bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of doxycycline on progression of osteoarthritis: Results of a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: Brandt Kenneth D. , Mazzuca Steven A. , Katz Barry P. , Lane Kathleen A. , Buckwalter Kenneth A. , Yocum David E. , Wolfe Frederick , Schnitzer Thomas J. , Moreland Larry W. , Manzi Susan , Bradley John D. , Sharma Leena , Oddis Chester V. , Hugenberg Steven T. , Heck Louis W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo confirm preclinical data suggesting that doxycycline can slow the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The primary outcome measure was joint space narrowing (JSN) in the medial tibiofemoral compartment.MethodsIn this placebo‐controlled trial, obese women (n = 431) ages 45–64 years with unilateral radiographic knee OA were randomly assigned to receive 30 months of treatment with 100 mg doxycycline or placebo twice a day. Tibiofemoral JSN was measured manually in fluoroscopically standardized radiographic examinations performed at baseline, 16 months, and 30 months. Severity of joint pain was recorded at 6‐month intervals.ResultsSeventy‐one percent of all randomized subjects completed the trial. Radiographs were obtained from 85% of all randomized subjects at 30 months. Adherence to the dosing regimen was 91.8% among subjects who completed the study per protocol. After 16 months of treatment, the mean ± SD loss of joint space width in the index knee in the doxycycline group was 40% less than that in the placebo group (0.15 ± 0.42 mm versus 0.24 ± 0.54 mm); after 30 months, it was 33% less (0.30 ± 0.60 mm versus 0.45 ± 0.70 mm). Doxycycline did not reduce the mean severity of joint pain, although pain scores in both treatment groups were low at baseline and remained low throughout the trial, suggesting the presence of a floor effect. However, the frequency of followup visits at which the subject reported a ≥20% increase in pain in the index knee, relative to the previous visit, was reduced among those receiving doxycycline. In contrast, doxycycline did not have an effect on either JSN or pain in the contralateral knee. In both treatment groups, subjects who reported a ≥20% increase in knee pain at the majority of their followup visits had more rapid JSN than those whose pain did not increase.ConclusionDoxycycline slowed the rate of JSN in knees with established OA. Its lack of effect on JSN in the contralateral knee suggests that pathogenetic mechanisms in that joint were different from those in the index knee.
BAFF overexpression and accelerated glomerular disease in mice with an incomplete genetic predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Stohl William , Xu Dong , Kim Kyoung Soo , Koss Michael N. , Jorgensen Trine N. , Deocharan Bisram , Metzger Troy E. , Bixler Sarah A. , Hong Yeon Sik , Ambrose Christine M. , Mackay Fabienne , Morel Laurence , Putterman Chaim , Kotzin Brian L. , Kalled Susan L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether overexpression of BAFF can accelerate the development of systemic lupus erythematosus–associated end‐organ disease in hosts with an underlying autoimmune diathesis.MethodsWe introduced a BAFF transgene (Tg) into autoimmune‐prone B6.Sle1 and B6.Nba2 mice and evaluated these mice for serologic autoimmunity and renal pathology.ResultsB6.Sle1.BAFF and B6.Nba2.BAFF mice, but not non‐Tg littermates, frequently developed severe glomerular pathology by 3 months of age. Age‐matched B6.BAFF mice, despite renal Ig deposits and increases in B cells and Ig production similar to those in B6.Sle1.BAFF and B6.Nba2.BAFF mice, did not develop glomerular pathology. In B6.Sle1.BAFF and B6.Nba2.BAFF mice, severity of glomerular disease did not obligately correlate with circulating levels of IgG antichromatin and/or anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies or with amounts of these autoantibodies deposited in the kidneys. Even in mice with severe glomerular disease, renal tubulointerstitial infiltrates were very limited, and increased proteinuria was not detected.ConclusionBAFF‐driven effects on glomerular pathology may be mediated, at least in part, by autoantibodies with specificities other than chromatin and/or by autoantibody‐independent means. There is an uncoupling of BAFF‐driven precocious glomerular pathology from concomitant development of clinically apparent renal disease, strongly suggesting that BAFF overexpression works in concert with other factors to promote overt renal disease.
Angiography‐negative primary central nervous system vasculitis in children: A newly recognized inflammatory central nervous system disease
Authors: Benseler Susanne M. , deVeber Gabrielle , Hawkins Cynthia , Schneider Rayfel , Tyrrell Pascal N. , Aviv Richard I. , Armstrong Derek , Laxer Ronald M. , Silverman Earl D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases in childhood comprise a wide spectrum of heterogeneous conditions. We studied 4 children with primary CNS vasculitis in whom results of magnetic resonance imaging studies were abnormal but results of conventional angiography were normal. We determined that angiography‐negative, biopsy‐confirmed primary small‐vessel CNS vasculitis is a previously unrecognized distinct disease entity in children. The diagnosis must be considered in a child with a progressive, acquired diffuse or focal neurologic deficit, even if the results of conventional angiography are normal. A lesional brain biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. Use of immunosuppressive therapy plus aspirin leads to an excellent neurologic outcome.
