bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of IQ in the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample using multiple methods
Authors: McCarthy Frances M. , Sellers Alfred H. , Burns William J. , Smith Glenn , Ivnik R. J. , Malec J. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing the Mayo Older Adult Normative sample (Ivnik et al., 1992) as our database, we developed regression models for estimating premorbid Full Scale (FSIQs), Verbal (VIQs), and Performance (PIQs) IQs for elderly adults. Age, years of education, and sex were the only demographic variables that showed sufficient variability; therefore, they were used as predictor variables in three stepwise procedures. The Mayo Normative FSIQs, VIQs, and PIQs served as the dependent variables. Both education and sex added significantly to the accounting of variance of both FSIQ and VIQ ( p < .001), whereas education ( p < .001) and age ( p < .05) were significant predictors of PIQ. These models produced statistically significant multiple Rs of .54, .58, and .35 ( p < .0001), with standard errors of estimate of 9.02, 8.28, and 10.77 for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively. Estimated FSIQs generated with the present model and the model developed by Barona and colleagues (Barona, Reynolds, & Chastain, 1984) were compared. The correlation between estimated IQs was large, the mean difference between IQs was very small, the standard deviations were nearly equal, and the categorical distributions of the two were similar. Because the Barona model is likely to be familiar to most clinicians, these findings argue in favor of the continued use of the Barona model, even when assessing people older than the WAIS‐R normative sample. Extensions of these models to the WAIS‐III also are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 457–463, 2003.
A preliminary validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory with normal adolescent samples
Authors: Osman Augustine , Gutierrez Peter M. , Jiandani Jason , Kopper Beverly A. , Barrios Francisco X. , Linden Sena C. , Truelove Ronald S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI; Osman, Gutierrez, Kopper, Barrios, & Chiros, 1998) inventory in a sample of high‐school youths. The PANSI is designed as a measure of risk and protective factors related to suicidal behavior. Participants (114 boys and 103 girls) completed the PANSI and other self‐report instruments. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported adequate fit of the 2‐factor oblique model to the sample data. Both factor scales attained adequate levels of reliability. Boys and girls did not differ in their responses to the PANSI scales. The PANSI scale scores were associated with scores from related measures. Logistic‐regression analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the PANSI scale scores to differentiate between the study groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses, using data from the psychiatric suicide risk and high‐school control youths, were used to identify cutoff scores of 1.63 and 3.33 for the PANSI‐negative and PANSI‐positive scales, respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 59: 493–512, 2003.
Study on tooth development, past, present, and future
Authors: Jung Han‐Sung , Hitoshi Yamamoto , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFor decades, the understanding of craniofacial development has been a central issue in odontology and developmental biology. As a consequence, a significant number of deformities are being studied for their variety of genotype and phenotype. Although there is little doubt about the essential roles of homeobox genes, transcription factors, and growth factors, we now know at least the fundamental strategy of craniofacial biology. The tooth as an organ performs a whole range of functions, each of which is truly indispensable for the maintenance of life. The possession of teeth is, therefore, obviously coupled with the complication of the natural structure of an individual organism. In the following, we shall focus on a brief history of tooth studies and some suggestions for obtaining a full understanding of teeth in the future. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:480–482, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preservation of the negative image of tooth enamel with dental impression material enhances morphometric measurements of gingival overgrowth
Authors: Miller Marian L. , Andringa Anastasia , Turner Lloyd T. , Dalton Timothy P. , Derkenne Sandrine , Nebert Daniel W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGingival overgrowth is a common health problem caused by genetic and environmental risk factors. Animal models for quantitative histological studies are needed to uncover genetic predisposition and dose‐response data that might put individuals at increased risk for gingival disease. Gingival height, thickness, inflammation, and the degree of encroachment of gingiva over the tooth, are clinical measures of overgrowth; most of these parameters can be measured histologically, but in order to quantify gingival coverage of the tooth, the image of the crown must be present. Tooth and bone typically require decalcification for histology; thus, the tooth crown, a critical landmark, is lost. We describe a method for imaging the crown histologically, using impression materials applied to dissected mouse mandibles. Four dental alginates, three polyvinyl siloxanes, and one polyether and gelatin were used. The impression‐material/mandibular tissue blocks were processed routinely. Polyvinyl siloxanes were incompatible with embedding resin; alginates, polyether and gelatin could be fixed, decalcified, embedded, and sectioned. Alginates and gelatin could be stained. Success in imaging the tooth crown varied with the preparation, but the alginates, polyether, and gelatin permitted a useful degree of measurement of exposed crown and enamel thickness, along with other morphometric parameters such as thickness of the dentin, lateral mandibular ramus, rete pegs, height of the gingiva, and volume density of vessels and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. In conclusion, this new application for impression materials allows gingival coverage of tooth crown, as well as numerous other parameters to be measured for comparison with clinical data. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:528–536, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capital requirements and bank behaviour: an empirical analysis of Indian public sector banks
Authors: Ghosh Saibal , Nachane D. M. , Narain Aditya , Sahoo Satyananda 
Published: March 2003

AbstractConsequent upon the introduction of prudential norms as an integral part of financial sector reforms, the present paper investigates the relationship between changes in risk and capital in the Indian banking sector. A dynamic, multivariate panel regression model is formulated wherein changes in capital ratio depend on its lagged value, a range of conditioning variables and regulatory dummies. Our analysis reveals that: (i) the regulatory framework needs to be designed to encourage individual banks to maintain higher than stipulated capital levels to reflect their differential risk profiles; and (ii) there is no conclusive evidence of risk aversion among Indian banks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term poverty dynamics in rural Indonesia during the economic crisis
Authors: Suryahadi Asep , Widyanti Wenefrida , Sumarto Sudarno 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring the economic crisis, the poverty rate in Indonesia changed relatively quickly in short periods of time, implying that there were a large number of households which moved in and out of poverty relatively frequently and experienced relatively short periods of poverty. Using panel data of over 10,000 rural households which were visited four times in 14 months, this study finds that changes that took place at the household level were even greater than what were indicated by the aggregate figures. The total number of households which experienced a change in their poverty status have always been found to be substantial and much greater than the change in poverty rate. Hence, looking only at the changes in the total poverty rate could give a misleading impression on the actual poverty dynamics of households. The analysis also indicates that in order to be invulnerable to poverty, households need to have a mean real per capita consumption over time which is substantially higher than the poverty line. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial liberalization, financial development and economic growth in LDCs
Authors: Andersen Thomas Barnebeck , Tarp Finn 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to survey what is actually known about the finance–growth relationship based on theory and empirical work. We point out that traditional theoretical models linking financial development and economic growth do not pay sufficient attention to insights emerging from modern information economics. Markets with asymmetric information are not in general constrained Pareto efficient; and increased banking sector competition, following financial liberalization, will not necessarily induce efficient financial intermediation. Increased competition is likely to erode franchise values, which may, in turn, generate an unstable banking environment where gambling behaviour on the part of the banks is prevalent. Increased competition can also discourage relationship‐banking, and it disturbs what may actually be a constrained efficient mode of contracting in a dynamic setting characterized by asymmetric information. We argue that these problems are further aggravated by the massive task of building an appropriate institutional and regulatory framework designed to effectively curb imprudent bank behaviour. Turning to the empirical evidence, it is shown that the alledged first‐order effect whereby financial development causes growth is not adequately supported by econometric work. The empirical evidence on the finance–growth nexus does not yield any clear‐cut picture. By way of conclusion, we question whether financial development, in the sense of increased formal financial sector intermediation in a deregulated environment can be expected to act as ‘engine of growth’ in the development process; and we argue in favour of a more cautious approach to financial sector reform. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fooling the eye of the beholder: deceptive status signalling among the poor in developing countries
Authors: Van Kempen Luuk 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPoor consumers in the developing world use a variety of status signalling devices that rely on deception of the observer. A frequently used deceptive strategy is the consumption of counterfeit instead of original status‐intensive goods, mainly cheap copies of expensive brand‐name goods from developed countries. The choice for such deceptive modes of conspicuous consumption is analysed within a product characteristics approach as developed by Lancaster and compared with non‐deceptive alternatives. Under the controversial assumption that the poor care about status, it is shown that counterfeit goods embody a more ‘appropriate’ combination of status and functionality than original goods. It appears that the consumption of counterfeits potentially enhances the welfare of low‐income consumers, depending on the extent to which the eye of the relevant beholder is effectively deceived. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NGOs' role in limiting national sovereignty over environmental resources of global significance: the 1990 campaign against the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project
