bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution according to histologic type and outcome by gender and age group in Taiwanese patients with lung carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Yu , Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Yu Chong‐Jen , Kuo Sow‐Hsong , Yang Pan‐Chyr 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe results from previous studies suggested that the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with lung carcinoma vary between gender and age groups. The objective of the current study was to assess the trend in the evolution of the histologic types in Taiwan and to compare the outcomes of patients with lung carcinoma between different gender and age groups.METHODSPatients with primary lung carcinoma were identified through the cancer registry system. Clinical records were reviewed and analyzed for age, gender, disease stage, histology, treatment modalities, and survival. A multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model was applied for gender, age (by decade), histologic type, disease stage, and treatment modality.RESULTSBetween 1991–1999, 2714 patients with histologically or cytologically proven lung carcinoma were included. Adenocarcinoma was the major cell type of lung carcinoma (52.5%), with a significant trend toward an increase in adenocarcinoma during the study period. A significantly high percentage of adenocarcinoma was demonstrated in female patients (73.5%), who also had better survival compared with male patients (P = 0.002), especially in the group age 50–69 years. Patients age < 40 years also had a poor prognosis, which was worse compared with the prognosis for patients age 40–59 years. patients who had adenocarcinoma had a better survival rate compared with patients who had other histologic types (relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.87).CONCLUSIONSAdenocarcinoma was predominant in female patients and emerged as a greater problem than other histologic types in Taiwan, potentially raising the importance of studies regarding the benefit of population diversity in new antitumor therapies, such as gefitinib. Female patients with lung carcinoma had a better prognosis than male patients in the group age 50–69 years, warranting further studies on potential prognostic factors associated with middle age, such as hormone status. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
CVD with Tri‐nbutylphosphine Silver(I) Complexes: Mass Spectrometric Investigations and Depositions
Authors: Haase T. , Kohse‐Höinghaus K. , Bahlawane N. , Djiele P. , Jakob A. , Lang H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTri‐nbutylphosphine silver(I) complexes were synthesized and characterized with respect to their suitability for the CVD of silver thin films. The volatility and thermal stability of these complexes were investigated using temperature‐programmed and in‐situ mass spectrometry (MS). Complexes with smaller carboxylate ligands showed superior long‐term stability and had the advantage of evaporation without decomposition. Careful examination of the fragments detected during evaporation and in a CVD reactor allowed us to propose the gas‐phase decomposition mechanisms of some potentially suitable silver precursors. Deposition experiments in a cold‐wall CVD reactor using selected precursors resulted in smooth and conductive silver coatings.
Growth Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Arrays Synthesized by ICP‐CVD using Anodic Aluminum Oxide on Silicon as a Nanotemplate
Authors: Yen J.‐H. , Leu I.‐C. , Wu M.‐T. , Lin C.‐C. , Hon M.‐H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with different packing density were synthesized by inductively coupled plasma (ICP‐)CVD using anodic alumina oxide (AAO) on Si as a nanotemplate. Pre‐electrodeposited Ni nanowires and CH4 were used as catalyst and reaction gas, respectively. The parameters determining the growth density of CNT arrays, such as AAO pore length, pore diameter, growth time, DC bias, and pretreatment conditions were investigated. It was found that the transport of ion species flux in the AAO channel and the catalytic activity of Ni nanowires determined the growth behavior of CNTs. The field‐emission measurement shows that CNT arrays with a medium density of 5 × 108 CNTs per cm2 grown on the AAO/Si substrate have both the lowest threshold field of 1.5 V μm–1 and the highest current density of 4 mA cm–2. Either a decrease or an increase of the CNT density results in inferior emission properties.
Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidation of Veratryl Alcohol with Co(salen) and Oxygen in Aqueous Media: An in‐situ Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Kervinen Kaisa , Korpi Heikki , Gerbrand Mesu J. , Soulimani Fouad , Repo Timo , Rieger Bernhard , Leskelä Markku , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMany transition‐metal complexes can perform catalytic oxidations, but their corresponding reaction pathways are still not clear. In this study, the mechanism of Co(salen)‐catalyzed [salen = N,N'‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine] oxidization of veratryl alcohol (3,4‐dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) by dioxygen in alkaline aqueous solution was elucidated with in‐situ ATR‐IR, Raman and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The mechanism of this reaction seems to start by formation of a bis‐μ‐hydroxo[(Co(salen)]2 species, which explains the dramatic effect of pH on the reaction rate. Substrate coordination to this species leads to formation of a cobalt‐bound veratryl alkoxo intermediate, to which oxygen molecule can bind. Formation of a μ‐peroxo bridge between two such Co(salen) substrate units is observed in the UV/Vis spectra. Transfer of a hydrogen atom from the substrate to the peroxo bridge results in detachment of the product aldehyde and regeneration of the initial bis‐μ‐hydroxo[(Co(salen)]2 species. In the overall cycle two substrate molecules are oxidized to aldehyde and molecular oxygen is reduced to water. The rate‐limiting step is the detachment of the product molecule, which is aided by the methoxy substituents in the aromatic ring of the benzylic alcohol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A New Diastereoselective Synthetic Approach to the Enantiopure Peptidomimetic Scaffold 2‐Oxo‐1‐azabicyclo[4.4.0]decane
Authors: Truchot Cyrille , Wang Qian , Sasaki N. André 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of unsubstituted and C‐7‐substituted azabicyclo[4.4.0]decane dipeptides (23, 30a, and 30b) that can serve as dipeptide mimetics has been developed. The key step of this new method involves the coupling reaction of the oxazolidine aldehyde 5 and the sulfone 7, both of which are derived from L‐glutamic acid. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Lewis Acid Promoted Asymmetric Umpolung Reaction with ChiralN‐Sulfinyl Imines as the Electrophiles
Authors: Xu Xin , Liu Jun‐ying , Chen Dian‐jun , Timmons Cody , Li Guigen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAn new asymmetric umpolung reaction has been developed by reacting N‐sulfinyl imines with 2‐lithio‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dithiane. The reaction was conducted at between –20 and–25 °C in THF in the presence of Et2AlCl as the Lewis acid promoter. Excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >95 % de) and chemical yields (64–95 %) have been achieved for nine substrates with all individual isomers separated and characterized. The absolute structure of the chiral products has been unambiguously determined by synthetic conversions to a known sample. 2‐Lithio‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dithiane was found to be much less reactive than its 2‐methyl counterpart, which was reported very recently. All individual isomers have been readily separated by column chromatography. The absolute structure of the chiral products has been unambiguously determined by conversion into a known compound. This method provides an easy access to enantiomerically pure α‐amino ketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Lanthanide(III) Tosylates as New Acylation Catalysts
Authors: Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Deleersnyder Karen , Binnemans Koen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLanthanide(III) complexes of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (Ln(TOS)3)were prepared, characterized, and examined as catalystsfor the acetylation of various alcohols in acetic acid solution. Examination of a series of Ln(TOS)3 catalysts in the acetylation of 2‐phenylethanol revealed a clear correlation between the ionic radius of the lanthanide(III) ion and the yield of the reaction, with the heavier lanthanides being more effective. In the presence of 5 mol‐% of Yb(TOS)3, a quantitative conversion of phenethyl alcohol to phenethyl acetate was achieved within 18 hours at 50 °C. Faster reaction was obtained under reflux conditions, in which case acetylation was complete within 30 minutes and in the presence of only 2 mol‐% of the Yb(TOS)3 catalyst. The Yb(TOS)3 catalyst was effective for acetylation of a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. The Yb(TOS)3 catalyst was also effective for acylation of phenethyl alcohol with propionic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. The catalysts could be easily recovered and reused for further acetylation, with no apparent change in selectivity or efficiency. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Heparin‐Like Hexasaccharide with the Structural Motifs for Binding to FGF and FGFR
