bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population
Authors: Carvalho L. H. , D'Avila G. B. , Leão A. , Haffajee A. D. , Socransky S. S. , Feres M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective: The current investigation evaluated the clinical effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) alone or in combination with systemic metronidazole and/or repeated professional removal of supragingival plaque in subjects with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Fourty‐four adult subjects (mean age: 45±6 years) with periodontitis were randomly assigned to four treatment groups; a control (C, n=10) that received SRP and placebo and three test groups treated as follows: Test 1 (T1) (n=12) received SRP and metronidazole (400 mg t.i.d., M) for 10 days; Test 2 (T2) (n=12) received SRP, weekly professional supragingival plaque removal for three months (professional cleaning (PC)) and placebo; and Test 3 (T3) (n=10) received SRP, M and PC. Pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and presence of visible plaque and suppuration were measured at six sites per tooth at baseline and at 90 days post‐therapy. Significance of differences over time was determined using the Wilcoxon test, and among groups using ancova.Results: A reduction in full‐mouth mean clinical parameters was observed at 90 days after all therapies. Sites with baseline PD<4 mm showed an increase in mean PD in the control group and in mean AL in all treatment groups. Sites with baseline PD of 4–6 mm in subjects who received PC as part of therapy (T2, T3) showed a marked reduction in PD, AL and in the % of sites with BOP. Subjects who received metronidazole (T1 and T3) showed the best clinical response at sites with an initial PD of >6 mm. The major clinical benefit occurred when the combination of SRP, M and PC was used. Group T3 showed the least attachment loss in initially shallow pockets. This group also exhibited the greatest reduction in the % of sites with BOP and suppuration as well as in mean PD and AL at sites with baseline PD>4 mm.Conclusion: The data suggest a significant clinical benefit in combining SRP, systemic metronidazole and weekly professional supragingival plaque removal for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction based on single copy gene sequence for detection of periodontal pathogens
Authors: Morillo Juan Manuel , Lau Laura , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David , Martín Conchita , Silva Augusto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective: To develop a method for quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythensis (Tf) from subgingival plaque samples based on TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.Material and Methods: Bacterial cells from these species were obtained after culturing reference strains and were counted microscopically. Cellular suspensions in Tris‐EDTA buffer were used for DNA extraction after boiling for 20 min. Primers for PCR were selected from sequences of the LktC (Aa), Arg‐gingipain (Pg) and BspA antigen (Tf) genes in order to yield amplicons below 100 bp. TaqMan‐based real‐time PCR was adjusted to quantify each species separately. Cycle threshold (CT) values were calculated for each species according to the initial number of copies. A reliability analysis was carried out using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) with a two‐way random effects model.Results: A high sensitivity and specificity was obtained for the detection of the three bacterial species. The TaqMan real‐time PCR technology yielded a good repeatability in the obtained cycle threshold (CT) values for each initial number of copies, demonstrating coefficients of variation below 5% for each bacteria. The reproducibility of the technique was also demonstrated by the high ICCs (>0.98; p<0.00001) obtained for each bacteria with and without the addition of subgingival plaque.Conclusion: A novel diagnostic method based on TaqMan real‐time PCR was developed for the quantification of Aa, Pg and Tf. It has demonstrated good sensitivity and repeatability on pure cultures. Its diagnostic utility should be demonstrated in subgingival plaque samples.
Methods of detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis in periodontal microbiology, with special emphasis on advanced molecular techniques: a review
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Lau Laura , Herrera David , Morillo Juan Manuel , Silva Augusto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackground: Certain specific bacterial species from the subgingival biofilm have demonstrated aetiological relevance in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Among all the bacteria studied, three have shown the highest association with destructive periodontal diseases: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythensis (Tf). Therefore, the relevance of having accurate microbiological diagnostic techniques for their identification and quantification is clearly justified.Aim: To evaluate critically all scientific information on the currently available microbial diagnostic techniques aimed for the identification and quantification of Aa, Pg and Tf.Summary: Bacterial culturing has been the reference diagnostic technique for many years and, in fact, most of our current knowledge on periodontal microbiology derives from cultural data. However, the advent of new microbial diagnostics, mostly based on immune and molecular technologies, has not only highlighted some of the shortcomings of cultural techniques but has also allowed their introduction as easy and available adjunct diagnostic tools to be used in clinical research and practice. These technologies, mostly polymerase chain reaction (PCR), represent a field of continuous development; however, we still lack the ideal diagnostic to study the subgingival microflora. Qualitative PCR is still hampered by the limited information provided. Quantitative PCR is still in development; however, the promising early results reported are still hampered by the high cost and the equipment necessary for the processing.Conclusion: Quantitative PCR technology may have a major role in the near future as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in both epidemiological and clinical studies in periodontology. However, culture techniques still hold some inherent capabilities, which makes this diagnostic tool the current reference standard in periodontal microbiology.
