bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging classification and BIRADS assessment of cystic breast lesions with pathologic correlates. a 5-year experience in Zaria, North West Nigeria
Authors: Adebanke Olarinoye-Akorede Sefiya , Lawal Suleiman , Zaria Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Background: Breast cysts encompass a variety of pathologies, both benign and malignant. Therefore, classifying cysts into different categories is needful to develop a management algorithm. This study aimed to describe and distinguish between simple, complicated and complex cysts; and compare the final BIRADS assessment with pathologic findings.
Materials and methods: A 5-year retrospective review of our ultrasound database identified two hundred and seventy patients with cystic breast lesions. They were divided into simple, complicated and complex cysts according to ultrasound characteristics based on shape, orientation, margin, wall thickness, internal features (echogenicity, septa, mass) posterior acoustic features, surrounding tissue vascularity. The final BIRADS assessment was correlated with histological findings.
Results: There were two hundred and sixty-six (98.5%) females and four (1.5%) males with a mean age 34.9 ± 11.8 years. The commonest presentation was a palpable mass, in 70% of the patients. There were 89 (33.0%) simple cysts, 61 (22.6%) complicated cysts and 120 (44.4%) complex cysts.
Conclusion: Majority of the breast cysts (83%) were benign with overall 17% incidence of malignancy. Complex cysts were the most frequent cyst type in our study, it is also the category most frequently associated with breast cancer, obviating the need for histology.
Keywords: Breasts; Cysts; BIRADS; ultrasound; pathology.
Cervical cancer awareness and risk factors among women residing in an urban slum in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olubodun Tope , O Ogundele Oluwatoyin , A Salisu Zainab , O Odusolu Yetunde , U Caleb-Ugwuowo Ugonnaya 
Published: October 2023

Background: Poor awareness of cervical cancer and high prevalence of its risk factors may be responsible for the large burdenof cervical cancer in low-income countries. This study assessed awareness of cervical cancer and prevalence of risk factorsamong women residing in a slum in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out amongst 305 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) inIdi-Araba, a slum in Urban Lagos. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaires. Analysis was done withSPSS 20 software.
Results: Mean age of respondents was 33.5(9.0) years. Only 12.8% of the respondents had heard of cervical cancer. Ninety-fivepercent of respondents were sexually active and 56.2% had more than one lifetime sexual partner. Close to half (47.3%) ofrespondents had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 20. One in five (22.2%) had 5 or more children. Half of therespondents (54.8%) had had abnormal vaginal discharge.
Conclusion: Awareness of cervical cancer among the women was poor and prevalence of risk factors of cervical cancer washigh. Campaigns aimed at increasing awareness of cervical cancer, and screening should be carried out by governmental andcharitable organizations for women residing in slums.
Keywords: Cervical cancer; awareness; risk factors; slum; Nigeria.
Comparative genomics of spike, envelope, and nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Sohail Khan Sufyan , Ullah Anwar 
Published: October 2023

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) upsurge sprang up in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019.
Objectives: Due to the exceptionally high mutation frequency, comparative genomics of viruses isolated throughout time and in various geographical locations are crucial. To better understand how SARS-CoV-2 heterogeneity has changed around the globe, this research was conducted.
Methods: Nucleotide and protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and bat SARS-like CoV were extracted from the NCBI Virus database. The Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 variant was used as a reference. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Study performed the phylogenetic analysis, while the Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool performed the mutational analysis.
Results: The evolutionary research has revealed that bats are the primary host for coronavirus evolution and the origin of the formation of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Numerous mutations have been discovered in the spike, envelope, and nucleocapsid protein.
Conclusions: The current research findings may have an implication that facilitates the development of prospective immunization candidates/small pharmacological compounds targeting COVID-19.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; pandemic; comparative genomics; spike protein; envelope protein; nucleocapsid protein.
The practice of using repurposed medications as chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 by healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: B Udoette Sylvanus , E Onukak Asukwo , A Umoh Victor , A Akpabio Akpabio 
Published: October 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection that has been reported in virtually every country. Healthcare workers (HCW) are more at risk of COVID-19 than the general population making them a priority group for vaccination. Before the roll out of COVID-19 vaccines in Nigeria, some HCW were using some repurposed, unapproved drugs to possibly prevent the disease. This study evaluated the frequency and pattern of drug use for COVID-19 prevention.
Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of HCW conducted in Southern Nigeria. Data was obtained from the participants using a questionnaire and blood sample was obtained for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. Data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.
Results: One hundred and sixty-six participants were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two (19.3%) of them had taken a repurposed medication as prophylaxis for COVID-19. The most used drugs were Vitamin C (9%), Azithromycin (8.4%) and Zinc (6.6%). History of contact with patient with confirmed COVID-19 and being a pharmacist were independent factors associated with the use of COVID-19 prophylaxis.
Conclusion: Several HCW in Nigeria take drugs to possibly prevent COVID-19. These medications may not offer significant protection against COVID-19. There is an urgent need to increase uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in HCW in Nigeria.
Keywords: COVID-19; Chemoprophylaxis; Healthcare workers.
Impacts of Covid-19 & black fungus on diabetes patients in India
Authors: P Belmon Anchana , Auxillia Jeraldin 
Published: October 2023

The Novel coronavirus disease Covid-19 is a highly acute respiratory, viral pathogenic and pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus which leads to a heavy loss of mankind worldwide. The origin of the virus is not well known as it confirms the transfer of disease from person to person. As the disease is a novel clinical trial of antiviral drugs only seems to be better for emergency pathogenic Covid-19 impacts. The after all effect of Covid-19 results severely elevated glucose levels causing Diabetes Mellitus. The various symptoms of black fungus also report a heavy impact on diabetic patients. The analysis of Covid-19, mucormycosis and Covid vaccines with respect to diabetes is described in the paper.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; diabetes complications; diabetic patient.
Comparison of knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among tertiary students in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi Johnson Wale , Parakoyi Bayo Dauda 
Published: October 2023

Background: Vaccination remains a potent way to curb the present covid-19 global pandemic.
Objectives: To assess knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among tertiary students in Nigeria.
Methods: In the descriptive cross-sectional study, a sample size of 750 respondents was randomly selected from a university, polytechnic and college of education (COE) in Osun State, Nigeria. Independent sample T and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyse the responses.
Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage score of poor perception, relative to good perception among the university and polytechnic respondents. Among the COE respondents, significant increases in the percentage scores of poor knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines, relative to the good variables were observed. Weak positive correlations between knowledge and willingness & perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among all the respondents were noted. In addition, there was a significant increase in good perception to covid-19 vaccines among university and COE, relative to polytechnic respondents. Asides, a significant increase in good willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines was observed among the university, compared to COE respondents.
Conclusion: There is poor knowledge, perception and willingness to receive covid-19 vaccines among tertiary students in Osun State, Nigeria.
Keywords: Covid-19 vaccines; knowledge; perception; tertiary students; willingness.
A retrospective study on side effects of first-line antiretroviral drugs on HIV patients based on 1A, 2A, and 5A regimen records at Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi
Authors: Sindie Ruth , Mwakilama Elias , Chizala Pachalo , Namangale Jimmy 
Published: October 2023

AIDS is an incurable disease that is common in Africa. Patients with HIV/AIDS having a CD4 count of less than 240 are put on life prolonging ARV drugs. The ARVs have serious side effects on some patients which may be handled by treating them or switching patient’s drug to one with no or less serious side effects. However, before doing this, more understanding of the circumstances that lead to a side effect is vital. We use statistical analyses to link side effects of 1A, 2A, and 5A treatment regimens to the patient’s social and demographic characteristics based on hospital data records. A retrospective review of patients’ master cards (2011-2014) was done to assess adverse effects associated with different ARV regimens. Out of the 901 patients that showed side effects, 65.37% were females aged 31-40 and 34.63% were males. Comparatively, 1A regimen showed more side effects than 2A and 5A regimens. Age, gender and occupation correlated significantly with regimen symptoms (p< 0.05). Unlike men, women had the following extra side effects; cough, peripheral neuropathy and leg pains as compared to lipodystrophy. Our results show that old people (50years+) are less likely to get skin rash and other symptoms compared to lipodystrophy (RRR=0.973). Further, the probability of either having cough (0.0021, p< 0.05), or skin rash (0.0021, p< 0.05), as a side effect, on average, decreases as age increases with the same sex and weight. The probability of having peripheral neuropathy (0.0042, p< 0.01), however, increases with age. Knowledge of HIV patient’s socio-demographics and the patient’s regimen side effects can be utilised to appropriately manage severe ARV side effects. A therapy consideration that takes into account chemicals in ARV regimen responsible for specific side effects can be directed to patients with compatible socio-demographic characteristics.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS; ARV regimens; symptoms; side effects; socio-demographics; multinomial logistic regression.
Efficacy of arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw in the treatment of talus fracture
Authors: Sun Bo , Liu Shibo , Xue Xinxin , Gao Yunfeng , Fu Shijie , Wang Pei 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To explore clinical effects of arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw in the treatment of talus fracture.
Methods: Forty-eight patients with talus fracture treated in hospital of Chengde Medical University from February 2015 to December 2019 were enrolled for present investigation. The patients with talus fracture were randomly assigned into two groups, with twenty-four patients per group. The patients with talus fracture in the observation group were treated with arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw, while the traditional open reduction and internal fixation were applied for the ones in control group. The clinical efficacy of the patients was evaluated three months after the operation, and the preoperative and postoperative ankle joint functions, fracture-healing time, hospital stay, and complications were carefully compared between observation and control group.
Results: A total efficiency as high as 91.67% was showed in observation group, which is distinctly better than the effective rate of control group (66.67%, P<0.05). Before operation, ankle function scores (AOFAS) of control group and observation group is 42.08 ± 4.29 and 41.75±5.31 with no significantly difference (P>0.05); while after the surgery, AOFAS scores of control group is significantly lower than that of observation group: (66.28±7.51 vs. 53.0 ±6.79, P<0.05). Moreover, healing time and hospitalized duration of observation group are 3.19±1.04 months and 3.57±0.97 days, which are also significantly shorter than 4.18±1.25 months and 8.28±2.54 days in control group, respectively, (P < 0.05). And the total complication rate in control group is 20.83%, which is higher than 8.33% in observation group (P >0.05).
Conclusion: Arthroscopic internal fixation with countersunk screw can significantly improve the efficacy and ankle joint functions, shorten the fracture-healing time and hospital stays without increasing the incidence of complications.
Keywords: Arthroscopy; countersunk screw; curative effect; internal fixation; talar fracture.
Effects of interventional vascular embolization at different timing on prognosis and serum S100 calcium-binding protein B level of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Yue Peidong , Zhang Lei , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effects of interventional vascular embolization at different timing on the prognosis and serum S100calcium-binding protein B (S100B) level of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
Methods: A total of 229 aSAH patients enrolled from January 2016 to January 2020 were divided into an early-stage group(n=66), a middle-stage group (n=95) and a late-stage group (n=68. Their baseline data, serum indices and clinical outcomes werecompared. The factors affecting their prognosis were analysed. The value of serum S100B level for predicting the prognosis wasevaluated.
Results: The early-stage group had the highest GOS score, and the late-stage group had the lowest score (P<0.05). Older age,large diameter of aneurysm, high Hunt-Hess grade upon admission, late surgical treatment and high S100B level were risk factorsfor the poor prognosis of aSAH patients. The optimal cut-off value of S100B for predicting the prognosis was 2.785 μg/L.The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index and 95% confidence interval were0.892, 84.3%, 86.3%, 0.706 and 0.844-0.940, respectively.
Conclusion: Early vascular interventional embolization is beneficial to the alleviation of brain injury and the reduction of serumS100B level.
Keywords: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; interventional vascular embolization; prognosis; S100 calcium-binding proteinB; timing.
Using a shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a nasopharyngeal airway: a useful adjunct during fiberoptic intubation training among anesthesia residents
Authors: A Salem Hosni , Aly Rayan Ayman , Abotaleb Usama , Shafiq M Abdel-wahap Essam , A Elzoughari Ismail , A Taha Alafifi Mohammed , Kamal Abdelbasset Walid , M Abodonya Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Background: Fiberoptic intubation (FOI) is considered a beneficial modality used to intubate life-threatening airway patients.This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of shortened uncuffed endotracheal tube as a nasopharyngeal airway during FOI.
Methods: Between January 2019 and March 2021, this prospective randomized controlled trial has enrolled 62 adult patients(56 males and 6 females) with normal airways scheduled for elective oral FOI classified American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA I-III), their age ranged 20-60 years. The patients were randomized into two equal groups (31 per each); in group I, FOIwas carried using lingual traction, and in group II, FOI was carried out with lingual traction plus a shortened uncuffed endotrachealtube as a modified nasopharyngeal airway to maintain oxygenation. The time taken to successful tracheal intubation andother technical parameters have been measured. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2),end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and any associated complications have been measured.
Results: During insertion of the scope, the SpO2 was significantly decreased in group I (92.55 ± 7.94) compared to group II(97.42 ± 6.34), p=0.009. The heart rate, MAP, and EtCO2 were found to be insignificantly different in both groups (p>0.05).The time needed for intubation in group I (2.78±0.98 min) was prolonged compared with group II (1.95±1.02 min) p =0.002.The number of attempts was comparable in both groups, while the number of successful intubations from the 1st attempt was12 (39%) compared to 18 (58%) in groups I and II respectively, p=0.36. The overall success rate by juniors was 71% in group Icompared to 84% in group II, p=0.66 with a lower incidence of using rescue oxygen and other facilitating maneuvers.
Conclusions: The modified nasopharyngeal airway is a useful modality to facilitate oral FOI by anesthesia resident trainees.
Keywords: Nasopharyngeal airway; Endotracheal tube; Training of FOI.
Risk factors analysis of endoscopy and TIPS in the treatment of secondary esophagogastric varicose bleeding with cirrhosis
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Yanli , Zheng Lei , Zhu Jinzhao 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To analyse the risk factors of secondary hemorrhage and survival rate in cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric varicealrupture and to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic hemostasis and TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemicshunt).
Methods: A total of 120 patients with secondary bleeding after endoscopic treatment of esophagogastric varicose bleeding withcirrhosis in our hospital during the past 3 years were retrospectively analysed. There were 65 males and 55 females, ranging inage from 49 to 74 years old, with an average of (59.5 ± 8.4) years old. The etiology, degree of varicose veins, bleeding location,hemostasis method, Infection, ascites, portal vein thrombosis or cancer thrombus, albumin, platelets, prothrombin activity, ChildPugh (Child-Pugh classification is a diagnostic criterion for liver reserve function) grade were compared in each group. The riskfactors of treatment failure and analyse the survival time was analysed.
Results: There were statistically significant differences in varicosis degree, infection, ascites, portal vein thrombosis or cancerthrombus, child Pugh grade, albumin and prothrombin activity between the failed Endoscopy group and the successful hemostasisgroup (P< 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in child Pugh grade, albumin and prothrombin activity betweenthe failed TIPS treatment group and successful hemostasis group (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in 1-yearsurvival between the endoscopy group and the TIPS group.
Conclusion: Severe varicose veins, infection, ascites, portal vein thrombosis or cancer thrombus, child pugh classification, albumin,and prothrombin activity were the major risk factors for failed secondary endoscopic therapy, child Pugh classification,albumin and prothrombin activity were the main risk factors for failure TIPS treatment. There is no significant difference inlong-term survival between the two methods.
Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; esophagogastric varicose bleeding; Endoscopy; TIPS.
Relationship of body mass index to percent body fat determined by deuterium isotopic dilution and impedancemetry among Tunisian schoolchildren
Authors: Jemaa Houda Ben , Sarra Khlifi , Karmous Inchirah , Henda Jamoussi , Khalid El Kari , Hassan Aguenaou , Abdallah Aouidet , Amani Mankaï 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the relation of body mass index (BMI) to fat mass among children by two techniquesimpedancemetry and deuterium oxide dilution (D2O).
Methods: This study was carried out in 156 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years. The children received interrogationspecifying lifestyle and food habits. Body composition was determined using the impedancemetry and D2O technique.
Results: The results showed a difference between the percentage of obese and overweight children according to BMIZ classification(30.1%), bioelectrical impedance method (14.7%) and D2O technique (42.9%). Despite the difference between the lasttwo classifications, we found a significant correlation between body fat percentages determined by impedancemetry and D2Otechnique (r = 0.695, p<0.01). Bioelectrical impedance analysis underestimated %BF by 78.02% in overall children, by 70.05%in boys and by 84.73% in girls compared to D2O technique.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the percentage of overweight and obesity varied according the methods used.Further development of body composition methods is needed in children for the real determination of the obesity prevalenceand therefore a better monitoring of this public health problem.
Keywords: BMI; body fat; deuterium isotopic dilution; impedancemetry; obesity.
Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis C infection among antenatal attendees in a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Oluwedolapo Shittu Ganiyu , Monday Abasiattai Aniekan , Jackson Umoiyoho Aniefiok , Abraham Onwuezobe Ifeanyi 
Published: October 2023

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection as it specifically relates to pregnancy has been a neglected condition, thus its recognitionand treatment in pregnancy is relevant because of the risks of the long-term complications of the infection in the mother,potential effects of the infection on the pregnancy and risk of vertical transmission to the newborn.
Objectives: To determine the proportion of pregnant women with serologic markers of hepatitis C infection, identify risk factorsas well as factors that predict the occurrence of the infection in them.
Methodology: Over a 3-week period, blood samples from 456 pregnant women were assessed for antibodies to hepatitis Cvirus, while a pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data and the presence of risk factors in the Universityof Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Results: The prevalence of HCV infection in pregnancy was 4.6%. No known risk factors for HCV infection in pregnancy wereidentified. Only increasing gestational age was a predictor of HCV infection in pregnancy in the study.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis virus infection among the study population was high. Second trimester and increasinggravidity were protective of the infection in pregnancy. There is therefore need for introduction of general routine screening ofall pregnant women presenting for antenatal care.
Keywords: Hepatitis C virus infection; pregnant women; Uyo; prevalence of hepatitis C.