bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost of excellence
Authors: Michael Steve O. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo examine the relationship between financial resources and variables associated with institutional rankings in the USA.Design/methodology/approachPearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between endowment funds and variables associated with rankings as determined by the U.S. News & World Report.FindingsCollege costs continue to increase faster than per capita income. Institutions are relying more on endowment funds to meet their needs. Endowment was positively associated with almost all the variables used for ranking top national doctoral universities with the largest endowment amounts. When endowment per student was used, the association became even stronger with these ranking variables. Endowment was weakly associated with almost all the variables used for ranking top national doctoral universities with the lowest endowment amounts. Relationships of endowment and ranking variables were stronger at medical research schools, business schools, and weaker at engineering schools.Originality/valueHigher education administrators must realize that these variables are cost‐inducing factors that cannot be fully satisfied. Unbridled pursuit of ranking variables will increase cost without commensurate increase in educational quality. Therefore, leaders must decide what rankings their resources allow and what position within the ranks is acceptable to them. Ranking agencies interested in quality should realize that money plays a significant role in how an institution is ranked. Therefore, institutions should be grouped according to the available resources before comparative analysis of ranking variables is made.
Operationalization of strategic change in continuing education
Authors: Wong Evia O.W. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeHong Kong continuing education has encountered vigorous change in recent years. It is not limited to the mode of teaching and learning. Changing government policies, fund cutting to the higher education system and the entry of overseas university degrees increase the intensity of competition in the environment to an extraordinary extent. There is a large increase in demand upon internal capabilities of both the continuing education institutions and their leaders to confront the challenging conditions. Aims to examine this situation.Design/methodology/approachThe alignment theory emphasizing strategic fit among the four elements – market competitiveness, business strategy, organizational culture, and leadership style – stresses the significance of matching the four elements within the same logic which are defined as “production”, “administration”, “development”, and “integration”. Strategic fit of four elements within the same logic enhances the organization's performance level. However, the phenomenon is limited in its way of operation. The researcher substitutes the phenomenon with an operationalization model of strategy fitting the four elements within the same logic by attempting an intensive case study of the strategic change process brought forward by the leader of the Built Environment Unit (BEU) of the School of Professional and Continuing Education of the University of Hong Kong.FindingsThe research concludes with a strategic change model of the BEU which emphasizes continuous learning, affection, participation and understanding. The model is built on a groundwork comprising academic identity building and culture management. Its concrete block structure is made up of contextualization in the aspects of program diversification, progression ladders and professional recognition. The whole work is reinforced by Built Environment Sustainability Symposia and a Qualifications Framework to confirm the loyalty of their students.Originality/valueThe model can be referred to as a framework by continuing education institution leaders who cope with similar market‐changing conditions.
Bridging the research‐practice gap: barriers and facilitators to research use among school principals from England and Israel
Authors: Hemsley‐Brown Jane , Oplatka Izhar 
Published: July 2005

PurposeWhen managers are faced with making a decision about what to do in a particular situation, do they base that decision on findings from research? This research paper seeks to report on qualitative and quantitative research which examined school principals' perceptions of barriers to the use of research.Design/methodology/approachTo facilitate a comparison the qualitative and quantitative study was conducted simultaneously in two countries, i.e. England and Israel, using individual and group interviews, and the Barriers Scale survey instrument.FindingsThe results of tests indicated that factors associated with the research itself (e.g. relevance and access), were significant barriers to research use for principals from both countries (compared with factors associated with the setting, the presentation of research, and the individual).Research limitations/implicationsThe authors acknowledge some limitations with respect to equivalence across cultures, particularly functional and contextual (e.g. political) equivalence.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes that multiple strategies would be required to address a number of issues related to the dissemination of research and ways of addressing the gap between the aims of researchers, and the needs and expectations of practitioners.Originality/valueThe topic is timely, and a comparative approach is particularly useful in any social area, especially in public school management.
Productivity of voluntary organizations: the case of Counseling Services for the Elderly (CSE) of the National Insurance Institute (NII) in Israel
Authors: Vitner Gad , Shalom Vera , Yodfat Avital 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo review the voluntary operations of Counseling Services for the Elderly, which has operated since 1972 under the National Insurance Institute of the State of Israel.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers the elderly population and its characteristics and the gradual development of the volunteering counseling services. The characteristics of the volunteers and their motivation in this work are also discussed. The training that volunteers undergo is constantly being updated and upgraded, and details are provided that cover home visits, consultations and special projects.FindingsCurrently, Counseling Services for the Elderly operates 4,278 volunteers in 21 branches across the country, supporting thousands of the elderly on a relatively low budget of less than $3 million for 2003.Originality/valueThe paper presents a unique voluntary service that is fully integrated into national welfare for the elderly. The service meets the objectives of assistance to the elderly while helping to maintain and develop the quality of life of the volunteer.
Presencing identity: organizational change and immaterial labor
Authors: Iedema Rick , Rhodes Carl , Scheeres Hermine 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo examine Hardt and Negri's discussions of immaterial labor in relation to personal identity and sociality at work in a context of the postmodernization of the global economy.Design/methodology/approachHardt and Negri's discussions of immaterial labor are reviewed in relation to their implications for social interaction and identity at work. Heidegger's idea of “presencing” is then used to examine the dynamic emergence of identity as an effect of the “affectualization” of work.FindingsGlobal trends towards an informationalized economy have profound implications for identity at work in that the dynamics of identity are foregrounded and managerial and organizational power structures that seek to define an essential worker identity are destabilized.Research limitations/implicationsSuggests that research into identity at work should include a focus on the immaterial dimensions of work and should consider the implications of this for the dynamic emergence of identity and for future forms of organization and management.Practical implicationsSuggests that the emergence of immaterial labor might provide increasing, albeit complex and contested, opportunities for worker participation; this is on what management relies, and what at the same time has the potential of undermining the legitimacy of management.Originality/valueProvides an innovative way of examining the dynamics of identity in contemporary organizations.
The “HRM project” and managerialism
Authors: Mueller Frank , Carter Chris 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to present a detailed examination of the relationship and debate between realist understandings of HRM, on the one hand, and discourse‐based notions of HRM, on the other. The objective is to provide a basis for a possible debate between these, seemingly contradictory, perspectives.Design/methodology/approachThe paper argues that these perspectives can be integrated if one adopts a perspective that overcomes this dualism by thinking of HRM as a “project” where speech acts and non‐linguistic forms of action are seen as interdependent. The paper uses interview extracts in order to illustrate how the HRM Project gets constituted but also resisted in the context of a post‐privatisation electricity company.FindingsThis paper is predicated on the notion that the discourse of HRM is closely intertwined with the shift in power relations between employers, managers, employees and trade unions from the early 1980s onwards. In order to capture the broader context of the discourse it is suggested that the notion of an “HRM Project” includes not only language but also practices, boundary‐spanning linkages, and external agents such as regulators and financial institutions.Originality/valueBuilds on the notion of discourse as a strategic resource.
An examination of restaurant loyalty programs: what kinds of rewards do customers prefer?
Authors: Jang Dongsuk , Mattila Anna S. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis study aims to investigate customer preferences towards loyalty reward programs in the restaurant industry. Willingness to join such programs and expected benefits are also examined.Design/methodology/approachFocus group interviews followed by a survey methodology were used to test the research questions. The study sample included participants in a popular arts festival in Pennsylvania, USA and restaurant patrons in Las Vegas, USA.FindingsA vast majority of study respondents favored immediate, necessary, and monetary gratification. These results were consistent across restaurant types (fast‐food versus casual dining). Although savings was the most sought‐after benefit, intangible benefits such as quality and convenience also received high ratings. Casual dining customers, in particular, seemed to be highly motivated by exploration and entertainment‐type benefits.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should investigate the optimal level or combination of rewards. In addition, other types of restaurants (e.g. fine dining) might require different types of reward schemes.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that restaurant operators in the casual dining and fast‐food segments should consider employing immediate, necessary, and monetary rewards as opposed to points‐system, luxury, and non‐monetary rewards. In terms of motivation to join loyalty reward programs, the study results indicate that casual dining patrons are looking for exciting and entertaining rewards in addition to mere cost savings.Originality/valueThis paper helps restaurant managers to better understand customer preferences for loyalty reward programs and to realize the value of targeted rewards.
A review of economic value drivers in convention and meeting management research
Authors: Jae Lee Myong , Back Ki‐Joon 
Published: July 2005

PurposeProposes to review convention and meeting management articles published in the hospitality and tourism literature.Design/methodology/approachUses content analysis of 147 articles published in hospitality and tourism journals for the 14 years from 1990 to 2003.FindingsIdentifies five core research themes, i.e. economic impact of conventions, site selection, meeting participation processes, destination marketing, and advances in technology.Originality/valueOffers the first thematic view of convention and meeting management issues, derived from the literature.
Motivation for behavior change in patients with chest pain
Authors: Williams Geoffrey C. , Gagné Marylène , Mushlin Alvin I. , Deci Edward L. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo assess the effect of diagnostic testing for coronary artery disease (CAD) on motivation for change, and on lifestyle change for patients with chest pain.Design/methodology/approachThis observational study followed patients with chest pain suggestive of CAD for three years. Constructs of autonomous and controlled motivation for lifestyle change, autonomous orientation, and autonomy support from self‐determination theory were assessed. Self‐reported tobacco use, physical activity, and diet were assessed at baseline and three years later. Physician rating of pre‐ and post‐test probability of CAD were also assessed. CAD diagnosis was established after three years.FindingsPhysicians' autonomy‐supportive style and patients' autonomous orientations both predicted greater patient autonomous motivation, which in turn predicted improved diet, more exercise, and marginally less smoking. High probability of CAD also led patients to become more autonomously motivated for lifestyle change.Research limitations/implicationsThe observational nature of the study and the self‐report measures of health behaviors preclude causal conclusions from this study. Findings from this study suggest that patient motivation and risk behavior are affected by results of cardiac testing, by physicians' support of autonomy, and by patients' personalities.Practical implicationsPhysicians may be effective in motivating behavior change around time of testing for CAD.Originality/valueThe self‐determination theory model for health behavior change accounted for change in patient health risk behavior change around the time of testing for CAD. Physicians and researchers might use these results to design and test interventions for practitioners to effectively motivate behavior change around the time of medical tests.
Games by degrees: playing with programs
Authors: Davidson Drew 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to explores the idea of career‐focused, vocational higher education and give an overview of the current offerings of degrees, programs and majors that focus on games, simulations and interactive media.Design/methodology/approachProvides an overview of educational courses supplied by various institutions which are capitalising on student and industry demand by offering officially accredited degrees in the study of games.FindingsStudents benefit most from the developing educational trend, and it makes economic sense for institutions to update their offerings to allow pedagogy to improve as the concept of what is involved in higher education expands.Originality/valueExplores specifically how institutions are capitalizing on student and industry demand by offering officially accredited degrees in the study of games.
Weblogs: learning in public
Authors: Walker Jill 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to exemplify and discuss how students’ use of weblogs can prepare them for a networked world where writing has consequences outside grades.Design/methodology/approachExperiences using weblogs with university students are critically discussed with reference to related theoretical and practice‐based work.FindingsWhile many students were wary at first, the experience of writing in public provided an important learning opportunity, and many of the most skeptical became enthusiastic and proficient webloggers during the course of the semester.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical data are from a single course and therefore limited.Practical implicationsStudents should practice writing in public and on the network, yet ethical issues must be considered.Originality/valueAn increasing number of teachers and professors are using weblogs with students. In addition to a critical discussion of the ethics and pedagogical value of weblogging, this paper gives educators specific advice on how to encourage students to use their weblogs actively and productively.
Diving into Peter Plantec's brave new world of virtual humans
Authors: Crosbie William W. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo review Peter Plantec's book Virtual Humans: A Build it Yourself Kit.Design/methodology/approachThis book is meant to be read by one willing to actively engage with the technologies that Plantec introduces. While the technology that enables virtual agents is stable, many agents are annoyingly non‐humanlike in their interactions. Plantec encourages his readers to enter the world of virtual humans by providing the resources and coaching necessary to create a digital agent. He challenges the reader to throw off the notion that she is creating a technical implementation, a piece of software, and instead persuades her to approach the task as a scriptwriter would in creating a character.FindingsOnly through the application of artifice can developers hope to create deeply engaging virtual humans with recognizable, engaging personalities. But once people start to believe in their virtual companions, where might it lead them as a society?Originality/valueProvides information about virtual humans.
SMES' internationalization: firms and managerial factors
Authors: Suárez‐Ortega Sonia M. , Álamo‐Vera Francisca R. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo examine the particular organizational and managerial determinants of the different aspects of a firm's export development process: intention, propensity, and intensity.Design/methodology/approachThe study analysed firms' resources and capabilities, managerial characteristics, and managerial attitude and perceptions in a sample of 286 firms in the Spanish wine industry. Statistical analyses using SPSS were carried out to confirm or reject eight hypotheses.FindingsResults confirmed that factors influencing export involvement are not the same along the process of export development.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to one context, and it is static (cross‐sectional) in nature.Practical implicationsImplications not only for practitioners (especially, managers), but also for policy makers, are discussed.Originality/valueFirst, the research has been conducted in Spain, a country for which export development process has not been widely studied. Second, three aspects of export development have been analysed at the same time: intention, propensity, and intensity. And third, the effect of industry‐specific characteristics on internal export factors has been isolated through the selection of one industry in one country for the empirical research.
A longitudinal study of entrepreneurial firms opportunity recognition and product development management strategies
Authors: Schwartz Robert G. , Teach Richard D. , Birch Nancy J. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to analyze both the opportunity recognition and product development management processes not only among technology firms, but among non‐technology firms as well at two points in time, 1998 and 2003.Design/methodology/approachThe current study included two data sets: a 1998 survey of technology‐based and non‐technology firms located in US incubators; and a new 2003 study of technology and non‐technology based firms in the Inland Northwest. All respondents indicated they considered themselves entrepreneurs.FindingsFindings suggest that the opportunity recognition process changed between 1998 and 2003. Some of the authors' prior work suggested that the process, at least for technology‐based firms, had been similar between 1989 and 1998. Industry changes over time, perhaps different firm types, and insufficient data could be rational reasons for the changes. Thus, as far as the opportunity recognition process then, there is evidence that suggests that the process is different for manufacturing and non‐manufacturing firms.Practical implicationsThe study of management and marketing processes should be performed by industry or business type over time. The researcher should consider that if the opportunity recognition or product development management processes reflect the changing nature of entrepreneurship over time, then characterizing those processes as constant models is inappropriate.Originality/valueThe overall results are consistent with other research studies and serve to further substantiate the use of single industry data. An “equation of state” for an opportunity recognition model or a product development management model is suggested by the empirical results reported on in the current paper as well as the diversity of other researchers' work.
Tolerance and analgesic efficacy of a new i.v. paracetamol solution in children after inguinal hernia repair
Authors: MURAT I. , BAUJARD C. , FOUSSAT C. , GUYOT E. , PETEL H. , ROD B. , RICARD C. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground : A new intravenous (i.v.) formulation of paracetamol and propacetamol (prodrug of paracetamol) were compared to determine tolerance and relative analgesic efficacy during the first 6 h after inguinal hernia repair performed under general anesthesia combined with ilioinguinal block in children.Methods : A total of 183 ASA I or II in‐patients, aged 1–12 years, admitted for unilateral inguinal hernia repair were randomized to receive in a double‐blind design either i.v. paracetamol 15 mg·kg−1 (n = 95) or propacetamol 30 mg·kg−1 (n = 88) for postoperative pain relief as soon as pain intensity was greater than 30 on a 100 mm visual analog scale. All patients were evaluated for efficacy and tolerance. Efficacy was evaluated between 15 min and 6 h after the start of the 15 min infusion.Results : The most frequently reported adverse event was injection site pain, which was significantly reduced in the new formulation group (i.v. paracetamol 14.7% vs propacetamol 33.0% of children, P = 0.005). No significant difference was obtained between treatments on pain relief (PR), pain intensity difference (PAID) from baseline, and objective pain scale intensity difference (OPSD). Also, treatment effects did not differ significantly for maximum values and weighted sums of PR, PAID (investigator and child rated), OPSD, time to first request for rescue medication, proportion of children requesting rescue medication, and investigators’ global treatment satisfaction.Conclusion : A single infusion of i.v. paracetamol 15 mg·kg−1 produced analgesia similar to a single infusion of propacetamol 30 mg·kg−1 following inguinal hernia repair in children. Paracetamol i.v. 15 mg·kg−1 was better tolerated at the injection site than propacetamol.