bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work‐related learning as a core value: An Iowa perspective
Authors: Westbrook Thomas S. , Veale James R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis research explored the amount of time that 1,031 full‐time workers in Iowa spent on work‐related learning, their attitudes about the amount of time spent, and the organizational and cultural aspects that enhanced or deterred their learning. Results showed that there is a disconnect between the emphasis on continuous learning in the human resource development literature and individual and organizational practices that advance learning as a core value.
Erodibility of cohesive streambeds in the loess area of the midwestern USA
Authors: Hanson G. J. , Simon A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractExcess stress parameters, critical shear stress (τc) and erodibility coefficient (kd), for degrading channels in the loess areas of the midwestern USA are presented based on in situ jet‐testing measurements. Critical shear stress and kd are used to define the erosion resistance of the streambed. The jet‐testing apparatus applies hydraulic stresses to the bed and the resulting scour due to the impinging jet is related to the excess stress parameters. Streams tested were primarily silt‐bedded in texture with low densities, which is typical of loess soils. Results indicate that there is a wide variation in the erosion resistance of streambeds, spanning six orders of magnitude for τc and four orders of magnitude for kd. Erosion resistance was observed to vary within a streambed, from streambed to streambed, and from region to region. An example of the diversity of materials within a river system is the Yalobusha River Basin in Mississippi. The median value of τc for the two primary bed materials, Naheola and Porters Creek Clay Formations, was 1·31 and 256 Pa, respectively. Streambeds composed of the Naheola Formation are readily eroded over the entire range of shear stresses, whereas only the deepest flows generate boundary stresses great enough to erode streambeds composed of the Porters Creek Clay Formation. Therefore, assessing material resistance and location is essential in classifying and modelling streambed erosion processes of these streams.
Expression and mutation analysis of the Wilms' tumor 1 gene in human neural tumors
Authors: Dennis Sally L. , Manji Shehnaaz S.M. , Carrington Darryl P. , Scarcella Deborah L. , Ashley David M. , Smith Peter J. , Algar Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Wilms' tumor 1 gene, WT1, encodes a zinc‐finger protein that is implicated in the development of Wilms' tumor. Mutant or aberrantly expressed WT1 isoforms have also been described in desmoplastic small round cell tumor, acute leukemias, mesothelioma, breast tumors and melanoma. During early development, WT1 is expressed in the brain and spinal cord, however its role in the malignancies that affect these tissues has not been previously investigated. In our study we have examined neural tumors including brain tumors and neuroblastomas for WT1 expression and for mutations affecting the zinc‐fingers. Although WT1 expression was detected in gliomas, medulloblastomas and neuroblastomas, neither zinc‐finger region mutations nor splicing anomalies affecting the KTS site were detected. We therefore conclude that WT1 does not play a significant role in the etiology of human neural tumors. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P53 is the strongest predictor of survival in high‐risk primary breast cancer patients undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell support
Authors: Hensel Manfred , Schneeweiss Andreas , Sinn Hans‐Peter , Egerer Gerlinde , Solomayer Erich , Haas Rainer , Bastert Gunther , Ho Anthony D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOur purpose was to determine the predictive value of tumor biologic parameters in patients with HRPBC who received HDCT with ASCT as first‐line treatment. From September 1992 to May 2000, 149 stage II or III HRPBC patients were enrolled in a single‐arm trial using a tandem HDCT regimen followed by ASCT. Her2/neu, p53, Ki67 and bcl‐2 protein expression was studied using immunohistochemic staining on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded primary tumor sections. DNA content of tumor cells (DNA index) and tumor cell proliferation (SPF) were measured by DNA flow cytometry. The relationship between these tumor biologic parameters, on the one hand, and DFS, DDFS and OS, on the other, was analyzed. With a median follow‐up of 43 months (range 7–106), p53 protein accumulation (p= 0.000004), negative combined hormone receptor status (p= 0.003) and Her2/neu overexpression (p= 0.02) were significant negative predictors of OS in univariate analysis. A poorer DFS was associated with p53 positivity (p= 0.04) and nodal ratio ≥0.8 (p= 0.008). Poorer DDFS was associated with p53 positivity (p= 0.03). In multivariate analysis, Her2/neu overexpression (RR = 3.86, 95% CI 1.48–10.1,p= 0.006) and p53 overexpression (RR = 6.06, 95% CI 2.22–16.52,p< 0.001) proved to be independent predictors of adverse OS. p53 overexpression was the only independent predictor of DFS (RR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.07–4.57,p= 0.03). p53 overexpression and Her2/neu overexpression are independent negative predictors of survival in HRPBC treated with HDCT. The adverse impact of these biologic features was probably not altered by HDCT. For HRPBC patients with tumors not overexpressing Her2/neu or p53, HDCT may be an appropriate approach to achieve long‐term survival and tumor control. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal cell carcinoma–associated antigen G250 encodes a naturally processed epitope presented by human leukocyte antigen‐dr molecules to CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Vissers Joost L.M. , de Vries I. Jolanda M. , Engelen Linda P.H. , Scharenborg Nicole M. , Molkenboer Janneke , Figdor Carl G. , Oosterwijk Egbert , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe previously identified an HLA‐A2.1‐restricted epitope within the RCC‐associated antigen G250 that is recognized by CTLs. Using DCs of healthy individuals, which were loaded with overlapping 20 mer G250‐derived peptides, we here report the induction of CD4+ T cells that recognize the G250 peptide of amino acids 249–268. Moreover, naturally processed G250 protein is readily recognized by these G250‐specific CD4+ T cells in the context of HLA‐DR molecules. Interestingly, peptide G250:249–268 overlaps the previously identified HLA‐A2.1‐restricted G250 epitope recognized by CTLs. These data and the high prevalence of G250 in RCC patients make peptide G250:249–268 a potential target in peptide‐based vaccines to induce both CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses in patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships
Authors: Pesaran M. Hashem , Shin Yongcheol , Smith Richard J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper develops a new approach to the problem of testing the existence of a level relationship between a dependent variable and a set of regressors, when it is not known with certainty whether the underlying regressors are trend‐ or first‐difference stationary. The proposed tests are based on standardF‐ andt‐statistics used to test the significance of the lagged levels of the variables in a univariate equilibrium correction mechanism. The asymptotic distributions of these statistics are non‐standard under the null hypothesis that there exists no level relationship, irrespective of whether the regressors areI(0) orI(1). Two sets of asymptotic critical values are provided: one when all regressors are purelyI(1) and the other if they are all purelyI(0). These two sets of critical values provide a band covering all possible classifications of the regressors into purelyI(0), purelyI(1) or mutually cointegrated. Accordingly, various bounds testing procedures are proposed. It is shown that the proposed tests are consistent, and their asymptotic distribution under the null and suitably defined local alternatives are derived. The empirical relevance of the bounds procedures is demonstrated by a re‐examination of the earnings equation included in the UK Treasury macroeconometric model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of bleaching Kraft mill effluents and polychlorinated phenolic compounds with ozonation
Authors: Pérez Montserrat , Torrades Francesc , Domènech Xavier , Peral José 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe effect of the simultaneous use of ozone, UVA or visible light, and small quantities of Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions in solution on the degradation rate of the organic content of a bleaching Kraft mill effluent was investigated. The same treatment was applied to synthetic samples of polychlorinated phenolic compounds, because these are one of the main groups of compounds found in real bleaching Kraft mill effluents. In order to improve the treatment efficiency and to lower the cost of the process several other strategies were investigated. It was found that a previous irradiation of the wastewater or the synthetic sample in the absence of ozone significantly improves the rate of removal of organic pollutants during the subsequent ozonation step.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Prenatal human ocular degeneration occurs in Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA2)
