bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using mRNA expression profiling to determine anticancer drug efficacy
Authors: Los Gerrit , Yang Fei , Samimi Goli , Manorek Gerald , Guerorguieva Ivelina M. , Howell Stephan , van Erp Nielka , Breaux James K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPharmacogenomics is a fast‐growing field of investigations that aims to further elucidate the inherited nature of interindividual differences in drug disposition and effects, with the ultimate goal of providing a stronger scientific basis for selecting the optimal drug therapy. Providing the right drug for the right patient is an important problem in the treatment of cancer. This is mainly due to the lack of information about the sensitivity of the tumor for a specific treatment modality, such as either chemotherapy or radiation treatment. This presentation highlights two approaches to identify responsiveness to treatment. Both approaches are based on the identification of expression profiles. The first approach concentrates on drug resistance and the second on the signaling pathways leading up to the death of the cell. Both approaches provide expression profiles; however, the more dynamic expression profiling as used to determine the signaling in damage cells promises to be a better determinant for the pharmacogenomic changes in expression profiles and, consequently, a potential better determinant for drug efficacy. Cytometry 47:66–71, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial KATP channels and cardioprotection
Authors: Patel Hemal H. , Gross Garrett J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSince its identification in 1983, the myocardial ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) has been recognized as an important ion channel that couples the cellular energy status to electrical activity in ischemic or hypoxic myocytes, and early studies with selective potassium channel openers suggested that opening this channel may result in cellular protection. This concept was strengthened in 1992, when it was shown that this channel was an integral part of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a phenomenon in which one or several short periods of coronary artery occlusion were shown to protect the heart from a more prolonged coronary artery occlusion. Endpoints of injury, which have been used as indices to demonstrate the efficacy of IPC, include a reduction in myocardial infarct size, a reduction in contractile dysfunction after brief periods of ischemia (myocardial stunning), and a decrease in the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during coronary artery occlusion and/or reperfusion. Since the seminal observation of a myocrdial KATP channel, two KATP channels have been identified: one in the sarcolemmal membrane (sarc KATP) and one in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mito KATP). There is evidence to support a role for both channels in mediating cardioprotection; however, the majority of recent evidence suggests that the mito KATP channel is the major channel responsible for cardioprotection after IPC or the administration of KATP opener drugs. This review will summarize the evidence supporting a role for the mito KATP channel in both acute and delayed preconditioning produced by ischemia. The review will also summarize, from a pharmacological viewpoint, the potential mechanisms responsible for the cardioprotection observed and the potential clinical implications of developing drugs that are selective mito KATP channel openers. Drug Dev. Res. 55:17–21, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Animal models of lethal arrhythmias
Authors: Billman George E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSudden cardiac death resulting from ventricular tachyarrhythmias remains the leading cause of death in industrially developed countries, accounting for between 300,000 and 500,000 deaths each year in the United States. Yet, despite the enormity of this problem, the development of safe and effective antiarrhythmic agents remains elusive. Indeed, several class I (encainide and flecainide) and class III (d‐sotalol) drugs have actually been shown to increase, rather than decrease, the risk of arrhythmic death in patients recovering from myocardial infarction. The identification of effective antiarrhythmic agents is critically dependent on the use of appropriate animal models of human disease. In particular, myocardial ischemia may be an important determinant for the development of the life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias. For example, preclinical studies demonstrate that many drugs that prevent arrhythmias induced by programmed electrical stimulation fail to prevent ventricular fibrillation provoked by ischemia in the same animals. Thus, one would predict that animal models in which lethal arrhythmias are induced by myocardial ischemia would be the most effective tools for the identification of potential antiarrhythmic medications. This review first evaluates several animal models of lethal ventricular arrhythmias with particular emphasis placed on canine models. Then it closes with a brief discussion of ATP‐sensitive potassium‐channel antagonists as an example of antiarrhythmic drugs that may act selectively on the ischemic myocardium. Drug Dev. Res. 55:59–72, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardioprotective effects of hexasulfobutylated C60 (FC4S) in anesthetized rats during coronary occlusion/reperfusion injury
