bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Use of a Platelet‐Counting Tool in Plateletpheresis
Authors: Ho T.‐F. , Yang B.‐S. , Huang Y.‐T. , Hung C.‐T. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Objective:
For years, blood transfusion centers in Taiwan have used the Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC®) Hematology System for platelet counts on capillary blood samples in the laboratory screening of apheresis donors. The system has not been evaluated for the prediction of yields in plateletpheresis. Methods: The QBC instruments was evaluated for reproducibility of platelet counts and compared with five electronic cell counters. We also collected both capillary and venous blood from voluntary donors before donation and counted platelets, comparing the QBC system and an electronic blood cell counter (Sysmex K1000). The correlation between donors' predonation platelet counts and plateletpheresis yields was analyzed. Results: The R values for platelet counts between the QBC Hematology System and other electronic counters are lower (0.759‐0.890) than among the electronic counters (0.929‐0.973). The mean capillary platelet count and the mean venous platelet count were 241.9±50.3±103/μl and 233.2±47.9×103/μl by the QBC system, and 244.9±54.1×103/μl and 218.9±46.5×103/μl by the Sysmex K1000, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that platelet yields correlated well with donors' predonation platelet counts using the Sysmex K1000 counter (R = 0.7770.890, p<0.001), but not with the QBC system (R = 0.326∼.755, p<0.05). Conclusion: The QBC Hematology System is not accurate enough to determine predonation platelet counts that are to be used for calculating the number of processing cycles for plateletpheresis.
Treatment of Post‐Transfusion Graft‐versus‐Host Disease with Nafmostat Mesilate, a Serine Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Ryo Ryukichi , Saigo Katsuyasu , Hashimoto Makoto , Kohsaki Masatoshi , Yasufuku Masao , Watanabe Norihisa , Okada Masayoshi , Tadokoro Kenji , Juji Takeo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background:
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes from donors are thought to injure the target organs in post‐transfusion graft‐versus‐host disease (PT‐GVHD) through perforingranzyme‐ and Fas‐dependent cell killings. The protease involved is a serine protease, and nafmostat mesilate (NM), a serine protease inhibitor, has been found to inhibit the in vitro allocytotoxicity of the T cell clone established from a patient with PT‐GVHD, thus suggesting the usefulness of NM for treatment of PT‐GVHD. Case Report: A 47‐year‐old male with esophageal cancer, who received 3 units of packed red cells and 20 units of platelet concentrates from 5 unrelated donors, was diagnosed as having PT‐GVHD on the basis of typical clinical features, HLA typing of the patient and the responsible donor, and a mixed chimera of CD8+ lymphocytes on microsatellite DNA polymorphism analysis. NM was administered to inhibit the activity of the serine proteases, thought to be granzymes; a liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia with leukocytopenia simultaneously improved. Subsequently, a high‐dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy and monoclonal anti‐CD3 were administered to reduce the donor's proliferating lymphocytes, which resulted in lymphopenia accompanied by elimination of the donor's lymphocytes and normalization of the CD4/CD8 ratio. However, recurrence of the proliferation of the responsible donor's lymphocytes developed after cessation of NM administration, probably because of excessive immunosuppression caused by steroids and the monoclonal anti‐CD3. Conclusion: This case indicates that administration of a serine protease inhibitor may improve PT‐GVHD symptoms by inhibiting cytotoxic T‐cell‐mediated killing of target cells in fatal PT‐GVHD. Steroids and monoclonal anti‐CD3 were probably responsible for the transient clinical improvements. More studies are required, however, on mechanisms to eliminate the donor's lymphocytes.
Clinical Evaluation of Repeat Apheresis Donors in Japan
Authors: Furuta Motomu , Shimizu Tetsuo , Mizuno Shinichi , Kamiya Tadashi , Ozawa Kazuo , Nakase Toshie , Tadokoro Kenji , Takenaka Michiko , Ohkawa Tsutomu , Yokoyama Shigeki , Ogawa Yoshiaki , Kiyokawa Hiroyuki , Shimizu Masaru , Sekine Naoki , Yoshimura Isao 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAbstractBackground and Objectives: To ascertain the safety of repeat apheresis donation, hematological and biochemical tests were performed on 511 donors with a donation rate of over 6 times per year for a period of 12–19 months. Materials and Methods: Repeat donors who had apheresis more than 6 times in the previous year were chosen. Data for the repeat donors at the start of the experiments were compared with those at the end of the end of the study. Blood samples were taken prior to donation. Serum protein, albumin, immunoglobulin G, A, and M, serum ferritin levels were determined by biochemical tests. Results: When compared to prospective donors of 400 ml, WBC, lymphocytes, and serum ferritin levels were lower in a roughly frequency‐dependent manner in female and male donor groups at the beginning of the study. All the data for the male group remained almost constant with increasing frequency of apheresis donation. However, in the female group, ferritin levels significantly decreased with over 21 donations. Conclusions: The present data showed that the serum ferritin level of the female donors decreased the most with increasing frequency of apheresis donation. The cumulative RBC left in the collecting chamber and for the laboratory test is discussed in relation to a possible cause of iron deficiency in frequent apheresis donors.
Use of Recombinant, Activated Factor VII in the Treatment of Congenital Factor VII Deficiencies
Authors: Mariani G. , Testa M.G. , Di Paolantonio T. , Bech R. Molskov , Hedner U. ,   ad hoc Study Group
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Factor VII (FVII) deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder, historically treated with prothrombin complex concentrates or plasma‐derived FVII concentrates. We treated such patients (n=17) with a recombinant, activated FVII preparation. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐seven spontaneous bleeding episodes were treated and 7 major and 13 minor surgical interventions were carried out. The dosages employed ranged from 8.08 to 70.5 μg/kg body weight. Results: A mean dose between 22 and 26 μg/kg was sufficient to normalise the prothrombin time. Fifteen haemarthroses were treated with single doses and results were excellent in 13 cases. In 5/6 bleeding episodes of other types, the treatment gave either excellent or at least effective results. Haemostasis was secured in the 7 major and 13 minor surgical interventions. One patient developed antibodies 4–5 weeks after an extremely high dose. Otherwise, there were no side effects and no evidence of a thrombotic tendency. Conclusion: This recombinant concentrate is efficacious in FVII‐deficient patients. It is safe since any risk of transmission of blood‐borne viruses is eliminated.
Micro‐Column Affinity Test and Gel Test: Comparative Study of Two Techniques for Red Cell Antibody Screening
Authors: Eichler H. , Böhler A. , Hastka J. , Richter E. , Kerowgan M. , Goldmann S.F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
We describe the results of a comparative evaluation of a gel test (ID Micro Typing) and a micro‐column affinity test (MCAT, Cellbind Screen) for red cell antibody screening and identification under routine conditions. Materials and Methods: 3,000 serum samples of patients from the Mannheim University Hospital were tested in parallel by means of the gel test and the MCAT, using the low‐ionic‐strength‐saline indirect antiglobulin test and the protein G affinity technique, respectively. Test cells used were the same in all tests. In addition, we performed titration studies with all detected antibodies as well as with 59 frozen sera containing antibodies of known specificity. Results: A total of 154 antibodies (5.1%) were detected, 149 by gel test and 147 by MCAT. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the gel test was 96.8 and 96.5% and of the MCAT 95.5 and 97.2%. No significant differences between the gel test and MCAT were found when the titer scores of all 213 (fresh and frozen) antibodies were used to check the results. The mean scores for the gel test and the MCAT were 26.8 and 28.5, respectively. For anti‐Fya and anti‐Kell, a significantly higher titration score could be obtained in the MCAT, whereas anti‐Lua showed a significantly higher score with the gel test. Conclusion: For the screening of unexpected red blood cell antibodies, the MCAT is as sensitive as the gel indirect antiglobulin test. The sensitivity and specificity of the two systems are more or less the same although it seems that lgM antibodies are better detected by the gel test.