Authors: Porto Fernanda B. O. , Perrault Isabelle , Hicks David , Rozet Jean‐Michel , Hanoteau Noëlle , Hanein Sylvain , Kaplan Josseline , Alain Sahel José 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundLeber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) encompasses the most precocious and severe forms of inherited retinal dystrophy, displaying very significant visual handicap at or soon after birth1. Among the currently identified mutations, alterations in the gene coding for retinal pigment epithelium 65‐kDa protein (RPE65) lead to LCA22. Existing animal models for LCA2 (RPE65‐/‐ null mice3 and naturally occurring RPE65‐/‐ Briard dogs4) exhibit near normal retinal histology at birth, although no recordable photofunction can be detected. Structural degeneration in both cases occurs with delayed onset, cone death generally preceding that of rods.MethodsWe obtained retinal tissue from a voluntarily aborted embryo of an LCA2 carrier in order to compare histopathology and immunohistochemistry with age‐matched normal foetal retina.ResultsCompared to normal retinas, affected retina displayed cell loss and thinning of the outer nuclear (photoreceptor) layer, decreased immunoreactivity for key phototransduction proteins, and aberrant synaptic and inner retinal organisation. The gene mutation abolished detectable expression of RPE65 within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of affected eyes, and ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of lipid and vesicular inclusions not seen in normal RPE. In addition, mutant eyes demonstrated thickening, detachment and collagen fibril disorganisation in the underlying Bruch's membrane, and the choroid was distended and abnormally vascularised, in comparison with controls.ConclusionsSuch data contrast with the late‐onset ocular changes observed in animal models, indicating caution should be exercised when inferring human retinal pathophysiology from information based on other species. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of angiogenesis and side effects in ischemic rabbit hindlimbs after intramuscular injection of adenoviral vectors encoding VEGF and LacZ
Authors: Vajanto Ismo , Rissanen Tuomas T. , Rutanen Juha , Hiltunen Mikko O. , Tuomisto Tiina T. , Arve Katja , Närvänen Outi , Manninen Hannu , Räsänen Heikki , Hippeläinen Mikko , Alhava Esko , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy in ischemic skeletal muscle. However, only limited information is available about the effects of VEGF gene therapy in different regions of ischemic limbs, effects of control adenoviruses, and biodistribution of the transgenes after intramuscular (i.m.) administration. Here we studied angiogenesis and side effects of adenovirus‐mediated VEGF and β‐galactosidase (LacZ) gene transfers in ischemic rabbit hindlimbs.Methods and resultsTen days after induction of ischemia, rabbits were treated with i.m. injections of saline, LacZ adenovirus (AdLacZ; 2×1010 pfu) or adenovirus encoding mouse VEGF164 (AdVEGF; 2×1010 pfu). In rabbits treated with AdVEGF an increase in serum VEGF164 levels was detected by ELISA three and seven days after the gene transfer. 30 days after the gene transfer a positive effect on capillary density was observed in the thigh region both in rabbits treated with AdVEGF and AdLacZ compared with animals that received saline. On the other hand, AdVEGF and AdLacZ gene transfers had no effect on the capillary density in the calf region on day 30. A positive correlation between the capillary density and the number of collateral arteries was observed in the thigh. Hindlimb and testis edema and excess non‐physiological growth of capillaries were detected as adverse effects of the AdVEGF gene therapy. Biodistribution analysis showed that the transgene was present not only in the target muscle, but also in ectopic tissues seven days after i.m. gene transfer.ConclusionsThe results suggest that a high dose of adenoviral vector encoding either AdVEGF or AdLacZ induces angiogenesis in the rabbit hindlimb ischemia model; i.m. injection of adenovirus leads to the transfection of ectopic organs; and AdVEGF gene transfer induces edema in ischemic skeletal muscle. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of the frequency‐domain TLM method and its application to microwave circuits
Authors: Hesselbarth J. , Vahldieck R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the accuracy and convergence of frequency‐domain (FD) TLM solutions and describes a method to identify non‐physical solutions. The numerical dispersion characteristics of various discretization schemes (‘nodes’) are compared. The occurrence of non‐physical solutions when solving three‐dimensional problems is discussed and a method to identify the non‐physical solutions is described. The accuracy of the FDTLM method is shown to be of second order as long as singularities are absent, whereas it is between first and second order if the computational domain includes field singularities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A longitudinal study of the relationship between career management and organizational commitment among graduates in the first ten years at work
Authors: Sturges Jane , Guest David , Conway Neil , Davey Kate Mackenzie 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper reports the findings of a two‐wave longitudinal study investigating relationships between organizational and individual career management activities and organizational commitment in the early years of graduate careers. Several hypotheses are tested and receive mixed support. High organizational commitment predicts the practice of career management activities by graduates to further their career within the organization while low commitment is closely associated with behaviour aimed at furthering the career outside the organization. Graduates who manage their own careers also receive more career management help from their employer. This suggests that there may be the potential for employers to create a ‘virtuous circle’ of career management in which individual and organizational activities complement each other. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman microspectroscopic model of human breast tissue: implications for breast cancer diagnosis in vivo
Authors: Shafer‐Peltier Karen E. , Haka Abigail S. , Fitzmaurice Maryann , Crowe Joseph , Myles Jonathan , Dasari Ramachandra R. , Feld Michael S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has the potential to provide real‐time, in situ diagnosis of breast cancer during needle biopsy or surgery via an optical fiber probe. Understanding the chemical/morphological basis of the Raman spectrum of breast tissue is a necessary step in developing Raman spectroscopy as a tool for in situ breast cancer diagnosis. To understand the relationship between the Raman spectrum of a sample of breast tissue and its disease state, near‐infrared Raman spectroscopic images of human breast tissue were acquired using a confocal microscope. These images were then compared with phase contrast and hematoxylin‐ and eosin‐stained images to develop a chemical/morphological model of breast tissue Raman spectra. This model fits macroscopic tissue spectra with a linear combination of basis spectra derived from spectra of the cell cytoplasm, cell nucleus, fat, β‐carotene, collagen, calcium hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate dihydrate, cholesterol‐like lipid deposits and water. Each basis spectrum represents data acquired from multiple patients and, when appropriate, from a variety of normal and diseased states. The model explains the spectral features of a range of normal and diseased breast tissue samples, including breast cancer. It can be used to relate the Raman spectrum of a breast tissue sample to diagnostic parameters used by pathologists. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity of fresh and processed edible seaweeds
Authors: Jiménez‐Escrig Antonio , Jiménez‐Jiménez Isabel , Pulido Raquel , Saura‐Calixto Fulgencio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of aqueous/organic extracts of processed and raw edible seaweeds was determined using three methods, namely (a) free radical (DPPH·) scavenging, (b) ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and (c) inhibition of copper‐catalysed in vitro human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Scavenging activity correlated well (r  = 0.73) with the corresponding total polyphenolic content measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and expressed as phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE). Of the seaweeds tested, Fucus showed the highest antioxidant activity in two of the test methods used (1 g (dry matter) had a DPPH· activity and a FRAP value equivalent to those 0.18 and 0.07 mmol of Trolox respectively) and the highest total polyphenolic content (41.4 gPGEkg−1 dry matter). The antioxidant activity and the content of phenolic compounds decreased with processing and storage in the seaweeds tested. In addition, Fucus showed good efficiency in the in vitro inhibition of LDL oxidation.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of pleasure and arousal on recall of advertisements during the Super Bowl
Authors: Newell Stephen J. , Henderson Kenneth V. , Wu Bob T. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study investigates whether pleasure and arousal levels of viewers watching a sports program affect advertisement recall. The results suggest that programs that evoke strong emotional reactions, such as the Super Bowl, may inhibit the recall of advertisements and brands. Specifically, these findings seem to support the Intensity (arousal) theory and may have important implications for advertisers who promote their products or services on sports‐related event programming. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Upper and lower bounds of 180° unit element of a ridge waveguide: Calculations and measurements
Authors: Goussetis George , Budimir Djuradj , Helszajn Joe 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe upper and lower bounds on the actual solution of any microwave structure is of general interest. The purpose of this letter is to compare some calculations using the mode‐matching and finite‐element methods, with some measurements on a 180° ridge waveguide insert between standard WR62 rectangular waveguides. The work suggests that the MMM produces an upper bound, while the FEM places a lower bound on the measurement. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 260–261, 2001.
L‐Band multiwavelength oscillation in erbium‐doped fiber ring laser
Authors: Mao Qinghe , Lit John W. Y. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this letter, L‐band multiwavelength operation in an erbium‐doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) is achieved by using a tunable Fabry–Perot etalon as the intracavity comb filter. It is found that, for a ring cavity, the gain spectrum can be controlled, and the flattened gain spectrum at the threshold can be obtained by optimizing the cavity Q‐factor. A maximum of six stable lines with a spacing of 1.3 nm in the wavelength range near 1590 nm has been produced at room temperature. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 88–91, 2002.
Optimal synthesis of a real‐valued template for synthetic aperture radar pattern recognition
Authors: Chen Chulung , Fang Jian‐Shuen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFor distortion‐invariant radar image recognition with a hybrid electrical and optical signal processing technique, the design of the nonzero‐order joint transform correlator to achieve minimum average cross‐correlation energy has been studied. In this work, as we require the desired cross‐correlation peak to be real valued for all real‐valued training images, the optimized reference function will be real valued as well, although the reference function is optimized in the frequency domain with the method of Lagrange multipliers. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 91–95, 2002.
Chiral mode transformer for soft‐ and hard‐surface waveguides
Authors: Viitanen Ari J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractElectromagnetic fields inside circular, tuned corrugated waveguides, also called soft‐ and hard‐surface waveguides, are considered. The waveguides are filled with chiral material. The propagating eigenfields are presented. In this paper, a recently studied case with small chirality parameter values is generalized. Also, reflected and transmitted fields are considered. It is shown that the chiral soft‐ and hard‐surface waveguide section of a proper length can be used as a mode transformer between TE and TM modes. This kind of waveguide component may be used as a matching element between different kinds of circular waveguides and antenna elements. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 95–99, 2002.
Padé approximation for extended boundary condition method in electromagnetic scattering analysis
Authors: Abu‐Zaid Naser A. , Tosun Haluk 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe Padé approximation technique in conjunction with the extended boundary condition method (EBC) is implemented to solve the scattering problem over a finite frequency interval. The algorithm is based on expanding the system equations in their power series, and then finding a recurrence relation for the series coefficients. Fairly good results are obtained. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 100–101, 2002.
A discrete phase‐unwrapping technique for interferograms
Authors: Ahmad Falih H. , Helms Gary L. , Castellane Ray M. , Durst Bartley P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA discrete technique for phase unwrapping is presented. The technique is based on constructing the mth‐degree interpolating polynomials to approximate the involved functions using Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto collocation nodes. The relationship between the known wrapped phase and the unknown unwrapped phase and that between their derivatives are converted into a set of linear algebraic equations. This set of equations is solved for the unknown coefficients to produce the unwrapped phase. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the performance of the technique, where a comparison is made with exact results. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 101–104, 2002.
A finite‐element formulation for FDTD subgridding
Authors: Bonilla Matthieu , Wong Man‐Faï , Fouad Hanna Victor 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a finite‐element based 3‐D FDTD space/time subgridding scheme is presented. A classical Yee scheme is obtained strictly inside domains having different space and time discretizations. Considering one domain, the presence of the other domain is taken into account through an electric‐field excitation distributed throughout the mesh interface. The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated through its application on two test cases: a Hertzian dipole and a mobile‐phone antenna. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 104–108, 2002.