Tumor necrosis factor α blockade treatment down‐modulates the increased systemic and local expression of toll‐like receptor 2 and toll‐like receptor 4 in spondylarthropathy
Authors: De Rycke Leen , Vandooren Bernard , Kruithof Elli , De Keyser Filip , Veys Eric M. , Baeten Dominique 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveAbnormal host defense against pathogens has been implicated in the pathogenesis of spondylarthropathy (SpA), a disease characterized by abundant synovial infiltration with innate immune cells. Given the role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in activation of innate inflammation and the occurrence of TLR‐dependent infections after tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockade treatment, the present study was undertaken to analyze TLRs and their modulation by TNFα blockade in SpA.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from SpA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during infliximab therapy, and from healthy controls. TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression and TNFα production upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were analyzed by flow cytometry on different monocyte subsets. Synovial biopsy specimens from 23 SpA patients before and after infliximab or etanercept treatment, from 15 RA patients, and from 18 osteoarthritis (OA) patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsExpression of TLR‐4, but not TLR‐2, was increased on PBMCs from patients with SpA, whereas both TLRs were increased in RA patients. TLR expression was particularly increased on the CD163+ macrophage subset. Infliximab reduced TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression on monocytes of SpA and RA patients, leading to lower levels than in controls and to impaired TNFα production upon LPS stimulation. In inflamed synovium, the expression of both TLRs and of CD163 was significantly higher in patients with SpA than in those with RA or OA. Paralleling the systemic effect, TLRs in synovium were down‐regulated following treatment with infliximab as well as etanercept, indicating a class effect of TNFα blockers.ConclusionInflammation in SpA is characterized by increased TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression, which is sharply reduced by TNFα blockade. These findings suggest a potential role of innate immunity–mediated inflammation in SpA and provide an additional clue regarding the mechanism of action as well as the potential side effects of TNFα blockade.
Effective treatment of collagen‐induced arthritis by adoptive transfer of CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Morgan Mary E. , Flierman Roelof , van Duivenvoorde Leonie M. , Witteveen Hendrik J. , van Ewijk Willem , van Laar Jacob M. , de vries René R. P. , Toes René E. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveRegulatory T cells play an important role in the prevention of autoimmunity and have been shown to be effective in the treatment of experimental colitis, a T cell–mediated and organ‐specific disease. We previously demonstrated that intrinsic CD25+ regulatory T cells modulate the severity of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), which, in contrast to colitis, is a systemic antibody‐mediated disease and an accepted model of rheumatoid arthritis. We undertook this study to determine whether regulatory T cells have the potential to be used therapeutically in arthritis.MethodsWe transferred CD4+,CD25+ T cells into mice exhibiting arthritis symptoms, both immunocompetent mice and mice subjected to lethal irradiation and rescued with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation.ResultsA single transfer of regulatory T cells markedly slowed disease progression, which could not be attributed to losses of systemic type II collagen–specific T and B cell responses, since these remained unchanged after adoptive transfer. However, regulatory T cells could be found in the inflamed synovium soon after transfer, indicating that regulation may occur locally in the joint.ConclusionOur data indicate that CD25+ regulatory T cells can be used for the treatment of systemic, antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases, such as CIA.
Host limits to accurate human growth hormone production in multiple plant systems
Authors: Russell Douglas A. , Spatola Lori A. , Dian Titik , Paradkar Vikram M. , Dufield Dawn R. , Carroll James A. , Schlittler Michael R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Biotechnol Bioeng 2005;89:775–782
[CH3MoF], [CH2MoHF], and [CHMoH2F] Formed by Reaction of Laser‐Ablated Molybdenum Atoms with Methyl Fluoride: Persistent Photoreversible Interconversion through α‐Hydrogen Migration and Agostic Interaction
Authors: Cho Han‐Gook , Andrews Lester 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSimple molybdenum methyl, carbene, and carbyne complexes, [CH3MoF], [CH2MoHF], and [CHMoH2F], were formed by the reaction of laser‐ablated molybdenum atoms with methyl fluoride and isolated in an argon matrix. These molecules provide a persistent photoreversible system through α‐hydrogen migration between the carbon and metal atoms: The methyl and carbene complexes are produced by applying UV irradiation (240–380 nm) while the carbyne complex is depleted, and the process reverses on irradiation with visible light (λ>420 nm). An absorption at 589.3 cm−1 is attributed to the MoF stretching mode of [CH3MoF], which is in fact the most stable of the plausible products. Density functional theory calculations show that one of the α‐hydrogen atoms of the carbene complex is considerably bent toward the metal atom (∢HCMo=84.5°), which provides evidence of a strong agostic interaction in the triplet ground state. The calculated CMo bond length in the carbyne is in the range of triple‐bond values in methylidyne complexes.
