bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantiomeric Resolution of Intramolecular Amine–Borane Complex with a Chiral Boron Center
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Hakamata Tomohiro , Nitta Naoya , Ito Fumiko 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The enantiomers of [2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl](pentafluoropropionyloxy)phenylborane were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC as a new type of intramolecular amine–borane complex with a chiral center at the tetrahedral boron atom. The X-ray structure, the barrier to racemization, and the chiroptical properties are reported.
Synthesis of Novel Nano-structured Clays: Unique Conformation of Pillar Complexes
Authors: Yamaguchi Norihito , Shimazu Shogo , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Uematsu Takayoshi 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Novel nano-structured clays were synthesized from cation exchange reaction by the intercalation of rhodium complexes with ligand spacers into clay. Expansion of interlayer space of the modified clays depends on the spacers. A unique conformation of pillar complexes was detected by cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR.
The First Luminescent Anionic Bis(ethynylphenanthroline)gold(I) Complex
Authors: Yamamoto Youhei , Shiotsuka Michito , Okuno Sigeru , Onaka Satoru 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
First anionic bis(ethynylphenanthroline)gold(I) complex and neutral diethynylphenanthroline–digold(I) complex have demonstrated an intense phosphorescence which is assignable to 3π–π*(C≡C) emission even at room temperature. It is appropriate to highlight the role of gold(I) coordination which enables the spin–orbit coupling and facilitates the observation of triplet emissions.
Selection of RNA-binding Peptides Containing an Arg-rich Motif
Authors: Shimada Naohiko , Iwase Reiko , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Murakami Akira 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
In order to create RNA-binding peptides, we designed peptides based on the sequence information of the RNA-binding proteins and selected them using affinity chromatography. The five peptides out of 42 peptides were efficiently selected. The selected peptides containing Asn and Arg could recognize the RNA structure with the binding pocket such as the internal loop or G•U wobble pair.
Direct Observation of the Li+–18-Crown-6 Complex Working as H2O Capture in Acetone–Water Mixture
Authors: Kikuchi Yoichi , Haramoto Kayoko , Mochizuki Shunsuke , Wakisaka Akihiro 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The complex formation of alkali metal ion (Li+ or Na+) with 18-crown-6 in an acetone–water mixed solvent was studied by means of the specially designed mass spectrometer. The Li+–18-crown-6 complex can hold one H2O in its cavity in the mixed solvent, whereas the Na+–18-crown-6 complex hardly holds an H2O.
Self-organized Nanocomposites of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles with Octa(3-aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane
Authors: Wang Xiaqin , Naka Kensuke , Itoh Hideaki , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Self-organized nanocomposites of functionalized gold nanoparticles with octa(3-aminopropyl)octasilsesquioxane were prepared via electrostatic interaction between carboxylate groups and ammonium cations under mild basic conditions. Subsequent chemical reaction between the reactive ion couples well-defined in the nanocomposites generated amide bonds between the two components.
Topographical Imaging of Soft Structures of Lipid Membranes at Water–solid Interface by Fluorescence Interferometry
Authors: Suzuki Kenji , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
We have developed a modified fluorescence interference contrast microscopy (FICM) that facilitates height measurement of soft structures of lipid membranes in nm-scale. The resolution of the method was examined by measuring depth of micropits on glass substrates covered with bilayer lipid membranes, and then thickness of giant membrane lobes was measured as a practical example of soft structures.
Lattice Deformation of Strain-induced Crystallites in Carbon-filled Natural Rubber
Authors: Poompradub Sirilux , Tosaka Masatoshi , Kohjiya Shinzo , Ikeda Yuko , Toki Shigeyuki , Sics Igors , Hsiao Benjamin S 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
By using a powerful synchrotron X-ray radiation, lattice deformation of strain-induced crystallites in carbon-black-filled natural rubber with nominal stress was clarified. The degree of deformation of the unit cell became smaller by filling with carbon black. This result implies that as some local stress was transferred to carbon black, relatively less stress was apportioned to strain-induced crystallites.
Electroless Formation of Pressure Sensitive Thin Films of Platinum Porphyrin Using Surfactants with an Azobenzene Group
Authors: Ito Yoshitaka , Mitsuo Kazunori , Asai Keisuke , Okura Ichiro , Saji Tetsuo 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Pressure sensitive thin films of platinum porphyrin with a polymer binder are prepared by the micelle disruption method using redox-active surfactants with an azobenzene group. Much thinner films can be prepared by this method than conventional methods, which provide a quick time response to pressure changes. Furthermore, the thin films prepared by this method show a good linearity in the Stern–Volmer plot and a high sensitivity to pressure.
Synthesis of Graft Copolymer from Polysilsesquioxane Initiated by Photoiniferter
Authors: Moriya Osamu , Yamamoto Shin-ichi , Kumon Takeo , Kageyama Toshifumi , Kimura Atsuko , Sugizaki Toshio 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
From the polysilsesquioxane having phenyl groups and diethyldithiocarbamate groups served as the photoiniferters, the graft derivative (4) was obtained by the polymerization with N,N-dimethylacrylamide under UV irradiation without gelation. The effects of the grafting on physical properties were shown in the measurements of thermal stability and contact angle of 4.
Intermolecular Communication on Lipid Bilayer Membrane. Control of Enzymatic Activity Triggered by a Lipid Signal
Authors: Tian Wen-Jie , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Ikeda Atsushi , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Fan Sheng-Di 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Functionalized lipid membrane, on which enzymatic activity was switched by a lipid signal, was constructed by self-assembling of the following components in aqueous media; a cationic peptide lipid as a bilayer-forming matrix, dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine as a lipid signal, lactate dehydrogenase as a membrane-binding effector, and Cu2+ ion as a mediator between the signal and the effector. Upon addition of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate as a signal activator, specific binding of the activator to the lipid signal induced activation of the enzyme.
A Novel 3-D Network of Fe(II) Glutarate: 2-D Honeycomb-type Edge-shared FeO6 Layers and Isolated Interlayer FeO6 Octahedra
Authors: Kim YooJin , Park YunJu , Jung Duk-Young , Oh Sangjun , Kim Dae Sung , Sur Jung Chul 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The 3-D structure of Fe(II) glutarate is built up from 2-D honeycomb layers of 12-membered FeO6 polyhedra and pillar-like interlayer FeO6 interconnected by Fe–O–C–O–Fe bridging modes, presenting ferrimagnetic coupling below 5 K.
Curdlan and Schizophyllan (β-1,3-Glucans) can Entrap Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes in Their Helical Superstructure
Authors: Numata Munenori , Asai Masayoshi , Kaneko Kenji , Hasegawa Teruaki , Fujita Norifumi , Kitada Yumiko , Sakurai Kazuo , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
We have found that s-SPG and curdlan are capable of wrapping SWNTs and the “periodical” helical structure is created, reflecting the helical nature of the SPG main-chain, on the SWNTs surface. The novel SWNTs/β-1,3-glucan composites were characterized by TEM and AFM, which consistently support the view that these β-1,3-glucans wrap SWNTs, creating a helical higher-order structure.
Synthesis of Novel Luminescent Substrates and Their Incorporation into a Protein Only at a Terminal Site via a Transglutaminase-catalyzed Enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Taki Masumi , Taira Kazunari 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide chelator and pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes were synthesized and conjugated only to a terminal site of a protein through mild enzymatic reaction.
New Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives by Reactions of 2-(2-Methoxyethenyl)benzonitriles with Organolithiums and Lithium Dialkylamides
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Shiokawa Taiyo , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of 1-alkyl(or aryl)isoquinoline and isoquinolin-1-amine derivatives based on intramolecular cyclization of 2-(2-methoxyethenyl)benzonitriles initiated by the addition of alkyl(or aryl)lithiums and lithium dialkylamides to the nitrile carbons, respectively, is described.
Synthesis of SF2809-V, Chymase Inhibitor, and Its Analogs by Three Component Reaction: Model Study for High Throughput Synthesis of a Chymase Inhibitor Library
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuo , Harimaya Kenzo 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
SF2809-V, chymase inhibitor, was synthesized by a three component reaction and its sixteen analogs were also synthesized to establish a method for preparation of a chymase inhibitor library.
