bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hexose Sugars: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose and Mannose on Wound Healing in the Rat
Authors: Kössi J. , Peltonen J. , Ekfors T. , Niinikoski J. , Laato M. 
Published: April 2003

The effects of four hexose sugars (D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-mannose) on the developing granulation tissue in rats were examined. Cylindrical hollow sponge implants were used as an inductive matrix for the growth of granulation tissue. In the test group, the implants were injected with 0.1 ml of solution containing the different hexoses in 0.01, 0.1 and 1 M concentrations daily for 7 days while the implants of the control groups were injected with 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution only. Analyses of granulation tissue and wound fluid in the sponge implants were carried out 7 days after implantation. The results demonstrated that galactose caused a significant increase in the accumulation of granulation tissue as estimated by histological analyses, but no significant differences were observed in various chemical analyses. In striking contrast, statistically significant decreases were observed in the number of leukocytes in wound fluid, in the amount of DNA, RNA, collagen hydroxyproline, nitrogen, hexosamines and uronic acids in sponges treated with 0.1 or 1 M mannose, reflecting decreased granulation tissue formation. This effect was also observed in histological analyses of the specimens. There were no major changes in sponges treated with glucose or fructose. In summary, the findings of the present study demonstrate that galactose may enhance wound healing and mannose treatment inhibits the inflammatory reaction in wound healing and decreases granulation tissue formation in an experimental wound model.
Protective Effect of Human Urinary Thrombomodulin on Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury in the Canine Liver
Authors: Kaneko H. , Joubara N. , Yoshino M. , Yamazaki K. , Mitumaru A. , Miki Y. , Satake H. , Shiba T. 
Published: April 2003

This study was performed to determine whether human urinary soluble thrombomodulin plays a role in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Liver ischemia was induced in two groups of dogs. Group 1 was exposed to 60 min ischemia, and group 2 was exposed to 60 min ischemia after preischemic administration of human urinary soluble thrombomodulin. In group 1, the thrombin-antithrombin complex and hyaluronic acid were significantly elevated after ischemia, compared with the preischemic values. While liver issue blood flow and the plasmin-α<sub>2</sub>-plasmin inhibitor complex significantly decreased, AST, ALT and m-AST dramatically increased after reperfusion. In group 2, the increase in the thrombin-antithrombin complex and hyaluronic acid was significantly suppressed, and AST, ALT and liver tissue blood flow significantly improved, compared with group 1. Histologically, in group 2, the hepatic tissue structure, including endothelial cells, was relatively intact. These findings suggest that administration of thrombomodulin inhibits endothelial cell injury and coagulopathy and offers protection from liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Intimal Hyperplasia after Long-Term Venous Catheterization
Authors: Xiang D.Z. , Verbeken E.K. , van Lommel A.T.L. , Stas M. , De Wever I. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Objective:</i> Intimal hyperplasia is a well-known consequence of arterial injury and arterialization in vein grafts. However, the subacute and chronic vein wall changes which occur after catheterization have not been well studied. In this animal study, intimal hyperplasia in the vein wall after catheterization was examined. <i>Methods:</i> A silicon catheter was placed in the anterior caval vein of 54 rats. After in situ fixation at scheduled intervals (1 day to 6 months), the pathologic changes in the vein wall were studied on semi-serial histology sections by means of light microscopy. <i>Results:</i> Three forms of intimal hyperplasia could be observed: plaque-like, papillary-like and incorporation of the mural part of the sleeve into the underlying vein wall. Although the appearance of each was different, their composition was identical. All were mainly composed of α-actin-positive cells and collagen localized above the internal elastin layer, and covered by endothelium if facing the lumen. The plaque-like and papillary-like forms were mainly localized in the anterior vena cava, while sleeve incorporation mainly occurred in the jugular vein. Plaque-like and papillary-like intimal hyperplasia could be seen together on the same slide, but these two forms were never seen together with sleeve incorporation. <i>Conclusion:</i> Intimal hyperplasia occurs after venous catheterization and is probably caused by chronic injury to the vein wall due to knocking and rubbing movements of the catheter against the wall.
Effect of the Duration of Labor on Postpartum Postvoid Residual Bladder Volume
Authors: Yip Shing-Kai , Hin Lin-Yee , Chung Tony K.H. 
Published: April 2003

