bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of $${^{180\textrm{m}}}$$Hf in photoproton reaction $${^{181}}$$Ta$$(\gamma ,p)$$ at energy $$E_{\mathrm{\gamma max}} = 35$$–95 MeV
Authors: Timchenko I. S. , Deiev O. S. , Olejnik S. N. , Potin S. M. , Korda L. P. , Kushnir V. A. , Mytrochenko V. V. , Perezhogin S. A. , Herzáň A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe production of the $$^{180\textrm{m}}\textrm{Hf}$$

180
m

Hf

nuclei in the photoproton reaction $${^{181}\textrm{Ta}}(\gamma ,p)$$

181

Ta

(
γ
,
p
)

was studied at end-point bremsstrahlung energies $$E_{\mathrm{\gamma max}}=35$$

E

γ
max

=
35

–95 MeV. The experiment was performed at the electron linear accelerator LUE-40 NSC KIPT with the use of the $$\gamma $$
γ
activation and off-line $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray spectroscopy. The experimental values of the bremsstrahlung flux-averaged cross-sections $$\langle {\sigma (E_{\mathrm{\gamma max}})}\rangle _{\textrm{m}}$$

⟨

σ
(

E

γ
max

)

⟩

m

for the $${^{181}\textrm{Ta}}(\gamma ,p)^{180\textrm{m}}\textrm{Hf}$$

181

Ta

(
γ
,
p
)

180
m

Hf

reaction were determined, and at $$E_{\mathrm{\gamma max}} > 55$$

E

γ
max

>
55

MeV obtained for the first time. The measured values, as well as the literature data, significantly (by more that an order of magnitude) exceed the theoretical flux-averaged cross-sections $$\langle {\sigma (E_{\mathrm{\gamma max}})}\rangle _{\textrm{th}}$$

⟨

σ
(

E

γ
max

)

⟩

th

. The $$\langle {\sigma (E_{\mathrm{\gamma max}})}\rangle _{\textrm{th}}$$

⟨

σ
(

E

γ
max

)

⟩

th

values were calculated using the cross-section $$\sigma (E)$$

σ
(
E
)

computed with the TALYS1.95 code for six different level density models. A comparative analysis of the calculated total cross-sections from the TALYS computation for the reactions $${^{181}\textrm{Ta}}(\gamma ,p)^{180}\textrm{Hf}$$

181

Ta

(
γ
,
p
)

180

Hf

and $${^{181}\textrm{Ta}}(\gamma ,n)^{180}\textrm{Ta}$$

181

Ta

(
γ
,
n
)

180

Ta

was performed. It was shown that the photoproton $$(\gamma ,p)$$

(
γ
,
p
)

to photoneutron $$(\gamma ,n)$$

(
γ
,
n
)

strength ratio is consistent with the estimates based on the isospin selection rules and the value from the $$(e,e'p)$$

(
e
,

e
′

p
)

experiment.
New mass limit of a strange star admitting a colour flavor locked equation of state
Authors: Goswami K. B. , Saha A. , Chattopadhyay P. K. , Karmakar S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA class of strange stars is analysed in the present article in hydrostatic equilibrium, whose state is defined by a CFL phase equation of state. We have compared our results with those obtained from the MIT equation of state for strange quark matter, which is regarded as free particles. We have noted that if we consider quarks to form a cooper pair and if their description is made by the CFL equation of state, the maximum mass of strange star reaches a value as high as 3.61 $$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

. This value is well above the value of 2.03 $$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

obtained by using the MIT bag equation of state for massless free quarks. Both the maximum masses are determined by solving the TOV equation for different values of the strange quark mass $$m_s$$

m
s

. Thus, the inclusion of the possibility of quark pair formation in the theory permits us to accommodate a wider class of compact objects such as PSR J1614-2230, PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0952-0607 etc. and the mass of the companion star in the GW190814 event in our model. The consideration of such a high value of mass is hardly theoretically obtainable from normal strange star models in general relativity even with a fast rotation effect. The object PSR J0952-0607 is found to be the fastest and heaviest pulsar in the disk of Milky Way Galaxy, having a mass of 2.35 $$M_{\odot }$$

