bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LoHDP: Adaptive local differential privacy for high‐dimensional data publishing
Authors: Shen Guohua , Cai Mengnan , Huang Zhiqiu , Yang Yang , Guo Feifei , Wei Linlin 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe increasing availability of high‐dimensional data collected from numerous users has led to the need for multi‐dimensional data publishing methods that protect individual privacy. In this paper, we investigate the use of local differential privacy for such purposes. Existing solutions calculate pairwise attribute marginals to construct probabilistic graphical models for generating attribute clusters. These models are then used to derive low‐dimensional marginals of these clusters, allowing for an approximation of the distribution of the original dataset and the generation of synthetic datasets. Existing solutions have limitations in computing the marginals of pairwise attributes and multi‐dimensional distribution on attribute clusters, as well as constructing relational dependency graphs that contain large clusters. To address these problems, we propose LoHDP, a high‐dimensional data publishing method composed of adaptive marginal computing and an effective attribute clustering method. The adaptive local marginal calculates anyk‐dimensional marginals required in the algorithm. In particular, methods such as sampling‐based randomized response are used instead of privacy budget splits to perturb user data. The attribute clustering method measures the correlation between pairwise attributes using an effective method, reduces the search space during the construction of the dependency graph using high‐pass filtering technology, and realizes dimensionality reduction by combining sufficient triangulation operation. We demonstrate through extensive experiments on real datasets that our LoHDP method outperforms existing methods in terms of synthetic dataset quality.
Resolving the heterogeneous tumour microenvironment in cardiac myxoma through single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Shen Huayan , Yu Jinxing , Luo Fengming , Li Tianjiao , Li Qi , Yuan Xin , Sun Yang , Zhou Zhou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiac myxoma (CM) is the most common (58%–80%) type of primary cardiac tumours. Currently, there is a need to develop medical therapies, especially for patients not physically suitable for surgeries. However, the mechanisms that shape the tumour microenvironment (TME) in CM remain largely unknown, which impedes the development of targeted therapies. Here, we aimed to dissect the TME in CM at single‐cell and spatial resolution.MethodsWe performed single‐cell transcriptomic sequencing and Visium CytAssist spatial transcriptomic (ST) assays on tumour samples from patients with CM. A comprehensive analysis was performed, including unsupervised clustering, RNA velocity, clonal substructure inference of tumour cells and cell–cell communication.ResultsUnsupervised clustering of 34 759 cells identified 12 clusters, which were assigned to endothelial cells (ECs), mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs), and tumour‐infiltrating immune cells. Myxoma tumour cells were found to encompass two closely related phenotypic states, namely, EC‐like tumour cells (ETCs) and MSC‐like tumour cells (MTCs). According to RNA velocity, our findings suggest that ETCs may be directly differentiated from MTCs. The immune microenvironment of CM was found to contain multiple factors that promote immune suppression and evasion, underscoring the potential of using immunotherapies as a treatment option. Hyperactive signals sent primarily by tumour cells were identified, such as MDK, HGF, chemerin, and GDF15 signalling. Finally, the ST assay uncovered spatial features of the subclusters, proximal cell–cell communication, and clonal evolution of myxoma tumour cells.ConclusionsOur study presents the first comprehensive characterisation of the TME in CM at both single‐cell and spatial resolution. Our study provides novel insight into the differentiation of myxoma tumour cells and advance our understanding of the TME in CM. Given the rarity of cardiac tumours, our study provides invaluable datasets and promotes the development of medical therapies for CM.
Type 1 diabetes: A new vision of the disease based on endotypes
Authors: Weston Craig Sinclair , Boehm Bernhard O. , Pozzilli Paolo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained largely unchanged for the last several years. The management of the disease remains primarily focused on its phenotypical presentation and less on endotypes, namely the specific biological mechanisms behind the development of the disease. Furthermore, the treatment of T1D is essentially universal and indiscriminate—with patients administering insulin at varying dosages and frequencies to maintain adequate glycaemic control. However, it is now well understood that T1D is a heterogeneous disease with many different biological mechanisms (i.e. endotypes) behind its complex pathophysiology. A range of factors, including age of onset, immune system regulation, rate of β‐cell destruction, autoantibodies, body weight, genetics and the exposome are recognised to play a role in the development of the condition. Patients can be classified into distinct diabetic subtypes based on these factors, which can be used to categorise patients into specific endotypes. The classification of patients into endotypes allows for a greater understanding of the natural progression of the disease, giving rise to more accurate and patient‐centred therapies and follow‐up monitoring, specifically for other autoimmune diseases. This review proposes 6 unique endotypes of T1D based on the current literature. The recognition of these endotypes could then be used to direct therapeutic modalities based on patients' individual pathophysiology.
