bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Aliased Lines Using Run‐Masks
Authors: Diakopoulos Nicholas A. , Stephenson Peter D. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract In recent work, a set of line digitization algorithms based on the hierarchy of runs in the digital line has unified and generalized the iterative line‐drawing algorithms used in computer graphics. In this paper, the additional structural information generated by these algorithms is leveraged to describe a run‐based approach to draw anti‐aliased line segments in which anti‐aliased run‐masks are substituted for the individual run lengths as the line is being drawn. The run‐masks are precomputed using a prefiltering technique such that one or more run‐masks are defined for each of the one or two possible run lengths that occur in the line. The run‐masks can be defined for any order or level of the hierarchy of runs in the digital line and the technique is illustrated using runs of pixels. Comparing the use of run‐masks to applying the prefiltering technique for each pixel in the line, a line of similar visual quality can be produced more efficiently. We place no restrictions on the placement of the end points of the line, which may reside anywhere on the two‐dimensional plane.
A Data‐Driven Approach for Real‐Time Clothes Simulation†
Authors: Cordier Frederic , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia 
Published: July 2005

Abstract A data‐driven approach for the real‐time processing of clothes, particularly suitable for simulating dresses worn by virtual characters, is proposed. It starts, prior to real‐time simulation, by analyzing cloth behavior in relation to the underlying skeleton movement from a presimulated sequence of the cloth obtained using any high‐quality off‐line simulators. The idea is to use this analysis to find an optimal combination of physics‐based simulation and geometric approximation of the simulator; potentially colliding regions are defined on the cloth such that they will hold true for the skeleton movement that closely matches that of presimulated sequence. At runtime, using these analyses, our simulation process provides both visually pleasing results and performance, as long as the motion of the character remains sufficiently close to the original sequence used for the precomputation. The key contributions of this paper are (1) efficient collision handling that prunes out potentially colliding objects by using the off‐line simulation sequence as examples; (2) data‐driven fix‐up process for the coarse mesh simulation that deduces the gross behavior of the cloth; and (3) geometric approximation of the fine mesh deformation, responsible for details in the shape of the cloth such as wrinkles.
Glare Generation Based on Wave Optics
Authors: Kakimoto Masanori , Matsuoka Kaoru , Nishita Tomoyuki , Naemura Takeshi , Harashima Hiroshi 
Published: July 2005

Abstract This paper proposes a novel and general method of glare generation based on wave optics. A glare image is regarded as a result of Fraunhofer diffraction, which is equivalent to a 2D Fourier transform of the image of given apertures or obstacles. In conventional methods, the shapes of glare images are categorized according to their source apertures, such as pupils and eyelashes and their basic shapes (e.g. halos, coronas, or radial streaks) are manually generated as templates, mainly based on statistical observation. Realistic variations of these basic shapes often depend on the use of random numbers. Our proposed method computes glare images fully automatically from aperture images and can be applied universally to all kinds of apertures, including camera diaphragms. It can handle dynamic changes in the position of the aperture relative to the light source, which enables subtle movement or rotation of glare streaks. Spectra can also be simulated in the glare, since the intensity of diffraction depends on the wavelength of light. The resulting glare image is superimposed onto a given computer‐generated image containing high‐intensity light sources or reflections, aligning the center of the glare image to the high‐intensity areas. Our method is implemented as a multipass rendering software. By precomputing the dynamic glare image set and putting it into texture memory, the software runs at an interactive rate.
