bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the performance of membrane for direct air capture of CO2
Authors: Panja Palash , Manankandayalage Chamila , Alam Maksudul M. , Deo Milind 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDirect air capture (DAC) of CO2 is becoming increasingly important for reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. However, the cost and energy requirements associated with DAC make it less economically feasible than carbon capture from flue gases. While various methods like solid sorbents and gas–liquid absorption have been explored for DAC, membrane processes have only recently been investigated. The objective of this study is to examine the separation performance of a membrane unit for capturing CO2 from ambient air. The performance of a membrane depends on several factors, including the composition of the feed gas, pressure ratio, material selectivity, and membrane area. The single‐stage separation process with the co‐current flow and constant permeability flux model is evaluated using a commercial module integrated with a process simulator to separate a binary mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen to assess the sensitivity of selectivity on purity and recovery of CO2 in permeate, and power requirement. Additionally, three levels of CO2 reduction from the feed stream to the retentate stream (25%, 50%, and 75%) are studied. A trade‐off between purity and recovery factor is observed, and achieving high purity in permeate requires high concentration in the retentate.
Recent Progress and Opportunity of Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Biomass Conversion Reactions
Authors: Modak Arindam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into platform chemicals and fuels by metal single atoms is a new domain in solid catalysis research. Unlike the conventional catalysis route, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) proliferate maximum utilization efficiency, high catalytic activity, and good selectivity to the desired product with an ultralow loading of the active sites. More strikingly, SACs show a unique cost‐effective pathway for the conversion of complex sugar molecules to value‐added chemicals in high yield and selectivity, which may be hindered by conventional metal nanoparticles. Primarily, SACs having adjustable active sites could be easily modified using sophisticated synthetic techniques based on their intended reactions. This review covers current research on the use of SACs with a strong emphasis on the fundamentals of catalyst design, and their distinctive activities in each type of reaction (hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, oxidation, and dehydrogenation). Furthermore, the fundamental insights into the superior actions of SACs within the opportunity and prospects for the industrial‐scale synthesis of value‐added products from the lignocelluloses are covered.
The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Oberman Lindsay M. , Francis Sunday M. , Lisanby Sarah H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNoninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have recently emerged as alternative, nonpharmacological interventions for a variety of psychiatric, neurological, and neurodevelopmental conditions. NIBS is beginning to be applied in both research and clinical settings for the treatment of core and associated symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including social communication deficits, restricted and repetitive behaviors, irritability, hyperactivity, depression and impairments in executive functioning and sensorimotor integration. Though there is much promise for these targeted device‐based interventions, in other disorders (including adult major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) where rTMS is FDA cleared), data on the safety and efficacy of these interventions in individuals with ASD is limited especially in younger children when neurodevelopmental interventions typically begin. Most studies are open‐label, small scale, and/or focused on a restricted subgroup of individuals with ASD. There is a need for larger, randomized controlled trials that incorporate neuroimaging in order to develop predictive biomarkers of treatment response and optimize treatment parameters. We contend that until such studies are conducted, we do not have adequate estimates of the safety and efficacy of NIBS interventions in children across the spectrum. Thus, broad off‐label use of these techniques in this population is not supported by currently available evidence. Here we discuss the existing data on the use of NIBS to treat symptoms related to ASD and discuss future directions for the field.
Bio‐inspired photonic crystals: Tailoring the dielectric building blocks to control the light propagation
Authors: Zhu Cun , Tian Lei , Cheng Wei , Gu Zhongze 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhotonic crystals have drawn tremendous attention in recent years owing to their unique optical properties and remarkable advantages in various applications such as bioassays, sensors and optical devices. Benefiting from the spatially ordered structures, the flow of visible light can be manipulated by photonic crystals in a controlled manner. In this review, we summarize recent progress toward bio‐inspired photonic crystals, including techniques for the construction of spatially ordered structures in diverse dimensions for photonic crystals, and strategies to manipulate the periodicity of the dielectric building blocks to control the light propagation in the presence of external stimuli. We start with the description of structure induced colors in nature with a systematic investigation to reveal the derivation of these colors, followed by a discussion on the design and fabrication of various types of bio‐inspired photonic crystals by manipulating the arrangement of dielectric building blocks. We also highlight the stimuli responsive photonic crystals with tunable optical properties and their applications in sensing and color display.
