bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized molecular orbitals in the Hückel model of perturbed alternant hydrocarbons and their relation to the charge–bond order matrix
Authors: Gineityte V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn interrelation is expected between the charge–bond order matrix and the relevant representation matrix of noncanonical (localized) molecular orbitals (NCMOs) of perturbed alternant hydrocarbons (PAHs), as was the case with parent AHs. Accordingly, a single procedure is developed to obtain these matrices directly on the basis of solution of respective noncanonical one‐electron problems in the framework of the simple Hückel model, i.e., of the commutation equation for the one‐electron density matrix and of the block‐diagonalization problem for the Hamiltonian matrix, the latter originating from the Brillouin theorem. The procedure consists of three principal steps: (i) an initial passing to the basis of NCMOs of parent AHs by means of the nonperturbative block diagonalization of the relevant common Hamiltonian matrix (H) represented in the basis of 2pz AOs of carbon atoms; followed by (ii) application of the noncommutative Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory to solve the above‐specified noncanonical problems; and (iii) subsequent retransformation of the power series obtained into the initial basis of 2pz AOs. Rederivation of the classical results concerning the charge and bond order redistributions in AHs due to perturbation (including the rule of the alternating polarity for one‐center perturbations) following from the above‐described procedure indicates that these results are actually part of the noncanonical theory of MOs for PAHs. The principal achievement of the study, however, consists of obtaining general algebraic expressions for the common NCMO representation matrix of PAHs in terms of submatrices (blocks) of the relevant charge–bond order matrix. These expressions permit not only investigation of the effect of perturbation on the shapes of localized MOs, but also demonstrate the relationship between the given reshaping of these MOs and the respective charge redistribution. For local perturbations of a specific Coulomb parameter, reshaping of a single NCMO is shown to reflect the rule of the alternating polarity, namely of NCMO whose principal AO coincides with the site of perturbation. Moreover, the overall reshaping pattern of NCMOs was found in line with predictions of the simple resonance theory about increased contributions of certain quinoidal structures to the electronic structures of PAHs due to perturbations. NCMOs of pyridine and biphenyl molecules are studied in detail as examples. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
A Novel Dinuclear Nickel(II) Complex with Three Bridges of Cl–, OAc– and (‐OCH2CH2O‐) Group of N, N, N′, N′‐Tetrakis(2‐benzimidazolyl methyl‐1, 4‐di‐ethylene amino) Glycol Ether
Authors: Qin Shi‐Dong , Zhu Miao‐Li , Lu Li‐Ping , Feng Si‐Si , Zhang Hong‐Mei , Yang Pin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe novel dinuclear Ni2+ complex [Ni2(μ‐Cl)(μ‐OAc) (EGTB)]·Cl·ClO4·2CH3OH, where EGTB is N, N, N′, N′‐tetrakis (2‐benzimidazolyl methyl‐1, 4‐di‐ethylene amino)glycol ether, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with a = 15.272(2), b = 14.768(2), c = 22.486(3) Å, V = 5071.4(12) Å3, Z = 4, Dcalc = 1.414 g cm−3, and is bridged by triply bridging agents of a chloride ion, an acetate and an intra‐ligand (‐OCH2CH2O‐) group. The nickel coordination geometry is that of a slightly distorted octahedron with a NiN3O2Cl arrangement of the ligand donor atoms. The Ni–Cl distance is 2.361(2) Å, and two Ni–O distances are 1.996(5) and 2.279(6) Å. The three Ni–N distances are 2.033(7), 2.060(6), and 2.166(6) Å with the Ni–N bond trans to an ether oxygen the shortest, the Ni–N bond trans to an acetate oxygen the middle and the Ni–N bond trans to Cl the longest.
Epidemiology of large bowel cancer
Authors: Levin Kenneth E. , Dozois Roger R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractResults from epidemiologic studies have provided insights into the etiology of large bowel cancer. Markedly diverse incidences of colorectal cancer exist in various parts of the world and within different regions of a given country. Studies of migrant populations have revealed a role for environmental factors, particularly dietary, in the etiology of colorectal cancers. Genetic factors and inflammatory bowel disease also place certain individuals at increased risk. Sedentary lifestyle, cholecystectomy, and ureterosigmoidostomy may also increase the risk of developing large bowel cancer.
Principles of surgical technique in the treatment of carcinoma of the large bowel
Authors: Corman Marvin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe principles of surgical technique for the operative management of colon cancer are described. With the background of the evolution of anastomotic alternatives, the methods for reestablishing intestinal continuity and the approach to the treatment of complicated presentations of colonic cancer are reviewed. While one may construe this paper to have a certain author bias, I have tried to present diverse options where pertinent, but there should be little question as to where my opinion lies.
Cost‐effective management of colon and rectal cancer
Authors: Heine John A. , Rothenberger David A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHealth care costs in the United States of America continue to rise. Legislators, economists and third party payers are becoming increasingly concerned with intervention outcomes and the distribution of resources. It is the responsibility of the medical profession to assume a leading role in assessing the cost‐effectiveness of health care interventions. Although many physicians perform informal cost‐effectiveness analyses on a daily basis, health economists employ a variety of more complex methodologies. This article will attempt to provide physicians with an understanding of the value and limitations of the tools used in formal cost‐effectiveness analyses and demonstrate how these tools may be applied to the management of colon and rectal cancer.
A perspective on clinical research strategies in carcinoma of the large bowel
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExperience with screening for colorectal cancer has been disappointing. Prevention of this disease seems to be a more beneficial research direction. Although radical surgery presents the best treatment option, it is nonetheless an inadequate strategy by itself. A new dose intensive approach would temporally combine surgery and chemotherapy as a coordinated event. This would allow maximal cytoreduction over a minimal time period and little or no development of resistant cancer cells. This approach has resulted in a 75% projected 5 year survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from cystadenocarcinoma. Strategies for application of this cytoreductive approach in many patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer are present.
Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) for fulminant hepatic failure: First successful case report
Authors: Gubernatis Gundolf , Pichlmayr Rudolf , Kemnitz Josef , Gratz Klaus 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFulminant hepatic failure is a life‐threatening event with a high mortality rate up to 80%. Orthotopic liver transplantation has markedly decreased this mortality rate and is therefore a well established procedure for hepatic failure. However, this treatment neglects the fact that patients surviving hepatic failure without liver transplantation experienced a complete morphologic and functional recovery of their own liver. Temporary support of liver function in such cases could therefore be desirable and adequate therapy. Auxiliary liver transplantation could fulfill this demand. However, the standard technique of auxiliary grafting, transplanting a graft in a heterotopic position, is burdened by problems such as elevated venous back‐pressure, insufficient respectively competing portal blood supply for both livers with an unpredictable long‐term outcome. In order to cope with these problems, we performed an auxiliary transplantation in an orthotopic position. To accomplish this procedure we had to reduce the size of both the recipient and the donor livers. We, thus, performed an auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplant (APOLT). The first patient was a 33 year old female who was transplanted on November 25, 1989. She developed a HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome and fell into a deep coma. At the time of transplantation histologic examination of her own liver revealed 80% confluent necrosis. We resected segments 2 and 3 of the recipient liver and transplanted the whole left lobe of the donor liver into this position. The graft showed immediate function. Five months after transplantation both histology and function as detected by cholescintigraphy were normal, and the patient had fully recovered. Sixteen months after transplantation, the immunosuppression was tapered off and the graft shrunk. The patient has since shown permanent recovery. This procedure combines the advantages of auxiliary grafting with the advantages of an orthotopic normal position of the graft. It avoids graft failure due to the heterotopic position. It is a reversible step thus facilitating timely decision making for indication. The APOLT procedure indicates a new way in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure.
Algebraic lower bounds for the uniform radius of spatial analyticity for the generalized KdV equation
Authors: Grujić Zoran , Kalisch Henrik , Bona Jerry L. 
Published: June 2005

The generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation has the property that solutions with initial data that are analytic in a strip in the complex plane continue to be analytic in a strip as time progresses. Established here are algebraic lower bounds on the possible rate of decrease in time of the uniform radius of spatial analyticity for these equations. Previously known results featured exponentially decreasing bounds.

Résumé
Si la donnée initiale est analytique sur une bande dans le plan complexe, alors la solution de l'équation de Korteweg et de Vries généralisée le reste pour tout temps. Nous montrons que la largeur de cette bande décroit algébriquement en temps. Les résultats antérieurs ne donnaient qu'un taux de décroissance exponentiel.
Effects of coumarin and 7OH‐coumarin on bcl‐2 and Bax expression in two human lung cancer cell lines in vitro
Authors: Elinos‐Báez C.M. , León F. , Santos E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCoumarin and its derivative 7‐hydroxycoumarin (7‐OHC) have antitumor and antimetastatic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of these compounds on expression of the bcl‐2 and Bax oncoproteins in two human lung cancer cell lines, A427 and Calu‐1. The cells were cultured in vitro for 24 h in RPMI 1640 with 1.5% (v/v) ethanol, 1.0 mM ethanolic coumarin or 1.0 mM ethanolic 7‐OHC. Viability was determined in each cell line by an MTT assay. Total protein was extracted from cell lysates and the bcl‐2 and Bax oncoproteins were identified. Western blotting showed a decrease in bcl‐2 and an increase in Bax in A427 cells cultured with coumarin or 7‐OHC. Neither drug changed bcl‐2 expression in Calu‐1 cells compared to solvent controls, and Bax expression was only slightly increased by coumarin. We conclude that 7‐OHC is a more potent inhibitor of cell proliferation than coumarin and has more marked effects on oncoprotein expression. Also, the A427 cell line was more sensitive to the drugs than Calu‐1.
A review of intrathecal morphine therapy related granulomas
Authors: Miele Vincent J. , Price Kenneth O. , Bloomfield Stephen , Hogg Jeffrey , Bailes Julian E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe development of catheter associated granulomatous masses in intrathecal morphine therapy is an uncommon, but potentially serious problem. While these systems have historically been used in patients with short life expectancies, more recently patients with pain from a benign source have benefited from this therapy, and new complications are being encountered secondary to the patients' longer life spans.Morphine is the most commonly used intrathecal opioid and evidence exists that the formation of granulomatous masses are related to the use of higher doses. When the patients' requirement of morphine increases significantly, the physician should be alert for signs of spinal cord compression, such as new neurological deficits, myelopathy, or radiculopathy. Patients that require these higher doses should be properly informed of the association with granulomas and their associated risks.Indolent infection may also be the etiology of granulomatous masses, and the presence of organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic, should be routinely investigated.Patients with catheter‐associated granulomas appear to share several features. They exhibit the onset of symptoms several months following the initiation of intraspinal opioids and commonly present with an increase in pain that precedes signs and symptoms of neurological deterioration.While MRI might be the preferred method of detection of intrathecal granulomas, its cost and availability are prohibitive for routine screening. CT myelogram via pump side port injection of contrast can also be performed to detect catheter tip related granulomas/obstructions. Serial neurological examinations for new deficits may be performed and recorded during pump refill visits to recognize a granulomatous mass in its early stages. If an abnormality is identified, imaging studies are appropriate. Awareness of the condition and vigilance are the keys to successful management of this complication.
Efficacy of a short-term psychoeducational intervention for persistent non-organic insomnia in severely mentally ill patients. A pilot study
Authors: Biancosino Bruno , Rocchi Denis , Donà Silvia , Kotrotsiou Vasiliki , Marmai Luciana , Grassi Luigi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInsomnia in psychiatric patients is frequently underestimated in clinical practice. Usually drugs are prescribed for the treatment of this disorder but non-pharmacological intervention can be successfully used. The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a two-session psychoeducational intervention in improving persistent non-organic insomnia and reducing the administration of PRN therapy in severely mentally ill patients.A pre-post study was performed on 36 psychiatric patients admitted to a residential psychiatric unit. The Nocturnal Sleep Onset Scale (NSOS) and Daytime Sleepiness Scale (DSS), the sleep onset latency, the time awake after sleep onset and the numbers of awakenings were gathered 2 weeks before the intervention (T0), immediately prior the intervention (T1), 2 weeks after the last session of the intervention (T2) and a 3-month follow-up (T3). The total number of administrations of PRN therapy from T0 toT1 and from T1 to T2 were also examined. A significant reduction was shown on the NSOS, the sleep onset latency and in the time awake after sleep onset from T1 to T2 and from T1 to T3, while no significant difference was found between T0 and T1. A significant decrease on the mean number of administrations of PRN therapy was also found between 15 days before the intervention (T0–T1) and 15 days after intervention (T1–T2). The initial results of this study seems to suggest the possible efficacy of a short-term psychoeducational intervention on improving persistent non-organic insomnia in severely mentally ill patients. Further control studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
License valuation in the aerospace industry: A real options approach
Authors: Miller Luke , Bertus Mark 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses a practical case application of real options applied to license valuation in the aerospace maintenance, repair, and overhaul industry. After categorizing the available licensing opportunities of the firm, four distinct licensing classes are identified: traditional delay licenses, contingent investment licenses, licenses with cost uncertainties, and indefinite delay licenses. Due to the varying nature of the classes, accepted real option valuation techniques are applied to include the European call, dual asset, exchange, and perpetual option. Appropriate sensitivity analyses and discussion for each license class provide guidelines for decision‐making. In general, it is shown that the real options framework captures value overlooked by discounted cash flow approaches.
Government Capacity and the Hong Kong Civil Service. By John P. Burns. [Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. xvi+468 pp. ISBN 0-19-590597-0.]
Authors: Manion Melanie 
Published: June 2005

