bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide in patients with chronic hepatitis B exhibiting suboptimal response to entecavir
Authors: Yuan Gui-Cai , Chen Ai-Zhen , Wang Wei-Xin , Yi Xu-Lan , Tu Long , Peng Fang , Qiu Zhi-Hong 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Entecavir (ETV) is a potent and safe antiviral agent for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, some patients may exhibit suboptimal response or resistance to ETV. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a novel tenofovir prodrug with improved pharmacokinetics and reduced renal and bone toxicity compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from ETV to TAF in patients with CHB exhibiting suboptimal response to ETV.
METHODS
A total of 60 patients with CHB who had been treated with ETV for at least 12 mo and had persistent or recurrent viremia [Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA ≥ 20 IU/mL] or partial virologic response (HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL, but detectable) were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to either continue ETV (0.5 mg) daily or switch to TAF (25 mg) daily for 48 wk. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a virologic response (HBV DNA level < 20 IU/mL) at week 48. Secondary endpoints included changes in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and anti-HBe levels, and renal and bone safety parameters.
RESULTS
At week 48, the proportion of patients who achieved a virologic response was significantly higher in the TAF group than in the ETV group (93.3% vs 66.7%, P = 0.012). The mean reduction in HBV DNA from baseline was also significantly greater in the TAF group than in the ETV group (-3.8 vs -2.4 Log10 IU/mL, P < 0.001). The rates of ALT normalization, HBeAg loss, HBeAg seroconversion, and HBsAg loss were not found to significantly differ between the two groups. None of the patients developed genotypic resistance to ETV or TAF. Both drugs were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events or discontinuations caused by adverse events. No significant changes were observed in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine level, or urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in either group. The TAF group had a significantly lower decrease in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip than the ETV group (-0.8% vs -2.1%, P = 0.004; -0.6% vs -1.8%, P = 0.007, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Switching from ETV to TAF is effective and safe for patients with CHB exhibiting a suboptimal response to ETV and may prevent further viral resistance and reduce renal and bone toxicity.
Intra-arterial lipo-prostaglandin E1 infusion for arterial spasm in liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Kim Moonhwan , Lee Hae Won , Yoon Chang Jin , Lee Boram , Jo Yeongsoo , Cho Jai Young , Yoon Yoo-Seok , Lee Jun Suh , Han Ho-Seong 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Hepatic artery obstruction is a critical consideration in graft outcomes after living donor liver transplantation. We report a case of diffuse arterial vasospasm that developed immediately after anastomosis and was managed with an intra-arterial infusion of lipo-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1).
CASE SUMMARY
A 57-year-old male with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma underwent ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplant. The grafted hepatic artery was first anastomosed to the recipient’s right hepatic artery stump. However, the arterial pulse immediately weakened. Although a new anastomosis was performed using the right gastroepiploic artery, the patient’s arterial pulse rate remained poor. We attempted angiographic intervention immediately after the operation; it showed diffuse arterial vasospasms like ‘beads on a string’. We attempted continuous infusion of lipo-PGE1 overnight via an intra-arterial catheter. The next day, arterial flow improved without any spasms or strictures. The patient had no additional arterial complications or related sequelae at the time of writing, 1-year post-liver transplantation.
CONCLUSION
Angiographic evaluation is helpful in cases of repetitive arterial obstruction, and intra-arterial infusion of lipo-PGE1 may be effective in treating diffuse arterial spasms.
Comprehensive treatment of deep frostbite of multiple fingers after trauma: A case report
Authors: Wang Xi-Hua , Li Min , Cheng Yue , Wang Guang-Jian , Lin Guo-Le , Liu Wei-Nan 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
Frostbite is becoming increasingly common in urban environments, and severe cases can lead to tissue loss. The treatment goal is to preserve tissue and function; the sooner appropriate treatment is administered, the more tissue can be saved. However, not every patient with deep frostbite seeks medical care promptly.
CASE SUMMARY
We report the case of a 73-year-old male patient who was lost in the wilderness for 2 d due to trauma and confusion. He experienced deep frostbite on multiple fingers. Treatment should not be discontinued for patients with deep frostbite who present after the optimum treatment timing. Bullae that no longer form (bloody) blisters within 24 h of aspiration should be removed. Mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream has clinical value in frostbite treatment. The patient was transferred to Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital 12 h after being rescued. The patient had contraindications for thrombolysis, the most effective treatment, due to intracranial hemorrhage and presenting past the optimum treatment timing. We devised a comprehensive treatment plan, which involved delayed use vasodilators and high-pressure oxygen therapy at day 49 post-injury. We experimented with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream to treat the frostbite. The aim of the treatment was to safeguard as much tissue as possible. In the end, the fingers that suffered from frostbite were able to be partially preserved.
CONCLUSION
The case indicated that patients with severe frostbite who missed the optimal treatment time and had contraindications for thrombolysis could still partially preserve the affected limbs through comprehensive treatment.
All-optically untangling light propagation through multimode fibers
Authors: Kupianskyi Hlib , Horsley Simon A. R. , Phillips David B. 
Published: December 2023

