bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going beyond the means: Exploring the role of bias from digital determinants of health in technologies
Authors: Charpignon Marie-Laure , Carrel Adrien , Jiang Yihang , Kwaga Teddy , Cantada Beatriz , Hyslop Terry , Cox Christopher E. , Haines Krista , Koomson Valencia , Dumas Guillaume , Morley Michael , Dunn Jessilyn , Ian Wong An-Kwok 
Published: October 2023

Background
In light of recent retrospective studies revealing evidence of disparities in access to medical technology and of bias in measurements, this narrative review assesses digital determinants of health (DDoH) in both technologies and medical formulae that demonstrate either evidence of bias or suboptimal performance, identifies potential mechanisms behind such bias, and proposes potential methods or avenues that can guide future efforts to address these disparities.

Approach
Mechanisms are broadly grouped into physical and biological biases (e.g., pulse oximetry, non-contact infrared thermometry [NCIT]), interaction of human factors and cultural practices (e.g., electroencephalography [EEG]), and interpretation bias (e.g, pulmonary function tests [PFT], optical coherence tomography [OCT], and Humphrey visual field [HVF] testing). This review scope specifically excludes technologies incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning. For each technology, we identify both clinical and research recommendations.

Conclusions
Many of the DDoH mechanisms encountered in medical technologies and formulae result in lower accuracy or lower validity when applied to patients outside the initial scope of development or validation. Our clinical recommendations caution clinical users in completely trusting result validity and suggest correlating with other measurement modalities robust to the DDoH mechanism (e.g., arterial blood gas for pulse oximetry, core temperatures for NCIT). Our research recommendations suggest not only increasing diversity in development and validation, but also awareness in the modalities of diversity required (e.g., skin pigmentation for pulse oximetry but skin pigmentation and sex/hormonal variation for NCIT). By increasing diversity that better reflects patients in all scenarios of use, we can mitigate DDoH mechanisms and increase trust and validity in clinical practice and research.
Surgical Management of Giant Unruptured Left Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm With Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Ozawa Keisuke , Kuwaki Kenji , Furuya Hidekazu , Yamaguchi Masaomi , Yamamoto Akiyoshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Left sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are extremely rare. Concomitant aortic valve regurgitation is a comorbidity in this pathology. This case report summarizes successful surgical treatment with aortic root replacement with a modified Bentall procedure in a 49-year-old female patient who had an unruptured huge left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with severe aortic valve regurgitation. The intraoperative assessment showed severe adhesion between the left main trunk of the coronary artery and the left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, and meticulous adhesion detachment was required.
Potentials of Climate Emergency Declarations for degrowth transformations. The ambivalent stance of German municipalities in conflicts over a post-fossil future
Authors: Brokow-Loga Anton , Krüger Timmo 
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses the scope for action by municipalities in a climate emergency and places it in the framework of ecomodern (urban) policy. We analyse the way in which two German ‘climate emergency municipalities’ translate conflicts of post-fossil transformation into concrete political and planning strategies. Although more than 2,200 authorities around the world have already declared a climate emergency, research on the impact of these resolutions on the political orientation of municipalities is very limited. Our research focus is on the (potentially agonistic) treatment of conflicts in planning. We argue that in times of a socio-ecological crisis, success in conflict resolution cannot refer to appeasement and depoliticisation. Instead, we propose a framework of five criteria, based on critical theory on ecomodern strategies, planning processes and degrowth. Thus, this practice-related and explorative paper connects empirical insights from the German cities of Constance and Berlin with an innovative normative framework. The findings tell a complex story of an, at least partial, admission of the failure of previous climate mitigation strategies, a lack of social institutions of limits, an instrumental relation to nature and a disregard for social injustices. The paper discusses how municipalities, in the context of ongoing tensions over the post-fossil transformation in Germany, on the one hand hold on to business-as-usual approaches, but on the other hand also set political impulses for change.
