bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epiphyte Flora and Diversity on Basal Trunks of Six Old-Growth Forest Tree Species in Southern and Middle Boreal Finland
Authors: Kuusinen Mikko 
Published: September 2002

AbstractEpiphytic lichen and bryophyte species composition, richness and diversity were surveyed on basal trunks of six common old-growth forest tree species, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Alnus incana, Salix caprea and Populus tremula, in two old-growth forest areas, one in southern and one in middle boreal Finland. The average species numbers per tree ranged from 18 (Picea) to 27 (Salix) in the southern and from 20 (Populus) to 31 (Salix) in the middle boreal area. A few widespread habitat-generalist species, such as the foliose lichens Hypogymnia physodes and Platismatia glauca, were most abundant on all the tree species, except Populus. Most other epiphyte species showed at least a slight preference for one or two tree species. Populus proved to have the most distinct flora characterized by the abundance of certain, rather specialized crustose lichens and bryophytes. The number of species that occurred on only one tree species was highest on Populus (9) in the southern and on Alnus (18) in the middle boreal area. Differences in bark acidity and structure were the most likely explanations for the differences between tree species in the epiphytic flora and diversity. Salix and Populus were the most important of the tree species studied for the conservation of epiphyte diversity in the boreal forests of Finland.
Three New Species in the Catillariaceae From the Central Highlands of Scotland
Authors: Fryday Alan M. , Coppins Brian J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThree species are recognized as additions to the British montane lichen flora: Catillaria gilbertii sp. nov., Halecania bryophila sp. nov., and H. micacea sp. nov. All three have so far been recorded only from the mica-schist mountains of the Central Highlands of Scotland.
A New Crustose Stereocaulon From the Mountains of Scotland and Wales
Authors: Fryday Alan M. , Coppins Brian J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe new combination Stereocaulon plicatile (Leight.) Fryday & Coppins is made for a previously enigmatic crustose lichen with submuriform ascospores; the basionym, Lecidea plicatilis Leight., was previously misapplied to a norsticticacid containing species of Rhizocarpon. The systematic position of the crustose Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis group is discussed.
Chemical Variation in Lepraria Eburnea
Authors: Orange Alan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLepraria eburnea is shown to comprise three morphologically indistinguishable chemotypes, containing either protocetraric acid, psoromic acid, or neither substance, in addition to alectorialic acid. The holotype of L. frigida contains protocetraric acid and alectorialic acid, and is thus united with L. ebumea under the latter name.
Belonia Mediterranea, a New Calcicolous Lichen Species From Catalonia (Ne Spain)
Authors: Navarro-Rosinés Pere , Llimona Xavier 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBelonia mediterranea Nav.-Ros. & Llimona sp. nov. is described and compared with other, mainly saxicolous, species of the genus. It is known only from the type locality, Medes Islands (Catalonia, NE Spain), where it occurs on shaded limestone cliffs, near the Mediterranean seashore. It differs from related saxicolous species of Belonia mainly in the appearance of the thallus, ascospore septation and ecology. A key to the European species of Belonia is provided.
Preliminary Observations on the Growth of Transplanted Peltigera Canina Under Semi-Natural Conditions
Authors: Webster M. , Brown D. H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPeltigera canina thalli have been successfully transplanted onto soil in a garden and in flowerpots. Garden samples showed marked seasonality and achieved growth rates of 6·4 cm per year. Pot-grown samples showed variation in the growth of individual thallus lobes and established that, under different soil hydration regimes, permanently hydrated thalli could sustain considerable linear growth rates for at least 140 days.
Two New Asian Xanthoria Species (Teloschistaceae, Lichenized Ascomycotina)
Authors: Kondratyuk S. , Poelt J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo corticolous species of the lichen genus Xanthoria, X. alfredi S. Kondratyuk & Poelt from Russian and Chinese Far East and X. aphrodites Kalb, Poelt & S. Kondratyuk from Cyprus are described. Morphological characters, in particular the presence of true rhizines within Xanthoria and their differences from hapters are indicated. Xanthoria novozelandica Hillmann is the first species of Xanthoria in which oil paraphyses have been found. A key to the treated species, including X. novozelandica and Xanthoria sp. from western North America is provided. The ecology and distribution of described species are discussed. Xanthoria alfredi and X. ulophyllodes probably constitute a typical species pair; X. alfredi and X. aphrodites are relict endemics.
Keys to Sterile, Crustose Saxicolous and Terricolous Lichens Occurring in the British Isles
Authors: Fryday Alan , Coppins Brian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA set of artificial keys is presented to all those crustose lichens (except most species of Lepraria and Leprolomd) which commonly occur without fruiting bodies on rock or soil in the British Isles. A number of predominantly corticolous species that occasionally also occur on rocks are included, as well as several undescribed but well-understood entities.
Notes on Xanthoria Th. Fr. III. Two New Species of the Xanthoria Candelaria Group
Authors: Kondratyuk Sergey 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTwo new species of Xanthoria are described and illustrated, and comments about their differences from related taxa are provided. These are: X. ascendens from bark and shrub remains in sea-shore sand dunes and hillsides in Argentina, Chile and Peru, and X. ucrainica, from bark, stones, and some man-made substrata in the Ukraine, Sweden, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and Asian Russia.
Caloplaca maritima, a misunderstood species in western Europe
Authors: Arup Ulf 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCaloplaca maritime B. de Lesd. is a marine to maritime species occurring in western Europe. It was first described as a variety of C. citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr., but in 1953 was transferred to specific level. Since then C. maritima has been more or less forgotten and/or misunderstood, mainly due to confusion with C. ruderum(Malbr.) J. R. Laundon, C. interfulges (Nyl.) J. Steiner, and C. marina (Wedd.) Zahlbr. The present paper reports on the existence of C. maritima, and clarifies its status in relation to C. marina and to other related species. A map of the presently known distribution is presented and the species is depicted. Lectotypes for Caloplaca citrine var. maritime and C. citrine var. maritime f. laevigata are selected.
Species Concepts in the Genus Usnea (Lichenized Ascomycetes)
Authors: Clerc Philippe 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPractically most of the taxonomists working on vascular plants and fungi are using the so-called taxonomic species concept, relying largely on morphological criteria or other observable patterns of discontinuity and assuming that these patterns are reflecting the underlying genetic integrity of species. Such a concept is described in detail here for the genus Usnea. The typologicalview versus the populational view of species are discussed. The diagnostic value of characters used by previous and recent taxonomists of the genus is analysed. The fact that Usnea has such a bad taxonomic reputation is discussed. The use by J. Motyka, author of the world monograph published in the thirties, of characters that are strongly modified by environmental factors together with a typological view of species are thought to be mainly responsible for this. More than 770 names have been published worldwide so far and it is suggested that around 50% are to be considered as synonyms.
Phylogenetic Studies of the Genus Arthonia
Authors: Sundin Rikard , Tehler Anders 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA phylogenetic analysis is presented, based on 57 morphological, anatomical, chemical and ecological characters, including 19 species from the genera Arthonia, Arthothelium and Syncesia. The aim of the study was to test the monophylyof some of the groups within the genus Arthonia suggested, for example, by Redinger (e.g. species with reddish ascomata, with grey-pruinose ascomata and with brown-black hypothecia). The results strongly support that Arthonia and Arthothelium are paraphyletic genera. The best-supported node contains all Arthonia species together with A. crozalsiana de Lesd., A. ruana A. Massal. (both hitherto placed in Arthothelium) and Syncesia myrticola (Fée) Tehler. A well-supported clade is formed by a group of pioneer species, often non-lichenized or poorly lichenized, including the type species of Arthonia, A. radiata. The species with reddish and/or K+ reddish ascomata form one clade and the species with more or less brownish or blackish hypothecia form another clade with Syncesia myrticola, the sister group to the Opegraphaceae and Roccellaceae. The results are discussed and compared with Redinger' grouping. Relationships to other genera within Arthoniaceae are briefly discussed. Arthothelium scandinavicumi Th. Fr., Arthonia dispersa (Schrad.) Nyl., A. punctiformis Ach. and A. mediella Nyl. are lectotypified.
