bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards developing an intervention to support periodic health checks for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Striving for health equity
Authors: McNeil Karen , Achenbach Jillian , Lawson Beverley , Delahunty‐Pike Alannah , Barber Brittany , Diepstra Heidi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Canadian Consensus Guidelines for Primary Care of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities recommends conducting periodic health checks in primary care, uptake is lacking. This study seeks to understand factors influencing the conduct of periodic health checks and identify what needs to change to increase them.MethodQualitative data from five stakeholder groups (adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, primary care providers, administrative staff, family, disability support workers) was guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and ‘what needs to change’ to support periodic health checks.ResultsStakeholders (n = 41) voiced multiple barriers. A total of 31 common and 2 unique themes were identified plus 33 items ‘needing to change’.ConclusionDespite barriers, stakeholders saw merit in periodic health checks as a preventative and equitable healthcare offering for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Results will inform future intervention development steps.
DNMT3a‐mediated methylation of PPARγ promote intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Cheng Peng , Wei Hang‐Zhi , Chen Hai‐Wei , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Mao Peng , Zhang Hai‐Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic low back pain and imposes an immense financial strain on patients. The pathological mechanisms underlying IVDD have not been fully elucidated. The development of IVDD is closely associated with abnormal epigenetic changes, suggesting that IVDD progression may be controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the role of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a)‐mediated methylation and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition, in IVDD development. The expression of DNMT3a and PPARγ in early and late IVDD of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses. Cellularly, DNMT3a inhibition significantly inhibited IL‐1β‐induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in rat NP cells. Pretreatment with T0070907, a specific inhibitor of PPARγ, significantly reversed the anti‐apoptotic and ECM degradation effects of DNMT3a inhibition. Mechanistically, DNMT3a modified PPARγ promoter hypermethylation to activate the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway. DNMT3a inhibition alleviated IVDD progression. Conclusively, the results of this study show that DNMT3a activates the NF‐κB pathway by modifying PPARγ promoter hypermethylation to promote apoptosis and ECM degradation. Therefore, we believe that the ability of DNMT3a to mediate the PPARγ/NF‐κB axis may provide new ideas for the potential pathogenesis of IVDD and may become an attractive target for the treatment of IVDD.
Life cycles and challenges for fish species that breed in South African estuaries
Authors: Whitfield Alan K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe literature currently recognizes four guilds of estuarine resident fish species, namely solely estuarine, estuarine and marine, estuarine and freshwater, and estuarine migrant. In this review the life cycles of actual representatives from these four guilds are assessed to determine whether the current definitions, which have never been formally tested, are appropriate to fish species resident in South African estuaries. Detailed information and diagrammatic life cycles are provided for the selected species covered by this review. A potential new estuarine resident guild category is also identified, namely, those taxa that are primarily estuarine but also have subpopulations recorded in both adjacent marine and freshwater habitats. The full range of reproductive characteristics employed by estuary resident species is examined, ranging from live bearers, pouch and nest brooders, to a suite of oviparous taxa that attach their ova to estuarine rocks, shells, and submerged vegetation, all of which assists with larval retention within the estuarine environment. The small size and early reproductive maturity of most estuarine resident species is highlighted, with reduced vulnerability to predation in shallow, sheltered, often turbid estuary waters offering considerable protection during spawning events when compared to the open ocean. In addition, these small fish would not have to move considerable distances at any stage of their life cycle, since egg, larval, juvenile, and adult stages all occur in the same place. The existence of contingent subpopulations within many estuarine resident species is noted, physico‐chemical stresses on these species are highlighted, and the eurytopic nature of these small fish taxa emphasized.
Environmental correlates of adaptive diversification in postglacial freshwater fishes
Authors: Tiddy Isabelle C. , Schneider Kevin , Elmer Kathryn R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDetermining how environmental conditions contribute to divergence among populations and drive speciation is fundamental to resolving mechanisms and understanding outcomes in evolutionary biology. Postglacial freshwater fish species in the Northern Hemisphere are ideal biological systems to explore the effects of environment on diversification in morphology, ecology, and genetics (ecomorph divergences) within lakes. To date, various environmental factors have been implicated in the presence of multiple ecomorphs within particular lakes or regions. However, concerted evidence for generalizable patterns in environmental variables associated with speciation across geographical regions and across species and genera has been lacking. Here, we aimed to identify key biotic and abiotic factors associated with ecological divergence of postglacial freshwater fish species into multiple sympatric ecomorphs, focusing on species in the well‐studied, widespread, and co‐distributed genera Gasterosteus, Salvelinus, and Coregonus (stickleback, charr, and whitefish, respectively). We found that the presence of multiple sympatric ecomorphs tended to be associated with increasing lake surface area, maximum depth, and nutrient availability. In addition, predation, competition, and prey availability were suggested to play a role in divergence into multiple ecomorphs, but the effects of biotic factors require further study. Although we identified several environmental factors correlated with the presence of multiple ecomorphs, there were substantial data gaps across species and regions. An improved understanding of these systems may provide insight into both generalizable environmental factors involved in speciation in other systems, and potential ecological and evolutionary responses of species complexes when these variables are altered by environmental change.
