bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A science‐based mixed oxide property model for developing advanced oxide nuclear fuels
Authors: Kato Masato , Oki Takumi , Watanabe Masashi , Hirooka Shun , Vauchy Romain , Ozawa Takayuki , Uwaba Tomoyuki , Ikusawa Yoshihisa , Nakamura Hiroki , Machida Masahiko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHerein, a science‐based uranium and plutonium mixed oxide (MOX) property model is derived for determining the properties of MOX fuel and analyzing their performance as functions of Pu content, minor‐actinide content, oxygen‐to‐metal ratio, and temperature. The property model is constructed by evaluating the effect of phonons and electronic defects on the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of MOX fuels. The effect of phonons was evaluated based on experimental datasets related to lattice parameters, thermal expansion, and sound speeds. Moreover, the effect of electronic defects was determined by analyzing oxygen‐potential data based on defect chemistry. Furthermore, the model evaluated the effect of the Bredig transition on the thermal properties of MOX fuel by analyzing the irradiation test results. The derived property model is applied to the performance code to analyze fast reactor fuel pins.
Introducing dislocations in ceramics by mechanical rolling: A first demonstration using SrTiO3 crystal
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Chen Zeji , Liu Xiaowei , Li Yingwei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has long been known that dislocations can be used to tune the functional and mechanical properties of ceramics. However, introducing dislocations with controllable networks and densities into ceramics is difficult. In this study, a mechanical rolling technique was proposed to introduce dislocations into ceramics. Using a hard SiC ball with a diameter of 5 mm as a roller, plastic zones and dislocations were successfully produced in a SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal. The plastic zone area and dislocation densities were determined by the applied force (F) and number of rolling cycles. A force of 10 N produced a scalable plastic zone with an area of 140 µm × 5000 µm without crack formation after 100 rolling cycles. The dislocation density at the center of the plastic deformation zone can reach ∼1014 m2, which is an order of magnitude higher than that achieved previously by others. Increasing the applied force increased the density of the introduced dislocations, for example, ∼2 × 1014 m−2 under F = 30 and 35 N, however, lead to crack nucleation in the sample. The dislocations introduced significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the STO crystal. The measured Vickers’ hardness and fracture toughness increased by 55%–60% and 23%–24%, respectively, compared to the crystal before rolling. This method can serve as a robust technique for engineering dislocations in ceramics, fulfilling the requirements of dislocation‐tuned mechanical and functional investigations.
The function of the feeding groove of ‘typical excavate’ flagellates
Authors: Suzuki‐Tellier Sei , Kiørboe Thomas , Simpson Alastair G. B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhagotrophic flagellates are the main consumers of bacteria and picophytoplankton. Despite their ecological significance in the ‘microbial loop’, many of their predation mechanisms remain unclear. ‘Typical excavates’ bear a ventral groove, where prey is captured for ingestion. The consequences of feeding through a ‘semi‐rigid’ furrow on the prey size range have not been explored. An unidentified moving element called ‘the wave’ that sweeps along the bottom of the groove toward the site of phagocytosis has been observed in a few species; its function is unclear. We investigated the presence, behavior, and function of the wave in four species from the three excavate clades (Discoba, Metamonada, and Malawimonadida) and found it present in all studied cases, suggesting the potential homology of this feature across all three groups. The wave displayed a species‐specific behavior and was crucial for phagocytosis. The morphology of the feeding groove had an upper‐prey size limit for successful prey captures, but smaller particles were not constrained. Additionally, the ingestion efficiencies were species dependent. By jointly studying these feeding traits, we speculate on adaptations to differences in food availability to better understand their ecological functions.
Transitional care model for older adults with multiple chronic conditions: An evaluation of benefits utilising an umbrella review
Authors: Berthelsen Connie , Møller Nicoline , Bunkenborg Gitte 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo synthesise and describe the combined evidence from systematic reviews of interventions using elements from the Transitional Care Model, on the content and timeframe of the interventions and the related improvement of outcomes for older patients with multiple chronic conditions.BackgroundThe population of older patients with multiple chronic conditions is increasing worldwide and trajectories are often complicated by risk factors. The Transitional Care Model may contain elements to support transitions between hospital and home.DesignAn umbrella review.Review MethodsA comprehensive search in five electronic databases was performed in April 2021 based on the search terms: ‘Patients ≥60 years,’ ‘multi‐morbidity,’ ‘Transitional care model,’ ‘Transitional care,’ and ‘Systematic review.’ PRISMA guidelines was used.ResultsFive systematic reviews published from 2011 to 2020 comprising 62 intervention studies (59 randomised controlled trials and three quasi‐experimental trials) were included in the review. The synthesis predominantly revealed significant improvements in decreasing re‐admissions and financial costs and increasing patients' quality of life and satisfaction during discharge.ConclusionThe results of the review indicate that multiple elements from the Transitional Care Model have achieved significant improvements in older patients' transitions from hospital to home. Especially a combination of coordination, communication, collaboration and continuity of care in transitions, organised information and education for patients and pre‐arranged structured post‐discharge follow‐ups.ImpactThe transition from hospital to home is a complex process for older patients with multiple chronic conditions. A specific focus on coordination, continuity, and patient education should be implemented in the discharge process. Nurses with specialised knowledge in transitional care are needed to ensure safe transitions.Patient and Public ContributionThe umbrella review is part of a larger research program which involved a patient expert advisory board, which participated in discussing the relevance of the elements within the umbrella review.
Healthcare providers' experiences in providing sexual health care to breast cancer survivors: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Pimsen Apiradee , Lin Wen‐Hua , Lin Chung‐Ying , Kuo Yao‐Lung , Shu Bih‐Ching 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo analyse healthcare providers' (HCPs) experiences in sexual health care through the mixed‐methods systematic review (MMSR).BackgroundSexual health for breast cancer survivors (BCSs) is becoming increasingly important as survivors live longer. HCPs are critical in providing sexual health care.DesignA mixed‐methods systematic review.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and reference lists were searched from inception to 30 December 2022. Two independent reviewers extracted and analysed the data using the JBI guidelines for MMSR.ResultsAfter screening for 2849 citations, 19 studies were eligible for MMSR, involving 2068 HCPs. Most HCPs believe that sexual health care is their responsibility. However, sexual health was not adequately addressed. A lack of knowledge was the most significant barrier to providing sexual health care. Moreover, HCPs would like to acquire more knowledge and felt that current sexual healthcare training was inadequate.ConclusionsFindings suggest that HCPs did not frequently address sexual health in BCSs and that lack of knowledge was the most common barrier. Healthcare session administrators should allocate resources for sexual healthcare training that offer multiple formats, accessible content and convenience. They should also be multifaceted and proactive, meet the diverse needs of BCS at different stages and focus on effective communication.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the importance of addressing sexual health in BCSs and the need for HCPs to receive training in this area. Training should be multifaceted, proactive and meet the diverse needs of BCSs at different stages, with a focus on effective communication. By addressing this issue, HCPs will be better equipped to support the sexual health needs of BCSs, ultimately improving their overall well‐being and quality of life.PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022327018 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=327018).
Fall status and risk factors in older Chinese adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wen Peiting , Sun Lili , Cheng Lijuan , Zhou Chunxia , Wang Zhejia , Wang Zhaodi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo analyse the risk factors and incidence of falls in geriatric outpatients in a university hospital ward in Hangzhou, China.MethodsFrom May 2020 to August 2022, 1712 geriatric outpatients in a university hospital ward in Hangzhou, China, were screened using a socio‐demographic questionnaire (e.g. gender, age, living arrangement, etc.) and assessment scales. The correlation between each factor and falls was preliminarily analysed by chi‐squared tests. Finally, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to further analyse the risk factors of falls. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.ResultsOf the 1712 geriatric outpatients recruited, 1626 participants (60–79 and ≥ 80 years old) with complete questionnaire and assessment data were included. The occurrence of falls for those in the 60–79 age group was 8.4%, and for those in the ≥80 age group it was 13.4%. Age (p = .007), use of a walking assistance device (p < .001), the Stay Independent Brochure Questionnaire (SIB) (OR = 7.751, 95% CI = 5.089–11.806, p < .001), living arrangement (p = .004), timed up and go test (TUGT) (p = .007) and three diseases or above (OR = 2.496, 95% CI = 1.358–11.4.586, p = .003) reached statistical significance.ConclusionsOlder people have a high incidence of falls. In this study, age, disease history, SIB scores (≥4 points), living arrangement, TUGT and walking assistance device increased the probability of falls in older Chinese adults. Personalised interventions should be carried out according to the specific situation of older people to effectively reduce their incidence of falls and improve their quality of life.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe basic characteristics and fall risk factors of the older can help nurses identify fall risk, and early intervention by caregivers can reduce fall‐related injuries, which has practical significance for promoting healthy aging.Patient or Public ContributionThe subjects of this study were older patients ≥60 years old, and the demographic characteristics and fall‐related information of patients were obtained by questionnaire. The team worked closely with a team of experts in the field of health care. Some researchers collect data and rewrite them, while other researchers analyse the information and write a paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
A High-Speed Air and Gas Washer
Authors: Alden John L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nearly all of the recent improvements in air washers have been modifications of the standard form of spray-chamber washer. The author describes a new type of washer embodying a new combination of old principles. This has resulted in a very small washer with unusually high washing efficiency. Three of these washers have been built and the paper gives a brief description of the first and smallest of these.
Investigation of the Uses of Steam in the Canning Factory
Authors: Smallwood Julian C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The increased demand for American food products coming coincidently with a scarcity of fuel has created a condition in packing houses calling for a more exact knowledge of steam distribution and consumption than the packer has hitherto deemed necessary. Although very little is known about either the actual or necessary steam consumed in the various units of the canning factory, it is certain that large wastes are prevalent. Furthermore, the subject is timely, not only because of the necessity for economizing fuel, but because of the shortage of all classes of equipment. Many packers are called upon to increase their output by 50 to 100 per cent. This means, besides the extra special apparatus required, more boilers and power-plant units; and the question then arises how much steam is definitely needed for a given output.
This paper analyzes the different heat processes in the canning of food and points out actual and ideal steam consumptions and methods of minimizing wastes.
Moisture Reabsorption of Air-Dried Douglas Fir and Hard Pine and the Effect on the Compressive Strengths
Authors: Cowdrey Irving H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Under ordinary atmospheric conditions air-dried timber quickly reabsorbs moisture and undergoes certain changes in its characteristic properties.
In order to determine how much greater would be the response and the consequent change in properties if the timber timber introduced into a saturated atmosphere at a reasonably high temperature or if completely submerged in water, a series of investigations was conducted during the past year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on two important structural timbers — Douglas fir and southern hard pine. These tests are described in detail in the paper and the results obtained presented in the form of graphs.
While these tests were made on a limited number of small specimens and the results are confessedly comparative and qualitative rather than quantitative, the author is nevertheless of the opinion that an analysis of the data given will justify the following statements:
In the air-dry condition with approximately equal moisture contents the compressive strength of hard pine is about 25 per cent greater than that of Douglas fir.
When exposed to air saturated with water vapor at 120 deg. fahr., and when immersed in fresh water at 70 deg. fahr., the moisture reabsorption of air-dried fir is greater and more rapid than that of pine.
The temperature effect on strength decrease is of more importance on pine than on fir.
Pine shows a more rapid decrease in strength with the moisture increase than does fir. (The more rapid reabsorption by fir tends to offset this effect when the time element is used as a basis, so that for a given time of treatment the pine remains the stronger although the strengths tend to approach each other with more extended treatment.)
For moisture contents above 11 per cent when due to reabsorption from air saturated at 120 deg. fahr., the fir is stronger in compression than the pine. The same relation appears for moisture contents greater than 20 per cent when due to soaking in fresh water at 70 deg. fahr.
The Elastic Indentation of Steel Balls under Pressure
Authors: Briggs C. A. , Chapin W. C. , Heil H. G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper reports the results of experiments recently carried out at the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C., in connection with the adjustment and standardization of precision apparatus incidental to the testing of munition gages.
For the case of balls pressing against flat surfaces, which was the one considered in the experiments, the results obtained show that the indentation is not directly proportional to the pressure but to the two-thirds power of the pressure. This is of importance in the design of ball bearings as it indicates what effects are produced on the distribution of the load by slight variations in the size of the balls in a bearing.
The results are given in the form of alignment charts and in both metric and English units.
The Workman’s Home: Its Influence upon Production in the Factory and Labor Turnover
Authors: Allen Leslie H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent investigations have shown that one of the most important causes of the present abnormal labor turnover is the lack of sufficient homes for the population around industrial plants. A questionnaire, prepared and circulated by the company with which the author is connected, elicited 840 replies, from which many interesting and valuable extracts are given. From a study of these replies, the general impression is gained that the causes of the labor turnover today are improper or insufficient housing, inadequate transportation, the general restlessness usual in war times, and a lack of care in placing men in positions for which they are best fitted.
One point that an investigation of housing conditions has brought out is that the type of house in which the workingman is generally lodged is not suited to his needs and is often beyond his earning power to support. Three- and four-room apartments and four- and five-room houses are an experimental type meeting with considerable success. A certain minimum requirement must be met, which should include a good-sized living room for general use, sleeping rooms of sufficient number and size to meet health demands, and adequate plumbing facilities.
Some Economic Aspects of Fire-Protection Problems and Hazards in War Times
Authors: Pryor J. Donald , Sackett Frank V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper seeks to point out the hazards involved at the present time in the war work of five great essential classes of industry, namely:
1 Metal Workers
2 Textile Mills
3 Shipyards
4 Flour Mills and Grain Elevators
5 Piers, Wharves and Docks.
The engineering problems in connection with the adequate protection of such properties have to a large extent been solved but the necessary safeguards are lacking, due either to a failure to grasp the necessity for such safeguards or to economic conditions.
Standard automatic-sprinkler protection is the most dependable means of safeguarding these various classes of risks, but in shipyards and piers that protection alone is not enough, but must be reinforced by hydrant systems, certain structural changes and the organization and careful training of private fire brigades.
Factory Stairs and Stairways
Authors: Arnold G. L. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Considerations on the design of factory stairs containing an account of the code requirements, a résumé of the best practice and a number of suggestions in reference to the various details of construction, the selection of building materials and the manner of providing adequate illumination.
The safety of the occupants of the building, the possibility of overcrowding and the avoidance of loss of time are the factors controlling the permissible number of stairways. Main stairs should never be less than 44 in. to 48 in. between handrails. Spiral stairs and winders are objectionable in a factory; straight reinforced-concrete runs with a good fillet between tread and riser make the most satisfactory stairs. There are no special limitations in the size of the pitch, and it is possible to make a safe and reasonably comfortable stair at almost any pitch if due regard is paid to the relation of rise and length of run. All landings should be rectangular and at least as deep as the stair is wide.
In the artificial illumination of the shaft, complete distribution of the light is more important than brilliancy.
Dangerous locations of the doors leading to the stairs are illustrated and suitable arrangements are recommended.
The Cooling Losses in Internal-Combustion Engines as Affecting Design
Authors: Norman C. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
From experiments by Dugald Clerk and others the author derives a formula giving the cooling loss during the expansion stroke of internal-combustion engines in terms of the surface-to-volume ratio, the revolutions per minute and the piston speed of the engine. With the aid of this formula the effect of varying dimensions, stroke-to-bore ratio, expansion ratio and piston speed is investigated. Great expansion combined with a low stroke-to-bore ratio is found in general conducive to best efficiency. Large size, as well as very high speed, will in general reduce efficiency: large size by necessitating a low number of revolutions and extremely efficient cooling; very high speed by delayed combustion. The best speed and dimensions to be used in every individual case can be estimated by the aid of the formula.
The author’s formula is based on certain simple theoretical considerations. It derives its practical justification, however, from the fact that it gives results in close agreement with the only published experiments on the subject which have been thoroughly criticised. Further experiments are highly desirable, but under present conditions will probably be long delayed and for high-speed engines will be found extremely difficult to carry out. Under these circumstances, the formula is offered merely as a basis for estimating as closely as can be done, at the present time, the extent to which cooling losses depend upon engine speeds and dimensions. The importance of such information for intelligent judgment about possible engine performance and intelligent design for high efficiency need not be dilated upon.
Recovery of Gasoline from Casing-Head and Natural Gas
Authors: Diserens Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper the author describes in detail two methods of recovering casing-head gasoline, or that passing off in the form of vapor with natural gas from oil wells where both oil and gas are found in the same field. It is stated that the value of the recoverable gasoline in the gas is often as much as 20 per cent of the value of the oil produced.
In the first method the vapor-laden gas is alternately compressed and cooled, causing the gasoline to be thrown down as a condensate. In the second, used when the gasoline content is small, the gas is forced into intimate contact with a mineral oil that absorbs the gasoline vapor and the gasoline is later recovered from the oil by distillation. A combined absorption and compression method is also proposed.
Valves and Fittings for High Hydraulic Pressures: Their Design and Maintenance in Operation for Pressures of from 1000 to 8000 Lb. per Sq. in.
Authors: Gaylord Wm. W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper suggests a method of figuring the strength of hydraulic pipe, valves and fittings based on the maximum-shear theory modified to conform to the results of the experiments of Cooke and Robertson published in “Engineering,” December 15, 1911, and shows it applied to a system to use 7500 lb. per sq. in. working pressure. It describes the joints, fittings and valves used on this system, both those that proved satisfactory and those that failed in operation.
It also shows and describes a multiple cam-operated valve for use with a three-cylinder press, so arranged that a continued rotation of the valve-operating wheel in one direction operates the individual cylinders of the press through a complete cycle of operations, thus largely eliminating the personal equation of the operator. An auxiliary valve used to speed up the return stroke of the large cylinder of this press is also described.
The design of a system in which an accumulator is used is discussed and the special precautions required to avoid water hammer considered.