bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond traditional therapies: clinical significance of complex molecular profiling in patients with advanced solid tumours—results from a Turkish multi-centre study
Authors: Olmez Omer Fatih , Bilici Ahmet , Er Ozlem , Bisgin Atil , Sevinc Alper , Akman Tulay , Uslu Ruchan , Mandel Nil Molinas , Yalcin Suayib , Teomete Mehmet , Gorumlu Gurbuz , Demir Atakan , Namal Esat , Alici Suleyman , Selcukbiricik Fatih , Bavbek Sevil , Paksoy Fatma , Basaran Gul , Ozer Leyla , Sener Nur , Harputluoglu Hakan ,   TUMPACT Study Group
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this multi-centre, real-world study was to examine the potential influence of comprehensive molecular profiling on the development of treatment decisions or adjustments for patients with advanced solid malignancies. We then evaluated the impact of these informed choices on patient treatment outcomes.

Methods
The study encompassed 234 adult patients (mean age: 52.7 ± 14.3 years, 54.7% women) who were diagnosed with solid tumours at 21 different medical centres in Turkey. Remarkably, 67.9% of the patients exhibited metastasis at the time of diagnosis. We utilized an OncoDNA (Gosselies, Belgium) platform (OncoDEEP) integrating next-generation sequencing with additional tests to harvest complex molecular profiling data. The results were analyzed in relation with two specific outcomes: (i) the impact on therapeutic decisions, including formulation or modifications, and (ii) associated treatment response.

Results
Out of the 228 patients with final molecular profiling results, 118 (50.4%) had their treatment modified, whilst the remaining 110 (47.0%) did not. The response rates were comparable, with 3.9 versus 3.4% for complete response, 13.6 versus 29.3% for partial response, 66.9 versus 51.7% for progressive disease and 15.5 versus 15.5% for stable disease for treatments informed and not informed by complex molecular profiling, respectively (P = 0.16).

Conclusion
Our real-world findings highlight the significant impact of complex molecular profiling on the treatment decisions made by oncologists for a substantial portion of patients with advanced solid tumours. Regrettably, no significant advantage was detected in terms of treatment response or disease control rates.
Ontogenetic variability in the diel activity pattern of the marine gastropodCassis cornuta(Mollusca: Cassidae)
Authors: Calle Lala Grace , Cabaitan Patrick C , Sayco Sherry Lyn G , Tan Shau Hwai , Conaco Cecilia 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTExamining activity patterns is essential in understanding gastropod feeding and movement ecology. However, the diel activity patterns of large-bodied gastropods, such as Cassis cornuta, remain poorly studied. Here, we conducted outdoor hatchery-based experiments to examine the diel activity patterns of C. cornuta adults and juveniles under natural sunlight and photoperiod. Activities of C. cornuta, such as crawling, hunting, feeding, burrowing and resting on the substratum, were examined every hour for 3 days. Although most individuals were inactive for a greater part of the observation period, active behaviours were recorded for some individuals during both daytime and nighttime, suggesting that C. cornuta is cathemeral, as supported by a nonsignificant result from a Rayleigh's test of uniformity. A higher proportion of adult and juvenile C. cornuta were inactive, either burrowed or resting on the substratum, during the 24-h period. Peak activity time for juveniles started at 20:00, with up to 50% of individuals active, while peak activity time for adults started at 21:00, with up to 20% of active individuals. Adults spent more time resting aboveground, whereas juveniles spent more time burrowed under the sand when not feeding. Juveniles hunted more frequently and spent more time feeding compared to adults. Additionally, juveniles crawled faster and were more successful in capturing sea urchins than adults. The information on variability in the diel activity patterns and movement rates between adult and juvenile C. cornuta would allow further demographic studies, and provide insights into possible conservation strategies for this species.
Volunteer officers’ experiences in law enforcement work in Malaysia and the USA
Authors: Cheah Phaik Kin , Britton Iain , Wolf Ross , Tey Tiny Chiu Yuen , Dobrin Adam , Unnithan N Prabha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Volunteer corps serve as vital components of law enforcement agencies worldwide, significantly contributing to community safety and well-being. This study probes the experiences of police volunteers from Malaysia and the United States of America serving as sworn officers vested with a defined sphere of legal policing authority. A rich, descriptive qualitative approach underpinned our exploration, with semi-structured interviews conducted with 18 volunteer officers – nine from each country. Three salient themes were generated: rewarding, challenging, and empowering. This study unveils a blend of shared and unique experiences in law enforcement work among volunteer officers across the two countries, shedding light on the transformative personal impact of volunteer policing. Unearthing a seldom explored dimension of volunteer law enforcement, this study offers a novel, comparative insight into the experiences of volunteer police officers. It thereby provides valuable input on an international scale to enhance our understanding of this crucial aspect of community safety.
Trajectories of Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorder Among Adults With Chronic Pain and HIV: An Observational Study
Authors: Perez Hector R. , Deng Yuting , Zhang Chenshu , Groeger Justina L. , Glenn Matthew , Richard Emma , Pazmino Ariana , De La Cruz Ana Alicia , Prinz Melanie , Starrels Joanna L. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesIn a longitudinal cohort of patients with HIV and chronic pain, we sought to (1) identify trajectories of opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD) symptoms, and to (2) determine whether prescription opioid dose was associated with symptom trajectories.MethodsWe leveraged an existing 12-month longitudinal observational study, Project PIMENTO, of persons living with HIV and chronic pain who received care at a hospital system in the Bronx, New York. A quota sampling strategy was used to ensure variability of prescribed opioid use in the recruited sample. Research interviews occurred quarterly and assessed opioid behaviors and criteria for OUD. To describe symptom trajectories, we conducted 2 separate longitudinal latent class analyses to group participants into (1) opioid misuse and (2) OUD trajectories. Finally, we used multinomial logistic regression models to examine the relationship between baseline prescription opioid dose and symptom trajectories.ResultsOf 148 total participants, at baseline 63 (42.6%) had an active opioid prescription, 69 (46.6%) met the criteria for current opioid misuse, and 44 (29.7%) met the criteria for current OUD. We found 3 opioid misuse and 3 OUD symptom trajectories, none of which showed worsened symptoms over time. In addition, we found that higher prescription opioid dose at baseline was associated with a greater OUD symptom trajectory.ConclusionsOpioid misuse and OUD were common but stable or decreasing over time. Although these results are reassuring, our findings also support prior studies that high-dose opioid therapy is associated with greater OUD symptoms.
Clinical Relevance of Painful Congenital Early-onset Scoliosis: A Magnetic Resonance Image-based Study
Authors: Ramirez Norman , Deliz-Jimenez David , Torres-Lugo Norberto , Olivella Gerardo , Cahill Patrick , Gupta Purnendu , Garg Sumeet , Pahys Joshua , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Back pain, as a clinical marker in scoliosis, has been associated with underlying pathology for many years, warranting further magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Failures of segmentation, mixed defects, female gender, rib anomalies, congenital thoracic anomalies, and neurocutaneous markers are known risk factors for abnormal MRI pathology findings in patients with congenital early-onset scoliosis (Congenital-EOS). Yet, back pain has not been evaluated as a risk factor for underlying MRI pathology in patients with Congenital-EOS. This study aimed to assess back pain as a risk factor for underlying pathology in Congenital-EOS using MRI as a diagnostic tool.

Methods:
A retrospective database review from the Pediatric Spine Study Group (PSSG) of all patients with Congenital-EOS who reported a back pain complaint, and underwent a spinal MRI study before surgical intervention was performed. Patients were divided into those with an underlying MRI pathology and those without. Demographics were compared between groups.

Results:
From a total of 2355 patients with Congenital-EOS registered in PSSG, 107 patients reported a back pain complaint, with only 42 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria (being evaluated with an MRI study). Overall group mean age was 8.1±4.5 years, with 25 of the 42 patients (60%) being females. Twenty-four of 42 patients (57%) had a comorbidity reported such as cardiac problems, musculoskeletal complaints, neurological deficits/myelopathy, gastrointestinal symptoms, developmental delay, respiratory problems, craniofacial abnormalities, and chromosomal conditions. An underlying MRI pathology was found in 21 of 42 patients with Congenital-EOS (50%) with back pain. The underlying MRI pathologies found were tethered spinal cord, spinal canal stenosis, syringomyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and arachnoid cyst.

Conclusions:
Abnormal MRI findings are common in patients with Congenital-EOS who report back pain. Gender, age, major coronal curve angle, thoracic or lumbar predominance deformity, and comorbidities type or amount were not associated with abnormal MRI findings.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—Prognostic study.
Treatment of Delbet II/III Pediatric Femoral Neck Fractures With Proximal Femoral Locking Plate Versus Cannulated Screws
Authors: Haider Shamrez , Harris Timothy J. , Turner Alexander C. , Podeszwa David A. , Hartman Courtney A. , Morris William Z. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Complications following operative treatment of pediatric femoral neck fractures include nonunion, coxa vara, and avascular necrosis (AVN). Proximal femoral locking plates (PFLPs) provide a fixed-angle construct that may reduce the rates of coxa vara, but their use in pediatric femoral neck fractures has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate rates of union, coxa vara, and AVN in traumatic pediatric femoral neck fractures treated with PFLP or cannulated screws (CS).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed all traumatic, nonpathologic Delbet II/III femoral neck fractures in patients below 18 years of age treated with PFLP or CS. All cases had ≥6 months of radiographic follow-up to evaluate for osseous union and AVN. Changes in proximal femoral alignment were determined by measuring injured and contralateral femoral neck-shaft angle and articulotrochanteric distance (ATD) between 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
Forty-two patients were identified with mean age at surgery of 10.7±2.9 years (range 3.3 to 16.3 years) and mean follow-up of 36±27 months. Sixteen patients (38%) underwent PFLP fixation, whereas 26 patients (62%) underwent CS fixation. When compared with the CS cohort, the PFLP cohort had a greater proportion of males (87.5% vs. 50%, P=0.02) and Delbet III fractures (68.8% vs. 15.4%, P<0.001). There was no difference between PFLP and CS cohorts with respect to rates of union (81% vs. 88%, respectively, P=0.66), AVN (25% vs. 35%, respectively, P=0.73), or secondary surgery (62% vs 62%, P=0.95). There was no significant difference in neck-shaft angle between injured and contralateral hips in those patients treated with PFLP (P=0.93) or CS (P=0.16). However, the ATD was significantly decreased in hips treated with CS compared with the contralateral hip (18.4±4.6 vs. 23.3±4.2 mm, P=0.001), with no significant difference in the PFLP group (P=0.57).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that the use of a PFLP in Delbet II/III femoral neck fractures does not appear to significantly increase nonunion rates or AVN and maintains anatomic ATD when compared with screw fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic study.
Ketamine for Primary Analgosedation in Critically Ill Surgery and Trauma Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Peters Bradley J. , Kooda Kirstin J. , Brown Caitlin S. , Miles Todd M. , Kangas Corrie A. , Mara Kristin C. , Rivera Mariela , Skrupky Lee P. 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate effectiveness and safety outcomes associated with the use of ketamine for primary analgosedation in the surgical/trauma ICU setting.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Academic medical center in Minnesota.

PATIENTS:
Patients admitted to the surgical ICU between 2015 and 2019 requiring mechanical ventilation and meeting one of three definitions for ketamine primary analgosedation were included: 1) no concomitant opioid infusion, 2) ketamine monotherapy for greater than or equal to 6 hours with subsequent opioid infusion, or 3) ketamine initiated concomitantly or within 4 hours of opioid and total opioid duration less than 4 hours.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS:
Use of ketamine, analgesics, and sedatives were evaluated. Pain, sedation, and delirium assessments immediately before and during ketamine infusion were collected and compared with reported goals. Concomitant analgesics, sedatives, and psychotropics were recorded. Reported failures due to ineffectiveness and toxicity were collected.

MAIN RESULTS:
Of 164 included patients, 88% never received a concomitant opioid infusion (primary analgosedation definition 1), 12% met alternative criteria for primary analgosedation (definitions 2 and 3). A majority, 68%, were surgical admissions and mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score was 90 (± 30). Median mechanical ventilation duration was 2.5 days (1.1–4.5) and ICU length of stay of 4.9 days (3–8). The median ketamine infusion dose and duration were 0.18 mg/kg/hr (0.1–0.3) and 30 hours (15.1–51.8). Concomitant infusions of propofol and dexmedetomidine were administered in 49% and 29% of patients, respectively. During ketamine infusion, the median percent of total pain scores at goal was 62% (33–96%), while 64% (37–91%) of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale scores were at goal, and 47% of patients were Confusion Assessment Method-ICU positive during the ketamine infusion. Hallucinations were documented in 14% of patients and ketamine failure occurred in 11% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ketamine may be an effective primary analgosedation option in intubated surgical ICU patients, but prospective randomized studies are needed to evaluate this strategy.
Individualized brain mapping for navigated neuromodulation
Authors: Gao Chaohong , Wu Xia , Cheng Xinle , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Chu Congying , Yang Zhengyi , Fan Lingzhong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The brain is a complex organ that requires precise mapping to understand its structure and function. Brain atlases provide a powerful tool for studying brain circuits, discovering biological markers for early diagnosis, and developing personalized treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuromodulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation, have revolutionized clinical therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the lack of fine-scale brain atlases limits the precision and effectiveness of these techniques. Advances in neuroimaging and machine learning techniques have led to the emergence of stereotactic-assisted neurosurgery and navigation systems. Still, the individual variability among patients and the diversity of brain diseases make it necessary to develop personalized solutions. The article provides an overview of recent advances in individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of these techniques. The article concludes by posing open questions about the future development of individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation.
Strengthening Public Health Through Primary Care and Public Health Collaboration: Innovative State Approaches
Authors: Baum Nancy M. , Iovan Samantha , Udow-Phillips Marianne 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Partnerships are increasingly critical to achieve the mission of public health. We sought to understand the levers and tools that states use to better connect public health and primary care in efforts to strengthen public health.

Design:
We reviewed literature focused on collaborative or integrative efforts between primary care and public health and examined strategies employed by 4 innovative states: North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington. Using a purposive convenience sample, we conducted semistructured interviews with 17 state experts from January to March 2023. We asked leaders to describe their approaches to data sharing, communication, and systems change that could be adopted or adapted by other states interested in better connecting primary care and public health systems. We recorded and coded interviews.

Participants:
Seventeen state leaders from North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington.

Main Outcome Measures:
Key experiences, strategies, policy levers, and lessons for integration or collaboration between primary care and public health sectors, both common and divergent, across the states.

Results:
State activity can be categorized by 3 actions: (1) endeavors to support relationship building, both formal and informal; (2) efforts to employ coordinating bodies and champions to ensure all necessary actors are included in planning and communications with clear roles; and (3) approaches to identifying and elevating essential system elements and the change levers to support them. The integration is built primarily on the well-resourced medical care system rather than the public health system.

Conclusion:
States are engaged in creative approaches to collaboration between public health and primary care. Building blocks include backbone organizations, leadership training programs, payment reform spheres, interoperable data platforms, and intentional efforts to build relationships. Collaboration between primary care, public health, and community-based organizations is an opportunity to strengthen public health systems while staying focused on improving the public's health.
An Interactive Modeling Tool for Projecting the Health and Direct Medical Cost Impact of Changes in the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention Program Budgets
Authors: Martin Erika G. , Ansari Bahareh , Gift Thomas L. , Johnson Britney L. , Collins Dayne , Williams Austin M. , Chesson Harrell W. 
Published: January 2024

Context:
Estimating the return on investment for public health services, tailored to the state level, is critical for demonstrating their value and making resource allocation decisions. However, many health departments have limited staff capacity and expertise to conduct economic analyses in-house.

Program:
We developed a user-friendly, interactive Excel-based spreadsheet model that health departments can use to estimate the impact of increases or decreases in sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention funding on the incidence and direct medical costs of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and STI-attributable HIV infections. Users tailor results to their jurisdictions by entering the size of their population served; the number of annual STI diagnoses; their prior annual funding amount; and their anticipated new funding amount. The interface was developed using human-centered design principles, including focus groups with 15 model users to collect feedback on an earlier model version and a usability study on the prototype with 6 model users to finalize the interface.

Implementation:
The STI Prevention Allocation Consequences Estimator (“SPACE Monkey 2.0”) model will be publicly available as a free downloadable tool.

Evaluation:
In the usability testing of the prototype, participants provided overall positive feedback. They appreciated the clear interpretations, outcomes expressed as direct medical costs, functionalities to interact with the output and copy charts into external applications, visualization designs, and accessible information about the model's assumptions and limitations. Participants provided positive responses to a 10-item usability evaluation survey regarding their experiences with the prototype.

Discussion:
Modeling tools that synthesize literature-based estimates and are developed with human-centered design principles have the potential to make evidence-based estimates of budget changes widely accessible to health departments.
Pretreatment Interstitial Lung Abnormalities Detected on Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Jeong Won Gi , Lee Jeong Yeop , Lee Hyo-Jae , Lee Byung Chan , Lim Hyo Soon , Kim Yun-Hyeon 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveProstate cancer and interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) share similar risk factor, which is men and older age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pretreatment ILA among prostate cancer patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) within 1 year at their first visit to the urology department. In addition, we aimed to assess the association between pretreatment ILA and long-term survival in prostate cancer patients.MethodsThis study was conducted in patients who had a first visit for prostate cancer at urology department between 2005 and 2016 and underwent an abdominal CT within 1 year. A thoracic radiologist evaluated the presence of ILA through inspecting the lung base scanned on an abdominal CT. The association between pretreatment ILA and survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test. Specific survival rates at 12, 36, and 60 months according to the presence of ILA were evaluated usingz-test. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors of mortality.ResultsA total of 173 patients were included (mean age, 70.23 ± 7.98 years). Pretreatment ILA was observed in 10.4% of patients. Patients with ILA were more likely to be older and current smokers. Pretreatment ILA was associated with poor survival (P< 0.001). Age ≥70 years (hazards ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–3.16;P= 0.004), metastatic stage (HR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.36–3.74;P= 0.002), and ILA (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.06–3.60;P= 0.031) were the independent risk factors of mortality. An ILA (HR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.78–8.72;P= 0.001) was the only independent risk factor of mortality in localized stage prostate cancer patients.ConclusionsThis study provides important insights into the unexplored effect of pretreatment ILA in prostate cancer patients. Pretreatment ILAs were observed considerably in the lung bases scanned on the abdominal CT scans among prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, pretreatment ILAs were the risk factor of mortality. Therefore, lung bases should be routinely inspected in the abdominal CT scans of prostate cancer patients. This result may help clinicians in establishing personalized management strategy of prostate cancer patients.