bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravitreal Pharmacotherapies for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Bakri, Sophie j. , Kaiser peter k. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the past few years, delivering medication to the eye via the intravitreal route has become increasingly utilized. Intravitreal corticosteroids have played an increasing role in the treatment of macular edema owing to a variety of causes, and intravitreal anti-VEGF agents are currently in clinical trials.
A Clinician's Guide to Rheumatic Diseases in Children
Authors: Lehman Thomas J A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the United States alone, roughly 300,000 children suffer from some form of arthritis or rheumatic disease, and millions more are at risk of developing one of these diseases. In this marvelously down-to-earth guide, Thomas Lehman—the head of one of the leading pediatric rheumatology programs in the world—offers a gold mine of expert advice invaluable for pediatricians who want to become more proficient in understanding, diagnosing, and treating rheumatic disease in children. Dr. Lehman helps pediatricians interpret their patients’ complaints and determine whether and what type of medical attention is needed, explaining what symptoms to look for, what questions to ask, what tests to run, and what to expect when treatment begins. Using illustrative anecdotes, this book sheds light on a wide range of rheumatic disorders—including juvenile arthritis, Lyme disease, lupus, Kawasaki disease, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome—and it addresses such crucial topics as drug safety, genetic considerations, the potential risks to children posed by medications, the difficulty of family life when a child has a chronic disease, and much more. A Clinician’s Guide to Rheumatic Diseases in Children captures the expertise of a dedicated physician with over thirty years of hands-on experience helping children lead normal, happy lives. It will help pediatricians make sure that patients achieve the best possible outcome.
Afferent and Efferent Contributions to Knowledge of Eye Position
Authors: Niechwiej-Szwedo Ewa , Steinbach Martin J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To stay informed about the position of the eyes in the orbits, the brain has available two extraretinal signals: a copy of the efferent signal (outflow) to the extraocular muscles (EOM) and proprioception (inflow) from the EOM. Palisade endings, associated with the multiply innervated fibers of the global layer of EOM, are the putative receptors supplying the inflow eye position signal. Büttner-Ennever’s proprioceptive hypothesis for the control of eye movements is based on neuroanatomical tracing studies that identified a distinct set of non-twitch (NT) motoneurons whose activity does not add to the force used to move the eyes. It has been suggested that NT motoneurons could be involved in modulating the gain of sensory feedback from the eye muscles analogous to the gamma-efferent fibers that control the sensitivity of muscle spindles in skeletal muscles. We tested this in a series of studies where the activity of NT motoneurons was altered using the Jendrassik maneuver (JM). JM facilitates the amplitude of all tendon reflexes, most likely due to the general up-regulation of the gamma system. We found that the JM perturbation altered registered vergence eye position when observers localized targets in depth. Surprisingly, the JM did not affect higher-order perceptual judgments (size constancies), nor did it affect the saccadic system. Overall, our studies provide insight into the putative mechanism involved in the control of sensory feedback from the EOM.
Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Asadi-Pooya Ali A , Sperling Michael R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This concise handbook provides practical, up-to-date clinical guidance on effectively selecting, prescribing and monitoring antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The book provides comprehensive coverage of current treatment options, and in addition to a formal discussion of the basic pharmacology of each antiepileptic drug, the text also discusses how to choose pharmacotherapies depending upon underlying medical conditions and the type of epilepsy. The advantages and disadvantages of various drug therapies are reviewed and clear guidance is given as to which drugs should be used in various medical conditions.
Lawyers’ Poker
Authors: Lubet Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Great poker players are master tacticians. Not only do they calculate odds with lightning speed and astonishing precision, but they also cunningly anticipate and manipulate the actions of their adversaries. In short, they boast skills that every lawyer can envy. This highly entertaining work might best be summed up as “better lawyering through poker.” Steven Lubet shows exactly how the tactics of the poker table can be adapted to litigation, negotiation, and virtually every aspect of law practice. In a series of engaging and informative lessons, Lubet describes concepts like “betting for value,” “slow playing,” and “reverse bluffing,” and explains how they can be used by lawyers to win their cases. The best card players, like the best lawyers, have a knack for getting their adversaries to react exactly as they want, and that talent separates the winners from the losers. Lawyers’ Poker is an irresistible guide to successful lawyering and an enjoyable read for anyone with an interest in law. No poker knowledge required.
