bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling large‐scale bioreactors with diffusion equations. Part II: Characterizing substrate, oxygen, temperature, carbon dioxide, and pH profiles
Authors: Losoi Pauli , Konttinen Jukka , Santala Ville 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale fermentation processes involve complex dynamic interactions between mixing, reaction, mass transfer, and the suspended biomass. Empirical correlations or case‐specific computational simulations are usually used to predict and estimate the performance of large‐scale bioreactors based on data acquired at bench scale. In this two‐part‐study, one‐dimensional axial diffusion equations were studied as a general and predictive model of large‐scale bioreactors. This second part focused on typical fed‐batch operations where substrate gradients are known to occur, and characterized the profiles of substrate, pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and temperature. The physically grounded steady‐state axial diffusion equations with first‐ and zeroth‐order kinetics yielded analytical solutions to the relevant variables. The results were compared with large‐scale Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae experiments and simulations from the literature, and good agreement was found in substrate profiles. The analytical profiles obtained for dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and were also consistent with the available data. Distribution functions for the substrate were defined, and efficiency factors for biomass growth and oxygen uptake rate were derived. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that axial diffusion equations can be used to model the effects of mixing and reaction on the relevant variables of typical large‐scale fed‐batch fermentations.
Impact of C‐coding self‐assessment exercises on exam performance: A study in engineering education
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vidal Javier , García‐Beltrán Ángel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Bologna process has brought about a revolution in university studies since, among other things, it encourages continuous evaluations throughout the academic period. This situation causes already depleted teaching teams to have an additional workload, so automatic tools are needed to evaluate the new assignments. In the computer science field, the ideal evaluation technique would be to use automatic code evaluators (i.e., Java, C, C++, etc.). The main objective of this work is to analyze whether the use of C‐coding self‐assessment exercises correlates with an improvement in exam performance. For this purpose, we have collected self‐assessment exercises carried out on the AulaWeb platform belonging to the Degree in Organizational Engineering and Degree in Chemical Engineering, taken in the last 5 and 3 years, respectively, in the course of Programming Fundamentals (Fundamentos de Programación) in an engineering school of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In total, 688 students completed these assignments. The most important results are: (a) regarding the January final exam, self‐assessment exercises have influence on the final grade and (b) regarding the June final exam, there are academic years where students forget to carry out programming problem of greater complexity making a negative correlation between self‐assessment performance and final scores achieved.
Endometrial cancer arising from adenomyosis with unusual manifestation: A case report
Authors: Shahnazari Razieh , Shirzadi Shahriar , Karaji Sina , Mokhles Parisa , Far Mohamad Javad Ghafouri , Maghsudlu Salome 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageEndometrial Carcinoma Arising from Adenomyosis (EC‐AIA) is an unusual condition, primarily occurring in postmenopausal women. We present a rare case of a 34‐year‐old woman with EC‐AIA, highlighting the diagnostic challenges in distinguishing this malignancy from adenomyosis preoperatively. Conventional imaging methods exhibited limitations, necessitating post‐surgery confirmation through comprehensive examinations. The case emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and timely management in such uncommon gynecological conditions.
Stand der Kenntnisse und Technik bezüglich Wasserstoffsicherheit
Authors: Jordan Thomas , Askar Enis , Holtappels Kai , Deeg Sabine , Jopen Manuela , Stoll Uwe , Reinecke Ernst-Arendt , Krause Ulrich , Beyer Michael , Markus Detlev 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Einführung von Wasserstoff als sicherer Energieträger braucht eine robuste Wissensbasis, darauf aufgebaute Werkzeuge zur Auslegung und Sicherheitsbewertung von Wasserstofftechnologien und ein international harmonisiertes Regelwerk. Viele der innovativen Technologien implizieren Wasserstoff bei hohen Drücken und/oder kryogenen Temperaturen, mit denen in verteilten Anwendungen erstmalig private Nutzer in Kontakt kommen. Um überkonservative, teure Sicherheitslösungen zu vermeiden, gleichzeitig aber die Einsetzbarkeit und Sicherheit von Wasserstoffanwendungen zu demonstrieren und die Akzeptanz für die Technologie aufrecht zu halten, muss auch die Sicherheitsforschung mit den Trends der technologischen Entwicklung Schritt halten, oder sie besser noch antizipieren. So beschreibt dieser Überblicksartikel nicht nur den gegenwärtigen Stand der Kenntnisse und Technik bezüglich Wasserstoffsicherheit, sondern auch ihre Weiterentwicklung.
