bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of Particulate Matters from Separated Plume Stacks using Discrete Phase Modelling
Authors: Ajay Adithya , Yadav Aditya , Paul Akshoy Ranjan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dispersion of particulate matter from plume stacks of industries is crucial in analysing the extent of air pollution. Particulate matter is highly influenced by gravity causing it settle quickly. Dispersion of pollutants from dual plume stack separated by a certain distance is analysed here. Dual stack is effective in shielding the downstream plume causing it to spread vertically higher than single stack. PM10 particles are emitted along with gaseous pollutants from the stack in to the atmosphere having a temperature gradient of -0.2K/100 m. Particles from the stack disperse to higher distance from the ground when there is pollutant gas along with it. Furthermore, presence of discreet plumes causes splitting of the upstream one in horizontal direction causing the particles to spread more. Present study helps to monitor the spreading of particulate matter from plume stacks.
Cooling Tower Plume and Drift Concentration in presence of Urban Canyon
Authors: Baliyan Roopak , Verma Shalini , Paul Akshoy Ranjan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a computational analysis of the cooling tower plume and drift emitted by mechanical draught cooling towers situated in urban areas. The data from the Wang X (2019) and Briggs plume lift height formula are used to prove results obtained from computational Modeling of cooling tower drift and it was found to be effective. The simulation setup uses a multiphase mixture model for plume analysis and DPM for analysis of drift in the Ansys fluent. The CFD simulation results are accurate within 50 to 100 m with the Briggs plume lift height formula. The effect of wind coming from urban canyons on the cooling tower results in decreased plume lift height and increase drift concentration and deposition rate on the ground.
The possibility of creating an ICSID protocol for the establishment of a multilateral investment tribunal: A flexible or complex process.
Authors: Alkhayer J , Gupta N , Gupta C M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was introduced in 2015 with its 16th goal which has targeted enhancing the concepts of the rule of law and universal access to justice. This goal, along with the current trend of directing investment projects towards sustainable development, has brought the mechanisms for investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) into the spotlight in the realm of global investment.
Recently, based on a different vision that was supported, especially by the European Union, a new approach to ISDS emerged that is characterized by fundamental differences from the well-known approach represented in the ICSID system. Whereas providing facilities to settle and arbitrate the investment disputes between a state member and investors belonging to another state member over several decades by the ICSID system made it a key player in the administration of the ISDS system. The fundamental differences adopted by the new EU’s model represent a serious challenge to the ICSID system. Especially if this new system proves to be effective and widely used and inserted in future international investment agreements (IIAs), the ICSID will be required to make adjustments that are compatible with this new system.
Due to the complexity of the process of amendment to the ICSID convention, as it requires unanimous consent by all member states, the present paper, by analysing some historical stations of the functional and administrative context of the ICSID, examines the flexibility of the ICSID convention to establish a protocol that includes the features of the new system without resorting to amending the convention. The paper concludes that the ICSID enjoys the flexibility necessary to establish this protocol. Finally, the paper presents the motives and benefits envisioned for the establishment of this protocol.
Contributing Factors for the Increased Inter-arm Systolic Blood Pressure Difference in Different Age Groups
Authors: Zhu Ying , Cao Qhuan , Dong Wenli , Tian Qi , Mu Ruiwa , Qin Di , Zhang Xinlei , Yang Hui , Wu Shouling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To explore the contributing factors for the increased inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) in young, middle-aged, and elderly people.

METHODS
A total of 51,428 workers in Kailuan who underwent arteriosclerosis detection of extremities during physical examination from 2010 to 2020 were selected as the subjects. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the age segment proposed by the World Health Organization: young, middle-aged, and elderly group. Each age group was subsequently divided into 2 groups according to whether the IASBPD was increased: IASBPD 15 mm Hg and IASBPD &gt;15 mm Hg group. The detection rate of IASBPD &gt;15 mm Hg in each age group was calculated, and the contributing factors of IASBPD &gt;15 mm Hg in different age groups were analyzed via multifactor logistic regression model.

RESULTS
The detection rate of IASBPD &gt;15 mm Hg was 15.65% in all the subjects, and it was 12.90%, 15.28%, and 20.69% in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, respectively (χ2 = 343.83, P &lt; 0.01). In all the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, the risk factors for IASBPD &gt;15 mm Hg included decreased ankle–brachial index (ABI), elevated body mass index (overweight and obesity), male, elevated brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and hypertension. Furthermore, elevated high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was a risk factor for increased IASBPD in young people (odds ratio [OR] = l.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.04). And elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was a risk factor (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15) for increased IASBPD in middle-aged people, and the high level of education was a protective factor (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.94). Diabetes (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.16–1.42) and old age (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02) were risk factors for increased IASBPD in the elderly people, and high level of education (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.95) and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.72–0.93) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONS
The detection rate of IASBPD &gt;15 mm Hg increases with the increase of age in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups. Decreased ABI, elevated overweight obesity, male, elevated baPWV, and hypertension are common risk factors for increases IASBPD in 3 age groups. Furthermore, elevated hsCRP, elevated LDL-C, diabetes mellitus, and old age are risk factors for increased IASBPD in young, middle-aged, and elderly group, respectively.
Chronology of Practice: Chinese Practice in Private International Law in 2022
Authors: HE Qisheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This survey contains materials reflecting the Chinese practice of private international law in 2022. Firstly, the changes in the statutory framework of private international law in China include two legislative acts and one administrative regulation. Moreover, three international treaties in this regard were ratified by the National People’s Congress. Secondly, three judicial interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court (“SPC”) were adopted or amended, and 56 typical cases in six judicial documents on different topics were issued by the SPC. Thirdly, four typical cases on Chinese courts’ jurisdiction; 14 cases on choice of laws on various issues such as foreign investment contracts and negative lists, rights in rem, life insurance contracts and mandatory rules; one case on international judicial assistance rendered to an Argentinean court; three cases on interim measures; three cases on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments; nine cases on international arbitration including international sports arbitration and foreign awards, are selected in this survey for their emerging significance. Fourthly, the provisions regarding the extraterritorial application of Chinese laws have been identified for the first time in this series of surveys, shedding light on this aspect of private international law in China. They include those contained in, inter alia, China’s Anti-Monopoly Law, Anti-foreign Sanctions Law, Export Control Law, Securities Law, the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures, as well as the Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List.
Key Recommendations for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Takeaways From the CAPTURA Project
Authors: Aboushady Ahmed Taha , Sujan Mohammad Julhas , Pham Kien , Clark Adam , Marks Florian , Holm Marianne , Joh Hea Sun , Poudyal Nimesh , Stelling John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health challenge associated with 4.95 million deaths in 2019 and an estimated 10 million deaths per year by 2050 in the absence of coordinated action. A robust AMR surveillance system is therefore required to avert such a scenario. Based on an analysis of country-level AMR data in 8 Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia (CAPTURA) countries, we present a list of key recommendations to strengthen AMR surveillance. We propose 10 primary considerations under 3 broad categories, including recommendations on (1) laboratory and testing practices, (2) data management and analysis, and (3) data use.
CAPTURA Regional Workshop Proceedings (28–30 June 2022, Virtual)
Authors: Joh Hea Sun , Dolabella Brooke , Early Emmanuel , Stelling John , Ak Gabriella , Upadhyaya Madan Kumar , Rahman Aninda , Chuki Pem , MacWright William R , Ondoa Pascale , Sarkar Satyajit , Moore Catrin , Holm Marianne , Leslie Toby , Zellweger Raphaël M , Paing Giyoung , Kwon Soo Young , Marks Florian , Poudyal Nimesh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In response to the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia (CAPTURA) project worked with microbiology laboratories, pharmacies, and local governments in South Asia and Southeast Asia to expand the volume of historical and current data available on AMR and antimicrobial use and to identify gaps in data and areas for quality improvement. When the CAPTURA project completed its country-level engagement in the first half of 2022, the consortium brought together local, regional, and global AMR stakeholders for a virtual regional workshop to review data outputs from the project and share strategies to inform national and regional efforts to combat AMR. This paper summarizes the main topics presented in the workshop held from 28 to 30 June 2022. As such, it highlights lessons learned from the project and strategies to fight AMR. Although CAPTURA has been invaluable to countries and information from the project is already being used, barriers concerning data quality and sharing remain. Regional-level initiatives should continue to build on the momentum gained from the CAPTURA project in supporting national-level surveillance and data quality improvements to inform critical decisions around planning, policies, and clinical care. Project findings have highlighted that issues with antimicrobial resistance and use are wide ranging across countries. Going forward, building on the current foundations and tailoring approaches to meet local needs and capacities will be fundamental in combatting AMR.
Methodological Approach to Identify and Expand the Volume of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Data in the Human Health Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Asia: Implications for Local and Regional AMR Surveillance Systems Strengthening
Authors: Joh Hea Sun , Yeats Corin , Shaw Alina , Poudyal Nimesh , Gallagher Patrick , Kim Jong-Hoon , Shaikh Affan , Seo Hye Jin , Chi Kyu-young Kevin , Prifti Kristi , Cho Alyssa , Sujan Mohammad Julhas , Eraly Emmanuel , Pham Kien Duc , Shrestha Subha , Aboushady Ahmed Taha , Pak Gideok , Jang GeunHyeog , Park Eun Lyeong , Seo Hyeong-Won , Abudahab Khalil , Taylor Ben E W , Clark Adam , Dolabella Brooke , Yoon Hyein , Han Jihyun , Kwon Soo Young , Marks Florian , Stelling John , Aanensen David M , MacWright William R , Holm Marianne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted global health problem disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Capturing data on Antimicrobial resistance Patterns and Trends in Use in Regions of Asia (CAPTURA) project was tasked to expand the volume of AMR and antimicrobial use data in Asia. The CAPTURA project used 2 data-collection streams: facility data and project metadata. Project metadata constituted information collected to map out data sources and assess data quality, while facility data referred to the retrospective data collected from healthcare facilities. A down-selection process, labelled “the funnel approach” by the project, was adopted to use the project metadata in prioritizing and selecting laboratories for retrospective AMR data collection. Moreover, the metadata served as a guide for understanding the AMR data once they were collected. The findings from CAPTURA's metadata add to the current discourse on the limitation of AMR data in LMICs. There is generally a low volume of AMR data generated as there is a lack of microbiology laboratories with sufficient antimicrobial susceptibility testing capacity. Many laboratories in Asia are still capturing data on paper, resulting in scattered or unused data not readily accessible or shareable for analyses. There is also a lack of clinical and epidemiological data captured, impeding interpretation and in-depth understanding of the AMR data. CAPTURA's experience in Asia suggests that there is a wide spectrum of capacity and capability of microbiology laboratories within a country and region. As local AMR surveillance is a crucial instrument to inform context-specific measures to combat AMR, it is important to understand and assess current capacity-building needs while implementing activities to enhance surveillance systems.
The Southern European Atlantic diet and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a European multicohort study
Authors: Carballo-Casla Adrián , Stefler Denes , Ortolá Rosario , Chen Yuntao , Knuppel Anika , Kubinova Ruzena , Pajak Andrzej , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Brunner Eric J , Bobak Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aims
The Southern European Atlantic diet (SEAD) is the traditional dietary pattern of northwestern Spain and northern Portugal, but it may resemble that of central, eastern, and western European countries. The SEAD has been found associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction and mortality in older adults, but it is uncertain whether this association also exists in other European populations and if it is similar as that found in its countries of origin.

Methods and results
We conducted a prospective analysis of four cohorts with 35 917 subjects aged 18–96 years: ENRICA (Spain), HAPIEE (Czechia and Poland), and Whitehall II (United Kingdom). The SEAD comprised fresh fish, cod, red meat and pork products, dairy, legumes and vegetables, vegetable soup, potatoes, whole-grain bread, and moderate wine consumption. Associations were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, energy intake, lifestyle, and morbidity. After a median follow-up of 13.6 years (range = 0–15), we recorded 4 973 all-cause, 1 581 cardiovascular, and 1 814 cancer deaths. Higher adherence to the SEAD was associated with lower mortality in the pooled sample. Fully adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval per 1-standard deviation increment in the SEAD were 0.92 (0.89, 0.95), 0.91 (0.86, 0.96), and 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, respectively. The association of the SEAD with all-cause mortality was not significantly different between countries [Spain = 0.93 (0.88, 0.99), Czechia = 0.94 (0.89,0.99), Poland = 0.89 (0.85, 0.93), United Kingdom = 0.98 (0.89, 1.07); P for interaction = 0.16].

Conclusion
The SEAD was associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in southern, central, eastern, and western European populations. Associations were of similar magnitude as those found for existing healthy dietary patterns.
Tarim rotation mechanism and the differential deformation responses along the Tian Shan
Authors: Cui Qihua , Huangfu Pengpeng , Li Zhong-Hai , Zhao Junmeng , Pei Xu , Shi Yaolin 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARY
Rotation of rigid blocks within continental interiors far from the plate convergence boundary is an unusual process, the dynamics of which is not clear. The Tarim block, as a rigid Precambrian block in central Asia, is surrounded by the Tibetan–Pamir plateau to the south and Tian Shan mountains to the north. Numerous geophysical data suggested that the Tarim block experienced significant clockwise rotation in the Cenozoic. Meanwhile, contrasting deformation patterns and associated topographic responses were observed between the western–central and eastern Tian Shan. The relationship among the India–Asia collision, Tarim rotation, and Tian Shan responses are poorly constrained. Here, a series of large-scale, high-resolution 3-D numerical models were constructed. The model results reveal that the collision of the indenting Indian lithosphere with the southwestern rim of the Tarim block triggers clockwise rotation of the Tarim block. Further on, the Tarim rotation produces differential deformation responses along the strike of Tian Shan, that is convergence-induced higher compression and strong uplifting in central Tian Shan but divergence-induced less compression and moderate uplifting in eastern Tian Shan. Thus, the Tarim rotation serves as an indispensable linkage between the Tibetan plateau evolution and the far-field Tian Shan activation.
Excess mortality in residents of aged care facilities during COVID-19 in Australia, 2019–22
Authors: Inacio Maria C , Davies Ling , Jorissen Robert , Air Tracy , Eshetie Tesfahun , Mittinty Murthy , Caughey Gillian , Miller Caroline , Wesselingh Steve 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
To date, the excess mortality experienced by residential aged care facility (RACF) residents related to COVID-19 has not been estimated in Australia. This study examined (i) the historical mortality trends (2008–09 to 2021–22) and (ii) the excess mortality (2019–20 to 2021–22) of Australian RACF residents.

Methods
A retrospective population-based study was conducted using the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare’s GEN website data (publicly available aged care services information). Non-Aboriginal, older (≥65 years old) RACF residents between 2008–09 and 2021–22 were evaluated. The observed mortality rate was estimated from RACF exits compared with the RACF cohort yearly. Direct standardization was employed to estimate age-standardized mortality rates and 95% CIs. Excess mortality and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) for 2019–20 to 2021–22 were estimated using four negative binomial (NB) and NB generalized additive models and compared.

Results
The age-standardized mortality rate in 2018–19 was 23 061/100 000 residents (95% CI, 22 711–23 412). This rate remained similar in 2019–20 (23 023/100 000; 95% CI, 22 674–23 372), decreased in 2020–21 (22 559/100 000; 95% CI, 22 210–22 909) and increased in 2021–22 (24 885/100 000; 95% CI, 24 543–25 227). The mortality rate increase between 2020–21 and 2021–22 was observed in all age and sex groups. All models yielded excess mortality in 2021–22. Using the best-performing model (NB), the excess mortality for 2019–20 was –160 (95% PI, –418 to 98), –958 (95% PI, –1279 to –637) for 2020–21 and 4896 (95% PI, 4503–5288) for 2021–22.

Conclusions
In 2021–22, RACF residents, who represented &lt;1% of the population, experienced 21% of the Australian national excess mortality (4896/22 886). As Australia adjusts to COVID-19, RACF residents remain a population vulnerable to COVID-19.
IL-32 Drives the Differentiation of Cardiotropic CD4+ T Cells Carrying HIV DNA in People With HIV
Authors: Ramani Hardik , Gosselin Annie , Bunet Rémi , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali , Sylla Mohamed , Pagliuzza Amélie , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Routy Jean-Pierre , Goulet Jean-Philippe , Thomas Réjean , Trottier Benoit , Martel-Laferrière Valérie , Fortin Claude , Chomont Nicolas , Fromentin Rémi , Landay Alan L , Durand Madeleine , Ancuta Petronela , El-Far Mohamed , Tremblay Cecile 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a potent multi-isoform proinflammatory cytokine, which is upregulated in people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the impact of IL-32 isoforms on CD4 T-cell cardiotropism, a mechanism potentially contributing to heart inflammation, remains unknown. Here we show that IL-32 isoforms β and γ induce the generation of CCR4+CXCR3+ double positive (DP) memory CD4 T-cell subpopulation expressing the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met, a phenotype associated with heart-homing of T cells. Our ex vivo studies on PWH show that the frequency of DP CD4 T cells is significantly higher in individuals with, compared to individuals without, subclinical atherosclerosis and that DP cells from antiretroviral-naive and treated individuals are highly enriched with HIV DNA. Together, these data demonstrate that IL-32 isoforms have the potential to induce heart-homing of HIV-infected CD4 T cells, which may further aggravate heart inflammation and CVD in PWH.
The Association Between Antibody Responses and Prolonged Viable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Shedding in Immunocompromised Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lim So Yun , Kim Jun-Won , Kim Ji Yeun , Kang Sung-Woon , Jang Choi-Young , Chang Euijin , Yang Jeong-Sun , Kim Kyung-Chang , Jang Hee-Chang , Kim Da Sol , Shin Younmin , Lee Joo-Yeon , Kim Sung-Han 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were prospectively enrolled from March to November 2022 to understand the association between antibody responses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shedding. A total of 62 patients were analyzed, and the results indicated a faster decline in genomic and subgenomic viral RNA in patients with higher neutralizing and S1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (both P &lt; .001). Notably, high neutralizing antibody levels were associated with a significantly faster decrease in viable virus cultures (P = .04). Our observations suggest the role of neutralizing antibodies in prolonged virus shedding in immunocompromised patients, highlighting the potential benefits of enhancing their humoral immune response through vaccination or monoclonal antibody treatments.
Steps towards eliminating Hansen's disease stigma
Authors: Deps Patrícia , Delboni Lucas , Oliveira Thauyra I A , Collin Simon M , Andrade Maria A , Maciel Ethel L N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Persons affected by Hansen's disease (PAHD) can develop long-term physical disabilities and psychological problems if the disease is not managed promptly and correctly. The complex and multi-faceted nature of stigma related to Hansen's Disease, and the discrimination arising from it, demands multiple parallel steps to improve the health, well-being and lived experience of People Affected by Hansen's Disease, including: 1) adoption and pursuance of a human rights based approach; 2) revocation of discriminatory laws; 3) education and training for healthcare workers; 4) new techniques and therapies to diagnose and treat HD without side-effects and to reduce risk of disabilities; 5) elimination of stigmatising terminology.