bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate effects on the timing of Maryland Striped Bass spawning runs
Authors: Giuliano Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
Chesapeake Bay water temperatures have increased through time, and under various climate change scenarios they are projected to increase by an additional 2–6°C by the end of the 21st century. Previous work has shown that water temperatures are the primary trigger for Striped Bass Morone saxatilis spawning.

Methods
Using spawning stock survey data (1985–2020) from the Potomac River and upper Chesapeake Bay and temperature data from an ichthyoplankton survey (sampled non-continuously between 1954 and 2021) in the Nanticoke and Choptank rivers, this study examined how water temperature milestones that are important for Striped Bass spawning have changed over time as well as how selectivity-corrected total female catch per unit effort has shifted with changes in water temperature and the age structure of the stock.

Result
Water temperatures observed in the spawning stock survey were lower in the 1980s and 1990s and have been higher since the 2000s. A significant change in timing of the start of spawning was not detected in the spawning stock survey data, but a significant change was found in the timing of the end of spawning, suggesting that the spawning season has shortened. In addition, the date on which the last prespawn female was observed on the spawning grounds has also occurred earlier in the year since the 2000s. Results from the long-term temperature data collected in the Choptank and Nanticoke rivers only showed a significant change through time for the start of spawning in the Nanticoke River.

Conclusion
While these changes could affect egg and larval Striped Bass survival either through either direct mortality due to water temperature or changes in the timing of zooplankton blooms, the effects of climate change could be mitigated by having a broad range of spawning ages to maximize the chances that larval Striped Bass matching with prey availability.
The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis
Authors: Zhang Wendan , Jiang Honghong , Wu Gaosong , Huang Pengli , Wang Haonan , An Huazhang , Liu Sanhong , Zhang Weidong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSepsis is defined as “a life‐threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection.” At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis‐related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
Efficacy of Hypnosis and Catalepsy Induction in Functional Neurological Disorders
Authors: Tibben Marleen Ieke , van Opdorp Amras , Bialek Wojtek , Schaap Judith , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Merkx Maarten J.M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) experience complex patterns of motor and/or sensory symptoms. Treatment studies of psychological interventions are promising but limited.ObjectivesThe aim of the current pilot study is to investigate the effect of treatment consisting of a combination of hypnosis and catalepsy induction on FND symptom severity.MethodsA within‐subject waiting list‐control design was used with 46 patients diagnosed with FND. The treatment consisted of 10 sessions. The primary outcome measure was FND symptom severity (The Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale; PMDRS). The secondary outcome measures were psychological distress and quality of life.ResultsThe repeated measures (RM) ANOVA for the PMDRS as outcome measure revealed a significant effect for time with a large effect size (η2 = 0.679). Pairwise comparisons indicated that the effect of time in the treatment period was significant for the measure of FND symptom severity, whereas the waiting list period was not. The effect remained stable even at 8 weeks post treatment. As for the additional measurement, general psychological distress and quality of life, no statistically significant differences between individual time points were found.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed that eight sessions of treatment consisting of a combination of hypnosis and catalepsy induction was effective in reducing FND symptom severity. Some explanations and limitations are provided in the paper as well as several avenues of future research.
The new direction of drug development: Degradation of undruggable targets through targeting chimera technology
Authors: Liang Xuewu , Ren Hairu , Han Fengyang , Liang Renwen , Zhao Jiayan , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImbalances in protein and noncoding RNA levels in vivo lead to the occurrence of many diseases. In addition to the use of small molecule inhibitors and agonists to restore these imbalances, recently emerged targeted degradation technologies provide a new direction for disease treatment. Targeted degradation technology directly degrades target proteins or RNA by utilizing the inherent degradation pathways, thereby eliminating the functions of pathogenic proteins (or RNA) to treat diseases. Compared with traditional therapies, targeted degradation technology which avoids the principle of traditional inhibitor occupation drive, has higher efficiency and selectivity, and widely expands the range of drug targets. It is one of the most promising and hottest areas for future drug development. Herein, we systematically introduced the in vivo degradation systems applied to degrader design: ubiquitin–proteasome system, lysosomal degradation system, and RNA degradation system. We summarized the development progress, structural characteristics, and limitations of novel chimeric design technologies based on different degradation systems. In addition, due to the lack of clear ligand‐binding pockets, about 80% of disease‐associated proteins cannot be effectively intervened with through traditional therapies. We deeply elucidated how to use targeted degradation technology to discover and design molecules for representative undruggable targets including transcription factors, small GTPases, and phosphatases. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of targeted degradation technology‐related research advances and a new guidance for the chimeric design of undruggable targets.
Permittivity measurement of fluidics with high‐sensitivity by chandelier form microwave sensor
Authors: Navaei Moein , Rezaei Pejman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, a microwave resonance sensor (MRS) was presented composed of interdigital structure, meander structure, chandelier‐form, and T‐shaped structure. The combination of four structures results in a good electromagnetic field strength at the sensing location. It caused increased sensitivity. Due to the high use of methanol in industry, samples have been selected from this material. The samples used are methanol and water solution and place on location sensing. For measurement was used samples with 80% methanol with a permittivity of 59%–10% methanol with a permittivity of 77. Also, tissue samples including sheep, chicken and fish have been used to measure the proposed sensor. The resonance frequency of the samples changes in the range of 2.14‐1.46 GHz. The sensitivity of the presented MRS is 2.6% and the Q‐factor is 1252.
Identification of corneal and intra‐epidermal axonal swellings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Turhan Semra Akkaya , Karlsson Pall , Ozun Yuksel , Gunes Hande , Surucu Selcuk , Toker Ebru , Isak Baris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIn patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), axonal spheroids in motor axons have been identified in post‐mortem studies. In this study, axonal spheroids and swellings on C‐fibers of ALS patients were investigated using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and skin biopsy, respectively.MethodsThirty‐one ALS patients and 20 healthy subjects were evaluated with CCM to assess corneal nerve‐fiber length (CNFL), ‐fiber density (CNFD), ‐branch density (CNBD), dendritic cell (DC) density, and axonal spheroids originating from C‐fibers (>100 μm2). In addition, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) and axonal swellings (>1.5 μm) were assessed in skin biopsies obtained from the arms and legs of 22 patients and 17 controls.ResultsIn ALS patients, IENFD, CNFD, CNFL, and CNBD were not different from controls. The density of DCs and the number of patients with increased DC density were higher in ALS patients than controls (p = .0005 and p = .008). The number of patients with axonal spheroids was higher than controls (p = .03).DiscussionEvaluation of DCs and axonal bulbs in C‐fibers of ALS patients could provide insights into pathophysiology or potentially serve as biomarkers in ALS.
Electrodiagnostic and ultrasound evaluation of respiratory weakness
Authors: Boon Andrea J. , Litchy William J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhrenic nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and needle electromyography (EMG) can provide important information on the underlying pathophysiology in patients presenting with unexplained shortness of breath, failure to wean from the ventilator, or consideration of phrenic nerve pacemaker implantation. However, these techniques are often technically challenging, require experience, can lack sensitivity and specificity, and, in the case of diaphragm EMG, involve some degree of risk. Diagnostic high‐resolution ultrasound has been introduced in recent years as an adjuvant technique readily available at the bedside that can increase the overall sensitivity and specificity of the neurophysiologic evaluation of respiratory symptoms. Two‐dimensional ultrasound in the zone of apposition can identify atrophy and evaluate contractility of the diaphragm, in addition to localizing a safe zone for needle EMG. M‐mode ultrasound can identify decreased excursion or paradoxical motion of the diaphragm and can increase the reliability of phrenic NCSs. When used in combination, ultrasound, phrenic NCSs and EMG of the diaphragm can differentiate neuropathic, myopathic, and central disorders, and can offer aid in prognosis that is difficult to arrive at solely from clinical examination. This article will review techniques to successfully perform phrenic NCSs, needle EMG of the diaphragm, and ultrasound of the diaphragm. The discussion will include technical pitfalls and clinical pearls as well as future directions and clinical indications.
Activation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Taguchi Akihiko , Okinaka Yuka , Takeda Akiko , Okamoto Takayuki , Boltze Johannes , Claussen Carsten , Gul Sheraz 
Published: November 2023

Highlights
Targeting single mechanisms of physiological (aging) and pathological (neurodegeneration) loss of function in the brain may not be sufficient.
Cell–cell interactions between transplanted adult stem cells and resident cells via gap junctions have the potential to support the aging or diseased brain.
These cell–cell interactions can also increase hippocampal neurogenesis.
This may be a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases that could be applied alongside any established treatments.
Shape‐optimization of extrusion‐dies via parameterized physics‐informed neural networks
Authors: Tillmann Steffen , Hilger Daniel , Hosters Norbert , Elgeti Stefanie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach to efficiently optimize the design of extrusion dies. Extrusion dies, which are relevant to the manufacturing process of plastics profile extrusion, traditionally require time‐consuming iterations between manual testing and die adjustments. As an alternative, numerical optimization can be used to obtain a high quality initial design and thereby reduce the number of adjustments to the actual die. However, numerical optimization can be computationally expensive, so the use of surrogate models can be helpful to improve efficiency. The latter is the goal of this work. Our method uses physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) that directly incorporate a free‐form deformation (FFD) approach to allow for geometric variations. The FFD approach allows for a wide range of domain deformations, while the fully trained PINN ensures fast evaluation of the objective function. Using a two‐dimensional model of an extrusion die for demonstration, we detail the integration of the FFD method into the PINN model and discuss its potential in the three‐dimensional context.
Bleeding phenotype and hemostatic evaluation by thrombin generation in children with Noonan syndrome: A prospective study
Authors: Barg Assaf A. , Yeshayahu Yonatan , Avishai Einat , Budnik Ivan , Cohen Omri , Brutman‐Barazani Tami , Dardik Rima , Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Levy‐Mendelovich Sarina , Livnat Tami , Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Kenet Gili 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the bleeding phenotype and to conduct a comprehensive hemostatic evaluation in individuals with Noonan syndrome (NS), a dominantly inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variants in genes associated with the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.MethodsChildren with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of NS underwent clinical evaluation, routine laboratory tests, platelet function testing, and thrombin generation (TG) assessment.ResultsThe study included 24 children. The most frequently reported bleeding symptoms were easy bruising and epistaxis, while bleeding complications were observed in 15% of surgical procedures. Various hemostatic abnormalities were identified, including platelet dysfunction, von Willebrand disease, and clotting factor deficiencies. Abnormal platelet function was observed in 50% of the patients, and significantly lower TG parameters were found compared to controls. However, no significant correlation was observed between bleeding symptoms and TG results.ConclusionsThe study suggests that the bleeding diathesis in NS is multifactorial, involving both platelet dysfunction and deficiencies of plasma coagulation factors. The potential role of TG assay as an ancillary tool for predicting bleeding tendencies in individuals with NS undergoing surgery warrants further investigation.
Effect of hybrid eco‐friendly reinforcement and their size on mechanical and flame retardant properties of polypropylene composites for technical applications
Authors: Mai Nguyen Tran Thanh , M.N. Prabhakar , Lee Dong‐Woo , Song Jung‐il 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile the potential of natural fiber (NF) composites for various engineering applications is well‐recognized, a deep understanding of the intricate interactions within these composites remains crucial. This study examines the microstructural characteristics of the polymer matrix and evaluates the impact of reinforcement size, with a particular focus on fire sensitivity. Hybrid‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were introduced using a unique tri‐hybrid system. This system combines long flax fibers (LFF) as primary reinforcement, with short basalt fibers (BF) and micro rice husk powder (RHP) as secondary reinforcements. These composites were fabricated using innovative extrusion, compression, and injection molding techniques. This novel fabrication method and strategic hybrid design bridged gaps in the composite structure, leading to significant enhancements in tensile and flexural strength. Improvements of 57.82%, 67.53%, and 60.02% over LFF/PP composites were observed, respectively. On the thermal front, the char residue surged by an impressive 497.51%. Flame properties, notably pHRR and THR, were reduced by 57.25% and 13.28%, respectively. These enhancements are attributed to the lignin in BF and the silica in RHP. The fire safety index further confirmed these improvements, with FGI and FPI increasing by 27.33% and 111.11%, respectively.
Enhancing the mechanical performance of E‐glass fiber epoxy composites using coal‐derived graphene oxide
Authors: Garg Anushka , Basu Soumen , Mehta Rajeev , Mahajan Roop L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, we compare the effect of various precursor‐based graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers on enhancing the mechanical performance of E‐glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composites (EGFPs). GO derived from bituminous coal (BC‐GO) and graphite (Gr‐GO) were dispersed into an epoxy resin matrix. The resulting mixture was combined with E‐glass fiber mats using vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding. Notable improvements (38.9% in flexural strength, 22.9% in tensile strength, and 21.6% in impact strength) were observed in BC‐GO‐reinforced EGFPs at 0.25 phr loading of BC‐GO. The improvements for Gr‐GO‐reinforced EGFPs were 28%, 9.3%, and 6.8%, respectively. XRD analysis of BC‐GO showed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 20.9°. Except for this peak, no other crystalline peaks were observed when BC‐GO was incorporated into EGFPs. FTIR spectra of both composite samples, with or without the nanofiller, were similar due to the spectral peaks overlap. TEM demonstrated the exfoliated morphology of BC‐GO in EGFPs. These findings underscore the potential of BC‐GO as a cost‐effective reinforcement for polymer nanocomposites across various industrial applications, including the development of lightweight and strong materials for aerospace and automotive industries, protective coatings, petroleum, and aerospace production systems.Highlights
BC‐GO demonstrates superior mechanical performance compared to Gr‐GO in EGFPs.
0.25 phr BC‐GO improves 38.9% flexural, 22.9% tensile, and 21.6% impact strengths.
Beyond 0.25 phr, BC‐GO and Gr‐GO showed a decline in mechanical enhancement.
Role of particle size, loading & adhesion to matrix analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and DLS.
Coal‐GO is an attractive alternative nanofiller for EGFPs.
Enhancing interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) composites by the hybrid sizing agent of hydroxyapatite‐reinforced PAEK‐COOH
Authors: Liu Chengde , Mei Pengxin , Cheng Xitong , Liu Cheng , Li Nan , Jian Xigao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImproving the interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber (CF)/polymer composite is an urgent demand to enhance its mechanical properties. A kind of poly(aryl ether ketone) with carboxyl groups (PAEK‐COOH) was newly synthesized. PAEK‐COOH is similar to the thermal properties of PPEK matrix. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was easily dispersed in an NMP solution containing PAEK‐COOH. Different kinds of hybrid sizing agents were obtained for preparing the prepreg through the solution impregnation. The hot‐pressing method was employed to produce the laminated composites. Flexural strength, flexural modulus and interlamellar shear strength (ILSS) of 0HP@CF/PPEK composites were improved by 8.8%, 17.3%, and 14.7%, respectively, in comparison to desized CF/PPEK. The interface bonding between CF and PPEK was improved by the addition of PAEK‐COOH sizing agent. Meanwhile, compared with desized CF/PPEK laminates, flexural strength, flexural modulus and ILSS of 5HP@CF/PPEK composites were enhanced by 63.5%, 87.4%, and 40.9%, respectively. The crack propagation path became dispersed and the stress was effectively absorbed when the sizing agent containing nano‐hydroxyapatite particles. By characterizing and reconstructing the transverse and longitudinal fracture in composite materials, the failure process of the composites under the action of stress was explained, and the interface theories of CF reinforced polymer were further explored.Highlights
A kind of polyaryl ether ketone containing carboxyl functional group (PAEK‐COOH)was newly synthesized.
HAp was distributed in the polymer sizing agent to obtain a HAp/PAEK‐COOH hybrid sizing agent.
The interfacial adhesion of CF/PPEK composite was greatly improved by the hybrid sizing agent.
Effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on structures and properties of heat‐resistant poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide)‐based hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Koo Su‐Hyun , Jee Min Ho , Baik Doo Hyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study is the first attempt to fabricate a heat‐resistant hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane using poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) polymer material, which has rarely been used as conventional polymeric membrane materials. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are incorporated as reinforcing agents. The PMIA polymer synthesized for this study exhibited an inherent viscosity of 1.6 dL/g, confirming its suitability for membrane fabrication, and successful synthesis was verified through Fourier‐transform infrared analysis. To enhance the dispersibility of MWCNTs during dope solution preparation and their interaction with the PMIA matrix, MWCNTs were acid‐treated and surface characteristics of the acid‐treated MWCNTs were confirmed through x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that the introduction of MWCNTs resulted in thicker PMIA hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes with symmetrical finger‐like and sponge‐like pore structures. Interestingly, unlike the typical polymer composite systems containing MWCNTs, which often show a dependence on MWCNT content, the mechanical properties of the PMIA/MWCNT membranes in this study seem to exhibit high variability and are not contingent on the MWCNT content. Additionally, filtration performance studies demonstrated that the introduction of MWCNTs substantially increased water permeability, particularly at 1.0 wt% MWCNT content, resulting in a remarkable 130% enhancement compared to pristine PMIA membrane. Simultaneously, even with a small quantity of MWCNTs, the rejection performance of the PMIA/MWCNT membrane witnessed significant improvement due to the reduction in average pore size, effectively overcoming the commonly observed trade‐off phenomenon. In summary, this study clearly showed the effects and changes on the structure and properties of a heat‐resistant PMIA‐based hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes due to the introduction of MWCNTs.Highlights
Heat‐resistant poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide)‐based hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes
Introduction of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into PMIA membrane as a reinforcing agent
Unique structural changes of PMIA membrane originated from the MWCNTs
Enhanced tensile strength of PMIA/MWCNT membranes
Simultaneous improvement of filtration performance due to MWCNTs