Authors: de Paz José Luis , Martín‐Lomas Manuel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA heparin‐like hexasaccharide structure (2) containing the two trisaccharide sequences that interact with acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐1) and with its receptor (FGFR) has been designed on the basis of crystallographic data. This hexasaccharide has been effectively synthesized by a completely stereoselective modular approach and biologically evaluated by determination of its capacity to stimulate FGF‐1‐induced mitogenic activity. It was found that this molecule did not show an appreciable FGF‐1 activating effect. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Diels–Alder Strategy for the Building of Imidazo[4,5‐g]quinoline‐4,9‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Alvarez Frédéric , Taleb Abbas , Gentili Jacques , Nebois Pascal , Terreux Raphaël , Domard Monique , Thozet Alain , Merle Daphné , Fillion Houda , Walchshofer Nadia 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBenzimidazole‐4,7‐diones 3a and 3b were synthesized and submitted to hetero Diels–Alder reactions with azadienes 4 and 5 to afford imidazo[4,5‐g]quinoline‐4,9‐diones 6–9. The structure of the latter was assigned by X‐ray diffraction, 1H NMR NOE DIFF experiments or by a molecular dynamics study. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Coupling–Isomerization–Enamine Addition–Cyclocondensation Sequences:A Multicomponent Approach to Substituted and Annelated Pyridines
Authors: Dediu Oana G. , Yehia Nasser A. M. , Oeser Thomas , Polborn Kurt , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAnnelated (dihydropyridines, tetrahydroquinolines, naphthyridines) and substituted pyridines can be synthesized in moderate to good yields in a consecutive one‐pot, four‐component process by a coupling–isomerization–enamine addition–cyclocondensation sequence of an electron poor (hetero)aryl halide, a terminal propargyl alcohol, an enamine, and ammonium chloride. After the coupling–isomerization sequence a Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand of the intermediate chalcone and the enamine furnishes a cycloadduct 6 that was unambiguously characterized by X‐ray structure analysis as well as the 1,5‐diketones 4b and 4g — the corresponding hydrolysis products — and the pyridine derivatives 11e (dihydropyridine), 11i (tetrahydroquinoline), 11o (naphthyridine), and 14b and 14c (ethyl nicotinoates). Additionally, quantum chemical calculations support the stepwise nature of the enamine cycloaddition. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
1,3‐Di(2‐pyrrolyl)azulene: An Efficient Luminescent Probe for Fluoride
Authors: Salman Husein , Abraham Yael , Tal Shay , Meltzman Shai , Kapon Moshe , Tessler Nir , Speiser Shammai , Eichen Yoav 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPhoto‐induced Energy Transfer (PET) based chemosensing is a very elegant way for reporting the presence of an analyte in solution. This method was successfully applied to the detection of many cationic species in solutions and already appears in interesting commercial applications. In this paper we report on the preparation and host–guest chemistry of 1,3‐di(2‐pyrrolyl)azulene (5), a new azulene‐based selective PET‐like chemosensor that turns fluorescent upon binding the fluoride anion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Organocatalytic Alkynylation of Aldehydes and Ketones under Phase‐Transfer Catalytic Conditions
Authors: Weil Torsten , Schreiner Peter R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe developed alkynylations of various aldehydes and ketones under practical phase‐transfer conditions at room temperature. The straightforward methodology combines one‐pot synthesis and simple workup with good to excellent yields for propargylic alcohols derived from aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. Even aromatic aldehydes and ketones could be transformed to the corresponding propargylic alcohols in somewhat lower yields. The yield depending on the amount of PT catalyst and NaOH concentration was also determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Convenient Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Alcohols from Both Enolizable and Non‐Enolizable Carbonyl Compounds with Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone
Authors: Surya Prakash G. K. , Hu Jinbo , Wang Ying , Olah George A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA general and efficient nucleophilic difluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds (both enolizable and non‐enolizable aldehydes and ketones) has been achieved by using a nucleophilic (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation‐reductive desulfonylation strategy. Difluoromethyl phenyl sulfone acts as a difluoromethyl anion (“CF2H–”) equivalent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Absolute Stereochemical Assignment and Fluorescence Tuning of the Small Molecule Tool, (–)‐Blebbistatin
