bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Reasoning
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When we talk about “reasoning,” we are never entirely clear about whether we mean to refer to internal mental processes or to public argument and justification. Lawyers argue conflicting points of view. Judges decide disputes and write opinions justifying their decisions in light of the prevailing legal sources (statutes, cases, scholarly commentary). Both engage in internal ratiocination, as well as interactive efforts to persuade others. Both lawyers and judges engage in mental and verbal efforts properly called “legal reasoning.”
Equality Prevails
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The civil rights cases led to eighty years of de facto apartheid in the United States. The legitimation of racial discrimination came in 1898, when the Supreme Court, in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), upheld racially segregated railroad cars as “separate but equal” and therefore consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment. Only after World War II, after blacks and whites fought again side by side (though in separate units), did the country undertake a systematic effort to realize the aims that Justice Harlan thought were imperative in the 1880s.
The Triumph of Equity
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developed over centuries, in response to specific problems, the common law forms of action are multiple and overlapping. Even a system as seemingly unified as the estates in land is hardly a system of logical unity. The estates in land are complicated and do not resolve all interests in property; other rules—for instance, to govern warranty by the owner in sales or leases—were not resolved by the common law until prompted by modernizing statutes in the twentieth century.
Contemporary Property
Authors: Fletcher George P , Sheppard Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is difficult for an outsider to grasp the importance of private property in American legal and political culture. Private property was at the core of the founders’ vision of a new society; it was critical in the Civil War, when a plantation-based, slave-owning South sought to defend its way of life; and it remains a foundation of the American understanding of what makes democracy work. The centrality of private property in the Constitutional structure became evident when the framers redrafted the famous line in the Declaration of Independence that all men “are endowed with certain unalienable rights, among them life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” In the prior draft, the right to pursue happiness had been a right of property. The final language of the latter phrase impressed the drafters of the postwar Japanese Constitution so much that they included it as a way of expressing the new orientation toward individualism in Japanese culture.
Introduction: On Claimed Verse Forms
Authors: Caplan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The challenge to contemporary poetry would seem to be a pair of unhappy alternatives: either to contrive new schemes of empirically meaningful repetition that reflect and—more importantly—transmit the color of contemporary experience; or to recover schemes that have reflected the experience of the past. To do the first would be to imply that contemporary experience has a pattern, a point that most post-Christian thinkers would deny. To do the second would be to suggest that the past can be recaptured, to suggest that the intolerable fractures and dislocations of modern history have not really occurred at all, or, what is worse, to suggest that they may have occurred but that poetry should act as if they have not We yield now to the one demand, now to the other, producing at times a formless and artistically incoherent reflection—accurate in its way—of some civil or social or psychological reality, and at times a shapely and coherent work of art which is necessarily an inexact report on the state of affairs, not to mention the state of language and meaning and coherence, in our time. —Paul Fussell, Poetic Meter and Poetic Formcontemporary metrical verse surprises many learned readers simply by existing. For all the reasons that Fussell summarizes and for a great number more, much of the liveliest recent scholarship concludes that literary and cultural history dooms this poetry to failure, irrelevance, or political and aesthetic conservatism. “[T]he pentameter is a dead form,” Antony Easthope notes, “and its continued use . . . is in the strict sense reactionary.” Many other commentators agree, calling contemporary “neo-formalism” “a dangerous nostalgia,” “the new conservatism in American poetry,” and a Reaganite “return to old values.”
On the Contemporary Ballad
Authors: Caplan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
in 1972 dorothy and x. j. kennedy founded an improbable journal. In a period dominated by free verse, Counter / Measures: A Magazine of Rime, Meter and Song published only poetry that used those unfashionable techniques. A quintessential small magazine, it failed to achieve a wide circulation. (It did receive a remarkable number of submissions: more than 3,700.) After the third and final issue, subscribers with unfulfilled balances received refund checks. For nearly three decades unsold back issues languished in the Kennedys’ garage until the editors finally carted them to the town dump. Short lived and largely forgotten, Counter / Measures remains more than a historical curiosity. It published the early work of many poets who, in the late 1980s, would spearhead the new formalist movement, such as Timothy Steele, Gjertrud Schnackenberg, and Charles Martin. It mixed these new voices with well-established figures of midcentury metrical verse, including Anthony Hecht, J. V. Cunningham, and Richard Wilbur. It did so in a spirit at odds with much discussion of verse technique. “[P]lease believe,” the editors implored, “that in confining this magazine to poetry that embodies meter and/or rime, we have nothing against poetry that doesn’t. We try merely to question the rumor that meter and rime are no more.”
