bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular therapy services provided by blood centers and hospitals in the United States, 1999: an analysis from the Nationwide Blood Collection and Utilization Survey
Authors: Read Elizabeth J. , Sullivan Marian T. 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: The 2000 Nationwide Blood Collection and Utilization Survey was designed to assess cellular therapy product services in US blood centers and hospitals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Questionnaires were returned by 2,040 institutions. Data were analyzed for 30 quantitative variables related to cellular therapy product activities.RESULTS: 269 institutions, including 231 (12.2%) of the hospitals, 37 (25.9%) of the blood centers, and one cryobank, perforrmed HPC services. Collected PBSC (20,517) and cord blood products (12,628) far exceeded bone marrow (1,572), lymphocytes (578), and cultured cells (344). PBPC collections dropped 36.5 percent since the 1997 survey. Cord blood accounted for 35.4 percent of collections and 39.5 percent of products processed, but only 1.9 percent of infusions.CONCLUSIONS: Most cellular therapy services in hospitals and blood centers were HPC‐related. The dramatic drop in PBPC collections since 1997 reflects the decline in autologous PBPC transplantation for breast cancer. Cord blood's high collection‐to‐infusion ratio demonstrates a substantial resource expenditure for banking a product for future clinical needs. Lymphocytes and cultured cell products contributed minimally to activities in this survey, but will likely increase in the future. Data from additional academic and commercial manufacturers of cellular therapy products should be included in future surveys.
Recombinant glycophorins C and D as tools for studying Gerbich blood group antigens
Authors: Schawalder Alissa , Reid Marion E. , Yazdanbakhsh Karina 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: The Gerbich blood group system antigens are carried on glycophorin C (GPC) and glycophorin D (GPD) and variants thereof. These glycoproteins have been expressed in a heterologous system to study the individual antigens and to determine whether Ana is antithetical to Ge2.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: cDNAs encoding GPC, GPD, GPC.Yus, GPC.Ge, GPC.Lsa, and GPD.Lsa were transfected and stably expressed in a human embryonic kidney cell line (293T). Individual Gerbich antigens were analyzed with MoAbs and human poly‐ clonal antibodies by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Recombinant GPD and GPD.An(a) were expressed transiently and analyzed for expression of Ge2 and Ana antigens.RESULTS: All recombinant variants were detected with sialidase‐resistant and ‐sensitive anti‐Ge2, anti‐Ge3, and anti‐Ge4. Ge4 antigen expression was depressed in GPC.Ls(a) transfectants as well as on Ls(a+) RBCs. GPD.An(a) recombinant protein expressed Ana and Ge2 antigens.CONCLUSION: Cell lines stably expressing glycosylated Gerbich proteins were developed in a heterologous system by transfecting individual variant forms of GPC and GPD. Unexpectedly, it was found that Ge4 antigen is reduced in both the GPC.Ls(a) recombinant and the Ls(a+) RBCs. It was also shown that Ana and Ge2 anti‐ gens were expressed on a single GPD.An(a) protein and, therefore, they cannot be antithetical.
Development of a sensitive PCR inhibition method to demonstrate HBV nucleic acid inactivation
Authors: Aytay Shahika , Ohagen Asa , Busch Michael P. , Alford Bernadette , Chapman John R. , Lazo Aris 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of pathogen reduction technologies with relevant viruses currently contaminating the blood supply is limited by the availability of high‐titer virus inocula and sensitive in vitro or in vivo infectivity assays. Because HBV infectivity can only be assessed by in vivo studies with chimpanzees, a sensitive PCR inhibition assay was developed to measure PEN110 inactivation of HBV.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCR amplification of 1.1 kb of HBV genome was optimized to determine DNA damage introduced by treatment with PEN110 in RBCs. Inactivation of duck HBV (DHBV) in RBCs, with measure‐ ment of the in vitro infectivity, was performed to validate the PCR assay.RESULTS: The PCR was highly specific and sensitive for amplification of the HBV genome and used to demon‐ strate a reduction of at least 7.2 and 8.1 log geq per mL within the first 18 hours of PEN110 treatment. PEN110 inactivation of DHBV was also achieved within the first 18 hours with a reduction factor of at least 5.0 log tissue culture infectious dose 50 percent per mL, suggesting that PCR inhibition is an alternative to infectivity assays.CONCLUSION: This study establishes PCR inhibition as a reasonable approach to assess the efficiency of PEN110 inactivation of human pathogens with human plasma donations that have been found to contain high titers of relevant agents during different stages of infection.
Molecular and serologic characterization of DWI, a novel “high‐grade” partial D
Authors: Körmöczi Günther F. , Legler Tobias J. , Daniels Geoff L. , Green Caroll A. , Struckmann Renate , Jungbauer Christof , Moser Sabine , Flexer Manuela , Schönitzer Diether , Panzer Simon , Gassner Christoph 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: Accurate D antigen identification is essential for pretransfusion and prenatal evaluation to prevent anti‐D alloimmunization. Quantitative and qualitative D variants may pose typing problems and require particular consideration because of differing potential for anti‐D induction.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A novel partial D, DWI, was discovered in an anti‐D‐alloimmunized D+ Austrian woman. This D variant was investigated by RHD genotyping and nucleotide sequencing, as well as characterization of its serologic properties.RESULTS: The proposita exhibited a single‐nucleotide exchange in RHD Exon 7 (1073T>C) predicting a Met358Thr substitution in the sixth extracellular loop of the RhD polypeptide. All DWI individuals identified (the proposita and two relatives) were genotyped DWIdCcee, which, together with the family tree, was highly suggestive of a DWICe haplotype association. Epitope mapping studies revealed only minor D antigen modification with weakening but not loss of epitopes D1.1, D9.1, and D16.1. Antigen density varied individually between 8000 and 8600 D sites per erythrocyte. No known low‐frequency Rh antigen was detected. Despite the highly retained D epitope composition, the DWI proposita's serum sample contained alloanti‐D from an immunization event many years earlier.CONCLUSION: The findings of this investigation emphasize the possible clinical significance of “high‐grade” partial D variants that are likely to be missed by routine serology.
Peripheral blood circulating immature cell counts predict CD34+ cell yields in G‐CSF‐induced PBPC mobilization in healthy donors
Authors: Kozuka Teruhiko , Ikeda Kazuma , Teshima Takanori , Yoshida Chikamasa , Shinagawa Katsuji , Kojima Kensuke , Matsuo Keitaro , Bessho Akihiro , Sunami Kazutaka , Hiramatsu Yasushi , Maeda Yoshinobu , Noguchi Toshio , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Fujii Nobuharu , Imai Toshi , Kusumoto Kinuyo Kaneda , Masuda Kozo , Takenaka Katsuto , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Niiya Kenji , Koide Norio , Tanimoto Mitsune , Harada Mine 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: It has been previously reported that the number of circulating immature cells (CIC) in peripheral blood (PB) estimates the number of CD34+ cells collected in G‐CSF plus chemotherapy‐induced PBPC mobilization. The correlation of CIC counts in PB with CD34+ cell yield and its usefulness was evaluated in G‐CSF‐induced PBPC mobilization for healthy donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CIC counts in PB and CD34+ cell counts in the apheresis product from 122 collections were assessed, and the relationship between these two variables was evaluated with the Pearson rank correlation analysis, the chi‐squared test, and the U‐test.RESULTS: CIC counts were correlated weakly with the number of CD34+ cells per L of blood processed in the apheresis product (Pearson rank correlation analysis; r = 0.357, p < 0.0001). When a level of 1.7 × 109 CICs per L was selected as a cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for collecting more than 20 × 106 CD34+ cells per L of blood processed were 63.6 and 77.5 percent, respectively.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the number of CICs in PB may estimate the number of CD34+ cells collected. The data indicate that CIC counts above 1.7 × 109 per L can be used as a good predictor for PBPC collections containing more than 20 × 106 CD34+ cells per L of blood processed in a single apheresis procedure.
Hb content‐based transfusion policy successfully reduces the number of RBC units transfused
Authors: Arslan Önder , Toprak Selami , Arat Mutlu , Kayalak Yasemin 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: RBC transfusions should be based on Hb content of the products instead of units. As high as a 50‐percent difference in Hb content can be encountered between two units. In this study, 500 mL of whole blood (WB)‐generated RBCs according to their total Hb content was used to decrease the number of units ordered by using a new software called Hemosoft.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty‐one con‐ secutive patients were enrolled for the study. The median age and male‐to‐female ratio were 38 (range, 16‐69) and 28:23, respectively. Patients’ diagnoses were 38 acute leukemia, 11 lymphoma, and 2 multiple myeloma. When placing orders for RBCs, clinicians were asked to send the information about patient's actual body weight (ABW) and their actual and target Hb. The total blood volume of the recipient was calculated, and the aim was to find the best RBCs from the inventory to decrease two‐unit orders to one unit, or four units to two or one unit, all done using Hemosoft. Posttransfusion Hb was checked 2 hours after transfusion. ABW and the median pretransfusion Hb level were 64 kg (range, 40‐100) and 7.3 g per dL (5.6‐9.8), respectively.RESULTS: A total of 104 RBC units were ordered for 51 patients. In 49 (96.1%), the order was for two units and in 2 (3.9%) was for three units. Hemosoft successfully found a suitable match in 62.7 percent (32/51) of the orders. Actual number of RBCs transfused was two units (41.25) and one unit (58.8%), respectively. In total, 72 units were transfused with a reduction of 30 percent (72/104) from the original order. The median target Hb level was 9.3 g per dL (range, 7.0‐11.3) and overall success rate to achieve it was 96.6 percent (range, 73.8‐124.2). There was no impact of inventory size, but the ABW of the recipient was found significant to have a successful match unit (58.8 ± 11.0 kg vs. 75.0 ± 8.4 kg, respectively; p = 0.0001).CONCLUSION: We clearly demonstrated that the number of RBC transfusions could be minimized by the rational use of the Hb content of the units. Although the total numbers of patients who shall benefit from this approach seems to be limited, it allows us to use high‐Hb‐content units rationally by using an in‐house blood‐banking software.
Liquid storage, shipment, and cryopreservation of cord blood
Authors: Hubel Allison , Carlquist Dale , Clay Mary , McCullough Jeff 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: Cord blood banking requires methods for shipping and storage. This study examines the influence of shipping via overnight courier on postthaw viability of cord blood.STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS: Anticoagulated cord blood was divided with one sample diluted 1:1 using STM‐sav (a storage solution) and the other undiluted. Units were shipped from Minneapolis to Memphis and returned, RBC‐depleted, cryopreserved, stored for 14 days, and thawed. MNC counts, percent viable cells, quantity of CD34+ cells, and frequency of CFU‐GM were measured. Temperature during shipment was continu‐ ously monitored.RESULTS: Preliminary studies showed the packing and processing protocol influenced the temperatures experi‐ enced during shipping. Samples achieved temperatures below 10°C within 4 to 8 hours with a few units dropping near or below 1°C with cold ambient temperatures. The MNC recovery, CD34+45+ recovery, and frequency of CFU‐GM for samples that were shipped were comparable to those observed using static liquid storage. The postthaw viable cell recovery was greatest for storage and shipping times of 24 hours and decreased when the storage and shipping times were longer.CONCLUSION: Ambient conditions and the packing and processing protocol influence the temperature history of the sample. Samples stored beyond 24 hours in liquid storage and shipping exhibit a decreased postthaw recovery.
Viable CD34+ stem cell content of a cord blood graft: which measurement performed before transplantation is most representative?
Authors: Van haute Inge , Lootens Nele , De Smet Saskia , De Buck Carine , Verdegem Linda , Vanheusden Katrien , Pinxteren Jef , Vandekerckhove Bart 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: Patient survival in allogeneic cord blood transplantation is critically dependent on total nucleated cell (TNC) count or total CD34+ cell count per kg of body weight. Theoretically, viable CD34+ cell measurement at the time of infusion should give a better indication of the suitability of a certain transplant. The relation between measurements on different samples and viable CD34+ cell count on the graft itself was analyzed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Viable CD34+ cells were measured with a no‐wash, single‐platform technique with 7‐aminoactinomycin D. Analysis was performed before freezing on the cord blood, after freezing and thawing on the cord blood unit itself, and on various samples.RESULTS: Cord blood volume correlated poorly with viable CD34+ cell content (r = 0.24) as did initial TNC count and WBC count (r = 0.57 and r = 0.48, respectively). In contrast, viable CD34 cell content determined before freezing correlated well with viable CD34 cell content of the graft (r = 0.91) but was on average 25 percent higher than after freezing and thawing. The best correlations with the CD34+ cell content of the cord blood unit were obtained with CD34 cell measurements on a separate cryovial (r = 0.95). These CD34 cell measurements on frozen samples were found to be very reproducible (r = 0.96).CONCLUSION: Viable CD34 cell count of the graft is both accurate and precise when measured on a separate sample frozen together with the cord blood unit. This measurement can be performed by the transplant center to exclude between‐laboratory variability.
NAT screening of blood donors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can potentially prevent transfusion associated transmissions
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Brixner Veronika , Ruster Brigitte , Hourfar Michael K. , Drosten Christian , Preiser Wolfgang , Seifried Erhard , Roth W. Kurt 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND:The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first described in February 2003. Close contact with symptomatic patients appears to be the main route of transmission, whereas blood transfusion trans‐ mission could not be ruled out.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) detection kit developed by C. Drosten (Bernhard Nocht Institute, BNI) was used to amplify SARS‐CoV sequences from blood donor samples. We tested 31,151 blood donor samples in minipools of up to 96 samples. To validate the sensitivity of the assay, routine donor minipools (88 ± 8 samples per pool) were spiked with plasma of an imported case of SARS or of a subsequently infected contact person, respectively. Gamma‐irradiated cell culture supernatants of Vero E6 cells, infected with SARS‐CoV, were used as positive controls.RESULTS:None of 31,151 blood donors were positive for the presence of SARS. Two 96‐member plasma pools that were each spiked with 100 µL of plasma of the German index patient or his wife, respectively, were positive. Overall, 0.85 percent of test results had to be considered invalid owing to negative internal controls.CONCLUSION:A real‐time CoV PCR test is able to detect SARS‐CoV in viremic blood donor samples even in the beginning of the disease when patients present minor clinical symptoms. Thus the assay could potentially help to prevent transfusion‐associated SARS‐CoV transmissions.
Low‐dose lenograstim to enhance engraftment after autologous stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized evaluation of two different fixed doses
Authors: Suh Cheolwon , Kim Hyo‐Jung , Kim Sang‐Hee , Kim Shin , Lee Soon‐Jong , Lee Yoon‐Shin , Kim Eun‐Kyoung , Kim Sung‐Bae , Lee Jung‐Sin , Kim Michael W. , Kim Kihyun , Yoon And Sung‐Soo 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: G‐CSF is used to enhance hemato‐ poietic recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), but the optimal dose of G‐CSF during engraft‐ ment has not been established. The medical cost of ASCT is a serious financial burden in developing countries, and G‐CSF is the most costly drug used in this procedure. We evaluated whether a lower, vial‐size fitted dose of lenograstim is clinically equivalent to a higher fixed dose.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study was performed on 33 patients (11 non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, 8 multiple myeloma, 14 breast cancer) undergoing ASCT. Patients were randomly administered 100 µg or 250 µg lenograstim daily starting on the next day of ASCT, with a minimum infusion of 3 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg.RESULTS: For both lenograstim doses, median time to neutrophil engraftment was 9 days and median time to PLT engraftment was 11 days. Episodes of clinically documented infections were 10 per 379 patient‐days in the 100 µg per day group and 10 per 320 patient‐days in the 250 µg per day group. There were no between‐group differences in requirements for transfusion of RBCs or PLTs. Duration of hospitalization was 16 days for the 100 µg per day group and 17 days for the 250 µg per day group. Daily lenograstim dose per patient's body weight and total amount of lenograstim used during ASCT were both significantly lower in the 100 µg per day group.CONCLUSION: Administration of 100 µg per day of lenograstim showed comparable clinical efficacy to 250 µg per day lenograstim for immediate hematopoietic recovery after ASCT. Use of the lower dose was associated with lower overall lenograstim usage and lower cost.
Upper‐extremity deep venous thrombosis complicating whole‐blood donation
Authors: Covin R.B. , Rich N.L. , Aysola Agnes 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: Up to 36 percent of blood donors may experience a donation‐related complication. Fatigue, bruises, hematomas, and vasovagal reactions comprise the great majority of donor reactions and injuries. Serious complications are rare.CASE REPORT: A 20‐year‐old female taking the third‐generation oral contraceptive desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol (Mircette) developed bruising and increased pain and swelling of her right arm over a 5‐day period after whole‐blood donation. She was a first‐time donor and the venipuncture was reported as being mildly traumatic. There was no personal or family history of thrombosis.RESULTS: Ultrasound examination of her upper extremity revealed the presence of a deep venous thrombosis that required treatment with enoxaparin sodium for 5 days and warfarin for 6 months. Evaluation for thrombophilia was negative. The only risk factor for thrombosis was use of oral contraceptives.CONCLUSION: Although serious complications from whole‐blood donation are rare, they may occur. Deep venous thrombosis should be considered in a donor presenting with increasing pain and swelling after blood donation.
A preclinical xenotransplantation animal model to assess human hematopoietic stem cell engraftment
Authors: Angelopoulou Maria K. , Rinder Henry , Wang Chao , Burtness Barbara , Cooper Dennis L. , Krause Diane S. 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: Delayed megakaryocytic engraftment occurs in approximately 8 percent of patients undergoing autologous transplantation with PBPCs, and a reliable assay to predict engraftment is not yet available.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The correlation between human cell engraftment in a mouse xenotrans‐ plantation model with the rate of megakaryocytic recovery for individual patients after autologous PBPC transplantation was evaluated. Engraftment into nonobese diabetic (NOD)‐severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and NOD‐SCID‐β2mnull mice was compared for patients with rapid (11 days) PLT recovery (good engrafters, GEs) versus those with delayed (18 days) PLT engraftment (poor engrafters, PEs). PBPCs (1 × 106 CD34+ cells) were transplanted into sublethally irradiated (300 cGy) mice, and human WBC and human PLT engraftment were analyzed by FACS in the blood weekly. Human WBCs and human CFU‐megakaryocytes (Mks) in the marrow were determined 6 to 7 weeks after transplant.RESULTS: Six PEs and five GEs were analyzed. Four of six PEs showed no human cell engraftment, whereas five of five GEs showed multilineage human hematopoiesis including the presence of CFU‐Mks. Human WBC engraftment and human CFU‐Mks differed significantly between GEs and PEs (p < 0.01). NOD‐SCID‐β2mnull had significantly higher levels of human engraftment than NOD‐SCID mice (p < 0.05). The two PEs whose PBPCs were capable of engrafting in the mice had underlying liver abnormalities that may have played a role in their delayed engraftment.CONCLUSIONS: Time to PLT recovery in patients correlates strongly with human PLT and human WBC engraftment and with the number of human CFU‐Mks (p < 0.05) in a xenogeneic transplant model. This model may be useful for future studies to test therapeutic strategies for enhancement of engraftment.
Postdelivery levels of anti‐D IgG prophylaxis in D– mothers depend on maternal body weight
Authors: Woelfer Brigitte , Schuchter Katharina , Janisiw Michael , Hafner Erich , Philipp Karl , Panzer Simon 
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND: Current recommendations for anti‐D prophylaxis for women who deliver a D+ offspring vary from country to country, and the introduction of new reagents require pharmacokinetic studies that show serum levels after the injection. Serum levels of anti‐D may depend on the maternal body mass index (BMI).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum concen‐trations of total anti‐D IgG and IgG1‐4 subclasses were determined by flow cytometry in 26 D– women, who had received prophylaxis after delivery of a D+ offspring. Blood samples were drawn on Days 1, 2, 3, and 14 after injection, and the BMI was recorded.RESULTS: Anti‐D levels increased continuously in all women during the first 3 days. The increase was significantly affected by the BMI if higher than 27 kg per m2 (p < 0.001). The higher the BMI, the less was the increase of serum anti‐D. Mean peak levels 72 hours after injection was 89 ng per mL in lean women, but estimated levels were 28 to 60 percent lower in women with a BMI of 28 to 40 kg per m2. The effect of a BMI higher than 27 kg per m2 on anti‐D was not gradual but progressive. Similarly, the BMI affected serum concentrations of anti‐D subclasses IgG1‐4 (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The BMI needs consideration for the adjustment of the dosage of anti‐D, provided its bio‐ availability to suppress alloimmunization is reflected by measurable amounts in the serum.