bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What constitutes health‐related quality of life in dementia? Development of a conceptual framework for people with dementia and their carers
Authors: Smith Sarah C. , Murray Joanna , Banerjee Sube , Foley Beth , Cook Joanna C. , Lamping Donna L. , Prince Martin , Harwood Rowan H. , Levin Enid , Mann Anthony 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of multi‐dimensional outcomes such as health‐related quality of life (HRQL) is particularly relevant in dementia where the disease can compromise all areas of functioning. The nature of dementia can make self‐report difficult, yet the subjective nature of HRQL makes the value of proxy reports limited. Previous work suggests that there are domains of HRQL that are unique to dementia. We aimed to develop a conceptual framework of HRQL in dementia from the perspective of people with dementia and their carers and to examine differences in the reports of the HRQL of these two groups.MethodsWe combined existing literature and new qualitative data to develop the conceptual framework and analysed qualitative data using content analysis.ResultsWe identified five domains: daily activities and looking after yourself, health and well‐being, cognitive functioning, social relationships and self‐concept, and each was defined by specific descriptive components. There were differences between people with dementia and carers in the way they described these domains.ConclusionsWe have developed a conceptual framework of HRQL in dementia that incorporates the views of people with dementia and their carers. This provides the basis for the development of a new measure of HRQL in dementia (DEMQOL). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroleptics are associated with more severe tangle pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Ballard C. G. , Perry R. H. , McKeith I. G. , Perry E. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundNeuroleptics are only modestly effective in dementia and asociated with a range of adverse effects including cognitive decline. Effects of the drugs on molecular pathology in brain tissue from people with dementia have not been investigated.ObjectivesTo compare the severity of Alzheimer type pathology in matched groups of people with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), treated and not treated with neuroleptics.MethodsThe relationship between neuroleptics and Alzheimer‐type pathology was determined in 40 (17 neuroleptic treated, 23 neuroleptic free, matched for age, disease duration and psychosis) clinically prospectively studied, autopsy diagnosed DLB patients.ResultsIn regression analyses, taking neuroleptics was significantly associated with increased neurofibrillary tangles but not amyloid plaques in cortical areas examined. The patient characteristics and the frequencies of key psychiatric symptoms were similar in the patients taking and not taking neuroleptics.ConclusionAlthough patients were not randomized and the results which are observed need to be interpreted cautiously, if substantiated, this is an important finding with major implications for the pharmacological management of DLB patients and highlights the need to determine the impact of neuroleptics upon tangle pathology in AD. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIP/PAP Accelerates Liver Regeneration and Protects Against Acetaminophen Injury in Mice *
Authors: Lieu Hanh-Tu , Batteux Frédéric , Simon Marie-Thérèse , Cortes Alexandre , Nicco Carole , Zavala Flora , Pauloin Alain , Tralhao José Guilherme , Soubrane Olivier , Weill Bernard , Bréchot Christian , Christa Laurence 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatic-associated protein HIP/PAP is a secreted C-type lectin belonging to group VII, according to Drickamer's classification. HIP/PAP is overexpressed in liver carcinoma; however, its functional role remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that HIP/PAP is a paracrine hepatic growth factor promoting both proliferation and viability of liver cells

in vivo

. First, a low number of implanted hepatocytes deriving from HIP/PAP-transgenic mice (<1:1,000) was sufficient to stimulate overall recipient severe combined immunodeficiency liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. After a single injection of HIP/PAP protein, the percentages of bromodeoxyuridine-positive nuclei and mitosis were statistically higher than after saline injection, indicating that HIP/PAP acts as a paracrine mitogenic growth factor for the liver. Comparison of the early events posthepatectomy in control and transgenic mice indicated that HIP/PAP accelerates the accumulation/degradation of nuclear phospho–signal transducer activator transcription factor 3 and tumor necrosis factor α level, thus reflecting that HIP/PAP accelerates liver regeneration. Second, we showed that 80% of the HIP/PAP-transgenic mice versus 25% of the control mice were protected against lethal acetaminophen-induced fulminate hepatitis. A single injection of recombinant HIP/PAP induced a similar cytoprotective effect, demonstrating the antiapoptotic effect of HIP/PAP. Comparison of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione reductase-like effects in control and transgenic liver mice indicated that HIP/PAP exerts an antioxidant activity and prevents reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage by acetaminophen overdose.
