bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1924 Bahriye Bütçesi Görüşmeleri Işığında Cumhuriyetin İlk Yıllarında Türk Donanması
Authors: ÖZCAN ERDAL Burcu 
Published: October 2023

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşuyla birlikte deniz güvenliği ve savunması, devletin yeni yönetiminin öncelikli meselelerinden biri haline gelmiş, 1924 Bahriye Bütçesi görüşmeleri ile Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarındaki deniz gücünün oluşturulmasında ve geliştirilmesindeki temel adımlardan biri atılmıştır. Bu makale, 1924 Bahriye Bütçesi görüşmelerinin, Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nin erken dönemdeki evrimi ve donanmanın ulusal bağımsızlıktaki rolü açısından önemini incelemektedir.
Görüşmelerin odak noktası, Türk donanmasının güncel ihtiyaçlarının karşılanarak modernizasyonunun gerçekleştirilebilmesi için ayrılacak bütçeyi belirlemekti. Donanmanın ihtiyaçlarının tespit edilmesi, teknolojik altyapısının güçlendirilmesi ve personel eğitimi gibi hayati meselelerin ele alındığı TBMM’deki bu görüşmeler sırasında alınan kararlar, donanmanın gelişimi açısından belirleyici bir rol oynadı.
Bu çalışmada, 1924 Bahriye Bütçesi görüşmelerinin ardından Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nin nasıl yeniden yapılandırıldığı ve modern bir donanmanın temellerinin atıldığı ele alınmış, Bahriye Vekâleti’nin kuruluşu ve kurumsallaşması ayrıntılı olarak anlatılmıştır. Bu çerçevede TBMM Gizli Celse Zabıtları, T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi başta olmak üzere çeşitli resmi yayınlar ile birçok araştırma ve inceleme eserinden yararlanılmıştır.
Differences in Burnout Aspects in Croatian Nursing Students – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Friganović Adriano , Čukljek Snjezana , Bošković Sandra , Kurtović Biljana , Kovačević Irena , Spevan Marija , Brusić Josip , Civka Kristian 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a growing concern among nursing students, potentially impacting their academic success and future professional performance. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of burnout syndrome in Croatian nursing students and examine the associations between burnout and demographic features (age, gender, year of study, part-time or full-time study).
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 423 nursing students from the University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Rijeka. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); MBI human services survey was used to assess burnout levels.
Results: Nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Rijeka, experienced higher burnout levels than those at the University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb (χ2 = 10.214, ss = 2, p = 0.006). Significant associations were found between burnout levels and age, gender, year of study, and enrolment status. Specifically, younger students, female students, and full-time students reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion (EE). 2nd-year students reported lower EE than their first and 3rd-year peers.
Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the unique needs and stressors faced by different subgroups of nursing students. Tailored interventions and support systems are essential for alleviating burnout and promoting well-being in nursing students. Further research, including longitudinal studies, is required to better understand burnout progression and to inform the development of effective strategies for reducing burnout in nursing education.
Estimation of serum levels of Parathyroid hormone, Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphorus to study their association with age, gender, disease duration, and severity of chronic plaque psoriasis: Results of a case control study
Authors: Mehta Karaninder Singh , Negi Rohit , Chauhan Pushpinder Singh , Sharma Anuj , Sharma Reena , Mahajan Vikram 
Published: October 2023

: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by rapid turnover of epidermal keratinocytes; presenting clinically as erythema, induration, and scaling Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by parathyroid glands and its elevated levels may be seen in psoriasis and several other disorders of keratinization. PTH/PTH-related peptide receptors are present in dermal fibroblasts & regulate proliferation and maturation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Release of PTH is under the feedback regulation of serum Ca2+, Vit.D and PO: To assess the Parathyroid hormone levels in patients of Psoriasis along with Vitamin D, Serum Calcium and Serum Phosphorus levels.: Out of the 50 cases aged between 18 and 91 years majority of patients i.e 22 (44%) were in the age group of 18-40 years followed by 20 (40%) patients in 41-60 years age group. Eight (16%) patients were above &#62;60 years. 32 (64%) patients who had psoriasis for less than ≤60 months while 18 (36%) patients had psoriasis for more than &#62;60 months Serum PTH (normal 10–65pg/ml), Vitamin D(normal 20-50(ng/ml), calcium (normal 9-11mg/dl and phosphorus (normal 2.5-4.5mg/dl) levels were measured after overnight fasting. : A total of 50 psoriasis patients along with 50 non-psoriatic age and sex matched controls were recruited for the study. There were 28 males and 22 females in the patient group aged between 18 and 91 years (mean±SD 43.52±16.23 years). The mean age of controls was 47.12±16.29 years with 19(38%) subjects in 18-40 years age group and 21(42%) in 41-60 years age group. Amongst the cases, there were 10(20%) patients who had abnormal PTH levels (six had elevated levels of PTH and four patients with low PTH levels) while 40(80%) had normal levels (mean±SD 47.97±25.46 pg/ml). : The interpretation of our observation remains complex and any conclusion for the significance of these biochemical abnormalities remain conjectural. Moreover, association of psoriasis with abnormal biochemical parameters remains debatable in view of limited number of studies whether abnormal biochemical parameters can serve as markers of severity and their correction can lead to improvement in the disease needs confirmation with more well designed experimental and prospective clinical studies.
