bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in caesarean section rates in Europe from 2015 to 2019 using Robson's Ten Group Classification System: A Euro‐Peristat study
Authors: Amyx Melissa , Philibert Marianne , Farr Alex , Donati Serena , Smárason Alexander K. , Tica Vlad , Velebil Petr , Alexander Sophie , Durox Mélanie , Elorriaga Maria Fernandez , Heller Günther , Kyprianou Theopisti , Mierzejewska Ewa , Verdenik Ivan , Zīle‐Velika Irisa , Zeitlin Jennifer ,   for the Euro‐Peristat Research Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess changes in caesarean section (CS) rates in Europe from 2015 to 2019 and utilise the Robson Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) to evaluate the contribution of different obstetric populations to overall CS rates and trends.DesignObservational study utilising routine birth registry data.SettingA total of 28 European countries.PopulationBirths at ≥22 weeks of gestation in 2015 and 2019.MethodsUsing a federated model, individual‐level data from routine sources in each country were formatted to a common data model and transformed into anonymised, aggregated data.Main Outcome MeasuresBy country: overall CS rate. For TGCS groups (by country): CS rate, relative size, relative and absolute contribution to overall CS rate.ResultsAmong the 28 European countries, both the CS rates (2015, 16.0%–55.9%; 2019, 16.0%–52.2%) and the trends varied (from −3.7% to +4.7%, with decreased rates in nine countries, maintained rates in seven countries (≤ ± 0.2) and with increasing rates in 12 countries). Using the TGCS (for 17 countries), in most countries labour induction increased (groups 2a and 4a), whereas multiple pregnancies (group 8) decreased. In countries with decreasing overall CS rates, CS tended to decrease across all TGCS groups, whereas in countries with increasing rates, CS tended to increase in most groups. In countries with the greatest increase in CS rates (>1%), the absolute contributions of groups 1 (nulliparous term cephalic singletons, spontaneous labour), 2a and 4a (induction of labour), 2b and 4b (prelabour CS) and 10 (preterm cephalic singletons) to the overall CS rate tended to increase.ConclusionsThe TGCS shows varying CS trends and rates among countries of Europe. Comparisons between European countries, particularly those with differing trends, could provide insight into strategies to reduce CS without clinical indication.
Dry fractionation process operations in the production of protein concentrates: A review
Authors: Pulivarthi Manoj Kumar , Buenavista Rania Marie , Bangar Sneh Punia , Li Yonghui , Pordesimo Lester O. , Bean Scott R. , Siliveru Kaliramesh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe market for plant proteins is expanding rapidly as the negative impacts of animal agriculture on the environment and resources become more evident. Plant proteins offer competitive advantages in production costs, energy requirements, and sustainability. Conventional plant‐protein extraction is water and chemical‐intensive, posing environmental concerns. Dry fractionation is an energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly process for protein separation, preserving protein's native functionality. Cereals and pulses are excellent sources of plant proteins as they are widely grown worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the dry fractionation process utilized for different seeds to obtain protein‐rich fractions with high purity and functionality. Pretreatments, such as dehulling and defatting, are known to enhance the protein separation efficiency. Factors, such as milling speed, mill classifier speed, feed rate, seed type, and hardness, were crucial for obtaining parent flour of desired particle size distribution during milling. The air classification or electrostatic separation settings are crucial in determining the quality of the separated protein. The cut point in air classification is targeted based on the starch granule size of the seed material. Optimization of these operations, applied to different pulses and seeds, led to higher yields of proteins with higher purity. Dual techniques, such as air classification and electrostatic separation, enhance protein purity. The yield of the protein concentrates can be increased by recycling the coarse fractions. Further research is necessary to improve the quality, purity, and yield of protein concentrates to enable more efficient use of plant proteins to meet global protein demands.
