bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft multi‐layer actuators integrated with the functions of electrical energy harvest and storage
Authors: Feng Haihang , Zhou Peidi , Peng Qinglu , Weng Mingcen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSoft multi‐layer actuators are smart, lightweight, and flexible, which can be used in a wide range of fields such as artificial muscles, advanced medical devices, and wearable devices. The research on the actuation property of the soft actuators has made significant progress, paving the way for the controllable motions of the actuators. However, compared with the intelligence and adaptability of life in nature, these actuators still have the problem of insufficient intelligence. The phenomenon is reflected in a lack of continuous supply of energy. Therefore, it has become a development trend to combine functions such as energy harvesting, storage, and conversion with actuators to build intelligent actuators. This concept presents a synopsis of the advancements made in soft actuators that have been coupled with the capabilities of electrical energy harvesting and storage. The design concepts and typical applications of this soft smart actuators are introduced in detail. Finally, the future research directions and applications of smart actuators are prospected from our perspective.
Global myocardial work in coronary artery disease patients without regional wall motion abnormality: Correlation with Gensini‐score
Authors: Li Miao , Wang Yuhao , Li Lin , Wu Wenfang , Qian Rong , Zhang Pingyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of coronary atherosclerotic diseases (CAD) without regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) is important for improving the outcome of cardiovascular events. Global myocardial work (GMW), including global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global myocardial work efficiency (GWE), offer comprehensive quantitative assessment of myocardial function in CAD.HypothesisWe hypothesized that GMW could provide incremental value in detecting CAD without RWMA.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐four patients referred for coronary angiography (CAG) without resting RWMA were enrolled in this study. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), GWI, GCW, GWW, GWE were quantified. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated by Gensini score (GS) based on CAG. We further divided CAG‐confirmed CAD patients into three subgroups according to the tertiles of GS: low 0 < GS ≤ 17, mid 17 < GS ≤ 38, and high GS > 38.ResultsCompared with control, CAD patients showed decreased GLS, GWE, GWI, GCW but an increased GWW. Compared to low‐GS group, GWW was increased in the mid‐GS group. GLS, GWE, GWI and GCW were decreased in the high‐GS group while GWW was increased. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that GWE was the most powerful predictor of high‐GS and was superior to GLS. GWE under 92.0% had the optimal sensitivity and specificity for identifying high‐GS.ConclusionThe proposed GWE, which outperformed the conventional GLS, could be considered as a potential predictive indicator to help to detect severe coronary disease in non‐RWMA CAD patients.
Carboranes as Potent Phenyl Mimetics: A Comparative Study on the Reversal of ABCG2‐Mediated Drug Resistance by Carboranylquinazolines and Their Organic Isosteres
Authors: Stockmann Philipp , Kuhnert Lydia , Leinung Wencke , Krajnović Tamara , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela , Honscha Walther , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultidrug resistance is a major challenge in clinical cancer therapy. In particular, overexpression of certain ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, like the efflux transporter ABCG2, also known as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), has been associated with the development of resistance to applied chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapies, and therefore targeted inhibition of BCRP‐mediated transport might lead to reversal of this (multidrug) resistance (MDR). In a previous study, we have described the introduction of a boron‐carbon cluster, namely closo‐dicarbadodecaborane or carborane, as an inorganic pharmacophore into a polymethoxylated 2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐amine backbone. In this work, the scope was extended to the corresponding amide derivatives. As most of the amide derivatives suffered from poor solubility, only the amide derivative QCe and the two amine derivatives DMQCc and DMQCd were further investigated. Carboranes are often considered as sterically demanding phenyl mimetics or isosteres. Therefore, the organic phenyl and sterically demanding adamantyl analogues of the most promising carborane derivatives were also investigated. The studies showed that the previously described DMQCd, a penta‐methoxylated N‐carboranyl‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐amine, was by far superior to its organic analogues in terms of cytotoxicity, inhibition of the human ABCG2 transporter, as well as the ability to reverse BCRP‐mediated mitoxantrone resistance in MDCKII‐hABCG2 and HT29 colon cancer cells. Our results indicate that DMQCd is a promising candidate for further in vitro as well as in vivo studies in combination therapy for ABCG2‐overexpressing cancers.
