bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro caries‐preventive effect of a mineralization‐promoting peptide combined with fluoride gel on sound primary teeth
Authors: Yaşar Merve , Bal Cenkhan , Aksoy Merve , Güngörmüş Mustafa , Orhan Kaan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMineralization‐promoting peptide‐3 (MPP3) is a new biomimetic remineralization agent.AimTo assess the remineralization efficiency of MPP3, either alone or in combination with fluoride gel.DesignThe samples were divided into four groups: control, 1.23% fluoride gel, 10% MPP3 gel, and 1.23% fluoride gel + 10% MPP3. Following the application of remineralization agents (4 min), the samples remained in a pH‐cycling model (37°C, 4 weeks). Microhardness, microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis were conducted. RM‐ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for statistical analysis, and a significance level of p < .05 was employed.ResultsMineralization‐promoting peptide 3 and fluoride gel + MPP3 increased the microhardness of the enamel compared with initial values in each group (p < .05). Mineralization‐promoting peptide 3 successfully maintained the mineral density of enamel, although the cariogenic pH‐cycling and PLM results indicated that the lesion depth (μm) was significantly lower in the fluoride gel + MPP3 group (27.0336 ± 12.53650) than in the control group (37.3907 ± 12.76002, p < .05).ConclusionThe combined use of MPP3 with fluoride gel enhanced the caries‐protective and mineralization‐promoting effects of fluoride. Mineralization‐promoting peptide 3 may be a potential agent that can be employed to improve the physical properties of enamel.
Drivers of gender differentiated self‐employment in developing countries: The instances of finance and information and communication technology
Authors: Uche Emmanuel , Ngepah Nicholas , Odionye Joseph C. , Effiom Lionel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study unveils new insights into how financial inclusion and information and communication technology (ICT) influence self‐employment (aggregate and gender‐specific) in developing countries. The dearth of information in this perspective, particularly in the context of Africa, compels this fresh evaluation. Thus, on account of the annual panel series for 52 African countries from 2005 to 2019, the system‐generalized method‐of‐moments (sysGMM) and the novel method‐of‐moments quantile regression (MM‐QR), the following empirical narratives emerged. First, the estimates of both procedures demonstrate that self‐employment in Africa is self‐exacerbating. Second, the sysGMM demonstrates that financial inclusions could not influence self‐employment substantially; however, the estimates of the MM‐QR demonstrate varying significant positive relationships mostly at the upper quantiles for all categories of self‐employment. Third, the sysGMM reveals that ICT produced marginal positive effects on all categories except women's self‐employment. Fourth, the MM‐QR rectified a significant positive influence of ICT at the lower and middle quantiles for the aggregate, only at the lower quantiles (q10–q25) for men, and at the upper quantiles (q75–q90) for women. Lastly, it was revealed that although unemployment, GDP and inflation rates are not sufficient drivers of self‐employment, energy poverty constitutes a drag for self‐employment in the continent. Overall, the study is of immense relevance to policymakers, practicing and prospective entrepreneurs particularly in developing countries. More policy options have been provided within the study.
A hybrid adaptive iterated local search heuristic for the maximal covering location problem
Authors: Máximo Vinícius R. , Cordeau Jean‐François , Nascimento Mariá C. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdaptive iterated local search (AILS) is a recently proposed metaheuristic paradigm that focuses on adapting the diversity control of iterated local search by online learning mechanisms. It has been successfully applied to the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem. Hybridizing it with path relinking (PR) has further improved the intensification of the method for the CVRP, providing outstanding results. However, the potential of this metaheuristic has not yet been investigated on other combinatorial optimization problems, such as location problems. In this paper, we develop a version of AILS for the maximal covering location problem (MCLP). This problem consists of locating a number of facilities to maximize the covered customer demand, where a given facility location can meet the demand of customers located within a coverage radius. Experiments on large‐scale instances of the MCLP indicate that AILS hybridized with PR, called AILS‐PR, outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art metaheuristic.
Localization of Passerine Seeet and Mobbing Calls by Goshawks and Pygmy Owls
Authors: Shalter Michael D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGoshawks and pygmy owls responded to recordings of passerine alarm calls by correctly orienting to their source. The seeet, or “aerial predator” alarm call which is generally assumed to be “non‐localizable”, while it elicited fewer responses than did mobbing calls, was nevertheless accurately localized by all birds that did respond. The evolution of alarm calls is discussed in terms of efficient prey communication, following Darwin's “antithesis principle”, rather than predator selection for non‐localizability.
Suicide Bereavement and Recovery Patterns Compared with Nonsuicide Bereavement Patterns
Authors: Barrett Terence W. , Scott Thomas B. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This study compared bereavement experiences of suicide survivors with those of other survivors. The primary focus of investigation was upon grief reactions suggested to be unique to suicide bereavement and upon quality of grief resolution 2–4 years after death. Fifty‐seven women and men, between the ages of 24 and 48, who had experienced the death of a marital partner were interviewed. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups by mode of death (suicide, accident, unanticipated natural, and expected natural).Analyses of variance and Scheffe procedures indicated no significant differences among survivors on frequencies of grief reactions considered common to all bereavements. The suicide survivors were significantly different from all others on certain grief measures, including rejection and unique grief reactions. On various other grief measures, significant differences were indicated among the groups of survivors.Four primary conclusions, implications of the findings, and limitations of the study are discussed.
Use of Case Vignettes in Suicide Risk Assessment
Authors: Stelmachers Zigfrids T. , Sherman Robert E. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Thirty‐three brief case histories of suicidal patients were given to 19 experienced crisis workers for 7‐point ratings of short‐ and long‐term suicide risk. The ratings revealed considerable variability, raising questions about the reliability of such global assessments of suicidality. The most consistently rated cases were selected to operationally define “mild,” “moderate,” and “high” risk. Thus, each level was “anchored” by several vignettes. It was hoped that these anchor points would lead to more uniform future ratings among crisis workers.The correlation between short‐ and long‐term risk ranged from near zero for some vignettes to as high as .82 (median = .46), demonstrating the need to rate both separately. Long‐term risk was more difficult to rate, as demonstrated by a larger number of cases judged to be unrateable because of “insufficient information” (94 vs. 53 rater–case combinations).When the anchor vignettes were provided as a guide to the same sample of crisis workers, their ratings of suicide risk, as expected, showed significantly improved consistency.
Holistic approach to ascertain genetic variability and responsive trait selection for different heat regimes of central India via field screening of wheat recombinant inbred lines
Authors: Khare Vikrant , Shukla Rama Shankar , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Pandey Suneeta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh temperature affects wheat yield severely. This study aimed to explore the variation and recognition of heat responsive traits, to enhance wheat productivity in high temperature stress condition. The recombinant inbred lines were developed by crossing of released wheat variety MACS2496 (heat sensitive) and WH730 (heat tolerant). The experiments were conducted into 2 years at three locations of two planting conditions (heat and terminal heat stress). Combined analysis of variance shows significant variations among all the studied traits at individual location, year and planting conditions. The phenological and yield component traits were highly influenced by environment under terminal heat stress condition. Days to heading and thousand kernel weight coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance per cent of mean in heat and terminal heat stress environments. In heat and terminal heat stress planting conditions, tiller number per plant, kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight confirm positive relationship with grain yield per plant by correlation and principal component analysis. Path and multiple regression analysis accomplish that tiller number per plant, kernel weight per spike, kernel per spike and thousand kernel weight were identified as the key contributor towards grain yield per plant in heat and terminal heat stress environment. Thus, all‐inclusive approaches demonstrated that the promising traits deliver a framework to develop heat tolerant cultivars in future.
Viscosity and heat capacity of As2Se3 connected via Adam–Gibbs model
Authors: Koštál Petr , Včeláková Michaela , Málek Jiří 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe viscosity data measured by penetration and parallel‐plate methods for As2Se3 glass and undercooled melt were compared with literature data. The MYEGA equation (log η0 = −4.67 ± 0.12, m = 43.2 ± 0.4, and T12 = 441.7 ± 0.3 K) was used for the description of the selected viscosity data, including melt region (15 orders of magnitude). The heat capacity data for As2Se3 glass, undercooled melt, and melt, as well as for crystalline As2Se3 were determined for low and medium‐range temperature intervals. These data were compared with previously reported data. Equations that describe the heat capacity of As2Se3 in a broad temperature interval were formulated. The values of the standard molar enthalpy, Δ0THm0, and entropy, Δ0TSm0, at T = 298.15 K are 26.202 kJ·mol−1 and 193.8 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively. The heat capacity data determined from very low temperatures were used for the calculation of crystal, glass, and melt entropies. These heat capacity temperature dependencies were used both for the estimation of the Kauzmann temperature (TK = 292.5 K) and the glass entropy at 0 K (S0 = 25.96 J·mol−1·K−1), and for the determination of the excess entropy. The proportionality between the viscosity of the As2Se3 melt and the excess entropy clearly indicates the applicability of the Adam–Gibbs (AG) model.
