bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Water Splitting for H2 Production via Two‐electron Pathway
Authors: Guo Zhiqi , Tian Yao , He Jiaping , Song Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn response to energy and environmental crises, solar‐driven pure water splitting is a promising way to produce and store renewable energy sources without environmental pollution. Photocatalytic water splitting via two‐electron pathway (2H2O→H2+H2O2) is a more kinetically favorable way to produce H2 compared with traditional four‐electron pathway. Although numerous efforts have been devoted to investigate the application of two‐electron pathway water splitting, drawbacks still inhibit the efficiency of H2 generation. This review discusses the mechanism and challenges of photocatalytic water splitting via a two‐electron pathway. Then, recent developments in novel photocatalyst preparation and modification strategies for effective H2 generation via two‐electron pathway were discussed, such as morphology and structure modulation, elemental doping, co‐catalyst loading, and heterostructure construction. In addition, the development of stepwise two‐electron pathway which further decomposed H2O2 and release O2 was also introduced. Appropriate co‐catalyst with high H2O2 decomposition activity that is essential for stepwise process was discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities for commercial application of photocatalytic water splitting via two‐electron pathway were briefly outlined.
Controllable Exciton Diffusion Length and Ultrafast Charge Generation in Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Sixuan , Qiao Jiawei , Lu Peng , Qin Wei , Hao Xiaotao 
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCharge generation, a critical process in the operation of organic solar cell (OSC), requires thorough investigation in an ultrafast perspective. This work demonstrates that the utilization of alloy model for the non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) component can regulate the crystallization properties of active layer films, which in turn affects exciton diffusion and hole transfer (HT), ultimately influencing the charge generation process. By incorporating BTP‐eC7 as a third component, without expanding absorption range or changing molecular energy levels but regulating the ultrafast exciton diffusion and HT processes, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the optimized PM6:BTP‐eC9:BTP‐eC7 based ternary OSC is improved from 17.30% to 17.83%, primarily due to the enhancement of short‐circuit current density (JSC). Additionally, the introduction of BTP‐eC7 also reduces the trap state density in the photoactive layer which helps to reduce the loss of JSC. This study introduces a novel approach for employing ternary alloy models by incorporating dual acceptors with similar structures, and elucidates the underlying mechanism of charge generation and JSC in ternary OSCs.
Open‐domain event schema induction via weighted attentive hypergraph neural network
Authors: Qin Wei , Wang Hao , Luo Xiangfeng 
Published: February 2024

SummaryEvent schema refers to the use of a template to depict similar events, and it is a necessary prerequisite for event causality extractions. The induction of event schemas is a difficult task, especially for texts in the open domain, due to the complex and diverse manifestations of events. Previous models considered participants in event mentions are independent or compositional, ignoring the high‐order correlations among participants, which limit their capability of induce event schema. To remedy this, we propose constructing an Event Structure Hypergraph (ESH) to better utilizes the event structural information for event schema induction. In particular, we first extract event mentions from the open‐domain corpus. and then construct an ESH by representing event mentions as a hyperedges. ESH contains high‐order information between participants in event mention. To, learn event mentions representation based on ESH, we propose a weighted attentive hypergraph neural network (WHGNN) to model event high‐order correlations and then integrate node‐category weight matrix into the training of network by improving event representation. By applying jointly cluster algorithm on the event mentions representation, we can induce reliable event schemas. Experimental results on three datasets demonstrate that our approach can induce salient and high‐quality event schemas on open‐domain corpus.
Estimation of impact of non‐local ion heat flux model on transport simulation for DEMO‐relevant scrape‐off layer plasma
Authors: Homma Yuki , Hoshino Kazuo , Yamoto Shohei , Tokunaga Shinsuke , Asakura Nobuyuki , Miyato Naoaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn a fusion DEMOnstration reactor (DEMO)‐relevant scrape‐off layer plasma (SOL), whose collisionality is lower than in the SOLs of present‐day tokamaks, kinetic effects are predicted to reduce the plasma heat conductivity along the magnetic field below the value obtained with the classical Spitzer–Harm model. As a part of ongoing efforts to improve the predictive capability of SOL heat transport calculations, we have implemented the non‐local heat flux model proposed by [Luciani, Mora and Virmont, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 (1983) 1664–1667] (here referred to as the LMV model) in the integrated SOL–divertor simulation code SONIC in order to account for the kinetic effect on the heat conduction due to the parallel streaming of rapidly moving particles. Our transport simulations for the Japanese demonstration tokamak reactor concept, JA DEMO, show that the LMV model yields a significantly reduced ion parallel conductive heat flux density both on the low‐ and high‐field side of the upstream SOL. The heat flux obtained with the LMV model seems to be consistent with earlier kinetic simulations of tokamak ion transport. As a consequence of the reduced heat flux, a significant increase in the ion temperature and a decrease in the density have also been found over a broad area of the upstream SOL.
The disciplinary matrix of applied arts and artistic cultures
Authors: Roy Emeline , McLain Matt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractApplied arts and artistic cultures are taught in vocational high schools, in France, with the aim of developing civic and social skills in students, which are cross‐cutting or generic. To achieve this, this design education revolves around the creation and conception of artefacts. This article explores epistemological issues relating to the role and nature of design education in vocational high schools. Following Kuhn, it proposes a disciplinary matrix of the subject, characterized by objects, knowledge (declarative and procedural) and a set of tasks. These different components make it possible to present a curricular analysis grid of design education in vocational high schools over the past 30 years. This reveals a curriculum development correlated to the evolution of design as an involved social practice. Additionally, the integration of Mitcham's technological manifestations framework enriches this analysis, offering a more comprehensive perspective on the role of technology in design education. This approach indeed clarifies what needs to be taught, fosters the evolution of teaching methods and incorporates new elements such as sustainable development, the environment, collaboration and information technologies. These adjustments reflect changes in professional practices and contribute to civic education in the context of sustainability and ethical challenges. This article makes a significant contribution to debates on the epistemological basis for design education, in France and beyond.
Tailoring Bandgap and Photocatalytic Performance of Designed Zinc Oxide Platelets by Cobalt Doping
Authors: Alkan Bulent , Sukru Ates Ozan , Tumerkan Kesim Mehmet , Suvaci Ender 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlatelet‐shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) particles exhibit certain advantages compared to conventional micron and nano forms. Their superior surface coverage and excellent optical properties make these particles very attractive as UV filters in cosmetics and personal care applications. Although ZnO is non‐toxic, it exhibits photocatalytic activity (PCA), which increases when the size of particles approaches the nanoscale. High PCA of mineral/inorganic filters is not desired in cosmetics and personal care applications. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to reduce PCA of such materials under UV exposure. Accordingly, the research objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the effects of Co‐doping on the optoelectronic and crystal structure of platelet shaped ZnO particles with Zn1‐xMxO stoichiometry (x=0‐4 wt % cobalt). XRD‐based Rietveld refinement and WD‐XRF reveal that Co was successfully doped into the ZnO lattice. SEM and particle size analyses confirmed that the shape and size of the designed ZnO platelets did not change significantly after doping. ~85 % reduction in PCA has was achieved by 3 wt % Co doping which was attributed to reduced OH and O2 free radical concentration. These results clearly show that Co‐doping can be used to effectively tailor the bandgap and optical properties of the designed ZnO particles.
Sophora japonica L. bioactives: Chemistry, sources, and processing techniques
Authors: Guo Na , Chen Zhuo , Cao Shen‐Quan , Shang Fu‐De 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSophora japonica L. is an edible and medicinal woody plant of the legume family. Aside from the well‐known flower and fruit parts, the branches, leaves, roots, and its parasitic fungi contain various bioactive compounds. Besides being consumed as a ready‐to‐eat food, S. japonica is generally processed into extracts and bioactive compounds for use as food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products. Various extraction and separation techniques have been applied to obtain bioactive compounds from S. japonica. However, details of the extraction and separation techniques for these compounds, such as the methods, parameters, and corresponding yields, are rarely presented. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the different bioactive compounds of S. japonica, their chemistry, sources, and processing techniques to promote green advanced processing technologies for obtaining them and promote the development of S. japonica bioactive compounds as commercial products for the food and healthcare sector.
Sensory properties of selected biofortified common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in Burundi
Authors: Muroki Mary W. , Waswa Lydiah M. , Fungo Robert , Kabwama Andrew , Eric Nduwarugira , Nepomuscene Ntukamazina , Ndabashinze Blaise , Mahungu Symon M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dry common bean is an important grain legume used for human consumption worldwide. In Eastern Africa, Burundi has a significantly high per capita consumption of the crop. There has been significant research on the underlying agronomic traits of dry biofortified common beans, such as disease resistance. However, there is limited systematic information describing the sensory properties of these bean varieties, particularly in Burundi. This study evaluated the sensory properties of eight cooked dry biofortified common bean varieties using a panel of fifty‐four (fourteen plus forty) persons for descriptive sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability tests. Kinure, a traditional non‐biofortified common bean variety, was the control. Based on differences in the attributes of the bean varieties, two‐dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) explained 58.94% of the variation. The attributes of astringency, consistency, color, juiciness, beany aroma, stickiness, and bean size contributed mostly to the differentiation of the bean varieties. A 95% PCA prediction ellipse displayed stronger congruity in the descriptive attributes of NUV130, NUV91, RWV1129, RWV1272, and RWR2245. In contrast, a deviation in the descriptive attributes of MAC44, MAC70, and RWR2154 was discerned. Regarding consumer acceptability tests, the varieties RWR2245 and MAC44 garnered significantly higher (p < .05) sensory scores on color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Therefore, the physical traits of cooked biofortified common bean varieties are a major contributor to varietal disparities in consumer acceptance studies. These parameters can greatly impact the adoption of dry biofortified common beans and could be of concern to common bean breeders.
Physicochemical synergistic adsorption of CO2 by PEI‐impregnated hierarchical porous polymers
Authors: Li Lanxin , Luo Zhibo , Zou Wei , Liang Shengke , Wang Hong , Zhang Chen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmine‐functionalized porous polymers have been considered as a prominent chemical adsorption material for carbon capture and storage (CCS) process, because of their large adsorption capacity and high selectivity. By comparison, the low energy‐consumption for desorption and high recyclability are the advantages of the physical adsorption approach. In this work, an amine‐functionalized hierarchical porous polymer was prepared by HIPE (high internal phase emulsions) template and amine impregnation strategy, and applied as CO2 adsorbent to realize chemical adsorption and physical adsorption simultaneously. First, a hierarchical porous matrix of poly(styrene‐glycidyl methacrylate) was prepared by the HIPE method. The formed meso/micropores in the typical porous polymer matrix could attract CO2 molecules, where the physical adsorption was achieved. Subsequently, PEI (polyethyleneimine) was impregnated into the porous polymer with abundant macropores, and the numerous of amino groups provided the reaction sites, where the chemical adsorption was achieved. As a result, an effective CO2 adsorption material was obtained via controlling the porous structure by changing the volume fraction of dispersive phase, impregnation condition and amine loading. Aided by the chemical adsorption of amino groups, the CO2 adsorption capacity of the obtained adsorbent reached 3.029 mmol/g. Moreover, the CO2 adsorption thermodynamics confirmed the physicochemical synergistic adsorption, and then the Qst reduced to 31–42 kJ/mol and a good cyclic stability was obtained. As conclusion, the porous adsorbent showed a good industrial application prospect. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An equity‐driven ecological model for internationalizing doctoral student research training
Authors: Vital Louise Michelle , Yao Christina W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe global academic community is increasingly connected, which has implications for the internationalization of doctoral education. In our previous work, we presented a theoretical approach to doctoral student research training using an ecological theory that provided considerations for individual and programmatic practice. Though our proposed model for doctoral research training is still relevant and valuable, we recognize there is missing a layer of criticality in that framework that would allow for more nuance in doctoral research preparation for international contexts. In this chapter, we apply an equity‐driven lens to our model that accounts for a critical global perspective that was absent in our previous writing. We argue that power and privilege are inherent in all relational aspects of ecological theories and must be included in doctoral research preparation. Thus, we offer recommendations for addressing these issues for the individual doctoral student as well as the faculty and programs that train them and guide their research endeavors.Practical Takeaways
Inequities are ingrained in all aspects of higher education; thus, we must critically examine how we approach research and scholarship through each system in the ecology of doctoral education.
Faculty have a responsibility to prepare students to respond to global challenges, including how racial, colonial, political, and economic hierarchies inform current international research practices.
We advocate for the application of an equity‐driven lens to an ecological model for doctoral student international research training.
We recommend an equity‐driven, global ecological perspective in approaches to doctoral education broadly, including discipline‐specific courses, mentoring relationships, and graduate assistantships.
Alternative splicing generates a novel ferroportin isoform with a shorter C‐terminal and an intact iron‐ and hepcidin‐binding property
Authors: Juneja Pallavi , Rashid Naira , Abul Qais Faizan , Tanwar Supriya , Sultan Insha , Ahmad Faizan , Rehman Sayeed ur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFerroportin (FPN) is a transmembrane protein and is the only known iron exporter that helps in maintaining iron homeostasis in vertebrates. To maintain stable iron equilibrium in the body, ferroportin works in conjunction with a peptide called hepcidin. In this study, we have identified an alternatively spliced novel isoform of the human SLC40A1 gene, which encodes for the FPN protein and is found to be expressed in different tissues. The novel transcript has an alternate last exon and encodes 31‐amino acid long peptide sequence that replaces 104 amino acids at C‐terminal in the novel transcript. Molecular modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed key structural features of the novel isoform (FPN‐N). FPN‐N was predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains similar to the reported isoform (FPN), despite being much smaller in size. FPN‐N was found to interact with hepcidin, a key regulator of ferroportin activity. Also, the iron‐binding sites were retained in the novel isoform as revealed by the MD simulation of FPN‐N in bilipid membrane. The novel isoform identified in this study may play important role in iron homeostasis. However, further studies are required to characterize the FPN‐N isoform and decipher its role inside the cell.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the 15‐item Need for Closure Scale: Scale validation and associations with mental health
Authors: Hang Yaming , Wang Ziyi , Roets Arne , Zong Min , Bu Rui , Feng Yi , Qiao Zhihong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeed for closure (NFC) has been found to be implicated in different forms of psychopathology. The 15‐item Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) is an efficient and easy tool for assessing individuals' NFC in Western contexts. However, the psychometric properties of the 15‐item NFCS have not yet been validated in Chinese populations.MethodsTwo different samples of university students from China were recruited in this study. The first sample (N = 5080, 49.9% females) was used to conduct exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The second sample (N = 3968, 64.2% females) was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and bifactor models, followed by tests of measurement invariance and criterion validity.ResultsThe full scale showed good internal consistency. The bifactor‐ESEM result with a general factor and four specific factors was chosen as our final model. Strong measurement invariance across sex and ethnicity groups was supported. Evidence was obtained for the criterion validity of NFCS scores with respect to depression, anxiety, and psychological distress.ConclusionThe Chinese NFCS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the NFC, which could promote both the assessment and research of the NFC in Chinese populations.
The correlation between the iodine value of coconut shell carbon and their reaction performance for NO2 to NO
Authors: Mu Shifang , Wang Hongliang , Wang Yan , Gu Junchao , Weng Yujing , Sun Qi , Zhang Yulong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe precise detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) requires the conversion of NO2 to nitric oxide (NO) using a molybdenum conversion furnace. Currently, molybdenum wire is utilized as the conversion agent for the molybdenum furnace; however, the high operating temperature of the molybdenum wire can inadvertently convert ammonia (NH3) in industrial exhaust gas to NO, potentially impacting the accuracy of the detection process. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop low‐temperature conversion agents. The study aims to establish a correlation between the iodine value, which characterizes the liquid‐phase adsorption properties of activated carbon (AC), and its capacity for NO2 conversion, with the potential to provide valuable theoretical insights supporting the development of commercial molybdenum furnace conversion agents.RESULTSThe iodine value of coconut shell carbon (C) is closely related to their reaction performance for NO2‐to‐NO among three samples with different iodine values. AC‐900, AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 exhibited notable NO2‐to‐NO conversion capabilities. Specifically, AC‐900 demonstrated significantly superior reaction performance compared to AC‐1200 and AC‐1500. Under conditions of 175 °C and 1 L min−1, the NO2 conversion rates for AC‐900, AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 were measured at 97.3%, 88.2% and 86.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the evaluation of AC‐1200 and AC‐1500 at different flow rates at 125 °C revealed a decrease in NO2 conversion with increasing gas flow rate. AC‐1200 exhibited better reaction performance compared to AC‐1500.CONCLUSIONThe structure–activity relationship between iodine value of coconut shell C and their NO2‐to‐NO performance is revealed. The capacity of AC to convert NO2 is significantly influenced by the presence of oxygen (O) functional groups and the proportion of micropores. The content of micropores and O‐containing functional groups, especially phenolic hydroxyl groups, decreases with the increase of iodine value, leading to a decrease in the reaction performance of the conversion agent. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Protective effect of bioactive components from Rubi fructus against oxidative damage in human ovarian granulosa cells induced by 2,2‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Li Xusheng , Liu Ruijing , Huang Xin , Yang Yiting , Yuan Jingquan , Zhang Ying , Sun Jianxia , Bai Weibin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiminished ovarian reserve has a serious impact on female reproduction with an increasing incidence every year. An important cause of this is oxidative stress. Rubi fructus, a traditional medicinal and edible plant, has shown therapeutic effects against gynecological diseases. Vanillic acid, isoquercitrin, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside, oleanolic acid, tormentic acid, tiliroside, and ellagic acid are the major bioactive components in R. fructus. However, studies involved in the effectiveness and mechanism of these components in oxidative stress‐induced ovarian dysfunction are scarce.RESULTSIn this study, the protective mechanisms of the bioactive components were evaluated in human ovarian granulosa cells. Isoquercitrin was significantly superior to other bioactive components in relieving damage in human ovarian granulosa cells induced by 2,2‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, considering enhanced cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential level. Isoquercitrin protected human ovarian granulosa cells from oxidative stress by regulating the enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase, inhibiting cell apoptosis, improving the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, and ameliorating heme oxygenase 1 protein expression.CONCLUSIONIsoquercitrin, a bioactive component in R. fructus, has a significant protective effect on oxidative damage induced by 2,2‐azobis (2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride in human ovarian granulosa cells, providing evidence for its potential application in protecting ovarian function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.