bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Pianist to Composer
Authors: Salem Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 begins with a cursory review of Boulez’s childhood circumstances starting in his hometown of Montbrison. Although brief, this overview highlights the limited primary sources and extant biographies on the composer, as well as how these resources have guided prior scholarship. Boulez’s own resistance to biographical treatments is also considered. The chapter includes relevant background information on Boulez’s training as a pianist and his educational transition to Saint-Étienne, Lyon, and Paris, as well as how differences between his experiences in southern and northern France may have influenced his musical development. Speculations are made regarding his social experiences during the occupation.
Conventional Titles, Unconventional Forms
Authors: Salem Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This four-part chapter cites Boulez’s earliest public compositions, including his Sonatine for flute and piano, his first two piano sonatas, and his first two cantatas. These compositions are connected to a second round of mentors and early writings, including René Char, André Schaeffner, Boris de Schloezer, André Souris, and Pierre Souvtchinsky. These figures and the trends they represent provoke considerations of Boulez’s connections to structuralism and surrealism as convenient but conflicting lenses through which to view his works. Building on the previous chapter, Boulez’s public voice as a composer, performer, and writer is situated among an increasingly diverse network of influences.
Other Theatrics
Authors: Salem Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins with a significant discussion of Boulez’s work in the theater and its impact on his compositional development. Boulez’s duties as music director of the Jean-Louis Barrault Madeleine Renault theatre company and the Domaine musical facilitated his first world travels, his interest in world music, and the beginnings of his lifelong commitment to music direction. The discussion then turns to Le Marteau sans maître. Marteau is well-documented in Boulez’s correspondence during his tours with the theatre company, and some aspects of the score are suggestive of his first attempts at incorporating the influence of non-Western instruments he heard while abroad. In addition, his use of a new compositional method in Marteau—his blocs sonores—was a major innovation that helped him move beyond his early struggles with integral serialism. The chapter closes with a short consideration of the Darmstadt summer music courses and their limited relevance for Boulez’s pre-1955 compositions.
Competing Trajectories
Authors: Salem Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 begins with an acknowledgement of how Boulez’s blocs sonores fostered a radical shift in his productivity and experimentalism during a period of increasing competition with other composers in the late 1950s. The chapter is divided into three parts dedicated to L’Orestie; Structures, Book 2; and the Third Piano Sonata, respectively. Each composition is introduced as a particular exploitation of blocs sonores that aligns with more or less rigid approaches to serialism. Sketches articulate important differences in Boulez’s use of serial techniques among the trio to clarify how each would come to represent competing experimental trajectories through the early 1960s.
Scottish Debates about Slavery and Race
Authors: Jorati Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores philosophical debates about slavery and race in eighteenth-century Scotland by focusing on eight particularly important authors: Gershom Carmichael, Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, Adam Ferguson, George Wallace, James Beattie, James Dunbar, and James Ramsay. The last four of these authors discuss transatlantic slavery in depth and provide innovative and compelling arguments against it. In contrast, the first four authors mention it only in passing but theorize about slavery in general—and in some cases about race—in notable ways. David Hume is important for an additional reason: he expresses deeply racist ideas that had a significant impact on the history of racism.
Francophone Debates about Slavery and Race
Authors: Jorati Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
France and its colonies were host to many philosophically important debates about slavery and race in the eighteenth century. This chapter focuses on a small number of authors: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, a few contributors to Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopedia, Raynal, Diderot, Pechméja, Condorcet, and Gouges. One thing that will become clear is that some French authors were far less radical in their opposition to transatlantic slavery than one might expect, given their reputation as freethinkers or as champions of liberty and equality. While many of them criticize slavery in a general or theoretical respect, some are either silent about transatlantic slavery or appear unconcerned by it. Of the authors examined in this chapter, only Diderot, Pechméja, and perhaps Condorcet express the type of staunch antislavery stance that one would expect.
Dutch and German Debates about Slavery and Race
Authors: Jorati Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines eighteenth-century debates about slavery and race in the Netherlands and Germany by focusing on one Dutch author and one German author, along with relevant context. The first author is Black Dutch-African philosopher Jacobus Elisa Johannes Capitein. He is important because in addition to defending the compatibility of slavery and Christianity, he provides an intriguing and original argument against natural slavery, or the doctrine that some human beings are destined for slavery on the basis of inferior natural capacities. The second author is White German philosopher Immanuel Kant. He is significant in part because he flirts with natural slavery in some texts and endorses paradigmatically racist claims. Kant says surprisingly little about transatlantic slavery, and much of what he says is ambiguous. While he theorizes about slavery and argues that most forms are illicit, he apparently did not view the transatlantic slave trade as an important moral issue.
Like a Tree Universally Spread
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book reconstructs the tantalizing tale of Sri Sabhapati Swami (ca. 1828–1923/4), today a little-known swami who was originally from Tamil Nadu in southern India, and historically contextualizes a fascinating type of yoga that Sabhapati claimed would lead to an experience of being “like a tree universally spread.” The practical method of having this experience, in technical terms called the samādhi or “composure” of Śivarājayoga or the “royal yoga for Shiva,” was published in English and multiple Indic languages and lavishly illustrated in diagrams on subtle and physical bodies. This book is the first book-length treatment on Sabhapati Swami, scholarly or otherwise, and uses critically edited sources printed in Tamil, Devanagari, and Bengali scripts to reveal the expansion of his literature across South Asia and globally, the vast majority of which has never before been considered in any scholarly work to date. The book shows how intertwined Sabhapati’s yoga is with historical Tamil Saiva and Siddha movements, including the mythos of the rishi Agastya, and also with hatha yoga and mantra-based ritual. It also takes into account his and his followers’ wrestling with the Victorian scientific worldview and their rationalization of Hindu philosophical discourses in the colonial period. Finally, the book demonstrates the extent to which Sabhapati’s teachings were integrated into esoteric religious movements such as the Theosophical Society, the Thelema of Aleister Crowley, and New Thought, and suggests that a reappraisal of scholarship on the roots of yoga in these movements is long overdue.
A Vast Forest of Printed Words
Authors: Cantú Keith Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a detailed analysis of Sabhapati’s printed literature, bibliographic records of which span translations into English, Hindustani, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, and Urdu. The chapter begins by considering various textual “stemmata” of Sabhapati’s work, the vernacular-language dimensions of which have never been previously considered by scholars. As a result, the chapter argues for the usefulness of a basic kind of text-critical method to better understand the various connections between Sabhapati’s literature and reception history. The three stemmata are then treated in depth, beginning with the Alpha Stemma of Sabhapati’s works in English with Sanskrit transliterations, the Beta Stemma of Sabhapati’s work in Hindustani, and the Gamma Stemma of his work for Tamil readers.
Aguda
Authors: Dynner Glenn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the Hasidic mobilization of formal Torah education was as much a political endeavor as a spiritual and intellectual one, several Hasidic leaders went so far as to become formal politicians and activists on behalf of Torah education, most prominently under the auspices of Aguda. Representatives of Aguda served as city councilmen, Kehillah presidents, senators, and Sejm deputies. So high was the party’s profile that Polish officials often considered Aguda to be synonymous with “Orthodoxy.” Aguda’s perceived loyalty to the regime, in contrast to most other Jewish parties, bore fruit during communal elections and helped preserve its educational institutions. Aguda’s influence was further enhanced by the Orthodox press, “Great Assemblies,” and affiliated worker and youth groups. As a result of that influence, the political party began to supplant the intercessor (shtadlan) of old as the Hasidic community’s main advocate.
New Data and New Insights
Authors: Stinson Russell 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter consists of ten case studies in the reception of Bach’s organ music over the past two hundred years. It explores how Bach, through his organ works, was given his rightful place in music history after being ignored for the fifty years after his death. A wide variety of books, articles, editions, transcriptions, and recordings (especially the magnificent compilation known as Bach 333) are taken into account. The dramatis personae include such historical figures as Albert Schweitzer and Cosima Wagner, and many of the leading organists, pianists, and conductors active today. The performance venues include some of the most famous churches and concert halls in the world.
Too Many Cooks in the Kitchen
Authors: Brock Clare R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 highlights important moments in the history of food and agriculture policy in the United States, then chronicles the slow breakdown of bipartisanship on US agricultural policy over the last two decades. It particularly focuses on the aftermath of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, followed by the dramatic 2013 attempt to write a secret farm bill. In doing so, the chapter illustrates how drastically the policymaking environment has changed over recent decades and addresses the need for updated theories of policymaking and interest group behavior under these evolving conditions. The chapter concludes with an overview of the subsequent chapters and a preview of the main argument contained in the book.
The (Not Quite) Business as Usual of Washington
Authors: Brock Clare R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 looks at changes in food and agricultural corporate lobbying behavior over a twenty-year span to establish a pattern of changing behavior. Even as corporations are some of the most vilified actors in politics, they also are the most active in lobbying. Additionally, a fair amount of information about corporations is publicly available, allowing for more detailed analysis than is possible with other types of groups. Chapter 4 finds that the increase in polarization over the past twenty years has had a profound effect on corporate lobbying. Corporate lobbying of Congress has increased even as corporate lobbying levels have remained fairly steady in other venues. When combined with evidence from interviews, it is clear that polarization in Congress is having an important effect on firm lobbying. Corporations appear to be working harder than ever at lobbying Congress to achieve their preferred outcomes.
He Said, She Said
Authors: Brock Clare R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 uses interviews to illustrate how polarization has shifted the role of advocacy groups in American politics. Interviewees describe the agricultural policy arena as an example of cooperation and good process, yet also note that polarization and uncertainty are impacting the political landscape. As members of Congress have become less collegial, lobbyists work harder to act as go-betweens, providing a negotiation subsidy. They form industry coalitions that appeal across the partisan aisle and provide political cover for members of Congress to support emerging compromises. Indeed, coalition building is described as taking up an increasing amount of time for lobbyists, and being increasingly vital to success. These coalitions also provide the groups with political cover; in a coalition they are less likely to be pressed to ideologically affiliate. In short, partisanship is not only increasing the amount of lobbying on Capitol Hill, it is also changing its form.
The Search for System
Authors: Gordley James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the nineteenth century, the common lawyers systematized the law of contract for the first time. Like continental jurists, they explained as much of it as possible in terms of the will of the parties. Their “will theory” was discredited because it could not explain why sometimes the parties are bound by terms that the law reads into their contract which they did not choose, and why sometimes they are not bound by harsh terms to which they agreed. Before the rise of the will theory, continental writers had explained contract law, not in terms of the will alone, but in terms of the purposes that contract serves and the fairness of an exchange. Without those ideas, contract theory became incoherent. With them, one can better explain the American law of contract.
Promises to Make Gifts of Money or Property
Authors: Gordley James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Promises to make gifts of money or property are intended to enrich one party at the other’s expense. The rules that govern their enforceability ensure that the promisor wishes to make a legally binding commitment to do so. The promisor may not wish to do so when the promise is subject to inchoate conditions that excuse performance if the promisor’s needs change. Promises to make gifts are enforced when it is unlikely that they are subject to such conditions, for example, when promises are made with a formality, in marriage settlements, which are designed to confer independence on the married couple, and in charitable subscriptions, where the promisor does not expect the promisee to be aware of inchoate conditions. Promises to make gifts should be enforceable when the promisor dies without changing his mind and so any such conditions are never fulfilled. By way of exception, even a promise that is subject to such conditions should be enforceable if the promisor can foresee that the promisee will rely on it, since to refuse to keep it would be to change one’s mind at the promisee’s expense.
Disgorgement of the Value of Benefits Received
Authors: Gordley James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sometimes, the reason for imposing liability is that a party who has been compensated for assuming a risk should bear the consequences. Sometimes the reason is that a party who has conferred a benefit on the other should be compensated. Sometimes a party is required to disgorge a gain that was made possible a gain that was made possible by a breach of contract but which does not consist of a benefit conferred by the other party. The reason is that the party gained by appropriating a benefit to which the other party was exclusively entitled. It does not matter whether the appropriation was conscious, deliberate or wrongful.
Reasons
Authors: Kagan Shelly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to reasons internalism (sometimes called moral rationalism), one always has a reason to do what one is morally required to do. Arguably, this can only be the case if there are categorical reasons—reasons whose existence does not depend on the agent’s particular desires. But many moral skeptics find the very idea of a categorical reason unacceptable. Accordingly, moral realists have to either reject reasons internalism, show how reasons internalism can be true even if all reasons are hypothetical ones (that is, reasons that depend on the agent’s desires), or explain why the existence of categorical reasons shouldn’t be dismissed as especially problematic. The prospects for each alternative are considered.
Moral Realism
Authors: Kagan Shelly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Moral realists hold that there are moral facts and that some moral claims are objectively true. This view is supported by intuition, which defeasibly justifies our belief in a wide variety of such facts. To be sure, this justification could be defeated, if there were compelling reason to be skeptical about the very existence of morality, but the survey of skeptical arguments undertaken in this book shows them to be less powerful than one might initially think. This still leaves the task of combining the various intuitions into a systematic moral theory. That’s the job of normative ethics, but there is no compelling reason to hold that it cannot be successfully completed. So moral realism remains an intellectually respectable position, and indeed it is arguably a more plausible position to embrace than moral skepticism.
Political Thought of Xi Jinping
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Xi Jinping Thought is Xi’s strategic vision that the people of China are required to embrace and follow. As a proto-ideology that is being elevated to the state ideology, it is benchmarked against Mao Zedong Thought. It merges party-centric nationalism, Leninism, Maoism, Legalism, and Confucianism to render socialism Sino-centric. Its emergence began with Xi’s introduction of “the China Dream” in 2012. Since its formal launch in 2017, it has become increasingly interwoven in everyday lives in China, especially through the Xuexi qiangguo App. This book conceptualizes and contextualizes Xi Thought and examines the design and implementation of their corresponding policies. The following working premises are adopted to research Xi Thought: The main goals of the Thought are to strengthen regime security, party supremacy, and to achieve the China Dream. To accomplish them, Xi modifies China’s “consultative Leninist” political system into a Sino-centric consultative Leninist system under his strongman rule.
Reinvigorating the Chinese Communist Party
Authors: Tsang Steve , Cheung Olivia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The doctrine of “comprehensively governing the Party strictly” in Xi Thought synthesizes the Liu Shaoqi’s Leninist approach to party-building with Mao Zedong’s ambition for strongman rule, which requires making the Chinese Communist Party his personal instrument. Accordingly, Xi has launched a rectification-cum-anticorruption drive across the Party to punish disobedience. This included forcefully ending the post-Mao convention to accord immunity to members of the Politburo Standing Committee. Selective enforcement of party discipline is justified because Xi Thought prioritizes protecting Xi’s image and status and ensuring loyalty to him over eradicating corruption. To turn the drive into a policy for long-term implementation, all ranks of the Party were subjected to incessant indoctrination of Xi Thought, the powers of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection—the Party’s in-house disciplinary watchdog with wide-reaching extrajudicial powers—were significantly expanded; moreover, the expansive system of intraparty rules and regulations was reinvigorated to centralize powers to Xi.
Thinking Beyond Language
Authors: Congdon Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter defends a variation of conceptualism, the view that all meaningful experience is conceptually mediated. The development of new moral concepts, it argues, cannot start from a conceptually schemeless “given,” but from within an existing conceptual inheritance. It outlines a conception of conceptual mediation that is not necessarily discursive or propositional in form, such that conceptually mediated experiences can rupture existing discursive repertoires. It develops this by considering two examples of moral concept development, concerning ‘courage’ and ‘sexual harassment’, respectively. Drawing from Charles Mills and John McDowell, it then argues that conceptualism is not only compatible with, but required for, realism about the content of experience. It argues that ideology critique remains possible without requiring a conceptually schemeless foundation, criticizing an anti-realist pragmatist alternative. Finally, it outlines a notion of epistemically productive dissonance in consciousness raising, drawing from Miranda Fricker, that helps explain the beginning stages of moral articulation.
Changing Our Nature
Authors: Congdon Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that a historicized variation of Aristotelian ethical naturalism provides the right normative framework for the theory of moral conceptual change defended in this book. It begins with a characterization of the immutability thesis, which holds that, if objective moral grounds exist, they must be immutable. It provides examples of philosophers committed to this thesis from the early modern period to the present and considers a Kantian argument in its favor. It then argues that the notion of a life-form at work in Aristotelian ethical naturalism offers a framework for defending ethical objectivity while allowing that human nature undergoes historical change, building upon work by Philippa Foot and Michael Thompson. It then draws upon Charles Taylor’s notion of articulation to argue that linguistic and conceptual changes in the ways we articulate the conditions of human flourishing can be understood, in some cases, as transforming those very conditions.
DJ School UK and Beyond
Authors: Reiss Jim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is as an autobiographical synopsis of the author’s journey as a tutor of DJ skills in the U.K. It focuses on the learning he gained, the challenges he faced and the successes achieved. The author is an advocate of the power of DJ equipment and contemporary popular musics (from hip hop to house and far beyond) for inclusion, and strongly believes that DJ skills require a level of skill and musicianship at least equivalent to traditional instruments. Not being a professional writer nor an academic, the author addresses the themes in this book in the first person, focusing on his personal experiences.