bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
But What if I Don't Want to Wait Forever?
Authors: Fidge Colin , Shankland Carron 
Published: December 2003

Abstract.

We present an abstract model of the leader election protocol used in the IEEE 1394 High Performance Serial Bus standard. The model is expressed in the
probabilistic Guarded Command Language
. By formal reasoning based on this description, we establish the probability of the root contention part of the protocol successfully terminating in terms of the number of attempts to do so. Some simple calculations then allow us to establish an upper bound on the time taken for those attempts.
Probabilistic Model Checking of Deadline Properties in the IEEE 1394 FireWire Root Contention Protocol
Authors: Kwiatkowska Marta , Norman Gethin , Sproston Jeremy 
Published: December 2003

Abstract.
The interplay of real time and probability is crucial to the correctness of the IEEE 1394 FireWire root contention protocol. We present a formal verification of the protocol using probabilistic model checking. Rather than analyse the functional aspects of the protocol, by asking such questions as ‘Will a leader be elected?’, we focus on the protocol's performance, by asking the question ‘How certain are we that a leader will be elected sufficiently quickly?’ Probabilistic timed automata are used to formally model and verify the protocol against properties which require that a leader is elected before a deadline with a certain probability. We use techniques such as abstraction, reachability analysis and integer-time semantics to aid the model-checking process, and the efficacy of these techniques is compared.
Fun with FireWire: A Comparative Study of Formal Verification Methods Applied to the IEEE 1394 Root Contention Protocol
Authors: Stoelinga Mariëlle 
Published: December 2003

Abstract.
The IEEE 1394 Root Contention Protocol is an industrial leader election algorithm for two processes in which probability, real time and parameters play an important role. This protocol has been analysed in various case studies, using a variety of verification and analysis methods. In this paper, we survey and compare several of these case studies.
Playing violent electronic games, hostile attributional style, and aggression‐related norms in German adolescents
Authors: Krahé Barbara , Möller Ingrid 
Published: December 2003

