bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between postpartum calf‐licking behavior and agonistic behavior against handlers by primiparous beef cows
Authors: Yamada Shiho , Ninomiya Shigeru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaternal protective behavior in cattle husbandry settings is typically manifested as agonistic behavior against farm staff handling the calves. Investigating factors related to agonistic behavior of cows is important. Agonistic behaviors of 30 primiparous cows against farm staff handling their calves during the immediate postpartum period were observed using continuous recording. Relations between this agonistic behavior and calf‐licking behavior were also analyzed for 2 h postpartum. Agonistic behavior was exhibited by 11 cows: 10 first displayed it during the first hour postpartum, whereas one displayed it during the second hour postpartum. Cows showing agonistic behavior spent a significantly longer time engaged in licking behavior during the first 2 h postpartum than the cows not showing agonistic behavior (p < 0.05). Although cows exhibiting agonistic behavior were likely to exhibit more calf‐licking behavior, particularly during the first hour postpartum, than those not exhibiting agonistic behavior (p = 0.08), no difference was found in the proportion of time used for calf‐licking during the second hour postpartum (p = 0.61). Results suggest an association between agonistic behavior against humans and greater calf‐licking behavior in primiparous cows immediately postpartum.
Dietary puerarin supplementation improves immune function in the small intestines of oxidized oil‐challenged broilers
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yu Yingmei , Shi Xuan , Zou Tiande , Yang Lei , OuYang Jingxin , Bian Yinhao , Liu Yichun , Li Guanhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPuerarin has possessed a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the protective effects of puerarin on the oxidized oil‐induced injury. Here, we describe the anti‐inflammatory effects of puerarin in chickens. A total of 360 broilers were arranged in four treatments. Diets included two types of soybean oil (fresh or oxidized) and two levels of puerarin (0 or 750 mg/kg). Results showed that puerarin alleviated oxidized soybean oil‐induced intestinal immune injury by decreasing the expressions of HSP and pro‐inflammatory factor (P < 0.05) and enhancing the mRNA levels of anti‐inflammatory factor and CATH‐1 (P < 0.05) in broilers. Moreover, puerarin supplementation decreased the mRNA abundances of TLR4 and MyD88 (P < 0.05) and upregulated the expressions of A20 and SOCS‐1 (P < 0.05) in the small intestine of oxidized soybean oil‐challenged broilers. Collectively, this study demonstrates puerarin may be a potential nutrient supplement in the treatment of oxidized oil‐induced damage in poultry.
A physiological approach to renal clearance: From premature neonates to adults
Authors: Holford Nick , O'Hanlon Conor J. , Allegaert Karel , Anderson Brian , Falcão Amilcar , Simon Nicolas , Lo Yoke‐Lin , Thomson Alison H. , Sherwin Catherine M. , Jacqz‐Aigrain Evelyne , Llanos‐Paez Carolina , Hennig Stefanie , Mockus Linas , Kirkpatrick Carl 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsWe propose using glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as the physiological basis for distinguishing components of renal clearance.MethodsGentamicin, amikacin and vancomycin are thought to be predominantly excreted by the kidneys. A mixed‐effects joint model of the pharmacokinetics of these drugs was developed, with a wide dispersion of weight, age and serum creatinine. A dataset created from 18 sources resulted in 27,338 drug concentrations from 9,901 patients. Body size and composition, maturation and renal function were used to describe differences in drug clearance and volume of distribution.ResultsThis study demonstrates that GFR is a predictor of two distinct components of renal elimination clearance: (1) GFR clearance associated with normal GFR and (2) non‐GFR clearance not associated with normal GFR. All three drugs had GFR clearance estimated as a drug‐specific percentage of normal GFR (gentamicin 39%, amikacin 90% and vancomycin 57%). The total clearance (sum of GFR and non‐GFR clearance), standardized to 70 kg total body mass, 176 cm, male, renal function 1, was 5.58 L/h (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.50‐5.69) (gentamicin), 7.77 L/h (95% CI 7.26‐8.19) (amikacin) and 4.70 L/h (95% CI 4.61‐4.80) (vancomycin).ConclusionsGFR provides a physiological basis for renal drug elimination. It has been used to distinguish two elimination components. This physiological approach has been applied to describe clearance and volume of distribution from premature neonates to elderly adults with a wide dispersion of size, body composition and renal function. Dose individualization has been implemented using target concentration intervention.
