bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of telomere length, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis in spermatozoa of patients with oligospermia
Authors: Margiana Ria , Gupta Reena , Al‐Jewari Watheq Mohammed , Hjazi Ahmed , Alsaab Hashem O. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Singh Rajesh , Thaibt Ruiscul , Alkhayyat Safa , Ibrahim Ahmed Jaber 
Published: January 2024

Abstract50% of cases of infertility are caused by male factor, which acquired or congenital problems may bring on. Male infertility can be caused by oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, which are common. Since the same mutations that cause azoospermia in some people also cause oligozoospermia in others, oligozoospermia may be thought of as a less severe form of azoospermia. Studies have demonstrated telomere length, catalase activity, super oxide dismutase (SOD), and DNA fragmentation can be influential factors for male infertility. The amount of apoptosis, oxidative stress factors, telomere length, and DNA fragmentation were some aspects of healthy sperm that we chose to look into in this study and compare to oligospermia individuals. Oligospermia patients (n = 24) and fertile men (n = 27) semen samples were collected, and the apoptosis rate of sperms in both groups was analyzed (Flow cytometry). Also, gene expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic markers and telomere length were examined (real‐time polymerase chain reaction). The sperm DNA fragmentation kit was used to determine DNA fragmentation and to evaluate catalase and SOD activity; the specific kits and methods were utilized. Higher expression levels of caspase3 (p = .0042), caspase8 (p = .0145), caspase9 (p = .0275), and BAX (p = .0202) mRNA were observed in patients who had oligospermia. In contrast, lower mRNA expression of BCL‐2 (p = .0009) was detected in this group. In addition, telomere length was decreased in the oligospermia group (p < .0001) compared to the health group. Moreover, the frequency of apoptosis is induced in patients (p = .0026). The catalase activity is low (p = .0008), but the SOD activity is high (p = .0015) in the patient group. As a result of our findings, we may list the sperm cell apoptosis rate, telomere length, the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation, and lastly, the measurement of significant and efficient oxidative stress markers like SOD and catalase in semen plasma among the principal diagnostic characteristics for oligospermia. Future studies will be better able to treat oligospermia by showing whether these indicators are rising or falling.
Hypoxia and its effect on the cellular system
Authors: Rahane Dipali , Dhingra Tannu , Chalavady Guruswami , Datta Aishika , Ghosh Bijoyani , Rana Nikita , Borah Anupom , Saraf Shailendra , Bhattacharya Pallab 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases.
Models of care in secure services for people with intellectual and developmental disability: Implementing the Walkway to Wellness
Authors: McKinnon Iain , Iranpour Arman , Charlton Anne , Green Ellen , Groom Faye , Watts Oliver , McKenna Dannielle , Hackett Simon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges to policy around inpatient services for people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) who offend, have led to a need for services to reconsider their models of care. This has led to calls for more tailored, patient‐centred care models, with less reliance solely on offence‐related treatment programmes which can be unsuitable for a growing proportion of patients with more complex cognitive and behavioural difficulties. In response, the Walkway to Wellness (W2W) was developed at one National Health Service Trust providing secure services to people with IDD, with the intention of delivering a more collaborative, co‐produced and goal‐oriented care model that was better understood by staff and patient stakeholders.AimsTo evaluate the implementation of the W2W using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), an evidence‐based theoretical approach is used across a number of health settings.MethodsStaff were invited to complete a short questionnaire, using the NPT informed Normalisation Measure Development questionnaire, at two time points along the implementation process. Patients were invited to complete a simplified questionnaire. Both groups were asked for their views on the W2W and the process of its implementation.ResultsAlthough the W2W was more familiar to staff at the second time point, scores on the four NPT constructs showed a trend for it being less embedded in practice, with significant results concerning the ongoing appraisal of the new model. Patient views were mixed; some saw the benefit of more goal‐oriented processes, but others considered it an additional chore hindering their own perceived goals.ConclusionEarly involvement of all stakeholders is required to enhance the understanding of changes to models of care. Live feedback should be used to refine and revise the model to meet the needs of patients, carers and staff members.
Selective oxidative coupling of amines through light‐activated bismuth halide perovskites
Authors: Lopes Joana C. , Albero J. , Sampaio Maria J. , Silva Cláudia G. , García H. , Faria Joaquim L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBismuth halide perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives for sustainable and efficient photocatalysts for light‐induced organic transformations. Caesium bismuth halide perovskites (Cs3Bi2(ClxBr1‐x)9) with different ratios of chloride and bromide were synthesised using a one‐step solution process. These perovskites were then employed as photocatalysts for the photocatalytic oxidative coupling of benzylamine (BZA) to produce N‐benzylidenebenzylamine (BZI) under ultraviolet‐visible light radiation at ambient conditions. The incorporation of bromide ions into the chloride‐based perovskite resulted in a noticeable reduction in the bandgap, leading to an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity. Conversely, the addition of chloride ions within the bromide‐based perovskite was found to be beneficial for the material's photostability while simultaneously maintaining its high photocatalytic activity. The optimal compromise between the stability and photocatalytic activity for the BZI production was achieved using Cs3Bi2(Cl0.8Br0.2)9, being attained a total BZA conversion and the maximum BZI production with 100 % of selectivity after 6 hours of irradiation. The efficiency of this photocatalyst was ascribed to the highest current density observed during the photocurrent experiments, which improves the charge carrier mobility of the resulting material.
Strong Metal‐Support Interactions: From Characterization, Manipulation to Application in Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis and Atmospheric CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Wenzhe , Lin Heyun , An Yunlei , Lin Tiejun , Zhong Liangshu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStrong metal‐support interactions (SMSI) featuring the formation of encapsulation overlayer around metal nanoparticles has drawn much attention in heterogeneous catalysis. Recent years, various novel SMSI phenomena have been observed and the nature of SMSI also has been revealed with the improvement of characterization techniques. Understanding the SMSI effect could deepen the insight into the structure‐activity relationship of metal‐supported catalysts, and rationally guide the design of special metal‐interface sites to manipulate catalytic behavior in chemical reaction. In this review, the research progress of SMSI and its application in heterogeneous COx hydrogenation are briefly surveyed, with emphasis on the advanced characterization, manipulation strategy and specific role of SMSI in Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis process, CO2 methanation and Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction. The current challenges and perspectives for the development of SMSI are also discussed.
Crystalline to Amorphous: Unveiling the Potential of Transition Metal Oxide‐based Electrocatalysts for Facile Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Sarac Baran , Sezai Sarac A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition metal oxides/hydroxides exhibit reasonable oxygen activity in alkaline electrolytes and have been identified as potential electrocatalysts. Some highly active transition metal oxides or hydroxides can alter their surface chemistry in response to the electrolyte environment. This review presents the performance of some of the recently developed transition metal‐based oxides in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Despite the promising catalytic activity of many transition metals and their alloys due to their incompletely filled d orbitals, their low corrosion resistance in alkaline media barriers their use as electrocatalysts. Metallic glasses (MGs), with their disordered atomic structure, have many unique and exciting properties that cannot be found in crystalline metals. Metallic glasses′ unique chemical activity and corrosion resistance stem from their metastable and defective nature, as well as their structural and chemical homogeneity. In the case of Zr‐based MGs, the presence of MG−OHads and MG−Ox species on the surface for oxygen evolution enables rapid electron transfer to chemisorbed OH− with an “activated” MG surface leading to the generation of an amorphous Zr‐rich layer. Zr‐rich oxide layer formation favors the OER understood by decreased Tafel slope and highly stable nature during open circuit potential measurements in the alkaline solution. Unlike the as‐spun counterpart, the relatively small impedance magnitude and characteristic frequency for the post‐OER electrode corroborate the enhancement of oxygen evolution kinetics after electrochemistry. Compared with the early discovered electrodes, the MG‐oxide assembly outperforms many transition and precision metal‐based oxides and their composite forms regarding oxygen electroactivity and stability.
Metal Organic Frameworks Derived Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Song Zhaoqi , Zhao Jie , Ghani Usman , Liu Wei , Ye Bingqing , Cai Xingke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPorous materials are promising for energy applications and MOF‐derived layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets vertically align on the conductive substrates showed an ultrathin porous morphology with tunable coordination environments for the metallic sites. This unique structure provides larger surface area, better intrinsic electrochemical activity than conventional LDH nanosheets. Herein, the synthetic strategies of MOF‐derived LDHs and their promising applications in electrochemistry are reviewed, presenting the significant potential and challenges of MOFs‐derived LDH nanosheets in advanced energy storage and conversion applications, providing an effective platform for efficient and sustainable MOFs‐based systems in future.
Post‐Mortem Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Aging Processes in Acetonitrile‐based Supercapacitors
Authors: Kost Rebecka , Kreth Fabian A. , Balducci Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn ongoing challenge in the field of supercapacitors revolves around comprehending their failure mechanisms. The aging processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interphase of these devices are complex. Thus far, much attention has been directed toward examining the aging of electrodes, while fewer studies have been dedicated to the electrolyte's aging. This study aims to address this point and to gain a deeper understanding of the importance of individual decomposition products on the overall decomposition of the electrolytic solution of electric double‐layer capacitors. Therefore, the decomposition of the state‐of‐the‐art electrolyte 1 m solution of tetraethylammonium‐tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile and that of the same electrolyte doped with compounds known to form during its aging, such as acetamide, 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine, and triethylamine has been investigated post‐mortem. The results of this study show that GC‐MS is a useful technique to interpret and understand the degradation processes taking place in the electrolytes of supercapacitors.
