bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Invasive Characteristics of Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. (Arecaceae), an Introduced Palm Species in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramasinghe K.H.P.D.L.  , Chandrathilake G.G.T.  , De Zoysa N.D.  , Rajathewa R.A.M.P.M.  
Published: February 2024

Areca triandra Roxb. Ex Buch-Ham native to the Southeast Asian region has been introduced to many tropical areas including Sri Lanka. Although the common occurrence of A. triandra is noticeable in the southwest region of Sri Lanka, there was no prior study and literature available to investigate the aggressiveness and invasive potential of this species. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the level of invasiveness and risk level of A. triandra in natural areas by (a) assessing the distribution range, (b) identifying the biological strategies for rapid colonization through a population assessment and reproductive biology assessment. An extensive literature survey was conducted to determine the distribution range of A. triandra in Sri Lanka. A population assessment was conducted in Meethirigala Forest Reserve (MFR) and Yagirala Forest Reserve (YFR). Mature A. triandra percentage, crown cover percentage, and reproductive biology assessment were conducted by establishing six 20 m×20 m plots, and A. triandra seedling percentage was evaluated by using twenty-four 1 m×1 m plots by covering different topographic conditions such as mid-slope and valley. To evaluate the invasiveness and risk level, a protocol for the prioritization of invasive species in Sri Lanka developed by the United Nations Development Organization (UNDP) was used. Results show that the common occurrence of A. triandra was noticeable in the southwest region of Sri Lanka. The abundance of mature individuals of A. triandra account for 57% with an average crown cover of 46% and seedlings account for 69% of the ground layer. The species thrives in locations subjected to natural and anthropogenic disturbances and the high crown cover and dominance of seedlings negatively affect the understory by suppressing native vegetation. This palm is clump-forming with 66% of plants with multiple stems. Sexual reproduction produced a large number of fruits; 150-200 fruits per infructescence and an average of 370 fruits per clump. Direct observation showed that the bright red fleshy pericarp of the fruit attracts frugivores, such as the Asian Koel and Green Imperial Pigeon. Protocol criteria evaluation has resulted in A. triandra being under ―Alert‖ status with the risk level of ―Moderate‖ for the invasiveness under natural conditions. Invasive potential with dense populations, clustering stems, high canopy cover, high fruit production, and effective seed dispersal confirms that A. triandra is displacing and threatening the native ecosystems. Immediate actions should be taken to control A. triandra populations for preventing further spread in natural ecosystems.
Keywords: Areca triandra, Arecaceae family, Invasive species, Frugivores, Infructescence
A Critical Appraisal of the International and National Legal Framework on Climate Change
Authors: Samaradiwakara H.S.  
Published: February 2024

The decade starting from 2010-2020 was recorded the warmest decade in the history. The new principles such as Climate litigation, climate justice, climate legislation have been catapulted to the forefront of the environmental litigation and environmental laws. As per the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) the human activities is the substantial cause for increasing of Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which would results in additional warming of the earth‘s surface and the atmosphere and also may adversely affect the natural eco system and human kind. Article 2 of the UNFCCC defines climate change as, a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on the composition, resilience or productivity of natural and managed ecosystems or on the operation of socio-economic systems or on human health and welfare are the effects of climate change. As a matter of fact climate change is the direct result of global warming and the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has escalated the earth‘s temperature level. The Resolution adopted by the General Assembly which includes 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development urges States to take urgent action to combat climate. UNFCC, Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement constitute the international legal regime that deals with climate change. These were the results of entering into international consensus in the aim of reducing the greenhouse emission and thereby to effectively handle the climate change impacts. The objective of the paper is centered on the appraisal of the international and national legal framework that have been enacted to curb the climate change. To this end the research paper employs a qualitative methodology. Conventions, Resolutions adopted by the United Nations, legislations such as National Environment Act, Fauna and Flora Act, Coastal Conservation Act etc , policies and regulations, case laws from foreign jurisdiction are utilized as primary sources and the scholarly articles, journals, peer reviewed articles are utilized as secondary sources. The findings of the paper emphasizes that the synergy between the international and national legislations should be strengthen if the legislature is to find prolific solutions to this complex issue. Finally the paper concludes that it must be taken into consideration that if all States are to combat this unprecedented crisis, no instrument can be ignored.
Keywords: Climate change, Climate litigation, Environment, Global warming, Sustainable development
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles via Camellia sinensis Leaves and their Insecticidal Effects towards the Storage Pest, Sitophilus oryzae. (L.)
Authors: Sandeepani G.D.V.A.  , Perera A.G.W.U.  , Chinthaka S.D.M.  
Published: February 2024

