bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the PKC inhibitor PD 406976 on cell cycle progression, proliferation, PKC isozymes and apoptosis in glioma and SVG‐transformed glial cells
Authors: Russell C. , Acevedo‐Duncan M. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract.  It is well established that protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are involved in the proliferation of glioma cells. However, reports differ on which PKC isozymes are responsible for glioma proliferation. As a means to further elucidate this, the objectives of our research were to determine how inhibition of PKC‐α, PKC‐β and PKCµ with PD 406976 regulates the cell cycle, cell proliferation and PKC during glioma growth and development. To establish the cell cycle effects of PD 406976 on brain cells (SVG, U‐138MG and U‐373MG glioma cells), specimens were treated with either dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; control) or PD 406976 (2 µm). Results from flow cytometry demonstrated that PD 406976 delayed the entry DNA synthesis phase in SVG cells and delayed the number of cells entering and exiting the DNA synthesis phase in both U‐138MG and U‐373MG cells, indicating that PD 406976 may inhibit G1/S and S phase progression. Assessment of cell viability demonstrated a cytostatic effect of PD 406976 on SVG, U‐138MG and U‐373MG glioma cell proliferation. The PD 406976‐induced decreased proliferation was sustained at 48–96 h. A PKC activity assay was quantified and demonstrated that exposure of SVG and U‐373MG glioma cells to PD 406976 suppressed PKC activity. Western blotting demonstrated reduced PKC‐β1, PKC‐γ and PKC‐τ protein content in cells treated with PD 406976. We determined that the growth inhibitory effect of PD 406976 was not as a result of apoptosis.
Anisotropy from full waveform inversion of multicomponent seismic data using a hybrid optimization method
Authors: Ji Ying , Singh Satish C. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTSeismic waveforms contain valuable information about the media, but the waveform inversion is a non‐linear problem. We present a waveform inversion method that combines a local optimization method with a genetic algorithm to determine the anisotropic parameters of a horizontally stratified medium. Synthetic seismograms for a horizontally stratified anisotropic medium are calculated using the reflectivity technique. In the initial stage of the inversion, the global space‐sampling properties of the genetic algorithm are used to direct the search to the region close to the global solution. This solution is then further improved using a conjugate‐gradient method. The numerical experiments performed with noisy synthetic data show that our hybrid optimization method satisfactorily reconstructs the anisotropic parameters at a reasonable computing cost while the range of slowness is adequate. We found that (i) for small‐angle data neither single‐ nor multiple‐component data are sufficient to determine the anisotropic parameters uniquely; (ii) for medium‐angle data the multiple‐component data are sufficient to determine the anisotropic parameters exactly whereas the single‐component data are not sufficient; and (iii) for wide‐angle data, either single‐ or multiple‐component data are sufficient to determine the anisotropic parameters accurately.
Velocity–porosity relationships: Predictive velocity model for cemented sands composed of multiple mineral phases
Authors: Knackstedt Mark A. , Arns Christoph H. , Val Pinczewski W. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTComputer simulations are used to calculate the elastic properties of model cemented sandstones composed of two or more mineral phases. Two idealized models are considered – a grain‐overlap clay/quartz mix and a pore‐lining clay/quartz mix. Unlike experimental data, the numerical data exhibit little noise yet cover a wide range of quartz/cement ratios and porosities. The results of the computations are in good agreement with experimental data for clay‐bearing consolidated sandstones.The effective modulus of solid mineral mixtures is found to be relatively insensitive to microstructural detail. It is shown that the Hashin–Shtrikman average is a good estimate for the modulus of the solid mineral mixtures. The distribution of the cement phase is found to have little effect on the computed modulus–porosity relationships. Numerical data for dry and saturated states confirm that Gassmann's equations remain valid for porous materials composed of multiple solid constituents. As noted previously, the Krief relationship successfully describes the porosity dependence of the dry shear modulus, and a recent empirical relationship provides a good estimate for the dry‐rock Poisson's ratio.From the numerical computations, a new empirical model, which requires only a knowledge of system mineralogy, is proposed for the modulus–porosity relationship of isotropic dry or fluid‐saturated porous materials composed of multiple solid constituents. Comparisons with experimental data for clean and shaly sandstones and computations for more complex, three‐mineral (quartz/dolomite/clay) systems show good agreement with the proposed model over a very wide range of porosities.