On the Roots of Romantic Irony and the Pleasure of Being (Mis)understood
Authors: Hay Katia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold. In the first instance it is an attempt to offer a new perspective from which to reflect on the meaning and philosophical presuppositions of Friedrich Schlegel’s defence and use of (romantic) irony, as well other related notions: humour, wit, and other comic devices. I propose to situate this perspective within a revaluation of pleasure and joy. To do this in a new way (although not in opposition to authors such as Manfred Frank, Elizabeth Millan-Zaibert, or Gary Handwerk), I refer to one of Schlegel’s earliest texts devoted to The Aesthetic Value of Greek Comedy from 1794. In addition, this paper questions the extent to which Schlegel’s position is tenable in the aftermath of the ‘death of God’. For this, I reflect briefly on the ways in which Nietzsche’s writings and notion of life-affirmation respond to Schlegel’s vindication of romantic irony.
The Battles of the Umayyads. Remembering War from West to East
Authors: Albarrán Javier 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The memory of war – and the use of this – is a constant in the Middle Ages and beyond. Within all this war memory, the remembrance of great battles is, perhaps, the most recurrent phenomenon. The pitched battle had an extraordinary impact on the people of the time, which made its remembrance remain alive and dynamic in the collective memory, as moments when the balance of power was seen to have tipped, or when aspects of collective identity were shaped. The battles became places of memory. This paper studies the memory circulating in Umayyad al-Andalus about the battles of their ancestors, the eastern Umayyads. Focusing on Ḥunayn and Marj Rāhiṭ, the two “eastern” battles most remembered in Umayyad al-Andalus and both with important implications for their dynastic history, this paper analyzes how this memory is presented, how these battles are “memorialized” and “commemorated” through texts and rituals, in what contexts of memory production they appear, and for what purposes.
How the Umayyads Lost the Islamic West: Contrasting Depictions of the Uprising of 122/740 by Arab Historians
Authors: Bosanquet Antonia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 122/740 an uprising in the Far Maghrib triggered a series of rebellions that eventually ended Arab rule over the Islamic West. The event is not of key importance for the historians of the Islamic Empire, and when it is discussed, the focus tends to lie on the uprising’s significance for Arab rule in al-Andalus rather than the Maghrib.
This study compares the most detailed accounts of the Uprising of 122 by early imperial historians such as al-Ṭabarī and Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam with those of later historians writing in the heartland of the Islamic Empire, such as Ibn al-Athīr and al-Dhahabī, and of historians situated further west, in al-Andalus and the Maghrib. It finds that the presentation of the Uprising of 122 varies depending on the historical context of and the source tradition used by the author in question. It also finds that while the Umayyad and Khārijite actors tend to be presented with a degree of differentiation and from a variety of perspectives, the portrayal of the rebels is more uniform. The rebels, referred to as Berbers in all accounts, are depicted as a monolithic entity displaying a stereotypical set of characteristics that sets them apart from notions of order and propriety that the authors associate with the Islamic Empire. Although its consequences for Arab rule in the West are not explicitly acknowledged by the historians, this comparison of how they depict its actors reveals the Uprising’s impact on the historical consciousness, particularly in regard to the inhabitants of the seceded region.
Muʿāwiya, ʿAbd al-Malik, and the Falcon of Quraysh
Authors: Toral Isabel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study explores the potential of using one of the less-studied textual sources for the caliphal period in al-Andalus, namely, the ʿIqd al-farīd by Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih (d. 940), for an investigation of the Western Umayyad discourse of legitimacy. It focuses therein the narrative portrayals of the Eastern caliphs Muʿāwiya and ʿAbd al-Malik, generally seen as models of strong and successful Umayyad leadership, and analyzes which qualities are highlighted and downsized, of them and their opponents. A close reading of selected passages shows that the result is of high complexity and ambivalence. In literalized anecdotes peppered with sayings, poems, and foreboding dreams, the narratives feature dramatic, violent scenes and tragic plots, which emphasize the human tragedy of the protagonists in their fight for power and authority in the Islamic community. The study proposes to interpret them in the framework of a particular Andalusī anxiety (“sentiment of precarity”), which saw the Umayyad dynasty and its caliphal credentials as central warrants of unity and Muslim permanence on the peninsula.