Two new compounds from endemic Centaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz and their cytotoxic activities
Authors: Tüfekçi Ali Rıza , Demirtaş İbrahim , Akşit Hüseyin , Arslan Şevki , Kocabıyık Kübra , Zeybek Sibel , Ozen Tevfik , Köksal Ekrem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCentaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz is an endemic plant in Turkey. Pyrocatechol, vanillic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxy benzoic acid, 5‐O‐caffeoylshikimic acid, tamarixetin, chlorogenic acid methyl ester, quercetin, 1,3‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, tamarixetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, quercimetrin, daucosterin, paphlagonicanin B, tamarixetin‐7‐O‐β‐rutinoside, rutin, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, 3‐O‐feruloylquinic acid, quercetagetin‐3‐methyl ether 6‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside, diosmetin 6‐C‐β‐glucopyranoside, quercetagetin 4′‐methyl ether 7‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside, paphlagonicanin A, nepetin, cirsiliol, desacylcynaropicrin, and 8α‐O‐(2′,3′‐dihydroxyisobutyryl) desacylcynaropicrin were isolated from both flower and aerial parts of C. paphlagonica. These compounds were identified using 1D and 2D NMR methods and ESI‐MS. The MTT assay assessed the antiproliferative activities of all isolated (known and new compounds) compounds on Caco‐2, LNCaP, A549, HeLa, and HEK‐293 cell lines. The 8α‐O‐(2′,3′‐dihydroxyisobutyryl) desacylcynaropicrin demonstrated the highest activity against CaCo‐2 and HeLa cancer cell lines.
Deep learning‐based automatic segmentation of bone graft material after maxillary sinus augmentation
Authors: Tao Baoxin , Xu Jiangchang , Gao Jie , He Shamin , Jiang Shuanglin , Wang Feng , Chen Xiaojun , Wu Yiqun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy and reliability of deep learning in automatic graft material segmentation after maxillary sinus augmentation (SA) from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.Materials and MethodsOne hundred paired CBCT scans (a preoperative scan and a postoperative scan) were collected and randomly allocated to training (n = 82) and testing (n = 18) subsets. The ground truths of graft materials were labeled by three observers together (two experienced surgeons and a computer engineer). A deep learning model including a 3D V‐Net and a 3D Attention V‐Net was developed. The overall performance of the model was assessed through the testing data set. The comparative accuracy and inference time consumption of the model‐driven and manual segmentation (by two surgeons with 3 years of experience in dental implant surgery) were conducted on 10 CBCT scans from the test samples.ResultsThe deep learning model had a Dice coefficient (Dice) of 90.36 ± 2.53%, a 95% Hausdorff distance (HD) of 1.59 ± 0.82 mm, and an average surface distance (ASD) of 0.38 ± 0.11 mm. The proposed model only needed 7.2 s, while the surgeon took 19.15 min on average to complete a segmentation task. The overall performances of the model were significantly superior to those of surgeons.ConclusionsThe proposed deep learning model yielded a more accurate and efficient performance of automatic segmentation of graft material after SA than that of the two surgeons. The proposed model could facilitate a powerful system for volumetric change evaluation, dental implant planning, and digital dentistry.
