bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal responsiveness to maternal passive swinging in low heart rate variability state: Effects of stimulation direction and duration
Authors: Lecanuet Jean‐Pierre , Jacquet Anne‐Yvonne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPregnant women, carrying end of gestation fetuses (38–41 weeks gestational age) were either gently rocked in an anterior posterior plane in a rocking chair or gently swayed laterally in a garden glider. Stimulation lasted for either 5 or 26 s (R5 & R26, SW5 & SW26). Fetal heart rate (HR) (bpm) and ultrasonically detected fetal movements were recorded 26 s before and during stimulation. Heart rate data were processed two ways: (a) ANOVAs performed on average values for each group and (b) comparisons of the proportion of subjects in each group showing HR accelerative change (AC), HR decelerative change (DC), or no change (NC) using χ2 statistics. HR direction and amplitude of changes were determined with the help of a conservative procedure previously developed and fitted to multidirectional HR responses (Lecanuet, Granier‐Deferre, Jacquet, & Busnel, 1992). Results of ANOVAs indicated that a 26‐s rocking stimulation induced a significant average HR acceleration (4.53 bpm) compared to a nonstimulated (control) group. Five seconds of rocking had a weaker, but still significant, effect on HR acceleration, but the two swaying conditions did not reliably affect either the HR or behavioral measures. Processing data nonparametrically confirmed that R26 stimulation evoked mostly AC (72%) and identified a gradual decrement of AC and DC percentage responses from Group R5, SW26 to Group SW5 while NC percentages raised. Hypotheses concerning the target sense activated by this stimulation were considered in relation to responses to auditory stimuli. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 57–67, 2002
Gastric saline infusion reduces ultrasonic vocalizations and brown fat activity in suckling rat pups
Authors: Nelson Eric E. , Alberts Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnder standard conditions involving isolation and cooling, it has been documented that intraoral infusion of milk and injection of the intestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) result in an attenuation in ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) emitted by infant rat pups. One of the most effective stimuli in inhibiting ingestion in suckling rat pups is gastric distension, but the effect of gastric distension on USV production has not been reported. In this experiment, we subjected infant rats to intragastric infusion of isotonic saline (2% body weight) to produce a natural level of gastric distension and hydration. We found that this stimulus resulted in a powerful reduction in USV emissions in isolated 10‐day‐old rats. In a subsequent experiment, we found that gastric saline infusion also diminished brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. There were different time courses of the gastric saline infusion effects on BAT thermogenesis and on USV emissions, however, suggesting that these processes may be independently regulated. We hypothesize that this stimulus induces a transient activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which overrides the sympathetic control of BAT and USV production. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 160–167, 2002. DOI 10.1002/dev.10019
Language, gesture, and the developing brain
Authors: Bates Elizabeth , Dick Frederic 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDo language abilities develop in isolation? Are they mediated by a unique neural substrate, a “mental organ” devoted exclusively to language? Or is language built upon more general abilities, shared with other cognitive domains, and mediated by common neural systems? Here, we review results suggesting that language and gesture are “close family”, then turn to evidence that raises questions about how real those “family resemblances” are, summarizing dissociations from our developmental studies of several different child populations. We then examine both these veins of evidence in light of some new findings from the adult neuroimaging literature and suggest a possible reinterpretation of these dissociations as well as new directions for research with both children and adults. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 293–310, 2002. DOI 10.1002/dev.10034
Role of amylin in insulin secretion and action in humans: antagonist studies across the spectrum of insulin sensitivity
Authors: Mather Kieren J. , Paradisi Giancarlo , Leaming Rosalind , Hook Ginger , Steinberg Helmut O. , Fineberg Naomi , Hanley Rochelle , Baron Alain D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAmylin is a peptide co‐secreted with insulin by pancreatic β‐cells. A role for amylin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) has been suggested by in vitro and in vivo studies indicating an effect of amylin to cause insulin resistance and/or inhibit insulin secretion.MethodsWe have determined the effect of endogenous amylin on insulin secretion and insulin action in humans by performing 4‐h hyperglycemic clamps during infusion of placebo or a specific amylin receptor antagonist (ARA) in paired, double‐blinded, crossover studies. We studied nine healthy lean, ten healthy obese (BMI>27) and ten obesity‐matched DM2 subjects.ResultsInfusion of ARA alone had no effect on basal insulin, glucose or glucose turnover in any group. Under combined hyperglycemia and ARA infusion, lean subjects displayed a 32% augmentation in insulin levels [AUC 33 565±3556 (placebo) to 44 562±1379 (ARA) pmol/l/min, p<0.01]. The concomitant increase in glucose disposal rate (GDR) was proportionate, indicating no change in insulin sensitivity (ISI 27.7±2.7 vs 27.3±2.1, p=NS). In obese subjects, basal insulin and the rise in insulin during the clamp were greater (AUC I 44% increase from 82 054±15 407 to 117 922±27 085, p<0.01), and also accompanied by a proportionate rise in GDR reflecting an unchanged insulin sensitivity (ISI 12.1±2.9 vs 10.8±3.0, p=NS). In lean and obese subjects, the C‐peptide response to hyperglycemia was also augmented by ARA (p=0.007). No effect of ARA on insulin secretion or action was observed in diabetic subjects.ConclusionsThe present data are consistent with an effect of endogenous amylin on the β‐cell to modulate and/or restrain insulin secretion, and indicate that endogenous amylin does not affect insulin action. These observations provide the first human evidence that amylin plays a role in the modulation of insulin secretion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initiation of apoptosis in the developing avian outflow tract myocardium
Authors: Rothenberg Florence , Hitomi Midori , Fisher Steven A. , Watanabe Michiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApoptosis occurs within the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) myocardium during normal development of chick hearts. This peak of apoptosis occurs at stage 30–31 and coincides with dramatic remodeling of the OFT, suggesting that apoptosis occurs to allow proper alignment of the great vessels over their respective ventricles. The signals that initiate apoptosis in this setting are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the cells undergoing apoptosis in the cardiac OFT myocardium and the cells that may influence this process. Two cell populations that may initiate apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes are the cardiac neural crest (CNC) cells and epicardial cells. We examined stage 30–31 chick embryos that had undergone removal of the CNC cells or had delayed epicardial growth for alterations of apoptosis. Removal of the CNC cells did not reduce the levels or pattern of apoptosis in the OFT myocardium. In contrast, impeding the growth of the epicardium over the OFT resulted in a 57% reduction in apoptotic cells in the OFT myocardium. Analysis of the apoptotic cells within the OFT myocardium showed that as many as 92% of them expressed cardiomyocyte markers. In the quail, the endothelial marker QH1 identified a component from the epicardium, endothelial cells, in regions where apoptosis is elevated in the OFT myocardium. These results suggest that a component from the epicardium, possibly endothelial cells, is required for the initiation of apoptosis in OFT cardiomyocytes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MLC3F transgene expression in iv mutant mice reveals the importance of left‐right signalling pathways for the acquisition of left and right atrial but not ventricular compartment identity
Authors: Franco Diego , Kelly Robert , Moorman Antoon F.M. , Lamers Wouter H. , Buckingham Margaret , Brown Nigel A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbstractTranscriptional differences between left and right cardiac chambers are revealed by an nlacZ reporter transgene controlled by regulatory sequences of the MLC3F gene, which is expressed in the left ventricle (LV), atrioventricular canal (AVC), and right atrium (RA). To examine the role of left‐right signalling in the acquisition of left and right chamber identity, we have investigated MLC3F transgene expression in iv mutant mice. iv/iv mice exhibit randomised direction of heart looping and an elevated frequency of associated laterality defects, including atrial isomerism. At fetal stages, 3F‐nlacZ‐2E transgene expression remains confined to the morphological LV, AVC, and RA in L‐loop hearts, although these appear on the opposite side of the body. In cases of morphologically distinguishable right atrial appendage isomerism, both atrial appendages show strong transgene expression. Conversely, specimens with morphological left atrial appendage isomerism show only weak expression in both atrial appendages. The earliest left‐right atrial differences in the expression of the 3F‐nlacZ‐2E transgene are observed at E8.5. DiI labelling experiments confirmed that transcriptional regionalisation of the 3F‐nlacZ‐2E transgene at this stage reflects future atrial chamber identity. In some iv/iv embryos at E8.5, the asymmetry of 3F‐nlacZ‐2E expression was lost, suggesting atrial isomerism at the transcriptional level prior to chamber formation. These data suggest that molecular specification of left and right atrial but not ventricular chambers is dependent on left‐right axial cues. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rod contributions to the electroretinogram of the dark‐adapted developing zebrafish
Authors: Bilotta Joseph , Saszik Shannon , Sutherland Sarah E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnatomical studies of the developing zebrafish retina have shown that rods approach maturity at about 15 days postfertilization (dpf). Past work has examined the photopic spectral sensitivity function of the developing zebrafish, but not spectral sensitivity under dark‐adapted conditions. This study examined rod contributions to the dark‐adapted spectral sensitivity function of the ERG b‐wave component in developing zebrafish. ERG responses to stimuli of various wavelengths and irradiances were obtained from dark‐adapted fish at 6–8, 13–15, 21–24, and 27–29 dpf. The results show that dark‐adapted spectral sensitivity varied with age. Spectral sensitivity functions of the 6–8 and 13–15 dpf groups appeared to be cone dominated and contained little or no rod contributions. Spectral sensitivity functions of the 21–24 and 27–29 dpf groups appeared to have both rod and cone contributions. Even at the oldest age group tested, the dark‐adapted spectral sensitivity function did not match the adult function. Thus, consistent with anatomical findings, the rod contributions to the ERG spectral sensitivity function appear to develop with age; however, these contributions are still not adult‐like by 29 dpf, which is contrary to anatomical work. These results illustrate that the zebrafish is an excellent model for visual development. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From language to reading and dyslexia1
Authors: Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reviews evidence in support of the phonological deficit hypothesis of dyslexia. Findings from two experimental studies suggest that the phonological deficits of dyslexic children and adults cannot be explained in terms of impairments in low‐level auditory mechanisms, but reflect higher‐level language weaknesses. A study of individual differences in the pattern of reading skills in dyslexic children rejects the notion of ‘sub‐types’. Instead, the findings suggest that the variation seen in reading processes can be accounted for by differences in the severity of individual children's phonological deficits, modified by compensatory factors including visual memory, perceptual speed and print exposure. Children at genetic risk who go on to be dyslexic come to the task of reading with poorly specified phonological representations in the context of a more general delay in oral language development. Their prognosis (and that of their unaffected siblings) depends upon the balance of strengths and difficulties they show, with better language skills being a protective factor. Taken together, these findings suggest that current challenges to the phonological deficit theory can be met. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of inositol on bulimia nervosa and binge eating
Authors: Gelber Diana , Levine Joseph , Belmaker R. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine whether inositol has therapeutic value in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating.MethodA double‐blind crossover trial using 18 g inositol versus placebo was performed in 12 patients for 6 weeks in each arm.ResultsInositol was significantly better than placebo on the Global Clinical Impression, the Visual Analogue Scale, and the Eating Disorders Inventory.DiscussionInositol is as therapeutic in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge eating as it is in patients with depression and panic and obsessive‐compulsive disorders. This increases its parallelism with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 345–348, 2001.
Childhood trauma has dose‐effect relationship with dropping out from psychotherapeutic treatment for bulimia nervosa: A replication
Authors: Mahon Jennifer , Bradley S. Nicole , Harvey Peter K. , Winston Anthony P. , Palmer Robert L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe primary goal of this study was to replicate the finding that experiences of childhood trauma have a dose‐effect relationship with dropping out from psychotherapeutic treatment for bulimia nervosa. It also aimed to replicate logistic regression findings that parental break‐up predicts dropping out.MethodThe cohort consisted of 114 women consecutively presenting to an outpatient eating disorders clinic with bulimia nervosa or atypical bulimia nervosa. Data were gathered using a retrospective, case‐note approach and were analysed using logistic regression (LR). A correlation technique was employed to assess the presence of a dose‐effect relationship between experiences of trauma in childhood and dropping out. LR models were double cross‐validated between this and an earlier cohort.ResultsThe dose‐effect relationship between experiences of childhood trauma and dropping out was confirmed. Witnessing parental break‐up in childhood again predicted dropping out of treatment in adulthood. Cross‐validation of LR equations was unsuccessful.DiscussionThese results strongly suggest that experiences of childhood trauma have a dose‐effect relationship with dropping out. Parental break‐up is a stable predictor of dropping out. It is possible that these experiences influence attachment style, particularly the ability to make and maintain a trusting relationship with a psychotherapist. Clinical implications are discussed. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 138–148, 2001.
Barriers to treatment for eating disorders among ethnically diverse women
Authors: Cachelin Fary M. , Rebeck Ramona , Veisel Catherine , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined barriers to treatment in an ethnically diverse community sample of women with eating disorders.MethodParticipants were 61 women (22 Hispanics, 8 Asians, 12 Blacks, 19 Whites) with eating disorders. Diagnosis was determined using the Eating Disorder Examination. Treatment‐seeking history, barriers to treatment seeking, ethnic identity, and acculturation were assessed.ResultsAlthough 85% of the sample reported wanting help for an eating problem, only 57% had ever sought treatment for an eating or weight problem. Individuals who had sought treatment reported being significantly more distressed about their binge eating than those who had not sought treatment and having begun overeating at a younger age. Of those who had sought help, 86% had not received any treatment for their eating problems. The main barriers to treatment seeking were financial reasons.ConclusionWomen from minority groups who have eating disorders are underdiagnosed and typically not treated. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 269–278, 2001.
Laboratory screening for electrolyte abnormalities and anemia in bulimia nervosa: A controlled study
Authors: Wolfe Barbara E. , Metzger Eran D. , Levine Jeffrey M. , Jimerson David C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveAbnormal eating patterns and recurrent purging behaviors can result in significant medical complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of abnormalities in clinical laboratory tests in patients with bulimia nervosa who reported being otherwise in good health.MethodsSubjects included nonhospitalized women (N = 74) who met criteria for bulimia nervosa outlined in the 3rd Rev. ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. They also reported use of self‐induced vomiting and/or laxatives as compensatory behaviors (purging subtype). The control group (N = 110) included female volunteers with no history of a psychiatric disorder. All subjects reported being in good medical health, were medication free, and were in a normal weight range. Blood samples were analyzed in the hospital clinical laboratory.ResultsCompared with controls, patients showed more frequent occurrence of low values for serum potassium (6.8% vs. 0.9%; p < .05) and chloride (8.1% vs. 0.9%; p < .02). Electrolyte abnormalities occurred most often in patients with frequent bulimic episodes. Study groups did not differ significantly in frequency of abnormal hemoglobin concentrations.DiscussionThese results help to clarify the expected frequency of electrolyte abnormalities in individuals with bulimia nervosa who report otherwise good medical health. The substantial frequency of hypokalemia and hypochloremia underscores the importance of an appropriate medical assessment for individuals with this disorder. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 288–293, 2001.
Serum cholesterol in bulimia nervosa
Authors: Pauporte Joelle , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to replicate and to extend previous work indicating that bulimia nervosa is associated with elevated serum levels of cholesterol and to examine the association between cholesterol and other clinical and serum measures.MethodsClinical characteristics and laboratory data including nonfasting cholesterol and thyroid indices were collected from charts of 119 women with bulimia nervosa and 42 female controls.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in mean age or body mass index. The mean serum cholesterol level of the patient group was statistically significantly greater than that of the control group (patients: 194 ± 36 mg/dl; controls: 176 ± 34 mg/dl; t = 2.77; df = 159; p = .006). The mean calculated free T4 of the bulimia nervosa patient group was statistically lower than that of the control group (patients: 1.89 ± 0.32; controls: 2.09 ± 0.26; t = 2.86; df = 141; p = .005). There was no correlation between calculated free T4 and serum cholesterol within the combined group (r = .04, p > .5, N = 143) or within the patient group (r = .08, p > .3, N = 118).ConclusionsThe average serum level of cholesterol is elevated in the patients with bulimia nervosa. The mechanism for and the consequences of this abnormality are uncertain. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 294–298, 2001.
A study of dc operating point shifts in MOSFETs with large RF signals
Authors: Hattori Yoshiyuki , Tadano Hiroshi , Nagase Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUndesired behavior caused by radio frequency (RF) noise in an automotive integrated circuit (IC) is a serious problem to be solved in order to improve the reliability of automotive electronic systems. In this paper, we measured the VD–ID characteristic changes of a MOSFET (Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) when a large RF signal was injected into the gate or the drain at 100 MHz to 2 GHz. The following changes were observed when RF was injected at the gate: (1) the drain current increases in the saturation region, (2) the drain current varies in the linear region, and (3) negative drain current flows near VD = 0. We found that (1) and (2) were caused by nonlinearities of the VD–ID characteristic, and (3) was generated because the injected RF is voltage divided by the gate oxide film capacitance and the parasitic resistance of the bulk, and the forward current of the parasitic diode that was formed between the bulk and the drain flowed. In addition, a large negative drain current generated near VD = 0 when RF was injected into the drain. This was also produced to make the forward current flow in the parasitic diode between the bulk and the drain. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(7): 18–26, 2001
Application of frequency diversity to an OFDM system
Authors: Seki Tsutomu , Itami Makoto , Ohta Hiroki , Itoh Kohji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrequency‐selective fading caused by multipath interference influences signal reception. OFDM is attracting attention as a means of dealing with this problem. In an OFDM system, equalization is easy, since the frequency‐selective fading is assumed to be flat fading on each unit of carrier, making the bandwidth of each carrier narrow. However, when frequency‐selective fading generates a deep dip, the SNR (signal‐to‐noise ratio) is degraded radically. In this case, it becomes difficult to retrieve the original information correctly, even if the equalization is appropriate. Hence, we propose an OFDM system applying frequency diversity in this paper. In this system, a unique symbol is transmitted on several carriers. These carriers are selected in order to compensate the degraded carrier by the enhanced carrier, or are selected quasi‐randomly. In the former case, although the receiver must feed back the channel transfer function for the transmitter, better characteristics are expected. In the latter case, although there is a necessity only for sharing of the common quasi‐random sequence, less gain than in the former method is expected. At the receiver, symbols which are obtained from these carriers are combined so as to maximize the SNR. A simulation shows that the proposed system can achieve larger gain, especially in a static multipath environment whose D/U is smaller, or in a Rayleigh fading environment. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(2): 17–29, 2002