bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new SOI sensor design for detecting cancer using hybrid waveguide with higher sensitivity than both strip and slot waveguides
Authors: Shawky Sherine , El-Malek Ahmed H. Abd , Allam Ahmed , Shalaby Hossam M. H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA new highly accurate optical biomedical sensor is proposed for cancer detection characterized by high sensitivity, small footprint, low cost, and low limit of detection. The sensor is based on double-ring resonators made of silicon on insulator. The type of the waveguide is critical in determining the sensor performance. To compromise the advantages and disadvantages of strip and slot waveguides, a mixed design of both has been introduced in literature at the expense of increased footprint compared to traditional sensors. Indeed, almost 27-fold footprint increase is required to improve the sensitivity by only one third of that of slot waveguide’s sensitivity. In this paper, we introduce a new design that keeps the same footprint of traditional sensors, while achieving high sensitivity. This sensitivity depends on the resonance wavelength shift due to different refractive indices of the biosample. It has the value 109.8 nm/RIU compared to 55.57 nm/RIU and 129.621 nm/RIU for strip and slot waveguides, respectively. The hybrid waveguide quality factor is 537.7 while the quality factors of the strip and the slot waveguides are 627.99 and 380.76, respectively. In addition, the new design achieves the minimum limit of detection (0.0255) when compared to that of traditional designs. Furthermore, a new method of detection is proposed with the same design, providing a higher sensitivity over both traditional waveguide types with a value of 15.3, compared to 13.2 and 11.5 for strip and slot waveguides, respectively. In this method, the sensitivity relies on various values of output transmitted light at the same wavelength due to altering the biocell refractive index. The biosensor output equation is developed. In addition, the relationship between the supermodes and the sensitivity is determined at variance conditions. It is found that there is an inverse relation between them.
Optical wave propagation phase for mKdV spherical electric flux density in sphere space
Authors: Körpinar Talat , Şevgİn Fatih , Körpinar Zeliha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we illustrate surface flow $$alfa-$$

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microfluidical mKdV spherical electromotive phase in sphere space. Also, we obtain antiferromagnetic axially electrical $$alfa-$$

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microfluidical mKdV electric flux path circuit. We have electrical $$alfa-$$

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microfluidical geometrical mKdV free surface flow density in sphere space. Finally, we design antiferromagnetic wave propagation for $$alfa-$$

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microfluidical geometric mKdV surface flux density.
Investigation of the structural and optical properties of Sb2S3/PVA/PVP nanocomposites blended sheets for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Farrage N. M. , Teleb Nahed H. , Abd El-Ghany W. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSb2S3 chalcogenide Nanopowder was prepared at low temperatures using the chemical co-precipitation method. PVA/PVP polymeric sheets have been prepared with a constant ratio of 2:1 as a host matrix to incorporate Sb2S3 NPS with a ratio of 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% via solution casting technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that the prepared Sb2S3 powder belongs to an orthorhombic crystalline structure as a major phase, with a crystal size of 24 nm. The microstructure of the powder as well as 5 wt% Sb2S3/PVA/PVP was investigated using the transmission electron microscope. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the prepared sheets revealed the success of the interaction between the filler Sb2S3 material with the PVA/PVP as a polymer host matrix. The transmission and reflection spectra of the polymeric Sb2S3 /PVA/PVP sheets measured in the wavelength range 200–2500 nm have been used to calculate the optical band gap energy and refractive index as a function in the Sb2S3 wt%. The Tauc model and the absorption spectrum fitting model were employed to accurately determine the variation of the optical band gap value with Sb2S3 filler percent. Wemple-DiDomenico single-oscillator and Spitzer-Fan, models were applied to analyze the refractive index as a function of the Sb2S3 filling wt%, whereby the dispersion parameters, $${E}_{d},{E}_{o}$$

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,

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as well as the optical high-frequency dielectric constant, $${\varepsilon }_{L}$$

