bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inefficacy of F‐18 fluorodeoxy‐D‐glucose‐positron emission tomography scans for initial evaluation in early‐stage cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Wagner Jeffrey D. , Schauwecker Donald , Davidson Darrell , Logan Theodore , Coleman John J. , Hutchins Gary , Love Charlene , Wenck Stacie , Daggy Joanne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of initial F‐18 fluorodeoxy‐D‐glucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scanning for detection of occult lymph node and distant metastases in patients with early‐stage cutaneous melanoma.METHODSThe authors conducted a prospective nonrandomized clinical trial. Inclusion criteria were patients with cutaneous melanoma tumors > 1.0 mm Breslow thickness, local disease recurrence, or solitary intransit metastases without regional lymph or distant metastases by standard clinical evaluation. All patients underwent whole‐body FDG‐PET scanning before surgical therapy. Abnormal PET findings were studied by targeted conventional imaging and/or biopsy. FDG‐PET scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion. Regional lymph node basins were staged by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). PET scan findings in regional lymph nodes were compared with histology of SLNB specimens. Abnormal distant PET scan findings were studied with repeat conventional scan imaging at 3–6 months and were correlated with the first site(s) of clinical disease recurrence. Blinded PET scan findings were correlated with all information to determine sensitivity and specificity.RESULTSThere were 144 assessable patients with a mean tumor depth of 2.8 mm. The median follow‐up for these patients was 41.4 months. Blinded interpretations of FDG‐PET scan images showed that 31 patients (21%) had signs of metastatic disease, 13 patients had probable regional lymph node metastases, and 18 patients had 23 sites of possible distant metastases. SLNB and/or follow‐up demonstrated regional lymph node metastases in 43 of 184 lymph node basins in 40 patients (27.8%). Compared with all clinical information, FDG‐PET scan sensitivity for detection of regional lymph node metastases was 0.21 (95% confidence [CI], 0.10–0.36) and specificity was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93–0.99). No distant sites were confirmed to be true positive by targeted conventional imaging/biopsy at the time of presentation. Thirty‐four patients (23.6%) presented with 54 foci of metastatic disease at initial disease recurrence. FDG‐PET scan sensitivity for prediction of the first site(s) of clinical disease recurrence was 0.11 (95% CI, 0.04–0.23). Excluding patients with brain metastases, FDG‐PET scan sensitivity for detection of occult Stage IV disease in patients was 0.04 (95% CI, 0.001–0.20) and specificity was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.92).CONCLUSIONSFDG‐PET scanning did not impact the care of patients with early‐stage melanoma already staged by standard techniques. Routine FDG‐PET scanning was not recommended for the initial staging evaluation in this population. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Epidemiology and outcomes of serious influenza‐related infections in the cancer population
Authors: Cooksley Catherine D. , Avritscher Elenir B. C. , Bekele Benjamin N. , Rolston Kenneth V. , Geraci Jane M. , Elting Linda S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough patients with cancer generally respond favorably to vaccination, they may not receive annual influenza vaccinations. The current population‐based study described the epidemiology and outcomes of potentially preventable, serious influenza‐related infections in patients with cancer.METHODSFrom the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, the authors created a subsample that included discharges with any International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, diagnosis code for cancer and principal diagnosis code for influenza, bronchopneumonia, or pneumonia caused by an unspecified organism. From the latter two diagnosis codes, the authors estimated excess cases during the influenza season for each year and stratum, then selected a random sample from fall and winter discharges. Subset analyses included weighted sample means, frequencies, and analysis of variance values. The authors converted charges to costs using cost‐to‐charge ratios and inflated these to 2003 U.S. dollars. Hospitalization and mortality rates were calculated using 5‐year cancer prevalence estimates.RESULTSThe estimated mean annual hospital discharges of patients with cancer with potentially preventable, serious influenza‐related infections numbered 16,000. The average length and cost per stay were 6 days and > $6300, respectively. Approximately 9% of patients died in the hospital and 31% needed further skilled care. The estimated age‐specific rates for hospitalization and death per 100,000 in the prevalent cancer population were 219 and 17.4, respectively, for patients age < 65 years and 623 and 59.4, respectively, for those age ≥ 65 years. Hospitalization costs averaged $1300 more for patients age < 65 years.CONCLUSIONSDeath from influenza‐related infections occurred in an estimated 9% of patients with cancer hospitalized for such. Using recommended vaccination schedules for patients with cancer and their contacts reduced hospitalizations, treatment delays, and deaths in this highly susceptible population. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Analysis and experimental verification of the linear correlation of the operation condition among the bifurcation points of current‐mode‐controlled buck–boost converter
Authors: Cheng K. W. Eric , Liu M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe operation parameter of the buck–boost converter is examined for its boundary of the first flip bifurcation. It is found that the parameters exhibit a linear relation for the same parameter at another bifurcation point. The bifurcation parameters also have a linear correlation between them. Theoretical analysis is presented to explain how this can occur. Simulation and experimental results at 20 kHz are used to present these novel results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet‐AI equalization and detection for indoor diffuse infrared wireless systems
Authors: Dickenson R. J. , Ghassemlooy Z. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper briefly reviews motivators for indoor diffuse infrared wireless communications and discusses the difficulties in realizing high data rate implementations. We consider a sub‐set of traditional performance enhancing techniques and compare them with the proposed novel wavelet and artificial intelligence (AI) detection mechanism. Results of computer simulations for both the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer and wavelet–AI receivers are presented that indicate the performance of the wavelet–AI receiver is almost indistinguishable from that of the match filter MMSE receiver. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercellular growth factor signaling and the development of mouse tracheal submucosal glands
Authors: Rawlins Emma L. , Hogan Brigid L.M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo provide a genetic framework for investigating changes in airway submucosal gland function in human respiratory disease, we have investigated their counterparts in normal and mutant mice. We describe their morphogenesis in relation to the expression of genes encoding conserved intercellular signaling pathways. Submucosal glands are severely reduced in number and size in mice heterozygous for Fgf10. Glands are completely absent in mice lacking Ectodysplasin (Eda) and Edaradd (Eda receptor adaptor protein), members of the tumor necrosis (TNF) superfamily of signaling factors. Furthermore, components of the Eda and closely related pathways are transcribed throughout the respiratory system in the adult mouse. Finally, the temporal and spatial pattern of Bmp4 expression suggests that it may control submucosal gland development and homeostasis. Taken together, our observations have important implications for the better understanding of the submucosal gland remodeling that occurs in human respiratory disease. Developmental Dynamics 233:1378–1385, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cells of all somitic compartments are determined with respect to segmental identity
Authors: Fomenou Marlyse Dieuguie , Scaal Martin , Stockdale Frank E. , Christ Bodo , Huang Ruijin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDevelopment of somite cells is orchestrated by two regulatory processes. Differentiation of cells from the various somitic compartments into different anlagen and tissues is regulated by extrinsic signals from neighboring structures such as the notochord, neural tube, and surface ectoderm. Morphogenesis of these anlagen to form specific structures according to the segmental identity of each somite is specified by segment‐specific positional information, based on the Hox‐code. It has been shown that following experimental rotation of presomitic mesoderm or newly formed somites, paraxial mesodermal cells adapt to the altered signaling environment and differentiate according to their new orientation. In contrast, presomitic mesoderm or newly formed somites transplanted to different segmental levels keep their primordial segmental identity and form ectopic structures according to their original position. To determine whether all cells of a segment, including the dorsal and ventral compartment, share the same segmental identity, presomitic mesoderm or newly formed somites were rotated and transplanted from thoracic to cervical level. These experiments show that cells from all compartments of a segment are able to interpret extrinsic local signals correctly, but form structures according to their original positional information and maintain their original Hox expression in the new environment. Developmental Dynamics 233:1386–1393, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An automated in situ hybridization screen in the medaka to identify unknown neural genes
Authors: Deyts Carole , Candal Eva , Joly Jean‐Stephane , Bourrat Franck 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDespite the fact that a large body of factors that play important roles in development are known, there are still large gaps in understanding the genetic pathways that govern these processes. To find previously unknown genes that are expressed during embryonic development, we optimized and performed an automated whole‐mount in situ hybridization screen on medaka embryos at the end of somitogenesis. Partial cDNA sequences were compared against public databases and identified according to similarities found to other genes and gene products. Among 321 isolated genes showing specific expression in the central nervous system in at least one of five stages of development, 55.14% represented genes whose functions are already documented (in fish or other model organisms). Additionally, 16.51% were identified as conserved unknown genes or genes with unknown function. We provide new data on eight of these genes that presented a restricted expression pattern that allowed for formulating testable hypotheses on their developmental roles, and that were homologous to mammalian molecules of unknown function. Thus, gene expression screening in medaka is an efficient tool for isolating new regulators of embryonic development, and can complement genome‐sequencing projects that are producing a high number of genes without ascribed functions. Developmental Dynamics 234:698–708, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macroarray‐based analysis of tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis larvae
Authors: Tazaki Akira , Kitayama Atsushi , Terasaka Chie , Watanabe Kenji , Ueno Naoto , Mochii Makoto 
Published: June 2005

AbstractXenopus larvae possess a remarkable ability to regenerate their tails after they have been severed. To gain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tail regeneration, we performed a cDNA macroarray‐based analysis of gene expression. A Xenopus cDNA macroarray representing 42,240 independent clones was differentially hybridized with probes synthesized from the total RNA of normal and regenerating tails. Temporal expression analysis revealed that the up‐regulated genes could be grouped into early or late responding genes. A comparative expression analysis revealed that most genes showed similar expression patterns between tail development and regeneration. However, some genes showed regeneration‐specific expression. Finally, we identified 48 up‐regulated genes that fell into several categories based on their putative functions. These categories reflect the various processes that take place during regeneration, such as inflammation response, wound healing, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and control of cell structure. Thus, we have identified a panel of genes that appear to be involved in the process of regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 233:1394–1404, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cre‐mediated site‐specific recombination in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Thummel Ryan , Burket Christopher T. , Brewer Jeffrey L. , Sarras Michael P. , Li Li , Perry Martin , McDermott Jeffrey P. , Sauer Brian , Hyde David R. , Godwin Alan R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCre‐mediated site‐specific recombination has become an invaluable tool for manipulation of the murine genome. The ability to conditionally activate gene expression or to generate chromosomal alterations with this same tool would greatly enhance zebrafish genetics. This study demonstrates that the HSP70 promoter can be used to inducibly control expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) –Cre fusion protein. The EGFP–Cre fusion protein is capable of promoting recombination betweenloxsites in injected plasmids or in stably inherited transgenes as early as 2 hr post–heat shock induction. Finally, the levels of Cre expression achieved in a transgenic fish line carrying the HSP70‐EGFP–cretransgene are compatible with viability and both male and female transgenic fish are fertile subsequent to induction of EGFP–Cre expression. Hence, our data suggests that Cre‐mediated recombination is a viable means of manipulating gene expression in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 233:1366–1377, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of initial cardiomyocyte α‐actin—smooth muscle α‐actin—in cultured avian pregastrula epiblast: A role for nodal and BMP antagonist
Authors: Matsui Hiroko , Ikeda Kazuo , Nakatani Kazuki , Sakabe Masahide , Yamagishi Toshiyuki , Nakanishi Toshio , Nakajima Yuji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDuring early cardiogenesis, endoderm‐derived bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces the expression of both heart‐specific transcription factors and sarcomeric proteins. However, BMP antagonists do not inhibit the expression of the “initial heart α‐actin”—smooth muscle α‐actin (SMA)—which is first expressed in the anterior lateral mesoderm and then recruited into the initial myofibrils (Nakajima et al. [2002] Dev. Biol. 245:291–303). Therefore, mechanisms that regulate the expression of SMA in the heart‐forming mesoderm are not well‐understood. Regional explantation experiments using chick blastoderm showed that the posterolateral region of the epiblast differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Posterior epiblast cultured with or without the associated hypoblast showed that interaction between the tissues of these two germ layers at the early pregastrula stage (stages X–XI) was a prerequisite for the expression of SMA. Posterior epiblast that is cultured without hypoblast could also be induced to express SMA if TGF‐β or activin was added to the culture medium. However, neither neutralizing antibodies against TGF‐βs nor follistatin perturbed the expression of SMA in cultured blastoderm. Adding BMP to the cultured blastoderm inhibited the expression of SMA, whereas BMP antagonists, such as chordin, were able to induce the expression of SMA in cultured posterior epiblast. Furthermore, adding lefty‐1, a nodal antagonist, to the blastoderm inhibited the expression of SMA, and nodal plus BMP antagonist up‐regulated the expression of SMA in cultured posterior epiblast. Results indicate that the interaction between the tissues of the posterior epiblast and hypoblast is necessary to initiate the expression of SMA during early cardiogenesis and that nodal and BMP antagonist may play an important role in the regulation of SMA expression. Developmental Dynamics 233:1419–1429, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of arterial‐specific genes by subtractive hybridization reveals molecular heterogeneity among arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Shin Donghun , Anderson David J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractArteries are distinguished from veins by differences in gene expression, as well as in their anatomy and physiology. The characterization of arterial‐ and venous‐specific genes may improve our understanding of cardiovascular development and disease. Here we report the results of a subtractive hybridization screen for arterial‐specific genes, and describe in detail the expression of a novel arterial‐specific gene, Depp (decidual protein induced by progesterone), using a GFP‐Cre knock‐in that permits a comparison of both instantaneous and cumulative expression patterns in situ. Several features of Depp expression are noteworthy. First, Depp is expressed in endothelial cells of peripheral tissues, but not in atrial or ventricular endocardial cells of the heart. Very few genes have been reported to discriminate between these two cell types, and therefore this specificity may be useful in generating conditional mutations in other genes implicated in cardiovascular development. Second, Depp reveals an unexpected degree of molecular heterogeneity among arterial endothelial cells. Third, Depp is up‐regulated in subsets of endothelial cells, in settings of adult neo‐vascularization, including tumor angiogenesis. Taken together, these data reveal unanticipated temporal and spatial heterogeneity among arterial endothelial cells of various tissues and organs, raising new questions regarding the functional significance of this diversity. Developmental Dynamics 233:1589–1604, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish acvr2a and acvr2b exhibit distinct roles in craniofacial development
Authors: Albertson R. Craig , Payne‐Ferreira Tracie L. , Postlethwait John , Yelick Pamela C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo examine the roles of activin type II receptor signaling in craniofacial development, full‐length zebrafish acvr2a and acvr2b clones were isolated. Although ubiquitously expressed as maternal mRNAs and in early embryogenesis, by 24 hr postfertilization (hpf), acvr2a and acvr2b exhibit restricted expression in neural, hindbrain, and neural crest cells (NCCs). A morpholino‐based targeted protein depletion approach was used to reveal discrete functions for each acvr2 gene product. The acvr2a morphants exhibited defects in the development of most cranial NCC‐derived cartilage, bone, and pharyngeal tooth structures, whereas acvr2b morphant defects were largely restricted to posterior arch structures and included the absence and/or aberrant migration of posterior NCC streams, defects in NCC‐derived posterior arch cartilages, and dysmorphic pharyngeal tooth development. These studies revealed previously uncharacterized roles for acvr2a and acvr2b in hindbrain and NCC patterning, in NCC derived pharyngeal arch cartilage and joint formation, and in tooth development. Developmental Dynamics 233:1405–1418, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JAM‐A expression during embryonic development
Authors: Parris James J. , Cooke Vesselina G. , Skarnes William C. , Duncan Melinda K. , Naik Ulhas P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily play an important role in embryonic development. We have shown recently that JAM‐A, a member of this family expressed at endothelial and epithelial tight junctions, is involved in platelet activation, leukocyte transmigration, and angiogenesis. Here, we determine the expression pattern of the JAM‐A gene during embryogenesis using transgenic mice expressing lacZ under the control of the endogenous JAM‐A promoter. Histochemical staining for β‐galactosidase in heterozygous mouse embryos was first seen in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of the blastocyst. By 8.5 days post coitum (dpc), JAM‐A gene activity was detected in the endoderm and part of the surface ectoderm. At 9.5 dpc, JAM‐A expression began to localize to certain organ systems, most notably the developing inner ear and early vasculature. Localization of JAM‐A to embryonic vasculature was confirmed by double‐staining with antibodies against JAM‐A and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1, a known endothelial cell marker. As organogenesis progressed, high levels of JAM‐A expression continued in the epithelial component of the inner ear as well as the epithelium of the developing skin, olfactory system, lungs, and kidneys. In addition, JAM‐A gene activity was found in the developing liver, choroid plexuses, and gut tubes. Immunofluorescent staining with a JAM‐A antibody was performed to confirm that expression of the JAM‐A–β‐galactosidase fusion protein accurately represented endogenous JAM‐A protein. Thus, JAM‐A is prominently expressed in embryonic vasculature and the epithelial components of several organ systems and may have an important role in their development. Developmental Dynamics 233:1517–1524, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic expression of murine 5T4 oncofoetal antigen is associated with morphogenetic events at implantation and in developing epithelia
Authors: Barrow Katie M. , Ward Christopher M. , Rutter Jennifer , Ali Sumia , Stern Peter L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOverexpression of 5T4 oncofoetal antigen, an early marker of ES cell differentiation, in vitro increases cellular motility and decreases adhesion, properties relevant to development and cancer. Embryonic expression of m5T4 antigen is first detected on trophectoderm at implantation and is restricted to extra‐embryonic tissues to embryonic day (E) 11.5. In the embryo, significant m5T4 expression is detected at E12.5 in hindbrain roofplate and in various epithelia derived from all germ layers. In keratin 14‐expressing epithelia, there is a congruent 5T4 expression pattern with many of these cells being Ki‐67 positive. In brain, expression is observed in roofplate, ependymal layers, choroid plexus, and subventricular zones of lateral ventricles at E14.5. By E17.5, expression is decreased in the subventricular zone with further restriction to choroid plexus in adult brain. Our data demonstrate a limited 5T4 expression profile during embryogenesis associated with actively cycling, undifferentiated epithelial progenitor cells that may contribute to their migration. Developmental Dynamics 233:1535–1545, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joint development in Xenopus laevis and induction of segmentations in regenerating froglet limb (spike)
Authors: Satoh Akira , Suzuki Makoto , Amano Takanori , Tamura Koji , Ide Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn Xenopus laevis, amputation of the adult limb results in the formation of a simple (hypomorphic) spike‐like structure without joints, although tadpole limb bud regenerates complete limb pattern. The expression of some joint marker genes was examined in limb development and regeneration. Bmp‐4 and gdf‐5 were expressed and sox‐9 expression was decreased in the joint region. Although developing cartilages were well‐organized and had bmp‐4 expressing perichondrocytes, the spike cartilage did not have such a structure, but only showed sparse bmp‐4 expression. Application of BMP4‐soaked beads to the spike led to the induction of a joint‐like structure. These results suggest that the lack of joints in the spike is due to the deficiency of the accumulation of the cells that express bmp‐4. Improvement of regeneration in the Xenopus adult limb that we report here for the first time will give us important insights into epimorphic regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 233:1444–1453, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.