bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women in Intimate Partner Violence: Major Advances and New Directions
Authors: Dutton Mary Ann , El-Khoury Mai , Murphy Megan , Somberg, Rachel , Bell Margret E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding women in intimate partner violence (IPV) is necessary for developing ecologically valid and effective interventions to prevent further harm and to reduce the harm already incurred. Most of this chapter focuses on women’s response to IPV, although we also include a section addressing women’s own use of violence. Recognizing women as both victims of IPV and agents in the use of violence against their partners is complex, both politically and scientifically. Consideration of violent acts alone fails to do justice to the complex terrain of intimate partners’ interactions, since most forms of violence can have quite different meanings depending on the social context. For example, when one partner initiates physical assault or a verbal threat and the other responds in kind, the two acts may differ in terms of the level of motivation to control or dominate the partner, injury, and fear or other psychological reactions by the partner. Assessing violent acts in ways that distinguish very different contexts is a noteworthy scientific challenge.
Partner Violence and Children
Authors: Jouriles Ernest N , McDonald, Renee , Skopp Nancy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Physical violence between partners in the context of an intimate relationship (referred to in this chapter as partner violence) is a prevalent problem in the United States (Schafer, Caetano, & Clark, 1998; Straus & Gelles, 1990; Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998). Although women may be the most obvious victims of such violence, it has become increasingly clear that the impact of partner violence extends to children as well. In fact, children of battered women (women who have experienced frequent and severe partner violence) appear to be at considerable risk for a wide range of adjustment difficulties (Jouriles, Norwood, McDonald, & Peters, 2001; Margolin, 1998; Wolfe & Korsch, 1994). Given the large number of children in the United States projected to be exposed to partner violence, there is a growing concern about the effects of such violence on children (Holden, Geffner, & Jouriles, 1998). In this chapter, we discuss several key aspects of the empirical literature on partner violence and children. We first review some of the epidemiological findings on partner violence and children, including estimates of the number of children in the United States exposed to partner violence. We then review findings suggesting that children’s exposure to partner violence is associated with short- and long-term adjustment difficulties. The focus of our chapter, however, is on gaps in our knowledge pertaining to children’s exposure to partner violence. These include the disconnect between studies on the prevalence of partner violence and those on the link between partner violence and child problems, the lack of knowledge on processes linking partner violence with child problems, and the dearth of research on interventions for children in families characterized by partner violence.
A Relational Perspective on Depressed Children:Family Patterns and Interventions
Authors: Kaslow Nadine J , Jones Claudia A , Palin Frances 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Childhood depression is a growing public health problem. Despite the fact that depressed children are overrepresented among high utilizers of health care services (Glied & Neufeld, 2001), few of these young people receive the appropriate mental health services (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). Depressive symptoms and associated deficits in biological, cognitive, affective, and interpersonal functioning can skew normal development and may result in significant short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Depression is on the in- crease among young people (Burke, Burke, Rae, & Regier, 1991), a finding attributable to an interaction of genetic and environmental factors (Gershon, Hamovit, Guroff, & Nurnberger, 1987). Changing familial and societal trends create increased stress on children and reduce available coping resources, thereby resulting in more depressions among children. As such, depression does not reflect a problem with the child, but rather is a disorder that is embedded within a social context. Not only does depression run in families, but family dynamics and adverse family environments may be associated particularly with the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms and disorders in prepubertal children (Duggal, Carlson, Sroufe, & Egeland, 2001; Harrington, Rutter, & Fombonne, 1996). In addition, a child’s depression significantly impacts the family system. Further, protective factors within the family system can reduce a child’s risk for depression and can be associated with a more positive course and prognosis for a depressed child. Thus, family interventions may be ideally suited for depressed youth and their families. Of course, these interventions must take into account contextual influences.
Toward Culturally Centered and Evidence-Based Treatments for Depressed Adolescents
Authors: Bernal Guillermo , Saez-Santiago Emily 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we discuss issues involved in considering culture and ethnicity in treatments. We present some of the recent developments in mental health within a framework that incorporates culturally sensitive criteria and aims to strengthen the ecological validity of treatment and intervention studies. Also, we discuss recent findings concerning depressed adolescents in Puerto Rico to reflect on the next steps in developing and evaluating culturally centered family interventions for this population. Our primary goal in this chapter is to contribute to the identification ‘‘of treatments that work for whom and under what circumstances, and why, to aid in improving mental health services and reducing disparities in mental health care’’ (p. 46), a recommendation of the recent National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) report ‘‘Translating Behavioral Science into Action’’ (National Advisory Mental Health Council’s Clinical Treatment and Services Research Workgroup, 2000).