In conclusion
, the present data offer new insights into the biological functions of C-type lectins. In addition, HIP/PAP is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of liver failure. (Hepatology 2005;42:618–626.)
Combined effect of BMP‐2 gene transfer and bioactive glass microspheres on enhancement of new bone formation
Authors: Välimäki V.‐V. , Yrjans J. J. , Vuorio E. , Aro H. T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAdenovirus‐mediated recombinant human BMP‐2 (RAdBMP‐2) gene transfer has been found to have significant osteoinductive properties. The hypothesis of the current study was that bioactive glass surface could provide favorable osteoconductive conditions for cellular action of osteoinductive RAdBMP‐2 gene transfer. In the rat proximal tibia, a portion of the medullary cavity was evacuated and filled with bioactive glass microspheres and injected with adenovirus carrying the human BMP‐2 gene (BG/RAdBMP‐2). Control defects filled with BG microspheres were injected with adenovirus carrying the LacZ reporter gene (BG/RAdLacZ) or saline (BG). Empty control defects were also used. Bone healing response was analyzed at 4 days, and at 2 and 8 weeks by radiography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), histomorphometry, and backscattered electron imaging of scanning electron microscopy (BEI‐SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA). In empty controls, the amount of intramedullary new bone peaked at 2 weeks, whereas defects filled with bioactive glass with and without RAdBMP‐2 gene transfer showed a constant time‐related increase of intramedullary new bone. At 8 weeks, there was significantly more new bone in defects treated with BG and RAdBMP‐2 than in defects left to heal without filling (p < 0.001). Compared with the other controls (BG only or BG/RAdLacZ), the difference was not significant. In the current model, the osteopromotive effect of bioactive glass microspheres appears synergistic with the osteoinductive action of BMP‐2 gene transfer, or one overshadows the other, as no additive effect was observed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Macroporous condensed poly(tetrafluoroethylene). I. In vivo inflammatory response and healing characteristics
Authors: Voskerician Gabriela , Gingras Peter H. , Anderson James M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study was designed to determine whether the novel spatial geometry of macroporous condensed poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (cPTFE) favorably affects the in vivo repair process. Specifically, the macroporous surface geometry and the reduced material thickness contribute to better healing characteristics. For this purpose, three other materials used for abdominal wall repair were selected, expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE), low‐weight poly(propylene) (lwPP), and high‐weight poly(propylene) (hwPP). Samples of each material (1 × 2 cm, n = 4) were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 7, 28, or 56 days. After sacrificing the animals, at each time point, the tissue implant sites were subjected to morphometric analysis and evaluation of inflammatory and wound‐healing tissue characteristics. Although the fibrous capsule thickness did not significantly vary among the four materials (p > 0.05), cPTFE consistently led to the most mature fibrous capsule. However, ePTFE showed the greatest tissue–material integration. Both PP materials presented various levels of tissue integration, but they were characterized by significant early inflammation and increased foreign body reaction around the mesh openings, especially for hwPP. In contrast, cPTFE did not induce extensive inflammation or elevated foreign body reaction around its mesh openings. We conclude that cPTFE combines the inherent PTFE biocompatibility with low polymer surface area (large mesh openings, reduced material thickness) leading to a better inflammatory and wound healing response compared to available materials used in abdominal wall reconstruction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The corpus callosum as an evolutionary innovation
