bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a disability-targeted micro-entrepreneurship programme in Kenya: Study protocol for a randomised control trial of the InBusiness programme
Authors: Banks Lena Morgon , Kepha Stella , Zinke-Allmang Anja , Gichuki Paul M , Scherer Nathaniel , Mwandawiro Charles , Carew Mark , Njomo Doris , Chen Shanquan , Okoyo Collins , Davey Calum , Shakespeare Tom , Pereira Maria Antonella , Goyal Divya , Kuper Hannah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of livelihood interventions amongst people with disabilities. In many countries, self-employment or micro-entrepreneurship is a dominant source of livelihoods for people with disabilities and their caregivers. However, this group may face heightened barriers to successful microentrepeurship, including discrimination, exclusion from training or inaccessible transport, infrastructure and communication systems. The InBusiness programme is a livelihoods programme targeted to microentrepeneurs with disabilities or their caregivers delivered by a consortium of non-governmental organisations. The programme focuses on improving the skills, practices and opportunities of microentrepreneurs, while linking them with procurement opportunities with private and public institutions. This protocol describes a randomised control trial of the InBusiness programme in eight counties of Kenya.
Methods
The randomised control trial will involve 495 microentrepeneurs who have been verified as eligible for InBusiness by programme implementers. Individuals will be randomised within counties, either being invited to enrol in InBusiness in March 2023 or allocated to a control group. Participants in the control arm will receive information about compliance with business-related laws and available social protection programmes. The trial will assess the impact of InBusiness on household consumption and individual economic empowerment (primary outcomes) as well as food security, well-being, social attitudes, unmet need for disability-related services and microenterprise profits (secondary outcomes). Baseline was conducted in March 2023 and follow-up will be 24 months from baseline (12 months from completion of the programme). Analysis will be through intention-to-treat. A process evaluation will explore fidelity, mechanisms of impact and the role of context and complementary qualitative research with participants will be used to triangulate findings across the trial.
Discussion
This study will provide evidence on the impact of a large-scale disability-targeted livelihood programme on household and individual financial security and well-being. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of livelihood programmes amongst people with disabilities, and so this trial can help inform the design and delivery of InBusiness as well as other livelihood programmes targeted to people with disabilities.
Trial Registration
This study was registered with the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (ISRCTN13693137) on April 24th, 2023.
Digital maps burn huge carbon
Authors: Lü Guonian , Wu Mingguang , Yuan Linwang , Xiong Liyang , Cheng Ziming , Zhu Axing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction are emerging tasks for global sustainable development. However, little attention has been given to the energy consumption of digital maps. As an integral component of modern human activities, digital maps are extensively deployed, and their usage is rapidly increasing. It is crucial to comprehend the energy consumption of these maps and explore ways to mitigate their energy usage. Our findings indicate that digital maps consume considerable amounts of energy, resulting in substantial carbon emissions at an alarmingly high rate, equivalent to 31-34% of the energy consumption of Bitcoin mining. Our results show that the power consumption of map displays is higher than that of most image-like media, including movies, electronic games, and paintings. We estimate that the global map industry consumed approximately 38.29-46.60 billion kWh of energy in 2021. In comparison to national residential electricity consumption, the industry ranked 23rd-26th, surpassing most countries in the world. In this study, we present three energy-saving methods to reduce energy consumption by up to an impressive 85%. This reduction far exceeds the expected 15% level set by The Climate Group for energy reduction in the ICT sector to achieve sustainable development. Based on our findings, we conclude that energy-saving digital maps should be considered a key transformative green technology for achieving the sustainable development goals outlined by the United Nations. The work reported in this study is also transferable to other visual media.
Preferences for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV among men who have sex with men and transgender women in 15 countries in Asia and Australia: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Ong Jason , Tieosapjaroen Warittha , Bavinton Benjamin , Schmidt Heather-Marie , Chan Curtis , Green Kim , Phanuphak Nittaya , Poonkasetwattana Midnight , Suwandi Nicky , Fraser Doug , Boonyapisomparn Hua , Cassel Michael , Zhang Lei , Tang Weiming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Scaling up pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in the Asia-Pacific region has been slow. We evaluated the drivers of PrEP use and forecasted PrEP uptake given different PrEP programs for MSM and TGW living in 15 countries and territories in Asia and Australia.
Methods:
Separate online discrete choice experiment (DCE) surveys for MSM and TGW were distributed in 15 Asian countries and territories and Australia between May-November 2022. We used random parameters logit models to estimate the relative importance of service attributes and predicted PrEP uptake for different program configurations.