The Role of Play in the Recovery Process
Authors: Raynor Carol M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My personal experience in working with children in Missouri after the flood of 1993 reaffirmed my conviction that children gain some control over their lives after disaster through play. Virginia Axline, pioneer in play therapy, developed the theory that repetitive play helps children cope with trauma and change in their lives (Axline, 1969). Quite recently, Karen Olness (1999), a pediatrician with 30 years of experience working with children who have escaped wars or natural disasters, has emphasized the importance of play in refugee camps. The stress relief afforded by play is a priority when working with children, according to Olness, along with concerns for malnutrition and dehydration.
Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics
Authors: Nei Masatoshi , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book presents the statistical methods that are useful in the study of molecular evolution and illustrates how to use them in actual data analysis. Molecular evolution has been developing at a great pace over the past decade or so, driven by the huge increase in genetic sequence data from many organisms, the improvement of high-speed microcomputers, and the development of several new methods for phylogenetic analysis. This book for graduate students and researchers, assuming a basic knowledge of evolution, molecular biology, and elementary statistics, should make it possible for many investigators to incorporate refined statistical analysis of large-scale data in their own work. Nei is one of the leading workers in this area. He and Kumar have developed a computer program called MEGA, which has been sold for about $20 to over 1900 users. For the book, the authors are thoroughly revising MEGA and will make it available via FTP. The book also included analysis using the other most popular programs for phylogenetic studies, including PAUP, PHYLIP, MOLPHY, and PAML.
In Search of a Theory of Aphasia Therapy
Authors: Basso Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Purpose of this Chapter is to propose a working model of a theory of aphasia therapy. However, I will argue that, for the time being, a theory of aphasia rehabilitation that can explain known facts and predict new ones is beyond our reach, and a conscious effort to collect meaningful and organized data is a necessary prerequisite. To define the word theory is not easy. A theory comprises the general principles of a science, a system of ideas explaining something; it should account for the existing data and predict outcomes that have not yet been tested. A theory gains support as the predictions made are confirmed and it loses support when its predictions are not confirmed, making it necessary to revise the theory or develop a new one. Aphasia therapy has not progressed sufficiently to support the development of a fully articulated theory of aphasia rehabilitation. Mitchum et al. (2000), for instance, write, “In our view, it is premature to attempt to propose a theory of therapy, especially in light of the limited detail presented in the models of language processing that are available” (p. 312). However, merely collecting data and refining models of language processing will not lead to the foundation of a theory. Empirical data and detailed models are of assistance in formulating a theory, but an important body of empirical data and sufficiently detailed models (at least for single-word processing) are already available.
Severe Aphasia and Pragmatics
Authors: Basso Anna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thus far the Level of Pragmatics has been neglected. The modern use of the term pragmatics can be traced back to Charles Morris (1938) and his syntax-semantics-pragmatics trichotomy. tax refers to the study of the relations among signs, semantics to the study of the relations between signs and the objects they refer to, and pragmatics to the study of the relations between signs and their users.
Constitutional Adjudication: Law and Politics
Authors: Perry Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I left a question hanging at the end of chapter 6: With respect to which indeterminate constitutional directives regarding rights or liberties, if any, does the minimalist approach to the specification of constitutional indeterminacy make sense? In chapter 9, in partial response to that question, I suggested that although the minimalist approach to the specification of the reasonableness directive represented, or arguably represented, by section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment makes good sense, the minimalist approach to the specification of the antidiscrimination directive of section I is ill advised: The proper question for the Court is not whether, depending on where one stands in the religiously and morally pluralistic American political community, one can reasonably conclude that this or that trait is relevant to a person’s status or worth as a human being, but whether the trait is, in the Court’s own view, relevant.
The Interaction of Passive, Causative, and “Restructuring” in Romance
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Aissen and Perlmutter (1983:390ff) observed, in “clause reduction” contexts the object of the embedded verb should quite generally become the subject of the matrix verb when the latter is passivized. This is indeed the case in Spanish, with such verbs as terminar and acabar ‘finish’ (cf. (1) and (2), their (P32) and (P33)), but is, unexpectedly, not possible with the majority of”clause reduction” triggers (see, for example, (3) and (4), their (P36) and (P37)): This is all the more surprising as the embedded object has no difficulty in becoming the matrix subject in the corresponding “se-passives.”
