bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-flow nasal cannula use in pediatric patients for other indications than acute bronchiolitis—a scoping review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Salmi Heli , Wärnhjelm Elina , Näse-Ståhlhammar Saija , Kiviranta Panu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of the study is to summarize current literature on high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use for different indications in pediatric patient excluding acute bronchiolitis and neonatal care. The study design is a systematic scoping review. Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in February, 2023. All abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trials focusing on HFNC use in pediatric patients (age < 18 years) were included. Studies focusing on acute bronchiolitis and neonatal respiratory conditions were excluded. Study quality was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool. The main outcomes are patient groups and indications, key outcomes, and risk of bias. After screening 1276 abstracts, we included 22 full reports. Risk of bias was low in 11 and high in 5 studies. We identified three patient groups where HFNC has been studied: first, children requiring primary respiratory support for acute respiratory failure; second, perioperative use for either intraprocedural oxygenation or postoperative respiratory support; and third, post-extubation care in pediatric intensive care for other than postoperative patients. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed as key outcomes. None of the studies analyzed cost-effectiveness.Conclusion: This systematic scoping review provides an overview of current evidence for HFNC use in pediatric patients. Future studies should aim for better quality and include economic evaluation with cost-effectiveness analysis.Protocol registration: Protocol has been published https://osf.io/a3y46/.

What is Known:• High flow nasal cannula has been effective in acute bronchiolitis and neonatal respiratory care.• The use of HFNC on other conditions is also common and increasing, but the evidence supporting this has not been previously summarized.

What is New:• We found that HFNC has been studies in relatively few studies in children for other indication than bronchiolitis.• We indetified three main patient populations for which HFNC has been studied: perioperative patients, postintubation patients in intensive care units, and as primary support in acute respiratory failures. None of the studies have estimated possible cost-effectiveness of HFNC, compared to alternative strategies.
Machado-Joseph disease in a Sudanese family links East Africa to Portuguese families and allows reestimation of ancestral age of the Machado lineage
Authors: Martins Sandra , Yahia Ashraf , Costa Inês P. D. , Siddig Hassab E. , Abubaker Rayan , Koko Mahmoud , Corral-Juan Marc , Matilla-Dueñas Antoni , Brice Alexis , Durr Alexandra , Leguern Eric , Ranum Laura P. W. , Amorim António , Elsayed Liena E. O. , Stevanin Giovanni , Sequeiros Jorge 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMachado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is the most frequent dominant ataxia worldwide. It is caused by a (CAG)n expansion. MJD has two major ancestral backgrounds: the Machado lineage, found mainly in Portuguese families; and the Joseph lineage, present in all five continents, probably originating in Asia. MJD has been described in a few African and African-American families, but here we report the first diagnosed in Sudan to our knowledge. The proband presented with gait ataxia at age 24; followed by muscle cramps and spasticity, and dysarthria, by age 26; he was wheel-chair bound at 29 years of age. His brother had gait problems from age 20 years and, by age 21, lost the ability to run, showed dysarthria and muscle cramps. To assess the mutational origin of this family, we genotyped 30 SNPs and 7 STRs flanking the ATXN3_CAG repeat in three siblings and the non-transmitting father. We compared the MJD haplotype segregating in the family with our cohort of MJD families from diverse populations. Unlike all other known families of African origin, the Machado lineage was observed in Sudan, being shared with 86 Portuguese, 2 Spanish and 2 North-American families. The STR-based haplotype of Sudanese patients, however, was distinct, being four steps (2 STR mutations and 2 recombinations) away from the founder haplotype shared by 47 families, all of Portuguese extraction. Based on the phylogenetic network constructed with all MJD families of the Machado lineage, we estimated a common ancestry at 3211 ± 693 years ago.
Robust mixed FE for analyses of higher-order electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric solids
Authors: Serrao Prince Henry , Kozinov Sergey 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDirect flexoelectricity is a size-dependent phenomenon, very prominent at smaller scales, that connects the strain gradients and the electric field. The very existence of strain gradients enhances noncentrosymmetry and heightens the interaction between piezoelectricity and flexoelectricity, demanding fully coupled higher-order electromechanical formulations. The numerical instability of the existing finite elements used to model flexoelectricity alone is revealed due to their reliance on the stabilization parameter. Thus, two new finite elements () and () are proposed for mixed FEM that are numerically robust without any need of such stabilization parameters. Additionally, the existing finite element [ in (Deng et al. in J Appl Mech 84:081004, 2017)], is implemented from scratch to replicate known results and benchmark the performance of newly proposed finite elements. To verify the robustness of these elements, various benchmark problems for flexoelectricity in dielectric solids, such as a thick cylinder and truncated pyramid are simulated. The great agreement of the numerical results with the existing ones reflects the foundational nature of the proposed elements. Furthermore, the proposed mixed finite elements were used to successfully analyze cantilever beam and truncated pyramid problems where piezoelectric effects were taken into account for the first time. Current results are intrumental in simulating flexoelectricity and piezoelectricity together to highlight their interactions using newly proposed numerically robust finite elements.
Circulating serotonin and dopamine concentrations in osteoarthritis patients: a pilot study on the effect of pelotherapy
Authors: Gálvez Isabel , Hinchado María Dolores , Otero Eduardo , Navarro María Carmen , Ortega-Collazos Eduardo , Martín-Cordero Leticia , Torres-Piles Silvia Teresa , Ortega Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBalneotherapy has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the management of pathologies involving low-grade inflammation and stress. In rheumatic conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA), this therapy presents anti-inflammatory properties and potential to improve psychological well-being. Although the neurohormones serotonin and dopamine are known to be involved in these processes, surprisingly they have not been studied in this context. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a cycle of balneotherapy with peloids (pelotherapy) on circulating serotonin and dopamine concentrations in a group of aged individuals with OA, after comparing their basal state to that of an age-matched control group. In our pilot study, a pelotherapy program (10 days) was carried out in a group of 16 elderly patients with OA, evaluating its effects on circulating serotonin and dopamine concentrations (measured by ELISA). Individuals with OA showed higher levels of serotonin and lower dopamine levels, in line with the inflammatory roles of these mediators. After pelotherapy, serotonin concentrations significantly decreased, potentially contributing to the previously reported anti-inflammatory effects of balneotherapy.
Quality–diversity optimization of decision trees for interpretable reinforcement learning
Authors: Ferigo Andrea , Custode Leonardo Lucio , Iacca Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the current Artificial Intelligence (AI) landscape, addressing explainability and interpretability in Machine Learning (ML) is of critical importance. In fact, the vast majority of works on AI focus on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), which are not interpretable, as they are extremely hard to inspect and understand for humans. This is a crucial disadvantage of these methods, which hinders their trustability in high-stakes scenarios. On the other hand, interpretable models are considerably easier to inspect, which allows humans to test them exhaustively, and thus trust them. While the fields of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and Interpretable Artificial Intelligence (IAI) are progressing in supervised settings, the field of Interpretable Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is falling behind. Several approaches leveraging Decision Trees (DTs) for IRL have been proposed in recent years. However, all of them use goal-directed optimization methods, which may have limited exploration capabilities. In this work, we extend a previous study on the applicability of Quality–Diversity (QD) algorithms to the optimization of DTs for IRL. We test the methods on two well-known Reinforcement Learning (RL) benchmark tasks from OpenAI Gym, comparing their results in terms of score and “illumination” patterns. We show that using QD algorithms is an effective way to explore the search space of IRL models. Moreover, we find that, in the context of DTs for IRL, QD approaches based on MAP-Elites (ME) and its variant Covariance Matrix Adaptation MAP-Elites (CMA-ME) can significantly improve convergence speed over the goal-directed approaches.
Open reduction and internal fixation of modified Mason type III/IV radial head fractures with more than three fragments: an analysis of the clinical outcome and reoperation rate
Authors: Helmstetter Timothée , Maniglio Mauro , Fornaciari Paolo , Tannast Moritz , Vial Philippe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
It is generally accepted that a radial head fracture (RHF) with more than three parts is not suitable for repair; therefore, most authors suggest straightforward radial head arthroplasty (RHA). With up to 20% risk for reoperation after RHA, improvement in reduction and fixation techniques may represent a valuable alternative before further extending the indications for arthroplasty. To determine the functional results and radiological failure rate after osteosynthesis of multi-fragmentary RHF with more than three articular fragments. We specifically determined (1) the one-year Broberg and Morrey functional elbow score, (2) duration of fracture healing, (3) complication rate, and (4) number of patients converted to RHA.

Methods
This study is a retrospective single-center case series. All patients who underwent primary osteosynthesis for RHF between 2012 and 2019 were included. Nine patients with an average age of 52 years had an average clinical and/or radiological follow-up of 49 months.

Results
The preoperative imaging identified nine fractures with four fragments. Three patients underwent osteosynthesis with plates and screws, whereas six patients underwent osteosynthesis with only screws. The mean Broberg and Morrey score was 95 points. Overall, eight of the nine patients had satisfactory results. All patients retained their radial heads and showed radiological fracture healing. Only two patients presented with low-grade complications requiring no further surgery.

Conclusion
Our study showed that osteosynthesis of RHF with up to four fragments can achieve good functional results with a low complication rate and seems to be a valid alternative to RHA.
Rhizospheric Addition of Hydrogel Polymer and Zeolite Plus Glutathione Mitigate the Hazard Effects of Water Deficiency On Common Bean Plants Through Enhancing the Defensive Antioxidants
Authors: Doklega Samar M. A. , Saudy Hani S. , El-Sherpiny M. A. , El-Yazied Ahmed Abou , Abd El-Gawad Hany G. , Ibrahim Mohamed F. M. , Abd El-Hady Mahmoud A. M. , Omar Mohamed M. A. , Metwally Amr A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrently, the world is facing many troubles in crop production and the irrigation water deficit is the most harmful among them. Saving irrigation water is the main target for all countries of the world, especially in arid areas. Field trial was executed aiming to assess the influence of irrigation regimes (100, 80 and 60% of irrigation requirements, IR (IR100, IR80 and IR60, respectively), water-absorbent substances (control, hydrogel polymer and zeolite as soil addition) and foliar application of glutathione (GSH) [with GSH or without] on the performance of common bean plants. Findings clarified that plant fresh weight obtained with the combination of IR80 × zeolite × GSH had no significant differences with the superior combination of IR100 × hydrogel polymer or zeolite × GSH. Hydrogel polymer plus GSH supply showed distinctive enhancements for N, P and K accumulation in common bean leaves. Application of zeolite plus GSH reduced the accumulation of POX and CAT by 21.8 and 15.5% under IR80 and 16.1 and 7.6% under IR60, respectively. Spraying of GSH × hydrogel polymer under IR100, IR80 and IR60 significantly increased the value of pods yield by 26.5%, 25.23% and 32.80, respectively, as compared to corresponding control treatment. the interaction of IR100 and hydrogel polymer whether with or without GSH showed the highest significant values of N, P, protein, fiber, carbohydrates percentages and TDS. Briefly, it can be concluded that water holding amendments i.e., polymer and zeolite as well as low-molecular-weight antioxidants i.e., glutathione can mitigate the hazard impacts of elevated reactive oxygen species production under drought. Practically, common bean growers are advised to treat the soil with available soil amendment (hydrogel polymer, 0.24 t ha−1 or zeolite, 1.20 t ha−1) and spraying common bean plants by glutathione, 1.0 mM to sustain the crop productivity and quality under shortage water conditions
Re-visiting the call for translation of cancer survivorship research: collaborative multidisciplinary approaches to improve translation and dissemination
Authors: Risendal Betsy , Thomson Cynthia A. , Seaman Aaron , Hirschey Rachel , Overholser Linda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The number of cancer survivors in the US is dramatically increasing and survivors are living longer, making the ongoing care and quality of life in this growing population an important public health issue. Although there has been significant progress in cancer survivorship research, gaps in translating this research to real-world settings to benefit survivors remain.

Methods
The number and type of cancer survivorship research activities in past and current projects were gathered in reports and work plans from the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN). Additionally, current cross-center projects were aligned with common constructs in dissemination and implementation science to provide a narrative review of progress on translational research.

Results
A review of historical activities in the CPCRN indicates that there has been consistent engagement in survivorship from multiple institutions over the last decade, generating 84 grants, 168 papers and 162 presentations. The current membership of the Survivorship Workgroup includes multiple disciplines and all 8 participating institutions. Together these Workgroup members have developed 6 projects, all of which address multiple domains in translational research such as feasibility, practicality, and organizational and cultural factors that affect implementation.

Conclusions
This review of past and ongoing activities in the CPCRN suggests that survivorship has been a consistent priority including the translation of evidence-based approaches into practice. Specific gaps in the translational research agenda that could be the focus of future investigations by Workgroup members and others include the practical and logistic aspects of interventions such as cost and policy.
Does Logic Have a History at All?
Authors: Lemanski Jens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo believe that logic has no history might at first seem peculiar today. But since the early 20th century, this position has been repeatedly conflated with logical monism of Kantian provenance. This logical monism asserts that only one logic is authoritative, thereby rendering all other research in the field marginal and negating the possibility of acknowledging a history of logic. In this paper, I will show how this and many related issues have developed, and that they are founded on only one prominent statement by Kant. I will argue, however, that this statement takes on a very different meaning in a broader context of the history and philosophy of science, and that Kant and his supporters never advocated the logical monism that they are still said to hold today.
Simulation of ground motion emissions from wind turbines in low mountain ranges: implications for amplitude decay prediction
Authors: Gaßner Laura , Gärtner Marie A. , Ritter Joachim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe characterization and prediction of wind turbine (WT) emissions are important steps in reducing their impact on humans or sensitive technologies such as seismic stations or physics experiments. Here, WT ground motion emissions are studied along two measurement lines set up at two wind farms on the Eastern Swabian Alb, southwest Germany. The main purpose of the data analysis is to estimate amplitude decay rates from vertical component data and surface wave phase velocities excited by the permanent motion of the WT towers. Phase velocities as well as geological information serve as input to build realistic subsurface models for numerical wave field simulations. Amplitude A decay rates are characterized by b-values through $$A\sim 1/r^b$$

A
∼
1
/

r
b

depending on distance r and are derived from peaks in power spectral density (PSD). We find an increase of $$b_\text {PSD}$$

b
PSD

with frequency from 0.5 to 3.2 for field data. For low frequencies (1.2 Hz and 3.6 Hz), $$b_\text {PSD}$$

b
PSD

ranges from 0.5 to 1.1, hence close to the geometrical spreading factor of surface waves ($$b_\text {PSD}=1$$

b
PSD

=
1

). Anelastic damping and scattering seem not to be significant at these frequencies which also shows in numerical simulations for quality factors $$Q=50-200$$

Q
=
50
-
200

. We also find that the emitted wavefields from several WTs interfere, especially in the near-field, and produce strong local ground motion amplitudes. The inclusion of a steep topography present in low mountain ranges adds more wave field distortions which can further increase the amplitudes. This needs to be considered when predicting WT induced ground motions.
Rhizosheath formation depends on mucilage concentration and water content
Authors: Rahim Riffat , Jahromi Omid Esmaeelipoor , Amelung Wulf , Kroener Eva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims
Root exudates contain polymers that form crosslinks and can create a jelly like substance known as mucilage, which adheres to soil and thus promotes the formation of rhizosheaths, i.e. soil that remains attached to the roots after gentle shaking. We hypothesized that rhizosheath formation is optimal at an intermediate chia seed mucilage concentration and water content, but that its formation is limited at both a high concentration of chia seed mucilage and under dry conditions as well as at a low concentration of chia seed mucilage and under wet conditions. We used an artificial root soil system in which soil moisture and mucilage concentrations could be varied independently from one another with respect to their effect on rhizosheath formation.

Methods
Jute cords were disposed in sandy loam soil and in quartz sand. In a subsequent study, they were also amended to different moisture contents with five different concentrations of mucilage (from 0 to 0.2 g dry mucilage g−1 water), before being isolated from chia and flaxseed mucilage after swelling of the respective seeds in distilled water for 15 min.

Results
We found that in dry soil, rhizosheath formation peaked at an intermediate chia seed mucilage concentration. This behavior was supported by our conceptual model of mucilage spreading and rhizosheath formation, which relies on a radial diffusion equation and assumes that at low mucilage concentration, molecule numbers are insufficient to support polymer-like networks that stick soil particles together. In a very concentrated gel, however, mucilage is too sticky to diffuse far into the soil. Increasing soil moisture promotes rhizosheath formation both in a low and a high mucilage concentration range, although only up to an intermediate volumetric water content of 0.15cm3 cm–3.

Conclusions
We conclude that both water and chia seed mucilage concentration are important drivers of rhizosheath formation. The effects are not additive but can combine to an optimum range, with a maximum formation of rhizosheaths observed in this study at 0.12 g mucilage g−1 rhizosphere water.
Identified senescence endotypes in aged cartilage are reflected in the blood metabolome
Authors: Boone Ilja , Tuerlings Margo , Coutinho de Almeida Rodrigo , Lehmann Johannes , Ramos Yolande , Nelissen Rob , Slagboom Eline , de Keizer Peter , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous accumulation of senescent cells expressing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) affects tissue homeostasis which leads to diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we set out to characterize heterogeneity of cellular senescence within aged articular cartilage and explored the presence of corresponding metabolic profiles in blood that could function as representative biomarkers. Hereto, we set out to perform cluster analyses, using a gene-set of 131 senescence genes (N = 57) in a previously established RNA sequencing dataset of aged articular cartilage and a generated metabolic dataset in overlapping blood samples. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering and pathway analysis, we identified two robust cellular senescent endotypes. Endotype-1 was enriched for cell proliferating pathways, expressing forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4), RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 (RBL2), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B); the FOXO mediated cell cycle was identified as possible target for endotype-1 patients. Endotype-2 showed enriched inflammation-associated pathways, expressed by interleukin 6 (IL6), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)1/3, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)C and SASP pathways were identified as possible targets for endotype-2 patients. Notably, plasma-based metabolic profiles in overlapping blood samples (N = 21) showed two corresponding metabolic clusters in blood. These non-invasive metabolic profiles could function as biomarkers for patient-tailored targeting of senescence in OA.
Exploring the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Improving Walking Ability in Stroke Patients via Modulating Cerebellar Gamma Frequency Band—a Narrative Review
Authors: Feng Tingyi , Zhang Lichao , Wu Yuwei , Tang Lin , Chen Xixi , Li Yuanli , Shan Chunlei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cerebellum plays an important role in maintaining balance, posture control, muscle tone, and lower limb coordination in healthy individuals and stroke patients. At the same time, the relationship between cerebellum and motor learning has been widely concerned in recent years. Due to the relatively intact structure preservation and high plasticity after supratentorial stroke, non-invasive neuromodulation targeting the cerebellum is increasingly used to treat abnormal gait in stroke patients. The gamma frequency of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is commonly used to improve motor learning. It is an essential endogenous EEG oscillation in the gamma range during the swing phase, and rhythmic movement changes in the gait cycle. However, the effect of cerebellar tACS in the gamma frequency band on balance and walking after stroke remains unknown and requires further investigation.