bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Applications of Benzothienobenzofurans: A Review
Authors: Krishnan R. Akhil , S. K. Nandana , Hopf Henning , John Jubi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHeteroacenes are considered as an important class of compounds for material applications due to their stability, electron‐richness and tunable properties. Mostly, four ring containing heteroacenes have found immense applications in organic electronic devices and some of them have been successfully commercialized. One such class of heteroacene are benzothienobenzofuran for which four different isomers are reported to date based on the position where the benzothiophene unit is fused to the benzofuran ring. The available literature claims different synthetic strategies towards the benzothienobenzofurans starting from multistep synthesis to tandem transformations, electrochemical synthesis and annulations. Different metal catalyzed transformations including Pd‐catalyzed dual C−H activations, Ullmann coupling, dual metal‐catalyzed one‐pot processes etc. are reported for the synthesis of different isomers of benzothienobenzofurans. The present review analyses all the synthetic methodologies reported for the preparation of the four isomers and examines the generality of each method by highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. We discuss all available mechanisms of the reactions for the benefit of the readers. Finally, the existing basic photophysical properties of benzothienobenzofurans and their limited applications in fabricating devices for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), organic field‐effect transistor (OFET), and organic phototransistor (OPT) uses are deliberated
The role of valuing cultural diversity in children's endorsements of rights
Authors: Ozeto Nana‐Fatima T. , Russell Pascale Sophie , Barrett Martyn , Ingoglia Sonia , Wiium Nora , La Coco Alida , Inguglia Cristiano , Liga Francesca , Cricchio Maria Grazia Lo , Iannello Nicolò Maria , Tenenbaum Harriet R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSupport for children's rights is greater among children raised in democratic environments. The present two studies examined children's endorsements and predictors of children's rights. Five democratic competences taken from the Council of Europe's Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture served as predictors. We tested the models in a sample of children raised in five European countries and a sample raised in an African country, seeking to extend our model beyond the Global North. In Study 1, we found four of these five competences, namely, higher valuing of cultural diversity, civic‐mindedness, cultural openness and empathy significantly predicted higher endorsements of rights in children from Bulgaria, Italy, Norway, Romania and Spain (7–11‐year‐olds; N = 292). In Study 2, we found higher valuing of cultural diversity significantly predicted higher endorsements of rights in Nigerian children (7–14‐year‐olds; N = 84). Supporting Social Cognitive Domain Theory, children in both studies endorsed nurturance rights more than self‐determination rights. Inclusion of children from the Global North and South enabled us to determine whether patterns of rights endorsements were similar for children from both samples. Overall, this research presents novel findings on the salience of valuing cultural diversity in support for children's rights.
Impact of pretreatment body mass index on the survival of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Yang Zheng , Mansour Jobran , Sun Peng , Wei Peng , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Zafereo Mark , Li Guojun , Gross Neil D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in pretreatment body mass index (BMI) have been associated with survival in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). We examined effects of BMI on survival in SCCHN patients after stratifying patients by tumor human papillomavirus (HPV) status and subsite.MethodsTotally 2204 SCCHN patients in a prospective study were included in this secondary analysis. Multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate associations between pretreatment BMI and overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and disease‐free survival.ResultsBMI was significantly higher among patients with HPV‐positive tumors than HPV‐negative tumors. BMI >25 kg/m2 was associated with improved survival, while BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was associated with reduced survival, particularly in patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer tumors.ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis suggests that pretreatment BMI could be an independent prognostic factor of survival outcomes in SCCHN patients, particularly in patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer tumors. Further prospective investigations are warranted.
Clinician perspectives on hysterectomy versus uterine preservation in pelvic organ prolapse surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Porcari Irene , Zorzato Pier Carlo , Bosco Mariachiara , Garzon Simone , Magni Francesca , Salvatore Stefano , Franchi Massimo P. , Uccella Stefano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reviews on hysterectomy versus uterine‐sparing surgery in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair did not consider that the open abdominal approach or transvaginal mesh use have been largely abandoned.ObjectivesTo provide up‐to‐date evidence by examining only studies investigating techniques currently in use for POP repair.Search StrategyMEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception to January 2023.Selection CriteriaWe included randomized and non‐randomized studies comparing surgical procedures for POP with or without concomitant hysterectomy. Studies describing open abdominal approaches or transvaginal mesh implantation were excluded.Data Collection and AnalysisA random effect meta‐analysis was conducted on extracted data reporting pooled mean differences and odds ratios (OR) between groups with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Main ResultsThirty‐eight studies were included. Hysterectomy and uterine‐sparing procedures did not differ in reoperation rate (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.74–1.17), intraoperative major (OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.79–2.26) and minor (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.79–2.4) complications, postoperative major (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.85–2.37) and minor (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.9–1.53) complications, and objective (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.92–2.07) or subjective (OR 1.23; 95% CI 0.8–1.88) success. Uterine preservation was associated with a shorter operative time (−22.7 min; 95% CI –16.92 to −28.51 min), shorter hospital stay (−0.35 days, 95% CI –0.04 to −0.65 days), and less blood loss (−61.7 mL; 95% CI –31.3 to −92.1 mL). When only studies using a laparoscopic approach for both arms were considered, no differences were observed in investigated outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionsNo major differences were observed in POP outcomes between procedures with and without concomitant hysterectomy. The decision to preserve or remove the uterus should be tailored on individual factors.
Bipolar disorder and cumulative trauma: A systematic review of prevalence and illness outcomes
Authors: Rowe Amy‐Leigh , Perich Tania , Meade Tanya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe experience of cumulative trauma may be common in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is not frequently reported as most studies focus on childhood trauma without examining differences in the amount of trauma experienced. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of lifetime cumulative trauma in BD as well as explore associated illness outcomes.MethodsA systematic review was completed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Both the prevalence and outcomes of cumulative trauma in BD were assessed. Five electronic databases were searched (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PTSD Pubs) for records from January 2010 until December 2022.ResultsA total of 20 studies, with 9304 participants were included in the narrative synthesis. At least one‐third of BD participants had experienced cumulative trauma, with a prevalence range from 29% to 82%. The main outcomes associated with a history of cumulative trauma were earlier age of onset, longer episode duration, more lifetime mood episodes, greater likelihood of experiencing psychotic features, and higher likelihood of past suicide attempts.LimitationsThis review has been limited by the lack of studies directly assessing cumulative trauma in BD.ConclusionsCumulative trauma is prevalent in BD. Preliminary evidence indicates an association with a range of adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for clinicians to obtain a detailed trauma history and to consider these risks in the management of the disorder. Future studies should report on the prevalence of cumulative trauma, particularly in adulthood as this area remains unexplored.
Chemoselective direct amidation of fatty acids with furfurylamine without coupling reagents in reversed micellar microenvironment
Authors: Yıldırım Ayhan , Aksoy Mehmet Suat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFuran heterocyclic compounds derived from renewable sources are popular versatile candidates for the production of multifunctional macromolecular materials. These compounds are also used as hydrophobilization monomers for reversible polyadducts or as versatile building blocks in Diels‐Alder reactions. In the present study, an efficient approach to chemoselective acylation of furfurylamine with a series of non‐preactivated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic long‐chain fatty acids and some of their functionalized derivatives has been achieved via catalytic direct amidation in reversed micellar medium. A convenient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for furfurylamides via a dehydrative coupling reaction. For this purpose, a new cationic Brønsted‐type sulfonic acid catalyst containing a hexadecyl alkyl chain was synthesized and fully characterized. The present catalytic reaction produced the respective N‐furfurylamides materials in good to excellent yields. This study also confirms that the direct amidation of carboxylic acids with selected amine compounds can be successfully catalyzed by Brønsted acids. Its simplicity and high atom economy are the main advantages of this method.
Coated sodium butyrate and vitamin D3 supplementation improve gut health through influencing intestinal immunity, barrier, and microflora in early‐stage broilers
Authors: Gao Hang , Zhao Xingkai , Guo Yizhe , Li Zhendong , Zhou Zhenlei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntestinal development and function are critical to maintaining sustained broiler growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) and vitamin D3 (VD3) on the intestinal immunity, barrier, oxidative stress and microflora in early‐stage broilers. In total, 192 one‐day‐old broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design including two dietary supplements at two different levels, in which the main effects were VD3 (3000 or 5000 IU kg−1) and CSB (0 or 1 g kg−1).RESULTSThe results showed that CSB supplementation increased ileal goblet cells (GCs) numbers, villus height and decreased crypt depth in broilers. CSB increased ileal proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and high‐level VD3 decreased cluster of differentiation 3 expression. CSB reduced serum d‐lactate, endotoxin (ET), adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) level. Meanwhile, high‐level VD3 decreased serum ET concentration. Furthermore, CSB increased ileal T‐AOC, lysozyme (LYZ) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and decreased MDA, whereas high‐level VD3 decreased ileal MDA and increased secretory immunoglobulin A. CSB up‐regulated ileal claudin1, superoxide dismutase 1, TGF‐β and LYZ mRNA expression and down‐regulated interleukin‐1β mRNA expression. CSB combined with high‐level VD3 increased ileal Faecalibaculum abundance. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Faecalibaculum was related to the immune and barrier function.CONCLUSIONDietary supplementation with CSB and high‐level VD3 improved early gut health in broilers by promoting intestinal development, enhancing antioxidant capacity, strengthening barrier function and enhancing the favorable composition of the gut bacterial flora. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
High Power Sunlight‐Simulated UV‐Induced Radical Polymerization: Self‐Initiation and Self‐Crosslinking
Authors: Yan Wenqing , de la Vega Jimena , Eroğlu Özen , Heisenberg Lavinia , Wang Deyi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnder high power UV irradiation, radicals can be generated from double bonds through photodissociation, H‐abstraction, or oxygen initiation mechanisms. This eliminates the need for externally added initiators in photopolymerization. This study investigates high‐power sunlight‐simulated UV‐induced free radical polymerization under various experimental conditions, including the presence of inhibitors, open or closed systems, and partial degassing. Additionally, high‐power sunlight‐simulated UV‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization is explored by externally adding CuBr2/ligand (1:2) catalyst at 100 or 1000 ppm molar concentration of copper. Delicate fabrication of real‐world thin films, coatings, and delicate 3D composites further demonstrates the high reliability and versatility of this technology.
The effects of awe‐eliciting experiences on consumers' aversion to choice ambiguity
Authors: Ahmmad Kamal , Harrold Mycah , Howlett Elizabeth , Perkins Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExperiencing awe elicits feelings of both being part of something that is bigger than oneself (self‐transcendence) and a sense, or feeling, of smallness. Our studies show that these distinct responses serve as mechanisms of action that have both main and mediating effects on consumer preference in ambiguous choice contexts. Across five studies, this research shows that self‐transcendence decreases ambiguity aversion while a sense of smallness increases ambiguity aversion. In other words, the experience of awe can both increase and decrease consumers' aversion to ambiguity and this, in turn, can impact choice preferences. Awe‐inspiring brands with unique innovative designs, unexpected features, or exceptional quality need to be cognizant of the potential influence awe could have on consumers' purchase decisions.
Spontaneous recovery from post‐COVID‐19 brain fog
Authors: Hayashi Teruaki , Iwata Masaaki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne‐third of individuals who contract novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) reportedly experience persistent symptoms, including respiratory issues, headache, dizziness, taste disorders, fatigue, and various psychiatric and neurological symptoms, known as post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this case report, we present a patient who became aware of brain fog, which is cognitive impairment, approximately 2 months after their COVID‐19 symptoms had resolved, accompanied by anxiety and depression.Case PresentationThe patient, a 35‐year‐old Japanese man, was infected with COVID‐19 and resumed work approximately 2 weeks later after symptoms improved. Approximately 1 month after returning to work, the patient's concentration became impaired and he started making noticeable errors at work. These symptoms did not improve, leading him to the outpatient clinic specializing in COVID‐19 sequelae at our hospital. Here, he underwent blood tests, electroencephalography, and head magnetic resonance imaging, which did not reveal any abnormalities. Cognitive decline due to COVID‐19 sequelae was therefore suspected, prompting his evaluation in our department approximately 5 months after his initial COVID‐19 infection. Detailed cognitive function tests were performed. He was monitored without the use of medications, and his cognitive function gradually improved. Approximately 11 months after his initial COVID‐19 infection, the same cognitive function tests were conducted again, because his subjective cognitive function symptoms had disappeared, and improvement was observed in many items.ConclusionSince brain fog is a relatively common sequela, we emphasize the importance of keeping this in mind from the initial consultations and comparing results over time.
Updates in pulmonary drug‐resistant tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: A focus on BPaL and BPaLM
Authors: Holger Dana J. , Althubyani Ali , Morrisette Taylor , Rebold Nicholas , Tailor Marylee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDrug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. New evidence supports the use of shorter duration, all‐oral regimens, which represent an encouraging treatment strategy for drug‐resistant TB. As a result, the landscape of drug‐resistant TB pharmacotherapy has drastically evolved regarding treatment principles and preferred agents. This narrative review focuses on the key updates of drug‐resistant TB treatment, including the use of short‐duration all‐oral regimens, while calling attention to current gaps in knowledge that may be addressed in future observational studies.
Paraprofessional perceptions about and use of behavior strategies in elementary schools
Authors: Wiggs Nicole B. , Glover Todd A. , Reddy Linda A. , Bronstein Briana , Dudek Christopher , Alperin Alexander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParaprofessionals are often tasked with implementing behavior management strategies to support the complex needs of students with disruptive behavior disorders. This study examined reported use and effectiveness of common classroom behavior strategies from 86 paraprofessionals working in 36 elementary schools using a mixed method design. Data were from a larger randomized control trial that examined the effects of behavior support coaching on paraprofessional practices and student outcomes. Qualitative analysis highlighted themes related to behavior strategies use, including 94 “other” strategies. Paraprofessionals across conditions reported use of a range of behavior management strategies and were more likely to use consequence‐based than antecedent‐based strategies (χ2 = 381; p < .001; df = 1). Coached paraprofessionals reported greater use of reminding or reinforcing classroom rules and praising for appropriate behavior than controls. No group differences in overall strategy use (χ2 = 1.20; p = .273; df = 1) or overall perceived effectiveness (t = −1.45; p = .149; df = 755) were found. Implications of findings for practice and research are presented.
The development of sustained, selective, and divided attention in school‐age children
Authors: Talalay Ilya V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate developmental changes in the efficiency of sustained, selective, and divided attention in a group of children aged 6−12 years by means of a computerized test battery. Participants included 199 children (51% female, majority White) who had normal or corrected‐to‐normal vision and no history of either neurological or attention deficit disorders. The study was conducted in three different schools. We used a convenience sampling strategy; each age group was sampled from one of the schools and was represented by students selected from different (parallel) classes of the same grade level. The three aspects of attention showed different developmental trajectories from 6 to 12 years. In terms of accuracy, selective attention was found to improve gradually, while the efficiency of divided attention increased dramatically across the school‐age years. In terms of reaction time, all attentional components showed a slow developmental time course. The results indicate that situations in which children have to divide attention among several sources of visual information while looking for two target stimuli considerably hamper their task performance. This is especially true for children of senior preschool and primary school age.
Tannic acid's role as both char former and blowing agent in epoxy‐based intumescent fire retardants
Authors: Covello James P. , Price Erik J. , Wnek Gary E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA novel intumescent fire‐retardant coating formulation has been developed by taking advantage of the inherent stability of large cyclic polyphenols (e.g., tannic acid) to remove the need for a dedicated blowing agent, specifically melamine. Cone calorimetry data indicate a lower fire growth rate (FIGRA) (5.0 ± 1.3 vs. 2.4 ± 0.7 kW m−2 s−1) upon removal of melamine. Total smoke release (TSR) increases following this removal (178 ± 21.4 vs. 305 ± 13.2 m2 m−2), which indicates the role of tannic acid in gas generation. Thermogravimetric analysis resulted in similar residue yield from the examined systems (36 ± 1.3% vs. 34 ± 1.7%) despite removal of a dedicated blowing agent. These results indicate that tannic acids multistep degradation allows it to behave as both a char forming and blowing agent in intumescent systems. The observed reduction of acid loading between the melamine‐tannin system and the melamine‐free composition (15.6% vs. 10.6% wt. ammonium polyphosphate, respectively) is also significant. Tannic acid occurs in agricultural waste products, which is encouraging for the pursuit of sustainable chemistry and addressing potential adverse health effects in humans combined with reducing the overall phosphorous loading.Highlights
Melamine was removed from the intumescent without compromising stability.
The resulting intumescent char was stronger despite less expansion.
Tannic acid is attributed as both the charring and blowing agent.
The tannin‐based coating requires a lower acid loading for similar performance.
Pulmonary hypertension patient perspectives toward pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Bailey Morgan , DuBrock Hilary M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a supervised exercise program for patients with chronic lung disease. Among patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), PR has been shown to improve both quality of life and exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of PR participation among PH patients, patient perspectives regarding PR, and to identify potential barriers to PR participation. We performed a cross‐sectional survey of patients with self‐reported PH who attended the Pulmonary Hypertension Association (PHA) conference in June 2022 in Atlanta, Georgia, and patients within the PHA listserv. A total of 429 participants completed the survey and were enrolled in the study. The average age of participants was 61 ± 14 years with 83% of participants identifying as female, 51% of patients self‐reported as having group 1 PH. Among patients who completed the survey, 41% had previously attended a PR program. Of those who had completed a PR program, 83% reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the program and 86% reported that they would recommend PR to other PH patients. After completion of a PR program, 76% of patients reported an improvement in their quality of life and 88% reported improvement in exercise capacity. Among the patients who had not previously participated in PR (n = 254), 63% reported an interest in participation while 64% cited a lack of discussion from their treatment team as the primary reason for the lack of PR participation. Limitations of the study include sampling and response bias. According to this cross‐sectional survey, the majority of PH patients who have participated in PR report improvement in both quality of life and exercise capacity and would recommend PR to other PH patients. The majority of PH patients who have not participated in PR were interested in participation and cited a lack of discussion with their treatment team as one of the primary reasons for the lack of participation. PR is associated with self‐reported improvements in quality of life and exercise capacity but remains underutilized among patients with PH.