bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It Makes a Village: Child Care and Prosociality *
Authors: Cassar Alessandra , Cristia Alejandrina , Grosjean Pauline , Walker Sarah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We examine a novel hypothesis that roots human prosociality in the need to elicit and sustain help from others for the purpose of raising children. Cross-cultural ethnographic data suggests a positive association between societal trust and allomaternal care, i.e., care coming from individuals other than the mother. In this study, we test the relationship between allomaternal care and cooperative behavior among a sample of 820 individuals in the Solomon Islands through a series of dictator games using a within-subject design that enables us to account for unobserved heterogeneity across subjects, as well as several observed and unobserved characteristics of the relationship between individuals and specific people in their network (relatives, acquaintances, and strangers). Our results show that receiving help with child care predicts heightened proso-ciality. This relationship remains strong even after accounting for other forms of mutual help. Moreover, help from non-relatives is associated with prosociality toward strangers, suggesting an important foundation for the development of impersonal prosociality. As evidence of a mechanism sustaining the prevalence of allomaternal care, we document large socio-cognitive benefits to children who receive care from non-relatives, based on stress data and daylong vocalizations of 200 children analyzed using a multilingually-trained neural network.
JEL Codes: I15, O15, Z13
Climate-related Disaster and Human Capital Investment in the Global South — Household Heterogeneity and Growth
Authors: Yokomatsu Muneta , Schinko Thomas , Mochizuki Junko , Rezai Armon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study develops a dynamic model of climate-related disaster impacts, considering multidimensional household heterogeneity, for analyzing changes in growth and inequality in low-income countries. Focusing on human capital development, the study demonstrates the multiple impacts of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies on human capital investment, including the effect of schooling opportunities for households constrained by the subsistence consumption constraint. Through numerical simulations performed for two economies that differ in terms of human capital, modeled after Madagascar and Fiji, it is illustrated that the possibilities of involuntary unemployment and the work-learning choice drive the diversity in macroeconomic impacts of a disaster. In an economy characterized by low levels of human capital, a disaster could cause an increase in labor supply in the immediate aftermath, but interrupt human capital formation, impeding long-term growth and human capital formation. Such a result contradicts prevailing intuition by demonstrating that a disaster occurring in an economy under recession may not result in a large adverse GDP impact in the short run but may negatively impact growth in the long run. On such a path, a policy of development in DRR infrastructure with appropriate taxation could reduce human-capital gaps in the long run by supporting continued post-disaster human-capital-investment opportunities for the poor.
Analysis of Patient flow through general medical wards at a Tertiary Academic Hospital
Authors: Hunter Mehreen , Peters Shrikant , Khumalo Nontuthuko , Davies Mary-Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The challenge of enhancing service delivery to meet the needs of a growing and aging population, whilst minimizing expense, is a global concern. There is an urgent need to understand and quantify systemic gaps in the efficient delivery of healthcare services. Movement of patients through a health establishment is a complex activity reliant upon multi-actor co-ordination across departments. Stagnation has negative impacts on both staff and patients by increasing risks of adverse outcomes, staff frustration and job dissatisfaction. An inefficient discharge process can be a significant barrier to timely patient movement. Discharge planning has been adopted in many high-income countries to ensure standardization and process efficiency. However, the heterogeneity of healthcare facilities and their challenges needs to be understood to implement targeted and effective discharge planning.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a central hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa to assess the journey of medical patients from admission to discharge. We reviewed the folders of eligible patients using a data-extraction tool to ascertain reasons for admission and barriers to timely discharge.
Results
Among 86 patient folders reviewed, cumulatively accounting for 596 in-patient days, a difference in the median length of in-patient stay between medical firms (p = 0.042) was noted. The shortest length of stay corresponded to firms with the greatest proportion of daily senior oversight (defined as documented patient reviews by a registrar, medical officer and/or consultant independently or in addition to reviews done for the day by interns and students). Firm 5 had a median length of stay of 5 days with 64% senior oversight and Firm 2 with the lowest senior oversight at 26% had amongst the longest lengths of stay at 8 days. While 52% of patients vacated their beds between 14:00 and 17:00, 66% of patients were admitted after 20:00. Reasons for prolonged admission were variable, and attributable to a range of different disciplines across the multidisciplinary team.
Conclusion
Delays in discharge were multi-factorial, highlighting the need for a standardized discharge process. Increasing senior oversight could assist in enhancing efficient patient movement.
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sumiea Ebrahim Hamid , AbdulKadir Said Jadid , Al-Selwi Safwan Mahmood , Alqushaibi Alawi , Ragab Mohammed Gamal , Fati Suliman Mohamed , Alhussian Hitham Seddig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has gained significant adoption in diverse fields and applications, mainly due to its proficiency in resolving complicated decision-making problems in spaces with high-dimensional states and actions. Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is a well-known DRL algorithm that adopts an actor-critic approach, synthesizing the advantages of value-based and policy-based reinforcement learning methods. The aim of this study is to provide a thorough examination of the latest developments, patterns, obstacles, and potential opportunities related to DDPG. A systematic search was conducted using relevant academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) to identify 85 relevant studies published in the last five years (2018-2023). We provide a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and components of DDPG, including its formulation, implementation, and training. Then, we highlight the various applications and domains of DDPG, including Autonomous Driving, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Resource Allocation, Communications and the Internet of Things, Robotics, and Finance. Additionally, we provide an in-depth comparison of DDPG with other DRL algorithms and traditional RL methods, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. We believe that this review will be an essential resource for researchers, offering them valuable insights into the methods and techniques utilized in the field of DRL and DDPG.
Machine Learning for Solubility Prediction
Authors: Zheng Tianyuan , Mitchell John B. O. , Dobson Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The solubility of a chemical in water is a critical parameter in drug development and other fields such as environmental chemistry and agrochemistry, but itsin silicoprediction presents a formidable challenge. Here, we apply a suite of graph-based machine learning algorithms to the benchmark problems posed over several years in international ``solubility challenges'', and also to our own newly-compiled dataset of over 11,000 compounds. We find that graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and graph attention networks (GATs) both show excellent predictive power against these datasets. Although not executed under competition conditions, these approaches achieve better scores in several instances than the best models available at the time. They offer an incremental, but still significant, improvement when compared against a range of existing cheminformatics approaches.
Modeling and characterization of TES-based detectors for the Ricochet experiment
Authors: Chen Ran , Figueroa-Feliciano Enectali , Bratrud Grace , Kennard Kyle Tanner , Mateo Lidabel Ovalle , Novati Valentina , Schmidt Benjamin , Raha Nandita , Rodriguez Alejandro , Chang Clarence , Lisovenko Marharyta , Wang Gensheng , Yefremenko Volodymyr , Zhang Jianjie , Hertel Scott , Pinckney H. Douglas , Patel Pratyush , Chaplinsky Luke , Veihmeyer Charles , Hong Ziqing , Cudmore Elspeth , Formaggio Joseph A. , Li Mingyu , Mayer Daniel W. , Harrington Patrick , Stachurska Juliana , Winslow Lindley , Reyes Faith , De Pontseele Wouter Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of the CEvNS spectrum at the Institut Laue–Langevin nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment plans to employ an array of cryogenic thermal detectors, each with a mass around 30 g and an energy threshold of sub-100 eV.The array includes nine detectors read out by Transition-Edge Sensors (TES). These TES based detectors will also serve as demonstrators for future neutrino experiments with thousands of detectors.In this article we present an update in the characterization and modeling of a prototype TES detector.
An Update on Glutathione's Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Functions, and
Medicinal Purposes
Authors: Gasmi Amin , Nasreen Aniqa , Lenchyk Larysa , Lysiuk Roman , Peana Massimiliano , Shapovalova Nataliya , Piscopo Salva , Komisarenko Mykola , Shanaida Mariia , Smetanina Kateryna , Antonyak Halyna , Fira Liudmyla , Lykhatskyi Petro , Fira Dmytro , Bjørklund Geir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Glutathione (GSH) has been the focus of increased scientific interest in the last
decades. It plays a crucial role in all major physiological processes by supplying antioxidant
defenses through participating in cellular redox reactions in the human body and other
living organisms. GSH also participates in detoxifying xenobiotics, protecting protein
thiols from crosslinking and oxidation, regulating the cell cycle, storing cysteine, etc. The
significant role of GSH in the most important physiological processes has been highlighted,
such as maintaining the redox balance and reducing oxidative stress due to its ability
to inactivate the reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. It can also enhance metabolic
detoxification and regulate the function of the immune system. All of these characteristics
make it a universal biomarker since its proper balance is essential for improving
health and treating some age-related disorders. This review presents a current concept of
the synthesis and metabolism of GSH; its main functions in a living organism, and as a
precursor and cofactor; data on the use of GSH for medicinal purposes in the prevention
and treatment of some diseases, as well as a nutritional strategy to maintain a normal pool
of GSH in the body. The data were gathered by searching relevant information in multiple
databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.
Targeting SmCB1: Perspectives and Insights to Design Antischistosomal
Drugs
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor José , Albino Sonaly Lima , da Silva Menezes Karla Joane , de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti Misael , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana , Mali Suraj N. , de Moura Ricardo Olimpio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are prevalent in tropical and subtropical
countries, and schistosomiasis is among the most relevant diseases worldwide. In addition,
one of the two biggest problems in developing drugs against this disease is related to drug
resistance, which promotes the demand to develop new drug candidates for this purpose.
Thus, one of the drug targets most explored, Schistosoma mansoni Cathepsin B1 (SmCB1
or Sm31), provides new opportunities in drug development due to its essential functions
for the parasite's survival. In this way, here, the latest developments in drug design studies
targeting SmCB1 were approached, focusing on the most promising analogs of nitrile, vinyl
sulphones, and peptidomimetics. Thus, it was shown that despite being a disease
known since ancient times, it remains prevalent throughout the world, with high mortality
rates. The therapeutic arsenal of antischistosomal drugs (ASD) consists only of praziquantel,
which is widely used for this purpose and has several advantages, such as efficacy and
safety. However, it has limitations, such as the impossibility of acting on the immature
worm and exploring new targets to overcome these limitations. SmCB1 shows its potential
as a cysteine protease with a catalytic triad consisting of Cys100, His270, and Asn290.
Thus, design studies of new inhibitors focus on their catalytic mechanism for designing
new analogs. In fact, nitrile and sulfonamide analogs show the most significant potential
in drug development, showing that these chemical groups can be better exploited in drug
discovery against schistosomiasis. We hope this manuscript guides the authors in searching
for promising new antischistosomal drugs.
Review on Molecular Mechanism of Hypertensive Nephropathy
Authors: Peng Zhen , Xu Qiaohong , Hu Wen , Cheng Yimin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Hypertension, a prevalent chronic ailment, has the potential to impair kidney function, and thereby
resulting in hypertensive nephropathy. The escalating incidence of hypertensive nephropathy attributed to the
aging population in urban areas, has emerged as a prominent cause of end-stage renal disease. Nevertheless,
the intricate pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy poses considerable obstacles in terms of precise clinical
diagnosis and treatment. This paper aims to consolidate the research findings on the pathogenesis of hypertensive
nephropathy by focusing on the perspective of molecular biology.
Targeting Lysyl Oxidase as a Potential Therapeutic Approach to Reducing
Fibrotic Scars Post-operatively: Its Biological Role in Post-Surgical Scar
Development
Authors: Sabbagh Mahin Ghorban , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Khodashahi Rozita , Ferns Gordon-A , Rahimi Hoda , Ashrafzadeh Kiarash , Tavakkoli Mahmoud , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Abdominal and pelvic surgery, or any surgical injury of the peritoneum, often leads to
chronic abdominal adhesions that may lead to bowel obstruction, infertility, and pain. Current therapeutic
strategies are usually ineffective, and the pathological mechanisms of the disease are unclear.
Excess collagen cross-linking is a key mediator for extra-cellular matrix deposition and fibrogenesis.
Lysyl oxidase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of stabilizing cross-links in
collagen. Dysregulation of Lysyl oxidase (Lox) expressing upregulates collagen cross-linking,
leading ECM deposition. Tissue hypoxia during surgery induces molecular mechanisms and active
transcription factors to promote the expression of several genes related to inflammation, oxidative
stress, and fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor beta, and Lox. Studies have shown
that targeting Lox improves clinical outcomes and fibrotic parameters in liver, lung, and myocardial
fibrosis, therefore, Lox may be a potential drug target in the prevention of postsurgical adhesion.
Applications of Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: Current Utilization and
Future Prospective
Authors: Yadav Shikha , Khan Javed , Yadav Agrima 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Current regenerative medicine tactics focus on regenerating tissue structures pathologically
modified by cell transplantation in combination with supporting scaffolds and biomolecules.
Natural and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic and hybrid materials, and tissue decellularized
were deemed biomaterials scaffolding because of their improved structural, mechanical,
and biological abilities.Various biomaterials, existing treatment methodologies and emerging technologies
in the field of Three-dimensional (3D) and hydrogel processing, and the unique fabric
concerns for tissue engineering. A scaffold that acts as a transient matrix for cell proliferation and
extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent expansion, is needed to restore or regenerate the
tissue. Diverse technologies are combined to produce porous tissue regenerative and tailored release
of bioactive substances in applications of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering scaffolds
are crucial ingredients. This paper discusses an overview of the various scaffold kinds and their
material features and applications. Tabulation of the manufacturing technologies for fabric engineering
and equipment, encompassing the latest fundamental and standard procedures.
Development of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyethylene Glycol Copolymer-based
Orodispersible Films Loaded with Entecavir: Formulation and In vitro
Characterization
Authors: Wei Teng , Zhou Bing-yu , Wu Xin-Hong , Liu Xue-Ai , Huo Ming-Wei , Huang Xiang-Xiang , Shi Ling-Zhi , Shi Li-Li , Cao Qin-Ri 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
The aim of the study is to prepare entecavir (ETV)-loaded orodispersible films
(ODFs) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer (Kollicoat® IR) as
a film-forming agent, and further to evaluate the dissolution rate, mechanical and physicochemical
properties of films.

Methods:
ETV-ODFs were prepared by a solvent casting method. The amount of film-forming agent,
plasticizer, and disintegrating agent was optimized in terms of the appearance, thickness, disintegration
time and mechanical properties of ODFs. The compatibility between the drug and each excipient
was conducted under high temperature (60 °C), high humidity (RH 92.5%), and strong light (4500
Lx) for 10 days. The dissolution study of optimal ODFs compared with the original commercial tablet
(Baraclude®) was performed using a paddle method in pH 1.0, pH 4.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4 media at
37 °C. The morphology of ODFs was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical
properties such as tensile strength (TS), elastic modulus (EM), and percentage elongation
(E%) of ODFs were evaluated using the universal testing machine. The physicochemical properties of
ODFs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Results:
The related substances were less than 0.5% under high temperature, high humidity, and
strong light for 10 days when ETV was mixed with excipients. The optimal formulation of ODFs was
set as the quality ratio of Kollicoat® IR, glycerol, sodium alginate (ALG-Na): TiO2: MCC+CMC-Na:
ETV was 60:9:12:1:1:1. The drug-loaded ODFs were white and translucent with excellent stripping
property. The thickness, disintegration time, EM, TS, and E% were 103.33±7.02 μm, 25.31±1.95 s,
25.34±8.69 Mpa, 2.14±0.26 Mpa, and 65.45±19.41 %, respectively. The cumulative drug release
from ODFs was more than 90% in four different media at 10 min. The SEM showed that the drug
was highly dispersible in ODFs, and the XRD, DSC, and FT-IR results showed that there occurred
some interactions between the drug and excipients.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the developed ETV-loaded ODFs showed relatively short disintegration
time, rapid drug dissolution, and excellent mechanical properties. This might be an alternative to
conventional ETV Tablets for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Protein Dynamics Mediated by Cardiolipin in Bacteria
Authors: Wang Yanyang , Chen Jiawen , Hang Liyang , Zhu Jichao , Qiang Xinhua , Yang Mingjian , Sun Xiangliang , Wang Sha , Zhou Hongchang , Lin Yibin , Shao Shengwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Bacterial proteins targeting the appropriate subcellular sites are the base for their proper
function. Several studies have shown that the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), a conical
lipid preferring negative membrane curvature, modulates the lipid bilayers’ structure, which impacts
the activity of their resident proteins. Due to the favor of negative membrane curvature, CL
is not randomly distributed in the bacterial plasma membrane. In contrast, it gathers in particular
parts of the cell membrane to form microdomains, in which many functional membrane proteins
are accumulated and carry out diverse physiological processes of bacteria, such as cell division,
metabolism, infection, and antibiotic residence. In addition, CL has a unique structure that carries
two negative charges, which makes it play a pivotal role in protein assembly, interaction, and location.
These characteristics of CL make it closely related to many crucial physiological functions of
bacteria. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism of protein dynamics mediated by CL initiated on
the bacterial membrane. Furthermore, we studied the effect of CL on bacterial infection and antibiotic
residence. Finally, the CL-targeting therapeutic agents for antibacterial therapy are also examined.
A Concise Review of Synthetic Strategy, Mechanism of Action, and SAR Studies of Phthalazine Derivatives as Anticancer Agent
Authors: Arya Girish Chandra , Sharma Rajiv , Mehla Shefali 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Colorectal cancer is the third foremost cause of death in women and men.
Globally, about 1.94 million colon cancer cases were diagnosed and around 0.93 million patients
died in the previous year.

Introduction:
Several drugs have been permitted by the Food And Drug Administration (FDA) for
the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main difficulties of current drugs are the expansion of resistance
issues, target selectivity issues and toxicity issues. The existing therapies, such as surgery
and hormonal therapy, are in use but exhibit numerous adverse effects, such as pharmacokinetic
issues and pharmacodynamic issues. Hence, hereby is a crucial requirement of novel moieties that
are peaceable and efficient in the handling of colorectal cancer.

Methods:
Phthalazine derivatives have expanded admiration over a few years due to their efficient
anticancer significance. These Phthalazine derivatives exhibit anticancer activity by targeting various
mechanisms such as apoptosis induction, tubulin polymerization inhibition, EGFR inhibition, and
aurora kinase inhibition.

Results:
In this study, we have focused on the Structural Activity relationship, numerous synthetic
strategies and mechanism of action of phthalazine derivatives for potential treatment of cancer.

Conclusion:
Among some of phthalazine derivative compounds not only induced antiproliferative
activity even also improved bioavailability and reduced side effects, like 4-(phthalazine-1-yl) aniline
with (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.11 μM), and 4-phthalazin-1-yl-amino) benzonitrile (IC50 = 1.20 μM), 4-((5-
methyl-pyrazole-3-yl) amino)-2-phenylphthalazin-1-one (IC50 = 0.031 μM) and 4-((5-methylpyrazole-
3-yl) amino)-2-(p-tolyl)phthalazin-1-one (IC50 = 0.065 μM). Therefore, this study would be
the inspiration for the betterment of human health.