Production of CRISPR‐Cas9 Transgenic Cell Lines for Knocksideways Studies
Authors: Wagenbach Michael , Vicente Juan Jesus , Wagenbach Wren , Wordeman Linda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProtein activity is generally functionally integrated and spatially restricted to key locations within the cell. Knocksideways experiments allow researchers to rapidly move proteins to alternate or ectopic regions of the cell and assess the resultant cellular response. Briefly, individual proteins to be tested using this approach must be modified with moieties that dimerize under treatment with rapamycin to promote the experimental spatial relocalizations. CRISPR technology enables researchers to engineer modified protein directly in cells while preserving proper protein levels because the engineered protein will be expressed from endogenous promoters. Here we provide straightforward instructions to engineer tagged, rapamycin‐relocalizable proteins in cells. The protocol is described in the context of our work with the microtubule depolymerizer MCAK/Kif2C, but it is easily adaptable to other genes and alternate tags such as degrons, optogenetic constructs, and other experimentally useful modifications. Off‐target effects are minimized by testing for the most efficient target site using a split‐GFP construct. This protocol involves no proprietary kits, only plasmids available from repositories (such as addgene.org). Validation, relocalization, and some example novel discoveries obtained working with endogenous protein levels are described. A graduate student with access to a fluorescence microscope should be able to prepare engineered cells with spatially controllable endogenous protein using this protocol. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Choosing a target site for gene modificationBasic Protocol 2: Design of gRNA(s) for targeted gene modificationBasic Protocol 3: Split‐GFP test for target efficiencyBasic Protocol 4: Design of the recombination template and analytical primersSupport Protocol 1: Design of primers for analytical PCRBasic Protocol 5: Transfection, isolation, and validation of engineered cellsSupport Protocol 2: Stable transfection of engineered cells with binding partners
An in‐depth analysis of the polyvagal theory in light of current findings in neuroscience and clinical research
Authors: Manzotti Andrea , Panisi Cristina , Pivotto Micol , Vinciguerra Federico , Benedet Matteo , Brazzoli Federica , Zanni Silvia , Comassi Alberto , Caputo Sara , Cerritelli Francesco , Chiera Marco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe polyvagal theory has led to the understanding of the functions of the autonomic nervous system in biological development in humans, since the vagal system, a key structure within the polyvagal theory, plays a significant role in addressing challenges of the mother–child dyad. This article aims to summarize the neurobiological aspects of the polyvagal theory, highlighting some of its strengths and limitations through the lens of new evidence emerging in several research fields—including comparative anatomy, embryology, epigenetics, psychology, and neuroscience—in the 25 years since the theory's inception. Rereading and incorporating the polyvagal idea in light of modern scientific findings helps to interpret the role of the vagus nerve through the temporal dimension (beginning with intrauterine life) and spatial dimension (due to the numerous connections of the vagus with various structures and systems) in the achievement and maintenance of biopsychosocial well‐being, from the uterus to adulthood.
Artificial intelligence methods for improved detection of undiagnosed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Wu Jack , Biswas Dhruva , Ryan Matthew , Bernstein Brett S. , Rizvi Maleeha , Fairhurst Natalie , Kaye George , Baral Ranu , Searle Tom , Melikian Narbeh , Sado Daniel , Lüscher Thomas F. , Grocott‐Mason Richard , Carr‐White Gerald , Teo James , Dobson Richard , Bromage Daniel I. , McDonagh Theresa A. , Shah Ajay M. , O'Gallagher Kevin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains under‐diagnosed in clinical practice despite accounting for nearly half of all heart failure (HF) cases. Accurate and timely diagnosis of HFpEF is crucial for proper patient management and treatment. In this study, we explored the potential of natural language processing (NLP) to improve the detection and diagnosis of HFpEF according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) diagnostic criteria.Methods and resultsIn a retrospective cohort study, we used an NLP pipeline applied to the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients with a clinical diagnosis of HF between 2010 and 2022. We collected demographic, clinical, echocardiographic and outcome data from the EHR. Patients were categorized according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Those with LVEF ≥50% were further categorized based on whether they had a clinician‐assigned diagnosis of HFpEF and if not, whether they met the ESC diagnostic criteria. Results were validated in a second, independent centre. We identified 8606 patients with HF. Of 3727 consecutive patients with HF and LVEF ≥50% on echocardiogram, only 8.3% had a clinician‐assigned diagnosis of HFpEF, while 75.4% met ESC criteria but did not have a formal diagnosis of HFpEF. Patients with confirmed HFpEF were hospitalized more frequently; however the ESC criteria group had a higher 5‐year mortality, despite being less comorbid and experiencing fewer acute cardiovascular events.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that patients with undiagnosed HFpEF are an at‐risk group with high mortality. It is possible to use NLP methods to identify likely HFpEF patients from EHR data who would likely then benefit from expert clinical review and complement the use of diagnostic algorithms.
Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes with a Tridentate Caffeine‐Based NHC‐Pincer Ligand: Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Photophysics
Authors: Bysewski Oliver , Klosterhalfen Niklas , Jordan Rose , Kletsch Lukas , Winter Andreas , Klein Axel , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA strategy of “greening up” Pt(II) luminophores is presented. For this purpose, caffeine, as a renewable alkaloid and precursor for an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), is incorporated into a tridentate, pincer‐type ligand framework. A series of luminescent Pt(II) complexes, containing the tridentate bis‐NHC ligand and an arylacetylide ligand is reported. The complexes’ electrochemistry and photophysics strongly depend on the electronic nature of the substituent on arylacetylide ligand. The use of bio‐derived ligands represents one important approach to make emitters or sensitizers eco‐friendlier by coming back to cheap, abundant and non‐harmful staring materials for their synthesis.
Stochastic security‐constrained transmission and energy storage expansion planning considering high penetration of renewable energy in integrated gas‐electricity networks
Authors: Farokhzad Rostami Hosein , Samiei Moghaddam Mahmoud , Radmehr Mehdi , Ebrahimi Reza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new formulation for solving the expansion planning of transmission lines and energy storage systems while considering the integration of electricity and gas networks. The proposed model is a bi‐level stochastic planning model. It involves transmission and battery expansion planning at one level, and gas network modeling at the other. The study addresses the impact of high penetration of renewable resources and security constraints on both the electricity and gas networks within the context of network expansion planning. The proposed model is a stochastic mixed‐integer linear programming model at both levels, and its challenging solution is achieved through reformulation and decomposition methods. Two experimental networks are analyzed: a 6‐node network and the IEEE RTS 24‐bus network for the electricity network, coupled with 5‐node and 10‐node gas network systems. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model is highly effective in scenarios where power and gas network lines are disconnected, preventing load shedding even when the integrated network lines are disconnected.
Influence of vegetation‐induced water table seasonality on groundwater chloride concentration dynamics in a riparian fen peatland
Authors: Renaud Adrien , Durand Véronique , Mügler Claude , Marlin Christelle , Léger Emmanuel , Noret Aurélie , Monvoisin Gaël 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeatlands are environments that rely mainly on high water levels to accumulate organic matter. Depending on the chemical species observed, the lowering of the water table can change biogeochemical equilibriums, with various impacts. This paper aims to understand the effect of shallow groundwater seasonality on chloride concentrations in a French riparian peatland by combining water table monitoring, geochemical and stable water isotopes analysis. Water table levels and groundwater samples were recorded and collected for 3 years, every 2 months, in nine observation wells and the nearby river. Chloride concentrations were highly variable in space and time, ranging from 10 to 100 mg L−1. They are shown to be related to the water table dynamics, which are closely linked to the life cycle of the local vegetation. These dynamics were characterized by a significant drawdown between June and October due to plant transpiration and a fast recovering period just after its senescence. Results show that the chloride accumulates within the unsaturated zone during the drying phase and is solubilized back into the groundwater during the rewetting phase, increasing its concentration. Moreover, the water table rises in autumn with various dynamics according to the location in the peatland, which induces some special differences in hydraulic gradients. Such gradients allow lateral transfers from zones of fast recovery to zones of slow recovery, where year‐to‐year chloride accumulation was observed. These complex 3D processes preclude the use of chloride to constrain how the peatland hydrogeological system functions. Conversely, the use of stable water isotopes in this work emphasizes the importance of the river's role during the summer as a water supplier to counterbalance vegetation transpiration.
The diffusion of normal skin wound myofibroblast‐derived microvesicles differs according to matrix composition
Authors: Arif Syrine , Larochelle Sébastien , Trudel Benjamin , Gounou Céline , Bordeleau François , Brisson Alain R. , Moulin Véronique J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrovesicles (MVs) are a subtype of extracellular vesicles that can transfer biological information over long distances, affecting normal and pathological processes including skin wound healing. However, the diffusion of MVs into tissues can be impeded by the extracellular matrix (ECM). We investigated the diffusion of dermal wound myofibroblast‐derived MVs into the ECM by using hydrogels composed of different ECM molecules such as fibrin, type III collagen and type I collagen that are present during the healing process. Fluorescent MVs mixed with hydrogels were employed to detect MV diffusion using fluorometric methods. Our results showed that MVs specifically bound type I collagen and diffused freely out of fibrin and type III collagen. Further analysis using flow cytometry and specific inhibitors revealed that MVs bind to type I collagen via the α2β1 integrin. These data demonstrate that MV transport depends on the composition of the wound environment.
