bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudan's health sector partnership: From confined progression to openness and hope to uncertain demise
Authors: Aweesha Huzeifa , Hurtig Anna‐Karin , Pulkki‐Brännström Anni‐Maria , Sebastian Miguel San 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivationDespite the signature of the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and subsequent adoption of the principles of effective development co‐operation (EDC) for better health co‐operation, there is a gap in documenting the challenges to implement these commitments at country level. Sudan represents an interesting case study. The country adopted a local health compact in 2014, but for much of the time since the regime had been under sanction. Sudan witnessed a revolution in 2018, followed by a counter‐coup in 2021.Purpose: We aim to explore the evolution of the relationships, perspectives, and compliance of Sudan's health sector partners in terms of the EDC principles of ownership, alignment, and harmonization, while accounting for underlying processes and context changes between 2015 and 2022.Methods and approachWe collected data through two rounds of interviews, in 2015 (16) and 2022 (8), with stakeholders within the Sudan Health Sector Partnership. We used the framework method for data analysis where responses are coded and then sorted into themes.FindingsBefore the 2019 revolution, co‐operation was progressive but restricted, with civil society marginalized and a dominating government. The EDC principles, especially ownership, were misused and misaligned with national priorities driven by donors' interests and conditions.The transition period (post‐revolution) witnessed an influx of partners, characterized by their openness, but unstable leadership and subsequent changes in priorities led to wasted opportunities.Following the coup, donors adopted a no‐contact policy towards the de facto government. The expectation was that civil society organizations would replace the government as the main implementers. Overall, limited co‐ordination capacity and no sustainability measures were present throughout.Policy implicationsMuch of what was observed was due to the often complicated and difficult context of the governance of Sudan. However, general issues arose, including the government's ability to co‐ordinate policy and implementation; the need for stable, legitimate arrangements; and the need to define the role of civil society and empower civil society organizations. In a complex and volatile context, revisiting partners' commitments through joint compact reviews and transparent EDC progress monitoring is crucial.
Is there a relationship between opioid use and transient global amnesia?
Authors: Barash Jed A. , Parikh Megha , Ergas Rosa , DeMaria Alfred 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeOpioid‐associated amnestic syndrome (OAS) and transient global amnesia (TGA) are conditions with clinical overlap. We therefore sought to determine whether opioid use might be associated with TGA.MethodsData from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Syndromic Surveillance program were queried to ascertain the frequency of opioid use among emergency department (ED) encounters for TGA compared to that for all other ED visits between January 2019 and June 2023.ResultsA total of 13,188,630 ED visits were identified during the study period. Of 1417 visits for TGA, one visit met the exposure definition for opioid use. There were 13,187,213 visits for other indications, 57,638 of which were considered opioid‐exposed. The odds ratio for the relationship between opioid use and TGA was 0.16 (95% confidence interval 0.02, 1.14).ConclusionDespite the clinical overlap between OAS and TGA, surveillance data from ED visits in Massachusetts do not suggest that opioid use is a risk factor for TGA, indicating that OAS and TGA are distinct entities.
Predictive factors and scoring system for intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma among suspected cases: a single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Tanaka Miho , Miyagaki Tomomitsu , Okano Tatsuro , Takeuchi Sora , Kadono Takafumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the utility of random skin biopsies in the diagnosis of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) has been confirmed, the patients who should undergo random skin biopsies remain unclear.ObjectivesTo assess predictive factors for IVLBCL and establish a scoring system for the applicability of random skin biopsies.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study of IVLBCL‐suspected patients who underwent random skin biopsies between April 2010 and March 2022. We compared the general symptoms, imaging findings, and laboratory findings between IVLBCL and non‐IVLBCL cases.ResultsFifty‐three patients were enrolled in this study. Eight patients were diagnosed with IVLBCL, and 35 patients were diagnosed with other diseases. The final diagnosis was unclear in 10 patients. There were no significant differences in the frequency of general symptoms and imaging findings between IVLBCL and non‐IVLBCL cases. Among laboratory findings, IVLBCL cases showed significantly higher serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) levels and lower platelet counts than non‐IVLBCL cases. We established a scoring system to predict IVLBCL by using these three parameters. The cut‐off values were as follows: serum LDH level, 256 IU/l; serum sIL‐2R level, 2011 U/ml; and platelet count, 107 × 109/l. IVLBCL was not included in patients with scores of <2. The probabilities of IVLBCL in patients with scores 2 and 3 were 18% and 86%, respectively.ConclusionsOur simple scoring system can help clinicians determine the applicability of random skin biopsies in IVLBCL‐suspected cases.
Accountability mobilization, guanxi and social media‐induced polarization: Understanding the bystander's prosocial punishment to misinformation spreader
Authors: Zhu Zhe , Zhang Nan , Ding Meiwen , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProsocial punishments by social media bystanders could block the path from misinformation spread to social media‐induced polarization (SMIP). However, prosocial punishments are inadequate for SMIP management because of the personal costs, and few studies propose effective ways to mobilize bystanders. The Chinese government implemented a regulation in 2017 to mobilize bystanders on social media through allocating accountability to act as misinformation supervisors. In China's guanxi culture, prosocial punishments are less observed considering the additional personal costs caused by breaking guanxi. Therefore, assessing the effectiveness of China's cyberspace accountability mobilization can help identify an effective tool for other governments to mitigate SMIP. We used a vignette survey experiment to collect data from WeChat users and applied a random regression model to analyse the data. Accountability mobilization significantly promotes bystanders' prosocial punishment to block the misinformation‐spread‐to‐SMIP path. Guanxi negatively moderates the relationship between accountability mobilization and prosocial punishment to the above path. The government could encourage the public to actively take prosocial punishments by using the new tool of accountability mobilization. Guanxi culture reduces the effectiveness of the tool.
Early recapture of response with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily in patients with ulcerative colitis in OCTAVE Open following dose reduction or treatment interruption in OCTAVE Sustain
Authors: Allegretti Jessica R , Gecse Krisztina B , Chiorean Michael V , Argollo Marjorie , Guo Xiang , Lawendy Nervin , Su Chinyu , Mundayat Rajiv , Paulissen Jerome , Salese Leonardo , Irving Peter M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. These post hoc analyses evaluated early improvement in patient‐reported outcomes with tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily (BID) in OCTAVE Open among patients with ulcerative colitis who experienced treatment failure with placebo (retreatment subpopulation) or tofacitinib 5 mg BID (dose escalation subpopulation) during maintenance.MethodsEndpoints based on Mayo subscores (rectal bleeding improvement, stool frequency improvement, and symptomatic [both rectal bleeding and stool frequency] improvement) were analyzed overall and by prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failure status from month (M)1–M6 in OCTAVE Open. Changes from baseline in partial Mayo score, rectal bleeding subscore, and stool frequency subscore at M1 were also analyzed, by M2 clinical response status.ResultsAt M1 of OCTAVE Open, 83.2%, 70.3%, and 64.4% of patients in the retreatment subpopulation (n = 101) had rectal bleeding improvement, stool frequency improvement, and symptomatic improvement, respectively. Corresponding values in the dose escalation subpopulation (n = 57) were 59.6%, 50.9%, and 38.6%. For both subpopulations, results were generally consistent regardless of prior TNFi failure. In the dose escalation subpopulation, mean decrease from baseline in partial Mayo score and stool frequency subscore at M1 was greater in patients with versus without a clinical response at M2.ConclusionsRectal bleeding improvement and stool frequency improvement were achieved by M1 in many patients receiving tofacitinib 10 mg BID in both subpopulations, with no apparent difference by prior TNFi failure. Analyses were limited by small sample sizes for some subgroups.