Control of Relative Positions of Electron‐Donor and Electron‐Acceptor Molecules in Charge‐Transfer Complexes for Luminescent Property Modulation
Authors: Kinoshita Yo , Oka Kouki , Nakajima Hiromi , Tohnai Norimitsu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCharge‐transfer complexes can exhibit various physical properties that depend on the relative positions of electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor molecules. Several studies have investigated the relationship between the relative positions of electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor molecules and their luminescence properties. However, elucidating the correlation between the relative positions and detailed luminescence processes without changing the molecular structures has not been explored. Herein, we report control of the relative position based on charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds between sulfo and amino groups and on alkylamines’ steric factors, and report concomitant modulation of the luminescent properties. Six charge‐transfer complexes were prepared from anthracene‐2,6‐disulfonic acid and 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene as electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor molecules, and various alkylamines. Different alkylamines′ steric factors drastically and precisely changed the relative positions of the electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor molecules without changing their molecular structures. Consequently, the six crystals exhibited maximum emission wavelengths from 543 to 624 nm and different luminescence processes.
Please Mind the Gap: Highly Condensed P–N Networks in LiP4N7 and Li3−xP6N11−x(NH)x
Authors: Schneider Stefanie , Klenk Sebastian , Kloss Simon D. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlkali nitridophosphates AP4N7 and A3P6N11 (A=Na, K, Rb, Cs) have been known for decades. However, their Li homologues have remained elusive. In this work, the highly condensed lithium (imido)nitridophosphates LiP4N7 and Li3−xP6N11−x(NH)x (x=1.66(3)) were synthesized from LiPN2 and P3N5 in the multianvil press at 10 GPa. They constitute the first lithium nitridophosphates with 3D networks exhibiting a degree of condensation larger than 0.5 and high thermal stability. LiP4N7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a=4.5846(6) Å, b=8.0094(11) Å, and c=13.252(2) Å (Z=4). Li3−xP6N11−x(NH)x crystallizes in the triclinic space group P
with Z=2, a=4.6911(11) Å, b=7.024(2) Å, c=12.736(3) Å, α=87.726(11), β=80.279(11), and γ=70.551(12)°. Both compounds are stable against hydrolysis in air.
One‐step hydrothermal synthesis of a green NiCo‐LDHs‐rGO composite for the treatment of lead ion in aqueous solutions
Authors: Makarem Ata , Aldaghi Alireza , Gheibi Mohammad , Eftekhari Mohammad , Behzadian Kourosh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, we have synthesized a microspherical nickel‐cobalt‐layered double hydroxides‐reduced graphene oxide composite (NiCo‐LDHs‐rGO) through a one‐step hydrothermal method and then used it as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), mapping elemental analysis, electron dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method were used for the characterization of the adsorbent. Factors affecting the adsorption of Pb2+ ion such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, competing ion, and regeneration were investigated in batch mode by the NiCo‐LDHs‐rGO. Under optimized conditions based on the Taguchi method (pH = 5.0, adsorbent dosage = 20 mg, and contact time = 30 min), the highest removal percentage was found to be 99.7% for 100 mg L−1 of Pb2+. According to the results, NiCo‐LDHs‐rGO exhibited a high preference for Pb2+ over Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. This adsorbent was regenerated for several cycles (using 0.01 M HCl) with no significant deterioration in performance. Analyses of the adsorption isotherm models revealed that the adsorption of Pb2+ follows Freundlich isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 200 mg g−1. Also, the kinetic data confirmed that pseudo second order kinetic equation is the best model for predicting the kinetics. Furthermore, the Simulink modelling illustrated that the adsorption kinetics of Pb2+ onto NiCo‐LDHs‐rGO is done with high accuracy in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor. Finally, dual interactions of the effective parameters can be modelled by polynomial equations in MATLAB, and according to the Taguchi model, pH is clearly the most important feature among all effective parameters.
The impacts of anemia burden on clinical outcomes in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Ho I‐Wei , Kuo Ming‐Jen , Hsu Pai‐Feng , Lee I‐Hsin , Hsu Teh‐Fu , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Huang Chin‐Chou 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOut‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has low survival rates, and few patients achieve a desirable neurological outcome. Anemia is common among OHCA patients and has been linked to worse outcomes, but its impact following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is unclear. This study examines the relationship between anemia burden and clinical outcomes in OHCA patients.HypothesisHigher anemia burden after ROSC may be related to higher mortality and worse neurologic outcomes.MethodsPatients who experienced OHCA and had ROSC were enrolled retrospectively. Anemia burden was defined as the area under curve from the target hemoglobin level over a 72‐h period after OHCA. Hemoglobin level was measured at 12‐h intervals. The clinical outcomes of the study included mortality and neurological outcomes at Day 30.ResultsThe study enrolled 258 nontraumatic OHCA patients who achieved ROSC between January 2017 and December 2021. Among the 162 patients who survived more than 72 h, a higher anemia burden, specifically target hemoglobin levels below 7 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.129, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.013–1.259, p = .029), 8 (HR: 1.099, 95% CI: 1.014–1.191, p = .021), and 9 g/dL (HR: 1.066, 95% CI: 1.001–1.134, p = .046) was associated with higher 30‐day mortality. Additionally, anemia burden with target hemoglobin levels below 7 (HR: 1.129, 95% CI: 1.016–1.248; p = .024) and 8 g/dL (HR: 1.088; 95% CI: 1.008–1.174, p = .031) was linked to worse neurological outcomes.ConclusionsAnemia burden predicts 30‐day mortality and neurological outcomes in OHCA patients who survive more than 72 h. Maintaining higher hemoglobin levels within the first 72 h after ROSC may improve short‐term outcomes.
Pushing the Boundaries of Covalent Organic Frameworks through Postsynthetic Linker Exchange
Authors: Shreeraj G. , Giri Arkaprabha , Patra Abhijit 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a fast‐developing family of porous organic materials that have received substantial research interest during the last two decades. Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is the cornerstone of COF fabrication. DCC is a process that entails reversible bond breaking‐reforming under equilibrium to attain the thermodynamically most stable structure. Due to the reversible nature of the covalent linkages, the building blocks of pre‐synthesized COF or pre‐assembled chemical entities, like network polymers and supramolecular hosts, can be replaced postsynthetically under appropriate reaction conditions. The technique is known as postsynthetic linker exchange (PLE). PLE provides an easy way to introduce functional building blocks into the COF backbone and control its chemical and physical properties. In this article, we have highlighted the recent advancements (from 2017 to 2023) in the postsynthetic linker exchange strategy for constructing highly crystalline and porous COFs that are often unattainable via de novo fabrication. The mechanistic insights of the linker exchange process for transforming various parent entities, such as COFs, amorphous covalent organic networks, linear polymers, and molecular cages to daughter COFs, have been deliberated with fascinating examples. We have also outlined some future avenues for applying the PLE process for the large‐scale fabrication of highly crystalline COFs for real‐time applications.
Energy‐efficient sender‐initiated threshold‐based load balancing (e‐STLB) in cloud computing environment
Authors: Malla Parvaz Ahmad , Sheikh Sophiya , Shahid Mohammad , Mushtaq Sheikh Umar 
Published: October 2023

SummaryCloud computing has transformed service delivery through its pay‐per‐use model, supporting diverse users with multiple heterogeneous Virtual Machines (VMs). However, energy consumption has emerged as a critical concern, necessitating cloud resource optimization for environment‐friendly practices. This research paper presents an innovative energy‐efficient threshold‐based sender‐initiated load‐balancing strategy (e‐STLB) to address this concern. The approach employs threshold values to trigger task migration between VMs, ensuring optimal performance while maximizing energy efficiency. The proposed strategy significantly reduces Makespan and increases Resource Utilization in an energy‐conscious manner. Experimental evaluations using Cloudsim 3.0 demonstrate that the e‐STLB outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art solutions, offering a compelling approach to sustainable cloud computing.
Corporate governance and financial performance: Reframing their relationship in the context of climate change
Authors: Aibar‐Guzmán Beatriz , Raimo Nicola , Vitolla Filippo , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn addressing the challenges of climate change (CC), companies face the difficult task of reconciling long‐term environmental goals and short‐term financial interests. In this paper, we argue that that effective climate governance enables companies to balance both objectives, supporting a business case for CC action. For a sample of 832 multinationals for the period 2011–2020, the findings show that effective climate governance leads to higher corporate financial performance (FP) and this relationship is strengthen by better climate performance. Furthermore, effective climate governance is driven by the ownership of long‐term institutional investors, whose positive influence is reinforced by homogeneous distribution of their ownership. We provide a broad analytical framework that considers the determinants and effects of climate governance, from which theoretical and practical implications can be derived.
Does corporate social performance improve environmentally adjusted efficiency? Evidence from the energy sector
Authors: Maside‐Sanfiz José Manuel , Suárez Fernández Óscar , López‐Penabad María‐Celia , Alzghoul Mohammad Omar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study analyses the impact of corporate social performance (CSP), proxied by the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Index and its pillars and dimensions, on the environmentally adjusted efficiency (EAE) of 239 listed companies, over the period 2016–2021, in the global energy sector. The EAE index, estimated via data envelopment analysis (DEA), assesses the efficiency of companies by considering economic aspects alongside CO2 and energy consumption reduction targets. Our results support the hypothesis that only above a certain level of performance, do CSP practices positively influence EAE, so there is a non‐linear U‐shaped association between the overall ESG score and EAE. The same holds for the social and governance pillars, and the human rights and management subspecific dimensions, on EAE. Other ESG attributes show a positive linear relationship with EAE, namely the environmental pillar, the environmental innovation dimension and the shareholder dimension. Our paper has significant implications for companies, policy makers and researchers insofar as it estimates EAE and indicates which CSP practices should be invested in over the long term to have a positive effect on it.
Development of a Highly Selective NAD+‐Dependent Glyceraldehyde Dehydrogenase and its Application in Minimal Cell‐Free Enzyme Cascades
Authors: Teshima Mariko , Sutiono Samuel , Döring Manuel , Beer Barbara , Boden Mikael , Schenk Gerhard , Sieber Volker 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change has been caused by over‐exploitation of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions. To counteract this, the chemical industry has shifted its focus to sustainable chemical production and the valorization of renewable resources. However, the biggest challenges in biomanufacturing are technical efficiency and profitability. In our minimal cell‐free enzyme cascade generating pyruvate as the central intermediate, the NAD+‐dependent, selective oxidation of D‐glyceraldehyde was identified as a key reaction step to improve the overall cascade flux. Successive genome mining identified one candidate enzyme with 24‐fold enhanced activity and another whose stability is unaffected in 10 % (v/v) ethanol, the final product of our model cascade. Semi‐rational engineering improved the substrate selectivity of the enzyme up to 21‐fold, thus minimizing side reactions in the one‐pot enzyme cascade. The final biotransformation of D‐glucose showed a continuous linear production of ethanol (via pyruvate) to a final titer of 4.9 % (v/v) with a molar product yield of 98.7 %. Due to the central role of pyruvate in diverse biotransformations, the optimized production module has great potential for broad biomanufacturing applications.
LUT‐DSP usage trade‐off for re‐configurable convolution acceleration core based on small logarithmic floating point representation
Authors: Xiong Botao , Fan Sheng , He Xintong , Zhou Zezhao , Yang Runhua , Li Sicun , Shen Rensheng , Chang Yuchun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe challenge in designing the high‐performance field‐programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based convolution accelerator is to take full advantage of the on‐chip computing resources. The reported CNN accelerators always exhaust the on‐chip DSPs and leave other computing resources under‐utilized. Hence, this brief presents a novel convolution acceleration core based on the small logarithmic floating‐point (SLFP) format, which results in three contributions. (1) The SLFP<3,5> multiplier is only implemented with
LUT6s and operates at 650 MHz with the aid of the carry chain, which provides sufficient accuracy for most CNNs. In addition, a similar structure can be used to implement a SLFP<3,5> divider. (2) The DSPs in the TWO24 SIMD mode are cascaded to implement a 9‐input adder tree. The sum of the multiples of
elements (e.g.,
,
) is easily obtained by configuring the last DSP in the 9‐input adder tree in the accumulation mode, which can support more kernels (e.g.,
,
) with a high utilization rate (
). (3) The convolution core based on the SLFP format only uses
LUT6s and
DSPs to achieve 1300 MOPS, 433 MOPS, and 81 MOPS for
,
, and
kernel, respectively. In summary, the proposed convolution accelerator not only balances the resource usage of LUT6s and DSPs but also quantizes most CNN models using several simple scaling operations instead of a computing‐intensive retraining algorithm because the distribution of SLFP numbers is very similar to FP32 numbers.
A novel statistics for the NWDP: An appropriate fading model for 5G/6G mmWave communications
Authors: Salimian Rizi Fershteh , Falahati Abolfazl 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThere are many aspects concerning a new generation of communication systems that most existing channel models cannot address. For instance, the positioning of the transmitter and receiver is such that a large number of specular components are observed in the receiver due to the use of small cells. The two‐wave with diffuse power (TWDP) distribution is a model for the fading channel when two specular waves with many scattering components are present. The primary issue with this distribution is that its principal statistics are approximated. In this paper, precise analytical expressions for the statistics of this distribution are proposed. The proposed expressions only contain one multivariate Fox's ‐function term instead of the earlier approximations that included several complex mathematical functions like Legendre and Laguerre. The second issue with TWDP is that this model includes no more than two specular components, which in many environments is insufficient. Therefore, its generalization, that is, N‐wave with diffuse power (NWDP), is required. This channel‐fading model contains N specular components and multiple scattering components. This paper also calculates exact expressions for this distribution's statistics. In addition, the bit error rate (BER) for coherent and noncoherent modulations is calculated with the NWDP distribution for fading channel.