bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital survival following pediatric HSCT: changes in complications, ICU therapies and outcomes over 10 years
Authors: Olson Taylor L. , Pollack Murray M. , Dávila Saldaña Blachy J. , Patel Anita K. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an increasingly utilized therapy for malignant and non-malignant pediatric diseases. HSCT complications, including infection, organ dysfunction, and graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) often require intensive care unit (ICU) therapies and are associated with mortality. Our aims were to identify the HSCT characteristics, complications and ICU therapies associated with (1) survival, and (2) survival changes over a ten-year period in a national dataset.MethodsA national sample from the Health Facts (Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, MO) database from 2009 to 2018 was utilized. Inclusion criteria were age 30 days to &lt;22 years and HSCT procedure code. For patients with &gt;1 HSCT, the first was analyzed. Data included demographics, hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital outcome, transplant type and indication. HSCT complications included GVHD and infections. ICU therapies were positive pressure ventilation (PPV), vasoactive infusion, and dialysis. Primary outcome was survival to discharge. Statistical methods included bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression.Results473 patients underwent HSCT with 93% survival. 62% were allogeneic (89% survival) and 38% were autologous (98% survival). GVHD occurred in 33% of allogeneic HSCT. Infections occurred in 26% of all HSCT. ICU therapies included PPV (11% of patients), vasoactive (25%), and dialysis (3%). Decreased survival was associated with allogeneic HSCT (p &lt; 0.01), GVHD (p = 0.02), infection (p &lt; 0.01), and ICU therapies (p &lt; 0.01). Survival improved from 89% (2009–2013) to 96% (2014–2018) (p &lt; 0.01). Allogeneic survival improved (82%–94%, p &lt; 0.01) while autologous survival was unchanged. Survival improvement over time was associated with decreasing infections (33%–21%, p &lt; 0.01) and increasing vasoactive infusions (20%–28%, p = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, later time period was associated with improved survival (p &lt; 0.01, adjusted OR 4.28).DiscussionHospital survival for HSCT improved from 89% to 96% from 2009 to 2018. Factors associated with mortality included allogeneic HSCT, GVHD, infections and ICU therapies. Improving survival coincided with decreasing infections and increasing vasoactive use.
Effect of autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion in the development of retinopathy of prematurity: randomized clinical trial – study protocol
Authors: Torrejon-Rodriguez Laura , Pinilla-Gonzalez Alejandro , Lara Cantón Inmaculada , Albiach-Delgado Abel , Cascant-Vilaplana Mari Merce , Cernada María , Kuligowski Julia , Solves Alcaina Maria Pilar , Gómez Inés , Vento Maximo , Aguar Carrascosa Marta 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundCurrently, the treatment of anemia in preterm infants is based on packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions from adult donors. Oxygen (O2) is mainly transported to the tissues bound to hemoglobin (Hb). In extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which has a higher affinity for O2, represents up to 95% of circulating hemoglobin. During the first month of life, the majority of ELGANs will require an adult-donor RBC transfusion causing HbF levels to rapidly drop. HbA releases 50% more oxygen in peripheral tissues than HbF. Increased release of O2 in the retina is one of the main factors related to the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Collecting umbilical cord blood and using autologous umbilical cord whole blood (UCB) transfusions would contribute to maintaining physiological HbF concentrations in newborns and avoid oxygen-in-excess derived damage.MethodsThis is a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter clinical trial. ELGANs ≤28 weeks of gestational age will be randomized 1:1 to receive an autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion (intervention arm) or standard transfusion of packed RBC from an adult donor (control arm) to assess ROP development. Assuming a 50% reduction in ROP incidence, 134 patients (67 per group) will be recruited. When blood transfusion is indicated, the Blook Bank will supply UCB or RCB according to the patient's group. The primary endpoint is the incidence of any ROP. Secondary endpoints are assessessment of treatment safety, results of biomarkers related to ROP and its chronology, and urine oxidative stress markers. In addition, the cellular composition of umbilical cord blood and its relationship with prematurity-related pathologies will be analyzed. All patients will be followed-up to 24 months of corrected age to evaluate their neurodevelopment.DiscussionROP is a major cause of irreversible blindness in preterm newborns. Transfusions with adult donor blood can lead to complications, including ROP. UCB transfusions offer advantages by maintaining physiological HbF levels and potentially optimizing postnatal development. Moreover, autologous UCB transfusion could reduce risks associated with heterologous blood products, although volume collection remains challenging. UCB contains growth factors and progenitor cells that may impact ROP.