Final Results of a Prospective Trial of a PEFG (Cisplatin, Epirubicin, 5-Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine) Regimen Followed by Radiotherapy after Curative Surgery for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Reni Michele , Passoni Paolo , Bonetto Elisa , Balzano Gianpaolo , Panucci Maria Grazia , Zerbi Alessandro , Ronzoni Monica , Staudacher Carlo , Villa Eugenio , Di Carlo Valerio 
Published: July 2005

<i>Background:</i> Postoperative management of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is controversial. <i>Methods:</i> The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of postoperative combination chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in patients aged 18–70 years with a histological diagnosis of PA, and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≧70. Cisplatin and epirubicin 40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on day 1, gemcitabine 600 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on day 1 and 8, and 5-fluorouracil 200 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day as protracted infusion (PEFG regimen) were delivered every 28 days for 4 cycles. Assuming a minimum one-year disease-free survival (DFS) of interest of 65% and a maximum of low interest of 45% (α 0.05; β 0.10), the target enrollment was 51 patients, and the strategy would be considered to deserve further analysis if more than 29 patients were DF at one-year from surgery. <i>Results:</i> Fifty-one patients, KPS >80: 29, median tumor size 3.5 cm, stage II/III/IVA: 2/34/13, grade 3–4: 22, positive resection margins: 26, node positive: 46, received 179 cycles of chemotherapy. Main grade 3/4 toxicity consisted of neutropenia (51%), thrombocytopenia (18%), and anemia (4%). One-year DFS was 67 ± 7%. Two-year overall survival was 53 ± 7%. <i>Conclusion:</i> Postoperative management of PA with this multimodality strategy was well tolerated and yielded a promising outcome.
Dendritic Cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Colorectal Cancer: Correlations with Clinicobiological Findings
Authors: Della Porta Matteo , Danova Marco , Rigolin Gian Matteo , Brugnatelli Silvia , Rovati Bianca , Tronconi Chiara , Fraulini Chiara , Russo Rossi Antonella , Riccardi Alberto , Castoldi Gianluigi 
Published: July 2005

<i>Objective:</i> Dendritic cells (DC) are central to the development of immune system responses. In a cohort of 54 patients affected by colorectal cancer, we prospectively investigated the number of peripheral blood (PB) DC type 1 (DC1) and type 2 (DC2) and correlated their counts and functionality to the stage of the disease and to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. <i>Results:</i> At diagnosis, compared with healthy controls, patients presented reduced PBDC1 and PBDC2 numbers (p < 0.001). Moreover, in cancer patients, PBDC showed low levels of DC-associated antigens (HLA DR, p = 0.004; CD11c, p < 0.001; CD83, p = 0.01; CD86, p = 0.007 and Mannose receptor, p = 0.029), an upregulation of CXCR4 (p = 0.017) and a reduced T cell stimulation capability (p < 0.001). DC1 and DC2 loss was higher in stage D versus stage ABC patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively); surgery and chemotherapy appeared to attenuate a DC defect, although the restoration of normal PBDC levels is completed only at 6 and 12 months after diagnosis, respectively. In this series of patients, PBDC1 and PBDC2 numbers inversely correlated with VEGF serum levels (p < 0.001), suggesting a possible effect of this cytokine on DC compartment. In culture, the exposure of monocyte-derived DC to VEGF produced a dramatic alteration of DC differentiation by (1) induction of apoptosis, (2) alteration of DC immunophenotypic profile and (3) increased CXCR4 expression. Exposure to anti-VEGF blocking antibodies reversed VEGF inhibitory effects in all cases. <i>Conclusions:</i> These findings suggest that in colorectal cancer patients there is a numerical and functional impairment of PBDC compartment possibly related to the stage of the disease and to VEGF levels.
Seeing Oneself in the Mirror: Critical Reflections on the Visual Experience of the Reflected Self
Authors: Macke Frank 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMerleau-Ponty, in his well-known essay, "Eye and Mind," startlingly comments: "A Cartesian does not see himself in the mirror; he sees a dummy, an 'outside,' which, he has every reason to believe, other people see in the very same way but which, no more for himself than for others, is not a body in the flesh." This essay opens up a discourse on this very problem: the question of what one sees when looks at oneself in the mirror. As well, the now-common assumption that we have arrived at a postmodern condition of experience, knowledge, and interpretation comes into question when we consider the possibility that the human sciences have not sufficiently embraced a post-Cartesian perspective on mind, body, self, and vision. The essay closes with a reflection on the contact of the self and the other in vision. The self and the other are not "signs" that are "read" in the context of a perceptual field. Rather, the interpersonal world embodied through the vital flesh of self in communion with other is reflected to the eye only if the observer cares to take note, to imaginatively flesh-out the world embodied in the moment of a thoughtful glance.
Revamping Sartre's Original Project: Freedom's Narcissistic Wound
Authors: Borchers Scott 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis essay is divided into three parts. In the first, I develop a new interpretation of Sartre's notion of an original project, or original choice, by emending his initial position in Being and Nothingness, and by extrapolating from his autobiography and his psychobiographies on Baudelaire and Flaubert. In the second part, I examine the early and late Sartre's paradoxical commitment to self-analysis, and go on to draw taut the tension in the late Sartre between individual freedom and relations to others. I demonstrate that the tension in the thought of the late Sartre can be explained and resolved only with reference to Sartre's own original projects. The third part is devoted to briefly analyzing what combination of factors in Sartre's developmental history led to his original projects, in view of a possible psychobiography on Sartre. Nearly everything covered in this essay is an attempt by Sartre to appropriate Freud as an instrument in his own thought (Pontalis, 1986). In the third part, I also try to show that Freud resists Sartre's analysis, as it were, and that Sartre only proves Freud right.
The Role of Dialogue, Otherness and the Construction of Insight in Psychosis: Toward a Socio-Dialogic Model
Authors: Dolson Mark 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe focus is on the intersubjective, narrative and dialogic aspects of the clinical phenomenon of insight in psychosis. By introducing a socio-dialogic model for the clinical production of insight, it can be learned how insight, as a form of self-knowledge (of a morbid alteration in one's relation to the world/others), is a product of the clinical interview, namely the dialogic relation between patient and clinical interviewer. Drawing upon the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, expressly his notion of the ethical encounter, the production of insight in the clinical interview is elucidated as both a synchronic and diachronic phenomenon—a provisional form of self-knowledge based on historically-produced frames of meaning which are recalled and narrated, i.e., produced at a specific moment in time. The production of insight, based on auto-biographical memory, is ultimately a processual and transactional phenomenon which arises out of the narrative construction of experience and the dialogic negotiation of the individual's "authored" experience. This process may be understood as a synergistic dynamic between intersubjective micro-processes (dialogue) and symbolic macro-processes (such as "culture"), which may, when crystallized at the individual level, precipitate a subjectively insightful account of the prodromal illness experience.
Assessed Danger-to-Others as a Reason for Psychiatric Hospitalization: An Investigation of Patients' Perspectives
Authors: Welches Philip , Pica Michael 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis study investigated subjective experiences of nine men who had been psychiatrically hospitalized upon being assessed as "dangerous-to-others-due-to-a-mental-illness." Using a phenomenological interviewing approach, researchers helped subjects construct narratives of their pre-hospitalization experiences. The research illuminated aspects of life-contexts that were shared among all or nearly all subjects: feeling ostracized and alone; struggling with longstanding and pervasive feelings of inadequacy; experiencing a sense or a fear of having little or no control or options in life; and feeling emotionally depressed, misunderstood, and uncared for. Situations immediately preceding hospitalization were characterized by subjects experiencing threats to their sense of self-esteem that were of heightened intensity. In five cases, subjects reported anxiety related to self-fragmentation or becoming "nothing." Perceived threats to self-worth and self-structure were accompanied by anger and aggressive acts or impulses. In all cases, aggressive impulses and threats, and violence appeared to be in the service of self-validation and self-empowerment. In cases of violent behavior, an apparent function of the subjects' behaviors was toward self-consolidation. Based on findings, the researchers discuss implications consistent with humanistic psychology and existential psychotherapy principles and practices.
Hiob in Gath. Deutsch-jüdische Lektüren von Lessings "Nathan der Weise"
Authors: Fetscher Justus 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe paper presents a series of German-Jewish readings of Lessing's "Nathan the Wise" (1779) stretching from the Enlightenment to the early post-1945 period. Already the first Jewish reader, Moses Mendelssohn, did not focus his interpretation of this drama on the so-called "parabel of the rings," where Nathan is commonly said to preach religious tolerance. Rather, Mendelssohn concentrates on act IV, scene 7, which expounds Lessing's concept of the relationship between Judaism and Christianity and Nathan's experience of Christian persecution. With the upsurge of German anti-Semitism in the late 19th and 20th century, this scene served first as a sign of German-Christian empathy for Jewish suffering, and thus of hope, then as a reminder of recent prosecutions. It seemed to foreshadow, and eventually became overshadowed by, the Shoah.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the Treatment of Calcific Tendinitis of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Sabeti-Aschraf Manuel , Dorotka Ronald , Goll Alexandra , Trieb Klemens 
Published: July 2005

Background Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an alternative treatment, with limited evidence for effectiveness, for calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff. Hypothesis Objective localization of the calcium deposit by 3-dimensional, computer-assisted navigation reveals superior clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to localization through patient-to-therapist feedback. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was carried out on 50 patients. The population was divided into 2 groups of equal numbers (navigation group and feedback group). In all patients, treatment-resistant pain was evident for longer than 6 months. A total of 3 therapy sessions of constant low-energy focused shock wave therapy was administered in weekly intervals in both groups. Local anesthesia was not applied. Radiographs and clinical assessment, including the Constant and Murley shoulder scoring system and the visual analog scale for pain, were performed both before therapy and after 12 weeks. In the navigation group, the calcium deposit was localized using a radiographically guided, 3-dimensional, computer-assisted device. The feedback group was treated after locating the point of maximum tenderness through palpation by the therapist with feedback from the patient. Results Both groups had significant improvements in the Constant and Murley score and the visual analog scale after 12 weeks. The results from the navigation group were statistically significantly superior to those of the feedback group. In the navigation group, 6 calcium deposits disappeared and 9 altered, compared to 1 disappearance and 12 alterations in the feedback group. No severe complications occurred. Conclusion Three-dimensional, computer-assisted navigation reveals significantly better results and is therefore recommended when extracorporeal shock wave therapy is used in the treatment of calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff.
Hamstring Tendon versus Patellar Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Biodegradable Interference Fit Fixation
Authors: Wagner Michael , Kääb Max J. , Schallock Jessica , Haas Norbert P. , Weiler Andreas 
Published: July 2005

Background There are still controversies about graft selection for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, especially with respect to knee stability and functional outcome. Hypothesis Biodegradable interference screw fixation of hamstring tendon grafts provides clinical results similar to those achieved with identical fixation of bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods In 1996 and 1997, primary isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft was performed in 72 patients. Since 1998, hamstring tendons were used as routine grafts. Matched patients with a hamstring tendon graft were selected from a database (n = 284). All patients were followed prospectively for a minimum of 2 years with KT-1000 arthrometer testing, International Knee Documentation Committee score, and Lysholm score. Results In the bone-patellar tendon-bone group, 9 patients were excluded because of bilateral rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, 3 patients (4.2%) had a graft rupture, and 4 patients were lost to follow-up (follow-up rate, 92.1%), leaving 56 patients for a matched-group analysis. In the hamstring tendon database, the graft rupture rate was 5.6% (P = .698). The Lysholm score was 89.7 in the patellar tendon group and 94 in the hamstring tendon group (P = .003). The KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference was 2.6 mm for the patellar tendon group and 2.1 mm for the hamstring tendon group (P = .041). There were significantly less positive pivot-shift test results in the hamstring tendon group (P = .005), and hamstring tendon patients showed lower thigh atrophy (P = .024) and patellofemoral crepitus (P = .003). Overall International Knee Documentation Committee scores were better (P = .001) in the hamstring tendon group (hamstring tendon: 34 × A, 21 × B, 0 × C, 0 × D; bone-patellar tendon-bone: 17 × A, 32 × B, 6 × C, 0 × D). Conclusions In this comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone and anatomical hamstring tendon grafts, the hamstring tendon graft was superior in knee stability and function. These findings are partially contrary to previous studies and might be attributable to the use of an anatomical joint line fixation for hamstring tendon grafts. Thus, hamstring tendons are the authors’ primary graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, even in high-level athletes.
A 7-Year Follow-up of Patellar Tendon and Hamstring Tendon Grafts for Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Roe Justin , Pinczewski Leo A. , Russell Vivianne J. , Salmon Lucy J. , Kawamata Tomomaro , Chew Melvin 
Published: July 2005

Background For arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the most commonly used graft constructs are either the hamstring tendon or patellar tendon. Well-controlled, long-term studies are needed to determine the differences between the 2 materials. Hypothesis There is a difference between hamstring and patellar tendon grafts in the clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions at 7 years. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Two groups of 90 patients each, consecutively treated with hamstring or patellar tendon grafts, were followed and assessed at 1, 2, 5, and 7 years after surgery. Results At the 7-year review, abnormal radiographic findings were seen in 45% (24/53) of the patellar tendon group and in 14% (7/51) of the hamstring tendon group (P = .002). Although there was no significant difference between the groups in extension deficit (P= .22), the percentage of patients with an extension deficit increased significantly in the patellar tendon group from 8% at 1 year to 25% at 7 years (P= .02). No significant change was seen in the hamstring tendon group over time (P= .20). There was no significant difference in laxity between the groups on Lachman (P= .44), pivot-shift (P= .39), or instrumented (P= .44) testing. Graft rupture occurred in 4 patients from the patellar tendon group and in 9 patients from the hamstring tendon group (P= .15). Both autografts gave excellent subjective results, as evidenced by the International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation and Lysholm knee scores at 7 years. Conclusions Both hamstring and patellar tendon grafts provided good subjective outcomes and objective stability at 7 years. No significant differences in the rate of graft rupture or contralateral anterior cruciate ligament rupture were identified. Patients with patellar tendon grafts had a greater prevalence of osteoarthritis at 7 years after surgery; therefore, the authors preferred hamstring tendons as the primary graft choice in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.
The Effect of Estradiol and Progesterone on Knee and Ankle Joint Laxity
Authors: Beynnon Bruce D. , Bernstein Ira M. , Belisle Adelle , Brattbakk Bjarne , Devanny Patrick , Risinger Randall , Durant Denise 
Published: July 2005

Background Female athletes suffer a higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries compared to their male counterparts, and they appear to be at increased risk for these injuries when they have increased anterior-posterior knee laxity and at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. Although the mechanism by which these factors combine to increase injury risk is unclear, studies suggest that cyclic variations in joint laxity produced by hormone fluctuation during the menstrual cycle pre-dispose an athlete to increased risk of ligamentous injury. Little is known about whether joint laxity varies cyclically during the menstrual cycle and if so, whether it is modulated by cyclic variations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). Hypothesis Increased serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels are associated with increased ankle and knee joint laxity. Study Design Cohort study. Level of evidence, 2. Methods Ankle laxity, anterior-posterior knee laxity, and serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were measured during the menstrual cycle in women and at corresponding time intervals in men (controls). Ankle laxity was measured from stress radiographs and included anterior talar translation relative to the tibia and talar tilt relative to the tibia; anterior-posterior knee laxity was measured with the KT-1000 arthrometer. Results Women had greater knee and ankle laxity values compared to men. There was, however, no change in knee and ankle laxity over the normal menstrual cycle in women and no change over time in men. There was no relationship between estradiol and progesterone fluctuation and ankle and knee joint laxity. Conclusions Knee and ankle joint laxities are greater for women compared to men; however, the cyclic estradiol and progesterone fluctuations that occur during the menstrual cycle do not produce cyclic fluctuations of joint laxity. Studies using joint laxity to identify a subject at risk for ligamentous injury need only consider making measurements at a specific point in time, such as during a preseason screening evaluation.