bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11) mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization
Authors: Gaudoux F. , Boileau G. , Crine P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe distribution of the messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11) has been studied by in situ hybridization in the adult rat brain. A markedly heterogeneous distribution among various brain regions was found. A strong signal was observed in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory tubercle, the caudate putamen, the habenular, anterior pretectal, interpeduncular, red, dorso tegmental, pontine, and vestibular nuclei, the mammillary bodies, the Purkinje cells, and the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. A large number of areas such as the cortex, the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus, the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory tract, the accumbens and the arcuate nuclei, the superior and inferior colliculi, and a few regions in the thalamus at the mesencephalic level exhibited a moderate or low signal of hybridization. The majority of these regions are also known to contain the neprilysin protein. On the other hand, the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, and the central gray matter, which show a high or a moderate amount of neprilysin, did not contain any neprilysin mRNA. Comparison of the regional distribution of neprilysin mRNA with that of its translation product provides insight into neprilysin neuronal pathways in the central nervous system. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient increases in neuropeptide Y‐like immunoreactivity in dentate hilar neurons following fimbria/fornix transection
Authors: Bayer L. E. , Milner Teresa A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNeurons containing neuropeptide Y (NPY) are numerous in those hippocampal regions that receive septal and monoaminergic afferents. To assess the role of these afferents in the expression of NPY in hippocampal neurons, the number and distribution of perikarya with NPY‐like immunoreactivity (NPY‐LI) was examined quantitatively in the dentate gyrus of adult male rats following unilateral transection of the right fimbria/fornix. In unlesioned rats, immunoperoxidase labeling for the antibody to NPY was detected mostly in fibers and only a few perikarya in the dentate gyrus. Following fornix transections, the number of detectable NPY‐containing neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus ipsilateral to the lesion increased at 3 days post‐lesion (dpl), peaked at 6 and 9 dpl, then returned to basal levels at 14 dpl and 1 and 6 months post‐lesion. This elevation followed a rostral to caudal gradient. No apparent changes were found in the distribution of NPY‐labeled neurons at any post‐lesion interval studied. Moreover, no significant changes at any of the post‐lesion times were found in the number or distribution of neurons with NPY‐LI in the hilus of sham lesioned (i.e., ablations of the cortex and anterior hippocampal formation sparing the fornix) rats. The observed increases in the number of hippocampal neurons containing detectable NPY suggests that the cellular levels of this peptide are dependent on pathways travelling through the fornix. The rapid and transient increases in NPY are not due exclusively to changes in cholinergic pathways but may involve changes in other pathways within the fornix or even indirect neurotrophic effects. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐4 and ‐5 as modulators of nerve growth factor synthesis/secretion in astrocytes
Authors: Awatsuji H. , Furukawa Y. , Hirota M. , Murakami Y. , Nii S. , Furukawa S. , Hayashi K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo examine the regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) gene expression with respect to neural trauma, we examined the effects of T cell‐derived lymphokines on NGF synthesis/secretion in cultured mouse astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5 significantly increased the amount of NGF secreted by astrocytes, whereas IL‐2, IL‐3, and IL‐6 had no significant effect. IL‐4 and IL‐5 produced marked increases in NGF mRNA levels in astrocytes as demonstrated by the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. The effect of IL‐4 and IL‐5 was greater in quiescent astrocytes than in growing cells. Neither increase in thymidine incorporation nor any morphological change was observed during the treatment with IL‐4 and IL‐5. The stimulatory effect of IL‐4 and IL‐5 on NGF synthesis was completely inhibited by the addition of anti‐IL‐4 monoclonal antibody and anti‐IL‐5 monoclonal antibody, respectively. The results indicate that IL‐4 and IL‐5 specifically trigger a cascade of events to regulate NGF synthesis in astrocytes, independent of cell growth. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different distributions of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAS suggest that the two glutamate decarboxylases play distinctive functional roles
Authors: Feldblum S. , Erlander M. G. , Tobin A. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo genes encode two forms of glutamate decarboxylase, GAD65 and GAD67. Because the two GADs differ in subcellular distribution and interactions with the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate, the two enzymes may play different roles in gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) production. In this study we have used in situ hybridization to compare the regional and cellular distributions of the two GAD mRNAs in rat brain. Both GAD mRNAs are abundant in olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, zona incerta, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, oculomotor nuclei, and pontine tegmental area. GAD65 mRNA is more abundant in several structures of the visual system, including the lateral geniculate nuclei, superior colliculi, and olivary pretectal nucleus, as well as in several hypothalamic and pontine nuclei. In contrast, GAD67 mRNA is more abundant in neocortex, the granular layer of olfactory bulb, lateral and medial septum, globus pallidus, inferior colliculi, and cerebellar cortex. Both GAD mRNAs are present in interneurons as well as in projection neurons, and both are present in neurons with different types of synapses, including dendrodendiritic, axosomatic, and axodendritic synapses. GAD65 mRNA predominates in the visual and the neuroendocrine systems, which are more subject to phasic changes, while GAD67 is present at relatively higher concentrations in many tonically active neurons. GAD65 and GAD67 together may provide more flexibility in the regulation of GABA synthesis than either could alone. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased PO glycoprotein gene expression in primary and transfected rat Schwann cells after treatment with axolemma‐enriched fraction
Authors: Knight R. M. , Fossom L. H. , Neuberger T. J. , Attema B. L. , Tennekoon G. , Bharucha V. , DeVries G. H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo elucidate the role of axonal plasma membrane factors in the differentiation of Schwann cells, we investigated the effect of an axolemma‐enriched fraction (AEF) isolated from myelinated CNS tissue on the expression of PO glycoprotein, the major glycoprotein in peripheral myelin, in primary rat Schwann cells (PSC) isolated from sciatic nerve, as well as in a transfected rat Schwann cell line (TSC). AEF increased PO‐mRNA levels in PSC and TSC in a concentration‐dependent manner, producing a maximal induction of nearly twofold after 48 hr of treatment. A similar induction of PO mRNA was elicited in TSC by the cAMP‐activating agents 8‐bromo‐cAMP and forskolin, which have been shown to induce myelin proteins in PSC. In addition to inducing PO mRNA, AEF and forskolin also increased the amount of PO protein in TSC, as indicated by increased PO‐immunoreactive staining. However, in TSC, axolemma caused no increase in expression of CAT linked to a PO promoter while forskolin caused a marked increase in the expression from the PO promoter. These results suggest that AEF, in contrast to forskolin, does not regulate PO‐mRNA expression at the level of transcriptional activity. These in vitro systems may be useful for the study of axolemmal factors that in‐duce Schwann cell differentiation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain of P0
Authors: Archelos J. J. , Roggenbuck K. , Scheider‐Schaulies J. , Linington C. , Toyka K. V. , Hartung H.‐P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeven monoclonal antibodies were raised against the immunoglobulin‐like extracellular domain of P0 (P0‐ED), the major protein of peripheral nervous system myelin. Mice were immunized with purified recombinant rat P0‐ED. After fusion, 7 clones (P01–P07) recognizing either recombinant, rat, mouse, or hu‐man P0‐ED were selected by ELISA and were characterized by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and a competition assay. Antibodies belonged to the lgG or lgM class, and P04–P07, reacted with PO in fresh‐frozen and paraffin‐embedded sections of human or rat peripheral nerve, but not with myelin proteins of the central nervous system of either species. Epitope specificity of the antibodies was determined by a competition enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a direct ELISA using short synthetic peptides spanning the entire extracellular domain of P0. These assays showed that P01 and P02 exhibiting the same reaction pattern in Western blot and immunohistochemistry reacted with different distant epitopes of P0. Furthermore, the monoclonal antibodies P05 and P06 recognized 2 different epitopes in close proximity within the neuritogenic extracellular sequence of P0. This panel of monoclonal antibodies, each binding to a different epitope of the extracellular domain of P0, will be useful for in vitro and in vivo studies designed to explore the role of PO during myelination and in demyelinating dis‐eases of the peripheral nervous system. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infusion of iron into the rat substantia nigra: Nigral pathology and dose‐dependent loss of striatal dopaminergic markers
Authors: Sengstock G. J. , Olanow C. W. , Menzies R. A. , Dunn A. J. , Arendash G. W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIron has recently been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) because of the finding of increased iron levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) above those of control patients. Iron is capable of catalyzing numerous reactions which could lead to free radical formation and oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, lipid membranes, and other biological molecules. Neurodegeneration in the SNc of the PD brain may be a consequence of increased iron, which promotes these cytotoxic reactions. To test whether excess iron could play a causative role in the degeneration of nigral neurons, we infused 1.25–6.3 mnol of iron into the rat substantia nigra (SN) unilaterally utilizing two different infusion protocols. All infusates were isosmotic and pH‐balanced in a citrate‐bicarbonate vehicle. Animals were decapitated at either 1 or 2 months postinfusion. Striatal tissue was assayed for biogenic amines by HPLC and the remaining brainstem was processed for histological analysis. Ironstained coronal sections revealed (1) no left/right staining difference with vehicle infusion, (2) a dose‐dependent iron accumulation in the infused SN that was restricted to the zona compacta and dorsal‐most zona reticularis when the lowest iron concentration was infused, and (3) a dose‐dependent reduction in SN volume. Thionine‐stained sections revealed neuronal loss and accompanying reactive gliosis within an area that corresponded closely to that of increased iron staining. These degenerative changes were more extensive in animals infused via a side‐by side vs. a sequential protocol. Neurochemically, there was a highly significant correlation between the amount of iron infused intranigrally and magnitude of reductions in striatal DA, DOPAC, and HVA within the ipsilateral striatum. These data indicate that iron infusion into the SN can cause degenerative changes within the SN and that these changes can be restricted to the SNc region when low amounts of iron are infused. The data further support the hypothesis that iron‐induced degeneration may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vibration spectra and polymorphism of chiral compounds
Authors: Mathieu J. P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe study of the low frequency Raman and infrared spectra of tartaric derivatives and of coordination compounds of Co, Rh and Ir shows that there are definite differences between the external vibration frequencies of the racemic and the active crystalline forms. This can be used as evidence for the spontaneous splitting of a chiral compound.
A spectroscopic study of vibrations in crystalline compounds [Me(NH3)6] X2
Authors: Grzybek T. , Janik J. M. , Kulczycki A. , Pytasz G. , Janik J. A. , Ściesiński J. , Ściesińska E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractInfra‐red and Raman spectra of [Me(NH3)6]X2 crystals were measured for Me  Co, Ni and X  Cl, Br, I. BF4, ClO4, PF6. The bands obtained were interpreted as being connected with vibrations of the [Me(NH3)6] octahedron. A far infra‐red band at ca. 80 cm−1 was interpreted as an IR active lattice mode. A lattice dynamics model based on electrostatic interactions between point ions was developed. A low frequency Raman active lattice mode was theoretically foreseen by this model.
Raman scattering in yellow and red mecury iodides
Authors: Nakashima Shinichi , Mishima Hiroaki , Mitsuishi Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe first‐order Raman spectra of layer compounds HgI2 in both red and yellow phases have been measured in the temperature region from −200°C to 150°C. A sudden change in the spectra was observed at the temperature of the phase change. Three strong Raman bands were observed in each phase. An interpretation of the spectra has been carried out on the basis of the group theoretical analysis for the layer symmetry and the crystal symmetry. The strength of the interlayer force in each phase has been estimated from the experiments.
Absolute intensity ratios of Raman lines of benzene and ethylene derivatives with 5145 Å and 3371 Å excitation
Authors: Udagawa Y. , Mikami N. , Kaya K. , Ito M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAbsolute Raman intensities of benzene and ethylene derivatives were measured in the vapour phase with 5145 Å and 3371 Å excitation. Intensity increase of benzene 992 cm−1 band, which has been frequently used as an intensity standard, was found to be much smaller than expected. The observed intensity increases of ethylene derivatives nicely agree with the theory by assuming the contributing virtual states are the lowest allowed 1π, π* state.
Brewster angle Raman scattering from transparent crystals
Authors: Dawson Peter 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCrystals of poor optical quality resist attempts to obtain polarised Raman spectra and produce high background levels of scattered radiation which make low frequency studies impossible. It is shown that the Brewster angle scattering technique, usually reserved for opaque or nearly opaque materials, can overcome these obstacles and yield spectra of acceptable signal‐to‐noise, low background radiation levels and with good polarisation data.
The selection rules and the transition moment for rotation‐vibrational transitions in axial molecules
Authors: Hegelund Flemming , Rasmussen Finn , Brodersen Svend 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe spectroscopic selection rules for infrared and Raman transition between rotation‐vibrational states of axial molecules are formulated in terms of the appropriate quantum numbers and taking into account any rotation‐vibrational interaction. On this basis, expressions for the transition moment have been derived. The effect of all the degeneracies present in the field‐free case is included in these expressions.A special treatment is given of the diagonal approximation to the rotation‐vibrational interaction problem and in this case the expressions for the transition moment can be reduced and the selection rules expressed in terms of the usual quantum numbers.
Infrared and Raman spectra of the spinel ZnGa2O4
Authors: Van Gorkom G. G. P. , Haanstra J. H. , v. d. Boom H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA study of the infrared and Raman spectra of single crystals and powders of ZnGa2O4 yields the following k = 0 phonon frequencies: 175 cm−1 (T1u), 328 cm−1 (T1u), 420 cm−1 (T1u), 570 cm−1 (T1u), 467 cm−1 (T2g), 611 cm−1 (T2g), 638 cm −1 (Eg) and 714 cm−1 (A1g).The results are compared with the frequencies of the vibronic sidebands of the Cr3+ R line emission as observed in ZnGa2O4: Cr3+. It is found that the strogest vibronics of the R lines are due to coupling of the Cr3+ electrons with the T1u modes of the ZnGa2O4 lattice, especially with the two higher frequency T1u modes.
A Raman study of H2O2 and D2O2 vapor
Authors: Giguére P. A. , Srinivasan T. K. K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman spectrum of hydrogen peroxide in the vapor phase has been measured for the first time by means of an Ar+ laser source. Three parallel bands were found at 3607 (v1), 1393.5 (v2), and 863.5 (v3) cm−1, with relative intensities of about 10:3:12. In deuterium peroxide the corresponding frequencies are 2668.5, 1028.5, and 867.0 cm−1, and the relative intensities, 20:3:12. Thus, the OO stretching frequency is appreciably lower in the free molecule than in condensed phases (880 cm−1). The shift corresponds to a bond shortening of about 0.01 Å in the latter, in agreement with X‐ray and neutron diffraction data for various crystals. The slight shift to higher frequency of the OO vibration in D2O2 is due primarily to coupling with the OD bending, as indicated by a normal coordinate analysis.
Vapour phase Raman and infrared spectra of, and vibrational assignments for sulphuryl fluoride; application of the trace scattering method for the assignment of totally symmetric vibrations
Authors: Sportouch S. , Clark R. J. H. , Gaufrès R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe Raman and infrared spectra of sulphuryl fluoride in the vapour phase have been reinvestigated. A new assignment of the a1 OSO bending vibration is proposed on the basis of accurate measurements of trace scattering in overlapping bands in the 550 cm−1 region. The band previously reported at 388 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum of the gas is shown in fact to lie at 384 cm−1 and thus to be virtually coincident with the a1 FSF bending vibration (at 384.5 cm−1 in the infrared) and it is concluded that the a2 torsion (infrared inactive) still remains undetected in the Raman spectrum.
Spectroscopic studies of Lewis acid‐base complexes. III: Vibrational frequencies, assignments and normal coordinate analyses for isotopic varieties of phosphine borane and trifluorophosphine borane
Authors: Taylor R. C. , Rudolph R. W. , Wyma R. J. , Dunning V. D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractVibrational spectra of the two Lewis complexes, phosphine borane, PH3BH3, and trifluoro‐phosphine borane, PF3BH3, have been investigated for several isotopic species preserving C3v symmetry. New assignments are proposed and substantiated by normal coordinate analyses formulated in the compliance constant basis.
Excitation of the coherent optical phonons of Eg‐type in calcite by means of the active spectroscopy method
Authors: Akhmanov S. A. , Koroteev N. I. , Kholodnykh A. I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe results of an experimental investigation of the twofold degenerate vibrations in calcite (Eg‐type; phonon frequency ΩE/2πc = 721 cm−1) by means of active spectroscopy method, including a new modification of this method are reported. Beating of a biharmonic pump consisting of Nd: YAG laser radiation and tunable (narrow band or broad band) radiation from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was used to excite coherent optical phonons above the thermal level. Scattering of the second harmonic of Nd: YAG was used to detect these coherent vibrations. The components of the Raman scattering tensor for Eg phonons and the absolute sign of χ the component of the nonresonant cubic electronic susceptibility were measured.
Excitation wavelength dependence of the polarized Raman spectrum of p‐dichlorobenzene single crystal
Authors: Urabe Tetsuo , Ito Mitsuo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe excitation wavelength dependence of the polarized Raman spectrum of p‐dichlorobenzene single crystal has been measured. The Raman lines of the CC stretching vibration v2(ag) and the ring breathing vibration v4(ag) were found to show great intensity enhancements in the tensor component (aa) when the exciting light was shifted to shorter wavelength. With the assumption of the oriented gas model, the intermediate electronic states contributing to the Raman intensities were determined to be the 1B3u states of the molecule. The Raman lines of v2(ag) and v4(ag) were correlated, from the excitation wavelength dependence of the solution spectrum, to the 1B3u states corresponding to the 1B1u and 1E1u states of benzene, respectively. These correlations are explained in terms of the geometrical structures of the molecule in the electronic excited states.
Raman gain in liquid‐core fibers
Authors: Görner H. , Maier M. , Kaiser W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe frequency dependence of the gain factor of stimulated Raman scattering was measured using tunable dye lasers as signal and pump light sources. In CCl4 and C2Cl4 peak gain factors of 1.3 × 10−9 cm/W and 1.7 × 10−9cm/W were obtained for the major Raman lines with a frequency shift of ν0 = 458 cm−1 and 447 cm−1, respectively. From the experimental gain factor a threshold power of 0.2 W was estimated for a liquid‐core fiber filled with C2Cl4 (diameter 10 μm and length 1 km).
Matrix Raman spectra of the molecular halogens: Resonance Raman spectra of isolated and aggregated I2
Authors: Howard Wilmont F. , Andrews Lester 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIodine vapor was suspended in Ar, Kr, Xe and N2 matrices at 16K using several dilutions (Ar/I2=400/1, 1000/1, 2500/1) and the Raman spectra were studied using krypton and argon plasma exciting lines. Two progressions were observed in the Ar/I2=400 samples: a weak one beginning at 212±1 cm−1, which has the gas‐phase I2 spacing, and extending out to 11ν using 5145 Å excitation, and a very strong series beginning at 180 ± 1 cm−1 and extending out to 11ν with vibrational intervals near solid I2 values. The two progressions exhibited comparable intensities in the Ar/I2=1000 experiment. In the Ar/I2=2500 experiments, the gas‐phase‐like series was intense and the 180 cm−1 interval spectrum was absent. The very strong I2 fundamental and regular overtone progressions increased in length and in intensity as the exciting wavelength decreased 6471 to 5145 Å, reaching the absorption band maximum, and then decreased in length and intensity using 4880 and 4579 Å excitation. These observations are characteristic of resonance Raman spectra.
The vibrational spectra of 3,3‐difluoroxetane
Authors: Harris W. C. , Lopata A. D. , Durig J. R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRaman spectra of 3, 3‐difluoroxetane have been recorded from 50 to 3500 cm−1 in all three physical states. In addition, the infrared spectra of gaseous and solid 3,3‐difluoroxetane have been measured between 200 and 3500 cm−1. A vibrational assignment is presented in terms of the C2ν point group which is based upon the observed band contours, depolarization ratios, group frequency correlations and relative band intensities. Although transitions associated with the ring‐puckering mode of 3,3‐difluoroxetane were not directly observed, a weak absorption at 1228 cm−1 has been assigned to a combination band involving the out‐of‐plane skeletal bending and a CH2 wagging mode. With this assignment, the 1 ← 0 transition of ν24 is estimated to be centered near 69 cm−1. The data reported herein will be compared with other studies on similar ring systems.