bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential applicability of balloon catheter–based accelerated partial breast irradiation after conservative surgery for breast carcinoma
Authors: Pawlik Timothy M. , Perry Allison , Strom Eric A. , Babiera Gildy V. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Singletary Eva , Perkins George H. , Ross Merrick I. , Schecter Naomi R. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Ames Frederick C. , Hunt Kelly K. , Kuerer Henry M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDBalloon catheter–based accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an alternative to whole‐breast external‐beam irradiation during breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) for breast carcinoma, but it is limited by the size of the segmental mastectomy cavity. There are scant data on the average or optimal volume of resection (VR) in BCT. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the percentage of patients who would be eligible for balloon catheter–based APBI based on the selection criteria of the American Society of Breast Surgeons and the surgical VR.METHODSThe authors reviewed the medical records of 443 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma treated with BCT. Patient treatment and pathologic data were analyzed to assess VR and eligibility for APBI.RESULTSBCT was performed for 178 patients with DCIS and 267 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. The majority of invasive carcinomas (63.3%) were infiltrating ductal carcinomas. The median overall lumpectomy volume was 67.61 cm3, with no significant difference between DCIS and invasive carcinoma (P > 0.05). Although the majority (62.9–82.0%) of patients met the individual selection criteria for APBI, only 27.4% of the cohort was found to be eligible for any type of APBI when the selection criteria were considered together. Based on VR, only approximately one‐half of the patients initially eligible for APBI would be candidates for immediate balloon catheter–based APBI using the 70 cm3 balloon device (13.3%). However, with the new, larger 125 cm3 balloon device, approximately three‐fourths of patients initially eligible for APBI would be eligible for balloon catheter–based APBI at the time of the initial surgical procedure (20.7%). Although not evaluated in the current study, shrinkage of the lumpectomy cavity with time may increase the number of patients eligible based strictly on VR criteria. Patients with a very large VR (≥ 125 cm3) were more likely to have invasive carcinoma (P = 0.02; hazard ratio [HR], 7.4) and tumors ≥ 5 cm on final pathology (P < 0.01; HR, 22.0).CONCLUSIONSApproximately one‐fifth to one‐fourth of patients presenting for BCT may be eligible for balloon catheter–based APBI according to accepted national guidelines and VR. VR must be considered when selecting patients for balloon catheter–based APBI, because a minority of patients will have a lumpectomy cavity that exceeds the size limit of the current balloon device. Cancer 2004. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for the prevention of liver metastasis in patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Sadahiro Sotaro , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Ishikawa Kenji , Yasuda Seiei , Tajima Tomoo , Makuuchi Hiroyasu , Saitoh Takuro , Murayama Chieko 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe liver is the most frequent site of recurrence after curative resection in patients with colon carcinoma. For liver metastasis, a high response rate can be achieved with hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy. In the current study, the authors administered 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) as adjuvant chemotherapy by HAI to patients with colon carcinoma without liver metastases and studied its effects on recurrence in the liver and survival.METHODSA total of 316 patients with preoperative Stage II or Stage III colon carcinoma (according to the 1997 revision of the International Union Against Cancer TNM staging system) were randomly assigned to receive surgery plus 3‐week continuous HAI of 5‐FU or surgery alone. There were 305 eligible patients, of whom the 119 patients assigned to the HAI arm actually received 5‐FU. The primary endpoint was disease‐free survival, whereas the secondary endpoints were overall survival and liver metastasis‐free survival. Analysis was by intent to treat.RESULTSThere were no significant differences noted in morbidity between the two treatment arms. During the follow‐up period (median, 59.0 months), the incidence of liver metastasis was significantly decreased in the HAI arm whereas there were no significant differences reported between the 2 arms with regard to the frequency of metastasis at other sites. In the HAI arm, the risk ratio for recurrence was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.24–0.64; P = 0.0002), the risk ratio for death was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.21–0.67; P = 0.0009), and the risk ratio for liver metastasis was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.22–0.66; P = 0.0005). These differences were found to be significant only for patients with Stage III disease. Toxicities were mild.CONCLUSIONSA schedule of 3‐week HAI of 5‐FU given as adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with Stage III colon carcinoma appeared to contribute to a significant decrease in the frequency of liver metastases and was associated with an improved survival rate. Cancer 2004. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma
Authors: Su Lyndon D. , Fullen Douglas R. , Lowe Lori , Wang Timothy S. , Schwartz Jennifer L. , Cimmino Vincent M. , Sondak Vernon K. , Johnson Timothy M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDesmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma (DNMM) occasionally metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and extranodal sites. The value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has not been demonstrated clearly for patients with DNMM. The authors report on the utility of SLNB in the management of patients with DNMM.METHODSThe authors identified 33 patients with DNMM who were seen during a 5‐year period in their institution who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLNB. Clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed.RESULTSThirty‐three patients with DNMM underwent SLNB (mean Breslow depth, 4.0 mm; median, 2.8 mm). There were 25 male patients and 8 female patients with a median age of 61 years (range, 31–86 years). Fifty‐two percent of tumors presented in the head and neck region, and 24% were associated with lentigo maligna. Four of 33 patients (12%) without clinical evidence of metastatic disease who underwent SLNB had at least 1 positive sentinel lymph node. No additional positive lymph nodes were found in subsequent therapeutic regional lymphadenectomy in any of these four patients.CONCLUSIONSSLNB detected subclinical metastases of DNMM to regional lymph nodes. SLNB at the time of resection can provide useful information to guide early treatment and, coupled with lymphadenectomy in positive patients, may limit tumor spread and prevent recurrence at the draining lymph node basin. Cancer 2004. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
The cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Yeazel Mark W. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Gurney James G. , Mertens Ann C. , Hudson Melissa M. , Emmons Karen M. , Chen Hegang , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study characterized the self‐reported cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer.METHODSA cohort of 9434 long‐term survivors of childhood cancer and a comparison group of 2667 siblings completed a 289‐item survey that included items regarding cancer‐screening practices.RESULTSOverall, 27.3% of female respondents reported performing breast self‐examination (BSE) regularly, 78.2% reported undergoing a Papanicolaou smear within the previous 3 years, 62.4% underwent a clinical breast examination (CBE) within the last year, and 20.9% had gotten a mammogram at least once in their lifetime. Approximately 17.4% of male respondents reported performing regular testicular self‐examination (TSE). Women age ≥ 30 years who had been exposed to chest or mantle radiation therapy were more likely to report undergoing CBE (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.32–1.92) and mammography (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.47–2.56). Compared with the sibling comparison group, survivors demonstrated an increased likelihood of performing TSE (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22–1.85) or BSE (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.52), of having undergone a CBE within the last year (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02–1.35), and of ever having undergone a mammogram (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.52–2.17).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that the cancer screening practices among survivors of childhood cancer are below optimal levels. Primary care physicians who include childhood cancer survivors among their patients could benefit these individuals by informing them about future cancer risks and recommending appropriate evidence‐based screening. Cancer 2004. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Inverse estimation of material properties for sheet metals
Authors: Zhao K. M. , Lee J. K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to estimate the material properties for sheet metals subjected to loading and reverse loading by using an inverse method. Cyclic three‐point bending tests are conducted. Bending moments are computed from the measured data, namely, punch stroke, punch load, bending strain and bending angle. Bending moments are also calculated based on the selected constitutive model. Normal anisotropy and non‐linear isotropic/kinematic hardening are considered. Material parameters are estimated by minimizing the difference between these two bending moments. Modified Levenberg–Marquardt method is used in the optimization procedure. Stress–strain curves are generated with the material parameters found in this way. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
28‐noded hexahedral isoparametric element for analysis of contact problems
Authors: Buczkowski Ryszard , Gabbert Ulrich 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe previously introduced 21‐node three‐dimensional solid element (Commun. Numer. Meth. Engng 1998; 14: 681–692) fulfills the physical contact requirements properly. In dynamic explicit impact problems, however, due to non‐positive nodal masses on the contact face the 21‐node element must be used with care. To overcome this problem, a 28‐node transient element as a certain case of a degenerated 20‐node standard hexahedral element of the serendipity family is investigated. Construction of the shape functions of the transition element is described. This element is established by putting 16 nodes on the top or bottom face of the basic 20‐node solid element for an effective connection between contact region (28‐node elements) and rest of the structure (20‐node elements). Comparisons with results calculated for the 3D‐contact problem using the combination of the 21‐node and 20‐node elements prove high accuracy and overall superiority of the present method. Two numerical examples are selected to demonstrate applicability of the new element proposed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple robust numerical integration algorithm for a power‐law visco‐plastic model under both high and low rate‐sensitivity
Authors: de Souza Neto E. A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis note describes a simple and extremely robust algorithm for numerical integration of the power‐law‐type elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive model discussed by Perić (Int. J. Num. Meth. Eng. 1993; 36: 1365–1393). As the rate‐independent limit is approached with increasing exponents, the evolution equations of power‐law‐type models are known to become stiff. Under such conditions, the solution of the implicitly discretized viscoplastic evolution equation cannot be easily obtained by standard root‐finding algorithms. Here, a procedure which proves to be remarkably robust under stiff conditions is obtained by means of a simple logarithmic mapping of the basic backward Euler time‐discrete equation for the incremental plastic multiplier. The logarithm‐transformed equation is solved by the standard Newton–Raphson scheme combined with a simple bisection procedure which ensures that the iterative guesses for the equation unknown (the incremental equivalent plastic strain) remain within the domain where the transformed equation makes sense. The resulting implementation can handle small and large (up to order 106) power‐law exponents equally. This allows its effective use under any situation of practical interest, ranging from high rate‐sensitivity to virtually rate‐independent conditions. The robustness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy release control for numerical simulations of failure in quasi‐brittle solids
Authors: Gutiérrez Miguel A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA path‐following constraint is developed which is based on the energy release during failure. This makes it applicable to the simulation of quasi‐brittle materials when no previous knowledge is available on the failure behaviour of a body and, consequently, indirect displacement control methods like CMOD cannot be applied. The constraint is derived from the first principle of thermodynamics for a finite‐element discretization of a solid with a continuum damage model. The performance of the constraint is demonstrated by means of a bending test on a single‐edge‐notched beam. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling infinite‐conductivity line sinks in the complex variable boundary‐element method
Authors: Sato Kozo 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA numerical procedure for modelling infinite‐conductivity line sinks in the complex variable boundary‐element (BEM) method is outlined. Through a test problem, it is confirmed that the proposed model works and that an appropriate segmentation scheme is important for accurate computations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A radial basis meshless method for solving inverse boundary value problems
Authors: Li Jichun 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a new non‐iterative numerical method for solving inverse boundary value problems for linear elliptic equations of second order. Here we assume that the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are given only on part of the domain, we have to reconstruct the solution and its normal derivative on the unaccessible part of the domain, which is the well‐known ill‐posed Cauchy problem. We propose to solve such inverse problems directly by using the recently developed radial basis meshless method. Several numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on integration schemes for the microplane model of the mechanical behaviour of concrete
Authors: Badel Pierre‐Bernard , Leblond Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses some aspects of the practical implementation of the very comprehensive ‘microplane’ model of the mechanical behaviour of concrete, proposed by Bažant and coworkers. This implementation involves numerical integration of some quantities over a hemisphere. The solution usually adopted is Gaussian integration with 21 or 28 points. However, Qiu and Crouch recently showed that this may be insufficient, and proposed to use more Gauss points. However, numerical experience shows that this strategy is relatively inefficient. Also, generating Gaussian integration schemes of high order on a hemisphere is a cumbersome task. An alternative integration scheme is proposed, which combines numerical efficiency and ease of automatic generation of more and more refined integration formulae. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of the additive Schwarz method to large scale Poisson problems
Authors: Singh K. M. , Williams J. J. R. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper presents an application of the additive Schwarz method to large scale Poisson problems on parallel computers. Domain decomposition in rectangular blocks with matching grids on a structured rectangular mesh has been used together with a stepwise approximation to approximate sloping sides and complicated geometric features. A seven‐point stencil based on central difference scheme has been used for the discretization of the Laplacian for both interior and boundary grid points, and this results in a symmetric linear algebraic system for any type of boundary conditions. The preconditioned conjugate gradient method has been used as an accelerator for the additive Schwarz method, and three different methods have been assessed for the solution of subdomain problems. Numerical experiments have been performed to determine the most suitable set of subdomain solvers and the optimal accuracy of subdomain solutions; to assess the effect of different decompositions of the problem domain; and to evaluate the parallel performance of the additive Schwarz preconditioner. Application to a practical problem involving complicated geometry is presented which establishes the efficiency and robustness of the method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of adaptive‐grid redistribution and embedding methods
Authors: Ameri M. , Shirani E. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe redistribution and embedding are two main adaptive‐grid methods. With use of initial structured grid, it is possible to combine these adaptive‐grid techniques. It means that before the grid becomes unstructured, we employ redistribution technique and then use embedding method. It is used to solve three model problems, transonic and supersonic inviscid flows in channels with circular arc bump and with convergent part. The Euler equations are integrated to steady state by an explicit, finite volume, Ni's Lax–Wendroff type. The combination of adaptive‐grid redistribution and embedding is complex, but it is shown in this paper that it is very efficient and worth to use it in large CPU time consuming problems. The results also show that the combination requires less grid points and therefore less memory space for prescribed accuracy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zero energy‐error mechanism of the combined hybrid method and improvement of Allman's membrane element with drilling d.o.f.'s
Authors: Zhou Tian‐Xiao , Xie Xiao‐Ping 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBy following the geometric point of view in mechanics combined with mathematical analysis, a novel expression of the combined hybrid variational principle is introduced to clarify its intrinsic mechanism of enhancing coarse‐mesh‐accuracy and stability of lower‐order displacement schemes. It is pointed out that the combined hybrid scheme achieving energy optimization leads to enhancement of accuracy at coarse meshes. By this mechanism's bringing to light the two factors (adding energy‐compatible bubbles and adjusting the combination parameter α) governing this enhancement, this paper presents a sound procedure for optimizing a combined hybrid scheme in a manner independent of the choice of assumed stresses. The effectiveness of the procedure is verified by improving Allman's membrane element with drilling d.o.f.'s. The numerical benchmark tests indicate that the combined hybrid counterpart of Allman's membrane element is capable of attaining the degree of accuracy of linear strain (i.e. 2‐order) element at coarse meshes without distortion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact steady periodic water waves with vorticity
Authors: Constantin Adrian , Strauss Walter 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe consider the classical water wave problem described by the Euler equations with a free surface under the influence of gravity over a flat bottom. We construct two‐dimensional inviscid periodic traveling waves with vorticity. They are symmetric waves whose profiles are monotone between each crest and trough. We use bifurcation and degree theory to construct a global connected set of such solutions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exact and explicit expressions for the small‐signal dynamics and frequency response of switching converters
Authors: Ng S. W. , Lee Y. S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn this paper, exact and explicit expressions for the dynamics and small‐signal responses of piecewise linear switching converters are derived. The results are very useful for the exact simulation and analysis of converter circuits. These expressions can also be used to develop simplified (approximate) models of converters for practical design purposes. An example is given to show that the well‐known state‐space averaging model is in fact the first‐order approximation of our exact model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DAN directs endolymphatic sac and duct outgrowth in the avian inner ear
Authors: Gerlach‐Bank Lisa M. , Cleveland Amanda R. , Barald Kate F. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are expressed in the developing vertebrate inner ear and participate in inner ear axial patterning and the development of its sensory epithelium. BMP antagonists, such as noggin, chordin, gremlin, cerberus, and DAN (differential screening‐selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma) inhibit BMP activity and establish morphogenetic gradients during the patterning of many developing tissues and organs. In this study, the role of the BMP antagonist DAN in inner ear development was investigated. DAN‐expressing cell pellets were implanted into the otocyst and the periotic mesenchyme to determine the effects of exogenous DAN on otic development. Similar to the effects on the inner ear seen after exposure of otocysts to the BMP4 antagonist noggin, semicircular canals were truncated or eliminated based upon the site of pellet implantation. Unique to the DAN implantations, however, were effects on the developing endolymphatic duct and sac. In DAN‐treated inner ears, endolymphatic ducts and sacs were merged with the crus or grew into the superior semicircular canal. Both the canal and endolymphatic duct and sac effects were rescued by joint implantation of BMP4‐expressing cells. Electroporation of DAN antisense morpholinos into the epithelium of stage 15–17 otocysts, blocking DAN protein synthesis, resulted in enlarged endolymphatic ducts and sacs as well as smaller semicircular canals in some cases. Taken together, these data suggest a role for DAN both in helping to regulate BMP activity spatially and temporally and in patterning and partitioning of the medial otic tissue between the endolymphatic duct/sac and medially derived inner ear structures. Developmental Dynamics 229:219–230, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelium‐specific Cre recombinase activity in flk‐1‐Cre transgenic mice
Authors: Licht Alexander H. , Raab Sabine , Hofmann Ursula , Breier Georg 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe use of the Cre‐loxP recombination system allows the conditional inactivation of genes in mice. The availability of transgenic mice in which the Cre recombinase expression is highly cell type specific is a prerequisite to successfully use this system. We previously have characterized regulatory regions of the mouse flk‐1 gene sufficient for endothelial cell‐specific expression of the LacZ reporter gene in transgenic mice. These regions were fused to the Cre recombinase gene, and transgenic mouse lines were generated. In the resulting flk‐1‐Cre transgenic mice, specificity of Cre activity was determined by cross‐breeding with the reporter mouse lines Rosa26R or CAG‐CAT‐LacZ. We examined double‐transgenic mice at different stages of embryonic development (E9.5–E16.5) and organs of adult animals by LacZ staining. Strong endothelium‐specific staining of most vascular beds was observed in embryos older than E11.5 in one or E13.5 in a second line. In addition, the neovasculature of experimental BFS‐1 tumors expressed the transgene. These lines will be valuable for the conditional inactivation of floxed target genes in endothelial cells of the embryonic vascular system. Developmental Dynamics 229:312–318, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.