Cytoplasmic Molecular Delivery by Hematoporphyrin Derivative-based Photodynamic Treatment Using High-intensity Pulsed Laser Irradiation
Authors: Miyamoto Yuuichi , Suzuki Yoshiaki , Meguro Takashi , Iwaki Masaya 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Photosensitized HeLa cells receiving high-intensity pulsed laser irradiation exhibited pores on the membrane surface. We attempted to deliver FITC-labeled dextran (71.6 kDa) into the cell cytoplasm. The ratio of FITC-positive cells in photodynamic-treated HeLa cells was significantly higher than that of non-treated HeLa cells, with no loss in cell viability.
Photorefractivity of Mixtures of a Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal and Photoconductive Polymers
Authors: Nakazawa Yukihito , Sasaki Takeo 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
The photorefractive properties of mixtures of a ferroelectric liquid crystal and photoconductive polymers were investigated by two-beam coupling experiments. A photorefractive effect based on reorientation of spontaneous polarization was induced in these mixtures. Asymmetric energy exchange was observed in the Bragg diffraction condition and gain coefficients of 10–15 cm−1 were obtained. It was found that the internal electric field was efficiently formed in polymer/FLC mixtures.
Large Scale Fabrication of Hollow Palladium Nanospheres by Template-free Approach
Authors: Zhang Xuanjun , Zhao Qingrui , Tian Yupeng , Xie Yi 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
In large-scale and high yields hollow palladium nanospheres with different scales were fabricated by template-free approach in one step at room temperature. The hollow nanospheres were found to form from the aggregation of small palladium nanoparticles.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of Green-photoluminescent Zinc Oxide by Microwave-assisted Carbothermal Reduction
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsushi , Wada Yuji , Miyamoto Hiromitsu , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
We succeeded in preparing green-photoluminescent zinc oxide (ZnO) by microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction in air. This method enables us to control the maximum green-PL intensity by changing the percentage of carbon reacted under microwave irradiation for only 2 min at 650 W.
Baeyer–Villiger Oxidations in Ionic Liquids. A Facile Conversion of Ketones to Esters and Lactones
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V S , Basak A K , Narsaiah A V 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
A variety of cyclic and acyclic ketones underwent readily oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim]BF4 to afford esters/lactones with high selectivity, ease of product separation and in excellent chemical yields. The reaction proceeded smoothly in ionic liquid without the need of any additional acid or base catalyst. The ketones show enhanced reactivity in ionic liquids thereby reducing reaction times and improving the yields significantly.
Highly Isospecific Polymerization of Propylene with Bis(phenoxy-imine) Zr and Hf Complexes Using iBu3Al/Ph3CB(C6F5)4 as a Cocatalyst
Authors: Prasad Aitha Vishwa , Makio Haruyuki , Saito Junji , Onda Mitsuhiko , Fujita Terunori 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Highly isospecific propylene polymerization was achieved by bis(phenoxy-imine) Zr and Hf complexes combined with iBu3Al/Ph3CB(C6F5)4. Microstructural analyses of the isotactic polymers suggested that the polymerization probably proceeds via a site-control mechanism with a 1,2-insertion of propylene. Among the complexes examined, Hf complex 2 produced the highest tacticity polypropylene ([mmmm] 96.8%, Tm 165.1 °C) that is comparable to that made by the best heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.
Direct Alkylation and Phenylation of 3,8-Dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Anzai Kazushige , Fukumoto Hiroki , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: January 2004

Abstract
Reactions of alkyl and phenyl Grignard reagents with 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline led to alkylation and phenylation at the 2-position of 1,10-phenanthroline. The prepared 2-alkyl-1,10-phenanthroline forms a 1:1 complex with Cu(II) and serves as a starting material for poly(2-alkyl-1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl).
How well do members of the public deal with a distributive justice problem in health care?