ABSTRACTThe relationship was examined between exposure to and preference for violent electronic games and aggressive norms as well as hostile attributional style. Following a pilot study to sample widely used electronic games varying in violent content, 231 eighth‐grade adolescents in Germany reported their use of and attraction to violent electronic games. They also completed measures of hostile attributional style and endorsement of aggressive norms. There were significant gender differences in usage and attraction to violent electronic games, with boys scoring higher than girls. Significant relationships were found between attraction to violent electronic games and the acceptance of norms condoning physical aggression. Violent electronic games were linked indirectly to hostile attributional style through aggressive norms. The findings are discussed with respect to North American research on the aggression‐enhancing effect of violent electronic games.
Rabbit model for in vivo study of anthracycline‐induced heart failure and for the evaluation of protective agents
Authors: Šimůnek Tomáš , Klimtová Ivona , Kaplanová Jana , Mazurová Yvona , Adamcová Michaela , Štěrba Martin , Hrdina Radomír , Geršl Vladimír 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground:Cardiac toxicity associated with chronic administration of anthracycline (ANT) antibiotics represents a serious complication of their use in anticancer chemotherapy, but can also serve as a useful experimental model of cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure.Aims:In this study, a model of chronic ANT cardiotoxicity induced by repeated i.v. daunorubicin (DAU) administration to rabbits was tested.Methods:Three groups of animals were used: (1) control group—10 animals received i.v. saline; (2) 11 animals received DAU (3 mg/kg, i.v.); (3) 5 animals received the model cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane (DEX, 60 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min prior to DAU. All substances were administered once weekly, for 10 weeks. The DAU‐induced heart damage and protective action of DEX were determined and quantitated with the use of histopathology, invasive haemodynamic measurements (e.g. left ventricular pressure changes—dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin), non‐invasive systolic function examinations (left ventricular ejection fraction, PEP/LVET index) and biochemical analysis of cardiac troponin T plasma concentrations.Results:All the employed methods showed unambiguously pronounced heart impairment in the DAU group, with the development of both systolic and diastolic heart failure, as well as significant reduction of DAU‐cardiotoxicity in DEX‐pretreated animals. Other toxicities were acceptable.Conclusion:The presented model has been approved to be consistent and reliable and it can serve as a basis for future determinations and comparisons of chronic cardiotoxic effects of various drugs, as well as for the evaluation of potential cardioprotectants.
Labor augmentation in an Egyptian teaching hospital
Authors: Khalil K. , Cherine M. , Elnoury A. , Sholkamy H. , Breebaart M. , Hassanein N. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: The study documented facility‐based obstetric practices for normal labor in Egypt for the first time, to determine their relationship to evidence‐based medicine. This paper describes the labor augmentation pattern observed. Methods: 176 cases of normal labor were observed by medically‐trained observers using a checklist. Ward activities were also documented. Observed women were interviewed postpartum and all findings were shared with the providers for their feedback. Results: Labor was augmented in 91% (165) of the labors observed; this was inappropriate for 93% or 154 women. Reasons for inappropriateness were: oxytocin ordered at the first vaginal exam (41%); in spite of intact membranes (36%), at the time of membrane rupture (42%), in spite of good progress (24%), or a combination of these. The monitoring of oxytocin‐receiving women and their babies was inadequate. Conclusions: Labor augmentation and monitoring deviated from evidence‐based guidelines. Obstacles to implementing protocols need to be explored.
Apical left ventricular aneurysm without atrio‐ventricular block due to a lamin A/C gene mutation
Authors: Forissier Jean‐François , Bonne Gisèle , Bouchier Christiane , Duboscq‐Bidot Laetitia , Richard Pascale , Wisnewski Claudine , Briault Sylvain , Moraine Claude , Dubourg Olivier , Schwartz Ketty , Komajda Michel 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground:Mutations in LMNA gene encoding two ubiquitously expressed nuclear proteins, lamins A and C, give rise to up to 7 different pathologies affecting specific tissues. Three of these disorders affect cardiac and/or skeletal muscles with atrio‐ventricular conduction disturbances, dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death as common features.Results:A new LMNA mutation (1621C>T, R541C) was found in two members of a French family with a history of ventricular rhythm disturbances and an uncommon form of systolic left ventricle dysfunction. The two patients: the proband and his daughter, were affected and exhibited an atypical form of dilated cardiomyopathy with an unexplained left ventricle aneurysm revealed by ventricular rhythm disturbances without atrio‐ventricular block.Conclusion:This finding reinforces the highly variable phenotypic expression of LMNA mutation and emphasizes the fact that LMNA mutations can be associated with different cardiac phenotypes.
Determinants of insulin sensitivity in chronic heart failure
Authors: Sabelis L.W.E. , Senden P.J. , Zonderland M.L. , van de Wiel A. , Wielders J.P.M. , Huisveld I.A. , van Haeften T.W. , Mosterd W.L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective:To describe the determinants of insulin sensitivity (IS) in chronic heart failure (CHF), we created a model in which the influence of lifestyle factors and etiology of heart failure on IS were incorporated concomitantly with age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and parameters of body composition.Design:Observational cohort study.Setting:Outpatient clinic for chronic heart failure.Patients:Fifty‐seven male CHF patients [NYHA class II–III, age 61±9 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.9±3.3 kg/m2 (mean±S.D.)].Interventions:Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, cycle ergometry, anthropometric measurements, LVEF and a physical activity questionnaire. Main outcome measures: A model explaining the variance of IS in CHF. Results: IS was 18.2±8.6 μg·kg−1·min−1·mU−1·l−1, fasting insulin level was 15.9±11.0 mU/l and fasting glucose level was 5.5±0.6 mmol/l. Peak was 19.1±4.9 ml·kg−1·min−1 and LVEF 26.2±7.1%. IS was inversely associated with fasting insulin concentration (r=−0.50, P<0.001) and BMI (r=−0.54, P<0.001). After controlling for BMI, IS also revealed a correlation with age (r=−0.36, P<0.01). The model explained 60% of variance in IS: BMI contributed 20%, smoking 17%, age 17% and physical activity in daily life (DPA) 16% (all P<0.05) to the variance of IS, whereas LVEF (9%) and etiology of heart failure (8%) contributed moderately.Conclusions:In CHF patients, IS is for a major part predicted by BMI, smoking, age, daily physical activity, LVEF and etiology of heart failure.
Electrophysiological effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine on isolated human atrial myocytes, and the influence of chronic β‐adrenoceptor blockade
Authors: Pau Davide , Workman Antony J , Kane Kathleen A , Rankin Andrew C 
Published: December 2003

