bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower muscle protein synthesis in humans with obesity concurrent with lower expression of muscle IGF1 splice variants
Authors: Freitas Eduardo D. S. , Kras Katon A. , Roust Lori R. , De Filippis Elena A. , Kimball Scot R. , Buras Matthew , Katsanos Christos S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis that expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) protein and mRNA splice variants is lower in skeletal muscle of humans with obesity who have a lower mixed‐muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (MMP‐FSR) when compared with individuals without obesity.MethodsThe study included nine participants with obesity (OB, mean [SD], BMI = 35 [3] kg/m2, MMP‐FSR = 0.06%/h [0.02%/h]) and nine participants without obesity (W‐OB, BMI = 24 [3] kg/m2, MMP‐FSR = 0.08%/h [0.02%/h]; for both BMI and MMP‐FSR p < 0.05). MMP‐FSR and mitochondrial protein FSR were measured following an overnight fast.ResultsAlong with lower MMP‐FSR, OB participants displayed lower mitochondrial protein FSR (p = 0.03) compared with W‐OB participants. Expression of IGF‐1 (p = 0.04) and IGF‐1 receptor (p < 0.01) proteins was lower in muscle of OB participants. In addition, OB participants had lower (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of IGF1 variants Eb and Ec. This study demonstrates that lower protein synthesis in muscle of humans with obesity occurs concurrently with lower expression of muscle IGF‐1 and IGF‐1 receptor proteins, as well as lower mRNA expression of the IGF1 splice variants.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that lower protein synthesis observed in muscle of humans with obesity may result from diminished muscle IGF1 gene expression.
Fabricating UHMWPE‐based shielding materials with excellent high‐temperature mechanical properties and irradiation endurance properties via controlling crosslinked and crystalline structures
Authors: Xu Ran , Zhou Cuiqing , Sun Xiaopei , Yang Jing , Wu Ying , Pan Xiaoqiang , Chen Yang , Heng Zhengguang , Zou Huawei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShielding materials are important guarantees for the reliable operation of nuclear equipment and essential prerequisites for the safe application of nuclear energy. As an essential and most widely used shielding material, improving the high‐temperature mechanical properties of PE‐based shielding material is of significant importance for the lightweight and integrated design of nuclear shielding material systems. Here, a simple crosslinking method was proposed to control the crosslinking degree and crystallinity to prepare UHMWPE‐based shielding materials with excellent high‐temperature mechanical properties and irradiation endurance properties. The enhancement mechanisms of mechanical properties, irradiation endurance properties and shielding properties were revealed. Meanwhile, the γ‐rays and neutrons shielding properties were studied using Geant4. When the crosslinking degree was 20.62 × 10−3 g/mol and the crystallinity was 12.13%, UHMPE‐based shielding material with optimal overall performance was obtained. Compared with the un‐crosslinked control sample, the tensile strength and elongation at break at room temperature, 70 and 90°C were 22.3 MPa (48.90% increased) and 8.43% (154.68% increased), 8.65 MPa (105.46% increased) and 6.35% (154.00% increased), 7.48 MPa (128.75% increased) and 6.2% (89.60% increased), respectively. The vicat softening temperature and maximum thermal deformation temperature were enhance 4.20 and 6.56°C when the crosslinking degree was 27.51 × 10−3 g/mol and the crystallinity is 10.83%. Our work provided a feasible method to increase the upper temperature limit and broaden the application range of PE‐based nuclear shielding materials.
High‐resolution and quantitative spatial analysis reveal intra‐ductal phenotypic and functional diversification in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Michiels Ellis , Madhloum Hediel , Van Lint Silke , Messaoudi Nouredin , Kunda Rastislav , Martens Sandrina , Giron Philippe , Olsen Catharina , Lefesvre Pierre , Dusetti Nelson , EL Mohajer Leila , Tomasini Richard , Hawinkels Lukas JAC , Ahsayni Farah , Nicolle Rémy , Arsenijevic Tatjana , Bouchart Christelle , Van Laethem Jean‐Luc , Rooman Ilse 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA ‘classical’ and a ‘basal‐like’ subtype of pancreatic cancer have been reported, with differential expression of GATA6 and different dosages of mutant KRAS. We established in situ detection of KRAS point mutations and mRNA panels for the consensus subtypes aiming to project these findings to paraffin‐embedded clinical tumour samples for spatial quantitative analysis. We unveiled that, next to inter‐patient and intra‐patient inter‐ductal heterogeneity, intraductal spatial phenotypes exist with anti‐correlating expression levels of GATA6 and KRASG12D. The basal‐like mRNA panel better captured the basal‐like cell states than widely used protein markers. The panels corroborated the co‐existence of the classical and basal‐like cell states in a single tumour duct with functional diversification, i.e. proliferation and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition respectively. Mutant KRASG12D detection ascertained an epithelial origin of vimentin‐positive cells in the tumour. Uneven spatial distribution of cancer‐associated fibroblasts could recreate similar intra‐organoid diversification. This extensive heterogeneity with functional cooperation of plastic tumour cells poses extra challenges to therapeutic approaches. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Relationship between muscle thickness measured by ultrasound and physical functions: A 2‐year follow‐up study of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Ito Kumiko , Tada Yuma , Suzuki Masayuki , Hashida Nao , Kato Yuji , Yokota Takafumi , Ishikawa Jun , Tamiya Hironari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematological malignancies. Several complications following allo‐HSCT, such as graft‐versus‐host disease, infection, and malnutrition, often cause physical dysfunction, and the assessment of physical function and evaluation of muscle mass are incompletely performed. Use of ultrasound (US) allows muscle mass measurement in patients with poor general conditions. In allo‐HSCT recipients, the correlation between physical function and muscle thickness, as measured by US, remains unclear.ObjectiveTo clarify whether muscle thickness measured by US correlated with physical function in allo‐HSCT recipients.DesignA single‐center prospective cohort study.SettingHospital.PatientsNinety‐two patients underwent allo‐HSCT at our hospital from April 2017 to March 2019.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(s)Biceps and quadriceps muscle thickness measured by US, grip strength, isometric muscle strength (elbow flexion and knee extension), and 6‐minute walking test (6MWT) before allo‐HSCT and on days 30, 90, 180, 1 year, and 2 years after allo‐HSCT. The implementation rates of these assessments were also investigated.ResultsCorrelations were observed between biceps thickness and elbow flexion muscle strength/grip strength before allo‐HSCT, on days 30, 90, 180, 1 year, and 2 years after allo‐HSCT (r = 0.71/0.74, 0.73/0.72, 0.70/0.79, 0.67/0.75, 0.72/0.75, and 0.85/0.79, respectively, all p < .001). At the same time points, quadriceps thickness moderately correlated with knee extensor strength (r = 0.49, 0.50, 0.45, 0.64, 0.61, and 0.58, all p < .001). However, biceps and quadriceps thicknesses did not correlate with the 6MWT. The percentages of patients measured with US and 6MWT were 93.4% and 82.4% (p = .01) on day 30 and 97.5% and 87.8% (p = .02) on day 90, respectively.ConclusionsUS assessment may be a useful alternative method for estimating muscle strength in fragile allo‐HSCT recipients, particularly when physical function assessment is difficult to quantify.
Best practices for using electrical resistivity tomography to investigate permafrost
Authors: Herring Teddi , Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Hauck Christian , Hilbich Christin , Mollaret Coline , Oldenborger Greg A. , Uhlemann Sebastian , Farzamian Mohammad , Calmels Fabrice , Scandroglio Riccardo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a minimally invasive geophysical method that produces a model of subsurface resistivity from a large number of electrical resistance measurements. Strong resistivity contrasts usually exist between frozen and unfrozen earth materials, making ERT an effective and increasingly utilized tool in permafrost research. In this paper, we review more than 300 scientific publications dating from 2000 to 2022 to identify the capabilities and limitations of ERT for permafrost applications. The annual publication rate has increased by a factor of 10 over this period, but several unique challenges remain, and best practices for acquiring, processing, and interpreting ERT data in permafrost environments have not been clearly established. In this paper, we make recommendations for ERT surveys of permafrost and highlight recent advances in the field, with the objective of maximizing the utility of existing and future surveys.
The SPEC score—A quantifiable CT scoring system for primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Chowdhary Tarika , Bracken Jennifer , Morgan Lucy , Schultz Andre , Robinson Phil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundStructural lung changes seen on computed tomography (CT) scans in persons with primary ciliary dyskinesia (pwPCD) are currently described using cystic fibrosis (CF) derived scoring systems. Recent work has shown structural changes and frequencies that are unique to PCD, indicating the need for a unique PCD‐derived scoring system.MethodsChest CT scans from 30 pwPCD, were described for structural changes including bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, mucous plugging, atelectasis, air trapping, and interlobar septal thickening and, additionally, changes previously described as being frequent in pwPCD including extensive tree‐in‐bud pattern of mucous plugging, bronchoceles or nodules, thickening of interlobar and interlobular septa and whole lobe atelectasis. Based on these findings a novel and unique scoring system, the Specific PCD Evaluation by CT (SPEC) score was constructed. Scans were then re‐scored using the SPEC score and results compared to corresponding measurements of lung function to assess structure‐function correlation.ResultsTotal SPEC scores ranged from 0 to 60 (max possible score 90). There was a strong negative correlation between the SPEC score (SPEC) and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume over 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio (−r = .784, −.865, −.872 respectively).ConclusionsUsing PCD‐derived data we describe the construct of a PCD‐specific score for assessing lung structural damage on CT scans, the SPEC score. A strong correlation between the SPEC score and PFT variables was identified. The SPEC score holds the potential for describing longitudinal changes in CT scans and assessing the efficacy of interventive therapies in patients with PCD.
Control of sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) using entomopathogenic fungi under optimal and suboptimal relative humidity conditions
Authors: Bohatá Andrea , Folorunso Ewumi Azeez , Lencová Jana , Osborne Lance S , Mraz Jan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is one of the most destructive pests to an extensive range of crops and vegetables. Pesticide‐dependent management programs have led to severe health problems, including pesticide poisoning and cancer in human beings, as well as pesticide resistance in insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are considered safe and highly effective against many pests. Therefore, identifying the pathogenicity and virulence of EPFs against Bemisia tabaci is a valuable addition to the management of their infestations. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of conidia suspensions of Aschersonia aleyrodis, Isaria fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana, and Akanthomyces muscarius (= Lecanicillium muscarium) against nymphal stages of Bemisia tabaci in cucumber seedlings under both optimal and suboptimal conditions.RESULTSAll of the EPFs demonstrated significant ovicidal effects, with the highest cumulative mortalities observed in Aschersonia aleyrodis (96.46%) and I. fumosorosea‐treated (94.60%) seedlings against host eggs and crawlers. Similarly, in the L4‐instars experiment, Aschersonia aleyrodis and I. fumosorosea were the most efficient, resulting in cumulative mortalities of 94.82% and 94.75%, respectively. However, Bemisia tabaci cumulative mortalities on seedlings treated with Akanthomyces muscarius (78.36%) and Beauveria bassiana (85.90%) were also significantly different from untreated seedlings (7.10%). Under suboptimal relative humidity (RH) conditions (≤ 45% RH), Aschersonia aleyrodis exhibited greater tolerance to harsh conditions, causing a significantly higher infection rate in L1–L2 nymphs (~92%) compared to the approximately 32% infected young nymphs observed in I. fumosorosea‐treated seedlings.CONCLUSIONAll the selected EPF were more effective against the young nymphal instars. Our results also highlight the efficacy of Aschersonia aleyrodis under suboptimal conditions. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrating machine learning with pharmacokinetic models: Benefits of scientific machine learning in adding neural networks components to existing PK models
Authors: Valderrama Diego , Ponce‐Bobadilla Ana Victoria , Mensing Sven , Fröhlich Holger , Stodtmann Sven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, the use of machine‐learning (ML) models for pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling has grown significantly. Although most of the current approaches use ML techniques as black boxes, there are only a few that have proposed interpretable architectures which integrate mechanistic knowledge. In this work, we use as the test case a one‐compartment PK model using a scientific machine learning (SciML) framework and consider learning an unknown absorption using neural networks, while simultaneously estimating other parameters of drug distribution and elimination. We generate simulated data with different sampling strategies to show that our model can accurately predict concentrations in extrapolation tasks, including new dosing regimens with different sparsity levels, and produce reliable forecasts even for new patients. By using a scenario of fitting PK data with complex absorption, we demonstrate that including known physiological structure into an SciML model allows us to obtain highly accurate predictions while preserving the interpretability of classical compartmental models.
Estimation of streamflow of the ungauged mountainous watersheds of the Western Ghats in India using the SWAT model
Authors: George Celine , James E. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Western Ghats in the humid tropical zone of Kerala State, India have several drinking water, irrigation and hydroelectric projects, which exclusively depend on streamflow. The seasonal monsoon rainfall imposes several limitations in estimating the streamflows. The rugged topography of these highland areas with thick forest vegetation restricts the installation of conventional gauging stations. Considering these factors, an attempt is made to estimate the streamflow from these watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. Eight representative watersheds with stream gauging stations were selected, of which six were used for initial calibration, validation of the model and identifying the model parameters to be regionalised. The regionalised model was then applied to the other two watersheds, and the estimated data were compared with the observed. Global average, regression method and common parameter transfer approaches were adopted to regionalise the parameters. The calibrated model parameters are averaged in the global average method. The regression function in the data analysis add‐on in the Excel platform determined the functional relationship between the watershed characteristics and the model calibration parameters. The parameter transfer helped recognise two standard sensitive parameters. It is found that by providing the topography, land use and soil data, the streamflow from the ungauged watersheds of the highland belt in the wet humid tropical zone of Kerala can be satisfactorily simulated.
On the Aromaticity of Puckered Ions C4H42+ and B4H42−: Deciphering the Origin of Nonplanarity
Authors: Paul Bijan K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDensity functional theory and Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory techniques have been employed to delve into the nonplanarity and aromaticity of C4H42+and B4H42−. C4H42+ is a well‐known two‐electron aromatic system with puckered four‐membered ring, while analogues of B4H42− (two‐electron aromatic system with puckered four‐membered ring) have been recently synthesized and their aromatic behavior has been argued. The present work aims at presenting a computational insight into the origin of nonplanarity of C4H42+ and B4H42−, as well as characterizing their aromatic behavior given that aromaticity in a nonplanar structure is not so common. Our results suggest an important role of the second‐order Jahn‐Teller effect (SOJTE) underlying the nonplanarity of C4H42+ and B4H42−. The aromatic behavior of the studied systems has been characterized by various parameters including the nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) scan, σ‐π energy separation analysis, energy decomposition analysis, study of magnetic susceptibility, and bond‐order analysis.
One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Novel Spiro‐(1,8)‐Naphthyridine Derivatives in PEG‐400
Authors: Asilpour Fatemeh , Saberi Dariush , Hasaninejad Alireza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA one‐pot multi‐component pathway is reported to synthesize novel spiro‐(1,8)‐naphthyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields via the condensation reaction of isatin derivatives, malononitrile dimer and enamine derivatives. In polyethylene glycol‐400 at 80 °C, more than 30 novel products of spiro‐(1,8)‐naphthyridines were synthesized up to 95 % yields with only water as a by‐product. Separation of the products was performed efficiently and no additional operation was needed for purification of the products, except that, in some cases, recrystallization was done. Moreover, some new spiro‐dihydropyrimidines were efficiently synthesized when malononitrile (or methyl/ethyl‐2‐cyanomalonate) was employed instead of enamines.
Discrete Femtolitre Pipetting with 3D Printed Axisymmetrical Phaseguides
Authors: Blankespoor Maarten , Manzaneque Tomás , Ghatkesar Murali Krishna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe capacity to precisely pipette femtoliter volumes of liquid enables many applications, for example, to functionalize a nanoscale surface and manipulate fluids inside a single‐cell. A pressure‐controlled pipetting method is the most preferred, since it enables the widest range of working liquids. However, precisely controlling femtoliter volumes by pressure is challenging. In this work, a new concept is proposed that makes use of axisymmetrical phaseguides inside a microfluidic channel to pipette liquid in discrete steps of known volume. An analytical model for the design of the femtopipettes is developed and verified experimentally. Femtopipettes are fabricated using a multi‐scale 3D printing strategy integrating a digital light processing printed part and a two‐photon‐polymerization printed part. Three different variants are designed and fabricated with pipetting resolutions of 10 picoliters, 180 femtoliters and 50 femtoliters. As a demonstration, controlled amounts of a water‐glycerol mixture were first aspirated and then dispensed into a mineral oil droplet.
Adverse effects of mining pollutants on terrestrial and aquatic environment and its remediation
Authors: Talukder Pratik , Ray Rajarshi , Sarkar Mainak , Das Anirban , Chakraborty Srishti 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne of the biggest threats faced in the present world is environmental degradation and pollution which is caused by an increase in the concentration of toxic substances which leads to the destruction of the ecosystem which gets exposed to those particles, it also leads to the loss of ecosystems because when these toxic particles seep into soil or water bodies, the life forms or the habitat which depend on it gets affected by the effluents hence leading to adverse effects, biomagnification and even death which dismantles the entire ecosystem. In this article, we will be discussing the effects on the environment caused by mining activities which are highly detrimental to the area in which it is done. Mining involves breaking down the soil layer into depths to extract various minerals and geological substances which in turn destroys the environment which gets exposed to it. As machinery is used they destroy the soil layer completely hence resulting in erosion of the area completely rendering it useless for any vegetation to grow. Apart from these by‐products and effluents which are released from the mining sites when seeps into nearby soil and water bodies can be very much detrimental to the respective ecosystem there. Moreover, the loosening of soil destroys its rigidity hence landslides can occur which is deadly. Thus to control all that, preventive measures need to be taken to improvise the mining activity in such a way that dangers of environmental degradation can be minimized as much as possible. Therefore this paper deals with the environmental impacts of mining activities along with remedial measures to control the toxic concentration from the sites (Chaney, 1991).
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Eliasson Eva , Osman Ali , Teräs Marianne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe title of this anthology, Migration, Education, and Employment – Pathways to Successful Integration indicates that there is a connection between education, employment, and integration, and that this connection can facilitate successful pathways for migrants into their new societies. Despite that the meaning of integration has been articulated differently over time, the dominant way of understanding integration in policy documents is that integration is synonymous with getting a job. Without neglecting other aspects of successful integration, gaining employment is important. Those who have developed a vocational identity are often vulnerable in the new country when their skills and competencies are not recognised. Recognition of prior learning is described as a complex and challenging process. One important factor for successful integration is meetings that facilitate migrants’ pathways to employment and strengthen their social identity and resilience. Bridging programmes and multicultural perspectives in education are other measures that facilitate successful integration. However, from the migrants’ perspective, integration can also mean possibilities for personal growth and development in a context in which they have options and opportunities. To conclude, it is not just about getting a job, it is about getting a good job.