bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Robust yet Deconstructable and Chemically Recyclable High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE)‐Like Materials Based on Si−O Bonds
Authors: Johnson Alayna M. , Johnson Jeremiah A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) is the most widely produced synthetic polymer. By installing chemically cleavable bonds into the backbone of PE, it is possible to produce chemically deconstructable PE derivatives; to date, however, such designs have primarily relied on carbonyl‐ and olefin‐related functional groups. Bifunctional silyl ethers (BSEs; SiR2(OR′2)) could expand the functional scope of PE mimics as they possess strong Si−O bonds and facile chemical tunability. Here, we report BSE‐containing high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)‐like materials synthesized through a one‐pot catalytic ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and hydrogenation sequence. The crystallinity of these materials can be adjusted by varying the BSE concentration or the steric bulk of the Si‐substituents, providing handles to control thermomechanical properties. Two methods for chemical recycling of HDPE mimics are introduced, including a circular approach that leverages acid‐catalyzed Si−O bond exchange with 1‐propanol. Additionally, despite the fact that the starting HDPE mimics were synthesized by chain‐growth polymerization (ROMP), we show that it is possible to recover the molar mass and dispersity of recycled HDPE products using step‐growth Si−O bond formation or exchange, generating high molecular weight recycled HDPE products with mechanical properties similar to commercial HDPE.
Modeling of bioprocess pre‐stages for optimization of perfusion profiles and increased process understanding
Authors: Pogodaev Aleksandr , Hernández Rodríguez Tanja , Li Mengyao , García Münzer David Gerardo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImproving bioprocess efficiency is important to reduce the current costs of biologics on the market, bring them faster to the market, and to improve the environmental footprint. The process intensification efforts were historically focused on the main stage, while intensification of pre‐stages has started to gain attention only in the past decade. Performing bioprocess pre‐stages in the perfusion mode is one of the most efficient options to achieve higher viable cell densities over traditional batch methods. While the perfusion‐mode operation allows to reach higher viable cell densities, it also consumes large amount of medium, making it cost‐intensive. The change of perfusion rate during a process (perfusion profile) determines how much medium is consumed, thereby running a process in optimal conditions is key to reduce medium consumption. However, the selection of the perfusion profile is often made empirically, without full understanding of bioprocess dynamics. This fact is hindering potential process improvements and means for cost reduction. In this study, we propose a process modeling approach to identify the optimal perfusion profile during bioprocess pre‐stages. The developed process model was used internally during process development. We could reduce perfused medium volume by 25%–45% (project‐dependent), while keeping the difference in the final cell within 5%–10% compared to the original settings. Additionally, the model helps to reduce the experimental workload by 30%–70% and to predict an optimal perfusion profile when process conditions need to be changed (e.g., higher seeding density, change of operating mode from batch to perfusion, etc.). This study demonstrates the potential of process modeling as a powerful tool for optimizing bioprocess pre‐stages and thereby guiding process development, improving overall bioprocess efficiency, and reducing operational costs, while strongly reducing the need for wet‐lab experiments.
Meso‐ and thermophilic posttreatment of press water coming from a thermophilic municipal solid waste digester
Authors: Prem Eva Maria , Markt Rudolf , Wunderer Mathias , Wagner Andreas Otto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn efficient biogas production out of organic (waste) materials is important to contribute to a carbon‐neutral future. In this study, thermophilic press water (PW) coming from an organic fraction of the municipal solid waste digester was further digested in a thermo‐ and mesophilic posttreatment approach using two semicontinuous 14 L digesters. The results showed that the PW can still have considerable high biogas potential—at least during the touristic high season in central Europe. The change in temperature led to an increase in volatile fatty acid concentrations and a decrease in biogas production in the mesophilic approach in the first days. However, the losses in biogas production at the beginning could be compensated thus there were no considerable differences in biogas production between thermo‐ and mesophilic posttreatment at the end of incubation. This can most probably be contributed to a change in the microbial community, and potentially problematic intermediates like valerate could be better degraded in the mesophilic reactor. Especially the abundance of representatives of the phylum Bacteroidota, like Fermentimonas spp., increased during mesophilic anaerobic digestion.
Prediction of liver and lung metastases in patients with early‐onset colorectal cancer by nomograms based on heterogeneous and homogenous risk factors
Authors: E Yimin , Sun Sizheng , Fan Xiaoyu , Lu Chen , Ji Pengcheng , Huang Yicheng , Sun Jing , Yang Xiaojun , Yu Chunzhao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying the risk factors for distant metastasis in early‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is crucial for elucidating its etiology and facilitating preventive treatment. This study aims to characterize the variability in EOCRC incidence and discern both heterogeneous and homogeneous risk factors associated with synchronous liver, lung, and hepato‐lung metastases.MethodsThis study included patients with EOCRC enrolled in the SEER database between 2010 and 2015 and divided patients into three groups by synchronous liver, lung, and hepato‐lung metastases. Each group of patients with different metastasis types was randomly assigned to the development and validation cohort in a ratio of 7:3. Logistic regression was used to analyze the heterogeneous and homogenous risk factors for synchronous liver, lung, and hepato‐lung metastases in the development cohort of patients. Nomograms were built to calculate the risk of metastasis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were used to quantitatively evaluate their performance.ResultsA total of 16,336 eligible patients with EOCRC were included in this study, of which 17.90% (2924/16,336) had distant metastases. The overall incidences of synchronous liver, lung, and hepato‐lung metastases were 11.90% (1921/16,146), 2.42% (390/16,126), and 1.50% (241/16,108), respectively. Positive CEA values before treatment, increased lymphatic metastases, and deeper invasion of intestinal wall were positively correlated with three distant types of metastases. On the contrary, the correlation of age, ethnicity, location of primary tumor, and histologic grade among the three types was inconsistent. The ROC curve and calibration curve proved to have fine performance in predicting distant metastases of EOCRC.ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the incidence of distant metastases in EOCRC, and related risk factors are heterogeneous and homogenous. Although limited risk factors were incorporated in this study, the established nomograms indicated good predictive performance.
Essential cancer medicines and cancer outcomes: Cross‐sectional study of 124 countries
Authors: Ikpeni Oghenefejiro (Theresa) , Maraj Darshanand , Woods Hannah , Workentin Aine , Booth Christopher M. , Persaud Nav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Alongside other interventions, access to certain medicines may decrease cancer‐associated mortality. Listing medicines on national essential medicines lists may improve health outcomes. We examine the association between cancer mortality amenable to care and the listing of cancer medicines on national essential medicines lists (NEMLs) of 124 countries.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we determined the number of medicines used to treat eight cancers on NEMLs and used multiple linear regression to analyze the association between cancer health outcome scores and the number of medicines on NEMLs while controlling for GDP. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted using selected medicines.FindingsThe number of cancer medicines on NEMLs was not associated with cancer health outcome scores when GDP was controlled for non‐melanoma skin (p = 0.224), uterine (p = 0.221), breast (p = 0.145), Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.697), colon (p = 0.299), leukemia (p = 0.103), cervical (p = 0.834), and testicular cancers (p = 0.178).InterpretationThere was a weak association between listing medicines for eight cancers in NEMLs and amenable mortality. Further studies are required to explore association between cancer health outcomes and other factors such as actual availability of medicines listed, access to surgeries, accurate diagnosis, radiotherapy, and early detection.
ENAH‐202 promotes cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating ZNF502/VIM axis
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Chen Xi , Sun Dongyuan , Song Ning , Li Minmin , Zheng Wentian , Yu Yang , Ding Gang , Jiang Yingying 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to demonstrate the regulatory effect of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) ENAH‐202 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development as well as its molecular mechanism.MethodsWe detected ENAH‐202 expression in OSCC tissues and cell lines by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). The biological function of ENAH‐202 was assessed in vitro and in vivo using CCK‐8, colony formation assays, transwell assays, xenograft formation, and tail vein injection. The further molecular mechanism by which ENAH‐202 promoted OSCC progression was identified using RNA pull‐down, LS‐MS/MS analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays.ResultsENAH‐202 was significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and cells. ENAH‐202 promoted OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. The expression of enabled homolog (ENAH) and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins was changed with the expression of ENAH‐202. Moreover, ENAH‐202 promoted the transcription of Vimentin (VIM) by binding with ZNF502, which can help ENAH‐202 promote OSCC progression.ConclusionsENAH‐202 facilitated OSCC cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating ZNF502/VIM axis, which played an important role in OSCC progression.
Cancer stage at diagnosis: Comparison of insurance status in SEER to the Department of Defense Cancer Registry
Authors: Flanary James T. , Lin Jie , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMilitary individuals, retirees, and their families have free care or minimal out‐of‐pocket costs in the US military health system (MHS). In contrast, out‐of‐pocket costs in the US general population vary substantially. This study compared cancer patients with various insurance types in the general population to those in the MHS in cancer stage at diagnosis.MethodsPatients were identified from the US Department of Defense's (DoD) Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Tumor stage at diagnosis of breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers during 2007–2013 was compared between ACTUR and SEER insurance categories of “insured,” “insured‐no specifics,” “any Medicaid,” and “uninsured,” A multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratio (OR) of late stage (Stages III and IV) versus early stage (Stages I and II) cancers comparing SEER insurance status to ACTUR.ResultsThere were 18,440 eligible patients identified from ACTUR and 831,959 patients identified from SEER. For all cancer types, patients in the SEER‐insured/no specifics, Medicaid, and uninsured groups had significantly greater likelihood of late stage diagnosis compared to ACTUR patients. The adjusted ORs were greatest among uninsured and Medicaid patients. The SEER‐insured group also had a significantly higher odds of advanced stage disease than ACTUR patients for prostate cancer and lung cancer.ConclusionPatients in the MHS with universal access to healthcare were diagnosed at an earlier stage than those in the general population. This difference was most evident compared to Medicaid and uninsured groups.
Circulating inflammatory cytokines in relation to the risk of renal cell carcinoma: A gender‐specific two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tao Shuixiang , Lin Yiwei , Huang Shengqiang , Lin Shen , Jin Ke , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently there is no specific molecular biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we performed a gender‐specific two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis to systematically assess the effects of circulating cytokines on RCC.MethodsWe have employed cis‐quantitative trait loci as instrumental variables for the protein levels and expression of circulating cytokines. We estimated the causal effects of circulating cytokines on RCC risk in males and females with several Mendelian randomization methods.ResultsWe observed a significant causal effect of Eotaxin on the increased risk of RCC in males (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.617–4.010, p value = 5.496 × 10–5), but not in females (OR = 1.352, 95% CI = 0.766–2.388, p value = 0.298). Besides, we also identified several cytokines as potentially associated with RCC in males including RANTES, MCP3, PDGFbb, TRAIL, and several other cytokines as potentially associated with RCC in females including sICAM and SCGFb.ConclusionOur study highlighted that a higher level of circulating Eotaxin is causally associated with an increased risk of RCC in males but not in females. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism and its potential application in the prognosis and treatment of RCC.
Therapeutic drug monitoring to personalize dosing of imatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib: A mixed methods study on barriers and facilitators
Authors: Westerdijk Kim , Steeghs Neeltje , Tacke Casper S. J. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , van Erp Nielka P. , van Oortmerssen Gerard , Hermens Rosella P. M. G. , Desar Ingrid M. E. ,   In collaboration with the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group (DPOG)
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPersonalized dosing based on measurement of individual drug levels and adjusting the dose accordingly can improve efficacy and decrease unnecessary toxicity of oncological treatment. For imatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib, this therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)‐guided dosing is, however, not routinely used, despite accumulating evidence favoring individualized dosing. Therefore, we aimed to identify and quantify (potential) barriers and facilitators in TDM‐guided dosing for imatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib.MethodsWe performed a mixed methods study among all stakeholders involved: patients, healthcare professionals (HCPs), pharmaceutical companies, and health insurance companies. During the first qualitative part of this study, we performed semi‐structured individual interviews and one focus group interview to identify all (potential) barriers and facilitators, and during the second quantitative part of this study, we used a web‐based survey to quantify these findings. The interviews addressed the six domains of the implementation of change model of Grol and Wensing: (1) the innovation itself; (2) the HCP; (3) the patient; (4) social context; (5) organizational context; and (6) finances, law, and governance.ResultsIn the qualitative study, we interviewed 20 patients, 18 HCPs and 10 representatives of pharmaceutical and health insurance companies and identified 72 barriers and 90 facilitators. In the quantitative study, the survey was responded by 66 HCPs and 58 patients. Important barriers were on the domain of the HCP, such as a lack of experience with TDM (36.4%), on the domain of the patient, such as lack of awareness of TDM (39.7%), and the processing time for measurement and interpretation of the TDM result (40.9%) (organizational domain). Important facilitators were education of HCPs (95.5%), education of patients (87.9%) and facilitating an overview of when and where TDM measurements are being performed (86.4%).ConclusionWe identified and quantified important barriers and facilitators for the implementation of TDM‐guided dosing for imatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib. Based on our results, the implementation strategy should mainly focus on educating both HCPs and patients and on the organizational aspect of TDM.
Isolated torsion of the utero‐ovarian ligament
Authors: Hla Audrey , Harold Justin , Andikyan Vaagn 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageIsolated utero‐ovarian torsion poses a challenge to diagnosing adnexal torsion, as it may not present with imaging findings. Clinicians with high suspicion for torsion but lack of evidence on ultrasonography should proceed to diagnostic laparoscopy.AbstractAdnexal torsion occurs when the ovary rotates around its supporting ligaments, the infundibulopelvic and utero‐ovarian (UO) ligaments, often causing disruption of blood supply. This pathology often presents with acute pelvic pain and is a gynecologic surgical emergency. Diagnosis is typically made with Doppler ultrasound, although dual blood supply to the ovary poses additional diagnostic challenges and sensitivity of this tool is debated. In this case study, we present a case of missed torsion due to isolated compromise of UO ligament.
Partial nephrectomy of a horseshoe kidney associated with renal cell carcinoma and ureteral stone: A clinical case report
Authors: Khayyamfar Feraidoon , Dalil Davood , Khayyamfar Amirmahdi 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageAlthough anatomical and vascular abnormalities of the horseshoe kidney might be challenging, complete preoperative imaging evaluations and accurate organ‐sparing surgical planning can lead to much lower complications.AbstractHorseshoe kidney (HK) is one of the most common renal fusion anomalies. Renal carcinoids are rarely reported in HK patients. Here, we described a rare case of advanced right renal cell carcinoma (RCC) along with proximal left ureter stone in a 41‐year‐old man who presented with a complaint of turbid urine. Early blood tests revealed a blood urea nitrogen of 44 mg/dL and serum creatinine of 1.35 mg/dL. The urine analysis showed microscopic hematuria (6–8 RBCs) and few calcium oxalate crystals. The imaging evaluations revealed an HK anomaly with a solid mass on the right side and a 4 mm stone in the proximal left ureter. The findings suggested RCC which was confirmed by histopathology examination. Consequently, the patient was scheduled for an organ‐preserving open surgery of a right kidney tumor with concomitant left ureterolithotomy. The 16‐month follow‐up showed no urological complications, metastasis, or tumor proliferation. Although the anatomical and vascular abnormalities of HK might be challenging, organ‐sparing surgical treatment should be considered in feasibly resectable tumors. Complete preoperative imaging evaluations to identify the characteristics of HK, as well as accurate surgical planning, can lead to much lower complications.
Anion‐Rocking Chair Batteries with Tuneable Voltage using Viologen‐ and Phenothiazine Polymer‐based Electrodes**
Authors: Bhosale Manik , Schmidt Caroline , Penert Philipp , Studer Gauthier , Esser Birgit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganic battery electrode materials offer the unique opportunity for full cells to operate in an anion‐rocking chair mode. For this configuration a pair of p‐type redox‐active electrode materials is required with a substantial potential gap between their redox processes. We herein investigate viologen‐functionalized polystyrenes as negative electrode paired with a phenothiazine polymer as positive electrode in all‐organic full cells. The 10 % crosslinked viologen polymer X10‐PVBV gave better performance than the linear PVBV and was employed in a full cell as negative electrode with cross‐linked poly(3‐vinyl‐N‐methylphenothiazine) (X‐PVMPT) as positive electrode. Three cell configurations regarding the voltage range were investigated, of which one with an operating potential of 0.9 V gave the highest performance. The full cell delivered a specific discharge capacity of 64 mA h g−1 (of X‐PVMPT) in the first cycle and a capacity retention of 79 % after 100 cycles. This is one of only few reported anion rocking chair all‐organic cells and the first employing a phenothiazine‐based positive electrode material.
Critical education for sustainability and Chantal Mouffe's green democratic revolution
Authors: Huckle John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow should the curriculum for older school students address the transition to sustainable futures? This article seeks to answer this question by reference to the marginalisation of education for sustainability (EfS) in England after 2010; its re‐emergence around 2020, prompted largely by students' protests over climate change: and the continuing need for critical approaches that acknowledge the contested nature of sustainability. Gramsci's theory of hegemony as developed by Gilbert and Williams, is used to explain the marginalisation of EfS while Mouffe's advocacy of a green democratic revolution, shaped by a blend of eco‐socialist, post‐developmental and decolonial thought, suggests what a critical EfS should cover and why it should be linked to radical global citizenship education. Neoliberal, socially democratic and eco‐socialist discourses of sustainability and a green transition should feature in the curriculum and agonistic pedagogy should be employed to enable students to reflect and act on these and so develop their political literacy. The Curriculum for Wales can accommodate such pedagogy and an incoming Labour government in Westminster can learn from its example.
Does the joint expansion of urban agglomerations threaten the supply and demand of water‐related ecosystem services? A case study in north‐west Hubei, China
Authors: Shao Shuai , Yang Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the ecological protection zone, it is unclear how the joint development of urban agglomeration affects the supply–demand of water‐related ecosystem services (ESs). This study took northwest Hubei, China (Exibei), a national ecological function area, as a case study and predicted the land‐cover distribution in 2040 under three scenarios: natural scenario (2040NS), economic development (2040ED) and ecological protection (2040EP). And the supply–demand risks of water‐related ESs were simulated under three scenarios. Results indicated that (1) the increase in forest land (0.70%) under 2040NS, construction land (50.03%) under 2040ED and water body (15.16%) under 2040EP basically happened through the occupation of cultivated land; (2) under three scenarios, although the water yield demand in 2040 increased significantly, the supply still fully meet demand; (3) from 2020 to 2040, more than 13.50% of the areas in Exibei of water yield changed from surplus to deficit, mainly covering the north Xiangyang City and the middle Shiyan City; and (4) the change in supply and demand of soil retention from 2020 to 2040 was not obvious. This study provides assistance in water resources rational allocation in ecological function zones with rapid economic development and urban expansion.