bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global genetic diversity of planktonic foraminifera reveals the structure of cryptic speciation in plankton
Authors: Morard Raphaël , Darling Kate F. , Weiner Agnes K. M. , Hassenrück Christiane , Vanni Chiara , Cordier Tristan , Henry Nicolas , Greco Mattia , Vollmar Nele M. , Milivojevic Tamara , Rahman Shirin Nurshan , Siccha Michael , Meilland Julie , Jonkers Lukas , Quillévéré Frédéric , Escarguel Gilles , Douady Christophe J. , de Garidel‐Thoron Thibault , de Vargas Colomban , Kucera Michal 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe nature and extent of diversity in the plankton has fascinated scientists for over a century. Initially, the discovery of many new species in the remarkably uniform and unstructured pelagic environment appeared to challenge the concept of ecological niches. Later, it became obvious that only a fraction of plankton diversity had been formally described, because plankton assemblages are dominated by understudied eukaryotic lineages with small size that lack clearly distinguishable morphological features. The high diversity of the plankton has been confirmed by comprehensive metabarcoding surveys, but interpretation of the underlying molecular taxonomies is hindered by insufficient integration of genetic diversity with morphological taxonomy and ecological observations. Here we use planktonic foraminifera as a study model and reveal the full extent of their genetic diversity and investigate geographical and ecological patterns in their distribution. To this end, we assembled a global data set of ~7600 ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from morphologically characterised individual foraminifera, established a robust molecular taxonomic framework for the observed diversity, and used it to query a global metabarcoding data set covering ~1700 samples with ~2.48 billion reads. This allowed us to extract and assign 1 million reads, enabling characterisation of the structure of the genetic diversity of the group across ~1100 oceanic stations worldwide. Our sampling revealed the existence of, at most, 94 distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) at a level of divergence indicative of biological species. The genetic diversity only doubles the number of formally described species identified by morphological features. Furthermore, we observed that the allocation of genetic diversity to morphospecies is uneven. Only 16 morphospecies disguise evolutionarily significant genetic diversity, and the proportion of morphospecies that show genetic diversity increases poleward. Finally, we observe that MOTUs have a narrower geographic distribution than morphospecies and that in some cases the MOTUs belonging to the same morphospecies (cryptic species) have different environmental preferences. Overall, our analysis reveals that even in the light of global genetic sampling, planktonic foraminifera diversity is modest and finite. However, the extent and structure of the cryptic diversity reveals that genetic diversification is decoupled from morphological diversification, hinting at different mechanisms acting at different levels of divergence.
A recent update on huprine and its hybrids as a potential multifunctional agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Singh Yash Pal , Kumar Harish 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age‐related neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the impairment in memory and other cognitive functions. Although there is currently no successful pharmacotherapy for AD, researchers are continuously exploring the various pathogenesis of AD to develop potential therapeutic drugs. Of the multiple hypotheses for AD, the cholinergic and amyloid‐β (Aβ) hypothesis are the main targeting hypothesis for AD. Some researchers proposed that the symptoms involved in AD (loss of memory, cognitive impairment, and amnesia) are the main event linked to the cholinergic neurotransmitter (acetylcholine). Therefore, the development of AChE inhibitors to increase the level of ACh in the synaptic cleft can improve learning and memory in AD patients. Huprine X is a synthetic ChE inhibitor developed by the hybridization of Huperzine A and the synthetic drug tacrine. This review focuses on the last 10 year's literature search on huprine and its analogues for the treatment of AD. We expect that this review can be helpful for medicinal chemists, and neuro‐chemists to provide new ideas for the development of new drugs therapy for AD.
Persistent infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis increases the tumorigenic potential of human immortalised oral epithelial cells through ZFP36 inhibition
Authors: Lu Ze , Cao Ruoyan , Geng Fengxue , Pan Yaping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe association between Porphyromonas gingivalis infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been established by numerous epidemiological studies. However, the underlying mechanism specific to this connection remains unclear. By bioinformatical analysis, we identified ZFP36 as a potentially significant co‐expressed gene in both the OSCC gene database and the persistent infection model of P. gingivalis. To further investigate the role of ZFP36, we established a cell model that human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) that were sustainedly infected by P. gingivalis (MOI = 1) for a duration of 30 weeks. Our findings indicated that sustained infection with P. gingivalis inhibited the expression of ZFP36 protein and induced changes in the biological behaviour of HIOECs. The mechanism investigation demonstrated the potential role of ZFP36 in regulating the cancer‐related biological behaviour of HIOECs. Subsequent studies revealed that highly expressed CCAT1 could serve as a molecular scaffold in the formation of the ZFP36/CCAT1/MK2 complex. This complex formation enhanced the binding abundance of MK2 and ZFP36, thereby promoting the inhibition of ZFP36 protein phosphorylation. To summarize, low expression of ZFP36 protein under persistent P. gingivalis infection enhances the cancer‐related biological behaviour of HIOECs.
Le cadre de raisonnement clinique Bobath: un modèle de science des systèmes pour aborder la complexité des troubles neurodéveloppementaux, y compris la paralysie cérébrale
Authors: Mayston Margaret J. , Saloojee Gillian M. , Foley Sarah E. 
Published: February 2024

RésuméLa pratique Bobath actuelle telle qu'elle est recommandée dans le cadre du Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework (BCRF) se base sur une application clinique de la science des systèmes. Elle offre une perspective holistique des relations entre les variables qui sont associées à l'apparition d'un handicap chez l'enfant. Le BCRF est un cadre de raisonnement clinique qui peut aider à comprendre les relations entre les domaines de la Classification Internationale du Fonctionnement, du Handicap et de la Santé. C'est un système d'observation transdisciplinaire de raisonnement pratique qui vise à proposer un plan d'intervention. Plus généralement, le BCRF permet une compréhension holistique de la complexité des situations associées à des troubles tels que la paralysie cérébrale et indique des choix d'adaptation et de prise en charge tout au long de la vie des personnes vivant avec des troubles neurologiques. Ce raisonnement clinique se base sur les facteurs contextuels importants de l'individu et de son environnement social, principalement la cellule familiale, et sur une compréhension des relations entre le développement typique et atypique, la physiopathologie (sensorimotrice, cognitive, comportementale) et les neurosciences, ainsi que sur l'impact des fonctions et des structures corporelles sur les activités et la participation. Le modèle de la science des systèmes du BCRF permet d'aborder la complexité de la paralysie cérébrale, avec l'objectif global d'optimiser l'expérience vécue par chaque individu dans chaque contexte.
Teaching location planning with the center‐of‐gravity method using real cities and distances
Authors: Riley Jason M. , Sweeney Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFacility placement is of strategic importance to most organizations as a well‐placed distribution center minimizes delivery costs and reduces fulfillment lead times, thus improving customer service levels. Because organizations value the location planning process, this teaching brief offers an exercise that analyzes the planning process using the center‐of‐gravity algorithm, a service area map, and real‐world constraints. The objective of the exercise is to identify two locations within a service area that minimize total network distribution costs. Our exercise is intended to complement standard course content and support instructors developing curricula for undergraduate operations management and supply chain management courses. Student‐based survey results indicate that the assignment enhanced classroom engagement and helped students better understand the complexities of location planning.
Echocardiographic assessment of pediatric heart transplantation: A single‐center experience in China
Authors: Xie Yuji , Sun Wei , Zhu Shuangshuang , Zhang Linyue , Zhang Yanting , Zhang Yiwei , Yang Yun , Wang Lufang , Zhao Yang , Xiao Sushan , Li Yuman , Xie Mingxing , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric heart transplant (HT) has become the standard of care for end‐stage heart failure in children worldwide. Serial echocardiographic evaluations of graft anatomy and function during follow‐up are crucial for post‐HT management. However, evolution of cardiac structure and function after pediatric HT has not been well described, especially during first year post‐HT. This study aimed to characterize the evolution of cardiac structure and function after pediatric HT and investigate the correlation between biventricular function with adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study of echocardiographic data obtained among 99 pediatric HT patients was conducted. Comprehensive echocardiographic examination was performed in all patients at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐months post‐HT. We obtained structural, functional and hemodynamic parameters from both left‐ and right‐side heart, such as left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), etc. The cardiac evolution of pediatric HT patients during first post‐HT year was described and compared between different time points. We also explored the correlation between cardiac function and major adverse transplant events (MATEs).Results1) Evolution of left heart parameters: left atrial length, mitral E velocity, E/A ratio, LVSV and LVEF significantly increased while mitral A velocity significantly decreased over the first year after HT (P < .05). Compared with 1 month after HT, interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) decreased at 3 months but increased afterwards. (2) Evolution of right heart parameters: right ventricular base diameter and mid‐diameter; right ventricular length diameter, tricuspid E velocity, E/A ratio, tricuspid annular velocity e’ at free wall, and RVFAC increased, while tricuspid A velocity decreased over the first year after HT (P < .05). (3) Univariate logistic regression model suggests that biventricular function parameters at 1‐year post‐HT (LVEF, RVFAC, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity) were associated with MATEs.ConclusionGradual improvement of LV and RV function was seen in pediatric HT patients within the first year. Biventricular function parameters associated with MATEs. The results of this study pave way for designing larger and longer follow‐up of this population, potentially aiming at using multiparameter echocardiographic prediction of adverse events.
