bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depolarization evokes different patterns of calcium signals and exocytosis in bovine and mouse chromaffin cells: the role of mitochondria
Authors: Alés E. , Fuentealba J. , García A. G. , López M. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis study was planned on the assumptions that different high‐voltage activated calcium channels and/or the ability of mitochondria to take up Ca2+ could be responsible for different cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]c) and catecholamine release responses in adrenal chromaffin cells of bovine and mouse species. Short K+ pulses (2–5 s, 70 mm K+) increased [Ca2+]c to a peak of about 1 µm; however, in bovine cells the decline was slower than in mouse cells. Secretory responses were faster in mouse but were otherwise quantitatively similar. Upon longer K+ applications (1 min), elevations of [Ca2+]c and secretion were prolonged in bovine cells; in contrast [Ca2+]c in mouse cells declined three‐fold faster and failed to sustain a continued secretion. Confocal [Ca2+]c imaging following a 50‐ms depolarizing pulse showed a similar Ca2+ entry, but a rate of [Ca2+]c increase and a maximum peak significantly higher in bovine cells; the rate of dissipation of the Ca2+ wave was faster in the mouse. The mitochondrial protonophore CCCP (2 µm) halved the K+‐evoked [Ca2+]c and secretory signals in mouse cells, but had little affect on bovine responses. We conclude that the relative densities of L (15% in bovine and 50% in mouse) and P/Q Ca2+ channels (50% in bovine and 15% in mouse) do not contribute to the observed differences; rather, the different intracellular distribution of Ca2+, which is strongly influenced by mitochondria, is responsible for a more sustained secretory response in bovine, and for a faster and more transient secretory response in mouse chromaffin cells. It seems that mitochondria near the plasmalemma sequester Ca2+ more rapidly and efficiently in the mouse than in the bovine chromaffin cell.
A recombinant multimeric immunoglobulin expressed in rice shows assembly‐dependent subcellular localization in endosperm cells
Authors: Nicholson Liz , Gonzalez‐Melendi Pablo , Van Dolleweerd Craig , Tuck Heidi , Perrin Yolande , Ma Julian K.‐C. , Fischer Rainer , Christou Paul , Stoger Eva 
Published: January 2005

SummaryTo investigate the role of subunit assembly in the intracellular deposition of multimeric recombinant proteins, we expressed a partially humanized secretory immunoglobulin in rice endosperm cells and determined the subcellular locations of the assembled protein and its individual components. Transgenic rice plants expressing either individual subunits or all the subunits of the antibody were generated by particle bombardment, and protein localization was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. Assembly of the antibody was confirmed by immunoassay and coimmunoprecipitation. Immunolocalization experiments showed no evidence for secretion of the antibody or any of its components to the apoplast. Rather, the nonassembled light chain, heavy chain and secretory component accumulated predominantly within endoplasmic reticulum‐derived protein bodies, while the assembled antibody, with antigen‐binding function, accumulated specifically in protein storage vacuoles. These results show that the destination of a complex recombinant protein within the plant cell is influenced by its state of assembly.
A physiological overview of the genetics of flowering time control
Authors: Bernier Georges , Périlleux Claire 
Published: January 2005

SummaryPhysiological studies on flowering time control have shown that plants integrate several environmental signals. Predictable factors, such as day length and vernalization, are regarded as ‘primary’, but clearly interfere with, or can even be substituted by, less predictable factors. All plant parts participate in the sensing of these interacting factors. In the case of floral induction by photoperiod, long‐distance signalling is known to occur between the leaves and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) via the phloem. In the long‐day plant, Sinapis alba, this long‐distance signalling has also been shown to involve the root system and to include sucrose, nitrate, glutamine and cytokinins, but not gibberellins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a number of genetic pathways controlling flowering time have been identified. Models now extend beyond ‘primary’ controlling factors and show an ever‐increasing number of cross‐talks between pathways triggered or influenced by various environmental factors and hormones (mainly gibberellins). Most of the genes involved are preferentially expressed in meristems (the SAM and the root tip), but, surprisingly, only a few are expressed preferentially or exclusively in leaves. However, long‐distance signalling from leaves to SAM has been shown to occur in Arabidopsis during the induction of flowering by long days. In this review, we propose a model integrating physiological data and genes activated by the photoperiodic pathway controlling flowering time in early‐flowering accessions of Arabidopsis. This model involves metabolites, hormones and gene products interacting as long‐ or short‐distance signalling molecules.
Risk factors of parents abused as children: a mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part I)
Authors: Dixon Louise , Browne Kevin , Hamilton‐Giachritsis Catherine 
Published: January 2005