New eigenvalue bound for the fractional chromatic number
Authors: Guo Krystal , Spiro Sam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven a graph , we let denote the sum of the squares of the positive eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of , and we similarly define . We prove that
and thus strengthen a result of Ando and Lin, who showed the same lower bound for the chromatic number . We in fact show a stronger result wherein we give a bound using the eigenvalues of and whenever has a homomorphism to an edge‐transitive graph . Our proof utilizes ideas motivated by association schemes.
Catalyst‐free one‐pot synthesis of 2,4,5‐tri‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles
Authors: Bandivadekar Priyanka V. , Chaturbhuj Ganesh U. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present work emphasizes catalyst‐free 2,4,5‐tri‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetra substituted imidazole synthesis using diversified aldehydes with benzil, ammonium acetate, or amines. Ammonium acetate plays a vital role as a reactant catalyst by dissociating into acetic acid to afford imine and diamine formation to ascertain the 2,4,5‐tri‐ and 1,2,4,5‐tetra substituted imidazoles. The key advantages of the current approach are efficient, greener, eco‐friendly, and facile, with moderate to excellent yield in shorter reaction time at the temperature of 80°C. Ethanol:water as a solvent makes the reaction process eco‐friendly. Overall, the described approach offers a promising route for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of substituted imidazoles, which have a wide range of applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science.
Significance of Normalized Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System for Diagnosing Muscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Liu Peikun , Cai Lingkai , Yu Ruixi , Cao Qiang , Bai Kexin , Zhuang Juntao , Wu Qikai , Li Pengchao , Yang Xiao , Lu Qiang 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundVesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) has been developed for assessing bladder cancer from multiparametric (mp) MRI but its performance in diagnosing muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is suboptimal.PurposeTo investigate associations between normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (NADC) and clinicopathological characteristics and to determine whether the inclusion of NADC can improve the performance of VI‐RADS in diagnosing MIBC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred seventy‐five patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer (101 MIBC and 174 non‐MIBC [NMIBC]) underwent preoperative mpMRI (233 male, 42 female).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, T2‐weighted imaging (turbo spin‐echo), diffusion‐weighted imaging (free‐breathing spin‐echo), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging (gradient‐echo).AssessmentNADC was the mean ADC of tumor divided by that of the iliopsoas muscles in trans caput femoris plane. Associations between NADC and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. Models were established for differentiating MIBC and NMIBC: VI‐RADS model; VN model (VI‐RADS and NADC), Images model (significant variables from imaging associated with MIBC), LN model (Images model without NADC), and Full model (all significant variables associated with MIBC).Statistical TestsVariables for model development were based on logistic regression. Models were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Comparison of the area under the curves (AUCs) for the models used DeLong's test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsNADC was significantly lower in lesions with diameter ≥ 3 cm, MIBC, histological high grade, lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion. Compared with VI‐RADS model, the AUCs for VN model (VI‐RADS score and NADC), Images model (VI‐RADS score, NADC and tumor size) and Full model (VI‐RADS score, NADC, tumor size and histological grade) were significantly higher. No significant differences were observed between the AUCs for VN model and Images model (P = 0.051).Data ConclusionNADC reflects information about the aggressiveness of bladder cancer. Combining VI‐RADS with NADC can improve performance in diagnosing MIBC.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Into the unknown? Explaining management nonresponse after a supply‐base disruption
Authors: Lu Jiachun , Yan Tingting , Browning Tyson R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe world is witnessing more supply‐base disruptions, where multiple suppliers of a buying firm simultaneously experience disturbed operations. Compared to single‐supplier disruptions, supply‐base disruptions create a more uncertain situation for a purchasing manager, yet they can also reveal improvement opportunities. Hence, it is theoretically and practically valuable to understand why a purchasing manager might not be willing to explore these opportunities. Adopting a sensemaking perspective, we investigate how two dimensions of supply‐base disruption severity, breadth and depth, influence managers' perception of disruption severity and post‐recovery action (i.e., suggesting supply‐base restructuring ideas). We conducted multiple scenario‐based experiments with practitioners and triangulated the experimental results with interviews, finding that both breadth and depth have diminishing, positive effects on perceived severity. Interestingly, depth is less influential than breadth. These findings reveal the circumstances under which the severity of a complex, disruptive situation could be misestimated. Our results also show that supply‐base structural complexity (a cue of the task environment) amplifies the positive effect of perceived severity on a manager's inclination to walk into the unknown to propose supply‐base restructuring ideas. These findings provide an explanation for management nonresponse after a supply‐base disruption.