bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting the non-operative lobe/s of the operative lung can reduce the pneumonia incidence after thoracoscopic lobectomy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Chao , Song Shan , Fu Jianfeng , Zhao Xuelian , Liu Huaqin , Pei Huanshuang , Zhang Shasha , Guo Hongbo , Cui Xinxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Lung isolation usually refers to the isolation of the operative from the non-operative lung without isolating the non-operative lobe(s) of the operative lung. We aimed to evaluate whether protecting the non-operative lobe of the operative lung using a double-bronchial blocker (DBB) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) could reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia.
Methods
Eighty patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40 each): the DBB with CPAP (Group DBB) and routine bronchial blocker (Group BB) groups. In Group DBB, a 7-Fr BB was placed in the middle bronchus of the right lung for right lung surgery and in the inferior lobar bronchus of the left lung for left lung surgery. Further, a 9-Fr BB was placed in the main bronchus of the operative lung. In Group BB, routine BB placement was performed on the main bronchus on the surgical side. The primary endpoint was the postoperative pneumonia incidence.
Results
Compared with Group BB, Group DBB had a significantly lower postoperative pneumonia incidence in the operative (27.5% vs. 5%, P = 0.013) and non-operative lung (40% vs. 15%) on postoperative day 1.
Conclusions
Compared with routine BB use for thoracoscopic lobectomy, using the DBB technique to isolate the operative lobe from the non-operative lobe(s) of the operative lung and providing CPAP to the non-operative lobe(s) through a BB can reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in the operative and non-operative lungs.
Clinical trial registration
: ChiCTR2100052086 (the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).
Multitrophic effects: A tale of microbiome shifts in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis and its parasitoids
Authors: Gwokyalya Rehemah , Herren Jeremy K. , Weldon Christopher W. , Ndlela Shepard , Gichuhi Joseph , Ongeso Nehemiah , Wairimu Anne W. , Ekesi Sunday , Mohamed Samira A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Koinobiont endoparasitoids regulate the physiological functioning of their hosts through altering metabolism and immune responses, processes which function in tandem to shape the structure and composition of the microbial communities of these hosts. Here we investigated the hypothesis that parasitisation by the virulent Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and the avirulent Pystallia cosyrae induce gut dysbiosis and differentially alter the gut microbial communities of an important horticultural pest, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. Consequently, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing to investigate the effect of parasitisation on the bacterial and fungal communities of B. dorsalis, respectively. We further investigated the bacterial communities of D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae using 16S rRNA sequencing.
Results
Exposure to both parasitoids induced perturbations in the microbial communities of B. dorsalis. The gut bacteriome of B. dorsalis larvae shifted from an Anoxybacillus, Acetobacter and Acinetobacter dominated community to one dominated by the generaMorganella, Stenotrophomonas, Weissella and Pantoea. These effects were especially more pronounced in the D. longicaudata-parasitised larvae compared to those parasitized by P. cosyrae. The diversity and abundance of the fungal community was negatively influenced by parasitisation with an overall reduction in fungi diversity, richness, and evenness. We found an increase in the abundance of Sacchromyces species in larvae parasitized by both wasps compared to the unparasitised controls. On the other hand, the bacterial communities of both parasitoids were less diverse. Arsenophonus nasoniaewas the dominant bacterium in P. cosyrae whereas Paucibacter and Pseudomonas species dominated the bacteriome of D. longicaudata.
Conclusion
This study presents the first report of the microbial communities of D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae as well as parasitism-induced gut perturbations in B. dorsalis, revealing host gut homeostasis as a possible driver of parasitoid virulence in this invasive pest.