When light propagates through a complex medium, such as a multimode optical fiber (MMF), the spatial information it carries is scrambled. In this work we experimentally demonstrate anall-opticalstrategy to unscramble this light again. We first create a digital model capturing the way light has been scattered, and then use this model to inverse-design and build a complementary optical system–which we call anoptical inverter–that reverses this scattering process. Our implementation of this concept is based on multi-plane light conversion, and can also be understood as a physical matrix pre-conditioner, or a linear diffractive optical neural network. We present three design strategies allowing different aspects of device performance to be prioritized. We experimentally demonstrate a prototype optical inverter capable of simultaneously unscrambling up to 30 spatial modes that have propagated through a 1 m long MMF, and show how this promises near instantaneous incoherent imaging, without the need for any beam scanning or computational processing. We also demonstrate the reconfigurable nature of this prototype, allowing it to adapt and deliver a new optical transformation if the MMF it is matched to changes configuration. Our work represents a step towards a new way to see through scattering media. Beyond imaging, this concept may also have applications to the fields of optical communications, optical computing and quantum photonics.
Improving the quality of COVID-19 care in Sierra Leone: A modified Delphi process and serial nationwide assessments of quality of COVID-19 care in Sierra Leone
Authors: Youkee Daniel , Lahai Michael , Mansaray Abdul R. , Samura Sorie , Bunn James , Lakoh Sulaiman , Sevalie Stephen 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
Improving the quality of care that patients receive is paramount to improving patient outcomes and engendering trust during infectious disease outbreaks. Whilst Quality Improvement (QI) is well established to drive improvement in routine care and in health systems, there are fewer reports of its use during infectious disease outbreaks.

Methods
A modified Delphi process was undertaken to create a standardized assessment tool for the quality of COVID-19 care in Sierra Leone. Four rounds of assessment were undertaken between July 2020 and July 2021. To assess change across the four assessment periods compared to baseline we used a mixed effects model and report coefficients and p values.

Results
During the Delphi process, 12/14 participants selected the domains to be assessed within the tool. The final 50 questions included 13 outcome questions, 17 process questions and 20 input questions. A total of 94 assessments were undertaken over four assessment periods at 27 facilities. An increase of 8.75 (p = <0.01) in total score was seen in round 2, 10.67 (p = <0.01) in round 3 and 2.17 (p = 0.43) in round 4 compared to baseline. Mean cumulative scores for COVID-19 Treatment Centres were higher than Hospital Isolation Units (p<0.02) at all four timepoints. Significant improvements were reported in coordination, diagnostics, staffing, infection prevention and control (IPC), nutrition, and vulnerable populations domains, but not in the oxygen, care processes, infrastructure and drugs domains.

Conclusion
We demonstrate the feasibility of creating a quality of care assessment tool and conducting sequential nationwide assessments during an infectious disease outbreak. We report significant improvements in quality-of-care scores in round 2 and round 3 compared to baseline, however, these improvements were not sustained. We recommend the use of QI and the creation of standardised assessment tools to improve quality of care during outbreak responses.
Distribution of fungi of the genera Nectria and Neonectria in the southeast of Kazakhstan
Authors: Assylbek A. M. , Rakhimova Y. V. , Kyzmetova L. A. , Sypabekkyzy G. 
Published: December 2023

The article presents data on the distribution of microscopic fungi of the genera Nectria and Neonectria in the territory of the south-east of Kazakhstan, developing as saprotrophs on fallen or dead branches of the host, or as wound parasites. The material for the research was the authors’ own collections on the territory of the Ile Alatau, Dzhungarian Alatau, Kungey Alatau, the Ketmen, Terskey and Altyn-Emel ridges, as well as herbarium specimens stored in the mycological herbarium of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction. 5 species of Nectria and Neonectria were identified, developing on 25 species of feeding plants. Most of the samples are represented by the conidial stage. The most common species is Nectria cinnabarina. Among the most affected species are representatives of the genus Ribes L., as well as the genera Acer L., Betula L., Malus Mill. and Rhamnus L. The maximum number of Nectria and Neonectria species was recorded at an altitude of 1200-1600 m above sea level, which corresponds to the belt of steppes, small-leaved and dark coniferous forests. In the steppe belt, representatives of Nectria and Neonectria are found in floodplain forests and shrubs.
Seasonal photosynthesis and respiration dynamics of Pinus sibirica latitudinal ecotypes: ex situ study
Authors: Bender O. G. 
Published: December 2023

Photosynthesis and respiration are temperature dependent processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how the physiological processes of photosynthesis and respiration will respond to climate change in the future. Seasonal carbon dioxide gas exchange of vegetative scion Siberian stone pine ecotypes (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) of latitudinal transect grown in the scientific station “Kedr” in the south of the Tomsk region were studied. The latitudinal transect was represented by two ecotypes: the southern ecotype (Tomsk) and the northern ecotype (Urengoy). The age of the grafted trees was 26 years. Apparent uptake of CO2 of the southern ecotype began a week earlier than the one of the southern ecotype, when the needle length reached 35 and 40 % of the final length of the southern and southern ecotypes, respectively. Photosynthesis reaches its maximum values when the needle length was 45-52 % of the final length of both ecotypes. The carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the southern ecotype remained high until the second decade of July, then its intensity decreased. Photosynthetic rate of the southern ecotype decreased in early August. In fully developed needles, the photosynthetic intensity between ecotypes did not differ significantly. The dark respiration of both ecotypes was maximum at the beginning of needle growth, then decreased significantly, was almost constant in July, and had minimum values at the end of the growing season. At the initial growth stages the needles of the southern ecotype had high values of dark respiration, which was 2 times higher than that of the southern ecotype. In the growth process by the first ten days of
July, the differences between ecotypes were practically leveled. Subsequently, the dark respiration of the southern ecotype became 2 times higher than that of the southern one, however, it remained low compared to the initial stages of needle growth. The respiration of needle finished growing decreased by 8-10 times. The negative balance between photosynthesis and respiration of both ecotypes maintained until the needle length exceed 40 % and 35 % of the final length in the northern and southern ecotypes, respectively. Positive balance CO2 was observed when the needle length reached 45 % in the northern and 52 % in the southern ecotypes. During the summer months the CO2 balance was significantly higher for the Tomsk ecotype. In September and October the CO2 balance of the northern ecotype became lower than of one the southern one due to increased part of respiration of gas exchange. We believe that the high respiratory intensity of the Siberian stone pine northern ecotype is hereditary, therefore significant respiratory costs will have negative impact the productivity of high latitude plants and their adaptation to climate warming.
VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA E DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Moura Tathiany , Galvão Vivianny , Teixeira Marques Verônica 
Published: December 2023