M
⊙

, which may be predicted in our model, as observational evidence supports the existence of strange quark matter in its composition.
Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation and Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Idris Ahamed H. , Aramendi Ecenarro Elisabete , Leroux Brian , Jaureguibeitia Xabier , Yang Betty Y. , Shaver Sarah , Chang Mary P. , Rea Tom , Kudenchuk Peter , Christenson Jim , Vaillancourt Christian , Callaway Clifton , Salcido David , Carson Jonas , Blackwood Jennifer , Wang Henry E. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Few studies have measured ventilation during early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before advanced airway placement. Resuscitation guidelines recommend pauses after every 30 chest compressions to deliver ventilations. The effectiveness of bag-valve-mask ventilation delivered during the pause in chest compressions is unknown. We sought to determine: (1) the incidence of lung inflation with bag-valve-mask ventilation during 30:2 CPR; and (2) the association of ventilation with outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

METHODS:

We studied patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from 6 sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium CCC study (Trial of Continuous Compressions versus Standard CPR in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest). We analyzed patients assigned to the 30:2 CPR arm with ≥2 minutes of thoracic bioimpedance signal recorded with a cardiac defibrillator/monitor. Detectable ventilation waveforms were defined as having a bioimpedance amplitude ≥0.5 Ω (corresponding to ≥250 mL V
T
) and a duration ≥1 s. We defined a chest compression pause as a 3- to 15-s break in chest compressions. We compared the incidence of ventilation and outcomes in 2 groups: patients with ventilation waveforms in <50% of pauses (group 1) versus those with waveforms in ≥50% of pauses (group 2).

RESULTS:

Among 1976 patients, the mean age was 65 years; 66% were male. From the start of chest compressions until advanced airway placement, mean±SD duration of 30:2 CPR was 9.8±4.9 minutes. During this period, we identified 26 861 pauses in chest compressions; 60% of patients had ventilation waveforms in <50% of pauses (group 1, n=1177), and 40% had waveforms in ≥50% of pauses (group 2, n=799). Group 1 had a median of 12 pauses and 2 ventilations per patient versus group 2, which had 12 pauses and 12 ventilations per patient. Group 2 had higher rates of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (40.7% versus 25.2%;
P
<0.0001), survival to hospital discharge (13.5% versus 4.1%;
P
<0.0001), and survival with favorable neurological outcome (10.6% versus 2.4%;
P
<0.0001). These associations persisted after adjustment for confounders.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, lung inflation occurred infrequently with bag-valve-mask ventilation during 30:2 CPR. Lung inflation in ≥50% of pauses was associated with improved return of spontaneous circulation, survival, and survival with favorable neurological outcome.
Raising NAD
+
Level Stimulates Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Proteins to Alleviate Heart Failure Independent of Mitochondrial Protein Deacetylation
Authors: Walker Matthew A. , Chen Hongye , Yadav Aprajita , Ritterhoff Julia , Villet Outi , McMillen Tim , Wang Yuliang , Purcell Hayley , Djukovic Danijel , Raftery Daniel , Isoherranen Nina , Tian Rong 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Strategies to increase cellular NAD
+
(oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) level have prevented cardiac dysfunction in multiple models of heart failure, but molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Little is known about the benefits of NAD
+
-based therapies in failing hearts after the symptoms of heart failure have appeared. Most pretreatment regimens suggested mechanisms involving activation of sirtuin, especially Sirt3 (sirtuin 3), and mitochondrial protein acetylation.

METHODS:
We induced cardiac dysfunction by pressure overload in SIRT3-deficient (knockout) mice and compared their response with nicotinamide riboside chloride treatment with wild-type mice. To model a therapeutic approach, we initiated the treatment in mice with established cardiac dysfunction.

RESULTS:

We found nicotinamide riboside chloride improved mitochondrial function and blunted heart failure progression. Similar benefits were observed in wild-type and knockout mice. Boosting NAD
+
level improved the function of NAD(H) redox-sensitive SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) family proteins. Upregulation of Mrpp2 (mitochondrial ribonuclease P protein 2), a multifunctional SDR protein and a subunit of mitochondrial ribonuclease P, improves mitochondrial DNA transcripts processing and electron transport chain function. Activation of SDRs in the retinol metabolism pathway stimulates RXRα (retinoid X receptor α)/PPARα (proliferator-activated receptor α) signaling and restores mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Downregulation of Mrpp2 and impaired mitochondrial ribonuclease P were found in human failing hearts, suggesting a shared mechanism of defective mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse and human heart failure.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings identify SDR proteins as important regulators of mitochondrial function and molecular targets of NAD
+
-based therapy. Furthermore, the benefit is observed regardless of Sirt3-mediated mitochondrial protein deacetylation, a widely held mechanism for NAD
+
-based therapy for heart failure. The data also show that NAD
+
-based therapy can be useful in pre-existing heart failure.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation: A Study-Level Meta-Analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA Trials
Authors: McIntyre William F. , Benz Alexander P. , Becher Nina , Healey Jeffrey S. , Granger Christopher B. , Rivard Lena , Camm A. John , Goette Andreas , Zapf Antonia , Alings Marco , Connolly Stuart J. , Kirchhof Paulus , Lopes Renato D. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Device-detected atrial fibrillation (also known as subclinical atrial fibrillation or atrial high-rate episodes) is a common finding in patients with an implanted cardiac rhythm device and is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Whether oral anticoagulation is effective and safe in this patient population is unclear.

METHODS:
We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase for randomized trials comparing oral anticoagulation with antiplatelet or no antithrombotic therapy in adults with device-detected atrial fibrillation recorded by a pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy device, or implanted cardiac monitor. We used random-effects models for meta-analysis and rated the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework (GRADE). The review was preregistered (PROSPERO CRD42023463212).

RESULTS:

From 785 citations, we identified 2 randomized trials with relevant clinical outcome data: NOAH-AFNET 6 (Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial High Rate Episodes; 2536 participants) evaluated edoxaban, and ARTESiA (Apixaban for the Reduction of Thrombo-Embolism in Patients With Device-Detected Sub-Clinical Atrial Fibrillation; 4012 participants) evaluated apixaban. Meta-analysis demonstrated that oral anticoagulation with these agents reduced ischemic stroke (relative risk [RR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50–0.92]; high-quality evidence). The results from the 2 trials were consistent (I
2
statistic for heterogeneity=0%). Oral anticoagulation also reduced a composite of cardiovascular death, all-cause stroke, peripheral arterial embolism, myocardial infarction, or pulmonary embolism (RR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.73–0.99]; I
2
=0%; moderate-quality evidence). There was no reduction in cardiovascular death (RR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.76–1.17]; I
2
=0%; moderate-quality evidence) or all-cause mortality (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.96–1.21]; I
2
=0%; moderate-quality evidence). Oral anticoagulation increased major bleeding (RR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.05–2.50]; I²=61%; high-quality evidence).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the NOAH-AFNET 6 and ARTESiA trials are consistent with each other. Meta-analysis of these 2 large randomized trials provides high-quality evidence that oral anticoagulation with edoxaban or apixaban reduces the risk of stroke in patients with device-detected atrial fibrillation and increases the risk of major bleeding.
Universal Generation for Optimality Theory Is PSPACE-Complete
Authors: Hao Sophie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article shows that the universal generation problem for Optimality Theory (OT) is PSPACE-complete. While prior work has shown that universal generation is at least NP-hard and at most EXPSPACE-hard, our results place universal generation in between those two classes, assuming that NP ≠ PSPACE. We additionally show that when the number of constraints is bounded in advance, universal generation is at least NL-hard and at most NPNP-hard. Our proofs rely on a close connection between OT and the intersection non-emptiness problem for finite automata, which is PSPACE-complete in general and NL-complete when the number of automata is bounded. Our analysis shows that constraint interaction is the main contributor to the complexity of OT: The ability to factor transformations into simple, interacting constraints allows OT to furnish compact descriptions of intricate phonological phenomena.
New and emerging therapies for women, girls, and people with the potential to menstruate with VWD
Authors: Casari Caterina , Leung Jennifer , James Paula D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Innovation in therapies for patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) has lagged far behind that for hemophilia, creating inequity in the bleeding disorder community. Although currently existing treatments of antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, and plasma-derived von Willebrand factor replacement are considered effective, multiple studies report poor quality of life in patients with VWD, especially those with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). This disconnect underscores the need for novel therapies that are safe and effective and that consider a patient’s specific contraceptive and reproductive needs. Recombinant von Willebrand factor is the most recent new therapy for VWD; the data specific to women are reviewed. We also present emerging data on emicizumab for the treatment of VWD, BT200 (rondoraptivon pegol), generalized hemostatic therapies (VGA039 and HMB-011), as well as treatments based on nanotechnology (platelet-inspired nanoparticles and KB-V13A12). We are optimistic as we move toward pivotal clinical trials for these elegant and innovative treatments.
Chronic toxicity testing including transcriptomics-based molecular profiling in Cloeon dipterum
Authors: Germing Kirsten , Ayobahan Steve U. , Reinwald Hannes , Vogt Maria , Ringbeck Benedikt , Göckener Bernd , Eilebrecht Elke , Kosak Lena , Eilebrecht Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe so-called EPT taxa have been shown to be highly sensitive to various environmental pollutants. However, there are only few published studies on toxicity testing with EPT representatives and there is a particular lack of protocols for chronic toxicity testing, e.g., for integration into species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approaches. To address this gap, we performed a long-term 38-day semi-static toxicity test with the European mayfly species Cloeon dipterum using the insecticide fipronil as model substance. The functionality of the test system was confirmed by the high emergence rate of 85% in the control condition. We found a high sensitivity with regard to larval development with an EC50 of 180 ng/L and a NOEC of 38.0 ng/L after 7 days exposure. After 38 days, an LC50 value of 185 ng/L and an EC50 value of 160 ng/L for emergence (both: NOEC = 38.0 ng/L) were calculated. In a short-term 7-day toxicity test, we found a similar effect on larval development. In addition to the physiological endpoints, we examined fipronil-induced gene expression changes at the transcriptome level in this test. Our results revealed a concentration-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed genes, as well as observed effects on larval development. Notably, we identified marker gene candidates involved in nervous system development, mirroring the known mode-of-action of fipronil in C. dipterum. The affected genes primarily play crucial roles in neurological processes. Concluding, within this two-step approach we were able to identify fipronil effects on the sublethal physiological endpoint larval development and to complement these effects at the molecular level by gene expression changes in the transcriptome. Thus, this assay proved to be suitable to assess sublethal effects as well as the mode-of-action of substances in the non-standard organism C. dipterum already after a short-term exposure of 7 days. However, further testing is required to validate the procedure.
Statistical modeling to quantify the uncertainty of FoldX-predicted protein folding and binding stability
Authors: Sapozhnikov Yesol , Patel Jagdish Suresh , Ytreberg F. Marty , Miller Craig R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Computational methods of predicting protein stability changes upon missense mutations are invaluable tools in high-throughput studies involving a large number of protein variants. However, they are limited by a wide variation in accuracy and difficulty of assessing prediction uncertainty. Using a popular computational tool, FoldX, we develop a statistical framework that quantifies the uncertainty of predicted changes in protein stability.

Results
We show that multiple linear regression models can be used to quantify the uncertainty associated with FoldX prediction for individual mutations. Comparing the performance among models with varying degrees of complexity, we find that the model precision improves significantly when we utilize molecular dynamics simulation as part of the FoldX workflow. Based on the model that incorporates information from molecular dynamics, biochemical properties, as well as FoldX energy terms, we can generally expect upper bounds on the uncertainty of folding stability predictions of ± 2.9 kcal/mol and ± 3.5 kcal/mol for binding stability predictions. The uncertainty for individual mutations varies; our model estimates it using FoldX energy terms, biochemical properties of the mutated residue, as well as the variability among snapshots from molecular dynamics simulation.

Conclusions
Using a linear regression framework, we construct models to predict the uncertainty associated with FoldX prediction of stability changes upon mutation. This technique is straightforward and can be extended to other computational methods as well.
Corneal biomechanics in normal and subclinical keratoconus eyes
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Sepahvand Fatemeh , Pourazizi Mohsen , Noorshargh Pegah , Forouhari Ali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of keratoconus, as the most prevalent corneal ectatic disorder, at the subclinical stage gained great attention due to the increased acceptance of refractive surgeries. This study aimed to assess the pattern of the corneal biomechanical properties derived from Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) and evaluate the diagnostic value of these parameters in distinguishing subclinical keratoconus (SKC) from normal eyes.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 73 SKC and 69 normal eyes. Subclinical keratoconus eyes were defined as corneas with no clinical evidence of keratoconus and suspicious topographic and tomographic features. Following a complete ophthalmic examination, topographic and tomographic corneal assessment via Pentacam HR, and corneal biomechanical evaluation utilizing Corvis ST were done.

Results
Subclinical keratoconus eyes presented significantly higher Deformation Amplitude (DA) ratio, Tomographic Biomechanical Index (TBI), and Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) rates than the control group. Conversely, Ambrósio Relational Thickness to the Horizontal profile (ARTh), and Stiffness Parameter at the first Applanation (SPA1) showed significantly lower rates in SKC eyes. In diagnosing SKC from normal eyes, TBI (AUC: 0.858, Cut-off value: > 0.33, Youden index: 0.55), ARTh (AUC: 0.813, Cut-off value: ≤ 488.1, Youden index: 0.58), and CBI (AUC: 0.804, Cut-off value: > 0.47, Youden index: 0.49) appeared as good indicators.

Conclusions
TBI, CBI, and ARTh parameters could be valuable in distinguishing SKC eyes from normal ones.
Devices and furniture for small and sick newborn care: systematic development of a planning and costing tool
Authors: Tarus Alice , Msemo Georgina , Kamuyu Rosemary , Shamba Donat , Kirby Rebecca P. , Palamountain Kara M. , Gicheha Edith , Kumar Meghan Bruce , Powell-Jackson Timothy , Bohne Christine , Murless-Collins Sarah , Liaghati-Mobarhan Sara , Morgan Alison , Oden Z. Maria , Richards-Kortum Rebecca , Lawn Joy E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh-quality neonatal care requires sufficient functional medical devices, furniture, fixtures, and use by trained healthcare workers, however there is lack of publicly available tools for quantification and costing. This paper describes development and use of a planning and costing tool regarding furniture, fixtures and devices to support scale-up of WHO level-2 neonatal care, for national and global newborn survival targets.MethodsWe followed a systematic process. First, we reviewed planning and costing tools of relevance. Second, we co-designed a new tool to estimate furniture and device set-up costs for a default 40-bed level-2 neonatal unit, incorporating input from multi-disciplinary experts and newborn care guidelines. Furniture and device lists were based off WHO guidelines/norms, UNICEF and national manuals/guides. Due to lack of evidence-based quantification, ratios were based on operational manuals, multi-country facility assessment data, and expert opinion. Default unit costs were from government procurement agency costs in Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania. Third, we refined the tool by national use in Tanzania.ResultsThe tool adapts activity-based costing (ABC) to estimate quantities and costs to equip a level-2 neonatal unit based on three components: (1) furniture/fixtures (18 default but editable items); (2) neonatal medical devices (16 product categories with minimum specifications for use in low-resource settings); (3) user training at device installation. The tool was used in Tanzania to generate procurement lists and cost estimates for level-2 scale-up in 171 hospitals (146 District and 25 Regional Referral). Total incremental cost of all new furniture and equipment acquisition, installation, and user training were US$93,000 per District hospital (level-2 care) and US$346,000 per Regional Referral hospital. Estimated cost per capita for whole-country district coverage was US$0.23, representing 0.57% increase in government health expenditure per capita and additional 0.35% for all Regional Referral hospitals.ConclusionGiven 2.3 million neonatal deaths and potential impact of level-2 newborn care, rational and efficient planning of devices linked to systems change is foundational. In future iterations, we aim to include consumables, spare parts, and maintenance cost options. More rigorous implementation research data are crucial to formulating evidence-based ratios for devices numbers per baby. Use of this tool could help overcome gaps in devices numbers, advance efficiency and quality of neonatal care.