The effect of temporomandibular joint dysfunction on the craniocervical mandibular system: A retrospective study
Authors: Öztürk Kübra , Danışman Hikmetnur , Akkoca Fatma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders are the most common condition affecting the orofacial region, resulting in pain and dysfunction.ObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate the ambiguous association between cervical features and temporomandibular disorders by measuring the rotations between the skull‐atlas, atlas‐axis and mandible‐atlas and examining the relationship between these rotations and temporomandibular disorders.MethodsCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 176 patients, 97 females and 79 males with an average age of 25.7 years were used in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with joint dysfunction (n = 88) and those without (n = 88). The study employed various methods to determine rotations in the skull‐atlas, atlas‐axis and mandible atlas based on anatomical landmarks and measurements. These methods include the use of specific planes, angles and distances to identify and measure rotation. Data analysis was performed using the TURCOSA statistical software (Turcosa Analytics Ltd Co, Turkey, www.turcosa.com.tr).ResultsThe results showed that the degree of rotation between the skull and the atlas was higher in the TMD group than in the control group (p < .001). Similarly, Atlas‐axis rotation was significantly higher in the TMD group (p < .001). However, no significant difference was found between mandible atlas rotations in the two groups (p = .546). The study also found a significant difference between the direction of rotation between the atlas and axis and the direction of mandible atlas rotation (p < .001) as well as between skull and atlas rotations and mandible‐atlas rotations (p < .001).ConclusionOverall, the study suggests that there is a relationship between the skeletal structures of the cranio‐cervico‐mandibular system and TMD. Skull‐atlas and atlas‐axis rotations may play an important role in the aetiology of TMD in individuals with TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate rotations in the skull‐atlas‐axis region for the treatment of TMD.
Serum asprosin levels are increased in patients with periodontitis and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and correlated with periodontal parameters: A case–control study
Authors: Gül Sema Nur Sevinç , Birdal Oğuzhan , Laloğlu Esra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to investigate whether patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)‐related periodontitis will experience any changes in asprosin levels.BackgroundPeriodontitis is a common, chronic infection of the periodontium that is epidemiologically associated with cardiovascular disease. Although asprosin, a hormone released from adipose tissue, is a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, its effectiveness in periodontitis is unknown.MethodsThe study was conducted on a total of 120 patients, divided into four groups; the group of healthy control (n = 35), the group of periodontitis (n = 35), the group of periodontitis+STEMI (n = 25), and the group of STEMI (n = 25). In each patient, age, serum asprosin, CRP, troponin‐I, and clinical periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)] were evaluated. The results were analyzed statistically.ResultsSerum asprosin, CRP, and troponin‐I levels were statistically higher in the STEMI+periodontitis group compared to the other groups. In addition, as a result of the study, it was observed that there was a correlation between serum asprosin levels, clinical periodontal parameters, and CRP levels.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that STEMI and periodontitis are associated with high asprosin levels. Since the risk of periodontitis is high in STEMI patients, periodontitis should also be considered when evaluating asprosin levels in STEMI patients.
Evaluation of a School‐Based Attention Training Program for Improving Sustained Attention
Authors: Slattery Eadaoin J. , Ryan Patrick , Fortune Donal G. , McAvinue Laura P. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the impact of a theory‐driven cognitive attention training program, Keeping Score!, in improving students' sustained attention capacity. Training was based on sustained updating. Students engaged this process by mentally keeping score during an interactive game of table tennis without external aids. Students (9–11 years) were assigned to a 6‐week training program (n = 18) or an active control (n = 18). Assessments of sustained attention/working memory and parent ratings of executive function were completed at pretraining, post‐training, and 6‐week follow‐up. We found no evidence to support the efficacy of training (i.e., there was no statistically significant time × group interaction effects for any outcome). Overall, these findings add to the mixed body of literature supporting the efficacy of cognitive attention training for improving children's attentional capacity. One possibility for why the training program was unsuccessful is perhaps that cognitive attention training may not be sufficient for enhancing sustained attention.
Familial oral lichen planus: A new risk group for oral cancer?
Authors: Czerninski Rakefet , Awadieh Zinat , Feldman Svetlana , Keshet Naama , Zlotogorski Abraham , Ramot Yuval 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe familial type of oral lichen planus (OLP) is rare, with a paucity of data regarding its clinical significance. Our objective was to characterize patients with familial OLP.MethodsFamilies with at least two members diagnosed with OLP were included. Clinical and demographic data and medical history were recorded.ResultsTwenty families, 19 Jewish and 1 Arab, were identified. Of the Jewish families, 57.8% were non‐Ashkenazi, originating mainly from central Asia. Of those with OLP there were 14 males and 23 females with an average age of 49.1. Dyslipidemia, cardiovascular, and thyroid disorders (27.7%, 22.2%, and 16.6%, respectively) were the most common comorbidities. Five patients from five distinct families had oral cancer, two with second primary.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study describing familial OLP. The predominant and common ethnicity of the families with multiple members diagnosed with OLP may imply an ethnic tendency. The higher tendency of hypothyroidism and the high percentage of OSCC among familial OLP patients might be connected to familial OLP and the latter suggests that this population is predisposed to malignant transformation. Thus, this group should be considered as a high‐risk group.
Association between periodontal health and trait anxiety in Egyptian women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sharaf Mariam , Badran Amira , Abou El Fadl Reham Khaled 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the relationship between periodontal problems and trait anxiety in a sample of Egyptian women.Materials and MethodsThe Egyptian validated Arabic version of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Trait subscale was used to measure levels of trait anxiety, and the periodontal health status of 451 Egyptian women was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Data were also collected on potential covariates such as age, educational level, marital status, parity, smoking, and oral healthcare‐seeking behavior. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between periodontal diseases and trait anxiety.ResultsAmong study participants, and after adjusting for some of the potential confounders, trait anxiety exhibited weak association with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.11; 95% CI= 1.07, 1.14; p <0.001). Also, old age (OR: 1.12; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.17; p < 0.001) as well as parity (OR: 7.26; 95% CI = 2.89, 18.27; p <0.001) were significantly associated with periodontal problems in the adjusted model.ConclusionWhile the study findings may implicate that personality traits, such as trait anxiety, could be linked to periodontal diseases more research is warranted to confirm or reject this association.
Altered HCAR3 expression may underlying the blunted niacin responses of the psychiatric disorders and the risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Jiang Jie , Wang Dandan , Gao Yan , Sun Liya , Li Shuhui , Hu Xiaowen , Li Zhuyun , Zhang Juan , Ji Feng , Tian Yusheng , Guan Lili , Li Zhiqiang , He Lin , Wan Chunling 
Published: November 2023

AimBlunted niacin response (BNR) was an endophenotype of schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanism remains unclarified. The objective of this study was to verify whether genes associated with BNR pathway constitute the genetic basis and the pathological mechanism of BNR phenotypic psychiatric patients.MethodsTwo independent sample sets consisting of 971 subjects were enrolled in this study. A total of 62 variants were genotyped in the discovery set, then the related variants were verified in the verification set. The published PGC GWAS data were used to validate the associations between the variants and psychiatry disorders. RT‐PCR analysis, eQTL data, and Dual‐Luciferase Reporter experiment were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of the variants underlying BNR.ResultsThe results showed that two SNPs, rs56959712 in HCAR2 and rs2454721 in HCAR3 were significantly associated with niacin response. The risk allele T of rs2454721 could affect the niacin responses of psychiatric patients through elevated HCAR3 gene expression. These two genes, especially HCAR3, were significantly associated with the risk of schizophrenia, as identified in this study and verified using the published GWAS data.ConclusionHCAR3 is a novel schizophrenia susceptibility gene which is significantly associated with blunted niacin response in schizophrenia. In‐depth investigation of HCAR3 is of great significance for uncovering the pathogenesis and propose new therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders, especially for the BNR subgroup patients.
Multidisciplinary management of children with acute liver failure – Report on 104 children treated in single center
Authors: Kaliciński Piotr , Grenda Ryszard , Szymczak Marek , Pietraszek Elżbieta , Pawłowska Joanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is one of the most demanding emergencies in hepatology, intensive care, and for transplant team. This report describes the clinical pattern, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in children with ALF considered at risk of death without liver transplantation, basing on a long‐term experience of the pediatric transplant center.Materials and MethodsBetween 1990 and 2022, 104 children aged 7 days–17 years (median 8 years), with body weight 3.1 to 77 kg (median 32 kg), were qualified for LT due to ALF, and finally 81 (78%) of them were transplanted (9% of all 899 LT performed in children in the same period).ResultsA total of 23 children were not transplanted: 15 (14.4%) died while awaiting transplantation. In 8 (7.7%) patients liver function recovered. Before transplantation 45 (43.3%) children developed circulatory failure, in 66 (63.5%) mechanical ventilation was necessary, 18 patients presented acute kidney injury (17.3%), and encephalopathy higher than stage I was present in 60 (57.7%) patients. In 63 children, various kidney/liver assist procedures were performed: CVVHD (continuous veno‐venous hemodiafiltration in 22 (21.2%) patients, albumin dialysis (MARS; molecular adsorbent recirculating system) in 39 (37.5%) patients, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in 13 (12.5%) patients. Twenty (24.7%) children died after LT including 15 (18.5%) in the early posttransplant period, and 5 (6.1%) in the late follow‐up.ConclusionsTreatment of children with ALF in the peritransplant period is very difficult and require an experienced, multidisciplinary team. Despite continued advances in the care of children with ALF, patient survival remains lower than for elective indications for liver transplantation, and timely qualification and transplantation still are the most important factors of survival of these children.
Hospital and emergency department discharge against medical advice in Western Australian Aboriginal children aged 0–4 years from 2002 to 2018: A cohort study
Authors: Christensen Daniel , Gibberd Alison , McNamara Bridgette , Eades Sandra , Shepherd Carrington , Preen David B. , McAullay Daniel , Strobel Natalie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDischarge against medical advice (DAMA) is a priority issue for the health system. Little is known about the factors associated with DAMA for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) children in Australia.ObjectivesInvestigate the associations between DAMA for hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) presentations and: (i) child, family and episode of service characteristics and (ii) 30‐day readmission/ re‐presentation.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of Aboriginal children born in Western Australia (2002–2013) who had ≥1 hospital admissions (n = 16,931) or ED presentations (n = 26,546) within the first 5 years of life. The outcome of interest was hospital and ED DAMA and adjusted odds ratio were derived using multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression.ResultsIn the Hospital Cohort, there were 43,149 hospitalisations for 16,931 children, with 684 hospitalisations (1.6%) recorded as DAMA. In the ED Cohort, there were 232,082 ED presentations in 26,546 children, with 10,918 ED presentations (4.7%) recorded as DAMA. DAMA occurring in hospitals between 2014 and 2018, the adjusted odds decreased by 75% compared to the period between 2002 and 2005. The adjusted odds of ED DAMA increased by 46% over the same period. Hospital admissions in regional and remote hospitals were almost seven times the adjusted odds of DAMA compared with hospital admissions in Perth metropolitan hospitals. The adjusted odds of ED DAMA decreased by 12% for ED presentations in regional and remote hospitals compared to those in Perth metropolitan hospitals. There was no evidence of hospital DAMA being associated with hospital readmission within 30 days and limited evidence of ED DAMA being associated with re‐presenting to an ED within 30 days.ConclusionsThe study identified several important determinants of DAMA, including admission status, triage status, location and calendar year. These findings could inform targeted measures to decrease DAMA, particularly in regional and remote communities.
Agrivoltaics mitigate drought effects in winter wheat
Authors: Pataczek Lisa , Weselek Axel , Bauerle Andrea , Högy Petra , Lewandowski Iris , Zikeli Sabine , Schweiger Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate change is expected to decrease water availability in many agricultural production areas around the globe. At the same time renewable energy concepts such as agrivoltaics (AV) are necessary to manage the energy transition. Several studies showed that evapotranspiration can be reduced in AV systems, resulting in increased water availability for crops. However, effects on crop performance and productivity remain unclear to date. Carbon‐13 isotopic composition (δ13C and discrimination against carbon‐13) can be used as a proxy for the effects of water availability on plant performance, integrating crop responses over the entire growing season. The aim of this study was to assess these effects via carbon isotopic composition in grains, as well as grain yield of winter wheat in an AV system in southwest Germany. Crops were cultivated over four seasons from 2016–2020 in the AV system and on an unshaded adjacent reference (REF) site. Across all seasons, average grain yield did not significantly differ between AV and REF (4.7 vs 5.2 t ha−1), with higher interannual yield stability in the AV system. However, δ13C as well as carbon‐13 isotope discrimination differed significantly across the seasons by 1‰ (AV: −29.0‰ vs REF: −28.0‰ and AV: 21.6‰ vs REF: 20.6‰) between the AV system and the REF site. These drought mitigation effects as indicated by the results of this study will become crucial for the resilience of agricultural production in the near future when drought events will become significantly more frequent and severe.