bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: determinants of patient satisfaction and the patient−provider relationship
Authors: Mozaffarieh Maneli , Benesch Thomas , Sacu Stefan , Krepler Katharina , Biowski Robert , Wedrich Andreas 
Published: June 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess satisfaction with photocoagulation treatment in diabetes patients and to investigate how it relates to patient‐related characteristics and patients' visual ability. Further, to observe the interaction between physician and patient and suggest ways to improve the patient−provider relationship and, thereby, treatment satisfaction. Methods:  This open longitudinal study included 123 diabetes patients undergoing first photocoagulation treatment for diabetic maculopathy or proliferative retinopathy. The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) was completed by all patients. Communication, scheduling and adherence scores were defined for each physician−patient pair. Outcome measures were: the patient's overall satisfaction with laser treatment; the patient's degree of satisfaction in relation to visual results; communication, scheduling and adherence scores, and visual acuity results. Results:  The level of satisfaction after initial photocoagulation treatment was high; 46.4% of patients with proliferative retinopathy and 53.1% with maculopathy scored 31 or higher. Although 69.5% of all patients reported that their expectations of treatment corresponded to their final 9‐month visual results, only 8.7% of these patients reported an improvement in visual acuity after 9 months. The number of unwanted actions performed by the patients during treatment were significantly related to the number of unclear instructions given by the physician (Fisher's exact test P < 0.01). Conclusions:  A high level of satisfaction was observed, despite the minimal improvements in visual acuity. Attempts to further improve patient satisfaction might focus on improved education of patients on the possible benefits of laser treatment, greater care in communicating information during treatment, additional nursing support, and additional clerical time to communicate with patients before each appointment.
Functional and anatomic outcome of scleral buckling versus primary vitrectomy in pseudophakic retinal detachment
Authors: Sharma Yog Raj , Karunanithi Sathiyan , Azad Raj Vardhan , Vohra Rajpal , Pal Nikhil , Singh Deependra Vikram , Chandra Parijat 
Published: June 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To conduct a randomized prospective clinical trial to compare primary vitrectomy without scleral buckling versus conventional scleral buckling surgery in pseudophakic primary retinal detachment (PPRD) in terms of anatomic attachment rate, functional outcome and complications. Methods:  Fifty consecutive eyes of 50 patients with PPRD were randomized into two groups, with 25 patients in each of group 1 (scleral buckling group) and group 2 (pars plana vitrectomy without buckling group) in a hospital setting and followed up at 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 6 months. Results:  A primary reattachment rate of 76% (19 retinas) was obtained in group 1, while a reattachment rate of 84% (21 retinas) was achieved in group 2. The final anatomic reattachment rate was 100% in both groups. The causes of failure in group 1 were proliferative vitreoretinopathy in five eyes and open break/missed break in one eye. The causes of failure in group 2 were missed break/open break in three eyes and proliferative vitreoretinopathy in one eye. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 2 weeks was better in group 1, while the final BCVA at end of 6 months was two lines better in group 2. The mean change in refractive error was −   1.38 D in group 1 and −   0.85 D in group 2. Conclusions:  Pars plana vitrectomy without buckling provides an effective treatment for PPRD and results in better longterm visual and anatomic outcomes than conventional scleral buckling.
Correlation between optic disc topography and retinal nerve fibre layer measurements in glaucoma
Authors: Magacho Leopoldo , Marcondes Ana M. , Costa Vital P. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To test the correlation between optic disc topography (as measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy [CSLO]) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) measurements (as measured by scanning laser polarimetry [SLP]) in glaucoma. Material and Methods:  A total of 112 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma and 88 normal individuals were enrolled in the study. All individuals underwent a thorough ophthalmic evaluation, a 24–2 full threshold Humphrey visual field, SLP with the GDx (Version 1.0.12) and CSLO with the TOPSS. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created for each individual CSLO and SLP parameter. Linear correlations between the four best parameters from each device were calculated. Finally, linear correlations between the same variables, controlled for the severity of visual field damage, were calculated. Results:  The best individual parameters in the diagnosis of glaucoma for each device were cup area, vertical cup : disc ratio, cup : disc area ratio and average cup depth for CSLO, and the Number, maximum modulation, ellipse modulation and superior nasal for SLP. Moderate to strong correlations were observed in 62% of the pairs. However, only 6% and 12% of the correlations remained moderate when we controlled for the visual field mean deviation and correct pattern standard deviation, respectively. Conclusions:  The correlation between optic disc topography and RNFL measurements in glaucoma patients is moderate and highly dependent on the level of visual field loss.