Existing agricultural practices are not enough to satisfy the growing demand for food. Therefore, high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, and pesticides must be used to increase productivity with limited arable land. As the crop yield increases, the incidence of pest attack within field and storage ecosystems rise which leads to increased demand for insecticides. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanomaterials has attracted much researcher interest in recent years due to many advantages over chemically synthesized conventional insecticides. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using the leaf extract of Sri Lankan tea from Camellia sinensis to control a major stored-grain insect pest, the Sitophilus oryzae adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bio-transformed AgNPs were applied at the rates of 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625 g/kg on pesticide-free rice grains, wherein the mortality percentage was assessed after every 24 hours for seven days continuously. The appearance of the signature brown color of the solution indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy results showed a peak of absorbance in the range of 400-460 nm, which is in good agreement with previous records for silver nanoparticles synthesized by green techniques. The average crystallite size determined by subjecting XRD results into Debye-Scherrer equation was found to be 61.9 nm, which was further characterized by the electronmicrography results obtained by SEM, whereby particles were confirmed to be within the nano-range. Results of the toxicity bioassay showed that mortality of S. oryzae adults increased with increasing dosages and time exposed to each dosage, producing 100% mortality at 1.5 g/kg dosage. Hence, it can be concluded that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles can be applied effectively and successfully in a stored grain integrated pest management programs.
Keywords: Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles, Camellia sinensis, Insecticidal, Sitophilus oryzae
Hitting the wall: The impact of barriers to care and cumulative trauma exposure on PTSD among Northern Ireland Veterans
Authors: Spikol Eric , Hitch Catherine , Robinson Martin , McGlinchey Emily , Armour Cherie 
Published: February 2024

LAY SUMMARY The Northern Ireland (NI) population has high rates of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but many barriers prevent people from seeking help/care, which can worsen mental health conditions. For Veterans, these barriers can include a lack of access to or availability of services, a lack of trust in the mental health system, and stigma — negative beliefs about themselves if they were to seek help. Additionally, many UK Armed Forces veterans in Northern Ireland choose not to disclose Veteran status because of security concerns. The Armed Forces Covenant promises available, accessible, and guaranteed care to service members and Veterans, but the covenant is not in place in Northern Ireland, leaving NI Veterans in need without support and relying on charity organizations. This study explored the relationship among trauma exposure, PTSD, and barriers to care among NI Veterans. Analysis showed that an increased number of traumatic event exposures and increased barriers to care predicted a higher amount of PTSD symptoms and distress, meaning the more trauma a Veteran witnessed or experienced and the more barriers preventing them from seeking care, the worse their mental health was likely to be.
Coping strategies for fighting stress in students during studi
Authors: Anikeienko Larysa , Bilokon Viktor 
Published: February 2024

Ambiguity in the understanding of the nature of stress has led to differences in views on its essence. As many years ago, when the world-famous scientist H. Selye founded the theory of stress, there is still no more famous and at the same time more controversial scientific term than "stress" in the scientific literature. Stress is the body's reaction to various physical, emotional and psychological stresses. It can occur in response to situations that we perceive as threatening or anxiety-provoking. Stress can negatively affect human health. It can also affect our emotional state, including depression, anxiety and irritability. Stresses are acute and chronic, accumulating gradually. As you know, even a single super-acute stress, caused by, for example, a tragic event, can cause serious illness and even death. Much more typical, however, is the situation when a person falls ill as a result of simultaneous exposure to several "moderate" stressful events [3]. Students belong to the category of persons subject to the increased influence of stress in a certain period of time in life. The change in living circumstances from the parents' home to the dormitory, the fast and intense pace and rhythm of studies, as well as the session period have their disastrous results.
Therefore, it is important to learn how to effectively manage stress and find ways to relax and rest. This can include physical activity, meditation, deep breathing, socializing with loved ones, or a hobby.
The use of postural balance restoration tools in the complex treatment of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Barladyn O.R. , Vakulenko L.O. , Khrabra S.Z. , Veremchuk O.D. , Nyunya L.O. 
Published: February 2024

Physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires long-term, systematic, individual and step-by-step use of a complex of tools to restore lost motor functions.
All forms of cerebral palsy cause a violation of the body's balance control system, which is manifested by unsteady walking, unexpected falls, swaying, and impaired coordination of movements.
The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with cerebral palsy in the late residual stage by using means of restoring postural balance.
Research methods: analysis of special scientific and methodical literature; analysis of medical histories; assessment of the level of motor disorders (gross motor function classification system (GMFCS); assessment of the degree of change in muscle tone (modified Ashworth scale); assessment of balance function (Berg balance scale); methods of mathematical statistics.
To achieve the goal, an examination of 20 children with cerebral palsy from 6 to 12 years of age with mainly spastic forms of cerebral palsy was carried out. Patients of the main group received standard rehabilitation treatment and classes on the balance beam and in the rehabilitation system "Spider" in combination with therapeutic gymnastics. The control group of patients received the standard rehabilitation treatment used in this rehabilitation facility. The standard rehabilitation program included therapeutic gymnastics, segmental-reflex massage, mechanotherapy.
The impact of means of postural balance restoration in combination with existing methods of physical rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy on coordination and movement disorders was studied.
It has been established that complex therapy with the use of means for restoring postural balance can improve the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, both in the older and younger age groups. According to all the conducted tests, positive dynamics were obtained.
The role of acid-base balance in the training of athletes
Authors: Demyanchuk T. O. , Sotnyk Z. G. , Romanova V. I. 
Published: February 2024

The article raises the importance of studying the biochemistry of sports in the formation of the professional competences of sports coaches, acquiring the knowledge they will need when training athletes, making corrections in the educational and training process. Knowing how to carry out biochemical control in the training of athletes plays an important role. There is acid-alkaline balance, blood pH one of the informative objective indicators. The pH level is a direct indicator of the body's response to exercise. Establishing correlations between pH and biochemical blood parameters makes it possible to balance the educational and training process.
A shift in the body's pH to an acidic side indicates that the athlete is unable to perform physical activities at the proper level. There is a correlation between performance in competitions and an athlete's blood pH. Indicators of the acid-alkaline balance make it possible to adjust the diet, normalize the pH of the body by other means, and, if necessary, eliminate stressful situations.
To alkalize the human body, taking into account the results of research, it is necessary to consume alkaline food, drink a sufficient amount of water, as well as mineralized water, taking into account the performance of physical activities and environmental conditions.
Coaches need to pay more attention to passing biochemical control, in particular, testing the pH of athletes' bodies during the training and competition period. This will make it possible to avoid mistakes when planning the educational and training process, not to harm the health of athletes and more effectively prepare them for competitive activities, as well as to form eating habits of athletes to ensure acid-alkaline balance in the body.
Building program "wellness" for the correction of the figure of women of the first mature age
Authors: Kovalova Nataliya , Ieremenko Nataliia , Kovalev Volodymyr , Sadovskii Olekeksii 
Published: February 2024

This article examines the importance of an approach to health and weight loss through the prism of the concept of Wellness in women. "Wellness" is a global approach to health care, covering physical, emotional and social well-being. The author emphasizes the importance of integrating "Wellness" into everyday life in order to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive approach to maintaining health and achieving weight loss goals.
The article discusses the key components of wellness for women, including physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and psychological well-being. Practical tips and recommendations aimed at creating a healthy lifestyle adapted to the individual needs of women are provided.
The article also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and a positive attitude towards one's body. "Wellness" calls for understanding the unique needs of each woman and creating a harmonious balance between physical and emotional well- being. The article provides practical advice on how to integrate simple exercise and healthy skills into women's busy daily lives.
The following methods were used to achieve the goal: theoretical analysis and data processing, descriptive method, classification, systematization and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics.
The research was carried out at NUFVSU, at the Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, as well as at the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" in Kyiv. Women in the first period of adulthood who work in the fitness studio "GLOW FLY&DANCE" took part in the research. The total number of women is 40.
Considering the effectiveness of a complex of wellness programs in correcting the figure of women in the first period of adulthood, a complex of high-interval training, cosmetology procedures, SPA procedures, as well as general nutritional recommendations was selected.
Prospects for further research. Further research will be aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed program.
Content and structure of the educational discipline "Gymnastics with teaching methods" for the preparation of applicants 017 "Physical culture and sports
Authors: Kravchuk Y. I. , Sotnyk Z. G. , Romanova V. I. 
Published: February 2024

The educational discipline "Gymnastics with teaching methods" is a mandatory component in most educational programs for bachelors in the specialty "Physical Culture and Sports". Its study involves solving the tasks of fundamental professional training of specialists in the field. Future trainer’s master theoretical and practical material, skills of the future profession, learn to properly organize and conduct educational and training sessions.
The article states that gymnastics is one of the basic sports, the basis of the initial training of athletes, the most accessible and popular sport, an effective means of corrective influence.
Highlighted tasks, competencies and learning outcomes; the program of the academic discipline indicating the number of lectures, practical hours and independent work.
Tasks of the training course: familiarization with the history of the development of gymnastics and the methodology of its teaching; mastering the content, forms, methods and means of education by the students; formation of knowledge, abilities and skills in basic gymnastic exercises; formation of knowledge on the methodology of teaching gymnastic exercises, organization and conduct of gymnastics classes.
The content of the working curriculum reflects the features of the educational and professional training program for those seeking higher education, the availability of the appropriate material and technical base and gymnastic equipment; innovative learning technologies; popularization of gymnastics sports. The availability of qualified specialists in gymnastics, a sports base, the demand for conducting sports and health classes in gymnastics according to new formats for the population requires improvement of the content of the training of physical culture and sports specialists.
Characteristics of morphofunctional indicators of athletes-swimmers
Authors: Kruk Mykola , Odnovorchenko Ihor , Kuryllo Tetyana , Tsud Inna , Ostroglyad Andriy , Ishchenko Sergiy 
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the morphofunctional indicators of athletes-swimmers, since the structure of sports activity and its implementation are primarily determined by the morphofunctional characteristics of the athlete's body, therefore the components of the body's functional readiness for such activities are also considered.
Morpho-functional indicators are indicators used to assess the physical development of an athlete, such as parameters of body length and weight, proportions of the development of individual parts of the athlete and the level of development of the functional abilities of the athlete's body, namely, vital capacity of the lungs, muscle strength of the hands, development musculature and muscle tone, posture, musculoskeletal system, development of the subcutaneous fat layer. The level of functional readiness is determined using such functional tests as Rufier, Stange, Genchi, as well as various tests and indices.
They are closely related to physical performance and the level of the athlete's biological condition in a certain period of time. The state of these indicators depends both on the body's natural vital forces and on its body structure.
Highly qualified swimmers, in terms of their anthropometry and morphofunctional indicators, differ significantly not only from representatives of other types of sports and cycling, in particular, but also have differences, according to swimming specialization, that is, according to those distances and those methods of sports swimming in which the athlete competes, and this ultimately affects their swimming performance.
In addition, various aspects of the dynamics of changes in anthropometric and morphofunctional indicators of both young swimmers and adult athletes according to age periods and stages of their training are presented.
Theoretical analysis of the physiological and technical aspects of jumping from a trampoline within the limits of skiing
Authors: Shynkaruk Victor , Sobko Oleksandr 
Published: February 2024

Skiing, and especially ski jumping, is characterized by high intensity and a high level of technical complexity. The presented scientific study is devoted to a detailed analysis of the physiological and technical aspects of ski jumping within the scope of skiing. The main goal of this study is to highlight the features of the functional training of athletes and to analyze the key technical elements that are of decisive importance for the successful performance of this specific discipline.
The article pays considerable attention to the importance of physiological training as a necessary factor for achieving high results in this demanding sport. A detailed overview of the technical aspects that affect the quality and performance of ski jumping is also provided. A deep understanding of the relationship between physiological performance and technical skills in this field can lead to decisive conclusions.
The obtained research results can play a significant role in improving the quality of training programs and training systems for athletes in the field of skiing. This will contribute not only to increasing the efficiency of jumping from the ski jump, but also to ensure an increased level of safety for athletes who are engaged in this exciting discipline.