bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction models of suicide and non‐fatal suicide attempt after discharge from a psychiatric inpatient stay: A machine learning approach on nationwide Danish registers
Authors: Nielsen Sara Dorthea , Christensen Rune H. B. , Madsen Trine , Karstoft Karen‐Inge , Clemmensen Line , Benros Michael E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo develop machine learning models capable of predicting suicide and non‐fatal suicide attempt as separate outcomes in the first 30 days after discharge from a psychiatric inpatient stay.MethodsProspective cohort study using nationwide Danish registry data. We included individuals who were 18 years or older, and all discharges from psychiatric hospitalizations in Denmark from 1995 to 2018. We trained predictive models using 10‐fold cross validation on 80% of the data and did testing on the remaining 20%.ResultsThe best model for predicting non‐fatal suicide attempt was an ensemble of predictions from gradient boosting (XGBoost) and categorical boosting (catBoost). The ROC‐AUC for predicting suicide attempt was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.84–0.85). At a risk threshold of 4.36%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 11.0% and sensitivity was 47.2%. The best model for predicting suicide was an ensemble of predictions from random forest, XGBoost and catBoost. For suicide, the ROC‐AUC was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.70–0.73). At a risk threshold of 0.15%, PPV was 0.34% and sensitivity was 56.0%. The most contributing predictors differed when predicting suicide and suicide attempt, indicating that separate models are needed. The ensemble model was fair across sex and age, and more so than the penalized logistic regression model.ConclusionsWe achieved good performance for predicting suicide attempts and demonstrated a clinical application of ensemble models. Our results indicate a difference in predictive performance for models predicting suicide and suicide attempt, respectively. Thus, we recommend that suicide and suicide attempt are treated as two separate endpoints, in particular for clinical application. We demonstrated that the ensemble model is fairer across sex and age compared with a penalized logistic regression, and therefore we recommend the use of well‐tested ensembles despite a more complex explainability.
Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of areca nut addiction
Authors: Li Moying , Pang Xin , Guo Zitao , Yang Yuliang , Gu Zhenghua , Zhang Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a chewing hobby, areca nut (Areca catechu L.) has become the most common psychoactive substance in the world, besides tobacco, alcohol and caffeinated beverages. Moreover, as a first‐class carcinogen designated by International Agency for Research on Cancer, long‐term chewing areca nut can result in oral mucosal diseases and even oral cancer. To clarify the potential mechanism of areca nut addiction, an integrated strategy of metabolomics and network pharmacology was adopted in this study. Network pharmacology study indicated that all the key targets related to areca nut addiction could be regulated by arecoline and pointed out the importance of G‐protein coupled receptor signalling pathway. Analysis results of mice plasma metabolome and faeces metabolome intervened by arecoline suggested that the component may affect the dopamine system and 5‐HT system by regulating phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and intestinal flora structure. Moreover, the potential importance of bile acids in formation of addictive behaviour of chewing areca nut was investigated by integrative analysis of the relationships between metabolites and intestinal flora. The study can provide scientific basis for the addiction intervention and treatment of areca nut chewers.
A review of the latest developments in rotary NiTi technology and root canal preparation
Authors: Grande NM , Castagnola R , Minciacchi I , Marigo L , Plotino G 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe introduction of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) mechanical instruments dramatically changed clinical endodontics over the last few decades. Before NiTi, it was necessary to use more instruments to create an ideal root canal shape, and many approaches, sequences and techniques were developed over the years. Recently, NiTi endodontic instruments have undergone a series of changes brought about by modifications in design, surface treatments, and thermal treatments to improve their root canal preparation outcomes and reduce associated canal preparation risks during root canal treatment. Heat treatment is one of the most fundamental approaches to improving the fatigue resistance and flexibility of NiTi endodontic instruments. In addition, new kinematics have been developed to offer greater safety and efficiency. This narrative review describes the general properties and manufacturing of NiTi instruments, and the mechanical system evolution of NiTi instruments.
The analgesic effect of transversalis fascia plane block after caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with intrathecal morphine: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Baghirzada L. , Walker A. , Yu H. C. , Endersby R. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryWe aimed to test whether bilateral injection of bupivacaine 0.25% in the transversalis fascia plane reduced 24 h opioid dose after singleton caesarean section, under spinal anaesthesia with intrathecal morphine, compared with saline 0.9% injectate. We allocated randomly 52 women to bilateral injection of 20 ml saline 0.9% on arrival in the post‐anaesthesia care unit and 54 women to bilateral injection of 20 ml bupivacaine 0.25% (with adrenaline 2.5 μg.ml‐1). Mean (SD) cumulative morphine equivalent opioid dose 24 h after saline injection was 32.3 (28.3) mg and 18.7 (20.2) mg after bupivacaine injection, a mean (95%CI) difference of 13.7 (4.1–23.2) mg (p = 0.006). Median (IQR [range]) time to first postoperative opioid dose was 3.0 (1.5–10.3 [0.0–57.4]) h after saline 0.9% and 8.2 (2.7–29.6 [0.2–55.4]) h after bupivacaine 0.25% (p = 0.054). Transversalis fascia plane with bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline reduced postoperative pain at rest during 48 h (0–10‐point scale) by a mean (95%CI) of 0.9 (0.2–1.6) points (p = 0.013) and on movement by 1.2 (0.4–2.1) points (p = 0.004). We conclude that transversalis fascia plane bupivacaine 0.25% with adrenaline reduces pain and opioid dose after caesarean section compared with saline 0.9%.
Recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for benign and malignant rectal tumours: experience of a single New Zealand centre
Authors: Hart Alexander , Clifford Kari , Thompson‐Fawcett Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTransanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is an established technique for the resection of rectal adenomas and selected malignant tumours. It avoids the morbidity of radical resection for tumours not amenable to endoscopic resection. An important marker of quality is the local recurrence rate. The primary objective was to determine local recurrence rates for benign and malignant rectal tumours.MethodsWe identified index TEM excisions of rectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas in patients age 18 and over at Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand, between 2000 and 2020, from a prospective database. Surveillance data were collected via chart review. The primary outcome was recurrence rate for adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Secondary outcomes included time to recurrence, association of recurrence with recognized risk factors, and adverse event rates.ResultsWe identified 100 patients for analysis. Of 75 benign cases, 11 (14.7%) developed local recurrence, with 63.6% identified within 1 year. Of the 25 malignant cases (19 T1, 5 T2, 1 T3), 9 (36%) developed recurrence, with 77.8% identified within 2 years. Adverse events occurred in 26% of patients, with no reoperations or deaths.ConclusionOur adenoma recurrence rate was at the higher end of the reported range of 2.4–16%. Minor complications were common, but not major morbidity. The propensity for rectal tumours to recur commonly and early reinforces the importance of regular standardized endoscopic surveillance.
The association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and postpartum hemorrhage and uterine atony
Authors: Sörsjö Stevenazzi Anna , Pihl Sofia , Blomberg Marie , Axelsson Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPostpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are several known risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage related to pregnancy and delivery, but less evidence of predisposing factors. Recent research has shown that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of cesarean section due to dystocia, based on its effect on striated muscle as well as possible effect on the myometrium. Whether vitamin D deficiency increases the risk for postpartum hemorrhage and especially atonic hemorrhage is unknown.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective translational study. The study population included 1367 women in Sweden and the main exposure was the serum concentration of 25‐hydroxylated vitamin D at time of delivery. The LIASON® 25 OH vitamin D total assay method was used for analyzing 25‐hydroxylated vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum concentration <50 nmol/L and vitamin D deficiency as serum concentrations <25 nmol/L. Primary outcomes were postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage defined as bleeding ≥500 mL and ≥ 1000 mL, respectively 2 h after delivery. Secondary outcome was atonic postpartum hemorrhage. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Three different adjustment methods were used, adjusting for maternal, obstetrical and neonatal confounders.ResultsPostpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage afflicted 31.3% and 6.4% of the women, respectively. Rate of atonic postpartum hemorrhage was 21% in the whole population. Rate of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was 57%. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was neither found to be associated with postpartum hemorrhage, nor with atonic postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionsIn this study, the vitamin D status of women at the time of delivery was not a predictor of postpartum hemorrhage overall or atonic postpartum hemorrhage.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with sickle cell disease: Still to do?
Authors: Peters Christina 
Published: November 2023

Sickle cell disease affects the whole body through acute and chronic organ damage and results in significant physical and neurological constraints. The report by Cseh et al. demonstrates in a retrospective multinational study that allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA‐identical siblings using a contemporary conditioning regimen is safe and effective in more than 96% of patients.Commentary on: Cseh et al. Busulfan–fludarabine‐ or treosulfan–fludarabine‐based conditioning before allogeneic HSCT from matched sibling donors in paediatric patients with sickle cell disease: A study on behalf of the EBMT Paediatric Diseases and Inborn Errors Working Parties. Br J Haematol 2024;204:e1‐e5. [Correction added on 23 November 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the article title and doi have been updated in this version.]
