bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clear cell sarcoma: The Roswell Park experience
Authors: Finley J. William , Hanypsiak Bryan , Mcgrath Brian , Kraybill William , Gibbs John F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Clear cell sarcoma of the tendons and aponeuroses (CCSTA) is an aggressive, rare soft‐tissue tumor with approximately 300 reported cases. Although it appears to be histogenetically related to melanoma, its clinical behavior resembles soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for lymph node metastases. We report our experience at a tertiary cancer center.Methods:Eight cases of CCSTA evaluated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1970 and 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient data analyzed included patient age, gender, anatomic location, size of tumor, development of local, regional and distant recurrence, and patient status at last follow up.Results:Six of eight patients were alive at 2 years, while three of seven patients were alive at 5 years. Of the patients alive with no evidence of recurrence, two had tumors of less than 2 cm, and the remaining patient had incomplete information regarding tumor size. Five patients recurred within 2 years of definitive surgical management. Four had tumors > 5 cm. All five patients progressed to metastatic disease at a median follow up of 20 months (range 1–108 months) following definitive surgical management and all eventually died of their disease at a median of 3 months (range 0–24 months) from presentation with metastatic disease. Four of five patients with lesions > 5 cm received adjuvant chemotherapy with intent to cure, but all eventually died of disease at 4, 22, 34, and 41 months from initial presentation.Conclusions:CCSTA is an aggressive tumor of the soft tissues. Early recognition and management are associated with an excellent long‐term prognosis. Tumors greater than 5 cm warrant aggressive surgical management and treatment, and are at high risk of the development of distant disease. Aggressive multiagent chemotherapy appeared to have no impact on outcome. Other adjuvant therapeutic options including immunotherapy should be investigated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:16–20. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergies in destination image management: a case study and conceptualisation
Authors: Laws Eric , Scott Noel , Parfitt Nick 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of how operators and destination authorities work within a destination region, illustrating a method by which the problems resulting from different geographical scales and objectives of business units can be tackled through co‐operative marketing within a strong destination image. Following a review of the literature, a case study covering the research underpinning a cooperative marketing programme involving hotels in Port Douglas, Tropical North Queensland (TNQ) is presented. The research methodology is outlined. The policy implications of the findings for the State Tourist Organisation and for organisations involved in destination image management are considered, and a conceptual model of cooperative marketing at the destination level is proposed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism associated with the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and of chlorine atoms with 1‐propanol under near‐tropospheric conditions between 273 and 343 K
Authors: Cheema Shahbaz A. , Holbrook Kenneth A. , Oldershaw Geoffrey A. , Walker Raymond W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRate constants for the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with 1‐propanol (1‐C3H7OH) have been determined over the temperature range 273–343 K by the use of a relative rate technique. The value of k(Cl + 1‐C3H7OH) = (1.69 ± 0.19) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K and shows a small increase of 10% between 273 and 342 K. The value of k(OH + 1‐C3H7OH) increases by 14% between 273 and 343 K with a value of (5.50 ± 0.55) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K, and further when combined with a single independent experimentally determined value at 753 K gives k(OH + 1‐C3H7OH) = 4.69 × 10−17T1.8 exp(422/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which fits each data point to better than 2%. Two well‐established structure–activity relationships for H abstraction by OH radicals give accurate predictions of the rate constant for OH + 1‐C3H7OH, provided the β‐CH2 group is given an increased reactivity of a factor of about 2 over that for the structurally equivalent CH2 group in alkanes at 298 K.A quantitative product analysis was carried out at 298 K for the Cl‐initiated photooxidation of 1‐C3H7OH, using both FTIR and gas chromatography. HCHO, CH3CHO, and C2H5CHO were the only major organic primary products observed, although HCOOH was found in much smaller amounts as a secondary product. A key characteristic of the analysis was that the initial values of the product ratio [CH3CHO]/[C2H5CHO] were effectively constant for NO pressures between 0.15 and 0.3 Torr, but fell by about 35% as the pressure fell to 0.0375 Torr. From a detailed consideration of the mechanism for the oxidation, it is suggested that C2H5CHO, CH3CHO (+HCHO), and 3 molecules of HCHO are formed uniquely from CH3CH2CHOH, CH3CHCH2OH, and CH2CH2CH2OH radicals, respectively. On this basis, use of the product yields gives the branching ratios of 56, 30, and 14% for Cl atom reaction at the α‐, β‐, and γ‐CH positions in 1‐C3H7OH at 298 K. Given the very low temperature coefficients involved, little change will occur over tropospheric temperature ranges. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 110–121, 2002
On‐site and off‐site effects of wind erosion on European light soils
