bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution model reconstruction and bridge damage detection based on data fusion of unmanned aerial vehicles light detection and ranging data imagery
Authors: Li Hongze , Chen Yanli , Liu Jia , Che Changtong , Meng Ziyao , Zhu Hang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDamage detection is essential for the maintenance of transportation infrastructure that experiences high daily traffic levels in potentially extreme environments and changes in use patterns. However, traditional physical inspection is always labor‐intensive, subjective, and biased, lacking the objective perspective required for a comprehensive and reliable assessment. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combined with emerging high‐performance sensor(s) have been intensively researched. Here, we present an aerial bridge surface survey method that can be used to assess damage. Existing damage detection methods focus on single types of damage and are limited in locating global damage, whereas our method detects two types of damage on the surface and marks them in a panoramic image. The workflow involves three steps: data acquisition using a meticulous UAV flight strategy that covers the entire surface, data processing using image‐based and point‐cloud models after polynomial rectification, and data output (i.e., damage detected by the combined models). To verify the method, a field test detected damage to two real bridges. A UAV equipped with a camera and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) equipment was employed. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is capable of producing accurate outputs and detecting damage with an average position error of 13.37 mm and a relative size error of 25.25%. Owing to the data fusion model taking advantage of two‐dimensional (2D) images and 3D LiDAR data, it outputs a high‐resolution 3D model and avoids environmental disturbances. After decision‐making‐level damage fusion, all position and size properties of damage information are computed into a panoramic damage image. This panoramic image showing all detecting damage helps technicians perform maintenance; the image can be zoomed to focus on any issue individually.
Marginalization and women's healthcare in Ghana: Incorporating colonial origins, unveiling women's knowledge, and empowering voices
Authors: Bawafaa Eunice 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe origins of marginalization in nursing and the health sector in Ghana can be traced to colonialism and how a colonial era laid a solid foundation for inequities and entrenched disparities, as well as the subsequent normalization of marginalizing acts, in the health sector, particularly for women. Drawing upon varied literature over a 60‐year period and perspectives from feminist theory, this paper considers the lasting impact of Ghanaian women's historical position during the colonial era and within the patriarchal system that ensued. Through this process, it becomes possible to shed light on the crucial role that colonialism has played in women's experiences, perspectives, and health‐seeking behaviors, and the manner in which it has created a healthcare sector that marginalizes women's health. Although women possess valuable knowledge which should be an asset to consider when providing healthcare services, marginalization of that knowledge has become normalized across society and the healthcare system. There is an urgent need to disrupt and challenge this normalization, and to advocate empowerment and recognition of women's valuable knowledge and experiences, providing women a voice in health decision‐making discourses and in the research processes by which we understand and develop healthcare. Through this, healthcare in Ghana could become more empowering, inclusive, and responsive to the unique experiences and needs of Ghanaian women. By understanding something of the historical origins of women's health marginalization within colonialism, nurses can begin to appreciate women's knowledge and integrate it into healthcare strategies that are more gender‐sensitive and equitable.
Comparison of Bone‐setting Robots and Conventional Reduction in the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Zhanmin , Zhang Xinan , Wang Yongqing , Hao Xiaohui , Liu Meiyue , Sun Jingtao , Zhao ZhiHui 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveIntertrochanteric fracture of the femur is a common fracture in older people. Due to the poor systemic condition and prognosis of elderly patients, it is prone to more complications. We introduce the bone‐setting concept in the design of the robots, which are used for intertrochanteric fracture of the femur reduction. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of bone‐setting robots and conventional reduction in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur (IFF).MethodsFrom June 2021 to January 2023, 60 patients with IFF who were treated surgically were assigned to bone‐setting robots group and conventional reduction methods group in this retrospective study. The reduction time, operation time, total time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, fluoroscopy time, and the follow‐up time were reviewed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Harris scores were used for functional assessment. For continuous variables, independent t‐tests were applied; for categorical data, the chi‐square test was applied. The significance level as p < 0.05.ResultsAmong the 60 patients with IFF, 31 were assigned to the bone‐setting robots group, and 29 were assigned to the conventional reduction methods group. Both groups with a similar baseline in the number, gender, age, and classification (p > 0.05). The reduction time, operation time, total time, intraoperative blood loss, and fluoroscopy time were less than those in the bone‐setting robots reduction group compared to the conventional reduction group. In the bone‐setting robots reduction group, the preoperative VAS score was 6.2 ± 1.3, the Harris score was 35.3 ± 3.1, 1 week after surgery VAS score was 3.3 ± 1.2, the Harris score was 57.3 ± 3.7, and at the last follow‐up VAS score was 2.4 ± 0.8, and the Harris score was 88.7 ± 3.4. While in the conventional reduction group, the preoperative VAS score was 6.3 ± 1.3, the Harris score was 35.9 ± 2.9, 1 week after surgery VAS score was 4.8 ± 1.4, the Harris score was 46.8 ± 2.8, and at the last follow‐up VAS score was 2.6 ± 0.8, and the Harris score was 87.3 ± 3.3. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the preoperative and 6‐month postoperative follow‐ups in VAS score and Harris score (p > 0.05, p > 0.05, respectively). But the difference was statistically significant at the one‐week postoperative follow‐up in VAS and Harris scores (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe bone‐setting robots can better protect the “fracture environment” and have the advantages of being precise, minimally invasive, simple, short time, low radiation, and rapid fracture recovery. The clinical effect of closed repair of IFF is ideal.