Evaluation of a single Eporatio® micro‐dose in urine and dried blood spots
Authors: Heiland Carmel E. , Lehtihet Mikael , Börjesson Annica , Ekström Lena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been abused as a performance enhancer in sports for several years, but with advancements in detection methods, even micro‐doses can be detected in dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Here, we present the results from an Eporatio® (epoetin theta) micro‐dose administration study to detect rhEPO in DBS samples. Five healthy male volunteers received a 15 IU/kg subcutaneous dose of Eporatio®. Urine and DBS samples (Mitra® VAMS and Capitainer® B50) were collected 1, 10, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after drug administration. After 1 h, all urine samples were negative for rhEPO, whereas 40% of DBS samples were considered suspicious. All samples between 10 and 48 h were suspicious for the presence of Eporatio®, except one urine sample that was negative at 48 h. After 72 h, 40% of urine samples and 60% of DBS samples were suspicious and would have proceeded to a confirmation analysis. DBS is an efficient complementary matrix to urine for detection of rhEPO micro‐doses.
Heart failure outcomes by left ventricular ejection fraction in a contemporary region‐wide patient cohort
Authors: Sundström Johan , Ärnlöv Johan , Karayiannides Stelios , Bodegard Johan , Ersmark Karolina , Gustafsson Stefan , Cars Thomas , Svensson Maria K. , Norhammar Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to characterize a contemporary population with subtypes of incident or prevalent heart failure (HF) based on reduced (HFrEF), mildly reduced, or preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to assess how outcomes, healthcare, treatments, and healthcare costs vary between each subtype of incident HF.Methods and resultsUsing Swedish data from the CardioRenal and Metabolic disease Heart Failure (CaReMe HF) study, updated to cover a more recent time period, this population‐based study characterized patients from Stockholm County, Sweden, with incident HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019) or prevalent HF (patients with a first HF diagnosis before 1 January 2020). Patients with incident HF had LVEF measured by echocardiography within ±90 days of their first HF diagnosis, and patients with prevalent HF within 5 years prior to the index date. The 13 375 patients with prevalent HF (39.2% women, mean age 73.9 years) had multiple comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer). These were already highly prevalent at the time of the first HF diagnosis in the 8042 patients with incident HF (40.5% women, mean age 72.3 years). Patients with incident HFpEF received less specialist HF care at outpatient secondary care facilities following their first HF diagnosis than those with incident HFrEF. Patients with HFrEF had higher risks of complications and exerted a higher burden, in terms of care for and costs of HF, on the healthcare system.ConclusionsThis study of contemporary patients with incident HF demonstrates that those with HFpEF and HFrEF differ considerably in terms of clinical presentation, prognosis, and care, highlighting a potential to improve HF outcomes.
Investigating the relationship between FRailty And Quality of LIfe in patients with heart faiLure and CKD (FRAIL study)
Authors: McNally Thomas , Tumelty Ella , Chung Isaac , Hussain Sabba , Mookerjee Souradip , Ali Mahrukh Ayesha , Anderson Lisa , Rosano Giuseppe , Banerjee Debasish 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or heart failure (HF) are disproportionally affected by frailty, an independent predictor of morbidity. The prevalence of frailty and its impact on quality of life (QoL) in a unique population of patients with both CKD and HF (CKD‐HF) is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between frailty and QoL in patients with CKD‐HF.Methods and resultsPatients were identified from a tertiary care cardiorenal clinic. Eligible patients had CKD‐HF with a stable estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.732. Data were collected from each participant at one point in time using surveys delivered by study personnel between 14 July 2022 and 31 March 2023. Frailty was defined as Modified Frailty Phenotype (MFP) score ≥3. The Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) was used to assess QoL. Demographic data were retrospectively collected from electronic patient records. Demographics and QoL were compared between frail and non‐frail cohorts using Pearson's R and Student's t‐test (two‐tailed, alpha‐priori = 0.05). One hundred five participants consented, and 103 completed the questionnaires in full. Amongst the 103 participants, 49.5% (n = 51) were frail. Frailty was related to sex (P = 0.021) and medication count (P = 0.007), however not to other clinical measures, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.437) and ejection fraction (P = 0.911). Frail patients reported poorer QoL across physical functioning (P < 0.001), general health (P < 0.001), bodily pain (P = 0.004), social functioning (P < 0.001), and energy levels (P < 0.001), however not emotional wellbeing (P = 0.058); 51.5% cited ‘better quality of life’ as their healthcare priority, over longer survival (23.3%) or avoiding hospital admissions (22.3%). This was consistent across frail and non‐frail groups.ConclusionsA large proportion of CKD‐HF patients are frail, regardless of disease severity, and more susceptible to significantly poorer QoL across physical and social domains. Improving QoL is the priority of patients across both frail and non‐frail cohorts, further emphasizing the need for prompt recognition of frailty as well as possible intervention and prevention.
Prognostic models for patients suffering a heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review
Authors: Jia Ying‐Ying , Cui Nian‐Qi , Jia Ting‐Ting , Song Jian‐Ping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to systematically review the development, performance, and applicability of prognostic models developed for predicting poor events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, Wei Pu, and China Biological Medicine were queried from their respective dates of inception to 1 June 2023, to examine multivariate models for prognostic prediction in HFpEF. Both forward and backward citations of all studies were included in our analysis. Two researchers individually used the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to extract data and assess the quality of the models using the Predictive Mode Bias Risk Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Among the 6897 studies screened, 16 studies derived and/or validated a total of 39 prognostic models. The sample size ranges for model development, internal validation, and external validation are 119 to 5988, 152 to 1000, and 30 to 5957, respectively. The most frequently employed modelling technique was Cox proportional hazards regression. Six studies (37.50%) conducted internal validation of models; bootstrap and k‐fold cross‐validation were the commonly used methods for internal validation of models. Ten of these models (25.64%) were validated externally, with reported the c‐statistic in the external validation set ranging from 0.70 to 0.96, while the remaining models await external validation. The MEDIA echo score and I‐PRESERVE‐sudden cardiac death prediction mode have been externally validated using multiple cohorts, and the results consistently show good predictive performance. The most frequently used predictors identified among the models were age, n‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, ejection fraction, albumin, and hospital stay in the last 5 months owing to heart failure. All study predictor domains and outcome domains were at low risk of bias, high or unclear risk of bias of all prognostic models due to underreporting in the area of analysis. All studies did not evaluate the clinical utility of the prognostic models. Predictive models for predicting prognostic outcomes in patients with HFpEF showed good discriminatory ability but their utility and generalization remain uncertain due to the risk of bias, differences in predictors between models, and the lack of clinical application studies. Future studies should improve the methodological quality of model development and conduct external validation of models.
Narrative synthesis of the effectiveness and characteristics of heart failure disease self‐management support programmes
Authors: Koontalay Apinya , Botti Mari , Hutchinson Anastasia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA deeper understanding of the key elements that should be included in heart failure (HF) disease self‐management support (DSMS) programmes is crucial to enhance programme effectiveness and applicability to diverse settings. We investigated the characteristics and effectiveness of DSMS programmes designed to improve survival and decrease acute care readmissions for people with HF and determine the generalizability and applicability of the evidence to low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). A narrative meta‐synthesis approach was used, and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of DSMS programmes were included. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched without language restriction and guided by the adapted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Eight high‐quality systematic reviews were identified representing 250 studies, of which 138 were unique RCTs measuring the outcomes of interest. The findings revealed statistically significant reductions in HF readmissions [relative risk (RR) range 0.64–0.85, P < 0.5, five out of six reviews], all‐cause readmissions (RR range 0.85–0.95, P < 0.5, five out of six reviews), and all‐cause mortality (RR range 0.67–0.87, P < 0.5, five out of five reviews). Overall, 44.2% (n = 61) of RCTs reduced acute care readmission and improved survival. Studies were categorized according to intensity (low, moderate, moderate+, and high) based on the opportunity for immediate treatment of HF instability; 29.2% (14/48) of low‐intensity, 63.6% (21/33) of moderate‐intensity, 40% (6/15) of moderate+‐intensity, and 47.6% (20/42) of high‐intensity interventions were effective. Most effective programmes used moderate‐intensity (39.4%, 48%, or 50%, respectively) or high‐intensity (33.3%, 36%, and 43.7%, respectively) interventions. The majority of studies (90.6%) were conducted in high‐income countries. Programmes that provided opportunities for early recognition and response to HF instability were more likely to reduce acute care readmission and enhance survival. Generalizability and applicability to LMICs are clearly limited. Tailoring HF DSMS programmes to accommodate cultural, resource, and environmental challenges requires careful consideration of intervention intensity, duration of follow‐up, and feasibility in low‐resource settings.
The role of temporal analogies in collective movements
Authors: Coenen Ann‐Cathrin , Jüttemeier Marilena , Obaidi Milan , Power Séamus A. , Kunst Jonas R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough the importance of temporal perspectives for understanding collective movements has been theoretically emphasised, they are rarely considered in research. Focusing on the mass protests against COVID‐19 policies in Germany, we investigated how protesters make use of temporal references in their protest narratives. Results from 11 multi‐site protest observations and 31 interviews showed that participants (a) drew historical perpetrator and victim analogies and imagined a dystopian future, bolstering perceptions of injustice, (b) drew on resistance narratives and imagined the ideal, utopian future society, increasing their perceived efficacy and (c) countered feelings of insignificance by identifying with past heroes. Protesters living in the East of Germany drew comparatively more resistance analogies than those living in the West, who often likened those complying with the COVID‐19 policies to the perpetrators of the past national‐socialist and communist dictatorships. The findings empirically underline the importance of integrating historical–cultural–future perspectives into models of collective action.
Study of active components and mechanisms mediating the hypolipidemic effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides
Authors: Ding Guanwen , Guo Xiao , Li Xiao , An Liping , Shi Huawen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHyperlipidemia is a multifaceted metabolic disease, which is the major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine provides valuable therapeutic strategies in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Inonotus obliquus has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases for a long time. To screen and isolate the fractions of I. obliquus polysaccharides (IOP) that can reduce blood lipid in the hyperlipemia animals and cell models, and investigate its mechanisms. The active component IOP‐A2 was isolated, purified, and identified. In vivo, rats were randomly divided into blank control group (NG), the high‐fat treatment group (MG), lovastatin group (PG), and IOP‐A group. Compared with MG, the hyperlipidemic rats treated with IOP‐A2 had decreased body weight and organ indexes, with the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) significantly decreased (p < .05), and level of serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) significantly increased (p < .05). Hepatocyte steatosis in hepatic lobules was significantly reduced. In vitro, the accumulation of lipid droplets in the model of fatty degeneration of HepG2 cells was significantly alleviated, and cellular TC and TG content was significantly decreased (p < .01). Moreover, the expression of recombinant cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and Liver X Receptor α (LXRα) were up‐regulated (p < .05) both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that IOP‐A2 may exert its hypolipidemic activity by promoting cholesterol metabolism and regulating the expression of the cholesterol metabolism‐related proteins CYP7A1, LXRα, SR‐B1, and ABCA1.
Genome Engineering as a Therapeutic Approach in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gemayel Jack , Chebly Alain , Kourie Hampig , Hanna Colette , Mheidly Kayane , Mhanna Melissa , Karam Farah , Ghoussaini Daniel , Najjar Paula El , Khalil Charbel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer is one of the foremost causes of mortality. The human genome remains stable over time. However, human activities and environmental factors have the power to influence the prevalence of certain types of mutations. This goes to the excessive progress of xenobiotics and industrial development that is expanding the territory for cancers to develop. The mechanisms involved in immune responses against cancer are widely studied. Genome editing has changed the genome‐based immunotherapy process in the human body and has opened a new era for cancer treatment. In this review, recent cancer immunotherapies and the use of genome engineering technology are largely focused on.
Assessment of growth monitoring among children younger than 5 years at early childhood development centres in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
Authors: McLaren Shawn W. , Steenkamp Liana , Ronaasen Jessica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionEarly childhood development (ECD) centres are important community hubs in South Africa and act as sites for community detection of childhood nutrition problems. This study aimed to assess the ability of trained ECD practitioners with optimal support to correctly classify the nutritional status of infants and young children at ECD centres in the Nelson Mandela Bay.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional study was used to collect data from 1645 infants and children at 88 ECD centres. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained fieldworkers and growth monitoring and promotion infrastructure was audited at ECD centres.ResultsOf the sample, 4.4% (n = 72) were underweight by weight for age Z‐score (WAZ < −2) and 0.8% (n = 13) were severely underweight (WAZ < −3). Results showed that 13.1% (n = 214) were stunted by height for age Z‐score (HAZ < −2) and 4.5% (n = 74) were severely stunted (HAZ < −3). The prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition was 1.2% and severe acute malnutrition was 0.5%, while the prevalence of overweight was 9.2% and the prevalence of obesity was 4%. A significant level of agreement between the correct interpretation and the ECD practitioners' interpretation was observed across all the anthropometric indicators investigated. The true positive wasting cases had a mean mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) of 14.6 cm, which may explain the high false negative rate found in terms of children identified with wasting, where ECD practitioners fail to use the weight for height Z‐score (WHZ) interpretation for screening.ConclusionBy using ECD centres as hub to screen for malnutrition, it may contribute to the early identification of failure to thrive among young children. Although it was concerning that trained ECD practitioners are missing some children with an unacceptably high false negative rate, it may have been due to the fact that wasting in older children cannot be identified with MUAC alone and that accurate WFH plotting is needed. Onsite mentorship by governmental health workers may provide ECD practitioners with more confidence to screen children for growth failure based on regular WFH measurements. Moreover, ECD practitioners will be more confident to monitor the Road to Health booklets for missed vaccinations, vitamin A and deworming opportunities.