bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between plant-based or animal-based dietary pattern and plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test among Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Xiao Qian , Zheng Qingxiang , Liao Yan Ping , Jiang Xiu Min , Gao Xiao Xia , Pan Yu-Qing , Li JiaNing , Liu RuLin 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study explored whether plant-based and animal-based dietary patterns are associated with plasma glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).DesignA prospective cohort study was conducted using a Food Frequency Questionnaire to collect dietary data. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between dietary patterns and plasma glucose levels. Stratified analyses were conducted according to maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and other confounders.Setting and participantsThe study, conducted in January 2022 in two hospitals in Fujian, China, involved 424 women diagnosed with GDM using a 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 gestational weeks.ResultsSix maternal dietary patterns (plant based and animal based) were identified. Participants with plant-based pattern had lower 2-hour plasma glucose levels than those with animal-based pattern (β=−0.314; 95% CI (−0.596 to –0.032)). After adjusting the regression model covariates, this significant association remained (β=−0.288; 95% CI (−0.568 to –0.008)) and appeared more pronounced in women aged 30 years or above and those with prepregnancy BMI<24 kg/m2.ConclusionsPlant-based pattern is associated with lower plasma glucose levels in women with GDM, which is valuable information for dietary counselling and intervention.
What is the future of artificial intelligence in obstetrics? A qualitative study among healthcare professionals
Authors: Fischer Anne , Rietveld Anna , Teunissen Pim , Hoogendoorn Mark , Bakker Petra 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis work explores the perceptions of obstetrical clinicians about artificial intelligence (AI) in order to bridge the gap in uptake of AI between research and medical practice. Identifying potential areas where AI can contribute to clinical practice, enables AI research to align with the needs of clinicians and ultimately patients.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingA national study conducted in the Netherlands between November 2022 and February 2023.ParticipantsDutch clinicians working in obstetrics with varying relevant work experience, gender and age.AnalysisThematic analysis of qualitative interview transcripts.ResultsThirteen gynaecologists were interviewed about hypothetical scenarios of an implemented AI model. Thematic analysis identified two major themes: perceived usefulness and trust. Usefulness involved AI extending human brain capacity in complex pattern recognition and information processing, reducing contextual influence and saving time. Trust required validation, explainability and successful personal experience. This result shows two paradoxes: first, AI is expected to provide added value by surpassing human capabilities, yet also a need to understand the parameters and their influence on predictions for trust and adoption was expressed. Second, participants recognised the value of incorporating numerous parameters into a model, but they also believed that certain contextual factors should only be considered by humans, as it would be undesirable for AI models to use that information.ConclusionsObstetricians’ opinions on the potential value of AI highlight the need for clinician-AI researcher collaboration. Trust can be built through conventional means like randomised controlled trials and guidelines. Holistic impact metrics, such as changes in workflow, not just clinical outcomes, should guide AI model development. Further research is needed for evaluating evolving AI systems beyond traditional validation methods.
Qualitative study exploring the perspectives of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes after transfer to adult care from a paediatric diabetes centre in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Vaillancourt Monica , Mok Elise , Frei Jennifer , Dasgupta Kaberi , Rahme Elham , Bell Lorraine , Da Costa Deborah , Nakhla Meranda 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionAmong youth living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the increasing demands to diabetes self-care and medical follow-up during the transition from paediatric to adult care has been associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Inadequate healthcare support for youth during the transition care period could exacerbate psychosocial risks and difficulties that are common during emerging adulthood. The current investigation sought to explore the post-transfer perceptions of emerging adults living with T1D relating to their transition to adult care.Research design and methodsThirty-three emerging adults living with T1D were recruited during paediatric care and contacted for a semistructured interview post-transfer to adult care (16.2±4.2 months post-transfer) in Montreal, Canada. We analysed data using thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified four key themes: (1) varied perceptions of the transition process from being quick and abrupt with minimal advice or information from paediatric healthcare providers (HCP) to more positive including a greater motivation for self-management and the transition being concurrent with the developmental period; (2) facilitators to the transition process included informational and tangible social support from HCPs and family or friends, a positive relationship with adult HCP and a greater ease in communicating with the adult care clinic or adult HCP; (3) barriers to adequate transition included lack of advice or information from paediatric HCPs, loss of support from HCPs and friends or family, the separation of healthcare services and greater difficulty in making appointments with adult clinic or HCP and (4) participants recommendations for improving the transition included increasing the length and frequency of appointments in adult care, having access to educational information, and better transition preparation from paediatric HCPs.ConclusionsThe experiences and perceptions of emerging adults are invaluable to guide the ongoing development and improvement of transition programmes for childhood-onset chronic illnesses.
Scale-up of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) men’s health behaviour change program: a protocol for a randomised controlled hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial
Authors: McDonald Matthew David , Brickley Bryce , Pavey Toby , Smith James A , Maiorana Andrew , McCaffrey Tracy , Hillis Graham , Bonson Jason , Chih Hui Jun , Gupta Himanshu , Holmes Scarlett , Hunt Kate , Kerr Deborah A , Kwaśnicka Dominika , Makate Marshall , McVeigh Joanne , Moullin Joanna C , Smith Brendan J , Wharton Lee , Wharton Neil , Quested Eleanor 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionImproving physical activity (PA) and healthy eating is critical for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Behaviour change programmes delivered in sporting clubs can engage men in health behaviour change, but are rarely sustained or scaled-up post trial. Following the success of pilot studies of the Australian Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) programme, a hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial protocol was developed. This protocol outlines methods to: (1) establish if Aussie-FIT is effective at supporting men with or at risk of CVD to sustain improvements in moderate-to-vigorous PA (primary outcome), diet and physical and psychological health and (2) examine the feasibility and utility of implementation strategies to support programme adoption, implementation and sustainment.Methods and analysisA pragmatic multistate/territory hybrid type 2 effectiveness–implementation parallel group randomised controlled trial with a 6-month wait list control arm in Australia. 320 men aged 35–75 years with or at risk of CVD will be recruited. Aussie-FIT involves 12 weekly face-to-face sessions including coach-led interactive education workshops and PA delivered in Australian Football League (Western Australia, Northern Territory) and rugby (Queensland) sports club settings. Follow-up measures will be at 3 and 6 months (both groups) and at 12 months to assess maintenance (intervention group only). Implementation outcomes will be reported using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework.Ethics and disseminationThis multisite study has been approved by the lead ethics committees in the lead site’s jurisdiction, the South Metropolitan Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference RGS4254) and the West Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (HREC1221). Findings will be disseminated at academic conferences, peer-reviewed journals and via presentations and reports to stakeholders, including consumers. Findings will inform a blueprint to support the sustainment and scale-up of Aussie-FIT across diverse Australian settings and populations to benefit men’s health.Trial registration numberThis trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000437662).
Clinical relevance of distinguishing autoimmune nodopathies from CIDP: longitudinal assessment in a large cohort
Authors: Broers Merel C , Wieske Luuk , Erdag Ece , Gürlek Cemre , Bunschoten Carina , van Doorn Pieter A , Eftimov Filip , Kuitwaard Krista , de Vries Juna M , de Wit Marie-Claire Y , Nagtzaam Mariska MP , Franken Suzanne C , Zhu Louisa , Paunovic Manuela , de Wit Maurice , Schreurs Marco WJ , Lleixà Cinta , Martín-Aguilar Lorena , Pascual-Goñi Elba , Querol Luis , Jacobs Bart C , Huizinga Ruth , Titulaer Maarten J 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine treatment response and whether it is associated with antibody titre change in patients with autoimmune nodopathy (AN) previously diagnosed as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), and to compare clinical features and treatment response between AN and CIDP.MethodsSerum IgG antibodies to neurofascin-155 (NF155), contactin-1 (CNTN1) and contactin-associated protein 1 (CASPR1) were detected with cell-based assays in patients diagnosed with CIDP. Clinical improvement was determined using the modified Rankin scale, need for alternative and/or additional treatments and assessment of the treating neurologist.ResultsWe studied 401 patients diagnosed with CIDP and identified 21 patients with AN (10 anti-NF155, 6 anti-CNTN1, 4 anti-CASPR1 and 1 anti-NF155/anti-CASPR1 double positive). In patients with AN ataxia (68% vs 28%, p=0.001), cranial nerve involvement (34% vs 11%, p=0.012) and autonomic symptoms (47% vs 22%, p=0.025) were more frequently reported; patients with AN improved less often after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (39% vs 80%, p=0.002) and required additional/alternative treatments more frequently (84% vs 34%, p<0.001), compared with patients with CIDP. Antibody titres decreased or became negative in patients improving on treatment. Treatment withdrawal was associated with a titre increase and clinical deterioration in four patients.ConclusionsDistinguishing CIDP from AN is important, as patients with AN need a different treatment approach. Improvement and relapses were associated with changes in antibody titres, supporting the pathogenicity of these antibodies.
Delivery of UK military upper limb prosthetics: current concepts and future directions
Authors: Thomas Robert Llewellyn , Howes R , McMenemy L , Hindle P , Wordsworth M , Staruch R 
Published: October 2023

Upper limb prosthetics have a challenging task. A natural upper limb combines strength, coordination and dexterity to accomplish daily activities such as eating, writing, working and social interaction. Artificially replicating these functions requires a prosthetic with composite, synchronous motor function while maintaining sensory feedback and skeletal stability. Achieving these functions requires interfaces between biology and machine across nerve, muscle, bone and skin. This leads to issues related to infection, foreign material encapsulation and implant stability, and electrical signal transduction and interpretation. Over the last 20 years the advent of technologies such as osseointegration, targeted muscle reinnervation, implantable myoelectric sensors, peripheral nerve interfaces and pattern recognition technology has sought to address these problems.Due to many advances in prehospital care, truncated timelines to damage control surgery and improved combat personal protective equipment, the numbers of amputees have increased with more patients surviving injury. From October 2001 to March 2019 there were 333 amputees from Afghanistan and Iraq compared with 457 fatalities over a similar period. Over a third of these were significant multiple amputees. With a functional, robust upper limb prosthetic which mirrors or exceeds normal function, injured service personnel could be returned to an active combat role. This has benefits for their physical and mental health, improves employability prospects and allows Defence to retain some of its most highly motivated and skilled people who represent significant financial investment.
Nine years of surgical activity in the deployed French military role 2 medical treatment facility in Mali
Authors: Pfister Georges , Aries P , de Lesquen H , Mathieu L 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIn January 2013, France launched a military operation in Mali, which ended in August 2022. This study aimed to analyse the global activity performed by a surgical team within the role 2 medical treatment facility (MTF) deployed in Gao during this period, in order to adapt medical battlefield support and combat casualty care teaching.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using the French surgical database OpEX (French Military Health Service) from January 2013 to August 2022. All patients operated on were included.ResultsDuring this period, 1298 patients with a median age of 29 (range: 23–38) years were included. Among them, 229 (17.6%) underwent a combat-related trauma surgery (CRTS), 234 (18.0%) underwent a non-CRTS, 167 (12.9%) underwent a non-trauma-related surgery and 668 (51.5%) underwent a scheduled surgery in the context of medical supply to the population.Among the CRTS group, 195 (85.2%) patients underwent an orthopaedic procedure, 73 (31.8%) required a general surgery. Finally, 15 (6.6%) wounded required a specialised surgery.ConclusionsIn line with the activity described in the role 2 MTF deployed in other contemporary asymmetric conflicts, this activity is moderate, especially if only combat-related injuries are considered; medical support to the population occupied most of the surgical activity. For CRTS, most of the traumas are limb traumas. Other traumas are composed of various lesions, which are often life-threatening. This fact imposes the presence of an orthopaedic surgeon with the appropriate equipment, as well as a general surgeon with a wide range of skills, in asymmetric conflicts.
Prologue: the founding of the Cretaceous System
Authors: Hart Malcolm B. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Following the publication of country-wide geological maps by William Smith and George Bellas Greenhough, Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy embarked on the geological mapping of France and the adjacent areas of the Low Countries and Northern Italy, publishing his map in 1822. In the legend of that map was the rock unit identified as ‘Terrain Crétacé’ and that was the birth of the Cretaceous System that we still use today. During the remainder of the nineteenth century, many geoscientists in Europe, and elsewhere, worked on the Cretaceous strata and – over time – generated our present understanding of the longest period in the Phanerozoic. This includes luminaries such as Alcide d'Orbigny, Charles Darwin, Edmond Hébert, Charles Barrois, Alfred Jukes-Browne and Arthur Rowe. Gradually, the appreciation for Cretaceous climates, sea levels, oceanic anoxia, palaeontology and biogeography expanded, and many of these topics will be covered in contributions to this Special Publication that celebrates the 200th anniversary of the founding of the Cretaceous System.
The dinosaur boom in the Cretaceous
Authors: Benton Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dinosaurs were thriving at the beginning of the Cretaceous, and yet major changes had occurred across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. The sauropods were replaced by ornithopods as dominant herbivores, which has been explained by many ecological scenarios, including the replacement of gymnosperms by angiosperms as dominant land plants. The ornithischians went on to radiate substantially in the mid and Late Cretaceous, with the key clades (hadrosaurs, ceratopsians, ankylosaurs) specializing in different feeding modes and diets, and reaching huge abundance in many faunas. New computational methods allow palaeobiologists to assess aspects of the palaeobiology, macroecology and macroevolution of dinosaurs through the Cretaceous in testable and repeatable ways. These new approaches have shed light on many mysteries, such as whether dinosaurs ate flowers, why the hadrosaurs were so successful and why some theropods became larger or smaller, or switched from carnivory to herbivory. There are further debates around the final demise of dinosaurs, where regional and global data suggest the group was in decline through the latter part of the Late Cretaceous before they were finished by the asteroid impact.
Something Old, Something New: Extending the Life of CPUs in Datacenters
Authors: Tomlinson Amanda , Porter George 
Published: October 2023

Datacenter operators are increasingly powering their operations with low-carbon energy sources such as wind and solar. As a result, the overall carbon footprint of datacenters increasingly comes from the manufacturing phase of server lifecycles. The most direct way to reduce the environmental impact of datacenters is to amortize the manufacturing emissions of hardware over longer timespans by keeping hardware in production beyond today's relatively short refresh cycles.
In this paper we analyze the feasibility of server lifespan extension in datacenters using a series of microbenchmarks. We find that while newer processors outperform older ones, the difference is workload dependent, with some workloads showing promise for older CPUs. We also analyze the potential of incorporating overclocking to further extend server lifespans.
Spatial Transcriptomics Suggests That Alterations Occur in the Preneoplastic Breast Microenvironment of BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Caputo Anthony , Vipparthi Kavya , Bazeley Peter , Downs-Kelly Erinn , McIntire Patrick , Duckworth Lauren A. , Ni Ying , Hu Bo , Keri Ruth A. , Karaayvaz Mihriban 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females, affecting one in every eight women and accounting for the majority of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are significant risk factors for specific subtypes of breast cancer. BRCA1 mutations are associated with basal-like breast cancers, whereas BRCA2 mutations are associated with luminal-like disease. Defects in mammary epithelial cell differentiation have been previously recognized in germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers even before cancer incidence. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we employ spatial transcriptomics to investigate defects in mammary epithelial cell differentiation accompanied by distinct microenvironmental alterations in preneoplastic breast tissues from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and normal breast tissues from noncarrier controls. We uncovered spatially defined receptor–ligand interactions in these tissues for the investigation of autocrine and paracrine signaling. We discovered that β1-integrin-mediated autocrine signaling in BRCA2-deficient mammary epithelial cells may differ from BRCA1-deficient mammary epithelial cells. In addition, we found that the epithelial-to-stromal paracrine signaling in the breast tissues of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers is greater than in control tissues. More integrin–ligand pairs were differentially correlated in BRCA1/2-mutant breast tissues than noncarrier breast tissues with more integrin receptor-expressing stromal cells.

Implications:
These results suggest alterations in the communication between mammary epithelial cells and the microenvironment in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, laying the foundation for designing innovative breast cancer chemo-prevention strategies for high-risk patients.
26. “It’s about transforming lives!”
Authors: Trowler Vicki 
Published: October 2023

Not all students have an equal chance of success in higher education, and many in HE are working to address that. Students might consider themselves “non-traditional” in their study contexts for many reasons, including age, socio-economic background, nationality / ethnicity / “race”, religion, caring responsibilities, gender, disability status, LGBTQIA+ concerns, family estrangement, care experience, being first-in-family to participate in HE, holding non-standard entry qualifications, and many more – with students seldom presenting only a single reason. HE needs to be as “good” to these students as to others.
Using previously unpublished interview data brought into conversation with current concerns, this chapter - in comic strip format - reflects on what makes HE “good”, and how those working or studying in HE, might help to ensure that HE stays (or becomes) “good” when there are so many challenges.
del Nido versus hematic cardioplegia in minimally invasive aortic valve surgery
Authors: Pozzoli Alberto , Gabriella Surace Giuseppina , Torre Tiziano , Bagnato Pietro , Gallo Michele , Toto Francesca , Ferrari Enrico , Demertzis Stefanos 
Published: October 2023

Background The quality of a myocardial protection of a single-dose del Nido cardioplegia versus multiple dose blood-based cardioplegia on myocardial injury, outcomes and operative times in patients undergoing minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is basically unreported. Methods and Results Preoperative and post-operative data, as well as technical details from isolated minimally invasive aortic valve replacements, performed using single-dose or multiple-dose cardioplegia were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. A total of 110 patients undergoing minimally invasive valve replacements at our institution composed two groups: 55 patients in the blood cardioplegia group (BloCa) and 55 in the del Nido group (DeNiCa). The two-matched groups were comparable in terms of preoperative variables. In the DeNiCa group, there was a statistically significant less need for cardiac defibrillation after aortic cross-clamp release ( p < 0.001). Moreover, the BloCa group received intraoperatively more blood transfusions ( p = 0.001) and more insulin administration for higher glucose levels ( p < 0.001). The BloCa group showed higher intraoperative lactate levels ( p = 0.01). Need for post-operative inotropic and vasoactive support, Creatine Kinase-MB levels after 6 and 12 h, onset of post-operative atrial fibrillation and length of stay were similar. No deaths occurred in neither groups. Conclusion Single-dose del Nido cardioplegia in the setting of minimally invasive aortic surgery seems to offer adequate myocardial protection, comparable to multiple dose hematic cardioplegia. It has been documented a lower peri-operative need of defibrillation after cross-clamp release, lactate- and glucose peak values, as well as less blood transfusions compared to blood cardioplegic strategy.