Alterations of gene expression in human neutrophils induced by smoking cessation
Authors: Morozumi Toshiya , Kubota Takehiko , Sugita Noriko , Itagaki Manami , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of smoking cessation on the peripheral neutrophil mRNA expression levels for inflammatory cytokines, chemokine, growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).Material and Methods: Sixteen male smokers (aged 22–39 [25.3±4.0] years), with no clinical signs of periodontal and systemic diseases, were recruited. The experiment was performed before (baseline) and at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after smoking cessation. The status of smoking and smoking cessation was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and serum cotinine concentration. Neutrophils were isolated from each subjects' peripheral blood, then the cell was stimulated with N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP). The mRNA expression levels for interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MMP‐8 were analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reactions. The same experiment was performed on 11 non‐smoking controls (four female and seven male), aged 23–27 (24.4±1.2) years.Results: Eleven of 16 smokers successfully completed smoking cessation for 8 weeks. At 1 day after smoking cessation, there was a statistically significantly lower CO concentration than at baseline (p<0.01). Also, cotinine concentration markedly decreased at the second measurement, which was taken at 1 week. All of the analyzed mRNA expression levels of neutrophils from smokers were statistically significantly lower than that in non‐smokers (p<0.01: IL‐1β, IL‐8, VEGF; p<0.05: TNF‐α, MMP‐8). The MMP‐8 mRNA levels were statistically significantly increased at 8 weeks after smoking cessation compared with the baseline (p<0.05). Although the other mRNA expression levels were also elevated gradually from the baseline, they did not reach the statistically significant levels at 8 weeks after smoking cessation.Conclusion: The results showed that the neutrophil transcript levels in smokers were generally lower than those in non‐smokers, which could be related to an impairment of neutrophils by smoking effects. The significant increase of MMP‐8 mRNA levels were associated with the effects of smoking cessation, while recovery of the other mRNA levels seemed to require a bit longer period beyond 8 weeks after smoking cessation.
Dental nomograms for benchmarking based on the study of health in Pomerania data set
Authors: Schwahn C. , Meisel P. , Biffar R. , König J. , John U. , Kocher T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim: Benchmarking is a means of setting goals or targets. On an oral health level, it denotes retaining more teeth and/or improving the quality of life. The goal of this pilot investigation was to assess whether the data generated by a population‐based study (SHIP 0) can be used as a benchmark data set to characterize different practice profiles.Material and Methods: The data collected in the population‐based study SHIP (n=4310) in eastern Germany were used to generate nomograms of tooth loss, attachment loss, and probing depth. The nomograms included twelve 5‐year age strata (20–79 years) presented as quartiles, and additional percentiles of the dental parameters for each age group. Cross‐sectional data from a conventional dental office (n=186) and from a periodontology unit (n=130, Greifswald) in the study region as well as longitudinal data set of a another periodontology unit (n=135, Kiel) were utilized in order to verify whether the given practice profile was accurately reflected by the nomogram.Results: In terms of tooth loss, the data from the conventional dental office agree with the median from the nomogram. For attachment loss and probing depth, some age groups yielded slight but not uniform deviations from the median. Cross‐sectional data from the periodontology unit Greifswald showed attachment loss higher than the median in younger but not in older age groups. The probing depth was uniformly less than the median and tended toward the 25th percentile with increasing age. The longitudinal data of the Unit of Periodontology in Kiel showed a pronounced trend towards higher percentiles of residual teeth, meaning that the patients retained more teeth.Conclusion: The profile of the Pomeranian dental office does not deviate noticeably from the population‐based nomograms. The higher attachment loss of the Unit of Periodontology in Greifswald in younger age strata clearly reflects their selection because of periodontal disease; the combination of higher attachment loss and decreased probing depth may reflect the success of the treatment. The tendency of attachment loss towards the median with increasing age may indicate that the Unit of Periodontology in Greifswald does not fulfill its function as a special care unit in the older subjects. The longitudinal data set of the Unit of Periodontology in Kiel impressively reflects the potential of population‐based data sets as a means for benchmarking. Thus, nomograms can help to determine the practice profile, potentially yielding benefits for the dentist, health insurance company, or – as in the case of the special care unit – public health research.
ON PARALLEL PREFIX COMPUTATION
Authors: SAXENA SANJEEV , BHATT P.C.P. , PRASAD V.C. 
Published: November 2004

