bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Face-selective Activation in a Congenital Prosopagnosic Subject
Authors: Hasson Uri , Avidan Galia , Deouell Leon Y. , Bentin Shlomo , Malach Rafael 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Congenital prosopagnosia is a severe impairment in face identification manifested from early childhood in the absence of any evident brain lesion. In this study, we used fMRI to compare the brain activity elicited by faces in a congenital prosopagnosic subject (YT) relative to a control group of 12 subjects in an attempt to shed more light on the nature of the brain mechanisms subserving face identification. The face-related activation pattern of YT in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex was similar to that observed in the control group on several parameters: anatomical location, activation profiles, and hemispheric laterality. In addition, using a modified vase – face illusion, we found that YT's brain activity in the face-related regions manifested global grouping processes. However, subtle differences in the degree of selectivity between objects and faces were observed in the lateral occipital cortex. These data suggest that face-related activation in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, although necessary, might not be sufficient by itself for normal face identification.
The role of thiol intermediates in 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole accelerated sulfur vulcanization of rubber model compounds
Authors: Van Der Horst M. , Hendrikse K. G. , Woolard C. D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe model compound, 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene (TME), was vulcanized using 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and sulfur. MBT was not consumed during the vulcanization reaction. The resultant crosslink products were bis(alkenyl) in nature. 2,3‐Dimethyl‐2‐buten‐1‐thiol (TME‐SH) was identified as being present in the vulcanization mixture by a postcolumn derivatization technique. The appearance of thiol was coincident with crosslinking. Polysulfanes (H2Sn) were formed on crosslinking. Studies of the reaction of TME‐SH and sulfur indicated a rapid reaction to form crosslink products and polysulfanes. No monosulfidic crosslink species were formed in these reactions. Closer investigation revealed the presence of small quantities of what appeared to be highly reactive polysulfidic thiols. This is the first time that such species have been identified in vulcanization systems. Consequently, MBT‐accelerated vulcanization of TME is proposed to occur via the reaction of MBT and S8 to form polysulfidic MBT, which then reacts with TME to form polysulfidic thiols. These thiols then rapidly react via a metathesis reaction pathway to provide crosslink products and polysulfanes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 47–54, 2003
Solid‐state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. Modeling study of the reaction kinetics and properties
Authors: Kim T. Y. , Jabarin S. A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractComprehensive modeling studies were used to describe the kinetics of the solid‐state polymerization (SSP) of poly(ethylene terephthalate). The validity of the model was confirmed by the successful fitting of the experimental results for molecular weight increases, at temperatures ranging from 180 to 230°C and for times up to 12 h, with one fitting parameter. The changes in the concentrations for hydroxyl end groups ([OH]), carboxyl end groups ([COOH]), vinyl end groups, and terephthalic acid (TPA) were simulated with the model. During SSP, the contents of not only hydroxyl and carboxyl end groups but also vinyl ester end groups and TPA monomer were predicted to decrease as a function of the SSP time and temperature. The effects of the pellet size and the molar ratio of carboxyl end groups to hydroxyl end groups were also calculated. At an end‐group molar ratio ([COOH]/[OH]) of around 0.7, a maximum SSP rate was obtained. As the [COOH]/[OH] ratio increased, the contents of the vinyl end groups and TPA monomer were predicted to increase. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 213–227, 2003
Freisetzung gentechnisch veränderter Bakterien: Leuchtmarkierte Zellen von Sinorhizobium melilotiim Boden
Authors: Selbitschka Werner , Keller Mathias , Tebbe Christoph C. , Pühler Alfred 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIm Rahmen des bislang einzigen Freilandexperiments mit gentechnisch veränderten Bakterien in Deutschland wurde die Entwicklung leuchtmarkierter Rhizobienstämme an zwei Freisetzungsstandorten in Niedersachsen und Bayern über einen Zeitraum von fünf beziehungsweise drei Jahren verfolgt. Als Modellorganismen für die gezielte Freisetzung in die Umwelt wurden Knöllchenbakterien eingesetzt, die in Symbiose mit der Nutzpflanze Luzerne zur biologischen Stickstofffixierung befähigt sind. Damit das Verhalten der Stämme in der Umwelt untersucht werden kann, wurden diese mit dem Leuchtgen des Glühwürmchens versehen, so dass die Stämme bei Anwesenheit des Substrats Luziferin Licht aussenden und damit zweifelsfrei identifiziert werden können. Gleichzeitig diente das Experiment zur Prüfung eines biologischen Eingrenzungskonzepts, das auf der Verwendung eines rekombinationsdefekten „Sicherheitsstammes”︁ basiert. Für beide Standorte wurde gezeigt, dass die freigesetzten Rhizobien nach längerer Zeit von der endogenen Population verdrängt werde. Die biologische Eingrenzung freigesetzter Bakterien durch Verwendung eines rekombinationsdefekten Stammes konnte unter Freilandbedingungen nicht demonstriert werden.
