bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory’s Time: Chronology and Duration in Holocaust Testimonies
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If we are to trust the titles, memory itself is not neutral. Between Memory and Hope implies one agenda; The Ruins of Memory, another. One tries to edify; the other, to plunge us without life preservers into the maelstrom of the disaster. In the end, unlike Dante, the pilgrim of the Holocaust must learn to mistrust all guides, whether they lead us toward closure or not. Unlike history, memory can be a very private adventure, and when the Holocaust is its object, it can be a threatening one. Virgil could lead Dante through an Inferno ruled by external order: the consolations of Paradise lighten for the reader the harrowing experience of Hell.
Beyond Theodicy: Jewish Victims and the Holocaust
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The situations of Job and of Jesus have created a pattern for thinking about suffering that continues to inspire the human imagination up to the present time. Two of the most famous lines from the Gospels, spoken at Jesus’s moment of ultimate agony-”My God, my God, why hast thou for saken me?” and “Forgive them, Father, they know not what they do”-are addressed to a divinity in whose existence the speaker has total faith. The momentary despair of the first query and the compassion of the second comment leave faith in divine power and love intact, even while admitting the human limited ability to understand their operation.
A Tainted Legacy: Remembering the Warsaw Ghetto
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Does Holocaust “remembrance” have redemptive power? Although this assumption has nurtured an extensive commentary on the Holocaust, it is at odds, linguistically and ultimately factually, with the reality of the survivors’ memory. In framing the Holocaust through the lens of heroic rhetoric, Holocaust chroniclers exhibit their own discomfort with the facts left to us by Holocaust victims, dead and alive, and reveal the inadequacy of our language in the face of what there is to tell.
Cultural Resistance to Genocide
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The expression “cultural resistance to genocide” consoles us even before we attempt to understand its implications. “Genocide,” a term coined in 1944 to describe the physical destruction of European Jewry by the Nazis in World War II, threatens to engulf us with the finality of its achievement: nearly 6 million Jewish victims, with more in the offing, had not Hitler’s defeat ended the carnage. “Resistance to genocide,” as both concept and fact, restores a measure of dignity to the victim (and bestows crucial psychological satisfaction on us as retrospective spectators of the event).
Fictional Facts and Factual Fictions: History in Holocaust Literature
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I call this essay fictional facts and factual fictions in order to suggest a symbiotic kinship between actual and imaginative truth in the literature of the Holocaust. One of the ‘ . many tasks of Holocaust criticism is to clarify the complex bond, in the minds of both author and audience, linking the oppressions of history to the impressers of art. Normally, the artist is free, and indeed expected, to manipulate reality in any way his vision sees fit. The imagination seizes experience, drops it into its crucible, allows it to ferment, and offers the results to a tolerant and often eager public.
Malamud’s Jews and the Holocaust Experience
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How much of world literature, from Job and Oedipus through Tolstoy and Dostoevsky to Saul Bellow and Bernard Malamud, embraces the principle that suffering kindles a moral advantage, an inner discipline, a spiritual strength? The capacity to suffer, with its accompanying cleansing and sanctifying of consciousness, distinguishes us from the beasts. It makes us more human. It helps us-theoretically, as lighted by the prism of literature-to bear with dignity the burdens of living and dying. Despite the formulaic tone of these sentiments, they have served the literary imagination as irreducible havens of the human in the midst of the unfolding and expanding oppressions and atrocities of history, especially in our own time. Even a resolute secularist like Camus embraced the disciplinary value of suffering.
What More Can Be Said About the Holocaust?
Authors: Langer Lawrence L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I can hardly remember a Holocaust conference I’ve attended during the past decade where someone hasn’t echoed George Santayana’s solemn platitude that those who ig‘nore the past are doomed to repeat it. The so-called ethnic “ cleansing in Yugoslavia is only one of a dozen episodes in recent years to prove that Santayana’s maxim is nothing more than a piece of rhetorical excess-yet we continue to use it as if it played a vital role in defining the meaning of atrocity in our time. Indeed, it could be argued about the violence in Bosnia that the contending forces not only have not ignored the past of the Holocaust, but have paid careful attention to it in order to learn more about how to dehumanize their enemy in the name of some purifying ideology.
With Pleasure
Authors: Abramson Paul R , Pinkerton Steven D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What role, does sexual pleasure play in our lives? Is the pursuit of sexual enjoyment in our blood? Our brains? Our very nature? Challenging everything from the mandates of the Catholic Church to the current debates about pornography, and from the controversy surrounding gay rights to issues of gender and feminism, With Pleasure explores a new theory of human sexuality that ignites many of the most explosive topics in the public domain. Supported by rigorous research, With Pleasure argues that human sexuality cannot be understood if its significance is limited to reproduction alone. Its central thesis is that in humans reproduction itself occurs as a byproduct of pleasure - not the other way around - and that it is the strong drive for pleasure that makes people overcome many obstacles and even life-threatening dangers (such as AIDS) to have sex. The authors present sexual pleasure as a unifying phenomenon to account for the enormous variety of meanings, practices, and functions of sexuality.
“Reminders of the Dignified Life of Our Forefathers”
Authors: Lindgren James M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Authenticity” and “continuity” were words frequently mentioned by preservationists not simply to define the desired qualities of historic sites but implicitly to show their dissatisfaction with modernity. As a result, Appleton and his colleagues wanted to develop museums that would il lustrate the early lives of Yankees and show their relevance to modern New England. While SPNEA principally focused on preserving threatened buildings, it also worked to recreate the earlier environment by establishing an arts-and-crafts museum, developing period rooms, and building a folk park such as Skansen. Ironically, these efforts were both helped and hampered by a newer interest in antiques. More Americans were indeed finding solace in an imagined past through its material vestiges, but as art museums, speculators, and homeowners increasingly absorbed the nostalgia of the Colonial Revival, they began to ransack old buildings. By the 1920s preservation was readjusting to the contours of consumerism. What pushed SPNEA into the museum movement was the realization that there were glaring holes in the historical picture. For too long scholars had almost solely relied on the written records of once-famous Yankee men, thus slighting the more numerous settlers who left little or no written record. That omission was aggravated by the fact that many antiquaries, nurtured by a heady brew of Victorian domesticity, were interested in early home life.
The Nature of a Popular Front
Authors: Horn Gero-Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hendrik de Man was crucially aware of the necessity to win allies to the working class-based socialist ideal. Yet, contrary to received revisionist wisdom, the Flemish social democrat refused to link this search for a broader social base to a softening of the social agenda of the multiclass movement he hoped to construct. Essentially, de Man pursued a pragmatic approach, with strategies and tactics changing in accord with the overall political conjuncture. In times of relative social peace, “in order to envisage an alliance with the middle classes, or propaganda among the midddle classes, one needed to pour water into our wine,” meaning that socialists would have done well to tone down their social message; “today, when we are dealing with revolutionized [revolutionnees] middle classes, even if they are not yet revolutionaries, we need to add wine to our water, if we want to win them over!” In the concrete circumstances of the 1930s, the Flemish social democrat banked on the inbuilt dynamic of a forward-looking, radical approach when attempting to win “the middle classes” to the side of the socialist movement. In fact, de Man refused to see a differ ence between social democratic alliance politics regarding nonproletarian strata and the question of the proletarian united front: “This opposition which some would like to establish between, on the one hand, unity of the working class and, on the other hand, the alliance with the middle class is a false opposition. The truth is that the conditions for a rallying of proletarian forces are exactly the same as those for the rallying of proletarian and nonproletarian anticapitalist forces.” The way out of the seeming impasse of the Left appeared to lie, then, in the simultaneous attempt to unify the splintered working-class constituency and to draw the disaffected elements of the “old” and “new” middle classes into the forward motion of a rejuvenated, radicalized social democracy. The way to gain petit-bourgeois support, for de Man, seemed to lie in the installment of hope and the resurrection of an optimistic perspective. And this, so he argued, could only be achieved by the promotion of a fundamental break with the prevailing social order. United front politics was held to be the answer to the threat of social and political dislocation.
Last Thoughts First
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some years after I had moved away from New York City and left my performing activities behind, I learned that a fable lived on there about a self-serving choir director who used to give dreadfully un-authentic performances of Renaissance music and who, when this was pointed out to him, resolved not to reform but instead to wreck the whole idea of authenticity. “And that,” the fable concludes, “is why we can no longer use the word.” That is flattering, but not what I remember. What I remember is that in 1981 I was asked by Professor D. Kern Holoman on behalf of the American Musicological Society to participate in a panel at that year’s national meeting to be called ‘‘The Musicologist Today and in the Future,” in which a group of “younger” spokesmen for the profession would assess prospects for music scholarship from various “applied” perspectives.
The Limits of Authenticity: A Contribution
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was struck, recently, to read what Sylvia Townsend Warner told Vaughan Williams when he asked her, “a little sternly,” why she had given up composing for a literary career. ‘‘I didn’t do it authentically enough,” she explained, “whereas when I turned to writing I never had adoubt as to what I meant to say.” Here, though very casually put, was an exigent conception of authenticity indeed- one with a long, illustrious history, but very much with us still in many areas of life. Woody Allen, for example, in one of his covertly moralizing comedies, observes (in character) that when one is confronting death, one’s life all at once assumes an authenticity it might have lacked before. His obvious meaning-that one’s values and priorities take on a previously unacknowledged and compelling clarity-strikes a responsive chord in each of us, whether or not we know that we have been given a satirical crash course in existentialism.
The Pastness of the Present and the Presence of the Past
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Do we really want to talk about “authenticity”any more? I had hoped a consensus was forming that to use the word in connection with the performance of music-and especially to define a particular style, manner, or philosophy of performance-is neither description nor critique, but commercial propaganda, the stock-in-trade of press agents and promoters. I note with some satisfaction that John Spitzer’s entry under “authenticity” in the New Harvard Dictionary of Music does not even mention performance.1 It deals, rather, with “the nature of the link between a composer and a work that bears his or her name,” that is, with texts and transmission, the traditional and proper domain of scholarly authentication.
The New Antiquity
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For raising questions like these over the last several years, I seem to have acquired the reputation of a renegade among those in the movement for whom answers must be simple. Since I was among the first to question the No. 1 assumption on which the movement has based its claims—viz., that it is one of historical reconstruction and that therein lies its value—I am forever being chided for holding the simple-minded view that only complete and certain knowledge is knowledge at all, and that therefore research into performance practice is futile. It is true that I have been eager to call attention to the inevitability of “gaps between the facts,“ and hence to the necessity for creative guesswork in any attempt at reconstruction, to the point where the word reconstruction is put into question.
Report from Lincoln Center: The International Josquin FestivalConference, 21-25 June 1971
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now that the International Josquin Festival-Conference has joined its protagonist in history, one is almost at a loss to fix on paper an adequate sense of the experience-engrossing, enlightening, exhausting, and ultimately ecstatic-which the participants and spectators underwent in the course of five days’ total immersion in Josquiniana. The quality of the research papers and musical performances maintained a standard high enough to make the effort of sustained concentration a burden gladly borne. Moreover, the conference was provocative and challenging to the point of controversy, with constant discussion and argument filling the hours between sessions and concerts-making plain the ultimate wisdom of the decision to limit stringently participation from the floor. In his keynote address, Friedrich Blume summarized the state of Josquin research and called particular attention to lacunae in the composer’s biography and to the need for a more certain establishment of authenticity and chronology in his works. Gratifyingly, many of the best papers addressed themselves to these problems. Among those dealing with biography, Edward Lowinsky, the festival’s indefatigable director, gave a spectacular demonstration of the inspired speculation for which he is famous, in “Ascanio Sforza’s Life: A Key to Josquin’s Biography and an Aid to the Chronology of His Works.”
The Price of Literacy, or, Why We Need Musicology
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The performances on this record are beautifully sung, with impeccable intonation and ravishing (if a bit too consistently mezza voce) production; and they are beautifully recorded. It’s not enough. Monteverdi’s second book of madrigals (1590), “restless and heterogeneous,” as Alfred Einstein aptly called it, contains some of his best works in the genre: Ecco mormorar l’onde, one of the great nature descriptions in music; the hotly erotic Non si levav’ancor at the beginning of the book; the grandly motetlike Cantai un tempo at the end. Unlike most of the other books, it seems for some reason never to have been recorded in its entirety. It would have been here except that three of the pieces (Tutte le bocche belle in questo nero volta, Dolcemente).
High, Sweet, and Loud
Authors: Taruskin Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can it really be ten years since Christopher Page first proposed what seemed the unbelievable notion that ‘1ate medieval” (i.e., fourteenthand fifteenth-century) part songs (chansons, in the strictly construed musicological sense) were (hence are to be) performed by voices unassisted by instruments? It seems only yesterday, but there it is in the October 1977 Early Music, that innocuous little translation with commentary of a passage in a treatise of 1392 by the rhetoriqueur Eustache Deschamps, who, it was claimed, was the nephew and pupil of Guillaume de Machaut. Page’s explication of the obscure phrase”la triplicite des voix pour Jes teneurs et contreteneurs” suggested that the untexted tenors and contratenors of courtly chansons were to be vocalized, and that this—though perhaps not the only way such songs might or could have been performed—was at the time considered the best way of doing so, since Deschamps speaks in the same sentence of “ la perfection dudit chant. ”
Conclusion
Authors: Hensel Chase 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have argued that in this bicultural situation ethnicity is largely achieved rather than ascribed. That is, while individuals have concepts of “being Yup'ik” and “being non-Native”, the locally important aspects of these identities consist in how and in what manner one fits within that identity. Ethnicity per se is less important than how one’s actions and discourse situate one within that bicultural continuum. This view results from two related sources.
Design and Analysis of Studies in Environmental Epidemiology
Authors: Steenland Kyle , Deddens James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Basic study designs and analytic methods are covered in all textbooks of epidemiology, and we will not trod through this familiar terrain again. Rather this chapter focuses on three areas of study design and analysis that are uniquely important in environmental epidemiology: ecologic studies, cluster analysis, and errors in measuring (or classifying) exposure.
Water: Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Infectious Agents
Authors: Savitz David A , Moe Christine L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of drinking water have traditionally been divided into two main classes, those of infectious agents and those of chemical contaminants, such as chlorination by-products and pesticides. The concern in the first instance has usually been with epidemics of infectious disease; in the latter it has most often been cancer. Although these two key areas of investigation appear quite distinct, this chapter will demonstrate that the methods to address them are more closely linked than might have been expected.
Mental Health Consequences of Disasters
Authors: Gerrity Ellen T , Flynn Brian W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The mental health consequences of exposure to a natural or technological disaster have not been fully addressed by those in the field of disaster preparedness or service delivery. Although the effects of exposure to trauma and disaster are viewed with various degrees of horror, sympathy, and fear by the general population and the media, a pervasive societal belief continues to exist that money can heal any psychological wounds resulting from the trauma and loss that disaster victims experience. When the wounds do not heal quickly, the phenomenon of blaming the victim can emerge. In this phenomenon, the victim’s situation is viewed as unique or rare or is tied to personal characteristics or responsibility, and thus, is not deserving of large-scale or long-term support from society. This phenomenon, based in large part on fear of their own potential victimization, allows people who did not experience the disaster to view both the disaster and the victim’s reactions as aberrations that are somehow individually caused, and thus separated from and unrelated to normal life.
Is Rape Sex or Violence? Conceptual Issues and Implications
Authors: Muehlenhard Charlene L , Danoff-Burg Sharon , Powch Irene G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The above debate regarding the Violence Against Women Act of 1993 focused on how rape is to be conceptualized: Is rape sex, motivated by lust, or is rape violence? This question has emerged in numerous contexts, including political, scientific, clinical, and interpersonal context.
A simplistic answer to the question–Is rape sex or violence?–would be that nonfeminists view rape as sex, whereas feminists view rape as violence.
Sexual Conflict: Evolutionary Insights into Feminism and the “Battle of the Sexes”
Authors: Buss David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sex, power, conflict, coercion, control, manipulation–these are all strong words that evoke powerful emotions. Why is sex so often linked with these other words? This chapter starts with two fundamental assertions. First, much conflict between the sexes is about sex (Symons, 1979). Second, conflicts about power often center on sexuality and control over sexual access. In this chapter, I argue that evolutionary psychology affords critical insights into the nature and operation of conflicts between the sexes generally, and particular aspects of feminist positions more specifically.
Social Work and Criminal Justice Responses to Elder Abuse in New York City
Authors: Brownell Patricia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although it is not always as horrifying or dramatic as this example from a police report, elder abuse is an social problem of increasing concern to gerontologists and others in the helping professions. The United States House of Representatives Select Committee on Aging issued a report in 1990, Elder Abuse: A Decade of Shame and Inaction, which included the finding that one of every twenty older Americans, or more than 1.5 million people, may be victims of elder abuse. The report also stated that elder abuse is far less likely to be reported than child abuse: Whereas one of every three child abuse cases is reported, only one of eight cases of elder abuse cases is reported.
There is cause for concern for a number of reasons. First is the pain, risk, and danger to which abused elders are exposed. In addition, demographic studies point to the increasing number of aged people in our society, a phenomenon known as the graying of America (Gilford, 1988). Even if the proportion of abused elders in the population (currently estimated at between 3 and 12 percent of the elderly) remained constant, the sheer numbers can be expected to increase.
Children of Battered Women: Research, Programs, and Services
Authors: Carlson Bonnie E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As awareness of the prevalence and impact of domestic violence has grown, professional attention has shifted from the affected adults to the children who are exposed to abuse between their parents. During the 1980s, research on such children proliferated so that we now have enough information to begin to understand the impact on children of observing interparental violence.
Since the early 1980s, research on the impact on children of witnessing violence or abuse between their parents has grown in both quantity and quality. More controlled studies have compared children who have witnessed abuse with matched control or contrast group children who have not witnessed abuse. In addition, controls have been introduced for several factors, including age, gender, the effects of maternal stress, and the effects of also being the victim of physical abuse by a parent. Increasingly, these factors have been conceptualized as mediating variables that can amplify or buffer the impact of abuse. The findings of these research studies are summarized in this chapter.