Analyzing the color availability of AI‐generated posters based on K‐means clustering: 74% orange, 38% cyan, 32% yellow, and 28% blue‐cyan
Authors: Rong Anqi , Hansopaheluwakan‐Edward Nina , Li Dian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this exploratory study, we delved deeply into the intricate interplay of color choices within AI‐generated and human‐designed posters, analyzing a sample of 120 instances from each category. While it is suggested that human designers may integrate cultural, emotional, and situational contexts into their creations, AI models largely base their selections on vast datasets and pattern recognition. Although AI exhibited prowess in replicating established design parameters, the study underlined the importance of critically assessing its outputs. The quantitative analysis illuminated overarching similarities in primary color selections. However, the AI's diversity in color remains less concentrated than that of human, suggesting a gap in the AI's capacity to match human expertise in color proportioning and distribution. As AI continues to evolve, it is crucial to discern its capabilities and potential limitations in the design domain, ensuring it augments human creativity rather than supplanting it. Notably, the research refrains from seeking human validation, aiming instead for an objective, data‐driven reflection on the convergences and divergences between AI‐generated and human designs.
β‐Disubstituted Pentacene Derivatives: Thin Film Structural Properties and Four‐Probe Field Effect Mobility
Authors: Aliouat Mouaad‐Yassine , Cristiano Filadelfo , Abbassi Lydia , Escoubas Stéphanie , Mesnilgrente Fabien , Salvagnac Ludovic , Šámal Michal , Rybáček Jiří , Sturm Ludmilla , Gourdon André , Jančařík Andrej , Séguy Isabelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract2,9‐ and 2,10‐diphenylpentacene were synthesized by direct C−H borylation of ketal‐protected pentacene, followed by halodeboronation, resolution of the dihalo isomers, Suzuki arylation, cleavage of the ketals and decarbonylation in the solid state. They were studied as main active components in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Diphenyl substitution of pentacene affects the unit cell dimensions only slightly, preserving a face to edge molecular packing in the first layers of thin films evaporated on SiO2 substrates. Both isomers self‐assemble into nanoribbons during the thin film growth upon vapor deposition. The similarity between the surface induced phases of the 2,9‐isomer and unsubstituted pentacene leads to similar 4‐probe hole mobilities, i. e. 0.13 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the former. Whereas 2,9‐disubstitution thus does essentially preserve the thin film characteristics of unsubstituted pentacene, 2,10‐disubstitution is detrimental to the molecular ordering in the thin films and therefore to the field effect mobility which is only 0.07 cm2 V−1 s−1. The known strong enhancement of field effect mobility observed upon diphenyl substitution of anthracene can thus not be emulated analogously with pentacene.
Therapeutic games to reduce anxiety and depression in young people: A systematic review and exploratory meta‐analysis of their use and effectiveness
Authors: Eve Zarah , Turner Martin , Di Basilio Daniela , Harkin Benjamin , Yates Alan , Persson Sofia , Henry John , Williams Ashley , Walton Geoff , Jones Marc V. , Whitley Charlotte , Craddock Nathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe development of serious games for mental wellbeing is a topic of growing interest. The increase in acceptance of games as a mainstream entertainment medium combined with the immersive qualities of games provides opportunities for meaningful support and intervention in mental wellbeing.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and exploratory meta‐analysis to examine if aspects of the interventions influenced outcomes as measured via overall effect sizes. We employed a multilevel meta‐analytic approach to accommodate the interdependency of effect sizes (18 effect sizes from 14 studies, with 2027 participants).ResultsOverall, the main effect for gaming interventions on any outcome variable was small to medium sized, d = .35 (confidence interval [.23, 47], p < .001). Results revealed that the only significant moderator was the nature of the intervention. Specifically, only interventions that included a rational emotional behavioural focus significantly predicted an improvement in depression and/or anxiety in participants.ConclusionThe findings reveal promising effects for therapeutic games for mental health, but replications are needed, alongside the addressing of methodological and procedural concerns.
Quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse and cognitive enhancers in influent wastewater by means of two chromatographic methods
Authors: Frankenfeld Fabian , Wagmann Lea , Jacobs Cathy M. , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSewage‐based epidemiology using influent wastewater is used to estimate the consumption trends of (illicit) drugs over a short or long period of time in a subpopulation. The current study aimed to develop two separate methods for the quantitative analysis of selected drugs of abuse (DOA) and cognitive enhancers in influent wastewater using reversed‐phase (RP) or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS/MS). The performance of RP and HILIC column was evaluated. A simple solid phase extraction was used for sample preparation. Short runtimes of 10 and 15 min on the RP and the HILIC column, respectively, allowed sufficient throughput. A six‐point calibration was used for quantification with calibration ranges between 10 and 100 ng/L for all analytes except for benzoylecgonine (BZE, 30–300 ng/L). Method validation was performed according to ICH guideline M10. Analytes such as amphetamine (AMPH), BZE, cocaethylene (CE), cocaine (COC), ethyl sulfate, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxymethamphetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine, methylphenidate (MPH), and ritalinic acid (RA) were included in method development and validation. Two different column types were necessary for sufficient chromatographic resolution. The analytical setup allowed detection of all other analytes at concentration levels between 1 ng/L for methylphenidate to 10 ng/L for amphetamine. A method for the detection and quantification of DOA, cognitive enhancers, and their biomarkers in wastewater was successfully developed and validated. Moreover, six proof‐of‐concept samples were analyzed in which AMPH, BZE, COC, MDMA, MPH, and RA were identified and further quantified.
