bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors determining migration intentions in Bangladesh: from land to factory
Authors: Sohad Muhammad Kazim Nur , Celi Giuseppe , Sica Edgardo 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis article explores the migration intentions (MIs) embedded in population movements from rural to urban areas in Bangladesh. In this country, urban-centric development policies have made cities epicentres of commerce and industrialisation, offering significant employment and livelihood opportunities. This rapid transformation has generated several socio-psychological factors that are influencing the willingness of rural populations to migrate to cities for better jobs, lifestyles and services.Design/methodology/approachThe present study adopted the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a conceptual model to assess the behavioural and psychological factors underlying MIs.FindingsThe results of the structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that MIs are mainly influenced by subjective norms (SN) and, to a lesser extent, attitudes towards migration (ATM) and perceived behavioural control (PBC).Originality/valueThe analysis drew on an original dataset built through interviews with migrants from rural areas employed in the ready-made garment (RMG) industry in four selective areas of the Metropolitan City of Chittagong.
Shame on you! How incivility and absence of supporting evidence in likeminded Facebook comments influence evaluations of ingroup members and online political participation
Authors: Kim Yonghwan 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis study examined how likeminded Facebook comments with incivility and without supporting evidence influence readers' evaluations of the commenter and online political participation intention. This study also investigated whether the indirect effect of exposure to uncivil comments and comments without evidence on online political participation through evaluations of the commenters is contingent on the strength of partisanship.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a 2 (uncivil comments vs civil comments) × 2 (comments without supporting evidence vs comments with supporting evidence) factorial design with a scenario about reading similar viewpoints about the gun control issue in Facebook comments.FindingsThe results showed that compared to exposure to civil agreeing comments, exposure to uncivil likeminded comments resulted in higher levels of negative evaluations of the commenters, which in turn decreased willingness to participate in political activities online. Exposure to comments without evidence led to more negative evaluations of the commenters, but it did not significantly influence online political participation. In addition, the strength of partisanship did not significantly moderate the indirect effect of exposure to uncivil comments and comments without evidence on online political participation through evaluations of the commenters.Originality/valueAlthough previous studies have demonstrated the significant effects of incivility and reasoned argument, little is known about whether and how people evaluate ingroup members' comments that are uncivil and lacking reasoned arguments. Most of these studies have examined incivility in political contexts, but few have extended the context to the effect of likeminded comments, especially when the comments are uncivil and lack supporting evidence. The current study aims to fill this gap in the literature.
Palliative radiotherapy is effective for both well‐ and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: O'Reilly Eileen , Lao Louis , Woodhouse Braden , Sharples Katrina , Print Cris , Lawrence Ben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe outcomes of palliative radiation therapy (RT) for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are seldom reported. We investigated outcomes following palliative radiotherapy in a cohort of patients with NENs. We hypothesised that well‐differentiated NEN will be less likely to have a clinical response than poorly differentiated NEN.MethodsPatients who received at least one course of palliative RT were identified using the New Zealand NETwork! Registry. Patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, pulmonary small cell carcinoma or asymptomatic patients were excluded. Clinical response to RT within 90 days and overall survival were analysed alongside clinical variables (fractionation, RT site, tumour differentiation and tumour primary site).ResultsThe cohort comprised 79 patients, with 147 courses of palliative RT delivered. Clinical response was measurable for 100 courses, with clinical response rate of 76%. A course delivered to a well‐differentiated NEN was associated with 2.02‐fold (95% CI 0.67, 6.12; P = 0.21) increase in odds of a clinical response compared to a poorly differentiated NEN. Median overall survival from the first fraction of RT was 94 days (95% CI 80, 138 days). Overall survival was higher in well‐differentiated NEN than in poorly differentiated NEN (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.10–0.40, P‐value < 0.001); 30‐day mortality was 7%. There were significantly reduced odds of clinical response for non‐bone sites, and for courses >10 fractions compared to a single fraction.ConclusionPalliative RT is an appropriate option for management of symptoms in patients with both well‐ and poorly differentiated metastatic NEN.
Under what conditions do gender differences exist in power and achievement values? The moderating role of gender ideology
Authors: Prati Gabriele , Stefani Serena 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious studies revealed differences between men and women in value priorities. It has been asserted that men do inherently attribute more importance than women to power and achievement values. Our study brings a sociocultural lens into account employing gender ideology as a moderator of the gender differences in these values. Specifically, we hypothesized that internalization and endorsement of gender role ideology shape gender differences in power and achievement values. We focused on two components of gender ideology as moderators of the gender differences in values: primacy of the breadwinner role, and acceptance of male privilege. We used data from the World Values Survey wave six (89,565 participants from 60 countries). Results indicated that gender ideology moderated the relationship between gender and the endorsement of achievement and power values. Specifically, the relationship between gender and achievement was significantly moderated by acceptance of male privilege, but not of primacy of the breadwinner role. In addition, the association between gender and power was significantly moderated by primacy of the breadwinner role, but not by acceptance of male privilege. In other words, when participants endorse egalitarian gender ideologies, gender differences in power and achievement disappear or even reverse. We contrast previous perspectives assuming inherent gender differences in human values and argue that such differences are related to beliefs in gendered separate spheres.
Governing European educational research through ideas? Incremental ideational change in the European Union's Framework Programme (1994–2020)
Authors: Marques Marcelo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe European Union Framework Programme (EUFP) is the most institutionalised form of supranational thematic programming in the world and the centrepiece of European Union research policy. Since 1994, the EUFP has also funded collaborative research projects in the social sciences. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to its genesis, development, and effects in shaping the development of European science, especially examined by discipline or multidisciplinary fields. The EUFP is thus analysed here through an instruments‐as‐institutions approach that conceptualises the EUFP as an institution. Content analysis of the official documents of each funding cycle (n = 5) and a sample of European‐funded educational research projects (n = 122) was analysed in conducting this research. The results show incremental ideational change of the EUFP's guiding ideas: from knowledge as an instrument to knowledge as a resource; within‐the‐EU to outside‐the‐EU internationalisation; and cooperation to an integration rationale of Europeanisation from the EUFP4 and EUFP5 (1994–2002) to the EUFP6 onwards (2002–2020). European‐funded educational research contents are shaped by such representations of what is expected of European research. If the policy instrument steers European‐funded educational research, ideas more than regulatory features significantly—though incrementally—change the direction of European social science.
The Role of γ/δ T‐Cell Receptor‐Positive Cells in Pregnancy: Part II
Authors: Barakonyi A. , Polgar B. , Szekeres‐Bartho J. 
Published: October 2023

PROBLEM: We have previously demonstrated a significantly increased ratio of γ/δ T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐positive progesterone receptor(PR)‐positive cells in the peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women compared to that of recurrent aborters or non‐pregnant individuals. Treatment of pregnancy lymphocytes with a pan anti‐γ/δ TCR antibody inhibits progesterone‐induced blocking factor (PIBF) production, increases natural killer (NK) activity, and alters the cytokine profile. The present study was aimed at investigating the role of the different γ/δ subpopulations in these phenomena.METHOD OF STUDY: Peripherial blood lymphocytes from healthy pregnant women were incubated with either anti‐γ1.4 and δ1, or anti‐γ9 and δ2 antibodies. The effect of these treatments on PR induction and interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐12 expression were tested by immunocytochemistry. NK activity of anti‐γ/δ treated lymphocytes was also determined.RESULTS: In peripheral blood of healthy pregnant women, the most frequently occurring chain combination was γ1.4/δ1, whereas in recurrent aborters, the γ9/δ2 combination was predominant. Treatment of normal pregnancy lymphocytes with a mixture of γ1.4 and δ1 antibodies resulted in a significantly reduced NK activity and increased PR and IL‐10 expression, whereas treatment with a mixture of γ9 and δ2 antibodies significantly reduced IL‐10 production and slightly increased IL‐12 production and NK activity. These data suggest the presence of two functionally distinct subpopulations in the peripheral blood of pregnant women.
