bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression profiles of NOD1 and NOD2 and pathological changes in gills during Flavobacterium columnare infection in yellow catfish, Tachysurus fulvidraco
Authors: Chen Ran , Shi Zechao , Han Qianxi , Wang Qin , Wang Bingchao , Guo Mengge , Ji Wei , Shen Li 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNOD‐like receptors are significant contributors to the immune response of fish against different types of pathogen invasion. NOD1 and NOD2 genes of yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco) were identified and characterized in this study. Yellow catfish NOD1 and NOD2 have open reading frames (ORFs) of 2841 and 2949 bp, encoding 946 and 982 amino acids, respectively. Both NOD1 and NOD2 are intracellular proteins lacking transmembrane regions and signal peptides. Sequence homology analysis revealed that the protein sequences of NOD1 and NOD2 of yellow catfish are highly similar to those of channel catfish. Both NOD1 and NOD2 showed high expression in the head kidney, and spleen. Following challenge with Flavobacterium columnare, NOD1 expression obviously increased in the liver, spleen, midgut, and hindgut, whereas NOD2 clearly increased in head kidney, and gut. Microscopic observation of gill tissues revealed evident epithelial hyperplasia in the secondary gill filaments at 3 and 6 hpi, with a notable decrease in the aspect ratio in comparison with the control group, followed by a return to baseline levels. These findings indicate a potential involvement of NOD1 and NOD2 genes in defense against F. columnare invasion. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights into NOD1 and NOD2's functions in the innate immune response of yellow catfish and other fish species to bacterial infection.
Updating STEADI for Primary Care: Recommendations From the American Geriatrics Society Workgroup
Authors: Johnson Theodore M. , Vincenzo Jennifer L. , De Lima Bryanna , Casey Colleen M. , Gray Shelly , McMahon Siobhan K. , Phelan Elizabeth A. , Eckstrom Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries) toolkit which is based on the 2011 American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society (AGS/BGS) fall prevention guideline. In 2024, the National Network of Public Health Institutes (NNPHI), via a Cooperative Award with the CDC of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), invited AGS to recommend updates to STEADI with a focus on falls prevention in primary care. An AGS workgroup reviewed the 2022/2024 publications and held three outreach events with stakeholders (448 participants) to get feedback on current STEADI materials and draft recommendations focused on primary care. Recommendations for improving uptake of STEADI included reframing the why (alignment with ambulation goals) and the how (engage all available interdisciplinary team members) and addressing time limitations by prioritizing STEADI elements that can be done with available time and completing assessments across multiple visits. Screening recommendations included using the Three Key Questions first, and only if positive, asking the remaining Stay Independent questions. Assessment recommendations were to limit the scope of some activities (e.g., consider specifically fall risk‐increasing drugs) while expanding others (e.g., incorporating hearing and bladder health assessments). Where the choice of intervention is obvious from screening (e.g., referral to a physical therapist if screening questions points to a strength, mobility, or gait problem), an in‐office assessment may reasonably be skipped. These recommendations could improve effectiveness and ease of implementation of STEADI in primary care and help primary care teams reframe fall prevention as a chronic condition deserving ongoing engagement, assessment, intervention, and follow‐up.
Cell wall dynamic changes and signaling during plant lateral root development
Authors: Shang Erlei , Tu Qiang , Yu Zipeng , Ding Zhaojun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLateral roots (LRs), are an important component of plant roots, playing a crucial role in anchoring the plant in the soil and facilitating the uptake of water and nutrients. As post‐embryonic organs, LRs originate from the pericycle cells of the primary root, and their formation is characterized by precise regulation of cell division and complex intercellular interactions, both of which are closely tied to cell wall regulation. Considering the rapid advances in molecular techniques over the past three decades, we reframe the understanding of the dynamic change in cell wall during LR development by summarizing the factors that precipitate these changes and their effects, as well as the regulated signals involved. Additionally, we discuss current challenges in this field and propose potential solutions.
A phytocytokine and its derived peptides in the frass of an insect elicit rice defenses
Authors: Chen Shuting , Jing Shiyun , Ye Miaofen , Feng Yubing , Xu Yayun , Lin Na , Kuai Peng , Turlings Ted C. J. , Lou Yonggen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUpon recognizing elicitors derived from herbivores, many plants activate specific defenses. Most of the elicitors identified thus far are from the oral secretions and egg‐laying fluids of herbivores; in contrast, herbivore fecal excreta have been sparsely studied in this context. In this study, we identified elicitors in the frass of the striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) larvae using a combination of molecular and chemical analyses, bioactivity tests and insect performance bioassays. Treating rice plants with SSB frass or a solution composed of SSB frass and buffer elicited mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades and the jasmonic acid (JA)‐signaling pathway. Moreover, the treatment induced both the expression of defense‐related genes and the production of defensive compounds, and enhanced the resistance of rice plants to SSB. Heating SSB frass solution did not affect its induction activity, but eliminating proteins and peptides from the solution by adding proteinase K impaired its activity. Additional chemical analyses and bioassays revealed that the rice phytocytokine, immune response peptide 1(IRP1), together with some of its derived peptides in SSB frass, induced the MPK cascades, JA biosynthesis, the expression of defense genes and the production of defensive compounds in rice. These results reveal an important role for the plant‐derived fecal peptide phytocytokine IRP1 and some of its derived peptides in inducing defenses in rice against SSB.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Transgender Adults
Authors: Chiow Jobina , Cicero Ethan C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of developing chronic health conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), self‐reported confusion/memory loss, and an early clinical manifestation of ADRD. While ACEs and SCD have both been individually studied in transgender and nonbinary (TGN) adults, no study has examined the relationship between the two among this population. This study sought to establish the prevalence of ACEs and their association with SCD among TGN adults.DesignCross‐sectional, secondary analysis of publicly available data.Methods2019–2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, representing 16 US states that assessed ACEs, SCD, and self‐reported gender identity were used to determine the association between ACEs and SCD among TGN adults aged 45+ (N = 206). Pearson's chi‐squared/Fisher's exact tests assessed the association between ACEs (individual, categorical, sum score) and SCD. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the associations between ACEs and SCD.Results18% (n = 38) of TGN adults in the sample endorsed SCD, 60% (n = 120) experienced any ACE, 20% (n = 41) 1 ACE, and 18% (n = 37) experienced > 4 ACEs. Nearly 50% experienced childhood abuse (n = 94) or household dysfunction (n = 92). Among those with SCD, 34% (n = 13) reported > 4 ACEs, and 73% (n = 26) reported childhood abuse or household dysfunction (n = 27). Most ACES were associated with and increased the risk of SCD, even after adjusting for BRFSS year, age, race, education, and employment. The odds of SCD increased 40% as the number of ACEs increased (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6, p < 0.0001). The odds of SCD were higher with childhood abuse (aOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.88–10.02, p < 0.01) or household dysfunction (aOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.00–11.07, p < 0.01).ConclusionACEs increase the risk of SCD among TGN adults. Gender‐affirming and trauma‐informed nursing care are important, and screening and interventions for ACEs and SCD are needed to help reduce the risk of SCD and ADRD.Clinical RelevanceExamining how adverse childhood experiences impact different aspects of health, including brain health, is important to nursing practice as it can provide clinical care strategies and identify interventions to specifically address ways to improve the health and well‐being of transgender and nonbinary people.
Intraskeletal histovariability and skeletochronology in an ornithopod dinosaur from the Maestrazgo Basin (Teruel, Spain)
Authors: Maíllo Juan , Hidalgo‐Sanz Jerome , Gasca José Manuel , Canudo José Ignacio , Moreno‐Azanza Miguel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOrnithopods are an extinct group of dinosaurs that were particularly abundant and diverse in the Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula, and whose abundance in the Maestrazgo Basin has allowed numerous taxa to be identified over the last decade. Many of these fossil remains are still taxonomically indeterminate and require a more detailed study on both a macroscopic and microscopic scale. In this contribution, an osteohistological analysis is carried out on a partial skeleton—composed of five incomplete vertebrae, two dorsal ribs, an ischium, a fibula, and a tibia—found in the province of Aliaga (Teruel, NE Spain). We identified a progressive slowdown in tissue apposition and a variation in the type of growth marks generated in every bone, allowing a more precise identification of the ontogenetic stage of the specimen as a subadult individual. The skeletochronological correlation between the different elements also suggests that the specimen reached sexual maturity at around seven years of age and died between nine and twelve years of age. Likewise, the usefulness of the three‐front model is proven for the first time in an ornithopod dinosaur, as a tool for analysing the histology expressed by the different bone elements of a single specimen and inferring their skeletochronological potential. Comparison with other ornithopod taxa reveals the great variability that each bone element shows depending on the taxon analysed, which prevents us from determining a single element suitable for studying the skeletochronology of any ornithopod taxon.
Fracture resistance of analog and CAD‐CAM long‐span fixed provisional restorations: An in vitro experimental study
Authors: Herdocia‐Lluberes Claudia S. , Chardon‐Narvaez Antonio , Jana‐Hernández Zareth , Lopez‐Santiago Jeromi G. , Guo Kai , Blanco‐Plard Arturo , Elias‐Boneta Augusto R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of long‐span fixed provisional restorations fabricated using milling, three‐dimensional (3D) printing, and conventional methods.Materials and MethodsSixty specimens were prepared, divided into four groups of 15 each, corresponding to four fabrication methods: computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) milled provisional resins, 3D‐printed provisional resins, 3D‐printed permanent resins, and conventional bis‐acryl restorations reinforced with wire. The specimens underwent a three‐point bending test using a universal testing machine to measure fracture resistance, quantified as maximum force (in Newtons). Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post‐hoc tests to compare the fracture resistance across the four groups.ResultsSignificant differences in fracture resistance were observed among the materials tested (p < 0.001). Both the CAD‐CAM milled and 3D‐printed resins exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance than the conventional bis‐acryl method.ConclusionThe results highlight the mechanical advantages of digital fabrication methods for long‐span provisional applications in prosthodontics. These techniques may provide improved durability and reliability, addressing the mechanical demands of complex restorations.
The impact of customized surface topography and porosity created by additive manufacturing technology on gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Khurana Saumya , Floriani Franciele , Li Yingzi , Liu Xiaohua , Zandinejad Amirali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze gingival fibroblast proliferation on additively manufactured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) groups with different surface characteristics namely no treatment group (NTG) and customized 250 µm diameter porosity (AM‐250G) group.Materials and Methods3D‐printed NTG was compared for its influence on growth of cells to a additively manufactured surface with porosity (AM‐250G). For each group (NTG, AM‐250G) 20 samples of material were tested. Fibroblast cells, at a concentration of 2.5 × 104 cells/mL, were seeded into 48 plates separately into two groups (NTG, AM‐250G). These were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C and 5% CO2 atmosphere. For cell proliferation MTT assay was conducted at 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell proliferation was quantified through optical density (OD) measurements of the cell supernatant, and surface analysis was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data normality was confirmed by the Shapiro–Wilk test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Statistical analysis was conducted using an independent Student's t‐test at each time point.ResultsA significant difference in cell proliferation was observed at 24 h, with the NTG group showing higher cell numbers compared to AM‐250G group. Qualitative analysis of cell culture was performed using scanning electron microscopy to compare to the NTG and the porosity (AM‐250G) groups after 24, 48, and 72 h of fibroblast tissue attachment. No significant differences were observed between the groups at the 48 and 72‐h intervals.ConclusionsAt 24 h, the NTG surface demonstrated superior cell proliferation compared to the surface with porosity (AM‐250G). However, significant differences in cell growth on both materials at 48 and 72 h, suggesting that both surface types eventually support similar levels of cell proliferation, with an increase of extensive spread and elongation of fibroblasts cells proliferation on the surface with porosity.
Can Intravenous Caffeine Citrate Be Used for Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Children? A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Brooks Rebecca , Babushkin Vladislav , Rekhtman David , Cohen‐Cymberknoh Malena , Shoseyov David , Shavit Itai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the effectiveness of intravenous caffeine citrate in paediatric asthma exacerbation unresponsive to beta2‐agonists and steroids.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective cohort study was conducted on asthmatic children unresponsive to beta2‐agonists and steroids, who were treated with either intravenous caffeine citrate or magnesium sulphate. The study outcomes were changes in the Paediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) score, duration of oxygen therapy and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length‐of‐stay.ResultsOverall, 296 children were treated in the PICU between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020. Fifteen and 26 children unresponsive to beta2‐agonists and steroids (median ages 2.3 [0.7–11] and 3.0 [1.2–8.5] years), respectively, received caffeine citrate and magnesium sulphate. The two groups showed similar demographic characteristics and baseline parameters. At 24 and 48 h, the median (IQR) PRAM scores for the caffeine and magnesium groups were 4 (2–6) and 5 (4–6), respectively (p = 0.27), and 7 (6–8) and 8 (5–9), respectively (p = 0.57). The median (IQR) durations of PICU stay for the caffeine and magnesium groups were 36 (19–46) and 32 (23–45) h, respectively (p = 0.77). The median (IQR) durations of oxygen therapy for the caffeine and magnesium groups were 25 (10–30) and 20 (15–30) h, respectively (p = 0.29). No serious adverse events occurred in the caffeine group. One occurred in the magnesium group.ConclusionsCaffeine citrate and magnesium sulphate demonstrated comparable effectiveness in treating steroid‐ and beta2‐agonist‐resistant asthma. A multicentre prospective study is needed to validate these results.
Epigenetic state and gene expression remain stable after CRISPR/Cas‐mediated chromosomal inversions
Authors: Khosravi Solmaz , Hinrichs Rebecca , Rönspies Michelle , Haghi Reza , Puchta Holger , Houben Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Summary
The epigenetic state of chromatin, gene activity and chromosomal positions are interrelated in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, chromosome arms are DNA‐hypomethylated and enriched with the euchromatin‐specific histone mark H3K4me3, while pericentromeric regions are DNA‐hypermethylated and enriched with the heterochromatin‐specific mark H3K9me2. We aimed to investigate how the chromosomal location affects epigenetic stability and gene expression by chromosome engineering.
Two chromosomal inversions of different sizes were induced using CRISPR/Cas9 to move heterochromatic, pericentric sequences into euchromatic regions. The epigenetic status of these lines was investigated using whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Gene expression changes following the induction of the chromosomal inversions were studied via transcriptome analysis.
Both inversions had a minimal impact on the global distribution of histone marks and DNA methylation patterns, although minor epigenetic changes were observed across the genome. Notably, the inverted chromosomal regions and their borders retained their original epigenetic profiles. Gene expression analysis showed that only 0.5–1% of genes were differentially expressed genome‐wide following the induction of the inversions.
CRISPR/Cas‐induced chromosomal inversions minimally affect epigenetic landscape and gene expression, preserving their profiles in subsequent generations.
Projected changes in moisture sources and sinks affecting the US East Coast and the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Eiras‐Barca Jorge , Fernández‐Alvarez José Carlos , Alvarez‐Socorro Gleisis , Rahimi‐Esfarjani Stefan , Carrasco‐Pena Pedro , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study uses a combination of the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale Eulerian model (FLEXPART‐WRF) to analyze the expected mid‐ to late‐century changes in the moisture sources and sinks of the North American East Coast (ENA) and the Gulf of Mexico (GM), as well as their most relevant abrupt moisture transport events–atmospheric rivers (ARs) and low‐level jets of the Great Plains (GPLLJ) and the Caribbean (CLLJ). Both the ENA and GM are expected to increase in importance as moisture source regions over the century, both overall and in their contributions to the ARs and both LLJs. A notable increase in the intensity of the GPLLJ and CLLJ moisture sources is also observed. All of these behaviors are neither spatially nor temporally homogeneous and need to be analyzed in a seasonal context. Likewise, the most relevant signs of change are practically all observed by the end of the century. Other noteworthy behaviors are also observed, including an increase in humidity associated with landfalling atmospheric river events in the winter months, or a notable latitudinal shift of the CLLJ's area of influence. These findings are best understood within the context of an observed increase in both continental precipitation and sea surface temperature.
A New Research Agenda for Social Inequalities in Mortality: Challenges and Open Questions
Authors: Sasson Isaac 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch on mortality inequalities has proliferated in demography in recent decades, documenting disparities between nations and within them across multiple social dimensions. Yet, this literature remains largely descriptive and atheoretical. In this paper, I identify three open questions in need of theoretical development. First, I identify a general shift from gender (and race) based mortality inequalities to class‐based inequalities across low‐mortality countries. I argue that this shift may be better understood by focusing on the structural determinants of population health, in addition to explanations grounded in individual behavior and risk factors. Second, a growing body of literature has called for moving beyond group differences in life expectancy and adopting the concept of lifespan inequality. However, the drivers of lifespan inequality are not well understood. I argue that a comprehensive framework is needed for clarifying the interplay of nature, nurture, and chance in shaping variability in individual lifespans. Third, I draw attention to the causal role that mortality inequalities may play in driving social change. I argue that differential exposure to death in one's network of social relations may give rise to different modes of thinking, feeling, and acting, and in turn lead to group differences in preferences, actions, and outcomes.
Successful Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis With Apremilast in an Immunosuppressed Pediatric Patient on Concurrent Biologic Therapy
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen J. , Linggonegoro Danny , Admani Shehla 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTImmunosuppressive medication may be indicated in patients with severe psoriasis refractory to other treatment modalities. There is a subset of patients, however, who are immunosuppressed at baseline and are not ideal candidates for these agents. Here we report the case of a 15‐year‐old girl on immunosuppressive medication for preexisting pancolitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis who had an excellent response to concurrent apremilast therapy for her previously refractory palmoplantar psoriasis. These findings support the potential role of apremilast in treating pediatric palmoplantar psoriasis and its utility as an adjunctive therapy in immunosuppressed patients with refractory skin disease.