bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein and the cytoskeletal dynamics of dendritic cells
Authors: Calle Yolanda , Chou Hsiu‐chuan , Thrasher Adrian J , Jones Gareth E 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe regulated migration and spatial localization of dendritic cells in response to environmental signals are critical events during the initiation of physiological immune responses and maintenance of tolerance. Cells deficient in the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) have been used to demonstrate the importance of the dynamic remodelling of the actin‐based cytoskeleton during the selective adhesion and migration of these cells. Unlike most cell types, macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts utilize a specialized adhesive array termed the podosome in order to migrate. Podosomes are composed of many of the same structural and regulatory proteins as seen in the more commonly found focal adhesion, but are unique in their requirement for WASP. Without WASP, podosomes cannot form and the affected cells are obliged to use focal adhesions for their migratory activities. Once activated by a series of upstream regulatory proteins, WASP acts as a scaffold for the binding of the potent actin nucleating protein complex known as Arp2/3. This article reviews the available evidence that suggests that failures in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton may contribute significantly to the immunopathology of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method to predict triaxial residual stresses in plastic pipes
Authors: Guan Z. W. , Boot J. C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSignificant hoop and longitudinal stresses are present in medium‐density polyethylene (MDPE) pipe, arising from differential cooling from the inner and the outer surfaces of a pipe during production. Owing to the difficulty of directly measuring deformations, these stresses have hitherto been almost exclusively estimated indirectly from deflection measurements on large samples cut from the pipe wall. Furthermore, because of procedural problems, only uniaxial hoop or longitudinal stresses are normally attempted, and these are known to be specimen size–dependent. Similar problems are experienced with other polymeric pipes. In this paper, based on direct biaxial strain measurements on small samples cut from the pipe wall, a method to predict triaxial residual stress distributions through the pipe wall is presented. Thermal effects that generate residual stresses in plastic pipe were considered in the theory. The analytical solutions satisfy the self‐equilibrating conditions for both the hoop and the longitudinal stresses. Also, the radial stress is shown to be insignificant through the wall thickness of a mildly thick pipe. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1828–1838, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Thermal properties and crystallization behavior of polyolefin ternary blends
Authors: Ha Man Ho , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCrystallization behaviors, spherulite growth and structure, and the crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐α‐olefln copolymer (mPE)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) ternary blends and of mPE/HDPE binary blends have been studied using polarizing optical micrography (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In mPE/HDPE blends, large pendant groups of mPE disturbed spherulite growth of HDPE, leading to a different crystallite morphology and isothermal kinetics. Non‐isothermal properties, morphology, and isothermal crystallization kinetics of PP in ternary blends were significantly influenced by the composition and crystallization behavior of the mPE/HDPE binary blends as well as the crystallization condition. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1858–1865, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Cold forging method for polymer microfabrication
Authors: Yao Donggang , Nagarajan Pratapkumar 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA polymer micro cold forging process was investigated. This method, derived from polymer solid‐phase forming, resembles more the metal‐forging method than the standard thermoplastic molding protocol. A micro‐forging die set was designed and fabricated and a series of cold forging experiments were carried out with varied process conditions, including forging speed, forging pressure, and dwell time. High‐aspect‐ratio microchannels were fabricated on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates. The dimension of replicated channels was found to be consistent from shot to shot. Owing to instantaneous elastic recovery, the channel has a width about 30% smaller than that on the die. The final channel size is contingent upon the forging process conditions, as well as upon the post‐recovery process. Upsetting experiments of PTFE cylindrical samples were carried out to study the fundamental issues on dimensional recovery so as to predict and consequently control the dimensional changes in polymer cold forging. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1998–2004, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Kinetics and modeling of the diffusion‐controlled diallyl terephthalate polymerization
Authors: Hace Iztok , Golob Janvit , Krajnc Matjaž 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFree radical polymerization kinetics of diallyl terephthalate in bulk was investigated in a wide temperature range from 50°C to 150°C with four different peroxide initiators. Conversion points were measured using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements. The initiator efficiencies and the initiator decomposition rate constants were evaluated from special experiments, applying the theory of dead end polymerization. In addition, the ratios between the degradative and the effective kinetic rate constants to propagation rate constants were obtained from molecular weight measurements at various initiator concentrations. The ratio of chemically controlled termination and propagation rate constant k/ktc of the polymerization system was obtained using the initial rates of polymerization and the number average molecular weight data between 0.25 · 10−3 and 15.7 · 10−3 L mol−1 s−1. The glass transition temperature of the polymer, 191°C, was measured by the Alternating Differential Scanning Calorimetry (ADSC) technique. Computed conversions from the developed kinetic model were in good agreement with the conversion and molecular weight measured data. The values of diffusion controlled propagation and termination rate constants ktd0 and kpd0 with clear and physical meaning were the only two parameters obtained from the developed kinetic model fitting. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2005–2018, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Facile synthesis and crosslinking reaction of trifunctional five‐membered cyclic carbonate and dithiocarbonate
Authors: Suzuki Akane , Nagai Daisuke , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe trifunctional five‐membered cyclic carbonate 2 and dithiocarbonate 3 were successfully synthesized by the reaction of trifunctional epoxide 1 with carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide, respectively. The crosslinking reactions of 2 with p‐xylylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine were carried out in dimethyl sulfoxide at 100 °C for 48 h to produce the corresponding crosslinked poly(hydroxyurethane)s quantitatively. The crosslinking reactions of 3 with both p‐xylylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine, followed by acetylation of thiol moiety, produced the corresponding crosslinked poly(thioester–thiourethane)s quantitatively. The obtained crosslinked poly(hydroxyurethane)s were thermally more stable than the analogous crosslinked poly(thioester–thiourethane)s, probably because of less thermal stability of thiourethane moiety than hydroxyurethane moiety. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5983–5989, 2004
Novel positive‐working and aqueous‐base‐developable photosensitive poly(imide benzoxazole) precursor
Authors: Lien‐Chung Hsu Steve , Chen Hui‐Tzu , Tsai Shih‐Jung 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA novel positive‐working and aqueous‐base‐developable photosensitive poly(imide benzoxazole) precursor based on a poly(amic acid hydroxyamide) bearing phenolic hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acid groups, a diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) photosensitive compound, and a solvent was developed. Poly(amic acid hydroxyamide) was prepared through the polymerization of 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, trimellitic anhydride chloride, and 4,4′‐oxydibenzoyl chloride. Subsequently, the thermal cyclization of the poly(amic acid hydroxyamide) precursor at 350 °C produced the corresponding poly(imide benzoxazole). The inherent viscosity of the precursor polymer was 0.17 dL/g. The cyclized poly(imide benzoxazole) showed a high glass‐transition temperature of 372 °C and 5% weight loss temperatures of 535 °C in nitrogen and 509 °C in air. The structures of the precursor polymer and the fully cyclized polymer were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR. The photosensitive polyimide precursor containing 25 wt % DNQ photoactive compound showed a sensitivity of 256 mJ/cm2 and a contrast of 1.14 in a 3‐μm film with a 0.6 wt % tetramethylammonium hydroxide developer. A pattern with a resolution of 5 μm was obtained from this composition. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5990–5998, 2004
Vereinfachter Nachweis für I‐ und U‐Träger – beansprucht durch doppelte Biegung und Torsion
Authors: Lindner Joachim , Glitsch Torsten 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVereinfachte Nachweise für Bauteile in Form von Interaktionsgleichungen sind nach wie vor beliebt. Die in DIN 18800‐2 und EN 1993‐1‐1 vorgesehenen, die auch die plastischen Reserven von Querschnitten ausnutzen, schließen den Fall der planmäßigen Torsion bisher aus. Die Frage der Erfassung der planmäßigen Torsion wurde in einem Forschungsvorhaben behandelt, das an der RWTH Aachen, der RU Bochum und der TU Berlin durchgeführt wurde. Dabei wurden insgesamt 71 Großversuche und zusätzliche FEM‐Berechnungen durchgeführt, die es als “rechnerische” Versuche erlauben, das untersuchte Parameterfeld stark zu vergrößern. Hier wird über die an der TU Berlin durchgeführten Versuche berichtet, die Vergleichsrechnungen werden beschrieben, und die Ableitung einer Interaktionsgleichung mit den zugehörigen Interaktionsfaktoren wird erläutert. Die Anwendung wird durch Beispiele gezeigt. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hangars für Flugzeuge
Authors: Müller‐Donges Rainer , Steinmann Ralf 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDer folgende Artikel spannt den Bogen vom Nutzungskonzept über die erforderlichen Tragelemente bis zu den vielfältigen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten eines individuellen Hangars und erläutert dies anhand von Beispielen.“Die Stärke einer guten Tragstruktur ist das Resultat einfacher Gedankengänge, wobei ‘einfach’ nicht ‘primitiv’ heißt.” [Schulitz – 1989]
Wiederaufbau der Sloboda‐Brücke Novi Sad
Authors: Emge Alfons , Minas Frank 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDie Sloboda Brücke in Novi Sad war zum Zeitpunkt der Planung eine der weltweit größten Schrägseilbrücken mit einer freien Spannweite von 351 m zwischen den Pylonen und einer Seilebene.Anfang April 1999 wurde sie bei einem NATO‐Luftangriff von zwei Thomahawks jeweils am Pylonfußpunkt getroffen und dabei teilweise zerstört. Da die zerstörte Brücke eine der größten internationalen Wasserstraßen Europas gesperrt hat, bestand die dringende Notwendigkeit, die Brücke aus der Donau zu räumen und wieder aufzubauen, um den ungehinderten Schiffsverkehr zu ermöglichen.
Vom Stahlbauer zum Generalunternehmer
Authors: Goldbeck Ortwin 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDiese Überschrift macht bereits den Wandel deutlich, der mit einer ungeheuren Dynamik alle Firmen, alle Branchen, ja die ganze Wirtschaft herausfordert. Und auch unsere Branche, die Baubranche, oder noch enger gesehen, der Stahlbau, muß nicht nur mit konjunkturellen Anpassungen, sondern auch mit grundsätzlichen strukturellen Veränderungen fertig werden.Es soll weder eine volkswirtschaftliche, wissenschaftliche Analyse zur Bewältigung des Strukturwandels gegeben werden noch ein Maßnahmenkatalog eines Unternehmensberaters formuliert werden, sondern Gedanken und Überlegungen vorgestellt werden, die ein mittelständischer Unternehmer anstellt, um das eigene Unternehmen zukunftsfähig zu machen.
Reaktionen von Nitrilen mit tBuAsLi2
Authors: Iravani Effat , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMit α‐aciden Nitrilen wie dem Malonsäuredinitril reagiert tBuAsLi2in THF/TMEDA unter Deprotonierung und Bildung des Koordinationspolymeren [{Li(TMEDA}{HC(CN)2}]n (1). Mit dem dazu relativ basenstabilen PhCN erfolgt unter Aromatisierung der Aufbau eines Diazaarsolids, koordiniert im Salz [Li(Diglyme)2][Li(TMEDA){As[NC(Ph)NC(Ph)]}2] (2). 1 und 2 wurden mittels NMR‐ und Schwingungsspektroskopie, Massenspektrometrie sowie Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. Danach liegen im Festkörper von 1 unendliche helicale Ketten von Kationen und Anionen vor, die sich entlang [010] erstrecken. 2 besteht aus einem verzerrt oktaedrisch koordinierten Li+‐Ion, dem [Li(Diglyme)2]+, und dem komplexen Anion [Li(TMEDA){As[NC(Ph)NC(Ph)]}2]‐ mit einer verzerrt tetraedrischen Koordinationssphäre des Li+‐Ions.
Four New Thioantimonates(III) with the General Formula [TM(tren)]Sb4S7 (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn) with the Transition Metal as Part of a Thioantimonate(III) Network Synthesized under Solvothermal Conditions and Tuning of the Optical Band Gap by the Transition Metal Cation
Authors: Schaefer Michael , Stähler Ralph , Kiebach Wolff‐Ragnar , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFour new thioantimonate(III) compounds with the general formula [TM(tren)]Sb4S7, TM = Mn 1, Fe 2, Co 3 and Zn 4, were synthesized under solvothermal conditions by reacting elemental TM, Sb and S in an aqueous solution of tren (tren = tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine). All compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four formula units in the unit cell. Single crystal X‐ray analyses of 1 [a = 8.008(2), b = 10.626(2), c = 25.991(5) Å, β = 90.71(3)°, V = 2211.4(8) Å3], 2 [a = 8.0030(2), b = 10.5619(2), c = 25.955(5) Å, β = 90.809(3)°, V = 2193.69(8) Å3], 3 [a = 7.962(2), b = 10.541(2), c = 25.897(5) Å, β = 90.90(3)°, V = 2173.0(8) Å3] and 4 [a = 7.978(2), b = 10.625(2), c = 25.901(5) Å, β = 90.75(3)°, V = 2195.2(8) Å3] reveal that the compounds are isostructural. The [Sb4S7]2‐ anions are composed of three SbS3 trigonal pyramids and one SbS4 unit as primary building units (PBU). The PBUs share common edges and corners to form semicubes (Sb3S4) which may be regarded as secondary building units (SBU). The SBUs and SbS3 pyramids are joined in an alternating fashion yielding the [Sb4S7‐] anionic chain which is directed along [100]. Weaker Sb‐S bonding interactions between neighbored chains lead to the formation of layers within the (001) plane which contain pockets that are occupied by the cations. The TM2+ ions are in a trigonal bipyramidal environment of four N atoms of the tren ligand and one S atom of the thioantimonate(III) anion. The optical band gaps depend on the TM2+ ion and amount to 3.11 eV for 1, 2.04 eV for 2, 2.45 eV for 3, and 2.60 eV for 4.
Gas Phase Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes
Authors: Kormann Hans‐Peter , Schmid Günter , Pelzer Katrin , Philippot K. , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNanoporous alumina membranes, loaded with palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles of various size, were used for gas phase hydrogenation of 1, 3‐butadiene and for oxidation of carbon monoxide, respectively. Those membranes contain 109 ‐ 1011 pores per cm2, all running perpendicular to the surface. Membrane discs of 20 mm in diameter and only 60 μm thick, incorporated in a reactor in which the reactants can be pumped in a closed circuit through the pores, turned out to very actively catalyze hydrogenation of butadiene (Pd) and oxidation of CO (Ru). The activity of the Pd catalysts depends characteristically on the particles size, the gas flow, and of the educts ratio. As could be expected, larger particles are less active than smaller ones, whereas increasing gas flows in case of hydrogenation accelerates the reactions. Excessive hydrogen reduces selectivity with respect to the various butenes, but favours formation of butane.
[(Mes3Sn)2MoO4], ein monomeres Triorganozinnmolybdat
Authors: Kondracka Małgorzata , Herntrich Tobias , Merzweiler Kurt 
Published: October 2004

Abstract[(Mes3Sn)2MoO4], a Monomeric Triorganotin MolybdateMes3SnBr (Mes = 1, 3, 5‐trimethylphenyl) reacts with (NBu4)2[Mo6O19] in the presence of (NBu4)OH (in CH3CN as solvent) to form [(Mes3Sn)2MoO4]. Alternatively the title compound can be obtained from the reaction of [MoO2(acac)2] (acac = 2, 4‐pentadionate) with Mes3SnOH in isopropanol. [(Mes3Sn)2MoO4] forms monoclinic crystals, space group C2/c, with a = 2271.6(3) pm, b = 825.2(1) pm, c = 2739.9(5) pm, β = 90.96(2)°. The crystal structure consists of isolated molecules in which a tetrahedral MoO4 unit is connected to two terminal Mes3Sn groups. The Mo‐O distances range from 169.6(4) to 181.1(3) pm and the Sn‐O distance is 204.8(3) pm.
Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Platinum and Mercury Complexes Chelated by (Phenylthiomethyl)silane Ligands
Authors: Knorr Michael , Peindy Harmel N. , Guyon Fabrice , Sachdev Hermann , Strohmann Carsten 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMetathesis reaction of the dithioether complex cis‐[PtCl2{(PhSCH2)2SiPh2}] (2a) with NaBr and NaI yields the square planar complexes cis‐[PtX2{(PhSCH2)2SiPh2}] (2b, X = Br; 2c, X = I). The new compounds, which are fluxional in solution, have been studied by multinuclear NMR techniques; the crystal structures of 2a‐c have been determined by X ray diffraction. This series allows to evaluate the trans‐influence of the halide ligands on the lengths of the Pt‐S bonds, which increase from 227.26(12) (2a), 228.46(13) (2b) to 229.96(15) (2c) pm due to a more pronounced trans‐influence of I compared with Br and Cl. Complexation of (PhSCH2)2SiPh2 (1a) on HgBr2 gives the distorted tetrahedral compound [HgBr2{(PhSCH2)2SiPh2}] (3), having a quite loose coordination of the ligand both in solution and in the solid state [Hg‐S = 291.88(2) pm]. Alternatively, the coordination around Hg may be described as distorted square pyramidal in the solid state, since to due to a weak intermolecular Hg···Br interaction [346.72(13) pm], a dimeric motif is formed. Furthermore, the functionalised cyclic silane (PhSCH2)2SiC4H6 (1b) has been prepared and co‐ordinated as chelating dithioether ligands to [PtCl2(PhCN)2] affording the dithioether complex cis‐[PtCl2{(PhSCH2)2SiC4H6)}] (4). The crystal structure of 4 has also been determined by an X‐ray diffraction study.
Structural Variances in the Homologous Series of Alkaline Earth Metallated Octamethylcyclotetrasilazandiides
Authors: Lameyer Lutz , Salah Omar Abu , Deuerlein Stephan , Stey Thomas , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe magnesium, calcium, and strontium metal derivatives of 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8‐octamethylcyclotetrasilazane (OMCTS) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction studies. These are the first complexes of the homologous series of alkaline earth metalated OMCTS. Similar to the homologous series of the corresponding alkali metal complexes, the structural properties show remarkable tendencies in the series from magnesium to strontium. The magnesium dication causes the most pronounced deformation along the transannular N‐···N‐ vector of the [(c‐N‐SiMe2‐NH‐SiMe2‐)2]2‐ dianionic ring. The lengths of the Si‐N bonds are correlated to the bond types, so that shorter distances result when the bonds become more ionic. The difference between the long Si‐N(H) bonds and the short Si‐N‐ bonds decreases gradually with the increasing mass of the alkaline earth metal dication.
Observations of natural behaviour of yellowtail flounder derived from data storage tags
Authors: Walsh Stephen J. , Morgan M. Joanne 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Electronic data storage tags (DSTs) were used to monitor natural behaviour of adult yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) in relation to depth, temperature, time of day, and season. Over a 2-year period, a total of 543 fish tagged with DSTs were released during June of each year. Results from 29 tags revealed that yellowtail flounder exhibit diel and seasonal variations in depth and temperature. The results also show, for the first time in this species, that during various times of the year yellowtail flounder make extensive off-bottom movements at night and can remain off bottom for several hours.
Mathematical model of fish schooling behaviour in a set-net
Authors: Takagi Tsutomu , Moritomi Yutaka , Iwata Jyun , Nakamine Hiroshi , Sannomiya Nobuo 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
We investigated the validity of a mathematical model to describe fish schooling behaviour towards a simple set-net model. We apply a model considered to be “an autonomous decentralized system” and based on Newton's equation of motion. It includes the parameter M, which indicates “the quantity of information exchange” (i.e. the number of neighbours that affect an individual's behaviour) and strongly affects fish school size and schooling behaviour in an enclosed space. To evaluate the model, simulations of fish schooling behaviour in a set-net model consisting of a leading fence and a box-shaped trap similar to a primitive type of set-net were compared with experimentally observed behaviour of bitterling and mackerel, with a focus on M. A small M induces improper behaviour because there is low cooperation among fish in a school. On the other hand, if M is too large, improper simulation results of individuals in deadlock states in the trap are obtained as a result of excessive information exchange among the fish. The results suggest that the mathematical model can describe the behaviour in a set-net model adequately when M is greater than 2 and less than 10.