Dosimetric effects of inserted non-radioactive elements in a tumor area in proton therapy
Authors: Galanakou Panagiota , Leventouri Theodora , Muhammad Wazir 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Various prompt gamma (PG) ray-based techniques have been proposed to monitor the proton range during treatment, but the poor PG statistics produced entangle their clinical application. Recently, we developed a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model for the enhancement of PG production based on the nuclear cross section of protons with the material transversed, via inserting the non-radioactive elements 19F, 17O, and 127I in a hypothetical tumor area. This work aimed to study the dose distribution changes caused by the addition of specific % weight fractions of PG enhancers in a water medium using MC simulations.Methods: Our MC model was created using the TOPAS MC package and retaining identical geometries, mixture compositions, and incident proton energies (75, 100, and 200 MeV, respectively) previously tested for the PG statistics enhancement. The total dose deposition in water and in mixture compositions that have been found to maximally increase the PG production was scored and evaluated based on the important dosimetric metrics R90, Bragg peak (BP) width, and full width at half maximum (FWHM). Furthermore, the spatial correlation of PG emissions relative to BPs was also studied and compared on the basis of the BP decrease at R90.Results and Discussion: There is no significant change in total dose deposition except for 127I. However, dose curve shifts in R90 toward shallower depth, followed by steeper BP and reduced FWHM, were observed in all cases. The percentage changes vary with incident proton energies and mixture compositions. The addition of the stable elements had no effect on the PG spatial emission. The dosimetric study reveals that the addition of the tested stable elements did not change the dose distribution and did not alter the dose deposited by secondary particles. Since their addition increases the electron density of the medium, the shift of BP to shallower depths is linked with the mixture composition changes. Furthermore, a steeper BP value is observed that could be beneficial for OAR avoidance. Since this theoretical study of using 19F, 17O, and 127I as PG enhancers is promising from a dosimetric point of view, experimental studies are necessary to determine their clinical application feasibility.
What I didn’t grow up with is dangerous: personal experience with a new technology or societal change reduces the belief that it corrupts youth
Authors: Protzko John , Schooler Jonathan W. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThroughout history, technological and societal changes consistently receive suspicion. Their influences appear damaging, corrupting, and potential precursors to societal downfall, with today’s youth often portrayed as the primary victims. This study aims to explore an underlying reason for these perceptions and to investigate why society frequently perceives technological and societal transitions as detrimental to the younger generation.MethodsWe conduct two studies across a total of 1,702 participants. In a pilot study, American adults generate a list of technological/societal innovations they believe to be especially problematic for youth in various ways. The second study maps beliefs that specific technological/societal shifts are corruptive, correlating with whether American adults experience them during their upbringing.ResultsPeople view recent technologies as particularly corrupting of today’s youth. A notable within-person correlation exists between an individual’s exposure to specific technologies during their youth and their belief that these technologies corrupt today’s youth. Specifically, people are more inclined to view technological/societal shifts as corruptive if they don’t experience them during their formative years (b = −0.09, p &lt; 0.001, 95%CI = [−0.11, −0.09]). When reminded of their own exposure to a particular innovation during their upbringing, however, this relationship reduces.DiscussionThese findings suggest unfamiliarity currently stands as a pivotal factor in societal apprehensions regarding new technological and societal evolutions. As society welcomes new innovations, an enduring cycle emerges where those unacquainted changes seem corruptive to the newer generations. Recognizing this bias, primarily driven by mere unfamiliarity, may be crucial for more balanced evaluations of the inevitable technological and societal progress.
The relationships between body mass index, reciprocal ponderal index, waist-to-height ratio, and fitness in young adult males
Authors: Ben Brahim Mehdi , Sal-de-Rellán Alejandro , Hernaiz-Sánchez Ariadna , Yasin Hussain , García-Valverde Adrián 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAnthropometric measures such as the body mass index (BMI), reciprocal ponderal index (RPI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) have been proposed as predictors of physical fitness. This study aimed to identify the differences in explanatory capacity and fit of BMI, RPI, and WHR on physical fitness, which involves jumping, sprinting, change of direction, and aerobic capacity, by adjusting the polynomial regression.MethodsA sample of 297 healthy, recreationally active male university students between 18 and 20 years old was recruited for this study. Anthropometric measurements (height: 174.09 ± 6.27 cm, weight: 78.98 ± 20.27 kg, waist circumference: 93.74 ± 14.56 cm) were taken for each participant. Jumping tests (squat jump, countermovement jump), sprinting tests (20 m sprint), agility tests (agility T-test), and aerobic/endurance tests (6 min walk test, VAM-EVAL test) were performed. Nonlinear quadratic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the jump, sprint, and fitness test scores and the anthropometric indices. The models were compared based on R-squares and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05.ResultsThe results showed that all the indices predicted a portion of the variance because all variables and index relationships were significant. Regarding the fitted models, the Bayesian Information Criterion showed that BMI was the best indicator of performance, although the RPI was better for VO2max.ConclusionThese findings may be of great interest to practitioners because it appears that anthropometric measures can be used to predict physical fitness in certain tests although the accuracy raises any concerns.
Data analysis of zoonoses notifications in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in Australia 1996–2021: implications for One Health
Authors: Riley Tamara , Lovett Raymond , Cumming Bonny , Meredith Anna , Anderson Neil E. , Thandrayen Joanne 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionZoonoses are a health concern for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia that face elevated risk of disease related to the environment and animals. Internationally, One Health is encouraged to effectively manage zoonoses by taking integrated approaches involving animal, human, and environmental health sectors to improve health outcomes. However, Australia’s health systems manage zoonotic diseases in animals and people separately which does not support a One Health approach. For the effective management of zoonoses, a strong evidence base and database regarding the epidemiology of zoonotic pathogens is needed. However, we currently lack this evidence limiting our understanding of the impact of zoonoses on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.MethodsAs a first step towards building the evidence base, we undertook a descriptive analysis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander zoonotic notifications in Australia from 1996 to 2021. We presented notifications as annual notification rates per 100,000 population, and percentages of notifications by state, remoteness, sex, and age group.ResultsSalmonellosis and campylobacteriosis were the most notified zoonoses with the highest annual notification rates of 99.75 and 87.46 per 100,000 population, respectively. The north of Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia), remote and outer regional areas, and young children (0–4 years of age) had the highest percentages of notifications.DiscussionTo our knowledge, these findings are the first national presentation of the epidemiology of zoonoses within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. A greater understanding of transmission, prevalence and impact of zoonoses on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (including animal and environmental health factors) is required to inform their effective management through a One Health approach.
Designing a doctor evaluation index system for an online medical platform based on the information system success model in China
Authors: Liu Shuaibing , Zhang Yunqiu 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveIn the context of “internet + medical health” and emphasis on evaluation mechanism for medical and health talents in China, we design an evaluation index system for doctors on online medical platforms by synthesizing two patterns of existing online medical platforms, which is the first step to enhance the capabilities of doctors on online medical platforms.MethodsBased on the doctor evaluation model integrating information systems success model (ISS-DE model) and grounded theory, the evaluation indicators were obtained through expert interviews, offline medical institutions investigation, online platforms investigation, and literature research, and were assigned weights using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. A working group composed of 23 experts was set up to review and determine the competency standards of doctors on the online medical platforms.ResultsA new indicator framework covering 3 dimensions of system quality, service quality and information quality was constructed in this study. The index system included 3 first-level indicators, 8 s-level indicators and 60 third-level indicators, and each indicator was given different weightage.ConclusionThe complete index system constructed by the Delphi method in this study is suitable for China’s online medical platforms, which will help to improve the quality of platforms and the ability of doctors, thus promoting the process of internet medical integration.
Letting people flourish: defining and suggesting skills for maintaining and improving positive health
Authors: Sponselee Hanne C. S. , ter Beek Lies , Renders Carry M. , Kroeze Willemieke , Fransen Mirjam P. , van Asselt Kristel M. , Steenhuis Ingrid H. M. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe concept of “positive health” emerged from the need for a holistic and more dynamic perspective on health, emphasising the ability of individuals to adapt and self-manage. The positive health conversation tool helps understand how people score on six positive health dimensions. However, skills within these dimensions to maintain or improve health have not yet been described. This is important for enabling individuals to put health advice into practise. Therefore, this paper aims to define and suggest skills for maintaining and improving positive health.SubsectionsSuggestions for definitions of skills within the positive health dimensions are described using the functional, interactive, and critical health literacy framework. Additionally, executive functions and life skills were incorporated. Moreover, the environment's role in these individual skills was noted, mentioning organisational health literacy that emphasises organisations' responsibility to provide comprehensible health information to all individuals. We propose that health promotion interventions can incorporate the proposed skills in practical exercises while aligning intervention materials and implementation tools with end-users and implementers.Discussion and conclusionThe suggested skills for maintaining and improving positive health are a first step towards a more comprehensive understanding and open to discussion. These skills may also be applied to other practical conversation tools for maintaining or improving health. Increasing positive health through the defined skills may be especially relevant to those with a lower socioeconomic position who also have limited health literacy and thereby may contribute to reducing health inequalities. Taken together, strengthening the defined skills may hopefully contribute to allowing people to flourish in life.
Assessing the impact of a 6-year health sciences enrichment program for underrepresented minority youth on healthcare workforce diversity, career path, and public health
Authors: Kohut Oscar B. , Wang Zhiru , Sanchez Ronald R. , Rausch John C. , Nieto Andy , Minguez Mara M. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundImproving the quality of care for a diverse population requires a diverse healthcare workforce which necessitates high educational attainment among underrepresented communities. Programs aimed to address healthcare workforce diversity gaps also serve as a public health intervention by offering avenues to improve the health of local communities by providing students with the knowledge and skills to promote healthy behaviors, foster scientific literacy, and inspire future public health professionals - who in turn serve their local communities to advance health outcomes. We interviewed alumni of the New York Presbyterian Hospital Lang Youth Medical Program (LYMP), a high school health sciences mentoring and enrichment program for underrepresented minority youth in Upper Manhattan, from graduating classes between 2012 and 2021 to explore their perspectives on what aspects of the program had the most impact on their academic and career paths.MethodThis is a qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. All interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method for developing grounded theory, following a convenience sampling method.Results106 codes were organized into 24 themes, which were further arranged into 4 topic areas: demonstrated program success, intangible program drivers, improvement opportunities, and barriers to program participation. Topic areas captured participants’ perspectives on how the program is designed to foster an environment of personal, academic, and professional development; ways aspects of the program organically worked together to provide unanticipated positive facilitators; opportunities for program improvements, and external factors that influenced decision-making.ConclusionThrough this study, we found that the LYMP had a positive influence in helping participants set and achieve personal, academic, and professional goals. Alumni reported activities and experiences offered by the program that foster key youth development constructs linked to healthier and more resilient communities. Importantly, the vast majority of participants described how the synergism between program features, staff support, family involvement, and professional development and networking created an environment of achievement that went beyond the scope of the program design. Findings from this study offer a blueprint for other organizations to craft a similarly successful enrichment program that improves health outcomes, reduces health disparities, and promotes overall population health.
Barriers and facilitators for implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review
Authors: van der Laag Patricia J. , Dorhout Berber G. , Heeren Aaron A. , Veenhof Cindy , Barten Di-Janne J. A. , Schoonhoven Lisette 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundLifestyle interventions, combining nutrition and exercise, are effective in improving the physical functioning of community-dwelling older adults and preventing healthcare risks due to loss in muscle mass. However, the potential of these types of interventions is not being fully exploited due to insufficient implementation. Having insight into the determinants that could hinder or facilitate the implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention could improve the development of matching implementation strategies and enhance the implementation of such lifestyle interventions. The aim of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators for the successful implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention for community-dwelling older adults.MethodA scoping review was conducted. A literature search was conducted in four electronic databases, and references were checked for additional inclusion. Studies were screened if they met the inclusion criteria. Barriers and facilitators were extracted from the included studies. To validate the results of the literature search, healthcare professionals and community-dwelling older adults were interviewed. Barriers and facilitators were categorized by two researchers according to the constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).ResultsThe search identified 12,364 studies, and 23 were found eligible for inclusion in the review. Barriers and facilitators for 26 of the 39 constructs of the CFIR were extracted. The interviews with healthcare professionals and older adults yielded six extra barriers and facilitators for implementation, resulting in determinants for 32 of the 39 CFIR constructs. According to literature and healthcare professionals, cosmopolitanism (network with external organizations), patient needs and resources, readiness for implementation, costs, knowledge and beliefs about the intervention, network and communication, and engaging were found to be the most important determinants for implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention.ConclusionA broad range of barriers and facilitators across all domains of the CFIR framework emerged in this study. The results of this review reflect on determinants that should be taken into account when planning for the implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention. A further step in the implementation process is the development of implementation strategies aiming at the identified determinants to enhance the implementation of a combined lifestyle intervention in community care.