bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Targeting for Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy Differs between Dystonic and Essential Tremor: A 12‐Month Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Golfrè Andreasi Nico , Braccia Arianna , Levi Vincenzo , Rinaldo Sara , Ghielmetti Francesco , Cilia Roberto , Romito Luigi Michele , Bonvegna Salvatore , Elia Antonio Emanuele , Devigili Grazia , Telese Roberta , Colucci Fabiana , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Messina Giuseppe , Corradi Marta , Stanziano Mario , Caldiera Valentina , Prioni Sara , Amami Paolo , Fusar Poli Marco , Piacentini Sylvie Hélène Marie Jeanne , Grisoli Marina , Ciceri Elisa Francesca Maria , DiMeco Francesco , Eleopra Roberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is increasingly used to treat drug‐resistant essential tremor (ET). Data on MRgFUS thalamotomy in dystonic tremor (DT) are anecdotal.ObjectivesTo investigate efficacy, safety, and differences in target coordinates of MRgFUS thalamotomy in DT versus ET.MethodsTen patients with DT and 35 with ET who consecutively underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy were followed for 12 months. Although in both groups the initial surgical planning coordinates corresponded to the ventralis intermediate (Vim), the final target could be modified intraoperatively based on clinical response.ResultsTremor significantly improved in both groups. The thalamic lesion was significantly more anterior in DT than ET. Considering both ET and DT groups, the more anterior the lesion, the lower the odds ratio for adverse events.ConclusionsMRgFUS thalamotomy is safe and effective in DT and ET. Compared to classical Vim coordinates used for ET, more anterior targeting should be considered for DT.
Predicting the duration of action of β2‐adrenergic receptor agonists: Ligand and structure‐based approaches
Authors: Chiesa Luca , Sick Emilie , Kellenberger Esther 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgonists of the β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) are an important class of medications used for the treatment of respiratory diseases. They can be classified as short acting (SABA) or long acting (LABA), with each class playing a different role in patient management. In this work we explored both ligand‐based and structure‐based high‐throughput approaches to classify β2‐agonists based on their duration of action. A completely in‐silico prediction pipeline using an AlphaFold generated structure was used for structure‐based modelling. Our analysis identified the ligands’ 3D structure and lipophilicity as the most relevant features for the prediction of the duration of action. Interaction‐based methods were also able to select ligands with the desired duration of action, incorporating the bias directly in the structure‐based drug discovery pipeline without the need for further processing.
Provocative changes in nerve conductions: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt times electrodiagnostic medical consultants (EMCs) are asked to perform studies in both a neutral position, and then again after the patient is in a provocative position that exacerbates symptoms, to assess for measurable electrophysiologic changes. While this approach might seem initially appealing, particularly when standard studies are not effective at diagnosis, empiric studies in several conditions have been unimpressive. Studies in median neuropathy at the wrist, thoracic outlet syndrome, piriformis syndrome, and radial tunnel syndrome have failed to demonstrate reproducible changes in nerve conduction studies in positions that exacerbate symptoms. Furthermore, there is lack of a plausible pathophysiologic mechanism for producing both measurable and rapidly reversible electrophysiologic changes after just a few minutes, or less, of compression. Axon loss and demyelination would not be rapidly reversible, and positional changes of 2 min or less (the durations generally studied) would be insufficient to produce measurable nerve ischemia. Last, we have gained a greater appreciation for how much nerves move within limbs with changes in joint position; this movement can lead to misleading changes in nerve conduction studies. It is thus appropriate to conclude that testing nerve conduction in provocative or symptomatic positions adds no value to electrodiagnostic testing.
Incorporation of view sharing and KWIC filtering into GRASP‐Pro improves spatial resolution of single‐shot, multi‐TI, late gadolinium enhancement MRI
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Shen Daming , Fan Lexiaozi , Hong Kyungpyo , Feng Li , Benefield Brandon C. , Allen Bradley D. , Lee Daniel C. , Kim Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile single‐shot late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is useful for imaging patients with arrhythmia and/or dyspnea, it produces low spatial resolution. One approach to improve spatial resolution is to accelerate data acquisition using compressed sensing (CS). Our previous work described a single‐shot, multi‐inversion time (TI) LGE pulse sequence using radial k‐space sampling and CS, but over‐regularization resulted in significant image blurring that muted the benefits of data acceleration. The purpose of the present study was to improve the spatial resolution of the single‐shot, multi‐TI LGE pulse sequence by incorporating view sharing (VS) and k‐space weighted contrast (KWIC) filtering into a GRASP‐Pro reconstruction. In 24 patients (mean age = 61 ± 16 years; 9/15 females/males), we compared the performance of our improved multi‐TI LGE and standard multi‐TI LGE, where clinical standard LGE was used as a reference. Two clinical raters independently graded multi‐TI images and clinical LGE images visually on a five‐point Likert scale (1, nondiagnostic; 3, clinically acceptable; 5, best) for three categories: the conspicuity of myocardium or scar, artifact, and noise. The summed visual score (SVS) was defined as the sum of the three scores. Myocardial scar volume was quantified using the full‐width at half‐maximum method. The SVS was not significantly different between clinical breath‐holding LGE (median 13.5, IQR 1.3) and multi‐TI LGE (median 12.5, IQR 1.6) (P = 0.068). The myocardial scar volumes measured from clinical standard LGE and multi‐TI LGE were strongly correlated (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.99) and in good agreement (mean difference = 0.11%, lower limit of the agreement = −2.13%, upper limit of the agreement = 2.34%). The inter‐rater agreement in myocardial scar volume quantification was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79). The incorporation of VS and KWIC into GRASP‐Pro improved spatial resolution. Our improved 25‐fold accelerated, single‐shot LGE sequence produces clinically acceptable image quality, multi‐TI reconstruction, and accurate myocardial scar volume quantification.
Molecular Engineering of Photosensitizers for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Yadagiri Bommaramoni , Kumar Kaliamurthy Ashok , Yoo Kicheon , Cheol Kang Hyeong , Ryu Junyeong , Kwaku Asiam Francis , Lee Jae‐Joon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a feasible alternative to traditional silicon‐based solar cells because of their low cost, eco‐friendliness, flexibility, and acceptable device efficiency. In recent years, solid‐state DSSCs (ss‐DSSCs) have garnered much interest as they can overcome the leakage and evaporation issues of liquid electrolyte systems. However, the poor morphology of solid electrolytes and their interface with photoanodes can minimize the device performance. The photosensitizer/dye is a critical component of ss‐DSSCs and plays a vital role in the device‘s overall performance. In this review, we summarize recent developments and performance of photosensitizers, including mono‐ and co‐sensitization of ruthenium, porphyrin, and metal‐free organic dyes under 1 sun and ambient/artificial light conditions. We also discuss the various requirements that efficient photosensitizers should satisfy and provide an overview of their historical development over the years.
Rheological percolation, gel‐like behavior and electrical conductivity of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes filled ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Razavi‐Nouri Mohammad , Salavati Masoud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReasonable studies on the composite systems containing conductive nanoparticles are very important to manufacture the materials with physico‐mechanical tailor‐made properties. In this work, rheological percolation, gel‐like behavior and electrical properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene copolymer blends containing 0–7 wt% MWCNTs were studied. The Winter‐Chambon criterion validity was evaluated for physical gelation of the system. The rheological and electrical percolation threshold, gel point (Pg), relaxation exponent (n), gel strength (Sg), and the fractal dimension (df) at the gel point were calculated. The formation of physical gel and rheological percolation threshold were both found to occur at 1 wt% MWCNTs concentration. Based on the df value determined, it was revealed that the system behaved similar to the one in which the excluded volume interactions were nearly screened. It was also found that the storage modulus (G′) near the Pg followed a power‐law scaling relationship in the form where is the distance from Pg. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increased with the increase in MWCNTs loading after the nanofillers content surpassed a certain value. A schematic model was proposed to demonstrate the variation of electrical conduction with the increase in MWCNTs concentration. The excluded volume and hard‐core models were also employed to estimate the average aspect ratio of the nanofillers embedded in the system.Highlights
Morphology and gel‐like behavior of EVA/NBR/MWCNTs system were studied
Winter‐Chambon criterion was found to be valid for the gelation of the system
Rheological percolation and gel point were occurred at the same MWCNTs loading
It was found excluded volume interactions were nearly screened at gel point
A schematic model for microstructure development was suggested for the system
Comprehensive analysis of 3D printed PA6.6 and fiber‐reinforced variants: Revealing mechanical properties and adhesive wear behavior
Authors: Yilmaz Sinan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile 3‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is advancing rapidly, commonly used filament materials are struggling to meet growing expectations. Polyamide (PA) is a material with high potential to replace commonly used low‐performance filament materials, thanks to its cost‐effectiveness and optimal material properties compared to advanced engineering materials. To explore this potential, the thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties (at different temperatures), as well as the wear characteristics, of PA, short carbon fiber reinforced‐PA (SCFR‐PA), and short glass fiber reinforced‐PA (SGFR‐PA) filaments were comparatively examined in this study. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMA), uniaxial tensile tests, and Shore D hardness tests were conducted on the 3D printed specimens. The yield strength decreased by 48% and 73%, respectively, for neat PA as compared to room temperature when tested at 40 °C and 60 °C, while for SCFR‐PA, it decreased by 40% and 60%, and for SGFR‐PA, it decreased by 33% and 48%, respectively. The findings obtained from wear tests conducted on both bottom and top surfaces have demonstrated that glass reinforcement yields better results than carbon reinforcement. The experimental findings have been compared with SEM images, revealing their consistency.Highlights
This study focuses on the performance evaluation of 3D printed PA and its composites.
The mechanical properties of the materials at different temperatures were compared.
Adhesive wear behavior is not directly related to fiber type, wear surface or hardness.
Morphological analysis was conducted to elucidate the influence of fiber type on mechanical properties and wear behavior.
Research on the dentification of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium using catalysed hairpin assembly technology
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Jun , Fan Xin‐Yuan , Li Ying , Zhou Xin‐Chen , Zhang Zhuo , Dong Shu‐Han , Shen Ming‐Mei , Liu Mo‐Yi , Wang Ming‐Hui , Wang He‐Lin , Xia Wei , Liu Li‐Mei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPanax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium are traditional Chinese herb medicines and similar in morphology and some chemical components but differ in drug properties, so they cannot be mixed. However, the processed products of them are often sold in the form of slices, powder, and capsules, which are difficult to identify by traditional morphological methods. Furthermore, an accurate evaluation of P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium and the processed products have not been conducted.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a catalysed hairpin assembly (CHA) identification method for authenticating products made from P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences.MethodBy analysing the differences of SNP in internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) in P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium to design CHA‐specific hairpins. Establish a sensitive and efficient CHA method that can identify P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium, use the sequencing technology to verify the accuracy of this method in identifying Panax products, and compare this method with high‐resolution melting (HRM).ResultsThe reaction conditions of CHA were as follows: the ratio of forward and reverse primers, 20:1; hairpin concentration, 5 ng/μL. Compared with capillary electrophoresis, this method had good specificity and the limit of detection was 0.5 ng/μL. The result of Panax product identification with CHA method were coincidence with that of the sequencing method; the positive rate of CHA reaction was 100%.ConclusionThis research presents an effective identification method for authenticating P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium products, which is helpful to improve the quality of Panax products.
Diels–Alder cycloadditions of fullerene: Advances in mechanistic theory
Authors: Jiao Hong‐Yan , Li Chun‐Xiang , He Jun‐Ru , Peng Jia‐Li , Jia Pei‐Ke , Xie Bin‐Bin , Cui Cheng‐Xing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFullerene exhibits a wealth of interesting characteristics owing to its unique π‐electron configuration. The structure and properties of fullerene can be manipulated by introducing chemical groups to the carbon–carbon bonds via organic reactions, extending its application field. The Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition reaction is commonly used to decorate the carbon cage of fullerene. Furthermore, atoms, ions, clusters, and molecules can be inserted into the hollow carbon cage of a fullerene, thereby changing the electron transfer process within the fullerene cage and thus the reactivity of the as well as the regioselectivity of the DA cycloaddition reaction. Computer‐based theoretical modeling is an essential tool for studying chemistry. Herein, we provide a brief review of theoretical investigations into the cycloaddition mechanism of two most common fullerenes (C60 and C70), especially in terms of the effects of encapsulated chemical species based on the distortion–interaction model. We hope that the current mini review will provide a useful and interesting resource for researchers working on—or simply being interested in—the in silico investigation of fullerenes and their DA‐based modification.
Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium species, chemical profile and their efficacy for management of Fusarium‐root rot disease in dry bean
Authors: Elshahawy Ibrahim Elsaid , Marrez Diaa Attia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiseases caused by Fusarium pathogens lead to significant yield losses on many economically important crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic capability and chemical profile of the bioagent Trichoderma asperellum against several Fusarium strains. The efficacy of this strain in reducing Fusarium‐root rot disease in dry bean was also examined.RESULTSThe T. asperellum strain was identified based on sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and tef1 gen regions of ribosomal DNA. Dual cultural assay demonstrated their antagonistic activity against the studied Fusarium strains due to the probable combination of competition, mycoparasitism and antibiosis. This strain was positive for cellulase, chitinase and protease activity. The crude extracts of T. asperellum significantly suppressed the growth of the tested Fusarium strains with inhibition zone values ranging from 7.3 to 19.7 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.15 to 1.42 mg mL−1. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of cell free supernatant and mycelial biomass of T. asperellum showed the presence of 27 and 21 compounds, respectively. The main compounds responsible for the bioactivity were butylated hydroxytoluene, hexadecanoic acid, 9‐octadecenoic acid, ergosterol and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Trichoderma asperellum significantly increased plant emergence and reduced root rot caused by Fusarium solani in dry bean grown under glasshouse and field trials. Further, plant biomass and dry bean yield were higher in T. asperellum‐treated plants than in control plants.CONCLUSIONTrichoderma asperellum was highly effective, through various mechanisms, against Fusarium strains especially F. solani which causes root rot in dry bean. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quercetin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor to improve intestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Xie Xuting , Li Yanyang , Xie Xueqian , Huang Shaowei , Pan Simin , Zou Yanling , Pan Zengfeng , Wang Qing , Chen Jinyan , Zhou Lian , Luo Xia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis is largely associated with intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. A therapeutic approach to UC involves the repair of damaged intestinal barrier. Our study aimed to investigate whether aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated the intestinal barrier repair effects of quercetin to ameliorate UC. 3% dextran sulfate sodium was used to induce colitic mice, and quercetin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 10 days to assess the therapeutic effects. In vitro, Caco‐2 cells were used to explore the effect of quercetin on tight junction protein expression and AhR activation. The results showed that quercetin alleviated colitic mice by restoring tight junctions (TJs) integrity via an AhR‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). In vitro, quercetin dose‐dependently elevated the expressions of TJs protein ZO‐1 and Claudin1, and activated AhR by enhancing the expression of CYP1A1 and facilitating AhR nuclear translocation in Caco‐2 cells (p < 0.05). While AhR antagonist CH223191 reversed the therapeutic effects of quercetin (p < 0.05) and blocked quercetin‐induced AhR activation and enhancement of TJs protein (p < 0.05). In conclusion, quercetin repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction by activating AhR‐mediated enhancement of TJs to alleviate UC. Our research offered new perspectives on how quercetin enhanced intestinal barrier function.
Adaptive control for a class of high‐order nonlinear parameterized systems with multiple unknown control directions by switching linear controllers
Authors: Hu Yating , Ma Ruicheng , Fu Jun 
Published: October 2023

SummaryIn this paper, the adaptive control is investigated by switching linear controllers for a class of nonlinear parameterized systems with multiple unknown control directions. Parametric uncertainties entering the state equations nonlinearly can be fast time‐varying or jumping at unknown time instants, the bounds of the parametric uncertainties are not required to know a priori and the multiple control directions are unknown. Our proposed adaptive controller is a switching type controller. First, sufficient conditions for designing an adaptive stabilizer are derived. Then, a switching‐type adaptive controller is designed, in which a linear controller with two undetermined design parameters to be tuned is recursively designed by adding a power integrator, and a switching mechanism is proposed to tune these parameters online for compensating the multiple unknown control directions and the unknown bounds of the parametric uncertainties. The undetermined design parameters are based on the upper bound estimation of the unknown parameters existing not only in the nonlinear functions but also in the control directions functions. The proposed adaptive controller globally asymptotically stabilizes the system in the sense that, for any initial conditions, the state converges to the origin while all the signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Using web GIS to promote stakeholder understanding of scientific results in sustainable urban development: A case study in Bergen, Norway
Authors: Miles Victoria , Esau Igor , Pettersson Lasse 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper highlights the importance of improving stakeholder understanding of environmental factors such as air quality and the urban heat island effect to achieve sustainable development goals. While accurate spatial and temporal environmental data are critical for sustainable solutions, the challenge lies in translating complex environmental information for non‐specialists. To solve this problem, we propose using web GIS storytelling as a powerful tool for communicating and disseminating information about the environment. This paper aims to show example of implementation of a web‐based geographic information system (GIS) on our case study in Bergen, Norway. This platform “Web GIS Bergen, air quality and thermal comfort” was created as an open portal. This document explains the components of the platform, their rationale, and implementation, which includes important steps. They involve the collection of relevant environmental data, including modeling results and remote sensing data. Futhermore, the design and interface of the platform has been carefully considered to provide a user‐friendly experience based on interactive maps and storytelling. Combining data visualization and storytelling, the platform promotes a comprehensive understanding of complex environmental data, including “invisible killers” such as air pollution and the urban heat island effect, which significantly affect sustainable development. The strategic integration of this web‐based GIS platform in Bergen can serve as an attractive model for other urban areas looking for practical tools for sustainable development, engaging stakeholders for a healthier and more sustainable urban future.