bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isatin Derivatives: A Frontier in Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Shaik Shareef , Chaudhary Manish , Kaur Charanjit , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Gurvinder 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Microbial infection is one of the major concerns for human health in the modern era.
Condition is further worsening due to the development of resistance by the microbe against the
available drugs. This problem can be overcome by synthesizing novel antimicrobial agents. Isatin is
a promising moiety possessing antimicrobial activity. A number of isatin derivatives are present in
the market for the treatment of microbial infection.

:
In this review, we have tried to summarize isatin derivatives as antimicrobials, including numerous
potent isatin analogs. The reported literature related to the development and application of isatin
derivatives have been collected from electronic data bases like Science Direct, Google Scholar, and
PubMed by using key words like “design, synthesis and evaluation”, “isatin derivatives,” and “indoldione
analogues” and related combinations. It was identified that isatin derivatives play an essential
role in drug discovery and development. In recent years, isatin and its derivatives have shown promising
antibacterial and antiviral properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the current
research on isatin potential applications. Studies have shown that isatin derivatives can effectively
fight against various types of microorganisms, such as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
They also exhibit lower toxicity and better efficacy than standard antimicrobial agents. Moreover,
isatin-based products have the potential to address the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance. The
current work attempts to review such innovations, which may lead to the creation of novel therapeutic
agents. More research is required to confirm their safety and effectiveness in clinical practice.
Educational Model and Prevention on Prediabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amelia Rina , Harahap Juliandi , Zulham  , Fujiati Isti Ilmiati , Wijaya Hendri 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Prediabetes is a reversible condition before the onset of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. Untreated condition of prediabetes will develop into diabetes and its complications.
The prevalence of prediabetes has been emerging worldwide and has a considerable socioeconomic
impact. The current study reviews the roles of early detection, educational models, life
modification, and prophylaxis of individuals with prediabetes in preventing the progression of
prediabetes into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and complications in the future.

Methods:
This study included published articles from several electronic databases. The obtained
articles were limited to March 2023. Articles that were not open access and not in Indonesian or
English were excluded. The protocol for this study used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020.

Results:
Of 39627 articles, 39601 were excluded due to duplication and did not meet the eligibility
criteria. At the final, there were 26 articles that were eligible for systematic review.

Conclusion:
Prevention of the development of prediabetes into diabetes is essential. A comprehensive
understanding and training on intensive lifestyle modification protocols from local and
national experts in diabetes prevention through digital-based education models and linguistically
and culturally approach can be considered. Intensive lifestyle modification and pharmacological
approaches may improve the outcome. Regular monitoring of glycemic control is also important
for early diagnosis of diabetes, especially in patients with special conditions.
Eugenia pyriformis Cambess-Myrtaceae: An Unexplored Brazilian Species
with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: de Oliveira Raphaelli Chirle , Camargo Taiane Mota , Radünz Marjana , dos Santos Pereira Elisa , da Rocha Concenço Fernanda Izabel Garcia , Vizzotto Márcia , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Nora Leonardo 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Eugenia pyriformis produces a round fruit with a sweet and aromatic flavor
known as uvaia and contains a range of nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential for
industrialization.

Objective:
This literature review addresses the nutritional composition, chemical and biological activities
of uvaia (seeds and leaves), in addition to listing important factors for the post-harvest and
industrialization of uvaia.

Results:
A wide range of studies describe the chemical and nutritional composition of fruits and
seeds. Among these studies, one considers the residue after processing the fruit and two evaluate
leaves. The pulp and peel have a high content of carbohydrates, fibers and sugars with low caloric
value and high content of vitamin C. Fruits contain phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids and the
leaves have flavonoids, volatile compounds and tannins. Fruit can be eaten fresh; however, because
it is highly perishable and difficult to handle postharvest, industrialization seems to be an interesting
alternative to prolong shelf life.

Conclusion:
E. pyriformis fruits have excellent attributes for consumer health, but industrialization
may be necessary to extend their shelf life. Fruits and leaves have a high antioxidant capacity
and antimicrobial potential against bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Essential oils from leaves and
trunks have antiproliferative, antileishmanial and anti-inflammatory potential. Mainly fruits and
leaves have the potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
The Length of Xiphoid to Fundus as a Measure of Labor Progress: A
Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rashidi Fakari Farzaneh , Simbar Masoumeh , Torkian Demneh Hamideh , Rashidi Fakari Fahimeh , Kiani Zahra , Ebadi Abbas 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Vaginal examination is widely recognized as the most common method
for monitoring labor progress. However, researchers are currently exploring alternative methods,
which are potentially less invasive or aggressive, to assess labor progress.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the correlation between the length of the xiphoid to the fundus
and the cervical dilation in the active phase of labor.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 pregnant women in Varamin, Iran.
The participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-
made questionnaire that included specific items regarding demographic characteristics,
health status, and a checklist to record the results of examinations and labor progress. The collected
data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and multiple linear regression
with SPSS 22 software. The significance level was considered to be p < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 174 eligible women participated in the study, with a mean age of 25.90 ± 4.56
years (mean±SD) and a mean gestational age of 39.71 ± 1.03 weeks. There was a significant negative
correlation between the length of the xiphoid to the fundus and cervical dilatation (p =
0.0001, r = -0.568).

Conclusions:
The study revealed a significant negative correlation between the length of the
xiphoid to the fundus and the cervical dilation. Therefore, the xiphoid to fundus measurement can
serve as an alternative and complementary examination in cases that need frequent vaginal examinations.
In-silico Investigations for the Identification of Novel Inhibitors Targeting Hepatitis C Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Mallya Shailaja , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R.S. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Hepatitis C is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by the hepatitis
C virus, exhibiting acute and chronic manifestations with severity ranging from mild to severe
and lifelong illnesses leading to liver cirrhosis and cancer. According to the World Health Organization’s
global estimates, a population of about 58 million have chronic hepatitis C virus infection,
with around 1.5 million new infections occurring every year.

Objective:
The present study aimed to identify novel molecules targeting the Hepatitis C viral RNA
Dependent RNA polymerases, which play a crucial role in genome replication, mRNA synthesis,
etc.

Methods:
Structure-based virtual screening of chemical libraries of small molecules was done using
AutoDock/Vina. The top-ranking pose for every ligand was complexed with the protein and
used for further protein-ligand interaction analysis using the Protein-ligand interaction Profiler.
Molecules from virtual screening were further assessed using the pkCSM web server. The proteinligand
interactions were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation studies to establish
dynamic stability.

Results:
Molecular docking-based virtual screening of the database of small molecules, followed
by screening based on pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters, yielded eight probable RNA Dependent
RNA polymerase inhibitors. The docking scores for the proposed candidates ranged from -
8.04 to -9.10 kcal/mol. The potential stability of the ligands bound to the target protein was demonstrated
by molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Conclusion:
Data from exhaustive computational studies proposed eight molecules as potential
anti-viral candidates, targeting Hepatitis C viral RNA Dependent RNA polymerases, which can be
further evaluated for their biological potential.
Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Neurotransmitters in
Rotenone-induced Parkinson’s Disease in Rats: Role of Naringin from
Citrus aurantium via Blocking Adenosine A2A Receptor
Authors: Ahmed Yomna Rashad , Aboul Naser Asmaa Fathy , Elbatanony Marwa Mahmoud , El-Feky Amal Mohamed , Khalil Wagdy Khalil Bassaly , Hamed Manal Abdel-Aziz 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Lack of control in voluntary movements, resting tremor, postural instability,
and stiffness are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective::
The current work's objective is to assess naringin isolated from Citrus aurantium L.
peels as an anti-parkinsonism agent in rats.

Methods::
The HPLC and LC-ESI-MS analysis of Citrus aurantium L. peels methanol extract was
done. The behavioral, biochemical, genetic, and histopathological analysis were evaluated in parkinsonism
rats.

Results::
Fourteen phenolics and nine flavonoids were found in the extract, according to the
HPLC analysis, while LC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of twenty-six flavonoids. The
dominant flavonoid subclasses were 4 aglycones, 11 monoglycosides, 5 diglycosides, and 6
polymethoxy flavonoids, beside 4 coumarines, 4 alkaloids and a limonin triterpene. Adenosine
A2A receptor (A2AR) gene expression, malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), caspase-3
(Cas-3) and DNA fragmentation levels significantly increased in rotenone-treated rats. Dopamine
(DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), reduced glutathione (GSH), succinate, and lactate
dehydrogenase (SDH &LDH) levels all significantly decreased. Treatment with naringin and
A2AR antagonists enhanced the animals’ behavior and improved all the selected parameters. The
brain hippocampal features confirmed our results.

Conclusion::
Naringin could be considered a nutraceutical agent by attenuating the neurodegeneration
associated with PD via blocking adenosine A2AR.
In-silico Investigation of Ginseng Phytoconstituents as Novel Therapeutics
Against MAO-A
Authors: Choudhary Diksha , Kaur Rajwinder , Rani Nidhi , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Kumar Bhupinder 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a herb of medicinal and nutritional importance.
Ginseng has been used since ancient times for the treatment of numerous ailments as it
has many therapeutic properties. Several phytoconstituents are present in Panax ginseng that possess
a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties.

Objective:
To explore the potential of phytoconstituents of Panax ginseng in the treatment of depression,
a molecular modeling technique was utilized targeting monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A).

Methods:
A total of sixty-one phytoconstituents of ginseng were drawn with the help of ChemBioDraw
Ultra 12.0 software and PDBs for MAO-A enzyme were retrieved from the RCSB PDB
database. The prepared ligands were screened for MAO-A properties using the software Molegro
Virtual Docker (MVD 2010.4.1.0). All the prepared ligands were evaluated for drug-likeliness
properties using Swiss ADME.

Result:
Among the docking studies of 60 Ginseng phytochemicals including one standard, 15
phytoconstituents with the highest dock score and better binding interactions were selected further
for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies. Stachyose (-227.287, 17
interactions), Raffinose (-222.157, 14 interactions), and Ginsenoside Rg1 (-216.593, 10 interactions)
were found to possess better interactions as compared to Clorgyline taken as a standard
drug.

Conclusion:
Stachyose was found to be the most potent inhibitor of MAO-A enzyme under investigation
and can be a potential lead molecule for the development of newer phytochemical-based
treatment of depression.
New Toxicological Endpoints of Pesticides: Perspectives on Metabolomics
Authors: Dong Bizhang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Food safety has received increasing attention, and pesticide contamination is one of the
primary issues. Many toxicological endpoints have been established to evaluate the hazards of pesticides.
However, the sensitivity of toxic endpoints is dominated by analytical methods. The risks of
pesticides may be underestimated when using insensitive analytical methods to establish the toxicological
endpoints. Therefore, it is necessary to find highly sensitive analytical approaches to develop
a toxicological endpoint. Recently, metabolomics has been widely applied for investigating the toxicological
mechanism of environmental pollutants in animals and plants with higher sensitivity. However,
metabolomics has not been utilized to establish toxicological endpoints. Herein, the potential of
metabolomics for toxicological endpoint establishment is briefly discussed.
Progress of Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Wang Nan , Ma Jian-Min 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The theory of cancer stem cells is a breakthrough discovery that offers exciting possibilities for comprehending the biological behavior of tumors. More and more evidence suggests that
retinoblastoma cancer stem cells promote tumor growth and are likely to be the origin of tumor
formation, drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. At present, some progress has been made
in the verification, biological behavior, and drug resistance mechanism of retinoblastoma cancer
stem cells. This article aims to review the relevant research and explore future development direction.
Role of Polyphenols, their Nano-formulations, and Biomaterials in Diabetic
Wound Healing
Authors: Emad Nasr A. , Zai Iqra , Ahmad Saeem , Pandit Jayamenti , Khan Mohd Ashif , Sultana Yasmin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
A diabetic wound is one of the major complications arising from hyperglycemia,
neuropathy, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Finding effective treatments for diabetic
wounds has been difficult owing to the complex pathophysiology of diabetic wound environments.
Chronic wounds are notoriously difficult to treat with conventional wound care methods.
In recent years, polyphenols found in plants have received much interest as a potential treatment
for diabetic wounds. Their key benefits are their safety and the fact that they act through many
molecular routes to treat diabetic wounds. However, problems with their formulation development,
including lipophilicity, light sensitivity, limited membrane permeability, rapid systemic
elimination, and enzymatic degradation, prevented them from gaining clinical attention. This
article highlights and discusses the mechanism of polyphenols and various polyphenol-based
drug delivery systems used till now to treat diabetic wounds. The consideration that should be
taken in polyphenols-based nano-formulations and their prospect for diabetic wounds are also
discussed briefly.
An Overview of Flexible Jointed Robots
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Li Yuheng , Yang Xiaodong , Liu Xianli 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Since the first industrial robots were created in the middle of the last century, robotics has shown strong growth prospects. Robotics has developed rapidly over time and is
being used in more and more areas. Because of the need to minimize impact forces during robot
movement, traditional rigid robots are no longer sufficient, flexible joints are more adaptable to
the environment due to their adjustable stiffness and have higher application value in humancomputer interaction. Therefore, flexible jointed robots have become one of the research hotspots
in recent years.

Objective:
Through a detailed analysis of the existing hardware and software control technologies
of flexible joint robots, referring to papers and recent patents on flexible jointed robots, we aim to
find ways to reduce the impact of flexible joint deformation of flexible joint robots and improve
the overall force and position control accuracy of flexible joint robots.

Methods:
To categorize the hardware and software technologies of flexible jointed robots, to
briefly explain the directions of the technologies categorized and to study them, to summarize the
advantages and disadvantages of each type of technology respectively, and to outlook the future
development trend.

Results:
Through the study and analysis of the various parts of the flexible joint robot, it can be
seen that joint flexibility is mainly achieved through the drive motor and flexible components to
achieve flexibility and then through the fusion control technology to control the deformation of
the joint. Differences in structural materials affect the mechanical properties of robot motion. The
detection and feedback accuracy of the sensor also has a significant impact on the control accuracy.

Conclusion:
The use of new motor technology, flexible component technology, material technology, and sensor technology, combined with improvements in software fusion control technology
can reduce the impact of joint deformation, improve the control accuracy of joint flexibility, and
achieve high-precision force-level control capability of flexible joint robots.
Efficiency of a Lyophilizate for Dry Powder Inhalation System for Drug
Delivery of Ghrelin in Monkeys
Authors: Akita Tomomi , Miyamoto Kahori , Yamashita Chikamasa 
Published: October 2023

Background:
A lyophilizate for dry powder inhalation (LDPI) system is unique in that its formulation, a lyophilized cake, is aerosolized just upon inhalation by convection flow of air. An LDPI system may be advantageous, especially for biopharmaceutics, such as proteins and peptides, because formulations can be manufactured without high temperature and shear stress. It was already reported that formulations of peptides used in an LDPI system showed high aerosoli-zation performance. However, it was not confirmed whether the LDPI system could deliver drugs efficiently enough for practical use.

Objective:
In this study, we compared the drug delivery efficiency of an LDPI system with intra-venous and subcutaneous injections.

Methods:
We administered LDPI formulations containing ghrelin as model formulations to monkeys and measured pharmacokinetic profiles.

Results:
As a result of pharmacokinetics testing in the monkeys, the bioavailability of an inhaled drug was 5-15%.

Conclusion:
It is expected that the LDPI system can deliver drugs efficiently enough for practical use even in the systemic application of bio-pharmaceutics.
Differences in Life Space Activity Patterns Between Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment Living Alone or as a Couple: Cohort Study Using Passive Activity Sensing
Authors: Muurling Marijn , Au-Yeung Wan-Tai M , Beattie Zachary , Wu Chao-Yi , Dodge Hiroko , Rodrigues Nathaniel K , Gothard Sarah , Silbert Lisa C , Barnes Lisa L , Steele Joel S , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: October 2023

Background
Measuring function with passive in-home sensors has the advantages of real-world, objective, continuous, and unobtrusive measurement. However, previous studies have focused on 1-person homes only, which limits their generalizability.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the life space activity patterns of participants living alone with those of participants living as a couple and to compare people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with cognitively normal participants in both 1- and 2-person homes.

Methods
Passive infrared motion sensors and door contact sensors were installed in 1- and 2-person homes with cognitively normal residents or residents with MCI. A home was classified as an MCI home if at least 1 person in the home had MCI. Time out of home (TOOH), independent life space activity (ILSA), and use of the living room, kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom were calculated. Data were analyzed using the following methods: (1) daily averages over 4 weeks, (2) hourly averages (time of day) over 4 weeks, or (3) longitudinal day-to-day changes.

Results
In total, 129 homes with people living alone (n=27, 20.9%, MCI and n=102, 79.1%, no-MCI homes) and 52 homes with people living as a couple (n=24, 46.2%, MCI and n=28, 53.8%, no-MCI homes) were included with a mean follow-up of 719 (SD 308) days. Using all 3 analysis methods, we found that 2-person homes showed a shorter TOOH, a longer ILSA, and shorter living room and kitchen use. In MCI homes, ILSA was higher in 2-person homes but lower in 1-person homes. The effects of MCI status on other outcomes were only found when using the hourly averages or longitudinal day-to-day changes over time, and they depended on the household type (alone vs residing as a couple).

Conclusions
This study shows that in-home behavior is different when a participant is living alone compared to when they are living as a couple, meaning that the household type should be considered when studying in-home behavior. The effects of MCI status can be detected with in-home sensors, even in 2-person homes, but data should be analyzed on an hour-to-hour basis or longitudinally.
Simulación clínica virtual en enfermería en tiempos de pandemia: Percepción de estudiantes
Authors: Pastuña-Doicela Rosa , Segovia-Hernándeza Rocío , Alvarado-Alvarado Ana , Núñez-Garcés Alicia 
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La emergencia sanitaria en 2020, ocasionó cambios importantes en la formación profesional de enfermería. Ante esta situación inédita, los educadores tuvieron que transformar la práctica presencial en ambientes hospitalarios, clínicas de simulación y laboratorios, a una en entornos virtuales. La simulación virtual ha demostrado ser una estrategia innovadora para dar continuidad a la articulación teórico-práctica, para favorecer el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, actitudinales, procedimentales en los estudiantes y para el aprendizaje holístico.
Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de estudiantes del sexto semestre de enfermería sobre las prácticas de simulación virtual.
Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y de corte transversal, realizado en 71 estudiantes del sexto semes tre de enfermería. La información se recolectó a través de un cuestionario que evaluó la metodología de la simulación virtual y una entrevista estructurada que indagó sobre la experiencia en simulación virtual.
Resultados: El 90% de los participantes concuerda en que la simulación virtual constituye una herramienta pedagógica valiosa para la articulación teórico-práctica, el aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo de competencias clínicas.
Discusión: La simulación virtual ha sido valorada como una estrategia útil para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas, actitudinales y la compasión en el cuidado de pacientes en condición de salud crítica. Así como una metodología que estimula el aprendizaje significativo, permite el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, autoconfianza para la toma efectiva de decisiones.
Conclusión: La simulación virtual ha evidenciado ser una metodología que favorece el aprendizaje clínico de enfermería.