In order to investigate the possibility of protracted labor as a risk factor for postpartum urinary retention and to study the relation between duration of labor and postpartum day 1 postvoid residual bladder volume, the postpartum postvoid residual bladder volume (PVRBV) of a group of patients was studied using ultrasonography. Out of 707 patients investigated during a 2-month study period, a homogeneous group of 164 patients, with possible risk factors for postpartum urinary retention being controlled, was studied. The homogeneous group’s postpartum day 1 postvoid residual bladder volumes were assessed by ultrasonography and analyzed with respect to the duration of labor. The incidence of postpartum urinary retention (≥150 ml) was 11% in this homogeneous group. Labor duration longer than or equal to 800 min was associated with a higher incidence of postpartum urinary retention (χ<sup>2</sup> test; p < 0.05). Moreover, there is a direct relationship between the duration of labor and PVRBV which is described by a quadratic regression curve. Protracted labor longer than or equal to 800 min is a risk factor for postpartum urinary retention. The PVRBV is directly related to the duration of labor.
Clinical Application of Intrauterine Sonography with High-Frequency, Real-Time Miniature Transducer in Gynecologic Disorders
Authors: Senoh Daisaku , Yanagihara Toshihiro , Hata Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2003

Our purpose was to determine whether intrauterine sonography with high-frequency, real-time miniature transducer (20 MHz) is useful for the diagnosis of gynecologic disorders. The study consisted of 37 women: 8 normal volunteers, 2 with molar pregnancy, 4 fibromyoma, 4 endometrial polyp, 1 intrauterine adhesion, 1 septate uterus, 5 atypical hyperplasia, 8 endometrial cancer, and 4 with cervical cancer. Comparison of diagnostic efficacy for gynecologic disorders between transvaginal and intrauterine sonography was made. The probe was easily introduced into the endometrial cavity in all patients. No notable complications were encountered. In subjects with a normal uterus, higher resolution for endometrial texture was obtained with intrauterine sonography than with transvaginal scanning. In patients with molar pregnancy, typical vesicular echos were clearly identified. In patients with fibromyoma, myoma nodules were not clearly visualized because of poor attenuation of ultrasound. In subjects with endometrial polyp, intrauterine adhesion, and septate uterus, intrauterine lesions were clearly identified. In patients with atypical hyperplasia, high echogenicity of the endometrium was characterized. Myometrial invasion of the endometrial cancer was estimated correctly in 6 of 8 patients (75%). Intrauterine sonography could clearly detect early cervical invasion of the cervical cancer in all 4 patients, but transvaginal sonography could not do it. Intrauterine sonography with a high-frequency, real-time miniature transducer might be a useful diagnostic modality in gynecologic disorders, especially in the evaluation of early cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and possibly in infertility practice.
Short-Term Treatment of Uterine Fibromyomas with Danazol
Authors: de Leo Vincenzo , la Marca Antonio , Morgante Giuseppe 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of danazol in reducing the volume of fibromyomas and in the treatment of associated symptoms. Twenty women (34–42 years) with uterine fibromyomas were treated with 400 mg/day of danazol for 4-month periods. The women underwent ultrasound examination to determine their uterine volume at enrollment in the follicular phase and after 2 and 4 months. The examination was repeated by the same sonographer 3 and 6 months after the end of therapy. Blood samples were taken on the same days for LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone assays. After therapy, fibromyoma volume decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by an average of 23.6 ± 5%. All patients experienced partial or complete relief of symptoms while using danazol. Three and six months after the end of treatment the fibromyoma volume had only increased slightly with respect to the volume at the end of therapy, but was still lower than the starting volume. The present study shows the efficacy of danazol at a dose of 400 mg/day for 4 months in reducing the volume of fibromyomas and associated symptoms. The mechanism by which danazol reduces the volume of fibromyomas may be due to reduced estrogen concentrations and to its antiprogesterone effects on uterine myomas.
Morphine Suppresses the Oxytocin Response in Breast-Feeding Women
Authors: Lindow S.W. , Hendricks M.S. , Nugent F.A. , Dunne T.T. , van der Spuy Z.M. 
Published: April 2003