A Glimpse into Egyptian/Syrian Elite Book Culture During the Seventh/Thirteenth Century: Booklist T-S Misc. 24.28 from the Cairo Geniza Corpus
Authors: Aljoumani Said , Hirschler Konrad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the fragment of an Arabic-script book list with a Cairo Geniza provenance that includes 33 identifiable titles. On the basis of the list’s provenance, its organization, and its content, we argue that it was part of a larger Cairene library catalogue dating to the seventh/thirteenth century. All titles in this catalogue refer to Arabic poetry ranging from pre-Islamic jāhilīʾ poets to poets living in the first half of the seventh/thirteenth century. A comparison with the poetry section of the Damascene Ashrafīya Library from the same period shows a distinct overlap in terms of titles and textual format. We thus suggest that this Cairene catalogue should not primarily be seen as witness of a “Jewish” library but rather as part of Egyptian/Syrian Arabic elite book culture that cut across religious communities. While it is likely that this shared book culture went beyond Egypt and Syria and encompassed wider regions in North Africa and West Asia, further comparative material is needed to substantiate this assumption.
Design of single-ended CPW to rectangular waveguide transition on InP at 300 GHz for 5G applications
Authors: Fayyaz Umar , Niazi Shahab Ahmad , Aziz Abdul , Munir Abid , Ahmad Zulfiqar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present the development of coplanar waveguide to rectangular waveguide (CPW-WG) transition for broadband millimetre wave applications. The traditional approach for interfacing of components in pure electronics is not possible to implement in micorwave photonics at high frequency range due to some limitations like rigidity and increased loss. In order to overcome this problem, transition structures are usually designed within the waveguide model through split block mechanism. The models developed so far are complex with minimum space of interconnects and less stable due to vertical placement of waveguide. The waveguide structure proposed in this paper is placed along horizontal direction due to which stability of structure is increased and has more space for interconnects. The transition model is designed using indium phosphide (InP) to increase the efficiency and reduce the propagation loss at high frequency range. The simulated design can operate over a bandwidth of 14 GHz with a return loss of 10 dB.
Optimum design of a seat bracket using artificial neural networks and dandelion optimization algorithm
Authors: Erdaş Mehmet Umut , Kopar Mehmet , Yildiz Betül Sultan , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms are gaining popularity with their easy applicability and ability to avoid local optimum points, and they are spreading to wide application areas. Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are used to achieve an optimum design in engineering problems aiming to obtain lightweight designs. In this article, structural optimization methods are used in the process of achieving the optimum design of a seat bracket. As a result of topology optimization, a new concept design of the bracket was created and used in shape optimization. In the shape optimization, the mass and stress values obtained depending on the variables, constraint, and objective functions were created by using artificial neural networks. The optimization problem based on mass minimization is solved by applying the dandelion optimization algorithm and verified by finite element analysis.
Simultaneous broadband and high circular dichroism with two-dimensional all-dielectric chiral metasurface
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Chenqian , Sun Ti , Hu Xin , Wang Chinhua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chiral metasurfaces have great potential in various applications such as polarimetric imaging and biomedical recognition. However, simultaneous broadband and high circular dichroism (CD) with high polarization extinction ratio (PER) remains a challenge. Here, we present a novel approach to realize simultaneous broadband and high CD with high PER in the optical communication band using a two-dimensional all-dielectric chiral metasurface. The structure is formed by a two-level chiral structure of split cross (first-order) and trapezoid-shaped (second-order) of Si nano ribs, respectively, in which constructively coupled first- and second-order of chirality occurs, resulting in the broad chiral response in the far field of multipoles excited by incident light of different chiralities. Theoretical results show that a CD in transmission reaching 0.9 (up to 0.993) and a PER exceeding 20 dB (up to 35 dB) over the entire wavelength range from 1.39 to 1.61 μm can be achieved simultaneously, consistent with the experimental results of CD ∼0.9 and PER of 10 dB (up to 19.7 dB). Our design paves the way for chiral metasurfaces toward practical applications in terms of working bandwidth, high CD and PER as well as integrality of the devices in many fields.
High-performance lithium–selenium batteries enabled by nitrogen-doped porous carbon from peanut meal
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Li Linyue , Yu Sheng , Zhu Siao , Johnson Hannah M. , Zhou Yunlei , Gao Fei , Wang Linfang , Wang Zhoulu , Wu Yutong , Liu Xiang , Zhang Yi , Jiang Shan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Biomass-derived porous carbon displays a great potential for lithium–selenium (Li–Se) batteries owing to its green resource and inherent structural advantages, which can effectively restrict the shuttle effect of Se cathode. Peanut meal, by-product of the extraction of peanut oil, is a promising precursor for N-doped porous carbon. However, peanut meal is difficult to be activated in solution due to its high hydrophobicity. Thus, non-reports have been available for peanut meal-derived porous carbon used as Li–Se battery cathode host. In this work, we have innovatively proposed a very simple method of activating peanut meal by directly physically grinding the activator with the peanut meal and then annealing it to convert it into nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous carbon (N-PC) with rich nanoscale pore size structures, which is then used as the Se host for Li–Se batteries. The N-PC shows a high specific surface area of 938.872 m2 g−1. The Se/N-PC composite cathode delivers a specific capacity of 461.4 mA h g−1 for 250 cycles at 0.2 C, corresponding to a high-capacity retention of 97.2%. Moreover, the Se/N-PC composite maintains a high capacity over 340.1 mA h g−1 after 1,000 cycles at a high current density of 2 C. Our work effectively resolves the hydrophobic biomass activation problem and manufactures abundant and low-cost Se host for Li–Se batteries.
New xanthine oxidase inhibitor from white mulberry (Morus alba L.) – anti-gout prospective study
Authors: Antony Suresh , Mehta Rushika J. , Packiam Soosaimanickam Maria , Balthazar Joseph Devadass , Daniel Melvin A. , Srimathi Priya Lakshminarayanan , Ayyar Manikandan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Morus sp. (mulberry) has acquired a special importance due to its phytochemical composition and its beneficial effects on human health, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and immuno-modulatory effects. The various parts of Morus sp., such as its fruits, leaves, twigs, and roots, are recognized as abundant sources of secondary metabolites, with the leaves containing significant amounts of glycosylated flavonols like quercetin and kaempferol, along with chlorogenic acid as the primary phenolic compound. Overall, it can be considered a multi utility plant and can be exploited as an alternative therapy in various ailments. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the key enzyme for high serum urate levels which is the main cause of developing gout. Under the urate lowering therapy, allopurinol and febuxostat are the main XO inhibitors used to treat gout. However, mild to severe side effects of these synthetic XO inhibitors lead to finding an effective natural alternative without having any side effects. The present study was designed to find out phytochemical analysis and antigout properties of leaves of white mulberry plant. The phytochemical analysis was performed on quantitative and qualitative basis. The qualitative basis indicated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and Anthraquinone. Biochemical regulation of extracts on anti-gout property using XO inhibition study. Microbial XO was isolated from the Bacillus pumilus to study the anti-gout effects of plant extracts qualitatively on xanthine – NBT plate. Additionally, image analysis studies revealed more clear aspects toward the inhibition studies by plant extracts. The XO activity observed varied from 2.89 to 13.80 μM of uric acid formed/min/ml of enzyme used. Ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves (EEML) showed higher XO inhibition than allopurinol. This is associated with its total polyphenol content, which ranged from 81.25 to 103.12 mg GAE/g of dried extract used, as reported in the case of EEML. The present study is the very first report of relating polyphenol content of EEML with the anti-gout property. EEML is a potential candidate for anti-gout property due to the presence of higher amounts of total polyphenol content and B. pumilus is the best source to extract microbial XO.
Macrophage‐derived insulin antagonist ImpL2 induces lipoprotein mobilization upon bacterial infection
Authors: Krejčová Gabriela , Morgantini Cecilia , Zemanová Helena , Lauschke Volker M , Kovářová Julie , Kubásek Jiří , Nedbalová Pavla , Kamps‐Hughes Nick , Moos Martin , Aouadi Myriam , Doležal Tomáš , Bajgar Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe immune response is an energy‐demanding process that must be coordinated with systemic metabolic changes redirecting nutrients from stores to the immune system. Although this interplay is fundamental for the function of the immune system, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our data show that the pro‐inflammatory polarization of Drosophila macrophages is coupled to the production of the insulin antagonist ImpL2 through the activity of the transcription factor HIF1α. ImpL2 production, reflecting nutritional demands of activated macrophages, subsequently impairs insulin signaling in the fat body, thereby triggering FOXO‐driven mobilization of lipoproteins. This metabolic adaptation is fundamental for the function of the immune system and an individual's resistance to infection. We demonstrated that analogically to Drosophila, mammalian immune‐activated macrophages produce ImpL2 homolog IGFBP7 in a HIF1α‐dependent manner and that enhanced IGFBP7 production by these cells induces mobilization of lipoproteins from hepatocytes. Hence, the production of ImpL2/IGFBP7 by macrophages represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which macrophages alleviate insulin signaling in the central metabolic organ to secure nutrients necessary for their function upon bacterial infection.
The functional significance of mitochondrial respiratory chain supercomplexes
Authors: Kohler Andreas , Barrientos Antoni , Fontanesi Flavia , Ott Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is a key energy transducer in eukaryotic cells. Four respiratory chain complexes cooperate in the transfer of electrons derived from various metabolic pathways to molecular oxygen, thereby establishing an electrochemical gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane that powers ATP synthesis. This electron transport relies on mobile electron carries that functionally connect the complexes. While the individual complexes can operate independently, they are in situ organized into large assemblies termed respiratory supercomplexes. Recent structural and functional studies have provided some answers to the question of whether the supercomplex organization confers an advantage for cellular energy conversion. However, the jury is still out, regarding the universality of these claims. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the functional significance of MRC supercomplexes, highlight experimental limitations, and suggest potential new strategies to overcome these obstacles.
CellNeighborEX: deciphering neighbor‐dependent gene expression from spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Kim Hyobin , Kumar Amit , Lövkvist Cecilia , Palma António M , Martin Patrick , Kim Junil , Bhoopathi Praveen , Trevino Jose , Fisher Paul , Madan Esha , Gogna Rajan , Won Kyoung Jae 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCells have evolved their communication methods to sense their microenvironments and send biological signals. In addition to communication using ligands and receptors, cells use diverse channels including gap junctions to communicate with their immediate neighbors. Current approaches, however, cannot effectively capture the influence of various microenvironments. Here, we propose a novel approach to investigate cell neighbor‐dependent gene expression (CellNeighborEX) in spatial transcriptomics (ST) data. To categorize cells based on their microenvironment, CellNeighborEX uses direct cell location or the mixture of transcriptome from multiple cells depending on ST technologies. For each cell type, CellNeighborEX identifies diverse gene sets associated with partnering cell types, providing further insight. We found that cells express different genes depending on their neighboring cell types in various tissues including mouse embryos, brain, and liver cancer. Those genes are associated with critical biological processes such as development or metastases. We further validated that gene expression is induced by neighboring partners via spatial visualization. The neighbor‐dependent gene expression suggests new potential genes involved in cell–cell interactions beyond what ligand‐receptor co‐expression can discover.