bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review exploring the clinical features of optic neuritis after SARS-CoV infection and vaccination
Authors: Georganta Iliana , Chasapi Despoina , Smith Charlotte Jayne , Kopsidas Konstantinos , Tatham Andrew 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThis study aims to characterise the symptoms and clinical features of optic neuritis (ON) following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.MethodA literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar) to identify relevant case reports and case series. The records were screened and articles adhering to the inclusion criteria were critically appraised.ResultsSixty-eight studies were found to be eligible for inclusion, including 34 reporting ON following SARS-CoV-2 infection and an equal number reporting cases postvaccination. In total 93 patients and 125 eyes were included. The infection cohort included 42 patients and 56 eyes, 51.2% were female and 33.3% experienced bilateral ON. The mean visual acuity was 1.64 log of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR), while pain was present in 77.8%. Oligoclonal bands were present in 3 patients, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies in 18 patients and AQP-4 antibodies in 4 patients. The vaccination cohort included 51 patients and 69 eyes. 60.8% were female and 35.3% had a bilateral ON. The mean visual acuity was 0.93 LogMAR. Oligoclonal bands were present in 46.7%, MOG antibodies in nine patients and AQP-4 antibodies in three patients.ConclusionPatients with ON post-SARS-CoV infection were more likely to experience severe visual impairment than in cases following vaccination. Further research is required to outline the clinical features of ON after COVID-19 infection and vaccination, and establish causality.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-mediated aldehyde metabolism promotes tumor immune evasion by regulating the NOD/VISTA axis
Authors: Chen Yuru , Sun Jiazheng , Liu Jiazhou , Wei Yuxian , Wang Xiaoyu , Fang Huiying , Du Huimin , Huang Jing , Li Qin , Ren Guosheng , Wang Xiaoyi , Li Hongzhong 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundAldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a crucial enzyme involved in endogenous aldehyde detoxification and has been implicated in tumor progression. However, its role in tumor immune evasion remains unclear.MethodsHere, we analyzed the relationship between ALDH2 expression and antitumor immune features in multiple cancers. ALDH2 knockout tumor cells were then established using CRISPR/Cas9 system. In immunocompetent breast cancer EMT6 and melanoma B16-F10 mouse models, we investigated the impact of ALDH2 blockade on cytotoxic T lymphocyte function and tumor immune microenvironment by flow cytometry, mass cytometry, Luminex liquid suspension chip detection, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and luciferase reporter assays were employed to explore the detailed mechanism of ALDH2 involved in tumor immune evasion. Lastly, the synergistic therapeutic efficacy of blocking ALDH2 by genetic depletion or its inhibitor disulfiram in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) was investigated in mouse models.ResultsIn our study, we uncovered a positive correlation between the expression level of ALDH2 and T-cell dysfunction in multiple cancers. Furthermore, blocking ALDH2 significantly suppressed tumor growth by enhancing cytotoxic activity of CD8+T cells and reshaping the immune landscape and cytokine milieu of tumorsin vivo. Mechanistically, inhibiting ALDH2-mediated metabolism of aldehyde downregulated the expression of V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) via inactivating the nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. As a result, the cytotoxic function of CD8+T cells was revitalized. Importantly, ALDH2 blockade markedly reinforced the efficacy of ICB treatment.ConclusionsOur data delineate that ALDH2-mediated aldehyde metabolism drives tumor immune evasion by activating the NOD/NF-κB/VISTA axis. Targeting ALDH2 provides an effective combinatorial therapeutic strategy for immunotherapy.
Cardiac dysfunction in survivors of sepsis: a scoping review
Authors: Garrity Kevin , Gaw Samantha , Blewitt Alice , Canon Paul , McCall Philip , McPeake Joanne 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundSepsis is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in a magnitude comparable to other major cardiovascular risk factors. Sepsis is one of the most common reasons for intensive care admission and survivors often have significant functional limitations following discharge. However, it is not clear to what extent chronic cardiovascular dysfunction might mediate these functional impairments, or how we might screen and manage these patients at risk of chronic cardiovascular disease. We conducted a scoping review to map existing evidence and identify research gaps relating to cardiovascular dysfunction following sepsis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases using a concept, context, population (CoCoPop) framework. Studies examining cardiovascular outcomes or symptoms following an episode of sepsis in adults were included. Data