bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of self‐reported tooth loss in a representative sample of Norwegian adults
Authors: Haugejorden Ola , Klock Kristin S. , Trovik Tordis A. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the self‐reported 12‐month incidence of tooth loss among Norwegian adults and to assess the association between tooth loss and some predictor variables.Methods: Of a two‐stage nation‐wide, representative random sample (n = 3958), information was obtained from 2682 subjects aged 20–79 years and the response rate was 68%. Telephone or face‐to‐face interviews by interviewers employed by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) of Norway. Information was collected about demographic characteristics, the number of natural teeth present, the number of teeth lost during the last 12 months, and belief in keeping natural teeth for life. The present analyses are based on 2520 persons 20–79 years of age.Results: The proportion of respondents who reported losing one or more teeth was 6.45% (95% confidence limits (CL) = 5.49, 7.41). The participants who reported extractions had lost on average 1.54 (range 1–9) teeth. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a borderline significant effect of the level of education (OR = 0.68, 95% CL = 0.46, 1.00), i.e. the odds of losing one or more teeth during the last 12 months were lower among persons with more than 12 years of education than among persons with less education. The explained variance was 1.9%.Conclusion: The annual incidence rate of tooth loss among Norwegian adults was found to lie within the range reported from other industrialized countries. After controlling for socio‐demographic variables and the number of teeth present, the only borderline significant predictor of the incidence of tooth loss was the level of education.
Evaluation of a dental care program for school beginners in a Paris suburb
Authors: Azogui‐Lévy S. , Lombrail P. , Riordan P. J. , Brodin M. , Baillon‐Javon E. , Pirlet M. C. , Boy‐Lefèvre M. L. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: Dental care for children is available in France, but the method of administration is cumbersome: care is generally provided by private dentists, and parents can claim reimbursement of at least 70% of the costs afterwards. In the Département of Val d'Oise (north of Paris and including some densely populated suburbs), a scheme is in place to provide 100% reimbursement. To encourage participation, schoolchildren are screened by dentists who advise if treatment is needed. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of screening as a stimulus for seeking dental care.Methods: In two towns, 6–7‐year‐old schoolchildren were cluster‐sampled to give 507 participants. At screening, about half of the participants were found to be in need of operative treatment. Questionnaires about demographic and other background factors were sent home. From those needing treatment, 186 (77%) sets of questionnaires were returned. These persons were the analytical basis of the study. Six months after screening, the 186 participants were examined to estimate whether they had sought and received treatment as advised.Results: The majority of the participants came from low socioeconomic and deprived backgrounds. Most of the parents were born in countries outside Europe. Only about one‐quarter of the children advised to seek treatment had actually done so after 6 months. Slightly under half of those who were treated had claimed the reimbursable amount after the treatment. Of the 186 participants needing treatment, 24% had more than 4 dt + DT but 70% of these had not received any care.Conclusion: These findings suggest that even when costs are totally reimbursed, most children in need of care do not receive it; the greater the need of care, the lower the likelihood of getting it. The deprived people and immigrants frequently inhabiting the Parisian suburbs seem to experience cultural, financial, linguistic, and administrative barriers to care, which impede uptake and which must be changed if these children are to enjoy improved dental health.
Perceived oral health: changes over 5 years in one Swedish age‐cohort
Authors: Ståhlnacke Katri , Söderfeldt Björn , Unell Lennart , Halling Arne , Axtelius Björn 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate if a change in the social gradients in perceived oral health occurred over a 5‐year period, 1992–97, using a cohort population from two Swedish counties.Methods: In 1992, a cross‐sectional mail questionnaire was sent to all 50‐year‐old persons in two counties in Sweden, Örebro and Östergötland, and altogether there were 8888 persons. In 1997, the same population was sent a new questionnaire. The cohort, comprising the same respondents from 1992 and 1997, was of 5363 persons. An index of perceived oral health was constructed out of three questionnaire variables: satisfaction with teeth, chewing ability and the number of remaining teeth. This index value was set as a dependent variable in a regression model. Reports of toothache were investigated in a separate logistic regression model.Results: There were obvious social gradients in the perceived oral health index both in 1992 and in 1997. Marital status, foreign birth, education and occupation were all substantially related to the perceived oral health. The change in perceived oral health was analyzed. Almost half of the cohort (47.4%) showed no change at all. Those with increased and those with decreased health were rather evenly distributed on both sides, with 22.0% with better health in 1997 and 30.6% with worse health. Gender and education were related to toothache experience.Conclusion: Changes have been moderate in the perceived oral health in this cohort, despite the rather drastic changes in the remuneration of dental care during this study time. On the other hand, this also means that the social differences remain, despite the official goals of increased equity.
Observer agreement in the grading of oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: D. J Brothwell , D. W Lewis , G Bradley , I Leong , R. C. K Jordan , D Mock , J. L Leake 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: To determine the extent of observer agreement in diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Published studies of OED examiner agreement report relatively low agreement levels; however, these studies were limited by the methodologies employed. Methods: For this study, 64 slides were each independently examined twice by three oral pathologists. Consistency was assessed by determining intra‐ and interexaminer agreement. Conformity was assessed by using the modal diagnosis as a gold standard. Results: The group showed moderate interobserver agreement when grading the presence or absence of OED with a group‐simple kappa (Ks) of 0.51 (95% CI = 0.42–0.61), and substantial agreement when using a 5‐point ordinal scale with a group‐weighted kappa (Kw) of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.64–0.85). The group showed fair to substantial intraexaminer agreement when assessing the presence or absence of OED, with Ks ranging from 0.22 to 0.78, and showing almost a perfect agreement using a 5‐point ordinal scale, with Kw ranging from 0.82–0.96. Conformity with the comparison standard modal diagnosis was almost perfect, with pairwise Kw ranging from 0.81 to 0.92. Conclusion: Overall, there was substantial intra‐ and interobserver consistency and almost perfect conformity in the grading of OED. Appropriate statistical methods are necessary to determine the degree of observer agreement.
Effects of glass ionomer sealants in newly erupted first molars after 5 years: a pilot study
Authors: Taifour Dia , Frencken Jo E. , Van′t Hof Martin A. , Beiruti Nabil , Truin Gert‐Jan 
Published: July 2003

Abstract – Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the caries‐preventive effect of high‐filled glass ionomer sealant in newly erupted first molars in a high‐risk group. This investigation is part of a larger study amongst eight hundred and thirty‐five 6–7‐year‐old Syrian children.Methods: Children that had 1, 2 or 3 just erupted or erupting and at least one unerupted first molar (control) were enrolled in this pilot study. A total of 60 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were 49 children with a total of 83 sealants available for examination at the evaluation year 5.Results: Almost two out of the three sealants (69%) had disappeared between evaluation years 2 and 3. 1.2% (SE = 1.2) of the sealants survived were fully retained and 10.3% (SE = 3.3) of the sealants survived were fully and partially retained at the evaluation year 5. Caries prevalence of the children in the study group at the evaluation year 5 was 55%. The Odds ratio concerning sealed and control group at year 5 was 2.6 with 95% confidence limits of 1.2 and 5.7, implying a relative risk (RR) of 2.1. Unsealed unerupted first molars had 2.1 times higher chance than sealed newly erupted first molars to develop dentinal lesions in this child population after 5 years.Conclusions: It is concluded that sealing newly erupted first molars with high‐filled glass ionomer may be a caries‐preventive measure in high‐risk children. However, a well‐designed clinical trial should be implemented to confirm the initial findings.
Changes in restorative caries treatment in 15‐year‐olds in Oslo, Norway, 1979–1996
Authors: Gimmestad Anne Løvberg , Holst Dorthe , Fylkesnes Knut 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: To examine changing patterns regarding restorative treatment criteria for dental caries.Methods: A representative sample (n = 215) was drawn from all 15‐year‐olds receiving dental treatment in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Oslo, Norway for each of the years 1979, 1989, 1993 and 1996. Information from clinical records and bitewing radiographs on caries treatment was collected. The results presented in this paper pertain to 198, 201, 209 and 208 subjects in each group.Results: The results revealed dramatic changes in the use of restorative treatment criteria. Only 16% of tooth surfaces were treated in 1996 according to the criteria from 1979. The number of sound surfaces was found to have increased by 39% whereas the number of filled surfaces was reduced by 92%. In spite of more stringent criteria for restorative treatment, the number of D4 lesions did not increase.Conclusion: The practice of change in restorative treatment continued during the 17 years of study. Though the number of decayed surfaces appeared to be stable during the period, in reality, there was a reduction in caries occurrence during the first 10‐year period (1979–1989). A conceptual model of dentists' caries‐related treatment decisions outlined by Bader & Shugars may be used to explain parts of the rapid change in the criteria used in the PDS in Oslo.
Application of survival analysis to carious lesion transitions in intervention trials
Authors: Baelum Vibeke , Machiulskiene Vita , Nyvad Bente , Richards Alan , Væth Michael 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of a survival‐time regression model for the analysis of data from two 3‐year trials of the caries‐preventive effect of sugar‐substituted chewing gums and fluoride toothpaste, carried out among 892 Lithuanian children.Methods: A caries onset was defined as a transition from sound to carious and a caries recovery was defined as a transition from carious to sound. The time at risk for each type of transition was calculated. Using an exponential survival‐time regression model, the hazard ratios for the covariates experimental group (control, sugar substitute, fluoride), age, gender, surface type and posteruptive surface age was estimated. This analysis was repeated using two alternative definitions of the caries transitions.Results: The analyses confirmed that caries rates are higher in occlusal surfaces, and that posteruptive surface age influences caries rates. Moreover, it also confirmed that fluoride affects the outcome of ongoing caries activity more than the initiation of caries.Conclusions: Survival‐time analysis of caries transitions allows for the extraction of much more information from caries trials than does the traditional DMF‐based analysis, and traditional DMF incremental values may easily be derived from the models.
Cigarette smoking, snuff use and alcohol drinking: coexisting risk behaviours for oral health in young males
Authors: Wickholm Seppo , Galanti M. Rosaria , Söder Birgitta , Gilljam Hans 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: The use of oral moist snuff (snus) is widespread among Swedish men, but little is known about the use in adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of snuff dipping, smoking and alcohol drinking in a sample (n = 6287) of 9th grade male students participating in a census survey in the Stockholm region.Results: About 20% of the sample reported use of snus, and more than two‐thirds of snus users were also cigarette smokers. Among current nonusers of tobacco (66% of the sample), 14% reported frequent binge drinking, in contrast to 49% among current exclusive cigarette smokers, 60% among exclusive snus users and 69% among users of both cigarettes and snus. The estimated mean annual consumption of alcohol was 5–10 times higher among tobacco users than among nonusers, with users of snus consuming more alcohol than smokers. Compared to non‐ or minimal drinkers, heavy alcohol drinkers had a disproportionately higher risk to report snus use, after adjustment for smoking behaviour (OR = 16.7, 95% CI 12.9–21.7). When the analysis was restricted to users of only one type of tobacco, heavy drinkers were twice as likely to report snus, rather than cigarette, use.Conclusions: Both tobacco use and alcohol drinking have been independently associated with a variety of pathological oral conditions in adults. These behaviours coexist in early adolescence. Their effect on oral health need to be investigated in prospective studies and should be of concern to the dental professionals.
Effect of fluoridated milk on caries in primary teeth: 21‐month results
Authors: Bian Jin Y. , Wang Wen H. , Wang Wei J. , Rong Wen S. , Lo Edward C. M. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract  Objectives: Use of fluoridated milk has been shown to be a safe and effective method to prevent caries in permanent teeth in children. However, studies on its effectiveness on caries prevention in the primary teeth are scarce. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of milk fluoridation on caries development in young Chinese children.Methods: This was a community‐based demonstration study carried out in Beijing, China. All children in three selected kindergartens were invited to participate. Each participant consumed 200 ml of fluoridated milk (concentration 2.5 mg F− per litre) per day from Monday to Friday in the kindergarten, and was given two packs of fluoridated milk (250 ml) for consumption at home on Saturday and Sunday every week. Children from a similar background, but without access to fluoridated milk, attending two other kindergartens, were used as the control.Results: There were 534 children (mean age 54 ± 4 months) and 305 children (mean age 53 ± 4 months) in the test and control groups, respectively, at baseline. After 21 months, 417 and 247 children in the test and control groups, respectively, remained in the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline mean dmft scores between the two groups (3.2 vs. 3.5, P = 0.312). After 21 months, the mean net caries increment was 0.4 dmft for the test group and 1.3 dmft for the control group (t‐test, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The consumption of fluoridated milk by the kindergarten children in Beijing was an effective measure in preventing caries in the primary teeth.
Validation of an oral health quality of life index (GOHAI) in France
Authors: Tubert‐Jeannin S. , Riordan P. J. , Morel‐Papernot A. , Porcheray S. , Saby‐Collet S. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract Oral health has traditionally been defined in terms of disease. Today, health is seen in a wider context: taking into account its impact on everyday living. Several indices attempt to capture this dimension. The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) has been adapted for general use and tested on adult samples, mainly in North America. Language, cultural norms and the health care system in France are different and this raises the need to validate the GOHAI in France before it receives widespread use.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the validity of a French version of the GOHAI.Methods: The GOHAI is based on responses to a 12‐item self‐administered questionnaire. The items were translated into French, back‐translated and compared with the original. After pilot testing and minor modifications, the French version was administered to a group of low‐income persons benefiting from the national health insurance system (n = 260, 18–45 years). Measures for stability and internal consistency were calculated. Concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed.Results: Cronbach's α (0.86) showed a high internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Item‐scale correlations varied between 0.40 and 0.78. Repeat administration of the GOHAI to 32 participants gave weighted kappa coefficients from 0.51 to 0.87 and a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.87. Low GOHAI scores were associated with perceptions of poor oral and general health, low satisfaction with oral health and a perceived need for dental care. There were significant relationships between the GOHAI score and most objective measures of dental status except FT. Younger, well‐educated and higher income respondents were more likely to have a high GOHAI score.Conclusion: The French version of the GOHAI exhibits satisfactory psychometric properties but two items (one about swallowing, the other with complex sentence structure) had poor stability.
The relationship between traumatic dental injuries and adolescents' development along the life course
Authors: Nicolau Belinda , Marcenes Wagner , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: July 2003

AbstractFew models have been proposed to explain the aetiology of traumatic dental injuries. Those that have, focus on risk factors at present stage of life. The contribution of risk factors for dental injuries at different stages of life needs to be investigated.Objectives: To test the relationship between life course experiences and the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in adolescents.Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was used to collect data retrospectively. Out of a total number of 764 eligible 13‐year‐old‐adolescents enrolled in private and public schools located in urban areas in the town of Cianorte, Brazil, 652 (85%) agreed to participate in the study. They were interviewed and examined for traumatic dental injuries by two trained dental epidemiologists using validated criteria. The interviews collected information on socioeconomic circumstances, family related variables, school grade and anthropometric measures (height and weight).Results: Adolescent boys, those from non‐nuclear families, those reporting high levels of paternal punishment and those who were at lower grades at school for their age were more likely to experience dental injuries than girls, adolescents from nuclear families, those reporting low levels of paternal punishment and those who were at higher grades at school.Conclusion: It was concluded that adolescents who experienced adverse psychosocial environments along the life course had more traumatic dental injuries than their counterparts who experienced more favourable environments.
A preliminary study to investigate the potential of plasma screen technology in small group teaching for dental undergraduates
Authors: Packer Mark E. , Coward Trevor J. , Wakeley Roderick , Fenlon Michael R. 
Published: July 2003

Aim:  This preliminary study was devised to ascertain whether students considered that they had an adequate view of demonstrated procedures, while observing these directly at the workbench, or indirectly on a remote plasma screen. In addition, this study sought to identify whether the students observing remotely believed that they had been disadvantaged by the inability to question the demonstrator during the demonstration.Methods:  Seventeen students divided into two groups observed a live demonstration of a laboratory technical procedure either at the workbench, or remotely at a plasma screen with the aid of video cameras. They subsequently observed a second demonstration with the roles reversed. Questionnaires were used to obtain the students' views of their ability to see and interact with the demonstrator.Results:  The responses of the students observing the demonstration at the plasma screen indicated that (they felt that) they were able to see the demonstration more clearly than those observing at the workbench. Those observing at the plasma screen first, in particular indicated this. The majority of students acknowledged their inability to ask questions while observing at the plasma screen. There was overwhelming support for the idea that the plasma screen should be used to complement the demonstration at the workbench.Conclusion:  Plasma screen technology has considerable potential as a teaching tool for small groups of students, where it can afford significantly superior views of practical procedures. The students considered that the plasma screen would be best employed to provide close‐up views to supplement a live demonstration. When used remotely, the apparatus may be used more satisfactorily if videoconferencing technology is also employed to facilitate interaction with the demonstrator.
The use of PBL to facilitate the development of professional attributes in second year dental students
Authors: Pau A. K. H. , Croucher R. 
Published: July 2003

Objectives:  To investigate dental students' perception as to whether PBL can facilitate the development of professional attributes.Design:  A cross‐sectional survey of second year dental undergraduates in a UK dental school.Method:  At the end of a PBL module, all students were asked to complete a fully structured questionnaire. Data were collected on socio‐demographics, aspects of the PBL experience and the extent to which students perceived that PBL had facilitated the development of professional attributes.Results:  The response rate was 96%. The frequency distributions of the PBL experience and development of professional attributes were skewed to the positive. Non‐white students, compared to white students, rated significantly more highly the extent to which they thought PBL had facilitated the development of professional attributes. Differences between male and female students, and mature and less mature students were not significant. Students who rated the PBL experience positively were significantly more likely to rate highly the extent to which they thought PBL had facilitated the development of professional attributes.Conclusions:  The factors that affect the relationship between ethnicity and development of professional attributes need further research. To enhance the development of professional attributes, teachers of PBL need to ensure that students find the learning experience worthwhile and stimulating.