bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of absorbed dose-to-medium calculation algorithms in heterogeneous media
Authors: Delbaere Alexia , Younes Tony , Khamphan Catherine , Vieillevigne Laure 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this work was to determine heterogeneous correction factors

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to validate absorbed dose-to-medium

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calculation algorithms from detector readings. The impact of detector orientation perpendicular and parallel to the beam central axis on the correction factors was also investigated. Approach. The

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factors were calculated for four types of detectors (PTW PinPoint T31016, PTW microDiamond T60019, PTW microSilicon T60023 and EBT3 film) placed in different media (cortical bone, lung, adipose tissue, Teflon and RW3) for the 6 MV energy beam with a 10 × 10 cm2 field size. These corrections were then applied to the detector measurements performed at different depths in heterogeneous phantoms. Main results. The

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factors mainly depended on the media and slightly on the type of detector. Considering all detectors, the largest corrections were found in high-density media with values ranging from 0.911 to 0.934 in cortical bone. For comparison, the corrections in other media were closer to unity with values from 0.966 (lung and RW3) to 0.991 (adipose tissue). Except for the PinPoint T31016, detector orientation-dependence was observed especially in high-density media. A good agreement (≤1.5%) was found between

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calculations and the detector readings corrected with the

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factor for all studied heterogeneous phantoms. Significance. This paper could serve as an initial guideline for medical physicists involved in the validation of the advanced type-b dose calculation algorithms reporting

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. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the impact of the orientation of different detectors in heterogeneous media. The orientation dependence of the detector response observed in water may not reflect what is observed in heterogeneous media, especially in high-density media. The knowledge of the

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factors becomes mandatory for accurate interpretation of detector readings and comparisons with

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calculations.
Solving the MPI reconstruction problem with automatically tuned regularization parameters
Authors: Scheffler Konrad , Boberg Marija , Knopp Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the field of medical imaging, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) poses a promising non-ionizing tomographic technique with high spatial and temporal resolution. In MPI, iterative solvers are used to reconstruct the particle distribution out of the measured voltage signal based on a system matrix. The amount of regularization needed to reconstruct an image of good quality differs from measurement to measurement, depending on the MPI system and the measurement settings. Finding the right choice for the three major parameters controlling the regularization is commonly done by hand and requires time and experience. In this work, we study the reduction to a single regularization parameter and propose a method that enables automatic reconstruction. The method is qualitatively and quantitatively validated on several MPI data sets showing promising results.
Evaluation of adjacent and opposite current injection patterns for a wearable chest electrical impedance tomography system
Authors: Yang Lin , Gao Zhijun , Wang Chunchen , Wang Hang , Dai Jing , Liu Yang , Qin Yilong , Dai Meng , Cao Xinsheng , Zhao Zhanqi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. Wearable electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can be used to monitor regional lung ventilation and perfusion at the bedside. Due to its special system architecture, the amplitude of the injected current is usually limited compared to stationary EIT system. This study aims to evaluate the performance of current injection patterns with various low-amplitude currents in healthy volunteers. Approach. A total of 96 test sets of EIT measurement was recorded in 12 healthy subjects by employing adjacent and opposite current injection patterns with four amplitudes of small current (i.e. 1 mA, 500 uA, 250 uA and 125 uA). The performance of the two injection patterns with various currents was evaluated in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of thorax impedance, EIT image metrics and EIT-based clinical parameters. Main results. Compared with adjacent injection, opposite injection had higher SNR (p < 0.01), less inverse artifacts (p < 0.01), and less boundary artifacts (p < 0.01) with the same current amplitude. In addition, opposite injection exhibited more stable EIT-based clinical parameters (p < 0.01) across the current range. For adjacent injection, significant differences were found for three EIT image metrics (p < 0.05) and four EIT-based clinical parameters (p < 0.01) between the group of 125 uA and the other groups. Significance. For better performance of wearable pulmonary EIT, currents greater than 250 uA should be used in opposite injection, 500 uA in adjacent one, to ensure a high level of SNR, a high quality of reconstructed image as well as a high reliability of clinical parameters.
ECG data enhancement method using generate adversarial networks based on Bi-LSTM and CBAM
Authors: Zhou Feiyan , Li Jiajia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective. The classification performance of electrocardiogram (ECG) classification algorithms is easily affected by data imbalance, which often leads to poor model prediction performance for a few classes and a consequent decrease in the overall performance of the model. Approach. To address this problem, this paper proposed an ECG data augmentation method based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) that combines bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) networks and convolutional block attention mechanism (CBAM) to improve the overall performance of ECG classification models. In this paper, we used two ECG databases, namely the MIT-BIH arrhythmia (MIT-BIH-AR) database and the Chinese cardiovascular disease database (CCDD). The quality of the ECG signals produced by the generated models was assessed using the percent relative difference, root mean square error, Frechet distance, dynamic time warping (DTW), and Pearson correlation metrics. In addition, we also validated the impact of our proposed data augmentation method on ECG classification performance on MIT-BIH-AR database and CCDD. Main results. On the MIT-BIH-AR database, the overall accuracy of the data-enhanced balanced dataset was improved to 99.46% for 15 types of heartbeat classification task. On the CCDD, which focuses on the detection of ventricular precession (PVC), the overall accuracy of PVC detection improved to 99.15% after performing data enhancement. Significance. The experimental results indicate that the data augmentation method proposed in this paper can further improve the ECG classification performance.
Dynamic control of reflection from a metasurface with distinct modulating mechanisms
Authors: Liu Simin , Pang Yongqiang , Qu Bingyue , Li Yongfeng , Wang Jiafu , Xu Zhuo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dynamic control of the reflection from an object is much of importance in microwave engineering. In the past the tunable absorbers are usually employed to realize this goal and have been widely discussed. In this work, we propose a metasurface to offer a more flexible solution to dynamically control the reflection property. The proposed metasurface can be independently modulated by three distinct physical mechanisms. Apart from the absorption mechanism as the conventional tunable absorbers, the reflectivity of the proposed metasurface can be dynamically controlled by modulating the phase distribution profiles in the space as well as the time domains. Such flexibly dynamic reflection controlling ability is demonstrated by a series of experimental measurements. Results indicate that the tuning level of the reflectivity is more than 10 dB in a broad frequency band for the three distinct mechanisms. The proposal may find promising application in various fields, such as wireless communications and the stealth technology.
Travelling wave solutions of the Rosenau equation using exp(±φ(ξ))-expansion method*
Authors: Lin Fubiao , Yang Yang , Yang Xinxia , Zhang Qianhong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Rosenau equation has been widely used to describe important physical phenomena and dynamic processes in physics, many numerical techniques have been presented in current literature. However, it is typically difficult to obtain exact solutions and analytical methods of this equation. In this paper, the

exp
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-expansion method is proposed by making full use of the classical Burgers equation, which can be applied to find a large number of travelling wave solutions of the Rosenau equation. These obtained solutions are novel and crucial for explaining exactly certain physical wave phenomena. The method provides an extensive applicability for solving nonlinear evolution partial differential equations.
One-step additive LIFT printing of conductive elements
Authors: Nastulyavichus Alena , Kudryashov Sergey , Shelygina Svetlana , Ulturgasheva Evgenia , Dzhun Irina , Krikunova Polina , Pallaeva Тatiana , Minh Pham Hong , Duong Pham Van , Gonchukov Sergey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The feasibility of printing silver and copper conductive elements on a glass substrate in a one- step through the laser-induced forward transfer method has been successfully demonstrated. The topography of the resulting elements was analyzed, using scanning electron microscopy. Investigation of their chemical composition was conducted by means of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, revealing that both silver and copper in their metallic nanocrystalline state. The maximum specific conductivity of ≈6 kS cm−1 was achieved for both silver and copper at the optimal scanning speed of 3800 mm s−1, providing two-pulse printing with the laser transfer by the first pulse and laser annealing by the second one. The proposed method facilitates the technological additive printing process of conductive elements and rises its throughput.
Presentation of the Berry–Tabor conjecture in Lévy plates
Authors: Li 李 Chao 超 , Hou 侯 Guo-Lin 国林 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Berry–Tabor (BT) conjecture is a famous statistical inference in quantum chaos, which not only establishes the spectral fluctuations of quantum systems whose classical counterparts are integrable but can also be used to describe other wave phenomena. In this paper, the BT conjecture has been extended to Lévy plates. As predicted by the BT conjecture, level clustering is present in the spectra of Lévy plates. The consequence of level clustering is studied by introducing the distribution of nearest neighbor frequency level spacing ratios

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, which is calculated through the analytical solution obtained by the Hamiltonian approach. Our work investigates the impact of varying foundation parameters, rotary inertia, and boundary conditions on the frequency spectra, and we find that

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conforms to a Poisson distribution in all cases. The reason for the occurrence of the Poisson distribution in the Lévy plates is the independence between modal frequencies, which can be understood through mode functions.
α-particle preformation factors in heavy and superheavy nuclei*
Authors: Luo 骆 Song 松 , Zhang 张 Dong-Meng 冬萌 , Qi 亓 Lin-Jing 林静 , Chen 陈 Xun 勋 , Chu 初 Peng-Cheng 鹏程 , Li 李 Xiao-Hua 小华 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, α-particle preformation factors in heavy and superheavy nuclei from 220Th to 294Og are investigated. By combing experimental α decay energies and half-lives, the α-particle preformation factors

are extracted from the ratios between theoretical α decay half-lives calculated using the Two-Potential Approach (TPA) and experimental data. We find that the α-particle preformation factors exhibit a noticeable odd-even staggering behavior, and unpaired nucleons inhibit α-particle preformation. Moreover, we find that both the α decay energy and mass number of parent nucleus exhibit considerable regularity with the extracted experimental α-particle preformation factors. After considering the major physical factors, we propose a local phenomenological formula with only five valid parameters for α-particle preformation factors

