bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Follicular B-Cell Neoplasm Presenting as Miliary Facial Papules: A Unique Clinical Presentation and Spontaneous Regression
Authors: Bavi Prashant , Mansoor Adnan , Auer Iwona , Hardin Jori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In situ follicular B-cell neoplasm (ISFN) is a variant of follicular lymphoma, presenting as an incidental histologic finding in lymph node biopsy or excisional specimens. ISFN presents with a B-cell population that strongly expresses BCL2 and CD10 within the germinal centers of a lymph node or extranodal site. Genetic analysis shows t(14;18) translocation. Herein, we report a case of ISFN presenting as military and agminated facial papules in a young woman, which resolved spontaneously in the postpartum period. To our knowledge, this is the only report of a cutaneous site of involvement of this rare entity.
Future directions of glaucoma treatment: emerging gene, neuroprotection, nanomedicine, stem cell, and vascular therapies
Authors: Ciociola Elizabeth C. , Fernandez Elise , Kaufmann Mary , Klifto Meredith R. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to summarize current research on novel gene, stem cell, neuroprotective, nanomedicine, and vascular therapies for glaucoma.

Recent findings
Gene therapy using viral vectors and siRNA have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure by altering outflow and production of aqueous humor, to reduce postsurgical fibrosis with few adverse effects, and to increase retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in animal studies. Stem cells may treat glaucoma by replacing or stimulating proliferation of trabecular meshwork cells, thus restoring outflow facility. Stem cells can also serve a neuroprotective effect by differentiating into RGCs or preventing RGC loss via secretion of growth factors. Other developing neuroprotective glaucoma treatments which can prevent RGC death include nicotinamide, the NT-501 implant which secretes ciliary neurotrophic factor, and a Fas-L inhibitor which are now being tested in clinical trials. Recent studies on vascular therapy for glaucoma have focused on the ability of Rho Kinase inhibitors and dronabinol to increase ocular blood flow.

Summary
Many novel stem cell, gene, neuroprotective, nanomedicine, and vascular therapies have shown promise in preclinical studies, but further clinical trials are needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy in human glaucomatous eyes. Although likely many years off, future glaucoma therapy may take a multifaceted approach.
Interpreting Serogical Markers in Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Ahmed Yasmeen , El-Kassas Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered a global health-related problem. The World Health Organization estimates an incidence of approximately 1.5 million new cases annually despite an available effective vaccine, and approximately 296 million people worldwide are living with chronic hepatitis B. This large number of patients require continuous monitoring of the treatment efficacy, disease progression, and screening for the HBV-related liver complications. Recently, it has become more evident that we need better predictive markers to allow treatment cessation when there is a reduced risk of viral reactivation, in addition to the present need to predict disease outcome and improve the management of people living with chronic hepatitis B. Novel HBV biomarkers are focused on in this minireview. These new markers include quantification of serum HBV RNA, hepatitis B core–related antigen, quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen, quantitative anti–hepatitis B core antigen, and detection of HBV nucleic acid–related antigen. The target of finding new markers for HBV replication is to provide crucial clinical data in a noninvasive way for detecting the replicative and transcriptional activity of the virus. This may support better management of patients compared with the criterion-standard invasive marker for detecting the intrahepatic replication and transcription of HBV, which is the quantification of covalently closed circular DNA.
Adjunctive Docosahexaenoic Acid in Residual Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Piperoglou Michael , Hopwood Malcolm , Norman Trevor R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to examine the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid as an adjunct to ongoing pharmacological treatments in patients with residual symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Methods/Procedures
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was conducted at a single private practice site. Participants were drawn from patients attending the practice.
Patients meeting criteria had a 4-week run-in period where they continued to receive their prescribed medications and omega-3 supplements. Depression and anxiety ratings were assessed at recruitment and completion of the run-in phase. Patients were randomized to receive an omega-3 supplement (Neurospark) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks then crossed over to the alternative treatment. At the end of the double-blind, cross-over phase patients received the supplement and were assessed after a 4-week run-out phase.
Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton scales. Efficacy of treatment was assessed using a linear mixed model analysis with time, order of treatment, diagnosis, and their interaction as factors. Depression and anxiety scales were analyzed as independent measures.

