bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic costs associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors among Australian adolescents
Authors: Thai Thao T. H. , Le Ha N. D. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Austin S. Bryn , Le Long Khanh‐Dao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored the relationship between unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) and their associated economic costs among adolescents using the 2014–2018 Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).MethodsLSAC data in Wave 6 (n = 3538 adolescents aged 14–15 years), Wave 7 n = 3089 adolescents aged 16–17 years), and Wave 8 (n = 3037 adolescents aged 18–19 years) were derived from a representative sample of Australian adolescents. UWCBs were measured using the self‐reported Branched Eating Disorder Test questionnaire. UWCBs were sub‐classified into having fasting behaviors, using weight loss supplements or purging behaviors. Economic costs include healthcare and productivity costs to caregivers. Healthcare costs were measured using data from the Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits, which includes both medical and pharmaceutical costs. Productivity losses were measured using caregivers' lost leisure time due to UWCBs among adolescents.ResultsThe mixed effect model identified statistically significant higher economic costs (mean difference = $453, 95% CIs $154, $752), higher health care costs (mean difference = $399, 95% CIs $102, $695), and higher productivity costs (mean difference = $59, 95% CIs $29, $90) for adolescents with UWCBs compared to their peers with no UWCBs. Subgroup analysis revealed that higher costs were associated with fasting and purging behaviors.DiscussionUWCBs were associated with increased economic costs during adolescence. Our finding suggests there should be a policy focus on tackling UWCBs to reduce the economic burden on the healthcare system and society.Public SignificanceThe study contributes to existing knowledge by investigating the direct healthcare costs and productivity losses associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors in Australian adolescents (14–18 years old) using a dataset that follows Australian adolescents over time. We found that engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors such as fasting, using weight loss supplements, and purging was linked to higher costs among adolescents, suggesting policies should focus on addressing these behaviors.
Analytical method of DC input impedance for stability analysis of IPM motor drive system
Authors: Karino Takaya , Kato Toshiji , Inoue Kaoru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical calculation method of frequency characteristics of DC input impedances of an IPM motor drive system for design and stability analysis by the impedance method. The proposed method is based on an averaged frequency model linearized at an operating point. The developed small‐signal model considers control principles and mechanical perturbations. It is an analog and digital mixed model which is controlled by a digital signal processor system. Analysis examples of frequency characteristics for the impedance method by the proposed method are investigated and validated analytically and experimentally.
Synthesis of Spiro[4.5]ecanes by Au(I)‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Conia Ene Reaction
Authors: Liu Fuhai , Ruan Zhongting , Duan Xiaoguang , Ma Ruize , Su Xujuan , Liang Ning , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAu(I) catalysed vinylogous Conia ene reaction was developed to construct the densely functionalized spiro[4.5]‐deca‐1,6‐diene‐8‐ones from easily available 4‐alkyne tethered cyclohex‐2‐enones. 17 substrates with multiple substitutes on the cyclohex‐2‐enone ring were explored to afford the corresponding spiro[4.5]in 52–81 % yields. This reaction features mild conditions, wide substrate scope and atom economic characters.
Design consideration and recent developments in flexible, transparent and wearable antenna technology: A review
Authors: Soni Gaurav Kumar , Yadav Dinesh , Kumar Ashok 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe wearable technology and flexible electronics have been convoluted in modern technologies and many of applications especially insensors, biomedical, displays, solar panels, glasses, smart cities, integrated circuits, and wireless body area network (WBAN). They offer capability of mechanical deformation conditions mainly stretchable, bendable, foldable features and capable to severe environmental conditions. Nowadays, a device having lightweight, low‐profile, compact in size and flexible deployment on the system platforms is preferred. With the flexibility in the design of the antenna, they require flexible, robust, easy to wear, visually imperceptible, unobtrusiveness, and planar material for the realization. The characteristics of the wearable antenna may vary according to the material conductivity and their optical transparency, substrate selection and their thickness along with permittivity opted for and mechanical deformation behavior. Generally, the textile material is utilized to design the flexible wearable antenna due to material flexibility which can minimize the losses and enhance the antenna performance. Conversely, the visually imperceptible and flexible material is utilized to design transparent wearable antenna due to appropriate trade‐off between conductivity and optical transparency of the materials. For diverse WBAN applications, the flexible, transparent, and wearable antennas are utilized. This paper elaborates the comprehensive review and the state‐of‐the‐art research on the diverse categories of the wearable antennas based on the substrate characteristics such as flexibility and transparency. In addition, it provides the broad investigation of the flexible and transparent materials utilized to design wearable antennas and different tissue layers with their dielectric properties to develop the human multilayer phantom model.
