bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized clinical study on the efficacy of vonoprazan combined with amoxicillin duo regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Yang Faming , Yu Baiyang , Qin Lang , Dai Xiaorong 
Published: October 2023

Background:

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) can cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and many other gastrointestinal diseases. The 14-day neo-dual therapy for H pylori is considered by most countries to have good eradication rates, while the 7- and 10-day studies have been more widely explored, however, we find that their results are different. The applicability of the shorter and less expensive 10-day neo-dual therapy to our country has not yet been confirmed.

Methods:
The patients were divided into 3 groups of 200 each by randomization method. Group A: patients received vonoprazan 20 mg, bid + amoxicillin(1 g), tid, for 14 days. Group B: vonoprazan (20 mg) bid + amoxicillin (1 g) tid, duration of treatment is 10 days, group C: rabeprazole (20 mg) bid + bismuth potassium citrate tablets/tinidazole tablets/clarithromycin tablets, combined package (4.2 g), bid, duration of treatment 14 days. The main comparisons were H pylori eradication rate, adverse drug reaction profile and cost—effect ratio in each group.

Results:
The eradication rates of groups A, B, and C were 92.5%, 91.6%, and 80.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the eradication rates of groups A and B (P > .05), groups A and B had statistically significantly better eradication rates than group C (P < .05). The incidence of adverse reactions in groups A, B, and C was 9.5%, 8.5%, and 17.0%, respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between A and B: (P > .05), The incidence of adverse reactions was statistically significantly lower in groups A and B than in group C (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed nonsmokers had a higher eradication rate (OR 2.587, 95% CI: 1.377–4.859, P = .003), and taller patients were more likely to have successful eradication (OR 1.052, 95% CI: 1.008–1.097, P = .020). Group B had the lowest cost-benefit analysis results.

Conclusion:
Group B had an acceptable eradication rate, the lowest incidence of adverse effects, and the lowest cost analysis. Eradication is more likely to be successful in patients who do not smoke and in those who are taller.
Correlation between trough levels of infliximab and postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease patients submitted to ileocolonic resections
Authors: Baraúna Fernanda S.B. , Magro Daniela O. , Miranda Eron F. , Marçal Gustavo N. , Nones Rodrigo B. , Kotze Paulo G. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of Infliximab (IFX) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who underwent an ileocolonic resection and to correlate them with the presence or absence of endoscopic disease recurrence.

Methods
An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients from 2 treatment centers in Curitiba-PR, with CD, who underwent ileocaecal resection and used IFX after surgery. Drug serum levels were measured, and colonoscopy was performed 30 days before or after collection. Patients were then divided into two groups: with or without endoscopic recurrence (defined as a Rutgeerts score greater than or equal to 2), and mean serum IFX levels were identified and compared. The primary objective was the correlation between recurrence and the median levels of IFX, performed comparatively between groups.

Results
Of the 21 patients included in the study, 14 had no endoscopic recurrence and 7 had it. There was no difference between groups in terms of baseline patient characteristics, mono or combo therapy treatment, serum albumin, and the time elapsed between collection of serum levels and diagnosis, surgery, and beginning of therapy. Patients with endoscopic recurrence used more biologics previously (P = 0.027). There was no difference between the median values of serum IFX levels between the groups: (4.71 [0.03–14.4]) in patients without recurrence versus (2.18 [0.88–14]) in those with recurrence (P = 0.601).

Conclusion
Low serum IFX levels were not correlated with postoperative endoscopic recurrence. Studies with a larger number of patients are needed to better test the proposed hypothesis.
Prevalence and genotypic diversity of Human papillomavirus infection among male and female sex workers in Thailand
Authors: Supindham Taweewat , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Aurpibul Linda , Sripan Patumrat , Utaipat Utaiwan , Hongjaisee Sayamon , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cancer. Female sex workers (FSW) are known to be at risk for HPV, but little is known about male sex workers (MSW).

Methods
We examined HPV prevalence and associated risk factors in both populations. During 2022, HPV testing using vaginal or penile samples, HIV testing, and interviews were performed among 100 MSW and 100 FSW in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Results
The prevalence of all HPV types was 63.5% (66% in MSW, 61% in FSW), HPV16 prevalence was 14%, HPV52 was 13%, and HPV18 was 4%. There was no difference between MSW and FSW for these subtypes. The prevalence of HPV16 or HPV18 was 17%, and for HPV16, HPV18, or HPV52 it was 26%. HIV-positive participants had higher prevalence of all HPV types (94% vs. 60%, p = 0.004), HPV16 or 18 (39% vs. 15%, p = 0.018), and HPV16, 18, or 52 (50% vs. 23%, p = 0.017).

Conclusion
We demonstrated an equally high HPV prevalence across the sexes. Further studies are needed to determine if this indicates an equal risk for cancer. Increased HPV awareness, screening, and vaccination should be considered, regardless of gender.
Optimal strategies for assessing and managing pain, agitation, and delirium in the critically ill surgical patient: What you need to know
Authors: Evans Susan L. , Olney William J. , Bernard Andrew C. , Gesin Gail 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) are primary drivers of outcome in the ICU, and expertise in managing these entities successfully is crucial to the intensivist's toolbox. In addition, there are unique aspects of surgical patients that impact assessment and management of PAD. In this review, we address the continuous spectrum of assessment, and management of critically ill surgical patients, with a focus on limiting PAD, particularly incorporating mobility as an anchor to ICU liberation. Finally, we touch on the impact of PAD in specific populations, including opioid use disorder, traumatic brain injury, pregnancy, obesity, alcohol withdrawal, and geriatric patients. The goal of the review is to provide rapid access to information regarding PAD and tools to assess and manage these important elements of critical care of surgical patients.
Poor Visual Outcome After First Attack in a Cohort of Patients With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Related Optic Neuritis
Authors: Handzic Armin , Naidu Sumana , Brossard-Barbosa Natalie , Margolin Edward 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON) is typically a highly treatable condition that responds quickly to treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. We reviewed the cohort of patients with MOG-ON to identify patients who had poor visual outcome after the first attack despite rapid initiation of treatment.

Methods:
Records of all patients diagnosed with MOG-ON seen in a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practice were reviewed to identify and describe those with poor visual recovery (final visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in at least one eye) after the first attack despite initiation of treatment within 1 week of symptoms onset.

Results:
Two patients of 36 fulfilled inclusion criteria: both had bilateral severe optic neuritis at presentation, and both were seen within 7 days of symptoms onset and treated immediately with pulse doses of intravenous corticosteroids followed by very-slow oral taper. Plasma exchange (PLEX) was performed 2 weeks after symptoms onset in both patients because of poor response to steroids, followed by monthly intravenous immunoglobulin infusions. Despite the use of all available treatment modalities, final visual outcome was poor in both patients. In both patients, there was enhancement of intracanalicular portion of optic nerve in the worse-seeing eye.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of patients with MOG-ON, 2 (5.6%) had very poor visual outcome after the first attack despite immediate initiation of treatment with pulse doses of corticosteroids and subsequent treatment with PLEX. These cases highlight that despite immediate initiation and escalation of treatment, some patients with MOG-ON can have very poor visual outcomes after the initial attack that may be because of the involvement of the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerves.
Handwritten prescription practices in a public hospital in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Amdany Henry , Kiprop Jedidah W. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Prescription writing error is a common phenomenon in the health sector. Appropriate handwritten prescription practices minimize medical errors during medical drug dispensing.Objectives:This project aimed to identify the extent to which clinicians adhere to handwritten drug prescription best practices and implement evidence-based strategies to improve compliance with handwritten prescription best practices in an outpatient department.Methods:The project was conceptually informed by the JBI Model of Evidence-Based Health care and the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. Baseline and follow-up audit data were collected and analyzed using JBI's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) software. The JBI Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) program was used to identify potential barriers and design intervention strategies. The project was conducted in a public hospital outpatient department in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.Results:There was a 100% improvement in compliance with the number of prescribers who had received education on essential features of a handwritten drug prescription. High compliance was observed in prescriptions that indicated the patient name (99%) and date of prescription (98%) in the follow-up audit. Approximately half of the prescriptions included a diagnosis of the disease in both the baseline and the follow-up audit. However, in the follow-up audit, only 21% of the prescriptions had legible handwriting and 27% prescribed drugs using the generic drug name.Conclusion:Regular audits and dissemination of audit findings through continuous medical education, hospital communication forums, and notices improved compliance with the number of prescriptions that contained the patient identifier and the date of prescription.
Comparing the effectiveness of the NHS Health Check and the Polypill Prevention Programmes in the primary prevention of heart attacks and strokes
Authors: Wald Nicholas J. , Hingorani Aroon D. , Vale Stephen , Bestwick Jonathan P , Morris Joan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the NHS Health Check Programme with the Polypill Prevention Programme in the primary prevention of heart attacks and strokes.DesignUse of published data and methodology to produce flow charts of the two programmes to determine screening performance and heart attacks and strokes prevented.SettingThe UK population.InterventionThe NHS Health Check Programme using a QRisk score on people aged 40-74 to select those eligible for a statin is compared with the Polypill Prevention programme in people aged 50 or more to select people for a combination of a statin and 3 low dose blood pressure lowering agents. In both programmes people had no history of heart attack or stroke.Main outcome measuresIn 1000 people the number of heart attacks and strokes prevented in the two programmes.ResultsAssuming 100% uptake and adherence to the screening protocol, in every 1000 persons, the NHS Health Check Programme would prevent 287 cases of a heart attack or stroke in individuals who would gain on average about 4 years of life without a heart attack or stroke, the precise gain depending on the extent of treatment for those with raised blood pressure, and 136 would be prescribed statins with no benefit. The corresponding figures for the Polypill Prevention Programme are 316 individuals who would, on average, gain 8 years of life without a heart attack or stroke with 260 prescribed the polypill with no benefit. Based on published estimates of uptake and adherence to of the NHS Health Check programme, only 24 cases per 1000 are currently benefitting instead of 287. This result could be achieved in the Polypill Prevention Programme with just 8% (24/316) of the eligible population taking part.ConclusionsThe Polypill Prevention Programme is by design simpler with the potential of preventing many more heart attacks and strokes; even an uptake of 40% would represent a 5-fold greater preventive effect than the NHS Health Check Programme.
Generation of CRISPR-edited birch Plants without DNA integration using Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation Technology
Authors: Sun Shilin , Han Xue , Jin Ruoxuan , Jiao Junbo , Wang Jingwen , Niu Siyuan , Yang Ziyao , Wu Di , Wang Yucheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool in genome editing; however, generation of CRISPR-edited DNA-free plants is still challenging. In this study,Betula platyphylla(birch) was used to build a method to generate CRISPR-edited plant without foreign DNA integration using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (CPDAT method). This technique utilizes transient genetic transformation to introduce T-DNA coding gRNA and Cas9 into birch cells, and T-DNA will express to synthesize gRNA and Cas9 protein, which will form a complex to cleave the target DNA site. The genome may be mutated due to DNA repair, and these mutations will be preserved and accumulated not dependent on whether T-DNA is integrated into the genome or not. After transient transformation, birch plants were cut into explants to induce adventitious buds without antibiotic selection pressure. Each adventitious bud can be considered as an independent potentially CRISPR-edited line for mutation detection. CRISPR-edited birch plants without foreign DNA integration are further selected by screening CRISPR-edited lines without T-DNA integration. Among 65 randomly chosen independent lines, the mutation rate was 80.00% including 40.00% of lines with both alleles mutated. In addition, 5 lines out of 65 studied lines (7.69%) were CRISPR-edited birch plants without DNA integration. In conclusion, this innovative method presents a novel strategy for generating CRISPR-edited birch plants, thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency of generating common CRISPR-edited plants. These findings offer considerable potential to develop plant genome editing techniques further.
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 among persons living with HIV in Zambia: Analysis of three concurrent SARS-CoV-2 prevalence surveys conducted in July 2020 in six districts of Zambia
Authors: Chanda Stephen Longa , Sialubanje Cephas , Nawa Mukumbuta , Sinyange Nyambe , Malambo Warren , Zulu James , Banda Dabwitso , Zulu Paul , Hines Jonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are a unique population because of their altered immune systems and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) that may modify risk of SARS-CoV-2. Evidence from sub-Saharan African countries suggests that, despite not having higher SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence than HIV-negative persons, PLHIV suffer worse COVID-19 outcomes. We assessed the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 infection by HIV status in Zambia in July 2020.We analyzed data from three different concurrent SARS-CoV-2 prevalence surveys (household, outpatient-department, and health-worker) conducted in six districts of Zambia in July 2020. Information on demographics and medical history was collected. Nasopharyngeal swabs were used to screen for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) and blood specimens were screened for SARS-CoV-2 virus-specific antibodies using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA). Test-specific SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was calculated. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to measure test-specific adjusted odd ratios (aORs) of SARS-CoV-2 positivity by HIV status, controlling for demographic and medical history.We analysed the outcomes of the two different tests separately. Among 7,092 participants, 4,717 (66.5%) consented to blood-draw and 4,642 (65.5%) consented to nasopharyngeal swab. Overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 9.4% by PCR and 3.8% by ELISA. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence detected by PCR was higher among PLHIV than HIV-negative respondents (12.4% vs 9.1%, respectively, OR: 1.4, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.0-1.9) and lower by ELISA (1.9% vs 3.9%, respectively, OR: 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2-0.9). Among PLHIV, not being on ART was an independent predictor of SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity (aOR: 5.24,95% CI: 1.19-22.22) but did not have a significant effect on ELISA results.During the first COVID-19 wave in Zambia, PLHIV were more likely to be acutely infected with SARS-CoV-2 but less likely to be seropositive than participants without HIV. Intervention programs could focus on early access to COVID-19 vaccinations, testing and ART might reduce COVID-19 morbidity among PLHIV.
Fin elaboration via anterior-posterior regulation by Hedgehog signaling in teleosts
Authors: Tanaka Yoshitaka , Okayama Shun , Ansai Satoshi , Abe Gembu , Tamura Koji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFins in fishes are appendages that serve to facilitate maneuvering in water. Compared to their ancestral state, teleosts have reduced radial bones in their paired fin skeletons and have acquired elaborated, agile paired fins. We found that mutation ofHedgehog interacting protein(Hhip), encoding an antagonist of Hedgehog signaling, leads to an increase of radial bones in a localized region and replicates the ancestral state. Interestingly, the caudal fin, which has undergone a reduction of skeleton structure in teleosts, as well as the paired fins, exhibit a regional-specific branching of the 2nd hypural inhhip-/-mutant zebrafish. These results imply that Hedgehog signaling is repressed during fin development in teleosts compared to the ancestral state. Molecular genetic analyses show thatshhb, one of theSonic hedgehog(Shh) genes, encoding one of the Hedgehog ligands in teleosts, is expressed during subdivision of endochondral components in paired fin skeletal development, and that mutation ofshhbleads to hypoplasia of the paired fin skeletons. Therefore, we suggest that paired and caudal fins in fishes possess a specific region susceptible to Hedgehog signaling. The reduction of radial bones by repressive regulation of Hedgehog signaling may induce fin elaboration in teleosts.
Harnessing Generative AI to Decode Enzyme Catalysis and Evolution for Enhanced Engineering
Authors: Xie Wen Jun , Warshel Arieh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnzymes, as paramount protein catalysts, occupy a central role in fostering remarkable progress across numerous fields. However, the intricacy of sequence-function relationships continues to obscure our grasp of enzyme behaviors and curtails our capabilities in rational enzyme engineering. Generative artificial intelligence (AI), known for its proficiency in handling intricate data distributions, holds the potential to offer novel perspectives in enzyme research. By applying generative models, we could discern elusive patterns within the vast sequence space and uncover new functional enzyme sequences. This review highlights the recent advancements in employing generative AI for enzyme sequence analysis. We delve into the impact of generative AI in predicting mutation effects on enzyme fitness, activity, and stability, rationalizing the laboratory evolution ofde novoenzymes, decoding protein sequence semantics, and its applications in enzyme engineering. Notably, the prediction of enzyme activity and stability using natural enzyme sequences serves as a vital link, indicating how enzyme catalysis shapes enzyme evolution. Overall, we foresee that the integration of generative AI into enzyme studies will remarkably enhance our knowledge of enzymes and expedite the creation of superior biocatalysts.
GABRDpromotes the progression of breast cancer through CDK1-dependent cell cycle regulation
Authors: Shang Qingyao , Ren Fei , Feng Kexin , Yang Chenxuan , Zhao Shuangtao , Liu Jiaxiang , Kang Xiyu , Yue Jiaxian , Zhang Ruixuan , Meng Xiangzhi , Wang Xiang , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeY-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter that exerts its biological function by binding to GABA receptors, which not only play an important role in neuromodulation, but also involved in regulating the development of tumors. Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (GABRD) encodes the δ subunit of GABAAreceptor, its impact on breast cancer has not been clearly studied. This study is aiming to reveal the relationship betweenGABRDand breast cancer development.MethodsWe performed a tissue microarray to quantifyGABRDexpression levels in tumor tissue and paracarcinoma tissue. The regulation ofGABRDin the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of breast cancer was examined by a loss-of-function study. A GeneChip microarray was used to probe GABRD for potential downstream molecules. The interaction between GABRD and CDK1 was verified by a set of functional tests and rescue experiments as well as coimmunoprecipitation.ResultsGABRDwas expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues and was associated with advanced tumor progression. SilencingGABRDresulted in a significant decrease in proliferation and migration and an increase in apoptosis of breast cancer.GABRDregulated the cell cycle by directly interacting with CDK1, which was identified as an important downstream target.ConclusionGABRDis the breast cancer-related gene and highlights the importance of the GABRD–CDK1 axis in regulating breast cancer proliferation, which provides potential for the development of novel therapeutics.