bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding behavior and life-history parameters of Therioaphis trifolii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on 2 alfalfa cultivars
Authors: Song Xianmei , Wang Xinpu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, is a link connecting crop production and animal husbandry and plays a dominant role in the development of the livestock sector. The productivity of alfalfa is adversely affected by aphids’ feeding damage and their capacity to transmit viral plant pathogens. To increase alfalfa forage yield, it is imperative to control pest insects and use resistant varieties. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of M. sativa resistance to aphids by examining changes in the physiology, feeding behavior, and life history of the pests. The leaves of Gannong No. 5 (HA-3, aphid-resistant cultivar) had denser, longer trichome and thicker cortical parenchyma cell, and greater xylem thicknesses than those of Hunter River (Hu, aphid-susceptible cultivar). Nonprobing behaviors suggested that the spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis trifolii, became more active in searching for suitable feeding sites on HA-3 than on Hu plants. Additionally, T. trifolii showed shorter durations for salivating into sieve elements and ingesting phloem sap on HA-3 plants. Life-table analysis showed that T. trifolii on HA-3 had longer developmental duration, higher mortality rate, and lower fecundity, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and gross reproduction rate values than that on Hu plants. Moreover, relative fitness was significantly reduced in T. trifolii on HA-3 plants. The results of this study provided a basis for developing better control strategies for T. trifolii and studying the mechanisms of alfalfa resistance to aphids.
Malarial Encounters and Shifting Racial Recruitment Strategies by the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast, 1828-1849
Authors: Mohr Adam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the early- to mid-nineteenth century, European mortality rates in West Africa were the highest in the world. Mortality estimates included nine missionaries sent from the Basel Mission (established in what is now Switzerland) to the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana), eight of whom died between 1828 and 1840, mostly from “fevers.” In response to high mortality rates, the Basel Mission recruited several Afro-West Indians to work as Christian missionaries in the Gold Coast, mostly based on the presumption that individuals of African descent would better survive the environment. The decision to recruit Afro-West Indians to evangelize on the Gold Coast seemed to the mission to be a rational decision, one not in need of further justification or an overarching theory of race, environment, and disease. Surprisingly, the Basel Mission did not justify this position Biblically either. Once arrived, the West Indian Christian missionaries mostly lived in the Akwapem hills above Accra at an elevation that would have provided some protection against malaria; subsequently, their mortality rates were significantly lower than the European missionaries. After quinine came to be used as a prophylactic against malaria after 1850, thus lowering European missionary mortality rates, no more Afro-West Indians were recruited by the Basel Mission.
Removal of phase residues in electron holography
Authors: Takahashi Yoshio , Akashi Tetsuya , Tanigaki Toshiaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Electron holography provides quantitative phase information regarding the electromagnetic fields and the morphology of micro- to nano-scale samples. A phase image reconstructed numerically from an electron hologram sometimes includes phase residues, i.e. origins of unremovable phase discontinuities, which make it much more difficult to quantitatively analyze local phase values. We developed a method to remove the residues in a phase image by a combination of patching local areas of a hologram and denoising based on machine learning. The small patches for a hologram, which were generated using the spatial frequency information of the own fringe patterns, were pasted at each residue point by an algorithm based on sparse modeling. After successive phase reconstruction, the phase components with no dependency on the vicinity were filtered out by Gaussian process regression. We determined that the phase discontinuities that appeared around phase residues were removed and the phase distributions of an atomic resolution phase image of a Pt nanoparticle were sufficiently restored.
“Hemispheric pilocytic astrocytoma” revisited: A comprehensive clinicopathological and molecular series emphasizing their overlap with other glioneuronal tumors
Authors: Mariet Cassandra , Grill Jacques , Ajlil Yassine , Castel David , Dangouloff-Ros Volodia , Boddaert Nathalie , Meurgey Alexandra , Pissaloux Daniel , Appay Romain , Saffroy Raphaël , Puget Stéphanie , Blauwblomme Thomas , Beccaria Kévin , Hasty Lauren , Rigau Valérie , Roujeau Thomas , Aline-Fardin Aude , Chrétien Fabrice , Métais Alice , Varlet Pascale , Tauziède-Espariat Arnault 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) typically exhibit distinct clinical, radiological, histopathological, and genetic features. DNA-methylation profiling distinguishes PA according to their location (infratentorial, midline, hemispheric, or spinal). In the hemispheric location, distinguishing PA from glioneuronal tumors remains a common diagnostic challenge for neuropathologists. Furthermore, the current version of the DKFZ classifier seems to have difficulty separating them from gangliogliomas. In this study, after central radiological review, we identified a histopathologically defined set of PA (histPA, n = 11) and a cohort of DNA-methylation defined PA (mcPA, n = 11). Nine out of the 11 histPA matched the methylation class of hemispheric PA, whereas 2 cases were classified at the end of the study as dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors. Similarly, the mcPA cohort contained tumors mainly classified as PA (7/11), but 4 cases were classified as glioneuronal. The analysis of the 16 tumors with an integrated diagnosis of PA revealed that they affect mainly children with a wide spectrum of radiological, histopathological (i.e. a predominantly diffuse growth pattern), and genetic characteristics (large range of mitogen-activated protein kinase alterations). Based on these results, we consider hemispheric PA to be different from their counterparts in other locations and to overlap with other glioneuronal tumors, reinforcing the necessity of interpreting all data to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
Benefit–Risk Assessment of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Children Aged 6 Months to 4 Years in the Omicron Era
Authors: Kitano Taito , Salmon Daniel A , Dudley Matthew Z , Thompson David A , Engineer Lilly 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
There is no risk and benefit assessment of COVID-19 vaccination for children younger than 5 years using a single health outcomes scale. The objective of this study is to compare the expected risk and benefits of the mRNA primary series of COVID-19 vaccines for children aged 6 months to 4 years in the United States using a single health outcome scale in the Omicron era.

Methods
The expected benefits and risks of the primary two-dose series of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for children aged 6 months to 4 years were stratified by sex, the presence of underlying medical conditions, the presence of infection-induced immunity, and the type of mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). A scoping literature review was conducted to identify the indicators in the decision tree model. The benefit–risk ratio was the outcome of interest.

Results
The benefit–risk ratios ranged from 200.4 in BNT162b2 for males aged 6–11 months with underlying medical conditions and without infection-induced immunity to 3.2 in mRNA-1273 for females aged 1–4 years without underlying medical conditions and with infection-induced immunity.

Conclusions
The expected benefit of receiving the primary series of mRNA vaccines outweighed the risk among children ages 6 months to 4 years regardless of sex, presence of underlying medical conditions, presence of infection-induced immunity, or type of mRNA vaccines. However, the continuous monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemiology as well as vaccine effectiveness and safety is important.
Viability of the rectus femoris muscle flap for groin wound coverage after ligation of proximal inflow
Authors: Julian Olivia , Wilcox Kailyn , Sharma Davek , Lamb Kathleen , Luo Robert , Zheng Hong , Sooppan Renganaden , Behnam Amir 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lower extremity revascularization via groin incisions can be complicated by wound dehiscence associated with infection, seroma and femoral vessel exposure. This may require additional surgical debridement and coverage of vascular structures and grafts. The pedicled rectus femoris muscle flap (RFF) has both bulk and a large arc of rotation, making it useful for reconstruction. Its main pedicle is the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (DLFCA), a branch of the profunda femoris artery. One could anticipate that ligation of more proximal vasculature could lead to ischemia of the RFF. We present two patients who each underwent vascular surgery involving the common femoral artery and subsequent reconstruction utilizing a pedicled RFF. Both patients then required additional vascular procedures involving the ligation of inflow vessels proximal to the DLFCA. The flaps remained viable, demonstrating the rich collateralization of blood supply that occurs in vascular disease patients.
Olecranon fossa osteoid osteoma excision through arthroscopy: surgical technique
Authors: Grezda Kushtrim , Lama Arber , Kusari Dren , Hajdari Qendrim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the elbow joint, occurrences of intra-articular osteoid osteoma are uncommon. We detail the case of a 21-year-old male who experienced pain, inflammation, and a restricted ability to move his elbow. For a few months, the diagnoses was missed and the patient was treated for idiopathic synovitis. After a contrast MRI, the tumor was revealed. During an arthroscopic examination of the elbow, a distinct red lesion was observed after the removal of the pale reactive bone in the olecranon cavity. This was subsequently removed in its entirety with the aid of a specialized bone tool. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Remarkably, the individual reported alleviation from the symptoms just a day following the operation and regained full range of motion 5 weeks after the surgery. This case underscores the efficacy of arthroscopy in addressing intra-articular osteoid osteoma, with a focus on accurately pinpointing the lesion.
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia to trigeminal neuralgia: case report
Authors: Jing Fangkun , Huang Haitao , Li Yanfeng , Zang Peizhuo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a dilated arterial disease with a diameter ˃4.5 mm. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is chronic neuropathic pain. Through the diagnosis and treatment of this case we believe that there is a significant risk associated with the endovascular treatment of VBD. The development of post-operative complications caused some functional impairment to the patient, but the improvement in TN symptoms with this endovascular treatment was unexpected. This treatment procedure was considered to be possibly related to the alteration of the tortuous path of the vessels, changing their course, allowing the displacement of vascular compression in the trigeminal root entry zone, and possibly also altering the hemodynamics of the posterior circulation, improving the progression of ischemia and hypoxia-induced demyelination of the trigeminal nerve. Due to the low incidence of this disease, there are not enough large sample studies for systematic statistical analysis.
Hydrogen recombination continuum as the radiative model for stellar optical flares
Authors: Simões Paulo J A , Araújo Alexandre , Válio Adriana , Fletcher Lyndsay 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The study of stellar flares has increased with new observations from CoRoT, Kepler, and TESS satellites, revealing the broad-band visible emission from these events. Typically, stellar flares have been modelled as 104 K blackbody plasma to obtain estimates of their total energy. In the Sun, white-light flares (WLFs) are much fainter than their stellar counterparts, and normally can only be detected via spatially resolved observations. Identifying the radiation mechanism for the formation of the visible spectrum from solar and stellar flares is crucial to understand the energy transfer processes during these events, but spectral data for WLFs are relatively rare, and insufficient to remove the ambiguity of their origin: photospheric blackbody radiation and/or Paschen continuum from hydrogen recombination in the chromosphere. We employed an analytical solution for the recombination continuum of hydrogen instead of the typically assumed 104 K blackbody spectrum to study the energy of stellar flares and infer their fractional area coverage. We investigated 37 events from Kepler-411 and five events from Kepler-396, using both radiation mechanisms. We find that estimates for the total flare energy from the H recombination spectrum are about an order of magnitude lower than the values obtained from the blackbody radiation. Given the known energy transfer processes in flares, we argue that the former is a physically more plausible model than the latter to explain the origin of the broad-band optical emission from flares.
Constraints on dark energy from TDCOSMO & SLACS lenses
Authors: Hogg Natalie B 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Problems with the cosmological constant model of dark energy motivate the investigation of alternative scenarios. I make the first measurement of the dark energy equation of state using the hierarchical strong lensing time delay likelihood provided by TDCOSMO. I find that the combination of seven TDCOSMO lenses and 33 SLACS lenses is only able to provide a weak constraint on the dark energy equation of state, w &lt; −1.75 at 68 per cent confidence, which nevertheless implies the presence of a phantom dark energy component. When the strong lensing time delay data is combined with a collection of cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation and Type Ia supernova data, I find that the equation of state is w = −1.025 ± 0.029.
Combining cisplatin and a STING agonist into one molecule for metalloimmunotherapy of cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuren , Song Dongfan , Yu Wenhao , Li Ji , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Yachao , Zhao Zihan , Xue Qi , Zhao Jing , Li Jie P , Guo Zijian 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Mounting evidence suggests that strategies combining DNA-damaging agents and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are promising cancer therapeutic regimens because they can amplify STING activation and remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, a single molecular entity comprising both agents has not yet been developed. Herein, we designed two PtIV-MSA-2 conjugates (I and II) containing the DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin and the innate immune-activating STING agonist MSA-2; these conjugates showed great potential as multispecific small-molecule drugs against pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic studies revealed that conjugate I upregulated the expression of transcripts associated with innate immunity and metabolism in cancer cells, significantly differing from cisplatin and MSA-2. An analysis of the tumor microenvironment demonstrated that conjugate I could enhance the infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells into tumors and promote the activation of T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells in tumor tissues. These findings indicated that conjugate I, which was created by incorporating a Pt chemotherapeutic drug and STING agonist into one molecule, is a promising and potent anticancer drug candidate, opening new avenues for small-molecule-based cancer metalloimmunotherapy.
Bayesian brain computing and the free-energy principle: an interview with Karl Friston
Authors: Lu Wenlian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The free-energy principle entails the Bayesian brain hypothesis that can be implemented by many schemes considered in this field. The combination of multimodal brain imaging and free-energy minimization has shown promise in unraveling complex brain dynamics and understanding the interactions among distinct brain regions. The Bayesian mechanics of brain computing gives a unique route to understanding authentic (neuromimetic) intelligence and, more importantly, points towards the development of brain-inspired intelligence.
NSR spoke to a leading theoretical neuroscientist and authority on brain imaging—Karl Friston, the inventor of statistical parametric mapping, voxel-based morphometry and dynamic causal modeling. Friston is also known for his contributions to theoretical biology in the form of the free-energy principle and applications such as active inference. Friston is currently the Scientific Director of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Professor of Neuroscience at Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London and Honorary Consultant at The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK.
