bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vWF‐regulating angiogenesis in cyclic corpus luteum of Indian buffalo
Authors: Kapoor Kritima , Singh Opinder , Pathak Devendra , Sethi Ram Saran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe present study was conducted to localize the immunoexpression of VEGF‐A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in corpora lutea of healthy buffaloes (24) collected from local slaughterhouses. CL collected were categorized into early (stage I, 1–5 days, n = 6), mid (stage II, 6–11 days, n = 6), late luteal phase (stage III, 12 to 16 days, n = 6) and regressing phase (stage IV, 17 to 20 days, n = 6). The percent positive immunostaining for VEGF‐A was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in mid‐luteal phase than the other three stages of CL. However, it was higher in early luteal phase as well indicated intense angiogenesis in both early and mid‐luteal phases. The number of capillary endothelium expressing vWF was significantly (p < 0.05) highest in mid‐luteal phase among all the phases. However, in late luteal phase, the percent area positive for VEGF‐A immunostaining was reduced but it was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than corpus albicans phase. Thus, in regressing phase or corpus albicans, it was lowest and reduced considerably. However, in late luteal phase, the number of capillaries with vWF immunoexpression reduced significantly (p < 0.05) but it was lowest in corpus albicans phase. Therefore, the immunotaining pattern for VEGF‐A and vWF concluded that there was a spositive linear correlation between the two, that is, as the VEGF‐A expression was increased, the number of vWF positive capillaries also increased and vice versa. The VEGF‐A expressed by the luteal parenchyma in different stages of development and regression of corpus luteum was thus observed to be involved in promoting the angiogenesis and luteal cell proliferation as supported by vWF expressed by endothelium of proliferating capillaries in buffalo corpus luteum throughout the estrous cycle.
Danish children with ZZ‐homozygous alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency are more affected on liver parameters than children with heterozygosity
Authors: Winther Christina Louise , Nyrann Sofie , Gaardskaer Nielsen Rasmus , Duno Morten , Johansen Klaus Birkelund , Helt Thora Wesenberg , Brix Christensen Vibeke 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe longitudinal health status of Danish children with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency had never previously been characterised. This study aimed to assess the changes in growth, lung and liver function through childhood in these children.MethodsDanish children diagnosed between 2005 and 2020 with pathogenic variants in the Serpin family A member 1 gene were included. Retrospective data on growth, lung and liver parameters were obtained from local databases. Anthropometric Z‐scores and composite liver scores were computed. Growth and blood results were analysed using robust linear mixed models.ResultsThe study included 184 children (68 with ZZ‐homozygosity, 116 with heterozygosity). The median follow‐up time was 7 years [IQR 3.75–9.00] for children with ZZ‐homozygosity and 0.5 years [IQR 0.0–2.0] for children with heterozygosity. Both groups had low weight‐for‐height Z‐scores at diagnosis but experienced catch‐up growth during the first year of life. In addition, children with ZZ‐homozygosity had higher serum concentrations of γ‐glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase throughout childhood, when compared with children with heterozygosity. Data proved insufficient to assess lung function properly.ConclusionChildren with ZZ‐homozygosity were more affected on serum liver parameters throughout childhood when compared with children with heterozygosity. Both groups experienced catch‐up growth during the first year of life.
Editorial: Assessing advanced fibrosis in metabolic‐associated steatotic liver disease—the MAFLD fibrosis score. Authors' reply
Authors: Cheung Johnny T. K. , Chan Wah Kheong , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun 
Published: November 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Cheung et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17722 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17744
A critical review of risk‐sensitive foraging
Authors: Houston Alasdair I. , Rosenström Tom H. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTForaging is risk sensitive if choices depend on the variability of returns from the options as well as their mean return. Risk‐sensitive foraging is important in behavioural ecology, psychology and neurophysiology. It has been explained both in terms of mechanisms and in terms of evolutionary advantage. We provide a critical review, evaluating both mechanistic and evolutionary accounts. Some derivations of risk sensitivity from mechanistic models based on psychophysics are not convincing because they depend on an inappropriate use of Jensen's inequality. Attempts have been made to link risk sensitivity to the ecology of a species, but again these are not convincing. The field of risk‐sensitive foraging has provided a focus for theoretical and empirical work and has yielded important insights, but we lack a simple and empirically defendable general account of it in either mechanistic or evolutionary terms. However, empirical analysis of choice sequences under theoretically motivated experimental designs and environmental settings appears a promising avenue for mapping the scope and relative merits of existing theories. Simply put, the devil is in the sequence.
Basic income and the labour market: Labour supply, precarious work and technological change
Authors: Green David A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the relationship between a basic income as a policy tool and the functioning of the labour market. I focus on three key areas where a basic income has been hypothesized to relate to labour markets: (i) through altering work decisions, (ii) as a response to predicted changes in work arising from technological change and (iii) as backstop that would allow workers to demand better working conditions and higher wages. I provide answers on the role or impact of a basic income in each area in the context of the current Canadian labour market. But a key focus in the paper is on the ways we could alter our labour market models to provide a better basis for debating the impacts of policies like a basic income in the context of a goal of moving toward a more just society.
Regulating the wild west? Management consulting reform in Canadian government
Authors: Zaman Sahar , Howlett Michael , Migone Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlobally, the increased reliance on consultants and contract employees has raised many concerns vis‐à‐vis more traditional “in‐house” provision. One such concern is the manner in which consultants have been displacing traditional advisors in important aspects of government business while others raise issues with the quality of services rendered and the (undue) influence of the advice tendered. This trend has fuelled research in political science, management, public administration, and public policy chronicling the possible rise of a “consultocracy” and leading to calls in many countries for better regulation of consultants, who currently exist almost everywhere in an unregulated “wild west.” We examine the Canadian situation, the current lack of regulation of policy and management consultants, and prospects for reform, drawing on contract data, interviews with consultants and government employers as well as comparisons with the situation in other countries like the UK. We argue that establishing a more professional licensing and credentialing system for the consulting industry through a regulatory intermediary would improve the efficiency of its services and allay many of the concerns raised.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) downregulates mRNA levels of suppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI) variants in cortical neurons
Authors: Ihara Daisuke , Mizukoshi Miho , Tabuchi Akiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSuppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI) acts as a transcriptional repressor of serum response factor (SRF)‐mediated gene expression by binding to megakaryoblastic leukemia (MKL)/myocardin‐related transcription factor (MRTF), which is an SRF transcriptional coactivator. Growing evidence suggests that SCAI is a negative regulator of neuronal morphology, whereas MKL2/MRTFB is a positive regulator. The mRNA expression of SCAI is downregulated during brain development, suggesting that a reduction in SCAI contributes to the reduced suppression of SRF‐mediated gene induction, thus increasing dendritic complexity and developing neuronal circuits. In the present study, we hypothesized that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is important for neuronal plasticity and development, might alter SCAI mRNA levels. We therefore investigated the effects of BDNF on SCAI mRNA levels in primary cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, because alternative splicing generates several SCAI variants in the brain, we measured SCAI variant mRNA after BDNF stimulation. Both SCAI variant 1 and total SCAI mRNA expression levels were downregulated by BDNF. Moreover, the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway was involved in the BDNF‐mediated decrease in SCAI mRNA expression. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying a neurotrophic factor switch for the repressive transcriptional complex that includes SCAI.
Sesamin inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates LPS‐induced osteolysis via suppression of ERK and NF‐κB signalling pathways
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Hu Jiawei , Yang Xinming , Xu Qiang , Chen Hangjun , Zhan Ping , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfection by bacterial products in the implant and endotoxin introduced by wear particles activate immune cells, enhance pro‐inflammatory cytokines production, and ultimately promote osteoclast recruitment and activity. These factors are known to play an important role in osteolysis as well as potential targets for the treatment of osteolysis. Sesamin has been shown to have a variety of biological functions, such as inhibiting inflammation, anti‐tumour and involvement in the regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. However, the therapeutic effect of sesamin on osteolysis and its mechanism remain unclear. Present studies shown that in the condition of in vitro, sesamin could inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, as well as suppressing the expression of osteoclast‐specific genes. Further studies on the mechanism suggest that the effect of sesamin on human osteoclasts was mediated by blocking the ERK and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Besides, sesamin was found to be effective in treating LPS‐induced osteolysis by decreasing the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in vivo. Sesamin was non‐toxic to heart, liver, kidney, lung and spleen. Therefore, sesamin is a promising phytochemical agent for the therapy of osteolysis‐related diseases caused by inflammation and excessive osteoclast activation.
Literature review of adverse events associated with cryolipolysis
Authors: Deligonul Fatma Zeynep , Yousefian Faraz , Gold Michael H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryolipolysis is a noninvasive procedure for localized fat reduction and body contouring. This technique utilizes controlled cooling to induce adipocyte apoptosis without damage to overlying skin and other tissue. Although the procedure was once thought to be relatively harmless, recent studies have shed light on the risks of adverse effects (AEs).AimsThe aim of this article was to review AEs in cryolipolysis as published in clinical data.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, using relevant keywords such as “cryolipolysis,” “CoolSculpting,” “adverse effects,” “complications,” and “side effects” with no set data range. The search was limited to studies published in English. The selected studies encompassed a variety of study designs, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, case series, case reports, and reviews.ConclusionsSince its FDA approval in 2010, our understanding of the potential risks and complications associated with cryolipolysis has grown significantly, and shown that the procedure may not be as harmless as once thought. Continued post‐market surveillance of cryolipolysis devices combined with documenting of AE cases help providers better understand the true risks associated with this procedure. As “cryolipolysis” and “CoolSculpting” are often used interchangeably, further research is needed to understand if AEs such as paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) that occur both inside and outside the United States are CoolSculpting cases or linked to other devices. Additionally, further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology of such sequelae as PAH, and to better recognize the risks and potential complications associated with cryolipolysis so that we can more accurately inform patients.
The impact of past childhood adversity and recent life events on neural responses during fear conditioning
Authors: Kampa Miriam , Stark Rudolf , Klucken Tim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMany studies have shown that exposure to life events can have a negative impact on mental health. Life events like the death of a spouse or the birth of a child pose a challenge and require temporal or permanent adjustments. Meta‐analyses on brain stress responses found bilateral anterior insula activation in response to acute stress. Fear conditioning is assumed a crucial mechanism for the development of anxiety disorders associated with increased activation in the bilateral amygdala. Empirical evidence is lacking regarding the relationship of exposure to recent life events and past childhood adversity with neural processing during fear conditioning.MethodsIn the present study, we analyzed data from 103 young, healthy participants. Multiple linear regressions were performed on functional magnetic resonance imaging activation during fear conditioning with the Life Events Scale for Students and the Childhood Trauma questionnaire included as covariates in two separate models.ResultsWe found a positive relationship between the number of life events in the last year and left amygdala activation to the conditioned stimulus. A second finding was a positive relationship between childhood adversity and right anterior insula response to the unconditioned stimulus.ConclusionsMany studies have shown increased amygdala activity after stressful life events. In addition, the anterior insula is activated during acute stress. The present study points to stressor‐induced increased salience processing during fear conditioning. We suggest that this could be a potential mechanism for resilience versus mental illness.
Olivine microstructure and thermometry in olivine‐phyric shergottites Sayh al Uhaymir 005 and Dar al Gani 476
Authors: Jennings Eleanor S. , Coull Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOlivine‐phyric shergottites are relatively young Martian meteorites that resemble primitive mantle‐derived melts, so offer insight into the causes of recent magmatism on Mars. The Al‐in‐olivine geothermometer offers the potential to examine (near‐)liquidus melt temperatures. However, the ubiquitous shock features in most Martian meteorites, caused by high‐energy impacts, can change the structure and composition of olivine crystals, making the applicability of mineral geothermometry methods uncertain. This study examines microstructure and mineral chemistry in two shocked primitive, depleted olivine‐phyric shergottites, Sayh al Uhaymir (SaU) 005 and Dar al Gani (DaG) 476. DaG 476 is unsuitable for Al‐in‐olivine thermometry because of the presence of difficult‐to‐observe but pervasive networks of undulating veins in olivine down to sub‐micron sizes, caused by melting and providing pathways for cation diffusion. In contrast, SaU 005 can be used for Al‐in‐olivine thermometry despite the presence of conjugate shear and fracture sets and micron‐scale cpx‐spinel exsolution. The average crystallization temperature of Fo>70 olivine in SaU 005, 1380°C, is near‐identical to the average temperature of new and published Fo>70 data from all olivine‐phyric shergottites. When corrected for equilibrium with mantle olivine (Fo80) this corresponds to a mantle temperature of approximately 1500°C, 130°C hotter than ambient Martian mantle when shergottites formed. Shergottites were generated by melting within a moderately hot mantle plume or thermal anomaly, in support of other evidence that the Martian mantle is actively convecting. However, it does not support the extremely high potential temperatures estimated for the shergottite source by a whole‐rock petrological method.
Management of unilateral craniofacial microsomia with orthopaedic functional appliances: A systematic literature review
Authors: Aiyar Akila , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Resnick Cory M. , Nørholt Sven Erik , Verna Carlalberta , Stoustrup Peter Bangsgaard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to summarize current knowledge regarding the use of orthopaedic functional appliances (OFA) in managing unilateral craniofacial microsomia (UCM). The eligibility criteria for the review were (1) assessing use of OFA as a stand‐alone treatment and (2) using OFA in combination during or after MDO. The PICO (population, intervention, comparison and outcome) format formulated clinical questions with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. No limitations concerning language and publication year were applied. Information sources: A literature search of Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science databases without restrictions up to 30 September 2022. The risk of bias was assessed. According to Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines, two independent authors conducted data extraction. The level of evidence for included articles was evaluated based on the Oxford evidence‐based medicine database. Due to the heterogeneity of studies and insufficient data for statistical pooling, meta‐analysis was not feasible. Therefore, the results were synthesized narratively. A total of 437 articles were retrieved. Of these, nine met inclusion criteria: five assessing OFA and four assessing OFA during or after MDO. There is limited evidence to suggest that stand‐alone and combination treatment with OFA is beneficial for treating mild‐to‐moderate UCM‐related dentofacial deformities in short term. No studies assessed the burden of care. In the management of UCM, there is insufficient evidence supporting the efficacy of OFA as a stand‐alone treatment or when combined with MDO. Additionally, there is a lack of evidence regarding treatment protocols and the effect on the condyles and the TMJ. The study was registered at Prospero database number CRD42020204969.
