bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving retrospective data on recent household deaths: a multi-arm randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Torrisi Orsola , Fisker Ane B , Fernandes Didier A A , Helleringer Stéphane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In countries with limited civil registration and vital statistics systems, assessing the impact of health crises requires precise retrospective mortality data. We tested whether calendar methods improve survey or census data on dates of recent household deaths registered in a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS).

Methods
Between April and June 2023, we randomized 578 households with HDSS-registered deaths in Guinea-Bissau to interviews by using (i) a standard questionnaire with close-ended questions about dates of deaths, or similar questionnaires supplemented with (ii) a physical calendar of local events printed on paper or (iii) a digital calendar implemented on tablets. We evaluated the accuracy of reported dates through record linkages to HDSS data.

Results
No deaths were reported in 11.8% of the 508 participating households. In other households (n = 448), informants reported 574 deaths since January 2020. Relative to the standard questionnaire, neither the physical calendar nor the digital calendar improved the proportion of deaths reported in the same month and year as recorded by using surveillance data. The physical and digital calendars reduced the share of missing data on dates of deaths (6.1% and 3.2%, respectively, versus 13.1% with the standard questionnaire). Reported dates of deaths obtained by using the digital calendar were more weakly correlated with surveillance data than those collected in other arms. Using the digital calendar also added 1.15 minutes to the data collection.

Conclusion
Digital calendars do not improve the reporting of dates of deaths in surveys or censuses. Further trials of the use of a physical calendar in retrospective interviews about recent household deaths are warranted.
Gauss quadrature rules for integrals involving weight functions with variable exponents and an application to weakly singular Volterra integral equations
Authors: Allouch Chafik , Milovanović Gradimir V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical integration approach that can be used to approximate on a finite interval, the integrals of functions that contain Jacobi weights with variable exponents. A modification of the integrand close to the singularities is needed, and a new modification is proposed. An application of such a rule to the numerical solution of variable-exponent weakly singular Volterra integral equations of the second kind is also explored. In the space of continuous functions, the stability and the error estimates are demonstrated, and numerical tests that validate these estimates are conducted.
Compound Poisson particle approximation for McKean–Vlasov SDEs
Authors: Zhang Xicheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a comprehensive discretization scheme for linear and nonlinear stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by either Brownian motions or $\alpha $-stable processes. Our approach utilizes compound Poisson particle approximations, allowing for simultaneous discretization of both the time and space variables in McKean–Vlasov SDEs. Notably, the approximation processes can be represented as a Markov chain with values on a lattice. Importantly, we demonstrate the propagation of chaos under relatively mild assumptions on the coefficients, including those with polynomial growth. This result establishes the convergence of the particle approximations towards the true solutions of the McKean–Vlasov SDEs. By only imposing moment conditions on the intensity measure of compound Poisson processes our approximation exhibits universality. In the case of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) we investigate scenarios where the drift term satisfies the one-sided Lipschitz assumption. We prove the optimal convergence rate for Filippov solutions in this setting. Additionally, we establish a functional central limit theorem for the approximation of ODEs and show the convergence of invariant measures for linear SDEs. As a practical application we construct a compound Poisson approximation for two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations on the torus and demonstrate the optimal convergence rate.
A water footprint inventory for a textile organization: a case study in the denim washing industry based on the integrated reverse osmosis system
Authors: Aykaç Özen Hülya , Temiz Ekin , Çoruh Semra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The consideration of scarcity and overexploitation of freshwater at the organizational level has increased interest in the water footprint (WF). The water footprint measures freshwater use for activities, taking into account water consumption and pollution contamination by classifying consumed water into groundwater and surface water (blue water), rainwater (green water), and polluted water (grey water). This study aims to identify a comprehensive WF inventory analysis for a denim washing company and assess the grey WF based on the effluent concentration of pollution indicators (chemical oxygen demand [COD], suspended solids [SS], ammonium nitrogen [NH4-N], and phenol) measured monthly in 2021. The company used well water for its operations, which constituted 61.79% of the total water use of the facility; water used by the company by reverse osmosis (RO) accounted for 37.60% of total water consumption, and rainwater made up 0.61% of the volume of water used overall. The grey water footprints of COD, SS, NH4-N, and phenol were calculated as 59,981.53 m3, 31,747.21 m3, 10,514 m3, and 48,190 m3, respectively. The results illustrate that the COD, which accounted for 40% of the pollutants, had the highest grey WF in the company, corresponding to the amount of freshwater required to assimilate pollutants to meet water quality standards. In addition, the effect of the RO system on the blue WF of this company was analyzed by considering two different scenarios. Reverse osmosis considerably affected the blue WF, accounting for over 37% of this company’s water use. It suggests that a wastewater treatment plant using RO is an ideal option for recovering water. The main contributions of this study are comprehensively assessing the water footprint components of the denim washing company and understanding sector-specific water footprint at the organization level.
P09 Exploring prescribers’ reasons for prescribing piperacillin/tazobactam in Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board
Authors: Price Sian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Using broad-spectrum antibiotics such as piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) increases the risk of antibiotic-resistant infections and Clostridioides difficile infection.1 Appropriate antibiotic prescribing in Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board (CTMUHB) is regarded as being in line with one or more of the following recommended prescribing principles (RPP):2 in accordance with CTMUHB antimicrobial guidelines;3 in accordance with culture and sensitivity results; or on the advice of a microbiologist. A snapshot audit in Princess of Wales Hospital in 2022 classed 9 out of 16 (56%) of TZP prescriptions as inappropriate.4

Objectives
To explore and describe prescribers’ reasons behind prescribing TZP outside of the RPP in CTMUHB.

Methods
A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted across the three acute sites in the Health Board, surveying all medical and non-medical prescribers (NMPs). An electronic (Microsoft Forms) self-completed, anonymous questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative questions was used to collect responses. Nominal (categorical) and ordinal (Likert scale) data were analysed and reported in terms of frequencies and percentages. Thematic analysis was used to examine the qualitative data.

Results
A total of 92 prescribers (66 medical, 26 non-medical) were included in the data analysis. Of these, 96% (n=88) stated that they were aware of the CTMUHB antimicrobial guidelines and knew how to access them. Fifty-five percent of respondents (n=51) had prescribed TZP outside of the RPP (71% of medical prescribers and 15% of NMPs). The most common reason for this was ‘consultant/senior preference’ (59% of respondents). This reason was given by 25% of NMPs (1/4) compared with 62% (29/47) of medical prescribers.

Conclusions
‘Prescribing etiquette’ and medical hierarchy in secondary care appears to be the biggest influence on prescribing5 with ‘consultant/senior preference’ being the most common reason given for prescribing outside of the RPP. This practice seems to impact medical prescribers more than NMPs. Further research in the form of focus groups or interviews with senior doctors is required to explore in more depth the reasons why they use TZP outside of the RPP.
Early and multiple doses of zoledronate mitigates rebound bone loss following withdrawal of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand inhibition
Authors: Kim Albert S , Taylor Victoria E , Castro-Martinez Ariel , Dhakal Suraj , Zamerli Amjad , Mohanty Sindhu T , Xiao Ya , Simic Marija K , Pantalone Alyssa , Chu Julian , Cheng Tegan L , Croucher Peter I , Center Jacqueline R , Girgis Christian M , McDonald Michelle M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rebound bone loss following denosumab discontinuation is an important barrier in the effective long-term treatment of skeletal disorders. This is driven by increased osteoclastic bone resorption following the offset of RANKL inhibition, and sequential osteoclast-directed therapy has been utilized to mitigate this. However, current sequential treatment strategies intervene following the offset of RANKL inhibition and this approach fails to consistently prevent bone loss. Our previous work, using a mouse model of denosumab discontinuation, has shown that the processes that drive the rebound phenomenon occur earlier than when bone loss is detected, namely a rise and overshoot in serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). We identified that these changes in serum TRAP may provide an earlier window of opportunity to intervene with sequential therapy following RANKL inhibition withdrawal. Here, we show that early treatment with zoledronate (10 mg/kg, 3 wk following the last dose of OPG:Fc), preceding the rise and overshoot in serum TRAP, effectively mitigates rebound bone density loss through preventing the overshoot in serum TRAP. Further, we show that multiple doses of zoledronate (early treatment and during anticipated BMD loss) is superior in consolidating bone density gains made with RANKL inhibition and preventing rebound BMD loss as measured by DXA. Importantly, we demonstrate the efficacy of early and multi-dose zoledronate strategy in preventing bone loss in both growing and skeletally mature mice. MicroCT analysis showed improved trabecular bone structure in both the femur and lumbar vertebrae with zoledronate treatment compared with control. These increases in bone mass translated to increased fracture resistance in skeletally mature mice. This work provides a novel approach of early and multi-dose sequential treatment strategy following withdrawal of RANKL inhibition, contributing valuable insight into the clinical management of patients who discontinue denosumab therapy.
Preterm birth and risk of bone fractures during childhood and early adulthood
Authors: Alenius Suvi , Miettinen Maija E , Nurhonen Markku , Salmi Samuli , Näsänen-Gilmore Pieta , Haaramo Peija , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Vääräsmäki Marja , Gissler Mika , Mäkitie Outi , Hovi Petteri , Kajantie Eero 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
People born preterm have reduced BMD, subnormal peak bone mass, and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Whether this translates to increased risk of bone fractures is uncertain. We assessed fracture risk from childhood to early adulthood in relation to gestational age and sex by conducting a nationwide register-linkage cohort study comprising all 223 615 liveborn (January 1987–September 1990) singletons (9161, 4.1%; preterm) in Finland. Cox regression models provided hazard ratios (HRs) for fracture diagnosis in public specialty health care in both first and recurrent event settings during the whole follow-up (0–29 years) and during different age periods (0–4, 5–9, 10–29 years). Gestational age was considered categorical (full-term, 39–41 weeks; reference). A total of 39 223 (17.5%) children or young adults had at least 1 fracture. In analyses not stratified by sex, only extremely preterm birth (&lt;28 completed weeks’ gestation) was associated with risk of bone fracture at 0–29 years (adjusted HR [aHR]: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.28–0.74) compared with those born full-term. Among females, gestational age was unrelated to fracture risk at 0–29 years. Among males, extremely and very preterm (28–31 weeks) birth was associated with lower risk of fracture at 0–29 years compared with those born full-term (aHR: 0.38 [95% CI: 0.21–0.71] and 0.75 [95% CI: 0.59–0.95], respectively). Restricting the analyses to the individuals without severe medical condition(s) attenuated the associations. However, the fracture risk varied according age and sex: at 10–29 years, moderately preterm (32–33 weeks) females and extremely and very preterm males had a lower risk (aHR: 0.63 [0.43–0.94], 0.35 [0.17–0.69], and 0.74 [0.57–0.95], respectively), while late-preterm birth (34–36 weeks) was associated with a 1.6-fold higher risk among females at 0–5 years, and a 1.4-fold risk among males at 5–10 years. Analyses on recurrent fractures showed a similar pattern. Children and young adults, in particular males, born extremely or very preterm may have fewer bone fractures; this is partly explained by severe medical conditions in this group.
Tissue-specific modulation of CRISPR activity by miRNA-sensing guide RNAs
Authors: Garcia-Guerra Antonio , Sathyaprakash Chaitra , de Jong Olivier G , Lim Wooi F , Vader Pieter , El Andaloussi Samir , Bath Jonathan , Reine Jesus , Aoki Yoshitsugu , Turberfield Andrew J , Wood Matthew J A , Rinaldi Carlo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nucleic acid nanostructures offer unique opportunities for biomedical applications due to their sequence-programmable structures and functions, which enable the design of complex responses to molecular cues. Control of the biological activity of therapeutic cargoes based on endogenous molecular signatures holds the potential to overcome major hurdles in translational research: cell specificity and off-target effects. Endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used to profile cell type and cell state, and are ideal inputs for RNA nanodevices. Here, we present CRISPR MiRAGE (miRNA-activated genome editing), a tool comprising a dynamic single-guide RNA that senses miRNA complexed with Argonaute proteins and controls downstream CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) activity based on the detected miRNA signature. We study the operation of the miRNA-sensing single-guide RNA and attain muscle-specific activation of gene editing through CRISPR MiRAGE in models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. By enabling RNA-controlled gene editing activity, this technology creates opportunities to advance tissue-specific CRISPR treatments for human diseases.
Fractionated reirradiation of recurrent high-grade gliomas: Safety with higher reirradiation dose and larger targets
Authors: LeCompte Michael C , Vuppala Neil , Reyes Juan M , Page Brandi , Croog Victoria , Huang Ellen , Redmond Kristin J , Kleinberg Lawrence R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The optimal regimen, normal tissue tolerances, and appropriate indications for reirradiation for recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) are uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine whether higher reirradiation dose was associated with toxicity or survival.

Methods
Patients with HGG treated with fractionated reirradiation at a single institution from 2007 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Metrics evaluated included overall survival (OS), prognostic factors for survival, and treatment-related toxicity.

Results
Two hundred and thirty patients with recurrent HGG were reviewed. Median follow-up was 8.8 months. Median reirradiation dose was 41.4 Gy with 80.4% receiving concurrent systemic therapy. Median cumulative maximum doses to brainstem and optic structures were 77.9 Gy (range: 4.6–146.0 Gy) and 55.1 Gy (3.3–106.3 Gy), respectively. No injuries to these structures were identified. Radiation necrosis (RN) was identified in 9.4%. There were no significant associations between RN and target size, systemic therapy use, or reirradiation dose. Median OS was 10.2 months from reirradiation start. On multivariate analysis, improved OS was associated with better KPS, longer interval between radiotherapy sessions, reirradiation at first recurrence, and reirradiation dose ≥ 41.4 Gy. Median OS for those with IDH wildtype glioblastoma was 8.7 months. On multivariate analysis of an IDH wildtype disease subanalysis, improved OS was associated with longer interval between radiotherapy sessions and higher reirradiation dose.

Conclusions
These data support the safety and efficacy of fractionated reirradiation for recurrent HGG. They suggest higher reirradiation dose may be feasible, including for large treatment volumes and for tumors near the brainstem or optic structures.
Emergence of infective endocarditis due to Serratia spp.: Results of a multicenter cohort
Authors: McCrary L Madeline , Slain Douglas , Shah Sunish , Stoner Bobbi Jo , Marx Ashley H , Schranz Asher J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis due to Serratia spp. (S-IE) has historically been considered a rare entity. Typically linked to injection drug use (IDU), S-IE appears to be a growing problem as the harms of unsafe drug use proliferate. However, guidance on therapy for gram-negative IE remains limited.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of adults treated for S-IE at 4 academic health systems in different US states from 2015-2021. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association of inpatient mortality with procedural management and combination antibiotic treatment.

Results
159 cases of S-IE were identified with a qualitative overall increase across the period, and a peak in 2019, although trends varied by site. 75% were due to IDU, 57% involved a single left-sided valve and inpatient mortality was 21%. In adjusted analyses, including 117 cases from 3 sites, lower inpatient mortality was associated with procedural intervention (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.64) and combination antibiotic therapy (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.74).

Discussion
In this multicenter study, we found that S-IE may be increasing, commonly associated with IDU, is treated with varying strategies and carries high inpatient mortality. Procedural intervention and combination antibiotics were associated with lower mortality. Our study is limited by varying methods of case identification and a lack of data on clinical severity and surgical indications. Further study is urgently needed to define best management practices.
Jacob Brucker, Critical History of Philosophy: 'Preliminary Discourse' and 'On The Socratic School'
Authors: 9780192662804  , Catana Leo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The German historian and minister Johann Jacob Brucker (1696–1770) is widely recognized as the father of modern historiography of philosophy. In 1742–1744, he published his Historia critica philosophiae in Leipzig. The second edition was published in 1766–1767. The Historia was the most comprehensive history of philosophy produced in the eighteenth-century, influencing general histories of philosophy and many encyclopedia over the following two hundred years. It is important for both contemporary philosophers and historians of philosophy to be aware of Brucker’s work, given that many of our modern assumptions pertaining to the discipline of the history of philosophy ultimately derive from his work: methodological concepts (e.g. ‘system of philosophy’); mechanisms of admittance and non-admittance to the canon (e.g. criteria concerning the philosopher’s style of philosophizing, gender, nationality, geographical origin, religion); and broad characterizations of periods in the history of philosophy (e.g. ‘Neoplatonism’) in many cases relate back to Brucker’s Historia. If we want to achieve an unbiased and rational discussion of philosophy’s past, it is important to have access to the sources which have informed our understanding and evaluation of the history of philosophy. Unfortunately, Brucker’s Latin text is inaccessible to most contemporary readers, and there is currently no English translation available. The present book provides a partial translation of his work, namely the Preliminary Discourse, outlining the methodological precepts, and On the Socratic School, illustrating how these precepts were put into practice and providing a unique insight into the eighteenth-century debate about Socrates and his school.
Introduction
Authors: Robertson Katie , Wilson Alastair 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the overall aims and themes of this volume and relates them to the individual chapters. It first presents and compares different conceptions of levels of explanation which have figured in philosophy of science and in philosophy more broadly, distinguishing explanatory levels from related accounts of levels including compositional levels and levels of organization. It then identifies some themes which unite the chapters of the volume: the function of explanatory levels in scientific and philosophical reasoning, the implications of using models which span different explanatory levels, and the prospects for different levels of explanation of the phenomenon of levels of explanation itself. It concludes with summaries of the individual chapters, highlighting their connections to the broader themes of the volume.
How the Reductionist Should Respond to the Multiscale Argument, and What This Tells Us About Levels
Authors: Franklin Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent literature has raised the multiscale argument against reduction (see, e.g., Batterman (2013), Bursten (2018), Wilson (2017)). These authors observe that numerous successful scientific models appeal to features and properties from a wide range of spatial/temporal scales. This is taken to undermine views that the world is sharply divided into distinct levels, roughly corresponding to different scales, and that each higher level is reducible to the next lowest level. In this chapter I show that this does not undermine a version of reduction that accepts methodological pluralism in science, yet maintains that the adequacy of any model can be explained by appeal to details at smaller scales. I go on to discuss a case study—dislocations in steel—used by Batterman and Wilson in defence of the multiscale argument. I conclude by arguing that, in light of the multiscale argument, an attenuated conception of levels is required.
Exclusion Excluded
Authors: Weslake Brad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The non-reductive physicalist would like to believe that mental properties are not identical to physical properties; that there are complete causal explanations of all events in terms of physical properties; and that there are sometimes explanations of events in terms of mental properties. However, some have argued that these claims cannot all be true, since they are collectively inconsistent with a principle of causal exclusion. This chapter argues that the best formulation of the interventionist theory of causation entails the falsity of the exclusion principle. However, it does so at the cost of revealing a weakness in the interventionist theory itself.