bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction at the meso level: Rebuilding everyday life in post‐conflict Malakand, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Syed Rashid , Sanaullah  , Ahmad Nizar , Gardner Peter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMeso‐level institutions are integral to everyday life but are often overlooked in post‐civil war rebuilding efforts. This study, based on a qualitative dataset of 27 interviews and 11 focus groups conducted in Malakand Division, Pakistan, reveals that many of the institutions that are vital to local stakeholders have been neglected in the region's reconstruction efforts. In addition to considerable loss of life, the conflict between the Taliban and Pakistan's armed forces caused extensive damage not only to physical infrastructure but also to a range of less formalized aspects of Pashtun society. Our findings suggest that prioritizing meso‐level institutional rebuilding is essential for restoring community relationships, trust, and resilience and so could enhance the effectiveness of post‐conflict reconstruction strategies.
Extinction Rebellion: A Case Study of Nonviolent Climate Activism
Authors: Robertson Camden 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate activists around the world have taken specific, strategic, yet varied approaches to demanding action from opponents who are either directly harming the environment or refusing to take sufficient action against our climate crisis. This case study of Extinction Rebellion (XR) seeks to situate the organization in the context of existing and historical climate movements as well as theory on nonviolent political resistance. Specifically, this research will utilize a mixed‐methods approach, including ethnographic data and interviews, to understand Extinction Rebellion's application of nonviolent climate activism in New York City. Research findings exist at the intersection of literature on nonviolent resistance and literature on climate activism. This analysis will likewise rely on an understanding of power that dismisses its existence as inherent or unchanging, but instead sees power as reliant on specific, tangible sources that can be targeted by activists looking to demand change. I argue that Extinction Rebellion and their use of nonviolent direct action invites reflection on the human capacity to resist forces of social, economic, and political power and demand action in the face of crisis. This research will offer a critical perspective on the use of violence in achieving political objectives and will respond to an increasing demand for guidance in navigating the role of emotions in climate activism.
Kidney Transplantation in Children and Adolescents With C3 Glomerulopathy or Immune Complex Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: An International Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Patry Christian , Webb Nicholas J. A. , Meier Matthias , Pape Lars , Fichtner Alexander , Höcker Britta , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundApproximately 50% of patients with chronic kidney disease due to C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) or primary immune‐complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC‐MPGN) will require dialysis and/or kidney transplantation (KTx) within the first 10 years of disease onset. Currently, there are no guidelines regarding the indications for KTx or post‐transplant management.MethodsWe therefore initiated an international online survey via Survey Monkey on C3G and IC‐MPGN in children with CKD stage 5. All KTx centers of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) were invited to participate in the survey, which was conducted from August 23 to November 25, 2023.ResultsSixty‐five (63%) of the centers (n = 103) participated. Twenty‐six percent had made at least one decision against living donation for a child with C3G or IC‐MPGN. The main reason for 88.2% of these decisions was concern about the recurrence of the underlying disease in any potential transplant. Eighty‐eight percent indicated deceased donation as an option; 12% decided not to proceed with transplantation at all. Regarding KTx decision‐making or management, none of them referred to an existing recommendation by any national or regional guideline. For the recurrence of C3G or IC‐MPGN post‐transplant, eculizumab treatment was suggested by 60% of respondents.ConclusionThis survey shows a considerable reluctance of pediatric nephrologists to list patients with CKD stage 5 due to C3G or IC‐MPGN for living donor kidney transplantation. This decision is mainly based on the fear of recurrence of the underlying disease combined with the lack of reliable treatment options. This limited access of affected patients to the best treatment option for kidney failure requires further action.
The Country‐Product‐Dummy Method With Product‐Specific Spatial Price Variation
Authors: von Auer Ludwig , Weinand Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe present paper shows that product‐specific spatial price variation usually causes the Country‐Product‐Dummy (CPD) method to be biased. In cases where it is not, the CPD method is still inefficient and statistical inference is invalid. The paper develops a non‐linear generalization of the CPD method. Even for product‐specific spatial price variation, this NLCPD method remains unbiased and allows for inference. A comprehensive simulation reveals that the NLCPD method's root mean squared error is smaller than that of the Gini‐Eltetö‐Köves‐Szulc (GEKS) index and the CPD method. Finally, this paper applies the NLCPD method to spatial price information derived from Germany's consumer price index micro data of 2019. Price levels of the 401 German districts are computed.
Characteristics of immune response and pathogen tissue dissemination during progressive Treponema pallidum infection: Insights from humanized mice
Authors: Zheng Ya‐Wen , Zheng Xin‐Qi , Guo Yin‐Feng , Xie Jia‐Wen , Wang Mao , Xu Qiu‐Yan , Zhu Xiao‐Zhen , Lin Li‐Rong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCharacterizing the immune response and pathogen tissue dissemination during progressive Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection in the human is crucial for comprehending syphilis but it remains poorly understood, due to the unethical nature of inoculating volunteers with T. pallidum. An urgent new model is needed to study this issue. A human haematopoietic stem cell (Hu‐HSC) mice model of syphilis was constructed through inoculation with T. pallidum. Blood and tissue samples were collected at serial time points (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days post‐infection) to analyse changes in the immune response and the presence of T. pallidum polA DNA and mRNA in the Hu‐HSC mice. Treponema pallidum increased the percentage of helper T cell (Th) 1 and Th2 cells and induced the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the Hu‐HSC mice, with a pattern of increasing and then decreasing response. However, there were no significant changes in the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells. Treponema pallidum polA DNA was detected in various organs such as the liver and spleen, indicating the dissemination of T. pallidum in the tissues. Furthermore, these organs were found to maintain the activity of T. pallidum through the detection of T. pallidum polA mRNA. These results suggested that Treponema pallidum induced the Th1 and Th2 immune response and disseminated in tissues in Hu‐HSC mice. This study can provide a basis for future in vivo research on syphilis using the Hu‐HSC mouse model and offer new references for explaining the pathogenesis of human syphilis.
Frictions around rendering technical: Land disputes over climate change mitigation projects in Suau, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Pascoe Sophie , Sanders Anna 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper focuses on how land and trees are ‘rendered technical’ in Suau, Papua New Guinea through the Central Suau Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Pilot Project and Save the Forest conservation projects. These climate change mitigation interventions apply tools—such as Incorporated Land Groups, maps, and satellite imagery—to make environments measurable and valuable, thereby generating ‘frictions’ between different ways of being and knowing. Through ethnographic accounts of land disputes, we highlight how these tools conflict with the ways that people in Suau relate to and look after their environments. As processes of rendering technical work to recognise and exclude certain forest uses and users, this produces frictions that impact on local livelihoods and matrilineal land tenure systems. Employing the concepts of rendering technical and friction together provides a situated framework for extending attention from distributional and procedural elements of land disputes to consider ethical and ontological layers.
The thylakoid lumen Deg1 protease affects non‐photochemical quenching via the levels of violaxanthin de‐epoxidase and PsbS
Authors: Aviv‐Sharon Elinor , Sultan Laure D. , Naveh Leah , Kupervaser Meital , Reich Ziv , Charuvi Dana , Adam Zach 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYNon‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), the dissipation of excess light energy as heat, has been long recognized as a major protective mechanism that minimizes the potential for oxidative damage to photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers. Two major positive contributors to NPQ are the carotenoid zeaxanthin, generated from violaxanthin by the enzyme violaxanthin de‐epoxidase (VDE or NPQ1), and the thylakoid protein PsbS (NPQ4). The involvement of the lumenal Deg proteases in the repair of PSII from photoinhibition prompted us to further explore their possible role in other responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to high light. Here we show that upon exposure to high light, the single deg1 and the triple deg158 mutants display different levels and kinetics of NPQ, compared with the deg58 mutant and WT that behave alike. In response to high light, the two genotypes lacking Deg1 overaccumulate NPQ1 and NPQ4. After temporal inhibition of protein translation in vivo, the level of these two proteins in deg1 is higher than in WT. Together, the results suggest that Deg1 represents a new level of regulation of the NPQ process through adjusting the quantity of NPQ1 and NPQ4 proteins, probably through their proteolysis.
Effect of Changes in Canine Thyroid Cancer Terminology on Caregiver Anxiety Levels and Treatment Preferences in a Scenario‐Based Study
Authors: Glasspool Bryanna M. , Blackwood Laura , Bowlt Blacklock Kelly L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn human medicine, the choice of medical terminology influences patients' choice of management options and associated anxiety levels in relation to their diagnoses. The objective of this study was to determine the association between canine caregiver's treatment choices and anxiety levels when papillary thyroid cancer is described with or without the term cancer. This randomised cross‐sectional study surveyed 683 people over 18 years old over 8.5 months. Respondents ranked their treatment preference (total thyroidectomy, active surveillance, medical therapy, or radiation therapy) following a scenario‐based diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), thyroid papillary lesion (TPL) or abnormal cells (AC) in their canine pet. Respondents stated their level of anxiety associated with the diagnosis and treatment choice. Of 683 respondents, 622 (91.7%) were female. When presented with a diagnosis of PTC, TPL or AC, 78.1%, 34.2% and 59.3% of participants, respectively, reported being anxious or very anxious about this diagnosis (p < 0.01). Surgery was chosen as a first‐choice treatment for PTC, TPL and AC by 71.8%, 39.8% and 53.8% of respondents, respectively, whereas active surveillance was chosen as a first‐choice treatment by 24.5%, 57.5% and 43.9% of respondents, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in first‐choice treatment selection (p < 0.01) and anxiety levels related to treatment (p < 0.01) between the three different terms. The terminology used when presenting caregivers with a diagnosis of PTC influences treatment choices and levels of anxiety.
A maximum surgical blood ordering schedule: Does it add value?
Authors: Benzil Deborah L. , Auron Moises , Otrock Zaher K. , Lallo Daniel , Flowers Noreen , Cummings Kenneth , Quraishy NurJehan , Tolich Deborah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesImplementing and complying with a maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) is challenging but essential to avoid waste and reduce costs. MSBOS helps manage blood product scarcity and healthcare expenditure by avoiding unnecessary pre‐transfusion testing and preparation, reducing product waste and improving clinical and operational efficiencies while maintaining patient safety.Materials and MethodsA multi‐hospital health system in Ohio and Florida performing more than 200,000 surgeries annually implemented MSBOS through a risk‐stratified protocol and electronic medical record automation.ResultsThe first‐year analysis included 107,149 cases in 23 surgical specialties and 18 hospitals. Compliance with MSBOS improved over time, reducing type and screen tests by 4166 and saving $223,839 in costs. No patient safety issues were identified.ConclusionThis project demonstrates that adopting MSBOS in a large health system adds value by reducing unnecessary testing and costs while maintaining patient safety.
In vivo effects of cold therapy and bandaging on core temperatures of equine superficial and deep digital flexor tendons
Authors: McCarthy Robert D. , Ordóñez Heather J. , Semevolos Stacy A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo compare core temperatures of superficial and deep digital flexor tendons (SDFT, DDFT) during application of a compression cooling system versus ice boots and during subsequent lower limb bandaging.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsPaired forelimbs of six sedated horses.MethodsThermocouples were placed in the core of SDFT and DDFT of both front limbs of each horse. A compression cooling system was applied to one front limb and an ice boot was applied to the other front limb for 60 min and then removed for 60 min. Standing bandages were then applied to both front limbs for 60 min and removed. A random coefficient regression model was fitted for cold therapy data and two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to compare treatment effects of time and cold therapy method (p ≤ .05).ResultsThe compression cooling system resulted in greater drop in core temperatures from baseline of both tendons than ice boots (p = .04) (decreased by 10.8 ± 4.0°C SDFT, 9.8 ± 3.6°C DDFT in compression cooling system limbs; 7.5 ± 3.1°C SDFT, 6.5 ± 2.4°C DDFT in ice boot limbs). Standing bandages significantly increased core temperatures of the SDFT (4.1° ± 2.7) and DDFT (3.7° ± 2.5) from baseline during the treatment period (p < .0001).ConclusionThe compression cooling system provided superior cooling of the SDFT and DDFT than ice boots, when applied to normal horses in an experimental setting. Bandaging increased flexor tendon temperatures but remained within physiological limits.Clinical significanceThe compression cooling system is recommended rather than ice boots for more rapid and consistent cooling of tendons.
Robust, Tough Yet Strong Dual-Material Structures: Optimization, Experimentation, and Temperature-induced Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior
Authors: Da Daicong , Shu Xin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fracture, akin to light, electricity, and magnetism, is an ever-present phenomenon. Counteracting fracture through effective design techniques has emerged as a distinct technology, gaining momentum alongside the rapid progress in additive manufacturing and computational design methodologies. We present advancements in fracture resistance of architected dual-material structures through simulations, optimization, and experiments. Our approach achieves a remarkable 120-fold enhancement in toughness modulus, surpassing constituent materials in brittle fracture. We analyze the interplay between design, material selection, and fracture behavior, enabling robust architectures. This work contributes to fracture-resistant design and has promising engineering implications.
Why is ultrasound needed in inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Petersen Frauke , Höpfner Michael Höpfner , Jenssen Christian , Nürnberg Dieter , Strobel Deike , Vogelpohl Johanna , Dietrich Christoph F 
Published: February 2025

Intestinal ultrasound had been performed in several countries for more than 30 years, but for a longer period had been inthe hands of few experts. With new evidence showing that the method is accurate and has excellent performance especially intreatment monitoring and detection of complications of IBD, there is a growing interest in performing this method by thosephysicians who care for IBD patients in in- and outpatient settings. The authors are convinced that intestinal ultrasound is helping to reduce radiation exposure and enables fast and less expensive decision-making by taking patients’ needs into account. This paper series contains three parts. This first part summarizes guideline recommendations on the use of ultrasound in IBD, describes the typical findings that can be obtained at the point of care without advanced ultrasound technologies and helps tostandardize documentation. The second part will provide an overview on actual ultrasound-activity-scores in IBD and report about advanced multimodal ultrasound modalities and endoscopic and interventional ultrasound. These modalities should be provided by specialized IBD centers. The third part will enhance a wider overview of treatment control, mural and extramural disease complications as well as extraintestinal manifestations. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed, with an outlook how to optimize implementation in the future.
Timing of nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and implications for surveillance and survival
Authors: Lu Tracy , Anthony Casey , Jiang Xinyang , Ning Jing , Goepfert Ryan , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: February 2025

Background/aimsSebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare cancer with periocular predilection. Studies focused on patterns and timing of nodal metastasis are scarce.Our aim is to report patterns of regional nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid SC, including results of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).MethodsAll consecutive patients with eyelid SC treated during 1999–2023 were retrospectively reviewed.All subjects had standard of care surgery for eyelid SC and regional lymph node evaluation using physical examination and ultrasonography (US) at baseline and during the surveillance period. 38 patients with negative findings on US had SLNB to rule out microscopic metastasis.The frequency and timing of lymph node metastasis, the SLNB positivity rate, management of nodal metastasis, overall and disease-specific survival were analysed.ResultsA total of 138 patients were included. 30 patients (22%) had lymph node metastasis: 15 patients were diagnosed at the time of initial diagnosis of eyelid SC; 18 patients developed nodal metastasis during the follow-up period, at a median of 12 months (range, 1–132). Of 38 patients, 5 (13%) had a positive SLNB. Management of nodal metastasis entailed surgical resection of the involved nodal basins in 27 patients; 20 had adjuvant radiotherapy and 7 had adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation. In patients with nodal metastasis, the 2-year and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 87.5% and 75.4%, respectively.ConclusionsOne-half of the patients with eyelid SC with nodal metastasis had negative findings at initial presentation but developed nodal metastasis during follow-up, highlighting the importance of continued lymph node surveillance.
Is 9 months the sweet spot for male athletes to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
Authors: Kotsifaki Roula , King Enda , Bahr Roald , Whiteley Rod 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveMost studies examining the time to return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) do not account for the athlete’s physical readiness. This study aimed to investigate the status of male athletes at 2 years after ACLR, the factors affecting a return to pivoting sports, and the association between time to RTS and subsequent knee injury risk for those athletes who met discharge criteria.MethodsWe prospectively followed 530 male athletes (mean age 26.7±7.7 years) participating in pivoting sports throughout rehabilitation and at 2 years after ACLR. Pair-wise analyses were conducted to compare athletes who returned to pivoting sports and those who did not. We performed a Cox regression analysis to assess the association between subsequent non-contact or indirect contact knee injuries and time to RTS. Pearson’s χ2test was used to compare athletes who RTS in ≤9 months to those who RTS in >9 months after ACLR.ResultsIn total, 379 (72%) athletes returned to pivoting sports at 2 years after ACLR. Athletes who completed rehabilitation and met discharge criteria (n=190) were almost 6 times more likely to return to their preinjury sport (OR 5.71; 95% CI 3.39 to 9.62). Of those who did not complete their rehabilitation (n=340), 132 (39%) did not return to pivoting sports. For athletes who met discharge criteria, time to RTS was not associated with the risk of new knee or ACL injury. There was no increased risk for new knee (HR 0.892, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.07, p=0.79) or ACL (HR 0.718, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.17, p=0.56) injury whether athletes returned before or after the 9-month mark following ACLR.ConclusionsCompleting rehabilitation and meeting objective criteria significantly increased the odds for male athletes to return to pivoting sports. Time to RTS did not impact the risk for a new knee or ACL injury if athletes met objective criteria.
CSF oligoclonal bands in neurological diseases besides CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders
Authors: Ren Jingru , Wang Jianchun , Liu Ran , Guo Jing , Yao Yan , Hao Hongjun , Gao Feng 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo understand the distribution characteristics and clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in different nervous system diseases besides typical central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorders.MaterialA total of 2259 patients who underwent CSF examination for OCBs at Peking University First Hospital from January 2011 to December 2023 were tested. A cohort of 257 patients presenting with various types of OCBs but without CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases was included in the analysis. Relevant medical history was collected from all patients.ResultsOCBs were most common in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. OCB types II and III were most common in patients with autoimmune encephalitis and CNS infection, whereas OCB types IV and V were present in immune-mediated neuropathy mostly. The distribution of OCBs also varied among different disease subtypes. Other CSF characteristics varied between diseases with different OCBs.ConclusionsIn addition to CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases, OCBs also appear in other neurological diseases including cerebral angiopathy and neurodegenerative conditions, informing the potential immune background. Further research is still needed to determine the significance of OCBs in these diseases.