bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Health Determinants in Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Baker Katherine E. , Boydstun Anna G. , McMinn Mary E. , Hecox Emily E. , Edwards Shelley R. , Walker Savannah C. , Humphries Laura S. , Hoppe Ian C. 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aims to analyze health determinants affecting patients with cleft palate, specifically examining the relationships between the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), failure to thrive (FTT), and healthcare utilization within the initial 30 days and first year of life. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with a cleft palate at a tertiary care center over an 11-year period. Data included demographics, weight percentile trends, pediatric emergency department (PED) visits, hospital admissions, SVI scores, cleft palate type, and FTT diagnoses. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results Social Vulnerability Index was not significantly correlated with health outcomes in cleft palate. Patients with FTT exhibited lower gestational age ( P = .002) and birth ( P = .005), one-month ( P = .001), and one-year ( P = .001) weight percentiles. FTT diagnosis was associated with increased PED visits ( P = .000) and hospital admission ( P = .000) in the first year of life. Early presentation to the PED was associated with increased PED visits ( P = .000) and hospital admissions ( P = .004) within the first year of life. Conclusion No direct link was found between SVI and FTT. Early hospital readmission emerged as a significant outcome, indicating increased healthcare utilization in patients that require early medical intervention. Failure to thrive significantly impacted healthcare utilization, emphasizing the importance of addressing feeding issues early in this patient population. This study contributes to understanding health disparities in cleft palate patients and highlights the need for nuanced exploration of regional factors influencing outcomes.
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors and Severe Urinary Tract Infections: Real-World Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Aboukaoud Mohammed , Morhi Yocheved , Osher Ester 
Published: January 2025

Objective: There is limited knowledge about severe urinary tract infections associated with SGLT2i, despite this being the basis for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning. We aim to provide real-world evidence to clarify this relationship further. Data source: A literature review was performed in PubMed and Embase for cohort studies published up to August 2024 using PICO-consistent terms. Study selection and data extraction: Cohort studies in English involving new users of SGLT2i that compare SGLT2i with glucagon-like receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), DPP4i, and other glucose-lowering medications and report severe urinary tract infection (UTI). Data synthesis: The random-effect model determined the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for severe UTI. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to identify sources of heterogeneity. In 11 cohort studies involving 679 617 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a median age of 64 (interquartile range [IQR] = 56-72) and 42% (IQR = 39%-51%) females, it was found that the use of SGLT2i was associated with a reduced risk of severe UTI compared with both composite glucose-lowering medications (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88) and DPP4i (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.43-0.54). There was no significant difference in the risk compared with GLP-1RA (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.78-1.14). Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: The lack of increased risk for severe UTI reassures physicians when assessing benefit-risk to continue SGLT2i after a severe UTI. This may enhance patient adherence and improve diabetes management. Furthermore, our findings show no significant risk increase in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who would benefit significantly from SGLT2i. Conclusion: SGLT2i does not appear to pose a greater risk of severe UTI than other oral glucose-lowering medications. This contributes to the existing literature on UTI, accounting for the event’s severity. However, more data are needed to assess the potential association between SGLT2i and life-threatening UTI events.
Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Resulting From Sulfur Mustard-Induced Acute Pulmonary Injury in Rats
Authors: Hu Xiaoxuan , Zhang Na , Zhong Yuxu , Liu Tao , Zhu Xiaoji 
Published: January 2025

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly toxic bifunctional alkylating agent that inflicts severe damage on the respiratory tract. Although numerous studies have examined the mechanisms underlying SM-induced pulmonary injury, the exact pathways involved remain unclear. This study aims to investigate an acute pulmonary injury model, with SM administered as a single intraperitoneal injection (8 mg/kg) or single intratracheal instillation (2 mg/kg) at equal toxicity doses (1LD50). The results revealed that epithelial cells in the alveolar septa of the intraperitoneal SM group exhibited a significantly higher expression of apoptotic markers, including pro-apoptotic protein Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 proteins, than those in the tracheal SM group. Conversely, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly lower in the intraperitoneal SM group than in the tracheal SM group, as confirmed by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical staining. The intraperitoneal SM group exhibited markedly higher expression of fibrosis-related proteins, including MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, collagen type I, collagen type III, TGF-β1, and Smad7, than the tracheal SM group. These markers, detected through immunohistochemical immunolabeling, indicate a more significant fibrotic response in the intraperitoneal group. In summary, this study demonstrates that intraperitoneal exposure to SM results in increased apoptosis, elevated expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, and fibrosis-related proteins in the alveolar epithelial cells compared with intratracheal exposure, even at equivalent toxicity levels. Our findings highlight the suitability of the intraperitoneal route for further investigation and identify apoptotic and fibrosis-related proteins as potential targets for intervention in SM-induced pulmonary injury.
Design and parameters optimization for solid organic fertilizer loading and spreading machines based on the discrete element method
Authors: Liang Xudong , Wang Zehe , Yi Jinggang 
Published: January 2025

