bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relevance of Integrating CYP2C19 Phenoconversion Effects into
Clinical Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Scherf-Clavel Maike , Weber Heike , Unterecker Stefan , Frantz Amelie , Eckert Andreas , Reif Andreas , Deckert Jürgen , Hahn Martina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 functional status as defined by genotype
is modulated by phenoconversion (PC) due to pharmacokinetic interactions. As of
today, there is no data on the effect size of PC for CYP2C19 functional status.
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PC on CYP2C19
functional status.
Methods Two patient cohorts (total n=316; 44.2±15.4 years)
were investigated for the functional enzyme status of CYP2C19 applying two
different correction methods (PCBousman,
PCHahn&Roll) as well as serum concentration and
metabolite-to-parent ratio of venlafaxine, amitriptyline, mirtazapine,
sertraline, escitalopram, risperidone, and quetiapine.
Results There was a decrease in the number of normal metabolizers of
CYP2C19 and an increase in the number of poor metabolizers. When controlled for
age, sex, and, in the case of amitriptyline, venlafaxine, and risperidone,
CYP2D6 functional enzyme status, an association was observed between the CYP2C19
phenotype/functional enzyme status and serum concentration of
amitriptyline, sertraline, and escitalopram.
Discussion PC of CYP2C19 changes phenotypes but does not improve
correlations with serum concentrations. However, only a limited number of
patients received perturbators of CYP2C19. Studies with large numbers of
patients are still lacking, and thus, it cannot be decided if there are minor
differences and which method of correction to use. For the time being, PC is
relevant in individual patients treated with CYP2C19-affecting drugs, for
example, esomeprazole. To ensure adequate serum concentrations in these
patients, this study suggests the use of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Die psychiatrische Rehabilitation in der DDR vor dem Hintergrund
sowjetischer Einflüsse
Authors: Krasselt Alexandra , Steinberg Holger 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Studie trägt Entwicklungen und lokale Modelle psychiatrischer
Rehabilitation der DDR und der UdSSR zusammen. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
konzentrierte sich diese auf die Krankenhäuser selbst. Als wichtige
Anregungen erwiesen sich in der DDR die Rodewischer und die Brandenburger Thesen
sowie die „Konzeption zur Verbesserung der Betreuung psychisch Kranker
nach 1980“. Die Durchsicht der DDR-Primärliteratur zeigt, dass
oft sowjetische Konzepte rezipiert worden sind. Hier wie dort sah man Etappen-,
Kontinuitäts- und Sektorisierungsprinzipien als Voraussetzung
für den Erfolg. Übergangseinrichtungen, wie psychoneurologische
Dispensaires, arbeitstherapeutische/geschützte
Werkstätten, befürsorgte Wohnmöglichkeiten,
therapeutische Klubs, Tages- und Nachtkliniken, wurden geschaffen. Ausgelagerte
Arbeitstherapie sollte den Übergang in die Arbeitswelt erleichtern. So
wurde in der DDR während der 1970er- und 1980er-Jahre ein hoher
Beschäftigungsgrad psychisch Kranker in der Wirtschaft erreicht.
Are β-Lactones Involved in Carbon-Based Olefination Reactions?
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michał , Nowak Jan , Tryniszewski Michał 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeteroatom-based olefinating reagents (e.g., organic phosphonates, sulfonates, etc.) are used to transform carbonyl compounds into alkenes, and their mechanism of action involves aldol-type addition, cyclization, and fragmentation of four-membered ring intermediates. We have developed an analogous process using ethyl 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methylmalonate, which converts electrophilic aryl aldehydes into α-methylcinnamates in up to 70% yield. The reaction plausibly proceeds through the formation of β-lactone that spontaneously decarboxylates under the reaction conditions. The results shed light on the Knoevenagel–Doebner olefination, for which decarboxylative anti-fragmentation of aldol-type adducts is usually considered.
Validation and Application of an Innovative Protective Group Concept: Enhancing Substrate Reactivity in Glycosylations by Disrupting Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Yano Kumpei , Yoshimoto Takuya , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fukase Koichi , Tsutsui Masato 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe have established an innovative protective approach that disrupts intermolecular interactions to enhance substrate reactivity. Specifically, diacetylimide protection of acetamide prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds, while the incorporation of tert-butyl groups on the aromatic protecting group disrupts π-stacking interactions, both of which culminate in heightened reactivity in glycosylations. We explored the synergistic implementation of these protective measures and applied them to the synthesis of 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X.
Revolutionizing Dental Health Care: An In-Depth Exploration of Technological Advancements
Authors: Bharadwaj R. Sumukh , Kalgeri Sowmya Halasabalu , Shivakumar Ashwini Tumkur , Doddawad Vidya , Shankar Parinitha Mysore , B. Sunil Kumar B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present scenario caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic—and the recession in the dental industry—a newer approach modality is on every dentist's mind. As the future is always questionable in the present situation, we can expect remarkable changes in the dental field, which will revolutionize dental health care facilities worldwide. Several upcoming trends are introduced every year. Recent studies demonstrate that in the future dental field will be presented with exciting new technologies, improved business practices, and novel ways to optimize patient experience, and even nanorobotic dentistry will be in practice.Future dentistry is expected to have more innovation as it is adopting the latest technologies and facilitating the growth of global dentistry. This is because the increasing frequency of the treatment of dental disorders and related risk factors, combined with the introduction of advanced technology will be some of the major factors driving technological growth over the next few years.This article communicates the newer changes taking place in dentistry which will have an impact on the future dental field.
An Unusual Cause of Increasing Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in a CPAP-treated Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient
Authors: Martinet Valerie , Sinkunaite Laura , Bruyneel Marie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe onset of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) occurs after 50 years of age in less than 2% of the cases. In older adults, the diagnosis is often delayed due to the presence of neurological degenerative and inflammatory comorbidities and overlapping sleep disorders.We report the case of a 63-year-old man with a 5-year history of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and a 2-year diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), which. OSAS was confirmed by respiratory polygraphy that showed an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 71 events/hour of sleep associated with significant nocturnal hypoxemia (lowest oxygen saturation: 53%), which lead to the initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Cognitive complaints, unexplained spells of dizziness, and lack of improvement in EDS with CPAP led to further diagnostic investigation of infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. Low hypocretin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) confirmed the diagnosis of NT1, and the patient's symptoms improved with the treatment with pitolisant.Though exceptional in older adults, NT1 should be suspected in the presence of atypical EDS with neurological complaints, unexplained dizzy spells, or OSAS that resists the CPAP treatment. Low levels of hypocretin in the CSF are highly specific and rule out other neurological and sleep disorders.
