bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human cortical processing of colour and pattern
Authors: Barrett Nicholas A. , Large Mathew M. , Smith Glen L. , Michie Patricia T. , Karayanidis Frini , Kavanagh David J. , Fawdry Richard , Henderson David , O'Sullivan Brendan T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe present study investigates human visual processing of simple two‐colour patterns using a delayed match to sample paradigm with positron emission tomography (PET). This study is unique in that we specifically designed the visual stimuli to be the same for both pattern and colour recognition with all patterns being abstract shapes not easily verbally coded composed of two‐colour combinations. We did this to explore those brain regions required for both colour and pattern processing and to separate those areas of activation required for one or the other. We found that both tasks activated similar occipital regions, the major difference being more extensive activation in pattern recognition. A right‐sided network that involved the inferior parietal lobule, the head of the caudate nucleus, and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus was common to both paradigms. Pattern recognition also activated the left temporal pole and right lateral orbital gyrus, whereas colour recognition activated the left fusiform gyrus and several right frontal regions. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:213–225, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early discrimination of coherent versus incoherent motion by multiunit and synaptic activity in human putative MT+
Authors: Ulbert Istvan , Karmos George , Heit Gary , Halgren Eric 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA laminar probe was chronically implanted in human putative MT+. The area was specifically responsive to globally coherent visual motion, a crucial aspect of the perception of movement through space. The probe contained 23 microcontacts spaced every 175μ in a linear array roughly perpendicular to the cortical surface. Current‐source density (CSD) and multiunit activity (MUA) were recorded while viewing initially stationary random dot patterns that either moved incoherently or dilated from the central fixation. Onset of visual motion evoked large MUA/CSD activity, with coherent motion evoking earlier and faster‐rising MUA/CSD activity than incoherent, in both superficial and deep pyramidal layers. The selective response, peaking at ≈115 ms, was especially large in deep pyramids, providing evidence that information necessary for visual flow calculations is projected from MT+ at an early latency to distant structures. The early onset of differential MUA/CSD implies that the selectivity of this area does not depend on recurrent inhibition or other intrinsic circuitry to detect coherent motion. The initially greater increase of MUA to coherent stimuli was followed by a greater decrease beginning at ≈133 ms, apparently because of recurrent inhibition. This resulted in the total MUA being greater to incoherent than coherent stimuli, whereas total rectified CSD was overall greater to coherent than to incoherent stimuli. However, MUA distinguished stationary from moving stimuli more strongly than did CSD. Thus, while estimates of total cell firing (MUA), and of total synaptic activity (CSD) generally correspond to previously reported BOLD results, they may differ in important details. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:226–238, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ERP, Balanced Scorecard, and IT: How Do They Fit Together?
Authors: Edwards James B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEnterprise resource planning (ERP) software affected everything from order capture to accounting
and warehousing. However, people were still swamped with information that reflected the past, instead of
predicting the future—until the Balanced Scorecard approach came along. But what's the role of
information technology in this new strategy? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Can You Manage Global Paradox?
Authors: Rhinesmith Stephen H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn an age of globalism, the world will increasingly demand that CEOs and CFOs manage paradoxes instead of
solving problems, says the author. But this is not an easy lesson to learn. The author presents a
five‐step program to ease the way. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Designing Your International M&A Strategy
Authors: Stanwick Peter A. , Stanwick Sarah D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA European multinational firm may want to buy your company! Or perhaps you are considering acquiring a
foreign company. Either way, more companies are considering international M&As. But do you have a strategy
that is well thought out? The authors show how to develop one—and successfully implement it.
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ABC for service firms: What's your real product?
Authors: Collins Frank , Munter Paul 
Published: October 2004

AbstractActivity‐based costing (ABC) is the rage these days. But to use ABC, you must know precisely what your firm's “product” is. That's not easy in service industries—where firms give customers a variety of services. So how do you identify service industry products? The authors give some answers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Financial Reporting Fraud: Could It Happen to You?
Authors: Beasley Mark S. , Carcello Joseph V. , Hermanson Dana R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractYou think it can't happen to you. But so did more than 200 companies, slammed hard by the SEC for reporting fraud. Almost immediately, company stock prices plummeted—followed by shareholder lawsuits, bankruptcy, civil fines, and even jail time for some execs. However, say the authors, those companies could have saved themselves—by focusing on four key areas. Here are some clear “dos” and “don'ts” you can't afford to ignore. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Customer value: A new kind of cost management
Authors: Mcnair C.J. , Polutnik Lidija , Silvi Riccardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractKnowing what customers value, and why, is the foundation of a sound business. But we often don't hear the customer's voice during our hectic, busy day. When that happens, your business falters. Instead, say the authors, you've got to embrace a customer value perspective. And that means a new approach for cost management. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improving operations: Not as simple as ABC
Authors: Higgins Brian K. , Young S. Mark 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAs soon as we launch one cost management strategy, newer and better ones hit the best‐seller list. That's because management wants a magic bullet—a strategy that requires no effort but provides all the right answers. But is there a more realistic alternative that balances the needs of all the stakeholders? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
More on the existence of small quasimultiples of affine and projective planes of arbitrary order
Authors: Ling Alan C. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe functions a(n) and p(n) are defined to be the smallest integer λ for which λ‐fold quasimultiples affine and projective planes of order n exist. It was shown by Jungnickel [J. Combin. Designs 3 (1995), 427–432] that a(n),p(n) < n10 for sufficiently large n. In the present paper, we prove that a(n),p(n) < n3. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 182–186, 2001
Large sets of disjoint group‐divisible designs with block size three and type 2n41
Authors: Cao H. , Lei J. , Zhu L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLarge sets of disjoint group‐divisible designs with block size three and type 2n41 have been studied by Schellenberg, Chen, Lindner and Stinson. These large sets have applications in cryptography in the construction of perfect threshold schemes. It is known that such large sets can exist only for n ≡ 0 (mod 3) and do exist for n = 6 and for all n = 3k, k ≥ 1. In this paper, we present new recursive constructions and use them to show that such large sets exist for all odd n ≡ 0 (mod 3) and for even n = 24m, where m odd ≥ 1. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 9: 285–296, 2001
Developmental potency of cultured pineal cells: An approach to pineal developmental biology
Authors: Araki Masasuke 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe pineal organ is still an enigma in regard to its developmental and phylogenetic origin. Little is known of the mechanism involved in determination and differentiation of pineal cells and virtually no studies have been done on the induction and tissue interactions during pinealogenesis. Interest is also centered on the evolutional transformation in structure and function, which may be related to the developmental alterations in pineal morphogenesis between the lower and higher vertebrate species. For developmental studies, avian embryos have great advantages for various experimental manipulations, such as cell and organ culture, surgical operation, and in situ transfection of developmental genes. The present review describes our cell culture studies, which have been done on developing rat and quail pineal organs, in order to elucidate the developmental potency of pineal cells and the regulatory mechanism involved in the phenotypic expression of cell properties. A number of phenotypes including numerous neuron‐specific substances are shown immunohistochemically to be expressed only under culture conditions, and not observed in the mature pineal organ. As development proceeds, some of the potencies for cell differentiation are lost; hence, in the mature pineal organs most neuronal phenotypes are not expressed. Numerous factors were discovered which affect phenotypic expression of cultured pineal cells in a cell‐type‐specific manner. These findings, together with immunohistochemical observations on developing pineal organs, reveal that the developing pineal organ is a unique and useful model system for developmental neurobiology and that cell culture techniques offer a powerful tool for the understanding of development and cell differentiation of this particular organ. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:33–42, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristic MR findings of cervical pregnancy
Authors: Jung Seung E. , Byun Jae Y. , Lee Jae M. , Choi Byung G. , Hahn Seong T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to define the characteristic MR findings of cervical pregnancy. Twelve patients with cervical pregnancy underwent MRI because of difficulty in the diagnosis by ultrasonography, human chorionic gonadotropin assessment, and other clinical evaluations. The assessment of MRI included size and location of the lesion, margin, MR signal intensity, rim of low‐signal intensity, enhancement pattern, appearance of enhancing solid component, parametrial change, endometrial change, pelvic fluid collection, and ovarian change. All cases showed ill‐marginated mass with very heterogeneous signal intensity on T2‐weighted images, irregular internal high‐signal intensities on T1‐weighted images, a partial or circumferential rim of low‐signal intensity, dense irregular peripheral enhancement and enhancing papillary solid components with accompanying tubular signal voids, and variably increased parametrial vascularities. This heterogeneous hemorrhagic mass with densely enhancing papillary solid components may be the typical MR finding for cervical pregnancy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:918–922. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of mammary cDNA differentially expressed in lethal milk mutation mice
Authors: Bao Bin , Lee Doh‐Yeel , Prasad Ananda S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLethal milk (lm) mutation in C57BL/6J inbred mice results in the reduction of zinc content in the milk and causes fatal neonatal zinc deficiency. Zinc injection to lm pups after birth helps them to overcome severe neonatal zinc deficiency and to maintain the normal body growth of lm pups. Thus, lm mutation displays a specific effect on the zinc content of the milk during lactation. The decrease in zinc content of the milk is not due to the low body zinc status in lactating lm dams. Also, oral zinc supplementation in lactating lm dams does not correct the low concentration of zinc in the milk. These findings suggest that lm mutation results in the defective cellular transport of zinc. The defective zinc transport might alter the expression of mammary genes because cellular zinc plays a critical role in diverse cellular functions. To investigate the effect of lm mutation on the expression of mammary genes, the differentially expressed cDNAs in lm mammary gland (MG) were explored using the mRNA differential display (DD) gel. One of the isolated cDNAs (M3) was expressed in the lm MG two times greater than that in the normal MG. The cloned partial M3 cDNA was shown to have the similarities to the unknown functional cDNAs in the yeast and human tissues. The M3 cDNA might have a common function in both lower and higher eukaryotes. The M3 mRNA is rich in the brain and the MG, but not in the liver and kidney. Hence, the M3 cDNA may have a certain function associated with the brain and the MG. More information regarding the cloned M3 cDNA might be provided by screening of the full length of M3 cDNA from cDNA library. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 14:371–382, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trace element levels in the testes of thioacetamide‐induced cirrhotic rats
Authors: Abul H. , Mathew T.C. , Abul F. , Al‐Sayer H. , Dashti H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMasculine infertility disorders are related to changes in trace element metabolism in the testis. In this study, toxic effects of thioacetamide in trace element (zinc, copper, selenium, and manganese) levels in the serum and testis of rats were studied at 1‐, 4‐, 8‐, and 12‐week posttreatment duration. A decrease in serum zinc, copper, and selenium was noticed whereas the level of these trace elements in the testis was increased. Manganese showed an increase in both serum and testis in response to thioacetamide treatment. Changes in trace element level showed structural damage in different organs such as the liver, kidney, and spleen. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of the changes in the level of trace elements in the structure and function of the testes of thioacetamide‐treated rats. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 14:383–392, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of post‐receptor insulin signaling by trivalent chromium in hepatoma cells is associated with differential inhibition of specific protein‐tyrosine phosphatases
Authors: Goldstein Barry J. , Zhu Li , Hager Richard , Zilbering Assaf , Sun Yanjie , Vincent John B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVarious molecular forms of chromium have been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism, and chromium deficiency can be associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Protein‐tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases), which negatively regulate signaling through the insulin receptor, are potential targets of chromium action, since this transition metal may inhibit catalysis at the thiol‐dependent active sites of these enzymes. Treatment of cultured rat hepatoma cells with 0.1 mM CrCl3 for 16 h increased the insulin‐stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of high Mr insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins by 49% to 7.3‐fold over basal (n = 7; P= 0.03), without altering basal insulin receptor or IRS tyrosine phosphorylation or insulin‐stimulated receptor autophosphorylation, suggesting a post‐receptor effect of chromium on signal transduction. PTPase activity in cell extracts of CrCl3‐treated hepatoma cells before or after insulin stimulation was unchanged, indicating that if chromium acted via cellular PTPases, the effect was reversible and limited to the in vivo state. Chromium (Cr+3) ion and two organic derivatives, an oligopeptide chromium complex from bovine liver (Cr‐pep), and a synthetic multinuclear complex of chromium with carboxylate ligands (Sm‐Cr) were also tested for their direct in vitro inhibition of the enzymatic activity of LAR and PTP1B, two structurally variant PTPases that have been implicated in regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. PTP1B (rat and human) was strongly inhibited by CrCl3 to 21–33% of control (n = 4–6; P< 0.001). In contrast, LAR activity was actually enhanced by CrCl3 to 47% above the control value (n = 12; P< 0.001). The Cr‐pep and Sm‐Cr complexes had no effect on PTP1B and LAR activity at the tested concentrations using the pNPP assay. These data suggest that the metabolic effects of chromium may be mediated by inhibition of PTP1B, a PTPase that negatively modulates insulin signaling, consistent with other recent studies implicating PTP1B in the regulation of the dephosphorylation of post‐insulin receptor substrate proteins. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 14:393–404, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trientine increases fecal copper excretion in Wilson's disease: A case report
Authors: Ishikawa Shozo , Nomoto Shozo , Yoshida Kunihiro , Tokuda Takahiko , Ikeda Shu‐ichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA copper balance study was performed during the successive 7 days when a patient with Wilson's disease went on a low‐copper diet and was taking 1500 mg of trientine daily. The average copper intake was 944 μg/day, urine copper excretion was 503 μg/day, fecal copper excretion was 922 μg/day; therefore, trientine reduced body copper about 500 μg per day. We provide direct evidence that trientine maintains copper balance probably by enhancing both the urinary and fecal excretion, with a larger amount decoppered in the feces. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 14:405–407, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentary: Is the concept of “tumor promotion” a useful paradigm?
Authors: Trosko James E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSince the demonstration of the multistage nature of carcinogenesis in experimental work on mouse skin carcinogenesis (and subsequently on various other organ systems in other organisms), the concepts of “initiation”, “promotion”, and “progression” were operationally generated from empiric data. Because these early observations and concepts had no mechanistic explanations, various hypotheses have been generated to explain the unique characteristics of each phase (e.g., initiation, being irreversible, was ascribed as the result of DNA damage leading to mutagenesis; promotion, being interruptible or reversible, was believed to be caused by epigenetic mechanisms; progression, also being irreversible, was believed to be caused by genetic instability that led to mutagenic and epigenetic changes). In addition, many of the molecular, biochemical, and cellular experiments designed to investigate the mechanistic bases of these phases used technologies that did not always lead to unequivocal interpretations, and because “real‐life” carcinogenesis does not mimic controlled experimental conditions of the initiation/promotion/progression experiments, many investigators believe that these concepts have lost their usefulness. In this commentary, I explain some of the confusion concerning the concept of promotion and suggest that, by understanding the limitations of many in vitro assays used to characterize mutagens, by integrating other theories of carcinogenesis (i.e., stem cell theory), and by recognizing the role of epigenetic agents, specifically, modulated gap‐junctional intercellular communication, the concept of promotion can provide valuable insights into the carcinogenic process. Mol. Carcinog. 30:131–137, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of a new vehicle scheduling and location problem
Authors: Bish Ebru K. , Leong Thin‐Yin , Li Chung‐Lun , Ng Jonathan W. C. , Simchi‐Levi David 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe consider a container terminal discharging containers from a ship and locating them in the terminal yard. Each container has a number of potential locations in the yard where it can be stored. Containers are moved from the ship to the yard using a fleet of vehicles, each of which can carry one container at a time. The problem is to assign each container to a yard location and dispatch vehicles to the containers so as to minimize the time it takes to download all the containers from the ship. We show that the problem is NP‐hard and develop a heuristic algorithm based on formulating the problem as an assignment problem. The effectiveness of the heuristic is analyzed from both worst‐case and computational points of view. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 363–385, 2001
The dynamic transshipment problem
Authors: Herer Yale T. , Tzur Michal 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigate the strategy of transshipments in a dynamic deterministic demand environment over a finite planning horizon. This is the first time that transshipments are examined in a dynamic or deterministic setting. We consider a system of two locations which replenish their stock from a single supplier, and where transshipments between the locations are possible. Our model includes fixed (possibly joint) and variable replenishment costs, fixed and variable transshipment costs, as well as holding costs for each location and transshipment costs between locations. The problem is to determine how much to replenish and how much to transship each period; thus this work can be viewed as a synthesis of transshipment problems in a static stochastic setting and multilocation dynamic deterministic lot sizing problems. We provide interesting structural properties of optimal policies which enhance our understanding of the important issues which motivate transshipments and allow us to develop an efficient polynomial time algorithm for obtaining the optimal strategy. By exploring the reasons for using transshipments, we enable practitioners to envision the sources of savings from using this strategy and therefore motivate them to incorporate it into their replenishment strategies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:386–408, 2001
Selecting review periods for a coordinated multi‐item inventory model with staggered deliveries
Authors: Flynn James 
Published: October 2004

AbstractConsider an N‐item, periodic review, infinite‐horizon, undiscounted, inventory model with stochastic demands, proportional holding and shortage costs, and full backlogging. For 1 ≤ j ≤ N, orders for item j can arrive in every period, and the cost of receiving them is negligible (as in a JIT setting). Every Tj periods, one reviews the current stock level of item j and decides on deliveries for each of the next Tj periods, thus incurring an item‐by‐item fixed cost kj. There is also a joint fixed cost whenever any item is reviewed. The problem is to find review periods T1, T2, …, TN and an ordering policy satisfying the average cost criterion. The current article builds on earlier results for the single‐item case. We prove an optimal policy exists, give conditions where it has a simple form, and develop a branch and bound algorithm for its computation. We also provide two heuristic policies with O(N) computational requirements. Computational experiments indicate that the branch and bound algorithm can handle normal demand problems with N ≤ 10 and that both heuristics do well for a wide variety of problems with N ranging from 2 to 200; moreover, the performance of our heuristics seems insensitive to N. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48:430–449, 2001
An interactive procedure for selecting acceptable alternatives in the presence of multiple criteria
Authors: Ulu Canan , Köksalan Murat 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the multiple criteria decision‐making problem of partitioning alternatives into acceptable and unacceptable sets. We develop interactive procedures for the cases when the underlying utility function of the decision maker is linear, quasiconcave, and general monotone. We present an application of the procedures to the problem of admitting students to the master's degree program at the Industrial Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 592–606, 2001.