bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Erasure
Authors: Hamer Kenneth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into disciplinary cases that showcase how legislation permitted an application for voluntary erasure from the register. When a registrant is subject to ongoing fitness to practise proceedings, most regulators, like the General Medical Council, guide the factors that will be taken into account by the registrar when considering an application for voluntary removal from the register. The authorities recognize a balance is required to be struck between the public interest and the practitioner’s interests. Moreover, healthcare regulators have an overarching objective to promote and maintain public confidence in the profession and to promote and maintain proper professional standards and conduct by members of that profession. The chapter cites how decision-makers should assess the seriousness of the allegations and whether it would undermine public confidence in the profession if they were not fully investigated.
Fieldwork
Authors: Santos Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Within the Colombian government’s strategy to reduce extreme poverty, Red Unidos (United Network) stands out. As part of this network, thousands of caseworkers travel across the country to survey families in vulnerable situations, evaluate their situation based on 45 social indicators, and provide advice and support so that they may take advantage of available State social services. Red Unidos is a true “social army” that brings social policy to the ground and ensures that State assistance reaches those who need it. During special sessions called “Caseworker for a Day,” chief executive officers (CEOs) from large companies in the country, national and local State officials, and diplomats and representatives of multilateral organizations joined this social army, which increased social awareness among the private sector and international cooperations. The chapter includes the story of Valeriano Domínguez and his family, who won a home in the free housing program. This is an example of how Red Unidos caseworkers’ work can help improve a household’s living conditions. The chapter emphasizes the importance of considering the fight against poverty as an issue that involves society as a whole, not just the government and public entities. The fight against poverty requires leadership both from the public sector and the private sector, coordinated efforts, and personal and direct contact with the poor and their living conditions.
Epilogue
Authors: Santos Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
After making important progress on reducing poverty and inequality, Juan Manuel Santos’s second term of office concluded in August 2018, but his administration ensured the continuity of its main social and reconciliation programs. Programs such as the comprehensive early childhood care program, the conditional assistance program to encourage children’s school attendance and nutritional check-ups, and programs that help large swaths of the population across the country’s territory access social benefits now that the peace agreement is signed with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), are now national laws and State policies. In this way, they are not at risk of being discontinued due to political whims. The Colombian Multidimensional Poverty Index continues to be an instrument of reference for new national development plans and the measurement of progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Much remains to be done, and the outlook is still challenging—the Iván Duque administration between 2018 and 2022 did not prioritize social policy nor the consolidation of peace, and the COVID-19 pandemic led to major setbacks—but Colombia continues to advance surefootedly toward the goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030. The election of a new administration, led by Gustavo Petro, who promises to fully implement the peace agreement, combat poverty, and work for the environment, opens up space for hope.
Individuality in an Age of Reproduction
Authors: Zwicker Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhen European collectors began purchasing Japanese woodblock prints in the mid-nineteenth century, ukiyo-e prints came to be understood within the logic of European artistic conventions that prized originality. For collectors and connoisseurs, the prints of the nineteenth century, in particular, posed a problem: actor images from this period were premised on a method that foregrounded the recognition of the actor across various printed media and regardless of the print designer, leading to a style that was often criticized as manneristic. Using the writings on composition of the print designer Utagawa Toyokuni as a starting point, “Individuality in an Age of Reproduction” re-examines the history of nineteenth-century actor images in woodblock prints and printed books to explore how ideas of individuality and distinctiveness changed across the nineteenth century and how the emergence of photographic images of actors fit within a longer history of actor prints.
Citizenship Resounding
Authors: Stokes Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers a new theorization of music and citizenship through three extended case studies. Musicology has been making efforts for decades to think beyond the sovereign subject of liberalism, beyond Whiteness, and beyond able-bodiedness. But the complex of thinking around heroism, “greatness,” and Whiteness in music in relation to citizenship has proved notoriously hard to unravel beyond the professional academic core. The soundworlds of collectivity—of crowds and social movements—continue to be hard to describe, at least, with reference to our habitual ways of describing and analyzing music. The case studies focus on iconic figures, scenes, and soundworlds in Egypt, the United Kingdom, and Turkey—“The citizen on his bike,” “the citizen in the crowd,” and “the citizen in the square,” respectively—with these critical ends in mind. The key to these extremely complex scenes of citizenship-making, the chapter argues, lies in music, which helps us understand something important about the mobilization of citizenly iconography, its transmission, its mediation, and its affective and temporal dynamics.
From Coppola to Cage
Authors: Schonfeld Zach 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers untold details of Nicolas Cage’s high school years at Beverly Hills High, where he starred in school productions of The Crucible and Oklahoma!, as well as his little-seen screen debut in a failed television pilot called The Best of Times (1981). The chapter examines Cage’s film debut in the 1982 teen classic Fast Times at Ridgemont High, in which he had a small, non-speaking role and was teased by fellow cast members for being Francis Ford Coppola’s nephew. The chapter reveals how Cage’s treatment on the set of Fast Times led to his decision to relinquish the Coppola name, and explores the veiled meaning of Cage’s chosen name, with its dual references to superhero Luke Cage and composer John Cage—representing opposing poles of Cage’s filmography.
Uncle Francis
Authors: Schonfeld Zach 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Nicolas Cage’s conflicted relationship with his uncle Francis Ford Coppola. In the 1980s, Cage resented living in the shadow of his uncle’s fame and fortune, yet benefited from roles in his uncle’s movies. This chapter delves into the tumultuous making of three Coppola films featuring early Cage performances: Rumble Fish (1983), The Cotton Club (1984), and Peggy Sue Got Married (1986). In Rumble Fish, Cage gave an early performance in one of his uncle’s most polarizing films. In the infamously troubled The Cotton Club, Cage portrayed the role of a vicious gangster and was so determined to remain in character that he behaved erratically on set, trashing his trailer and damaging period cars. And in Peggy Sue Got Married, Cage alarmed his co-stars by delivering his dialogue in a nasal voice modeled after a Claymation horse from Gumby. This chapter explores how Cage’s bizarre performance in Peggy Sue Got Married signaled his evolution from realism toward a more surrealistic and impressionistic style of acting.
Cage and the Curious Case of the Big Rubber Nose
Authors: Schonfeld Zach 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Nicolas Cage’s odd appearances in two largely forgotten low-budget films: the teen sex comedy Never on Tuesday (1989) and the critically panned neo-noir Deadfall (1993). In Never on Tuesday, Cage appeared in a brief cameo as a strange man with a rubber nose, creating a character so bizarre that it became a topic of viral internet fascination thirty years later. In Deadfall—directed by his brother, Christopher Coppola—Cage gave a chaotic, unwieldy performance seemingly inspired by Andy Kaufman’s belligerent alter-ego, Tony Clifton. Cage essentially went rogue in Deadfall, to his brother’s great frustration and bewilderment. This chapter chronicles the stories behind each film and argues that both films are a revealing glimpse into how Cage thinks about the push-and-pull between creativity and commerce. When appearing in low-stakes, low-pay projects, he feels emboldened to pursue his wildest ideas. Never on Tuesday and Deadfall are both relatively straightforward genre exercises—one a teen comedy, the other a neo-noir—blown off their axes by eccentric, scenery-chewing Cage performances.
Culture Wars
Authors: Anil Pratinav 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at how the nationalist Muslims fared in the Constituent Assembly, showing how depoliticization became the order of the day. Everywhere, nationalist Muslims beat a retreat. In the assembly they led the effort to rescind separate electorates and reservations for Muslims and retain simple plurality voting, whose distorting effects, to the detriment of minorities, were well known to lawmakers. But the political realm was one thing, the legal realm quite another. At a time when Islamic laws were being torn up, or radically rewritten at the very least, across the Muslim world—in Pakistan, Tunisia, and the United Arab Republic especially—in India, Muslim personal law remained untouched. This reflected the preference of the nationalist Muslims, for whom there existed a neat separation between the political and cultural. The former needed to be relinquished, the latter defended.
Pressure Politics
Authors: Anil Pratinav 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter charts the rise and fall of the Majlis-e-Mushāwarat, the most important Muslim outfit of the sixties and seventies. If disunity had been the Achilles’ heel of Muslim politics throughout the Nehruvian period, at its close Congressmen and Leaguers, clerics and lay politicians, nationalists and Islamists, all concluded that the chasms between them, in fact, counted for very little. More united than divided them. The nationalist Muslims were beginning to grow impatient with the Hindu leadership; Leaguers were never particularly hot-headed to begin with. The maulanas and career politicians were agreed on the need to protect the sharia. India’s Islamists were in fact rather conventional nationalists; nationalist Muslims were not above exceptionalist pretentions. They all broadly shared in what could be called an Indian Muslim ideology. Here, then, lay the justification for the birth of the Mushāwarat. But impulses to unity came on sufferance. A concatenation of crises accelerated this belated appreciation, the most important of which was Nehru’s death in May 1964. Hindu prejudice played a part, too, as did trouble brewing in the borderlands; the underrepresentation of Muslims in the services; the short shrift given to the Urdu language; and the sharp increase in violence against Muslims.
‘Every Day I Witness Nightmares’
Authors: Gupta Diya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter Two considers emotions associated with hunger arising from the Bengal Famine of 1943 and 1944. It assesses Bengali photojournalist Sunil Janah’s images alongside soldiers’ letters and Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s Bengali novel Ashani Sanket (Intimations of Thunder, 1944–1946), and analyzes famine-related Bengali modernist poetry by Sukanta Bhattacharya and Samar Sen. The chapter focuses on how starvation is imagined, witnessed, and represented, and argues that letter-writing and literary texts read alongside each other yield new meaning to the emotions of hunger in the homeland. These include highlighting the role played by the body in famine writing, and how this enables us to inhabit the subjective experiences of a soldier on an international battlefront hearing about famine, a Bengali village character experiencing famine in a novel, and a civilian poet and emergency relief provider on the streets of Calcutta witnessing famine. Middle Eastern and North African battlefronts, Bengal’s rural spaces and the streets of Calcutta, then, form new connections in this reading. The chapter looks at how hunger is registered in the novel, and how Bengali poetry is remade by new imagery. It concludes by discussing how, in the midst of catastrophic death, communities of knowledge and empathy are formed.
Changing Drinking Habits in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Matthee Rudi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter Seven documents the changes in consumption of alcoholic drinks for Iran in the Qajar period, as the country was being incorporated into the global market by way of trade, taste, and table manners. While unbridled drinking persisted among many provincial power holders, “modern” “freethinkers” increasingly spurned religious strictures and flaunted their modernity by flouting the Islamic law. The royal court, meanwhile, lacking religious legitimacy, sobered up or at least took its consumption indoors.
Alcohol in the Modern Age New Drinks and Drinking Customs
Authors: Matthee Rudi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter Eight discusses modern drinking in the Arab world with a focus on North Africa, Egypt, Iraq, and Yemen. With the arrival of (colonial) modernity came a widening gap between class and status groups reflected in a growing segregation in terms of drinks and venues. Islamists and nationalists alike came to identify alcohol with Western debauchery and decadence. The transition from religious rejection to health concern continued, Western-inspired temperance movements were founded, and the challenge of how to balance the formal proscription of alcohol and its irresistible lure as part of a global culture based on youth, fun, and freedom became more acute than ever.
Conclusion
Authors: Matthee Rudi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The conclusion sums up the various themes discussed in the book, arguing that, whereas the traditional Islamic Middle East was indeed capacious, willing to accommodate drinking so long as it did not disturb the social order, modern Muslim societies, whose members still engage in motivated reasoning to justify drinking, continue to struggle with the paradox of how far to go in censoring a commodity that is at once illicit and irrepressible. The “live and let live” mindset, the capacity for ambiguity that had marked premodern Muslim life got lost and became overwhelmed by full-fledged denial-cum hypocrisy, part willful amnesia, part oblivion.
Introduction
Authors: Jamal Ahmad Shuja , Maley William 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the body of the book and opens with a discussion of the evolution of Afghanistan as a territorial unit and a political system, making the point that Afghanistan’s complex society cannot easily be captured in simplistic tropes. The chapter goes on to discuss how a Communist coup in April 1978 destabilized the country, setting the scene for decades of instability culminating in the overthrow of the Taliban regime in 2001. It gives a brief account of the rise of the Afghan Republic in 2001, and its fall to the Taliban in 2021 following the US decision to exit Afghanistan. It concludes by outlining the structure of the book, and makes the point that it does not offer a single theory to explain decline and fall, but rather identifies contributing factors.
Mussolini’s Power as Leader
Authors: Williamson Peter J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the power Mussolini enjoyed as Prime Minister and the constraints that he faced as a personal dictator. It sets out how, formally, Mussolini had considerable power and enjoyed deference from colleagues but that an excessive desire for personal control and a highly bureaucratic approach to governing meant he was not able to effectively use the powers he had while the government became dysfunctional and lacked dynamism. His need to play the omnicompetent leader resulted in his isolation as a leader and insulation from advice on policy matters to the detriment of decision-making. Mussolini also never created the machinery to deliver his intentions from the center of government. The state bureaucracy retained considerable autonomy free of serious political encroachment, while attempts to extend the reach of central government by numerous public entities created bodies that were more managerialist than Fascist in their operational logic while local administrative bodies were able to retain considerable discretion to respond to local needs and political interests.
Russia’s Anti-Western Tilt in Africa
Authors: Ramani Samuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of the systemic confrontation in U.S.–Russia relations, which escalated after the 2014 annexation of Crimea, on the Kremlin’s Africa policy. Aside from US efforts to thwart the construction of a Russian naval base in Djibouti, the Russia–West relationship in Africa was largely characterized by “hostility without confrontation.” Russia’s burgeoning partnership with China did not readily translate into Sino–Russian cooperation in Africa. The continued lack of Western scrutiny allowed Russia to burnish its role as a crisis-proof partner for authoritarian regimes, such as Omar al-Bashir’s Sudan, Robert Mugabe’s Zimbabwe, and Yoweri Museveni’s Uganda. It also provided openings for cooperation with South Africa, as President Jacob Zuma resisted domestic pressure to isolate Russia over the Crimea annexation and pursued an ill-fated nuclear energy project with Rosatom. Russia’s 2015 military intervention on Bashar al-Assad’s behalf in Syria bolstered its prestige as a counter-insurgency partner in Africa. This served as a gateway for military-technical agreements, arms sales to and police training in Nigeria, and displacing France as the Central African Republic’s primary security guarantor in 2017.
A Shrinking Forest Habitat
Authors: Trefon Theodore 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 explains deforestation drivers such as slash-and-burn agriculture, and trends such as demographic growth and urbanization. Wildlife habitat is shrinking and being degraded, threatening wildlife populations. As the forest area shrinks, wild animals find it increasingly difficult to reproduce, survive, and thrive. Healthy forests can sustain healthy wildlife populations: degraded forests threaten wildlife survival.
Eating Out in Kinshasa
Authors: Trefon Theodore 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 is the book’s most ethnographic chapter and recounts the personal trajectory of Mama Régine who runs a bustling bushmeat restaurant in one of Kinshasa’s most populous districts. Her personal narrative humanizes the bushmeat economy by highlighting how bushmeat and identity define these women. There are thousands of such bushmeat restaurant women throughout Central Africa. Before delving into her narrative, the chapter presents some of the problems of food insecurity that the urban poor must grapple with.
Stable Isotopes as a Tool for Ecologists
Authors: Cotrufo M. Francesca , Pressler Yamina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
“Stable Isotopes as a Tool for Ecologists” presents an argument for why stable isotopes are a powerful tool of study in any subdiscipline in ecology. Ecologists need tools that integrate across many disciplines and environmental systems to answer research questions and advance theory. Stable isotopes are an ideal tool to advance ecological science because they integrate ecological processes over space and time, indicate the presence and magnitude of ecological processes, record environmental changes, and trace movement of key elements through ecological systems. This chapter introduces stable isotopes as a tool for ecologists by providing examples for their use in the study of ecological processes, to record changes over time and space, and to trace nutrients and water as they cycle through the environment.
Assurance and Trust
Authors: Simpson Thomas W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a natural distinction between believing what a person says, and believing a person, with the latter seeming to entail the former, but not the reverse. Second-personal views of testimony and trust have sought to make sense of this distinction, arguing that someone’s giving their assurance—their word—gives a distinctive reason to believe them, and thereby what they say. They thus pose a challenge to the evidentialist view of trust I have been developing as, if I am following my total evidence as to how likely a person is to be trustworthy, what I am not doing is accepting their assurance. This chapter assesses what these accounts get right and what they get wrong. It prepares the ground for the positive account, in the following chapter, of how a speaker’s word may give a hearer reason to believe what the speaker says.
Simple Event Nominals, Referring Nominals, and allosemy
Authors: Wood Jim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses readings beyond the Complex Event Nominal (CEN) reading. The claim is that these divide into two groups. In the first group, v is semantically expletive, and n is semantically contentful, so n combines semantically with the root. In this case, the alloseme inserted in n can interact directly with the meaning of the root in an unpredictable, idiosyncratic way that may need to be listed. In the second group, v is semantically contentful, like it is in CENs, but unlike in CENs, n is semantically contentful too. In this case, the alloseme inserted in n cannot interact directly with the root, so the result is a compositional, non-idiosyncratic meaning. This distinction is illustrated and supported with case studies of verbal prefixes and a class of verbs argued to have the structure of compounds. This chapter also discusses the distinction between allosemy and ’semantic readjustment’ of a root.
A Methodology for Modality
Authors: Leech Jessica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter begins by motivating the book’s interest in modality, i.e. possibility and necessity. It also motivates why the book takes a Kantian approach to philosophical questions about modality. The chapter introduces and defends a methodology for modal metaphysics according to which we should take seriously questions about the function of modal judgments, i.e., judgments of possibility and necessity, as an important constraint on our metaphysical theory of modality. In light of this methodology, the chapter introduces and highlights key questions concerning the function of modal judgment, and the function of judgments of logical necessity and metaphysical necessity in particular. The chapter concludes by presenting a plan of the rest of the book.