bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ localization of Propionibacterium acnes DNA in lymph nodes from sarcoidosis patients by signal amplification with catalysed reporter deposition
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Eishi Yoshinobu , Ikeda Satoshi , Ishige Ikuo , Suzuki Takashige , Takemura Tamiko , Takizawa Touichiro , Koike Morio 
Published: November 2002

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. Many genomes of Propionibacterium acnes and P. granulosum have been detected in lymph nodes from patients with sarcoidosis. In situ localization of propionibacterial genomes in sarcoid lymph nodes may help to establish an aetiological link between sarcoidosis and these indigenous bacteria. Formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded biopsy samples of lymph nodes from nine patients with sarcoidosis, nine patients with tuberculosis, and nine patients with non‐specific lymphadenitis as controls were examined by quantitative real‐time PCR (QPCR) for P. acnes and by in situ hybridization (ISH) that used catalysed reporter deposition (CARD) for signal amplification with digoxigenin‐labelled oligonucleotide probes that complemented 16S rRNA of P. acnes. The signals per 250 µm2 of tissue sections were counted from inside and outside the granulomas of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis and from control lymph nodes. The number of genomes by QPCR was examined for correlation with the mean signal count by ISH with CARD. In sarcoid samples, one or several signals were detected in the cytoplasm of some epithelioid cells in granulomas and of many mononuclear cells around granulomas. The mean signal counts were higher (p < 0.001) in granulomatous areas than in other areas of sarcoid lymph nodes. Even in their non‐granulomatous areas, counts were higher than in granulomatous areas (p = 0.0023) and non‐granulomatous areas (p < 0.001) of tuberculous lymph nodes and control lymph nodes (p = 0.0071). Correlation between the results by QPCR and ISH with CARD was significant (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). The accumulation of P. acnes genomes in and around sarcoid granulomas suggests that this indigenous bacterium may be related to the cause of granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MYCN gene overrepresentation detected in primary neuroblastoma tumour cells without amplification
Authors: Valent Alexander , Le Roux Gwenaëlle , Barrois Michel , Terrier‐Lacombe Marie‐José , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Léon Bernadette , Spengler Barbara , Lenoir Gilbert , Bénard Jean , Bernheim Alain 
Published: November 2002

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the most frequent solid extracranial neoplasm of childhood, with a median age of presentation of under 2 years. This tumour is highly malignant in patients older than 12 months of age with metastatic disease. Clinical studies have confirmed that amplification of the MYCN proto‐oncogene is one of the best prognostic indicators of poor outcome. Approximately 30% of neuroblastoma tumours present MYCN amplification at diagnosis. Far less is known about the incidence and consequences of overrepresentation of the gene due to duplication or rearrangement of the chromosome arm in which the gene is situated. This study has analysed 110 neuroblastomas by FISH and has detected a gain of 1–3 copies per cell of MYCN in 8% of MYCN‐non‐amplified tumours. In these primary tumours, cells gained small numbers of additional MYCN genes by two mechanisms: formation of an isochromosome 2p, or an unbalanced translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 2 (with MYCN) and various partner chromosomes. Quantitative RT‐PCR showed three‐ to seven‐fold elevated MYCN expression in three tumours. Although the follow‐up time to date is still short, clinical outcome suggests that low‐level overexpression of the MYCN gene does not enhance tumour aggressiveness and rapidity of disease progression, as is often seen in neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification. It is hypothesized that the small elevation in MYCN expression could alter the regulation of apoptosis, as has been shown in experimental models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of crop and non‐crop plants as sensitive indicator species for regulatory testing