Assessing the US treatment landscape for paediatric feeding disorder: A survey of multidisciplinary providers
Authors: Sharp William G. , Estrem Hayley H. , Romeo Cuyler , Pederson Jaclyn , Proctor Kaitlin B. , Gillespie Scott , Du Chenxi , Marshall Jeanne , Raol Nikhila 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric feeding disorder (PFD) is a common childhood condition, estimated to impact one in 37 American children under the age of five. Such high prevalence occurs against a backdrop of limited understanding of the community treatment landscape in the United States.MethodTo better understand the community treatment landscape for PFD in the United States and identify provider and treatment delivery characteristics, we collected primary data through a web‐based survey targeting providers from all four PFD domains (i.e., medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and/or psychosocial) between January 2022 and March 2022. The 71‐item cross sectional survey focussed on patient, provider and treatment characteristics. We distributed the survey using an electronic survey tool through Feeding Matters listserv followed by solicitation to discipline specific listservs and professional networks. The analytic approach involved descriptive statistics compared across settings and provider types, focussing on respondents within the United States.ResultsEighty‐three percent of respondents reported practicing in the United States. Most of the US sample (74.3%) involved providers from the feeding skill domain (speech‐language pathologist – SLP, occupational therapist – OT) who reported delivering care through early intervention or outpatient settings using responsive and sensory based approaches. These approaches lack rigorous empirical evaluation.ConclusionsSurvey results suggest a need to support community providers in engagement with research activity to promote a better understanding of treatment approaches and outcomes associated with a large cohort of providers delivering care (i.e. SLPs, OTs) to patients with PFD.
Neural Impostor: Editing Neural Radiance Fields with Explicit Shape Manipulation
Authors: Liu Ruiyang , Xiang Jinxu , Zhao Bowen , Zhang Ran , Yu Jingyi , Zheng Changxi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have significantly advanced the generation of highly realistic and expressive 3D scenes. However, the task of editing NeRF, particularly in terms of geometry modification, poses a significant challenge. This issue has obstructed NeRF's wider adoption across various applications. To tackle the problem of efficiently editing neural implicit fields, we introduceNeural Impostor, a hybrid representation incorporating an explicit tetrahedral mesh alongside a multigrid implicit field designated for each tetrahedron within the explicit mesh. Our framework bridges the explicit shape manipulation and the geometric editing of implicit fields by utilizing multigrid barycentric coordinate encoding, thus offering a pragmatic solution to deform, composite, and generate neural implicit fields while maintaining a complex volumetric appearance. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive pipeline for editing neural implicit fields based on a set of explicit geometric editing operations. We show the robustness and adaptability of our system through diverse examples and experiments, including the editing of both synthetic objects and real captured data. Finally, we demonstrate the authoring process of a hybrid synthetic‐captured object utilizing a variety of editing operations, underlining the transformative potential ofNeural Impostorin the field of 3D content creation and manipulation.
Ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molar sockets with and without primary wound closure: A comparative controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wei Yiping , Zhao Liping , Zhang Haoyun , Han Ziyao , Hu Wenjie , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare hard‐ and soft‐tissue changes after ridge preservation in periodontally compromised molar sockets with and without primary wound closure.Materials and MethodsForty molars with severe periodontitis requiring extraction were included and allocated to two treatment modalities. After tooth extraction, the sockets were filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral and covered with a bioabsorbable porcine collagen membrane. Primary wound closure was achieved in the control group, whereas the test group underwent minimally invasive open healing. The dimensions of the bone and soft tissue were recorded at baseline and 6 months.ResultsOver 6 months, the control and test groups had similar mean ridge heights at the center of sockets of 8.59 ± 2.47 mm and 8.47 ± 2.51 mm, respectively. The total volume of the control group increased from 1070.17 to 1713.52 mm3 for a mean gain of 643.35 mm3, whereas that of the test group increased from 992.51 to 1514.05 mm3 for a mean gain of 521.54 mm3. Compared with the test group, the control group showed a statistically significant decrease in keratinized tissue width of 1.08 ± 1.63 mm.ConclusionsBone dimensional changes following ridge preservation with and without primary wound closure were comparable. ARP without primary wound closure preserves more keratinized tissue than that with (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR‐ONN‐16009433).
Combinatorial genetic strategies for dissecting cell lineages, cell types, and gene function in the mouse brain
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Xue , Gong Ling , He Miao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch in neuroscience has greatly benefited from the development of genetic approaches that enable lineage tracing, cell type targeting, and conditional gene regulation. Recent advances in combinatorial strategies, which integrate multiple cellular features, have significantly enhanced the spatiotemporal precision and flexibility of these manipulations. In this minireview, we introduce the concept and design of these strategies and provide a few examples of their application in genetic fate mapping, cell type targeting, and reversible conditional gene regulation. These advancements have facilitated in‐depth investigation into the developmental principles underlying the assembly of brain circuits, granting experimental access to highly specific cell lineages and subtypes, as well as offering valuable new tools for modeling and studying neurological diseases. Additionally, we discuss future directions aimed at expanding and improving the existing genetic toolkit for a better understanding of the development, structure, and function of healthy and diseased brains.