Intracortical remodelling increases in highly loaded bone after exercise cessation
Authors: Costa da Silva Raniere Gaia , Sun Tsim Christopher , Mishra Ambika Prasad , Boyde Alan , Doube Michael , Riggs Christopher Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResorption within cortices of long bones removes excess mass and damaged tissue and increases during periods of reduced mechanical loading. Returning to high‐intensity exercise may place bones at risk of failure due to increased porosity caused by bone resorption. We used point‐projection X‐ray microscopy images of bone slices from highly loaded (metacarpal, tibia) and minimally loaded (rib) bones from 12 racehorses, 6 that died during a period of high‐intensity exercise and 6 that had a period of intense exercise followed by at least 35 days of rest prior to death, and measured intracortical canal cross‐sectional area (Ca.Ar) and number (N.Ca) to infer remodelling activity across sites and exercise groups. Large canals that are the consequence of bone resorption (Ca.Ar >0.04 mm2) were 1.4× to 18.7× greater in number and area in the third metacarpal bone from rested than exercised animals (p = 0.005–0.008), but were similar in number and area in ribs from rested and exercised animals (p = 0.575–0.688). An intermediate relationship was present in the tibia, and when large canals and smaller canals that result from partial bony infilling (Ca.Ar >0.002 mm2) were considered together. The mechanostat may override targeted remodelling during periods of high mechanical load by enhancing bone formation, reducing resorption and suppressing turnover. Both systems may work synergistically in rest periods to remove excess and damaged tissue.
Effectiveness of educational interventions for nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease in improving nurse outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Tai Yoke‐Yee Samantha , Foo Yu Hui , Ignacio Jeanette 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions for nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease in improving knowledge, nurse–patient interaction, performance, skills competence and clinical decision‐making.DesignSystematic review.MethodsSearch of literature for randomised controlled trials, quasi‐experimental studies and pre‐experimental studies on chronic kidney disease‐related educational interventions for nurses was conducted across 10 databases. Two reviewers independently screened articles, appraised studies and extracted data.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, Social Science Database, ASSIA, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Thesis and Dissertations Global databases were searched from date of inception to 21 December 2022.ResultsThree randomised controlled trials and eight pre‐experimental studies were included in this review. Synthesis without meta‐analysis was conducted due to high heterogeneity among studies. Interventions with teaching sessions, learning activities, self‐study modules, discussion and a web‐based training system were effective in improving nurses' knowledge, nurse–patient interaction, performance, skills competence and clinical decision‐making. Patients experienced an improvement in nurse–patient interaction and no significant decrease in overall quality of life.ConclusionThis review has shown the effectiveness of educational interventions for nurses caring for people with chronic kidney disease in improving outcomes for both nurses and patients, with sustained improvements up to a period of 1 year.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareStudy findings can guide the scope of future training for nurses caring for patients with chronic kidney disease.ImpactNurses often lack in‐service training on how to improve care for patients with chronic kidney disease. This study found that training nurses on how to care for such patients can improve outcomes for nurses, which can translate to higher quality of patient care.Reporting MethodThis paper adhered to the synthesis without meta‐analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline.
Dental prosthesis extraoral indexing and pick‐up technique for mandibular full arch immediate rehabilitation in fibula free flap reconstruction
Authors: Betz Sasha J. , Hammer Daniel A. , Andersen Michael R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSame‐day ablative and reconstructive surgeries for the treatment of head and neck pathologies are gaining in popularity with the recognition that single‐day surgeries reduce morbidity and increase quality of life. Implant‐borne prosthetics on the donor graft provide immediate dental reconstruction. This report describes a novel technique for extraoral pickup of a full arch immediate prosthesis from the donor site free flap. This technique minimizes intraoperative occlusal adjustments, saves intraoperative time, prevents undesirable “rolling” of a fibula segment, and immediately rehabilitates patients with dental prosthetics.
