bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Leininger's Theory of Transcultural Nursing into Practice
Authors: Nemec R. , Carmicheal C. 
Published: December 2004

The purpose of the poster was to demonstrate how Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing is utilized daily within the multicultural pediatric population at the hospital for sick children.Methods:  Within this diverse and challenging population, the hemodialysis nurse is constantly challenged to ensure that the nursing care provided to the patient is reflective and meeting the needs of our pediatric population and their families. Leininger's theory of transcultural nursing has provided an avenue to ensure that the many cultures of our clients are maintained and respected. A case study will be used to show the integration of Leininger's theory. Resources for supporting the cultural values of the hemodialysis patient will also be identified.Conclusion:  The use of a transcultural nursing model enhances the quality and effectiveness of the patient care provider for the pediatric hemodialysis patient at the hospital for sick children. Utilization of a transcultural nursing model ensures that the patients and their families are respected and supported for their diverse backgrounds by the hemodialysis nurse. The hemodialysis nurses are providing quality nursing care which reflects the needs and concerns of a multicultural population.
Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasonography in Measuring Radial Artery Wall Thickness in Hemodialysis Patients: Comparison with Histologic Examination
Authors: Kim Y.o. , Kim J.i. , Ku Y.m. , Choi Y.j. , Song H.c. , Jin D.c. , Kim S.y. , Choi E.j. , Chang Y.s. , Bang B.k. 
Published: December 2004

Increased radial artery wall thickness (RAWT) is considered to be associated with early failure of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as well as coronary artery atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, exact measurement of RAWT by noninvasive method before the operation is very important.Objective:  This study was designed to evaluate accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography in measuring RAWT in hemodialysis patients.Methods:  This study enrolled 21 hemodialysis patients undergoing radiocephalic AVF operation for the first time. We measured RAWT (intima‐media thickness) using high‐resolution Doppler ultrasonography at the wrist before the AVF operation. We obtained specimens of the radial artery during the AVF operation and then measured RAWT by histologic examination.Results:  Mean age of the patients was 60 ± 13 years and the number of females was 7 (33.3%). Mean values of RAWT measured by Doppler ultrasonography and histologic examination were 485 ± 93 μm (300–700 μm) and 426 ± 106 μm (300–700 μm), respectively. The value of RAWT of Doppler sonographic measurement well correlated with that of histologic measurement (r = 0.800, p < 0.001).Conclusion:  Our data suggest that Doppler ultrasonography is an effective tool in measuring RAWT in hemodialysis patients before AVF operation.
Why Do So Many Patients Have a Dialysis Catheter and Not Arteriovenous Fistulae or Grafts?
Authors: Troidle L. , Eisen T. , Finkelstein F.o. 
Published: December 2004

The Dialysis Outcome and Quality Initiative has guidelines for vascular access and states that the dialysis catheter (DC) should be limited to less than 20% of the end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Our center has found this target difficult to achieve.Objective:  We wondered what the reasons for use of a DC might be.Methods:  We noted the number of patients with a DC in place and assessed the reasons why the DC was being used on 8/1/03.Results:  73 of the 170 (42.9%) patients had a DC on 8/1/03. 24 (32.9%) of the patients refused to have initial arteriovenous fistulae or grafts (AVF/G) or a secondary AVF/G revision or replacement procedure performed after initial AVF/G failure. 15 (20.5%) patients had a maturing AVF/G, 12 (16.4%) had significant medical and/or surgical contraindications for AVF/G placement, 9 (12.3%) patients were awaiting surgical thrombectomy, revision or placement of AVF/G, 6 patients (8.2%) were awaiting transfer to CPD therapy, 4 (5.5%) patients were undecided about having an AVF/G placed, and 1 (1.4%) had acute renal failure and early ESRD recovery was expected. Only 2 (2.7%) patients had no access plan by the nephrology team.Conclusions:  Patients' refusal for an AVF/G placement and patients with a maturing AVF/G or awaiting surgical revision or placement were the most common reasons for the use of a DC in our center. To significantly impact on the high use of the DC, it would be crucial to better understand the reasons for patients’ refusals.
Role of Genetic Factors in Vascular Access Thrombosis in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Özdemir F.N. , Atac F.B. , Akçay A. , Ozbek N. , Haberal M. 
Published: December 2004

Vascular access thrombosis is a frequent complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Genetic mutations, inflammation, and changes in the vascular wall are some factors that are thought to increase thrombosis risk. In this study, we tested for possible relationships between vascular thrombosis and some known thrombophilic mutation/polymorphisms in coagulation factors [factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin (Pt) G20210A, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T), factor XIII (F‐XIII) Val34Leu, alpha‐fibrinogen (AF) Thr312Ala, factor VII (F‐VII) R353Q] and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene in our HD patients. Patients who had experienced at least 3 episodes of AVF thrombosis composed of the study group, and patients who had never encountered this complication composed of the control group. None of the patients in either group had a history of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, dialysis‐related amyloidosis, or vasculitis. In order to find the frequency of F‐XIII Val34Leu, AF Thr312Ala, and F‐VII R353Q polymorphisms in our population, we also searched persons without renal disease or history of thrombosis (normal group). Results are summarized in Table. There was a tendency toward thrombotic mutation/polymorphisms in the study group for FVL, Pt G20210A, ACE I/D, and AF Thr312Ala. We suggest that patients who develop recurrent AVF thrombosis should be screened for the above‐mentioned factors and investigated for other possible risk factors. This screening would allow more effective focus on prophylaxis.

Genetic mutation/ polymorphism
Study group
Normal group
Control group

FVL/heterozygous
13 (n = 46)
7 (n = 81)
24.5 (n = 44)

Pt G20210A/  heterozygous
8.7 (n = 46)
2.7 (n = 182)
20 (n = 44)

MTHFR C677T/  heterozygous
0 (n = 44)
28.8 (n = 66)
22.3 (n = 44)

ACE I/DD/D
44.5 (n = 44)
28.8 (n = 138)
26.2 (n = 29)

I/D
36.3 (n = 44)
47.2 (n = 138)
23.1 (n = 29)

I/I
18.2 (n = 44)
15.4 (n = 138)
27 (n = 29)

F‐XIII/  Val34LeuVal/Val
44.8 (n = 29)
71.5 (n = 112)
52 (n = 25)

Val/Leu
51.8 (n = 29)
27.6 (n = 112)
48 (n = 25)

Leu/Leu
3.4 (n = 29)
0.9 (n = 112)
0 (n = 25)

AF Thr312AlaAla/Thr
83 (n = 24)
58 (n = 119)
83.3 (n = 30)

Thr/Thr
12.5 (n = 24)
32.6 (n = 119)
10 (n = 30)

Ala/Ala
4.5 (n = 24)
8.4 (n = 119)
6.7 (n = 30)

F‐VII R353QR/R
39 (n = 18)
74.5 (n = 98)
31.8 (n = 22)

R/Q
34 (n = 18)
23.5 (n = 98)
68.2 (n = 22)

Q/Q
27 (n = 18)
2 (n = 98)
0 (n = 22)

Values are percentages and numbers in parenthesis represent the number of patients/persons studied.
Kinetic Analysis of Daily Hemofiltration
Authors: Yamashita A.C. , Kawanishi H. 
Published: December 2004

Daily hemofiltration (D‐HF) is a new treatment modality that shows unique solute removal characteristics and possibly provides high quality of life for patients with end‐stage renal disease.Objective:  To evaluate solute‐removal characteristics of D‐HF by kinetic modeling analysis.Methods:  Five HD patients with normal 4 h × 3 times/week were switched to D‐HF (2 h × 6 times/week). Ultrafiltration rates (QF) or small solute clearances were approximately 100 mL/min. All the necessary kinetic parameters were determined from patients' physical data and HD portion of the clinical measurements. The two‐compartment kinetic model predicted the concentration changes after switching from normal HD to D‐HF.Results:  Concentrations of small solutes such as urea–nitrogen (UN) increased, whereas that of β2‐microglobulin (β2‐MG) decreased after switching from normal HD to D‐HF (Figure 1). Predicted solute concentrations for UN as well as β2‐MG correlated well with the clinical results. The model predicted that QF = 140 mL/min may be required for time‐averaged concentration (TAC) of UN to be unchanged. The model also predicted that the 7‐times/week D‐HF may not increase the TAC of UN very much even after switching from normal HD to D‐HF.Conclusion:  D‐HF is suitable for removing larger solutes but may not be good enough for removing small solutes. A 7‐day treatment (7 times/week) may greatly improve the solute removal capacity of the so‐called daily treatment (6 times/week) not only for larger solutes but also for small solutes.
SARS
Authors: Ignacio C. , Jayoma M. 
Published: December 2004

In March 2003, a series of cases of sudden respiratory disease syndrome (SARS) has been reported to be spreading in Toronto. With limited knowledge of the causative agent, an immediate strategy that would help contain and prevent the dissemination of the disease especially among our immunosuppressed hemodialysis patients was required.Objective:  To share the precautionary measures implemented in our unit in containing or preventing the spread of the virus among our hemodialysis patients.Methods:  Retrospective analysis of the impact of the implementation of strict measure of disease control and education of all staff. Other data were gathered through interviews of some Microbiologists in Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital Infection Control Department and Health, Canada.Result:  The precautionary measure implemented has been successful. None of our dialysis patients or health care workers were affected.Conclusion:  The measures implemented has not been proven 100% effective in protecting our dialysis patients and our staff, but we hope that the data will help prepare other health care professionals and other dialysis institutions in the event of another outbreak.
Annual Q10 of soil respiration reflects plant phenological patterns as well as temperature sensitivity
Authors: Curiel yuste J. , Janssens I. A. , Carrara A. , Ceulemans R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (SR) is often estimated from the seasonal changes in the flux relative to those in soil temperature, and subsequently used in models to interpolate or predict soil fluxes. However, temperature sensitivities derived from seasonal changes in SR (from here on denoted seasonal Q10) may not solely reflect the temperature sensitivity of SR, because seasonal changes in SR can also be affected by other seasonally fluctuating conditions and processes. In this manuscript, we present a case study of how the seasonal Q10 of SR can be decoupled from the temperature sensitivity of SR. In a mixed temperate forest, we measured SR under vegetations with different leaf strategies: pure evergreen, pure deciduous, and mixed. Seasonal Q10 was much higher under deciduous than under evergreen canopies. However, at a shorter time scale, both vegetation types exhibited very similar Q10 values, indicating that the large differences in seasonal Q10 do not represent differences in the temperature sensitivity of the soil metabolism. The seasonal Q10 depends strongly on the amplitude of the seasonal changes in SR (SRs), which, under the particular climatic and edaphic conditions of our forest study site, were significantly larger in deciduous forest. In turn, SRs was positively correlated with the seasonal changes in leaf area index (LAIs), a measure of the deciduousness of the vegetation. Thus, in this temperate maritime forest, seasonal Q10 of SR was strongly influenced by the deciduousness of the vegetation. We conclude that the large differences in seasonal Q10 were not entirely due to different temperature sensitivities, but also to different seasonal patterns of plant activity in the evergreen and deciduous plants of this site. Some coniferous forests may be more seasonal than the one we studied, and the deciduous–evergreen differences observed here may not be broadly applicable, but this case study demonstrates that variation of plant phenological process can significantly contribute to the seasonality of SR, and, hence, calculated Q10 values. Where this occurs, the seasonal Q10 value for SR does not accurately represent temperature sensitivity. Because the strong seasonal correlation between SR and temperature does not necessarily imply a causal relationship, Q10 values derived form annual patterns of SR should be used with caution when predicting future responses of SR to climatic change.
The potential to mitigate global warming with no‐tillage management is only realized when practised in the long term
Authors: Six Johan , Ogle Stephen M. , Jay breidt F. , Conant Rich T. , Mosier Arvin R. , Paustian Keith 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNo‐tillage (NT) management has been promoted as a practice capable of offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of its ability to sequester carbon in soils. However, true mitigation is only possible if the overall impact of NT adoption reduces the net global warming potential (GWP) determined by fluxes of the three major biogenic GHGs (i.e. CO2, N2O, and CH4). We compiled all available data of soil‐derived GHG emission comparisons between conventional tilled (CT) and NT systems for humid and dry temperate climates. Newly converted NT systems increase GWP relative to CT practices, in both humid and dry climate regimes, and longer‐term adoption (>10 years) only significantly reduces GWP in humid climates. Mean cumulative GWP over a 20‐year period is also reduced under continuous NT in dry areas, but with a high degree of uncertainty. Emissions of N2O drive much of the trend in net GWP, suggesting improved nitrogen management is essential to realize the full benefit from carbon storage in the soil for purposes of global warming mitigation. Our results indicate a strong time dependency in the GHG mitigation potential of NT agriculture, demonstrating that GHG mitigation by adoption of NT is much more variable and complex than previously considered, and policy plans to reduce global warming through this land management practice need further scrutiny to ensure success.
An increase in the abundance of anchovies and sardines in the north‐western North Sea since 1995
Authors: Beare Doug , Burns Finlay , Jones Emma , Peach Kevin , Portilla Enrique , Greig Tony , McKenzie Eddie , Reid Dave 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTrawl data from Scottish research vessels dating from January 1925 show that catches of the warm water pelagic species, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus), increased suddenly after 1995. Most were observed in the first quarter of each year, with 1998 and 2003 having the largest numbers, although few data are available for the last quarter. The authors believe that these long‐term changes are related to rising sea temperatures although the exact causal mechanism is not clear.
Does nitrogen deposition affect soil microfungal diversity and soil N and P dynamics in a high Arctic ecosystem?
Authors: Robinson Clare H. , Saunders Philip W. , Madan Nanette J. , Janie Pryce‐Miller E. , Pentecost Allan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn a high Arctic polar semidesert ecosystem (ambient N deposition c. 0.1 g N m−2 a−1), the effects of N enrichment on the diversity of soil microfungi and on N content and availability in organic and mineral soils were determined. Three N (total: 0, 0.5, 5 g N m−2 a−1) and two P (total 0, 1 g m−2 a−1) treatments were applied, since P may limit response to N in this ecosystem. Organic and mineral soils were sampled in June and August in the second year of treatment for microfungi, pH, moisture content, and total N and P. In the third year, soils were resampled for extractable and total N and P. The fungi isolated were typical of high pH soils in the High Arctic and Antarctic. The species richness and diversity of soil microfungi were very low, with ranges as follows: Shannon diversity, 0.56–1.5; richness, 2–6; evenness, 0.79–0.9. There was no significant effect of treatment on the frequency of occurrence of different taxa of soil microfungi. Time of sampling also had no significant impact on fungal assemblages, although different, more diverse communities were isolated from organic, rather than mineral, soils. Nitrate‐N in organic soil decreased significantly when P was added alone, but not when P and N were added together. Addition of 0.5 g N m−2 a−1, a rate deposition already occurring in Greenland and Iceland, appeared to exceed N demand even when P limitation was relieved. There was no apparent soil acidification as a result of the N treatments.
Carbon balance of different aged Scots pine forests in Southern Finland
Authors: Kolari Pasi , Pumpanen Jukka , Rannik Üllar , Ilvesniemi Hannu , Hari Pertti , Berninger Frank 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe estimated annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of a chronosequence of four Scots pine stands in southern Finland during years 2000–2002 using eddy covariance (EC). Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was estimated using growth measurements and modelled mass losses of woody debris. The stands were 4, 12, 40 and 75 years old. The 4‐year‐old clearcut was a source of carbon throughout the year combining a low gross primary productivity (GPP) with a total ecosystem respiration (TER) similar to the forest stands. The annual NEE of the clearcut, measured by EC, was 386 g C m−2. Tree growth was negligible and the estimated NEP was −262 g C m−2 a−1. The annual GPPs at the other sites were close to each other (928−1072 g C m−2 a−1), but TER differed markedly, being greatest at the 12‐year‐old site (905 g C m−2 a−1) and smallest in the 75‐year‐old stand (616 g C m−2 a−1). Measurements of soil CO2 efflux showed that different rates of soil respiration largely explained the differences in TER. The NEE and NEP of the 12‐year‐old stand were close to zero. The forested stands were sinks of carbon. They had similar annual patterns of carbon exchange and half‐hourly eddy fluxes were highly correlated, indicating similar responses to the environment. The NEE in the 40‐year‐old stand varied between −179 and –192 g C m−2 a−1, while NEP was between 214 and 242 g C m−2 a−1. The annual NEE of the 75‐year‐old stand was 323 g C m−2 and NEP was 252 g C m−2. This indicates that there was no reduction in carbon sink strength with stand age.
Analysis of photodermatoses seen in a predominantly Asian population at a photodermatology clinic in Singapore
Authors: Wong S. N. , Khoo L. S. W. 
Published: December 2004

Background: The idiopathic photodermatoses have been reported to be rarer in tropical Singapore than in countries of higher latitude, with photoaggravated dermatoses and systemic phototoxicity making up most of the photodermatoses seen here. This study aims to reassess the spectrum of photodermatoses seen at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, compared with almost a decade ago, and analyse the clinical and photobiological characteristics, as compared with other countries.Materials and methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 141 patients phototested from January 2000 to December 2001, and analysed the epidemiological, clinical and photobiological features.Results: Photosensitive dermatoses were diagnosed in 88% (124/141) of patients phototested. In those diagnosed with photodermatoses, polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) (28%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by photoaggravated dermatoses (26%), chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) (15%), systemic phototoxicity (15%), solar urticaria (SU) (7%), actinic prurigo (AP) (5%) and photoallergic contact dermatitis (4%). Ethnic Indians appeared to be more predisposed to PMLE; AP was diagnosed only in ethnic Chinese. The other photodermatoses occurred proportionally in all racial groups. AP differed from that found in Caucasians, being of adult onset and persistent. Abnormal phototest results were obtained in all patients with CAD, SU and AP, but only in 56% and 49% of systemic phototoxicity and PMLE, respectively.Conclusion: Idiopathic photodermatoses are more commonly diagnosed in Singapore than a decade ago, while the incidence of systemic phototoxicity has remained stable. The spectrumof photodermatoses in our Asian population now approximates that seen in Caucasian cohorts.
Control of lymphocyte shape and the chemotactic response by the GTP exchange factor Vav
Authors: Vicente-Manzanares Miguel , Cruz-Adalia Aranzazu , Martín-Cófreces Noa B. , Cabrero José R. , Dosil Mercedes , Alvarado-Sánchez Brenda , Bustelo Xosé R. , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRho GTPases control many facets of cell polarity and migration; namely, the reorganization of the cellular cytoskeleton to extracellular stimuli. Rho GTPases are activated by GTP exchange factors (GEFs), which induce guanosine diphosphate (GDP) release and the stabilization of the nucleotide-free state. Thus, the role of GEFs in the regulation of the cellular response to extracellular cues during cell migration is a critical step of this process. In this report, we have analyzed the activation and subcellular localization of the hematopoietic GEF Vav in human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with the chemokine stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1α). We show a robust activation of Vav and its redistribution to motility-associated subcellular structures, and we provide biochemical evidence of the recruitment of Vav to the membrane of SDF-1α–activated human lymphocytes, where it transiently interacts with the SDF-1α receptor CXCR4. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of Vav abolished lymphocyte polarization, actin polymerization, and migration. SDF-1α–mediated cell polarization and migration also were impaired by overexpression of an active, oncogenic Vav, although the mechanism appears to be different. Together, our data postulate a pivotal role for Vav in the transmission of the migratory signal through the chemokine receptor CXCR4.
Suppression of apoptosis by bcl-2 overexpression in lymphoid cells of transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Langenau David M. , Jette Cicely , Berghmans Stephane , Palomero Teresa , Kanki John P. , Kutok Jeffery L. , Look A. Thomas 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe zebrafish is an attractive vertebrate model for genetic studies of development, apoptosis, and cancer. Here we describe a transgenic zebrafish line in which T- and B-lymphoid cells express a fusion transgene that encodes the zebrafish bcl-2 protein fused to the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Targeting EGFP-bcl-2 to the developing thymocytes of transgenic fish resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in thymocyte numbers and a 1.8-fold increase in GFP-labeled B cells in the kidney marrow. Fluorescent microscopic analysis of living rag2-EGFP-bcl-2 transgenic fish showed that their thymocytes were resistant to irradiation- and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis, when compared with control rag2-GFP transgenic zebrafish. To test the ability of bcl-2 to block irradiation-induced apoptosis in malignant cells, we compared the responsiveness of Myc-induced leukemias with and without EGFP-bcl-2 expression in living transgenic zebrafish. T-cell leukemias induced by the rag2-EGFP-Myc transgene were ablated by irradiation, whereas leukemias in double transgenic fish expressing both Myc and EGFP-bcl-2 were resistant to irradiation-induced apoptotic cell death. The forward genetic capacity of the zebrafish model system and the ability to monitor GFP-positive thymocytes in vivo make this an ideal transgenic line for modifier screens designed to identify genetic mutations or small molecules that modify bcl-2-mediated antiapoptotic pathways. (Blood. 2005;105:3278-3285)