bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of smoking initiation in adolescence on the subsequent smoking trajectories of people who smoke, and the role of adverse childhood experiences: Results from the 1958 British cohort study
Authors: Joannès Camille , Kelly‐Irving Michelle , Couarraze Sébastien , Castagné Raphaële 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between smoking initiation in adolescence and subsequent different smoking trajectories of people who smoke, and to examine the combined effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and smoking initiation in adolescence on smoking trajectories of people who smoke.Design and SampleData are from 8757 individuals in Great Britain from the birth cohort National Child Development Study and who reported being smokers or former smokers by age 23.MeasurementsSmoking initiation in adolescence was measured at 16 y and smoking trajectories were derived from smoking variables from ages 23 to 55. We modelled the relationship between smoking initiation in adolescence with or without ACEs and smoking trajectories.ResultsIndividuals who initiated smoking in adolescence were more likely to quit later than quitting in twenties (RRR quitting in thirties = 3.43 [2.40; 4.89] p < .001; RRR quitting in forties = 5.25 [3.38; 8.14] p < .001; RRR quitting in fifties = 4.48 [2.95; 6.79] p < .001), to relapse (RRR Relapse = 3.66 [2.82; 4.76] p < .001) and to be persistent smokers (RRR persistent = 5.25 [3.81; 7.25] p < .001) compared to those who had initiated smoking in young adulthood. These effects were particularly pronounced in case of ACEs.ConclusionSmoking prevention programs aimed at reducing smoking initiation should be promoted to adolescents to limit the burden of smoking, especially for people who have suffered adversity during childhood.
Complications of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Their Potential Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hedayati Goudarzi Mohammad Taghi , Moradi Maryam , Abrotan Saeed , Saravi Mehrdad , Shirafkan Hoda , Irilouzadian Rana , Omran Hossein Salehi 
Published: November 2023

Background. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has different complications such as cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended for HCM patients who are at high risk of SCD and malignant arrhythmias, despite having their own potential complications. Hypothesis. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of different complications of ICD insertion and the impact of the potential influential baseline characteristics in a one-year follow-up period. Methods. This was a retrospective study with a total of 71 HCM patients with ICD insertion. We evaluated the prevalence of different complications of ICD implantation and the impact of baseline characteristics on the occurrence of ICD complications using multivariate regression analysis in three 4-month periods. Results. In a one-year follow-up, 13 patients (18.3%) experienced at least one of the complications including pneumothorax, lead failure, ICD infection, inappropriate shocks, perforation, and upper limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with no mortality. Inappropriate shocks were reported as the most common (11.3%) complication during this period, with a gradual increase in the second (4.2%) and third (5.6%) follow-up sessions. Among all of the baseline characteristics that were investigated in this study, a positive history of hypertension was the only risk factor with significant impact on the occurrence of complications (

P

= 0.01). Conclusion. We demonstrated the occurrence of complications during a one-year follow-up as 18.3% in HCM patients with ICD insertion. A positive history of hypertension was the only baseline characteristic affecting the occurrence of complications, and inappropriate shocks were the most common complication.
The Association between ER, PR, HER2, and ER−/PR+ Expression and Lung Cancer Subsequent in Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on SEER Database
Authors: Shao Hong Yu , Hao Bao Tan , Gao Feng Xiao 
Published: November 2023

Aims. The available research on the association between estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), ER−/PR+ status, and the occurrence of lung cancer subsequent to breast cancer in patients (referred to as BC-LuC) had been limited. Consequently, there is a need to examine whether ER, PR, HER2, and ER−/PR+ have independent correlations with the risk and outcomes of BC-LuC, while appropriately adjusting for other potential covariates. Methods. The present study employed a cohort design and utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program spanning from 2010 to 2015. The study population consisted of 683,336 individuals who were diagnosed with breast cancer (referred to as BC). Various covariates were assessed at baseline, including age, sex, race, marital status, CS tumor size, laterality, radiation, chemotherapy, months from diagnosis to treatment, breast subtype, AJCC 7th edition (2010–2015), and combined summary stage (2004+). The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between ER, PR, HER2, ER−/PR+ status, and the risk of developing BC-LuC. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess this association. Furthermore, multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank tests were utilized to estimate the outcomes, specifically overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and metastasis. Results. The average age of 198,972 selected participants was 59.8 ± 13.1 years, and about 99.3% of them were female. Result of fully adjusted binary logistic regression showed PR+ and HER2+ were positively associated with lower risk BC-LuC after adjusting confounders (ORs = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.96,

p

= 0.011 and ORs = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72–0.96,

p

= 0.012, respectively). ER+ and ER−/PR+ were detected no significant relationship with BC-LuC (ORs = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.87–1.22,