The Gravity of 2001: A Space Odyssey
Authors: Telotte J P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey has provided us with one of the most frequently noted transitions in film history, the match cut that takes viewers from “The Dawn of Man,” as the film’s first sequence is titled, to the year 2001 (figures 3 and 4). That cut matches a bone cast into the air by a shrieking hominid, one of those on which the opening sequence focuses, to a space station, similarly thrust into space by the modern humans who dominate the succeeding sequences. It is a wonderfully ironic piece of editing, suggesting how, for all of our technological advances—advances attested to by the complexity of the space station, the other satellites we glimpse, and the civilized strains of a Strauss waltz that accompany this shift—we have fundamentally progressed very little. We continue to fling our bits of technology into the air, higher and faster, of course, but with a similar sort of exultation, of self-conscious pride, as we strive to overcome one of the fundamental laws that weighs us down, governs human life, and constrains our ambitions: gravity. It is on gravity that this chapter focuses, in part because the film itself, perhaps simply with a desire to be faithful to the scientific laws governing space travel—which are often selectively ignored by earlier science fiction films—frequently reminds us of its operation and emphasizes how in various ways it impinges on us.
How Poets See the World
Authors: Spiegelman Willard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although readers of prose fiction sometimes find descriptive passages superfluous or boring, description itself is often the most important aspect of a poem. This book examines how a variety of contemporary poets use description in their work. Description has been the great burden of poetry. How do poets see the world? How do they look at it? What do they look for? Is description an end in itself, or a means of expressing desire? Ezra Pound demanded that a poem should represent the external world as objectively and directly as possible, and William Butler Yeats, in his introduction to The Oxford Book of Modern Verse (1936), said that he and his generation were rebelling against, inter alia, “irrelevant descriptions of nature” in the work of their predecessors. The poets in this book, however, who are distinct in many ways from one another, all observe the external world of nature or the reflected world of art, and make relevant poems out of their observations. This study deals with the crisp, elegant work of Charles Tomlinson, the swirling baroque poetry of Amy Clampitt, the metaphysical meditations of Charles Wright from a position in his backyard, the weather reports and landscapes of John Ashbery, and the “new way of looking” that Jorie Graham proposes to explore in her increasingly fragmented poems. All of these poets, plus others (Gary Snyder, Theodore Weiss, Irving Feldman, Richard Howard) who are dealt with more briefly, attend to what Wallace Stevens, in a memorable phrase, calls “the way things look each day.” The ordinariness of daily reality is the beginning of the poets’ own idiosyncratic, indeed unique, visions and styles.
Charles wright and “the metaphysics of the quotidian”
Authors: Spiegelman Willard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The creative impulse always arises from an aching inner void, a longing for completion that only art can provide. Thus Wallace Stevens: “And not to have is the beginning of desire” (“Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction”). We speak of expression and fulfillment as equivalent terms even though they are linguistically opposed to each other, one an outpouring and the other an influx. But the first can produce the second and consequently stand in its place: we fulfill ourselves by self-expression. Likewise, the aesthetic and the erotic are at least in part overlapping, and sometimes virtually synonymous. From the story told by Aristophanes in Plato’s Symposium down to Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory, most Western mythographers have based their versions of Eros on some dream of finding, in a sensuous or aesthetic quest, one’s better half, the “partner in your sorrow’s mysteries” (Keats, “Ode on Melancholy”). In Shelley’s neo-Platonic allegory “The Sensitive Plant,” the titular figure “desires what it has notthe Beautiful.” It is no wonder that this central “character” has often been.
“A Space For Boundless Revery” Varities of Ekphrastic Experience
Authors: Spiegelman Willard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To write of painting, or the fine arts in general, in a book about description in poetry, seems so natural as to be obligatory. An author risks thematic redundancy and the practical overexposure of already familiar terrain. Of the central poets in this book, Charles Tomlinson is a sometime painter, and the other four have all written poems about looking at pictures. In addition, the theory and practical criticism of ekphrasis have been expanded recently by the work of James Heffernan, John Hollander, W. J. T. Mitchell, Grant Scott, and others, all of whom build on the earlier pioneering studies of Jean Hagstrom and Murray Krieger.1 For these reasons I have limited myself in this chapter to three experiments or subgenres of ekphrasis that have been more or less scanted by the critics above. First, Recoveries, a book-length dramatic monologue by Theodore Weiss, whose speaker is a figure in a painting; second, Irving Feldman’s title sequence from his 1986 collection All of Us Here, about a show of George Segal plastercast sculptures; and last, a sampling of the very few ekphrastic poems about Abstract Expressionist or nonrepresentational painting made by American poets in the past fifty years. In all three cases, visual art promises what Weiss calls “a space for boundless revery,”2 which has tempted all ekphrastic poets since Homer to dream of, through, or within the confines of a visible or imaginary material depiction. That ekphrasis is generally taken as a “verbal representation of visual representation”3 needs some modification when one contemplates, as Weiss does, at a double remove (he imagines himself into the mouth of a figure within a picture); or as Feldman does by meditating.
Criminal Law Films
Authors: Rafter Nicole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It used to be easy to define law films: They were dramas featuring a heroic, white male lawyer who solved the mystery and settled other dilemmas in the course of a trial. But changes in taste, in attitudes toward law, and in understandings of the nature of law itself have eroded this traditional definition. For better or worse, contemporary audiences have little patience for lengthy courtroom debates and behind-the-scenes glimpses of the lives of virtuous country lawyers. Thus, movies today tend to embed a short trial scene in a longer adventure story that also offers bedroom action and gun battles. Moreover, responding to lawyers’ declining status and to increasing public skepticism about the efficacy of legal systems, contemporary films seldom depict lawyers as heroes on the grand scale or courts as places where fundamental social and moral issues are settled. Finally, scholars have realized that there is a large group of movies, including Rashomon (1950), Do the Right Thing (1989), Falling Down (1993), Eye of God (1997), and Mystic River (2003), that comment on legal issues without referring to lawyers or law, and that these films not only provide information on popular attitudes toward law but themselves constitute legal discourses. One result has been a probing debate among law-and-film scholars over how to define the law film. While as yet inconclusive, this debate has produced a new awareness of the legal subtexts of films long held to be “about” something else.
The Heroes of Crime Films
Authors: Rafter Nicole 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the many reasons for the popularity of crime films, the most potent lies with the nature of their heroes. Viewers delight in watching characters who can escape from tight spots and outsmart their enemies, all the while tossing down scotch and flipping jibes. Good-guy heroes please us by out-tricking the tricky, facing down psychos, solving impossible mysteries. Bad-guy heroes appeal by being bolder, nastier, crueler, and tougher than we dare to be; by saying what they want, taking what they desire, despising weaklings, and breaking the law with impunity. Both good-guy and bad-guy heroes operate on the basis of austere, unambiguous moral codes that are as bracing as they are simplistic and brutal. When Lily, the elegant racetrack swindler of The Grifters (1990), summons a physician to treat her sick son, she advises him, “My son is going to be all right. If not, I’ll have you killed.” We may smile, but we may also envy, if only a little, the unadorned directness of Lily’s approach.
Medicines from Nature
Authors: Newman David J , Kilama John , Bernstein, Aaron , Chivian Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While biodiversity makes possible the ecosystem services that keep us and all over living things on this planet alive, it also provides us with medicines that relieve our physical suffering and treat, and in some cases even cure, our diseases. Even with the advent of modern combinatorial chemistry, which can churn out thousands of synthetic chemicals in the hope that one or a few may have biological activity, pharmaceuticals derived from Nature remain a mainstay of medical practice today, as they have for millennia.
Religion, Healing, and the Body
Authors: Crawford Suzanne J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the center of my scholarship are questions about embodiment: how bodies in movement, in society, in symbol, and in expression, create and are created by religious experience. At the heart of religiosity is a move toward wellness—physical, spiritual, intellectual, social, ecological. Spiritual lives are dominated, overwhelmed at times, by a need for healing. Through enacting ritual, religious practitioners and adherents re-create the world, re-create the self, re-create the body. I would argue that, at the heart of every religious tradition, are practices of healing. Healing and medical traditions within every culture are intensely concentrated arenas in which foundational notions of the sacred and the ultimate (whether explicit or implicit) come into play within lived daily life.
Shanti: Peace for the Mind, Body, and Soul
Authors: Narayanan Vasudha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To study health and healing in the Hindu traditions is to learn about the larger concepts of well-being and happiness in human life. “Well-being” (su asti or svasti, from which the word svastika is derived) is dependent on a harmonious relationship with the earth, the planets, and the stars; appropriate balances between the various elements within the body, family, and society; and a good relationship with the natural world, ancestors, and deities. Imbalances and disharmony are, alas, a part of life—one’s astrological chart may be flawed, one catches viruses, one’s children may not do what one desires. All of these cause a lack of well being—particularly the virus—and the many Hindu traditions have thousands of ways to remedy the situations.
