bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksana Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn.) Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Aprillia Hananing , Utari Nelya , Purnamaningsih Nur’aini 
Published: February 2025

Background: Infectious diseases are still a problem for the world of health. Infectious diseases are caused by viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections can cause antibiotic resistance effects. Prevention of the effects of resistance can be done by looking for natural antibiotic agents derived from plants. One of the potential medicinal plants as antibiotics is papaya leaf.
Objective: The objective of study was determine the antibacterial activity of the papaya leaf n-hexane fraction against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the diameter zone of inhibition the papaya leaf n-hexane fraction at 20%; 40%; 60%; 80%; and 100% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Method: Papaya leaf were extraction by using maceration method of 70% ethanol as solvent. Separation of compounds based on the level of polarity using fractionation method with n-hexane: water (1:1 v/v) solvent then carried out phytochemical screening and separation of compounds using TLC method. The antibacterial activity testing used by agar diffusion method Kirby Bauer with the treatment group of papaya leaf n-hexane fraction with a concentration of 20%; 40%; 60%; 80%; and 100%, the positive control group used Ampicillin 10 μg and the negative control group used Aquades.
Result: Diameter zone of inhibition Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was smallest at 20% was 6,57 ± 0,15 mm and 6,69 ± 0,33 mm, while the diameter zone of inhibition the largest at 100% was 7,92 ± 0,23 mm and 7,94 ± 0,16 mm.
Conclusion: The papaya leaf n-hexane fraction concentration of 20%; 40%; 60%; 80%; and 100% had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The higher concentration then the larger diameter zone of inhibition formed.
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Ekstraksi terhadap Aktivitas Peredaman Radikal Bebas DPPH Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta Lampung Barat
Authors: Arifah Mitsalina Fildzah , Rusydan Azka Muhammad , Sayyidah Yahya Fina Ummu , Pratama Nofran Putra , Saputra Diky Permana 
Published: February 2025

Background: Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) has been cultivated in Indonesia, especially in the West Lampung area. Robusta coffee contains secondary metabolites that act as antioxidants, namely chlorogenic acid and other phenolic components. These secondary metabolites of robusta coffee bean can be obtained using the extraction method. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a well-known method to be more effective and lower temperature than other extraction methods. Variations in time impacted by the antioxidant activity of coffee bean extract.
Research objective: To determine the effect of variation in extraction time on the free radical reduction activity of DPPH from West Lampung Robusta coffee bean extract.
Research method: Robusta coffee beans were extracted by the UAE method using a 70% ethanol solvent (1:100). The variation in extraction time was 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Robusta coffee bean extract was subjected to organoleptic tests, phytochemical screening, and antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging.
Research results: The yield results at 10, 20, and 30 minutes of robusta coffee bean extract were 24.04%, 35.71%, and 20.15%. The results of the organoleptic test of the extract produce a thick texture, brown color, and unique aroma. The results of the phytochemical screening of the extract contain alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The IC50 values at the time variations of 10, 20, and 30 minutes, and quercetin were 29.97 ± 2.737 ppm; 30.5 ± 1.745 ppm; 23.31 ± 4.638 ppm; and 1.42 ± 0.440 ppm respectively, which were significantly different.
Conclusion: The variation in extraction time affected the free radical reduction activity of DPPH was an extraction time of 30 minutes in the most optimal DPPH free radical scavenging activity
An Experimental Study of the Properties of Bamboo Particle Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Biocomposites
Authors: Durowaye Stephen , Abayomi Amos , Ochulor Charles , Akindutire Comfort , Okafor Victor 
Published: February 2025

Production of biodegradable polymer matrix biocomposites that are cost effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly with desirable properties using particles as discontinuous phase (filler) is a welcome development. In this study, bamboo particle reinforced epoxy resin matrix biocomposites were developed by stir casting method. Varied weight percentages (5 to 30 wt. %) of 100 µm bamboo particles were added separately and blended with an epoxy resin – hardener matrix. The blends were fed into a fabricated wooden mould and allowed to cure at room temperature. After 24 hrs, the specimens were removed from the mould and subjected to microstructural examination using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the physical and mechanical properties characterisation of the specimens were also carried out. The results obtained from the experiments showed the presence of pores in the microstructure of the specimens and the distribution of reinforcing particles in the epoxy matrix. The reinforced composites (S2 to S6) demonstrated an appreciable increase in density when compared with the unreinforced control specimen (C1). Specimens (S2 to S6) demonstrated lower water absorption than C1. The composites demonstrated increased ultimate tensile strength with filler addition up to 25 wt. %. Similarly, the reinforced specimens demonstrated improved hardness as the weight percent (wt. %) of bamboo particles increased up to 25 wt. %. However, the composites demonstrated a reduction in impact energy as filler content increased when compared with the control specimen. Specimen S5 formulation, which contained 25 wt. % of reinforcing particles demonstrated the best properties in terms of density, water absorption, hardness, and ultimate tensile strength. These findings highlight the effectiveness of bamboo particles in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of the developed ecofriendly biocomposites.
Estimation of Surface Runoff for Al-Ghadaf Valley using the SWAT Model
Authors: Ibrahim Atheer G. 
Published: February 2025

Hydrological studies have become more important in recent years to estimate flow discharges in the valleys. The study area of Al-Ghadaf Valley was chosen due to the absence of surface runoff information for this valley. This research studied the watershed of Al-Ghadaf (GW) by using the SWAT model. It wasn’t possible to perform calibration and verification for the model due to the absence of actual discharges in the Al-Ghadaf valley. The area of the catchment was 8567.25 and the weather data used in this model was for three actual stations, Rutba, Ramadi, and Al-Nukhaib, for 13 years from 2009 to 2022. I wasn’t able to choose a period larger than 13 years because some of them are missing. Despite this, one of the features of the period that was chosen is that the years 2019 and 2013 fall within the chosen period and are considered flood years by the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources. The results show that the maximum daily flow discharge for Al-Ghadaf that outflows into Al-Razzaza Lake was 312.1 /s, the maximum surface runoff depth (mm) for all watersheds was 6.62 mm, and the average curve number for the basin was 88.4. These results will help future researchers in this study area and decision-makers in the Ministry of Water Resources to know the amount of water coming from this basin and feeding Al-Razzaza Lake, especially since there are no previous studies about this basin showing the amount of water falling on the basin and coming to the lake.
جمالية الفن الشعري في الحماسة الشجرية (الشعراء العباسيون إنموذجًا)
Authors: احمد جبار دويل الخفاجي م.م. 
Published: February 2025

تعد الحماسة الشجرية من مصادر الشعر العربي المهمة على مدار اربعة عصور هي (الجاهلي ، والاسلامي ، والاموي ، وجزء كبير من العصر العباسي) انتقى فيها ابن الشجري الكثير من النصوص المتنوعة الأغراض والتي حذا فيها حذو ابي تمام والبحتري ولم يختلف عن منهجيهما كثيراً، حيث بغ عدد شعرائها ثلاثمائة وخمس وستين شاعراً عدا المجهولين الذين لم يسمهم ، وبلغت مقطوعاتها تسعمائة وأربعاً وأربعين مقطوعة.
وكان الدافع الاول لتأليف هذه الحماسة عند ابن الشجري؛ هو دافع التقليد عند كبار الشعراء والأدباء حيث أخذ أكثر هؤلاء يختار مجموعة من شعر الشعراء ويطلق عليها اسم الحماسة مثل ما فعل البحتري تيمناً بأستاذه (أبي تمام الطائي) كما لحقه الخالديان، فكانت لهما حماستهما التي سميت (الاشباه والنظائر) وتبعهم في ذلك هبة الله بن الشجري ، ووظف شعراء الحماسة الصور المعنوية (البصرية والسمعية والحسية واللونية والذوقية) مما كان له الأثر البالغ في القارئ، واستعانوا بالبِنيات التركيبية ذات الطابع الجمالي في النص والتي تلفت انتباه المتلقي مثل البنى التكرارية والتشكيلية والدرامية.
الظروف الطقسية المصاحبة لتكرار العواصف الرعدية في العراق
Authors: هند حسن مطشر م.د 
Published: February 2025

العواصف الرعدية ظاهرة جوية تحدث نتيجة عدم الاستقرار في الغلاف الجوي , يهدف البحث الى دراسة الظروف الطقسيه الساعية المصاحبة لتكرار العواصف الرعدية في العراق , إذ يصاحب العواصف الرعدية حدوث تقلبات جوية مفاجئة في معدلات (الضغط الجوي وسرعة الرياح ودرجة الحرارة والأمطار والبرد ) فقد تم الاعتماد على التسجيلات الساعية في مَحطات الرصد الجوي من بدأية تَكرار العواصف الرعدية خلال فصل الخريف والشتاء والربيع , وتَمت الدراسة بالاعتماد على (8) مَحطات هي ( الموصل وكركوك والرطبة وبغداد و الديوانية والحي والناصرية والبصرة ) للمُدة (2013-2023) , بلغ مَجموع تَكرار العواصف الرعدية خلال مدة الدراسة (1263) تَكراراً , واتضح من خلال الدراسة وجود تباين في عناصر الطقس المصاحبة لتَكرار العواصف الرعدية خلال الأشهر وحسب الفصول وحسب المكان , بلغ معدل الضغط الجوي المصاحب للعواصف الرعدية (1010.3) مليبار, ومعدل درجات الحرارة المصاحب للعواصف الرعدية (22,6) مْ, وبالنسبة لسرع الرياح سُجلت سرعة رياح مصاحبة لها بمعدل(7,7) م/ثا, أما بالنسبة لتَكرار الأمطار والبرد المرافقة للعواصف الرعدية فبلغ ( 458, 241) لكل منهما.
Optimalisasi Produk Lokal sebagai Daya Tarik Kampung Wisata Pakintelan Semarang
Authors: Aryaningtyas Aurilia Triani , Suwarti Suwarti , Wuntu Gana , Putriningsih Tiara Sanika Langsa , Putri Amelia Lufitta 
Published: January 2025

This study examines the optimization of local products as the main attraction of Pakintelan Tourism Village in Semarang. The primary issues identified include inadequate promotion and infrastructure to support the potential of local products such as durian and bamboo crafts. Through a qualitative approach and descriptive method, this research explores community involvement, collaboration with government and businesses, and challenges in utilizing local products. The findings indicate that local products have significant potential to enhance tourism appeal and local economy. However, limitations in infrastructure and promotion remain major obstacles. Strategic recommedations include enhancing digital promotion, developing infrastructure, and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration. The study also highlights the need for further research to evaluate the long-term impact of local product development initiatives on community welfare.
Surgical versus conservative management of spinal cord cavernous malformations: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis
Authors: Rios-Zermeno Jorge , Ghaith Abdul Karim , Navarro-Garcia de Llano Juan Pablo , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Ortega-Ruiz Omar R. , Greco Elena , Goyal Anshit , Ravindran Krishnan , Kumar Jeyan S. , Williams Lindsy N. , Bydon Mohamad , Tawk Rabih G. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCCMs) are rare vascular malformations with a capricious prognosis. Given the eloquent nature of the spinal cord, considerable surgical morbidity may be encountered. Therefore, conservative management has emerged as a valid alternative, especially for incidental lesions diagnosed on ubiquitous imaging. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgical versus conservative management of SCCMs.

METHODS
Following PRISMA guidelines, this study included articles published in full-text form comparing the outcomes following conservative and surgical management of SCCMs. Collected variables included the total number of patients, spine level, resection, myelotomy, follow-up duration, bleeding, motor weakness, pain, bladder and/or bowel dysfunction, and neurological improvement or deterioration after discharge. The primary outcome of interest was long-term functional outcome.

RESULTS
Eleven articles comprising 515 patients were included, of whom 343 (66.6%) underwent resection and 172 (33.4%) were managed conservatively. Patients who underwent surgery were more likely to have preoperative motor deficits, hemorrhagic episodes, and bladder and/or bowel dysfunction, indicating increased disease severity. Resection was associated with significantly improved long-term functional outcomes (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.72–6.24) compared with conservative management. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding odds of long-term clinical deterioration (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.35–3.03). However, the risk of hemorrhagic episodes during follow-up was higher in the conservative group (17.3%) compared with the surgical group (1.69%). The odds of hemorrhage during follow-up were lower in the surgical group, although not statistically significant (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.05–1.05).

CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights that while surgical management of SCCMs is associated with better long-term functional outcomes and reduced risk of recurrent hemorrhage, treatment decisions must be carefully tailored to the individual patient, particularly given the potential risks associated with surgery. Conservative management, although less invasive, carries a nonnegligible risk of hemorrhage during follow-up, warranting close monitoring. These findings parallel management strategies used for brainstem cavernomas, for which surgery is reserved for cases with low surgical risk and worsening neurological symptoms. However, the limitations of current data, including selection bias and heterogeneity in reporting, emphasize the need for a multi-institutional registry to better define the natural history of SCCMs and inform future management strategies.
Does the crafted abdominal fat grafting technique completely eliminate risk of postoperative CSF leak in endonasal pituitary surgery? Technical note and preliminary clinical outcome
Authors: Lasica Nebojsa , Lesha Emal , Beckfort Neal S. , Arnautovic Kenan I. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
The endonasal transsphenoidal approach (ETA) developed over the years has become the standard of care for sellar and parasellar lesions. However, because it necessitates the removal of the skull base bone, it is often accompanied by CSF leakage. The authors aimed to provide technical nuances and analyze the results of their routine fat grafting technique after ETA.