p

= 0.718 and ORs = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.61–1.72,

p

= 0.936, respectively). In subgroups analyses, the results remain stable. Multivariable Cox regression showed that BC-LuC patients with ER and PR were significantly associated with OS and DSS. However, ER, PR, HER2, and ER−/PR+ were significantly associated with OS and DSS in breast cancer patients. The relationship between ER, PR, HER2, and ER−/PR+ and metastasis in breast cancer patients was different. Conclusion. The results of this study indicated a potential correlation between PR- and HER2- status and a risk of developing BC-LuC. Furthermore, it appears that the prognosis of BC-LuC may be influenced by the presence of ER+ and PR+. Therefore, additional research is warranted to fully investigate and validate this association.
Real-Time Artificial Intelligence–Based Guidance of Echocardiographic Imaging by Novices: Image Quality and Suitability for Diagnostic Interpretation and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Mor-Avi Victor , Khandheria Bijoy , Klempfner Robert , Cotella Juan I. , Moreno Merav , Ignatowski Denise , Guile Brittney , Hayes Hailee J. , Hipke Kyle , Kaminski Abigail , Spiegelstein Dan , Avisar Noa , Kezurer Itay , Mazursky Asaf , Handel Ran , Peleg Yotam , Avraham Shir , Ludomirsky Achiau , Lang Roberto M. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to assess in a prospective multicenter study the quality of echocardiographic exams performed by inexperienced users guided by a new artificial intelligence software and evaluate their suitability for diagnostic interpretation of basic cardiac pathology and quantitative analysis of cardiac chamber and function.

METHODS:
The software (UltraSight, Ltd) was embedded into a handheld imaging device (Lumify; Philips). Six nurses and 3 medical residents, who underwent minimal training, scanned 240 patients (61±16 years; 63% with cardiac pathology) in 10 standard views. All patients were also scanned by expert sonographers using the same device without artificial intelligence guidance. Studies were reviewed by 5 certified echocardiographers blinded to the imager’s identity, who evaluated the ability to assess left and right ventricular size and function, pericardial effusion, valve morphology, and left atrial and inferior vena cava sizes. Finally, apical 4-chamber images of adequate quality, acquired by novices and sonographers in 100 patients, were analyzed to measure left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and global longitudinal strain by an expert reader using conventional methodology. Measurements were compared between novices’ and experts’ images.

RESULTS:
Of the 240 studies acquired by novices, 99.2%, 99.6%, 92.9%, and 100% had sufficient quality to assess left ventricular size and function, right ventricular size, and pericardial effusion, respectively. Valve morphology, right ventricular function, and left atrial and inferior vena cava size were visualized in 67% to 98% exams. Images obtained by novices and sonographers yielded concordant diagnostic interpretation in 83% to 96% studies. Quantitative analysis was feasible in 83% images acquired by novices and resulted in high correlations (r≥0.74) and small biases, compared with those obtained by sonographers.

CONCLUSIONS:
After minimal training with the real-time guidance software, novice users can acquire images of diagnostic quality approaching that of expert sonographers in most patients. This technology may increase adoption and improve accuracy of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound.
NAT10 Is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling Through ac4C-Mediated Transcriptomic Regulation
Authors: Shi Jing , Yang Chuanxi , Zhang Jing , Zhao Kun , Li Peng , Kong Chuiyu , Wu Xiaoguang , Sun Haoliang , Zheng Rui , Sun Wei , Chen Lianmin , Kong Xiangqing 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Heart failure, characterized by cardiac remodeling, is associated with abnormal epigenetic processes and aberrant gene expression. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10)-mediated N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation during cardiac remodeling.

METHODS:
NAT10 and ac4C expression were detected in both human and mouse subjects with cardiac remodeling through multiple assays. Subsequently, acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing, thiol-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq), and ribosome sequencing (Ribo-seq) were employed to elucidate the role of ac4C-modified posttranscriptional regulation in cardiac remodeling. Additionally, functional experiments involving the overexpression or knockdown of NAT10 were conducted in mice models challenged with Ang II (angiotensin II) and transverse aortic constriction.

RESULTS:

NAT10 expression and RNA ac4C levels were increased in in vitro and in vivo cardiac remodeling models, as well as in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Silencing and inhibiting NAT10 attenuated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiofibroblast activation. Next-generation sequencing revealed ac4C changes in both mice and humans with cardiac hypertrophy were associated with changes in global mRNA abundance, stability, and translation efficiency. Mechanistically, NAT10 could enhance the stability and translation efficiency of
CD47
and
ROCK2
transcripts by upregulating their mRNA ac4C modification, thereby resulting in an increase in their protein expression during cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, the administration of Remodelin, a NAT10 inhibitor, has been shown to prevent cardiac functional impairments in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction by suppressing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammatory responses, while also regulating the expression levels of CD47 and ROCK2 (Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2).

