bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Remains of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Tension after Cyclic Knee Motion
Authors: Arnold Markus P. , Lie Denny T. T. , Verdonschot Nico , de Graaf Ruurd , Amis Andrew A. , van Kampen Albert 
Published: February 2005

Background There is sometimes a return of excess knee laxity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. One of the contributing factors might be a loss in graft tension. It is unknown whether the tension imposed on an anterior cruciate ligament graft degrades with time and, if so, the effect of that loss of tension on knee laxity. Hypotheses The pretension in the anterior cruciate ligament graft reduces significantly within the first 500 motion cycles, and this decrease in graft tension causes an increase in knee laxity. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods This study measured the remains of bone-patellar tendon-bone graft pretension after cyclical flexion-extension and the effect of any tension loss on knee laxity, using 8 cadaveric knees. A tension transducer was inserted into the graft and calibrated in situ. The reconstruction tension was 40 N at 20° of flexion. In test 1, the graft tension was measured under cyclical flexion-extension in a motorized rig up to 1500 cycles. Test 2, with a new graft, also included anteroposterior and internal-external rotational knee laxity measurements at 0, 500, and 1500 cycles. Results The graft tension at 0° of flexion dropped from 208 N, by 25% after 50 cycles, 41% by 500, and 46% by 1500 cycles. Anterior laxity increased from +1.4 to +2.8 mm by 500 cycles, and performing these laxity tests also caused significant tension losses. Clinical Relevance These results provide one possible explanation for early slackening of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.
Comparison of Dynamic Sonography to Stress Radiography for Assessing Glenohumeral Laxity in Asymptomatic Shoulders
Authors: Borsa Paul A. , Jacobson Jon A. , Scibek Jason S. , Dover Geoffrey C. 
Published: February 2005

Background Stress radiography has been the established imaging method for quantifying glenohumeral joint laxity. Dynamic ultrasound is an alternative imaging method that may be used to measure glenohumeral laxity; however, validity and repeatability have not been examined. Objective To determine criterion-related validity and repeatability of a sonographic imaging method for measuring glenohumeral laxity in asymptomatic shoulders. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In experiment 1, 20 subjects were assessed for glenohumeral laxity using stress radiography and dynamic ultrasound. In the second experiment, 13 subjects were assessed for laxity in 2 separate test sessions using the dynamic ultrasound technique. Results Correlational analysis between the sonographic and radiographic measures revealed an r = 0.79 (r2 = 0.62), indicating excellent criterion-related validity for the sonographic imaging method. Test-retest repeatability was 0.72 and 0.85 for anterior and posterior translation, respectively, and interrater repeatability was 0.96 and 0.99 for anterior and posterior translation, respectively. Conclusions Dynamic ultrasound appears to be a valid and repeatable method for assessing glenohumeral laxity in a clinical setting. Clinical Relevance Based on the results of this study, dynamic ultrasound is a repeatable and valid method for measuring glenohumeral laxity and therefore may be used as a viable replacement for stress radiography during assessments of glenohumeral laxity.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Reconstruction, Part 2
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Barber-Westin Sue D. 
Published: February 2005

Background Posterior cruciate ligament reconstructions fail for similar reasons as to why anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions fail. Revision surgery is an option after failure. Purpose To prospectively study the results of 15 posterior cruciate ligament revision surgeries using a 2-strand quadriceps tendonpatellar bone autograft. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The authors observed 15 knees that received the revision procedure a mean of 44 months (range, 23-84 months) postoperatively. The results were determined by a comprehensive knee examination including stress radiography and several grading scales. A tibial inlay technique was used in 9 knees, and an arthroscopic tibial tunnel technique was done in 6 knees. Six knees required 1 or more concomitant ligament reconstructions. Results Significant improvements occurred in pain, function, and patient perception scores (P <. 05). However, only 53% returned to light sports without problems. Stress radiograph posterior tibial translation values improved from 11.7 ± 3.0 mm preoperatively to 5.1 ± 2.4 mm at follow-up (P <. 001). Two of the 15 revisions failed. Associated knee ligament reconstructive procedures restored anterior, medial, and posterolateral stability. There were no complications from the quadriceps tendon graft harvest site. Abnormal articular cartilage surfaces were found during the revision in 8 (53%) knees. Conclusions The quadriceps tendon 2-strand revision provided reasonable results in this group of complex-injured knees. The tibial inlay approach is advantageous to bypass prior tibial tunnels, and the all-inside arthroscopic technique is advantageous when major concurrent ligament reconstructions are required.
The Effects of Thermal Capsular Shrinkage on the Outcomes of Arthroscopic Stabilization for Primary Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Haen Pieter Stijn , Walton Judie , Murrell George A. C. 
Published: February 2005

Background The effectiveness of arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy in the prevention of recurrent instability in primary anterior stabilization is undetermined. Purpose To determine if patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability who have labral repair plus arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy have better outcomes than those with labral repair alone. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Method There were 72 patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization with Suretac II tacks (n = 32) during 1996 to 1999 or with Suretac II tacks plus arthroscopic radiofrequency capsular shrinkage (n = 40) from 1999 to 2002. Standardized patient-determined and examiner-determined outcome measures were obtained preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Statistical analyses included a Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to recurrent instability. Results Of the 72 patients, 66 had complete follow-up, including 28 patients treated with the Suretac stabilization and 38 patients with the Suretac plus radiofrequency shrinkage, for a mean follow-up of 58 and 30 months, respectively. All patients had a Bankart lesion. Both groups had similar results with respect to patient-determined and examiner-determined outcome measures. The only adverse outcome was postoperative recurrent instability in 6 of 28 cases in the Suretac group alone and 8 of 38 cases in the Suretac-plus-shrinkage group. Most recurrent instability occurred between 6 and 24 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis for time to recurrent instability showed no differences in the rate of instability recurrence between the 2 groups. Conclusion Arthroscopic thermal capsulorrhaphy neither enhanced nor impaired the outcomes of arthroscopic labral repair with biodegradable tacks in patients with primary recurrent anterior shoulder instability.
Fifth Metatarsal Jones Fracture Fixation with a 4.5-mm Cannulated Stainless Steel Screw in the Competitive and Recreational Athlete
Authors: Porter David A. , Duncan Melissa , Meyer Susan J. F. 
Published: February 2005

Background Fifth metatarsal Jones fractures are common in the athletic population. Optimal screw selection for operative treatment has not been determined. Hypothesis A 4.5-mm cannulated screw used for fixation of the fifth metatarsal Jones fractures in athletes is an effective treatment approach. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The authors studied 23 consecutive athletes (24 feet) who were treated surgically with a 4.5-mm cannulated screw for fifth metatarsal fractures (Jones fracture) with clinical and radiographic assessments. Results There have been no refractures to date. Clinical healing was 100%. The mean percentage healing as shown on radiographs was 98.9%, with a range of 90% to 100%. All athletes returned to sport at a mean time of 7.5 weeks (range, 10 days to 12 weeks). Two athletes experienced a “reinjury” without need for operative treatment. All athletes were recommended to wear orthoses until their competitive careers were completed. Conclusion Fixation with a stainless steel 4.5-mm cannulated screw gives 100% clinical healing and near-100% healing as shown on radiographs. Clinical Relevance The 4.5-mm cannulated screws can yield reliable and effective healing as evidenced by clinical assessment and radiographs of fifth metatarsal Jones fractures in athletes.
Varying Femoral Tunnels between the Anatomical Footprint and Isometric Positions
Authors: Musahl Volker , Plakseychuk Anton , Vanscyoc Andrew , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Debski Richard E. , Mcmahon Patrick J. , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: February 2005

Background Knee kinematics and in situ forces resulting from anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with 2 femoral tunnel positions were evaluated. Hypothesis A graft placed inside the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament will restore knee function better than a graft placed at a position for best graft isometry. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Ten cadaveric knees were tested in response to a 134-N anterior load and a combined 10-N·m valgus and 5-N·m internal rotation load. A robotic universal force-moment sensor testing system was used to apply loads, and resulting kinematics were recorded. An active surgical robot system was used for positioning tunnels in 2 locations in the femoral notch: inside the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament and a position for best graft isometry. The same quadrupled hamstring tendon graft was used for both tunnel positions. The 2 loading conditions were applied. Results At 30° of knee flexion, anterior tibial translation in response to the anterior load for the intact knee was 9.8 ± 3.1 mm. Both femoral tunnel positions resulted in significantly higher anterior tibial translation (position 1: 13.8 ± 4.6 mm; position 2: 16.6 ± 3.7 mm; P <. 05). There was a significant difference between the 2 tunnel positions. At the same flexion angle, the anterior tibial translation in response to the combined load for the intact knee was 7.7 ± 4.0 mm. Both femoral tunnel positions resulted in significantly higher anterior tibial translation (position 1: 10.4 ± 5.5 mm; position 2: 12.0 ± 5.2 mm; P <. 05), with a significant difference between the tunnel positions. Conclusion Neither femoral tunnel position restores normal kinematics of the intact knee. A femoral tunnel position inside the anatomical footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament results in knee kinematics closer to the intact knee than does a tunnel position located for best graft isometry. Clinical Relevance Anatomical femoral tunnel position is important in reproducing function of the anterior cruciate ligament.
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and the Oxidative Hypothesis of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bonnefont-Rousselot Dominique , Thérond Patrice , Beaudeux Jean-Louis , Peynet Jacqueline , Le-grand Alain , Delattre Jacques 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The oxidative hypothesis of atherosclerosis classically implies a central role for low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. However, new antiatherogenic properties have been recognized for high density lipoproteins (HDL), apart from their ability to reverse cholesterol transport. Indeed, native HDL could protect LDL from oxidation, thereby minimizing the deleterious consequences of this process. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this protective role. Two HDL-associated enzymes, paraoxonase and PAF-acetylhydrolase, detoxify oxidized phospholipids produced by lipid peroxidation. In addition, HDL could reduce hydroperoxides to their corresponding hydroxides. It has also been suggested that HDL could inhibit oxidized LDL-induced transduction signals. However, in vivo HDL oxidation in the subendothelial space would favor the atherosclerotic process. Indeed, atherogenic properties of these oxidized HDL partly result from some loss of their cholesterol effluxing capacity and from an inactivation of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, which is a HDL-associated enzyme involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Finally, oxidized HDL could induce cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Further in-depth investigation is needed to assess these antagonistic effects and their consequences for the atherosclerotic process.
Magnesium in Disease: a Review with Special Emphasis on the Serum Ionized Magnesium
Authors: Sanders Gerard T. , Huijgen Henk J. , Sanders Renata 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis review deals with the six main clinical situations related to magnesium or one of its fractions, including ionized magnesium: renal disease, hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, and the administration of therapeutic drugs. Issues addressed are the physiological role of magnesium, eventual changes in its levels, and how these best can be monitored.In renal disease mostly moderate hypermagnesemia is seen; measuring ionized magnesium offers minimal advantage. In hypertension magnesium might be lowered but its measurement does not seem relevant. In the prediction of severe pre-eclampsia, elevated ionized magnesium concentration may play a role, but no unequivocal picture emerges. Low magnesium in blood may be cause for, or consequence of, diabetes mellitus. No special fraction clearly indicates magnesium deficiency leading to insulin resistance. Cardiac diseases are related to diminished magnesium levels. During myocardial infarction, serum magnesium drops. Total magnesium concentration in cardiac cells can be predicted from levels in sublingual or skeletal muscle cells. Most therapeutic drugs (diuretics, chemotherapeutics, immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics) cause hypomagnesemia due to increased urinary loss.It is concluded that most of the clinical situations studied show hypomagnesemia due to renal loss, with exception of renal disease. Keeping in mind that only 1% of the total body magnesium pool is extracellular, no simple measurement of the real intracellular situation has emerged; measuring ionized magnesium in serum has little added value at present.
Das NPU-System (IFCC, IUPAC) der Messgrößen und Einheiten in der Laboratoriumsmedizin. The NPU coding system (IFCC, IUPAC) for properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences
Authors: R. Külpmann Wolf 
Published: February 2005

Abstract

Abstract IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) and IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) have developed an elaborate system named NPU system (N: nomenclature; P: properties; U: units) to standardize reports of findings in laboratory sciences. The use of the system allows to provide results that are unambiguous, easily understandable and comparable all over the world. For data transfer, all items with regard to system, component, kind of property and unit of a quantity are represented by one number, the NPU code number. The value of the quantity expressed by the NPU code renders unequivocal information on the measured quantity. Currently, the NPU system is available for measurements e.g. in clinical chemistry, haemostaseology, immunohaematology, allergology, toxicology, microbiology, and molecular biology and is steadily being updated. The adoption of the NPU system does not require a change of the conventional individual way by which results of measurements are presented locally.
Kommerzielle Systeme zur Genotypisierung von humanen Immundefizienzviren Typ 1: Vergleich von ViroSeq (Abbott) und TruGene (Bayer). Commercially available assays for genotyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Comparison of ViroSeq (Abbott) and TruGene (Bayer)
Authors: Stürmer Martin , Berger Annemarie , Preiser Wolfgang , Doerr Hans Wilhelm 
Published: February 2005

Abstract

Abstract HIV-1 resistance testing has become an increasingly important feature in antiretroviral treatment and is commonly performed by genotyping. Currently, two different systems are being marketed, and despite being far from easy to use, they have achieved a high degree of quality. Modifications of the standard kit protocols may be advantageous in certain situations. Although resistance reports issued by these systems are based on decision rules, they nevertheless require considerable knowledge and skills by the user to draw useful clinical data out of detected resistance patterns. Both systems described here in detail have their advantages and disadvantages; a decision in favor of one or the other needs to be based on individual requirements. In the future, Microarray systems may achieve a leading position on the market.
A Second-Generation Genetic Linkage Map of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)Sequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank data libraries under accession nos. G68180, G68324 and BV005269, BV005594.
Authors: Lee Bo-Young , Lee Woo-Jai , Streelman J Todd , Carleton Karen L , Howe Aimee E , Hulata Gideon , Slettan Audun , Stern Justin E , Terai Yohey , Kocher Thomas D 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
We constructed a second-generation linkage map of tilapia from the F2 progeny of an interspecific cross between Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus. The map reported here contains 525 microsatellite and 21 gene-based markers. It spans 1311 cM in 24 linkage groups, for an average marker spacing of 2.4 cM. We detected associations of sex and red color with markers on linkage group 3. This map will enable mapping and selective breeding of quantitative traits important to the economic culture of tilapia as a food fish and will contribute to the study of closely related cichlids that have undergone explosive adaptive radiation in the lakes of East Africa.
The Zebrafish pob Gene Encodes a Novel Protein Required for Survival of Red Cone Photoreceptor CellsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession no. AY745978.
Authors: Taylor Michael R , Kikkawa Satoshi , Diez-Juan Antonio , Ramamurthy Visvanathan , Kawakami Koichi , Carmeliet Peter , Brockerhoff Susan E 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The zebrafish mutant, partial optokinetic response b (pob), was isolated using an N-ethyl N-nitrosourea (ENU)-based screening strategy designed to identify larvae with defective optokinetic responses in red but not white light. Previous studies showed that red-light blindness in pob is due to the specific loss of long-wavelength photoreceptor cells via an apoptotic mechanism. Here, we used positional cloning to identify the mutated pob gene. We find that pob encodes a highly conserved 30-kDa protein of unknown function. To demonstrate that the correct gene was isolated, we used the Tol2 transposon system to generate transgenic animals and rescue the mutant phenotype. The Pob protein contains putative transmembrane regions and protein-sorting signals. It is localized to the inner segment and synapse in photoreceptor cells, and when expressed in COS-7 cells it localizes to intracellular compartments. We also show that the degeneration of red cone photoreceptors in the mutants occurs independently of light. On the basis of our findings, we propose that Pob is not involved in phototransduction but rather plays an essential role in protein sorting and/or trafficking.
Slit-Roundabout Signaling Neutralizes Netrin-Frazzled-Mediated Attractant Cue to Specify the Lateral Positioning of Longitudinal Axon Pathways
Authors: Bhat Krishna Moorthi 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
An extending axon growth cone is subjected to attractant and repellent cues. It is not clear how these growth cones discriminate the two opposing forces and select their projection paths. Here, we report that in the Drosophila nerve cord the growth cones of longitudinal tracts are subjected to attraction by the Netrin-Frazzled pathway. However, the midline Slit neutralizes this pathway in a Robo-dependent manner and prevents Netrin-Frazzled-mediated attraction of longitudinal tracts. Our results suggest that the loss of a neutralizing effect on the Netrin-mediated attraction is responsible for the longitudinal tracts entering the midline in slit mutants as opposed to a loss of repulsion as is currently believed. This effect is not via a direct inhibition of Frazzled by Robo; instead, it is at a level downstream of Frazzled. Thus, the growth cones of longitudinal tracts subjected to two opposing forces are able to block one with the other and specify their correct lateral positioning along the midline.
Mechanisms of Haploinsufficiency Revealed by Genome-Wide Profiling in Yeast
Authors: Deutschbauer Adam M , Jaramillo Daniel F , Proctor Michael , Kumm Jochen , Hillenmeyer Maureen E , Davis Ronald W , Nislow Corey , Giaever Guri 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Haploinsufficiency is defined as a dominant phenotype in diploid organisms that are heterozygous for a loss-of-function allele. Despite its relevance to human disease, neither the extent of haploinsufficiency nor its precise molecular mechanisms are well understood. We used the complete set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous deletion strains to survey the genome for haploinsufficiency via fitness profiling in rich (YPD) and minimal media to identify all genes that confer a haploinsufficient growth defect. This assay revealed that ∼3% of all ∼5900 genes tested are haploinsufficient for growth in YPD. This class of genes is functionally enriched for metabolic processes carried out by molecular complexes such as the ribosome. Much of the haploinsufficiency in YPD is alleviated by slowing the growth rate of each strain in minimal media, suggesting that certain gene products are rate limiting for growth only in YPD. Overall, our results suggest that the primary mechanism of haploinsufficiency in yeast is due to insufficient protein production. We discuss the relevance of our findings in yeast to human haploinsufficiency disorders.
The Snf1 Protein Kinase and Sit4 Protein Phosphatase Have Opposing Functions in Regulating TATA-Binding Protein Association With the Saccharomyces cerevisiae INO1 Promoter
Authors: Shirra Margaret K , Rogers Sarah E , Alexander Diane E , Arndt Karen M 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
To identify the mechanisms by which multiple signaling pathways coordinately affect gene expression, we investigated regulation of the S. cerevisiae INO1 gene. Full activation of INO1 transcription occurs in the absence of inositol and requires the Snf1 protein kinase in addition to other signaling molecules and transcription factors. Here, we present evidence that the Sit4 protein phosphatase negatively regulates INO1 transcription. A mutation in SIT4 was uncovered as a suppressor of the inositol auxotrophy of snf1Δ strains. We found that sit4 mutant strains exhibit an Spt− phenotype, suggesting a more general role for Sit4 in transcription. In fact, like the gene-specific regulators of INO1 transcription, Opi1, Ino2, and Ino4, both Snf1 and Sit4 regulate binding of TBP to the INO1 promoter, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Experiments involving double-mutant strains indicate that the negative effect of Sit4 on INO1 transcription is unlikely to occur through dephosphorylation of histone H3 or Opi1. Sit4 is a known component of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, and treatment of cells with rapamycin reduces INO1 activation. However, analysis of rapamycin-treated cells suggests that Sit4 represses INO1 transcription through multiple mechanisms, only one of which may involve inhibition of TOR signaling.