SHARĪ‘AH APPLICATION MODEL IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES
Authors: Maghfirah Maghfirah 
Published: October 2023

In the Islamic world, leadership is khilāfah for Sunnis and Imāmat for Shiites. Along with the collapse of the Umayyad Empire, Europe, and colonization of the Muslim world, new concepts came into contact, such as the nation-state, democracy, nationalism, etc. In this mixing of ideas, there is a change in the development of the application of sharia. This paper aims to explain sharī‘ah application model in Muslim countries. This paper is a literature review that analyzes reference sources from journals, books, and websites using collecting data in the documentation and various articles and books with content analysis, namely by analyzing descriptive literature data or scientific research’s message. At the same time, the data analysis method is deductive, inductive, and comparative. The findings of this paper are the application of sharī‘ah in the context of modernity in various Muslim countries. There are at least three types of responding to new concepts that are in direct contact with post-colonialism. First, the application of sharī‘ah mixed into the constitution of a country as a whole. Second, sharī‘ah is a sub-ideology, the intersection between religion and the State. Third; is the separation of sharī‘ah and the State. The application of sharī‘ah has many factors, such as the majority of schools, the hegemony of power, and welfare. Thus, in choosing the application of sharī‘ah, there are three forms of understanding, namely ifrāṭ, tafrīṭ, and mu‘tadil.
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors regulate autophagy and cell survival in cardiac myocytes during hypoxic stress
Authors: Kirshenbaum Eryn , Nguyen Huong , Margulets Victoria , Crandall Molly , Nematisouldaragh Darya , Rabinovich-Nikitin Inna 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Autophagy is a highly conserved evolutionary process that regulates cell quality control through protein degradation, organelle turnover, and recycling of cellular components by fusing with lysosomes. Defects in autophagy can lead to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress from impaired mitochondrial clearance by mitophagy. These defects are commonly associated with chronic human diseases such as cancer, myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging.
Aim: Herein, we show that the gene Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptors α (Rora ) is cardioprotective through modulation of autophagy and clearance of damaged ROS-producing mitochondria in cardiac myocytes.
Methods and results: We show that RORα is downregulated during hypoxia, leading to increased death of cardiac cells and enhanced mitochondrial perturbations. We demonstrate that the small molecule Nobiletin, a polymethoxy flavonoid, can induce RORα activation and downregulate the aging-associated marker p16, coincident with reduced ROS-producing mitochondria. We further show that Nobiletin binds directly to the Rora gene promoter, leading to activation of autophagic function and increased cell survival of cardiac myocytes during hypoxia. Interestingly, loss of RORα activity during hypoxia resulted in the failure of Nobiletin to rescue autophagy and inhibits its capacity for cardiac protection. Furthermore, the inactivation of autophagy by ATG7 knockdown abrogated the cytoprotective effects of Nobiletin on autophagic activation.
Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that RORα regulates autophagic processes linked to aging upon activation with Nobiletin. Interventions that activate RORα may prove beneficial in reducing hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS associated with cardiac aging.
Pipeline to Military Orthopaedic Leadership: 20 Years of Race and Gender Diversity Trends Within Military Orthopaedic Surgery Fellowship Training
Authors: Fisher Miles W.A. , Askew Morgan , Baird Michael , Ozdemir Sevil , Williams Shaun , Ramirez Valentina , Kilcoyne Kelly , Dingle Marvin 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The lack of trainees from underrepresented race and gender backgrounds in orthopaedic surgery fellowship training has been well reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic trends of federally sponsored military orthopaedic surgery fellows in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. We hypothesize that there has been an increase in women selected for fellowship but that there has been no change in the race demographics of military fellows over the past 2 decades.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all available demographic data collected by the Army, Air Force, and Navy since the beginning of tracking federally funded fellowship training in orthopaedic surgery was completed (1998-2021). Data were grouped into 4-year periods for analysis to closely mirror the military assignment cycle.