Results
The study enrolled 47 patients (mean [SD] age, 46.1 [11.2] years; [59.6%] male). Depression scores did not significantly change across assessments (P > 0.1); there was no effect of order of treatment (P > 0.1) or an interaction between time, order of treatment, and psychiatric diagnosis (P > 0.1). Anxiety scores were similarly unchanged across treatment visits and order of treatment, and there was no interaction between time, order of treatment, and psychiatric diagnosis.

Conclusions
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not significantly alter residual symptoms in this group of patients.
Assessment of the Respiratory Health of Working US Coal Miners Since 2014—Radiography, Spirometry, and Symptom Assessments
Authors: Hall Noemi B. , Reynolds Laura , Blackley David J. , Laney A. Scott 
Published: November 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to summarize Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Program findings since 2014, focusing on prevalence of radiographic pneumoconiosis and abnormal spirometry by region.

Methods
Analysis included the most recent Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Program encounter for working miners during October 1, 2014–June 30, 2022. Central Appalachia consists of Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Results
Pneumoconiosis prevalence was highest among underground miners, with 318 (6.2%) having radiographic evidence of disease. Central Appalachian miners were more likely to have evidence of pneumoconiosis (relative risk = 4.1 [3.4—5.0]) and abnormal spirometry (relative risk = 1.4 [1.2—1.6]) compared with all others.

Conclusions
Central Appalachia is a hotspot for pneumoconiosis, as well as for other indicators of respiratory impairment in coal miners. Outreach for occupational respiratory health surveillance should focus on those areas most heavily affected, ensuring that miners are not hindered by perceived or actual barriers to this secondary intervention.
Traumatic spinal cord injury: acute phase treatment in critical care
Authors: Adegeest Charlotte Y. , ter Wengel Paula V. , Peul Wilco C. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Surgical timing in traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) remains a point of debate. Current guidelines recommend surgery within 24 h after trauma; however, earlier timeframes are currently intensively being investigated. The aim of this review is to provide an insight on the acute care of patients with t-SCI.

Recent findings
Multiple studies show that there appears to be a beneficial effect on neurological recovery of early surgical decompression within 24 h after trauma. Currently, the impact of ultra-early surgery is less clear as well as lacking evidence for the most optimal surgical technique. Nevertheless, early surgery to decompress the spinal cord by whatever method can impact the occurrence for perioperative complications and potentially expedite rehabilitation. There are clinical and socioeconomic barriers in achieving timely and adequate surgical interventions for t-SCI.

Summary
In this review, we provide an overview of the recent insights of surgical timing in t-SCI and the current barriers in acute t-SCI treatment.
Hereditary causes of hypertension due to increased sodium transport
Authors: Zhang Jinwei 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a widespread health condition affecting a large number of individuals across the globe. Although lifestyle choices and environmental factors are known to have a significant impact on its development, there is growing recognition of the influence of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This review specifically focuses on the hereditary causes of hypertension that are associated with increased sodium transport through the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) or amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), crucial mechanisms involved in regulating blood pressure in the kidneys. By examining genetic mutations and signaling molecules linked to the dysregulation of sodium transport, this review aims to deepen our understanding of the hereditary causes of hypertension and shed light on potential therapeutic targets.

Recent findings
Liddle syndrome (LS) is a genetic disorder that typically manifests early in life and is characterized by hypertension, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyporeninemia, and suppressed aldosterone secretion. This condition is primarily caused by gain-of-function mutations in ENaC. In contrast, Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is marked by hyperkalemia and hypertension, alongside other clinical features such as hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and suppressed plasma renin levels. PHAII results from overactivations of NCC, brought about by gain-of-function mutations in its upstream signaling molecules, including WNK1 (with no lysine (K) 1), WNK4, Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), and cullin3 (CUL3).