Authors: Wilmot Stephen , Ratcliffe Julie , Allen Clare 
Published: January 2004

Objectives: There is some debate about the appropriateness of involving the general public in decisions concerning the prioritising and rationing of health care resources. Doubt has been expressed about the public's ability to deal with these issues in a fair and rational way without taking refuge in ready-made official ideologies. This study considers the quality of discussion achieved by members of the public on this issue in terms of their ability to recognise the validity of conflicting arguments, to cope with the shifting positions created by these conflicts, and to avoid opting for simplistic ready-made solutions. It also records the participants' own perceptions of the quality of their discussion. Methods: Four focus groups were recruited through community organisations in a suburban area of Derby, and were asked to evaluate criteria for the rationing of donor livers for transplantation, relating this to specific patient profiles. Discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative methods. Results: Three groups showed an ability to work with shifting and conflicting arguments on most issues they discussed, but two of these groups showed a tendency to adopt simplistic solutions on one specific issue. The fourth group adopted a clear-cut solution to the main issues early on, and adhered to it for the rest of the discussion. Conclusion: The overall performance of the groups suggests that rational and open public discussion can be achieved, but that participants may need support in avoiding premature adoption of simplistic solutions.
An holistic economic evaluation of an Aboriginal community-controlled midwifery programme in Western Sydney
Authors: Jan Stephen , Conaty Stephen , Hecker Rosalind , Bartlett Mark , Delaney Sheilah , Capon Tony 
Published: January 2004

Objectives: To conduct an holistic economic evaluation of an Aboriginal community (Daruk)-controlled midwifery service in Western Sydney. Methods: The study estimated direct programme costs and downstream savings to the health sector. Measures of antenatal attendance and perinatal outcome were compared between Aboriginal women with and without experiences of the antenatal programme through examination of antenatal clinic records and the New South Wales Midwives Data Collection for the period 1991–1996. Qualitative outcomes were analysed through interviews and focus groups. Results: The net cost to the health sector was estimated to be $A1200 per client. Compared with Aboriginal women who received antenatal care in two conventional settings, there were no statistically significant differences in birthweight and perinatal survival. Gestational age at first visit was lower (17.2 vs 21.2 and 19.9 weeks), mean number of antenatal visits was higher (10.5 vs 5.5 and 9.5) and attendance for routine antenatal tests was better (94% vs 71% and 84%). Aboriginal clients were strongly positive about their experience of the Daruk service in terms of relationship and trust, accessibility, flexibility, provision of clear and appropriate information, continuity of care, empowerment and family-centred care. Conclusions: Net per client costs to the health service were modest. Quantitative evidence of improved antenatal outcomes was limited, but qualitative evaluation suggested the service was strongly valued. The outcomes examined in this study were broader than those used in conventional forms of economic evaluation and this enabled identification and analysis of more diverse sources of value from this programme.
Patients' consent preferences regarding the use of their health information for research purposes: a qualitative study
Authors: Nair Kalpana , Willison Donald , Holbrook Anne , Keshavjee Karim 
Published: January 2004

Objective: To explore the consent preferences of patients whose health data are currently being used for research purposes. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 patients whose primary physicians were taking part in a study that utilized de-identified individual-level health information from their electronic medical record. All physicians practised in southwestern Ontario. All interviews were taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a constant comparative method. All transcripts and debriefing notes were read and reread to elicit general themes. Results: Three main themes emerged from the data: patients recognized the need to balance their consent preferences with time pressures in the clinical encounter when deciding the nature of consent for a study; patients generally regarded the seeking of consent as being an issue of respect for them as individuals; and patients were also weighing their perceived benefits and concerns related to the research. For these patients, seeking their consent was an important step in research participation. For some patients, the sponsor and the research topic were factors that would influence their decision to provide consent. Conclusion: Patients want their consent to be sought when their data are used for research purposes. This will involve explicitly informing patients that a study is taking place, providing written consent and offering regular updates about the study.
Identification of criteria for the prioritisation of patients for elective general surgery
Authors: MacCormick Andrew , Macmillan Alexandra , Parry Bryan 
Published: January 2004

Objective: A single visual analogue scale is used in New Zealand to prioritise patients for elective general surgery. Although it reflects clinical judgement, it has been criticised for its lack of transparency. We wished to elicit generic criteria used by surgeons for prioritisation of patients for elective general surgery in order to improve the transparency of the visual analogue scale. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 15 general surgeons. Using the repertory grid method, surgeons were asked to explain their rationale for distinguishing between patients they considered a high, medium or low priority for treatment. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed for themes. The accuracy of the thematic analysis was checked using a five-point Likert scale to assess surgeons' agreement with the identified themes. Further testing to check for face, content and construct validity was undertaken with a purposive sample of six surgeons prioritising patient vignettes. Results: Eight major themes were deduced: diagnosis; treatment; patient characteristics; symptomatology and sequelae to date; future complications; quality of life; psychological/emotional impact; and socio-political/logistic factors. The utilisation of these themes by surgeons was confirmed. Tests of collinearity indicated good content validity. Factor analysis confirmed the hypothesis of one underlying construct, namely priority. Conclusion: Seven of the themes became the basis for a new clinical priority assessment criteria tool using visual analogue scales to determine priority of patients for elective general surgery. Further testing of reliability and validity is needed.
Equity of use of inpatient services by the two communities in Northern Ireland
Authors: Jamison Jim , O'Reilly Dermot , Carr-Hill Roy , Stevenson Mike 
Published: January 2004

Objective: There is concern about whether public services in Northern Ireland are equitably targeted across the religious divide. This study investigates whether use of acute hospital inpatient services differs by religious denomination, after adjusting for supply and for identified demographic, morbidity and socio-economic determinants of need for such services. Methods: Hospital utilisation at small area level was modelled against a wide range of potential health and socioeconomic factors. Spatial interactive modelling was used to estimate the effect of supply of hospital beds and other facilities on hospital utilisation. Two-stage weighted least-squares regression was used to model utilisation against need and supply. Results: There was a clear positive relationship between the proportion of Roman Catholics in a ward and both need for and utilisation of inpatient services. The higher levels of relative utilisation in wards with a greater proportion of Catholics persisted after controlling for needs but not when supply variables were also entered in the regression equation. The surviving needs drivers were: uptake levels of 'income maintenance' benefits, all-ages standardised mortality ratio, low birth weight and elderly people living alone. Most of these indicators of need are positively correlated with proportion of Catholics. Conclusions: When both need and supply factors are taken into account, there appears to be no significant effect of religion on inpatient hospital use in Northern Ireland. Efforts to ensure socio-economic equity between the two communities should focus on ensuring that hospital rationalisation does not lead to disadvantage and on reducing socio-economic differentials between the Catholic and Protestant communities.
Roughly right or precisely wrong? Systematic review of quality-of-life weights elicited with the time trade-off method
Authors: Arnesen Trude , Trommald Mari 
Published: January 2004

Objective: Cost-utility analysis is gaining importance as a tool for setting priorities in health care. The approach requires quality-of-life weights on a scale from 0.00 (corresponding to death) to 1.00 (corresponding to perfect health). Different methods and perspectives of the evaluators tend to give different results. Time trade-off (TTO) is the most commonly used method to elicit quality-of-life weights for quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). How reliable are the results of this method, when limited to one specific perspective, as input for cost-utility analysis? Method: Systematic literature review of empirical studies in which the TTO is elicited by the respondent on their own behalf. Results: In 56 papers, quality-of-life weights for 102 diagnostic groups were given. Ranking of the diagnostic groups according to their quality-of-life weights had no apparent relation to severity. One specific diagnostic group was assigned quality-of-life weights ranging from 0.39 to 0.84. Altogether, 57% of respondents did not trade any life-time at all in exchange for health improvements. The distributions studied were skewed towards 1.00 and were bimodal without a central tendency. The correlation between the TTO and related methods was generally weak. Possible explanations for the poor empirical properties of the TTO are inappropriate use of the method, lack of representative samples, or that the TTO does not measure what it claims to measure. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, the TTO elicited from the patient perspective, as currently practised, should not be used as an input for QALYs or for comparisons of diagnostic groups.