Sitting Less for Success: Reducing Sedentary Behaviors to Increase Kindergarten Achievement
Authors: Allee Karyn A. , Garcia Jeanette M. , Roberts Sherron K. , Clark M. H. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) improves outcomes, but disadvantaged children typically experience more sedentary behavior (SB). This study explored movement, executive function (EF) health, and academic achievement (AA) for economically disadvantaged kindergarteners.MethodsChildren in 2 classrooms (n = 16; n = 7) wore wrist‐based accelerometers to assess PA/SB during the school day. Independent t‐tests and analysis of variance analyzed mean group differences in PA/SB and EF/AA, and correlations explored AA and EF associations.ResultsThe movement‐based class spent significantly less time in SB compared to the contemporary class (t = 2.552, g = 1.115), made greater reading (t = −2.611) and math (t = .967) gains, and had better EF (t = .012). There were significant negative correlations between SB and math (r = −.534) and reading (r = −.592), but no significant relationships with EF.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquitySchools should consider methods to decrease time spent in SB at lower‐SES schools, which is financially feasible and less time‐consuming than programs to increase PA.ConclusionDecreased SB time was associated with better AA. More research is needed to determine whether interventions to decrease time spent in SB at school improve academic outcomes in disadvantaged children.
Race and Gender Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Femoral Footprint Location and Orientation: A 3D‐MRI Study
Authors: Zhang Lihang , Huang Tianwen , Li Changzhao , Xing Xing , Zou Diyang , Dimitriou Dimitris , Tsai Tsung‐Yuan , Li Pingyue 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe femoral tunnel position is crucial to anatomic single‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but the ideal femoral footprint position are mostly based on small‐sized cadaveric studies and elderly patients with a single ethnic background. This study aimed to identify potential race‐ or gender‐specific differences in the ACL femoral footprint location and ACL orientation, determine the correlation between the ACL orientation and the femoral footprint location.MethodsMagnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 90 Caucasian participants and 90 matched Chinese subjects were used for reconstruction of three‐dimensional (3D) femur and tibial models. ACL footprints were sketched by several experienced orthopedic surgeons on the MRI photographs. The anatomical coordinate system was applied to reflect the ACL footprint location and orientation of scanned samples. The femoral ACL footprint locations were represented by their distance from the origin in the anteroposterior (A/P) and distal‐proximal (D/P) directions. The orientation of the ACL was described with the sagittal, coronal and transverse deviation angles. The ACL orientation and femoral footprint position were compared by the two‐sided t‐test. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the correlation between the orientation and femoral footprint position.ResultsThe average femur footprint A/P position was −6.6 ± 1.6 mm in the Chinese group and −5.1 ± 2.3 mm in the Caucasian group, (p < 0.001). The average femur footprint D/P position was −2.8 ± 2.4 mm in Chinese and − 3.9 ± 2.0 mm in Caucasians, (p = 0.001). The Chinese group had a mean difference of a 1.5 mm (6.1%) more posterior and 1.1 mm (5.3%) more proximal in the position from the flexion‐extension axis (FEA). And the males have a sagittal plane elevation about 4–5° higher than females in both racial groups. Furthermore, for every 1% (0.40 mm) increase in A/P and D/P values, the sagittal angle decreased by about 0.12° and 0.24°, respectively; the coronal angle decreased by about 0.10° and 0.30°, respectively. For every 1% (0.40 mm) increase in D/P value, the transverse angle increased by about 0.14°.ConclusionThe significant race‐ and gender‐specific differences in the femoral footprint and orientation of the ACL should be taken in consideration during anatomic single‐bundle ACL reconstruction. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between the ACL orientation and the footprint location might provide some reference for surgeons to develop a surgical strategy in ACL single‐bundle reconstruction and revision.
