bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDEFINING THE MEANING OF FREEDOM IN LIBERAL THEOLOGY AND LIBERATION THEOLOGY, AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN RELIGIOUS LIFE
Authors: Huda Nurul , Kuswanjono Arqom , Utomo Agus Himmawan 
Published: October 2023

The concept of freedom in historical settings is often regarded as the primary catalyst for the rise and fall of civilizations. In ancient Greece, freedom was deemed to have played a crucial role in propelling Greek civilization to its zenith. The dark ages of Europe were similarly perceived as a period of diminished freedom due to the dominance of the church. However, the emergence of the Renaissance and modern era marked a resurgence of freedom, reminiscent of the values prevalent during the ancient Greek period, characterized by secular principles. Religious values were considered incompatible with modernity. Nevertheless, in a religious society, the essence of freedom lies in the most fundamental realm, namely theology. This article aims to explore how freedom is evident in the attributes of God, the life of Jesus, and the Bible within the context of liberal and liberation theology. Both of these theological perspectives signify a profound shift in religious attitudes, moving away from dogmatism and excessive conformity to orthodoxy, towards a more critical and progressive outlook. Liberal and liberation theology present a responsive depiction of religion, advocating for and fighting alongside human freedom, thus ensuring that religion remains relevant and problem-solving. While liberal theology endeavors to vocalize freedom to bridge the gap between faith and modern sciences, liberation theology strives for human freedom from all forms of discrimination and marginalization. Despite their apparent similarities, they diverge in their interpretation of freedom, leading to distinctions in the practical realm and religious practices.
MUHAMMADIYAH YOUTH'S PROCLAMATION OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN INDONESIA THROUGH DAKWAH COMMUNICATION
Authors: Darmawan Candra , Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Rudin Toha 
Published: October 2023

This article delves into the pivotal role of Muhammadiyah Youth's preaching communication in Indonesia, focusing on its contribution to the nation's independence. The organization's primary aim is to address and rectify deviations within the da'wah process, while also promoting an advanced and educated social and educational structure. Employing a qualitative research methodology through library research, the study draws from primary sources, including Books of Islamic Intellectual Treasures, Islamic Intellectual Reform, Contextualization of Islamic Doctrine in History, and Intellectual Tradition of Malay Scholars of the 18th Century AD, alongside relevant secondary data. Data collection involves four techniques: heuristics, verification, interpretation (analysis and synthesis), and historiography. The research reveals that Muhammadiyah Youth's da'wah communication encompasses three key domains: godliness, focusing on God, His attributes, and the universe's relationship with Him; morality, addressing human behavior, relationships with God, others, and the universe; and physics, exploring nature's growth and development.The relevance of Muhammadiyah Youth's preaching communication is demonstrated through four doctrines: enlightening the people, promoting charitable actions, fostering cooperation for virtue, and steering clear of political pragmatism. To ensure continuous and responsive da'wah in a dynamically changing society, it is crucial to anticipate the negative implications of information and communication globalization. The study advocates for informative, comprehensive, targeted, and sustainable preaching, leading to the effective implementation of Islamic sharia in society, transcending mere legal aspects.
Apogeo de la deuda y decrecimiento económico: el colapso de la civilización
Authors: Cante Freddy , Franco-Cuervo Ana Beatriz 
Published: October 2023

