bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impact of an Educational Intervention on the History of Racism in America for Teaching Structural Competency to Medical Academicians
Authors: Glenn Jason E. , Bridges Kristina M. , Boye-Doe Kakra , Taylor LesLee , Peltzer Jill N. , Alexander Shawn Leigh , Binion Danielle , Schuette Matthew , Francis Carrie L. , McGee Jerrihlyn L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background.
A challenge facing many Academic Health Centers (AHCs) attempting to revise health professions education to include the impact of racism as a social and structural determinant of health (SSDoH) is a lack of broad faculty expertise to reinforce and avoid undermining learning modules addressing this topic. To encourage an institutional culture that is in line with new anti-racism instruction, we developed a six-part educational series on the history of racism in America and its impact on contemporary health inequities for teaching structural competency to health professions academicians.
Methods.
We developed a six-hour elective continuing education (CE) series for faculty and staff with the following objectives: 1) describe and discuss race as a social construct; 2) describe and discuss the decolonization of the health sciences and health care; 3) describe and discuss the history of systemic racism and structural violence from a socio-ecological perspective; and 4) describe and discuss reconciliation and repair in biomedicine. The series was spread over a six-month period and each monthly lecture was followed one week later by an open discussion debriefing session. Attendees were assessed on their understanding of each objective before and after each series segment.
Results.
We found significant increases in knowledge and understanding of each objective as the series progressed. Attendees reported that the series helped them grapple with their discomfort in a constructive manner. Self-selected attendees were overwhelmingly women (81.8%), indicating a greater willingness to engage with this material than men.
Conclusions.
The series provides a model for AHCs looking to promote anti-racism and structural competency among their faculty and staff.
First-principles investigation on the structural properties, mechanical, anisotropy properties, electronic structure and optical properties of AlTi3N, AlTi2N, AlTi4N3 and Al2Ti3N2 nitrides
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Xudong , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent years, nitrides have attracted more and more attentions. Understanding how nitrides are used in practice demands, we considered the material characteristics of the hexagonal AlTi2N, AlTi4N3 and Al2Ti3N2 and cubic AlTi3N compounds. First-principles calculations are used to examine the structural integrity, electrical characteristics, elastic anisotropy and optical characteristics of these nitrides. The findings demonstrate that the estimated parameter values and experimental data correlate rather well. The structures of these nitrides appear to be thermodynamically stable based on the calculated formation enthalpies of AlTi3N, AlTi2N, AlTi4N3 and Al2Ti3N. The electric properties of these nitrides have been analyzed. The findings indicate that the materials possess metallic properties. According to elastic constants and elastic modulus results, it is found that AlTi2N has the more robust deformation resistance. The G/B ratio and ν values both support that AlTi2N and AlTi4N3 are brittle materials. Through the drawn 3D contours and 2D projected Young's modulus graphs, the different anisotropy degrees of these nitrides are obtained. These nitrides have the potential to be used as materials for anti-ultraviolet coatings, according to their optical characteristics.
Low-latitude mesopelagic nutrient recycling controls on productivity and export
Authors: Rodgers Keith , Aumont Olivier , Toyama Katsuya , Resplandy Laure , Ishii Masao , Nakano Toshiya , Sasano Daisuke , Bianchi Daniele , Yamaguchi Ryohei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Low-latitude oceans (30°S-30°N) account for approximately half of the global net primary production and export. A long-standing paradigm holds that the Southern Ocean dominates low-latitude primary production and export, with implications for the response of global primary production and export to climate change. Here we apply observational and model analyses to argue instead that 66% of low-latitude primary production and 50% of export is controlled by local mesopelagic macronutrient recycling. An additional supply of nutrients locally upwelled from the deep ocean balances the loss of nutrients to the deep ocean via the soft tissue pump, with only a 5% supply through shallow (considered over the upper 870m) transfer from the Southern Ocean. Further analyses of a set of five CMIP6 models run to 2300 under high emissions reveal significant disparities in their projections of not only the amplitude but also the sign of low latitude primary production, with temperature-dependent remineralization promoting enhanced low-latitude mesopelagic nutrient retention and associated increases in primary production through low-latitude overturning and upwelling. This underscores the importance of mechanistic understanding of mesopelagic remineralization and its sensitivity to ocean warming for predicting future ecosystem changes.
Hydroxylamine production by Alcaligenes faecalis challenges the paradigm of heterotrophic nitrification
Authors: Lücker Sebastian , Lenferink Wouter , Bakken Lars , Jetten Mike , Kessel Maartje van 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Heterotrophic nitrifiers continue to be a hiatus in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle. Despite their discovery over 50 years ago, the physiology and environmental role of this enigmatic group remains elusive. The current theory is that heterotrophic nitrifiers are capable of converting ammonia to hydroxylamine, nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen gas via the subsequent actions of nitrification and denitrification. In addition, it was recently suggested that dinitrogen gas may be formed directly from ammonium. Here, we combine complementary high resolution gas profiles,15N isotope labelling studies and transcriptomics data to show that hydroxylamine is the major product of nitrification inAlcaligenes faecalis. We demonstrated that denitrification and direct ammonium oxidation to dinitrogen gas did not occur under the conditions tested. Our results indicate thatA. faecalisis capable of hydroxylamine production from an organic intermediate. These results fundamentally change our understanding of heterotrophic nitrification and have important implications for its biotechnological application.
Germline mutations in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer spectrum in Thailand: Results from multi-gene panel testing in 4,567 Thai patients
Authors: Pithukpakorn Manop , Kansuttiviwat Chalermkiat , Lertwilaiwittaya Pongtawat , Roothumnong Ekkapong , Nakthong Panee , Dungort Peerawat , Meesamarnpong Chutima , Tansa-Nga Warisara , Pongsuktavorn Khontawan , Wiboonthanasarn Supakit , Tititumjariya Warunya , Phuphuripan Nannipa , Lertbussarakam Chittapat , Wattanarangsan Jantanee , Sri Jiraporn , Punuch Kittiporn , Kammarabutr Jirayu , Mutirangura Pornthira , Thongnoppakhun Wanna , Limwongse Chanin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multi-gene panel testing has led to the detection of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in many cancer susceptibility genes in patients with breast-ovarian cancer spectrum. However, the clinical and genomic data of Asian populations including Thai cancer patients was underrepresented and the clinical significance of multi-gene panel testing in Thailand remains undetermined. In this study, we collected the clinical and genetic data from 4,567 Thai patients with cancer in the hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) spectrum who underwent multi-gene panel testing. Six hundred and ten individuals (13.4%) had germline P/LP variants. Detection rates of germline P/LP variants in breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer were 13.4%, 19.8%, 14.0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Non-BRCA gene mutations accounted for 35% of patients with germline P/LP variants. ATM was the most common non-BRCA gene mutation. Four hundred and thirty-two breast cancer patients with germline P/LP variants (80.4%) met the current NCCN genetic testing criteria. The most common indication was early-onset breast cancer. Ten patients harbored double pathogenic variants in this cohort. Our result showed that significant proportion of non-BRCA P/LP variants were identified in patients with HBOC-related cancers. These data support the benefit of multi-gene panel testing for inherited cancer susceptibility in among Thai HBOC patients. Some modifications of the testing policy may be appropriate for implementation in diverse populations. (Word count: 214 words)
An analysis of least squares regression and neural networks approximation for the pricing of swing options
Authors: Yeo Christian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Least squares regression was first introduced for the pricing of american-style options, but it has since been expanded to include swing options pricing. The swing options price may be viewed as a solution to a Backward Dynamic Programming Principle (BDPP), which involves a conditional expectation known as the continuation value. The approximation of the continuation value using least squares regression involves two levels of approximation. First, the continuation value is replaced by an orthogonal projection over a subspace spanned by a finite set of $m$ squared-integrable functions yielding a first approximation $V^m$ of the swing value function. In this paper, we prove that, with well-chosen regression functions, $V^m$ converges to the swing actual price $V$ as $m \to + \infty$. A similar result is proved when classic regression functions are replaced by neural networks. For both methods (least squares regression and neural networks), we analyze the second level of approximation involving practical computation of the swing price using Monte Carlo simulations and yielding an approximation $V^{m, N}$ (where $N$ denotes the Monte Carlo sample size). Especially, we prove that $V^{m, N} \to V^m$ as $N \to + \infty$ for both methods and using a Hilbert basis assumption in the least squares regression. Besides, a convergence rate of order $\mathcal{O}\big(\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}} \big)$ is proved in the least squares case.
Optimizing Crowdsourcing Task Assignment Policies Using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Stochastic Games
Authors: Zhang Jie , He Wei , Chen Hao , He Qiangqiang , Wang Chongjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spatio-temporal crowdsourcing as a current widely used model, how to solve the equilibrium between the task planning efficiency and the worker's revenue is a challenging task, in order to overcome these problems, we firstly define crowdsourcing task allocation as a multi-party stochastic game, and solve the equilibrium for the case with perfect recall, which gives the optimal policy for the platform and the workers. Based on the previous work, we propose a framework based on the dual actor-critic approach, which learns the collaborative optimal strategies based on actor-critic. We solve the equilibrium by introducing a Monte Carlo tree search algorithm and use a strategy gradient-based approach to optimize the actor and critic parameters. To evaluate our approach, experiments are conducted in several different crowdsourcing scenarios. The experimental results show that our method is able to achieve good performance in different scenarios and has high accuracy and stability in equilibrium solving. We will open our source code to allow other researchers to reproduce our results.
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) detection and genome-wide host expression profiles implicate HHV-6B as a pulmonary pathogen after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hill Joshua , Lee Yeon Joo , Vusse Lisa Vande , Xie Hu , Chung E , Waghmare Alpana , Cheng Guang-Shing , Zhu Haiying , Huang Meei-Li , Hill Geoffrey , Jerome Keith , Leisenring Wendy , Zerr Danielle , Gharib Sina , Dadwal Sanjeet , Boeckh Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Limited understanding of the immunopathogenesis of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) has prevented its acceptance as a pulmonary pathogen after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We conducted a prospective multicenter study of patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for pneumonia after allogeneic HCT. We tested blood and BAL fluid (BALF) for HHV-6B DNA and mRNA transcripts associated with lytic infection and performed RNA-seq on paired blood. Among 116 participants, HHV-6B DNA was detected in 37% of BALs, 49% of which had HHV-6B mRNA detection. We established an HHV-6B DNA threshold (≥2.3 log10 copies/ml in BALF) that was highly predictive of HHV-6B mRNA detection and increased risk for death from respiratory failure (adjusted HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.08-5.11). Participants with HHV-6B DNA in BALF exhibited distinct host gene expression signatures, notable for enriched interferon signaling pathways in participants clinically diagnosed with idiopathic pneumonia. These data implicate HHV-6B as a pulmonary pathogen after allogeneic HCT.
TD3-based Stochastic Workload Offloading for 5G-based Cloud Control System
Authors: Li Sha , Sun Lei , Wang Jianquan , Fu Meixia , Zhang Lifang , Joung Jinoo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The cloud control system is an emerging trend combining communication, computing, and automation techniques, it supports virtualization deployment of multiple programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in a central cloud server and interacts with remote actuators through communication networks. In the factory, there are massive control workloads in a workshop, which is usually managed by a cloud control system, it's an issue about how to make full use of communication and computation resources to bear as many control workloads as possible in this scenario. Therefore, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based stochastic workload offloading algorithm is studied in this paper, aiming to optimize the workload distribution and network resource allocation as well as to guarantee workload execution success rate. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DRL-based algorithm outperforms other benchmark ones.
Air pollution modelling and forecasting using hybrid machine learning for Craiova City in Romania
Authors: UDRISTIOIU Mihaela T. , MGHOUGHI Youness EL , YILDIZHAN Hasan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Inadequate air quality has adverse impacts on human well-being and contributes to the progression of climate change, leading to fluctuations in temperature. Therefore, it holds great significance to gain a localized comprehension of the interplay between climate variations and air pollution to alleviate the health repercussions of air pollution. This study aims to investigate the associations between meteorological factors, encompassing temperature (T), humidity (H), and air pressure (P), and concentrations of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10). Additionally, it explores the correlation between PM1, PM 2.5 and PM10, as well as between noise levels, CO2 emissions, and other variables. To achieve this objective, five hybrid Machine Learning models were employed for predicting PM concentrations and subsequently calculating the Air Quality Index (AQI). The dataset utilized was provided by an independent network of sensors and spans from September 22, 2021, to February 17, 2022. The results indicated that, in general, R² values exceeded 0.96 and, in most instances, approached 0.99. Humidity emerged as the least influential variable on PM concentrations, while the most accurate predictions were achieved by combining pressure with temperature. Moreover, PM10 concentrations exhibited a notable correlation with PM2.5 concentrations and a moderately strong connection with PM1. Nevertheless, the relationship between PM10 concentration and noise levels and CO2 data was relatively weak. Ultimately, this study has established novel relationships for forecasting PM concentrations and AQI based on the most effective combinations of predictor variables identified.
Paradigm shift of platinum oxidation below fuel cell open-circuit voltage
Authors: Chattot Raphaël , Campos-Roldàn Carlos , Gasmi Amir , Stodel Morgane , Martens Isaac , Filhol Jean-Sébastien , Drnec Jakub , Blanchard Pierre-Yves , Cavaliere Sara , Jones Deborah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The long-term stability of Pt catalysts is critical to the reliability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and receives constant attention. However, the current knowledge of Pt oxidation is restricted to unrealistic PEMFC cathode environment or operation, which questions its practical relevance. Herein, Pt oxidation is investigated directly in a PEMFC with stroboscopic operando high energy X-ray scattering. The critical potential for the Pt-O dipole place-exchange mechanism is observed far below the previously reported value, and most importantly, below the open-circuit potential of PEMFC cathode. Such early oxidation is shown to control PEMFC performance and its role on Pt transient dissolution is verified by electrochemical on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. By further demonstrating and resolving the limitations of currently employed accelerated stress test protocols in the light of place-exchange time constants, this new paradigm of Pt oxidation paves the way to new mitigation strategies against PEMFC degradation.
“I am in favour of organ donation, but I feel you should opt-in” - qualitative analysis of the #options 2020 survey free-text responses from NHS staff toward opt-out organ donation legislation in England
Authors: Clark Natalie L , Coe Dorothy , Newell Natasha , Jones Mark NA , Robb Matthew , Reaich David , Wroe Caroline 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In May 2020, England moved to an opt-out organ donation system, meaning adults are presumed to be an organ donor unless within an excluded group or have opted-out. This change aims to improve organ donation rates following brain or circulatory death. Healthcare staff in the UK are supportive of organ donation, however, both healthcare staff and the public have raised concerns and ethical issues regarding the change. The #options survey was completed by NHS organisations with the aim of understanding awareness and support of the change. This paper analyses the free-text responses to three questions from the survey.
METHODS: The #options survey was registered as a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) portfolio trial [IRAS 275992] 14 February 2020, and was completed between July and December 2020 across NHS organisations in the North-East and North Cumbria, and North Thames. The survey contained 16 questions, consisting of demographic details, place of work, and if the respondent had contact with or worked in an area offering support to donors and recipients. Three of the questions filtered to a free-text response which was then thematically analysed.
RESULTS: The #options survey received 5789 responses from NHS staff with 1404 individuals leaving 1657 free-text responses for analysis. The family discussion question elicited the largest number of responses (66%), followed by those against the legislation (19%), and those requiring more information (15%). Analysis revealed six main themes with 22 sub-themes.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall #options survey indicated NHS staff are supportive of the legislative change. Analysis of the free-text responses indicates that the views of the NHS staff who are against the change reflect the reasons, misconceptions, and misunderstandings of the public. Additional concerns included the rationale for the change, informed decision making, easy access to information and information regarding organ donation processes. Educational materials and interventions need to be developed for NHS staff to address the concepts of autonomy and consent, organ donation processes, and promote family conversations. Wider public awareness campaigns should continue to promote the positives and refute the negatives thus reducing misconceptions and misunderstandings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) [IRAS 275992].
The association of travel burden with prenatal care utilization, what happens after provider-selection
Authors: Deng Songyuan , Chen Yuche , Bennett Kevin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Pregnant women in the United States encounter several challenges when accessing adequate prenatal care (PNC), with transportation being a significant hurdle. Nevertheless, assessing the proximity to the nearest provider may overstate the extent of the access inequality. Additionally, no prior research has explored the association between perceived travel burden and PNC utilization. This study aims to investigate whether travel distances to the initial visited and the predominant PNC provider and patients’ perceived travel burden, measured by the travel disadvantage index (TDI), are associated with PNC utilization.
Methods
A retrospective cohort of pregnant women with live births were identified from South Carolina Medicaid claims files in 2015–2018. Travel distances were calculated using Google Maps. The estimated TDI within the zip-code tabulate area was derived from local pilot survey data. PNC utilization was measured by PNC initiation and frequency during each pregnancy. Comparisons were drawn between pregnancies with long (> 24 miles) or short (≤ 24 miles) distance to the predominant PNC provider. Repeated measure logistic regression test was employed for categorical variables and one-way repeated measures ANOVA for continuous variables. Unadjusted and adjusted ordinal logistic regressions with repeated measure were utilised to examine the association of travel burdens with PNC usage.
Results
Among 25,801 pregnancies continuously enrolled in Medicaid, pregnant women traveled an average of 24.9/24.2 miles to their initial/predominant provider, with an average TDI of -11.4. Of these pregnancies, 60% initiated PNC in the first trimester, with an average of 8 total visits. Compared to women with long distance, those travelling shorter distance were less likely to initiate PNC in the first trimester (61% vs. 59%, p < 0.01) and had fewer total visits (8.2 vs. 8.1, p = 0.04). Multiple regression analysis revealed that women with doubled travel distance or TDI were less likely to initiate timely PNC (odds ratio: 0.95, p < 0.001; 0.94, p = 0.04; travel distance & TDI, respectively) and had a lower visit frequency (odds ratio: 0.85, p < 0.001, travel distance).
Conclusions
Findings suggest that the association between travel burden and PNC utilization was statistically significant but of limited practical significance.