Background:  This study provides an exploration of factors implicated in the intergenerational cycle of child maltreatment. Families with newborns where at least one of the parents was physically and/or sexually abused as a child (AP families) were compared in terms of risk factors to families where the parents had no childhood history of victimisation (NAP families). The mediational properties of risk factors in the intergenerational cycle of maltreatment were then explored.Methods:  Information was collected by community nurses as a part of the ‘health visiting’ service. Data was collated across 4351 families, of which 135 (3.1%) had a parent who self‐reported a history of abuse in childhood. The health visitor visited each family at home when the child was 4 to 6 weeks of age to assess the presence of risk factors.Results:  Within 13 months after birth, 9 (6.7%) AP families were referred for maltreating their own child in comparison to 18 (.4%) NAP families. Assessments found a significantly higher number of risk factors for AP families. Mediational analysis demonstrated that the presence of three significant risk factors (parenting under 21 years, history of mental illness or depression, residing with a violent adult) provided partial mediation of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment, explaining 53% of the total effect.Conclusion:  Prevention may be possible, once a history of parental childhood abuse has been identified, by offering services in priority to those families where a parent is under 21 years, has a history of mental illness/depression and/or there is a violent adult residing in the household. However, it must also be acknowledged that these factors do not provide a full causal account of the intergenerational transmission and consideration should be given to additional factors, such as parenting styles (see Part II of this mediational model, ).
Attributions and behaviours of parents abused as children: a mediational analysis of the intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (Part II)
Authors: Dixon Louise , Hamilton‐Giachritsis Catherine , Browne Kevin 
Published: January 2005