Advances in pig genomics and functional gene discovery
Authors: Rothschild Max F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAdvances in pig gene identification, mapping and functional analysis have continued to make rapid progress. The porcine genetic linkage map now has nearly 3000 loci, including several hundred genes, and is likely to expand considerably in the next few years, with many more genes and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers being added to the map. The physical genetic map is also growing rapidly and has over 3000 genes and markers. Several recent quantitative trait loci (QTL) scans and candidate gene analyses have identified important chromosomal regions and individual genes associated with traits of economic interest. The commercial pig industry is actively using this information and traditional performance information to improve pig production by marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Research to study the co‐expression of thousands of genes is now advancing and methods to combine these approaches to aid in gene discovery are under way. The pig's role in xenotransplantation and biomedical research makes the study of its genome important for the study of human disease. This review will briefly describe advances made, directions for future research and the implications for both the pig industry and human health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specialized hidden Markov model databases for microbial genomics
Authors: Gollery Martin 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAs hidden Markov models (HMMs) become increasingly more important in the analysis of biological sequences, so too have databases of HMMs expanded in size, number and importance. While the standard paradigm a short while ago was the analysis of one or a few sequences at a time, it has now become standard procedure to submit an entire microbial genome. In the future, it will be common to submit large groups of completed genomes to run simultaneously against a dozen public databases and any number of internally developed targets. This paper looks at some of the readily available HMM (or HMM‐like) algorithms and several publicly available HMM databases, and outlines methods by which the reader may develop custom HMM targets. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mollaret's meningitis: Cytopathologic analysis of fourteen cases
Authors: Chan Theresa Y. , Parwani Anil V. , Levi Angelique Wolf , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMollaret's meningitis (MM) is a rare disease of benign nature characterized by recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination remains the sole diagnostic modality. Eighteen CSF samples from 14 patients were studied along with the clinical data. Specimens were prepared by cytocentrifugation and Millipore filtration and were stained with Diff‐Quik and Papanicolaou stains. Eight patients were men and six were women, with an age range of 17–74 yr (mean age 37 yr). Most common clinical presentation was recurrent episodes of headaches and photophobia followed by a sustained mild fever lasting 5–7 days. The CSF showed markedly increased cellularity with pleocytosis. The differential count showed predominant monocytosis ranging from 84% to 100% (mean 96). In our series, two patients had herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the CSF. The monocytes were seen predominantly singly, but three cases showed a strong tendency to aggregate in small groups. Phenotypically, these cells had bean‐shaped bilobed nuclei as well as multiple deep nuclear clefts depicting the so‐called “footprint” appearance. In four cases, multiple blunt‐tipped cytoplasmic pseudopods were noted. Degenerated monocytes with the appearance of the so‐called “ghost cells” were noted in one‐half of the cases. Background cells were mostly small mature lymphocytes; however, one‐half of cases showed a significant amount of plasma cells and/or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Lysed blood with hemosiderin‐laden macrophages and numerous leptomeningeal cells were seen in two cases. CSF examination of MM presents a spectrum of cytomorphologic features. When interpreted in light of the appropriate clinical setting. the latter, although nonspecific, provides an accurate diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes various degenerative, inflammatory/infectious, and lymphoproliferative disorders of the central nervous system. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:227–231. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology guidelines for educational notes, disclaimers, and similar comments on reports of cervical cytology specimens
Authors:   Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Practice Guidelines Task Force
Published: April 2003

AbstractControversy exists regarding the need for and appropriate form of notes addended to cervical cytology reports. The Guidelines Task Force of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology reviewed the pertinent literature and formulated a list of suggested guidelines to aid practicing cytopathologists in conforming to the National Cancer Institute Bethesda Workshop's consensus recommendations and to fill the requirements of the College of American Pathologists inspections. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:282–285. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fear of falling and postural control in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Adkin Allan L. , Frank James S. , Jog Mandar S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between fear of falling (FOF) and qualitative and quantitative postural control in Parkinson's disease (PD). Fifty‐eight nondemented PD patients were studied along with age‐matched healthy controls. The degree of FOF was estimated using the Activities‐specific Balance Confidence scale. Qualitative postural control was evaluated using a component of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. Postural control was quantified, using centre of pressure measures obtained from a force plate, for eight standing balance tests of different challenges. The results showed that FOF was more evident for PD patients when compared with healthy individuals of similar age. Furthermore, FOF was significantly associated with a qualitative estimate of postural control in PD; individuals with PD who had a greater degree of posture impairment reported greater FOF. The results also showed that an estimate of FOF may help to explain quantitative postural instability in PD. FOF, when coupled with a qualitative estimate of postural control, was able to explain a greater amount of variation in quantitative balance performance for five of the eight balance tests. When considered independently, the qualitative measure of postural control, in general, could not well predict quantitative balance performance. The greater degree of FOF and its possible association with altered postural control suggests that FOF should be considered as an important, independent risk factor in the assessment and treatment of postural instability in patients with PD. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Dopamine D2 receptor TaqIA and TaqIB polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tan Eng‐King , Tan Yanni , Chai Anthea , Tan Christopher , Shen Hui , Lum Sau‐Ying , Fook‐Cheong Stephanie M.C. , Teoh Mei‐Ling , Yih Yuan , Wong Meng‐Cheong , Zhao Yi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn a case control study, we examined the association of DRD2 Taq1A and Taq1B polymorphisms and risk of PD, and evaluated the strength of linkage disequilibrium of the polymorphisms. The Taq1A and Taq1B polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. There was, however, no significant association of the two polymorphisms with PD. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the diffusion coefficient of phenol in poly(bisphenol A carbonate)
Authors: Shi Chunmei , Roberts George W. , Kiserow Douglas J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFor some polymers, the rate of solid‐state polymerization (SSP) is higher with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the sweep gas than with atmospheric N2. One explanation for this higher rate is that the diffusion coefficient of the condensate molecule is higher in the CO2‐swollen polymer. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the diffusion coefficient of phenol in poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA‐PC) by carrying out SSP of this polymer under diffusion‐limited conditions. Under these conditions, the diffusion coefficient of the condensate molecule could be calculated from the profile of the molecular weight versus time. The phenol diffusivity was determined between 135 and 180 °C in the presence of N2 at about 1 bar and in the presence of scCO2 at about 138, 207, and 345 bar. The diffusion coefficient of phenol was up to 200% higher in scCO2 than in N2, depending on the temperature and CO2 pressure. With both N2 and scCO2, the activation energy for phenol diffusion in BPA‐PC was larger than the activation energy for the reaction between hydroxyl and phenyl end groups that occurred during SSP of BPA‐PC. As a result, the overall SSP reaction shifted from diffusion control at low temperatures toward chemical‐reaction control at high temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1143–1156, 2003
Associating protein activities with their genes: rapid identification of a gene encoding a methylglyoxal reductase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Ching‐Nen , Porubleva Larysa , Shearer Georgia , Svrakic Maja , Holden Lauren G. , Dover James L. , Johnston Mark , Chitnis Parag R. , Kohl Daniel H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMethylglyoxal is associated with a broad spectrum of biological effects, including cytostatic and cytotoxic activities. It is detoxified by the glyoxylase system or by its reduction to lactaldehyde by methylglyoxal reductase. We show that methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH‐dependent) is encoded by GRE2 (YOL151w). We associated this activity with its gene by partially purifying the enzyme and identifying by MALDI–TOF the proteins in candidate bands on SDS–PAGE gels whose relative intensities correlated with specific activity through three purification steps. The candidate proteins were then purified using a glutathione‐S‐transferase tag that was fused to them, and tested for methylglyoxal reductase activity. The advantage of this approach is that only modest protein purification is required. Our approach should be useful for identifying many of the genes that encode the metabolic pathway enzymes that have not been associated with a gene (about 275 in S. cerevisiae, by our estimate). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding and uptake of putative neurotransmitters in mutant mouse cerebellum and cerebellar reaggregat
Authors: Collins Janet M. , Seeds Nicholas W. 
Published: April 2003

Abstractγ‐Amino butyric acid (GABA) appears to be the inhibitory transmitter of various cerebellar interneurons, while glutamate has been suggested as the excitatory transmitter of granule cells. In this study we have determined the developmental profile from day 2 to day 60 for the Naa‐independent (presumably post‐synaptic receptor) binding of [3H]GABA (Kd = 34 nM) and [3H]kainic acid, a glutamate analog (Kd = 53 nM. Both binding activities increase steadily to adult levels with kainic acid achieving this more rapidly. Cerebellar cells (7 day) cultured as reaggregates for 14 days showed an increase in GABA binding and glutamate uptake compared to the starting tissue but did not achieve the levels seen in vivo, while kainic acid binding and GABA uptake remained low. Binding and uptake measurements were performed in neurological mutants. Agranular mutants, weaver, reeler and staggerer demonstrated as expected, marked decreases in total GABA binding and glutamate uptake into synaptosomes, and to a lesser extent GABA uptake. In addition total kainate binding was depressed. In comparison, Purkinje cell degeneration mutants showed only a small decrease in kainic acid binding. These results suggest that kainic acid binding does not identify the post‐synaptic glutamate receptor.
Resistance to barbiturate is changed by developmental alteration of dopamine receptor sensitivity
Authors: Yanai Joseph , Fishman Rachelle H.B. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAdult rats whose dopamine receptor number was reduced via prenatal haloperidol exposure were less resistant than controls to pentobarbital narcosis. This altered resistance was functional (CNS) and not metabolic, as shown by pentobarbital brain levels. These results are consistent with our previous experiments, indicating that changes in the number of dopamine receptors may underlie relative susceptibility to barbiturates.
Sex difference in dendritic development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the rat
Authors: Hammer Ronald P. , Jacobson Carol D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSex differences in the growth and dendritic development of neurons in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area were examined with quantitative Golgi techniques during early postnatal life in rats. Neuronal size and dendritic extent were found to increase more in males than in females during the first 10 postnatal days, while the numbers of primary and terminal dendrites were similar in the two sexes. The onset of greater dendritic growth in males occurs just after the volume of the nucleus begins to exhibit sexual dimorphism, between 24 and 26 days after fertilization. Growth of dendrites in this region may be related to the presence of sex hormones during the critical period of sexual brain differentiation.
Phenylethanolamine‐N‐methyltransferase‐immunoreactive cells in developing rat superior cervical ganglion and the effect of hydrocortisone on their number
Authors: Päivärinta H. , Soinila S. , Eränkö O. , Joh T.H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRats were subcutaneously injected with hydrocortisone acetate. Control rats were similarly injected with saline. PNMT‐immunoreactive cells in the superior cervical ganglia were immunohistochemically demonstrated, and the cell densities (number/mm3) of the PNMT‐immunoreactive cells were counted.PNMT‐immunoreactive cells were detected in ganglia of all age groups of the saline‐treated control rats. With increasing age, there was a tendency to cluster formation. The number of the PNMT immunoreactive cells dramatically increased if hydrocortisone administration was initiated during the first two postnatal weeks. Hydrocortisone also caused appearance of numerous PNMT‐immunoreactive fibres, which were not seen in controls. The cell density of the PNMT‐immunoreactive cells in the hydrocortisone‐treated rats was still increased, although less, if the hydrocortisone injections were started during the third postnatal week, as compared with the saline‐injected control rats of the same age.After discontinuation of the first, early postnatal hydrocortisone treatment on days 2–6, the number of the PNMT‐immunoreactive cells decreased during the following 2 weeks, but a second treatment with hydrocortisone daily for 7 days initiated as late as on postnatal day 63 caused a new significant increase in cell density and the appearance of immunoreactive fibres from them.It is concluded that PNMT‐immunoreactive cells are present in the normal rat superior cervical ganglion during the whole postnatal developmental period. Their number can be increased with hydro‐cortisone, as assessed on the basis of counted cell densities, during the first three postnatal weeks. Early postnatal hydrocortisone treatment preserves some cells in a stage in which they, on second exposure to glucocorticoids, can express PNMT immunoreactivity and increase in cell density.
Neurofilament immunoreactivity in developing rat autonomic and sensory ganglia
Authors: Ayer‐Lelievre C. , Dahl D. , Björklund H. , Seiger Å. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractImmunoreactivity to neurofilament (NF) antiserum appears early in the development of both the central and peripheral nervous systems of the rat fetus. In 10 somite embryos, positive cell bodies are present in the ventromedial part of anterior rhombencephalic and mesencephalic neural tube. From there the appearance of immunoreactivity spreads cranially to the prosencephalic anlage before closure of the anterior neuropore and caudally following the sequence of neural tube closure. Immunoreactivity increases rapidly in axon bundles of central and peripheral systems, but in immature cell bodies of sensory ganglia the NF material only forms a ring around the nucleus. At 16 days of gestation, some cell bodies are progressively loaded with NF‐immunoreactive material as a thick perinuclear network first and then in more excentrically located aggregates. This category of neurons is mainly observed in the distal part of the trigeminal ganglion, in petrous and nodose ganglia and in cervical dorsal root ganglia. In adult ganglia large cell bodies and some small ones present high NF immunoreactivity. In autonomic cell bodies (in superior cervical ganglion and in parasympathetic cranial ganglia) the immunoreactive material only forms a perinuclear ring slowly transformed into a loose perinuciear meshwork at the end of gestation. Intensely reactive nerve fibers are observed in cranial sensory as well as in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and nerves. No positive cell bodies and only a few NF‐immunoreactive nerves are observed in the carotid bodies. The NF immunoreactivity is better visualized on sections of fresh frozen material, treated with acetone, than in fixed specimens.These results are compared to previous observations reported for other species and for developing dorsal root ganglia. This immunostaining may be used to detect differentiation of peripheral sensory and autonomic neurons under experimental conditions. The uneven distribution of NF immunoreactivity in sensory neurons from stage 16 days of gestation as specific for precise subpopulations of neurons is discussed.