Authors: McKelvey Robert A , Wright John P , Honegger Joy L 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe effectiveness of regulatory non‐target plant testing using crop species to predict the phytotoxicicity of herbicides to non‐crop species was evaluated for eleven herbicides. These herbicides were representative of eight chemical classes and six modes of action. Data for non‐crop plants from pre‐emergence and post‐emergence efficacy screening studies were compared with those for the most sensitive crop species defined by regulatory tests conducted to meet US EPA requirements. Testing under pre‐emergence conditions for ten compounds indicated that for five of the compounds (K‐815910, trifluralin, pyridyloxy A, pyridyloxy B and cyanazine), the most sensitive crop species was more sensitive than all the non‐crop species evaluated. For metsulfuron‐methyl, chlorimuron‐ethyl, hexazinone and bromacil, only one of the non‐crop species evaluated was more sensitive than the most sensitive crop species from regulatory tests. Data for the tenth compound, chloroacetamide, showed that four of 32 non‐crop species tested in efficacy screens had at least one rate at which greater visual effects were observed than were observed for the most sensitive crop response in a regulatory test. The results of post‐emergence exposure comparisons for five of the compounds (pyridyloxy A, cloransulam‐methyl, chlorimuron‐ethyl, cyanazine and hexazinone) indicated that the most sensitive crop species were more sensitive than all the non‐crop species evaluated. Data for pyridyloxy B, metsulfuron‐methyl and bromacil indicated that only one of the non‐crop species evaluated was more sensitive than the most sensitive crop species. For trifluralin, three of the eight non‐crop species were more sensitive than the most sensitive crop species. Data for K‐815910 indicated that four of the fourteen non‐crop species tested were marginally more sensitive than the most sensitive crop, but were within the same range of sensitivity. These results indicate that the current regulatory test batteries and methods using crop species effectively provide suitable sensitive indicator plants for the eleven diverse herbicides evaluated. This comparison indicates that crop species sensitivity to test substances is likely to be representative of non‐crop herbaceous species response, regardless of chemical class, mode of action and magnitude or route of exposure.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Transformation of carrots with mutant acetolactate synthase for Orobanche (broomrape) control
Authors: Aviv Dvora , Amsellem Ziva , Gressel Jonathan 
Published: November 2002

AbstractParasitic Orobanche spp are major constraints to vegetable crop production in the Mediterranean basin (to eastern Europe) and in localized places in India, China and the USA. Transgenic target‐site herbicide resistance (eg, to acetolactate synthase inhibitors) allows for movement of un‐metabolized herbicide through the crop to the photosynthate sink in the parasite, as well as through the soil. We report the successful engineering of a mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene into carrot, allowing control of broomrape already in heterozygotes of the first back‐crossed generation, by imazapyr, an imidazolinone ALS inhibitor. It is expected that homozygotes will have higher levels of resistance.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Persistence and leaching of β‐cyfluthrin in alluvial soil of India
Authors: Gupta Suman , Gajbhiye Vijay T 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPersistence as affected by rate of application and moisture regimes and leaching of β‐cyfluthrin was studied in alluvial soil under laboratory conditions. The effects of rate of application and moisture regimes on persistence were studied by incubating fortified soil at 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg kg−1 under air‐dry, field capacity and submerged moisture regimes. The initial deposits of 0.09, 1.11 and 10.1 mg kg−1 dissipated with time and 78.4–100% loss was recorded at 90 days. The half‐life values varied from 7.8 to 41.8 days. The rate of dissipation decreased as the rate of application increased under field capacity and submerged conditions. However, under air‐dry conditions, the effect was less pronounced, and half‐life values showed a reverse trend. Persistence of β‐cyfluthrin under different moisture regimes followed the trend: air‐dry > field capacity > submerged. The trend could be attributed to the effect of moisture on number and type of microbes. Leaching was studied in a packed soil column under saturated flow conditions. β‐Cyfluthrin was found to be highly immobile in alluvial soil. No residues were detected in any leachate fraction under the experimental conditions. In column soil, residues were detected at 0–10 cm depth and the major amount (>99%) was recovered from 0–5 cm depth. Although β‐cyfluthrin showed moderate persistence in alluvial soil, the possibility of its leaching to ground water is negligible as a result of its immobility.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Fate in the soil of an oil additive of plant origin