Electrical storm following pregnancy in systemic scleroderma: A case report
Authors: Emkanjoo Zahra , Shirazi Samira , Kamali Farzad , Pouraliakbar Hamid , Nourani Mahsa , Balavandi Firouz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by immune dysfunction, vascular damage, and fibrosis affecting the skin and multiple internal organs, such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In some women with preexisting SSc, pregnancy is associated with negative maternal outcomes. Tachyarrhythmia is a common clinical manifestation of cardiovascular damage in SSc patients. However, few studies have reported the use of catheter ablation and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients with SSc complicated by ventricular tachycardia (VT).CaseA 19‐year‐old woman known case of SSc referred to our center with recurrent VT during pregnancy and after delivery. Two‐dimensional Echocardiogram showed severe systolic dysfunction with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30%. Considering, recurrent VT despite medical treatment and the progressive nature of systemic sclerosis radiofrequency catheter (RF) ablation and ICD implantation were performed.ConclusionWe report a case of systemic sclerosis complicated by VT and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction during pregnancy that was successfully treated with RF ablation.
Repetitive deep TMS in alcohol dependent patients halts progression of white matter changes in early abstinence
Authors: Selim Mohamed Kotb , Harel Maayan , De Santis Silvia , Perini Irene , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Heilig Markus , Zangen Abraham , Canals Santiago 
Published: December 2023

AimAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent form of addiction, with a great burden on society and limited treatment options. A recent clinical trial reported significant clinical benefits of deep transcranial magnetic stimulations (Deep TMS) targeting midline frontocortical areas. However, the underlying biological substrate remained elusive. Here, we report the effect of Deep TMS on the microstructure of white matter.MethodsA total of 37 (14 females) AUD treatment‐seeking patients were randomized to sham or active Deep TMS. Twenty (six females) age‐matched healthy controls were included. White matter integrity was evaluated by fractional anisotropy (FA). Secondary measures included brain functional connectivity and self‐reports of craving and drinking units in the 3 months of follow‐up period.ResultsWhite matter integrity was compromised in patients with AUD relative to healthy controls, as reflected by the widespread reduction in FA. This alteration progressed during early abstinence (3 weeks) in the absence of Deep TMS. However, stimulation of midline frontocortical areas arrested the progression of FA changes in association with decreased craving and relapse scores. Reconstruction of axonal tracts from white‐matter regions showing preserved FA values identified cortical regions in the posterior cingulate and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices where functional connectivity was persistently modulated. These effects were absent in the sham‐stimulated group.ConclusionsBy integrating brain structure and function to characterize the alcohol‐dependent brain, this study provides mechanistic insights into the TMS effect, pointing to myelin plasticity as a possible mediator.
Enhanced Ca2+ binding to EF‐hands through phosphorylation of conserved serine residues activates MpRBOHB and chitin‐triggered ROS production
Authors: Hashimoto Takafumi , Hashimoto Kenji , Shindo Hiroki , Tsuboyama Shoko , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru , Kuchitsu Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNADPH oxidases/RBOHs catalyze apoplastic ROS production and act as key signaling nodes, integrating multiple signal transduction pathways regulating plant development and stress responses. Although RBOHs have been suggested to be activated by Ca2+ binding and phosphorylation by various protein kinases, a mechanism linking Ca2+ binding and phosphorylation in the activity regulation remained elusive. Chitin‐triggered ROS production required cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and Ca2+ binding to MpRBOHB in a liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Heterologous expression analysis of truncated variants revealed that a segment of the N‐terminal cytosolic region highly conserved among land plant RBOHs encompassing the two EF‐hand motifs is essential for the activation of MpRBOHB. Within the conserved regulatory domain, we have identified two Ser residues whose phosphorylation is critical for the activation in planta. Isothermal titration calorimetry analyses revealed that phosphorylation of the two Ser residues increased the Ca2+ binding affinity of MpRBOHB, while Ca2+ binding is indispensable for the activation, even if the two Ser residues are phosphorylated. Our findings shed light on a mechanism through which phosphorylation potentiates the Ca2+‐dependent activation of MpRBOHB, emphasizing the pivotal role of Ca2+ binding in mediating the Ca2+ and phosphorylation‐driven activation of MpRBOHB, which is likely to represent a fundamental mechanism conserved among land plant RBOHs.
Soil health assessment of an acidic red soil agricultural area and its restoration with biochar soil conditioners
Authors: Li Qiang , Jiang Wanting , Lyu Junxiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn light of growing concerns regarding food security and soil health, there is increasing emphasis on the assessment of soil health and efforts to improve or maintain the soil health of cultivated land. This case study Niutian Town in Jiangxi Province in southern China was selected as a typical red soil and a major grain‐producing area. This research involves an integrated evaluation model based on Entropy weight TOPSIS and emergy analysis to assess the soil health of cultivated land. An evaluation system was developed, comprising 31 indicators selected on the basis of resources and environments, with an emphasis on sensitive and promising microorganisms category indicators. Additionally, experiments were conducted to assess the ecological risk of soil pollution and develop novel soil conditioners. Our results indicate that Pb, Hg and Cd present a moderate ecological risk on 92.1% of the cultivated land. Furthermore, 56.8% of the cultivated land was ‘sub‐healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’. Biochar was found to be a soil conditioner with a good adsorption effect, with absorption rates reaching up to 99.9% and 88.3% for Pb and Cd, respectively. Additionally, g‐C3N4 was added to address pesticide contamination, which showed an adsorption rate of up to 75.2% for atrazine. This work develops a targeted remediation approach based on assessment results to address regional cropland soil health issues.
Risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities
Authors: Yin Chaonan , Tang Fang , Lao Jiahui , Yang Yang , Li Mingzhuo , Cao Jia , Song Ru , Wu Peng , Wang Yibing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim of this case–control study was to explore the potential risk factors for venous ulceration in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities and to establish a simplified diagnostic score model. Seventy subjects with varicose veins of lower extremities and venous ulceration were compared with 1164 controls with varicose veins of lower extremities and no history of venous ulceration. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for venous ulceration. The steps in developing the diagnostic score model were based on the Framingham Heart study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the diagnostic ability of the diagnostic score model. Multivariate analysis showed that men, overweight, obesity, longer duration varicose veins, deep venous valve insufficiency, low lymphocyte counts, and high fibrinogen content were independently associated with an increased risk of venous ulceration. The AUC for the diagnostic score model was 0.75, which indicated good discriminatory ability. Special attention should be paid to the high‐risk group of patients with lower extremity varicose veins. The diagnostic score model might be a useful screening tool for clinicians, policy makers, and patients.
Motor Bearing Fault Diagnosis in an Industrial Robot Under Complex Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Gong Tao , Wang Zhongqiu , Ma Qiang , Yang Jianhua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Motor bearing is the key vulnerable part of the servomotor in an industrial robot, which is always arranged at the joint that is the main load area. In the movement process of the robot, motor bearing bears a great impact due to the frequent movement of joints, which is easily damaged. The fault characteristic information of a bearing in these complex conditions shows strong nonstationary characteristics. Early nonstationary fault signals are often weak and submerged in background noise. The nonstationary signal processing method using computed order analysis and the weak signal enhancement method using adaptive stochastic resonance both show good performances for the above problems. Inspired by these, a hybrid diagnosis strategy for motor bearing under these speed conditions is proposed. Firstly, the nonstationary fault signals of the motor bearing are transformed into stationary angular signals via computed order analysis. Then, the fault modes are identified via resonance demodulation and variational mode decomposition in the order spectrum. Finally, adaptive stochastic resonance is used to extract the fault features reflecting the bearing operation state. Two types of typical speed conditions are considered, which are representative of the joint. Numerical simulation analysis and experiments verify the effectiveness of the diagnosis method.
Multiscale Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Network for Surface Damage Detection in Retired Steel Shafts
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Qiu Jiahe , Wang Yujiang , Li Tao , Liu Shujie , Hu Guangda , Xue Lin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The detection of surface damage is an important part of the process before remanufacturing a retired steel shaft (RSS). Traditional damage detection is mainly done manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. In recent years, computer vision methods have been introduced into the community of surface damage detection. However, some advanced typical object detection methods perform poorly in the detection of surface damage on RSS due to the complex surface background and rich diversity of damage patterns and scales. To address these issues, we propose a Faster R-CNN–based surface damage detection method for RSS. To improve the adaptability of the network, we endow it with a feature pyramid network (FPN) as well as adaptable multiscale information modifications to the region proposal network (RPN). In this paper, a detailed study of an FPN-based feature extraction network and the multiscale object detection network is conducted. Experimental results show that our method improves the mean average precision (mAP) score by 8.9% compared with the original Faster R-CNN for surface damage detection of RSS, and the average detection accuracy for small objects is improved by 18.2%. Compared with the current advanced object detection methods, our method is more advantageous for the detection of multiscale objects.
Using AI-Enabled Divergence and Convergence Patterns as a Quantitative Artifact in Design Education
Authors: Chiu Matt , Sim Wang Lin , Mun Nigel , Silva Arlindo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Design education has traditionally relied heavily on physical integration as it involves a lot of hands-on work, group critiques, and collaborative projects, but the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally shifted the way teaching is done, which resulted in many institutions adapting to remote teaching and learning environments. This has created challenges for design educators who have had to find ways to evaluate students’ progress in the absence of in-person interactions. In this paper, we are proposing a dashboard visualization approach that helps educators monitor the progression of the entire class of students using artificial intelligence (AI) by tracking a time-based evolution of a design statement. This approach uses various natural language processing (NLP) models to produce stock-like charts, which represent students’ and student groups’ progression through a series of divergence and convergence phases. These charts become a form of design artifact that allows educator(s) to gain a bird’s-eye view of the class and react to groups that may require assistance; at the same time, it becomes a qualitative means of evaluation and comparison across students and groups. Toward the end, this paper also showcases a web-based platform that is publicly available using such methodology, a case study that applied so methodology and recommendations of future works possible.
High fusion and cytopathy of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.640.1
Authors: Bolland William , Michel Vincent , Planas Delphine , Hubert Mathieu , Staropoli Isabelle , Guivel-Benhassine Florence , Porrot Françoise , N'Debi Mélissa , Rodriguez Christophe , Fourati Slim , Prot Matthieu , Planchais Cyril , Hocqueloux Laurent , Simon-Lorière Etienne , Mouquet Hugo , Prazuck Thierry , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Bruel Timothée , Schwartz Olivier , Buchrieser Julian 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 variants with undetermined properties have emerged intermittently throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Some variants possess unique phenotypes and mutations which allow further characterization of viral evolution and Spike functions. Around 1,100 cases of the B.1.640.1 variant were reported in Africa and Europe between 2021 and 2022, before the expansion of Omicron. Here, we analyzed the biological properties of a B.1.640.1 isolate and its Spike. Compared to the ancestral Spike, B.1.640.1 carried 14 amino acid substitutions and deletions. B.1.640.1 escaped binding by some anti-N-terminal domain and anti-receptor-binding domain monoclonal antibodies, and neutralization by sera from convalescent and vaccinated individuals. In cell lines, infection generated large syncytia and a high cytopathic effect. In primary airway cells, B.1.640.1 replicated less than Omicron BA.1 and triggered more syncytia and cell death than other variants. The B.1.640.1 Spike was highly fusogenic when expressed alone. This was mediated by two poorly characterized and infrequent mutations located in the Spike S2 domain, T859N and D936H. Altogether, our results highlight the cytopathy of a hyper-fusogenic SARS-CoV-2 variant, supplanted upon the emergence of Omicron BA.1. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT04750720.)

IMPORTANCE
Our results highlight the plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike to generate highly fusogenic and cytopathic strains with the causative mutations being uncharacterized in previous variants. We describe mechanisms regulating the formation of syncytia and the subsequent consequences in a primary culture model, which are poorly understood.
Genome sequences of bacteriophage Shambre1 and Renna12, isolated from
Arthrobacter globiformis
Authors: Dojs Madeline , Fleischacker Christine , Ackerman Skylar , Boyle Blaise , Feiring Shambre , Fleischacker Thomas , Frank Jaycee , Jackson Sarah , Schaefbauer Ashlin , Vigness Corinna , Webb Rylie 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophages Shambre1 and Renna12 were isolated from soil in Bismarck, ND, using
Arthrobacter globiformis
. Genomic characterization and analyses allowed Renna12 to be assigned to phage cluster AS3, while Shambre1, which is not closely related to any phage, is a singleton.