An Evidence-based Preoperative Evaluation Documentation Template Improves Perioperative Communication
Authors: Piao Xin , Imdieke Brian H. , Sommerness Samantha A. , Pandita Deepti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives The number of surgeries performed in the United States has increased over the past two decades, with a shift to the ambulatory setting. Perioperative complications and mortality pose significant health care burdens. Inadequate preoperative assessment and documentation contribute to communication failure and poor patient outcomes. The aim of this quality improvement project was to design and implement a preoperative evaluation documentation template that not only improved communication during the perioperative pathway but also enhanced the overall user experience.
Methods We implemented a revamped evidence-based documentation template in the electronic medical records of a health care organization across three internal medicine clinics on the downtown campus and seven satellite family medicine clinics. A pre- and postintervention design was used to assess the template utilization rate and clinician satisfaction.
Results The preoperative template utilization rate increased from 51.2% at baseline to 66.5% after the revamped template “went live” (p < 0.001). Clinician satisfaction with the preoperative documentation template also significantly increased (30.6 vs. 80.0%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Adopting a user-friendly, evidence-based documentation template can enhance the standardization of preoperative evaluation documentation and reduce the documentation burden.
Brain Tissue Oxygenation Guided Therapy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raghuwanshi Babita , Florez-Perdomo William A. , Mishra Rakesh , Rafael Moscote-Salazar Luis , Cincu Rafael , Agrawal Amit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present umbrella review aims to summarize the evidence of the efficacy and benefit of combined brain tissue oxygen monitoring and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring compared with ICP monitoring based therapy alone. In this study, we systematically searched five databases to retrieve systematic reviews (SRs) regarding the efficacy of ICP monitoring on patient outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This overview was prepared following the guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for umbrella reviews. No restrictions were placed on the date, language, or country of publication. Three SRs and meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria for the study. The SRs and meta-analyses (SR-MAs) included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Specifically, two SRs were rated as high quality by A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), while one was rated as moderate quality. Two of the SR-MAs reported on the mortality outcome, with two reporting on the functional outcome and one reporting on the length of hospital stay outcome. One of the SRs indicated that using combined brain tissue oxygen monitoring led to a reduction in mortality. Two of the SRs had mixed results. Two articles found that hospital length tends to be shorter with combined therapy than with ICP monitoring-based therapy alone. Our observations suggested that brain tissue oxygen combined with ICP/cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) guided therapy provides a favorable outcome in TBI patients than standard ICP-/CPP-guided therapy. The combined therapy has little effect on mortality rate, ICP, CPP, and length of stay.
Factors influencing continuance intention to use mobile banking: an extended expectation-confirmation model with moderating role of trust
Authors: Nguyen Giang-Do , Dao Thu-Hien Thi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impacts of user adaptation and its antecedents, including perceived usefulness, self-efficacy, and subjective norm on continuance intention towards mobile banking. Based on (1) extended expectation-confirmation model, (2) adaptive structuration theory for individuals, and (3) decomposed theory of planned behavior, and by incorporating user adaptation and trust perspectives, this study proposes and validates a research model by using convenient and snowball sampling techniques, face-to-face survey with a sample of 523 consumers of large banks in Vietnam. The partial least squares structural equation modeling SmartPLS 4.0 software is employed for data analysis. The research findings reveal that (1) except for subjective norm, perceived usefulness, satisfaction, adaptation, and self-efficacy significantly impact continuance intention; (2) trust moderates the relationship between adaptation and continuance intention. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided to broaden the information technology continuance literature, suggesting how banks should sustain strong relationships with mobile banking customers.
Science’s greatest discoverers: a shift towards greater interdisciplinarity, top universities and older age
Authors: Krauss Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhat are the unique features and characteristics of the scientists who have made the greatest discoveries in science? To address this question, we assess all major scientific discoverers, defined as all nobel-prize and major non-nobel-prize discoverers, and their demographic, institutional and economic traits. What emerges is a general profile of the scientists who have driven over 750 of science’s greatest advances. We find that interdisciplinary scientists who completed two or more degrees in different academic fields by the time of discovery made about half—54%—of all nobel-prize discoveries and 42% of major non-nobel-prize discoveries over the same period; this enables greater interdisciplinary methodological training for making new scientific achievements. Science is also becoming increasingly elitist, with scientists at the top 25 ranked universities accounting for 30% of both all nobel-prize and non-nobel-prize discoveries. Scientists over the age of 50 made only 7% of all nobel-prize discoveries and 15% of non-nobel-prize discoveries and those over the age of 60 made only 1% and 3%, respectively. The gap in years between making nobel-prize discoveries and receiving the award is also increasing over time across scientific fields—illustrating that it is taking longer to recognise and select major breakthroughs. Overall, we find that those who make major discoveries are increasingly interdisciplinary, older and at top universities. We also assess here the role and distribution of factors like geographic location, gender, religious affiliation and country conditions of these leading scientists, and how these factors vary across time and scientific fields. The findings suggest that more discoveries could be made if science agencies and research institutions provide greater incentives for researchers to work against the common trend of narrow specialisation and instead foster interdisciplinary research that combines novel methods across fields.
Flexibility in reproductive attributes may facilitate the invasive capacity of the Mediterranean fanworm, Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin)
Authors: Brand Sarah C. , Jeffs Andrew G. 
Published: February 2024

Context The Mediterranean fanworm arrived as a non-indigenous species in parts of Australasia, where it has established and then rapidly spread from the initial points of arrival, despite marked differences in environmental conditions compared from its natal habitat in the Mediterranean Sea. Aims To better understand the invasive capacity of this species in New Zealand. Methods Maturation, reproductive cycle, and gametogenesis were investigated, with a focus on female gamete development, for a population in Auckland, and the results were compared with those of previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea and Australia. Key results Egg sizes in female fanworms were highly variable throughout the year; however, a reduced presence of larger eggs was observed from August to November, which could indicate spawning. This Auckland fanworm population also appeared to have a female-skewed sex ratio compared with previous studies where a 1:1 sex ratio was observed. Fanworm maturation was reached at ~6 cm in length, compared with 15 cm in natal populations. Fanworms with body size smaller than 5 cm were not mature and did not produce mature gametes, in contrast to an Australian fanworm population. Conclusions The observed Mediterranean fanworm population in New Zealand demonstrates reproductive flexibility and high fecundity, contributing to its invasive capacity. Implications The reproductive biology of a species is important in determining its invasive capacity, and may also be flexible between populations, with implications for effective biosecurity management strategies.
Two millennia of language policies in China
Authors: Zeng Jie , Zhao Yanling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This scholarly investigation delves into the metamorphosis of China’s language policies across three distinct
epochs spanning over two millennia, tracing from ancient China to contemporary times. Employing a sociolinguistic lens, the
analysis elucidates the historical trajectories of these policies, accentuating their theoretical and pragmatic implications,
particularly in the realms of linguistic strategies for ethnic minorities and the overarching national language. The derived
conclusions highlight a nuanced amalgamation of subjectivity and diversity within these policies, encompassing both the elevation
of Mandarin and the preservation of minority languages. By deciphering historical patterns, this study aspires to furnish insights
that could inform prospective orientations in China’s linguistic policy formulation, set against the evolving backdrop of global
interconnectedness, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the nation’s overarching developmental objectives.
Tonal intelligibility within a paragraph
Authors: Chu Man-Ni , Zajdler Ewa , Lin Hui-Wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study considers the performance of tone pronunciation and morpheme intelligibility by L2 Polish Mandarin
learners. A mixed-effects ordinal regression model and Tukey’s HSD multiple test were used to examine the start-point, end-point,
of syllables as a means of assessing their intelligibility by L2 Polish learners regarding the tones with the sequence T0, T1, T2,
T4 > T3.and T0, T1> T2, T4 > T3, respectively. Students’ tone pronunciation at different stages of learning was compared,
i.e. first at less than A1 level of proficiency and then after achieving an A2 level of proficiency according to the Common
European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), with the interval of a 22-week intensive Chinese class. The results suggest
that in the case of the steady pitch produced for T0 and T1, L2 Polish learners found it easy to control the vibration speed of
the vocal folds over two stages. Additionally, progress in successfully producing T4 was exhibited with improving control over the
individual tonal register span, implying that competent tonal production develops with time. It remains unclear whether the reason
why the low-range T3 is acquired last is down to the habitually high pitched range of spoken Polish, or a more universally
observable phenomenon where T3 is liable to be confused with other tones in production.
Human risk factors in cybersecurity
Authors: Cuchta Tom , Blackwood Brian , Devine Thomas R. , Niichel Robert J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article presents an experimental analysis of several cybersecurity risks affecting the human attack surface
of Fairmont State University, a mid-size state university. We consider two social engineering experiments: a phishing email
barrage and a targeted spearphishing campaign. In the phishing experiment, a total of 4,769 students, faculty, and staff on campus
were targeted by 90,000 phishing emails. Throughout these experiments, we explored the effectiveness of three types of phishing
awareness training. Our results show that phishing emails that make it through IT’s defenses pose a clear and present threat to
large educational organizations. Moreover, we found that simple, visual, instructional guides are more effective training tools
than long documents or interactive training.
Mechanical response of van der Waals and charge coupled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mokhalingam Aningi , Dalal Indranil S , Gupta Shakti S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the mechanical response of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) coupled through van der Waals and electrostatic forces using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and a continuum model. In MD simulations, the covalent bond interactions between the carbon atoms are modeled using three sets of ReaxFF potential parameters (Strachan et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett.
91 098301; Srinivasan et al 2015 J. Phys. Chem. A 119 571–80; Damirchi et al 2020 J. Phys. Chem. C 124 20488–97). The dynamic charges, dependent on the local environment, are calculated employing the charge equilibrium formalism within the ReaxFF. In the continuum model, the SWCNTs are modeled using the geometrically nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The Galerkin’s approach is used to discretize the equations of motion. An approximate model to account for the end charge concentration in the SWCNTs, calibrated from the MD data, is incorporated into the beam model. The pair of SWCNTs are prescribed with two sets of boundary conditions: Fixed–fixed and fixed–free. The pull-in voltages at which the two SWCNTs snap onto each other with fixed–fixed boundary conditions obtained from the MD simulations using the potential parameters of Strachan et al (2003 Phys. Rev. Lett.
91 098301), Srinivasan et al (2015 J. Phys. Chem. A 119 571–80) and Damirchi et al (2020 J. Phys. Chem. C 124 20488–97) agree within an error of