Authors: Huang Shiang Suo , Tsai Shen Kou , Chiang Long Y. , Chih Lan Hui , Tsai Ming Cheng 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of hexasulfobutylated C60 (FC4S) on (1) coronary occlusion/reperfusion and (2) isolated aortic ring preparation of rats were studied in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo studies, FC4S (1–10 μg/kg, iv) reduced the incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during the coronary artery occlusion phase and the reperfusion phase. FC4S increased nitric oxide (NO) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase in plasma during the period of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. In animals subjected to 4 h of coronary occlusion, pretreatment with FC4S (10 μg/kg, iv) reduced the cardiac infarct zone (expressed as percent of area at risk) from 39.7 ± 4.8% to 11.3 ± 4.1 %. Mortality during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion was completely prevented after injection of FC4S (10 μg/Kg iv). In the isolated endothelium‐containing aortic ring preparation, phenylephrine (PE) elicited contractions and FC4S elicited a significant relaxing effect on PE‐precontracted aortic rings. This relaxing effect of FC4S was reduced by pretreatment with N(G)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (1 mM), a blocker of NO synthase. It is concluded that FC4S may be useful as a potential cardioprotective agent for cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. The beneficial effect of FC4S may be partly correlated with its antioxidant property and also by the upregulation of NO production and vasodilation effects. Drug Dev. Res. 53:244–253, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental effects of selective breeding for an infantile trait: The rat pup ultrasonic isolation call
Authors: Hofer Myron A. , Shair Harry N. , Masmela Jenny R. , Brunelli Susan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article describes how continued selection for divergent levels of the 10‐day‐old infant rat's ultrasonic vocal (USV) response to isolation affects the time course of development of that and other possible co‐selected traits from 3 to 21 days postnatally. Since selective breeding for an infantile trait has not been reported before, we collected from colleagues a number of predicted outcomes that reflect the wide range of current opinion on the relationship between microevolutionary and developmental processes. After 15 generations of selective breeding, we found widely divergent USV responses between 10‐day‐old High USV line (300 USV/2 min) and low USV line (15 USV/2 min) pups. The developmental trajectory of USV responses at 3 and 7 days of age also was markedly altered in both these lines in comparison to the randomly bred controls, but was much less affected in 14‐, 18‐, or 21‐day‐old pups, contrary to all predictions. The development of other behavioral responses to isolation generally remained unaffected by the continued selection as did physical traits, measures of temperature regulation and classic developmental milestones. Only two traits showed evidence of co‐selection: High line pups showed more urination/defecation in response to isolation from 10 days on, and more rapid ear canal opening at 10 days. These and other findings are presented and discussed in relation to the developmental and evolutionary concepts on which the different predictions were based. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 231–246, 2001
Rising cortisol at childcare: Relations with nap, rest, and temperament
Authors: Watamura Sarah E. , Sebanc Anne M. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn unexpected rise in cortisol across the day in full‐day, center‐based childcare has been recently observed. Most of the children in these studies exhibited the rise across the day at childcare, but the expected drop at home. Possible explanations include more or less napping at childcare than at home. This study measured cortisol during childcare at 10:30 a.m., pre‐rest, post‐rest, and 3:30 p.m. for 35 children, and at 10:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. at home for 8 children. Duration and quality of rest were coded during nap periods. For 91% of children, cortisol rose at childcare and for 75% dropped at home. None of the napping variables were related to the rise at childcare nor were differences found between home and childcare rest. Factors other than daytime rest periods seem likely to account for the rise in cortisol across the childcare day, possibly factors involving the interactional demands of group settings during this developmental period. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 33–42, 2002
Human handling might interfere with conspecific recognition in the european rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Pongrácz Péter , Altbäcker Vilmos , Fenes Ditte 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHandled rabbit pups react with decreased fear to a human at weaning. We hypothesized that pups learn species‐specific features of their handler. Experiment 1 showed that handled animals' reactions were similar to both a human and their mother. Experiment 2 showed that pups reacted similarly to their mother and other adult rabbits. In Experiment 3, we used nonhandled control pups, and pups in the experimental groups were stimulated either by a human, a cat, or both. Only human‐handled animals showed high affinity to approach a human at weaning. Similarly, only rabbit pups exposed to a cat did not show fear reaction towards a cat. Nonhandled controls avoided both the cat and the human, and rabbits stimulated by both species did not avoid any of them at weaning. We demonstrated that handling affected the behavior of weanling rabbits in a selective manner, as they only approached those objects frequently to which they had been exposed to. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 53–62, 2001
