bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subendometrial–myometrial contractility in conception and non‐conception embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Narayan R. , Goswamy R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study describes the characteristics of subendometrial–myometrial contractions seen on transvaginal sonography on the day of embryo transfer in assisted conception cycles and their significance for pregnancy outcome.A total of 112 cycles were studied where three embryos with minimal or no fragmentation were transferred. Transvaginal sonography was performed just prior to embryo transfer. A sagittal view of the uterine cavity was obtained and the ultrasound probe was held steady for 2 min. The video recorded image was analyzed at normal, three and five times normal speed. The frequency (contractions/min), direction (fundally or cervically directed) and length (entire cavity or localized) of contractions were noted. Conception and non‐conception cycles were compared by determining the standard error of difference between means and proportions and the confidence intervals.The mean frequencies of contractions in the conception and non‐conception cycles were 2.09 (SD = 0.8) and 1.92 (SD = 0.85), respectively. A total of 57.6% of cycles in the conception group and 46% in the non‐conception group had contractions directed towards the cervix. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in any of the parameters studied. However, when frozen embryo replacement cycles (n = 40) were studied separately, the incidences of fundally directed contractions were 28.6% and 66.7% in conception and non‐conception cycles, respectively. This was statistically significant. Comparison of cycles resulting in miscarriage with those leading to pregnancies beyond 16 weeks revealed no statistical difference in the characteristics of the contractions.We concluded that subendometrial–myometrial contractions studied on the day of embryo transfer (luteal day 2) do not predict the outcome in in vitro fertilization cycles. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler studies of the fetal circulation in twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Hecher K. , Ville Y. , Snijders R. , Nicolaides K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study investigated the circulatory profile of the donor and recipient fetuses in 20 pregnancies with twin–twin transfusion syndrome presenting with acute polyhydramnios at 17–27 (mean, 22) weeks' gestation. Doppler investigations of the arterial vessels and ductus venosus, inferior vena cava, right hepatic vein, tricuspid and mitral ventricular inflow were performed in both fetuses. Mean values of most blood flow velocities on the venous side showed a significant decrease in both groups of fetuses, and a significant increase in mean values for indices describing waveform pulsatility was found in all three venous vessels in the group of recipients, whereas in the donor group this was only the case in the ductus venosus. Mean values of atrioventricular flow velocities showed a significant decrease in the donor group. The most significant findings on the arterial side were an increased mean umbilical artery pulsatility index and a decreased mean value for aortic blood flow velocity in both groups of fetuses. Five recipients and four donors had absence or reversal of blood flow during atrial contraction in the ductus venosus. All these fetuses showed pulsations in the umbilical vein. Tricuspid regurgitation was present in eight recipients. Absence or reversal of end‐diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery was found in four donors. The recipient's circulation showed the characteristics of congestive heart failure due to hypervolemia. The significant decrease of diastolic venous blood flow velocities is compatible with increased end‐diastolic ventricular pressure. Alterations in the donor's circulation are consistent with decreased venous return due to hypovolemia and increased cardiac afterload due to increased placental resistance. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First clinical experience with sonicated human serum albumin (Albunex®) as an intrafallopian ultrasound contrast medium
Authors: Holte J. , Rasmussen C. , Morris H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe safety and preliminary efficacy of a new ultrasound contrast medium. Albunex® for evaluating Fallopian tube patency during transvaginal sonography were studied in seven women. All of the women had sought medical attention because of uterine fibroids and excessive menstrual bleeding and were scheduled for a subsequent hysterosalpingectomy 3 weeks after the ultrasound examination. Albunex was injected transcervically in doses ranging from 0.5 to 9 ml, alternating with saline, during concomitant transvaginal ultrasound scanning. There were no serious adverse reactions. Peroperative macroscopic and postoperative microscopic investigations of the endometrium, Fallopian tubes and peritoneal biopsies revealed no pathological changes. Agreement between hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) and postoperative testing for the evaluation of tubalpatency was observed in 12 out of 14 Fallopian tubes. These findings suggest that Albunex may safely be used as an intrafallopian contrast medium in ultrasound investigations. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Differential diagnosis of mammary tumors with vocal fremitus in sonography: preliminary report
Authors: Sohn C. , Baudendistel A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring sonographic examinations using the new color Doppler technique, maximum‐entropy method (MEM), it was discovered, by chance, that artefacts which are produced by vibrations of the thorax can be used to differentiate between malignant and benign breast lesions. These artefacts, in the form of small color pixels, can either be brought about by vocal fremitus known from internal medicine or by humming in a low tone.In the case of malignant tumors, the color pixels are visible in the middle of the sonographically portrayed tumor as well as in the surrounding tissue, whereas in benign tumors the artefacts are only found in the surrounding tissue and are quite clearly not present in the center of the tumor.On the preoperative day, 95 patients with 46 benign and 49 malignant lesions were examined using the method described above. In 91% the differential diagnosis was in accordance with the histological results. In seven cases a benign lesion was classified before the operation as malignant and in two cases malignancy was incorrectly diagnosed as benign.Our explanation of the phenomenon is based on the fact that most benign tumors exhibit a restricted growth and form a clear‐cut boundary with the surrounding tissue, so the vibrations are not conducted into the tumor. In contrast, malignant lesions grow by infiltrating the surrounding tissue, allowing the vibrations to be conducted into the tumor, where they can be demonstrated as small color pixels. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Reproducibility of the amniotic fluid index: its effect on clinical practice
Authors: Chang T. C. , Yeo S. H. , Huang H. F. , Leng J. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo methods of measuring the amniotic fluid index (AFI) were subjected to tests of intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility. In the first method, amniotic fluid in each quadrant was measured by using the deepest pool perpendicular to the floor; in the second method, amniotic fluid in each quadrant was measured by using the deepest pool perpendicular to the uterine contour. Intraobserver and interobserver variability were assessed by using one‐way analysis of variance and limits of agreement, respectively. Intraobserver standard deviations were all < 9 mm. When the AFI was measured using the first method, there was an inverse relationship between the interobserver difference and mean values of AFI. Plots of the differences between observers against their means showed that the lower the AFI, the greater the interobserver variability. No such correlation was noted when the AFI was measured by the second method. The limits of agreement (within which 95% of interobserver differences lie) were comparable for the two methods [(−42 mm to 29.4 mm) and (−46.4 mm to 41.6 mm), respectively]. The results suggest that the amniotic fluid index measured by the second method is more reproducible, especially in the presence of reduced amniotic fluid. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Detection of abnormal intrauterine vascularization by color Doppler imaging: a possible additional aid for the follow up of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Zanetta G. , Lissoni A. , Colombo M. , Marzola M. , Cappellini A. , Mangioni C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUterine morphology assessed by transvaginal ultrasound and the hemodynamics of intratumoral vessels assessed by color Doppler ultrasound were prospectively correlated with the clinical outcome of 25 patients with trophoblastic tumors. Twenty patients were followed without treatment (observation group) and 16 achieved complete local resolution. The four subjects with local persistence were combined with five patients referred from other institutions and received chemotherapy (treatment group).In the observation group both techniques had 100% accuracy in predicting local resolution or local persistence. Persistence was predicted 1–3 weeks before the increase of β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels, whereas resolution was observed up to 8 weeks before the disappearance of β‐hCG. In one patient normal uterine morphology and vascularization in the presence of elevated hCG levels was associated with extrauterine spread. In the treatment group, normal uterine ultrasound morphology and negative color Doppler results had 100% negative predictive value. False‐positive results were observed in two cases.We conclude that ultrasound evidence of abnormal uterine morphology or persistent vascularization on color Doppler examination with persistent hCG levels is indicative of local persistence. Normal uterine morphology with negative color Doppler results may be associated with extrauterine spread. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa presenting as amniotic band. ‘A not so innocent amniotic band’
Authors: Clerici G. , Burnelli L. , Lauro V. , Pilu G. L. , Di Renzo G. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a case in which the early antepartum diagnosis of vasa previa was made in an asymptomatic patient by means of color Doppler ultrasonography. A woman, gravida 3 para 1 at 22 weeks' gestation, was diagnosed as having an anterior low‐lying placenta, a velamentous cord insertion and an amniotic band with vessels traversing the internal cervical os towards a succenturiate lobe. At the 39th week, a Cesarean section was performed and a healthy female baby was born. Transvaginal color Doppler flow imaging facilitated the accurate diagnosis of this condition. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Outcome of singleton pregnancies with severe oligohydramnios in the second and third trimesters
Authors: Shipp T. D. , Bromley B. , Pauker S. , Frigoletto F. D. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe evaluated the significance of severe oligohydramnios, or anhydramnios, in the second and third trimesters, by determining the range of etiologies as well as the differences in fetal and neonatal outcome. All prenatal ultrasound results on pregnancies found to have severe oligohydramnios over a 75‐year period at 13–42 weeks' gestation were retrospectively collected. Follow‐up results were obtained from review of medical records, autopsies and pathology reports. A total of 2.50 singleton pregnancies met the criteria of having severe oligohydramnios. A bimodal distribution in gestational age at diagnosis was seen, with more cases diagnosed at 13–21 weeks and at 34–42 weeks. Fetal abnormalities were present in 50.7% of those diagnosed with severe oligohydramnios in the second trimester and in 22.1% of those in the third trimester. There were 10.2% and 85.3% survivors when severe oligohydramnios was diagnosed in the second and third trimesters, respectively. The rate of aneuploidy was at least 4.4% for the entire singleton population. A bimodal distribution of pregnancies presenting with severe oligohydramnios represents two different naturally occurring populations in (terms of both etiology and prognosis. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Placental lakes, absent umbilical artery diastolic flow and poor fetal growth in early pregnancy
Authors: Jauniaux E. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUteroplacental insufficiency is a common cause of intrauterine growth retardation in the third trimester of pregnancy. We report a case in which placental vascular lesions, absent end‐diastolic frequencies in the umbilical artery and high maternal serum levels of α‐fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin were observed from the beginning of the second trimester in a patient with a history of recurrent first‐ and second‐trimester miscarriages. Fetal growth started to slow down from 14 weeks of gestation and no end‐diastolic phase was found in the umbilical artery until 18 weeks of gestation, when the pregnancy was terminated. In apparently healthy women with or without a history of fetal death during the first half of pregnancy, the discovery of placental vascular lesions together with a high resistance to blood flow in the umbilical circulation should prompt early antepartum surveillance. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome in a methadone user: review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Daly C. A. , Freeman J. , Weston W. , Kovar I. , Phelan M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a case and review of the literature of an amniotic band causing malformation in the distal forearm in a baby born to a methadone‐dependent mother. This diagnosis was made prenatally at the routine 18–20‐week gestation anomaly ultrasound scan. Histology of the amniotic band postpartum revealed hair shafts within its structure. This has not previously been documented, nor has an association of this syndrome with systematic abuse of methadone. The fact that this anomaly could be detected by prenatal ultrasound scanning is of value in the counselling of high‐risk pregnancies such as this. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Nuchal translucency measurement: training of potential examiners
Authors: Braithwaite J. M. , Kadir R. A. , Pepera T. A. , Morris R. W. , Thompson P. J. , Economides D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess a training regimen for nuchal translucency measurement by transabdominal (TAS) and transvaginal sonography (TVS). After initial instruction regarding the criteria for correct nuchal translucency measurement, trainees (A and B) and an experienced examiner (C) performed nuchal translucency measurements on fetuses of 10–13 weeks' gestation, and the trainees' ability to obtain a measurement, repeatability and levels of agreement were assessed. In addition, a further experienced examiner (D) performed nuchal translucency measurements to validate the training regimen.Examiner C obtained nuchal translucency measurements in 94% by TAS, 93% by TVS and 100% by a combination of both scan modes. The repeatability coefficient was 0.40 mm and 0.24 mm for TAS and TVS, respectively. Trainees A and B were considered trained after 80 and 100 scans with TAS and TVS, respectively. They were considered trained when they could consistently obtain measurements that were of comparable repeatability and comparable levels of agreement with those of examiner C. The trainees' difficulties with TAS were in achieving satisfactory repeatability and levels of agreement, but with TVS it was ability in obtaining a measurement. We propose the training methods, standards and criteria used in this study as the basis for training sonographers in nuchal translucency measurements. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Uterine and umbilical circulation during the oxytocin challenge test
Authors: Olofsson P. , Thuring‐Jönsson A. , Marsál K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOur objective was to study uterine and umbilical artery flow resistance during the oxytocin challenge test (OCT). The study population was 21 women with suspected placental insufficiency; one woman was excluded because of a positive OCT with reactive fetal heart rate pattern. We carried out simultaneous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring and Doppler velocimetry of uterine and umbilical artery flow during the OCT.The uterine artery flow resistance increased significantly during contractions in both OCT‐positive (n = 5) and OCT‐negative (n = 15) cases compared with basal values, but the increase was significantly higher in positive cases. The umbilical artery flow resistance increased significantly during contractions in OCT‐positive cases, but was almost unchanged in negative cases. During uterine inactivity, there were no differences between the groups for any vessel.This study showed that fetal heart rate decelerations during the OCT are associated with rapid and exaggerated increases of vascular resistance in both uterine and umbilical arteries. The causal relationship is unknown, but the findings indicate pathophysiological, mechanisms revealed only during uterine contractions. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler velocimetry of the uterine and fetal circulations during prostaglandin E2, cervical ripening
Authors: Rotmensch S. , Liberati M. , Celentano C. , Bellati U. , Tiboni G. M. , Ben‐Rafael Z. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate flow characteristics of the maternal uterine and fetal umbilical and middle cerebral arteries following intracervical administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Doppler velocimetry of uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries was performed immediately before and 2 h after PGE2 administration in 28 women with uncomplicated post‐term pregnancy and an unfavorable cervix. Placental position was determined in all cases. When all patients were considered jointly, regardless of placental position, the mean uterine artery resistance index (RI) values were 0.41 ± 0.07 before and 0.48 ± 0.13 2 h after PGE2 administration (p < 0.05). When patients with lateral placentas (n = 20) were analyzed separately, only the non‐placental uterine artery showed a significant increase 2 h after PGE2 administration, whereas no significant differences were found in the placental uterine artery. No changes were observed in uterine RI values of patients with central placentas. No significant differences were observed for umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery before and after PGE2 administration. It is concluded that intracervical PGE2 administration increases uteroplacental resistance but probably does not substantially affect placental perfusion; that the umbilical circulation is not affected; and that there were no signs of redistribution of fetal blood flow. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cardiotocogram compared to Doppler investigation of the fetal circulation in the premature growth‐retarded fetus: longitudinal observations
Authors: Hecher K. , Hackelöer B.‐J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIt was our objective to compare computerized fetal heart rate analysis with blood flow velocity waveform analysis of the arterial and venous fetal circulation in intrauterine growth retardation. We report five illustrative cases with longitudinal observations of fetal Doppler findings and fetal heart rate between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. Blood flow waveforms were recorded from the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, descending aorta, ductus venosus and inferior vena cava. Fetal heart rate was analyzed by a computer system according to the Dawes‐Redman criteria.The time sequence of deterioration is described individually for each fetus. An abrupt increase in pulsatility of ductus venosus waveforms with loss of forward flow velocity during atria1 contraction preceded abnormally low short‐term variation of fetal heart rate. With advanced gestational age and concomitant maternal disease, we observed severe alterations of flow velocity waveforms within 12 h of normal Doppler measurements, which is in contrast to findings in the second trimester, in which severely abnormal venous waveforms were observed over a period of several weeks before intrauterine death occurred. In a fetus with terminally low short‐term variation, normal venous waveforms indicated fetal well‐being despite an abnormal cardiotocogram (CTG).We challenge the current concept that the CTG is the best available parameter to determhe the optimal time for elective delivery of premature growt b‐retarded fetuses. De‐terioration in ductus venosus blood flow seems to precede an abnormal CTG and thus heralds the need for delivery. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonodynamic changes after transcatheter arterial embolization in a vaginal hemangioma: case report
Authors: Emoto M. , Tamura R. , Izumi H. , Sukimoto S. , Kawarabayashi T. , Shirakawa K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 36‐year‐old pregnant woman with a rapidly growing hemangioma in the vagina was treated by transcatheter arterial embolization after delivery. Blood flow characteristics within the tumor were evaluated using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound both before and after the embolization. The vascular resistance in the tumor vessels within the vaginal hemangioma was observed to be significantly decreased; the tumor reduced in volume following this non‐surgical treatment. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Amniotic fluid index in twin gestation
Authors: Gerson A. , Free S. M. , Russino J. , Maenner G. , Weitz G. , Young L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was performed to describe a methodology for a two‐pocket amniotic fluid index (AFI) for each fetus of a twin gestation. Data included 216 pairs of measurements that were analyzed to yield regressions (curves) for all observations, as well as for the larger and smaller AFI of each observation on a particular set of twins. The twin AFI increased non‐linearly until week 27. From week 27 to week 36, decreasing linear trends were found. Measures of intrasonographer, intersonographer, within‐mother and between‐mothers variation are reported. The estimates of variation were used to plot confidence limits for all three curves. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Antenatal intestinal vascular accident with subsequent small bowel atresia: case report
Authors: Kimber C. P. , MacMahon R. A. , Shekleton P. , Yardley R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA woman was referred at 2.5 weeks' gestation with decreased fetal movements. Ultrasound revealed a large solid fetal abdominal mass and gross fetal ascites. Amniocentesis and viral titers were normal. On subsequent ultrasound examinations, the mass and ascites slowly disappeared, but a small bowel obstruction developed.Spontaneous labor occurred at 3.5 weeks and the child was born with a distended abdomen. At laparotomy there was type 3 jejunal atresia, indicating that the fetal mass and ascites were secondary to this antenatal small bowel iscbemia. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology