bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public opinions on social media: how to become a trustworthy leader in times of crisis
Authors: Pitono Andi , Fauzi Fadhli Zul 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe study compares public opinions toward several heads of state in times of crisis across countries, especially during the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Although recent studies have primarily addressed public sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic, critical international conflicts continue to impact economic and political dynamics that need warrant examination.Design/methodology/approachUsing social media data, this study utilizes content and sentiment analysis to assess public perceptions of leaders’ actions and communication strategies.FindingsFindings indicate that most leaders elicited predominantly negative sentiment, with only two leaders viewed favorably.Originality/valueA notable contribution of this study is the identification of communication patterns as pivotal in shaping public trust; leaders who failed to articulate a clear shared vision faced heightened negative sentiment, as ineffective communication fostered public distrust and anxiety. Although principles of ethical political leadership were observed in some responses, this study underscores that ethical leadership alone is insufficient. Transparent and strategic communication, particularly during crises, emerges as essential to aligning public perception and fostering trust, highlighting its importance as a core component of effective leadership in international conflicts.
Divergent impacts of financial factors on Islamic vs conventional stock markets: insights from advanced countries using MM-QR
Authors: Sadat Irfana , Gormus Sakir 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis study aims to explore how financial factors affect both conventional and Islamic stock market indices of G7 countries from July 27, 2015, to February 29, 2024.Design/methodology/approachIt examines local factors like CDS, exchange rates and bond yields, along with global ones such as USCDS, VIX, OVX and MSCI, using the innovative MM-QR method to identify any asymmetric effects on stock market returns during bull, bear and normal market phases.FindingsThe findings suggest that CDS has a more pronounced negative impact on the conventional index compared to the Islamic index. While 10-year bond yields generally have a positive influence on both indices, except during bullish phases in Islamic markets. Exchange rates tend to negatively correlate with stock returns in both markets, except for a specific quarter in conventional markets. USCDS has a positive relationship with both conventional and Islamic indexes. The MSCI World Index has a significant positive effect on both markets, while VIX negatively affects the conventional market but tends to be positive in Islamic markets during bear and normal market conditions. OVX indicates that adverse news from the global oil market negatively impacts both conventional and Islamic stock markets.Originality/valuePrevious research has overlooked the comparative analysis, focusing solely on either Islamic or conventional equities. Therefore, the study initiates by analyzing how changes in financial factors affect Islamic equity returns within the G7 nations, with a parallel investigation into whether these effects align with those observed in conventional equity markets.
Rainfall seasonality shapes belowground root trait dynamics in an Amazonian tropical rainforest: A test of the stress‐dominance hypothesis
Authors: Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Lugli Laynara F. , Fuchslueger Lucia , Hofhansl Florian , Martins Nathielly , Cordeiro Amanda L. , Schapp Karst , Anderson Kelly M. , Garcia Sabrina , Grandis Adriana , Miron Carol A. , Fleisher Katrin , Hoosbeek Marcel R. , Hartley Ian P. , Oblitas Mendoza Erick , Lapola David , Quesada Carlos A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The stress‐dominance hypothesis (SDH) predicts that trait variation at the community level increases with the availability of limiting resources, driving spatial and temporal patterns in above‐ground plant functional trait expression. Here, we test the assumption that the SDH also applies to fine roots responding to spatial and temporal fluctuations in soil resource availability.

We monitored fine root mass and functional root traits associated with resource acquisition, that is specific root length (SRL), specific root tip abundance (SRTA) and branching index (BI), and traits related to stress tolerance, such as root diameter (RD) and tissue density (RTD) in a Central Amazonian tree community. To test for spatial differences in root traits, we separated the uppermost organic (O‐A horizon, 0–5 cm) and mineral soil (B horizon, 5–15 cm) layers, and for temporal fluctuations, we investigated the relationship of precipitation on community‐level root variation over a period of 27 months.

In accordance with the SDH, we found that fine roots in the O‐A horizon have on average 15% higher SRL, 23% higher BI, 32% higher SRTA and 15% lower RTD than those in the B horizon. Similarly, precipitation shifted the community over time to higher mean SRL, BI and SRTA (r = 0.92, 0.84 and 0.94, p < 0.0001 respectively), although trait shifts occurred in the trimester after the rainy season onset, revealing a time‐lag between rainfall patterns and community response. We also detected a positive increase in trait range for SRL and SRTA with lagged precipitation (r = 0.90 and 0.79, p < 0.0001). On the other hand, traits related to stress showed a weaker negative relationship with instantaneous precipitation (r = −0.7 and −0.57, p = 0.046 and p = 0.1 for RD and RTD, respectively).

