bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar Effects on Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics During Co‐Composting of Poultry Manure With Carbonized and Uncarbonized Organic Materials in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Manka'abusi Delphine , Häring Volker , Steiner Christoph , Heinze Stefanie , Abubakari Abdul‐Halim , Yeboah Edward , Marschner Bernd 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCarbonized organic matter (biochar) and compost are both beneficial soil amendments and particularly meaningful for the restoration of degraded soils. Application of biochar adds stable carbon (C) but only little nitrogen (N) to the soil. Compost is rich in C and N, but losses of these elements during composting are large, and C stability is relatively low. The addition of biochar during composting has been reported to decrease N losses, accelerate the composting process, increase cation exchange capacity (CEC), and increase water‐holding capacity compared to composting without biochar. However, C and N dynamics during biochar co‐composting vary enormously depending on feedstock quality.AimsTherefore, the aims of this study were to find out if biochar addition will reduce C and N losses during composting of organic materials in a field trial in Sub‐Saharan Africa or not.MethodsSix compost treatments, among them three compost mixtures with biochars made from rice husks (cRH), corn cobs (cCC) and wood (cWO) or their un‐carbonized feedstocks (RH, CC, and WO), were co‐composted with poultry manure (15 vol‐%) and rice straw (60 vol‐%) in randomly allocated 1 m3 compost bins.ResultsAfter composting, biochar treatments had lower or similar C losses, lower contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), higher C decomposition rates, and higher or similar pH‐values compared with their non‐biochar treatments. Biochars that were stored in mesh bags during composting increased in DOC and effective CEC and decreased in surface area. Biochar retained N through accumulation and sorption of ammonium nitrogen (NH4‐N). Microbial biomass and nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N) were similar among all treatments.ConclusionsOverall, biochar positively affected C and N retention and compost quality.
Supporting Career Progression in Publishing Through Systematic Analysis of Job Descriptions: A Cross‐Industry Initiative
Authors: Cheng Lauretta S. P. , Heaney Kate , Lam Michelle , Lord Jacklyn , Warren John W. , Watkinson Charles 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLittle consistency exists in how individuals enter scholarly publishing, let alone advance their careers. More transparency and documentation can help increase diversity in an industry that wrestles with its privilege. In this article, we report on a project initiated by three publishing industry associations to aggregate, normalise, and analyse public job postings and internal position descriptions in scholarly publishing. After gathering more than 1000 unique descriptions, a group of knowledgeable volunteers qualitatively coded them. Researchers from the University of Michigan checked for data consistency and analysed the job description corpus. Preliminary visualisations highlight the skills that suit potential applicants for various publishing positions and the skills that are most important to build for advancement. The findings can inform the development of products to make publishing a more equitable industry, such as interactive tools to match individuals with types of publishing jobs, well‐formed template positions, and training programs that address skills gaps.
Can Bilingual Publishing Through Translation Increase International Authorship: An Interrupted Time Series Study of Spain‐Based Journals
Authors: Li Xiangdong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnder the pressure of English as the lingua franca for research publication, local journals have changed their language policies for survival. While some discontinued their local‐language editions and became English journals, others resorted to bilingual publishing through translation, which may enable them to be integrated into the international community without losing their cultural identity. So far, the impact of bilingual publishing on international visibility has rarely been explored, though relevant knowledge is limited. This study aims to explore whether the bilingual publishing policy adopted by four Spain‐based journals increases their international authorship, as is reflected in the proportion of foreign contributions and the geographical distribution of foreign contributing countries. To address this issue, a control‐group interrupted time series design was implemented, assigning the four journals to the experimental group and a homogeneous journal to the comparison group. Within‐group and between‐group evidence indicates that Spain‐based journals' shift to bilingual publishing increases the proportion of international contributions and widens the geographical distribution of contributing countries. The findings are discussed against the current literature and arguments are initiated as to whether it is necessary to continue with the bilingual publishing policy if international authorship reduces the publication chances of local authors.
Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth: The Dark Side of Uncertain Price Promotions
Authors: Talebi Arash , Prokopec Sonja , Onculer Ayse 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA growing number of retailers and brands use uncertain price promotions to increase their sales. This research introduces the “looking a gift horse in the mouth” effect by probing these promotions as a potential liability. Findings from a field study and five experiments reveal that consumers who receive an inferior prize in an uncertain price promotion have a lower brand appraisal and repeated purchase behavior than those (i) who receive the same prize for sure, (ii) who receive the higher‐value prize in the uncertain promotion, and (iii) who are not even offered any price promotion. We propose, and examine, mixed emotions as a possible reason for this dilution in brand appraisal. The findings offer important insights and managerial implications for practitioners by proposing a revisit of the design of uncertain price promotions to regulate the mood and perception of risky low‐win consumers.
