bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marriage and mortality in bladder carcinoma
Authors: Gore John L. , Kwan Lorna , Saigal Christopher S. , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBeing married confers significant benefits in survival for patients with a variety of chronic conditions including breast and prostate carcinoma. The authors attempted to determine whether marital status is associated with survival in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma.METHODSThe authors identified 7262 subjects from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results public‐use database who underwent radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. They performed survival analyses using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. The authors created multivariate models to evaluate the independent association between marital status and survival, controlling for pathologic stage, lymph node status, age, race/ethnicity, and gender.RESULTSMarried subjects were older and more often male, white, and had earlier disease stage at diagnosis. Married subjects had significantly better survival than did single or widowed subjects (P < 0.001), and married subjects revealed a trend toward better survival than separated/divorced subjects (P = 0.20). Multivariate modeling revealed that compared with single subjects, those who were married had better survival, independent of age at the time of diagnosis, gender, race/ethnicity, disease stage, and lymph node status (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSMarriage was associated with improved survival in patients with bladder carcinoma, independent of other factors known to influence mortality in this population. Although the mechanisms underlying this survival advantage are unknown, possibilities include differences in cancer screening, risk behaviors, and access to medical care. The interaction between psychosocial factors and the body's immune function may further explain the differential survival in this cohort. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Leptomeningeal metastases from small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Seute Tatjana , Leffers Pieter , ten Velde Guul P. M. , Twijnstra Albert 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to investigate the frequency of leptomeningeal metastases (LMM) in patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) as well as the effect of LMM on survival, any correlation between the location of the LMM and survival, and a possible increased risk of LMM among patients with brain metastases (BM) located in the posterior fossa.METHODSBetween 1980–2003, 458 consecutive patients with SCLC were enrolled in the current study. Patients underwent regular neurologic examination and imaging of the brain before, during, and after treatment. The diagnosis of LMM was established by either the presence of malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid or positive clinical symptoms and signs supported by radiologic findings on magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTSThe group of patients in the current study had a 2% prevalence of LMM and the 2‐year cumulative incidence of LMM was found to be 10%. The median survival after the diagnosis of LMM was reported to be 1.3 months. The median survival among patients with LMM located in the spinal cord was 2.4 months. The reported LMM‐free survival 2 years after the diagnosis of SCLC was 78% for patients without BM and 61% for those patients with BM. Approximately 15% of the patients with BM located in the posterior fossa developed LMM, whereas only 10% of patients with cerebral BM did.CONCLUSIONSThe current prospective study found a 2‐year cumulative incidence of LMM of 10%, with a prevalence of 2%. Patients with LMM located in the spinal cord appeared to survive longer than patients with cranial LMM. SCLC patients with BM located in the posterior fossa may be at a higher risk of developing LMM compared with patients with cerebral BM. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Amine Hydration: A United‐Atom Force‐Field Solution
Authors: Oostenbrink Chris , Juchli Daniel , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe free energies of hydration for ammonia and mono‐, di‐, and trimethylated amines experimentally show an unexpected trend that has, in the past, been difficult to reproduce computationally. Absolute and relative free energies of hydration of these compounds were calculated using the OPLS all‐atom and the united‐atom GROMOS force fields. Both force fields reproduce the relative free energy of hydration, but the absolute free energies of hydration were only reproduced within kBT when using the recently developed GROMOS parameter set 53A6. Relative free energies of solvation in chloroform could also be reproduced indicating a proper partitioning of the compounds between polar and apolar media. Overall we conclude that it is possible to resolve the amine hydration problem using a simple united‐atom force field.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma on fine‐needle cytology samples: A report of three cases
Authors: Fulciniti Franco , Mansueto Gelsomina , Vetrani Antonio , Accurso Antonello , Fortunato Adriana , Palombini Lucio 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMetaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) may have a varied presentation on fine‐needle cytology samples. We herewith describe three cases of MBC found in our series. One of these cases showed a peculiar mixture of malignant ductal, apocrine type, and squamous epithelial cells with fascicles of spindle cells with variable degree of atypia and was diagnosed as metaplastic carcinoma of the carcino‐sarcomatous type. The other two lesions were characterized by an abundant chondroid extracellular matrix to which were variably admixed carcinomatous and chondroid‐type cells, with variable degree of atypia. Both these latter cases were defined as matrix‐producing metaplastic carcinomas. Because of the various presentation of MBC on fine‐needle cytology samples and the possible influence of needle “sampling” on the cytological specimen, the spectrum of differential diagnoses to be considered may encompass a number of benign and malignant entities, like keratinous subareolar cysts, malignant fibroepithelial lesions with myxo‐chondroid stroma, and true sarcomas of the breast, with cartilaginous metaplasia. It is the Authors' feeling that, with optimal samples, the cytomorphological findings of this rare variant of breast carcinoma permit its accurate pre‐operative diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33: 205–209. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver
Authors: Gokden Murat , Shinde Anjali 
Published: August 2005

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver can be problematic and may require immunohistochemical work‐up. Recently, new immunohistochemical markers have been introduced with promising results in this area. We studied three of these markers, human hepatocyte antibody (HepPar‐1), human epithelial‐related antigen (MOC‐31), and thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), in cell‐block sections of fine‐needle aspirations from 30 hepatocellular carcinomas and 27 metastatic carcinomas from various sites. Of 27 metastatic carcinomas, all but one were positive for MOC‐31 and, all but one were negative for HepPar‐1. TTF‐1 was positive only in the nuclei of metastatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma from the lung. Of 30 hepatocellular carcinomas, 26 were positive for HepPar‐1 and all were negative for MOC‐31, while TTF‐1 showed cytoplasmic staining in 23 cases. HepPar‐1, MOC‐31, and TTF‐1 are complementary markers in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the liver, with high sensitivity and specificity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:166–172. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brønsted Acid Mediated Double Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Methylenecyclopropanes with Arenes
Authors: Wang Bao‐Yu , Jiang Ri‐Shan , Li Jia , Shi Min 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the Brønsted acid mediated reaction of methylenecyclopropanes with various arenes to give the corresponding double Friedel–Crafts reaction products (cyclized products) under mild conditions. A plausible reaction mechanism is discussed on the basis of deuterium labeling and control experiments. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A preconditioned semi‐staggered dilation‐free finite volume method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on all‐hexahedral elements
Authors: Sahin Mehmet 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new semi‐staggered finite volume method is presented for the solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on all‐quadrilateral (2D)/hexahedral (3D) meshes. The velocity components are defined at element node points while the pressure term is defined at element centroids. The continuity equation is satisfied exactly within each elements. The checkerboard pressure oscillations are prevented using a special filtering matrix as a preconditioner for the saddle‐point problem resulting from second‐order discretization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The preconditioned saddle‐point problem is solved using block preconditioners with GMRES solver. In order to achieve higher performance FORTRAN source code is based on highly efficient PETSc and HYPRE libraries. As test cases the 2D/3D lid‐driven cavity flow problem and the 3D flow past array of circular cylinders are solved in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of upward/downward groundwater fluxes using transient variations of soil profile temperature: test of the method with Voyons (Aube, France) experimental data
Authors: Bendjoudi Hocine , Cheviron Bruno , Guérin Roger , Tabbagh Alain 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe temperature variations recorded at several points of a vertical shallow‐depth profile are governed both by conductive and convective heat transfers and can be used to calculate the vertical component of the Darcy velocity and thermal diffusivity in the soil. This paper describes such calculations when transient variations over tens of days are considered and tests them using data collected at Voyons (Aube, France). The temperature was recorded during a year and a half period with a 1 h sampling time step at three different depths: 0·2, 0·4 and 0·75 m. By processing the annual variation of temperature, we obtained a value of the Darcy velocity in good agreement with the value of actual/potential evapotranspiration ratio. By processing transient variations, despite the limitation of the calculations due to the lack of sensitivity of the sensors, results obtained at Voyons were in good correlation with tensiometric data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of wind on the spatial distribution of rain over micro‐scale topography: numerical modelling and experimental verification
Authors: Blocken Bert , Poesen Jean , Carmeliet Jan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe wind‐driven‐rain effect refers to the redistribution of rainfall over micro‐scale topography due to the existence of local perturbed wind‐flow patterns. Rainfall measurements reported in the literature point to the fact that the wind‐driven‐rain distribution can show large variations over micro‐scale topography. These variations should be taken into account in hillslope hydrology, in runoff and erosion studies and in the design of rainfall monitoring networks. In practice, measurements are often not suitable for determining the wind‐driven‐rain distribution. Therefore, a few researchers have employed numerical modelling. In order to provide confidence in using numerical models, experimental verification for a range of different topographic features is imperative. The objective of this study is to investigate the adequacy of a two‐dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to predict the wind‐driven‐rain distribution over small‐scale topography. The numerical model is applied to a number of topographic features, including a succession of cliffs, a small isolated hill, a small valley and a field with ridges and furrows. The numerical results are compared with the corresponding measurement results reported in the literature. It is shown that two‐dimensional numerical modelling can provide a good indication of the wind‐driven‐rain distribution over each type of micro‐scale topography that is considered in this study. It is concluded that more detailed verification procedures are currently inhibited due to the lack of available and detailed spatial and temporal rainfall data from field measurements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of actual evapotranspiration from an alluvial aquifer of the Kouris catchment (Cyprus) using continuous streamflow records
Authors: Boronina Anastasia , Golubev Sergey , Balderer Werner 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Kouris catchment is located in the south of the Troodos massif in Cyprus. The hydrology is driven by a Mediterranean climate, a mountainous topography, and a complex distribution of hydrogeological properties resulting from complex geology.To quantify the regional water balance further, a simple method using continuous streamflow records in the River Limnatis (Kouris catchment) was applied to calculate the actual evapotranspiration rate in the dry seasons. It was found that daily cycles of streamflow, recorded by automatic pressure logger, were caused by direct evaporation from the groundwater table and by transpiration of riparian forest. The daily amounts of ‘missing’ streamflow were calculated for the period 30 October–4 November 2001 and were extrapolated to the entire dry season and to the whole Kouris catchment. The actual evapotranspiration rate from the alluvial aquifer of the region is 2·4 ± 0·5 Mm3 for April–September 2001. The validity of the assumptions and the uncertainties in the estimates used in the method are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion rates of stainless steel under shear stress measured by a novel parallel‐plate flow chamber
Authors: Messer Regina L. W. , Mickalonis John , Adams Yolanda , Tseng Wan Y. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA unique parallel‐plate flow chamber has been engineered to assess the corrosion properties of implant materials in biological environments under shear flow. This parallel‐plate flow chamber provides a novel approach to investigate hypotheses regarding cellular‐material–mechanical‐force interactions that influence the success or failure of implant devices. The results of the current study demonstrated that physiological stresses (0.5–50 dynes/cm2) from laminar flow from cell culture media did not significantly alter corrosion rates of stainless steel, providing baseline information for an extensive study of the cellular‐material–mechanical‐force interactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that this device is electrochemically stable and provides reproducible results within test parameters. In addition, the results were not significantly different from corrosion tests on bulk samples. Therefore, this system will be useful for investigating cell‐material interactions under shear stress for implant alloys or other opaque materials. This information is currently lacking. The results of the present study also support further development of this test system to assess cellular responses to these materials under shear stresses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Trends in storminess over the Netherlands, 1962–2002
Authors: Smits A. , Klein Tank A. M. G. , Können G. P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTrends in the annual number of independent wind events over the Netherlands are studied for the period 1962–2002. The events are selected out of 13 hourly 10 m wind speed records that are part of a high quality dataset of near‐surface wind observations at Dutch meteorological stations. Comparisons are made with trends in independent wind events selected from geostrophic wind speed records and reanalysis data.The results for moderate wind events (that occur on average 10 times per year) and strong wind events (that occur on average twice a year) indicate a decrease in storminess over the Netherlands between 5 and 10%/decade. This result is inconsistent with National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research or European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data, which suggest increased storminess during the same 41 year period.Possible explanations are given for the discrepancy between the trends in storminess based on station data and the trends in storminess based on reanalysis data. Evaluation of trends in geostrophic wind, both from station data and reanalysis data, and evaluation of trends in vector‐averaged (upscaled) 10 m wind over the Netherlands point towards inhomogeneities in the reanalysis data as the main cause of the discrepancy. We conclude that it is likely that the decrease in storminess observed in Dutch station records of near‐surface wind in the past four decades is closer to reality than the increase suggested by the reanalysis data. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