Determination of Granulocyte‐Specific Antigens on Neutrophil Fcγ Receptor IIIb by PCR‐Preferential Homoduplex Formation Assay, and Gene Frequencies in the Japanese Population
Authors: Fujiwara Koki , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Mitsunaga Shigeki , Oka Takanori , Yamane Akio , Akaza Tatsuya , Tadokoro Kenji , Tokunaga Katsushi , Shibata Yoichi , Juji Takeo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Granulocyte‐specific antigens play an important role in provoking immune neutropenia and transfusion reactions. We developed a new DNA‐typing method, PCR‐preferential homoduplex formation assay (PHFA), to determine granulocyte‐specific antigens on the neutrophil Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIb, CD 16b), namely, the NA1, NA2, and SH antigens and their gene frequencies in the Japanese population. Materials and Methods: Four hundred unrelated healthy Japanese blood donors were typed using PCR‐PHFA. To confirm the accuracy of the results of FcγRIIIB genotyping using PCR‐PHFA, PCR‐sequence‐specific primer (SSP) typing and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing were carried out in another 20 samples for comparison. Results: The results of PCR‐PHFA typing agreed well with other methods. The frequencies of the FcγRIIIB alleles were 62.2, 37.8, 0 and 0% for NA1, NA2, SH, and ‘NA‐null’, respectively. Conclusion: The PCR‐PHFA method can be semi‐automated easily with computer‐based assignment and is suitable for typing both small and large numbers of samples. In the Japanese population, the frequency of NA1 is about double that in Caucasians (32.5%), and the SH allele is rare.
Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Development of Postoperative Bacterial Infection
Authors: Chang Hong , Hall Gregory A. , Geerts William H. , Greenwood Celia , McLeod Robin S. , Sher Graham D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Allogeneic red blood cell transfusions may exert immunomodulatory effects in recipients including an increased rate of postoperative bacterial infection. It is controversial whether allogeneic transfusion is an independent predictor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection. Methods: We analysed a prospectively collected database of 1,349 patients undergoing colorectal surgery in 11 centres across Canada. The primary outcome was the development of either a postoperative wound infection or intraabdominal sepsis in transfused and nontransfused patients. The effect of allogeneic transfusion on postoperative infection was evaluated with adjustment for all the confounding factors in a multiple regression analysis. Results: The 282 patients who received a total of 832 allogeneic units had a significantly higher frequency of wound infections and intra‐abdominal sepsis than the patients who were not transfused (25.9 vs. 14.2%, p = 0.001). A significant dose‐response relationship between transfusion and infectior, rate was demonstrated. Multiple regression analysis identified allogeneic transfusion as a statistically significant independent predictor for postoperative bacterial infection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.33, p = 0.007). Other independent predictors were anastomotic leak, repeat operation, patient age and preoperative haemoglobin level. The mortality rate was also significantly higher in the transfused group. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that allogeneic red cell transfusion is an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative bacterial infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This association provides further reason to minimise exposure to allogeneic transfusions in the perioperative setting.
The MNS Blood Group Antigens, Vr (MNS12) and Mta (MNS14), Each Arise from an Amino Acid Substitution on Glycophorin A
Authors: Storry Jill R. , Coghlan Gail , Poole Joyce , Figueroa Dolores , Reid Marion E. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The antigens, Vr (MNS12) and Mta (MNS14), are low‐incidence antigens of the MNS blood group system. The Vr antigen has been found only on the red blood cells (RBCs) of persons of Dutch ancestry whereas the Mta antigen has been found on the RBCs of persons from a wide geographic distribution. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular basis of Vr and Mta. Materials and Methods: Following RT‐PCR amplification of total RNA isolated from one Vr+ person (G488) and one Mt(a+) person (GH), the genes encoding glycophorin A (GYPA) and glycophorin B (GYPB) were cloned and sequenced. To confirm the point mutation observed in the cDNA from G488 (Vr+), GYPA exon 3 was cloned and sequenced from the genomic DNA of G488 and a second unrelated Vr+ person (MU). A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay was used to analyze genomic DNA from 11 Mt(a+) persons (10 unrelated) following PCR amplification of GYPA exon 3. Results: The coding sequence of GYPB was normal in both G488 (Vr+) and GH (Mt(a+)). Sequencing data from GYPA clones derived from G488 showed ot full length GYPA sequences: A normal GYPA M allele and a GYPA M allele with a point mutation 197C→A. Sequencing of GYPA exon 3 from G488 and MU confirmed the point mutation. Sequencing data drom GYPA clones derived from GH showed two full length GYPA sequences: a normal GYPA M allele and a GYPA N allele with a point mutation 230C→T.RFLP analysis based on the point mutation showed that DNA from 11 Mt(a+) samples were heterozygous for the point mutation. Conclusion: The Vr antigen arises from a point mutation 197C→A on GYPA which is predicted to change serine at position 47 to tyrosine. This change introduces a new α‐chymotrypsin cleavage site. The Mta antigen arises from a point mutation 230C→T which is predicted to change threonine at position 58 to isoleucine.
