bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I Study of Elraglusib (9-ING-41), a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitor, as Monotherapy or Combined with Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Malignancies
Authors: Carneiro Benedito A. , Cavalcante Ludimila , Mahalingam Devalingam , Saeed Anwaar , Safran Howard , Ma Wen Wee , Coveler Andrew L. , Powell Steven , Bastos Bruno , Davis Elizabeth , Sahai Vaibhav , Mikrut William , Longstreth James , Smith Sheri , Weisskittel Taylor , Li Hu , Borden Brittany A. , Harvey R. Donald , Sahebjam Solmaz , Cervantes Andrés , Koukol Austin , Mazar Andrew P. , Steeghs Neeltje , Kurzrock Razelle , Giles Francis J. , Munster Pamela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of elraglusib, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) small-molecule inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy, in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors or hematologic malignancies was studied.

Patients and Methods:
Elraglusib (intravenously twice weekly in 3-week cycles) monotherapy dose escalation was followed by dose escalation with eight chemotherapy regimens (gemcitabine, doxorubicin, lomustine, carboplatin, irinotecan, gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel/carboplatin, and pemetrexed/carboplatin) in patients previously exposed to the same chemotherapy.

Results:
Patients received monotherapy (n = 67) or combination therapy (n = 171) elraglusib doses 1 to 15 mg/kg twice weekly. The initial recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of elraglusib was 15 mg/kg twice weekly and was defined, without dose-limiting toxicity observation, due to fluid volumes necessary for drug administration. The RP2D was subsequently reduced to 9.3 mg/kg once weekly to reduce elraglusib-associated central/peripheral vascular access catheter blockages. Other common elraglusib-related adverse events (AE) included transient visual changes and fatigue. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent AEs occurred in 55.2% and 71.3% of patients on monotherapy and combination therapy, respectively. Part 1 monotherapy (n = 62) and part 2 combination (n = 138) patients were evaluable for response. In part 1, a patient with melanoma had a complete response, and a patient with acute T-cell leukemia/lymphoma had a partial response (PR). In part 2, seven PRs were observed, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2–2.6] and 6.9 (95% CI, 5.7–8.4) months, respectively.

Conclusions:
Elraglusib had a favorable toxicity profile as monotherapy and combined with chemotherapy and was associated with clinical benefit supporting further clinical evaluation in combination with chemotherapy.
Anticorruption and Imperialist Blind Spots: The Role of the United States in Brazil’s Long Coup
Authors: Mier Brian , Pitts Bryan , Swart Kathy , Ioris Rafael R. , Mitchell Sean T. 
Published: November 2023

A comprehensive examination of the evidence available, contained in U.S. government statements, English-language media accounts, and hacked Telegram chats among Brazilian prosecutors, indicates that the United States was closely involved in the "long coup" that removed the left from power in Brazil in 2016 and secured the election of the far-right in 2018. Just as after Brazil’s U.S.-backed 1964 coup, this evidence has largely been ignored by U.S. scholars. Latin Americanists would do well to return to the anti-imperialist tradition that established our field as a leading critic of U.S. foreign policy. Um exame abrangente das evidências disponíveis, contidas em declarações do governo dos EUA, relatos da mídia em inglês e bate-papos hackeados no Telegram entre promotores da justiça no Brasil, indica que os Estados Unidos estiveram intimamente envolvidos no "longo golpe" que removeu a esquerda do poder no Brasil em 2016 e garantiu a eleição da extrema-direita em 2018. Tal como depois do golpe de Estado de 1964 apoiado pelos EUA, esta evidência tem sido amplamente ignorada pelos académicos norte-americanos. Os latino-americanistas fariam bem em regressar à tradição anti-imperialista que estabeleceu o nosso campo como um dos principais críticos da política externa dos EUA.
The Abrahamic Ideology: Patrilineal Kinship and the Politics of Peacemaking in the Contemporary Middle East
Authors: Kaminer Matan 
Published: November 2023

This article examines the geopolitical landscape organised by the Abraham Accords, signed in 2020 between Israel, the UAE and Bahrain under US sponsorship, by exploring their namesake’s status as the common ancestor of Jews/Israelis and Muslims/Arabs through his sons Isaac and Ishmael. I begin by presenting the background and significance of the Accords, and show how despite its US-Christian origins, their nomenclature was enthusiastically received by Israeli and Emirati signatories thanks to its appeal to genealogy. Utilising anthropological theory, I then trace the legend of Abraham and his progeny from Genesis, through ancient and medieval debates between monotheists, arriving finally at the modern discourse of patrilineal cousinage and ‘Abrahamism’ as semi-official ideology. Other Abrahamisms may be possible, but in the form embedded in the Accords, I argue that this ideology promotes not sustainable peace but patriarchy, territorial homogeneity and violent marginalisation of those deemed ‘not to belong’ to the family. L’idéologie abrahamique : La parenté patrilinéaire et la politique de pacification dans le Moyen-Orient contemporain
Comparison of different 3D printers in terms of dimensional stability by image data of a dry human mandible obtained from CBCT and CT
Authors: Peker Ozturk Hilal , Ayyıldız Simel 
Published: November 2023

Objectives: To manage the mandibular traumas, for the expression of the complex anatomy or pathology in education of health sciences related branches, a model of the traumatized mandible is indispensable. For these, different 3D-print-technologies can be used. The aim of this study is, to measure how close these 3D-printed-models are to human-mandible (trueness) and the effectiveness of CT and CBCT at this point. Study design: One-dry-human-mandible and 10-models manufactured by five different 3D-printers in four different-kinds of additive-manufacturing technology (Fused-Deposition-Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), Binder-jetting (BJ), Polyjet (PJ)) were used, five-anatomic-landmarks and eight-distances were measured and evaluated. Mandible’s data were constructed based on DICOM-3.0 data from CBCT and CT scans. Images were opened in MIMICS (software-program). Results: Study compared the devices that produced models with the same dry human-mandible. It was seen that the model with the highest margin of error (132.5 mm) was manufactured by Fused-deposition-modeling device using CT-data. In terms of distance to real-data, the model with the lowest error was generated by Binder-Jetting (ZCorp) with CBCT-data. Models produced with CBCT-data are closer to dry-human-mandible than models with CT-data. Conclusion: The current study shows that CBCT generates significantly better data than CT in producing mandibular models. The first choice for manufacturing of human mandible is BJ and the second choice is the technology of SLA.
Mapping Palliative Care Availability and Accessibility: A First Step to Eradicating Access Deserts in the Low- and Middle-Income Settings
Authors: Segarmurthy Malar Velli , Lim Richard Boon-Leong , Yeat Choi Ling , Ong Yu-Xiang , Othman Salimah , Taher Sri Wahyu , Spence Dingle , Ahmad Fazlina , Sullivan Richard , Rosa William E. , Bhoo-Pathy Nirmala 
Published: November 2023

Objective Palliative care is unavailable and/or inaccessible for the majority of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study aims to determine the availability and accessibility of palliative care services in Malaysia, a middle-income country that has made good progress toward universal health coverage (UHC). Method Publicly available data, and databases of registered palliative care services were obtained from governmental and nongovernmental sources. Google Maps and Rome2Rio web-based applications were used to assess geographical disparities by estimating the median distance, travel time, and travel costs from every Malaysian district to the closest palliative care service. Results Substantial variations in availability, components, and accessibility (distance, time, and cost to access care) of palliative care services were observed. In the highly developed Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia, specialty care was available within 4 km whereas in the less-developed East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, patients had to travel approximately 46 km. In the predominantly rural East Malaysia, basic palliative care services were 82 km away and, in some instances, where land connectivity was scarce, it took 2.5 h to access care via boat. The corresponding median travel costs were USD2 (RM9) and USD23 (RM114) in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Conclusion The stark urban–rural divide in the availability and accessibility of palliative care services even in a setting that has made good progress toward UHC highlights the urgent need for decentralization of palliative care in the LMICs. This may be achieved by capacity building and task shifting in primary care and community settings.
Comparison of SAT and SBT Conduct During the ABC Trial and PILOT Trial
Authors: Alkhateeb Tuqa , Semler Matthew W. , Girard Timothy D. , Ely E. Wesley , Stollings Joanna L. 
Published: November 2023

Background Implementation of the “B” element—both spontaneous awakening trials (SATs) and spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs)—of the ABCDEF bundle improves the outcomes for mechanically ventilated patients. In 2021, the Pragmatic Investigation of optimal Oxygen Targets (PILOT) trial investigating optimal oxygenation targets in patients on mechanical ventilation was completed. Objectives To compare SAT and SBT conduct between a randomized controlled trial and current clinical care. Methods The 2008 Awakening and Breathing Controlled (ABC) Trial (2003-2006) randomized mechanically ventilated patients to paired SATs and SBTs versus sedation per usual care plus SBTs. The PILOT trial (2018-2021) enrolled patients years later where SAT + SBT conduct was observed. We compared SAT and SBT conduct in ABC's interventional group (SAT + SBT; n = 167, 1140 patient days) to that in PILOT (n = 2083, 8355 patient days). Results Spontaneous awakening trial safety screens were done in all 1140 ABC patient-days on sedation and/or analgesia and in 3889 of 4228 (92%) in PILOT. Spontaneous awakening trial safety screens were passed in 939 of 1140 (82%) instances in ABC versus only 1897 of 3889 (49%) in PILOT. Interestingly, SAT was performed in ≥95% of passed SAT safety screens in both trials and was passed in 837 of 895 (94%) in ABC versus 1145 of 1867 (61%) in PILOT. SBT safety screens were performed in all 983 ABC instances and 8031 of 8370 (96%) in PILOT. SBT safety screens were passed in 647 of 983 (66%) in ABC versus 4475 of 8031 (56%) in PILOT. Spontaneous breathing trial was performed in ≥93% of passed SBT safety screens in both trials and was passed in 319 of 603 (53%) in ABC versus 3337 of 4454 (75%) in PILOT. Conclusion This study compared SAT/SBT conduction in an ideal setting to real-world practice, 13 years later. Performance of SAT/SBT safety screens, SATs, and SBTs between a definitive clinical trial (ABC) as compared to current clinical care (PILOT) remained high.
Agrarian Urbanism and Vernacular Capital in India
Authors: Upadhya Carol 
Published: November 2023

Thomas Cowan. Subaltern Frontiers: Agrarian City-Making in Gurgaon (Cambridge University Press, 2022), 220 pp. $94.99. ISBN-13: 978-1-0091-0047-2 (E-book). Sushmita Pati. Properties of Rent: Community, Capital and Politics in Globalising Delhi (Cambridge University Press, 2022), 320 pp. ₹995. ISBN-13: 978-1-0091-0047-2 (hard cover).
Stigma Related to Observable Symptoms, But Not Stimulant Medication Use, in Young Women With ADHD
Authors: Canu Will H. , Cave M. Jamie , Nelson Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2023

Objective: ADHD is associated with stigma, but whether stimulant medication use contributes to this is unknown. We examined how perception of a young woman may be influenced by visible ADHD symptoms and/or prescribed stimulant medication use (PSMU). Method: Three-hundred-fourteen undergraduates were randomly assigned to watch one of four videos: a woman portraying (a) neither symptoms of ADHD nor PSMU, (b) no ADHD symptoms but disclosing PSMU, (c) ADHD symptoms but no PSMU, or (d) both ADHD symptoms and PSMU. Participants then completed measures of their liking of and desire for affiliation with the woman. Results: Analyses suggest that visible symptoms of ADHD were perceived negatively and are associated with less liking and desire for affiliation. PSMU was associated with negligible additive stigma. Conclusion: This supports that noticeable ADHD symptoms may be the primary driver of the stigma associated with the disorder, and specifically that directed at young women with ADHD.
Smoking during pregnancy and risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring and mother: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Nete Munk , Frisch Morten , Gørtz Sanne , Stenager Egon , Skogstrand Kristin , Hougaard David M , Ascherio Alberto , Rostgaard Klaus , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: November 2023

Background: The association between intra-uterine exposure to maternal smoking and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been little studied and with conflicting results. Objective: To examine the risk of MS in offspring exposed intra-uterine to maternal smoking. In addition, to re-examine prior observations of an elevated risk of MS among smokers, assuming that self-reported smoking during pregnancy reflects the woman’s general smoking habits. Methods: The study cohort included all Danish women, pregnant in the period 1991–2018, ( n = 789,299) and singletons from these pregnancies ( n = 879,135). Nationwide information on maternal smoking during pregnancy and MS cases in the study cohort were obtained from the Medical Birth Register and the National Patient Register. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between smoking and MS risk. Results: Women who smoked during pregnancy had a 42% increased risk of developing MS compared with non-smoking women (HR = 1.42 (1.32–1.52), n = 1,296). The risk of MS among singletons of women who smoked during pregnancy was 38% higher than that among singletons born to non-smoking women (HR = 1.38 (1.08–1.76), n = 110). Conclusion: Our observations add further to the evidence implicating smoking in the development of MS and suggest that intra-uterine exposure to tobacco smoke may increase MS risk.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Complex Aortic Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Palmier Mickael , Bosse Côme , Nana Petroula , Le Houérou Thomas , Tyrrell Mark , Guihaire Julien , Fabre Dominique , Haulon Stéphan 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID on total case load and peri-operative outcomes in patients undergoing open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular repair (ER) of complex aortic aneurysms (cAAs). Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of prospective data of patients managed with elective cAA ER or OSR from January 2018 to December 2021 was conducted. A comparative analysis on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the case volume and on the 30-day outcomes was assessed using time periods, before (2018–2019) and during the pandemic (2020–2021). Results: During the 4-year study period, 255 patients with cAA were managed with ER and 576 with OSR. The pandemic did not reduce the cAA ER volume (p=0.12), but a statistically significant reduction in OSR case load was recorded (p=0.04). Following OSR, hospital length of stay (11.1 vs 10.3 days), and early mortality (6.94% vs 4.63%), were similar before and during the pandemic. In the ER cohort, baseline characteristics, early mortality (3.6% vs 4.1%, p=0.976), and morbidity (10% vs 14%, p=0.44), were comparable during the 2 periods. For ER cases, the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay both decreased significantly (8±8–6±7 days, p<0.001 and 2±4 vs 1±6 days p=0.01, respectively) during the pandemic. Conclusion: Resource pressures drove modifications in clinical practice to reduce the length of hospitalization, without compromising the clinical outcomes, in patients undergoing ER of cAA. This modification was not effective in patients undergoing OSR that resulted in a significant decrease of this activity. Clinical Impact The pandemic did not reduce complex endovascular repair (ER) volume (p=0.12) while a significant reduction in open surgical repair (OSR) case load was recorded (p=0.04). For the endovascular cohort, early mortality (p=0.976) and morbidity (p=0.44) remained stable, while the hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay decreased (p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively) during the pandemic.
Peimine Alleviated Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice Through Reducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Regulating Host Metabolism
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Feng , Shen Aijuan , Hu Jian , Chen Minjin , Yang Huiqun 
Published: November 2023

Objectives Peimine (PM), derived from Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, has been demonstrated with protective effects on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the detailed mechanisms of PM on PF remain unknown. The aim of current study was to assess the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of PM on PF. Methods In this study, mice received bleomycin (BLM) injection to induce PF and then received the treatment of PM orally. The therapeutic effects of PM on PF were firstly assessed through histopathological staining (hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining) and measuring hydroxyproline (HYP) level in lung. Then, we measured the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers (vimentin and E-cadherin), pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and oxidative stress-related indicators (superoxide dismutase[SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA] and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]) in lung. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics were employed to explore the effects of PM on metabolites in lung. Results PM treatment improved the pathological changes including reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreasing collagen deposition, and decreasing the HYP level in lung in PF mice. Moreover, PM treatment up-regulated E-cadherin and down-regulated vimentin, decreased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression, increased SOD and GSH-Px activities, and decreased MDA level in lung. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that PM altered the metabolites in lung of mice with BLM-induced PF. The differential metabolites were mainly associated with tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Conclusion PM exhibited therapeutic effects on BLM-induced PF mice including reducing collagen deposition, inhibiting EMT and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The mechanism of PM on PF may be associated with regulating tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism in lung.
The Association of Cavovarus Foot Deformity With an Os Peroneum
Authors: Zingas Nicolas H. , King Brandon W. 
Published: November 2023

Objective We sought to assess whether the presence of an os peroneum is correlated with cavovarus foot alignment in patients without a neurologic explanation for their foot shape. We hypothesized that a large os peroneum would increase the power of the peroneus longus and lead to a forefoot-driven, hindfoot varus deformity. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single institution and reviewed patients with 3 weightbearing views of the foot on plain radiography. Patients were characterized into having either no os peroneum (235), a small os peroneum (18), or a large os peroneum (23). The control group included the first 101 of the 235 patients without an os peroneum based on a power analysis of the primary outcome, which was the difference in the mean Meary’s angle (lateral talo-first metatarsal angle) between groups. The kite angle (anterior-posterior [AP] talocalcaneal angle), as well as 4 other angles were measured as secondary outcomes. Results Those with a large os peroneum had on a mean 7.7° (P < .01) more apex dorsal angulation of Meary’s angle than controls, and a kite angle 4.2° varus to that of the control group. There were no differences between the small os peroneum and control groups. Conclusion These findings add to the existing literature surrounding the etiology of cavovarus foot shape and link the presence of an ossified os peroneum, an oftentimes incidental radiographic finding, to cavovarus foot deformity in those without an underlying neurologic diagnosis. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective Case-Control
Differences in Abdominal Muscle Thickness, Strength, and Endurance in Persons Who Are Runners, Active, and Inactive
Authors: Schaeffer Beth H. , Anemaet Wendy K. , Arnold Allyson L. , Brabham Autumn B. , Groom Nancy K. , Moore Cassidee R. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Core musculature is important for efficiency during activities including running. Both abdominal muscle strength and endurance contribute to this efficiency. The purpose of this study is to determine what differences and relationships exist in abdominal muscle thickness, strength, and endurance among persons who are runners, active, and inactive. Hypothesis: Persons in the running group would show significantly greater abdominal muscle thickness, muscle strength, and muscle endurance compared with those in the nonrunning groups. Study Design: Quantitative cohort design. Level of Evidence: Level 2b. Methods: A total of 78 subjects aged 18 to 27 years were divided into 3 groups: runners, active, and inactive. Assessment included abdominal muscle thickness via diagnostic ultrasound (Mindray North America), strength using a static Isotrack dynamometer (JTech Medical), and abdominal muscle endurance using a side plank. Statistical analysis using analysis of variance, t tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and partial correlations was performed using SPSS Version 26 with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Significantly greater muscle thickness of internal obliques (IOs) at rest and during contraction was found in the running group compared with the active group, the active group compared with the inactive group, and the running group compared with the inactive group. There were no statistically significant differences in overall strength measured by dynamometry among the 3 groups. Plank time was significantly greater for the running group compared with the other 2 groups. Male participants were greater in all areas: strength, plank time as a measure of muscle endurance, and muscle thickness. Body mass index was significantly correlated with resting thickness, muscle endurance, and muscle strength. Conclusion: Persons who run, are active, and are inactive use their abdominal muscles differently. Runners have thicker IOs and better abdominal muscle endurance than the other 2 groups. Focusing on endurance training of the obliques may be beneficial for persons who run. Clinical Relevance: This research could contribute to developing core training programs to ensure runners target the correct abdominal muscles with the best type of training.