bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age Disparities in Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Collier Villaume Sarah , Chen Shanting , Adam Emma K. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceHigh levels of anxiety and depression were documented shortly after the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic and were more prevalent in younger adults than in older adults. Knowing whether these age disparities persisted throughout multiple years of the COVID-19 pandemic and identifying associated factors will help guide health policy.ObjectiveTo investigate age disparities in anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study consisted of a nationally representative online survey administered between April 2020 and August 2022 and included US adults who were not incarcerated. Data were analyzed between March and September 2022.ExposuresThe first 27 months of the COVID-19 pandemic included wide variation in infection rates, turbulence in US political and social life, and geopolitical instability. Primary exposures include individuals’ age and economic precarity and pandemic-related events (eg, weekly state-level case counts and individual vaccination status).Main outcomes and measuresSymptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed via responses to 2-item screeners (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item for anxiety and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depression). An individual’s symptoms were identified as clinically elevated if scores exceeded validated thresholds.ResultsThis study included 3 028 923 respondents (mean [SD] age, 48.9 [17.0] years; 1 567 603 [51.8%] female). In multiple regression analyses that include state fixed effects and survey-week fixed effects, likely anxiety and depressive disorders among 291 382 (40%) and 238 505 (33%) of adults aged 18 to 39 years, respectively, compared with 357 820 (31%) and 274 534 (24%) of adults aged 40 to 59 years and 225 295 (20%) and 183 695 (16%) adults aged 60 years and older. Levels declined throughout the pandemic period for those aged 40 years and older but remained elevated for younger adults. Analyses identified several associated factors of these age disparities. Younger adults’ anxiety and depression increased more than older adults’ after surges in COVID-19 case counts but decreased less following vaccination against the virus. Additionally, approximately one third of the age gap among individuals with depression and anxiety was attributed to economic precarity, to which younger adults are disproportionately exposed.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, economic precarity was associated with high anxiety and depression among younger adults in the US compared with older adults in the US. These findings suggest a need for greater mental health care and economic policies targeted toward younger adults.
Structural Racism and Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Bonner Sidra N. , Curley Richard , Love Kyra , Akande Tola , Akhtar Aamna , Erhunmwunsee Loretta 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceStructural racism is associated with persistent inequities in health and health outcomes in the US for racial and ethnic minority groups. This review summarizes how structural racism contributes to differential population-level exposure to lung cancer risk factors and thus disparate lung cancer risk across different racial and ethnic groups.ObservationsA scoping review was conducted focusing on structural racism and lung cancer risk for racial and ethnic minority groups. The domains of structural racism evaluated included housing and built environment, occupation and employment, health care, economic and educational opportunity, private industry, perceived stress and discrimination, and criminal justice involvement. The PubMed, Embase, and MedNar databases were searched for English-language studies in the US from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2022. The review demonstrated that racial and ethnic minority groups are more likely to have environmental exposures to air pollution and known carcinogens due to segregation of neighborhoods and poor housing quality. In addition, racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to have exposures to pesticides, silica, and asbestos secondary to higher employment in manual labor occupations. Furthermore, targeted marketing and advertisement of tobacco products by private industry were more likely to occur in neighborhoods with more racial and ethnic minority groups. In addition, poor access to primary care services and inequities in insurance status were associated with elevated lung cancer risk among racial and ethnic minority groups. Lastly, inequities in tobacco use and cessation services among individuals with criminal justice involvement had important implications for tobacco use among Black and Hispanic populations.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that structural racism must be considered as a fundamental contributor to the unequal distribution of lung cancer risk factors and thus disparate lung cancer risk across different racial and ethnic groups. Additional research is needed to better identify mechanisms contributing to inequitable lung cancer risk and tailor preventive interventions.