Judgment Calls
Authors: Farber Daniel A , Sherry Suzanna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Judgment Calls tackles one of the most important and controversial legal questions in contemporary America: How should judges interpret the Constitution? Our Constitution contains a great deal of language that is vague, broad, or ambiguous, making its meaning uncertain. Many people believe this uncertainty allows judges too much discretion. They suggest that constitutional adjudication is just politics in disguise, and that judges are legislators in robes who read the Constitution in accordance with their own political views. Some think that political decision making by judges is inevitable, and others think it can be restrained by ‘strict constructionist’ theories like textualism or originalism. But at bottom, both sorts of thinkers believe that judging has to be either tightly constrained and inflexible or purely political and unfettered: There is, they argue, no middle ground. Farber and Sherry disagree, and in this book they describe and defend that middle ground. They show how judging can be--and often is--both principled and flexible. In other words, they attempt to reconcile the democratic rule of law with the recognition that judges have discretion. They explain how judicial discretion can be exercised responsibly, describe the existing constraints that guide and cabin such discretion, and suggest improvements. In exploring how constitutional adjudication works in practice (and how it can be made better), Farber and Sherry cover a wide range of topics that are relevant to their thesis and also independently important, including judicial opinion-writing, the use of precedent, the judicial selection process, the structure of the American judiciary, and the nature of legal education. They conclude with a careful look at how the Supreme Court has treated three of the most significant and sensitive constitutional issues: terrorism, abortion, and affirmative action. Timely, trenchant, and carefully argued, Judgment Calls is a welcome addition to the literature on the intersection of constitutional interpretation and American politics.
Approaches to Consent in Canadian Data Protection Law
Authors: Lawson Philippa , O’Donoghue Mary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recognizing the dangers to privacy posed by new technologies, Canada has enacted legislation designed to protect individuals from inappropriate and unwanted uses of their personal information. Public sector privacy laws were enacted in the 1980s, followed by private sector laws in the 1990s. Since 2004, all government and commercial activity in Canada is subject to data protection legislation. Although all the statutes rely to some degree on consent for valid collection, use, and sharing of personal information, the role of consent varies significantly by sector: public sector laws rely on consent as a justification for data collection, We would like to thank Louisa Garib, James Wishart, Janet Lo, Tara Berish, Catherine Thompson, and Martin Saidla for their excellent research support, without which this paper could not have been written. Thanks also to David Matheson, Charles Raab, Marsha Hanen, George Tomlinson, Jena McGill, Jocelyn Cleary, Michael Froomkin, and Teresa Scassa for their helpful comments on a draft version of this paper.
The Catholic Tradition and the State: Natural, Necessary, and Nettlesome
Authors: Shelledy Robert B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Max Weber defines the state as a “human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force with a given territory” (Weber 1946: 78). This particular political institution is the foundation of the modern international political system, which scholars conventionally date back to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Although academics might quibble over the exact date, that period marked a transition from feudal to modern authority patterns (Krasner 1993; Philpott 2001). A consistent presence throughout this period of transition was the Catholic Church. However, there have been significant changes in the Catholic perspective on the state from the medieval period to the current day.
Historical and Chronological Setting
Authors: Budin Stephanie Lynn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is difficult to pinpoint a time when the study of ancient Greece began. Our earliest literature from ancient Greece—Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey—deal with the history of the Trojan War and the kings of Mycenaean Greece. As a result, one could argue that the study of ancient Greece dates back as far as the eighth century, before the majority of what we now consider to be “ancient Greek history” actually took place.
The word history itself is a Greek term meaning inquiries, and it was first used in the modern sense by the Greek historian Herodotus, who wrote the history of the Persian invasions that occurred during the fifth century. This “father of history” was the first non-myth-based historian in Greece. He was followed by Thucydides who, in the fifth century, wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War. These, in turn, were followed by such fourth-century historians as Xenophon, whose work is one of our main sources for information about Cyrus of Persia, Socrates of Athens, and Sparta in general. Information about Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic kingdoms that sprang up in his wake comes from Diodorus Siculus, who wrote in the late first century B.C.E.; Justinus, who summarized the works of an otherwise lost historian of the first century C.E. named Trogus Pompeius; and Plutarch of Chaeronea, who wrote in the second century C.E. and left us several biographies of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Acute exacerbations of asthma
Authors: Berger William E , Currie Graeme P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the past 20 years, the number of asthma cases has doubled in the United States. According to recent studies, 22 million Americans are asthmatic, and more than 12 million of these individuals, including more than 4 million children, had an asthma attack in 2006. Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood in the United States, and exacerbations of asthma in children lead to nearly 1 million emergency department visits annually.
The War on Terror and the Laws of War
Authors: Lewis Michael W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When a soldier in the field of battle is under attack in a small village and comes upon a villager who could be a combatant or a civilian, what rules govern how that soldier should act? If the soldier detains the villager and determines that the villager is an unaffiliated combatant, what do the rules of detention require? In The War on Terror and the Laws of War, six legal scholars with experience as military officers bring practical wisdom to the contentious topic of applying international law to the battlefield. The authors apply their unique expertise to issues that have gained greater urgency during the United States' wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: including categorizing targets and properly detaining combatants. The modern battlefield has proven to be a difficult arena in which to apply traditional legal rules. The War on Terror and the Laws of War brings clarity to the subject with an insider's perspective.
Freedom from Religion
Authors: Guiora Amos N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although many books on terrorism and religious extremism have been published in the years since 9/11, none of them written by Western authors call for the curtailment of religious freedom and freedom of expression for the sake of greater security. Rather, those terror-related debates have addressed what other civil liberties should be honored. Issues like torture, domestic surveillance, and unlawful detentions have dominated the literature in this area, but few, if any, major scholars have questioned the vast allowances made by Western nations for the freedoms of religion and speech. Freedom from Religion challenges the almost sacrosanct inviolability of these two civil liberties. By drawing the connection between politically-correct tolerance of extremist speech and the rise of terrorist activity, this book sets the context for its unique proposal that governments should introduce new limits on religious practice within their borders. To demonstrate the wisdom of this course, the author presents the disparate policies and security circumstances of five countries: the U.S., the UK, the Netherlands, Turkey, and Israel. The book benefits not just from the author’s own counter-terrorism experience in Israel and the U.S. but also from an international advisory group of leading scholars from all five of the countries under review.
The Paradox of the Archaic and the Modern in La3amon’s Brut
Authors: Brewer Derek 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Story-telling is a human characteristic. In some circles nowadays all cognitive activity and explanation is summed up as story-telling: ‘strange though this may seem, many able philosophers and sociologists now believe that scientific explanations can never be more than stories, and that notions of scientific “fact” and “discovery” are merely aids which scientists use in heightening the dramatic effect of their own theatrical performance’.’ A good many scientists would hotly dispute this, and the very formulation of the proposition here suggests its dubiety. Literary historians will recall the long history of the struggle to distinguish ‘fiction’ from ‘lies’, a distinction in modern times rendered even more difficult by consciously distorted or supplemented ‘documentaries’ or ‘factions’. The problem of the status of any kind of discourse in relation to the universe of non-discourse is at the heart of all intellectual activity, and consequently of how we live. Its ramifications are infinite, but the problem can be rapidly brought down to the particular case of literary narrative and so to what I have called traditional story.
Tragedy, God, and Writing
Authors: Sinfield Alan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
“It is impossible to understand the concrete utterance without accustoming oneself to its values, without understanding the orientation of its evaluations in the ideological environment”: so Mikhail Bakhtin.1 My case on protestantism is not that writers were all Calvinists. Rather, this orthodoxy hugely influenced the ideological field within which they produced diverse relations—of incorporation, conformity, negotiation, disjunction, subversion, and opposition—between religious orthodoxy and other, divergent ideological formations. Theater may well have been at times a radical medium (and at other times not; there is no reason to expect stage writing, or any genre of it, to be harmonious in outlook).2 The church perhaps encouraged dissident tendencies in drama by forbidding it to deal with religious matters: theater was driven into the arms of secularism, which was just about ready to receive it. And although the censor could delete “See, see where Christ’s blood streams in the firmament” from Marlowe’s Faustus, he could not so easily assess the general tendency of the action.
Remaking the Remake: Irma Vep (Assayas, I996)
Authors: Sutton Paul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Olivier Assayas’s sixth film, Irma Vep, charts the difficulties that beset a film crew remaking Louis Feuillade’s feuilleton Les Vampires (1915-16) for television. Reviewers have generally referred to Irma Vep as a film about film-making and as such it has been compared with Truffaut’s La Nuit am éricaine, which also featured Jean-Pierre Leaud. This comparison is pushed even further when Assayas and Truffaut are linked by their respective writings for Cahiers du cin éma. However, Irma Vep is not concerned simply with film-making, but is in fact a film about remaking. Ironically, the comparisons made by reviewers appear to position Assayas’s film as a kind of remake of Truffaut’s. This chapter is primarily concerned with the remake as a cinematic and cultural phenomenon and will argue that spectatorship itself may be regarded, as Irma Vep demonstrates, as a form of remaking. It will be asserted that the spectator ‘remakes’ the film viewed, afterwards, in and through memory.
The Apocryphal Apocalypse
Authors: Hamilton Alastair 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is the first study of the reception of the apocryphal Second Book of Esdras (4 Ezra) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. Professor Hamilton discusses the concepts of biblical apocrypha and canonicity in connection with the increasingly critical attitude to religious authority which developed with the humanists and intensified with the Reformation. The Book owed its initial success to Hebraists such as Pico della Mirandola and Bibliander. It was used to account for the origins of Jewish Kabbalah and to prophesy political and religious events: the fall of the Ottoman empire, or the destruction of the papacy. Anabaptists, dissident Protestants of various persuasions, Rosicrucians and Paracelsians consulted it not only as a work of prophecy but, it is argued, as an emblem of dissent, rejected by the official Churches. At the same time more sober scholars, both Protestants and Catholics, scrutinized 2 Esdras with greater objectivity, endeavouring to date it correctly and establish its authorship. This study also investigates the interaction between their views and those of the Book's enthusiastic supporters.
Essays In Appreciation
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Essays in Appreciation, Christopher Ricks continues the work of his highly-praised The Force of Poetry, with lively and provoking essays on poets and poetry. In addition, Ricks puts his appreciative pen in the service of other literary figures and genres, including drama, the novel, history and philosophy, and a discussion of Victorian biographies. Ricks wraps up the collection with a series of critical questions on literature and theory; plus two notes--on the canon, and on Empson and political criticism. W.H. Auden once wrote of Christopher Ricks that "he is exactly the kind of critic every poet dreams of finding;" with this latest volume every scholar as well as serious reader will join the poet in finding much to appreciate.
Jane Austen and the Business of Mothering
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
And then, by not beginning the business of Mothering quite so early in life, you will be young in Constitution, spirits, figure & countenance, while Mrs Wm Hammond is growing old by confinements & nursing. (To Fanny Knight, 13 March 1817) It is a half-truth universally acknowledged that Jane Austen disliked babies and didn’t blankly like children. The other half-truth-that she sometimes loved babies and often loved children-is clear enough from her family life, where, for every chastening coolness about the little ones, there can be found a heart-warming admission. Katherine Mansfield flourished a rhetorical question: ‘Can we picture Jane Austen caring-except in a delightfully wicked way- ... that people said she was no lady, was not fond of children ... ?” Well, yes, since you ask, we can. She would have repudiated the idea that she was not fond of children almost as crisply as the idea that she was no lady. The fondness of a fond parent is a travesty of true fondness. ‘I saw their little girl, & very small & very pretty she is ... Harriet’s fondness for her seems just what is amiable & natural, & not foolish.’2 This way of putting it is not so foolish (or unamiable) as to equate the natural with the objective and rational.
Literature and the Matter of Fact
Authors: Ricks Christopher 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An ageing scholar takes his young bride, for their honeymoon, to Rome, a far cry from the English provincial town which gives its staunch name to George Eliot’s supreme novel: Middlemarch. For Dorothea Brooke, now inescapably Dorothea Casaubon, the disillusionment has already begun. Rome oppresses her, though not Rome alone. Forms both pale and glowing took possession of her young sense, and fixed themselves in her memory even when she was not thinking of them, preparing strange associations which remained through her after-years. Our moods are apt to bring with them images which succeed each other like the magiclantern pictures of a doze; and in certain states of dull forlornness Dorothea all her life continued to see the vastness of St. Peter’s, the huge bronze canopy, the excited intention in the attitudes and garments of the prophets and evangelists in the mosaics above, and the red drapery which was being hung for Christmas spreading itself everywhere like a disease of the retina.
Cooking With Mud
Authors: Trotter David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It seems safe to assume that people started to drop things as soon as they started to pick them up, and that even the most aboriginal litterings and spillages did not pass entirely without comment. Mess is age-old and universal, both as phenomenon and as topic. The evidence collected in this book suggests, however, that the second half of the nineteenth century saw the first stirrings in Western culture of a primary interest in mess for its own sake: a development which had something to do with the gradual fading, amid a great deal of reassertion, of doctrines of determinism; and something to do with democracy, which would be hard to imagine without litter. Messes, like modern identities, happen by accident; their representation, in painting and fiction, made it possible to think boldly and inventively about chance. Ranging widely-from Turner to Courbet, Cézanne, and Degas, and from Melville to Maupassant, Chekhov, Gissing, and the New Woman writers-this book outlines a style of commentary on modern life in which the ancient dichotomy of order and chaos (culture and anarchy) was supplanted, at least temporarily, by a distinction between different kinds and qualities of mess.