bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new technique for uterine-preserving pelvic organ prolapse surgery: Laparoscopic rectus abdominis hysteropexy for uterine prolapse by comparing with traditional techniques
Authors: Li Zijun , Zheng Yaqin , Shen Fangrong , Liu Ming , Zhou Ying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Contemporary understanding of the dynamic anatomy of pelvic floor support has led us to new conservative surgery for uterine prolapse (UP). In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new technique for uterine-preserving pelvic organ prolapse surgery: laparoscopic rectus abdominis hysteropexy for uterine prolapse (LRAHUP). A retrospective study was conducted between 2006 and 2016. Sixty-five women diagnosed with advanced prolapsed uterus were eligible and grouped into traditional vaginal surgery (TVS, n = 30) group and new laparoscopic surgery (NLS, n = 35) group. Evaluated items of 65 cases included surgery-related parameters and postoperative outcomes. Surgical safety evaluating indicators, including operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospitalized day, and operation complications, also showed great significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). The subjective index of post-operative Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-short form 20 scores and some objective anatomic outcomes all showed great difference between pre- and post-operation (P < 0.05). Although the TVL showed no difference between pre- and post-operation in the same group, the TVL displayed a remarkable elongation. And a remarkable tendency was a higher cumulative recurrence ratio in the TVS group and a shorter follow-up period in the NLS group. LRAHUP may be a good procedure to manage women with advanced prolapsed uterus.
From the secrects of “The Secret history of the Mongols”
Authors: Serjee Munkhsaikhan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this article, the author mentioned eight facts about many problems which are not certain till now in research of The Secret History of Mongols, which is the spectacular record of Mongolians’ language, history, and culture, based on her research.For instance, the author believes that The Secret History of the Mongols is a written literature; however, initially, it was made up orally and then noted by script, and many factsin the literature can prove this.
Comparative Study of the Military Tactics of the Roman Empire and Mongol Empire
Authors: Jaehyuk Jang , Kisun Kim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The study is conducted as a comparative study of military tactics of the two powers representing different regions and time periods throughout human history. Despite the differences in circumstance and time, common success factors are identified in the military tactics of the two great powers. Based on these success factors, it is possible to compare the military tactics of these armies using the following common criteria: basic tactical unit system, strategic flexibility, tactical mobility, and strategic planning. The Roman Empire and Mongol Empire had long been the dominant military powers in their regions. Among them, the Mongol army was one of the greatest in human history, and through its power and military skill, led to the magnificent growth of the Mongol Empire. Thus, this study identifies the success factors of the Mongol military tactics through comparisons with Roman military tactics.
Mentality of Mongolian herders
Authors: Sanduijav Odkhuu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mongolia is a country of livestock. Herds men play special roles in Mongolian social life. Mongolian herds men have great knowledge, skills and experiences. An accident that they are called. “Masters of a thousand professions“. The herds men’s job is buzy and hard. This article is about the Mongolian herd men’s multiple senses and abilities. The article formulates and examines the main features, characteristic features of the Mongolian national mentality, thinking and behavior of the Mongolian herders, their relationship with geographical, climatic, geopolitical, historical and cultural factors, and emphasized the features and abilities of these herders.
Alternative Tourism: Case of Mongolian Equestrian Tourism
Authors: Munkhuu Bilegsaikhan , Sukhragchaa Amarjargal , Battogtokh Bolormaa , Damdinbaatar Degidbadam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mongolia is a country of livestock. Herds men play special roles in Mongolian social life. Mongolian herds men have great knowledge, skills and experiences. An accident that they are called. “Masters of a thousand professions“. The herds men’s job is buzy and hard. This article is about the Mongolian herd men’s multiple senses and abilities. The article formulates and examines the main features, characteristic features of the Mongolian national mentality, thinking and behavior of the Mongolian herders, their relationship with geographical, climatic, geopolitical, historical and cultural factors, and emphasized the features and abilities of these herders.
ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE (1206-1405)
Authors: D. Oyuntsetseg , S. Tuul , T. Lagnai 
Published: October 2023

