bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in the design of performance management systems: a quasi‐experimental field study
Authors: Kleingeld Ad , Van Tuijl Harrie , Algera Jen A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn the literature on the relationship between participation in decision making and performance, a tell‐and‐sell strategy is considered a viable alternative to participation. In contrast, we argue that in organizational settings, when a sensitive and important issue is at stake, participation of a form to be characterized as formal, long term, direct, and with a high degree of participant influence is more effective than a tell‐and‐sell strategy. Using a quasi‐experimental design with a participation, a tell‐and‐sell, and a control condition, a ProMES performance management system was implemented in the field service department of a Dutch supplier of photocopiers. Outcome feedback to individual technicians resulted in an average performance increase in the participation condition that was significantly higher than the increase found in the tell‐and‐sell condition. Satisfaction with the program, and the perceived usefulness of the feedback, were significantly higher in the participation condition. In both experimental conditions, the performance increase was significant compared to the control condition. An explanation for these findings is discussed, as are implications for theory and practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Job and industry fit: the effects of age and gender matches on career progress outcomes
Authors: Goldberg Caren B. , Finkelstein Lisa M. , Perry Elissa L. , Konrad Alison M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractUsing a sample of 232 MBA alumni, we tested the impact of respondent age, gender, and their interaction on career progress outcomes (managerial level, number of promotions, and salary) and whether age‐ and gender‐type of contexts moderated these relationships. Women's salaries did not increase much with age, whereas men's salaries showed a marked increase with age. We also found a gender × job gender‐type effect on salary, such that women earned somewhat higher salaries in masculine‐typed jobs, while men earned considerably higher salaries in feminine‐typed jobs. In addition, we observed a three‐way interaction between gender, age, and age‐type of industry indicating that younger men received more promotions in old‐typed industries, while younger women received more promotions in young‐typed ones. Results are discussed in light of cognitive matching approaches and status characteristics theory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of N2 fixation and annual N benefit from N2 fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation
Authors: Singh Muneshwar , Kundu Samaresh , Biswas Ashis K. , Saha Jayanta K. , Tripathi Awadhesh K. , Acharya Chuni L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA computational exercise was undertaken to quantify the percent N derived from atmosphere %Ndfa) in soybean and consequent N benefit from biological N2‐fixation process annually accrued to the soil by the soybean crop using average annual N‐input/‐output balance sheet from a 7 yr old soybean‐wheat continuous rotational experiment on a Typic Haplustert. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments comprised of combinations of four annual rates of farmyard manure (FYM ≅ 0, 4, 8, and 16 t ha–1) and four annual rates of fertilizer N (≅ 0, 72.5, 145, and 230 kg N ha–1) applications. The estimated N contributed through residual biomass of soybean (RBNS) consisting of leaf fall, root, nodules, and rhizodeposition varied in the ranges of 7.02–16.94, 11.65–28.83, 3.31–8.91, and 11.3–23.8 kg N ha–1 yr–1, respectively. A linear relationship was observed between RBNS and harvested biomass N (HBNS) of soybean in the form of RBNS = 0.461 × HBNS – 20.67 (r = 0.989, P < 0.01), indicating that for each 100 kg N assimilated by the harvested biomass of soybean, 25.4 kg N was added to the soil through residual biomass. The Ndfa values ranged between 13% and 81% depending upon the annual rates of application of fertilizer N and FYM. As per the main effects, the %Ndfa declined from 76.4 to 26.0 with the increase in annual fertilizer‐N application from 0 to 230 kg N ha–1, whereas %Ndfa increased from 40.8 to 65.8 with the increase in FYM rates from 0 to 16 t ha–1, respectively. The N benefit from biological N2 fixation accrued to the soil through residual biomass of soybean ranged from 7.6 to 53.7 kg N ha–1 yr–1. The treatments having %Ndfa values higher than 78 showed considerable annual contribution of N from N2 fixation to the soil which were sufficient enough to offset the quantity of N removed from the soil (i.e., native soil N / FYM‐N / fertilizer‐N) with harvested biomass of soybean.
