bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron Overload Augments 7,12-Dimethyl- benz(a)anthracene-Initiated and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate- Promoted Skin Tumorigenesis
Authors: Rezazadeh Hassan , Julka P.K. , Athar Mohammad 
Published: April 2003

Reactive oxygen species and free radicals have been implicated in the multistep cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis. Much of the experimental evidence in this regard is indirect and is based on observations that prooxidant status usually enhances and antioxidant treatments generally inhibit tumor yield. Iron overload is known to enhance peroxidative damage and cause oxidative stress. In this study, we report that iron overload augments 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated cutaneous tumor promotion. Female Swiss mice were subjected to iron overload by injecting 1 mg iron/mouse/day consecutively for 2 weeks. Tumors were initiated by applying a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted with twice weekly applications of TPA for 20 weeks and the appearance of first tumor (latency period), percent incidence and number of tumors per mouse were recorded. It has been observed that the level of iron in involved (tumor-bearing) skin was about fourfold higher as compared to uninvolved (non-tumor) skin of iron overload animals and about tenfold higher as compared to the iron level in the skin of normal animals. When compared to the iron-unloaded control group, the iron overload mice showed an increased incidence of tumors. In iron overload animals, the tumors appeared 3 weeks earlier and also the number of tumors per mouse was significantly higher (2.5-fold). These data indicate that iron overload augments TPA-mediated tumor promotion. We propose that oxidative stress generated by iron overload may be responsible for the augmentation of cutaneous tumorigenesis.
β-<i>L</i>-1,3-Dioxolane-Cytidine:A Novel Nucleoside ThatInhibits Proliferation andInduces Differentiation ofKeratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Schwartz P.M. , Haggerty J.G. , Cheng Y.-C. 
Published: April 2003

β-<i>L</i>-1,3-Dioxolane-cytidine (<i>L</i>-(–)-OddC) is a novel <i>L</i>-nucleoside, and its antitumor activity is under investigation in clinical trials. To evaluate the potential of <i>L</i>-(–)-OddC for treating hyperproliferative diseases of the skin, we examined its activity in human keratinocytes in vitro. The dose of <i>L</i>-(–)-OddC that inhibited the rate of proliferation of keratinocytes by 50% was 50 n<i>M</i>. <i>L</i>-(–)-OddC was about as cytotoxic as 9-β-<i>D</i>-arabinofuranosylcytosine but was about 1,000 time more potent than 3′-azidothymidine. <i>L</i>-(–)-OddC caused irreversible growth arrest and induced differentiation of keratinocytes. <i>L</i>-(–)-OddC altered morphology, increased the cell size of keratinocytes and increased the expression of involucrin. These data suggest that <i>L</i>-(–)-OddC may have potential as a therapeutic agent against hyperproliferative skin diseases.
The Effects of the Glucocorticoids Prednisolone, Deflazacort and Beclomethasone-Dipropionate on the RM 3/1 Macrophage in Human Peripheral Blood
Authors: Zwadlo-Klarwasser Gabriele , Schmutzler Wolfgang 
Published: April 2003

Different glucocorticoids (GC) applied intravenously, subcutaneously or in vitro exert only small differences in the ability to raise RM 3/1 macrophages from human blood monocytes. Dermal application however reveals a dose-dependent difference between GC. The present experiments were designed to study the efficacy of oral and topical application in this model. We also intended to obtain some information about the qualitative differences between the effects of prednisolone and deflazacort, which was reported to cause less adverse reactions than other GC. Both GC were orally administered to probands in doses regarded as equivalent with respect to general GC effects by the manufacturers of deflazacort (5–6 mg or multiples). A single dose of 5 mg prednisolone had no effect; 50 mg increased the number of RM 3/1 macrophages within 12 h from a basal level of 8.5% to about 80% similar to an intravenous or subcutaneous administration of GC. 10 mg prednisolone enhanced the number of RM 3/1 macrophages also within 12 h, reaching a mean maximum of about 60% at 24 h, declining thereafter. 12 mg deflazacort raised the number of RM 3/1 macrophages much slower, reaching a maximum of 30% (average) after 48 h. The interindividual variation was found to be mainly the time lag between dosage and maximum effect. Interindividual differences of prednisolone effects concerned mainly the maximal increase of RM 3/1 macrophages after 24 h. These results show that in this test system deflazacort was found to be less effective than expected. To elucidate the topical influence of GC, probands inhaled twice daily 0.5 mg beclomethasone-dipropionate over a period of 11 days. No effect on the number of RM 3/1 macrophages was observed, suggesting that beclomethasone applied in this dose did not cause systemic GC reactions.
Absorption and Metabolism of (all-trans-) Retinol Acetate, Retinol, and Retinoic Acid in the Single-Pass, Albumin-Perfused Rabbit Ear
Authors: Bast G.E. , Kampffmeyer H.G. 
Published: April 2003

