bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Huang Jie , Chen Er-zhen , Qu Hong-ping , Mao En-qiang , Zhu Zheng-gang , Ni Yu-xing , Han Li-zhong , Tang Yao-qing 
Published: January 2024

Background
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) is an important and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen worldwide. This study was conducted to identify the sources of MDRAB and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods
We conducted a prospective active surveillance study of MDRAB in three ICUs at a Chinese Hospital from April to August 2011, to identify the sources of MDRAB and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia.

Results
One hundred and fourteen (13.0%) MDRAB isolates were detected from 876 specimens, with a sensitivity of 11.6% (55/474) in screening of the pharyngeal and tracheal swabs, and 14.7% (59/402) of the sputum/endotracheal aspirates. MDRAB colonization/infection was found in 34 (26.8%) of 127 patients, including 16 (12.6%) cases of pure colonization and 18 (14.2%) cases of pneumonia (two pre-ICU-acquired cases of pneumonia and 16 ICU-acquired cases of pneumonia). Previous respiratory tract MDRAB colonization was found in 22 (17.3%) patients: eight (6.3%) were pre-ICU-acquired colonization and 14 (11.0%) ICU-acquired colonization. Of eight pre-ICU-colonized patients, five were transferred from other wards or hospitals with hospitalization >72 hours, and three came from the community with no previous hospitalization. Overall, 6/22 colonized patients presented with secondary pneumonia; only two (9.1%) colonized MDRAB strains were associated with secondary infections. Respiratory tract MDRAB colonization had no significant relationship with nosocomial pneumonia (P=0.725). In addition, acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, renal failure, and prior carbapenem use were risk factors for MDRAB colonization/infection.

Conclusions
A high proportion of cases of MDRAB colonization/infection in ICU patients were detected through screening cultures. About one-third were acquired from general wards and the community before ICU admission. The low incidence of MDRAB colonization-related pneumonia questions the appropriateness of targeted antibiotic therapy.
Protective effect of melatonin on reexpansion pulmonary edema in rats model
Authors: ZHONG Ming , XUE Zhang-gang , CANG Jing , WU Wei , HUANG Jun-feng , ZHU Du-ming 
Published: January 2024

Background
Rapid reexpansion of collapsed lungs leads to reexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE). We aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin in the prevention of RPE formation.

Methods
We used a Wistar rat model in which the left lung was collapsed by ligating the left bronchus for 48 hours and then reexpanded and ventilated for an additional 2 hours. Thirty minutes before reexpansion, we injected melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally. We compared the wet/dry ratio, oxygenation index, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels in the reexpanded lungs between untreated and treated animals.

Results
We found that the wet/dry ratio of the melatonin group was significantly lower than that of the vehicle group, and the oxygenation index was higher in the melatonin group. Compared with the control, melatonin pretreatment significantly decreased the activities of IL-8, NO, MDA levels and MPO in lung tissues. Histopathology of reexpanded lungs showed that the melatonin pretreatment group had less pulmonary edema and less inflammatory cell infiltration.

Conclusion
Melatonin decreases pulmonary edema and improves oxygenation after reexpansion by attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus in Guangzhou area most possibly from the environmental infection showed variable susceptibility
Authors: Zhuo Feng-lin , Sun Zhao-gang , Li Chuan-you , Liu Zhi-hui , Cai Lin , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Jian-zhong 
Published: January 2024

Background

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) can cause a variety of human infections, involving the lung, skin and soft tissues, and is generally believed to be acquired from environmental sources. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of M. abscessus isolates as the basis for strategies to improve control and management of infection.

Methods
Seventy M. abscessus isolates from patients attending the Guangzhou Thoracic Hospital were identified from 2003 to 2005 by biochemical tests, gas chromatography, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction analysis (PRA) of heat shock protein gene hsp65, and sequencing of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA. Susceptibilities to six antibiotics were determined by micro-broth dilution. Isolates were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.

Results
Most isolates (63/70; 90%) were susceptible to amikacin but rates of susceptibility to other antibiotics varied from moderate, clarithromycin (60%) and imipenem (43%), to low for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (3%), and 87% of isolates had intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin. RAPD analysis showed that the 70 clinical isolates displayed 69 unique RAPD patterns.

Conclusions
The high genetic diversity of isolates suggests that they are not transmitted from person to person but, presumably, are acquired independently from environmental sources. M. abscessus isolates displayed variable levels of susceptibility to all antibiotics tested, other than amikacin, indicating a need for routine susceptibility testing to guide treatment.
In-hospital medical complications associated with patient dependency after acute ischemic stroke: data from the China National Stroke Registry
Authors: WANG Peng-lian , ZHAO Xing-quan , DU Wan-liang , WANG An-xin , JI Rui-jun , YANG Zhong-hua , WANG Chun-xue , LIU Li-ping , WANG Yi-long , JU Yi , WANG Yong-jun 
Published: January 2024

Background
The mortality of stroke patients is strongly affected by medical complications. However, there are limited data investigating the effect of in-hospital medical complications on the dependency of stroke patients worldwide. We prospectively and systematically investigated the effect of medical complications on dependency of patients at 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke using the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR).

Methods
This prospective cohort study collected data of patients age >18 years with acute ischemic stroke in 132 clinical centers distributed across 32 provinces and four municipalities (including Hong Kong region) of China, from September 2007 to August 2008. Data on medical complications, dependency and other information were obtained from paper-based registry forms. Medical complications associated with stroke outcomes were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression.

Results
Of 11 560 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 1826 (15.80%) presented with in-hospital medical complications. In-hospital medical complications were independent risk factors for dependency of patients at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.367, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.021-2.771), 6 months (adjusted OR 2.257, 95% CI 1.922-2.650), and 12 months (adjusted OR 1.820, 95% CI 1.538-2.154) after acute ischemic stroke.

Conclusion
The results demonstrated that the short-term and long-term dependency of acute ischemic stroke patients is significantly associated with in-hospital medical complications in China.
A retrospective and consecutive study of viscocanalostomy versus trabeculectomy for primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: CHEN Qin , YU Yan , SUN Hong , ZONG Yuan , YUAN Zhi-lan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Surgical interventions are the main treatment for primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between viscocanalostomy and mitomycin C (MMC)-trabeculectomy in patients with PCG.

Methods
A total number of 43 patients with PCG who underwent either viscocanalostomy (group 1) or MMC- trabeculectomy (group 2) between June 2003 and June 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' intraocular pressures (IOPs) were examined before surgery and on day 1, week 1, month 1, month 6, and month 12 post-operative. Mean horizontal corneal diameters, success rates, intra- and post-operative complications were compared between the two groups.

Results
Pre-operative IOPs were (31.96±3.90) mmHg in group 1 and (32.56±4.00) mmHg in group 2. At the last visit, IOPs were (16.78±2.20) mmHg and (15.77±2.60) mmHg, respectively (P <0.001); the complete success rates of group 1 and group 2 were 45.9% and 67.4%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.158). There were no major complications occurred in the two groups.

Conclusions
Both viscocanalostomy and trabeculectomy can lower IOP in PCG patients effectively. Although there was no major complications occurred in both groups, viscocanlostomy may decrease the probability of postoperative haemorrhage, hypotony, cataract, or choroid effusion.
Biological characteristics of human adipose-derived stem cells and their response to periostin in vitro
Authors: LI Ying , YANG Xin , NIE Fang-fei , ZHAO Xia , QIN Ze-lian , LI Jian-ning 
Published: January 2024

Background
Many studies on periostin have focused on its role in tumors and vascular reconstruction. However, the effect of periostin on stem cell function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to enhance vitality in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), the effect of periostin on the function of ADSCs was observed.

Methods
Human ADSCs (hADSCs) were isolated from human adipose tissue by collagenase I digestion and collected in multi-periods for in vitro culture. CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45 and CD105 were detected by flow cytometry. In addition, directed differentiation of hADSCs was induced using adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic induction mediums. The induced morphological changes were observed using oil red O, Alizarin red and alcian blue staining. Periostin was administered to hADSCs in an acidic environment. The treatments of cells were divided into three groups: a periostin group (P); an acidic control group (A); a normal group (N). Then the resulting cell proliferation and migration were detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and a transwell chamber assay, respectively.

Results
The detection rates of CD29, CD44, CD105, CD34 and CD45 were 98.89%, 93.73%, 86.99%, 0.19% and 0.16%. The specific staining of cells was positive after induction culture. The mean absorbance of the cells in group P and A at 12 hours were 16.67% and 22.22% greater than group N, respectively (P <0.01). The mean absorbance of cells from group P was 20.00% greater than that of group A at 48 hours (P <0.05). The mean number of migratory cells per visual field in group A was 50.38% lower than that in group N (P <0.05). The migratory cell number in group P was 119.98% greater than that in group A (P <0.05).

Conclusions
The acidic environment impacted hADSC proliferation and inhibited cell migration. However, periostin was able to promote the proliferation and migration of hADSCs despite the acidic environment.
Holmium laser versus conventional transurethral resection of the bladder tumor
Authors: TENG Jing-fei , WANG Kai , YIN Lei , QU Fa-jun , ZHANG Dong-xu , CUI Xin-gang , XU Dan-feng 
Published: January 2024

Background
Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) remains the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Laser techniques have been widely used in urology. This analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of holmium resection of the bladder tumor (HoLRBT) vs. TURBT.

Methods
A systemic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library as well as manual bibliography searches were performed to identify the relevant studies. The pooled estimates of operation time, obturator nerve reflex rate, bladder perforation rate, bladder irrigation rate, catheterization time, hospital stay, and one- and two-year recurrence free survivals were calculated.

Results
Five studies were enrolled into our meta-analysis. No significant difference was observed in the operation time between groups (weighted mean difference (WMD) 1.01, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) -3.52-5.54, P=0.66). The significant difference in the obturator nerve reflex (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, P=0.004), bladder perforation (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.61, P=0.009), bladder irrigation (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45, P=0.001), catheterization time (WMD -0.96, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.82, P <0.00001), and hospital stay (WMD -1.46, 95% CI -1.65 to -1.27, P <0.00001) showed advantages of HoLRBT over TURBT. The 2-year recurrence free survival rate favors the HoLRBT group (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.11, P=0.04).

Conclusions
As a promising technique, HoLRBT is safe and efficient, and showed several advantages over TURBT. HoLRBT can be used as an alternative procedure for TURBT in terms of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma or low-grade early TNM-stage urothelial carcinoma.
Effect of pomegranate peel polyphenol gel on cutaneous wound healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: YAN Huan , PENG Ke-jun , WANG Qiu-lin , GU Zheng-yi , LU Yao-qin , ZHAO Jun , XU Fang , LIU Yi-lun , TANG Ying , DENG Feng-mei , ZHOU Peng , JIN Jia-gui , WANG Xin-chun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Pomegranate (punica granatum) belongs to the family Punicaceae, and its peel has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine because of its efficacy in restraining intestine, promoting hemostasis, and killing parasites. Pomegranate peel has been reported to possess wound-healing properties which are mainly attributed to its polyphenol extracts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPP) gel on cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.

Methods
Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were given incisional wounds on each side of the mid-back and then treated daily with PPP gel (polyphenol mass fraction =30%) post-wounding. Rats were sacrificed on days 4, 7, 14, and 21 post-wounding to assess the rates of wound closure, histological characteristics; and to detect the contents of hydroxyproline, production of nitric oxide (NO), and activities of NO synthase (NOS), as well as the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in wound tissue.

Results
Wound closure was significantly shortened when PPP gel was applied to the wounds of diabetic rats. Histological examination showed the ability of PPP gel to increase fibroblast infiltration, collagen regeneration, vascularization, and epithelialization in the wound area of diabetic rats. In addition, PPP gel-treated diabetic rats showed increased contents of hydroxyproline, production of NO, and activities of NOS and increased expressions of TGF-β1, VEGF, and EGF in wound tissues.

Conclusion
PPP gel may be a beneficial method for treating wound disorders associated with diabetes.
Tracking in vivo migration and distribution of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining during cancer immunotherapy
Authors: XU Wei-li , LI Suo-lin , WEN Ming , WEN Jun-ye , HAN Jie , ZHANG Hong-zhen , GAO Fei , CAI Jian-hui 
Published: January 2024

Background
Killing of targeted tumors during adoptive cell transfer therapy is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) numbers, immunophenotype, tumor-specificity, and in vivo residence time, migration, and distribution. Therefore, tracing in vivo persistence, migration, and distribution of CTLs is important for cancer immunotherapy.

Methods
Optimal staining concentration for CTL proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and killing efficiencies of CTLs or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled melanoma antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CFSE-CTLs) for malignant melanoma cells in vitro were compared. Additionally, CFSE-CTLs were intravenously transfused to mice receiving B16 melanoma, and their residence time, migration, and distribution in vivo were observed by measuring fluorescence intensities of CFSE-CTLs per gram of tissue (%FI/g) in various tissues and analyzing tumor/non-tumor (T/NT) values. Anti-tumor effects of transferred CTLs and correlation between %FI/g and D-value of tumor size were analyzed.

Results
Five-micromolar CFSE was optimal for labeling CTLs with minimal cytotoxicity. No significant difference occurred between CTLs and CFSE-CTLs for tumor cell killing (P=0.849) or interleukin-2 (P=0.318) and interferon-γ (P=0.201) levels. Distribution of CTLs in vivo varied with time. A negative correlation between %FI/g in tumors and D-value of tumor sizes by Spearman correlation analysis was observed. CTLs were recruited to and killed tumors from 6 hours to 3 days after cell infusion. CTLs were observed up to three weeks later in the tumor, liver, kidneys, and spleen; this was related to the abundant blood supply or the nature of immune organs.

Conclusions
CCK-8 assay is a novel method to select optimal CFSE staining concentrations. Fluorescence intensity of transferred CTLs reflects their killing efficiency of tumors. CFSE fluorescent markers can trace in vivo CTL persistence, migration, and distribution because of its stability, long half-life, and low toxicity.
Clinical and radiographic predictors in diagnosing sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Li Xin-xu , Jiang Shi-wen , Zhang Hui , Jing Kuan-he , Wang Li , Li Wei-bin , Liu Xiao-qiu , Yao Hong-yan , Wang Li-xia 
Published: January 2024

Background
In county-level tuberculosis (TB) dispensaries in China, the accurate diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) needs to be improved by developing and validating clinical and radiographic predictors.

Methods
The study was conducted simultaneously in three counties per province in Chongqing Municipality and Liaoning Province in China between May 2005 and May 2006. A total of 432 new SNPT patients who are HIV-negative and more than 15 years old diagnosed by expert panels in county-level TB dispensaries were recruited. Their sputum samples were collected for culture before anti-TB treatment, and the treatment outcomes (changes of X-rays) were followed up at the end of the 6th month.

Results
Of the 432 SNPT patients, sputum culture positive (9.7%) or culture negative with good changes of X-rays at the end of the 6th month (73.6%) was validated as SNPT. Four predictive variables were associated with validated SNPT in the multivariate logistic regression model: age ≤55 years old (odds ratio (OR) 5.66; 95% CI 2.69-11.91), >60 days of cough (OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.10-12.65), ≥10% of pulmonary consolidation in the lungs (OR 5.40; 95% CI 2.90-10.06), and pulmonary consolidation in the upper lobe anterior segment (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.57-5.72). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.83).

Conclusion
Four predictors of clinical and radiological characteristics that had a good diagnostic performance of SNPT deserve to be recommended as index indicators of SNPT diagnosis in county-level TB dispensaries in China.
Role of polymorphisms of the IGF2 and IGFBP3 genes and risk of gastric carcinoma in China
Authors: Jun Gu , Maolan Li , Ping Dong , Jianhua Lu , Zhujun Tan , Xiangsong Wu , Jiasheng Mu , Lin Zhang , Wenguang Wu , Qichen Ding , Jiahua Yang , Yang Cao , Qian Ding , Hao Weng , Yingbin Liu 
Published: January 2024

Background
The insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway plays an important role in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of polymorphisms of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) genes, which encode key proteins of this pathway, as risk factors for gastric carcinoma (GC).

Methods
A case-control study including 404 histologically confirmed GC patients and 424 healthy controls of the same ethnicity was conducted to retrospectively investigate the genetic polymorphisms of two genes, IGF2+820A>G (rs680) and IGFBP3 A-202C (rs2854744). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Logistic regression.

Results
The IGF2 genetic variants examined contributed to GC risk individually (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.46). The genotype frequencies of IGFBP3 A-202C were not significantly different between the cancer cases and controls (P>0.05). Compared to the IGF2 AA genotype, carriers of one variant combined genotype were more pronounced among young subjects (<60 years), male subjects, never smokers, and those with a family history of cancer (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.09-1.72, P<0.05; OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.28-2.08, P<0.05; OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.11-1.98, P<0.05; OR=1.53, 95% CI=0.91-2.6, P<0.05; respectively). Moreover, when the combined effects of the risk genotypes were investigated, significant associations were detected between highrisk genotypes in IGF2 and IGFBP3 (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.75-3.49).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that polymorphic variants of the IGF2 genes modulate gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, when the IGF2 and IGFBP3 variants are evaluated together, a greater effect on GC risk is observed.
Exhaled hydrogen sulfide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its correlation with exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: SUN Yun , WANG Xin-mao , CHEN Ya-hong , ZHU Rui-xia , LIAO Cheng-cheng 
Published: January 2024

Background
Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a noninvasive biomarker of airway inflammation in pulmonary diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third member of the gasotransmitter family, is involved in the pathophysiological process in lung diseases. H2S also exists in exhaled breath and can be sampled non-invasively. The study investigated the level of exhaled H2S in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its correlation with exhaled NO.

Methods
Levels of exhaled NO and H2S, lung function, and cell differential counts in induced sputum were studied in 19 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), 19 patients with stable COPD and seven healthy smoke controls.

Results
Exhaled H2S levels were similar in patients with AECOPD (10.0 parts per billion (ppb), 8.0-13.0 ppb), stable COPD (10.0 ppb, 9.0-12.0 ppb), and healthy controls (9.0 ppb, 8.0-16.0 ppb) (P >0.05). Exhaled NO levels were similar in patients with AECOPD (155.0 ppb, 129.0-190.0 ppb), stable COPD (154.0 ppb, 133.0-175.0 ppb) and healthy controls (165.0 ppb, 112.0-188.0 ppb) (P >0.05). Exhaled H2S levels correlated positively with exhaled NO in all healthy controls and patients with COPD (r=0.467, P <0.01). No significant correlation was found between the exhaled H2S level and percentage of predicted FEV1 (P >0.05) and proportion of different cell types in induced sputum (P >0.05).

Conclusions
There is a correlation between exhaled H2S and exhaled NO. The role of exhaled H2S in airway inflammation in COPD still needs further investigation.