bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential candidacy for thrombolysis among ischemic stroke patients presenting to Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Aliena Badshah  , Haider Iqbal , Durkho Atif  , Muhammad Taimoor  
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To determine the number of ischemic stroke patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital that are potential candidates for thrombolysis.
Methods: This need analysis study was conducted on one hundred consecutive ischemic stroke patients during the last quarter of 2022 at the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. The Arrival National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIH Stroke Scale) was calculated for all suspected stroke patients after a detailed history and clinical examination. An urgent non-contrast-enhanced CT scan brain was carried out. Patients were included in the study group after intra-cranial bleed was excluded on imaging.
Results: The majority (43%) of the patients (male and female) fell in the age group 51-60 years. Fifty-nine (59%) patients had hypertension as a co-morbid condition; 49% had diabetes mellitus while the remaining percentages were constituted by other risk factors. Fifty-seven (57%) patients presented with NIH Stroke Scale between 5-15; 25% had NIH Stroke Scale greater than or equal to 21. Forty-one (41%) patients having daytime (8 am to 8 pm) strokes presented within 4.5 hours of stroke onset to the hospital while 31% of patients having nighttime strokes (8 pm to 8 am) presented within 4.5 hours of stroke onset to the hospital.
Conclusion: The majority (72%) of ischemic stroke patients reached the hospital facility within 4.5 hours of stroke onset. These patients can be benefited from thrombolysis leading to improved outcomes if available in that particular health facility.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7717
How to cite this: Badshah A, Haider I, Atif D, Taimoor M. Potential candidacy for thrombolysis among ischemic stroke patients presenting to Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7717
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Use of Upadacitinib in Refractory Esophageal Lichen Planus: Endoscopic Improvement in “Planus” Sight
Authors: Becker Erica C. , Mavilia-Scranton Marianna , Finch Justin , Yu Mingfu , Rezaizadeh Houman 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Although rarely reported, esophageal lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to debilitating symptoms. It is reported to affect adult women in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Treatment ranges from medical therapy to endoscopic dilation. Owing to underdiagnoses and limited data on therapies, little guidance is provided in the literature regarding treatment of refractory cases. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with esophageal lichen planus who had symptoms and lack of histological improvement despite being on budesonide and mycophenolate. She was then transitioned to upadacitinib 30 mg daily and had significant symptomatic and endoscopic improvement.
Ultrafiltration associated with microporous resin decolorizing the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth for the production of γ-polyglutamic acid
Authors: Yu Qianhui , Zhang Jinfeng , Cui Yanmin , Zhang Xiushan , Yang Shuning , Huang Xin , Li Tuoping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently, the industrial production of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) was mainly based on microbial fermentation, but the decolorization technology still needs to be improved. Therefore, in this study, the optimal decolorization conditions and efficiencies were investigated. As the result, D4006 was an ideal resin for the decolorization of γ-PGA fermentation broth. The optimal decolorization pH value and temperature were pH 3 and 40 °C, respectively; ultrafiltration differential pressure, temperature and time were 0.2 MPa, 40 °C, and 6 h, respectively. Moreover, the combination of D4006 (3 %) resin on the basis of ultrafiltration had a better decolorization effect on γ-PGA fermentation broth, and the decolorization rate reached 96.8 %.
A Lost Game of Bank Bargains: West Germany and International Banking Regulation between Bretton Woods and Basel I (1972–1988)
Authors: Kemmerer Matthias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Current theories of financial regulation suggest expanding rules-based formal state intervention to promote international banking stability. Such policy solutions should then be global in scope. This article instead argues that principles-based informal co- and self-regulation through domestic (gentlemen’s) agreements underpinned West German bank internationalisation until the 1980s. The analytic narrative approach allows the tracing of the social dynamics of the German politics of regulation, drawing on unused primary sources: Coalitions between the German regulating and regulated actors were bolstered by a liberal domestic framework and bespoke national policies. In contrast, regulatory harmonisation through international prudential standards came with high domestic adjustment costs for the German banking sector. Thus, domestic makeshift solutions to deal with and internalise cross-border financial risks proved most workable.