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carrier concentration to the effective mass ratio, $$N/{m}^{*}$$

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/

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were evaluated. A graphical representation of the optical conductivity was also present. The obtained data indicate the possibility of using the prepared Sb2S3/PVA/PVP nanocomposite sheets for optoelectronic applications and optical devices.
Encapsulated phenolic compounds: clinical efficacy of a novel delivery method
Authors: Ozkan Gulay , Ceyhan Tuğçe , Çatalkaya Gizem , Rajan Logesh , Ullah Hammad , Daglia Maria , Capanoglu Esra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEncapsulation is a drug or food ingredient loaded-delivery system that entraps active components, protecting them from decomposition/degradation throughout the processing and storage stages and facilitates their delivery to the target tissue/organ, improving their bioactivities. The application of this technology is expanding gradually from pharmaceuticals to the food industry, since dietary bioactive ingredients, including polyphenols, are susceptible to environmental and/or gastrointestinal conditions. Polyphenols are the largest group of plants' secondary metabolites, with a wide range of biological effects. Literature data have indicated their potential in the prevention of several disorders and pathologies, ranging from simpler allergic conditions to more complex metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the promising health effects in preclinical studies, the clinical use of dietary polyphenols is still very limited due to their low bioaccessibility and/or bioavailability. Encapsulation can be successfully employed in the development of polyphenol-based functional foods, which may improve their bioaccessibility and/or bioavailability. Moreover, encapsulation can also aid in the targeted delivery of polyphenols and may prevent any possible adverse events. For the encapsulation of bioactive ingredients, several techniques are applied such as emulsion phase separation, emulsification/internal gelation, film formation, spray drying, spray-bed-drying, fluid-bed coating, spray-chilling, spray-cooling, and melt injection. The present review aims to throw light on the existing literature highlighting the possibility and clinical benefits of encapsulated polyphenols in health and disease. However, the clinical data is still very scarce and randomized clinical trials are needed before any conclusion is drawn.
Graphical abstract
Top–down disaggregation of life expectancy up to municipal areas, using linear self-regressive spatial models
Authors: Basile Vincenzo , Cervellera Stefano , Cusatelli Carlo , Giacalone Massimiliano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper aims to analyse a statistical procedure for the definition of territorial indicators, such as the biometric function of life expectancy of citizens of a territory e0, applying a methodology of Top–Down spatial disaggregation, using census data from 2011 in Italy. Through spatial regressions with the methodology proposed in 1971 by Chow and Lin with the use of ISTAT elaborations of annual mortality tables, which are structured from the national level to the regional level, up to the smallest details of the main level, as a dependent variable and predictors a number k of census variables plus accidents in regression models, life expectancy can also be defined at municipal levels (not elaborated by ISTAT) and even at sub-municipal levels (Census Area). The structure of the 2011 census was characterized by 152 variables, collected with CAPI and universal CAWI survey on all the survey units, throughout the national territory, divided into administrative areas of competence and 402,677 more granular areas in census sections. This structure represents a very relevant and useful information asset for applying a spatial disaggregation of indicators, based on three fundamental assumptions:

Structural similarity, whereby the aggregate model and the disaggregate model are structurally similar, i.e., the relationships between the variables are valid both at the aggregate (Top) and at the disaggregate (Down) level, with the consequence that the regression parameters are the same in the two models.

Error similarity: for spatially correlated errors they present the same structure at both aggregate (Top) and disaggregate (Down) levels, significantly testing for zero spatial correlation;

Reliable indicators: the variables in the regression models are efficient predictors at both aggregates (Top) and disaggregate (Down) levels, estimable from model efficiency tests.

As we see in the following, compared to others, the best predictors of the census and income variables show us a good interaction in terms of active regressors on the estimation variable.
Biogeography of Beringian fishes after the molecular revolution and into the post-genomics era
Authors: Campbell Matthew A. , Brown Randy J. , Fraley Kevin M. , Politov Dmitry V. , López J. Andrés , Robards Martin D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSignificant progress in our knowledge of Beringian biodiversity and in the technologies available for biodiversity research has been made in the several decades since a comprehensive biogeographic synthesis of Beringian freshwater fishes was compiled and published in 1986. Further, the fish fauna of Beringia and, more broadly, of high latitude freshwater systems of the northern hemisphere face some of the most intense well documented effects of global climate change. Here we synthesize current understanding of how the dynamic spatial and ecological landscapes of Pleistocene glaciations have shaped the distribution of taxonomic and genetic diversity in fish faunas of Beringia. Through a more complete integration of knowledge obtained in studies of fishes in Russian drainages, we aimed to identify promising strategies to test alternative biogeographic hypotheses on the roles played by the Bering land bridge, paleorivers and glacial history in intercontinental faunal movement. We focus on freshwater fishes of the Bering Strait region, which live in an environment that is premised on extreme instability and profound changes in long-term connectivity for fishes and offers opportunities to assess long-term evolutionary trends in both speciation and life history variation. Such information is critical for both our scientific understanding of evolutionary processes in fishes and valuable for those tasked with the challenges of management and conservation of natural resources in this expansive, dynamic and remote region. We provide an overview of Beringian freshwater ichthyofauna and examine genetic differentiation among population units within these lineages. We also examine evidence for how long population units have been separated based on historic glacially-related separations and the more recent marine barrier of the Bering Strait that constrains freshwater or diadromous species based on their ability to disperse in salt water. Our review concludes on how Arctic and sub-Arctic fishes may adapt and persist in their dynamic environment considering low genetic diversity, the role of adaptive introgression, and epigenetic variation. We find that Beringian fishes may poorly fit traditional taxonomic categories and the designation of conservation units below the species level may be of great practical application. Furthermore, as hybridization is documented to increase in the Arctic, the use of this process for ecological monitoring may also be of high utility with Beringian fishes.
Makerspaces: Building Confidence in STEM for Primary Preservice Teachers
Authors: Halliburton Peta , Georgiou Helen , Nielsen Wendy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract‘Design and Technology’ has been propelled into the spotlight with the popularity of the idea of ‘STEM’. So much so that it is now common for primary schools to have ‘STEM classrooms’ or makerspaces. Whilst there has been an increasing exploration of the use of makerspaces, there has been limited research on the impacts, particularly with pre-service teachers (PST), who are known to lack confidence in STEM-related subjects. Therefore, in this research, we explore how different aspects of makerspaces may influence PST confidence. Participating PST worked in small groups in the Uni Makerspace to design a product as part of a formal university assessment in a primary education Science subject. The case study design includes four groups of PST and data from interviews, observations and artefacts. Results outline confidence development amongst PST with several key Makerspace influences identified, including the importance of learning to use sophisticated equipment and the key role played by the Makerspace facilitators. Implications for Makerspaces and STEM education are discussed, including the potential to leverage the ‘novelty effect’ of Makerspaces, and the need to offer extensive support, particularly in the early stages of engagement.
Effective treatment of sarcoptic mange in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) using fluralaner: a case report
Authors: Sala Giulia , Gazzonis Alessia Libera , Pravettoni Davide , Cafiso Alessandra , Grilli Guido , Ferrulli Vincenzo , Boccardo Antonio , Di Cesare Federica , Pavesi Laura Filippone , Zanzani Sergio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSouth American Camelids, including alpacas, have gained popularity in Europe as pets and prized wool sources. Skin health concerns, particularly mite infestations, have emerged as a notable problem in these animals. Sarcoptic mange can lead to severe itching, papules, and chronic symptoms such as alopecia, crusts, and emaciation if left untreated. This case report documents a 2-year-old female alpaca suffering from sarcoptic mange. Despite initial treatment with ivermectin, its condition worsened, leading to severe weight loss, abortion, and a continued presence of mites. Considering the lack of effective treatments for sarcoptic mange in alpacas and the unavailability of registered drugs for this species in Italy, fluralaner, a drug previously used in other animal species, has been administered orally at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Within a week after the treatment with fluralaner, the patient exhibited significant improvement, including the resolution of itching, healing of skin lesions, and an increase in appetite. Follow-up skin scrapings confirmed the absence of mites, and the patient’s condition continued to improve. Fluralaner demonstrated to be a highly effective and fast-acting treatment for sarcoptic mange in alpacas, offering potential economic benefits attributed to its single-dose administration.
Modelling, Simulation, and Performance Analysis of Intra-Vehicular Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Funes Guillermo , Siller Mario , Horta Jorge 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVehicles today use a variety of network segments operated by different technologies and protocols within the car (CAN, LIN, Automotive Ethernet, MOST, FlexRay, etc.) to exchange data between different control modules, sensors, and actuators. The exchange of information between other network domains (heterogeneous networks) is enabled through various interconnection points called gateways/bridges. The resulting performance depends on its interconnection structure, network segment traffic aggregation scheme, and medium access technique. Although protocols such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and Ethernet have been used in network design for some time, performance modeling and analysis are still needed given the variety of traffic types and sources, new application limitations, and especially the lack of formal verification of network performance for different network scenarios and configurations. This paper presents an end-to-end throughput and delay performance analysis for a reference intra-vehicular network scenario. These models have been validated through simulations in which high correlation values were obtained from 98.7400 to 99.9999, with a low mean square error. The validation cases show that for different LIN, CAN, and Ethernet network configurations, the performance threshold values defined for most current vehicle applications are preserved. However, if the network configuration is modified, the proposed analytical models can be used to formally verify the corresponding performance and delay changes and thus validate whether or not the application requirements are met.
Determination of pollutants, antibiotics, and drugs in surface water in Italy as required by the third EU Water Framework Directive Watch List: method development, validation, and assessment
Authors: Colzani Luisa , Forni Carola , Clerici Laura , Barreca Salvatore , Dellavedova Pierluisa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we report a study concerning the quantification of new emerging pollutants in water as a request from the third European Watch List mechanism. The EU Watch List compound was investigated by an internal method that was validated in terms of detection limits, linearities, accuracy, and precision in accordance with quality assurance criteria, and it was used to monitor several rivers from 11 Italian regions. The methodology developed was satisfactorily validated from 5 to 500 ng L−1 for the emerging pollutants studied, and it was applied to different river waters sampled in Italy, revealing the presence of drugs and antibiotics. Rivers were monitored for 2 years by two different campaigns conducted in 2021 and 2022. A total of 19 emerging pollutants were investigated on 45 samples. The most detected analytes were O-desmethylvenlafaxine and venlafaxine. About azole compounds, sulfamethoxazole, fluconazole, and Miconazole were found. About antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were found in three and one samples, respectively. Moreover, statistical analyses have found a significant correlation between O-desmethylvenlafaxine with venlafaxine, sulfamethoxazole with venlafaxine, and fluconazole with venlafaxine.
Valorization of plant by-products in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial and catalytic properties
Authors: Rocha Verónica , Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Aguiar Cristina , Neves Isabel C. , Tavares Teresa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiosynthesis based on natural compounds has emerged as a sustainable approach for the production of metallic nanoparticles (MNP). The main objective of this study was to biosynthesize stable and multifunctional silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using different plant by-products as reducers and capping agents. Extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Citrus sinensis, Cedrus atlantica and Camellia sinensis by-products, were evaluated. From all plant by-products tested, aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves (EL), green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) were selected due to their higher antioxidant phenolic content and were individually employed as reducers and capping agents to biosynthesize AgNP. The green AgNP showed zeta potential values of -31.8 to -36.3 mV, with a wide range of particle sizes (40.6 to 86.4 nm), depending on the plant extract used. Green AgNP exhibited an inhibitory effect against various pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-negative (P. putida, E. coli, Vibrio spp.) and Gram-positive (B. megaterium, S. aureus, S. equisimilis) bacteria with EL-AgNP being the nanostructure with the greatest antimicrobial action. EL-AgNP showed an excellent photodegradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye under direct sunlight, with a removal percentage of up to 100% after 75 min. A complete cost analysis revealed a competitive total cost range of 8.0–9.0 €/g for the biosynthesis of AgNP.
Graphical Abstract
Attribution of Global Warming Potential impacts in a multifunctional metals industry system using different system expansion and allocation methodologies
Authors: Fernandez Marta Cruz , Grund Sabina , Phillips Chris , Fradet Jeanne , Hage Johannes , Silk Nick , Zeilstra Christiaan , Barnes Chris , Hodgson Pete , McKechnie Jon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In order to reach a more circular economy, materials previously classified as waste can be upgraded and turned into valuable co-products, with associated environmental benefits. The generation of co-products raises many questions around the multifunctionality issue from a life cycle perspective. This article explores the attribution of Global Warming Potential (GWP) impacts for an ironmaking process, HIsarna, which additionally produces two co-products: zinc-rich process dust and slag, suitable for the zinc and cement sectors, respectively.

Methods
A wide range of LCA allocation methodologies are applied to attribute impacts between the main product, hot metal, and the two co-products. These include system expansion, physical allocation, economic allocation and zero burden allocation. Each method attributes a different GWP to each co-product. Additionally, different perspectives are explored to consider the most suitable methods according to the co-product user and the co-product producer. For instance, it might be in the co-product user’s interest that the co-product GWP was minimised, and lower than other material inputs performing a similar function. Conversely, the co-product producer may be incentivised to lower its primary product’s GWP by attributing the greatest possible burden to the co-products.

Results and discussion
The GWP impacts for zinc-rich process dust range from 0 to 3.71 kg CO2 eq. per kg. At the higher end, the GWP of zinc-rich dust would be higher than that of primary zinc concentrate. A similarly wide range is applicable for slag, 0 to 1.27 kg CO2 eq. per kg. This impacts the final GWP applied to HIsarna hot metal, which has an initial GWP of 1.72 kg CO2 eq. per kg but could decrease to 1.17 kg CO2 eq. per kg depending on the allocation methods employed. This would be a substantial reduction of over 30%, larger than many decarbonisation options that are predicted to provide. This scenario would also heavily burden the co-products and could be in conflict with interests of a co-product user seeking to utilise low emissions feedstocks as part of a decarbonisation strategy.

Conclusions
The reduction in GWP impact attributed to hot metal with the different approaches highlights the relevance of harmonizing the allocation methods used for co-products. The appropriateness of each of the approaches for attributing GWP impacts has been explored, offering insights as to how the benefits of such systems could be assessed and attributed in the future as circularity strategies and valuable co-products become more prevalent.
Obstructive sleep apnea detection during wakefulness: a comprehensive methodological review
Authors: Alqudah Ali Mohammad , Elwali Ahmed , Kupiak Brendan , Hajipour Farahnaz , Jacobson Natasha , Moussavi Zahra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition affecting up to 1 billion people, globally. Despite this spread, OSA is still thought to be underdiagnosed. Lack of diagnosis is largely attributed to the high cost, resource-intensive, and time-consuming nature of existing diagnostic technologies during sleep. As individuals with OSA do not show many symptoms other than daytime sleepiness, predicting OSA while the individual is awake (wakefulness) is quite challenging. However, research especially in the last decade has shown promising results for quick and accurate methodologies to predict OSA during wakefulness. Furthermore, advances in machine learning algorithms offer new ways to analyze the measured data with more precision. With a widening research outlook, the present review compares methodologies for OSA screening during wakefulness, and recommendations are made for avenues of future research and study designs.
Graphical abstract