bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging and morphometric histologic analysis of prostate tissue composition in predicting the clinical outcome of terazosin therapy in benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Isen Kenan , Sinik Zafer , Alkibay Turgut , Sezer Cem , Sözen Sinan , Atilla Serhan , Ataoglu Ömür , Isik Sedat 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Purpose:
To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or quantitative color‐imaged morphometric analysis (MA) of the prostate gland are related to the clinical response to terazosin.
Methods:
Thirty‐six male patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with a serum prostate‐specific antigen level of 4–10 ng/mL underwent MRI with body coil, transrectal prostate ultrasonography and biopsy prior to terazosin therapy. For MRI‐determined stromal and non‐stromal BPH, the ratio of the signal intensity of the inner gland to the obturator internus muscle was evaluated. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The MA of the specimens was performed by Samba 2000. Results of the two techniques were interpreted according to the terazosin therapy results.
Results:
The mean stromal percentage was 60.5 ± 18.0%. No statistically significant relationship was found between the clinical outcome of terazosin and the MRI findings. The MA results showed a significant relationship between the percentage of stroma and the percent change of the peak urinary flow rate, but not with the percent change of the international prostate symptom score after terazosin therapy (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Magnetic resonance imaging alone is not sufficient in predicting the response to terazosin therapy. Morphometric analysis of BPH tissue composition can be used in predicting the clinical outcome of terazosin therapy but it is suitable only in patients for whom prostatic biopsy is necessary in order to rule out prostate cancer.
Effect of KMD‐3213, an α1A‐adrenoceptor antagonist, on the prostatic urethral pressure and blood pressure in male decerebrate dogs
Authors: Akiyama Katsuyoshi , Noto Hiromitsu , Nishizawa Osamu , Sugaya Kimio , Yamagishi Ryoichi , Kitazawa Makio , Tsuchida Seigi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: KMD‐3213 is an α1A‐adrenoceptor‐selective antagonist currently being developed for the treatment of urinary outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the present study, the uroselectivity of KMD‐3213 was evaluated and compared with that of prazosin and tamsulosin in a decerebrate dog model.Methods: Intercollicular decerebration was carried out in male mongrel dogs under anesthesia. The inhibitory effects of intravenously and intraduodenally administered compounds on the increase in intraurethral pressure (IUP) induced by electrical stimulation of the hypogastric nerve were estimated. Systemic blood pressure was measured simultaneously.Results: The α1‐antagonists tested produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the induced IUP response and decreased mean blood pressure (MBP). The ID50 of KMD‐3213, tamsulosin and prazosin for IUP (dose required to inhibit the increase in IUP by 50%) was 3.15, 1.73 and 11.8 μg/kg i.v., respectively, and the ED20 for the hypotensive effect (dose required to reduce MBP by 20%) was 8.03, 0.59 and 2.46 μg/kg i.v., respectively. The data indicate that uroselectivity (ED20/ID50) of KMD‐3213 is 12‐ and 7.5‐fold higher than that of prazosin and tamsulosin, respectively. When the drugs were administered intraduodenally, KMD‐3213 was sufficiently absorbed from the digestive tract and continued to demonstrate at least 3.8‐fold higher uroselectivity than tamsulosin.Conclusion: Based on these findings, KMD‐3213 appears to be an effective orally active compound for decreasing urethral resistance during micturition that does not induce any negative cardiovascular effects in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Holmium:YAG laser endoureterotomy in the treatment of ureteroenteric stricture following Indiana urinary diversion
Authors: Yamada Yoshiaki , Honda Nobuaki , Hibi Hatsuki , Taki Tomohiro , Mitsui Kenji , Fukatsu Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man who had received radical urethrocystectomy and Indiana urinary diversion 6 months earlier was treated for ureteroenteric anastomosis stricture (left side) using a Holmium:YAG laser via antegrade approach. The availability of small (6.9 Fr) flexible ureteroscope, as well as the use of the Holmium:YAG laser has facilitated the ability to precisely incise the stricture under direct endoscopic visualization. The technique is described for laser endoureterotomy in a patient with ureteroenteric stricture following Indiana urinary diversion.
Growth rates of primary and metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Oda Toshiro , Miyao Noriomi , Takahashi Atsushi , Yanase Masahiro , Masumori Naoya , Itoh Naoki , Tamakawa Mitsuharu , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: The natural history and growth rate of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not yet been determined. The growth rates of primary lesions in incidentally found RCC were compared with those of metastatic lesions.Methods: Sixteen patients who did not receive immediate surgical treatment for renal solid masses that were later proven to be RCC were reviewed retrospectively. All primary lesions of the 16 patients were found incidentally. For comparison, metastatic lesions were evaluated in another 16 patients with RCC. Of these, 11 underwent surgical treatment for the primary lesions.Results: The growth rates of primary and metastatic lesions of RCC varied. They ranged from 0.10 to 1.35 cm/year for primary lesions and from 0.08 to 7.87 cm/year for metastatic lesions. The growth rate of primary lesions of incidentally found RCC was lower than that of metastatic lesions (P = 0.0159). The initial tumor diameter and pathological grade did not affect the growth rate of the primary lesion of incidentally found RCC. However, a close correlation was found between the growth rate of metastatic lesions and the pathological grade of the primary lesion in patients with metastasis.Conclusions: The growth rate of incidentally found RCC varied. Some patients with the disease may be candidates for ‘watchful waiting’ when an immediate surgical treatment is not indicated, but they should be selected with great caution.
Effects of quercetin on the heat‐induced cytotoxicity of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Nakanoma Takashi , Ueno Munehisa , Iida Masahiro , Hirata Risa , Deguchi Nobuhiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:It has been demonstrated that prostate cancer cells are relatively sensitive to heat stress. We have reported that heat treatment at 43°C increases the expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in prostate cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. Hsp70 is a protein that protects cells against heat damage. Cells with lower levels of hsp70 have been shown to have a higher sensitivity to heat stress. Therefore, downregulation of hsp70 is expected to enhance heat‐induced inhibitory effects on cell growth. Quercetin has been reported to be an agent that inhibits hsp70 expression. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of quercetin and/or heat on the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro.Methods:Three human prostate cancer cell lines were used: Lncap; PC‐3; and JCA‐1. The cells were treated with quercetin and/or heat. Alterations in the cell cycle and hsp70 expression were examined by means of flow cytometry (FCM). The apoptotic cells were detected by FCM using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled annexin V.Results:Treatment with quercetin alone resulted in an apparent decrease of hsp70‐positive cells and an increase of subG1 cells in JCA‐1 and LNcap cells. Quercetin inhibited an increase of hsp70 expression after heat treatment and increased the number of subG1 cells with lower levels of hsp70 in JCA‐1 and LNcap cells. Quercetin was found to enhance heat‐induced inhibitory effects on cell growth and heat‐induced apoptosis in both JCA‐1 and LNcap cells.Conclusion:These results suggest that quercetin may enhance heat‐induced cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cell lines through the inhibition of hsp70 production.
Proliferative activity, angiogenesis and nuclear morphometry in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: KIRKALI ZIYA , YORUKOGLU KUTSAL , OZKARA ESRA , KAZIMOGLU HATEM , MUNGAN UGUR 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Background: Prognostic parameters other than tumor stage and grade are essential for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. This study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of cellular proliferation, angiogenesis and nuclear morphometry in predicting the biological aggressiveness of RCC.Methods: Surgical specimens of 70 patients with RCC were investigated by conventional histology, Ki‐67 immunostaining and stereological assessment of angiogenesis and mean nuclear volume.Results: There was no difference in disease‐specific survival with respect to sex, age and
histopathological type (except sarcomatoid and other types). The survival was significantly
lower and the chance of metastases was higher in the group with higher proliferative
activity (P = 0.007). There was no relation between angiogenesis, mean nuclear volume, stage and survival. There was a significant relation between both Fuhrman and WHO grades, tumor stage and survival. Histopathological type, grade, angiogenesis and mean nuclear volume failed to predict recurrences and/or metastases. In multivariate analysis, only TNM stage and proliferative activity were found to be independent prognostic factors.Conclusions: In addition to tumor grade and stage, proliferative activity of a given RCC may have the potential to identify patients with an impaired prognosis.
Significance of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) for detection of renal cell carcinoma and immunohistochemical glucose transporter 1 (GLUT‐1) expression in the cancer
Authors: MIYAKITA HIDESHI , TOKUNAGA MASATOSI , ONDA HAJIME , USUI YUKIO , KINOSHITA HIDECHIKA , KAWAMURA NOBUO , YASUDA SEIEI 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective: Positron emission tomography (PET) is now primarily used in oncological indication owing to the successful application of fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in an increasing number of clinical indications. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT‐1) is recognized as a major early marker of cellular malignant transformation. The aims of this study were to assess whether FDG‐PET is a useful diagnostic tool for renal cell carcinoma and to compare the pathologic characteristics.Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients who had renal cell carcinoma were examined using FDG‐PET preoperatively. The results of PET were then compared to the histology obtained after radical surgery and the immunoreactivity of GLUT‐1 was also studied.Results: Pathologic examination confirmed that all 19 patients suffered from renal cell carcinoma. Increased FDG uptake was found in six of the 19 patients (31.5%). The immunohistochemical examination of GLUT‐1 in renal cell carcinoma produced different results in each patient. There was no correlation with GLUT‐1 immunoreactivity and FDG‐PET positivity.Conclusion: These results suggest that FDG‐PET may not be a useful diagnostic tool for renal cell carcinoma.
Osteopontin regulates adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to renal epithelial cells
Authors: Yasui Takahiro , Fujita Keiji , Asai Kiyofumi , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: The association of calcium crystals with renal tubular cells is an important factor during the formation of urinary stones. We previously reported the strong expression of osteopontin (OPN) on renal tubular cells in the stone‐forming kidney, suggesting that OPN plays a role in the crystal–cell interaction. In the present study, we examined the biological consequences of inhibiting OPN expression at the translational level on the formation and adhesion of crystals.
Methods
: We synthesized antisense OPN expression vector (pTet‐OPNas) using the tetracycline‐regulated expression system. The pTet‐OPNas was constructed using a mouse OPN cDNA sequence in an inverted (antisense) orientation. Two clones (NRK‐52E/ASs) were identified by transfection of pTet‐OPNas into NRK‐52E cells and they showed a marked reduction of OPN synthesis in the absence of tetracycline. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal suspension was spread homogeneously on top of the NRK‐52E cells. After incubation, the association of CaOx crystals and cells was visualized by scanning electron microscopy.
Results
: Intact NRK‐52E cells, NRK‐52E cells transfected with empty vector and tetracycline‐treated antisense clones (NRK‐52E/ASs), under identical conditions, were associated with CaOx crystals. In contrast, the expression of antisense OPN prevented the association of CaOx crystals with NRK‐52E cells.
Conclusions
: Osteopontin plays a crucial role in the adhesion process of CaOx crystals to renal tubular cells in stone formation.
Hand‐assisted retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy: Initial experience
Authors: KAWAUCHI AKIHIRO , FUJITO AKIRA , UKIMURA OSAMU , SOH JINTETSU , MIZUTANI YOICHI , IMAIDE YOICHIRO , MIKI TSUNEHARU 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objectives: To report our initial experience of hand‐assisted retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy for stage T1 renal tumors.Methods: The clinical data on 22 consecutive patients who had undergone hand‐assisted retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy and 22 who had undergone open radical nephrectomy were reviewed. The operation was performed with a hand placed retroperitoneally through a pararectal longitudal 7–7.5 cm incision using a LAP DISC.Results: The total operating time was between 2.3 and 5.8 h (mean: 3.4 h). The estimated blood loss was between 15 and 650 mL (mean: 170 mL). The complication rate was 9% (2/22). No conversions to open procedure occurred. In comparison to open radical nephrectomy, the operating time was similar (3.4 vs 3.9 h) whereas the estimated blood loss was significantly less in this procedure (170 vs 495 mL). During the convalescence period the patients revealed significantly less postoperative pain, shorter intervals to resuming oral intake and more rapid return to normal activities compared to the open radical nephrectomy patients.Conclusion: Hand‐assisted retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy is an effective and safe procedure for T1 renal tumors.
Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle
Authors: ABE HIROYUKI , NISHIMURA TAIJI , MIURA TAKAFUMI , UCHIKOBA TAKUSHI , OHNO TOMOYASU , ISHIKAWA NORIYUKI , YOKOI KIMIYOSHI , OHAKI YOSHIHARU 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: We report here an extremely rare case of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle.Methods: A 65‐year‐old man presented with urinary hesitancy, frequency and constipation. Clinical examinations including two needle biopsies were performed, and the patient had undergone open surgery.Results: The final pathological diagnosis was cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle. Seven months after the operation, a chest X‐ray showed lung metastasis, and the patient died 11 months after the operation.Conclusion: To our knowledge, only one case of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle has been previously reported.
Molecular medicine in the 21st century
Authors: Semsarian C. , Seidman C. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWhen Watson and Crick proposed the double helix model for DNA structure in a 2 page Nature article in 1953, no one could have predicted the enormous impact this finding would have on the study of human disease. Over the last decade in particular, major advances have been made in our understanding of both normal biological processes and basic molecular mechanisms underlying a variety of medical diseases. Knowledge obtained from basic cellular, molecular and genetic studies has enabled the development of strategies for the modification, prevention and potential cure of human diseases. This brief overview focuses on the enormous impact molecular studies have had on various aspects of medicine. The inherited cardiac disorder hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is used here as a model to illustrate how molecular studies have not only redefined ‘gold standards’ for diagnosis, but have also influenced management approaches, increased our understanding of fundamental disease‐causing mechanisms and identified potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The near‐completion of the Human Genome Project, which identifies the 3.2 billion base pairs that comprise the human genome (the so‐called ‘Book of Life’), has exponentially heightened the focus on the importance of molecular studies and how such studies will impact on various aspects of medicine in the 21st century. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 53–59)
Prevalence of malnutrition and 12‐month incidence of mortality in two Sydney teaching hospitals
Authors: Middleton M. H. , Nazarenko G. , Nivison‐Smith I. , Smerdely P. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Aims: The objectives of the present study were to determine: (i) the prevalence of malnutrition in two Sydney teaching hospitals using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), (ii) the effect of malnutrition on 12‐month mortality and (iii) the proportion of patients previously identified to be at nutritional risk. Methods: A prospective study using SGA to assess nutritional status of eligible inpatients, from April to September 1997, with a 12‐month follow‐up to assess mortality. A total of 819 patients was systematically selected from 2194 eligible patients. Patients were excluded if they were under the age of 18, had dementia or communication difficulties, or were under obstetric or critical care. The main outcome measures were prevalence of malnutrition, 12‐month incidence of mortality, proportion of patients identified with malnutrition, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results: The prevalence rate of malnutrition was 36%. The proportion of malnourished patients was not significantly different between the two hospitals (P = 0.4). The actuarial incidence of mortality at 12 months after assessment was 29.7% in malnourished subjects compared with 10.1% in well‐nourished subjects (P < 0.0005). Malnourished subjects had a significantly longer median LOS (17 days vs 11 days, P < 0.0005) and were significantly older (median 71 years vs 63 years, P < 0.0005) than well‐nourished subjects. Only 36% of the malnourished patients had been previously identified as being at nutritional risk. Conclusions: Malnutrition in Australian hospitals is a continuing health concern and is associated with increased LOS and decreased survival after 12 months. The present study revealed that malnourished patients were not regularly identified. Further studies are required to determine whether routine identification of malnutrition and subsequent nutritional intervention are effective in improving clinical outcomes in these individuals. (Intern Med J 2001; 31: 455–461)
Efficacy and complications of morphine infusions in postoperative paediatric patients
Authors: Esmail Zahra , Montgomery Carolyne , Courtrn Colleen , Hamilton Don , Kestle John 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the incidence of clinically significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in paediatric patients receiving continuous intravenous morphine infusions for acute postoperative pain. Definitions were established for ADRs and data were collected in an immediately retrospective fashion for a maximum of 72 h in 110 patients ≥5 three months of age (0.3–16.7 years) receiving morphine infusions and admitted to a general ward over a three month convenience sampling period. Inadequate analgesia occurred in 65.5% of patients during the first 24 h of therapy and occurred most frequently in patients with infusion rates of 20 μg·kg−1·h−1 or less. Nausea/vomiting was the most commonly experienced ADR (42.5%). The incidence of respiratory depression was 0% (95% CI=0–3.3%). Other ADRs included: urinary retention (13.5%), pruritus (12.7%), dysphoria (7.3%), hypoxaemia (4.5%), discontinuation of morphine for treatment of an ADR (3.6%), and difficulty in arousal (0.9%). The most common ADRs associated with morphine infusions were inadequate analgesia (in the first 24 h) and nausea/vomiting. There were no cases of respiratory depression. Methods of avoiding initial inadequate analgesia and treating nausea and vomiting associated with morphine infusions are needed.
The effect of syringe size on the performance of an infusion pump
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Steward David J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of using three different sized syringes on the accuracy of fluid delivery when using an infusion pump at low infusion rates (1 ml·h−1). The study also measured the influence of the syringe size on the time to occlusion alarm, and on the size of the subsequent bolus dose that might be infused after relief of the occlusion which triggered the alarm. The use of a larger size syringe was found not to affect the accuracy of infusate delivery, but delayed the time to occlusion alarm and increased the size of the postocclusion bolus dose.
Anaesthetic management of an infant with anterior mediastinal mass
Authors: Vas Lakshmi , Naregal Falguni , Naik Veena 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA substantial mediastinal mass in a small infant can create a dilemma regarding the safest mode of airway management. To ensure safety at all times, we adopted one lung ventilation for fear of compression of the carina and/or both main bronchi. Anaesthesia was maintained at a very light plane by the use of local nerve blocks to secure the airway and epidural analgesia for surgery until the tumour was moblized.
The management of extreme hypernatraemia secondary to salt poisoning in an infant
Authors: PAUT O. , ANDRÉ N. , FABRE P. , SOBRAQUÀS P. , DROUET G. , ARDITTI J. , CAMBOULIVES J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryWe describe a five‐week‐old boy who had seizures and extreme hypernatraemia secondary to ingesting an improper home‐made formula. Initial sodium concentration was 211 mmol??l−1. Other clinical and biological features were moderate dehydration and renal insufficiency with generous urine output and high urinary sodium concentration. Fluid therapy with hypotonic dextrose solution corrected the volume deficit in 48 h and progressively decreased the serum sodium concentration. During ICU stay the patient developed recurrent episodes of seizures and pulmonary oedema requiring mechanical ventilation for five days. Recovery was complete with no abnormal sequelae after a ten‐month follow‐up. Salt poisoning is an unusual cause of extreme hypernatraemia. It can be safely managed with fluid therapy alone if urine output is preserved, with progressive decrease of serum sodium as target. If this condition is recognized, outcome should be favourable.