bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anion Effects on the Formation of Cross-Linked Argentophilic Interaction. Synthesis and Structural Properties of AgX Bearing Bis(3-pyridyl)dimethylsilane (X− = CF3SO3−, PF6−, and NO3−)
Authors: Park Byung Il , Lee Jung Woon , Lee Young-A , Hong Jongki , Jung Ok-Sang 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Anion effects on the formation of a cross-linked Ag–Ag interaction in the molecular construction of a series of AgX complexes with bis(3-pyridyl)dimethylsilane (L) (X− = CF3SO3−, PF6−, and NO3−) have been carried out. The slow diffusion of an organic solution of L into an aqueous solution of AgX afforded [Ag(L)]X or [Ag(X)(L)]. Each L connected two Ag(I) ions (Ag–N = 2.110(5)–2.161(4) Å) to form a wave strand. For CF3SO3− and PF6− anions, each single strand cross-linked the adjacent single strands via an argentophilic interaction (Ag–Ag = 3.0551(7) Å for CF3SO3−, 3.279(1) Å for PF6−) to produce unique 2D sheets. In contrast, for the NO3− anion, the anion acts as a ligand (Ag–O3N = 2.61–2.79 Å) instead of the argentophilic interaction (Ag···Ag = 3.351(1) Å). That is, a small coordinating anion is an obstacle to form the argentophilic interaction, whereas a big noncoordinating anion favors the argentophilic interaction in the present molecular construction. For all complexes, the geometry around the Ag(I) ion is a typical T-shaped arrangement. The thermal stability can be explained in terms of the structural properties, including the argentophilic interaction.
Selective and Monofunctional Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate Binding by Chloro[3-(2,3-diaminopropionylamino)propionic acid](dimethyl sulfoxide)platinum(II) Complex
Authors: Takashima Hiroshi , Hirai Chiharu , Tsukahara Keiichi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A new complex of chloro[3-(2,3-diaminopropionylamino)propionic acid](dimethyl sulfoxide)platinum(II) ([PtCl(dmso)(Hdapap)]CF3CO2·2H2O) was synthesized and characterized. Among a series of nucleic acids, the selective and 1:1 binding between [PtCl(dapap)(dmso)] and a guanosine 5′-monophosphate ion (Hgmp−) in an aqueous solution at pH 4.0 (20 mmol dm−3, each) was achieved by conducting ESI-MS and NMR experiments. This reaction included the initial chloride ion displacement by H2O, followed by metal coordination to the N7-position of the guanine base. The latter step was not affected in the case of guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ion (cgmp−), indicating that the phosphate–Pt binding can be ruled out in this system. In order to monitor the binding reaction of [PtCl(dapap)(dmso)] with several nucleic acids, time-course 1H and 31P NMR experiments were performed at 25 °C. Changes in the NMR chemical shifts of H8, H1′, and phosphate signals in Hgmp− upon the addition of [PtCl(dapap)(dmso)] revealed that two products finally remained. Since the synthetic dapap ligand could regulate the reactivity of a ligand coordinated to the Pt-center in [PtCl(dapap)(dmso)], this may arise from the presence of cis- and trans-isomers of [PtCl(dapap)(dmso)] in solution.
Calix[4]arene Derivatives: Efficient Ionophores for Silver(I) Ion Sensors
Authors: Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Kaur Inderpreet , Kaur Ravneet , Bhalla Vandana , Kumar Manoj 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Calix[4]arene derivatives with four imine units at the upper rim and different spacers between two calixarenes were employed as highly promising lipophilic neutral carriers to prepare a series of silver-selective electrodes. These calix[4]arenes possess a flexible conformation for rapid ion-exchange across the PVC membrane to provide good response for silver ions. The prepared silver ion-selective electrodes exhibited near-Nernstian responses for silver ions over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10−1–1.0 × 10−5 M with a very low detection limit of ∼10−6 M. The potentiometric responses were independent of the pH of the test solution over wide acidic pH range. The effect of various plasticizers on the electrode characteristics was also examined, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate proved to be the most suitable, since it provided the best slope and other electrode characteristics. High selectivity for Ag+ over Hg2+, Na+, and many other cations was found. The high selectivity for silver ions is mainly attributed to host–guest interactions that occur between the silver and appended groups of calix[4]arene derivatives. The electrodes were used as indicator electrodes in potentiometric titration involving silver ion, and provided a simple method for the determination of Ag+ and Cl− in water samples.
Preparation of Rhodium Pentasulfido(2−) Complexes with Hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borato Coligand
Authors: Nagao Shoken , Saito Nobuyuki , Kojima Aiko , Seino Hidetake , Mizobe Yasushi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Treatment of [Tp*Rh(coe)(MeCN)] (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate; coe = cyclooctene) with S8 in MeCN afforded a complex with a chelating pentasulfido(2−) ligand [Tp*Rh(S5)(MeCN)], which was converted further to [Tp*Rh(S5)(CNXy)] (3; Xy = 2,6-Me2C6H3) by the reaction with XyNC. An X-ray analysis was carried out for 3, which disclosed a chair conformation for the RhS5 ring.
Asymmetric PCR Using the Primers Anchored on the Surface of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Hebai , Zhou Haiqing , Wang Youbao , Yang Zhongnan , Wang Chen 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Asymmetric PCR is generally used to produce ssDNA, which could function as probes for detecting various kinds of genes. An asymmetric PCR technique based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been developed in this work. One of the two amplification primers was bound to the MNP surface by modifying its 5′-end and leaving the 3′-end available for DNA polymerase activity, while the other was unbound. The results obtained showed that PCR could proceed successfully when the concentration ratio of the unbound primer to the MNP-bound primer was from 1:100 to 1:10. Plenty of target ssDNA connected with MNPs (MNP–ssDNA complexes) along with some dsDNA with one strand connected to MNPs could be generated. In virtue of their immobilization on the MNP surface, asymmetric PCR products could be easily isolated by the external magnetic field. This new surface asymmetric amplification process can be used not only to produce MNP–ssDNA complexes, but also to provide an alternative route to isolate products of asymmetry PCR.
Electrooxidation of Alcohols in an N-Oxyl-Immobilized Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)/Water Disperse System
Authors: Tanaka Hideo , Kubota Jun , Miyahara Seiji , Kuroboshi Manabu 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
The electrooxidation of alcohols in a disperse system with N-oxyl-immobilized polymer particles (PE-co-AA-N-Oxyl), prepared from poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PE-co-AA-CO2H), as a disperse phase and an aqueous saturated NaHCO3 containing 20 wt % NaBr as a disperse medium was successfully performed in a simple beaker-type undivided cell under constant-current conditions. The electrooxidation of alcohols proceeded in a similar manner by the use of PE-co-AA-CO2H as a disperse phase, though the current efficiency decreased in some extent. Protection of most of the carboxylic acid moieties on the surface of PE-co-AA-CO2H by esterification or amidation resulted in significant decrease of the product yields, suggesting that the carboxylic acid moieties on the surface of PE-co-AA-CO2H would also act as a mediator for the electrooxidation of alcohols. Both the recovered PE-co-AA-N-Oxyl and the aqueous solution were used repeatedly for the electrooxidation of alcohols, thereby offering a formally closed system for the electrooxidation of alcohols.
Specific Permeation of Hydrophobic Solutes across a Hydrophobic Polymer Membrane
Authors: Igawa Manabu , Okuma Hironobu , Matsumoto Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
A hydrophobic solute, thymol, was separated from a hydrophilic solute, glucose, with a separation factor of over 230 across a hydrophobic FEP membrane. Hydrophobic solutes are highly partitioned to the membrane, diffused, and back-extracted to the alkaline receiving phase solution by their dissociation, while hydrophilic solutes are rejected by the membrane.
Australian women's needs and preferences for information about human papillomavirus in cervical screening
Authors: McCaffery Kirsten , Irwig Les 
Published: August 2005

Objective: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer and developments in medical technology to prevent cervical cancer has changed information needs for women participating in cervical screening. Design: Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted with 19 women diagnosed with HPV infection on their Pap smear following routine cervical screening. Setting: Family planning clinics, general practice and specialist gynaecologist practices in Sydney and the surrounding area, Australia. Main outcome measures: Women's information needs, preferences and experiences of HPV diagnosis. Results: Women wanted further information on different HPV viral types, transmission, implications for sexual partners, prevalence, latency and regression of HPV, their management options and the implications of infection for cancer risk and fertility. Uncertainty about the key aspects of HPV, the style in which the clinician communicated the result and the mode of delivering the result (letter, telephone or consultation) influenced women's psychological response to the diagnosis of HPV. The delivery of results by letter alone was linked to considerable anxiety among the women interviewed. Women's experience of searching the Internet for further information about HPV was reported as difficult, anxiety provoking and contributing to the stigma of the infection because information was often located in the context of other sexually transmitted infections, with multiple sexual partners highlighted as a risk factor for infection. Conclusion: Women participating in cervical screening need high-quality information about HPV and its role in cervical cancer prior to screening rather than afterwards, when they face an abnormal result. The clinician potentially plays an important role in moderating the effects of diagnosis through the manner and mode in which an HPV diagnosis is delivered. Revision of cervical screening policy and practice in light of the changes in the understanding of HPV is recommended.
Graphical presentation of distributions of risk in screening
Authors: Morris J K , Wald N J 
Published: August 2005

Objective: The screening performance of tests involving multiple markers is usually presented visually as two Gaussian relative frequency distributions of risk, one curve relating to affected and the other to unaffected individuals. If the distribution of the underlying screening markers is approximately Gaussian, risk estimates based on the same markers will usually also be approximately Gaussian. However, this approximation sometimes fails. Here we examine the circumstances when this occurs. Setting: A theoretical statistical analysis. Methods: Hypothetical log Gaussian relative distributions of affected and unaffected individuals were generated for three antenatal screening markers for Down's syndrome. Log likelihood ratios were calculated for each marker value and plots of the relative frequency distributions were compared with plots of Gaussian distributions based on the means and standard deviations of these log likelihood ratios. Results: When the standard deviations of the distributions of a perfectly Gaussian screening marker are similar in affected and unaffected individuals, the distributions of risk estimates are also approximately Gaussian. If the standard deviations differ materially, incorrectly assuming that the distributions of the risk estimates are Gaussian creates a graphical anomaly in which the distributions of risk in affected and unaffected individuals plotted on a continuous risk scale intersect in two places. This is theoretically impossible. Plotting the risk distributions empirically reveals that all individuals have an estimated risk above a specified value. For individuals with more extreme marker values, the risk estimates reverse and increase instead of continuing to decrease. Conclusion: It is useful to check whether a Gaussian approximation for the distribution of risk estimates based on a screening marker is valid. If the value of the marker level at which risk reversal occurs lies within the set truncation limits, these may need to be reset, and a Gaussian model may be inappropriate to illustrate the risk distributions.
Neonatal screening for sickle cell disorders in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: a pilot study
Authors: Kafando Eléonore , Sawadogo Mamadou , Cotton Frédéric , Vertongen Fanchon , Gulbis Béatrice 
Published: August 2005

Objectives: To determine the incidence of sickle cell disorders (SCDs) and the feasibility of a neonatal screening programme in Ouagadougou. Methods: During 2000, 2003 and 2004, 2341 cord blood samples obtained in five maternity hospitals in Ouagadougou were screened for SCDs using an isoelectric focusing technique. The feasibility of a neonatal screening programme was evaluated. Results: The incidence of SCD was 1:57; 14 neonates were homozygous for haemoglobin (Hb)S and 27 were compound heterozygotes for HbSC. Thirty-two neonates were homozygous for HbC. The incidence of the HbC trait was 1:6; incidence of the HbS trait was 1:14. A centralized laboratory for neonatal screening of SCDs was established. Conclusions: SCDs should be considered a major public health problem in Ouagadougou. A neonatal screening programme should be implemented, but to be effective it requires strategies adapted to the local situation.
Some current issues in breast cancer screening
Authors: Duffy Stephen W 
Published: August 2005

Randomized trials of mammography have demonstrated the efficacy of mammographic screening for breast cancer in terms of preventing deaths, but various issues of particular interest remain, including: • quantification of overdiagnosis; • evaluation of service screening outside the research setting; • absolute benefit in terms of number needed to screen per life saved; • which types of tumours benefit most from early detection; • use of screening data to investigate tumour biology and natural history. This paper describes examples of approaches to the above issues, along with some important results.
Evaluation of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), Lugol's iodine (VILI), cervical cytology and HPV testing as cervical screening tools in Latin America: This report refers to partial results from the LAMS (Latin AMerican Screening) study
Authors: Sarian L O , Derchain S F , Naud P , Roteli-Martins C , Longatto-Filho A , Tatti S , Branca M , Eržen M , Serpa-Hammes L , Matos J , Gontijo R C , Bragança J F , Lima T P , Maeda M Y S , Lörincz A , Dores G B , Costa S , Syrjänen S , Syrjänen K 
Published: August 2005

Objectives: To assess the performance indicators of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) in four Latin American centres participating in the ongoing Latin AMerican Screening (LAMS) study, in settings with moderate incidence of cervical disease and with poorly to moderately well-organized cervical cancer screening. Setting: Three Brazilian centres (São Paulo, Campinas and Porto Alegre) and one Argentine centre (Buenos Aires) recruited a total of 11,834 healthy women to undergo VIA, VILI, conventional Pap smear and Hybrid Capture II (HCII). Methods: Women who had a positive result from any of these tests were subjected to colposcopy and biopsies (if necessary), and women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were properly treated. To control for verification bias, 5% of women with normal tests were referred for colposcopy, as were 20% of HCII-negative women. Results: Data on VIA ( n=11,834), VILI ( n=2994), conventional Pap smear ( n=10,138) and HCII ( n=4195) were available for test comparisons, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Overall test positivity was 11.6% for VIA, 23.0% for VILI, 2.2% for Pap smear (LSIL threshold), 1.1% for Pap smear (HSIL threshold) and 17.1% for HCII. VIA was positive in 61.8% of the women with CIN 1, 57.0% of those with CIN 2, 35.0% of women with CIN 3 and in 21 of 28 (75%) of women with cancer. Approximately 10% of women with no detectable disease had an abnormal VIA. Regarding VILI, 83.3% of women diagnosed with CIN 1 and 62.5% of those with CIN 3 had an abnormal test. VILI failed to detect one of three cases of cancer. Both the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of VIA and VILI in detecting CIN 2 or CIN 3 could be significantly improved depending on the combination with Pap smear or HCII (sensitivity up to 100.0% and specificity up to 99.8%). Conclusions: The LAMS study failed to reproduce the performance figures obtained with VIA and VILI (as stand-alone tests) in some other settings, where the prevalence of cervical disease was higher. However, a combined use of VIA or VILI with the Pap test or HCII allowed specific detection of cervical abnormalities.
Research and policy: reflections on their relationship
Authors: Saunders Lesley 
Published: August 2005

English
The main argument in this article – based on a professorial lecture given in 2004 at the Institute of Education, London – is that, for evidence-informed policy making to be more than a rhetorical ploy, there need to be more and better activities and environments that are expressly designed to be conducive to sustained interaction between researchers and policy makers. After setting out arguments in favour of the ‘rationalist ideal’ which lies behind the expectation that research should aim to influence policy making in the public sector, the author discusses some particular examples to show how the ingrained differences in culture between research and policy can be overcome, or at least mitigated.
What works to promote evidence-based practice? A cross-sector review
Authors: Walter Isabel , Nutley Sandra , Davies Huw 
Published: August 2005

English
This article presents results from a systematic review of the effectiveness of different mechanisms for promoting research use across the health, social care, criminal justice and education sectors. Findings suggest that research use is enhanced by interactions between researchers and research users, and by providing a supportive context for the uptake of research or research-based practice. Strategies using multiple mechanisms to encourage research use are also often successful. More research is needed to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of other approaches or of combining specific strategies. Despite this, some key lessons emerge about effective methods for implementing evidence-based policy and practice (EBPP).
Partnerships between health and social care under ‘New Labour’: smoke without fire? A review of policy and evidence
Authors: Glendinning Caroline , Dowling Bernard , Powell Martin 
Published: August 2005

English
Since coming to power in 1997, the New Labour government has placed heavy emphasis on partnerships – between organisations, services and professionals – as the preferred means of delivering coordinated health and social care services. This article aims to provide a critical overview and synthesis of both the discourse and the practice associated with this policy imperative. First, it summarises the range of policies that have promoted health and social care partnerships since 1997. It then discusses the definitions and rationales that have been proposed for these partnerships and some of the challenges involved in evaluating their ‘success’. This is followed by a critical examination of the available evidence for the ‘success’ of recent partnerships between the health and social care sectors. The article concludes with some reflections on the evidence that partnerships constitute either an effective method of service planning and delivery or a distinctive ‘Third Way’ mode of governance in relation to these particular public sector services.
Schnelle Entfernungsmessung für Laserscanner (Fast Distance Measurement for Laser Scanning)
Authors: Wölfelschneider Harald , Blug Andreas , Baulig Claudia , Höfler Heinrich 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt das Prinzip der Entfernungsmessung mittels moduliertem Laserstrahl und Phasenmessung. Die wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren wie Rauschen, Modenstruktur des Lasers und Übersprechen sind weitgehend quantifiziert und mögliche Gegenmaßnahmen erläutert. Das realisierte Messmodul ist in der Lage, mit einer Messrate bis zu einem MHz Entfernungen im Zehn-Meter-Bereich zu messen. Ergebnisse sind anhand der Applikation Lichtraumprofilmessung gezeigt.
The occurrence of permanent thyroid failure in patients with subclinical postpartum thyroiditis
Authors: Azizi F 
Published: August 2005

Objective: The long-term effect of the subclinical form of postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) has not been well established. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of permanent hypothyroidism in a large cohort of women with PPTD.
Design and methods: Of 213 women with PPTD, 172 (81%) returned for follow-up. There were 27 (16%) with subclinical (group 1) and 145 (84%) with overt hypothyroidism (group 2). They were all treated with levothyroxine for 23 ± 16 months and followed-up for thyroid function after thyroxine (T4) withdrawal.
Results: In group 1, the time of occurrence of PPTD was longer, serum T4 was higher and TSH was lower than in group 2. After T4 withdrawal, 59 and 64% of patients became hypothyroid in groups 1 and 2 respectively; however, serum TSH was increased in group 2 as compared with group 1 (29.7 ± 8.4 vs 16.4 ± 15.4 mU/l, P < 0.002). The duration of euthyroidism, serum free T4 and triiodothyronine indices and thyroperoxidase antibodies were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: It was concluded that a high percentage of patients with the subclinical form of PPTD proceed to permanent thyroid failure. The timely recognition of mild to severe cases of PPTD is important for the improvement of life for mothers and infants.
Decreased circulating levels of active ghrelin are associated with increased oxidative stress in obese subjects
Authors: Suematsu Mina , Katsuki Akira , Sumida Yasuhiro , Gabazza Esteban C , Murashima Shuichi , Matsumoto Kazutaka , Kitagawa Nagako , Akatsuka Hajime , Hori Yasuko , Nakatani Kaname , Togashi Kenji , Yano Yutaka , Adachi Yukihiko 
Published: August 2005

Objective: To investigate the relationship between active ghrelin and oxidative stress in obese subjects.
Design: We measured the plasma levels of free 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α, a reliable and systemic marker of oxidative stress) and the active form of ghrelin in 17 obese and 17 normal subjects. The biologically active forms of ghrelin were measured using a commercially available radio-immunoassay kit and free 8-epi-PGF2α was measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit.
Results: The circulating level of active ghrelin was significantly decreased (20.4 ± 2.6 vs 40.9 ± 3.9 fmol/ml, P < 0.01) while that of 8-epi-PGF2α was significantly increased (61.5 ± 9.6 vs 17.3 ± 3.4 pg/ml, P < 0.01) in obese subjects compared with normal subjects. The plasma levels of active ghrelin and 8-epi-PGF2α were significantly correlated in obese (r = −0.507, P < 0.05) and in all (r = −0.577, P < 0.01) subjects. Multivariate analysis showed that the plasma levels of active ghrelin and 8-epi-PGF2α were significantly and independently correlated in all subjects (F = 7.888, P < 0.01).
Conclusions: There is an inverse correlation between circulating levels of active ghrelin and oxidative stress in obesity. Low circulating levels of active ghrelin may enhance oxidative stress and the process of atherosclerosis in obese subjects.