bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for cost‐effectiveness analysis from clinical trial data
Authors: O'Hagan Anthony , Stevens John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a general Bayesian framework for cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) from clinical trial data. This framework allows for very flexible modelling of both cost and efficacy related trial data. A common CEA technique is established for this wide class of models through linking mean efficacy and mean cost to the parameters of any given model.Examples are given in which efficacy may be measured as a continuous, binary, ordinal or time‐to‐event outcome, and in which costs are modelled as distributed normally, log‐normally, as a mixture or non‐parametrically.A case study is presented, illustrating the methodology and illuminating the role of prior information. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obtaining disability weights in rural Burkina Faso using a culturally adapted visual analogue scale
Authors: Baltussen R.M.P.M. , Sanon M. , Sommerfeld J. , Würthwein R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBurden of disease (BOD) estimates used to foster local health policy require disability weights which represent local preferences for different health states. The global burden of disease (GBD) study presumes that disability weights are universal and equal across countries and cultures, but this is questionable. This indicates the need to measure local disability weights across nations and/or cultures. We developed a culturally adapted version of the visual analogue scale (VAS) for a setting in rural Burkina Faso. Using an anthropologic approach, BOD‐relevant health states were translated into culturally meaningful disability scenarios. The scaling procedure was adapted using a locally relevant scale. Nine hypothetical health states were evaluated by seven panels of in total 39 lay individuals and 17 health professionals. Results show that health professionals' rankings and valuations of health states matched those of lay people to a certain extent. In comparison to that of the lay people, health professionals rated seven out of nine health states as slightly to moderately less severe. The instrument scored well on inter‐panel and test–retest reliability and construct validity. Our research shows the feasibility of eliciting disability weights in a rural African setting using a culturally adapted VAS. Moreover, the results of the present study suggest that it might be possible to use health professionals' preferences on disability weights as a proxy for lay people's preferences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent class versus two‐part models in the demand for physician services across the European Union
Authors: Jiménez‐Martín Sergi , Labeaga José M. , Martínez‐Granado Maite 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing three waves of data from the European Community Household Panel, this paper estimates demand for physician services equations for 12 European countries. We focus on the selection of the most appropriate econometric specification for visits to general practitioners and to specialists among two‐part and latent class models. The distinction between the demand of services from these two types of physicians allows us to distinguish cases in which two‐part perform better than latent class models, evidence which is different from previous findings in the literature. The results suggest that latent class models are more appropriate than two‐part models to estimate general practitioners utilisation while the opposite is found for visits to the specialists. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis of the sinonasal tract: Report on the clinicopathologic features of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Pereira Emílio M. , Millas Ieda , Reis‐Filho Jorge S. , Maeda Sueli A. , Franco Marcello 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis (EAF) is a rare fibroinflammatory lesion of the sinonasal tract that occurs mainly in young to middle‐aged female patients. Only two previous cases affecting male patients have been reported, and its etiopathogenesis remains unknown. The authors report on the third case of the entity in a male patient and review the 12 previously reported cases.Case ReportA 52‐year‐old male patient was initially seen with a 15 years history of allergic rhinitis, progressive nasal obstruction, and left‐sided hearing loss. All laboratory tests were unremarkable, except the nasal discharge eosinophil count that showed a conspicuous eosinophilia. The video‐assisted‐nasofibroscopic examination and CT scans disclosed a thickened deviated nasal septum with a subjacent infiltrative lesion. The histologic analysis of the nasal septum showed a variable mixed inflammatory cellular infiltration mainly composed of eosinophils, plasma cells, and histiocytes with a perivascular distribution; in other areas, an angiocentric fibrosing lesion with a peculiar perivascular onion‐skin pattern was observed. The patient had a partial resection of the lesion with symptomatic control.ConclusionsThe presence of rhinitis and nasal eosinophilia in our case associated with the clinical aspects of the previously reported cases further support an allergic cause for EAF. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 307–311, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10041
Definitive radiotherapy in the management of chemodectomas arising in the temporal bone, carotid body, and glomus vagale
Authors: Hinerman Russell W. , Mendenhall William M. , Amdur Robert J. , Stringer Scott P. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the results of treatment for 71 patients with 80 chemodectomas of the temporal bone, carotid body, or glomus vagale who were treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone (72 tumors in 71 patients) or subtotal resection and RT (8 tumors) at the University of Florida between 1968 and 1998.Methods and MaterialsSixty‐six lesions were previously untreated, whereas 14 had undergone prior treatment (surgery, 11 lesions; RT, 1 lesion; or both, 2 lesions) and were treated for locally recurrent disease. All three patients who received prior RT had been treated at other institutions. Patients had minimum follow‐up times as follows: 2 years, 66 patients (93%); 5 years, 53 patients (75%); 10 years, 37 patients (52%); 15 years, 29 patients (41%); 20 years, 18 patients (25%); 25 years, 12 patients (17%); and 30 years, 4 patients (6%).ResultsThere were five local recurrences at 2.6 years, 4.6 years, 5.3 years, 8.3 years, and 18.8 years, respectively. Four were in glomus jugulare tumors and one was a carotid body tumor. Two of the four patients with glomus jugulare failures were salvaged, one with stereotactic radiosurgery and one with surgery and postoperative RT at another institution. Two of the five recurrences had been treated previously at other institutions with RT and/or surgery. Treatment for a third recurrence was discontinued, against medical advice, before receiving the prescribed dose. There were, therefore, only 2 failures in 65 previously untreated lesions receiving the prescribed course of RT. The overall crude local control rate for all 80 lesions was 94%, with an ultimate local control rate of 96% after salvage treatment. The incidence of treatment‐related complications was low.ConclusionsIrradiation offers a high probability of tumor control with relatively minimal risks for patients with chemodectomas of the temporal bone and neck. There were no severe treatment complications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 363–371, 2001.
Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance after radiotherapy for childhood head cancer
Authors: Surico Giammarco , Muggeo Paola , Mappa Luigi , Muggeo Vito , Conti Valeria , Lucarelli Annunziata , Novielli Chiara , Rigillo Nicola 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy of the head region in children is known to cause long‐term sequelae, such as facial, dental, and ocular abnormalities. We investigated whether a decreased nasal mucociliary function occurs after radiotherapy of the head in children.MethodsA saccharin/charcoal test was performed in 20 children treated with radiotherapy of the head and in 20 controls, age‐matched and gender‐matched.ResultsWe found a decreased nasal mucociliary clearance (lower percentage of responses (p = 0083) and longer mucociliary transport times (p = .0001) in the patients compared with the controls. The radiotherapy dosage influenced the response to the test (p = .0046).ConclusionsIrradiation of the head in children may cause impairment of mucociliary function, even permanently, which may predispose children to upper respiratory infections. We would suggest careful monitoring of such patients to detect as early as possible the clinical effects of the functional changes and to prevent the evolution to chronic diseases. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 461–466, 2001
Ultrasonic quantification of geniohyoid cross‐sectional area and tissue composition: A preliminary study of age and radiation effects
Authors: Watkin Kenneth L. , Diouf Ibrahima , Gallagher Tanya M. , Logemann Jeri A. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Ettema Sandra L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis study developed and used a new, noninvasive approach to quantify cross‐sectional area and tissue composition within the geniohyoid (GH) muscle in normal adults and head and neck cancer patients.MethodsB‐mode ultrasound was used to measure GH cross‐sectional area at rest and during four speech gestures and GH tissue composition at rest in normal young adults, patients with SCC head and neck cancer treated with primary radiotherapy, and normal older adults age matched with the patients.ResultsPatients exhibited significantly greater GH cross‐sectional area than young subjects at rest and in effortful conditions. Significantly greater muscle tissue variability across GH quadrants was observed in patients compared with normal subjects and in older compared with younger subjects.ConclusionsB‐mode ultrasound area analyses and tissue classification techniques can be used to quantify muscle changes, such as those resulting from age, radiotherapy, or rehabilitation for head and neck cancer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 467–474, 2001.
Post‐training reversible inactivation of hippocampus reveals interference between memory systems
Authors: Schroeder Jason P. , Wingard Jeffrey C. , Packard Mark G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA post‐training reversible lesion technique was used to examine the effects of neural inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus on place and response learning. Male Long‐Evans rats trained in one of two versions of a water plus‐maze task received post‐training intra‐hippocampal infusions of the local anesthetic drug bupivacaine (0.75% solution, 0.5 μl), or saline. Post‐training intra‐hippocampal infusions of bupivacaine attenuated acquisition of the place task and enhanced acquisition of the response task. Delayed (2‐h) post‐training infusions of bupivacaine did not affect retention in either task. The findings demonstrate (1) enhanced learning after reversible hippocampal lesions that is independent of treatment influences on non‐mnemonic factors, and (2) inactivation of the dorsal hippocampus during the post‐training memory consolidation period is sufficient to enhance response learning. Hippocampus 2002;12:280–284. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Field potentials in the human hippocampus during the encoding and recognition of visual stimuli
Authors: Paller Ken A. , McCarthy Gregory 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntracranial field potentials were recorded from electrodes implanted in the hippocampus in 12 epileptic patients. Potentials were elicited by stimuli presented during a delayed matching‐to‐sample test. Each trial began with a sample stimulus composed of a 3 × 3 grid of rectangular color patches. The sample was followed by a sequence of similar but task‐irrelevant stimuli and the sequential presentation of two test stimuli, one of which was identical to the sample. Patients indicated their recognition of the test stimulus that matched the sample with a button press. High‐amplitude negative potentials were consistently elicited by sample and test stimuli. Peak amplitudes occurred 300–500 ms after stimulus onset and were larger for the sample in all cases. The patterns of potential gradients observed between adjacent hippocampal contacts and the locations of maximal amplitudes, as verified by magnetic resonance imaging in seven patients, suggest that these potentials were produced by neuronal activity in posterior hippocampus. These field potentials appear to index a memory storage function engaged in response to events that will later be remembered. The hippocampal contribution to storing declarative memories can thus begin, in some circumstances, within the first half‐second after the presentation of a to‐be‐remembered stimulus. Hippocampus 2002;12:415–420. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increase of nestin‐immunoreactive neural precursor cells in the dentate gyrus of pediatric patients with early‐onset temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Blümcke Ingmar , Schewe Jens‐Christian , Normann Sabine , Brüstle Oliver , Schramm Johannes , Elger Christian E. , Wiestler Otmar D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA considerable potential for neurogenesis has been identified in the epileptic rat hippocampus. Here, we explore this feature in human patients suffering from chronic mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Immunohistochemical detection of the neurodevelopmental antigen nestin was used to detect neural precursor cells, and cell‐type specific markers were employed to study their histogenetic origin and potential for neuronal or glial differentiation. The ontogenetic regulation of nestin‐positive precursors was established in human control brains (week 19 of gestation–15 years of age). A striking increase of nestin‐immunoreactive cells within the hilus and dentate gyrus could be observed in a group of young patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and surgical treatment before age 2 years compared to adult TLE patients and controls. The cellular morphology and regional distribution closely resembled nestin‐immunoreactive granule‐cell progenitors transiently expressed during prenatal human hippocampus development. An increased Ki‐67 proliferation index and clusters of supragranular nestin‐immunoreactive cells within the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were also noted in the group of young TLE patients. Confocal studies revealed colocalization of nestin and the βIII isoform of tubulin, indicating a neuronal fate for some of these cells. Vimentin was consistently expressed in nestin‐immunoreactive cells, whereas cell lineage‐specific markers, i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein, MAP2, neurofilament protein, NeuN, or calbindin D‐28k failed to colocalize. These findings provide evidence for increased neurogenesis in pediatric patients with early onset of temporal lobe epilepsy and/or point towards a delay in hippocampal maturation in a subgroup of patients with TLE. Hippocampus 2001;11:311–321. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality evaluation and indicator comparison in health care
Authors: Øvretveit John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy 2005 all healthcare organizations in Europe will be required to take part in a quality evaluation scheme and to collect data about the quality of their service. Hospitals and doctors will need to prove they are safe—quality is no longer assumed. These were the predictions of a recent workshop of Nordic quality experts. The pressures to assess quality are increasing, and there are many assessment, certification, accreditation and measurement schemes in use. Which is best? What evidence is there that any have been effective? How should a hospital or region introduce such a scheme? There are many proponents for different schemes, and an increasing amount of experience to help answer these questions, but little research.This paper provides an overview for non‐specialists of the different quality evaluation and indicator schemes for inspection and improvement. It draws on the experiences of quality specialists and leaders in each Nordic country who have applied the schemes in public hospitals and healthcare services.How a scheme is introduced and used may be more important than which particular scheme is chosen. This is one conclusion of the Nordic workshop. Other conclusions are that there is a need for clinicians to be involved, a need to balance simplicity and low cost with scientific validity and credibility with clinicians, and a need for research into different schemes to discover their costs and benefits in healthcare. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee experience of structural change in two Norwegian hospitals
Authors: Roald Jan , Edgren Lars 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdvances in medical and technological procedures, together with changes in demography, demand structural changes in the Nordic health care systems. Few studies have focused on employee perceptions of these structural changes. This study aims to describe employee reactions following a merger between two Norwegian hospitals. A Grounded theory approach has been used in this study. The theoretical model is based on empirical data collected from employees directly affected by the structural change process. Employee resistance was found to be the core category. Three categories were found in relation to this core category; goal uncertainty, organizational culture and individual insecurity. Different perceptions and interpretations of vaguely formulated goals lead to employee resistance. The difference between the organizational cultures in the two hospitals impeded the merger according to the project plan, and very few positive results could be seen. Individual insecurity regarding the future was experienced in connection with the implementation of structural change. The authors propose a strategy to counteract resistance in similar mergers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between the learning organization concept and firms' financial performance: An empirical assessment
Authors: Ellinger Andrea D. , Ellinger Alexander E. , Yang Baiyin , Howton Shelly W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe concept of the learning organization has received considerable attention in the scholarly literature
because superior learning processes have been heralded as a source of competitive advantage. Organizations that
embrace strategies consistent with the learning organization are thought to achieve improved performance. Yet few
empirical studies have examined the relationship between the learning organization concept and firms'
financial performance. To assess this association, the authors obtained managerial responses to the Watkins and
Marsick Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ©) instrument along
with both perceptual and objective measures of firms' financial performance. Results suggest a positive
association between the learning organization concept and firms' financial performance. The article
discusses implications for research and practice.
An exploratory assessment of the purposes of performance appraisals in north and central america and the pacific rim
Authors: Milliman John , Nason Stephen , Zhu Cherrie , De Cieri Helen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhile performance appraisals are considered important management tools in many countries, their purposes and
practices vary significantly between countries. Unfortunately, there is little empirical data on the specific
practices of appraisals across countries. The focus of this study is to empirically examine the current
purposes of performance appraisals in ten different countries and regions in Asia, North America, and Latin
America. The purposes of appraisals studied here include documentation, development, administrative (pay
and promotions), and subordinate expression. This paper also examines how the respondents believe the
purposes of appraisals should ideally be practiced. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contextual Determinants of Reward Systems' Success: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Fay Charles H. , Thompson Michael A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractData were collected on successful and unsuccessful reward initiatives. The initiatives included new and
modified base pay, short‐ and long‐term incentive, benefits, and perquisite/lifestyle rewards.
Initiative success was measured on seven factors, and ten conditions were measured for initiative success.
Follow‐up telephone calls to most respondents provided more detail for examples. Analysis suggests that a
common set of criteria can be used to judge the success of different kinds of programs. Surprisingly, success in
plan design was not a significant explanatory variable in reaching success on any criterion of rewards initiative
success. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ecstasy abuse and dependence among adolescents and young adults: applicability and reliability of DSM‐IV criteria
Authors: Cottler Linda B. , Womack Sharon B. , Compton Wilson M. , Ben‐Abdallah Arbi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs part of an ongoing National Institute on Drug Abuse study on the reliability of DSM substance use disorders, 173 adolescents and young adults have been interviewed to date with the CIDI‐Substance Abuse Module (SAM) to determine use and abuse of and dependence on ‘club drugs’ and other substances. Respondents are recruited from a substance abuse program, high school ads, college dorm flyers, the internet and chain referral. Retest interviews after 5 days determined the reliability of responses. Ecstasy use was reported by 52 respondents (30%); of these users 52% were female and 23% were non‐white. Nearly all users (94%) reported recent Ecstasy use. Among Ecstasy users, ‘continuing to use despite knowledge of physical or psychological harm’ was the most prevalent dependence criterion (63%), with excellent retest agreement (κ = 0.66). Withdrawal (59%) and tolerance (35%) were also commonly reported dependence criteria. Hazardous use was the most commonly reported abuse symptom. Most surprising were the rates of Ecstasy use disorders: 43% met DSM‐IV criteria for dependence; 34% met criteria for abuse; only 23% met neither. This is the first effort to assess the reliability of Ecstasy abuse and dependence, and the first to determine abuse and dependence using criteria specific to Ecstasy. The importance of additional studies and the relevance of such work to DSM‐V are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating evapotranspiration for a temperate salt marsh, Newcastle, Australia
Authors: Hughes C. E. , Kalma J. D. , Binning P. , Willgoose G. R. , Vertzonis M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEvapotranspiration was studied at a salt marsh site in the Hunter River estuary, NSW, Australia, during 1996–8. Estimates of actual evapotranspiration (Ea) were obtained for three sites using the eddy correlation method. These values were compared with results obtained with the Penman and Penman–Monteith equations, and with pan evaporation. The Penman–Monteith method was found to be most reliable in estimating daily and hourly evapotranspiration. Surface resistance values averaging 12 s m−1 were derived from the eddy correlation estimates. Recent tidal flooding and rainfall were found to decrease surface resistance and increase Ea/Ep ratios. Estimates of evapotranspiration obtained using the Penman–Monteith method were shown to be sensitive to changes in surface resistance, canopy height and the method used to estimate net radiation from incoming solar radiation. These results underline the importance of accurately estimating such parameters based on site‐specific data rather than relying on empirical equations, which are derived primarily for crops and forests. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.