Authors: Riksen M. J. P. M. , de Graaff J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn intensively cultivated areas with light soils in Europe, wind erosion can have important on‐site and off‐site effects. In the framework of the EU research project Wind Erosion and European Light Soils (WEELS), an assessment has been made of these effects and of the order of magnitude of the damage and costs caused by these effects. An analysis is made of the land use and cropping in four selected sites, and farmers have provided information about the damage of wind erosion. This damage consists mainly of crop losses and additional inputs in the case of resowing. Detailed information from one of these sites shows that depending on the crop the average annual on‐site costs in high‐risk areas amount to about €60 per hectare. However, for sugar beet and oilseed rape the costs can be once in five years as much as €500 per hectare. Farmers are generally well aware of the erosion risk and do apply a variety of control measures. With these measures the average annual costs of wind erosion can be reduced significantly. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion of composite resins to enamel irradiated by the er:YAG laser: Application of the ultrasonic scaler on irradiated surface
Authors: Eguro Toru , Maeda Toru , Tanabe Midori , Otsuki Masahito , Tanaka Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe clinical use of the Er:YAG laser in cavity preparation has become widespread. With respect to cavities prepared with the Er:YAG laser, restorations using composite resins and glass ionomer cements are common. The bond strength of current resin bonding systems to ground enamel is 14–30 MPa, whereas the strength to Er:YAG laser‐irradiated enamel, regardless of the use or non‐use of phosphoric acid etching is less than 10 MPa.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this investigation, an ultrasonic scaler was tested as a technique to increase the bond strength of composite resins to the Er:YAG irradiated enamel surface.ResultsThe application of the ultrasonic scaler significantly increased bond strength.ConclusionsThe tensile bond strength in the groups treated with the ultrasonic scaler exhibited approximately twice the strength observed in groups treated with laser irradiation alone. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:365–370, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser soldering of rat skin, using fiberoptic temperature controlled system
Authors: Simhon D. , Ravid A. , Halpern M. , Cilesiz I. , Brosh T. , Kariv N. , Leviav A. , Katzir A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser soldering of tissues is based on the application of a biological solder on the approximated edges of a cut. Our goal was to use laser soldering for sealing cuts in skin under temperature feedback control and compare the results with ones obtained using standard sutures.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAlbumin solder was applied onto the approximated edges of cuts created in rat skin. A fiberoptic system was used to deliver the radiation of a CO2 laser, to heat a spot near the cut edges, and to control the temperature. Laser soldering was carried out, spot by spot, where the temperature at each spot was kept at 65–70°C for 10 sec.ResultsThe tensile strength of laser‐soldered cuts was measured after 3–28 days postoperatively and was found comparable to that of sutured cuts. Histopathological studies showed no thermal damage and less inflammatory reaction than that caused by standard sutures (P = 0.04).ConclusionsTemperature controlled laser soldering of cuts in rat skin gave strong bonding. The cosmetic and histological results were very good, in comparison to those of standard sutures. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:265–273, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A p21waf1‐independent pathway for inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin‐dependent kinase p34cdc2 and concomitant G2/M arrest by the chemopreventive flavonoid apigenin
Authors: McVean Maralee , Weinberg Wendy C. , Pelling Jill C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit ultraviolet light–induced skin tumorigenesis when topically applied to mouse skin. Our previous studies have shown that apigenin treatment of cultured mouse keratinocytes induces G2/M arrest accompanied by an increase in p53 protein stability and expression of p21waf1. In this study, we determined whether the G2/M arrest induced by apigenin was dependent upon the presence of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1. We exposed WWT.8 (p21waf1 wild‐type) and WKO.16 (p21waf1 null) mouse keratinocytes to various doses of apigenin for 24 h and observed G2/M arrest in both cell lines, thereby establishing that the apigenin‐induced G2/M arrest was p21waf1 independent. A 4‐h treatment with apigenin induced increases in p53 protein level by sixfold and tenfold in the WWT.8 p21waf1 wild‐type cells and WKO.16 p21waf1 null cells, respectively. After 24 h in WWT.8 cells, p21waf1 protein also was induced in a dose‐dependent manner, but it was not expressed in WKO.16 keratinocytes. We then measured the effect of apigenin treatment on the mammalian homologue of the yeast cdc2 gene (p34cdc2) cyclin‐dependent kinase and cyclin B1 (cycB1), because these proteins complex to regulate G2/M progression. Apigenin treatment decreased the protein level of p34cdc2, and p34cdc2 kinase activity was inhibited in both p21waf1+/+ and p21waf1−/− cell lines by approximately 40%. The inhibition of p34cdc2 kinase activity by apigenin treatment correlated with increasing levels of p34cdc2 phosphorylation at Tyr15, a site in the p34cdc2 kinase that undergoes inhibitory phosphorylation by Wee1 kinase. Apigenin treatment also had no effect on the protein level or activity of the competing phosphatase, cdc25c, which dephosphorylates p34cdc2 kinase at Tyr15. Apigenin had little effect on the accumulation of cycB1 protein. These results supported the conclusion that G2/M arrest induced by apigenin was accompanied by inhibition of the p34cdc2 cyclin‐dependent kinase protein level and activity in a p21waf1‐independent manner. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypermethylation of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 6 (APT1, Fas, CD95/Apo‐1) gene promoter at rel/nuclear factor κB sites in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Santourlidis Simon , Warskulat Ulrich , Florl Andrea R. , Maas Simone , Pulte Thomas , Fischer Johannes , Müller Wolfram , Schulz Wolfgang A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDNA hypermethylation of CpG‐rich promoter sequences is associated with tumor suppressor gene inactivation in many human cancers, notably in carcinoma of the prostate and the urinary bladder. Recently, the mouse homologue of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 6 (TNFRSF6) gene was reported to be inactivated by DNA methylation in various cell types. The Fas (CD95, Apo‐1) protein encoded by the TNFRSF6 gene is an important mediator of apoptosis, which also is downregulated in different types of human carcinoma. We therefore investigated the methylation of the TNFRSF6 promoter in prostatic and bladder carcinomas and cell lines. In a restriction enzyme polymerase chain reaction assay, four of 32 prostatic carcinomas and three of 15 advanced bladder carcinomas showed evidence of hypermethylation at the rel/nuclear factor κB (NFκB) binding sites essential for promoter activity. The DU145 cell line derived from a metastasis of a prostate carcinoma also displayed hypermethylation in this assay, which was confirmed by bisulfite sequencing. Treatment of DU145 cells with the methylation inhibitor deoxyazacytidine slightly increased Fas protein expression, as detected by flow cytometry analysis. In vitro methylation of the TNFRSF6 promoter at the rel/NFκB sites completely abolished its activity. Thus, although the TNFRSF6 gene can be inactivated efficiently by DNA methylation, hypermethylation occurs neither frequently nor extensively in human carcinomas and appears to play a limited role in downregulation of Fas expression. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Field validation of a method for population screening of parkinsonism
Authors: Sevillano Maria Dolores , de Pedro‐Cuesta Jesús , Duarte Jacinto , Clavería Luis Erik 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe sought to validate an instrument and two application procedures for screening for prevalence of parkinsonism in conjunction with a door‐to‐door survey in Cantalejo, Spain. Residents in Cantalejo aged 40 years or older were assigned to three groups specifically designed to optimise case‐finding and cost/efficiency. A nine‐item questionnaire aimed at identifying parkinsonism‐related symptoms was administered and collected door‐to‐door by laymen and repeated by specialists at a medical facility before neurological examination. Diagnoses were then established and confirmed after a 3‐year follow‐up. Different indices for and concordance of answers were studied for both applications in groups of 25 individuals with parkinsonism. The scoring procedure was updated using the prevalence community sample of parkinsonism. Whereas the application administered by laymen showed, using the same cut‐off scores, a higher sensitivity for parkinsonism than that administered by trained personnel, it yielded a lower positive predictive value for parkinsonism diagnosed during the study, i.e., at a 30‐point cut‐off (96% vs. 80% and 15% vs. 76%, respectively). Concordance was ≥64% with κ ≥0.316 and P ≤0.031 for six questions. Instrument sensitivity, determined by different cut‐off scores, had a high impact on PD detection, observed M/F ratio, severity, and mean age at onset. Choice of screening method or application can considerably affect prevalence measurements and disease natural history parameters described in PD surveys. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Sudden daytime sleep onset in Parkinson's disease: Polysomnographic recordings
Authors: Tracik F. , Ebersbach G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSleep attacks in Parkinson's disease are controversially discussed. This paper describes a patient with Parkinson's disease suffering from sudden, irresistible onset of sleep during daytime. Medication included levodopa, entacapone, budipine, and cabergoline. Introduction of entacapone was the last therapeutic action preceding onset of sleep events, suggesting increased bioavailabilty of levodopa to be provocative in this case. In contrast to previous cases, the sudden sleep events were witnessed by clinical staff members and documented by polysomnographic and video recordings. Polysomnography during these sleep events remarkably showed abrupt slowing of EEG‐background activity and occurrence of slow eye movements and K‐complexes within 10 seconds after stable wakefulness. Within 60 seconds, the polysomnographic pattern proceeded to stable sleep stage 2. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17): PPND family. A longitudinal videotape demonstration
Authors: Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Kardon Randy H. , Wolters Erik Ch. , Pfeiffer Ronald F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17), characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, has recently been recognized as a distinct entity that can display a confusingly broad clinical phenotype. The pallido‐ponto‐nigral degeneration (PPND) variant is the prototypical example of the parkinsonism‐predominant pattern of FTDP‐17. A longitudinal videotape demonstration of the clinical progression of this entity in a single individual, along with brief videotape segments from three additional affected individuals, is presented in order to facilitate recognition of this disorder. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
A new artificial nerve graft containing rolled Schwann cell monolayers
Authors: Hadlock Tessa A. , Sundback Cathryn A. , Hunter Daniel A. , Vacanti Joseph P. , Cheney Mack L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study hypothesized that introducing high numbers of Schwann cells in monolayers via a novel rolled graft architecture would promote robust nerve regeneration. The objective was to place adherent Schwann cells in artificial nerve grafts and to assess regeneration through the Schwann cell–laden grafts compared with that through acellular grafts and autografts. Schwann cells were isolated from neonatal Fisher rats. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was harvested from adult Fisher rats, cut into 7 mm × 8 cm pieces, and pinned out. Schwann cells were plated onto the strips, allowed to reach confluence, and subsequently rolled into a laminar structure and implanted across a 7‐mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve (n = 12). Control animals received SIS conduits without Schwann cells (n = 11) or autograft repair (n = 12). At 10.5 weeks, functional regeneration through the Schwann cell–laden grafts, measured by both sciatic function index and extensor postural thrust testing, exceeded that through the cell‐free grafts and approached that achieved through autografts. These results highlight the role of Schwann cells in nerve regeneration. Regenerative results approaching autograft levels in the Schwann cell–laden group suggest that this methodology may ultimately be useful in clinical nerve repair. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:96–101 2001
Long‐acting morphine for pain control in paediatric oncology
Authors: Zernikow Boris , Lindena Gabriele 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for treatment of paediatric cancer pain recommend the usage of long‐acting morphine. However, published paediatric experience with this drug is restricted to 147 children not systematically evaluated, and thus insufficient. We aimed to systematically analyse the age‐dependent effects and adverse effects of long‐acting morphine in paediatric cancer patients.ProcedureNinety‐five children aged 1 to 19 years were enrolled in a collaborative retrospective study conducted over seven‐and‐a‐half years. Pain was scored according to a numeric rating scale (NRS, range 0 to 5), and the corresponding medication was recorded.ResultsIn 83 children documentation period started during morphine treatment (71, oral long‐acting; 1, rectal; 11, IV). Mean oral/equivalent morphine starting dose was 1.3 mg/kgbw/d (SD 0.9). Mean end dose was 2.8 mg/kgbw/d (SD 2.7). Infants aged < 7 years received the highest average dose (2.6 mg/kgbw/d, SD 2.8), while patients > 12 years received the lowest dose (1.4 mg/kgbw/d, SD 1.1). Median pain intensity decreased from score 1.0 (mean 1.2) NRS at the beginning to 0 (mean 0.6) NRS at the end. The proportion of patients scoring > 2 NRS (severe or most severe pain) under morphine treatment decreased from 26 to 12% (P = 0.08). In children > 12 years pruritus was frequently observed (23% of patients). In all age groups, there were no severe adverse effects during the study period.ConclusionsIn paediatric haematology/oncology, pain control by oral long‐acting morphine proved to be safe and effective even in the very young patients. The pharmacological properties of long‐acting morphine are ideally suited for paediatric use, combining efficacy and compatibility. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:451–458, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning of brain aromatase gene and expression of brain and ovarian aromatase genes during sexual differentiation in genetic male and female Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Kwon Joon Yeong , McAndrew Brendan J. , Penman David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA brain aromatase gene was identified from the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The cDNA sequence of this gene differed from that of the ovarian aromatase gene previously reported from this species. Tissue specific expression for both brain and ovarian aromatase genes was examined in the tissues of adult tilapia. Brain aromatase mRNA was expressed in the brain, kidney, eye, ovary, and testis, but not in the liver and spleen. Ovarian aromatase mRNA was expressed in the brain, spleen, ovary, and testis but not in the eye, kidney, and liver. Differential aromatase gene expression between the sexes was investigated in all‐male (XY) and all‐female (XX) groups of tilapia fry from fertilisation throughout the sexual differentiation period. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the initiation of expression of both aromatase genes lay between 3 and 4 dpf (days post fertilisation) in both sexes. The level of brain aromatase mRNA gradually increased throughout the period studied with little difference between the sexes. This contrasted with marked sexual dimorphism of ovarian aromatase mRNA expression. In females, the expression level was maintained or increased gradually throughout ontogeny, while the level in males was dramatically down‐regulated between 15 and 27 dpf. Subsequently, the level of ovarian aromatase mRNA expression fluctuated slightly in both sexes, with the expression in females always being higher than in males. These findings clearly suggest that ovarian aromatase plays a decisive role in sexual differentiation in this species and that this is achieved by down‐regulation of the expression of this gene in males. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 59: 359–370, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.