bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frameworks for measuring population health: A scoping review
Authors: Chan Sze Ling , Ho Clement Zhong Hao , Khaing Nang Ei Ei , Ho Ezra , Pong Candelyn , Guan Jia Sheng , Chua Calida , Li Zongbin , Lim Trudi , Lam Sean Shao Wei , Low Lian Leng , How Choon How 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMany regions in the world are using the population health approach and require a means to measure the health of their population of interest. Population health frameworks provide a theoretical grounding for conceptualization of population health and therefore a logical basis for selection of indicators. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview and summary of the characteristics of existing population health frameworks that have been used to conceptualize the measurement of population health.MethodsWe used the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) framework to define eligibility criteria of frameworks. We were interested in frameworks applicable for general populations, that contained components of measurement of health with or without its antecedents and applied at the population level or used a population health approach. Eligible reports of eligible frameworks should include at least domains and subdomains, purpose, or indicators. We searched 5 databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, NYAM Grey Literature Report, and OpenGrey), governmental and organizational sites on Google and websites of selected organizations using keywords from the PCC framework. Characteristics of the frameworks were summarized descriptively and narratively.ResultsFifty-seven frameworks were included. The majority originated from the US (46%), Europe (23%) and Canada (19%). Apart from 1 framework developed for rural populations and 2 for indigenous populations, the rest were for general urban populations. The numbers of domains, subdomains and indicators were highly variable. Health status and social determinants of health were the most common domains across all frameworks. Different frameworks had different priorities and therefore focus on different domains.ConclusionKey domains common across frameworks other than health status were social determinants of health, health behaviours and healthcare system performance. The results in this review serve as a useful resource for governments and healthcare organizations for informing their population health measurement efforts.
Inflammatory markers in world trade center workers with asthma: Associations with post traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wisnivesky Juan P. , Agrawal Nikita , Ankam Jyoti , Gonzalez Adam , Federman Alex , Markowitz Steven B. , Birmingham Janette M. , Busse Paula J. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) is associated with worse asthma outcomes in individuals exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) site.

Research question
Do WTC workers with coexisting PTSD and asthma have a specific inflammatory pattern that underlies the relationship with increased asthma morbidity?

Study design and methods
We collected data on a cohort of WTC workers with asthma recruited from the WTC Health Program. Diagnosis of PTSD was ascertained with a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders) and the severity of PTSD symptoms was assessed with the PTSD Checklist 5. We obtained blood and sputum samples to measure cytokines levels in study participants.

Results
Of the 232 WTC workers with diagnosis of asthma in the study, 75 (32%) had PTSD. PTSD was significantly associated with worse asthma control (p = 0.002) and increased resource utilization (p = 0.0002). There was no significant association (p>0.05) between most blood or sputum cytokines with PTSD diagnosis or PCL-5 scores both in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.

Interpretation
Our results suggest that PTSD is not associated with blood and sputum inflammatory markers in WTC workers with asthma. These findings suggest that other mechanisms likely explain the association between PTSD and asthma control in WTC exposed individuals.
College preparation for a medical career in the United States
Authors: Malvitz Madelyn , Khan Noreen , Morgenstern Lewis B. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
A college degree is required to enter medical school in the United States. A remarkably high percentage of students entering college have pre-medical aspirations but relatively few end up as medical students. As an “applied science”, education about medicine is usually thought to be beyond the purview of a liberal arts curriculum. Students therefore receive little education about a medical career, or information about the many alternative careers in health science. Instead, they take courses for Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) preparation and medical school application prerequisites in biology, chemistry, physics, and math. These classes give them little insight into a real medical career. The current report considers this mismatch between student needs in health science and available resources in colleges across the United States.

Methods
A Collective Case Series framework was used to obtain qualitative data. Key informant interviews were requested from a convenience sample of representatives from 20 colleges, with six colleges providing extensive data. Three institutions collected data specifically on students who matriculated college interested in a career as a physician.

Results
At these schools, one-half to one-quarter of students who said they were interested in medicine at the beginning of college ended up not applying to medical school. At each of the six schools, we saw a wide range of generally sparse academic and professional advising involvement and a very limited number of classes that discussed concepts directly related to careers in health science.

Conclusions
Looking at this data, we provide a novel conceptual model as a potential testable solution to the problem of an underexposed and unprepared student population interested in medicine. This includes a brief series of courses intended to inform students about what a career in medicine would fully entail to help foster core competencies of empathy, compassion and resilience.
Patrones de crecimiento durante los primeros dos años de vida en niños con antecedentes de asfixia perinatal tratados con hipotermia terapéutica: estudio retrospectivo longitudinal
Authors: Hernández Real Miguel Angel , Sánchez Jesús María Magdalena , Muñoz-Ledo Rábago Patricia , Mandujano Valdés Mario António , Rodríguez Flores María 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: La asfixia perinatal (AP) es una complicación obstétrica de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de alteraciones orgánicas y funcionales que pueden conllevar a estados de malnutrición infantil, con todos los efectos adversos que estos suponen sobre la salud y desarrollo humano. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir los patrones de crecimiento físico presentados durante los primeros dos años de vida en una muestra de niños con antecedentes de AP.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal, en 52 casos de niños con antecedentes de AP que asistieron a un programa de seguimiento y cuidado integral durante los primeros 24 meses de edad. Las tendencias de crecimiento se determinaron con base en lo establecido por la OMS (2006), clasificando a los niños de acuerdo con los cambios observados en el puntaje z de los indicadores antropométricos. Todos los niños elegidos para el estudio fueron tratados con hipotermia terapéutica.
Resultados: 38.5% de los casos presentaron trayectorias de desnutrición sin recuperación, siendo la desnutrición crónica la alteración predominante. El retraso en el crecimiento intrauterino (RP = 1.61, IC95%: 1.028 – 2.529), la razón peso-longitud para la edad gestacional menor al percentil 10 (RP= 1.37, IC95%: 1.021 – 1.849), el trabajo (RP = 1.59, IC95%: 1.119 – 2.265) y un menor nivel educativo de la madre (RP = 1.40, IC 95%: 1.041 – 1.899), se asociaron significativamente con la desnutrición infantil.
Conclusiones: Las trayectorias de desnutrición representaron un problema frecuente en el grupo de estudio por lo que se considera importante continuar esta línea de investigación a fin de determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones del crecimiento en niños con esta y otras condiciones patológicas.
TLR7 activation by imiquimod worsens glycemic control in female FVB/N mice consuming a high‐fat diet
Authors: Kakalij Rahul M. , Dsouza Del L. , Ha LiGyeom , Boesen Erika I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractToll‐like receptor‐7 (TLR7) activation promotes autoimmunity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common comorbidity in patients with autoimmune disease. We previously demonstrated hyperinsulinemia in TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ)‐treated, high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed female C57BL/6 mice. Since mouse strains differ in susceptibility to MetS and target organ damage, this study investigated whether 12 weeks of exposure to HFD and IMQ promoted MetS, autoimmunity, and target organ damage in female FVB/N mice. Supporting early‐stage autoimmunity, spleen‐to‐tibia ratio, and anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA) were significantly increased by IMQ. No significant effect of IMQ on urinary albumin excretion or left ventricular hypertrophy was observed. HFD increased liver‐to‐tibia ratio, which was further exacerbated by IMQ. HFD increased fasting blood glucose levels at the end of 12 weeks, but there was no significant effect of IMQ treatment on fasting blood glucose levels at 6 or 12 weeks of treatment. However, oral glucose tolerance testing at 12 weeks revealed impaired glucose tolerance in HFD‐fed mice compared to control diet mice together with IMQ treatment exacerbating the impairment. Accordingly, these data suggest TLR7 activation also exacerbates HFD‐induced dysregulation of glucose handling FVB/N mice, supporting the possibility that endogenous TLR7 activation may contribute to dysglycemia in patients with autoimmune disease.
Prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review
Authors: Mink Sylvia , Reimann Patrick , Fraunberger Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Globally, over 772 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported. New variants of interest with corresponding spikes in case numbers continue to be identified. Vulnerable patients, including older adults or patients with severe comorbidities, continue to be at risk. A large body of evidence has been accumulated regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and COVID-19 but the usefulness of antibody measurements remains unclear. This systematic review aims to assess the prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and their usefulness for guiding booster vaccinations.

Methods
Studies in English and published between January 2020 and October 2023 were included. Studies that relied on multiparameter-models or comprised fewer than 100 participants were excluded. PubMed and via the WHO COVID-19 research database, Embase and Medline databases were searched. Study selection and quality assessment was conducted independently by two researchers.

Results
After screening 1,160 studies, 33 studies comprising >30 million individuals were included. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies were strongly associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2-infection and better outcomes, including mortality. Risk of infection and COVID-19 severity decreased with increasing antibody levels.

