bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective ablation of surface enamel caries with a pulsed Nd:YAG dental laser
Authors: Harris David M. , White Joel M. , Goodis Harold , Arcoria Charles J. , Simon James , Carpenter William M. , Fried Daniel , Burkart John , Yessik Michael , Myers Terry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHigh intensity infrared light from the pulsed Nd:YAG dental laser is absorbed by carious enamel and not absorbed by healthy enamel. Consequently, this system has potential for selective removal of surface enamel caries. Safety and efficacy of the clinical procedure was evaluated in two sets of clinical trials at three dental schools. Selective ablation was evaluated with FTIR spectroscopy.Study Design/Materials and MethodsCarious lesions were randomized to drill or laser treatment. Pulp diagnosis, enamel surface condition, preparations, and restorations were evaluated by blinded evaluators. In Study I, surface caries were removed from 104 third molars scheduled for extraction. One‐week post‐treatment teeth were evaluated clinically, extracted, and the pulp was examined histologically. In Study II, 90 patients with 462 lesions on 374 teeth were randomized to laser or drill and followed for 6 months.ResultsPulsed Nd:YAG laser removal of surface enamel caries was demonstrated to be both safe and effective. Caries were removed in all conditions. There were no adverse events and both clinical and histological evaluations of pulp vitality showed no abnormalities. A significantly greater number of preparations in the drill groups vs. laser groups entered dentin (drill = 11, laser = 1, P = 0.007).ConclusionThe more conservative laser treatment removed the caries but not the sound enamel below the lesion. The pulsed Nd:YAG dental laser was found to be both safe and effective for surface caries removal. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:342–350, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface‐structure transformations and advertising slogans: The case for moderate syntactic complexity
Authors: Bradley Samuel D. , Meeds Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSince its introduction in 1957, Noam Chomsky's theory of transformational grammar has been the subject of much psycholinguistic research. Through several metamorphoses, the theory has remained controversial as to whether it represents how the mind actually processes language. Psycholinguists have studied this area over several decades. Syntactic structure has been studied in terms of recall and effects on reaction time to secondary tasks, but little is known about syntactic structure and attitude formation. Advertising researchers have looked at the effects of many types of complexity (e.g., semantic and visual), but few have investigated the effects of syntactic complexity on attitude formation. This study used a within‐subjects experiment to examine how surface‐structure transformations affected readers' comprehension, recognition, recall, and attitudes toward slogans. As expected, syntactic complexity did not affect the comprehension of advertising slogans, but simple‐syntax versions—especially the active voice—showed an advantage in recognition. Slogans with moderate syntactic complexity showed a significant positive effect on free morphemic recall and attitude toward the advertisement, but a high degree of syntactic manipulations resulted in significantly lower free morphemic recall and attitudes toward the ad, suggesting a possible curvilinear relationship. These findings and implications for advertising professionals and educators are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peptide mapping of proteins in human body fluids using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Bergquist Jonas , Palmblad Magnus , Wetterhall Magnus , Håkansson Per , Markides Karin E. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract

I.
Introduction
3

A. Human Body Fluids as Sources for Clinical Markers
3

B. Plasma
3

C. Cerebrospinal Fluid
5

D. Saliva
5

E. Urine
5

II.
Review of Typical Materials and Methods
5

A. General
5

B. Human Plasma Samples
5

C. Human CSF Samples
5

D. Human Saliva Samples
6

E. Human Urine Samples
6

F. Tryptic Digestion of Proteins
6

G. Desalting
6

H. Direct Infusion and Capillary Interface
6

I. Mass Spectrometry
6

J. Data Analysis
7

III.
Results and Discussion
7

IV.
Conclusions
12

Acknowledgments
13

References
13

Human body fluids have been rediscovered in the post‐genomic era as great sources of biological markers and perhaps particularly as sources of potential protein biomarkers of disease. Analytical tools that allow rapid screening, low sample consumption, and accurate protein identification are of great importance in studies of complex biological samples and clinical diagnosis. Mass spectrometry is today one of the most important analytical tools with applications in a wide variety of fields. One of the fastest growing applications is in proteomics, or the study of protein expression in an organism. Mass spectrometry has been used to find post‐translational modifications and to identify key functions of proteins in the human body. In this study, we review the use of human body fluids as sources for clinical markers and present new data that show the ability of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) to identify and characterize proteins in four human body fluids: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine. The body fluids were tryptically digested without any prior separation, purification, or selection, and the digest was introduced into a 9.4 T FTICR mass spectrometer by direct‐infusion electrospray ionization (ESI). Even though these samples represent complex biological mixtures, the described method provides information that is comparable with traditional 2D‐PAGE data. The sample consumption is extremely low, a few microliters, and the analysis time is only a few minutes. It is, however, evident that the separation of proteins and/or peptides must be included in the methodology, in order to detect low‐abundance proteins and other proteins of biological relevance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 21:2–15, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mas.10016
Protective effect of vitamin E on ultraviolet B light–induced damage in keratinocytes
Authors: Maalouf Samar , El‐Sabban Marwan , Darwiche Nadine , Gali‐Muhtasib Hala 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) B radiation is the most common environmental factor in the pathogenesis of skin cancer. Exposure of human skin to UVB radiation leads to the depletion of cutaneous antioxidants, the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Although antioxidant supplementation has been shown to prevent UVB‐induced photooxidative damage, its effect on components of cell signaling pathways leading to gene expression has not been clearly established. In the present study, the effect of the antioxidant vitamin, α‐tocopherol (α‐T), and its acetate analog, α‐tocopherol acetate (α‐TAc), on UVB‐induced damage in primary and neoplastic mouse keratinocytes was investigated. The ability of both vitamins to modulate UVB‐induced apoptosis and activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB were studied. Treatment of normal and neoplastic mouse epidermal keratinocytes (308 cells) with 30–60 mJ/cm2UVB markedly decreased viable cell number and was accompanied by DNA fragmentation. When both vitamins were applied to cells at times before and after UVB radiation, a significant increase in the percentage of viable cells and concomitant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was noted, with vitamin pretreatment providing a better protection than posttreatment. Simultaneous posttreatment of irradiated cells with α‐TAc abolished the cytotoxic effects of UVB and restored cell viability to control levels. In addition, simultaneous posttreatment of irradiated cells with α‐T reduced the number of apoptotic cells by half, indicating a synergistic effect of two such treatments compared with any single one. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that vitamin treatment suppressed both an increase in pre‐G0cells and a decrease in cycling cells by UVB exposure. In addition, NF‐κB activation was detected 2 h after UV exposure and was maintained for up to 8 h. Pretreatment with vitamins significantly inhibited NF‐κB activation at 4 and 8 h. These results indicate that vitamin E and its acetate analog can modulate the cellular response to UVB partly through their action on NF‐κB activation. Thus, these antioxidant vitamins are potential drugs for the protection from or the reduction of UVB‐associated epidermal damage. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[123I]β‐CIT SPECT distinguishes vascular parkinsonism from Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gerschlager Willibald , Bencsits Gerhard , Pirker Walter , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Asenbaum Susanne , Prayer Daniella , Zijlmans Jan C.M. , Hoffmann Martha , Brücke Thomas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated whether [123I]‐β‐CIT and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging distinguishes patients with clinically suspected vascular parkinsonism (VP) from patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). [123I]β‐CIT SPECT is a sensitive marker of dopaminergic degeneration, and the degree of striatal binding reduction in PD correlates with disease severity. Thirteen patients who fulfilled rigid clinical criteria for VP (mean ± S.D.: age, 76.5 ± 5.3 years; disease duration, 3.6 ± 2.8 years), 20 PD patients (age, 66.2 ± 9.5 years; disease duration, 4.3 ± 2.7 years), and 30 healthy persons (age, 44.6 ± 19.2 years) underwent [123I]β‐CIT SPECT imaging. Age‐corrected striatal β‐CIT binding was reduced on average by 40.8% in PD but was near normal in the VP group (mean reduction, 1.2%). This difference was statistically significant (Z = 4.68; P < 0.001). The left–right asymmetry of striatal β‐CIT binding was significantly increased in the PD group compared with normal controls and the VP group (F(2) = 17.4, P <0.001). Moreover, putamen–caudate nucleus ratios were significantly reduced in PD compared with both VP patients and healthy controls (F(2) = 65.5, P < 0.001). Whole striatal β‐CIT binding was more than one standard deviation above the mean PD values in all but one of the individual VP patients. Our findings suggest that the presynaptic dopaminergic deficits seen in PD are absent in most patients with VP. [123I]β‐CIT SPECT imaging may be useful to help distinguish between PD and VP patients during life. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Diagnosing Parkinson's disease using videotaped neurological examinations: Validity and factors that contribute to incorrect diagnoses
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Levy Gilberto , Côte Lucien J. , Mejia Helen , Fahn Stanley , Marder Karen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractField work is commonly required in movement disorders research. Sending neurologists into the field can be logistically challenging and costly. Alternatively, neurological examinations may be videotaped and reviewed later. There is little knowledge of the validity of the videotaped neurological examination in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We examined the validity of the videotaped Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor examination in the diagnosis of PD, and sought to determine which factors are associated with incorrect diagnoses. PD patients and controls were enrolled in a familial aggregation study between August of 1998 and June of 2000, and as part of that study each was examined by a physician who performed an in‐person UPDRS motor examination. Each also underwent a second, videotaped UPDRS motor examination. Based on the review of this videotape, a neurologist, who was blinded to the previous clinical diagnosis, assigned a diagnosis of PD or normal. A total of 211 of 231 PD patients (sensitivity = 91.3%), and 170 of 172 controls (specificity = 98.8%) were correctly identified based on the videotape. True positives had a higher mean rest tremor score (1.7 vs. 0.3; P < 0.001), action tremor score (0.9 vs. 0.3; P < 0.001), bradykinesia score (11.2 vs. 7.4; P = 0.02), and disease of longer mean duration (8.9 vs. 5.8 years; P = 0.001) than false negatives. False negatives did not differ from true positives in terms of age, total dose of levodopa, Hoehn and Yahr score, or rigidity, gait and posture, or facial masking scores (each assessed during the in‐person examination). The videotaped UPDRS motor examination is a useful means of diagnosing PD and provides an alternative approach for the diagnosis of PD in field studies. A limitation is that patients with milder PD of shorter duration may not be recognized as PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Dystonia, athetosis, and epilepsia partialis continua in a patient with late‐onset Rasmussen's encephalitis
Authors: Frucht Steven 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRasmussen's encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by intractable epilepsy and progressive hemispheric dysfunction. The disorder usually affects children, although cases have been reported with symptom onset in late adolescence or adulthood. Myoclonus is common in Rasmussen patients, usually occurring as part of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC); however, other hyperkinetic movements are rare. This report documents a 19‐year‐old woman with Rasmussen's encephalitis whose clinical presentation was dominated by foot dystonia, arm athetosis, and EPC. Intravenous immunoglobulin improved both hyperkinetic movements and EPC, but benefit was transient. The clinical significance and implications of these findings are discussed. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Major and minor form of hereditary hyperekplexia
Authors: Tijssen Marina A.J. , Vergouwe Monique N. , van Dijk J. Gert , Rees Michelle , Frants Rune R. , Brown Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHyperekplexia is a hereditary neurological disorder characterized by excessive startle responses. Within the disorder two clinical forms can be distinguished. The major form is characterized by continuous generalized stiffness in the first year of life and an exaggerated startle reflex, accompanied by temporary generalized stiffness and falls, whereas in the minor form only excessive startle and hypnic jerks have been described. Mutations in the gene encoding the α‐1 subunit of the glycine receptor (GLRA1) are responsible for the major form of hyperekplexia but no mutation was detected in patients with the minor form in the large Dutch pedigree originally described by Suhren and colleagues. Here we describe the genetic analysis of the GLRA1 gene of two English families in which both forms of hyperekplexia were present. Mutation analysis revealed no genetic defect in the GLRA1 gene in patients carrying either the minor or major forms. This is further evidence that the minor form of hyperekplexia is seldom due to a genetic defect in the GLRA1 gene. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
ACT and UCH‐L1 polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease and age of onset
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhao Chun‐Ying , Si Yan‐Mei , Liu Zhuo‐Lin , Chen Biao , Yu Long 
Published: October 2002

Abstractα1‐Antichymotrypsin (ACT) and ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) have been suggested as susceptibility factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). We replicated these findings in a Chinese case‐control sample consisting of 160 PD cases and 160 carefully matched control subjects. Genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and BstN1 or Rsa1 restriction enzyme assay. Analysis showed no significant difference between PD patients and controls for genotype or allele frequencies of the ACT and UCH‐L1 S18Y polymorphisms. UCH‐L1 S18Y polymorphism carriers, however, were found to be significantly less frequent in early‐onset PD patients with a reduced risk of 0.557 (95% C.I. = 0.314–0.985; P = 0.043). These data suggest that ACT polymorphism does not influence the risk for developing PD. UCH‐L1 S18Y polymorphism, however, may be a weak protective factor against early‐onset PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Orthostatic paroxysmal dystonia
Authors: Sethi Kapil D. , Lee Ki Hyeong , Deuskar Vasanti , Hess David C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 52‐year‐old man with a history of cerebrovascular disease presented with a 3‐year history of paroxysmal hemidystonia precipitated by assuming an upright position after sitting or lying down. MRA showed occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and near‐total occlusion of the ipsilateral ICA. Subtraction single proton emission computed tomography demonstrated decreased perfusion in the contralateral frontoparietal cortex during the typical dystonic spell. We have coined the term “orthostatic paroxysmal dystonia” for this phenomenon. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Association between dopamine transporter gene polymorphism and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in Japan
Authors: Nishimura Masataka , Kaji Ryuji , Ohta Mitsuhiro , Mizuta Ikuko , Kuno Sadako 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied a polymorphism in the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene in 236 Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and compared the results with 220 controls. The 1215A/G genotype of the DAT gene was significantly different between PD patients and controls, suggesting a possible involvement of DAT in genetic susceptibility to PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Effects of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with severe Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations
Authors: Østergaard Karen , Sunde Niels , Dupont Erik 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present the efficacy and side effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nuclei (STN) performed with a more simplified surgical procedure than described by the Grenoble group. A consecutive series of 26 patients with advanced and levodopa‐responsive Parkinson's disease and motor complications was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part I–VI, timed tests, and a patient diary for 2 days concerning on–off phenomenon and dyskinesias. At 3 months, evaluation of stimulation by the UPDRS motor score was performed in a double‐blind manner and a significant improvement of 57% was found. The results 12 months after surgery off medication showed significant improvement in both UPDRS motor score and activities of daily living of 64% and, on medication, a significant reduction of 86% in duration of dyskinesias and 83% in duration of off‐periods. Reduction in medication was less than for other groups, probably because we used smaller doses of levodopa before the operation. No serious side effects were encountered. When the patients are carefully selected and followed up, bilateral DBS of STN is a significant progress in treatment of advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease with levodopa‐induced motor complications. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Familial essential tremor is not associated with SCA‐12 mutation in southern Italy
Authors: Nicoletti Giuseppe , Annesi Grazia , Carrideo Sara , Tomaino Carmine , Di Costanzo Alfonso , Zappia Mario , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated 30 patients with familial essential tremor (ET) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA‐12) mutations. No patient presented a CAG repeat larger than 19, suggesting that familial ET and SCA‐12 are distinct diseases. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Probes for the dopamine transporter: New leads toward a cocaine‐abuse therapeutic—A focus on analogues of benztropine and rimcazole
Authors: Newman Amy Hauck , Kulkarni Santosh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn an attempt to discover a cocaine‐abuse pharmacotherapeutic, extensive investigation has been directed toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the reinforcing effects of this psychostimulant drug. The results of these studies have been consistent with the inhibition of dopamine uptake, at the dopamine transporter (DAT), which results in a rapid and excessive accumulation of extracellular dopamine in the synapse as being the mechanism primarily responsible for the locomotor stimulant actions of cocaine. Nevertheless, investigation of the serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters, as well as other receptor systems, with which cocaine either directly or indirectly interacts, has suggested that the DAT is not solely responsible for the reinforcing effects of cocaine. In an attempt to further elucidate the roles of these systems in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, selective molecular probes, in the form of drug molecules, have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. Many of these compounds bind potently and selectively to the DAT, block dopamine reuptake, and are behaviorally cocaine‐like in animal models of psychostimulant abuse. However, there have been exceptions noted in several classes of dopamine uptake inhibitors that demonstrate behavioral profiles that are distinctive from cocaine. Structure–activity relationships between chemically diverse dopamine uptake inhibitors have suggested that different binding interactions, at the molecular level on the DAT, as well as divergent actions at the other monoamine transporters may be related to the differing pharmacological actions of these compounds, in vivo. These studies suggest that novel dopamine uptake inhibitors, which are structurally and pharmacologically distinct from cocaine, may be developed as potential cocaine‐abuse therapeutics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 5, 429–464, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10014
A surface‐based integral‐equation formulation for coupled electromagnetic and circuit simulation
Authors: Jandhyala Vikram , Wang Yong , Gope Dipanjan , Richard C. J. , Shi  
Published: October 2002

AbstractA surface‐based integral‐equation formulation for coupled electromagnetic and circuit simulation is presented. The approach is sufficiently general to model arbitrarily shaped structures and high‐frequency skin effects. The formulation is implemented in both an equivalent circuit form for spice compatibility, and in a more general form as a coupled‐matrix system outside spice. The overall approach can be interpreted as either a modified surface‐only partial element equivalent circuit approach, or as a circuit‐coupled version of the surface‐based method of moments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 103–106, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10386
Air‐gap type TFBAR‐based filter topologies
Authors: Kim Kun‐Wook , Kim Gwang‐Yong , Yook Jong‐Gwan , Park Han‐Kyu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExtremely small bandpass filters with TFBARs using aluminum nitride piezoelectric material have been realized in this study. Resonator modeling has been performed based on the modified Butterworth–Van Dyke (MBVD) model from the measured frequency responses of a single resonator. The predicted filter responses are compared with measured frequency data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 386–387, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10470
Complete assignment of the NMR spectra of [D‐Leu1]‐microcystin‐LR and analysis of its solution structure
Authors: Schripsema Jan , Dagnino Denise 
Published: October 2002

Abstract[D‐Leu1]‐microcystin‐LR is a recently discovered microcystin. We report the isolation of this microcystin analogue from a Microcystis aeruginosa strain isolated from the Lagoa de Iquipari, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra were completely assigned in both MeOH‐d4 and DMSO‐d6. Further, the solution structure of this compound was investigated with the use of two‐dimensional NMR and the amide proton temperature dependence, and was compared with those of its analogs, microcystin‐RR and microcystin‐LR. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.