bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical study of the influences of gustiness on vertical mixing at the air-sea boundary
Authors: Lyu Meng , Potter Henry , Ortiz-Suslow David G. , Wang Qing , Wang Xiaoqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe exchange of momentum across the air-sea interface is a key driver of the earth system and its accurate parameterization is essential for precise weather and climate forecasting. However, our understanding of gustiness as an independent factor that can contribute to the momentum flux is limited. Using data collected from the R/P FLIP, as part of the Couple Air-Sea Processes and Electromagnetic ducting Research (CASPER) experiment, we explored the mechanisms by which gustiness contributes to the total interfacial momentum flux. We investigate how gustiness affects both the temporal and spatial (vertical) variance of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer and show that high gustiness was associated with strong anisotropic turbulence at each measurement height. This was found to increase vertical wind fluctuations and inject additional momentum across the air-sea interface at lower wind speeds. Increased gustiness was also associated with the breakdown of the constant flux layer, which is generally assumed to exist over the ocean. This study has implications for both momentum flux parameterization and the use of similarity theory to model the flux-gradient relationship in the gusty atmospheric surface layer, thereby influencing the forecasting of climate and weather.
Three-dimensional correlative microscopy of the Drosophila female reproductive tract reveals modes of communication in seminal receptacle sperm storage
Authors: Zelinger Einat , Brumfeld Vlad , Rechav Katya , Waiger Daniel , Kossovsky Tally , Heifetz Yael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn many taxa, females store sperm in specialized storage organs. Most insect sperm storage organs have a tubular structure, typically consisting of a central lumen surrounded by epithelial cells. These specialized tubules perform the essential tasks of transporting sperm through the female reproductive tract and supporting long-term sperm survival and function. Little is known about the way in which female sperm storage organs provide an environment conducive to sperm survival. We address this using a combined light microscopy, micro computed tomography (microCT), and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) approach for high-resolution correlative three-dimensional imaging to advance our understanding of sperm-female interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. Using this multimodal approach, we were able to scan the lower female reproductive tract and distal portion of the seminal receptacle at low magnification, and to subsequently zoom in for further analysis on an ultrastructural level. Our findings highlight aspects of the way in which the seminal receptacle keeps sperm viable in the lumen, and set the stage for further studies. The methods developed are suitable not only for Drosophila but also for other organisms with soft, delicate tissues.
Real-time simultaneous refractive index and thickness mapping of sub-cellular biology at the diffraction limit
Authors: Burguete-Lopez Arturo , Makarenko Maksim , Bonifazi Marcella , Menezes de Oliveira Barbara Nicoly , Getman Fedor , Tian Yi , Mazzone Valerio , Li Ning , Giammona Alessandro , Liberale Carlo , Fratalocchi Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMapping the cellular refractive index (RI) is a central task for research involving the composition of microorganisms and the development of models providing automated medical screenings with accuracy beyond 95%. These models require significantly enhancing the state-of-the-art RI mapping capabilities to provide large amounts of accurate RI data at high throughput. Here, we present a machine-learning-based technique that obtains a biological specimen’s real-time RI and thickness maps from a single image acquired with a conventional color camera. This technology leverages a suitably engineered nanostructured membrane that stretches a biological analyte over its surface and absorbs transmitted light, generating complex reflection spectra from each sample point. The technique does not need pre-existing sample knowledge. It achieves 10−4RI sensitivity and sub-nanometer thickness resolution on diffraction-limited spatial areas. We illustrate practical application by performing sub-cellular segmentation of HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, obtaining complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the cellular regions with a characteristic length of 30μm. These results can facilitate the development of real-time label-free technologies for biomedical studies on microscopic multicellular dynamics.
Proglacial river sediments are a substantial sink of perfluoroalkyl substances released by glacial meltwater
Authors: Zhou Yunqiao , Wang Xiaoping , Chen Mengke , Fu Jianjie , Zhu Tingting , Wang Chuanfei , Gong Ping , Wang Lanxiang , Ren Jiao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow climate change will influence the accumulation of pollutants in remote mountainous lakes is poorly understood. Here we collected sediment cores from two glacial lakes (one is small and close to glacier, and the other is large and far from glacier) in the Third Pole and quantified deposition fluxes of perfluoroalkyl substances. The trends of perfluoroalkyl substances fluxes broadly correspond with their historical emissions and phase-out. Besides of emission, glacial meltwater strongly impacts the accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in the small lake, while precipitation exhibits great impact on that of the big lake. We then modified the Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction model to explore how perfluoroalkyl substances transport along proglacial rivers before entering the big lake and found that river sediments intercept ~13% of perfluoroalkyl substances from glacial meltwater. With climate warming and increased glacial meltwater, proglacial river sediments will play an important role in retaining perfluoroalkyl substances.
Cellular heterogeneity of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte grafts is mechanistically linked to treatable arrhythmias
Authors: Selvakumar Dinesh , Clayton Zoe E. , Prowse Andrew , Dingwall Steve , Kim Sul Ki , Reyes Leila , George Jacob , Shah Haisam , Chen Siqi , Leung Halina H. L. , Hume Robert D. , Tjahjadi Laurentius , Igoor Sindhu , Skelton Rhys J. P. , Hing Alfred , Paterson Hugh , Foster Sheryl L. , Pearson Lachlan , Wilkie Emma , Marcus Alan D. , Jeyaprakash Prajith , Wu Zhixuan , Chiu Han Shen , Ongtengco Cherica Felize J. , Mulay Onkar , McArthur Jeffrey R. , Barry Tony , Lu Juntang , Tran Vu , Bennett Richard , Kotake Yasuhito , Campbell Timothy , Turnbull Samual , Gupta Anunay , Nguyen Quan , Ni Guiyan , Grieve Stuart M. , Palpant Nathan J. , Pathan Faraz , Kizana Eddy , Kumar Saurabh , Gray Peter P. , Chong James J. H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPreclinical data have confirmed that human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) can remuscularize the injured or diseased heart, with several clinical trials now in planning or recruitment stages. However, because ventricular arrhythmias represent a complication following engraftment of intramyocardially injected PSC-CMs, it is necessary to provide treatment strategies to control or prevent engraftment arrhythmias (EAs). Here, we show in a porcine model of myocardial infarction and PSC-CM transplantation that EAs are mechanistically linked to cellular heterogeneity in the input PSC-CM and resultant graft. Specifically, we identify atrial and pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes as culprit arrhythmogenic subpopulations. Two unique surface marker signatures, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPA)+CD90−CD200+ and SIRPA+CD90−CD200−, identify arrhythmogenic and non-arrhythmogenic cardiomyocytes, respectively. Our data suggest that modifications to current PSC-CM-production and/or PSC-CM-selection protocols could potentially prevent EAs. We further show that pharmacologic and interventional anti-arrhythmic strategies can control and potentially abolish these arrhythmias.
Association between continuity of care and attendance of post-discharge follow-up after psychiatric emergency presentation
Authors: Wong Ben Hoi-Ching , Chu Petrina , Calaminus Paul , Lavelle Cathy , Refaat Rafik , Ougrin Dennis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe number of accident and emergency (A&E) hospital attendances by young people aged 18 or under with a recorded diagnosis of a psychiatric condition more than tripled between 2010 and 2022. After discharge from the hospital, attendance at follow-up appointments in the community is critical to ensure the safety of young people and optimise the use of clinical resources. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between follow-up attendance and the continuity of clinicians and clinical teams, using electronic clinical record data from East London NHS Foundation Trust (ELFT), between April 2019 and March 2022. Multi-level mixed effects logistic regression was performed to model the follow-up attendance odds based on whether the same or different clinician and clinical team offered the initial A&E and the community follow-up appointment or whether a crisis team was involved. 3134 A&E presentations by 2368 young people were identified within the study period. Following these presentations, 2091 follow-up appointments in the community were offered. The attendance rate increased by more than three times if the follow-up appointment was offered by the same clinician who saw the young person in A&E (odds ratio (OR) = 3.66; 95% CI 1.65–8.13). Whether the same clinical team provided the community follow-up appointment, or whether a crisis team was involved before discharge made no difference to the likelihood of follow-up attendance. The findings support the importance of the continuity of clinicians in the care of young people in crisis.
Screening for iron deficiency among pregnant women
Authors: AlQurashi Wejdan S. , Abdulgader Reham A. , Gari Rawan A. , Badawi Maha A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are extremely common in females in Saudi Arabia and are highly prevalent in pregnancy. The Saudi MOH Mother Health Passport recommends that pregnant women undergo testing for complete blood count and ferritin in every trimester. The purpose of this study was to describe practices of screening pregnant women for ID or IDA during pregnancy and to identify the prevalence of anemia and IDA. The inclusion criteria were all patients who had at least 2 antenatal visits in the same center and 336 women were included. It was noted that 591 (51.5%) hemoglobin tests were performed during pregnancy, a 50% gap in comparison with MOH recommendations of measuring Hb in every trimester. The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.6%, 12.2% in the first trimester, 37.2% in the second trimester, and 36.3% in the third trimester. Ferritin was measured in less than 5% of patients, and most women had ferritin levels below 15 ng/ml. Screening practices for IDA and ID among pregnant women are suboptimal, and the prevalence of both entities is substantial. The development of detailed national guidelines for screening and managing ID and IDA in pregnancy is recommended.
Aktualisierung der standardisierten Bewertungssätze aus
gesellschaftlicher Perspektive für gesundheitsökonomische
Evaluationen
Authors: Muntendorf Louisa-Kristin , Brettschneider Christian , Konnopka Alexander , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit Ziel ist die Aktualisierung der Bewertungssätze
(BS) aus dem Jahr 2015 zur monetären Bewertung des gesundheitsbezogenen
Ressourcenverbrauchs aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive für die Jahre
2019 und 2020.
Methodik Die Aktualisierung folgt der Methodik von Bock et al. 2015.
Aufgrund der neu etablierten Pflegegrade, werden BS für die Pflegegrade
1 bis 5 neu zur Verfügung gestellt. Um Veränderungen der
Preisentwicklung während der Covid-19 Pandemie zu
berücksichtigen, wird die durchschnittliche Wachstumsrate der BS von
2011–2019 im Vergleich zu 2019–2020 ausgewiesen.
Ergebnisse Der Kurzbeitrag aktualisiert die BS für den
ambulant-ärztlichen Sektor, Heil- und Hilfsmittel,
Krankenhäuser, (in-)formelle Pflegeleistungen, sowie Rehabilitation
für die Jahre 2019 und 2020.
Schlussfolgerung Die aktualisierten BS können als Referenzwerte
für die monetäre Bewertung individueller
Ressourcenverbräuche in gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen
genutzt werden.
Inpatient Rsv-Management 2016–2022: Epidemiology and
Adherence to A Bronchiolitis Treatment Standard at a German University
Children’s Hospital
Authors: Heidtmann Solvej , Baltaci Yeliz , Meyer Sascha , Zemlin Michael , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Rissland Juergen , Simon Arne 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background This study analyzes the RSV season 2021/2022 in a
referral children’s hospital, compares the epidemiology and illness
severity with RSV-infected inpatients from 2016 to 2020 and audits the adherence
to our internal therapy standard for RSV bronchiolitis.
Material and methods Inpatients with rtPCR-confirmed RSV infection (Jan.
2016 to Jan. 2022).
Results The audit comprises 306 RSV inpatients, on average 50
hospitalizations per year; in 03/2020, a rapid RSV Season-Offset was
observed. In the winter season 2020/2021, no patient with RSV was
hospitalized. Beginning in July, we noticed a rapid increase of RSV-admissions
(most cases in Sept./Oct, duration until Dec. 2021; n=53). In
2021–2022, a significant larger share needed PICU admission
(9.4% vs 3.2%, p=0.040). Adherence to the internal
guidance was low; only 11.8% (n=36) of all patients received
supportive treatment without inhalative or systemic medications, 37% of
all patients received antibiotics.
Conclusions This audit confirms the strong impact of public preventive
measures directed against SARS-CoV-2 transmission on RSV epidemiology. Few weeks
after easing public COVID-19 restrictions (summer 2021), RSV inpatient cases
rapidly increased, lasting until Dec. 2021. The audit of bronchiolitis
management revealed surprisingly low adherence to the internal guidance, despite
a face-to-face educational session with the attending pediatricians in Oct.
2021. Low adherence resulted in an unnecessary exposure of RSV patients to
systemic medications of questionable benefit including antibiotics.
Verhaltens- und persönlichkeitsbasierte Korrelate von
Vergewaltigungsmythen bei Männern, die aufgrund einer Vergewaltigung
verurteilt wurden
Authors: Freudenthaler Laura , Eher Reinhard 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Vergewaltigungsmythen von Personen, die einen sexuellen
Übergriff an erwachsenen Frauen begangen haben, sind bisher unzureichend
in den Kontext anderer psychologischer Konstrukte eingebettet. Als Risikofaktor
für die Begehung einer Vergewaltigung erscheint es bedeutsam, ihr
Verhältnis zu individuellen, verhaltens- und
persönlichkeitsbasierten Merkmalen genauer zu untersuchen.
Methode In der vorliegenden Studie wurden daher die
Selbstauskünfte zu Aggressivität, Assertivität,
Hypersexualität, Sozial- und Sexualangst,
SKID-II-Persönlichkeitsausprägungen und
fremdeingeschätzter Psychopathie von N=569 Männern, die
wegen einer Vergewaltigung verurteilt wurden, auf relevante
Zusammenhänge mit der Akzeptanz von Vergewaltigungsmythen
analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikante Korrelationen mit allen
Konstrukten, außer mit Sexualangst, antisozialer Persönlichkeit
und Psychopathie. Darüber hinaus konnten mit den relevanten Konstrukten
zwei Hauptkomponenten differenziert werden: Vergewaltigungsmythen,
Aggressivität, Hypersexualität und paranoide sowie narzisstische
Persönlichkeit (K1) einerseits, und Psychopathie und antisoziale
Persönlichkeit (K2) andererseits.
Diskussion Anhand der empirisch gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden die
Kontextualisierung von Vergewaltigungsmythen innerhalb der untersuchten
psychologischen Konstrukte und eine potenzielle Abgrenzung zu Psychopathie und
Antisozialität diskutiert.
Evaluation of exclusive internal endoscopic drainage for complex biloma with transluminal and transpapillary stenting
Authors: Sakamoto Jun , Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Hakoda Akitoshi , Uba Yuki , Tomita Mitsuki , Hattori Nobuhiro , Nakamura Junichi , Bessho Kimi , Nishikawa Hiroki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Biloma is treated endoscopically with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) or endoscopi ultrasound-guided transluminal biloma drainage (EUS-TBD). However, almost all previous studies have used both internal and external drainage. External drainage has the disadvantages of poor cosmetic appearance and self-tube removal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the internal endoscopic drainage for complex biloma after hepatobiliary surgery with an ERCP- or EUS-guided approach, without external drainage.
Patients and methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients who had bilomas. A 7F plastic stent was deployed from the biloma to the duodenum in the ERCP group and the metal stent was deployed from the biloma to the stomach in the EUS-TBD group.
Results Forty-seven patients were enrolled. The technical success rate was similar between the groups (ERCP 94% vs EUS-TBD 100%, P=0.371); however, mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the EUS-TBD group (16.9 minutes) than in the ERCP group (26.6 minutes) (P=0.009). The clinical success rate was 87% (25 of 32 patients) in the ERCP group and 84% (11 of 13 patients) in the EUS-TBD group (P=0.482). The duration of median hospital stay was significantly shorter in the EUS-TBD group (22 days) than in the ERCP group (46 days) (P=0.038). There was no significant difference in procedure-associated adverse events between the groups.
Conclusions In conclusion, ERCP and EUS-TBD are complementary techniques, each with its own merits in specific clinical scenarios. If both techniques can be performed, EUS-TBD should be considered because of the short times for the procedure, hospital stay. and biloma resolution.
A Simplified Protocol for Tracheostomy Decannulation in Patients Weaned off Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Devaraja K. , Majitha C. S. , Pujary Kailesh , Nayak Dipak Ranjan , Rao Shwethapriya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction The criteria for the removal of the tracheostomy tube (decannulation) vary from center to center. Some perform an endoscopic evaluation under anesthesia or computed tomography, which adds to the cost and discomfort. We use a simple two-part protocol to determine the eligibility and carry out the decannulation: part I consists of airway and swallowing assessment through an office-based flexible laryngotracheoscopy, and part II involves a tracheostomy capping trial.
Objective The primary objective was to determine the safety and efficacy of the simplified decannulation protocol followed at our center among the patients who were weaned off the mechanical ventilator and exhibited good swallowing function clinically.
Methods Of the patients considered for decannulation between November 1st, 2018, and October 31st, 2020, those who had undergone tracheostomy for prolonged mechanical ventilation were included. The efficacy to predict successful decannulation was calculated by the decannulation rate among patients who had been deemed eligible for decannulation in part I of the protocol, and the safety profile was defined by the protocol's ability to correctly predict the chances of risk-free decannulation among those submitted to part II of the protocol.
Results Among the 48 patients included (mean age: 46.5 years; male-to-female ratio: 3:1), the efficacy of our protocol in predicting the successful decannulation was of 87.5%, and it was was safe or reliable in 95.45%. Also, in our cohort, the decannulation success and the duration of tracheotomy dependence were significantly affected by the neurological status of the patients.
Conclusion The decannulation protocol consisting of office-based flexible laryngotracheoscopy and capping trial of the tracheostomy tube can safely and effectively aid the decannulation process.
Sleep Patterns and Associated Insomnia in Junior and Senior Medical Students: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alshehri Ghady Dhafer , Almahmoudi Ahlam Ahmed , Alsaif Afnan Abdullah , Shalabi Bashayer Hassan , Fatani Hana Zuhair , Aljassas Fatima Hassan , Alsulami Dania Wazen , Alhejaili Faris , Zawawi Faisal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction Appropriate quality and quantity of sleep are critical for good mental health, optimal body functioning, memory consolidation, and other cognitive processes.
Objectives To evaluate the sleeping patterns of medical students in Saudi Arabia and their relationships with psychological distress.
Methods This was a cross-sectional, self-administered, questionnaire-based study. The study included medical students from a university in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were used to evaluate the prevalence and burden of inadequate sleep quality and insomnia in the participants.
Results The majority of the participants was women (76.6%). Furthermore, most participants (96.2%) were aged between 18 and 24 years old, while 54.4% of the participants were in their senior year. According to the AIS scores (mean: 15.85 ± 4.52), 98.7% of the participants exhibited insomnia symptoms. The PSQI scores (mean: 9.53 ± 5.67) revealed that 70.5% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Students in their fundamental and junior years had significantly higher percentages of insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality compared with students in their senior years.
Conclusion The prevalence of insomnia and poor sleep quality is high among medical students. Therefore, appropriate strategies for early detection and intervention are warranted.
Sleep and Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Martha Lucía , Lugo Machado Juan Antonio , Lozano Lavado Valeria , Navarro Pimiento Diana Camila 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction Sleep deprivation has a great impact on the learning process in physicians in training. Therefore, inquiring on this phenomenon in the most recent investigations will facilitate the provision of evidence on the influence regarding the absence of sleep on the learning process in health personnel.
Objectives The aim of this systematic review is to review, analyze and discuss the current literature that shows the impact of sleep on the learning process on doctors in training.
Data Synthesis A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of the existing literature between the years of 2000 and 2022 was performed in the PubMed and Elsevier databases, taking into account the inclusion criteria of articles in English or Spanish and the established timeframe. As a result, 128 articles distributed in the databases were obtained and 23 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected.
Conclusion Sleep is a fundamental factor for the consolidation, processing and functioning of memory and learning. Health professionals are a population at risk of sleep deprivation, thus it is important to take into account the effects it has on patients and health personnel.