The application of solid organic fertilizer is primarily a manual process, leading to inefficiencies and substantial labor demands. The complexity of the task, combined with the market’s lack of machinery capable of both loading and spreading, presents significant challenges. This study introduced the design of an integrated machine that facilitates the loading, transporting, and spreading of solid organic fertilizer. Utilizing the discrete element method, we simulated these processes to refine the machine’s efficiency. EDEM software was used for simulation calculation. The goal was to identify optimal parameters for the machine’s loading and spreading functions. Factors such as forward speed, spreading roller speed, and spreading height were evaluated for their impact on spreading uniformity, using Design-Expert software for experimental design. Through the Box–Behnken experimental approach, a second-order regression model was developed and refined. This optimization process identified the most effective combination of operational parameters: a forward speed of 0.42 meters per second, a spreading roller speed of 216 revolutions per minute, and a spreading height of 545 millimeters. These specifications were intended for the integrated machine, enhancing the efficiency of organic fertilizer loading, transport, and spreading activities.
Anlotinib as Maintenance Therapy After First-Line Chemotherapy Combined with Consolidation Radiation for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ma Jinbo , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Wei , Hu Shanliang , Zang Rukun , Wu Xiaolong , Song Jie 
Published: January 2025

Background Small cell lung cancer is sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but local recurrence and distant metastasis occur shortly after treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world value of anlotinib as a maintenance therapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) after first-line chemotherapy and consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT). Patients and Methods A total of 150 patients with ES-SCLC treated with first-line chemotherapy and CTRT from April 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. After the completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients received anlotinib according to their desire. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after the first diagnosis, and the secondary endpoints were prognostic factors and safety. Results The ORR and DCR of patients with ES-SCLC were 50.0% and 80.3%, respectively, in the anlotinib group and 42.9% and 69.0% in the no-maintenance therapy group. The 3-year OS rates were 27.6% and 12.6% in the anlotinib and observation groups (HR = 2.52, P = 0.003), and the median OS times were 23.8 months and 15.3 months. The 3-year PFS rates were 18.2% and 8.8% in the anlotinib and observation groups (HR = 1.76, P = 0.034) with median PFS times of 11.5 months and 8.8 months. After stratification on the basis of clinical response, patients who achieved CR plus PR after chemoradiotherapy had a longer median OS in the anlotinib and observation groups (34.0 months vs 24.8 months, HR = 2.40, P = 0.009). There were higher incidence rates of hand–foot syndrome (27.3% vs 10.5%, P = 0.001), gingival bleeding/hemoptysis (18.5% vs 4.8%, P = 0.015) and rash (33.3% vs 4.8%, P < 0.001) in the anlotinib group than in the observation group. Conclusion Maintenance therapy with anlotinib improved the survival of patients with ES-SCLC after first-line chemotherapy and CTRT. Owing to the small sample size of the real-world trial, the reliability of our study needs to be confirmed in more studies.
Cardiac and vascular findings using ultrasound in hypovolemic children
Authors: Gabr Rehab , Al Hazmi Ahmed , Al Mashraki Nabeel , Yousef Dafalla , Amjad Shamaila , Zahraa Jihad 
Published: January 2025