Summary
After the founding of the Great Mongol Empire, Chinggis Khaan, and his successors faced the task of pursuing sound economic policies. This is because the prospects for the existence and development of Great Mongolia would ultimately be measured by economic development. The kings of the Great Mongol Empire, led by Chinggis and Ogedei, believed that nomadic animal husbandry should be the basis of the economy of the united power, and emphasized the development of animal husbandry. Chinggis Khaan introduced the millennial system, the most appropriate form of organization in the situation, to nomadic pastoralism. The Great Kings also sought to promote trade by supporting foreign traders by exempting them from customs duties and taxes, and by protecting their interests and security. However, unfair trade, exploitation, and bribery were strictly forbidden. At the same time, one of the reasons for the victory and success of the Great Mongol Empire was the development of communications, including stations, which were rigidly organized and transmitted faster than the settled civilizations of the time. Thus, Chinggis Khaan and his successors were able to correctly define the economic policy of the Great Mongol Empire and to develop animal husbandry, trade and communication in a coordinated manner, which created the basic conditions for the long-term existence of the Great Mongol Empire.
Mongolia-Korea Cultural Exchanges and the Role of Korean Paper in Promoting Cultural Exchanges
Authors: Battur Jamiyan 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Today, it became known that several diplomatic letters, which proved to be written on Korean-produced papers, are in the secret archives of the Vatican. In addition to these letters, many other letters have been found. Second, one of the most interesting findings is the archeological sites, which are said to have been Korean paper mills found in Mongolia. In other words, it is believed that in several places in Mongolia there were so called Korean cities where there were paper mills. For example, Mongolian archaeologists have reported that the ruins in Ongon soum, Sukhbaatar Province, were a Korean paper mill. Third, the Mongols in Persia continued to use Korean-produced papers in the final years of its empire. If so, it is likely that a large number of paintings belonged to the period of Il Khanate were drawn on the Korean hand-made papers. Another interesting historical fact is that these illustrated books written during the reign of Il Khanate were disseminated in Korea.
Recent Progress on Mongolian Language Life Survey
Authors: Teniger Borjigin , Badma-odsar Borjigin 
Published: October 2023

Summary
The study first defined the basic issues such as language life, language life survey and the setting of Mongolian language life survey. Then it carried out systematic and comprehensive description of the recent progress of the major project “Mongolian Language Life Survey” supported by the National Social Science Fund of China, from the following aspects such as field investigation, data collection, sorting and application, academic exchanges at home and abroad, publication of stage achievements, conclusions and several issues worthy of consideration.
TAX POLICY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE (1206-1405)
Authors: Oyuntsetseg D. , Tuul S. , Lagnai T. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
According to historical sources, property differences arose at a certain stage of human history, and taxes have been levied since the formation of class societies and states. Tax comes from the Greek word “Gift”, because, initially, citizens gave gifts to the government on a voluntary basis. As a result, the king believed that the citizens should pay taxes because he was serving the people, so the gift turned into a compulsory tribute, and taxes arose. For example, in the 12th-11th centuries BC, citizens began to pay taxes at the king’s expense. Today, taxes are defined as money that is collected from enterprises, organizations, and citizens, voluntarily or by force, and is transferred to the state budget. In the 10th and 18th centuries, when a state was formed in Mongolia, citizens began to pay tribute to the lords and authorities, and the foundation of taxation was laid. There is no one who can argue that taxes are the basis for the prosperity of the Mongolian state. That’s why it is said that “under the existence of the state there is the existence of taxes, and under the existence of taxes there is the existence of the state”. Researchers have considered the history of taxation in Mongolia in 5 stages. In this article, we have included a brief history of the development of taxes in Mongolia and the policies of the great kings of Mongolia regarding taxes.
INTERPRETING THE FOOD OF THE 13TH CENTURY OF MONGOLIANS THROUGH THE HISTORICAL SOURCES
Authors: Bilegsaikhan M. , Amarjargal S. , Enkhtuya N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It is natural to consider the food and the food resources that have been formed in accordance with extreme climate and geographical conditions based on the basic farming of the Mongolian Nation, which has been preserved for many centuries, as having a geographical origin. Key historical sources such as “History of the Mongols”, “A Journey to the East”, “The Book of Wonders” written by travelers of the 13th century, and “The Secret History of the Mongols” as well as the book “A Cuisine Bureau of Mongols” suggest that the nomadic tribes of the Central Asian highlands have had a heritage of meat and dairy product cuisine. Meat, dairy products, wild plants, and hunting prey were consumed as primary sources of nutrition for early Mongolians. As per the nomadic food culture, contemporary Mongolians are accustomed to combining meat with dairy products to balance their food calories through different seasons of the year. The primary set of ingredients used in Mongolian cuisine has remained unchanged for centuries, whilst the types of food have expanded to about 300 in the past century. The dieting habits and food types have their origins in ordinary households. As such, it is interesting to trace the contribution of early Mongolian cuisine to the development of the world’s meat and milk-based foodways. Finally, this paper also shows how the foodways of early Mongols, created in response to local environmental conditions and socio-economic contexts, are preserved in the traditions, customs, and agricultural production of present-day Mongolians and other nomadic people, and continue to thrive in the present day as an invaluable cultural heritage.
Recyclable oil resistant paper with enhanced water resistance based on alkyl ketene dimer modified sodium alginate
Authors: Ma Liyan , Liu Shuai , Shi Jiahui , Wu Rina , Lu Peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sustainable coatings exhibit potential in enhancing oil resistance of packaging paper. Alkyl ketone dimer (AKD) was used to esterify sodium alginate (SA) to prepare water and oil resistant agent SAD. As SAD was coated on paper, it reduced the surface energy and blocked the fiber pores of paper, thus improving the barrier performance of paper. The oil resistance grade can reach grade 6 at coating amount of 2.13 ± 0.26 g/m2, which is qualified for food packaging. The coated paper also showed good barrier to hot castor oil. Resistance to organic solvent and water were also enhanced with initial water contact angle (WCA) increased to 69.2°. Compared with base paper, SAD coated paper had better mechanical properties and more importantly, coated paper can be effectively recycled to achieve green recycling.
Electrochemical micro- and nanobiosensors for in vivo reactive oxygen/nitrogen species measurement in the brain
Authors: Beigloo Fatemeh , Khoshkar-Vandi Samira Amiri , Pourmand Elham , Heydari Mona , Molaabasi Fatemeh , Gharib Nima , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo-Jin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this focused review, we examine the influence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) on physiological processes and the induction of oxidative stress, with particular emphasis on the brain and neuronal systems. We discuss the formation mechanisms of ROS and RNS, their significance in the brain, and various detection methods. The review investigates the latest advancements in nano-engineered electrochemical biosensors designed for in vivo monitoring of ROS and RNS in the brain tissue. We explore the electrochemical measurement of specific species, such as H2O2, superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, while providing a comparative evaluation of sensor designs for ROS and RNS detection in the brain. Finally, we offer an outlook and conclusion on the future of this field.
Stochastic fractional differential inclusion driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Moulay Hachemi Rahma Yasmina , Guendouzi Toufik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we prove the existence result for a mild solution of a fractional stochastic evolution inclusion involving the Caputo derivative in the Hilbert space driven by a fractional Brownian motion with the Hurst parameter

