (for it is in this wider sense that I think ‘sanctity’ should be construed). Nor shall I waste time by defending science as a whole or scientists generally against a charge of inner or essential malevolence.
Clones, Genes, and Human Rights
Authors: Ha1rris John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The birth of Dolly, the world famous cloned sheep, has had an extraordinary impact on many dimensions of our lives, both intellectual and real. It has fuelled debate in a number of fora: genetic, scientific, political, moral, journalistic, and literary. It has also given rise to a number of myths, not least among which is the myth that Dolly presents a danger to humanity, the human gene-pool, genetic diversity, the ecosystem, the world as we know it, and the survival of the human species.
A Perspective from Africa on Human Rights and Genetic Engineering
Authors: Benatar Solomon R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Eric Hobsbawm has described the twentieth century as ‘The Age of Extremes’.1 One extreme is exemplified by the many scientific and technological advances which have increased our life-span and improved life in a myriad of ways. Advances in molecular biology and the promises offered by genetic engineering to benefit human life typify the success achieved through the scientific reductionist approach to micro-structures. The other extreme is reflected in the magnitude of human suffering flowing from poverty, belligerence,. and disregard for nature.
Change and Continuity
Authors: Briggs Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Piers asks this question in the October Eclogue of Spenser ‘s Shepheardes Calender (l. 79), expressing a doubt that momentarily holds up the movement of the verse. In 1579 the question of where poetry stood, whether it looked back to its roots, or to the judgement of modern audiences, was an urgent one. The lines that follow attempt to set poetry in a social context: it belongs by rights to the court ( ‘princes ‘ palace ‘), but if the court is not prepared to support it (and this eclogue is in part a lament for lack of patronage), and those of ‘baser birth ‘ cannot comprehend it, it must return to ‘heaven ‘, the ideal, otherworldly state from where the impulse to write poetry first descended. Yet if poetry is addressed primarily to the leisured classes, and employs a high style to match, why has Spenser used shepherds as his speakers, drawn on country dialect, and set out his sequence with woodcuts so that it resembles the almanacs and calendars consulted by real shepherds at the time? The October Eclogue expresses the poet ‘s fear that he is writing for an age uninterested in poetry: with Virgil, Chaucer, and Maecenas, the ideal patron, all long dead, can there be a place for poetry at the present time, in the England of 1579? Despite his misgivings, The Shepheardes Calender marked the opening of a new phase in the development of English literature, a phase in which questions about the nature of poetry were eagerly debated. Spenser himself, in the argument at the beginning of this eclogue, refers to his own ‘Discourse on English poetry ‘, since lost.
Mahler in Vienna (XX)-The Graz Festival Correspondence with Cosima Wagner-Completion of the Seventh Symphony The Battle for Salome-The Second Symphony in Berlin: Oskar Fried The Fifth Symphony in Trieste, Vienna, and Breslau-Preparation of the Mozart Year (June-December 1905)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In artistic matters form is the important thing, not content. A WEEK after leaving Strasbourg, the ‘two most famous [contemporary] symphonists’ came together once again at the Allgemeiner Deutscher Musikverein Festival, which for the second time in its history was being held in Austria, this time in Graz. The choice of Graz, the capital city of the province of Styria, was not dictated by purely musical reasons, but must be understood in the context of the time as a political gesture by the nationalist German bourgeoisie. This is made clear in the speeches by local officials and manufacturers (who were financing the festival) reproduced in the Grazer Tagblatt of 1 June 1905. Since January the Tagespost, another local paper, had been publishing a series of articles entitled Meister des Taktstocks (masters of the baton) including an essay on Mahler written by the young Paul Bekker.
Mahler in Vienna (XXVI)-Weingartner is appointed The Vienna Opera after Mahler-Opening of the new season Journeys to Russia and Finland-Farewell to Vienna (August-December 1907)
Authors: Louis De La Grange Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Instead of something whole, rounded off, as I had dreamed, I am leaving behind unfinished bits and pieces: such is the human lot. MAHLER was still in Fischleinboden in the Dolomites on 11 August 1907 when he finally learned that he could go ahead with his plans for the future. A letter dated the 10th from Prince Montenuovo informed him there that the Hofoper administration had received official notification the previous day from the Berlin Opera to the effect that Weingartner was now free to take over the post of director of the Vienna Opera. In his memoirs, Weingartner gives a detailed account of his Vienna appointment. He explains, among other things, that when he first received an offer from Montenuovo he was hesitant because of all the unfortunate experiences he had undergone in opera houses from the outset of his career, and in particular in Berlin.
Dalcroze Today
Authors: Bachmann Marie-Laure 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is an English translation of La Rhythmique Jaques-Dalcroze by Marie-Laure Bachmann, first published in Switzerland in 1984. The book was commissioned by the Institut Jaques-Dalcroze in Geneva and is the first to give a comprehensive account of the work and ideas of Emile Jaques-Dalcroze, 1865–1950, educational pioneer, musician, and creative artist. With its detailed and copious references to archive material the book gives us a fascinating insight into the inception and development of Jaques-Dalcroze's work, from the end of the last century up to the present day. It traces his growing ideas on the use of movement and of improvisation in the process of music learning, and the application of these ideas to the vital experiencing of musical material, both for children and adults. Dalcroze's work begins with the primacy of individual response, the right of all to develop their individual minds through interpretative gesture; this, among other outcomes, enables a process of stringent self-monitoring in the development of the musical ear. The experience of overt physical response, which may involve the whole body, is seen to take precedence in the learning process, unequivocally and at all ages, over information gathering and problem solving. The principles of Jaques-Dalcroze are salutary and more relevant now than ever before. Indeed, many areas of musical activity would by enriched by an understanding application of his ideas, for example pre-instrumental learning, the training of young instrumentalists, performing, music therapy, and of course, the whole domain of music education.
Guitar Technique
Authors: Quine Hector 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a concise guide to the technical principles upon which the best current practice in guitar playing are founded. It deals clearly with all practical aspects of playing, such as posture, tone, position-changing, chord-playing, and co-ordination, and offers advice on interpretation and practising. It includes a selected repertoire list and a most useful appendix on ‘Writing for the Guitar’ by Stephen Dodgson.
Co-Ordination
Authors: Quine Hector 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The piano has occasionally been described as a ‘tuned percussion’ instrument. This implied limitation is one that it shares with the guitar—the lack of a genuine sostenuto such as bowed strings, woodwind, brass, or the human voice enjoy, means that after its initial attack, every note decays rapidly, making long-held notes impossible. In the case of the guitar, the problem is compounded by (1) shorter string-lengths (which, for all but a few notes, are a compromise); and (2) the vital importance of the exact synchronization of the fingers of the two hands. This last factor can be a severely inhibiting factor to legato, which in any case is one of the guitar’s main weaknesses.
Techniques of Interpretation
Authors: Quine Hector 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Music’, said a distinguished pianist in the course of a lecture a few years ago, ‘is a song and dance act!’ An over simple definition perhaps, particularly as dramatic or toccatatype music, written mainly for the purpose of displaying the performer’s technical skill, is omitted from it. Nevertheless, most ‘composed’ music owes its origins to either singing or dancing, however remote the connection, and this is the point that the lecturer was making.
Practising
Authors: Quine Hector 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pianist Artur Rubinstein was stopped in a New York street one day by a lady who said: ‘Excuse me, ho-»1 do I get to Carnegie Hall?’ He looked at her and said: ‘Practise!’ Practising is a matter of forming habits, and it therefore entails an almost unlimited amount of repetition. It is learning to do something which you could not do before, or doing something very much better than you could do it before; training the muscles, tendons, and joints to work in a controlled and consistent way-mechanics plus thought all the time.
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
Authors: Black Peter McLaren , Rossitch Eugene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stereotactic neurosurgery is done by using three-dimensional guid¬ance coordinates. With its recent coupling to CT scan and to MRI, stereotactic surgery is witnessing a resurgence that is one of the most important developments in contemporary neurosurgery. Ste¬reotactic procedures are done for three general reasons: to biopsy and perhaps remove deep-seated tumors or tumors of difficult ac¬cess, to help manage selected movement disorders, and to manage some chronic pain states.
Mutants Affecting Vegetative Growth and Development
Authors: King John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plant hormones play a central role in normal plant development. Despite their importance, very little is known about either the sites at which they act or the mechanisms by which they exert their effects. The characterization of mutants blocked in some step of hormone action is a promising experimental approach to the complexities of plant growth regulation. Recent years have seen much interest in this approach (see Reid, 1990, for review), resulting in the generation of new mutants with altered hormone responses. Several of the case studies in this Chapter deal with examples of the expanding list of putative hormone response mutants and provide information on the emerging ideas about their possible nature (Scott, 1990).
