bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial treatment for prostate carcinoma in relation to comorbidity and symptoms
Authors: Hall H. Irene , Satariano William A. , Thompson Trevor , Ragland Kathleen E. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Selvin Steve 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEvidence suggests the type of treatment received for prostate carcinoma is associated with comorbidity, but little information is available on associations with specific comorbid disease or symptoms. The authors examined the relations between treatment and comorbidity, specific comorbid disease, and symptoms.METHODSMedical records were abstracted for 1054 male members of the Kaiser Permanente medical care program diagnosed with prostate carcinoma from 1975 to 1987. Information was obtained on demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, symptoms, tumor stage and grade, and treatment. Logistic regression was used to determine the significant predictors of treatment (radiation vs. nonaggressive treatment and surgery vs. nonaggressive treatment).RESULTSCompared to nonaggressive treatment, radiation treatment was less likely among men who had prior cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.90) or cerebrovascular disease (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.83). There was a significant interaction between race and myocardial infarction (P = 0.02). Surgery, compared to nonaggressive treatment, was less common among men with a prior cancer (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.63) or congestive heart failure (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.90). Significant interactions were observed between race and myocardial infarction (P = 0.01), diabetes and dysuria or hematuria (P = 0.02), and para‐ or hemiplegia and urinary frequency or nocturia (P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSSpecific symptoms and comorbidity appear to influence treatment for prostate carcinoma. More research is needed on treatment differences by race. Cancer 2002;95:2308–15. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10926
Pathologic review of the Mayo Lung Project
Authors: Colby Thomas V. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Travis William D. , Bergstralh Erik J. , Jett James R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the Mayo Lung Project Screening Trial, there were more carcinomas identified in the screened group compared with the control group. The screened group had better survival, but there was no difference in lung carcinoma mortality between the screened group and the control group. The purpose of this study was to review all available original pathology from the trial to determine whether overdiagnosis (carcinomas that do not result in the death of the patient) or misdiagnosis of lung carcinoma may explain this discrepancy.METHODSAll available lung pathology slides from patients who underwent surgery at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed independently by three blinded lung pathologists. Tumors were classified according to the 1999 World Health Organization criteria. In addition, agreement among the pathologists was assessed.RESULTSAmong 106 patients who underwent surgery at the Mayo Clinic, slides were available for review from 105 patients, including 77 slides from the screened group and 28 slides from the control group. The original diagnosis of carcinoma was confirmed in all patients. In 7 patients (6.7%), there was unanimous agreement that the lesion was preinvasive (carcinoma in situ), and these lesions all were from the screened group. In 90 patients (85.5%), there was unanimous agreement that the tumors were invasive. In 8 patients (7.8%), there was some disagreement between the observers about whether lesions were invasive or preinvasive; 7 of these 8 lesions were from the screened group. The level of agreement among pathologists for invasive carcinomas was > 94% for all comparisons, and the κ statistic ranged from 0.67 (substantial agreement) to 0.84 (almost perfect agreement). There was good agreement among the pathologists about tumor cell type with the κ statistic ≥ 0.65.CONCLUSIONSThe histologic diagnosis of carcinoma was confirmed for all 105 slides that were reviewed. The results of this study indicate that misdiagnosis does not explain the increased numbers of carcinomas identified in the screened group. The increased numbers of in situ carcinomas in the screened group resulted in increased numbers of squamous carcinomas in the screened group compared with the control group and may have contributed to the better survival. It is possible that carcinoma in situ accounted for some instances of overdiagnosis. Cancer 2002;95:2361–5. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10930
Autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Koziner Benjamín , Dengra Cristina , Lucero Graciela , Klein Graciela , Cánepa Carlos , Milovic Vera , Milone Gustavo , Robinson Anibal , Cerutti Ider , Saporito Graciela , Kusminsky Gustavo , Milone Jorge , Bordone Javier , Lastiri Francisco 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this analysis was to evaluate the role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in prolonging disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who received autografts of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive or Ph negative cell harvests.METHODSOver a 4‐year period (1994–1999), 53 patients who underwent ASCT for CML were reported to the Argentine Group of Bone Marrow Transplantation (GATMO) Registry.RESULTSPh negative cell products were harvested in only 18 patients (34%). Comparison of disease status at the time of autograft, duration of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, days of antibiotics, and transfusional requirements of red blood cells and platelets did not reveal statistical significant differences between the Ph positive group and the Ph negative group. Only days of hospitalization were increased significantly in patients who received Ph positive autografts. Although DFS at 36 months was significantly longer after infusion of Ph negative cell products (54% vs. 14%; P ≤ 0.005), OS differences between the Ph negative group and the Ph positive group (68% vs. 53%; P ≤ 0.134) were not significant.CONCLUSIONSASCT with Ph negative cell harvests after myeloablative chemotherapy resulted in prolonged periods of hematologic and cytogenetic remission or stable disease after cytogenetic/molecular recurrence in some patients with CML. A superior DFS was observed without any benefit observed for OS. Cancer 2002;95:2339–45. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10931
Incidence patterns of invasive and borderline ovarian tumors among white women and black women in the United States
Authors: Mink Pamela J. , Sherman Mark E. , Devesa Susan S. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMalignant tumors of the ovary are the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the United States. Population‐based incidence data for these neoplasms by histopathologic type and race are limited. Variation in rates may provide clues for future etiologic studies.METHODSThe authors performed a detailed, population‐based analysis of U.S. incidence rates by histologic type, race, and age for invasive ovarian tumors that were diagnosed during 1978–1998 and for borderline ovarian tumors that were diagnosed during 1992–1998 using data from the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.RESULTSWhite women had significantly higher rates compared with black women of all types of epithelial tumors, with the white:black rate ratios ranging from 1.23 to 2.56. Black women had higher rates of gonadal stromal tumors. Among both white women and black women, total carcinoma rates did not change greatly from 1978–1982 to 1995–1998. Among white women, the reported incidence rates for invasive serous, endometrioid, and clear cell tumors increased during 1978–1998, whereas the rates of mucinous; papillary, not otherwise specified (NOS); and other epithelial tumors declined. Among black women, the reported rates of papillary, NOS tumors decreased significantly, whereas the rates of other tumor types fluctuated. Incidence rates of borderline ovarian tumors were higher among white women compared with black women and did not change significantly during 1992–1998. Serous and mucinous tumors were the predominant tumors reported for women age < 45 years, whereas serous; papillary, NOS; and other epithelial tumors predominated among older women.CONCLUSIONSIncidence rates for malignant ovarian tumors have remained relatively stable, with higher rates for white women compared with black women. The reported rates for some specific histopathologic tumor types have changed over time, in part reflecting more specific pathologic classification. The possible effect of shifting exposure prevalence on incidence patterns warrants further study. Cancer 2002;95:2380–9. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10935
Nitric oxide pathways in human bladder carcinoma
Authors: Ehsan Amgad , Sommer Frank , Schmidt Annette , Klotz Theodor , Koslowski Jolanta , Niggemann Sandra , Jacobs Georg , Engelmann Udo , Addicks Klaus , Bloch Wilhelm 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitric oxide (NO) is produced by a group of synthase enzymes (NOS). By means of different pathways, NO exerts several functions in benign and malignant human bladder tissues. The current paper describes the NO/guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and the NO/oxidative pathways in human bladder tissues.METHODSBladder carcinoma tissues were collected from 18 patients by transurethral resection procedures. Normal benign vesical tissue specimens from a further eight patients with benign diseases served as controls. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for localization of sGC, cGMP, and nitrotyrosine in benign and malignant vesical tissues, evaluating two–three tissue sections per patient.RESULTSPositive immunolabeling for sGC and cGMP was detected in vascular endothelial cells of normal and malignant vesical tissues. Those signals were most intense in bladder carcinoma tissues. Immunolabeling for sGC and cGMP was also detected in normal urothelial cells. In bladder carcinoma cells, a heterogeneous immunolabeling for sGC and cGMP was seen, with a wide spectrum of signal intensity. Positive immunostaining for sGC and cGMP was also observed in stromal round cells in benign and malignant bladder tissues. Immunolabeling for nitrotyrosine was mainly observed in endothelial cells, with a much stronger immunolabeling in bladder carcinoma tissues compared to normal benign controls. A weak immunolabeling for nitrotyrosine was also observed in bladder carcinoma cells. Normal urothelial cells did not show such nitrotyrosine expression.CONCLUSIONSThe current report provides evidences that NO play several roles through different pathways in benign and malignant vesical tissues. The influences generated by NO molecules can be divided into cGMP‐mediated effects (those resulting from the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway) and non‐cGMP‐mediated effects (those resulting from the NO/oxidative pathway). Increased angiogenesis is a cGMP‐mediated effect, while nitrotyrosine production is a non cGMP‐mediated oxidative effect. Such an NO/oxidative pathway is observed more often in bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:2293–301. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10942
Prognostic significance of c‐myc and AIB1 amplification in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Meng‐Chao , Sham Jonathan S. T. , Zhang Weigou , Wu Wei‐Qing , Guan Xin‐Yuan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmplifications of 1q21, c‐myc at 8q24.1, and AIB1 at 20q12 are genetic alterations that are detected frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The authors evaluated the association of these amplifications with the prognosis of patients with HCC.METHODSIn the current study, amplification of 1q21, c‐myc, and AIB1 was analyzed in 560 specimens from 400 patients with HCC and 20 patients with benign liver lesions using fluorescence in situ hybridization with high‐throughput tissue microarray. Differences of amplification patterns were compared between small and large HCC, single nodular and multiple nodular HCC, primary and metastatic HCC, and primary and recurrent HCC.RESULTSSignificant differences between single nodular and multiple nodular HCC were detected in c‐myc amplification (12% vs. 38%; P < 0.01) and AIB1 amplification (16% vs. 30%; P < 0.05). More frequent c‐myc amplification was detected in metastatic HCC (45%) compared with primary HCC (29%) and in recurrent HCC (60%) compared with primary HCC (38%). Similarly, more frequent AIB1 amplification was observed in metastatic HCC (41%) compared with primary HCC (23%) and in recurrent HCC (60%) compared with primary HCC (29%). However, no significant differences in 1q21 amplification were observed.CONCLUSIONSThe current results strongly suggest that amplifications of the c‐myc and AIB1 oncogenes are late genetic alterations in the progression of HCC and are correlated with a poor prognosis. Cancer 2002;95:2346–52. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10963
Differences in treatment patterns for localized breast carcinoma among Asian/Pacific islander women
Authors: Prehn Angela W. , Topol Barbara , Stewart Susan , Glaser Sally L. , O'Connor Lilia , West Dee W. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in treatment for localized breast carcinoma, but to the authors' knowledge few have included Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women.METHODSThe population‐based study included API and non‐Hispanic white women diagnosed with localized invasive breast carcinoma in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area during 1994 (n = 1772). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between race/ethnicity and type of surgery, radiation therapy following breast‐conserving surgery (BCS), and hormone therapy for estrogen receptor‐positive tumors while adjusting for demographic, medical, and census block‐group socioeconomic characteristics.RESULTSAPI women were significantly more likely to undergo mastectomies than white women (58% vs. 42%). This difference remained for Chinese and Filipino women after multivariate adjustment (odds ratio vs. whites [OR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.4–4.2; OR [95%CI] = 1.8[1.0–3.1], respectively). Chinese women were also more likely than white women to not receive adjuvant therapy, be it radiation after BCS or hormone therapy for estrogen receptor‐positive disease. Other API women did not differ from white women in adjuvant therapy use.CONCLUSIONSThis population‐based study identified differences in treatment for localized breast carcinoma by race/ethnicity that were not explained by differences in demographic, medical, or socioeconomic characteristics. These results underscore the importance of looking at treatment patterns separately for API subgroups and support the need for research into cultural differences that may influence breast carcinoma treatment choices. Cancer 2002;95:2268–75. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10965
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma during occlusion of hepatic blood flow
Authors: Yamasaki Takahiro , Kurokawa Fumie , Shirahashi Hitoshi , Kusano Noriyoshi , Hironaka Kouji , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by the small volume of coagulation necrosis obtained at each activation of the RF system and the sometimes irregular burn shape due to the proximity of large vessels that have a cooling effect. To improve the efficacy of RFA, the authors designed RFA with balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery (balloon‐occluded RFA). In this study, we investigated the efficacy of balloon‐occluded RFA and compared the coagulation diameters obtained with balloon‐occluded RFA and standard RFA.METHODSWe retrospectively studied 31 patients with 42 HCC lesions measuring less than 4 cm in the greatest dimension. We performed balloon‐occluded RFA for 12 patients (n = 15 nodules) and standard RFA for 19 patients (n = 27 nodules). Initial therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with dynamic computed tomography scan performed 2 weeks after one treatment.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the ablation conditions such as the frequency of a fully expanded electrode, the number of needle insertions, application cycles, or treatment times between the two groups. However, the greatest dimension of the area coagulated by balloon‐occluded RFA was significantly larger (greatest long‐axis dimension, 36.6 ± 3.8 mm; greatest short‐axis dimension, 30.1 ± 6.0 mm; n = 15 lesions) than that coagulated by standard RFA (greatest long‐axis dimension, 26.7 ± 6.4 mm; greatest short‐axis dimension, 23.1 ± 5.0 mm; n = 27 lesions; greatest long‐axis dimension, P < 0.001; greatest short‐axis dimension, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSBalloon‐occluded RFA is superior to standard RFA for the treatment of many hepatocellular lesions, especially when larger volumes of coagulation are required. Cancer 2002;95:2353–60. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10966
Subcutaneous interleukin‐2 and interferon α in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma—Less efficacy compared with intravenous interleukin‐2 and interferon α
Authors: Ravaud Alain , Delva Rémy , Gomez Fréderic , Chevreau Christine , Douillard Jean‐Yves , Peny Jean , Coudert Bruno , Négrier Sylvie 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main objective of this trial was to evaluate the combination of subcutaneous (SC) interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) with interferon α‐2a (IFN‐α) in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) compared with a previous trial that used continuous‐infusion IL‐2 and IFN‐α with identical schedules and dosages.METHODSBetween April, 1997 and January, 1998, 66 patients with MRCC received SC IL‐2 at a dose of 9 × 106 IU/m2 twice daily for 5 days during 2 induction cycles and during 4 additional cycles, with a 3‐week rest between cycles. Each induction cycle consisted of two 5‐day courses of IL‐2 separated by a 9‐day break. IFN‐α at a dose of 6 × 106 IU per day three times per week was given during induction cycles and additional cycles.RESULTSAll patients were assessable for response and toxicity. The median follow‐up was 43 months. Thirty‐five patients (51%) and 43 patients (63%) received ≥ 80% of the planned induction doses of IL‐2 and IFN‐α, respectively. Five patients achieved objective responses (7.6%; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 2.5–16.8%), with two complete responses. The median survival was 14 months (95%CI, 11.3–16.7 months). Fifty‐three patients (80%) had at least one episode of Grade 3 toxicity related to treatment. Twenty‐two patients developed Grade 4 toxicities, which included hypotension (24% of patients), decreased performance status (6% of patients), dyspnea (3% of patients), and mucositis (3% patients) as well as fever, ventricular tachycardia, and anemia.CONCLUSIONSThe current results seem to indicate reduced efficacy and higher toxicity rates with SC IL‐2 plus IFN‐α compared with the results from a previous trial that used an identical regimen with IV IL‐2 administration. Although SC IL‐2 regimens are used widely, their interest remains to be determined. Cancer 2002;95:2324–30. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10968
Vulvar carcinoma
Authors: de Hullu Joanne A. , Hollema Harry , Lolkema Sietske , Boezen Marike , Boonstra Henk , Burger Matthe P. M. , Aalders Jan G. , Mourits Marian J. E. , van der Zee Ate G. J. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine whether modifications in the treatment of patients with vulvar carcinoma influence the rates of recurrence and survival.METHODSBetween 1982 and 1997, 253 patients with T1 and T2 invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were treated by essentially the same team of gynecologic oncologists, and 168 patients (Group I) underwent radical vulvectomy with en bloc inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. Standard therapy was changed in 1993, and 85 patients (Group II) underwent wide local excision with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions. The rates of recurrence and survival were compared between both groups.RESULTSIn Group II, the overall recurrence rate (33.3%) within 4 years was increased compared with Group I (19.9%; P = 0.03). In Group II, 5 of 79 patients (6.3%) developed fatal groin or skin bridge recurrences compared with 2 of 159 patients (1.3%) in Group I (P = 0.029); this did not result in a difference in overall survival. In Group II, 40 of 79 patients had tumor free margins measuring ≤ 8 mm, resulting in 9 local recurrences; whereas 39 of 79 patients had tumor free margins measuring > 8 mm, resulting in no local recurrences (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONSThe current study showed that fatal recurrences in either the groin or the skin bridge were more frequent after wide local excision and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions; however, probably due to lack of power, this did not result in shorter survival. In 40 of 79 patients, the histologic margins measured ≤ 8 mm, resulting in a high risk of local recurrences. Therefore, the authors recommend obtaining surgical margins of 2 cm for the local treatment of patients with vulvar carcinoma. Cancer 2002;95:2331–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10969
The use of treatments for erectile dysfunction among survivors of prostate carcinoma
Authors: Schover Leslie R. , Fouladi Rachel T. , Warneke Carla L. , Neese Leah , Klein Eric A. , Zippe Craig , Kupelian Patrick A. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this survey were to describe the prevalence of using a treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) among men after therapy for localized prostate carcinoma and to construct models explaining the variance in trying a treatment, treatment success, and adherence to treatment.METHODSA postal survey was sent to 2636 men in The Cleveland Clinic Foundation's Prostate Cancer Registry who were treated initially with either definitive radiotherapy or prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. The survey asked about demographic items, past and current sexual functioning, and the partner's sexual function. Men were asked about their current and intended use of medical treatments for ED. Standardized questionnaires included the Sexual Self‐Schema Scale‐Male Version, the International Index of Erectile Function, urinary and bowel symptom scales from the Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index), and the Short‐Form Health Survey.RESULTSThe return rate was 49%. Differences between men who returned the questionnaire and men who did not respond suggest that the sample was weighted toward men who were more interested in staying active sexually. ED was a problem for 85% of men, and 59% of this group used at least 1 treatment for ED. Only 38% of men found that a medical treatment was at least somewhat helpful in improving their sex lives, however, and 30% of respondents still were using at least 1 treatment at the time of the survey. Factors that were associated with the efficacy of treatments for ED and with their continued use included having a sexual partner, younger age, choosing a treatment for prostate carcinoma that was more likely to spare some sexual function, and not having had neoadjuvant or current antiandrogen therapy. Men who tried a greater number of treatments for ED were more likely to find one that worked. Men were more likely to continue using treatments for ED that produced greater improvements in sexual function.CONCLUSIONSThe success of medical treatments for men with ED among long‐term survivors of prostate carcinoma is limited. Men prefer noninvasive treatments, although invasive treatments are more effective. Sexual counseling for men and their partners is recommended, because it may increase the use of medical therapies for ED. Creating more realistic expectations in both partners also may enhance treatment adherence. Cancer 2002;95:2397–407. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10970