bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirements for Using Digital Agricultural Extension in Providing Extension Service from Viewpoint of Agricultural Extension Agents
Authors: Khalaf Ali Ghazi , Al-Mashhadani Ali Lateef Jasim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The research has aimed to determine the requirements for using digital agricultural extension in providing an extension service from the viewpoint of agricultural extension agents. The research population has included all agricultural extension agents who work in the Agricultural Extension and Training Department, the Training and Rehabilitation Center, the Agricultural Extension Center for Training, Al-Tarmiya Farm, as well as Al-Rashidiya Farm in Baghdad Governorate. Thus, a random sample has been taken from the research population at a rate of (83%). Accordingly, the proposed sample size has included (83) agricultural extension agents (from male and female). To achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared that included four axes: administrative requirements, technical and financial requirements, human requirements, and requirements of integrating the target audience to use digital agricultural extension. The agreement of extension agents on the requirements has been measured by using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, somewhat agree, disagree, strongly disagree), and the following scores have determined for the scale expressions (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) respectively, hence, the general results (for the five axes) have shown that the majority of agricultural extension agents have had a high level of agreement with all requirements of using digital agricultural extension in providing agricultural extension services, with an average of (213.45) degrees, which is higher than the general average, and this may reflect the realism and objectivity of the requirements that have addressed in the research, which will provide an appropriate ground and achieve a satisfactory level of efficiency and effectiveness in the process of using digital agricultural extension in providing the agricultural extension service, if they implement and activate by the decision makers (authorities) in the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture.
Peripheral Blood MicroRNA-21 as a Predictive Biomarker for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Old Hypertensives
Authors: Marketou Maria , Kontaraki Joanna , Zacharis Evangelos , Maragkoudakis Spyros , Fragkiadakis Kostantinos , Kampanieris Emmanouil , Plevritaki Anthoula , Savva Eirini , Malikides Onoufrios , Chlouverakis Gregory , Kochiadakis George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major health issue with high morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology and the factors that cause HFpEF have not been fully clarified, while accurate predictive biomarkers are lacking. Our aim was to determine whether levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in peripheral blood monocytes, which play a critical role in many pathophysiological pathways of hypertensive heart disease, can predict the occurrence of HFpEF in older hypertensives, as well as the associated mortality and morbidity.

METHODS
We enrolled 151 elderly patients &gt;60 years old with essential hypertension but without HF at baseline. miRs expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells had been quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 56 patients (37%) had an event. Levels of miR-21 in peripheral mononuclear blood cells proved to be significantly associated with the occurrence of HFpEF. More specifically, the median HFpEF-free period was 110 months for those with miR-21 &gt;2.1 and 114 months for those with miR-21 &lt;2.1. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that miR-21 (hazard ratio 11.14), followed by hemoglobin (Hg) (hazard ratio 0.56 for Hg &gt;13.6 g/dl, a 45% risk reduction), were independent and the most significant predictors of HFpEF events.

CONCLUSIONS
miR-21 levels in peripheral blood monocytes are associated with the development of future HFpEF. Our findings may alter the risk models of HFpEF and support the rationale for further research into the modulation of miRs as biomarkers and treatment targets for HFpEF.
Social Communication in Young Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomy (XXY, XXX, XYY): A Study With Eye Tracking and Heart Rate Measures
Authors: Urbanus Evelien , Swaab Hanna , Tartaglia Nicole , van Rijn Sophie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Children with sex chromosome trisomy (SCT) have an increased risk for suboptimal development. Difficulties with language are frequently reported, start from a very young age, and encompass various domains. This cross-sectional study examined social orientation with eye tracking and physiological arousal responses to gain more knowledge on how children perceive and respond to communicative bids and evaluated the associations between social orientation and language outcomes, concurrently and 1 year later.

Method
In total, 107 children with SCT (33 XXX, 50 XXY, and 24 XYY) and 102 controls (58 girls and 44 boys) aged between 1 and 7 years were included. Assessments took place in the USA and Western Europe. A communicative bids eye tracking paradigm, physiological arousal measures, and receptive and expressive language outcomes were used.

Results
Compared to controls, children with SCT showed reduced attention to the face and eyes of the on-screen interaction partner and reduced physiological arousal sensitivity in response to direct versus averted gaze. In addition, social orientation to the mouth was related to concurrent receptive and expressive language abilities in 1-year-old children with SCT.

Conclusions
Children with SCT may experience difficulties with social communication that extend past the well-recognized risk for early language delays. These difficulties may underlie social–behavioral problems that have been described in the SCT population and are an important target for early monitoring and support.
BELB: a biomedical entity linking benchmark
Authors: Garda Samuele , Weber-Genzel Leon , Martin Robert , Leser Ulf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Biomedical entity linking (BEL) is the task of grounding entity mentions to a knowledge base (KB). It plays a vital role in information extraction pipelines for the life sciences literature. We review recent work in the field and find that, as the task is absent from existing benchmarks for biomedical text mining, different studies adopt different experimental setups making comparisons based on published numbers problematic. Furthermore, neural systems are tested primarily on instances linked to the broad coverage KB UMLS, leaving their performance to more specialized ones, e.g. genes or variants, understudied.

Results
We therefore developed BELB, a biomedical entity linking benchmark, providing access in a unified format to 11 corpora linked to 7 KBs and spanning six entity types: gene, disease, chemical, species, cell line, and variant. BELB greatly reduces preprocessing overhead in testing BEL systems on multiple corpora offering a standardized testbed for reproducible experiments. Using BELB, we perform an extensive evaluation of six rule-based entity-specific systems and three recent neural approaches leveraging pre-trained language models. Our results reveal a mixed picture showing that neural approaches fail to perform consistently across entity types, highlighting the need of further studies towards entity-agnostic models.

Availability and implementation
The source code of BELB is available at: https://github.com/sg-wbi/belb. The code to reproduce our experiments can be found at: https://github.com/sg-wbi/belb-exp.
Penetrance and expressivity of mitochondrial variants in a large clinically unselected population
Authors: Cannon Stuart J , Hall Timothy , Hawkes Gareth , Colclough Kevin , Boggan Roisin M , Wright Caroline F , Pickett Sarah J , Hattersley Andrew T , Weedon Michael N , Patel Kashyap A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) from large clinically unselected cohorts provides a unique opportunity to assess the penetrance and expressivity of rare and/or known pathogenic mitochondrial variants in population. Using WGS from 179 862 clinically unselected individuals from the UK Biobank, we performed extensive single and rare variant aggregation association analyses of 15 881 mtDNA variants and 73 known pathogenic variants with 15 mitochondrial disease-relevant phenotypes. We identified 12 homoplasmic and one heteroplasmic variant (m.3243A&gt;G) with genome-wide significant associations in our clinically unselected cohort. Heteroplasmic m.3243A&gt;G (MAF = 0.0002, a known pathogenic variant) was associated with diabetes, deafness and heart failure and 12 homoplasmic variants increased aspartate aminotransferase levels including three low-frequency variants (MAF ~0.002 and beta~0.3 SD). Most pathogenic mitochondrial disease variants (n = 66/74) were rare in the population (&lt;1:9000). Aggregated or single variant analysis of pathogenic variants showed low penetrance in unselected settings for the relevant phenotypes, except m.3243A&gt;G. Multi-system disease risk and penetrance of diabetes, deafness and heart failure greatly increased with m.3243A&gt;G level ≥ 10%. The odds ratio of these traits increased from 5.61, 12.3 and 10.1 to 25.1, 55.0 and 39.5, respectively. Diabetes risk with m.3243A&gt;G was further influenced by type 2 diabetes genetic risk. Our study of mitochondrial variation in a large-unselected population identified novel associations and demonstrated that pathogenic mitochondrial variants have lower penetrance in clinically unselected settings. m.3243A&gt;G was an exception at higher heteroplasmy showing a significant impact on health making it a good candidate for incidental reporting.
Is it time to abandon the theory of Democracy? The problem with the people: Afterword to the Foreword by Sergio Verdugo
Authors: Alterio Ana Micaela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sergio Verdugo’s provocative Foreword challenges us to think about whether the concepts we inherited from classical constitutionalism are still useful for understanding our current reality. Verdugo refutes any attempt to defend what he calls “the conventional approach to constituent power.” The objective of this article is to contradict Verdugo’s assertions which, the Foreword claims, are based on an incorrect notion of the people as a unified body, or as a social consensus. The article argues, instead, for the plausibility of defending the popular notion of constituent power by anchoring it in a historical and dynamic concept of democratic legitimacy. It concludes that, although legitimizing deviations from the established channels for political transformation entails risks, we must assume them for the sake of the emancipatory potential of constituent power.
Saudi Arabia and the International Refugee Regime
Authors: Janmyr Maja , Lysa Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, Saudi Arabia is often portrayed as a State that refuses engagement with the global legal norms and supporting institutions focused on the protection of refugees. This article contends that this is not the case, and closely examines Saudi Arabia’s relationship with the international refugee regime by asking what was Saudi Arabia’s role in the drafting of the main refugee protection instruments, and what is its approach – past and present – to acceding to the 1951 Convention? How does Saudi Arabia engage with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – on the global plane but also through UNHCR’s activities in the country?
Drawing on hitherto unresearched material from the UNHCR archives pertaining to the years 1962–94, as well as interviews with key government and UNHCR actors, this article argues that Saudi Arabia engages substantively with the international refugee regime. It discusses how Saudi Arabia participated in the drafting processes of the main refugee protection instruments and shows that accession to the 1951 Convention appears to have been seriously considered at certain junctures.
The article also explores Saudi Arabia’s relationship with UNHCR. In addition to focusing on Saudi Arabia’s role in the UNHCR Executive Committee, it looks more closely at UNHCR’s activities in the country, identifying three phases of UNHCR involvement – establishment (1987–97), expansion (1998–2005), and consolidation (2005–). It finds that UNHCR’s approach to Saudi Arabia is characterized by pragmatism rather than by principle, and that Saudi Arabia has been able to influence the way UNHCR implements its mandate in the country, as well as beyond. Importantly, Saudi Arabia is a gatekeeper for UNHCR operations in the Gulf region and in Muslim-majority countries more generally. Similarly, UNHCR is an important vessel for Saudi Arabian humanitarianism.
Domination for the Rest? Creating and Contesting Secondary State-Led International Hierarchies
Authors: Hynd Alexander M , Connolly Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExisting literature on international hierarchies has focused on great powers, hitherto overlooking those hierarchies led by secondary states. Secondary states lack the capabilities and geostrategic reach of their great power counterparts but nevertheless seek to create subordinate relationships in their immediate regions. We argue that in doing so secondary states draw on strategic toolkits that involve the creation of shared communities and the intensification of material dependencies between superordinate and subordinate. However, more so than great powers, secondary states do not get things all their own way. Recognizing the agency of even the weakest of states, we further contend that potential subordinates employ a range of resistance techniques—which we call firewalls and dissonance strategies. We elaborate on these strategies, and conclude our argument, by applying the theoretical model presented here to the novel case of the Sunshine Policy—a decade of inter-Korean hierarchy formation, contestation, and resistance from 1998 to 2008 in which we claim that South Korea attempted, and ultimately stalled, in its efforts to establish itself in a hierarchical relationship with North Korea.
On the Category ofReligion: A Taxonomic Analysis of a Large-Scale Database
Authors: Monroe M Willis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Database of Religious History is a large-scale digital humanities project dedicated to capturing scholarly perspectives on the history of religious groups across the globe. Analysis of the current state of the data shows a remarkable consistency between a taxonomic tree generated from the entries submitted by our expert contributors and larger assumptions within religious studies as they pertain to the similarities and differences between religious groups. Additionally, there is broad agreement between how experts answer questions and the tags they use to categorize their own entries, demonstrating a consistency between top-down and bottom-up approaches to describing religious groups. We see both of these results as affirming a commensurable understanding of the category of religion while demonstrating the value of these types of large-scale quantitative analyses for answering larger questions within the field.
ABA signaling branches out: emerging ABA-related signaling functions inSolanum tuberosum
Authors: Abelenda José A , Barrero-Gil Javier 
Published: November 2023

This article comments on:Liu T, Dong L, Wang E, Liu S, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Xu S, Liang Z, Ma H, Nie B, Song B. 2023. StHAB1, a negative regulatory factor in abscisic acid signaling, plays crucial roles in potato drought tolerance and shoot branching. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 6708–6721.
Insertion of a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element into the promoter of OsTCP4 results in more tillers and a lower grain size in rice
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Juncheng , Xu Pengkun , Li Ming , Li Yibo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A class I PCF type protein, TCP4, was identified as a transcription factor associated with both grain size and tillering through a DNA pull-down-MS assay combined with a genome-wide association study. This transcription factor was found to have a significant role in the variations among the 533 rice accessions, dividing them into two main subspecies. A Tourist-like miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) was discovered in the promoter of TCP4 in japonica/geng accessions (TCP4M+), which was found to suppress the expression of TCP4 at the transcriptional level. The MITE-deleted haplotype (TCP4M-) was mainly found in indica/xian accessions. ChIP-qPCR and EMSA demonstrated the binding of TCP4 to promoters of grain reservoir genes such as SSIIa and Amy3D in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The introduction of the genomic sequence of TCP4M+ into different TCP4M- cultivars was found to affect the expression of TCP4 in the transgenic rice, resulting in decreased expression of its downstream target gene SSIIa, increased tiller number, and decreased seed length. This study revealed that a Tourist-like MITE contributes to subspecies divergence by regulating the expression of TCP4 in response to environmental pressure, thus influencing source-sink balance by regulating starch biosynthesis in rice.
Statistical analysis of the gravitational anomaly in Gaia wide binaries
Authors: Hernandez X , Verteletskyi V , Nasser L , Aguayo-Ortiz A 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The exploration of the low acceleration a &lt; a0 regime, where a0 = 1.2 × 10−10 m s−2 is the acceleration scale of MOND around which gravitational anomalies at galactic scale appear, has recently been extended to the much smaller mass and length scales of local wide binaries thanks to the availability of the Gaia catalogue. Statistical methods to test the underlying structure of gravity using large samples of such binary stars and dealing with the necessary presence of kinematic contaminants in such samples have also been presented. However, an alternative approach using binary samples carefully selected to avoid any such contaminants, and consequently much smaller samples, has been lacking a formal statistical development. In the interest of having independent high-quality checks on the results of wide binary gravity tests, we here develop a formal statistical framework for treating small, clean, wide binary samples in the context of testing modifications to gravity of the form G → γG. The method is validated through extensive tests with synthetic data samples, and applied to recent Gaia DR3 binary star observational samples of relative velocities and internal separations on the plane of the sky, v2D and r2D, respectively. Our final results for a high acceleration r2D &lt; 0.01 pc region are of γ = 1.000 ± 0.096, in full accordance with Newtonian expectations. For a low acceleration r2D &gt; 0.01 pc region, however, we obtain γ = 1.5 ± 0.2, inconsistent with the Newtonian value of γ = 1 at a 2.6σ level, and much more indicative of MOND AQUAL predictions of close to γ = 1.4.
ExoMol line lists – LVI. The SO line list, MARVEL analysis of experimental transition data and refinement of the spectroscopic model
Authors: Brady Ryan P , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan , Kim Gap-Sue 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
A semi-empirical IR/Vis line list, SOLIS, for the sulphur monoxide molecule 32S16O is presented. SOLIS includes accurate empirical rovibrational energy levels, uncertainties, lifetimes, quantum number assignments, and transition probabilities in the form of Einstein A coefficients covering the $X\, {}^{3}\Sigma ^{-}$$, a\, {}^{1}\Delta , b\, {}^{1}\Sigma ^{+}, A\, {}^{3}\Pi , B\, {}^{3}\Sigma ^{-}, A^{\prime \prime }\, {}^{3}\Sigma ^{+}, A^{\prime }\, {}^{3}\Delta$, and $e\, {}^{1}\Pi$ systems and wavenumber range up to 43 303.5 cm−1 (≥230.93 nm) with J ≤ 69. SOLIS has been computed by solving the rovibronic Schrödinger equation for diatomics using the general purpose variational code Duo and starting from a published ab initio spectroscopic model of SO (including potential energy curves, coupling curves, (transition) dipole moment curves) which is refined to experimental data. To this end, a database of 50 106 experimental transitions, 48 972 being non-redundant, has been compiled through the analysis of 29 experimental sources, and a self-consistent network of 8558 rovibronic energy levels for the X, a, b, A, B, and C electronic states has been generated with the marvel algorithm covering rotational and vibrational quantum numbers J ≤ 69 and v ≤ 30 and energies up to 52 350.40 cm−1. No observed transitions connect to the $B\, {}^{3}\Sigma ^{-}$(v = 0) state which is required to model perturbations correctly, so we leave fitting the $B\, {}^3\Sigma ^-$ and $C\, {}^3\Pi$ state UV model to a future project. The SO line list is available at ExoMol from www.exomol.com.
Role of magnetic pressure forces in fluctuation dynamo saturation
Authors: Sur Sharanya , Subramanian Kandaswamy 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Using magnetohydrodynamic simulations of fluctuation dynamos in turbulent flows with rms Mach numbers $\mathcal {M}_{\rm rms}= 0.2, 1.1$, and 3, we show that magnetic pressure forces play a crucial role in dynamo saturation in supersonic flows. First, as expected when pressure forces oppose compression, an increase in anticorrelation between density and magnetic field strengths obtains even in subsonic flows with the anticorrelation arising from the intense but rarer magnetic structures. In supersonic flows, due to stronger compressive motions density and magnetic field strength continue to maintain a positive correlation. However, the degree of positive correlation decreases as the dynamo saturates. Secondly, we find that the unit vectors of ∇ρ and ∇B2 are preferentially antiparallel to each other in subsonic flows. This is indicative of magnetic pressure opposing compression. This antiparallel alignment persists in transonic and supersonic flows at dynamo saturation. However, compressive motions also lead to the emergence of a parallel alignment in these flows. Finally, we consider the work done against the components of the Lorentz force and the different sources of magnetic energy growth and dissipation. We show that while in subsonic flows, suppression of field line stretching is dominant in saturating the dynamo, the picture is different in supersonic flows. Both field line stretching and compression initially amplifies the field. However, growing magnetic pressure opposes further compression of magnetic flux which tends to reduce the compressive motions. Simultaneously, field line stretching also reduces. But, suppression of compressive amplification dominates the saturation of the dynamo.