bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac arrest in vascular surgical patients receiving anaesthetic care: an analysis from the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Armstrong R. A. , Cook T. M. , Kunst G. , Kane A. D. , Kursumovic E. , Lucas D.N. , Nickols G. , Soar J. , Mouton R. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists studied peri‐operative cardiac arrest in the UK. We report the results of the vascular surgery cohort from the 12‐month case registry, from 16 June 2021 to 15 June 2022. Anaesthesia for vascular surgery accounted for 2% of UK anaesthetic caseload and included 69 (8%) reported peri‐operative cardiac arrests, giving an estimated incidence of 1 in 670 vascular anaesthetics (95%CI 1 in 520–830). The high‐risk nature of the vascular population is reflected by the proportion of patients who were ASA physical status 4 (30, 43%) or 5 (19, 28%); the age of patients (80% aged > 65 y); and that most cardiac arrests (57, 83%) occurred during non‐elective surgery. The most common vascular surgical procedures among patients who had a cardiac arrest were: aortic surgery (38, 55%); lower‐limb revascularisation (13, 19%); and lower‐limb amputation (8, 12%). Among patients having vascular surgery and who had a cardiac arrest, 28 (41%) presented with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. There were 48 (70%) patients who had died at the time of reporting to NAP7 and 11 (16%) were still in hospital, signifying poorer outcomes compared with the non‐vascular surgical cohort. The most common cause of cardiac arrest was major haemorrhage (39, 57%), but multiple other causes reflected the critical illness of the patients and the complexity of surgery. This is the first analysis of the incidence, management and outcomes of peri‐operative cardiac arrest during vascular anaesthesia in the UK.
Repetitive endoscopic drainage as initial intervention is safe and effective for early treatment of pancreatic necrotic collections
Authors: Ma Yi , Ong Felicia , Hew Simon , Swan Michael , Devonshire David , Croagh Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile endoscopic step‐up approach with delayed drainage (more than 28 days from diagnosis) was shown to produce the best outcomes in the treatment of pancreatic walled‐off necrosis (WON), we assessed our single centre experience of early versus delayed endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrotic collections.MethodsPatients who underwent endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrotic collections between 2011 and 2022 under Monash Health were identified. They were excluded if below 18 years old or their follow up data were missing. The included patients' medical records, pathology results, and imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 60 patients were included. 31.58% required percutaneous drainage and 15% received either endoscopic or surgical necrosectomy. The disease related mortality was 8.47% and the average length of stay (LOS) was 70.92 days. No significant difference was shown in disease‐related mortality (10.5% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.697) or LOS (75.35 vs. 68.7, P = 0.644) between early and delayed drainage cohorts, but patients who received early drainage have higher qSOFA score on the day of drainage (2 vs. 0, P = 0.004).DiscussionRepetitive endoscopic drainage with selective percutaneous drainage is effective in the management of pancreatic necrotic collections. Early drainage should be considered in patients who developed severe sepsis.
Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments
Authors: Khattak Wajid Ali , Sun Jianfan , Hameed Rashida , Zaman Fawad , Abbas Adeel , Khan Khalid Ali , Elboughdiri Noureddine , Akbar Rasheed , He Feng , Ullah Muhammad Wajid , Al‐Andal Abeer , Du Daolin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWeed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result in higher pollution. Understanding the dynamics existing between native weed communities and invasive species in disturbed environments is crucial for effective management and normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising the potential resistance of native weed communities to invasion in disturbed environments can help identify suitable native plants for restoration operations. This review aims to investigate the adaptations exhibited by native and non‐native weeds that may affect invasions within disturbed environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, and adaptations of native weed communities that potentially confer a competitive advantage relative to non‐native or invasive weeds in disturbed environments are analysed. Moreover, the roles of biotic interactions such as competition, mutualistic relationships, and allelopathy in shaping the invasion resistance of native weed communities are described. Emphasis is given to the consideration of the resistance of native weeds as a key factor in invasion dynamics that provides insights for conservation and restoration efforts in disturbed environments. Additionally, this review underscores the need for further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to devise targeted management strategies. These strategies aim to promote the resistance of native weed communities and mitigate the negative effects of invasive weed species in disturbed environments. By delving deeper into these insights, we can gain an understanding of the ecological dynamics within disturbed ecosystems and develop valuable insights for the management of invasive species, and to restore long‐term ecosystem sustainability.
Antipredator defences in motion: animals reduce predation risks by concealing or misleading motion signals
Authors: Tan Min , Zhang Shichang , Stevens Martin , Li Daiqin , Tan Eunice J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTMotion is a crucial part of the natural world, yet our understanding of how animals avoid predation whilst moving remains rather limited. Although several theories have been proposed for how antipredator defence may be facilitated during motion, there is often a lack of supporting empirical evidence, or conflicting findings. Furthermore, many studies have shown that motion often ‘breaks’ camouflage, as sudden movement can be detected even before an individual is recognised. Whilst some static camouflage strategies may conceal moving animals to a certain extent, more emphasis should be given to other modes of camouflage and related defences in the context of motion (e.g. flicker fusion camouflage, active motion camouflage, motion dazzle, and protean motion). Furthermore, when motion is involved, defence strategies are not necessarily limited to concealment. An animal can also rely on motion to mislead predators with regards to its trajectory, location, size, colour pattern, or even identity. In this review, we discuss the various underlying antipredator strategies and the mechanisms through which they may be linked to motion, conceptualising existing empirical and theoretical studies from two perspectives – concealing and misleading effects. We also highlight gaps in our understanding of these antipredator strategies, and suggest possible methodologies for experimental designs/test subjects (i.e. prey and/or predators) and future research directions.
IRS1 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through EMT and PI3K/AKT pathways
Authors: Yu Fang , Huang Dongdong , Kuang Yeye , Dong Jian , Han Qingmei , Zhou Jie , Teng Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveInsulin receptor substract 1 (IRS1) protein is an important signal transduction adapter for extracellular signal transduction from insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor and its family members to IRS1 downstream proteins. IRS1 has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis and metastasis in some of solid tumors. Investigating the role of IRS1 in thyroid cancer can help to screen high risk patients at the initial diagnosis.Design, Patients and MeasurementsImmunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression levels of IRS1 in 131 metastatic thyroid cancer tissues. Wound healing, cell invasion and colony formation assays were used to study the functions of IRS1 in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and Western blot analysis analyses were performed to examine the underlying regulation mechanisms of IRS1 in thyroid cancer cells.ResultsIRS1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancers and its expression was positively associated with distant metastasis and advanced clinical stages. In vitro studies demonstrated that IRS1 is an important mediator of migration, invasion and colony formation of thyroid cancer cells. RNA‐seq showed that IRS1 promoted the metastasis of thyroid cancer by regulating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway.ConclusionsIRS1 overexpression contributes to the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer and is expected to be a stratified marker and a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
Visualization of Escher‐like Kaleidoscopic Spherical Patterns of Regular Polyhedron Symmetry
Authors: Gdawiec Krzysztof , Chung Kwok Wai , Nicolas Alain , Bailey David , Ouyang Peichang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for creating Escher‐like spherical patterns with regular polyhedron symmetries. Using the generators of the symmetry groups associated with regular polyhedra, we first provide fast algorithms to construct spherical tilings. Then, to obtain Escher‐like patterns, we specify texturing techniques to decorate the resulting tilings. Moreover, we present a strategy to create a novel dynamic effect of Escher‐like kaleidoscopes in which the motifs have a complete body. The method has the advantages of simple implementation, fast calculation, good graphics, and artistic effects, which can be used to create rich elegant spherical patterns.
Rebels in their own job: How digging into a municipal mystery turned invited youth participation in an urban planning process into uninvited activism
Authors: Hagen Aina Landsverk , Engerbakk Bjørk Brøndmo , Lorenzen Sara Berge , Tolstad Ingrid M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractYouth participation has become an important mechanism in many aspects of society, research and democratic institutions and in urban planning specifically. Yet, the ideal of participation often collides with the realities of planning as practice. In this article, we outline the halting process of transforming an old villa owned by the municipality into a youth house, and how youth trained as co‐researchers transitioned from being invited participants to becoming uninvited activists wanting to hold decision‐makers accountable for the delay. The empirical findings from Oslo, Norway highlight the complex processes of ‘thick’ participation practices to strengthen local democracy building.
Effect of implant shape and length on the accuracy of robot‐assisted immediate implant surgery: An in vitro study
Authors: Wang Yunxiao , Yu Shimin , Wang Yulan , Feng Yi , Yan Qi , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of immediate implant placement of cylindrical implants (CI) and tapered implants (TI) of different lengths using a robotic dental implant system.Materials and MethodsCI and TI of three lengths (8, 10, and 12 mm) each were digitally planned and placed in a three‐dimensional printed extraction socket model under robotic guidance. There were six groups with three samples in each group, resulting in a total of 18 samples. Implant angular deviation, platform point deviation (total, lateral, depth), and implant apical point deviation (total, lateral, depth) were recorded and compared between the different groups.ResultsThe angular deviations for CI 8 mm, CI 10 mm, CI 12 mm, TI 8 mm, TI 10 mm, and TI 12 mm were 1.32° ± 0.19°, 1.03° ± 0.56°, 1.31° ± 0.38°, 1.27° ± 0.64°, 1.10° ± 0.43° and 1.05° ± 0.45°, respectively. The total deviations of platform and apical points for CI 8 mm, CI 10 mm, CI 12 mm, TI 8 mm, TI 10 mm, and TI 12 mm were 0.79 ± 0.18 mm, 0.77 ± 0.33 mm; 0.64 ± 0.21 mm, 0.55 ± 0.17 mm; 0.64 ± 0.37 mm, 0.65 ± 0.34 mm; 0.68 ± 0.26 mm, 0.71 ± 0.20 mm; 0.70 ± 0.12 mm, 0.66 ± 0.23 mm; and 0.71 ± 0.15 mm, 0.77 ± 0.29 mm, respectively, and had no significant differences.ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, acceptable accuracy can be achieved for both TI and CI using robotic systems. Our study demonstrated that the implant shape and length did not affect the accuracy of immediate implant placement under robotic guidance in vitro. However, further trials are required to confirm their efficacy in clinical practice.
‘Low’ faecal immunochemical test (FIT) colorectal cancer: a 4‐year comparison of the Nottingham ‘4F’ protocol with FIT10 in symptomatic patients
Authors: Bailey J. A. , Morton A. J. , Jones J. , Chapman C. J. , Oliver S. , Morling J. R. , Patel H. , Humes D. J. , Banerjea A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to evaluate colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes after ‘low’ (sub‐threshold) faecal immunochemical test (FIT) results in symptomatic patients tested in primary care.MethodThis work comprised a retrospective audit of 35 289 patients with FIT results who had consulted their general practitioner with lower gastrointestinal symptoms and had subsequent CRC diagnoses.The Rapid Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis pathway was introduced in November 2017 to allow incorporation of FIT into clinical practice. The local ‘4F’ protocol combined FIT results with blood tests and digital rectal examination (DRE): FIT, full blood count, ferritin and finger [DRE]. The outcome used was detection rates of CRC, missed CRC and time to diagnosis in local 4F protocols for patients with a subthreshold faecal haemoglobin (fHb) result compared with thresholds of 10 and 20 μg Hb/g faeces.ResultsA single threshold of 10 μg Hb/g faeces identifies a population in whom the risk of CRC is 0.2%, but this would have missed 63 (10.5%) of 599 CRCs in this population. The Nottingham 4F protocol would have missed fewer CRCs [42 of 599 (7%)] despite using a threshold of 20 μg Hb/g faeces for patients with normal blood tests. Subthreshold FIT results in patients subsequently diagnosed with a palpable rectal tumour yielded the longest delays in diagnosis.ConclusionA combination of FIT with blood results and DRE (the 4F protocol) reduced the risk of missed or delayed diagnosis. Further studies on the impact of such protocols on the diagnostic accuracy of FIT are expected. The value of adding blood tests to FIT may be restricted to specific parts of the fHb results spectrum.
A mechanism for network resource allocation and task offloading in mobile edge computing and network engineering
Authors: Shu Zhixu , Zhang Kewang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAt present, most of the resource allocation methods in mobile edge computing allocate computing resources according to the time order in which task requests are calculated and unloaded, without considering the priority of tasks in practical applications. According to the computing requirements in such cases, a priority task‐oriented resource allocation method is proposed. According to the average processing time of the task execution, the corresponding priority for task is given. The tasks with different priorities are weighted to allocate computing resources, which not only ensures that the high‐priority tasks obtain sufficient computing resources, but also reduces the total time and energy consumption to complete the calculation of all tasks, thus improving the quality of service. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance.
FIB‐4 liver fibrosis index correlates with aortic valve sclerosis in non‐alcoholic population
Authors: Durak Hüseyin , Çetin Mustafa , Emlek Nadir , Ergül Elif , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan , Öztürk Muhammet , Duman Hakan , Yılmaz Ahmet Seyda , Şatıroğlu Ömer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimHepatic fibrosis, a progressive scarring of liver tissue, is commonly caused by non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index is a non‐invasive tool used to assess liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS), a degenerative disorder characterized by thickening and calcification of valve leaflets, is prevalent in the elderly and associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that AVS may also be linked to other systemic diseases such as liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the FIB‐4 index and AVS in a non‐alcoholic population, with the hypothesis that the FIB‐4 index could serve as a potential marker for AVS.MethodA total of 92 patients were included in this study. AVS was detected using transthoracic echocardiography, and patients were divided into groups according to the presence of AVS. The FIB‐4 index was calculated for all patients and compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 17 (18.4%) patients were diagnosed AVS. Patients with AVS had higher rates of diabetes mellitus, older age, hypertension, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor use, higher systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP in the office, coronary artery disease prevalence, left atrial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and late diastolic peak flow velocity (A) compared to those without AVS. Moreover, AVS patients had significantly higher creatinine levels and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Remarkably, the FIB‐4 index was significantly higher in patients with AVS. In univariate and multivariate analyses, higher systolic BP in the office (OR, 1.044; 95% CI 1.002–1.080, p = .024) and higher FIB‐4 index (1.46 ± .6 vs. .91 ± .46, p < .001) were independently associated with AVS.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the FIB‐4 index is associated with AVS in non‐alcoholic individuals. Our results highlight the potential utility of the FIB‐4 index as a non‐invasive tool for identifying individuals at an increased risk of developing AVS.
Simultaneous onset of acute myocardial infarction, bicuspid aortic stenosis, and cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis—A clinically complex confluence
Authors: Moscoso Josh , Rojas Paol , Baltodano Roberto , Cachicatari Angela , Quiroz Jose , Velarde Kevin , Levano Gerald , Pimentel Carolina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe coexistence of bicuspid aortic valve disease and coronary artery disease is well‐established, but the identification of cardiac amyloidosis in this population has surged with advancing imaging techniques, introducing complexities in patient management. This case report emphasizes the pivotal role of multimodality imaging in accurately diagnosing three concurrent pathologies.
Gender microaggression praxis: A study of implicit prejudice faced by Afghan male students in universities in Delhi
Authors: Dochania Akanksha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImplicit prejudice can be simply understood as any negative feelings or beliefs people hold towards a particular outgroup without being aware of it. One such form is microaggression, which can be defined as everyday verbal or nonverbal subtle, unconscious putdowns, slights, or negative remarks towards members of an outgroup. One of the most common and harmful forms is gender‐based microaggression. Gender microaggression is defined as subtle, unconscious, everyday putdowns, slights, remarks, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, directed at a particular gender, notably women. Despite a plethora of literature and research on gender microaggression, the focus has predominantly been on understanding microaggressions faced by women in various domains, largely neglecting the experiences of men as victims of microaggression. One such overlooked experience is that of Afghan male students studying in universities in Delhi. Each year, thousands of students from Afghanistan travel to Delhi to pursue higher education, often unaware of the prejudices they may encounter due to associations with terms like ‘terrorism’ or ‘terrorist.’ Therefore, this paper aims to understand and study the microaggression faced by Afghan male students by employing the Gender Implicit Association Test on a sample of 103 Indian students studying in universities in Delhi, selected using a snowball sampling technique. This study adapts and modifies the Weapon‐based Implicit Association Test. The goal is to uncover the implicit biases of Indian students towards Afghan male students by examining the association (reaction time) between images of weapons and harmless objects, in conjunction with adjectives related to Afghan males and Afghan females. In other words, words or images that are congruent in our minds should result in shorter reaction times and fewer errors compared to words and images that are incongruent. The results indicate that Indian students were quicker in associating weapon images with Afghan male adjectives (D = −0.64) compared to Afghan female adjectives (D = 0.89).
Sedation with dexmedetomidine‐butorphanol or xylazine‐butorphanol continuous intravenous infusions during unilateral ovariectomy in standing donkeys
Authors: Dzikiti Tarisai B. , Maney Jill K. , Thorogood Jemma , Segabinazzi Lorenzo , Peterson Erik , Dzikiti Loveness N. , Escobar André 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous infusions of alpha‐2 adrenoceptor sedatives and opioids can potentially facilitate surgery in donkeys while standing. Literature on this subject matter is scant.ObjectivesEvaluation of efficacy of sedation from α2‐adrenoceptors (dexmedetomidine or xylazine) and butorphanol during ovariectomy in standing donkeys.Study designRandomised, masked in vivo experiment.MethodsThirteen female donkeys were sedated with butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.05 mg/kg bwt/h) IV. Concomitantly, 6 of the 13 jennies were sedated with dexmedetomidine 2.5 mcg/kg bwt followed by 2.5 mcg/kg bwt/h (Dex‐B group), while seven jennies were sedated with xylazine 0.5 mg/kg bwt followed by 0.5 mg/kg bwt/h (Xyl‐B group). A line block of the left flank and an infiltration block around uterine ligament were performed with lidocaine. While the jennies underwent ovariectomies standing, sedation scores and head height above ground were assessed at 2 and 10 min after sedative boluses and every 10 min thereafter. If sedation was too light or too deep, the dose of dexmedetomidine or xylazine was increased or decreased by 25% of the original infusion rate, while butorphanol infusion rate was constant. Physiological parameters were measured. Normally distributed data were compared using the two‐samplettest while repeatedly measured data were tested for differences between and within groups using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks followed by a Wilcoxon test with Tukey Honest Significant Difference for multiple testing. Statistical significance was set atp < 0.05.ResultsBoth Dex‐B and Xyl‐B caused moderate to marked sedation adequate for ovariectomy in donkeys. Evident sedation was absent by 60 min of termination of infusions. No adverse physiological effects were observed.Main limitationsStudy on ovariectomy cases only, no pharmacokinetic profiling.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine or xylazine and butorphanol sedation is feasible for ovariectomy in standing donkeys.