CONCLUSIONS:
Therefore, our data suggest that modulating epitranscriptomic processes, such as ac4C acetylation through NAT10, may be a promising therapeutic target against cardiac remodeling.
Application of machine learning in predicting survival outcomes involving real-world data: a scoping review
Authors: Huang Yinan , Li Jieni , Li Mai , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the interest in machine learning (ML) algorithms for analyzing real-world data (RWD) in healthcare, the use of ML in predicting time-to-event data, a common scenario in clinical practice, is less explored. ML models are capable of algorithmically learning from large, complex datasets and can offer advantages in predicting time-to-event data. We reviewed the recent applications of ML for survival analysis using RWD in healthcare.

Methods
PUBMED and EMBASE were searched from database inception through March 2023 to identify peer-reviewed English-language studies of ML models for predicting time-to-event outcomes using the RWD. Two reviewers extracted information on the data source, patient population, survival outcome, ML algorithms, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC).

Results
Of 257 citations, 28 publications were included. Random survival forests (N = 16, 57%) and neural networks (N = 11, 39%) were the most popular ML algorithms. There was variability across AUC for these ML models (median 0.789, range 0.6–0.950). ML algorithms were predominately considered for predicting overall survival in oncology (N = 12, 43%). ML survival models were often used to predict disease prognosis or clinical events (N = 27, 96%) in the oncology, while less were used for treatment outcomes (N = 1, 4%).

Conclusions
The ML algorithms, random survival forests and neural networks, are mainly used for RWD to predict survival outcomes such as disease prognosis or clinical events in the oncology. This review shows that more opportunities remain to apply these ML algorithms to inform treatment decision-making in clinical practice. More methodological work is also needed to ensure the utility and applicability of ML models in survival outcomes.
Diagnosis of leptospira by metagenomics next-generation sequencing with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a case report
Authors: Ji Jianyu , Wang Wei , Xiang Shulin , Wei Xiutian , Pang Guangbao , Shi Huirong , Dong Jinda , Pang Jing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., which could result in severe illnesses. Indirect contact with these pathogens is more common. Individuals could contract this disease through contact with contaminated water or during floods. In this case, we present the details of a 40-year-old male pig farmer who suffered from severe pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis and multiple organ failure. The diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed through metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) while the patient received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, and antibiotic treatment was adjusted accordingly. The patient underwent comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion
This case illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis. While obtaining the epidemiological history, second-generation metagenomics sequencing was utilized to confirm the etiology. The prompt initiation of ECMO therapy provided a crucial window of opportunity for addressing the underlying cause. This case report offers valuable insights for diagnosing patients with similar symptoms.
PCDH1, a poor prognostic biomarker and potential target for pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic therapy
Authors: Du Xingyi , Yi Xiaoyu , Zou Xiaocui , Chen Yuan , Tai Yanhong , Ren Xuhong , He Xinhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an aggressive solid tumour characterised by few early symptoms, high mortality, and lack of effective treatment. Therefore, it is important to identify new potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers of PAAD.

Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases were used to identify the expression and prognostic model of protocadherin 1 (PCDH1). The prognostic performance of risk factors and diagnosis of patients with PAAD were evaluated by regression analysis, nomogram, and receiver operating characteristic curve. Paraffin sections were collected from patients for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The expression of PCDH1 in cells obtained from primary tumours or metastatic biopsies was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were used to verify PCDH1 expression levels and the inhibitory effects of the compounds.

Results
The RNA and protein levels of PCDH1 were significantly higher in PAAD cells than in normal pancreatic ductal cells, similar to those observed in tissue sections from patients with PAAD. Aberrant methylation of the CpG site cg19767205 and micro-RNA (miRNA) hsa-miR-124-1 may be important reasons for the high PCDH1 expression in PAAD. Up-regulated PCDH1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell metastasis. The RNA levels of PCDH1 were significantly down-regulated following flutamide treatment. Flutamide reduced the percentage of PCDH1 RNA level in PAAD cells Panc-0813 to < 50%. In addition, the PCDH1 protein was significantly down-regulated after Panc-0813 cells were incubated with 20 µM flutamide and proves to be a potential therapeutic intervention for PAAD.

Conclusion
PCDH1 is a key prognostic biomarker and promoter of PAAD metastasis. Additionally, flutamide may serve as a novel compound that down-regulates PCDH1 expression as a potential treatment for combating PAAD progression and metastasis.
Orbital cellulitis with panophthalmitis and scleral necrosis – a case report
Authors: Rodriguez Aurora , Ahmed Kamran , Tiwari Nishant , Ramasubramanian Aparna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Orbital cellulitis is common in young children and is often secondary to coexisting sinus disease. Coexisting orbital cellulitis and panophthalmitis is a rare clinical event and usually occurs secondary to trauma or from an endogenous source.

Case presentation
A febrile 2-year-old male presented with periorbital inflammation and exudative retinal detachment. Imaging showed acute sinusitis and extensive orbital cellulitis. Because of progressive scleral thinning, the patient underwent enucleation.

Conclusion
We present a case of concurrent orbital cellulitis, panophthalmitis, and scleral necrosis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. Timely intervention is important to prevent life threatening complications with the rare occurrence of coexistent orbital cellulitis and panophthalmitis.
Comparison of errors in ablation depth calculation after myopic femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis in patients with different degrees of myopia: a prospective study
Authors: Jiao Yi-Dian , Yan Zhi , Zhao Tian-Qi , Zhao Hai-Xia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the difference between the predicted preoperative corneal ablation depth and the measured ablation depth for femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in patients with different degrees of myopia, and to analyze the source of the difference.

Methods
A total of 55 patients (109 eyes) were included in this study. Multiple logistics regression was applied to analyze the sources affecting postoperative refractive outcomes. The difference between the preoperative predicted corneal ablation depth and the 1-day postoperative ablation depth in patients with different degrees of myopia was explored using linear regression. Corneal biomechanical parameters influencing error in ablation depth calculation were examined using multiple linear regression.

Results
One hundred and nine eyes were divided into low to moderate myopia (55 eyes, myopia of 6 D or less), high myopia (45 eyes, myopia ranging from 6 D to a maximum of 9 D), and very high myopia group (9 eyes, myopia greater than 9 D) based on preoperative refractive error (spherical equivalent). Postoperative visual outcomes were comparable among the three groups of patients, with no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA). We did find notable disparities in spherical equivalent (SE) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with different degrees of myopia at 1 day postoperatively (all p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that error in ablation depth calculation was an independent risk factor for refractive outcomes one day after surgery (OR = 1.689, 95% CI: 1.366 – 2.089). There was a substantial discrepancy in error in ablation depth calculation at 1 day postoperatively between the three groups. The measured ablation depth of the laser platform was lower than the predicted ablation depth in the low to moderate myopia and very high myopia groups, but the opposite was true in the high myopia group. Pre-operative SE (p < 0.001) and corneal front minimum radius of curvature (Front Rmin) (p = 0.007) obviously influenced the error in ablation depth calculation.

Conclusions
Error in ablation depth calculation values vary significantly between patients with different degrees of myopia and correlate highly with preoperative SE and Front Rmin. At the same time, the available evidence suggests that error in ablation depth calculation is an influential factor in postoperative refractive status, so it is imperative to control error in ablation depth calculation.
Relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and risk of hospitalization due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Delavar Mouloud Agajani , Jahani Mohammad ali , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Alidoost Saeide , Mehdinezhad Hamed , Farhadi Zeynab 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Short-term exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with human health risks. However, evidence on the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains limited and controversial. This study aimed to specifically assess the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and the risk of hospitalization due to COPD.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from January 1, 2010 to May 1, 2022. The odds ratio (OR) statistic was calculated as a common measure of effect size. Publication bias was also examined in all eligible studies on COPD hospitalization using funnel plots and Egger’s test, as well as trim-and-fill method for missing studies on COPD hospitalization.

Results
A total of 19 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Random-effects models were plotted to calculate the pooled effect size by measuring OR (χ2 = 349.95; df = 18; I2 = 94.86%; P = 0.007; Z = 2.68; P < 0.001). A 10-mg/m3 daily increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 1.6% (95% CI: 0.4–2.9%) increase in COPD hospitalization. There was no publication bias regarding the association between COPD hospitalization and PM2.5 (bias = 1.508; 95% CI: -1.475, 4.491; t = 1.066; P = 0.301). The subgroups of age ≥ 65 years and Asian countries were associated with an increased risk of COPD hospitalization. Besides, higher risks were estimated in the subgroups of studies performed in the warm season, case-crossover studies, studies with three lag days, and studies without adjustments for humidity and temperature confounders, with very small heterogeneity.

Conclusion
Evidence suggests that short-term exposure to PM2.5 increases COPD hospitalization. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of the association between PM2.5 and COPD for reducing air pollution, which can be beneficial for COPD patients.