bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific interactions between stress axis and redox balance are associated with internalizing symptoms and brain white matter microstructure in adolescents
Authors: Schilliger Zoé , Alemán-Gómez Yasser , Magnus Smith Mariana , Celen Zeynep , Meuleman Ben , Binz Pierre-Alain , Steullet Pascal , Do Kim Q. , Conus Philippe , Merglen Arnaud , Piguet Camille , Dwir Daniella , Klauser Paul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdolescence is marked by the maturation of systems involved in emotional regulation and by an increased risk for internalizing disorders (anxiety/depression), especially in females. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function and redox homeostasis (balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants) have both been associated with internalizing disorders and may represent critical factors for the development of brain networks of emotional regulation. However, sex-specific interactions between these factors and internalizing symptoms and their link with brain maturation remain unexplored. We investigated in a cohort of adolescents aged 13–15 from the general population (n = 69) whether sex-differences in internalizing symptoms were associated with the glutathione (GSH)-redox cycle homeostasis and HPA-axis function and if these parameters were associated with brain white matter microstructure development. Female adolescents displayed higher levels of internalizing symptoms, GSH-peroxidase (GPx) activity and cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio than males. There was a strong correlation between GPx and GSH-reductase (Gred) activities in females only. The cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio, related to the HPA-axis activity, was associated with internalizing symptoms in both sexes, whereas GPx activity was associated with internalizing symptoms in females specifically. The cortisol/11-deoxycortisol ratio mediated sex-differences in internalizing symptoms and the association between anxiety and GPx activity in females specifically. In females, GPx activity was positively associated with generalized fractional anisotropy in widespread white matter brain regions. We found that higher levels of internalizing symptoms in female adolescents than in males relate to sex-differences in HPA-axis function. In females, our results suggest an important interplay between HPA-axis function and GSH-homeostasis, a parameter strongly associated with brain white matter microstructure.
DDRGK1-mediated ER-phagy attenuates acute kidney injury through ER-stress and apoptosis
Authors: Jin Haijiao , Yang Yuanting , Zhu Xuying , Zhou Yin , Xu Yao , Li Jialin , Qi Chaojun , Shao Xinghua , Wu Jingkui , Wu Shan , Cai Hong , Gu Leyi , Mou Shan , Ni Zhaohui , Li Shu , Lin Qisheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) constitutes a prevalent clinical syndrome characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality rates, emerging as a significant public health issue. This study investigates the interplay between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), and ER-associated degradation (ER-phagy) in the pathogenesis of AKI. We employed four distinct murine models of AKI—induced by contrast media, ischemia–reperfusion injury, cisplatin, and folic acid—to elucidate the relationship between ER-phagy, ER stress, and apoptosis. Our findings reveal a marked decrease in ER-phagy coinciding with an accumulation of damaged ER, elevated ER stress, and increased apoptosis across all AKI models. Importantly, overexpression of DDRGK1 in HK-2 cells enhanced ER-phagy levels, ameliorating contrast-induced ER stress and apoptosis. These findings unveil a novel protective mechanism in AKI, wherein DDRGK1–UFL1-mediated ER-phagy mitigates ER stress and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells. Our results thereby contribute to understanding the molecular underpinnings of AKI and offer potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
An environmental justice analysis of air pollution emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2010
Authors: Nunez Yanelli , Benavides Jaime , Shearston Jenni A. , Krieger Elena M. , Daouda Misbath , Henneman Lucas R. F. , McDuffie Erin E. , Goldsmith Jeff , Casey Joan A. , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the last decades, air pollution emissions have decreased substantially; however, inequities in air pollution persist. We evaluate county-level racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in emissions changes from six air pollution source sectors (industry [SO2], energy [SO2, NOx], agriculture [NH3], commercial [NOx], residential [particulate organic carbon], and on-road transportation [NOx]) in the contiguous United States during the 40 years following the Clean Air Act (CAA) enactment (1970-2010). We calculate relative emission changes and examine the differential changes given county demographics using hierarchical nested models. The results show racial/ethnic disparities, particularly in the industry and energy generation source sectors. We also find that median family income is a driver of variation in relative emissions changes in all sectors—counties with median family income >$75 K vs. less generally experience larger relative declines in industry, energy, transportation, residential, and commercial-related emissions. Emissions from most air pollution source sectors have, on a national level, decreased following the United States CAA. In this work, we show that the relative reductions in emissions varied across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Flexible, scalable, high channel count stereo-electrode for recording in the human brain
Authors: Lee Keundong , Paulk Angelique C. , Ro Yun Goo , Cleary Daniel R. , Tonsfeldt Karen J. , Kfir Yoav , Pezaris John S. , Tchoe Youngbin , Lee Jihwan , Bourhis Andrew M. , Vatsyayan Ritwik , Martin Joel R. , Russman Samantha M. , Yang Jimmy C. , Baohan Amy , Richardson R. Mark , Williams Ziv M. , Fried Shelley I. , Hoi Sang U. , Raslan Ahmed M. , Ben-Haim Sharona , Halgren Eric , Cash Sydney S. , Dayeh Shadi. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, stereotactically placed electrodes have become the gold standard for deep brain recording and stimulation for a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Current electrodes, however, are limited in their spatial resolution and ability to record from small populations of neurons, let alone individual neurons. Here, we report on an innovative, customizable, monolithically integrated human-grade flexible depth electrode capable of recording from up to 128 channels and able to record at a depth of 10 cm in brain tissue. This thin, stylet-guided depth electrode is capable of recording local field potentials and single unit neuronal activity (action potentials), validated across species. This device represents an advance in manufacturing and design approaches which extends the capabilities of a mainstay technology in clinical neurology.
Reconfiguring nucleation for CVD growth of twisted bilayer MoS2 with a wide range of twist angles
Authors: Xu Manzhang , Ji Hongjia , Zheng Lu , Li Weiwei , Wang Jing , Wang Hanxin , Luo Lei , Lu Qianbo , Gan Xuetao , Liu Zheng , Wang Xuewen , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwisted bilayer (TB) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) beyond TB-graphene are considered an ideal platform for investigating condensed matter physics, due to the moiré superlattices-related peculiar band structures and distinct electronic properties. The growth of large-area and high-quality TB-TMDCs with wide twist angles would be significant for exploring twist angle-dependent physics and applications, but remains challenging to implement. Here, we propose a reconfiguring nucleation chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy for directly synthesizing TB-MoS2 with twist angles from 0° to 120°. The twist angles-dependent Moiré periodicity can be clearly observed, and the interlayer coupling shows a strong relationship to the twist angles. Moreover, the yield of TB-MoS2 in bilayer MoS2 and density of TB-MoS2 are significantly improved to 17.2% and 28.9 pieces/mm2 by tailoring gas flow rate and molar ratio of NaCl to MoO3. The proposed reconfiguring nucleation approach opens an avenue for the precise growth of TB-TMDCs for both fundamental research and practical applications.
Leveraging single-cell ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to identify disease-critical fetal and adult brain cell types
Authors: Kim Samuel S. , Truong Buu , Jagadeesh Karthik , Dey Kushal K. , Shen Amber Z. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Kellis Manolis , Price Alkes L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrioritizing disease-critical cell types by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with functional data is a fundamental goal. Single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) and gene expression (scRNA-seq) have characterized cell types at high resolution, and studies integrating GWAS with scRNA-seq have shown promise, but studies integrating GWAS with scATAC-seq have been limited. Here, we identify disease-critical fetal and adult brain cell types by integrating GWAS summary statistics from 28 brain-related diseases/traits (average N = 298 K) with 3.2 million scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq profiles from 83 cell types. We identified disease-critical fetal (respectively adult) brain cell types for 22 (respectively 23) of 28 traits using scATAC-seq, and for 8 (respectively 17) of 28 traits using scRNA-seq. Significant scATAC-seq enrichments included fetal photoreceptor cells for major depressive disorder, fetal ganglion cells for BMI, fetal astrocytes for ADHD, and adult VGLUT2 excitatory neurons for schizophrenia. Our findings improve our understanding of brain-related diseases/traits and inform future analyses.
Anomalous localization in a kicked quasicrystal
Authors: Shimasaki Toshihiko , Prichard Max , Kondakci H. Esat , Pagett Jared E. , Bai Yifei , Dotti Peter , Cao Alec , Dardia Anna R. , Lu Tsung-Cheng , Grover Tarun , Weld David M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantum transport can distinguish between dynamical phases of matter. For instance, ballistic propagation characterizes the absence of disorder, whereas in many-body localized phases, particles do not propagate for exponentially long times. Additional possibilities include states of matter exhibiting anomalous transport in which particles propagate with a non-trivial exponent. Here we report the experimental observation of anomalous transport across a broad range of the phase diagram of a kicked quasicrystal. The Hamiltonian of our system has been predicted to exhibit a rich phase diagram, including not only fully localized and fully delocalized phases but also an extended region comprising a nested pattern of localized, delocalized and multifractal states, which gives rise to anomalous transport. Our cold-atom realization is enabled by new Floquet engineering techniques, which expand the accessible phase diagram by five orders of magnitude. Mapping transport properties throughout the phase diagram, we observe disorder-driven re-entrant delocalization and sub-ballistic transport, and we present a theoretical explanation of these phenomena based on eigenstate multifractality.
Flexoelectric polarizing and control of a ferromagnetic metal
Authors: Peng Wei , Park Se Young , Roh Chang Jae , Mun Junsik , Ju Hwiin , Kim Jinkwon , Ko Eun Kyo , Liang Zhengguo , Hahn Sungsoo , Zhang Jinfeng , Sanchez Ana M. , Walker David , Hindmarsh Steven , Si Liang , Jo Yong Jin , Jo Yongjoo , Kim Tae Heon , Kim Changyoung , Wang Lingfei , Kim Miyoung , Lee Jong Seok , Noh Tae Won , Lee Daesu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectric polarization is well defined only in insulators not metals, and there is no general scheme to induce and control bulk polarity in metals. Here we circumvent this limitation by utilizing a pseudo-electric field generated by inhomogeneous lattice strain, namely a flexoelectric field, as a means of polarizing and controlling a metal. Using heteroepitaxy and atomic-scale imaging, we show that flexoelectric fields polarize the bulk of an otherwise centrosymmetric metal SrRuO3, with off-centre displacements of Ru ions. This further impacts the electronic bands and lattice anisotropy of the flexo-polar SrRuO3, potentially leading to an enhancement of electron correlation, ferromagnetism and its anisotropy. Beyond conventional electric fields, flexoelectric fields may be used to create and control electronic states through pure atomic displacements.
Observation of interband Berry phase in laser-driven crystals
Authors: Uzan-Narovlansky Ayelet J. , Faeyrman Lior , Brown Graham G. , Shames Sergei , Narovlansky Vladimir , Xiao Jiewen , Arusi-Parpar Talya , Kneller Omer , Bruner Barry D. , Smirnova Olga , Silva Rui E. F. , Yan Binghai , Jiménez-Galán Álvaro , Ivanov Misha , Dudovich Nirit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEver since its discovery1, the notion of the Berry phase has permeated all branches of physics and plays an important part in a variety of quantum phenomena2. However, so far all its realizations have been based on a continuous evolution of the quantum state, following a cyclic path. Here we introduce and demonstrate a conceptually new manifestation of the Berry phase in light-driven crystals, in which the electronic wavefunction accumulates a geometric phase during a discrete evolution between different bands, while preserving the coherence of the process. We experimentally reveal this phase by using a strong laser field to engineer an internal interferometer, induced during less than one cycle of the driving field, which maps the phase onto the emission of higher-order harmonics. Our work provides an opportunity for the study of geometric phases, leading to a variety of observations in light-driven topological phenomena and attosecond solid-state physics.
Alternative splicing of latrophilin-3 controls synapse formation
Authors: Wang Shuai , DeLeon Chelsea , Sun Wenfei , Quake Stephen R. , Roth Bryan L. , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe assembly and specification of synapses in the brain is incompletely understood1–3. Latrophilin-3 (encoded by Adgrl3, also known as Lphn3)—a postsynaptic adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor—mediates synapse formation in the hippocampus4 but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show in mice that LPHN3 organizes synapses through a convergent dual-pathway mechanism: activation of Gαs signalling and recruitment of phase-separated postsynaptic protein scaffolds. We found that cell-type-specific alternative splicing of Lphn3 controls the LPHN3 G-protein-coupling mode, resulting in LPHN3 variants that predominantly signal through Gαs or Gα12/13. CRISPR-mediated manipulation of Lphn3 alternative splicing that shifts LPHN3 from a Gαs- to a Gα12/13-coupled mode impaired synaptic connectivity as severely as the overall deletion of Lphn3, suggesting that Gαs signalling by LPHN3 splice variants mediates synapse formation. Notably, Gαs-coupled, but not Gα12/13-coupled, splice variants of LPHN3 also recruit phase-transitioned postsynaptic protein scaffold condensates, such that these condensates are clustered by binding of presynaptic teneurin and FLRT ligands to LPHN3. Moreover, neuronal activity promotes alternative splicing of the synaptogenic Gαs-coupled variant of LPHN3. Together, these data suggest that activity-dependent alternative splicing of a key synaptic adhesion molecule controls synapse formation by parallel activation of two convergent pathways: Gαs signalling and clustered phase separation of postsynaptic protein scaffolds.
Autoreactive T cells target peripheral nerves in Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Súkeníková L. , Mallone A. , Schreiner B. , Ripellino P. , Nilsson J. , Stoffel M. , Ulbrich S. E. , Sallusto F. , Latorre D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare heterogenous disorder of the peripheral nervous system, which is usually triggered by a preceding infection, and causes a potentially life-threatening progressive muscle weakness1. Although GBS is considered an autoimmune disease, the mechanisms that underlie its distinct clinical subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, by combining in vitro T cell screening, single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, we identify autoreactive memory CD4+ cells, that show a cytotoxic T helper 1 (TH1)-like phenotype, and rare CD8+ T cells that target myelin antigens of the peripheral nerves in patients with the demyelinating disease variant. We characterized more than 1,000 autoreactive single T cell clones, which revealed a polyclonal TCR repertoire, short CDR3β lengths, preferential HLA-DR restrictions and recognition of immunodominant epitopes. We found that autoreactive TCRβ clonotypes were expanded in the blood of the same patient at distinct disease stages and, notably, that they were shared in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid across different patients with GBS, but not in control individuals. Finally, we identified myelin-reactive T cells in the nerve biopsy from one patient, which indicates that these cells contribute directly to disease pathophysiology. Collectively, our data provide clear evidence of autoreactive T cell immunity in a subset of patients with GBS, and open new perspectives in the field of inflammatory peripheral neuropathies, with potential impact for biomedical applications.
Sulfur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b
Authors: Powell Diana , Feinstein Adina D. , Lee Elspeth K. H. , Zhang Michael , Tsai Shang-Min , Taylor Jake , Kirk James , Bell Taylor , Barstow Joanna K. , Gao Peter , Bean Jacob L. , Blecic Jasmina , Chubb Katy L. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Jordan Sean , Kitzmann Daniel , Moran Sarah E. , Morello Giuseppe , Moses Julianne I. , Welbanks Luis , Yang Jeehyun , Zhang Xi , Ahrer Eva-Maria , Bello-Arufe Aaron , Brande Jonathan , Casewell S. L. , Crouzet Nicolas , Cubillos Patricio E. , Demory Brice-Olivier , Dyrek Achrène , Flagg Laura , Hu Renyu , Inglis Julie , Jones Kathryn D. , Kreidberg Laura , López-Morales Mercedes , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Meier Valdés Erik A. , Miguel Yamila , Parmentier Vivien , Piette Anjali A. A. , Rackham Benjamin V. , Radica Michael , Redfield Seth , Stevenson Kevin B. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Aggarwal Keshav , Alam Munazza K. , Batalha Natalie M. , Batalha Natasha E. , Benneke Björn , Berta-Thompson Zach K. , Brady Ryan P. , Caceres Claudio , Carter Aarynn L. , Désert Jean-Michel , Harrington Joseph , Iro Nicolas , Line Michael R. , Lothringer Joshua D. , MacDonald Ryan J. , Mancini Luigi , Molaverdikhani Karan , Mukherjee Sagnick , Nixon Matthew C. , Oza Apurva V. , Palle Enric , Rustamkulov Zafar , Sing David K. , Steinrueck Maria E. , Venot Olivia , Wheatley Peter J. , Yurchenko Sergei N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations1–3 suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres4. This is because of the low (<1 ppb) abundance of SO2 under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H2O and H2S (1–10 ppm)4–9. However, the SO2 inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 μm and, therefore, the detection of other SO2 absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO2 abundance. Here we report the detection of SO2 spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 μm in the 5–12-μm transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS)10. Our observations suggest an abundance of SO2 of 0.5–25 ppm (1σ range), consistent with previous findings4. As well as SO2, we find broad water-vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 μm. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy-element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of approximately 7.1–8.0 times solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range.
The Multi-temporal and Multi-dimensional Global Urban Centre Database to Delineate and Analyse World Cities
Authors: Melchiorri Michele , Freire Sergio , Schiavina Marcello , Florczyk Aneta , Corbane Christina , Maffenini Luca , Pesaresi Martino , Politis Panagiotis , Szabo Filip , Ehrlich Daniele , Tommasi Pierpaolo , Airaghi Donato , Zanchetta Luigi , Kemper Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMonitoring sustainable urban development requires comparable geospatial information on cities across several thematic domains. Here we present the first global database combining such information with city extents. The Global Human Settlement Urban Centre Database (GHS-UCDB) is produced by geospatial data integration to characterise more than 10,000 urban centres worldwide. The database is multi-dimensional and multi-temporal, containing 28 variables across five domains and having multitemporal attributes for one or more epochs when the UC are delineated (1975-1990-2000-2015). Delineation of urban centres for the year 2015 is performed via a logic of grid cell population density, population size, and grid cell contiguity defined by the Degree of Urbanisation method. Each of the urban centres has 160 attributes, including a validation assessment. The novel aspects of this database concern the thematic richness and temporal depth of the variables (across geography, socio-economic, environmental, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development domains) and the type of geo-information provided (location and extent), featuring an overall consistency that allows comparative analyses across locations and time.
Bioconvective flow of Maxwell nanoparticles with variable thermal conductivity and convective boundary conditions
Authors: Hanafy Hassan , Tlili Iskander 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOwing to recent development in the thermal sciences, scientists are focusing towards the wide applications of nanofluids in industrial systems, engineering processes, medical sciences, enhancing the transport sources, energy production etc. In various available studies on nanomaterials, the thermal significance of nanoparticles has been presented in view of constant thermal conductivity and fluid viscosity. However, exponents verify that in many industrial and engineering process, the fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity cannot be treated as a constant. The motivation of current research is to investigates the improved thermal aspects of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid attaining the variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. The nanofluid referred to the suspension of microorganisms to ensure the stability. The insight of heat transfer is predicted under the assumptions of radiated phenomenon. Additionally, the variable thermal conductivity assumptions are encountered to examine the transport phenomenon. Whole investigation is supported with key contribution of convective-Nield boundary conditions. In order to evaluating the numerical computations of problem, a famous shooting technique is utilized. After ensuring the validity of solution, physical assessment of problem is focused. It is claimed that velocity profile boosted due to variable viscosity parameter. A reduction in temperature profile is noted due to thermal relaxation constant.