bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal gastrointestinal nematode infection alters hippocampal neuroimmunity, promotes synaptic plasticity, and improves resistance to direct infection in offspring.
Authors: Noel Sophia C. , Madranges Jeanne F. , Gothié Jean-David M. , Ewald Jessica , Milnerwood Austen J. , Kennedy Timothy E. , Scott Marilyn E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The developing brain is vulnerable to maternal bacterial and viral infection which induce strong inflammatory responses in the mother that are mimicked in the offspring brain, resulting in irreversible neurodevelopmental defects, and associated cognitive and behavioural impairments. In contrast, maternal infection with the immunoregulatory murine intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri, upregulates expression of genes associated with long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic networks in the brain of neonatal uninfected offspring, and enhances spatial memory in uninfected juvenile offspring. As the hippocampus is involved in spatial navigation and sensitive to immune events during development, here we assessed hippocampal gene expression, LTP, and neuroimmunity in three-week-old uninfected offspring born to H. bakeri infected mothers. Further, as maternal immunity shapes the developing immune system, we assessed the impact of maternal H. bakeri infection on the ability of offspring to resist direct infection. In response to maternal infection, we found an enhanced propensity to induce LTP, consistent with RNA-seq data indicating accelerated development of glutamatergic synapses in offspring, relative to those from uninfected mothers. Hippocampal RNA-seq analysis of offspring of infected mothers revealed increased expression of genes associated with neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and myelination. Furthermore, maternal infection improved resistance to direct infection of H. bakeri in offspring, correlated with transfer of parasite-specific IgG1 to their serum. Hippocampal immunohistochemistry and gene expression suggest Th2/Treg biased neuroimmunity in offspring, recapitulating peripheral immunoregulation of H. bakeri infected mothers. These findings indicate maternal H. bakeri infection alters peripheral and neural immunity and hippocampal gene expression in uninfected offspring, in a manner that accelerates neural maturation to promote hippocampal LTP, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and myelination.
WITHDRAWN: Impact pressure characteristics of carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing technique
Authors: Yu bingzhen , Niu Shuaishuai , Zhou Shengtao , Lei Yu , He Zhijian , Luo Xuedong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Enhanced Brain Connectivity and Hemodynamic Stability in Canine Stroke Models Treated with Flow Augmentation Therapies: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Warioba Chisondi S. , Carroll Timothy J. , Christoforidis Gregory 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The acute phase of ischemic stroke presents a critical window for therapeutic intervention, where novel approaches such as hyper-acute cerebral flow augmentation offer promising avenues for neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated the effects of two such therapies, NEH (a combination of norepinephrine and hydralazine) and Sanguinate (pegylated bovine carboxyhemoglobin), on resting-state functional connectivity, global mean signal (GMS), and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) time lag in a pre-clinical canine model of stroke via permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (total of n = 40 IACUC-approved mongrel canines randomly split into control/natural history and two treatment groups). Utilizing group independent component analysis (ICA), we identified and examined the integrity of sensorimotor and visual networks both pre-and post-occlusion, across treatment and control groups. Our results demonstrated that while the control group exhibited significant disruptions in these networks following stroke, the treatment groups showed remarkable preservation of network integrity. Voxel-wise functional connectivity analysis revealed less pronounced alterations in the treatment groups, suggesting maintained neural connections. Notably, the treatments stabilized GMS, with only minimal reductions observed post-occlusion compared to significant decreases in the control group. Furthermore, BOLD time-lag unity plots indicated that NEH and Sanguinate maintained consistent hemodynamic response timing, as evidenced by tighter clustering around the line of unity, suggesting a potential neuroprotective effect. These findings were underscored by robust statistical analyses, including paired T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests, which confirmed the significance of the connectivity changes observed. The correlation of BOLD time-lag variations with functional outcomes highlighted the clinical relevance of these neuroimaging parameters in evaluating the impact of stroke and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Our study supports the inclusion of NEH and Sanguinate in stroke treatment protocols and suggests their potential to extend the therapeutic window and improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation of an E-learning Platform Promoting Electronic Personal Health Record Competence: A Pilot Study in Older Adults
Authors: Perotti Luis , Stamm Oskar , Ferizaj Drin , Dietrich Michael , Buchem Ilona , Müller-Werdan Ursula 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Electronic personal health records (ePHRs) are an important component in the increasing digitalization of healthcare. Access barriers can arise, especially for older adults, with limited experience in using digital systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of using an interactive microlearning-based e-learning platform on older adults’ competencies in dealing with the ePHR.
Methods
To examine the effects of e-learning platform use on competencies, a pilot study was conducted with two study arms. One arm consisted of young-old adults (YOA) aged 50 to 64 years and the other of older adults (OA) aged 65 years and over. Both groups used the learning platform for one week. Participants’ ePHR knowledge (12-item questionnaire) and usage skills (completion time for three ePHR tasks) were measured pre- and post-intervention. The intention to use (ITU) the ePHR was surveyed using a Technology Usage Inventory subscale. The usability of the platform was assessed using the System Usability Scale.
Results
In terms of knowledge, the OA increased the median value from 7.00 to 9.00 (p = .019, r = .63) and the YOA increased the median value from 7.00 to 10.00 (p = .001, r = .86). In relation to skills, the OA decreased the median value from 746.50 to 539.00 seconds (p = .002, r = .82) and the YOA decreased the median value from 487.00 to 351.00 seconds (p = .012, r = .67). No significant difference was present between the groups in terms of knowledge (p = .125) and skill acquisition (p = .144). The median ITU score decreased from 282.00 to 262.00 (p = .038, r = .39) across the entire study population and remained unchanged within the groups. The usability received a mean score of 64.04 for all study participants.
Conclusion
OA and YOA benefited from the use of the learning platform by increasing their ePHR competence (knowledge and skill) with a consistently high ITU the ePHR. The pilot study provided insights into the feasibility of using e-learning to promote ePHR competence. However, the usability of the learning platform should be improved for large-scale studies in the future.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (registration number: DRKS00031730), registered on 20/04/2023 - prospectively registered.
Perinatal Outcomes of Monochorionic and Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies Complicated by Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A 6-year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Luo Shuang , Mao Jiayi , Wen Li , Chen Ya , Li Jiayin , You Wenti , Yang Yajun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common pregnancy-related liver disorder and may cause adverse perinatal outcomes. However, few studies have reported differences in perinatal outcomes of monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies complicated by ICP. These perinatal outcomes were assessed with a retrospective cohort study.
Methods This was a retrospective observational study of monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnan-cies complicated by ICP. Cases were divided into the MCDA group and DCDA group, perinatal outcomes were compared, and predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes were evaluated.
Results In total, 363 twin pregnancies complicated by ICP (93 monochorionic (MC), 270 dichorionic (DC)) were included. Compared with DC twin pregnancies, MC pregnancies were characterized by younger age, lower prepregnancy weight and lower prepregnancy body mass index (p<0.05). Delivery of MC twins was more likely to occur between 34 and 37 weeks, averaging 34.87±2.42 gestational weeks. Additionally, both twins A and B in the MC group weighed less than those in the DC group (p<0.001). After adjustment for confounders, TBA>40 µmol/l (aOR=9.16, 95%CI:1.06, 30.93, p=0.029) was an independent risk factor for poor perinatal outcomes in MC twin pregnancies complicated by ICP, and TBIL>17.1 µmol/l (aOR=6.36, 95% CI: 1.63-24.92, p=0.008), AST>200 U/L (aOR=3.005, 95%CI: 1.32-6.87, p=0.009) and ALP>400 U/L (aOR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.12-9.45, p=0.031) were independent risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes in DC twin pregnancies.
Conclusions Our results suggest that some liver function biochemical indicators can predict poor foetal outcomes in twin pregnancies complicated by ICP. More focus is needed on the monitoring of predelivery liver functional biochemical indexes in pregnant women according to chorionicity complicated by ICP, to facilitate personalized antenatal management and improve neonatal outcomes.
The efficacy of modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and molecular techniques for detection of cryptosporidia in the stool of gastrointestinal cancer Sudanese patients
Authors: Abdullah Dafalla Sidig Mohamed Ali , Taha Qutoof Hashim , Taher Tayebalasma Mohamed Ahmed , Omer Esra Rodwan , Alrasheed Tagwa Hafiz Abdelkabeer , Abdalla Sababil Salih , Marjan Salah , Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background:
Cryptosporidiosis diagnosis based on demonstration of the parasite microscopically in the stool through modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) or auramine phenol staining techniques. The primary goal of this study was to compare between the efficacy of cryptospridia antigen detection potential in the fecal specimens using ELISA and Oocyst detection by MZN staining methods and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of human cryptosporidiosis among some Sudanese patients with gastrointestinal cancer. One hundred and eighty-one patients suspected of having gasterointestinal cancer based on their clinical presentation were enrolled in this study. Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MZN staining was conducted for fresh stool samples to detect Cryptosporidium Oocyst.
Results:
Of 181 cancer suspected patients, 55 (30.5%) were confirmed as having gastrointestinal cancer. Of the 55 cancer patients 41(74.5%) were confirmed as having colorectal cancer, 7 (12.7%) small intestine cancer, 4(7.3%) liver cancer, 3(5.5%) esophageal cancer. Of the confirmed cancer patients MZN identified 24 (43.6%) and ELISA identified 31(56.4%) as having cryptospridia Oocyst and antigens in their fecal samples, respectively. Based on PCR outcome, the infection rates was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than in other cancer patients (P = 0.02). Depending on the criteria of ‘true positive’ samples, sensitivity of MZN and ELISA was 81.06% and 94.25% respectively.
Conclusions:
Fecal antigen ELISA detection test has the advantage of accurate diagnosis of Cryptosporidiosis over MZN staining technique especially in immunocompromised patients.
How Do Stressful Life Events Affect Medical Students' Academic Adjustment? Parallel Mediating Mechanisms of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: GUO HUIBING , QIU CHEN 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Medical students frequently face challenges in academic adjustment, necessitating effective support and intervention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of stressful life events on medical students' academic adjustment, focusing on the mediating roles of depression and anxiety. It also differentiated the impacts between at-risk students (those with academic failures) and their peers respectively.
Methods
This case‒control study involved 320 at-risk medical students and 800 other students from a university in western China. Participants anonymously completed the scales of stressful life events, depression, anxiety, and academic adjustment. T-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling were employed for statistical analysis.
Results
Depression and anxiety were significantly more prevalent in at-risk students (46.8% and 46.1%, respectively) than in controls (34.0% and 40.3%, respectively). Notably, at-risk students had poorer academic adjustment (t = 5.43, p < 0.001). For them, stressful life events significantly decreased academic adjustment through increased depression and anxiety (p < 0.001). Conversely, anxiety had a positive effect on academic adjustment in other students.
Conclusion
Targeted interventions focusing on depression and anxiety could reduce the negative impact of stressful life events on medical students’ academic adjustment. However, educators have to distinguish the differences between at-risk students and others.
Financial Development and Central Bank Bilateral Currency Swaps: Is there Trade Effect?
Authors: Mohammed Abdullahi Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The proper assessment and understanding of the financial system are at the core of a robust analysis of macroeconomic fundamentals (Svirydzenka, 2016). Bilateral currency swap enables countries to boost their liquidity access in the financial system for trade and financial transaction. Significantly, we examine the financial development of both China and its currency swap partners. We test our empirical model using data on financial development for a sample of 27 countries. We provide empirical evidence that currency swap is important for trade especially for countries with relatively low level of financial development. It is well documented that the differences in development amongst countries are substantial, and such differences are important in the determination of trade pattern. The level of financial development was proxied by the interaction term of disaggregated measure of financial development such access, depth, and efficiency each interacted with swaps. We provide empirical evidence that differential level of financial development can be a key determinant of whether a country can use currency swap lines for international trade. In rich countries, strong financial system promote trade, the opposite is the case in poorer ones. Perhaps, empirical tests on the influence of financial system and on trade remain on the research agenda especially looking at industry-level import and export data.
Does Interprofessional Operating Room Training Improve Clinical Skills? Results from a Multinational Assessment
Authors: Cohen Sari , Mosheiff Rami , Saban Mor , Shapira Yair , Yoram Weil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective: a quantitative comparative empirical study examined the effect of the AOTrauma Operating Room Personnel (AOT ORP) course on ORPs performance.
Methods: Conducted in 2018-2019, the study involved 266 ORPs from Israel, the UK, and Singapore. The study group (146 ORPs) underwent two rounds of tests: first, a comparison was made among the research group before and after the course, and second, a comparison was made with the control group (121 prospective AOT ORP course candidates after the study period from Israel). We used a practical test developed specifically for this study focusing on plastic bone models to assess type-C ankle fracture fixation.
Results: Pre-course, the study group achieved medium-range scores and the control group mainly scored low scores. Post-course, the study group's performance significantly improved, reaching medium-high to high levels. Statistical analysis indicated a significant improvement compared to both the control group (p<0.01) and their own pre-course performance (p<0.01).
Conclusion: This study highlights the positive impact of the basic AOT ORP course on
the practical skills of nursing staff in orthopedic operating rooms. These results underscore the importance of AOT ORP course to enhance ORP's professional performance within the orthopedic operating room setting.
Minimum Four-Year Clinical Outcomes after On-Table Reconstruction Technique for Dubberley Type III in Coronal Shear Fractures of the Capitellum and Trochlea: a report of 10 patients
Authors: Koh Il-Hyun , Hong Jung Jun , Kang Ho-Jung , Choi Yun-Rak , KIM Ji-Sup 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Comminuted coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus represent rare injuries and are difficult to treat, especially comminuted capitellum and trochlear fractures (Dubberley Type III). The on-table reconstruction technique of comminuted articular fractures may be an option, although it has not been reported in the coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus. The aim of the present case series is to determine the functional and radiological outcomes of on-table reconstructed Dubberley III fractures.
Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of 10 patients with Dubberley type III fractures in coronal shear fractures of the capitellum and trochlea who underwent an ‘on-table’ reconstruction technique between January 2009 and October 2019. All patients were evaluated using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES) score, Mayo Elbow Score Performance Index (MEPI) score and at least 4 years later.
Results
All cases achieved union. At the final follow-up, the mean range of elbow motion was 11.5°of flexion contracture and 131.9° of further flexion. The mean DASH score was 21.2 (5.7) points (range 13.3–32.5). The mean ASES score was 88.6 ± 7.4 (range, 77 to 100). The mean MEPI score was 87 (10) points (range 70–100). In complication, partial osteonecrosis of capitellum is developed in one patient. One patient had heterotopic ossification without functional impairment.
Conclusion
The on-table reconstruction technique can be a reliable option in the surgical treatment of complex distal humerus fractures. This technique allows anatomical reduction of comminuted capitellum and trochlea, with a low risk of avascular necrosis over 4 years of follow-up.
Level of evidence
Level IV, retrospective case series
Effect of form-stable phase change particle gradation on thermal conductivity of concrete
Authors: Zhang Yichao , Liang Jiatong , Li Xuan , Liu Tao , Liu Min , Wang Yanhui , Liu Zhicheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When preparing form-stable phase change(FSPC) concrete, using FSPC particles to partially replace the fine aggregates can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of concrete. In this study, the influence of FSPC particle gradation on the thermal conductivity of FSPC concrete is investigated, and the relationship between the particle gradation and thermal conductivity of FSPC concrete is analyzed based on the fractal and grey correlation theory. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the FSPC concrete with 10, 20 and 30% fine aggregate replacement rate is 9.16, 13.12 and 28.31%lower than that of the ordinary concrete. Large size FSPC particles are more effective in reducing the thermal conductivity. Furthermore, in the fractal dimension range of 0.4924–1.6812, the FSPC particles have self-similarity. When the total amount of FSPC particles is the same, increasing the amount of FSPC particles of 4–5, 5–6 and 8–10 mm, reducing the amount of FSPC particles of 2–3, 3–4, 6–7 and 7–8 mm could effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of FSPC concrete.
Co-production workshops with families experiencing multiple and interacting adversities including parental mental health, substance use, domestic violence, and poverty: intervention insights and principles from mothers, fathers, and young people
Authors: Muir Cassey , Kedzior Sophie G. E. , Barrett Simon , McGovern Ruth , Kaner Eileen , Wolfe Ingrid , Forman Julia R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Clustering and co-occurring of family adversities, including mental health problems, substance use, domestic violence and abuse, as well as poverty can increase health and behavioural risks for children, which persist throughout the life course. Yet, interventions that acknowledge and account for the complex interactive nature of such risks are limited. This study aimed to develop intervention principles through exploring insights into the ways in which mothers, fathers, and young people who experience multiple and interacting adversities perceived an intervention may bring about positive change.
Methods
A series of six co-production workshops with mothers, fathers, and young people who experienced multiple and interacting adversities (n = 41) were iteratively conducted across two regions in England (London and North-East) by four researchers. Workshop content and co-production activities were informed by advisory groups. Data from facilitator notes and activities were analysed thematically, resulting in a set of intervention principles.
Results
The intervention principles highlighted that: (1) to reduce isolation and loneliness parents and young people wanted to be connected to services, resources, and peer support networks within their local community, particularly by a knowledgeable and friendly community worker; (2) to address feelings of being misunderstood, parents and young people wanted the development of specialised trauma informed training for practitioners and to have the space to build trusting, gradual, and non-stigmatising relationships with practitioners; and (3) to address the needs and strengths of individual family members, mothers, fathers, and young people wanted separate, tailored, and confidential support.
Conclusions
The current study has important implications for practice in supporting families that experience multiple and interacting adversities. The intervention principles from this study share common characteristics with other intervention models currently on offer in the United Kingdom, including social prescribing, but go beyond these to holistically consider the whole families’ needs, environments, and circumstances. There should be particular focus on the child’s as well as the mothers' and fathers' needs, independently of the family unit. Further refinement and piloting of the developing intervention are needed.