bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter analysis of epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with common human coronaviruses in China, 2014–2019
Authors: Han Shuaibing , Xu Baoping , Feng Qianyu , Feng Ziheng , Zhu Yun , Ai Junhong , Deng Li , Li Changchong , Cao Ling , Sun Yun , Fu Zhou , Jin Rong , Shang Yunxiao , Chen Zhiming , Xu Lili , Xie Zhengde , Shen Kunling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 which are members of the coronavirus family are long co-existed with humans and widely distributed globally. Common HCoVs usually cause mild, self-limited upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and also associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), especially in children. However, there are little multicentre studies have been conducted in children of several different areas in China, and the epidemic potential of common HCoVs remains unclear. Understanding of the common HCoVs is valuable for clinical and public health. Herein, we retrospectively analysed the medical records of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection admitted to 9 hospitals from different regions in China from 2014 to 2019. Of the 124 patients who tested positive for coronaviruses, OC43 was the predominant type, accounting for 36.3% (45/124) of the detections. Children aged ≤ 6 months and 12–23 months had the highest detection rate of common HCoVs, and the detection rate gradually declined after 2 years old. These four HCoVs could be detected all year round. Among the areas of our study, the overall positive rate was higher in southern China, especially in Guangzhou (29/124, 23.4%). Moreover, common HCoV-positive patients were codetected with 9 other common respiratory pathogens. 229E (11/13, 84.6%) was the most frequently associated with codetection, with EV/RhV was the most frequently codetected virus. Cough (113/124, 91.1%) and fever (73/124, 58.9%) were the most common symptoms of common HCoVs infection.
Sleep Technology Intervention to Target Cardiometabolic Health (STITCH): a randomized controlled study of a behavioral sleep extension intervention compared to an education control to improve sleep duration, blood pressure, and cardiometabolic health among adults with elevated blood pressure/hypertension
Authors: Baron Kelly Glazer , Duffecy Jennifer , Simonsen Sara , Bress Adam , Conroy Molly B. , Greene Tom , Allen Chelsea , Vallejo Sofia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Short sleep duration, defined as < 7 h sleep on weeknights, affects 40% of the US adult population, contributing to the increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, decreased safety, and poorer mental health. Despite the prevalence of short sleep duration, few studies have tested interventions to extend sleep duration. The objective of this study is to test the effects of a behavioral sleep extension intervention on sleep duration, blood pressure, and other measures of cardiometabolic health among adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension.

Methods
This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial to determine the impact of a behavioral sleep extension intervention on sleep duration and cardiometabolic health among individuals with short sleep duration (< 7 h per night) and elevated blood pressure or hypertension (SBP 120–150 mmHg or DBP 80–90 mmHg). After completing the screening, participants will be randomly assigned to either a sleep coaching (intervention) or health education (control) group. The participants will have weekly contact for either coaching or education for 8 weeks (intervention period) followed by monthly coaching or education for the next 2 months (maintenance period). Participants will complete assessment visits, actigraphy, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recording at baseline/screening, 8 weeks, and 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is sleep duration at 8 weeks, and the secondary outcome is blood pressure at 8 weeks.

Discussion
The results of this study will determine the effects of behavioral sleep extension on sleep and cardiometabolic health among adults with short sleep duration and elevated BP/hypertension. The results will inform the feasibility and efficacy of behavioral sleep extension and provide information needed for future multi-site effectiveness studies.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04766424. Registered on 21 February 2021.
In vitro evaluation of the effect of galectins on Schistosoma mansoni motility
Authors: Takeuchi Tomoharu , Nakamura Risa , Hamasaki Megumi , Oyama Midori , Hamano Shinjiro , Hatanaka Tomomi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Galectins are sugar-binding proteins that participate in many biological processes, such as immunity, by regulating host immune cells and their direct interaction with pathogens. They are involved in mediating infection by Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic trematode that causes schistosomiasis. However, their direct effects on schistosomes have not been investigated.

Results
We found that galectin-2 recognizes S. mansoni glycoconjugates and investigated whether galectin-1, 2, and 3 can directly affect S. mansoni in vitro. Adult S. mansoni were treated with recombinant galectin-1, 2, and 3 proteins or praziquantel, a positive control. Treatment with galectin-1, 2, and 3 had no significant effect on S. mansoni motility, and no other differences were observed under a stereoscopic microscope. Hence, galectin-1, 2, and 3 may have a little direct effect on S. mansoni. However, they might play a role in the infection in vivo via the modulation of the host immune response or secretory molecules from S. mansoni. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the direct effect of galectins on S. mansoni and helps in understanding the roles of galectins in S. mansoni infection in vivo.
Resolution of stuttering during ketamine treatment: a case report
Authors: Bolton Dan , Hailu Tegest , Porucznik Christina A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Stuttering may include repetition of words in whole or part, difficulty saying words, and elongated pauses in speech. Approximately 5% of children stutter for a period lasting 6 months or more. Most of those children stop stuttering as they approach adulthood, but the condition persists in approximately 1% of adults. The cause of stuttering is unknown. Adults who stutter face substantial burdens in many aspects of their lives. Stutterers may choose not to pursue meaningful employment opportunities, may not be hired for positions they seek, or may be denied promotions or positive performance evaluations. Stuttering can cause physical tension from fear of speaking. Social challenges arise when a person who stutters is seen as less capable or of lower intelligence than fluent speakers. Stuttering causes emotional difficulties through the frustration and embarrassment that disfluent speakers feel. Stutterers may experience a general loss of self-esteem and personal satisfaction in life. Speech therapy is the primary intervention for stuttering. Medications have been investigated as treatments for stuttering, but no medication has been identified that has widespread effectiveness.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old white non-Hispanic woman who had been a near lifelong stutterer was prescribed ketamine for an unrelated condition and experienced an almost immediate resolution of her stuttering.

Conclusions
Many possible pharmacological treatments for stuttering have been studied. Some medications appear to be effective in some patients; some appear to be more generally effective but have negative side effects. No reporting in relevant literature has addressed a possible role for ketamine in stuttering treatment. On the basis of this case report, research on the effect of ketamine on stuttering would be useful. Any effective treatment for stuttering would have a significant positive effect on quality of life for persons who stutter.
Lethal nitrous oxide (N2O) intoxication during surgery: the contribution of immunohistochemistry in identifying the cause of death: a case report
Authors: Cioffi Andrea , Cecannecchia Camilla , Bosco Maria Antonella , Gurgoglione Giovanni , Baldari Benedetta , De Simone Stefania 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a gas used in medicine for its analgesic, anxiolytic and amnesic properties. It is a drug considered safe if adequately administered. In the literature, accidental N2O-related deaths are rare. They are mostly related to inhalation of this substance for recreational and autoerotic purposes; rarely are reported deaths due to incorrect administration of medical gas in anesthesia. The diagnosis of death from acute N2O intoxication is complex and is generally an exclusion diagnosis: the macroscopic and microscopic post-mortem signs are entirely nonspecific. Furthermore, the circumstantial data are not always supportive and can even be confusing, mainly if the death occurred inside a hospital.

Case presentation
We describe a particular case of death from acute nitrous oxide poisoning in a hospital environment, of a Caucasian male of 72-years-old. The intoxication occurred during a minimally invasive vascular surgery due to an incorrect assembly of the supply lines of medical gases (O2 and N2O). The identification of the cause of death resulted from the analysis of circumstantial data, macroscopic and microscopic autoptic findings, and immunohistochemical investigations based on the search for antibodies anti E-selectin, P-selectin, and HIF 1-α.

Conclusion
Although not pathognomonic of asphyxiation by N2O, the latter molecules are a valid and early marker of hypoxic insult. Therefore, in concert with all other findings, it may constitute valid support for the forensic pathologist to ascertain the cause of death in case of suspected intoxication by N2O.
Job adjustment predictive factors of healthcare midwives in health system reform in Iran
Authors: Moradali Monireh Rezaee , Hajian Sepideh , Majd Hamid Alavi , Rahbar Mohammadreza , Entezarmahdi Rasool 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Possessing sensitive and multiple responsibilities in the country's health system, particularly after the implementation of the health reform in Iran, midwives must be able to optimally perform their duties in their new job as healthcare providers. This study aimed to identify the factors that predict job adjustment for Iranian midwives working in healthcare.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 310 midwives were recruited from 209 health centers in the Iranian province of West Azerbaijan using the census method and asked to complete research questionnaires. Data were collected using job adjustment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment scales. SPSS version 25 was used to perform ANOVA and calculate multiple linear regression coefficients for data analysis. In addition, the AMOS software was employed for path analysis and the identification of predictive variables.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 37.67 ± 7.1 years. Most participants (35.5%) were interested in their occupation as a midwife, and 27.1% were very interest. They had a moderate to strong tendency (76.1%) to remain in their new profession. In addition, 58.1% of participants experienced moderate job adjustment. For healthcare midwives, "desire to remain in the midwifery profession" and "organizational commitment" were significant predictors of job adjustment. "Desire to remain in the midwifery profession" directly affected midwives' job adjustment, while "interest in the new profession" had an indirect effect. Furthermore, "adequacy of income to expenses," "job satisfaction," and "organizational commitment" through the mediating role of "desire to remain in the profession" can, directly and indirectly, influence their job adjustment.

Conclusion
To better prepare midwives for their role as healthcare providers, organizational managers should focus their efforts and plan primarily on providing incentives to increase the longevity of staying in the profession of midwifery increase job adjustment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, thereby improving the quality-of-service delivery.
Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress
Authors: Liu Wenchao , Liu Huimei , Wang Yaoyao , Zhao Zhongxiang , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Jha Rajesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Global warming leading to heat stress (HS) is becoming a major challenge for broiler production. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera) polysaccharides (EPS) on the intestinal barrier function, microbial ecology, and performance of broilers under HS. A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers (male, 56 days old) with 682.59 ± 7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) TN (thermal neutral zone, 23.6 ± 1.8 °C), 2) HS (heat stress, 33.2 ± 1.5 °C for 10 h/d), and 3) HSE (HS + 0.1% EPS). Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per replicate. The study was conducted for 4 weeks; feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and 4. At the end of the feeding trial, small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology, antioxidant, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content, apoptosis, gene and protein expression analysis; cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing.

Results
Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain (ADG) of broilers during 3–4 weeks of HS (P < 0.05). At the end of HS on broilers, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of sIgA in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). Addition of EPS in HS group broilers' diet upregulated the relative mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO-1, γ-GCLc and IL-10 of the jejunum (P < 0.05), whereas downregulated the relative mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α and IL-1β of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1, whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and MLCK (P < 0.01) and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-α (P = 0.094) in heat-stressed broilers. Furthermore, the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with jejunal Occludin level (P < 0.05). However, the proportions of Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Subdoligranulum, Megasphaera, Collinsella, and Blautia among the three groups were positively related to ADG (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
EPS can be used as a feed additive in yellow-feathered broilers. It effectively improves growth performance and alleviates HS-induced intestinal injury by relieving inflammatory damage and improving the tight junction proteins expression. These beneficial effects may be related to inhibiting NF-κB/MLCK signaling pathway activation and regulation of cecal microbiota.
Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gad Adel Hassanein Elsayed , Abd El Hamid Nouran Alaa , El-Mofty Randa Mohamed Abdel-Moneim , El Ghoneimy Lobna Ahmed Talaat 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In multiple sclerosis (MS), optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a sensitive tool for evaluating retinal and optic nerve diseases. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel technique that can assess the density of retinal vascular networks. Vascular changes caused by MS play a chief role in the development and progression of the MS lesions giving the idea and goal of this study which aimed to assess vascular anomalies in MS using OCT and OCT-A, determine their relationship to clinical characteristics, and determine if vasculopathy may play a role in MS causation. This research also looked at whether the retinal vasculature can be used as a biomarker for neurodegeneration and disease progression. A total of 30 MS patients with and without history of optic neuritis (ON), as well as 10 healthy volunteers, were included in the study. OCT-A and spectral domain. (SD-OCT) were performed on all of them. The data included clinical history, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), illness duration, visual function assessment, and investigations.

Results
When comparing MS patients to controls, OCT-A revealed a drop in the arterial density in the eyes of MS patients. When compared to control eyes, all SD-OCT and OCT-A parameters indicated a statistically significant drop in MS eyes (with and without ON). Results showed a direct association (p = 0.001) between vascular density metrics and SD-OCT parameters (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
Results showed a reduction in retinal vascular density (VD) in MS patients. The clinical link between VD and SD-OCT characteristics is highlighted, implying that OCT-A may be a useful marker of illness and impairment in MS.
Fatal pulmonary embolism following injectable gluteal filler usage: a case report
Authors: Shaheen Sameh , Al-Habbaa Ahmed , Riad Mohamed Saeid , Mandour Ahmed Saied , Elzeny Mahmoud Ali , Alnady Khaled 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the fact that injectable filler usage in the gluteal region has not been recommended in formal medical institutions, illegal procedures are performed in many clinics and beauty centers across Egypt. This case report illustrates the illegal practice culminating in a fatal complication.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old female with no relevant medical history presented to the ER with acute onset shortness of breath. The complaint started 16 h before, with a rapidly progressive course, shortly after undergoing a gluteal filler injection at a center in Cairo. At ER, the patient was severely distressed, yet fully conscious and oriented. She was shocked (BP 70/40 mmHg), tachycardic (130 BPM), and tachypneic (30/min) with normal temperature. She had congested pulsating neck veins with positive Kussmaul sign. Chest auscultation revealed normal vesicular breathing with equal air entry and no adventitious sounds. Her O2 saturation was 60% on room air that improved to 85% on O2 mask. ECG showed sinus tachycardia. Echocardiography showed dilated right side, D-shaped septum with systolic flattening, dilated IVC, mild tricuspid regurgitation and estimated RV systolic pressure 53 mmHg. Her ABG showed compensated metabolic acidosis with elevated lactate level. At the ICU, CVP was 18 mmHg. Saline infusion was continued along with noradrenaline infusion initiation. A provisional diagnosis of high-risk pulmonary embolism was made, though CT pulmonary angiography was not available. Accordingly, thrombolytic therapy was initiated with alteplase (100 mg) over 2 h. Also, a dose of pulse steroids (methylprednisolone 200 mg) was given. Chest X-ray showed bilateral heterogenous opacity and ABG showed deteriorating hypoxia and combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis. The patient was intubated upon deterioration of conscious level and was put on mechanical ventilation. Her ET tube showed frequent blood-tinged secretions. Echocardiography showed more right-side dilatation that was consistent with deterioration of clinical status. Three hours after admission the patient developed cardiac arrest and died 2 h later.

Conclusions
This case report highlights the dangers associated with injectable filler usage in the gluteal region. Physicians and patients should be aware of the possible complications and how to avoid it.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of pathological axillary lymph nodes in cases of breast cancer
Authors: Hegazy Rania Mohamed Abbas , Khalil Shereen Mohamed AbdelRaouf , Mokhtar Sherif Mohamed , Awad Fatma Mohamed AbdelRahman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting females. It represents leading cause of death from all cancers in females. Traditionally, axillary staging was surgically assessed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), which is associated with complications. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a minimally invasive surgical method for axillary staging in patients with primary breast cancer with lower morbidity and better quality of life. Clinical examination of the axilla is usually associated with a high false negative rate, so role of imaging is crucial to identify lymph nodes with or without suspicious features, to predict the pathological state of the lymph nodes and to direct the diagnostic and therapeutic process toward SLNB, ALND, or chemotherapy. Aim of this study was to assess axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients by magnetic resonance imaging and functional MRI preoperatively to determine its nature and eliminate invasive procedures as invasive dissection used in diagnosis.

Results
Lymph node size cannot significantly predict malignant infiltration with p value 0.425, using cut-off value of 21.5 mm, with a sensitivity of 14.6% and specificity of 100%. Cortical thickness of lymph nodes can significantly predict malignant infiltration with p value 0.006, using cut-off value of 4.5 mm, with a sensitivity of 68.8%, specificity of 62.5%, and diagnostic accuracy of 64.1%. ADC can significantly predict lymph node infiltration with p value 0.011, using a cut-off value of 0.99, with sensitivity of 43.85, specificity of 100%, diagnostic accuracy of 57.8%, and AUC of 71.4%. There was a statistically significant correlation between pathological findings and DCE-MRI curve type III with p value 0.0001, showing a sensitivity of 37.5%, specificity of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 84.4% for detection of malignant lymph nodes.

Conclusions
Cortical thickness and effaced fatty hilum of lymph nodes can significantly predict malignant infiltration, while lymph node size cannot significantly predict malignant infiltration. Diffusion weighted images and ADC maps can be of significant value in predicting metastatic lymph nodes with approximate ADC cut-off value of 0.99. Kinetic MRI features of the axillary lymph nodes are not reliable enough to be used alone in the clinical management of breast cancer patients.