bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Anxiety and Depression Levels in Caregivers of Patients with Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy for Home Enteral Tube Feeding Against Other Enteral Nutrition Methods
Authors: Özceylan Gökmen , Fındık İnahet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to measure and compare the anxiety and depression status of caregivers of patients nourished through Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) and other enteral nutrition methods, thereby assessing the psychological burden created by these two groups.
Methods
A comparison was made of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores among caregivers of patients receiving PEG and other enteral nutrition, focusing on changes between hospital admission and discharge. These changes were analyzed based on the caregiver's age, gender, and the duration of the patient's hospital stay.
Results
Hospital stay duration for patients receiving PEG was significantly longer than for those receiving other enteral nutrition methods (p = 0.017). Despite longer hospital stays, a decrease in anxiety and depression was observed in caregivers of patients receiving PEG compared to the other group (p = 0.078). It was found that the decrease in anxiety and depression levels was less pronounced with increasing age of the caregiver (r=-0.202, p = 0.038).
Conclusions
We believe that PEG should be the preferred method for long-term enteral nutrition, as it enables caregivers to feed and medicate their patients effectively and conveniently. Providing effective care training at PEG centers, along with interdisciplinary team psychosocial support and supervision by home care technicians, will reduce caregivers' anxieties and psychological problems, thereby lessening their care burden.
Mass effect on an elliptic PDE involving two Hardy-Sobolev critical exponents
Authors: THIAM El Hadji Abdoulaye 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $\Gamma$ be a closed curve contained in $\Omega$. We study existence of positive solutions $u \in H^1_0\left(\Omega\right)$ to the equation where $h$ is a continuous function and $\rho_\Gamma$ is the distance function to $\Gamma$. We prove existence of solutions depending on the regular part of the Green function of linear operator. We prove the existence of positive mountain pass solutions for this Euler-Lagrange equation depending on the mass which is the regular part of the Green function of the linear operator $-\Delta+h$.
AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 35J08, 35A23, 35J60.
Prevalence of Frailty Syndrome in Colombian Population Aged Over 65 Scheduled for Non-Cardiac Elective Surgery
Authors: Ríos-Barbosa Fernando , Muñoz Rodrigo , Roa Mateo , González Gina , Jauregui Ilia M. , Bastidas-Goyes Alirio , Tuta-Quintero Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: Frailty syndrome (FS) has gained increasing importance due to its association with adverse perioperative outcomes. It is relevant to ascertain the prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidities associated with this syndrome. The objective of the article was to determine the prevalence of FS in the Colombian population aged over 65 scheduled for non-cardiac elective surgery.
Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out in two high-complexity hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. Frailty was defined by applying two scales: Fried's frailty phenotype and SHARE-FI. Prevalence was calculated both globally and stratified by sex, based on the number of subjects classified as frail according to each scale, in relation to the total number of subjects evaluated.
Results: In the final analysis of the study, a total of 359 patients were included. A prevalence of FS was determined to be 12.8% (95% CI 9.2%-16.4%) using Fried's frailty phenotype and 16.7% (95% CI 12.7%-20.7%) using the SHARE-FIscale. The average age of patients with frailty syndrome (FS) was 77.5 years (SD 6.31), compared to 74.5 years (SD 6.22) in the control group (p=0.003). A higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction (17.4% vs. 8.3%; p=0.049), chronic heart failure (19.6% vs. 6.7%; p=0.003), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (32.6% vs. 9.6%; p<0.001) was observed in patients with FS compared to the control group.
Conclusión: A prevalence of frailty was identified in patients aged 65 and older scheduled for elective surgery in Colombia, ranging between 12.8% and 16.7%. Acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and COPD were more frequently related in patients with frailty
The social problems of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nabi Somaye , Zandieh Zhale , Bahadori Farzaneh , Bakhshandeh Razieh , Bagheri Roghie , Niksolat Maryam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the healthcare system by exhausting all the available and reserved resources, leading to a global apocalypse menacing the lives of vulnerable human populations. The elderly proved their vulnerability since the chance of infection, developing severe symptoms, and the risk of death in case of virus exposure was considerably higher. Not only were senior citizens at higher risk of being physically affected by COVID, but they also faced more social and mental problems in the COVID-19 era. Social distancing and the COVID lockdown brought about unprecedented social isolation for one and all, but the consequences were more severe for older adults than others. During the pandemic, older people, more than other age groups, reported a feeling of loneliness, symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as sleep problems. They, more than ever, faced ageism, discrimination, and elder abuse; however, it has been more severe for those living alone or in a nursing home or suffering from chronic conditions and dementia, as well as gender minorities. Moreover, not all elderly individuals can cope with technology and virtual communication as a replacement for their connections and relationships with others. In contrast, other generations are more digitally literate and more welcoming to technology. In essence, social isolation and its consequences are more severe for senior citizens; thus, policymakers must find practical plans to meet older adults’ needs by considering these characteristics.
Progression of flood risk assessment in India at a decadal scale: a critical review
Authors: Pakhale Gaurav , Nale Jyoti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Floods are a recurrent natural phenomenon in India, including perennial occurrences in some parts of the country. Progressively, floods are transformed into flood hazards because of the anthropogenic activities in the flood plains and adjoining catchments, causing injuries, loss of lives, and property damage. Flood hazards, when considered in relation to vulnerability and exposure limits, describe the associated flood risk. This article aims to discuss the progression in flood risk assessment through several government policies and actions in India at a decadal scale from 1951 to 2020. While doing this, some important extreme flood events witnessed in those decades that shaped the perspectives, measures, action plans, and policies in the subsequent years are discussed. The review confirms that with the changing patterns of floods, associated hazards, and risks over the years, improvements in risk assessment approaches are noticeable on dual fronts. Technical advancements in flood risk assessment have corroborated the policy reforms. Albeit these developments, the issues related to the scale of study, data sources and resolutions, climatic variability, urban development, complex population dynamics, and their interrelationships in the context of flood risk need to be resolved with serious efforts. Addressing these issues through multidimensional strategies is imperative to aver robust flood risk assessment.
The Link between miRNAs and PCKS9 in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Macvanin Mirjana T. , Gluvic Zoran M. , Klisic Aleksandra N. , Manojlovic Mia S. , Suri Jasjit S. , Rizzo Manfredi , Isenovic Esma R. 
Published: November 2023