Mitigating wildfire smoke inside homes: Evidence from Oregon, September 2020
Authors: Castillo Charles , Dittrich Ruth , Shandas Vivek , Gall Elliott , Starry Olyssa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe smoke produced by wildfires can travel great distances and lead to respiratory and/or cardiovascular health impacts through inhalation. Individuals can reduce exposure by implementing smoke mitigation measures in their homes and beyond. In this article, we examine household level survey data (n = 543) on wildfire smoke mitigation in response to the September 2020 wildfires that occurred in the state of Oregon (and beyond). The air quality was hazardous for about 10 days in many affected regions. This study assessed the implementation of six commonly referenced approaches to reducing exposure to smoke: staying indoors; keeping doors and windows closed, turning on HVAC; using air purifiers; replacing air filters, and wearing face masks. We found high levels of implementation of staying indoors and keeping doors and windows closed; however, statistical analysis of socioeconomic demographics suggests that respondents vary in the implementation of the other measures. Income, number of exposure days, and access to information on smoke mitigation were positively associated with the implementation. Given the importance of information access for implementation for three of the measures, we also present data on how different age groups prefer to be contacted about air quality and smoke mitigation. For example, participants above 65 years of age prefer local TV as opposed to social media, whereas text messages were favored by all age groups. These survey results will help to inform the design of campaigns to engage community members differentially and potentially affect best communication practices and other assistance/preparation for smoke mitigation across demographics.
Language diversity, gender inequality, and aggregate productivity in Canada
Authors: Abdulla Kanat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying sources of barriers to occupational mobility is central to evaluating the efficiency of the labor market. In this paper, we present an augmented Roy model in which workers self‐select into occupations, subject to labor market barriers that are specific to their socio‐linguistic group. Our findings provide evidence of differences in labor market outcomes across gender and linguistic groups in Canada. We argue that these differences could be attributed to barriers to labor mobility and that the reduction of these disparities would result in higher aggregate productivity in the country. In the augmented Roy model, the frictions result in inefficient allocation of labor across occupations. The study quantifies the change in aggregate productivity that would result from reducing the friction. The elimination of the frictions increased aggregate output on average by 6.2% and 4.4% in 1991 and 2011, respectively. This finding highlights the importance of reducing language barriers and gender inequality in the labor market. We provide policy recommendations for mitigating the disparities in socioeconomic outcomes between gender and linguistic groups.
Uterine scars after caesarean delivery: From histology to the molecular and ultrastructural level
Authors: Paping Alexander , Basler Clara , Ehrlich Loreen , Fasting Carlo , Melchior Kerstin , Ziska Thomas , Thiele Mario , Duda Georg N. , Timm Sara , Ochs Matthias , Rancourt Rebecca C. , Henrich Wolfgang , Braun Thorsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUterine rupture during a trial of labor after caesarean delivery (CD) is a serious complication for mother and fetus. The lack of knowledge on histological features and molecular pathways of uterine wound healing has hindered research in this area from evolving over time. We analysed collagen content and turnover in uterine scars on a histological, molecular and ultrastructural level. Therefore, tissue samples from the lower uterine segment were obtained during CD from 16 pregnant women with at least one previous CD, from 16 pregnant women without previous CD, and from 16 non‐pregnant premenopausal women after hysterectomy for a benign disease. Histomorphometrical collagen quantification showed, that the collagen content of the scar area in uterine wall specimens after previous CD was significantly higher than in the unscarred myometrium of the same women and the control groups. Quantitative real‐time PCR of uterine scar tissue from FFPE samples delineated by laser microdissection yielded a significantly higher COL3A1 expression and a significantly lower COL1A2/COL3A1 ratio in scarred uteri than in samples from unscarred uteri. Histological collagen content and the expression of COL1A2 and COL3A1 were positively correlated, while COL1A2/COL3A1 ratio was negatively correlated with the histological collagen content. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a destroyed myometrial ultrastructure in uterine scars with increased collagen density. We conclude that the high collagen content in uterine scars results from an ongoing overexpression of collagen I and III. This is a proof of concept to enable further analyses of specific factors that mediate uterine wound healing.