bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of GTR‐regenerated periodontal attachment to ligature‐induced periodontitis
Authors: Kostopoulos Lambros , Karring Thorkild 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAim: This study aimed to compare the susceptibility of guided tissue regeneration (GTR)‐regenerated periodontal attachment to ligature‐induced periodontitis with that of the pristine periodontium.Methods: Periodontal breakdown was produced in four monkeys by the placement of orthodontic elastics around experimental teeth (test teeth). During a flap operation, the root surfaces were scaled and planed, and a notch indicating the apical termination of scaling and root planing was made in the root surface. Following resection of the crowns and endodontic treatment, an e‐PTFE membrane was adapted over the roots. Subsequently, the flaps were sutured to complete closure of the wound (submerged). At membrane removal after 5 weeks, the crowns of the contralateral teeth serving as controls were resected, and the roots treated endodontically during a flap operation. Artificial composite crowns were then placed on both test and control roots. After 3 months of tooth cleaning, cotton floss ligatures were placed passively around both test and control teeth for a period of 6 months. Two weeks later the animals were sacrificed.Results: Histological analysis demonstrated that the instrumented root surfaces of the test teeth were covered by newly formed cementum of the reparative, cellular, extrinsic and intrinsic fiber type, while the cementum on the controls was mainly acellular extrinsic fiber cementum. Histometric assessments demonstrated that similar attachment loss had occurred on test (1.0±0.5 mm) and control roots (1.0±0.4 mm) during the 6 months of ligature‐induced plaque accumulation.Conclusion: The results indicate that teeth with a periodontal attachment apparatus formed by GTR is not more susceptible to periodontitis than those with a pristine periodontium.
Midodrine treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Naschitz J , Dreyfuss D , Yeshurun D , Rosner I 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The long term results of midodrine treatment in a patient having debilitating chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are reported. Midodrine treatment, directed at the autonomic nervous system, resulted in correction of the dysautonomia followed by improvement of fatigue. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that dysautonomia plays a major part in the pathophysiology of CFS and that therapies directed at the autonomic nervous system may be effective in the treatment of CFS.
Analgesia for patients with advanced disease: 2
Authors: Hall E J , Sykes N P 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
The first article in this series explored epidemiology and patterns of pain in advanced disease, non-pharmacological treatments, and the use of opioids to manage pain. This second article examines the use of non-opioid drugs and anaesthetic interventions for pain relief in advanced disease. It also discusses an approach to managing analgesia in dying patients and finally looks at future developments.
Optimal B-cell proliferation requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase–dependent inactivation of FOXO transcription factors
Authors: Yusuf Isharat , Zhu Xiaocui , Kharas Michael G. , Chen Jing , Fruman David A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTranscription factors of the Forkhead Box, class O (FOXO) family promote cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Mitogenic stimuli inactivate FOXO function by way of an evolutionarily conserved pathway involving the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream effector, Akt. Although PI3K activation is required for B-lymphocyte proliferation, it is not known whether PI3K-dependent inactivation of FOXO proteins is important for cell-cycle progression and survival of these cells. Here, we show that B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement triggers PI3K-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear export of FOXO1. Furthermore, forced expression of PI3K-independent variants of FOXO1 or FOXO3a in activated B cells induces partial arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle and increases apoptosis. These findings establish that FOXO inactivation is a functionally important consequence of PI3K signaling in primary B cells.
Reduction of the inhibitory antibody response to human factor VIII in hemophilia A mice by mutagenesis of the A2 domain B-cell epitope
Authors: Parker Ernest T. , Healey John F. , Barrow Rachel T. , Craddock Heather N. , Lollar Pete 
Published: April 2004

AbstractApproximately 25% of patients with hemophilia A develop inhibitory antibodies after treatment with factor VIII. Most of the inhibitory activity is directed against epitopes in the A2 and C2 domains. Anti-A2 inhibitory antibodies recognize a 25-residue segment bounded by R484-I508. Several antigenic residues in this segment have been identified, including R484, R489, and P492. The immunogenicity of purified recombinant B domain–deleted (BDD) human factor VIII molecules containing mutations at R484A/R489A or R484A/R489A/P492A was studied in hemophilia A mice. Inhibitory antibody titers in mice receiving the R484A/R489A/P492A mutant, but not the R484A/R489A mutant, were significantly lower than in mice receiving control human BDD factor VIII. The specific coagulant activity and the in vivo clearance and hemostatic efficacy in hemophilia A mice of the R484A/R489A/P492A mutant were indistinguishable from human BDD factor VIII. Thus, the inhibitory antibody response to human factor VIII can be reduced by mutagenesis of a B-cell epitope without apparent loss of function, suggesting that this approach may be useful for developing a safer form of factor VIII in patients with hemophilia A.
Dexamethasone enhances LPS induction of tissue factor expression in human monocytic cells by increasing tissue factor mRNA stability
Authors: Reddy K Veera , Bhattacharjee Gourab , Schabbauer Gernot , Hollis Angela , Kempf Kevin , Tencati Michael , O'Connell Maria , Guha Mausumee , Mackman Nigel 
Published: April 2004

AbstractGlucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (Dex), are used clinically in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. Dex acts by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). It is surprising that Dex enhances bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of tissue factor (TF) expression in human monocytic cells. TF is a transmembrane glycoprotein that activates the coagulation protease cascade. In this study, we analyze the mechanism by which Dex enhances LPS-induced TF expression in human monocytic cells. We found that Dex reduced LPS-induced TF gene transcription but increased the stability of TF mRNA. Dex decreased the stability of MCP-1 mRNA and did not affect TNF-α mRNA stability. Finally, we showed that Dex increased the stability of a transcript consisting of the final 297 nucleotides of the TF mRNA in in vitro decay assays. This region contains AU-rich elements that regulate mRNA stability and may mediate the Dex response. Therefore, despite an inhibition of TF gene transcription, Dex enhances TF expression in human monocytic cells by increasing the stability of TF mRNA.
Changes in Circulating and Testicular Levels of Inhibin A and B and Activin A During Postnatal Development in the Rat
Authors: Buzzard Jeremy J. , Loveland Kate L. , O’Bryan Moira K. , O’Connor Anne E. , Bakker Marilyn , Hayashi Tetsuo , Wreford Nigel G. , Morrison John R. , de Kretser David M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study describes the testicular levels of inhibin/activin subunits by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization and serum and testicular levels of inhibins A and B and activin A by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) during postnatal development in the rat. We show that serum inhibin A levels are less than 4 pg/ml throughout postnatal life. Serum inhibin B levels peak at 572 ± 119 pg/ml (mean ± se) at d 40 post partum (pp) before falling to 182 ± 35 pg/ml in mature males. Serum activin A decreases from 294 ± 29 pg/ml at d 6 to 132 ± 27 pg/ml at maturity. Within the testis, inhibin A levels fall from 0.330 ± 0.108 ng/g at d 15 to less than 0.004 ng/g at maturity. Inhibin B levels peak at 43.9 ± 4.2 ng/g at d 6 before falling to 1.6 ± 0.13 ng/g at maturity. Testicular activin A levels fall from 18.6 ± 2.2 ng/g at d 6 to 0.094 ± 0.013 ng/g at maturity. Northern profiles of testicular inhibin/activin subunits correlate with immunoreactive levels demonstrated by ELISA. In situ hybridization suggests that βA and βB subunit expression is largely restricted to the seminiferous tubule, particularly Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes. These data support the view that inhibin B is the major inhibin in the male rat and that levels relate to Sertoli cell number and activity. Furthermore, the demonstration of high local concentrations of activin A during the period of Sertoli cell proliferation and the onset of spermatogenesis support its proposed role because a modulator of testicular development and function.
Expression of Aromatase and Steroidogenic Factor 1 in the Lung of the Urodele Amphibian Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Kuntz Sandra , Chardard Dominique , Chesnel Amand , Ducatez Mariette , Callier Martine , Flament Stephane 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
We report here the results of the analysis of aromatase and steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1) expression in adult lung of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Using RT-PCR experiments, we show the expression of the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme, aromatase, in this organ. In the lung, no significant difference between males and females was observed in the level of aromatase mRNAs. Aromatase mRNA levels were also identical to those found in the brain or the testis, but the levels were 2-fold lower than in the ovary. Aromatase activity measurements revealed the presence of an active form of aromatase in the lung, which was similar in males and females. There was no difference in the level of aromatase activity between lung, brain, and testis, but a higher activity was measured in the ovary (13.7-fold compared with testis). Therefore, the differences in aromatase mRNA level between the ovary and the other organs did not mirror the differences in aromatase activity, suggesting the involvement of posttranslational events. Aromatase was also expressed in the lung of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis. In Pleurodeles lung, Sf1 mRNAs were also detected. There was no difference between males and females in the level of these mRNAs. The Sf1 mRNA levels were not significantly different from those measured in the brain, but a significant 2.1-fold higher level of expression was found in the gonads. These results demonstrate clearly the expression of steroidogenic markers in the adult lung of amphibians, but the biological significance of this remains to be determined.
The Stringer System — A Truss Model of Membrane Shells for Analysis and Design of Boundary Conditions
Authors: Almegaard Henrik 
Published: April 2004

This paper deals with the problem: What sort of boundary conditions are to be prescribed on the edge of a shell that is to be in a statically determinate membrane state? Triangulated single layer trusses have been suggested as a model for membrane shells by (Calladine 1983) and have been investigated by (Szabo and Tarnai 1992). However, these efforts have not solved the problem completely. The paper presents a triangular single layer truss system – the stringer system – which differs from the above mentioned models in two ways: the systematic topology makes it relatively simple to control whether or not the system is statically and geometrically/kinematically determinate, the geometry corresponds to the curvature of the considered surface and ensures that the system can be applied as a valid static and geometric model for the membrane shell. In most cases, the stringer system regarded as a static model of membrane shells leads to the same results as the theory of partial differential equations, as investigated by (Tarnai 1980a, 1981, 1983). However, some new boundary conditions for shells with positive and zero Gaussian curvature have been found and the types of supports and the connection between statical and geometrical determinacy have been further generalised. The paper is based on parts of the Ph.D. Thesis by (Almegaard 2003).
Injectable‐Hydrogel‐Based Tissue Sealant for Hemostasis, Bacteria Inhibition, and Pro‐Angiogenesis in Organ Bleeding Wounds and Therapeutic Outcome Monitoring Via NIR‐II Optical Imaging
Authors: Sun Lihe , Ouyang Juan , She Zunpan , Li Rong , Zeng Fang , Yao Zhicheng , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSudden hemorrhage stemming from internal organ wounds poses a grave and potentially fatal risk if left untreated. Injectable‐hydrogel‐based tissue sealants featuring multiple actions, including fit‐to‐shape in situ gelation, rapid hemostasis, pro‐angiogenic, anti‐bacterial and outcome tracking, are ideal for the management of organ trauma wounds. Herein, an injectable‐hydrogel tissue sealant AN@CD‐PEG&TQ which consists of four‐arm 4‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐SC) succinimidyl carbonate), AN@CD nanoprobe, and two bioactive peptides (anti‐microbial peptide Tet213 and pro‐angiogenic peptide QK) is developed. Among them, AN@CD nanoparticles form through host/guest complexation of amino‐group‐containing β‐cyclodextrin and adamantyl group, enabling in situ biomarker (NO)‐activatable optoacoustic/NIR‐II: Near‐infrared second biological window fluorescent imaging. The ample ─NH2 groups on the surface of AN@CD readily engage in rapid cross‐linking with succinimidyl ester groups located at the ends of four‐arm PEG‐SC. This cross‐linking expedites the gelation process without necessitating additional initiators or cross‐linking agents; thus, significantly enhancing both hydrogel's application convenience and biocompatibility. Bioactive peptides (Tet213 and QK) safeguard against possible bacterial infections, facilitate angiogenesis, and eventually, improve organ wounds healing. This hydrogel‐based tissue sealant demonstrates superior therapeutic and bioimaging performance in various mouse models including liver hemorrhage, gastric perforation, and bacterial‐infected skin wound mouse models, highlighting its potential as a high‐performance wound sealant for organ bleeding wound management.
Highly Flexible, High‐Performance, and Stretchable Piezoelectric Sensor Based on a Hierarchical Droplet‐Shaped Ceramics with Enhanced Damage Tolerance
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Tao Yong , Wang Zhenxing , Zeng Hanmin , Yang Junxiao , Li Yuan , Zhao Senfeng , Tang Peiyuan , Zhang Jianxun , Yan Mingyang , Wang Qingping , Zhou Kechao , Zhang Dou , Xie Hui , Zhang Yan , Bowen Chris 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStretchable self‐powered sensors are of significant interest in next‐generation wearable electronics. However, current strategies for creating stretchable piezoelectric sensors based on piezoelectric polymers or 0–3 piezoelectric composites face several challenges such as low piezoelectric activity, low sensitivity, and poor durability. In this paper, a biomimetic soft‐rigid hybrid strategy is used to construct a new form of highly flexible, high‐performance, and stretchable piezoelectric sensor. Inspired by the hinged bivalve Cristaria plicata, hierarchical droplet‐shaped ceramics are manufactured and used as rigid components, where computational models indicate that the unique arched curved surface and rounded corners of this bionic structure can alleviate stress concentrations. To ensure electrical connectivity of the piezoelectric phase during stretching, a patterned liquid metal acts as a soft circuit and a silicone polymer with optimized wettability and stretchability serves as a soft component that forms a strong mechanical interlock with the hierarchical ceramics. The novel sensor design exhibits excellent sensitivity and durability, where the open circuit voltage remains stable after 5000 stretching cycles at 60% strain and 5000 twisting cycles at 180°. To demonstrate its potential in heathcare applications, this new stretchable sensor is successfully used for wireless gesture recognition and assessing the progression of knee osteoarthritis.
Sunlight‐Activated Hour‐Long Afterglow from Transparent and Flexible Polymers
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Zhang Peng , Liu Zhen , Yan Wenqing , Gao Haiyang , Liang Guodong , Qin Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAfterglow materials featuring long emission durations ranging from milliseconds to hours have garnered increasing interest owing to their potential applications in sensing, bioimaging, and anti‐counterfeiting. Unfortunately, polymeric materials rarely exhibit afterglow properties under ambient conditions because of the rapid nonradiative decay rate of triplet excitons. In this study, hour‐long afterglow (HLA) polymer films are fabricated using a facile molecular doping strategy. Flexible and transparent polymer films emitted a bright afterglow lasting over 11 h at room temperature in air, which is one of the best performances among the organic afterglow materials reported to date. Intriguingly, HLA polymer films can be activated by sunlight, and their cyan afterglow in air can be readily observed by the naked eye. Moreover, the HLA color of the polymer films could be tuned from cyan to red through the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. Their application in flexible displays and information storage has also been demonstrated. With remarkable advantages, including an hour‐long and bright afterglow, tunable afterglow colors, superior flexibility and transparency, and ease of fabrication, the HLA polymer paves the way for the practical application of afterglow materials in the engineering sector.
Dendrite Growth—Microstructure—Stress—Interrelations in Garnet Solid‐State Electrolyte
Authors: Raj Vikalp , Naik Kaustubh G. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Rana Ajeet Kumar , Manning Andrew Scott , Mahapatra Smruti Rekha , Varun KR , Singh Vipin , Nigam Abhineet , McBrayer Josefine D. , Mukherjee Partha P. , Aetukuri Naga Phani B. , Mitlin David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study illustrates how the microstructure of garnet solid‐state electrolytes (SSE) affects the stress‐state and dendrite growth. Tantalum‐doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZTO, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12) is synthesized by powder processing and sintering (AS), or with the incorporation of intermediate‐stage high‐energy milling (M). The M compact displays higher density (91.5% vs 82.5% of theoretical), and per quantitative stereology, lower average grain size (5.4 ± 2.6 vs 21.3 ± 11.1 µm) and lower AFM‐derived RMS surface roughness contacting the Li metal (45 vs 161 nm). These differences enable symmetric M cells to electrochemically cycle at constant capacity (0.1 mAh cm−2) with enhanced critical current density (CCD) of 1.4 versus 0.3 mA cm−2. It is demonstrated that LLZTO grain size distribution and internal porosity critically affect electrical short‐circuit failure, indicating the importance of electronic properties. Lithium dendrites propagate intergranularly through regions where LLZTO grains are smaller than the bulk average (7.4 ± 3.8 µm for AS in a symmetric cell, 3.1 ± 1.4 µm for M in a half‐cell). Metal also accumulates in the otherwise empty pores of the sintered compact present along the dendrite path. Mechanistic modeling indicates that reaction and stress heterogeneities are interrelated, leading to current focusing and preferential plating at grain boundaries.
Thallus hydrophobicity: A low‐cost method for understanding lichen ecophysiological responses to environmental changes
Authors: Koch Natália Mossmann , Díaz Dominguez Raúl , Fávaro Ana , Stanton Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPremiseMethods to evaluate lichen thalli hydrophobicity have previously been described, but only recently has hydrophobicity been shown to be an important functional trait related to water regulation dynamics that could be used to predict future climate change effects. We describe a novel protocol to measure lichen thallus hydrophobicity that aims to be an easier and more affordable approach.Methods and ResultsOur protocol requires only a micropipette, distilled water, a tripod, and a smartphone or camera. Hydrophobicity is inferred from multiple metrics associated with the absorption times of standardized droplets (initial and total absorption time). We used a data set of 93 lichen taxa with different growth forms and from different biomes and demonstrated that this method is well suited for capturing different levels of hydrophobicity, including very hydrophilic species.ConclusionsOur results show that this new protocol to measure lichen hydrophobicity is a rapid and low‐cost method to assess an ecophysiologically based functional trait that can be used with almost no limitations, including in different climates, lichen species, and growth forms.
Modeling multivariate positive‐valued time series using R‐INLA
Authors: Dutta Chiranjit , Ravishanker Nalini , Basu Sumanta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we describe fast Bayesian statistical analysis of vector positive‐valued time series, with application to interesting financial data streams. We discuss a flexible level correlated model (LCM) framework for building hierarchical models for vector positive‐valued time series. The LCM allows us to combine marginal gamma distributions for the positive‐valued component responses, while accounting for association among the components at a latent level. We introduce vector autoregression evolution of the latent states, deriving its precision matrix and enabling its estimation using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) for fast approximate Bayesian modeling via the R‐INLA package, building custom functions to handle this setup. We use the proposed method to model interdependencies between intraday volatility measures from several stock indexes.
Discovering the strength of immunometabolism in cancer therapy: Employing metabolic pathways to enhance immune responses
Authors: Huldani Huldani , Malviya Jitendra , Rodrigues Paul , Hjazi Ahmed , Deorari Maha Medha , Al‐Hetty Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem , Qasim Qutaiba A. , Alasheqi Mohammed Qasim , Ihsan Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunometabolism, which studies cellular metabolism and immune cell function, is a possible cancer treatment. Metabolic pathways regulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions, crucial to tumor identification and elimination. Immune evasion and tumor growth can result from tumor microenvironment metabolic dysregulation. These metabolic pathways can boost antitumor immunity. This overview discusses immune cell metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Amino acid and lipid metabolic manipulations may improve immune cell activity and antitumor immunity. Combination therapy using immunometabolism‐based strategies may enhance therapeutic efficacy. The complexity of the metabolic network, biomarker development, challenges, and future approaches are all covered, along with a summary of case studies demonstrating the effectiveness of immunometabolism‐based therapy. Metabolomics, stable isotope tracing, single‐cell analysis, and computational modeling are also reviewed for immunometabolism research. Personalized and combination treatments are considered. This review adds to immunometabolism expertise and sheds light on metabolic treatments' ability to boost cancer treatment immunological response. Also, in this review, we discussed the immune response in cancer treatment and altering metabolic pathways to increase the immune response against malignancies.