bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention in clinical and non-clinical contexts
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines the common therapeutic approaches adopted with individuals seen after self-harm, categorized by their duration and the expertise required to deliver them. First, very brief interventions include safety planning and problem-solving approaches. Second, brief focused therapies typically involve 4–6 sessions and include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and interpersonal therapies. Third, more extensive therapies may be suitable for people with a history of repeated self-harm and include dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) and psychodynamic therapies. Therapies are likely to need to be modified for use in special settings such as schools and in the criminal justice system, and for high-risk groups such as sexual and gender minorities, those with severe physical illness and those with a learning disability and/or autism. There is a particular challenge in delivering therapies in low-income settings.
The personal encounter with self-harm
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , House Allan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this chapter we outline the framework for a comprehensive approach to the encounter with somebody who has self-harmed. First there is inevitably a requirement for some sort of evaluation including of physical state, mental state, and social circumstances. How long this might take and which element predominates will depend upon the immediate circumstances, such as the need for immediate physical treatment or evidence of active suicide risk. A wider and more detailed review can follow. This review includes identifying past and present coping strategies. All of these elements can then be incorporated into a formulation and associated personal plan. In all stages of the encounter, the nature of the personal interaction is as important as its content. Care is required to ensure that what happens can be experienced as far as possible as supportive, non-judgemental, respectful, sensitive to cultural context, and as far as possible confidential.
Peripheral neuropathy in systemic sclerosis with proximal nerve involvement: Diagnostic challenges and response to corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Suzuki Takehiro , Kawasaki Takahiro , Beck Goichi , Takenaka Noyuri , Ogawa Kotaro , Itotagawa Eri , Matsukawa Kazuki , Ohashi Michiko , Kaneko Takeshi , Oguro-Igashira Eri , Mizuno Yumiko , Izumi Mayuko , Tsujimoto Kohei , Okita Yasutaka , Morita Takayoshi , Watanabe Akane , Kato Yasuhiro , Nishide Masayuki , Nishida Sumiyuki , Shima Yoshihito , Narazaki Masashi , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Peripheral neuropathy is a complication in systemic sclerosis (SSc) that is occasionally encountered in clinical settings. The mechanisms underlying this condition remain unclear and treatment strategies have not yet been established, making management challenging. Here, we report a case of peripheral neuropathy associated with SSc that was successfully treated with corticosteroid therapy despite the absence of conventional inflammatory findings on histopathology or blood tests. A 44-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with SSc presented with gradually worsening paresthesia and gait disorder. A nerve conduction study and histological examination of a biopsy sample from the left sural nerve, where the nerve conduction study indicated abnormalities, revealed findings consistent with peripheral neuropathy associated with SSc. The results of blood tests or cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not indicate significant inflammatory findings, aside from a slight elevation in protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Similarly, the histological analysis of the nerve biopsy showed no signs of inflammation. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar region revealed hyperintensity at the nerve roots, suggesting inflammation at the nerve roots. Based on these findings, we initiated corticosteroid therapy, which led to an improvement in both the patient’s symptoms and results in the nerve conduction study. This case provides new insights into the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy associated with SSc and highlights that the potential benefits of immunosuppressive therapy should not be overlooked, even in the absence of conventional inflammatory signs.
Fever among Pertussis Cases Reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance, 2015–2022
Authors: Hughes Michelle M , Rubis Amy , Acosta Anna M , Aden Vanessa , Firmender Patricia , Horn Kate , Stanislawski Emma , Wester Rachel , Youngkin Erin , Cruz Victor , Skoff Tami H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fever is not considered a typical presentation of pertussis. We characterized fever among 7,840 pertussis from CDC’s Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance with cough onset from 2015–2022. Ten percent of cases had a reported fever. The presence of fever should not rule out pertussis as a cause of cough illness.
Philosophies of competition policy
Authors: Werden Gregory J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
At a high level of abstraction, different approaches to competition policy are philosophies that differ as to the proper intensity, scope, and focus of enforcement. These three components of a philosophy largely govern the decisions made by enforcement agencies and courts. This article describes, compares, and traces the history of major philosophies and their components. The article concludes by recommending that every competition enforcement agency release a statement of its philosophy, and by sketching the author’s philosophy.
Temporal dynamics of copepod taxa and trophic groups in a long-term time series in the NW-Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Garcia Théo , Bănaru Daniela , Guilloux Loïc , Berline Léo , Carlotti François 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the context of structural and functional changes in the pelagic environment, and the oligotrophication and the temperature increase of the North Western Mediterranean, this study analyses a 17-year time series (2006–2022) of copepod temporal variability in the Bay of Marseille. Mesozooplankton was sampled bimonthly (0–55 m) together with biotic and abiotic parameters. This study focuses on the temporal dynamics and ecological niches of copepod taxa and trophic groups. In the Bay of Marseille, herbivorous copepods, Clausocalanus–Paracalanus–Ctenocalanus–Pseudocalanus, dominated the community in abundance. From taxa realized niches, we identified that temperature and trophic conditions drove the seasonal and interannual dynamics of copepods. During the summer months of recent years, the increasing oligotrophication and warming of the seawater favoured carnivorous copepods. A shift in the copepod community structure since the mid-2010s was demonstrated, with a decrease in total copepod abundance and reduced dominance of spring copepod taxa. The trophic group dynamics were mostly driven by a few dominant taxa in each group. Recent environmental conditions favoured increases in the abundance of two warm-water affinity species (Corycaeidae and Temora stylifera) and were unfavourable to a cold-water affinity species (Calanus helgolandicus).
Conditions favoring phagotrophy can lead to larger cell sizes in some freshwater mixoplankton
Authors: Girard Frédérick , Garnier Amélie , Hughes Riley , Sarran Charlie , Harvey Eric , Beisner Beatrix E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cell size is a critical regulator of many metabolic processes in protists. We explored whether body size and abundances vary consistently in phytoplankton capable of both autotrophy and heterotrophy (mixoplankton) by manipulating environmental stoichiometric conditions in a mesocosm experiment. We applied two allochthonous subsidy treatments: high C: nutrient ratios (leaves) should favour bacterivory through phagotrophy, while low ratios (insects) should favour autotrophy. We identified three focal mixoplankton taxa, common in our study system and that represented facultative (Cryptomonas sp. and Plagioselmis sp) and more obligate phagotrophs (Ochromonas sp.). Ochromonas was largest in the leaf treatment, which were also associated with larger sizes in Cryptomonas (but not the other cryptophyte). The obligately mixotrophic Ochromonas responded more significantly to conditions favouring phagotrophy than did the facultative phagotrophic cryptophytes. All mixoplankton taxa densities declined with insect subsidies that favour autotrophy. Future research should examine a wider range of mixoplankton under varying ecological conditions.
Spatio-temporal variability of mesozooplankton distribution along the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem: a regional perspective
Authors: Goliat Yassine , Ettahiri Omar , Baibai Tarik , Rharbi Nadia , Isari Stamatina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), extending from Cape Spartel in Morocco to Guinea-Bissau, supports high primary and fisheries productivity driven by permanent or seasonal upwelling activity. During the current study, mesozooplankton and hydrographic sampling were conducted across the CCLME in the spring/summer of 2017 and the autumn/winter of 2019. The total mesozooplankton abundance and dry weight were found to be higher in 2017, partly due to the summer reproduction cycle of diplostracans. A prominent latitudinal gradient was observed in both the mesozooplankton standing stock and assemblage structure closely linked to a significant shift in oceanographic regimes at Cape Blanc (21°N). The area south of Cape Blanc, sampled during the upwelling relaxation in both years, was occupied by warmer South Atlantic Central Waters showing elevated mesozooplankton stock with a tropical assemblage structure. In contrast, cooler and more saline waters north of Cape Blanc, a result of the upwelling regime in that area, explained part of the observed variation in mesozooplankton composition among subregions and sampling periods. Our findings indicate that aside from the upwelling activity, spatiotemporal variation of mesoscale processes and topographical features at a subregional level may also shape mesozooplankton stock and assemblage structure in the CCLME.
A configurational perspective of hate crime policies
Authors: Paul Jomon A , Bagchi Aniruddha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A configurational perspective is adopted to analyse the contributory factors of hate crimes in the USA. Through a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, multiple nonlinear combinations of the policies leading to high or low hate crimes are revealed. The results provide a complementary and substitutive multiple-policy strategy to policymakers in navigating a complex, unstable environment. Specifically, the study reveals different pathways to achieving the same outcome, and certain casual relationships are found to be asymmetric and inconsistent across outcomes. Several important findings are noted from our analyses. The magnitude of hate crimes in a state is found to be monotonically related to the percentage of immigrants in the population and to labor market freedom. However, such monotonic results do not necessarily extend to other variables. For example, expenditure on education and median household incomes are associated with both high and low hate crimes.
The implementation of intrathecal morphine for caesarean delivery into clinical practice, and assessment of its impact on patient-reported quality of recovery using the ObsQoR-10-Dutch scale
Authors: van den Bosch Oscar F.C. , Rijsdijk Mienke , Rosier Suzanne E. , van Baal Lottie , Schaap Timme P. , Sultan Pervez , Bühre Wolfgang 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Optimising a mother's quality of recovery following caesarean delivery is of paramount importance as it facilitates maternal care of the newborn and affects physical, psychological and emotional well being. Intrathecal morphine (ITM) reduces postoperative pain and may improve quality of recovery: however its widespread use is limited.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of implementing ITM for caesarean delivery on postoperative quality of recovery.

STUDY DESIGN
Single-centre observational before–after study.

SETTING
Tertiary university hospital, the Netherlands, January 2023 until April 2024.

STUDY POPULATION
Patients who underwent caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia.

INTERVENTION
Patients recruited before implementation of ITM (n = 55) received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine or continuation of epidural analgesia previously used for labour (’pre-ITM group’). Patients recruited after implementation of ITM (n = 47) received ITM 100 μg and oral morphine tablets 10 mg as needed (’ITM group’).

MAIN STUDY PARAMETERS/ENDPOINTS
Primary outcome was the score on the Obstetric Quality of Recovery (ObsQoR-10-Dutch) questionnaire (0 to 100). Secondary outcomes included ObsQoR-10 subscores, length of stay, opioid consumption and self-reported general health score (0 to 100).

RESULTS
Protocol adherence for ITM was 98%. Quality of recovery improved significantly [ObsQoR-10 scores pre-ITM 65 ± 16 vs. ITM 74 ± 13 points, mean difference 9.0 (95% CI, 3.1 to 15] points, P = 0.002], with improvement in pain scores, physical comfort, independence and psychological wellbeing. In multivariate analysis, the improvement was 6.3 (95% CI, 0.37 to 12.2] points, which was statistically significant but did not reach the predefined threshold for clinical relevance. There was, however, an improvement in self-reported general health score (57 ± 18 vs. 68 ± 17, P = 0.002), median [IQR] length of hospital stay (41 [36 to 51] vs. 37 [32 to 49] hours, P = 0.032) and median [IQR] opioid consumption (52 [35 to 73] vs. 0 [0 to 0] mg, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Implementing ITM for caesarean delivery resulted in moderate improvements in obstetric recovery and reduced opioid consumption. Cautious interpretation is warranted given the nonrandomised design of this implementation study. Our findings support the use of ITM in a multimodal analgesia strategy for patients undergoing caesarean delivery.
Validation of the Pangao PG-800B18 upper-arm blood pressure monitor according to the ISO 81060-2:2018+Amd 1:2020 protocol in the general population
Authors: Chen Wan , Xiang Yuhan , Cheng Rui , Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2025

Objective
The study aimed to validate the Pangao PG-800B18 oscillometric upper-arm blood pressure monitor in the general population in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 81060-2:2018 and amendment (Amd) 1:2020 protocol.

Methods
Participants were recruited, and the same left-arm sequential method was used for blood pressure measurement in accordance with the protocol. Data validation and analysis were performed according to the protocol, and the Bland–Altman scatter plot was used to show the difference between the test device and reference results.

Results
A total of 86 participants were included in the validation analysis. For the validation criterion 1 of the protocol, the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference readings was −1.21 ± 6.71 mmHg and −0.73 ± 5.83 mmHg for systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively. Furthermore, the SD of the differences between the test device and reference readings per participant was 5.81 and 5.02 mmHg for SBP and DBP, fulfilling the criterion 2 with SD values of ≤6.95 for SBP and ≤5.89 for DBP.

Conclusion
The Pangao PG-800B18 upper-arm blood pressure monitor fulfilled the requirements of the ISO validation standard and can be recommended for clinical use and self-measurement in the general population.
Updates in atypical hemolytic syndrome
Authors: Drake Keri , Gattineni Jyothsna 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
This review aims to summarize how scientific advances in complement biology have not only improved the diagnosis and management of aHUS but also continue to offer insights into the pathophysiology of complement-mediated disease that may be leveraged for future therapeutic developments.

Recent findings
Updated information on the clinical and epidemiological features, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and potential for future therapeutic advancements in the treatment of aHUS are reviewed.

Summary
aHUS is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment as well as long-term management via a multidisciplinary team providing coordination of primary and specialty care as well as outreach and education for children and families affected by this life-long disease.
Impact of antimicrobial resistance on infections in children in Africa
Authors: Dame Joycelyn Assimeng , Bockarie Yemah Mariama , Enimil Anthony Kwame 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating public health threat in Africa, and an awareness of the devastating impact on children is growing. This review highlights the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among children in Africa, focusing on pathogens responsible for bloodstream infections, community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, neonatal infections, diarrhea and malaria. Current strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance in pediatric populations are discussed.

Recent findings
Bloodstream infections significantly contribute to child mortality, with high resistance observed in pathogens like Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, rising resistance in pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis and bacterial diarrhea challenges the effectiveness of WHO-recommended therapies. Antibiotics used to treat neonatal infections, such as ampicillin, gentamicin and cefotaxime, are threatened by high resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp, contributing to adverse neonatal outcomes. PfKelch 13 mutations linked to artemisinin resistance in parts of Africa raise public health concerns, as malaria remains a major cause of illness and death.

Summary
Stronger collaborative efforts are needed to enhance surveillance, improve diagnostic capabilities and update treatment protocols based on local pathogen sensitivities. More research is required on pediatric antimicrobial resistance in Africa.
A rare instance of adenomatoid tumor of epididymis: a case report
Authors: Bikash Mandal , Aayush Bist , Sushil Dhakal 
Published: January 2025

Introduction and importance:
Adenomatoid tumors are uncommon benign growths that usually occur in middle-aged men. Originating from mesothelial cells and are primarily found in the area near the testicles, especially at the tail of the epididymis. A clear diagnosis of the tumor is important to distinguish it from more aggressive intrascrotal tumors based on clinically and imaging tests. Overall, the prognosis for individuals with adenomatoid tumors of the epididymis is excellent, with less risk of recurrence or complications following surgical removal.

Case presentation:
This article reports on an 18-year-old male with a history of small painless mass in the scrotum around the right testis for 6 months not growing in size. There were no significant complaints related to genitourinary system nor did the patient have any past medical or surgical history. On local examination, a 2 × 2 cm2 well defined, nodular, solid, firm mass was palpable adjacent to the head of right epididymis.

Clinical discussion:
Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis are rare benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. These tumors mostly being asymptomatic are often misdiagnosed. In this patient, all the systemic examinations and Lab reports were normal and scrotal ultrasound failed to provide the exact diagnosis which eventually was proven on the histopathology section. The nodule was removed on local anesthesia. The patient was counseled and followed up routinely.

Conclusion:
The case report emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis of adenomatoid tumor and differentiates it from other similar intrascrotal masses which is crucial to avoid unnecessary interventions for patients.
Progressive ataxia, cognitive decline, urinary incontinence, and unexplained hydrocephalus: a rare case of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in epileptic patient
Authors: Shah Raju , Yogi Tek Nath , Pooja B.C , Bhusal Amrit , Koirala Ashesh , Katwal Shailendra , Shahi Shishir , Kafle Rijan , Shah Ranjan 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) poses diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping symptoms with other neurodegenerative disorders. The clinical trial of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence often mimics other conditions, making accurate diagnosis crucial.

Case presentation:
A 67-year-old male with a 40-year history of epilepsy presented with progressive gait abnormalities, cognitive decline, and bladder incontinence over 5 years. Initial evaluation revealed a magnetic gait, impaired short-term memory, and a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 17/30. MRI and CT scans showed ventriculomegaly without elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. A lumbar puncture with a positive CSF tap test confirmed iNPH, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery was performed, resulting in significant improvement in symptoms.

Discussion:
iNPH is characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. Its diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation and neuroimaging. The CSF tap test is a crucial diagnostic tool, and shunt surgery remains the standard treatment. This case underscores the need for a high index of suspicion for iNPH in patients with atypical presentations and emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up to monitor treatment efficacy.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the complexity of diagnosing iNPH, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions such as epilepsy. Thorough diagnostic evaluations and timely intervention are critical for improving patient outcomes. Long-term monitoring is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment and manage potential complications.