Life‐history parameters of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, are affected by host plant salinity stress
Authors: Rad Fatemeh , Aleosfoor Maryam , Fekrat Lida , Minaei Kambiz , Etemadi Mohammad , Afsharifar Ali Reza , Eshghi Saeid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSalinization, as one of the foremost abiotic stresses, is an intensifying problem in many agroecosystems. Climatic changes, along with altering land use and also salinity of irrigation water all lead to enhanced soil salinity in agricultural lands. Changes in plant characteristics, as a result of raising soil salinity, may impose bottom‐up impact on plant‐feeding insects. We assessed the bottom‐up impact of salinity stress on demographic traits of the western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cherry tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Solanaceae) plants under greenhouse conditions (27 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% r.h., and L16:D8 photoperiod). Our results indicated that salinity stress interfered with the immature development period, adult longevity, and sex ratio of WFT. Salinity stress biased the sex ratio in favor of males. Significant concentration‐dependent differences were observed in the intrinsic (r) and finite (λ) increase rates and the net reproduction rate (R0) of WFT at different salinity levels. Salinity adversely influenced WFT development; nonetheless, population projection forecasted an ascending WFT population growth under moderate salinity stress of 100 mM (2.8 dS m−1 of NaCl), whereas severe salinity stress of 150 mM (4.7 dS m−1 of NaCl) resulted in remarkable fitness costs in WFT. This study demonstrates that WFT has the potential to become problematic in regions with moderate salinity. Therefore, it might exacerbate the detrimental impact of salinity on tomato production. The current survey provides information on the abundance of WFT on saline‐stressed tomato plants, thereby contributing to developing environmentally friendly measures to manage this notorious species in ecosystems under salinity stress.
Exploring causal association between circulating inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following ischemic stroke: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Huacong , Liu Zhaoxing , Huang Yumeng , Ding Qian , Lai Zhenyi , Cai Xiaowen , Huang Shengtao , Yin Lianjun , Zheng Xiaoyan , Huang Yong , Chen Junqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesPrevious observational studies have indicated correlations between various inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following ischemic stroke (IS); however, the causality remains unclear. We aimed to further evaluate the causal association between 41 circulating inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following IS.MethodsTwo‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used in this study. The genetic variation of 41 circulating inflammatory cytokines were derived from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry (n = 8293). The corresponding genetic association of functional outcomes following IS were derived from European ancestry GWAS data (n = 6021).ResultsInverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis showed that genetically predicted increased levels of regulation and activation in normal T‐cell expression and secretion factor (RANTES/CCL5) and eosinophilic chemotactic factor (EOTAXIN/CCL11) were positively correlated with the increased adverse functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS≥3] following IS (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.002–1.96, p = 0.049; OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15–1.54, p = 0.0001). Interleukin 18 (IL‐18) level might be the downstream consequence of adverse functional outcomes following IS (β: −0.09, p = 0.039). Other inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following IS did not appear to be causally related.ConclusionsThis study suggests a causality between inflammation and adverse functional outcomes following IS. RANTES (CCL5) and EOTAXIN (CCL11) may be the upstream factors of adverse functional outcomes following IS, while IL‐18 may be the downstream effect of adverse functional outcomes following IS. Whether these cytokines can be used to predict or improve adverse functional outcomes after IS requires further researches.
Climate warming and sea turtle sex ratios across the globe
Authors: Laloë Jacques‐Olivier , Schofield Gail , Hays Graeme C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate warming and the feminization of populations due to temperature‐dependent sex determination may threaten sea turtles with extinction. To identify sites of heightened risk, we examined sex ratio data and patterns of climate change over multiple decades for 64 nesting sites spread across the globe. Over the last 62 years the mean change in air temperature was 0.85°C per century (SD = 0.65°C, range = −0.53 to +2.5°C, n = 64 nesting sites). Temperatures increased at 40 of the 64 study sites. Female‐skewed hatchling or juvenile sex ratios occurred at 57 of the 64 sites, with skews >90% female at 17 sites. We did not uncover a relationship between the extent of warming and sex ratio (r62 = −0.03, p = .802, n = 64 nesting sites). Hence, our results suggest that female‐hatchling sex ratio skews are not simply a consequence of recent warming but have likely persisted at some sites for many decades. So other factors aside from recent warming must drive these variations in sex ratios across nesting sites, such as variations in nesting behaviour (e.g. nest depth), substrate (e.g. sand albedo), shading available and rainfall patterns. While overall across sites recent warming is not linked to hatchling sex ratio, at some sites there is both is a high female skew and high warming, such as Raine Island (Australia; 99% female green turtles; 1.27°C warming per century), nesting beaches in Cyprus (97.1% female green turtles; 1.68°C warming per century) and in the Dutch Caribbean (St Eustatius; 91.5% female leatherback turtles; 1.15°C warming per century). These may be among the first sites where management intervention is needed to increase male production. Continued monitoring of sand temperatures and sex ratios are recommended to help identify when high incubation temperatures threaten population viability.