bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between thrombohemorrhagic complications and platelet function in patients with essential thrombocythaemia
Authors: Raszeja‐Specht Anna , Skibowska Anna , Bieniaszewska Maria , Szutowicz Andrzej 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree subgroups have been distinguished in essential thrombocythaemia (ET) patients, on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. ET patients with bleeding incidents had smaller platelet volume, lower concentrations of β‐thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in their plasma, 10%, 26%, and 26% lower compared to patients without complications, respectively. ATP secretion from platelets of bleeders, clotters, and “no‐complications” ET patients was found to be 75%, 36%, and 45%, respectively, lower than in healthy people. Spontaneous platelet aggregation appeared to be normal in about 90% of ET patients with no complications and in all bleeders but only in 35% patients with clotting incidents. All bleeders had abnormal agonist‐evoked aggregation assays. Among remaining ET patients 30%–60% displayed normal values of different evoked aggregation tests. Thus, clinically distinguished group of bleeding ET patients may be differentiated from other subgroups on the basis of laboratory findings. Am. J. Hematol. 68:32–36, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress and work‐related upper extremity disorders: Implications for prevention and management
Authors: Pransky Glenn , Robertson Michelle M. , Moon Sam. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundA causal link between stress and work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities (WRUEDs) has been established, but there is less evidence for a beneficial effect of stress reduction interventions on WRUED symptoms and incidence.MethodsSearches of Medline, Ergonomics Abstracts, and Psychlit from 1990 to 2001 identified studies that either targeted stress and measured WRUED outcomes, or described other interventions with both stress and WRUED outcomes.ResultsWorkplace interventions, including discrete improvements in technology, work organization and ergonomics, and more comprehensive approaches can reduce levels of stress. In a few studies, these interventions have been associated with decreases in WRUED symptoms. Similar effects are noted in stress‐related interventions targeting individuals before WRUEDs have appeared, and at several stages of these conditions.ConclusionsHealth care providers can recognize stress–WRUED interactions through careful, directed inquiry. Both individual as well as workplace‐targeted interventions, delivered in the primary care setting or workplace, may be helpful. Future research priorities include prospective studies of well‐defined interventions, with ample measures of subject, intervention and workplace characteristics that can impact outcomes, and adequate follow‐up to determine sustained effects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:443–455, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of systemic sclerosis and exposure to solvents
Authors: Aryal Bishwa K. , Khuder Sadik A. , Schaub Eric A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough systemic sclerosis is a rare disease, incidence rates have increased recently in the United States. This study investigated the association between systemic sclerosis and exposure to solvents.MethodsA Medline search of articles published between 1966 and 2000 dealing with solvent exposure and systemic sclerosis identified eight studies that met inclusion criteria of the meta‐analysis. The studies included seven case‐control studies and one cohort study published between 1989 and 1998. A series of meta‐analyses of studies on systemic sclerosis and solvent exposure were performed for all studies and for case‐control studies. A random effect model was used to calculate a combined estimator of relative risk.ResultsThe combined estimator of relative risk for all studies was 2.91, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.60 to 5.30. The combined estimator of relative risk for the seven case‐control studies was 3.14 (95% CI, 1.56–6.33).ConclusionsA statistically significant increased relative risk for all studies and for case‐control studies suggests that exposure to organic solvent may be a risk factor for developing systemic sclerosis. Further studies using other study designs and better control of confounders are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:271–274, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic screen and follow‐up analysis for autistic disorder
Authors: Shao Yujun , Wolpert Chantelle M. , Raiford Kimberly L. , Menold Marisa M. , Donnelly Shannon L. , Ravan Sarah A. , Bass Meredyth P. , McClain Cate , von Wendt Lennart , Vance Jeffery M. , Abramson Ruth H. , Wright Harry H. , Ashley‐Koch Allison , Gilbert John R. , DeLong Robert G. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAutistic disorder (AutD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social, communicative, and behavioral functioning. A genetic basis for AutD is well established with as many as 10 genes postulated to contribute to its underlying etiology. We have completed a genomic screen and follow‐up analysis to identify potential AutD susceptibility loci. In stage one of the genome screen, 52 multiplex families (two or more AutD affected individuals/family) were genotyped with 352 genetic markers to yield an approximately 10 centimorgan (cM) grid, inclusive of the X chromosome. The selection criterion for follow‐up of interesting regions was a maximum heterogeneity lod score (MLOD) or a maximum nonparametric sib pair lod score (MLS) of at least 1.0. Eight promising regions were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 15, 18, 19, and X. In the stage two follow‐up study we analyzed an additional 47 multiplex families (total = 99 families). Regions on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 15, 19, and X remained interesting (MLOD ≥ 1.0) in stage two analysis. The peak lod score regions on chromosomes 2, 7, 15, 19, and X overlap previously reported peak linkage areas. The region on chromosome 3 is unique. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further evidence for the association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase gene
Authors: Roman Tatiana , Schmitz Marcelo , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Eizirik Mariana , Rohde Luis A. , Hutz Mara H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a very common and heterogeneous psychiatric disorder of childhood with marked inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms. The DBH gene, the locus that encodes the enzyme dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DβH), seems to be an important candidate gene for association studies, since DβH catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. The aim of this study was to test for association between the DBH gene and ADHD in a sample of 88 Brazilian nuclear families. Haplotype relative risk (HRR) analysis of the DBH TaqI restriction site polymorphism showed a preferential transmission of the TaqI A2 allele in our whole ADHD sample (χ2 = 3.61, one‐tailed P = 0.03). The significant effect of the A2 allele was stronger when only families with no ADHD parental diagnosis were considered (χ2 = 5.42, one‐tailed P = 0.01). Our results suggest a contribution of this gene to ADHD susceptibility, partially replicating previous findings that have demonstrated an association between the DBH TaqI A2 allele and ADHD. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the CACNA1A gene as a candidate for typical migraine susceptibility
Authors: Lea Rod A. , Curtain Robert P. , Hutchins Colin , Brimage Peter J. , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTypical migraine is a complex neurological disorder comprised of two main subtypes: migraine with (MA) and without aura (MO). The disease etiology is still unclear, but family studies provide strong evidence that defective genes play an important role. Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a very rare and severe subtype of MA. It has been proposed that FHM and MA may have a similar genetic etiology. Therefore, genetic studies on FHM provide a useful model for investigating the more prevalent types of typical migraine. FHM in some families has been shown to be caused by mutations in a brain‐specific P/Q‐type calcium channel α1 subunit gene (CACNA1A) on chromosome 19p13. There has also been a report of a CACNA1A mutation being associated with MA in a patient from a family with predominant FHM. We have previously demonstrated suggestive linkage of typical migraine in a large Australian family to the FHM region on chromosome 19p13. These findings suggest that CACNA1A may also be implicated in the etiology of typical migraine in this pedigree. To investigate this possibility, we sequenced two patients carrying the critical susceptibility haplotype surrounding CACNA1A. No disease‐causing mutations or polymorphisms were revealed in any of the 47 exons screened. To determine whether the CACNA1A gene was implicated in typical migraine susceptibility in the general Caucasian population, we also analyzed 82 independent pedigrees and a large case control group. We did not detect any linkage or association in these groups and conclude that if CACNA1A plays a role in typical migraine, it does not confer a major effect on the disease. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colony specificity in a social call of mouse lemurs (Microcebus ssp.)
Authors: Zimmermann Elke , Hafen Thomas G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNocturnal primate species are often difficult to discriminate by gross visual bodily characteristics. This is also true for the world’s smallest primate taxon, the Malagasy mouse lemurs. Recent findings imply that this taxon contains sibling species that can be diagnosed noninvasively by their species‐specific advertisement call. We used comparative bioacoustics in order to explore variation of this call type and to assess species status of three European colonies. Acoustic variation was compared within and between colonies as well as with known species‐specific differences. It was further related to morphological and genetic variations to investigate in how far it covaries with them. Results show that acoustic and genetic differences revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting separated colonies reliably, but were on a different level than known species‐specific differences. A Mantel test showed that acoustic differences were weakly correlated to genetic, but not to morphological differences. Our study is the first to reveal that both acoustic signaling and genetics clearly establish the species status for nocturnal primate populations. It also suggests that acoustic traits change at a more obvious and rapid pace than morphology in isolated populations, and may be used as an indication of conditions that may favor the evolution of subspecies. Am. J. Primatol. 54:129–141, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interferon‐β therapy for multiple sclerosis induces reciprocal changes in interleukin‐12 and interleukin‐10 production
Authors: Byrnes Adriana A. , McArthur Justin C. , Karp Christopher L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterleukin–12 is critical to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in multiple species. Interleukin‐10, a dominant endogenous inhibitor of interleukin‐12, is largely protective in these experimental surrogates for multiple sclerosis. Such data have suggested that an interleukin‐12/interleukin‐10 immunoregulatory circuit is a key determinant of disease expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. For multiple sclerosis itself, compatible cytokine data have been reported. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of interferon‐β in multiple sclerosis remain unclear, hampering the search for more effective therapies. Of note, interferon‐β has reciprocal effects on these cytokines in vitro, suppressing interleukin‐12 and augmenting interleukin‐10 production. To examine the effects of interferon‐β on the interleukin‐12/interleukin‐10 axis in multiple sclerosis, we characterized the production of these cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients beginning therapy with interferon‐β. Before therapy, multiple sclerosis patients exhibited increased stimulatable interleukin‐12 production compared with controls. Interferon‐β therapy leads to inhibition of interleukin‐12 and augmentation of interleukin‐10 production, significantly elevating the ratio of secreted interleukin‐10 to interleukin‐12. These effects, observed equally in patients with relapsing‐remitting and progressive disease, indicate that interferon‐β affects the interleukin‐12/interleukin‐10 axis in ways thought to be beneficial to multiple sclerosis patients. More specific therapeutic targeting of these pathways may be warranted.
Evolution of the response to levodopa during the first 4 years of therapy
Authors: Nutt John G. , Carter Julie H. , Lea Eric S. , Sexton Gary J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe short‐duration response, long‐duration response, and dyskinetic response to levodopa change during long‐term levodopa therapy. How these responses evolve, and which changes contribute to the emergence of motor fluctuations, remain unclear. We studied 18 subjects with Parkinson's disease before they began levodopa therapy and after 6, 12, 24, and 48 months of long‐term levodopa therapy. The responses to 2‐hour levodopa infusions after overnight and after 3 days of levodopa withdrawal were studied from 6 months onward. The mean magnitude of the short‐duration response and the long‐duration response measured after overnight without antiparkinsonian medications did not change during the 4 years. However, after 3 days without levodopa, it was apparent that the short‐duration‐response magnitude was progressively increasing (p < 0.0001) and that the long‐duration response was decaying more rapidly (p = 0.0004). The short‐duration‐response magnitude at 4 years was inversely related to the long‐duration‐response magnitude (p = 0.022), suggesting that the long‐duration response was one determinant of the short‐duration‐response magnitude. Dyskinesia increased progressively in severity during the study (p = 0.013). The duration of the short‐duration response and dyskinesia did not change during the 4 years. Subject reports of motor fluctuations tended to be associated with a large short‐duration response (p = 0.054). We suggest that a larger long‐duration response, rather than a shortened one, is more important to the development of fluctuations. Improving the baseline or practical‐off motor function to reduce the magnitude of the short‐duration response may be a strategy to treat fluctuations.
Poststreptococcal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with basal ganglia involvement and auto‐reactive antibasal ganglia antibodies
Authors: Dale Russell C. , Church Andrew J. , Cardoso Francisco , Goddard Elizabeth , Cox Tim C. , Chong W. K. “Kling” , Williams Amanda , Klein Nigel J. , Neville Brian G. , Thompson Edward J. , Giovannoni Gavin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAntibasal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) are associated with Sydenham's chorea and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections. We present 10 patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) associated with Group A β hemolytic streptococcal infection. The clinical phenotype was novel, with 50% having a dystonic extrapyramidal movement disorder, and 70% a behavioral syndrome. None of the patients had rheumatic fever or Sydenham's chorea. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect ABGA. Neurological (n = 40) and streptococcal (n = 40) controls were used for comparison. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results showed significantly elevated ABGA in the patients with poststreptococcal ADEM. Western immunoblotting demonstrated ABGA reactivity to three dominant protein bands of 60, 67, or 80 kDa; a finding not reproduced in controls. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry demonstrated specific binding to large striatal neurones, which was not seen in controls. Streptococcal serology was also significantly elevated in the poststreptococcal ADEM group compared with neurological controls. Magnetic resonance imaging studies showed hyperintense basal ganglia in 80% of patients with poststreptococcal ADEM, compared to 18% of patients with nonstreptococcal ADEM. These findings support a new subgroup of postinfectious autoimmune inflammatory disorders associated with Group A β hemolytic streptococcus, abnormal basal ganglia imaging, and elevated ABGA.
Effects of the energy dissipation rate and surface erosion on the biodegradation of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) and its blends with synthetic polymers in an aquatic medium
Authors: Lo Wing Hung , Jian Yu  
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe anaerobic biodegradation of polymers by soil microorganisms was investigated in shaking flask cultures at different rotation speeds or energy dissipation rates. The polymers included poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL), polystyrene (PS), two binary PHBV/PCL blends (80/20 and 25/75 w/w), and a triple PHBV/PCL/PS blend (76/5/19 w/w/w). The specific degradation rate of PHBV found from the specimen's residual mass fraction with time was constant after a lag phase and was significantly affected by the agitation strength (<0.5 day−1 at 60 rpm or lower and >15 day−1 at 120 rpm or greater). Tiny polymer fragments were formed on the specimen surface and observed with scanning electron microscopy during degradation. The detachment of those fragments under high hydraulic shear stress caused surface erosion and renewal, resulting in the high degradation rate. The hydraulic shear stress (0.6 Pa) at an energy dissipation rate of 0.5 W/kg was a threshold level, above which the external force did not increase the degradation rate very much. PHBV degradation in the binary blends with compatible PCL was retarded, depending on the blend composition. Blending PHBV with noncompatible PS did not affect PHBV degradation, and the overall degradation rate of the triple blend was faster than the rate of PHBV alone because of the surface erosion of both PHBV and nondegradable PS fragments from the specimens. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1036–1045, 2002
The influence of processing parameters on the properties of melt‐spun polypropylene hollow fibers
Authors: De Rovere Anne , Grady Brian P. , Shambaugh Robert L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIsotactic polypropylene hollow fibers were produced by melt spinning. Spinning speeds up to 1880 m/min were used, and sample hollowness (percentage void in cross section) ranged from 0 to 69%. The fiber samples were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, birefringence, tensile testing, and differential scanning calorimetry. The hollow fibers were found to have higher crystallinity, orientation, and strength than the analogous solid fibers. In general, the polymer orientation in a hollow fiber was larger than the orientation in a solid fiber, even when the spinning speed for the latter was much larger. For a fixed outer diameter, increasing the hollowness improved fiber properties. However, as hollowness was further increased, fiber properties declined slightly. At a given percentage hollowness, increased spinning speed increased modulus and tenacity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1759–1772, 2002
Synthesis and characterization of new polyureas derived from 4‐(4′‐Methoxyphenyl)urazole
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour E. , Hajipour Abdol‐Reza , Raheno Hossein 
Published: August 2002

Abstract4‐(4′‐Methoxyphenyl)urazole (MPU) was prepared from 4‐methoxybenzoic acid in five steps. The reaction of monomer MPU with n‐isopropylisocyanate was performed at room temperature in N,N‐dimethylformamide solution, and the resulting bis‐urea derivative was obtained in high yield and was finally used as a model for polymerization reaction. The step‐growth polymerization reactions of monomer MPU with hexamethylene diioscyanate, isophorone diioscyanate, and toluene‐2,4‐diioscyanate were performed in N,N‐dimethylacetamide solution in the presence of pyridine as a catalyst. The resulting novel polyureas have an inherent viscosity (ηinh) in a range of 0.07–0.21 dL/g in DMF and sulfuric acid at 25°C. These polyureas were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, and TGA. Some physical properties and structural characterization of these novel polyureas are reported. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1141–1146, 2002
Dyeing transition temperature of wools treated with low temperature plasma, liquid ammonia, and high‐pressure steam in dyeing with acid and disperse dyes
Authors: Lee Muncheul , Wakida Tomiji , Lee Myung Sun , Pak Pyong Ki , Chen Jierong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWool fibers treated with oxygen low‐temperature plasma, liquid ammonia (NH3), and high‐pressure (HP) steam were dyed with two acid and three disperse dyes. Rate of dyeing, saturation dye uptake, and dyeing transition temperature were measured. Rate of dyeing of the O2 plasma, NH3, and HP steam‐treated wools increased with acid dyes, whereas it did not increase with disperse dyes. Although dyeing transition temperature for acid dyes was decreased by the plasma, NH3, and HP steam treatments, the temperature for disperse dyes was not changed by the treatments. Therefore, it seems that acid dyes penetrate by the intercellular diffusion through the interscale Cell Membrane Complex (CMC) of wool, whereas disperse dyes penetrate by the intracellular diffusion through the intrascale cuticle surface independently with CMC relaxation by the treatments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1058–1062, 2001
Study on ultrasonic induced encapsulating emulsion polymerization in the presence of nanoparticles
Authors: Xia Hesheng , Zhang Chuhong , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the ultrasonic induced encapsulating emulsion polymerization technique was used to prepare polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composites. The main affecting factors in ultrasonic induced encapsulating emulsion polymerization were studied systematically. The experimental results suggested that the pH value, the type of monomers, the type, content, and surface properties of nanoparticles, the type and concentration of surfactant have great influence on the ultrasonic induced encapsulating emulsion polymerization and the obtained latex stability. If selecting cationic emulsifier (such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide), low water soluble monomer (such as n‐butyl acrylate and styrene), and hydrophobic nano silica, the inorganic nanoparticles could be encapsulated by polymers through ultrasonic irradiation successfully under alkalescent condition, forming a novel polymer/inorganic nanoparticles composite. The mechanism of ultrasonic induced encapsulating emulsion polymerization and the composite latex stabilization are proposed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1130–1139, 2001
Preparation of bipolar membranes (I)
Authors: Hao Ji Hua , Chen Cuixian , Li Lin , Yu Lixin , Jiang Weijun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe bipolar membranes were prepared by charged material of polysulfone as a base. The bipolar membranes were composed of a solvent‐resistant anion exchange layer with a crosslinking matrix prepared by the reaction of chloromethylated polysulfone in DMF with diamine, an interfacial layer made from chloromethylated polysulfone solution in DMF containing cation exchange resin and amine, and a cation exchange layer made from sulfonated polysulfone dispersing cation resin powder. The prepared bipolar membrane can exhibit lower voltage drop over 100 mA/cm2. The critical requirement for producing bipolar membranes of low potential drop is the creation of a thin interfacial region with a low electrical resistance and a suitable chemical structure, which act to catalyze water splitting. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1658–1663, 2001