Improving nutrition care and diet intake for hospitalised older people at risk of malnutrition through a nurse‐driven mealtime assistance bundle
Authors: Zhang Di , Tay Laura Bee Gek , Lim Su Fee , Ang Joyce Yee Hui , Tong Cherie Chung Yan , Tang Clarissa Yoke Leng , Brennan‐Cook Jill 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor dietary intake is common in hospitalised older people. A targeted mealtime intervention is needed to improve nutrition care and dietary intake, especially for those at risk of malnutrition.ObjectivesThis quality improvement project designed, implemented and evaluated a mealtime assistance bundle consisting of care measures driven by the hospital nursing team. The aims were to improve the mealtime care process to promote dietary intake of the hospitalised older people and to improve nursing staff's knowledge, attitude and practice in malnutrition.MethodsThis project adopted a pre–post design, targeting older people aged 65 years and above, who were admitted to a general medical unit in a regional hospital in Singapore. A mealtime assistance bundle consisting of seven care measures, using the acronym CANFEED, was implemented for older adults at risk of malnutrition. Outcome measures on the amount of dietary intake during meals through chart reviews and surveys of nursing staff using Malnutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and perceived Practices (M‐KAP) questionnaire were performed before and after implementation.ResultsThere were fewer older adults with poor intake in the post‐implementation group than the pre‐implementation group. Among those at risk of malnutrition, older adults in the post‐implementation group had higher average intake of all provided meals as well as the protein‐dense main dish. Significant improvements were noted in the total scores rated by the nursing staff in both the Knowledge‐Attitude subscale and Practice subscale of the M‐KAP questionnaire.ConclusionsIntegrating a nurse‐driven mealtime assistance bundle into usual care may have positive outcomes on nutritional intake of hospitalised older people at risk of malnutrition, and on knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital nurses in nutrition care.Implications for PracticeNurses play a critical role in nutrition care for hospitalised older people. Continuing efforts to improve nutritional intake of hospitalised older people should focus on staff education, building a multidisciplinary food‐promoting culture and patient, family and community empowerment. More efficient clinical processes incorporating information technology with the EMR to support better nutrition care of the hospitalised older people are needed.
Limited clinical role of blood eosinophil levels in early life atopic disease: A mother–child cohort study
Authors: Jensen Signe Kjeldgaard , Melgaard Mathias Elsner , Pedersen Casper‐Emil Tingskov , Yang Luo , Vahman Nilo , Thyssen Jacob P. , Schoos Ann‐Marie M. , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans , Chawes Bo , Bønnelykke Klaus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlood eosinophil count is a well‐established biomarker of atopic diseases in older children and adults. However, its predictive role for atopic diseases in preschool children is not well established.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between blood eosinophil count in children and development of atopic diseases up to age 6 years.MethodsWe investigated blood eosinophil count at age 18 months and 6 years in relation to recurrent wheeze/asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization during the first 6 years of life in the two Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood cohorts (n = 1111). Blood eosinophil count was investigated in association with remission of existing atopic disease, current atopic disease, and later development of atopic disease.ResultsBlood eosinophil count at 18 months was not associated with current wheezing/asthma or atopic dermatitis, while blood eosinophil count at age 6 years was associated with increased occurrence of current wheezing/asthma (OR = 1.1; 1.04–1.16, p = .0005), atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.06; 1.01–1.1, p = .02), and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.11; 1.05–1.18, p = .0002). Blood eosinophil count at 18 months did not predict persistence or development of recurrent wheeze/asthma or atopic dermatitis at age 6 years.ConclusionBlood eosinophil count at 18 months was not associated with current wheezing/asthma or atopic dermatitis and did not predict persistence or development of disease. This implies a limited clinical role of blood eosinophil levels in early‐life atopic disease and questions the clinical value of blood eosinophil counts measured in toddlers as a predictive biomarker for subsequent atopic disease in early childhood.