Authors: Thomas Alan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper analyses the NGO campaign against the proposed development of the Okavango Delta in 1990, and the subsequent policy change by the Botswana government. Four explanatory factors are explored: the democratic attributes of the domestic political context; the internationalisation of the issue; the complementary role of different NGOs; and the relative lack of impact on major economic stakeholders. The limitations of the campaign are noted in relation to more recent developments.We conclude that confrontation and collaboration can complement each other. Framing environmental issues as international, mobilising communities and facilitating participation, and providing independent technical expertise, are all important NGO activities. However, whereas in 1990 these were carried out in opposition to government, nowadays they are likely to be undertaken in a co‐operative framework of international agreements. NGOs may thereby gain more political space, but be in danger of co‐option. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations on the histochemistry and ultrastructure of regenerating caudal epidermis of the tuatara Sphenodon punctatus (Sphenodontida, Lepidosauria, Reptilia)
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo , Maderson Paul F.A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStudy of the histology, histochemistry, and fine structure of caudal epidermal regeneration in Sphenodon punctatus through restoration of a scaled form reveals that the processes involved resemble those known in lizards. Following establishment of a wound epithelium (WE), subjacent scale neogenesis involves epidermal downgrowths into the dermis. Although the process is extremely slow, and most new scales do not overlap, their epidermal coverings reestablish epidermal generation (EG) formation. As in lizards, the flat, α‐keratogenic, WE cells contain lipids as revealed by their affinity for Sudan III. A few mucous cells that store large PAS‐positive mucus‐like granules also occur in WE. During differentiation of WE cells, among the bundles of 70‐nm tonofilaments are many lamellar bodies (LBs) and mucous granules (MGs) that discharge their contents into the cytoplasm and extracellular spaces producing a strongly PAS‐positive keratinized tissue. Richness of epidermal lipids coexistent with mucus is a primitive characteristic for amniote vertebrates, probably related to functions as a barrier to cutaneous water loss (CWL). As scale neogenesis begins, beneath the superficial WE appear 3–5 layers of irregularly shaped cells. These contain tonofilament bundles surrounded by small, round keratohyalin‐like granules (KHLGs) and a keratinized matrix with β‐keratin packets and a 3–5‐nm thick keratin granulation. This mixture of α‐ and β‐keratogenic capacities resembles that seen in the innermost cells of a normal tuatara epidermal generation. As in the latter, but in contrast to both normal and regenerating lizard epidermis, no definable shedding complex with interdigitating clear layer and oberhautchen cells occurs (Alibardi and Maderson, 2003). The tortuous boundaries, and merging β‐keratin packets, identify subjacent keratinizing cells as precursors of the typical stratified, squamous β‐layer seen in long‐term regenerated caudal skin wherein the entire vertical sequence of epidermal layers resembles that of normal scales. The sequence of events in caudal epidermal regeneration in S. punctatus resembles that documented for lizards. Observed differences between posttrauma scale neogenesis and scale embryogenesis are responses to functional problems involved in, respectively, restoring, or forming, a barrier to CWL while accommodating rapid somatic growth. J. Morphol. 256:134–145, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do pregnant lizards resorb or abort inviable eggs and embryos? Morphological evidence from an Australian skink, Pseudemoia pagenstecheri
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Weaber Kera K. , Stewart James R. , Thompson Michael B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough pregnant viviparous squamates are sometimes claimed to be able to resorb inviable eggs and embryos from the uterus, definitive evidence for such resorption is not available. After placing pregnant female Pseudemoia pagenstecheri into conditions under which embryonic development is terminated, we periodically harvested the gravid oviducts and examined them histologically. Females contained abnormal and degenerating eggs and embryos that had died in various stages of development. Dead embryos had undergone extensive cytolysis, dissolution, and aseptic necrosis and vitelline masses showed signs of deterioration and passage down the oviduct. The uterine mucosa lay in direct contact with the vitelline material, with no intact shell membrane intervening between them. Yolk was sometimes displaced into the exocoelom and allantoic cavity due to rupture of the extraembryonic membranes. Histological examination revealed no evidence of the uptake of yolk by the uterine epithelium or its accumulation in the subepithelial connective tissue. In many specimens, the uterine epithelium showed minuscule, apical granules. The position, appearance, and staining properties of the granules suggests them to be secretory, a manifestation of placentotrophy. Our observations indicate that P. pagenstecheri females retain dead eggs and embryos for several weeks or longer, yet do not resorb them during that period. This lizard is the second placentotrophic skink species in which resorption has been suspected, but in which abortive eggs appear to be retained or extruded instead of being resorbed by the oviducts. Researchers should not assume that squamates can digest and resorb oviductal eggs without definitive morphological evidence. J. Morphol. 256:219–234, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 can either suppress or enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in CD4‐positive T lymphocytes
Authors: Calistri Arianna , Parolin Cristina , Palù Giorgio 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt was proposed recently that CEM CD4‐positive T cells infected chronically by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) (CEMHSV/HIV) may be used as a model for studying HIV/HSV interactions. To ascertain whether HSV‐HIV coinfection of T lymphocytes has a role in promoting progression of lentiviral infection, T cells infected chronically by either HSV‐1 (CEMHSV) or HIV‐1 (CEMHIV) were challenged with a superinfecting dose of HIV‐1 or HSV‐1. The results show a positive influence on HIV growth when CEMHIV cells were superinfected with HSV‐1 to an extent that was dependent on the multiplicity of superinfection used. In contrast, HIV superinfection of CEMHSV cells resulted in a delay of HIV‐1 production and in a lack of HSV‐mediated LTR transactivation. These effects were due to cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, resulting from persistent HSV‐1 infection. Treatment of CEMHSV with acyclovir inhibited completely the HSV‐1 cytopathic effects and allowed efficient HIV‐1 replication. These data may be relevant in clarifying the role of HIV/HSV interaction in the pathogenesis of AIDS. J. Med. Virol. 70:163–170, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus E2 and NS5A region variability during sequential treatment with two interferon‐α preparations
Authors: Mangoni Emanuele Durante , Forton Daniel M. , Ruggiero Giuseppe , Karayiannis Peter 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo determine the pattern and significance of the HCV genetic heterogeneity before and during treatment with recombinant‐2b or lymphoblastoid α‐interferon, hypervariable region 1 (HVR‐1) and NS5A quasispecies were characterised by cloning and sequencing in 12 HCV‐1b‐infected subjects. Patients were either responder‐relapsers or non‐responders to treatment. Extensive amino acid sequence analysis was applied to reveal the significance of HCV variation at key sites within HVR‐1 and NS5A regions. Genetic complexity, genetic diversity, and the non‐synonymous to synonymous substitution ratios of HVR‐1 quasispecies decreased during treatment in responder‐relapser patients only, and more markedly so following lymphoblastoid α‐interferon. In non‐responders, the HVR‐1 quasispecies broadened. Amino acids G406 and Q409, which represent a major viral epitope, were highly conserved throughout treatment. Responder‐relapser patients had a higher mutation frequency in NS5A than non‐responders. Lymphoblastoid α‐interferon promoted the selection of intermediate Interferon Sensitivity Determining Region (ISDR) sequences, whereas recombinant‐2b α‐interferon favoured maintenance or selection of conserved ISDR sequences. Variability upstream of the ISDR was associated with treatment response, but the amino acid substitutions conferring higher replicative ability to in vitro HCV replicons were absent in in vivo isolates. In conclusion, the pattern of HVR‐1 quasispecies evolution correlates with the clinical response, and the conservation of specific amino acids may be useful for immune targeting in vivo. In responder‐relapser patients, the initial HVR‐1 evolution resembles that found in sustained responders. Variability within the entire NS5A, as opposed to a single region (ISDR), may have a role in influencing α‐interferon treatment outcome. A differential effect of different α‐interferon preparations on HCV quasispecies kinetics may exist. J. Med. Virol. 70:62–73, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis D virus in a unique triple hepatitis viruses (B, C, D) endemic community in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Sheng‐Nan , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Wang Jing‐Houng , Tung Hung‐Da , Wu Jaw‐Ching 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe molecular epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a unique HBV, HCV, and HDV triple virus endemic community in southern Taiwan were investigated. A total of 2,909 residents aged 45 or older were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti‐HCV antibody, and anti‐HDV antibody (specifically for HBsAg‐positive carriers). Factors that might be associated with HDV infection, viral nucleic acid detection, and genotyping of HBV, HCV, and HDV were investigated. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti‐HCV were 12.6% (366/2,909) and 41.6% (1,227/2,909), respectively. For HBsAg carriers, 15.3% (56/366) were positive for anti‐HDV assay. Living in a higher endemic district of HCV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7–6.3), male gender (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1–3.6) and co‐infection with HCV (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0–3.3) were significantly independent factors associated with HDV infection. The detection rate of HDV RNA among anti‐HDV‐positive patients was only 12.7% (7/55). The mean HBV titer of triple infection group was significantly lower than in the HBV/HDV co‐infection group (2.23 vs 3.05 in log10, copies/ml, P = 0.046). HCV RNA detection among the triple infection group showed 47.4% (9/19) viremia rate and viral loads of 579,121 IU/ml in median (16,803–1,551,190 IU/ml). The prevalent genotype of HBV was type B (23/25); HCV was 1b (7/9) and HDV was IIa/IIb (4/4). Only the presence of HCV RNA predicted the presence of elevated ALT significantly (OR = 25.0; 95% CI = 3.39–184.6). In conclusion, the geographical aggregation of HDV infection paralleled that of HCV infection in this community. HCV suppressed the replication of HBV among triple vital infection patients. HBV and HDV lapsed into a remission or nonreplicative phase in most cases, and HCV acted as a dominant factor in triple viral‐infected individuals. Only the presence of HCV RNA was associated with elevated ALT values, but not HBV or HDV. J. Med. Virol. 70:74–80, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.