bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of tumor treating fields versus laser interstitial thermal therapy in glioblastoma treatment: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Emhemed Marwa SaedAli , Murhega Roméo Bujiriri , Stanley Asogwa Chukwuebuka , Mugenyi Nathan , Ayantayo Temitayo , Mustapha Mubarak Jolayemi , Adrien Tangmi Djabo Eric , Dossou Mèhomè Wilfried , Ibekwe Jonas Lotanna , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran , Kyaruzi Victor Meza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tumor Treating Field (TTF) is considered a new treatment option for glioblastoma. Studies in newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) patients have demonstrated a good safety profile and improved efficacy. On the other hand, Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive method for treating intracranial tumors that are challenging to treat using conventional techniques. Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, a minimally invasive method, is the most indicated treatment technique. Its safety and effectiveness, however, have not been thoroughly substantiated in the literature. To create an accurate understanding of which therapy yields better outcomes to glioblastoma patients regarding safety and efficacy, we decided to run a systematic review and meta-analysis on their comparative safety and therapeutic effects in the treatment of glioblastoma. We used standard and extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was June 2nd, 2023. The study period goes from inception to date. We included Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) or quasi-RCT and all human-based observational studies assessing the comparative safety and therapeutic outcomes of tumor treating fields to laser interstitial thermal therapy in treating glioblastoma patients. We did not include case reports, abstract-only titles, letters to the editor, conference proceedings, articles with missing data, articles in other languages, and those reporting animal studies. Our study compares Tumor Treating Fields' safety and therapeutic effects on Laser Interstitial Thermal therapy in treating glioblastoma.
The expert witness—psychologists and judicial gatekeepers in the family court
Authors: Schindeler Emily 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the 17th-century witch trials, the expert witness has been an intrinsic part of the operation of the legal system. This article builds on a prior analysis of Australian family law cases involving allegations of child sex abuse, which revealed experts representing multiple agencies and disciplinary perspectives present conflicting risk assessments for the same case. This second stage of inductive research examined Family Court appeal cases involving psychologists as an expert witness in child custody disputes. It uncovered risks arising from the way in which determinative weight is ascribed by judges to such testimony and a lack of processes for identifying potential disciplinary or professional biases. This has led to a core finding that there is a need for more explicit agreement as to what counts as specialist knowledge, particularly in matters lacking intra-disciplinary consensus and how it is achieved. Equally, there is a need for enforcing compliance with existing Rules that require making clear the methods or practices, relevant facts, matters, and assumptions employed in forming opinions as well as acknowledging alternative opinions that may be relevant. This will support judicial practice associated with determining the reliability and weight ascribed to such advice. Many of the concerns raised here are relevant to other issues the family court considers and relies upon claims of expert knowledge.
Module 3: Identifying and Understanding your Emotions after Covid-19
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Oberlin Lauren E. , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. , Kanellopoulos Dora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a framework for helping clients become aware of and identify their emotions in the context of persisting symptoms of COVID-19. It highlights how COVID-19 contributes to emotional distress alongside the persisting symptoms. By identifying and labeling their emotions, clients can learn how to self-validate their emotional responses to COVID-19-related illness and its sequelae. Administering self-report symptom questionnaires at the beginning of the session can help the therapist track the client’s symptoms of depression and anxiety. This module will require one or two sessions, depending on how readily clients understand the psychoeducation on emotions. Therapists must remind clients about the importance of at-home practice.
Newly detected paediatric melioidosis cases in a single referral children's hospital in Ho Chi Minh City indicate the probable underrecognition of melioidosis in South Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thai Son , König Elisabeth , Bui The Trung , Vu Thi Ngoc Anh , Nguyen Tran Nam , Do Chau Viet , Lichtenegger Sabine , Bui Nguyen Hai Linh , Trinh Huu Tung , Steinmetz Ivo , Trinh Thanh Trung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The epidemiology of melioidosis in Vietnam, a disease caused by the soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, remains unclear. This study aimed to detect paediatric melioidosis in South Vietnam and describe clinical features and the geographic distribution.

Methods
We introduced a simple laboratory algorithm for detecting B. pseudomallei from clinical samples at Children's Hospital 2 in Ho Chi Minh City in July 2015. A retrospective observational study of children &lt;16 y of age with culture-confirmed melioidosis between July 2015 and August 2019 was undertaken.

Results
Thirty-five paediatric cases of melioidosis were detected, with cases originating from 13 of 32 provinces and cities in South Vietnam. The number of paediatric melioidosis cases detected from a certain region correlated with the overall number of inpatients originating from the respective geographic area. Suppurative parotitis (n=15 [42.8%]) was the most common clinical presentation, followed by lung infection (n=10 [28.6%]) and septicaemia (n=7 [20%]). Fourteen (40%) children had disseminated disease, including all cases of lung infection, four cases with central nervous system symptoms and four (11.4%) deaths.

Conclusions
The patients’ origin indicates a wide distribution of melioidosis in South Vietnam. It seems probable that cases not only in children, but also in adults, remain grossly undiagnosed. Further awareness raising and laboratory capacity strengthening are needed in this part of the country.
Epidemiological trend of lung cancer burden caused by residential radon exposure in China from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Shi Lei 
Published: November 2023

Objective
This study employed time series data to assess long-term changes in the burden of lung cancer (LC) caused by residential radon exposure, an important environmental risk factor, so as to develop evidence-based strategies for future public health management.

Methods
Based on the open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) database, we conducted an analysis of the residential radon exposure-caused LC mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding crude rates and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for various age groups. We employed the employed age-period-cohort (APC) model to investigate the age, period, and cohort effects of the data, allowing us to discern the trends in LC disease burden attributable to radon exposure in residential settings over time.

Results
From 1990 to 2019, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates of LC caused by residential radon exposure in China demonstrated an overall increasing trend, with males higher than females. The CMR and crude DALYs rate for males were higher than those for females across all age groups. The APC analysis revealed that the local drift of LC death and DALYs rates in males and females showed a decreasing trend before 60 and an increasing trend after 60.

Conclusion
The persistent presence of residential radon exposure as a crucial risk factor for LC underscores the need for public health authorities and policymakers to take more proactive measures to reduce radon exposure. Particularly, attention should be paid on the elderly population and male patients.
Meta-analysis of the prognostic value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after hepatectomy
Authors: Yuan Chenzhao , Zeng Lumin , Duan Hongxiang , Suksatit Benjamas 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a broad-spectrum tumor marker for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and response assessment of a variety of malignancies. This meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating whether serum CEA could predict the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) before and after liver resection (LR).

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched to retrieve literature, with a search cutoff date of 27 February 2023. Articles were strictly screened for inclusion according to pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were pooled and analyzed using Stata 16.0.

Results
This meta-analysis included 36 studies involving a total of 11 143 CRCLM patients. The results showed that a high pre-LR serum CEA level was correlated with poor overall survival (OS: HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.49–1.75, P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS: HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11–1.45, P < 0.001) in CRCLM patients. A high post-LR serum CEA level predicted poor overall survival (OS: HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.10–3.38, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
High preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels in patients with CRCLM were significantly associated with poor prognosis, independent of treatment modality, mode of analysis, case origin, and cutoff value classification.
Construction and validation of a nomogram prediction model for axillary lymph node metastasis of cT1 invasive breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Wang Dongmo , Wen Xin , Xu Xiangli , Liu Dongmei , Tian Jiawei 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Based on the ultrasonic characteristics of the breast mass and axillary lymph nodes as well as the clinicopathological information, a model was developed for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in cT1 breast cancer, and relevant features associated with axillary lymph node metastasis were identified.

Methods
Our retrospective study included 808 patients with cT1 invasive breast cancer treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital and the Cancer Hospital Affiliated with Harbin Medical University from February 2012 to August 2021 (250 cases in the positive axillary lymph node group and 558 cases in the negative axillary lymph node group). We allocated 564 cases to the training set and 244 cases to the verification set. R software was used to compare clinicopathological data and ultrasonic features between the two groups. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, a nomogram prediction model was developed and verified for axillary lymph node metastasis of cT1 breast cancer.

Results
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that palpable lymph nodes (P = 0.003), tumor location (P = 0.010), marginal contour (P < 0.001), microcalcification (P = 0.010), surrounding tissue invasion (P = 0.046), ultrasonic detection of lymph nodes (P = 0.001), cortical thickness (P < 0.001) and E-cadherin (P < 0.001) are independently associated with axillary lymph node metastasis. Using these features, a nomogram was developed for axillary lymph node metastasis. The training set had an area under the curve of 0.869, while the validation set had an area under the curve of 0.820. Based on the calibration curve, the model predicted axillary lymph node metastases were in good agreement with reality (P > 0.05). Nomogram’s net benefit was good based on decision curve analysis.

Conclusion
The nomogram developed in this study has a high negative predictive value for axillary lymph node metastasis in invasive cT1 breast c ancer. Patients with no axillary lymph node metastases can be accurately screened using this nomogram, potentially allowing this group of patients to avoid invasive surgery.
The role of nutrition in the prevention of cognitive decline
Authors: Charbit Judith , Vidal Jean Sébastien , Hanon Olivier 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Dementia is a growing concern and underscores the urgent need for effective preventive measures targeting modifiable risk factors. Nutrition is a key player in the onset and progression of inflammation and cognitive decline. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of different dietary patterns, vitamins and nutrients for preventing cognitive decline, mainly among healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment.

Recent findings
The Mediterranean diet, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are the most investigated, with evidence supporting protection against cognitive decline among older adults varying across studies. More recent interventions examined in this review, such as MIND Diet, are promising with positive results, but further research is needed to conclusively establish their efficacy. It is also crucial to consider complete lifestyle as physical activity for preventing cognitive decline.

Summary
Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw. Future studies should adopt a comprehensive approach and focus on multinutrient strategies and whole diets.
New primary immunodeficiencies 2023 update
Authors: Yu Joyce E. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), also called inborn errors of immunity (IEI), are genetic disorders characterized by increased susceptibility to infection and/or aberrant regulation of immunological pathways. This review summarizes and highlights the new IEI disorders in the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) 2022 report and current trends among new PIDs.

Recent findings
Since the 2019 IUIS report and the 2021 IUIS interim update, the IUIS IEI classification now includes 485 validated IEIs. Increasing utilization of genetic testing and advances in the strategic evaluation of genetic variants has continued to drive the identification of, not only novel IEI disorders, but additional genetic etiologies for known IEI disorders and phenotypes.

Summary
The recognition of new IEIs continues to advance at a rapid pace, which is due in part to increased performance and application of genetic modalities as well as expansion of the underlying science that is applied to convincingly establish causality. These disorders, as a whole, continue to emphasize the specificity of immunity, complexity of immune mechanisms, and the fine balance that defines immune homeostasis.
Where a child lives matters: neighborhood deprivation and pediatric obesity
Authors: Ikomi Chijioke , Baker-Smith Carissa M. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of reviewThis article outlines what is currently known regarding the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and pediatric obesity. It discusses the intersectionality between neighborhood deprivation, race, ethnicity, and pediatric obesity. We conclude by proposing several potential solutions to disparities in pediatric obesity related to neighborhood deprivation.Recent findingsNeighborhood deprivation, independent of individual socioeconomic status, is a risk factor for pediatric obesity. The obesogenic characteristics of high deprivation neighborhoods (e.g., lack of safe spaces to be active, easy access to fast food) and the psychological aspects of residing within high deprivation neighborhoods may also contribute to this risk. Intervention strategies and policies designed to address neighborhood related risk for pediatric obesity are needed.SummaryPediatric obesity is a growing problem of complex etiology. Neighborhood risk factors should be considered when assessing risk burden and when designing intervention strategies.
A Cellular atlas of the human fallopian tube reveals the metamorphosis of secretory epithelial cells during the menstrual cycle and menopause
Authors: Weigert M , Li Y , Zhu L , Eckart H , Bajwa P , Krishnan R , Ackroyd S , Lastra RR , Bilecz A , Basu A , Lengyel E , Chen M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe fallopian tube, connecting the uterus with the ovary, is a dynamic organ that undergoes cyclical changes and is the site of several diseases, including serous cancer. Here, we use single-cell technologies to construct a comprehensive cell map of healthy pre-menopausal fallopian tubes, capturing the impact of the menstrual cycle and menopause on different fallopian tube cells at the molecular level. The comparative analysis between pre- and post-menopausal fallopian tubes reveals substantial shifts in cellular abundance and gene expression patterns, highlighting the physiological changes associated with menopause. Further investigations into menstrual cycle phases illuminate distinct molecular states in secretory epithelial cells caused by hormonal fluctuations. The markers we identified characterizing secretory epithelial cells provide a valuable tool for classifying ovarian cancer subtypes.Graphical summaryGraphical summary of results. During the proliferative phase (estrogenhigh) of the menstrual cycle, SE2 cells (OVGP1+) dominate the fallopian tube (FT) epithelium, while SE1 cells (OVGP1-) dominate the epithelium during the secretory phase. Though estrogen levels decrease during menopause, SE post-cells (OVGP1+, CXCL2+) make up most of the FT epithelium.
Prioritization of therapeutic targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using protein-wide Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Geng Jiawei , Chen Lu-Xi , Yang Chao-Sen , Ruan Xixian , Hu Shixian , Chen Jie , Wu Zhi-Ying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease with an increasing global burden. Available treatments for ALS present marginal efficacy. To identify novel candidate therapeutic targets for ALS, we conducted a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsWe leveraged data from the largest summary statistics for ALS to date (27,205 patients with ALS and 110,881 controls). Genetic instruments of more than 4,000 proteins defined bycis-protein quantitative loci (pQTL) genetic instruments on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from Fenland (discovery, n=10,709), deCODE (replication, n=35,559), and a recently published dataset (replication, n=971). To investigate the causal ALS-associated proteins, proteome-wide Mendelian randomization based on summary-data-based MR (SMR and multi-SNP-based SMR) were performed. Then, two-sample MR analyses using five additional methods were conducted as sensitivity analyses. To further address the linkage disequilibrium bias, heterogeneity in dependent instruments test and colocalization analyses were performed. Steiger filtering and bi-directional MR analyses were conducted to address the potential reverse causality. Four drug target datasets were searched to extract druggability profiles for candidate target proteins. In addition, we carried out a case-control study involving up to 21 patients with ALS and 21 matched controls to assess the protein levels difference in CSF for evidence triangulation.ResultsGenetically predicted levels of six circulating proteins were associated with incident ALS in primary SMR analysis. After removing proteins with any linkage disequilibrium bias, SHBG,SIGLEC7, and SIGLEC9presented consistent associations with ALS risk, supported by medium-to-high colocalization across both plasma pQTL datasets. In CSF, higher level ofSHBGwas also causally associated with the risk of ALS. There was no reverse causality detected. The case-control study using CSF proteomics conducted in our center observed consistent alteration in the levels ofSHBGandSIGLEC7with MR prediction, further suggesting their functionally relevant to ALS as potential druggable targets.DiscussionCombined with the findings from MR and our observational study, we prioritizeSHBG,SIGLEC7,andSIGLEC9as drug candidate proteins for ALS, and further studies are needed to verify our findings and elucidate the underlying mechanism.
Characterizing US spatial connectivity: implications for geographical disease dynamics and metapopulation modeling
Authors: Pullano Giulia , Alvarez-Zuzek Lucila G. , Colizza Vittoria , Bansal Shweta 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundHuman mobility is expected to be a critical factor in the geographic diffusion of infectious diseases, and this assumption led to the implementation of social distancing policies during the early fight against the COVID-19 emergency in the United States. Yet, because of substantial data gaps in the past, what still eludes our understanding are the following questions: 1) How does mobility contribute to the spread of infection within the United States at local, regional, and national scales? 2) How do seasonality and shifts in behavior affect mobility over time? 3) At what geographic level is mobility homogeneous across the United States? Addressing these questions is critical to developing accurate transmission models, predicting the spatial propagation of disease across scales, and understanding the optimal geographical and temporal scale for the implementation of control policies.MethodsWe address this problem using high-resolution human mobility data measured via mobile app usage. We compute the daily connectivity network between US counties to understand the spatial clustering and temporal stability of mobility patterns. We then integrate our mobility data into a spatially explicit transmission model to reproduce the national invasion of the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 in the US, and characterize the impact of the spatio-temporal scale of mobility data on disease predictions.FindingsTemporally, we observe that intercounty connectivity is annually stable, and was unperturbed by mobility restrictions during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite significant changes in overall activity. Spatially, we identify 104 geographic clusters of US counties that are highly connected by mobility within the cluster and more sparsely connected to counties outside the cluster. Together, these results suggest that intercounty connectivity in the US is relatively static across time and is highly connected at the sub-state level. We find that the stability in temporal patterns allows static mobility data to effectively capture infection dynamics. On the other hand, spatial uniformity at the sub-state (cluster)-scale does not capture spatial dynamics; instead, mobility data at the county-scale is necessary to better predict spatial disease diffusion.InterpretationOur work demonstrates that intercounty mobility was negligibly affected out-side the lockdown period of Spring 2020, explaining the broad spatial distribution of COVID-19 outbreaks in the US during the early phase of the pandemic. Such geographically dispersed outbreaks place a significant strain on national public health resources and necessitate complex metapopulation modeling approaches for predicting disease dynamics and control design. We thus inform the design of such metapopulation models to balance high disease predictability with low data requirements.