bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternating π‐conjugated block copolymers with precise block length
Authors: Schappel Jörg , Schmidt Kathrin , Klemm Elisabeth 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA Sonogashira polycondensation reaction has been used to synthesize copolymers consisting of alternating oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) with a precise block length as an electron‐rich component and 1,4‐bis(2‐phenylene‐2‐cyanovinylene)benzene or 2,6‐bis(2‐pyridinylene‐ethynylene)pyridine as an electron‐poor component. The copolymers differ in the length of the phenyleneethynylene block (trimer or pentamer) and the content of the electron‐poor component. The length of the phenyleneethynylene block has no influence on the maximum wavelength. The electron‐poor cyano‐block component lowers the optical band‐gap energy of the copolymers. The value is equivalent to that of poly(cyano‐phenylenevinylene) (CN‐PPV) (2.3–2.4 eV). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3574–3587, 2005
Design of improved protein inhibitors of HIV‐1 cell entry: Optimization of electrostatic interactions at the binding interface
Authors: Green David F. , Tidor Bruce 
Published: July 2005

AbstractContinuum electrostatic methods are a powerful tool for the analysis and design of biomolecular complexes, with methodologies that allow for the detailed analysis of the electrostatic contributions to binding affinities and procedures for computing the properties of electrostatically optimal ligands. We have applied these methods to the design of improved inhibitors of HIV‐1 cell entry. HIV infection of a cell requires viral–cell membrane fusion, an event partially driven by a large‐scale conformational change in the viral membrane glycoprotein gp41. This transformation involves the docking of a helix from the C‐terminal region of three gp41 chains against a pre‐formed trimeric‐coiled coil; several protein constructs that inhibit membrane fusion act by binding to an isolated C‐terminal helix and blocking the formation of the fusogenic structure. A detailed analysis of the electrostatic contributions to the binding of one such inhibitor (5‐Helix) to a C‐terminal helix was performed using the X‐ray crystal structure of the core of the HIV‐1 gp41 ectodomain as a structural model, and several residues on 5‐Helix that make substantial contributions to binding, both favorable and unfavorable, were identified. An electrostatic affinity optimization methodology was applied to the side chains of 5‐Helix, with the results showing that significant improvements in binding affinity are possible if the electrostatic contributions to the binding free energy are optimized. Several mutations accessible by experimental methods are suggested, with calculated improvements in binding affinity of as much as 500‐fold and greater. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) Cel7A as a molecular machine: A docking study
Authors: Mulakala Chandrika , Reilly Peter J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHypocrea jecorina (formerly Trichoderma reesei) Cel7A has a catalytic domain (CD) and a cellulose‐binding domain (CBD) separated by a highly glycosylated linker. Very little is known of how the 2 domains interact to degrade crystalline cellulose. Based on the interaction energies and forces on cello‐oligosaccharides computationally docked to the CD and CBD, we propose a molecular machine model, where the CBD wedges itself under a free chain end on the crystalline cellulose surface and feeds it to the CD active site tunnel. Enzyme–substrate interactions produce the forces required to pull cellulose chains from the surface and also to help the enzyme move on the cellulose chain for processive hydrolysis. The energy to generate these forces is ultimately derived from the chemical energy of glycosidic bond breakage. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zn2SiO4‐coated microparticles with biologically‐controlled 3D shapes
Authors: Cai Ye , Sandhage Kenneth H. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of zinc silicate‐coated microparticles with well‐controlled three‐dimensional (3D) shapes, via chemical modification of the surfaces of diatom microshells, is demonstrated. ZnO nanoparticle‐based coatings were first applied by exposing the microshells to a zinc acetate‐bearing solution and then firing at 700 °C. The ZnO nanoparticles were then allowed to react with the underlying SiO2 micro‐shells at 1050 °C. Thin (submicron), compact, and continuous Zn2SiO4 coatings were generated that conformed to the microshell surfaces. The Zn2SiO4‐coated microparticles retained the starting 3D microshell shape. Given the wide range of microshell shapes available among different species of diatoms (or other SiO2‐forming organisms), this simple and scalable microshell coating method may be used to synthesize functional microparticles with a variety of well‐controlled 3D shapes and tailored silicate chemistries. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron microscopy investigation of structural transformations in tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films
Authors: Ramana C. V. , Utsunomiya S. , Ewing R. C. , Julien C. M. , Becker U. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe phase transformations in tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films have been investigated in the temperature range of 30–500 °C using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) measurements. The results indicate that the phase transitions in WO3 thin films occur in sequence exhibiting various crystal phases above room temperature in the order: monoclinic → orthorhombic → hexagonal. The crystallographic distortions and tilting of the WO6 octahedra are responsible for the phase transitions and significantly affect the electronic properties and, hence, the device applications of WO3. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adolescent mental health literacy: Young people's knowledge of depression and help seeking
Authors: Burns John R. , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTThis study examined the mental health literacy of a group of adolescents, with particular reference to their ability to recognize symptoms of depression in their peers. Respondents were 202 Australian adolescents (122 males, 80 females) aged 15–17 years. Their mental health literacy was examined through a questionnaire that presented them with five scenarios of young people. Respondents showed a mixed ability to correctly recognize and label depression, although they were able to differentiate depressed and non‐depressed scenarios in terms of severity and expected recovery time. Results are discussed in light of findings from adult mental health literacy and clinical implications.