The latitude of the subtropical ridge over Eastern Australia: The L index revisited
Authors: Drosdowsky Wasyl 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRecent research has suggested that the position of the subtropical ridge in mean sea‐level pressure over eastern Australia, referred to as the L index, has undergone a substantial poleward shift over the past century. These findings are not supported by calculations of the L index based on daily National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis from 1948 to 2002, and on monthly mean Australian pressure data from 1890 to 2003. Reasons for these differences are discussed, together with the relationship between the L index and Australian rainfall. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Statistical distributions of the daily rainfall regime in Catalonia (Northeastern Spain) for the years 1950–2000
Authors: Burgueño A. , Martínez M. D. , Lana X. , Serra C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA database of daily rainfall, compiled from 75 gauges covering the period 1950–2000, that was previously considered for analysing spatial and temporal patterns of the daily pluviometric regime in Catalonia is used to obtain new statistical patterns of the daily rain amounts. First, the annual number of rainy days, its coefficient of variation and time trends affecting this number are evaluated for every rain gauge, with the aim of complementing previous analyses concerning the average amount per rainy day and its absolute and relative dispersions. Second, empirical cumulative amount X and time Y distributions are obtained for every rain gauge and fitted with exponential and Weibull models respectively. Third, a normalized rainfall curve is obtained for every rain gauge and modelled in two ways. One of them is based on the relationship X = Yexp[−b(1 − Y)c] and the other on the beta distribution of X given by Y. It is noticeable that there is a relationship between the parameters of both models and the coefficient of variation of the daily rainfall. Additionally, a strong spatial variability is deduced after a review of the results. This variability is characterized by spatial gradients of the parameters of the exponential and Weibull distributions and of the threshold levels that define different percentiles of the X and Y distributions. A more homogeneous spatial behaviour is observed when the contribution to rain amounts of a specific type of daily episode is analysed. Thus, a relatively low ratio of rainy days (25–35%), with daily amounts exceeding average values, generates a good part of the rain amounts (75–85%) for most gauges (80%). Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Effect of land use on soil nutrients in the loess hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Gong J. , Chen L. , Fu B. , Huang Y. , Huang Z. , Peng H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of land use change on soil properties is important for soil quality improvement and sustainable land use. In this study, six land use types including wasteland (WLD), cropland (CLD), abandoned land (ABD), artificial grassland (AGD), shrubland (SLD) and woodland (WOD) were selected to analyse the effects of land use types on soil nutrient in the Anjiapo catchment in the western part of the Loess Plateau in China. Significant differences were found in soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (NON) (P < 0.01) between the six land use types. Our study also showed that land use types have different effects on soil nutrient storage, and vegetation restoration may improve soil nutrients and soil quality. While crop plantation can significantly decrease soil fertility, the trend can be reversed by cropland abandonment and afforestation. It is recommended that more C input, alternative cultivation practices, vegetation restoration and education and techniques training of local farmers could be used to improve soil conditions and to advance the sustainable land use and local development in the loess hilly area in the Loess Plateau of China. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of a simple tonic finger movement in patients with writer's cramp
Authors: Quartarone Angelo , Bagnato Sergio , Rizzo Vincenzo , Morgante Francesca , Sant'Angelo Antonino , Crupi Domenica , Romano Marcello , Messina Corrado , Berardelli Alfredo , Girlanda Paolo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) is the mental rehearsal of a motor act without overt movement. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we tested the effect of MI on corticospinal excitability in patients with writer's cramp. In 10 patients with writer's cramp and 10 healthy controls, we applied focal TMS over each primary motor area and recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from contralateral hand and arm muscles while participants imagined a tonic abduction of the index finger contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere. In healthy controls and patients, the MEP amplitude in the relaxed first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) showed a muscle‐specific increase during MI; however, the increase was less pronounced in patients than in healthy controls. In addition, in patients but not in controls, the MEP amplitude also increased in hand and forearm muscles not involved in the imagined movement. This abnormal spread of facilitation was observed in the affected and unaffected upper limb. MI of simple hand movements is less efficient and less focussed in patients with writer's cramp than it is in normal subjects. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society