bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anthropogenic imprint on temperate and boreal forest demography and carbon turnover
Authors: Pugh Thomas A. M. , Seidl Rupert , Liu Daijun , Lindeskog Mats , Chini Louise P. , Senf Cornelius 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe sweeping transformation of the biosphere by humans over the last millennia leaves only limited windows into its natural state. Much of the forests that dominated temperate and southern boreal regions have been lost and those that remain typically bear a strong imprint of forestry activities and past land‐use change, which have changed forest age structure and composition. Here, we ask how would the dynamics, structure and function of temperate and boreal forests differ in the absence of forestry and the legacies of land‐use change?LocationGlobal.Time Period2001–2014, integrating over the legacy of disturbance events from 1875 to 2014.Major Taxa StudiedTrees.MethodsWe constructed an empirical model of natural disturbance probability as a function of community traits and climate, based on observed disturbance rate and form across 77 protected forest landscapes distributed across three continents. Coupling this within a dynamic vegetation model simulating forest composition and structure, we generated estimates of stand‐replacing disturbance return intervals in the absence of forestry for northern hemisphere temperate and boreal forests. We then applied this model to calculate forest stand age structure and carbon turnover rates.ResultsComparison with observed disturbance rates revealed human activities to have almost halved the median return interval of stand‐replacing disturbances across temperate forest, with more moderate changes in the boreal region. The resulting forests are typically much younger, especially in northern Europe and south‐eastern North America, resulting in a 32% reduction in vegetation carbon turnover time across temperate forests and a 7% reduction for boreal forests.ConclusionsThe current northern hemisphere temperate forest age structure is dramatically out of equilibrium with its natural disturbance regimes. Shifts towards more nature‐based approaches to forest policy and management should more explicitly consider the current disturbance surplus, as it substantially impacts carbon dynamics and litter (including deadwood) stocks.
Communicating soil erosion in the UK: How should we present extreme events?
Authors: Boardman John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe presentation of soil erosion on agricultural land, both to the expert and the public, frequently takes the form of pictures and descriptions of extreme events. These attention‐grabbing images are case studies of worst‐case scenarios and serve an important purpose of warning what may happen under certain circumstances; they also have a potential to mislead. On the other hand, long‐term studies of erosion are able to present extreme events in a more acceptable scientific context. Monitoring studies emphasise the importance of frequent, low‐magnitude runoff events and their ability to transport nutrients and pesticides to freshwater systems. Thus, the need for a balanced presentation of erosion which places extreme events in a broad context in space and time. Communicating with practitioners such as farmers requires the use of non‐conventional channels rather than the reliance on academic journals.
Women construction workers in Nepal: Collectivities under precarious conditions
Authors: Wilson Kalpana , Ismail Feyzi , Kharel Sambriddhi , Dahal Swechchha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we explore the experiences of women construction workers in Nepal and the strategies that these workers have adopted to challenge the exploitation and inequalities they confront. We firstly argue that the experiences of women construction workers in Nepal are shaped by compulsive engagement in labor markets under conditions of informality, precarity, and gendered responsibility for social reproduction. These experiences reflect multiple intersections of gender, class, caste, and ethnicity in the arenas of the household, the workplace, trade unions, and the state. However, policy interventions related to women's participation in labor markets and inspired by the Gender Equality as Smart Economics approach, such as Nepal's post‐earthquake mason training scheme targeting women construction workers, render invisible these structures of inequality, exploitation, and violence. Second, we argue that women construction workers negotiate—and in some cases challenge and change—working conditions, primarily through a variety of informal and formal collective strategies. Women construction workers' own narratives and practices, we find, bear little resemblance to the narratives promoted by the International Financial Institutions and the state, in which women workers appear as resilient, altruistic, and industrious entrepreneurial subjects seeking individual self‐improvement within the neoliberal framework. They rather invoke informal and organized collectivities, negotiate, and often resist, gendered norms of behavior and at times radically re‐envision the scope of trade union struggles.