The Possible Role of Classical Human Leukocyte Antigens in Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Christiansen Ole B. 
Published: October 2023

PROBLEM: If immunological factors play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (RM), it is likely that associations between alleles of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and RM exist. Our aim was to investigate HLA‐C alleles in RM couples and HLA‐DR and ‐DQ polymorphism in women with unexplained RM.METHOD OF STUDY: HLA‐C alleles were investigated in 35 RM and 30 control couples and HLA‐DR and ‐DQ allogenotypes were investigated in 234 RM patients and 360 controls. All HLA investigations were undertaken by DNA based methods.RESULTS: We found no difference between the RM and control couples in the degree of paternal incompatibility for maternal HLA‐C alleles and the distribution of the two HLA‐C supertypic specificities that are recognized differently by p58 killer cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) positive natural killer (NK) cells was similar in the two groups. In 97 women with at least four previous miscarriages, significantly higher frequencies of the HLA‐DR1, DQ5 and ‐DR3, DQ2 haplotypes were found compared with 360 controls (P < 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons). Among 94 RM patients followed prospectively, those with HLA‐DR1 and/or ‐DR3 had a 62% miscarriage rate compared with only 29% among those without these alleles (P < 0.05). A large family study indicated that HLA‐DR1 and/or ‐DR3 positive sisters and brothers' wives of probands with RM had an odds ratio of 5.0 for miscarrying their pregnancies compared with corresponding HLA‐DR1 and ‐DR3 negative relatives. Finally, a meta‐analysis of relevant studies based on a MEDLINE search showed that HLA‐DR1, ‐DR3, and ‐DR4 were significantly increased in Caucasian women with RM.CONCLUSIONS: HLA‐DR1, ‐DR3, and maybe ‐DR4 show association to RM in Caucasian women whereas no association to classical HLA class I genes including HLA‐C can be detected in RM couples. The mechanism by which class II alleles confer susceptibility to RM might be by predisposing to hypersecretion of certain cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α at the feto‐maternal interface.
Inhibition of Trophoblast Adhesion to Endothelial Cells by the Sera of Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions
Authors: Bulla R. , Guarrini F. de , Pausa M. , Fischetti F. , Meroni P.L. , Seta F. De , Guaschino S. , Tedesco F. 
Published: October 2023

PROBLEM: May anti‐phospholipid or other autoantibodies interfere with trophoblast‐endothelial cells interaction in women with unexplained pregnancy losses?METHODS OF STUDY: The sera of 72 women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) containing antibodies to endothelial cells (28), trophoblast (14), and cardiolipin (10) or lacking antibodies (25), and 26 controls were examined in an inhibition assay of trophoblast adhesion to endothelial cells using an ELISA based on the recognition of trophoblast by antibodies to cytokeratin.RESULTS: Adhesion of trophoblast to endothelial cells was time‐ and dose‐dependent. Patients and control sera inhibited trophoblast adhesion with mean values of 37% and 7%, respectively. Inhibition above 2SD of the mean control value was still observed in 58% of the patients sera and 8% of the control sera. Sera containing antibodies to endothelial cells had higher inhibitory effect (38%) than those with antibodies to trophoblast (23%) and cardiolipin (28%) or lacking antibodies (26%).CONCLUSIONS: Antibodies and other undefined factors in the sera of women with RSA inhibit adhesion of trophoblast to endothelial cells.
TGFβ2 mRNA Expression and Pregnancy Failure in Mice*
Authors: Gorivodsky Marat , Torchinsky Arkady , Zemliak Ilona , Savion Shoshana , Fein Amos , Toder Vladimir 
Published: October 2023

PROBLEM: We describe here a pattern of transforming growth factor (TGF) β2 mRNA expression at the fetomaternal interface in mice with high rate of resorptions as well as its expression following maternal immunopotentiation.METHOD OF STUDY: TGFβ2 mRNA expression was evaluated in the uteroplacental units of mice with spontaneous (CBA/J × DBA/2J mouse combination) or cyclophosphamide (CP)‐induced pregnancy loss. The effect of immunopotentiation on TGFβ2 mRNA expression was determined in CP‐treated females who underwent nonspecific immunostimulation with xenogeneic (rat) leukocytes. A quantitative analysis of TGFβ2 mRNA level was performed using RNase protection assay. Distribution of TGFβ2 mRNA transcipts at the fetomaternal interface was studied by in situ hybridization analysis.RESULTS: RNase protection analysis revealed four TGFβ2 specific mRNA forms (330, 270, 230, and 170 bp) in the uteroplacental units of mice with either normal or decreased reproductive performance. A significant decrease (about 50%) in the level of TGFβ2 mRNA was registered in the uteroplacental unit of mice with pregnancy loss as compared to the control mice. TGFβ2 transcripts were abundant in the uterine epithelium and stroma. A specific hybridization signal was detected also in metrial gland cells and it was found to be substantially lower in CP‐treated as compared to intact mice. In the resorbing uteroplacental unit, the expression of TGFβ2 mRNA was completely lost in the uterine epithelium, and the number of TGFβ2 mRNA‐positive metrial gland cells was lower as compared to the control. Immunopotentiation decreased the resorption rate in mice with CP‐induced pregnancy loss and caused a dramatic increase in TGFβ2 mRNA expression: the level of TGFβ2 mRNA was found to be higher by 2.0–3.2 fold in the uteroplacental unit of immunized as compared to nonimmunized CP‐treated mice.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that distortion of TGFβ2 expression at the fetomaternal interface may be associated with pregnancy failure. It seems that beneficial effect of maternal immunostimulation may at least partly be due to the strong increase in TGFβ2 mRNA expression at the fetomaternal interface.
The cardiorespiratory system of miniature frogs
Authors: Carrasco‐Medina Andres Santiago , Salla Raquel Fernanda , Sebben Antonio , da Silva Hélio Ricardo , Passos Flávio Dias , Toledo Luís Felipe , Rebouças Raoni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnurans of the genus Brachycephalus are among the smallest vertebrates in the world, due to an extreme process of miniaturization. As an example of this process, Brachycephalus species show loss of fingers, loss of the eardrum and middle ear, bone fusions, and the presence of paravertebral plates and parotic plaque. However, no studies addressing the consequences of miniaturization on internal organs, such as the lungs and heart, are currently available. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if overall small body size has affected the cardiorespiratory system. We investigated, via dissections, individuals of four Brachycephaloidea species: Brachycephalus rotenbergae, B. pitanga, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, and Ischnocnema parva. We observed that B. rotenbergae and B. pitanga present a reduction of the atrial septum and absence of the carotid body. On the other hand, despite being a member of the sister genus to Brachycephalus (both genera belong to the Brachycephalidae), individuals of Ischnocnema present a heart with a complete septum and carotid body; this is also observed in E. johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae). We observed that B. rotenbergae and B. pitanga have thin skin with a one to two cell thick germ layer, and their lungs likely exhibit lower blood supply when compared to individuals of the E. johnstonei and I. parva species. Based on the observed structures, we suggest that in species of Brachycephalus, respiration is performed mainly through the skin, and their lungs may have a reduced respiratory function.
Differential survival of Staphylococcal species in macrophages
Authors: Bayer Janina , Becker Janna , Liu Xiao , Gritsch Lisa , Daiber Ellen , Korn Natalya , Oesterhelt Filipp , Fraunholz Martin , Weber Alexander , Wolz Christiane 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is considered an extracellular pathogen, yet the bacterium is able to survive within and escape from host cells. An agr/sae mutant of strain USA300 is unable to escape from macrophages but can replicate and survive within. We questioned whether such “non‐toxic” S. aureus resembles the less pathogenic coagulase‐negative Staphylococcal (CoNS) species like S. epidermidis, S. carnosus, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, S. warneri, or S. pettenkoferi. We show that the CoNS are more efficiently killed in macrophage‐like THP‐1 cells or in human primary macrophages. Mutations in katA, copL, the regulatory system graRS, or sigB did not impact bacterial survival in THP‐1 cells. Deletion of the superoxide dismutases impaired S. aureus survival in primary macrophages but not in THP‐1 cells. However, expression of the S. aureus‐specific sodM in S. epidermidis was not sufficient to protect this species from being killed. Thus, at least in those cells, better bacterial survival of S. aureus could not be linked to higher protection from ROS. However, “non‐toxic” S. aureus was found to be insensitive to pH, whereas most CoNS were protected when phagosomal acidification was inhibited. Thus, species differences are at least partially linked to differences in sensitivity to acidification.
Bacterial second messenger cyclic di‐AMP in streptococci
Authors: Wright Michael J. , Bai Guangchun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) has been well studied in bacteria, including those of the genus Streptococcus, since the first recognition of this dinucleotide in 2008. Streptococci possess a sole diadenylate cyclase, CdaA, and distinct c‐di‐AMP phosphodiesterases. Interestingly, cdaA is required for viability of some streptococcal species but not all when streptococci are grown in standard laboratory media. Bacteria of this genus also have distinct c‐di‐AMP effector proteins, diverse c‐di‐AMP‐signaling pathways, and subsequent biological outcomes. In streptococci, c‐di‐AMP may influence bacterial growth, morphology, biofilm formation, competence program, drug resistance, and bacterial pathogenesis. c‐di‐AMP secreted by streptococci has also been shown to interact with the mammalian host and induces immune responses including type I interferon production. In this review, we summarize the reported c‐di‐AMP networks in seven species of the genus Streptococcus, which cause diverse clinical manifestations, and propose future perspectives to investigate the signaling molecule in these streptococcal pathogens.
Bedform evolution along a submarine canyon in the South China Sea: New insights from an autonomous underwater vehicle survey
Authors: Sun Yue , Wang Dawei , Canals Miquel , Alves Tiago M. , Wang Weiwei , Zhu Yousheng , Qin Yongpeng , Zeng Fanchang , Zheng Yu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTTraditional mapping of bedforms in submarine canyons relied on vessel‐mounted and towed sensors, but their fine‐scale geomorphology and shallow structure requires higher resolution datasets. This study utilizes a high‐resolution dataset obtained from an autonomous underwater vehicle, combined with seismic reflection profiles and sediment cores, to analyse bedform sets within a 25.6 km long submarine canyon (canyon C14) in the northern South China Sea. A train of crescent‐shaped axial steps, indicative of cyclic steps formed by supercritical turbidity currents, is imaged along the canyon. Axial steps in the upper course show erosional truncations and sub‐horizontal reflectors on the lee and stoss sides, respectively, pointing to erosional–depositional cyclic steps formed by confined flows with high erosional capacity. This is facilitated by canyon narrowness and steeper axial gradient. After a transition segment, the lower course widens, with a gentler axial gradient, resulting in increased asymmetry and wavelength of axial steps. Backset bed deposits on the stoss sides of these steps indicate depositional cyclic steps with higher aggradation. Sediment filling, almost padding each cyclic step associated scour suggests the reworking of previously formed bedforms by gravity flows fed by destabilization processes on the canyon sidewalls and upstream lee faces and, possibly, by shelf‐edge and uppermost slope spillover into the canyon. At the lowermost course, cyclic steps transition to a furrow field, likely associated with flow velocity reduction facilitated by canyon floor widening and a further decrease in slope gradient. Flow braiding and re‐convergence, related to the erosion of fine‐grained deposits within the canyon floor, should have played a role to produce furrows under supercritical conditions. This work enhances our understanding of the detailed morphology and shallow relief configuration of bedforms in deep‐water submarine canyons, providing insights into their causative processes and evolution.