Effect of post‐methanation effluent on soil physical properties under a soybean‐wheat system in a Vertisol
Authors: Hati Kuntal M. , Biswas Ashis K. , Bandyopadhyay Kalikinkar , Misra Arun K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPost‐methanation effluent (PME) generated through bio‐methanation of distillery effluent, a foul‐smelling, dark colored by‐product of distillery industries, is applied to arable land in some areas near the vicinity of the distillery industries as an amendment. The PME contains considerable amount of organic matter and salt besides its high plant‐nutrient content. The present investigation was conducted for three years during 1999–2002 on soybean‐wheat cropping sequence to evaluate the effect of graded levels of post‐methanation effluent (PME) on soil physical properties and crop productivity in a deep Vertisol of central India. Six application doses of PME viz. S2.5+W0: 2.5 cm PME applied to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, S2.5+W1.25: 2.5 cm PME to soybean and 1.25 cm to wheat, S5.0+W0: 5 cm PME to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, S5.0+W2.5: 5.0 cm PME to soybean and 2.5 cm to wheat, S10.0+W0: 10 cm PME to soybean and wheat on residual nutrition, and S10.0+W5.0: 10.0 cm PME to soybean and 5.0 cm to wheat, were compared with 100% recommended NPK+FYM ≅ 4 Mg ha–1 and control (no fertilizer, manure or PME). The application of PME increased the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity of the soil compared to control and 100% NPK+FYM treatment. The organic C content was maximum in S10.0+W5.0 (11.2 g kg–1) and minimum in control (5.2 g kg–1). Electrical conductivity increased from 0.47 dS m–1 in control to 1.58 dS m–1 in highest dose of PME (S10.0+W5.0). The PME treatments have not affected the soil pH. The application of PME showed a significant improvement in the physical properties of the soil. The mean weight diameter (MWD), percent water‐stable aggregation (% WSA), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and water retention (WR) at 0.033 MPa suction were significantly (P < 0.05) more while bulk density (BD) and penetration resistance was significantly less in PME‐treated plots than that of control. The MWD showed a linear and positive relationship (r = 0.89**) with the soil organic C. Soybean recorded significantly higher seed yield at all PME treatments than control. Highest average soybean yield (2.39 Mg ha–1) was recorded in S10.0+W0 but yield decreased significantly in S10.0+W5.0 (2.08 Mg ha–1). In wheat, all the PME‐treated plots except S2.5+W0 yielded significantly higher than control while the 100% NPK+FYM treatment yielded (3.46 Mg ha–1) at par with the S10.0+W5.0 (4.0 Mg ha–1) and S5.0+W2.5 (3.66 Mg ha–1). Fresh application of PME to wheat resulted in significant improvement in grain yield over that grown on residual fertility. Thus, application of PME to arable land, as an amendment, could be considered as a viable option for the safe disposal of this industrial waste.
Entwicklung, Eigenschaften und Klassifikation von Dünenböden der Ostfriesischen Inseln – am Beispiel Spiekeroogs
Authors: Giani Luise , Buhmann Sonja 
Published: September 2004

AbstractZiel dieser Arbeit war die eingehende Untersuchung und exakte bodentypologische Benennung von Dünenböden der Ostfriesischen Inseln. Innerhalb der Dünensukzession zeichnen sich auf der Grundlage der Laboranalytik die Bodenentwicklungsprozesse Humusakkumulation und ‐verlagerung, Entkalkung, Versauerung, Umladung der Bodenkolloide und Abnahme der Basensättigung ab. Ungestützt durch Labordaten war im Gelände eine leichte Verbraunung erkennbar. Bei exakter Anwendung der diagnostischen Horizonte entsprechend der deutschen Systematik fehlen die quantitativen und qualitativen Grundlagen zur Klassifikation dieser Böden als Regosole, Braunerden und Podsole. Nach der WRB‐Systematik entsprechen sie exakt den Arenosolen.
Long‐term safety, efficacy, dosing, and development of resistance with botulinum toxin type B in cervical dystonia
Authors: Berman Brian , Seeberger Lauren , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: September 2004

AbstractShort‐term studies of cervical dystonia (CD) have demonstrated botulinum toxin type B (Bot B) to be safe and efficacious at doses of 5,000 to 10,000 units, but few long‐term studies have been published and the safety and efficacy of higher doses has not been established. Additionally, there are few studies describing the development of resistance to Bot B in those with and without prior resistance to botulinum toxin type A (Bot A). We reviewed our experience with 24 patients treated with Bot B for up to 64 months. Patients were treated with Bot B for 26.2 ± 20.4 months (range, 3–64 months) with a mean treatment dose of 14,828 ± 6,824 units (range, 2,500–28,000 units). At last follow‐up, 12 patients demonstrated ongoing benefit, 8 patients had become secondarily resistant, and 4 patients were primary nonresponders possibly due to the severity and nature of their CD. Nine of the 12 continued responders and 7 of the 8 secondary nonresponders to Bot B had prior probable or definite clinical resistance to Bot A. No severe adverse events related to Bot B were seen. Treatment of patients with severe CD who continue to show a beneficial response to Bot B injections commonly requires doses of 15,000 units and rarely greater than 20,000 units. Patients may continue to respond for up to 64 months. Prior Bot A resistance may be a risk factor for the development of resistance to Bot B; nevertheless, Bot B can be a useful long‐term alternative in some Bot A‐resistant CD patients. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Etiological and therapeutical observations in a case of belly dancer's dyskinesia
Authors: Linazasoro Girutz , Van Blercom Nadège , Lasa Asier , Fernández José Manuel , Aranzábal Inés 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe report on the case of a woman with belly dancer's syndrome. This case presented two peculiarities: (1) the condition was induced by the chronic use of clebopride, and (2) abdominal dyskinesias showed a dramatic response to the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Synthesis and non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene phthalate‐co‐terephthalate)s
Authors: Lee Byeongdu , Lee Jin Won , Lee Seung Woo , Yoon Jinhwan , Ree Moonhor 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA series of poly(ethylene phthalate‐co‐terephthalate)s were synthesized by melt polycondensation of ethylene glycol (EG) with dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in various proportions. The DMT‐rich polymers were obtained with reasonably high molecular weights, whereas the DMP‐rich polymers were synthesized with relatively low molecular weights due to steric effects associated with the highly kinked DMP monomer. The compositions and thermal properties of the polymers were determined. The copolymers containing DMP in amounts of ≤ 21 mol% were crystallizable, whereas the other polymers were not. All the polymers exhibited a single glass transition temperature. Analysis of the measured glass transition temperatures and crystal melting temperatures confirmed that the DMT‐rich copolymers are random copolymers. The non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors of the DMT‐rich copolymers were investigated by calorimetry and modified Avrami analysis. The Avrami exponents n were found to range from 2.7 to 3.8, suggesting that the copolymers crystallize via a heterogeneous nucleation and spherulitic growth mechanism; that is, the incorporation of DMP units as the minor component does not change the growth mechanism of the copolymers. In addition, the activation energies of the crystallizations of the copolymers were determined; the copolymers were found to have higher activation energies than the PET homopolymer. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1682–1691, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Essential work of fracture of rubber‐modified polyamide 6 in impact
Authors: Lievana Emiliano , Bernal Celina , Frontini Patricia 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper the impact fracture behavior of two commercial, 10% and 25%, rubber‐modified polyamide 6 grades is investigated by the Essential Work of Fracture methodology, which implies the testing of a series of samples of different ligament lengths and the determination of the total fracture energy. The study is based on data obtained from specimens made either from thick injected plates or bars. Tests were carried out under Charpy and Izod configuration. Two modes of fracture were displayed by the blends: ductile fracture or mixed mode depending on rubber content, processing conditions and ligament lengths of the samples. When samples displayed completely stable crack propagation behavior and geometric similarity of load‐displacements diagrams, an essential work of fracture valuewIe, independent of specimen thickness and testing configuration, could be extrapolated. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1707–1715, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Rheological aspects of blends of metallocene‐catalyzed atactic polypropylenes with bitumen
Authors: Rojo Elena , Fernández Merche , Peña Juan José , Peña Begoña , Muñoz M. E. , Santamaría A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and oscillatory flow measurements are carried out to investigate the rheological properties of 70/30 blends of a bitumen with metallocene catalyzed atactic polypropylenes. DMTA results indicate that saturated liquid resins of the bitumen act as a plasticizer on polypropylene. The glass transition temperature of polypropylene decreases, and the pure bitumen broad relaxation disappears, which signifies that a polypropylene‐saturated resin mixture constitutes the continuous phase. Such results are not obtained when a conventional atactic polypropylene is used in the blend. Oscillatory flow measurements show a viscosity reduction of the blends with respect to pure polypropylene, beyond what could be expected from a simple additive rule, reflecting the plasticization of polypropylene. One of the blends displays a viscoplastic behavior at low frequency, which is attributed to the presence of small crystals, formed on cooling from the mixing temperature. Some viscoelastic properties related to the use of these materials as roofing membranes are analyzed. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1792–1799, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Inoue Shohei 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn erratum has been published for this article in J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem (2005) 43(4) 916.The alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide to produce polycarbonate has attracted the attention of many chemists because it is one of the most promising methodologies for the utilization of carbon dioxide as a safe, clean, and abundant raw material in synthetic chemistry. Recent development of catalysts for alternating copolymerization is based on the rational design of metal complexes, particularly complexes of transition metals with well‐defined structures. In this article, the history and recent successful examples of the alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide are described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5561–5573, 2004
On the stabilization of nonlinear discrete‐time systems with output feedback
Authors: Magni L. , De Nicolao G. , Scattolini R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper considers output‐feedback control of nonlinear discrete‐time systems using a nonlinear state‐feedback controller combined with a nonlinear observer. Under suitable assumptions, either asymptotic stability or exponential stability of the closed‐loop system are established. These results have a general validity and are essential in many advanced nonlinear control techniques, such as model predictive control of nonlinear discrete‐time systems, where many algorithms for the solution of the state‐feedback control problem have been proposed in recent years. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of ethanol infusion on the effects of 35% CO2challenge. A study in panic disorder patients and healthy volunteers
Authors: Cosci F. , De Gooyer T. , Schruers K. , Faravelli C. , Griez E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAlcohol and panic disorders co-occur at a rate that exceeds chance significantly. Early experimental work suggests that alcoholic subjects, compared to non-alcoholics, are less sensitive to sodium lactate and that alcohol intake reduces the response to a 35% CO2challenge in Panic Disorder patients. The present study documents the direct pharmacological effect of ethanol infusion on CO2induced panic.MethodsAccording to a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over design 10 drug free panic disorder patients and 16 healthy volunteers underwent a 35% CO2challenge after intravenous infusion of a moderate dose of ethanol on one test day and of placebo on another test day.ResultsCompared to the placebo condition, the effect of the CO2challenge was significantly smaller after ethanol infusion (P= 0.041).DiscussionA moderate dose of ethanol decreased the response to a 35% CO2without inducing pre challenge sedation.ConclusionThe results comfort earlier findings of a direct pharmacological effect of ethanol on panic.
The validity of using self-reports to assess emotion regulation abilities in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Berthoz Sylvie , Hill Elisabeth L. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurposeThe current paper focused on the validity of using self-reports to assess emotion regulation abilities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To assess this we sought responses to two alexithymia self-reports and a depression self-report at two time points from adults with and without ASD.Materials and methodsAn initial sample of 27 adults with ASD and 35 normal adults completed the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), the Bermond and Vorst alexithymia questionnaire-form B (BVAQ-B), and the Beck depression inventory (BDI), at test time 1. Of these individuals, 19 ASD and 29 controls participated again after a period ranging from 4 to 12 months.ResultsASD participants were able to report about their own emotions using self-reports. BVAQ-B showed reasonable convergent validity and test–retest reliability in both groups. Scores on both alexithymia scales were stable across the two participant groups. However, results revealed that although the TAS-20 total score discriminated between the two groups at both time points, the BVAQ-B total score did not. Moreover, the TAS-20 showed stronger test–retest reliability than the BVAQ-B.ConclusionASD participants appeared more depressed and more alexithymic than the controls. The use of the BVAQ-B, as an additional assessment of alexithymia, indicated that ASD patients have a specific type of alexithymia characterised by increased difficulties in the cognitive domain rather than the affective aspects of alexithymia.
A new tibial coordinate system improves the precision of anterior–posterior knee laxity measurements: A cadaveric study using Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis
Authors: Roos P. J. , Neu C. P. , Hull M. L. , Howell S. M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractRoentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) can be used to measure changes in anterior–posterior (A–P) knee laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Previous measurements of A–P knee laxity using RSA have employed a tibial coordinate system with the origin placed midway between the tips of the tibial‐eminences. However, the precision in measuring A–P knee laxity might be improved if the origin was placed on the flexion–extension axis of rotation of the knee. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a center‐of‐rotation tibial coordinate system with the origin placed midway between the centers of the posterior femoral condyles, which closely approximates the flexion–extension center‐of‐rotation of the knee, improves the precision in measuring A–P knee laxity compared to the tibial‐eminence‐based coordinate system. A–P knee laxity was measured using each coordinate system six times in three human cadaveric knees implanted with 0.8‐mm diameter tantalum markers. For each laxity measurement, the knee was placed in a custom loading apparatus and biplanar radiographs were obtained while the knee resisted a 44 N posterior shear force and 136 N anterior shear force. A–P knee laxity was determined from the change in position of the tibia, with respect to the femur, resulting from the posterior and anterior shear forces. The precision for each coordinate system was calculated as the pooled standard deviation of A–P knee laxity measurements. The precision of the center‐of‐rotation coordinate system was 0.33 mm, which was about a factor of 2 better than the 0.62mm precision of the tibial‐eminence coordinate system (p = 0.006). The 0.33mm precision with the center‐of‐rotation coordinate system suggests that an observed change of either 0.56mm (i.e. 1.7 standard deviations) or greater in A–P knee laxity over time is a real change and not due to measurement error when the new tibial coordinate system is used and other factors contributing to variability are controlled as was done in this study. Accordingly, clinicians and researchers should consider the use of this alternate tibial coordinate system when making serial measurements of A–P knee laxity using RSA because the improved precision allows for the observation of smaller differences. © 2004 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The impact of galactosaemia on quality of life—A pilot study
Authors: Lambert C. , Boneh A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSummary: Galactosaemia (galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency) is a pan‐ethnic autosomal recessive disorder of galactose metabolism, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 40–50 000. In this pilot study, we aimed to examine the impact of galactosaemia on patients' everyday emotions, schooling, work, friendships, communication, physical activities, self‐esteem and body image. We interviewed all patients with galactosaemia who attended our clinic over 2002–2003, aged 6 years and above (n = 13, age range 6–23 years) and, when possible, their parents (n = 12). The questionnaire used was based on an adaptation of the Minneapolis–Manchester QOL survey and the Australian Child Health Questionnaire. Interpersonal problems, bullying and having a hard time getting along with others, excessive anger on a regular basis, sleeping problems and problems with academic achievement, particularly with mathematics, were common. Significant differences were found between patients' and parents' perceptions, with 7/13 patients nominating the dietary restrictions and 4/7 parents nominating long‐term issues as the most distressing aspect of having galactosaemia. In addition, most patients felt they were treated differently from their siblings by their parents, yet all parents felt they treated their child with galactosaemia as their other children. We conclude that galactosaemia has a significant impact on the psychosocial aspects of patients' lives. Clinicians should be aware that parents and patients can have different perspectives of the impact of galactosaemia on quality of life.