Background:  This study extends previous research () by exploring the mediational properties of parenting styles and their relation to risk factors in the intergenerational cycle of child maltreatment. Families with newborns where at least one of the parents was physically and/or sexually abused as a child (AP families) were compared, in terms of parents’ attributions and behaviour, to families where the parents had no childhood history of victimisation (NAP families).Methods:  Information was collected from 4351 families (135 AP families) by community nurses as part of the ‘health visiting’ service. The same health visitor visited each family twice at home when the child was 4 to 6 weeks and 3 to 5 months of age, to assess behavioural indicators of positive parenting.Results:  Within 13 months after birth, 9 (6.7%) AP families were referred for maltreating their own child in comparison to 18 (.4%) NAP families. Assessments found a significantly higher number of risk factors and measures indicating poor parenting for AP families. Mediational analysis found that intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment was explained to a larger extent (62% of the total effect) by the presence of poor parenting styles together with the three significant risk factors (parenting under 21 years, history of mental illness or depression, residing with a violent adult). The three risk factors alone were less explanatory (53% of the total effect).Conclusion:  This study provides an explanation for why a minority of parents abused in childhood go on to maltreat their own infant, evidencing poor parenting styles and mediating risk factors. Hence, prevention may be enhanced in AP families by the promotion of ‘positive parenting’ in addition to providing additional support to young parents, tackling mental illness/depression and domestic violence problems.
Commentary hallucination in the elderly: three case reports
Authors: KOBAYASHI Toshiyuki , KATO Satoshi , OSAWA Takuro , SHIODA Katsutoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThree elderly females with commentary hallucinations are presented. Here, the term ‘commentary hallucination’ is used as a comprehensive term describing a condition where the subject hears voices that comment on, command, or describe the subject's actions or behavior. According to the DSM‐IV, the three cases presented here met the criteria for a psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, a schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia, respectively. All three cases showed no evidence of abnormalities when examined using neuroimaging techniques but might have had some senile brain changes that were under the threshold of the neuroimaging studies. Although the commentary hallucinations in the three patients were not distinctively different from the hallucinations that are characteristic of schizophrenia, the subjects were able to keep some distance from the hallucinations; in other words, the hallucinations were not ego‐invasive. The commentary hallucinations in the present patients might be explained as resulting from exhaustion caused by stressful life events, subtle senile organic brain changes, and a subsequent decline in psychological tension. These hallucinations may have originated from the pathological appearance of a background‐inner speech accompanying the patients’ behavior.
White matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in late‐life depression
Authors: OH Byoung Hoon , CHEON Jin Sook 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectives: The aims of the present study were to identify the frequency and severity of white matter lesions on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of major depressive disorders and depression caused by cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), to evaluate the relation with cerebrovascular risk factors, and finally to understand an important cause of late‐life depression.Methods: The MRI films of 32 patients over 50 years of age (15 men and 17 women) with major depressive disorders, 25 patients (17 men and eight women) with depression caused by CVD who had scores over 24 on the mini‐mental state examination, and 25 controls (six men and 19 women) were analyzed for white matter lesions according to the modified Fazekas criteria. The cerebrovascular risk factors including hypertension, arteriosclerosis, obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, thyroid function abnormalities, EKG abnormality and stroke were also assessed.Results: (i) The frequency of periventricular lesions or deep white matter lesions were significantly higher in patients with depression caused by CVD and major depressive disorders than in controls; (ii) the intracerebral hyperintensities or classical infarctions were prevalent in the frontal cortex (32.0%) and basal ganglia (40.0%); (iii) among cerebrovascular risk factors, stroke (P < 0.005), hypertension (P < 0.025), EKG abnormality (P < 0.005) and smoking (P < 0.05) were significantly prevalent in the patients with depression caused by CVD and major depressive disorders as compared with controls; and (iv) the severity of white matter lesions was significantly associated with the cerebrovascular risk factors (P < 0.005) in patients over 50 years of age with major depressive disorders.Conclusions: The white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI of patients with major depressive disorders over 50 years of age were significantly associated with cerebrovascular risk factors, which suggested a vascular origin of pathogenesis of late‐life depression.
Clinical usefulness of cognitive evoked potentials to assess cognitive deficits in cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: CHEON Jin Sook , CHUNG Heung Chae , OH Byoung Hoon 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical applicability and usefulness of cognitive evoked potentials (CEP) to identify a cognitive deficit in patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD).Methods: The P3 latencies, amplitudes and latency to amplitude ratios (LAR) of CEP were measured in 25 healthy control subjects and 35 inpatients with CVD. The association of CEP with variables including age, sex, mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score, CVD types, loci of hemiplegic limbs, duration, education, brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and daily living function assessment (DLFA) was also analyzed.Results: (i) The P3 latencies (447.87 ± 113.06 msec) and LAR (65.83 ± 43.25) were prolonged in CVD (P < 0.05), while the amplitudes (8.18 ± 2.51 µV ) were not changed; (ii) the P3 latencies (537.31 ± 101.14msec) and LAR (94.89 ± 46.44 in CVD with a MMSE score <24 were prolonged, and the amplitudes (6.45 ± 1.98 µV ) were reduced (P < 0.05, respectively); (iii) the BPRS, IADL and DLFA in CVD with a MMSE score <24 were different from MMSE ≥24 (P < 0.05); (iv) there was no difference in CEP between CVD caused by infaction and hemorrhage; (v) the P3 latencies were correlated positively with age, BPRS and IADL, while negatively with MMSE and DLFA. The amplitudes were correlated positively with MMSE and DLFA, while negatively with age, BPRS and IADL. The LAR were correlated positively with age, BPRS and IADL, while negatively with MMSE and DLFA; and (vi) on analyzing association of CEP with variables in CVD with MMSE <24, the P3 latencies were correlated positively with BPRS and DLFA, while negatively with MMSE and DLFA. The amplitudes were positively correlated with age. The LAR were positively correlated with IADL.Conclusions: The P3 latencies and LAR of CEP seemed to be useful clinical measures to assess cognitive disorders in CVD as well as in vascular dementia.
Initial Brazilian experience with short‐duration in‐center daily hemodialysis
Authors: Lugon Jocemir R. , Andre Mauro B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe whole initial Brazilian experience with short‐duration in‐center daily hemodialysis is summarized here. The study was performed at a time when low‐flux membrane and nonproportional dialysis represented the standard dialysis treatment in Brazil. Five patients were treated for 2 years. The subject is developed in a way to narrate the efforts to set the research project and summarize the findings, meeting presentations, and publications that derived from the project. At the end of the study, the main benefits observed consisted of alleviation of the end‐stage renal disease anemia; reduction of the frequency of complications during dialysis sessions; a lower degree of azotemia; easier blood pressure control; and improvements in acid‐base status, mineral metabolism and bone disease, nutrition, and quality of life.
Early hospital readmission was less likely for hemodialysis patients from facilities with longer median length of stay in the DOPPS study
Authors: Tadaki Futoshi , Inagaki Miho , Miyamoto Yoshiyasu , Tanaka Shin‐Iti , Tanaka Reika , Kakuta Takatoshi , Saito Akira 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe length of hospital stay is considered to influence hospital readmission in general. The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), an international prospective observational study undertaken to establish a relationship between facility practices and dialysis outcomes, started in 1996. Results suggest that the duration of hospital stay is significantly correlated with the probability of early readmission in dialysis patients. Thus, early hospital readmission was observed to be less likely for hemodialysis patients from facilities with longer median length of stay. The lengths of hospital stay for hemodialysis patients differed in the three continents studied. Although socioeconomic pressures may drive the lengths of hospital stay, the duration of hospitalization should be determined keeping in mind the safety of clinical course for each disease. In this forum, a 47‐year‐old female hemodialysis patient with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, who had been treated with hemodialysis for 21 years, was hospitalized with severe clinical symptoms. Although the clinical symptoms disappeared 10 days after total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantion, severe hypocalcemia persisted despite large amounts of intravenous calcium gluconate. This patient was hospitalized for a long duration owing to the large calcium deficit in her body. Had the length of her hospital stay been shortened, either she could have needed rehospitalization or her condition could have worsened.
Access  High output heart failure in patients with upper arm A‐V fistulae: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Amerling R. , Malostovker I. , Dubrow A. , Rosero H. , Haveson S. 
Published: January 2005

