bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarized Anisotropic Synchrotron Emission and Absorption and Its Application to Black Hole Imaging
Authors: Galishnikova Alisa , Philippov Alexander , Quataert Eliot 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Low-collisionality plasma in a magnetic field generically develops anisotropy in its distribution function with respect to the magnetic field direction. Motivated by the application to radiation from accretion flows and jets, we explore the effect of temperature anisotropy on synchrotron emission. We derive analytically and provide numerical fits for the polarized synchrotron emission and absorption coefficients for a relativistic bi-Maxwellian plasma (we do not consider Faraday conversion/rotation). Temperature anisotropy can significantly change how the synchrotron emission and absorption coefficients depend on observing angle with respect to the magnetic field. The emitted linear polarization fraction does not depend strongly on anisotropy, while the emitted circular polarization does. We apply our results to black hole imaging of Sgr A* and M87* by ray tracing a GRMHD simulation and assuming that the plasma temperature anisotropy is set by the thresholds of kinetic-scale anisotropy-driven instabilities. We find that the azimuthal asymmetry of the 230 GHz images can change by up to a factor of 3, accentuating (T
⊥ > T
∥) or counteracting (T
⊥ < T
∥) the image asymmetry produced by Doppler beaming. This can change the physical inferences from observations relative to models with an isotropic distribution function, e.g., by allowing for larger inclination between the line of sight and spin direction in Sgr A*. The observed image diameter and the size of the black hole shadow can also vary significantly due to plasma temperature anisotropy. We describe how the anisotropy of the plasma can affect future multifrequency and photon ring observations. We also calculate kinetic anisotropy-driven instabilities (mirror, whistler, and firehose) for relativistically hot plasmas.
On the Escape of Low-frequency Waves from Magnetospheres of Neutron Stars
Authors: Golbraikh Ephim , Lyubarsky Yuri 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the nonlinear decay of the fast magnetosonic (fms) into the Alfvén waves in relativistic force-free magnetohydrodynamics. The work has been motivated by models of pulsar radio emission and fast radio bursts (FRBs), in which the emission is generated in neutron star magnetospheres at conditions when not only the Larmor but also the plasma frequencies significantly exceed the radiation frequency. The decay process places limits on the source luminosity in these models. We estimated the decay rate and showed that the phase volume of Alfvén waves available for the decay of an fms wave is infinite. Therefore, the energy of fms waves could be completely transferred to the small-scale Alfvén waves not via a cascade, as in the Kolmogorov turbulence, but directly. Our results explain the anomalously low radio efficiency of the Crab pulsar and show that FRBs could not be produced well within magnetar magnetospheres.
Bridging between Type IIb and Ib Supernovae: SN IIb 2022crv with a Very Thin Hydrogen Envelope
Authors: Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Maeda Keiichi , Singh Avinash , A. J. Nayana , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Kawabata Koji S. , Taguchi Kenta , Singh Mridweeka , Chandra Poonam , Ryder Stuart D. , Dastidar Raya , Yamanaka Masayuki , Kawabata Miho , Alsaberi Rami Z. E. , Dukiya Naveen , Teja Rishabh Singh , Ailawadhi Bhavya , Dutta Anirban , Sahu D. K. , Moriya Takashi J. , Misra Kuntal , Tanaka Masaomi , Chevalier Roger , Tominaga Nozomu , Uno Kohki , Imazawa Ryo , Hamada Taisei , Hori Tomoya , Isogai Keisuke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of supernova (SN) SN IIb 2022crv. We show that it retained a very thin H envelope and transitioned from an SN IIb to an SN Ib; prominent Hα seen in the pre-maximum phase diminishes toward the post-maximum phase, while He i lines show increasing strength. SYNAPPS modeling of the early spectra of SN 2022crv suggests that the absorption feature at 6200 Å is explained by a substantial contribution of Hα together with Si ii, as is also supported by the velocity evolution of Hα. The light-curve evolution is consistent with the canonical stripped-envelope SN subclass but among the slowest. The light curve lacks the initial cooling phase and shows a bright main peak (peak M