EPR Spectra Hyperfine Structure of Fluorine‐Containing Nitroxide Radicals in Liquid Solutions: Prediction by DFT
Authors: Matveev Mikhail V. , Lunkov Sergei S. , Chumakova Natalia A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSpin trap method allows receiving important information about the structure of short‐living intermediate radicals involved in chemical processes. Commonly, the product of a spin trap reaction with an intermediate radical is identified based on the hyperfine structure of its EPR spectrum. However, such identification can be significantly complicated for novel radicals whose spectra are unknown. In this work, we propose a semiquantitative low‐cost computation method that allows predicting the hyperfine structure of EPR spectra of the α‐phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (PBN) adducts with fluorine‐containing radicals. The scheme was tested for several radicals containing from 0 to 4 fluorine atoms.
Noisy Non‐Negative Tucker Decomposition With Sparse Factors and Missing Data
Authors: Zhang Xiongjun , Ng Michael K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTensor decomposition is a powerful tool for extracting physically meaningful latent factors from multi‐dimensional non‐negative data, and has been an increasing interest in a variety of fields such as image processing, machine learning, and computer vision. In this paper, we propose a sparse non‐negative Tucker decomposition and completion approach for the recovery of underlying non‐negative data under incompleted and generally noisy observations. Here the underlying non‐negative tensor data is decomposed into a core tensor and several factor matrices with all entries being non‐negative and the factor matrices being sparse. The loss function is derived by the maximum likelihood estimation of the noisy observations, and the norm is employed to enhance the sparsity of the factor matrices. We establish the error bound of the estimator of the proposed model under generic noise scenarios, which is then specified to the observations with additive Gaussian noise, additive Laplace noise, and Poisson observations, respectively. Our theoretical results are better than those by existing tensor‐based or matrix‐based methods. Moreover, the minimax lower bounds are shown to be matched with the derived upper bounds up to logarithmic factors. Numerical experiments on both synthetic data and real‐world data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method for non‐negative tensor data completion.
Waterfront property owners' shoreline preferences amid salt marsh to mangrove transitions
Authors: Alemu Jahson B. , Hughes A. Randall , Osland Michael J. , Swinea Savannah H. , Thorne Kalaina A. , Bardou Rémi , Shepard Christine C. , Scyphers Steven B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We examined the influence of mangrove encroachment into salt marsh areas along the northern Gulf of Mexico (USA) on waterfront property owners' perceptions of coastal health and preferences for shoreline management.

Using mail‐in and online surveys, we targeted over 3000 waterfront property owners across four jurisdictions experiencing or anticipating mangrove encroachment.

Our findings revealed a nuanced perception of coastal health, with many respondents recognizing the potentially environmental impacts of mangrove encroachment but favouring low‐cost management strategies, such as maintaining current shoreline or passive monitoring. This reluctance to engage in active management highlights a perception‐behaviour gap, likely influenced by the gradual nature of mangrove transitions, which diminishes urgency for active intervention.

Socio‐demographic factors such as age, gender, income, residency and reliance on coastal resources significantly shaped preferences for shoreline management and regional responses. These preferences varied across jurisdictions, reflecting the importance of incorporating localized community values into management decisions.

Our findings highlight the need for a balanced approach to shoreline management that integrates ecological insights with the socio‐cultural priorities of local communities. By aligning adaptation strategies with regional perceptions and values, it is possible to protect individual properties while enhancing the long‐term resilience of coastal ecosystems under climate change pressures.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Fabrication and characterization approach to enhance the mechanical performance of zirconia‐coated Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes reinforced High density polyethylene composites
Authors: Suhas K. , Murthy B. R. N. , Hiremath Anupama 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive investigation into the fabrication and characterization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites reinforced with zirconia (ZrO2)‐coated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). HDPE, a widely used polymer for pressure pipe applications, was selected for its superior mechanical properties, while ZrO2‐coated MWCNTs were employed as nanofillers to enhance these properties further. The acid functionalization of MWCNTs, followed by the application of a ZrO2 coating, was executed to ensure optimal dispersion and interfacial bonding within the HDPE matrix. The functionalized MWCNTs (f‐MWCNTs) were synthesized via an acid treatment process using 8 M HNO3, which significantly eased agglomeration and facilitated a stable ZrO2 coating. Subsequent hydrothermal processing at 200°C for 18 h yielded uniformly coated MWCNTs. These nanofillers were then melt‐blended with HDPE, followed by injection molding. Mechanical testing revealed substantial enhancements in the tensile, flexural, and hardness properties of the composites. The tensile strength exhibited a marked increase, peaking at a 3 wt.% ZrO2‐coated MWCNT concentration, with a 50% improvement over pristine HDPE. Flexural modulus and hardness values also saw significant increments, with the highest enhancements recorded at 4 wt.% filler content. Impact testing showed improved toughness, although excessive filler loading led to diminished returns due to nanoparticle aggregation. FTIR and XRD analyses supported the successful integration of ZrO2‐coated MWCNTs within the HDPE matrix, highlighting the presence of characteristic peaks associated with both MWCNTs and HDPE. These findings provide the potential of ZrO2‐coated MWCNTs as effective nanofillers in enhancing the mechanical performance of HDPE composites, making suitable for advanced engineering applications.Highlights
Coating of ZrO2 on MWCNTs using Hydrothermal method.
Melt blending of ZrO2 coated MWCNT with HDPE using twin‐screw extruder.
Preparation of samples through injection molding as per ASTM standard.
Mechanical properties and characterization analysis of the composite.
Impact of Rapid Thermal Processing on Bulk Lifetime and Surface Recombination Velocity of Crystalline Silicon With Passivating Tunnel Oxide Contacts
Authors: Haug F.‐J. , Morisset A. , Lehmann M. , Libraro S. , Genç E. , Hurni J. , Ballif C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe investigate rapid thermal processing (RTP) as alternative to the prolonged thermal annealing process used to form tunnel‐oxide passivating contacts for silicon solar cells. The thermal treatment is generally followed by hydrogenation to passivate defects at the Si/SiOx interface. Whereas industrial manufacturing generally uses Cz wafers, research is often carried out with FZ wafers. Both types of wafers are prone to the formation of thermal defects in the bulk. To disentangle effects of the interface and the bulk, we assess the lifetime at different steps of the process sequence for both wafer types. We find that the initial bulk lifetime of our p‐type FZ material is maintained for RTP up to temperatures of about 450°C, followed by a severe decay and eventually a moderate extent of recovery at temperatures above 800°C. Compared to FZ material, the initial bulk lifetimes in our p‐type Cz material are slightly lower, but they are maintained on that level up to about 600°C. Beyond that temperature, the lifetimes also decay, but to a lesser extent than in the FZ material, and there is no curing at higher temperatures. Hydrogenation can partially passivate the bulk defects in FZ material, but the initial state is not recovered. In Cz material, it appears that RTP creates two different types of defects; for those created up to 800°C, the initial state can be recovered by hydrogenation whereas those created at higher temperature cannot be passivated by hydrogenation. We also investigate the formation of n‐type passivating contacts by RTP, and we fabricate solar cell precursors with a single RTP step and the same hydrogenation for both contact polarities. After sputtering a transparent conducting ITO layer on the full area and an Ag metallization, we achieve solar cells efficiencies up to 20.5%.
Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Interaction Mechanisms of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Phosphatidylcholine in Cell Membrane Structure
Authors: Chen Yang , Chai Zhao‐Nan , Zhang Yuan‐Tao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCold atmospheric plasma (CAP)‐assisted cancer therapy has garnered significant attention in the field of plasma medicine. The key mechanism involves inducing oxidative stress, which has been proven to be an effective approach for triggering apoptosis in cancer cells, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by CAP are believed to play a pivotal role in this process. In this study, our focus is on the cell membrane, which serves as the first line of defense for cancer cells, and the primary constituent of the membrane, phosphatidylcholine (POPC), is used as the reaction model. The lipid oxidative stress interaction mechanism of ROS (specifically O atoms, OH radicals, and molecules) with POPC at the molecular level is investigated by reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The simulation results show that the oxidative processes usually start with H‐abstraction reactions, then are followed by the formation of several biologically functional groups. For instance, fatty acid saturation‐altering double and conjugated dilute bonds, hydrophilic alcohol and aldehyde‐ketone groups, epoxy rings with possible genotoxic impurities, and hydrogen‐bonded receptor cyano. Acrolein, a by‐product of lipid peroxidation, is also observed from the simulation data. The breaking of single bonds, including C‐O, C‐C, and C‐N, is observed in the simulation, as well as the destroying of crucial structural components of POPC, such as the base, glycerophosphate chain, and fatty acid chains, suggesting that the cell membrane structure is disrupted. Compared to the bases and glycerophosphate, the fatty acid chains are most destroyed under the action of ROS. The final oxidation products of POPC have also been revealed from the computational data. Additionally, the dosage effects on the final products are also discussed by adjusting the types and numbers of ROS in the simulation box. This study provides the detailed oxidative process of lipid oxidation of POPC induced by CAP and fundamental insights for optimizing CAP to effectively inactivate cancer cells.