. This analytic expression has a clear physical meaning as well as good precision. As an application, this analytic formula is extended to estimate the α-particle preformation factors and further predict the α decay half-lives for unknown even-even nuclei with Z = 118 and 120.
A comparative analysis of the cytocompatibility, protein adsorption, osteogenic and angiogenic properties of the 45S5- and S53P4-bioactive glass compositions
Authors: Westhauser Fabian , Arango-Ospina Marcela , Hupa Leena , Renkawitz Tobias , Boccaccini Aldo R , Kunisch Elke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Despite their long history of application in orthopedics, the osteogenic and angiogenic properties as well as the cytocompatibility and protein adsorption of the 45S5- (in wt%: 45.0 SiO2, 24.5 Na2O, 24.5 CaO, 6.0 P2O5) and S53P4- (in wt%: 53.0 SiO2, 23.0 Na2O, 20.0 CaO, 4.0 P2O5) bioactive glass (BG) compositions have not yet been directly compared in one and the same experimental setting. In this study, the influence of morphologically equal granules of both BGs on proliferation, viability, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic response of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) was assessed. Furthermore, their impact on vascular tube formation and adsorption of relevant proteins was evaluated. Both BGs showed excellent cytocompatibility and stimulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The 45S5-BG showed enhanced stimulation of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) gene expression and protein production compared to S53P4-BG. While gene expression and protein production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were stimulated, both BGs had only limited influence on tubular network formation. 45S5-BG adsorbed a higher portion of proteins, namely BMP2 and VEGF, on its surface. In conclusion, both BGs show favorable properties with slight advantages for 45S5-BG. Since protein adsorption on BG surfaces is important for their biological performance, the composition of the proteome formed by osteogenic cells cultured on BGs should be analyzed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that are responsible for BG-mediated stimulation of osteogenic differentiation.
Optimization of hybrid gelatin-polysaccharide bioinks exploiting thiol-norbornene chemistry using a reducing additive
Authors: Carpentier Nathan , Parmentier Laurens , Van der Meeren Louis , Skirtach André G , Dubruel Peter , Van Vlierberghe Sandra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Thiol-norbornene chemistry offers great potential in the field of hydrogel development, given its step growth crosslinking mechanism. However, limitations exist with regard to deposition-based bioprinting of thiol-containing hydrogels, associated with premature crosslinking of thiolated (bio)polymers resulting from disulfide formation in the presence of oxygen. More specifically, disulfide formation can result in an increase in viscosity thereby impeding the printing process. In the present work, hydrogels constituting norbornene-modified dextran (DexNB) combined with thiolated gelatin (GelSH) are selected as case study to explore the potential of incorporating the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), to prevent the formation of disulfides. We observed that, in addition to preventing disulfide formation, TCEP also contributed to premature, spontaneous thiol-norbornene crosslinking without the use of UV light as evidenced via 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Herein, an optimal concentration of 25 mol% TCEP with respect to the amount of thiols was found, thereby limiting auto-gelation by both minimizing disulfide formation and spontaneous thiol-norbornene reaction. This concentration results in a constant viscosity during at least 24 h, a more homogeneous network being formed as evidenced using atomic force microscopy while retaining bioink biocompatibility as evidenced by a cell viability of human foreskin fibroblasts exceeding 70% according to ISO 10993-6:2016.
Nanoparticles loaded with β-Lapachone and Fe3+ exhibit enhanced chemodynamic therapy by producing H2O2 through cascaded amplification
Authors: Yang Yibo , Zhang Jia , Liu Shihe , Zhang Xin , Bai Zhimin , Wang Shuai , Li Kun , Shi Ming , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Jidong , Li Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rapid, irreversible change of active Fe2+ to inactive Fe3+ after the Fenton reaction occurring reduces the chemodynamic therapeutic (CDT) effect. Therefore, manipulation of the tumor microenvironment to provide sufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while maintaining metal ion catalyst activity is critical for effective CDT. Here, β-Lapachone (LPC) was loaded by mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and coated with polydopamine (PDA) to further chelate Fe3+ and link aptamer AS1411, and a pH-controlled released, chemotherapy-photothermal therapy (PTT)-enhanced CDT-small molecule therapy combination drug delivery system with passive and active tumor targeting was engineered (designated as β-LPC@MSN@PDA/Fe3+-AS1411, LMPFA). The results showed that LFMPA nanoparticles massively accumulated in tumor tissues to achieve tumor targeting through AS1411 mediating and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Subsequently, PDA released Fe3+ and LPC through acid response to exhibited CDT and chemotherapeutic therapy. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect of PDA promoted the release of LPC from the pores of MSN. LPC exerted chemotherapy effect and cyclically producing of H2O2 by the catalysis of NQO1, which enhanced the CDT activated by Fe3+. In addition, while serving as a targeted ligand, AS1411 could also exhibit a small molecule therapeutic effect by binding to nucleoli of tumor cells. This unique nano delivery system achieved the combination of chemotherapy, PTT, enhanced CDT and small molecule therapy, and fought against malignant tumors synergistically through multi-target and multi-dimension.
Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Qian Xiao Xian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation (FC) have never been revealed. To address this, this prospective cohort was conducted with 100 FC patients, who were divided into a halitosis group and a negative group. Organoleptic score (OLS) ⩾ 2 in nose breath was diagnosed as extra-oral halitosis. Concentration of overall volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) measured by Halimeter, concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and their total amount measured by OralChroma in nose breath was recorded as C-VSC, C-HS, C-MT, C-DMS and C-sum respectively. We found that 82% (82/100) of the FC patients had extra-oral halitosis. However, only 12.5% (3/82) and 1.22% (1/82) of halitosis group were correctly diagnosed with the current diagnostic threshold of C-VSC ⩾ 110 parts per billion (ppb) and ⩾150 ppb. C-VSC, C-DMS and C-sum were significantly higher in the halitosis group compared to the negative group (all P < 0.001), with ratios of about 2.2 times, 3.1 times and 2.1 times respectively. C-HS and C-MT were low and not significantly different between the groups. Positive correlations were observed among OLS, C-VSC, C-DMS and C-sum. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristics of C-VSC, C-DMS and C-sum for predicting FC-induced halitosis was 0.909, 0.9073 and 0.962 respectively, with the threshold values of ⩾36 ppb, ⩾52 ppb and ⩾75 ppb respectively. Therefore, we conclude that: (1) DMS is the primary contributor to FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (2) OLS, Halimeter and OralChroma are consistent in detecting FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (3) The diagnostic threshold for Halimeter should be adjusted to C-VSC ⩾ 36 ppb and the diagnostic threshold for OralChroma should be set as C-DMS ⩾ 52 ppb for diagnosing FC-induced extra-oral halitosis.
Transient slow motion of a porous sphere
Authors: Yu Chan W , Keh Huan J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The start-up creeping motion of a porous spherical particle, which models a permeable polymer coil or floc of nanoparticles, in an incompressible Newtonian fluid generated by the sudden application of a body force is investigated for the first time. The transient Stokes and Brinkman equations governing the fluid velocities outside and inside the porous sphere, respectively, are solved by using the Laplace transform. An analytical formula for the transient velocity of the particle as a function of relevant parameters is obtained. As expected, the particle velocity increases over time, and a particle with greater mass density lags behind a corresponding less dense particle in the growth of the particle velocity. In general, the transient velocity is an increasing function of the porosity of the particle. On the other hand, a porous particle with a higher fluid permeability will have a greater transient velocity than the same particle with a lower permeability, but may trail behind the less permeable particle in the percentage growth of the velocity. The acceleration of the porous particle is a monotonic decreasing function of the elapsed time and a monotonic increasing function of its fluid permeability. In particular, the transient behavior of creeping motions of porous particles may be much more important than that of impermeable particles.
Environmental regulation, energy consumption structure, and industrial pollution emissions
Authors: Chen Fangli , Shao Mimi , Chen Weitong , Wang Furu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
China has become the world’s largest carbon emitter due to its high-investment, low-efficiency development model. It is urgent to reduce industrial pollution emissions. This study analyzes the impact of environmental regulation intensity and energy consumption structure on industrial SO2 pollution emissions by establishing a fixed-effect regression model based on panel data from 2009 to 2018 in China. The results show that the overall environmental regulation intensity in China has a significant negative effect on industrial pollution emissions. In other words, increasing the level of environmental regulation is conducive to reducing industrial pollution emissions. The proportion of coal consumption in the overall national energy consumption structure directly and positively correlated with the concentration of industrial pollution emissions. Due to the differences in economic development and industrial foundation, the pollution emissions effect shows significant heterogeneity in the eastern and western regions of China under the constraint of environmental regulation. Based on these conclusions, this article proposes policy recommendations from four aspects: (1) strengthen environmental regulation, and pay attention to optimize the form of environmental regulation. For example, in the West of China, the government can encourage enterprises to carry out technological innovation and develop green energy hubs by policy and financial support; (2)improve the energy consumption structure, such as encouraging green production; (3) promote industrial structure adjustment and upgrading, such as promoting the energy saving transformation of energy-intensive enterprises, developing green technologies, and reducing the carbon emissions of industrial industries; (4)improve the foreign investment access system and guiding foreign investment to invest in key environmental protection projects.