5‐Coloring reconfiguration of planar graphs with no short odd cycles
Authors: Cranston Daniel W. , Mahmoud Reem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe coloring reconfiguration graph has as its vertex set all the proper ‐colorings of , and two vertices in are adjacent if their corresponding ‐colorings differ on a single vertex. Cereceda conjectured that if an ‐vertex graph is ‐degenerate and , then the diameter of is . Bousquet and Heinrich proved that if is planar and bipartite, then the diameter of is . (This proves Cereceda's Conjecture for every such graph with degeneracy 3.) They also highlighted the particular case of Cereceda's Conjecture when is planar and has no 3‐cycles. As a partial solution to this problem, we show that the diameter of is for every planar graph with no 3‐cycles and no 5‐cycles.
Evaluation of reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in clinical laboratories: A single‐center study
Authors: Tian Wen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Geng Shuying , Wang Jianxin , Ji Wenjuan , Xu Yanli , Gao Xu , Li Xin , Lin Ling , Liu Yuanni , Song Chuan , Chen Zhihai , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an acute infectious disease prevalent in East Asia with a high mortality rate (5%–30%). Reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP), a rapid nucleic acid‐based diagnostic technique, is a useful alternative for the clinical diagnosis of SFTS, particularly in resource‐limited hospitals or rural clinics in SFTS virus‐endemic regions. However, the actual clinical sensitivity and specificity of RT‐LAMP remain unclear. This study evaluated the field application of RT‐LAMP. This prospective field study included 130 patients with laboratory‐confirmed SFTS from Yantai, Shandong Province, China. Two sets of RT‐LAMP primers were validated, and one set of RT‐LAMP assays was optimized for field detection. Nucleic acids of serially collected serum/plasma samples were identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and RT‐LAMP. In laboratory tests, we optimized the detection time of primer set 2 for the RT‐LAMP to 60 min. Notably, the onsite testing of 279 plasma samples from patients with SFTS revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 81.9% and 96.3%, respectively. We also analyzed samples with different durations of the disease, and our study showed that the sensitivity of RT‐LAMP detection at the beginning of admission was 89.92%. Univariate analysis showed that the detection rate of RT‐LAMP was similar to that of RT‐qPCR in the first 5 days of the disease course and was lower than that of RT‐qPCR on Days 6 and 14–15 of the disease course. The positive detection rate in patients aged ≥ 65 years was significantly higher than that in younger age groups. RT‐LAMP is a simple, suitable, and rapid clinical detection method of SFTS onsite screening. It is more suitable for screening patients in the early stages of the disease and analyzing samples obtained from patients aged ≥ 65 years before the 6th day of the disease course.
