bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of karst landform types and land uses on the leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil solution
Authors: Gong Chunjin , Han Jun-lei , Dai Jun-feng , Wan Zu-peng , Xu Bao-li , Zhang Shuai-pu , Xu Jing-xuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To analyze the impact of karst landform types and land use patterns on the movement of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil solution, we utilized soil solution nitrogen and phosphorus monitoring data from the Huixian Wetland Experimental Area in the Li River Basin from March to December 2021. The study area was divided into three categories based on karst landform types, namely, non-karst landforms, peak-cluster depressions, and peak-forest plains. Additionally, two categories were considered based on land use patterns, namely, paddy fields and uplands. Single-factor variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were employed to examine the transportation of soil solution nitrogen and phosphorus at different soil depths during the irrigation and non-irrigation seasons. The results indicate that (1) the concentrations of NO3--N in the soil solution at depths of 30 cm, 60 cm, and 100 cm exhibited significant differences between the irrigation and non-irrigation seasons. The total nitrogen (TN) concentration at a depth of 30 cm also displayed significant differences between the two seasons. Pearson correlation analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the soil solution revealed a significant positive correlation between NO3--N and TN, with a correlation coefficient of 0.666 (p<0.01). (2) The downward migration distance of NO3--N varied among different karst landform types, following the sequence of peak-forest plains > peak-cluster depressions > non-karst landforms. The NH4+-N migration distance followed the order of peak-cluster depressions > peak-forest plains > non-karst landforms. (3) The NO3--N concentration in irrigated paddy fields generally remained at a high level at a depth of 100 cm during the irrigation season. In upland areas, the NO3--N concentration followed a consistent pattern of 30 cm > 60 cm > 100 cm. However, during periods of heavy rainfall, anomalous increases or decreases in concentration were observed at depths of 60 cm and 100 cm.
Metabolic engineering of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 for the improved production of phenylpropanoids
Authors: Kukil Kateryna , Lindberg Pia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Phenylpropanoids are a large group of plant secondary metabolites with various biological functions, derived from aromatic amino acids. Cyanobacteria are promising host organisms for sustainable production of plant phenylpropanoids. We have previously engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to produce trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) and p-coumaric acid (pCou), the first intermediates of phenylpropanoid pathway, by overexpression of phenylalanine- and tyrosine ammonia lyases. In this study, we aimed to enhance the production of the target compounds tCA and pCou in Synechocystis.
Results
We eliminated the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) activity, which is a competing pathway consuming tyrosine and, possibly, phenylalanine for tocopherol synthesis. Moreover, several genes of the terminal steps of the shikimate pathway were overexpressed alone or in operons, such as aromatic transaminases, feedback insensitive cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase (TyrC) from Zymomonas mobilis and the chorismate mutase (CM) domain of the fused chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase enzyme from Escherichia coli. The obtained engineered strains demonstrated nearly 1.5 times enhanced tCA and pCou production when HPPD was knocked out compared to the parental production strains, accumulating 138 ± 3.5 mg L− 1 of tCA and 72.3 ± 10.3 mg L− 1 of pCou after seven days of photoautotrophic growth. However, there was no further improvement when any of the pathway genes were overexpressed. Finally, we used previously obtained AtPRM8 and TsPRM8 Synechocystis strains with deregulated shikimate pathway as a background for the overexpression of synthetic constructs with ppd knockout.
Conclusions
HPPD elimination enhances the tCA and pCou productivity to a similar extent. The use of PRM8 based strains as a background for overexpression of synthetic constructs, however, did not promote tCA and pCou titers, which indicates a tight regulation of the terminal steps of phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis. This work contributes to the establishing cyanobacteria as hosts for phenylpropanoid production.
Development and Validation of the MOUD Access Policy Implementation Index (MAPI2) Measuring Implementation of Policies Supportive of Increased Access to MOUD by Arizona MOUD Providers
Authors: Bentele Keith G. , Meyerson Beth E. , Brady Benjamin R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: U.S. federal regulations allowed treatment accommodations during the COVID-19 pandemic to assure access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Objective: To develop and validate a MOUD Access Policy Implementation Index (MAPI2) measuring the extent to which providers implement allowed MOUD accommodations.
Methods: Responses from a survey of 74 Arizona MOUD providers from September 2021-April 2022 measuring reported adoption of 10 accommodations were used to assess instrument validity. Implementation was measured for three time periods: before COVID, during the COVID lock down and currently (at the time of survey). Three MAPI2 versions tracking different implementation characterizations were examined by regression analysis with robust standard errors, testing associations between provider characteristics in each version of the MAPI2.