Risk Management, Expectations and Global Finance
Authors: Nützenadel Alexander 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What impact do past experiences have on the expectation formation of banks? This article analyses the risk management of Germany’s largest bank during the 1970 and 1980s. In this period, financial deregulation and globalization increased the likelihood of credit defaults and forced banks to implement new strategies of risk assessment. The Herstatt failure of 1974 triggered a series of new regulations, partly based on initiatives of the banks themselves. After the sovereign debt crisis of the 1980s, banks introduced a comprehensive strategy of country-risk assessment. They systematically professionalized their information resources and integrated risk and liability management. Economic forecasting was often based on historical data used for the classification and diversification of risks. However, learning from past experiences had limitations, as recent events were often overrated. This had the effect that the banks’ country risk assessment focused mainly on developing countries while the industrial world was not included in the schemes. This might explain why many banks have continually underestimated the financial risks present in developed countries since the 1990s.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity studies of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Erzurum Delal , Osmaniye Derya , Sağlık Begüm Nurpelin , Levent Serkan , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes are a common catalytic enzyme in many organisms. Vertebrates and invertebrates have different CA isoforms. Sixteen different isozymes of the α-CA isoform found in vertebrates have been identified so far. The main task of this enzyme is to catalyze the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions in the body. It is widely distributed in many organs and tissues. They are involved in important physiological processes such as pH and CO2 homeostasis, biosynthetic reactions such as gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ureagenesis, bone resorption, calcification, tumorigenicity, and electrolyte secretion. As a result of the literature research, it has been determined that the most effective inhibitor of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme is sulfonamides. The R group in the general molecular structure of R-SO2–NH2 generally consists of aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems. The sulfonamides interact strongly with the Zn2+ ions in the active site of the enzyme. In this study, 10 sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized. Analyses of the obtained compounds are evaluated by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The inhibition effect of the obtained compounds on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme was investigated by means of in vitro kit method. For the selected compounds, docking studies were performed and the enzyme active sites and binding points were determined. It was revealed that the strongest interaction with CA enzymes (CA-I, CA-II, CA-IX, CA-XII) active sites was observed with the compound 2e.
Вплив умісту імунологічних маркерів у внутрішньоочній рідині на прогресування вікової макулярної дегенерації після хірургічного лікування катаракти
Authors: Denisyuk O. , Mogilevskyy S. 
Published: November 2023

Актуальність. Катаракта часто поєднується з віковою макулярною дегенерацією, але досі є сумніви щодо впливу факоемульсифікації на прогресування вікової макулярної дегенерації. Мета дослідження: проаналізувати вплив вмісту імунологічних маркерів у внутрішньоочній рідині на прогресування вікової макулярної дегенерації після хірургічного лікування катаракти. Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням перебували 86 пацієнтів (93 ока) — 37 чоловіків і 49 жінок віком від 60 до 82 років, яким була проведена факоемульсифікація катаракти (ФЕК — імплантація м’якої інтраокулярної лінзи на апараті Infiniti фірми Alcon, USA). Оцінювали стадію вікової макулярної дегенерації (ВМД) за класифікацією Американської академії офтальмологів (AREDS, 2001). Обстежували пацієнтів через 1, 3, 6, 12 і 18 місяців після операції. Для статистичної обробки отриманих даних використовували програми Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) і MedCalc Statistical Software 18 (MedCalc Software bvba, Belgium). Результати. У 69,9 % очей із катарактою була наявна ВМД: рання і проміжна стадії (категорії 2 і 3 AREDS) були виявлені у 16,1 % випадків, пізня стадія (категорія 4.1 AREDS) — у 25,8 %, ексудативна форма (категорія 4.2 AREDS) — у 28,0 %. Гострота зору (ГЗ) до операції ФЕК відповідала стадії ВМД: була гіршою при категорії 4 AREDS. Для оцінки прогресування ВМД було розроблено індекс прогресування (ІПВМД), який характеризує середню швидкість змін клінічних проявів ВМД. З’ясовано, що у 12,9 % пацієнтів після ФЕК вперше встановлено діагноз ВМД; у цілому розвиток і прогресування ВМД після втручання відмічено у 33,3 % (ІПВМД > 0). Пацієнти без прогресування ВМД були на 6 років молодші за тих, хто мав прогресування (р = 0,001). При ІПВМД = 0,100 ум.од. прогресування ВМД відбувалося на ранніх термінах (3 місяці), при ІПВМД = 0,033 ум.од. — на пізніх (12 і 18 місяців). Після операції ФЕК ГЗ вірогідно збільшувалася, що залежало від початкової стадії ВМД (ГЗ була гіршою при пізній стадії та при вологій ВМД — категорія 4 AREDS) та прогресування ВМД (ГЗ була гіршою при ІПВМД > 0, а серед випадків прогресування — при ІПВМД = 0,033, тобто при пізньому прогресуванні). Висновки. Отримані результати обґрунтували необхідність проведення регресійного аналізу впливу вмісту імунологічних маркерів у внутрішньоочній рідині на прогресування ВМД після операції ФЕК на очах хворих на вікову катаракту. При однаковому пошкодженні (однаковий бал) випадки з подальшим прогресуванням ВМД відрізнялися вірогідно більшим початковим рівнем імуноглобулінових маркерів, особливо при максимальних значеннях бала за 25БШ. Це, можливо, пов’язано із впливом реактивності імунних маркерів на патогенез прогресування ВМД, що більшою мірою проявлялося при максимальному інтраопераційному пошкодженні.
Зв’язок розвитку макулярного набряку при діабетичній ретинопатії і цукровому діабеті 2-го типу з вмістом у крові Р-селектину
Authors: Rykov S.O. , Chugaev D.I. 
Published: November 2023

Актуальність. При діабетичній ретинопатії (ДР), що ускладнена діабетичним макулярним набряком (ДМН) за умов цукрового діабету 2-го типу (ЦД2), встановлено важливе значення запальних і протромбогенних змін, серед яких найбільше значення мають посилення експресії молекул ендотеліальної адгезії, у тому числі P-селектину. Мета дослідження: встановити зв’язок розвитку ДМН при ДР різного ступеня та ЦД2 з вмістом у крові Р-селектину. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження включало 124 пацієнти (124 ока) із ЦД 2-го типу, у яких за класифікацією ETDRS виявлена легка (29 очей, 1-ша група), помірна або тяжка (35 очей, 2-га група) непроліферативна ДР та проліферативна ДР (31 око, 3-тя група); контрольну групу становили 29 очей без ЦД. Всім пацієнтам були виконані загальноприйняті офтальмологічні дослідження, спектрально-доменна оптична когерентна томографія (ОКТ) з визначенням центральної товщини сітківки (ЦТС, мкм). ДМН встановлювали при збільшенні ЦТС вище від значень нормативної бази даних по полях ETDRS програмного забезпечення спектрально-доменної ОКT. Вміст Р-селектину у крові визначали імуноферментним методом (Invitrogen ThermoFisher Scientific, USA). Для статистичних досліджень використано програмні пакети MedStat і MedCalc v.15.1 (MedCalc Software bvba). Результати. Вміст у крові Р-селектину при ДР та ЦД2 був вірогідно збільшеним порівняно з контролем (у 1,3 раза; p < 0,001), що при розподілі за стадіями зберігалося тільки для проліферативної ДР. Збільшення вмісту Р-селектину прямо корелювало з рівнем глікованого гемоглобіну та ЦТС. Тільки у пацієнтів з проліферативною ДР вміст Р-селектину за наявності ДМН був вищим, ніж без такого (у 1,2 раза; p < 0,001). При непроліферативній ДР вміст Р-селектину за наявності або відсутності ДМН не відрізнявся. Зв’язок збільшення вмісту Р-селектину з розвитком ДМН було підтверджено у регресійному аналізі (ВШ = 1,02; 95% ВІ 1,01–1,03). ROC-аналіз показав, що ця модель мала задовільні критерії тільки при проліферативній ДР (AUC = 0,85; 95% ВІ 0,68–0,95), що дозволило розрахувати межовий рівень прогнозу, який дорівнював 128,7 нг/мл (чутливість тесту 77,8 % і специфічність 69,2 %). Висновки. Результати дослідження підтвердили зв’язок між збільшенням у крові Р-селектину та розвитком ДМН при проліферативній ДР.
Canada’s Accession to ASEAN’s Treaty of Amity: Cooperation and Diplomatic Presence in Southeast Asia
Authors: Williams Mark Stephen , Haynes Selina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract This article examines Canada’s accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As one of only a select group of 10 countries from outside of Southeast Asia that is a Dialogue Partner with ASEAN, Canada has gained important diplomatic and market presence in the Indo-Pacific. Furthermore, Canada’s national interests are advanced through the accession to TAC by supporting a rules-based system of regional order. The foundations of ASEAN—based on sovereignty, consensus, and the process of informality—make the “ASEAN Way” frustrating to proponents of an “independent” and “activist” foreign policy for Canada, especially as human rights abuses have unfolded in the region and the state of democracy remains a mixed record. However, Canada’s only method for securing economic interests, and just as critically, to promote a rules-based international order for the Indo-Pacific that is not dominated by China, is to participate with ASEAN as a TAC signatory.RésuméCet article examine l'adhésion du Canada au Traité d'amitié et de coopération (TAC) avec l'Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-est (ANASE). En tant que l'un des seuls groupes restreints parmi dix pays de l'extérieur de l'Asie du Sud-est à être un partenaire de dialogue avec l'ASEAN, le Canada a acquis une présence diplomatique et commerciale importante dans l'Indopacifique. De plus, les intérêts nationaux du Canada sont favorisés par l'adhésion à l'ATC en soutenant un système d'ordre régional fondé sur des règles. Les fondements de l’ANASE, la souveraineté, le consensus et le processus de l'informalité, rendent la « voie de l'ANASE » frustrante pour les partisans d'une politique étrangère « indépendante » et « activiste » pour le Canada, d'autant plus que des violations des droits de la personne se sont produites dans la région. Et l'état de la démocratie reste un bilan mitigé. Cependant, la seule méthode du Canada pour sécuriser les intérêts économiques, et tout aussi critique, pour promouvoir un ordre international fondé sur des règles pour l'Indopacifique qui n'est pas dominé par la Chine, est de participer avec l'ASEAN en tant que signataire du TAC.Keywords: Canadian Foreign Policy; ASEAN; Southeast AsiaMots-clés : Politique étrangère canadienne ; ASEAN ; Asie du sud est
Theory and model optimisation of rural creative economy development in less developed regions based on endogenous growth model
Authors: Wang Xiaona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By constructing an endogenous growth model, this paper reveals the inner path of its development based on the rural cultural and creative economy. Secondly, by rationally allocating social resources and combining physical capital and cultural and creative capital, the inter-period optimization of consumption utility can be realized to the greatest extent. Finally, the endogenous economic growth model analyzes the economic effects of GDP and the H-village cultural creative tourism model in Guizhou Province. The results show that the correlation coefficient of the endogenous growth model of rural cultural creativity and economic development is R=0.979. The goodness of fit is R
2
= 0.967, and the adjusted goodness of fit is R
2 = 0.983, which indicates that the degree of proximity of the fitted equations to reality is extremely high. This paper provides the theoretical basis and practical guidance for developing a rural cultural and creative economy, which is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the regional economy.
Exploring the Construction of College Think Tank and Cultivation of Innovative Talents Based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Ma Song 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper combines the nine-factor model with the construction of university think tanks, establishes the strategic positioning of university think tanks, analyzes the methods and measures of cultivating leading talents and innovative talents in university think tanks and classifies the influence of university think tanks into decision-making influence, elite influence and popular influence. Based on the analysis of big data and concerning the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method, the evaluation model of information service quality of university think tanks has been established. The evaluation indexes of the information platform of university think tanks are divided into four indexes: service resources, service content, webpage technology, and service effect. According to the constructed evaluation indexes, two-by-two comparisons are made between each index to obtain the score of the importance of each index. Based on fuzzy mathematics, the qualitative evaluation can be transformed into quantitative evaluation according to the principle of affiliation degree to arrive at the evaluation grade of the information platform capacity of university think tanks and innovative talents.
Evaluation elements of regional balanced development of compulsory education combined with the deviation-maximisation approach
Authors: Yang Fangling , Ni Meiying , Liu Mei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper constructs an algorithm-based evaluation model of compulsory education that combines the deviation maximization method to promote the balanced development of regional compulsory education. We determine if deviation maximization applies to evaluating the balanced development of compulsory education by analyzing its application scope. The evaluation objects are ranked when combined with the combination assignment method. The regional evaluation system for the balanced development of compulsory education uses the algorithm and evaluation problem description method. YaaHP software calculates each index’s final weight results to evaluate the balanced development of compulsory education. According to the results, the first-level indicators of evaluating balanced development of compulsory education have weights of 0.363799, 0.204804, 0.339897 and 0.091510, respectively. This study provides effective reference data for the development of compulsory regional education.
Exploration of ecological environment construction and development paths in towns and cities by applying time series data
Authors: Liu Lan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the interaction mechanism between urbanization and the ecological environment based on the unique correlation between urbanization and the ecological environment. BISE and Savizky-Golay algorithms are combined to establish the time series data, and for the characteristic curves of the EVI time response of the land cover, the spectral angle mapping method is combined with the minimum distance method to form the spectral angle-minimum distance classification method. The application of time series data involves calculating the time and spatial change of urban land cover and analyzing the evolution of urban ecological environment elements. Based on the temporal and spatial consistency test and land cover analysis of urban ecological environment construction, as well as the development of urbanization construction, relevant development paths are proposed. The comprehensive score of new urbanization in the four districts and one city of Hengyang City is concentrated towards 1.6, indicating that the level of economic development and the construction of new urbanization have reached coupling at different levels, respectively.
Research and Application of Urban 3D Modeling Technology in Virtual Reality Scenes
Authors: Ji Hongfang , Bao Runbiao , Zhang Yimiao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an automatic building extraction process based on MVS point clouds is proposed to automatically extract building point clouds from urban MVS dense point clouds of complex scenes by projection, morphological expansion and contour extraction techniques. Aiming at the deficiency of Poisson surface reconstruction, this paper proposes a surface model optimization method based on RANSAC fast fitting. The method generates the optimized surface model through the filter denoising process and chunked RANSAC fast fitting. Finally, a workflow for the 3D reconstruction of urban buildings based on the MVS point cloud is proposed. In the analysis for the urban 3D modeling technique, the average error of the model after reconstruction is only 0.731%, and the measurement errors in the three-dimensional directions of length, width, and height are less than 5 cm. and the time consumed before and after the optimized method in this paper is reduced by an average of 3.09 s. Therefore, this study provides a simple and efficient method for the automatic extraction and 3D reconstruction of urban buildings.