Results:
Three hundred sixty-two military orthopaedic surgery fellowship board selectees were included in our analysis. The proportion of women fellows increased from 3% (n = 2/69) over 2001 to 2004 to 21% (n = 17/82) during 2017 to 2020 (p < 0.05). Fellows who identified as White comprised 82% (n = 297) of the cohort during the study period. Individuals who identified as Asian were the next highest proportion of fellows at 4% (n = 16), followed by Black (n = 14, 4%) and Hispanic (n = 13, 3%). Individuals who identified as Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander represented 1% (n = 3), and an additional 6% (n = 20) fellows identified as “other” or “undeclared.” Over the 20-year study period, representation of Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian, and Hispanic fellows did not increase (p = 0.79, 0.81, 0.45, 0.34, respectively).

Conclusions:
Within military orthopaedics, there has been increased representation of women in fellowship training over the past 20 years. However, the proportion of fellows from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups has remained stagnant. One barrier to improving gender and race representation is the currently imprecise and inconsistent collection of demographic information. Importantly, fellowship training has a direct effect on future leadership opportunities within the military orthopaedic surgery community. A more diverse leadership may help to inspire future generations of military orthopaedic surgeons.

Level of Evidence:
IV.
Effect of Polishing on Cutting Efficiency and Mechanical Properties of PDC Cutters
Authors: Wei Jiusen , Liu Wei , Gao Deli , Guo Dameng 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits equipped with polished cutters have shown improvements in drilling performance compared to the bits using nonpolished cutters. Despite the positive feedback from numerous global field runs, the merits of polished cutters are still not fully studied and not taken seriously, for example, by the bit manufacturers and drilling engineers in China. In this work, the effect of polishing on the rock-cutting efficiency and mechanical properties of PDC cutters was comprehensively analyzed through laboratory tests and field trials. The underlying mechanism was also investigated through theoretical modeling and experimental results. A rock-cutting force model of a single PDC cutter was developed to elucidate the effect of polishing on the rock-cutter interaction considering the friction between the cutter surface and rock cuttings. The results revealed that the polished cutter has better rock-cutting efficiency because the polishing reduces the friction on the cutter surface. This reduction in friction facilitates the evacuation of rock cuttings from the crushing zone and plastic flow zone, leading to lower mechanical specific energy (MSE) compared to the nonpolished diamond surface. Moreover, the polished cutters exhibit improved thermal stability and better impact fatigue resistance while maintaining comparable wear and impact resistance to nonpolished cutters. To further validate the findings, two field trials were conducted in Sinopec Shengli Oilfield. The first field trial using four PDC bits with polished cutters and one bit with nonpolished cutters found that the bits with polished cutters obtained a higher rate of penetration (ROP) in drilling hard and plastic mudstone, which agreed well with the theoretical and experimental results. In the second field trial, it was noted that the polished cutters presented comparable mechanical properties to nonpolished cutters, which was also consistent with experimental results. However, the advantages of polished cutters in thermal stability and impact fatigue resistance were not distinguished in the field trials. This work elucidated the beneficial effect of polishing in enhancing the drilling efficiency of PDC cutters and, more meaningfully, without sacrificing the mechanical properties of PDC cutters, which provided solid evidence to convince bit manufacturers and drilling engineers for the broader adoption of polished cutters.
Co-transient expression of PSA and PAP-Fc fusion proteins as prostate cancer vaccine candidates in plant and immune responses in mice
Authors: Oh Soyeon , Kim Kibum , Kang Yang Joo , Hwang Hyunjoo , Kim Yerin , Hinterdorfer Peter , Kim Mi Kyung , Ko Kinarm , lee Young Koung , Kim Do-Sun , Myung Soon Chul , Ko Kisung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) have been considered as immunotherapeutic antigens for prostate cancer. The use of a single antigenic agent is unlikely to be effective in eliciting immunotherapeutic responses due to the heterogeneous and multifocal nature of prostate cancer. Thus, multiple antigens have been combined to enhance their anti-cancer effects. In the current study, PSA and PAP were fused to the crystallizable region (Fc region) of immunoglobulin G1 and tagged with KDEL, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal motif, to generate PSA-FcK and PAP-FcK, respectively, and were transiently co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Western blot analysis confirmed the co-expression of PSA-FcK and PAP-FcK (PSA-FcK+PAP-FcK) with a 1:3 ratio in the co-infiltrated plants. PSA-FcK, PAP-FcK, and PSA-FcK+PAP-FcK proteins were successfully purified from N. benthamiana by protein A affinity chromatography. ELISA showed that anti-PAP and anti-PSA antibodies successfully detected PAP-FcK and PSA-FcK, respectively, and both detected PSA-FcK+PAP-FcK. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis confirmed the binding affinity of the plant-derived Fc fusion proteins to FcγRI/CD64. Furthermore, we also confirmed that mice injected with PSA-FcK+PAP-FcK produced both PSA and PAP-specific IgGs, demonstrating their immunogenicity. This study suggested that the transient plant expression system can be applied to produce the dual-antigen Fc fusion protein (PSA-FcK+PAP-FcK) for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Design elements of simulation-based assessment for clinical reasoning in nursing students: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Chai Li Sze , Yusuf Azlina , Yusoff Muhamad Saiful Bahri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Simulation-based assessments offer a promising alternative to workplace-based assessments in evaluating clinical reasoning skills. However, in developing a simulation-based assessment model for assessing clinical reasoning among Malaysian nursing students, there is a lack of clear guidance and diverse viewpoints regarding the design of the assessment plan. This scoping review aims to identify effective design elements of simulation-based assessments for clinical reasoning in nursing students worldwide. The review seeks to explore how simulation-based assessments can accurately evaluate clinical reasoning in nursing students, provide formative and summative feedback, and identify effective elements that can be applied in the Malaysian context.
Methods: The scoping review process recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) will be utilized. Online databases such as EBSCO Host (CINAHL and MEDLINE), PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar will be searched for relevant literature using keywords pertaining to clinical reasoning, nursing students, and simulation-based assessment. The search will include literature published since 2002, and only English-language literature will be included in the search. EndNote software will be employed to screen the titles, abstracts, and full-text documents. A pilot study will be conducted to test the screening and document selection process, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the data extraction tool. Three reviewers will be responsible for source selection and data extraction. In addition to the JBI guidelines, PAGER framework will be used to analyse the data in this review.
Discussion: The objective of this review is to improve the comprehension of the diverse practices utilised worldwide for creating simulation-based assessments for clinical reasoning in nursing students. Elements of design that are relevant to the Malaysian context will inform the development of an assessment model that can be implemented for Malaysian nursing students.
Scoping review registration: Prospective registration of the protocol has been carried out on the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/SK9J3).
Can medical education electives promote teaching and research interests among medical students?
Authors: Arja Sateesh Babu , Arja Sireesha Bala , Ponnusamy Kumar , Kottahveetil Praveen , Paramban Simi , Laungani Yoshita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Although all residents routinely teach medical students, not all residents are involved in teaching or trained in teaching during undergraduate medical school, as accreditation bodies do not mandate the promotion of teaching skills to undergraduate medical students. With relatively inadequate formal training and residents' intrinsic time constraints, tactically incorporating formal medical education elective experiences in medical school curricula is understandable. This study explores if medical education electives at Avalon University School of Medicine (AUSOM) can enhance medical students' interest in teaching and research.
Methods
The medical education elective at AUSOM was developed to give interested medical students an elective experience. The course modules include accreditation/regulation, curriculum development, learning theories, assessments, and research methodology. Students can choose any one of the modules. We offered the medical education elective to twenty-five students in the year 2021. All of them gave feedback at the end of the elective. The data was analyzed qualitatively through framework analysis, which includes familiarization, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing, and defining and naming themes.
Results
Different themes emerged, enhancing the interest in academic medicine, understanding research methodologies, supporting learners, and awareness of learning theories.
Conclusions
Doing medical education electives at AUSOM enhanced students' interest in teaching, and students reported that they could understand research methodologies, especially those related to medical education. Medical students should have opportunities for electives in medical education, and more research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of medical education electives across medical schools.
The role of exposure to nature in perceived stress by veterinary students.
Authors: Cruz-Martinez Luis , Hervé-Claude Luis Pablo , Gallagher Christa Ann , Dzikiti Loveness , Little William Brady 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Veterinary training is intense and represents a challenging time for students. Sadly, veterinary students are increasingly being diagnosis with a variety of concerning mental health issues including high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, often resulting in poor academic performance. Because of the disproportionately high risk of mental health problems in the veterinary field, it is important that students learn, understand, and utilize simple and effective techniques to cope with stress, and demands of the profession. Spending time in natural environments such as outdoor parks, green spaces, and urban forests is an effective strategy for improving mental health. In this study, a nature-based intervention was used to examine if stress levels in veterinary students would be affected by repeated, structured time in a natural setting. Participants in this study reported significantly lower perceived stress levels compared to a control group. Students overwhelmingly reported that they would recommend this stress reduction technique to their classmates, and they planned to continue using time in nature to improve their mindset and reduce stress.