Brief report: Young people at risk for eating disorders in Southeast Brazil
Authors: Moya Tatiana , Fleitlich‐Bilyk Bacy , Goodman Robert 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTA representative sample of 7–14‐year‐old young people in southeast Brazil was assessed using standardized parent and youth interviews, thereby identifying an ‘at‐risk’ group of young people who met one or more DSM‐IV criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia nervosa. These young people were compared with an age and gender matched comparison group for body mass index (BMI) and socio‐economic status (SES). The prevalence of young people at risk for eating disorders was 1.4% (higher in females and rising with age). ‘At‐risk’ individuals did not differ from controls in BMI but were of higher SES. In Brazil, the link between symptoms of eating disorders and higher SES is not just a referral artefact but is evident in a representative community sample. This might reflect a stronger preference for thinness among more westernized social groups.
Commercialization of plant-based vaccines from research and development to manufacturing
Authors: Howard John A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe benefits of using plant-based oral vaccines are discussed. Transgenic maize expressing an antigen of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is reported as a model to demonstrate efficacy. Young pigs that were fed the TGEV corn orally were protected against challenge with virulent TGEV. Additional parameters important in providing a reliable and consistent supply of plant-based vaccines are discussed. Finally, vaccines developed in maize are evaluated for their potential to contaminate either the food supply or the environment.
Development of a medical digital library managing multiple collections
Authors: Nikolaidou Mara , Anagnostopoulos Dimosthenis , Hatzopoulos Michael 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to present the authors' efforts towards the development of a digital library environment supporting research at the Medical School of Athens University, Greece.Design/methodology/approachThe digital library facilitates access to medical material produced by laboratories for both research and educational purposes. As the material produced varies (regarding its type and structure) and the search requirements imposed by potential users differ, each laboratory develops its own collection. All collections must be bilingual, supporting both Greek and English. Extended requirements were imposed regarding the services offered by the digital library environment, due to the following reasons: end‐users actively participate in the cataloguing workflow; cataloguers should be able to create and manage multiple collections in a simplified manner; and different search requirements must be supported for different user groups. To formulate and then deal with these requirements, the authors introduced the term “dynamic collection management” denoting automated collection definition and unified collection management within an integrated digital library environment. Digital library components providing the desired functionality and the interaction between them are described. System performance, especially during collection search, and bilingual support are also explored.FindingsFinds that Athens Medical School Digital Library facilitates access to medical material to researchers and students for both research and educational purposes.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information on a digital library environment which supports research.
The impact of linear algebra on QFD
Authors: Fehlmann Thomas M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper introduces a new method to calculate a QFD matrix.Design/methodology/approachOne of the most prominent tools in QFD is the matrix. Matrices represent cause‐effect relationships. Matrices are well‐known in mathematics for representing linear mappings between vector spaces. Vectors, the elements of a vector space, represent the customer's needs profile or a product profile. Linear mappings define relationships between vector spaces. QFD matrices are constructed from cause‐effect relationships. Thus, they represent a linear mapping from the solution space (technical requirements, or “hows” in a house of quality) into the goal space (customer needs or “whats”).FindingsA solution for a QFD matrix (e.g. a set of technical requirements) is an optimum profile that best approximates the goal topics (e.g. customer needs). The traditional way of calculating solution profiles from a QFD matrix is the first step but does not yield the optimum solution. The convergence factor is the natural metric for optimization. Moreover, one can also use the cause‐effect matrices to translate measurements. Thus one can compare planned goal profiles with actual outcome.Originality/valueThe new mathematical approach to QFD was presented at the QFD Conference in Orlando, Florida in 2003, but has not yet been published in an international journal.
Auditing standards in Poland: past, present and future
Authors: Brody Richard G. , Moscove Stephen , Wnek Robert 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo describe and discuss historical, current and possible future auditing standards and related issues in Poland so that investors, auditors and others are aware of the specific needs and limitations facing the country.Design/methodology/approachThe accounting and auditing history of Poland is provided as background information and then more recent developments since the fall of Communism to the present day are discussed to demonstrate that progress has been made. Future needs are outlined and various suggestions are made.FindingsProvides specific details as to the current state of the auditing standards in Poland as they relate to the standards in other countries. Recognizes the need for time to make improvements but highlights areas of critical importance.Practical implicationsA comprehensive analysis of the state of auditing standards in Poland. Useful for academics and others who might have a desire to participate/assist in the development of new standards. Provides perspective with respect to the development of these standards in an emerging capital market country.Originality/valueThis paper provides information that is not well‐disseminated and offers practical advice to those dealing with Polish companies, including auditors and financial statement users. The material is of interest to practitioners, academics and students.
Real‐option valuation of research and development investments
Authors: Herath Hemantha S.B. , Bremser Wayne G. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to promote an integrated performance measurement system.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on R&D performance measurement identifies the need for an integrated performance measurement system for strategy implementation. Develops a theoretical framework for R&D performance measures, incorporating real options to define strategic net present value, which values the plan to make R&D investments.FindingsReal options techniques can be used to value managers' options to shelter investments from adverse effects and exploit upside potential. The shift in valuation paradigms from a naïve net present value model to active risk management implicit in real options requires performance measures that reflect real option value and defines strategic value created (SVC), which is based on residual income concepts. Since residual income is known to be superior to ROI in motivating goal congruence, infers that SVC has similar advantages.Originality/valueIllustrates how SVC would be used as a performance measure for a new drug in the commercialization stage, considers several relevant questions and discusses how SVC could be used in a firm's balanced scorecard.
Italian Universities for Open Access: Towards Open Access for Scholarly Literature: Report of the Messina Workshop
Authors: Comba Valentina 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo report on the Open Access workshop held in Messina, Italy, November 2004.Design/methodology/approachA summary of the main points of the workshop.FindingsThere is recognition of a growing awareness about e‐publishing changes and the new economic models which may provide more impact for research papers, providing a viable (and less expensive) solution for the information provision to authors and readers.Originality/valueA useful summary of a workshop of interest to those concerned with information management.
Virtual Reference Desk 2004
Authors: Hill J.B. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo report on the 6th Virtual Reference Desk (VRD) 2004 Conference held in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 2004.Design/methodology/approachThe VRD Conference is a two day meeting, organized annually by the Information Institute of Syracuse University, that focuses on the latest reference trends. The report is prepared by a library professional.FindingsThe conference was divided into the following tracks: Management, General, Evaluation/Standards, Technology, Resources, Research/Policy and Vendor Demonstrations. Generally there were six simultaneous sessions. The report includes sessions primarily from the Management and Evaluation/Standards tracks.Originality/valueA brief conference report of interest to library and information management professionals.
Serving Maps of Public Library Customer Data over the Internet (www.geolib.org/PLGDB.cfm)
Authors: Koontz Christine M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to provide the reasons why cartographic and spatial information have become increasingly important in different library settings.Design/methodology/approachPresents very clear insights about the reasons cartographic and spatial information have become increasingly important and valuable in many different library settings.FindingsLess intimidating than in the past, with better tools available to help libraries serve users with online maps, data, and cartographic information this article focuses on how the Public Library Geographic Database can provide a range of utility. Not often is the public library included as a source of GIS, but the ease of use supports this direction well and offers a new service point with www.GeoLib.org Originality/value – This paper is useful for information management professionals who seek greater understanding of geographic information systems in information management work.
CNI Task Force Meeting: A Summary Report
Authors: Riggs Colby 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo provide an overview of the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Task Force Meeting, held in Portland, Oregon, December 2004.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive review of the main points from the meeting.FindingsParticipants were offered a rich and diverse set of presentations that advanced and reported on CNI’s programs, showcase projects and issues from Task Force member institutions, and highlighted key activities in the broader field of networked information.Originality/valueThis paper is a useful summary of a conference of interest to library and information management professionals.