<b>Background: </b>Retinoic acid, a metabolite of retinol, is formed in the skin of various species. <b>Purpose:</b> Formation rates have not been determined in a dynamic skin perfusion model which may show the dehydrogenation of retinol to be rate limited. <b>Methods:</b> (all-trans-) Retinol acetate, retinol, or retinoic acid was applied dermally with isopropyl myristate. The ears were single-pass perfused with 6% hetastarch or 5% bovine serum albumin in the buffer solution. The effluent was analyzed by HPLC for these substances. <b>Result:</b> No ester hydrolysis of retinol acetate was observed, nor did this substrate appear in the effluent. Retinol or retinoic acid were detected in the effluent. The absorption rate was linearly related to the dermally applied concentration density. The absorption rate of retinoic acid was 70 times larger than that for retinol. The formation rate of retinoic acid from retinol was rate limited (apparent V<sub>max</sub>: 0.08 pmol/min/cm<sup>2</sup> skin). <b>Conclusion:</b> Since retinoic acid is a recognized pharmacologically active ingredient in the skin, the dehydrogenation of retinol or retinal was also observed in the effluent of this skin perfusion model. The percutaneous retinol adds to the endogenous pool of retinoic acid by cytosolic dehydrogenation or microsomal oxidation elsewhere. The steady-state absorption rate of 0.1% retinoic acid in isopropyl myristate, referred to 500 cm<sup>2</sup> of the human skin, would contribute about 20% of the daily requirement of vitamin A, without increase in endogenous retinoic acid plasma concentration.
The Effect of Isotretinoin on Biotinidase Activity
Authors: Schulpis Kleopatra H. , Georgala Sophia , Papakonstantinou Evangelos D. , Michas Timos , Karikas George A. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> Among the reaction and effects of isotretinoin, mucocutaneous reactions, xerosis and erythema of the skin as well as elevation of liver enzymes and lipids except high density lipoprotein have been reported. <i>Objective:</i> Since biotinidase is mainly produced in the liver and partial biotinidase deficiency causes dermatological manifestations, seborrheic dermatitis, alopecia etc., isotretinoin side effects in relation to biotinidase activity were studied. <i>Methods:</i> Forty-two (n = 42) patients with severe cystic acne had liver function tests, lipid estimations, serum biotin as well as biotinidase activity evaluations before (value 1) and on the 30th day (value 2) of treatment with isotretinoin monotherapy (Roaccutane 0.5 mg/kg/24 h). The same laboratory tests were evaluated in 50 controls only once. Moreover, the effect of isotretinoin on a known plasma biotinidase activity was evaluated after incubation in vitro with various concentrations of the drug. <i>Results:</i> A statistically significant elevation of liver enzymes and lipids, except high density lipoprotein, was observed at the end of this study. On the contrary, biotinidase activity was found to be significantly decreased as compared to the initial values (value 1 = 4.70 ± 0.89 nmol/min/l, value 2 = 2.50 ± 0.8 nmol/min/l, p < 0.001) and to controls (5.2 ± 0.9 nmol/min/l vs. value 2 = 2.50 ± 0.8 nmol/min/l, p < 0.001). Additionally, biotin levels showed no significant alterations and the in vitro incubation of the enzyme with various concentrations of the drug exhibited no effect on its activity. <i>Conclusion:</i> It is suggested that isotretinoin isomers-metabolites act in the liver, resulting in low biotinidase activity.
Broad Spectrum Herbal Therapy against Superficial Fungal Infections
Authors: Shahi Sushil K. , Shukla A.C. , Bajaj A.K. , Banerjee U. , Rimek D. , Midgely G. , Dikshit Anupam 
Published: April 2003