Studies of Ammonia Uptake and Loss by Lichens
Authors: Miller James E. , Brown Dennis H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe passive uptake of ammonium ions to extracellular cation binding sites has been demonstrated for a range of lichen species. The possible competitive effect of other cations on ammonium binding is discussed. Binding of uncharged gaseous ammonia to exchange sites was also shown. The rapid loss of exchangeable ammonium from extracellular sites has been demonstrated and, because the greatest losses occur in living material, intracellular uptake is inferred. The labile nature of bound ammonium means that transfer of material to the laboratory for analysis may result in the underestimation of the amount bound.
Lecanora compallens and L. Sinuosa, Two New Overlooked Corticolous Lichen Species from Western Europe
Authors: van Herk C. M. , Aptroot A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLecanora compallens and L. sinnosa, two corticolous lichens, are described nas species new to science on the basis of numerous collections. Lecanora compallens is a sorediate species, known only as sterile. It is probably common in Western Europe, but overlooked because it is very similar to L. expallens. Chemically, the new species is identical with L. strobilina, of which it may represent a sorediate counterpart. Lecanora sinuosa is a new species similar to L. chlarotera and so far only known from a limited area in the Netherlands and Germany, although it may be overlooked elsewhere. Lecanora sinuosa is very close to L. hybocarpa with which it shares the puhcaris-type epihymenium inspersed with fine crystals but differs markedly by its thick thallus and thick and sinuous apothecium margin.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Lichen Family Umbilicariaceae based on nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA Sequences
Authors: Ivanova Natalia V. , Depriest Paula T. , Bobrova Vera K. , Troitsky Alexey V. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe lichen family Umbilicariaceae is accepted by most lichenologists as consisting of two genera, Lasallia and Umbilicaria. The monophyly of these two genera was examined by phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of ITS 1 and ITS2 rDNA. Sequences of these regions from three Lasallia and 17 Umbilicaria species were aligned to those of seven representatives of the outgroup taxa including Eurotiales, Onygenales and Caliciales (Mycocaliciaceae) and subjected to maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses supported the monophyly of the representative species of Lasallia. However, the species of Umbilicaria did not form a monophyletic sistergroup to Lasallia due to the basal placement of other Umbilicaria species in some analyses. Based on these analyses, if Lasallia is recognized as a separate genus then Umbilicaria appears to be paraphyletic. Although further taxon sampling is required to resolve the monophyly of Umbilicaria, for the present we recommend retaining the current treatment of Lasallia as separate from Umbilicaria.
A Study on the Genetic Variability of Biatora Helvola using Rapd Markers
Authors: Printzen Christian , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Schmitt Imke , Feige G. Benno 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBiatora helvola is a corticolous crustose lichen occurring in boreal and montane spruce and spruce-fir-beech forests. After the last glaciation, spruce reinvaded Europe from three refugia situated in the Carpathians, southeastern parts of the Alps and the Ural Mts., resulting in a slightly disjunct distribution. Our aim was to find out whether the glacial fragmentation of the distributional area of spruce is reflected by genetic differences in a typical spruce-forest lichen. Collections of Biatora helvola from Scandinavia and various parts of Central Europe were investigated using RAPD analysis. Algal free periclinal sections of the apothecia were obtained using a freezing microtome and transferred directly into PCR tubes. Six different RAPD primers were used. The data were analysed using PAUP*. It was shown that genetic differences between samples of B. helvola reflect the glacial disjunction of spruce in Europe.
A Re-Examination of Generic Concepts of Baeomycetoid Lichens Based on Phylogenetic Analyses of Nuclear ssu and Lsu Ribosomal Dna
Authors: Platt Jamie L. , Spatafora Joseph W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe lichen symbiosis has evolved several times within the fungal kingdom, although the total number of lichenization events leading to extant taxa is still unclear. Two lichenized families, the Icmadophilaceae and Baeomycetaceae have been classified in the Helotiales. Because the Helotiales are predominantly nonlichenized, this suggests that these families represent independent evolutionary episodes of lichenization from the Lecanorales. As a first step towards understanding the evolution of the lichen symbiosis within this order, we tested recent hypotheses concerning the segregation of lichen genera between the two lichen families. Specifically, we used phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data from nuclear small-subunit and large-subunit ribosomal DNA to test the morphology-based hypotheses that Dibaeis is a distinct genus from Baeomyces and that Dibaeis is a member of the Icmadophilaceae rather than the Baeomycetaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear SSU rDNA and combined SSU and LSU rDNA data support the hypothesis that Dibaeis is more closely related to IcmadophUa than it is to Baeomyces. Therefore, these data support the resurrection of Dibaeis from its previous synonymy with Baeomyces based on the characters of ascocarp colour and ascus morphology. The recognition of two distinct genera is also consistent with character state distribution of unique lichen acids.
Group I Intron Versus its Sequences in Phylogeny of Cetrarioid Lichens
Authors: Thell Arne 
Published: September 2002

AbstractPhylogenetic trees based on group I intron sequences and on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of mycobiont ribosomal genes were calculated and compared. Eight cetrarioid and four non-cetrarioid species of the Parmeliaceae were compared. The phylogeny based on group I intron sequences is partly congruent with the ITS sequence phylogeny. Group I intron sequences are presumably less informative for infragenic studies. The introns have a length of 214–233 nucleotides, and differ at up to 33% of the bases between species. All introns analysed are located between the positions 1516 and 1517 of the fungal 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Cetrarioid lichens form a non-homogeneous group within the Parmeliaceae according to both group I intron and ITS sequences.
Does Tree Age Predict the Occurrence and Abundance of Usnea Longissima in Multi-Aged Submontane Picea Abies Stands?
Authors: Rolstad Jørund , Rolstad Erlend 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn boreal Scandinavia Usnea longissima is a rare epiphytic lichen associated with old spruce (Picea abies) forests. To test whether tree age was an important determinant of the occurrence and abundance of U. longissima at the scale of a forest stand we estimated thallus numbers on 1008 trees within three submontane spruce stands in south-central Norway. The stands were of all ages and multi-layered and had been selectively cut previous to the 1940s. There was no relationship between number of U. longissima thalli and tree age among trees with dbh of ≥ 10 cm. The most consistent pattern was a positive relationship between occurrence and number of thalli and stem diameter. After controlling the covariance of stem diameter, there was a tendency for a negative relationship between number of thalli and tree age. The results suggest that in old-growth resembling stands, with already established U. longissima populations, tree size (here measured as stem Diameter) is a better predictor of thallus number than tree age. This does not contradict the possibility that other environmental characteristics, associated with stands of older age, may be important for the establishment and growth of U. longissima populations.
The Lichen Genus Usnea On Quercus Suber In Iberian Cork-Oak Forests
Authors: Fos Simón , Clerc Philippe 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFifteen species of Usnea are recorded from Iberian cork-oak forests: U. ceratina, U. comma, U. dasaea, U. esperantiana, U. flammea, U. fulvoreagens, U. glabrata, U. hirta, U. mutabilis, U. rubicunda, U. subcornuta, U. subfloridana U. subscabrosa, U. substerilis and U. wasmuthii. A key for these species is provided. Details of morphology, chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy are discussed. Usnea dasaea is reported as new to the Iberian Peninsula. New chemotypes of U. fulvoreagens (with squamatic acid) and U. wasmuthii (with psoromic acid) have been identified. Distribution maps of U. dasaeaand U. subcornuta in Europe are presented. A new combination, Usnea subfloridana subsp. praetervisa (Asahina) P. Clerc, is proposed.
