bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental X‐rays and the risk of intracranial meningioma
Authors: Longstreth W. T. , Phillips Leslie E. , Drangsholt Mark , Koepsell Thomas D. , Custer Brian S. , Gehrels Jo‐Ann , van Belle Gerald 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIonizing radiation is a likely cause of intracranial meningioma. The authors determined whether the risk of intracranial meningioma was associated with past dental X‐rays—specifically, posterior bitewings, full‐mouth series, and lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs.METHODSThe authors conducted a population‐based case–control study of residents of King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in western Washington State. Case patients (n = 200) had an incident intracranial meningioma that was confirmed histologically during life between January 1995 and June 1998. The authors used random‐digit dialing and Medicare eligibility lists to identify two control subjects to be matched to each case patient based on age and gender. Exposures were determined during an in‐person interview. The authors compared self‐report and dental records in a subset of study participants.RESULTSOf the 4 dental X‐ray procedures evaluated, only the full‐mouth series (specifically, ≥ 6 over a lifetime) was associated with a significantly increased risk of meningioma (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence limits, 1.03–4.17). However, evidence for a dose‐response relation was lacking (P for trend = 0.33). The risk was elevated with the aggregate number of full‐mouth series in 10‐year periods from approximately 15–40 years before diagnosis, with significant elevations in the 10‐year periods beginning 22–30 years before diagnosis. The risks in these analyses were even greater when only women were considered.CONCLUSIONSDental X‐rays involving full‐mouth series performed 15–40 years ago, when radiation exposure from full‐mouth series was much greater than it is now, were associated with an increased risk of meningioma. The authors did not observe an increased risk with bitewings, lateral cephalometric, and panoramic radiographs. Cancer 2004;100:1026–34. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Can the Gail model be useful in American Indian and Alaska Native populations?
Authors: Kaur Judith Salmon , Roubidoux Marilyn A. , Sloan Jeff , Novotny Paul 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDVery little is known about breast carcinoma risk factors for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women undergoing screening. The Gail model has been a useful tool for predicting the risk of breast carcinoma in several populations. It has not been applied systematically to AI/AN women.METHODSThe current study was a retrospective review of 1458 screening mammograms performed for AI/AN women. The authors applied the Gail model to estimate both absolute risk and relative risk for breast carcinoma for AI/AN women screened in South Dakota, Arizona, and Alaska.RESULTSThe mean age of the women was 52.4 years. The onset of menses was not significantly different than expected. The average age at first birth was 20 years, very few women were nulliparous, and few women were age > 30 years at first live birth. The proportion of women reporting a first‐ or second‐degree relative with breast carcinoma was similar to the proportion in the general population. The results of the model indicated an overall average relative risk that ranged from 1.42 to 2.69 compared with white American women, depending on the model assumptions used. Using a modified Gail model and calculating an imputed absolute risk, the expected incidence of breast carcinoma in this population increased to rates of 170–180 per 100,000 in the next 10 years, a significant increase over the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results–derived incidence rates from 1988 to 1992 of 31.6 per 100,000 for AI women in New Mexico and 78.9 per 100,000 for AN women.CONCLUSIONSThe model indicated a likelihood of increasing rates of breast carcinoma in the study population. The data obtained were useful in generating preliminary estimates of breast carcinoma risk in the study population, for which no prospective population survey has been completed. The inherent weaknesses in the current retrospective study indicated the need for a large‐scale prospective data collection to confirm these exploratory findings. Cancer 2004;100:906–12. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Potentially advanced malignancies detected by screening for prostate carcinoma after an interval of 4 years
Authors: Postma Renske , Roobol Monique , Schröder Fritz H. , van der Kwast Theodorus H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAt the Rotterdam branch of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, a cohort of 19,970 men ages 55–75 years is screened at an interval of 4 years. Screening includes systematic sextant needle biopsy for men with elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels and/or positive findings on digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasound. Detection during the second screening round of a large number of high‐grade (Gleason Grade 4 or 5) malignancies and/or a large number of malignancies in general could be considered the result of a failure to identify these malignancies at an early stage, during prevalence screening.METHODSMen diagnosed during the second screening round with potentially advanced carcinoma (PAC), characterized by a biopsy Gleason score of 7 (4 + 3, or 3 + 4 with > 30% malignant involvement) or a biopsy Gleason score of 8–10, were identified. Clinical data, including PSA values on prevalence screening, biopsy history, clinical stage, and follow‐up data, were retrieved for these patients. Tumor features were further analyzed in radical prostatectomy specimens.RESULTSDuring the second screening round, 503 malignancies, including 30 (6.0%) with features of PAC on diagnostic biopsy, were detected in 11,210 patients. Curative treatment was offered to 26 patients. Prostatectomy demonstrated the presence of organ‐confined disease in 11 of 12 specimens, and tumor volume ranged from 0.11–7.93 cm3 (median, 1.05 cm3). PSA failure was noted in 6 of 22 patients who were offered curative therapy.CONCLUSIONSPAC is a rare finding in the second round of screening after a 4‐year interval, and a substantial proportion of PAC cases detected in the second screening round represent organ‐confined disease. The findings of the current study suggest that the screening protocol used is sufficiently effective for detecting > 95% of malignancies before they develop features that would make them incurable. Cancer 2004;100:968–75. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Effects of media information on cancer patients' opinions, feelings, decision‐making process and physician‐patient communication
Authors: Passalacqua Rodolfo , Caminiti Caterina , Salvagni Stefania , Barni Sandro , Beretta Giordano D. , Carlini Paolo , Contu Antonio , Di Costanzo Francesco , Toscano Lucia , Campione Francesco 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to determine the influence of media information on the opinions and feelings of patients with cancer and to measure the factors that affected the decision‐making process and physician‐patient communication.METHODSThe study consisted of a sequence of 2 nationwide surveys across the same dynamic target population of 2600 unselected patients with cancer who attended 1 of 13 centers throughout Italy. The authors measured the changes in patients' opinions and attitudes at the peak of a media campaign promoting the Di Bella therapy, an unproven cancer treatment method, and after the publicized demonstration of its ineffectiveness. An identical 10‐item questionnaire was used.RESULTSOpinions and feelings changed in the two surveys according to the way the media described the efficacy of the treatment, but physician‐patient communication and the decision‐making process remained unchanged. Multivariate analysis confirmed the enormous influence of the media on patient opinions (odds ratio [OR], 4.67; P < 0.0001), feelings of hope (OR, 3.63; P < 0.0001), and confusion (OR, 0.51; P < 0.0001), but not on physician‐patient communication or the decision‐making process. Educational level influenced almost all of the studied factors, and communication and decision‐making also were influenced by the patients' gender and place of residence. There was no significant correlation with patient age.CONCLUSIONSThe media play a powerful role in affecting patients' opinions and feelings; the physician‐patient communication and the decision‐making process are not subject to media influence but are related primarily to level of education. The power of the media should be directed toward improving the spread of scientific knowledge to encourage behavioral changes, particularly among individuals with lower levels of education. Cancer 2004;100:1077–84. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Validation of axillary sentinel lymph node detection in the staging of early lobular invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Classe Jean‐Marc , Loussouarn Delphine , Campion Loïc , Fiche Maryse , Curtet Chantal , Dravet François , Pioud Raphaëlle , Rousseau Caroline , Resche Isabelle , Sagan Christine 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious reports have shown that regional lymph node involvement in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma can be evaluated by resection of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (ASLN). Axillary lymphadenectomy may be unnecessary in the absence of ASLN involvement. In the current study, the authors compared the results of ASLN resection in patients with lobular invasive carcinoma (LIC) with the results from patients with ductal invasive carcinoma (DIC) in terms of detection rates and false‐negative rates.METHODSFor ASLN detection, technetium 99m sulfur‐colloid and patent blue were injected around the tumor. Each patient underwent both ASLN resection and complete axillary lymphadenectomy. Detection rates and false‐negative rates were evaluated in patients with LIC and in patients with DIC.RESULTSTwo hundred forty‐three patients with invasive, early‐stage breast carcinoma were enrolled in the study (208 patients with DIC and 35 patients with LIC). The median patient age, pathologic tumor size, hormone receptor status, and rates of involved lymph nodes were equivalent for both groups. ASLN detection and false‐negative rates did not differ for patients with LIC and patients with DIC.CONCLUSIONSThe ASLN detection rate was not dependent on the pathologic type of invasive carcinoma. Pathologic examination of ASLN in patients with LIC and in patients with DIC predicted axillary lymph node status with the same predictive value in terms of lymph node metastasis. For patients with LIC, ASLN examination overestimated the rate of micrometastasis as diagnosed by immunohistochemical techniques. These results will require confirmation in larger studies. Cancer 2004;100:935–41. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Osteoporosis in men with prostate carcinoma receiving androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: Diamond Terrence H. , Higano Celestia S. , Smith Matthew R. , Guise Theresa A. , Singer Frederick R. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) is prescribed with increasing frequency for men with prostate carcinoma. There is growing concern about the effects of such therapy on the skeleton. In the current review, the authors addressed the current research, diagnostic methods, and treatment recommendations for bone loss and osteoporosis in men with prostate carcinoma who received ADT.METHODSData were obtained from electronic literature searches (for the years 1986 through 2002) and from abstracts and meeting proceedings. All randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, retrospective studies, and cross‐sectional studies of osteoporosis in men with prostate carcinoma who received ADT with or without other therapies were reviewed.RESULTSThe findings confirmed that ADT resulted in significant bone loss in men with prostate carcinoma. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, as measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), is considered the preferred site of assessment in older men. Spinal BMD is equally important, although careful interpretation of spinal DXA values is required, because of coexisting facet joint disease and extravertebral calcification. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when BMD is > 2.5 standard deviations below a reference mean. Men with prostate carcinoma who were treated with ADT had average BMD measurements below those of eugonadal men. Rates of bone loss ranged from 2% to 8% in the lumbar spine and from 1.8% to 6.5% in the femoral neck during the initial 12 months of continuous ADT. Retrospective data indicated an increased risk of fracture in men with prostate carcinoma who were treated with ADT.CONCLUSIONSFor men with prostate carcinoma who are at high risk for osteoporosis and fractures, clinical management should be dictated by the results of radiographic and DXA skeletal assessment. Cancer 2004;100:892–9. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Craniotomy for the resection of metastatic brain tumors in the U.S., 1988–2000
Authors: Barker Fred G. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo assist in selecting treatment for patients with brain metastases, the current study assessed the risk of adverse outcomes after contemporary resection of metastatic brain tumors in relation to patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics, with particular attention to the volume of care and trends in outcomes.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of 13,685 admissions from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1988–2000 was performed. Multivariate logistic, ordinal, and loglinear regression were used with endpoints of mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and total hospital charges.RESULTSThe overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 3.1% and an additional 16.7% of patients were not discharged directly home. In multivariate analyses, larger‐volume centers were found to have lower mortality rates for intracranial metastasis resection (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.59–1.03 [P= 0.09]). An adverse discharge disposition also was less likely at higher‐volume hospitals (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65–0.86 [P< 0.001]). For surgeon caseload, mortality was lower with higher‐caseload providers (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30–0.80 [P= 0.004]) and an adverse discharge disposition occurred significantly less frequently (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40–0.64 [P< 0.001]). The annual number of resections increased by 79% during the study period, from 3900 (1988) to 7000 (2000). In‐hospital mortality rates decreased from 4.6% (1988–1990) to 2.3% (1997–2000), a 49% relative decrease. Length of stay was reported to be significantly shorter with higher‐volume providers. Hospital charges were not found to be associated significantly with hospital caseload and were found to be significantly lower after surgery that was performed by higher‐caseload surgeons.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study found that higher‐volume hospitals and surgeons provided superior short‐term outcomes after resection of intracranial metastasis was performed, with shorter lengths of stay and a trend toward lower charges. Cancer 2004;100:999–1007. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The predictive potential of molecular detection in the nonmetastatic Ewing family of tumors
Authors: Avigad Smadar , Cohen Ian J. , Zilberstein Julia , Liberzon Ella , Goshen Yacov , Ash Shifra , Meller Isaac , Kollender Yehuda , Issakov Josephine , Zaizov Rina , Yaniv Isaac 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumors in the Ewing family (EFTs) are the second most common bone tumors in children and adolescents. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, one‐third of patients with localized tumor still may develop recurrences. This implies that not all tumor cells are eradicated and that the patients may have a level of residual disease. EFTs are characterized by specific chromosomal translocations that result in chimeric transcripts that can be detected with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis.METHODSThe authors report the prognostic potential of the positive chimeric transcript (EWS/FLI1) in bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PBL) in 26 patients with EFT during a long follow‐up period (median, 61 months).RESULTSAt diagnosis, 43% of patients had positive RT‐PCR BM results, with no correlation to tumor progression (P = 0.3). During follow‐up, 58% of patients had positive RT‐PCR results in their last sample analyzed (BM and/or PBL). A highly significant correlation between the presence of the chimeric transcript and disease progression was detected (P = 0.0028). In a multivariate analysis, the percentage of tumor necrosis (P = 0.007) and RT‐PCR results during follow‐up (P = 0.02) remained significant prognostic markers. In 10 of 11 patients who developed disease progression, BM and/or PBL samples were positive for the chimeric transcript before evidence of overt clinical recurrence.CONCLUSIONSOccult tumor cells in BM and/or PBL samples during long follow‐up are strong predictors of recurrent disease in patients with nonmetastatic EFTs. Cancer 2004;100:1053–8. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Major histocompatibility antigens and antigen‐processing molecules in retinoblastoma
Authors: Krishnakumar Subramanian , Sundaram Amirthalakshmi , Abhyankar Dhiraj , Krishnamurthy Vanitha , Shanmugam Mahesh Palanivelu , Gopal Lingam , Sharma Tarun , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDMalignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. These abnormalities may play a role in the clinical course of the disease, because HLAs mediate interactions of tumor cells with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in childhood and is characterized by direct spread to the optic nerve and orbit as well as hematogeneous and lymphatic spread. Little is known about the role of HLA expression in the progression of this malignant disease.METHODSHLA Class I antigen, β2‐microglobulin (β2‐m), HLA Class II antigens, and the antigen‐processing molecules (APMs) of the HLA Class I pathway, including proteasomal subunits (low–molecular mass polypeptide 2 [LMP‐2] and LMP‐10), the transporter‐associated protein (TAP‐1) subunit, the binding protein tapasin, and the chaperone molecule calnexin, were studied in 30 archival retinoblastoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. Immunoanalysis was performed based on the International Histocompatibility Working Group Project Description.RESULTSHLA Class I antigen, β2‐m, HLA Class II antigen, and APMs were positive in 12 tumors with no invasion and were decreased in 13 tumors with choroidal and optic nerve invasion. The difference in HLA and APM expression between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSDecreased expression of HLA was observed in aggressive tumors and in poorly differentiated tumors. The current findings support a role for both CTLs and NK cell‐mediated control of tumor growth in the clinical course of retinoblastoma. Cancer 2004;100:1059–69. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma incidence trends among white women and black women in the United States for 1976–2000
Authors: Wang Sophia S. , Sherman Mark E. , Hildesheim Allan , Lacey James V. , Devesa Susan 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough cervical carcinoma incidence and mortality rates have declined in the U.S. greatly since the introduction of the Papanicolaou smear, this decline has not been uniform for all histologic subtypes. Therefore, the authors assessed the differential incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the cervix by race and disease stage for the past 25 years.METHODSData from nine population‐based cancer registries participating in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were used to compute incidence rates for cervical carcinoma diagnosed during 1976–2000 by histologic subtype (SCC and AC), race (black and white), age, and disease stage (in situ, localized, regional, or distant).RESULTSIn black women and white women, the overall incidence of invasive SCC declined over time, and the majority of tumors that are detected currently are in situ and localized carcinomas in young women. The incidence of in situ SCC increased sharply in the early 1990s. AC in situ (AIS) incidence rates increased, especially among young women. In black women, invasive AC incidence rose linearly with age.CONCLUSIONSChanges in screening, endocervical sampling, nomenclature, and improvements in treatment likely explain the increased in situ cervical SCC incidence in white women and black women. Increasing AIS incidence over the past 20 years in white women has not yet translated into a decrease in invasive AC incidence. Etiologic factors may explain the rising invasive cervical AC incidence in young white women; rising cervical AC incidence with age in black women may reflect either lack of effective screening or a differential disease etiology. Cancer 2004;100:1035–44. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Improved prediction of recurrence after curative resection of colon carcinoma using tree‐based risk stratification
Authors: Radespiel‐Tröger Martin , Hohenberger Werner , Reingruber Bertram 
Published: February 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients who are at high risk of recurrence after undergoing curative (R0) resection for colon carcinoma may benefit most from adjuvant treatment and from intensive follow‐up for early detection and treatment of recurrence. However, in light of new clinical evidence, there is a need for continuous improvement in the calculation of the risk of recurrence.METHODSSix hundred forty‐one patients with R0‐resected colon carcinoma who underwent surgery between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1996 were recruited from the Erlangen Registry of Colorectal Carcinoma. The study end point was time until first locoregional or distant recurrence. The factors analyzed were: age, gender, site in colon, International Union Against Cancer (UICC) pathologic tumor classification (pT), UICC pathologic lymph node classification, histologic tumor type, malignancy grade, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, number of examined lymph nodes, number of lymph node metastases, emergency presentation, intraoperative tumor cell spillage, surgeon, and time period. The resulting prognostic tree was evaluated by means of an independent sample using a measure of predictive accuracy based on the Brier score for censored data. Predictive accuracy was compared with several proposed stage groupings.RESULTSThe prognostic tree contained the following variables: pT, the number of lymph node metastases, venous invasion, and emergency presentation. Predictive accuracy based on the validation sample was 0.230 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.227–0.233) for the prognostic tree and 0.212 (95% CI, 0.209–0.215) for the UICC TNM sixth edition stage grouping.CONCLUSIONSThe prognostic tree showed superior predictive accuracy when it was validated using an independent sample. It is interpreted easily and may be applied under clinical circumstances. Provided that their classification system can be validated successfully in other centers, the authors propose using the prognostic tree as a starting point for studies of adjuvant treatment and follow‐up strategies. Cancer 2004;100:958–67. © 2004 American Cancer Society.