Non-Stationary Spatiotemporal Analysis of Karst Water Levels
Authors: Dryden I. L. , Márkus L. , Taylor C. C. , Kovács J. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryWe consider non-stationary spatiotemporal modelling in an investigation into karst water levels in western Hungary. A strong feature of the data set is the extraction of large amounts of water from mines, which caused the water levels to reduce until about 1990 when the mining ceased, and then the levels increased quickly. We discuss some traditional hydrogeological models which might be considered to be appropriate for this situation, and various alternative stochastic models. In particular, a separable space–time covariance model is proposed which is then deformed in time to account for the non-stationary nature of the lagged correlations between sites. Suitable covariance functions are investigated and then the models are fitted by using weighted least squares and cross-validation. Forecasting and prediction are carried out by using spatiotemporal kriging. We assess the performance of the method with one-step-ahead forecasting and make comparisons with naïve estimators. We also consider spatiotemporal prediction at a set of new sites. The new model performs favourably compared with the deterministic model and the naïve estimators, and the deformation by time shifting is worthwhile.
Increased fetal RhD gene in the maternal circulation in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Cotter Amanda M. , Martin Cara M. , O'Leary John J. , Daly Sean F. 
Published: April 2005

Objective  To determine whether the fetal RhD gene is present in the maternal circulation in early pregnancy prior to the clinical manifestation of pre‐eclampsia.Design  This is a nested case–control study.Setting  Blood samples were obtained from patients attending for a first antenatal visit.Sample  Cases were asymptomatic RhD negative women (n= 23) who subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia matched to RhD negative controls (n= 23) for parity and gestational age.Methods  Real time PCR using TaqMan primers and probes directed against the RhD gene quantified fetal DNA in the maternal circulation.Main outcome measures Quantity of RhD gene detected.Results  As the copy number of RhD gene per millilitre of whole blood at 15 weeks of gestation increased, there was a significantly increased risk of developing pre‐eclampsia. There was a graded association between copy number of RhD gene in early pregnancy and severity of disease with controls having 6942, mild pre‐eclamptics 83,273 and severe pre‐eclamptics 285,793 copies/mL (logscale 3.6, 4.0 and 4.5, respectively).Conclusion  Increased fetal RhD gene is present in the maternal circulation in early pregnancy in women who subsequently develop pre‐eclampsia and there appears to be a graded response between the quantity of fetal DNA and severity of pre‐eclampsia.
Antioxidants and preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes
Authors: Mathews Fiona , Neil Andrew 
Published: April 2005

Objective  To investigate the relationships of dietary intakes and serum levels of antioxidant nutrients to the risk of prelabour rupture of the membranes preterm (PPROM).Design  A prospective observational cohort study.Setting  A district general hospital in the south of England.Population  Eight hundred and twelve white nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies.Methods  Serum antioxidant concentrations and dietary intakes were measured in the second trimester. Associations with the risk of PPROM were investigated.Main outcome measure  Preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes.Result  Serum concentrations of the antioxidant lutein, but no other nutrient, was associated with the risk of PPROM. Maternal smoke exposure (serum cotinine) also predicted PPROM. Women with high serum lutein concentrations (top third) in early pregnancy had four times greater risk than women in the lowest third (95% CI 1.3–11.9; P= 0.009) after adjusting for smoke exposure. Similar results were obtained using lutein levels from later pregnancy.Conclusion  We found no evidence that antioxidant nutrients are protective against PPROM. Rather, high levels of lutein were associated with an increased risk.
Vergleich der Wirksamkeit verschiedener topischer Glukokortikoidcremes und ‐salben im Vasokonstriktionstest: Überlegenheit von Hydrocortisonbutyrat gegenüber Hydrocortison
Authors: Korting Hans Christian , Maslen Kirstin , Groß Gabi , Willers Christoph 
Published: April 2005

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Topische Glukokortikoide sind Mittel der ersten Wahl zur Behandlung zahlreicher entzündlicher und hyperproliferativer Hauterkrankungen. Der Vasokonstriktionstest eignet sich zur Bestimmung der Wirkstärke von Kortikoiden. Patienten und Methode: In die vorliegenden Studie wurden insgesamt 60 hautgesunde Probanden eingeschlossen. Drei Kortikoide und eine korrespondierende wirkstofffreie Grundlage wurden auf Basis von Creme‐ und Salben‐Zubereitungen in einer doppelblinden, randomisierten, intra‐individuellen klinischen Studie an hautgesunden Probanden mittels Vasokonstriktionstest untersucht. Es wurden die Wirkstärken von Hydrocortison, Hydrocortison‐17‐butyrat und Mometasonfuroat sowie Hydrocortison‐17‐butyrat und Placebo im Vergleich bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Summenscores der klinischen Beurteilung betrugen für Hydrocortison 34 (Creme) und 18 (Salbe), für Hydrocortisonbutyrat 47 (Creme) und 55 (Salbe) und für Mometasonfuroat 57 (Creme) und 50 (Salbe). Der in der Chromametrie bestimmte Abblaßeffekt betrug für Hydrocortison 1,73 (Creme) und 1,48 (Salbe), für Hydrocortisonbutyrat 2,87 (Creme) und 3,26 (Salbe) und für Mometasonfuroat 2,98 (Creme) und 2,84 (Salbe). Schlußfolgerungen: Bei der klinischen und chromametrischen Beurteilung der Vasokonstriktion wurde eine Wirksamkeit aller Verumzubereitungen gezeigt, wobei sich Hydrocortisonbutyrat als überlegen gegenüber Hydrocortison erwies.
ProGenExpress: Visualization of quantitative data on prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Watson Michael 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Background
The integration of genomic information with quantitative experimental data is a key component of systems biology. An increasing number of microbial genomes are being sequenced, leading to an increasing amount of data from post-genomics technologies. The genomes of prokaryotes contain many structures of interest, such as operons, pathogenicity islands and prophage sequences, whose behaviour is of interest during infection and disease. There is a need for simple and novel tools to display and analyse data from these integrated datasets, and we have developed ProGenExpress as a tool for visualising arbitrarily complex numerical data in the context of prokaryotic genomes.

Results
Here we describe ProGenExpress, an R package that allows researchers to easily and quickly visualize quantitative measurements, such as those produced by microarray experiments, in the context of the genome organization of sequenced prokaryotes. Data from microarrays, proteomics or other whole-genome technologies can be accurately displayed on the genome. ProGenExpress can also search for novel regions of interest that consist of groups of adjacent genes that show similar patterns across the experimental data set. We demonstrate ProGenExpress with microarray data from a time-course experiment involving Salmonella typhimurium.

Conclusion
ProGenExpress can be used to visualize quantitative data from complex experiments in the context of the genome of sequenced prokaryotes, and to find novel regions of interest.
Intracellular immunity to HIV-1: newly defined retroviral battles inside infected cells
Authors: Zheng Yong-Hui , Peterlin B Matija 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Studies of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continue to enrich eukaryotic biology and immunology. Recent advances have defined factors that function after viral entry and prevent the replication of proviruses in the infected cell. Some of these attack directly viral structures whereas others edit viral genetic material during reverse transcription. Together, they provide strong and immediate intracellular immunity against incoming pathogens. These processes also offer a tantalizing glimpse at basic cellular mechanisms that might restrict the movement of mobile genetic elements and protect the genome.
Enzymatic profiling of human kallikrein 14 using phage-display substrate technology
Authors: Felber Loyse M. , Borgoño Carla A. , Cloutier Sylvain M. , Kündig Christoph , Kishi Tadaaki , Chagas Jair Ribeiro , Jichlinski Patrice , Gygi Christian M. , Leisinger Hans-Jürg , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Deperthes David 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe humanKLK14gene is one of the newly identified serine protease genes belonging to the human kallikrein family, which contains 15 members.KLK14, like all other members of the human kallikrein family, is predicted to encode for a secreted serine protease already found in various biological fluids. This new kallikrein is mainly expressed in prostate and endocrine tissues, but its function is still unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated thatKLK14gene expression is up-regulated in prostate and breast cancer tissues, and that higher expression levels correlate with more aggressive tumors. In this work, we used phage-display substrate technology to study the substrate specificity of hK14. A phage-displayed random pentapeptide library with exhaustive diversity was screened with purified recombinant hK14. Highly specific and sensitive substrates were selected from the library. We show that hK14 has dual activity, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like, with a preference for cleavage after arginine residues. A SwissProt database search with selected sequences identified six potential human protein substrates for hK14. Two of them, laminin α-5 and collagen IV, which are major components of the extracellular matrix, have been demonstrated to be hydrolyzed efficiently by hK14.
Determination of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to the evaluation of CYP2D6 genotype and debrisoquine metabolic ratio relationship
Authors: Dorado Pedro , Berecz Roland , Cáceres Macarena C. , González Idilio , Cobaleda Jesús , LLerena Adrián 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP2D6 is involved in the metabolism of several clinically important drugs. So far more than 50 different
Assessment of iodine intake in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women by a new automated kinetic urinary iodine determination method
Authors: Gültepe Mustafa , Özcan Ömer , Metin İpçioglu Osman 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMaternal iodine deficiency can compromise the thyroid status of the mother, fetus and newborn child. Therefore, it is important to assess the iodine excretion level of groups of pregnant women. In this study we aimed to determine iodine intake in pregnancy using a recently reported automated kinetic method for urinary iodine determination. Urinary iodine measurements of 123 pregnant women (18 first, 28 second and 77 third trimester) were carried out using a new automated kinetic assay based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction at 37°C and its kinetic measurement at 340nm in a random-access automated analyzer after ammonium persulfate digestion at 95°C in a water bath with ±0.1°C precision. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software. Whole group, first trimester, second trimester and third trimester urinary iodine concentrations (mean±SD) in pregnant women were 1.13±0.81, 1.08±0.71, 0.86±0.58 and 1.27±0.87μmol/L, respectively. The urinary iodine concentration significantly increased with gestational age (p<0.05). We found that our study group was mildly iodine-deficient according to WHO criteria. Furthermore, the pregnant women were found to be mildly iodine-deficient in the first and third trimesters and moderately so in the second trimester. The only statistical difference was between second and third trimester values (p<0.05). Even though the increased iodine deficiency in the second trimester is not useful for early detection of iodine deficiency in pregnancy, the severity of this deficiency in the second trimester may lead to important effects on thyroid metabolism for both mother and fetus. Our study suggests that the iodine excretion of pregnant women living in iodine-deficient areas could be assessed using this fast and automated method.
A quantitative appraisal of interference by icodextrin metabolites in point-of-care glucose analyses
Authors: Apperloo Joke J. , Vader Huib L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn important number of patients dependent on renal dialysis prefer peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis. In the case of peritoneal dialysis, the glucose polymer icodextrin is frequently added to the dialysis fluid as an osmotic agent, since this polymer is able to maintain an osmotic gradient across the peritoneal membrane longer than monomeric glucose, leading to a prolonged effective ultrafiltration time. It was previously shown that icodextrin is partly able to enter the blood via the lymphatic system, where hydrolysis to glucose oligomers such as maltose and maltotriose occurs. The presence of these oligomers in the blood appears to cause significant overestimations of the glucose values in several point-of-care (POC) glucose analyzers, with potentially dramatic consequences. This effect has been investigated for a series of POC glucose analyzers, both by analyzing the blood of peritoneal dialysis patients and by an in vitro investigation of the quantitative effects of maltose and maltotriose. In particular, POC analyzers utilizing the bacterially produced enzyme glucose dehydrogenase seem to lack glucose specificity.
Soluble transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-ferritin index in iron deficiency anemia and anemia in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Margetic Sandra , Topic Elizabeta , Ferenec Ruzic Dragica , Kvaternik Marina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of soluble transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-ferritin index (sTfR/logF) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, as well as the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and anemia in rheumatoid arthritis. The study included 96 patients with anemia and 61 healthy volunteers as a control group. In healthy subjects there were no significant sex and age differences in the parameters tested. The study results showed these parameters to be reliable in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, as well as in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. The results indicate that sTfR/logF could be used to help differentiate coexisting iron deficiency in patients with anemia of chronic disease. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a higher discriminating power of transferrin receptor-ferritin index vs. soluble transferrin receptor in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, as well as in the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. In patients with anemia in rheumatoid arthritis, the parameters tested showed no significant differences with respect to C-reactive protein concentration. These results suggested that the parameters tested are not affected by acute or chronic inflammatory disease.
Projecting the Future Registered Nurse Workforce After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Auerbach David I. , Buerhaus Peter I. , Donelan Karen , Staiger Douglas O. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceHealth care delivery systems rely on a well-prepared and adequately sized registered nurse (RN) workforce. The US RN workforce decreased by more than 100 000 in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic—a far greater single-year drop than observed over the past 4 decades. The implication for the longer-term growth of the RN workforce is unknown.ObjectiveTo describe recent trends in RN employment through 2023 and forecast the growth of the RN workforce through 2035.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsDescriptive analysis of recent trends since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in RN employment using data from the US Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey and including employed RNs aged 23 to 69 years from 1982 through 2023, and retrospective cohort analysis of employment trends by birth year and age to project the age distribution and employment of RNs through 2035.Main Outcome and MeasuresAnnual full-time equivalent (FTE) employment of RNs by age, demographics, and sector of employment; forecast of RN workforce by age through 2035.ResultsThe final sample included 455 085 RN respondents aged 23 to 69 years. After a sharp decline in 2021, RN employment recovered, and the total number of FTE RNs in 2022 and 2023 was 6% higher than in 2019 (3.35 million vs 3.16 million, respectively). Using data on employment, education, and population through 2022, the size of the RN workforce was projected to increase by roughly 1.2 million FTEs to 4.56 million by 2035, close to prepandemic forecasts. Growth will be driven primarily by RNs aged 35 to 49 years, who are projected to compose nearly half (47%) of the RN workforce in 2035, up from 38% in 2022.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, the rebound in the total size of the US RN workforce during 2022 and 2023 indicates that the earlier drop in RN employment during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic was likely transitory. Updated forecasts of the future RN workforce are very close to those made before the pandemic.