NOKS: A Searchable Cultural and Historical Database from Denmark: An ALM Project (Archive‐Library‐Museum)
Authors: Hedegaard Ruth , Hellum Asboern , Topholm Jens 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe aim is to describe and discuss a searchable database on the internet that gives the possibility of searching simultaneously in the collections of three different types of heritage institutions, archives, libraries and museums.Design/methodology/approachProvides a description of the setting up of OKS in Denmark, a project which started in 2001.FindingsThe first edition of the database includes the digital catalogue records of these institutions, with 115,000 records, 8,000 of them with photos attached and including items such as printed material, books, leaflets, articles, newspapers and clippings, archives, sound records, films, videos, museum artefacts, among other elements. The records from the different institutions have been collected from the special databases of the three types of institutions and imported into one common database freely available on the internet. At the same time the creation of NOKS has shown the importance of developing standards in the field of cultural history.Practical implicationsA new update is now in progress with several improvements and alterations, the most important being the decision to use Dublin Core as the basic structure.Originality/valueThis article is a useful report of a project of interest to information management professionals and others interested or involved with cultural history.
Short Overview of a Pan‐European Cultural Heritage Project, CALIMERA
Authors: Faletar Sanjica 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo provide an overview of CALIMERA (Cultural Applications: Local Institutions Mediating Electronic Resources Access), a Coordination Action under the European Union’s Information Society Technologies Framework Programme 6 – IST FP6.Design/methodology/approachA summary of the main points and objectives of the programme.FindingsThe goal of CALIMERA is to assist local cultural institutions – public libraries, museums and archives – to apply and develop innovative technologies and joint strategies for serving ordinary citizens in their everyday lives. The CALIMERA partner network involves directly 52 organisations from 42 European and neighbouring countries, including local and municipal public libraries, museums and archives, national authorities, research institutions and solutions providers. The 18 month Coordination Action which started in December 2003 builds upon the achievements of another EU project, PULMAN Network of Excellence (Public Libraries Mobilising Advanced Networks).Originality/valueThis is a useful summary of a European programme of interest to all those involved iwth information management.
Internet Use at the Balme Library, University of Ghana
Authors: Alemna A. , Adanu T. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to summarise a study of the extent of use of the internet and its services at a library in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThis is a descriptive summary. The study, which was undertaken within a one‐month period, was at the Balme Library, University of Ghana.FindingsThe findings indicate that among the services, e‐mail is the highest used, followed by the use for research. The least use of the internet was for e‐mail/browsing.Originality/valueThis is of interest to library and information management professionals, particularly those interested in information work in Africa.
Annual Conference of the Nigerian Library Association, Delta State Chapter
Authors: Uzezi Otolo Patience 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo provide a report of the 2004 Annual Conference of the Nigeria Library Association Delta State Chapter.Design/methodology/approachA brief report of the conference held at the Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro, Delta State in November 2004, with the theme “Libraries: Tools for Education and Development.”FindingsThe Conference had over 150 participants from different libraries all over the State. The focus was on education and development, ICT and new roles for libraries. This regular annual conference is aimed at giving reports, the activities of the association for the past one‐year, deliberations on the activity of the association in the State.Originality/valueProvides a useful summary of a conference of interest to library and information management professionals.
American Library Association: 2005 Midwinter Meeting Highlights
Authors: Riggs Colby , Han Yan , Gelfand Julia 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to provide highlights from the American Library Association (ALA) 2005 Midwinter meeting.Design/methodology/approachProvides a brief report of the meeting held in Boston, MA. in January 2005.FindingsOutlines how the Public Library Association (PLA) debuted blogging at this meeting and provides a summary of the ever popular ALA Technology Showcase – the highlights of which included shared networks, library data mining and audio archives. Concludes with highlights from various Library and Information Technology Association (LITA) meetings and discussions and a detailed report on the Standards Interest Group.Originality/valueA report of interest to library and information management professionals.
Tech Ed Annual Conference
Authors: Gelfand Julia , Mondschein Henry 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo report to the 2005 annual TechEd Conference held in Pasadena, California. Design/methodology/approach Introduction and description of conference overview and specific sessions.FindingsTechnology is driving changes in instructional technology in high school, community college and undergraduate education.ValueInstitutions that are offering distance education as a platform for expanding curriculum reforms and reaching out to students in creative ways are finding that technology reform and products are shaping new ways to teach and integrate information sources.Practical implicationsMany case studies and presentations were made about different applications and introduced a range of products. Not always library focused but about teaching, learning, administration and related applications.