bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation on Optical, Mechanical and Thermophysical Properties of Sodium Sulfanilate Dihydrate Single Crystal for Optical Window And Microelectronics Applications
Authors: Preetha N. , Oh Tae Hwan , Muthu S. Esakki , Divya S. , Thirupathy J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA nonlinear optical single crystal of sodium sulfanilate dihydrate (SSDH) is formed using the slow evaporation solution approach. Using X‐ray diffraction, the properties of the unit cell are extracted from a single crystal. Using UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy, the optical transmittance of crystals is determined. Mechanical toughness is evaluated using a Vickers micro hardness test. Sodium sulfanilate dihydrate is synthesized as a single crystal and etched for analysis. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is used to examine the sample's thermal diffusivity. The crystal's thermophysical properties are vital for every element of heat transfer incidences, in addition to being employed in many other applications, including as Nd:YAG lasers, Nd:YLF lasers, acousto‐optics, and microelectronics industry applications.
Structural, Vibrational, Thermal, and Cytotoxic Characterization of Aqua(1,10‐Phenanthroline)(L‐Serinato)Copper(II) Nitrate Complex Combined with DFT Calculations
Authors: Ramos Marina C. , de Oliveira Neto João G. , Nogueira Carlos E. S. , Reis Aramys S. , de Sousa Francisco F. , da Silva Luzeli M. , dos Santos Adenilson O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, X‐ray diffraction confirms the crystallization of aqua(1,10‐phenanthroline)(L‐serinato)copper(II) nitrate in the triclinic system (P‐1). Density functional theory calculations are used to assign the vibration bands of Cu2+ ion and phenanthroline (phen) and L‐serine (L‐ser) ligands obtained by Raman and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Physical and analytical properties, evaluated by computational study utilizing CrystalExplorer software, show the prevalence of H···O/O···H interaction. Thermal analyses show that the complex is stable in the temperature interval of 300–390 K. For temperatures above 390 K, the elimination of coordinated water molecules (380–430 K), mass loss of serine (440–660 K), and material decomposition process above 660 K. The solubility of the complex in water reaches 21.4 mg mL−1 at 35 °C. Parameters of drug‐likeness and assessment of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties are calculated. The in vitro cytotoxic assays against the cancer cell line of the HCT‐116 type (human colorectal carcinoma) exhibits toxicity (IC50 = 1.88 µm and selectivity index of 2.17) for the complex. The results highlight the potential of ternary copper complexes such as [Cu(phen)(L‐ser)(H2O)]NO3 for anticancer drug development as attractive, efficient, and low‐cost materials.
Research on the design method for uniform wear of shield cutters in sand–pebble strata
Authors: Zhang Jinxun , Li Bo , Wang Guihe , Jiang Yusheng , Jiang Hua , Yin Minglun , Sun Zhengyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring shield tunneling in highly abrasive formations such as sand–pebble strata, nonuniform wear of shield cutters is inevitable due to the different cutting distances. Frequent downtimes and cutter replacements have become major obstacles to long‐distance shield driving in sand–pebble strata. Based on the cutter wear characteristics in sand–pebble strata in Beijing, a design methodology for the cutterhead and cutters was established in this study to achieve uniform wear of all cutters by the principle of frictional wear. The applicability of the design method was verified through three‐dimensional simulations using the engineering discrete element method. The results show that uniform wear of all cutters on the cutterhead could be achieved by installing different numbers of cutters on each trajectory radius and designing a curved spoke with a certain arch height according to the shield diameter. Under the uniform wear scheme, the cutter wear coefficient is greatly reduced, and the largest shield driving distance is increased by approximately 47% over the engineering scheme. The research results indicate that the problem of nonuniform cutter wear in shield excavation could be overcome, thereby providing guiding significance for theoretical innovation and construction of long‐distance shield excavation in highly abrasive strata.
Quantifying interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Govaert Lynn , Hendry Andrew P. , Fattahi Farshad , Möst Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRapid environmental changes result in massive biodiversity loss, with detrimental consequences for the functioning of ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that intraspecific diversity can contribute to ecosystem functioning to an extent comparable to contributions of interspecific diversity. Knowledge on the relative importance of these two sources of biodiversity is essential for predicting ecosystem consequences of biodiversity loss and will aid in the prioritization of conservation targets and implementation of management measures. However, our quantitative insights into how interspecific and intraspecific biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning and how the effects of these two sources of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning can be compared are still very limited. To facilitate such quantitative insights, we extend the interspecific Price partitioning method originally introduced by J. Fox in 2006, previously used to quantify species loss and gain effects on ecosystem functioning, to also account for the effects of intraspecific diversity loss and gain on ecosystem function. Using this extended version can yield the quantitative information required for answering research questions addressing correlations between interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem functioning, identifying interspecific and intraspecific groups with large effects, and assessing whether intraspecific diversity can compensate for losses in interspecific diversity. Applying this method to carefully designed experiments will provide additional insights into how biodiversity loss at different ecological levels contributes to and changes ecosystem functioning.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of NPRL3‐related epilepsy: Two case reports and literature review
Authors: Yang Dongling , Wang Jinqiu , Qin Zailong , Feng Juntan , Mao Chengyun , Chen Yuyi , Huang Xuelin , Ruan Yiyan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNitrogen permease regulator‐like 3 (NPRL3) has been reported to play a role in seizure onset. The principal manifestation of NPRL3‐related epilepsy is a range of epilepsy‐associated syndromes, such as familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF), sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The association between phenotype and genotype of NPRL3 mutations remains inadequately described. This study aimed to explore the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of NPRL3‐related epilepsy. We reported two novel NPRL3 variants in two unrelated epilepsy cases, including a nonsense (c.1174C > T, p.Gln392*) and a missense variant (c.1322C > T, p.Thr441Met). Following a review of the literature, a total of 116 cases of NPRL3‐related epilepsy were assessed, mostly with nonsense and frameshift mutations. Our findings suggest that patients harboring various NPRL3 variants exhibit variable clinical manifestations. In addition, it may be worthwhile to consider the NPRL3 mutations in epilepsy patients with a family history. This study provides useful information for the treatment and prognosis by expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of NPRL3‐related epilepsy.Plain Language SummaryThis study expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of NPRL3‐related epilepsy by reporting two cases with different novel variants. Following a review of the literature, it was observed that patients harboring various NPRL3 variants exhibited a variability of clinical manifestations. Also, patients carrying nonsense mutations are frequently prone to drug resistance and other severe comorbidities such as developmental delay, but more cases need to be collected to confirm these findings.
Commonly consumed processed packaged foods in Bangladesh are unhealthy and their nutrient contents are not in conformity with the label declaration
Authors: Shaheen Nazma , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Choudhury Sohel Reza , Sarwar Sneha , Ashraf Md Musharraf , Bahar Nisarga , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Sobhan Sheikh Mohammad Mahbubus , Abedin Md Joynul , Karim Md Rizwanul , Amin Mohammad Robed , Alim Abdul 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to identify the major nutrient content in processed foods commonly consumed in Bangladesh, their label conformity healthiness, and percent daily nutrient contribution. Twenty‐four nationally representative composite samples were analyzed using AOAC and other standard methods. Results were compared with label information using a restrictive approach and EU tolerance guidelines. The healthiness of the products was evaluated in terms of the Health Star Rating (HSR) scheme and the UK traffic light labeling system. Among the analyzed samples, fried pulse, chanachur, lozenge, and fried peas had the highest amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber, respectively. Biscuits and milk chocolate had high levels of trans fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). It was observed that around half of the products lacked information about saturated fatty acid (46%), followed by total dietary fiber and trans‐fat (38% each). Other information was missing in one‐fifth of the products, namely protein (17%), total fat (17%), available carbohydrate (17%), energy (17%), sugar (21%), and salt (21%). Label compliance analysis according to the restrictive approach revealed that none of the products accurately reported the salt, sugar, saturated fat, and trans fat content on the label. According to the EU tolerance guideline, approximately half of the products had protein (58%), fat (54%), and carbohydrate (42%) levels that fell within the EU tolerance limit. However, only around one‐third of the samples had sugar (21%), salt (38%), and saturated fat (33%) levels that met the EU tolerance limit. In terms of healthiness analysis, according to the HSR, the range of stars was between 0.5 and 2.5 of the foods where fried peas got the highest rating (2.5 stars), while in terms of the UK traffic light system, none of the samples got all green signals. The lozenge got green lights for fat, SFA, and salt contents. It was also found that consumption of 100 g of fried peas or pulse would exceed the acceptable daily limit of salt, sugar, and SFA compared to the daily maximum allowable intake for the 2000 kcal diet recommended by the WHO. However, according to the serving size, biscuits were major contributors of TFA, sugar, and SFA, whereas fried pulse was a key contributor of sodium/salt. Proper regulatory actions should be introduced to promote healthy processed foods with user‐friendly front‐of‐the‐pack labeling and monitor their quality to prevent non‐communicable diseases (NCDs).
Masters of mudbrick: Geoarchaeological analysis of Iron Age earthen public buildings at Ashdod‐Yam (Israel)
Authors: Lorenzon Marta , Cutillas‐Victoria Benjamín , Itkin Eli , Fantalkin Alexander 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExcavations at Ashdod‐Yam exposed a fortification system that features a massive mudbrick wall with large earthen ramparts laid on either side. This fortified horseshoe‐shaped enclosure once surrounded what was likely a human‐made harbor and an adjacent acropolis with complex earthen architecture, constructed and active during Iron Age IIB–C (eighth–seventh centuries B.C.E.). These Iron Age public structures are at the center of the current research. In this paper, we present the geoarchaeological analyses of Ashdod‐Yam's earthen architecture. We applied a multidisciplinary methodology to new evidence for mudbrick manufacture with the goal of understanding the relationship between governing bodies and craftsmen. The analyses combine X‐ray fluorescence, loss on ignition, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and thin‐section petrography to investigate raw material procurement, manufacturing choices, and labor organization at Ashdod‐Yam during Iron IIB–C. Construction techniques and the standardization of the mudbrick recipe point to a local enterprise regarding the site's public earthen architecture. Furthermore, the degree of labor organization must have been closely observed and supervised by a central political power. Thus, it is argued here that construction and maintenance of the site was carried out by the kingdom of Ashdod, either as a part of its own local initiative or on behalf of the Neo‐Assyrian empire.
Writ in water—Unwritten histories obtained from carbonate deposits in ancient water systems
Authors: Sürmelihindi Gül , Passchier Cees 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCalcium carbonate deposits from ancient water systems such as aqueducts are a hidden archive for archaeology and environmental sciences. These deposits formed wherever carbonate‐rich water was in contact with a water‐containing structure and recorded water composition, temperature, biological content, the operation or nonoperation of a water system segment, flow discharge and velocity, the shape of disappeared segments of water structures, the number of years a water supply system was active, disruptions of the water supply and water management such as repairs, adaptations and cleaning. Indirectly, urban development, resilience, population‐ and socioeconomic dynamics can be studied through the stratigraphy of carbonate in water systems. Carbonate archives can also give insight into long‐term changes in paleoclimate and on environmental pollution, deforestation, extreme floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Archaeological and environmental investigations of carbonate deposits can provide data with up to daily resolution over decades to centuries. Although absolute dating of carbonate from water systems is still problematic, each study on the aqueduct of an ancient city, together with its carbonate deposits, provides its own microstory in Roman life.
