bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective cluster head‐based energy aware routing using optimized auto‐metric graph neural network for secured data aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Janarthanan Ashwinth , Srinivasan Vidhusha 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe data are combined and transmitted through wireless sensor network (WSN) in internet of things applications. Multi‐Objective Cluster Head Based Energy Aware Routing using Auto‐Metric Graph Neural Network with Hybrid Balancing Composite Motion and Border Collie Optimization is proposed in this article for secured data aggregation (SDA) in WSN. The proposed method activates routing procedure via cluster head (CH). Hence, data aggregation basis Auto‐Metric Graph Neural Network selects CH depending upon multi‐objective fitness function. This fitness function deems factors, such as energy, delay, throughput, distance amid the nodes, capacity, collision, traffic rate, and cluster density. After CH selection, malicious node is present in the cluster. The optimum path is depending on three parameters: trust, connectivity, and quality of service (QoS). These three parameters have optimized under Hybrid Balancing Composite Motion and Border Collie Optimization method for ideal path selection. The ideal path is employed to transmit the gathered data to base station. The proposed technique is executed in network simulator, and its efficiency is evaluated under performance metrics, like network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and delay. The proposed technique achieves 19.67%, 22.38%, and 27.45% better network lifetime; 28.92%, 25.83%, and 19.46% better packet delivery ratio; and 12.32%, 34.54%, and 22.33% lower delay while compared to the existing models: Taylor‐spotted hyena optimization for dependable and energy‐efficient CH selection‐based safe data routing and fault tolerance in WSN (T‐SHO‐DAWSN), multi‐objective cluster head utilizing SAPGAN for secured data aggregation (SAPGAN‐DAWSN), and energy efficient data accumulation design for protected routing protocol in WSN (MDAS‐DAWSN) methods, respectively.
β‐Chitin and chitosan from waste shells of edible mollusks as a functional ingredient
Authors: Karthick Rajan Durairaj , Mohan Kannan , Rajarajeswaran Jayakumar , Divya Dharmaraj , Kumar Ragavendhar , Kandasamy Sabariswaran , Zhang Shubing , Ramu Ganesan Abirami 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe marine food‐processing industries were producing large quantities of shell wastes as a discard. Currently, this waste material was underutilized and leads to the landfill as a significant environmental issue. The outer shells or exoskeletons of mollusks serve as the best source of chitin. Three different allomorphs of chitin (γ, β, and γ) were extracted from different species of crustaceans, mollusks, and fungi. β‐Allomorphs predominantly exist in the shells of mollusks. β‐Chitin and its deacetylated product chitosan has been utilized for its special characteristic features, including biocompatibility, environmental friendly, and nontoxic properties. The extraction of β‐chitin and chitosan from the mollusk shell waste were evaluated in this work. Hence, this review aims to explore edible mollusk shell waste sources and its suitable extraction techniques, characterizations, and functional properties of mollusk‐based β‐chitin and chitosan. Further, the genetic pathway of synthesizing mollusk chitin was discussed. The entire life cycle assessment with techno‐economic aspects were extrapolated to study the bottlenecks and tangible solution for the industrial upscaling of obtaining β‐chitin and chitosan from the edible mollusk shell waste have been reviewed herein.
History of traditional Mongolian medical education based onManba Datsan: A literature review
Authors: Batmunkh Buyandelger , Enkhbat Munguntuul , Gankhuyag Taivanjargal , Chantuu Oyunaa , Badamdorj Oyungoo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTraditional Mongolian Medical Education (TMME) was developed based onManba Datsan (MD)in harmony with the Buddhist philosophy‐medical system in Mongolia. It was developed intensively during the 17th–20th centuries and was interrupted for a while, but it is still a part of medical care in Mongolia, training traditional medicine doctors and nurses. Its historical roots are inextricably linked with medical and philosophical development not only among Mongolians, but also in some Oriental and Western countries. This review aims to raise awareness and promote TMM, following the WHO guidelines on traditional medicines.MethodsRelevant literatures from Google Scholar, PubMed, Mongolian national and university libraries in the past 30 years were collected in this article, and books, of which the history, philosophy, and culture of TMM were analyzed. We used inductive analysis within the constructivist paradigm and conducted the research as follows: (I) analyze relevant literature reviews; (II) formulate the historical periodization of Mongolian medical education (MME); (III) explore an overview of the philosophies that have been influenced by TMME; and (IV) study the contents and phases ofMDtraining in Mongolia.ResultsAn integrated version of the historical periodization of the MME was developed with fully compatible historical periodization based on important socio‐political turning points in Mongolia. TMME has been clarified by the direct and mutual influence of Oriental, and Western medical concepts. Between the 17th and 20th centuries, TMME was developed based onMD. Since 1990, the training process has been conducted in accordance with the international standards of modern vocational and higher education.ConclusionTraditional Mongolian Medical Education was formed by underpinnings of the achievements of Mongolian national practical and folk medicine. This process was greatly influenced by the traditions of the Mongolian education system and achievements of oriental medical education.