A paradigm for post‐embryonic Oct4 re‐expression: E7‐induced hydroxymethylation regulates Oct4 expression in cervical cancer
Authors: Panayiotou Theofano , Eftychiou Marios , Patera Eleutherios , Promponas Vasilis J. , Strati Katerina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Octamer‐binding transcription factor‐4 (Oct4) is upregulated in different malignancies, yet a paradigm for mechanisms of Oct4 post‐embryonic re‐expression is inadequately understood. In cervical cancer, Oct4 expression is higher in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related than HPV‐unrelated cervical cancers and this upregulation correlates with the expression of the E7 oncogene. We have reported that E7 affects the Oct4‐transcriptional output and Oct4‐related phenotypes in cervical cancer, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we characterize the Oct4‐protein interactions in cervical cancer cells via computational analyses and Mass Spectrometry and reveal that Methyl‐binding proteins (MBD2 and MBD3), are determinants of Oct4‐driven transcription. E7 triggers MBD2 downregulation and TET1 upregulation, thereby disrupting the methylation status of the Oct4 gene. This coincides with an increase in the total DNA hydroxymethylation leading to the re‐expression of Oct4 in cervical cancer and likely affecting broader transcriptional patterns. Our findings reveal a previously unreported mechanism by which the E7 oncogene can regulate Oct4 re‐expression and global transcriptional patterns by increasing DNA hydroxymethylation and lowering the barrier to cellular plasticity during carcinogenesis.
Eliminating COVID‐19 as the immediate culprit for igniting pancreatitis
Authors: Ge Peng , Luo Yalan , Liu Jie , Liu Jin , Wen Haiyun , Zhang Guixin , Chen Hailong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on the potential development of pancreatitis is a subject of ongoing debate within academic discourse. Establishing a causal link between COVID‐19 and pancreatitis may not be fully supported by relying only on retrospective studies or case reports. This study examined the relationship between COVID‐19 phenotypes and pancreatitis by Mendelian randomization (MR) method. The identification of instrumental variables (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that exhibit a robust association with the COVID‐19 phenotypes was accomplished through a meticulous process of rigorous screening procedures. We included acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis (CP) as the outcomes in the MR analysis, even though no definitive studies exist between COVID‐19 and CP. A direct causal relationship between genetically predicted COVID‐19 phenotypes and pancreatitis risk cannot be established. There is an ongoing debate over the designation of COVID‐19 as a definitive cause of pancreatitis.
Evolution of neutralizing antibodies through vaccination and breakthrough infections in the era of COVID‐19 endemicity
Authors: Yang Jinyoung , Kim Hye‐Jin , Kim Jun‐Won , Baek Jin Yang , Lee Young Jae , Choi Ju‐yeon , Kim Su‐Hwan , Jeong Hyeonji , Chung Eun Joo , Rhie Gi‐eun , Park Byoung Kwon , Lee So‐Young , Peck Kyong Ran , Kim Byoungguk , Ko Jae‐Hoon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite a high vaccination rate, the COVID‐19 pandemic continues with immune‐evading Omicron variants. The success of additional antigenic stimulation through breakthrough infection (BI) and updated vaccination in overcoming antigenic imprinting needs to be determined. Participants in a long‐term follow‐up cohort of healthcare worker (HCW) vaccinee were categorized according to their infection/vaccination status. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike/nucleocapsid protein antibodies were measured, and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) against wild‐type (WT), BA.5, BN.1, and XBB.1.5 were conducted. The neutralization activity of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products was evaluated to assess the immune status of the general population. Ninety‐five HCWs were evaluated and categorized into seven groups. The WT PRNT ND50 value was highest regardless of infection/vaccination status, and groups with recent antigenic stimulation showed high PRNT titers overall. Groups with double Omicron stimulation, either by BI plus BA.4/5 bivalent vaccination or repeated BI, exhibited significantly higher BA.5 and BN.1 PRNT to WT PRNT ratios than those with single Omicron stimulation. Overall group immunity was estimated to be boosted in January 2023, reflecting the effect of the BA.4/5 bivalent booster and additional BIs, but slightly declined in June 2023. A substantial increase in the antibody concentrations of IVIG products was noticed in 2022, and recently produced IVIG products exhibited a substantial level of cross‐reactive neutralizing activity against emerging variants. Neutralizing activity against emerging variants could be enhanced by repeated antigenic stimulation via BI and/or updated vaccination. Overall group immunity was elevated accordingly, and IVIG products showed substantial activity against circulating strains.
Broadband, high gain 2 × 2 subarray and 2 × 8 cavity‐backed antenna arrays for 5G mmWave applications
Authors: Asci Yavuz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, linearly polarized 2 × 2 subarray and 2 × 8 element cavity‐backed antennas are proposed for 5G millimeter‐wave (mmWave) applications. Initially, the 2 × 2 subarray is designed, manufactured, and tested. According to the measured results, the 2 × 2 subarray has a wide fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 24.7% (|S11| < −10 dB, 22.3‒28.6 GHz) which covers the main spectrum allocations for the 5G cellular network. A broadband 1 × 4 corporate feed network is designed, which is challenging and crucial, to form 2 × 8 antenna array. The experimental results show that the final 2 × 8 antenna array has a wide FBW of 23% (|S11| < −10 dB, 22.3‒28 GHz), with a boresight gain of 20.5 dBi. Throughout the operating band, a stable gain of 19.5 ± 1 dBi is achieved. The 2 × 8 antenna array has good and stable radiation characteristics; SLLs are less than −13 dB and XPol is better than −20 dB for both E‐ and H‐planes across the entire operating frequency. Stubs are added between adjacent subarrays in the E‐plane to suppress mutual coupling and to improve gain of 2 × 8 antenna, which results in broadband impedance characteristics. The size of the 2 × 8 antenna array is 6.3λο × 8.1λο × 1.3λο, where λοis the free space wavelength at 25 GHz. These results show that the proposed antenna has potential for 5G millimeter‐wave applications requiring broadband and high gain.
High‐gain wideband all‐dielectric digital metasurface reflectarray antenna for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Bansal Shivam , Singh Amit Kumar , Bashir Gazali 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an additive manufacturing technique to design and prototype a reflective metasurface antenna for Ka‐band applications. The dielectric cuboidal element with an air‐filled void is designed to act as a unit cell for designing a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed phase‐graded metasurface reflector. The designed phase‐graded metasurface reflector is a 3‐bit quantized highly reflective surface, designed by rigorous unit cell optimizations. The quantized unit cells are distributed to provide a 45° phase gradient and wideband reflections operating from 24 to 38 GHz. The designed reflector is excited by a wideband 3D‐printed horn antenna placed at the optimized focal point. The simulated and measured results indicate the designed antenna achieves a maximum gain of 23.66 dBi with a gain enhancement of 60%. The designed antenna is found to have a 1 dB stable gain bandwidth of 4 GHz, from 28 to 32 GHz with a maximum gain of 23.66 dBi at 30 GHz.
Are the attitudes and beliefs of Australian exercise‐based practitioners associated with their use of, and confidence in, treatment modalities for people with chronic low back pain?
Authors: Gibbs Mitchell T. , Last Theo , Marshall Paul , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPractitioners' attitudes and beliefs towards chronic low back pain (CLBP) influence their clinical decision making, but few studies have investigated decision making outside the context of patient vignettes for a range of first‐ and second‐line treatment options for CLBP, or in accredited exercise physiologists (AEPs).MethodsUsing an online survey, Australian AEPs and physiotherapists rated their use of different treatments for CLBP (exercise, education, manual therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy) and their confidence in these treatments for reducing pain and disability. Their biomedical and biopsychosocial beliefs were also assessed using the Pain and Attitudes Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Differences between disciplines in treatment use and confidence were analysed using Mann–Whitney U tests and independent t‐tests, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to explore factors associated with treatment choices.ResultsTwo‐hundred thirty‐three practitioners (n = 143 physiotherapists, n = 90 AEPs) completed the survey. Most practitioners were confident in treating CLBP, had a moderate—high level of confidence in the different treatments, and regularly used them in practice. Practitioners with higher biomedical beliefs had greater use of, and confidence in, specific exercise, manual therapy, and combined exercise and manual therapy. Practitioners with higher biopsychosocial beliefs were more confident in general exercise, cognitive behavioural therapy, pain education and combined exercise and pain education.ConclusionPractitioner beliefs influence their use of, and confidence in different treatments for CLBP. These findings suggest a need for strategies to enhance biopsychosocial beliefs/reduce biomedical beliefs in Australian exercise‐based practitioners.
Simultaneous time‐of‐flight MR angiography and quantitative susceptibility mapping with key time‐of‐flight features
Authors: De Ashmita , Grenier Justin , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA technique for combined time‐of‐flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was developed with key features of standard three‐dimensional (3D) TOF acquisitions, including multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition (MOTSA), ramped RF excitation, and venous saturation. The developed triple‐echo 3D TOF‐QSM sequence enabled TOF‐MRA, susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), QSM, and R2* mapping. The effects of ramped RF, resolution, flip angle, venous saturation, and MOTSA were studied on QSM. Six volunteers were scanned at 3 T with the developed sequence, conventional TOF‐MRA, and conventional SWI. Quantitative comparison of susceptibility values on QSM and normalized arterial and venous vessel‐to‐background contrasts on TOF and SWI were performed. The ramped RF excitation created an inherent phase variation in the raw phase. A generic correction factor was computed to remove the phase variation to obtain QSM without artifacts from the TOF‐QSM sequence. No statistically significant difference was observed between the developed and standard QSM sequence for susceptibility values. However, maintaining standard TOF features led to compromises in signal‐to‐noise ratio for QSM and SWI, arising from the use of MOTSA rather than one large 3D slab, higher TOF spatial resolution, increased TOF background suppression due to larger flip angles, and reduced venous signal from venous saturation. In terms of vessel contrast, veins showed higher normalized contrast on SWI derived from TOF‐QSM than the standard SWI sequence. While fast flowing arteries had reduced contrast compared with standard TOF‐MRA, no statistical difference was observed for slow flowing arteries. Arterial contrast differences largely arise from the longer TR used in TOF‐QSM over standard TOF‐MRA to accommodate additional later echoes for SWI. In conclusion, although the sequence has a longer TR and slightly lower arterial contrast, provided an adequate correction is made for ramped RF excitation effects on phase, QSM may be performed from a multiecho sequence that includes all key TOF features, thus enabling simultaneous TOF‐MRA, SWI, QSM, and R2* map computation.
Fatigue‐crack‐propagation behavior and mechanism of long hemp‐fiber‐enhanced styrene–butadiene rubber/carbon black compounds
Authors: Liang Jiuming , Zhang Hao , Luo Zhu , Zhong Jincheng , Wang Xingyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBiomass renewable fiber has the advantages of low cost and environmental friendliness; however, its application as a reinforcement material is limited owing to its poor reinforcement effect. Thus, expanding its application is still a major challenge. This study investigates the effect of hemp fiber (HF) of different lengths on the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of styrene‐butadiene rubber/carbon black (SBR/CB) compounds using high‐pressure low‐shear extrusion. The results showed that the length of the HF retained by the extrusion process was approximately 10 times that of the traditional internal mixing process (internal mixing and open mixing). Interface bonding between the long HF coated with butadiene‐vinyl pyridine latex (VPL) and the SBR/CB matrix was improved significantly. This inhibited the fatigue‐crack propagation and considerably improved the dynamic fatigue life of the notched specimens. The dynamic fatigue life of the notched specimens of the composite prepared by the extrusion process was approximately nine times longer than that of the traditional internal mixing process. The results showed that the long HF length retained after the extrusion process effectively enhanced the strength of the rubber composites and significantly improved the dynamic fatigue life of rubber products under alternating stress.Highlights
The raw material, hemp fiber, is a renewable resource, low cost and environmentally friendly.
Pioneering a new process for preparing rubber composite materials, replacing the traditional process for preparing composite materials.
High‐pressure, low‐shear extrusion process retains the length of the hemp fibers and improves rubber composites properties.
Compared to traditional processes，long fiber length is 10 times longer by the extrusion process and fatigue life is increased to 9 times.
High‐pressure, low‐shear extrusion process enables mass production, opening up new ideas for rubber industrial production.