The activity of opiate-mediated regulatory mechanisms of oxytocin secretion during breast-feeding was studied by the administration of either morphine, naloxone or placebo to women prior to the commencement of breast-feeding. Seventeen healthy women in the first week after delivery who had established lactation were ramdomized to receive either intravenous morphine 5 mg (n = 6), naloxone 2.4 mg (n = 6) or a placebo, sterile water (n = 5), which was given prior to commencement of breast-feeding. Oxytocin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay prior to initiation of breast-feeding and then at 2-min intervals until the feed was complete. Breast-feeding produced a significant rise in oxytocin levels in the control and naloxone groups but no significant rise in the patients given morphine. There was a significant reduction in oxytocin response following morphine administration when compared to placebo but not between naloxone and placebo. In conclusion, oxytocin secretion to breast-feeding is inhibited by exogenous morphine when compared to a control group but the administration of naloxone did not produce a significant difference from control.
An Outpatient Phase II Study of Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 and Interferon-Alpha-2b in Combination with Intravenous Vinblastine in Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Pectasides D. , Varthalitis J. , Kostopoulou M. , Mylonakis A. , Triantaphyllis D. , Papadopoulou M. , Dimitriadis M. , Athanassiou A. 
Published: April 2003

A prospective phase II trial was carried out to define the activity of a low-dose subcutaneous regimen of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon α-2b (IFN-α) in combination with intravenous administration of vinblastine (VLB) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). Thirty-one patients with advanced RCC who had received no prior biochemotherapy were treated with IL-2 4.5 MU × 2/24 h thrice weekly for 2 weeks, IFN-α 3 MU/24 h thrice weekly (alternating days) for 2 consecutive weeks and VLB 4 mg/m<sup>2</sup> every 3 weeks. Patients were to have a 1-week rest period after each 2 weeks of therapy with cytokines. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Maximum duration of treatment was 1 year. Treatment was administered on an outpatient basis. There were 4 complete (12.9%) and 8 partial responses (25.8%), with an overall response rate of 38.7%. The median duration of response was 6.5 months. Responses were seen in lung, lymph nodes, bones, liver and other tumor metastases. Toxicity was mild to moderate, consisting of fever, anorexia, malaise and nausea-vomiting in >80% of patients. Hypotension and transient alopecia occurred in >20% of patients. Liver enzyme elevation was frequently observed. Treatment-induced eosinophilia occurred in the majority of patients, while in 52% of patients granulocytopenia grade II and grade III did not require dose modification of drugs. Transient inflammation and local induration at the injection sites was observed in the majority of patients. None of the patients experienced major VLB-related toxicity and no toxic deaths occurred. This three-drug combination immunochemotherapy may be a promising regimen with modest toxicity in advanced RCC.
A Pilot Study on Intensive Weekly 24-Hour Intra-Arterial Infusion with 5-Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Lorenz M. , Staib-Sebler E. , Gog C. , Petrowsky H. , Köhne C.H. , Encke A. 
Published: April 2003

<b>Purpose:</b> A pilot study was performed to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of a hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> In 11 patients, 135 applications of high-dose HAI of 5-FU/FA were administered. All patients had been intra-arterially pretreated, and 2 of them had received an additional intravenous therapy. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of a weekly HAI of FA 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> over 1 h, immediately followed by HAI of 5-FU over 24 h. Four patients received a 5-FU starting dose of 2,000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and 7 patients of 2,400 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. One course consisted of 12 weekly applications interrupted by 1 week after 6 applications and 4 weeks after 12 applications. <b>Results:</b> The applied regimen caused only mild side effects. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently side effects with 36 episodes out of 135 applications (WHO grade ≥3: 2 episodes). Diarrhea was a minor problem occurring with 8 episodes (WHO grade ≥3: 1 episode). There was no evidence of myelosuppression, hand-foot syndrome, neurotoxicity, and biliary sclerosis. A partial remission was observed in 3 patients, and a disease stabilization in 2 patients while the disease progressed in 6 patients under high-dose HAI of 5-FU/FA. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present pilot study demonstrates that the weekly high-dose HAI of 5-FU/FA is well tolerated and associated with very mild toxicity. Because of the encouraging response rate in patients, whose disease progressed under the conventional intra-arterial therapy either with 5-FU/FA or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, this regimen seems to be an effective second-line treatment and should be evaluated in nonpretreated patients in a phase II study.
Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Clinicopathologic Study of 30 Cases
Authors: Natsugoe Shoji , Baba Masamichi , Yoshinaka Heiji , Kijima Fumio , Shimada Mario , Shirao Kazusada , Kusano Chikara , Fukumoto Toshitaka , Mueller James , Aikou Takashi 
Published: April 2003

A clinicopathologic study was carried out on 30 patients with mucosal esophageal cancer (MEC). The depth of cancer invasion was subdivided histologically into three categories: m<sub>1</sub> = carcinoma in situ (intraepithelial carcinoma) or carcinoma with questionable invasion beyond the basal membrane; m<sub>2</sub> = cancer invasion confined to the lamina propria, and m<sub>3</sub> = cancer reaching to or infiltrating into the muscularis mucosae. Lymph node metastases and lymphatic invasion were found only in the tumors reaching or infiltrating the muscularis mucosae (m<sub>3</sub>). The maximum histologic vertical extent of the tumors was more than 1 mm in 4 of 5 patients with lymph node metastasis or lymphatic invasion. None of the patients died of recurrent esophageal disease, and 3 of the 6 patients who had a second primary tumor died of this other malignancy. It is critical to distinguish between m<sub>1</sub>, m<sub>2</sub> and m<sub>3</sub> tumors to plan a treatment strategy, including an endoscopic mucosal resection.
Curcumin Inhibits SK-Hep-1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Invasion in vitro and Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Secretion
Authors: Lin Liang-In , Ke Yuh-Fen , Ko Ya-Chen , Lin Jen-Kun 
Published: April 2003

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), widely used as a spice and coloring agent in food, possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Recently, curcumin was further demonstrated to have an antimetastatic effect in mice. In this study, we attempted to clarify the possible mechanisms of this latter effect of curcumin. A highly invasive SK-Hep-1 cell line of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was selected for this study. An in vitro assay, without or with Matrigel matrix, was used to quantitate cellular migration and invasion. Gelatin-based zymography was adapted to assay the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). We found that curcumin, at 10 µ<i>M</i>, inhibited 17.4 and 70.6% of cellular migration and invasion of SK-Hep-1, respectively. Compared with a less invasive human HCC cell line, Huh-7, SK-Hep-1 showed a much higher MMP-9 secretion. Further, and parallel with its anti-invasion activity, curcumin inhibited MMP-9 secretion in SK-Hep-1 in a dose-dependent fashion. We conclude that curcumin has a significant anti-invasion activity in SK-Hep-1 cells, and that this effect is associated with its inhibitory action on MMP-9 secretion.
Human Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Produce Brain Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Ohsaki Yoshinobu , Gross Andrew J. , Le Phuong Tram , Oie Herbert , Johnson BruceE. 
Published: April 2003

The tumoral production of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was studied using 9 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines which were established from patients with small cell lung cancer. BNP cDNA fragment was generated from 20 µg total RNA which was prepared from the human right cardiac atrium by reverse transcription-based polymerase chain reaction. Expression of BNP mRNA was detected in 30 µg total cellular RNA from these cell lines by RNase protection assays in 5 of 9 SCLC cell lines. Radioimmunoassays using <sup>125</sup>I-radiolabeled human BNP(1–32) and antihuman BNP(1–32) antibody detected immunoreactivity in cell pellets from SCLC cell lines which had detectable BNP mRNA. BNP immunoreactivity in the cell pellets corresponds with the data from BNP mRNA analyses. We conclude that SCLC cells have detectable BNP mRNA by RNase protection assay and BNP immunoreactivity in the cells.
Administration in a Hypotonic Solution Is Preferable to Dose Escalation in Intraperitoneal Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Rats
Authors: Tsujitani S. , Oka A. , Kondo A. , Katano K. , Oka S. , Saito H. , Ikeguchi M. , Maeta M. , Kaibara N. 
Published: April 2003

An animal model of intraperitoneal (i.p.) cisplatin chemotherapy using hypotonic solutions of sodium chloride has been developed as a treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis. The concentrations of platinum in the plasma and in the i.p. fluid of Donryu rats were measured after i.p. injection of hypotonic (103 or 154 mosm/l) and isotonic (308 mosm/l) solutions that contained an equal amount of cisplatin. The maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) and the area under the curve of concentration versus time (AUC) of platinum in the plasma increased proportionately with increases in the dose of cisplatin and they were significantly higher in rats given cisplatin in hypotonic solutions than in those given the drug in isotonic solution. The C<sub>max</sub> and AUC of total platinum were similar for the solution of 103 mosm/l with 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin and the isotonic solution with 5.0 mg/kg cisplatin. The C<sub>max</sub> and AUC of free platinum in the plasma did not increase with increases in the dose of cisplatin in isotonic solution but did increase after hypotonic injection. However, the solutions of lower osmolarity gave a decreased AUC of platinum in the i.p. fluid. Hypotonic conditions continued for 30 min at most after i.p. injection of hypotonic solutions. When the same dose of cisplatin was given to rats with tumors derived from AH100B carcinoma cells, the amount of platinum taken by i.p. solid tumors from the solution of 103 mosm/l was about twice that from the isotonic solution and was much the same as that taken up from the isotonic solution with twice the amount of cisplatin. These results indicate that hypotonic i.p. cisplatin chemotherapy might be preferable to escalation of the dose of i.p. cisplatin in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
An Early Phase II Study of Oral S-1, a Newly Developed 5-Fluorouracil Derivative for Advanced and Recurrent Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Sugimachi Keizo , Maehara Yoshihiko , Horikoshi Noboru , Shimada Yosuhiro , Sakata Yuh , Mitachi Yasushi , Taguchi Tetsuo 
Published: April 2003

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or a 5-FU derivative 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) has been widely prescribed for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, the phosphorylation of 5-FU in the digestive tract causes gastrointestinal toxicities. 5-FU is also rapidly degraded to α-fluoro-β-alanine after contact with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPDase) which is mainly present in the liver. Therefore, to overcome these metabolic events, S-1, an antitumor agent was developed, based on the biochemical modulation of FT by 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) and potassium oxonate (Oxo), in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1. The antineoplastic effect of S-1, was examined in Japanese patients with advanced gastric (G) or colorectal (C) cancer in a multicenter early phase II study involving 24 centers throughout Japan. The patients were prescribed a minimum of 2 courses of S-1 orally, with each course consisting of 75 or 50 mg (in terms of FT) twice a day for 28 days followed by withdrawal for 2 weeks. Thirty-one patients with G and 31 C were entered into this study. The clinical response and extent of toxicity were evaluated in G 28 and C 30 cases, respectively. Nine (32.1%) G patients and 14 (46.7%) C patients had been treated previously with other anticancer drugs. In G patients, there was a 53.6% (15/28) and in C patients a 16.7% (5/30) response rate (90% confidence interval G 38.4–68.1% and C 8.4–30.5%) with 15 (53.6%) (G) and 5 (16.7%) (C) partial responses (PR), and these responses persisted for 79 days (G) and 120 days (C) (median value). In particular, the response rate for the primary lesion was 27.8% (5/18) (G) and 33.3% (1/3) (C). No change (NC) in the disease was observed in 4 (14.3%) (G) and 13 (43.3%) (C) patients, and in 6 (21.4%) (G) and 7 (23.3%) (C) the disease progressed (PD). At the time of analysis, the median survival was 298 days (G) and 358 days (C). Major adverse effects consisted of gastrointestinal symptoms and myelosuppression while toxicities of grade 3 or more occurred in 35.7% (10/28) (G) and 33.3% (10/30) (C). Based on these data, S-1 is considered to have positive effects in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer.