bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fault-tolerant Scheduling Strategy through Proactive and Clustering Techniques for Scientific Workflows in Cloud Computing
Authors: Farhood Suha Mubdir , Khorsand Reihaneh , Hussein Nashwan Jasim , Ramezanpour Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Scientific workflow scheduling allocates many fine computational granularity tasks to the best appropriate cloud resources. The prevalence of failures in cloud computing is augmented by the substantial quantity of servers and components burdened with resource-intensive workloads. In addition, workflow tasks may face a higher failure risk than a job with the single task. To mitigate the likelihood of these potential failures, the workflow scheduling system should exhibit fault tolerance. In this paper, a fault-tolerant scheduling strategy through proactive and clustering techniques for scientific workflows is proposed in cloud computing. First, the problem of task clustering is formulated by combining several short-duration tasks into a single job to minimize scheduling overhead and enhance the runtime performance of workflow executions. Then, an autonomous framework for workflow scheduling is introduced based on the MAPE-K control model with four essential steps: monitoring, analyzing, planning, and executing, all supported by a shared knowledge base. In the monitoring step, clustered jobs and capabilities of available cloud resources are monitored. In the analyzing step, the failure prediction accuracy is increased by applying the group method of data handling (GMDH) neural network before fault /failure occurrence. In the planning step, (1) the reliability of application execution is assured through a re-clustering technique after fault /failure occurrence; (2) a new hybrid multi-objective algorithm is proposed based on MOPSO and adaptive SA, called MOPSO-aSA, to facilitate workflow scheduling in faulty execution environments. Last, according to the experimental results, it can be concluded that the suggested strategy outperforms other approaches in terms of makespan, total cost, energy consumption, and failure rate.
Spontaneous regression of a lumbar juxta-facet cyst - Case Report
Authors: OZDEMIR KAAN TUGBERK , Bozkurt Ismail 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background.
This report examines the rare phenomenon of spontaneous regression of a lumbar perineural cyst. Lumbar perineural cysts, typically associated with nerve root compression, are generally managed surgically. However, instances of non-surgical resolution have been documented.
Case Presentation.
A 54-year-old male presented with lower back and left leg pain, with MRI revealing a perineural cyst at the left L4-L5 level. Choosing conservative management, the patient experienced an unexpected and swift regression of the cyst, confirmed by follow-up MRI.
Conclusions.
This case illustrates the potential for conservative management in lumbar perineural cysts and underscores the importance of individualized patient care. It challenges the traditional surgical preference and advocates for flexible, patient-centered treatment approaches in spinal pathology.
Physiological Dynamism of Various Serum Cardiac Biomarkers in Apparently Healthy Sipli Sheep of Pakistan
Authors: Sharif Madiha , Lashari Mushtaq Hussain , Farooq Umer , Idris Musadiq , Mahmood Aisha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present work is the first record of deducing normal reference intervals (RIs) for various serum cardiac biomarkers namely cardiac troponin I (cTnI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and total protein (TP), and their interrelationship in apparently healthy indigenous Sipli breed of sheep (n = 141) from Pakistan. Apropos to aseptic blood collection and serum extraction, the attributes were deduced using commercially available kits. For the sake of analyses, the studied biomarkers were attributed as independent (Na+, K+, and TP) and dependent (LDH, ALT, AST, cTnI and CK-MB) variables. The RIs were determined through Reference Value Advisor Version 2.1 as per gender and age keeping in view the guidelines provided by American Society of Veterinary Pathology (ASVCP). Results revealed that the RIs for cardiac serum biomarkers included in the present study were generally within the reference range provided for sheep with slight variations which might be attributed to physiological adaptation to harsh desert climate. The Na+ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) predicted AST (adj. r-square = 0.976) and CK-MB (adj. r-square = 0.477). Similarly, K+ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) predicted LDH (adj. r-square = 0.626) and ALT (adj. r-square = 0.897). The TP had highest adjusted r-square of 0.770 with AST however it was statistically non-significant (P ≥ 0.05). The results of the study present a baseline data about these cardiac biomarkers which may be utilized for cardiac assessment of the sheep. It is recommended that the serum cardiac biomarkers ascertained in this study may be studied along with electrophysiology and ultrasonography of sheep heart for confirmed diagnosis/prognosis of cardiomyopathies.
Optimal Transport-Based Graph Kernels for Drug Property Prediction
Authors: Aburidi Mohammed , Marcia Roummel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The development of pharmaceutical agents relies heavily on optimizing their pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological properties, collectively known as ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity). Accurate assessment of these properties during the early stages of drug development is challenging due to resource-intensive experimental evaluation and limited comprehensive data availability. To overcome these obstacles, there has been a growing reliance on computational and predictive tools, leveraging recent advancements in machine learning and graph-based methodologies. This study presents an innovative approach that harnesses the power of optimal transport (OT) theory to construct three graph kernels for predicting drug ADMET properties. This approach involves the use of graph matching to create a similarity matrix, which is subsequently integrated into a predictive model. Through extensive evaluations on 19 distinct ADMET datasets, the potential of this methodology becomes evident. The OT-based graph kernels exhibits exceptional performance, outperforming state-of-the-art graph deep learning models in 9 out of 19 datasets, even surpassing the most impactful Graph Neural Network (GNN) that excels in 4 datasets. Furthermore, they are very competitive in 2 additional datasets. Our proposed novel class of OT-based graph kernels not only demonstrates a high degree of effectiveness and competitiveness but also, in contrast to graph neural networks, offers interpretability, adaptability and generalizability across multiple datasets.
Increasing the number of midwives is necessary but not sufficient: using global data to support the case for investment in both midwife availability and the enabling work environment
Authors: Nove Andrea , Boyce Martin , Neal Sarah , Homer Caroline SE , Lavender Tina , Matthews Zoë , Downe Soo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Most countries are off-track to achieve global maternal and newborn health goals. Global stakeholders agree that investment in midwifery is an important element of the solution. During a global shortage of health workers, strategic decisions must be made about how to configure services to achieve the best possible outcomes with the available resources. This paper aims to prompt policy dialogue and support this decision-making process.
Methods
Using the most recent available data from publicly available global databases for the period 2000–2020, we examined the association between the number of midwives per 10,000 population and: (i) maternal mortality, (ii) neonatal mortality, and (iii) caesarean birth rate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We developed a composite measure of the strength of the midwifery profession, and examined its relationship with maternal mortality.
Results
In LMICs (especially low-income countries), higher availability of midwives is associated with lower maternal and neonatal mortality. In upper-middle-income countries, higher availability of midwives is associated with caesarean birth rates close to 10–15%. However, some countries achieved good outcomes without increasing midwife availability, and some have increased midwife availability and not achieved good outcomes. Similarly, while stronger midwifery service structures are associated with greater reductions in maternal mortality, this is not true in every country.
Conclusions
A complex web of health system factors and social determinants contribute to maternal and newborn health outcomes, but there is enough evidence from this and other studies to indicate that midwives can be a highly cost-effective element of national strategies to improve these outcomes.
Active facilitation of helper dispersal by parents and siblings in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker
Authors: Hagemeyer Natasha , Koenig Walter , Walters Eric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Offspring that delay dispersal in cooperatively breeding species have been hypothesized to gain direct fitness benefits via parental facilitation—being passively tolerated on their natal territory by their parents—thereby enjoying enhanced survival and increased probability of acquiring a breeding position in the population. Here we describe active facilitation in the acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) by parents and siblings assisting the dispersal of helpers in their social group. Helpers in this species compete for reproductive opportunities in “power struggles” that take place when breeders of one sex die or disappear, thereby creating a reproductive vacancy. Individuals compete at power struggles in coalitions of relatives, in which larger coalitions are more likely to be victorious. Based on observations of banded birds, we found that an estimated 26% of individuals competing as part of a winning coalition at a power struggle returned to their home territory at its conclusion, suggesting that they were facilitating the dispersal of kin (generally parents or siblings) that stayed to become breeders on the new territory. In at least one group, parental and sibling facilitation was reciprocated; that is, a bird that was helped at a power struggle by a relative joined that same relative as part of a coalition at a subsequent power struggle. Dispersal facilitation is a novel means by which parents can enhance the direct fitness of offspring or siblings can enhance each other’s inclusive fitness in this highly social species.
Metformin reduces the clonal fitness of Dnmt3aR878H hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by reversing their aberrant metabolic and epigenetic state
Authors: Chan Steven , Hosseini Mohsen , Voisin Veronique , Chegini Ali , Varesi Angelica , Cathelin Severine , Ayyathan Dhanoop Manikoth , Liu Alex , Yang Yitong , Wang Vivian , Maher Abdula , Grignano Eric , Haines Julie , D'Alessandro Angelo , Young Kira , Wu Yiyan , Fiumara Martina , Ferrari Samuele , Naldini Luigi , Gaiti Federico , Pai Shraddha , Schimmer Aaron , Bader Gary , Dick John , Xie Stephanie Z. , Trowbridge Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) arises when a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) acquires a mutation that confers a competitive advantage over wild-type (WT) HSCs, resulting in its clonal expansion. Individuals with CH are at an increased risk of developing hematologic neoplasms and a range of age-related inflammatory illnesses1-3. Therapeutic interventions that suppress the expansion of mutant HSCs have the potential to prevent these CH-related illnesses; however, such interventions have not yet been identified. The most common CH driver mutations are in the DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) gene with arginine 882 (R882) being a mutation hotspot. Here we show that murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) carrying the Dnmt3aR878H/+ mutation, which is equivalent to human DNMT3AR882H/+, have increased mitochondrial respiration compared with WT cells and are dependent on this metabolic reprogramming for their competitive advantage. Importantly, treatment with metformin, an oral anti-diabetic drug with inhibitory activity against complex I in the electron transport chain (ETC), reduced the fitness of Dnmt3aR878H/+ HSCs. Through a multi-omics approach, we discovered that metformin acts by enhancing the methylation potential in Dnmt3aR878H/+ HSPCs and reversing their aberrant DNA CpG methylation and histone H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) profiles. Metformin also reduced the fitness of human DNMT3AR882H HSPCs generated by prime editing. Our findings provide preclinical rationale for investigating metformin as a preventive intervention against illnesses associated with DNMT3AR882 mutation-driven CH in humans.
Microbial Dynamics and Pulmonary Immune Responses in COVID-19 Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Langelier Charles , Spottiswoode Natasha , Tsitsiklis Alexandra , Phan Hoang , Chu Victoria , Devoe Catherine , Love Christina , Ghale Rajani , Bloomstein Joshua , Zha Beth Shoshana , Mourani Peter , Kalantar Katrina , Detweiler Angela , Neff Norma , Carrillo Sidney , Consortium COMET , DeRisi Joseph , Erle David , Hendrickson Carolyn , Kangelaris Kristen , Krummel Matthew , Matthay Michael , Woodruff Prescott , Calfee Carolyn 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Secondary bacterial pneumonia (2°BP) is associated with significant morbidity following respiratory viral infection, yet mechanistically remains incompletely understood. In a prospective cohort of 112 critically ill adults intubated for COVID-19, we comparatively assessed longitudinal airway microbiome dynamics and studied the pulmonary transcriptome of patients who developed 2°BP versus controls who did not. We found that 2°BP was significantly associated with both mortality and corticosteroid treatment. The pulmonary microbiome in 2°BP was characterized by increased bacterial RNA load, dominance of culture-confirmed pathogens, and lower alpha diversity. Bacterial pathogens were detectable days prior to 2°BP clinical diagnosis, and in most cases were also present in nasal swabs. Pathogen antimicrobial resistance genes were also detectable in both the lower airway and nasal samples, and in some cases were identified prior to 2°BP clinical diagnosis. Assessment of the pulmonary transcriptome revealed suppressed TNFa signaling via NF-kB in patients who developed 2°BP, and a sub-analysis suggested that this finding was mediated by corticosteroid treatment. Within the 2°BP group, we observed a striking inverse correlation between innate and adaptive immune gene expression and bacterial RNA load. Together, our findings provide fresh insights into the microbial dynamics and host immune features of COVID-19-associated 2°BP.
Mast cell degranulation producing tryptase, 5-hydroxy and histamine as a mechanism for differences in acupoint sensitization
Authors: Yang Jiayi , Wang Zidong , Zhao Jun , Jiang Jing , Tian Huiling , Liu Yizhi , Cao Zu mao , Li Zhigang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As stimulation points in acupuncture,acupoints have unique local pathological characteristics. Acupoint sensitization is the transformation of an acupoint from a ‘silent state’ to an‘activ ated state’ and the specificity of sensitization is important for disease investigation, and its dynamics vary significantly with the degree of sensitization.The mechanism of action of l ocal acupoints on the skin needs to be further clarified to provide reference value for sub sequent acupuncture treatment.To explore the degree of acupoint sensitization relatedto the and the underlying mechanism of local content of small biomolecules, mainly mastcells.We established a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model by intra-articular injection of sodiumiodoac etate (MIA) into the left knee of rats.The distal points of the extremities (Left Tianjing,Ri ght Tianjing,Left Heding,Right Heding)were selected for the study.The mechanical pain thre shold at local acupoints was detected by Electric Von Frey, and the aggregation andthreshi ng status of mast cells(MCs) were detected by toluidine blue staining.The MCs aggregatio n and degranulation status of each group were detected by toluidine blue staining;the chan ges in the content of trypsin, 5-HT and HA indexes at different activation points weredete cted by immunofluorescence double-labeling method.It showed that the content of trypsin, 5-HT and HA at different activated acupuncture points varied more than the resting state of the local acupuncture points, with the right Tianjing acupoint having a higher content t han the other points, indicating that the number of MCs and the content of trypsin, 5-HT and HA produced by degranulation may be one of the cellular mechanisms occurring dur ing acupuncture point sensitization. The pain thresholds of different acupoints were signific antly different, and the sensitization degree was in the order of right Tianjing acupoint（SJ 10）>right Heding acupoint（EX-LE2）>left Heding acupoint（EX-LE2）>left Tianjing acu point（SJ10）.It indicated that the sensitization differences clarify the degrees of variationw ith the differences in point selection,which helped to broaden the understanding ofthe char acteristics of local points and explore the basic pathology of localpoints and provided som e theoretical basis for clinical intervention selection.
Design of LABVIEW-based UAV Online Monitoring and Security Situation Assessment System
Authors: Shi Zhuoyong , Zhang Jiandong , Shi Guoqing , Ji Longmeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we design a LabVIEW-based UAV online monitoring and safety situation assessment system to address the deficiencies in the monitoring of UAV flight state parameters and safety situation assessment. The system includes a lower computer recorded by the UAV and an upper computer on the ground. The lower computer collects and detects the flight data and connects to the upper computer through the serial port via the wireless digital transmission module, and the upper computer receives the data and carries out the monitoring of the UAV and the estimation of the safety situation. The lower unit of the system adopts multi-sensors to collect UAV navigation information in real time to achieve flight detection, and the upper unit adopts LabVIEW to design UAV online monitoring and safety situation estimation system to achieve monitoring and safety situation estimation during UAV navigation. The test results show that the system is able to detect and comprehensively display the navigation information of the UAV in real time and realize the safety situation assessment and alarm function of the UAV, which can realize the functions of online monitoring and safety situation assessment during the navigation process of the UAV.
Absolute increase in tumour size can improve the metric evaluating disease progression in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Robinson Ari , Agur Zvia , Kogan Yuri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The assessment of response to therapy in advanced solid cancer diseases is predicated on the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours for the evaluation of disease state by the relative changes in lesion size. The underlying assumption is that a larger relative increase in lesion size implicates less efficacious therapy, worse prognosis and shorter survival.
Methods
We analyzed retrospective data of metastatic colorectal cancer patients from three clinical datasets, stratified into three cohorts by the treatment protocol. We evaluated the first relative and absolute increase in target lesion size for their association with overall survival.
Results
About fifty four percent of the patient population increased in target lesion size during the first-line treatment. A multivariate analysis showed that patients with larger relative increase in lesion size had slightly longer survival in all three cohorts (\(HR = 0.85, HR=0.95 ,HR = 0.75\) for Cohorts 1–3, respectively); p-values showed no significance. In contrast, patients with larger absolute increase in total lesion size had significantly shorter survival (\(HR = 1.1 \left(p=0.05\right), HR=1.2 \left(p=0.04\right), HR = 1.25(p=0.02)\) for Cohorts 1–3, respectively). We also found a negative correlation between the SLD at nadir and relative increase.
Conclusions
The different impact of the absolute and the relative increase in SLD at relapse reflects the different growth patterns of small and big tumours. Further validation of our results is required. We believe that the first absolute increase in total lesion size may become a useful metric, upon which a more precise categorization of survival-related disease progression can be based.
Catalytic [4+n]-cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanone as a privileged C4 synthon
Authors: Xu Xinfang , Hong Kemiao , Liu Mengting , Qian Lixin , Bao Ming , Chen Gang , Jiang Xinyu , Huang jingjing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Cycloaddition reactions play a pivotal role in synthetic chemistry for the direct assembly of cyclic architectures. However, substantial hurdles remain for extending the C4 synthon, which is mainly limited to dienes and 1,4-dipoles so far, to construct diverse heterocycles via programmable [4 + n]-cycloaddition. Here we report an atom-economic and modular intermolecular cycloaddition using furan-fused cyclobutanones (FCBs) as a novel and versatile C4 synthon. In contrast to the well-documented intramolecular cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenones (BCBs), this is a complementary version using a heteroarene-fused reagent as a C4 building block. It involves a catalytic C-C bond activation and stepwise annulation sequence, including a Rh-catalyzed highly enantioselective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition with imines and an Au-catalyzed diastereoselective [4 + 4]-cycloaddition with anthranils. The furan-fused polycyclic lactam products and their synthetic derivatives, which are pivotal motifs that present in many natural products, bioactive molecules, and materials, are inaccessible or difficult to prepare by other methods with multi-steps. Preliminary antitumor activity study of these compounds indicates that 6e and 6f exhibit high anticancer potency against colon cancer cells (HCT-116 cells, IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.05 µM) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells (KYSE-520 cells, IC50 = 0.89 ± 0.13 µM), respectively.
RETRACTED: Community-based palliative care needs and barriers to access among cancer patients in rural north India: A Participatory action research
Authors: Mayank Gupta , Ankita Kankaria , Joshy Liya E , Singh Sandeep , Lal Bhajan , Choudhary Subhash , Marcus Sapna , Grewal Anju , Gupta Mayank , Goyal Lajya Devi , Kakkar Rakesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.