bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational entropy of disordering in omphacite
Authors: Benisek Artur , Dachs Edgar , Carpenter Michael A. , Joachim-Mrosko Bastian , Vielreicher Noreen M. , Wildner Manfred 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cations of an ordered omphacite from the Tauern window were gradually disordered in piston cylinder experiments at temperatures between 850 and 1150 °C. The samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction and then investigated using low-temperature calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. The low-temperature heat capacity data were used to obtain the vibrational entropies, and the line broadening of the IR spectra served as a tool to investigate the disordering enthalpy. These data were then used to calculate the configurational entropy as a function of temperature. The vibrational entropy does not change during the cation ordering phase transition from space group C2/c to P2/n at 865 °C but increases with a further temperature increase due to the reduction of short-range order.
Pharmacodynamic effects of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib (MDV3800, BMN 673) in patients with BRCA-mutated advanced solid tumors
Authors: Mittra Arjun , Coyne Geraldine H. O’ Sullivan , Zlott Jennifer , Kummar Shivaani , Meehan Robert , Rubinstein Lawrence , Juwara Lamin , Wilsker Deborah , Ji Jiuping , Miller Brandon , Navas Tony , Ferry-Galow Katherine V. , Voth Andrea Regier , Chang Ting-Chia , Jiwani Shahanawaz , Parchment Ralph E. , Doroshow James H. , Chen Alice P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Talazoparib is an inhibitor of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes and is FDA-approved for patients with (suspected) deleterious germline BRCA1/2-mutated, HER2‑negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Because knowledge of the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of talazoparib in patients has been limited to studies of PARP enzymatic activity (PARylation) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we developed a study to assess tumoral PD response to talazoparib treatment (NCT01989546).

Methods
We administered single-agent talazoparib (1 mg/day) orally in 28-day cycles to adult patients with advanced solid tumors harboring (suspected) deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The primary objective was to examine the PD effects of talazoparib; the secondary objective was to determine overall response rate (ORR). Tumor biopsies were mandatory at baseline and post-treatment on day 8 (optional at disease progression). Biopsies were analyzed for PARylation, DNA damage response (γH2AX), and epithelial‒mesenchymal transition.

Results
Nine patients enrolled in this trial. Four of six patients (67%) evaluable for the primary PD endpoint exhibited a nuclear γH2AX response on day 8 of treatment, and five of six (83%) also exhibited strong suppression of PARylation. A transition towards a more mesenchymal phenotype was seen in 4 of 6 carcinoma patients, but this biological change did not affect γH2AX or PAR responses. The ORR was 55% with the five partial responses lasting a median of six cycles.

Conclusion
Intra-tumoral DNA damage response and inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity were confirmed in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring BRCA1/2 mutations after 8 days of talazoparib treatment.
Study of the electroosmotic flow of a structured fluid with a new generalized rheological model
Authors: Herrera-Valencia E. E. , Sánchez-Villavicencio M. L. , Soriano-Correa C. , Bautista O. , Ramírez-Torres L.A. , Hernández-Abad V. J. , Calderas F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electroosmotic flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a capillary system was investigated analytically. The rheology of the fluid was characterized by a novel generalized exponential model equation. The charge density obeys the Boltzmann distribution, which governs the electrical double-layer field and body force generated by the applied electrical field. Mathematically, this scenario can be modeled by the Poisson-Boltzmann partial differential equation, by assuming that the zeta potential is small, i.e., less than 25 mV (Debye-Hückel approximation). Considering a pulsating electric field, the shear viscosity and the alteration in the volumetric flow were presented as a function of the material parameters through the characteristic dimensionless numbers by using an exponential-type generalized rheological model. Thixotropy, shear thinning, yield stress mechanisms, and weight concentration were analyzed through numerical results. Finally, the flow properties and rheology were predicted using experimental data reported elsewhere for worm-like micellar solution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium tosilate (CTAT). The rheological equation of state proposed in this study describes the alterations in the structure resulting from applied forces (tangential and normal). These forces induced a structural evolution (kinetic model) due to the relaxation processes caused by shear strain. It is important to mention that in electroosmotic flows, complex behavior such as (i) thixotropy, (ii) rheopexy, and (iii) shear banding flow is scarcely explained in terms of the change in the structure of the fluid under flow.
Graphical Abstract
Metric evaluation of the anterior nasal spine to estimate sex and population group in South African individuals
Authors: Davidson Christy Lana , de Klerk Johan , Matejovsky Zina , Fabris-Rotelli Inger , Uys Andre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The anterior nasal spine is a pointed, midline projection of the maxilla. This bony structure dictates the overlying soft tissues providing the phenotypic features of the nose and upper lip and determines the differences in the mid-face morphology. Little data is available on the metric features of the Anterior nasal spine (ANS). This study aimed to perform metric evaluations of the ANS of white and black South African males and females to ascertain if morphological variations exist and if the differences are viable for the use in sex and population identification.

Materials and methods
The sample included 100 CBCT images for each population and sex group. Linear and angular measurements of the ANS were recorded in both the sagittal and axial planes.

Results
Classification decision trees (pruned) were fitted to ascertain the relationship between population group, sex and the ANS measurements including and excluding age.
For population group, all the ANS measurements were statistically significant for females but in males, all the ANS measurements were significant when performed individually. However, when fitted to the classification tree, Sagittal 2 did not show any statistical significance. When considering sex, only 2 of the ANS measurements (Sagittal 2 and Axial 1) were found to be significant. The results did not differ significantly when comparing the decision trees including and excluding age.

Conclusions
White South African individuals presented with a longer ANS that produced a more acute angle whereas black South African individuals presented with a shorter ANS and a more obtuse angle. Additionally, males presented with a longer ANS compared to females. ANS measurements were found to be more relevant for population discernment than for sex.
Cortical thickness modeling and variability in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Pérez-Millan Agnès , Borrego-Écija Sergi , Falgàs Neus , Juncà-Parella Jordi , Bosch Beatriz , Tort-Merino Adrià , Antonell Anna , Bargalló Nuria , Rami Lorena , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Sala-Llonch Roser , Sánchez-Valle Raquel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) show different patterns of cortical thickness (CTh) loss compared with healthy controls (HC), even though there is relevant heterogeneity between individuals suffering from each of these diseases. Thus, we developed CTh models to study individual variability in AD, FTD, and HC.

Methods
We used the baseline CTh measures of 379 participants obtained from the structural MRI processed with FreeSurfer. A total of 169 AD patients (63 ± 9 years, 65 men), 88 FTD patients (64 ± 9 years, 43 men), and 122 HC (62 ± 10 years, 47 men) were studied. We fitted region-wise temporal models of CTh using Support Vector Regression. Then, we studied associations of individual deviations from the model with cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and 14–3-3 protein and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Furthermore, we used real longitudinal data from 144 participants to test model predictivity.

Results
We defined CTh spatiotemporal models for each group with a reliable fit. Individual deviation correlated with MMSE for AD and with NfL for FTD. AD patients with higher deviations from the trend presented higher MMSE values. In FTD, lower NfL levels were associated with higher deviations from the CTh prediction. For AD and HC, we could predict longitudinal visits with the presented model trained with baseline data. For FTD, the longitudinal visits had more variability.