:
Cardiovascular disease (CDV) represents the major cause of death globally.
Atherosclerosis, as the primary cause of CVD, is a chronic immune-inflammatory
disorder with complex multifactorial pathophysiology encompassing oxidative stress, enhanced
immune-inflammatory cascade, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis. An initiating
event in atherosclerosis is the subendothelial accumulation of low-density lipoprotein
(LDL), followed by the localization of macrophages to fatty deposits on blood vessel
walls, forming lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells) that secrete compounds involved
in plaque formation. Given the fact that foam cells are one of the key culprits
that underlie the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, special attention has been paid to
the investigation of the efficient therapeutic approach to overcome the dysregulation of
metabolism of cholesterol in macrophages, decrease the foam cell formation and/or to
force its degradation. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secretory
serine proteinase that has emerged as a significant regulator of the lipid metabolism
pathway. PCSK9 activation leads to the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLRs), increasing
LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the circulation. PCSK9 pathway dysregulation
has been identified as one of the mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis. In addition, microRNAs
(miRNAs) are investigated as important epigenetic factors in the pathophysiology
of atherosclerosis and dysregulation of lipid metabolism. This review article summarizes
the recent findings connecting the role of PCSK9 in atherosclerosis and the involvement
of various miRNAs in regulating the expression of PCSK9-related genes. We
also discuss PCSK9 pathway-targeting therapeutic interventions based on PCSK9 inhibition,
and miRNA levels manipulation by therapeutic agents.
High Level of Adropin Promotes the Progression of Pancreatic Ductal
Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Jilong , Wu Qinrong , Ding Qunhua , Wu Weibo , Li Qiyun , Zheng Zhinan 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objective:
Preliminary experiments have revealed the abnormally
high expression level of adropin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). This study investigated
the role of adropin in the progression of PDA.

Methods::
The paraffin-embedded samples of 20 patients with PDA were obtained from the hospital
biobank, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate adropin expression. PDA cell lines
were cultured and treated with recombinant adropin or adropin knockdown. Cell behavior was assessed,
and the expression of phospho-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (p-VEGFR2)
and other related proteins was detected. The cell-derived xenograft (CDX) of PDA was established,
and the effects of adropin or adropin knockdown on tumor growth were observed.

Results::
The PDA cancer tissues exhibited elevated adropin protein expression compared with the
paracancerous tissues, and the expression was positively correlated with carbohydrate antigen
19-9 levels in patients. Adropin significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of PDA
cells and upregulated the expression of p-VEGFR2, Ki67, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloprotein 2
(MMP2). After the knockdown of adropin expression or blockade of VEGFR2, the above effects
of adropin were significantly reversed. Adropin supplementation significantly accelerated tumor
growth in PDA CDX; upregulated the expression of p-VEGFR2, Ki67, cyclin D1, and MMP2;
and promoted angiogenesis in tumor tissue microenvironment. However, CDX inoculated with
adropin knockdown cells produced the opposite results.

Conclusion::
Adropin overexpression in PDA promotes cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis
in tumor microenvironment by continuously activating VEGFR2 signaling, thereby creating conditions
for tumor progression. Thus, targeting adropin may be an effective anti-PDA strategy.
Metformin (The Miracle Drug) Kinetics in Different Diseases such as Cancer
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra 
Published: November 2023

:
Metformin, a miracle drug that was introduced a century ago, could be considered for various
aspects of diseases such as diabetes (type 1 and 2), cancer prevention or chemotherapy, metabolic
and neurodegenerative disease. It is well known that the frequency of cancer is higher in patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide updated information regarding clinical
pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of action of Metformin in different diseases such as cancer.
Diabetes type 1 is another chronic autoimmune disease detected usually in early childhood due to
immune-mediated devastation of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Because of the lack of effective
therapeutic approaches, its prevalence is increasing. Regarding cancer, an estimated 19.3 million
new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths were reported in 2020 worldwide. By
50-60% bioavailability, the main route of metformin excretion is through urine. Its mechanism of
action is based on 1) initiation of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, 2) block proinflammatory
paths in perivascular adipose tissue, 3) decrease in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation
in vascular tissues, and 4) improvement in endothelial function. Metformin induces adenosine
monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling and suppresses gluconeogenesis. Antitumor properties
of Metformin include a decrease in reactive oxygen species generation and inducing autophagy.
In addition to glucose-lowering effects, Metformin has moderate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative
effects. It could improve lipid profile and reduce overweight individuals' body mass and
arterial blood pressure. In type 1 diabetes, Metformin reduces the requirement for daily insulin and
improves glycemia. Its long-term use decreases cardiovascular events. In addition to inhibiting the
synthesis of lipids via a reduction in oxidative stress, Metformin inhibits inflammation and increases
energy metabolism. Finally, by reducing micro- and macro-vascular consequences, mortality-related
diabetes and cancer decline by metformin administration. Therefore, in addition to diabetes, Metformin
could reduce the proliferation of cancer cells and the possibility of malignancies in different
types of cancer.
Effect of Exercise Therapy on Incident Admission in Patients with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Inpatient Diabetes Self-manageme nt
Education and Support
Authors: Masuda Hiroaki , Iwashima Fumiko , Ishiyama Daisuke , Nakajima Hideki , Kimura Yosuke , Otobe Yuhei , Suzuki Mizue , Koyama Shingo , Tanaka Shu , Kojima Iwao , Yamada Minoru 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Exercise therapy is the key to preventing admission of patients with type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, a few studies have examined the effects of exercise
therapy on patients with T2DM undergoing inpatient diabetes self-management education and
support (IDSMES).

Objective:
This study investigated whether exercise therapy influenced the incidence of admission
after discharge in patients with T2DM undergoing IDSMES.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included patients with T2DM who underwent
IDSMES between June 2011 and May 2015. Overall, 258 patients were included in this study.
The exercise therapy program was implemented in June 2013. Accordingly, patients diagnosed
between June 2011 and May 2013 were categorized as the non-exercise therapy program group,
while those diagnosed between June 2013 and May 2015 were categorized as the exercise therapy
program group. Outcomes were incident diabetes-related and all-cause admissions within 1
year of discharge. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios
(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the exercise therapy program’s impact on the outcomes.

Results:
Within 1 year of discharge, 27 (10.5%) patients underwent diabetes-related admissions
and 62 (24.0%) underwent all-cause admissions. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed a
significant association of the exercise therapy program with incident diabetes-related and allcause
admissions [OR: 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08–0.59) and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22–0.86), respectively].

Conclusion:
Exercise therapy programs significantly lowered the incidences of diabetes-related
and all-cause admissions. This indicates that implementing exercise therapy during hospitalization
may be important for preventing admissions of patients with T2DM receiving IDSMES.
Chemical Composition and Therapeutic Potential of Syngonium podophyllum
L. Leaves against Hypercholesterolemia in Rats: Liver, Kidney, and Heart
Crosstalk
Authors: Ahmed Yomna R. , El-Hagrassi Ali M. , Nasr Noha N. , Abdallah Walid E. , Hamed Manal A. 
Published: November 2023

Background:
One of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia

Objective:
This study aimed to assess hypercholesterolemia's effect on the liver, heart, and kidney
and the impact of Syngonium podophyllum L. leaves methanolic extract as a treating agent in a rat
model.

Methods:
Flavonoid components were isolated and identified from the methanolic extract of
Syngonium podophyllum L. leaves. Total serum leptin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG),
aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were all
measured as part of the biochemical evaluation. The liver tissue was tested for levels of
malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and DNA fragmentation.

Results:
Thirty-nine compounds were identified by GC/MS profiling of the n-hexane fraction of
Syngonium podophyllum L leaves. The major volatile constituents were decane, 4-methyl, decane, N-acetyl 3-pentenyl, 1-amine, 2-methyl, 1-hexene, and 3-hydroxy, propanenitrile, while the
major phenolic compounds isolated from methanolic extract were luteolin-7- α-L rhamnoside-4'-
O-β-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin 6, 8-di-C-β-glucopyranoside (vicenin 2) (2), quercetin-3-Oα-L-rhamnoside (3), quercetin-7-O-β-glucoside compound (4), luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (5), 5-
hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxy flavone (6), gallic acid (7) and quercetin (8). Hypercholesterolemic rats revealed significant alterations (p ≤ 0.05) in the lipid profile, liver and kidney function,
DNA fragmentation pattern and antioxidant indices. With oral cholesterol administration of 30
mg/0.3 mL, 0.7% tween/rats fed a high-fat diet for nine weeks, treatment with leaves extract (250
mg/kg body weight) was able to restore all biochemical parameters as well as the architectures of
the liver and heart.

Conclusion:
Due to its abundance in physiologically active phenolic and flavonoid components,
the methanolic extract of Syngonium podophyllum L. leaves successfully served as a hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, and antioxidant therapeutic agent.
CRD-BP as a Tumor Marker of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fen-Xu  , Jiang Liang-Hong , Chen-Fu  , Feng Wei-Wei , Zhou Chang-Jiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
The National Cancer Center published a comparative report on cancer data between China and the
United States in the Chinese Medical Journal, which shows that colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in China
and fourth in the United States. It is worth noting that since 2000, the case fatality rate of CRC in China has skyrocketed,
while the United States has gradually declined. Finding tumor markers with high sensitivity and specificity
is our primary goal to reduce the case fatality rate of CRC. Studies have shown that CRD-BP (Insulin-like
growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1)can affect a variety of signaling pathways, such as Wnt、nuclear factor
KB (NF-κB), and Hedgehog, and has good biological effects as a therapeutic target for CRC. CRD-BP is expected
to become a tumor marker with high sensitivity and specificity of CRC. This paper reviews the research on
CRD-BP as a tumor marker of CRC.
Nutritional Status in Leprosy Patients: A Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis
Authors: Velmurugan Hemasri , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Leprosy, a chronic mycobacterial disease, is frequently accompanied by
malnutrition. However, it is important to regularly assess the nutritional state of leprosy patients in a
resource-poor nation like India, where undernutrition is widespread.

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of leprosy patients to that of normal
individuals using the body mass index.

Methods:
The electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were used to conduct an
open literature search. From 1st January 2000 to 31st January 2023, all articles were screened using
the following MeSH terms: (nutrition OR body mass index OR body weight) AND (leprosy OR
lepra) to find possibly relevant articles.

Results:
This meta-analysis includes five research studies with a total of 1173 individuals (363 patients in the leprosy group and 810 patients in the non-leprosy group). The weighted mean difference
(WMD) for BMI studies was -17.88 (95% CI -27.65 to -8.12), showing that there was a significant
difference in BMI < 18.5 between leprosy patients and non-leprosy patients. There was a significant
difference in DDS score and HFIAS score between patients with leprosy and non-leprosy. In a total
of 342 leprosy patients, 206 developed deformities.

Conclusion:
This research increases our understanding of nutrition and leprosy. The results found
that people with leprosy are nutritionally at a distinct disadvantage when compared to non-leprosy
patients. It emphasises the several ways in which diet may generate circumstances that increase the
risk of leprosy.
A Risk Assessment Method of New-type Power System Based on TabRAM
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Li Yuancheng , Yuan Jiexuan , Luo Hao 
Published: November 2023

Background::
Under the "Dual Carbon" strategy, the new-type power system integrates
various complex equipment, especially the addition of wind power, photovoltaic power generation,
distributed energy storage and other systems, which not only brings clean and efficient energy
to the power system, but also leads to potential risks in the power grid.

Objective::
Traditional methods for assessing the risks of power systems mainly focus on the characteristics
of traditional power grids. With the emergence of new features in the new power system,
these traditional assessment methods are no longer effective, which could affect the safe and
stable operation of the power system. To address this issue, this article proposes a new vulnerability
index system for power systems. It also introduces the analytic hierarchy based on Moody's
order graph (MAHP) quantification analysis method, and develops the Tabular data risk assessment
methodology(TabRAM) risk assessment model based on an improved Transformer method.

Method::
MAHP is a comprehensive evaluation method combining Moody's Chart and Analytic
Hierarchy (AHP), which has high comprehensiveness and operability. TabRAM uses Bayesian
neural networks (BNN) to complete prior data fitting and model complex feature dependencies
and potential causal mechanisms on tabular data. The network is trained using an improved Transformer,
and after pre-training, it can approximate new prior probabilistic inference in a forward
pass to achieve prediction and classification tasks for new datasets.

Results::
After multiple rounds of iterations and parameter adjustments, the model achieved the
desired performance and was successfully applied to the risk assessment of the new power system.

Conclusion::
According to the experimental results, the proposed TabRAM model demonstrates
superior performance in the field of risk assessment for the new-type power system, as compared
to traditional deep learning and machine learning algorithms.