bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortisol secretion and abnormalities of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic patients with hypertension
Authors: Brosolo Gabriele , Da Porto Andrea , Bulfone Luca , Vacca Antonio , Bertin Nicole , Catena Cristiana , Sechi Leonardo A. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:Glycometabolic changes are associated with hypercortisolism in Cushing's syndrome. Because impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and insulin resistance are frequently detected in patients with essential hypertension, we hypothesized that in these patients, early glycometabolic abnormalities might be related to differences in regulation of cortisol secretion.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, we included 155 nondiabetic, essential hypertensive patients who were free of organ complications. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and the area under the curve of plasma glucose (AUC-glucose) and insulin (AUC-insulin) concentration following an oral glucose tolerance test were measured, together with daily plasma cortisol (8 a.m., 3 p.m. and 12 a.m.; AUC-cortisol) and 8 a.m. cortisol after 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST).Results:IGT was present in 27% of patients who were older and had higher BMI, plasma triglycerides and uric acid, AUC-cortisol and DST-cortisol, and lower HDL-cholesterol. Frequency of IGT increased progressively across tertiles of DST-cortisol, together with levels of glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and C-peptide, HOMA-index, AUC-glucose, and AUC-insulin. AUC-cortisol and DST-cortisol were directly correlated with insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-index, AUC-glucose, and AUC-insulin. Multivariate regression analysis showed that DST-cortisol was directly and independently correlated with HOMA index, AUC-glucose, and AUC-insulin. In a logistic regression model, both AUC-cortisol and DST-cortisol independently predicted IGT.Conclusion:Daily cortisol and cortisol response to DST are independent determinants of IGT and insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with hypertension, suggesting that even subtle differences in regulation of cortisol secretion might increase the risk of these patients to develop diabetes.
Optimizing Telehealth Services
Authors: Pack Allison P. , Rusca Paula , Llaneza Josephine , Wismer Guisselle , Huang Wei , Zuleta Rodolfo , Bailey Stacy C. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic increased telehealth services in federally funded community health centers (CHCs). Yet little is known about common determinants of use among CHC patients.

Objective:
We examined the use of telehealth among patient participants at 1 large CHC network providing care to underserved populations at urban and suburban sites in the Midwest.

Methods:
We conducted a mixed-methods study utilizing a sequential explanatory design. Participants were English and/or Spanish-speaking adults who attended ≥1 visits for themselves or their child over a 12-month period at any practice location. Research staff conducted a structured phone survey of eligible adults. The results subsequently facilitated purposive sampling of telehealth “users” and “nonusers” for qualitative phone interviews.

Results:
The survey participants included 500 adults. Most had access to the resources needed to utilize telehealth, including a smartphone (90.4%) and home internet (83.0%). About half (50.8%) “rarely or never” had problems with internet speed, reliability, or quality. Most (81.1%) were aware of the patient portal and 59.8% had utilized video visits. Participants who were Spanish-speaking and with limited English proficiency faced some of the greatest barriers. Qualitative interview participants included 12 users and 12 nonusers of telehealth. Users found telehealth convenient and efficient, while nonusers lacked awareness about how telehealth services could be beneficial or needed assistance to sign up, join, or use telehealth.

Conclusions:
Most participants had the resources and awareness necessary to use telehealth services. Those who use them appreciate the convenience and efficiency. Nevertheless, additional support may be needed to prevent telehealth from exacerbating health inequities.
Medication Safety Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Veterans Treated at VA Versus Non-VA Hospitals
Authors: Weeda Erin R. , Ward Ralph , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Axon Robert N. , Taber David J. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Fragmentation of health care across systems can contribute to mistakes in prescribing and filling medications among patients treated for myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to compare omissions, duplications, and delays in outpatient medications used for secondary prevention among veterans treated for MI at Veterans Affairs (VA) versus non-VA hospitals.

Methods:
We utilized national VA and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data (2012–2018) to identify veterans 65 years or older hospitalized for MI and measured the use of outpatient medications for secondary prevention in the 30 days after MI among those treated at VA versus non-VA hospitals.

Results:
A total of 118,456 veterans experiencing MI were included; of which 102,209 were hospitalized at non-VA hospitals. An omission in any medication class occurred more frequently among veterans treated at non-VA versus VA hospitals (82.8% vs 67.8%, P < 0.001). In multivariable modeling, the odds of omissions in any medication class were higher among those treated at non-VA versus VA hospitals (odds ratio: 3.04; 95% CI: 2.88–3.20). Duplications occurred more frequently in veterans treated at non-VA versus VA hospitals: 1.9% versus 1.6% had 1 or more for non-VA versus VA hospitals (P < 0.001). Veterans treated at non-VA hospitals were more likely to have delays of 3 days or more in prescription fills after hospital discharge (88.4% vs 70.6% across all classes, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Omissions, duplications, and delays in outpatient prescribing of secondary prevention medications were more common among 118,456 veterans treated at non-VA versus VA hospitals for MI. Interventions aimed at improving care transitions and optimizing medication use among veterans treated at non-VA hospitals should be implemented.
Sweet swell of burning fat: emerging role of high-density lipoprotein in energy homeostasis
Authors: Kontush Anatol , Martin Maximiliano , Brites Fernando 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plays a central role in energy homeostasis. Mechanisms underlying the relationship between energy homeostasis and HDL however remain poorly studied.

Recent findings
Available evidence reveals that HDL is implicated in energy homeostasis. Circulating high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are affected by energy production, raising with increasing resting metabolic rate. Lipolysis of triglycerides as a source of energy decreases plasma levels of remnant cholesterol, increases levels of HDL-C, and can be cardioprotective. Switch to preferential energy production from carbohydrates exerts opposite effects.

Summary
Low HDL-C may represent a biomarker of inefficient energy production from fats. HDL-C-raising can be beneficial when it reflects enhanced energy production from burning fat.
Multicentre Study Into the Use of Polyethylene Glycol With Electrolytes Over at Least 6 Months to Treat Constipation in Paediatric Populations
Authors: Bautista-Casasnovas Adolfo , Argüelles-Martín Federico , Martín-Martínez Benjamín , Domínguez-Otero María Jose , Tavares Marta , Amil-Dias Jorge 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Constipation is a common clinical problem in children, for which the first-line therapeutic options are osmotic laxatives, mainly polyethylene glycol (PEG). These treatments are often prescribed for short or limited periods, with progressive treatment withdrawal often resulting in relapses. However, there are a few studies into the long-term use (≥6 months) of PEG 3350 with electrolytes (PEG+E) in terms of the patients’ clinical evolution.

Objectives:
To assess bowel movement and other relevant symptoms in children with constipation receiving PEG+E (≥6 months), as well as parent/caregiver satisfaction with this treatment.

Methods:
A retrospective, observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and multicentre study was carried out on 74 children diagnosed with functional constipation (ROME IV criteria) who had received PEG+E (≥6 months). Bowel control was assessed using the Bristol stool scale, and the parent’s/caregiver’s perception of the treatment was also evaluated employing a nonvalidated questionnaire.

Results:
Children with an average duration of constipation >1 year experienced a significant improvement in bowel movements and stool consistency when using PEG+E. The mean duration of use was 18.6 (±13.4) months, without the need to adjust the dose for weight. All clinical symptoms improved significantly except bloating, and all the parents/caregivers confirmed these clinical improvements.

Conclusions:
Children treated with PEG+E (≥6 months) normalised their bowel movements, improving the clinical symptoms related to constipation in the absence of serious advert events or the need for dosage adjustments due to weight gain. Parents/caregivers reported good satisfaction with PEG+E treatment.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children: The Role of Endoscopy and the Sheffield Scoring System in a Resource-Limited Setting
Authors: Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo Funke , Lesi Olufunmilayo Adenike , Odeghe Emuobor Aghoghor , Oyeleke Ganiyat , Croft Nicholas 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To document the clinical presentation, endoscopic diagnosis, and Sheffield scores of children with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding who were referred for endoscopy at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The participants who needed endoscopy based on clinical criteria and according to the Sheffield scores were also documented.

Methods:
This study analyzed the records of 111 children with GI bleeding retrospectively from January 2013 to January 2021, while 9 children were recruited prospectively from February 2021 to March 2022. Receiver operating curves and area under the curve were generated to test the ability of the Sheffield scores to predict rebleeds, mortality, and the need for endoscopic intervention for upper GI bleeds.

Results:
One hundred and twenty participants were recruited. Ninety-one (75.8%) presented with upper GI bleeding (UGIB), while 29 (24.2%) had lower GI bleeding (LGIB). Only 70 (58.3%) (53 UGIB and 17 LGIB) had endoscopy performed. For UGIB, 5 (9.4%) had no source of the bleeding identified at endoscopy, 12 (22.6%) had variceal bleeding, and 36 (67.9%) had nonvariceal bleeding. Colonoscopy revealed juvenile polyps in 5 (29.4%), indeterminate colitis in 5 (29.4%), ulcerative colitis in 4 (23.5%), Crohn’s disease in 1 (5.9%), and hemorrhoids in 2 (11.8%) participants, respectively. The Sheffield score was ≥8 in 42 (46.1%) of the participants who presented only with UGIB (hematemesis and melena). The scores were significantly related to the type of bleeds, rebleeds, and deaths (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:
The clinical and endoscopic findings in this study are similar to those reported previously. The Sheffield scoring was useful in assessing Nigerian children. However, due to limited access and other restraints, endoscopy was not performed on all the study participants even when the scoring system was suggestive. The availability, and therefore, utility of GI endoscopy in this setting are still suboptimal. The need for the provision of adequate equipment and resources and the training of personnel is thus recommended.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma—Southeast Asia Updates
Authors: Singh Satender Pal , Arora Vinod , Madke Tushar , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Classically, HCC develops in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to risk factors, especially in the presence of liver cirrhosis. Significant temporal and geographic variations exist for HCC and its etiologies. Over time, the burden of HCC has shifted from the low-moderate to the high sociodemographic index regions, reflecting the transition from viral to nonviral causes. Geographically, the hepatitis viruses predominate as the causes of HCC in Asia and Africa. Although there are genetic conditions that confer increased risk for HCC, these diagnoses are rarely recognized outside North America and Europe. In this review, we evaluate the epidemiologic trends and risk factors of HCC and discuss the prevention with surveillance and short management.
(Epi)genotype and Timing of Tongue Reduction Predict Safety and Long-Term Outcomes in Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome
Authors: Wagner Connor S. , Pontell Matthew E. , Salinero Lauren K. , Barrero Carlos E. , Drust William A. , Demarchis Madison , Liao Eric C. , Kalish Jennifer M. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Macroglossia is a cardinal feature of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) with a clinical spectrum where the indication and timing for surgery remain to be validated. This study leverages a cohort of molecularly characterized patients with BWS to correlate epigenetic diagnosis with phenotype and treatment outcome.

Methods:
Patients with BWS seen in consultation for macroglossia from 2009 to 2022 were reviewed for phenotype, molecular diagnosis, tongue reduction status, timing of surgery (early, less than 12 months), and perioperative complications.

Results:
A total of 237 patients were included. Imprinting control region 2 loss of methylation was the most common epigenotype (61%). Paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 11 included a larger proportion of patients undergoing tongue reduction (18%) than those not undergoing surgery (8%; P = 0.024) and was associated with need for repeated surgery (OR, 4.49; 95% CI, 1.06 to 18.98; P = 0.041). Complications including wound dehiscence, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and unplanned extubation were more common in patients undergoing early surgery (20%) than late surgery (4%; OR, 5.70; 95% CI, 1.14 to 28.55; P = 0.034).

Conclusions:
This study presents one of the largest cohorts correlating molecular diagnosis with clinical course of macroglossia treatment in BWS. Macroglossia in patients with paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 11 is associated with higher rates of reoperation. Relief of obstructive sleep apnea with early tongue reduction must be weighed against the risk of perioperative complications, most of which are nonsurgical. This study highlights how molecular diagnosis advances clinical care by risk stratifying clinical outcomes in a center providing integrated multidisciplinary care for the BWS population.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Hepatic Metastasis From Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Chen Shaoming , Lin Zefang , Wang Chao , Miao Weibing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 53-year-old man underwent both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to evaluate a mass in the left upper abdomen. The scans demonstrated intense uptake of both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA in the mass. However, a nodule in the left lobe of the liver showed increased uptake of 68Ga-PSMA, which was not FDG avid. Histopathological examination after surgical resection of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G2). Subsequently, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT demonstrated intense radioactivity of the nodule in the left lobe of the liver consistent with hepatic metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor.
Treatment of Multiple Bone Metastases of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With 225Ac-PSMA-617
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Zhang Yu , Su Dan , Zhang Yu , Chen Yue 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

177Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has emerged as a very promising therapy. However, some of the PSMA-expressing positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients never respond or develop resistance to 177Lu-PSMA. We present a case of castration-resistant prostate cancer with multiple bone metastases. Remission of clinical symptoms and imaging lesions can be observed after 4 cycles of 225Ac-PSMA-617 therapy. Moreover, the man did not have any observable adverse effects.
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Activity in Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Chen Longlan , Sun Rui , Liu Lisheng , Hua Jun , Chen Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare heterogeneous neoplasms. We present 68Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) PET/CT findings of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 57-year-old woman. This rare gallbladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma demonstrated intense tracer uptake on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT. This demonstrates the potential value of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for evaluation of gallbladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Aberrant pace of cortical neuron development in brain organoids from patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and schizophrenia
Authors: Rao Sneha B. , Brundu Francesco , Chen Yannan , Sun Yan , Zhu Huixiang , Shprintzen Robert J. , Tomer Raju , Rabadan Raul , Leong Kam W. , Markx Sander , Xu Bin , Gogos Joseph A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdults and children afflicted with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) exhibit cognitive, social, and emotional impairments, and are at significantly heightened risk for schizophrenia (SCZ). The impact of this deletion on early human brain development, however, has remained unclear. Here we harness organoid models of the developing human cerebral cortex, cultivated from subjects with 22q11.2DS and SCZ, as well as unaffected control samples, to identify cell-type-specific developmental abnormalities arising from this genomic lesion. Leveraging single-cell RNA-sequencing in conjunction with experimental validation, we find that the loss of genes within the 22q11.2 locus leads to a delayed development of cortical neurons. This compromised development was reflected in an elevated proportion of actively proliferating neural progenitor cells, coupled with a decreased fraction of more mature neurons. Furthermore, we identify perturbed molecular imprints linked to neuronal maturation, observe the presence of sparser neurites, and note a blunted amplitude in glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients. The aberrant transcription program underlying impaired development contains molecular signatures significantly enriched in neuropsychiatric genetic liability. MicroRNA profiling and target gene investigation suggest that microRNA dysregulation may drive perturbations of genes governing the pace at which maturation unfolds. Using protein-protein interaction network analysis we define complementary effects stemming from additional genes residing within the deleted locus. Our study uncovers reproducible neurodevelopmental and molecular alterations due to 22q11.2 deletions. These findings have the potential to facilitate disease modeling and promote the pursuit of therapeutic interventions.
Extramacrochaetae regulates Notch signaling in theDrosophilaeye through non-apoptotic caspase activity
Authors: Nair Sudershana , Baker Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany cell fate decisions are determined transcriptionally. Accordingly, some fate specification is prevented by Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins that interfere with DNA binding by master regulatory transcription factors. We show that theDrosophilaId protein Extra macrochaetae (Emc) also affects developmental decisions by regulating caspase activity. Emc, which prevents proneural bHLH transcription factors from specifying neural cell fate, also prevents homodimerization of another bHLH protein, Daughterless (Da), and thereby maintains expression of theDeath-Associated Inhibitor of Apoptosis(diap1) gene. Accordingly, we found that multiple effects ofemcmutations on cell growth and on eye development were all caused by activation of caspases. These effects included acceleration of the morphogenetic furrow, failure of R7 photoreceptor cell specification, and delayed differentiation of non-neuronal cone cells. Withinemcmutant clones, Notch signaling was elevated in the morphogenetic furrow, increasing morphogenetic furrow speed. This was associated with caspase-dependent increase in levels of Delta protein, the transmembrane ligand for Notch. Posterior to the morphogenetic furrow, elevated Delta cis-inhibited Notch signaling that was required for R7 specification and cone cell differentiation. Growth inhibition ofemcmutant clones in wing imaginal discs also depended on caspases. Thus,emcmutations reveal the importance of restraining caspase activity even in non-apoptotic cells to prevent abnormal development, in theDrosophilaeye through effects on Notch signaling.
Harnessing interestingness in supply chain management research: an empirical investigation and research agenda
Authors: El Baz Jamal , Jebli Fedwa , Gissel Andreas , Gourdin Kent 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe concept of interestingness has been investigated in several management disciplines but studies mobilizing such concept in supply chain management (SCM) to develop strategies for the field's advancement are relatively scarce. This research paper aims to investigate how SCM scholars rank attributes of interestingness and the strategies to harness interestingness in the field of SCM.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a mixed methods research design in which a survey on SCM researchers' ranking of interestingness' attributes and qualitative interviews with selected academics are conducted.FindingsThe findings highlight the importance given by SCM scholars to attributes such as rigor, relevance, novelty and communication and how they are interrelated. Also, other interestingness attributes are underlined by scholars during the qualitative interviews including inquisitiveness, engaging the reader, imaginativeness and entertainment. Furthermore, a research agenda to synthesize the propositions to develop interesting research is also proposed.Research limitations/implicationsInterestingness attributes such as rigor, relevance and novelty are discussed. Recommendations for interesting research are suggested which can be useful to scholars and journal editors. The findings of this research are also relevant for practitioners for a better understanding of academic/practice relationships to develop high impact collaboration.Originality/valueThis paper is among the few studies that focus on interestingness in SCM research from the perspective of scholars. In doing so, the authors seek to contribute to the classic debate in SCM field about “relevance-rigour” duality by providing a broader outlook based on interestingness and proposing a research agenda for prospective studies in the field.