bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does spouse's parental housing support affect one's happiness: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Zhongwu , Lu Fengzhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study empirically investigates the relationship between spouse's parental housing support and one's happiness.MethodsLeveraging three waves of data from the Chinese General Social Survey, this study employs a methodological approach that encompasses the utilization of an ordinal logit model, ordinary least squares regression, selection on observables to measure selection on unobservables, and Lewbel's instrumental variable method.ResultsWe find that spouse's parental housing support has an asymmetric association with one's happiness within family: wife's parental housing support is not associated with her husband's happiness, while husband's parental housing support is positively associated with his wife's happiness. This positive association is notably pronounced among women from rural backgrounds and younger women residing in urban areas.ConclusionOur findings contradict the assertion that women have achieved economic and psychological independence from men and men's families. It elucidates that women continue to rely on the conventional patriarchal system for enhanced welfare. Specifically, women, particularly those residing in rural areas, and younger urban cohorts continue to anticipate their spouses' parental housing support in contemporary China.
Expression of human thrombomodulin by GalTKO.hCD46 pigs modulates coagulation cascade activation by endothelial cells and during ex vivo lung perfusion with human blood
Authors: Burdorf Lars , Gao Zhuo , Riner Andrea , Sievert Evelyn , Harris Donald G. , Kuravi Kasinath V. , Morrill Benson H. , Habibabady Zahra , Rybak Elana , Dahi Siamak , Zhang Tianshu , Schwartz Evan , Kang Elizabeth , Cheng Xiangfei , Esmon Charles T. , Phelps Carol J. , Ayares David L. , III Richard N. Pierson , Azimzadeh Agnes M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThrombomodulin is important for the production of activated protein C (APC), a molecule with significant regulatory roles in coagulation and inflammation. To address known molecular incompatibilities between pig thrombomodulin and human thrombin that affect the conversion of protein C into APC, GalTKO.hCD46 pigs have been genetically modified to express human thrombomodulin (hTBM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of transgenic hTBM expression on the coagulation dysregulation that is observed in association with lung xenograft injury in an established lung perfusion model, with and without additional blockade of nonphysiologic interactions between pig vWF and human GPIb axis. Expression of hTBM was variable between pigs at the transcriptional and protein level. hTBM increased the activation of human protein C and inhibited thrombosis in an in vitro flow perfusion assay, confirming that the expressed protein was functional. Decreased platelet activation was observed during ex vivo perfusion of GalTKO.hCD46 lungs expressing hTBM and, in conjunction with transgenic hTBM, blockade of the platelet GPIb receptor further inhibited platelets and increased survival time. Altogether, our data indicate that expression of transgenic hTBM partially addresses coagulation pathway dysregulation associated with pig lung xenograft injury and, in combination with vWF‐GP1b‐directed strategies, is a promising approach to improve the outcomes of lung xenotransplantation.
Sensor-Based Planning and Control for Conformal Deposition on a Deformable Surface Using an Articulated Industrial Robot
Authors: Yang Yang , Cai Ying , Jung Yoon Yeo , Zhao Hangbo , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Robotic manipulators can be used to deposit materials on non-planar surfaces. Conventional sensor-based industrial robots can only work on stationary surfaces, relying on the scanned data prior to printing. As a result, performing depositions that involve changes in plane motion presents significant challenges. The deposition of conformal materials on a time-varying deformable surface requires the manipulators to update coordinates in real time on the plane for positioning and orientation. This can be achieved by employing multiple sensors for manipulator motion planning and control, in order to prevent collisions between the tool and the surface. In this paper, we propose simple tool center point calibration, initial point coordinate estimation, and a gap compensation scheme to combine real-time feedback control and direct conformal deposition. Combining these elements allows us to maintain a controlled gap between the tooltip and the deformable surface during the deposition. We test the efficacy of the proposed approach by printing a single layer of ink patterns with approximately 950 μm line width on a deformable surface. We also characterize the printing quality with different gaps and printing steps and show that sensor-based control is critical in smooth printing. Finally, the effects of changing the relative position of the tooltip, different surface colors, and laser sensor position are characterized.
Automated Evaluation and Rating of Product Repairability Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches
Authors: Liao Hao-Yu , Esmaeilian Behzad , Behdad Sara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Despite the importance of product repairability, current methods for assessing and grading repairability are limited, which hampers the efforts of designers, remanufacturers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and repair shops. To improve the efficiency of assessing product repairability, this study introduces two artificial intelligence (AI) based approaches. The first approach is a supervised learning framework that utilizes object detection on product teardown images to measure repairability. Transfer learning is employed with machine learning architectures such as ConvNeXt, GoogLeNet, ResNet50, and VGG16 to evaluate repairability scores. The second approach is an unsupervised learning framework that combines feature extraction and cluster learning to identify product design features and group devices with similar designs. It utilizes an oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF feature extractor (ORB) along with k-means clustering to extract features from teardown images and categorize products with similar designs. To demonstrate the application of these assessment approaches, smartphones are used as a case study. The results highlight the potential of artificial intelligence in developing an automated system for assessing and rating product repairability.
Assessing the Manufacturability of Students’ Early-Stage Designs Based on Previous Experience With Traditional Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Pearl Seth , Meisel Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As additive manufacturing (AM) usage increases, designers who wish to maximize AM’s potential must reconsider the traditional manufacturing (TM) axioms they may be more familiar with. While research has previously investigated the potential influences that can affect the designs produced in concept generation, little research has been done explicitly targeting the manufacturability of early-stage concepts and how previous experience and the presenting of priming content in manufacturing affect these concepts. The research in this paper addresses this gap in knowledge, specifically targeting differences in concept generation due to designer experience and presenting design for traditional manufacturing (DFTM) and design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) axioms. To understand how designers approach design creation early in the design process and investigate potential influential factors, participants in this study were asked to complete a design challenge centered on concept generation. Before this design challenge, a randomized subset of these participants received priming content on DFTM and DFAM considerations. These participants’ final designs were evaluated for both traditional manufacturability and additive manufacturability and compared against the final designs produced by participants who did not receive the priming content. Results show that students with low manufacturing experience levels create designs that are more naturally suited for TM. Additionally, as designers’ manufacturing experience levels increase, there is an increase in the number of designs more naturally suited for AM. This correlates with a higher self-reported use of DFAM axioms in the evaluation of these designs. These results suggest that students with high manufacturing experience levels rely on their previous experience when it comes to creating a design for either manufacturing process. Lastly, while the manufacturing priming content significantly influenced the traditional manufacturability of the designs, the priming content did not increase the number of self-reported design for manufacturing (DFM) axioms in the designs.
Development and Dynamic State Estimation for Robotic Knee–Ankle Orthosis With Shape Memory Alloy Actuators
Authors: Sun Zhi , Li Yuan , Zi Bin , Chen Bing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The development of rehabilitation robots has long been an issue of increasing interest in a wide range of fields. An important aspect of the ongoing research field is applying flexible components to rehabilitation equipment to enhance human−machine interaction. Another major challenge is to accurately estimate the individual’s intention to achieve safe operation and efficient training. In this article, a robotic knee−ankle orthosis (KAO) with shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators is developed, and the estimation method is proposed to determine the joint torque. First, based on the analysis of human lower limb structure and walking patterns, the mechanical design of the KAO that can achieve various rehabilitation training modes is detailed. Next, the dynamic model of the hybrid-driven KAO is established using the thermodynamic constitutive equation and Lagrange formalism. In addition, the joint torque estimation is realized by the nonlinear Kalman filter method. Finally, the prototype and human subject experiments are conducted, and the experimental results demonstrate that the KAO can assist lower limb movements. In the three experimental scenarios, reductions of 59.1%, 16.5%, and 73% of the torque estimation error during the knee joint movement are observed, respectively.
An Experimental Investigation of Sweeping Air/Mist Jet Film Cooling Through a Row of Passive Fluidic Oscillators
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Ramy , Wang Ting 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sweeping jet fluidic oscillators can be a promising candidate in film cooling applications since they have a large lateral jet spreading with more uniform cooling which can be considered an advantage when compared to the regular steady jet film cooling. Sweeping jet fluidic oscillators are passive and can generate a sweeping movement without the need for any moving parts. In addition, they can be more conveniently manufactured by additive manufacturing techniques. This paper presents an experimental study of employing two-phase (air/mist) flow through a row of passive fluidic oscillators in film cooling applications for gas turbine aerofoil cooling. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential enhancement of film cooling by using sweeping jets injected with water mist. Three blowing ratios (BR = 0.85, 1.46, 2.40) and two mist ratios (MR = 2.75% and 6.92%) are used (i.e., a total of nine cases including the air-only cases). Infrared thermography and E-type thermocouples were used to measure the wall temperature, while a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure the droplets’ size distributions. The initial mean droplet size is 11.6μm. An interesting observation was found where thin water liquid streaks were formed at the exit of the fluidic oscillators and traveled for very long distances (about 140D) providing excellent local film cooling under the laboratory low heating condition. The forming of liquid streaks is due to the significant droplets coalescence phenomenon caused by large oscillating vortical flows inside the fluidic oscillator. Adding small mist ratios provided better cooling effectiveness with an overall time-averaged cooling enhancement of 15–90% and a maximum local cooling enhancement of 300–350% in all the cases studied. The sweeping jet provided better film cooling effectiveness at the centerline and spanwise direction (87% and 76%, respectively) when compared to steady jets under the laboratory conditions with low temperatures and low pressure.
Development of Innovative Low NOx Hydrogen-Fueled Burner for Aeronautic Applications
Authors: Ruan Jiangheng L. , Vincent-Randonnier Axel , Pilla Guillaume , Irimiea Cornelia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Large eddy simulations (LES) were performed to develop an innovative hydrogen-fueled burner for aeronautic applications. Hydrogen is a much cleaner fuel than classic jet fuels (hydrocarbons) since its combustion with air only produces water without any carbon compounds (soot particles, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide). Nevertheless, at high temperatures (i.e. over about 1800 K), nitrogen and oxygen in the air combine to produce nitrogen oxides (NOx). Low-NOx combustion then implies to achieve lean premixed conditions. Unfortunately, due to the high laminar flame speed and very lean limit of extinction of H2-air flames, hydrogen combustion is prone to flashback, thus implying to design fast mixing injectors. Lean Direct Injection (LDI) and Micromix concepts have been proposed to boost the mixing between hydrogen and air. LDI relies on rapid and uniform mixing to get a lean premixed H2-air mixture before combustion occurs, whereas Micromix concept divides the burner into several small elementary burners. In the current paper, we present the results of numerical simulations performed with an original design of a swirled injector designed to achieve stable H2-air combustion in lean-premixed conditions. However, the sole premixed injection is insufficient to stabilize combustion from idle to take-off conditions. To fix this issue, a pilot injection of fuel (i.e. generating a non-premixed flame) has been added to sustain combustion in a wide range of operating conditions. The flame produced with this burner has been investigated numerically for three operating conditions of a turboshaft engine: takeoff, cruise and idle conditions. Simulations were carried out with a 9 species and 21 steps chemical mechanism for H2-air, which was then modified to take into account the NOx formation using the Zeldovich model. Comparisons between simulations using Quasi-Laminar Model (QLM) and Thickened Flame Model (TFM) were performed. Both models lead to stable combustion for any flight conditions, with NOx emissions at about a hundred times lower than the measured level with an engine of equivalent thrust operated with kerosene Jet A-1. Finally, experiments were achieved on a semi-industrial scale test rig operated at the same conditions than CFD simulations. Thanks to the combustor optical accesses and the gas sampling probe inside the chamber, images of the flame and NOx measurements could be obtained, showing a satisfactory agreement with simulations.
Probabilistic CFD Analysis of a High-Pressure Compressor Under Consideration of Manufacturing and In-Service Variability
Authors: Schlüter Lukas , Voigt Matthias , Schmidt Robin , Becker Bernd , Mailach Ronald 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The impact of geometric variability of compressor airfoils due to manufacturing scatter and operational effects on the aerodynamic performance is a well-addressed topic in the research field of turbomachinery. Thereby, the airfoils’ leading edge (LE) shapes are highly connected to their aerodynamic behavior, affecting the boundary layer development and potential shock systems. The impact of such real geometry effects can be evaluated utilizing probabilistic methods. In previous probabilistic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, the LEs are usually modeled as semi-circles or semi-ellipses, whereas their noticeable deviation from such simplified shapes is given comparatively little attention.
To overcome this shortfall a Monte Carlo simulation based probabilistic CFD analysis of a 10.5 stage high-pressure compressor is conducted under consideration of variable rotor geometries. These are described by a parametric model accounting for the airfoils’ general- and the LE shapes’ specific geometric variability. A database with more than 1000 optically measured blades is utilized for deriving median models (MMs) and the statistical distributions of the deviation from these MMs. Additionally, the assessment of the parameterization quality is based on these measurements. The CFD results are post-processed using the coefficient of importance, which allows the identification of important probabilistic input parameters and prominent rotors. The probabilistic results highlight the significance of the LE shapes’ variability. Furthermore, the impact of the sample size on the probabilistic results as well as the importance of characteristic differences within the underlying MMs are discussed.
Evaluation of Inlet Conditions of an AFT Mounted BLI Design in a Sub-Scale Test Rig
Authors: Rasimarzabadi Faezeh , Martensson Hans , Clark Catherine , Neuteboom Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A unique sub-scale rig for studying boundary layer ingestion (BLI) propulsion has been developed by National Research Council of Canada (NRC). The rig is capable of varying the operating pressure levels and Mach numbers independently. It consists of a boundary layer generator to simulate boundary layer development over an aircraft fuselage. The boundary layer thickness upstream of the fan blades is controlled independent of other parameters using air injected through a perforated plate. The purpose is to demonstrate the advantages of BLI in reducing the power required for a given thrust and to evaluate varying inlet conditions on BLI fan performance. This paper provides details on set-up and procedure for testing an aft-mounted, distortion-tolerant fan tested at a number of different operating conditions. The results shows how the fan speed can affect the boundary layer thickness at the nacelle inlet. Different strategies for probe traversing are evaluated to find suitable procedures for obtaining valid data. Considering that there are 24 vanes, the 36° intervals give a better representation of the average compared to 45° intervals, since the clocking relative to the stator wakes significantly affects the total pressure. The traversing has to be done individually in order to avoid that the downstream probes data be affected by the upstream probes. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data and show reasonably good agreement.
JoeRot - Rotor Dynamics Toolbox Based on Complex Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Niş Hüseyin Tarık , Yıldız Ahmet , Kılıçaslan Alican 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The demand for high-speed and high-precision lightweight rotors increases with the need for high-performance industrial machines. To manufacture such precision rotors, engineers are pushed to perform more detailed design analyses using the science of rotor dynamics. However, commercial rotor dynamics software that performs these analyses has high prices. In addition, the closed source code prevents the researcher from developing subroutines to work with their test data. These limitations in commercial software prevent researchers from solving unique rotor dynamics problems. For this reason, researchers around the world have been developing their rotor dynamics software based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). In this study, an in-house-developed & open-source rotor dynamics toolbox named JoeRot is developed based on the Complex Transfer Matrix Method (CTMM). The proposed toolbox can perform analyses faster than the FEM and allows modeling and solving unique rotor dynamics problem such as unbalance response. Various analyses such as plotting the Campbell diagram, finding natural frequencies, determining mode shapes, determining the system frequency response due to unbalance, instability threshold analysis, and plotting a critical velocity map can be carried out on the designed toolbox. To investigate the accuracy of the JoeRot toolbox, a comparison is made between the analytical method and the finite element method. As a result of this comparison, it is observed that natural frequencies and deflection frequency response values were obtained under a 0.46% error rate and 22.75 times faster than other compared methods.
Strategies for High-Accuracy Measurements of Stage Efficiency for a Cooled Turbine
Authors: Rozman Maria , Berdanier Reid A. , Barringer Michael D. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gas turbines are used in a broad range of aerospace and land-based applications from power generation to aviation, and their usage is projected to continue to grow. As a result, it is critical to find innovative solutions for improving turbine efficiency to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Successful demonstration of new efficiency-increasing technologies at rig or engine scale requires efficiency measurement techniques that are both accurate and repeatable. The Steady Thermal Aero Research Turbine (START) Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University is utilizing a unique 360° traversing system for temperature and pressure probes with redundant torque measurements to quantify thermal efficiency for a single-stage cooled test turbine. The purpose of this study is to determine a measurement method that produces highly accurate and repeatable efficiency calculations. With these systems, flows in the full annulus have been analyzed and compared with subsector traverse segments centered at different circumferential positions to determine the appropriate sector size. The results from this investigation indicate that the full 360° measurement is recommended to minimize variation in calculated stage efficiencies. This study also compares the circumferential variations in thermodynamic and mechanical efficiency calculation methods, finding that the thermodynamic efficiency calculation results in a higher accuracy for full exit plane measurements. In parallel, a statistical analysis was performed to determine the number of required repeats for the full 360° traverse necessary to achieve a desired precision uncertainty that is half of the bias uncertainty. Ultimately, this study establishes guidelines to streamline experimental procedures by limiting the necessary test count per operating condition to 10 measurements. Following these procedures establishes a bias of εb = 0.18 points, and limits the precision uncertainty to at most εp = 0.09 points, resulting in a total uncertainty of at most εt = 0.20 points.