bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Transfer Learning in LSTM Neural Networks for Data-Efficient Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Glynis Konstantinos , Kapelan Zoran , Bakker Martijn , Taormina Riccardo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractResearchers and engineers employ machine learning (ML) tools to detect pipe bursts and prevent significant non-revenue water losses in water distribution systems (WDS). Nonetheless, many approaches developed so far consider a fixed number of sensors, which requires the ML model redevelopment and collection of sufficient data with the new sensor configuration for training. To overcome these issues, this study presents a novel approach based on Long Short-Term Memory neural networks (NNs) that leverages transfer learning to manage a varying number of sensors and retain good detection performance with limited training data. The proposed detection model first learns to reproduce the normal behavior of the system on a dataset obtained in burst-free conditions. The training process involves predicting flow and pressure one-time step ahead using historical data and time-related features as inputs. During testing, a post-prediction step flags potential bursts based on the comparison between the observations and model predictions using a time-varied error threshold. When adding new sensors, we implement transfer learning by replicating the weights of existing channels and then fine-tune the augmented NN. We evaluate the robustness of the methodology on simulated fire hydrant bursts and real-bursts in 10 district metered areas (DMAs) of the UK. For real bursts, we perform a sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of data resolution and error threshold on burst detection performance. The results obtained demonstrate that this ML-based methodology can achieve Precision of up to 98.1% in real-life settings and can identify bursts, even in data scarce conditions.
Association of Comorbid Asthma and the Efficacy of Bioabsorbable Steroid-eluting Sinus Stents Implanted After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Huang Ao , Li Tao , Li Min-shan , Huang Zhen-xiao , Wang De-hui , Cheng Lei , Zhou Bing , Wang Heng , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To identify factors affecting the efficacy of steroid-eluting sinus stents implanted after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Methods
We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized self-controlled clinical trial on post-operative implantation of bioabsorbable steroid-eluting stents in patients with CRSwNP. Univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify which of the following factors affect the response to post-operative stent implantation: sex, serum eosinophil levels, history of prior surgery, endoscopic scores, and comorbid conditions (asthma and allergic rhinitis). The primary outcome was the rate of post-operative intervention on day 30, and the secondary outcome was the rate of polypoid tissue formation (grades 2–3) on days 14, 30, and 90.

Results
A total of 151 patients with CRSwNP were included in the post-hoc analysis. Asthma was identified as the only risk factor for a poor response to steroid-eluting sinus stents on post-operative day 30, with an odds ratio of 23.71 (95% CI, 2.81, 200.16; P=0.004) for the need for post-operative intervention and 19 (95% CI, 2.20, 164.16; P=0.003) for moderate-to-severe polypoid tissue formation. In addition, the asthmatic group showed higher rates of post-operative intervention and polypoid tissue formation than the non-asthmatic group on post-operative day 30. Blood eosinophil levels were not identified as a risk factor for poor outcomes after stent implantation.

Conclusion
Comorbid asthma, but not blood eosinophil level, impairs the efficacy of steroid-eluting sinus stents in the short term after ESS in patients with CRSwNP.
First records of two new silverfish species (Ctenolepisma longicaudatum and Ctenolepisma calvum) in Slovakia, with checklist and identification key of Slovak Zygentoma
Authors: Bednár František , Hemala Vladimír , Čejka Tomáš 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, introduced synanthropic species of the order Zygentoma (especially Ctenolepisma longicaudatum and C. calvum) have begun to spread in Central Europe. The two above-mentioned non-native species of silverfish have also recently been confirmed in Slovakia. This paper aims to comment on the occurrence of the two non-native species in Slovakia, to compile an identification key for all (i.e. also native) Slovak silverfish species and establish local species names.
“It wasn’t the priority”: Non-binary Children Experiences and Professional Discourse on Public Service Care During the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Langarita Jose Antonio , Trull-Oliva Carme , Vilà Montserrat , Montserrat Carme 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The lockdown associated with COVID-19 has had a different impact on LGBTI people compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers, with an even greater impact on children and youth. This study aims to identify the level of satisfaction amongst non-binary children with the attention received from the main social actors during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain, analyse the role of key people, levels of trust, and children’s main concerns and needs. Furthermore, it also aims to understand professional responses to the challenges presented by non-binary children and young people during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods
A mixed design has been applied to the collection of quantitative and qualitative data during 2022. A survey of children aged 9 to 17 (n = 1216, in which there were 32 non-binary children) as well as 30 interviews with professionals in the sector were used during the academic year 2021–2022.

Results
The results of the study show how non-binary children and young people have significantly less satisfaction than their peers who identified as a boy or a girl with respect to the care received, how gender identity played a fundamental role in their experiences during the lockdown and how professional responses have not had the proper tools to adequately address the challenges that non-binary children and young people posed to services and resources.

Conclusions
Adversities such as pandemics reproduced and intensified patterns of invisibility, discrimination and social exclusion in most walks of life for children who are outside of the dominant sexual and gender logic.

Policy Implications
This piece of work allows us to highlight the needs of non-binary children and young people as well as those of psychosocial care professionals in order to support sexual and gender diversity in post-pandemic conditions.
An Experimental Analysis of Precipitated Silica in Petroleum-Contaminated Clay for the Strengthening of Soil Characteristics
Authors: Kulanthaivel Ponnusamy , Krishnaraja Ammapalyam Ramasamy , Muthusamy Suresh , Mishra Om Prava , Sha Mizaj Shabil , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent times, the environmental impacts of petroleum-contaminated clay (PC clay) have intensified, leading to more severe detrimental effects. To address this issue, the use of precipitated silica (P silica) has proven to be an effective solution. P silica offers improved treatment for the contaminated clay and enhances the engineering properties of the soil. A series of experiments such as pH test, electrical conductivity test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test, free swell index (FSI) test, compaction test and Atterberg limit tests were conducted to compare the soil characteristics of the PC clay with and without the treatment of P silica. The PC clay soil specimens were tested after the inclusion of P silica with varying dosages of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% by dry weight of clay soil. The inclusion of P silica at a dosage of 6% resulted in the optimum strength of 275.12 kPa. This dosage also led to a reduction in free swell index (FSI) and maximum dry density (MDD), indicating a flocculation mechanism caused by the presence of P silica. Additionally, there was an improvement in stiffness and strength parameters, as evidenced by the enhancement in CBR (California bearing ratio). Therefore, the effective utilization of P silica in contaminated clay soil provides a variety of applications in the geotechnical field.
Discovering Rules for Rule-Based Machine Learning with the Help of Novelty Search
Authors: Heider Michael , Stegherr Helena , Pätzel David , Sraj Roman , Wurth Jonathan , Volger Benedikt , Hähner Jörg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAutomated prediction systems based on machine learning (ML) are employed in practical applications with increasing frequency and stakeholders demand explanations of their decisions. ML algorithms that learn accurate sets of rules, such as learning classifier systems (LCSs), produce transparent and human-readable models by design. However, whether such models can be effectively used, both for predictions and analyses, strongly relies on the optimal placement and selection of rules (in ML this task is known as model selection). In this article, we broaden a previous analysis on a variety of techniques to efficiently place good rules within the search space based on their local prediction errors as well as their generality. This investigation is done within a specific pre-existing LCS, named SupRB, where the placement of rules and the selection of good subsets of rules are strictly separated—in contrast to other LCSs where these tasks sometimes blend. We compare two baselines, random search and $$(1, \lambda )$$

(
1
,
λ
)

-evolution strategy (ES), with six novelty search variants: three novelty-/fitness weighing variants and for each of those two differing approaches on the usage of the archiving mechanism. We find that random search is not sufficient and sensible criteria, i.e., error and generality, are indeed needed. However, we cannot confirm that the more complicated-to-explain novelty search variants would provide better results than $$(1, \lambda )$$

(
1
,
λ
)

-ES which allows a good balance between low error and low complexity in the resulting models.
Heranwachsende in der cyber-physischen Stadt – Kategorien hybrider Sport- und Bewegungswelten aus Sicht der Stadtplanung
Authors: Bentlin Felix , Teske Tilmann 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungDigitale Hilfsmittel wie Navigations- oder Tracking-Apps verändern Bewegung in der Stadt. Digitalisierungsprozesse von Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten sind kaum Gegenstand raumwissenschaftlicher Forschungen, gleichzeitig veranschaulichen sie – insbesondere aus Sicht der Stadtplanung – die transformativen Kräfte in Städten an der Schnittstelle von Digitalität, Raum und Bewegungserleben. Denn bisher werden hybride Sportformen in erster Linie sichtbar durch die zunehmende Beanspruchung öffentlicher Räume. Digitale Raumaneignung findet ausgehend von Plattformen, Communities und weiteren Online-Angeboten bereits überall statt. Infolge der Vermischung von online, offline und hybriden Settings stehen nicht nur die Koordination und Gestaltung von öffentlichen Grünanlagen sowie Sportinfrastruktur unter Veränderungsdruck. Es geht darum, ein grundlegendes Vokabular zur Neuorganisation von Bewegungsaktivitäten und Stadträumen zu formulieren. Im Fokus des Beitrags stehen deshalb vor allem Anknüpfungspunkte für die qualitative Raumforschung und Digitalisierungsforschung: Anhand einer bundesweiten Online-Befragung (n = 861) werden Eigenschaften für sportaffine Heranwachsende (Altersgruppe 15–19 Jahre, n = 128, und Altersgruppe 20–24 Jahre, n = 152) mittels der folgenden Kategorien vorgestellt: Akteur*innen, digitale Hilfsmittel, Sport‑/Bewegungsformen, Orte und Infrastrukturen, Angebote und Aktivitäten. Die systematische Stichprobe kombiniert Ergebnisse aus Gruppendiskussionen (n = 31) mit Akteur*innen aus der Plattformökonomie, Sportunternehmen, Verwaltungen und Zivilgesellschaft. Diese Analyse der Raumproduktion Heranwachsender stößt Fragen zum Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf soziale Prozesse sowie zu sich verändernden Orten und zukünftiger Planung an. Schließlich werden Einblicke in die alltäglichen Sporterlebnisse der eher informellen Lebenswelt von Jugendlichen sowie jungen Erwachsenen für ein transdisziplinäres Forschungsfeld offeriert. Innerhalb einer vielschichtigen Gemengelage bietet der Beitrag einen Überblick anhand eines erneuerten und gegenwartsnahen Kategorisierungssystems hybrider Sport- und Bewegungswelten für Forschung und Praxis an.
Unveiling the power of critical multimodal literacy: exploring cultural difference in children’s literature through ‘The Proudest Blue — a Story of Hijab and Family’
Authors: Alford Jennifer , Yousef Areej 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt a time when difference is being actively diluted in the service of standardisation and conservative views of nationhood, stories about difference, and their semiotic and multimodal elements, provide rich grounds for critical engagement. This is especially the case with stories about highly visible cultural symbols, such as the hijab, worn in many school classrooms in countries like Australia. In this paper, we explore the use of critical analysis of multimodal elements as matters with which to think about cultural difference, through the picture book, The Proudest Blue — a story of Hijab and family by Ibtihaj Muhammad with art by Hatem Aly, 2020. This story presents to young people the notion of being strong in cultural difference via the symbol of the hijab. Our analysis draws on Cappello et al.’s 2019) Critical Multimodal Literacy approach to explore four dimensions: communicating with multimodal tools; re-storying, representing and redesigning; acknowledging and shifting power relationships and leveraging multimodal resources to critique and transform socio-political realities. We identify the range of multimodal tools the author and illustrator put to use to re-story and critique common misconceptions about the wearing of the hijab as a religious symbol. Making links between multimodal composition and critical analysis is a powerful way to affirm the significance of children’s literature that addresses difference, a term often conflated with diversity which references dominant norms. It can also inspire children to story their own matters in ways that critique notions of cultural homogeneity.
Drivers of crop commercialization in central and southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebiso Tamrat , Ketema Mengistu , Shumetie Arega , Leggesse Getachew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMore than 95% of crop production in Ethiopia comes from smallholder farmers operating on a farm size of less than 2 hectares. This implies that agriculture is dominantly operated by smallholders nationally. Agricultural commercialization is believed to improve farmers’ livelihoods; hence, commercializing agriculture in Ethiopia means contributing to the smallholder farmer’s welfare. To do so, a study of participation and level of commercialization and their determinant factors is vital. Hence, this study was initiated to evaluate crop output commercialization status and its determinants in rural Ethiopia. Heckman’s two-step model was employed for the analysis. The mean commercialization index (CI) for the sample was 43.40% while 26% and 35% of households were commercially oriented and subsistent farmers respectively. The decision to participate in crop output marketing was affected by age, market distance, and instrument for the level of farm mechanization negatively. In contrast, it was affected positively by livestock size (TLU), being in mid-highland agroecology, ownership of equines, amount of annual income, and access to market information. The intensity of commercialization was positively affected by annual income, access to market information, and number of oxen; while it was negatively affected by operational land, level of crop diversification, and market distance significantly. Improving the resource endowment, and minimizing transaction costs by improving access to market centers, market information, and means of transportation can further enhance commercialization. Improving access to farm mechanization and enhancing productivity in highland areas are also issues that shall get policy and development practitioners’ focus.
A data-driven method for the optimal control of centralized cooling station in an office park
Authors: Li Caiyu , Lv Zihui , Geng Yang , Tang Hao , Gu Xiaobin , Lin Borong , Zhou Wenwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn effective way to reduce the energy consumption of a building is to optimize the control strategy for the HVAC system. Load prediction is suggested and used to match the supply and demand for air conditioning and achieve energy savings. However, the gap between load prediction models and real-time optimal control of HVAC systems still exists. Hence, this paper proposed an optimization method for dynamically determining the best setpoints of chillers and chilled water pumps under a specific load. The energy consumption model of each equipment in the centralized cooling station is established and validated using the operational data. Then an optimization problem is defined to find the optimal setpoints for each equipment under certain load, to realize the lowest energy consumption. To verify the validity of the proposed method, a period of real operational data in an office park is used. The proposed method is applied on one centralized cooling station in the office park and results in an 4% lower overall energy consumption than the existing intelligent control strategies in the park. This method provides feasible directions and reference for realizing overall optimal control of the whole HVAC system in the future.
Hume on the Temporal Priority of Cause Over Effect
Authors: Palmer David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume claims that causes must temporally precede their effects. However, his main argument for this claim has long puzzled commentators. Indeed, most commentators have dismissed this argument as confused, but beyond this dismissal, the argument has provoked relatively little critical attention. My aim in this paper is to rectify this situation. In what follows, I (i) clarify the argument’s interpretive challenges, (ii) critique two existing interpretations of it, and (iii) offer my own improved interpretation. More generally, I hope to throw new light on this puzzling aspect of Hume’s philosophy.
The art of painting chromosome loops
Authors: Berr Alexandre , Chabouté Marie-Edith 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
How to get a metre of DNA into a tiny space while preserving its functional characteristics? This question seems easy to pose, but the answer is far from being trivial. Facing this riddle, salvation came from technical improvements in microscopy and in situ hybridisation techniques applied to cytogenetics. Here, we would like to look into the past at one of these pure cytogenetics articles that makes a breakthrough in addressing this question in plant science. Our choice fell on the work published two decades ago by Fransz et al. (2002). Besides the elegant manner in which DNA probes were organised to bring into light the out-looping arrangement of interphase chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana nuclei, this article perfectly illustrates that painting is not reserved to the fine art. As for whether emotional expression prioritised by artists can sometimes hide behind scientific empirical evidence, there is only a small step to make to the general case.
Predicting therapist adherence to the CRA manual in addiction care
Authors: Kraan Anneleen E.M. , Markus Wiebren , Schellekens Arnt F.A. , Dijkstra Boukje A.G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although manual-based treatments are widely available in mental health care, they are often not delivered according to protocol. Treatment-, therapist- and organizational-related determinants are known to affect therapist adherence to treatment protocols, and subsequently treatment success. This study examined which determinants are associated with therapist adherence to the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) manual, an evidence-based behavioural treatment programme commonly used in addiction care. Using a cross-sectional design, adherence to the CRA manual and potential contributing determinants were assessed through a self-report survey among therapists (N = 69) working in out-patient addiction care. Correlation analysis and backward stepwise regression analysis were used to examine which treatment-, therapist- and organizational-related determinants were associated with CRA adherence. Significant associations with self-reported CRA adherence were found for nine out of 16 determinants examined. Three independent determinants explained 43% of the variance in CRA manual adherence, namely compatibility with the working method therapists were used to, perceived outcome expectations, and perceived adoption of CRA procedures by colleagues. These determinants should be considered when implementing CRA in addiction care, for example by investing in training and taking into account therapists’ previous treatment experience. This also accounts for creating positive outcome expectations and the use of descriptive norms by making experiences explicit of therapists and teams that excel. Future research should investigate which other determinants contribute to therapists’ adherence and focus on clarifying causality between determinants and adherence.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the importance of treatment, therapist and organizational determinants influencing therapist adherence to the CRA manual.

(2)
To explain the three determinants that make the largest contribution to self-reported therapists’ adherence to the CRA manual, namely: compatibility with the working method, perceived outcome expectations, and perceived adoption of CRA procedures by colleagues.

(3)
To reflect on the clinical implications regarding therapist training, implementation of manual-based treatments and future research.
Spatial Characterization of Channeling in Sheared Rough‐Walled Fractures in the Transition to Nonlinear Fluid Flow
Authors: Egert Robert , Nitschke Fabian , Gholami Korzani Maziar , Kohl Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccurate quantification of spatially resolved fluid flow within fractures is crucial for successful reservoir development, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems. This study presents an innovative workflow designed to model and characterize preferential flow paths (channels) within rough‐walled shear fractures. A set of 30 rough‐walled self‐affine fractures, all possessing identical roughness characteristics, is stochastically generated. By solving the nonlinear Navier‐Stokes equations in 420 individual realizations, the transition from linear to nonlinear flow regimes and the two extreme flow directions perpendicular and parallel to the shearing are numerically captured. A distinguishing feature of this approach is its comprehensive statistical analysis, which encompasses both the geometric and transport properties of flow paths in the non‐simplified three‐dimensional fractured void space under typical geothermal flow conditions. In a perpendicular orientation of flow and shearing, fluid flow exhibits pronounced localization, with more than one‐third of the volumetric flow concentrated within 15% of the fracture volume. In contrast, parallel to the shearing, a complex pattern of individual tortuous channels emerges, with flow occurring in 22% of the void space. Nonlinear effects primarily manifest outside these channels, suggesting that complex flow phenomena may dominate irregular fracture structures, such as contact zones or asperities. In the parallel case, increased flow rates lead to an amplification of channeling processes resulting in less affected volume and diminished tortuosity of the main flow path, while in perpendicular orientation nonlinear effects are only of minor importance. The small‐scale flow regime of both extreme cases tends to converge with increasing flow rates.