bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust of selected Australian spring and English winter wheat varieties
Authors: Singh D. , Park R. F. , Mcintosh R. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGenetic studies were conducted to gain an understanding of the inheritance of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust in six common wheat varieties. The Australian varieties ‘Cranbrook’ and ‘Harrier’ each carry two genes for APR to leaf rust. These genes are genetically independent of the seedling resistance genes Lr23 and Lrl7b, carried by the respective varieties. Adult plant resistance in ‘Suneca’ was conferred by at least two genes, in addition to the seedling genes Lr1 and Lrli. It is likely that the APRs in ‘Cranbrook’, ‘Harrier’ and ‘Suneca’ are conferred by uncharacterized gene(s). Tests of allelism confirmed that seedling resistances in the varieties ‘Avocet R’, ‘Hereward’, ‘Moulin’ and ‘Pastiche’ are conferred by Lrli. Adult plant resistance in the variety ‘Hereward’ was inherited monogenically, whereas varieties ‘Moulin’ and ‘Pastiche’ each carried two dominant genes. On the basis of rust specificity and pedigree analysis, it would seem likely that the APR genes in ‘Hereward’, ‘Moulin’ and ‘Pastiche’ are also currently uncharacterized.
Characterization of QEet.ocs‐5A.1, a quantitative trait locus for ear emergence time on wheat chromosome 5AL
Authors: Kato K. , Miura H. , Sawada S. , McIntosh R. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract QEet.ocs‐5A.1, a quantitative trait locus controlling ear emergence time, has been detected on wheat chromosome 5AL using single chromosome recombinant lines (SCRs) developed from a cross between ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) (‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ 5A) and CS (Triticum spelta 5A). This locus has little influence on grain yield and its components, and thus has breeding potential for changing ear emergence time without yield reduction. To characterize the phenotypic expression of QEet.ocs.1 and to test its interaction with the Vrn‐A1 gene for vernalization response, six near‐isogenic SCRs differing for these two gene regions were grown together with the parental controls under different vernalization and photoperiod regimes. The T. spelta allele of QEet.ocs.1 accelerated heading time when vernalization and photoperiod were satisfied, demonstrating that the function of this QTL is earliness per se. There was no interaction between Vrn‐A1 and QEet.ocs.1.
Synthesis of somatic hybrids (RCBB) by fusing heat‐tolerant Raphanus sativus (RR) and Brassica oleracea (CC) with Brassica nigra (BB)
Authors: Arumugam N. , Mukhopadhyay A. , Gupta V. , Sodhi Y. S. , Verma J. K. , Pental D. , Pradhan A. K. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Brassica carinata (BBCC), a potential oilseed crop for dry land agriculture, is sensitive to high temperatures during germination and early stages of growth, which thereby restricts the possibility of using the residual soil moisture available after the rainy season for its cultivation. To overcome this problem, a three‐genome hybrid, RCBB, was synthesized using Raphanus sativus (RR) and Brassica oleracea (CC) as donor sources for the desired heat tolerance. Protoplasts of RC hybrids obtained through sexual crosses between R. sativus (female) and B. oleracea (male) were fused with protoplasts of Brassica nigra (BB) to produce RCBB somatic hybrids. The hybrid colonies regenerated with an average frequency of 7.6%. Twelve out of 36 hybrids grown to maturity were characterized for their nuclear and organelle genomes. While all the hybrids showed the presence of B. nigra chloroplasts, 10 of the hybrids showed B. nigra‐specific mitochondria and two had Raphanus‐spedfic mitochondria. The somatic hybrids could be backcrossed to B. carinata.
