bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As the morning spread upon the mountains,
Authors: Taylor Mary , Murray Janet H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Daylight was visible to Sammy Sykes, though he still walked in the darkness of the valley below. But he looked round and saw no opening for his willing labour. “Who would take me for an overlooker?” he asked, “after such a failure? I must just take to wool sorting, and stick to work. There is nothing else for it.” His father hoped for better things with time, but Sammy saw that better men than he were seeking work and finding none. Those were not times in which men could hope. Men were thankful if they could get a living from the surrounding poverty, and he had a load of debt to bear besides !
As he stood by the fire with his hands in his pockets he became aware of a gentleman standing at the house door, and went towards him.
Religion and Social Order in Colonial Albany
Authors: Hackett David G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1609, Henry Hudson went up the river that bears his name in search of a northwest passage to the Far East. Hudson’s explorations on behalf of the Netherlands took place two years after the English settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, and eleven years before the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. His journey ended at the river’s headwaters, not far from the present Albany, New York, where he found Indians willing to barter their beaver furs.
The Twilight of Calvinism
Authors: Hackett David G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a Sunday morning in 1813, the Presbyterian minister Arthur Stansbury addressed a congregation of Yankee merchants, master craftsmen, and their families in First Presbyterian Church. These Calvinist leaders of the Albany community believed that God controlled their world. Since the end of the Revolution, however, both they and their community had experienced a disturbing amount of economic, social, and political change that undermined their position as God’s moral shepherds over an increasingly godless multitude.
The Changing Meaning of Nationalism in the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Hackett David G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The meaning of nationalism was changing at the same time that new political and religious ideologies were emerging to challenge the world view of colonial Calvinism. As a local solution for transcending particular ethnic and religious differences that might otherwise divide society, the ideological unity of Albany’s inhabitants as Americans and Christians was sufficient to carry them through the Revolution.
The Use of Scripture in the Desert
Authors: Burton-Christie Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The apparent paucity of explicit biblical citations in the Sayings, the general reticence toward speaking about or commenting on Scripture found there, the high level of illiteracy among the monks, and the firm resistance on the part of many monks to reading or owning books have raised questions about how deeply Scripture penetrated the early eremetical movement. Indeed, some commentators have concluded that, apart from the proclamation of the Word at the weekly synaxis or gathering, the monks would have had hardly any contact with or knowledge of Scripture at all.1 However, a closer look at the literature reveals that while Scripture certainly provoked diverse and ambivalent responses from the monks, it was nevertheless central to their spirituality.
Eschatology, Penthos, and the Struggle against Evil
Authors: Burton-Christie Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How did the desert fathers actually interpret Scripture? In the previous chapters we considered the broad presuppositions which shaped the way in which words—both the words of Scripture and those of the elders—were interpreted in the desert. It is time now to turn from this general consideration of the attitudes and presuppositions the governed the monks’ approach to Scripture to a more precise examination of what it meant for the monks to interpret particular texts. In this and the following chapters, I want to articulate the content of the “conversation” which occurred between the desert fathers and Scripture. By examining the particular questions which the monks put to Scripture, and the manner and substance of their response to these questions, we can bring into sharper relief the “worlds” of meaning opened up by their encounter with Scripture.
Poems Cold and Passionate as the Dawn
Authors: Langenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Pound and Yeats wrote war poems at Stone Cottage, their goal was nobility-not only of attitude but of diction too. For Pound, the struggle to find an idiom for modem poetry became inextricably entwined with the struggle to set down “real war emotion.” So at the same time that he thought deeply about the war in France, he continued his own attack on American poets who neglected theircraft.
Theatre Business
Authors: Langenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recognition of the greatness of a work of art, says Frank Kermode, is “the work of opinion, never to be observed without its shadow, ignorance.” In making this statement, Kermode is thinking about the ninteenth-century rediscovery of Botticelli by Pater and Swinburne-critics who knew almost nothing about the painter, what little they did know being the product of their generation’s vagaries of taste. Had they not been similarly ignorant, Pound and Yeats would never have rediscovered the Noh drama for themselves.
Ismail R. al-Faruqi: Muslim Scholar-Activist
Authors: Esposito John L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On May 24, 1986, the Muslim world and the academic community lost one of its most energetic, engaging, and active colleagues-Ismail al-Faruqi. I think he would be pleased by the characterization of his life as that of a mujahid, one who struggled in the path of Allah. Such a designation might well be applied to all faithful believers, but it seems especially fitting for one who struggled from his early years both as a Palestinian refugee and later as an Islamic activist. Certainly it would be fair to say that he saw himself as a scholar-activist in the service of Islam. His Palestinian roots, Arab heritage, and Islamic faith made the man and informed the life and work of the scholar. Issues of identity, authenticity, acculturation, and Western political and cultural imperialism, which are so significant today, were continual themes in his writing, though he addressed them differently at different stages in his life. As we will see, his early emphasis on Arabism as the vehicle of Islam was tempered by a later centrality accorded to the doctrine of tawhid (divine unity) as the foundation for faith, knowledge, and society.
Seyyed Hossein Nasr: Defender of the Sacred and Islamic Traditionalism
Authors: Smith Jane I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I accepted the invitation to reflect on the scholarly contributions of Seyyed Hossein Nasr not only because he is a long-time colleague and friend, but because I greatly appreciate his perspective and the seriousness with which he analyzes the spiritual poverty of much of contemporary society. It is true that as a non-Muslim trained in the schools of modern Western academia I inevitably represent much of the orientation against which Hossein Nasr maintains vigilant defense. However, I find myself in real agreement with Nasr’s obvious sense of alarm about the way modern man (to use his recurrent phrase) has wandered into very dangerous territory and seems to have lost, for the most part, the means for appropriation of the sacred. Thus, to the extent to which I can respond to and appreciate much of what Nasr describes, I may do some measure of justice to an analysis of the thoughts of one of the most articulate, influential, and prolific Muslims teaching and writing in this country today. Perhaps a place to begin is with how Nasr sees his own task. His basic message is that modern man has lost sight of the essential, the eternal, in his quest for the trappings of modernity.
Introduction
Authors: Carafiol Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1980, when I began the work that has become this book, the field of American Literary Scholarship has come alive with self-criticism. After two centuries during which a belief in an idealized national identity sustained popular and scholarly discourse about American writing, and inspired the establishment of American Literary Scholarship as an academic institution, the ideal of’’ America’’ has become an easy target. The ascendancy of poststructuralist thinking in the profession over the past fifteen years has made it almost obligatory, even for Americanists, to dismiss as “myth” or repressive ideology what had hitherto been the unquestioned credo of their field. Like Scripture under the scrutiny of eighteenth-century German biblical criticism, “America” has lost its privileged status as a transcendent signifier and become an “other.” It is no longer shocking for a scholar who has specialized for years in American literary history to say that “America” is, in several senses, pass a thing of the past, a (long-term) fashion become old-fashioned, an object of scrutiny now firmly located in history, a product of historical motives subject to historical analysis and critique.
American Literary Scholarship for the Twentieth Century
Authors: Carafiol Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although it may seem a bit late in the day to be looking forward to an American Literary Scholarship for the twentieth century, our persisting need for that project reflects the degree to which scholarship still works within the nineteenth-century vocabularies that writers like Emerson and Thoreau revised. As I have tried to show, the problem with the way American Literary Scholarship is generally practiced is not, as recent critiques have claimed, merely that its canon is erected on prejudice. On the contrary, the whole project of describing a peculiarly ‘‘American’’ literature, including its recent Neohistoricist revisions, depends on the language of Romantic idealism that dominated cultural discourse when the profession of American literary studies was being invented. Scholar ship needs to catch up by abandoning the old rhythmic swing between literature and culture before it can jump ahead.
Access and Consent in Public Photography
Authors: Henderson Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Framed as an aspect of photographic practice, the issue of consent in public photography occurs at the juncture of at least two sets of contingencies; the first includes features of social interaction between photographers and their subjects, and the second, organizational constraints on doing photographic work-for example, those imposed by the division of labor in newspaper production. In the discussion of consent that follows I concentrate on the first, social interaction in photographic encounters, drawing from research on the strategies both amateur and professional photographers use to take pictures of people unknown to them in public places.
Hollywood Markets the Amish
Authors: Hostetler John A , Kraybill Donald B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On March 3, 1984, the Wall Street Journal carried an article entitled “Hollywood Today Is All Over the Place As States Lure Films.” The author remarked, “States are winning movie business because they offer fresh and authentic things to film as well as lower costs, far less red tape, cooperative communities and a great deal of help in finding suitable locations.”
Bushido: The Samurai Ethos
Authors: King Winston L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For whatever reasons—island and mountainous terrain, strong family and clan structures, or mode of historical development—Japanese society has been highly class conscious for a long time. From the Heian court artistocracy down even to those of pariah status, each class and occupational group tended to emphasize and cherish its own distinctive character, in some cases defensively. But it was in the samurai-ruled society of the Tokugawa era that the warrior’s class consciousness achieved its tightly controlled “perfection” and was made into an actionable philosophy of life and government.
Voice and Ventriloquy in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Authors: Eilenberg Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ordinary tale of the supernatural is like the magician ‘s trick of pulling a rabbit out of a hat. It depends upon a false bottom, an illusion of sourcelessness. Bad metaphysics, it exploits our confusion about the relationship between cause and effect, appearance and reality, body and soul. The supernatural of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner pulls not rabbits out of hats but voices out of voices. It makes its home in the space between speaker and spoken, motivation and action, intention and meaning. Instead of pretending there is no source, it pretends there is one, that behind the Mariner-as-dummy there is a ventriloquist, a figure or language or system of meanings in the context of which the tale that comes out of the Mariner’s mouth makes sense.
The Impropriety of the Imagination
Authors: Eilenberg Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Volume I of the Biographia reads at times like a confusion of voices, Volume II, focusing upon literary heterogeneity and homogeneity, can be read as both a critique and a purification of vocal confusion. The discussion of the basis of “a legitimate poem,” the analysis of Wordsworth ‘s theory of poetic language, and the description of the characteristics of Wordsworth’s poetry all reflect Coleridge’s desire to protect literary virtue from contamination by the arbitrary, the unconnected, and the uninterpretable. As in Volume I, Coleridge is trying to understand the relationship be¬ tween the mind and the external world or (not necessarily the same thing) between meaning and necessity. At the same time that they express his delight in the freedom of the mind, Coleridge’s remarks express a horror of the merely accidental or arbitrary, and this horror extends to the heterogeneous, the casually related, and the strange. But-lest it appear that Coleridge feels the same way as Wordsworth, whose attitudes might be similarly summarized-the reader must understand that for Coleridge it is the familiar, matter of-fact, and insignificant rather than the out-of-the-way or the overly portentious that threaten poetry with strangeness of the unmeaning or the incoherent.
Indi’n Humor
Authors: Lincoln Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lincoln’s study of Native American humour moves from tribal culture to interethnic literature. He covers the traditional Trickster of origin myths, historical ironies (speeches, treatises, as-told-to life stories), Euroamericans ‘playing Indian’, Feminist Indian home humour, contemporary painters and playwrights reinventing Coyote, popular mixed-blood music and Red English, and three Native American novelists, Louise Erdrich, James Welch, and N. Scott Momaday, as well as a bicultural novel, The Northern Lights, by Howard Norman.
Playing Indian
Authors: Lincoln Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Freud and Huizinga collate the constants of joking and play, closer to home Lame Deer and Vine Deloria detail the “precious gift” and pan-tribal “cement” of Indian humor. The contemporary writings of Native Americans take shape as we deduce, define, and refine the particulars and parameters of tribal humor: culture-specific in time and place, textually detailed, contextually grounded. Where non-Indian theorems break down or blur, tribal paradigms rethread a doubly woven translation that interfaces cultures. Lionel Bordeaux’s fable about the late-migrating bird tells us much about the straight-on, seminomadic Sioux, while “Tumbleweeds” says something about non-Indians looking at Indians as totemic natives ignobly cartooned. It is informative to look at Indians watching non-Indians watch Indians. The comic lens warps both ways, as we see ourselves framed in seeing “others.”
Old Tricks, New Twists
Authors: Lincoln Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Europeans, no less than Americans, Caliban reemerged a chthonic shaman shrouded in vines of rhetoric, recently Don Juan of the desert courtesy of Carlos Castaneda. “By the shores of Gitchic Gurnee,” Longfellow metered Schoolcraft’s Algonkian narratives to Finnish Kalevala rhythms, as he silted Iroquois heroic myths into Ojibwa cycles. Mary Austin, with “Amerindian” insights in The American Rhythm (1923), argued for a primal American earthbeat that pulsed with mystic savagery in twentieth-century art. In reference to the new verslibrists and Imagists, Austin prefaced George Cronyn’s The Path on the Rainbow (1918), among the earliest anthologies of Indian song-poems: “the discovery that the first free movement of poetic originality in America finds us just about where the last Medicine Man left off.” Americans instinctively reached “for a deeper footing in their native soil,” Austin thought, and Indian song-poems struck bedrock. Natives held an Edenic balance with nature that Western man longed to recapture, if indeed paradise ever was his province.
Music and the Silent Film
Authors: Marks Martin Miller 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most people’s view of silent film music is of a pianist playing old warhorse scores while watching the flickering screen. This innovative book shows that there was much more to silent film music and that often it was planned from the start as an integral part of the film. The first of three volumes investigating film music, this book devotes one chapter to films before 1900 and Camille Saint-Saëns’s score for L’Assassinat du Duc de Guise (1908). Another chapter looks closely at film scores composed by Walter Cleveland Simon for several films of 1912. The two main chapters are devoted to significant films of the silent period, D.W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation (1915) and René Clair’s Entr’acte (1924). Breil’s Birth of a Nation score was a compilation of many sources, but, when played by an orchestra accompanying the film in a theatre showing, it often matched the epic nature of the film and was one source of its great popularity.