Skin disease associated with keratinized tissues in animal and human beings has been investigated. The essential oil of <i>Eucalyptus pauciflora</i> in vitro showed strong antifungal activity at 1.0 μl/ml against human pathogenic fungi, viz. <i>Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans</i> and <i>T. violaceum</i>. The oil has heavy doses of inoculum potential at 1.0 μl/ml. Moreover, it did not exhibit any adverse effects on mammalian skin up to 5% concentrations. Further, we formulated the oil in the form of ointment ‘BSHT’ (broad spectrum herbal therapy) (1% v/v) and subjected it to topical testing on patients attending the outpatient department of M.L.N. Medical College, Allahabad. Fifty patients were selected on the basis of KOH-positive results and diagnosed as either tinea pedis, tinea corporis or tinea cruris. After the second week of treatment, all patients were KOH-negative. At the end of medication, 60% of patients recovered completely and 40% showed significant improvement from the disease. No KOH-negative cases of relapse were observed when patients were re-examined after 2 months following the end of treatment. Thus, the ointment can be exploited commercially after undergoing successful multicenter clinical trials, which are in progress.
Biomelanin Antioxidants in Cosmetics: Assessment Based on Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Kalka K. , Mukhtar H. , Turowski-Wanke A. , Merk H. 
Published: April 2003

Acute adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in humans include sunburn, photosensitivity reactions and immunological suppression. Chronic exposure to UV light, particularly the UVB (290–320 nm) component of the UV radiation, and certain environmental chemicals increase the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer and play a major role in cutaneous aging. The lipid peroxidation (LPO) of biomembranes, mediated by reactive oxygen species and free radicals, is one of the major causes of cellular damage induced by UV radiation and toxins. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C and melanins, are reactive oxygen and radical scavengers, thereby minimizing the light- and toxin-induced tissue destruction. We examined the influence of 8 biotechnically produced polyphenolic melanins on the LPO of microsomal membranes in comparison with α-tocopherol, ascorbate and synthetic melanin. All biomelanins showed better inhibition of peroxidative damage than synthetic melanin. Three of the 8 tested drugs inhibited the LPO at least as effectively as vitamin C and vitamin E. The combination of the most effective biomelanin with both vitamin C and vitamin E resulted in greater LPO inhibition than caused by each agent alone. Our data show that biomelanins are potent inhibitors of the peroxidative destruction of biomembranes, indicating that these compounds may be useful antioxidative agents in cosmetic preparations.
Normal Ranges of Renal Physiological Parameters for Technetium-99m Mercaptoacetyltriglycine and the Influence of Age and Sex Using a Camera-Based Method
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu , Changlai Sheng-Ping , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: April 2003

162 normal Chinese men and women underwent a <sup>99m</sup>Tc MAG3 renal study. Seventy-two males and 90 females were evaluated in 5 age groups: group 1, 61–80 years; group 2, 51–60 years; group 3, 41–50 years; group 4, 31–40 years, and group 5, 21–30 years. Each subject was required to fit the following criteria: (1) clinically no history of renal, urinary disorders and systemic diseases, normal blood pressure, kidney morphology, urinary examination and serum creatinine, and (2) for the gamma camera study normal hydration and renal images, and no pelvic, ureteric dilatation or retention of tracer should be found. The normal range of common physiological parameters for <sup>99m</sup>Tc MAG3 renal studies was measured in normal subjects. The effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, camera-based Schlegel method), percent function in each kidney (renal index, RI), time of peak renal parenchymal activity (T<sub>max</sub>) and half time of parenchymal activity following the peak (T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>) were evaluated. The T<sub>max</sub> and T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> were determined with regions of interest over the entire kidney. The results showed that (1) between the sexes, there were no significant differences for any parameter; (2) between the age groups, the only significant difference was a decrease in ERPF, normalized for body surface area, with increasing age (group 1, 511.3 ± 91.2; group 2, 559.5 ± 102.1; group 3, 577.1 ± 79.2; group 4, 607.8 ± 101.1, and group 5, 610.2 ± 109.2), and (3) the RI, T<sub>max</sub> and T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> were symmetrical and did not vary between the sexes or age groups (left vs. right: RI = 49.6 ± 2.2 vs. 50.4 ± 2.2%, T<sub>max</sub> = 3.63 ± 1.13 vs. 3.75 ± 1.11 min, and T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> = 5.38 ± 1.65 vs. 5.83 ± 1.88 min). We find that (1) ERPF for <sup>99m</sup>Tc MAG3 decreases with age in normal Chinese, which is similar to the results of Western countries, and (2) the RI, T<sub>max</sub> and T<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> were symmetrical and did not vary between the sexes or age groups in normal Chinese, and are also similar to the results of Western countries.
An Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Leuprorelin Acetate 3M-Depot in Patients with Advanced and Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Khan M.S. , O’Brien A. 
Published: April 2003