5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) has been postulated to play a proarrhythmic role in the human atria via stimulation of 5‐HT4 receptors.
The aims of this study were to examine the effects of 5‐HT on the L‐type Ca2+ current (ICaL) action potential duration (APD), the effective refractory period (ERP) and arrhythmic activity in human atrial cells, and to assess the effects of prior treatment with β‐adrenoceptor antagonists.
Isolated myocytes, from the right atrial appendage of 27 consenting patients undergoing cardiac surgery who were in sinus rhythm, were studied using the whole‐cell perforated patch‐clamp technique at 37°C.
5‐HT (1 nM–10 μM) caused a concentration‐dependent increase in ICaL, which was potentiated in cells from β‐blocked (maximum response to 5‐HT, Emax=299±12% increase above control) compared to non‐β‐blocked patients (Emax=220±6%, P<0.05), but with no change in either the potency (log EC50: −7.09±0.07 vs −7.26±0.06) or Hill coefficient (nH: 1.5±0.6 vs 1.5±0.3) of the 5‐HT concentration–response curve.
5‐HT (10 μM) produced a greater increase in the APD at 50% repolarisation (APD50) in cells from β‐blocked patients (of 37±10 ms, i.e. 589±197%) vs non‐β‐blocked patients (of 10±4 ms, i.e. 157±54%; P<0.05). Both the APD90 and the ERP were unaffected by 5‐HT.
Arrhythmic activity was observed in response to 5‐HT in five of 17 cells (29%) studied from β‐blocked, compared to zero of 16 cells from the non‐β‐blocked patients (P<0.05).
In summary, the 5‐HT‐induced increase in calcium current was associated with a prolonged early plateau phase of repolarisation, but not late repolarisation or refractoriness, and the enhancement of these effects by chronic β‐adrenoceptor blockade was associated with arrhythmic potential.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 1434–1441. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705553
Direct coronary vasodilator action of adrenomedullin is mediated by nitric oxide
Authors: Matteo R De , May C N 
Published: December 2003

Increased circulating levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) cause peripheral vasodilatation and hypotension, accompanied by cardiac actions including tachycardia and increases in cardiac contractility, cardiac output, coronary conductance (CC) and coronary blood flow (CBF). It is unclear to what extent these cardiac effects are direct actions of ADM or secondary to the hypotension and altered cardiac loading.
The direct cardiac actions of ADM were examined in conscious sheep previously implanted with aortic and coronary flow probes, and an indwelling left coronary artery cannula. Responses to infusion of ADM (0.5 μg kg−1 h−1 for 1 h) into the left coronary artery or jugular vein were compared (n=6). The effect of blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthase with intracoronary (i.c.) Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NNA; 1.5 mg kg−1 h−1), infused for 2 h before and during ADM infusion, was assessed to determine whether the responses to ADM were mediated by NO (n=5).
I.c. ADM caused large and sustained increases in CC (0.35±0.07–0.55±0.13 ml min−1 mmHg−1, P<0.05) and CBF (28±6–42±9 ml min−1, P<0.05), but had no effect on arterial pressure or indices of cardiac contractility (first differential of the upstroke of systole and peak aortic flow rate). Intravenous infusion of ADM had no effects.
I.c. L‐NNA, at a dose that abolished the coronary vasodilator action of acetylcholine, blocked ADM‐induced coronary vasodilatation.
In conclusion, ADM had a direct coronary vasodilator action that was mediated by release of endogenous NO and resulted in increased CBF. There was no evidence for a direct inotropic action of ADM.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 1414–1420. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705572
Effects of A‐317491, a novel and selective P2X3/P2X2/3 receptor antagonist, on neuropathic, inflammatory and chemogenic nociception following intrathecal and intraplantar administration
Authors: McGaraughty Steve , Wismer Carol T , Zhu Chang Z , Mikusa Joseph , Honore Prisca , Chu Katharine L , Lee Chih‐Hung , Faltynek Connie R , Jarvis Michael F 
Published: December 2003

We have recently reported that systemic delivery of A‐317491, the first non‐nucleotide antagonist that has high affinity and selectivity for blocking P2X3 homomeric and P2X2/3 heteromeric channels, is antinociceptive in rat models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In an effort to further evaluate the role of P2X3/P2X2/3 receptors in nociceptive transmission, A‐317491 was administered either intrathecally or into the hindpaw of a rat in several models of acute and chronic nociception.
Intraplantar (ED50=300 nmol) and intrathecal (ED50=30 nmol) injections of A‐317491 produced dose‐related antinociception in the CFA model of chronic thermal hyperalgesia. Administration of A‐317491 by either route was much less effective to reduce thermal hyperalgesia in the carrageenan model of acute inflammatory hyperalgesia.
Intrathecal, but not intraplantar, delivery of A‐317491 attenuated mechanical allodynia in both the chronic constriction injury and L5‐L6 nerve ligation models of neuropathy (ED50=10 nmol for both models). Intrathecal injections of A‐317491 did not impede locomotor performance.
Both routes of injection were effective in reducing the number of nocifensive events triggered by the injection of formalin into a hindpaw. Nocifensive behaviors were significantly reduced in both the first and second phases of the formalin assay (intrathecal ED50=10 nmol, intraplantar ED50>300 nmol). Nocifensive behaviors induced by the P2X receptor agonist α,β‐meATP were also significantly reduced by intraplantar injection of A‐317491.
These data indicate that both spinal and peripheral P2X3/P2X2/3 receptors have significant contributions to nociception in several animal models of nerve or tissue injury. Intrathecal administration of A‐317491 appears to be more effective than intraplantar administration to reduce tactile allodynia following peripheral nerve injury.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 1381–1388. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705574
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 1
Authors: Beeckmann P. , Schröffel J. , Moser G. , Bartenschlager H. , Reiner G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 1 (SSC1) have been produced using 10 markers in three different F2 families based on crosses of Meishan (M), Pietrain (P) and Wild Boar (W). The maps were similar for the different families and show higher paternal recombination, especially in the interval SW2130–SW803. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting body conformation, carcass composition, fat deposition and numbers of teats were identified in all three families. Major QTLs were mapped in chromosomal intervals centred at approximately 60, 120 and 170 cM. The QTLs explain up to 8.4% of phenotypic variance in the F2 generation. Pietrain QTL alleles were superior in comparison with Wild Boar and Meishan alleles for most of the trait values. Meishan alleles were associated with highest fat deposition. Additive gene effects were generally larger than dominance effects. QTL profiles on SSC1 differed between families, with the W × P family being most distinct.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 3
Authors: Beeckmann P. , Schröffel J. , Moser G. , Bartenschlager H. , Reiner G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 3 (SSC3) were established on the basis of eight marker loci using three F2 families generated from crosses of Meishan (M), Pietrain (P) and Wild Boar (W) founders. The maps were similar for the three families and in agreement with the published linkage maps. Recombination was significantly higher in maternal than in paternal meioses. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs), explaining up to 6.0% of the F2 phenotypic variance, were mapped for daily gain, carcass traits and meat quality in proximal and central intervals of SSC3. The QTLs detected were often family‐specific. Pietrain QTL alleles were superior for muscle traits in comparison with Meishan alleles, and Wild Boar QTL alleles caused lower values for fatness than Pietrain alleles.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 4
Authors: Cepica S. , Stratil A. , Kopecny M. , Blazkova P. , Schröffel J. , Davoli R. , Fontanesi L. , Reiner G. , Bartenschlager H. , Moser G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 4 (SSC4) based on 19 markers were similar in lengths for three F2‐families [Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses] and in agreement with the previously published maps. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on SSC4 affect mainly muscle and fat mass. Compared with others, Pietrain alleles were associated with longer carcass, higher body weight and higher meat content. In all three families, the profiles of F ratio values for these traits showed peaks close to the positions of candidate genes V‐ATPase, ATP1A2 and ATP1B1. Additional more proximally mapped QTLs, significant at the p < 0.05 chromosome‐wide level, were found in the M × P and W × P families. The W × M family revealed highly significant QTLs located in the vicinity of AMPD1 and NGFB. The SSC4 QTLs explained up to 12% of F2 phenotypic variance.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 5
Authors: Lee S. S. , Chen Y. , Moran C. , Stratil A. , Reiner G. , Bartenschlager H. , Moser G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 5 (SSC5) were constructed using up to 10 markers in three informative F2 families based on Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses. The map lengths differed among the families. In the M × P family, the MYF5 locus was linkage mapped between SW995 and SW967. Relatively few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were observed on SSC5 explaining a maximum of 5.8% of phenotypic variance in the F2 generation. The presence and position of QTLs were not consistent among families. The Meishan and Wild Boar QTL allele effects were inferior compared with Pietrain allele effects. The additive effects were small and reasonably strong dominance‐effects were observed. QTLs affecting conductivity in the W × M family and food conversion ratio in the M × P family mapped near MYF5, while the QTL affecting conductivity in the M × P family was located near IGF1.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 7
Authors: Yue G. , Stratil A. , Cepica S. , Schröffel J. , Schröffelova D. , Fontanesi L. , Cagnazzo M. , Moser G. , Bartenschlager H. , Reiner G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 7 (SSC7) for three informative F2 families, based on Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses, were constructed using 16 marker loci. Maps were consistent for the families, except the order of the markers PI2‐PO1A‐S0212 in the W × M family which was inverted in the M × P and W × P families. Important quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were localized in the region of the SLA complex in the M × P and W × M families. These explained up to 16% of F2 phenotypic variance for body conformation, fat deposition and muscling. In the W × P family, minor QTLs were mapped outside the SLA region. The highly significant QTL alleles were mainly additive (a > d). The Meishan alleles for QTL located in the SLA region were associated with higher head weights and carcass lengths, but with lower carcass fat contents than those from Wild Boar and Pietrain. The cryptic Meishan QTL allele, which reduces carcass fat, provides one of the first examples of transgressive segregation in animals and emphasizes that useful genetic variation can be hidden in the genetic background of a breed.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 9
Authors: Cepica S. , Schröffel J. , Stratil A. , Hojný J. , Pierzchala M. , Kuryl J. , Brunsch C. , Sternstein I. , Davoli R. , Fontanesi L. , Reiner G. , Bartenschlager H. , Moser G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage and QTL maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 9 (SSC9) were constructed using 16 markers, with 13 to 15 used in three F2 families based on Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses. The LPR and SLN loci were integrated into the linkage map of SSC9 for the first time. Only a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs), explaining up to 5.1% of the F2 phenotypic variance, were identified on SSC9 with chromosome‐wide significant effects on growth and fattening in the W × P family and on weight of liver, growth and fat‐to‐meat ratio in the W × M family. No QTLs were found in the M × P family. Gene effects were mainly dominant in the W × P family. In the W × M family, Wild Boar QTL alleles for weight of liver were superior over Meishan alleles.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 11
Authors: Dragos‐Wendrich M. , Moser G. , Bartenschlager H. , Reiner G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryLinkage and QTL maps of Sus scrofa chromosome 11 (SSC11) have been produced based on four microsatellite markers genotyped in three F2 families from Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses. The maps were similar across the families and in agreement with already published maps. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were identified in the W × M family and not in the M × P and W × P families. The QTLs affected live weight, loin and neck meat weight, back‐fat depth and food consumption, and explained up to 4.7% of the F2 phenotypic variance. Additive and dominance effects were similar in size. The Wild Boar QTL alleles led to higher trait values in comparison with Meishan alleles.
Linkage and QTL mapping for Sus scrofa chromosome 12
Authors: Yue G. , Schröffel J. , Moser G. , Bartenschlager H. , Reiner G. , Geldermann H. 
Published: December 2003

SummaryThe SSC12 (Sus scrofa chromosome 12) linkage and QTL maps were generated using 11 markers, of which seven to 10 have been used in the three F2 families based on Wild Boar (W), Meishan (M) and Pietrain (P) crosses. Linkage maps showed identical marker order among the families, but differed in total lengths. They were in agreement with the already published maps, except for the order SWR1021–SW605. Most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affected fat or meat content in carcass, but were also found for some other traits (heart weight, CK20 values and teat number). They explained up to 5.4% of F2 phenotypic variance. Meishan alleles had stimulating effects on fat deposition and decreasing effects on lean content and CK20 value. The QTL profiles differed between families, with QTL effects in the vicinity of the GH1 locus found solely in the M × P family.