Results: In the unadjusted MAPI2, the mean count of accommodations increased from 1.2 accommodations pre-COVID-19 to 3.2 during the COVID shutdown, and remained at 3.1 at the time of the survey. The two other versions of the MAPI2, the adjusted and the relevant MAPI2, exhibited a similar pattern of increase and leveling off across the three time periods. Paired t-tests on the three index versions found significant increases in the index scores between the pre-COVID and COVID shutdown periods. No significant differences were found between the COVID shutdown and time of survey periods, suggesting continued implementation of most accommodations at the time of survey. Significant associations were found between various provider characteristics and degree of implementation as measured by the indices. Specifically, providers with larger patient limits and those offering methadone treatment were found to have higher levels of accommodation implementation as measured by the MAPI2. MAPI2 was found to have excellent content validity, acceptable internal consistency, and strong construct validity.
Conclusions: The MAPI2 can be used to assess the implementation of newly allowed MOUD access accommodations both between MOUD providers and over time. As wide variation exists in MOUD accommodations implementation nationally, MAPI2 offers a tool to track changes in MOUD accessibility over time and across individual providers and locations. It will be an important tool given anticipated federal expansion of MOUD treatment accommodations.
The Naturally Occurring m1A RNA Modification Can Be Efficiently Incorporated into RNA by SARS-CoV-2 RdRp
Authors: Apostle Alexander , Arneson Reed , Yuan Yinan , Fang Shiyue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

When it is in the template RNA, the naturally occurring m1A epitranscriptomic RNA modification was recently reported to be able to stop the RNA polymerization reaction catalyzed by the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. In this report, we report that m1A via its triphosphate form (m1ATP) can be incorporated into RNA by the same RdRp. These two findings point a new direction for antiviral drug development based on m1A for combatting COVID-19. More broadly, it is possible that the large pool of epigenetic RNA as well as DNA modifications could serve as a treasury for drug discovery aimed at combating various infectious and other diseases.
Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Ratio in Rectal Cancer on Overall Survival: An Alternative not a substitute. A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Taha Abdallah M. , Amin Anwar T. , Saada Ahmed M. , Jabir Murad A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Accurate rectal cancer N staging requires the histopathological evaluation of at least 12 lymph nodes. Retrieval of that count is not always possible, Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) could be used as an alternative.
Patients and Methods: Retrospective cohort study on 229 patients who underwent curative surgery for resectable rectal cancer. Receiver Operating Characteristic ROC) curve analysis was used to find the optimal cutoff value for Lymph Node count (LNC), Positive Lymph Nodes count (PLN), and LNR affecting overall survival (OS). The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used for univariate analysis of factors affecting OS. Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to test significance. Cox-Regression Hazard model was used to detect the most significant factor affecting OS.
Results: ROC curve analysis of PLNs revealed the poor value of the test with a sensitivity 51.9%, at PLNs 4 cutoff value, with shorter mean OS aboveit ( 21.71±11.597 vs. 31.20 ± 16.634 for ≥4 vs. <4). ROC curve analysis of LNC revealed the poor value of the test, with a sensitivity 56% at LNC 12 cutoff value, with longermean Overall Survival (OS) above it ( 28.21±15.432 vs. 22.22±12.97 for LNC ≥12 vs. <12). ROC curve analysis of LNR revealed a good value of the test for predicting survival with a sensitivity 95% at LNR 18.82% cutoff value, with longer mean OS above it (21.44±11.607 vs. 39.82±15.085 for LNR ≥18.8% vs. <18.8%).
In Univariate analysis, factors significantly affecting OS were histopathological examination (p = .000), Lymph-Vascular Invasion (LVI) (p =.014), LNC cutoff value (p =.002.), PLN cutoff value (p =.008), LNR cutoff value (p=.000). In Multivariate analysis, the LNR cutoff value of 18.8% was found to be the most significant factor affecting OS (p =.000).
Conclusion: Higher LNR with 18.82% cutoff value is an independent adverse prognostic factor affecting OS in resectable rectal cancer. LNR could be considered as a good alternative to absolute number of PLN, particularly in patients with a low LNC. Higher LNC ≥12 was associated with a longer OS; maximum possible lymphadenectomy should be done in every single patient.