The relationship between coronary artery calcium and layer‐specific global longitudinal strain in patients with suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Frimodt‐Møller Emilie Katrine , Olsen Flemming Javier , Lassen Mats Christian Højbjerg , Skaarup Kristoffer Grundtvig , Brainin Philip , Bech Jan , Folke Frederik , Fritz‐Hansen Thomas , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeLayer‐specific global longitudinal strain (GLS) may provide important insights in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate the association between layer‐specific GLS and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in patients suspected of CAD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients suspected of CAD who underwent both an echocardiogram and cardiac computed tomography (median 42 days between). Layer‐specific (endocardial‐, whole‐layer‐, and epicardial‐) GLS was measured using speckle tracking echocardiography. We assessed the continuous association between layer‐specific GLS and CACS by negative binomial regression, and the association with high CACS (≥400) using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 496 patients included (mean age 59 years, 56% male), 64 (13%) had a high CACS. Those with high CACS had reduced GLS in all layers compared to those with CACS < 400 (endocardial GLS: −20.5 vs. −22.7%, whole‐layer GLS: −17.7 vs. −19.4%, epicardial GLS: −15.3 vs. −16.9%, p < .001 for all). Negative binomial regression revealed a significant continuous association showing increasing CACS with worsening GLS in all layers, which remained significant after multivariable adjustment including SCORE chart risk factors. All layers of GLS were associated with high CACS in univariable analyses, which was consistent after multivariable adjustment (endocardial GLS: OR = 1.11 (1.03–1.20); whole‐layer GLS: OR = 1.14 (1.04–1.24); epicardial GLS: OR = 1.16 (1.05–1.29), per 1% absolute decrease).ConclusionIn this study population with patients suspected of CAD and normal systolic function, impaired layer‐specific GLS was continuously associated with increasing CACS, and decreasing GLS in all layers were associated with presence of high CACS.
Exploring cardiovascular implications of juvenile dermatomyositis: Insights from aortic stiffness analysis and 3D echocardiography
Authors: Dedeoglu Reyhan , Uluğ Murt Nujin , Gunalp Aybuke , Oztunc Funda , Dedeoglu Savas , Sahin Sezgin , Barut Kenan , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur goal was to use three dimensional (3D) strain analysis to evaluate myocardial function and ascending aorta elasticity changes in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).MethodsBetween 2019 and 2021, 23 JDM patients and 20 healthy volunteers participated. Both groups underwent 2D and 3D strain analysis, assessing aortic stiffness using aortic distensibility, stiffness index, strain, and elastic modulus.ResultsJDM patients had a median age of 13.3 ± 5.2 years, while controls had a median age of 13.8 ± 4.76 years. 3D strain analysis revealed significantly lower global longitudinal (GLS) and circumferential strain (GCS) in JDM patients compared to controls. Specifically, 3D GLS was notably reduced in patients (−28.1% vs. −31%, p = .047) compared to controls, and 3D GCS was also lower in patients (−27.5% vs. −30.5%, p = .019) compared to controls. Aortic strain and elastic modulus were significantly lower in JDM patients, while aortic stiffness index and distensibility showed no significant differences. Correlation analyses within the JDM group revealed a negative correlation between 3D GLS and age at diagnosis (r = −.561, p = .04), as well as a positive correlation between 3D GLS and both aortic strain (r = .514, p = .0001) and elastic modulus (r = .320, p = .03) in JDM patients.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a trend towards lower ejection fraction and strain in patients with JDM, along with increased aortic stiffness using 3D echocardiography. These findings suggest potential cardiovascular involvement in juvenile dermatomyositis, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive cardiac assessments in these patients.
Signatures of selection in Mulinia lateralis underpinning its rapid adaptation to laboratory conditions
Authors: Yang Zujing , Zhao Ang , Teng Mingxuan , Li Moli , Wang Hao , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Zhi , Zeng Qifan , Hu Liping , Hu Jingjie , Bao Zhenmin , Huang Xiaoting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dwarf surf clam, Mulinia lateralis, is considered as a model species for bivalves because of its rapid growth and short generation time. Recently, successful breeding of this species for multiple generations in our laboratory revealed its acquisition of adaptive advantages during artificial breeding. In this study, 310 individuals from five different generations were genotyped with 22,196 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the aim of uncovering the genetic basis of their adaptation to laboratory conditions. Results revealed that M. lateralis consistently maintained high genetic diversity across generations, characterized by high observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.2733–0.2934) and low levels of inbreeding (Fis: −0.0244–0.0261). Population analysis indicated low levels of genetic differentiation among generations of M. lateralis during artificial breeding (Fst <0.05). In total, 316 genomic regions exhibited divergent selection, with 168 regions under positive selection. Furthermore, 227 candidate genes were identified in the positive selection regions, which have functions including growth, stress resistance, and reproduction. Notably, certain selection signatures with significantly higher Fst value were detected in genes associated with male reproduction, such as GAL3ST1, IFT88, and TSSK2, which were significantly upregulated during artificial breeding. This suggests a potential role of sperm‐associated genes in the rapid evolutionary response of M. lateralis to selection in laboratory conditions. Overall, our findings highlight the phenotypic and genetic changes, as well as selection signatures, in M. lateralis during artificial breeding. This contributes to understanding their adaptation to laboratory conditions and underscores the potential for using this species to explore the adaptive evolution of bivalves.
Success rates and factors influencing pregnancy outcome after 464 transvaginal ultrasound‐guided twin reductions in the mare
Authors: Sielhorst Jutta , Baade Sophie , Neudeck Kim‐Carolin , Tönissen Anna , Rohn Karl , Hollinshead Fiona , Sieme Harald 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransvaginal ultrasound‐guided aspiration (TUA) is used for post‐fixation twin reduction in mares. However, there is limited information regarding factors that influence pregnancy outcome after TUA.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of day of gestation on which TUA is performed, aspiration volume, puncture of the conceptus, medication administered before and after TUA, embryo location, mare age and parity and operator experience on pregnancy and foaling rates after TUA.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsData were collected from case records of 464 TUAs performed by 14 operators in 422 mares diagnosed pregnant with dizygotic twins in two different facilities between 2010 and 2019. Pregnancy status was determined by ultrasonography at 5–7 days and 3–4 weeks after the TUA was performed. Subsequent pregnancy and foaling results were obtained by follow‐up communication. The effects of mare, gestation‐ and TUA‐related variables on pregnancy and foaling rates were analysed by the chi‐square‐test for homogeneity and Fisher's exact test and logistic regression.ResultsTUA was performed between 21 and 82 days of gestation in unilaterally (267/359 [74.4%]) and bilaterally fixed (92/359 [25.6%]) twin pregnancies. A singleton pregnancy (218/381 [57.2%]), persistent twin pregnancy (60/381 [15.8%]), or the loss of both conceptuses (103/381 [27%]) was confirmed 5–7 days after TUA was performed. At 3–4 weeks post TUA 50.3% (163/324) of mares were diagnosed with a single viable pregnancy and 40.1% (127/317) went on to deliver a live single foal. TUA performed early in gestation (D 25–35) resulted in the birth of a live singleton foal in 49.3% (74/150) of mares.Main limitationsMissing retrospective data despite extensive follow‐up.ConclusionThis is the first large scale study to demonstrate that acceptable pregnancy and foaling rates can be achieved in mares diagnosed with twins when TUA is performed early in gestation (<40 days).
Effect of printing orientation on mechanical properties of SLA 3D‐printed photopolymer
Authors: Li Yifan , Teng Zhenjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, we conducted tensile and fracture tests on a photopolymer produced with a stereolithography apparatus (SLA), utilizing dog‐bone and semi‐circular bending specimens fabricated in five different orientations. The analysis revealed a direct linear correlation between the tensile strength and printing orientation, highlighting a decrease in tensile strength with an increase in orientation angle. Young's modulus of the printed material remained insensitive to the printing orientation. Conversely, fracture toughness demonstrated a distinct cubic polynomial relationship with the printing orientation. The equivalent material concept in conjunction with the maximum tangential stress criterion was used to predict the fracture behavior of SLA printed polymer. This research sheds light on the significant effect of printing orientation on the mechanical properties of SLA printed materials, offering pivotal insights for optimizing SLA printing across various applications and catalyzing progress in this research field.
Measuring and Testing Multivariate Spatial Autocorrelation in a Weighted Setting: A Kernel Approach
Authors: Bavaud François 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose and illustrate a general framework in which spatial autocorrelation is measured by the Frobenius product of two kernels, a feature kernel and a spatial kernel. The resulting autocorrelation index generalizes Moran's index in the weighted, multivariate setting, where regions, differing in importance, are characterized by multivariate features. Spatial kernels can traditionally be obtained from a matrix of spatial weights, or directly from geographical distances. In the former case, the Markov transition matrix defined by row‐normalized spatial weights must be made compatible with the regional weights, as well as reversible. Equivalently, space is specified by a symmetric exchange matrix containing the joint probabilities to select a pair of regions. Four original weight‐compatible constructions, based upon the binary adjacency matrix, are presented and analyzed. Weighted multidimensional scaling on kernels yields a low‐dimensional visualization of both the feature and the spatial configurations. The expected values of the first four moments of under the null hypothesis of absence of spatial autocorrelation can be exactly computed under a new approach, invariant orthogonal integration, thus permitting to test the significance of beyond the normal approximation, which only involves its expectation and expected variance. Various illustrations are provided, investigating the spatial autocorrelation of political and social features among French departments.