John Burns has written an exhaustively researched and highly important book for scholars with a particular interest in Chinese politics and, more broadly, for the fields of comparative politics and public management. Burns examines the contributions of the civil service to government capacity in Hong Kong. His focus is the crucial post-1997 period, which presents him with a number of interesting analytical issues. First, post-1997 Hong Kong continues to lack the political institutions linking citizen preferences to government policy outcomes. In this context, the civil service takes on enormous political importance: it identifies and proposes solutions to community problems, roles that would be performed by politicians and political parties in a liberal democracy. Secondly, although post-1997 Hong Kong has significant autonomy, it is a local government, essentially subject to the rule of Communist leaders in Beijing. This raises interesting problems of relations between centre and locality. Finally, and not least of all, the Hong Kong economy suffered a significant decline in the late 1990s. This challenged the performancebased legitimacy of the government and placed new pressures on it to reform the civil service to strengthen government capacity. Evaluation of these reforms is an important contribution of this volume.Burns examines the civil service from a public management perspective, both describing policies and analysing actual practices, the latter with the use of interviews, surveys and case studies. In the 1980s and 1990s, Hong Kong government capacity was high. Economic growth was rapid, unemployment was low, and public support for the government was strong, based on apparently successful performance.
Envisioning Taiwan: Fiction, Cinema, and the Nation in the Cultural Imaginary. By June Yip. [Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. 356 pp. $24.95. ISBN 0-8223-33367-8.]
Authors: Liao Ping-Hui 
Published: June 2005

