bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the super tolerance of
Candida nivariensis
to oxidative stress: insights into the involvement of a catalase
Authors: Qi Yanhua , Qin Qijian , Liao Guiyan , Tong Lige , Jin Cheng , Wang Bin , Fang Wenxia 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Yeast cells involved in fermentation processes face various stressors that disrupt redox homeostasis and cause cellular damage, making the study of oxidative stress mechanisms crucial. In this investigation, we isolated a resilient yeast strain,
Candida nivariensis
GXAS-CN, capable of thriving in the presence of high concentrations of H
2
O
2
. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of multiple antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress. Deletion of the catalase gene
Cncat
significantly impacted H
2
O
2
-induced oxidative stress. Enzymatic analysis of recombinant
Cn
Cat highlighted its highly efficient catalase activity and its essential role in mitigating H
2
O
2
. Furthermore, over-expression of
Cn
Cat in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
improved oxidative resistance by reducing intracellular ROS accumulation. The presence of multiple stress-responsive transcription factor binding sites at the promoters of antioxidative genes indicates their regulation by different transcription factors. These findings demonstrate the potential of utilizing the remarkably tolerant
C. nivariensis
GXAS-CN or enhancing the resistance of
S. cerevisiae
to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of industrial fermentation processes.

IMPORTANCE

Enduring oxidative stress is a crucial trait for fermentation strains. The importance of this research is its capacity to advance industrial fermentation processes. Through an in-depth examination of the mechanisms behind the remarkable H
2
O
2
resistance in
Candida nivariensis
GXAS-CN and the successful genetic manipulation of this strain, we open the door to harnessing the potential of the catalase
Cn
Cat for enhancing the oxidative stress resistance and performance of yeast strains. This pioneering achievement creates avenues for fine-tuning yeast strains for precise industrial applications, ultimately leading to more efficient and cost-effective biotechnological processes.
The mechanism of action of auranofin analogs in
B. cenocepacia
revealed by chemogenomic profiling
Authors: Maydaniuk Dustin T. , Martens Brielle , Iqbal Sarah , Hogan Andrew M. , Lorente Cobo Neil , Motnenko Anna , Truong Dang , Liyanage Sajani H. , Yan Mingdi , Prehna Gerd , Cardona Silvia T. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Drug repurposing efforts led to the discovery of bactericidal activity in auranofin, a gold-containing drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Auranofin kills Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the presence of thioredoxin reductase in Gram-negative bacteria, auranofin is not always active against them. It is not clear whether the lack of activity in several Gram-negative bacteria is due to the cell envelope barrier or the presence of other ROS protective enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GOR). We previously demonstrated that chemical analogs of auranofin (MS-40 and MS-40S), but not auranofin, are bactericidal against the Gram-negative
Burkholderia cepacia
complex. Here, we explore the targets of auranofin, MS-40, and MS-40S in
Burkholderia cenocepacia
and elucidate the mechanism of action of the auranofin analogs by a genome-wide, randomly barcoded transposon screen (BarSeq). Auranofin and its analogs inhibited the
B. cenocepacia
thioredoxin reductase and induced ROS but did not inhibit the bacterial GOR. Genome-wide, BarSeq analysis of cells exposed to MS-40 and MS-40S compared to the ROS inducers arsenic trioxide, diamide, hydrogen peroxide, and paraquat revealed common and unique mediators of drug susceptibility. Furthermore, deletions of
gshA
and
gshB
that encode enzymes in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway led to increased susceptibility to MS-40 and MS-40S. Overall, our data suggest that the auranofin analogs kill
B. cenocepacia
by inducing ROS through inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and that the glutathione system has a role in protecting
B. cenocepacia
against these ROS-inducing compounds.

