bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Drink Consumption by Online College Students
Authors: Byerley Lauri O 
Published: November 2023

Sales of energy drinks have increased over the last several decades, and now it is a billion dollar industry. Who purchases and consumes these beverages? Current marketing campaigns target young adults less than 30 years of age. Recent studies suggest this is the group that buys and consumes the most energy drinks. This study investigated energy drink consumption among students at an online university, the American Public University System (APUS). The students at APUS are a unique student group compared to the traditional brick and mortar college student because they tend to be older, have families, and be in established careers. As well, more than 60% are in the military. Energy drinks may affect older subjects differently because of aging processes. Two‐thirds of survey responders were male with an average age of 32 ± 7 years, but age ranged from 19 to 62 years. Sixty‐nine % were in the military, 57% were men, 70% were married, and 60% worked more than 40 hours per week. In the month preceding the survey, 57 % consumed an energy drink. On average, eight drinks were consumed but the number of drinks ranged from 0 to 170 drinks or about 6 per day. These were split 50/50 between sugar‐free and sugar‐containing beverages. The two top reasons for consuming these drinks were “as a pick me up” or “for work.” Woman were more likely to drink energy drinks for work and a pick me up (84%) than men (63%). Most participants claimed they were aware of the ingredients in energy drinks, particularly the “energy” boosters. As brick and mortar students, some respondents experienced side effects and the most common was jitters, but less than half of those drinking energy drinks experienced the jitters. In conclusion, non‐traditional, older college students consume energy drinks for the same reasons younger students at brick and mortar universities use these beverages. Older users experience similar side effects, yet the impact on the aging process is not known.Support or Funding InformationFunded by the American Public University
In‐vitro Comparative Absorption of Creatine Compounds
Authors: Morgan Shane , Ericson Clayton , Hartle Jennifer W 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the absorption of two creatine sources in a Caco‐2 in‐vitro model designed to mimic the intestinal absorption of creatine when administered as a dietary supplement. A new proprietary source of creatine, Creatine UltraPower™ (CUP), creatine monohydrate (CRE) and a negative control were evaluated for relative absorption of creatine. Caco‐2 cells (ATCC HTB‐37) were used to seed transwell plates. After seeding, cells were allowed to differentiate for 21 days prior to absorption experiments. Membrane integrity in the transwell was verified by trans‐epithelial electrical resistance measurements just prior to running the assay. Cells were rinsed with warm PBS and creatine test solutions were then applied to apical wells. Concentration of creatine in each of the test solutions was 0.42% (w/v) which delivered 349 μmol of creatine to the apical side of the cell. The cells were allowed to incubate for 2 hours. After incubation, the basal fluids were collected and analyzed for creatine concentration by HPLC using an isocratic method on a C18 column, with detection at 201 nm. CUP showed the highest creatine concentration (0.562±0.00686 mg/mL), which was significantly higher than CRE (0.294±0.00463 mg/mL) (p<0.05). Absorption of both creatine forms were both significantly higher than the negative control. These findings suggest that CUP is absorbed better than CRE in a cell culture model and is transferred to the basal side of the cell layer, which suggests that there is more creatine available for biological functions.Support or Funding InformationAlbion
Examining the Relationship Between Iron Status and Physical Performance in Chinese Women
Authors: Pompano Laura Marie , Haas Jere D. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. Iron deficiency without anemia has been shown to impair adult physical performance in laboratory settings. Usually, impaired physical performance in iron deficiency and anemia is attributed to decreased oxygen transport due to low hemoglobin (Hb) levels. However, literature suggests that iron deficiency without anemia also impairs physical performance, though the mechanism for this is not well understood. Moreover, participation in exercise training has been shown to negatively affect iron status in women, suggesting an intricate, but currently undefined, relationship between iron status, exercise, and physical performance capacity.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between varying levels of iron status and physical performance in Chinese university women.MethodsThis study examines the baseline of a randomized control trial in which 400 women were screened for iron depletion with no or mild anemia (sFer < 30 μg/L and Hb >9.0g/dL). This analysis is based on 93 women who met these criteria at baseline. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between iron status and physical performance outcomes, measured as maximal oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry exercise (VO2peak).ResultsAt baseline, 67% of women had depleted iron stores (sFer < 20μg/L) and 4% were iron depleted anemic (sFer <20 μg/L and Hb <11.0 g/dL). The means ± sd for sFer, Hb, and VO2peak per kg were: 13.1 μg/L ± 13.6, 13.4 g/dL ± 10.4, and 42.3 mL/min/kg ± 7.8, respectively. In the baseline sample, sFer significantly predicted VO2peak (p=0.015), with each 1.0 μg/L increase in sFer predicting a 0.13 mL/kg/min increase in VO2peak. This significant effect of ferritin persisted when baseline Hb level was included as a covariate. Hb was not a significant covariate in this model nor was it a significant predictor of VO2peak alone.ConclusionsThe data from this cross‐sectional analysis suggest that iron deficiency without anemia may affect VO2peak. This effect is independent of the effect of Hb. These findings support previous research from our lab. Additionally, the findings justify this population being appropriate for studying the effects of iron repletion in combination with exercise training in the subsequent randomized control trial. These findings also suggest a currently undefined impact of iron deficiency in physical performance outside of oxygen delivery to muscle. Further analyses of changes in performance outcomes (VO2peak and energetic efficiency) should clarify the roles of iron status and aerobic training in physical performance.Support or Funding InformationFulbright Student Grants, Cornell Lehman Fund for Scholarly Exchange with China, Foreign Language Area Studies, Cornell Human Ecology Alumni Association, Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Alumni Association, N.S. Meinig Professorship
Nutritional Impact of “Cruzada Nacional Contra el Hambre” in México
Authors: Rosas Verónica Mundo , Levy Teresa Shamah , Gómez‐Humarán Ignacio Méndez , Tapia Brenda Martínez 
Published: November 2023

The “Cruzada Nacional Contra el Hambre (CNCH)” is a strategy of inclusion and social welfare that aims to combat poverty, malnutrition and social marginalization in Mexico. CNCH is implemented in this presidential period (2012–2018).ObjectiveTo study the impact of the CNCH over the preschool children stunting.MethodsA comparative study during two evaluation stages was done in 2300 children under five years old (CNCH intervention (n=1500) and control (n=800), at the beginning and end (after 12 mo) of the study. The design of the study was a random, probabilistic and national representative sample of all the country. A difference in differences estimator was used along with a logistic regression analysis, adjusting by diet diversity and food insecurity (FI) variables.Resultsgenerally stunting prevalence was greater as the FI severity increased. In CNCH beneficiaries group, stunting prevalence decreased from the first evaluation stage to the second one, mainly in those who were classified as moderated and severe FI. For every increasing unit in diet diversity, height for age Z‐score raised 0.25 (p=0.03) moreover this score decreased in the presence of FI at household level.ConclusionCNCH showed a positive effect in the growth of beneficiary children, associated this to a greater diet quality. It is advisable to continue the assessments to identify and enhance actions contributing to improve the food and nutritional status of the population.
Food Purchasing Patterns of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants
Authors: Sanjeevi Namrata , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne H 
Published: November 2023

Participants of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been reported to have a lower diet quality as compared to income‐eligible nonparticipants. Since grocery purchases have a major impact on the type of foods consumed, this study will investigate food purchasing patterns of SNAP participants by analysis of their grocery receipts. A total of 110 subjects participating in SNAP were recruited from the Partner Agencies of the Capital Area Food Bank of Texas. The demographics questionnaire was administered to subjects to record their ethnicity, age, date of receipt of SNAP benefits, amount of household SNAP benefits, household size, age of each household member, and marital status. The grocery receipts from household purchases for 1 month were collected from subjects. Foods were divided into 29 food categories, and the household percentage expenditure for each food category was identified. The Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) 2006 was utilized to determine the recommended percentage expenditure that can be spent on 29 food categories for each participating household. Descriptive statistics were used to indicate demographic characteristics. A Wilcoxon signed rank t‐test was conducted to determine differences between actual household food expenditure and the recommended expenditure for 29 food categories. The mean age of participants was 32.3 yrs and 60% of the participants were Hispanic. The SNAP benefits accounted for 83% of the household grocery expenditures for the entire month, while cash and WIC benefits represented 16% and 1% of the grocery expenditures, respectively. The household percentage expenditure was significantly lower than the TFP recommendation for the following food categories: whole fruits, dark green and orange vegetables, whole grains, soup, and low fat dairy. In contrast, expenditures were significantly higher than the recommendations for refined grains, red meat, bacon, sausage and lunch meats, frozen entrees, sugar and candies, and sodas and fruit drinks. This study demonstrates that SNAP benefits serve as the major resource for grocery purchases in this population. However, the type of foods purchased by SNAP participants does not meet the recommendations stipulated by the TFP. Thus, it is vital to provide nutrition education to SNAP participants to improve their food purchasing choices.Support or Funding InformationBess Heflin Centennial Professorship in Nutrition
Partnership between a historically black college and a community health and wellness center to engage African American men in community participatory research and the development of biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Sedighi Rashin , Jegede Olugbemiga E. , Pinder Jamilla , Sumner Susan J. , Harrison Scott H. , Newman Robert H. , Ongeri Elimelda Moige 
Published: November 2023

African American communities disproportionately bear the burden of complications of diabetes. Early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis. Progress in overcoming disparities has been partially impaired by mistrust between the African American community and researchers. For this reason, minority men are often underrepresented in biomedical research studies that serve as the basis for the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutics. Overcoming this disparity calls for the development of culturally sensitive approaches that leverage partnerships with health care providers in minority serving clinics. A unique level of trust exists between African American communities and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). HBCU's are thus in a unique position to develop partnerships with clinical researchers to increase participation of African American men in research to promote healthy living and develop biomarkers for diseases that disproportionately affect their communities. In the current study, North Carolina A&T State University, one of the largest HBCU's in North Carolina, has partnered with the Cone Health Community Health and Wellness Center to build infrastructure to engage African American men in community participatory research. The research is designed to: (i) empower African American men to prevent and/or manage diabetes in order to prevent progression to complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and (ii) to increase collection of biological samples from African American men for biomarker development. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. With the rising incidences of obesity, diabetes is becoming an epidemic in the African American community. While efforts are being made to develop biomarkers for early diagnosis of DN, participation of African American men in these studies has been minimal. By partnering with a community clinic that serves uninsured and underinsured patients, many of whom are from minority ethnic groups, we were able to engage diabetic African American men in biomedical research and collect biological samples for development of biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. These samples will be subjected to proteomic and metabolomics analysis to identify biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy representative of the African American male population.Support or Funding InformationNIH/NIHMD #U54MD008621 Sub‐Award # HU‐14004NIH/NIHMD U54MD008621 Sub‐Award # HU‐150006
Usual Dietary Intake among Children 2–5 Years in a Community at High Risk for Obesity: Comparison to Age‐Matched NHANES Data, 2009–2012
Authors: Markides Brittany Reese , Crixell Sylvia Hurd , Biediger‐Friedman Lesli 
Published: November 2023

Approximately 32% of US children are overweight or obese. The burden of childhood obesity is not carried evenly, however, and disparities in obesity rates have been documented across different geographic locations in the US. For example, children in San Marcos, TX in Hays County, the fastest growing city in its size category in the US, are at exceptional risk for obesity, as evidenced by a 58% incidence of overweight or obesity among seventh graders. Dietary intake is the prime modifiable factor of body weight, however the current literature on usual dietary intake is derived from national surveillance data which cannot reflect regional nuances.Conducted as a part of a community‐needs assessment for a Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers (Best Food FITS) community‐based intervention, the primary aim of this study was to determine usual dietary intakes among children 2–5 years attending childcare in Hays County, TX and compare them to age‐matched data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009–2012. The secondary aim of this study was to analyze NHANES data to determine whether dietary intake of children attending childcare differed from those who did not.Dietary intake was collected from a convenience sample drawn from Hays County preschoolers, ages 2–5, by conducting 24‐hour recalls using Nutrition Data System for Research. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual intakes in Hays County preschoolers (n=124) and in age‐matched participants of NHANES (n=1736). Food groups assessed included whole fruit, fruit juice, total vegetables, dairy, fluid milk, protein‐rich foods (meat, poultry, seafood, nuts, legumes), and calories from solid fat and added sugar. Subgroup estimates of usual intake were modeled using race, household income, age, and gender as covariates.Intakes of fruit, whole grains, dairy, protein‐rich food groups, and calories from added sugars and solid fat were observed to be significantly greater among children in Hays County compared to age‐matched NHANES participants. Analysis of NHANES data for children 2–5 years revealed that children who attended childcare had significantly greater intakes of whole fruit, vegetables, and whole grains compared to children who did not. Overall, distributions of dietary intake regionally and nationally did not meet recommended guidelines: >90% of children did not consume recommended amounts of whole grains and vegetables and >70% of children did not consume recommended amounts of fruit.These results suggest that children participating in childcare may have an advantage with respect to dietary quality. Interventions in Hays County will focus on increasing fruit, vegetables, and whole grains and reducing calories from added sugars and solid fat.Support or Funding InformationTexas State University Research Enhancement Program Grant
The Effects of Omega‐3 Supplementation on the Lipid Profile and Adipose Indices in Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mota Christy Veronica , Perez‐Paquien Ivette , Firek Anthony , Beeson W. Lawrence , Cordero‐MacIntyre Zaida R , De Leon Marino 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) tend to be obese with an altered lipid profile characterized as a small dense LDL, low HDL and elevated triglyceride levels. Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of consuming omega‐3 fatty acids found in certain fish and other foods to improve lipid profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing omega‐3 fatty acids on lipid profiles in participants of the Diabetes education program targeting Hispanics with DM2.MethodsProspective three‐month study with 40 Hispanic DM2 participants (males=16, females=24) who were provided 1.0 gram of daily dietary omega‐3 supplement while undergoing diabetes education. Adipose indices were measured using a dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry, lipid profiles measured by routine clinical methods, and anthropometric measurements by trained personnel. Non‐parametric alternatives were used to calculate median differences (medd) between baseline and 3 month follow‐up on adipose indices and lipid profiles.ResultsThere was a significant reductions in glucose (medd= −4.50mg/dL, p=0.0212), hemoglobin A1C (medd= −0.10%, p= 0.0012), percent trunk fat (medd= −1.0%, p= =0.0134), LDL (: medd= −5.0mg/dL, p=0.0111) and total percent fat (medd= −0.50%, p= 0.0452). There was a significant increase in total lean + bone mineral content (medd=760.55g, p= <0.0001). Total body weight was not significantly lowered (medd= −0.88kg, p= 0.37) and HDL was not significantly changed (medd= 0mg/dL, p= 0.69).ConclusionProviding omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to participants in a diabetes education program was associated with an improved glycemic control and reduced LDL cholesterol. Trends in improved body composition were noted after only 3 months. These reported changes may relate to improved lifestyle and the addition of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation although the specific contribution of each require additional studies.Support or Funding InformationNIH award: 5P20MD006988
Mediterranean Diet and Changes in Weight among Older Puerto Rican Adults
Authors: Bigornia Sherman J , Noel Sabrina E , Tucker Katherine L 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the association between a Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and its components with 2‐yr weight change among older Puerto Ricans.MethodsCohort (Boston Puerto Rican Health Study) of 1,127 participants with mean age 57 y (SD: 7), 73% female, and 58% with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Diet over the previous year was ascertained at baseline using an FFQ modified and validated for use in this population. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed using a 0‐ to 9‐point scale. Individuals received 1 point for reporting intakes higher than the cohort energy‐adjusted and sex‐specific median serving for either whole grains (0.65 and 0.67 s/d, men and women, respectively), fruits (1.08 s/d for both sexes), vegetables (1.60 and 1.48 s/d), legumes (5.44 and 4.59 s/wk), fish (0.96 and 0.81 s/d), or the monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (1.16 and 1.18 units/d). Conversely, 1 point was given for estimated consumption lower than the median serving for meat (4.82 and 4.02 s/d, men and women, respectively) or dairy products (1.74 and 1.57 s/d); 1 point was awarded for moderate consumption of alcohol (2 s/d for men and 1 s/d for women). Weight at baseline and at 2‐yr follow‐up (median, inter‐quartile range: 2.01 y, 1.96 to 2.16 y) was measured in duplicate and the average at each visit used in all analyses.ResultsThe average MDS was 4.3 (SD: 1.7). In multivariate models, lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with greater weight gain during follow‐up [mean (95% CI); 1.51% (0.33, 2.70) for MDS 0–3 and −0.38% (−1.33, 0.57) MDS 6–9; P‐trend=0.001.; Table]. In similar models, vegetable consumption was significantly associated with changes in weight [0.86% (0.09, 1.63) for low and −0.39% (−1.15, 0.38) for high; P=0.004]. Other components of the MDS were not significantly associated with 2‐yr weight change. Our results remained similar after accounting for baseline total energy intake.ConclusionsA dietary pattern that is less consistent with a Mediterranean diet was associated with weight gain over a 2‐yr follow‐up period. Our results suggest that a Mediterranean diet may be beneficial for weight maintenance among older Puerto Ricans.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by NIH grants P01‐AG023394, P50‐HL105185, and R01‐AG027087.

Relation between baseline Mediterranean Diet Score and 2‐yr changes in weight (n=1127)

Model
Covariates
Mediterranean Diet Score
P‐trend

0 to 2
3
4
5
6 to 9

n=164
n=180
n=248
n=239
n=296

1
age, sex, height, time between visits
1.23% (0.10, 2.36)
0.77% (−0.32, 0.63)
−0.32% (−1.26, 0.63)
−0.71% (−0.32, 1.86)
−0.60% (−1.47, 0.27)
0.002

2
+ high school education,currently smoking, physical activity score, diabetes, heart disease
1.51% (0.33, 2.70)
1.18% (−0.01, 2.36)
0.02% (−1.00, 1.03)
−0.37% (−1.40, 0.66)
−0.38% (−1.33, 0.57)
0.001

3
+ total energy
1.55% (0.36, 2.74)
1.24% (−0.06, 2.43)
0.04% (−0.98, 1.06)
−0.39% (−1.41, 0.64)
−0.37% (−1.32, 0.58)
0.001