Exploring older people's experiences of the interpersonal care relationship between nurses and patients during hospitalization in the pandemic period: A qualitative study
Authors: Pérez‐Rugosa Victoria , de Lorena‐Quintal Pablo , Domínguez‐Valdés Esther , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Antonia , Núñez‐Castro Isabel , Suárez‐Fernández Yolanda , Sarabia‐Cobo Carmen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThis article presents the findings of a qualitative study focusing on the experiences of people aged over 70 years in the interpersonal nurse–patient care relationship in hospital settings during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim was to analyse different aspects of this relationship, including nurses' behaviour and caring attitudes, the person‐centred model of care, patients' involvement in their own care and communication in the hospital context.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted on the basis of an interpretative framework.MethodsSix focus groups were conducted. A total of 34 participants were purposively recruited from three nursing homes in Spain, Italy and Portugal. Specific inclusion criteria were used to select participants.ResultsFive main categories were identified. Analysis revealed the importance of empathy and sensitivity in caring relationships, as well as the need for personalized and patient‐centred care. The importance of effective communication and recognition of ageist behaviour by professionals was highlighted. In addition, independent of the pandemic, situational factors in the hospital environment were identified that influence the interpersonal care relationship.ConclusionsThe study highlights the need to promote a person‐centred model of care that takes into account the specific preferences and needs of older people. This is achieved by identifying elements of the interpersonal nurse–patient relationship. In addition to highlighting the disparity of opinion regarding an active or passive role in self‐care and decision making, the importance of addressing ageism and improving communication is emphasized.What problem did the study address?

The importance of the patient–nurse relationship in hospital care has been highlighted in previous studies.
Critical elements of the patient care experience have been identified as empathy and effective communication.
Ageism in healthcare has been recognized as a potential barrier to patient‐centred care.

What were the key findings?The main findings highlight the importance of empathy and personalized care, emphasize the importance of effective communication and address ageist behaviours in the nurse–patient relationship.Where and who will the research impact?By highlighting the need for person‐centred care and improved communication strategies, particularly in the context of caring for older patients during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, this research will have an impact on healthcare professionals, policy makers and carers.Reporting MethodThe COREQ guideline was used.Patient or public contributionThis study adopted a collaborative approach to ensure that patient perspectives were integrated into the research process. We organized regular focus groups. Patients were actively involved in shaping the research questions, refining the study design and interpreting the emerging findings. Their valuable input helped us to understand the nuances of their experience and to prioritize the aspects that were critical to their well‐being. In addition, their insights guided the development of practical recommendations aimed at improving the interpersonal care relationship between nurses and patients in hospital settings, ensuring that their voices were heard and reflected in the proposed interventions. This patient‐centred approach fostered a sense of empowerment among the participants. It reinforced the notion that their experiences and opinions are integral to shaping healthcare practice.