Stem Cell Transplant in Immune-deficiency–associated Vaccine-derived Poliovirus
Authors: Ranchod Heena , Howard Wayne , Roux Adele , van Zyl Walda , Ekermans Pieter , van den Berg Sylvia , Seakamela Lerato , Makua Koketso , Yousif Mukhlid , Sibiya Rosinah , Du Plessis Heleen , Phalane Emmanuel , McCarthy Kerrigan , Moonsamy Shelina , Reynders David , Hincks Jeffrey , Suchard Melinda S , du Plessis Nicolette M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Patients with severe primary immunodeficiency are at risk for complications from live-attenuated vaccines. Here, we report a case of a vaccine-associated paralytic polio and Bacille Calmette-Guérin disease in a 6-month-old girl with severe combined immunodeficiency resulting from homozygous recombinant activating gene 1 deficiency. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and oral pocapavir for poliovirus, and antimycobacterial therapy for regional Bacille Calmette-Guérin disease, allowing stem cell transplant. Following transplantation, poliovirus type 3 with 13 mutations was detected from cerebrospinal fluid but not from stool, indicating ongoing viral evolution in the central nervous system despite pocapavir treatment. Clinical improvement and immune reconstitution allowed the patient to be successfully discharged with no further detection of poliovirus.
The Motet in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe book ranges widely over French, English and Italian motets, mostly between the 1310s and the 1420s. About half the material is previously unpublished, the remaining chapters have been revised to varying degrees from previous publications and are now organised into Parts devoted to compositional techniques, Fauvel and Vitry, Machaut, the musician motets, English motets, Italian motets, music for popes and courts. Transcriptions of entire motets complement the musical analyses; many, too large in format for the printed book, are downloadable from the companion website. Some use a form of original notation, counted in original note values (usually the breve); others are in modern notation, so labelled, and measured in bars. Chapters vary in their technical demands, allowing readers to select or skip as appropriate. The five musician motets of Part IV (Chs. 15–21) praise over sixty musicians and range over many decades, each playing off its predecessors with citation, allusion and modelling. Motets of this period are individual conceptions, virtuosic creations of multi-layered words and music as tightly constructed as Chinese puzzles. Many chapters are devoted to individual motets, drawing on a multitude of new analytic directions and giving close attention to the detailed fit and juxtapositions of words and music. Verbal texts borrow musical techniques of repetition and recapitulation, words which may then be underlined musically by melodic or rhythmic ‘leitmotives’. Alliteration and onomatopoeia abound, and there is a wider range of ingenious word painting than has usually been recognised, including puns on number and structural joins. Segments of chant are often chosen for their musical characteristics (number, symmetries, cadencing opportunities, melodic qualities) as well as their textual suitability to the pre-compositional materia.
Introduction
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Introduction addresses problems of motet definition and classification, and surveys the seven Parts of the book. The chapters of Part I deal with theoretical issues; those of Part II deal with motets interpolated in the Roman deFauvel and some by Philippe de Vitry. Part III is devoted to Machaut, Part IV to a group of fourteenth-century musician motets, Part V deals with English motets, Part VI with Italian, and then the final Part VII with motets for Popes, motets listed in Trém, and finally Cyprus. The Introduction then summarises some of the new ways of understanding motets that the author has explored over many years and which are a common concern through the individual studies brought together here. Particular stress is laid throughout on the relationship between words and music as equal partners in the construction of these highly individual compositions, and the different ways in which their union explores meaning, including pictorially, symbolically, with onomatopoeia, alliteration or assonance, citation and allusion, and with structural and local puns. The borrowed chant tenors may be chosen for their symbolism as well as their musical properties, which may also permeate the upper parts. Finally, it addresses the question of audience: who were motets for? The primary audience was the performers themselves, who were better placed to appreciate the subtleties from inside than an unprepared listener.
Fauvel and Marigny: Which Came First?
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter expounds the ‘forwards’ fable narrative of the hybrid horse–man Fauvel in the famous interpolated copy of the Roman de Fauvel (BnF fr. 146), and the simultaneous ‘backwards’ historical narrative in the same manuscript of the fall from power of Fauvel’s embodiment in the corrupt counsellor Enguerrand de Marigny. The three Marigny motets (discussed and transcribed in Chapters 4 and 5, which expand on their interrelationships and Ovidian quotations) are carefully crafted to serve these bi-directional narratives around the pivotal figure of Fortuna and her wheels, and by reversals and inversions. They were evidently composed together, after the events to which they refer, thus revising their dating to after 1317, but probably by 1320. Other Fauvel motets with historical reference are also listed.
Related Manuscripts, Related Motets; Vitry
Authors: Bent Margaret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSome Fauvel motets are also present in the later manuscripts Paris571 and the rotulus Br19606, with added minim stems. Some, including Floret/Florens (Ch. 6) and Trahunt in precipitia/An diex/Displicebat, are in what may be their original form, adapted in Fauvel. These adaptations are reviewed, along with other later copies of Fauvel motets and their notation, and the arguments that have been put forward for and against Vitry’s authorship of the three Marigny motets in Fauvel (Chs. 4 and 5), Floret (Ch. 6) and Orbis orbatus, which shares its opening with Aman novi. Vitry’s possible further role in hitherto unattributed Fauvel adaptations is suggested.