Purpose:
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred blood access for hemodialysis due to its longevity and resistance to infection. Little attention is given to the long‐term hemodynamic consequences of large left‐to‐right shunts, particularly in patients with brachial artery fistulae. Materials and Methods: We describe 9 patients (8 on dialysis, 1 post‐transplant), aged 25–73, who developed clinical heart failure, primarily due to large, upper arm AVFs. Results: 4/9 had access flows in excess of 2 liters/min, assessed by blood temperature monitoring. 6/9 had cardiac output measured by right heart catheterization, before and after shunt compression. One also underwent left heart catheterization with ventriculography. 3/9 had surgical reduction of the fistula, either by banding or by serial interposition of small caliber GoreTex graft. In 2/9 the shunt was ligated. One patient had heart failure in association with 2 large, upper arm AVFs, one of which was ligated. After years of improved cardiac symptoms, heart failure recurred in association with marked hypertrophy of his remaining AVF. Resting cardiac output in this patient was in excess of 11 liters/min. 2/9 experienced acute onset of heart failure within 1–3 days of angioplasty of a venous stenosis. One of these, with very poor baseline cardiac function, expired. Surgical revision or ligation was accompanied by clinical improvement in the 5 patients so treated. One of these expired of a stroke after two months of cardiac improvement. Conclusion: High output heart failure is under‐diagnosed in dialysis patients. Patients with large upper arm shunts are particularly at risk. Access flow should be assessed regularly and those with outputs >1.5 liters/min should be monitored closely for development of heart failure. Surgical correction is beneficial and indicated in symptomatic patients.

Patient number
Age/Sex
Access type
Years with access
Flow (liters/min)
Change CO (liters/min)
Rx
Outcome

1
37/M
AVF
8
>2
1.7
Reduction
Improved

2
26/M
AVF
5
>2
2.4
Band
Improved

3
73/M
AVF
3
>2
1.5
Reduction
Improved

4
45/M
AVF
10
n/a
3.2
Reduction
Improved

5
65/M
AVF
4
>2
2.8
Band
Improved

6
57/F
AVG
4
1.2
1.8

7
39/F
AVF
2
n/a
n/a
Ligate
Improved

8
66/M
AVG
0.3
0.7
n/a
Ligate
Improved

9
69/F
AVF
0.25
n/a
n/a

Expired
A study of 8 hour long night dialysis with the Aksys PHD dialysis system
Authors: Kjellstrand C. , Blagg C.R. , Ing T.S. , Young B. 
Published: January 2005

The Aksys PHD system is designed for short quotidian dialysis employing a 52‐liter batch of ultrapure dialysate and up to 30 in situ hot water reuses of the entire extracorporeal circuit including a 40‐liter physical cleaning before each dialysis. Methods: We studied the effect of the 52‐liter tank during 108 long 5–8 hour dialysis 3.5–6 times/week in 5 patients and one 50‐liter patient simulator for 4 weeks. Phosphate (PO4), beta‐2 microglobulin (b‐2), urea (BUN), and creatinine (creat) were measured pre‐, during, and post‐dialysis 86 times and in total dialysate 74 times during long dialysis. Tank saturation, Kt/V, and monthly chemistries were also measured. Results:  Patient weight 76 ± 2 kg, QB 234 ± 23 ml/min, QD 498 ± 13 ml/min. Dialysate was recirculated 4.8 times during 8 hours.

Analyte
Short
Long dialysis
p

Pre‐BUN
70 ± 18
49 ± 15
<0.0001

Pre‐creat
12 ± 3
10 ± 2
<0.0002

Pre‐PO4
5.2 ± 1.5
4.1 ± 1.1
<0.003

Pre‐b‐2
34.0 ± 5.3
27.8 ± 4.5
<0.0001

All patients on 8 hrs × 5 dialyses/week stopped phosphate binders within 3 weeks. eKt/V(urea) rose to 0.5 in one hour and then slowly to 0.8 at 8 hours.

Weekly stdKt/V:

Dialyses/week/Hrs:
2
5
8

5
2.2
2.7
3.0

6
2.7
3.4
3.6

7
3.1
3.8
4.4

At 8 hrs the tank was 99 ± 8% saturated with BUN, 86 ± 12% with creat, 77 ± 18% with PO4, and only 12 ± 5% with b‐2. Total removal per dialysis increased 2 gm BUN, 0.4 gm creat, 0.4 gm PO4, and 40 mg b‐2. The decline per reuse in conductivity clearance was only 0.7 ± 1.2% during short and 1.4 ± 1.4% during long dialysis (p = 0.11). There was no change in monthly chemistries or hematologies.
Discussion:
The data show that the Aksys PHD is very effective for long 8‐hour dialysis. The data for PO4 and b‐2 are the same as reported for conventional dialysis machines using 5 times as much dialysate, and the weekly stdKt/V if the PHD is used every night is twice the standard defined by K/DOQI. The exceptional cleanliness and biocompatibility by way of the one‐per‐month reuse should be a great advantage to patients. The full automatization saves the patient one hour every night and 30 minutes every morning. The PHD also economizes on filters and dialysate and is good for the environment.