bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Sunshine of the Arctic Youth: Exploring friendship’s influence on Vitamin D levels
Authors: Nozal Cañadas Rafael A. , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Furberg Anne-Sofie , Hanssen Anne Merethe , Bongo Lars Ailo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D status correlates with 25OHD levels which depends on nutritional intake and UVB exposure. These two factors are influenced by friends, as people tend to participate in the same activities or eat a similar diet to their peers.ObjectivesInvestigate how social interactions in a general high school population above the Arctic Circle influence 25OHD levels in the population.MethodsThe Fit Futures 1 study was performed over 8 months and interview data on social contact among 1038 first-level students in 8 high schools in Northern Norway were collected. Serum levels of 25OHD were measured (n = 890). The participants filled in a questionnaire about nutritional consumption, solarium habits, ethnicity, and chronic diseases. The participant’s BMI was also measured.ResultsOnce high schools’ social biases were accounted for, only UVB radiation levels explained the differences in 25OHD levels. For non-solarium users, logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between a person’s 25OHD levels and the 25OHD level of friends in the general population and within the same high school for most of the schools. We saw that women can influence other women into going to the solarium, while this influence was not present for men.Conclusions25OHD levels can be influenced by social networks. This study can help to add weight to current public health recommendations due to the positive spillover effect in the network.
Sex Differences in the Acute Effects of Oral THC: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Human Laboratory Study
Authors: Aghaei Ardavan Mohammad , Spillane Lia Urban , Pittman Brian , Flynn L. Taylor , De Aquino Joao P. , Nia Anahita Bassir , Ranganathan Mohini 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRationaleRecent reports have shown increased cannabis use among women, leading to growing concerns about cannabis use disorder (CUD). Some evidence suggests a faster progression to addiction in women, known as the “telescoping effect.” While there is preclinical evidence suggesting biological sex influences cannabinoid effects, human research remains scant. We investigated sex differences in the response to oral tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans.Methods56 healthy men and women with prior exposure to cannabis but no history of CUD participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, human laboratory study where they received a single 10 mg dose of oral THC (dronabinol). Subjective psychoactive effects were assessed by the visual analog scale of “high”, psychotomimetic effects by the Clinician-Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale and Psychotomimetic States Inventory, verbal learning and memory by Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and physiological effects by heart rate. Outcomes were regularly measured on the test day, except for the RAVLT, which was assessed once. Peak differences from baseline were analyzed using a nonparametric method for repeated measures.ResultsOral THC demonstrated significant dose-related effects in psychotomimetic and physiological domains, but not in RAVLT outcomes. A notable interaction between THC dose and sex emerged concerning the subjective “high” scores, with women reporting heightened sensations (p=0.05). No other significant effects of sex and THC dose interaction were observed.ConclusionOral THC yields similar psychotomimetic and physiological effects across sexes, but women may experience a pronounced subjective psychoactive effect. Further research is needed to identify individual vulnerabilities and facilitate tailored interventions addressing CUD.
Effectiveness of Implementation Interventions in Musculoskeletal Healthcare: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hansen Peter Bech , Bahnsen Mikkel , Nørgaard Mikkel Sloth , Jepsen Jette Frost , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Lyng Kristian Damgaard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundImplementing new knowledge into clinical practice is a challenge, but nonetheless crucial to improve our healthcare system related to the management of musculoskeletal pain. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of implementation interventions within musculoskeletal healthcare.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. Any type of randomised controlled trials investigating implementation strategies or interventions in relation to musculoskeletal pain conditions were included. Risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Data analysis was done using frameworks from Powell et al. 2015, and Waltz et al. 2015 and outcomes were identified by Thompson et al. 2022 or self-made outcome domains were established.ResultsThe literature search yielded 14,265 original studies, of which 38 studies from 31 trials, with 13,203 participating healthcare professionals and 30,320 participating patients were included in the final synthesis. Nineteen studies had a high risk of bias, sixteen had a moderate risk of bias, and three had a low risk of bias. Twenty distinct implementation interventions were identified. A significant heterogeneity in the utilised outcome measurements was observed, thereby rendering a meta-analysis infeasible; consequently, all outcomes were classified into six outcome domains for healthcare professionals, seven for patients and one for cost-effectiveness.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that some implementation interventions may have a tendency towards a statistically significant positive effect in favour of the intervention group on the outcome domain “Adherence to the implemented interventions” for healthcare professionals in the included studies. The remaining outcome domains yielded varying results; therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Future high-quality trials with clear reporting and rationale of implementation strategies and interventions utilising standardised nomenclature are needed to further advance our understanding of this area.Trial registrationOpen Science Framework, DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/SRMP2
ChatGPT Provides Inconsistent Risk-Stratification of Patients With Atraumatic Chest Pain
Authors: Heston Thomas F. , Lewis Lawrence M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChatGPT is a large language model with promising healthcare applications. However, its ability to analyze complex clinical data and provide consistent results is poorly known. This study evaluated ChatGPT-4’s risk stratification of simulated patients with acute nontraumatic chest pain compared to validated tools.METHODSThree datasets of simulated case studies were created: one based on the TIMI score variables, another on HEART score variables, and a third comprising 44 randomized variables related to non-traumatic chest pain presentations. ChatGPT independently scored each dataset five times. Its risk scores were compared to calculated TIMI and HEART scores. A model trained on 44 clinical variables was evaluated for consistency.RESULTSChatGPT showed a high correlation with TIMI and HEART scores (r = 0.898 and 0.928, respectively), but the distribution of individual risk assessments was broad. ChatGPT gave a different risk 45-48% of the time for a fixed TIMI or HEART score. On the 44 variable model, a majority of the five ChatGPT models agreed on a diagnosis category only 56% of the time, and risk scores were poorly correlated (r = 0.605). ChatGPT assigned higher risk scores to males and African Americans.CONCLUSIONWhile ChatGPT correlates closely with established risk stratification tools regarding mean scores, its inconsistency when presented with identical patient data on separate occasions raises concerns about its reliability. The findings suggest that while large language models like ChatGPT hold promise for healthcare applications, further refinement and customization are necessary, particularly in the clinical risk assessment of atraumatic chest pain patients.
Metabolism-focused CRISPR screen unveils Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 as a critical driver for PARP inhibitor resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Furusawa Takashi , Cavero Renzo , Liu Yue , Li Haojian , Xu Xia , Andresson Thorkell , Reinhold William , White Olivia , Boufraqech Myriem , Meyer Thomas J. , Hartmann Oliver , Diefenbacher Markus E. , Pommier Yves , Weyemi Urbain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHomologous recombination (HR) and poly ADP-ribosylation are partially redundant pathways for repair of DNA damage in normal and cancer cells. In cell lines that are deficient in HR, inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1/2) is a proven target with several PARP inhibitors (PARPi) currently in clinical use. Resistance to PARP inhibitors often develops, usually involving genetic alterations in DNA repair signaling cascades, but also metabolic rewiring particularly in HR-proficient cells. PARP1/2 utilize NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), an essential substrate not only for PARPs but also for multiple pathways in cellular metabolism, TCA cycle and mitochondrial functions. Thus, NAD+ is central to many key cellular functions. Both activation of PARPs by DNA damage and their inhibition by drugs such as olaparib affect NAD+ consumption. We surmised that alterations in NAD+ metabolism by cancer drugs such as Olaparib might be involved in the development of resistance to drug therapy. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a metabolism-focused CRISPR knockout (KO) screen to identify genes which undergo alterations during treatment of tumor cells with PARP inhibitors. Of about 3000 genes in the screen, our data revealed that mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) is an essential factor in desensitizing NSCLC lung cancer lines to PARP inhibition. In contrast to NSCLC lung cancer cells, triple negative breast cancer cells do not exhibit such desensitization following MPC1 loss and reprogram the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation pathways to overcome PARP inhibitor treatment. Our findings unveil a previously unknown synergistic response between MPC1 loss and PARP inhibition in lung cancer cells.
Preserving condensate structure and composition by lowering sequence complexity
Authors: Sood Amogh , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiological condensates play a vital role in organizing cellular chemistry. They selectively partition biomolecules, preventing unwanted cross-talk and buffering against chemical noise. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) serve as primary components of these condensates due to their flexibility and ability to engage in multivalent, nonspecific interactions, leading to spontaneous aggregation. Theoretical advancements are critical at connecting IDP sequences with condensate emergent properties to establish the so-called molecular grammar. We proposed an extension to the stickers and spacers model, incorporating non-specific pairwise interactions between spacers alongside specific interactions among stickers. Our investigation revealed that while spacer interactions contribute to phase separation and co-condensation, their non-specific nature leads to disorganized condensates. Specific sticker-sticker interactions drive the formation of condensates with well-defined structures and molecular composition. We discussed how evolutionary pressures might emerge to affect these interactions, leading to the prevalence of low complexity domains in IDP sequences. These domains suppress spurious interactions and facilitate the formation of biologically meaningful condensates.Significance StatementBiomolecular condensates serve as pivotal mechanisms in cellular organization, often characterized by an abundance of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that undergo frequent mutations in their sequences. Despite this, IDP sequences exhibit non-random patterns, yet the precise relationship between these sequences and the emergent properties of condensates remains unclear. To address this gap, we propose a molecular theory that delineates how various sequence features of IDPs contribute to the organization and composition of condensates. This theory not only sheds light on the evolution of IDPs but also elucidates the emergence of non-random sequence patterns as essential elements for the formation of functional condensates. Correspondingly, we posit that the prevalence of low-complexity regions within IDPs is a result of evolutionary selection.
Swi4-dependent SWI4 transcription couples cell size to cell cycle commitment
Authors: Goswami Pooja , Ghimire Abhishek , Coffin Carleton , Cheng Jing , Coulombe-Huntington Jasmin , Ghazal Ghada , Thattikota Yogitha , Tyers Mike , Tollis Sylvain , Royer Catherine 
Published: November 2023

SummaryGrowth-dependent accumulation of the limiting SBF transcription factor, composed of Swi4 and Swi6, occurs in G1 phase in budding yeast and is limiting for commitment to division, termed Start. Here we measure size-dependence of Swi4 protein copy number under different genetic contexts using the scanning number and brightness technique. Mutation of SBF binding sites in theSWI4promoter or disruption of SBF activation resulted in ∼33-50% decrease in Swi4 accumulation rate and concordantly increased cell size at Start. Ectopic inducible expression of Swi4 in G1 phase cells increased production of Swi4 from the endogenous promoter, upregulated transcription of the G1/S regulon, and accelerated Start. Despite the potential for Swi4 positive feedback, G1 phase Swi4 accumulation was linear unless the Whi5 transcriptional repressor was inactivated. A threshold model in which Swi4 titrates SBF binding sites in G1/S promoters predicted the effects of nutrients, ploidy, and G1/S regulatory mutations on cell size. These results exemplify how transcription factor auto-production can contribute to a cell state transition.
Unraveling the metabolomic architecture of autism in a large Danish population-based cohort
Authors: Ottosson Filip , Russo Francesco , Abrahamsson Anna , MacSween Nadia , Courraud Julie , Skogstrand Kristin , Melander Olle , Ericson Ulrika , Orho-Melander Marju , Cohen Arieh S. , Grove Jakob , Mortensen Preben Bo , Hougaard David M. , Ernst Madeleine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of autism in Denmark has been increasing, reaching 1.65% among 10-year-old children and similar trends are seen elsewhere. Although there are several factors associated with autism, including genetic, environmental and prenatal factors, the molecular etiology of autism is largely unknown. Metabolomics has emerged as a tool to measure small molecules that reflect genetic, gut microbiome and dietary intake variations. Here, we apply untargeted metabolomics to over 1400 neonatal dried bloods spots, including neonates who later are diagnosed with autism and matching controls. Overall, we detect underlying molecular perturbations that precede autism related to metabolism of amino acids, acylcarnitines and peptides. In particular the cyclic dipeptide cyclo-leucine-proline and the carnitine-related 5-aminovaleric acid betaine (5-AVAB), were associated with an increased probability for autism. Analysis of genetic and dietary data in over 7000 adults revealed that 5-AVAB was associated with increased habitual dietary intake of dairy and with variantsSLC22A5, coding for a transmembrane carnitine transporter protein involved in controlling intracellular carnitine levels. We identify 5-AVAB as a novel and potentially modifiable early biomarker for autism that may influence carnitine homeostasis.
A healthful plant-based diet is associated with higher physical and mental well-being among older adults independent of circulating CRP
Authors: Schorr Kerstin , Beekman Marian , Agayn Venetka , de Vries Jeanne H.M. , De Groot Lisette C.P.G.M. , Slagboom P. Eline 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlant-based diets (PBD) have been found to be environmentally sustainable as well as beneficial for health. Observational research showed that higher plant-based diet quality improves well-being in adult women, however this is unclear for older adults. This association may be due to anti-inflammatory properties of PBD. Older adults, often suffering from chronic inflammation, may therefore profit from a more PBD. Therefore, we investigated the relation between PBD and well-being in older adults of both genders and tested whether the effects are influenced by circulating high-senstivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. We used the data of the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study (n=6,635, mean age=65.2 years) and a subsample in which hsCRP was measured (n=2,251, mean age=65.2 years). We applied a plant-based diet index measuring adherence to a healthful (hPDI) and an unhealthful (uPDI) plant-based diet based on food frequency questionnaires. The RAND-36 questionnaire was applied as measure of quality of life, from which we derived physical (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS). Older adults with the highest adherence to a healthful plant-based diet had respectively 14% and 12% greater odds for high physical well-being and mental well-being. Meanwhile, higher adherence to uPDI was associated with respectively 19% and 14% lower odds for high physical and mental well-being. We observed an additive but no mediating effect of hsCRP on the association between plant-based diets and well-being. We conclude that in older men and women, adherence to a healthful plant-based diet and circulating levels of inflammation are independently associated with physical and mental well-being.
Implications of legalisation of cannabis cultivation in Ghana: a critical review
Authors: Agboli Jacob Mensah 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Following the trend in the world over and on the African continent, the Parliament of Ghana passed a new law in 2020, the Narcotics Control Commission Act (Act 1019) that eased the legal restrictions on cannabis cultivation and use, subject to obtaining license from the relevant authority/authorities. This paper aims to examine the implications of Ghana’s decision to legalise the cultivation of cannabis for industrial purposes for the production of fibre and for medicinal purposes.

Design/methodology/approach
The author adopted the qualitative analysis critical review methodology in sourcing information from peer-reviewed articles, coupled with the author’s own professional knowledge, background and training, to critically analyse and review the reasons behind Ghana’s decision to legalise cannabis cultivation and the implications such a major policy change/shift.

Findings
It was found that, while the law mentions industrial and medicinal purposes for the legalisation of cannabis, the real reason, at least in the immediate term, is mainly economic. This agrees with those of other African countries that have legalised cannabis cultivation but appears to contrast with those of Europe and America.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited to Ghana and the few African countries that have legalised cannabis cultivation so far. The main reason for the legalisation (economic benefits) may also change in the future when the economics of scale turn in the favour of the country. Therefore, Ghana’s case may not represent the case of all countries legalising cannabis cultivation.

Practical implications
The research implication of this paper is that it brings to the world the law on cannabis cultivation in Ghana. It provides a professional and scientific position paper on Ghana’s drug law regime regarding cannabis, thus, serving as a useful reference literature to the academic and research community on the topic. More importantly, it discusses the implications of such major policy change from an objective perspective, unravelling the real reason behind the State’s decision to legalise the cultivation of cannabis in Ghana.

Social implications
This paper will bring to the fore the other consequences of Ghana’s cannabis cultivation legalisation policy change, which little attention has been devoted to so far.

Originality/value
This paper, apart from reference to other published texts on the topic, which have been duly acknowledged, represents the sole work of the author. It has not been produced anywhere or by anyone else either in Ghana or elsewhere.
Dr. Mahmoud Khattab: leading by example through an Egyptian revolution
Authors: Debal Amaya , Lorenz Korbinian , Apaydin Marina 
Published: November 2023

Learning outcomes
This case study is most suitable for a target audience of graduate-level students in leadership and/or change management classes. It will help students to apply a change management model to an existing problem/change and analyze its applicability, recognize different leadership approaches in practice and assess their appropriateness in different contexts and present key findings and ideas in front of an audience.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study examines the leadership of Dr. Mahmoud Khattab, CEO of B.TECH, during the turbulent times of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. B.TECH was founded in 1997 as a subsidiary of the Egyptian home appliances manufacturer Olympic Electric, to enter the retail market. The morning after January 28, 2011, the “Friday of Rage,” Khattab found the company’s stores looted and seized, and the employees panicked. The company leader was pressured to decide the next steps quickly. Everything was condensed into a dilemma of whether to keep the stores open but potentially risk employee trust and safety as well as the company’s assets – or close them but lose revenue, the ability to pay workers and the company’s market leader position. Students should also identify and reflect on the elements of leadership that contributed to a business success in a turbulent political environment. This case study highlights critical leadership and management decisions during an unexpected crisis that threatened the company’s operations and diversification efforts. Khattab acted almost instinctively, using the interpersonal and creative skills he had acquired while running a family business in his native Egypt and while occupying various leadership roles.

Complexity academic level
This case study is particularly suitable for classes on change management and leadership for university students at the graduate level.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS11: Strategy.
Indian institutional investor's portfolio concentration decision: skill and performance
Authors: Pandey Amit , Sharma Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis study examined Indian institutional investors' holding data to understand their investment strategy (Portfolio Concentration/Diversification) and explored whether their skills were associated with their portfolio strategy and performance. The study introduced a new proxy to identify skilled investors by forecasting abnormal returns. Moreover, the study also highlighted where skilled Indian investors put their money for long-term investment.Design/methodology/approachThis study measures portfolio concentration based on the number of holdings, the Hirschman–Herfindahl index (HHI) and benchmarks adjusted industry concentration. The study introduced a new proxy to identify skilled investors. We measured Investors' performance with the help of Carhart's four factors model and examined the relationship between variables through various regression models.FindingsThe study concluded a negative relationship between portfolio concentration and performance. However, skilled Indian investors get rewards from portfolio concentration decisions. It was found that skilled investors with few stocks and an industry concentration in their portfolio show a positive association between concentration and fund performance. Additionally, this study found Indian investors showing their faith in the financial sector for long-term investment.Originality/valueThis study examined Indian institutional investors' portfolio concentration strategy and introduced a new proxy to measure investors' skills.