bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Drivers of Juvenile, Young, and Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease in India
Authors: Andrews Shan V. , Kukkle Prashanth L. , Menon Ramesh , Geetha Thenral S. , Goyal Vinay , Kandadai Rukmini Mridula , Kumar Hrishikesh , Borgohain Rupam , Mukherjee Adreesh , Wadia Pettarusp M. , Yadav Ravi , Desai Soaham , Kumar Niraj , Joshi Deepika , Murugan Sakthivel , Biswas Atanu , Pal Pramod K. , Oliver Merina , Nair Sandhya , Kayalvizhi Anbu , Samson Praveena L. , Deshmukh Manjari , Bassi Akshi , Sandeep Charugulla , Mandloi Nitin , Davis Oliver B. , Roberts Melissa A. , Leto Dara E. , Henry Anastasia G. , Di Paolo Gilbert , Muthane Uday , Das Shymal K. , Peterson Andrew S. , Sandmann Thomas , Gupta Ravi , Ramprasad Vedam L. ,   Parkinson Research Alliance of India (PRAI)
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have advanced our understanding of the genetic drivers of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rare variants in more than 20 genes are considered causal for PD, and the latest PD genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified 90 independent risk loci. However, there remains a gap in our understanding of PD genetics outside of the European populations in which the vast majority of these studies were focused.ObjectiveThe aim was to identify genetic risk factors for PD in a South Asian population.MethodsA total of 674 PD subjects predominantly with age of onset (AoO) ≤50 years (encompassing juvenile, young, or early‐onset PD) were recruited from 10 specialty movement disorder centers across India over a 2‐year period; 1376 control subjects were selected from the reference population GenomeAsia, Phase 2. We performed various case‐only and case–control genetic analyses for PD diagnosis and AoO.ResultsA genome‐wide significant signal for PD diagnosis was identified in the SNCA region, strongly colocalizing with SNCA region signal from European PD GWAS. PD cases with pathogenic mutations in PD genes exhibited, on average, lower PD polygenic risk scores than PD cases lacking any PD gene mutations. Gene burden studies of rare, predicted deleterious variants identified BSN, encoding the presynaptic protein Bassoon that has been previously associated with neurodegenerative disease.ConclusionsThis study constitutes the largest genetic investigation of PD in a South Asian population to date. Future work should seek to expand sample numbers in this population to enable improved statistical power to detect PD genes in this understudied group. © 2023 Denali Therapeutics and The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Proteomic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma tumors that are small but highly invasive
Authors: Qiu Zhenbin , Yang Xiongwen , Xia Jin , Zhang Chao , Tang Wenfang , Chu Xiangpeng , Fu Rui , Yang Xuening , Zhang Xuchao , Wu Yilong , Zhong Wenzhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the molecular mechanism of early lymph node metastasis among lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents. Proteomic studies helped generate molecular landscape for LUAD. However, the molecular basis of early lymph node metastases remains unknown in patients with LUAD.MethodsSurgically resected LUAD tissues and paired normal tissues were selected from 25 patients with stage pT1bN2M0 (group of metastases [GM]) and 27 patients with stage T2b‐3N0M0 (group of large primary focus, GL) who had not undergone any anti‐tumor treatment. 4D‐Label‐free proteomics sequencing was performed among these tissues. The clinicopathological information was retrieved from the electronic medical record system in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital.ResultsCompared with GL tumor tissue, 89 upregulated and 155 downregulated proteins were identified in GM tumor tissue. Upregulated proteins of GM were enriched in the ECM‐receptor interaction and PI3K‐AKT pathway under Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. And then, the median disease‐free survival (DFS) of GM phenotype patients was used as the cut‐off value, and GM was divided into two groups with significantly different survival outcomes (DFS good vs. DFS Poor: DFS: p < 0.0001; overall survival: p = 0.0017). All members of the Microchromosome maintenance protein family were highly expressed in the DFS‐poor group, especially MCM2. Proteome‐based stratification of LUAD revealed three subtypes (S‐2, S‐2, and S‐3) related to different clinical and molecular features. S‐3 had higher catabolism‐related pathways enriched, such as amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism, which has the worst prognosis (S1 vs. S2 vs. S3, RFS: p = 0.042).ConclusionsProteomics analyses revealed that the activation of the extracellular matrix and intracellular signal transduction might be the driving mechanisms for early lymph node metastasis. Higher expressed cell proliferation related pathways of early lymph node metastatic LUAD may accelerate the recurrence after curative surgery. Three proteomic subgroups of LUAD with distinct molecular and clinical characteristics were identified, the one of which characterized by enrichment of catabolism‐related pathways displayed the worst survival data.
‘Why can't we speak up for ourselves…?’ Water Futures and Ethnographic Provocations
Authors: Poelina Anne (Wagaba) , Toussaint Sandy , Muecke Stephen 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTVia a three‐person dialogue, we engage with an inquiry posed for this special issue: ‘What questions are ethnographers asking about water in Australia?’ Canvassing such an inquiry led us to being both provoked and provocateurs, in part by following Luci Pangrazio's (2016) discussion about the value of provocation in the social sciences. Turning from provocation as heuristic tool, we then focus on the iconic Mardoowarra, Fitzroy River in Western Australia's northern Kimberley, and Aboriginal people's deep and enduring cultural, environmental and emotional interconnections and responsibilities with such a major water source. Contemplated also is the contemporary importance of inquiring into water‐based questions relating to Australian Indigenous people that might be reconceptualized to become questions about ethnographers and ethnography in the 21st century.
Electro‐chemo‐mechanical modeling of structural battery electrode materials
Authors: Rollin David , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth , Jänicke Ralf 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a linear electro‐chemo‐mechanical model for a structural Lithium ion battery electrode material is presented. The considered material is composed of particles (storing Lithium) embedded in a porous polymer matrix. The pores are filled with a liquid electrolyte. In this three phase material different processes are taken into account: ion diffusion and migration inside the electrolyte, Lithium diffusion inside the particles, electric current inside the binder matrix and particles as well as deformation in these two phases. After presenting the mathematical model, we perform a numerical study of a simple system to investigate the model behavior.
Decreased HER2 expression in endometrial cancer following anti‐HER2 therapy
Authors: Chui M Herman , Brown David N , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , da Silva Edaise M , Momeni‐Boroujeni Amir , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Zhang Yanming , Makker Vicky , Ellenson Lora Hedrick , Weigelt Britta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTrastuzumab has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of HER2‐positive serous endometrial cancer (EC), which led to its incorporation into standard‐of‐care management of this aggressive disease. Acquired resistance remains an important challenge, however, and its underlying mechanisms in EC are unknown. To define the molecular changes that occur in response to anti‐HER2 therapy in EC, targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS), HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on pre‐ and post‐treatment tumour samples from 14 patients with EC treated with trastuzumab or trastuzumab emtansine. Recurrent tumours after anti‐HER2 therapy acquired additional genetic alterations compared with matched pre‐treatment ECs and frequently showed decreased HER2 protein expression by IHC (7/14, 50%). Complete/near‐complete absence of HER2 protein expression (score 0/1+) observed post‐treatment (4/14, 29%) was associated with retained HER2 gene amplification (n = 3) or copy number neutral status (n = 1). Whole‐exome sequencing performed on primary and recurrent tumours from the latter case, which exhibited genetic heterogeneity of HER2 amplification in the primary tumour, revealed selection of an early HER2‐non‐amplified clone following therapy. Our findings demonstrate that loss of target expression, by selection of HER2‐non‐amplified clones or, more commonly, by downregulation of expression, may constitute a mechanism of resistance to anti‐HER2 therapy in HER2‐positive EC. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and modeling of creep behavior of glued laminated bamboo
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Wang Wendao , Xu Shuai , Zhang Kun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe benefits of using glued laminated bamboo (GLB) as a structural material are numerous, such as its low weight, high specific strength, and low carbon footprint. However, as a viscoelastic material, GLB materials exhibit creep, which is a significant characteristic that needs to be considered. To ensure the safety and serviceability of structures that utilize GLB, it is essential to accurately estimate the long‐term performance of GLB composites under external forces. This paper reports on an experimental investigation into the creep characteristics of GLB under tensile and compressive loads. The experiments were conducted at various load levels for a period of 500 h under a controlled environmental condition. The Burgers model and the five‐parameter model were used to characterize creep behavior and predict the long‐term deformation by extrapolating beyond the experimental period. The long‐term deformation of the GLB may be overestimated by the Burgers model due to its constant creep rate for the viscous component. In contrast, the five‐parameter model introduces a modification factor that results in a nonlinear viscous component, allowing a more accurate fit and a reasonable deformation estimate.Highlights
Creep characteristics of GLB were studied under tensile and compressive loads.
Burgers and five‐parameter models were used to describe the creep behavior.
Extrapolation of Burgers model overestimates the creep deformation of GLB.
Five‐parameter model provides reasonable deformation estimate for GLB.
Risk of ischemic stroke associated with direct oral anticoagulants discontinuation on patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Álvaro Thomsen T. , Mesa Guadalupe J. , Huerta C. , de Burgos A. , Cea Soriano L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough direct oral anticoagulants' (DOACs) prescriptions have experienced immense growth in the last decade, the proportion of discontinuers is still common yielding an increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS) onset.AimsWe aimed to estimate the association between DOACs discontinuation and risk of IS among patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).MethodsWe used data from a cohort of new DOACs users, followed patients from the first DOAC prescription date up to IS (index date) and conducted a nested case–control analysis using conditional logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals were calculated for discontinuation of DOACs (current use compared with past use). The latter, subdivided among those stopping treatment 3 to 2 months and 6 and 3 months prior to index date. The effect of naïve current users against IS onset compared with non‐naïve current users was also evaluated.ResultsDOACs discontinuation showed an OR of IS of 1.47 (95% CI: 1.02–2.12); estimates were 2.51 (95% CI: 1.84–3.42) for whom discontinued treatment within months 3 and 2 and 1.43 (95% CI: 0.96–2.13) for those between months 6 and 3 prior to index date. Analyzing DOACs individually, risk of IS associated with past users compared with current users: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.25–3.12) for apixaban, 1.38 (95% CI: 0.40–4.72) for edoxaban, 1.98 (95% CI: 1.24–2.65) for dabigatran and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.26–2.76) for rivaroxaban. Similar results were found when stratified by naïve and non‐naïve users.ConclusionsDOACs' discontinuation is associated with higher risk of IS, especially in the second and third months following interruption.
Recent advances in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Yan Jinyu , Li Yuan , Li Yunxiang , Ouyang Shuxin , Zhang Tierui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an environmental‐friendly oxidant and renewable liquid fuel, has received wide attention in various research and industrial fields. Current industrial production of H2O2 relies on the anthraquinone method, which is hardly viewed as a sustainable and green process. Photocatalysis, harnessing solar energy as the driving force for redox reactions, provides a green and promising approach for H2O2 production. However, due to the poor ability of light absorption, fast recombination of carriers, and poor intrinsic activity of active sites of pristine photocatalysts, photocatalytic H2O2 production cannot provide great yield. Thus, great efforts have been dedicated to design efficient photocatalysts for photosynthesis of H2O2 in the past decades. In this review, we summarize significant progress in the development of advanced photocatalytic materials for light‐driven H2O2 production. Starting with a brief introduction on basic principles and advantages of photosynthesis of H2O2, the representative materials are classified and discussed in detail; finally, a brief outlook on addressing future challenges and opportunities of photocatalytic H2O2 production is proposed. This review aims to confirm current challenges and research developments in the photosynthesis of H2O2 and provide inspiration for the development of high‐efficiency photocatalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production in the future.
Killing a fly with a sledgehammer: Atezolizumab exposure in real‐world lung cancer patients
Authors: Marolleau Sophie , Mogenet Alice , Boeri Clara , Hamimed Mourad , Ciccolini Joseph , Greillier Laurent 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtezolizumab is an anti‐PDL1 approved for treating lung cancer. A threshold of 6 μg/mL in plasma has been associated with target engagement. The extent to which patients could be overexposed with the standard 1200 mg q3w dosing remains unknown. Here, we monitored atezolizumab peak and trough levels in 27 real‐world patients with lung cancer as part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring. Individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using a population approach and optimal dosing‐intervals were simulated with respect to the target trough levels. No patient had plasma levels below 6 μg/mL. The results showed that the mean trough level after the first treatment was 78.3 ± 17 μg/mL, that is, 13 times above the target concentration. The overall response rate was 55.5%. Low‐grade immune‐related adverse events was observed in 37% of patients. No relationship was found between exposure metrics of atezolizumab (i.e., minimum plasma concentration, maximum plasma concentration, and area under the curve) and pharmacodynamic end points (i.e., efficacy and toxicity). Further simulations suggest that the dosing interval could be extended from 21 days to 49 up to 136 days (mean: 85.7 days, i.e., q12w), while ensuring plasma levels still above the 6 μg/mL target threshold. This observational, real‐world study suggests that the standard 1200 mg q3w fixed‐dose regimen of atezolizumab results in significant overexposure in all the patients. This was not associated with increased side effects. As plasma levels largely exceed pharmacologically active concentrations, interindividual variability in PK parameters did not impact efficacy. Our data suggest that dosing intervals could be markedly extended with respect to the target threshold associated with efficacy.
High‐Performance Telecom‐Wavelength Biphoton Source from a Hot Atomic Vapor Cell
Authors: Jeong Hansol , Kim Heewoo , Moon Han Seb 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTelecom‐band quantum light sources are critical to the development of long‐distance quantum communication technologies. A high‐performance telecom‐wavelength biphoton source from a hot 87Rb atomic vapor cell is reported. Time‐correlated biphotons are generated from the cascade‐type 5S1/2–5P3/2–4D5/2 transition of 87Rb via a spontaneous four‐wave mixing process. The maximum value of biphoton cross‐correlation to be 44(3) is achieved, under the condition of a high optical depth of 112(3), including two‐photon absorption, with a spectral width of approximately 300 MHz. The coincidence count rate of biphoton is estimated to be of the order of 38 000 cps mW−1. It is believed that the telecom‐wavelength biphoton source from an atomic vapor cell can be applied in long‐distance quantum networks and practical quantum repeaters based on atom–photon interactions.
Generation of Quantum Optical Frequency Combs in Topological Resonators
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Chen Yanghe , Jiang Chun , He Guangqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent advances in manipulating topological phases in quantum systems have promised integrated quantum devices with conspicuous functionalities, such as robustness against fabrication defects. At the same time, the introduction of quantum frequency combs enables extreme expansion of quantum resources. Here, it theoretically propose the generation of high‐dimensional entangled quantum frequency combs via four‐wave mixing processes in the valley‐Hall topological resonators. Specifically, it demonstrates two irregular photonic crystal resonators supporting the whispering‐gallery resonator modes that lead to coherent quantum frequency combs at telecommunication wavelengths. By using the Schmidt decomposition, It shows that the quantum frequency combs are frequency entangled, and it also concludes that the effective dimensions of quantum frequency combs in these two resonators are at least seven and six, respectively. Moreover, these quantum frequency combs inherit the topological protection of valley kink states, showing robustness against defects in the resonators. The topological quantum frequency combs have shown intriguing potentiality in the generation and control of topologically protected high‐dimensional quantum states in integrated photonic crystal platforms.
Refugees' gendered experiences of education in Europe since 2015: A scoping review
Authors: Hunt Lucy , Aleghfeli Yousef Khalifa , McIntyre Joanna , Stone Chris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis scoping review aims to explore the role of gender in refugees' educational access, experiences, and outcomes in Europe since 2015. Gender can act as a significant barrier to education, and gender stereotypes and bias can affect learning opportunities and outcomes. As a response, a scoping review was conducted to explore the role of gender in refugees' educational access, experiences, and outcomes in Europe since 2015. This review follows a systematic process of reviewing and synthesising texts compiled in the Hub for Education for Refugees in Europe (HERE) Knowledge Base to fill the gaps in knowledge about gender‐related post‐migration experiences of refugees and displaced individuals who have arrived in Europe. The review includes studies that focus on educational services for refugees in Europe and uses a meta‐ethnographic synthesis approach to data analysis and synthesis. Using a socio‐ecological framework, it was found that at the individual level, access and progression were shaped by previous educational attainment, health issues, survival tactics and future aspirations; at the micro‐level, by relationships with family, educators and peers; at the meso‐level, by public perceptions of refugee learners and home‐school interactions; and at the macro‐level, by administrative barriers, the asylum system, socio‐economic factors and the tailored opportunities and community support available. The majority of the studies referred to the experiences of women and girls.
Finite‐time prescribed performance adaptive fuzzy output feedback control for stochastic nonlinear systems with dead‐zone input
Authors: Lei Xinyu , Tao Fazhan , Wang Nan , Fu Zhumu , Ma Haoxiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the issue of finite‐time prescribed performance control (PPC) is addressed for stochastic nonlinear systems with the effect of dead‐zone. Fuzzy logic systems are utilized for identifying unknown nonlinear characteristics. A model consisting of linear and disturbance‐like terms is constructed to approximate the nonlinearity of dead‐zone. Meanwhile, a state observer is employed to estimate unmeasured states. To improve the convergence rate, a finite‐time performance function is introduced, which transforms the tracking error of original system to error of converted system, thus prescribing the transient and steady‐state performance of the system. Eventually, based on backstepping technique, a finite‐time PPC strategy is proposed, which ensures the boundedness of all signals in closed‐loop system. Simultaneously, the tracking error converges to a prescribed region in finite‐time. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of presented control strategy.
Chiral Pearlescent Cellulose Nanocrystals Films with Broad‐Range Tunable Optical Properties for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Wang Zhaolu , Chu Jiao , Shi Lei , Xing Tingyang , Gao Xiaoqing , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPearlescent materials are of technological importance in a diverse array of industries from cosmetics to premium paints; however, chiral pearlescent materials remain unexplored. Here, chiral pearlescent films with on‐demand iridescence and metallic appearance are simply organized by leveraging vertical pressure to direct the self‐assembly of cellulose nanocrystals. The films are formed with a bilayer planar anchored left‐handed chiral nematic architecture, in which the bottom layer is featured with a vertical gradient pitch, and the top layer is featured with a uniform pitch. Simultaneous reflection of the rainbow colors and an on‐demand color of left‐handed polarized light with angle‐dependent wavelength and polarization state accounts for the unique optical phenomenon based on experimental observation and theoretical analysis. Such chiroptical property can be readily tuned with architectural design, enabling reproducible optical appearance with high fidelity. Bringing the pearlescence, iridescence, and specular reflection together endows cellulose nanocrystal films with rich and tunable chiroptical properties that can be used for anti‐counterfeiting applications. The current work marks the beginning of chiral pearlescent materials from renewable resources, while the pressure‐directed self‐assembly provides a step toward scalable production.