Facilitated reversible domain switching at multiphase boundary in periodically orthogonal poled KNN‐based ceramics: Strain versus non‐180o domain
Authors: Wu Bo , Tao Hong , Ma Jian , Zhao Lin , Ergu Daji , Luo Li , Wu Wenjuan , Yao Yali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough many approaches have been implemented to tailor the strain in potassium sodium niobate (KNN)‐based ferroelectrics, they still suffer from poor strain compared to shape memory alloys and giant magnetostrictive materials. Herein, a strategy of periodic orthogonal poling is implemented in KNN‐based ceramics with multiphase boundaries, and the correlation between the amount of non‐180° domain and strain is established, revealing that the mechanisms of interfacial stresses facilitate reversible domain switching during the periodic orthogonal poling. Owing to the self‐generated interfacial stresses between the adjacent regions with different poling directions, an enhanced strain benefits from non‐180° domain switching, which is reversible during periodic orthogonal poling. The enhancement in strain decreases from O‐T to R‐O‐T to the R‐T phase boundary, which corresponds to the different quantity of the non‐180° domain, indicating that a large amount of non‐180° domains can further boost high strain under periodic orthogonal poling. Notably, a slight frequency‐dependent strain was observed across the frequency range of 1‒50 Hz. Therefore, an ideal strain can be further induced by enhancing the amount of reversible non‐180° domain switching in the multiphase boundary during periodic orthogonal poling, which can serve as a guide for the design of high‐performance KNN materials.
Israeli social workers' recommendations on residential settings for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Werner Shirli , Holler Roni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have the right to live in the community. As social workers have an important role in decisions regarding residential settings, this study examined their recommendations regarding residential living arrangements of individuals with intellectual disabilities.MethodUsing a factorial survey approach 174 social workers were presented with true‐to‐life vignettes and asked to provide their recommendations regarding housing in community apartments, hostels (large group homes) and meonot (large institutions).ResultsHigher likelihood of recommending housing in a community apartment was associated with mild intellectual disability, lack of daily support needs, no sexual abuse history, and stated preference for a community apartment. Social workers' experience in working in a specific residential setting was associated with recommending it.ConclusionsOngoing training on rights‐based ethics and the importance of community inclusion should be provided to social workers. Further, community alternatives should be made available to all individuals with disabilities.
Functional diversity does not explain the co‐occurrence of non‐native species within a flow‐modified African river system
Authors: Mpopetsi Pule P. , Kadye Wilbert T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobally, there is growing concern on the occurrence of multiple non‐native species within invaded habitats. Proliferation of multiple non‐native species together with anthropogenic‐driven habitat modifications raise questions on the mechanisms facilitating the co‐occurrence of these species and their potential impact within the recipient systems. Using the Great Fish River system (South Africa) which is anthropogenically‐modified by inter‐basin water transfer (IBWT), as a case study, this research employed trait‐based approaches to explore patterns associated with the co‐occurrence of multiple non‐native fish species. This was achieved by investigating the role of functional diversity of non‐native and native fishes in relation to their composition, distribution and environmental relationships. Nineteen functional traits that defined two broad ecological attributes (habitat use and feeding) were determined for 13 fish species that comprised eight native and five non‐native fishes. We used these data to, firstly, evaluate functional diversity patterns and to compare functional traits of native and non‐native fishes in the Great Fish River system. Secondly, we employed multivariate ordination analyses (factor analysis, RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses) to investigate interspecific trait variations and potential species‐trait‐environmental relationships. From a functional diversity perspective, there were no significant differences in most functional diversity indices between native and non‐native species. Despite interspecific variation in body morphology‐related traits, we also found no clear separation between native and non‐native species based on the ordination analysis of the functional traits. Furthermore, while RLQ ordination showed broad spatial patterns, the fourth‐corner analyses revealed no significant relationships among species distribution, functional traits and environmental variables. The weak species‐trait‐environment relationship observed in this study suggests that environmental filtering was likely a poor determinant of functional trait structure within the Great Fish River. Modification of the natural flow regime may have weakened the relationship between species traits and the environment as has been shown in other systems.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after negative capsule endoscopy
Authors: Hirata Issei , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Matsubara Yuka , Sumioka Akihiko , Takasago Takeshi , Tanaka Hidenori , Yamashita Ken , Takigawa Hidehiko , Kotachi Takahiro , Yuge Ryo , Urabe Yuji , Oka Shiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough small‐bowel capsule endoscopy (CE) is widely used for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), long‐term outcomes for OGIB patients after negative CE remain unclear. Herein, we defined negative CE as P0 (no bleeding potential) or P1 (less likely to bleed), based on the P classification using CE. We aimed to clarify long‐term outcomes of patients with OGIB after negative CE.MethodsThis single‐center observational study enrolled 461 consecutive patients with OGIB who underwent CE from March 2014 to October 2021 and were followed up for >1 year. We examined rebleeding rates and predictive factors.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐four (49%) patients had P0, and 237 (51%) had P1 findings. Rebleeding occurred in 9% and 16% of patients in the P0 and P1 groups, respectively. Two patients in the P0 group and 15 in the P1 group showed rebleeding from the small bowel. The rate of small‐bowel rebleeding was significantly lower in the P0 group than that in the P1 group (1% vs 6%, P = 0.002), as was the cumulative rebleeding rate (P = 0.004). In the multivariate analysis, history of endoscopic hemostasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 15.958, 95% confidence interval [CI]:4.950–51.447, P < 0.001) and P1 CE findings (HR = 9.989, 95% CI: 2.077–48.030, P = 0.004) were independently predicted small‐bowel rebleeding.ConclusionsOGIB with P0 CE findings rarely showed rebleeding from the small bowel. Rebleeding may occur in patients with OGIB. Patients with history of endoscopic hemostasis for small‐bowel lesions or P1 CE findings should be followed up intensively.
Diploid species phylogeny and evolutionary reticulation indicate early radiation of Ephedra in the Tethys coast
Authors: Yu Qiong , Yang Fu‐Sheng , Chen Ya‐Xing , Wu Hui , Ickert‐Bond Stefanie M. , Wang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReconstructing a robust species phylogeny and disentangling the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the gymnosperm genus Ephedra, which has a large genome and rich polyploids, remain a big challenge. Here we reconstructed a transcriptome‐based phylogeny of 19 diploid Ephedra species, and explored evolutionary reticulations in this genus represented by 50 diploid and polyploid species, using four low‐copy nuclear and nine plastid genes. The diploid species phylogeny indicates that the Mediterranean species diverged first, and the remaining species split into three clades, including the American species (Clade A), E. rhytidosperma, and all other Asian species (Clade B). The single‐gene trees placed E. rhytidosperma sister to Clade A, Clade B, or Clades A + B in similar proportions, suggesting that radiation and gene flow likely occurred in the early evolution of Ephedra. In addition, reticulate evolution occurred not only among the deep nodes, but also in the recently evolved South American species, which further caused difficulty in phylogenetic reconstruction. Moreover, we found that allopolyploid speciation was pervasive in Ephedra. Our study also suggests that Ephedra very likely originated in the Tethys coast during the late Cretaceous, and the South American Ephedra species have a single origin by dispersal from Mexico or North America.
Tlx1 regulates acinar and duct development in mouse salivary glands
Authors: Hand Arthur R. , Abramson Cailyn X. G. , Dressler Keith A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTlx1 encodes a transcription factor expressed in several craniofacial structures of developing mice. The role of Tlx1 in salivary gland development was examined using morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of Tlx1 null mice. Tlx1 is expressed in submandibular and sublingual glands but not parotid glands of neonatal and adult male and female C57Bl/6J (Tlx1+/+) mice. TLX1 protein was localized to the nuclei of terminal tubule cells, developing duct cells and mesenchymal cells in neonatal submandibular and sublingual glands, and to nuclei of duct cells and connective tissue cells in adult glands. Occasionally, TLX1 was observed in nuclei of epithelial cells in or adjacent to the acini. Submandibular glands were smaller and sublingual glands were larger in size in mutant mice (Tlx1−/−) compared to wild‐type mice. Differentiation of terminal tubule and proacinar cells of neonatal Tlx1−/− submandibular glands was abnormal; expression of their characteristic products, submandibular gland protein C and parotid secretory protein, respectively, was reduced. At 3 weeks postnatally, terminal tubule cells at the acinar‐intercalated duct junction were poorly developed or absent in Tlx1−/− mice. Granular convoluted ducts in adult mutant mice were decreased, and epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor expression were reduced. Along with normal acinar cell proteins, adult acinar cells of Tlx1−/− mice continued to express neonatal proteins and expressed parotid proteins not normally present in submandibular glands. Sublingual gland mucous acinar and serous demilune cell differentiation were altered. Tlx1 is necessary for proper differentiation of submandibular and sublingual gland acinar cells, and granular convoluted ducts. The mechanism(s) underlying Tlx1 regulation of salivary gland development and differentiation remains unknown.