bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phyllanthus-derived Naturally-occurring Products: An Overview of their
Effects against Viruses in Cell Models
Authors: Díaz-Herrera Taylor H. , Caldas Martínez María L. , Coy-Barrera Ericsson 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Infectious diseases are considered a global public health problem, with
viruses being the predominant infectious agents afflicting the human population. The most used
control alternatives are the search and development of vaccines and drugs. Nevertheless, their
efficacy has limitations related to the immune response stimulation, resistance mechanisms, costeffort ratio, development, and production. An alternative to these drawbacks is the search for
compounds isolated from plants with antiviral and/or virucidal properties. The genus Phyllanthus
is a plant group producing compounds that gathers an antiviral and virucidal spectrum on different biological models. However, there is no complete review of their properties against viruses in
cell models.

Objective:
To compile and analyse the more relevant information on the antiviral and virucidal
activity in cell models, phytochemical composition, and generalities of the genus Phyllanthus.

Method:
The information was assembled from a general search for articles in various databanks,
and the information was organized, tabulated, and discussed.

Results:
The taxonomic classification of the genus Phyllanthus showed discrepancies between
different authors and publications. The antiviral and virucidal effects of Phyllanthus naturallyoccurring compounds on cell models showed a broad spectrum and a high chemical diversity
mainly related to phenols and polyphenols.

Conclusion:
Antiviral and virucidal properties of Phyllanthus-derived compounds showed promising results as controlling agents against viral infections in different cell models, particularly in
the viral replication and translation processes. Further studies are required to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved in these natural alternatives to expand their efficient and effective applications.
Enzyme Inhibition in Managing Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Kumar Shivendra , Saha Sunam , Babu Arockia , Agrawal Mohit , Singh Kuldeep , Chaudhary Hema , Lavania Khushboo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Enzyme inhibition stands as a crucial strategy in tackling cardiovascular diseases (CVDs),
countering their significant global impact on health. Targeting key enzymes involved in critical disease
pathways has emerged as a pivotal pharmacological approach across various cardiovascular
conditions. In hypertension, ACE inhibitors effectively lower blood pressure by impeding the conversion
of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, promoting vasodilation and reducing cardiac workload.
CAD management often involves statins, which competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme
A reductase, thereby lowering cholesterol levels and curbing plaque formation in coronary
arteries. For heart failure, neprilysin inhibitors combined with ARBs exhibit promise by preserving
beneficial peptides, supporting heart function and regulating fluid balance. Aspirin, an irreversible
COX enzyme inhibitor, reduces platelet aggregation, mitigating thromboxane A2 formation and lowering
the risk of clot-related complications in atherosclerosis. Managing dyslipidemia involves drugs
like ezetimibe, targeting cholesterol absorption in the intestines and reducing LDL cholesterol levels.
However, administering these drugs mandates careful consideration of patient-specific factors, potential
side effects, and contraindications. Integrating lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular
exercise remains integral to CVD management. The potential of enzyme inhibition in disrupting
disease pathways and addressing key factors in CVD progression is evident. Yet, it necessitates ongoing
research for refining existing therapies and developing novel inhibitors to augment cardiovascular
outcomes and elevate patients' quality of life.
An In silico Study on B-cell Epitope Mapping of Acinetobacter baumannii
Outer Membrane Protein K
Authors: Heidarinia Hana , Ghadiri Keyghobad , Zargaran Fatemeh Nemati , Lorestani Roya Chegene , Rostamian Mosayeb 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. No vaccine has yet been licensed for use in humans, and efforts are still ongoing.

Objective:
In the present study, we have predicted the B-cell epitopes of A. baumannii’s outer
membrane protein K (OMPK) by using epitope prediction algorithms as possible vaccine candidates for future studies.

Methods:
The linear B-cell epitopes were predicted by seven different prediction tools. The 3D
structure of OMPK was modeled and used for discontinuous epitope prediction by ElliPro and
DiscoTope 2.0 tools. The final linear epitopes and the discontinuous epitope segments were
checked for potential allergenicity, toxicity, human similarity, and experimental records. The
structure and physicochemical features of the final epitopic peptide were assessed by numerous
bioinformatics tools.

Results:
Many B-cell epitopes were detected that could be assessed for possible antigenicity and
immunogenicity. Also, an epitopic 22-mer region (peptide) of OMPK was found that contained
both linear and discontinuous B-cell epitopes. This epitopic peptide has been found to possess
appropriate physicochemical and structural properties to be an A. baumannii vaccine candidate.

Conclusion:
Altogether, here, the high immunogenic B-cell epitopes of OMPK have been identified, and a high immunogenic 22-mer peptide as an A. baumannii vaccine candidate has been
introduced. The in vitro/in vivo studies of this peptide are recommended to decide its real efficacy and efficiency.
Advances in Deep Learning Assisted Drug Discovery Methods: A Self-review
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Saravanan Konda Mani 
Published: January 2024

:
Artificial Intelligence is a field within computer science that endeavors to replicate the
intricate structures and operational mechanisms inherent in the human brain. Machine learning is a
subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on developing models by analyzing training data. Deep
learning is a distinct subfield within artificial intelligence, characterized by using models that depict
geometric transformations across multiple layers. The deep learning has shown significant promise in
various domains, including health and life sciences. In recent times, deep learning has demonstrated
successful applications in drug discovery. In this self-review, we present recent methods developed
with the aid of deep learning. The objective is to give a brief overview of the present cutting-edge
advancements in drug discovery from our group. We have systematically discussed experimental evidence
and proof of concept examples for the deep learning-based models developed, such as Deep-
BindBC, DeepPep, and DeepBindRG. These developments not only shed light on the existing challenges
but also emphasize the achievements and prospects for future drug discovery and development
progress.
Advances in Neutrophil Cell Membrane-coated Nano Drug Delivery
Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bajwa Neha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Cell-mediated drug delivery systems have gained significant attention in medical research
due to their potential for enhanced therapeutic specificity and efficacy in various diseases. Among
immune cells, neutrophils (NEs) have emerged as a promising candidate for drug delivery due to their
prevalence and rapid response at inflammatory sites. However, the short lifespan and challenges associated
with the in vitro cultivation of NEs have hindered their direct use for drug administration. This
review aims to highlight the importance of NEs as effective drug-delivery vehicles and elucidate the
underlying mechanisms contributing to their pharmacological efficacy. By analyzing recent studies
and advancements in the field, we will discuss the strategies employed to harness NEs as drug carriers,
including coating nanostructures with NE cell membranes.

:
In addition, we will investigate the distinctive characteristics of NEs that allow for targeted drug delivery.
These properties include the NE's capacity to navigate intricate biological environments and
actively move towards inflamed tissues. Moreover, we will examine the mechanisms by which NEs
release drugs and explore their potential applications in different therapeutic fields.
Extensive Computational Studies for the Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Candidates Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Carrasco Placid , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction::
Breast cancer holds the distinction of being the most frequent type of cancer among women when compared to other forms of cancer. Estrogen
Receptors (ER) are intracellular transcription factors that are essential for a variety of biological functions that are regulated by estrogen in the
body. With its ability to modulate gene expression, Estrogen Receptors exert significant influence over cell growth, development, reproduction,
and other important biological functions. Estrogen Receptors are overexpressed in breast cancer events; dysregulation of estrogen signaling
pathways caused by this overexpression results in aberrant cell growth and proliferation, which make them the hallmarks of breast cancer.

Methods::
A thorough study of different molecular structures and properties was done using extensive computational analyses and simulations in order to
identify compounds with the potential to inhibit ER activity. Diverse chemical libraries were subjected to docking against the target ER-α, and
molecules with docking scores less than -8.00 kcal/mol were retained.

Results::
Further, these virtual hits were evaluated using 3D-QSAR models for predicting activity. ADME/Tox screening was performed to retain
compounds with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles. Six compounds with excellent binding potential predicted biological activity and favorable
ADME/Tox profiles were chosen. Prolonged molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess structural stability over time.

Conclusion::
The computational study on breast cancer on the target ER has yielded significant progress with the identification of six promising compounds that
can be further evaluated through experimental validations.
L-Pipecolic Acid-catalyzed Highly Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted
Imidazoles and N-cycloalkyl-2,4,5-trisubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Mishra Anila , Fatima Zeeshan , Ved Akash , Srivastava Sajal , Singh Ashok K 
Published: January 2024

Aims:
We aimed to conduct an L-Pipecolic acid-catalyzed synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted
imidazoles and N-cycloalkyl-2,4,5- trisubstituted imidazoles to develop a novel synthetic
route followed by the synthesis of novel series of compounds

Background:
A rapid, highly efficient, and greener approach for the synthesis of a series of 2,4,5-
trisubstituted imidazoles and N-cycloalkyl-2,4,5- trisubstituted imidazoles were developed via onepot
multicomponent reaction (MCRs).

Objective:
The objective of the current study was to discover a new and highly efficient organocatalyzed
synthetic route for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted
imidazoles followed by the synthesis of novel series of compounds.

Method:
L-Pipecolic acid was used as a bifunctional catalyst in one-pot multicomponent reaction
(MCRs) for the cyclo-condensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, substituted aromatic aldehydes,
cycloalkyl amines, and ammonium acetate in ethanol at moderate temperature. Purification of compounds
was performed through a non-chromatographic method. Physical and spectral data analysis
was carried out to characterize the products.

Result:
Employing our newly developed L-Pipecolic acid-catalyzed synthetic route, a series of total
twenty-three compounds incorporating 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles (3a-n) and N-cycloalkyl-
2,4,5- trisubstituted imidazoles (4a-i) were synthesized successfully, and a plausible reaction mechanism
is proposed based on the results of the experiment.

Conclusion:
All the derivatives were afforded high purity and excellent yields (92–97%) in a short
reaction time (45–90 min). The newly developed synthetic route is rapid and robust and could be
applicable for the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Brassica nigra Cream Efficacy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis, A Double-blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jafari Kimia , Asadi Saman , Ashrafi Hajar , Karimzade Iman , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Ansari Ramin , M. Zarshenas Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), the most common type of age-related degenerative
arthritis, affects more than fourteen million people in the United States. Due to the unavailability
of an optimum safe, and effective medication for the disease and the global trend toward
natural medicaments originating from Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM),
we aimed to formulate and investigate a topical formulation from Traditional Persian Medicine
(TPM) known as Brassica nigra oil in patients with knee OA.

Methods:
Brassica nigra oil obtained from the direct cold press method was formulated as a
topical cream. Thirty patients with knee OA participated in the study one week after receiving an
intra-articular injection of Hyaluronic acid 2% as standard treatment. Fifteen patients used 5 g of
Brassica nigra cream topically twice daily for one month, while the 15 patients used cold cream
as a placebo similarly. Patients were evaluated clinically and were asked to fill in the Visual Analogue
Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC),
and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) at the beginning and 4, 12 weeks later.

Results:
Although there were significant differences between VAS, WOMAC, and MPQ between
baseline and 4th week within both groups, a significant improvement was observed between
the 4th and 12th week just in the drug group. Moreover, there was a remarkable difference
between groups in both of the time intervals (p < 0.001). No adverse effects were reported during
the study interval.

Conclusion:
This study confirms the efficacy and safety of Brassica nigra cream in knee OA.
Brassica nigra phenolic and flavonoid content might be responsible for analgesic and antiinflammatory
properties. This formulation can be considered a natural product in the management
of patients with knee OA after more in vitro and in vivo studies.
Cytotoxic Activity of Nigerian Medicinal Plants on Breast Cancer Cells: A
Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Muhammad Suleiman Alhaji , Saidu Yusuf , Gimba Abubakar Yaya , Ibrahim Abdulwasiu , Idi Aminu , Pedro Shamsudeen Lekan , Haruna Shamsudeen , Abdulazeez Mansurah Abimbola 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer type and the leading
cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. While herbal medicines are sources of novel
remedies for cancer patients, their efficacies remain unexplored.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Nigerian medicinal plants for breast
cancer treatment using the Bayesian network meta-analytic approach.

Methods:
We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct until January 2022
for articles that reported the efficacy of Nigerian medicinal plants for the treatment of breast
cancer in preclinical models. The mean difference (MD) of cytotoxicity data was analyzed using
a random effects model with a 95% credible interval (CrI). The surface under the cumulative
ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to assess the ranking probabilities of the outcome measure.

Results:
A total of 13 articles were enrolled for qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The quality of the included studies ranges from low to moderate. Treatment of breast cancer cells for at
least 48 hours caused cytotoxicity with no evidence of inconsistency. SUCRA indicated that
fraction (MD: -10.5%, 95% CrI: -63.8, 43.3) performed better in killing cancer cells, followed
by crude extract and then isolate with MD of -4.42% (95% CrI: -41.2, 33.4) and -2.67% (95%
CrI: -64.3, 59.2), respectively.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis provides evidence of the therapeutic benefits of Nigerian herbal
medicines for the treatment of breast cancer. Future studies may examine these medicinal plants
for breast cancer in animal and clinical trials with improved methodological quality.
Optimal Allocation of Fault Current Limiters in Power Systems: A
Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khalil Yasser , Elmasry Said , El Samhay Adel A. , Shindy I. M. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
This paper delves into the potential of Fault Current Limiters (FCLs) as
a transformative technology within power systems. FCLs assume a pivotal role in streamlining
network expansion efforts, sustaining fault current levels, and augmenting the overall performance of power systems. The classification of FCLs is outlined, encompassing superconducting
FCLs (SFCLs), Solid-State FCLs (SFCLs), and non-superconducting FCLs (Non-SFCLs).

Objective:
The core of this study lies in an exhaustive review of relevant literature, with a keen
focus on optimal allocation strategies for FCLs. The primary objective of this paper is to function
as an all-encompassing reference for both researchers and engineers, providing optimal FCL allocation studies.

Method:
this paper discusses various techniques for the optimal allocation of FCLs within power
systems. These allocation methods are categorized based on multiobjective functions such as
cost, fault current reduction, stability, protection coordination, reliability, and power quality.

Results:
This search presents an overview of the FCL survey structured around key components,
including objective functions, design variables, constraints, optimization methods, network types,
FCL types, and research contributions.

Conclusion:
This work aims to empower professionals in the field with a robust understanding of
FCL allocation, ultimately contributing to the efficient and sustainable evolution of power systems. FCLs represent a promising technology for enhancing the performance and reliability of
power systems, and this paper serves as a comprehensive resource for those interested in optimizing their allocation within these systems.
The Journey of Methotrexate and Potential Alternative Pharmacotherapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Patra Snehanjana , Pal Choudhury Tania , Barman Sanchari 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory auto-immune
disorder chiefly described by synovitis followed by extra-articular manifestations of organ association
such as pneumonia in addition to the clinical symptoms that cause long-term joint
damage starting from the small joints and gradually progressing to the larger ones. Early diagnosis
is considered a major improvement for the most desirable outcomes. Methotrexate
(MTX), an antifolate, has been the gold standard therapy in use for over forty years as an anchor
drug. This drug started out as an anti-cancer drug in large doses and is now in use to treat
rheumatoid arthritis at very low doses. The treatments for rheumatoid arthritis aim to curb the
swelling in the body and protect the joints from further damage. Recent research has seen an
increase in the use of combination therapies with Methotrexate.

Objectives:
In this paper, we present a summary of the current drug in use and its side effects,
associated with RA. The paper gives an account of alternate modes of treatment that have been
explored for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion:
Initially designed to inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and treat various
types of cancer, methotrexate found application as an anti-rheumatic drug in 1984 although
suggestions for the same have been made since the 1950s. Since then, a substantial amount of
clinical evidence has been obtained to clearly indicate the cytotoxic activity of the drug against
the cells responsible for joint inflammation associated with RA. Thus, methotrexate is a clear
choice when it comes to treating RA despite the advent of other lines of treatment being explored
and implemented.
Exploring the Potential Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Patel Aakriti , Singh Astha , Minocha Neha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Metal nanoparticles have been a topic of interest between research scholars
for decades now. Since these nanoparticles show tremendous effects against bacterial
invasion in the body they are widely in demand. ZnO nanoparticles have emerged as
one of the most promising candidates for preventing bacterial invasions within the
human body. Owing to their small particulate size and increased surface area, they
exhibit excellent antimicrobial characteristics. A number of pathogens have the ability
to form biofilms which further increases bacterial activity. Biofilms are complex
and resilient bacterial communities that adhere to surfaces and are encased in a protective
extracellular matrix. They offer enhanced resistance to antibiotics and the host
immune system on bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent antibiofilm
properties, making them promising candidates for the treatment of biofilmrelated
infections. ZnO nanoparticles have also shown remarkable anti-microbial activity
against a wide variety of pathogens. ZnO nanoparticles release zinc ions (Zn2+)
when exposed to bacteria which helps in degrading the cellular membrane thus disrupting
the bacterial integrity. This review article aims to understand the different aspects
of Zinc NPs. Thirteen relevant studies were included, focusing on three distinct
preparation methods: polyol synthesis, green synthesis, and precipitation. Each of
these methods provides useful insights into the efficient development of ZnO nanoparticles,
ensuring their optimal performance and applicability in a variety of scenarios.
It also focuses on exploring the antibacterial activity as well as the antibiofilm activity
of ZnO.