bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of topically administered atropine on tear production in dogs
Authors: Hollingsworth Steven R. , Canton David D. , Buyukmihci Nedim C. , Farver Thomas B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Baseline tear production values were established for both eyes of 19 dogs, using the Schirmer tear test. Atropine sulfate, 1% solution, was administered topically in the left eye of each dog once daily for 14 days. Tear production was then determined for both eyes at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes, and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. A final Schirmer tear test reading was obtained for each eye 5 weeks after the last atropine treatment to check for the possibility of prolonged effect. Both eyes had statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in tear production that was most marked at 120 minutes after atropine instillation, then returned to baseline values by 300 minutes after instillation. Although atropine was placed in the left eye only, statistically significant difference was not apparent in Schirmer tear test values between the left and right eyes. Tear production continued to decrease in both eyes over time, becoming statistically significant (P < 0.05) on day 9. However, on days 12 and 15, tear production in the untreated eye plateaued, but that in the treated eye continued to decrease. Five weeks after the last treatment with atropine, both eyes still had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in tear production, although Schirmer tear test values had increased from day-15 values and appeared to be returning to baseline. Association was not evident between age or body weight and magnitude of response to topically applied atropine.
Familial cataracts and concurrent ocular anomalies in Chow Chows
Authors: Collins B. Keith , Collier Linda L. , Johnson Gary S. , Shibuya Hisashi , Moore Cecil P. , da Silva Curiel Jeannette M. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A closely inbred line of Chow Chows affected with congenital cataracts was studied. Sixteen dogs were examined including 1 adult male, 2 adult females, and 13 pups. Twelve of the pups were from 6 different litters, out of 6 different bitches, all sired by 1 adult male. The exact relationship of the thirteenth pup was undetermined. Clinical evaluation included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, biomicroscopic photography, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Clinical appearance of the cataracts was variable, ranging from incipient nuclear or capsular lesions to advanced cortical opacity. The lens nucleus was most consistently affected, with variable involvement of the lens cortex. Concurrent ocular anomalies of some eyes included wandering nystagmus, entropion, microphthalmia, persistent pupillary membrane remnants, and multifocal retinal folds. A correlation was not apparent between the character or severity of the cataracts and the fnding of the other anomalies. Histologic examination of 12 lenses revealed posterior displacement of the lens nucleus, retained lens epithelial cell nuclei in the nuclear and cortical lens, anterior capsular irregularity and duplication, anterior lens epithelial duplication, and posterior subcapsular migration of epithelium. The high incidence of cataract in this family of Chow Chows suggested an inherited defect, although the inheritance pattern was undetermined.
Anesthetic management of ostriches
Authors: Cornick Janyce L. , Jensen James 
Published: December 2023

Summary
We evaluated and characterized several anesthetic induction protocols used to facilitate intubation and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane in 7 adult ostriches and 1 juvenile ostrich. Induction protocols included iv administration of zolazepam/tiletamine, iv administration of diazepam/ketamine with and without xylazine, iv administration of xylazine/ketamine, im administration of carfentanil or xylazine/carfentanil, and mask induction with isoflurane. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen for various procedures, including proventriculotomy (6 birds), tibial (1 bird) or mandibular (1 bird) fracture repair, and drainage of an iatrogenic hematoma (1 bird). Heart rate and respiratory rate varied greatly among birds. The arterial blood pressure values recorded from 6 of the birds during maintenance of general anesthesia were higher than values recorded for most mammalian species, but were comparable to values reported for awake chickens and turkeys.
Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of combinations of acepromazine/butorphanol and acepromazine/oxymorphone in dogs
Authors: Cornick J. L. , Hartsfield S. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of the following tranquilizer-opioid drug combinations were compared in conscious dogs: acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg of body weight, iv) and butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg, iv); acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg, im) and butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg, im); and acepromazine (0.22 mg/kg, iv) and oxymorphone (0.22 mg/kg, iv). Marked sedation and lateral recumbency that required minimal or no restraint was achieved with every drug combination. Analgesia was significantly better in dogs receiving oxymorphone than in dogs receiving butorphanol, as evaluated by response to toe pinch. There were no significant differences between the effects of the 3 drug combinations on heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial pH, PCO2, PO2, and bicarbonate concentration. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic arterial pressure decreased significantly over time with all drug combinations. Total recovery time (minutes from the initial injection to standing) was significantly longer in the dogs given acepromazine and oxymorphone.
Effects of recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on white blood cell production in clinically normal and neutropenic dogs
Authors: Mishu Leslie , Callahan Ginger , Allebban Zuhair , Maddux Jeanne M. , Boone Thomas C. , Souza Lawrence M. , Lothrop Clinton D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rcG-CSF) was administered to clinically normal dogs, cyclic-hematopoietic dogs, and dogs undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation, to determine whether rcG-CSF could be used to stimulate wbc production and function in normal and neutropenic dogs. To the normal dogs, rcG-CSF was administered by sc injection at rates of 1 μg/kg of body weight, q 12 h; 2 μg/kg, q 12 h; or 5 μg/kg, q 12 h. A significant dose-dependent increase in the wbc count resulted from the stimulation of bone marrow progenitor cells. The increased wbc count was characterized by mature neutrophilia and monocytosis. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase and phagocytic activity were normal in rcG-CSF-treated normal dogs, demonstrating the production of normal functional neutrophils in response to rcG-CSF treatment.
Recombinant canine G-CSF prevented neutropenia and associated clinical signs but did not completely eliminate the cycling of neutrophils in cyclic-hematopoietic dogs when it was administered at rates of 1 μg/kg, q 12 h, and 2.5 μg/kg, q 12 h. The time to bone marrow reconstitution was not decreased in dogs treated with rcG-CSF at a rate of 2.5 μ/kg, q 12 h, for 13 days following autologous bone marrow transplantation. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that treatment with rcG-CSF is an effective way to stimulate myelopoiesis in dogs, but that the dose of rcG-CSF required to stimulate wbc production will vary depending on the cause of neutropenia. Recombinant canine G-CSF should be useful in stimulating production and maintaining function of wbc for treatment of clinical diseases seen commonly in veterinary practice.
Respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrest in dogs and cats: 265 cases (1986-1991)
Authors: Wingfield Wayne E. , Van Pelt Deborah R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Outcomes of cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation in clinically affected dogs and cats have not been adequately studied. We examined the records from 200 dogs and 65 cats that had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation for respiratory or cardiopulmonary arrest; none of the animals had been anesthetized or intubated at the time of arrest, and all had been hospitalized in a veterinary critical care facility. Cardiopulmonary arrest was found to be more common than respiratory arrest in dogs and cats. Hospital discharge rates for animals with cardiopulmonary arrest ranged from 4.1% for dogs to 9.6% for cats, and were consistent with those reported from studies of human beings with cardiopulmonary arrest. Hospital discharge rates for dogs and cats with respiratory arrest were 28% and 58.3%, respectively.
Estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of the agar gel immunodiffusion test for bovine leukemia virus: 1,296 cases (1982-1989)
Authors: Monke Donald R. , Rohde Ronald F. , Hueston William D. , Milburn Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A retrospective study of the results of 12,549 agar gel immunodiffusion tests for bovine leukemia virus, conducted on 1,296 dairy bulls over an 8-year period, was performed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the test. The number of tests performed on each bull ranged from 5 to 35, with a mean of 9.7 tests per bull.
Bulls were categorized by their agar gel immunodiffusion test responses; 1,069 (82.5%) were non-infected and 227 (17.5%) were infected. Eighteen false-positive results were reported from the noninfected bulls. Test specificity was estimated to be 99.8%. Thirty-one false-negative results were reported from the infected bulls. Test sensitivity was estimated to be 98.5%.
Fifty-six bulls had 1 or more positive responses when < 6 months old. In 26 (46%), these results were thought to be attributable to colostral immunity.
Meningitis in neonatal calves: 32 cases (1983-1990)
Authors: Green Sherril L. , Smith Laura L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Case records of 32 neonatal calves with the antemortem diagnosis of meningitis were reviewed. Mean age at admission was 6 days (range, 11 hours to 30 days), and the most common concurrent clinical problem was diarrhea (16/32). Twenty-seven of the calves were available for necropsy. At postmortem, there was evidence of septicemia in 22 (81%) of these calves. Escherichia coli was the organism most frequently isolated (11/16; 69%) from the cns.
The major clinical signs of cns disturbance observed over the course of hospitalization were lethargy, recumbency, anorexia, loss of suckle reflex, and coma. Leukocytosis and a left shift was evident in 11 of 15 (73%) calves. Concurrent metabolic problems that could have aggravated the cns disturbance included hyperkalemia and respiratory acidosis. Analysis cerebrospinal of fluid from 22 of the calves, revealed pleocytosis, xanthochromia, turbidity, and high total protein concentration. Cytologically, neutrophils predominated in the csf in calves with acute disease. Mononuclear cells dominated in calves with chronic disease. Microscopically, bacteria were evident in 10 of 22 (45%) of the antemortem csf samples and bacteria were isolated from slightly more than half (11/19) of the specimens subjected to microbial culturing. Escherichia coli was the agent most frequently isolated from the csf. Two of the 9 E coli isolates were resistant to trimethoprim potentiated sulfonamide drugs and all (4/4) of the csf E coli isolates tested for susceptibility to triple-sulfonamide drugs were resistant.
Twenty-seven of the 32 calves died or were euthanatized within 2.43 days after hospitalization. Other conditions identified at necropsy were: rabies (1 calf), lumbar vertebrae fracture (1 calf), birth-related asphyxial injury (1 calf), and severe brain edema attributed to hypernatremia. The 5 remaining calves were discharged from the hospital, but later died or were euthanatized because of related complications during the convalescent period, and were not available for necropsy.
Cystine-containing urinary calculi in dogs: 102 cases (1981-1989)
Authors: Case Lisa C. , Ling Gerald V. , Franti Charles E. , Ruby Annette L. , Stevens Fredric , Johnson Deedra L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
One hundred and seven cystine-containing urinary calculi from 1 female and 101 male dogs were analyzed. Cystine-containing calculi accounted for 2% (107 of 5,375) of all canine urinary calculi submitted to the urinary stone analysis laboratory from July 1981 through December 1989. Male dogs that formed cystine calculi were compared with 3 other canine populations to determine whether certain breeds were apparently at increased or decreased risk for cystine calculus formation. In one or more of 3 population comparisons, significantly increased risk of cystine calculus formation was found in Mastiffs, Australian Cattle Dogs, English Bulldogs, Chihuahuas, Bullmastiffs, Newfoundlands, Dachshunds, Basenjis, Australian Shepherd Dogs, Scottish Deerhounds, Staffordshire Terriers, Miniature Pinschers, pitbull terriers, Welsh Corgis, Silky Terriers, and Bichon Frises. Significantly low risk of cystine calculus formation was found in German Shepherd Dogs, Poodles, Schnauzers, and mixed-breed dogs.
Description and evaluation of the influence of veterinary presence on the use of antibiotics and sulfonamides in dairy herds
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Miller RoseAnn 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A longitudinal study was conducted over 2 years to identify types of antibiotics and sulfonamides used in Michigan dairy herds for disease prevention and treatment, to determine patterns of use of antibiotics and sulfonamides by herd size and animal age group, and to determine the influence of veterinary presence during diagnosis on the types of antimicrobials used for disease treatments.
In order of frequency, the most commonly used preventive antibiotic and sulfonamides were penicillins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins, making up over 86% of all antimicrobials used for disease prevention. The most commonly used therapeutic antibiotics and sulfonamides were penicillins, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides, making up over 81% of all antimicrobial drugs used for disease treatment. Cows received the greatest number of drugs, followed by calves (cattle from birth to weaning). Young stock (cattle from weaning to first calving) received the lowest number of drugs. All herds had similar patterns of drug use for the 3 age groups, regardless of herd size.
With the exception of polymyxin and chloramphenicol, producers used antibiotics on their own more than with a veterinarian present or on the advice of a veterinarian. Overall, veterinary presence was significantly associated with increased use of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and nitrofurans, and decreased use of penicillins and aminoglycosides. Implications for drug residue prevention strategies are discussed, with emphasis on the role of the practicing veterinarian.
Survey for drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in 13 commercial sheep flocks
Authors: Uhlinger Christine , Fleming Sherrill , Moncol Dan 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The prevalence of drug-resistant ovine parasites in the United States has not been widely reported. Thirteen flocks, typical of commercial sheep production units, were selected for survey. Four anthelmintics (fenbendazole, ivermectin, pyrantel pamoate, and levamisole) were tested for their ability to reduce herd mean pretreatment fecal egg count. If a properly dosed and administered drug failed to reduce herd mean pretreatment fecal egg count by 80%, it was considered ineffective in that flock, and the presence of parasites resistant to that drug was inferred.
Fenbendazole administration changed pretreatment fecal egg counts by +9% to −100%. On the basis of the aforementioned definition, drug resistance existed in 6 of 13 flocks. Posttreatment larval culture indicated that Haemonchus contortus survived administration of fenbendazole. Levamisole, pyrantel pamoate, and ivermectin reduced pretreatment fecal egg count by −83% to −100%; resistance to these products was not evident in the flocks surveyed.
Clinical findings in cats with dilated cardiomyopathy and relationship of findings to taurine deficiency
Authors: Pion Paul D. , Kittleson Mark D. , Thomas William P. , Skiles Mary L. , Rogers Quinton R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Between October 1986 and September 1988, 37 cats with moderate to severe idiopathic myocardial failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) were evaluated prospectively. Low plasma taurine concentration and diet history including foods that can cause taurine deficiency were documented in most of the cats. Comparison with a retrospectively studied population of 33 cats with dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed between 1980 and 1986 demonstrated that the clinical and historical findings in the 33 retrospectively studied cats were similar to those in the 37 cats studied prospectively. Clinical findings in the 2 groups were also similar to findings previously reported in the literature. Because clinical findings and diet history were similar in the prospective and retrospective groups, we believe that many cats in the latter group had diet-induced taurine deficiency. These findings support the conclusion that most cases of dilated cardiomyopathy in cats have a common etiopathogenesis related to diet and as such are preventable.
Renal transplantation for treatment of end-stage renal failure in cats
Authors: Gregory C. R. , Gourley I. M. , Kochin E. J. , Broaddus T. W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Renal transplantation was performed as treatment of end-stage renal failure in 23 cats. Twenty-two cats had chronic renal disease and 1 cat had acute renal disease associated with ethylene glycol-induced toxicosis. Sixteen cats were discharged from the hospital. Nine survived a mean of 8.4 ± 6.5 months, and 7 cats continue to survive at the time of this report (mean 12.6 months). Seven cats died within 2 weeks of surgery. All renal allografts were obtained from unrelated blood-crossmatch-compatible donors. No deaths were attributable to acute renal allograft rejection, demonstrating the successful maintenance of renal allografts by use of cyclosporine and prednisolone immunosuppression in cats.
Milk production, water consumption, and somatic cell count responses of cows subject to one to two volts of alternating current
Authors: Southwick Lee H. , Wilson David J. , Sears Philip M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A dairy farm located in central New York was visited because of complaints of electrical shock in the farmhouse shower and the milk house sink. As much as 2 volts AC of potential difference was measured between the waterline and the cow platform (cow-contact voltage). Voltage was coming from the primary neutral wire. The farm's electrical service was modified so that the farmstead could be connected or disconnected from the primary neutral wire at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks. When connected to the primary neutral wire, voltage between waterline and floor ranged between 0 and 1.8 volts, producing estimated current flow through cows of 3.6 to 4.9 mA; when disconnected from primary neutral wire, voltage between waterline and floor was < 0.1 volt. There was no difference in mean milk production, bulk tank milk somatic cell count, or water consumption among periods when cows were exposed or unexposed to voltage. Despite statistical nonsignificance, the values for somatic cell count were lower and water consumption was higher when cows were exposed to voltage than when they were not.
Morbidity and mortality in pups from pet stores and private sources: 968 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Hird David W. , Ruble Randall P. , Reagor Stephen G. , Cronkhite Pamila K. , Johnson Michael W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Morbidity (≥ 1 disease condition) for pups sold from 3 pet stores from January 1987 through December 1988 ranged from 54 to 68%. In 1 store, morbidity was higher for store pups, compared with pups originating from private parties, for such disease conditions as “kennel cough,’’ diarrhea, and several species of gastrointestinal parasites. In-store mortality ranged from 5 to 9.5% of pups arriving for sale.
Comparison of recoveries from halothane vs isoflurane anesthesia in horses
Authors: Matthews N. S. , Miller S. M. , Hartsfield S. M. , Slater M. R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia was shorter, with no difference in quality, compared with halothane anesthesia in 2 groups of horses. In 1 group, 12 horses scheduled for elective arthroscopy were randomly assigned to receive halothane or isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia during surgery. In the other group, 6 horses received anesthesia only, on 2 occasions, with halothane on 1 occasion, and isoflurane on the other. Difference in the quality of recovery was not seen between isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in either group. In the group that had surgery, recovery to sternal position was significantly shorter when isoflurane was used. In the group not treated surgically, recovery to sternal and standing positions was significantly shorter with isoflurane.
Identification and eradication of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a persistently infected dairy herd
Authors: Bezek D. M. , Mechor G. D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A milking herd consisting of 55 Holstein cows had experienced abortions in several cows, as well as congenital malformations in 1 newborn calf. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from blood mononuclear cell samples obtained from several cattle, documenting 1 acute infection and 8 persistently infected carriers identified by clinical appearance and laboratory testing. Initial suspicion of persistently infected status in some, but not all animals, was facilitated by poor growth rates in some calves. Virus isolation was performed on transtracheal wash fluid obtained from acutely and persistently infected cattle with respiratory tract infection. We describe the measures taken to identify and characterize the infecting virus strain, and the series of actions taken to identify and eliminate persistently infected carriers in a herd experiencing several related problems that were shown to be caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus.
Induced transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Lindsay D. S. , Anderson M. L. , Davis S. W. , Shen S. K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Three Jersey cows were inoculated sc and IM with 26 million Neospora caninum tachyzoites at 129 (cow 1), 126 (cow 2), and 81 (cow 3) days after mating. Cows remained clinically normal for at least 1 month after inoculation of N caninum. Cow 1 was euthanatized 32 days after inoculation because of gangrenous mastitis. Cow 1 had a live fetus with no gross lesions; however, microscopic lesions were seen in the fetus and consisted of severe nonsuppurative necrotizing encephalitis of the cerebral white matter. Neospora caninum was identified in lesions by staining with anti-N caninum serum in an immunohistochemical test, by bioassays in mice, and by inoculation of bovine monocyte cultures with fetal tissue homogenate. Neither N caninum nor lesions were associated with infection with the protozoon identified in tissues of cow 1. Cows 2 and 3 aborted small autolysed fetuses 101 and 74 days, respectively, after inoculation with N caninum; the fetuses and attached placenta were unsuitable for laboratory investigations. Cows 2 and 3 remained clinically normal 4 months after abortion. Results of this study indicated that N caninum can be transmitted transplacentally in cattle.