Studies on the Removal of Abnormal Prion Protein by Processes Used in the Manufacture of Human Plasma Products
Authors: Foster Peter R. , Welch Anne G. , McLean Carol , Griffin Brenda D. , Hardy John C. , Bartley Anthony , MacDonald Shirley , Bailey Andrew C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
To identify if any process steps used in plasma fractionation may have a capability of removing agents of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Materials and Methods: Sixteen fractionation steps were investigated separately by adding a preparation of hamster adapted scrapie 263K to the starting material at each process step and determining the distribution into resultant fractions of protease‐K‐resistant (abnormal) prion protein by Western blot analysis. Results: A number of process operations were found to remove abnormal prion protein to the limit of detection of the assay. These were cold ethanol precipitation of fraction IV (log reduction, LR, ≥3.0) and a depth filtration (LR ≥4.9) in the albumin process; cold ethanol fraction I+III precipitation (LR ≥3.7) and a depth filtration (LR ≥2.8) in the immunoglobulin processes and adsorption with DEAE‐Toyopearl 650M ion exchanger (LR ≥3.5) in the fibrinogen process. In addition, a substantial degree of removal of abnormal prion protein was observed across DEAE‐Toyopearl 650M ion exchange (LR = 3.1) used in the preparation of factor‐VIII concentrate; DEAE‐cellulose ion exchange (LR = 3.0) and DEAE‐sepharose ion exchange (LR = 3.0) used in the preparation of factor‐IX concentrates and S‐sepharose ion exchange (LR = 2.9) used in the preparation of thrombin. Conclusions: Plasma fractionation processes used in the manufacture of albumin, immunoglobulins, factor‐VIII concentrate, factor‐IX concentrates, fibrinogen and thrombin all contain steps which may be capable of removing causative agents of human TSEs.
Pretransfusion Testing without Serologic Crossmatch: Approaches to Ensure Patient Safety
Authors: Kuriyan Mercy , Fox Ellen 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
A crossmatch is usual in pretransfusion testing, but we eliminated it at our tertiary care university hospital. In place of the crossmatch, we have introduced a system where, if an antibody screen is negative, two technologists confirm the ABO of the same patient sample, and we release blood of the patient's type without a serologic or electronic crossmatch. Materials and Methods: In 65,628 samples received for pretransfusion testing, we studied the effect of common errors that occur from the time of receipt of a sample until release of the blood unit, in order to decide if elimination of the serologic crossmatch would affect patient safety. All sample labels were inspected for acceptability. Results: A total of 1,082 (1.64%) samples were rejected for mislabeling. Discordance in patient ABO typing results between two technologists was 0.43%. Such discrepancies were resolved before the release of blood units. No donor unit mislabeling or unit release errors were detected. Conclusion: Elimination of the crossmatch for red cell antibody–negative patients is safe provided a system of error detection is used. This enhances patient care through the quicker release of blood, increased laboratory efficiency and decreased costs.
Polymorphisms of RhDVa and a New RhDVa–Like Variant Found in Japanese Individuals
Authors: Hyodo Hironobu , Ishikawa Yoshihide , Kashiwase Koichi , Ogawa Atsuko , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Toyoda Chizu , Uchikawa Makoto , Akaza Tatsuya , Fujii Tomoyuki , Kozuma Shiro , Taketani Yuji , Juji Takeo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Red cell type RhDVa lacks epD1 and 5 and is encoded by hybrid RHD–CE(5)–D alleles. We analyzed RhDVa and RhDVa–like samples in Japanese blood donors. Materials and Methods: Ten RhDVa samples lacked epD1 and 5 and 3 RhDVa–like variants also lacked, epD2 and a part of 6/7. We identified the full–length nucleotide sequences of the complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized from 4 samples: 3 of type DVa and the 4th a DVa–like variant. Results: Although their sequences differed from each other, all the substitutions were exclusively in exon 5. Three DVa samples had hybrid RHD–CE(5)–D alleles, but the DVa–like variant had a unique nucleotide substitution with a single amino acid change, E233K. Exon 5 of the genomic DNA from all 13 samples was analyzed by sequencing. No other sequences were identified. Conclusion: All RhDVa and RhDVa–like variants had the substitution for E233. E233 seems to be a determinant of epD1 and 5. A new category of RhD variant, DYO, was identified.
Splenic Lymphoma Presenting as Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Authors: Zeidman A. , Fradin Z. , Barac Y. , Bendayan D. , Mittelman M. , Orlin J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objective:
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a condition in which peripheral red blood cell (RBC) destruction is induced by the presence of an autoantibody. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) represents an isolated process of decreased erythropoiesis. The combination of both is quite rare, with a very poor prognosis. We describe a patient with isolated splenic lymphoma whose presentation was a combination of AIHA and PRCA. The patient was resistant to all treatment. Materials and Methods: Erythroid colony assays were performed, in order to compare the effect of the patient's serum on colonies with that of a normal control. Results: The patient's serum significantly suppressed normal erythroid colony growth. A red cell eluate revealed the presence of a warm autoantibody. Conclusions: The patient's serum contained warm autoantibody responsible for peripheral RBC destruction and a humoral factor, perhaps the warm autoantibody, which suppressed bone marrow erythropoiesis. Establishing an early diagnosis, and treatment of the underlying disease might result in a better prognosis.
Preparation of Leukocyte‐Poor Platelet Concentrates via a Short, Hard Spin of a Pool of Buffy Coats
Authors: van Delden C.J. , Faber R.D. , de Wit H.J.C. , Sibinga C. Th. Smit 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
A new method for the preparation of leukocyte‐poor platelet concentrates was developed, based on a short, hard spin of a pool of 5 buffy coats (BCs) combined with automated collection of the platelets. Materials and Methods: The characteristics of platelet concentrates (PCs) were studied as a function of the total g force applied to a pool of 5 BCs. Pools of BCs were centrifuged for 1 min with a total g force ranging from about 3,300 to 5,000 gmin (n = 7–9 per applied g force). Deceleration took place without the means of a brake. The total centrifugation time was about 11 min. The platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) fraction above the cell layer was separated by an automated component preparation device. Results: A short, hard spin with a total g force of between 3,400 and 4,600 gmin resulted in PCs that contained on average more than 290×109 platelets and less than 5×106 leukocytes without the use of a leukocyte filter, provided that the transfer of PRP was electronically checked and terminated. The cell concentrations in the PCs are a function of the total g force. Both the platelet and leukocyte levels in the concentrate decreased with an increase in the total g force applied to the pool. Conclusion: The preparation of PCs via a short hard, spin of BCs, combined with automated collection of the PRP molecular may be an alternative method for the preparation of leukocyte‐poor PCs.
Calibration of HCV Working Reagents for NAT Assays against the HCV International Standard
Authors: Saldanha J. , Heath A. , Lelie N. , Pisani G. , Nübling M. , Yu M. ,   Collaborative Study Group
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Five HCV RNA reference reagents, the Paul Ehrlich Institut (PEI) reference 75, the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) reagent 96/586, the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service (CLB) Pelispy HCV RNA run control S2001, the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS) reagent 0498 and the CBER panel member No. 1, were calibrated against the WHO International Standard, 96/790. Materials and Methods: The reference materials were calibrated in a collaborative study organised by NIBSC. Nineteen laboratories, using a range of qualitative and quantitative assays returned results. Results: The concentrations of the reagents were: 25,000 IU/ml for the PEI material, 710 IU/ml for the NIBSC material 96/586, 1,000 IU/ml for the CLB material, 1,700 IU/ml for the ISS material 0498 and 250 IU/ml for the CBER panel member No. 1. Conclusions: The calibration of these five reference reagents for HCV RNA nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) assays enables them to be used for standardisation and validation of assays. Such calibrants are essential for meeting the requirements of the European Medicinal Evaluation Agency (EMEA) for the testing of plasma pools and donations for HCV RNA for the release of blood products and the PEI requirements for the release testing of erythrocyte and thrombocyte concentrates.