A New Transoral Vestibulum Single Incision Endoscopic‐Assisted Thyroidectomy with Gasless
Authors: Li Nian , Shen Hong , Zhang Junbo , Dong Bingwan , Wang Yong , Li Tiancheng 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe developed a novel method for thyroidectomy using a single‐incision oral vestibular approach. To assess its advantages and disadvantages, we compared the perioperative parameters of this approach with those of transoral three‐incision thyroidectomy and trans‐areolar thyroidectomy.MethodsIn a study of 136 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients (2016–2018), precise thyroidectomy and neck dissection were conducted. Among them, 52 chose single‐incision oral vestibular approach, 33 chose three‐incision variant, and 51 underwent trans‐areolar thyroidectomy. Perioperative aspects of the transoral single‐incision group were compared with those of transoral three‐incision group, and transthoracic group.ResultsIn the cohort, meticulous tumor level VI lymph node dissection was performed, achieving intended resection extent with one case requiring a switch from transoral to transthoracic approach. No nerve palsy occurred in the transoral group. Thyroidectomy duration varied significantly across groups. Transoral single‐incision had a shorter duration than transoral three‐incision and longer than transthoracic. Minor differences were observed in blood loss and drainage. Perioperative factors like hematoma, infection, hypocalcemia, et al., remained consistent. Notably, no tumor recurrence was observed in this study.ConclusionsThis new transoral video‐assisted neck surgery (TOVANS) method for thyroidectomy without gas insufflation approach did not increase the surgical complexity compared with the transoral vestibular three‐incision thyroidectomy and the trans‐areolar thyroidectomy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2976–2984, 2024
Multi‐agent search for a moving and camouflaging target
Authors: Lejeune Miguel , Royset Johannes O. , Ma Wenbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn multi‐agent search planning for a randomly moving and camouflaging target, we examine heterogeneous searchers that differ in terms of their endurance level, travel speed, and detection ability. This leads to a convex mixed‐integer nonlinear program, which we reformulate using three linearization techniques. We develop preprocessing steps, outer approximations via lazy constraints, and bundle‐based cutting plane methods to address large‐scale instances. Further specializations emerge when the target moves according to a Markov chain. We carry out an extensive numerical study to show the computational efficiency of our methods and to derive insights regarding which approach should be favored for which type of problem instance.
Head and Neck Ultrasound Utilization Rates: 2012 to 2019
Authors: Shires Courtney B. , Boughter John D. , Smith Aaron , Sebelik Merry E 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe measured utilization of clinician‐performed head and neck ultrasound among otolaryngologists, endocrinologists, and general surgeons, using Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Medicare billing database.SettingUniversity.MethodsFor each year, the files were filtered to include 4 provider types: Diagnostic Radiology (DR), Endocrinology (ENDO), General Surgery (GS), and Otolaryngology (OTO). Billable procedures are listed by Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System code and a filter was applied to include 76536 Ultrasound, soft tissues of the head and neck.ResultsIn 2019, OTOs submitted charges for 2.1% of all head and neck diagnostic ultrasounds (76536) performed on Medicare beneficiaries. For each year 2012 to 2019, DRs submitted the most charges, followed by ENDOs, and then OTO and GS. Charges for all groups increased in a proportional manner across the 8‐year period. 14.5% of OTOs submitted more than 100 charges apiece during 2019, that is, “super users.” The percentage of super users within each specialty increased from 2012 to 2019. Overall, the data support an ever‐increasing use of head and neck ultrasound (HNUS) among all provider types.ConclusionEven with increased use among OTOs, this specialty only accounted for a small percentage of head & neck diagnostic ultrasounds performed on Medicare beneficiaries in 2019. Changes in volume of nonradiology point‐of‐care HNUS was not associated with changes in DR volume. A greater proportion of OTOs than DRs are “super users” among the ultrasound users within their specialty, performing more than 100 exams/year.Level of EvidenceV.
A framework for considering prior information in network‐based approaches to omics data analysis
Authors: Somers Julia , Fenner Madeleine , Kong Garth , Thirumalaisamy Dharani , Yashar William M. , Thapa Kisan , Kinali Meric , Nikolova Olga , Babur Özgün , Demir Emek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFor decades, molecular biologists have been uncovering the mechanics of biological systems. Efforts to bring their findings together have led to the development of multiple databases and information systems that capture and present pathway information in a computable network format. Concurrently, the advent of modern omics technologies has empowered researchers to systematically profile cellular processes across different modalities. Numerous algorithms, methodologies, and tools have been developed to use prior knowledge networks (PKNs) in the analysis of omics datasets. Interestingly, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that the source of prior knowledge can greatly impact the results of a given analysis. For these methods to be successful it is paramount that their selection of PKNs is amenable to the data type and the computational task they aim to accomplish. Here we present a five‐level framework that broadly describes network models in terms of their scope, level of detail, and ability to inform causal predictions. To contextualize this framework, we review a handful of network‐based omics analysis methods at each level, while also describing the computational tasks they aim to accomplish.
Inhaled nitric oxide in acute bronchiolitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Renko Marjo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveUntil date there is lack of effective therapies in acute bronchiolitis in infants. The aim was to analyze inhaled nitric oxide efficacy in acute bronchiolitis.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.SettingPediatric specialized healthcare.PatientsAll infants (age less than 2 years) having acute bronchiolitis, which requires emergency room visit or hospitalization.InterventionInhaled nitric oxide.Main Outcome MeasuresNeed for intensive care unit admission. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay and adverse events. Risk ratios (RR) and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated by random‐effects DerSimonian and Laird inverse variance method. Peto Odds ratios were used for rare outcomes. Evidence certainty assessed according to GRADE.Results186 studies were screened and three included for analysis. Two had low risk of bias and one had some concerns. Three studies (166 infants) analyzed length of hospital stay and the duration was −11.3 h (CI: −26.8 to +4.2 h) shorter in the nitric oxide group. Evidence certainty was ranked as low. Overall adverse event rates were similar (3 studies, 166 infants, RR: 0.94, CI: 0.70–1.26), but treatment related harms were more common in nitric oxide group (2 studies, 98 infants, OR: 3.86, CI: 1.04–14.40). Evidence certainty in both was rated as low.ConclusionsLow certainty evidence suggests that inhaled nitric oxide does not reduce length of hospital stay but may have higher rate of treatment associated harms. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better estimate both the efficacy and adverse events.
Moisture sources for precipitation over the Pamirs Plateau in winter and spring
Authors: Mao Xingli , Xing Li , Shang Wei , Li Shuangshuang , Duan Keqin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe abundant precipitation over Pamirs Plateau (PP) in spring and winter plays a vital role in the water resources over the arid areas of Central Asia. Understanding the moisture sources and water vapour transportation associated with precipitation are very important, but there were few studies investigating the moisture sources of PP. We used a Lagrangian model driven with the Weather Research and Forecasting output to analyse the moisture sources at Northern Pamirs Plateau (NPP) and Southern Pamirs Plateau (SPP) in spring 2016, 2009 and 2001, and in winter 2016, 2010 and 2017, as the seasonal precipitation in PP was the largest, median and lowest during 2001 to 2018, and the precipitation in spring and winter was much higher than that in summer and autumn. The moisture sources from four regions were quantified: Atlantic‐Europe‐Africa, Arctic‐Northern Asia, Indian Ocean, and moisture recycling from the PP. Atlantic‐Europe‐Africa and Indian Ocean are the dominant moisture source regions in spring and winter, which contribute more than 70% to the total moisture affecting the precipitation at PP. The contributions of Indian Ocean are higher at SPP than those at NPP in spring and winter. The contributions from Arctic‐Northern Asia and PP are generally low, except that the moisture from PP region contributed 19% to the spring precipitation at NPP, indicating the importance of a local moisture source in enhancing the spring precipitation at NPP. The moisture contributions originating from the different source regions show great differences between winter and spring. The moisture transportation is affected by westerlies, and the zonal winds in spring affect the moisture transportation, while the meridional winds over the Arabian Peninsula mainly affect the moisture transportation in winter.
AgNWs/Fe3O4@NC Conductive Network Hierarchical Assembly to Prepare Flexible EMI Shielding Textile
Authors: Sun Minghui , Wang Zhuoping , Xiao Junwu , Tian Xin , Ma Xin , Wang Shuai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of high‐power electronic instruments and communication technology, efficient electromagnetic shielding materials with strong absorption of electromagnetic waves and low reflection characteristics have become the focus of the world's attention. This study designs and synthesizes N‐doped carbon‐coated hollow Fe3O4 nanospheres (Fe3O4@NC) by spraying Ag nanowires (AgNWs) on textiles as conductive networks. Because of the high permeability and hollow structure Fe3O4@NC, electromagnetic wave goes through a unique process of “absorption, reflection, and reabsorption” when it passes through the surface of the composite textile. In X‐band (≈8.2–12.4 GHz), the average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) reaches 50.1 dB, while the reflectance shielding efficiency (SER) is only 2.6 dB, and the average reflectance power coefficient (R) is as low as 0.45. The composite fabric has excellent properties and provides an effective strategy for electromagnetic interference shielding based on absorption.
Architektonische Gebäudehüllen aus Metall – optimierte Formgebung doppelt gekrümmter Bauteile
Authors: Mehrtens Peter , Kuhnhenne Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDas Lehr‐ und Forschungsgebiet „Nachhaltigkeit im Metallleichtbau“ an der RWTH Aachen University forscht an Gebäudehüllen aus Metall und entwickelt Verfahren zur Planung und Herstellung von Systembauteilen für gestalterisch und funktional anspruchsvolle Bauwerke. Hierbei stellen insbesondere doppelt gekrümmte Fassaden und Dächer eine besondere Herausforderung an Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Fertigung und Bauausführung dar. In diesem Aufsatz wird die verbesserte Formgebung von doppelt gekrümmten Bauteilen aus Metall für Hochbauanwendungen vorgestellt. Diese wurde im Rahmen eines kooperativ durchgeführten Forschungsprojekts entwickelt. Dabei werden das Zusammenspiel der Umformverfahren sowie die Simulation der Formbildung und Herangehensweise zur Optimierung des Verfahrens behandelt. Einführend werden verschiedene Formungsverfahren für räumlich gekrümmte Baukomponenten betrachtet.
Anethole mitigates H2O2‐induced inflammation in HIG‐82 synoviocytes by suppressing the aquaporin 1 expression and activating the protein kinase A pathway
Authors: Huang Tai‐Lung , Chang Yu‐Chun , Tsai Bruce Chi‐Kang , Chen Tung‐Sheng , Kao Shih‐Wen , Tsai Yung‐Yun , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Yao Chun‐Hsu , Lin Kuan‐Ho , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Anethole, a prominent compound derived from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), possesses a spectrum of therapeutic properties, including anti‐arthritic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and tumor‐suppressive effects. However, its specific impact on RA remains underexplored. This study sought to uncover the potential therapeutic value of anethole in treating RA by employing an H2O2‐induced inflammation model with HIG‐82 synovial cells. Our results demonstrated that exposure to H2O2 induced the inflammation and apoptosis in these cells. Remarkably, anethole treatment effectively countered these inflammatory and apoptotic processes triggered by H2O2. Moreover, we identified the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathway as critical regulators of inflammation and apoptosis. H2O2 stimulation led to an increase in the AQP1 expression and a decrease in p‐PKA‐C, contributing to cartilage degradation. Conversely, anethole not only downregulated the AQP1 expression but also activated the PKA pathway, effectively suppressing cell inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, anethole also inhibited the enzymes responsible for cartilage degradation. In summary, our findings highlight the potential of anethole as a therapeutic agent for mitigating H2O2‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in synovial cells, offering promising prospects for future RA treatments.
Management Processes
Authors: Hirsch Dennis , Bartley Timothy , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Norris Davon , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Turner Piers Norris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Management processes are essential to an organization’s ability to spot and address ethical issues. In this chapter we investigate the types of processes used by organizations to manage ethical risks related to their use of advanced analytics and AI. We find that it is typical for organizations to develop processes for spotting ethical issues, escalating them to the appropriate decision-maker, and for reaching decisions about these issues. There is no single “silver bullet” approach to these vital data ethics management tasks and we saw a variety of practices. Some organizations placed data ethics professionals at various parts of the organization to spot ethical issues and escalate them to the center. Others employed checklists for data scientists, or consultation with external advisors. For decision-making, some organizations deployed a cross-functional data ethics committee. The committees at some companies operated with more autonomy and authority than those at others. We conclude this chapter by discussing how organizations can go beyond their traditional boundaries and institute processes that govern, not only the company’s own use of advanced analytics and AI, but also that of their suppliers and customers.
Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) to Assess Remediation Performance at Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sites
Authors: Bouchard Daniel , Sueker Julie , Hӧhener Patrick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCompound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is an advanced characterization tool increasingly used by field practitioners to demonstrate degradation of compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer systems. Formerly used to demonstrate occurrence of in situ biodegradation of BTEX during natural attenuation in groundwater, CSIA underwent substantial research and development to confidently be applied in the frame of engineered remediation efforts. Due to the feasibility to demonstrate destruction of contaminants by tracking the change in isotopic composition caused by either biotic or abiotic processes, mass destruction process initiated by the remediation treatment can be distinguished from other co-occurring non-destructive mass removal process(es) such as sorption and dilution. For this reason, CSIA has become a valuable characterization tool to directly assess the performance of the remediation treatment on specifically selected contaminants. This chapter presents the principles of CSIA application to assess performance of in situ remediation treatments applied to BTEX-contaminated sites. The information introduced herein on CSIA is presented from the perspective of supporting field practitioners in their intention to implement the tool at field sites.