bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida in COVID-19: Gut-Lung Axis, Dysbiosis, and Infections
Authors: Kordalewska Milena , Perlin David S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review discusses the connections between the gut-lung axis, gut and respiratory tract dysbiosis, and Candida bloodstream, oral, and respiratory infections in COVID-19 patients.

Recent Findings
COVID-19–related dysfunction in the intestinal barrier together with gut and lung dysbiosis played an important role in disease pathophysiology, which affected host immune homeostasis giving rise to prominent systemic and respiratory bacterial and fungal infections. Higher incidence of Candida bloodstream infections driven by accumulation of “classic” risk factors in severely ill COVID-19 patients was noted. Moreover, numerous C. auris outbreaks, characterized by high clonality of the strains, were reported from all around the world. Unlike other Candida species, C. auris colonization and infection cases most likely resulted from nosocomial transmission.

Summary
Infections due to Candida species in severely ill COVID-19 patients reflected the overall immune dysregulation and were largely driven by gut and respiratory tract dysbiosis.
Recent Trends in Edible Packaging for Food Applications — Perspective for the Future
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Pratibha  , Prasad Jaishankar , Yadav Ajay , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Neeraj  , Shukla Shruti , Petkoska Anka Trajkovska , Heena  , Suri Shweta , Gniewosz Małgorzata , Kieliszek Marek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEdible packaging plays an important role in protecting food products from physical, mechanical, chemical, and microbiological damages by creating a barrier against oxidation, water, and controlling enzymatic activation. The employment of active agents such as plant extracts, essential oils, cross-linkers, and nanomaterials in edible packaging promises to improve mechanical, physical, barrier, and other properties of edible materials as well as food products. In the current review, we have compiled information on the recent advances and trends in developing composite (binary and ternary) edible packaging for food application. Several types of active agents such as essential oils, plant extracts, cross-linking agents, and nanomaterials as well as their functions in edible packaging (active composite) have been discussed. The present study provides the collective information about the high- (high-pressure homogenizer, ultrasonication, and microfludizer) and low-energy (phase inversion temperature and composition and spontaneous emulsification) methods for developing nanoformulations. In addition, concepts of comprehensive studies required for developing edible coatings and films for food packaging applications, as well as overcoming challenges like consumer acceptance, regulatory requirements, and non-toxic scaling up to the commercial applications, have also been discussed.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Fatigue Life of AA2024 Aluminium Alloy-Based Nanocomposite Reinforced by TiO2 Nanoparticles Under the Effect of Heat Treatment
Authors: Mahan Hamid M. , Konovalov S. V. , Najm Sherwan Mohammed , Mihaela Oleksik , Trzepieciński Tomasz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing aluminium metal matrix nanocomposites has recently gained increased attention in the industry due to their high strength and ductility. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles in volume percentages of 5 wt. % were added to the AA2024 alloy using the stir casting method. Using a novel powder injection system, TiO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 30 ± 5 nm was added to the matrix. The influence of TiO2 content on the fatigue life before and after heat treatment was studied. The results showed the fatigue properties of AA2024 with TiO2 nanoparticles increased after heat treatment. The optimum improvement in fatigue properties was obtained at 5 wt. % TiO2 after heat treatment, with an improving fatigue life in 14.71% compared with sample based. This is due to an increased number of fine precipitates besides its uniformly distributed after heat treatment. The fatigue life of the composite materials with added nanoparticles was investigated using a finite element-based ANSYS workbench. There was a good match between what happened in the experiments and what happened to the numerical fatigue strength. For the composite materials, the difference between the experimental and numerical values of fatigue strength was not greater than 4% for the matrix. The results also, indicated that, after ageing, the precipitate-free zone at the inter-dendritic zone disappeared or became smaller. However, after adding 5 wt. % of titanium and, also, performing heat treatment, it is not possible to precipitate the Al2CuMg precipitates, and, instead of it, the Al3TiCu and Al7TiCu phases precipitates have been formed.
Estrogen receptor α interaction of zearalenone and its phase I metabolite α-zearalenol in combination with soy isoflavones in hERα-HeLa-9903 cells
Authors: Grgic Dino , Novak Barbara , Varga Elisabeth , Marko Doris 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRisk assessment primarily relies on toxicological data of individual substances, with limited information on combined effects. Recent in vitro experiments using Ishikawa cells, an endometrial carcinoma cell line expressing both estrogen receptor isoforms, demonstrated interactive effects of phyto- and mycoestrogens. The mycoestrogens, zearalenone (ZEN), and α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) exhibited significantly enhanced estrogenic responses in the presence of isoflavones (ISF), depending on substance ratios and concentrations. This study investigated the impact of phyto- and mycoestrogen combinations on estrogenic response following OECD guideline 455, utilizing hERα-HeLa-9903 cells. Test substances included mycoestrogens (ZEN and α-ZEL) and isoflavones (genistein (GEN), daidzein (DAI), and S-equol (EQ), a gut microbial metabolite of DAI). Mycoestrogens were tested in the range of 0.001 to 100 nM, while isoflavones were used at concentrations 1000 times higher based on relevant occurrence ratios. Results showed that ZEN and α-ZEL induced ERα-dependent luciferase expression in concentrations above 1 nM and 0.01 nM, respectively. However, ISF caused a superinduction of the luciferase signal above 1 µM. A superinduction is characterized by an unusually strong or heightened increase in the activity of the luciferase enzyme. This signal is not affected by the estrogen receptor antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM), which was additionally used to verify whether the increase of signal is a true reflection of receptor activation. This superinduction was observed in all combinations of ZEN and α-ZEL with ISFs. Contrary to the luciferase activity findings, RT-qPCR experiments and a stability approach revealed lower real ERα activation by ISFs than measured in the ONE-Glo™ luciferase test system. In conclusion, the OECD protocol 455 appears unsuitable for testing ISFs due to their superinduction of luciferase and interactions with the test system, resulting in experimental artifacts. Further studies are necessary to explore structure–activity relationships within polyphenols and clarify the test system’s applicability.
Explorative behavior allows the successful finding of ephemeral food resources in the wild
Authors: Wirowska Martyna , Iwińska Karolina , Borowski Zbigniew , Brzeziński Marcin , Solecki Paweł , Boratyński Jan S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe repeatable among-individual variation in behavior (animal personality) is considered to affect fitness. The variation in personality traits is shaped by complex evolutionary mechanisms involving energy allocation and resource acquisition. However, an association between personality and individual performance in energy gain in the natural environment still seems underexplored. The aim of our study was to test a hypothesis that consistent individual variation in behavior affects the energy acquisition of unpredictable food resources. We predicted that more explorative individuals would be finding ephemeral food resources with higher probability than those less explorative. The quasi-experiment with ‘random-walking-feeders’ was performed to assess the use of unpredictable food resources in the natural habitat occupied by free-ranging arboreal rodents — edible dormice Glis glis. A repeated open field test at laboratory conditions was conducted to assess whether male dormice show consistent among-individual variation in behavior. The open field test analysis indicated two main components of dormice behavior: exploration and boldness, from which only the first one was repeatable and thus considered as a component of animal personality. The probability of finding a feeder increased with exploration, independently of dormice age and body size. The results indicate that exploration can be considered an adaptive trait that improves energy acquisition. We suggest that the behavioral among-individual variation within populations persists due to the usage of distinct foraging strategies in the face of fluctuations in food resources availability.
Creativity in Crisis: Re-envisioning Higher Education in Myanmar’s Spring Revolution
Authors: Wong Mary Shepard , Kareng David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the spring of 2022, we (a teacher–educator from the USA and a Kachin graduate research assistant) interviewed 14 participants from Myanmar who were engaging in an unprecedented educational re-imagining during the Spring Revolution following the 2021 military coup that gripped the county. Three preliminary findings of our study focus on creativity in crisis in higher education, which we categorized as actors, actions, and procedures, or who, what, and how. ‘Who’ refers to actors and their creativity in forming new alliances among inter-ethnic and inter-generational educators and activists to remake education. ‘What’ refers to creativity in content in addressing inequity and ‘fake history’ in the national curriculum. ‘How’ addresses creativity in the delivery of education in the midst of extreme challenges and opposition. This look into the way crises can lead to creativity in education, with a focus on higher education, presents a unique opportunity to witness how grassroots actors in Myanmar are seeking to transform higher education in a ‘radical bureaucratic overhaul,’ as one participant put it, making it more inclusive, critical, and just.
Differential scanning calorimetry of aluminium EN AB-42000 alloy rheocasting semi-solid in different stage heating rates
Authors: Abdulrahman Kawan M. , Gonda Viktor , Réger Mihály 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to identify the thermal histories of samples to analyse and diagnose production and quality concerns connected to industrial rheocasting semi-solid alloy, that had undergone different tempers of aluminium alloy EN AB-42000 alloy. In this study, the solidus temperatures of several alloy samples are investigated using thermodynamic calculations and DSC observations in this work. The balance of important characteristics, including pseudo-eutectic, thermal sensitivity, heat flow, and enthalpies behaviour, of Al alloys has been investigated using experimental data from DSC and solid fractions. In addition, the choice of heating rates is critical as high rates can blur the two peaks in the mushy zone, while low rates lead to slower measurements. Using smaller sample weights and slower rates is preferable to obtain more accurate results. Analysing the shape of the fs curve, exact composition, and a reference composition without contaminants is essential for understanding complex behaviours, including pseudo-eutectic phenomena. The thermal sensitivity of compositions also plays a crucial role in the analysis. Despite heat flow decreasing with decreased sample weight, the measurement limit can still be exceeded at high heating or cooling rates (20 °C/min) during the eutectic reaction. The eutectic reaction exhibits higher peaks with enthalpies ranging from 360 to 430 mJ/g. However, drawing conclusions regarding trends in heating versus cooling or comparing low-mass and higher-mass samples can be challenging. The non-equilibrium transformation of the eutectic occurs within a more confined temperature range. Increasing rates lead to overlapping reactions, resulting in complex thermal behaviour.
A Micromechanical Modeling Approach for the Estimation of the Weathering-Induced Degradation of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Kucher Michael , Johst Philipp , Lizaranzu Miguel , Lahuerta Francisco , Böhm Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are widely used as composite material for a variety of applications such as wind turbine blades (WTBs). During their operating time, these GFRP structures are exposed to natural weathering conditions, such as low and elevated temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, and moisture. These weathering phenomena influence the material’s mechanical properties due to material aging and the degradation of the composite’s mechanical properties. For a reliable lifetime assessment and the design of a repurposed application of WTBs, the quantification of GFRP’s degradation is required. For this reason, the aim of the current study is to numerically estimate the combined effects of weathering on the mechanical properties of GFRP. Therefore, the effective elastic properties of a unidirectional GFRP composite were determined considering representative volume elements. The required numerical modeling was performed using finite element analysis. The mechanical properties of glass fibers, epoxy resin and their relationship with individual natural aging phenomena were used based on the existing literature values. As a result of the micromechanical modeling, the change of temperature and moisture absorption have the highest effect on the elastic properties on the epoxy resin and thus also on the GFRP composite. The used numerical approach enables a preliminary estimation of environmental-based degradation phenomena of GFRP which can be used at an early stage of developments of composite structures, the reuse of composites or for planning experimental studies considering degradation of these composite materials.
Nitrate attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by promotion of mitophagy and reduction of oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Haibo , Song Chunyan , Chen Feng , Liu Xiu , Hu Liang , Zhang Chunmei , Wang Songlin , Li Wenbin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCisplatin, an anticancer drug, has limited its clinical application due to its severe nephrotoxicity, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria caused by cisplatin are toxic to the cell by producing reactive oxygen species and releasing cell death factors. Mitophagy is the mechanism of selective degradation of these damaged mitochondria via autophagy, that is critical to cellular homeostasis and viability. In this study, the protective functions of inorganic nitrate against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity are assessed. Our results in vitro show that nitrate significantly reduced the apoptosis of HK2 or NRK52E cells induced by cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, dietary nitrate notably alleviates the tubular and glomerular damages as well as the loss of renal function in cisplatin-induced AKI mice models. These protective effects are closely related to downregulation of cell apoptosis and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mechanistically, inorganic nitrate treatment promotes the activation of mitophagy mediated by the PINK1-PRKN/PARK2 pathway, which plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality, helping renal tubular cells to survive and recover from cisplatin stress. These novel findings suggest that inorganic nitrate supplementation deserve further exploration as a potential treatment in patients with cisplatin-induced renal injury.
State-of-the-art review on pressure infiltration behavior of bentonite slurry into saturated sand for TBM tunneling
Authors: Qin Su , Cheng Yang , Zhou Wan-Huan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe pressure infiltration behavior of bentonite slurry (a mixture of water and bentonite) in front of a slurry tunnel boring machine (TBM) determines the effectiveness of tunnel face support when tunneling through saturated sand. This paper provides a comprehensive review of relevant studies, encompassing the rheology of bentonite slurry, laboratory experiments, numerical simulations for modeling slurry infiltration in sand, and an exploration of the membrane behavior of filter cake. The review found that variations in test conditions for bentonite slurry are the primary contributing factor leading to discrepancies in rheological measurement results. Conventional column-based slurry infiltration tests often impose a high hydraulic gradient on the soil sample, making the observations from these tests incomparable to real tunnel scenarios where the hydraulic gradient is much lower. Two primary slurry infiltration types were identified: one involving an external filter cake alongside an infiltration zone, and the other featuring solely an infiltration zone. The filter cake effectively stops further infiltration of bentonite and serves as a media for transferring the slurry pressure to the soil skeleton. Owing to the viscoplastic properties of bentonite slurry, a decrease in flow velocity fosters an increase in rheological resistance, thereby aiding in the stabilization of the excavation process. The inclusion of fine sand, seawater, and liquids with acidic or heavy metal properties could notably undermine both the characteristics of bentonite slurry and the sealing capacity of the filter cake. Hence, it becomes crucial to effectively control the workability of bentonite slurry throughout the process of slurry TBM tunneling.
BIG IN REVERSE MATHEMATICS: MEASURE AND CATEGORY
Authors: SANDERS SAM 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The smooth development of large parts of mathematics hinges on the idea that some sets are ‘small’ or ‘negligible’ and can therefore be ignored for a given purpose. The perhaps most famous smallness notion, namely ‘measure zero’, originated with Lebesgue, while a second smallness notion, namely ‘meagre’ or ‘first category’, originated with Baire around the same time. The associated Baire category theorem is a central result governing the properties of meagre (and related) sets, while the same holds for Tao’s pigeonhole principle for measure spaces and measure zero sets. In this paper, we study these theorems in Kohlenbach’s higher-order Reverse Mathematics, identifying a considerable number of equivalent and robust theorems. The latter involve most basic properties of semi-continuous and pointwise discontinuous functions, Blumberg’s theorem, Riemann integration, and Volterra’s early work circa 1881. All the aforementioned theorems fall (far) outside of the Big Five of Reverse Mathematics, and we investigate natural restrictions like Baire 1 and quasi-continuity that make these theorems provable again in the Big Five (or similar). Finally, despite the fundamental differences between measure and category, the proofs of our equivalences turn out to be similar.
UNIFORM BOUNDS FOR
$\operatorname {GL}(3)\times \operatorname {GL}(2)$
L-FUNCTIONS
Authors: Huang Bingrong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove uniform bounds for
$\operatorname {GL}(3)\times \operatorname {GL}(2) \ L$
-functions in the
$\operatorname {GL}(2)$
spectral aspect and the t aspect by a delta method. More precisely, let
$\phi $
be a Hecke–Maass cusp form for
$\operatorname {SL}(3,\mathbb {Z})$
and f a Hecke–Maass cusp form for
$\operatorname {SL}(2,\mathbb {Z})$
with the spectral parameter
$t_f$
. Then for
$t\in \mathbb {R}$
and any
$\varepsilon>0$
, we have
$$\begin{align*}L(1/2+it,\phi\times f) \ll_{\phi,\varepsilon} (t_f+|t|)^{27/20+\varepsilon}. \end{align*}$$
Moreover, we get subconvexity bounds for
$L(1/2+it,\phi \times f)$
whenever
$|t|-t_f \gg (|t|+t_f)^{3/5+\varepsilon }$
.
The practice of the UN Security Council pertaining to the environment and armed conflict, 1945–2021
Authors: Kapoor Radhika , Lewis Dustin A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractContemporary ecological and climate crises have thrown into sharp relief debates around what roles and responsibilities, if any, international security bodies ought to have in addressing environment-related matters. Building on a wider catalogue of the United Nations Security Council's practice concerning the environment, in this article, we provide a snapshot of the Council's practice pertaining in particular to the environment and armed conflict. In addition to setting out key aspects relating to the personal, geographical and temporal scope of that practice, we identify four armed-conflict-related substantive themes arising in the Security Council's actions in this area: (1) relations between conflict and natural resources; (2) relations between conflict and adverse environment-related phenomena; (3) relations between conflict and chemical and biological weapons; and (4) adverse impacts of conflict on the environment. Through this examination, we aim in part to provide stakeholders with a more extensive and detailed basis on which to evaluate what actions the Council has taken – and, by inference, which actions it has not taken – with respect to the environment and armed conflict.
Estimating Ocean Observation Impacts on Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean Models Using Ensemble Forecast Sensitivity to Observation (EFSO)
Authors: Chang Chu‐Chun , Chen Tse‐Chun , Kalnay Eugenia , Da Cheng , Mote Safa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnsemble Forecast Sensitivity to Observation (EFSO) is a technique that can efficiently identify the beneficial/detrimental impacts of every observation in ensemble‐based data assimilation (DA). While EFSO has been successfully employed on atmospheric DA, it has never been applied to ocean or coupled DA due to the lack of a suitable error norm for oceanic variables. This study introduces a new density‐based error norm incorporating sea temperature and salinity forecast errors, making EFSO applicable to ocean DA for the first time. We implemented the oceanic EFSO on the CFSv2‐LETKF and investigated the impact of ocean observations under a weakly coupled DA framework. By removing the detrimental ocean observations detected by EFSO, the CFSv2 forecasts were significantly improved, showing the validation of impact estimation and the great potential of EFSO to be extended as a data selection criterion.
Cloud and Precipitation Variability Associated With the Madden‐Julian Oscillation Over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Shige S. , Kato F. , Aoki S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study reexamines cloud and precipitation variability associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Maritime Continent (MC), mainly using data acquired in 1998–2013 by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. Infrared data indicated uniform, moderately deep stratiform cloud cover over the MC during MJO active phases, suggesting that an apparent MJO bypass of Borneo and New Guinea, observed in the brightness temperature anomaly distribution, was an artifact of climatologically low average brightness temperatures above the islands. Although previous satellite precipitation products indicated negligible anomalies over Borneo during MJO active phases, we identified positive precipitation anomalies in precipitation radar data and other recent satellite products. We hypothesize that previous satellite precipitation data products underestimated stratiform precipitation over Borneo during MJO active phases because ice‐particle scattering was weak. This is consistent with the moderately deep stratiform cloud layer identified from infrared data.