Conclusion
We highlight the value of CTh models for studying AD and FTD longitudinal changes and variability and their relationships with cognitive features and biomarkers.
Pathologic approach to Neonatal cholestasis with a simple scoring system for biliary atresia
Authors: Ali Khadiga M. , Zalata Khaled R. , Barakat Tarik , Elzeiny Sherine M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA liver biopsy is essential for the diagnostic workup of persistent neonatal cholestasis (NC). The differential diagnosis of NC is broad, including obstructive and non-obstructive causes. In addition, histologic features of certain disorders may be non-specific in the early course of the disease. To evaluate liver biopsies using a practical histopathologic approach for NC and to define a simple scoring system for biliary atresia (BA) for routine clinical practice. From June 2006 to December 2021, liver biopsy specimens from infants with persistent NC were examined by two independent pathologists. The cases diagnosed as BA were correlated with clinical, radiologic, and laboratory data to calculate the final score. Four hundred and fifty-nine cases were enrolled in the study. They had a mean age of 63.94 ± 20.62 days and were followed for a median time of 58 (1–191) months. They included 162 (35.3%) cases of BA. On multivariate analysis, portal edema, ductular proliferation, cholangiolitis, and bile duct/ductular plugs were the histopathologic predictors of BA. A liver biopsy did perform well with a 95.1% sensitivity, 91.6% specificity, 86% PPV, and 97.1% NPV. At a cutoff of 5 of the scoring system, diagnosis of BA could be done with a sensitivity of 95.1% and a specificity of 100%. We have shown detailed histopathologic features of BA with more depth to infants aged ≤ 6 weeks. We have developed a simple scoring system using a combination of liver biopsy with non-invasive methods to increase the diagnostic accuracy of BA.
Dyke to sill deflection in the shallow heterogeneous crust during glacier retreat: part I
Authors: Drymoni Kyriaki , Tibaldi Alessandro , Bonali Fabio Luca , Mariotto Federico Aligi Pasquarè 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDykes and sills occupy Mode I (extension), Mode II (shear), or hybrid mode fractures and most of the time transport and store magma from deep reservoirs to the surface. Subject to their successful propagation, they feed volcanic eruptions. Yet, dykes and sills can also stall and become arrested as a result of the crust’s heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics. Dykes can become deflected at mechanical discontinuities to form sills, and vice versa. Although several studies have examined dyke propagation in heterogeneous and anisotropic crustal segments before, the conditions under which dykes propagate in glacial-volcanotectonic regimes remain unclear. Here, we coupled field observations with 2D FEM numerical modelling to explore the mechanical conditions that encourage (or not) dyke-sill transitions in volcanotectonic or glacial settings. We used as a field example the Stardalur cone sheet-laccolith system, which lies on the Esja peninsula, close to the western rift zone, NW of the southern part of the Icelandic rift. The laccolith is composed of several vertical dykes that transition into sills and form a unique stacked sill ‘flower’ structure. Here, we investigate whether the Stardalur laccolith was formed under the influence of stresses caused by glacial retreat due to thickness variations (0–1 km) in addition to regional and local tectonic stresses (1–3 MPa extension or compression) and varied magma overpressure (1–30 MPa), as well as the influence of the mechanical properties of the lava/hyaloclastite contact. Our results show that the observed field structure in non-glacial regimes was formed as a result of either the mechanical (Young’s modulus) contrast of the lava/hyaloclastite contact or a compressional regime due to pre-existing dykes or faulting. In the glacial domain, the extensional stress field below the ice cap encouraged the formation of the laccolith as the glacier became thinner (subject to a lower vertical load). In all cases, the local stress field influenced dyke to sill deflection in both volcanotectonic regimes.
Ubiquitous multi-occupant detection in smart environments
Authors: Fährmann Daniel , Boutros Fadi , Kubon Philipp , Kirchbuchner Florian , Kuijper Arjan , Damer Naser 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent advancements in ubiquitous computing have emphasized the need for privacy-preserving occupancy detection in smart environments to enhance security. This work presents a novel occupancy detection solution utilizing privacy-aware sensing technologies. The solution analyzes time-series data to detect not only occupancy as a binary problem, but also determines whether one or multiple individuals are present in an indoor environment. On three real-world datasets, our models outperformed various state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving F1-scores up to 94.91% in single-occupancy detection and a macro F1-score of 91.55% in multi-occupancy detection. This makes our approach a promising solution for improving security in smart environments.
Impact of two different patient decision aids in prosthodontic consultations: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Brandt Silvia , Lauer Hans-Christoph , Güth Jan-Frederik , Bühling Sarah , Sayahpour Babak , Romanos Georgios , Winter Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Different approaches to prosthodontic consultation, all involving a strong focus on shared decision-making, were analyzed from the perspective of patients by inter-group comparisons. No patient decision aid (PDA) was used in the control group, a paper-based PDA in test group 1, and a software-based PDA in test group 2.

Materials and methods
Seventy-five patients were prospectively randomized to the control group or a test group. All patients then rated the consultation on a questionnaire, six key items of which were analyzed, along with the time spent on each consultation.

Results
Overall satisfaction was highest in test group 2, with a significant difference from the control group (p = 0.015). Test group 2 showed the most favorable ratings for all six questionnaire items, which invariably was significant compared to the control group (p = 0.032). Test group 1 significantly differed from test group 2 based on two items (consultation was adequately intelligible: p = 0.011; consultation was adequately comprehensive: p = 0.034) but not from the control group based on any item (p = 0.070).

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, the use of a software-based PDA, in particular, can be recommended based on patient satisfaction and was associated with the shortest sessions for consultation.

Clinical relevance
Patients are routinely faced with a wealth of information in dental offices and may be overwhelmed especially by prosthetic treatment options and decision requirements. Our findings shed some light on the nature of aids that may truly be helpful in the process of shared decision-making.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov.Identifier: ISRCTN11472465.
Behavioral and metabolic risk factors associated with periodontitis in Brazil, 1990–2019: a multidimensional analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Alves-Costa Silas , Leite Fábio Renato Manzolli , Ladeira Lorena Lúcia Costa , Lima-Soares Fernanda , de Andrade Paes Antonio Marcus , de Souza Bruno Feres , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Periodontitis is a non-communicable disease (NCD) that may be linked to other NCDs through shared risk factors. Accordingly, we analyzed the relationship between periodontitis and behavioral and metabolic risks common to NCDs in Brazilian adults over three decades.

Methods
Indicators of periodontitis, behavioral risks (smoking, alcohol use, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and physical activity), and metabolic risks (overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension) in Brazilian adults (25–49 y-old) between 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Data were adjusted for Gini index. Fixed-effects and Prais-Winsten regressions were performed (p < 0.05).

Results
The prevalence of periodontitis has increased among Brazilians since 2005. High-SSB diet, alcohol use, and metabolic risks increased between 1990–2019, whereas smoking decreased. In crude models, periodontitis prevalence increased with alcohol use (2545.1; 95%CI: 2307.9–2782.3), high-SSB diet (365.5; 95%CI: 322.5–408.4), low physical activity (1784.4; 95%CI: 763.7–2805.0), overweight/obesity (172.3; 95%CI: 156.3–188.4), dyslipidemia (734.5; 95%CI: 624.7–844.2), and hyperglycemia (1774.3; 95%CI: 1555.9–1992.7). After adjustment for the Gini index, periodontitis prevalence raised with a high-SBB diet (1416.0; 95%CI: 1120.2–1711.8), overweight/obesity (629.9; 95%CI: 573.1–686.8), dyslipidemia (2035.8; 95%CI: 1728.1–2343.5), and hyperglycemia (8918.1; 95%CI: 7979.8–9856.3).

Conclusions
Periodontitis has increased in Brazil since 2005, despite the smoking reduction. Sugar-sweetened beverage was the behavioral risk that mostly accompanied the periodontal trend.

Clinical relevance
Our results support upstream strategies targeting commercial, social, political, and structural determinants to tackle NCDs and reduce oral health inequities.
Epidemiology and emm types among group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Finland: a prospective laboratory-based study
Authors: Virolainen Mirva , Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela Kirsi , Rantakokko-Jalava Kaisu , Seiskari Tapio , Lönnqvist Emilia , Kolari Terhi , Rissanen Tiia , Hyyryläinen Hanne-Leena ,   DICAR study group, Kailankangas Ville , Syrjänen Jaana , Vilhonen Johanna , Oksi Jarmo , Vuento Risto , Vuopio Jaana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Streptococcus pyogenes (mostly termed group A Streptococcus - GAS) is the most important bacterial causative of pharyngitis. However, epidemiology of GAS pharyngitis is not widely established. This study describes GAS pharyngitis cases and emm-type distribution in a prospective study covering over 2 years in two Hospital Districts in Finland.

Methods
A prospective, systematic collection of GAS pharyngitis isolates was conducted between March 2018 and December 2020 in two large Hospital Districts in Finland. Patient characteristics (age, gender) were included if available. All GAS isolates collected were emm typed.

Results
Altogether 1320 GAS pharyngitis strains were collected, 904 in the Hospital District 1 (HD1) and 416 in Hospital District 2 (HD2). In HD1, age and gender data were available. Females were overrepresented (58% of all cases). In addition, the age and gender distributions were noted to be significantly different (p < 0.0001) with females having a more uniform distribution until age of 40. emm28 was common among the age group of 20–29-year-olds and emm89 in children under 10 years of age, respectively. In HD1, most of the isolates were collected during winter and autumn months. Significant differences by season in the frequency of emm12, emm89, emm75 and group of “others” were observed.

Conclusion
Age distribution among GAS pharyngitis cases was significantly different between genders (p < 0.0001). In addition, age group specific and seasonal variations in emm GAS types causing the disease were observed. These findings warrant further investigation, especially for understanding population-based spread of GAS even in more detail.
Transition towards sustainable mobility: the role of transport optimization
Authors: Turan Belma , Hemmelmayr Vera , Larsen Allan , Puchinger Jakob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough the concept of a transition towards sustainability has been introduced about 30 years ago, there is still a lack of progress. Transport emissions have not decreased in the last decade. However, they need to be reduced substantially to meet climate goals. The cornerstones of a transition can be summarized with the avoid-shift-improve paradigm: Traffic should be avoided as much as possible, any unavoidable traffic should be shifted to sustainable modes of transport and finally fuel and vehicle technologies should be improved. The goal of this paper is to find out how and where transport optimization can contribute to a transition towards sustainable mobility. It identifies concepts based on the avoid-shift-improve approach for which transport optimization can be used, describes the existing literature and points out research directions.
Rituximab in combination with cyclosporine and steroid pulse therapy for childhood-onset multidrug-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a multicenter single-arm clinical trial (JSKDC11 trial)
Authors: Nozu Kandai , Sako Mayumi , Tanaka Seiji , Kano Yuji , Ohwada Yoko , Morohashi Tamaki , Hamada Riku , Ohtsuka Yasufumi , Oka Masafumi , Kamei Koichi , Inaba Aya , Ito Shuichi , Sakai Tomoyuki , Kaito Hiroshi , Shima Yuko , Ishikura Kenji , Nakamura Hidefumi , Nakanishi Koichi , Horinouchi Tomoko , Konishi Akihide , Omori Takashi , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Only 80% of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond well to glucocorticoid therapy. Multidrug-resistant nephrotic syndrome (MRNS) is associated with a poor kidney prognosis. Several retrospective studies have identified rituximab as an effective treatment for MRNS; however, prospective studies are required to assess its efficacy and safety.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter, non-blinded, single-arm trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with childhood-onset MRNS who were resistant to cyclosporine and more than three courses of steroid pulse therapy. The enrolled patients received four 375 mg/m2 doses of rituximab in combination with baseline cyclosporine and steroid pulse therapy. The primary endpoint was a > 50% reduction in the urinary protein/creatinine ratio from baseline on day 169. Complete and partial remissions were also evaluated.

Results
Six patients with childhood-onset MRNS were enrolled. All patients were negative for pathogenic variants of podocyte-related genes. On day 169, five patients (83.3%) showed a > 50% reduction in the urinary protein/creatinine ratio, two patients showed partial remission, and two patients showed complete remission. No deaths occurred and severe adverse events occurred in two patients (infection in one patient and acute kidney injury in one patient). Three patients needed treatment for moderate-to-severe infection.

Conclusions
The study treatment effectively reduced the urinary protein/creatinine ratio in patients with childhood-onset MRNS. The adverse events in this study were within the expected range; however, attention should be paid to the occurrence of infections.