Authors: Cecutti C , Agius D , Caussade B , Gaset A 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe methyl ester of oleic acid, a plant oil derivative, can be used as an additive oil for pesticides. We compared the biodegradability in soil of this oil with that of a mineral oil by means of laboratory experiments using lysimeters of 70 cm height × 20 cm diameter. The migration in soil of the oils and of the metabolites of the plant ester over 120 days was examined by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. The plant oil and its metabolites were completely degraded within 60 days, whereas degradation of the mineral oil required 90 days. The molecules did not migrate far into the soil and therefore presented no risk of contaminating groundwater.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl‐substituted benzoylpyrazoles
Authors: Siddall Thomas L , Ouse David G , Benko Zoltan L , Garvin Gail M , Jackson Johnny L , McQuiston Jeffrey M , Ricks Michael J , Thibault Thomas D , Turner James A , VanHeertum John C , Weimer Monte R 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA novel series of substituted 3‐phenyl benzoylpyrazoles were prepared and tested as potential grass herbicides. The targeted materials were prepared by three newly developed synthetic routes, which allowed a comprehensive study of the SAR (structure–activity relationships) of this series. The best combination of grass weed activity (Avena fatua L, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) and wheat selectivity was obtained with an alkoxy group in the 4‐position of the phenyl ring. Activity was further enhanced by the presence of tert‐butyl on the pyrazole and a methyl group at the C‐2 position of the benzoyl moiety. The alkoxy‐substituted 3‐phenylbenzoylpyrazoles are a novel class of herbicides with potential utility for control of important grass weeds in cereals.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Pirimiphos‐methyl and benalaxyl losses in surface runoff from plots cultivated with potatoes
Authors: Patakioutas Georgios I , Karras Georgios , Hela Dimitra , Albanis Triantafyllos A 
Published: November 2002

AbstractLosses of pirimiphos‐methyl and benalaxyl in runoff water from clay soil plots cultivated with potatoes and of differing soil surface slopes were determined over approximately 120 days (1 October 1999–28 January 2000). The plot slopes were 0, 1, 2.5 and 5%, and soil erosion increased with the slope from 610 to 1760 kg ha−1. The runoff of surface water was between 3.1 and 16.6% of the rainfall. Surface runoff was highest for the fifth and seventh runoff events due to rainfall, 51 days and 72 days after the first pesticide application. The maximum concentrations of the two pesticides in runoff occurred in the plots with the greatest slope (5%) during the fifth runoff event, November 21, 1999 reaching 8.4 and 12.3 µg litre−1 for pirimiphos‐methyl and 17.8 and 20.2 µg litre−1 for benalaxyl in tilled and untilled plots respectively. The cumulative losses of pirimiphos‐methyl in surface runoff from tilled and untilled plots with a slope 5% were estimated at only 0.37 and 0.59% of the initial applied active ingredient, respectively, while for plots with a slope 0% the percentages were 0.013 and 0.018%. For benalaxyl the corresponding values from tilled and untilled plots were 1.69 and 1.76% (slope 5%), and 0.062 and 0.085 (slope 0%). Degradation of the pesticides in the topsoil was monitored from October 1999 and May 2000. Cultivation of potatoes decreased the half‐life of the two pesticides compared to the untilled fields, for pirimiphos‐methyl from 16.7 to 9.2 days and for benalaxyl from 26.7 to 12.6 days. The slope of soil surface and the different sorption capacities for the compounds are the main parameters which influenced the transportation of studied pesticides, pirimiphos‐methyl and benalaxyl residues via surface water in soil–water systems.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of anthelmintically active N‐methylated amidoxime analogues of the cyclic octadepsipeptide PF1022A
Authors: Jeschke Peter , Harder Achim , Samson‐Himmelstjerna Georg von , Etzel Winfried , Gau Wolfgang , Thielking Gerhard , Bonse Gerhard 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe N‐methylated amidoxime analogues of the cyclic octadepsipeptide PF1022A represent novel derivatives with activity against Trichinella spiralis Owen and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Lane in vitro and against parasitic nematodes in mice and sheep. Some of them show better activity against Hymenolepis nana Siebold, Heterakis spumosa Schneider and Heligmosomoides polygyrus Dujardin in mice than the natural product PF1022A. In particular an improved efficacy against Haemonchus contortus Rudolphi and Trichostrongylus colubriformis Giles in sheep compared to the potent cyclic octadepsipeptide PF1022A and its mono‐thionated derivative has been observed. Here we report on a specific modification at the N‐methyl amide linkage by using the mono‐thionated PF1022A, resulting in novel anthelmintically active backbone analogues of PF 1022A.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
A refined method for the detection of baculovirus occlusion bodies in forest terrestrial and aquatic habitats
Authors: Ebling Peter M , Holmes Stephen B 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA sensitive and efficient method was developed for the detection of genetically modified and wild‐type baculovirus occlusion bodies (OB) in forest terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The protocol facilitates the analysis of a large number of samples collected and frozen to maintain viral integrity. Lyophilization was used to standardize the size of both field‐collected soil samples and test substrates inoculated with OBs for the determination of minimum detection threshold. To simulate natural conditions, terrestrial test substrates were inoculated at a standardized moisture content determined using a soil pressure plate apparatus. OBs, extracted from lyophilized test substrates by washing, sieving and centrifugation, were subjected to alkaline lysis and viral DNA isolated using a purchased DNA purification kit. PCR amplified DNA was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. Minimum detection thresholds in terrestrial substrates were 103, 102, 102 and 101 OBs from 0.5 g of lyophilized L, F‐H and mineral soil horizons, and 1.0 ml of leachate, respectively. Detection thresholds in aquatic substrates were 100 and 103 OBs from 1.0 ml of pond water and 1.0 g of bottom sediment, respectively.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Weed control in rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium spp)
Authors: Kothari Sushil K , Singh Chandra P , Singh Kamla 
Published: November 2002

AbstractField investigations were carried out during 1999 and 2000 to identify effective chemical/cultural methods of weed control in rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium spp). The treatments comprised pre‐emergence applications of oxyfluorfen (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 kg AI ha−1) and pendimethalin (0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 kg AI ha−1), successive hand weeding, hoeing and mulching using spent of lemon grass (at 5 tonnes ha−1) 45 days after planting (DAP), three hand‐weedings 30, 60 and 90 DAP, weed‐free (frequent manual weeding) and weedy control. Broad‐leaf weeds were more predominant than grass and sedge weeds, accounting for 85.8% weed density and 93.0% weed dry weight in 1999 and 77.2% weed density and 93.9% weed dry weight in 2000. Unrestricted weed growth significantly reduced geranium oil yield, by 61.6% and 70.6% in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Pre‐emergence application of pendimethalin (0.75–1.00 kg AI ha−1) or oxyfluorfen (0.25 kg AI ha−1), successive hand‐weeding, hoeing and mulching and three hand‐weedings were highly effective in reducing weed density and dry weight and gave oil yield comparable to the weed‐free check. Application of oxyfluorfen (0.15 or 0.20 kg AI ha−1) and pendimethalin (0.50 kg AI ha−1) were less effective in controlling the weed species in geranium. None of the herbicides impaired the quality of rose‐scented geranium oil measured in terms of citronellol and geraniol content.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Ethoxylated rapeseed oil derivatives as novel adjuvants for herbicides
Authors: Müller Thomas , Brancq Bernard , Milius Alain , Okori Nathalie , Vaille Claude , Gauvrit Christian 
Published: November 2002

AbstractEthoxylates of rapeseed oil and of methylated rapeseed oil were synthesized and tested as adjuvants for 2,4‐D and phenmedipham. Provided they had less than 6 units of ethylene oxide (EO), 1.0 to 10 g litre−1 ethoxylates in water induced droplet spreading on barley leaves. In an acetone‐based medium all derivatives strongly promoted the foliar uptake of 2,4‐D, with no clear influence of the ethoxylation degree. In the same medium there was a negative influence of ethoxylate chain length on the foliar uptake of phenmedipham. In a water‐based medium, phenmedipham applied with rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (20 EO) rapeseed oil displayed uptake rates close to a commercial preparation. The same was true for phenmedipham applied with ethoxylated (2 EO) methylated rapeseed oil. In bioassays, phenmedipham prepared with methylated rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (20 EO) rapeseed oil was as efficacious on barley as a commercial formulation. The same was true for phenmedipham prepared with ethoxylated (2 EO) methylated rapeseed oil. However, neither rapeseed oil nor methylated rapeseed oil emulsified with ethoxylated (2 EO) methylated rapeseed oil conferred good efficacy to phenmedipham. Hence, ethoxylated rapeseed oil derivatives are promising adjuvants or formulants for herbicides.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of novel N‐(S‐amino)sulfenylated derivatives of diacylhydrazines
Authors: Wang Qingmin , Cheng Junran , Huang Runqin 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA series of new N‐(S‐amino)sulfenylated derivatives of diacylhydrazines were synthesized by the reaction of S‐aminosulfenyl chlorides with N‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐benzoyl‐N‐substituted benzoylhydrazines in the presence of sodium hydride, and evaluated for moulting hormone mimicking activity. In the course of syntheses, NN bond cleavage in diacylhydrazines was found and the reaction was studied in some detail. The results of bioassay showed that the title compounds exhibit excellent larvicidal activity. Toxicity assays indicated that these compounds can induce a premature, abnormal and lethal larval mount.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Insecticidal activity of N‐arylalkylbenzhydrolpiperidines
Authors: Wierenga Joel M , Warkentin Dennis L , Staetz Charles A , Pitts Daniel L , Dybas Jane A 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBenzhydrolpiperidine (BZP) insecticides represent a novel class of chemistry. Their specificity and efficacy as well as their low mammalian toxicity give them excellent potential for commercialization. Several N‐arylalkylbenzhydrolpiperidines were tested for activity against a variety of insects in the laboratory and greenhouse. These tests were used to select compounds for field trials and determine rates of application for field tests. The BZP compounds have good activity against Lepidoptera, with modest Coleoptera activity. They are toxic by oral administration and have about 100‐fold lower activity by topical exposure. A methyl carbamate BZP, F4265, was the most active compound, with LC50 values of 6 mg litre−1 or less for most Lepidopteran species tested. F4265 was active in a variety of field trials at 112–224 g AI ha−1. Whole‐plant testing methods conducted in the greenhouse were effective in determining field test rates.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation and characterization of efficient isoxaben‐transforming Microbacterium sp strains from four European soils
Authors: Arrault Sandra , Desaint Stephane , Catroux Colette , Sémon Etienne , Mougin Christian , Fournier Jean Claude 
Published: November 2002

AbstractNutrient‐agar plates containing isoxaben (500 mg litre−1) were used to isolate isoxaben‐metabolising bacteria from four European soils incubated with the herbicide under laboratory conditions. In flask experiments, inoculation of a basal salts medium containing nitrogen and [phenyl‐U‐14C]isoxaben with an isolate (B2b) resulted in 33% recovery of the initial radioactivity as [14C]carbon dioxide after 2 weeks. A major metabolite identified by GC–MS and NMR analysis as 3‐(1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpropyl)isoxazol‐5‐ylamine accumulated both in basal salts and nutrient broth media. 2,6‐Dimethoxybenzoic acid, a suspected metabolite of isoxaben, was not detected in either liquid media. However, the capability of the B2b isolate to use 2,6‐dimethoxybenzoic acid as a source of carbon was demonstrated. Soil inoculation with the B2b strain resulted in an increase in the recovery of [14C]carbon dioxide from both [phenyl‐U‐14C] and [isoxazole‐5‐14C]isoxaben. The metabolite identified as 3‐(1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpropyl)isoxazole‐5‐ylamine only accumulated if the soil was autoclaved before inoculation. This metabolite was rapidly mineralized by the microflora of a natural soil without history of isoxaben treatment. Homology patterns of sequenced 16S rDNA between isoxaben‐transforming isolates and reference strains showed that the four isolates identified belonged to the genus Microbacterium.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry