bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let’s Talk About Sex: Tyrolean Online Study on Reproductive Health Issues
Authors: Hosa Hanna , Böttcher Bettina , Schatzl Valentina , Gahl Mirjam , Weigel Bettina , Riedl David , Reiser Elisabeth , Mariacher Petra , Toth Coco , Toth Bettina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe way pupils and university students talk about sex does not reflect their real understanding of reproductive health issues. Therefore, we developed a survey for pupils and students in
Tyrol, Austria, to evaluate the current state of knowledge.Two questionnaires with 39 items for pupils (n = 369) and 53 items for university students (n = 537) were developed, and an online survey was carried out in Tyrol, Austria, between April
and July 2022. A sum score for each correct answer to ten identical items in both questionnaires was used to compare groups (range: 0–11 points), with analysis performed using independent
sample t-test, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and chi-square test.With regards to reproductive health issues and fertility awareness, female vs. male participants (p < 0.001), university students vs. pupils (p < 0.001) and medical students vs.
other students (p < 0.001) had greater knowledge. Participants who had already had sexual intercourse showed a broader knowledge of contraception and fertility (p < 0.001).The age at which the decline of female fertility becomes relevant was misstated by the adolescents, who gave a mean age of 42.6 years compared to university students who asserted a mean
age of 35.9 years (p < 0.001). Overall, the lowest rate of correct answers was found with respect to emergency contraception (30.7%), while knowledge of contraceptive methods was
comparatively high (99.2%).Substantial lack of knowledge of reproductive health issues exists, with differences found between pupils and university students, between genders, and according to field of study. Future
health and fertility awareness programs at school and university should focus on gender-specific aspects to prevent unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and
childlessness.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer in A Cirrhotic Patient: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Tyagi Unique , Sundaram Sridhar , Jain Aadish Kumar , Mahajan Akhil , Puri Rahul , Patil Prachi , Mehta Shaesta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEndoscopic resection techniques like endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection have become the cornerstone for the management of early cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. Risks associated with endoscopic resection may be exacerbated by the presence of background cirrhosis with its attendant complications. With complex alterations in hemostasis in patients with cirrhosis, management of patients undergoing endoscopic resection is more challenging. In this article we discuss a case of early gastric cancer in a patient with background chronic liver disease and thrombocytopenia managed using endoscopic submucosal dissection.
Predicting outcome in organophosphorus poisoning using RBC cholinesterase and serum cholinesterase values: A hospital-based longitudinal study
Authors: Kar Saswati , Mohanty Nihar Ranjan , Panda Bhagyashree , Rattan Roma , Choudhury Anurag , Panda Suchismita , Rout Pramod Kumar , Das Bhaktabandhu , Prusty Biswaranjan , Thatoi Pravat Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a leading cause of mortality due to self-harm in Asian countries, including India. Red blood cell cholinesterase (RBC-ChE) and serum cholinesterase (serum-ChE) levels are used for predicting outcomes. There is a paucity of literature studying the RBC-ChE levels in OP poisoning and comparing it with the serum-ChE levels.

Materials and Methods:
This is a longitudinal study assessing the outcome in OP poisoning patients using the RBC-ChE and serum-ChE levels. Both enzyme levels are compared and correlated for adult patients presenting within 24 hours of consumption of the OP compound. Sensitivity and specificity are measured.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using SPSS v21. Results of descriptive statistics were expressed as mean T standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed data or median (interquartile range [IQR]) for skewed data for continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables.

Results:
Of the 99 OP poisoning patients included, 20 patients did not survive, and 23 patients required ventilatory support. At admission, RBC-ChE (median, interquartile range [IQR]) was significantly different between survivors (45.2 [30.5–60] U/g Hb) and nonsurvivors (6.3 [4.2–13.4] U/g Hb), while serum-ChE (median, IQR) was not statistically different (p = 0.061) between survivors (350 [247–670]) and nonsurvivors (290 [182–415.8]). Similarly, RBC-ChE was significantly different between patients requiring a ventilator and those not requiring a ventilator (6.8 vs. 44.2 U/g Hb), whereas the serum-ChE values measured on admission were not significantly different for patients requiring a ventilator versus those not requiring a ventilator (290 vs. 348 U/L; p = 0.119). At the cutoff of 20 U/g Hb, RBC-ChE had 90.5% sensitivity and 91% specificity in predicting mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival showed the probability of survival decreased to nearly 50% if the time to reach the hospital was ≤4 hours.

Conclusion:
RBC-ChE was superior in predicting outcomes in OP poisoning patients compared with serum-ChE measured on the day of admission.
The Antibiocene – towards an eco-social analysis of humanity’s antimicrobial footprint
Authors: Kirchhelle Claas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver eight decades of mass antimicrobial exposures have changed microbial populations and genes at a global level. This thought piece argues that adequately responding to the anthropogenic transformation of the microbial commons requires reframing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as the pheno- and genotypic signal of a new geological era – an Antibiocene. Thinking through the multiple spatiotemporal, biological, and social scales of this Antibiocene opens important perspectives on the long-term goals of (anti)microbial stewardship, the injustices connected with unequal antimicrobial exposures, and the scale of necessary changes to health, food production, and waste disposal systems. Conceptualising AMR within an Antibiocene also necessitates shifting the political gaze from the clinic and sites of food production to the hitherto neglected environmental domain of One Health, whose terrestrial and aquatic milieus act as crucial reservoirs for antimicrobial substances, antimicrobial resistance genes, and resistant organisms. Finally, disentangling the human and non-human dimensions of the Antibiocene requires working across the humanities, social-, environmental, and biomedical sciences. The thought piece ends by proposing comparative research on particularly contaminated sites as a promising way of reconstructing the microbial, biochemical, and societal fallouts of chronic antimicrobial exposures as well as already existing societal adaptations. Resulting findings will provide orientation for emerging debates on the preservation of our microbial commons and the development of new forms of ‘eubiotic governance’.
The influence of societal nationalist sentiment on trade flows
Authors: Dow Douglas , Cuypers Ilya R. P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the world has witnessed a backlash against globalization and a rise in populist and nationalist movements around the world. However, there appears to be little empirical research concerning how these movements, and especially nationalist sentiment, actually influence trade. Therefore, we explore how and when nationalist sentiment within a country influences trade. Our results indicate that the effect of nationalist sentiment on imports is mediated by lower participation in free trade agreements (FTAs) but not via tariffs. Furthermore, we are unable to confirm support for a direct effect of nationalist sentiment on imports, as predicted by the consumer ethnocentricity literature. However, we do find a strong and negative impact of nationalist sentiment on exports. It would appear that nationalist sentiments tend to blunt the desire to export. Psychic distance between the countries appears to magnify the effects of nationalist sentiment on tariffs and FTAs, but not the direct effects on trade. Finally, we also find that custom union membership, such as the EU, negates the effect of nationalist sentiment on tariffs but this cannot be confirmed for FTAs. Overall, our model enriches our understanding of how nationalist sentiment in society affects trade and offers guidance to policymakers.
Multi-task learning for arousal and sleep stage detection using fully convolutional networks
Authors: Zan Hasan , Yildiz Abdulnasır 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Sleep is a critical physiological process that plays a vital role in maintaining physical and mental health. Accurate detection of arousals and sleep stages is essential for the diagnosis of sleep disorders, as frequent and excessive occurrences of arousals disrupt sleep stage patterns and lead to poor sleep quality, negatively impacting physical and mental health. Polysomnography is a traditional method for arousal and sleep stage detection that is time-consuming and prone to high variability among experts. Approach. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task learning approach for arousal and sleep stage detection using fully convolutional neural networks. Our model, FullSleepNet, accepts a full-night single-channel EEG signal as input and produces segmentation masks for arousal and sleep stage labels. FullSleepNet comprises four modules: a convolutional module to extract local features, a recurrent module to capture long-range dependencies, an attention mechanism to focus on relevant parts of the input, and a segmentation module to output final predictions. Main results. By unifying the two interrelated tasks as segmentation problems and employing a multi-task learning approach, FullSleepNet achieves state-of-the-art performance for arousal detection with an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.70 on Sleep Heart Health Study and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis datasets. For sleep stage classification, FullSleepNet obtains comparable performance on both datasets, achieving an accuracy of 0.88 and an F1-score of 0.80 on the former and an accuracy of 0.83 and an F1-score of 0.76 on the latter. Significance. Our results demonstrate that FullSleepNet offers improved practicality, efficiency, and accuracy for the detection of arousal and classification of sleep stages using raw EEG signals as input.
Schrödinger dynamics in length-scale hierarchy: from spatial rescaling to Huygens-like proliferation of Gaussian wavepackets
Authors: Takatsuka Kazuo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Studying possible laws, rules, and mechanisms of time-evolution of quantum wavefunctions leads to deeper understanding about the essential nature of the Schrödinger dynamics and interpretation on what the quantum wavefunctions are. As such, we attempt to clarify the mechanical and geometrical processes of deformation and bifurcation of a Gaussian wavepacket of the Maslov type from the viewpoint of length-scale hierarchy in the wavepacket size relative to the range of relevant potential functions. Following the well-known semiclassical view that (1) Newtonian mechanics gives a phase space geometry, which is to be projected onto configuration space to determine the basic amplitude of a wavefunction (the primitive semiclassical mechanics), our study proceeds as follows. (2) The quantum diffusion arising from the quantum kinematics makes the Gaussian exponent complex-valued, which consequently broadens the Gaussian amplitude and brings about a specific quantum phase. (3) The wavepacket is naturally led to bifurcation (branching), when the packet size gets comparable with or larger than the potential range. (4) Coupling between the bifurcation and quantum diffusion induces the Huygens-principle like wave dynamics. (5) All these four processes are collectively put into a path integral form. We discuss some theoretical consequences from the above analyses, such as (i) a contrast between the δ-function-like divergence of a wavefunctions at focal points and the mesoscopic finite-speed shrink of a Gaussian packet without instantaneous collapse, (ii) the mechanism of release of the zero-point energy to external dynamics and that of tunneling, (iii) relation between the resultant stochastic quantum paths and wave dynamics, and so on.
A new method for finding global solutions to Synge’s electromagnetic problem
Authors: Silva Rodrigo R , Figueiredo Annibal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Synge’s problem consists in determining the dynamics of two point electrical charges interacting through their electromagnetic fields, without taking into account the radiation terms due to the self-forces in each charge. We discuss how this problem is related to the question on to establish initial conditions for the electromagnetic fields that are compatible with the two point charges system in isolation, that is, the charges are free from the action of external forces. This problem stems from the existence of inter-temporal constraints for the charges trajectories, which implies that the relativistic Newton equations for the charges is not a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), but rather a system of functional differential equations (FDEs). We developed a new method to obtain global solutions that satisfies this system of FDEs and a given initial condition for the charges positions and velocities. This method allows the construction of a recursive numerical algorithm that only use integration methods for ODEs systems. Finally, we apply this algorithm to obtain numerical approximations for the quasi-circular solutions that are predicted in Synge’s problem.
On the reproducibility of extrusion-based bioprinting: round robin study on standardization in the field
Authors: Grijalva Garces David , Strauß Svenja , Gretzinger Sarah , Schmieg Barbara , Jüngst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen , Meinel Lorenz , Schmidt Isabelle , Hartmann Hanna , Schenke-Layland Katja , Brandt Nico , Selzer Michael , Zimmermann Stefan , Koltay Peter , Southan Alexander , Tovar Günter E M , Schmidt Sarah , Weber Achim , Ahlfeld Tilman , Gelinsky Michael , Scheibel Thomas , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R , Naolou Toufik , Lee-Thedieck Cornelia , Willems Christian , Groth Thomas , Allgeier Stephan , Köhler Bernd , Friedrich Tiaan , Briesen Heiko , Buchholz Janine , Paulus Dietrich , von Gladiss Anselm , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The outcome of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting heavily depends, amongst others, on the interaction between the developed bioink, the printing process, and the printing equipment. However, if this interplay is ensured, bioprinting promises unmatched possibilities in the health care area. To pave the way for comparing newly developed biomaterials, clinical studies, and medical applications (i.e. printed organs, patient-specific tissues), there is a great need for standardization of manufacturing methods in order to enable technology transfers. Despite the importance of such standardization, there is currently a tremendous lack of empirical data that examines the reproducibility and robustness of production in more than one location at a time. In this work, we present data derived from a round robin test for extrusion-based 3D printing performance comprising 12 different academic laboratories throughout Germany and analyze the respective prints using automated image analysis (IA) in three independent academic groups. The fabrication of objects from polymer solutions was standardized as much as currently possible to allow studying the comparability of results from different laboratories. This study has led to the conclusion that current standardization conditions still leave room for the intervention of operators due to missing automation of the equipment. This affects significantly the reproducibility and comparability of bioprinting experiments in multiple laboratories. Nevertheless, automated IA proved to be a suitable methodology for quality assurance as three independently developed workflows achieved similar results. Moreover, the extracted data describing geometric features showed how the function of printers affects the quality of the printed object. A significant step toward standardization of the process was made as an infrastructure for distribution of material and methods, as well as for data transfer and storage was successfully established.
Finite element analysis of elliptical shaped stem profile of hip prosthesis using dynamic loading conditions
Authors: Corda John Valerian , K N Chethan , Bhat N Shyamasunder , Shetty Sawan , Shenoy B Satish , Zuber Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Patient-specific dynamic loadings are seldom considered during the evaluation of hip implants. The primary objective of this study is to check for the feasibility of the use of UHMWPE as the material for an acetabular cup o CoCr Alloy that is reported to produce a squeaking sound after replacement. An elliptical shaped stem with three different cross-sectional profiles is considered for simulation. Using a commercial finite element method, patient-specific dynamic forces were applied for the quantitative analysis. The loading and boundary conditions are used as per ISO and ASTM standards. The walking gait cycle is used with two widely used biocompatible materials: titanium and cobalt-chromium. Initially, only the stem is considered for the analysis to finalize the best out of the three profiles, along with the better material for the stem. Later the complete implant is used for the analysis. Profile 1 exhibits 1.25 and 1.17 times greater stress than Profile 2 for CoCr Alloy and Ti–6Al–4V, respectively. Similarly, Profile 3 displays stresses 1.26 and 1.25 times greater than Profile 2 for CoCr Alloy and Ti–6Al–4V, respectively. Comparatively, displacement in stem Profile 2 is 1.75 times higher in Ti–6Al–4V than CoCr Alloy. The full implant displacement at 14% gait cycle is 1.15% higher for the CoCr-acetabular column material combination when compared to UHMWPE. It can be concluded that UHMWPE can be used as the acetabular cup material instead of CoCr for the Profile 2 elliptical shaped hip implant to prevent squeaking after replacement.
High-dimensional quantum key distribution using energy-time entanglement over 242 km partially deployed fiber
Authors: Liu Jingyuan , Lin Zhihao , Liu Dongning , Feng Xue , Liu Fang , Cui Kaiyu , Huang Yidong , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) is an essential ingredient in quantum communication, owing to the property of source-independent security and the potential on constructing large-scale quantum communication networks. However, implementation of entanglement-based QKD over long-distance optical fiber links is still challenging, especially over deployed fibers. In this work, we report an experimental QKD using energy-time entangled photon pairs that transmit over optical fibers of 242 km (including a section of 19 km deployed fibers). The QKD is realized through the protocol of dispersive-optics QKD (DO-QKD) with high-dimensional encoding to utilize coincidence counts more efficiently. A reliable, high-accuracy time synchronization technology for long-distance entanglement-based QKD is developed based on the distribution of optical pulses in quantum channels. Our system operates continuously for more than 7 d without active polarization or phase calibration. We ultimately generate secure keys with secure key rates of 0.22 bps and 0.06 bps in the asymptotic and finite-size regimes, respectively. It shows that entanglement-based DO-QKD is reliable for long-distance realization in the field if its high requirement on time synchronization is satisfied.
Sequence learning in a spiking neuronal network with memristive synapses
Authors: Bouhadjar Younes , Siegel Sebastian , Tetzlaff Tom , Diesmann Markus , Waser Rainer , Wouters Dirk J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Brain-inspired computing proposes a set of algorithmic principles that hold promise for advancing artificial intelligence. They endow systems with self learning capabilities, efficient energy usage, and high storage capacity. A core concept that lies at the heart of brain computation is sequence learning and prediction. This form of computation is essential for almost all our daily tasks such as movement generation, perception, and language. Understanding how the brain performs such a computation is not only important to advance neuroscience, but also to pave the way to new technological brain-inspired applications. A previously developed spiking neural network implementation of sequence prediction and recall learns complex, high-order sequences in an unsupervised manner by local, biologically inspired plasticity rules. An emerging type of hardware that may efficiently run this type of algorithm is neuromorphic hardware. It emulates the way the brain processes information and maps neurons and synapses directly into a physical substrate. Memristive devices have been identified as potential synaptic elements in neuromorphic hardware. In particular, redox-induced resistive random access memories (ReRAM) devices stand out at many aspects. They permit scalability, are energy efficient and fast, and can implement biological plasticity rules. In this work, we study the feasibility of using ReRAM devices as a replacement of the biological synapses in the sequence learning model. We implement and simulate the model including the ReRAM plasticity using the neural network simulator NEST. We investigate two types of ReRAM memristive devices: (i) a gradual, analog switching device, and (ii) an abrupt, binary switching device. We study the effect of different device properties on the performance characteristics of the sequence learning model, and demonstrate that, in contrast to many other artificial neural networks, this architecture is resilient with respect to changes in the on-off ratio and the conductance resolution, device variability, and device failure.
Scripting a life: The early years
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the life of Nelson Mandela, which largely correlates to the operations of the South African state. Mandela’s story exhibits recognizable typicality and representativeness, underpinned by a teleology of political growth with liberation as its goal. By recounting a steady progression towards freedom and modernity, the life-story runs in parallel with the largely masculine, one-directional narrative of resistance and overcoming as it has been played out in Africa. The chapter highlights how Mandela’s leadership skills, formal legal training, and gift of forging friendships across colour divisions were in constant demand. It notes how Mandela recommended socialist redistribution to allow African people to catch up with the advanced nation.
Mandela’s legacy
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the legacy left by Nelson Mandela as an inspiring symbol of humanism, perseverance, and hope, and possibly a beacon of creative inspiration itself. In 1994, Mandela and his Government of National Unity founded the new South African republic based on racial reconciliation and a new humanism. However, Mandela’s ethical republic was built on a fragile foundation since South African citizens were unused to the democratic structure and the economy remained unreconstructed. The chapter considers Mandela’s attempts to set himself as a model of justice, non-racialism, and social understanding. Even though South Africans confronted a future without Mandela, he remains a governing national myth, a model of personal sacrifice and reconciliation.