METHODS
A consecutive patient cohort (2004–2024) of 168 patients who underwent ETA for sellar and parasellar lesions and the modified fat grafting technique for skull base repair were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
Overall, combined ETA and transcranial approach (TCA) was performed in 7 (4.2%) patients, and 4 (2.4%) patients had prior transsphenoidal surgery. The size of the lesion was < 10 mm in 24 (14.3%) patients, 10–30 mm in 93 (55.4%), and > 30 mm in 51 (30.4%). Histopathological diagnoses were as follows: 154 (91.7%) pituitary adenomas, of which 45 (26.8%) were secreting; 8 (4.8%) Rathke’s cleft cysts; 2 (1.2%) inflammatory/autoimmune lesions; 2 (1.2%) craniopharyngiomas; 1 (0.6%) renal cell carcinoma metastasis; and 1 (0.6%) chordoma. Gross-total resection was achieved in 127 (75.6%) patients, near-total resection in 22 (13.1%), and subtotal resection/partial resection/biopsy in 19 (11.3%). Overall, 122 (72.6%) procedures had intraoperative CSF leakage. Postoperative CSF leakage was observed in 1 (0.6%) patient treated with a revision operation and regrafting with a slightly larger graft and lumbar drainage.

CONCLUSIONS
Even slight modifications in contemporary surgical techniques and the addition of an innovative approach may improve the treatment of sellar and parasellar lesions via ETA and reduce the risk of CSF leakage. The authors have developed and described a modified fat grafting technique with gradual crafting and preprocessing of the abdominal fat tissue for skull base repair, and they have demonstrated its effectiveness in significantly reducing the CSF leak rate. This technique enables adequate reconstruction of skull base defects with low donor-site complication rates and obviates the need for external lumbar drainage.
Contribution of watertight dural closure to prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage in endoscopic transnasal surgery for intradural lesions
Authors: Parmar Harisinh , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Shinya Yuki , Umekawa Motoyuki , Nishijima Hironobu , Kondo Kenji , Ono Hideaki , Hanakita Shunya , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of watertight dural closure (WTDC) in preventing postoperative CSF leakage during extended endoscopic transnasal surgery (ETS) for skull base tumors, while preserving sinonasal quality by omitting the routine use of a nasoseptal flap.

METHODS
This retrospective study included 28 patients who underwent ETS and experienced Esposito grade 3 CSF leakage at a single institution between June 2022 and June 2024. WTDC was performed using fascia lata grafts and various suturing techniques. Surgical videos and electronic medical records were reviewed to assess suturing times and postoperative outcomes. The efficacy of WTDC in preventing CSF leakage was evaluated, and the technical aspects of the procedure were analyzed.

RESULTS
Among the 28 patients (14 female, 14 male), WTDC was successfully achieved in 14 cases, with near-watertight closure in the remaining 14. The average suturing time decreased with experience, showing a trend of improved efficiency. No postoperative CSF leaks were observed, and 1 case of postoperative meningitis resolved without sequelae. Despite significant risk factors for CSF leakage, WTDC was effective in all patients without the routine use of lumbar drainage.

CONCLUSIONS
WTDC in ETS is a reliable method for preventing postoperative CSF leakage, particularly in complex skull base surgeries with high-risk factors. This technique avoids the complications associated with nasoseptal flap use, preserves sinonasal quality, and reduces the need for lumbar drainage, making it a valuable option for skull base reconstruction.
Noncontrast imaging for the surveillance of treated and untreated meningiomas
Authors: Nguyen Lana V. , Kam Ning M. , Li Simon J. , Lee Jean , McKay Hamish , Jones Randall , Sutherland Tom , Smith Paul , Gogos Andrew J. 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Patients with meningiomas require serial MRI for surveillance of tumor size and growth rate. The cost and resource requirements for contrast-enhanced MRI include intravenous cannulation, the contrast agent, risk of adverse reaction, and the time needed to acquire, review, and report the additional sequences. With repeated doses, gadolinium is known to accumulate in neural tissues. The authors compared the correlation and accuracy of axial T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequences alone for assessing tumor growth, dimensions, and dural venous sinus invasion compared with the current clinical practice of assessing both contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) and T2WI sequences.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively identified 136 adult patients (65 patients with treated and 71 patients with untreated meningiomas) with two MRI scans obtained at least 6 months apart. For each patient, the two CE-T1WI sequences separated by time were paired, as were the two T2WI sequences, and assessed independently. The paired scans were assessed by a neuroradiologist and advanced radiology trainee blinded to clinical data. Tumor location, dimensions, growth, and venous invasion were evaluated. Peritumoral edema was assessed on T2WI only. Agreement between assessments on both CE-T1WI and T2WI sequences compared with T2WI alone was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa (κ), the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots.

RESULTS
Growth was detected in 36 tumors on T2WI compared with 39 when both CE-T1WI and T2WI were assessed. Growth assessed on T2WI alone showed near-perfect agreement with growth assessed on CE-T1WI and T2WI together (κ = 0.945). T2WI alone had an accuracy of 97.8%, specificity of 100%, and sensitivity of 92.3%. Interrater correlation between the radiologists for tumor dimensions was good to excellent (ICC > 0.843). Intrarater agreement between T2WI and CE-T1WI measurements of anteroposterior and transverse tumor dimensions was good (ICC > 0.883 for observer 1, > 0.767 for observer 2). There was substantial agreement between venous invasion on T2WI and both CE-T1WI and T2WI (κ = 0.771). Subgroup analysis for skull base (58.1%), treated (47.8%), and large (> 20-mm diameter; 38.2%) meningiomas did not show any significant difference in agreement between T2WI only and CE-T1WI and T2WI assessments of growth, venous invasion, or tumor dimension.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with treated and untreated meningiomas, unenhanced T2WI can assess tumor dimensions, detect growth, and detect venous invasion with comparable reliability and accuracy to the current clinical practice of using both CE-T1WI and T2WI.
Wojenne straty materialne polskiej prowincji redemptorystów w latach 1939-1945 na przykładzie klasztorów w Toruniu i Warszawie
Authors: Sadowski CSsR O. Maciej 
Published: January 2025

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje straty materialne dwóch spośród ośmiu erygowanych przed wybuchem II wojny świtowej klasztorów polskich redemptorystów. Wśród nich pierwszym obiektem niemieckiej rekwizycji był dom na toruńskich Bielanach, stanowiący również siedzibą juwenatu, czyli niższego seminarium duchownego polskich redemptorystów. Klasztor w Toruniu został poddany całkowitej rekwizycji przez Niemców już w pierwszych dniach wojny obronnej, a wywłaszczenie redemptorystów było precedensowym przykładem nowej sytuacji majątkowej, w jakiej znalazł się Kościół na Pomorzu, wcielonym do Rzeszy. Stan trwającej ponad cztery lata konfiskaty klasztoru toruńskiego został przez niemieckie władze usankcjonowany bezprawnymi aktami okupacyjnej administracji. Dzieła zniszczenia wewnętrznej struktury klasztoru, a przede wszystkim biblioteki i wyposażenia gimnazjalnych pracowni toruńskiego juwenatu, dopełnili żołnierze sowieccy po wyparciu z miasta Niemców od lutego do kwietnia 1945 roku. W archiwach państwowych i zakonnych zachowały się szczegółowe rejestry i kwestionariusze poniesionych przez toruńskich redemptorystów szkód wojennych. Drugim przykładem wojennej hekatomby dla Polskiej Prowincji Redemptorystów są losy klasztoru i kościoła na warszawskiej Woli, przy ul. Karolkowej. Ta placówka nie została doświadczona stratami przez cały okres wojny, aż do tragicznych wydarzeń 5-6 sierpnia 1944 roku, kiedy to podczas tzw. rzezi Woli Niemcy dokonali masowej egzekucji całej wspólnoty warszawskich redemptorystów. Ich los podzielił w następnych tygodniach zarówno klasztor, jak i kościół pw. św. Klemensa Hofbauera. Zostały one bowiem przez Niemców ograbione i niemal doszczętnie spalone. Skalę zniszczeń warszawskiej fundacji obrazują dobitnie prace rekonstrukcyjne prowadzone w latach 1945-1946 pod egidą Biura Odbudowy Stolicy.