bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: After Knowledge
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo attain anthropological validity, a study should take into account three dimensions with variable input. It should provide social analysis (of spheres), cultural analysis (of frames) and life-sensing. Overlooking one or more dimension will obstruct insight in tensors. Science and engineering reduce the dimensions in order to ‘simplicate’, which is to translate events into predictable processes (vectors). Avoiding political correctness increases the fragmentation of society because ignores the sphere (the one maintaining the status quo) which a social analysis reveals. Socioeconomic measures worsen the automation of thought if they disregard the frame, the logos in the nomos, derived from cultural analysis.A combined social and cultural analysis points the way to fight discrimination (via newspaper columns, blogs, school books, sensitivity readers and corporate diversity cells) but the interventions will seem partisan unless their frame and sphere are grounded in life, a third dimension starting with the sources of production the species taps into and cares for. Cultures do not result merely from historical convergence.
Chapter Two: Frameshift
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn social change and by extension in any transition to a lifeway, language is pivotal. So is the framing through language. What does this mean in a post-knowledge society, which in the words of Marazzi is a language economy evolved out of capitalism?Whether in misrepresentations about animism, the miscommunication between a British and an American passenger on the train, the clash of liberal and non-liberal democracy, or the injustice of Putin’s invasion, the researcher has to discern the underlying frames of experience and subsequently be able to relate them, and comprehend the power of their shift. Inspired by the work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson, this chapter details the steps of de-simplication. For this purpose the book employs figures that are structuralist. By this I mean that the figures compare ideas by relating implied experiences. The relating is a tensorial skill.
Chapter Three: Losing the Feel for the Craft
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThings tell a story. They can unveil the direction our society is heading in. Efficient warfare epitomized by the drone simplicates violence. The ‘double tap’ technique lubricates civilian killing in the current phase when societies have become human terrain systems.Also in the Global South, such as in the socially stressed regions of eastern and central Africa, a simplex type of magic has emerged. Why would torturing a body with albinism traits yield fortune? To infer what exactly has changed to create this belief, the chapter uses ethnographic data to weave together the social, cultural and existential dimensions of medicine. The inference is extended to simplex society at large. Both technology and witchcraft are highly overrated in such society where meaning and feeling have bifurcated, and frames disappear from view.
Chapter Five: Simplex Communication Society
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDisregard of frames in a statement, or mixing up its frame and sphere, have become a daily affair. Cases discussed here comprise, among others, idyllic alpine communities voting extremely, an internal conflict in a university, stock exchange crazes, international boycotts, cultural essentialism normalizing structural inequality, the shootings by incels and a documentary about Britney Spears. Frames distend or spheres contract. The recent anthropological theories of ontology and intersectionality cannot account for the dynamic characterizing the epoch.The chapter sketches the impasse of the Anthropocene in terms of the macro-context of global information networks. Is a massive shift of lifeway conceivable today? The chapter illustrates and applies the six obstructions proper to simplex communication: unidimensional, unmediated, disconnected, frameless, fragmented, viral. Together these prevent the shifting of frames, cause spheres to fragment into bubbles, and counter an important intuitive energy, that of belonging to the human species. The process has a history gradually involving wider scales of society. Lifeways determine how the affects of trust, sense of impact and connection are transformed.
Chapter Six: Collective Reason
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat is the reason for recent prodemocracy causes failing to push through? Frameshift does not suffice in itself to break the deadlock and implement social change. A second way out of the simplex, and effective in combination with frameshift, is to move sphere. This operation concentrates on the second dimension of validity, following social analysis. An example is an ecological intervention leaving party politics behind to engage with the judicial sphere, where sanctions are imposed on a failing government.Enlightenment and Marxism were feats of de-simplication to achieve freedom and equality respectively. The first matrix on free-thinking individuals taking rational decisions deconstructed collective traditions, specifically the religious simplexes of evil and sin. The second matrix rejected the employees’ obedience to the employer by revealing that the former were the actual sources of the latter’s capital because they produced commodities. Is the battle inevitable between the two matrixes, the West’s twin paradigms, the French Revolution’s first two values? The third value of inclusion, a necessity since globalization, turns out to be the missing link to uphold the other two values. A mysterious logic transpires in our structuralist analysis: ‘The sources of reason are collectively produced.’ To escape Luhmann’s dilemma stating ‘No inclusion without exclusion’, we have to shift our attention to the species, the source of collective reason, situated in the future. The species has a common fate. The chapters of Part II illustrate how to think inclusively; how to be ‘tensorial’.
Spectral Gap and Dirichlet Ground State
Authors: Kurasov Pavel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter is entirely devoted to the studies of the lowest non-trivial eigenvalue of operators on graphs. For standard Laplacians on connected graphs the lowest eigenvalue is $$ \lambda _1 = 0 $$

λ

1

=
0
and we shall be interested in $$ \lambda _2$$

λ

2

, which coincides with the spectral gap $$ \lambda _2 - \lambda _1$$

λ

2

−

λ

1

. For Laplacians with Dirichlet vertices it is already non-trivial to calculate the ground state $$ \lambda _1 > 0 $$

λ

1

>
0
. To study these quantities similar methods can be used: Eulerian path and symmetrisation techniques, Cheeger’s approach, surgery principles. Most of these methods work for Schrödinger operators but in order to illuminate connections between spectrum and topology/geometry we shall focus on standard and Dirichlet Laplacians. The methods developed will be extended to higher eigenvalues in the following chapter.
Higher Eigenvalues and Topological Perturbations
Authors: Kurasov Pavel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSome fundamental estimates for higher eigenvalues of standard Laplacians have already been derived in Sect. 4.6. The goal of this chapter is twofold: on the one hand considering the standard Laplacian we derive explicit fundamental estimates for higher eigenvalues and describe the behaviour of such eigenvalues under topological perturbations. Here techniques developed in the previous chapter are used. On the other hand, considering Schrödinger operators with most general vertex conditions we analyse the behaviour of the spectrum under topological perturbations and show that intuition gained during our studies of standard Laplacians cannot always be applied: the eigenvalues may depend on topological perturbations in a completely opposite way.
Further Theorems Inspired by Ambartsumian
Authors: Kurasov Pavel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe continue to derive results in the spirit of classical Ambartsumian Theorem 14.1. In the first part we use heat kernel technique to show that a Schrödinger operator is isospectral to a Laplacian only if the potential is zero. This part is rather technical but does not require any a priori knowledge of heat kernel semigroups. In the second part the theory of almost periodic functions is used to obtain uniqueness results for Laplace and Schrödinger operators.
Connecting Euclidean to light-cone correlations: from flavor nonsinglet in forward kinematics to flavor singlet in non-forward kinematics
Authors: Yao Fei , Ji Yao , Zhang Jian-Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a unified framework for the perturbative factorization connecting Euclidean correlations to light-cone correlations. Starting from nonlocal quark and gluon bilinear correlators, we derive the relevant hard-matching kernel up to the next-to-leading-order, both for the flavor singlet and non-singlet combinations, in non-forward and forward kinematics, and in coordinate and momentum space. The results for the generalized distribution functions (GPDs), parton distribution functions (PDFs), and distribution amplitudes (DAs) are obtained by choosing appropriate kinematics. The renormalization and matching are done in a state-of-the-art scheme. We also clarify some issues raised on the perturbative matching of GPDs in the literature. Our results provide a complete manual for extracting all leading-twist GPDs, PDFs as well as DAs from lattice simulations of Euclidean correlations in a state-of-the-art strategy, either in coordinate or in momentum space factorization approach.
Like-sign W-boson scattering at the LHC — approximations and full next-to-leading-order predictions
Authors: Dittmaier Stefan , Maierhöfer Philipp , Schwan Christopher , Winterhalder Ramon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a new calculation of next-to-leading-order corrections of the strong and electroweak interactions to like-sign W-boson scattering at the Large Hadron Collider, implemented in the Monte Carlo integrator Bonsay. The calculation includes leptonic decays of the W bosons. It comprises the whole tower of next-to-leading-order contributions to the cross section, which scale like $$ {\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}^3 $$

α
s
3

α4, $$ {\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}^2 $$

α
s
2

α5, αsα6, and α7 in the strong and electroweak couplings αs and α. We present a detailed survey of numerical results confirming the occurrence of large pure electroweak corrections of the order of ~ −12% for integrated cross sections and even larger corrections in high-energy tails of distributions. The electroweak corrections account for the major part of the complete next-to-leading-order correction, which amounts to 15–20% in size, depending on the details of the event selection chosen for analysing vector-boson-scattering. Moreover, we compare the full next-to-leading-order corrections to approximate results based on the neglect of contributions that are not enhanced by the vector-boson scattering kinematics (VBS approximation) and on resonance expansions for the W-boson decays (double-pole approximation); the quality of this approximation is good within ≲ 1.5% for integrated cross sections and the dominating parts of the differential distributions. Finally, for the leading-order predictions, we construct different versions of effective vector-boson approximations, which are based on cross-section contributions that are enhanced by collinear emission of W bosons off the initial-state (anti)quarks; in line with previous findings in the literature, it turns out that the approximative quality is rather limited for applications at the LHC.
Probing Poincaré violation
Authors: Gupta Rick , Jaeckel Joerg , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Time and space translation invariance, giving rise to energy and momentum conservation, are not only amongst the most fundamental but also the most generally accepted symmetry assumptions in physics. It is nevertheless prudent to put such assumptions to experimental and observational tests. In this note, we take the first step in this direction, specifying a simple periodic time dependence that violates time translation invariance in QED, and setting phenomenological constraints on it. In addition to observational and experimental constraints on time varying couplings, we focus on probes of violation of energy conservation such as spontaneous production of photon and electron pairs and the e → eγ process. We discuss similarities and differences to the discussion of time varying fundamental constants and to the case of a light bosonic dark matter field that usually also causes oscillating effects.
Insights into the structure and function of the RNA ligase RtcB
Authors: Moncan Matthieu , Rakhsh-Khorshid Hassan , Eriksson Leif A. , Samali Afshin , Gorman Adrienne M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo be functional, some RNAs require a processing step involving splicing events. Each splicing event necessitates an RNA ligation step. RNA ligation is a process that can be achieved with various intermediaries such as self-catalysing RNAs, 5′–3′ and 3′–5′ RNA ligases. While several types of RNA ligation mechanisms occur in human, RtcB is the only 3′–5′ RNA ligase identified in human cells to date. RtcB RNA ligation activity is well known to be essential for the splicing of XBP1, an essential transcription factor of the unfolded protein response; as well as for the maturation of specific intron-containing tRNAs. As such, RtcB is a core factor in protein synthesis and homeostasis. Taking advantage of the high homology between RtcB orthologues in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes, this review will provide an introduction to the structure of RtcB and the mechanism of 3′–5′ RNA ligation. This analysis is followed by a description of the mechanisms regulating RtcB activity and localisation, its known partners and its various functions from bacteria to human with a specific focus on human cancer.
Assessing Preferences of Facial Appearance in Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patients
Authors: Cronin Brendan J. , Fadich Sarah , Lee Justine C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
We designed a survey to evaluate preferences of facial appearance in transgender male (TM), transgender female (TF) and gender nonbinary patients to better inform goals of facial gender affirming surgery (FGAS) in gender nonbinary patients.

Methods
TM/TF and nonbinary patients > 18 years old were identified via retrospective chart review and distributed an anonymized survey via email from October 3 to December 31, 2022. To assess facial preferences, AI-generated and open-source portraits were edited to create five image sets with a range of features from masculine to feminine for the forehead, mandible/chin and hairline. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests and ANOVA in R-Studio.

Results
Survey response rate was 32% (180 patients identified via chart review, 58 respondents; TM = 5, TF = 39, nonbinary = 14). TM and TF patients as well as TF and nonbinary patients had significantly different preferences for all regions (p < 0.005; all series), while TM and nonbinary patients did not (p => 0.05; all series). TF patients consistently selected 4s with neutral or more feminine features. TM and nonbinary patients, however, demonstrated no consistent preference for either male or female features but rather a range of responses spanning extremes of both masculine and feminine options. When stratified by sex assigned at birth, nonbinary patients consistently identified preferences opposite to their assigned gender.

Conclusion
Gender nonbinary and TM patients appear to have uniquely individual preferences regarding facial appearance that do not fit into classically masculine or feminine patterns/phenotypes. As a result, we recommend individualized preoperative planning for FGAS to achieve the optimal result in these patient populations.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Summer compound heatwaves over China: projected changes at different global warming levels and related physical processes
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Dong Buwen , Schiemann Reinhard , Robson Jon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBased on the multi-model ensemble mean of CMIP6 simulations, the future changes in frequency, intensity and duration of Compound (both daytime and nighttime) heatwaves (HWs) in summer over China at various global warming levels (GWLs) under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 are assessed. HWs over China become more frequent and hotter, and the duration of HWs becomes longer compared to those in the recent climate. The magnitudes of these changes are primarily dependent on GWLs, but they are not very sensitive to the scenarios. At 4 ℃ GWL, the frequency of HWs increases by more than fivefold under both scenarios, and the intensity (duration) of HWs averaged under the two scenarios is 2.28 ℃ hotter (3.59 days longer) than the one in the recent climate over the entire China. Meanwhile, the maximum duration of HW events can reach more than 25 days in summer in comparison with 8 days in the recent climate. The changes in HW properties are regionally dependent at the four GWLs. For example, the largest increase in HW frequency is over the Northwest China, the largest increase in intensity in HWs is seen over the Northeast and Northwest, and the largest increase in HW duration is over the Southwest China. The extreme rare events (50-year and 100-year events) in the recent climate would become the norm over China and four sub-regions at 4 ℃ GWL. Overall, seasonal mean warming dominates the changes in HW properties over China at the different GWLs. The seasonal mean warming in summer across China is related to the increases of longwave radiation, partly due to increase in greenhouse gas forcing and partly resulted from increased water vapor and the increase of shortwave radiation (under the SSP5-8.5) over eastern China related to decreases in aerosols and total cloud cover. Furthermore, the regional variations in the water vapor over China are consistent with atmospheric circulation changes. The seasonal mean surface warming results in enhanced upward sensible and latent heat fluxes, leading to increased summer mean daily maximum and minimum of near-surface air temperature and the enhancement of HWs properties over the entire China. Changes of shortwave radiation tend to play a weaker role for surface warming under the SSP3-7.0 than those under the SSP5-8.5, which is related to increased aerosol changes under the SSP3-7.0.
Renal and cardiovascular prognostic significance of echocardiographic early diastolic mitral annular velocity in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Sági Balázs , Késői István , Vas Tibor , Csiky Botond , Nagy Judit , Kovács Tibor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), as in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity are many times higher than in the general population, and diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has prognostic significance as well. Tissue Doppler Echocardiography (TDI) is another method for measuring myocardial contractility and determining diastolic dysfunction. 79 IgAN patients (age 46 ± 11 years) with CKD stages 1–3 were investigated and followed for 70 ± 28.7 months. Doppler echocardiography was used to measure the E (early) and A (late) waves, as well as the E wave deceleration time (EDT) during mitral inflow. TDI was used to measure early (Ea) and late (Aa) diastolic velocities (lateral and septal basal wall fragment average). From these, we calculated the E/Ea and Ea/Aa ratios. The primary combined endpoints were total mortality, major CV events, and end-stage renal disease, and the secondary endpoints were cardiovascular or renal (eGFR decreased below 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or renal replacement therapy was started). Patients with decreased Ea (< 13 cm/s) had significantly more endpoints (20/42 vs. 3/37; p = 0.001) than patients with higher Ea (≥ 13 cm/s). The secondary renal endpoints were also significantly higher (p = 0.004). In a multivariate model, the eGFR showed independent correlation with the E/A ratio (r = 0.466; p < 0.01), EDT (r = − 0.270; p < 0.01), Ea/Aa ratio (r = 0.455; p < 0.01), and decreased Ea (r = 0.544; p < 0.01). Independent factors influencing Ea were only EDT by uni- and multivariate regression but age and albuminuria by logistic regression. Decreased Ea measured by TDI seems to be an eligible factor to predict the prognosis of IgA nephropathy. The decreased Ea may be a helpful parameter to identify high-risk CKD patients.
The Platonism of Modern Physical Science: Historical Roots and “Rational Reconstruction”
Authors: Fjelland Ragnar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPerhaps the most influential historian of science of the last century, Alexandre Koyré, famously argued that the icon of modern science, Galileo Galilei, was a Platonist who had hardly performed experiments. Koyré has been followed by other historians and philosophers of science. In addition, it is not difficult to find examples of Platonists in contemporary science, in particular in the physical sciences. A famous example is the icon of twenty century physics, Albert Einstein. This paper addresses two questions related to the Platonism of modern physical science. The first is: How is Galileo’s Platonism compatible with the fact that he did perform experiments? The solution to this apparent paradox can be found in Plato’s late dialogue Timaeus. In the dialogue the world has been created by a divine craftsman according to an original plan. The task of the scientist is not primarily to describe the material world, but to reconstruct the original plan. This view has later been known as “God’s Eye View”. The second question is: If a God’s Eye View is unattainable, how is it possible to give a “rational reconstruction” of Galileo’s Platonism? The key-word is idealisation. It is further argued that idealisation is intimately related to technology. Technology is required to realize ideal experimental conditions, and the results are in its turn implemented in technology. The implication is that the quest for unity in science, based on physics as the basic science, should be replaced by the recognition of the diversity of the sciences.