Methyl‐Symmetrically Substituted Poly(3,4‐Dimethylthiophene) as Cathode for Aluminum Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Sihang , Wang Juan , Zhou Min , Jiang Kai , Wang Kangli 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aggravation of energy problems and the scarcity of lithium resources have forced us to look for new energy storage systems. Aluminum ion batteries, as a promising energy storage system, have the advantages of environmental friendliness and abundant aluminum resources, and have the potential for application in large‐scale energy storage and personal portable electronic devices. To solve the stability problem of aluminum ion batteries during cycling for large‐scale energy storage needs, we report a polythiophene‐based conductive polymer, poly(3,4‐dimethylthiophene) (PDMT), as a high performance cathode material for aluminum ion batteries. By introducing two methyl groups on the thiophene ring, we successfully adjust the local charge density of the heterocyclic thiophene, thus changing the electron delocalization characteristics, and improving the electrochemical reaction activity of the polythiophene (PTH) material as a redox electrode material. This also maintains the symmetry and regularity of the polymer structure, giving the material better cycling stability. The discharge specific capacity reaches 110 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1, far exceeding conventional PTH cathodes (~70 mAh g−1), and the capacity retention rate is 92.7 % after 1000 cycles. It also shows excellent rate performance due to the flexible structure of the conductive polymer.
A Strategy Based on “Ambident Anthracene” for the Synthesis of Higher‐Order Iptycenes
Authors: Iwata Takayuki , Hyodo Mizuki , Kawano Ryusei , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Takayuki Iwata and Mitsuru Shindo at Kyushu University. The image depicts the longest‐chain iptycene synthesized in this study, showing the connections between iptycene synthetic units by using transparent cases. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202303687.
Experimental Method Development for the Formation of Filter Cakes with Inhomogeneous Cake Geometry
Authors: Sauer Florian , Henn Hendrik , Peuker Urs , Hoffner Bernhard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFilteruchen bilden sich in industriellen Prozessen häufig mit ungleichmäßiger Kuchenhöhe. Dies kann den Erfolg anschließender Prozessschritte, z. B. der Filterkuchenwäsche oder der mechanischen Entfeuchtung, wesentlich beeinflussen. Um den Einfluss der Kuchengeometrie systematisch untersuchen zu können, muss eine Methode zur reproduzierbaren Bildung von Filterkuchen mit inhomogener Kuchengeometrie entwickelt werden. Gleichzeitig ist sicherzustellen, dass keine anderen Inhomogenitäten wie z. B. Strukturveränderungen auftreten. Es werden zwei experimentelle Methoden vorgestellt, welche eine Bildung von Filterkuchen mit inhomogener Geometrie ermöglichen. Vier inhomogene Kuchengeometrien werden untersucht. Die Kuchenstruktur der so gebildeten Filterkuchen ist mit der Kuchenstruktur eines ebenen Referenzfilterkuchens vergleichbar und wird nicht durch die beiden Methoden beeinflusst.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria: Evidence of systemic microcirculatory changes
Authors: Mostmans Yora , Maurer Marcus , Richert Bertrand , Smith Vanessa , Melsens Karin , De Maertelaer Viviane , Saidi Ines , Corazza Francis , Michel Olivier 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease where activation of endothelial cells (ECs) at sites of skin lesions leads to increased blood flow, leakage of fluid into the skin, cellular infiltration, and vascular remodeling. To understand the disease duration and the sometimes vague systemic symptoms accompanying flares, the objective of this study was to examine if CSU comes with systemic vascular changes at the microcirculatory level.MethodsWe investigated CSU patients (n = 49) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 44) for microcirculatory differences by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) and for blood levels of the soluble EC biomarkers serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble E‐selectin, and stem cell factor (SCF). Patients were also assessed for clinical characteristics, disease activity, and markers of autoimmune CSU (aiCSU).ResultsCSU patients had significantly lower capillary density, more capillary malformations, and more irregular capillary dilations than HCs on NVC. Serum levels of VEGF, soluble E selectin and SCF were similar in CSU patients and HCs. CSU patients with higher VEGF levels had significantly more abnormal capillaries. Patients with markers of aiCSU, that is, low IgE levels or increased anti‐TPO levels, had significantly more capillaries and less capillary dilations than those without.ConclusionOur results suggest that CSU comes with systemic microcirculatory changes, which may be driven, in part, by VEGF.
Lung cancer statistics, 2023
Authors: Kratzer Tyler B. , Bandi Priti , Freedman Neal D. , Smith Robert A. , Travis William D. , Jemal Ahmedin , Siegel Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite decades of declining mortality rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This article examines lung cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, survival, and mortality using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Over the past 5 years, declines in lung cancer mortality became considerably greater than declines in incidence among men (5.0% vs. 2.6% annually) and women (4.3% vs. 1.1% annually), reflecting absolute gains in 2‐year relative survival of 1.4% annually. Improved outcomes likely reflect advances in treatment, increased access to care through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and earlier stage diagnosis; for example, compared with a 4.6% annual decrease for distant‐stage disease incidence during 2013–2019, the rate for localized‐stage disease rose by 3.6% annually. Localized disease incidence increased more steeply in states with the highest lung cancer screening prevalence (by 3%–5% annually) than in those with the lowest (by 1%–2% annually). Despite progress, disparities remain. For example, Native Americans have the highest incidence and the slowest decline (less than 1% annually among men and stagnant rates among women) of any group. In addition, mortality rates in Mississippi and Kentucky are two to three times higher than in most western states, largely because of elevated historic smoking prevalence that remains. Racial and geographic inequalities highlight longstanding opportunities for more concerted tobacco‐control efforts targeted at high‐risk populations, including improved access to smoking‐cessation treatments and lung cancer screening, as well as state‐of‐the‐art treatment.
The impact of genomic biomarkers on a clinical risk prediction model for upgrading/upstaging among men with favorable‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Braun Avery E. , Chan June M. , Neuhaus John , Cowan Janet E. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Tenggara Imelda , Broering Jeanette M. , Simko Jeffry P. , Carroll Peter R. , Cooperberg Matthew R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe challenge of distinguishing indolent from aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) complicates decision‐making for men considering active surveillance (AS). Genomic classifiers (GCs) may improve risk stratification by predicting end points such as upgrading or upstaging (UG/US). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of GCs on UG/US risk prediction in a clinicopathologic model.MethodsParticipants had favorable‐risk PCa (cT1‐2, prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] ≤15 ng/mL, and Gleason grade group 1 [GG1]/low‐volume GG2). A prediction model was developed for 864 men at the University of California, San Francisco, with standard clinical variables (cohort 1), and the model was validated for 2267 participants from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) registry (cohort 2). Logistic regression was used to compute the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to develop a prediction model for UG/US at prostatectomy. A GC (Oncotype Dx Genomic Prostate Score [GPS] or Prolaris) was then assessed to improve risk prediction.ResultsThe prediction model included biopsy GG1 versus GG2 (odds ratio [OR], 5.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.73–9.10); PSA (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.20; per 1 ng/mL), percent positive cores (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02; per 1%), prostate volume (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; per mL), and age (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07; per year), with AUC 0.70 (cohort 1) and AUC 0.69 (cohort 2). GPS was associated with UG/US (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06; p < .01) and AUC 0.72, which indicates a comparable performance to the prediction model.ConclusionsGCs did not substantially improve a clinical prediction model for UG/US, a short‐term and imperfect surrogate for clinically relevant disease outcomes.
Cognitive archaeology, and the psychological assessment of extinct minds
Authors: Bruner Emiliano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvolutionary anthropology relies on both neontological and paleontological information. In the latter case, fields such as paleoneurology, neuroarchaeology, and cognitive archaeology are supplying new perspectives in prehistory and neuroscience. Cognitive archaeology, in particular, investigates the behaviors associated with extinct species or cultures according to specific psychological models. For example, changes in working memory, attention, or visuospatial integration can be postulated when related behavioral changes are described in the archaeological record. However, cognition is a process based on different and partially independent functional elements, and extinct species could hence have evolved distinct combinations of cognitive abilities or features, based on both quantitative and qualitative differences. Accordingly, differences in working memory can lead to more conceptual or more holistic mindsets, with important changes in the perception and management of the mental experience. The parietal cortex is particularly interesting, in this sense, being involved in functions associated with body–tool integration, attention, and visual imaging. In some cases, evolutionary mismatches among these elements can induce drawbacks that, despite their positive effects on natural selection, can introduce important constraints in our own mental skills. Beyond the theoretical background, some hypotheses can be tested following methods in experimental psychology. In any case, theories in cognitive evolution must acknowledge that, beyond the brain and its biology, the human mind is also deeply rooted in body perception, in social networks, and in technological extension.