The Anthropology of Experience: The Way to Teach Religion and Healing
Authors: Turner Edith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was clear to William James in 1901 that religious experience was a major force among humankind. But in the century that followed, the discipline of religious studies seemed limited to textual investigation, philosophy, and theology, and little notice was given to religious experience. With a few exceptions this is still the case, and, even with attempts to explain religion psychologically, religious studies seem at a dead end, afraid to say anything about experience.
World Religions and Healing
Authors: Barnes Linda L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What follows is the syllabus for a thematic—or comparative—lecture course, “World Religions and Healing,” which I first taught in 1997 at Harvard University. Since then, I have revised it and offered it through the Religion Department at Boston University, where I serve on the faculty of the School of Medicine. I suggest that composing this kind of course challenges one to think through how, on the one hand, to say enough about the changing constellation of practices associated with a given tradition that students can begin to grasp that tradition’s complexity and internal pluralism. On the other hand, one faces the related challenge of illustrating the dynamics of cross-fertilization and ensuing hybridity (see the discussion in the introduction).
Losing the News
Authors: Jones Alex S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is wrong with the news? To answer this dismaying question, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Alex S. Jones explores how the epochal changes sweeping the media have eroded the core news that has been the essential food supply of our democracy. At a time of dazzling technological innovation, Jones says that what stands to be lost is the fact-based reporting that serves as a watchdog over government, holds the powerful accountable, and gives citizens what they need. In a tumultuous new media era, with cutthroat competition and panic over profits, the commitment of the traditional news media to serious news is fading. Should we lose a critical mass of this news, our democracy will weaken—and possibly even begin to fail. The breathtaking possibilities that the web offers are undeniable, but at what cost? The shattering of the old economic model is taking a toll on journalistic values and standards. Journalistic objectivity and ethics are under assault, as is the bastion of the First Amendment. Pundits and talk show hosts have persuaded Americans that the crisis in news is bias and partisanship. Not so, says Jones. The real crisis is the erosion of the iron core of “accountability” news, a loss that hurts Republicans and Democrats alike. Losing the News is a vivid depiction of the dangers facing fact-based, reported news, but it is also a call to arms. Despite the current crisis, there are many hopeful signs, and Jones closes by looking over the horizon and exploring ways the iron core can be preserved.
Saving the News
Authors: Jones Alex S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The town of Idaho Falls is tucked into the southeast corner of Idaho, an area known for its striking natural beauty, Republican politics, and powerful ties to the Mormon Church, which dominates the region even more than it does Salt Lake City, about 200 miles to the south. The local paper, the Post Register, has been owned for four generations by the Brady family, a clan of Irish Catholic Democrats who have thrived despite being routinely bashed by locals who consider them liberal papists.
In February 2005, the Post Register began publishing a six-part series of articles based on hitherto secret court documents revealing that local Boy Scout officials had ignored repeated warnings about an Idaho Falls scout leader who had eventually been convicted of pedophilia. The first story was an account of 14-year-old Adam Steed, who had been one of the scoutmaster’s numerous victims. It told how this boy and his family had demanded the scoutmaster be stopped, and instead of being praised had been shunned and disparaged.
The Theological Aesthetics of the Dance
Authors: van der Leeuw Gerardus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problem is now to find, using the dance as a point of departure, an entrance to the problem of the relationship between beauty and holiness. Up to now we have been groping about the edge. We must now cry to achieve greater clarity. We can succeed only to a certain degree with the dance. It is the oldest, and to a certain extent the most elementary religious art, but certainly not the most theological. In the case of each arc we shall discuss the relationship with God.
Influences: Harmony
Authors: van der Leeuw Gerardus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We shall here illuminate two more single influences which clarify the contact between religion and dramatic art, The Broadening and Deepening of Life This is brought about through play and, through it, play occasionally becomes capable of giving expression to the holy. By being caught up in a dramatic movement, life is reduced to its simplest form, to its particular content, to its eternal nucleus. While in the context of magic this nucleus was visible to all, so that dramatic representation of life could be truly simple as soon as dramaturgy ceased to be primitive, it had to express the unity of life in terms of the multiplicity of accidents which a life of movement entails.
The Theological Aesthetics of the Word
Authors: van der Leeuw Gerardus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poet and Prophet In a small book which Albert Verwey dedicated to his friendship with Stefan George, there comes clearly to light the conflict which arises as soon as poetry tries to return to its source, the holy word. Verwey, who was more than just a rhetorician, opposed the prophetic tone, the almost hieratic mode of expression, which is found in George’s poetry after The Seventh Ring. George speaks of the transformation of the world, which he introduces with these words: “When he said that, he was all passion, his whole body was movement. What fascinated me in everything he said was the power of his faith. That the world would be transformed, of that he was sure.Yes, I said, but we must be only poets.