Authors: Mihrshahi Robin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe corpus callosum (CC) is the major interhemispheric fibre bundle in the eutherian brain and has been described as a true evolutionary innovation. This paper reviews the current literature with regard to functional, developmental and genetic concepts that may help elucidate the evolutionary origin of this structure.It has been suggested that the CC arose in the eutherian brain as a more direct and, therefore, more effective system for the interhemispheric integration of topographically organized sensory cortices than the anterior commissure (AC) and hippocampal commissure (HC) already present in nonplacental mammals. It can also be argued, however, that the ability of the CC to integrate the newly evolving motor cortices of placental mammals may have played a role in the evolutionary fixation of this structureInvestigations into the developmental mechanism involved in the formation of the CC and their underlying patterns of gene expression make it possible to formulate a tentative hypothesis about the evolutionary origin of this commissure. This paper suggests that changes in the developmental patterns of the expression of certain regulatory genes may have allowed a first group of callosal pioneering axons to cross the cortical midline. These pioneering fibres may have used the axons of the HC to find their way across the midline. Additional callosal fibres may then have fasciculated with these pioneers. Once the CC had formed in this way, more complex systems of axonal guidance may have evolved over time, thus enabling a gradual increase in the size and complexity of the CC. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304B, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual gene order and organization of the sea urchin hox cluster
Authors: Cameron R. Andrew , Rowen Lee , Nesbitt Ryan , Bloom Scott , Rast Jonathan P. , Berney Kevin , Arenas‐Mena Cesar , Martinez Pedro , Lucas Susan , Richardson Paul M. , Davidson Eric H. , Peterson Kevin J. , Hood Leroy 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhile the highly consistent gene order and axial colinear patterns of expression seem to be a feature of vertebrate hox gene clusters, this pattern may be less well conserved across the rest of the bilaterians. We report the first deuterostome instance of an intact hox cluster with a unique gene order where the paralog groups are not expressed in a sequential manner. The finished sequence from BAC clones from the genome of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, reveals a gene order wherein the anterior genes (Hox1, Hox2 and Hox3) lie nearest the posterior genes in the cluster such that the most 3′ gene is Hox5. (The gene order is 5′‐Hox1, 2, 3, 11/13c, 11/13b, 11/13a, 9/10, 8, 7, 6, 5‐3′.) The finished sequence result is corroborated by restriction mapping evidence and BAC‐end scaffold analyses. Comparisons with a putative ancestral deuterostome Hox gene cluster suggest that the rearrangements leading to the sea urchin gene order were many and complex. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304B, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition reduces oxidative stress and protects dopaminergic neurons in a 6‐hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinsonism
Authors: Lopez‐Real A. , Rey P. , Soto‐Otero R. , Mendez‐Alvarez E. , Labandeira‐Garcia J.L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt is now established that the brain possesses a local renin‐angiotensin system and that angiotensin II exerts multiple actions in the nervous system, including regulation of striatal dopamine release. Furthermore, angiotensin activates NADPH‐dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure, have shown antioxidant properties in several tissues. Oxidative stress is a key contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we treated rats with intraventricular injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine and subcutaneous injections of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor Captopril to study the possible neuroprotective effect of the latter on the dopaminergic system and on 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced oxidative stress. Rats treated with Captopril and 6‐hydroxydopamine showed significantly less reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons (i.e., immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase) in the substantia nigra and in the density of striatal dopaminergic terminals than 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats not treated with Captopril. In addition, Captopril reduced the levels of major oxidative stress indicators (i.e., lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation) in the ventral midbrain and the striatum of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats. Our results suggest that angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors may be useful for treatment of Parkinson's disease and that further investigation should focus on the neuroprotective capacity of these compounds. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enthalpy of formation and bond energies on unsaturated oxygenated hydrocarbons using G3MP2B3 calculation methods
Authors: Sebbar Nadia , Bozzelli Joseph W. , Bockhorn Henning 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEnthalpies of unsaturated oxygenated hydrocarbons and radicals corresponding to the loss of hydrogen atoms from the parent molecules are intermediates and decomposition products in the oxidation and combustion of aromatic and polyaromatic species. Enthalpies (ΔfH0298) are calculated for a set of 27 oxygenated and nonoxygenated, unsaturated hydrocarbons and 12 radicals at the G3MP2B3 level of theory and with the commonly used B3LYP/6‐311g(d,p) density functional theory (DFT) method. Standard enthalpies of formation (ΔfH0298) are determined from the calculated enthalpy of reaction (ΔH0rxn,298) using isodesmic work reactions with reference species that have accurately known ΔfH0298 values. The deviation between G3MP2B3 and B3LYP methods is under ±0.5 kcal mol−1 for 9 species, 18 other species differs by less than ±1 kcal mol−1 , and 11 species differ by about 1.5 kcal mol−1. Under them are 11 radicals derived from the above‐oxygenated hydrocarbons that show good agreement between G3MP2B3 and B3LYP methods. G3 calculations have been performed to further validate enthalpy values, where a discrepancy of more than 2.5 kcal mol−1 exists between the G3MP3B3 and density functional results. Surprisingly the G3 calculations support the density functional calculations in these several nonagreement cases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 633–648, 2005
Evaluating data for atmospheric models, an example: CH3O2 + NO2 = CH3O2NO2
Authors: Golden David M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractData in both directions for the title reaction have been statistically fit (weighted nonlinear least squares) to the different formalisms used by the NASA and IUPAC data evaluation panels. The data are well represented by either formalism. Master equation/RRKM methods were then employed in an attempt to reconcile the statistical formulae with theory. This was possible within reasonable bounds using the NASA formulation but more difficult using the IUPAC results. There are sufficient assumptions and unknowns in this attempt, such that the real “bottom line” is that while assuring reasonable agreement with theory is satisfying, spending much time and energy on details needed to represent pressure‐dependent rate coefficients for use in atmospheric or other models of “engineering” problems is not terribly worthwhile. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 625–632, 2005
The Effect of Chain Architecture of In Situ Formed Copolymers on Interfacial Morphology of Reactive Polymer Blends
Authors: Kim Hwang Yong , Ryu Du Yeol , Jeong Unyong , Kho Dong Han , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: The effect of chain architecture of in situ formed copolymers on the interfacial morphology of reactive polymer blends was investigated. We found that the chain architectures of copolymers at the interface significantly affected the reaction and interface roughness. Although the amount of in situ formed Y‐shaped graft copolymers was smaller than that for diblock copolymers, the interface area generated by the former was larger than that generated by the latter.Cross‐sectional TEM images for the mid‐sample reacted at 180 °C for different reaction times.imageCross‐sectional TEM images for the mid‐sample reacted at 180 °C for different reaction times.
Glass Transition Dynamics of Poly(L‐lactic acid) during Isothermal Crystallisation Monitored by Real‐Time Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy Measurements
Authors: Dionísio Madalena , Viciosa María Teresa , Wang Yaming , Mano João F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy was used to monitor the development of crystallinity in poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) at 80 °C. The continuous shifting of the main loss peak towards lower frequencies was modelled considering the evolution of three relaxation processes: the α‐process of the bulk‐like (non‐restricted) amorphous phase, the α‐process of the amorphous fraction influenced by the crystalline structure and the β‐relaxation. It was found that the shape parameters and the position of the loss peaks are essentially constants during crystallisation, just with their dielectric strengths varying. This indicates that (i) the two segmental dynamics process develops independently and (ii) the dynamics features of the (slower) confined amorphous phase do not change during crystallisation. Optical microscopy results showed that a correlation exists between the evolution of the spherulitic morphology and the dielectric strength of the α‐processes.Dielectric loss in the frequency domain for PLLA during crystallisation at 80 °C and polarised optical micrographs showing the spherulitic morphology in PLLA after 45 min during isothermal crystallisation.imageDielectric loss in the frequency domain for PLLA during crystallisation at 80 °C and polarised optical micrographs showing the spherulitic morphology in PLLA after 45 min during isothermal crystallisation.
Novel Biomembrane‐Mimicking Polymer Surface with Environmental Responsiveness
Authors: Tan Hong , Sun Taolei , Li Jiehua , Guo Min , Xie Xingyi , Zhong Yinping , Fu Qiang , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: In this article, we designed and synthesized novel segmented poly(carbonate urethane)s containing both hydrophobic fluorinated alkyl group and hydrophilic phosphatidylcholine polar head groups on the side chain. The contact angle measurement, XPS, together with ATR‐IR investigation indicated a reversible overturn of the phosphatidylcholine groups with the movement of the hydrophobic fluorinated alkyl groups when the samples were treated in dry air or water. The change in environment from air to water induced a reorganization of the surface in order to minimize the interfacial free energy, resulting in a macroscopic change of surface wettability. The good environmental responsiveness of such biomembrane‐mimicking films may find successful applications as biomaterials.Environmentally responsive surface using FPCPCU50 as an example; FPCPCU50 coated on aligned carbon nanotube film and dried in vacuum at 50 °C for 7 h and sample c treated in hot water at 80 °C for 1 h.imageEnvironmentally responsive surface using FPCPCU50 as an example; FPCPCU50 coated on aligned carbon nanotube film and dried in vacuum at 50 °C for 7 h and sample c treated in hot water at 80 °C for 1 h.
Synthesis of a Novel Polyfunctional Anionic Macroinitiator from a Polyfunctional 1,1‐Diphenylethylene Agent
Authors: Cheng Chong , Yang Nan‐Loh 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: A polyfunctional 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE) agent was prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of a DPE‐functionalized norbornene monomer. Its reaction with sec‐butyllithium gave a novel polyfunctional anionic macroinitiator with one 1,1‐diarylalkyllithium initiation functionality per repeating unit. The significant applicability of this polyfunctional anionic macroinitiator was demonstrated by its excellent initiation efficiencies in anionic polymerization and a preparation of a graft copolymer with well‐controlled long and dense diblock grafts.Preparation of a polyfunctional anionic macroinitiator based on ROMP and DPE chemistry.imagePreparation of a polyfunctional anionic macroinitiator based on ROMP and DPE chemistry.
Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate): Rapid Hydrolyse using a Hydrolase from T. fusca
Authors: Müller Rolf‐Joachim , Schrader Hedwig , Profe Jörn , Dresler Karolin , Deckwer Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: It is demonstrated that PET, which is usually regarded as ‘non‐biodegradable’, can effectively be depolymerized by a hydrolase from the actinomycete Thermobifida fusca. Erosion rates of 8 to 17 µm per week were obtained upon incubation at 55 °C. Lipases from Pseudomonas sp. and Candida antarctica did not degrade PET under comparable conditions. The influences of crystallinity, melting point, and glass transition temperature on the enzymatic attack on PET, PBT, and PHB are discussed.Outline of the degradation of PET.imageOutline of the degradation of PET.
Side Chain Influence on Electrochemical and Photovoltaic Properties of Yne‐Containing Poly(phenylene vinylene)s
Authors: Egbe Daniel Ayuk Mbi , Nguyen Le Huong , Hoppe Harald , Mühlbacher David , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: The electrochemical behaviour of four types of (phenylene ethynylene)‐alt‐(phenylene vinylene) hybrid polymers, 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been investigated with respect to the influence of the grafted alkoxy side chains. In the case of the fully substituted polymers 2, 3, and 4, the strong insulating nature of longer linear octadecyl or bulky branched 2‐ethylhexyl side chains lowers the HOMO levels of the polymers thereby increasing the discrepancy, ΔEg, between the electrochemical, E, and the optical, E, bandgap energies. Thus it is not possible to establish a direct correlation between the open circuit voltage, VOC, of bulk heterojunction solar cell devices of the configuration glass substrate/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer 3:PCBM(1:3, w/w)/LiF/Al and the HOMO energy levels of polymer 3 solely, as postulated in the literature. The photovoltaic (PV) parameters greatly depend on the grafted side chains.Linear I–V curves of solar cell devices from polymers 3a–d, measured in the dark and under 100 mW · cm−2 solar simulator illumination.imageLinear I–V curves of solar cell devices from polymers 3a–d, measured in the dark and under 100 mW · cm−2 solar simulator illumination.