bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relativistic quantum mechanics of a photon between two electrons in $$1+1$$ dimensions
Authors: Frolov Lawrence , Leigh Samuel , Tahvildar-Zadeh Shadi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A Lorentz-covariant system of wave equations is formulated for a quantum-mechanical three-body system in one space dimension, comprised of one photon and two identical massive spin one-half Dirac particles, which can be thought of as two electrons (or alternatively, two positrons). Manifest covariance is achieved using Dirac’s formalism of multi-time wave functions, i.e., wave functions

$$\Psi ({\textbf {x}}_{\text {ph}},{\textbf {x}}_{\text {e}_1},{\textbf {x}}_{\text {e}_2})$$

Ψ
(

x
ph

,

x

e
1

,

x

e
2

)

where

$${\textbf {x}}_{\text {ph}},{\textbf {x}}_{\text {e}_1},{\textbf {x}}_{\text {e}_2}$$

x
ph

,

x

e
1

,

x

e
2

are generic spacetime events of the photon and two electrons, respectively. Their interaction is implemented via a Lorentz-invariant no-crossing-of-paths boundary condition at the coincidence submanifolds

$$\{{\textbf {x}}_{\text {ph}}={\textbf {x}}_{\text {e}_1}\}$$

{

x
ph

=

x

e
1

}

and

$$\{{\textbf {x}}_{\text {ph}}={\textbf {x}}_{\text {e}_2}\}$$

{

x
ph

=

x

e
2

}

compatible with conservation of probability current. The corresponding initial-boundary value problem is shown to be well-posed, and it is shown that the unique solution can be represented by a convergent infinite sum of Feynman-like diagrams, each one corresponding to the photon bouncing between the two electrons a fixed number of times.
Ecological and environmental determinants of phytochemical variability in forest trees
Authors: Ogwu Matthew Chidozie , Izah Sylvester Chibueze , Joshua Marcella Tari 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phytochemical variability in plants is driven by a complex interplay of ecological and environmental factors, including genetics, climate, and soil characteristics. Understanding these determinants is increasingly important as phytochemicals are vital in mediating plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and their broader ecosystem. Recent research shows the s that both abiotic factors—such as temperature fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation, and nutrient availability—and biotic factors, including herbivory and competition, have significant impacts on phytochemical profiles. Seasonal and spatial variations also influence the concentration of secondary metabolites, which are key to plant defenses and overall ecosystem health. For example, environmental stressors like drought or elevated temperatures can induce higher production of protective phytochemicals, while the developmental stage of the plant and the type of organ (leaf, root, flower) further dictate metabolite expression. This variability holds profound implications for forest conservation and climate resilience. As forests face increasing pressures from climate change, understanding the role of phytochemicals in maintaining ecosystem stability becomes critical. Phytochemicals contribute to plant fitness, species diversity, and ecological interactions, all of which are crucial for the resilience of forest ecosystems. The integration of phytochemical knowledge into forest management can promote biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services, and lead to more sustainable practices in conservation. This paper advocates for interdisciplinary research that connects ecology, chemistry, and conservation biology. Such collaboration is essential to unravel the complex relationships between phytochemical variability and environmental factors, ultimately fostering more informed conservation strategies that can safeguard forest ecosystems in the face of environmental change.
Small and vulnerable during crises? Firm size and financing constraint dynamics
Authors: Heller David , Karapanagiotis Pantelis , Nilsen Øivind A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study analyzes the dynamics of financing constraints under changing economic conditions and the role of firm size in this context. Using administrative data from Germany, we quantify financing constraints expressed as the probability that a firm encounters excess demand or excess supply. On average, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are indeed more likely than larger firms to face excess demand for loans. Using the Great Financial Crisis as an empirical setting, we show that tightening financing conditions do not affect smaller firms disproportionally, but generally risky borrowers. Importantly, post-crisis trends in debt-ratios, profitability, investments, and employment are similar irrespective of firm size, while smaller firms respond to the economic slowdown by persistently building up cash buffers. Our results urge policymakers to consider specific characteristics of bank-dependent firms to assess their exposure to economic crises—instead of focusing on size as vulnerability criteria per se.
Self-determination theory and teachers’ motivations to perform emotional labor and emotion work: qualitative study of narratives about coping with students’ discipline problems
Authors: Tarantul Arina , Berkovich Izhak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This qualitative study investigated teachers’ motivation to perform emotion management (i.e., emotional labor and emotion work) in coping with students’ discipline problems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 Israeli teachers. Findings indicate that teachers experienced emotional distress when confronted with discipline problems. The study also found that teachers mentioned motivation to perform emotional management related to emotional labor and emotion work to manage their negative emotions. Role modeling, professional standards, preservation of status and authority, and effectiveness were the main introjected and external motivations associated with emotional labor; moral compass and authentic emotional discourse were the main integrated and identified motivations associated with emotion work. Reference to emotional labor aspects was more frequently made by secondary school teachers than among primary school teachers. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Field Performance of an Innovative Downpipe Roof Runoff Treatment System: Effect of Roof Material, Stormwater Characteristics, and System Age on Heavy Metals Removal
Authors: Souza de Carvalho Jessika , Bello-Mendoza Ricardo , O’Sullivan Aisling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal roofs are common in urban areas due to their cost-effectiveness and durability, yet stormwater runoff from building roofs is a major contributor of heavy metals to urban waterways. This study investigated the field performance of a downpipe treatment system (DPTS) using waste seashells to remove aluminium, zinc, and copper from roof runoff. First-flush runoff samples were collected before and after treatment during 30 events over 18 months. Results showed that Zn (85–97%) and Cu (59%) in runoff were predominantly dissolved, while Al (71–90%) was mainly particulate. Metal concentrations were largely influenced by the roof material, and weak correlations were observed with climate characteristics. The DPTS effectively removed particulate metals from copper (76 ± 48% Cu, 80 ± 41% Al) and galvanised (75 ± 49% Zn, 74 ± 27% Al) roof runoff. It also removed dissolved metals from Zincalume® (53 ± 32% Zn, 60 ± 30% Al) and Aluminium (96 ± 5% Zn) roof runoff, sustaining performance over 542 days of operation. Metal removal was linked to initial concentrations, partitioning, and metal affinity for the filter media, with precipitation, where metals formed insoluble compounds, and adsorption, where metals bound to the surface of the shells, as potential mechanisms. This study demonstrates that repurposing waste seashells in roof runoff treatment offers a low-cost, scalable and easily retrofittable solution for treating heavy metal pollution at its source, directly supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12), and Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11).

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing students’ dialogic reflection through classroom discourse visualisation
Authors: Wang Pengjin , Chen Fan , Wang Deliang , Chen Gaowei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fostering students’ dialogic reflection in the classroom entails promoting diverse perspectives and collaborative aspects of reflective thinking. However, few studies have developed visualisation tools to create a collaborative environment that fosters dialogic reflection, especially for young learners. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of visualising classroom discourse to enhance students’ dialogic reflection. Two information and communication technology (ICT) teachers and their students (n = 53) from a Hong Kong primary school participated in a 3-month study. After engaging in visualisation-supported dialogic reflection, students’ subject knowledge of ICT improved, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of words spoken by students during lessons. Interviews with the two teachers and eight students underscored the positive impact of visualising classroom discourse, which enabled students to embrace alternative problem-solving approaches and actively engage in both collaborative group work and whole-class discussions. This study illuminates the advantages of employing classroom discourse visualisation as a reflective tool. Beyond mere revisiting, students can view experiences from multiple perspectives and reconstruct their knowledge. Furthermore, this approach fostered accountability for students’ contribution during classroom interactions, ultimately improving their learning outcomes. These findings advocate for the development of evidence-based, dialogic reflective tools specifically designed for young learners to optimise their learning experiences.
Women and Men Gamblers Compared: Differences in Gambling Patterns and the Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Motivation
Authors: Theodorou Marios , Neophytou Klavdia , Artemi Tonia-Flery , Theodorou Christiana , Panayiotou Georgia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Women increasingly participate in gambling and present gambling-related problems. Research has not adequately addressed gender differences in etiology, maintenance, and treatment responses. This study compares women and men gamblers from a community sample (Ν = 1347, 996 male, Meanage = 37.11) throughout the Republic of Cyprus in demographics, gambling patterns, gambling motives, and emotion regulation. Analyses of variance showed that women preferred chance-based gambling more than men and reported greater financial difficulties that may motivate gambling. However, as indicated by regression analyses, for both genders, gambling to cope was the strongest predictor of gambling severity, which in turn was predicted by maladaptive emotion regulation. Moderation models indicated that for men, adaptive emotion regulation moderated the role of gambling motives on gambling severity. Findings suggest that while other gender differences need to be considered in designing targeted interventions, an emphasis on training into adaptive emotion regulation may represent a treatment and prevention target for both genders to reduce gambling to cope with unwanted experiences.
Poverty, Provocation, and Punishment
Authors: Poama Andrei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are cases where we think that poor offenders should not be held criminally responsible or punished to the same extent as non-poor (and, a fortiori, privileged) ones. Despite sharing this judgment, philosophers have offered different accounts of why or how poverty matters for criminal responsibility or penal judgments. In this paper, I present a new account of how poverty matters for criminal responsibility and corresponding penal judgments. The crux of the argument is this: a reasonable person who is trapped in poverty can be (and sometimes is) provoked to offend following reasonable emotional reactions prompted by how that person is treated while in poverty. Call this the provocation view. I discuss how this view applies to some of the cases where poor citizens offend, address some objections against it, and briefly explain why provocation aims to supplement, rather than supplant or subsume other normative accounts which argue that poor offenders are (or should be held) less criminally responsible or be punished more leniently than non-poor ones.
Abdominal hemorrhage and vascular fragility associated with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Sato Haruka , Okada Fumito , Asayama Yoshiki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report a case of recurrent abdominal bleeding associated with vascular fragility in a 67-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed hemorrhagic ascites and a pseudoaneurysm of the sigmoid colon artery, which was suspected to be the source of bleeding. Emergency laparotomy confirmed extremely fragile vessels, requiring repeated surgeries for recurrent bleeding. The patient was diagnosed with NF-1 vasculopathy, a rare vascular complication of this autosomal dominant disorder. NF-1, which affects 1 in 3000–5000 individuals, is associated with reduced life expectancy due to malignancies and vascular diseases, including NF-1 vasculopathy. This condition involves structural vascular abnormalities and increased fragility affecting vessels of all sizes. Recognition of this fragility is critical during invasive procedures, such as interventional radiology or surgery, to reduce the risk of bleeding and ensure optimal management. This case highlights the importance of considering NF-1 vasculopathy in patients with abdominal bleeding and adopting tailored strategies to address its challenges.
End-to-end Identification of Autoregressive with Exogenous Input (ARX) Models Using Neural Networks
Authors: Dong Aoxiang , Starr Andrew , Zhao Yifan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional parametric system identification methods usually rely on apriori knowledge of the targeted system, which may not always be available, especially for complex systems. Although neural networks (NNs) have been increasingly adopted in system identification, most studies have failed to derive interpretable parametric models for further analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) model identification framework using NNs. An order-wise neural network structure is introduced and trained using a multitask learning approach to simultaneously identify both the model terms and coefficients of the ARX model. Through testing with various neural network backbones and training data sizes in different scenarios, we empirically demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively identify an arbitrary stable ARX model with finite simulation training data. This study opens up a new research opportunity for parametric system identification by harnessing the power of deep learning.
Investigation of Betaine and Vaccine Efficacy for Coccidiosis Prevention in Broilers
Authors: Oryasin Asude Gulce , Eren Hasan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the anticoccidial effects of betaine and a vaccine compared to monensin sodium in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

Methods
600 day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to five groups, each with four replicates of 30 birds. While the control group received a basal diet, two experimental groups received basal diet supplemented with either 100 mg/kg monensin sodium or 2.0 g/kg betaine. The remaining experimental groups received a commercial coccidiosis vaccine alone or in combination with betaine. All chickens were challenged with sporulated field-mixed Eimeria species at 20 days of age.

Results
Throughout the study, vaccinated birds showed superior performance in terms of body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to other anticoccidial treatments (P < 0.05), followed by betaine, vaccine + betaine, and monensin treatments in descending order. While all anticoccidial regimens significantly reduced fecal oocyst output only at the beginning of the observation period, this effect diminished thereafter (P < 0.05). Supplementation with monensin and vaccination against coccidiosis significantly decreased small intestine weight compared to untreated controls (P < 0.01), with a numerical decrease observed in chicks fed betaine-supplemented diets and treated with the combination of betaine and vaccine.

Conclusion
Notably, there has been no prior study comparing betaine with monensin sodium and a coccidiosis vaccine. These findings suggest that dietary betaine supplementation and a commercial coccidiosis vaccine containing mixed Eimeria spp. may offer benefits in controlling coccidiosis, presenting viable, cost-effective, sustainable, and safe alternatives to conventional ionophore anticoccidials, with added benefits of no residue and reduced resistance hazards for both animal and human consumption.
Colchicine: A Dual Therapeutic Target for Trichinellosis
Authors: Hamed Enas Fakhry Abdel , Taha Afaf A. , Ghany Shereen M. Abdel , Al-Attar Al-Sayed R. , Fawzy Eman M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Trichinellosis affects around 11 million people globally. Treatments for this medical condition are limited by adverse effects and resistance, emphasising the importance of effective and safe therapies. Consequentially, we sought to study colchicine’s synergistic effects with atorvastatin or acetazolamide in the treatment of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis)-infected mice.

Methods
Seventy mice were evenly divided into two groups (a and b) of 35 each. During the intestinal phase, group (a) began therapy on the second day post-infection (dpi) and lasted four days. Group (b) had treatment for four weeks during the muscle phase, beginning on the 12th dpi. While the other five infected groups received atorvastatin, colchicine, acetazolamide, a combination of acetazolamide and colchicine, or none, one group of infected mice received no treatment at all as a negative control. The efficacy was assessed by parasite count, histopathology and scanning electron microscopy.

Results
Our data revealed that the combination treatment lowered T. spiralis adult worm and larvae counts in infected animals. Moreover, it restored the normal intestinal and muscular architecture, reduced edema, and alleviated inflammation, as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory infiltrate. Scanning electron microscopic examination of adults and larvae verified our findings.

Conclusion
Adjuvant treatment with colchicine as an antifibrotic can help treat muscle trichinellosis by reducing the production of fibrous tissue. This might help to enhance treatment results by enabling the admission of larvicidal medications and, as a result, reducing the number of larvae in the muscle, which together form the basis of pathology and can be debilitating for the patient.
Completeness of uniformly discrete translates in LP(ℝ)
Authors: Lev Nir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct a real sequence {λ

n
}

n=1
∞
satisfying λ

n
= n + o(1), and a Schwartz function f on ℝ, such that for any N the system of translates {f(x − λ

n
)}, n > N, is complete in the space L

p
(ℝ) for every p > 1. The same system is also complete in a wider class of Banach function spaces on ℝ.
Films from Starch Inclusion Complexes with Bioactive Compounds as Food Packaging Material
Authors: Frangopoulos Theofilos , Marinopoulou Anna , Petridis Dimitrios , Rhoades Jonathan , Likotrafiti Eleni , Goulas Athanasios , Fetska Sofiela , Flegka Domna , Mati Evaggelia , Tosounidou Alexandra , Triantafillou Vera , Tsichlakis Konstantinos , Veskou Efrosini , Ylli Seldova , Karageorgiou Vassilis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Natural polymers are an alternative to plastics in food packaging applications due to their biodegradability, and starch is a promising candidate due to its abundance and low cost. Furthermore, amylose has the ability to form inclusion complexes with bioactive compounds, ensuring their stability; nevertheless, this property has not been exploited in food packaging applications. In the present study, films from starch inclusion complexes with bioactive compounds (carvacrol and ascorbic acid) were developed and tested as food packaging material. The formation of starch inclusion complexes resulted in films with enhanced tensile strength, without compromising their flexibility, water vapor permeability, and transparency. Fresh minced meat was packaged in films from starch inclusion complexes with bioactive compounds and refrigerated for 4 days. Films from starch inclusion complexes with ascorbic acid had the highest antioxidant activity, resulting in the most appealing color properties, while films from starch inclusion complexes with carvacrol had the highest antimicrobial activity, resulting in smaller increases in aerobic plate and psychrotrophic count. Consequently, the formation of starch inclusion complexes with bioactive compounds is a promising technology for the development of biodegradable, active food packaging materials.
Identification of Cell Fate Determining Transcription Factors for Generating Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ramezankhani Roya , De Smedt Jonathan , Toprakhisar Burak , van der Veer Bernard K. , Tricot Tine , Vanmarcke Gert , Balaton Bradley , van Grunsven Leo , Vosough Massoud , Chai Yoke Chin , Verfaillie Catherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reliable models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), wherein brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) play a key role in maintenance of barrier function, are essential tools for developing therapeutics and disease modeling. Recent studies explored generating BMEC-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by mimicking brain-microenvironment signals or genetic reprogramming. However, due to the lack of comprehensive transcriptional studies, the exact cellular identity of most of these cells remains poorly defined. In this study we aimed to identify the most likely master transcription factors (TFs) for inducing brain endothelial cell (EC) fate and assess the transcriptomic changes following their introduction into immature ECs. Therefore, we first generated PSC-derived immature ECs by transient overexpression of the TF, ETV2. Subsequently, by performing an extensive meta-analysis of transcriptome studies of brain and non-brain ECs, 12 candidate TFs were identified, which might fate immature ECs towards cells with brain EC features. Following combinatorial overexpression of these 12 TFs tagged with unique barcodes, single cell transcriptomics identified a subset of transduced cells that resembled mid-gestational human brain ECs. Assessment of the TF barcodes present in these cells revealed significant enrichment of the TFs ZIC3, TFAP2C, TFAP2A, and DLX2. These TFs might be useful to fate PSC-EC to BMEC-like cells, which could be incorporated in human in vitro BBB models.

Graphical Abstract