bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Greek wines
Authors: Soufleros Evangelos H , Tricard Christian , Bouloumpasi Elisavet C 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe presence of ochratoxin A in foods and wines is of current interest owing to its toxic effects. Ochratoxin A is a widely distributed mycotoxin with nephrotoxic activity. It constitutes a new restrictive agent for the export of vinicultural products and is thus important from an economic as well as a scientific point of view. In this study the determination of ochratoxin A in Greek wines was made by means of commercial immunoaffinity columns for purification followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection for quantification of the toxin. The method was applied to 28 dry wines (14 red, 13 white, one rosé) and seven sweet wines (three red, four white) obtained by various viticultural and oenological practices. The levels of ochratoxin A ranged from <0.02 to 3.2 ng ml−1, with sweet wines containing higher levels than dry wines. Most of the wines contained relatively low concentrations of ochratoxin A (0.02–0.5 ng ml−1), which do not represent a serious risk to consumer health.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamics of the co‐composting of barley waste with liquid poultry manure
Authors: Guerra‐Rodríguez E , Vázquez M , Díaz‐Raviña M 
Published: January 2003

AbstractCo‐composting of barley waste with liquid poultry manure was assessed by monitoring several chemical and biological parameters related to compost stability/maturity throughout a 103 day period. A compost of solid poultry manure was used as the control, because a compost could not be obtained from the liquid manure. The materials composted reached thermophilic stage temperatures within 4 days, lasting for more than 10 days; thereafter the temperature decreased rapidly to around ambient levels. The initial pH value was around 9 for both mixtures and, despite an initial decrease, high values were maintained over the entire co‐composting process. Electrical conductivity increased with composting time, while the opposite behaviour was observed for total carbon content. Organic matter loss in the co‐composting of barley waste with liquid poultry manure was 35%. In general, the final products showed physicochemical characteristics considered normal for such materials, but pH and ammonia content values were high. The results of a bioassay test performed with seeds of three plant species (ryegrass, wheat and barley) indicated that the co‐compost could be considered mature from a biological point of view, since phytotoxicity was absent for ryegrass and barley. Comparison of these data with those obtained for solid poultry manure indicated that barley waste notably improved the composting efficiency as well as the quality of the final product.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Postharvest storage of Giant Cavendish bananas using ethylene oxide and sulphur dioxide
Authors: Williams Opal J , Raghavan G S V , Golden Kerith D , Gariépy Yvan 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe potential of ethylene oxide (EO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) to prevent ethylene‐stimulated fruit ripening was assessed using Giant Cavendish bananas. Studies were carried out in a cold room at 15 °C and terminated after 6 weeks. Product quality was assessed via visual observations and physiological assessments. Fruits were exposed to EO concentrations in the range 0–400 ppm for 12 h followed by storage in regular atmosphere (RA). Results showed that EO delayed ripening at 50 and 100 ppm for single exposure and at 50 and 200 ppm for repeated exposure. Treatment with 2 and 8 µg kg−1 SO2 was efficient in extending the shelf life of bananas for 4 weeks in RA and for 6 weeks under controlled atmosphere (CA). SO2 preserved the quality of bananas and reduced the incidence of fungal infections during storage; however, a concentration of 15 µg kg−1 shortened the shelf life. Fruits treated with low concentrations of EO and SO2 had harvest‐fresh appearance, good colour, minimum mould and excellent marketability compared with controls and store‐bought references. EO and SO2 are not approved for use on fresh fruits, with the exception of the use of SO2 on grapes and citrus fruits.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of extraction temperature on the final quality of espresso coffee
Authors: Andueza Susana , Maeztu Laura , Pascual Lucía , Ibáñez Carmen , de Peña M Paz , Cid Concepción 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe final quality of espresso coffee (EC) depends upon certain technical conditions, such as the extraction temperature used in preparing it. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of water temperature (88, 92, 96 and 98 °C) on the final quality of three types of EC (Arabica, Robusta Natural blend and Robusta Torrefacto blend) in order to select the optimal temperature. Volatile compound (analysed by Static headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and sensory flavour profiles were the most relevant parameters, whereas physicochemical, taste and mouthfeel parameters were not very useful for selecting the water temperature. For Arabica and Robusta Natural blend ECs, 92 °C was the optimal water temperature. For Robusta Torrefacto blend EC the overall acceptability might lead to the selection of 88 °C as the ideal water temperature, but the high percentages of key odorants related to roasty and earthy/musty flavours and the ‘not hot enough’ perception dictated the selection of 92 °C in this case as well.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
A reproducing kernel method with nodal interpolation property
Authors: Chen Jiun‐Shyan , Han Weimin , You Yang , Meng Xueping 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA general formulation for developing reproducing kernel (RK) interpolation is presented. This is based on the coupling of a primitive function and an enrichment function. The primitive function introduces discrete Kronecker delta properties, while the enrichment function constitutes reproducing conditions. A necessary condition for obtaining a RK interpolation function is an orthogonality condition between the vector of enrichment functions and the vector of shifted monomial functions at the discrete points. A normalized kernel function with relative small support is employed as the primitive function. This approach does not employ a finite element shape function and therefore the interpolation function can be arbitrarily smooth. To maintain the convergence properties of the original RK approximation, a mixed interpolation is introduced. A rigorous error analysis is provided for the proposed method. Optimal order error estimates are shown for the meshfree interpolation in any Sobolev norms. Optimal order convergence is maintained when the proposed method is employed to solve one‐dimensional boundary value problems. Numerical experiments are done demonstrating the theoretical error estimates. The performance of the method is illustrated in several sample problems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐uniform plastic deformation of micron scale objects
Authors: Niordson Christian F. , Hutchinson John W. 
Published: January 2003

Abstract Significant increases in apparent flow strength are observed when non‐uniform plastic deformation of metals occurs at the scale ranging from roughly one to ten microns. Several basic plane strain problems are analysed numerically in this paper based on a new formulation of strain gradient plasticity. The problems are the tangential and normal loading of a finite rectangular block of material bonded to rigid platens and having traction‐free ends, and the normal loading of a half‐space by a flat, rigid punch. The solutions illustrate fundamental features of plasticity at the micron scale that are not captured by conventional plasticity theory. These include the role of material length parameters in establishing the size dependence of strength and the elevation of resistance to plastic flow resulting from constraint on plastic flow at boundaries. Details of the finite element method employed in the numerical analysis of the higher order gradient theory will be discussed and related to prior formulations having some of the same features. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Voxel‐based meshing and unit‐cell analysis of textile composites
Authors: Kim Hyung Joo , Swan Colby C. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractUnit‐cell homogenization techniques are frequently used together with the finite element method to compute effective mechanical properties for a wide range of different composites and heterogeneous materials systems. For systems with very complicated material arrangements, mesh generation can be a considerable obstacle to usage of these techniques. In this work, pixel‐based (2D) and voxel‐based (3D) meshing concepts borrowed from image processing are thus developed and employed to construct the finite element models used in computing the micro‐scale stress and strain fields in the composite. The potential advantage of these techniques is that generation of unit‐cell models can be automated, thus requiring far less human time than traditional finite element models. Essential ideas and algorithms for implementation of proposed techniques are presented. In addition, a new error estimator based on sensitivity of virtual strain energy to mesh refinement is presented and applied. The computational costs and rate of convergence for the proposed methods are presented for three different mesh‐refinement algorithms: uniform refinement; selective refinement based on material boundary resolution; and adaptive refinement based on error estimation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesh deformation using the biharmonic operator
Authors: Helenbrook Brian T. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe use of the biharmonic operator for deforming a mesh in an arbitrary–Lagrangian–Eulerian simulation is investigated. The biharmonic operator has the advantage that two conditions can be specified on each boundary of the mesh. This allows both the position and the normal mesh spacing along a boundary to be controlled, which is important for two‐fluid interfaces and periodic boundaries. At these boundaries, we can simultaneously fix the position of the boundary and ensure that the normal mesh spacing is continuous across the boundary. In addition, results for deforming surfaces show that greater surface deformation can be tolerated when using biharmonic equations compared to approaches using second‐order partial differential equations. A final advantage is that with the biharmonic operator, the integrity of a grid in a moving boundary layer can be preserved as the boundary moves. The main disadvantage of the approach is its increased computational expense. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the strong discontinuity approach in finite deformation settings
Authors: Oliver J. , Huespe A. E. , Pulido M. D. G. , Samaniego E. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTaking the strong discontinuity approach as a framework for modelling displacement discontinuities and strain localization phenomena, this work extends previous results in infinitesimal strain settings to finite deformation scenarios.By means of the strong discontinuity analysis, and taking isotropic damage models as target continuum (stress–strain) constitutive equation, projected discrete (tractions–displacement jumps) constitutive models are derived, together with the strong discontinuity conditions that restrict the stress states at the discontinuous regime. A variable bandwidth model, to automatically induce those strong discontinuity conditions, and a discontinuous bifurcation procedure, to determine the initiation and propagation of the discontinuity, are briefly sketched. The large strain counterpart of a non‐symmetric finite element with embedded discontinuities, frequently considered in the strong discontinuity approach for infinitesimal strains, is then presented. Finally, some numerical experiments display the theoretical issues, and emphasize the role of the large strain kinematics in the obtained results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of soy protein isolate and conjugated linoleic acid on the growth of Dunning R‐3327‐AT‐1 rat prostate tumors
Authors: Cohen L.A. , Zhao Z. , Pittman B. , Scimeca J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidemiologic and animal model studies suggest that consumption of soy isoflavones may be associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (PC). In addition, animal model studies suggest that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a natural positional isomer of linoleic acid, inhibits tumor growth in various models, including models of PC.METHODSBased on the above‐mentioned data, the objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that supplementation of the diet with combinations of isoflavone‐rich soy protein isolate and CLA would act to inhibit the growth of androgen‐independent R‐3327‐AT‐1 rat prostate tumor cells inoculated ectopically into male Copenhagen rats.RESULTSThe results of this study indicate that neither an isoflavone‐rich soy protein isolate (SPI), nor CLA inhibit the in vivo growth and development of prostate tumor cells when administered in the diet either singly or in combination. Moreover, at the highest concentrations SPI and CLA (i.e., 20% SPI, 1% CLA), there was a statistically significant increase in tumors volume over controls. Administration of SPI at 10% in the diet also enhanced tumor growth, whereas at 5%, SPI exerted no measurable effect. CLA administration alone had no observable effects on AT‐1 tumor growth.CONCLUSIONThese results, in an established rat model, suggest caution in using isoflavone‐rich SPI in human studies involving advanced hormone‐refractory prostate cancer until further investigation of these effects are completed. Prostate 54: 169–180, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic and pharmacologic characteristics of epithelial cells in a semi‐intact preparation of the rat ventral prostate gland
Authors: Mycielska Maria E. , Szatkowski Marek , Djamgoz Mustafa B.A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe essential ionic and pharmacologic characteristics of epithelial cells within the ducts of the prostate gland are not well known.METHODSExperiments were carried out on segments of ventral prostate glands from adult male rats. By using sharp microelectrodes, intracellular epithelial cell and transepithelial (lumen) potentials were recorded in response to ionic substitution and application of ion channel blockers, hormones, and other pharmacologic agents related to prostatic function.RESULTSMembrane permeabilities to K+, Na+, and Cl− were found to account for approximately 43% of the resting membrane potential, whereas some 39% was likely to be metabolic in origin. The membrane potential also responded to adrenaline, acetylcholine, insulin, prolactin, testosterone, nerve growth factor, and nitric oxide. The lumen potential was found to be particularly sensitive to citrate, prolactin, and testosterone.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that the basal membrane potential of prostatic epithelial cells is associated with a relatively high Na+:K+ permeability ratio and metabolic dependence. The hormonal and pharmacologic sensitivity observed is consistent with the functional characteristics of the prostate gland. Prostate 54: 156–167, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of functionally active cannabinoid receptor CB1 in the human prostate gland
Authors: Ruiz‐Llorente Lidia , Sánchez María G. , Carmena María J. , Prieto Juan C. , Sánchez‐Chapado Manuel , Izquierdo Adriana , Díaz‐Laviada Inés 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCannabinoids exert a wide spectrum of effects in men including alterations in the reproductive system. To date, two types of cannabinoid receptors have been cloned in humans, namely CB1 and CB2 belonging to the G protein‐coupled receptor superfamily. Although cannabinoids have functional and morphologic effects in the prostate gland, the expression of cannabinoid receptors in this tissue has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human prostate gland and their regulatory effects on adenylyl cyclase activity.METHODSTo investigate the existence of cannabinoid receptors in prostate, we used various methods, including reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Adenylyl cyclase activity was analyzed by measuring the cAMP produced by means of a competitive assay by using PKA.RESULTSBoth mRNA for CB1 and the corresponding protein are expressed in the human prostate gland at a level comparable with the receptor expressed in cerebellum. The molecular mass of the protein estimated from Western blot analysis was 58 kDa, which is in concordance with previous data for CB1 in other tissues. Immunohistochemical studies show that CB1 is preferentially expressed in the epithelia of the prostate. The cannabinoid receptor expressed in the prostate negatively regulates adenylyl cyclase activity through a pertussis toxin‐sensitive protein. Prostate 54: 95–102, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in human prostate tissue, premalignant changes, and in primary, metastatic, and recurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fixemer Thomas , Remberger Klaus , Bonkhoff Helmut 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDEstrogen signaling mediated by the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has potential implications in normal and abnormal prostate growth. Few studies have addressed this issue in human prostate tissue leaving conflicting results on the immunolocalization of the ERβ in benign and neoplastic lesions.METHODSUsing a new monoclonal antibody, the current study reports on the differential expression of the ERβ in tissue sections from 132 patients with prostate cancer.RESULTSThe prostatic epithelium expressed the ERβ extensively in secretory luminal cell types and at lower levels in basal cells. Atrophic changes of the peripheral zone (PZ) were more immunoreactive than hyperplastic lesions of the transition zone (TZ). When compared with glandular tissue of the PZ, high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) revealed decreased levels of the ERβ in 30 of 47 cases and was unreactive in six lesions. In informative cases with suitable internal controls, all primary tumors (n = 60), lymph node (n = 7), and bone metastases (n = 5) expressed the ERβ at variable degree. No correlation was found between the ERβ status, the primary Gleason grade (P = 0.254), and the pathological stage (P = 0.157). Recurrent adenocarcinoma revealed markedly decreased levels in 15 of 40 cases and was ERβ negative in five recurrent lesions.CONCLUSIONSThe secretory epithelium is a major target of ERβ‐mediated estrogen signaling in the human prostate. Its downregulation in HGPIN is consistent with chemopreventive effects that the ERβ may exert on the prostatic epithelium. The continuous expression of the receptor protein at significant levels in untreated primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma indicates that these tumors can use estrogens through an ERβ‐mediated pathway. The partial loss of the ERβ in recurrent tumors after androgen‐deprivation may reflect the androgen‐dependence of ERβ gene expression in human prostate cancer. Prostate 54: 79–87, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical significance of chromosome 8p, 10q, and 16q deletions in prostate cancer
Authors: Matsuyama Hideyasu , Pan Yi , Yoshihiro Satoru , Kudren David , Naito Katsusuke , Bergerheim Ulf S.R. , Ekman Peter 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe lack simple and reliable diagnostic tools to predict pathological staging as well as further progression of prostate cancer in individual cases.METHODSWe studied deletions on 8p (8p22 and 8p23‐pter), 10q (10q24‐qter), and 16q (16q24) by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 53 specimens from patients with prostate cancer, and compared the status of these deletions with various clinical parameters. Forty‐five cases were further evaluated regarding disease progression with a median follow‐up period of 62 months.RESULTSThe overall frequencies of deletions for 8p, 10q, and 16q were 74, 55, and 55%, respectively. The frequency of 8p and 16q deletions increased significantly in parallel with tumor grade (P < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively), while that of 10q deletions did not. Patients whose tumors showed 8p22 deletions had a significantly higher frequency in pT3 or metastatic tumors than in pT2 tumors. Patients whose tumors showed both 8p22 and 16q24 deletions had a significantly higher frequency of nodal metastases than non‐metastases. A Cox hazard proportional model revealed 8p22 deletion to be the strongest parameter predictive of disease progression (hazard ratio = 6.624; P = 0.0001).CONCLUSIONEstimation of 8p22 and 16q24 deletions may serve as a genetic diagnosis for predicting pathological staging as well as disease progression in prostate cancer. Prostate 54: 103–111, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in Caucasian Mediterranean males: An autopsy study
Authors: Sánchez‐Chapado Manuel , Olmedilla Gabriel , Cabeza Manuel , Donat Emilio , Ruiz Antonio 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of carcinoma of the prostate gland (CaP) and high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) was assessed in a Spanish population, representative of the Caucasian Mediterranean (CM) ethnic group. Data were compared with those described in populations from other geographical regions and in other ethnic groups.MethodsCaP and HGPIN were evaluated in a consecutive series of prostatic glands collected at the post‐mortem examination of 162 male patients born and living in Spain, aged 20–80 years, and dying from trauma. The glands were sliced every 2–3 mm. All slices were paraffin embedded and sectioned to obtain 5 μm whole‐mount sections. To compare the prevalence rate in our series and in other Caucasian populations with that from other geographical areas and other ethnic groups, we used data from the autopsy study performed at the Wayne State University.ResultsPrevalence of CaP is 3.58, 8.82, 14.28, 23.80, 31.7, and 33.33% in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th decades, respectively. The rates of HGPIN were 7.14, 11.75, 35.71, 38.06, 45.40, and 48.15% at the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 8th decades of life. Both CaP and HGPIN are located preferentially at the peripheral zone of the gland and in 21/27 cases (77.7%), an association between CaP and HGPIN was found. The prevalence of both lesions in CM males is significantly lower than in Caucasian American (CA) and Afro‐American (AA) males in all the age groups evaluated.ConclusionsMicroscopic foci of CaP and HGPIN can be documented in CM males from the 3rd decade of life onwards. The lesions become more frequent and extensive as age increases. The prevalence of both lesions seems to be significantly lower in the CM population than in CA and AA males in all the age groups evaluated. Prostate 54: 238–247, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.