bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evolutionary system of mineralogy, Part VIII: The evolution of metamorphic minerals
Authors: Morrison Shaunna M. , Prabhu Anirudh , Hazen Robert M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Part VIII of the evolutionary system of mineralogy focuses on 1220 metamorphic mineral species, which correspond to 755 root mineral kinds associated with varied metamorphic rock types, most of which likely formed prior to the Phanerozoic Eon. A catalog of the mineral modes of 2785 metamorphic rocks from around the world reveals that 94 mineral kinds often occur as major phases. Of these common metamorphic minerals, 66 are silicates, 14 are oxides or hydroxides, 8 are carbonates or phosphates, 4 are sulfides, and 2 are polymorphs of carbon. Collectively, these 94 minerals incorporate 23 different essential chemical elements.
Patterns of coexistence among these 94 minerals, as revealed by network analysis and Louvain community detection, point to six major communities of metamorphic phases, three of which correspond to different pressure-temperature (P-T) regimes of metamorphosed siliceous igneous and sedimentary rocks, while three represent thermally altered carbonate and calc-silicate lithologies.
Metamorphic rocks display characteristics of an evolving chemical system, with significant increases in mineral diversity and chemical complexity through billions of years of Earth history. Earth’s first metamorphic minerals formed in thermally altered xenoliths and contact zones (hornfels and sanidinite facies) associated with early Hadean igneous activity (&gt;4.5 Ga). The appearance of new Hadean lithologies, including clay-rich sediments, arkosic sandstones, and carbonates, provided additional protoliths for thermal metamorphism prior to 4.0 Ga. Orogenesis and erosion exposed extensive regional metamorphic terrains, with lithologies corresponding to the Barrovian sequence of index mineral metamorphic zones appearing by the Mesoarchean Era (&gt;2.8 Ga). More recently, rapid subduction and rebound of crustal wedges, coupled with a shallowing geothermal gradient, has produced distinctive suites of blueschist, eclogite, and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic suites (&lt;1.0 Ga). The evolution of metamorphic minerals thus exemplifies changes in physical and chemical processes in Earth’s crust and upper mantle.
Gamma-enhancement of reflected light images as a routine method for assessment of compositional heterogeneity in common low-reflectance Fe-bearing minerals
Authors: Zhu Qiaoqiao , Xie Guiqing , Cook Nigel J. , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The incorporation of impurity elements into minerals impacts their physical properties (e.g., reflectance, hardness, and electrical conductivity), but the quantitative relationships between these features and compositional variation remain inadequately constrained. Prior work has shown that gamma-enhancement of reflected light images represents a simple yet powerful tool to assess the compositional heterogeneity of single pyrite crystals, as it can enhance subtle differences in reflectance between distinct domains with different minor element concentrations. This study extends the gamma correction method to several other common Fe-bearing minerals, magnetite, garnet, wolframite, and tetrahedrite-tennantite, which all have far lower reflectance than pyrite. Gamma-enhanced optical images reveal clear variations in reflectance that are either systematic with increased minor element concentration, as the change in gray value on backscatter electron (BSE) images (in the case of magnetite, garnet, and tetrahedrite-tennantite) or contrasting (as in pyrite), yielding a convincing linkage between reflectance variation and compositional heterogeneity. Reflectance variation is an expression of the distribution of the average effective number of free electrons on the mineral surface that can re-emit light when excited by visible light. Gamma-enhanced images can reveal compositional heterogeneity in minerals such as wolframite where small atomic mass differences between substituting elements (Mn and Fe, in the case of wolframite) are virtually impossible to observe as a variation of gray values on BSE images. Results also demonstrate that Fe-rich domains in these minerals can be expected to have higher reflectance than Fe-poor domains whenever Fe is a major constituent. The greater reflectance is attributed to Fe ions having a greater effective number of free electrons than many other elements (e.g., Co, Ni, Si, Ca, Al, Mg, Mn, and As). This research highlights the utility of gamma correction as an inexpensive tool for routine evaluation of compositional heterogeneity in common Fe-bearing minerals, potentially obviating the necessity of a microbeam platform to correlate textures and composition.
The Immunohistocehmical Expression of Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (β-HCG) in Different Grades of Human Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm
Authors: Ammara Anwar  , Aamir Imtiaz Khan  , Asmaa Qureshy  , Muhammad Tahir Bashir Malik  , Asima Naz  , Khawaja Moeen ud Din  
Published: February 2024

Background: Urothelial carcinomais the most common urological malignancy and following prostate and lung cancer, it is the third most common carcinoma in male population.
Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the expression of beta hCG in different grades of human urothelial carcinoma in our population.
Methods: The study was conducted in Pathology Department of Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, between 2018-2020.Sections were taken on frosted slides for H& E, and on lysine coated slides for IHC.H& E and IHC were performed according to protocols.
Results: Out of the 65 tumor studied, 35(54%) were graded as low and 30(46%) were graded as high. In 35 low grade tumors 4(11%) were muscle invasive and 31(89%) were non-invasive and in 30 high grade tumors, 24(80%) were found to be muscle invasive and only 6(20) were non muscle invasive. Out of 65 specimens, 52 (80%) cases were found to be positive for beta hCG while only 13(20% ) were found to be negative of 35 low grade tumors, 27(77%) tumors were stained positive for beta hCG and 8(23%) were negative. Of 30 high grade tumors 25(83%) tumors were stained positive for beta hCG and 5 (17%) were negative. Chi-square test was applied showed that there was no significant association between tumor grade and beta hCG expression.
Conclusion: The immunohistochemical expression of beta hCG is positive in majority of low and high grade urothelial carcinoma but it may not be utilized as a marker for prognostic determination.
Detection and quantification of adenovirus, polyomavirus, and papillomavirus in urban sewage
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed N. F. , Ahmed Nehal , Rady Badr Kareem , Elmahdy Elmahdy Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence and seasonal frequency of human adenovirus (HAdV), human polyomavirus (HPyV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) in urban sewage. The detection of these viruses was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then the viral concentrations in the positive samples were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Additionally, HAdV and HPyV genotyping was also performed by PCR. A total of 38/60 (63.3%) positive samples were found. HAdV was the most prevalent virus (26/60; 43.3%), followed by HPyV (21/60; 35%) and HPV (21/60; 35%). The viral concentrations ranged from 3.56 × 102 to 7.55 × 107 genome copies/L. The most common dual viral agents was found between HAdV and HPyV, in eight samples (8/38, 21%). HAdV types 40 and 41 as well as HPyV types JC and BK were identified, with HAdV-40 and HPyV JC being the most prevalent types. Furthermore, the detection rates of HAdV, HPyV, and HPV were higher during the winter season than the other seasons. The high prevalence of HAdV and HPyV supports their suitability as viral indicators of sewage contamination. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the advantages of environmental surveillance as a tool to elucidate the community-circulating viruses.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Coleus
amboinicus: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Paul Karthika , Gowda Benachakal Honnegowda Jaswanth , Hani Umme , Chandan Ravandur Shivanna , Mohanto Sourav , Ahmed Mohammed Gulzar , Ashique Sumel , Kesharwani Prashant 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Coleus amboinicus Benth., also known as Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng., is a perennial
plant from the Lamiaceae family commonly found in tropical and warm regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Folk medicine commonly employs this remedy to address various ailments, including but not limited to asthma,
headaches, skin disorders, coughs, constipation, colds, and fevers. Several phytoconstituents from various
phytochemical classes, such as phenolics, terpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavones, and tannins, have
been identified in Coleus amboinicus up to the present time. Numerous pharmacological properties of Coleus
amboinicus crude extracts have been documented through both in vitro and in vivo studies, including but not
limited to antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic,
wound healing, analgesic, antirheumatic, and various other therapeutic effects. Due to its extensive history of
traditional usage, the diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals, and numerous established pharmacological activities,
Coleus amboinicus is widely regarded as having significant potential for clinical applications and warrants
further exploration, development, and exploitation through research. With this context, the present study
gathers information on the occurrence, biological description, cultivation, and nutritional values of Coleus amboinicus.
Furthermore, it thoroughly discusses various phytoconstituents, along with their classes, present in
Coleus amboinicus, followed by detailed descriptions of their pharmacological activities based on recent literature.
Biodistribution and Tumor Targeted Accumulation of Anti-CEA-loaded Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Correa Thais Silva , Lima William Gustavo , do Couto Campos Aline Beatriz , Galdino Alexsandro Sobreira , de Oliveira Lima Emilia Celma , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , Fernandes Simone Odília Antunes , Campos-da-Paz Mariana 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Active targeting of tumors by nanomaterials favors early diagnosis and
the reduction of harsh side effects of chemotherapeuticals

Methods:
We synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (64 nm; -40 mV) suspended in a magnetic
fluid (MF) and decorated them with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (MFCEA; 144 nm; -39 mV).
MF and MFCEA nanoparticles were successfully radiolabeled with technetium–99m (99mTc)
and intravenously injected in CEA-positive 4T1 tumor-bearing mice to perform biodistribution
studies. Both 99mTc-MF and 99mTc-MFCEA had marked uptake by the liver and spleen, and the
renal uptake of 99mTc-MFCEA was higher than that observed for 99mTc-MF at 20h. At 1 and 5
hours, the urinary excretion was higher for 99mTc-MF than for 99mTc-MFCEA.

Results:
These data suggest that anti-CEA decoration might be responsible for a delay in renal
clearance. Regarding the tumor, 99mTc-MFCEA showed tumor uptake nearly two times higher
than that observed for 99mTc-MFCEA. Similarly, the target-nontarget ratio was higher with
99mTc-MFCEA when compared to the group that received the 99mTc-MF.

Conclusion:
These data validated the ability of active tumor targeting by the as-developed anti-
CEA loaded nanoparticles and are very promising results for the future development of a
nanodevice for the management of breast cancer and other types of CEA-positive tumors.
Dauricine Inhibits Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Development by
Regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 Pathways in a
FLT4-dependent Manner
Authors: Liang Jinna , Lei Panpan , Su Xinyue , Gao Jiapan , Ren Bingxi , Zhang Yuxiu , Ma Xiaoyu , Ma Weina 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still a solid tumor with high malignancy
and poor prognosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (FLT4, VEGFR3) is
overexpressed in NSCLC cells, making it a potential target for NSCLC treatment. In this study, we
aimed to explore the anti-cancer effects of dauricine on NSCLC cells and its mechanism targeting
FLT4.

Methods:
We found that dauricine inhibited the growth of NCI-H1299 cells by blocking the cycle
in the G2/M phase through flow cytometry analysis. In addition, dauricine also inhibited the migration
of NCI-H1299 cells by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay. More importantly,
our empirical analysis found the anti-cancer effect of dauricine on NCI-H1299 cells and the protein
level of FLT4 had a distinctly positive correlation, and this effect was weakened after FLT4
knockdown.

Results:
It is suggested that dauricine suppressed the growth and migration of NCI-H1299 cells by
targeting FLT4. Furthermore, dauricine inhibited FLT4 downstream pathways, such as
PTEN/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MEK1/2/ERK1/2, thereby regulating cell migration-related molecule
MMP3 and cell cycle-related molecules (CDK1, pCDK1-T161, and cyclin B1).

Conclusion:
Dauricine may be a promising FLT4 inhibitor for the treatment of NSCLC.
Antibacterial Potential of Tetrahydrocarbazoles (THCZ): A Review
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Sharma Shalini , Agrawal Saurabh , Verma Vishesh 
Published: February 2024

:
Antibiotic resistance has become a major public threat across the globe associated with
human health. Some bacterial and fungal infections produce resistance, such as methicillinresistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE)
and multidrug-resistant (MDR) species Acinetobacter baumannii etc. Tetrahydrocarbazoles
(THCz) are a sub-class of indole alkaloids profoundly present in natural products and biologically
active compounds and have displayed potential biological activities in literature. THCz exhibit
potential antibacterial activities through major bacterial pathways like cell wall synthesis inhibition
and DNA gyrase enzyme inhibition with DNA sliding clamp inhibitors and MreB inhibitors.
These THCZ also showed significant in vitro antibacterial activities against bacterial-resistant species,
such as MRSA, VRE and Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR) in literature. MTDL (Multi Target
Direct ligand) approach has been significantly used for the design of THC motif-based antibacterial
agents. In this review article, we collected literature on THCz as a potential antibacterial
agent from 2014 to date. The review study of THC core-based derivatives found excellent in vitro
antibacterial profiles and revealed that they can play a significant role in drug discovery and the
development of new antibiotics against various infectious diseases.
Quantitative Applications of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy with Chemometrics
for the Estimation of Amikacin in Amikacin Sulphate Injections
Authors: Chen Chow Jie , Lokesh Bontha Venkata Subrahmanya , Akowuah Gabriel Akyirem 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Amikacin belongs to the class of aminoglycoside antibiotics used in the
treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. It is resistant to the aminoglycosides modifying enzymes,
making it a clinically effective drug in multidrug-resistant infections.

Methods:
In this study, a simple Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
was used for the quantification of amikacin in amikacin sulphate injection. The infrared spectra
were generated in the spectral range of 4000–667 cm-1. The calibration curve was computed through
TQ Analyst Pro edition software, and the partial least square regression analysis found the linearity
in the range of 10-60% w/w.

Results:
The best calibration results were obtained in the spectral region from 1040 to 1020 cm-1
with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 1.000. The residual mean standard error (RMSEC) value was
0.00235. The percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) values for intra-day and inter-day precision
were less than 8.0. The percent relative error (%RE) values were calculated and found in between the
range of 0.52 to 5.60. The percent recovery of the amikacin estimation was 113.09 ± 4.27(n=3).

Conclusion:
This validated method is considered a green method, which is suitable for the routine
analysis of amikacin in amikacin sulphate injections.
Integrated Machine Learning Algorithms for Stratification of Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: He Yuanyuan , Wei Haodong , Liao Siqing , Ou Ruiming , Xiong Yuqiang , Zuo Yongchun , Yang Lei 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy globally, characterized by rising
incidence and mortality rates. Stratifying bladder cancer patients into different subtypes is crucial for
the effective treatment of this form of cancer. Therefore, there is a need to develop a stratification
model specific to bladder cancer.

Purpose:
This study aims to establish a prognostic prediction model for bladder cancer, with the primary
goal of accurately predicting prognosis and treatment outcomes.

Methods:
We collected datasets from 10 bladder cancer samples sourced from the Gene Expression
Omnibus (GEO), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, and IMvigor210 dataset. The machine
learning based algorithms were used to generate 96 models for establishing the risk score for each
patient. Based on the risk score, all the patients was classified into two different risk score groups.

Results:
The two groups of bladder cancer patients exhibited significant differences in prognosis,
biological functions, and drug sensitivity. Nomogram model demonstrated that the risk score had a
robust predictive effect with good clinical utility.

Conclusion:
The risk score constructed in this study can be utilized to predict the prognosis, response
to drug treatment, and immunotherapy of bladder cancer patients, providing assistance for personalized
clinical treatment of bladder cancer.
Anti-proliferative, Morphological and Molecular Docking Studies of New Thiophene
Derivatives and their Strategy in Ionic Liquids Immobilized Reactions
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Mukhtar Sayeed , Parveen Humaira , Abdelaziz Mahmoud A. , Alwan Ensaf S. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
A number of research were conducted on the pyran and thiophene derivatives, which
were attributed to have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-plasmodial, as well as acting as caspase, hepatitis C and cancer inhibitors.

Objective:
The multicomponent reactions of the 5-acetyl-2-amino-4-(phenylamino)-thiophene-3-carbonitrile
produced biologically active target molecules like pyran and their fused derivatives. Comparison between regular
catalytic multi-component reactions and solvent-free ionic liquids immobilized multicomponent was studied.

Methods:
The multicomponent reactions in this work were carried out not only under the reflux conditions using
triethylamine as a catalyst but also in solvent-free ionic liquids immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)
catalysts.

Results:
Through this work, thirty-one new compounds were synthesized and characterized and were evaluated
toward the six cancer cell lines, namely A549, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, and SMMC-7721 and H460. The most
active compounds were further screened toward seventeen cancer cell lines classified according to the disease. In
addition, the effect of compound 11e on the A549 cell line was selected to make further morphological changes in
the cell line. The Molecular docking studies of 11e and 11f were carried and promising results were obtained.

Conclusion:
The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds derived from thiophene derivatives has been receiving
significant attention. After a detailed optimizing study, it has been found that the solvent-free ionic liquids immobilized multi-component syntheses afforded a high yield of compounds, opening a greener procedure for this
synthetically relevant transformation. Many of the synthesized compounds can be considered anticancer agents,
enhancing further studies
Advancements in the Research of GEF-H1: Biological Functions and Tumor
Associations
Authors: Li Liqi , Li Yunyun , Zhou Xiaoshu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract::
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1) is a unique protein modulated by the GDP/GTP exchange. As a regulator of the Rho-GTPase
family, GEF-H1 can be activated through a microtubule-depended mechanism and phosphorylation regulation, enabling it to perform various
pivotal biological functions across multiple cellular activities. These include the regulation of Rho-GTPase, cytoskeleton formation, cellular
barrier, cell cycle, mitosis, cell differentiation, and vesicle trafficking. Recent studies have revealed its crucial effect on the tumor
microenvironment (TME) components, promoting tumor initiation and progress. Consequently, an in-depth exploration of GEF-H1’s biological
roles and association with tumors holds promise for its potential as a valuable molecular target in tumor treatment.
Barriers and Facilitators to Teledermatology and Tele-Eye Care in Department of Veterans Affairs Provider Settings: Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Li Yiwen , Pope Charlene , Damonte Jennifer , Spates Tanika , Maa April , Chen Suephy , Yeung Howa 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundVeterans Affairs health care systems have been early adopters of asynchronous telemedicine to provide access to timely and high-quality specialty care services in primary care settings for veterans living in rural areas. Scant research has examined how to expand primary care team members’ engagement in telespecialty care.ObjectiveThis qualitative study aimed to explore implementation process barriers and facilitators to using asynchronous telespecialty care (teledermatology and tele-eye care services).MethodsIn total, 30 participants including primary care providers, nurses, telehealth clinical technicians, medical and program support assistants, and administrators from 2 community-based outpatient clinics were interviewed. Semistructured interviews were conducted using an interview guide, digitally recorded, and transcribed. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis summative approach. Two coders reviewed transcripts independently. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussion.ResultsIn total, 3 themes were identified from participants’ experiences: positive perception of telespecialty care, concerns and challenges of implementation, and suggestions for service refinement. Participants voiced that the telemedicine visits saved commute and waiting times and provided veterans in rural areas more access to timely medical care. The mentioned concerns were technical challenges and equipment failure, staffing shortages to cover both in-person and telehealth visit needs, overbooked schedules leading to delayed referrals, the need for a more standardized operation protocol, and more hands-on training with formative feedback among supporting staff. Participants also faced challenges with appointment cancellations and struggled to find ways to efficiently manage both telehealth and in-person visits to streamline patient flow. Nonetheless, most participants feel motivated and confident in implementing telespecialty care going forward.ConclusionsThis study provided important insights into the positive perceptions and ongoing challenges in telespecialty care implementation. Feedback from primary care teams is needed to improve telespecialty care service delivery for rural veterans.