bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evangelicals, Biblical Scholarship, and the Politics of the Modem American Academy
Authors: Hart D G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1976, the famed year of the evangelical, Harold Lindsell dropped a bomb on a religious community relishing its notoriety. His book The Battle for the Bible addressed the increasingly disputed and disreputable doctrine of biblical inerrancy. While Lindsell, as well as Harold John Ockenga, who wrote the preface, thought the book was irenic, the second word of the title indicated that there were limits to how congenial discussions about the authority and meaning of Scripture would be. Indeed, the author wrote with a clear sense of alarm. “Those who call themselves evangelicals, “ Lindsell lamented, had departed markedly from a “viewpoint held by them for so long.”
Pentheus
Authors: Dobrov Gregory W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Scholarship on Dionysos and tragedy tends to follow rather different routes as it emphasizes either cultic manifestation, on the one hand, or Dionysiac myth and symbolism as featured in art and poetry, on the other. It is important to distinguish between the two, and equally important to specify one’s focus in the interpretation of a given text. This chapter aims to contribute to our understanding of how myth was translated into dramatic fiction, with emphasis on a specific Euripidean expression of the poetics involved. In the case of Bakkhai, the myth reflects the ancient violence and savagery that was mitigated and suppressed in contemporary cult.
Erroneous Impressions concerning the Miraculous lnimitability of the Qur’an
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SYNOPSIS The Qur’an and Arabic grammar; the manner by which a miracle is established for all humanity; al-Naiiam’s doctrine of morphology; contrariety in the Qur’anic narratives from the two Testaments; the inconsistencies of the Gospel; negation of free will and delegation of authority [to humankind]; the establishment of the middle position between the two extremes in the Qur’an; the compilation of the Qur’an at the time of the Prophet; the method of the Qur’an in connecting separate subjects [in different parts of the Qur’an]; an absurd and futile attempt to counter two suras of the Qur’an.
The Qur’an has challenged all humanity to produce a chapter like one of its chapters, and, so far, no one has been able to take up the challenge. Since for its obstinate enemies it was intolerable that the Qur’an should defeat its adversaries, they attempted to lower its prestige by casting doubts that their imaginations fabricated about the great ness of the Qur’an, and [expressing] support of their corrupt beliefs. It would be appropriate to turn here to those unfounded doubts, for which they exerted themselves, and to demonstrate the extent of their knowledge and the way their whims swayed them willy-nilly and cast them into a deep abyss. They maintained the following.
Modification in the Creation
Authors: Sachedina Abdulaziz A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SYNOPSIS Eternal divine knowledge does not contradict divine omnipotence; the Jewish position about God’s omnipotence; the place of modification (bada ‘) in the Shi’ite doctrine; the determination of God’s decree (qa{j.a); the benefit in the belief in modification; the real meaning of bada’ in the ShI’ite doctrine; Sunni traditions that corroborate bada ‘; disclosures by the infallible Imams of future events.
In chapter 10 we discussed the question of abrogation (naskh) of ordinances, and this was in the realm of matters related to the Shari’a. We should now tum our atten tion to the question of bada ‘, which is a sort of naskh, but in the realm of the matters connected with creation (takwfn). This subject is important because the actual meaning of bada’ is unknown to many Muslim scholars, and hence, they have attributed to the ShI’ites that of which they are innocent. Moreover, they have not been able to comprehend the subject well and have not been fair in their critique. If only they had proceeded with caution or had suspended judgment when they did not know the sub ject.1 To preserve complete integrity in citations and to apply caution in passing a judgment on a subject under investigation is a normal expectation in a work of scholarship. Moreover, in the matter of religion, one needs to observe the requirements of piety. In view of all this, it is necessary to make a few remarks to clarify the meaning of bada ‘, even though it is not directly relevant to an introduction to the exegesis of the Qur’an.
Other Angles
Authors: Stackhouse John G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Are this life and this world all there is? If there is no afterlife, then any response to the problem of evil must “work” within this world and this life. Religions of Indian origin generally teach that the life we currently live is only a single episode in a long-running series of lives past and future. So questions of good and evil in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism are resolved over a very long timeline. From this point of view, then, it would be absurd to try to understand the workings of good and evil by looking only at the present life of an individual or the present state of the cosmos.
God
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prayer reflects the advice Hesiod gave earlier to Perses: “work, you stupid Perses, / work at the tasks that the gods have set for men to do” Farming, for Hesiod, is indissolubly linked to God. Why this must be the case is clear from Hesiod’s overall point of view. Hesiod does not feel a need to distinguish the natural from the divine. In fact, Hesiod never uses a word for “nature” at all. This does not mean, of course, that he had no sense of what we call “natural.” Hesiod was, as anyone interested in farming must be, vividly aware of the most important implication of our word “nature,” that it works regularly. Spring follows winter; summer follows spring. The crane flies by at the time for plowing; at the time for harvesting the Pleiades, after forty days of being hidden, reemerge from the ocean (WD383-6). Nature is an order. For Hesiod it is the order of Zeus. This is the order Hesiod lives within in the Works and Days, and the order whose development he describes in the Theogony.
The Surface Chemistry of Natural Particles
Authors: Sposito Garrison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book covers the development of both experiment and theory in natural surface particle chemistry. It emphasizes insights gained over the past few years, and concentrates on molecular spectroscopy, kinetics, and equilibrium as they apply to natural particle surface reactions in aqueous media. The discussion, divided among five chapters, is complemented by lengthy annotations, reading suggestions, and end-of-chapter problem sets that require a critical reading of important technical journal articles.
Colloidal Phenomena
Authors: Sposito Garrison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The natural particles whose surface reactions figure most importantly in the geochemistry of soils and sediments range in size from approximately 10 nm to 10 µ,m—from fine clay to fine silt—while comprising a heterogeneous mixture of crystalline minerals, amorphous weathering residues, humus, and microbial biomass. The size range just given, which can be broadened in certain circumstances by as much as an order of magnitude from either endpoint, encompasses typical groundwater colloids and viruses in its lower portion, with riverine suspended solids and phytoplankton included in its upper portion. The processes forming these particles involve the life cycles of organisms, the geochemical weathering of terrestrial materials, and mass transport.1 Once they are formed, the particles themselves may be consumed by the biota; react with dissolved solutes and, there-fore, undergo further transformation; or be moved by advective transport through the atmosphere, surface water, or subsurface water. This last mode of natural particle evolution can be an effiective mechanism for the movement of adsorbed nutrients or contaminants, a phenomenon termed colloid-facilitated transport of adsorbed species.2 Reaction with dissolved solutes, on the other hand, which mediates surface charge, can facilitate the settling of natural particles out of the aqueous phase in which they are suspended, thus reducing the mobility of adsorbed species.
Hitchcock’s Revised American Vision: The Wrong Man and Vertigo
Authors: Cohen Paula Marantz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Wrong Man and Vertigo, released in 1956 and 1958 respectively, are important transitional works in Hitchcock’s repertory. Both show the filmmaker cutting loose from novelistic and familial influences that had informed his earlier films and that were the legacy of Victorian culture. Hitchcock’s move to Hollywood in 1939 and the influence of David 0. Selznick, a specialist in the character-centered “woman’s picture,” had initially given new form and vigor to this legacy. But Hitchcock was also an observer of the American scene, and he found in the images and social conventions of mid-twentieth-century America a new direction for representation that could give expression to changes in himself. By the early 1960s, the conditions of Hitchcock’s life in America had led him to abandon a Victorian notion of character. The Wrong Man and Vertigo can be read as two stages in a process of letting go. They represent a bridge between the character-centered films of the 1940s and 1950s and the character-effacing films of the 1960s and 1970s. They launch him in the direction of a postmodern American esthetic.
Statistical Mechanics of Solids
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This monograph, suitable for use as an advanced text, presents the statistical mechanics of solids from the perspective of the material properties of the solid state. Statistical mechanics is developed as a tool for understanding properties, rather than for its own sake. The book is therefore accessible to a wide audience of students and professionals in materials science and solid state physics and chemistry. In addition to the fundamentals of statistical mechanics and particle statistics, topics covered include the theory of the harmonic crystal, the theory of free electrons in metals and semiconductors, electron transport, alloy ordering, magnetism, phase transformations, surfaces and polymers, among others. Each chapter includes useful exercises to illustrate topics covered in that chapter.
Statistical-Kinetic Theory of Electron Transport
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The free electrons in metals and semiconductors carry charge and are responsible for their electrical conductivity and for some important magnetic effects. They also carry energy and therefore contribute to thermal conductivity. In metals, their concentration is so high that electrons are the major contributors to thermal conductivity. It is therefore important to study the response of free electrons to external electric and magnetic fields and to temperature gradients.
Order-Disorder Alloys
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two examples of order-disorder structures are shown in figure 8.1, in which A represents the structure of brass (CuZn). If we ignore the identity of the atoms, the structure is body-centered cubic (BCC). The BBC lattice contains two interpenetrating simple cubic (SC) sublattices, one sublattice consisting of the cube corners, and the other sublattice consisting of the cube centers, as shown in figure 8.1A. In the completely ordered state, the body centers of the unit cubes are all occupied by atoms of one type (say, Cu) while the cube corners are all occupied by atoms of the other type (say, Zn). The two sublattices are completely equivalent, and it is immaterial which type of atom is assigned to a given sublattice. In the completely disordered state, any site can be occupied by an atom of either type, the probability that a given site contains an atom of a given type being one half.
Phase Equilibria
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consider a one-component system in equilibrium in field-free space so that the only external force acting on it is pressure and its only thermodynamic variables are temperature, pressure, and volume. Over the temperature and pressure ranges of interest, the system can exist in gas, liquid, and solid phases, but assume that there is only one solid phase. For each phase, the pressure, temperature, and volume are connected by an equation of state. The first step in understanding the possible equilibria among these phases is to determine the conditions of temperature and pressure under which the phases can coexist. Quite a lot can be learned by simple applications of thermodynamics.
The New Cosmology
Authors: Brockelman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cosmology” means a theory of the universe as a whole. Since that universe is an emerging reality-one in process-I use the word to mean an understanding of both its origins and its evolution to the present day. In the past fifty years, a new scientific understanding of the entire universe has emerged, an understanding that is fundamentally a story of the whole twelve-to fifteen-billion-year emergence of nature as a whole, including most recently ourselves. That story is both a scientific cosmology and a religious cosmogony, both scientifically true and religiously revelatory and meaningful. Because it is scientific and religious, it may help us (as cultural historian and theologian Thomas Berry and others claim) to reorient ourselves within the whole and thereby provide a comprehensive guide for living in our time.
The Transcendence of God
Authors: Brockelman Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, God is experienced in astonishment and wonder precisely as the sheer actuality or existence of things, a mysterious, creative force throughout the universe that is apprehended in and through the manifold of everything that is. In more traditional religious terminology, he is transcendent. New Testament scholar Walter Brueggemann argues that this sense of wonder at the inexplicable given-ness of life, which he calls “the mystery of God,” is exactly the Biblical sense of creation.
Idea and Object
Authors: Chai Leon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1674 The First Volume of a new philosophical work appeared anonymously in Paris. Its title was De la Recherche de la Verite (Of the Search after Truth). A subtitle furnished more detailed information: Ou /’on traitte de la Nature de /’Esprit de l’homme, & de /’usage qu’il en doit faire pour eviter l’erreur dans es Sciences (Where one treats of the nature of the mind of man, and of the use he should make of it to avoid error in the sciences). The author was a young priest from the Congregation of the Oratory: Nicolas Malebranche. For decades after, his work would exert a remarkable influence on Enlightenment philosophy.
Adult Achievement
Authors: Nock Steven L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some of the most important influences in adult achievement are those over which individuals have little or no control. Each person is born with certain ascribed characteristics (e.g., race, sex, or family background) that influence opportunities and actual achievements. Other forces, however, are under an individual’s control. People have some command over the amount of schooling they complete, for example. Or childbearing may be postponed until children are less likely to interfere with educational or occupational pursuits.
From Eschatology to Apocalypse: Dramatic and Argumentative Form in the Discourse of Prophetic Interpretation
Authors: O’leary Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The preceding chapter examined the role of eschatological narratives in human speculation on the problems of evil, time, and authority, and showed that such narratives result from human attempts to explain and justify the phenomenal realities of evil, to locate humanity within a cycle or progression of cosmic time, and to legitimate or subvert the structures of existing power through the resources of sacred myth. The task of this chapter is to show how the narrative theodicies produced in this effort to understand evil and authority in a context of cosmic time are interpreted and applied by audiences to fit their historical situations.
Hal Lindsey and the Apocalypse of the Twentieth Century
Authors: O’leary Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the 1840s to the 1990s is a very long leap. The period of time marked on one side by the disconfirmation of William Miller’s predictions, and on the other by the long-awaited close of the second millennium of Christian history, spans only four “biblical generations” of forty years; yet this period took the American public through three cataclysmic wars and a series of scientific discoveries that created the conditions for unprecedented technological and social change.
Waco and Beyond
Authors: O’leary Stephen D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has focused on apocalyptic doctrines as they move, or attempt to move, into the mainstream of public discourse. In keeping with this emphasis, I have deliberately avoided discussion of violence in apocalyptic sects and movements. While violence is hardly an unprecedented feature in the history of apocalypticism, the remarkable religious freedom accorded such groups in the United States has made bloody clashes with the state relatively rare. However, the fiery end of the Branch Davidian sect members near Waco, Texas, seems to require some comment, in view of the historical link of this group to others examined in this study, and in view of the impact of events of March-April 1993 on public awareness of apocalypticism.
Super-Job
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yet we cannot tie things up quite so easily-there still remains a loose end of rather major proportions: the Poem itself and its impatient Job. The author of the Poem also heard the ancient theme of Job, but he chose to score quite a different melody over it than the one that the author of James seems to hear: his hero is Job the Impatient, not Job the Patient. So where does the Poem fit within the contrapuntal, Joban harmony? In order to understand this better, we need a different sort of guide; for the Poem, by and large, is a work of imagination that draws from the Joban tradition but is itself individual, for the most part the work of a single creative intellect.
Barriers to Interpretation and the “Bontsye-Model”
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But it is precisely here where we must face our most daunting task; for no longer do we have the luxury of being able to rely confidently on clear-cut historical evidence, as has largely been the case in our discussions above of Y. L. Perets and the nineteenth and twentieth century context in which his “Bontsye Shvayg” was writ ten and subsequently interpreted.
The Art of Parody: The Legal Metaphor
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is interesting that nowhere in conventional Dialogue/ Appeal texts known from antiquity does any legal metaphor play even the slightest role.297 To be sure, as we have already discussed, the issue of the righteousness of the Sufferer is definitely a major consideration in this genre. However, this is never really couched in terms of legal “guilt” or “innocence,” nor is there ever any talk of hauling one party or another into court to decide the issues in contention. The legalisms that abound in the Poem of Job reflect the poet’s own innovation and must be seen as part of his general modus operandi.
Conclusion: The Joban Fugue
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The case I have made above regarding the development of the contrapuntal layers of the book of Job should now be clear. I have argued that it is possible to see a pattern in the development of the tradition of Job strikingly similar to the pattern that shaped the writing of “Bontsye Shvayg” and then continued to shape this Yiddish story’s interpretation. This pattern involves the development of a conservative folk tradition embodied in a famous legend. This legend and the pietistic ideals it portrayed provoked the anger of a great literary artist who determined to counterattack its message, utilizing the literary weapon of parody.
Introduction
Authors: Benard Elisabeth , Moon Beverly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume presents a collection of essays about goddesses and sovereignty, focusing in particular on sacred or divine queens and those goddesses who exhibit a special relationship with an earthly ruler. Sovereign goddesses have been worshipped in numerous cultures, in the past as well as in the present. They are found primarily in complex societies with specialized social roles, where governing is a full-time position and where the ruler serves as a religious focal point binding the community together.
How the Fearsome Fish Eyed Queen Minatci Became a Perfectly Ordinary Goddess
Authors: Harman William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Distinctions between humans and deities tend to be ambiguous in South Asia: Humans regularly achieve promotion to divine status for being gifted gurus, great poets, spiritually adept seekers, martyrs who die for a righteous cause, or able power brokers, such as royalty. People need not necessarily die to achieve divine status, but it often helps. In some cases, jealous or unkind deities do their best to thwart mortals whose virtue, penance, or sacrifices are about to transform their human status into that of a competing divinity.
Celtic goddesses of Sovereignty
Authors: Cana Proinsias Mac 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As with virtually all other aspects and constituents of Celtic religion and mythology, it is advisable to preface any discussion of Celtic goddesses with a significant caveat. The literary evidence of the insular Celtic vernaculars, particularly Irish and Welsh, is quite extensive, but it poses serious problems of evaluation and interpretation. Early Irish, for example, has a wide range of varied material bearing on myth and religion, but it is important to remember that the use of writing in the Irish language—in any substantive sense—dates only from the sixth century and is a Christian, monastic innovation.
Becoming the Express of Heaven
Authors: Nyitray Vivian-Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout cultural China, the goddess Tianhou (Empress of Heaven) ranks second only to the Buddhist bodhisattva Guanyin as a female object of popular devotion. Her cult originated in the southeastern coastal province of Fujian and it gradually spread outward, first to other Chinese coastal communities and then via migration and trade routes to Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas.1 Owing to the vagaries of history and hagiography, the goddess is known in South China by her final enshrinement title of Tianhou (often romanized from Cantonese as Tin Hau), whereas Fujianese and Taiwanese devotees, believing themselves particularly close to the goddess, refer to her formally as Tianshang shengmu (Holy Mother in Heaven) but commonly call her Mazu or Mazupo, an affectionate kinship term meaning something like “Granny.”