bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research versus development, external knowledge, and firm innovation
Authors: Lopes‐Bento Cindy , Simeth Markus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile the positive influence of external knowledge on firm innovation is widely recognized, our understanding of the interplay between the quest for external knowledge and internally conducted research and development (R&D) remains incomplete. Previous research has identified certain conditions that shape the synergy between internal and external knowledge, such as the institutional origin of the external knowledge and the overall scale of the firm's internal R&D activities. In this study, we focus on an important but not yet considered dimension and analyze whether the returns from external knowledge sourcing are contingent upon a firm's internal involvement in basic or applied research as opposed to development. We argue that engaging in research, while supporting a firm's absorptive capacity, leads overall to lower benefits from seeking external knowledge because of knowledge crowding out and spillover effects. We test our predictions using a representative panel dataset from Spain (Panel de Innovación Tecnológica [PITEC]) and show that the benefits of external knowledge decrease for higher shares of internal research investment. This substitution effect is particularly pronounced in settings where sector‐level appropriability is limited and in nonhigh‐tech sectors. We contribute to the innovation literature by underscoring the important role of the nature of internal R&D efforts in shaping firms' capacity to benefit from external knowledge sources.
A blueprint for fortification planning and programming: Lessons learned from an analytical review of existing fortification frameworks
Authors: Darwar Roopa , Rowe Laura A. , Chadha Manpreet , Sanson‐Rosas Ana M. , Arabi Mandana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith multiple food fortification frameworks, countries can find it challenging to determine optimal methods for planning and implementing food fortification programmes to combat vitamin and mineral deficiencies, especially without additional technical support. To address this challenge, this study aimed to review existing frameworks to determine consistencies, differences, strengths, and weaknesses across the frameworks, and based on the review findings, formulate an enhanced and streamlined fortification framework. Nineteen frameworks were ultimately examined following a comprehensive literature review and key informant interviews. Generally, the reviewed frameworks amply describe motives and methods for the determination of fortification need and feasibility, industry engagement/quality assurance and quality control, and impact evaluations/surveillance. However, there was limited inclusion or discussion throughout the reviewed frameworks around harmonization of fortification with existing micronutrient interventions; fortification policy and/or strategy; enforcement, incentives, and penalties to ensure producer compliance with industry standards; and periodic fortification programme review and reassessment. The findings were used to develop a comprehensive Fortification Blueprint that aims to provide structured guidance and a library of tools and resources to fortification programme managers and key stakeholders to ensure optimal and sustainable programme design.
Post COVID‐19 condition and behavioral manifestations in Taiwanese children
Authors: Li Chia‐Jung , Yu Hong‐Ren , Kou Kuang‐Che , Chou Wen‐Jiun , Tsai Ching‐Shu , Wang Liang‐Jen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence of post COVID‐19 condition (PCC) in Taiwanese children, explored common symptoms and behavioral manifestations in children with PCC, and examined potential associations with parental stress and family functioning.MethodsA total of 116 children who had contracted COVID‐19 and their parents participated. At 1 month after the confirmed COVID‐19 infection (baseline), the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire about the post COVID‐19 symptoms, the child behavior checklist (CBCL) based on the child's situation, also the impact event scale of COVID‐19 (IES‐C) and family APGAR based on the parents' own situation. Three months after the confirmed COVID‐19 infection, parents were again asked to complete the same questionnaires as they did at baseline.ResultsResults showed that 44.8% of the children met the criteria for PCC, with the most common symptoms being sputum/nasal congestion, tiredness and decreased concentration. Children without PCC exhibited a significant decrease in CBCL scores during the 2‐month follow‐up, while no such decrease was observed in children with PCC. However, no significant correlations were found between the number of post COVID‐19 symptoms, behavioral manifestations, parental stress levels, and family functioning.ConclusionsChildren with PCC have a less favorable trajectory in improving their behavioral manifestations. Additionally, in the post‐pandemic era, post COVID‐19 symptoms in children are not necessarily correlated with parental stress and family functioning. Further research is needed to better understand the long‐term implications of PCC in children and its impact on their mental well‐being, as well as their families.
Cerebellar injury in preterm infants less than 28 weeks gestational age
Authors: Sasaki Yoshihito , Nemoto Kazuhisa , Goto Shunji , Kato Eiji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCerebellar injury is one of the perinatal complications in preterm infants. Recent studies have highlighted the effect of perinatal complications on neurological morbidity. We investigated the perinatal risk factors and morbidity for cerebellar injury in extremely premature infants.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 285 infants born between April 2009 and December 2020 at gestational age <28 weeks at our institution. The infants were divided into two groups based on magnetic resonance imaging findings: those with and without cerebellar injury. We performed a statistical analysis of the perinatal background and short‐term morbidity of the two groups.ResultsSignificant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the groups with respect to the perinatal background, especially gestational weeks, birthweight, and hemoglobin values at birth. In the short‐term morbidity, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, chronic lung disease, hydrocephalus, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and cerebellar hemorrhage. Extensive cerebellar lesions, such as cerebellar agenesis or global cerebellar hypoplasia, accounted for 11 of the 22 cases of cerebellar injury; seven of the 11 cases had severe IVH in addition to cerebellar hemorrhage.ConclusionsGestational age was significantly lower in the cerebellar injury group. The combination of severe IVH and cerebellar hemorrhage may promote cerebellar injury.
Risk of stroke the year following a delivery after using assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Magnus Maria C. , Håberg Siri E. , Rönö Kristiina , Romundstad Liv Bente , Bergh Christina , Spangmose Anne Lærke , Pinborg Anja , Gissler Mika , Wennerholm Ulla‐Britt , Opdahl Signe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies indicate that individuals who deliver after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A recent large study from the U.S. showed a higher risk of stroke during the first year after delivery.ObjectivesTo compare the risk of stroke during the first year after delivery according to the use of ART in the Nordic countries.MethodsRegistry‐based cohort study using nationwide data from Denmark (1994–2014), Finland (1990–2014), Norway (1984–2015) and Sweden (1985–2015). Data on ART conception were available from ART quality registries and/or Medical Birth Registries (MBRs). National data on stroke were available from hospital and cause‐of‐death registries. The risk of stroke during the first year after delivery was estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusting for age, calendar year of delivery, multiple births, and country.ResultsA total of 2,659,272 primiparous individuals had a registered delivery in the MBRs during the study period, and 91,466 (4%) of these gave birth after ART. We observed no overall increased risk of stroke during the first year after delivery among individuals conceiving after ART (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, 95% CI 0.77, 1.57). Similarly, there was no convincing evidence that the short‐term risk of stroke was higher within 1, 2, 3, or 6 months after delivery, with adjusted HRs ranging between 1.23 and 1.33 and confidence intervals including the null value for all time periods. A secondary analysis also including multiparous individuals (n = 3,335,478) at the start of follow‐up yielded similar findings.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of an increased short‐term risk of stroke among individuals who delivered after using ART.
The evolution and interpretation of seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies among South African blood donors from the Beta to Omicron variant‐driven waves
Authors: Vermeulen Marion , Mhlanga Laurette , Sykes Wendy , Cable Russell , Coleman Charl , Pietersen Nadia , Swanevelder Ronel , Glatt Tanya Nadia , Bingham Jeremy , van den Berg Karin , Grebe Eduard , Welte Alex 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesConfirmed COVID‐19 diagnoses underestimate the total number of infections. Blood donors can provide representative seroprevalence estimates, which can be leveraged into reasonable estimates of total infection counts and infection fatality rate (IFR).Materials and MethodsBlood donors who donated after each of three epidemic waves (Beta, Delta and first Omicron waves) were tested for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid antibodies using the Roche Elecsys anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 total immunoglobulin assay. Roche Elecsys anti‐spike antibody testing was done for the post‐Omicron sampling. Prevalence of antibodies was estimated by age, sex, race and province and compared to official case reporting. Province and age group‐specific IFRs were estimated using external excess mortality estimates.ResultsThe nationally weighted anti‐nucleocapsid seroprevalence estimates after the Beta, Delta and Omicron waves were 47% (46.2%–48.6%), 71% (68.8%–73.5%) and 87% (85.5%–88.4%), respectively. There was no variation by age and sex, but there were statistically and epidemiologically significant differences by province (except at the latest time point) and race. There was a 13‐fold higher seroprevalence than confirmed case counts at the first time point. Age‐dependent IFR roughly doubled for every 10 years of age increase over 6 decades from 0.014% in children to 6.793% in octogenarians.ConclusionDiscrepancies were found between seroprevalence and confirmed case counts. High seroprevalence rates found among Black African donors can be ascribed to historical inequities. Our IFR estimates were useful in refining previous large disagreements about the severity of the epidemic in South Africa. Blood donor‐based serosurveys provided a valuable and efficient way to provide near real‐time monitoring of the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak.
A recombinant signalling‐selective activated protein C that lacks anticoagulant activity is efficacious and safe in cutaneous wound preclinical models
Authors: Zhao Ruilong , Xue Meilang , Lin Haiyan , Smith Margaret , Liang Helena , Weiler Hartmut , Griffin John H. , Jackson Christopher J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVarious preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the robust wound healing capacity of the natural anticoagulant activated protein C (APC). A bioengineered APC variant designated 3K3A‐APC retains APC's cytoprotective cell signalling actions with <10% anticoagulant activity. This study was aimed to provide preclinical evidence that 3K3A‐APC is efficacious and safe as a wound healing agent. 3K3A‐APC, like wild‐type APC, demonstrated positive effects on proliferation of human skin cells (keratinocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts). Similarly it also increased matrix metollaproteinase‐2 activation in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Topical 3K3A‐APC treatment at 10 or 30 μg both accelerated mouse wound healing when culled on Day 11. And at 10 μg, it was superior to APC and had half the dermal wound gape compared to control. Further testing was conducted in excisional porcine wounds due to their congruence to human skin. Here, 3K3A‐APC advanced macroscopic healing in a dose‐dependent manner (100, 250 and 500 μg) when culled on Day 21. This was histologically corroborated by greater collagen maturity, suggesting more advanced remodelling. A non‐interference arm of this study found no evidence that topical 3K3A‐APC caused either any significant systemic side‐effects or any significant leakage into the circulation. However the female pigs exhibited transient and mild local reactions after treatments in week three, which did not impact healing. Overall these preclinical studies support the hypothesis that 3K3A‐APC merits future human wound studies.
CaV2.1 α1 subunit motifs that control presynaptic CaV2.1 subtype abundance are distinct from CaV2.1 preference
Authors: Li Jianing , Veeraraghavan Priyadharishini , Young Samuel M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPresynaptic voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel (CaV) subtype abundance at mammalian synapses regulates synaptic transmission in health and disease. In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), most presynaptic terminals are CaV2.1 dominant with a developmental reduction in CaV2.2 and CaV2.3 levels, and CaV2 subtype levels are altered in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling presynaptic CaV2 subtype levels are largely unsolved. Because the CaV2 α1 subunit cytoplasmic regions contain varying levels of sequence conservation, these regions are proposed to control presynaptic CaV2 subtype preference and abundance. To investigate the potential role of these regions, we expressed chimeric CaV2.1 α1 subunits containing swapped motifs with the CaV2.2 and CaV2.3 α1 subunit on a CaV2.1/CaV2.2 null background at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminals. We found that expression of CaV2.1 α1 subunit chimeras containing the CaV2.3 loop II–III region or cytoplasmic C‐terminus (CT) resulted in a large reduction of presynaptic Ca2+ currents compared to the CaV2.1 α1 subunit. However, the Ca2+ current sensitivity to the CaV2.1 blocker agatoxin‐IVA was the same between the chimeras and the CaV2.1 α1 subunit. Additionally, we found no reduction in presynaptic Ca2+ currents with CaV2.1/2.2 cytoplasmic CT chimeras. We conclude that the motifs in the CaV2.1 loop II–III and CT do not individually regulate CaV2.1 preference, although these motifs control CaV2.1 levels and the CaV2.3 CT contains motifs that negatively regulate presynaptic CaV2.3 levels. We propose that the motifs controlling presynaptic CaV2.1 preference are distinct from those regulating CaV2.1 levels and may act synergistically to impact pathways regulating CaV2.1 preference and abundance.
imageKey points
Presynaptic CaV2 subtype abundance regulates neuronal circuit properties, although the mechanisms regulating presynaptic CaV2 subtype abundance and preference remain enigmatic.
The CaV α1 subunit determines subtype and contains multiple motifs implicated in regulating presynaptic subtype abundance and preference.
The CaV2.1 α1 subunit domain II–III loop and cytoplasmic C‐terminus are positive regulators of presynaptic CaV2.1 abundance but do not regulate preference.
The CaV2.3 α1 subunit cytoplasmic C‐terminus negatively regulates presynaptic CaV2 subtype abundance but not preference, whereas the CaV2.2 α1 subunit cytoplasmic C‐terminus is not a key regulator of presynaptic CaV2 subtype abundance or preference.
The CaV2 α1 subunit motifs determining the presynaptic CaV2 preference are distinct from abundance.
Black-Fe2O3 Polyhedron-Assembled 3D Film Electrode With Enhanced Conductivity and Energy Density for Aqueous Solid-State Energy Storage
Authors: Xing Yi , Sun Xiaoyu , Chen Wentian , Ma Xiaoqing , Huang Zirui , Li Minglian , Guo Wenfeng , Fan Yuqian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The construction of advanced Fe2O3 materials with high energy density for energy storage faces challenges due to the defects of conventional widely known red-brown Fe2O3 such as poor electronic conductivity and insufficient physical/chemical stability. Unlike previous works, we successfully synthesized a novel black-Fe2O3 (B-Fe2O3) thin film electrode by adopting a simple hydrothermal strategy. Physical characterizations indicate that the as-made B-Fe2O3 product is composed of polyhedrons (mainly exhibit four to eight sides) with a micrometer grade size range. Besides, the Fe-based thin film electrode with this 3D structure has a stronger affinity and high electronic conductivity. As anode of aqueous solid-state energy storage devices, the as-synthesized B-Fe2O3 film electrode exhibits excellent volume energy density of 14.349 kWh m−3 at a power density of 1609 kW m−3, which is much higher than the best result of previous works (∼8 kWh m−3). This study may provide new insights into the development of the Fe2O3 series on developing high-efficiency Fe-based anode materials for solid-state energy storage.
Critical Review of Hydrogen Production via Seawater Electrolysis and Desalination: Evaluating Current Practices
Authors: Varras Giorgos , Chalaris Michail 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The pursuit of sustainable and clean energy solutions has led to increased interest in hydrogen as an efficient energy carrier. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art technologies for hydrogen production through seawater electrolysis and desalination, addressing the critical need for clean energy generation and sustainable water supply. It emphasizes the importance of hydrogen as a versatile and environmentally friendly energy source, as well as the significance of seawater desalination in addressing water scarcity challenges. “The analysis encompasses a comparison of the three existing commercial electrolysis technologies”: solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), alkaline electrolyzers (AE), and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Factors such as energy requirements, capital and maintenance costs, and offshore suitability are considered, facilitating an informed evaluation of the most suitable electrolysis method for seawater hydrogen production. Additionally, three desalination technologies with commercial applications are under evaluation: reverse osmosis (RO), thermal desalination, and membrane desalination. The assessment takes into account investment and operation costs, energy demand, and environmental impact, providing insights into the feasibility and sustainability of integrating hydrogen production with seawater desalination. The findings reveal the energy, economic, and environmental aspects of hydrogen production via seawater electrolysis and desalination, shedding light on the synergies and challenges involved. The study concludes by summarizing the main results, identifying research gaps, and outlining future directions for further advancements in the field. This condensed review serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in understanding the complex interplay between hydrogen production, seawater electrolysis, and desalination. It provides a perspective on energy demands, environmental impact, and investment of various technologies, enabling informed decision-making toward a more sustainable and resilient energy–water nexus. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on hydrogen production and seawater desalination, offering insights that can inform strategic planning, policy development, and technological advancements in achieving a greener and more sustainable future.
Investigation of the Mechanical Characteristics of Metal 3D Printing at Different Build Orientation and Directions
Authors: Khanafer Khalil , Park Joon Soo , Eltaggaz Abdelkrem , Aboelkassem Yasser 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, metal 3D printing technology was used to investigate the effects of build orientation angles and direction on the mechanical characteristics of 316L stainless steel produced by the Bound Metal Deposition (BMD) process. Several orientation angles (0 deg, 45 deg, and 90 deg) of the test specimens were made for both horizontal and vertical build directions. The tensile testing apparatus was used on metal 3D-printed samples to determine their mechanical characteristics, such as Young's modulus, elongation at break, and ultimate strength. Brinell hardness tester was also used to compare the hardness of 3D-printed samples to the original native material. In addition, the porosity and microstructure of the printed samples were analyzed in this study. The findings of this investigation revealed how, in comparison to the original material, the mechanical properties of the metal 3D-printed material rely on the raster orientation and build type. The experimental results demonstrate that the 3D-printed parts using the BMD process have comparable ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break compared to the original material for 0 deg orientation and horizontal build direction. The elongation at break was found to depend strongly on the build direction for 45 deg and 90 deg printing orientation. Further, Young's modulus was found to be much lower than the original material using the BMD process.
An Aerodynamic Investigation of the Last-Stage Turbine in an Upgraded Gas Turbine
Authors: Liu Yige , Pan Chengxiong , Liu Xiaohua , Yang Jun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to the lengthy certification process for newly designed turbine blades, product upgrading of industrial gas turbine units is often performed solely on compressor and combustor. Since their inlet conditions are significantly changed, the entire four-stage turbine operates far away from its original design point, leading to decreased efficiency, and increased flutter risk. This investigation first performs numerical simulations to study the flow field change of the last-stage turbine in a gas turbine before and after product upgrading. To reduce the load of the last-stage turbine without reducing the power output of the whole turbine, the enthalpy drops of turbine are reallocated to the front three stages. After modifying the blade profile based on S1 stream surface analysis, a CFD simulation is carried out on the modified three-dimensional blade passage. It is shown that the modified blade design greatly reduces the Mach number at the tip outlet of the last-stage blade, thus possibly reducing flutter risk and improving the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine. This paper also attempts to redesign the blade geometry by different radial blade stacking of both forward sweep and backward sweep. It is found that the backward-swept blade modification can effectively reduce the endwall flow loss. This work presents the improvements of the aerodynamic efficiency of last-stage through a series of improvement methods and provides a reference for future detailed optimization of this last-stage turbine.