Enclitic Subject Pronouns in the Romance Languages
Authors: Salvi Giampaolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the basis of these and other syntactic facts, he claims that in French, subject pronouns are phonological clitics: in the syntax they occur in subject position and are therefore in complementary distribution with lexical subjects (cf. (2b,c)); when lexical and pronominal subjects apparently co-occur, as in (2a), the lexical subject is in reality left dislocated, and only the pronoun occupies the subject position. Thus, in the case of DPs that cannot be left dislocated (e.g., some negative quantifiers), the co-occurrence of lexical and pronominal subject is barred (cf. (2d,e)). Furthermore, Rizzi claims that in the Northern Italian dialects considered here, the subject pronouns are syntactic clitics: they are generated as part of Inflection and can freely co-occur with a lexical subject in subject position (cf. (1 a,d)); as part of the verbal inflection, their expression is obligatory (lb,e), but they represent a strong agreement type, so the subject position may remain unfilled (lc).
Understanding the Lake-Groundwater System: Just Follow the Water
Authors: Webster Katherine E , Bowser Carl J , Anderson Mary P , Lenters John D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The availability, quality, and flux of water within and among compartments of the hydrologic system shape lake ecosystems. The hydrologic template for northern Wisconsin was set about 10,000 years ago when the glaciers retreated and left behind a thick layer of glacial drift dotted with kettle lakes, the remnants of ice blocks. The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) lakes in northern Wisconsin are among the thousands that make up one of the densest lake districts in the world; water covers 12% of the land surface in the Northern Highlands (Fig. 2.1). A striking feature of this population of lakes is the rarity of stream connections and the apparent hydrologic isolation of many lakes. In reality, this surface perspective hides a second legacy of the glaciers, that is, the conductive sands deposited so many years ago that form the matrix for saturated groundwater flow that links lakes across the landscape. Despite their surficial abundance, these kettle lakes in northern Wisconsin constitute less than 5% of the total water moving through the lake-groundwater system. These lakes are but a small, visible outcrop of the larger volume of water that moves through the landscape. Groundwater is the dominant flowpath that links lakes and that has provided a central organizing theme for understanding long-term change and temporal behavior of the multitude of lakes in the region.
Making Sense of the Landscape: Geomorphic Legacies and the Landscape Position of Lakes
Authors: Kratz Timothy K , Webster Katherine E , Riera Joan L , Lewis David B , Pollard Amina I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At first thought, one might expect that lakes within a lake district, such as the Northern Highlands Lake District, would be relatively similar to one another. These lakes were formed by the same processes, share a similar geologic setting, have access to the same regional species pool, and experience nearly identical climate and weather. Yet, our experience suggests that lakes that are within a few hundred meters of each other can differ dramatically, not only in average values of individual variables but also in the dynamics of these variables. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to these differences provides insight into the relative importance of the various processes influencing lake characteristics and dynamics. In this chapter, we explore how landscape-level processes lead to predictable spatial patterns in some lake characteristics. In short, we try to understand how location in the landscape provides a basis for predicting general relationships among lakes. We attempt to make sense of the landscape.
Lakes as Islands: Biodiversity, Invasion, and Extinction
Authors: Arnott Shelley E , Magnuson John J , Dodson Stanley I , Colby Alison C C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lakes are like islands (Fig. 4.1), that is, they can be thought of as islands of water surrounded by large areas of inhospitable land (Barbour and Brown 1974, Keddy 1976, Magnuson 1976). Because of the island nature of lakes, theories that have been developed for islands and island-like habitats may also apply to lakes (MacArthur and Wilson 1967, Gilpin and Hanski 1991, Gotelli and Kelley 1993). Given the relative isolation of islands, these theories emphasize the importance of regional population processes, suggesting that the number of species that occupy a habitat is a function of processes that control immigration as well as extinction of local populations. On the basis of these theories, we expect species composition in lake-islands to be dynamic in nature, that is, the species present at any given time will be influenced by the immigration of new species and the extinction of some species previously established in the lake.