Swedish bureaucratic biodiversity: Analysing municipal worker discourse with the theory of sociocultural viability
Authors: Singleton Benedict E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCities are important sites for societal transitions towards sustainability, which is increasingly recognised around the issue of biodiversity conservation and protection. However, cities are often characterised by the need to develop and grow. Furthermore, efforts to promote sustainable development have been criticised as failing to address the fundamental causes of environmental destruction. In this article, based on interviews with bureaucrats and documentary analysis, I explore urban planning and biodiversity protection at four Swedish municipalities. Biodiversity protection has been an official goal in Sweden for 30 years. As such, my research aim is to explore how Swedish bureaucrats represent efforts to balance imperatives to develop cities and protect biodiversity. Taking an institutional approach, I identify what information is included and excluded. In assessing municipal discourse, I utilise the theory of sociocultural viability, which provides an analytical typology of four worldviews. I identify that within respondents' discourse, biodiversity primarily emerges as a product of a hierarchical view of reality, as a measurable object; an indicator; a characteristic; and as a provider that is both engineerable and replaceable. This was despite numerous respondents articulating an egalitarian desire for more holistic interpretations of biodiversity in urban planning, appreciative of its inherent worth. This suggests that biodiversity has largely been integrated into extant hierarchical conceptualisations of public administration. According to cultural theory, addressing wicked policy problems effectively requires insight from several of the typology's worldviews. As such, current practice may reiterate dominant contemporary views on nature rather than innovation towards a radically different society.
Association of mild kidney dysfunction with diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Vernooij Robin W. M. , van Ommen Anne‐Mar L. N. , Valstar Gideon B. , Cramer Maarten Jan , Teske Arco J. , Menken Roxana , Hofstra Leo , Rutten Frans H. , Bots Michiel L. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Verhaar Marianne C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsWe aim to investigate the association between kidney dysfunction and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction parameters and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and whether this is sex‐specific.Methods and resultsWe included participants from the HELPFul observational study. Outpatient clinical care data, including echocardiography, and an expert panel judgement on HFpEF was collected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by creatinine and cystatin C without race. The association between eGFR with E/e′, left ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness, and stage C/D heart failure was tested by multivariable adjusted regression models, stratified by sex, reporting odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% confidence interval). We analysed 880 participants, mean age 62.9 (standard deviation: 9.3) years, 69% female. Four hundred six participants had mild (37.6%) kidney dysfunction (eGFR: 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2) or moderate (8.5%) kidney dysfunction (eGFR: 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2). HFpEF was significantly more prevalent in participants with mild and moderate kidney dysfunction (10.3% and 16.0%, respectively) than participants with normal kidney function (3.4%). A lower kidney function was associated with higher E/e′ and higher relative wall thickness values. Participants with moderate kidney dysfunction had a higher likelihood of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage C/D HF (odds ratio: 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.23, 3.49) than participants with normal kidney functions.ConclusionsBoth mild and moderate kidney dysfunction are independently associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction parameters and HFpEF. This association is independent of sex and strongest for moderate kidney dysfunction. Considering mild‐to‐moderate kidney dysfunction as risk factor for HFpEF may help identify high‐risk groups benefiting most from early intervention.
Use of invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing to diagnose preload reserve failure in patients with liver disease
Authors: Ahlers Carolyn G. , Patel Priyesh , Parikh Kishan , Fudim Marat 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this case series, we describe the use of invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) to diagnose heart failure due to preload reserve failure in two patients with progressive dyspnoea. We demonstrate that underlying liver disease contributes to preload reserve failure as a cause of exertional dysfunction. In liver diseases such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fibrotic changes to the sinusoidal liver architecture occur leading to an increased transhepatic sinusoidal pressure gradient. Even at the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD, changes in hepatic blood flow are seen due to outflow block in the sinusoidal area. In this way, changes to the sinusoidal liver architecture can lead to limitations in preload reserve. This case series describes two patients with exertional dyspnoea found to have preload failure on iCPET due to underlying liver disease.
Effect of Apical Ligands, Substituents and Oxidation States on the Electronic Structure of Co(III) Corrolates
Authors: Neuman Nicolás I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCobalt(III) corroles are the most commonly studied types of metallocorroles, yet the details of their electronic structure, ground spin states and place of redox events are not always straightforward. Corroles are redox active, potentially non‐innocent ligands, and it has been found through various experimental and computational techniques, that the innocent or non‐innocent behavior is modulated by the apical ligands bound to the cobalt center. In this work, we aim to analyze the effect of corrole substituents and number and type of apical ligands on the electronic structure of cobalt corroles through density functional and wavefunction theories, and to determine the relative energies between closed‐ and open‐shell states. We further perform preliminary analyses on the place of electron abstraction upon oxidation and on the effect of the corrole and apical ligands on the cobalt ligand field splittings. We find that both ligand field and electron‐donating or withdrawing effects determine the relative energies of open‐shell and closed shell singlet states.
Rapid assessment of degraded frying oil quality using interdigitated microelectrode capacitive sensors
Authors: Thao Le Quang , Kien Do Trung , Thien Nguyen Duy , Bach Ngo Chi , Dung Tran Thi , Thuy Luong Thi Minh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFrying oil is essential in food processing, influencing both the taste and safety of fried foods. However, its quality can deteriorate with repeated use, posing potential risks. Many current methods for evaluating its quality, such as spectroscopic techniques, are time‐consuming and costly. Our study introduces an affordable and rapid device that uses electrical capacitance to assess the quality of frying oil. We developed a capacitive sensor equipped with interdigitated microelectrodes (IEMs) to measure the oil's dielectric constant. After calibrating the sensor's features, we achieved highly precise results. Our design utilized Corel software for drafting and CNC machinery for precise sensor fabrication. In air, the sensor's measurements closely aligned with theoretical predictions, registering an R2 value above 0.7. We identified a correlation between frying frequency and significant shifts in the dielectric constant across three oil samples. Using a signal circuit to adjust the oscillation frequency and a microprocessor for data interpretation, we classified oils into three safety categories: safe, moderate, and risky. Our device provides a cost‐effective and user‐friendly solution to assess frying oil quality, proactively addressing health concerns arising from oil degradation.Practical Applications: Our capacitive sensor device can be widely applied in the food industry and restaurants, ensuring the safety and quality of fried products. By using this device, manufacturers and kitchens can make informed decisions about reusing frying oil or replacing it as needed, reducing wasted oil. This cost‐saving device also has the potential to contribute to improving food safety issues.
Differentially Protected Glycols from α‐Halo Boronic Esters and Lithiated Benzoates
Authors: Bojaryn K. , Hirschhäuser C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the presence of sparteine 2,4,6‐triisopropylbenzoates were lithiated enantioselectively in order to generate chiral d1 reagents. Their reaction with α‐halo boronic esters, resembling chiral a1 reagents, was explored. Enantiomerically enriched α‐halo boronic esters are readily available by Matteson Homologation (MH). A model reaction with α‐bromopentyl pinandiol boronate was optimized to an acceptable yield but proved to be quite sensitive. Generation of the d1 reagent from the corresponding stannane stabilized the protocol and delivered moderate yields for β‐unsubstituted α‐halo boronic esters. Good to excellent yields were obtained for β‐substituted α‐halo boronic esters, which can be generated by iterative MH, thus establishing this method as a useful terminus for an iterative Matteson sequence.
Synthesis and Properties of Diindeno[1,2,3‐cd:1′,2′,3′‐mn]pyrene and Two of Its Aza‐Analogs
Authors: Khomutetckaia Aleksandra , Hildebrandt Niels , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of heteroatoms into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been recognized as valuable tool to alter their inherent optical and electrochemical properties and are thought as promising next‐generation semiconductor materials. We herein report the synthesis of diindenopyrene, a fragment of C70 and two of its nitrogen‐doped aza‐analogs. The developed synthetic procedure is based on Brønsted‐acid‐mediated cycloisomerization followed by Pd‐catalyzed C−H‐activation as key‐steps. The impact of N‐doping on the optical and electrochemical properties has been studied and the experimental results are supported by DFT calculations.
Photoreductive Alkylative Dearomatization of N‐Alkyl Pyridin‐1‐ium Salts: Site Selective Access to 4‐Alkyl 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Xu Chong‐Hui , Zeng Liang , Hu Ming , Qin Jing‐Hao , Xu Xin‐Hua , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA visible light photoreductive dearomatizative alkylation of N‐alkyl pyridinium salts for producing 4‐alkyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines is described. The reaction harnesses N‐alkyl pyridinium salts both as the alkyl radical precursors to initiate the reaction and as the 1,4‐dihydropyridin‐4‐yl‐based alkylating reagents to terminate the reaction. In contrast to the reported electroreductive procedure via the key dihydropyridine radical intermediates, mechanistic studies demonstrate that this photoreductive dearomatizative alkylation proceeds via directly alkyl radical addition across the pyridinium ring followed by single electron oxidant (SEO) and dearomatization.