Zebrafish E‐cadherin: Expression during early embryogenesis and regulation during brain development
Authors: Babb Sherry G. , Barnett Jessica , Doedens Andrew L. , Cobb Nicole , Liu Qin , Sorkin Barbara C. , Yelick Pamela C. , Raymond Pamela A. , Marrs James A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractZebrafish E‐cadherin (cdh1) cell adhesion molecule cDNAs were cloned. We investigated spatial and temporal expression of cdh1 during early embryogenesis. Expression was observed in blastomeres, the anterior mesoderm during gastrulation, and developing epithelial structures. In the developing nervous system, cdh1 was detected at the pharyngula stage (24 hpf) in the midbrain‐hindbrain boundary (MHB). Developmental regulation of MHB formation involves wnt1 and pax2.1. wnt1 expression preceded cdh1 expression during MHB formation, and cdh1 expression in the MHB was dependent on normal development of this structure. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time course of female‐to‐male sex reversal in 38,XX fetal and postnatal pigs
Authors: Pailhoux Eric , Parma Pietro , Sundström Jari , Vigier Bernard , Servel Nathalie , Kuopio Teijo , Locatelli Alain , Pelliniemi Lauri J. , Cotinot Corinne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an attempt to understand the etiology of intersexuality in pigs, we thoroughly analyzed the gonads of 38,XX (SRY negative) female to male sex‐reversed animals at different developmental stages: during fetal life [50 and 70 days postcoitum (dpc)], just after birth [35 days postpartum (dpp)] and during adulthood. For each animal studied, we performed parallel histological and ultrastructural analyses on one gonad and RT‐PCR analysis on the other gonad in order to define the expression profiles of sexually regulated genes: SOX9, 3β‐HSD, P450 aromatase, AMH, FOXL2, and Wnt4. Light and electron microscopic examination showed that testicular cords differentiated in XX sex‐reversed gonads but were hypoplastic. Although the testicular cords contained gonia at the fetal stages, the germ cells had all died through apoptosis within a few weeks after birth. Ultrastructurally normal Leydig cells also differentiated, but later, and enclosed whorl‐like residual bodies. At the fetal stages, three of the six genes studied in the intersex gonads presented, as early as 50 dpc, a modified expression profile corresponding to an elevated expression of SOX9 and the beginning of AMH and P450 aromatase gene transcription. In addition to genes involved in the testicular pathway, the same gonads expressed FOXL2, an ovarian‐specific factor. The ovaries of true hermaphrodites were ineffective in ensuring correct folliculogenesis and presented abnormal expression profiles of ovarian specific genes after birth. These results indicate that the genes involved in this pathology act very early during gonadogenesis and affect the ovary‐differentiating pathway with variable expressivity from ovarian germ cell depletion through to trans‐differentiation into testicular structures. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A systematic procedure for identifying and classifying children with Dyscalculia among primary school children in India
Authors: Ramaa S. , Gowramma I.P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes the procedures adopted by two independent studies in India for identifying and classifying children with dyscalculia in primary schools. For determining the presence of dyscalculia both inclusionary and exclusionary criteria were used. When other possible causes of arithmetic failure had been excluded, figures for dyscalculia came out as 5.98% (15 cases out of 251) in one study and 5.54% (78 out of 1408) in the second. It was found in the latter study that 40 out of the 78 (51.27%) also had reading and writing problems. The findings are discussed in the light of previous studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global and dimensional self‐esteem in preadolescent and early adolescent children who are overweight: Age and gender differences
Authors: Israel Allen C. , Ivanova Masha Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine age and gender differences in global and dimensional self‐esteem in children who are overweight.MethodAs part of a pretreatment assessment, the Perceived Competence Scale for Children was completed by 121 children (ages 8–14) who were overweight and enrolling in a weight reduction program.ResultsGender differences in general self‐esteem and age differences in physical self‐esteem were found. Also, girls who were highly overweight reported lower physical self‐esteem than girls who were moderately overweight. However, for boys, the opposite pattern emerged. For both boys and girls, cognitive and social self‐esteem predicted general self‐esteem and physical self‐esteem did not.DiscussionChildren who are overweight may emphasize dimensions of their self‐esteem in nongender stereotyped ways that are protective of their general self‐esteem. Understanding developmental trends and gender differences in self‐esteem can enhance our ability to assist youth who are overweight in maintaining favorable self‐evaluations. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 424–429, 2002.
Links between body mass index, total body fat, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and insulin sensitivity in patients with obesity related to depression, anger, and anxiety
Authors: Laederach‐Hofmann Kurt , Kupferschmid Susanne , Mussgay Lutz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveDefine links between psychosocial parameters and metabolic variables in obese females before and after a low‐calorie diet.MethodNine female obese patients (age 36.1 ± 7.1 years, body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) were investigated before and after a 6‐week low‐calorie diet accompanied by behavior therapy. Blood lipids, insulin sensitivity (Bergman protocol), fat distribution (by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DEXA]), as well as psychological parameters such as depression, anger, anxiety, symptom load, and well‐being, were assessed before and after the dieting period.ResultsThe females lost 9.6 ± 2.8 kg (p < .0001) of body weight, their BMI was reduced by 3.5 ± 0.3 kg/m2 (p < .0001), and insulin sensitivity increased from 3.0 ± 1.8 to 4.3 ± 1.5 mg/kg (p = .05). Their abdominal fat content decreased from 22.3 ± 5.5 to 18.9 ± 4.5 kg (p < .0001). In parallel, psychological parameters such as irritability (p < .05) and cognitive control (p < .0001) increased, whereas feelings of hunger (p < .05), externality (p < .05), interpersonal sensitivity (p < .01), paranoid ideation (p < .05), psychoticism (p < .01), and global severity index (p < .01) decreased. Prospectively, differences in body fat (percent) were correlated to nervousness (p < .05). Waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) differences were significantly correlated to sociability (p < .05) and inversely to emotional instability (p < .05), whereas emotional instability was inversely correlated to differences in insulin sensitivity (p < .01).DiscussionWeight reduction may lead to better somatic risk factor control. Women with more nervousness and better sociability at the beginning of a diet period may lose more weight than others. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 58–71 2002.
Hemispheric differences in body image in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Smeets Monique A.M. , Kosslyn Stephen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have an inappropriately fatter body image in the left cerebral hemisphere (LH) than in the right cerebral hemisphere (RH).MethodWomen with AN symptomatology were compared with thin controls in a divided visual field experiment. Distorted and undistorted pictures of their own and someone else's body were flashed briefly in the left and right visual fields. Participants judged the pictures as thinner than, equal to, or fatter than the actual body size.ResultsThe AN participants judged a higher proportion of fatter distortions as equal to their own size. They responded faster when stimuli were presented initially to the LH than when they were presented initially to the RH. In contrast, fewer thinner distortions were judged as equal to their own body size, and were judged more slowly, on LH trials than on RH trials. Controls did not show hemispheric differences when judging their own body and AN participants did not show hemispheric differences when judging pictures of somebody else. Additional analyses revealed that these findings were carried entirely by a subgroup who had AN in the past, not by the subgroup who currently had AN.DiscussionThe brain lateralization paradigm may prove useful in understanding body image disturbance in AN patients. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 409–416, 2001.
Study on direction finding method using wave distribution function with Gaussian distribution model
Authors: Goto Yoshitaka , Kasahara Yoshiya , Sato Toru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe analysis of plasma waves propagating through the geomagnetosphere provides clues for understanding the medium information in wave generation and propagation processes. It is particularly important to understand the propagation characteristics of the waves in direction finding. In this research, we developed a novel algorithm based on the wave distribution function which is a direction finding method for the electromagnetic waves that satisfies dispersion relations in plasmas, and evaluated the method by using simulated data. Since direction finding by the wave distribution function is a so‐called inverse problem, some conventional model was assumed to find the optimum solution. In order to achieve more accurate estimation, in this paper, we report on an algorithm that introduces a discretization method and an integration method that fully utilizes the parameters and model features in the Gaussian distribution model, which is, in principle, the most effective model in the point that it has physically meaningful parameters. As the fitting preprocess for finding the solution, we propose an estimation method for approximate distribution by employing the concept of the energy function, and demonstrate its usefulness in discriminating waves having non‐Gaussian distributions and in determining the initial parameters of the fitting by Gaussian distributions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(10): 64–73, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1132
An anti‐windup strategy for a feedback control system based on youla parametrization
Authors: Suzuki Fumiyasu , Hori Yoichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the design strategy of anti‐windup controller (AWC) for feedback control system is proposed. The proposed method is based on Youla parametrization of linear controllers in the framework of left coprime factorization. Conventional anti‐windup controllers have difficulty in optimization of parameters. The suppression effect of windup phenomena can be adjusted easily with the proposed AWC. The effectiveness of proposed method is shown with some numerical and experimental results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(4): 64–70, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10013
Cooperation in social dilemmas and allocentrism: a social values approach
Authors: Hulbert Lorne G. , Corrêa da Silva Maria L. , Adegboyega Gloria 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResearch examining the relationship between the allocentrism–ideocentrism cultural variable and cooperation in social dilemmas is inconsistent. This relationship is considered in the context of social values within the prisoner's dilemma (PDG) in two studies. We hypothesised that allocentrics (relative to ideocentrics) would more likely express the social value of minimising differences rather than maximising joint outcomes. In Study 1 the hypothesis was supported. Study 2, including British and Malaysian respondents, replicated and extended these results to rankings of PDG outcomes. These findings are integrated with previous research, in particular to explain mixed results concerning allocentrism and cooperation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.