bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planejamento da alta hospitalar do recém-nascido prematuro realizado por enfermeiros
Authors: Sales Antunes Brum Bibiana , Ratico de Quadros Daniela Cristina , Osmari Correa Fernanda , D’Avila Silva Gustavo , Teresinha Senfer de Macedo Ivanda , Da Silva Larissa 
Published: October 2023

Introdução: O planejamento de alta hospitalar abrange toda a equipe multidisciplinar, além de evidenciar a importância da equipe de enfermagem, tendo em vista que são estes os profissionais que estão à frente do cuidado. Objetivo: Conhecer como são realizados os planejamentos de alta do recém-nascido prematuro pelos profissionais enfermeiros. Método: Pesquisa de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e transcritas na íntegra. O local da investigação foi uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um Hospital de grande porte da região da Foz do Rio Itajaí. A pesquisa foi realizada no período março a maio de 2023, onde foram entrevistadas 9 enfermeiras da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Foi utilizado a análise temática de Minayo. Resultados: Participaram do estudo nove enfermeiros. Quanto às categorias, emergiram duas: Estratégia municipal de saúde pública como facilitador no processo de alta hospitalar e Potencialidades e fragilidades no processo de alta hospitalar. Conclusão: Evidencia-se o papel do enfermeiro como facilitador do processo da alta hospitalar do recém-nascido prematuro.
Thoracoscopy and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in Diagnostics of Pneumothoraxes, Traumatic Defeats of Thorax with Pneumothoraxes
Authors: Nevzghoda Olexandr , Nevzghoda Anatoly 
Published: October 2023

In modern conditions, it is necessary to carry out interdisciplinary clinical and pharmacological, organizational and pharmaceutical researches on the correctness of diagnosis, treatment, pharmacotherapy and the appointment of life-necessary, effective, safe and high-quality medicines. This is due to the fact that the system of legal relations "doctor-patient-pharmacist" during the pandemic of COVID-19 and associated diseases (cardiovascular, oncological, tuberculosis, type I and II diabetes, asthma, HIV/AIDS, drug addiction, alcoholism, psychoneurological, injuries resulting from traffic accidents and combat operations, pain of various genesis and others) showed the need to improve the health care sector in each country, in general, and the work of a separate health care institution, doctor, nurse and pharmacist , in particular, that is, access to medical services and provision of medicines to patients.
The analysis of the anonymous results of diagnostics among 1368 patients and in 160 victims with closed chest trauma was carried out. There were 425 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Thoracoscopy or video thoracoscopy was used to verify nosologies. During the thoracoscopic examination, bullous emphysema of the lungs was found among 336 patients (79%) with pneumothorax, tuberculosis was diagnosed among 47 people (11%), lung cancer in 6.8% – 29 people; silicosis – 2.4% (10 people); sarcoid – 0.7% (3 people). According to the results of histopathological examination of biopsies obtained during thoracoscopy, tuberculous exudative pleurisy was found in 563 patients, lung cancer was the cause of the exudate in 133 cases, pleural mesothelioma was diagnosed in 98 cases, exudative pleurisy was caused by a nonspecific inflammatory process of the lungs in 149 patients. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy is recommended to be used in patients with closed chest trauma with multiple rib fractures, complicated by small hemothorax, pneumothorax, to diagnose possible damage to the diaphragm, lungs, and pericardium.
Implementasi Metode Silabel dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Permulaan (Studi Kasus pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Harapan 2 Genteng)
Authors: Safitri Dini , Warsiman Warsiman 
Published: October 2023

Membaca permulaan merupakan sebuah tahapan proses belajar membaca bagi siswa sekolah dasar kelas awal. Namun, dalam kenyataan kemampuan membaca permulaan masih dijumpai banyak permasalahan pada siswa-siswa kelas lebih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil implementasi metode silabel dan faktor penyebab siswa yang mengalami kesulitan membaca permulaan, khususnya di kelas VII SMP Harapan 2 Genteng. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus (case study). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui asesemen, wawancara, kuesioner dan observasi. Hasil pembelajaran menggunakan metode silabel berbantuan media Snakes and Ladders (ular tangga), dan pengamatan yang dilakukan saat pelaksanaan pembelajaran, ditemukan terdapat dua dari tujuh siswa mengalami kesulitan membaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua orang siswa tidak mampu mencapai indikator penilaian membaca permulaan, sedangkan lima orang siswa lainnya mampu mencapai indikator tersebut dengan memperoleh nilai tertinggi 71% dan nilai terendah 28%. Demikian pula, hasil wawancara mendalam diperoleh data bahwa faktor dari kesulitan membaca siswa tersebut adalah daya ingat siswa yang rendah atau lemah dan gejala disleksia (gangguan belajar). Adapun hasil observasi menyatakan bahwa secara fisik partisipan tidak memiliki hambatan dalam pendengaran, penglihatan serta pengucapan. Kesimpulannya bahwa metode silabel efektif digunakan untuk mengetahui permasalahan kesulitan membaca permulaan siswa.
Pengaruh Pendidikan, Pelatihan Komunikasi Internal dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Fatmawala Siti , Latupapua Conchita V. , Risambessy Agusthina 
Published: October 2023

Pendidikan merupakan modal bagi sumber daya manusia yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan, baik secara formal maupun keterampilan sumber daya manusia itu sendir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menjelaskan pengaruh Pendidikan Pelatihan, komunikasi internal dan disiplin terhadap kinerja pegawai. Menggunakan objek pada Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Tehnik pengambilan sampel jenuh sebanyak 53 orang responden. Menggunakan metode Analisa regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan software SPSS VS 26. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Pendidikan tidak berpengaruh terhada kinerja pegawai. Ditemukan nilai thitung = .652 > t tabel = 1.658 dan nilai P value atau Sig 0.105>0.05. Pelatihan berpengaruh terhada kinerja pegawai nilai thitung = 2.364> t tabel = 1.658 dan nilai P value atau Sig 0.011<0.05, Komunikasi Internal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja Pegawai nilai thitung = 2.119 > t tabel = 1.658 dan nilai P value atau Sig 0.003<0.05. dan Disiplin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai nilai thitung = 2.569 > t tabel = 1.658 dan nilai P value atau Sig 0.001<0.05. Dinas Ketenagakerjaan dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Saran untuk peneliti berikut bias mengkaji judsul in namun denga jumlah populasi yang lebih luas dan menambah variable lain dengan menggunakan metode analisi yang berbeda.
Impact of Information Sharing Strategy and Environmental Uncertainties on Bullwhip Effect in Food Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Al Kurdi Barween , Alshurideh Muhammad , AlHamad Ahmad , Akour Iman 
Published: October 2023

The bullwhip effect, a phenomenon characterized by amplified fluctuations in demand as they propagate through supply chains, poses significant challenges to the efficiency and responsiveness of food manufacturing industries. This qualitative research study aims to investigate the relationship between information sharing strategies and environmental uncertainties in shaping the magnitude and propagation of the bullwhip effect within food manufacturing supply chains. Drawing on a comprehensive review of existing literature, this research develops a conceptual framework that integrates key constructs of information sharing strategies and environmental uncertainties. The study employs a multi-case study approach, focusing on a diverse set of food manufacturing industries to explore the complex dynamics between these variables. Preliminary findings highlight the pivotal role of information transparency, collaborative communication, and technology-driven platforms in mitigating the bullwhip effect. Moreover, the research underscores the impact of environmental uncertainties, such as demand fluctuations, supply disruptions, and regulatory changes, on exacerbating the bullwhip effect. The study contributes to both theoretical and practical domains by shedding light on the nuanced relationships between information sharing strategies, environmental uncertainties, and the bullwhip effect. Insights from this research inform supply chain practitioners and decision-makers in food manufacturing industries on effective strategies for reducing the bullwhip effect and enhancing supply chain resilience.
Giant U Wave: Tanda Bahaya yang Harus Dikenali dalam Praktik Klinik Primer
Authors: Enggarela Asrina 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Detection of hypokalaemia by ECG accompanied by detailed history and physical examination will greatly facilitate diagnosis, initiate potassium correction therapy, and prevent further complications due to various cardiac arrhythmias and neurological dysfunctions. Case: A 40-year-old man with weakness in both leg muscles since last night, starting from the legs up to the thighs. Initial ECG showed sinus rhythm with a heart rate at 80 bpm, first-degree heart block (PR interval 240 ms); Q wave in III lead; “apparent” prolonged QTc interval at 551 ms; ST segment depression in I, II, and V3-V6 leads; ST segment elevation in aVR lead; T-wave inseparable from large U wave formed giant U wave that remarkedly seen in V2-V4 leads. Laboratory tests revealed very low serum potassium at 1.94 mmol/L Conclusion: In severe hypokalaemia, T and U waves will merge and form a giant U wave. Emergency and primary physicians should be familiar with the ECG changes of hypokalaemia, especially the giant U wave.
The derivation of direct and indirect scalar implicatures in L1 and L2
Authors: AL-Makatrah Elham Salem , Almbaideen Adnan Mjali 
Published: October 2023

Pragmatic inference, which examines how words rise in a context, is a crucial aspect of human communication and has been widely studied. This paper aimed to address the gap by focusing on direct (DSIs) and indirect (ISIs) scalar implicatures, which are examples of pragmatic inferences that emerge based on scaled informativity. Although DSIs and ISIs share a common derivation mechanism, they exhibit superficial differences that may impact their processing. To investigate this, a covered box test was conducted on a group of thirty native Arabic speakers learning English at Mutah University in Jordan. Results showed that participants had no difficulty computing both types of scalar implicatures (SIs) and tended to provide more pragmatic interpretations than logical ones. DSIs and ISIs seem to share the exact mechanism of derivation, even though indirect scalar implicatures drew fewer generation rates compared to direct ones. Additionally, the use of ‘partitive of’ had no significant effect on the derivation rates of either type of SIs. The study offers recommendations for future research in this area.
Bağımsızlık Dönemi Azerbaycan Edebiyatında Karabağ Temasını Yansıtan Dramlar, Senaryolar ve Filmlerin Tür Özellikleri, Sorunları ve Görüntüleri
Authors: ŞERİFOVA Salide 
Published: October 2023

Bağımsızlık dönemi Azerbaycan edebiyatında Karabağ temasını yansıtan drama eserlerinin, senaryoların ve filmlerin tür özelliği ilgi çekicidir. Birinci Karabağ Savaşı ve Vatanseverlik Savaşı olaylarını halka sunan drama çalışmaları, senaryolar ve filmler milli bilinç üzerinde bir etki bırakmıyor. Örneğin edebiyatın en muhafazakar türü olan dramaturji, edebî hayatı etkilemekte ve sanatsal düşüncenin gelişimini teşvik etmektedir. Dramatik tipte sanatsal bir örnek oluşturmanın sorumlu bir iş olduğu araştırmacılar tarafından belirtilmektedir.
Savaşın halk yaşamına etkisi, bağımsızlık dönemi Azerbaycan edebiyatında Karabağ konusunu yansıtan drama eserlerinde, senaryolarda ve filmlerde yaşanan sorunlarda kendini gösterir. Ayrıca savaş sırasındaki insanların yaşamlarının küçük bir modeli oluşturulmuş ve interaktif olarak topluma sunulmuştur. Savaşın konusu, gerçek yaşam olaylarının arka planına karşı sanatsal bir malzeme değil, toplumun içinden geçtiği tarihsel aşamanın sanatsal bir vizyonudur. Karabağ'ın kurtuluş mücadelesinin mihenk taşı haline gelen milli birliğimiz, Azerbaycancılık ve kaybettiğimiz toprakların kurtuluşu fikirleri ağırlıklı olarak tezahür ediyor.
Bağımsızlık dönemi Azerbaycan edebiyatında Karabağ konusunu yansıtan dramatik eserler, senaryolar ve filmler sorunu, milletin sorunlarını esas olarak iki yönde yansıtır: Birinci Karabağ Savaşı ve Vatan Savaşı.
Wilhem von Rubruk'a Göre Moğolların Etnoğrafyası
Authors: AYAN Ergin 
Published: October 2023

ÖZET
Bu çalışmada 1253-1255 yılları arasında papanın elçisi olarak Moğolların başkenti Karakurum’a gitmiş olan Wilhelm Von Rubruk’un seyahatnamesi esas alınarak Moğolların etnoğrafyası incelenmiştir. Moğollar, göçebe bir kavim idi, bu nedenle diğer Orta Asya step kavimleri gibi yaşam tarzları daima hareketlilik şeklinde olmuştur. Göçebeler, hayvanlarına tam olarak bağımlı idiler. Hükümdarlarına koşulsuz itaat gösteriyorlardı. Wilhelm Von Rubruk, Moğolları gördüğünde Avrupa’dan tamamen farklı adeta başka bir dünyayla karşılaştığını hissetmişti. O, Cengiz Han’ın kurmuş olduğu Moğol İmparatorluğu içinde seyahat ediyordu, Moğolların kökeni ve kültürü hakkında edindiği bilgileri seyahatnamesinde kaydetmiştir. O, ayrıca Moğolların beslenme koşullarını, giyim kuşamlarını, ölü gömme adetlerini de açıklayarak din ve inanışları hakkında da bilgiler vermiştir. Moğolların yurt denilen çadırları geniş öküz arabalarında taşınırdı. Erkeklerin asıl mesleği avcılıktı; ayrıca erkekler, yurtların ve arabaların imalatıyla ilgilenirlerdi. Kadınların ev işlerinin yanında ekonomik ve top¬lumsal alanda da önemli rolleri vardı. Moğolların adalet uygulaması kısmen çok katı olmakla beraber hukuki alanda itiraz hakkı da bulunmaktaydı. Evlilik bir sözleşme ile sonuçlandırılır, düğünler ciddi bir şekilde kutlanırdı. Dul bir kadın, öldükten sonra kocasına yeniden hizmet etmesi gerektiğine inanıldığı için yeniden evlenmezdi. Wilhelm Von Rubruk, Moğolların dini düşünce ve eylemlerinde Uygurların ve aralarında yaşayan Nasturilerin de etkisi olduğu görüşündedir. Moğollar ve Uygurlar tek Tanrı’ya inanıyorlardı, bununla birlikte, Tanrı'ya tapınmaları, atalar kültüyle şekillenmiştir.
Reforma fiscal 2022-2023: impacto en gastos personales y el impuesto a la renta a pagar
Authors: Reyes-Játiva Kevin Geovanni , Sarango-Lombeida Alisson Alexandra , Balcázar-Rivas Jordy Eduardo , Carvajal-Hinojosa Dylan Eduardo , López-Pérez Patricio Javier 
Published: October 2023

En Ecuador, tras el impacto de la pandemia, la normativa ecuatoriana ha sido cambiante, La presidencia presentó la Ley Orgánica para el Desarrollo Económico y Sostenibilidad Fiscal, eliminando gastos personales y modificando el pago del impuesto a la renta. Un año después, se cuestionó su viabilidad y constitucionalidad y en mayo de 2023, otra resolución presidencial y la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente alteraron nuevamente los procedimientos del impuesto a la renta. Esta investigación experimental manipula variables para estudiar el impacto de estas reformas, presentando datos cuantitativos para evaluar la realidad de las nuevas políticas tributarias, analizando la relación entre el impuesto a la renta a pagar de personas naturales y las variables independientes relacionadas con el cálculo del impuesto, como ingresos, gastos deducibles, personales, experimentando con el caso de una persona natural cuya actividad principal es el transporte, así también los factores tributarios ligados al pago del impuesto a la renta. Se realizó el análisis a los elementos del pago del Impuesto a la Renta, resultando así con la comparabilidad entre valores a pagar con respecto a las normativas vigente y la normativa anterior, así generando preguntas sobre su viabilidad y percepción por parte de los contribuyentes, y es que las últimas reformas tributarias en Ecuador según la investigación, y la realizada y tomada como referencia, afirman, que la normativa precedida tuvo un impacto negativo en el poder adquisitivo de las personas naturales, debido al aumento de los montos a pagar del IR, y bajo las controladas experimentaciones se deduce y se afirma que existe una diferencia a favor de la nueva normativa para el periodo del 2023, reflejando un beneficio financiero a las familias ecuatorianas, contrastando con las dificultades económicas impuestas por las reformas anteriores.
A HISTÓRIA DE PROFESSORES CEARENSES E A SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DO SABER PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Nogueira de , Pereira Ana Carolina Costa 
Published: October 2023

Esse texto busca caracterizar um projeto de pesquisa em desenvolvimento, em que se tem como ênfase a sistematização de saberes que devem ser registrados sobre o ensino de Matemática. A questão norteadora desse estudo é: que elementos podem ser extraídos da análise de registros documentais para sistematização do saber profissional do professor que ensinava matemática no Instituto de Humanidades (1904-1914), no Ceará? Nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o saber profissional fruto da atuação do professor que ensina matemática no Instituto de Humanidades (1904-1914) no Ceará, a partir da sistematização de fontes documentais. Metodologicamente esse estudo caracterizar-se por uma pesquisa documental de natureza qualitativa. Como resultados, buscamos apresentar os saberes envolvidos nas práticas de ensino de Matemática exercidas por professores do passado afim de compor tecituras que ajudem a compreender o presente, mostrando saberes que podem ser fundamentais para formação e prática docente.
Palavras-chave: Saber Profissional; Formação de Professores; História da Educação Matemática.
TINJAUAN LITERATUR : OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN KECERDASAN BUATAN PADA PERANCANGAN ANTARMUKA E-COMMERCE
Authors: Rahmat Taufik RL Bau Rahmat Taufik RL Bau , Dedy Abdianto Nggego Dedy Abdianto Nggego 
Published: October 2023

Penjualan secara online meningkat tajam karena semakin banyak orang yang membeli produk dan jasa secara online. Teknologi seperti artificial intelligence dan machine learning memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan pengalaman belanja online bagi pelanggan dan membantu perusahaan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) memberikan kontribusi besar dalam desain antarmuka e-commerce. AI memungkinkan e-commerce untuk mempersonalisasi antarmuka mereka sesuai dengan preferensi dan perilaku belanja pelanggan, membuat pengalaman belanja lebih baik. Dengan menggunakan algoritma machine learning, AI dapat memproses dan menganalisis data yang besar untuk memahami perilaku pelanggan dan membuat rekomendasi produk yang disesuaikan. Selain itu, AI membantu mengoptimalkan proses dan memberikan bantuan pelanggan yang lebih cepat dan efisien melalui chatbot. Pemanfaatan AI dalam desain antarmuka e-commerce dapat membantu e-commerce meningkatkan pengalaman pelanggan, meningkatkan tingkat konversi, dan meningkatkan efisiensi bisnis.
Desain antarmuka pengguna yang lebih intuitif memastikan bahwa pengguna dapat mengakses dan menggunakan antarmuka dengan mudah, membantu mereka menyelesaikan tugas mereka dengan cepat dan memastikan bahwa antarmuka tersebut mudah dipahami dan digunakan.
RANCANG BANGUN SMART STICK SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU JALAN BAGI PENYANDANG TUNANETRA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO
Authors: Rio Rezky Parirak Rio Rezky Parirak , Kolyaan Yuliana 
Published: October 2023

Penyandang tuna netra memiliki kesulitan dalam melakukan aktifitas terutama masalah mobilitas. Hal ini diakibatkan masih minimnya sarana dan prasarana yang dapat menunjang para penyandang tuna netra dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari. Alat yang biasa digunakan adalah tongkat, dengan tongkat akan membantu para penyandang tuna netra ketika berjalan. Namun tongkat yang dunakan tersebut memiliki keterbatasan yaitu tidak dapat mendeteksi keberadaan objek yang berada diluar dari jangkauan tongkat tersebut. Penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah konsep alat bantu jalan bagi penyandang tuna netra dengan mendesain tongkat sebagai perangkat bantu dengan menambahkan alat yang dirancang dengan memanfaatkan teknologi mikrokontoler dengan sistem arduino, sensor ultrasonik, vibrator, ­­­dan DFPlayer mini. Alat dirancang dengan tujuan membantu penyandang tunanetra saat berjalan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan objek penghalang yang dapat menghalangi penyandang tunanetra.
Hasil penelitian ialah alat bantu jalan yang akan mendeteksi keberadaan objek pengalang hingga jarak 200 cm. Alat akan memberitahukan posisi objek pengalang dan memberikan notifikasi suara letak objek dan jumlah getaran diatur sesuai letak objek pengalang. Jika pengalang di depan maka akan memberikan notifikasi berupa getaran sebanyak 1 kali getaran. Jika objek berada di sebelah kanan maka akan memberikan notifikasi berupa getaran sebanyak 2 kali getaran. Jika objek berada di sebelah kiri akan memberikan notifikasi getaran sebanyak 3 kali getaran.
Redesain Redesain Perumahan Transmigrasi Lokal Suku Asmat dan Mappi di Tepian Sungai Maro Merauke
Authors: Atiza Nurhuzna Atiza Nurhuzna , Muchlis Alahudin Muchlis Alahudin 
Published: October 2023

The Asmat and Mappi tribes are indigenous Papuan tribes that have inhabited the outskirts of the Maro river since the 1970s. These two tribes were accommodated by the Merauke district government at the start of the local transmigration program from the interior to the city of Merauke. The local transmigration housing, which has been inhabited for decades, in fact, has several problems, namely, the lack of fulfillment of settlement-scale housing infrastructure requirements and the very close distance between housing and the outskirts of the Maro river which is a waterfront area. This study aims to analyze the local transmigration housing area of the Asmat and Mappi tribes on the banks of the Maro river and further produce a new design in the form of Redesign.
This type of research is descriptive qualitative with inductive analysis. Data collection method with direct obseravation, interviews/ interviews, literature studies and documentation on 50 local transmigration houses consisting of 30 Asmat tribal transmigration houses and 20 Mappi tribal transmigration houses located in Kelapa Lima village, Merauke District.
The results of the analysis recommend a Redesign Result in the form of a Stilt House that is livable and safe from tidal flooding due to the rise of the Maro river water level.
ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN PADA CV. PUTRA MAS REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Khotijah Tri Riski , Meriana Meriana , Paddery Paddery 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini adalah unluk mengetahui Masalah sistem informasi akunlansi dalam aplikasi Ne..vsoft Distributıır Managemen Sistem lıVd) di dalanı perusahaan CV. Putra Mas Rejang Lehong,
Analjsa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Deskriptif Kualitatif Tujuan pencliüan ini unluk menganalisa tahap-tahap dalam proses masuknya barang pembelian pada sistcm NexDis ini Scbagai salah satu fasililas khusus yang hersifat tetap, dan pengecekan harang atau Stock opname mempakan kegiatan penghitungan fisik persediaan yang ada di gudang perusahaan. Mcngumpulkan Dokumen-Dokumen yang Dihasilkan dari Aplikasi Nexdis dan Pada lahap ini, desain program diterjemahkan ke dalam data-data dengan menggunakan pemrograman aplikasi yang dilentukaın dan menggunakan Proses Penagihan Salesman Dalam Aplikasi Nexdis, ini adalah langkah ahkjr dalam proses pengorderan barang melewati aplikasi Nextsoft Distributor Managemen Sistem (Nd )