Modification of sunflower oil quality by seed‐specific expression of a heterologous Δ9‐stearoyl‐(acyl carrier protein) desaturase gene
Authors: Rousselin P. , Molinier J. , Himber C. , Schontz D. , Prieto‐Dapena P. , Jordano J. , Martini N. , Weber S. , Horn R. , Ganssmann M. , Grison R. , Pagniez M. , Toppan A. , Friedt W. , Hahne G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe coding sequence of Δ9‐stearoyl‐(acyl carrier protein) desaturase from Ricinus communis was introduced into sunflower, under the control of seed‐specific promoter and terminator sequences of the late embryogenesis abundant gene from sunflower, Hads10. Two independent primary transformants contained three and six copies of the T‐DNA, as demonstrated by hybridization using nptII as a probe. The transgene proved genetically stable and was transmitted as a Mendelian trait. Transcript analysis of the heterologous Δ9‐stearoyl‐(acyl carrier protein) desaturase under control of the Hads10 promoter verified tissue‐specific expression in the developing embryos and not in the leaves. Fatty acid composition of the seed oil was followed over five generations under greenhouse and open field conditions. Some of the transgenic lines produced oil with a significantly reduced stearic acid content compared with non‐transformed plants under greenhouse and field conditions. However, additional studies need to be performed to assess whether or not physiologically stable lines can be developed from these transgenic lines.
In vitro somatic embryogenesis in turf‐type bermudagrass: roles of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid, and occurrence of secondary somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Li L. , Qu R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBermudagrass is an important warm‐season turfgrass species that is recalcitrant in regeneration in tissue culture. In a previous report, we observed that somatic embryogenesis of immature inflorescence culture was substantially improved when low levels of 2,4‐dichloro‐phenoxy acetic acid (1 mg/l) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP, 0.01 mg/l) were included in the callus induction medium. The object of this study was to further improve the culture conditions to enhance somatic embryo formation and plantlet regeneration. It was shown that the abscisic acid supplement (2 or 5 mg/l) to the above callus induction medium further enhanced somatic embryogenesis in hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon×Cynodon transvaalensis) cv. ‘Tifgreen’. The addition of gibberellic acid (0. 2 mg/l) to the BAP (1 mg/l)‐containing regeneration medium accelerated germination/regeneration of the somatic embryos. Secondary and repetitive somatic embryogenesis, which is rarely reported in monocots, was observed in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon, cv. ‘Savannah’), and a full course of such a development was captured by a periodical microphotography. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed the observation.
Homoeological relationships between the f chromosome of Brassica rapa and the e chromosome of Brassica oleracea
Authors: Kaneko Y. , Nagasawa N. , Bang S. W. , Matsuzawa Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEight plants of the putative double monosomic addition line (DMAL, 2n= 20) were developed by crossing a monosomic chromosome addition line of radish [f(A)‐type monosomic addition line (MAL) (2n= 19)] carrying the f chromosome of Brassica rapa (2n= 20, AA) with another [e(C)‐type MAL (2n= 19)] having the echromosome of Brassica oleracea (2n= 18, CC). The homoeological relationships between the two alien chromosomes were investigated by morphological, cytogenetic and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Seventeen morphological traits that were not present in the radish cv. ‘Shogoin’ were observed in both MALs and these traits were substantially exhibited in DMAL plants. At the first metaphase of pollen mother cells (PMCs), the two parental MALs showed a chromosome configuration of 9II +1I, demonstrating impossibility of recombination between the R and the added chromosomes. The DMALs formed 10II in approximately 73% of PMCs, with one bivalent showing loose pairing between two chromosomes differing in size. In an attempt to identify the two MALs by RAPD‐specific markers using 26 selected random primers, 13 and 20 bands were specific for the f(A)‐type and the e(C)‐type MALs, respectively; 12 bands were common to both MALs (26.7%). In conclusion, the f chromosome of B. rapa is homoeologous to the e chromosome of B. oleracea. The genetic domain (genes) for 17 morphological traits are linked to each homoeologous chromosome bearing 27% of the corresponding RAPD markers.
Genetic markers for manganese efficiency in durum wheat
Authors: Khabaz‐Saberi H. , Graham R. D. , Pallotta M. A. , Rathjen A. J. , Williams K. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractManganese (Mn) deficiency is a major constraint of alkaline soils around the world, particularly for cultivation of durum wheat, which is more intolerant of low Mn levels than either common wheat or barley. Genetic variation for Mn efficiency exists in the current germplasm of durum wheat. Several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) previously shown to be linked to the Mel1 locus for Mn efficiency on chromosome 4HS of barley were tested on 88 selected F2 plants of the durum cross, ‘Stojocri 2’ (Mn efficient) ×‘Hazar’ (Mn inefficient). The Mel1‐linked RFLP marker Xcdo583a was closely linked to the trait and explained over 42% of the total variation for Mn efficiency in the ‘Stojocri 2’/‘Hazar’ F2 progeny. This marker has the potential to provide a valuable tool for the marker‐assisted selection of Mn‐efficient durum progeny derived from crosses with ‘Stojocri 2’.
Effectiveness of selection for quality traits during the early stage in the potato breeding population
Authors: Xiong X. , Tai G. C. C. , Seabrook J. E. A. , Wehling P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPotato cultivars resistant to cold‐temperature sweetening are of major importance to the processing industry producing both chips (crisps) and French fries. When most modern potato cultivars are maintained in cold storage to retard sprouting, the tubers accumulate reducing sugars, and the products become an unacceptable brown colour when fried. Selection for better processing quality during the early generations of a breeding programme could be of considerable advantage. Using a portable ‘sugarmeter’, which requires only a drop of sap from the tuber on a test strip, many samples can be efficiently surveyed for low sugar as early as the F1 generation. Using seedlings of three test crosses, glucose and specific gravity of field‐grown tubers, minitubers from greenhouses and microtubers from in vitro culture were compared after cold treatment. Although the mean glucose levels of minitubers and microtubers were higher than field‐grown tubers, the correlation between the glucose contents of the three types of tubers was fairly high. A considerable genetic improvement was noted when progenies were grown as minitubers or microtubers, even though the response to selection for low glucose levels in minitubers and microtubers was lower than from direct selection from field‐grown tubers. The specific gravity of field‐grown tubers showed a significant association with freshly harvested minitubers and microtubers. Selection for low glucose content in minitubers can therefore save considerable resources in a breeding programme.
Effects of selection on early stage genetic evaluation for berry weight in breeding table grapes
Authors: Wei X. , Sykes S. R. , Clingeleffer P. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effects of random and directional selection on estimates of heritability and estimated breeding values were investigated using data collected for grape berry weight during seasons 1999 and 2000 from the CSIRO table grape breeding population. In 1999, all berry‐bearing vines available (4834) were assessed, while in 2000 a randomly selected sample of 1344 vines was evaluated. In addition, a simulated directional selection was imposed such that the berry weights for half of the vines with lighter berries sampled in 2000 were discarded to produce a biased data set. The results showed that heritability of berry weight in 2000 was biased downward and estimated breeding values were over‐ or under‐estimated if analyses were based on directionally selected data sets alone. By incorporating data from 1999 into bivariate analyses, bias in heritability and EBV could be eliminated to a large extent. The implications for grapevine breeding are discussed.
Genetic control of resistance to the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae in the wild species Brassica fruticulosa
Authors: Pink D. A. C. , Kift N. B. , Ellis P. R. , Mcclement S. J. , Lynn J. , Tatchell G. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractInitial studies have shown variable resistance in Brassica fruticulosa to the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae The aim of this work was to fix high levels of resistance to B. brassicae in true breeding lines of B. fruticulosa and obtain data on the genetic control of resistance. Plants from initially variable B. fruticulosa accessions were selfed to produce inbred resistant and susceptible lines that were studied in three separate experiments to determine the extent to which resistance to B. brassicae had been fixed. Results from three experiments using successive generations of resistant and susceptible inbred lines showed that continued selection resulted in resistant inbred lines that supported an average of three aphids per plant compared with an average of 96 aphids per plant for susceptible inbred lines. Data collected from an experiment determining the resistant phenotype of lines including the selfed progenies and the F1 and F2 progeny of a cross between resistant and susceptible individual plants indicated that the resistance was not controlled by a single gene.
Postovulatory Effect of Intravenous Administration of Lipopolysaccharide (E. coli, O55:B5) on the Contractile Activity of the Oviduct, Ova Transport, Binding of Accessory Spermatozoa to the Zona Pellucida and Embryo Development in Sows
Authors: Mwanza AM , Rodríguez‐Martínez H , Kindahl H , Einarsson S 
Published: March 2003

ContentsThe effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (E. coli, O55:B5), administered 18 h after ovulation in the second oestrus after weaning, on the contractile activity of the oviduct, ova transport, sperm binding to zona pellucida (ZP) and embryo development, was studied in 14 Swedish crossbred (Landrace Yorkshire) multiparous sows. The endotoxin group (E‐group) sows were administered with 300 ng/kg of LPS while the control group (C‐group) sows were administered with 5 ml of saline i.v. via an indwelling jugular cannula. Immediately after evidence of standing oestrus, a Millar® pressure transducer was placed intraluminally about 3 cm into the mid‐isthmus, via laparotomy. Pressure recordings of the oviduct were collected from all conscious sows until slaughter. After slaughter, the genital tract opposite to the side with the transducer was retrieved, and three equal isthmic segments and the first third of the uterine horn part adjacent to the utero‐tubal‐junction (UTJ) were flushed separately to recover the ova. The intervals (mean±SD) from ovulation to slaughter (OS) and insemination to ovulation (IO) were not different between the E‐group (44.5±5.7 h; 13.3±6.5 h) and the C‐group (42.7±5.9 h; 14.8±4.1 h), respectively. Ova recovery rate (RR) in the E‐group (80.2±22.9%) did not differ from that in the C‐group (85.2±4.5%). The frequency distribution of ova recovered in the different segments did not significantly (p>0.05) differ between the groups. The E‐group showed higher cleavage rate than controls. A higher proportion of spermatozoa bound to the ZP was also found in the E‐group compared with controls. The isthmic intraluminal pressure slightly increased (p=0.07) 18 h after ovulation and immediately following LPS in the E‐group, compared with the C‐group. The frequencies of phasic pressure fluctuations were significantly (p<0.05) lower at 30 and 38 h after ovulation in the E‐ than in the C‐group. It can be concluded from the present study that a single i.v. administration of LPS (300 ng/kg body weight) to sows, 18 h after ovulation might be associated with changes in isthmic pressure and the frequency of phasic pressure fluctuations, increased numbers of spermatozoa attached to the ZP and an enhanced embryo development but not with ova transport rates.
Assessment of Different Sperm Quality Parameters to Predict in vitro Fertility of Bulls
Authors: Tanghe S , Van Soom A , Sterckx V , Maes D , De Kruif A 
Published: March 2003

ContentsFrozen‐thawed semen from six bulls with high (> 60%) and low (20–35%) in vitro fertility was used for studying the predictive value of simple sperm quality tests with respect to in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome as assessed by pronucleus (PN) formation ability. Sperm quality parameters, such as sperm concentration, motility, progressive motility, live‐dead sperm ratio, morphology, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and acrosomal status were analysed using both conventional and automatic techniques at three time points during the IVF process, namely after sperm thawing, Percoll differential gradient centrifugation and IVF. Associations between the sperm quality parameters before and after IVF, and PN formation ability were assessed by using linear regression analyses. The percentages of motility, progressive motility and normal morphology determined after sperm thawing, and the percentage of live spermatozoa assessed after Percoll preparation by using nigrosin‐eosin (N‐E) staining showed a good correlation with PN formation ability, but the regression parameters were borderline not significant. These parameters formed the most reliable basis for predicting IVF outcome. After IVF, the percentage of live spermatozoa determined by using N‐E staining was the only sperm quality parameter showing a significant association with the PN formation ability of a given bull. This sperm quality test can be used as a non‐invasive method to estimate the PN formation ability of oocytes which are further cultured to assess embryonic development.
Sources of information when rating the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales
Authors: Lambert Gordon , Caputi Peter , Deane Frank P. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: Mental health nurses will play an important role in the administration of the routine outcome measures currently being implemented across Australia, including the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS). Prior research has implied that sources of information may be responsible in part for the mixed reliability and validity of the HoNOS. This study examines which sources of information clinicians use when making a HoNOS rating. Twenty‐one mental health clinicians that had been using the HoNOS routinely for 2 years were surveyed to determine the sources of information they used when making a rating. In addition, 12 specific HoNOS ratings were reviewed to obtain data about ‘actual’ sources utilized. More than half of all information used when completing a HoNOS rating was obtained from interviewing the client or from direct observation of the client. The main secondary sources used included medical records and consulting with family and carers and other staff. Collateral information from general practitioners and police was used in only a small percentage of cases. There was high variability amongst clinicians with regard to how much each source was used. Training mental health workers in routine use of the HoNOS should encourage clinicians to use a range of sources of information when making a rating.
Advanced ‘prescribing’ of nurses’ emergency holding powers under New Zealand mental health legislation
Authors: Farrow Tony L. , McKenna Brian G. , O'Brien Anthony J. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: Since the mid‐19th century doctors have exercised almost exclusive control in health professionals’ decisions concerning compulsory assessment and treatment of the mentally ill. This control has the potential to compromise the legitimate professional practice of other mental health professionals. A new approach to mental health legislation has seen the involvement of a range of health professionals in legislated mental health roles, including the power of registered nurses to detain patients in hospital under Section 111 of the New Zealand Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act (1992). Under this Section a nurse who believes that a voluntary patient meets the legal criteria of the Act can independently detain the patient for a period of up to 6 hours, pending further assessment by a medical practitioner. However, anecdotal evidence and a clinical audit undertaken by the authors suggest some doctors ‘prescribe’ Section 111 at the time of admission. This practice instructs nurses to initiate Section 111 if particular voluntary patients choose to leave hospital. This study outlines practice issues resulting from ‘prescribing’ Section 111; provides a legal critique of medical practitioners’ involvement in this practice; and makes recommendations for guidelines toward a more constructive use of Section 111.
Low‐titre auto‐antibodies predict autoimmune disease during interferon‐α treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Bell Trudi , Bansal Amolak , Shorthouse Claudia , Sandford Neville , Powell Elizabeth 
Published: March 2003

Background: In this study, we determined whether low‐titre auto‐antibodies are a risk factor for the development of autoimmune disease during interferon‐α (IFNα) therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Methods: Eighty‐three patients with circulating hepatitis C virus RNA and chronic viral hepatitis on liver biopsy, who had not received IFNα, were assessed for serum auto‐antibodies (anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti‐smooth muscle antibodies, thyroid microsomal antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies) and thyroid function tests. Results: Thirty‐five patients had one or more pre‐existing auto‐antibody. The majority were low titre ANA. Seven of the 35 patients had clinical autoimmune disease or immune‐mediated disorders, predominantly thyroid disease. Twenty patients with low titre auto‐antibodies received treatment with IFNα and of these 20 patients, six patients developed adverse effects with a possible auto‐immune basis. In comparison, only five of the 48 patients without auto‐antibodies had immune‐mediated disorders and no patient developed autoimmune complications during therapy with IFNα. Conclusions: These results suggest that the presence of low‐titre auto‐antibodies may be a risk factor for the development of autoimmune dysfunction during IFNα therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Patients with no detectable auto‐antibodies have a low risk for developing autoimmune complications during treatment with IFNα.
Influence of cholesterol crystallization effector proteins on vesicle fusion in supersaturated model bile
Authors: Hattori Yoshihiro , Tazuma Susumu , Yamashita Gunji , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: March 2003

Background: In lithogenic bile, cholesterol‐rich vesicles rapidly aggregate and fuse to eventually form cholesterol crystals. This process is modulated by cholesterol crystallization effector substances. In this study, we developed a method for quantitative assessment of vesicle fusion and used it to partly characterize the mechanisms of action of cholesterol crystallization effector proteins. Methods: Cholesterol:phospholipid (1:1) liposomes were prepared and labelled with octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (R18). Fusion of these liposomes was detected by the increase of R18 fluorescence after incubation with various proteins, such as albumin, concanavalin‐A bound glycoprotein, immunoglobulins, apolipoprotein A‐I and apolipoprotein B (all at 100 μg/mL). Results: Fusion of cholesterol/phospholipid liposomes was increased by 16 and 14% in the presence of concanavalin‐A bound glycoprotein and immunoglobulins, respectively, and decreased by 21 and 9% after addition of apolipoprotein A‐I and apolipoprotein B, respectively. The effect of each protein on vesicle fusion was correlated with its hydrophobicity. Conclusions: These results suggest that nucleation effector proteins modulate the stability of vesicles and, thus, affect cholesterol crystallization. Such modulation is based upon protein–vesicle association, which defines the physico‐chemical metastability of vesicular cholesterol.