bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Dynamic Hybrid RANS-LES Turbulence Modeling for CFD Simulation of a Normal Jet in Crossflow
Authors: Simmonds Cole C. , Walters D. Keith , Leylek James H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The jet in crossflow is a canonical flow feature in many natural and engineered systems, ranging from pollutant dispersal in exhaust discharge to film cooling of high-temperature components in modern aerospace propulsion systems. The ability to computationally predict the flow features of jets in crossflow accurately and efficiently is therefore important for analysis and design for a wide variety of applications. In this study the capabilities of the dynamic hybrid RANS-LES (DHRL) turbulence modeling approach are investigated and compared to an industry standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model (k-ω SST) in order to validate the accuracy of the two approaches. CFD simulations of a row of square vertical jets issuing into a wall-bounded crossflow were performed. Simulations were run for three different jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios using both models. To validate the computational results, the jet flow Reynolds number, density ratio, and velocity ratios were selected to match those used in a previously published experimental study [1]. Velocity measurements obtained from the experimental data plots were compared to the corresponding velocity measurements obtained from the results of both the DHRL and the RANS model. Results highlight the advantages of a hybrid RANS-LES modeling approach for jet-in-crossflow simulations.
Investigating the Effects of Feedback Time Delay in Human Upright Stability Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Neupane Kushal , Chagdes James R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study of human postural instability and its mechanism is critical for understanding the fall mechanics and the underlying factors engendering the instability in human postural balance. This is especially crucial given that the identification of these instabilities aid in the identification of fall risk, fall prevention strategies, and rehabilitation post-fall. In this study, we analyze the postural instability of upright human stance and the mechanisms responsible for the induction of this instability through artificial manipulation of the visual sensory feedback time through the application of virtual reality (VR). Previous studies have established the existence of instability via limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs) when the combination of neuromuscular gain and delay is excessive in a mathematical model, but experimental proof remains elusive. Through the manipulation of the visual sensory feedback in VR, we try to understand and evaluate specific neuromuscular mechanics, such as delay in feedback and its effects on muscle strength resulting in instability. Also, we try to observe the existence of compensating behavior in upright balance in subjects after the time of sustained delay.
Thermal Characteristics of Computer CPU Coolers Operating With a Pressurized Working Fluid
Authors: Das Shuva , Molki Majid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Working fluids used in the CPU coolers significantly affect the cooling performance. While many aspects of working fluids have been explored, only a few studies explain the effect of pressurized working fluids. The model cooler investigated in this study represents an air-cooled type of desktop CPU cooler. A computational domain from the whole cooler is selected, taking advantage of symmetry. With Reynolds number and temperature ranging from 100 to 2000 and 35°C to 95°C, a conjugate heat transfer analysis on the grid-independent domain brings out the Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds number at a fixed Prandtl number. The Prandtl number remains constant here because the atmospheric pressure of the air was considered. Then further investigation is performed with an increase in air pressure from 10 to 100 atm. And associated thermal characteristics are analyzed. Results suggest that heat transfer increases with the increase in air pressure only up to a certain point of 20 atm. Heat transfer is maximum for the same air pressure when the Reynolds number is maximum. This way, the present study helps define the working fluids’ optimum design pressure limit in such coolers.
Exploring Efficacy of Machine Learning (Artificial Neural Networks) for Enhancing Reliability and Resilience of Thermal Energy Storage Platforms Utilizing Phase Change Materials for Sustainability and Mitigating Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Nexus
Authors: Sudhir Pinjala Sai , Banerjee Debjyoti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) platforms can help balance the difference between energy consumption and supply. Phase change materials (PCMs) can enhance the performance of TES platforms by improving their resilience and reliability, as the high latent heat values of PCMs allow for more compact form factors. Inorganic PCMs have higher latent heat values than organic PCMs, but their reliability is often compromised due to their requirement for a high degree of supercooling for initiating nucleation for freezing. The “Cold Finger Technique (CFT)” can mitigate this issue by leaving a small portion of the PCM un-melted during the melt cycle, facilitating spontaneous nucleation during the freezing cycle. This study uses machine learning (ML) techniques to leverage the effectiveness of CFT by training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict the time required to reach a designated melt-fraction of the PCM with outstanding accuracy. However, the fidelity of the dataset used to train the ANN algorithm can impact the accuracy of the predictions. The prediction errors were in the order ≤ 10% of the time required to reach the desired melt-fraction and are drastically bigger at 99% and 100% melt-fractions.
Experimental Investigation of the Nano-Fin Effect (nFE) During Thin Film Evaporation From Nanopores Using Temperature Nano-Sensors
Authors: Shafer Juliet , Lee Jonghyun , Banerjee Debjyoti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in micro/nano-fabrication has enabled the deployment of nanostructured surfaces, nanochannels, and nanoporous membranes for development of new generation thermal management devices with remarkable potential for heat transfer enhancement. Anomalous heat transfer has been reported in studies involving heaters with nanostructured surfaces. For example, nanofins with lower thermal conductivity values can cause higher levels of enhancement in heat flux values, especially during phase change (such as for boiling on heaters with nanostructured surfaces). In addition, confinement of fluid in nanopores can also result in anomalous properties. This is manifest in anomalous production curves during hydraulic fracturing operations in oil and gas applications. A transport model that resolves these conundrums is termed as the “nanoFin Effect (nFE)”. nFE is governed by interfacial phenomena, i.e., the formation of thermal impedances in parallel circuit configuration: (a) interfacial thermal resistance (also known as “Kapitza resistance”); (b) thermal capacitor; and (c) thermal diode (that form at the interface between each nanoparticle and the surface adsorbed thin-film of solvent molecules). nFE (i.e., primarily the interfacial thermal diode effect) also leads to preferential trapping of ions on the surface adsorbed thin film of solvent molecules leading to very high concentration gradients causing drastic reduction in corrosion.
The motivation of this study was to explore nFE during thin film evaporation from nanopores. The methods used in this study include mounting a nano-thermocouple array (also termed as Thin Film Thermocouples or “TFT”) on a hot plate and observing the transient response recorded by the TFT array when a small liquid droplet (of fixed mass or volume) is dispensed on to an isotropic AAO membrane containing nanopores. In this study, two different pore sizes were explored: 200 nm and 10 nm. The experiments were performed using acetone and isopropyl alcohol droplets for four different temperature settings of the heated membrane (containing the nanopores).
Multiphase Modeling of Droplet-Based 3D Printing: Predicting Printability, Resolution and Shape Fidelity in Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Shah Rauf G. , Mohan Ram V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The multi-phase flow during the evolution of droplets in the printing process is modeled using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. It involves solving basic Navier-Stokes and Continuity equations for an incompressible flow with two or more immiscible phases on a finite volume grid. An indicator function keeps track of the interfaces and calculates the surface tension forces. A grid independence study showed convergence, indicating the efficacy of the solutions. The computational model agreed well with the experimental data and captured the impact, spreading, and recoiling of the droplet impinging on a solid surface.
The computational model also validated the droplet’s interaction with hydrophilic surface for constant and dynamic contact angles. Relevant non-dimensional numbers (Re, We, Oh) are also considered to study the interplay of different forces associated with droplet impact on a solid surface. The final quality of the printing depends on the droplet dynamics associated with the deposition. This phenomenon is governed by body forces (Surface Tension, gravity), contact angle, dissipative forces due to motion, and material properties. Computational studies give an insight into the overall process performance and the final print quality for different process conditions and material properties.
BioMEL: a translational research biobank of melanocytic lesions and melanoma
Authors: Helkkula Teo , Christensen Gustav , Ingvar Christian , Isaksson Karolin , Harbst Katja , Persson Bertil , Ingvar Åsa , Hafström Anna , Carneiro Ana , Gaspar Viktoria , Jönsson Göran , Nielsen Kari 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionDiagnosing invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM) can be challenging due to subjectivity in distinguishing equivocal nevi, melanoma in situ and thin CMs. The underlying molecular mechanisms of progression from nevus to melanoma must be better understood. Identifying biomarkers for treatment response, diagnostics and prognostics is crucial. Using biomedical data from biobanks and population-based healthcare data, translational research can improve patient care by implementing evidence-based findings. The BioMEL biobank is a prospective, multicentre, large-scale biomedical database on equivocal nevi and all stages of primary melanoma to metastases. Its purpose is to serve as a translational resource, enabling researchers to uncover objective molecular, genotypic, phenotypic and structural differences in nevi and all stages of melanoma. The main objective is to leverage BioMEL to significantly improve diagnostics, prognostics and therapy outcomes of patients with melanoma.Methods and analysisThe BioMEL biobank contains biological samples, epidemiological information and medical data from adult patients who receive routine care for melanoma. BioMEL is focused on primary and metastatic melanoma, but equivocal pigmented lesions such as clinically atypical nevi and melanoma in situ are also included. BioMEL data are gathered by questionnaires, blood sampling, tumour imaging, tissue sampling, medical records and histopathological reports.Ethics and disseminationThe BioMEL biobank project is approved by the national Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr. 2013/101, 2013/339, 2020/00469, 2021/01432 and 2022/02421-02). The datasets generated are not publicly available due to regulations related to the ethical review authority.Trial registration numberNCT05446155.
What factors in the workplace enable success in antimicrobial stewardship in paediatric intensive care? An exploration of antimicrobial stewardship excellence through thematic analysis of appreciative inquiry interviews with healthcare staff
Authors: Roche Emma , Jones Alison , Plunkett Adrian 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health problem. Efforts to mitigate AMR prioritise antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions. These interventions typically focus on deficiencies in practice and providing negative or normative feedback. This approach may miss opportunities to learn from success. We aimed to identify factors that enable success in AMS practices in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) by analysing the data obtained from interviews with staff members who had achieved success in AMS.DesignQualitative study design using thematic analysis of appreciative inquiry interviews with healthcare staff.Setting31-bedded PICU in the UK between January 2017 and January 2018.Participants71 staff who had achieved success in AMS in the PICU.ResultsSix themes were identified: (1) cultural factors including psychological safety, leadership and positive attitude are important enablers for delivering good clinical care; (2) ergonomic design of the physical environment and ready availability of tools and resources are key elements to support good practice and decision-making; (3) expertise and support from members of the multidisciplinary team contribute to good care delivery; (4) clarity of verbal and written communication is important for sharing mental models and aims of care within the clinical team; (5) a range of intrinsic factors influences the performance of individual HCPs, including organisation skill, fear of failure, response to positive reinforcement and empathetic considerations towards peers; (6) good clinical care is underpinned by a sound domain knowledge, which can be acquired through training, mentorship and experience.ConclusionThe insights gained in this study originate from frontline staff who were interviewed about successful work-as-done. This strengths-based approach is an understudied area of healthcare, and therefore offers authentic intelligence which may be leveraged to effect tangible improvement changes. The methodology is not limited to AMS and could be applied to a wide range of healthcare settings.
Experiences and perspectives related to shared decision-making among outpatients with degenerative joint disease in Taiwan: a qualitative study
Authors: Chuang Yeu-Hui , Wang Chih-Chien , Hsiao Chih-Yin , Lu Chien-Yeh , Wu Jeng‑Cheng , Hou Wen-Hsuan 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesVarious treatment options are available for degenerative joint disease (DJD). During clinical visits, patients and clinicians collaboratively make decisions regarding the optimal treatment for DJD; this is the essence of shared decision-making (SDM). Here, we collated and assessed the SDM-related experiences and perspectives of outpatients with DJD in Taiwan.DesignIn-depth interviews and thematic analysis.SettingPrimary care clinics of a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan, October 2021–May 2022.Participants21 outpatients with at least three visits for DJD and who were aware of SDM.ResultsFour main themes emerged in this study: first, equipping themselves with knowledge: outpatients obtained disease-related and treatment-related knowledge in various ways—seeking relevant information online, discussing with family and friends, learning from their own experiences or learning from professionals. Second, shared or not shared: physicians had different patterns for communicating with patients, particularly when demonstrating authority, performing mutual discussion, respecting patient preferences or responding perfunctorily. Third, seldom saying no to physician-prescribed treatment plans during clinical visits: most patients respected physicians’ professionalism; however, some patients rejected physicians’ recommendations indirectly, whereas some responded depending on their disease prognosis. Fourth, whose call?—participants decided to accept or reject a treatment plan independently or by discussing it with their families or by obeying their physicians’ recommendations.ConclusionsIn general, patients with DJD sought reliable medical information from various sources before visiting doctors; however, when having a conversation with patients, physicians dominated the discussion on treatment options. The patient–physician interaction dynamics during the SDM process determined the final medical decision, which was in accordance with either patients’ original autonomy or physicians’ recommendations. To alleviate medical paternalism and physician dominance, patients should be empowered to engage in medical decision-making and share their opinions or concerns with their physicians. Family members should also be included in SDM.
Ceragenin-coated endotracheal tubes for the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a prospective, longitudinal, cross-over, interrupted time, implementation study protocol (CEASE VAP study)
Authors: Symonds Nicola E , Meng Eric X M , Boyd John Gordon , Boyd Tracy , Day Andrew , Hobbs Hailey , Maslove David M , Norman Patrick A , Semrau Joanna S , Sibley Stephanie , Muscedere John 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCritically ill patients are at high risk of acquiring ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which occurs in approximately 20% of mechanically ventilated patients. VAP results either from aspiration of pathogen-contaminated oropharyngeal secretions or contaminated biofilms that form on endotracheal tubes (ETTs) after intubation. VAP results in increased duration of mechanical ventilation, increased intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, increased risk of death and increased healthcare costs. Because of its impact on patient outcomes and the healthcare system, VAP is regarded as an important patient safety issue and there is an urgent need for better evidence on the efficacy of prevention strategies. Modified ETTs that reduce aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions with subglottic secretion drainage or reduce the occurrence of biofilm with a coating of ceragenins (CSAs) are available for clinical use in Canada. In this implementation study, we will evaluate the efficacy of these two types of Health Canada-licensed ETTs on the occurrence of VAP, and impact on patient-centred outcomes.MethodsIn this ongoing, pragmatic, prospective, longitudinal, interrupted time, cross-over implementation study, we will compare the efficacy of a CSA-coated ETT (CeraShield N8 Pharma) with an ETT with subglottic secretion drainage (Taper Guard, Covidien). The study periods consist of four alternating time periods of 11 or 12 weeks or a total of 23 weeks for each ETT. All patients intubated with the study ETT in each time period will be included in an intention-to-treat analysis. Outcomes will include VAP incidence, mortality and health services utilisation including antibiotic use and length of stay.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board at Queen’s University. The results of this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publication and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05761613.
Cosmic-ray boosted dark matter in Xe-based direct detection experiments
Authors: Maity Tarak Nath , Laha Ranjan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) collaboration has achieved the strongest constraint on weak-scale dark matter (DM)-nucleon spin-independent (SI) scattering cross section in a large region of parameter space. In this paper, we take a complementary approach and study the prospect of detecting cosmic-ray boosted sub-GeV DM in LZ. In the absence of a signal for DM, we improve upon the previous constraints by a factor of $$\sim 2$$

∼
2

using the LZ result for some regions of the parameter space. We also show that upcoming XENONnT and future Darwin experiments will be sensitive to cross sections smaller by factors of $$\sim 3$$

∼
3

and $$\sim 10$$

∼
10

compared to the current LZ limit, respectively.
Neurostigma Enderlein, 1990: new records, update diagnosis, description, redescription, description increment of females, and a new synonymy (Psocodea: “Psocoptera”: Epipsocidae)
Authors: Reategui Natália Soares , Rafael José Albertino , Silva-Neto Alberto Moreira da 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we treat three species of Neurostigma. For the first, N. roesleri New, 1980 we provide illustrations of the holotype, a revised diagnosis, the female redescription, including the first description of the spermatheca and a distribution map of the species considering N. garcialdretei Mendivil Nieto, Gonzalez Obando & Carrejo Gironza, 2020 syn. nov. For the second species, N. enderleini New, we redescribe the male, describe and illustrate the unknown female, and provide a revised diagnosis and new records for the Brazilian states of Amapá and Rondônia. For the third species, N. xanthopterum New, 1980, we include the first description and illustration of the spermatheca.
Discurso, resistência e poder: as mulheres marítimas nos enunciados do romance Mar Morto (1936), de Jorge Amado
Authors: Fernandes Júnior Antônio , Coimbra Gustavo Amaral , Amorim Marcelo Vinicius Costa 
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, da perspectiva da Análise do Discurso, recortes de enunciados do romance Mar Morto (1936), de Jorge Amado, para refletir sobre os discursos de resistência produzidos pelas personagens femininas, em oposição ao sistema vigente, construído no contexto do livro, que às objetiva como frágeis e dependentes aos seus companheiros. Além disso, com este trabalho pretendemos compreender os processos de produção das subjetividades das mulheres, que viviam no cais baiano, e o funcionamento das relações de poder construídas no romance. Para efetuar as análises, tomamos como ferramentas metodológicas, os estudos de Análise do Discurso realizados por Michel Foucault (1972-2006-2009), sobretudo as noções de discurso, enunciado, poder e resistência. Além disso, acionamos os estudos de gênero realizados por Judith Butler (2000-2003) a fim de desenvolver a discussão acerca das objetivações feitas a mulheres e homens na sociedade retratada na ficção. Resultou-se, pois, na constatação e compreensão dos processos de formação de sujeitos que permitem que as mulheres passem de uma condição de passividade para um movimento de ruptura e resistência.
The Influence of Alpha Frequency on Temporal Binding across the Senses: Response to the Special Focus
Authors: Noppeney Uta , Pesci Ugo Giulio , Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The papers collected in this Special Focus, prompted by S. Buergers and U. Noppeney [The role of alpha oscillations in temporal binding within and across the senses. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 732–742, 2022], have raised several interesting ideas, arguments, and empirical results relating to the alpha temporal resolution hypothesis. Here we briefly respond to these, and in the process emphasize four challenges for future research: defining the scope and limitation of the hypothesis; developing experimental paradigms and study designs that rigorously test its tenets; decomposing the scalp-level signal and isolating underlying neural circuits; and bringing uniformity to the current diversity of analysis and statistical methods. Addressing these challenges will facilitate the progression from merely correlating alpha frequency with various perceptual phenomena to establishing whether and (if so) how alpha frequency influences sensory integration and segregation.
Record High 2022 September-Mean Temperature in Western North America
Authors: Xie Jinbo , Tang Qi , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Lin Wuyin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Human-induced warming is estimated to have increased occurrence probability (magnitude) of the record-breaking September 2022 heat event in western North America by 6–67 times (0.6–1 K) by E3SMv2 and even higher by coupled regional refined model (RRM) simulations.