V
= −17.82 ± 0.17 mag), mostly driven by radioactive decay of 56Ni. The light-curve analysis suggests a thin outer H envelope (M
env ∼ 0.05 M
⊙) and a compact progenitor (R
env ∼ 3 R
⊙). An interaction-powered synchrotron self-absorption model can reproduce the radio light curves with a mean shock velocity of 0.1c. The mass-loss rate is estimated to be in the range of (1.9−2.8) × 10−5
M
⊙ yr−1 for an assumed wind velocity of 1000 km s−1, which is on the high end in comparison with other compact SNe IIb/Ib. SN 2022crv fills a previously unoccupied parameter space of a very compact progenitor, representing a beautiful continuity between the compact and extended progenitor scenario of SNe IIb/Ib.
MHD in a Cylindrical Shearing Box. II. Intermittent Bursts and Substructures in MRI Turbulence
Authors: Suzuki Takeru K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By performing ideal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations with weak vertical magnetic fields in unstratified cylindrical shearing boxes with modified boundary treatment, we investigate MHD turbulence excited by magnetorotational instability. The cylindrical simulation exhibits extremely large temporal variation in the magnetic activity compared with the simulation in a normal Cartesian shearing box, although the time-averaged field strengths are comparable in the cylindrical and Cartesian setups. Detailed analysis of the terms describing magnetic energy evolution with “triangle diagrams” surprisingly reveals that in the cylindrical simulation the compression of toroidal magnetic field is unexpectedly as important as the winding due to differential rotation in amplifying magnetic fields and triggering intermittent magnetic bursts, which are not seen in the Cartesian simulation. The importance of the compressible amplification is also true for a cylindrical simulation with tiny curvature; the evolution of magnetic fields in the nearly Cartesian shearing box simulation is fundamentally different from that in the exact Cartesian counterpart. The radial gradient of epicyclic frequency, κ, which cannot be considered in the normal Cartesian shearing box model, is the cause of this fundamental difference. An additional consequence of the spatial variation of κ is continuous and ubiquitous formation of narrow high-density (low-density) and weak-field (strong-field) localized structures; seeds of these ring gap structures are created by the compressible effect and subsequently amplified and maintained under the marginally unstable condition regarding “viscous-type” instability.
Theory of Magnetic Switchbacks Fully Supported by Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Toth Gabor , Velli Marco , van der Holst Bart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Magnetic switchbacks are rapid high-amplitude reversals of the radial magnetic field in the solar wind that do not involve a heliospheric current sheet crossing. First seen sporadically in the 1970s in Mariner and Helios data, switchbacks were later observed by the Ulysses spacecraft beyond 1 au and have been recently discovered to be a typical component of solar wind fluctuations in the inner heliosphere by the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft. While switchbacks are now well understood to be spherically polarized Alfvén waves thanks to Parker Solar Probe observations, their formation has been an intriguing and unsolved puzzle. Here we provide a simple yet predictive theory for the formation of these magnetic reversals: the switchbacks are produced by the distortion and twisting of circularly polarized Alfvén waves by a transversely varying radial wave propagation velocity. We provide an analytic expression for the magnetic field variation, establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of switchbacks, and show that the proposed mechanism works in a realistic solar wind scenario. We also show that the theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with observations, and the high-amplitude radial oscillations are strongly correlated with the shear of the wave propagation speed. The correlation coefficient is around 0.3–0.5 for both encounter 1 and encounter 12. The probability of this being a lucky coincidence is essentially zero with p-values below 0.1%.
On the Existence of Subsonic Solitary Waves Associated with Reconnection Jets in Earth’s Magnetotail
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Varghese Steffy Sara , Verheest Frank , Kourakis Ioannis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS) has detected the signature of electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) occurring in the reconnection jet site of the Earth’s magnetotail (Liu et al.). These observations have motivated us to explore the mechanism underlying the formation of fast- and slow-mode ion-acoustic solitary waves in the magnetotail region. To this end, we have formulated a three-component magnetized plasma model consisting of nonthermal electrons and two cold ion beams streaming parallel and antiparallel to the magnetic field, respectively. In this work, we have examined the existence conditions for ion-acoustic subsonic waves in a suprathermal space plasma comprising two counterstreaming (drifting) ion beams interacting with a suprathermal electron background. An exact (nonperturbative) nonlinear technique has been adopted to examine the role of the beam velocity and the spectral index on the evolution of subsonic waves. Linear analysis reveals that subsonic waves are unstable when the beam velocity is lower than a threshold value; hence in this regime, only conventional supersonic (fast) waves are formed. On the other hand, when the beam velocity exceeds the threshold, either supersonic or subsonic waves may exist. The combined impact of the beam velocity and electron superthermality on the characteristics of subsonic solitary waves has been analyzed. Our results are shown to be in good agreement with observations of slow ESWs by the MMS spacecraft. Our findings will help to unfold the so-far unexplored dynamical characteristics of subsonic waves that may occur in the reconnection site of Earth’s magnetotail.
Séparation conjugale, clivage parental et construction identitaire de l’enfant
Authors: Andrades Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Les espaces de rencontre enfants/parents (ou erep ) sont des lieux dédiés aux rencontres d’un parent et de son ou ses enfants, dans un contexte de conflit conjugal rendant impossible l’exercice de droits de visite classiques. Ils peuvent être la scène de vécus difficiles pour les enfants concernés. Cet article propose, à travers le récit détaillé puis une lecture interprétative d’une vignette clinique concernant un enfant de 6 ans venant rencontrer son père en erep , la mise en évidence, à l’aide d’outils théoriques issus de la littérature psychanalytique, des conséquences négatives du clivage des discours parentaux sur le travail d’élaboration identitaire de l’enfant, en lien avec sa filiation. Il est également question du rôle actif que peuvent jouer les professionnels de l’espace de rencontre dans la réduction de tels clivages, défendant ainsi l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant.
Needs Assessment Survey for Stroke Care Core Competency-Based Training for Neuroscience Nurses
Authors: Kang Hana , Roh Young Sook 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Assessment of stroke care core competency for neuroscience nurses is crucial for developing training programs to improve the quality of care for patients who have a stroke. The goal of this study was to determine the priorities for competency-based training using an importance–performance analysis of stroke care core competency among neuroscience nurses.

Method:

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 154 neuroscience nurses. Differences in importance and performance scores were analyzed with paired
t
tests. The training priority was determined using the importance–performance matrix.

Results:
The overall performance score was significantly lower than the importance score. The highest priority areas of training were (a) principles of stroke care and (b) cardiovascular and respiratory effects.

Conclusion:

Competency-based continuing education is needed in implementing stroke best practices for neuroscience nurses to achieve optimal competency.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2024;55(2):63–68.]
Podzemno raztekanje vode iz ponora Tržiščice (JV Slovenija)
Authors: Kogovšek Janja , Petrič Metka 
Published: November 2023

Sledilni poskus z injiciranjem v ponor Tržiščice (JV Slovenija) je v hidroloških pogojih upadanja pretokov od srednjih do nizkih voda pokazal koncentriran odtok v smeri Tominčevega studenca ter Javornikovega in Debeljakovega izvira ob Krki pri Dvoru. Navidezne hitrosti pretakanja so bile med 2,4 in 4,6 cm/s, povrnjena količina uranina v teh izvirih pa je bila ocenjena na 2/3 injicirane količine. Navidezna hitrost pretakanja v smeri Podpeške jame, kjer se je sledilo pojavilo manj izrazito in šele po izdatnejših padavinah, ki so nastopile po dveh mesecih stalnega upadanja pretokov, je bila 0,1 cm/s. Ugotovitve skupaj z rezultati starejših sledenj kažejo na značilno odvisnost raztekanja vode iz Tržiščice od hidroloških razmer. A tracing test with injection of uranine in the sinking stream Tržiščica (SE Slovenia) was carried out at the hydrological conditions of recession from medium to low waters. Concentrated flow towards the springs Tominčev studenec, Javornikov izvir and Debeljakov izvir near the village Dvor in the Krka valley was proved. Apparent flow velocities between 2.4 and 4.6 cm/s were obtained, and the share of recovered tracer was estimated to 2/3 of the injected amount. In the Podpeška jama cave the tracer in lower concentrations was detected only after heavy rain occurred after two months of low water. The apparent flow velocity of 0.1 cm/s was calculated. Obtained results, together with the outcomes of the previous tracing tests, indicate that hydrological conditions significantly influence the underground water flow from the Tržiščica sinking stream.
Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among the Health-care Workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khot Pawan V , Patil Vishal Ganpati , Ainapur Krutika , Harshe Sneha , Karia Sagar , Sousa Avinash De , Harshe Devavrat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim:
The study was aimed at calculating the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical and health-care workers working in hospitals that catered to COVID-19 patients.

Methodology:
A total of 471 healthcare and medical personnel filled up an online socio-demographic pro forma and answered the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test where appropriate.

Results:
The sample consisted of medical personnel and nurses. Majority were married and male. The levels of anxiety and stress were reported to be higher in males while depression was reported higher in females. Being unmarried and not having children were factors that showed higher depression levels while no socio-demographic factors showed a trend with anxiety and stress.

Conclusion:
Depression, anxiety, and stress are common in medical personnel and health-care workers working in the COVID-19 pandemic. Sound mental health interventions for these workers and large studies in specific populations are needed to corroborate these findings.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision - 5th Edition: What’s Changed from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th Edition? A Detailed Review
Authors: Chakrabarty Arindam , Javadekar Archana , Chakrabarty Ashima Datey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The American Psychiatric Association published the text revision (DSM-5-TR) to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) in March 2022. This is an update to the 2013 publication of the original manual. The DSM-5-TR features the most current text updates based on the current scientific literature with the goal of increasing the accuracy and consistency with which clinicians make a psychiatric diagnosis (1). The following article details the changes that were made in the DSM5-TR.
A study of adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology of imprisoned sexual offenders at a central prison, Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Agnihotri Shruti , Ravirala Anitha , Umashankar M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Sexual offense has been defined as sexual contact with another person (including touching of the sexual organs of another) or touching of another person with one’s sexual organs without that person’s consent. Adverse childhood experiences could lead to health problems, behavioral problems, and psychosocial problems like crimes.

Aims:
The aim is to study adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology of imprisoned sexual offenders.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 48 sexual offenders from a central prison and after taking informed consent, a semi-structured intake pro forma was used, followed by that adverse childhood experiences–international questionnaire, Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview-7.0.2 were applied.

Results:
It was found that the majority of the offenders had experienced adversities in their childhood, the most common being community violence and physical abuse, emotional neglect. Half of the participants had antisocial personality disorder. A statistically significant relationship was found between adverse childhood experiences score and number of offenses committed (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the presence of adverse childhood experiences could affect physical, mental health in adulthood, and increase crimes.
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of ampulla of Vater in a young female with negative lymph nodes: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Elghareeb Manal M. S. , Ali Khadiga Mohamed , Saleh Gehad Ahmad , Halim Amal A. F. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is an extremely rare and aggressive subtype of adenocarcinoma that was first described in breast cancer. It is characterised by an inside-out growth pattern with frequent lymphatic spread. Only few cases are described in the rare ampullo-pancreatobiliary location. In this case report, the diagnosis was unexpected given the patient’s age and gender, as well as the negative nodal status. Despite the reported aggressive behaviour of this tumour, no optimal treatment strategy for IMPC in the ampulla of Vater has been established. In addition, this variant is not included in the recent WHO of the digestive system.
Comprehensive overview of biomarkers to predict response to immune checkpoint therapy in lung cancer
Authors: Jain Kriti , Mehra Deepa , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Rana Rashmi , Ganguly Surajit , Aggarwal Shyam 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Immune checkpoint (IC) therapy has brought a huge revolution in the field of lung cancer treatment over the past decade. It has also revolutionised treatment paradigm and has tremendously improved patient prognosis. IC inhibitors (ICIs) targeting Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed cell death Ligand 1 (PD1/PD-L1) have shown remarkable success and are now being used as first-line therapies in metastatic disease, adjuvant therapy following surgical resection and chemotherapy in resectable disease. Despite this remarkable success, only a subset of patients obtains complete benefit and most patients do not respond or develop progressive disease during treatment. ICIs are relatively expensive and some patients suffer from significant immune-related adverse toxicities. Hence, the identification and discovery of new predictive and prognostic immunotherapy biomarkers remains the present crucial need for patient selection, stratification and also for guiding therapeutic decisions. Currently established biomarkers such as PD-L1 determined by immunohistochemistry and tumour mutation burden determined by next-generation sequencing are non-specific and possess limitations. At present, several other biomarkers using peripheral blood, liquid biopsies along with gene expression signatures, and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are being researched globally which have demonstrated predictive potential to characterise ICIs responders. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current biomarkers, highlighting the main clinical challenges and possible novel potential biomarkers to better predict responders to ICIs.
Serum level of interleukin-6, interleukin-17A, and interferon-α in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their clinical correlation: A hospital-based case–control study from North-East India
Authors: Sharma Suresh , Sarma Paresh Kumar , Talukdar Uddip , Talukdar Ramen , Mishra Nalini , Baruah Dipankar , Sultana Rizwana , Bharali Abhijit 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Dysregulation in the homeostasis of the cytokine pool induces severity in COVID-19 disease, which may result in poor clinical outcomes in severely ill patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17A, and interferon-α (IFN-α) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its association with the disease severity and clinical outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Fifty-one hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based method. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed for the cytokines.

RESULTS:
Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than healthy control volunteers. Across severity groups, serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the severe group, whereas IFN-α was significantly higher in the mild–moderate group. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the deceased group compared to the recovered group. ROC analysis suggests that serum IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for severity and clinical outcome, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α in COVID-19 patients indicate cytokine dysregulation following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Elevated serum IL-6 was associated with disease severity and poor clinical outcome. Elevated IFN-α in mild–moderate group compared to the severe group signifies the antiviral effect of IFN-α may help in limiting disease severity in COVID-19 disease. Our data suggest that IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for disease severity and clinical outcome, respectively.