bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis and airway submucosal glands
Authors: Inglis S.K. , Wilson S.M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe chronic pulmonary infections and inflammation associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) are responsible for almost all the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the very early stages of CF lung disease, that result directly from mutations in the CF gene, is relatively poor. However, the demonstration that the predominant sites of expression of the CF gene in normal lungs are the submucosal glands, together with the histological observations showing that hyperplasia of these glands and mucin occlusion of the gland ducts are the earliest signs of disease in the CF lung, suggest that malfunction of the submucosal glands may be an important factor contributing to the early pathophysiology of CF lung disease. This review describes the function of submucosal glands in normal lungs, and the way in which their function may be disrupted in CF and may thus contribute to the early stages of CF lung disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of coadministration of parenteral multivitamins with lipid emulsion on lung remodeling in an animal model of total parenteral nutrition
Authors: Lavoie Jean‐Claude , Rouleau Thérèse , Chessex Philippe 
Published: April 2005

AbstractExposure of parenteral multivitamin solutions (MVP) to ambient light generates peroxides and vitamin loss, and induces initiation of fibrosis and a reduced alveolar count in an animal model of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Adding MVP to the lipid moiety of TPN prevents lipid peroxidation and vitamin loss. The aim of the study was to compare modes of delivery of MVP on lung procollagen mRNA and alveolar counts. Three‐day‐old guinea pig pups were infused continuously with one of three intravenous solutions: 1) control = dextrose; 2) AA + MVP = MVP given with the dextrose + amino‐acid moiety, in a “piggyback” setup with a lipid emulsion mixed close to the infusion site; and 3) LIP + MVP = same as AA + MVP, except that MVP is given with the lipid emulsion. After 4 days, lungs were prepared for alveolar count (intercept technique) and for quantification of the procollagen/beta‐actin mRNA ratio (initial step of fibrosis). Data were compared by ANOVA. The procollagen mRNA was lower (P < 0.05) in animals receiving LIP + MVP than those with AA + MVP. But the two modes of admixture of MVP had the same effect on the alveolar counts, which were lower (P < 0.01) than controls. The mode of delivery of TPN affects lung remodeling. Although LIP + MVP protects against the initiation of lung fibrosis, the absence of a beneficial effect on alveolar counts suggests that these features of lung remodeling are not caused by a unique component of TPN. Specific roles of peroxides, components of MVP, and light exposure on lung remodeling need to be explored before LIP + MVP can be recommended as an alternative mode of parenteral vitamin delivery. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symmetry and causality in pp‐wave string field theory
Authors: Chu C.‐S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCausality and local commutativity of string fields in the pp‐wave lightcone string field theory is Contrary to the flat space case result, we found that the pp‐wave interaction does not affect the local commutativity condition. Our results show that the pp‐wave lightcone string field theory is discontinous at the flat space limit.
Bottom up meets heterotic strings
Authors: Förste S. , Wingerter A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this talk we argue that a certain class of heterotic orbifolds can be the underlying fundamental theory for recently studied field theory GUTs. In addition we demonstrate that symmetric heterotic ℤ2 × ℤ2 orbifolds can give rise to three generation models if quantised Wilson lines are switched on.
Konishi anomalies and N = 1 curves
Authors: Landsteiner K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present a brief summary of exact results on the non‐perturbative effective superpotential of N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories based on generalized Konishi anomaly equations. In particular we consider theories with classical gauge groups and chiral matter in two‐index tensor representations. All these theories can be embedded into theories with unitary gauge group and adjoint matter. This embedding can be used to derive expressions for the exact non‐perturbative superpotential in terms of the 1/N expansion of the free energy of the related matrix models.
Semiclassical Bethe ansatz and AdS/CFT
Authors: Zarembo K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Bethe ansatz can be used to compute anomalous dimensions in 𝒩 = 4 SYM theory. The classical solutions of the sigma‐model on AdS5 × S5 can also be parameterized by an integral equation of Bethe type. The relationship between the two Bethe ansätze is reviewed.
The SU(2|3) spin chain sigma model
Authors: Hernández R. , López E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe one‐loop planar dilatation operator of 𝒩 = 4 supersymmetric Yang‐Mills is isomorphic to the hamiltonian of an integrable PSU(2,2|4) spin chain. We construct the non‐linear sigma model describing the continuum limit of the SU(2|3) subsector of the 𝒩 = 4 chain. We explicitly identify the spin chain sigma model with the one for a superstring moving in AdS5 × S5 with large angular momentum along the five‐sphere.
Heterotic standard model vacua
Authors: Reinbacher R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this talk I will present a class of heterotic string theory compactifications which lead to four dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric vacua with standard model gauge group SU(3)C × SU(2)L × U(1)Y. I will compute their massless particle spectrum and show that it contains precisely three families of quarks and leptons and a certain number of SU(2) Higgs doublets.
The radion in 5D conformal SUGRA: superspace action
Authors: Paccetti Correia F. , Schmidt M.G. , Tavartkiladze Z. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe shortly review our new superfield formalism in the framework of Fujita, Kugo, Ohashi 5D conformal supergravity, in particular with an S1/Z2 orbifold. The radion of the fifth dimension is embedded in two related superfields, a chiral and a general multiplet and is linked to the radion superfield of rigid SUSY. The superspace action of the gauge sector is of the Chern‐Simons type. We also present the superspace action for hypermultiplets and discuss the role of compensators. The presented formalism should be very useful for applications. We demonstrate this for obtaining the RS solution.
A recent explosion protection system failure
Authors: Kaelin David E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses a recent dust explosion event within a powder storage hopper protected by an explosion‐suppression system. In this case the system, although activated, failed to prevent overpressurization of the hopper, which failed catastrophically. The suppressant diffuser had been improperly installed and the error was undetected, in spite of numerous system inspections. This case demonstrates some significant weaknesses that can be associated with complex protection systems. Lessons learned included explosion‐suppression systems are not infallible; explosion‐suppression systems must be correctly installed and inspected at installation; and explosion‐suppressant diffusers should be periodically removed and inspected as part of a routine inspection program. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Acute administration of SB‐277011A, NGB 2904, or BP 897 inhibits cocaine cue‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking behavior in rats: Role of dopamine D3 receptors
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy G. , Newman Amy Hauck , Gardner Eliot L. , Ashby Charles R. , Heidbreder Christian A. , Pak Arlene C. , Peng Xiao‐Qing , Xi Zheng‐Xiong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the novel dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonists SB‐277011A and NGB 2904 inhibit cocaine‐ and/or stress‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking behavior. The present study sought to determine if SB‐277011A, NGB 2904, or BP‐897 (a mixed D3 agonist/antagonist) similarly inhibit cocaine‐associated cue‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking behavior. Long‐Evans rats were allowed to self‐administer cocaine. Each cocaine infusion was paired with discrete conditioned cue‐light and tone. Subsequently, drug‐seeking (i.e., lever‐pressing) behavior was extinguished in the absence of cocaine and cocaine‐associated cues. Rats were then tested for cue‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking. We found that cocaine‐associated cues evoked robust reinstatement of lever‐pressing. Acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of SB‐277011A (6, 12, or 24 mg/kg) produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of cue‐induced reinstatement of drug‐seeking behavior by 35, 65, and 85%, respectively, compared to vehicle‐treated animals. Acute i.p. administration of NGB 2904 (0.1, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg) produced a 45, 30, and 70% inhibition of cue‐induced reinstatement, respectively, compared to vehicle‐treated animals. Acute i.p. administration of either 0.1 or 1 mg/kg of BP 897 did not produce a significant effect on cue‐induced reinstatement, whereas a dose of 3 mg/kg produced a 70% inhibition of cue‐induced reinstatement. These findings, combined with previous data, suggest that DA D3 receptor antagonism may underlie the inhibitory effects of SB‐277011A and NGB 2904 on cocaine cue‐induced reinstatement, while the effects of BP 897 may involve D3 and non‐D3 receptor mechanisms. Synapse 57:17–28, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgery in the treatment of cancer
Authors: Eilber Frederick R. , Holmes E. Carmack , Morion Donald L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA review of results obtained from numerous clinical trials of immunotherapy for various histological types of cancer serves to emphasize the many discrepancies in the various protocols. Even so, adjuvant immunotherapy in both man and animals has been shown to be relatively nontoxic and to have systemic activity. Definitive results must await long‐term follow‐up of patients, although in general some therapeutic benefit has been obtained by patients with melanoma and by selected patients with carcinoma of the lung. Adjuvant immunotherapy trials for other types of cancer are still in the preliminary phases. Because therapeutic benefit has not been definitely established, this treatment must be considered highly experimental. Clearly, adjuvant immunotherapy in its present form is not a panacea, but when criteria for methodology, immunologic agents, route, and schedule of administration have been thoroughly identified, it may prove to be a most beneficial adjunctive treatment for selected patients with cancer.
Microlymphaticovenous and resectional surgery in obstructive lymphedema
Authors: O'Brien Bernard Mc C. , Shafiroff Bruce B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn many cases of moderate obstructive lymphedema, there are sufficient lymphatics still remaining at a proximal level in the limb to anastomose them under the operating microscope to small veins, thus bypassing a proximal axillary or inguinal obstruction. Most of the cases reported in this article followed surgical and irradiation treatment of the breast for malignancy, and the majority occurred in the upper limb. The microtechnique of microlymphaticovenous anastomoses is described and a series of 136 patients is analyzed. Preoperative conservative therapy with elevation, stockingette, and pumping are used, but now only for a few days. Lymphangiograms have been found harmful, and this investigation has been discontinued. The usual sites of anastomoses of lymphatics are the medial aspect of the thigh or upper arm. Increasingly, microsurgery is being combined with a segmentai reduction on the outer aspect of the upper arm or thigh. Microlymphaticovenous surgery was performed in 40 patients, and 35 of these were available for follow‐up studies. The patients were assessed post‐operatively on objective and subjective grounds. Two‐thirds of the patients showed a significant reduction of the excess limb volume, and a higher percentage of patients showed encouraging subjective signs of improvement. Twenty‐one patients were not suitable for microlymphaticovenous surgery, and a one‐stage surgical reduction was carried out with a very useful result, although not as natural as that following microlymphaticovenous surgery. Cellulitis was significantly reduced in both groups following this surgery. The ultimate reduction of excess volume was related to age, primary diagnosis, and primary mode of therapy. An adequate result was not obtained in patients in whom only 1 anastomosis was performed, and such procedures are no longer carried out. Regular follow‐up has been performed with volumetric and circumferential measurements, and there have been no major complications of microlymphaticovenous surgery.
The foot as a donor site in reconstructive microsurgery
Authors: Morrison W. A. , O'Brien B. Mc C. , MacLeod A. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA common vasculature of large dimensions supplies many segments of the foot that are suitable for distant transfer for reconstructive purposes. Toes, innervated web spaces, and the dorsal skin of the foot each have unique qualities and indications as segments for transfer at the expense of minimal morbidity to the foot. Forty‐four microvascular transfers of toes, flaps, muscles, bones, and tendons have been carried out for reconstructive purposes in the hand, face, and neck over a 5‐year period. Only 2 losses have occurred, both in the first year. A significant upgrading of function and reduction of disfigurement has followed the majority of these procedures. Sometimes the tissues have been used in combination, as in neurovascular free flaps and combined dorsum of the foot flap and second metatarsal. This series of cases demonstrates the unique capacity of the foot as a donor site in reconstructive surgery.
Microsurgery of peripheral nerves
Authors: Millesi H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDevelopment of microsurgical techniques represents a major advance in the surgery of peripheral nerves. The operating microscope makes it possible to evaluate the severity of trauma to nerve tissue more accurately than other methods. Microsurgery has made it possible to perform atraumatic interfascicular dissection in operations for various nerve lesions, including tumors, fibrosis due to irritation, compression or ischemia, and traumatic injuries with preserved continuity. Interfascicular dissection has proved to be particularly useful in nerve segments with a polyfascicular pattern and group arrangement. The results of nerve grafting have been improved significantly by microsurgical techniques.
Prevention of hepatic failure following jejunoileal bypass by a modification of Payne's operation
Authors: Messaris G. E. , Mariatos C. G. , Mazis A. , Statherou P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHepatic failure is the leading cause of death after bypass procedures for morbid obesity. The bypassed blind segment is considered to be the etiologic factor. An experimental study in 12 dogs was carried out to determine the effects of modifying the blind segment. Three dogs had 85% of the small intestine resected, 3 dogs had 85% of the small intestine bypassed (Payne's operation), and 6 dogs had 85% of the small intestine bypassed but the proximal end of the jejunum, which in Payne's operation is closed and produces a long blind segment, was anastomosed end‐to‐side to the terminal ileum, 10 cm proximal to the main anastomosis. The resultant “semi‐open” segment is partially activated and “washed” by recirculation of a small portion of refluxing intestinal contents (estimated as 5% of the total). Hepatic function was determined by laboratory tests and liver biopsies.All dogs in the first group developed weight loss without any liver abnormality. All dogs in the second group developed progressive weight loss and liver necrosis and died in a mean 77 days. All dogs in the third group developed weight loss similar to that of the first group, but only mild aberration of liver function, which returned to normal within 6 months.
Acute pancreatitis. A study of 122 patients with acute pancreatitis observed for 5–15 years
Authors: Madsen Ole Guldberg , Schmidt Arne 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA study was performed of 122 patients admitted for acute pancreatitis during the decade 1960–1970. Gallstones were found in 14% and abuse of alcohol in 40%. Ten patients (8%) died before leaving the hospital, and a further 36 died during the follow‐up period from 1960–1975. Compared with the general population of similar age and sex, the mortality rate was significantly increased (p<0.01). The recurrence rate during the follow‐up period was 43%, and 2/3 of those patients had more than one recurrence. The 76 patients who survived were called for follow‐up, but 12 could not be traced. Of the 64 patients who were traced, 83% had no complaints or only moderate complaints, while 14% had severe complaints, and 3% were incapacitated by pain and other symptoms; 17% had continued to drink alcohol. It is concluded that patients admitted to hospital with acute pancreatitis have a significantly higher mortality compared with the normal population. We did not obtain conclusive data that a continued high alcohol consumption worsens the prognosis.
In vitro regeneration of adenine nucleotide by ischemically injured kidney
Authors: Collins Geoffrey M. , Green Richard D. , Halasz Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDegradation of adenine nucleotide is a prominent feature of renal ischemic injury, the significance of which is still uncertain. In the present study, the conditions required for regeneration of adenine nucleotide by ischemically injured rabbit and dog kidneys were investigated using a slice incubation and isolated organ perfusion model. Regeneration in the whole organ was dependent on species, temperature, colloid concentration, and the presence of nucleoside as substrate. Under optimal conditions, slice incubation and perfusion yielded comparable results, and regeneration by ischemic tissue was equivalent to that of fresh tissue. These data suggest that the low adenine nucleotide levels after ischemic injury do not result from metabolic failure so much as from a local unavailability of substrate.
Malignant melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Giler Shamai , Kott Itamar , Urca Israel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFive patients with symptomatic metastases of malignant melanoma to the gastrointestinal tract are presented. The clinical and pathological findings are reviewed. It seems that metastases of malignant melanoma to the gastrointestinal tract are more frequent than has previously been assumed. The clinical symptoms are usually variable and include vague abdominal pain or discomfort, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intestinal obstruction. Although the prognosis is poor, surgical excision is indicated in selected patients.
Jejunal replacement after pharyngo‐laryngo‐esophagectomy for carcinoma of hypopharynx
Authors: Ong G. B. , Wong John 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA patient with recurrent carcinoma of the larynx following irradiation therapy was subjected to pharyngo‐laryngoesophagectomy. Since he had had a previous Polya gastrectomy and the large bowel was not prepared, jejunum was used for esophageal replacement. This is the first patient in whom jejunum was used for anastomosis to the pharynx in our series of over 100 such operations. A satisfactory result was obtained.
Simple mastectomy and pectoral node biopsy: The Cardiff‐St. Mary's trial
Authors: Forrest A. P. M. , Roberts M. M. , Cant E. L. M. , Henk M. , Hughes L. E. , Hulbert M. , Dudley H. A. , Campbell H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBetween 1967 and 1973, 243 patients with breast cancer classified clinically as stages I and II were assigned by random sample to 2 major treatment groups and a number of subgroups. The 2 groups were treated by either simple mastectomy (with pectoral lymph node biopsy) or radical mastectomy. All patients with positive lymph nodes on histological examination received supplementary postoperative treatment which, in the simple mastectomy group, consisted of local radiotherapy to the axilla and, in the radical mastectomy group, consisted of radical radiotherapy to the axilla, chest wall, supraclavicular region and internal mammary region. By March 30, 1976, 166 of the 243 patients had completed 5 years of follow‐up observation. There was no significant difference in survival rate, duration of life, incidence of disseminated cancer, or time of appearance of metastases between the conservative and radical treatment groups. The only significant difference observed in the trial occurred in patients with positive lymph nodes in whom treatment by radical mastectomy plus radical radiotherapy was associated with a significantly lower incidence of local cancer recurrence than was conservative treatment. Assessment of morbidity in 85 patients showed that patients with negative lymph nodes had significantly less morbidity following simple mastectomy than after radical mastectomy.
Emergency esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization for variceal bleeding
Authors: Futagawa Shunji , Sugiura Mitsuo , Hidai Koh , Shima Fumio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSince 1967, a total of 52 patients with portal hypertension have undergone emergency esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization in 2 stages, 4–6 weeks apart, to control variceal bleeding. According to the Child classification, 8 patients were class A, 19 were class B, and 25 were class C. The etiology of the portal hypertension was cirrhosis of the liver in 30 patients, liver fibrosis in 13, extrahepatic portal vein occlusion in 4, hepatoma in 4, and carcinoma of the pancreas in 1 patient. There were 6 operative deaths (11.5%), caused by progressive hepatic failure (2), hepatoma (2), renal failure (1), and intraperitoneal bleeding (1). The operative mortality rate in the class A and B patients was 0%, but in the class C patients, it was 24%. The operative mortality rate for cirrhotic patients was 10%. There have been 9 late deaths due to hepatic failure (2), hepatoma (4), esophageal variceal bleeding (2), and carcinoma of the pancreas (1). At present, 88% of class B patients are alive, but only 56% of class C patients are alive. There was an obvious positive correlation between survival rate and the stage of the disease. Only 2 patients with incomplete devascularization developed recurrent esophageal variceal bleeding and died (recurrence rate of 4.3%). All survivors are free of hepatic encephalopathy.This method provided excellent results in controlling variceal bleeding without causing hepatic dysfunction and encephalopathy and is indicated in all patients with variceal bleeding except those with severe hepatic failure.