bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quality of teaching behaviors in learning environments of DHH students
Authors: Rivera M Christina , Catalano Jennifer A , Branum-Martin Lee , Lederberg Amy R , Antia Shirin D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Classrooms are complex learning environments, with instruction, climate, and teacher–student interactions playing important roles in students’ academic progress. To investigate the learning environments of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students, we developed a new observational tool called the Quality of the Learning Environment-DHH rating scale (QLE-DHH) and rated 98 teachers of DHH students being educated in a range of classroom environments. The present study sought to (1) determine if the items on the QLE-DHH are good indicators of theoretically meaningful dimensions of classroom quality; (2) determine to what extent these dimensions predicted language and reading outcomes of DHH students; and (3) examine how teachers of DHH students were rated on the indicators of classroom quality. The findings suggested that the QLE-DHH has excellent structural validity. Ratings predicted student reading outcomes. Finally, the QLE-DHH was able to capture teachers’ strengths and skills in need of improvement. The QLE-DHH appears to hold promise for use in both research and teacher preparation programs.
Health reform in Nigeria: the politics of primary health care and universal health coverage
Authors: Croke Kevin , Ogbuoji Osondu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade, Nigeria has seen major attempts to strengthen primary health care, through the Saving One Million Lives (SOML) initiative, and to move towards universal health care, through the National Health Act. Both initiatives were successfully adopted, but faced political and institutional challenges in implementation and sustainability. We analyse these programmes from a political economy perspective, examining barriers to and facilitators of adoption and implementation throughout the policy cycle, and drawing on political settlement analysis (PSA) to identify structural challenges which both programmes faced. The SOML began in 2012 and was expanded in 2015. However, the programme’s champion left government in 2013, a key funding source was eliminated in 2015, and the programme did not continue after external funding elapsed in 2021. The National Health Act passed in 2014 after over a decade of advocacy by proponents. However, the Act’s governance reforms led to conflict between health sector agencies, about both reform content and process. Nine years after the Act’s passage, disbursements have been sporadic, and implementation remains incomplete. Both programmes show the promise of major health reforms in Nigeria, but also the political and institutional challenges they face. In both cases, health leaders crafted evidence-based policies and managed stakeholders to achieve policy adoption. Yet political and institutional challenges hindered implementation. Institutionally, horizontal and vertical fragmentation of authority within the sector impeded coordination. Politically, electoral cycles led to frequent turnover of sectoral leadership, while senior politicians did not intervene to support fundamental institutional reforms. Using PSA, we identify these as features of a ‘competitive clientelist’ political settlement, in which attempts to shift from clientelist to programmatic policies generate powerful opposition. Nonetheless, we highlight that some policymakers sought to use health reforms to change institutions at the margin, suggesting future avenues for governance-oriented health reforms.
ERF5.1 modulates carotenoid accumulation by interacting with CCD4.1 in Lycium
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Xu Yuhui , Li Haoxia , Zhu Xinlei , Yin Yue , Zhang Xiyan , Qin Xiaoya , Zhou Jun , Duan Linyuan , Liang Xiaojie , Huang Ting , Zhang Bo , Wan Ru , Shi Zhigang , Cao Youlong , An Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carotenoids are important natural pigments and have medical and health functions for humans. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) and ethylene responsive factor (ERF) participate in carotenoid metabolism, but their roles in Lycium have not been discovered. Here, we annotated LbCCDs from the Lycium reference genome and found that LbCCD4.1 expression was significantly correlated with the carotenoid metabolites during Lycium five fruit developmental stages. Over-expression of LbCCD4.1 in NQ’s leaves resulted in a series of significantly lower contents of carotenoid metabolites, including β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. Moreover, LbERF5.1, a transcription factor belonging to the ERF family that was located in the nucleus, was isolated. Significant reductions in the carotenoids, especially lutein, violaxanthin and their derivatives, were observed in over-expressing ERF5.1 transgenic NQ’s leaves. Over-expression or virus-induced gene silencing of LbERF5.1 in NQ’s leaves induced a consistent up- or down-expression, respectively, of LbCCD4.1. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that ERF5.1 interacted with the promoter of CCD4.1 to increase its expression, and LbERF5.1 could bind to any one of the three predicted binding sites in the promoter of LbCCD4.1. A transcriptome analysis of LbERF5.1 and LbCCD4.1 over-expressed lines showed similar global transcript expression, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthase, lycopene δ-cyclase cytochrome, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97A, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97C, and zeaxanthin epoxidase in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were differentially expressed. In summary, we uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of carotenoid accumulation that involved an interaction between ERF5.1 and CCD4.1, which may be used to enhance carotenoid in Lycium.
CsMYB67 participates in the flavonoid biosynthesis of summer tea leaves
Authors: Ye Ying , Liu Ru-Yi , Li Xin , Zheng Xin-Qiang , Lu Jian-Liang , Liang Yue-Rong , Wei Chao-Ling , Xu Yong-Quan , Ye Jian-Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flavonoids are important compounds in tea leaves imparting bitter and astringent taste, which also play key roles in tea plants responding to environmental stress. Our previous study showed that the expression level of CsMYB67 was positively correlated with the accumulation of flavonoids in tea leaves as exposed to sunlight. Here, we newly reported the function of CsMYB67 in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in tea leaves. CsMYB67 was localized in the nucleus and responded to temperature. The results of transient expression assays showed the co-transformation of CsMYB67 and CsTTG1 promoted the transcription of CsANS promoter in the tobacco system. CsTTG1 was bound to the promoter of CsANS based on the results of yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and transient expression assays, while CsMYB67 enhanced the transcription of CsANS through protein interaction with CsTTG1 according to the results of yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Thus, CsMYB67-CsTTG1 module enhanced the anthocyanin biosynthesis through up-regulating the transcription of CsANS. Besides, CsMYB67 also enhanced the transcription of CsFLS and CsUFGT through forming transcription factor complexes. The function of CsMYB67 on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea leaves was validated by gene suppression assay. As CsMYB67 was suppressed, the transcriptional level of CsFLS was greatly reduced, leading to a significant increase in the contents of total catechins and total anthocyanidins. Hence, CsMYB67 plays an important role in regulating the downstream pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis in summer tea leaves.
The red/far-red light photoreceptor FvePhyB regulates tissue elongation and anthocyanin accumulation in woodland strawberry
Authors: Gao Qi , Hu Shaoqiang , Wang Xiaoli , Han Fu , Luo Huifeng , Liu Zhongchi , Kang Chunying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Light is an important environmental signal that influences plant growth and development. Among the photoreceptors, phytochromes can sense red/far-red light to coordinate various biological processes. However, their functions in strawberry are not yet known. In this study, we identified an EMS mutant, named P8, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) that showed greatly increased plant height and reduced anthocyanin content. Mapping-by-sequencing revealed that the causal mutation in FvePhyB leads to premature termination of translation. The light treatment assay revealed that FvePhyB is a bona fide red/far-red light photoreceptor, as it specifically inhibits hypocotyl length under red light. Transcriptome analysis showed that the FvePhyB mutation affects the expression levels of genes involved in hormone synthesis and signaling and anthocyanin biosynthesis in petioles and fruits. The srl mutant with a longer internode is caused by a mutation in the DELLA gene FveRGA1 (Repressor of GA1) in the gibberellin pathway. We found that the P8 srl double mutant has much longer internodes than srl, suggesting a synergistic role of FvePhyB and FveRGA1 in this process. Taken together, these results demonstrate the important role of FvePhyB in regulating plant architecture and anthocyanin content in woodland strawberry.
LncRNAs exert indispensable roles in orchestrating the interaction among diverse noncoding RNAs and enrich the regulatory network of plant growth and its adaptive environmental stress response
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Lin Tao , Zhu Guoning , Wu Bin , Zhang Chunjiao , Zhu Hongliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response. This includes a spectrum of ncRNA classes, ranging from small RNAs to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Notably, among these, lncRNAs emerge as significant and intricate components within the broader ncRNA regulatory networks. Here, we categorize ncRNAs based on their length and structure into small RNAs, medium-sized ncRNAs, lncRNAs, and circle RNAs. Furthermore, the review delves into the detailed biosynthesis and origin of these ncRNAs. Subsequently, we emphasize the diverse regulatory mechanisms employed by lncRNAs that are located at various gene regions of coding genes, embodying promoters, 5’UTRs, introns, exons, and 3’UTR regions. Furthermore, we elucidate these regulatory modes through one or two concrete examples. Besides, lncRNAs have emerged as novel central components that participate in phase separation processes. Moreover, we illustrate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and siRNAs with a particular emphasis on the central role of lncRNAs in serving as sponges, precursors, spliceosome, stabilization, scaffolds, or interaction factors to bridge interactions with other ncRNAs. The review also sheds light on the intriguing possibility that some ncRNAs may encode functional micropeptides. Therefore, the review underscores the emergent roles of ncRNAs as potent regulatory factors that significantly enrich the regulatory network governing plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. There are yet-to-be-discovered roles of ncRNAs waiting for us to explore.
Description and student perceptions of a medications dosing calculations course for non-healthcare majors
Authors: O’Brocta Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To describe and assess a dosing calculations course presented to first-year college honors students who are not healthcare majors. The primary objective is, can first year undergraduate college honors students, who have not enrolled in a professional healthcare program, be successful in a calculations dosing course? The secondary objective is, what are the students’ perceptions of the course?

Methods
The instructor facilitated an in-person dosage calculations course, 1 h per week over 14 weeks. Small teams of students were created to facilitate learning throughout the semester.

Key findings
All 15 students passed the course, and overall, the student perceptions were positive.

Conclusion
First-year college students, who were not healthcare majors, were able to be successful in a math and medications course. Overall, students had a positive perception of the course. Some students did have a concern about the relevance of the course to their future careers. This may be improved with the selection of healthcare students in the course for future offerings.
On statistical inference with high-dimensional sparse CCA
Authors: Laha Nilanjana , Huey Nathan , Coull Brent , Mukherjee Rajarshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider asymptotically exact inference on the leading canonical correlation directions and strengths between two high-dimensional vectors under sparsity restrictions. In this regard, our main contribution is developing a novel representation of the Canonical Correlation Analysis problem, based on which one can operationalize a one-step bias correction on reasonable initial estimators. Our analytic results in this regard are adaptive over suitable structural restrictions of the high-dimensional nuisance parameters, which, in this set-up, correspond to the covariance matrices of the variables of interest. We further supplement the theoretical guarantees behind our procedures with extensive numerical studies.
Immunoassay testing for barbiturates using alternative matrices in postmortem tissues from cats and dogs
Authors: Valerio Courtney , Romano Megan C , Sarma Rupam , Stern Adam W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The barbiturate drug pentobarbital is commonly used by veterinarians for the euthanasia of domestic animals. During the veterinary forensic autopsy, it is sometimes necessary to determine whether the animal was chemically euthanized with pentobarbital. The use of a human immunochromatographic test for barbiturate screening utilizing dog or cat urine has been previously validated; however, the use of alternative matrices for this purpose is yet to be explored when urine is not available. Postmortem heart, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, blood and/or urine samples from 20 dogs and 26 cats with a reported chemical euthanasia status were processed using two different methods, bead homogenization and sonication, and screened for barbiturates using a human immunochromatographic test. There was 100% agreement of the immunochromatographic test results using the sonication method with the reported euthanasia status of both dogs and cats. Using the bead homogenization method, agreement with the reported euthanasia status was 93.3% and 96.7% for dogs and cats, respectively, due to invalid test results from four dog and two cat samples. A subset of liver samples (10 canine and 10 feline) was analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and there was 100% agreement between the immunochromatographic test results and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results for both cats and dogs. Overall, our results support the use of a variety of alternative matrices for barbiturate screening in cats and dogs.
Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) movement and demography: methods for generating cohorts for laboratory studies
Authors: Sisterson Mark S , Uchima Sean Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Planococcus ficus (Signoret) is a worldwide pest of grapevine. Mealybugs overwinter under bark and move into the grape canopy as the season progresses. Because crawlers are more active than later stages, mealybug movement behavior is likely to be stage specific. To quantify P. ficus demography and movement behavior, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted. First, P. ficus populations were monitored on grapevine seedlings to describe survival, change in size, timing of male pupation, and timing of oviposition over a 6-wk period. Subsequently, cohorts of mealybugs were generated by infesting grapevines with crawlers and holding infested grapevines for a specified duration of 0 (crawlers), 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk. Crawlers (0-wk) were more likely to move upwards and towards a light source, than all other age cohorts tested. Further, mealybugs from 4-wk-old cohorts were more likely to move downward than all other age cohorts tested. Results suggest that crawlers are more likely to move to the top of grapevines by moving upwards and orienting towards either the sun or the moon than all other age cohorts tested, whereas older gravid females are more likely to move downward. Passive movement of mealybugs on farm machinery or animals requires surviving a host free period. To quantify risk of passive movement, establishment rates and effects of starvation on each age cohort were quantified. Larger and older mealybugs were more likely to establish on grapevines than smaller and younger mealybugs. Further, mealybug longevity in absence of food was greater for older cohorts compared to younger cohorts. Crawlers survived an average of 2 days without food, whereas females from 4-wk-old cohorts survived for an average of 11 days without food. Further, 70% of starved females from 4-wk-old cohorts deposited fertile eggs. In the absence of food, some mealybugs from cohorts aged 2-, 3-, and 4-wk formed pupa with viable males emerging. Adult males from starved nymphs lived for an average of 3 days post-emergence. Results provide methods for producing cohorts of mealybugs of predictable size and stage and provides insight into P. ficus demography and movement behavior.
Trends in hip preservation surgery in Japan from 2014 to 2019 with a focus on hip arthroscopic surgery
Authors: Fukushima Kensuke , Ogata Yuka , Ohashi Yoshihisa , Koyama Tomohisa , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Secondary hip osteoarthritis due to hip dysplasia is common among Japanese populations. This study aimed to investigate the number of hip preservation surgeries performed in Japan and assess trends, by age and sex, from 2014 to 2019, focusing on hip arthroscopic surgery, based on the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB). We downloaded the files ‘Number of calculations by division, sex, and age group’ under ‘operation (code K)’ from 2014 to 2019 from the NDB Open Data Japan database. Data on hip preservation surgeries were extracted, including the number for each surgical procedure and its incidence per year, calculated as the number of surgeries performed for each 10-year age group and by sex, regarding hip arthroscopic surgery. Overall, 14 891 hip preservation surgeries were performed in Japan over the study period, with pelvic osteotomy being the most common procedure. Although the incidence of hip preservation surgeries decreased from 2014 to 2019, there was a specific 1.54-fold higher incidence in hip arthroscopic procedures in 2019 compared to 2014. Hip arthroscopic labral repair was performed more frequently than synovectomy. The highest incidence of hip arthroscopic surgery was in the 40- to 49-years age group, with no difference in incidence between sexes (P = 0.951). In Japan, pelvic osteotomy was performed more often as a hip preservation surgery than hip arthroscopic surgery. Although hip arthroscopic surgery was developed in Japan, its use has not increased from 2017 to 2019.
A guide to facilitate the creation of a femoral tunnel for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: a three-dimensional computed tomography study
Authors: Ismailoglu Abdul Veli , Ismailoglu Pelin , Zeynalov Samir I , Ozdogmus Omer , Yildizhan Saliha Elif , Bayramoglu Alp , Kayaalp Asim 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The ideal femoral tunnel passing through the centre of the femoral neck targeted to the footprint of the ligamentum teres (LT) is established during the LT reconstruction surgery with the free-hand technique. We aimed to quantitatively determine the entry site and define the angular orientation of the ideal femoral tunnel with its relevance to the femoral valgus angle (FVA) and the femoral anteversion angle (FAA) to facilitate the creation of an ideal femoral tunnel during the LT reconstruction surgery. A total of 60 randomly selected CT images were obtained to reconstruct three-dimensional femur models. A virtual reamer representing the ideal femoral tunnel was placed in the femur models. The femur length, FVA, FAA, the femoral tunnel anterior angle, the femoral tunnel superior angle and the skin- and bony-entry sites were measured. The femoral tunnel angular orientation was strongly correlated with the FVA and the FAA. Mathematical formulas were defined by which entry site of the reamer and the anterior and superior angulation of the femoral tunnel could be estimated before the surgery. The mean skin-entry site was 67.3 mm distal and 0.1 mm anterior to the centre of the greater trochanter’s superior border. The angular orientation of the femoral tunnel using FVA and FAA can be easily estimated using mathematical formulas before LT reconstruction surgery. The entry site and angular orientation of the femoral tunnel described in this study can be used to reduce dependency on the usage of fluoroscopy and the workload on the surgeon during the LT reconstruction surgery.
Modal expansions of ririgs
Authors: Nagy AgustÍn L , Zuluaga Botero William J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the variety of $I$-modal ririgs. We characterize the congruence lattice of its members by means of $I$-filters, and we provide a description of $I$-filter generation. We also provide an axiomatic presentation for the variety generated by chains of the subvariety of contractive $I$-modal ririgs. Finally, we introduce a Hilbert-style calculus for a logic with $I$-modal ririgs as an equivalent algebraic semantics and we prove that such a logic has the parametrized local deduction-detachment theorem.
Morphological diversity of cancer cells predicts prognosis across tumor types
Authors: Sali Rasoul , Jiang Yuming , Attaranzadeh Armin , Holmes Brittany , Li Ruijiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Intratumor heterogeneity drives disease progression and treatment resistance, which can lead to poor patient outcomes. Here, we present a computational approach for quantification of cancer cell diversity in routine hematoxylin-eosin–stained histopathology images.

Methods
We analyzed publicly available digitized whole-slide hematoxylin-eosin images for 2000 patients. Four tumor types were included: lung, head and neck, colon, and rectal cancers, representing major histology subtypes (adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas). We performed single-cell analysis on hematoxylin-eosin images and trained a deep convolutional autoencoder to automatically learn feature representations of individual cancer nuclei. We then computed features of intranuclear variability and internuclear diversity to quantify tumor heterogeneity. Finally, we used these features to build a machine-learning model to predict patient prognosis.

Results
A total of 68 million cancer cells were segmented and analyzed for nuclear image features. We discovered multiple morphological subtypes of cancer cells (range = 15-20) that co-exist within the same tumor, each with distinct phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, we showed that a higher morphological diversity is associated with chromosome instability and genomic aneuploidy. A machine-learning model based on morphological diversity demonstrated independent prognostic values across tumor types (hazard ratio range = 1.62-3.23, P &lt; .035) in validation cohorts and further improved prognostication when combined with clinical risk factors.

Conclusions
Our study provides a practical approach for quantifying intratumor heterogeneity based on routine histopathology images. The cancer cell diversity score can be used to refine risk stratification and inform personalized treatment strategies.