Authors: Lucas‐Lopez Cristina , Patterson Stephen , Blum Till , Straight Aaron F. , Toth Judit , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Mitchison Timothy J. , Sellers James R. , Westwood Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract(–)‐Blebbistatin (1), a recently discovered small molecule inhibitor of the ATPase activity of non‐muscle myosin II has been prepared from methyl 5‐methylanthranilate (6) in three steps. This flexible synthetic route has also been used to prepare a nitro group‐containing analogue12that has modified fluorescence properties and improved stability under microscope illumination. The key step in the synthesis of1and its analogues was the asymmetric hydroxylation of the quinolone intermediate3using the Davis oxaziridine methodology. The absolute stereochemistry of (–)‐blebbistatin (1) was shown to beSby X‐ray crystal structure analysis of a heavy atom (bromine) containing analogue11, which was subsequently reduced and shown to be identical to1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cover Picture: Quantitative Transduction of Excited‐State Energy in Fluorophore‐Heterofullerene Conjugates (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 9/2005)
Authors: Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas , Atalick Stefan , Guldi Dirk 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows a typical example of a fluorophore‐heterofullerene conjugate which represents a molecular energy transducer. The heterofullerene moiety is the C59N cluster and the fluorophore is, in this case, phenanthrene. In a similar way other fluorophores such as fluorene and pyrene units can be attached to the heterofullerenes. In such architectures, conformations that allow for effective π‐π‐stacking interactions can easily be adopted. This leads to favourable electronic communication between the two subsystems. It was found that a common deactivation process of the photoexcited fluorophores takes place, namely, a quantitative energy transduction to the heterofullerene unit. Details are discussed in the article by A. Hirsch, D. Guldi et al. on p. 1741 ff.
Amplification of IGH/MYC fusion in clinically aggressive IGH/BCL2‐positive germinal center B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Martín‐Subero José Ignacio , Odero María Dolores , Hernandez Roberto , Cigudosa Juan Cruz , Agirre Xabier , Saez Borja , Sanz‐García Eduardo , Ardanaz María T. , Novo Francisco Javier , Gascoyne Randy D. , Calasanz María José , Siebert Reiner 
Published: April 2005

AbstractActivation of an oncogene via its juxtaposition to the IGH locus by a chromosomal translocation or, less frequently, by genomic amplification is considered a major mechanism of B‐cell lymphomagenesis. However, amplification of an IGH/oncogene fusion, coined a complicon, is a rare event in human cancers and has been associated with poor outcome and resistance to treatment. In this article are descriptions of two cases of germinal‐center‐derived B‐cell lymphomas with IGH/BCL2 fusion that additionally displayed amplification of an IGH/MYC fusion. As shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the first case contained a IGH/MYC complicon in double minutes, whereas the second case showed a BCL2/IGH/MYC complicon on a der(8)t(8;14)t(14;18). Additional molecular cytogenetic and mutation analyses revealed that the first case also contained a chromosomal translocation affecting the BCL6 oncogene and a biallelic inactivation of TP53. The second case harbored a duplication of REL and acquired a translocation affecting IGL and a biallelic inactivation of TP53 during progression. Complicons affecting Igh/Myc have been reported previously in lymphomas of mouse models simultaneously deficient in Tp53 and in genes of the nonhomologous end–joining DNA repair pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that IGH/MYC complicons have been reported in human lymphomas. Our findings imply that the two mechanisms resulting in MYC deregulation, that is, translocation and amplification, can occur simultaneously. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colorectal cancer and the CHEK2 1100delC mutation
Authors: de Jong Mirjam M. , Nolte Ilja M. , te Meerman Gerard J. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Mulder Marcel J. , van der Steege Gerrit , Bruinenberg Marcel , Schaapveld Michael , Niessen Renée C. , Berends Maran J. W. , Sijmons Rolf H. , Hofstra Robert M. W. , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Kleibeuker Jan H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe CHEK2 1100delC mutation was recently identified as a low‐penetrance breast cancer susceptibility allele. The mutation occurred more frequently in families with clustering of breast and colorectal cancers (CRCs) than in families with clustering of breast cancer only. Hence, the 1100delC mutation could also be a low‐penetrance CRC susceptibility allele. To test this hypothesis, we examined the mutation in 629 unselected CRC cases, 230 controls, and 105 selected CRCs diagnosed in patients before age 50. The mutation was observed in 1.6% of unselected patients and in 0.3% of controls (Not significant (NS)). After stratifying unselected patients according to defined genetic risk (on the basis of age at diagnosis and family history of colorectal and endometrial cancer), the highest frequency was observed in high‐risk patients (12.5%), followed by moderate‐risk patients (3.3%), and was lowest in low‐risk patients (1.0%, Ptrend 0.014). In selected patients, 1.6% carried the mutation (NS). Subgroup analyses for tumor localization, gender, and age at diagnosis did not reveal an association with the 1100delC genotype. In addition, a pooled analysis, combining data of one published study in unselected CRC cases and our study, also did not reveal an association. In conclusion, the frequency of the 1100delC genotype was neither significantly increased in unselected CRC patients nor in selected CRC patients diagnosed before age 50. However, after stratifying unselected CRC patients according to defined genetic risk, a significant trend of increasing frequency was observed. Together, the results are consistent with a low‐penetrance effect (OR 1.5–2.0) of the CHEK2 1100delC on CRC risk. Large case–control studies are required to clarify the exact role of the CHEK2 1100delC mutation in CRC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Major depression as a risk factor for early institutionalization of dementia patients living in the community
Authors: Dorenlot Pascale , Harboun Marc , Bige Vincent , Henrard Jean‐Claude , Ankri Joël 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveAlthough depression is known to be frequently associated with dementia, it is nonetheless under‐diagnosed and under‐treated among this patient population. Its effect on outcome for dementia patients is thought to be substantial, because depression appears to induce higher than normal rates of disability as well as supplementary cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of major depression on the institutionalization rate of community‐dwelling dementia patients.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingParis, France.ParticipantsThree‐hundred forty‐eight consecutive dementia outpatients of a geriatric clinic (mean age: 81 years, 69.8% women, 65.5% dementia of Alzheimer's type, mean baseline MMSE score: 20.5), followed between 1997 and 2002 (mean follow‐up: 20.5 months).ResultsTwenty‐five percent of the patients met the criteria of major depression at baseline, and only 30.3% of these received antidepressant medication. Major depression at baseline was independently associated with nursing home admission within one year of the baseline assessment. Antidepressant medication tended to protect against this outcome, but not to a statistically significant extent.ConclusionsMajor depression at baseline is an independent risk factor for early institutionalization of dementia sufferers. Early institutionalization is defined in this study as nursing home placement within a year of diagnosis with dementia at our specialized outpatient center. The study highlights the need for better management of depression among dementia outpatients. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the protective effect of antidepressant medication (and/or non‐pharmacological therapies) on the institutionalization rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does education moderate neuropsychological impairment in late‐life depression?
Authors: Bhalla Rishi K. , Butters Meryl A. , Zmuda Michelle D. , Seligman Karen , Mulsant Benoit H. , Pollock Bruce G. , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe increased resistance of better‐educated individuals to the cognitive effects of neuropathology has been conceptualized as reflecting brain reserve. This study examined whether educational level influences the degree of neuropsychological impairment associated with late‐life depression.MethodsThe neuropsychological performances of 115 older depressed patients and of 44 comparison subjects of similar age and education were compared as a function of educational level.ResultsWhile depressed patients performed worse than comparison subjects on all the measures, the severity of this impairment (with respect to comparison subjects) did not differ with the educational level of the patients.ConclusionsBrain reserve, as indexed by the patients' level of education, does not mitigate the cognitive decrements associated with late‐life depression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.