Rearing Preschool Children
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During The Second World War, preschool teacher Claudia Lewis moved from New York City to eastern Tennessee. Lewis had been teaching three-, four-, and five-year-olds in a nursery school in Greenwich Village, but she wanted to broaden her perspective on childhood development by relocating to another part of the country. Arriving in Tennessee’s Cumberland plateau, she soon discovered she had entered a world dramatically different from the one she had just left. The touchstone of that difference was the children themselves.
“Daddy’s Coming Home!”
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Late afternoon, all the factory whistles went off, sirens sounded & everyone in town was honking their car horns So much excitement!!” It was V-J Day, August 14, 1945. That evening this home front girl and her townsfolk in Waukesha, Wisconsin, “gathered at the park & sang patriotic songs.” And so it was across the country. The war was over; the Japanese had surrendered. Americans celebrated. A Massachusetts boy’s family was staying at a beachside resort when two women from a nearby cottage, Docky and Eddie, appeared bearing tumblers of whiskey, a large Chinese gong, a trumpet, and news of America’s victory. “In all the hubbub,” the boy remembered, “punctuated by Eddie’s gong, a parade was organized.” Beating pots and pans and shouting “THE WAR IS OVER,” the parade stopped along its route, and “at every house, kids and their parents joined us....”
Confronting War’s Enormity, Praising Its Glory
Authors: Tuttle William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Second World War transformed not only the United States but the entire world. In the United States, many of the! Home front children contended with the war’s enormity. First, by war’s end, six million Jews had been forced into concentration camps and worked to death or system atically killed by firing squads, in gas chambers, or in medical experiments. The Nazis also exterminated 250,000 Gypsies, and 60,000 men who had been convicted of homosexuality ended up in concentration camps where they too perished. The second enormity was the atomic bomb, which the United States dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. It deepened the psychic numbing that accompanied people’s knowledge that governments and their citizens were capable of previously unimagined brutality. The Hiroshima bomb immediately leveled the central city; soon after, radiation fell from the sky in oily black rain. Seventy thousand people died that day, and thousands more died from radiation sickness in the following weeks. The toll by 1950 was 200,000. “One day, one bomb,” the writer Jim Miller noted. “And three days later it happened all over again-this time in Nagasaki.”
Circumstantial Attitudes and Benevolent Cognition
Authors: Perry John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An agent’s beliefs, desires, and other cognitive attitudes depend not only on the agent’s mental states and various necessary (or at least universal) facts connecting mental states with the rest of the world, but also on contingent circumstances that vary from individual to individual. This circumstantial nature of the attitudes is a more or less direct consequence of the circumstantial nature of reference. If the object an idea is about depends on such circumstances as the causal paths leading to its occurrence, the identity of the agent, and the time and place of cognition, then what the agent believes or desires in virtue of the cognitions of which that idea is a component will vary with these contingent facts too.
Individuals in Informational and Intentional Content
Authors: Perry John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I shall defend Russell’s view that Mont Blanc, with all of its snowfields, is a “component part” or constituent of what is actually asserted when one utters “Mont Blanc is more than 4000 meters high,” and of what one believes, when one believes that Mont Blanc is 4000 meters high. I also claim, however, that a proposition that does not have Mont Blanc as a constituent plays an important role in the assertion and the belief that Mont Blanc is more than 4000 meters high.
Ethnic Trilogies: A Genealogical and Generational Poetics
Authors: Boelhower William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While narrative trilogies in American literature have not been neglected by literary historians, they generally have been seen as isolated instances or as unique moments in the overall career of a particular author. One immediately thinks of John Dos Passos, Theodore Dreiser, James T. Farrell, or even Josephine Herbst. But in the first four decades of the twentieth century, and especially during the late 1920s and 1930s, the trilogy served as a major experimental vehicle for appropriating and interpreting the crisis of modern American culture.
The Physical Approach To Our Survival
Authors: Unger Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The physical approach to our survival is the best basis for an adequate treatment of our identity over time: Any better approach will more likely result from a modification of this approach than from a rejection of it. For this reason, it is important that we understand the import of the physical approach. In keeping with the spirit of this book, the physical approach is not offered as any sort of analytic or conceptual truth. For one thing, I see no conceptual necessity about our being physical at all. Rather, subject to whatever qualifications may be required, the view is offered as adequate relative to the proposition that, in broad outline, our view of the world is correct.
The Innocence of Birth
Authors: Menzel Paul T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whether to treat seriously ill new borns aggressively is one of the most excruciating life-or-death decisions in health care. These patients are so utterly, transparently, completely dependent. With no imaginable say of their own, they have been pushed into life with huge burdens already. Generally we have not complicated these already torturous decisions with explicit consideration of financial cost. In the middle of their otherwise heated conflict in the famous Baby Doe cases of the mid-l 980s, for example, right-to-life organizations and pediatricians could publicly announce their agreement on one thing: costs and scarcity of resources “must not determine decisions.”
The Poor and the Puzzle of Equality
Authors: Menzel Paul T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we try to distinguish between health care that is and is not worth what it costs, sooner or later we will have to decide whether or not we should see the line falling in different places for people of different economic means. Here we find ourselves baffled and puzzled, in a virtual war of our own beliefs. On the one hand, does not care that is truly worth what it costs constitute a smaller set of services for the poor than for the rich? If one is poor one will certainly prefer to spend less on preserving health and saving life than if one is well off, even if in either case one is perfectly knowledgeable and rational.
Visions and Realities: Biology Division During the Morgan Era
Authors: Kay Lily E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Hale approached Thomas Hunt Morgan during the spring of 1925, Morgan’s presence towered over American biology: innovator, champion of funda­mental research, and a statesman of science. Raised during the 1870s in an upper crust milieu in Lexington, Kentucky, Morgan was no stranger to capitalist fortunes and political power. The Hunt enterprises (his grandfather) had reached unprecedented regional wealth, and the Morgan name evoked memories of Confederate pride and international diplomacy; T. H. Morgan belonged to a “cavalier stock,” as it was called in the South. A Ph.D. degree from the newly founded Johns Hopkins University in 1891 placed T. H. Morgan in the first generation of American-trained doctorates-symbol of American academic self-sufficiency. From his early research in embryology at Bryn Mawr to his leadership of genetics at Columbia, Morgan’s trajectory mirrored the maturing of academic biology. Like Caltech’s triumvirate, Morgan was a member of the nation’s science aristocracy, sharing its “Nordic roots,” social privilege, and professional visions.
Introduction
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At 3:00 P.M. on March 19, 1935, Lino Rivera stole a penknife from Kress’s Store on 125th Street. A store employee caught him. The sixteen-year-old struggled to free himself and bit his captor, who summoned the manager. While the store called an ambulance for the bitten employee, a woman who had observed the scuffle began to scream that the boy had been hurt or killed. A crowd quickly gathered. In an unfortunate coincidence, a hearse pulled up behind the store. Immediately, the rumor sped through the crowd that the boy was dead. The police, arriving on the scene, arrested the woman for disorderly conduct while the store manager explained that the boy had been released unharmed. The crowd began to disperse.
“Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work”
Authors: Greenberg Cheryl Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Harlem’s unionizing efforts coincided with another sort of jobs campaign: one to win clerical positions for qualified blacks in white-owned Harlem businesses. If some unions came to understand the advantages of including blacks and treating them as equals, most employers did not. Hiring blacks for menial tasks or threatening to replace white workers with lower-paid blacks served many private employers well, and the Depression saw no shift in their thinking comparable with that of many unions.
Laser Desorption/Laser Ablation with Detection by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nogar Nicholas S , Estler Ron C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) is becoming an accepted and widely used tool for chemical analysis. This technique combines multistep photoionization with mass spectral sorting and detection of the resultant ions. High spectral brightness pulsed lasers are typically used to effect ionization. When used in conjunction with high detection efficiency mass spectrometers, this combination offers the possibility of unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity.
Transcendental Psychology in the Transcendental Deduction
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rumor has it that when a well-known Harvard Professor taught the Critique for the first time, he reached the second chapter of the Analytic of Concepts-”The Deduction of the Pure Concepts of Understanding”-and postponed classes for two weeks while trying to figure out something to say. This chapter evokes the same incoherent mixture of reverence and disdain among Kant scholars that the Critical philosophy as a whole evokes among nonspecialists. It is widely regarded as (1) the philosophical heart of the book; (2) difficult to the point of being unintelligible; and (3) utterly barren of plausible or interesting philosophical positions or arguments.
Introduction
Authors: Hill Carolyn Ericksen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From a desk tightly placed against the side wall, a voice was challenging Catherine Wood’s directive. She was a new teacher, he one of twenty students in her freshman composition class. She had asked them to choose between working on an assignment in pairs or in one large group; Jimmy wanted her to decide. Nevertheless, pairs were beginning to form on their own, and he moved along with them. During the ten-minute work period, his eyes and his feet seemed restless. Once or twice he got up to ask Catherine a question.