Points of Departure: Fuller, Thoreau, and Parkman
Authors: Maddox Lucy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1843, Margaret Fuller set off for a tour of the region of the Great Lakes. Three years later, in 1846, Francis Park- man and Henry David Thoreau also set off on excursions; Parkman’s trip took him west on the newly opened Oregon Trail into what is now eastern Wyoming, and Thoreau’s took him north to Mt. Ktaadn in Maine. All three travelers were New Englanders, all starting out from the part of the United States that Margaret Fuller confidently described as “a chief mental focus of the New World,“ the place where “what is to be acted out in the country at large is most frequently indicated, as all the phenomena of the nervous system in the fantasies of the brain. . . Z’1 All three made their forays out of New England with their pencils firmly in hand, and all returned with the collections of notes they would turn into the published accounts of their travels.
Religion and Marital Adjustment
Authors: Hansen Gary L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marital adjustment, which is used almost synonymously with satisfaction, happiness, and quality, has been one of the major research foci of family social science for more than half a century (Adams, 1988).1 In the process, religion has consistently been identified as a factor associated with adjustment. This chapter reviews the research in this area and outlines possible explanations for the observed trends.
Religion and Substance Use
Authors: Benson Peter L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A considerable body of literature on the relationship between personal religiousness and substance use has emerged since the mid 1970s, when Gorsuch and Butler (1976) briefly reviewed this area of inquiry. This more recent research has added depth to explaining how and when religion functions to inhibit substance use, with additional efforts aimed at disentangling the effect of religiousness from its demographic, social, and psychological correlates.
Introduction
Authors: Mcconnell Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Early on in the Mahabharata, the great Hindu epic and arguably the greatest of all epics, the monk Utanka announces that “whatever is found in this story may be found somewhere else; but nothing found anywhere else will not be found in this story.’’
It is an astonishing claim-”I am the book of books”-and an unprecedented one. A book, for once, not only admits that it is a book, but announces itself to be the book of books, the compendium and summary of all the stories of mankind. Where else do we find such arrogance?
In the Koran, maybe. The second chapter or sura of the Koran the first sura being merely a traditional, ritual prayer to Allah begins, “This book is not to be doubted.” Nowhere-not even in the Mahabharata-do we come across such an unmediated assertion by the text itself of its own holiness. Indeed, later on the Koran will promulgate the doctrine of the Jaz: that is, the article of faith that the style of the Koran is inimitable, a doctrine that has exercised a permanent (and not altogether felicitous) influence upon Islamic poetry.
The Gospels as Narrative
Authors: Robinson James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The bulk of the New Testament consists of narrative. This has not been considered up until very recent times as of any particular relevance. Christian theology proceeded by and large to prefer the syllogism, or to debase the particular as but an instance at the bottom of the pyramid leading via species to genera and upward and onward to the universal, ultimately leading to being itself or to the Supreme Being.
With the rise of romanticism and historicism we did become more aware of biblical history as perhaps in some way significant as history or narrative in distinction from metaphysics. And yet the initial attempts to do anything about it were often such as to lead more sober minds to shy away, as in the case of a purported difference between the Jewish-Christian mentality as linear and temporal in an invidious contrast to the pagan mind as circular or spatial, or in the case of a “holy history” that is or should be exempt from the critical methods of secular historiography.
The Nature and Purpose of Renunciation
Authors: Olivelle Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In examining the contents of the Saqmyasa UpaniĀsads, the first, and possibly the most significant, issue I want to explore is the Brahmalnical self-understanding of the meaning and nature of renunciation. What is the purpose of renunciation? What theological definition of a renouncer’s status does the Brahmalnical tradition provide? How does that definition affect other significant elements of the Brahmanical religious world? The Sarµnyasa UpaniĀsads do not deal with these issues explicitly. A well-developed theology of renunciation, however, underlies their discussions of such central issues as the rite of renunciation and the rules governing a renouncer’s life. It is this theology that I want to explore in this section, drawing on information provided by these and other Brahmanical texts.
The Rite of Renunciation
Authors: Olivelle Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The proper ritual procedure for becoming a renouncer is a major concern of our Upaniāsads. Several of them open with that question. ārUn.i, for example, asks Prajapati: “By what means, 0 Lord, can I give up rites completely?” (ārU 3). When Saunaka and the other seers ask Narada: “Lord, tell us the procedure of renunciation,” Narada replies: “It is only proper that we learn all its features from the mouth of the Grandfather himself” (NpU 132). The procedure is presented as a deep secret-an upani,l”ad-that can be learned only from the creator god himself.