A qualidade da assistência prestada às mulheres durante o trabalho de parto é preocupação de instituições nacionais e internacionais de saúde, que elaboraram guias para que a assistência seja prestada de forma respeitosa. Essas recomendações, porém, podem não aumentar o nível de informação das mulheres a respeito do tema. Por isso este estudo buscou analisar o entendimento de mulheres sobre violação de direitos humanos e violência obstétrica durante a assistência ao parto. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa utilizando-se formulários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres que tiveram um ou mais filhos por via vaginal ou cesárea. A análise de dados quantitativos foi feita de forma descritiva e a qualitativa na forma de análise de conteúdo. Conclui-se que condutas consideradas como violência obstétrica e violação dos direitos humanos não são percebidas pelas mulheres como tal, pois só foi possível identificar a existência dessas condutas na análise qualitativa.
Gobierno local y dictadura
Authors: Tonon María Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo versa sobre el gobierno de la localidad santafesina de Rafaela, sus políticas públicas y las relaciones que entabló con diferentes sectores vinculados con la última dictadura militar. En este estudio microanalítico, y sobre la base de antecedentes, fuentes escritas y orales, se espera demostrar cómo la administración demoprogresista de la ciudad marcó una continuidad con las gestiones anteriores (centradas en una política de obras, de eficiencia y trasparencia de las cuentas públicas), que redundó en relaciones de negociación y conveniencia con el poder de facto, para garantizar la pervivencia del progreso de la localidad.
Con esta ponencia se intenta contribuir con la comprensión de las políticas públicas de las agencias estatales locales durante el período de la última dictadura militar en un territorio determinado, entendiendo que fueron parte de los espacios privilegiados del Plan Político del régimen dictatorial.
March 2005, Autex Research Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 61-66
Authors: Cisło R. , Krucińska I. , Babeł K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The work presented in this paper concerns an investigation we have carried out into the water retention ability of activated carbon nonwovens manufactured from cellulose fibres. The precursor nonwovens manufactured by the spun-laced method were pyrolysed and carbonised at temperatures of 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C, and next activated at the temperature of 850°C. The kinetic curves of water sorption and the absorption parameters were assessed. The proper(es of the microporous structure of the fibres were determined on the basis of the nitrogen sorption isotherm. The activated nonwovens were characterised by an active internal surface of over 1000 m2/gl. As the result of activaton, the water absorption increased by over 2.5 (mes when compared with the absorption of precursor nonwovens. The tests carried out allowed us to state that water reten(on mainly depends on the physical and the chemical properties of the carbon surface, as well as on the content of great pores in the porous structure of the fibres. In turn, the surface properties depend on the processing temperature.
THE INFLUENCE OF ACID DYES UPON SOME STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL INDICES OF POLYAMIDE FIBRES
Authors: Nedkova Milena , Pavlov Pavel , Pishev Dimitar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The influence of three acid dyes upon some physico-mechanical indices of polyamide multifilament yarn has been studied as a consequence of the structure modifications which occur during the dyeing process. It has been established that, irrespective of the differences in the chemical composition of the dyes, the modifications in the properties of the samples used are quite similar. Some structural characteristics, tenacity and elongation at break, crease resistance and the critical time of dissolution, have been determined. The dependencies of the indices listed on the dye concentration are of a complex character, which reflects the gradual penetration of the dye molecules into the inter-fibrillar and intra-fibrillar amorphous areas of the structure which are different in solidity. The fluctuations in the course of the dependencies in the area of the lowest concentrations are the result of the combined influence of the processes of improvement of the crystal phase and the relaxation phenomena, occurring in the most accessible amorphous areas of the fibrous structure. With the increase in the dye concentration, the so-called .cross-linking effect. starts to appear, as a result of the formation of intermolecular links of the polymer-dye-polymer type, which influence the properties under investigation in a characteristic way. The increase in the dye presence in the substrate provokes the repeated alternation of the above-mentioned phenomena in the thicker amorphous areas of the samples, with a pronounced influence of the .cross-linking effect. in the highest concentrations.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE POSSIBILITY OF OBJECTIVE CHARACTERISATION OF SAILCLOTH
Authors: Vujasinovic E. , Cunko R. , Bezic Z. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Although modern sailcloth materials are extremely complex, a considerable degree of disorder is still present in the evaluation of their quality, and experience is still the most important parameter in assessing a product. For those reasons, precise characterisation and evaluation of modern sailcloth is a topic that requires systematic investigation, both in view of defining relevant characteristics & parameters, and in defining and adapting adequate testing methods and procedures & evaluation of results. The paper presented here is a contribution to the scientific and professional approach to the topic.
ON-LINE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING THICKNESS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL BRAIDED COMPOSITE MATERIAL PREFORMS
Authors: Wan Zhenkai , Li Jialu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an automatic method that can measure the thickness of three-dimensional (3-D) braided composite preforms. The thickness of 3-D braided composite material preform is an important parameter of 3-D braided composites. With the development of 3-D braided composite technology, an automated measurement technology for thickness of braided composite preform has become an importantgoal. The objective of this paper is to present an automatic measuring system. The system we devised consisted of a computer, a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor, an analog-to-digital converter and pulse motor, etc. The measuring principle and results are discussed in the paper. The system was tested on both carbon and glass fibre preforms. We obtained very encouraging results. Experiments showed the pressure and eddy current resistance value are important parameters for measuring the thickness of 3-D braided composite material preforms. The measuring precision is higher when the pressure value ranges from 0.6kg/cm2 to 0.8kg/cm2 and the eddy current resistance is 2kΩ for preforms made of carbon-fibre than of other substances.
TEXTILE PREFORMS FOR DENTAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Poornima Arumugam , Giridev V. R. , Balaji V. R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dentistry has advanced to the use of FRCs, which helps patients to live their lifetime with their dentition intact. A large number of developments in the field of fibrous composite implants and devices for orthopaedic and dental applications have taken place. The present paper discusses the applications of fibre- and textile-reinforced composites in dental practices, mainly focussing on periodontal splinting. The conventional methods of splinting and the design & use of fibre-reinforced composites as restoratives to stabilise and splint teeth have been discussed in detail. The current controversy of incorporating implants in patients requiring splinting is discussed in relation to the various fibres applied as reinforcement for the splinting material.
DEPENDENCE OF YARN AND FABRIC STRENGTH ON THE STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Teli M. D. , Khare A. R. , Chakrabarti Ruma 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Strength of the fabric is an important property that decides and influences all other performance properties of the fabric. But though we all understand the importance of the strength of the fabric in daily wear, a systematic approach is required to correlate various strength properties with that of the yarn and fabric construction parameters. We are all aware of the effect of the individual factors like twist, count and cover factor on the strength behaviour of the fabric. However it is necessary to study the effect of all these parameters in combination with each other to ultimately influence the strength of the fabric. Such a study is also useful for designing of the fabric, depending upon the end use and the customer requirement as it is gaining importance in the recent fierce competitive scenario. In this study we have evaluated the strength properties of the fabric with respect to tensile, tear and bursting strength and correlated the results with respect to the yarn count, Twist Multiplier and picks per inch of the fabric using regression equations.