bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusivity Along the Perivascular Space is Decreased and Related to Hypoperfusion in Adult Moyamoya disease
Authors: Hara Shoko , Kikuta Junko , Takabayashi Kaito , Kamagata Koji , Hayashi Shihori , Inaji Motoki , Tanaka Yoji , Hori Masaaki , Ishii Kenji , Nariai Tadashi , Taoka Toshiaki , Naganawa Shinji , Aoki Shigeki , Maehara Taketoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease causing progressive arterial stenosis and hemodynamic disturbance. Decreased arterial input and cerebral perfusion pressure in this disease may disrupt glymphatic system activity, the waste clearance system of the brain that uses arterial input as a driving force.
Purpose
To evaluate the glymphatic system function of adult patients with moyamoya disease using diffusivity along the perivascular space measured with diffusion tensor imaging (ALPS index).
Materials and Methods
In this secondary analysis of a prospective observational study from 2015 to 2021 (UMIN000027949), 45 patients and 33 age-sex matched controls were evaluated with multishell diffusion MRI, and 23 patients were also evaluated with 15O-gas positron emission tomography (PET). All patients were also evaluated with cognitive tests. The ALPS index of each hemisphere was calculated from single shell data, and freewater maps was calculated from multishell diffusion data using neurite orientation and density imaging analysis. The ALPS index of the patients was compared with controls, as well as hemispheric values of freewater paremeters, perfusion parameters measured with PET, and scores of cognitive tests.
Results
Compared to controls, patients (38.4 (13.2) year-old, 35 females) showed lower ALPS index in the left and the right hemispheres (1.94 (0.27) vs. 1.65 (0.25) and 1.94 (0.22) vs. 1.65 (0.19), P < .001). The left ALPS index correlated with parenchymal freewater (ρ =-0.47, P < .001), perfusion measured with PET (cerebral blood flow, ρ = 0.70, P < .001; mean transit time, ρ =-0.60, P = .003; and oxygen extraction fraction, ρ =-0.52, P = .003), and cognitive tests (trail making test part B that measures executive function; ρ=-0.37, P = .01).
Conclusion
Patients with moyamoya disease has decreased diffusivity along the perivascular space. The glymphatic system dysfunction may exist, correlate with the degree of hemodynamic disturbance, lead to increased parenchymal free water, and relate to cognitive dysfunction in adult patients with moyamoya disease.
Establishment and Evaluation of a Rat Model of lipopolysaccharide-high-fat diet Induced Sarcopenia
Authors: Gao Yifang , Li Ming , Wang Yu , Chen Borui , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Shizhong , Lin Jianping 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To establish and evaluate a rat sarcopenia model.
Methods
We divided 10-month-old male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats into adult control (AC) and lipopolysaccharide-high-fat diet (LPS-HFD) groups, in which LPS-HFD groups included a low-dose (150 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide–high-fat diet (LD-LPS-HFD) and a high-dose (200 µg/kg) lipopolysaccharide–high-fat diet (HD-LPS-HFD) group. AC group rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% physiological saline solution and fed ordinary feed; while LPS-HFD groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS twice a week and had a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Sarcopenia index (SI), relative grip strength, hematoxylin & eosin staining, Sirius red staining, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay verified sarcopenia.
Results
SI values decreased in LPS-HFD groups and the differences were more than twice the standard deviation of the AC group. Regard to relative grip strength, only the difference in HD-LPS-HFD group was more than twice the standard deviation of the AC group. Cross-sectional areas and fiber diameters of LPS-HFD groups decreased, but were lower in the HD-LPS-HFD group than the LD-LPS-HFD group. MuRF1, FbX32, and p53 in LPS-HFD groups, and p21, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HD-LPS-HFD group increased, but were higher in the HD-LPS-HFD group than the LD-LPS-HFD group.
Conclusion
Sarcopenia is induced by peritoneal injection of LPS (200 µg/kg) and a high-fat diet for 8 weeks in 10-month SD male rats. This model is suitable to study the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and its molecular mechanisms.
Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Life Table of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on Cauliflower
Authors: SHIKHA DEEP 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Pieris brassicae, the large cabbage white butterfly, has emerged as a serious pest of cauliflower in India, considering basic studies on its development and survival at different temperatures (17.5 ± 7.5, 20 ± 10, 22.5 ± 12.5, 25 ± 15, 27.5 ± 17.5, 30 ± 20 and 32.5 ± 22.5°C) at constant relative humidity (RH) of (65 ± 5%) level and photoperiod of 14:10 (Light: Dark) to ascertain optimal population growth during 2021 and 2022. A life table was constructed using temperature, humidity and photoperiod. The immature stages duration was 92.61 ± 0.99 days at 17.5 ± 7.5°C and 65 ± 5% RH, but shortened to 25.25 ± 0.35 days at 32.5 ± 22.5°C at same RH. Adult longevity of male and female was 12.30 ± 0.07 and 14.12 ± 0.04 days at 17.5 ± 7.5°C and 65% RH, but 4.44 ± 0.06 and 5.80 ± 0.05 days at 32.5 ± 22.5°C at the same RH. Fecundity was at its maximum (257.06 ± 1.46 eggs/female) at 32.5 ± 22.5°C and 65% RH, with lower fecundity at 17.5 ± 7.5°C. The net reproductive rate (Ro) and finite rate of increase (λ) were maximum 25.73 females/female/generation and 1.1184 fold per female per day, respectively at 32.5 ± 22.5°C and 65% RH suggesting that the population would increase more than 25.73 times per generation and 1.1184 times per female per day. The rates of increase at higher alternating temperatures were generally lower than at 17.5 ± 7.5°C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was the highest (0.11195) at 32.5 ± 22.5°C. Our results suggest that 32.5 ± 22.5°C and 65% RH is the most favorable temperature and RH combination for the optimal population growth ofP. brassicae. Our study also predicts the expansion of this pest to other parts of the world in which the average temperature equals to 32.5 ± 22.5°C with 65% RH.
Identification of donors for fresh seed dormancy and marker validation in diverse groundnut mini-core collection
Authors: Bomireddy Deekshitha , Sharma Vinay , Senthil Ramachandran , Reddisekhar Mangala , Shah Priya , Singh Kuldeep , Reddy Devarapalli Mohan , Sudhakar Palagiri , Reddy Bommu Veera Bhaskara , Pandey Manish K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Domestication and extensive selection in the development of modern high-yielding commercial groundnut cultivars resulted in the selection of an undesirable trait, in-situ germination also referred to as pre-harvest sprouting of seeds, particularly in regions where the humid weather coincides with the harvest season. Delayed harvesting and pre-sprouting could lead to production loss and predispose them to aflatoxin contamination hampering the kernel quality. Breeding early maturing cultivars with 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish type cultivars has become a primary objective. In this context, we evaluated a mini-core collection of groundnut, a major resource for genetic diversity, for fresh seed dormancy using in-vitro germination assay for two seasons viz., Rainy 2022 and Post-rainy 2022–2023 at ICRISAT (Hyderabad). Furthermore, we conducted molecular screening of the mini-core accessions and GMFSD1 marker effectively validated by differentiating dormant and non-dormant genotypes. Based on the phenotyping as well as the marker data, ICG 5827 (Virginia Runner), ICG 11457 (Virginia Runner), ICG 7000 (Virginia Bunch), ICG 11322 (Virginia Bunch) of sub spp. hypogaea var. hypogaea and ICG 9809 (Spanish Bunch) of sub spp. fastigiata var. vulgaris were identified to have fresh seed dormancy for 2–3 weeks. These accessions can serve as donors in breeding programs to meet the requirements of groundnut production in various cropping systems across different countries. The validated marker holds significant potential for facilitating faster breeding of cultivars with desired dormancy using marker-assisted selection. This research has implications for groundnut breeding programs and offers opportunities to mitigate pre-harvest sprouting, ensuring improved seed quality and productivity in groundnut producing regions.
Konzepte und Instrumente rationalen Staatshandelns
Authors: Meyer Christian 
Published: October 2023

Ein demokratischer Rechtsstaat wie die Schweiz muss rational handeln und sich dabei auch wissenschaftlichen Wissens bedienen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Konzepte und Instrumente vor, um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, und beleuchtet deren normative Verankerung. Anhand des Verhältnismässigkeitsprinzips wird die Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Rationalität als Garantin rationalen Staatshandelns näher untersucht und gezeigt, dass die entsprechenden rechtlichen Strukturen teilweise nicht mehr adäquat sind.
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Un État de droit démocratique comme la Suisse est tenu d'agir rationnellement et doit, à cette fin, tenir compte des connaissances scientifiques existantes. Cet article présente les concepts et les instruments permettant de répondre à ces exigences et met en évidence leur ancrage normatif. L'importance de la rationalité scientifique en tant que garante d'une l'action rationnelle de l'État est examinée à la lumière du principe de proportionnalité. Il est en outre démontré que les structures juridiques concernées sont en partie obsolètes.
User perceptions and acceptance of treated greywater reuse in low-income communities: a narrative review
Authors: Madzaramba Tendai Hardwork , Zanamwe Pesanai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This research output established that a significant proportion of the global population lives in low-income communities mostly in the Global South. These communities face severe water scarcity and persistent sanitation challenges. It emerged that greywater reuse has the potential to improve the access to sufficient clean water in low-income communities. The study sought to ascertain user perceptions and acceptance of treated greywater reuse in low-income communities. To anchor this research, a comprehensive consultation of literature was done, and key sources of data were drawn from various secondary sources of data such as bibliographic databases. This was followed by the snowballing of obtained papers. The research employed a narrative review approach in methodology. The findings of this study indicate that people living in low-income communities have a positive perception regarding reusing treated greywater. Furthermore, it was established that the majority of persons living in low-income communities accept reuse for non-potable purposes including vegetable irrigation, laundry, toilet flushing, and car washing.
Single-wavelength colorimetric tests for low-cost estimation of bacterial activity, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity in domestic wastewater
Authors: Mahapatra Sahashransu Satyajeet , Vishwanathan Amoor S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Monitoring the characteristics of wastewater can enable a better choice of the options available for its treatment and also provide a rational basis for the surveillance of the spread of waterborne diseases. Our work focused on bringing down the costs associated with the estimation of the biological and physico-chemical parameters of wastewater at a common wavelength of 600 nm. We demonstrated the advantages of using the Dye Reduction-based Electron-transfer Activity Monitoring (DREAM) assay to estimate bacterial activity as an alternative to the bacterial colony count method. This assay relies on the colorimetric measurement of the extent of reduction of methylene blue in response to bacterial electron transfer. We also present the results of estimating COD and turbidity, using the standard methods of wastewater analysis, at the same wavelength of 600 nm using samples having known values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. Our results open up the possibility of replacing expensive spectrophotometers with LED-based, microcontroller enabled colorimeters that can be easily automated. The results of our study set the stage for the establishment of a greater number of wastewater analysis laboratories in economically backward regions which can in turn support measures to improve sanitation facilities.
Круг общения студентов ограничивается одногруппниками: анализ ситуации с помощью смысловых конструктов и диспозиций
Authors: Смирнова Нина В. , Лесникова Виктория Л. 
Published: October 2023

Введение. В данной работе рассматривается уровень общения студентов со своими одногруппниками, однокурсниками, студентами других направлений и факультетов. На практике зачастую отмечается тенденция студентов ограничиваться общением только с одногруппниками. C чем связана такая ограниченность, каково отношение студентов к студентам из параллельных групп, других специальностей и факультетов? Целью нашего исследования является рассмотрение смысловых конструктов и смысловых диспозиций студентов в сфере их общения между собой. Методы. В качестве инструмента исследования использовался анализ смысловых конструктов и диспозиций студентов. В рамках исследования было опрошено 118 студентов факультета психологии Южного федерального университета в возрасте от 18 до 24 лет. Применялись такие методики, как: авторская анкета-опросник, включающая в себя 4 вопроса на выявление смысловых конструктов и 4 вопроса на выявление смысловых диспозиций студентов относительно их общения с другими студентами, методика В. Ф. Ряховского «Оценка уровня общительности», методика В. А. Федоришина «Коммуникативные и организаторские склонности (КОС)». Результаты. Авторская анкета-опросник выявила, что количество положительно направленных конструктов и диспозиций в отношении общения с одногруппниками у студентов намного превышает это количество в отношении общения с другими студентами. При этом в группе респондентов с положительно направленными конструктами уровень коммуникативных (p = 0,01) и организаторских (p = 0,03) склонностей в среднем выше, чем у группы респондентов с отрицательно направленными конструктами. Обсуждение результатов. Полученные данные согласуются с мнением авторов, изучавших общение студентов в университете, и, в частности, общение студентов между собой. Можно сказать, что наблюдается замкнутый круг: чем меньше студенты общаются между собой, тем меньше они знают друг о друге, тем меньше у них представлений о полезности друг друга, вследствие этого у них меньше развиваются коммуникативные навыки в университете и они замыкаются на общении со студентами своей группы.
Проявление академического стресса у студентов: теоретические аспекты исследования
Authors: Сёмина Марина В. , Фёдорова Елена П. 
Published: October 2023

В статье представлен теоретический анализ зарубежных и отечественных исследований психологического феномена стресса. С опорой на классическую теорию стресса, культурно- исторический и деятельностный подходы к пониманию природы стресса, авторы резюмируют результаты изучения стресса и стрессоустойчивости, показывается современное состояние проблемы стресса и возможности исследования академического стресса с опорой на методологическую традицию отечественной науки. Раскрывается понятие академического стресса, указываются детерминанты его формирования у обучающихся в образовательной среде вуза. Новизна и оригинальность авторского замысла состоит в предложении понимания и раскрытия сущности академического стресса с позиции идей самоорганизации, актуализации задач высшей школы в направлении психологической профилактики : с одной стороны – формирование у студента стратегий совладающего поведения, жизнестойкой, стрессоустойчивости в условиях высоких требований качества обучения, с другой стороны – осознание обучающимися периодов стрессового напряжения во взаимосвязи с кризисными ситуациями, переживаемыми личностью и на этой основе активизация функции психологической поддержки обучающихся в освоении учебно-профессиональной деятельности как ведущей в юношеском возрасте. Предпринимается попытка обобщить ключевые признаки проявления академического стресса у студентов вузов с учетом их индивидуальных психологических особенностей: академический стресс характеризуется как негативное психическое состояние обучающегося (в ситуациях переживания давления или угрозы извне), при котором субъективно трудно или невозможно эффективно осуществлять учебно-профессиональную деятельность. В условиях длительного и интенсивного эмоционального напряжения, вызванного стресс-фактором, жизненная ситуация не осознается личностью как управляемая, при этом возможна потеря способности к самоконтролю состояния, ухудшение показателей жизнедеятельности. Актуализируется необходимость психологической профилактики в вузе, оказание консультативной помощи студентам, переживающим академический стресс, в целях осознания собственное состояние здоровья и выработки адекватных стратегий совладающего поведения.
Procedural (Conscious) Sedation and Analgesia in Emergency Setting: How to
Choose Agents?
Authors: Ayan Mustafa , Ozsoy Orhan , Ozbay Sedat , Akman Canan , Suzer Neslihan Ergun , Karcioglu Ozgur 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Pain has long been defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience originating from any
region of the body in the presence or absence of tissue injury. Physicians involved in acute medicine commonly
undertake a variety of invasive and painful procedures that prompt procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA),
which is a condition sparing the protective airway reflexes while depressing the patient’s awareness of external
stimuli. This state is achieved following obtaining the patient’s informed consent, necessary point-ofcare
monitoring, and complete recording of the procedures. The most commonly employed combination for
PSA mostly comprises short-acting benzodiazepine (midazolam) and a potent opioid, such as fentanyl. The
biggest advantage of opioids is that despite all the powerful effects, upper airway reflexes are preserved and often
do not require intervention. Choices of analgesic and sedative agents should be strictly individualized and
determined for the specific condition. The objective of this review article was to underline the characteristics,
effectiveness, adverse effects, and pitfalls of the relevant drugs employed in adults to facilitate PSA in emergency
procedures.
Current Pharmaceutical Research on the Significant Pharmacophore
Mannich bases in Drug Design
Authors: Yamali Cem , Gul Mustafa , Gul Halise Inci 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
A multitude of distinct Mannich bases have been synthesized and evaluated as potential
therapeutics for a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions, either in the form of prodrugs
or as molecules that trigger a biological response from specific targets. The Mannich reaction has
been utilized to enhance the biological activity of numerous compounds, resulting in notable
progress in various areas such as anticonvulsant, antimalarial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative,
antibacterial, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antiprotozoal, topoisomerases I and II
inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, as well as research related to
anti-Alzheimer's disease and anti-Parkinson's disease. Bioactive semisynthetic Mannich bases derived
from natural compounds such as chalcone, curcumin, and thymol have also been identified.

:
Pharmaceutical compounds characterized by low solubility may encounter challenges related to
their oral bioavailability, half-life, distribution within tissues, rapid metabolism, toxicity, and various
other relevant variables. Mannich bases have the ability to undergo protonation under physiological
circumstances, facilitating interactions between ligands and receptors, and enhancing their
solubility in water. The experimental findings indicate that the solubility of Mannich base prodrugs
is higher compared to that of the parent compound. The use of the multicomponent Mannich
reaction has been established as a valuable synthetic methodology for the construction of multifunctional
compounds through the application of diverse synthetic strategies under varying reaction
conditions. The continuous investigation of synthetic techniques for Mannich reactions involves
several approaches, such as employing protocols in aquatic environments, utilizing catalysts
that are both biodegradable and reusable, exploring the use of ionic liquids, investigating
solvent-free and/or catalyst-free media, and exploring reaction conditions involving microwave
and ultrasound irradiation.

:
Consequently, the Mannich reaction has emerged as a powerful technique in the field of medicinal
chemistry. It is utilized for the creation of new chemical compounds that possess diverse and attractive
biologic features. Additionally, this reaction is employed to alter the physicochemical
properties of a potential drug candidate, thereby influencing its bioavailability, efficacy, and pharmacological
activity. Due to their favorable bioactivities and synthesis techniques, Mannich bases
remain a subject of ongoing attention in the field of medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry.
Diversities in Leigh Syndrome Associated with MT-ATP6 Gene Variants
Authors: Martins Sara , Santos Maria João , Simões Marta , Jacinto Sandra , Martins Halpern Cristina , Dupont Juliette , Diogo Luísa , Grazina Manuela 
Published: October 2023

Introduction::
Leigh syndrome (LS) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and
presents defective mitochondrial bioenergetics. Patients present neurological symptoms and
imagiological features that may result in early death [1]. The LS has been associated with mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) variants, e.g., m.8993T>G (L156R) and m.8993T>C (L156P), in the
MT-ATP6 gene. They lead to the substitution of a highly conserved amino acid in subunit 6 of
ATP synthase, affecting the F0 domain and ATP synthesis [1-3]. We present five cases with
m.8993T>G and a family harbouring m.8993T>C+m.1555A>G (proband and four relatives).

Methods::
Our laboratory received 48 samples from LS-suspected patients. The samples (various
tissues) were assessed for bioenergetics (activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC)
complexes, ubiquinone content) and genetic analyses (mtDNA copy number, Sequencing and
PCR-RFLP) by established protocols.

Results/Case Report::
Bioenergetics were assessed in 5 patients (various tissues) with varying
levels of MRC/ATP synthase impairment. Six cases had a mtDNA pathogenic variant in the
8993 nucleotide associated with LS. Five cases presented the m.8993T>G variant, one of which
(P5) possibly de novo. This variant was homoplasmy (P1-3) or very high heteroplasmy (P4/5,
90-95%). Of the four patients with bioenergetics assessment, three (P1/3/4) had deficiencies of
MRC complexes, and P5 had small deficits. The other case (familial, proband and 4 relatives)
presented a combination of m.1555A>G (homoplasmy) and m.8993T>C (heteroplasmy) variants.
The proband presents m.8993T>C in 95% heteroplasmy and 85-35% in three relatives. All
have m.1555A>G in homoplasmy, including the fourth relative without m.8993T>C. A deficiency
(31%) was found in complex V activity in muscle for proband.

Conclusion::
We present a case series of patients harbouring pathogenic variants in the 8993
nucleotide of mtDNA, which have been associated with LS and impairment of MRC's complex
V. These cases highlight the variability in clinical symptoms and their severity, as well as genetic
heterogeneity within LS. Many patients will not present a classic pathogenic variant and there
are many cases of asymptomatic relatives (carriers). It is important to get a broader view of the
cases - classical methods and multiple tissue analysis are still valuable tools for the comprehensive
characterization of patients.