bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An additional Gibbs' state for the cubic Schrödinger equation on the circle
Authors: Vaninsky K. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn invariant Gibbs' state for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the circle was constructed by Bourgain [2,3] and McKean [6] out of the basic Hamiltonian using a trigonometric cutoff. The cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation is a completely integrable system having an infinite number of additional integrals of motion. In this paper we construct the second invariant Gibbs' state from one of these additional integrals for the cubic NLS on the circle. This additional Gibbs' state is singular with respect to the Gibbs' state previously constructed from the basic Hamiltonian. Our approach employs the Ablowitz‐Ladik system, a completely integrable discretization of the cubic Schrödinger equation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling and testing object‐oriented distributed systems with linear‐time temporal logic
Authors: Dietrich F. , Logean X. , Hubaux J.‐P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a framework for constructing formal models of object‐oriented distributed systems and a property language to express behavioral constraints in such models. Most of the existing models have their origin in specific mathematical notations and/or concepts. In contrast, we have developed our model such that it accounts for a large set of phenomena associated with industrial implementations of object‐oriented distributed systems. The model that we propose, while closer to industrial concerns and practice, still has the powerful features of formal approaches. It also offers the possibility to automatically check at service run‐time that the final service implementation has not violated and is not violating properties expressed at the abstraction level of our model. In our model, which relies on event‐based behavioral abstraction, we use linear‐time temporal logic as the underlying formalism for the specification of properties. We introduce two novel operators which are especially useful for object‐oriented systems and which provide a number of advantages over the well‐known temporal logic operators. A recent decision of one of our industrial partners to adopt our proposal into one of their development platforms can be seen as a strong evidence of the relevance of our work and as a promising step towards a better understanding between the academic formal methods community and industry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space–time tradeoffs for parallel 3D reconstruction algorithms for virus‐structure determination
Authors: Marinescu Dan C. , Ji Yongchang , Lynch Robert E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 3D electron‐density determination of viruses, from experimental data provided by electron microscopy, is a data‐intensive computation that requires the use of clusters of PCs or parallel computers. In this paper we report on three parallel algorithms used for 3D reconstruction of asymmetric objects from their 2D projections. We discuss their computational, communication, I/O, and space requirements and present some performance data. The algorithms are general and can be used for 3D reconstruction of asymmetric objects for applications other than structural biology. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced concurrency control in Java
Authors: Felber Pascal , Reiter Michael K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeveloping concurrent applications is not a trivial task. As programs grow larger and become more complex, advanced concurrency control mechanisms are needed to ensure that application consistency is not compromised. Managing mutual exclusion on a per‐object basis is not sufficient to guarantee isolation of sets of semantically‐related actions. In this paper, we consider ‘atomic blocks’, a simple and lightweight concurrency control paradigm that enables arbitrary blocks of code to access multiple shared objects in isolation. We evaluate various strategies for implementing atomic blocks in Java, in such a way that concurrency control is transparent to the programmer, isolation is preserved, and concurrency is maximized. We discuss these concurrency control strategies and evaluate them in terms of complexity and performance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation and autobiographical memory specificity
Authors: Wessel Ineke , Merckelbach Harald , Kessels Chantal , Horselenberg Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOvergeneral autobiographical memory refers to a relative inability to respond to cue‐words with memories for specific events. The present study explored the relation between overgeneral memories and dissociative tendencies. Autobiographical memory performance of college students with high self‐reported dissociation was compared to that of students with low dissociation scores. Two different hypotheses were tested. The first assumes that dissociation reflects an avoidant information processing style. If true, the high dissociation group would be expected to display fewer specific memories than low‐dissociative individuals. The second hypothesis builds on the finding that dissociation overlaps with fantasy proneness. To the extent that fantasy proneness implicates good story‐telling abilities, one expects high dissociation individuals to display more rather than less specific memories. The results show that autobiographical memory did not differ between high and low dissociation groups, although group differences were found with regard to fantasy proneness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BD Biosciences contributions in CD4 counting and immune status for HIV/AIDS
Authors: Hoffman Robert A. , Maino Vernon C. , Recktenwald Diether J. , Webster H. Kyle 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBD Biosciences is a leader in the use of flow cytometry for determining immune system status and for counting CD4 cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The company has gained this position through many years of basic research and product development in immunology and cell biology, dye chemistry, immunoassays, instrumentation, and software. Some of the highlights of these developments and their historical perspective are described in this review. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:129–132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concatenated coding schemes and interleaving techniques over Rayleigh fading ionospheric channels
Authors: Nissopoulos I. K. , Dimakis C. E. , Kouris S. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper the performance of a concatenated coding scheme is evaluated over a slow Rayleigh fading HF ionospheric link with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Well‐known Ungerboeck TCM techniques onto an 8‐PSK signal set are used as inner codes and Reed–Solomon block codes as outer codes. The coded/modulated signal is further differentially encoded before transmission to combat random phase changes. Block interleaving techniques are necessary to randomise long bursts of errors caused by the fading channel. The performance of the proposed concatenated coding system is investigated for various Doppler spreads. Significant coding gains are achieved over uncoded, diversity or other conventionally coded systems with a small bandwidth expansion. Finally the interesting effects of interleaving on the behaviour of the proposed systems are analysed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design alternatives for wireless local area networks
Authors: Nicopolitidis P. , Papadimitriou G. I. , Pomportsis A. S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper an overview of the wireless local area network (LAN) area is provided. The two types of wireless LAN topologies used today, infrastructure and ad hoc, are presented. The requirements that a wireless LAN is expected to meet are discussed. These requirements impact on the implementation of both the Physical and MAC layer of a wireless LAN. The unique characteristics of wireless physical layers are discussed and the five technology alternatives used today are presented. MAC layer issues are discussed and the two existing standards, IEEE 802.11 and HIPERLAN 1, are examined. Polling‐based MAC protocols (RAP, GRAP) are also reviewed. Finally, an introduction is made to wireless technologies that interact with WLANs, such as personal area networking (PAN) and wireless ATM and an overview of HIPERLAN 2, a WLAN using ATM technology, is provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time bandwidth renegotiation through learnt behaviour
Authors: Griffiths J. M. , Cuthbert L. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn many cases traffic is aggregated from several sources, or simply has no well‐understood characteristics, and so it is difficult for the user to decide the basis on which bandwidth should be demanded. A strategy is described to determine the optimum way to decide when to renegotiate the traffic capacity provided in ATM and similar systems. The performance of the strategy is evaluated using simulations on traffic with theoretical distributions and also on recorded real traffic. The strategy appears to work and the results give insights into the very limited benefits obtained by increasing the granularity of the rates provided. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asynchronous orthogonal decision‐feedback multiuser detector (AODFD) and its alternative decoding strategies
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Hwa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a new CDMA multiuser detector, asynchronous orthogonal decision‐feedback detector (AODFD), and its alternative decoding schemes. The proposed AODFD does not require an infinitely long whiten filter in its feed‐forward stage, however, which is necessary in the traditional ADDFD detector reported in the literature. The updating algorithm of the AODFD detector is also much simplified if compared with that of ADDFD that requires computational intensive z‐transformed matrix inversion and spectral factorization. Results show that, despite its low complexity, the AODFD performs very well under multiple access interference. The proposed two new decoding strategies can also be chosen to cater for different operating scenarios. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of LIBTA/hybrid time‐slot selection algorithm for cellular systems
Authors: Wen Jyh‐Horng , Chen Wen‐Jiang , Lin Shang‐Yo , Huang Kuo‐Ting 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the performance of radio assignment algorithms for portable access in cellular systems. Several channel access procedures are proposed and simulated using block oriented network simulator (BONeS) simulation of a model 36‐port system. Simulation results exhibit that load‐sharing system with LIBTA algorithm is better than directed retry system with the same algorithm by around 0.9 erlangs while better than quasi‐fixed channel assignment (QFCA) system by around 2 erlangs if the grade of service (GOS) is constrained to less than 10 per cent. Plus, a hybrid time‐slot selection procedure is proposed to enhance the system performance. It is observed that systems with hybrid time‐slot selection perform better than those with LIBTA algorithm in GOS under heavy load. It is also observed that load sharing system with hybrid time‐slot selection algorithm is better than directed retry system with the same algorithm by around 0.7 erlangs and better than QFCA system by around 2 erlangs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unfairness of measurement‐based admission controls in a heterogeneous environment
Authors: Lai Yuan‐Cheng , Tsai Sheng‐Fu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdmission controls are required to determine whether new connections should be admitted to networks. These controls ensure the quality of service (QoS) for data transmission. This paper introduces three measurement‐based admission control algorithms called Measured Sum, Hoeffding Bound, and Adaptive Weight Factor. The unfairness of these algorithms in a heterogeneous environment is investigated. Simulation results indicate that the fairness of the Measured Sum exceeds that of the other methods. Admission of connections with large peak rates or travelling many hops can be difficult. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of Auto Cyto Fix (membrane filter method) for the application of immunohistochemistry
Authors: Iijima Junko , Shiina Yoshio , Ohkoudo Mitsuaki , Sakuma Kanae 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe developed the Auto Cyto Fix (ACF) 1000 as an experimental model, which was adapted as a membrane filter method for automatically making smear preparations fixed with 95% ethanol. In this study, immunohistochemistry was applied to the cells smeared on the membrane filter, and effectiveness was examined.Twenty‐four effusions and HeLa 229 cells were used. These cell samples were produced by the ACF1000 on the membrane filter and stained by the Papanicolaou method. After observation, these were decolored and stained by immunohistochemical techniques. Antibodies included CEA, EMA, and MIB‐1. CEA and EMA were detected by the indirect method, and were colored by DAB, AEC, and new fuchsin. MIB‐1 was detected by the immunoperoxidase (LSAB) and the immunofluorescence method.A uniformly stabilized immunoreaction was obtained and was equivalent to or better than that of the conventional technique. In addition, there was no background staining on the membrane filter.Based on these results, the membrane filter preparation produced by the ACF1000 was also effectively applied to immunohistochemical observations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:56–60. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of follicular lymphoma: Cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Saikia Uma Nahar , Dey Pranab , Saikia Biman , Das Ashim 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFollicular lymphoma is a relatively uncommon type of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) thought to derive from follicular center cells. There are limitations to fine‐needle aspiration in the diagnosis of follicular NHL, and very few studies are available on it. We describe here the cytomorphologic features of eight biopsy‐proven cases of follicular NHLs and five biopsy‐proven cases of intermediate‐grade NHLs. Five cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) diagnosed on cytology were also studied cytomorphologically. Image morphometry was done in follicular and intermediate‐grade NHLs, immunocytochemistry was done in follicular and intermediate‐grade NHLs, and immunocytochemistry for bcl‐2 expression was studied in five cases of follicular NHLs. The aspirate smears of follicular NHL showed the presence of higher grades, many to abundant (++ to +++) monomorphic lymphoid aggregates, with an increased number of mast cells. Lymphohistiocytic tangles and tingible body macrophages were not observed in any of the cases. Cytomorphologically, all the cases of intermediate‐grade NHL showed a predominantly monomorphic population of lymphoid cells with absent or few grades (+) of lymphoid aggregates. Image morphometric data analysis of each cell parameter for follicular and intermediate‐grade NHLs were found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) and hence of little help in diagnosis of follicular vs. low‐grade NHLs. Immunocytochemistry for bcl‐2 expression in follicular NHL showed variable results, ranging from 0–90% (expressed as bcl‐2 index). Certain characteristic cytomorphological features such as the presence of monomorphic lymphoid cell aggregates and an increased number of mast cells are soft indicators for the diagnosis of follicular NHL on aspiration smears. Immunocytochemistry for bcl‐2 expression may be of help in cases with clinical and cytological suspicion of lymphoma. Image morphometry has a small role in this regard. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:251–256. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amylase crystalloids in salivary gland lesions: Report of a case with a review of the literature
Authors: López‐Ríos Fernando , Díaz‐Bustamante Teresa , Serrano‐Egea A. , Jiménez Juan , de Agustín Pedro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSeveral types of crystalloids may be found in fine‐needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions. Amylase crystalloids (sometimes referred to as nontyrosine crystalloids) are tabular structures with frequent pointed ends that have received little attention until recent years. We report on a parotid cyst containing the latter type of crystalloids in a 51‐yr‐old white woman. The cytologic and radiologic findings were diagnostic of sialolithiasis. To the best of our knowledge, amylase crystalloids have been observed only in benign salivary gland lesions. Although this statement may be helpful in the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with parotid lumps, we do not recommend rendering a specific diagnosis based on the presence of such crystalloids. Good clinical and radiological correlation, as well as close follow‐up, is mandatory in this setting. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:59–62, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extraction of DNA from oral cytological samples by scraping and smear method suitable for restriction site mutation analysis: A pilot study
Authors: Mollaoglu N. , Wilson M.J. , Cowpe J.G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe restriction site mutation assay (RSM) can be used to measure base changes which occur in the DNA coding for bacterial restriction enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DNA, of sufficient quantity and quality for analysis by RSM, could be extracted from cells collected from precancerous lesions using a cytological smear technique. Six smears were collected from each of five lesions of leukoplakia displaying a variety of clinical appearances. Three methods for the extraction of DNA were compared. The commercial extraction method was shown to be most convenient and reproducible, routinely providing 1–5 μg of DNA per sample. Cell populations collected by a cytological smear technique can provide DNA of sufficient quantity and quality for analysis of RSM. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:83–85. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Routine use of ThinPrep® method in fine‐needle aspiration material as an adjunct to standard smears
Authors: Salhadar Alia , Massarini‐Wafai Razan , Wojcik Eva M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of routine use of ThinPrep® in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) material as an adjunct to standard smears. We reviewed 50 consecutive, satisfactory‐for‐evaluation FNA materials in which ThinPrep® slides were obtained. In each case, Diff‐Quik‐stained and Papanicolaou‐stained smears were initially prepared, and the ThinPrep® slide was made from the needle/syringe rinse. Smears and ThinPrep® slides were evaluated for the presence of diagnostic material. In addition, the following questions were addressed: could the final diagnosis be made based on smears only, and did the ThinPrep® method add any additional information to the diagnosis? Smears were satisfactory for evaluation in 49/50 cases, and in one case diagnostic material was present on the ThinPrep® slide only. Thirty‐two out of 50 ThinPrep® slides contained material sufficient for evaluation. In 46/50 (92%) cases, final diagnoses could be made based on smears only. In 2 cases, ThinPrep® slides showed additional diagnostic material, and in another 2 cases were critical for the diagnosis. The routine use of ThinPrep® as an adjunct preparatory method to FNA material is not justified, and is associated with an additional, potentially nonreimbursable cost. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:101–103. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of concurrent Papanicolaou smear at time of cervical biopsy
Authors: Panos John C. , Jones Bruce A. , Mazzara Paul F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reliability and cost‐effectiveness of a repeat Papanicolaou (Pap) smear performed at the time of colposcopic biopsy is uncertain. To evaluate the usefulness of this practice, Pap smear and biopsy results of 718 patients were reviewed and compared: 619 patients had Pap smears performed prior to colposcopy with a 1.1% false‐negative rate, 97.5% sensitivity, and 83.6% positive predictive value. Ninety‐nine patients had Pap smears performed at the time of colposcopy with a 19.1% false‐negative rate, 56.8% sensitivity, and 92.6% positive predictive value. Repeat Pap smear at the time of colposcopy resulted in significant changes in the management of only 2 patients (2%) and more careful follow‐up in one (1%). Pap smears performed at colposcopic biopsy are less sensitive than those done prior to biopsy (P < 0.001). The clinical benefit of this practice is marginal, considering the added costs and potential detrimental effects to the colposcopic examination, provided patients receive adequate follow‐up. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:270–273, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic polymorphisms of the human P2X7 receptor and relationship to function
Authors: Wiley James S. , Gu Ben J. , Zhang Weiyi , Worthington Rebecca A. , Dao‐Ung Phuong , Shemon Anne N. , Sluyter Ronald , Liang Simon , Barden Julian A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtracellular ATP has been shown to induce apoptotic death of many cell types of hematopoietic origin. This action of ATP is mediated via activation of P2X7 purinergic receptors, which show the unusual property of time‐dependent channel dilation to accept permeants as large as ethidium cation (314 Da). P2X7 function, measured by area under the ATP‐induced ethidium uptake curve, was 5‐fold greater for monocytes than lymphocytes, while polymorphs and platelets showed no ethidium uptake. Expression of P2X7 receptor, measured by the binding of a monoclonal antibody, was also 5‐fold greater on monocytes than lymphocytes. However, in some subjects, both normal and with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the P2X7 receptor was nonfunctional despite good expression of P2X7 protein. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the P2X7 cDNA coding region, one of which correlated with P2X7 function. Thus, the homozygous substitution of alanine for glutamic acid at amino acid 496 led to complete loss of function of the P2X7 receptor, while the heterozygous polymorphism gave function half that of the germline P2X7 receptor. Drug Dev. Res. 53:72–76, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.