were mapped based on the population assessed, cardiovascular outcomes examined, inclusion of objective measures of cardiac dysfunction such as biomarkers or cardiovascular imaging, or whether cardiovascular symptoms or patient-reported functional outcomes measures were recorded.ResultsWe identified 11 210 articles of which 70 were eligible for full text review and 28 were included in final analysis. Across our dataset, a wide range of incident cardiovascular outcomes were reported in the literature including incidence of congestive heart failure (13/28), arrhythmia (6/28), myocardial infarction (24/28) or cardiovascular death or all-cause mortality (20/28). Only 39% (11/28) of articles reported objective measures of cardiovascular function and only one article related cardiovascular function to functional impairment via patient-reported outcome measures.ConclusionThere are significant gaps in our understanding of cardiac dysfunction following sepsis . While the research highlights the strong association of sepsis with a variety of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, further prospective work is required to understand the mechanisms that mediate this phenomenon and how we can best identify and manage patients at risk.
Individual mobility deep insight using mobile phones data
Authors: Mizzi Chiara , Baroncini Alex , Fabbri Alessandro , Micheli Davide , Vannelli Aldo , Criminisi Carmen , Jean Susanna , Bazzani Armando 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe data sets provided by Information and Communication Technologies have been extensively used to study the human mobility in the framework of complex systems. The possibility of detecting the behavior of individuals performing the urban mobility may offer the possibility of understanding how to realize a transition to a sustainable mobility in future smart cities. The Statistical Physics approach considers the statistical distributions of human mobility to discover universal features. Under this point of view the power laws distributions has been extensively studied to propose model of human mobility. In this paper we show that using a GPS data set containing the displacements of mobile devices in an area around the city Rimini (Italy), it is possible to reconstruct a sample of mobility paths and to study the statistical properties of urban mobility. Applying a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, we succeed to detect different mobility types that highlight the multilayer structure of the road network. The disaggregation into homogeneous mobility classes explains the power law distributions for the path lengths and the travel times as an overlapping of exponential distributions, that are consistent with a maximum entropy Principle. Under this point of view it is not possible to infer other dynamical properties on the individual mobility, except for the average values of the different classes. We also study the role of the mobility types, when one restricts the analysis to the an origin-destination framework, by analyzing the daily evolution of the mobility flows.
Mosquito swarms shear harden
Authors: Reynolds Andy M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently Cavagna et al. (Sci Rep 13(1): 8745, 2023) documented the swarming behaviors of laboratory-based Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Here key observations from this 3D-video tracking study are reproduced by a minimally structured (maximum entropy) stochastic trajectory model. The modelling shows that in contrast with midge swarms which are a form of collective behavior, unperturbed mosquito swarms are more like collections of individuals that independently circulate around a fixed location. The modelling predicts the observed response Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in wild swarms to varying wind speeds (Butail et al. in J Med Entomol 50(3): 552–559, 2013). It is shown that this response can be attributed to shear hardening. This is because mosquitoes are found to be attracted to the centre of the swarm by an effective force that increases with increasing flight speed. Mosquitoes can therefore better resist the influence of environmental disturbances by increasing their flight speeds. This contrasts with other emergent mechanical-like properties of swarming which arise accidentally without a change in an individual’s behavior. The new results add to the growing realization that perturbations can drive swarms into more robust states.
Circulating Tumor DNA Enables Sensitive Detection of Actionable Gene Fusions and Rearrangements Across Cancer Types
Authors: Kasi Pashtoon M. , Lee Jessica K. , Pasquina Lincoln W. , Decker Brennan , Vanden Borre Pierre , Pavlick Dean C. , Allen Justin M. , Parachoniak Christine , Quintanilha Julia C. F. , Graf Ryon P. , Schrock Alexa B. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Lovly Christine M. , Tukachinsky Hanna , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Genomic rearrangements can generate potent oncogenic drivers or disrupt tumor suppressor genes. This study examines the landscape of fusions and rearrangements detected by liquid biopsy (LBx) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) across different cancer types.

Experimental Design:
LBx from 53,842 patients with 66 solid tumor types were profiled using FoundationOneLiquid CDx, a hybrid-capture sequencing platform that queries 324 cancer-related genes. Tissue biopsies (TBx) profiled using FoundationOneCDx were used as a comparator.

Results:
Among all LBx, 7,377 (14%) had ≥1 pathogenic rearrangement detected. A total of 3,648 (6.8%) LBx had ≥1 gain-of-function (GOF) oncogene rearrangement, and 4,428 (8.2%) LBx had ≥1 loss-of-function rearrangement detected. Cancer types with higher prevalence of GOF rearrangements included those with canonical fusion drivers: prostate cancer (19%), cholangiocarcinoma (6.4%), bladder (5.5%), and non–small cell lung cancer (4.4%). Although the prevalence of driver rearrangements was lower in LBx than TBx overall, the frequency of detection was comparable in LBx with a tumor fraction (TF) ≥1%. Rearrangements in FGFR2, BRAF, RET, and ALK, were detected across cancer types, but tended to be clonal variants in some cancer types and potential acquired resistance variants in others.

Conclusions:
In contrast to some prior literature, this study reports detection of a wide variety of rearrangements in ctDNA. The prevalence of driver rearrangements in tissue and LBx was comparable when TF ≥1%. LBx presents a viable alternative when TBx is not available, and there may be less value in confirmatory testing when TF is sufficient.
Perforating pancreatic injury
Authors: Koyama Leonardo Kenji Sakaue , Cincoto Alissom Vitti , Silva Francisco de Sales Collet e , Pflug Adriano Meyer , Utiyama Edivaldo Massazo 
Published: December 2023

Perforating Pancreatic Injury (PPI) is an uncommon event in trauma centers. One of its uncommon complications is Pancreatic Fluid Collection (PFC), which was only studied in acute pancreatitis cases. Other of its rare, but most feared complications is the Major Pancreatic Duct (MPD) disconnection, that most authors recommend to be treated immediately. We report a successful case of PPI that was initially approached by videolaparoscopy, had a infected PFC formation that was drained by endoscopy and a posterior MPD disconnection. In conclusion, we suggest that videolaparoscopy is possible in patients with PPI and minimally invasive approaches in the acute phase may postpone more aggressive procedures to an elective and well planned approach.
Mitochondriogenesis and brain aging
Authors: Sekiya Felipe Seiti , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Mitochondriogenesis is the cellular process responsible for the generation of new mitochondria and consists of the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the organelle division. Several studies suggest mitochondriogenesis is regulated by oxidative stress through a molecular pathway that involves the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and the mitochondrial transcription factors A, B1 and B2 (TFAM, TFB1M, TFB2M). According to the Mitochondrial Theory of Aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in oxidative phosphorylation damage mitochondrial macromolecules, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling for cellular senescence. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in both mitochondriogenesis and aging, the amount of mitochondria in a tissue may be a biomarker of senescence and age-related diseases. Objective: The objective of the present study is to analyze the variation of mtDNA content in brain tissue with aging and how the expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M are related to this process. Methods: 60 samples of human brain were collected during autopsy procedures, as well as the clinical history of each donator. Their DNA and RNA were extracted and their mtDNA copy number and expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M were determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The raw data was submitted to statistical analysis. Results: A direct correlation between mtDNA content and age was found among specimens with more than 1000 copies (p = 0,0067). In the population with less than 1000 copies, no correlation was observed. It was also found that the expressions of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M have a good correlation among each other, but none of them correlated to mtDNA copy number or age.Discussion and conclusion: The amount of mitochondria in brain tissue varies differently with aging among population. While some individuals are prone to increase mitochondriogenesis with aging, others keep it low throughout life. It is possible that these 2 subgroups are under the influence of different factors, apart from the molecular pathway of PGC-1α, TFAM, TFB1M and TFB2M. Interestingly, individuals with propensity to mtDNA content increase also have higher body mass index and higher expression of the studied genes among diabetics. This findings suggest that metabolic disorders, besides being a risk factor for several diseases, may be also related to mitochondriogenesis increase in brain aging. Therefore, the results achieved in the present study reinforce the hypothesis that the mitochondrial content in a tissue may be a biomarker of senescence and age-related diseases.
Effect of Dapagliflozin Versus Placebo on Symptoms and 6-Minute Walk Distance in Patients With Heart Failure: The DETERMINE Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: McMurray John J.V. , Docherty Kieran F. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Hammarstedt Ann , Kitzman Dalane W. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Maria Langkilde Anna , Reicher Barry , Senni Michele , Shah Sanjiv J. , Wilderäng Ulrica , Verma Subodh , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of worsening heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular death in patients with HF irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction. It is important to determine whether therapies for HF improve symptoms and functional capacity.

METHODS:
The DETERMINE (Dapagliflozin Effect on Exercise Capacity Using a 6-Minute Walk Test in Patients With Heart Failure) double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials assessed the efficacy of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on the Total Symptom Score (TSS) and Physical Limitation Scale (PLS) of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in 313 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (DETERMINE-Reduced) and in 504 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (DETERMINE-Preserved) with New York Heart Association class II or III symptoms and elevated natriuretic peptide levels. The primary outcomes were changes in the KCCQ-TSS, KCCQ-PLS, and 6MWD after 16 weeks of treatment.

RESULTS:

Among the 313 randomized patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, the median placebo-corrected difference in KCCQ-TSS from baseline at 16 weeks was 4.2 (95% CI, 1.0, 8.2;
P
=0.022) in favor of dapagliflozin. The median placebo-corrected difference in KCCQ-PLS was 4.2 (95% CI, 0.0, 8.3;
P
=0.058). The median placebo-corrected difference in 6MWD from baseline at 16 weeks was 3.2 meters (95% CI, −6.5, 13.0;
P
=0.69).

In the 504 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, the median placebo-corrected 16-week difference in KCCQ-TSS and KCCQ-PLS was 3.2 (95% CI, 0.4, 6.0;
P
=0.079) and 3.1 (−0.1, 5.4;
P
=0.23), respectively. The median 16-week difference in 6MWD was 1.6 meters (95% CI, −5.9, 9.0;
P
=0.67). In an exploratory post hoc analysis of both trials combined (DETERMINE-Pooled), the median placebo-corrected difference from baseline at 16 weeks was 3.7 (1.5, 5.9;
P
=0.005) for KCCQ-TSS, 4.0 (0.3, 4.9;
P
=0.036) for KCCQ-PLS, and 2.5 meters (−3.5, 8.4;
P
=0.50) for 6MWD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dapagliflozin improved the KCCQ-TSS in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction but did not improve KCCQ-PLS or 6MWD. Dapagliflozin did not improve these outcomes in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. In a post hoc analysis including all patients across the full spectrum of ejection fraction, there was a beneficial effect of dapagliflozin on KCCQ-TSS and KCCQ-PLS but not 6MWD.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT03877237 and NCT03877224.
Early Experience and Lessons Learned Using Implanted Hemodynamic Monitoring in Patients With Fontan Circulation
Authors: Marshall William H. , Rajpal Saurabh , Mah May Ling , Armstrong Aimee K. , Salavitabar Arash , Hickey Jenne , Metzger Rachel , Sisk Tracey , Daniels Curt J. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Data on the use of implanted hemodynamic monitoring (IHM) in patients with Fontan circulation are limited. This study reports our experience using the CardioMEMS HF system in adults with Fontan circulation.

Methods and Results

This single‐center, retrospective study evaluated heart failure hospitalizations, procedural complications, and device‐related complications in patients with Fontan circulation referred for IHM placement (2015–2022). The association of pulmonary artery pressure (by most recent catheterization and median IHM pressure within 30 days of placement) with both death and follow‐up Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio score were evaluated. Of 18 patients referred for IHM placement, 17 were successful (median age, 30 [range 21–48] years, 6 women). Procedural complications (access site hematomas, pulmonary artery staining) occurred in 3 patients, without device‐related procedural complications. In follow‐up (median, 35 [range, 6–83] months), 1 patient developed a pulmonary embolism (possibly device‐related). Heart failure hospitalizations/year were similar before and after IHM (median, 1 [interquartile range, 0–1.0] versus 0.6 [0–2.3];
P
=0.268), though only 46% of heart failure hospitalizations had associated IHM transmissions. IHM pressures were associated with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio scores (
R
2
=0.588,
P
<0.001), though catheterization pressures were not (
R
2
=0.140,
P
=0.139). The long‐term mortality rate was 53% in this cohort. On unadjusted survival analysis, IHM pressures ≥18 mm Hg were associated with mortality (log rank
P
=0.041), which was not reproduced with catheterization pressures (log rank
P
=0.764).

Conclusions
In patients with Fontan circulation, IHM did not reduce heart failure hospitalizations, though patient adherence to transmission was low. Device‐related complications were low. IHM pressures may better represent real‐life conditions compared with catheterization given associations with mortality and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Excluding International Normalized Ratio score.
Time Window for Induced Hypertension in Acute Small Vessel Occlusive Stroke With Early Neurological Deterioration
Authors: Jung Hee-Jae , Ryu Jae-Chan , Joon Kim Bum , Kang Dong-Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S. , Chang Jun Young 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Therapeutic-induced hypertension treatment (iHTN) is helpful for alleviating early neurological deterioration (END) in acute small vessel occlusive stroke. We examined the time parameters related to iHTN effectiveness in these patients.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with acute small vessel occlusive stroke who underwent iHTN for END, defined as an increase of ≥2 points in total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥1 point in motor items of NIHSS. The primary outcome was an early neurological improvement (ENI; a decrease of ≥2 points in total NIHSS score or ≥1 point in motor items of NIHSS), and the secondary outcome was any neurological improvement (a decrease of ≥1 point in the total NIHSS score). We conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for demographics, risk factors, baseline clinical status, and intervention-related variables. We also generated a restricted cubic spline curve for the END-to-iHTN time cutoff.

RESULTS:

Among the 1062 patients with small vessel occlusive stroke screened between 2017 and 2021, 136 patients who received iHTN within 24 hours from END were included. The mean age was 65.1 (±12.0) years, and 61.0% were male. Sixty-five (47.8%) patients showed ENI and 77 (56.6%) patients showed any neurological improvement. END-to-iHTN time was significantly shorter in patients with ENI (150 [49–322] versus 290 [97–545] minutes;
P
=0.018) or any neurological improvement (150 [50–315] versus 300 [130–573] minutes;
P
=0.002). A 10-minute increase in the time between END and iHTN decreased the odds of achieving ENI (odds ratio, 0.984 [95% CI, 0.970–0.997];
P
=0.019) or any neurological improvement (odds ratio, 0.978 [95% CI, 0.964–0.992];
P
=0.002). The restricted cubic spline curve showed that the odds ratio of ENI reached its minimum at ≈3 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with small vessel occlusive stroke with END, a shorter interval between END and the initiation of iHTN was associated with increased odds of achieving neurological improvement. The efficacy of iHTN may be limited to induction within the first 3 hours of END.