June Yip's Envisioning Taiwan considers Taiwan's emergent discourse on a national identity in light of its regionalist or nativist (hsiang-t'u) literary movement and the New Cinema which flourished in the 1970s and 1980s. The book has seven chapters, largely devoted to the work of artists such as Hwang Chun-ming and Hou Hsiao-hsien. It gives a most sensible and nuanced account of the development of post-colonial global consciousness and of the indigenization processes in post-1987, Taiwan when martial law was lifted. It argues that language, literature and cinema have played a vital part in constructing cultural nationalism. To map the critical paths in which the Taiwanese have struggled to fashion a unique cultural identity, Yip reveals how “the complexities of Taiwanese literature and film have themselves necessitated a reassessment of conventional assumptions about the local, the national, and the global” (p. 11).Democratization, indigenization and the emergence of a vigorous native consciousness provided parameters that pushed forward local demands for “creative ways to assert the island's undeniable existence as an independent entity without actually declaring itself a nation” (p. 246). According to Yip, the ascendancy of Taiwanese national consciousness was indebted to the political liberation of the 1980s, but was in fact inspired by the hsiang-t'u literature of the 1960s and 1970s. She begins with the literary debates of 1977–78 and uses Hwang Chun-ming as a prime – albeit “curious” – example of someone who provided a voice of local colour in response to capitalist lifestyles, trendy Western ideas and American cultural goods.
Modulation of voltage‐dependent Ba2+ currents in the guinea‐pig gastric antrum by cyclic nucleotide‐dependent pathways
Authors: Zhu Hai‐Lei , Hirst G David S , Ito Yushi , Teramoto Noriyoshi 
Published: June 2005

We have investigated whether the activation of cAMP‐ and cGMP‐dependent pathways modifies the properties of voltage‐dependent Ba2+ currents (IBa) recorded from guinea‐pig gastric myocytes using patch‐clamp techniques. All experiments were carried on single smooth muscle cells, dispersed from the circular layer of the guinea‐pig gastric antrum.
Both dibutyryl cAMP (db‐cAMP, 0.1–1 mM), a membrane‐permeable ester of cAMP, and isoproterenol, a selective β‐stimulant, inhibited IBa in a concentration‐dependent manner.
Forskolin, but not dideoxy‐forskolin, an inactive isomer of forskolin, inhibited the peak amplitude of IBa.
In the presence of either Rp‐cAMP or the PKA (cAMP‐dependent protein kinase) inhibitor peptide 5‐24 (PKA‐IP), neither forskolin nor db‐cAMP inhibited IBa.
After establishing a conventional whole‐cell recording, the peak amplitude of IBa gradually decreased when the catalytic subunit of PKA was included in the pipette. The further application of Rp‐cAMP reversibly enhanced IBa.
Sodium nitroprusside (0.1–1 mM) and 8‐Br‐cGMP (0.1–1 mM) also inhibited IBa in a concentration‐dependent manner.
The inhibitory effects of forskolin or db‐cAMP on IBa were not significantly changed by pretreatment with a cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor. Similarly, the inhibitory actions of 8‐Br‐cGMP on IBa were not modified by PKA‐IP.
The membrane‐permeable cyclic nucleotides db‐cAMP and 8‐Br‐cGMP caused little shift of the voltage dependence of the steady‐state inactivation and reactivation curves.
Neither of the membrane‐permeable cyclic nucleotides db‐cAMP or 8‐Br‐cGMP had additive inhibitory effects on IBa.
These results indicate that two distinct cyclic nucleotide‐dependent pathways are present in the guinea‐pig gastric antrum, and that both inhibited IBa in an independent manner.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 129–138. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706295
Fuglede’s conjecture fails in dimension 4
Authors: Matolcsi Máté 
Published: June 2005

In this note we modify a recent example of Tao and give an example of a set

Ω
⊂

R

4

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^4

such that

L
2

(
Ω
)

L^2(\Omega )

admits an orthonormal basis of exponentials

{

1

|

Ω

|

1

/

2

e

2
π
i
⟨
x
,
ξ
⟩

}

ξ
∈
Λ

\{\frac {1}{|\Omega |^{1/2}}e^{2\pi i \langle x, \xi \rangle }\}_{\xi \in \Lambda }

for some set

Λ
⊂

R

4

\Lambda \subset \mathbb {R}^4

, but which does not tile

R

4

\mathbb {R}^4

by translations. This shows that one direction of Fuglede’s conjecture fails already in dimension 4. Some common properties of translational tiles and spectral sets are also proved.