We prove that prefix sums of n integers of at most b bits can be found on a COMMON CRCW PRAM in [Formula: see text] time with a linear time-processor product. The algorithm is optimally fast, for any polynomial number of processors. In particular, if [Formula: see text] the time taken is [Formula: see text]. This is a generalisation of previous result. The previous [Formula: see text] time algorithm was valid only for O(log n)-bit numbers. Application of this algorithm to r-way parallel merge sort algorithm is also considered. We also consider a more realistic PRAM variant, in which the word size, m, may be smaller than b (m≥log n). On this model, prefix sums can be found in [Formula: see text] optimal time.
KINK FINDING IN THE ALEPH TPC USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: STIMPFL-ABELE GEORG 
Published: November 2004

The task of finding the decays of charged tracks inside a tracking device is divided into two parts. First a neural net is used to recognize kinks in well-reconstructed tracks. If a kink has been found, a second net determines the radial position of the decay vertex. Both algorithms use feed-forward nets with error back-propagation. Very good performance is obtained in comparison with conventional methods using simulated data from the ALEPH TPC. The behavior of the nets is analyzed by studying the correlations between the inputs and the output.
FUSED POTTS MODELS
Authors: KOO W.M. , SALEUR H. 
Published: November 2004

Generalizing the mapping between the Potts model with nearest neighbor interaction and the six-vertex model, we build a family of “fused Potts models” related to the spin k/2 U q su (2) invariant vertex model and quantum spin chain. These Potts models still have variables taking values 1, …,Q[Formula: see text] but they have a set of complicated multispin interactions. The general technique to compute these interactions, the resulting lattice geometry, symmetries, and the detailed examples of k=2, 3 are given. For Q>4, spontaneous magnetizations are computed on the integrable first order phase transition line, generalizing Baxter’s results for k=1. For Q≤4, we discuss the full phase diagram of the spin 1 (k=2) anisotropic and U q su (2) invariant quantum spin chain [it reduces in the limit Q=4 (q=1) to the much studied phase diagram of the isotropic spin 1 quantum spin chain], Several critical lines and massless phases are exhibited. The appropriate generalization of the valence bond state method of Affleck et al. is worked out.
AB-INITIO CALCULATION OF CORRELATION EFFECTS IN METALLIC LITHIUM
Authors: HEILINGBRUNNER ANDREA , STOLLHOFF GERNOT 
Published: November 2004

We present an ab initio calculation of the correlation effects in metallic lithium. The calculation is carried out based on the use of local operators (Local Ansatz), where correlations are included as corrections to the Hartree-Fock (HF) ground state. We investigate the strength of longer range correlations and their dependance on distance, which allows us to discuss complementary findings to LDA results. The correlation contributions to the binding energy are extracted. The missing longer range correlations can be estimated. Effects of correlations on the bulk modulus, lattice constant and charge fluctuations are analysed. The structural phases of Li with bcc- and fcc-symmetry are compared.
ON THE THERMODYNAMICAL PROPERTIES IN THE SLAVE BOSON MEAN FIELD THEORY OF HUBBARD MODEL
Authors: ISODA M. 
Published: November 2004

The effect of spin polarization in the slave boson mean field theory in the strongly correlated Heavy electron systems is discussed concerning the thermodynamical properties of the Hubbard model. The free energy is evaluated by taking into account the effective reduction of the quantum states due to the exclusion of double occupation in a site through the introduction of the spin-dependent slave boson. The magnetic susceptibility, calculated as a function of temperature, shows the Fermi liquid property at low temperature and the local moment behaviour with the proper Curie constant at high temperature. The present results, including the temperature dependence of the specific heat, are compared with the previous results without the reduction of quantum states.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND TEMPERATURE STABILITY OF SINTERED Nd-Dy-Fe-Co-Mo-Al-B MAGNETS
Authors: RODEWALD W. , SCHREY P. , WALL B. 
Published: November 2004

Simultaneous additions of Co and Mo or V, respectively, to Nd-Dy-Fe-Al-B alloys improve the temperature stability of sintered magnets. The intrinsic coercivity at 150 ºC amounts to 9 kA/cm for magnets with a Dy-content of 3 at.%. Hence magnets with a load line, B/μoH=−2, may be operated at temperatures up to 200 ºC. The additions of Mo or of V result in the precipitation of a tetragonal Mo2FeB2 compound, a=0.58 nm, c=0.32 nm, or of a tetragonal V3–xFexB2 compound, x=0.2...1.2, within the (Nd, Dy)2(Fe, Co, A1)14B grains. The dimensions of the precipitates range from 10 to 600 nm. Besides Mo2FeB2- or V3–xFex+B2-grains, respectively, with dimensions up to 10 μm were observed within the Nd-rich constituents. The intrinsic coercivity, however, is determined by nucleation of reversed domains. The addition of Co results in a partial replacement of the Nd-Fe solid solution by the Nd3Co compound. Corrosion tests revealed, that the corrosion behaviour is not improved significantly and depends much more on the surface treatment.
SOLUTION OF THE COOPER-BCS EQUATIONS WITH AN ENERGY-DEPENDENT ELECTRON-BOSON INTERACTION
Authors: DALLACASA V. , PAIUSCO M. , MANES L. 
Published: November 2004

A numerical solution of the Cooper-BCS model is given, taking into account the energy dependence of the pair interaction U(ε) in the form suggested by Fröhlich. At energies corresponding to scales Δx≈100 A this model is found to predict a high Tc≈100 K, with absence of isotope effect, in the weak to moderate coupling limit, and to reduce to the usual BCS model with constant interaction at macroscopic scales.
QUANTUM TOPS
Authors: REYMAN A.G. 
Published: November 2004

We shall discuss here the problem of quantization of integrals of motion for completely integrable Hamiltonian systems decribed by Lax equations with a spectral parameter. Multi-dimensional tops and their analogs are the most interesting examples of such systems, which motivates the title. The construction of these systems and their quantization procedure are based on a Lie-algebraic scheme which for finite-dimensional Lie algebras is due essentially to Kostant [1]. The extension to loop algebras, i.e. to Lax equations with a spectral parameter, was proposed by Reyman and Semenov-Tian-Shansky [2] ; quantization in this case is obstructed by the absence of Casimir elements in the corresponding universal enveloping algebra. To some extent the situation is remedied by the reappearance of central elements for the associated Kac-Moody algebra at the critical value of the central charge (Sugawara operators), as shown by Malikov [3]. Thus, the Lie-algebraic approach to quantization has given so far only partial results. We shall try to describe here the current state of the problem. The author would like to thank L.P.T.H.E. of the University Paris-VI and the Mathematics Department of the University of Montpellier II for their hospitality.
NNN-ISING MODEL SIMULATION OF NANODOMAIN TEXTURES IN RELAXOR-TYPE LEAD SCANDIUM TANTALATE
Authors: QIAN H. , PENG J.L. , BURSILL L.A. 
Published: November 2004

Chemical domain textures for lead scandium tantalate (PST) are modelled using Monte Carlo (MCS) and next-nearest-neighbor Ising (NNNI) models. A wide range of degrees of short- and long-range ordering of the (Ta, Sc) atoms occur in ceramic specimens, depending on processing routes. The simulations help us understand and quantify the chemical domain textures, chemical domain wall configurations and other chemical defects which may occur in certain relaxor-type perovskite-type oxides. The results are compared to dark-field transmission electron microscopic observations. Some new types of small defects were discovered. These are described and classified. The results provide a first step towards the development of a microscopic statistical physics framework for analytical theories of the dielectric response of relaxor-type ceramics, where the frequency and temperature variation of the permittivity are due essentially to dipolar-type fluctuations on nanometer scales.
SURFACE-INDUCED DIPOLE MOMENTS OF GALLIUM, INDIUM, AND TIN ON MOLYBDENUM SURFACE
Authors: SAADAT A. R. 
Published: November 2004

Liquid gallium (Ga), indium (In), and tin (Sn) were deposited on a molybdenum (Mo) surface. The surface-induced dipole moments of adsorbed adatoms Ga, In, and Sn on Mo were determined experimentally using field-ion and field-emission microscopy. The procedure of the experiment consisted of measuring the change in work function of Mo due to the adsorbed adatoms. The coverage of adatoms was obtained directly from a field-ion image of the surface using a field-ion microscope. The work function changes were obtained by measuring the field-emission currents and plotting the Fowler–Nordhiem curves. The results of this experiment for the induced dipole moments of Ga, In, and Sn adatoms were found to be 2.35 (D) for Ga, 2.39 (D) for In, and 2.25 (D) for Sn. These values are in good agreement with calculations using the charge transfer theory of chemisorption.
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN CIRCULAR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS I: SEXTUPOLAR NONLINEARITIES
Authors: DILÃO RUI 
Published: November 2004

In this paper we relate the methods of the theory of dynamical systems to problems of accelerator design and optimization. It is written in review article style and any prior knowledge of accelerator physics is not required. We derive the Poincaré map for the equation of horizontal transverse motion of a test particle in a circular accelerator in the presence of any number of sextupolar nonlinearities. This map is studied within the framework of nonlinear dynamics and we identify several optimization strategies for the design of an accelerator magnet lattice. The dynamic aperture problem is analysed and we obtain, for a beam line with two sextupoles, the dependence of the dynamic aperture on the line parameters. The mechanisms of aperture reduction near rational values of the tune, ν0 = p/q ≠ 1/3, are due to the creation of heteroclinic tangles and do not affect the stability of the design orbit. For a machine with an arbitrary number of localized sextupolar fields, we obtain the dependence of the nonlinear tune on the amplitude of the particles and the parameters of the accelerator. The predictions for the nonlinear tune agree with the numerical simulations within the maximum relative error of 6% at large amplitudes (~ dynamic aperture) and within the relative error range 1%–2% at intermediate amplitudes (~ half dynamic aperture).
LOCAL ROBUSTNESS AND ITS APPLICATION TO POLYHEDRAL INTERSECTION
Authors: STEWART A. JAMES 
Published: November 2004

The field of solid modeling makes extensive ve use of a variety of geometric algorithms. When implemented on a computer, these algorithms often fail because the computer only provides floating point arithmetic, while the algorithms are expecting infinite precision arithmetic on real numbers. These algorithms are not robust. This paper presents a formal theory of robustness. It is then argued that the elegant theoretical approach to robustness is not viable in practice: algorithms like those used in solid modeling are generally too complex for this approach. This paper presents a practical alternative to the formal theory of robustness; this alternative is called local robustness. Local robustness is applied to the design of a polyhedral intersection algorithm, which is an important component in many solid modelers. The intersection algorithm has been implemented, and, in extensive tests, has never failed to produce a valid polyhedron of intersection. A concise characterization of the locally robust intersection algorithm is presented; this characterization can be used to develop variants of the intersection algorithm, and to develop robust versions of other solid modeling algorithms.