Generalization from Intersite Research
Authors: Riera Joan L , Kratz Timothy K , Magnuson John J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A hallmark of the Lter network is that it provides the data, the expertise, and the infrastructure to encourage scientists studying diverse ecosystems to seek ecological principles. In attempting to understand similarities and differences among disparate ecosystems (forests, grasslands, deserts, lakes, estuaries, and so on), we are led to ask new and unorthodox questions. Given the scope of LTER data sets, these questions necessarily place emphasis on temporal and spatial variability, address issues of scale, and are informed by nonequilibrium concepts. If we ask the right questions, the reward is ecological synthesis through greater generality, greater integration, and new levels of understanding. The challenges are to transgress disciplinary boundaries, migrate concepts and theories, and compare patterns and trends associated with disparate ecosystems and landscapes (Allen and Hoekstra 1992, Picket et al. 1994).
Breaking the Data Barrier: Research Facilitation through Information Management
Authors: Benson Barbara J , Hanson Paul C , Chipman Jonathan W , Bowser Carl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Complex questions, interdisciplinary collaboration, analyses over larger spatial and temporal scales, and pressing issues for policy makers have generated a need for sophisticated information management for ecological research projects. The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program funded by the National Science Foundation represents a paradigm shift for information management (Fig. 13.1). Under the old practices, a scientist’s data might reside in poorly documented files in paper or electronic form that often would become unusable upon his or her death or departure. The magnitude of effort required to assemble data sets such as these across investigators, disciplines, and scales often has meant that access to the data was, and in many cases still is, a major barrier to synthetic research. Under the LTER paradigm, information management has been an integral part of the research process. This shift in the importance of information management was driven by the scope of the research and by the recognition that LTER data would be an invaluable resource for scientists in the future if the data were managed well. Significant advances in computer and information technology accelerated this shift. The network of LTER information managers has been playing a central role in defining for the ecological community what constitutes good information management (Ingersoll et al. 1997, Michener et al. 1998, Michener and Brunt 2000).
The Scientist as Magician
Authors: ClerkMaxwell James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“There are three ways of learning props [propositions]—the heart, the head, and the fingers; of these the fingers is the thing for examinations, but it requires constant thought. Nevertheless the fingers have fully better retention of methods than the heart has. The head method requires about a mustard seed of thought, which, of course, is expensive, but then it takes away all anxiety. The heart method is full of anxiety, but dispenses with the thought, and the finger method requires great labor and constant practice, but dispenses with thought and anxiety together.” This is James Clerk Maxwell offering advice, characteristically concise, cryptic, and profound, to his young cousin Charles Cay. We can translate by identifying the fingers as memory and technique, the head as reason, and the heart as intuition.
Physics and Friendships
Authors: Meitner Lise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So far, we have met twenty-two of the great physicists. Have you wondered how entertaining it would be to spend a few hours with one of them in casual conversation? Might Newton be too neurotic to engage in a satisfying conversation? Might Einstein be too detached? Heisenberg too formal? Rutherford too loud? Faraday too busy? Maxwell too ironic? Boltzmann too distracted? Schro¨ dinger too self centered? About our next subject, Lise Meitner, you would have no such reservations. An evening spent with her would be pleasant and stimulating. She was good company.
Beyond the Galaxy
Authors: Hubble Edwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edwin Hubble was a man with grand aspirations, and to a remarkable degree he attained his goals. As a pioneer in the observation of realms lying beyond our galaxy, he became the preeminent astronomer of his time, and indeed of the twentieth century. His astronomical observations gave us the first glimpse of our modern cosmology based on a universe whose space is expanding. He married into a wealthy southern California family, and counted among his friends many from the California intellectual elite.
Introduction
Authors: Deutsch Clayton V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Geostatistical tools are being increasingly used for the modeling of petroleum reiservoirs and yet the theoretical descriptions of those tools, case studies, and tradecraft details are widely dispersed in a variety of technical journals, books, and software not all related to petroleum geostatistics. This work aims at collecting that dispersed information into a handbook for production geologists, reservoir geophysicists, and reservoir engineers involved in building and using numerical reservoir models.
Cell-Based Facies Modeling
Authors: Deutsch Clayton V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Facies are often important in reservoir modeling because the petrophysical properties of interest are highly correlated with facies type. Knowledge of facies constrains the range of variability in porosity and permeability. More­ over, saturation functions depend on the facies even when the distributions of porosity and permeability do not. This chapter presents cell-based approaches to modeling facies.