Five new F10 variants in hereditary factor x deficiency detected by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Pastoret Cédric , Wahl Clémentine , Castet Sabine , Nedelec Fabienne , Pontis Adeline , Bayart Sophie , Fest Thierry , Guillet Benoît 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionFactor X deficiency is a rare inherited bleeding disorder. To date, 181 variants are reported in the recently updated F10‐gene variant database.AimThis study aimed to describe new F10 variants.MethodThe F10 gene was analysed in 16 consecutive families with FX deficiency by a targeted high‐throughput sequencing approach, including F10, F9, F8 genes, and 78 genes dedicated to haematological malignancies.ResultsWe identified 19 variants (17 missense, one nonsense and one frameshift) and two copy number variations. Two patients presenting a combined FVII‐FX deficiency showed a loss of one F10 gene copy (del13q34) associated with a missense variant on the remaining allele, leading to a FX:C significantly lower than the FVII:C level and explaining their unusual bleeding history. We reported five novel variants. Three missense variants (p.Glu22Val affecting the signal peptide cleavage site, p.Cys342Tyr removing the disulphide bond between the FX heavy and light chains, and p.Val385Met located in FX peptidase S1 domain) were detected at compound heterozygosis status in three patients with severe bleeding symptoms and FX:C level below 10 IU/dL. Two truncating variants p.Tyr279* and p.Thr434Aspfs*13 leading to an altered FX protein were found at heterozygous state in two patients with mild bleeding history.ConclusionThis study showed the feasibility and the interest of high‐throughput sequencing approach for rare bleeding disorders, enabling the report of F10 gene screening in a 3‐weeks delay, suitable for clinical use. The description of five new variants may contribute to a better understanding of the phenotype‐genotype correlation in FX deficiency.
INVESTMENT HOUSING TAX CONCESSIONS AND WELFARE: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY FOR AUSTRALIA
Authors: Cho Yunho , Li Shuyun May , Uren Lawrence 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article builds a general equilibrium overlapping generations (OLG) model with heterogeneous agents to study the welfare implications of investment housing tax concessions in Australia. Removing these concessions substantially reduces the landlord rate and the use of debt. There is a steady‐state welfare gain equivalent to a 0.13% increase in lifetime consumption if the additional tax revenue from removing the concessions is used to finance a lump‐sum transfer to all households. That welfare gain rises to 1.45% if the extra tax revenue is used to provide a transfer to the housing‐poor in the form of rental assistance. Over the transition, around 70% of existing households experience a welfare gain and there are important distributional effects in both cases.
Adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Fukuokaya Wataru , Iwatani Kosuke , Matsukawa Akihiro , Katayama Satoshi , Pradere Benjamin , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Rajwa Pawel , Moschini Marco , Albisinni Simone , Krajewski Wojciech , Cimadamore Alessia , Del Giudice Francesco , Teoh Jeremy , Urabe Fumihiko , Kimura Shoji , Murakami Masaya , Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Miki Jun , Miki Kenta , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kimura Takahiro ,   European Association of Urology–Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group (EAU‐YAU)
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have radically altered the treatment landscape for renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. However, studies have reported negative data regarding adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. Thus, this study aimed to assess the role of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for both renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. A systematic review and network meta‐analysis were conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. Multiple databases were searched for articles published as of February 2023. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated disease‐free survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma receiving adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. In a network meta‐analysis, pembrolizumab was shown to be the most effective regimen for patients with renal cell carcinoma, whereas nivolumab was found to be the most effective regimen for patients with urothelial carcinoma. Additionally, these results were consistently observed in a sub‐analysis of the T stage. The present analysis provides findings that support the usefulness of adjuvant nivolumab therapy in urothelial carcinoma and adjuvant pembrolizumab therapy in renal cell carcinoma, in agreement with the currently available guidelines. However, the caveat is that the randomized controlled trials included in this analysis differed in important respects despite being similar in study design. Therefore, with these differences in mind, care needs to be taken when selecting patients for these immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies to maximize their benefits.
From academia to industry: how reinvention and understanding your motivations can help you find your path
Authors: D’Cruz Louise M 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn July 1999, I took my final curtsey as an aspiring ballet dancer in London. At the time, I was devastated, having been “assessed out” by the ballet school I’d attended the year after I finished high school in Ireland. I wish I knew then what I know now: there are no endings in a career, just different paths. It took a few more iterations for me to learn that lesson. I hope my experience described in this article can provide some reassurance for anyone out there grappling with their next career move.
Effectiveness of various methods of educating children and adolescents for the maintenance of oral health: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Atif Mohammad , Tewari Nitesh , Saji Seba , Srivastav Sukeshana , Rahul Morankar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchool‐based oral health education has emerged as one of the most effective methods to instill a positive attitude toward oral health in children.AimThis systematic review (SR) aimed to assess the effectiveness of different methods of oral health education in children and adolescents.DesignSystematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, Scopus, and EMBASE on January 29, 2023. Review included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and their risk of bias (ROB) was assessed by Cochrane RoB‐2. Data were extracted and analyzed by expert group. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. Every step was conducted in duplicate, and disagreements were resolved by consulting the third reviewer.ResultsThe SR included 10 RCTs with majority showing a high ROB. They included 12 methods with the commonest being the use of leaflets/flash cards. Most interventions were effective in improving oral hygiene, gingival health, and knowledge except conventional teaching methods, lecture by using PowerPoint by dentists, and e‐learning interventions. The grade of evidence in the majority of outcomes was found to be low or very low.ConclusionInterventions using the interactive methods such as games, motivational‐experiential learning, and audiovisual methods were found to be more effective than controls and other interventions. Variabilities in study methods and outcome variables must be addressed in the future.
Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation: A systematic review of treatment outcomes
Authors: Kashetsky N. , Feschuk A. , Pratt M. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPost‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common consequence of inflammatory dermatoses. It is more common in patients with darker skin and has significant morbidity. This systematic review summarizes treatment outcomes for post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation to help physicians better predict clinical response and improve patient outcomes. Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines using a combination of relevant search terms. Title, abstract and full text screening were done in duplicate. Studies were included if they met our predetermined PICOS framework criteria. Results are presented in descriptive form. In total, 41 studies representing 877 patients were included. Complete response was achieved by laser and energy‐based devices in 18.1% (n = 56/309) of patients, topicals in 5.4% (n = 20/369) and combination therapies in 2.4% (n = 4/166). Partial response was achieved by combination modalities in 84.9% (n = 141/166) of patients, topicals in 72.4% (n = 267/369), laser and energy‐based devices in 61.2% (n = 189/309) and peels in 33.3% (n = 5/15). Poor to no response occurred with peels in 66.7% (n = 10/15) of patients, topicals in 22.2% (n = 82/369), laser and energy‐based devices in 18.1% (n = 56/309) and combination modalities in 12.7% (n = 21/166). Additionally, in 2.6% (n = 8/309) of patients treated with laser and energy‐based devices, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation worsened. Adverse events were reported in 10 patients, all while using topical treatments. In conclusion, the current treatment approaches yielded unsatisfactory rates of complete response. However, combination therapies, laser and energy‐based devices and topical therapies showed high rates of partial response. Of note, the majority of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation cases included were associated with acne, and therefore, the findings and conclusions drawn may have limited applicability to other types of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
The role of cable news hosts in public support for Supreme Court decisions
Authors: Boddery Scott Simon , Cann Damon , Moyer Laura , Yates Jeff 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the current media environment, Americans increasingly tune into cable news programs with distinct ideological brands. This paper extends existing work on media source cues to coverage of the US Supreme Court, an institution which depends entirely on media outlets to communicate its rulings to the American public. We argue that the source cues associated with celebrity media personalities serve as a heuristic that helps individuals form their opinions about public policy. Using a nationwide survey experiment with over 2000 respondents, we find that commentary on Supreme Court decisions from cable news hosts affects public agreement with the Court's rulings, with key differences between how liberal and conservative respondents respond under certain conditions. While unexpected positions espoused by in‐group messengers shift the views of liberals and conservatives alike, signals from out‐group messengers yield more of an effect for conservatives than for liberals. Our results show that counter‐stereotypical (unexpected) position taking has a powerful impact on public perceptions of policy outcomes and suggest that well‐known media figures may have an important role in mitigating ideological polarization in America.
Wild pollinator communities benefit from mixed cultivation of oilseed rape and milk vetch
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Axmacher Jan Christoph , Luo Arong , Ma Changsheng , Wang Mingqiang , Cheng Rui , Niu Zeqing , Zhou Qingsong , Zou Yi , Zhu Chao‐Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobally, insect pollinators that are linked to increased yields in many crops have experienced severe population declines. Crop diversification is often proposed as an effective conservation measure to boost pollinator populations. Here, we investigate the potential benefits of mixed oilseed rape/milk vetch cultivation for wild pollinator communities by comparing it with oilseed rape monocultures. Studying 8 mixed and 10 monocropping fields positioned along a gradient of increasing semi‐natural habitat coverage in mountainous agricultural landscapes, we found that agricultural landscapes with mixed cultivation harboured higher wild pollinator diversity than oilseed rape monocropping landscapes. This positive effect was observed irrespective of the proportion of semi‐natural habitat. Meanwhile, the pollinator community composition in mixed cultivation landscapes was similar to that of oilseed rape monoculture landscapes, and, contrary to expectations, mixed cultivation did not benefit specific pollinator trait groups like cavity‐nesting bees. Overall, we believe the higher pollinator diversity linked to mixed cultivation can increase insect‐pollinated crop yields, and mixed oilseed rape‐milk vetch cultivation might represent a potential mitigation measure for the negative impacts agricultural intensification has on wild pollinator communities.
Ethical guidelines for the allocation of scarce intensive care units during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Discussing a Brazilian proposal
Authors: de Araujo Marcelo , Azevedo Marco Antonio , Bonella Alcino Eduardo , Dall'Agnol Darlei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRationaleIn the context of a major health crisis, health professionals must first compare patients' recovery prospects, thus giving priority to the goal of saving the greatest number of lives.Aims and ObjectivesCritically evaluate a protocol for allocation of scarce intensive care units (ICU), which the authors proposed at the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and originally published in two Brazilian newspapers; and compare that protocol with similar proposals, particularly with 2 successive protocols issued by the Brazilian Critical Care Association. The main objective is to highlight the advantages of the authors' approach and discuss some criticisms that has been levelled against the proposed protocol after its original publication in 2020.MethodComparative analysis of 3 different protocols (the authors' proposed protocol and 2 successive protocols issued by the Brazilian Critical Care Association) with regard to ethical principles.ResultsThe main objective of a healthcare system is to ensure a fair patient triage process when it is impossible to grant admission to all patients in need of treatment. Decision‐making regarding the impartial prioritization of ICU admissions must be based primarily on clinical criteria. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) is, for ethical and technical reasons, a useful tool for clinical assessments of patients. Based on three ranges of SOFA scores, patients can be classified into a “high”, a “medium”, and a “low” priority group. In the case of ties, the life cycle principle must be the tiebreaker. If the tie persists, a draw must be used.ConclusionThe authors' proposed protocol has advantages over the other two protocols due to its greater practicality and capacity to account for egalitarian and consequentialist principles simultaneously. It aims at saving as many lives as possible within the constraints of fairness. Furthermore, the proposed protocol avoids discrimination against people with disabilities without, at the same time, promoting discrimination against the elderly.
Zirconia restoration types, properties, tooth preparation design, and bonding. A narrative review
Authors: Sulaiman Taiseer A. , Suliman Abdulhaq A. , Abdulmajeed Aous A. , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this review was to provide dental professionals with information regarding the various types of zirconia restorations, their mechanical and optical properties, tooth preparation design, and bonding protocol in an effort to enhance the longevity and durability of zirconia restorations.OverviewThe yttria content of zirconia ceramics determines their classification. The mechanical and optical properties of each type are discussed, with an emphasis on the effect of yttria concentration on the properties of zirconia. The processing and sintering methods are also discussed as they have a direct impact on the properties of zirconia. The design of tooth preparation, specifically occlusal reduction, varies depending on the type of zirconia used in each case. Finally, a protocol for zirconia restoration bonding is described to ensure optimal bonding to the tooth structure.ConclusionNot all zirconia restorations are the same. The selection of zirconia type based on yttria concentration, processing and sintering methods, tooth preparation design, and adherence to the bonding protocol are all critical to the success and longevity of zirconia restorations.Clinical SignificanceZirconia restorations are the most commonly used indirect restorative material. The selection of the most appropriate zirconia type based on its yttria content, which determines its strength and translucency, is critical to the success and the longevity of the restoration. Tooth preparation design also influences the strength and translucency of the zirconia. Air‐borne particle abrasion, followed by a ceramic primer and resin cement, can ensure a durable bond to the tooth structure.
A mouthless late‐term coach whipray Himantura uarnak embryo (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatidae) has implications for our understanding of matrotrophy in chondrichthyans
Authors: Henderson Aaron C. , Bruns Stephan , Al Hameli Shamsa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMaternal nutrient provisioning occurs in most live‐bearing chondrichthyan lineages. It is particularly conspicuous in the Myliobatiformes, whereby the endometrium secretes a nutrient‐rich histotroph that is utilized by the developing embryo. The occurrence of a deformed and mouthless, late‐term myliobatiform embryo is described here, demonstrating that the direct, oral ingestion of histotroph is not obligatory in these animals.