El propósito y la hipótesis de este artículo de reflexión es mostrar que el auge del dinero (deudas) es el acicate del crecimiento económico, pero también es causa del subdesarrollo y, además, del colapso de la civilización global. La metodología empleada se basa en una lectura crítica de la literatura económica más relevante y heterodoxa, con el fin de esclarecer los conceptos de deuda monetaria, riqueza real, crecimiento y también del colapso que han vivido pretéritas civilizaciones y que ahora es un riesgo global; esto se complementa con alguna evidencia histórica y con datos estadísticos relevantes, en particular sobre la deuda. La argumentación no se limita a un enfoque positivo (cómo son las cosas), sino que trasciende hacia una visión normativa (cómo debería ser el mundo), por lo cual se incorporan recurrentemente discusiones éticas. Hallazgos: primero: el dinero es una riqueza imaginaria, que implica la creación de deudas, que se incrementan exponencialmente con la tasa de interés compuesto, lo que va en contravía de la riqueza real, la cual se degrada y se destruye, debido a los procesos entrópicos (acelerados por el crecimiento económico, a su vez incentivado por las deudas); segundo: el subdesarrollo es una creación de países e instituciones dominantes, para mantener a los países tercermundistas como importadores de capital y exportadores de materias primas y recursos minero-energéticos (para pagar las onerosas deudas públicas e importaciones); tercero: el neoliberalismo se ha consolidado como una férrea defensa de los creadores de diversas formas de dinero, que se ha impuesto desde el Consenso de Washington hasta el de Wall Street; y, cuarto: debido a la prolongada interacción entre deudores y prestamistas se ha generado un gigantesco descuento del futuro, que se traduce en colosal destrucción de la vida futura (calentamiento planetario y colapso global de la civilización). En cuanto a las implicaciones, a efectos de política económica heterodoxa, se ofrecen potentes argumentos para insistir en el no pago de las deudas, porque la quiebra y radical transformación del sistema financiero es una condición, sine qua non, para salvar la vida en el planeta.
Is Hydraulic Fracturing the Next Big Breakthrough in Battery Tech?
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: October 2023

Drill a well. Induce a fracture. Pump water. Start flowback.
This sounds like the steps used to bring to life tens of thousands of tight-oil and gas wells over the past quarter century.
But what it really describes is the emerging approach that a pair of Houston-based companies are using to turn rock formations into giant batteries.
Differences aside, the respective processes developed by Quidnet Energy and Sage Geosystems involve hydraulically fracturing vertical wells, injecting water into fractures, and flowing that water back to surface under high pressure to drive a small industrial turbine.
Founded in 2013, Quidnet was the first to try to commercialize this concept which represents a new twist on a very old technology known as pumped storage hydropower.
Introduced in the 1890s, the technique works chiefly by sending water uphill—e.g., a mountain or a fjord—to create a gravity-assisted energy system. And despite its geographical limitations, this pumped storage represents more than 90% of the world’s energy storage today, an estimated 9,000 GWh.
Of course, what both Quidnet and Sage want to do instead is to have subsurface rock formations do the heavy lifting and force the water uphole like it was shooting out of a geyser.
To highlight this distinction, Quidnet refers to its version as “geomechanical” pumped storage while Sage so far prefers to call it “mechanical” pumped storage.
Each firm claimed this year to have shown through respective field tests that all this is not merely theoretical. Most of this work has involved existing wells but both companies have plans for dedicated new-drill wells.
Quidnet and Sage say the electric outputs they’ve achieved so far are promising enough to start considering pumped storage in rocks as a way to solve grid shortages and the intermittency issues that hamper wind farms and solar arrays.
During periods of low grid demand, the proposal is to run water pumps on surplus electricity. Hours or days later when demand rises, that water is released to the surface and most of the electricity required to pump it down can now flow back into the grid.
Sage shared figures at a geothermal conference in September boasting its nascent approach as already cost competitive with traditional pumped storage and commercial-scale lithium-ion batteries. That optimism is built upon the company’s first and only test well in Starr County, Texas, which bested expectations.
“The output just blew us away,” Cindy Taff, CEO of Sage, said at the PIVOT conference last month. “We literally had to repipe the surface equipment three times because we were getting more force and pressure than what we had anticipated.”
Taff, who previously spent 35 years working in the oil and gas business for Shell, said the well produced a flow stream that was converted into 200 kW for 18 hours. This adds up to 3,600 kWh, which is roughly four times the electricity consumed each month in the average US household.
Flood Management: Solving Conformance or Sweep Efficiency Problems—Part 4: An Overview of Solution Research and New Technology
Authors: Smith David 
Published: October 2023