<b>Objectives:</b> The investigational objectives of this open, noncomparative phase I study were to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of 11.25 mg leuprorelin acetate, the effective duration of the chemical castration (serum testosterone ≤1.73 nmol/l) and safety in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic carcinoma of the prostate foreseen for chemical castration, in the hope that such a dose of leuprorelin acetate may be suitable as a depot formulation to be administered 3-monthly to these patients. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 24 males up to 85 years old with histologically proven advanced carcinoma of the prostate were enrolled in the study to obtain 18 eligible patients. Each patient was given 11.25 mg of leuprorelin acetate in a depot formulation subcutaneously after reconstitution in 2 ml of a special suspension vehicle. The study period lasted 24 weeks. Patients whose serum testosterone levels reincreased prior to the end of the observation period of 24 weeks were withdrawn from the study and received the monthly depot formulation of 3.75 mg of leuprorelin acetate. <b>Results:</b> The 3M-depot formulation of leuprorelin acetate ensured continuous and constant drug release and effective suppression of testosterone serum levels to castration range for at least 13 weeks. After an initial rise, 5α-dihydrotestosterone as well as the gonadotropin serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone reflected the testosterone serum pattern. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of this study show that the 3M-depot preparation of leuprorelin acetate is effective in suppressing the serum testosterone levels to the castration range for a targeted period of at least 13 weeks.
Efficacy of Skeletal Alkaline Phosphatase and Prostate-Specific Antigen in the Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis in Cancer of the Prostate
Authors: Wolff J.M. , Ittel T. , Borchers H. , Brauers A. , Jakse G. 
Published: April 2003

<b>Purpose:</b> To study the efficacy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and skeletal alkaline phosphatase (SAP) as staging markers in discriminating patients with cancer of the prostate (CaP) with (M+) and without bone metastases (M0). <b>Material and Methods:</b> 73 patients with untreated CaP entered the study. After staging the patients were divided into 3 groups: group I, patients with CaP and bone metastases (n = 21); group II, patients with locally advanced CaP without bone metastases (n = 26), and group III, patients with clinically localized CaP without bone metastases (n = 26). <b>Results:</b> None of the M0 patients but 71% of the M+ patients exhibited an increased SAP. A corresponding cutoff point of 100 ng/ml for PSA showed that 19% of M0 patients and 71% of the M+ patients exhibited a value of >100 ng/ml. This resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 71 and 100% of SAP and 71 and 81% for PSA, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> SAP could become a useful marker in the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed CaP as it provides additional information concerning the skeletal status of these patients.
Effect of Desferrioxamine in Acute Haemolytic Anaemia of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Al-Rimawi H.S. , Al-Sheyyab M. , Batieha A. , El-Shanti H. , Abuekteish F. 
Published: April 2003

The effectiveness of desferrioxamine (DFO) in ameliorating the severity of the acute haemolysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was studied in 167 children with G6PD deficiency during an acute haemolytic crisis. All patients received packed cell transfusion on admission if their Hb levels were <8 g/dl, which was repeated as needed. Eighty patients also received a single dose of DFO 30–40 mg/kg by slow intravenous infusion (DFO group). The remaining 87 children did not receive DFO (control group). The need for more than one transfusion was less frequent in the DFO group as compared to the control group (p = 0.01). The need for late transfusion (transfusion after 36 h of admission) was also less in the DFO group (7%) compared to 21% in the control group (p = 0.02). On average, children in the DFO group needed less packed red blood cells (16.5 ml/kg body weight) than the control group (22.8 ml/kg body weight) and the difference was highly significant (p = 0.0001). We conclude from this study that DFO in a small dose is effective in the treatment of acute haemolytic crises of G6PD deficiency. It shortens the duration of the crisis and decreases the amount of blood transfusion needed.
Estimation of Stem Cell Fractions in Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest by Using an SE-9000 Hematology Analyzer
Authors: Saigo Katsuyasu , Sugimoto Takeshi , Takeuchi Satoshi , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Ryo Ryukichi , Kumagai Shunichi 
Published: April 2003

We inquired whether stem cell fractions in peripheral blood stem cell harvest could be precisely detected by using a hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) counting system applied to an automated hematology analyzer, SE-9000. Although there was an apparent increase in the HPCs 20 h after storage in nondiluted conditions, samples diluted with RPMI-1640 containing 1.0 mg/ml EDTA-2K showed a relatively stable number of HPCs. There was a significant relationship between HPCs and CD34 cells (n = 75, r = 0.769). This method may represent the least expensive and most time-effective way for stem cell estimation in harvest products.
Multiple African Honeybee Stings and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Hommel Didier , Bollandard Frank , Hulin Alain 
Published: April 2003

In 1956, the Brazilian government brought honeybees <i>(Apis mellifera andansonii)</i> from South Africa. A group of these bees crossed the Amazon and reached Venezuela where they have killed between 30 and 50 people in the last 4 years [1]. In 1993, we observed the first case of rhabdomyolysis, hepatic dysfunction and acute renal failure (ARF) following multiple stings by African bees <i>(A. mellifera andansonii)</i> in French Guiana.
Pregnancy in Women on Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Romão Jr. J.E. , Luders C. , Kahhale S. , Pascoal I.J.F. , Abensur H. , Sabbaga E. , Zugaib M. , Marcondes M. 
Published: April 2003

Successful pregnancy outcome is an uncommon occurrence in women requiring chronic dialytic treatment, and the most adequate dialysis therapy in the management of these pregnant patients has not been established. During the period 1988–1995, we estudied the outcome of 17 pregnancies in dialyzed females, with an average age of 28.2±5.9 years (range: 18–38 years). Seven women had adequate urine volume (>800 ml/24 h). Five patients started dialysis after conception and the remaining 12 pregnancies were diagnosed after 6–72 months on dialysis. Fourteen women were maintained on hemodialysis (HD) and 3 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The HD schedule was increased to 3 h 5–6 times weekly, and CAPD was increased to six 2-liter exchanges/day. Mean serum urea was 78.6 ± 27.4 mg/dl (range 45–110); serum creatinine was 6.5 ± 3.7 mg/dl (3.3–9.8 mg/dl); and hematocrit was 28.9 ± 3.3 vol% (22–35 vol%). Anemia was partially controlled with rHuEpo in 8 patients. Significant problems were polyhydramnios in 7 cases (5 HD/2 CAPD), oligohydramnios in 1 (HD), gestational diabetes in 2 (CAPD), premature labor with spontaneous abortion at the 19th, 22nd and 28th weeks of gestation (2 HD/1 CAPD), hypertension in 8 (7 HD/1 CAPD), and sterile eosinophilic peritonitis in 1 case (CAPD). Mean gestational age at delivery in 14 successful pregnancies (12 HD/2 CAPD) was 32.3 ± 2.6 weeks (27–36 weeks) and mean baby weight was 1,400.7 ± 579.1 g (range 720– 2,650 g). No congenital fetal abnormality was observed. Respiratory distress was observed in 6 infants, with 2 deaths (1 HD/1 CAPD) in the first week after delivery. In this study, successful pregnancies were reported in 70.6% of dialyzed women with uremia, with hemodialysis having a rate of fetal survival of 78.6% and CAPD with 33.3%.
Nonrelated Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation: Medical and Ethical Aspects
Authors: Colakoglu Murat , Yenicesu Müjdat , Akpolat Tekin , Vural Abdülgaffar , Utaş Cengiz , Arinsoy Turgay , Sindel Şükrü , Akoglu Emel , Yasavul Ünal , Turgan Çetin , Caglar Şali 
Published: April 2003

Several patients with end-stage renal disease went to Bombay for renal transplantation from nonrelated living donors and then returned to Turkey for posttransplantation follow-up. The aims of this study are to evaluate the long-term results of renal transplantation from nonrelated living donors in Turkish patients with end-stage renal disease and to discuss the ethical and social aspects of nonrelated kidney donation. One hundred and twenty-seven patients (89 males, 38 females; mean age 38.1, range 17–63 years) were investigated retrospectively. None of the patients went to Bombay on our advice. All transplantations were performed between 1991 and 1995. The mean follow-up period after transplantation was 34.2 (range 1–68) months. Graft survival rates were 85, 83, and 57% after 3 months and 1 and 5 years, respectively. Patient survival rates were 94, 93, and 92% after 3 months and 1 and 5 years, respectively. Seven patients died within the first 3 months after the transplantation. Surgical problems, infections, acute rejection, ciclosporin nephrotoxicity, and hepatic problems were common complications. We conclude that medical and surgical complications occur frequently in paid kidney transplantation, but most of these complications can be prevented by adequate preoperative management, and precautionary measures should be taken to prevent commercialization of renal transplantation before the spread of emotionally related living kidney donation.