A strategic European roadmap for the effective implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework in steppe ecosystems
Authors: Perez-Granados Cristian , Benítez-López Ana , Diaz Mario , Gameiro João , Lenzner Bernd , Roura-Pascual Nùria , Marques Ana , Gómez-Catasús Julia , Tarjuelo Rocio , Barrero Adrián , Bolonio Luis , Bota Gerard , Brambilla Mattia , Bravo Carolina , Brotons Lluís , Rosa Daniel Bustillo-de la , Cabodevilla Xavier , Búrdalo Antonio , Carricondo Ana , Casas Fabián , Concepción Elena , Constán-Nava Soraya , Crispim-Mendes Tiago , Giralt David , Golivets Marina , Latombe Guillaume , Leiva Antonio , López-Iborra Germán , López-Poveda Gabriel , Mañosa Santi , Martín Carlos , Morales Manuel B. , Moreira Francisco , Mougeot François , Nikolov Boris , Olea Pedro , Onrubia Alejandro , Reverter Margarita , Revilla-Martín Natalia , Rigsl Stanislas , Ruiz Gema , Sáez-Gómez Pedro , Šálek Martin , Salgado Iván , Santangeli Andrea , Santos Carlos , Sanz-Pérez Ana , Serrano David , Silva Joao , Torrijo Antonio , Traba Juan , Tryjanowski Piotr , Václav Radovan , Valera Francisco , Vögeli Matthias , Zurdo Julia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) envisions a world living in harmony with nature by 2050, with 23 intermediate targets to be achieved by 2030. However, aligning international policy and local implementation of effective actions can be challenging. Using steppe birds, one of the most threatened vertebrate groups in Europe, as a model system, we identified 36 conservation actions for the achievement of the KM-GBF targets and single out – through an expert-based consensus approach – ten priority actions for immediate implementation. Three of these priority actions address at least five of the first eight KM-GBF targets, those related to the direct causes of biodiversity loss, and collectively cover all the targets when implemented concurrently. These actions include i) effectively protecting priority areas, ii) implementing on-the-ground habitat management actions, and iii) improving the quality and integration of monitoring programs. Our findings provide a blueprint for implementing effective strategies to halt biodiversity loss in steppe-like ecosystems. Our approach can be adapted to other taxonomic groups and ecosystems and has the potential to serve as a catalyst for policy makers, prompting a transition from political commitment to tangible actions, thereby facilitating the attainment of the KM-GBF targets by 2030.
22q11.2 Deletion-Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Potentiates Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome Neurologic Features
Authors: Crockett Alexis , Kebir Hania , Anderson Stewart , Romberg Neil , Alvarez Jorge 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We present a case study of a young male with a history of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS), diagnosed with systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) who presented with acute onset of diffuse anasarca and sub-comatose obtundation. We hypothesized that his co-presentation of neurological sequelae might be due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) susceptibility conferred by the 22q11.2 deletion, a phenotype that we have previously identified in 22qDS. Using pre- and post-intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) patient serum, we studied circulating biomarkers of inflammation and assessed the potential susceptibility of the 22qDS BBB. We employed in vitro cultures of differentiated BBB-like endothelial cells derived from a 22qDS patient and a healthy control. We found evidence of peripheral inflammation and increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alongside endothelial cells in circulation. We report that the patient’s serum significantly impairs barrier function of the 22qDS BBB compared to control. Only two other cases of pediatric SCLS with neurologic symptoms have been reported, and genetic risk factors have been suggested in both instances. As the third case to be reported, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility of the BBB conferred by the 22q11.2 deletion promoted neurologic involvement during SCLS in this patient.
Consensus Statement on Standards for Neurocritical Care Units in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).
Authors: Shrestha Gentle S , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Mahajan Charu , Kapoor Indu , Livesay Sarah L , Rajajee Venkatkrishna , Zirpe Kapil , Videtta Walter , Hossain Susmita , Sampaio Gisele , Rubiano Andres , Rahim Mohamed Samy Abdel , Pina Yanet , Wanchoo Jaya , Shukla Urvi , Tripathy Swagata , Singhal Vasudha , Margaretha Ruth Evlin , Tsan Samuel , Yimer Fasika Tesfaneh , Lamsal Ritesh , Salisu-Kabara Halima , Pinedo Juan Luis , Soliven Jo Ann R , Popugaev Konstantin , Padayachy Llewellyn C , Shanmugam Puvanendiran , Viarasilpa Tanuwong , Arun Oguzhan , Bui Tuan Van 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The disease burden of severe neurological and neurosurgical illnesses in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is high. Management of these patients by a dedicated neurocritical care team can improve outcome. Globally, there is significant variation in organization, structure, and outcome of patients with neurocritical illnesses. This consensus statement aims to contextualize the standards for neurological critical care units (NCCUs) in LMICs. Recommendations were made about organization and infrastructure, personnel, logistics, training, education, and process for developing neurocritical care program appropriate for LMICs.
Methods: The steering committee for the consensus statement was formed under the leadership of SNCC. With permission from NCS and the NCS guidelines committee, the previously published standards for NCCUs by NCS was used for a web-based survey. The Delphi method was used to gather consensus. A total of 30 experts from 21 regions, all from LMICs, participated in the survey. Feedback was formally collated, reviewed, and incorporated into the final document.
Nanoporous amorphous carbon nanopillars with lightweight, near-theoretical strength, large fracture strain, and high damping capability
Authors: Lee Seok-Woo , Li Zhongyuan , Bhardwaj Ayush , He Jinlong , Zhang Wenxin , Tran Thomas , Li Ying , McClung Andrew , Nuguri Sravya , Watkins James 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Simultaneous achievement of lightweight, high strength, large fracture strain, and high damping capability has been challenging because some of these mechanical properties are mutually exclusive. Here, we have utilized self-assembled polymeric carbon precursor materials in combination with scalable nanoimprinting lithography to produce nanoporous carbon nanopillars. The produced amorphous carbon nanopillars exhibited ultrahigh strength similar to or even higher than one tenth of their Young's modulus (E), the most widely used approximation of a fundamental upper limit of material breaking strength. Remarkably, nanoporosity induced via sacrificial template significantly reduced the mass density of amorphous carbon to 0.66~0.82g/cm3 while the strength of E/10 is still maintained. Moreover, these nanopillars displayed both elastic and plastic behavior with large fracture strain. A reversible part of the sp2-to-sp3 transition produces large elastic strain and a high loss factor (up to 0.033) comparable to Ni-Ti shape memory alloys. The irreversible part of the sp2-to-sp3 transition enables plastic deformation, leading to a large fracture strain of up to 35%. These findings have been substantiated using simulation studies. None of the existing structural materials exhibit a comparable combination of density, strength, deformability, and damping capability. Hence, the results of this study illustrate the potential of both dense and nanoporous amorphous carbon materials as superior structural nanomaterials.
A relational approach to co-create Advance Care Planning with and for people living with dementia: a narrative study
Authors: Phenwan Tharin , Sixsmith Judith , McSwiggan Linda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Discussing Advance Care Planning (ACP) with people living with dementia (PwD) is challenging due to topic sensitivity, fluctuating mental capacity and symptom of forgetfulness. Given communication difficulties, the preferences and expectations expressed in any ACP may reflect family and healthcare professional perspectives rather than the PwD. Starting discussions early in the disease trajectory may avoid this, but many PwD may not be ready at this point for such discussions. Consequently, the optimal timing to discuss an ACP with and for PwD is undetermined. This study explored the changing needs of PwD and experiences of social contexts that influence ACP initiation and revision and aimed to identify the optimal time to discuss an ACP with PwD
Methods
Narrative online and telephone interviews were conducted with 13 PwD and 23 family carers. Participants were recruited via the Join Dementia Research (JDR) Platform. Narrative analysis was used to identify patterns in the data, generating three narratives: Shifting Expectations; Relational Interdependency and Trigger Points.
Results
The Shifting Expectations narrative indicated that PwD’s needs shifted to co-constructed needs with their family as PwD’s independence declined. This was reflected in the Relational interdependency narrative where PwD almost always co-created and revised their ACPs with trusted key persons who provided relational support. The Trigger points narrative indicated various points in time when PwD can effectively initiate and revise their ACPs, ranging from before the diagnosis to years afterwards, challenging the current suggestion of an early ACP initiation.
Conclusions
This study highlighted the changing co-constructed needs between PwD and their families that influence how PwD initiate and revise their ACP. The identification of ACP trigger points - the pivotal events throughout the dementia journey - that prompt PwD and family members to initiate or revise their ACPs were suggested, indicating that PwD can initiate and revise their ACPs throughout the disease trajectory provided relational support is available whereby key persons involved in their care are involved and agree with the decisions being made. Therefore, an alternative, relational approach to ACP with and for PwD is recommended.
Chirality Hierarchical Transfer in Homochiral Polymer Crystallization Under High-pressure CO2
Authors: Zhao Guoqun , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Ordered phase transitions are commonly correlated to the phenomenon of symmetry breaking, while disordered phase transitions are characterized by symmetry restoration. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates that the correlation between these factors is not always applicable in chiral polymers subjected to high-pressure CO2. In the absence of racemization, homochiral Poly(lactide acid) exhibits the formation of two dendritic crystals with opposite spiral chirality, resembling vortex shapes, as well as achiral crystals that resemble snowflakes. The transition from homochirality to achirality signifies the chiral symmetry restoration during the ordering process. The primary elements responsible for the hierarchical transfer of chirality from molecule to macroscopic crystal of chiral polymer are surface crowding and frustrated structures. The entropy impact of CO2 can be utilized to programmatically regulate the morphological chirality and crystal structure of two-dimensional crystal assemblies composed of chiral polymer.
Effects of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension on Early-Onset Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ye Meiling , Zhou Cailing , Li Lu , Zhang Meixian , Wang Lizhen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background.
Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are potentially linked to similar pathophysiological processes. Maternal preeclampsia increases the occurrence of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia. We hypothesized that maternal gestational hypertension may impact the incident early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia.
Methods.
We included 538 neonates, comprising 318 and 220 neonates born to healthy mothers and those with pregnancy-induced hypertension. The minimum platelet count within 72 hours of birth was recorded for these neonates. The incidence of early-onset thrombocytopenia in neonates in relation to maternal gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and health status was evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between maternal gestational hypertension and the risk of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia.
Results.
The incidence of early-onset thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia than in those born to mothers with gestational hypertension or healthy mothers. Significant differences were observed among the three groups (30.0% vs. 13.3% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001). Maternal gestational hypertension (OR = 2.55, 95%CI 1.10–5.91) increased the risk of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia when compared to healthy mothers.
Conclusions.
Maternal gestational hypertension increases the occurrence of early-onset neonatal thrombocytopenia. Therefore, we recommend conducting platelet count screening at the early stages of neonates of mothers with gestational hypertension.
Distinguishing of histopathological staging features of H-E stained human cSCC by Microscopical multispectral Imaging
Authors: Yang Chang-Xing , Yang Jia-Yi , Chen Qi , Wu Ru-Juan , Rui dan-ni , Xiang Hua-Zhong , Zhang Da-Wei , Wang Cheng , Zhao Xiao-Qing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignant skin tumor. Early and precise diagnosis of tumor staging are crucial for long-term outcomes. While pathological diagnosis has traditionally served as the gold standard, the assessment of differentiation levels heavily depends on subjective judgments. How do we improve the diagnosis accuracy and objectivity of pathologists༟Method: We used Multispectral imaging (MSI) to enhance tumor classification. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained cSCC slides were from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Scale-Invariant Feature Transform is applied to multispectral images for image stitching, while adaptive threshold segmentation method and random forest segmentation method are used for image segmentation, respectively.Results: Synthetic pseudo-color images effectively highlight tissue differences. Quantitative analysis confirms significant variation in nuclear area between normal and cSCC tissues (P < 0.001), supported by an AUC of 1 in ROC analysis. The AUC within cSCC tissues is 0.57. Further study shows higher nuclear atypia in poorly differentiated cSCC tissues compared to well differentiated cSCC (P < 0.001), also with an AUC of 1. Lastly, well differentiated cSCC tissues show more and larger keratin pearls.Conclusion: These results have shown that combined MSI with imaging processing techniques will improve H&E stained human cSCC diagnosis accuracy, and it will be well utilized to distinguish histopathological staging features.
Relaxation of territorial behavior in the Eurasian otter during low-water conditions in a Mediterranean river
Authors: Jiménez José , Río Lucía , Ferreras Pablo , Godinho Raquel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The Eurasian otterLutra lutrais a territorial semi-aquatic carnivore usually found at low densities in rivers, coastal areas, and wetlands. Its diet is based on prey associated with aquatic environments. Mediterranean rivers are highly seasonal, and suffer reduced flow during the summer, resulting in isolated river sections (pools) that can sometimes dry out completely, leading to concentrations of food for otters. So far, this process has not been precisely described, nor have otter densities been estimated under these conditions. In this study, we describe the aggregation of otters in an isolated pool in the Guadiana River in the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (central Spain), which progressively dried out during the summer of 2022. Using non-invasive genetic sampling and spatial capture-recapture techniques, we estimated the otter density at 1.7 individuals/km of river under conditions of circulating flow in restricted pools, up to five times higher than previously described in a Mediterranean environment.
Room Temperature Epitaxy of CH3NH3PbI3 Halide Perovskite by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Masis Monica Morales , Sathiaraj Junia Shelomi Solomon Solomon , Soto-Montero Tatiana , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Cunha Daniel M. , Soltanpoor Wiria , Ledinský Martin , Orlov Nikolai , Garnett Erik C. , Forero-Correa Nicolás , Reyes-Lillo Sebastian E. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus , Leppert Linn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Epitaxial growth on lattice-(mis)matched substrates has advanced our understanding of semiconductors and enabled high-end technologies like III-V-based LEDs. However, for the promising metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors, there is a significant knowledge gap in thin film heteroepitaxial growth, hindering progress towards new high-end applications with improved optoelectronic performance. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of CH3NH3PbI3 ultrathin films on lattice matched KCl substrates. This is enabled by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. Epitaxial stabilization of the cubic CH3NH3PbI3 polymorph is confirmed via photoluminescence, indicating a band gap of 1.66 eV stable for over 200 days and Urbach energies of 12.3 meV for 13 nm thick films. The strains’ impact on cubic phase stabilization is corroborated by first-principle DFT calculations, which also predict substantial bandgap tunability under strain. This work demonstrates the potential of PLD for thickness-controlled vapor-phase heteroepitaxial growth of MHPs, inspiring studies on heterostructures and strain modulation to unlock novel functionalities.
First report of a rare complex rearrangement in the α-globin gene cluster causing a novel 16.8Kb deletion
Authors: Jian Fan , Huang Shuang , Liu Tuoen , wan Jieyu , Zhou Jianying , Zuo Liandong , Li Jian , Li Ru , Liao Can , Li Dongzhi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
α-thalassemia major (α-TM) often causes Hb Bart’s (c4) hydrops fetalis and severe obstetric complications in the mother. Step-wise screening for couples at-risk of having offspring(s) affected by α-TM is the efficient prevention method but some rare genotypes of thalassemia can not be detected. A 32-year-old male with Low HbA2 (2.4%) and mild anemia was performed real-time PCR-based multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) because his wife was --SEA deletion carrier. The result of Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) suggested the existence of --SEA deletion in the proband. A novel deletion of the α-globin gene cluster was found using self-designed MLPA probes combined with longer PCR, which was further accurately described to be 16.8Kb (hg38, Chr16:165236–182113) deletion by the third-generation sequencing. A fragment ranging from 153226 to 154538(GRch38/hg38) was identified which suggested the existence of the homologous recombination event. The third-generation sequencing is accurate and efficient in obtaining accurate information for complex structural variations.