Solid-state fermentation using wheat bran to produce glucose syrup and functional cereal bars
Authors: Figueiredo Célia Cristina Malaguti , Granero Filipe Oliveira , Silva Luciana Pereira , Nogueira Ilca Fabiane Amâncio , de Souza Joyce Faria , Escaramboni Bruna , Neto Pedro de Oliva , Silva Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Wheat bran is one of the most abundant by-products from grain milling, which can be applied as substrate for solid-state fermentation to obtain enzymes able to convert this agro-industrial residue into glucose syrup, which in turn can be used for the production of different food products. Present study aimed to determine centesimal composition of wheat bran, obtain enzymatic extract that converts wheat bran into wheat glucose syrup, produce rice flakes cereal bars using glucose syrup, and evaluate their nutritional composition and the presence of functional compounds, as well as their antioxidant potential. Cereal bars were evaluated to determine reducing sugars, soluble proteins, and total polyphenols and flavonoids content. Antioxidant evaluation and enzymatic extract obtained presented amylolytic activity and it was able to produce cereal bar. Produced with wheat glucose syrup proved to be a source of dietary fiber (1.8 g) and soluble protein (7.2 g) while the rice flakes produced with corn glucose syrup did not present these nutritional components. Cereal bar produced with glucose syrup presented phenolic compounds, among them flavonoids. In addition, they exhibited antioxidant activity by radical scavenging (47.46%), reduced ion iron (71.70 µM Trolox equivalent/g) and radical stabilization (711.89 µM Trolox Equivalent/g). Final product maintained organoleptic profile characteristic of cereal bars and it showed a decrease in caloric value and sodium content. Therefore, the present study showed that the bioprocess yields a nutritional, ecological, and functional food product, which might be of great interest for food industry, adding nutritional and functional value to a well-stablished product.
Low-dose apatinib and CPT synergistically optimize the tumor microenvironment and enhance the antitumor effects of PD-1 inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hankang , Gao Congcong , Chen Feng , Li Guijie , Li Xiaodong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Apatinib is a selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has been shown to apply to a variety of solid tumors, including advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Clinical outcome prove that the combination of apatinib and anti programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors has a cooperate with anti-tumor effect. In this study, we investigated the synergistic enhancement of the antitumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor in HCC by camptothecin (CPT) and low-dose apatinib.
Methods
The effect of low-dose apatinib in combination with CPT on the antitumor effects of PD-1 inhibitor was evaluated in making use of the H22 mouse model (n = 32), which was divided into four treatment groups. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting were used to detect nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as sequestosome 1 (p62), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), PD-1, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1).
Results
The results showed that the average size of the tumor of the combination group was significantly less than that of the apatinib + PD-1 inhibitor group. The expression levels of Nrf2, p62, VEGFA,VEGFR2, PD-1, and PD-L1 in the apatinib + PD-1 inhibitor group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of these genes were significantly lower in the combination group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
There was no obvious difference in body weight and liver and kidney functions between the four groups of mice. In conclusion, CPT synergistically enhanced the antitumor effect of PD-1 inhibitor in HCC with low-dose apatinib.
Perspectives on improving wound care for Aboriginal Health workers in rural and remote communities in Queensland, Australia.
Authors: King Helena Jane , Whiteside Eliza , Ward Raelene , Kauter Kate , Byrne Martin , Horner Vicki , Nutter Helen , Lea Jackie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: The care of wounds is an ongoing issue for Indigenous people worldwide, yet culturally safe Indigenous wound care training programs for rural and remote Australian Aboriginal Health Workers are largely unavailable. The higher prevalence of chronic disease, lower socioeconomic status and poorer access to services means that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are adversely affected by chronic wounds. This study aimed to examine experiences of Aboriginal Health Workers, Aboriginal Health Practitioners and nurses for managing chronic wounds within rural and remote Aboriginal Medical Services in Queensland, Australia. Identifying the barriers and enablers for delivering wound care will establish areas of need for facilitating the development of a specific wound care program for Aboriginal Health Workers and Aboriginal Health Practitioners. This paper reports the first phase of a larger project directly aligned to the Indigenous Australians’ Health Program’s objective of supporting the delivery and access to high quality, culturally appropriate health care and services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.
Methods: Yarning circles were utilised to interview Aboriginal Health Workers, Aboriginal Health Practitioners, and nurses currently employed within four Aboriginal Medical Services located in rural and remote areas of Queensland, Australia.
Results: Two themes emerged from the data. Specifically, participants’ experiences of managing wounds and barriers and enablers to effective wound care.
Conclusions: This study contributes an insight into the experiences of Aboriginal Health workers on the current barriers and enablers to timely treatment of chronic wounds. Results from this study indicate a significant barrier to obtaining timely and effective wound care in regional and remote settings is access to an appropriately skilled, culturally competent and resourced health work force. A lack of education and professional development for AHW can compromise their ability to maximise patient outcomes and delay wound healing. Findings have informed the development of an evidence based, culturally competent open access chronic wound care education program for AHW.
Effect of Temperature on Post-yield Behavior of Pvc Foams
Authors: Vedire Anudeep Reddy , Fatt Michelle S. Hoo , Pakala Akshay Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on Divinycell HCP30 foam to develop equations predicting its elastic and post-yield behavior from-40 to +60 oC. In these experiments, the foam was subjected to post-yield cyclic tension, compression and shear and monotonic biaxial tension and compression loading in the environmental chamber of an MTS servo-hydraulic machine. Elastic modulus and yield strength of the foam were found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature and could be expressed by a single equation in terms of room temperature properties. Post-yield behavior involved plasticity, viscoelasticity, and damage. An elastic-plastic viscoelastic damage model was used to predict post-yield behavior of the foam at different temperatures. Temperature dependent plastic hardening and viscoelastic damage functions were extracted from the experimental results and used to simulate elastic and post-yield stress-strain behavior in ABAQUS Explicit using a user-defined material subroutine. The ABAQUS user-defined material was validated with experiments on Divinycell HCP30 foam sheets at various temperatures. Good comparisons were found between ABAQUS and experimental results.
Whole-genome sequencing of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations reveals independent origins of dwarf ecotypes and potential molecular mechanisms underpinning cold adaptation
Authors: Torres-Oliva Montserrat , Anmarkrud Jarl Andreas , Arnesen Paal , Arnesen Øyvind Kongstun , Arnold Philipp , Blaj Iulia , Born Erik Wolder , Chung Brian K. , Eriksen Berit Valentin , Kvie Kjersti S. , Li Wenjia , Lucius Ralph , Ludwig Arne , Mamedov Ilgar , Mayr Gabriele , Metzger Julia , Mondal Mayukh , Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Røed Knut , Sandoval-Castellanos Edson , Susat Julian , Thorbek Birgitte Lisbeth Graae , Wiig Øystein , Krause-Kyora Ben , Hoeppner Marc P. , Karlsen Tom Hemming , Franke Andre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are iconic mammals that inhabit the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. In these areas, reindeer not only play a vital ecological role, but they also hold cultural and economic significance for indigenous communities. In order to thrive in the harsh conditions of the northernmost areas of the world, reindeer have developed an array of phenotypic adaptations, especially in the ecotypes living in the High Arctic. Therefore, a thorough understanding of population structure, history, and genetic diversity of reindeer is useful for their sustainable management and to guide long-term conservation efforts.
Results
We conducted whole-genome sequencing of a male R. t. tarandus specimen from Norway's Hardangervidda region, generating a highly continuous and complete genome assembly that can be used as a reference genome for genetic analyses focusing on the Fennoscandian reindeer. We also sequenced reindeer ecotypes from across the globe and generated de novo sequences from two ancient samples. Our analysis suggests an independent evolution of small-sized phenotypes in specific high-arctic ecotypes, such as the Svalbard reindeer (R. t. platyrhynchus) and Peary caribou (R. t. pearyi). We describe how the demographic bottleneck that affected the reindeer in the Svalbard archipelago resulted in reduced genetic variability compared to mainland Norway reindeer. Our data suggests that these two distinct ecotypes were likely independent populations before the last glaciation. Finally, we also observe an enriched number of genes associated with cilium motility and cilium assembly presenting missense variants between these two ecotypes, potentially linked to adaptations in the extreme arctic environment. For instance, some of these genes play a role in respiratory cilia movement, potentially improving respiratory function in cold environments.
Conclusions
Our findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of small body size adaptations in reindeer ecotypes and highlight the impact of environmental constraints on their populations. Our high-quality reference genome and associated resources will aid in addressing epidemiological, conservation, and management challenges faced by reindeer populations in a rapidly changing world.
Enhancing Knowledge graph with Selectional Preferences
Authors: Torabian Najmeh , Radaei Homa , Minaei-Bidgoli Behrouz , Jahanshahi Mohsen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Knowledge graphs facilitate the extraction of knowledge from data and provide a comprehensive overview of all knowledge within departments, across departments, and global organizations. To enrich the extracted knowledge, several solutions have been proposed to complete the knowledge graph. This study investigates the effectiveness of using the selectional preferences technique to establish the dependency between triple entities in a knowledge graph. To this end, this paper proposes a three-phase approach, Selectional Preferences Knowledge Graph (SP-KG) to determine the relevance degree of all triple entities in the knowledge graph based on selectional preferences. The results demonstrate that the three-phase approach accurately identifies entity dependencies, which can be applied for knowledge extraction. Furthermore, this approach uses a Persian knowledge graph, which enhances the completeness of Persian language knowledge. Finally, the SP-KG model is evaluated on the SP-10K dataset proposed in state-of-the-art research to prove its accuracy. Similar results for both datasets indicate good performance. Glove and Word2Vec are also used to compare the proposed model with other methods. The accuracy results of the 2-way and 3-way pseudo-disambiguation demonstrate the high quality of the results produced by the proposed model.