Conclusions
Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies are useful for early identification of high-risk patients and timely adjustment of therapy. Protective thresholds may be applied to advise booster vaccinations but verification in separate cohorts is required.
Synthesis of hydroxyapatite matrix Ag and CNT particle reinforced hybrid biocomposites with improved mechanical and antibacterial properties
Authors: Özkaya Serdar , Çanakçi Aykut , Karabacak A. Hasan , Çelebi Müslim , Çanakçi Sabriye , Ceylan Esma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is an important biomaterial for orthopaedic applications due to its high structural similarity to human bone. However, weak mechanical and antibacterial properties limit the use of hydroxyapatite compared to metallic implants such as Ti and 316L alloys for direct use in the human skeleton. To overcome these shortcomings, we have prepared hydroxyapatite matrix silver and carbon nanotube reinforced biocomposites. Silver particles have beneficial effects on biomaterials due to their effective antibacterial activity. In addition, CNT particles are known for their high strength and their ability to improve the mechanical properties of composite materials. To prepare the hydroxyapatite-based composites, the powder blends with different reinforcement types (Ag, CNT) and ratios were ground using a planetary ball mill. The biocomposite powders were then cold pressed under 500 MPa pressure to obtain green samples. The sintering process was carried out at 1200 °C for 4 h. The microstructural and structural investigations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. In order to better evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples, hardness measurements, compression and fracture tests were carried out. Antibacterial tests were also carried out against various micro-organisms. Both types of reinforcement were found to be effective in improving the mechanical properties. In addition, it was observed that CNT reinforcement slightly increased the antibacterial resistance, but silver-reinforced samples provided excellent antibacterial resistance.
Ambivalent or beneficial? An ecological discourse analysis of news reports on the adventures of China’s wandering elephants
Authors: Zhang Jianxin , Cheng Lulu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Based on the ecosophy of “diversity and harmony, interaction and co-existence”, the present study analyzes the characteristics of the attitude system of news reports on the adventures of China’s wandering elephants in China Daily to investigate whether the reports belong to ambivalent or beneficial discourse from the perspective of ecological discourse analysis. The findings show that judgement and appreciation resources are more frequently used than affect resources; negative resources are fewer than positive ones but some negative resources also have positive functions; more attention has been paid to human protection measures than to animals; besides, beneficial discourse accounts for the highest proportion, which shows China’s concept of ecological civilization. Based on the above analysis, suggestions are proposed for news discourse in communicating China’s ecological civilization: showing personal rather than general emotional experience in animal protection to express Chinese people’s love and concern for animals, appreciating positive emotions and the mutual helping behaviour of animals to express ecological consciousness indirectly, and taking full advantage of the links between affect, judgement and appreciation to express the moral judgement.
Downregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma model via doxorubicin nanobubble combined with ultrasound
Authors: Li Rong , Lu Liugui , Huang Zhaoxi , Gao Yong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether doxorubicin nanobubbles (DOX-NB) combined with diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) irradiation could downregulate the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in mouse xenograft nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) model. In this study, the prepared DOX-NB was round and well dispersed. The average diameter of DOX-NB was 250.9 ± 50.8 nm, with an average polydispersity of 0.321 ± 0.05. The cumulative release of DOX in the DOX-NB + DUS group was significantly higher compared with that of the DOX-NB group (p < 0.05). DOX-NB combined with DUS irradiation could significantly inhibit cell viability (p < 0.05). The expression of CAIX and microvessel density (MVD) in the xenografted tumors was the lowest in the DOX-NB + DUS group compared with that of other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DOX-NB combined with DUS irradiation could improve DOX-NB drug release and synergistically inhibit NPC cell activity. DOX-NB combined with DUS irradiation can downregulate the expression of CAIX in mouse xenograft NPC model. This may be due to the synergistic effect of DUS combined with DOX-NB in reducing MVD in NPC.
Recent advancements in polyoxometalate-functionalized fiber materials: A review
Authors: Liang Zhijie , Yao Yiqing , Wang Haifeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The development of advanced composite materials based on polyoxometalates (POMs) and fibers has attracted significant attention due to their combination of the unique chemical reactivity of POMs and the flexible wearable properties of fiber materials. The exceptional properties exhibited by those resultant composites have been widely employed in catalysis and optical sensors. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of progress on POMs functionalized fiber materials involving the preparation methods, namely, electrostatic spinning and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods, as well as the developments in the fields of catalysis, photochromism, and photoluminescence. Current applications are critically assessed and promising future target systems are discussed.
Total chemical synthesis of PSMA-617: an API for prostate cancer endotherapeutic applications
Authors: Kumar Kalangattu Sundaran Ajish , Mathur Anupam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Synthesis of PSMA-617, a peptide based ligand used in the preparation of nuclear medicine, 177Lu-PSMA-617, for the treatment of prostate cancer, is demonstrated in 6 steps, starting from appropriately protected amino acid building blocks. A solution phase Boc-strategy was adopted for the synthesis of peptide, wherein deprotection of carbamate group using HCl (g), was employed as the key step. The synthesis furnished PSMA-617 in purity >99.5 % as confirmed by HPLC analysis. ESI-MS and NMR analysis supported the structural integrity of the compound. The synthesized ligand was radiolabelled using 177Lu to generate the desired radiopharmaceutical, 177Lu-PSMA-617, in radiochemical purity >98 %, as revealed by radio HPLC and TLC analysis. This establishes its potential as a nuclear medicine for therapeutic application.
Effect of superplasticizer in geopolymer and alkali-activated cement mortar/concrete: A review
Authors: Anudeep Potluri , Reddy M. Achyutha Kumar , Khed Veerendrakumar C. , Adamu Musa , Varalakshmi Mada , Ibrahim Yasser E. , Ahmed Omar Shabbir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The cement and construction industry creates around 10% of the global carbon footprint. Geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete provide a sustainable solution to conventional concrete. Due to its disadvantages, the practical usage of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete is limited. Workability is one of the issues faced in developing geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. Plenty of research was conducted to provide a solution to enhance the ability to use different superplasticizers (SPs). The present article extensively reviews the effects of SPs on geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. The research articles published in the last 5 years in high-quality journals are considered for the chemical composition of the different SPs and analyses of their exact impact on geopolymer and alkali-activated cement mortar and concrete. Later, the impact of SPs on the normal consistency and setting times of cement mortar, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, microstructure, and water absorption of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete was determined. SPs improve the geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes upon their use in desired dosages; more dosage leads to negative effects. Therefore, selecting the optimal superplasticizer is essential since it impacts the performance of the geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete.
Agricultural waste upcycling into improved production of triacyl glycerol acyl hydrolases
Authors: Majeed Hammad , Iftikhar Tehreema , Siddique Alia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Agricultural waste upcycling is crucial in the context of climate change. Utilizing seven agricultural by-products as basal substrates, coconut meal (Cocos nucifera) emerged as the most efficient, supporting the highest extracellular lipase (triacyl glycerol acyl hydrolases) yield i.e., 5.27 ± 1.75a U mL−1. This study explored the production of extracellular lipases through solid-state fermentation by using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger, wild and mutant strains. Optimization experiments revealed that 30 g of coconut meal resulted is optimal for supporting highest lipases activity of 6.16 ± 0.16a U mL−1. Incubation at 30 °C, 1 mL inoculum size, and distilled water as a diluent further enhanced lipolytic activity. The study identified sucrose as the preferred carbon source, with 4 % concentration demonstrating the highest activity at 13.66 ± 0.33a U mL−1. Supplementary sources like 1 % olive oil and nitrogen sources such as ammonium chloride and peptone significantly increased lipases production. Magnesium sulfate (0.25 %) among metal ions exhibited the highest lipolytic potential i.e., 19.98 ± 0.01a U mL−1. The crude lipases displayed optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 30 °C, with positive effects observed for Fe2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, while Co2+, Na+, and Hg2+ had negative impacts on lipases activity. This research not only contributes to understanding the factors influencing lipase production and activity, but also serves as an agricultural waste upcycling technique.
Longer Ground Contact Time Is Related to a Superior Running Economy in Highly Trained Distance Runners
Authors: Tanji Fumiya , Ohnuma Hayato , Ando Ryosuke , Yamanaka Ryo , Ikeda Tatsuaki , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tanji, F, Ohnuma, H, Ando, R, Yamanaka, R, Ikeda, T, and Suzuki, Y. Longer ground contact time is related to a superior running economy in highly trained distance runners. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Running economy is a key component of distance running performance and is associated with gait parameters. However, there is no consensus of the link between the running economy (RE), ground contact time, and footstrike patterns. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between RE, ground contact time, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in highly trained distance runners and to compare these parameters between 2 habitual footstrike patterns (midfoot vs. rearfoot). Seventeen male distance runners ran on a treadmill to measure RE and gait parameters. We collected the CSAs of the right thigh muscle using a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The RE had a significant negative relationship with distance running performance (r = −0.50) and ground contact time (r = −0.51). The ground contact time had a significant negative relationship with the normalized CSAs of the vastus lateralis muscle (r = −0.60) and hamstrings (r = −0.54). No significant differences were found in RE, ground contact time, or normalized CSAs of muscles between midfoot (n = 10) and rearfoot (n = 7) strikers. These results suggest that large CSAs of knee extensor muscles results in short ground contact time and worse RE. The effects of the footstrike pattern on the RE appear insignificant, and the preferred footstrike pattern can be recommended for running in highly trained runners.