Findings:
Among 21,943 participants included in the MSM survey and 1,522 in the TGW survey, the mean age was 31.7 (± 9.5) years and 28.1 (± 7.0) years, respectively. Despite variations in the relative importance of service attributes across countries, cost emerged as the primary driver of PrEP use for MSM and TGW, followed by the type of PrEP. The predicted PrEP uptake could improve by over 50% for MSM and 37% for TGW when switching from the least preferred PrEP service program (i.e., very high cost, PrEP implant, rare kidney problems as side effects, and a two-monthly clinic visit) to an optimal program (i.e., free access to PrEP via peer-led community clinics which offered STI testing, and a 6–12 monthly visit). Compared to those at less risk of HIV, free access was more preferred by MSM at a substantial risk of HIV, while telehealth was more preferred by TGW at a substantial risk of HIV.
Interpretation:
Tailoring services to local contexts, including ensuring affordability, preferred type of PrEP and providing differentiated services, could accelerate the uptake of PrEP among MSM and TGW in Asia and Australia.
The role of firm resources in environmental regulation: Evidence from the emission trading system in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jitae , Hong Jong Ho , Yu Jongmin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

A firm's response to regulations may depend on its resources, such as finance, human capital, facilities, information, patents, brand names, and organizational processes. This study aims to examine whether it is easier for firms with many assets to reduce CO2 emissions after an Emission Trading System in Korea (K-ETS). We make a firm-level dataset from 2011 to 2019 that includes CO2 emissions and financial information for manufacturing firms that have been subject to the K-ETS. We apply regressions and log mean divisia index (LMDI) to analyze the causes of and contributions to the change in CO2 emissions before and after the ETS. The panel analysis result shows that the more assets (or intangible assets including human capital, information, patents, or brand names) a firm owns, the lower the CO2 emissions after the ETS. It is also estimated that conglomerates, including interlocking affiliates, reduced CO2 emissions more than small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As a result of LMDI analysis, we find that conglomerates with abundant resources reduced CO2 emissions by improving energy intensity through facility investment or process improvement, unlike SMEs. This result means that firms with many resources can positively respond to the ETS and the effect of resources was a spillover within the same interlocking group.
Classification codes Q58 · Q54 · D22 · G38 · L25 · L60
Urban Flood Resilience Analysis Using GIS-Based AHP and Modified S-FRESI Approach: A Case Study of Gyor City, Hungary
Authors: ullah ibrar , Gábor Kovács , Tibor Lenner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Urban flooding has gained great attention in recent years since the population in urban areas has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes. The rate of urban flooding has increased around the globe mainly due to climate change. To cope with an increasing flooding issue, there has been an increased effort to manage flood management in urban areas. Similarly in this study, an attempt was made to develop a GIS-based thematic map to assess flood resilience in the Gyor city, Hungary. Gyor City is particularly vulnerable to flooding due to its geographical proximity at the confluence of Raba, Rabca, Mosoni, Marcal, and the great Danube rivers. Three elements i.e., hazard, Exposure, and coping capacity with each having pre-determined parameters were selected and processed through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The product value maps of the elements were then analyzed in a Geographical Information System (GIS) using the Modified Specialized Flood Resilience (S-FRESI) approach. The resultant product map shows that 43.7% of the study area had a low to very low level of resilience, followed by 23.5% of the area with a high to very high level of resilience, while 32.5% of the area had a medium level of resilience to floods.
Color-channel Adversarial Attack with Resolution based Camouflaging
Authors: Li Guowei , Li Ping , Zhu Xinpeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent studies in the vulnerability of deep neural networks in the field of image classification has aroused the interest of designing various kinds of attacks, which play a role in probing the security issues of deep neural network models. Though existing white-box attacks can offer strong attacks, most of them are vulnerable to human inspection. While some attacks are stealthy and imperceptible, their damaging effect is weakened. In this work, we propose a novel approach of crafting adversarial samples to reconcile the attack effectiveness and the imperceptibility. In particular, instead of attacking all image channels adopted in existing methods, we aim at specific color channel and the local region related to classification, wherein adversarial perturbations are exerted. In order to fool human visual system, we propose an improved bilinear interpolation approach to camouflage adversarial samples with enhanced resolution. The experiments on three benchmark datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10, IMAGENET-10) demonstrate that, compared to several strong attack methods, our model strikes a better balance between attack strength and human inspection. Moreover, the adversarial samples created by our method are more effective than those generated by the comparison methods in improving the robustness of the base classification model.
COVID-19 lockdowns' impact on birth and pregnancy, and associated inequalities, within high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Hindes Iona , Sarwar Hawa , Gravesteijn Benjamin , Jardine Jennifer , Burgos-Ochoa Lizbeth , Been Jasper , Zenner Dominik , Iliodromiti Stamatina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We aimed to review the evidence on the impact of lockdowns on adverse birth and pregnancy outcomes (ABPOs) and related inequalities in high-income countries (HICs). Databases were searched from Jan 1, 2019-June 22, 2023, for original observational studies based in HICs which compared the rates of ABPOs, before and during lockdowns. We ran random effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses per region, lockdown period, ethnicity group, and deprivation level, we also adjusted for underlying temporal trends. 132 studies were meta-analysed. Preterm birth (PTB) decreased in the first lockdown (RR = 0·96[95%CI:0·93 − 0·99]), when only considering studies that adjusted for long-term trends, this reduction in PTB remained (0·97[0·95 − 0·99]). The reduction was larger in Europe (0·94[0·92 − 0·96]) and Australia (0·94[0·90 − 0·99]), and only observed in white ethnicity groups (0·94[0·89 − 0·98]), and in those living in low deprivation (0·95[0·91 − 0·98]). More women screened positive for possible depression antenatally during lockdown (1·37[1·06 − 1·78]). Lockdowns affected advantaged and disadvantaged subgroups in an unequal manner.
Prototype Device for Measuring Carbon Monoxide Levels in Human Exhalation
Authors: Bekh Igor , Mamilov Serge , Porozinski Illya , Velyhotskyi Dmytro , Yashan Igor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of the work is to create on the basis of a modern component base a prototype device for non-invasive control over the condition of those poisoned by carbon monoxide or smoking in the conditions of mobile ambulance, fire and rescue operations and intensive care. It is shown that • concentration of CO in the exhalation of a person who does not smoke is in the range of 1 ÷ 2 ppm, which corresponds to the values given in the literature [3]; • graph of the dependence of the sensor response (in ppm) on the time of measurement in the atmosphere of one deep exhalation of a person after 5 minutes after smoking a cigarette has well-defined maxima, and the concentration of CO in exhalation is 13 ppm higher than before smoking.
Scalable neural network models and terascale datasets for particle-flow reconstruction
Authors: Pata Joosep , Wulff Eric , Mokhtar Farouk , Southwick David , Zhang Mengke , Girone Maria , Duarte Javier 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study scalable machine learning models for full event reconstruction in high-energy electron-positron collisions based on a highly granular detector simulation. Particle-flow (PF) reconstruction can be formulated as a supervised learning task using tracks and calorimeter clusters or hits. We compare a graph neural network and kernel-based transformer and demonstrate that both avoid quadratic memory allocation and computational cost while achieving realistic PF reconstruction. We show that hyperparameter tuning on a supercomputer significantly enhances the physics performance of the models, improving the jet transverse momentum resolution by up to 50% compared to the baseline. The resulting model is highly portable across hardware processors, supporting Nvidia, AMD, and Intel Habana cards. Finally, we demonstrate that the model can be trained on highly granular inputs consisting of tracks and calorimeter hits, resulting in a competitive physics performance with the baseline. Datasets and software to reproduce the studies are published following the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles.
Deloading Practices in Strength and Physique Sports: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Rogerson David , Nolan David , Androulas-Korakakis Patroklos , Immonen Velu , Wolf Milo , Bell Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background: This study explored the deloading practices of competitive strength and physique athletes. A 55-item anonymised web-based survey was distributed to a convenience-based, cross-sectional sample of competitive strength and physique athletes (n = 246; age = 29.5 ± 8.6 years) who had 8.2 ± 6.2 years of resistance training and 3.8 ± 3.1 years of competition experience.
Results: All athletes deloaded within training with energy and fatigue management being the main reasons to do so. The typical duration of a deload was 6.4 ± 1.8 days, integrated into the training programme every 5.8 ± 3.4 weeks. Deloading was undertaken using a proactive, pre-planned strategy (or in combination with an autoregulated approach) and undertaken when performance stalled or during periods of increased muscle soreness or joint aches. Athletes reported that training volume would decrease (through a reduction in both repetitions per set and sets per week), but training frequency would remain unchanged during deloads. Additionally, athletes reported that training intensity (load lifted) would decrease, and effort would be reduced (facilitated through an increase in repetitions in reserve). Athletes would generally maintain the same exercise selection during deloading. For athletes that supplemented deloading with additional recovery modalities (n = 118; 48%), the most reported strategies were massage, static stretching and foam rolling. Conclusion: Results from this research might assist strength and physique athletes and coaches to plan their deloading. Future research should empirically investigate the findings from this study to further evaluate the potential utility of deloading in strength and physique sports.
A Wearable and Unobstructive Qi-Compatible Wireless Charger
Authors: Lu Nanshu , Kim Sangjun , Wells Jonathan , Bhattacharya Sarnab , Nathan Hamsi , He Jiaming , Tubilla Isabella , Huh Heeyong , Kakani Pooja , Farshkaran Ali , Pasupathy Praveenkum , Zhou Jianshi , Porter Emily , Lazarus Nathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wearable wireless power transfer (WPT) systems offer untethered charging of wearable, implantable, and even mobile devices on the go, but face challenges in safety, efficiency, and wearability. We introduce a thin, stretchable, and safe hand band capable of watt-level wireless charging through the Qi protocol. The implementation of non-adhesive fabric encapsulation serves to protect the thin and spiral copper antenna from mechanical strain, ensuring an overall stretchability of 50%. We also created a stretchable “Ferrofabric”, characterized by a magnetic permeability of 11.3 and a tensile modulus of 75.3 kPa, that provides magnetic shielding for the antenna without compromising wearability. By addressing loss mechanisms such as the skin effect, proximity effect, core loss, and joule heating, we achieved a wireless charging efficiency of 72% and power delivery of 3.81 W in the kHz frequency range. Our WPT hand band is unobstructive to hand motion and can charge a handheld smartphone as fast as a desktop charger or power a battery-free chest-laminated e-tattoo, both with well-managed thermal and electromagnetic safety. Through a holistic electromagnetic, structural, and thermal design, our device culminated in a safe, rugged, and versatile solution for wearable WPT systems.
Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is associated with disturbances in gut microbiota and migration of peripheral immune cells
Authors: Ma Zongjun , Liu Yuanyuan , Shen Wenke , Yang Jiaxiao , Wang Ting , Li Yiwei , Ma Junbai , Zhang Xiaoxia , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) results from a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue due to estrogen deficiency, which may increase the incidence of fragility fractures. In recent years, the “gut-immune response-bone” axis has been proposed as a novel potential approach in the prevention and treatment of PMO. Studies on ovariectomized murine model indicated the reciprocal role of Th17 cells and Treg cells in the aetiology of osteoporosis. However, the relationship among gut microbiota, immune cells and bone metabolic indexes remains unknown in PMO.
Methods
A total of 77 postmenopausal women were recruited for the study and divided into control (n = 30), osteopenia (n = 19), and osteoporosis (n = 28) groups based on their T score. The frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, 17A, 1β, 6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing analysis was performed to investigate the gut microbiota of the participants.
Results
The results demonstrated decreased bacterial richness and diversed intestinal composition in PMO. In addition, significant differences of relative abundance of the gut microbial community in phylum and genus levels were found, mainly including increased Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Campylobacterota, as well as reduced Firmicutes, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium. Intriugingly, negative regulatory Treg cells and associated IL-10 concentration in peripheral circulation in steoporosis group, but other chronic systemic proinflammatory cytokines and Th17 cells were opposited. Moreover, significantly elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in patients with osteoporosis indicated that disrupted intestinal integrity and permeability. A correlation analysis showed close relationships between gut bacteria and inflammation.
Conclusions
Collectively, these observations will lead to a better understanding of the relationship among bone homeostasis, the microbiota, and circulating immune cells in PMO.
The IPR of the beholder: The Economics and Strategy knowledge based on IPR, patents and trademarks
Authors: Santos Ana Teresa , Mendonça Sandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The economics and strategy literature is an useful resource for professions and policy-makers involved in patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights (IPRs). Understanding how this knowledge accumulates is crucial for identifying, analyzing, evaluating, anticipating, and governing of stakeholders in the world of intangibles information. This paper uses bibliographic data to identify, classify and assess research documents around IPR topics from the Economics discipline and from the Strategic perspective. For this, we investigate the trajectories of IPR-related research in the top-10 journals of both economic science and business strategy. Evidence shows new contributions have trended upwards at similar rates in both disciplinary realms, but that the total volume of Strategy research is two times higher than Economics science. Stylised facts may be of use to leaders and experts in IPR offices who need to be up-to-date with the scientific literature but want to build panoramic awareness and retain critical insight.