High-Light-Intensity Damage to the Foliose Lichen Lobaria Pulmonaria within Natural Forest: The Applicability of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Methods
Authors: Gauslaa Yngvar , Solhaug Knut Asbjørn 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe annual course of irradiance was recorded at two vertical and even-aged neighbouring Quercus stems, one rich in L. pulmonaria, one without. Irradiance never exceeded 610 μmol photons m−2 s−1 at the L. pulmonaria site, whereas the L. pulmonaria-deficient site could experience 2 h daily 2000 μmol photons m−2 s−1, and 6 h above 1000 μmol photons m−2 s−1 during a clear day in early spring. Thalli of L. pulmonaria were transplanted to these two stems. During the first 40 days (April–May), transplants at the L. pulmonaria-deficient site developed severe chlorophyll degradation, and a substantial reduction in maximal PS II efficiency (Fv/Fm) even when measured after a 48-h recovery period at low light intensity. Extensive bleaching was formed along light-exposed sides of the tiny ridges on the upper side. Subsequent to this damage, FV/FM gradually rose to nearly normal levels during the following year. This apparent recovery was probably mainly due to irreversible loss of damaged chlorophyll, but also to some level of acclimation. No damage was observed in control transplants on the L. pulmonariarich tree, which were the only transplants gaining sufficient growth for new attachment to the new substratum during the 397-day transplantation period. Nevertheless, a fine-scale, but highly significant seasonal variation in FV/FM of control transplants reflected variations of even low irradiance levels. FV/FM, as measured after a 48-h recovery period at low light intensity, is an efficient meth for recording permanent high light damages at and shortly after damage is formed. However, FV/FM is not a useful estimator of chronic long-term damage.
Cybebe gracilenta in an ITS/5.8S rDNA based phylogeny belongs to Chaenotheca (Coniocybaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes)
Authors: Tibell Leif 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCybebe was described as a monotypic genus in the Coniocybaceae distinguished from Chaenotheca by its unusual ascus ontogeny and its unpigmented spore wall. In a molecular phylogeny based on maximum parsimony analyses of their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDXA sequences, specimens of Cybebe gracilenta formed a strongly supported group with Chaenotheca gracillima. Thisgroup in turn is also well supported as a part of Chaenotheca indicating that the features characteristic of Cybebe are indeed autapomorphic and that Cybebe gracilenta should be included in Chaenotheca.
Chemical and Ultrastructural Features of the Lichen-volcanic/Sedimentary Rock Interface in a Semiarid Region (Almería, Spain)
Authors: Souza-Egipsy Virginia , Wierzchos Jacek , García-Ramos Jose Vicente , Ascaso Carmen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe chemical and ultrastructural features of the interface formed by different biotypes of saxicolous lichen species with their rock substrata were investigated in the semiarid habitat of the SE Iberian Peninsula and the relationships between the bioweathering patterns observed and lichen colonization selectivity towards the different rock substrata evaluated. Xanthoria parietina was able to fix to the rock substratum by the adherence of single cell walls from the lower cortex. Neofuscelia pulla used rhizines and loose groups of hyphae for attachment of the thallus to the rock. Colonization by the foliose lichen species was confined to the rock surface, while Diploschistes diacapsis was also able grow below the surface showing two types of hyphal growth. Minerals in close contact with cell walls were biochemically and biophysically weathered, but hyphae showing calcium oxalate crystals did not appear to be directly involved in the patterns observed. The textural characteristics of the substratum seemed to be related to the type of microorganism colonization: sedimentary rocks were more deeply colonized by lichens and other chasmolithic microorganisms than volcanic material. Calcium oxalate crystals were found in the medulla of N. pulla but not at the lichen-substratum interface. Crustose lichens such as D. diacapsis showed calcium oxalate crystals in the upper cortex and over the outside of fungal medullary hyphae but not in direct contact with the rock surface. Calcium oxalate precipitation seems to be related to the different metabolic activities of the mycobiont within the lichen thallus and to different species. D. diacapsis inhibits the growth of other microorganisms in close proximity to the thallus, whereas foliose species were associated with several communities of microorganisms.