bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total tympanic membrane reconstruction: AlloDerm versus temporalis fascia
Authors: Fishman Andrew J. , Marrinan Michelle S. , Huang Tina C. , Kanowitz Seth J. 
Published: June 2005

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEPatients who require surgery for chronic otitis media with perforation and cholesteatoma frequently provide no residual tympanic membrane that is usable in grafting procedures. A novel technique of total tympanic membrane reconstruction (TTMR) is described that maximizes perforation closure rate in these situations while minimizing mucosalization, incomplete healing, and anterior blunting. The specific aim of this report is to assess the safety and efficacy of TTMR and to compare the results obtained with AlloDerm compared with temporalis fascia as a grafting material.METHODSThe records of 50 patients operated within the years 1999 and the 2004 were reviewed. TTMR with intact canal wall was performed in all cases. Both clinical and audiometric data were analyzed.RESULTSOverall perforation closure rate was 92%. There was no statistical significance in closure rate when grafting with AlloDerm versus temporalis fascia. A statistically significant shortened healing time was observed with AlloDerm grafting.CONCLUSIONSTTMR is a highly effective and safe technique.
Treatment results on advanced neck metastasis (N3) from head and neck squamous carcinoma
Authors: Carvalho André l. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Agra Ivan M. G. , Pontes Everton , Campos Olimpio D. , Pellizzon Antonio Cássio A. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo analyze the long‐term results of patients with N3 neck metastasis from squamous carcinoma of the head and neck.STUDY DESIGNThis study is based on the analysis of a retrospective cohort of 224 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and lymph node metastasis sized greater than 6 cm (N3) who were evaluated from 1981 to 1996.RESULTSFifty‐four patients (24.1%) underwent neck dissection, 137 underwent radiotherapy alone (61.2%), and 33 received only supportive care (14.7%). Control of the neck metastasis was achieved in 46 cases among the treated ones (24.1%), varying from 51.9% for the patients who underwent surgery to 13.1% for radiotherapy alone (P >0.001). Exclusive distant metastasis occurred in 37.0% of the cases who had control of the neck disease. The 3‐year overall survival rates were 17.9% for patients who underwent surgery and 7.0% for radiotherapy alone (P = 0.003). The multivariate analysis showed as independent predictive factors the treatment approach (P >0.001) and tumor site (P = 0.016).CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms the poor prognosis of patients with N3 neck disease, mainly when treated by radiotherapy alone. A radical neck dissection associated with adjuvant radiotherapy is indicated whenever feasible. Because of the high rate of distant metastasis, protocols including adjuvant chemotherapy should be investigated.
Pattern of regional metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Barzilai Geva , Greenberg Elhanan , Cohen‐Kerem Raanan , Doweck Ilana 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo assess the pattern of regional metastases from SCC of the skin of the head and neck as a prognostic factor.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective chart review of 22 patients treated in a tertiary academic center.RESULTSMetastases could be assessed clinically in the parotid gland and the neck in 50% and 59% of the patients, respectively. Histologic examination showed metastases in the parotid gland and the neck in 68% and 45.5%, respectively. Occult disease was 36% and 20% in the parotid gland and neck, respectively. The 1st echelon for metastasis was the parotid gland lymph nodes, whereas level II lymph nodes were the 1st echelon in the neck. Metastases to both the parotid gland and neck decreased the overall survival to 0, compared with 60% for metastases to the parotid gland and 100% for the neck.CONCLUSIONSSCC of the skin of the head and neck with regional metastases has a high incidence of occult metastases in the parotid gland and the neck. Patients with metastases in both sites have a poor prognosis.
Prognostic significance of stromal eosinophilic infiltration in cancer of the larynx
Authors: Ercan ÇBrahim , Çakir Burak , Baçak Tülay , Özdemir Tuncay , Sayin Árahim , Turgut Suat 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo investigate prevalence and possible role of tumor‐associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) as a prognostic factor in laryngeal squamous cell cancer.STUDY DESIGNProspective case series.METHODSSeventy‐eight consecutive patients with diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and who were treated surgically in our center were evaluated. The possible role of TATE as a prognostic factor in laryngeal squamous cell cancer was investigated with respect to tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, perineural and vascular invasion (histopathological parameters), and neck metastasis (clinical parameter). The relation between presence of TATE and age was also examined.RESULTSTATE was positive in the tumors of 32% of the patients, including low grade, 20 (26%); medium grade, 4 (5%); and high grade, 1 (1%). The relationships between TATE and tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, vascular invasion, pathologic N stage, and depth of invasion were not statistically significant (P>0.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis (r= −0.383,P= 0.001), there is a negative correlation between TATE and age. Ages of TATE‐positive patients tend to be clustered in the 5th and 6th decades of life, whereas the TATE‐negative patients’ ages tend to be clustered in the 6th and 7th decades.CONCLUSIONSTATE has no correlation with prognostic parameters in laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Presence of TATE is highly correlated with age. Incidence of TATE is very low over the age of 60 years, and this may suggest that age influences the tissue inflammatory response to tumor. Further investigation is needed to explain the associations of TATE and age and also the host response to malignancy.
Thyroid nodules: Evaluation with power Doppler and duplex Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Chammas Maria Cristina , Gerhard Renê , Oliveira Ilka Regina Souza De , Widman Azzo , Barros Nestor De , Durazzo Marcelo , Ferraz Alberto , Cerri Giovanni Guido 
Published: June 2005

This study purposes a new classification of thyroid nodules blood flow by power duplex Doppler ultrasound. A total of 177 nodules were studied with B‐mode scanning, power Doppler, and spectral analysis. These data were compared with cytological results from ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. The power Doppler analysis of the nodules produced 5 vascular patterns: I, absence of signal blood flow; II, exclusively perinodular blood flow; III, perinodular > central blood flow; IV, central blood flow > perinodular blood flow; V, exclusively central blood flow. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between these vascular patterns and cytological results. The spectral analysis demonstrated that the resistance index were higher in nodules with malignant versus other cytology (P >0.001). The results indicate that power duplex Doppler facilitates screening of thyroid nodules at high risk for malignancy with elevated sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (88%).
Evaluation of botulinum toxin A in treatment of tinnitus
Authors: Stidham Katrina R. , Solomon Perry H. , Roberson Joseph B. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential benefit of botulinum toxin A in treatment of tinnitus with a prospective, double‐blinded study design.STUDY DESIGNDouble‐blinded, prospective clinical study.METHODSThirty patients with tinnitus were randomly placed into 1 of 2 treatment arms. Patients either received botulinum toxin A (20 to 50 units) or saline injection at the first treatment, and the opposite treatment 4 months later. Prospective data including tinnitus matching test, tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), tinnitus rating scale (TRS), and patient questionnaires were obtained over a 4‐month period after each injection.RESULTSTwenty‐six patients completed both injections and follow‐up and were included in data analysis. After botulinum toxin A, subjective tinnitus changes included 7 patients improved, 3 worsened, and 16 unchanged. Following placebo, 2 patients were improved, 7 worsened, and 17 unchanged. Comparison of the treatment and placebo groups was statistically significant (P >0.005) when including better, worse, and same effects. A significant decrease in THI scores between pretreatment and 4 month postbotulinum toxin A injection (P = 0.0422) was recorded. None of the other comparisons of pretreatment to 1 month, or pretreatment to 4 months were significantly different.CONCLUSIONSThis small study found improvement in THI scores and patient subjective results after botulinum toxin A injection compared with placebo, suggesting a possible benefit of botulinum toxin A in tinnitus management. Larger studies need to be completed to further evaluate potential benefits of botulinum toxin A in treatment of this difficult problem.
Implementation of duty hour standards in otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery residency training
Authors: Kupferman Todd A. , Lian Tim S. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo determine what impact, if any, of the recently implemented duty hour standards have had on otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery residency programs from the perspective of program directors. We hypothesized that the implementation of resident duty hour limitations have caused changes in otolaryngology training programs in the United States.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGInformation was collected via survey in a prospective, blinded fashion from program directors of otolaryngology‐head and neck residency training programs in the United States.RESULTSOverall, limitation of resident duty hours is not an improvement in otolaryngology‐head and neck residency training according to 77% of the respondents. The limitations on duty hours have caused changes in the resident work schedules in 71% of the programs responding. Approximately half of the residents have a favorable impression of the work hour changes. Thirty‐two percent of the respondents indicate that changes to otolaryngology support staff were required, and of those many hired physician assistants. Eighty‐four percent of the respondents did not believe that the limitations on resident duty hours improved patient care, and 81% believed that it has negatively impacted resident training experience. Forty‐five percent of the program directors felt that otolaryngology‐head and neck faculty were forced to increase their work loads to accommodate the decrease in the time that residents were allowed to be involved in clinical activities. Fifty‐four percent of the programs changed from in‐hospital to home call to accommodate the duty hour restrictions.CONCLUSIONSAccording to the majority of otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery program directors who responded to the survey, the limitations on resident duty hours imposed by the ACGME are not an improvement in residency training, do not improve patient care, and have decreased the training experience of residents.SIGNIFICANCEThis study demonstrates that multiple changes have been made to otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery training programs because of work hour limitations set forth by the ACGME.
Pediatric dermoid cysts of the head and neck
Authors: Pryor Shepherd G. , Lewis Jean E. , Weaver Amy L. , Orvidas Laura J. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo review the characteristics and determine treatment outcomes of pediatric dermoid cysts.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective review of the presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of all pediatric dermoid cysts of the head and neck examined between 1980 and 2002 at Mayo Clinic.RESULTSForty‐nine patients (59% girls) had a dermoid cyst of the head and neck. The median age at diagnosis was 22 months. The most common presenting sign was a palpable mass, noted in 100% of patients. During evaluation, approximately 25 patients (51%) had imaging studies. The most common location of the cysts was periorbital (61%), followed by the neck (18%; including 1 submental cyst). Various surgical approaches were chosen. In 2 patients (4%), the dermoid cyst had an intracranial extension. Only 1 patient experienced recurrence. The median pathologic diameter of the cysts was 1.2 cm.CONCLUSIONSDermoid cysts are unusual neoplasms that often present in childhood, with the orbit being the area most commonly affected in the head and neck region. Imaging studies help rule out an intracranial or intraorbital extension. With complete excision, recurrence is unusual.SIGNIFICANCEOur review will assist both primary care physicians and subspecialists in diagnosing and treating dermoid cysts.
Preoperative antibiotic and steroid therapy and hearing loss caused by semicircular canal transection in pseudomonas otitis media
Authors: Lee James C. , Remtulla Rahim A. , Stevens Gary R. , Zhang MEI , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this experiment was to determine whether preoperative administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids can attenuate the severity of hearing loss (HL) with semicircular canal (SC) transection in a guinea pig model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) otitis media (OM).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGProspective and controlled.METHODSOM was induced in 64 pigmented guinea pigs by bilateral, transtympanic injection of PA. Two to 4 days later, 1 horizontal SC was randomly transected. In the 1st series, antibiotic therapy was initiated either immediately before or after surgery. In the 2nd series, all animals received preoperative antibiotics, and half received dexamethasone before surgery. Hearing was tested before and after surgery.RESULTSPA was recovered in all ears. SC transection was associated with significant HL. HL was better in animals given antibiotics preoperatively (clicks, 16 versus 32 dB, P = 0.0220). Addition of preoperative steroids did not significantly further reduce HL (7 versus 14 dB for clicks, P = 0.6919).CONCLUSIONSHL caused by SC transection in PA OM may be attenuated with preoperative antibiotic therapy in the guinea pig.
Satisfaction and gender issues in otolaryngology residency
Authors: Wynn Rhoda , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Lucente Frank E. 
Published: June 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the otolaryngology residency experience with attention to operative experience, career guidance, and gender.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGOtolaryngology residents were anonymously surveyed by mail about their residency experience. The 22‐item survey was scored on a 5‐point ordinal Likert scale. Responses were analyzed with respect to gender and postgraduate year (PGY) level.RESULTSComplete surveys were returned by 261 otolaryngology residents (24% female). PGY level correlated with confidence that surgical skills were appropriate (P = 0.003), establishment of solid career network (P = 0.003), and confidence that surgical abilities are adequate for practice (P = 0.028). Female residents reported less confidence that surgical skills were appropriate (P = 0.050) and that surgical abilities were adequate for postresidency practice (P = 0.035). Women were encouraged to enter private practice more often (P = 0.012), were less likely to have a solid career network (P = 0.025), and were less confident about being able to run their own practice (P = 0.036)CONCLUSIONSSignificant differences exist for several questions regarding surgical confidence and career issues, even after correction for PGY level.
Forecasting the returns of reusable containers
Authors: Kelle Peter , Silver Edward A. 
Published: June 2005

Executive SummaryA number of organizations sell products in containers that can be reused. Illustrative cases include beverages (in kegs, plastic cartons, etc.) and liquid gases (in cylinders). The time from issue to return of an individual container is usually not known with certainty and there is a chance that the container is never returned (because of loss or irreparable damage). In such a situation, even if the demand pattern is known and level with time, it is still necessary to acquire new containers from time to time. Such an acquisition must be initiated when the inventory level of containers drops too low in relation to the anticipated net demand (demand minus returns) during the replenishment lead time. Thus, it is important to forecast the net demand as well as to obtain an estimate of the accuracy of the forecast. In this paper, four different forecasting procedures, based upon different amounts of information, are developed. The information possibilities include recent issues period by period and recent returns (either individually identified or on an aggregate basis). The methods are compared on a wide range of simulated data, including some cases based on empirical data obtained from industry. Not surprisingly, the use of additional information improves the performance. However, most of the benefit associated with using the costly approach of identifying and tracking the issues and returns of individual containers is achieved by the more practical method of recording only aggregate issues and aggregate returns period by period.
Stochastic unpaced line design: A reply
Authors: Smunt Timothy L. , Perkins William C. 
Published: June 2005

Executive SummaryIn the May 1985 issue of the Journal of Operations Management, we published a paper containing two major segments (Smunt and Perkins (1985)). The first segment provided a comprehensive review of previously published research on unpaced assembly lines. Two of the primary references in this review were path‐breaking studies by Hillier and Boling (1966) and Hillier and Boling (1979). These studies introduced the idea of the “bowl phenomenon,” which suggests that line output can be increased (compared to a balanced line) by unbalancing the line with high service times placed at the beginning and end of the line and low service times placed in the middle of the line. This pair of studies also verified the existence of the bowl phenomenon for exponential and Erlang service times with line lengths up to five stations and buffer capacities between stations from zero to four units.The second segment of our 1985 paper reported on a set of experiments to investigate the “robustness” of the bowl phenomenon under varying service time and buffer capacity assumptions. We tested and confirmed three primary hypotheses:

The use of the bowl distribution to unbalance an assembly line will not significantly increase the output rate as compared to a balanced configuration when normally‐distributed work station service times are employed with less variance than the exponential distribution.
Minimal increases of buffer storage capacity will significantly reduce or will negate the benefit of using the bowl distribution.
Output rate is not highly sensitive to moderate variations from optimal task time allocation for stochastic unpaced lines.In other words, we found that the bowl distribution does not have advantages over a balanced line if either more realistic normally‐distributed service times are used or larger buffer capacities are available. Thus the bowl phenomenon, while interesting, does not appear to exist in most real world unpaced lines.In the “Note” which immediately precedes this “Reply,” the authors take issue with our conclusions, based primarily on their view that our 1985 experiments were “flawed.” While the “Note” authors provide some valuable arguments and correctly point out a weakness concerning the number of simulation repetitions in our 1985 study, in general it is their arguments that are “flawed,” as we will establish in this paper. In responding to the preceding “Note,” we have conducted a very extensive simulation experiment—much larger than either our 1985 study or the small study conducted as part of the preceding paper. The results of this enhanced study provide strong support for the conclusions of our 1985 paper.
Black hands and white hearts: Italian immigrants as ‘urban racial types’ in early American film culture
Authors: BERTELLINI GIORGIO 
Published: June 2005

Through the concept of ‘character’ or ‘urban racial type’, traversing literature, science and metropolitan life, Bertellini reconsiders early American cinema's colour-based biracialism epitomized by D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915). In the New York-based film industry race also emerged from the city's dense intermingling of ‘white ethnics’ and broader shifts in epistemological emphasis – from inheritance to the environment. If Italian immigrants were racialized as innately violent in early gangster films, after 1915 heartbreaking melodramas of destitution and misfortunes adopted instead a combination of still othering and universal characterizations.Half the people in ‘the Bend’ are christened Pasquale…When the police do not know the name of an escaped murderer, they guess at Pasquale and send the name out on alarm; in nine cases out of ten it fits.
Jacob Riis, 1890I like to play the Italian because his costume, his mannerisms, his gestures, and his unlikeness to the everyday people of the street make him stand out as a romantic and picturesque person.
Actor and director George Beban, 1921
Molecular characterization of mlo mutants in North American two‐ and six‐rowed malting barley cultivars
Authors: PANSTRUGA RALPH , MOLINA‐CANO JOSÉ LUIS , REINSTÄDLER ANJA , MÜLLER JUDITH 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYBarley lines PRU1, URS1 and URS2 represent three candidate mlo mutants induced in either the two‐rowed cultivar Prudentia or the six‐rowed cultivar Ursula. Both Prudentia and Ursula are North American malting barley varieties with specific malting properties. Here, we analysed the three candidate mutants at the molecular level. We identified lesions in the Mlo gene of all three lines, causing either a premature stop codon (PRU1), a shift in the reading frame (URS1) or a single amino acid replacement (URS2). In a transient gene expression assay, the URS2 mlo allele fails to complement a barley null mutant genotype, indicating that URS2 is a genuine mlo mutant (here designated as mlo‐33). The MLO‐33 mutant variant accumulates to similar levels as the wild‐type MLO protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts, suggesting that MLO‐33 is stable in planta. We show that the mlo‐33 allele can be readily detected in barley genomic DNA by a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker, rendering this allele particularly suited for marker‐assisted breeding.
Non‐host resistance in plants: new insights into an old phenomenon
Authors: NÜRNBERGER THORSTEN , LIPKA VOLKER 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYResistance of an entire plant species to all isolates of a microbial species is referred to as non‐host or species resistance. An interplay of both constitutive barriers and inducible reactions comprises the basis for this most durable form of plant disease resistance. Activation of inducible plant defence responses is probably brought about by the recognition of invariant pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMP) that are characteristic of whole classes of microbial organisms. PAMP perception systems and PAMP‐induced signalling cascades partially resemble those known to mediate activation of innate immune responses in animals, suggesting an evolutionarily ancient molecular concept of non‐self recognition and immunity in eukaryotes. Genetic dissection has recently provided clues for SNARE‐complex‐mediated exocytosis and directed vesicle trafficking in executing plant non‐host resistance. Recent functional analysis of bacterial effector proteins indicates that establishment of infection in susceptible plants is associated with suppression of plant species resistance.