Random measurement error in visual acuity measurement in clinical settings
Authors: Leinonen Jaakko , Laakkonen Eero , Laatikainen Leila 
Published: June 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To estimate the random measurement error in visual acuity (VA) determination in the clinical environment in cataractous, pseudophakic and healthy eyes. Methods:  The VAs of patients referred for cataract surgery or consultation by ophthalmic professionals were re‐examined and the VA results for distance using projector acuity charts were compared. Refractive errors were also remeasured. A total of 99 eyes (41 cataractous, 36 pseudophakic and 22 healthy eyes) were examined. The healthy comparison group consisted of hospital staff. Only one eye of each person and eyes with Snellen VAs of 0.3–1.3 (logMAR 0.52 to − 0.11) were included. The mean time interval between the first and second examinations was 45 days. Results:  The estimated standard deviation of measurement error (SDME) of repeated VA measurements of all eyes was logMAR 0.06. Eyes with the lowest VA (0.3–0.45) had the largest variability (SDME logMAR 0.09), and eyes with VA ≥ 0.7 had the smallest (SDME logMAR 0.04). The variability may be partly explained by the line size progression in lower VAs, partly by the difference in the remeasurement of the refractive error. The difference in the average VA between examinations 1 and 2 (logMAR 0.15 versus 0.12) was considered to be of some interest because it indicates that some learning effect is possible. Conclusion:  Visual acuity results in clinical settings have a certain degree of inherent variability. In this series variability ranged from SDME logMAR 0.04 (eyes with good vision) to logMAR 0.09 (in the lower vision group) in the Snellen VA range of 0.3–1.3. Changes should be judged with caution, especially in cases of decreased VA.
Patterns of premorbid functioning in first episode psychosis: relationship to 2‐year outcome
Authors: Addington J. , Addington D. 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  To determine how different patterns of premorbid functioning relate to outcome longitudinally.Method:  Premorbid adjustment was assessed in 194 first‐episode of psychosis subjects. Positive and negative symptoms, depression, substance misuse and social and cognitive functioning were assessed over 2 years.Results:  Four patterns of premorbid adjustment: stable‐good, stable‐intermediate, poor‐deteriorating and deteriorating were identified. Relative to the stable‐good group, the deteriorating and poor‐deteriorating groups had significantly more positive symptoms at 1‐year follow‐up but not at 2‐year follow‐up and significantly more negative symptoms and significantly poorer social functioning at both 1 and 2‐years. Only verbal fluency and memory differentiated between the groups with the stable‐good group having a superior performance.Conclusion:  Those who demonstrated poor or deteriorating functioning prior to the onset of acute psychosis have a poorer outcome up to at least 2 years in terms of negative symptoms and social functioning.
Cost of care of schizophrenia: a study of Indian out‐patient attenders
Authors: Grover S. , Avasthi A. , Chakrabarti S. , Bhansali A. , Kulhara P. 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  To assess the cost of care of Indian out‐patients with schizophrenia.Method:  Cost of illness in 50 out‐patients with schizophrenia was assessed over a 6‐month period together with structured assessments of psychopathology and disability, and compared with 50 out‐patients with diabetes mellitus.Results:  Total annual costs of care of schizophrenia were US$274; these were not significantly different from diabetes mellitus. Indirect costs (63%) were higher than direct costs. Drug costs were high. The main brunt of financial burden was borne by the family. Total treatment costs in schizophrenia were significantly higher in those who were unemployed, those who visited the hospital more often, and were more severely ill and disabled.Conclusion:  Schizophrenia is an expensive illness to treat even in developing countries. Costs of care are similar to those of chronic physical illness, such as diabetes mellitus. Costs are higher in severely ill and disabled patients.
Metacognition amidst narratives of self and illness in schizophrenia: associations with neurocognition, symptoms, insight and quality of life
Authors: Lysaker P. H. , Carcione A. , Dimaggio G. , Johannesen J. K. , Nicolò G. , Procacci M. , Semerari A. 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  Impairments in laboratory tasks of metacognition appear to be associated with symptoms, functioning, and neurocognition in schizophrenia. We sought to replicate these results in a study of metacognition within personal narratives of self and illness.Method:  Narratives of 61 men with schizophrenia were rated using the Metacognition Assessment Scale and correlated with concurrent assessment of symptoms, quality of life, neurocognition and insight.Results:  Controlling for age and education, understanding of one's own mind was linked with better neurocognition across multiple domains, and lesser emotional withdrawal. Greater understanding of other's mind was linked with better verbal memory and less emotional withdrawal. Greater metacognition in the context of purposeful problem solving was associated with better verbal memory, insight and social function, and less emotional withdrawal and paranoia.Conclusion:  Deficits in metacognition within the narratives of persons with schizophrenia are linked with symptoms, quality of life, neurocognition and poorer awareness of illness.
Are sociodemographic factors and year of delivery associated with hospital admission for postpartum psychosis? A study of 500 000 first‐time mothers
Authors: Nager A. , Johansson L.‐M. , Sundquist K. 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  To examine the association between first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis and the explanatory variables age, educational level, marital status and year of delivery.Method:  All Swedish first‐time mothers (n = 502 767) were included during a 12‐year period and followed for first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios, adjusted for the explanatory variables.Results:  Older age and being a single mother implied an increased risk of first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis among first‐time mothers. Educational level was not associated with first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. During the 1990s, when a reduction in psychiatric beds occurred, first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis decreased significantly.Conclusion:  Certain sociodemographic factors are associated with first hospital admissions due to postpartum psychosis. Untreated postpartum psychosis due to fewer psychiatric beds could have hazardous effects on mothers and their children.
Guideline adherence in medication management of psychotic disorders: an observational multisite hospital study
Authors: Weinmann S. , Janssen B. , Gaebel W. 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  To evaluate guideline adherence in in‐patient medication care of psychotic disorders.Method:  A total of 508 persons with psychotic disorders were included in a naturalistic multisite hospital study. Subjects were assessed weekly on mental state, social functioning, socioeconomic factors and medication prescriptions.Results:  In total, 17% of individuals were prescribed antipsychotic dosages above the recommended value. Among those with persistent psychotic symptoms, 73% received insufficient antipsychotic drug management. About 58% of patients with depressive symptoms were not treated according to guidelines, and 53% of patients did not receive adequate management of side‐effects from antipsychotic medications. Subjects with more than six previous psychiatric hospitalizations (OR 1.80, CI: 1.05–3.08) and those with a prominent thought disorder (OR 2.28, CI: 1.23–4.23) had a higher likelihood of not being treated according to guidelines.Conclusion:  Individuals with chronic and thought‐disordered psychosis may be at a higher risk of receiving medication care not supported by guidelines.
Body weight gain induced by a newer antipsychotic agent reversed as negative symptoms improved
Authors: Koga M. , Nakayama K. 
Published: June 2005

Objective:  We describe a patient in whom improvement in negative symptoms contributed to early weight loss and subsequent long‐term improvement in weight management.Method:  Case report.Results:  A 26‐year‐old woman with schizophrenia gained 7 kg over the course of 1 year after starting treatment with olanzapine. However, as negative symptoms gradually improved with treatment, she became motivated to diet and exercise regularly. She quickly lost 9 kg and subsequently maintained optimal weight (55 kg; body mass index, 24.1 kg/m2 ).Conclusion:  Important strategies for minimizing weight gain in patients taking antipsychotic agents include improving negative symptoms of avolition and apathy, regular monitoring of body weight and potential medical consequences of overweight and obesity, and educating the patient about the importance of diet and regular exercise.
THE FORMATION OF HISTAMINE IN HERBY CHEESE DURING RIPENING
Authors: SAGUN EMRULLAH , EKICI KAMIL , DURMAZ HUSAMETTIN 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to observe the formation of histamine throughout the period of ripening in herby cheese. Herby cheese samples were made from raw milk and buried in soil where they mature in 3 months. Samples were taken on the first, seventh, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of ripening. The moistness, content pH, salt and (total aerobic mesophile bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria and yeasts and mold) changes were observed. The concentration of histamine are 2.19 mg/100 g on the first day of ripening. It gradually increased and reached 4.62 mg/100 g on the 90th day. Consequently, the histamine that was observed in herby cheese during the ripening appears to be not important for public health.
FLAVOR CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE MANDARIN CULTIVARS (SATSUMA, BODRUM, CLEMANTINE) BY USING GC/MS AND FLAVOR PROFILE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: ELMACI YESIM , ALTUG TOMRIS 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The flavor characteristics of three mandarin cultivars: Satsuma (Citrus unshi), Bodrum (Citrus deliciosa) and Clemantine (Citrus reticulata) from the Aegean region of Turkey and changes throughout storage were investigated by using GC/MS and descriptive flavor profile analysis techniques. The key aroma impact compounds were detected as limonene,γ‐terpinene, p‐cymene, myrcene, α‐pinene, β‐pinene and α‐terpinolene in all samples. Limonene andγ‐terpinene accounted for approximately 88% in all three cultivars. An off‐flavor character was developed during storage by increase of limonene and decrease of γ‐terpinene percentages. Flavor of mandarins consisted of sweet, sour, floral, lemon, orange and cellulose characters. Dimethyl anthranilate, which was found to be specific to Clemantine mandarins, contributed to the floral orange blossom character.
EVALUATION OF SWEET POTATO CULTIVARS AND HEATING METHODS FOR CONTROL OF MALTOSE PRODUCTION, VISCOSITY AND SENSORY QUALITY
Authors: RIDLEY STEPHEN C. , LIM MIANG , HEENAN SAM , BREMER PHIL 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Two varieties of sweet potato were subjected to four cooking temperature‐time combinations. A fifth treatment involved adding maltose syrup. Raw comminuted sweet potato mash and cooked sweet potato puree were evaluated for total solids, alcohol insoluble solids, commonly occurring sugars, viscosity (puree only) and for starch gelatinization temperatures. The uncooked Owairaka Red variety was higher in total solids and in alcohol insoluble solids than the Toka Toka Gold. With the exception of the cooked puree with added maltose, baking at 200C resulted in puree with the highest maltose levels. A very fast cooking procedure tended to result in puree with lower levels of maltose and high viscosity. Sensory studies revealed that the Owairaka Red variety produced puree with more viscous and adhesive mouth feel.  It  was  concluded  that  cooking  alone  could  not  be  used  to  optimize  both maltose production and viscosity.
FIBER CONTENT IN THE EDIBLE PORTION OF EIGHT MANDARIN ORANGES CULTIVARS
Authors: PÉREZ‐LÓPEZ A.J. , CARBONELL‐BARRACHINA A.A. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Eight commercial varieties of mandarin oranges grown in Spain (Nova, Ortanique, Satsuma, Marisol, Fortuna, Ellendale, Clementine and ecologic Clementine) were harvested in winter and analyzed for their fiber composition. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, 21.32 ± 0.09%, was higher than the crude fiber (CF) content, 15.42 ± 0.10%, and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, 8.59 ± 0.05%. The CF contents were in the range of 14.55–16.50%, lower than previously reported, because only the edible portion was considered in this study. The relative content of CF of the eight cultivars studied was not consistent with those of the NDF and/or ADF. Clementine had the highest values of CF, but the lowest of NDF, with intermediate values of ADF. On the other hand, the cvs. Nova and Ortanique had the lowest values of CF, but the highest values of both NDF and ADF. Therefore, the most valuable mandarin orange cultivars, according to their fiber content, were traditional and ecologic Clementine, Nova and Ortanique.
EFFECTS OF USING ROSEMARY EXTRACT AND ONION JUICE ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF SARDINE (SARDINA PILCHARDUS) MINCE
Authors: SERDAROĞLU MELTEM , FELEKOĞLU ELVAN 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) mince was treated with rosemary extract (RE – 300 ppm) and onion juice (OJ – 1 mL/100 g) then stored at −20C for 5 months. Proximate composition, thiobarbutiric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) were determined on 0 and 15 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months of storage. Fatty acid composition was also determined on 0 and 5 months of frozen storage. TBA, PV and FFA levels increased on all experimental groups due to the lipid oxidation. RE showed antioxidative effect on sardine mince during frozen storage as indicated by TBA, PV and FFA levels. Oxidation was delayed for 3 months by OJ treatment. At the end of 5 months’ storage, the TBA values in OJ treatment and control (C) treatment were out of consumable limits. After frozen storage of 5 months polyunsaturated fatty acid level decreased and saturated fatty acid level increased in the control treatment. No significant change was observed in fatty acid composition in samples of RE and OJ treatments.
Metabolic Engineering in the -omics Era: Elucidating and Modulating Regulatory Networks
Authors: Vemuri Goutham N. , Aristidou Aristos A. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYThe importance of regulatory control in metabolic processes is widely acknowledged, and several enquiries (both local and global) are being made in understanding regulation at various levels of the metabolic hierarchy. The wealth of biological information has enabled identifying the individual components (genes, proteins, and metabolites) of a biological system, and we are now in a position to understand the interactions between these components. Since phenotype is the net result of these interactions, it is immensely important to elucidate them not only for an integrated understanding of physiology, but also for practical applications of using biological systems as cell factories. We present some of the recent “-omics” approaches that have expanded our understanding of regulation at the gene, protein, and metabolite level, followed by analysis of the impact of this progress on the advancement of metabolic engineering. Although this review is by no means exhaustive, we attempt to convey our ideology that combining global information from various levels of metabolic hierarchy is absolutely essential in understanding and subsequently predicting the relationship between changes in gene expression and the resulting phenotype. The ultimate aim of this review is to provide metabolic engineers with an overview of recent advances in complementary aspects of regulation at the gene, protein, and metabolite level and those involved in fundamental research with potential hurdles in the path to implementing their discoveries in practical applications.
Cell Wall Integrity Signaling inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Levin David E. 
Published: June 2005

SUMMARYThe yeast cell wall is a highly dynamic structure that is responsible for protecting the cell from rapid changes in external osmotic potential. The wall is also critical for cell expansion during growth and morphogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the various signal transduction pathways that allow cells to monitor the state of the cell wall and respond to environmental challenges to this structure. The cell wall integrity signaling pathway controlled by the small G-protein Rho1 is principally responsible for orchestrating changes to the cell wall periodically through the cell cycle and in response to various forms of cell wall stress. This signaling pathway acts through direct control of wall biosynthetic enzymes, transcriptional regulation of cell wall-related genes, and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, additional signaling pathways interface both with the cell wall integrity signaling pathway and with the actin cytoskeleton to coordinate polarized secretion with cell wall expansion. These include Ca2+signaling, phosphatidylinositide signaling at the plasma membrane, sphingoid base signaling through the Pkh1 and -2 protein kinases, Tor kinase signaling, and pathways controlled by the Rho3, Rho4, and Cdc42 G-proteins.