IMPORTANCE
The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of multidrug-resistant bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs of people with the autosomal recessive disease, cystic fibrosis. Specifically, the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia can cause severe infections, reducing lung function and leading to a devastating type of sepsis, cepacia syndrome. This bacterium currently does not have an accepted antibiotic treatment plan because of the wide range of antibiotic resistance. Here, we further the research on auranofin analogs as antimicrobials by finding the mechanism of action of these potent bactericidal compounds, using a powerful technique called BarSeq, to find the global response of the cell when exposed to an antimicrobial.
Unveiling the structure-emulsifying function relationship of truncated recombinant forms of the SA01-OmpA protein opens up a new vista in bioemulsifiers
Authors: Mohseni Sani Naeema , Talaee Mahbubeh , Akbari Ali , Ashoori Faranak , Zamani Javad , Kermani Ali A. , Shahbani Zahiri Hossein , Presley John , Vali Hojatollah , Akbari Noghabi Kambiz 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

The emulsifying ability of SA01-OmpA (outer membrane protein A from
Acinetobacter
sp. SA01) was found to be constrained by challenges like low production efficiency and high costs associated with protein recovery from
E. coli
inclusion bodies, as described in our previous study. The present study sought to benefit from the advantages of the targeted truncating of SA01-OmpA protein, taking into account the reduced propensity of protein expression as inclusion bodies and cytotoxicity. Here, the structure and activity relationship of two truncated recombinant forms of SA01-OmpA protein was unraveled through a hybrid approach based on experimental data and computational methodologies, representing an innovative bioemulsifier with advantageous emulsifying activity. The recombinant truncated SA01-OmpA variants were cloned and heterologously expressed in
E. coli
host cells and subsequently purified. The results showed increased emulsifying activity of N-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA (NT-OmpA) compared to full-length SA01-OmpA. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations analysis demonstrated a direct correlation between the C-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA (CT-OmpA) and its expression as inclusion bodies. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship of truncated variants of SA01-OmpA revealed that, compared to the full-length protein, deletion of the β-barrel portion from the N-terminal of SA01-OmpA increased the emulsifying activity of NT-OmpA while lowering its expression as inclusion bodies. Contrary to the full-length protein, the N-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA was not as cytotoxic, according to the MTT assay, FCM analysis, and AO/EB staining. The findings of this extensive study advance our knowledge of SA01-OmpA at the molecular level as well as the design and development of efficient bioemulsifiers.

IMPORTANCE
Previous research (Shahryari et al. 2021, mSystems 6: e01175-20) introduced and characterized the SA01-OmpA protein as a multifaceted protein with a variety of functions, including maintaining cellular homeostasis under oxidative stress conditions, biofilm formation, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) biogenesis, and beneficial emulsifying capacity. By truncating the SA01-OmpA protein, the current study presents a unique method for developing protein-type bioemulsifiers. The findings indicate that the N-terminally truncated SA01-OmpA (NT-OmpA) has the potential to fully replace full-length SA01-OmpA as a novel bioemulsifier with significant emulsifying activity. This study opens up a new frontier in bioemulsifiers, shedding light on a possible relationship between the structure and activity of SA01-OmpA truncated forms.
Lack of leisure time physical activity and variations in cardiovascular mortality across US communities: a comprehensive county-level analysis (2011–2019)
Authors: Abohashem Shady , Nasir Khurram , Munir Malak , Sayed Ahmed , Aldosoky Wesam , Abbasi Taimur , Michos Erin D , Gulati Martha , Rana Jamal S 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between county-level proportions of adults not engaging in leisure-time physical activity (no LTPA) and age-adjusted cardiovascular mortality (AACVM) rates in the overall US population and across demographics.MethodsAnalysing 2900 US counties from 2011 to 2019, we used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) databases to obtain annual AACVM rates. No LTPA data were sourced from the CDC’s Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System survey and county-specific rates were calculated using a validated multilevel regression and poststratification modelling approach. Multiple regression models assessed associations with county characteristics such as socioeconomic, environmental, clinical and healthcare access factors. Poisson generalised linear mixed models were employed to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and additional yearly deaths (AYD) per 100 000 persons.ResultsOf 309.9 million residents in 2900 counties in 2011, 7.38 million (2.4%) cardiovascular deaths occurred by 2019. County attributes such as socioeconomic, environmental and clinical factors accounted for up to 65% (adjusted R2=0.65) of variance in no LTPA rates. No LTPA rates associated with higher AACVM across demographics, notably among middle-aged adults (standardised IRR: 1.06; 95% CI (1.04 to 1.07)), particularly women (1.09; 95% CI (1.07 to 1.12)). The highest AYDs were among elderly non-Hispanic black individuals (AYD=68/100 000).ConclusionsOur study reveals a robust association between the high prevalence of no LTPA and elevated AACVM rates beyond other social determinants. The most at-risk groups were middle-aged women and elderly non-Hispanic black individuals. Further, county-level characteristics accounted for substantial variance in community LTPA rates. These results emphasise the need for targeted public health measures to boost physical activity, especially in high-risk communities, to reduce AACVM.
Potential replacement understory woody plants for Robinia pseudoacacia plantations: species composition and vertical distribution pattern
Authors: Yang Haijiao , Wang Zhibin 
Published: January 2024

Black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantations on the Loess Plateau have become multigenerational sprouting forests with an obvious trend toward degradation. The species composition and vertical distribution pattern of understory woody plants were investigated in mature stands located at the top (T_GS) and bottom (B_GS) of a slope in the gully region to explore whether there may be replacement species for black locust. The species composition of T_GS and B_GS clearly differed, and species diversity indices in B_GS were significantly greater than those in T_GS. These differences in species composition were mainly attributed to elevation, leaf area index, and basal area of total canopy trees. In T_GS, Rubus corchorifolius and Rosa xanthina had an absolute advantage in terms of the number of individuals in the vertical space of (0, 100] cm and (100, 300] cm, respectively. In B_GS, Acanthopanax senticosus was dominant at (0, 200] cm, and Broussonetia papyrifera and Celtis sinensis began to dominate at >200 cm. These results suggest that shrub species ( Rubus corchorifolius and Rosa xanthina) and tree species ( Broussonetia papyrifera and Celtis sinensis) should be prioritized when mixed with black locust in T_GS and B_GS, respectively, to gradually replace black locust on the Loess Plateau.
What relational event models can reveal: Commentary on Thomas Grund’s “Dynamics of Denunciation: The Limits of a Scandal”
Authors: Jones Pete 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article provides a commentary on Thomas Grund’s International Conference on Computational Social Science 2021 keynote “Dynamics of Denunciation: The Limits of a Scandal”. The keynote presents results from research investigating the relational dynamics underpinning the denunciations provided in testimonies relating to a Canadian political scandal. Grund uses relational event models to test hypotheses about the social mechanisms driving the denunciations. Although denunciation should depend only on who is guilty and not on who has said what up to that point, Grund’s study finds evidence in support of a number of relational mechanisms influencing the denunciation process. Grund argues that the apparent influence of past denunciations on testimonies reveals the limits of the inquiry process itself and what it can reveal about a scandal. This article reviews Grund’s talk and puts the work in a broader context of using approaches rooted in event history modelling and social network theory to illuminate the processes defining social interaction data. It highlights ways in which the keynote can inform the development of computational social science approaches to analysing such data, and argues that the value of such an analysis has implications for scholarship beyond the social sciences.
Power flow analysis in a distributed network for a smart grid system
Authors: Jothi Thangavel , Arun Manoharan , Varadarajan Murugesan 
Published: January 2024

<span>This article presents the implementation of a hybrid renewable energy-based smart grid in a distributed system. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation are variable and time-dependent, yet they are very efficient and correlated, making them perfect for a two-source hybrid system. To maximize the generated power, using the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) technique, the incremental conductance (IC) algorithm is employed. The proportional integral (PI)-based MPPT controller is chosen to improve the efficiency of conventional MPPT controllers. A battery system is implemented as an energy management system (EMS) to aid in transferring or managing the high load throughout peak and off-peak hours. The proposed system uses an optimization technique called genetic algorithm (GA) to control the inverter voltage. The GA-tuned PI controller performs efficiently and has less harmonic distortion than the traditional sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) control method. The designed system uses real-time measurable parameters as inputs and is simulated in Matlabtool. The system generates 42 kW of solar power and 250 kW of wind power; the total harmonic distortion (THD) value is 5% less than the SPWM technique. For future work, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices can improve the power quality and lower the oscillations.</span>
Blockchain based drug supply chain for decentralized network
Authors: Bidve Vijaykumar , Hamine Aryan , Akre Sharwari , Ghan Yash , Sarasu Pakiriswamy , Pakle Ganesh 
Published: January 2024

<span>The concept of supply and demand drives the scales of various markets in today’s world. When it comes to producing a quality product, the right kind of steps need to be taken to ensure that its quality can be supplemented with the process of its making. A supply chain is a business process that delineates the creation of a product. One such supply chain is the drug supply chain, focusing on the manufacturing and distribution of drugs. It is implied that there is an immense importance of traceability in the drug supply chain to ensure transparency amongst various actors and ultimately the end user. Improving on this crucial parameter allows drug supply chains to be carefully monitored and adhere to the various compliances from governing bodies. This work aim is to provide organizations with solutions that allow them to ameliorate the supply chain management. Using the blockchain technology, various transactions recorded in the supply chain can be checked against providing strong traceability and secure record-keeping. The positives that are provided by the blockchain transform the supply chain to a much more efficient and improved operation, impacting various facets of the process for the better.</span>
Challenges in big data adoption for Malaysian organizations: a review
Authors: Qi Zian Lee , Zareen Zulkarnain Nur , Jaya Kumar Yogan 
Published: January 2024

<p><span>Big data has played an ever-increasing role in various sectors of the economy. Despite the availability of big data technologies, many companies and organizations in Malaysia remain reluctant to adopt them. Numerous studies have been published on big data adoption; however, there is a lack of research focusing on identifying the challenges faced by Malaysian organizations. Therefore, this study will implement the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework to examine the challenges faced by Malaysian organizations with regards to big data adoption. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to examine the challenges. From the result of this study, it was found that the factors from technology context are deemed to be the major challenge faced in big data adoption followed by organization and environment factors. Furthermore, the insights derived from the TOE framework-based information can help address concerns that hinder big data adoption among organizations in Malaysia. Finally, this study concludes with several recommendations.</span></p>
MJO Structure–Propagation Nexus and Impacts of Background Mean States in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Xiang Yuhang , Li Juan , Wang Bin , Ma Libin , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Eastward propagation is an essential feature of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Yet, it remains a challenge to realistically simulate it by global climate system models, and the reasons are not fully understood. This study evaluates the capability of 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating MJO’s eastward propagation and its intrinsic links with the dynamic–thermodynamic structures and the background mean states, aiming at better understanding the sources of the simulation errors. The metrics to evaluate the MJO internal dynamics consists of six parameters: 1) the east–west asymmetry in the low-level circulation, 2) the boundary layer moisture convergence propagation, 3) the vertical tilt of equivalent potential temperature or moist static energy, the vertical structures of 4) diabatic heating and 5) available potential energy generation, and 6) upper-level diabatic heating and divergence. We also gauge the performance of three MJO-related background mean-state fields, including precipitation, sea surface temperature, and low-level moist static energy. It is argued that these parameters are relevant internal and external factors that could affect MJO eastward propagation. We find that the boundary layer moisture convergence is most tightly coupled with the eastward propagation of MJO and controls the premoistening, destabilization, and the leading low-level diabatic heating and available potential energy generation. The CMIP6 models exhibit significant improvements against CMIP5 models in simulating MJO dynamic–thermodynamic structures and the mean states. The diagnostics in this study could help to identify the possible processes related to CMIP6 models’ shortcomings and shed light on how to improve simulation of MJO eastward propagation in the future.
Level 1a Evidence Comparing Use of Antibiotics Versus No Antibiotics in Management of Acute Left-Sided Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
Authors: Sokhal Balamrit Singh , Mostafa Omar Ezzat Saber , Ramasamy Sadhasivam , Spyridon Roditis , Zaman Shafquat , Hajibandeh Shahab , Hajibandeh Shahin 
Published: January 2024

Background Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) is a common cause of acute abdominal pain. Recent guidelines advise selective use of antibiotics in AUD patients. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of no antibiotics vs antibiotics in AUD patients. Methods This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving AUD patients which compared the use of antibiotics with no antibiotics. Pooled outcome data was calculated using random effects modeling with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results 5 RCTs with 1934 AUD patients were included. 979 patients were managed without antibiotics (50.6%). Patients in the no antibiotic and antibiotic groups had comparable demographics (age, sex, and body mass index) and presenting features (temperature, pain score, and C-reactive protein levels). There was no significant difference in rates of complicated diverticulitis (OR: .61, 95% CI: 0.27-1.36, P = .23), abscess (OR: .51, 95% CI: .08-3.25, P = .47) or fistula (OR: .33, 95% CI: .03-3.15, P = .33) formation, perforation (OR: .98, 95% CI: .32-3.07, P = .98), recurrence (OR: .96, 95% CI: .66-1.41, P = .85), need for surgery (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: .47-3.95, P = .37), mortality (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: .14-11.76, P = .82), or length of stay (MD: .215, 95% CI: −.43-.73, P = .61) between the 2 groups. However, the likelihood of readmission was higher in the antibiotics group (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.43-3.18, P = .0002). Conclusion There is no significant difference in baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, and adverse health outcomes between AUD patients treated without antibiotics compared to with antibiotics.
Exploring the Timing of Disengagement From Nondriving Related Tasks in Scheduled Takeovers With Pre-Alerts: An Analysis of Takeover-Related Measures
Authors: Bai Jiming , Sun Xu , Cao Shi , Wang Qingfeng , Wu Jiang 
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aimed to investigate drivers’ disengagement from nondriving related tasks (NDRT) during scheduled takeovers and to evaluate its impact on takeover performance. Background During scheduled takeovers, drivers typically have sufficient time to prepare. However, inadequate disengagement from NDRTs can introduce safety risks. Method Participants experienced scheduled takeovers using a driving simulator, undergoing two conditions, with and without an NDRT. We assessed their takeover performance and monitored their NDRT disengagement from visual, cognitive, and physical perspectives. Results The study examined three NDRT disengagement timings (DTs): DT1 (disengaged before the takeover request), DT2 (disengaged after the request but before taking over), and DT3 (not disengaged). The impact of NDRT on takeover performance varied depending on DTs. Specifically, DT1 demonstrated no adverse effects; DT2 impaired takeover time, while DT3 impaired both takeover time and quality. Additionally, participants who displayed DT1 exhibited longer eye-off-NDRT duration and a higher eye-off-NDRT count during the prewarning stage compared to those with DT2 and DT3. Conclusion Drivers can benefit from earlier disengagement from NDRTs, demonstrating resilience to the adverse effects of NDRTs on takeover performance. The disengagement of cognition is often delayed compared to that of eyes and hands, potentially leading to DT3. Moreover, visual disengagement from NDRTs during the prewarning stage could distinguish DT1 from the other two. Application Our study emphasizes considering NDRT disengagement in designing systems for scheduled takeovers. Measures should be taken to promote early disengagement, facilitate cognitive disengagement, and employ visual disengagement during the prewarning period as predictive indicators of DTs.