bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A highly sensitive and quantitative telomerase activity assay with pancreatic juice is useful for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma without problems due to polymerase chain reaction inhibitors
Authors: Ohuchida Kenoki , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Nami , Sato Norihiro , Nagai Eishi , Yamaguchi Koji , Takaishi Hideki , Ide Toshinori , Tanaka Masao 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDEarly detection of pancreatic carcinoma is difficult even with current diagnostic tools. Novel biomarkers and detection techniques are urgently needed. Telomerase activity is a promising diagnostic marker. However, the conventional telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay is not suitable for clinical application because of its complexity, time‐consuming nature, and the effects of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors in samples leading to difficulties in quantification.METHODSThe authors used a hybridization protection assay in combination with TRAP (TRAP/HPA) to investigate the effects of PCR inhibitors in pancreatic juice on quantification of telomerase activity. They analyzed 117 consecutive samples of pancreatic juice to determine the feasibility of TRAP/HPA for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.RESULTSThe authors found that TRAP/HPA was 1000‐fold more sensitive than the conventional TRAP assay, and that the effects of PCR inhibitors could be avoided by diluting samples. In a large analysis of pancreatic juice samples with TRAP/HPA, 17 samples were excluded from the final analysis because of insufficient follow‐up periods or inadequate treatment of the samples. Relative telomerase activity (RTA) in samples from patients with pancreatic carcinoma was significantly higher in comparison to samples from patients with pancreatitis and 13 (61.9%) of 21 samples from patients with pancreatic carcinoma showed high RTA (> 4 U). Meanwhile, high RTAs were observed in 4 of 35 (11.4%) samples from patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor and in 1 of 40 samples (2.5%) fom patients without malignant disease.CONCLUSIONSTRAP/HPA accurately evaluated weak telomerase activity in pancreatic juice samples without the problem due to PCR inhibitors. This large analysis of nonselected pancreatic juice samples suggested that TRAP/HPA is a promising approach for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Treatment of breast carcinoma in patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes using radiotherapy versus axillary dissection
Authors: Fujimoto Naoko , Amemiya Atsushi , Kondo Makoto , Takeda Atsuya , Shigematsu Naoyuki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of axillary lymph node dissection (AxD) for patients with breast carcinoma who have clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0) and undergo breast‐conserving therapy has been controversial. If patients do not undergo AxD, then it is uncertain whether specific lymph node irradiation should be given. The authors compared the results obtained from patients w ho underwent AxD with the results from patients who received axillary irradiation (AxR) using one of two radiotherapy techniques.METHODSPatients with T1–T2cN0 breast carcinoma were treated from 1983 to 2002 with either AxD (80 patients) or AxR (1134 patients received tangential‐field [2‐field] irradiation, and 303 patients received 3‐field irradiation). The median follow‐up was 161 months for the AxD group and 66 months for the AxR group (55 months for patients who received tangential‐field irradiation, and 122 months for patients who received 3‐field irradiation).RESULTSOne patient in the AxD group and 35 patients in the AxR group had axillary recurrences. The 10‐year cumulative axillary recurrence rates were 1.3% and 4.6% for the AxD group and the AxR group, respectively (P= 0.21). For patients with T1 tumors, the 10‐year overall survival rates for the two groups were 94.7% and 92.7%, respectively (P= 0.34); and, for patients with T2 tumors, the 10‐year overall survival rates were 92.5% and 89.1%, respectively (P= 0.34). In the AxR group, the 5‐year axillary recurrence rates were 2.5% for patients who received tangential‐field irradiation and 1.7% for patients who received 3‐field irradiation (P= 0.18), and the 5‐year regional recurrence rates for the two groups were 4.8% and 2.4%, respectively (P= 0.048). On multivariate analysis, positive lymphovascular invasion, outer tumor location, and larger tumor size were significant risk factors for regional failure.CONCLUSIONSFor patients with cN0 breast carcinoma, AxD and AxR yielded the same overall survival rates. Most patients can be treated safely with tangential‐field irradiation alone. Patients who are at increased risk of regional failure may benefit from three‐field irradiation. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Flow cytometric detection of complement‐activating HLA antibodies
Authors: Schönemann Constanze , Lachmann Nils , Kiesewetter Holger , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies to HLA are implicated in allograft rejection; as a consequence, tests to identify them are indicated in organ transplantation. Flow cytometry (FC) may improve the outcome of organ transplantation. Although increasingly used, most of the available FC techniques do not discriminate between complement and noncomplement‐activating antibodies. However, the clinical relevance of noncomplement‐activating antibodies is controversial. Therefore, many laboratories still use the conventional complement‐dependent microlymphocytotoxicity crossmatch (CDC‐XM) alone or in combination with FC.MethodsWe describe a novel flow cytometric complement‐dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch assay (FC‐CDC‐XM) that clearly identifies complement‐binding HLA antibodies. With the aid of a three‐color FACScan flow cytometer with a standard argon ion laser, we used fluorescence‐conjugated anti‐CD3 for the identification of T lymphocytes, anti‐CD19 antibodies for the identification of B lymphocytes, and propidium iodide (PI) for the identification of damaged cells. Fluorescence‐conjugated anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD19 antibodies were detected in the green (FL1) and orange (FL2) ranges of the spectrum. PI fluorescence was measured with the red (FL3) fluorescence channel. Gating of lymphocytes was performed using side scatter versus FL1 or FL2 dot plots for the identification of T and B lymphocytes, respectively.ResultsFC‐CDC‐XM was able to correctly identify all antibodies tested as specific to HLA class I (n = 18) or II (n = 4).ConclusionsThe new FC‐CDC‐XM is more sensitive and more objective than the standard CDC‐XM and can be used for pre‐ and posttransplant diagnoses and for the detection of other antibody‐mediated cytotoxic reactions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BDNF protects against stress‐induced impairments in spatial learning and memory and LTP
Authors: Radecki Daniel T. , Brown Laurie M. , Martinez James , Teyler Timothy J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe present study investigated whether infusion of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could ameliorate stress‐induced impairments in spatial learning and memory as well as hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) of rats. Chronic immobilization stress (2 h/day × 7 days) significantly impaired spatial performance in the Morris water maze, elevated plasma corticosterone, and attenuated LTP in hippocampal slices from these animals as compared with normal control subjects. BDNF was infused into the left hippocampus (0.5 μl/h) for 14 days, beginning 7 days before the stress exposure. The BDNF group was protected from the deleterious effects of stress and performed at a level indistinguishable from normal control animals despite the presence of elevated corticosterone. BDNF alone and sham infusions had no effect on performance or LTP. These results demonstrate that spatial learning and memory, and LTP, a candidate neural substrate of learning and memory, are compromised during chronic stress, and may be protected by BDNF administration. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tonic modulation of inhibition by dopamine D4 receptors in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Romo‐Parra Héctor , Aceves Jorge , Gutiérrez Rafael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDopaminergic pathways have been recognized to play a critical role in cognition and emotion. Dopamine D2 and D4 receptors are the target for most common antipsychotics and their activation, particularly those in the medial temporal lobe structures, has been associated with their beneficial actions. The entorhinal cortex, which is the cortical area most consistently and severely affected in schizophrenia constitutes the main input to the hippocampus. Since the D4 receptor is highly concentrated in the hippocampus, and the effects of the selective activation of D4 receptors on the input/output function of the hippocampal formation are poorly understood, we sought to investigate the role of these receptors in the synaptic transmission and paired‐pulse inhibition from the perforant path to area CA1 and the dentate gyrus. The D4 receptor antagonist, clozapine, translated paired‐pulse inhibition into paired‐pulse potentiation in both perforant path targets. By contrast, the D2/D3 antagonist quinpirole had no effect. The blockade of the D2/3 receptors with sulpiride, and of D1/5 receptors with SCH‐23390, has no effect on paired‐pulse inhibition, suggesting that these receptors are not involved in feedforward inhibition in these hippocampal areas. Interestingly, the perfusion of the D4 selective antagonist, L‐745,870 (Patel et al., 1997: J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283:636–647) during the blockade of D2/3 and D1/5 receptors produces a reversible decrease in paired‐pulse inhibition in CA1, but not in the DG. Our results show that endogenous DA tonically modulates feedforward inhibition in area CA1 and the dentate gyrus through the activation of D4 receptors located in the interneuronal population of these hippocampal regions. Since activation of the D4 receptor inhibits GABA release and GABAergic synaptic transmission, we suggest that the perforant path stimulates interneurons that have the D4 receptor and that, in turn, contact other interneurons that synapse onto pyramidal cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency and resolution dependence of the anisotropic impedance estimation in cortical bone using time‐resolved scanning acoustic microscopy
Authors: Raum Kay , Reißhauer Jan , Brandt Jörg 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe influences of frequency and spatial resolution on the anisotropic impedance estimation of cortical bone was investigated in the frequency range 25–100 MHz. A set of spherically focused transducers provided a spatial resolution in the range from 150 down to about 20 μm. Four embedded cortical bone samples (two male, two female, two donors aged <30 years, two donors aged >70 years) were cut with different orientations relative to the long axis of the femur (0–90°). From each section, impedance maps were acquired in the C‐scan mode. Histogram evaluations showed a similar angular dependence with a characteristic off‐axis maximum of the estimated impedance for all samples and frequencies. The impedance values obtained with the 25‐MHz transducer were significantly lower than those obtained with the 50‐ and 100‐MHz transducers. Morphological parameters of the macrostructure, for example, size and distribution of the haversian channels and the resulting porosity, were estimated from the high‐resolution acoustic images. These structures appeared to have a significant influence on the measured properties of the bone matrix for the low‐frequency and low‐aperture measurements. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 430–438, 2004
Surface chemistry mediates adhesive structure, cytoskeletal organization, and fusion of macrophages
Authors: Dadsetan Mahrokh , Jones Jacqueline A. , Hiltner Anne , Anderson James M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSurface chemistry modulates many critical functions of monocyte/macrophages such as adhesion, fusion, spreading, phagocytosis, and secretion. In this study, we investigated the effect of silicone modification on adhesive structure development and cytoskeletal reorganization of adherent macrophages on polyurethanes. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cytoskeletal reorganization of adherent macrophages. Data presented here showed less spreading for adherent cells on silicone‐modified materials due to the higher hydrophobicity and protein adsorption profile. This decrease in spreading was accompanied by less F‐actin content in adherent cells on silicone‐modified polyurethanes and PDMS control, indicating that silicone modification reduces the strength of adhesion. With the addition of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) at days 3 and 7 to our culture, adherent cell morphology dramatically changed. The change in morphology led to higher macrophage fusion and foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation on silicone modified materials after 10 days. In addition, mannose receptor (MR) expression was up‐regulated on the silicone‐modified polyurethanes and PDMS control in the presence of IL‐4. Up‐regulation of MR expression suggests an alternatively activated phenotype for adherent macrophages, which is accompanied with an attenuated proinflammatory cytokine production and reactive oxygen secretion. It appears that silicone modification accelerates acquisition of an alternative macrophage and FBGC phenotype, which may then result in increased polyurethane biostability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 439–448, 2004
Analysis of immobilized L‐cysteine on polymers
Authors: Gappa‐Fahlenkamp H. , Duan X. , Lewis R. S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRecently, we reported that L‐cysteine attached to polymeric biomaterials, without prior nitrosation, enhances the hemocompatibility of biomaterials via exploiting endogenous nitric oxide (NO). As part of the polymer optimization process to further enhance platelet inhibition, a kinetic model is being developed to predict the release rate of NO. A key model parameter is the immobilized concentration of L‐cysteine. This article demonstrates how several chemiluminescence‐based assays, previously utilized for measuring thiols in solution, were successfully adapted to quantify immobilized L‐cysteine. The assays showed that the immobilized L‐cysteine on the modified PET sample is within the range of 4.1 to 6.5 nmol/cm2. An advantage of using the more successful chemiluminescence‐based assay is that it can accurately measure molar concentrations of any thiol‐containing compound with a detection limit in the pmol range. The major disadvantage is that L‐cysteine must first be broken off of the polymer and released into solution prior to measurement, therefore leaving the sample unable to be reused. Other thiol‐measuring techniques, such as fluorescence microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to provide qualitative and semiquantitative analysis to substantiate the polymer development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 519–527, 2004
Integrin α2β1 modulates EGF stimulation of Rho GTPase‐dependent morphological changes in adherent human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells
Authors: Leabu M. , Uniyal S. , Xie J. , Xu Y.Q. , Vladau C. , Morris V.L. , Chan B.M.C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe ability of cells to undergo shape changes is essential for diverse cellular functions including cell growth, differentiation, and movement. The present study examines how an integration of the function of α2β1 integrin with that of the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) modulates EGF‐stimulated morphological changes in human rhabdomyosarcoma RD transfectant cells. Upon EGF stimulation, RD transfectant cells that lacked α2β1 integrin expression (RDpF) underwent contraction; in contrast, expression of α2β1 on RD cells (RDX2C2) resulted in transient cell spreading. Integrin α2 cytoplasmic domain played a critical role in the observed α2β1‐mediated conversion from a cell rounding to a cell spreading phenotype. Thus, the expression of an α2 cytoplasmic domain deletion variant (X2C0) or a chimeric α2β1 containing the cytoplasmic domain of α4 (X2C4) or α5 (X2C5), instead of α2, failed to mediate spreading upon EGF stimulation. Using dominant negative (DN) mutants of RhoGTPases, results revealed that RhoA activation was required for both EGF‐stimulated responses of cell rounding and spreading, Cdc42 functioned in the re‐spreading of cells after undergoing EGF‐stimulated contraction, and Rac1 was required in α2β1‐mediated RD cell spreading. Therefore, α2β1 integrin function can switch the Rho GTPase‐dependent cell shape changes in RD cells from an EGF‐stimulated cell contraction to a spreading morphology. Together, results show that integrin α2 cytoplasmic domain plays an indispensable role in the ability of integrin α2β1 to modulate EGF stimulation of Rho‐GTPase‐dependent morphological changes in RD cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pretreatment of barley husk for bioethanol production
Authors: Palmarola‐Adrados Beatriz , Galbe Mats , Zacchi Guido 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper reports on the optimization of steam pretreatment of barley husk for high pentose and hexose recovery in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step, as well as high ethanol yield, following simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The parameters optimized in the steam pretreatment step were residence time (5–15 min), temperature (190–215 °C), and concentration of the acid catalyst (0 or 0.5% H2SO4). A microwave oven was employed for screening of the optimal conditions to obtain the highest sugar yield following combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The final optimization of the pretreatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on a larger scale, in a steam pretreatment unit. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was carried out following steam pretreatment on 5 and 10% dry matter steam‐pretreated slurries. Fermentability tests were performed to determine the effect of by‐products (ie furfural and 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural) in the bioconversion of glucose to ethanol by baker's yeast. The maximum glucose yield, 88% of the theoretical, was obtained following steam pretreatment with 0.5% H2SO4 at 200 °C for 10 min. Under these conditions, a sugar to ethanol conversion of 81% was attained in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A biological method for synthesizing 14C‐vinyl chloride
Authors: Walker Christopher B. , Gu April Z. , Stensel H. David , Strand Stuart E. 
Published: October 2004

Abstract14C‐labeled vinyl chloride (VC) was produced from 14C‐labeled trichloroethylene by an enriched, halorespiring culture, and purified using a hydrophobic column. This technically simple and economical method generated high yields of high‐purity radiolabeled VC. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [11C]Ro‐647312: a novel NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA receptor radioligand
Authors: Dollé Frédéric , Valette Héric , Demphel Stéphane , Coulon Christine , Ottaviani Michelle , Bottlaender Michel , Kassiou Michael 
Published: October 2004

Abstract[2‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐isoquinolin‐2‐yl)‐pyridin‐4‐yl]‐dimethylamine, Ro‐647312 (1) represents a new novel class of NR1/2B subtype selective NMDA ligand. Ro‐647312 has been radiolabelled with carbon‐11 using [11C]methyl triflate from the nor‐methyl compound 2. The reaction was performed in acetone as solvent using aqueous NaOH as base. Following HPLC purification [11C]Ro‐647312 ([11C]‐1) was obtained in 6.9–9.2% (n = 3) radiochemical yield decay‐corrected based on starting [11C]CO2, with specific radioactivity measured at the end of the radiosynthesis ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 Ci/µmol (37–129 GBq/µmol). Radiochemical and chemical purities were assessed as >99 and >95%, respectively. Following i.v. injection of [11C]‐1 in rat, the distribution of radioactivity was homogeneous in all brain structures and did not correlate with the known distribution of NR2B subunits. The radioactivity observed in plasma was also higher than any brain structure throughout the time course of the experiment. [11C]‐1 does not possess the required properties for imaging NMDA receptors using positron emission tomography. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deuterated analogues of 4,8‐dimethyldecanal, the aggregation pheromone of Tribolium castaneum: synthesis and pheromonal activity
Authors: Kim Junheon , Matsuyama Shigeru , Suzuki Takahisa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo elucidate the deuterium isotope effect (DIE) in pheromonal activity and to investigate the biosynthetic pathway of 4,8‐dimethyldecanal (4,8‐DMD; 1), the aggregation pheromone of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), deuterated analogues of 4,8‐DMDs (2, 3, 4, and 5), were synthesized and their pheromonal activities were tested using a two‐hole pitfall olfactometer. Although no apparent DIE was observed in their pheromonal activities, 4,8‐DMD‐1‐d1 (2) was less attractive than other analogues, which suggested that the bond distance between the formyl group of 1 and its receptor was critical in pheromone recognition by T. castaneum. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and separation of tritiated inhibitors of aminopeptidase A and their prodrugs
Authors: Inguimbert Nicolas , Coric Pascale , Dhotel Hélène , Llorens‐Cortes Catherine , Fournié‐Zaluski Marie‐Claude , Roques Bernard P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWith the aim of studying the bioavailability of two related aminopeptidase A (APA) inhibitors, we have synthesized tritiated disulfide prodrugs. These molecules, 4,4′‐dithiobis‐(3,3′‐amino)‐1,1′‐butanesulfonic acid (RB 150) and its 2,2‐dimethylpropyl ester(RB 151) bearing one tritium atom per monomer in position 2 were obtained with high purity and a final specific activity of about 30 Ci/mmol. The active radiolabeled inhibitor EC 33, Ki=270 nM for APA was obtained by reduction of the disulfide bond of RB 150. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids on physicochemical properties and stability of β‐carotene nanodispersions prepared by emulsification/evaporation method
Authors: Tan Chin Ping , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe effects of six different polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGEs) as nonionic emulsifiers on the physicochemical properties and stability of β‐carotene nanoparticles in oil‐in‐water dispersions produced by an emulsification/evaporation technique were examined. The β‐carotene particle size was measured by a laser diffraction technique, and the stability and retention of β‐carotene during various preparation steps and storage were determined by HPLC. In the prepared nanodispersions the β‐carotene particle size decreased with increasing degree of glycerol polymerisation and decreasing carbon number of the fatty acid group in the PGE. The particle size of β‐carotene in nanodispersions containing polyglycerol monooleate was generally larger than that in the presence of polyglycerol monolaurate. During storage at 4 °C, although the β‐carotene content in the nanodispersions showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease with increasing storage period, the size distribution of β‐carotene was almost unchanged in all prepared nanodispersions. In general, the mean diameter of β‐carotene nanoparticles ranged from 85 to 132 nm. In the light of their ability to physically stabilise β‐carotene particle formation, it is suggested that PGEs with a high degree of glycerol polymerisation may be useful in the preparation of β‐carotene nanodispersions. The best stabilisation was obtained using 10 g kg−1 decaglycerol monolaurate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry