bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a foot and ankle strengthening program for the treatment of plantar heel pain: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Osborne John W. A. , Menz Hylton B. , Whittaker Glen A. , Landorf Karl B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with plantar heel pain (PHP) have reduced foot and ankle muscle function, strength and size, which is frequently treated by muscle strengthening exercises. However, there has been little investigation of what exercises are used and there is no sound evidence base to guide practice. This study aimed to develop a consensus‐driven progressive muscle strengthening program for PHP.
MethodsThirty‐eight experts were invited to participate in the study over three rounds. Round 1 was an open‐ended questionnaire that provided the core characteristics of progressive strengthening programs designed for three different adult patient types with PHP (younger athletic, overweight middle‐aged, older), which were presented as vignettes. In Round 2, experts indicated their agreement to the proposed exercises and training variables. In Round 3, experts were presented with amendments to the exercises based on responses from Round 2 and indicated their agreement to those changes. Consensus was achieved when > 70% of experts agreed.
ResultsTwo experts were ineligible and 12 declined, leaving 24 (67%) who participated in Round 1. Eighteen (75%) completed all three rounds. From Round 1, progressive strengthening programs were developed for the three vignettes, which included 10 different exercises and three training variables (sets / repetitions, weight, and frequency). In Round 2, 68% (n = 17) of exercises and 96% (n = 72) of training variables reached consensus. In Round 3, only exercise changes were presented and 100% of exercises reached consensus.ConclusionsThis study provides three progressive strengthening programs agreed to by experts that can be used in future clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of muscle strengthening for PHP. In addition, clinicians could use the programs as part of a rehabilitation strategy with the caveat that they may change as more research is conducted.
Critical appraisal beyond clinical guidelines for intraabdominal candidiasis
Authors: Maseda Emilio , Martín-Loeches Ignacio , Zaragoza Rafael , Pemán Javier , Fortún Jesús , Grau Santiago , Aguilar Gerardo , Varela Marina , Borges Marcio , Giménez María-José , Rodríguez Alejandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Regardless of the available antifungals, intraabdominal candidiasis (IAC) mortality continues to be high and represents a challenge for clinicians.

Main body
This opinion paper discusses alternative antifungal options for treating IAC. This clinical entity should be addressed separately from candidemia due to the peculiarity of the required penetration of antifungals into the peritoneal cavity. Intraabdominal concentrations may be further restricted in critically ill patients where pathophysiological facts alter normal drug distribution. Echinocandins are recommended as first-line treatment in guidelines for invasive candidiasis. However, considering published data, our pharmacodynamic analysis suggests the required increase of doses, postulated by some authors, to attain adequate pharmacokinetic (PK) levels in peritoneal fluid. Given the limited evidence in the literature on PK/PD-based treatments of IAC, an algorithm is proposed to guide antifungal treatment. Liposomal amphotericin B is advocated as first-line therapy in patients with sepsis/septic shock presenting candidemia or endophthalmitis, or with prior exposure to echinocandins and/or fluconazole, or with infections by Candida glabrata. Other situations and alternatives, such as new compounds or combination therapy, are also analysed.

Conclusion
There is a critical need for more robust clinical trials, studies examining patient heterogeneity and surveillance of antifungal resistance to enhance patient care and optimise treatment outcomes. Such evidence will help refine the existing guidelines and contribute to a more personalised and effective approach to treating this serious medical condition. Meanwhile, it is suggested to broaden the consideration of other options, such as liposomal amphotericin B, as first-line treatment until the results of the fungogram are available and antifungal stewardship could be implemented to prevent the development of resistance.
Human basal-like breast cancer is represented by one of the two mammary tumor subtypes in dogs
Authors: Watson Joshua , Wang Tianfang , Ho Kun-Lin , Feng Yuan , Mahawan Tanakamol , Dobbin Kevin K. , Zhao Shaying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
About 20% of breast cancers in humans are basal-like, a subtype that is often triple-negative and difficult to treat. An effective translational model for basal-like breast cancer is currently lacking and urgently needed. To determine whether spontaneous mammary tumors in pet dogs could meet this need, we subtyped canine mammary tumors and evaluated the dog–human molecular homology at the subtype level.

Methods
We subtyped 236 canine mammary tumors from 3 studies by applying various subtyping strategies on their RNA-seq data. We then performed PAM50 classification with canine tumors alone, as well as with canine tumors combined with human breast tumors. We identified feature genes for human BLBC and luminal A subtypes via machine learning and used these genes to repeat canine-alone and cross-species tumor classifications. We investigated differential gene expression, signature gene set enrichment, expression association, mutational landscape, and other features for dog–human subtype comparison.

Results
Our independent genome-wide subtyping consistently identified two molecularly distinct subtypes among the canine tumors. One subtype is mostly basal-like and clusters with human BLBC in cross-species PAM50 and feature gene classifications, while the other subtype does not cluster with any human breast cancer subtype. Furthermore, the canine basal-like subtype recaptures key molecular features (e.g., cell cycle gene upregulation, TP53 mutation) and gene expression patterns that characterize human BLBC. It is enriched in histological subtypes that match human breast cancer, unlike the other canine subtype. However, about 33% of canine basal-like tumors are estrogen receptor negative (ER−) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+), which is rare in human breast cancer. Further analysis reveals that these ER−PR+ canine tumors harbor additional basal-like features, including upregulation of genes of interferon-γ response and of the Wnt-pluripotency pathway. Interestingly, we observed an association of PGR expression with gene silencing in all canine tumors and with the expression of T cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PDCD1) in ER−PR+ canine tumors.

Conclusions
We identify a canine mammary tumor subtype that molecularly resembles human BLBC overall and thus could serve as a vital translational model of this devastating breast cancer subtype. Our study also sheds light on the dog–human difference in the mammary tumor histology and the hormonal cycle.
Intranasal human-recombinant NGF administration improves outcome in children with post-traumatic unresponsive wakefulness syndrome
Authors: Gatto Antonio , Capossela Lavinia , Conti Giorgio , Eftimiadi Gemma , Ferretti Serena , Manni Luigi , Curatola Antonietta , Graglia Benedetta , Di Sarno Lorenzo , Calcagni Maria Lucia , Di Giuda Daniela , Cecere Stefano , Romeo Domenico Marco , Soligo Marzia , Picconi Enzo , Piastra Marco , Della Marca Giacomo , Staccioli Susanna , Ruggiero Antonio , Cocciolillo Fabrizio , Pulitanò Silvia , Chiaretti Antonio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most dramatic events in pediatric age and, despite advanced neuro-intensive care, the survival rate of these patients remains low. Children suffering from severe TBI show long-term sequelae, more pronounced in behavioral, neurological and neuropsychological functions leading to, in the most severe cases, an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). Currently, no effective treatments can restore neuronal loss or produce significant improvement in these patients. In experimental animal models, human- recombinant Nerve Growth Factor (hr-NGF) promotes neural recovery supporting neuronal growth, differentiation and survival of brain cells and up-regulating the neurogenesis-associated processes. Only a few studies reported the efficacy of intranasal hr-NGF administration in children with post- traumatic UWS.

Methods
Children with the diagnosis of post-traumatic UWS were enrolled. These patients underwent a treatment with intranasal hr-NGF administration, at a total dose of 50 gamma/kg, three times a day for 7 consecutive days. The treatment schedule was performed for 4 cycles, at one month distance each. Neuroradiogical evaluation by Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Power Spectral Density (PSD) was determined before the treatment and one month after the end. Neurological assessment was also deepened by using modified Ashworth Scale, Gross Motor Function Measure, and Disability Rating Scale.

Results
Three children with post-traumatic UWS were treated. hr-NGF administration improved functional (PET and SPECT) and electrophysiological (EEG and PSD) assessment. Also clinical conditions improved, mainly for the reduction of spasticity and with the acquisition of voluntary movements, facial mimicry, attention and verbal comprehension, ability to cry, cough reflex, oral motility, and feeding capacity, with a significant improvement of their neurological scores. No side effects were reported.

