bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Ligand Strategy to Construct Metal Organic Gel Catalyst with the Optimized Electronic Structure for High‐Efficiency Overall Water Splitting and Flexible Metal–Air Battery
Authors: Dong Xinran , Shi Weiyi , Wang Gang , Chen Jinwei , Wang Ruilin , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon‐noble metal catalysts are known for their efficient catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Metal organic gels (MOGs) can be considered as a promising electrocatalyst owing to the diverse physicochemical properties but usually suffer from its poor electrical conductivity and catalytic stability. Here, a FeCo‐MOG is constructed with considerable trifunctional activity. The optimal P‐CoFe‐H3 prepared by using phytic acid (PA) and 2,4,6‐Tris[(p‐carboxyphenyl)amino]‐1,3,5‐triazine benzoic acid (H3TATAB) as dual ligands), exhibits outstanding ORR, OER, and HER activities as well as stability, exceeding most of state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. As expected, the flexible Zn‐air battery applied with P‐CoFe‐H3 as air cathode displays considerable power density, discharge voltage plateau, and cycling stability. Impressively, it is also capable of driving the overall water‐splitting device by applying the P‐CoFe‐H3 as anode and cathode. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal that dual ligands can optimize the coordination environment and charge density of active sites, thereby reducing the absorption energy of intermediate species and boosting the catalytic performance. This work endows the dual‐ligands coordination strategy with great potentiality for MOGs‐based electrocatalysts in energy conversion devices.
Intermolecular Interactions, Morphology, and Photovoltaic Patterns in p–i–n Heterojunction Solar Cells With Fluorine‐Substituted Organic Photovoltaic Materials
Authors: Li Qingduan , Liao Xiaolan , Sun Yun , Xu Yuanjie , Liu Shengjian , Wang Li‐Ming , Cao Zhixiong , Zhan Xiaozhi , Zhu Tao , Xiao Biao , Cai Yue‐Peng , Huang Fei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) processing of polymer solar cells (PSCs), the swelling and molecule interdiffusion are essential for achieving precise, controllable vertical morphology, and thus efficient PSCs. However, the influencing mechanism of material properties on morphology and correlated device performance has not been paid much attention. Herein, a series of fluorinated/non‐fluorinated polymer donors (PBDB‐T and PBDB‐TF) and non‐fullerene acceptors (ITIC, IT‐2F, and IT‐4F) are employed to investigate the performance of LBL devices. The impacts of fluorine substitution on the repulsion and miscibility between the donor and acceptor, as well as the molecular arrangement of the donor/acceptor and the vertical distribution of the LBL devices are systematically explored by the measurement of donor/acceptor Flory–Huggins interaction parameters, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and neutron reflectivity, respectively. With efficient charge transfer due to the ideal vertical and horizon morphology properties, devices based on PBDB‐TF/IT‐4F exhibit the highest fill factors (FFs) as well as champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). With this guidance, high‐performance LBL devices with PCE of 17.2%, 18.5%, and 19.1% are obtained by the fluorinated blend of PBDB‐TF/Y6, PBDB‐TF/L8‐BO, and D18/L8‐BO respectively.
The early Paleocene (Danian) climate of Svalbard based on palaeobotanical data
Authors: Golovneva Lina B. , Zolina Аnastasia А. , Spicer Robert A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe early Paleocene (Danian) Barentsburg flora from the Firkanten Formation, Svalbard, provides a valuable insight into the environment and climate of the Arctic early in the warm Palaeogene prior to the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event. The flora includes c. 50 species of ferns, ginkgos, conifers and angiosperms. Angiosperms predominate and are represented by the families Platanaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Trochodendraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Nyssaceae and several taxa of uncertain taxonomic position. Palaeoclimate parameters, calculated using a new calibration of the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), indicate that Svalbard in the early Paleocene was characterized by a temperate, maritime, humid, seasonal climate with cool mild winters and warm summers. Humidity was highest during winter months. Short‐term winter snow cover and light frosts were likely to have been frequent. The CLAMP analysis yields a mean annual temperature of 10.1 ± 1.98°С, a warmest month mean temperature of 19.2 ± 2.49°C and a coldest month mean temperature of 1.7 ± 3.24°С. The growing season lasted c. 6 months. Precipitation during this growth period was 572.4 ± 296.50 mm, while vapour pressure deficit and potential evapotranspiration indicate very high humidity year‐round, with summer being only slightly drier than winter. Taken together with data from other early Paleocene circum‐Arctic sites, these results point to highly uniform, temperate and extremely humid conditions around the margins of the early Cenozoic Arctic Ocean. This condition represents the warm background condition that dominated in the Arctic prior to the anomalous extreme warmth of the early Eocene.
Numerical heat featuring in Blasius/Sakiadis flow of advanced nanofluid under dissipation and convective heat condition effects
Authors: Adnan  , Mishra Nidhish Kumar , Mahmood Ishtiaque , Abbas Waseem , Bani‐Fwaz Mutasem Z. , Eldin Sayed M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe study of advanced nanofluids termed as Tetra nanofluid is of potential interest now a days. These fluids are upgraded generation of conventional nano to ternary hybrid nanofluids with outstanding characteristics. Applications of this class frequently occur in applied thermal engineering, nano‐lubrication, chemo‐therapy, chemical engineering, oil paint industry, coolant of nuclear plant and many other applied research areas. This study concerns with the development of innovative thermophysical rules for Tetra Hybrid nanofluid and their utilization in advanced heat transfer model. The governing laws updated through addition of thermal condition, dissipation effects, thermal radiations and upgraded nanofluid properties. Finally, the Blasius and Sakiadis model achieved and analyzed the heat transfer trends through numerical technique. Keen analysis of the drawn results show that Blasius model has much ability to transfer the heat than Sakiadis model. Induction of thermal radiations, dissipation effects and thermal convective condition is like a catalysis in the study of advanced tetra nanofluid model and boosts the temperature.
Policies to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Braunerhjelm Pontus , Henrekson Magnus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost advanced industrialized countries today justify their innovation policies on the basis of the dominant knowledge-based growth paradigm—primarily investment in R&D and education, as we saw in Chap.2. However, in terms of how growth policy should be formulated, this provides an incomplete guide which even borders on the misleading. The reason behind this misguided thinking is simplistic assumptions, both about how an economy functions and about the innovation process itself. Innovation is still seen as an exogenous force that can be stimulated through government funding targeting R&D, start-ups, and small businesses, which will then fuel higher growth and increased prosperity.
Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption vs conventional dieting in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tricò Domenico , Masoni Maria Chiara , Baldi Simona , Cimbalo Noemi , Sacchetta Luca , Scozzaro Maria Tiziana , Nesti Giulia , Mengozzi Alessandro , Nesti Lorenzo , Chiriacò Martina , Natali Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption (eTRC) is a novel dietary strategy that involves restricting carbohydrate-rich food intake to the morning and early afternoon to align with circadian variations in glucose tolerance. We examined the efficacy, feasibility and safety of eTRC in individuals with type 2 diabetes under free-living conditions.

Methods
In this randomised, parallel-arm, open label, controlled trial, participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity (age 67.2±7.9 years, 47.8% women, BMI 29.4±3.7 kg/m2, HbA1c 49±5 mmol/mol [6.6±0.5%]) were randomised, using computer-generated random numbers, to a 12 week eTRC diet or a Mediterranean-style control diet with matched energy restriction and macronutrient distribution (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 20% protein). The primary outcome was the between-group difference in HbA1c at 12 weeks. Body composition, 14 day flash glucose monitoring and food diary analysis were performed every 4 weeks. Mixed meal tolerance tests with mathematical beta cell function modelling were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results
Twelve (85.7%) participants in the eTRC arm and 11 (84.6%) participants in the control arm completed the study, achieving similar reductions in body weight and fat mass. The two groups experienced comparable improvements in HbA1c (−3 [−6, −0.3] mmol/mol vs −4 [−6, −2] mmol/mol, corresponding to −0.2 [−0.5, 0]% and −0.3 [−0.5, −0.1]%, respectively, p=0.386), fasting plasma glucose, flash glucose monitoring-derived glucose variability and mixed meal tolerance test-derived glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, insulin clearance and plasma glucagon levels, without changes in model-derived beta cell function parameters, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and non-esterified fatty acid levels. The two diets similarly reduced liver function markers and triglyceride levels, being neutral on other cardiometabolic and safety variables. In exploratory analyses, diet-induced changes in body weight and glucometabolic variables were not related to the timing of carbohydrate intake.

Conclusions/interpretation
The proposed eTRC diet provides a feasible and effective alternative option for glucose and body weight management in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with no additional metabolic benefits compared with conventional dieting.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05713058

Funding
This study was supported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID).

Graphical Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of the cerebral cortex of acrylamide-exposed wild-type and IL-1β-knockout mice
Authors: Fergany Alzahraa , Zong Cai , Ekuban Frederick Adams , Wu Bin , Ueha Satoshi , Shichino Shigeyuki , Matsushima Kouji , Iwakura Yoichiro , Ichihara Sahoko , Ichihara Gaku 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcrylamide is an environmental electrophile that has been produced in large amounts for many years. There is concern about the adverse health effects of acrylamide exposure due to its widespread industrial use and also presence in commonly consumed foods and others. IL-1β is a key cytokine that protects the brain from inflammatory insults, but its role in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. We reported recently that deletion of IL-1β gene exacerbates ACR-induced neurotoxicity in mice. The aim of this study was to identify genes or signaling pathway(s) involved in enhancement of ACR-induced neurotoxicity by IL-1β gene deletion or ACR-induced neurotoxicity to generate a hypothesis mechanism explaining ACR-induced neurotoxicity. C57BL/6 J wild-type and IL-1β KO mice were exposed to ACR at 0, 12.5, 25 mg/kg by oral gavage for 7 days/week for 4 weeks, followed by extraction of mRNA from mice cerebral cortex for RNA sequence analysis. IL-1β deletion altered the expression of genes involved in extracellular region, including upregulation of PFN1 gene related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and increased the expression of the opposite strand of IL-1β. Acrylamide exposure enhanced mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation, synapse and ribosome pathways, and activated various pathways of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and prion disease. Protein network analysis suggested the involvement of different proteins in related to learning and cognitive function, such as Egr1, Egr2, Fos, Nr4a1, and Btg2. Our results identified possible pathways involved in IL-1β deletion-potentiated and ACR-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
Mechanisms underlying treatment effects of vestibular noise stimulation on postural instability in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Wuehr Max , Eder Josefine , Kellerer Silvy , Amberger Tamara , Jahn Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies indicate that imbalance in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) may be reduced by treatment with low-intensity noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS).

Objective
To elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect. In particular, we determined whether nGVS-induced balance improvements in patients are compatible with stochastic resonance (SR)—a mechanism by which weak noise stimulation can paradoxically enhance sensory signal processing.

Methods
Effects of nGVS of varying intensities (0–0.7 mA) on body sway were examined in 19 patients with BVP standing with eye closed on a posturographic force plate. We assumed a bell-shaped response curve with maximal sway reductions at intermediate nGVS intensities to be indicative of SR. An established SR curve model was fitted on individual patient outcomes, and three experienced human raters had to judge whether responses to nGVS were consistent with the exhibition of SR.

Results
nGVS-induced reductions of body sway compatible with SR were found in 12 patients (63%) with optimal improvements of 31 ± 21%. In 10 patients (53%), nGVS-induced sway reductions exceeded the minimally important clinical difference (optimal improvement: 35 ± 21%), indicative of strong SR. This beneficial effect was more likely in patients with severe vestibular loss (i.e. lower video head impulse test gain; R = 0.663; p = 0.002) and considerable postural imbalance (baseline body sway; R = 0.616; p = 0.005).

Conclusions
More than half of the assessed patients showed robust improvements in postural balance compatible with SR when treated with nGVS. In particular, patients with a higher burden of disease may benefit from the non-invasive and well-tolerated treatment with nGVS.
The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension–a cohort study of Swedish men
Authors: Berglund Karin , Almroth Melody , Falkstedt Daniel , Hemmingsson Tomas , Kjellberg Katarina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Understanding the impact of physical capacity in combination with high physical workload could be beneficial for the prevention of health-related exits from work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the separate and combined effects of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload on disability pension (DP) due to any cause, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods
A total of 279 353 men born between 1951 and 1961 were followed regarding DP between 2006 and 2020, ages 45–64. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed during military conscription, using an ergometer bicycle test. Physical workload was based on a job-exposure matrix (JEM) linked to occupational title in 2005. Cox regression models estimated separate and combined associations with DP.

Results
Low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload were associated with increased risk of DP. For all cause DP, the fully adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with low cardiorespiratory fitness was 1.38 (1.32–1.46) and for those with high physical workload 1.48 (1.39–1.57). For all cause and MSD DP, but not for CVD DP, the combination of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload resulted in higher risks than when adding the effect of the single exposures.

Conclusion
Both low cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and later exposure to high physical workload were associated with an increased risk of DP, where workers with the combination of both low cardiorespiratory fitness and a high physical workload had the highest risks (all-cause and MSD DP).
Age-specific effects of density and weather on body condition and birth rates in a large herbivore, the Przewalski’s horse
Authors: Rödel Heiko G. , Ibler Benjamin , Ozogány Katalin , Kerekes Viola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReproduction in young females can show a particularly sensitive response to environmental challenges, although empirical support from individual-based long-term studies is scarce. Based on a 20-year data set from a free-roaming Przewalski’s horse population (Equus ferus przewalskii), we studied effects of large-herbivore density (horses + cattle) and weather conditions experienced during different life stages on females’ annual birth rates. Foaling probability was very low in 2-year-olds, reaching maximum values in 5 to 10-year-olds, followed by a decrease in older females indicating reproductive senescence. Mother’s previous reproductive investment affected her current reproduction; young and old mothers (as opposed to middle-aged ones), which had nursed a foal for at least 60 days during the previous year, reproduced with a lower probability. Foaling probability and body condition of young females were lower when large-herbivore density was high. Reproduction was also influenced by interactive weather effects during different life stages. Low late-summer precipitation during the females’ year of birth was associated with a pronounced decrease in foaling probability in response to harsh late-winter temperatures prior to the mating season. In turn, increased amounts of late-summer rain during this early age together with more late-summer rain during the females’ current pregnancy led to an increased reproductive probability in 2–3-year-olds. These results were corroborated by the ameliorating effects of late-summer rain on body condition in such females. In conclusion, our findings highlight the interactive importance of weather conditions experienced during early life, and of density and weather during current pregnancy on foaling probability, particularly in young females.
The limits of stress-tolerance for zooplankton resting stages in freshwater ponds
Authors: Santos Joana L. , Ebert Dieter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn seasonal environments, many organisms evolve strategies such as diapause to survive stressful periods. Understanding the link between habitat stability and diapause strategy can help predict a population’s survival in a changing world. Indeed, resting stages may be an important way freshwater organisms can survive periods of drought or freezing, and as the frequency and extent of drought or freezing vary strongly among habitats and are predicted to change with climate change, it raises questions about how organisms cope with, and survive, environmental stress. Using Daphnia magna as a model system, we tested the ability of resting stages from different populations to cope with stress during diapause. The combination of elevated temperatures and wet conditions during diapause shows to prevent hatching altogether. In contrast, hatching is relatively higher after a dry and warm diapause, but declines with rising temperatures, while time to hatch increases. Resting stages produced by populations from summer-dry habitats perform slightly, but consistently, better at higher temperatures and dryness, supporting the local adaptation hypothesis. A higher trehalose content in resting eggs from summer-dry habitat might explain such pattern. Considering that temperatures and summer droughts are projected to increase in upcoming years, it is fundamental to know how resting stages resist stressful conditions so as to predict and protect the ecological functioning of freshwater ecosystems.
Noninvasive imaging of rat-derived microglia and its reactivity to inflammatory molecules via acoustic impedance microscopy
Authors: Lee Christine Li Mei , Yap Pey Shin , Umemura Kiyoshi , Shintani Taichi , Kobayashi Kazuto , Hozumi Naohiro , Yoshida Sachiko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Microglia, the brain's immune cells, play important roles in neuronal differentiation, survival, and death. The function of microglia is deeply related to the morphologies; however, it is too complex to observe conventionally and identify the condition of living microglia using optical microscopes. Herein, we proposed a new method to observe living cultured microglia and their reactivity to inflammation via the acoustic impedance mode of a scanning acoustic microscope.

Methods
Primary cultured microglia collected from rat pups exposed to acetamiprid, an insecticide, in utero were observed with both acoustic interface impedance mode (C-mode) and transparent three-dimensional impedance mode (B-mode).

Results
We characterized microglia into four types based on the results obtained from acoustic impedance, cytoskeletal information, and laser confocal imaging. Biphasic acoustic observation using B-mode and C-mode gave us information regarding the dynamic morphologies of living microglia treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (600 μmol/L), which reflects distress signals from inflamed neurons. Acetamiprid exposure induced microglia response even in the neonatal period. ATP stimulus altered the shape and thickness of microglia with a change in the bulk modulus of the cell. Three-dimensional alteration with ATP stimulus could be observed only after biphasic acoustic observation using B-mode and C-mode. This acoustic observation was consistent with confocal observation using anti-Iba-1 and P2Y12 immunocytochemistry.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the adequacy of using a scanning acoustic microscope in analyzing microglia's shape, motility, and response to inflammation.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of a School-Based Intervention for Anxiety
Authors: Brown Gemma K. , Owens Jane , Richards Cathy , Di Folco Simona , Schwannauer Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSchool-based cognitive behavioural interventions for anxiety are found to be effective, but there is a lack of research on their implementation in real world settings. The current study aims to explore the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of a school-based intervention for anxiety through a qualitative process evaluation. Evaluation of the implementation of Let’s Introduce Anxiety Management (LIAM), a six-session school-based cognitive behavioural intervention, was conducted. LIAM was implemented by non-mental health professionals trained and coached on the model. Semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (N = 15) were analysed with grounded theory and framework analysis. Forty-one practitioners were trained and coached on LIAM, with thirty-five children and young people receiving the intervention. Facilitators (e.g. systemic collaboration, self-efficacy and an enabling context) and barriers (e.g. the exclusivity of the intervention and a lack of systemic understanding) to implementation emerged as themes. Implementing school-based interventions is complex and requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders.