bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human polyomavirus DNA is not detected in Guthrie cards (dried blood spots) from children who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Priftakis Peter , Dalianis Tina , Carstensen John , Samuelsson Ulf , Lewensohn‐Fuchs Ilona , Bogdanovic Gordana , Winiarski Jacek , Gustafsson Britt 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological evidence has suggested that some childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be initiated in utero and may have an infectious etiology. The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) has been discussed as a candidate virus, but its presence has not been demonstrated in leukemia cells from children with ALL. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate if prenatal human polyomavirus infection could still indirectly be correlated to the development of childhood ALL.ProcedureFifty‐four Guthrie cards (stored, dried blood spots filter papers, routinely collected from newborns for different screening analyses), collected at 3–5 days of age, from Swedish children who subsequently developed ALL, as well as from 37 healthy controls, were investigated by nested PCR for the presence of human polyomaviruses JCV and BK virus (BKV).ResultsJCV and BKV DNA were not detected in any of the Guthrie cards from ALL patients or from healthy controls, although all tested samples had amplifiable DNA as confirmed by an HLA DQ PCR.ConclusionsJCV or BKV were not found in any of the dried blood spots of children who later developed ALL or in the healthy controls. These findings suggest that it is unlikely that childhood ALL is associated with an in utero infection with JCV or BKV, although it is not possible to exclude an association with an in utero infection that has become latent in the kidneys with very low levels of circulating virus at birth. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:219–223. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcome in children with craniopharyngioma treated with primary surgery and radiotherapy deferred until relapse
Authors: Kalapurakal John A. , Goldman Stewart , Hsieh Y.C. , Tomita Tadanori , Marymont Maryanne H. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundTo report the clinical outcome in children with craniopharyngioma following primary surgery and deferred radiotherapy at relapse.ProcedureTwenty‐five children with craniopharyngioma were treated with primary surgery. Total resection was achieved in 19 children (76%), while in 24% total resection was not achieved due to tumor adhesion to adjacent critical structures. None of these children received radiation therapy immediately after total or sub‐total resection. Radiotherapy was delivered at the time of relapse in 11 patients (44%).ResultsThe median follow‐up from primary surgery was 10 years (3–16 years). The 14 year overall survival was 100%. Tumor recurrence was observed in (12/25) 48% at a median interval of 17 months. Tumor recurrence following total resection was 6/19 (32%) compared to 100% (6/6) following sub‐total resection, and radiotherapy. The 2, 3, and 6 years relapse‐free survival following initial surgery was 72, 55, and 50%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed only extent of surgery to be significant for local recurrence (P < 0.0001). The sequelae observed in these patients included panhypopituitarism (100%), appetite disorders and hypothalamic obesity (32%), neuropsychological and behavioral disorders (20%), and sleep disorders (12%). Majority of children with non‐endocrine complications had a local recurrence requiring further surgery and radiotherapy.ConclusionsThe two standard treatment options in children with craniopharyngioma are primary surgery and sub‐total resection followed by radiotherapy. In certain subgroups of patients such as those with large tumors and hypothalamic extension, primary surgery is associated with a high incidence of complications and high failure rates. We recommend utilization of an individualized risk‐based treatment approach, that attempts to maximize cure rates without compromising long‐term functional outcome in children with craniopharyngiomas. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:214–218. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of retinoic acid on proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, migration, and invasion of neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Voigt A. , Zintl F. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the known property of less aggressiveness of differentiated cells compared to immatured cells all attempts are made to elucidate whether differentiation inducers possibly could be applied for neuroblastoma therapy. We are interested in examining the influence of retinoic acid (RA) on proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, migration, and invasion in dependence of the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells classified into N‐type (SK‐N‐FI, SH‐SY5Y), I‐type (SK‐PN‐DW), and S‐type (SK‐N‐LO, SK‐N‐MC) cells.ProcedureNeuroblastoma cells were exposed to 10−5 M RA and 200 ng/ml camptothecin (CAM) (control substance for apoptosis). Proliferation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity were quantified by photometric assays. The influence on migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cells was examined by a scratch‐test and by the measurement of the invasion through matrigel coated chamber inserts.ResultsIn general, RA treatment induced proliferation inhibition predominantly in the cell lines SK‐PN‐DW (16%, P < 0.05) and SK‐N‐MC (8%, (P < 0.001), respectively. In the N‐type cell lines SK‐N‐FI (P > 0.05) and SH‐SY5Y (P < 0.001) no proliferation inhibition was determined conforming with no detection of apoptosis. CAM confirmed its capability to induce apoptosis in the cell lines SH‐SY5Y (43.6%, P < 0.05), SK‐PN‐DW (54.8%, P > 0.05), and SK‐N‐MC (28.9%, P < 0.0 01) except for SK‐N‐FI with only 9.3% (P > 0.05), but after 24 hr of treatment. Minor signs of restricted migration were observed, while RA treatment reduced significantly the invasion rate through Matrigel of SK‐N‐FI to 13.3% (P < 0.01), SH‐SY5Y to 19.2% (P < 0.05), SK‐N‐MC to 27.8% (P < 0.05), and SK‐N‐LO to 17.7% (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIt is demonstrated that RA treatment can interfere with cell growth and in invasion by inducing neuronal differentiation in N‐type and apoptosis in S‐type neuroblastoma cell lines. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:205–213. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics and adequacy of intravenous morphine infusions in children in a paediatric oncology setting
Authors: Flogegård Helena , Ljungman Gustaf 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundPain management is central in the care of patients in paediatric oncology. Intravenous (i.v.) morphine infusion is an important treatment modality. The objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics of children who receive i.v. morphine infusions in a paediatric oncology setting and to describe the effectiveness, tolerability, and limiting side‐effects of this treatment.ProcedureWe prospectively collected evaluation charts for all morphine infusions in a paediatric oncology unit during a 4‐year period, and reviewed the medical records of the patients. The incidence of breakthrough pain was used as a measure of the effectiveness of morphine treatment. For comparison, patients were grouped according to causes of pain; minor surgery, major surgery, tumour/disease, or treatment side‐effects.ResultsOverall, 72 individuals (36% of all 201 patients diagnosed in the unit) were given morphine infusions. Patients with pain after major surgery suffered from more breakthrough pain than the other patients during the 1st day of morphine treatment even though their morphine consumption was almost twice as high (0.64 vs. 0.36 mg/kg, P < 0.001); 92% of these patients had solid tumours. Common morphine side‐effects were vomiting (38%), nausea (32%), and constipation (24%).ConclusionsPatients who undergo major tumour surgery require extensive pain management to achieve acceptable post‐operative pain relief. The routine of giving both a bolus dose and increasing the morphine dose at breakthrough pain should be encouraged. For the other patients studied, morphine infusions were considered to be adequate, but vomiting, nausea, and constipation might be reduced if prophylactic antiemetics and laxatives were given. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:233–238. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degree of fatness after treatment of malignant lymphoma in childhood
Authors: Nysom Karsten , Holm Kirsten , Michaelsen Kim Fleischer , Hertz Henrik , Müller Jørn , Mølgaard Christian 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundSex hormone deficiency or growth hormone deficiency may cause excess fatness after treatment for childhood malignant lymphoma. Previous studies of the body composition after treatment for childhood cancer included few survivors of malignant lymphoma who were not analysed separately.ProcedureWe measured the whole‐body percent fat by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the body‐mass index (weight/height2 (kg/m2), BMI) in survivors of childhood Hodgkin disease (n = 23) or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 21) a median of 11 years after diagnosis (range 2–25). Results were compared with local data on 463 healthy controls.ResultsAdjusted for sex and age, the mean BMI did not differ from that of local controls, but the mean whole‐body percent fat was significantly increased (0.8 SD above predicted, P = 0.0001). Sixteen of 44 participants had a percent fat above the 90 percentile of the reference values, which indicates excess fatness. Adjusted for sex and age, percent fat was significantly higher in persons treated for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Controlled for this, the whole‐body percent fat was not significantly related to sex, age at diagnosis, length of follow‐up, sex hormone therapy at follow‐up or the cumulative dose of corticosteroids or doxorubicin.ConclusionsEleven years after diagnosis of childhood Hodgkin disease or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, the whole‐body percent fat was increased whereas the BMI was like that of the controls. This indicates a reduced lean body mass. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:239–243. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Valid informed consent and participative decision‐making in children with cancer and their parents: A report of the SIOP working committee on psychosocial issues in pediatric oncology
Authors: Spinetta John J. , Masera Giuseppe , Jankovic Momcilo , Oppenheim Daniel , Martins Antonio Gentil , Ben Arush Myriam Weyl , van Dongen‐Melman Jeanette , Epelman Claudia , Medin Gabriela , Pekkanen Kirsti , Eden Tim 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis is the tenth official document of the SIOP Working Committee on psychosocial issues in pediatric oncology, instituted in 1991. It is addressed to the pediatric oncology community. Children clearly have a right to participate in medical decisions regarding their own treatment, based on the developmental level of the child. The objective of these guidelines is to encourage physicians to share with the child developmentally relevant medical information specific to that particular child's health status, in the context of the child's own culture, so that he or she can actively participate in the decision‐making process regarding his or her own health. These guidelines, geared toward this objective, discuss the child's right to medical information, the parents' legal responsibility for but not exclusive right over the child's health, and ways of encouraging the younger child's active participation in his or her own health care at an age‐appropriate level of understanding. For adolescents, there should be a full and legally mandated power to make their own decisions regarding medical treatment. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:244–246. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strength and functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gocha Marchese Victoria , Chiarello Lisa A. , Lange Beverly J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe purposes of this pilot study were as follows: (1) to evaluate tools for measuring neuropathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), (2) to examine strength and functional mobility in children with ALL, and (3) to determine if there is a relationship between strength and function.ProcedureStrength of knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion as measured with a dynamometer and functional mobility with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) were examined in eight children with ALL, ages 4–15 years, before and during delayed intensification (DI) therapy and in age‐ and gender‐matched controls.ResultsThe mean knee extension strength, ankle dorsiflexion strength, and TUG measures for children with ALL before DI were significantly less than the means for the controls. The mean dorsiflexion strength measures for the children with ALL afte4 weeks of DI therapy were significantly lower than at time zero. Correlation of −0.794 (P = 0.05) was found between knee extension strength and TUG score for children with ALL.ConclusionsThe dynamometer and TUG are reliable tools to measure strength and function in children with ALL early in their treatment. In this study, ankle dorsiflexion strength worsened during DI therapy. There was a correlation between strength and function in children with ALL. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:230–232. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis integrity after cranial irradiation for childhood posterior fossa tumours
Authors: Spoudeas H.A. , Charmandari E. , Brook C.G.D. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe evolution of anterior pituitary deficits after treatment for pituitary tumours has been largely attributed to local irradiation, but may be influenced as much by tumour mass or surgery. Other than growth hormone (GH) insufficiency, the late endocrinopathies after survival from non‐central brain tumours have been little documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in long‐term survivors of cranial irradiation for childhood posterior fossa tumours.ProcedureWe studied long‐term data in patients treated prepubertally for posterior fossa brain tumours and systematically referred by radiation oncologists for growth and pubertal monitoring to the London Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology over the last 25 years. They must have undergone HPA axis assessment twice, first prepubertally at documentation of growth failure, and second at completion of growth and puberty. Data on sixteen patients (12 males, 4 females; median age: 5.7 years, range: 2.5–8.8 years), who had undergone excision surgery with high dose cranial irradiation and/or chemotherapy for childhood posterior fossa tumours, were examined. Patients were followed for a median of 11.0 (range: 6.8–21.4) years after radiotherapy. HPA axis assessment was undertaken with the insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia test (ITT). Basal thyroid, cortisol and gonadal function tests were undertaken annually throughout the follow‐up period and any deficits replaced.ResultsAt each ITT, all patients mounted an inadequate GH response. By the end of the follow‐up period all patients remained severely GH deficient, two (12.5%) had partial ACTH insufficiency, one (6.3%) had secondary hypothyroidism but none were gonadotropin deficient or hyperprolactinaemic.ConclusionsUnlike the severe, evolving multiple pituitary deficits after treatment of pituitary or central tumours in adults, these findings in children with posterior fossa tumours suggest that, with the exception of GH, neurotoxicity due to irradiation per se is associated with a low prevalence of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, even at a long follow‐up. Since the children in this study were selected for assessment on the basis of growth failure, the high prevalence of GH insufficiency at first testing is to be expected; however, the early onset (within 1–3 years of irradiation) and permanence we have identified supports the view that GH is the most sensitive hormone to radiation injury. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:224–229. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid–liquid–air coupling in multiphase porous media
Authors: Laloui Lyesse , Klubertanz Georg , Vulliet Laurent 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis paper addresses various issues concerning the modelling of solid–liquid–air coupling in multiphase porous media with an application to unsaturated soils. General considerations based on thermodynamics permit the derivation and discussion of the general form of field equations; two cases are considered: a three phase porous material with solid, liquid and gas, and a two phase porous material with solid, liquid and empty space. Emphasis is placed on the presentation of differences in the formulation and on the role of the gas phase. The finite element method is used for the discrete approximation of the partial differential equations governing the problem. The two formulations are then analysed with respect to a documented drainage experiment carried out by the authors. The merits and shortcomings of the two approaches are shown. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olfactory neurons expressing identified receptor genes project to subsets of glomeruli within the antennal lobe of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bhalerao Sheetal , Sen Anindya , Stocker Reinhard , Rodrigues Veronica 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe have used green fluorescent protein to trace the projection patterns of olfactory neurons expressing identified candidate odorant receptors to the brain of Drosophila. At the periphery, receptor expression correlates with specific sense‐organ subtype, independent of location on the antennal surface. The majority of neurons expressing a given receptor converge onto one or two major glomeruli as described previously. However, we detected a few additional glomeruli, which are less intensely innervated and also tend to be somewhat variable. This means that functionally similar olfactory neurons connect to small subsets of glomeruli rather than to a single glomerulus as believed previously. This finding has important implications for our understanding of odor coding and the generation of olfactory behavior. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 577–592, 2003
Seasonal regulation of NMDA receptor NR2B mRNA in the adult canary song system
Authors: Singh Tryambak D. , Heinrich Julie E. , Wissman Anne M. , Brenowitz Eliot A. , Nordeen E. J. , Nordeen K. W. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDevelopmental changes in the composition and function of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are believed to regulate neural plasticity. For example, in songbirds, vocal learning entails NMDAR activation, and the sensitive period for such learning in zebra finches (ZFs) parallels developmental changes in NMDAR density and phenotype within several song‐related brain regions. In contrast to ZFs, canaries exhibit vocal plasticity recurrently throughout adulthood, prompted by seasonal changes in day length and testosterone (T) levels. We used in situ hybridization to determine if such changes in photoperiod affect NMDAR subunit expression in adult canaries. Birds were sacrificed while on short days (SD) when T levels were low, or on long days (LD) when T levels were high. Transcript levels for the constitutive NMDAR subunit (NR1) and two modulatory subunits (NR2A, NR2B) were measured in four song control nuclei: lMAN, Area X, HVc, and RA. NR1 and NR2A mRNA levels were comparable in SD and LD groups in all four song regions studied. However, NR2B mRNA levels within lMAN and RA were significantly higher in SD than in LD birds. Photoperiod did not affect NR2B transcript levels in Area X, HVc, or a nonsong region just lateral to lMAN. Our data support the hypothesis that changes in NMDAR subunit expression may contribute to the neural and behavioral reorganization that accompanies seasonal song remodeling in adulthood. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 593–603, 2003
Initial stages of neural regeneration in Helisoma trivolvis are dependent upon PLA2 activity
Authors: Geddis Matthew S. , Rehder Vincent 
Published: January 2003

AbstractNeuronal regeneration after damage to an axon tract requires the rapid sealing of the injured plasma membrane and the subsequent formation of growth cones that can lead regenerating processes to their appropriate target. Membrane sealing and growth cone formation are Ca2+‐dependent processes, but the signaling pathways activated by Ca2+ to bring about these effects remain poorly understood. An in vitro injury model was employed in which neurites from identified snail neurons (Helisoma trivolvis) were transected with a glass microknife, and the formation of new growth cones from the distal portions of transected neurites was recorded at defined times after transection. This study presents three main results. First, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a calcium‐activated enzyme, is necessary for membrane sealing in vitro. Second, PLA2 activity is also required for the formation of a new growth cone after the membrane has sealed successfully. Thus, PLA2 plays a dual role by affecting both growth cone formation and membrane sealing. Third, the injury‐induced activation of PLA2 by Ca2+ controls growth cone formation through the production of leukotrienes, secondary metabolites of PLA2 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the injury‐induced Ca2+ influx acts via PLA2 and leukotriene production to assure growth cone formation. These findings indicate that events that cause an inhibition of PLA2 or lipoxygenases, enzymes that produce leukotrienes, could result in the inability of neurites to regenerate. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 555–565, 2003
Convergence of mechanosensory inputs onto neuromodulatory serotonergic neurons in the leech
Authors: Velázquez‐Ulloa N. , Blackshaw S. E. , Szczupak L. , Trueta C. , García E. , De‐Miguel F. F. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBy the frequency‐dependent release of serotonin, Retzius neurons in the leech modulate diverse behavioral responses of the animal. However, little is known about how their firing pattern is produced. Here we have analyzed the effects of mechanical stimulation of the skin and intracellular stimulation of mechanosensory neurons on the electrical activity of Retzius neurons. We recorded the electrical activity of neurons in ganglia attached to their corresponding skin segment by segmental nerve roots, or in isolated ganglia. Mechanosensory stimulation of the skin induced excitatory synaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials in both Retzius neurons in a ganglion. The frequency and duration of responses depended on the strength and duration of the skin stimulation. Retzius cells responded after T and P cells, but before N cells, and their sustained responses correlated with the activity of P cells. Trains of five impulses at 10 Hz in every individual T, P, or N cell in isolated ganglia produced EPSPs and action potentials in Retzius neurons. Responses to T cell stimulation appeared after the first impulse. In contrast, the responses to P or N cell stimulation appeared after two or more presynaptic impulses and facilitated afterward. The polysynaptic nature of all the synaptic inputs was shown by blocking them with a high calcium/magnesium external solution. The rise time distribution of EPSPs produced by the different mechanosensory neurons suggested that several interneurons participate in this pathway. Our results suggest that sensory stimulation provides a mechanism for regulating serotonin‐mediated modulation in the leech. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 604–617, 2003