Design, Fabrication, and Screening of Environmental‐Thermal Barrier Coatings Prepared by Ultrafast High‐Temperature Sintering
Authors: Xie Hua , Champagne Victor K. , Zhong Wei , Clifford Bryson , Liu Shufeng , Hu Liangbing , Zhao Ji‐Cheng , Clarke David R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe demand for more efficient gas turbines relies heavily on the development of new environmental‐thermal barrier coatings (ETBCs). However, there is still uncertainty about which alloys and composites will be used for the next generation of turbine blades, as well as the most promising coating materials. Herein, an ETBCs development strategy is presented by integrating the coating design, synthesis, and screening using an ultrafast high temperature sintering (UHS) technique to accelerate coating improvements. The initial basis for composition selection is their thermal expansion mismatch with the substrate alloys; for which a temperature‐dependent coefficient of thermal expansion database is created. By combining tape casting method with the UHS technique a high‐throughput synthesis of single and multi‐layer coatings are realized with different compositions, layer stacking sequences, and layer thicknesses. To evaluate the coatings, thermal cycling tests from room temperature to 1300 °C are conducted. The approach enabled coatings on objects with complex geometries, multi‐layer ETBCs, and porosity tailoring by using staged UHS that runs with different temperatures and durations. The fast iteration strategy is more cost‐effective for the screening of ETBCs compared to conventional methods and greater throughput which can be further extended for rapid optimization of other materials systems.
Metasurface‐Based Optical Logic Operators Driven by Diffractive Neural Networks
Authors: Ding Xumin , Zhao Zihan , Xie Peng , Cai Dayu , Meng Fanyi , Wang Cong , Wu Qun , Liu Jian , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Hu Guangwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel optical logic operator based on the multifunctional metasurface driven by all‐optical diffractive neural network is reported, which can perform four principal quantum logic operations (Pauli‐X, Pauli‐Y, Pauli‐Z, and Hadamard gates). The two ground states and  are characterized by two orthogonal linear polarization states. The proposed spatial‐ and polarization‐multiplexed all‐optical diffractive neural network only contains a hidden layer physically mapped as a metasurface with simple and compact unit cells, which dramatically reduces the volume and computing resources required for the system. The designed optical quantum operator is proven to achieve high fidelities for all four quantum logical gates, up to 99.96% numerically and 99.88% experimentally. The solution will facilitate the construction of large‐scale optical quantum computing systems and scalable optical quantum devices.
A Single Microtip Shape Memory Polymer Surface with Reversible Dry Adhesion for Transfer Printing
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Son ChangHee , Lee Sangyeop , Kim Seok 
Published: November 2023

Microfabrication technology is further being advanced with the assistance of the deterministic assembly of small‐scale materials or microobjects through transfer printing which utilizes a stamp to transfer microobjects. However, the growing trend of miniaturization in microfabrication technologies poses challenges in achieving precise and high‐yield transfer of microobjects with diverse compositions, sizes, and shapes. This work describes the study of a novel approach utilizing a geometrically simple single microtip shape memory polymer surface, as a facile stamp to transfer microobjects with almost any shape (down to tens of micrometer size). To showcase the unique features of this approach, the adhesive characteristics of the single microtip shape memory polymer surface are systemically tested in a variety of thermomechanical loading conditions and its exceptional adhesion strength (≈2 MPa) and reversibility (>1000:1) are found. Over these results, its functionality to manipulate diverse microobjects with planar and non‐planar geometries as well as with flat and rough surface profiles is highlighted, accordingly. Finally, its ability to correct transfer printing errors due to its strong adhesive capability is demonstrated. This work represents a promising avenue to advance transfer printing techniques for microfabrication technologies, particularly regarding achieving high precision and yield in the integration of heterogeneous materials.
Coupling Single Domain Antibodies to Catalytic Hairpin Assemblies for Homogeneous Assays
Authors: Liu Jinny L. , Zabetakis Dan , Shriver‐Lake Lisa C. , Anderson George P. , Goldman Ellen R. , Bui Hieu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunoassays are widely used in various fields, including biomedical research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) provide small, tailorable, recognition elements that have been integrated into immunoassays for detecting a myriad of targets. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) circuits are synthetic molecular devices composed of DNA strands that can perform logical or computational operations. They have a range of applications, including biosensing, diagnostics, and drug delivery. Recently, an immunoassay method was reported that used catalytic hairpin assemblies (CHA) with antibodies for homogeneous protein detection. The CHA process uses DNA hairpins that interact in the presence of a catalytic DNA sequence. This paper presents a new strategy to couple the recognition of sdAbs with CHA circuits using genetic fusions of sdAbs with rhizavidin (rz), a dimeric biotin binding protein. A pair of sdAb‐rz constructs is each functionalized with a biotinylated DNA sequence that represents half of the catalyst. When both sdAbs bind to the target protein, a signal is generated through the CHA circuit. The split catalyst approach amplifies signals through a DNA circuit without washing steps. Furthermore, this method distinctively utilizes programmable DNA circuits, which are highly modular and can accommodate new targets without disrupting the assay.
Conjugated Polymer Composite Nanoparticles Augmenting Photosynthesis‐Based Light‐Triggered Hydrogel Promotes Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Yuan Qiong , Yin Jia , Li Ling , Bao Benkai , Zhang Xinyi , Li Meiqi , Tang Yanli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiabetic chronic wounds are characterized by local hypoxia, impaired angiogenesis, and bacterial infection. In situ, self‐supply of dissolved oxygen combined with the elimination of bacteria is urgent and challenging for chronic nonhealing wound treatment. Herein, an oxygen‐generating system named HA‐L‐NB/PFE@cp involving biological photosynthetic chloroplasts (cp)/conjugated polymer composite nanoparticles (PFE‐1‐NPs@cp) and light‐triggered hyaluronic acid‐based (HA‐L‐NB) hydrogel for promoting diabetic wound healing is introduced. Briefly, conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PFE‐1‐NPs) possess unique light harvesting ability, which accelerates the electron transport rates in photosystem II (PS II) by energy transfer, elevating photosynthesis beyond natural chloroplasts. The enhanced release of oxygen can greatly relieve hypoxia, promote cell migration, and favor antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Additionally, the injectable hydrogel precursors are employed as a carrier to deliver PFE‐1‐NPs@cp into the wound. Under light irradiation, they quickly form a gel by S‐nitrosylation coupling reaction and in situ anchor on tissues through amine‐aldehyde condensation. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that the oxygen‐generating system can simultaneously relieve wound hypoxia, eliminate bacteria, and promote cell migration, leading to the acceleration of wound healing. This study provides a facile approach to develop an enhanced oxygen self‐sufficient system for promoting hypoxic tissue, especially diabetic wound healing.
Electron‐Sponge Nature of Polyoxometalates for Next‐Generation Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Nonvolatile Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Ahmad Nisar , Wang Kun , Aftab Sumaira , Hou Yunpeng , Wan Zhengwei , Yan Bei‐Bei , Pan Zhao , Gao Huai‐Ling , Peung Chen , Junke Yang , Liang Chengdu , Lu Zhihui , Yan Wenjun , Ling Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDesigning next‐generation molecular devices typically necessitates plentiful oxygen‐bearing sites to facilitate multiple‐electron transfers. However, the theoretical limits of existing materials for energy conversion and information storage devices make it inevitable to hunt for new competitors. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a unique class of metal‐oxide clusters, have been investigated exponentially due to their structural diversity and tunable redox properties. POMs behave as electron‐sponges owing to their intrinsic ability of reversible uptake‐release of multiple electrons. In this review, numerous POM‐frameworks together with desired features of a contender material and inherited properties of POMs are systematically discussed to demonstrate how and why the electron‐sponge‐like nature of POMs is beneficial to design next‐generation water oxidation/reduction electrocatalysts, and neuromorphic nonvolatile resistance‐switching random‐access memory devices. The aim is to converge the attention of scientists who are working separately on electrocatalysts and memory devices, on a point that, although the application types are different, they all hunt for a material that could exhibit electron‐sponge‐like feature to realize boosted performances and thus, encouraging the scientists of two completely different fields to explore POMs as imperious contenders to design next‐generation nanodevices. Finally, challenges and promising prospects in this research field are also highlighted.
Fruit and seed structure in the ANA‐grade angiosperms: Ancestral traits and specializations
Authors: Romanov Mikhail S. , Bobrov Alexey V. F. Ch. , Iovlev Peter S. , Roslov Maxim S. , Zdravchev Nikita S. , Sorokin Alexey N. , Romanova Ekaterina S. , Kandidov Maxim V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPremiseThe representatives of the ANA‐grade angiosperms demonstrate a diverse pattern of morphological characters, but their apocarpous gynoecium (except in Nymphaeaceae), composed of at least partly ascidiate carpels, the four‐nucleate and four‐celled female gametophyte, and the diploid endosperm (except in Amborella) are inferred to be plesiomorphies. Since the structure of fruits in Austrobaileyales is under‐investigated, this research aims to fill this gap in these data, describing the carpological characters of ANA‐grade taxa, and potentially illuminating the ancestral fruit and seed types of angiosperms.MethodsThe pericarp and seed coat anatomy was studied with light microscopy. The character optimization was carried out using WinClada software.ResultsThe fruits of Austrobaileya, Trimenia, Kadsura, and Schisandra are determined to be apocarpous berries of the Schisandra type, with a parenchymatous pericarp and mesotestal (Austrobaileya) or exomesotestal seeds (other genera). Most inferred scenarios of fruit evolution indicate that the apocarpous berry is either the most probable plesiomorphic fruit type of all angiosperms, or that of all angiosperms except Amborellaceae. This inference suggests the early origin of the berry in fruit evolution. The plesiomorphic seed type of angiosperms according to reconstructed scenarios of seed type evolution was either a seed lacking a sclerenchymatous layer or an exotestal seed.ConclusionsThe current research indicates that an apocarpous berry, and not a follicle, is a probable plesiomorphic character of the ANA‐grade taxa and of angiosperms as a whole.
Determinants and reference values for blood volume and total hemoglobin mass in women and men
Authors: Oberholzer Laura , Montero David , Robach Paul , Siebenmann Christoph , Ryrsøe Camilla Koch , Bonne Thomas C. , Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Bejder Jacob , Karlsen Trine , Edvardsen Elisabeth , Rønnestad Bent R. , Hamarsland Håvard , Cepeda‐Lopez Ana C. , Rittweger Jörn , Treff Gunnar , Ahlgrim Christoph , Almquist Nicki Winfield , Hallén Jostein , Lundby Carsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBlood volume (BV) is an important clinical parameter and is usually reported per kg of body mass (BM). When fat mass is elevated, this underestimates BV/BM. One aim was to study if differences in BV/BM related to sex, age, and fitness would decrease if normalized to lean body mass (LBM). The analysis included 263 women and 319 men (age: 10–93 years, body mass index: 14–41 kg/m2) and 107 athletes who underwent assessment of BV and hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. BV/BM was 25% lower (70.3 ± 11.3 and 80.3 ± 10.8 mL/kgBM) in women than men, respectively, whereas BV/LBM was 6% higher in women (110.9 ± 12.5 and 105.3 ± 11.2 mL/kgLBM). Hbmass/BM was 34% lower (8.9 ± 1.4 and 11.5 ± 11.2 g/kgBM) in women than in men, respectively, but only 6% lower (14.0 ± 1.5 and 14.9 ± 1.5 g/kgLBM)/LBM. Age did not affect BV. Athlete's BV/BM was 17.2% higher than non‐athletes, but decreased to only 2.5% when normalized to LBM. Of the variables analyzed, LBM was the strongest predictor for BV (R2 = .72, p < .001) and Hbmass (R2 = .81, p < .001). These data may only be valid for BV/Hbmass when assessed by CO re‐breathing. Hbmass/LBM could be considered a valuable clinical matrix in medical care aiming to normalize blood homeostasis.
Recognizing the pleura in asbestos‐related pleuropulmonary disease: Known and new manifestations of pleural fibrosis
Authors: Miller Albert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPleural thickening (PT) is a major consequence of exposure to all fiber types of asbestos. In recent decades, it is more prevalent than parenchymal asbestosis. Its manifestations occupy a full clinical and radiographic spectrum. Six major manifestations can be identified: (a) acute pleuritis generally with effusion; (b) diffuse PT or fibrous pleuritis; (c) rounded atelectasis; (d) circumscribed PT or plaques; (e) chronic pleuritic pain; and (f) mesothelioma. Review of the experience of workers and community members in Libby, MT to asbestiform fibers in vermiculite has confirmed the appearance of these previously known benign and malignant asbestos‐related diseases as well as a unique pleuropulmonary disease characterized as lamellar PT and associated with progressive decline in pulmonary function and pleuritic pain. Despite previous literature asserting that PT represents a marker for asbestos exposure without significant effect on pulmonary function and physiology, the experience of Libby amphibole (LA) disease, along with other studies, indicates that PT plays a role in declining vital capacity in those with prolonged or unusual exposures such as those arising from LA.
Self‐standing piezoelectric nanogenerator fabrics from ZnO‐doped PVDF nanofiber yarns
Authors: Borazan İsmail , Celik Bedeloglu Ayse 
Published: November 2023

AbstractToday a wide variety of wearable electronics are in our daily lives and their uses are increasing. The development of portable, flexible, lightweight, cost‐effective, and stable devices that produce sustainable energy with renewable approaches in the field of wearable electronics, as in every field, is one of the important issues of today. According to their volume and weight, the use of nanofibers with high surface area in energy‐generating devices may bring them advantages such as lightness and higher energy density. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have focused on the development of nanofiber‐based nanogenerators that produce energy using mechanical energy in a sustainable and renewable way. In this paper, self‐standing piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) fabrics were obtained by developing flexible composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber yarns doped with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles at different rates to provide higher power output. It has been characterized from electromechanical, structural, and morphological aspects. The most successful self‐standing PENG fabric obtained (at 5% ZnO loading) doubled the energy output of the fabric made from pure PVDF nanofiber yarn and provided a peak total power of 81 μW and a power density of 30 μW/cm2. The present results open up the field for the development of PVDF/ZnO‐based nanomats and their use in sensors and actuators in the healthcare and engineering industries.
Auditory language comprehension among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: An ALE meta‐analysis of fMRI studies
Authors: Hua Zihui , Hu Jun , Zeng Huanke , Li Jiahui , Cao Yibo , Gan Yiqun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDifficulties in auditory language comprehension are common among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. However, findings regarding the underlying neural mechanisms remain mixed, and few studies have systematically explored the overall patterns of these findings. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and meta‐analyze the functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of neural activation patterns while engaging in auditory language comprehension tasks among children and adolescents with autism. Using activation likelihood estimation, we conducted a series of meta‐analyses to investigate neural activation patterns during auditory language comprehension tasks compared to baseline conditions in autism and non‐autism groups and compared the activation patterns of the groups, respectively. Eight studies were included in the within‐group analyses, and seven were included in the between‐group analysis. The within‐group analyses revealed that the bilateral superior temporal gyrus was activated during auditory language comprehension tasks in both groups, whereas the left superior frontal gyrus and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex were activated only in the non‐autism group. Furthermore, the between‐group analysis showed that children and adolescents with autism, compared to those without autism, showed reduced activation in the right superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and insula, whereas the autism group did not show increased activation in any of the regions relative to the non‐autism group. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the potential neural mechanisms underlying difficulties in auditory language comprehension in children and adolescents with autism and provide practical implications for early screening and language‐related interventions for children and adolescents with autism.