Summary
NCC and ENaC are integral components, and their malfunctions lead to disorders like LS and PHAII, hereditary causes of hypertension. Current treatments for LS involve ENaC blockers (e.g., triamterene and amiloride) in conjunction with low-sodium diets, effectively normalizing blood pressure and potassium levels. In PHAII, thiazide diuretics, which inhibit NCC, are the mainstay treatment, albeit with some limitations and potential side effects. Ongoing research in developing alternative treatments, including small molecules targeting key regulators, holds promise for more effective and tailored hypertension solutions.
Expanding indications for urogenital transplantation: congenital and oncologic defects, and gender affirmation
Authors: Lopez Christopher D. , Girard Alisa O. , Redett Richard J. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
Penile transplantation has become an emerging option for patients with severe genital defects. Only transplantation restores anatomy, sexual, and reproductive function of the penis. However, penile transplantation comes with important technical, psychosocial, ethical, and surgical challenges that must be considered for successful implementation. Indications for penile transplantation have yet to be clearly elucidated.

Recent findings
Since 2006, only five penile transplants have been performed globally. Four of the five transplants have been performed following traumatic defects, and one was performed following a total penectomy from squamous cell carcinoma. Only two of the five penile transplants remain intact. However, long-term outcomes are encouraging with optimal surgical planning, patient selection, and immunologic compliance. Clinical implications and ethical considerations are discussed.

Summary
Penile transplantation is a novel solution for penile defects not amenable to traditional reconstructive approaches. With an evidence-based surgical technique, potential advantages include improved urinary function, sensation, and cosmesis. While patient selection is challenging, there is an ongoing effort to identify potential candidates. Indications are discussed in this article.
Arachnoid cyst presenting as a neurosurgical emergency: a case report
Authors: Bhattarai Himal B. , Sapkota Shabal , Mandal Prince , Bhattarai Madhur , Pathak Roshan 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Arachnoid cysts are intra-arachnoid lesions filled with cerebrospinal fluid. They account for ~1% of all intracranial mass lesions and are non-neoplastic collections of cerebrospinal fluid within an anomalous arachnoid enclosure.

Case presentation:
The authors report a 35-year-old Arabian male who presented to the ER with a history of sudden loss of consciousness, anisocoria, and right hemiparesis. Contrast tomography showed a large frontoparietotemporal cyst (7.7×5.8×5.4) with uncal herniation and a midline shift of 12 mm. An emergency left FTP craniotomy with an excision of the cyst was performed.

Discussion:
Arachnoid cysts can be categorized as primary or secondary, arising congenitally or due to factors like trauma, infection, or neoplasia. It can rupture, leading to internal bleeding, causing symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and neurological decline. Rapid diagnosis is vital, with cranial computed tomography scans preferred for emergencies. Treatment options include surgical intervention like craniotomy, fenestration, or cyst peritoneal shunts. For uncal herniation, surgery can be successful and results depends on the amount of herniation.

Conclusion:
Although benign, the arachnoid cysts led to uncal herniation when they become ʻtensionʼ cysts. A high level of suspicion is crucial for early recognition of the condition. Timely intervention has shown positive recovery outcomes.
Uncommon presentation: isolated small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma in a pediatric patient; a case report
Authors: Katwal Shailendra , Ghimire Aastha , Joshi Nishant 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance:
A small bowel perforation occurring in isolation as a result of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a rare event, especially in pediatric patients. The unusual presentation and lack of distinct clinical indications can pose a challenge in promptly diagnosing this condition. This study seeks to underscore the importance of early detection and immediate surgical intervention when dealing with small bowel perforations following BAT.

Case presentation:
A 13-year-old girl arrived at the emergency department after falling from a cliff. Initial evaluations, including a physical examination and imaging studies, did not uncover any notable irregularities. Nevertheless, the persistent abdominal discomfort and pain prompted further concerns. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan was performed, confirming ileal perforation. The patient subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy, which resulted in successful surgical treatment.

Clinical discussion:
BAT causes increased intraluminal pressure, leading to blowout perforation of the small bowel. Diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in the absence of immediate symptoms or conclusive radiographic findings. Close observation and repeated examinations are essential to detect delayed perforations. Early surgical intervention within 12 h of injury has been shown to significantly reduce complications and mortality rates.

Conclusion:
Isolated small bowel perforation is a rare occurrence in pediatric patients, and timely diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for favorable outcomes. Diagnostic imaging, like contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, helps identify the condition when clinical findings are inconclusive. Comprehensive counseling is essential for patients and their families to understand potential risks and intervention needs, ensuring appropriate management, and treatment delays.
A case of epithelioid osteoblastoma of the thoracic vertebra in a 12-year-old male: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Zaresharifi Nooshin , Karimzadhagh Sahand , Reihanian Zoheir , Jahanzad Issa , Ashoobi Mohammad T. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance:
Osteoblastoma (OB) is a rare benign bone tumor, representing less than 1% of all bone neoplasms. In contrast to the typical OB, a smaller subset known as ‘epithelioid osteoblastoma (EO)’ exhibits a distinctive inclination for local invasion and recurrence. This rare variant can pose diagnostic challenges, particularly due to its unclear clinical and radiological presentation.

Case presentation:
This study details a clinical case of a 12-year-old boy experiencing pain from a lytic bone tumor located in the thoracic vertebrae (T3–T4), initially suggesting malignancy. Following extensive curettage, histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of EO through immunohistochemical staining. Subsequent follow-up at 3 months revealed the absence of no pain or recurrence of the lesion.

Clinical discussion:
Distinguishing EO from a malignant tumor requires a multidisciplinary approach, considering clinical, radiographic, and histological features that differentiate the two entities.

Conclusion:
The goal of this case presentation is to increase awareness regarding this recurrent tumor variant, which poses diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing it from malignant tumors, including osteosarcoma.
Pseudocystic myxoid liposarcoma of the posterior chest wall – a rare case report
Authors: Shakil Saad , Akhtar Sareema Eman , Zaidi Mahum , Ajmal Rizwan , Alsubai Abdulla K. , Ramtohul Rahul , Akbar Absam , Tabassi Aysa , Tabassi Aylin , Almas Talal 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance:
Liposarcoma (LPS) is a common soft-tissue sarcoma predominantly diagnosed in adults, arising from malignant adipose cells. Among its various subtypes, myxoid LPS (MLPS) stands out as the second most frequent, accounting for ~30% of all LPS cases. This particular subtype typically manifests in males between the ages of 40 and 50 and is commonly found in the lower extremities. Although rare, MLPS may also occur in the head, neck, and infrequently in the back. Chest wall LPS cases are also sparsely reported.

Case presentation:
In this report, we present a case of MLPS in a 69-year-old male patient who presented with a complaint of firm swelling on the right posterior chest wall, which was progressively increasing in size over the past 10 years. The tumour was located in the posterior chest wall on the left side, and further diagnostic evaluation using computed tomography (CT) and MRI was conducted to identify its characteristics and extent.

Clinical discussion:
The use of CT scanning plays a crucial role in differentiating between various lipomatous tumour types, aiding in the identification and classification of MLPS. However, MRI emerges as a more effective technique for detecting microscopic fat compared to CT or ultrasonography, providing valuable insights for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Conclusion:
Surgery remains the primary therapeutic approach for managing LPSs, including MLPS. Adjuvant preoperative radiation is recommended due to its significant sensitivity and potential for improved outcomes. Given the rarity of this presentation and the varied anatomical locations, a multidisciplinary approach is paramount in effectively managing such cases. Medical practitioners should collaborate closely, considering the unique challenges posed by MLPS to ensure optimal patient care and treatment outcomes.
Inhibiting stanniocalcin 2 reduces sunitinib resistance of Caki-1 renal cancer cells under hypoxia condition
Authors: Chu Hezhen , Xie Wenchao , Guo Chuanzhi , Shi Haifeng , Gu Jie , Qin Zhenqian , Xie Yimin 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Our previous study has suggested that blocking stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) could reduce sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) under normoxia. The hypoxia is a particularly important environment for RCC occurrence and development, as well as sunitinib resistance. The authors proposed that STC2 also plays important roles in RCC sunitinib resistance under hypoxia conditions.

Methods:
The ccRCC Caki-1 cells were treated within the hypoxia conditions. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the STC2 expression in ccRCC Caki-1 cells. STC2-neutralizing antibodies, STC2 siRNA, and the recombinant human STC2 (rhSTC2) were used to identify targeting regulation on STC2 in modulating sunitinib resistance, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion. In addition, autophagy flux and the lysosomal acidic environment were investigated by Western blotting and fluorescence staining, and the accumulation of sunitinib in cells was observed with the addition of STC2-neutralizing antibodies and autophagy modulators.

Results:
Under hypoxia conditions, sunitinib disrupted the lysosomal acidic environment and accumulated in Caki-1 cells. Hypoxia-induced the STC2 mRNA and protein levels in Caki-1 cells. STC2-neutralizing antibodies and STC2 siRNA effectively aggravated sunitinib-reduced cell viability and proliferation, which were reversed by rhSTC2. In addition, sunitinib promoted EMT, migration, and invasion, which were reduced by STC2-neutralizing antibodies.

Conclusion:
Inhibiting STC2 could reduce the sunitinib resistance of ccRCC cells under hypoxia conditions.
'Dysgenic fertility' is an ideological, not a scientific, concept. A Comment on: ‘Stability and change in male fertility patterns by cognitive ability across 32 birth cohorts’ (2023), by Bratsberg & Rogeberg
Authors: Sear Rebecca , Townsend Cathryn 
Published: November 2023

Recently Bratsberg & Rogeberg (2023) presented an analysis in
Biology Letters
of how cognitive ability is associated with fertility in Norwegian men. Our concern relates to the theoretical framework of this paper. The analysis is framed around the concept of ‘dysgenic fertility’, which is treated throughout as a scientific theory, but ‘dysgenic fertility’ is not science, it is an ideological concept.
Drosophila Undigested Metabolite Profiling reveals age related loss of intestinal amino acid transport regulates longevity
Authors: Mornement Abigail A. , Dack Rachael E. , Doupé David P. , Clark Rebecca I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAge-related intestinal decline is marked by altered epithelial architecture, loss of barrier function, elevated stress and immune signalling and changes to the intestinal microbiota. Despite this we do not yet know whether age-related intestinal decline impacts nutrient management, a key function of the intestinal epithelium.In this study we have developedDrosophilaUndigested Metabolite Profiling (D.U.M.P.) to assess the impact of intestinal ageing on nutrient absorption/excretion balance. We demonstrate that ageing results in a significant increase in amino acid load in the faecal matter that is largely driven by the microbiota and shortens lifespan. Increased amino acid load is associated with reduced expression of a subset of amino acid transporters. Knockdown of the amino acid transporterslimfastin the intestinal epithelium extends lifespan and confers improved microbial control in aged flies, suggesting reduced transporter expression is protective, preventing cellular uptake of excess amino acids.We conclude that age-related changes to the microbiota are an important determinant of the local nutritional environment, with consequences for health. In addition, age-related decline of the intestinal epithelium may impact its capacity for nutrient absorption. These findings have significant implications for the rational design of anti-ageing nutritional therapies.