bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantum Otto engine with shortcuts to thermalization and adiabaticity
Authors: Pedram A , Kadıoğlu S C , Kabakçıoğlu A , Müstecaplıoğlu Ö E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the energetic advantage of accelerating a quantum harmonic oscillator Otto engine by use of shortcuts to adiabaticity (for the expansion and compression strokes) and to equilibrium (for the hot isochore), by means of counter-diabatic (CD) driving. By comparing various protocols with and without CD driving, we find that, applying both type of shortcuts leads to enhanced power and efficiency even after the driving costs are taken into account. The hybrid protocol not only retains its advantage in the limit cycle, but also recovers engine functionality (i.e. a positive power output) in parameter regimes where an uncontrolled, finite-time Otto cycle fails. We show that controlling three strokes of the cycle leads to an overall improvement of the performance metrics compared with controlling only the two adiabatic strokes. Moreover, we numerically calculate the limit cycle behavior of the engine and show that the engines with accelerated isochoric and adiabatic strokes display a superior power output in this mode of operation.
Remedial Measures to Protect Transmission Tower from Excessive Soil Movement : A Case Study
Authors: Sulancana B , Kurniawati W , Wibowo P A , Taufika Y S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The research background focused on investigating deformation in the T.73 Nonohonis-Kefamenanu transmission tower structure that was suspected to be caused by soil movement due to the tower’s location on a sloped area. To analyze this, various tests were conducted to examine the soil properties and slope stability considered the impact of intense rainfall. The Cone Penetration Test (CPT) results revealed hard soil at depths of 6.8 meters (S1), 8.4 meters (S2), and 7.4 meters (S3), falling within the Silty Sand to Sandy Silt - Sand zone, with qc > 200 kg/cm2. Boring & N-SPT tests indicated hard soil with N-SPT values > 50 at depths of 18 meters (BH-1) and 8 meters (BH-2). The geoelectrical survey using the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration found a groundwater layer at 3-5 meters and suggested the presence of a slip plane. Janbu’s method was used to analyze slope stability, taking into account the complex profiles, layers, and soil characteristics. Modeling results showed minimum safety factors after rainfall (SF 1 = 1.827) and after 30 days (SF 3 = 3.302) following the installation of a 15-meter bored pile foundation with a 50-ton load at the chimney.
Investigating the Stability of the Candi Kelir using DDA
Authors: Octavia Karina , Wu Jian-Hong , Handoko Luky 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Candi Kelir, which is a candi in Prambanan, is a historical masonry structures threatened by high potency of earthquake in Indonesia. Investigating the stability of Candi Prambanan is essential for determining the capability to withstand earthquake loads. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) has been extensively applied in the disciplines of rock mechanics and rock engineering. Two-dimensional DDA is chosen to simulate the behaviour of Candi Kelir towards earthquake load. Geometry of each block of Candi Kelir is obtained by Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) method. Simulation of Candi Kelir is conducted using the seismic excitation from the destructive 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake. The result of the simulation shows the capability of DDA to simulate the behaviour of masonry structure which allows fully detachment of the blocks. During the earthquake, most of the top structures are failing, thus DDA can simulate and generate the result. Wider application of DDA into the historical masonry structure will be helpful to prevent more damage due to earthquakes.
Development of Plane Strain Ratio for Soil Nailing Wall in Clay
Authors: Lyman R A , Lim A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Deep excavation analysis, the numerical modelling is now often utilized. Deep excavation is, in fact, a three-dimensional issue. Two-dimensional analysis is still often used for practical purposes. For deformation analysis, plane strain ratio (PSR) is an option to acquire three-dimensional behaviour from two-dimensional analysis. For braced excavations, PSR is well established, but it is yet unknown how to construct retaining walls using soil nails. The aim of this paper is to propose the PSR chart for a soil nailing wall used as a retaining structure in clayey soil with an asymmetrical layout. The excavation case history is adopted for this study. Later, the length (L) and width (B) of the excavated area were varied as part of three-dimensional parametric research to create a soil nailing wall PSR chart.
P-y Curve for Estimation Lateral Bearing Capacity of Single Bored Pile in Overconsolidated Soils Using The Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method.
Authors: Tommy A , Widjaja B , Hutabarat G M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The p-y curve method is widely used to predict piles’ lateral bearing capacity. It assumes independent springs with a non-linear modulus of subgrade reaction for analyzing soil resistance (p) and deflection (y). This study determined the lateral bearing capacity using the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM-3D) and finite difference method (FDM), which was later compared with the loading test results. Therefore, the pile head condition is assumed to be the free-head. To determine the lateral bearing capacity, input the lateral deflection at the pile head. In FEM-3D, the pile and lateral deflection in the pile head is modeled using cluster elements and surface-prescribed horizontal displacements, respectively. On the other hand, in FDM, pile heads and boundary conditions are modeled using displacement and moment. The results of the lateral bearing capacity using FEM-3D provide predictions that are close to the loading test, with a difference of about 4.2%. In contrast, the FDM method produced conservative results due to its reliance on semi-empirical formulas. The ultimate soil resistance (Pult) formula in FDM is more suitable for rigid-pile behavior. The prediction of lateral bearing capacity using FEM-3D provides more accurate results due to its ability to model complex soil-pile interaction. The stress history, soil-pile interaction, and more reliable constitutive models can be modeled in FEM-3D.
Innovations in Micropile Testing Using Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors
Authors: Mohamad H , Tee B P , Beddelee A A A M , Khoo C M , Ghazali M F , Nasir M Y M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicropiles are primarily used in situations where traditional foundation methods, such as large-diameter bored piles or driven piles, are not feasible due to various constraints, including limited access, low headroom, or the need to work in environmentally sensitive areas. They are often employed in urban areas with restricted space or for underpinning existing structures. Two case studies of instrumented micropiles are presented in this paper, with the aim to showcase innovations in pile testing using Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing (DOFS). In the first project, micropiles were installed as part of an underpinning work where several existing piles were removed to allow safe passage of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) underneath the building. An experiment pile was instrumented with conventional and DOFS sensors to measure pile responses due to tunnelling in proximity. In the second project, the micropile was tested to determine its load carrying capacity for buildings constructed in hilly area. In both cases, API pipes were applied and socketed into bedrocks. Optical cables were attached on four sides of the steel pipes and subsequently grouted. During the load tests, DOFS data were able to display precisely the shaft distribution of micropiles when subjected to vertical loads as well as bending behaviour due to the close proximity tunnelling. Interpretations of distributed strain profiles from DOFS have contributed to a better understanding of API-reinforced micropile performance under complex geological and loading conditions.
Stabilization of Batu Pahat Peat by Using Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Authors: Abu Talib M.K , Zainorabidin A , Pakir F , Md Yusof Z , Basri K. , Salikin A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Malaysia possesses the distinction of being the ninth biggest expanse of peat soil land globally, hence encountering significant geotechnical challenges characterised by elevated moisture content, substantial organic composition, diminished shear strength, and reduced bearing capacity. The objective of this study is to investigate the fundamental geotechnical characteristics and strength of Batu Pahat peat that has been stabilised using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The application of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in the process of peat stabilisation has the potential to enhance the mechanical properties and strength of the soil. Nevertheless, the extensive utilisation of cement might result in environmental degradation. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the incorporation of agricultural waste by-products as a partial substitute for cement. Hence, the objective of this research is to employ Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a supplementary material in cementitious systems. An experimental investigation was undertaken to determine the ideal mix ratio by replacing cement with rice husk ash (RHA) in the range of 5% to 20%. The findings indicate that the peat under investigation can be classified as a hemic peat variety characterised by a high level of acidity. The experimental findings indicated that the peat treated with a 5% concentration of rice husk ash (RHA) (referred to as C95 RHA5) exhibited the maximum Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value of 262 kN/m2. To validate the findings of the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test, an additional analysis was performed using the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) technique. This examination aimed to confirm the presence of calcium, which serves as evidence for the observed improvement in strength. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the utilisation of RHA as a substitute for cement at a proportion of 5% exhibits potential for application in Hemic peat.
Microstructure Behaviour of the Marine Clay Treated with Geopolymer
Authors: Pakir F , Abdullah M , Zainorabidin A , Talib M K A , Yusof M Z M , Salikin A , Yunos N Z M , Othman B A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Marine clay usually related with poor soil properties, high settlement and instability that are not suitable for engineering requirements and low compressive strength. To solve this problem, chemical stabilizer is one of the soil stabilization method in construction industry which one of them are geopolymer stabilizer to increase the strength of marine clay soil. However, the study regarding of microstructure treated marine clay using geopolymer are less study. Hence, this study focus on the microstructure behaviour of treated marine clay using geopolymer stabilizer. The approach employed in this investigation was the preparation of the sample by the incorporation of marine clay soil and geopolymer (addition of 6% Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)). The sample was then subjected to several microstructure tests, including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM). The findings demonstrate the alterations in the microstructural characteristics of marine clay following the application of geopolymer stabilization. According to the results of the XRD analysis, no further peaks were observed. Conversely, the SEM examination revealed a reduction in the voids within the marine clay soil, leading to increased density as the curing period increased. Furthermore, the Particle Size Analysis reveals that the use of a stabilizer results in a notable augmentation in the soil particle sizes. Consequently, This study may be utilized to examine the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of treated soil.
Potential of Methanotroph bacteria as non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in rice paddy fields in Morowali regency
Authors: Marhani  , Sahur A , Adrianton  , Jeki  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of all the gases in the atmosphere. Although it is very abundant in the atmosphere, nitrogen cannot be used directly by plants. The aims of this study were to isolate, characterize and identify the morphology and physiology of methanotrophic bacteria, calculate the total population of methanotrophic bacteria and analyze the chemical properties of paddy rice soil in Morowali Regency. Results Based on the gram reaction test, 11 isolates were gram negative, 11 isolates were catalase positive, 11 isolates were capable of nitrogen fixation, five isolates were yellowish white, five isolates were white, one isolate was yellow, six isolates had a convex elevation, and five isolates had a flat elevation. Based on the identification results, the Witaponda sub-district produced five isolates, three isolates from Bumiraya, two isolates from Bungku Barat and one isolate from Bungku Tengah District. Based on the results of the calculation of the number of bacteria found in Witaponda subdistrict as much as 54.05x106 Cfu/mL Bumiraya as much as 40.21x106 Cfu/mL, Bungku Barat as much as 12.06x106 Cfu/mL, Bungku Tengah as much as 11.65x106 Cfu/mL. The results of the analysis of soil chemical properties showed that pH, CEC, organic C, P205, K were classified as low in both irrigated and rainfed rice fields.
The metabolomic profile of Garcinia intermedia leaves with several sample drying methods
Authors: Budiyanti T , Nawfetrias W , Mansyah E , Indriyani NLP , Reninta R , Husada ED 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Garcinia intermedia, commonly called cherry mangosteen or lemon drop mangosteen, originates from Mexico and Central America. This plant is not cultivated in Indonesia because the fruit is less tasty than mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). Information about the metabolome content in Garcinia intermedia needs to be known to increase its commercial use. Several studies have shown that this species has anti-microbial content that benefits health. This study aims to perform metabolomics profiling in the leaves of Garcinia intermedia using 3 (three) treatments of leaves drying methods such as air-dried (room temperature), freeze-drying, and oven (hot air) through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The results identified a total of 35 different compounds in the leaves of Garcinia intermedia. The highest area pct was Friedelan-3-one (29.92%) obtained from air-dried preparation method. The other identified compounds were the sesquiterpenes group (beta-Caryophyllene, gamma-Muurolene, Naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1- (1-methylethyl)-,(1S-cis)-, and 1-Isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene), Alkane group (Octadecane and Heptacosane) and vitamin E (delta-Tocopherol and dl-alpha-Tocopherol). This study revealed the insight of potential uses of Garcinia intermedia leaves extract with additional functional metabolites that could further be used to discover potential drugs that benefits for human health.
Forest conversion to agricultural lands: impact on soil physical characteristics
Authors: Hasanah U , Amami A A , Amelia R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Forest conversion to other land uses, particularly for agriculture, has been prevalent worldwide, with Indonesia being particularly affected. The removal of forest cover, which exposes the organic matter to more severe climatic conditions, leads to a deterioration in the physical characteristics of the soil. This paper investigates the alterations in various soil physical properties when forests are converted into agricultural land uses, including fallow areas with shrubs, wetland rice cultivation, cacao plantations, durian plantations, and avocado plantations. Both undisturbed and disturbed soil samples from each land use were analyzed to assess hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and soil organic carbon (C) content. With the exception of wetland rice, all land uses exhibited a sandy loam texture. The forests contained the highest amount of SOC (4.70%), while the other samples contained less than half (2.01%) of this quantity.
Review: Population establishment and genetic study of Java, Bali and Sumatra Salak crossing
Authors: Hadiati Sri , Indriyani Ni Luh Putu , Jumjunidang  
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Indonesia has a high diversity of Salak. The cultivars that are widely cultivated are Salak Pondoh, Java, Bali, and Sumatra. These cultivars have a delicious taste and different superiorities. The crossing was needed to combine their superiorities and obtain superior varieties. Crosses result in 17 hybrids Salak populations with moderate to high diversities. Salak Sidimpuan (SDP, SDS, SDM) and the progenies derived from crossing Salak Sidimpuan as female parents have a larger plant and leaflets size but have relatively few leaves. Salak Bali, Salak Sidimpuan, and the progenies derive from crossing Salak Sidimpuan as the female parents have a flesh thickness of 1.0 cm. A crossing between Salak Pondoh (non-astringent) x Salak Java (astringent) and a crossing between Salak Sidimpuan (astringent) x Salak Sanjung (astringent) produced progenies whose fruit have an astringent taste. On the other hand, the crossing between Salak Sidimpuan x Mawar produce partially astringent fruit and some non-astringent. Selection of these progenies resulted in three superior varieties, namely Sari Intan 48, Sari Intan 541, and Sari Intan 295, and an ideal candidate variety, namely PH-MW (35-13), with the advantage of thick flesh, sweet and non-astringent taste, fruit weight > 65 g, and fragrance.
Effectiveness of media B5 (Gamborg) for multiplication of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) in vitro
Authors: Gusmiaty  , Syamsinar  , Restu M , Iswanto  , Aida N , Larekeng S H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen, also known as sengon, is one of the most important and adaptable pioneer species. The Sengon plant is one of the quickest-growing tropical plants. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal medium for sengon multiplication with the addition of ZPT, cytokinin, BAP, and kinetin, either singly or in combination. The research design employed was an entirely random design (CRD). Media M2 (B5 + BAP 0.1), which was the medium with the highest number of shoots, was determined to be the optimal medium for sengon plantlets in the study. At 1 MST, the fastest medium for leaf emergence was (B5 + BAP 0.2) media. The poisson test analysis shows that, in comparison to other media, the M2 medium (B5 + BAP 0.1) has a very significant impact on the quantity of leaves. The medium with the highest average height of sengon plantlets was M1 (B5 Control), with 1.73 cm. The highest percentage of dead plantlets on M4 medium was 33%, while on M9 medium it was 17%, due to browning leading to cell death. Only media M4 (BAP 0.2), M5 (Kinetin 0.2), and M9 (BAP (0.2) + Kin (0.2) contained plantlets contaminated by bacteria at a concentration of up to 17%, which inhibited plantlet growth.
Physical and chemical characteristics of 12 local varieties of Banggai Yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Kadekoh I , Basri Z , Tellu A T , Sundu B , Rahim A , Lamusa A , Rois  , Yusuf R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Banggai yam is a yam originating from the Banggai Islands and Banggai Laut Districts, Indonesia, and has been the leading food for the population for generations and can be an alternative food to replace rice. This research was conducted to determine the physical characteristics (shape and color of tubers) and chemicals (water, ash, fiber, fat, protein, and carbohydrates) of 12 varieties. Yams are obtained from farmers’ harvests taken at random. Physical characteristics were observed visually, while chemical analysis was analyzed according to AOAC (1990). The shape of the tuber is round, oval, elongated, fingered, and branched. The colors of the bulbs are white, red, yellow, and purple. The lowest average moisture content was found in Solopia (5.32%) and the highest was found in Lendut (7.52%), the lowest ash was found in Sombok (1.76%), and the highest was obtained in Liboko (3.45%). The lowest fat was found in Butun (0.53%), and the highest was found in Doso (2.39%), the lowest fiber was found in Doso (0.80%), and the highest was found in Liboko (1.79%), the lowest protein was found in Doso (4.42%) and the highest was in Lendut (9.27%), the lowest starch was found in Liboko at 80.38%, and the highest was found in Danggang at 86.63%, the lowest amylose was 13.38% in Pusus, and the highest was found in 25.11% in Boan mbol, the lowest amylopectin was 74.89% in the Boan mbol variety, and the highest was 86.62% in the Pusus variety, and the most inadequate glucose was 0.54% in Pusus sago, and the highest was 2.44% in Solopia. Banggai yam has the potential as a source of healthy alternative food and can be developed as a functional food and food diversification.
Evaluation of nutrient status and soil fertility and utilization of local weeds as organic fertilizer in agricultural land affected by liquefaction natural disaster
Authors: Isrun Isrun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study’s first phase results identified 17 species of weeds with 11 species of low index class and six species of medium index class. Based on nutrient content, there were four locations with low fertility status, SPL1, SPL5, SPL6 and SPL7. In addition, there were three locations, SPL2, SPL3, and SPL4, with moderate fertility levels. In the study’s second phase, the highest pH H2O (6.38) was obtained at a dose of 25 tons per ha of Bokashi weed and 225 kg per ha of SP-36. This treatment was significantly different from other treatments. The highest available phosphorus was detected at a dose of 25 tons per ha of Bokashi weed 225 kg per ha of SP-36, namely 28.87 ppm, which was significantly different from other treatments. Moreover, there was an increase phosphorus uptake in plant due to the application of Bokashi fertilizer and SP-36 fertilizer. P uptake increased at a dose of 25 tones of Bokashi fertilizer per ha (P3) and SP-36 fertilizer dose of 225 kg per ha (S3) with an average of 0.68 g per plant.
A single control area policy as a threat to food security in West Lombok Regency
Authors: Tajidan Tajidan , Halil Halil , Siddik Muhamad , Sofwan Sofwan , Yunidiya Dini Rizka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Land conversion from agriculture to non-agriculture is currently taking place, and it is suspected that it will become more massive if the single-area policy is enforced. The study aims to modify the formulation of the carrying capacity index of sustainable food-agriculture land in accordance with the single-control regional policy to maintain self-sufficiency in rice food. Primary data collection uses survey techniques, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Secondary data was obtained by applying the desk study literacy method. The projected rice demand data of the population is multiplied by the average need for rice per person, while the food supply is calculated by average land productivity and annual cropping index. The land carrying capacity index can be modified from a production needs approach to a paddy field needs approach, and the land carrying capacity index can be used to analyze sustainable food needs. Food security in West Lombok District is able to return to self-sufficiency in food until 2030, but due to the policy of a single control area, food self-sufficiency is threatened with however, unless increasing the cropping index to 300% per annum.