New virtual approach to the study of metallurgy through the analysis of slice marks from the Chalcolithic site of Zanjillas (Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain)
Authors: Aramendi Julia , Estaca‐Gómez Verónica , Maté‐González Miguel Ángel , Blázquez Cristina Sáez , Morín Jorge , López German , Yravedra Sainz de los Terreros José 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough the discovery of metal objects is not common in Chalcolithic or Bronze Age sites, the study of bone surface microscopic grooves from animal butchering can yield evidence of the use of metal artefacts in these contexts. Additionally, the presence of slice marks made with metal objects in Chalcolithic and Bronze Age sites has highlighted the use of metal in common practices beyond their ornamental application, as usually expected at the early stages of metallurgy. Here, we present the study of the slice marks found at the Chalcolithic site of Zanjillas, using geometric morphometrics and machine learning algorithms, with the aim of identifying the nature of the tools used for carcass processing at the site. For this purpose, we replicate previous analyses considering slice marks produced with lint flakes and metal tools to generate a referential framework that serves as comparative to the Zanjillas sample. Our results suggest that most of the domestic activities related to carcass skinning, defleshing, or evisceration in Zanjillas were still performed with flint artefacts.
Imperfect public choice
Authors: de Palma André , Myers Gordon M. , Papageorgiou Yorgos Y. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe model imperfect governments with public choices that are sequential, myopic and not free of error. We first use this framework to explore governmental incremental budgeting. We argue that a model of bounded rationality is required to capture the empirical reality of incremental budgeting. We then provide a model that integrates bounds errors and systematic errors. We argue that the empirical evidence is that bounds errors and systematic errors are inextricably intertwined—some level of bounded rationality is required for systematic errors to emerge. We use this to explore political information lobbying. A testable hypothesis is that lobbyists will focus efforts on policy‐makers of low ability. We show that choosing leaders with high ability, that is Madison's wisdom to discern, is important, especially when policy decisions concern dangerous products (rifles) or dangerous environments (pandemics).
Lidocaine as an anti‐arrhythmic drug: Are there any indications left?
Authors: Güler Sati , Könemann Hilke , Wolfes Julian , Güner Fatih , Ellermann Christian , Rath Benjamin , Frommeyer Gerrit , Lange Philipp Sebastian , Köbe Julia , Reinke Florian , Eckardt Lars 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLidocaine is classified as a class Ib anti‐arrhythmic that blocks voltage‐ and pH‐dependent sodium channels. It exhibits well investigated anti‐arrhythmic effects and has been the anti‐arrhythmic of choice for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias for several decades. Lidocaine binds primarily to inactivated sodium channels, decreases the action potential duration, and increases the refractory period. It increases the ventricular fibrillatory threshold and can interrupt life‐threatening tachycardias caused by re‐entrant mechanisms, especially in ischemic tissue. Its use was pushed into the background in the era of amiodarone and modern electric device therapy. Recently, lidocaine has come back into focus for the treatment of acute sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In this brief overview, we review the clinical pharmacology including possible side effects, the historical course, possible indications, and current Guideline recommendations for the use of lidocaine.
Design to Launch
Authors: Nicholson Jamie , Breneman Mark , Hui Gordon 
Published: October 2023

Successful startups have learned to start building solutions early in the innovation process. If corporations could shift their focus away from costly pilot projects and instead use their resources on diverse and incremental experiments, they might be able to behave more nimbly and risk less.Large corporates that want to take advantage of new technologies tend to stand by and watch as small startups move more nimbly. Design to Launch helps big companies learn to experiment and iterate in new ways that avoid typical innovation bottlenecks.
Astrocytic NKCC1 inhibits seizures by buffering Cl− and antagonizing neuronal NKCC1 at GABAergic synapses
Authors: Nguyen Trong Dao , Ishibashi Masaru , Sinha Adya Saran , Watanabe Miho , Kato Daisuke , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Wake Hiroaki , Fukuda Atsuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveA pathological excitatory action of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been observed in epilepsy. Blocking the Cl− importer NKCC1 with bumetanide is expected to reduce the neuronal intracellular Cl− concentration ([Cl−]i) and thereby attenuate the excitatory GABA response. Accordingly, several clinical trials of bumetanide for epilepsy were conducted. Although NKCC1 is expressed in both neurons and glial cells, an involvement of glial NKCC1 in seizures has not yet been reported. Astrocytes maintain high [Cl−]i with NKCC1, and this gradient promotes Cl− efflux via the astrocytic GABAA receptor (GABAAR). This Cl− efflux buffers the synaptic cleft Cl− concentration to maintain the postsynaptic Cl− gradient during intense firing of GABAergic neurons, thereby sustaining its inhibitory action during seizure. In this study, we investigated the function of astrocytic NKCC1 in modulating the postsynaptic action of GABA in acute seizure models.MethodsWe used the astrocyte‐specific conditional NKCC1 knockout (AstroNKCC1KO) mice. The seizurelike events (SLEs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons were triggered by tetanic stimulation of stratum radiatum in acute hippocampus slices. The SLE underlying GABAAR‐mediated depolarization was evaluated by applying the GABAAR antagonist bicuculline. The pilocarpine‐induced seizure in vivo was monitored in adult mice by the Racine scale. The SLE duration and tetanus stimulation intensity threshold and seizure behavior in AstroNKCC1KO mice and wild‐type (WT) mice were compared.ResultsThe AstroNKCC1KO mice were prone to seizures with lower threshold and longer duration of SLEs and larger GABAAR‐mediated depolarization underlying the SLEs, accompanied by higher Racine‐scored seizures. Bumetanide reduced these indicators of seizure in AstroNKCC1KO mice (which still express neuronal NKCC1), but not in the WT, both in vitro and in vivo.SignificanceAstrocytic NKCC1 inhibits GABA‐mediated excitatory action during seizures, whereas neuronal NKCC1 has the converse effect, suggesting opposing actions of bumetanide on these cells.
Baseline characteristics of a prospective cohort study of aging and cardiovascular diseases among people living with HIV
Authors: Giguère Katia , Chartrand‐Lefebvre Carl , Baril Jean‐Guy , Conway Brian , El‐Far Mohamed , Falutz Julian , Harris Marianne , Jenabian Mohammad‐Ali , Leipsic Jonathon , Loutfy Mona , Mansour Samer , MacPherson Paul , Margolese Shari , McMillan Jacqueline M. , Monteith Ken , Murray Melanie C. M. , Pick Neora , Thomas Réjean , Trottier Benoît , Trottier Sylvie , Tsoukas Christos , Walmsley Sharon , Wong Alex , Tremblay Cécile , Durand Madeleine ,   The Canadian HIV And Aging Cohort Study Group
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to report the baseline characteristics of participants in the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study (CHACS) and present amendments to the initial protocol.MethodsCHACS is a multi‐centred prospective cohort study that was initially set from 2011 to 2016 and will now continue recruitment until 2024. Four additional years of follow‐up have been added, and additional outcomes and covariates will be prospectively collected. Frailty will be assessed using a modified version of the Fried's frailty phenotype. The four interrelated aspects of gender—gender roles, gender identity, gender relationships, and institutionalized gender—will be measured using the GENESIS‐PRAXY questionnaire. Diet will be assessed using a validated, web‐based, self‐administered food frequency questionnaire.ResultsA total of 1049 participants (77% people living with HIV) were recruited between September 2011 and September 2019. Median age at baseline was 54 years (interquartile range 50–61). Most participants were male (84%) and white (83%). Compared with participants without HIV, those with HIV were more likely to be male; to report lower education levels and incomes; to be more sedentary; to use tobacco, recreational, and prescription drugs; to report a personal history of cardiovascular diseases; and to be frail.ConclusionsThe new assessments added to the CHACS protocol will allow for an even more detailed portrait of the pathways leading to accentuated aging for people living with HIV. Participants in the CHACS cohort display important differences in socio‐economic and cardiovascular risk factors according to HIV serostatus. These imbalances must be taken into account for all further inferential analyses.
The composition, characterisation, and health impacts of human milk lipid medium‐ and long‐chain TAGs
Authors: Karrar Emad , Albakry Zainab , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Chen Chaoxiang , Yan Youchun , Brennan Charles S. , Li Jian 
Published: October 2023

SummaryMedium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are naturally associated with human milk lipids and can also be associated with MCTs (medium‐chain triacylglycerols). Healthy lipids could be constructed from medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs) composed of MCFAs. Biochemical and chemical catalysts catalyse many chemical and enzymatic processes, such as acidolysis, interesterification, and esterification. Due to their potential health benefits, MCTs and MLCTs are widely used as nutraceuticals in the pharmaceutical and food industries. This comprehensive overview of MLCTs evaluates their structures, compositions, nutritional properties, and supposed health benefits. This review identifies the key research gaps to overcome the MCFA‐TAG use when compared to human milk and infant formulas.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the impact of decontamination interventions on the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in broiler chickens during primary processing
Authors: Gichure Josphat Njenga , Coorey Ranil , Njage Patrick Murigu Kamau , Wambui Joseph M. , Dykes Gary A. , Buys Elna M. 
Published: October 2023

SummarySystematic review and meta‐analysis aggregate quantitative data from different studies into unified effect size estimates with better statistical power in risk assessment model parameterisation. This study uses systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate Salmonella decontamination during broiler slaughter from scalding to post‐chilling, with meta‐regression applied to explore modifier variables. Data from 161 studies published between 1998 and 2022 was extracted from thirty‐five articles identified in the systematic review process with meta‐analysis and meta‐regression performed using the metafor package (version 2.0‐0) in R statistical environment (version 3.6.0). The analysis revealed carcass wash (1.31 log10 CFU/carcass reduction in odds; P < 0.01) and chilling (121.50% reduction in relative risk; P < 0.01) had significant reduction on Salmonella concentration and prevalence, respectively. Chemical additives reduced the concentration (0.98 log10 CFU/carcass; P < 0.01) and prevalence (64.74% relative risk; P < 0.01) but the efficacy of physical methods was not conclusive. Application of decontaminants through immersion was superior (0.90 log10 CFU/carcass; P < 0.01) to spraying (0.72 log10 CFU/carcass; P < 0.01). Adjusting the pH sequentially of electrolysed water, acetic acid and trisodium phosphate reduced the odds of Salmonella concentration by more than 2 log cycles and the relative risk by more than 100%. The results provide trends in the concentration and prevalence of Salmonella during the broilers slaughter process with application of decontamination interventions and provide a basis for control decision‐making and quantitative microbial risk assessment.
Effect of refining on the quality of oils extracted by cold press from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed and by solvent from its cake
Authors: Abedinzadeh Solmaz , Torbati Mohammadali , Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Savage Geoffrey P. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBlack cumin seed oil, known for its bioactive compounds and health benefits, faces challenges due to its high peroxide value and free fatty acid content, limiting its applications. The study investigates oil extraction from black cumin seeds using cold pressing and solvent extraction. The oil extraction yields were found to be 32% from the seeds and 13% from the cake. Subsequently, the study investigated the impact of different refining steps on the quality of these oils. The oil extracted from the cake exhibited higher free fatty acid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents compared to the oil extracted from the seeds, with increases of 84%, 73%, and 66%, respectively. Conversely, the peroxide value, total phenol, and thymoquinone content of the cake‐derived oil were lower than those of the seed‐derived oil, with reductions of 74%, 69%, and 95%, respectively. The refining process resulted in general reductions in peroxide value, free fatty acid, and p‐anisidine levels. However, no significant effect on the fatty acid composition was observed. The refining led to a decrease in the bioactive content, including total phenolic compounds (6%–68%), carotenoids (86%–85%), and thymoquinone (50%–90%). These results contribute to a better understanding of the potential applications and refining requirements for black cumin seed oil.
Risk‐taking in pension and crashes: Firm‐level evidence
Authors: Park Heejin , Noh Jung‐Hee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur study, using a large sample of U.S. firms between 1990 and 2013, found a positive association between pension risk‐taking and future stock price crash risk. The impact of pension risk‐taking on future crash risk is particularly significant in firms with low funding ratios and high default risks. Overall, our findings provide robust evidence that risk‐taking in defined benefit (DB) pension asset management can predict future crash risk. Our study offers valuable insights for stakeholders and shareholders in evaluating firms with DB pension plans and for policymakers in protecting workers' retirement benefits and shareholder wealth.
Retail Trading in Options and the Rise of the Big Three Wholesalers
Authors: BRYZGALOVA SVETLANA , PAVLOVA ANNA , SIKORSKAYA TAISIYA 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTWe document a rapid increase in retail trading in options in the United States. Facilitated by payment for order flow (PFOF) from wholesalers executing retail orders, retail trading recently reached over 60% of total market volume. Nearly 90% of PFOF comes from three wholesalers. Exploiting new flags in transaction‐level data, we isolate wholesaler trades and build a novel measure of retail options trading. Our measure comoves with equity‐based retail activity proxies and drops significantly during U.S. brokerage platform outages and trading restrictions. Retail investors prefer cheaper, weekly options with average bid‐ask spread of 12.6%, and lose money on average.
Perpetuating and protective factors in insomnia across racial/ethnic groups of veterans
Authors: Rubi Sofia , Monk J. Kale , Shoemaker Sydney , Miller Colten , Prabhu Nivedita , Flores Lisa Y. , Bernard Donte , McCrae Christina S. , Borsari Brian , Miller Mary Beth 
Published: October 2023

SummaryFew studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in rates and correlates of insomnia among veterans. This study compared rates of insomnia and interest in sleep treatment among veterans of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. Consistent with the 3P model, we tested racial discrimination as a predictor of insomnia, with post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and romantic partners as perpetuating and protective moderators of this association, respectively. A total of 325 veterans (N = 236 veterans of colour; 12% Asian, 36% Black, 14% Hispanic/Latine) completed questionnaires online from remote locations. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patterns across racial/ethnic groups. Linear regression was used to test moderators of the association between racial discrimination and insomnia severity. Overall, 68% of participants screened positive for insomnia: 90% of Asian; 79% of Hispanic/Latine; 65% of Black; and 58% of White participants. Of those, 74% reported interest in sleep treatment, and 76% of those with partners reported interest in including their partner in treatment. Racial discrimination and post‐traumatic stress disorder were correlated with more severe insomnia, while romantic partners were correlated with less severe insomnia. Only post‐traumatic stress disorder moderated the association between racial discrimination and insomnia severity. Rates of insomnia were highest among Asian and Hispanic/Latine participants, yet these groups were among the least likely to express interest in sleep treatment. Racial discrimination may exacerbate insomnia symptoms among veterans, but only among those who do not already have disturbed sleep in the context of post‐traumatic stress disorder. Romantic partners may serve as a protective factor in insomnia, but do not seem to mitigate the impact of racial discrimination.
GlobalAMFungi: a global database of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal occurrences from high‐throughput sequencing metabarcoding studies
Authors: Větrovský Tomáš , Kolaříková Zuzana , Lepinay Clémentine , Awokunle Hollá Sandra , Davison John , Fleyberková Anna , Gromyko Anastasiia , Jelínková Barbora , Kolařík Miroslav , Krüger Manuela , Lejsková Renata , Michalčíková Lenka , Michalová Tereza , Moora Mari , Moravcová Andrea , Moulíková Štěpánka , Odriozola Iñaki , Öpik Maarja , Pappová Monika , Piché‐Choquette Sarah , Skřivánek Jakub , Vlk Lukáš , Zobel Martin , Baldrian Petr , Kohout Petr 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are crucial mutualistic symbionts of the majority of plant species, with essential roles in plant nutrient uptake and stress mitigation. The importance of AM fungi in ecosystems contrasts with our limited understanding of the patterns of AM fungal biogeography and the environmental factors that drive those patterns.

This article presents a release of a newly developed global AM fungal dataset (GlobalAMFungi database, https://globalamfungi.com) that aims to reduce this knowledge gap. It contains almost 50 million observations of Glomeromycotinian AM fungal amplicon DNA sequences across almost 8500 samples with geographical locations and additional metadata obtained from 100 original studies.

The GlobalAMFungi database is built on sequencing data originating from AM fungal taxon barcoding regions in: i) the small subunit rRNA (SSU) gene; ii) the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region; and iii) the large subunit rRNA (LSU) gene.

The GlobalAMFungi database is an open source and open access initiative that compiles the most comprehensive atlas of AM fungal distribution. It is designed as a permanent effort that will be continuously updated by its creators and through the collaboration of the scientific community. This study also documented applicability of the dataset to better understand ecology of AM fungal taxa.