H
>

1
2

{H>\frac{1}{2}}

. The results are obtained by using fractional calculation, operator semigroups and the fixed point theorem for multivalued mappings.
Postconditioning with D-limonene exerts neuroprotection in rats via enhancing mitochondrial activity
Authors: Zhang Leguo , Zhao Zeyu , Jia Jianpu , Zhang Liran , Xia Ruixue , Zhu Cuimin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The key component of neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury is mitochondrial improvement. By focusing on the function of mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP-sensitive potassium (mK–ATP) channels and inflammatory responses, the current study assessed the neuroprotective potentials of lemon essential oil, D-limonene (LIM), in rats with cerebral I–R injury.

Methods
In order to simulate cerebral I–R injury, Sprague Dawley rats (n=72) were subjected to a two h local ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery blockage, followed by a 24 h reperfusion period. Five minutes before starting reperfusion, rats were intraperitoneally given LIM at doses of 10 or 100 mg/kg. Cerebral infarct volume was assessed by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining, brain activity by behavioral tests and mitochondrial function/biogenesis, as well as proinflammatory cytokines by fluorometry, immunoblotting and other related techniques.

Results
When compared to the untreated control group, the administration of LIM substantially and dose-dependently decreased cerebral infarct volumes and neurological deficits (p<0.01). I–R injury-induced alterations in mitochondrial membrane depolarization, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), and superoxide dismutase (mnSOD), as well as inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, were all significantly reversed after treatment with LIM 100 mg/kg (p<0.01). Additionally, this dose of LIM increased the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis proteins PGC-1α, TFAM, and NRF1. Interestingly, blockage of mK–ATP channels by 5-hydoxydecanoate diminished the effects of LIM on cerebral positive endpoints, cytokines production, and mitochondrial function/biogenesis.

Conclusions
Thus, the strong neuroprotective effects of LIM-postconditioning were mediated by an increase in mK–ATP channel activity, which improved mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed inflammatory responses.
Educación de III Ciclo de la Enseñanza General Básica y Diversificada Académica: análisis comparativo de las estructuras curriculares bajo la mirada de la inclusión, exclusión y desigualdad educativa
Authors: Seravalli Monge Giannina 
Published: October 2023

Within the framework of the research activity carried out from the program Profiles, Dynamics and Challenges of Costa Rican Education from CIDE, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, a comparative study was conducted among the different socio-educational factors and inclusion-exclusion actions present in the secondary educational level at a national scope. As a result, a description of the conformation of the public education system was made and the study plans are analyzed taking as a reference the provisions of the Ministry of Public Education and in the document called Compendium of Offers and Services of the Costa Rican Educational System 2016. For the analysis, an assessment of the curricular characteristics was carried out, in terms of subjects and number of lessons, of each curricular plan and the description of each of them was compared using the study plan of traditional academic schools as a point of reference. The main goal of doing this analysis was to identify whether the different curricular proposals could generate inclusion, exclusion, and educational inequality from the student training processes on the Costa Rican public education subject curricula.
UNA reflexión sobre el perfil del estudiantado del Bachillerato en la Enseñanza del Inglés para I y II Ciclos, en relación con el contexto rural de la escuela unidocente en Costa Rica
Authors: Fonseca Benavides Karla Fabiola , Zamora Isabel Badilla , Artavia Carolina Carrillo , Solano Jessenia Rivera 
Published: October 2023

This academic essay aims to generate a reflection on the profile of the students of the major of English Teaching for I and II Cycles of the Universidad Nacional, in response to the multigrade school as an educational context in Costa Rica. For this, it begins with a brief historical review, as a contextualization, of the importance of the major being a pioneer in the incorporation of this type of primary educational institution in the formation of its university students. Subsequently, a mention is made about the pedagogical competences, at the level of professorship and baccalaureate, as a profile of the students of the major. In addition, a description of the characteristics of the single-teacher school is included, which must be considered within the training and professional awareness of the student body. Finally, it is mentioned how the program has been strengthening the professional profile of its students through The Umbrella English Teaching Project, the inter-unit work between the Basic Education Department [División de Educación Básica - DEB] and the Rural Education Department [División de Educación Rural - DER], and the participation of the student body in pedagogical activities of didactic and investigative training.
How Do the Demographic Differences of Architectural Students Correlate to Their Performance in Multidisciplinary Fields?
Authors: Soliman Mona H. , Farag Mamdouh , Hosny Fatima A. 
Published: October 2023

Architectural education needs creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. However, little research has looked into how demographic differences, especially gender and learning style, affect the performance of architecture students especially in multidisciplinary curricula. Therefore, the paper aims to investigate the relationship between learning styles and gender among architecture students and their academic performance in a biomimicry-based practice. A practice one-week workshop was employed with a sample of architecture students to identify their idea-generation style and creativity, through novelty, resolution, and elaboration. The study found that Learning styles greatly influence idea generation style preferences and creativity performance in teamwork. Females tend to be more collaborative idea-generators during the initial stages than males. Also, Scores of novelty and elaboration were more closely tied to learning styles, while resolution scores were more associated with gender. Despite many limitations such as the focus on a specific multidisciplinary field (the architectural articulation of biomimicry), the results contribute to the development of architecture teaching strategies and the broader field of biomimicry by providing insights into how different students approach biomimicry-based design challenges.
Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Allium Sativum (Garlic) On the Histomorphology and Biochemical Parameters of Lead -Induced Cerebellar Injury on the Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Agu Augustine U , Chime Samuel C , Duru Kelechi , Abah Stephanie I , Ogonnadi Kpokuechukwu C , Ugwu Augustus U 
Published: October 2023

The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of an aqueous extract of Allium sativum on the biochemical parameters and histo-architecture of lead-induced cerebella damage in male Wistar rats. Sixteen male rats were procured for the study. They were divided into 4 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 (Control group) received only food and water, those in group 2 were given lead at the dosage of 120 mg/kg body weight. Group 3 received lead at the dosage of 120 mg/kg body weight and the extract at 300 mg/kg body weight while those in group 4 were given lead at the dosage of 120 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract. The extracts were administered orally for 21 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical evaluation. The rats were sacrificed, and their cerebella were harvested for histo-morphological studies. The levels of Superoxide dismutase (22.49 ± 1.21) and Malondialdehyde (1.17 ± 0.092) were normal in group 1. There was significant derangement in their levels in group 2, Superoxide dismutase (9.83 ± 0.93) and Malondialdehyde (11.42 ± 1.82). In groups 3 and 4, the levels of Superoxide dismutase increased towards the levels of the control group (12.81 ± 1.13, 16.06 ± 0.29), while those of Malondialdehyde also decreased towards the levels of the control group (6.49 ± 0.57, 3.12 ± 0.36). The histo-architecture of the cerebella in group 1, appeared normal, those in group 2 showed traumatic encephalopathy of the granular cell layer. In groups 3 and 4, there was mild tissue traumatic encephalopathy. The extract of A. sativum showed a significant protective effect on the biochemical parameters and histo-architecture of lead-induced cerebella damage in adult male Wistar rats.