∼

0.5
%

,

∼

0.5
%

, and 7.2%, respectively, with those computed from the nonlinear beam theory. For fixed–free boundary conditions, the role of geometric nonlinearity is found to be insignificant. However, for this case, the concentrated charges play a significant role in determining the pull-in voltages. The post-pull-in response of the SWCNTs for both boundary conditions is investigated in detail through the MD simulations. The post-pull-in results presented here can be used as a benchmark for results obtained from continuum models in the future. Further, the proposed research helps design nano-resonators/tweezers/switches.
Simulations of the effect of shot peening backstress on nanoindentation
Authors: Chen Hui , Kanouté Pascale , François Manuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Shot peening is a mechanical surface treatment that can introduce compressive residual stress and work hardening simultaneously. This work hardening, considered as a modification of the elastic region with plastic strain, can be modeled with two types of contributions: isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening. In order to characterize the mechanical properties of the treated surface using the instrumented indentation technique, the effect of the backstress associated with kinematic hardening should be studied, especially for works related to fatigue loading. In this paper, the distribution of three backstress components is obtained by shot peening simulations on a nickel-based alloy, Inconel 718, commonly used in the aerospace industry, and a series of indentation simulations are carried out using a spherical tip with different equivalent backstress levels. For Inconel 718, the third backstress component, which has the slowest evolution rate, is found to have the most significant influence on the response. However, compared to the effect of residual stress and cumulated plastic strain, the effect of backstress can be neglected.