bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expectations of a new eating disorder treatment and its delivery: Perspectives of patients and new therapists
Authors: Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Pettersen Gunn , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Schmidt Ulrike H. , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundA significant number of people with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge‐eating disorder (BED) do not seek professional help. Important reasons include limited knowledge of eating disorders (EDs), feelings of shame, treatment costs, and restricted access to specialized healthcare. In this study, we explored if a novel therapy delivered in a primary care setting could overcome these barriers. We investigated factors such as motivation and expectations and included the patients' and newly trained therapists' perspectives.MethodWe interviewed 10 women with BN (n = 2) or BED (n = 8), enrolled in the Physical Exercise and Dietary therapy (PED‐t) program, in a Healthy Life Center (HLC) located in a primary healthcare facility. Interview topics discussed were motivations for and expectations of therapy, and the treatment location. In addition, 10 therapists from HLC's were interviewed on their experiences with the PED‐t training program and expectations of running PED‐t within their service. The semi‐structured interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsMost patients had limited knowledge about EDs and first realized the need for professional help after learning about PED‐t. Patients exhibited strong motivations for treatment and a positive perception of both the PED‐t, the new treatment setting, and the therapists' competencies. The therapists, following a brief training program, felt confident in their abilities to treat EDs and provide PED‐t. With minor operational adjustments, PED‐t can seamlessly be integrated into national HLC service locations.ConclusionPED‐t is an accessible therapeutic service that can be delivered in a primary care environment in a stepped‐care therapy model.Public SignificanceThis study investigates the views and experiences of patients and newly trained therapists of PED‐t (Physical Exercise and Dietary therapy), a new program‐led primary care therapy for binge‐eating spectrum eating disorders. The treatment and the locations for the intervention, that is, local health care centers, were found to be highly acceptable to both patients and therapists, thus PED‐t could easily be integrated as a first step into a step‐care delivery model.
Modified Gold Nanoparticles Modulated Fluorescence and Singlet Oxygen Generation of Pheophorbide a as an Effective Platform for Photodynamic Therapy against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ziental Daniel , Błaszkiewicz Paulina , Długaszewska Jolanta , Güzel Emre , Dudkowiak Alina , Sobotta Lukasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper reports on the synthesis and evaluation of photochemical properties of gold nanorods (Au−NRs) coated with PEG with a thiol (−SH) group or SiO2 and their physical mixtures with pheophorbide a. Also biological activity of these systems was tested in photodynamic therapy directed towards Staphylococcus aureus. The potential additive effect between differently functionalized Au−NRs and the dye pheophorbide a was also studied. The efficiency of singlet oxygen generation varied considerably depending on the type of PEG polymer used for coating NRs and was the highest, of 65%, for the polymer PEG (10k) and the Au−NRs concentration of (1.33×10−11 M). For the other studied PEGs (2k, 5k) and the same concentration of NRs, a decrease in the singlet oxygen generation efficiency was observed. The most effective against Gram‐positive bacteria were the mixtures of PEG‐coated Au−NRs with pheophorbide a, exposed to irradiation at 405 nm and 660 nm, which provided a >5.8 log reduction in the bacteria growth. However, no strong bactericidal effect was noted in the case of irradiation with 525 nm.
Pivotal Role of Salicylates in Tuning the Formation and Reactivity of Mn(V)=O's
Authors: Arora Pragya , Kumari Vechalapu Sai , Duraisamy Santhosh , Allimuthu Dharmaraja , Draksharapu Apparao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn alternative and efficient route has been derived to generate the high valent [Mn(V)=O(m‐Cl‐salicylate)]+ intermediates with a series of non‐heme neutral ligand frameworks at 20 °C. The current method provides an advantage with feasibility in maintaining stoichiometric oxidant ratios along with the crucial variations of the salicylate moieties in tuning the reactivity of Mn(V)=O species. An in‐depth analysis of the Hammett studies revealed that the bound 5‐X‐salicylate (X=Cl, and NO2) drastically alters the corresponding Mn(V)=O's reactivity rates. In contrast, variations in the parent ligand frameworks resulted in consistent ρ values with increased lifetimes depicting the ligand's role in stabilization. Lastly, the complexes have been characterized to promote oxidative stress and prevent the proliferation of cancer cells effectively.
Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial efficiency predicts exercise performance
Authors: Erevik Christine Bjørkvik , Kleiven Øyunn , Frøysa Vidar , Bjørkavoll‐Bergseth Magnus , Chivulescu Monica , Klæboe Lars Gunnar , Dejgaard Lars , Auestad Bjørn , Skadberg Øyvind , Melberg Tor , Urheim Stig , Haugaa Kristina , Edvardsen Thor , Ørn Stein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCardiac function is a major determinant of cardiopulmonary fitness. This study aimed to determine if novel echocardiographic myocardial function and efficiency parameters at rest can predict exercise performance during different types of prolonged high‐intensity endurance exercise. Echocardiography was performed before exercise in 40 healthy (75% males) 50.3 ± 9.1‐year‐old recreational athletes. Echocardiographic parameters at rest were compared with exercise performance assessed by power output during two different exercises: A lactate threshold and cardiopulmonary exercise test (La‐CPET) and a 91‐km mountain bike sport cycling race. The La‐CPET had a median duration of 43 (40, 45) minutes and a mean power output of 2.9 ± 0.5 W/kg. The race had a median duration of 236 (214, 268) minutes and a mean power output of 2.1 ± 0.5 W/kg. There was moderate left ventricular (LV) dilatation in individuals with the highest performance. The myocardial efficiency parameter, global wasted work (GWW), was positively correlated with race duration (rho = 0.42, p = 0.008) and negatively correlated with mean power output during both the La‐CPET (rho = −0.43, p = 0.007) and the race (rho = −0.44, p = 0.005). In multivariable models, including LV volumes, left GWW remained an independent predictor of race duration (beta = 0.40, p = 0.007) and of mean power output during the La‐CPET (beta = −0.40, p = 0.006) and the race (beta = −0.43, p = 0.003). The novel echocardiographic myocardial efficiency parameter, GWW, measured at rest, is an independent predictor of prolonged high‐intensity endurance exercise performance in healthy middle‐aged athletes. These findings suggest that resting myocardial efficiency parameters may aid the identification of exercise‐induced LV dilatation.
Forecasting multi‐frequency intraday exchange rates using deep learning models
Authors: Arslan Muhammad , Hunjra Ahmed Imran , Ahmed Wajid Shakeel , Ben Zaied Younes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the behavior of currencies' intraday exchange rates with mainly focuses on predicting these behaviors through deep learning models. The time series data are used in this study and comprise intraday exchange rate data for seven volatile currencies, recorded at two different frequency intervals: 1 h and 30 min. The data cover the time frame from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. Firstly, wavelet maximal overlap discreet wavelet transform (MODWT) type “haar” is applied in order to identify the noise representing the volatile trend. Then learning models are applied to historical data that includes support vector regression (SVR), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short‐term memory (LSTM). The main findings of the study provide strong evidence that the deep learning technique (i.e., LSTM) outperforms the other compatible models. This has been confirmed by the statistical measures for accuracy purposes. This study intends to address complex trends exhibited by volatile behavior of intraday exchange rates through non‐conventional learning techniques for the time of need‐based for the currency traders and other stakeholders.
Medical deserts in Spain—Insights from an international project
Authors: Dubas‐Jakóbczyk Katarzyna , Gonzalez Ana Isabel , Domagała Alicja , Astier‐Peña Maria Pilar , Vicente Veronica Casado , Planet Antonia‐Gema , Quadrado Agueda , Serrano Rosa Mari , Abellán Isabel Serafina , Ramos Alba , Ballester Marta , Seils Laura , Dan Sorin , Flinterman Linda , Likic Robert , Batenburg Ronald 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedical deserts are a growing phenomenon across many European countries. They are usually defined as (i) rural areas, (ii) underserved areas or (iii) by applying a measure of distance/time to a facility or a combination of the three characteristics. The objective was to define medical deserts in Spain as well as map their driving factors and approaches to mitigate them.MethodsA mixed methods approach was applied following the project “A Roadmap out of medical deserts into supportive health workforce initiatives and policies” work plan. It included the following elements: (i) a scoping literature review; (ii) a questionnaire survey; (iii) national stakeholders' workshop; (iv) a descriptive case study on medical deserts in Spain.ResultsMedical deserts in Spain exist in the form of mostly rural areas with limited access to health care. The main challenge in their identification and monitoring is local data availability. Diversity of both factors contributing to medical deserts and solutions applied to eliminate or mitigate them can be identified in Spain. They can be related to demand for or supply of health care services. More national data, analyses and/or initiatives seem to be focused on the health care supply dimension.ConclusionsAddressing medical deserts in Spain requires a comprehensive and multidimensional approach. Effective policies are needed to address both the medical staff education and planning system, working conditions, as well as more intersectoral approach to the population health management.
Healthcare cost coverage inequality and its impact on hypertension and diabetes: A five‐year follow‐up study in a Malaysian rural community
Authors: Folayan Adeola , Fatt Quek Kia , Cheong Mark Wing Loong , Su Tin Tin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsInequality in health care access is a socioeconomic driver for non‐communicable disease related risk factors. This study examined the inequality trend in healthcare cost coverage (HCC) compared to private health insurance (PHI) coverage, a subtype of HCC, over 5 years. The study will also determine the association between HCC (and PHI) and the status of hypertension and diabetes diagnosis.MethodThe rich‐poor ratio, concentration curve and concentration index were derived to determine the level of inequality. Furthermore, logistic regression was done to determine the association between HCC and the status of hypertension and diabetes.ResultsThe PHI group (rich‐poor ratio: 1.4 [rich: 454, poor: 314] and 2.6 [rich: 375, poor: 142]; concentration index: 0.123 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.093–0.153] and 0.144 [95% CI: 0.109–0.178] in 2013 and 2018, respectively) has relatively higher inequality compared with the HCC group (rich‐poor ratio: 0.9 [rich: 307, poor: 337] and 1.1 [rich: 511, poor: 475]; concentration index: −0.027 [95% CI: −0.053 to −0.000] and −0.014 [95% CI: −0.033 to 0.006] in 2013 and 2018, receptively). Contrasting to the observation with the HCC group, PHI was associated with higher odds for hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.252, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.051–1.493) and diabetes (aOR = 1.287, p = 0.02, 95% CI: 1.041–1.590) in 2018.ConclusionOver 5 years, the inequality in PHI coverage remained higher compared with HCC, which suggests that the rich enjoyed private healthcare more. Furthermore, those with PHI were more likely to report known hypertension and diabetes in 2018. It is reasonable to assume that those with PHI are more likely to have earlier diagnoses compared to others and are more likely to be aware of their condition. Policymakers need to identify strategies that can narrow the existing gap in quality and type of service between the private and public health sectors.
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of epilepsy: Unraveling the molecular mechanisms
Authors: Shariff Sanobar , Nouh Halah A. , Inshutiyimana Samuel , Kachouh Charbel , Abdelwahab Maya M. , Nazir Abubakar , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionEpilepsy is characterized by having two or more unprovoked seizures. Understanding the pathogenesis of epilepsy, requires deep investigation into the molecular mechanisms. This helps develop diagnostic techniques, treatments, and pharmacotherapy. It also enhances precision medicine and individualized treatment processes. This article reviews all the molecular mechanisms predisposing to epileptogenesis, presents the current diagnostic techniques and drug therapy, and suggests future perspectives in treating Epilepsy in a more comprehensive and holistic approach.MethodologyFour authors searched keywords concerning epilepsy at a molecular level, Epilepsy diagnostic techniques and technologies, and antiepileptic drug therapy and precision medicine. Separate search strategies were conducted for each concern and retrieved articles were reviewed for relevant results.ResultsThe traditional diagnostic techniques for Epilepsy and its pathogenesis are insufficient in highlighting dynamic brain changes. For this, emerging technologies including genetic sequencing and profiling, and functional neuroimaging techniques are prevailing. Concerning treatment, the current approach focuses on managing symptoms and stopping seizures using antiseizure medications. However, their usage is limited by developing resistance to such drugs. Some therapies show promise, although most antiseizure drugs do not prevent epilepsy.DiscussionUnderstanding epileptogenesis at a molecular and genetic level aids in developing new antiepileptic pharmacotherapy. The aim is to develop therapies that could prevent seizures or modify disease course, decreasing the severity and avoiding drug resistance. Gene therapy and precision medicine are promising but applications are limited due to the heterogeneity in studying the Epileptic brain, dynamically. The dynamic investigation of the epileptic brain with its comorbidities works hand‐in‐hand with precision medicine, in developing personalized treatment plans.
Enhancing care transition performance of community pharmacies in Nigeria
Authors: Bamgboye Adeboye O. , Hassan Ibrahim A. , Fatoye Elijah O. , Ozuluoha Chioma C. , Folami Samson O. , Uwizeyimana Theogene 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCommunity pharmacies (CPs) represent a crucial source of primary care for the Nigerian population. Pharmacists in this setting provide essential primary care services to the public and, when required, facilitate care transitions or referrals for patients to higher levels of care. Given their accessibility and expanding roles in patient care, pharmacists are considered pivotal to meeting the transition of care (TOC) goals, that is, continuity, quality, and safety, especially at the community level. However, CPs in Nigeria face significant systemic and human‐factor barriers that impede their TOC performance, especially with their exclusion from the national care referral framework. Removing these barriers is essential to avoid the health consequences of a breakdown in the TOC system for the patients receiving care at the CPs. This paper discusses the barriers to effective TOC performance of the CPs in Nigeria and offers recommendations to address the deficiencies to improve patient care delivery using an inclusive and collaborative referral model.
Prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity and healthy overweight and the associated factors in southern Iran: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taherifard Erfan , Taherifard Ehsan , Jeddi Marjan , Ahmadkhani Alireza , Kelishadi Roya , Poustchi Hossein , Gandomkar Abdullah , Malekzadeh Fatemeh , Mohammadi Zahra , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsObesity is considered a major growing threat to public health which could negatively affect the quality of life. The current cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the population‐based prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and healthy overweight (MHOW) and associated factors in southern Iran.MethodsBaseline data from the Pars Cohort Study was analyzed. Metabolically healthy participants were identified based on the definition of the American Heart Association for the metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of MHOW and MHO and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Poisson regression was applied for the calculation of prevalence ratios (PRs).ResultsGender‐ and age‐standardized prevalences of MHOW and MHO were 6.3% (6.0%–6.6%) and 2.3% (2.1%–2.5%), respectively. The following factors were associated with being MHOW compared with those with normal weight: Being younger, female gender (1.31, 1.20–1.43), higher socioeconomic status, being noncurrent cigarette smoker (1.27, 1.11–1.45), low level of physical activity (1.14, 1.03–1.25), having normal overweight during adolescence, and overweight (1.35, 1.24–1.48) or obesity (1.68, 1.53–1.86) during young adulthood. We also found strong associations between MHO and younger age groups, female gender (2.87, 2.40–3.42), being married (1.57, 1.08–2.27), Fars ethnicity (1.25, 1.10–1.43), higher socioeconomic status, ever use of tobacco (1.14, 1.00–1.30), never use of opium (1.85, 1.19–2.86), lower physical activity (1.45, 1.20–1.72), being normal weight in 15‐year body pictogram and being overweight (1.87, 1.59–2.20) or obese (3.20, 2.74–3.72) in 30‐year body pictogram when considering those with normal weight or MHO.ConclusionPotentially modifiable factors including physical activity should be more emphasized. Furthermore, our study issued that it would be more reasonable that the prevention of unhealthy obesity be initiated before the development of MHO, where there are more protective factors and they could be more effective.
Unmasking pancreatic cancer: Advanced biomedical imaging for its detection in native versus arterial dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) scans
Authors: Gotta Jennifer , Gruenewald Leon D. , Martin Simon S. , Booz Christian , Eichler Katrin , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Rezazadeh Canan Özdemir , Reschke Philipp , Biciusca Teodora , Juergens Lisa‐Joy , Mader Christoph , Hammerstingl Renate , Sommer Christof M. , Vogl Thomas J. , Koch Vitali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the potential of a machine learning classifier using dual‐ energy computed tomography (DECT) radiomics to differentiate between malignant pancreatic lesions and normal pancreas tissue. A total of 100 patients who underwent third‐generation DECT between November 2018 and October 2022 were included, with 60 patients having pancreatic cancer and 40 normal pancreatic tissue. Radiomics features were extracted from non‐contrast and arterial‐enhanced DECT scans with stepwise feature reduction used to identify relevant features. Thetrained machine learning classifiers achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 0.97 in the arterial‐enhanced model and 0.88 in non‐contrast scans with sensitivities of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Areas under the curve were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92–1.0, p < 0.001) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90–1.0, p < 0.001), respectively with no significant differences between both models (p= 0.52). This approach shows promise in enhancing pancreatic cancer detection and improving patient diagnoses, particulary in specific patient groups.
Chiral separation of terbutaline by supercritical fluid chromatography with peak purity determination by UPLC–MS and modeling for chiral recognition mechanism
Authors: Ali Imran , Alam Syed Dilshad , Raja Rupak , Jain Arvind K , Mustaqeem Mohd , Locatelli Marcello , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y , Yusuf Kareem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTerbutaline is the drug of choice for asthma patients but it exists in racemic mixture. (R)‐(−)‐terbutaline is 200 times more active than (S)‐(+)‐terbutaline yet it is not advisable to prescribe racemic mixture due to certain adverse effects of (S)‐(+)‐terbutaline. Therefore, a fast, effective and reproducible separation method is necessary.RESULTSChiral separation was achieved on Chiralpak‐IE and Chiralpak‐IG columns (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using carbon dioxide‐methanol (CO2‐MeOH, 60:40) with a 0.2% triethylamine mobile phase. The flow was 1.0 mL min−1 with detection at 223 nm using a photodiode array (PDA) detector. The values of retention, separation and resolution factors were in the ranges 1.88–2.38, 1.14–1.26 and 0.91–1.17, respectively; with best separation with Chiralpak‐IE. The tailing factors and number of theoretical plates were in the range of 1.0–1.23 and 487–3699. The purity of the separated peaks was determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS); indicating 100% purity of the peaks. The chiral recognition was determined by modeling with binding affinities −5.0 and −6.0 for S‐ and R‐enantiomers, respectively; indicating S‐enantiomer elution first followed by R‐enantiomers. The major forces responsible for the chiral resolution were hydrogen bonding and π‐π interactions.CONCLUSIONOwing to the great demand for optically active pure drugs and high economic pressure on analytical techniques, the chiral separation of terbutaline was achieved via inexpensive supercritical fluid chromatography. The reported method may be used to prepare optically active pure terbutaline drugs (R‐enantiomers) at a pilot scale. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Plasma lipidomics analysis reveals altered profile of triglycerides and phospholipids in children with Medium‐Chain Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Guerra Inês M. S. , Ferreira Helena B. , Maurício Tatiana , Pinho Marisa , Diogo Luísa , Moreira Sónia , Goracci Laura , Bonciarelli Stefano , Melo Tânia , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário , Moreira Ana S. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMedium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most prevalent mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation disorder. In this study, we assessed the variability of the lipid profile in MCADD by analysing plasma samples obtained from 25 children with metabolically controlled MCADD (following a normal diet with frequent feeding and under l‐carnitine supplementation) and 21 paediatric control subjects (CT). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed for the analysis of esterified fatty acids, while high‐resolution C18‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to analyse lipid species. We identified a total of 251 lipid species belonging to 15 distinct lipid classes. Principal component analysis revealed a clear distinction between the MCADD and CT groups. Univariate analysis demonstrated that 126 lipid species exhibited significant differences between the two groups. The lipid species that displayed the most pronounced variations included triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines containing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically C14:0 and C16:0, which were found to be more abundant in MCADD. The observed changes in the plasma lipidome of children with non‐decompensated MCADD suggest an underlying alteration in lipid metabolism. Therefore, longitudinal monitoring and further in‐depth investigations are warranted to better understand whether such alterations are specific to MCADD children and their potential long‐term impacts.