ChatPySD: Embedding and Simulating System Dynamics Models in ChatGPT‐4
Authors: Hu Bo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel approach for seamlessly integrating system dynamics models into the ChatGPT‐4 conversational AI. By transforming system dynamics models with PySD and embedding them into ChatGPT's conversational context, users can explore even complex models through natural language interactions. ChatGPT‐4 is capable of running simulations based on user‐provided parameters and offering explanations and analyses of the simulation results, leveraging its extensive knowledge base. Because of the constraints of ChatGPT's analytical and computational capacity, it is crucial to provide additional essential information alongside the system dynamics model and to thoroughly verify and implement ChatGPT's responses. ChatGPT, in turn, can dynamically generate executable Python code, creating a bidirectional interface that empowers modelers to engage with ChatGPT using programming languages. This complements existing natural language and image‐based interactions, enhancing the overall efficiency of communication. Successfully integrating system dynamics models with ChatGPT not only makes the models more accessible but also enhances various aspects of system dynamics, including modeling, simulation, discussion, and education. Furthermore, the inherent rigor and transparency of system dynamics models can be extended to ChatGPT conversations, thereby expanding ChatGPT's capabilities.
Effect of Brief Electrical Stimulation on Cell Biomechanics in Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy
Authors: Ta Daniel , Anthony Anu , Sliow Ashour , Wan Boyang , Zang Leo , Higgins Michael , Lam Lisa , Mahns David , Gargiulo Gaetano , Breen Paul , Mawad Damia , Ruprai Herleen , Myers Simon , Laurenti Daunia , Lauto Antonio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are widely used to model neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy type 1A (HSN‐1A), a peripheral nerve condition causing axon degeneration and sensory loss. A cell model of HSN‐1A is developed by overexpressing wild‐type and mutant SPTLC1 genes (C133W, C133Y, V144D). Cells are cultured on plastic and gold substrates, with brief electrical stimulation applied to the gold‐grown cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure Young's modulus, indentation, and energy dissipation. Finite Element Method and non‐linear modeling validate the results. In the absence of stimulation, mutant cells show lower stiffness compared to non‐transfected cells, indicating a direct biomechanical impact of the mutations. Brief electrical stimulation significantly increases the stiffness of mutant cells, particularly in C133W (99%), C133Y (100%), and V144D (111%) variants, despite the mutations. Energy dissipation of stimulated V144D cells decreases to levels comparable to untreated non‐transfected cells. The simulations support the AFM measurements, demonstrating that brief electrical stimulation can partially reverse the biomechanical effects of gene mutations.
Gel‐Based Electrolytes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Peng Yujie , Gao Lin , Liu Changjian , Guo Haihong , Huang Wei , Zheng Ding 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as the core component of specialized bioelectronic technologies due to their high signal amplification capability, low operating voltage (<1 V), and biocompatibility. Under a gate bias, OECTs modulate device operation via ionic drift between the electrolyte and the channel. Compared to common electrolytes with a fluid nature (including salt aqueous solutions and ion liquids), gel electrolytes, with an intriguing structure consisting of a physically and/or chemically crosslinked polymer network where the interstitial spaces between polymers are filled with liquid electrolytes or mobile ion species, are promising candidates for quasi‐solid electrolytes. Due to relatively high ionic conductivity, the potential for large‐scale integration, and the capability to suppress channel swelling, gel electrolytes have been a research highlight in OECTs in recent years. This review summarizes recent progress on OECTs with gel electrolytes that demonstrate good mechanical as well as physical and chemical stabilities. Moreover, various components in forming gel electrolytes, including different mobile liquid phases and polymer components, are introduced. Furthermore, applications of these OECTs in the areas of sensors, neuromorphics, and organic circuits, are discussed. Last, future perspectives of OECTs based on gel electrolytes are discussed along with possible solutions for existing challenges.
Pressure‐Modulated Luminescence Enhancement and Quenching in a Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Sicheng , VanNatta Peter E. , Wang Bin , Liu Zhenxian , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Nafady Ayman , Ma Shengqian , Yan Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLight emission in the solid state is central for illumination, sensing, and imaging applications. Unlike luminescence in dilute solutions, where the excited states are unimolecular in nature, intermolecular interaction plays a significant role in the quantum yield of solid‐state luminophores, manifested as competing aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation‐induced enhancement (AIE). Both effects are extensively studied in various systems; however, it remains unclear how their competition depends on molecular conformation and intermolecular stacking. Here the direct observation of pressure‐modulated AIE‐ACQ competition in a crystalline hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) is reported. Using in situ spectroscopies and computational modeling, the intramolecular vibration and intermolecular π–π stacking directly responsible for the non‐radiative decay of the excited state are identified. The extent of these two contributions is modulated by hydrostatic pressure and guest molecules in the HOF pores. This work demonstrates a physically neat model system to understand and control solid‐state luminescence, and a potential material platform for piezoluminescent sensing.