bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic approach with Z-score mapping to reduce artifacts caused by cerebral atrophy in regional CBF assessment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease by [99mTc]-ECD and SPECT
Authors: Odano Ikuo , Maeyatsu Fumio , Hosoya Tetsuo , Asari Mami , Oba Kentaro , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach that enhanced diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) using cerebral perfusion SPECT by minimizing artifacts caused by cerebral atrophy.

Materials and methods
[99mTc]-ECD and SPECT studies were performed on 15 cognitively normal patients, 40 patients with MCI, and 16 patients with AD. SPECT images were compared using SPM. The atrophy correction method was incorporated to reduce artifacts through the MRI masking procedure. Regional Z-score, percent extent, and atrophy correction rate were obtained and compared. The Z-score mapping program was structured as a single package that ran semi-automatically.

Results
The method significantly reduced regional Z-score in most regions, leading to improved estimates. The mean atrophy correction rate ranged from 10.4 to 12.0%. In MCI and AD, the convexities of the frontal and parietal lobes and the posterior medial cerebrum were particularly sensitive to cerebral atrophy, and the Z-scores were overestimated, whereas the posterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum were less sensitive. The diagnostic accuracy for MCI increased from 67 to 69% and for AD from 78 to 82%.

Conclusion
The proposed approach provided more precise Z-scores with less over- or underestimation, artifacts, and improved diagnostic accuracy, being recommended for clinical studies.
A bibliometric analysis of metaverse technologies in healthcare services
Authors: Damar Seckin , Koksalmis Gulsah Hancerliogullari 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine healthcare metaverse research using 3721 Web of Science publications covering the period 1994–2022. Using bibliometric and bibliographic link network analyses, this study aimed to uncover emerging trends, country and university contributions, author collaborations, and common metaverse themes. Contrary to expectations, inconsistent correlations between publication volume and citation impact emerged. This pioneering research evaluated empirical bibliometric laws, identified influential entities, and provided a structured thematic categorization for metaverse studies. Serving as the first comprehensive investigation of the healthcare metaverse, this study lays a solid foundation for subsequent research efforts and guides further scholarly research.
Ethical Challenges in Oral Healthcare Services Provided by Non-Governmental Organizations for Refugees in Germany
Authors: Kozman R. , Mussie K. M. , Elger B. , Wienand I. , Jotterand F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOral healthcare is attracting much attention after decades of neglect from policymakers. Recent studies have shown a strong association between oral and overall health, which can lead to serious health problems. Availability of oral healthcare services is an essential part of ensuring universal healthcare coverage. More importantly, current gaps in its accessibility by minority or marginalized population groups are crucial public health as well as ethical concerns. One notable effort to address this issue comes from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), which offer oral healthcare services for non-insured refugees. However, the challenge remains that these care services are not comprehensive, which has implications for the refugees’ oral and general health. In this article, we discuss this complex issue in the German healthcare context by including ethical reflections. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss the ethical challenges related to oral healthcare services provided by NGOs for refugees in Germany. First, we will introduce the general oral healthcare context worldwide and in Germany. Second, we will provide a general description of the oral healthcare services provided by NGOs for refugees in Germany, as well as an overview of existing gaps. This will provide us with the context for our third and most important task—discussing the ethical implications of the gaps. In doing so, and since the ethical implications can be several, we demarcate the scope of our analysis by focusing on the specific ethical issues of justice, harm, and autonomy. Finally, we offer some recommendations for how to move forward.
Alloparental Support and Infant Psychomotor Developmental Delay
Authors: Waynforth David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReceiving social support from community and extended family has been typical for mothers with infants in human societies past and present. In non-industrialised contexts, infants of mothers with extended family support often have better health and higher survival through the vulnerable infant period, and hence shared infant care has a clear fitness benefit. However, there is scant evidence that these benefits continue in industrialised contexts. Better infant health and development with allocare support would indicate continued evolutionary selection for allocare. The research reported here used multiple logistic regression analysis to test whether a lack of family and other social support for mothers was associated with an increased risk of developmental delay in 9-month-old infants in the UK Millennium Cohort (analysis sample size, 15,696 infants). Extended family-based childcare during work hours and more maternal time spent with friends were the most influential kin and social support variables: infants of mothers with kin-based childcare versus all other childcare arrangements had a lower risk of developmental delay (OR = 0.61, 95% CIs: 0.46–0.82). Infants of mothers who spent no time with friends when compared with those who saw friends every day had double the odds of delay. Greater paternal involvement in infant care was associated with a lower odds of developmental delay. In conclusion, shared care of infants and social support for mothers may influence fitness-related traits in industrialised societies rather than being factors that influenced selection only in the past and in societies which retain close kin networks and a strong local community focus.
Incorporating uncertainty in Indigenous sea Country monitoring with Bayesian statistics: Towards more informed decision-making
Authors: Cure Katherine , Barneche Diego R. , Depczynski Martial , Fisher Rebecca , Warne David J. , McGree James , Underwood Jim , Weisenberger Frank , Evans-Illidge Elizabeth , Ford Brendan , Oades Daniel , Howard Azton , McCarthy Phillip , Pyke Damon , Edgar Zac , Maher Rodney , Sampi Trevor , Dougal Kevin , Bardi Jawi Traditional Owners  
Published: February 2024

AbstractPartnerships in marine monitoring combining Traditional Ecological Knowledge and western science are developing globally to improve our understanding of temporal changes in ecological communities that better inform coastal management practices. A fuller communication between scientists and Indigenous partners about the limitations of monitoring results to identify change is essential to the impact of monitoring datasets on decision-making. Here we present a 5-year co-developed case study from a fish monitoring partnership in northwest Australia showing how uncertainty estimated by Bayesian models can be incorporated into monitoring management indicators. Our simulation approach revealed there was high uncertainty in detecting immediate change over the following monitoring year when translated to health performance indicators. Incorporating credibility estimates into health assessments added substantial information to monitoring trends, provided a deeper understanding of monitoring limitations and highlighted the importance of carefully selecting the way we evaluate management performance indicators.
Clinical evidence and rationale of mesoglycan to treat chronic venous disease and hemorrhoidal disease: a narrative review
Authors: Gallo Gaetano , Picciariello Arcangelo , Tufano Antonella , Camporese Giuseppe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic venous disease (CVD) and hemorrhoidal disease (HD) are among the most common vascular diseases in the world, with CVD affecting 22–41% of the population in Europe and HD having a point prevalence of 11–39%. The burden is substantial in terms of the effect of symptoms on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and direct/indirect medical costs. Treatment begins with lifestyle changes, compression in CVD and topical therapies in HD, and escalates as needed through oral therapies first and eventually to surgery for severe disease. CVD and HD share etiological features and pathological changes affecting the structure and function of the tissue extracellular matrix. Mesoglycan, a natural glycosaminoglycan (GAG) preparation composed primarily of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, has been demonstrated to positively impact the underlying causes of CVD and HD, regenerating the glycocalyx and restoring endothelial function, in addition to having antithrombotic, profibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiedema and wound-healing effects. In clinical trials, oral mesoglycan reduced the severity of CVD signs and symptoms, improved HRQoL, and accelerated ulcer healing. In patients with HD, mesoglycan significantly reduced the severity of signs and symptoms and the risk of rectal bleeding. In patients undergoing excisional hemorrhoidectomy, adding mesoglycan to standard postoperative care reduced pain, improved HRQoL, reduced incidence of thrombosis, and facilitated an earlier return to normal activities/work, compared with standard postoperative care alone. The clinical effects of mesoglycan in patients with CVD or HD are consistent with the agent’s known mechanisms of action.
Effects of queen excluders on the colony dynamics of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) under biodynamic management
Authors: Bundschuh Jana , Rappel Herbert , Bock Andreas , Balleisen Ute , Daiser Markus , Friedmann Günter , König Werner , Miltenberger Tobias , Müller Manuela , Müller Robert , Poeplau Norbert , Roosen Alix , Schlotter Alexander , Sedlmair Christian , Weiler Michael , Thewes Christoph , Brock Christopher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of beekeeping management practices (BMPs) is important for beekeepers worldwide because their choice affects health and survival of managed honeybee (A. mellifera L.) colonies and touches ethical and economic questions. This study focusses on queen excluders, a common hive addition in contemporary beekeeping. Its impacts are controversially discussed but have not been studied scientifically yet. Within a 4-year participatory on-farm experiment, we assessed the effects on colony dynamics in 64 hives in 8 apiaries during one season in Germany using the Liebefeld estimation method. We found no significant deviation for parameters of colony dynamics between hives managed with and without queen excluders. A qualitative decision-making tool (Pugh decision matrix) facilitated concept selection only for specific beekeepers.
Fatigue behaviour of automatically HFMI-treated welds
Authors: Wendler Lea , Löschner Daniel , Engelhardt Imke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to notches, welds are most critical regarding fatigue failure within cyclic loaded constructions. Therefore, various post-weld-treatment techniques like post-weld treatment by high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment have been invented to improve the fatigue strength of welded details. The benefit, resulting from HFMI treatment, has already been proven by numerous studies. Since a manual HFMI treatment must be performed by a skilled and trained person to ensure an acceptable treatment quality, an automated application of HFMI treatment is supposed to result in a more reliable and consistent treatment result, which does not depend on the operator. Furthermore, a robotic application of HFMI treatment enables an economic implementation of HFMI treatment of automated welded constructions like offshore wind energy converters and various mechanical components, as these parts do not have to be taken out of the production chain to manually perform HFMI treatment. This paper focuses on the experimental investigation of the fatigue behaviour of automated HFMI-treated welds, using a developed robotic application of the HiFIT device (specific HFMI tool).
Successful localisation of recurrent thyroid cancer using preoperative patent blue dye injection
Authors: Evranos B. O. , Ince N. , Ataş H. , Polat S. B. , Ahsen H. , Imga N. N. , Dirikoc A. , Topaloglu O. , Tutuncu T. , Ersoy R. , Cakir B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer, recurrences are often detected, posing challenges in locating and removing these lesions in a reoperative setting. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of preoperative ultrasound (US)-guided injection of patent blue (PB) dye into the recurrences to aid in their safe and efficient removal.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed the records of the patients in a tertiary care centre between February 2019 and March 2023 who underwent US-guided PB injection in the endocrinology outpatient clinic before reoperative neck surgery. The duration between the injection of PB and the initiation of surgery was recorded. The complications and effectiveness of the procedure were evaluated using ultrasonographic, laboratory, surgical, and pathologic records.

Results
We reached 23 consecutive patients with 28 lesions. The recurrences averaged 8.8 mm (4.1–15.6) in size and were successfully stained in all cases. The median time between the PB injection and the incision was 90 (35–210) min. There were no complications related to the dye injection. The blue recurrences were conveniently identified and removed in all cases.

Conclusions
A preoperative US-guided injection of PB is a safe, readily available and highly effective technique for localising recurrent tumours, even in small lesions within scarred reoperative neck surgeries.
Developing a Dynamic Understanding of Risk Factors for People Admitted to Long-term High Dependency Units
Authors: Simpson Adelabu Jonathan , Meaden Alan , Fox Andrew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEven with developments in supporting people with enduring psychosis, some people living with these difficulties still require specialised care in inpatient rehabilitation facilities. To optimise the support provided a service evaluation was conducted for people admitted to a Long-term High Dependency Unit service. Data collected routinely with the Short-Term Assessment for Risk and Treatability tool was used to identify dynamic risk factors for the residents. Completed assessments were analysed for frequency and severity of risk behaviours; historic prevalence of risk behaviours; judgements on future risk; and strengths and vulnerabilities. The evaluation indicated a picture of a group of people who have a variety of historic risks and currently engage regularly in aggression and self-neglect, whilst experiencing limited insight, social exclusion, and limited coping abilities. Strengths and vulnerabilities linked to risk behaviours were also grouped into conceptually similar domains to aid intervention. Recommendations are made for using such data to enhance recovery.
How AI hype impacts the LGBTQ + community
Authors: McAra-Hunter Dawn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHype around Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a feature of this technology since its inception. However, the most recent wave of AI hype has been leveraged to encourage adoption of AI technologies that cause issues for marginalised communities. Hype is also a means to obfuscate real issues of bias, harm, and exploitation felt most sharply by marginalised communities when AI is implemented. This therefore raises the question of power imbalances as a feature of AI technologies as we currently know them. This paper will study the relationship of AI hype and marginalised communities, with particular emphasis on the LGBTQ + community, and look at the way that AI impacts on this community. This paper will pose two key questions: does hype affect marginalised communities, particularly hype around new technologies such as AI; and what impact does the LGBTQ + community experience as a result of hype. This paper will then move on to discuss areas that provide a focus for discourse of AI hype and the impact on the LGBTQ + community: policy and decision-making, the maintenance of the cisgender heteronormative (cishet) baseline, the ubiquity of a mythology of AI, and the role of market expansion.
Ecotoxicological assessment of metformin as an antidiabetic water residue treated by electron beam accelerator irradiation
Authors: Tominaga Flávio Kiyoshi , de Jesus Juliana Mendonça Silva , Klanovicz Natalia , Redígolo Marcelo Miyada , Silva Thalita Tieko , Lebre Daniel Temponi , Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa , Leo Patricia , Borrely Sueli Ivone 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetformin (MET), an antidiabetic compound, has received increasing attention, as it cannot be effectively removed during conventional wastewater treatment processes and may act as an endocrine disruptor. Electron beam irradiation (EBI) is an eco-friendly process able to degrade and neutralize biohazardous pollution almost instantly. In this context, this study applied EBI to MET degradation and detoxification in aqueous solutions. A 98% MET degradation rate and TOC removal of 19.04 ± 1.20% at a 1.0 kGy EBI dose was obtained, with up to 65% mineralization reached at 5.0 kGy. Toxicity assays were performed with Vibrio fischeri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Daphnia similis, and the findings indicate that generated byproducts were only more toxic to D. similis. This reveals the need to assess organisms belonging to different trophic levels. A cytotoxic assessment employing Allium cepa roots demonstrated no toxic effects concerning untreated and irradiated samples.
A Lightweight Model for Malicious Code Classification Based on Structural Reparameterisation and Large Convolutional Kernels
Authors: Li Sicong , Wang Jian , Song Yafei , Wang Shuo , Wang Yanan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the advancement of adversarial techniques for malicious code, malevolent attackers have propagated numerous malicious code variants through shell coding and code obfuscation. Addressing the current issues of insufficient accuracy and efficiency in malicious code classification methods based on deep learning, this paper introduces a detection strategy for malicious code, uniting Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers. This approach utilizes deep neural architecture, incorporating a novel fusion module to reparametrize the structure, which mitigates memory access costs by eliminating residual connections within the network. Simultaneously, overparametrization during linear training time and significant kernel convolution techniques are employed to enhance network precision. In the data preprocessing stage, a pixel-based image size normalization algorithm and data augmentation techniques are utilized to remedy the loss of texture information in the malicious code image scaling process and class imbalance in the dataset, thereby enhancing essential feature expression and alleviating model overfitting. Empirical evidence substantiates this method has improved accuracy and the most recent malicious code detection technologies.
Interpretable Tongue Constitution Recognition via Reshaped Wavelet Attention
Authors: Wen Guihua , Liang Haozan , Li Huihui , Wen Pengcheng , Chen Rui , Li Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrently deep neural networks have been used to perform the tongue constitution recognition, but they are still challenged, failing to extract nice multi-scale and multi-level features. This paper proposes a novel interpretable tongue constitution recognition method based on the reshaped wavelet attention. It separates multi-scale features through discrete wavelet transform and then uses the attention mechanism to weight them. Subsequently, these features are reshaped to the high-dimensional space where the association knowledge of multi-level features are mined and hierarchized so as to fuse them efficiently. Finally, both are integrated into the framework of convolution neural network to generate the more accurate tongue image attributes, by which the tongue constitution recognition is performed. The proposed method not only obtains the higher performance with small cost, but also nicely interprets them. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective, efficient, and interpretable.
“We forgot about the donkeys!” An institutional analysis of the shift in animal welfare from direct implementation towards advocacy-based programming
Authors: Haddy Emily , Proops Leanne , Burden Faith , Raw Zoe , Kaminski Juliane , Brown Julia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Shifts from direct implementation to advocacy-based programming have been documented across many non-governmental organisation (NGO) sectors, including animal welfare. Semi-structured interviews with 32 staff from different positions within animal welfare NGOs explored recent programming changes. Maintaining a balance between direct implementation and advocacy-based activities emerged as a strong theme. The findings suggest that risks are associated with both the direct implementation status quo and transitioning to an advocacy-based focus. Risks of the former include treating symptoms rather than root causes of welfare problems. Organisational change can be disruptive and necessitates realignment of core competences, in turn influencing NGO mission. Identified risks of transition include loss of individuals whose values fail to align with new programming directions, increased upwards accountability requirements for accessing institutional donors and difficulties when phasing out direct implementation approaches. Whilst having to be dynamic, NGOs need to evaluate the risks associated with programming decisions, considering their vision, mission and staff identity in order to ensure that welfare programming is as effective as possible.
Utilization of system models in model-based systems engineering: definition, classes and research directions based on a systematic literature review
Authors: Wilking Fabian , Horber Dennis , Goetz Stefan , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The use of system models within model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is essential for improved communication or system documentation. Previous publications have investigated further reuse of these system models, for example, transforming them directly into discipline-specific models for reuse. The authors refer to this as the term “Utilization” of system models. It aims the compensation of modelling efforts and a further integration of linked models within MBSE. Motivated by a lack of common understanding of this term, a systematic literature review of the state of the art is presented. With this systematic overview, a definition and classification system for different use cases and system life cycle stages are created. These are key results to support engineers and researchers in adopting existing or discovering new utilization approaches. This supports the mission of advanced systems engineering and aims the identification of new research directions coming along with SysML v2 and the advanced systems engineering methods.