Percutaneous biopsy of pediatric solid tumors
Authors: Garrett Kevin M. , Fuller Christine E. , Santana Victor M. , Shochat Stephen J. , Hoffer Fredric A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous biopsy of pediatric solid tumors, a procedure that is less invasive than open biopsy.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data related to 202 percutaneous core‐needle biopsies of solid tumors at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital over 5.5 years (from 1997 to 2003). In 103 patients, the procedure was performed to establish an initial diagnosis of a suspected malignancy; and, in 99 patients, disease recurrence was suspected. Biopsies were guided by ultrasound, computed tomography, or fluoroscopic imaging. From each tumor, 1–17 core biopsy samples (median, 6 samples) were obtained; the median needle size was 15 gauge (range, 13–20 gauge). The specimens were submitted for histopathologic analysis and other ancillary procedures (molecular pathology and/or cytogenetic analyses). The accuracy of the diagnoses from the biopsies was determined by subsequent surgery with or without pathologic assessment or by outcome.RESULTSWhen the biopsy samples were assessed for the presence of malignancy, there were 121 true‐positive results (90% sensitivity), 67 true‐negative results (100% specificity), and 14 false‐negative results (93% accuracy). In 103 tumors, when the procedure was performed for initial diagnosis, percutaneous needle biopsy showed a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 98%. The 99 procedures for suspected recurrence were less reliable (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 100%; accuracy, 88%).CONCLUSIONSImage‐guided percutaneous biopsy was highly accurate and safe in the diagnosis of pediatric malignant solid tumors. This technique may be able to supplant diagnostic open biopsy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Predictors and outcomes of surgeons' referral of older breast cancer patients to medical oncologists
Authors: Thwin Soe Soe , Fink Aliza K. , Lash Timothy L. , Silliman Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlder women are less likely than younger women to receive definitive care for a new diagnosis of breast cancer, but the reasons are not well understood. Although coordination of referral among specialists is an important component of quality of care, it has not been studied as a factor that contributes to observed age‐related variations in breast cancer care.METHODSTreatment recommendations by 191 surgeons of 559 patients aged ≥ 65 years with Stage I to IIIa breast cancer provided patient‐specific assessments of comorbidity and medical oncologist referral. Demographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics from medical records and telephone interviews were evaluated by statistical regression methods to identify factors associated with referral to a medical oncologist and to evaluate whether a referral resulted in discussion and prescription of tamoxifen.RESULTSEstrogen receptor protein negativity and higher tumor stage increased the likelihood of referral (odds ratio [OR] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9–16.7, and OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.7–10.3, respectively), whereas a moderate to severely ill health status decreased the likelihood of referral (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9). Those referred were twice as likely to report having a discussion about tamoxifen (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.06–3.7) and to have been prescribed tamoxifen (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.99–4.3).CONCLUSIONSReferral to medical oncologists is associated with receipt of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. The current study findings suggest that more consistent referral of older women to medical oncologists may enhance quality of discussion and participation in decisions concerning treatment options. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Neuropeptide Y in the forebrain of the adult male cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus: Distribution, effects of castration and testosterone replacement
Authors: Sakharkar Amul J. , Singru Praful S. , Sarkar Koustav , Subhedar Nishikant K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe studied the organization of the neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐immunoreactive system in the forebrain of adult male cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus and its response to castration and testosterone replacement by using morphometric methods. Immunoreactivity for NPY was widely distributed in the forebrain, and the pattern generally resembled that in other teleosts. Whereas immunoreactivity was conspicuous in the ganglia of nervus terminalis (NT; or nucleus olfactoretinalis), a weak reaction was detected in some granule cells in the olfactory bulb and in the cells of area ventralis telencephali pars lateralis (Vl). Moderately to intensely immunoreactive cells were distinctly seen in the nucleus entopeduncularis (NE), nucleus preopticus (NPO), nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT), paraventricular organ (PVO), and midbrain tegmentum (MT). NPY fibers were widely distributed in the forebrain. Castration for 10/15 days resulted in a drastic loss of immunoreactivity in the cells of NE (P < 0.001) and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in their cell nuclear size. However, cell nuclei of the NT neurons showed a significant increase in size. A highly significant reduction in the NPY‐immunoreactive fiber density (P < 0.001) was observed in several areas of the forebrain. Although testosterone replacement reversed these changes, fibers in some areas showed supranormal responses. Immunoreactive cells in Vl, NPO, NLT, PVO, and MT and fiber density in some other areas did not respond to castration. We suggest that the NPY‐immunoreactive elements that respond to castration and testosterone replacement may serve as the substrate for processing the positive feedback action of the steroid hormone. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:148–165, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental expression and comparative genomic analysis of Xenopus cardiac myosin heavy chain genes
Authors: Garriock Robert J. , Meadows Stryder M. , Krieg Paul A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMyosin heavy chains (MHC) are cytoskeletal motor proteins essential to the process of muscle contraction. We have determined the complete sequences of the Xenopus cardiac MHC genes, α‐MHC and ventricular MHC (vMHC), and have characterized their developmental expression profiles. Whereas α‐MHC is expressed from the earliest stages of cardiac differentiation, vMHC transcripts are not detected until the heart has undergone chamber formation. Early expression of vMHC appears to mark the cardiac conduction system, but expression expands to include the ventricle and outflow tract myocardium during subsequent development. Sequence comparisons, transgenic expression analysis, and comparative genomic studies indicate that Xenopus α‐MHC is the true orthologue of the mammalian α‐MHC gene. On the other hand, we show that the Xenopus vMHC gene is most closely related to chicken ventricular MHC (vMHC1) not the mammalian β‐MHC. Comparative genomic analysis has allowed the detection of a mammalian MHC gene (MyH15) that appears to be the orthologue of vMHC, but evidence suggests that this gene is no longer active. Developmental Dynamics 233:1287–1293, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reference guide to the stages of chick heart embryology
Authors: Martinsen Brad J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCardiac progenitors of the splanchnic mesoderm (primary and secondary heart field), cardiac neural crest, and the proepicardium are the major embryonic contributors to chick heart development. Their contribution to cardiac development occurs with precise timing and regulation during such processes as primary heart tube fusion, cardiac looping and accretion, cardiac septation, and the development of the coronary vasculature. Heart development is even more complex if one follows the development of the cardiac innervation, cardiac pacemaking and conduction system, endocardial cushions, valves, and even the importance of apoptosis for proper cardiac formation. This review is meant to provide a reference guide (Table 1) on the developmental timing according to the staging of Hamburger and Hamilton (1951) (HH) of these important topics in heart development for those individuals new to a chick heart research laboratory. Even individuals outside of the heart field, who are working on a gene that is also expressed in the heart, will gain information on what to look for during chick heart development. This reference guide provides complete and easy reference to the stages involved in heart development, as well as a global perspective of how these cardiac developmental events overlap temporally and spatially, making it a good bench top companion to the many recently written in‐depth cardiac reviews of the molecular aspects of cardiac development. Developmental Dynamics 233:1217–1237, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Alkaloid Analogues from α‐Amino Acids by One‐Pot Radical Decarboxylation/Alkylation
Authors: Boto Alicia , De León Yolanda , Gallardo Juan Antonio , Hernández Rosendo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA mild, one‐pot methodology to obtain α‐substituted nitrogen heterocycles from commercial amino acids is reported. This versatile procedure has been applied to the synthesis of different alkaloid analogues in good to excellent yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Selective Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of New Azomethine Imines Containing a 1,2,4‐Triazine Ring
Authors: Gróf Csilla , Hegedűs Gábor , Riedl Zsuzsanna , Hajós György , Egyed Orsolya , Csámpai Antal , Kudar Veronika , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe reactions of 4,5‐dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐c]benzo[1,2,4]triazines with aromatic aldehydes gave stable iminium salts which were deprotonated to give new azomethine imines. These new mesomeric betaines underwent 1,3‐dipolar cyclization reactions to yield new tetra‐ and pentacyclic heterocycles. X‐ray analysis and decoupling NMR experiments unambiguously supported the fact that these transformations are regioselective and that the iminium moieties were formed at the N‐5 atom in each case. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Factor forecasts for the UK
Authors: Artis Michael J. , Banerjee Anindya , Marcellino Massimiliano 
Published: June 2005

AbstractData are now readily available for a very large number of macroeconomic variables that are potentially useful when forecasting. We argue that recent developments in the theory of dynamic factor models enable such large data sets to be summarized by relatively few estimated factors, which can then be used to improve forecast accuracy. In this paper we construct a large macroeconomic data set for the UK, with about 80 variables, model it using a dynamic factor model, and compare the resulting forecasts with those from a set of standard time‐series models. We find that just six factors are sufficient to explain 50% of the variability of all the variables in the data set. These factors, which can be shown to be related to key variables in the economy, and their use leads to considerable improvements upon standard time‐series benchmarks in terms of forecasting performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.