Our results supported the SDH predictions that root systems will become more acquisitive in areas with more resources, and that the community will shift to more acquisitive but also broader trait dispersion as hydric stress decreases. We conclude that although higher resource availability may increase competition for acquisition, trait overdispersion seems to promote species coexistence. Our results highlight how dynamic root systems can be in response to environmental cues, cautioning the common practice of making conclusions about root traits adaptations to environmental gradients based on a single sampling observation.

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Reconstructing the Social Construction of Reality
Authors: Fraser Norman M. , Turcan Romeo V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhat is the relationship between legitimation and institutionalization? We take a fresh look at a more complex and nuanced landscape than has previously been documented. Our approach is to view legitimation and institutionalization as separate, though related, processes. We engage in theory building to develop a typology suggesting four different ways in which the social construction of reality can be achieved: instantiating (mutual causal emergence, coming into being), realizing (legitimating toward institutionalization), aspiring (legitimating from institutionalization) and missing (mutual causal suppression, unrealized potential). Our typology contributes a new foundational framework for the sociology of knowledge for better explicating socially constructed reality, not only in periods of stability but also in the uncertainty of liquid times and states.
Advances in the preparation, applications, challenges, and future trends of polysaccharide‐based gels as food‐grade delivery systems for probiotics: A review
Authors: Zang Jianwei , Yin Zelin , Ouyang Huidan , Liu Yuanzhi , Liu Zebo , Yin Zhongping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProbiotics are highly regarded for their multiple functions, such as regulating gut health, enhancing the immune system, and preventing chronic diseases. However, their stability in harsh environments and targeted release remain significant challenges. Therefore, exploring effective protection and delivery strategies to ensure targeted release of probiotics is critically important. Polysaccharides, known for their non‐toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and superior biodegradability, show broad prospects in probiotic delivery by forming physical barriers to protect the probiotics. Particularly, polysaccharide‐based gels (PBGs), with their unique “spider‐web” like structure, capture and ensure the targeted release of probiotics, significantly enhancing their efficacy. This review discusses common polysaccharides used in PBG preparation, their classification and synthesis in food applications, and the advantages of PBGs as probiotic delivery systems. Despite their potential, challenges such as inconsistent gel properties and the need for improved stability remain. Future research should focus on developing novel PBG materials with higher biodegradability and mechanical strength, optimizing the physicochemical properties and cross‐linking methods, as well as designing multilayered structures for more precise release control. Additionally, exploring the co‐delivery of probiotics with prebiotics, active ingredients, or multi‐strain systems could further enhance the efficacy of probiotic delivery.
Assessing plasma‐activated water as an acidic and sanitizer solution in clean‐in‐place (CIP) and comparing efficacy with other traditional CIP chemicals
Authors: Ghevariya Dhruv , Salvi Deepti 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCleaning‐in‐place (CIP) is the most commonly used cleaning and sanitation procedure for removing fouling deposits. Traditional CIP includes a series of chemical cleaning cycles, including alkaline, acid, and sanitizer. However, these chemicals are hazardous to the environment and employees. Plasma‐activated water (PAW), generated by exposing water to plasma (the fourth state of matter), was selected as a CIP cleaning solution due to its acidic pH and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PAW as a CIP cleaning solution for dairy (whey)‐ and plant (pea)‐based fouling removal. PAW was used in place of acid in traditional CIP for fouling removal in a continuous system and to test alkaline neutralizing capacity. Later, individual CIP chemicals were used to evaluate their efficacy against mixed‐species biofilms. All the treatments were performed in triplicate, and a significant difference was determined using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05. Traditional CIP with acid and CIP with PAW were able to reduce dairy‐based protein fouling by 49% and 15%, respectively. However, CIP with acid and PAW removed 100% plant‐based protein fouling deposits. Moreover, PAW was able to neutralize more alkaline residues compared to acid in the CIP cycle. The result also showed that PAW alone reduced biofilms on whey and pea protein deposits by 4.2 and 3.0 log CFU/coupon, while traditional CIP sanitizer achieved reduction by 1.8 and 3.2 log CFU/coupon, respectively. PAW, being an eco‐friendly solution, can be a viable alternative to sanitizer in traditional CIP.Practical ApplicationPlasma‐activated water (PAW) could be a promising eco‐friendly alternative solution to traditional cleaning‐in‐place (CIP) chemicals in the food industry. By effectively removing fouling deposits while also neutralizing alkaline residues, PAW shows promise for industrial applications in dairy‐ and plant‐based food processing facilities. Its ability to remove biofilms from protein deposits suggests potential benefits for maintaining sanitation standards in food production environments, making PAW a viable option for improving cleaning practices while minimizing environmental impact and ensuring employee safety.
Rethinking gender differences: An investigation of comorbid psychopathology and alcohol use disorder in veterans
Authors: Craft William H. , Padula Claudia B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundWhile men have been found to drink more alcohol and have higher rates of alcohol‐related mortality, women tend to experience higher rates of alcohol‐related consequences, including psychological comorbidities and worse alcohol use disorder (AUD) outcomes. However, gender differences in comorbid psychopathology and associations with AUD outcomes among veterans are less well understood.MethodsVeterans (N = 126; 32 women) receiving inpatient treatment for AUD completed baseline clinical measures including the Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Early Life Stress Questionnaire, and PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5. Alcohol use was assessed with the Timeline Followback for the 90 days prior to the baseline assessment and again at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐ups. Gender differences in baseline alcohol and psychopathology measures were examined using Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test. Linear/logistic regression was used to examine associations between comorbid psychopathology and alcohol relapse/use severity post‐study.ResultsConsistent with prior literature, statistically significant gender differences in psychopathology were observed, with women reporting higher anxiety (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.001), early life stress (p < 0.001), and PTSD (p < 0.001) at baseline. Higher early life stress was also associated with higher anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Statistically significant gender differences were not observed for alcohol use in the 90 days prior to the study. Similarly, gender was not associated with relapse or severity of use at 1‐, 3‐, or 6‐month follow ups (ps > 0.05). Psychopathology measures were not associated with relapse or severity of use at any time point (ps > 0.05).ConclusionOur study highlights that women veterans are drinking similar quantities of alcohol to men, supporting emerging evidence of a narrowing gender gap in alcohol use. Women also have a higher psychiatric burden than men; thus, identifying ways to mitigate comorbidity among women veterans should be a health priority.
Micra Leadless and Transvenous Pacemaker: A Single‐Center Comparative Study of QRS Wave Duration Resulting From Different Pacing Sites
Authors: Yu Yichi , Yang Xiaomin , Lian Xiaoming , Zhao Yan , Liu Bo , Feng Xiangfei , Wang Qunshan , Li Yigang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the paced QRS duration on different sites in age‐, gender‐, and indication‐matched patients implanted with Micra leadless pacemakers and conventional transvenous pacemakers (TV‐PM).MethodA total of 82 patients from Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, were enrolled, including two groups of 41 patients matched according to gender, age, and pacemaker indications, who underwent Micra and TV‐PM implantations, respectively. The baseline data of the patients, the pacing site described using three‐ and nine‐partition methods, and the paced QRS duration on 12‐lead electrocardiogram were then analyzed.ResultsOverall, patients in our population were on average 79.2 years of age and mostly male (75.6%). Atrioventricular node dysfunction was the most common indication (56.1%) for pacemaker therapy. Mid‐septum, especially Site 5, is the implantation site for most patients in both groups. Micra (145 ms) and TV‐PM (133 ms) both had the narrowest‐paced QRS at high septum, but Micra may exhibit significantly more reduced QRS duration than TV‐PM at low septum (Micra vs. TV‐PM: 143.0 [142.8–156.5] ms vs. 163.5 ± 17.5 ms, p = 0.044).ConclusionThe narrowest‐paced QRS complex for Micra leadless pacemakers is achieved at high septum, and pacing at low septum by Micra may acquire shorter QRS duration than conventional TV‐PM.
A Rare Case of Anterior Wall Combined With Inferior Wall Wellens Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article describes a woman who presented to the hospital with recurrent chest pain. The electrocardiogram revealed positive and negative biphasic T waves in the anterior and inferior leads, which subsequently deepened. Upon recurrence of chest pain, the T waves reverted to upright. Coronary angiography indicated the presence of three‐vessel coronary artery disease. The occurrence of Wellens' T wave sign in the precordial leads frequently suggests left anterior descending artery disease, while the presence of positive and negative biphasic T waves in the inferior wall leads may also indicate lesions in the right coronary artery or left circumflex artery.
Hypothermic machine perfusion in uterus transplantation in a porcine model: A proof of concept and the first results in graft preservation
Authors: Sousa Carla Héléna , Mercier Marion , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Flecher Erwan , Bendavid Claude , Val‐Laillet David , Ferrant Juliette , Jaillard Sylvie , Loiseau Emma , Branchereau Julien , Berkane Yanis , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel , Carton Isis , Le Lous Maëla , Lavoue Vincent , Dion Ludivine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionGraft optimization is a necessity in order to develop uterus transplantation from brain‐dead donors, as a complement to living donors, as these grafts are rare and the last organs retrieved in multiple organ donation. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and interest of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in uterus transplantation using a porcine model; secondary outcomes were the evaluation of the graft's tolerance to a prolonged cold ischaemia time and to find new biomarkers of uterus viability.Material and MethodsFifteen uterus allotransplantations were performed in a porcine model, after 18 h of cold ischaemia, divided in three groups: Static cold storage in a HTK solution, HMP (with the VitaSmart (™) machine Bridge to Life Ltd.) with a UW‐MP solution, and static cold storage in a UW solution. The main outcome was macroscopic: uterine arteries pulsatility, recoloration, and bleeding at the cut. Secondary outcomes were histological analyses (Zitkute and inflammation scores), caspase3 immunohistochemistry and plasmatic dosage of biomarkers.Results14/15 allotransplantations were performed according to the protocol and met the criteria of macroscopic vitality. Grafts treated with HMP (MP did not show significantly more tissue) damage than the recipient's uterus, contrary to grafts in static cold storage, independently of the solution used. This difference disappeared one and 3 h after uterus transplantation. Plasma dosages before and after uterus transplantation did not allow to identify a new biomarker of uterus viability.ConclusionsHMP is feasible in a porcine model, without inflicting damage on the grafts during cold ischaemia time. Grafts exposed to HMP seemed to better endure reperfusion phenomena, but this advantage did not last over time.
Continuous Blood Gas Control Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control During Ex Vivo Porcine Liver Perfusion
Authors: Zhao Yilong , Lyu Xin , Sun Zhen , Zhang Xiaoliang , Cen Jin , Yang Tianhang , Xu Xiaoliang , Xing Wenhui , Zhao Sihan , Wang Bidou , Luo Gangyin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMembrane oxygenators facilitate extracorporeal gas exchange, necessitating the monitoring of blood gas. Recent advances in normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) for ex vivo liver offer solutions to the shortage of donor liver. However, maintaining physiological blood gas levels during prolonged NMP is complex and costly.MethodsWe introduce a noninvasive and economical approach for regulating the blood gas during NMP of ex vivo porcine livers. By monitoring gas fractions at the outlet of oxygenator, real‐time adjustments of blood gas can be made without the online blood gas analyzer. The method involves constructing multivariate linear regression (MLR) models, aligning target setpoints of gas, and employing active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to achieve closed‐loop regulation.ResultsEx vivo porcine liver perfusion experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the method, maintaining blood gas within physiological levels over 24 h (oxygen partial pressure: 150.36 ± 3.33 mmHg, carbon dioxide partial pressure: 41.34 ± 0.91 mmHg).ConclusionADRC‐based continuous regulation of gas fraction at the outlet of oxygenator is a feasible and effective approach for managing blood gas during ex vivo porcine liver perfusion.
The economics of Canadian immigration levels
Authors: Doyle Matthew , Skuterud Mikal , Worswick Christopher 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIf immigration can benefit the Canadian economy, but must be limited to realize the benefit, what is the optimal level? The Canadian government is increasing immigration rates to levels not reached since the 1920s in the hope of addressing labour shortages and sluggish economic growth. We argue that economic immigration in the Canadian context should aim to raise GDP per capita in the population, including the newcomers, and examine the potential for increases in Canadian immigration rates to achieve this objective. Our analysis suggests that Canada is not well positioned to leverage heightened immigration to increase GDP per capita owing primarily to weak capital investment and quantity–quality tradeoffs in immigrant selection. We propose a policy rule for defining the optimal level of economic immigration.
Five‐Year Results of One‐Piece Zirconia Oral Implants Supporting Three‐Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , Vach Kirstin , Butz Frank , Patzelt Sebastian Berthold Maximilian , Burkhardt Felix 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe purpose of the present prospective case series was to investigate the clinical and radiological outcome of one‐piece zirconia implants fabricated from 3Y‐TZP with a moderately roughened endosseous surface (Sa = 1.24 μm) to support three‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) after five years in function.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven patients received a total of 54 implants in a one‐stage surgery with immediate provisionalization. Peri‐implant bone loss was assessed using standardized radiographs. Additionally, soft‐tissue parameters were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear mixed regression models and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests (p < 0.05). All patients participated in an annual maintenance program.ResultsEighteen implants were lost up to the 5‐year follow‐up, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 66.67%. The mean marginal bone loss of the remaining implants amounted to 1.89 mm. Probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing increased from prosthesis insertion to the 5‐year follow‐up, while the plaque index showed no significant changes during the same period.ConclusionsThe investigated one‐piece zirconia implant showed low survival rates as compared to previously reported survival rates of one‐piece zirconia or two‐piece titanium implants. Implant failure was attributed to peri‐implantitis, leading to the necessity of implant removal. The implant is not commercially available.