Conclusion
These promising results and the ease of administration of this treatment make it worthwhile to be investigated further, mainly in the early stages from severe TBI and in patients with better baseline neurological conditions, to explore more thoroughly the benefits of this new approach on neuronal function recovery after traumatic brain damage.
Direct interspecies electron transfer mechanisms of a biochar-amended anaerobic digestion: a review
Authors: Valentin Marvin T. , Luo Gang , Zhang Shicheng , Białowiec Andrzej 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the mechanisms of biochar that facilitate direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) among syntrophic microorganisms leading to improved anaerobic digestion. Properties such as specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), presence of functional groups (FG), and electrical conductivity (EC) were found favorable for increased methane production, reduction of lag phase, and adsorption of inhibitors. It is revealed that these properties can be modified and are greatly affected by the synthesizing temperature, biomass types, and residence time. Additionally, suitable biochar concentration has to be observed since dosage beyond the optimal range can create inhibitions. High organic loading rate (OLR), pH shocks, quick accumulation and relatively low degradation of VFAs, and the presence of heavy metals and toxins are the major inhibitors identified. Summaries of microbial community analysis show fermentative bacteria and methanogens that are known to participate in DIET. These are Methanosaeta, Methanobacterium, Methanospirillum, and Methanosarcina for the archaeal community; whereas, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, Spirochetes, and Bacteroidetes are relatively for bacterial analyses. However, the number of defined cocultures promoting DIET is very limited, and there is still a large percentage of unknown bacteria that are believed to support DIET. Moreover, the instantaneous growth of participating microorganisms has to be validated throughout the process.
Graphical abstract
Teleost genomic repeat landscapes in light of diversification rates and ecology
Authors: Reinar William B. , Tørresen Ole K. , Nederbragt Alexander J. , Matschiner Michael , Jentoft Sissel , Jakobsen Kjetill S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRepetitive DNA make up a considerable fraction of most eukaryotic genomes. In fish, transposable element (TE) activity has coincided with rapid species diversification. Here, we annotated the repetitive content in 100 genome assemblies, covering the major branches of the diverse lineage of teleost fish. We investigated if TE content correlates with family level net diversification rates and found support for a weak negative correlation. Further, we demonstrated that TE proportion correlates with genome size, but not to the proportion of short tandem repeats (STRs), which implies independent evolutionary paths. Marine and freshwater fish had large differences in STR content, with the most extreme propagation detected in the genomes of codfish species and Atlantic herring. Such a high density of STRs is likely to increase the mutational load, which we propose could be counterbalanced by high fecundity as seen in codfishes and herring.
Medicaid policy data for evaluating eligibility and programmatic changes
Authors: Shafer Paul R. , Katchmar Amanda , Callori Steven , Alam Raisa , Patel Roshni , Choi Sugy , Auty Samantha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provide health insurance coverage to more than 90 million Americans as of early 2023. There is substantial variation in eligibility criteria, application procedures, premiums, and other programmatic characteristics across states and over time. Analyzing changes in Medicaid policies is important for state and federal agencies and other stakeholders, but such analysis requires data on historical programmatic characteristics that are often not available in a form ready for quantitative analysis. Our objective is to fill this gap by synthesizing existing qualitative policy data to create a new data resource that facilitates Medicaid policy research.

Data description
Our source data were the 50-state surveys of Medicaid and CHIP eligibility, enrollment, and cost-sharing policies, and budgets conducted near annually by KFF since 2000, which we coded through 2020. These reports are a rich source of point-in-time information but not operationalized for quantitative analysis. Through a review of the measures captured in the KFF surveys, we developed five Medicaid policy domains with 122 measures in total, each coded by state-quarter—1) eligibility (28 measures), 2) enrollment and renewal processes (39 measures), 3) premiums (16 measures), 4) cost-sharing (26 measures), and 5) managed care (13 measures).
The impact of helminth-induced immunity on infection with bacteria or viruses
Authors: Chen Hong , Cao Zengguo , Liu Mingyuan , Diamond Michael S. , Jin Xuemin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDifferent human and animal pathogens trigger distinct immune responses in their hosts. The infection of bacteria or viruses can trigger type I pro-inflammatory immune responses (e.g., IFN-γ, TNF-α, TH1 cells), whereas infection by helminths typically elicits a type II host resistance and tolerizing immune response (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TH2 cells). In some respects, the type I and II immune responses induced by these different classes of pathogens are antagonistic. Indeed, recent studies indicate that infection by helminths differentially shapes the response and outcome of subsequent infection by viruses and bacteria. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how helminth infections influence concurrent or subsequent microbial infections and also discuss the implications for helminth-mediated immunity on the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 disease.
Thermal conditioning of quail embryos has transgenerational and reversible long-term effects
Authors: Vitorino Carvalho Anaïs , Hennequet-Antier Christelle , Rouger Romuald , Delaveau Joël , Bordeau Thierry , Crochet Sabine , Couroussé Nathalie , Pitel Frederique , Collin Anne , Coustham Vincent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In the current context of global warming, thermal manipulation of avian embryos has received increasing attention as a strategy to promote heat tolerance in avian species by simply increasing the egg incubation temperature. However, because of their likely epigenetic origin, thermal manipulation effects may last more than one generation with consequences for the poultry industry. In this work, a multigenerational and transgenerational analysis of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis was performed to uncover the long-term effects of such procedure.

Results
Thermal manipulation repeated during 4 generations had an effect on hatchability, body weight, and weight of eggs laid in Japanese quails, with some effects increasing in importance over generations. Moreover, the effects on body weight and egg weight could be transmitted transgenerationally, suggesting non-genetic inheritance mechanisms. This hypothesis is reinforced by the observed reversion of the effect on growth after five unexposed generations. Interestingly, a beneficial effect of thermal manipulation on heat tolerance was observed a few days after hatching, but this effect was not transgenerational.

Conclusions
Our multigenerational study showed that thermal conditioning of quail embryos has a beneficial effect on post-hatch heat tolerance hampered by transgenerational but reversible defects on growth. Assuming that no genetic variability underlies these changes, this study provides the first demonstration of epigenetic inheritance of traits induced by environmental temperature modification associated with long-term impacts in an avian species.
Analysis of strain, sex, and diet-dependent modulation of gut microbiota reveals candidate keystone organisms driving microbial diversity in response to American and ketogenic diets
Authors: Salvador Anna C. , Huda M. Nazmul , Arends Danny , Elsaadi Ahmed M. , Gacasan C. Anthony , Brockmann Gudrun A. , Valdar William , Bennett Brian J. , Threadgill David W. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The gut microbiota is modulated by a combination of diet, host genetics, and sex effects. The magnitude of these effects and interactions among them is important to understanding inter-individual variability in gut microbiota. In a previous study, mouse strain-specific responses to American and ketogenic diets were observed along with several QTLs for metabolic traits. In the current study, we searched for genetic variants underlying differences in the gut microbiota in response to American and ketogenic diets, which are high in fat and vary in carbohydrate composition, between C57BL/6 J (B6) and FVB/NJ (FVB) mouse strains.

Results
Genetic mapping of microbial features revealed 18 loci under the QTL model (i.e., marginal effects that are not specific to diet or sex), 12 loci under the QTL by diet model, and 1 locus under the QTL by sex model. Multiple metabolic and microbial features map to the distal part of Chr 1 and Chr 16 along with eigenvectors extracted from principal coordinate analysis of measures of β-diversity. Bilophila, Ruminiclostridium 9, and Rikenella (Chr 1) were identified as sex- and diet-independent QTL candidate keystone organisms, and Parabacteroides (Chr 16) was identified as a diet-specific, candidate keystone organism in confirmatory factor analyses of traits mapping to these regions. For many microbial features, irrespective of which QTL model was used, diet or the interaction between diet and a genotype were the strongest predictors of the abundance of each microbial trait. Sex, while important to the analyses, was not as strong of a predictor for microbial abundances.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that sex, diet, and genetic background have different magnitudes of effects on inter-individual differences in gut microbiota. Therefore, Precision Nutrition through the integration of genetic variation, microbiota, and sex affecting microbiota variation will be important to predict response to diets varying in carbohydrate composition.
Mendelian randomization analysis reveals fresh fruit intake as a protective factor for urolithiasis
Authors: Lin Yiwei , Zhou Cheng , Wu Yuqing , Chen Hong , Xie Liping , Zheng Xiangyi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
Previous studies have proposed that food intakes are associated with the risk of urolithiasis. Here, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal effects of different food intakes on urolithiasis.

Methods
Independent genetic variants associated with different food intakes at a genome-wide significant level were selected from summary-level statistics of genome-wide association studies from the UK Biobank. The association of these instrumental variables with urolithiasis was studied in a cohort from FinnGen Consortium.

Results
Among the 15 studied food intake exposures, tea intake (odds ratio [OR] = 0.433, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.281–0.667, p value = 1.470 × 10–4) and fresh fruit intake (OR = 0.358, 95% CI = 0.185–0.694, p value = 0.002) were found to significantly reduce the risk of the calculus of kidney and ureter. The association remained consistent in the sensitivity analyses. After adjusting for the effects of vitamin D and vitamin C, fresh fruit intake remained the reverse causal association with the calculus of kidney and ureter.

Conclusions
Genetically proxied fresh fruit intake is causally associated with a reduced risk of the calculus of kidney and ureter.
Childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use among chinese young adults: the mediating roles of peer attachment and fear of missing out
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tan Ding-liang , Jiang Bo , Lei Ting-ting 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Research has revealed that childhood neglect may be a risk factor for problematic smartphone use among young adults in China. However, few studies have examined the mediating roles of peer attachment and the fear of missing out in the relationship between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use. To fill this gap, the present study proposes a multiple mediation model to understand the relationships among childhood neglect, peer attachment, fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use among young adults.

Methods
A total of 869 young adults in China completed questionnaires for evaluating different levels of the relationships between childhood neglect, peer attachment, the fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and MPLUS8.3.

Results
The results showed that childhood neglect was positively associated with problematic smartphone use among young adults in China. Moreover, peer attachment and the fear of missing out had partial mediating effects as well as sequential mediating effects in the relationship between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use among young adults.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, peer attachment and the fear of missing out, as mediators, could be considered proximal factors affecting problematic smartphone use among young adults. These findings broaden our understanding of the psychological processes that underlie the association between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use and afford practical guidance on reducing the risks associated with problematic smartphone use.