The first three articles in this series have discussed problem identification, problem understanding; solution design, execution, and performance; and benefit methods and techniques that should help in our efforts to improve the solution success rate, but we still have further improvements to make.
Part 4 provides an overview of ongoing research and recent technology improvements focused on improving sweep efficiency or conformance solutions taking place in both academia and the service industry within the US. This article does not review efforts taking place inside oil production companies or national oil companies as that work is generally not publicized until completed.
Before we start this review, let’s capture some thoughts that were expressed by several department chairs and other leaders in the industry. There is a common feeling that the level of research activity on all conventional oilfield recovery problems has suffered from a change in interest and funding over the past 10 to 15 years.
Research on conformance or sweep efficiency problems is a subset of conventional oilfield recovery issues and thus has also suffered from this reduced interest. Instead, a significant rise of unconventional oilfield recovery needs and focus on greenhouse gases (GHG), carbon footprint, and the energy industry transition has shifted the priorities at many universities, governments, and service providers. This shift in efforts has resulted in a significant redistribution of resources that were once focused on conventional oilfield recovery issues.
The number and types of conventional oilfield recovery problems has not changed; if anything, they continue to grow, but the addition of unconventional resources and their unique character, along with the push for studies on GHG, carbon footprint, and energy transition without a corresponding increase in funding and manpower has diluted our ability to respond as an industry to these needs.
This perspective is offered as a simple observation of conditions that exist in the energy research arena. No judgment is made on the appropriateness of this change or the overall situation. Simply be aware that as an industry we have many challenges to face in the future and some will suffer as others are prioritized.
As a result of this and some other reasons, several universities such as Colorado School of Mines, Louisiana State University, Penn State, Stanford University, University of Houston, University of Southern California, The University of Tulsa, and University of Wyoming are not reporting any active or current efforts on conventional asset sweep efficiency or conformance solution research. This does not mean that all interest in these technologies has been lost, only that no current research activities are underway. This is unfortunate, but I believe it is representative of this industry shift.
Now, back to the primary focus of this article.
Case Study: Gas Lift-Plunger Lift Combination Creates Full Life Cycle Production Solution
Authors: Cope Brent , Gilmore David 
Published: October 2023

From the Wolfcamp and Bone Spring in the Permian Basin to the Niobrara and Codell in the Denver-Julesburg Basin, lateral lengths of 10,000 ft or greater are becoming the norm in tight-oil resource plays (Rassenfoss 2022; Addison, 2021; S&P 2021).
From a production standpoint, longer laterals equate to greater stimulated rock volume per wellbore. That means higher flow rates, but it can also introduce more dynamic behavior and steeper production declines. The extended-well trajectories are often accompanied by high dogleg severities, high gas/oil ratios (GORs), and sand and solids production (Whitfield 2023; S&P 2021).
Efficiently accommodating all of these factors while cost-effectively managing natural declines over time can be a challenge for any single artificial lift method. However, the combination of gas lift and plunger lift technology gives operators a flexible option to optimize production beginning with initial peak flow rates at the start of production and extending all the way through to depletion.
This “full life cycle” approach encompasses three distinct phases that collectively span the entire slope of the tight-oil well decline curve:
- Gas lift in early to mid-life (from first production to ±300 B/D)
- Plunger-assisted gas lift (PAGL) in the mid- to late-life plateau (from ±300 to ±100 B/D)
- Plunger lift in late life (from ±100 B/D to last oil)
An artificial lift approach leveraging gas lift, PAGL, and plunger lift at different points along the production timeline aggregately brings the key advantages of all three to bear in horizontal tight-oil wells, including
- Gas lift’s ability to mimic natural reservoir flow, lifting fluids to surface by reducing the flowing tubing pressure and creating differential pressure between the reservoir and wellbore. Gas lift handles an array of production rates (up to 2,000-plus B/D) and well characteristics—including high GORs and solid content—and can adapt to rapidly changing conditions during early well life.
- PAGL’s ability to increase reservoir drawdown, stabilize production, and reduce system surging as production diminishes to the point where gas lift starts to become inefficient in the mid-life phase.
- Plunger lift’s ability to use pressure buildup below the plunger to carry accumulated fluids to surface at rates as low as a few B/D, requiring no external power source to surface the plunger. The plunger creates a “swabbing effect” as it passes through the tubing that helps draw fluids from perforated intervals while keeping tubing swept of paraffin, scale, asphaltene, sand, etc.
Technology Focus: Offshore Drilling and Completion (October 2023)
Authors: Jayakumar Swathika 
Published: October 2023

Optimizing and continually increasing efficiencies at every stage of the drilling and completion process are central themes in the papers showcased in this feature. Innovating our way through difficult times is what the oil and gas industry excels at, especially during challenging periods. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the offshore energy industry faced immense struggles with high upfront capital investment and long lead times in uncertain circumstances with extremely low oil prices.
The challenges brought about by the pandemic served as a backdrop to many of these innovations. Companies were compelled to discover creative solutions to maintain efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure safety during an era of unprecedented disruption.
Innovation in advanced analytics and machine-learning algorithms is used to optimize drilling-center locations, leading to cost reduction. This development became even more critical during the pandemic as companies aimed to maximize efficiency and minimize expenses. The execution of large-scale projects such as the Johan Sverdrup development highlights innovation in project management, enabling timely and cost-effective operations in a challenging environment. The emphasis on digital solutions and fiber-optic technology in Guyana’s offshore operations illustrates the industry’s adaptation to the pandemic by enabling remote operations and real-time data collection while maintaining efficiency in a new discovery.
Innovations in riserless light well intervention systems are particularly relevant during the pandemic. These systems improved efficiency and safety for offshore interventions, enabling the industry to operate with minimal personnel onboard. The focus on well-planning strategies to overcome challenges in deep depleted reservoirs includes approaches that optimize drilling in complex conditions, which is crucial when efficiency is paramount. Retrofitting autonomous inflow control devices proved an effective approach in implementing state-of-the-art technology to improve reservoir sweep and productivity.
Moving forward, this innovative spirit in our industry as seen in these papers is a testament to our resilience during challenging times. In the coming years, this ability to sustainably increase recovery efficiencies to ensure energy security is crucial to shaping the future of energy production.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 212499 4D Radar Imaging of Wellbore Geometry While Drilling by Lars Øy, Well ID, et al.
OTC 30979 Guyana Operations and First Oil by Mike F. Ryan, ExxonMobil, et al.
SPE 212915 Enhancing Riserless Light Well Intervention Operability From Operator Perspective by Michael Long Ge, BP, et al.
SPE 214057 Challenges of Drilling Deep Wells in a Complex Overburden With Severe Depletion and Experiences From Caspian Sea by Anwar Juma Al Saadi, Dragon Oil, et al.
Retrofitted Autonomous Inflow Control Devices Optimize Completions Design
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: October 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31301, “Optimized Completions Design Using Retrofit Autonomous Inflow Control Devices,” by Ezinne A. Nnebocha, Schlumberger; Akinola Akinbola, NPDC; and Omagbemi G. Kayakor, First Hydrocarbon Nigeria, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2021 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

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Discovered in 1964, the Beta Field in the Niger Delta sedimentary basin consists of 25 stacked hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs between 5,500 and 12,000 ft true vertical depth subsea (TVDSS). Oil production peaked at 8,900 STB/D shortly after field startup and has been on the decline. Two horizontal wells, Beta 7 and Beta 8, were planned in the field, but a production forecast of the planned wells showed potential early water breakthrough and high water cut. Autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) were deployed successfully in the Beta Field for the purpose of minimizing water production and maximizing oil recovery.

Introduction
After history matching, the two new horizontal wells were simulated to target the sweet spots in the reservoir using constraints of oil saturation, porosity and permeability limits, and distance to the oil/water contact (OWC). The history-matched model was then used in forecasting the production profile for the new wells using a target liquid production rate of 2,000 STB/D. The production forecast without inflow control showed water breakthrough in the new wells within the first month of production, reaching to 45% within 3 months of production. Cyclonic AICD completions then were simulated for Beta-7 and Beta-8 horizontal wells, which showed improved oil production and delayed water production.

AICD Retrofit Design
Cyclonic AICDs were selected for application in the Beta Field to improve production performance. However, the short lead time required for the job execution and border closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created restrictions in mobilizing personnel and equipment from outside the country. It did not appear that the equipment could arrive in time for the job. The conventional nozzle-based passive ICD joints were available in country. Therefore, leveraging engineering skills and operational knowledge, a solution to retrofit AICD nozzles in existing ICD screen joints was conceived.
The engineering team developed a design of machined components that could be quickly manufactured at the facility of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and shipped to the location.
Failure-mode and effects-analysis assessment, and subsequent risk-management procedures, became useful to manage the process locally with the help of the remote OEM team. A step-by-step procedure on the retrofit was devised. Fig. 1 shows a flow chart used to guide the retrofitting process and the retrofitted AICD joints after modification. Upon completion of the screen retrofit, the joints were quality-checked and inspected to verify their preparedness for well completion.
Downsizing, Use of Dummy and Venturi Valves Enhance Gas Lift Performance
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: October 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 213975, “Gas Lift Performance Enhancement Strategies by Downsizing and Using Dummy and Venturi Valves: A Paradigm Shift in Gas Lift Systems Management Philosophy,” by Wael F. Akeil, Ahmed M. El-Bohoty, and El-Sayed I. Abd El-Mawla, Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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A mature offshore Egyptian field has entered a depletion phase. Most of its gas lift design bases were initiated during production startup and feature standardized sets of large gas lift valve port sizes with narrow spacing. Inconsistent well flow during reservoir depletion adds complications to the system. Therefore, a screenout model was created to select candidate wells for downsizing and for changing out with dummy and Venturi valves. After screening, 70 wells were selected for application of the new strategy. The complete paper discusses the effectiveness of smaller port sizes and the use of dummy and Venturi valves in enhancing gas lift performance and maximizing recovery.

Field Background
The field is divided into four main geographical quadrants, each with its own facilities. Total production currently is approximately 60,000 BOPD with an average water cut of 85%.
Exploration and development of the field saw the drilling of more than 460 wells; half of these currently are experiencing reservoir pressure decline, drained reserves, or operational problems. Most wells are gas lifted, and the remainder either use electric submersible pump (ESP) installation or flow naturally.
The facility consists of 73 offshore satellite platforms containing the wells—both oil producers and water injectors—connected to nine offshore complex platforms.
As a part of continuous improvement trials, the operator reviewed the process of gas lift system management to introduce necessary improvements and recommend changes for long-term plans. The proposed amended management system was the result of monitoring, troubleshooting, and optimization activities outlined in the complete paper.

Amended Gas Lift Management System
Using Dummy Valves in Gas Lift System. Conceptual Phase. A dummy valve is a special gas lift valve shaped like solid metallic bar with upper and lower packings. They are installed to replace unloading valves that are no longer needed. Installing dummy valves instead of the unloading valves can reduce problems such as valve interference and deepens the point of gas injection.
Redesign Procedure Based on the New Production Profile. This practice can be applied in two main cases: First, if reservoir pressure has declined and the well is producing with a lower rate but the surface injection pressure is still high enough to reach deeper valves; and, second, if the well is planned to be recompleted from one formation to another that has a higher reservoir pressure but with lower formation feed as the result of lower productivity. The main steps for redesign are provided in the complete paper.