bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optogenetic approaches for neural tissue regeneration a review of basic optogenetic principles and target cells for therapy
Authors: Eldar Davletshin , Albert Sufianov , Tatyana Ageeva , Galina Sufianova , Albert Rizvanov , Yana Mukhamedshina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins. This review article discusses the fundamental principles of optogenetics, including the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory opsins, as well as the development of optogenetic models that utilize recombinant viral vectors. A considerable portion of the article addresses the limitations of optogenetic tools and explores strategies to overcome these challenges. These strategies include the use of adeno-associated viruses, cell-specific promoters, modified opsins, and methodologies such as bioluminescent optogenetics. The application of viral recombinant vectors, particularly adeno-associated viruses, is emerging as a promising avenue for clinical use in delivering opsins to target cells. This trend indicates the potential for creating tools that offer greater flexibility and accuracy in opsin delivery. The adaptations of these viral vectors provide advantages in optogenetic studies by allowing for the restricted expression of opsins through cellspecific promoters and various viral serotypes. The article also examines different cellular targets for optogenetics, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells. Utilizing specific promoters for opsin expression in these cells is essential for achieving precise and efficient stimulation. Research has demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation of both neurons and glial cells—particularly the distinct phenotypes of microglia, astrocytes, and Schwann cells—can have therapeutic effects in neurological diseases. Glial cells are increasingly recognized as important targets for the treatment of these disorders. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the emerging field of bioluminescent optogenetics, which combines optogenetic principles with bioluminescent proteins to visualize and manipulate neural activity in real time. By integrating molecular genetics techniques with bioluminescence, researchers have developed methods to monitor neuronal activity efficiently and less invasively, enhancing our understanding of central nervous system function and the mechanisms of plasticity in neurological disorders beyond traditional neurobiological methods. Evidence has shown that optogenetic modulation can enhance motor axon regeneration, achieve complete sensory reinnervation, and accelerate the recovery of neuromuscular function. This approach also induces complex patterns of coordinated motor neuron activity and promotes neural reorganization. Optogenetic approaches hold immense potential for therapeutic interventions in the central nervous system. They enable precise control of neural circuits and may offer new treatments for neurological disorders, particularly spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Microglial intervention in ischemic stroke: roles and intervention strategies
Authors: Ji Cuiling , Sheng Lixinbei , Han Kaijun , Yuan Ping , Li Wei , Chen Lu , Gao Yongyue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate. As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a stroke. Their dynamic activation and polarization states are key factors that influence the disease process and treatment outcomes. This review article investigates the role of microglia in ischemic stroke and explores potential intervention strategies. Microglia exhibit a dynamic functional state, transitioning between pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This duality is crucial in ischemic stroke, as it maintains a balance between neuroinflammation and tissue repair. Activated microglia contribute to neuroinflammation through cytokine release and disruption of the blood–brain barrier, while simultaneously promoting tissue repair through anti-inflammatory responses and regeneration. Key pathways influencing microglial activation include Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. These pathways are targets for various experimental therapies aimed at promoting M2 polarization and mitigating damage. Potential therapeutic agents include natural compounds found in drugs such as minocycline, as well as traditional Chinese medicines. Drugs that target these regulatory mechanisms, such as small molecule inhibitors and components of traditional Chinese medicines, along with emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, offer new therapeutic strategies and clinical translational potential for ischemic stroke.
Neuronal guidance signaling in neurodegenerative diseases: key regulators that function at neuron-glia and neuroimmune interfaces
Authors: Yuasa-Kawada Junichi , Kinoshita-Kawada Mariko , Hiramoto Masaki , Yamagishi Satoru , Mishima Takayasu , Yasunaga Shin’ichiro , Tsuboi Yoshio , Hattori Nobutaka , Wu Jane Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The nervous system processes a vast amount of information, performing computations that underlie perception, cognition, and behavior. During development, neuronal guidance genes, which encode extracellular cues, their receptors, and downstream signal transducers, organize neural wiring to generate the complex architecture of the nervous system. It is now evident that many of these neuroguidance cues and their receptors are active during development and are also expressed in the adult nervous system. This suggests that neuronal guidance pathways are critical not only for neural wiring but also for ongoing function and maintenance of the mature nervous system. Supporting this view, these pathways continue to regulate synaptic connectivity, plasticity, and remodeling, and overall brain homeostasis throughout adulthood. Genetic and transcriptomic analyses have further revealed many neuronal guidance genes to be associated with a wide range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the precise mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling drives the pathogenesis of these diseases remain to be clarified, emerging evidence points to several common themes, including dysfunction in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, along with dysregulation of neuron-microglia-astrocyte, neuroimmune, and neurovascular interactions. In this review, we explore recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aberrant neuronal guidance signaling contributes to disease pathogenesis through altered cell–cell interactions. For instance, recent studies have unveiled two distinct semaphorin-plexin signaling pathways that affect microglial activation and neuroinflammation. We discuss the challenges ahead, along with the therapeutic potentials of targeting neuronal guidance pathways for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Particular focus is placed on how neuronal guidance mechanisms control neuron-glia and neuroimmune interactions and modulate microglial function under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, we examine the crosstalk between neuronal guidance signaling and TREM2, a master regulator of microglial function, in the context of pathogenic protein aggregates. It is well-established that age is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration. Future research should address how aging and neuronal guidance signaling interact to influence an individual’s susceptibility to various late-onset neurological diseases and how the progression of these diseases could be therapeutically blocked by targeting neuronal guidance pathways.
Unilateral giant tarsal papillae as a rare presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Bakal Komal , Singh Swati 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report a rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis as an isolated unilateral giant tarsal papillae. A 30-year-old female presented with persistent unilateral giant tarsal papillae that developed ulceration following a supratarsal steroid injection. There was no regional lymphadenopathy. Incision biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation with giant cells within the tarsal conjunctiva without evidence of acid-fast bacilli or fungus. The patient was evaluated for systemic granulomatous diseases and was found to have a positive Mantoux test and elevated anti-nuclear antibody levels. Meanwhile, she developed submandibular lymph node enlargement, and a biopsy from the lymph node showed caseous necrosis with granulomatous inflammation, which confirmed tuberculosis. She was started on antitubercular therapy, and her eyelid and lymph nodes showed complete resolution, which was maintained until 1 year of follow-up. Primary tuberculous conjunctivitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral giant papillae, and steroid injection should be avoided without ruling out infection.
Numerous liver abscesses after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for decompensated liver cirrhosis: A case report
Authors: Luo Shi-Hua , Wang Zhao-Han , Chen Jie , Chen Jian-Yong 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Liver cirrhosis patients can develop various complications including bacteremia as the intestinal flora is heterologous. In those with low immunity, trauma, or following surgery, etc ., the body is susceptible to concurrent systemic or local infections. Under these circumstances, even minimally invasive treatment methods such as interventional therapy like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for liver cirrhosis patients can also result in complications such as infections.
CASE SUMMARY
A male patient with decompensated cirrhosis experienced multiple episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding and hypersplenism. He was admitted to hospital due to voluntary remedial TIPS. The patient developed a numerous intrahepatic liver abscess postoperatively. Following initial conservative treatment with intravenous antibiotics and parenteral nutrition, three months after TIPS, the liver abscess had disappeared on imaging examination. At the 6-month postoperative follow-up, outpatient re-examination showed that the patient had recovered and the liver abscess had resolved.
CONCLUSION
Attention should be paid to decreased blood cell counts, especially low leukocyte levels in patients with liver cirrhosis as the presence of intestinal microbiota dysregulation and portal pyemia can result in liver abscess and sepsis during invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures like TIPS. The addition of probiotics might reduce the risk in such patients.
Equilibrium phase images of the liver using a contrast-enhancement boost instead of the portal vein phase
Authors: Tachibana Yuji , Otsuka Kenichiro , Shiroo Tomoaki , Asayama Yoshiki 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Three-phase dynamic computed tomography imaging is particularly useful in the liver region. However, dynamic imaging with contrast media has the disadvantage of increased radiation exposure due to multiple imaging sessions. We hypothesized that the contrast enhancement boost (CE-boost) technique could be used to enhance the contrast in equilibrium phase (EP) images and produce enhancement similar to that of portal vein phase (PVP) images, and if this is possible, EP imaging could play the same role as PVP imaging. We also speculated that this might allow the conversion of three-phase dynamic imaging to biphasic dynamic imaging, reducing patients’ radiation exposure.
AIM
To determine if the CE-boost of EP, CE-boost (EP) is useful compared to a conventional image.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 52 patients who were diagnosed with liver cancer between January 2016 and October 2022 at our institution. From these computed tomography images, CE-boost images were generated from the EP and plane images. We compared the PVP, EP, and CE-boost (EP) for blood vessels and hepatic parenchyma based on the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio, and figure-of-merit (FOM). Visual assessments were also performed for vessel visualization, lesion conspicuity, and image noise.
RESULTS
The CE-boost (EP) images showed significant superiority compared to the PVP images in the CNR, signal-to-noise ratio, and FOM except regarding the hepatic parenchyma. No significant differences were detected in CNR or FOM comparisons within the hepatic parenchyma (P = 0.62, 0.67). The comparison of the EP and CE-boost (EP) images consistently favored CE-boost (EP). Regarding the visual assessment, the CE-boost (EP) images were significantly superior to the PVP images in lesion conspicuity, and the PVP in image noise. The CE-boost (EP) images were significantly better than the EP images in the vessel visualization of segmental branches of the portal vein and lesion conspicuity, and the EP in image noise.
CONCLUSION
The image quality of CE-boost (EP) images was comparable or superior to that of conventional PVP and EP. CE-boost (EP) images might provide information comparable to the conventional PVP.
Assessment of superior mesenteric vascular flow quantitation in children using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: Leesmidt Kantheera , Vakil Parmede , Verstraete Sofia , Liu Amanda R , Durand Rachelle , Courtier Jesse 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a noninvasive modality for assessing hemodynamic information with neurovascular and body applications. The application of 4D flow MRI for assessment of bowel disease in children has not been previously described.
AIM
To determine feasibility of superior mesenteric venous and arterial flow quantitation in pediatric patients using 4D flow MRI.
METHODS
Nine pediatric patients (7-14 years old, 5 male and 4 female) with history or suspicion of bowel pathology, who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) enterography with 4D flow MR protocol from November 2022 to October 2023. Field strength/sequence: 3T MRI using 4D flow MR protocol. Flow velocity and peak speed measurements were performed by two diagnostic radiologists placing the region of interest in perpendicular plane to blood flow on each cross section of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) at three predetermined levels. Bland-Altman analysis, showed good agreement of flow velocity and peak speed measurements of SMV and SMA between two readers.
RESULTS
Mean SMV flow velocity increased from proximal to mid to distal (0.14 L/minute, 0.17 L/minute, 0.22 L/minute respectively). Mean SMA flow velocity decreased from proximal to mid to distal (0.35 L/minute, 0.27 L/minute, 0.21 L/minute respectively). Observed agreement was good for flow velocity measurements of SMV (mean bias -0.01 L/minute and 95% limits of agreement, -0.09 to 0.08 L/minute) and SMA (mean bias -0.03 L/minute and 95% limits of agreement, -0.23 to 0.17 L/minute) between two readers. Good agreement for peak speed measurements of SMV (mean bias -1.2 cm/second and 95% limits of agreement, -9.4 to 7.0 cm/second) and SMA (mean bias -3.2 cm/second and 95% limits of agreement, -31.4 to 24.9 cm/second).
CONCLUSION
Flow quantitation using 4D Flow is feasible to provide hemodynamic information for SMV and SMA in children.
Model Peningkatan Komitmen Organisasi Melalui Keadilan Organisasi dan Komunikasi : Studi pada STIE Mah-Eisa Manokwari
Authors: Hammar Yunus Tekad Kurniadi Ruslak , Mattalatta Mattalatta , Ansasr Ansasr , Kurniawaty Kurniawaty 
Published: February 2025

Membangun komitmen bagi setiap anggota di dalam organisasi adalah salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dalam kemajuan organisasi untuk mencapai tujuannya. Komitmen organisasi adalah suatu sikap atau tingkah laku positif dari anggota organisasi yang menunjukkan adanya kesetiaan dan keterikatan terhadap organisasi tempat mereka bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Model peningkatan komitmen organisasi melalui keadilan organisasi dan komunikasi, dengan Studi pada STIE Mah-Eisa Manokwari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan analisis regresi berganda, Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 39 karyawan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh sehingga semua populasi dijadikan sampel yakni sebanyak 39 responden. Data penelitian diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Regeresi Linear Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Keadilan organisasi dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara parsial terhadap komitmen organsasi, Keadilan organisasi dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secarasimultan terhadap komitmen organsasi. Hasil uji determinasi menunjukkan nilai R Square sebesar 0,742. Hal ini berarti 74,2% variabel komitmen organisasi (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel keadilan organisasi (X1) dan komunikasi (X2), Sedangkan sisanya 25,8% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian ini.
Perancangan Telegram Chatbot untuk Mendukung Proses Pendaftaran Rawat Jalan Pasien Umum pada Puskesmas Sedong Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Nugraha Perdana Wira , Muhammad Maula Ismail , Karmanto Bambang , Khasanah Lina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHealthcare facilities continue to develop the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR), including patient registration systems, to improve service efficiency. Puskesmas Sedong has adopted the Mobile JKN application for outpatient registration of BPJS patients. However, general patient registration still requires on-site registration, which is considered less effective. This study aims to design a Telegram Chatbot system to support electronic registration for general patients. The method used is black box testing, with testing conducted on three visitors to the Puskesmas selected randomly to evaluate the system's functionality and effectiveness. The results indicate that the Telegram Chatbot system operates effectively, meeting user needs and enabling a faster, more efficient outpatient registration process for general patients. The system also reduces waiting times and minimizes the need for direct interaction, offering a more practical solution for patients. This study concludes that the Telegram Chatbot system has significant potential to replace the less practical manual registration method with a more effective digital approach. Broader implementation and further testing are recommended to optimize the system and support digital transformation in healthcare services, particularly in Puskesmas. Keyword: registration, outpatient, online, telegram, chatbot AbstrakFasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (fasyankes) terus mengembangkan penerapan Rekam Medis Elektronik (RME), termasuk sistem registrasi pasien, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pelayanan. Puskesmas Sedong telah menggunakan aplikasi Mobile JKN untuk pendaftaran rawat jalan pasien BPJS, tetapi pendaftaran pasien umum masih dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi, yang dinilai kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem Telegram Chatbot untuk mendukung pendaftaran pasien umum secara elektronik. Metode yang digunakan adalah black box testing, dengan pengujian dilakukan oleh tiga pengunjung Puskesmas yang dipilih secara acak untuk mengevaluasi fungsionalitas dan efektivitas sistem. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem Telegram Chatbot berfungsi dengan baik dan sesuai kebutuhan, sehingga mampu membuat proses pendaftaran pasien umum menjadi lebih mudah, cepat, dan efisien. Sistem ini juga dinilai dapat mengurangi waktu tunggu dan meminimalkan interaksi langsung, memberikan pengalaman yang lebih praktis bagi pasien umum. Dengan hasil ini, penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sistem Telegram Chatbot memiliki potensi besar untuk menggantikan metode pendaftaran langsung yang kurang praktis dengan pendekatan digital yang lebih efektif. Implementasi sistem secara lebih luas serta pengujian tambahan direkomendasikan untuk memastikan optimalisasi dan mendukung transformasi digital dalam pelayanan kesehatan, khususnya di Puskesmas. Kata Kunci: pendaftaran, rawat jalan, online, telegram, chatbot
Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Program Studi Rekam Medis Pasca Pandemi
Authors: Sevilla Flavia , Rumana Nanda Aula , Sonia Dina , Putra Daniel Happy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMotivation is a movement within a person, one of which is learning. High motivation will create good results, too. This research aims to determine the description of learning motivation in students of the Medical Records and Health Information study program at Esa Unggul University in the post-pandemic period through six indicators, namely intrinsic, extrinsic, task value, learning control, self-efficacy, and anxiety. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 82 students from three different classes. The results of this research show that based on intrinsic indicators 75.2%, extrinsic 81.4%, task value 76.5%, learning control 76.5%, self-efficacy 80.3%, and anxiety 73.4%), the results obtained that post-pandemic medical records students' learning motivation was 51.2% high motivation and 48.8% low motivation.Keyword: medical record students, learning motivation, MSLQ AbstrakMotivasi merupakan gerakan dalam diri seseorang salah satunya dalam belajar. Motivasi yang tinggi akan menciptakan hasil yang baik juga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran motivasi belajar pada mahasiswa Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan Universitas Esa Unggul di pasca pandemi melalui enam indikator yakni intrinsik, ekstrinsik, nilai tugas, pengendalian pembelajaran, efikasi diri, dan kecemasan. Penelitian ini memakai metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 82 mahasiswa dengan tiga angkatan berbeda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan berdasarkan indikator intrinsik 75,2%, ekstrinsik 81,4%, nilai tugas 76,5%, pengendalian pembelajaran 76,5%, efikasi diri 80,3%, dan kecemasan 73,4%, sehingga didapatkan hasil bahwa motivasi belajar mahasiswa rekam medis di pasca pandemi 51,2% motivasi tinggi dan 48,8% motivasi rendah.Kata Kunci: mahasiswa rekam medis, motivasi belajar, MSLQ