bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Linthicum Kenneth J , Bailey Charles L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literature from as far back as the 12th century describes a hemorrhagic disease, now thought to be Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), from Tadzhikistan, Central Asia, which was transmitted by an arthropod that parasitized blackbirds (Hoogstraal, 1979). The arthropod described may well have been one or more species of Hyalomma tick larvae which frequently are found on blackbirds. In Central Asia, various hemorrhagic diseases known by such names as “cases of a peculiar gastro-intestinal hemorrhage,” “acute infectious capillarotoxicosis,” “acute infectious hemorrhagic disease,” and “Uzbezekistan hemorrhagic fever” were known for centuries to produce a disease similar to CCHF (Chumakov et al., 1976). The first detailed clinical description of CCHF (as Crimean hemorrhagic fever) was made during an epidemic in 1944-1945 in Crimea (Chumakov, 1945, 1946, 1971, 1974). An etiological agent, presumably a virus, was isolated from the blood of patients and from H. margitanum (as H. plumbeum) ticks. The disease produced an illness characterized by fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, joint ache, and photophobia.
The Union and Its Members
Authors: Barling Julian , Fullagar Clive , Kelloway E Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work explores three key topics in social psychology: the manner in which labour unions shape organizational behaviour, a relationship which has been effectively ignored in the literature; the organization of the union itself, a fascinating test case for the organizational psychologist; and the way in which theories and methods of organizational psychology may assist labor organizations in achieving their goals. Since the union maintains unique characteristics of democracy, conflict, and voluntary participation within a larger organization, the authors offer a detailed study of a union's dynamics, including demographic and personality predictors of membership, voting behaviour, union commitment and loyalty, the nature of participation, leadership styles, collective bargaining, among other topics. This is the first book to be published in the new Industrial and Organizational Psychology Series. It will be of interest to not only industrial and organizational psychologists in industry, academica, and private and public organizations, but to graduate students in psychology departments and business schools, and to academics and professionals in business and management studying industrial relations.
Organizational Psychology and Unions
Authors: Barling Julian , Fullagar Clive , Kelloway E Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unions are fascinating organizations and contrary to what the prophets of doom would have us believe, they will not vanish in the near future. (Klandermans, 1986, p. 199) In this statement Klandermans (1986) articulates two critical assumptions for anyone interested in organizational functioning and unions. First, Klandermans reminds us that in and of themselves, unions are interesting, if not intriguing organizations. Second, despite pessimistic predictions to the contrary, Klandermans asserts that unions will be with us for a long time. We accept that Klandermans is correct on both accounts, and this raises an intriguing paradox for anyone studying organizational behavior, industrial relations, or both: Simply stated, organizational psychology has treated unions as both uninteresting and unimportant. At the same time, scholars of industrial relations have not looked to organizational psychology to further their understanding. As Strauss (1979, pp. 391-392) noted so cogently over a decade ago: Ir scholars have almost actively rejected psychological contributions; psychologists (with a few distinguished exceptions) have displayed little understanding of the institutional peculiarities of IR. Thus the institutional naivete of most psychological studies is matched only by the psychological naivete of IR analysis. Put another way, IR scholars too often view industrial relations as a unique institution regarding which lessons from other spheres of life are almost irrelevant; by contrast, psychologists tend to view industrial relations as mostly interpersonal relations, ignoring its institutional setting.
Union Participation
Authors: Barling Julian , Fullagar Clive , Kelloway E Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are you an active member, the kind that would be missed? Or are you just contented, that your name is on the list? Do you attend the meetings, and mingle with the flock? Or do you stay at home to criticize and knock? Do you ever go to visit with a member who is sick? Or leave the work to just a few and talk about the clique? Think this over, member-you know right from wrong? Are you an active member, or do you just belong? (Attributed by Perline & Lorenz to an anonymous union member) Throughout this book we have concentrated on the psychological process of individual attachment to labor unions. This process formally starts with the individual’s decision to join a union. Influences on this decision have been traced back to family socialization. The process continues with the development of affective attitudes of attachment to the union (union commitment), and results in the behavioral participation of members in various union activities. If union commitment is a crucial attitudinal component for unions to function effectively, union participation is an equally important contributor to “the very fabric of unions” (Gordon et al., 1980, p. 480). Union participation is also central to union democracy (Pateman, 1970), and to transforming social institutions and restraining union bureaucracy (Nicholson, Ursell, & Blyton, 1981 b).
Emergence of Chronic Diseases (I)
Authors: Young T Kue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past several decades Native Americans have undergone the “epidemiologic transition,” characterized by the decline, though not disappearance, of infectious diseases and the increasing importance of the chronic, noncommunicable diseases, accidents, and acts of violence as causes of mortality and morbidity. In Chapters 4 and 5, several chronic diseases of particular significance among Native Americans are discussed in terms of their frequency of occurrence, risk factors, and methods of control. Included are cancer, cardiovascular diseases (including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia), obesity, diabetes, and gallbladder disease.
The Civil War as a Crisis in Gender
Authors: Whites Leeann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a cold winter’s day and greenish ice flows clogged the turbulent river. Across its vast expanse, Eliza could see the far shore of Ohio and freedom. Behind her, coming ever closer, she could hear the baying dogs of the slavetrader, Haley. What could she do? On the one side was slavery and the certain loss of her child to the slavetrader. On the other was an impassable river and probable death. Looking down at her small son, Eliza knew only that she could not bear to lose him. And with one desperate burst of courage, she jumped onto the nearest ice flow. Scrambling and leaping from one teetering piece of ice to another, she struggled across the mighty Ohio and gained the far shore of freedom for herself and her child.
q
Authors: Feather Leonard , Gitler Ira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quealey, chelsea, tpt; b. Hartford, CT, 1905; d. Las Vegas NV, 5/6/50. First prominent dur. visit to Engl., where he rec. for Parlophone w. Fred Elizalde 1927. Back in US, worked w. California Ramblers; Paul Whiteman; to Calif. w. Ben Pollack. Rec. w. Mezz Mezzrow in NYC (Vict.) ’34 (“Apologies,” etc.); pl. w. Isham Jones ’35–6; Joe Marsala ’36; F. Trumbauer briefly ’37; Bob Zurke ’39–40. After freelancing w. small gps. at Nick’s in NYC, returned to Calif. ’46 working there and in LV. Rec. w. Goofus Five (Okeh) ’25, ’27; Isham Jones Juniors (Dec.) ’36. CDs: w. Mezzrow (Class.); The Little Ramblers (Timel.); Adrian Rollini (Topaz); Benny Carter (BB).
Pathogenesis of Viral Infections
Authors: Fields Bernard N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many virologists, including John Holland, Peter Palese, and Howard Temin among the contributors to this volume, have noted the enormous capacity for viruses to change. If we are faced with the fact that viruses can do virtually anything, why hasn’ t this enormous diversity wiped out the earth? One of the major issues facing us is why this extreme catastrophe hasn’ t yet happened. I think the answer has to lie in the fact that there is an enormous difference in the selective pressures faced by a virus growing in the relatively undemanding environment of cell culture, which illustrates the capacity of a virus to change, and life in the real world, where the virus must survive in a specific environment and as welll as within a host, providing the virus with a series of constraints and selective pressures (Tyler and Fields, 1991). When the virus enters a host, there are a series of sequential steps within the host, each of which places further constraints on the virus (Sharpe and Fields, 1985). Because of these constraints, at many points in the life cycle of the virus, much of the potential of the virus to change results in viruses that cannot survive since it will be missing critical proper ties. We are dealing with a constantly shifting interaction between the virus in the host and its own intrinsic capacity to change.
Arthropod-Borne Viruses
Authors: Monath Thomas P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are now over 520 registered arthropod-borne viruses (“ arbo viruses” ) (Karabatsos, 1985). Of these, approximately 100 cause disease in humans and another 25 are pathogenic for domesticated animals. At least 20 of these viruses fulfill the criteria for “ emerging viruses” , in the sense that they appear in epidemic form at unexpected times or at periodic and generally unpredictable intervals. Each of these diseases, of which I will discuss only a few examples, presents very interesting epidemiological and ecological features.
Seal Plague Virus
Authors: Mahy Brian W .J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1988, beginning about April and reaching a peak in August, several thousand dead seals were washed up on the shores of Europe. In the U.K. alone, 2,800 seals were found dead on the coast. Most were concentrated in East Anglia, where more than half of the seal population was affected. Towards the end of the epidemic, seals also began to be washed up around the Irish Sea, and there were considerable numbers found up in the Hebrides, the Orkney Islands, and the north of Scotland. Deaths also occurred in the Netherlands, Germany, and in various areas around the North Sea. The animals that actually washed up probably represented a third of the total numbers of dead seals. All the dea” d animals belonged to the species known as common, or harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Relatively few deaths have been reported among seals in the United Kingdom since the end of 1989 and it may well be that, like many of these plagues, this particular episode has ended. A similar disease in seals in Lake Baikal, Siberia, was seen somewhat earlier than the European epi zootic, in December 1987 (Grachev et al., 1989; Likhoshway et al., 1989; Osterhaus et al., 1989a, 1989b). The disease was also found in porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) (Kennedy et al., 1988) and more re cently evidence was obtained of a similar infection in Mediterranean dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) (Domingo et al., 1990).
Canine Parvovirus 2: A Probable Example of Interspecies Transfer
Authors: Parrish Colin R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The virus now known as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) first emerged around 1978 as an epidemic disease of dogs. The attention and concern it aroused when it first appeared was reflected by a flurry of press stories in a variety of media. Even the National Enquirer ran headlines of the sort “ killer virus turns dog’ s heart to sponges” . After this understandable initial reaction, the interest has waned. There are reasonably good vaccines that control the disease under most circumstances, and the virus itself is now accepted as an endemic canine pathogen in most countries in the world. I will take the opportunity here to describe this virus and what we know of its origins.
Transforming Psychology
Authors: Riger Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last two decades, a rich, diverse, yet sometimes contradictory body of research has been gathered under the general rubric of ‘psychology of women’. This burgeoning literature represents several disciplines, among them psychology, psychiatry, sociology, political science, and women’s studies. To bring sense to this agglomeration of views, both for the layperson and the student, the author looks at research in this area as a social process and refutes the notion that science can be objective about its search for universal truths. She asks us to refect on how we choose among explanations of behavior, calling the need to examine the psychology of women in a social and historical context. Throughout the book, Riger reveals how interpretive frameworks shape how we perceive research findings. Her central theme suggests that social factors shape the meaning and experience of biological femaleness.
Introduction
Authors: Riger Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Years Ago, I Heard A prominent scholar admonish her audience to “think against the grain” of traditional beliefs. Whether in response to that intellectual challenge or out of my own perversity, I have attempted to follow that advice in my journey through psychology. The essays contained in the two parts of this book map that journey. In part I, I challenge the underlying assumptions and methods of psychology as they apply to the study of women, and I offer alternatives. In part II, I spotlight various policies and practices that affect women, such as sexual harassment policies or programs to increase the numbers of women in management, that are rooted in traditional beliefs about women, and reframe them in light of feminist critiques.
Challenges of Success
Authors: Riger Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Creating Organizations That Serve and advocate for women has been an outstanding achievement of the feminist movement in the United States since the 1970s. Battered women’s shelters, women’s studies programs, health clinics, law firms, bookstores, theaters, art galleries, newspapers, and many other feminist organizations and enterprises have enriched women’s lives and furthered the process of social change. Having been involved in several of these groups as a participant, researcher, and consultant, I have noticed that organizations with very different purposes, united only loosely by feminist ideology, confront similar issues as they grow. Some of these issues arise in any small organization as it becomes larger and more complex; others are common to social movement organizations that use a collectivist structure. But particular problems emerge when feminist values encounter the demands of life in a growing organization. This chapter explores the challenges and choices that feminist organizations face as they grow.
From Devil’s Music To Jooking: Jazz Performance And The Black Community
Authors: Ogren Kathy J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The lack of self-worth he felt was expressed by a young poet who remarked “I want to be a poet-not a Negro poet.” Hughes attributed the failure of this young man to appreciate his racial heritage to the dominance of black bourgeois cultural values. Hughes castigated the black middle class for “aping things white.” Such aesthetic standards, according to Hughes, created “A very high mountain indeed for the would-be racial artist to climb in order to discover himself and his people.” Hughes passionately defended the creative qualities of black folk art and insisted that common people continued to offer the best inspiration for great art. They, unlike the middle class, had not been entirely seduced by white artistic standards.
Life in the Women’s Palaces
Authors: Findly Ellison Banks 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three things sustained the power of a Mughal emperor: his army, his treasury, and his women. Of these, the army was perhaps the least fixed and the most distant from the king, large parts of it being entrusted to underlings to whom rank was assigned for purposes of honor and income. The treasury, which rose and fell with the vagaries of politics, was also an impersonal, if fairly stable, symbol of the majesty of state. But the women of the zanana, the women of the inner apartments, were as constant, as unfailing, and yet as demanding a touchstone as any head of state could claim. Not only were they the closest to him in proximity and affection, but they could offer the emperor more personal pleasure, more unchallenged support, and more wise counsel than any other person or group. The zanana women went with the emperor everywhere, and if A. S. Beveridge can marvel at “how fully the fate of the ladies was involved in that of the Emperor,” then we must note with Roe that the emperor was in turn just as dependent upon the whims and the schedules of his women, for no court business could take place until after their needs had been fully satisfied.
Answers to Exercises
Authors: Norell Staffan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aspects: Quantity and frequency—for example, average number of cigarettes smoked per day. Type of cigarettes—for example, by size, filter, and content of active components. Type of smoking behavior—for example, depth of inhalation, and size of the cigarette end left. Patterns, timing, and duration of smoking could also be of interest depending upon the suggested mechanism of action.
Intentional Injuries: Homicide and Violence
Authors: Christoffel Katherine Kaufer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently, injury is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in childhood and adolescence. Where diarrhea, measles, and other such infectious diseases have been controlled, injury has emerged as the leading killer and maimer of the young. Contemporary students of pediatric epidemiology must therefore become familiar with patterns of injury.
Prediction of Adult Disease
Authors: Wadsworth Michael E J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion that childhood provides the basis of the adult’s intellectual and moral status is extremely old. However, with the exception of studies of height growth, the idea that the foundation of adult health is prepared in the early years of life has been slower to develop. In Britain the findings of the Boer War recruiting medical examinations (MacKenzie & Matthew, 1904) and the Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration (British Parliamentary Papers, 1904) raised anxieties about the health of the nation’s young people. Although the outcome was of great value in terms of the public health care of mothers and infants (Dwork, 1987), the implications for epidemiologic studies of etiology were recognized much more slowly.
Ethnic Humor in Early American Jest Books
Authors: Secor Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are few better indicators of the cultural anxieties and tensions behind ethnic attitudes than the jokes people tell. As Keith Thomas says, “When we laugh we betray our innermost assumptions. “One of the best sources for understanding ethnic attitudes in early America is the overlooked jest books that flourished in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The first jest book published in America was probably the pamphlet-sized Collection of Funny, Moral, and Entertaining Stories and Bon Mots, issued by Daniel Bowen of New Haven in 1787. Two years later, in the year of Washington’s first inauguration, John Wyeth published for Mathew Carey of Philadelphia America’s first extensive jest book, and its most popular: The American Jest Book, with its attached second part, The Merry Fellow’s Companion. About 200 pages long, it would see at least eight different editions by the end of the century. Jest books continued to proliferate into the 1830s (the last edition of The American Jest Book was 1833), when they faded before the advent of the comic almanacs. In all, the following discussion of ethnic humor results from a review of twenty-three jest books published in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with the focus on the ethnic attitudes revealed in those published between 1787 and 1811.
The Gratification of That Corrupt and Lawless Passion: Character Types and Themes in Early New England Rape Narratives
Authors: Williams Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The crime of rape was not always a crime. In early New England, the legal status of rape was left unsettled throughout the colonial period. When Nathaniel Ward drafted the Body of Liberties in 1641, the Bay Colony’s first code of laws, he omitted rape from his list of twelve capital crimes, having found no biblical sanction for its inclusion.1 Not until after the notorious Fairfield case of the same year was rape included among the colony’s most serious crimes. Daniel Fairfield, a “half Dutchman” about 40 years old, was discovered to have been having frequent sexual relations with the three daughters of a neighbor, all of whom were under the age of 10. Popular opinion demanded his execution, but the magistrates hesitated for several months while they debated what to do with both the rapist and the issue of rape. Finally, “after much dispute,” the General Court concluded that Fairfield, though he was not to be executed, was to be severely punished.
The Heritage of American Ethnicity in Crèvecoeur’s
Authors: Saar Doreen Alvarez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spurred on by the controversy over the nature of the canon, American scholars, particularly after the publication of Werner Sollors’s Beyond Ethnicity,1 have turned their attention to a reevaluation of the place and function of ethnic literature. Sollors’s work was an important corrective to the tendency to see ethnic literature as a nineteenth-and twentieth-century phenomenon; in fact, as this essay attempts to show, the mechanism of ethnic culture was set in place during the colonial period.
Plant Community Structure in Chamaecyparis Thyoides Swamps in the New Jersey Pinelands Biosphere Reserve, USA
Authors: Stoltzfus Dwight L , Good Ralph E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forested wetlands dominated by Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. (Atlantic white cedar) occur in the New Jersey Pinelands Biosphere Reserve in the eastern United States Atlantic Coastal Plain. The development of plant community structure in these swamps is influenced by both autogenic and allogenic factors within the physical and biotic environment including water table, disturbance, soil layer, herbivory, and plant competition (Little 1950, Roman et al. 1990). Changes in the physical and biotic environment since human colonization appear to be affecting community structure resulting in the replacement of C. thyoides-dominated communities by communities dominated by Acer rubrum (red maple) and reductions in cedar swamp area (Roman et al. 1990). Cedar swamps have become increasingly fragmented as habitat patch size decreases, resulting in more isolated units with increased edge exposure to surrounding community types. The importance of physical and biotic environmental factors in determining species composition, dynamics, diversity, and physical structure within the highly disturbed cedar swamps is not completely understood. The effect of increased fragmentation on the community structure in cedar swamps also remains unclear.