bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Preclinical Model of Obesity-Independent Metabolic Syndrome for Studying the Effects of Novel Antidiabetic Therapy Beyond Glycemic Control
Authors: Mochel Jonathan P , Ward Jessica L. , Blondel Thomas , Kundu Debosmita , Merodio Maria M. , Zemirline Claudine , Guillot Emilie , Giebelhaus Ryland T. , Mata Paulina de la , Iennarella-Servantez Chelsea A. , Blong April , Nam Seo Lin , Harynuk James J. , Suchodolski Jan , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José Joaquín , Bourgois-Mochel Agnes , Zannad Faiez , Sattar Naveed , Allenspach Karin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accumulating data from several large, placebo-controlled studies suggests that sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1) receptor agonists offer therapeutic benefits in the management of cardiovascular diseases, regardless of the patient's diabetic status. In addition to their effects on glucose excretion, SGLT2-inhibitors have a positive impact on systemic metabolism by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, shifting metabolism towards ketone body production, and suppressing glycation end-product signaling. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive preclinical model of metabolic syndrome (MetS) to investigate the effects of novel antidiabetic therapies beyond glucose reduction, independent of obesity.
Eighteen healthy adult Beagle dogs were fed isocalorically a Western diet (WD) adjusted from parameters of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for ten weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BAS1) when dogs were fed their regular diet, and then again after ten weeks of WD feeding (BAS2) for measurement of blood count and serum chemistry, lipoprotein profiling, fasting blood glucose, glucagon, insulin, NT-proBNP, BUN, creatinine, angiotensins and oxidative stress biomarkers. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at BAS1 and BAS2 using Doppler. Serum, urine and fecal metabolomics were derived by mass spectrometry to assess general metabolism, complex lipids and biogenic amines. Differences between BAS1 and BAS2 were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank testing with continuity correction, as appropriate.
Body weight changes did not exceed 13% after ten weeks of feeding with the WD. The isocaloric WD model induced significant variations in several markers of MetS, including (1) elevated BP, (2) increased fasting glucose levels, and (3) reduced HDL-cholesterol. It also triggered a significant decrease in circulating insulin, as well as an increase in circulating NT-proBNP levels and a decrease in serum bicarbonate levels. Marked and significant changes in overall metabolism, lipids, and biogenic amines were finally reported at BAS2.
Short-term, isocaloric feeding with a WD in dogs replicates key biological features of MetS, while also causing low-grade metabolic acidosis and elevating natriuretic peptides. These findings support the use of the WD canine model for studying the metabolic effects of new antidiabetic therapies independent of obesity.
Legal aspects, responsibilities and possibilities of providing emergency medical care by a district pediatrician at the patient’s home
Authors: Sakhno L. V. , Dubovaia E. G. , Koltuntceva I. V. , Emeljanova A. V. , Makarova E. Yu.. 
Published: November 2023

The authors raise an issue of job responsibilities of a district paediatrician in case of a home visit, as well as of the standards for packing first-aid kits and emergency medical care kits. The provisions of the applicable legal acts are provided. The proceedings of international conventions on primary medical care for children, current federal clinical guidelines, paediatric medical care standards and procedures, orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were analysed. We paid attention to the experience of foreign countries, as well as the regions of the Russian Federation in providing emergency medical care to the paediatric population. A survey among local paediatricians was conducted: 30 district paediatricians (10 persons from each of three children’s outpatient departments in different districts of St. Petersburg) answered questions on the algorithm for activities during home visit if emergency care was required. The results of the survey and analysis of the applicable legal acts showed that the district paediatrician is responsible for the life and health of his/her patients. However, there is no single standard regulating the responsibilities to provide emergency care to the child by the district pediatrician during home visit, and the volume of this care has not been established. Urgent conditions require immediate medical care right when they are detected by a paediatrician on call, until an ambulance team arrives. In conclusion, the authors determined that the creation of unified algorithms for emergency medical care to be provided by a paediatrician on call encompasses a number of medical, ethical and legal aspects. The development of this document is certainly a necessity and requires a balanced, judicious approach.
Features of combined mucoactive therapy for bronchopulmonary diseases in children in outpatient practice
Authors: Melnikova I. M. , Mizernitskiy Yu. L. 
Published: November 2023

In 2022, ARVI rates among the paediatric population were 72281.8 per 100,000, which is 6.2% higher than such rates in 2021 (68062.5 per 100,000; p < 0.05). Estimated influenza rates among the paediatric population were 165.8 per 100,000, which is 2.9 times higher than this rate in 2021. Impaired mucociliary clearance makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. Slowing of mucociliary clearance that results from chronic mucus hyperproduction leads to airway obstruction and infection, which acts as a cause of aggravation of the disease. There’s no question, the choice of a drug that can affect the secretory function of the mucous membrane or the bronchial mucous itself and its evacuation requires an individual approach to each patient. The article presents a detailed review of modern literature, as well as the authors’ own experience about cough therapy methods, including those used in broncho-obstructive syndrome. At the same time, the use of combination drugs that have a simultaneous effect on various pathogenetic mechanisms of respiratory diseases are justified more than ever before. Due to synergistic interactions of its components, the modern combination therapy, including a fixed-dose combination of salbutamol, bromhexine, guaifenesin (Bromhekomb), contributes to the productive treatment of acute bronchopulmonary diseases and exacerbations of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases accompanied by cough, mucostasis and events of mild bronchial obstruction, as well as ensures high compliance, including due to consideration of the syrup dosage form, which is especially important in outpatient paediatric practice
Prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children with chronic exudative otitis media in the postoperative period
Authors: Kuznetsova N. Е. , Veshkurtseva I. M. , Kuznetsova T. B. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Chronic otitis media vis effusion (COME) is a disease characterized by the presence of exudate in the cavities of the middle ear and hearing loss. Predisposing factors to the development of COME can be recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.Aim. To study the effectiveness of the drug Sinupret® in children who have undergone surgical treatment for COMEMaterials and methods. A clinical study was conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of TMU and GBUZ TO OKB No. 2 in 2020–2021. This study involved 30 children (15 boys and 15 girls) with HESO. The mean age of all patients was 6.33 ± 0.31 years. In the 1st group of children, consisting of 15 people (10 boys and 5 girls), Sinupret® was prescribed in the postoperative period, in the 2nd group of children, consisting of 15 people (5 boys and 10 girls), Sinupret® was not prescribed. Diagnosis of chronic POE was carried out on the basis of clinical and instrumental examination and integral indices of peripheral blood. Conservative treatment consisted of topical decongestant therapy and rifamycin 2.6% ear drops for a week. The observation period included 12 months.Results. ARVI episodes during the year in group I were observed in 20%, in group II in 60% of children, the average duration of the disease in group I was 5 ± 0.71 days, in group II 7.8 ± 0.42 days (p = 0.01), stable hearing recovery in children of the 1st group was recorded in 100%. POE recurrence in children of group II was registered in 27% (4 people), which required repeated shunting to restore hearing.Conclusions. Prophylactic use of the drug Sinupret® in children who have undergone surgical treatment for chronic OME allows you to achieve a stable restoration of hearing and contributes to complete recovery.
Modern adapted infant formulas: problem status and prospects for solving
Authors: Dmitriev A. V. , Gudkov R. A. , Petrova V. I. , Fedina N. V. , Zaplatnikov A. L. 
Published: November 2023

According to the World Health Organization report, in 2019 47 million children under 5 were wasted, of which 14.3 million were severely wasted. In most cases, the main reason for nutritional deficiencies in the world is a child’s diet low in calories, dietary protein deficiency and inferiority, as well as inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals. The article presents a modern literature review devoted to the main problems in creating adapted formulas for infants who are deprived of the opportunity of getting breastfeeding. Among the most pressing problems are: difficulties in bringing the total protein concentration in the formula to the breast milk level while keeping an adequate amino acid profile, the high risk of animal milk protein allergies in infants, unfulfilled hopes for the preventive effect of partially hydrolysed formulas in relation to the development of allergic diseases, as well as the high prevalence of functional gastrointestinal diseases in children who are formula-fed. At the same time, it was emphasized that the use of goat’s milk as a protein base for basic infant formulas may in the future help solve some of the above problems. The protein component of goat’s milk compares favourably with cow’s milk, and the amino acid composition helps reduce protein concentration in the finished formula enriched with whey fraction to the recommended level. The article stresses that there is a need to continue studies on the effectiveness and safety of adapted goat’s milk formulas in infants to give definite answers to the questions posed.
Abdominal pain syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: features of selection of therapy
Authors: Pakhomova I. G. 
Published: November 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an important social problem, since it is often diagnosed in people of young working age, significantly affects the quality of life of patients and causes economic damage to society. IBS is a chronic functional bowel disease, the main manifestation of which is pain combined with changes in bowel movements, frequency and character of stool. The mechanism of formation of abdominal pain syndrome is due to a disruption in the interaction along the brain-gut axis, which leads to changes in the regulation of intestinal motor function and the development of visceral hypersensitivity (VH). Abdominal pain as a manifestation of IBS is primarily associated with spasm of intestinal smooth muscles. The first-line drugs for pain relief are antispasmodics, which reduce the tone and contractility of intestinal smooth muscles, effectively coping with abdominal pain. The domestic pharmaceutical market is represented by different groups of muscle relaxants, among which calcium channel blockers are of particular relevance for patients with IBS. Representative of the latter is the drug Otilonium bromide, which is widely used throughout the world, is effective and safe, well tolerated and superior to placebo in reducing symptoms and preventing relapse of pain in patients with IBS. The effectiveness of otilonium bromide is due to a triple mechanism of action: blockade of calcium channels (relief of spasm), antagonism of tachykinone NK2 receptors (effect on HHV) and inhibition of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors (M3-ChR) (reduction of intestinal secretion). This article presents a short review of the literature on the causes and mechanism of development of pain in IBS, as well as the possibilities of its relief, primarily with the use of smooth muscle relaxants, namely otilonium bromide.
Modulation of microbiota as a target in the management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Livzan M. A. , Gaus O. V. 
Published: November 2023

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common diseases of the digestive tract. IBS negatively affects the quality of life and work ability of patients. It is generally accepted that IBS is an important medical and social problem associated with high financial costs both on the part of the patient and the public health system. The pathophysiology of the disease involves the participation of many factors (genetic, dietary, psychosocial, infectious) and the mechanisms of their implementation, including disruption of interaction along the functional “gut-brain axis”, visceral hypersensitivity, changes in motility, low-grade inflammation, increased permeability of the epithelial intestinal barrier, modulation of microbiota, changes in neurohumoral regulation and processes of central processing of peripheral stimuli. Research shows an important role for gut microbiota in the development of IBS. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota through diet, the use of pre- and probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation is considered as a promising target for disease therapy. A reduction in the number of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium is described as a universal change in the microbiota in IBS, regardless of the clinical course and severity of the disease and the possibility of using different strains of Bifidobacterium in treatment regimens for the disease is of particular interest. This article provides a review of the literature on modern approaches to prescribing probiotics for IBS. Using our own clinical observations as an example, we demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of prolonged administration of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 35624® for up to 12 weeks.
Paracetamol and ibuprofen in the treatment of pain and fever in children: modern views on the choice of a drug
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Berezhnaya I. V. , Pupykina V. V. , Gostyukhina A. D. , Dubovets N. F. 
Published: November 2023

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen are commonly used to relieve fever and pain in children. Their effects are similar, but differ in strength and mechanisms of action on the body. Acetaminophen, a para-aminophenol derivative, has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Despite the fact that paracetamol has been officially used as a drug for more than 75 years, its mechanism of biological action has not been sufficiently studied. In paediatric practice, paracetamol is more often used as an antipyretic, but in recent years, with the development of technology and emergence of new dosage forms on the market, it came into common use as an analgesic in many diseases, including oncological, rheumatological, etc. Ibuprofen is the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with pronounced analgesic and antipyretic properties. Ibuprofen, a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), affects the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In the paediatric population, the most common indications for the use of ibuprofen are fever, sore throat, ear pain, headache and toothache, post-traumatic and musculoskeletal pain, and inflammatory joint diseases. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are safe for use in paediatric practice, if dosing rules are observed, and are approved for use by the World Health Organization, FDA and other expert organizations. In addition, the emergence of new presentation forms of these drugs is most important in paediatrics.
Relación de la comprensión lectora en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de Tecnología Superior
Authors: Canchica Karelys , Flores Georgina 
Published: November 2023

El rendimiento académico es relevante, estudiado por investigadores para conocer los aspectos relacionados con los resultados en los jóvenes universitarios, por lo que la investigación se enfocó en evaluar la relación entre los resultados del Test Comprensión Lectora y el rendimiento de los estudiantes del primer periodo 2021-2022 de una Institución de Educación Superior (IES). La metodología incluyó la revisión y análisis bibliográfico; la fundamentación teórica estuvo orientada por los aportes de Gadamer y Ausubel, así como, la categorización de textos para comprensión lectora. Se aplica una entrevista elaborando un instrumento ad hoc en un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas para expertos, donde expresan que no existe correlación entre las variables de estudio; la comprensión lectora debe adaptarse a tipos de textos alineados al perfil de cada carrera. Se analizan los datos del SPSS realizando la prueba de normalidad. No existió relación entre rendimiento académico y comprensión lectora (P) La correlación es significativa en el nivel 0,01 (bilateral) N 40 40. La correlación es significativa en el nivel 001 bilateral. N 40 40. La correlación es significativa en el nivel 001 bilateral. Como conclusión se obtiene que cada carrera debe desarrollar habilidades de comprensión lectora de acuerdo con los perfiles de desempeño, sean cognitivos, procedimentales, actitudinales tomando en cuenta los indicadores obtenidos en los tipos de texto.
Miriam Jerade y Rosaura Martínez Ruiz (comps.), Pensar tras Derrida
Authors: Grecco Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Reseña de libro: Pensar tras Derrida de Miriam Jerade y Rosaura Martínez Ruiz (comps.), Akal (Colección Akadémica), Ciudad de México, 2022, 328 pp.
Job Protection — It is Good to be an Insider
Authors: Gebauer Markus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study develops a search and matching model for labour markets with temporary and permanent contracts. It matches empirical patterns of higher matching rates and lower surplus for temporary workers and predicts an increase in separation taxes leads to a fall in the number of new permanent jobs, an increase in their wages, and stable separation rates because temporary workers shield permanent workers from adverse shocks. We find empirical support using a regional French policy experiment, the “Contrat de Transition Professionelle”, which increased separation taxes for recently hired permanent workers in firms with fewer than 1,000 workers.
Wood Residue of Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril) and Short Fiber of Malva in Composites
Authors: Da Costa Deibson Silva , Banna Wassim Raja El , Fujiyama Roberto Tetsuo 
Published: November 2023

Theoretical reference: The composites are formed by combining two or more materials, enabling improvements in properties and a variety of applications. These materials are highlighted by presenting low cost and enabling environmentally friendly alternatives.

Method: Quantitative study, In this work, composites of polyester matrix reinforced by mauve fibers, jatoba wood residues and hybrid mauve/residue system, were analyzed mechanically and microstructurally. The fabrication of the composites began with the cut of the mauve fibers in the lengths of 5, 10 and 15 mm. In the manufacture of the specimens, terephthalic polyester resin was used with incorporation of fibers and residue. The specimens were produced in silicone molds, for the tensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Results and conclusion: From the results obtained in the tensile test, it is observed that the resistance of the composites with mauve fibers of 15 mm (25,09 MPa) and hybrids in the proportions of 75% fiber/25% residue (26,06 MPa). In the microstructural characterization, the composites analyzed presented factors that contributed to the improvement and reduction of performance in the results of tensile strength.

Implications of the research: It presents important and overwhelming results on composite materials with wood waste and mallow fibers, providing an alternative for inserting waste and fibers into materials with good properties and low cost.

Originality/value: The compounds stand out for their simple and viable manufacturing method, in addition to superior results in relation to proven properties. Given the need to search for new materials with good properties and with minimal impacts on the environment.
دور إدارة الموارد البشرية الرقمية في تحقيق التحول الرقمي دراسة إستطلاعية لآراء عينة من القيادات الإدارية والأكاديمية في جامعة دهوك
Authors: Hussein Ali Blani Zaid , Qasim Hussein Sinan 
Published: November 2023

يًعد مجال التعليم من أهم المجالات التي تُبنى عليها الأمم والمجتمعات وتتطور من خلالها الدول والحضارات، وفي ظل التطورات التكنولوجية وظهور الوسائل والأجهزة والتقنيات الحديثة، تأثرت بها جميع المجالات وجوانب الحياة واخترقت هذه التطورات قلب منظومة المجتمع، إذ أثرت هذه التغيرات والتطورات على الجامعات بشكل عام؛ لكون الجامعة تُعتبر البنية التحتية والركيزة التي تستند عليها المجالات الأخرى، فلابد لها من تبني التطورات الحديثة قبل الجميع، ومن هذه النقلات التكنولوجية هو التحول الرقمي واستخدام الوسائل والأجهزة الرقمية والتي أجبرت الجامعات الخاصة والعامة سواء إلى إحداث تغييرات وتعديلات في مهارات وقدرات مواردها البشرية وكذلك الهياكل والتقنيات والإجراءات التي تقوم بها بالشكل الذي ينسجم مع التطورات السريعة والتكيف مع بيئة العمل المتقلبة والمتغيرة بشكل سريع، ومن المعلوم بأن تطبيق التحول الرقمي يحتاج إلى موارد بشرية مؤهلة وذات خبرة كافية للقيام بتلك العمليات والإشراف عليها والتحول من إستخدام الطرق والأساليب التقليدية إلى الإجراءات الرقمية الحديثة، لذلك تحتاج الجامعة إلى إدارة مواردها البشرية بشكل رقمي لمواكبة تلك التطورات،
ويهدف البحث الحالي إلى إستطلاع آراء عينة من القيادات الإدارية والأكاديمية في جامعة دهوك وكلياتها ومن خلال عينة بلغت (73) فرداً تجاه متغيرات البحث عن طريق إستمارة الإستبيان والتي تم تحليل بياناتها باعتماد (الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الإجتماعية – SPSS/V26). وأسفرت نتائج البحث عن أن إدارة الموارد البشرية الرقمية والتحول الرقمي يتم تطبيقها بدرجة متوسطة في الجامعة المبحوثة ولكن دون مستويات الطموح في ظل الطفرة التكنولوجية والتطورات السريعة الحاصلة في جميع المجالات، إذ أنه كلما زاد اعتماد الجامعة المبحوثة والكليات التابعة لها على إدارة الموارد البشرية الرقمية، فإنها ستكون قادرة على تحقيق التحول الرقمي بمستويات عالية. كما وقدم البحث عدداً من المقترحات منها قيام الجامعة المبحوثة بتوفير برامج تدريبية وورش عمل وندوات للقيادات التي تمتلكها بهدف توضيح أهمية إدارة الموارد البشرية الرقمية والفوائد التي ستجنيها الجامعة عند القيام بتطبيق هذا النهج والعمل على برامج وخطط تساعدها في توفير متطلبات التحول الرقمي والإعتماد عليها بشكل أكبر.
Éléments pour une intégration de la dimension de genre dans l’archéologie classique : contrer les androcentrismes et les anachronismes
Authors: Algrain Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

L’introduction du genre dans les différentes disciplines des études classiques s’est faite à des rythmes différents. Si l’histoire des femmes et du genre a très rapidement pris son essor à partir des années 1960, l’archéologie s’est révélée plus lente à intégrer cette notion issue des sciences sociales et des women’s studies. Pour ce faire, les chercheuses – puisque ce sont en majorité des femmes – qui ont abordé la thématique du genre et des rapports sociaux de sexe dans les sociétés antiques ont dû faire face à plusieurs obstacles épistémologiques au nombre desquels figurent l’androcentrisme et l’anachronisme. Dans cet article, nous aborderons brièvement l’histoire de l’intégration du genre dans les études classiques, en particulier en archéologie, avant d’approfondir le fonctionnement de ces deux mécanismes que sont l’androcentrisme et l’anachronisme.