Background: Ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that helps assess volume status. Objectives: To assess the dehydration and passive leg raising impact on ultrasound-derived cardiac and inferior vena cava parameters to improve early detection of hypovolemia in children. Design: Prospective observational study in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit. Methods: We recruited 66 healthy children 8–14 years old who fasted in Ramadan. Inferior vena cava diameter, inferior vena cava collapsibility, velocity time integral and maximum velocity (Vmax) were measured at left ventricle outflow tract pre- and post-fasting, with and without passive leg raising. Aorta diameter in systole was also measured pre- and post-fasting. Outcome Measures: Inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility, velocity time integral and Vmax with and without passive leg raising, pre and post fasting, and inferior vena cava/Ao ratio pre and post fasting were measured. Results: Median percentage of weight loss after fasting was 1.1% (range, 0%–3.9%). Inferior vena cava maximum diameter and inferior vena cava/aorta did not change significantly after fasting ( p < 0.05). Inferior vena cava diameters increased and inferior vena cava collapsibility decreased after passive leg raising ( p < 0.001) pre and post fasting. Velocity time integral increased with passive leg raising ( p < 0.001) but was not affected by fasting ( p = 0.17). Vmax increased with passive leg raising and decreased in fasting ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Passive leg raising affected ultrasound measurements. Left ventricle outflow tract Vmax was affected by fasting/mild dehydration, and further trials are needed to confirm its value in predicting hypovolemia in children. Limitations: There was no significant effect of dehydration on the measurements probably because of the small sample and mild dehydration. This cannot be generalised because it is a single-centre study and younger children were not included.
Effects of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. Extract on BDNF and its Receptor TrkB in the Hippocampus of Depression Model Rats
Authors: Liu Yueting , Wu Shimin , Miao Shutong , Yan Lu , Huang Zixuan , Fang Gang , Zhang Yun , Feng Qiuyu 
Published: January 2025

Background This study investigates the effect of Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus and cortex of depression model rats. Methods A chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model was used, and the behavior changes of animals as well as the expression levels of BDNF and TrkB were measured in all groups (normal control, model, venlafaxine hydrochloride, and Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. (100, 50, 25 mg·kg−1) dose groups). Results Our results revealed that the scores of horizontal and vertical movements in the open field experiment were significantly decreased in the model group compared to the normal control. Besides, the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus and cortex were significantly decreased in the model group compared to the normal control. On the other hand, treatment with Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl significantly improved depressive behavior and increased the expression of BDNF and receptor TrkB in the hippocampus and cortex of rats compared to model group. Conclusion Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. demonstrates potential antidepressant effects, possibly mediated by the upregulation of BDNF and TrkB expression, highlighting its neuroprotective properties.
Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Millettia extensa Against Mushroom Tyrosinase Enzyme: Molecular Insight into Skin Care Products
Authors: Pandey Bipindra , Yadav Ram Kishor , Subedi Laxman , Sapkota Biswash , Baral Manoj , Jha Prabhat Kumar , KC Sindhu , Panta Sushil 
Published: January 2025

Background Crateva unilocularis, Millettia extensa, and Plumbago zeylanica are commonly used traditional medicinal plants in Nepal for treating various skin ailments. Objectives The ethanol extracts of these plants were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative phytochemical content, antioxidant potential, and anti-tyrosinase activity. Methods The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to measure the total phenolic content, and the aluminum chloride method was used to assess flavonoid content.In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated via 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. A mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay was employed to assess anti-tyrosinase activity. Molecular docking was performed using the tyrosinase enzyme (PDB ID: 2Y9X) for the five selected phytoconstituents of Millettia extensa. Results The ethanolic extract of Millettia extensa leaves exhibited high concentrations of phenolic compound (273.85 ± 4.05 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoids compound (1787.35 ± 0.22 mg QE/g dry extract weight). The roots of Plumbago zeylanica showed the highest levels of DPPH and NO radical-scavenging activities, with percentages of 95.83% and 43.83%, respectively. Similarly, the stem bark of Crateva unilocularis showed notable H2O2 radical scavenging activity (67.81%). Millettia extensa root bark demonstrated the most potent tyrosinase inhibition activity (99.31 ± 0.16), comparable to the standard drug Kojic acid (99.56 ± 0.08). Molecular docking corroborates the in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity, with isoauriculatin and auriculatin demonstrating the highest binding affinities of −9.9 and −9.7 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to Kojic acid (−5.6 kcal/mol). Conclusion These findings highlight the significant tyrosinase inhibitory potential of Millettia extensa root bark, suggesting further exploration of its cosmetic application and safety evaluation.
Outcomes of Atrioventricular Septal Defect Repair: Two-Institutions, 10-Year Experience in Cordoba, Argentina
Authors: Juaneda Ignacio , Pizzulli Lucca , Ferrari Paula , Molinas Rodrigo , Diaz Juan , Azar Irma , Allub Alejandro , Juaneda Ernesto , Louis James St , Peirone Alejandro , Kathy Jenkins 
Published: January 2025

Background Outcomes following surgical repair of atrioventricular septal defect have improved over the last decades. Global mortality for repair of this defect is approximately 3.5%. We describe contemporary surgical outcomes from two institutions in Argentina. Material and Methods A retrospective two-institution review was performed of patients operated on for atrioventricular septal defect (partial, transitional, and complete) at Hospital Privado Universitario de Cordoba and Hospital de Niños Cordoba, from January 2014 to December 2023. We analyzed demographic characteristics, operative data, mortality, and outcomes. Results One hundred and ten patients were operated for atrioventricular septal defect: There were 78 patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect, 10 with partial atrioventricular septal defect, and 22 with transitional atrioventricular septal defect. Mean age and weight at operation were 1.17 year (range 0.04-13 years) and 7.53 kg (2.8-55 kg), respectively. For the complete atrioventricular septal defect subgroup, surgeries with the modified single patch technique had shorter cardiopulmonary bypass times when compared with the two patch technique (95.6 vs 139.7 min, respectively, P < .001). Hospital mortality was 4.5% (5 of 110 patients), all with complete atrioventricular septal defect operated with the double patch technique. Mean follow-up of the entire cohort was 57.4 months (1-118 months). Five patients underwent a reoperation at a mean time from the first operation of 14.4 months (6-24 months). Conclusions Atrioventricular septal defect surgical repair was successfully achieved in different ages and anatomical subtypes in most patients. Complete atrioventricular septal defect had higher mortality when compared with other subgroups. Our review shows similar outcomes following repair of atrioventricular septal defect compared with an international aggregate in a resource-limited practice.
Effects of Different Cooling Processes on the Structure and Properties of Aluminum/Steel Composite Plate
Authors: Zhu Yufei , Jiang Runwu , Yu Chao , Wu Yuhua , Xiao Hong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aluminum (Al)/steel transition joints used in ships are processed from composite plates, and their mechanical properties have a significant impact on the safety of ships. In this paper, the Al/steel composite plate was prepared using rolling, with 5083 aluminum plate as the cladding plate, Q235 steel plate as the substrate, and TA1 titanium (Ti) plate and DT4 pure iron (Fe) plate as the intermediate layers. The heterothermic billet was prepared through induction heating by the magnetic effects of the steel plate and the pure Fe plate, and then the Al/steel composite plate was obtained by rolling. The impacts of post-rolling cooling process on the microstructure and properties of the Al/Ti/pure Fe/steel composite plate were studied. The results manifested that the pure Fe/steel interface had a good composite effect. With the increase in the cooling rate, the bonding strength of the Al/Ti interface was raised, and that of the Ti/Fe interface was increased first and then decreased. When the oil cooling process was adopted, the Al/Ti/pure Fe/steel composite plate exhibited the highest comprehensive performance. The shear strength of the Al/Ti interface and the Ti/Fe interface was 102 MPa and 186 MPa, respectively. The plastic fracture was determined as the mode of interface fracture.
Transferability of bioprocessing modes for recombinant protease production: from fed-batch to continuous cultivation with Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Kittler Stefan , Müller Fabian , Elshazly Mohamed , Wandrey Georg Benjamin , Klein Tobias , Daub Andreas , Spadiut Oliver , Kopp Julian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Proteases are essential in various industries due to their unique substrate specificities and robustness in different operational conditions. Bacillus strains consist of a genotype favorable for rapid growth whilst secreting enzymes extracellularly, thereby simplifying recombinant protease production. Despite the widespread use of batch and fed-batch fermentations for their ease and robustness, these cultivation types are often marred by significant energy requirements and prolonged downtimes. The switch towards continuous cultivation methods promises reduced carbon footprints and improved equipment efficiency. Yet, research focusing on Bacillus strains is limited, therefore we aimed to establish a continuous cultivation as a competitive alternative to fed-batch.

Results
Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of chemostat cultivations for producing a protease from Bacillus licheniformis utilizing a derepressed induction system, and comparing specific productivities and space-time yields to fed-batch cultivations. The continuous cultivations were described in a hybrid model, considering the effect of productivity as function of the applied dilution rate as well as the generation time. The workflow of this study demonstrates that screenings in a fed-batch mode and chemostat cultivations conducted at the same growth rate, result in different specific productivities for derepressible systems.

Conclusion
The results of this study highlight that the feeding rate’s impact on specific productivity varies significantly between fed-batch and chemostat cultivations. These differences suggest that fed-batch screenings may not be adequate for developing a continuous process using a derepressed promoter system in B. licheniformis. Although the space-time yield of fed-batch cultivations has not been surpassed by stable continuous operations—achieving only a third of the highest space-time yield observed in fed-batch—valuable mechanistic insights have been gained. This knowledge could facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable mode of cultivation for industrial protease production.