Hydrothermal vent fauna of the western Pacific Ocean: Distribution patterns and biogeographic networks
Authors: Tunnicliffe Verena , Chen Chong , Giguère Thomas , Rowden Ashley Alun , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Brunner Otis 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimDeep‐sea hydrothermal vent habitats support a low‐diversity fauna in which most species are unique to the ecosystem. To inform conservation planning around this vulnerable marine ecosystem, we examine species distributions over a wide area to assess the underlying beta‐diversity components and to examine biogeographic patterns. We assess the concept of a highly connected fauna that would repopulate areas of local extinction from distal locations.LocationWestern Pacific Ocean from Japan to New Zealand.MethodsWe assemble a database of 295 confirmed species records for 11 western Pacific vent systems. The SET beta‐diversity framework supports query of the distribution of pairwise pattern components in comparisons among vent systems. We build a network based in graph theory to examine connectivity among vent systems based on shared species similarity. A bipartite network revealed the relative role of each species in linkages among vent system nodes. We assess the importance of sampling bias and distance between systems.ResultsOverall, two‐thirds of the taxa are restricted to a single basin or arc. The Mariana Trough system has the highest corrected weighted endemism for vent‐specific species, followed by that of the Okinawa Trough. Species replacement is the dominant feature of beta‐diversity. Eleven vent systems form seven network modules with stronger connectivity in the Southwest than Northwest Pacific. The Manus Basin vent system emerges as a network ‘hub’ reflecting its central geographic near the equator.Main ConclusionTwo western Pacific biogeographic provinces arise, north and south of the equator that few species transcend. Local and regional conservation plans should consider the low network connectivity and high system endemism in management of hydrothermal vent ecosystems in the event of seabed mining. Species recruitment is unlikely to transcend vent system boundaries. We identify Okinawa Trough, Mariana Trough, Manus Basin, Feni‐Tabar Arc and Kermadec Arc for development of conservation plans that initiate or expand protection.
Instrumental helping and short‐term reciprocity in chimpanzees and human children
Authors: Knofe Hagen , Engelmann Jan M. , Grueneisen Sebastian , Herrmann Esther 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans cooperate in reciprocal patterns, but it is unclear whether these interactions are based on the same psychological foundations. While there is evidence suggesting that both species engage in long‐term forms of reciprocity, there is very little work exploring their short‐term behavioural contingencies with suitable methods. Here, we present a direct comparative study on short‐term reciprocity in chimpanzees and human children using a novel, low‐cost instrumental helping task. We investigated whether participants help a conspecific partner to obtain a tool for accessing a reward, and whether the level of helping depends on the partner's previous helpful or unhelpful behaviour. In line with prior research, both chimpanzees and children demonstrated helping behaviour towards their partner. However, the extent to which the two species showed short‐term reciprocity differed considerably. After receiving help, tested children always helped in return. They helped substantially less when interacting with an unhelpful partner. Chimpanzees showed a higher tendency to help when interacting with a helpful compared to an unhelpful partner only in the first half the experiment. With increasing trial number, chimpanzees stopped discriminating between helpful and unhelpful partners. This study provides evidence for short‐term reciprocity in human children and, to a lesser extent, in our closest living relatives. Our findings demonstrate that helping paradigms provide a useful context to investigate reciprocal motives in humans and chimpanzees alike.
Plasma pentosidine concentration is associated with ligament ossification and high‐grade osteoarthritis: The ROAD study
Authors: Nagata Keiji , Hashizume Hiroshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Ishimoto Yuyu , Muraki Shigeyuki , Nakamura Kozo , Yoshida Munehito , Tanaka Sakae , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshimura Noriko 
Published: November 2023

AimNo studies have examined the association between plasma pentosidine levels and ossification diseases in large cohorts of Japanese residents. This study aimed to investigate the association between cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and other ossification diseases, including diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, lumbar spondylosis and knee osteoarthritis (OA), by examining plain radiographs of the knee, and cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine from 1690 participants, and the association between these diseases and plasma pentosidine.DesignWe enrolled 1690 participants (596 men and 1094 women) from mountainous and coastal areas from the study population of the previous Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability study. X‐ray examination of the cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine and knee was carried out only in these individuals, and not those from urban areas. Plasma pentosidine concentrations were determined using enzyme‐linked immunoassays.ResultsRadiographic OPLL was detected in 30 (17 men, 13 women) of 1562 individuals who underwent X‐ray examination of the cervical spine. OPLL, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, lumbar spondylosis Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade, and knee OA KL grade were associated with high plasma pentosidine concentrations (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant intragroup differences (KL grade 4 vs 3) of plasma pentosidine concentration were observed between the lumbar spondylosis and knee OA groups. The plasma pentosidine concentration was significantly associated with age, OPLL, lumbar spondylosis (KL grade 4) and knee OA (KL grade 4).ConclusionsOPLL is significantly associated with other ossification diseases. The development of more severe OA might lead to the accumulation of plasma pentosidine. Plasma pentosidine levels were associated with OPLL and severe OA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 154–160.
Fabrication of fine‐grained Li2TiO3 ceramic with enhanced performance using high‐energy ball milling
Authors: Wang Yufei , Gong Yichao , Kang Kun , Li Zhaokun , Li Jiarui , Ren Shuai , Yan Guojun , Zhang Guojun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNumerous efforts have been made to fabricate Li2TiO3 tritium breeding ceramics with satisfactory density and mechanical strength while maintaining a fine grain structure. In this study, high‐energy ball milling was performed to promote grain refinement and amorphization of TiO2 and Li2CO3 powders, thereby preparing Li2TiO3 ceramic at a reduced sintering temperature. In the presence of high‐energy ball milling, powder mixtures with particle sizes of 24–29 nm were obtained, and the formation of β‐Li2TiO3 occurred at 400°C. The relative density and crushing load of Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles improved as the ball‐to‐powder ratio and milling time increased. The Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles sintered at 900°C exhibited a tiny grain size, satisfactory relative density (89%), and excellent crushing load (121 ± 13 N). The results also demonstrated that Li2TiO3 ceramic possessed the maximum thermal conductivity and ionic conductivity under the conditions of a 20:1 ball‐to‐powder ratio and 20 h milling time, that is, 5.028 W/m·K and 1.87×10−2 S/m at room temperature. Overall, the high‐energy ball milling process has shown advantages in the fabrication of tritium breeding ceramics with fine‐grained structure and excellent comprehensive performance.
Low‐temperature curable adhesive for joining SiC/SiC components: Their application in wide range of temperatures
Authors: Thuniki Naveen Reddy , Gangavarapu Krishna Prasad , Brijendra Vikram G. , Budda Kanakaiah , Prasad V. V. Bhanu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHerein we report the formulation of phenolic resin–based adhesive to join SiC substrates for a wide range of application temperatures. The formulation consists of phenolic resin as a binder and a mixture of B4C, Al2O3, Y2O3, Si, and SiO2 powders as active filler. The X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, porosity, and scanning electron microscopy analysis were carried out to understand the reactions occurring within this adhesive during its exposure to application temperatures. These results were also used to understand thermal stability and morphological changes that are involved in the formulated adhesive during its application. The shear strength values of lap joints of SiC substrates made with this phenolic adhesive after exposure to temperatures between 200 and 1500°C were studied to evaluate its adhesive capacity. Obtained SiC joints with this adhesive have shown an excellent lap shear strength value of 24 MPa after its cure. These joints were also found to be intact with good shear strength values of more than 5 MPa even after exposure to temperatures ranging from 200 to 1500°C. The results further confirm that the adhesive is potentially viable for joining SiC segments for their application at a wide range of temperatures in oxidative environments.
Analyzing time‐varying tail dependence between leveraged loan and debt markets in the U.S. economy
Authors: Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Trabelsi Nader , Abakah Emmanuel Joel Aikins , Lee Chi‐Chuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the time‐varying dependence between U.S. leveraged loan and debt markets within a highly linked financial system using a quantile‐based time‐varying connectedness framework to determine the hedging benefits of leveraged loans for financial investors at various quantiles. Based on daily closing price data from November 28, 2008 to October 3, 2023, the evidence demonstrates considerable (moderate) spillovers across the leveraged loan and debt markets for severe (normal) occurrences, with additional results indicating symmetric interaction. In terms of risk spillover, we also affirm the dominance of short‐term fixed‐income instruments over leveraged loans and long‐term bonds. These findings indicate that no hedging or diversification occurred among the investigated markets.
Morphology and diet are decoupled in nearshore notothenoids from King George Island, West Antarctica
Authors: Landaeta Mauricio F. , Pareja Matías , Hüne Mathias , Zenteno‐Devaud Lisette , Vera‐Duarte Javier , Bernal‐Durán Valentina , Castillo Manuel I. , La Mesa Mario 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAntarctic notothenioid fishes show wide adaptive morphological radiation, linked to habitat preferences and food composition. However, direct comparisons of phenotypic variability and feeding habits are still lacking, particularly in stages inhabiting nearshore areas. To assess these relationships, we collected juveniles and adults of the most common benthic species inhabiting shallow waters off the South Shetland Islands within a similar size range, the plunderfish Harpagifer antarcticus, the black rockcod Notothenia coriiceps, and the marbled rockcod Notothenia rossii. Individual size ranges varied from 44.0 to 98.9 mm standard length (LS) (H. antarcticus), from 95.8 to 109.3 mm LS (N. coriiceps), and from 63.0 to 113.0 mm LS (N. rossii). Notothenioid fish showed different morphospace variability, being larger for H. antarcticus than the other Notothenia species and associated with the position of the posterior end of the operculum, along with the location and relative size of the eye. The evolutionary allometry was low, but the static allometry was much higher, especially for H. antarcticus and N. rossii. The diet was mainly carnivorous, consisting of amphipods and euphausiids. Macroalgae were scarce or totally absent in the gut contents of all species. Only H. antarcticus showed an increase in the prey number and ingested prey volume with fish size. Finally, there was a significant covariation between shape changes and LS in all species (allometric effects), however, not with prey composition, probably due to the small size range or ontogenetic stage and the relative similarity (or lack of contrast) in the benthic environment that they utilized.
Phenotypic and genomic characterization of a non‐pathogenic Epilithonimonas ginsengisoli isolated from diseased farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Chile
Authors: Miranda Claudio D. , Irgang Rute , Concha Christopher , Rojas Rodrigo , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlavobacterial infection associated with diseased fish is caused by multiple bacterial species within the family Flavobacteriaceae. In the present study, the Chilean isolate FP99, from the gills of a diseased, farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), was characterized using phenotypic and genomic analyses. Additionally assessed was pathogenic activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that isolate FP99 belonged to the genus Epilithonimonas, an average nucleotide identity value of 100% was detected with the Chilean isolate identified as Epilithonimonas sp. FP211‐J200. In silico genome analysis, mechanisms for toxins production, and superantigens, adhesion, or other genes associated with virulence were not detected. However, genes encoding proteins for antibiotic resistance were found, including the chrA gene and the nucleotide sequence that encodes for multiple antibiotic resistance MarC proteins. Furthermore, the blaESP‐1 gene (87.85% aminoacidic sequence identity), encoding an extended‐spectrum subclass B3 metallo‐β‐lactamase and conferring carbapenem‐hydrolysing activity, and the tet(X) gene, which encodes a monooxygenase that catalyses the degradation of tetracycline‐class antimicrobials were carried by this isolate. Phenotyping analyses also supported assignment as E. ginsengisoli. Challenge trials against healthy rainbow trout resulted in no observed pathogenic effect. Our findings identify for the first time the species E. ginsengisoli as associated with fish farming, suggesting that this isolate may be a component of the microbiota of the freshwater system. Notwithstanding, poor environmental conditions and any stressors associated with aquaculture situations or lesions caused by other pathogenic bacteria, such as F. psychrophilum, could favour the entry of E. ginsengisoli into rainbow trout.