Dependency and causal relationship between ‘Bitcoin’ and financial asset classes: A Bayesian network approach
Authors: Mroua Mourad , Souissi Nada , Donia Mrabet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study employs the Bayesian Networks (BN) and the wavelet coherence approaches to invest the relationship between Bitcoin volatility and financial asset classes (MSCI world equity index, S&P Goldman Sachs Commodity Index [GSCI], US index and Investment Grade Corporate Bond Index ETF [PIMCO]) using daily data for the period from August 2011 to October 2021. The results show that the causal relationship between Bitcoin and other financial assets varies depending on the market states. During the low volatility periods, Bitcoin has a stronger impact on the GSCI, while during the stability periods, it has a direct effect on the US index and the MSCI world index. In contrast, during high volatility periods, Bitcoin has a direct impact on both the GSCI and PIMCO indices. The key findings enabled us to provide implications for US investors to promote asset allocation and risk management covering both Bitcoin and traditional financial markets. The results suggest that policymakers should watch Botcoin closely to preserve financial stability.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes ameliorate LPS‐induced acute lung injury by miR‐223‐regulated alveolar macrophage M2 polarization
Authors: Xu Hui , Nie Xiangbi , Deng Wu , Zhou Han , Huang Dan , Wang Zenggeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that the M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages (AM) plays a protective role in acute lung injury (ALI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secreted exosomes have been reported to be involved in inflammatory diseases by the effects of polarized M1/M2 macrophage populations. However, whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) derived exosomes could protect from ALI and its mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we explored the role of exosomes from BMMSC in rat AM polarization and the lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) induced ALI rat model. Furthermore, the levels of exosomal miR‐223 in BMMSCs were measured by RT‐qPCR. Additionally, miR‐223 mimics and its inhibitors were used to verify the vital role of miR‐223 of BMMSCs‐derived exosomes in the polarization of M2 macrophages. The results showed that BMMSCs‐derived exosomes were taken up by the AM. Exosomes derived from BMMSCs promoted M2 polarization of AM in vitro. BMMSCs exosomes effectively mitigated pathological injuries, lung edema, and the inflammation of rats from LPS‐induced ALI, accompanied by an increase of M2 polarization of AM in lung tissue. Interestingly, we also found that miR‐223 was enriched in BMMSCs‐derived exosomes, and overexpression of miR‐223 in BMMSCs‐derived exosomes promoted M2 polarization of AM while depressing miR‐223 showed opposite effects in AM. The present study demonstrated that BMMSCs‐derived exosomes triggered alveolar M2 polarization to improve inflammation by transferring miR‐223, which may provide new therapeutic strategies in ALI.
Feasibility and Reliability of Transcranial POCUS Color‐Coded Duplex Sonography Performed by Physicians of Varied Ultrasound Experience in Diagnosing Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Connor‐Schuler Randi , Phillips Steven , Kuo Emory , Kandiah Prem , Sadan Ofer 
Published: October 2023

PurposeAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, which is largely attributable to secondary complications such as vasospasm and subsequent delayed cerebral ischemia. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is recommended for the screening of vasospasm; however, technicians are not always available. We aimed to see how feasible and reliable bedside transcranial point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) color‐coded duplex sonography was compared with formal non‐imaging TCD in measuring velocities and in diagnosing vasospasm.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study that took place in the neuroscience intensive care unit at a single academic medical center. Patients with aSAH who were undergoing formal TCDs were scanned on days 2–10 of their admission by physicians of ranging ultrasound experience. Absolute velocities were compared as well as the diagnosis of vasospasm via POCUS and formal TCDs.ResultsA total of 226 bedside ultrasound exams were performed and compared with 126 formal TCD studies. Sonographic windows were obtained in 89.4% of patients. Scans took 6.6 minutes to complete on average by the advanced group versus 14.5 minutes in the beginner. Correlation ranged from .52 in the beginner group to .65 in the advanced. When good quality of images obtained at a depth of 4–5 cm were reviewed, correlation of mean velocities increased to .96. Overall sensitivity for diagnosing vasospasm was 75%, with a specificity of 99% and negative predictive value of 99%.ConclusionOverall, POCUS TCD cannot replace a formal study performed by expert sonographers. An abbreviated POCUS scan can be performed quickly, however, particularly with more experienced operators. POCUS TCD can also feasibly detect vasospasm, and accurate velocities can be obtained by those with all levels of ultrasound experience. Care must be taken on image interpretation that velocities are obtained at an appropriate depth to ensure appropriate insonation of the MCA as well as in optimal alignment with the vessel to obtain the most accurate velocities.
Temperature dependent rate constant for the reaction of H‐atoms with carbonyl sulfide
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction of H‐atom with carbonyl sulfide (OCS) has been investigated at nearly 2 Torr total pressure of helium over a wide temperature range, T = 255–960 K, using a low‐pressure discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction H + OCS → SH + CO (1) was determined under pseudo‐first order conditions, monitoring the kinetics of H‐atom consumption in excess of OCS, k1 = 6.6 × 10−13 × (T/298)3 × exp(−1150/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (with estimated total uncertainty on k1 of 15% at all temperatures). Current measurements of k1 at intermediate temperatures (520–960 K) appear to reconcile previous high and low temperature data and allow the above expression for k1 to be recommended for use in the extended temperature range between 255 and 1830 K with a conservative uncertainty of 20%.
Airway Involvement and Intervention in Non‐ACE‐Inhibitor‐Induced Angioedema
Authors: Bacak Bartholomew J. , Castle Michael S. , Barbot Chantal , Srikantha Luxman , Stern Noah A. , Vandjelovic Nathan D. 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesCharacterize the presentation of patients with non‐angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)‐induced angioedema and determine risk factors associated with patient disposition and possible need for airway intervention.MethodsThe medical records of adult patients in the Emergency Department (ED) and diagnosed with non‐ACEI‐induced angioedema over 4.5 years were included. Demographics, vital signs, etiology, timeline, presenting symptoms, physical exam including flexible laryngoscopy, medical management, and disposition were examined. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS V 23.0 software calculating and comparing means, standard deviations, medians, and correlation of categorical and ordinate variables.ResultsA total of 181 patients with non‐ACEI‐induced angioedema were evaluated with flexible laryngoscopy by otolaryngology. Notably, 11 patients (6.1%) required airway intervention and were successfully intubated. Statistically significant factors (p ≤ 0.05) associated with airway intervention included the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (p = 0.006 and 0.01 respectively), symptoms of dysphonia (p = 0.018), the presence of oropharyngeal, supraglottic, and hypopharyngeal edema (p ≤ 0.001 for each site), and the number of edematous anatomic subsites documented on physical exam (p < 0.001). Other patient demographics, prior history of angioedema, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, symptom onset, number of symptoms at presentation, and medication administered in the ED did not correlate with airway intervention.ConclusionDysphonia, DBP, MAP, anatomic location of edema and edema in multiple sites are associated with airway intervention and a higher level of care in non‐ACEI‐induced angioedema and can be useful in risk assessment in patient management.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:2282–2287, 2024
Microwave‐Optics Entanglement Via Cavity Optomagnomechanics
Authors: Fan Zhi‐Yuan , Qiu Liu , Gröblacher Simon , Li Jie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrowave‐optics entanglement is a vital component for building hybrid quantum networks. Here, a new mechanism for preparing stationary entanglement between microwave and optical cavity fields in a cavity optomagnomechanical system is proposed. It consists of a magnon mode in a ferrimagnetic crystal that couples directly to a microwave cavity mode via the magnetic dipole interaction and indirectly to an optical cavity through the deformation displacement of the crystal. The mechanical displacement is induced by the magnetostrictive force and coupled to the optical cavity via radiation pressure. Both the opto‐ and magnomechanical couplings are dispersive. Magnon–phonon entanglement is created via magnomechanical parametric down‐conversion, which is further distributed to optical and microwave photons via simultaneous optomechanical beamsplitter interaction and electromagnonic state‐swap interaction, yielding stationary microwave‐optics entanglement. The microwave‐optics entanglement is robust against thermal noise, which will find broad potential applications in quantum networks and quantum information processing with hybrid quantum systems.