bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural aberrations of chromosomes 17 and 12 in chronic B‐cell disorders
Authors: Cerretini Roxana , Chena Christian , Giere Isabel , Sarmiento Marcela , Arrossagaray Guillermo , Rodríguez Andrea , Bianco Raúl Pérez , Soler Marcela de Dios , Narbaitz Marina , Slavutsky Irma 
Published: November 2003

Abstract: Objectives: Genomic aberrations can now be identified in approximately 80% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) patients. In the present study, four new structural changes involving chromosomes 17 and 12 in CLL/SLL patients are described.Methods: Five patients were selected for inclusion in the present report among a total of 92 cases with diagnosis of CLL/SLL. Cytogenetic studies and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to detect some of the most frequent cryptic aberrations occurring in CLL/SLL patients were performed. Clinical studies are also described.Results: Four cases showed structural rearrangements of chromosome 17. A psu dic(17;2)(p11.2;p21), leading to p53 deletion, was observed in a patient who developed a mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease coexisting with the CLL/SLL in the same lymph node. Epstein–Barr virus was detected in the Reed–Sternberg cells. Two cases had a balanced translocation t(2;17)(p21;q23). Both patients showed trisomy 12 and clonal evolution and one of them also had 11q deletion. In addition, a der(17)t(12;17)(q13;q25) as a part of a complex karyotype, and a complex translocation t(5;12;19) (q15;p11;q13) were also found. Four patients had an adverse clinical outcome and died because of disease progression.Conclusions: Four unreported nonrandom chromosome aberrations in CLL/SLL patients, one of them who might represent a new recurrent abnormality, are described. These uncommon abnormalities, mostly associated with evolving disease, may have implications for the understanding of genetic events associated with disease progression in this pathology.
Preliminary Research on Seed Production and Nutrient Content for Certain Quinoa Varieties in a Saline–Sodic Soil
Authors: Karyotis Th. , Iliadis C. , Noulas Ch. , Mitsibonas Th. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the potential seed yield of eight quinoa varieties, to explore their mineral composition of seeds and to identify superior varieties in two locations with different soil properties. Compared with neutral soil conditions, seed yield in the marginal (saline–sodic) soil was decreased by 45 %. Under the latter soil conditions seed yield was negatively correlated with crop density, indicating that a considerable yield loss was due to poor and uneven plant density caused by adverse soil properties. Among the varieties, ‘RU–5–PQCIP–DANIDA–UNA’ produced the highest seed yield (>20 dt ha−1) when grown under neutral soil conditions. Under marginal conditions, the above‐mentioned variety and ‘N 407’ produced seed yields up to 10 dt ha−1whereas the rest reached yields of only about 5 dt ha−1. The majority of the varieties accumulated significantly more protein (20 %) in the seeds under saline–sodic soil conditions (lower yielding environment). The varieties originated from South America were superior in accumulating protein in the seeds at both locations. Mineral contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in the seeds were significantly higher in the neutral soil. No differences were found for phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and boron (B) between the two locations. The South American varieties were again superior in mineral composition. Adaptation of certain quinoa varieties even under marginal environments seems promising for seed production and/or protein and mineral content in the seeds. Agronomic data are needed in a due course, over a higher number of locations and/or various climatic conditions.
Growth and Development of Six Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) Cultivars in Response to a Model Weed (Sinapis alba L.)
Authors: Didon U. M. E. , Boström U. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe aim was to study the growth and development of six spring barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) cultivars as a response to a model weed population of Sinapis alba L. The development of light interception profiles over time was characterized for each cultivar in weed‐free stands. The cultivars were chosen such that they represent a range of weed‐suppressive abilities based on previously performed trials. One field experiment each was conducted in 1996 and 1997 at a site SE of Uppsala, Sweden. The two cultivars with low competitive ability against weeds, Etna and Blenheim, allowed the highest weed biomass and the lowest crop biomass in competition with the weeds. These two cultivars transmitted more photosynthetic active radiation through the canopy down to 20 and 40 cm height than did the other cultivars. Although the biomass of cv. Etna was low, the grain yield was higher than that of the other cultivars when grown in competition with weeds. In 1997, cv. Svani with good competitive ability against weeds transmitted least light and had greater grain yield than most other cultivars. The absence of a relationship between high grain yield and low weed suppressive ability in the present study indicates that it should be possible for plant breeders to combine high grain yielding capacity with approved weed‐competitive ability.
The Effect of Exposure to Ascending/Descending Imbibition Temperatures in Saline Solutions on Shoot and Root Growth Allocation in Germinating Sorghum Seed
Authors: Kader M. A. , Jutzi S. C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) seeds were examined to determine the influence of exposure to ascending and descending imbibition temperature regimes on plumule and radicle axes behaviour of seed after treatment. Treatments included soaking in distilled water, 4.5 % NaCl or 4.5 % KCl for 3 days at three ascending or descending temperatures ranging from 11 to 21 °C. Root growth was enhanced by descending temperatures (21, 16 and 11 °C) over the 3‐day period, whereas ascending temperatures (11, 16 and 21 °C) increased growth differences between shoots and roots. Shoot–root growth was affected by imbibition temperature to a greater extent than germination. However, seed soaking treatments in NaCl or KCl did not improve root or shoot growth, but did improve germination rates.
Maturity Class and P Effects on Soya Bean Grain Yield in the Moist Savanna of West Africa
Authors: Ogoke I. J. , Carsky R. J. , Togun A. O. , Dashiell K. E. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractField trials were replicated at four sites in the moist savanna ecological zone of West Africa to study the effect of maturity class and phosphorus (P) rate on grain yield and total protein yield (TPY) of some new soya bean varieties. Grain yield and TPY averaged 1.43 Mg ha−1 and 587 kg ha−1, respectively. Without P application grain yield and TPY were not significantly different among the varieties. In addition, at zero P treatment, grain yield and TPY were not significantly different among three sites where available P was 6.2 mg kg−1 or less. P application depressed grain yield and TPY at a site where the available soil P was high (16.2 mg kg−1). With P application grain yield and TPY were in the range of 1.2–2.28 Mg ha−1 and 505–948 kg ha−1, respectively, for the varieties compared with 0.99–1.12 Mg ha−1 and 454–462 kg ha−1 when P was not applied. The response of grain yield to 30 kg P ha−1 was substantial at Gidan Waya (113 %), Kasuwan Magani (63 %) and Fashola (60 %), three sites where available soil P was low. The application of 30 kg P ha−1 increased grain yield by 21 % in early, 26 % in medium and 58–70 % in the late varieties. Significant variety by P rate interaction effects were observed on grain yield and TPY but not on grain protein concentration (GPC). TPY showed greater response to P in the late varieties than in the early or medium. While seed size correlated significantly and positively with GPC, P application had no significant effect on GPC.
The Na+, K+ pump in skeletal muscle: quantification, regulation and functional significance
Authors: CLAUSEN T. 
Published: November 2003

In skeletal muscle, the Na+, K+ pump is predominantly situated in the sarcolemma (1000–3500 pumps per μm2). The total concentration can be determined in fresh or frozen biopsies (1–5 mg) using a 3H‐ouabain binding assay. The values obtained have been confirmed by measurements of maximum ouabain suppressible Na+, K+‐transport capacity in intact muscles as well as Na+, K+‐ATPase‐related enzyme activity in muscle homogenates. In the mature organism, the concentration of Na+, K+ pumps varies with muscle type and species in the range 150–600 pmol (g wet wt)‐1. In rat and human muscle, the concentration increases markedly with thyroid status. Semi‐starvation and untreated diabetes reduce the concentration by 20–48%. K+ deficiency leads to a downregulation of up to 75%. Both in animals and in humans, training increases the concentration of Na+, K+ pumps in muscle, and inactivity leads to a downregulation.High‐frequency stimulation elicits up to a 20‐fold increase in the net efflux of Na+ within 10 s This is the major activation mechanism for the Na+, K+ pump, utilizing its entire capacity and possibly represents a drive on de novo synthesis of Na+, K+ pumps. A variety of hormones (insulin, insulin‐like growth factor I, adrenaline, noradrenaline, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, calcitonin, amylin) increase the rate of active Na+, K+ transport by 60–120% within a few minutes. This leads to a decrease in intracellular Na+ and hyperpolarization. In isolated muscles, where contractility is inhibited by high extracellular K+, such agents produce rapid force recovery, which is entirely suppressed by ouabain and closely correlated to the stimulation of K+ uptake and the decline in intracellular Na+. The observations support the conclusion that the Na+, K+ pump plays a central role in the acute recovery and maintenance of excitability during contractile activity.
Oleic acid binding and transport capacity of human red cell membrane
Authors: BOJESEN I. N. , BOJESEN E. 
Published: November 2003

Resealed human red cell membranes, ghosts, bind oleate (OL) by a limited number of sites when equilibrated at 37 °C, pH 7.3 with OL bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in molar ratios below 1.5. The binding capacity is 34±2.2 nmol g‐1 ghosts with a dissociation equilibrium constant (37 °C) Kdm 1.38±0.15 fold Kd of albumin binding. Kdm is temperature independent and ∼7–8 nm.Exchange efflux kinetics at 0 °C to buffers of various albumin concentrations ([BSAy]) is biexponential and is analysed in terms of a three‐compartment model. Accordingly the ratio of inner to outer membrane leaflet binding sites is 0.450±0.018 and the rate constant of unidirectional flux from inside to outside is 0.067±0.01 s‐1. The rate constant of flux from the extracellular side of the membrane to BSAy increases with the square root of [BSAy] as expected of an unstirred layer effect. This provides an estimate of the dissociation rate constant of OL–BSA complex at 0 °C of 0.0063±0.0003 s‐1.Exchange efflux from ghosts containing four different [BSAi] obeys the expected kinetics of a three‐compartment approximation of the theoretical model. Accounting for the effect of an unstirred fluid inside ghosts, the rate coefficients fit the values predicted by the parameters obtained by the studies of albumin‐free ghosts. The results show that the OL transport across the membrane is mediated exclusively by the asymmetrically distributed binding sites. The differences between transport sites of three long‐chain fatty acids suggest that they are protein determined microdomains of phospholipids.
Fatigue vs. shortening‐induced deactivation in striated muscle
Authors: EDMAN K. A. P. 
Published: November 2003

Fatigue and shortening‐induced deactivation, two conditions that both lead to reversible depression of the mechanical performance of striated muscle are briefly reviewed. Fatigue. Isolated fibres from frog skeletal muscle (1–3 °C) that are stimulated to produce a 1 s fused tetanus at 15 s intervals are brought into a state of reduced to 70–75% of the control) that is attributable to reduced performance of the myofibrils with no significant change in activation of the contractile system. A more intense stimulation programme (a single stimulus applied at 1–2 s intervals) reduces the tetanic force below 70% of the rested‐state level. Under these conditions, failure of activation becomes increasingly important as a cause of the force decline. Deficient inward spread of activation is likely to account for at least part of the force decline after a period of intense fatiguing stimulation. Shortening‐induced deactivation. Striated muscle that is allowed to shorten during activity loses some of its capacity to produce force, full restoration of the contractile strength being attained 1–2 s after the shortening phase. The depressant effect of shortening is demonstrable in skinned preparations as well as in intact muscle fibres and the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the state of activation of the muscle fibre when the movement occurs. The experimental evidence supports the view that sliding of the thick and thin filaments during activity reduces the affinity for calcium at the regulatory sites on the thin filament, leading to a transitory deactivation of the contractile system.
Treadmill exercise in mice increases intestinal lymphocyte loss via apoptosis
Authors: Hoffman‐Goetz L. , Quadrilatero J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStrenuous exercise is associated with a transient decline in circulating lymphocytes, possibly through increased apoptosis. Intestinal lymphocytes are important effector cells of intestinal immune function but have not been studied in relation to exercise.Aim:  The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of exercise on intestinal lymphocyte phenotypes and apoptosis.Methods:  Female C57BL/6 mice (n = 112) were randomized to: (1) treadmill running (90 min, 32 m min−1, 8° grade) and killed immediately after exercise, (2) treadmill running and killed 2 h after exercise, (3) treadmill running and killed 24 h after exercise or (4) a non‐exercised control condition with exposure to treadmill noise and vibration without running.Results:  Flow cytometry indicated that the total intestinal CD3+T (P < 0.01), CD4+T (P < 0.005), CD8+T (P < 0.05), pan‐NK (P < 0.005) and CD19+B (P < 0.05) lymphocytes were significantly lower 24 h after exercise compared with non‐exercised controls. Significantly more CD3+T (P < 0.05) and CD8+T (P < 0.05) intestinal lymphocytes stained positive for annexin V, a marker of apoptosis, at 24 h after exercise compared with intestinal lymphocytes from non‐exercised controls. Plasma corticosterone and 8‐isoprostane concentrations were also significantly higher immediately after exercise compared with other exercise conditions.Conclusion:  Acute strenuous exercise increases intestinal T (CD3+ and CD8+) lymphocyte loss and apoptosis. The extent to which the exercise‐induced apoptosis in intestinal lymphocytes is mediated by increased glucocorticoid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract will require further studies.
Artemisinin population pharmacokinetics in children and adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria
Authors: Sidhu J. S. , Ashton M. , Huong N. V. , Hai T. N. , Karlsson M. O. , Sy N. D. , Jonsson E. N. , Cong L. D. 
Published: November 2003

Aims
To investigate the pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial artemisinin in the field setting using sparsely collected data.
Methods
Artemisinin concentrations were determined by h.p.l.c. in a total of 107 capillary plasma samples collected on the first day and in 33 samples on the last day of a 5‐day oral artemisinin regimen of 10 mg kg−1 day−1 in 23 paediatric (aged 2–12 years) and 31 adult (aged 16–45 years) Vietnamese patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The population model was developed using NONMEM, incorporating interoccasion variability and accounting for a systematic change in artemisinin pharmacokinetics with time, modelled as a change in oral bioavailability.
Results
Clinical efficacy, in terms of parasite clearance and fever subsidence times, was comparable between children and adults. A one‐compartment model with separate pharmacokinetic estimates for children and adults was found best to describe the disposition of artemisinin after oral administration. The population estimates for artemisinin clearance and distribution volume, respectively, were 432 l h−1 and 1600 l for adults and 14.4 l h−1 kg−1 and 37.9 l kg−1 for children, with an intersubject variability (collectively for both age groups) of 45% and 104%, respectively. The oral bioavailability was estimated to decrease from Day 1 to Day 5 by a factor of 6.9, a value found to be similar for children and adults.
Conclusions
Artemisinin pharmacokinetic data was successfully derived in both paediatric and adult patients using 2–3 capillary blood samples taken in conjunction with parasitaemia monitoring. This study’s findings advocated the dosing of artemisinin to children according to bodyweight and to adults according to a standard dose.
Effect of selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibition on the early and late asthmatic responses to inhaled allergen
Authors: Bardin Philip G. , Dorward Martina A. , Lampe Fiona C. , Franke Brigitte , Holgate Stephen T. 
Published: November 2003

Aims
Phosphodiesterase isoenzymes may play an important role in the regulation of airway calibre and bronchial smooth muscle function. Immunomodulatory actions may also be important in allergic airway inflammation. We have examined the effect of a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibitor (MKS492) on the early and late responses to inhaled allergen in 18 atopic asthmatic subjects.
Methods
On three separate occasions, 2–4 weeks apart, patients were administered either placebo, 20 mg or 40 mg of oral MKS492 as a single dose. After 90 min they inhaled a dose of allergen (grass pollen or D. pteronyssinus ) that had been demonstrated to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1. Measurements of FEV1 were repeated at 30 min intervals over the subsequent 7.5 h.
Results
After placebo, allergen inhalation produced bronchoconstriction with a maximum mean minimum FEV1 of 75.9% (12.7) (mean [s.d.]) of post‐saline baseline values and a late response developed in 13 subjects (decrease in FEV1≥15%). MKS492 (40 mg) increased the mean minimum % post‐saline FEV1 at 30 min from 81.6% (14.0) for placebo to 93.1% (13.8), difference 11.5, 95% CI (2.6, 20.4). The mean minimum % post‐saline FEV1 in the early response (0‐2 h) was also increased by the 40 mg dose to 86.5% (11.8) vs 77.9% (13.8) for placebo, but not by the 20 mg dose. Significant bronchodilatation was noted 90 min after dosing (pre‐allergen) in the MKS492 40 mg group. Late phase responses as assessed by 4 h % post‐saline FEV1 was significantly improved by MKS 492 40 mg to 90.0% (6.3) vs 83.0% (12.4) for placebo–difference 7.0, 95% CI (0.1, 13.9), but again not by the 20 mg dose. Analysis of the area under the FEV1 response‐time course curves showed non‐significant reduction in the late response after the 40 mg dose (placebo 159.0, 134.8) vs 128.1, [81.5] for 40 mg).
Conclusions
A novel PDE 3 inhibitor significantly decreases the early bronchoconstrictor response in asthma and attenuates the late response; effects that may be more marked at higher doses.
The airway effects of stopping regular oral theophylline in patients with asthma
Authors: Bennett J. A. , Thompson Coon J. , Pavord I. D. , Wilding P. J. , Tattersfield A. E. 
Published: November 2003

Aims
We investigated whether the deterioration in asthma control reported following cessation of theophylline was due to tolerance to theophylline.
Methods
Eighteen subjects with mild stable asthma were given oral theophylline 10 mg kg−1 day−1 or placebo for 2 weeks in a double‐blind crossover study. FEV1 and PD20 histamine were measured before and 8 h after the first dose of treatment and 8, 32 and 56 h after the final dose. PD20 AMP was measured before treatment and 9 h after the final dose.
Results
Six patients did not tolerate theophylline. In the other 12 subjects there were no differences between treatments in daily PEF, symptom scores, rescue bronchodilator use, PD20 histamine or FEV1 up to 8 h post treatment. Following withdrawal of theophylline there were significantly lower values for mean FEV1 (mean difference 0.15 l, 95% CI 0.03, 026) and PD20 AMP compared to placebo but no difference in other end points.
Conclusions
The small rebound deterioration in lung function following regular treatment with therapeutic doses of oral theophylline is consistent with the development of tolerance.
Inhibitory effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on phenacetin O‐deethylation catalysed by human CYP1A2
Authors: Kobayashi K. , Nakajima M. , Chiba K. , Yamamoto T. , Tani M. , Ishizaki T. , Kuroiwa Y. 
Published: November 2003

Aims
The aim of the study was to clarify whether the pharmacokinetic interaction between theophylline and mexiletine is mediated by inhibition of CYP1A2 and to assess the possible interaction potential of other antiarrhythmic drugs with drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Methods
The inhibitory effects of mexiletine and 10 antiarrhythmic drugs on phenacetin O‐deethylation, a marker reaction of CYP1A2, were studied using human liver microsomes and cDNA‐expressed CYP1A2.
Results
Propafenone and mexiletine inhibited phenacetin O‐deethylation with IC50 values of 29 and 37 μm, respectively. Disopyramide, procainamide and pilsicainide produced negligible inhibition of phenacetin O‐deethylation (IC50>1 mm ). Amiodarone, bepridil, aprindine, lignocaine, flecainide and quinidine inhibited phenacetin O‐deethylation in a concentration‐dependent manner, although the inhibitory effects were relatively weak with IC50 values ranging from 86 to 704 μm. Propafenone and mexiletine selectively abolished the high‐affinity component of phenacetin O‐deethylation in human liver microsomes. In addition, propafenone and mexiletine inhibited phenacetin O‐deethylation catalysed by cDNA‐expressed CYP1A2.
Conclusions
These data suggest that, among the antiarrhythmic drugs studied, propafenone and mexiletine are relatively potent inhibitors of CYP1A2, which may cause a drug‐drug interaction with drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Vigabatrin:placental transfer ‘ooin vivo‘ox and excretion into breast milk of the enantiomers
Authors: Tran A. , O’Mahoney T. , Rey E. , Mai J. , Mumford J. P. , Olive G. 
Published: November 2003

Aims
Vigabatrin is a new antiepileptic medication consisting of a racemic mixture of 50% active S enantiomer and 50% inactive R enantiomer. Since patients suffering from epilepsy may become pregnant, it is important to understand the extent of placental transfer of such medication.
Methods
During steady‐state, vigabatrin enantiomer concentrations were measured in maternal and umbilical blood and in breast milk of two patients.
Results
The concentration ratios from the umbilical vein to maternal plasma were R:0.068, S:0.16; 4h25 min after drug administration (case 1) and R:1.39, S:0.91; 9h after drug administration (case 2). The milk:plasma concentration ratio was lower than 1 at pre dose sampling in both cases, as well as 3 and 6 h post dose in one case. An estimate of the maximum amount of R and S enantiomers of vigabatrin that a suckling infant would ingest in a day is 3.6% and 1% of the weight‐adjusted daily dose respectively.
Conclusions
These results would suggest a slow placental transfer of the vigabatrin enantiomers and that the quantity ingested through milk is small.