bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and functional outcome of children with hypothalamic/chiasmatic tumors
Authors: Fouladi Maryam , Wallace Dana , Langston James W. , Mulhern Raymond , Rose Susan R. , Gajjar Amar , Sanford Robert A. , Merchant Thomas E. , Jenkins Jesse J. , Kun Larry E. , Heideman Richard L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe management of children with hypothalamic (H) and/or chiasmatic (C) tumors remains controversial. We evaluated the impact of clinical and neuroimaging parameters and primary therapy on overall (OS) and progression‐free (PFS) survival and on neuroendocrine and neurocognitive outcome in children with H and/or C tumors.METHODSRecords were reviewed for 73 children with H and/or C tumors treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between October 1981 and December 1999.RESULTSThirty‐six patients received irradiation or chemotherapy immediately postdiagnosis and 37 were observed. The 6‐year OS and PFS rates were 86 ± 5%; and 36 ± 7%, respectively. The 6‐year PFS rates for the irradiation, chemotherapy, and observation groups were 69 ± 16%, 12 ± 11%, and 37 ± 9%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, intracranial NF1 lesions (P= 0.015) and initial irradiation (P= 0.056) led to better PFS rates. There was no difference in OS between those initially treated or observed. Mean serial intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were 86 and 86 at diagnosis and at 6 years later, respectively. Patients younger than 5 years old had a lower mean IQ score at diagnosis (79.1) than older patients (96.3;P= 0.003). Patients who were irradiated at diagnosis had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of endocrinopathy at 3 years (P= 0.008).CONCLUSIONSOverall survival for children with H and/or C tumors is excellent. Initial treatment with radiation and the presence of intracranial NF1 lesions were positive predictors of PFS. Mean IQ is significantly compromised at diagnosis, but does not change over time or with irradiation. Overall survival is not affected by initial observation. We recommend observation in asymptomatic patients, platinum‐based chemotherapy in younger patients, and irradiation in older symptomatic patients. Cancer 2003;97:1084–92. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11119
Prognostic implication of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features in patients with anaplastic gliomas
Authors: Tortosa Avelina , Viñolas Núria , Villà Salvador , Verger Eugènia , Gil Juan M. , Brell Marta , Caral Lluís , Pujol Teresa , Acebes Juan J. , Ribalta Teresa , Ferrer Isidre , Graus Francesc 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical evolution of anaplastic glioma (anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and oligoastrocytoma) is variable. Previous studies merged patients with anaplastic glioma and the much more common glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, the conclusions on prognostic factors reflected in part the consequences of an analysis in a heterogeneous population.METHODSTo identify clinical, neuroradiologic, pathologic, and molecular factors with prognostic significance, we analyzed 95 treated patients with a histologic diagnosis of anaplastic glioma. Variables included age, gender, clinical manifestations at diagnosis (seizures, focal neurologic deficit, and cognitive changes), computed tomographic (CT) scan characteristics (diffuse, ring, and no enhancement), tumor location, extent of resection, histopathology, postoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, adjuvant chemotherapy, tumor response, proliferation index (Ki‐67 expression), and p53, p16, pRb, and epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemical expression.RESULTSNinety‐five patients with a histologic diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma (73%), anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (16.6%), or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (10.4%) constituted the basis of this study. Median overall survival was 29 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that an age of 49 years or younger (P < 0.03), postoperative KPS score of 80 or higher (P < 0.007), absence of ring enhancement (P = 0.03), and a proliferation index of 5.1% or lower (P = 0.044) were independently associated with longer survival. The presence of an oligodendroglial component was associated with better prognosis in the univariate analysis (P = 0.009), although this lost power in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSIn addition to previously recognized prognostic variables such as age and KPS score, CT ring enhancement and tumor proliferation index were identified as independent predictors of survival in a homogeneous series of patients with anaplastic gliomas. Cancer 2003;97:1063–71. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11120
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors in the central nervous system following cranial irradiation
Authors: Hader Walter J. , Drovini‐Zis Katerina , Maguire John A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadiation induced intracranial neoplasms are uncommon but well described and include gliomas, meningiomas, and sarcomas. The development of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) following prophylactic craniospinal irradiation has been infrequently reported previously. The authors present four additional cases of PNETs that developed after previous cranial irradiation.METHODSFour patients who had previously been irradiated were determined to have PNETs of the central nervous system characterized by histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. The average patient age at diagnosis of the initial tumors and cranial irradiation was 17 years. The PNETs developed 5, 11, 11, and 18 years after completion of radiation.RESULTSThree patients had posterior fossa tumors, one pilocytic astrocytoma, one low grade astrocytoma, and one malignant ependymoma, which had been diagnosed and treated in childhood. Two of those patients developed supratentorial PNETs and the third a cerebellar hemispheric PNET. The fourth patient developed a posterior fossa PNET following irradiation for a temporal astrocytoma, which was initially diagnosed and resected at 37 years of age. Mean survival was 12 months after diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThe development of PNETs after cranial irradiation may be more common than thought previously and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of irradiation induced neoplasms. Survival after diagnosis of these radiation induced PNETs was short, and this may reflect an inability to provide standard therapy used for primary PNETs. Cancer 2003;97:1072–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11121
Expression of survivin in astrocytic tumors
Authors: Kajiwara Yoshinori , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Hama Seiji , Yahara Kaita , Yoshioka Hiroyuki , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Arita Kazunori , Kurisu Kaoru 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAstrocytic tumors are the most common tumors of the central nervous system. The mechanisms of genetic change of astrocytic tumors have not been understood completely. Recently, survivin has been identified as a member of the inhibitor‐of‐apoptosis family. Survivin expression is considered an important prognostic factor of many tumors.METHODSThe authors investigated 43 astrocytic tumors (8 diffuse astrocytomas; 15 anaplastic astrocytomas; 20 glioblastomas). The authors examined survivin mRNA expression in tumor specimens by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction amplification. The authors analyzed the relationship between survivin expression and other molecular changes commonly found in astrocytic tumors [p53 alteration, overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and bcl‐2 expression].RESULTSThirty‐four of 43 (79.1%) astrocytic tumors expressed survivin. The distributions included 3 of 8 (37.5%) diffuse astrocytomas, 13 of 15 (86.7%) anaplastic astrocytomas, and 18 of 20 (90.0%) glioblastomas. Expression of survivin (P = 0.0057) and EGFR (P = 0.0112) was significantly associated with malignant grade of astrocytic tumors, but expression of p53 (P = 0.1893) and bcl‐2 (P = 0.2552) was not. Furthermore, patients with survivin‐positive astrocytic tumors had significantly shorter overall survival times compared with patients who had survivin‐negative tumors (P = 0.0271).CONCLUSIONSSurvivin expression in astrocytic tumors varies with histologic malignancy and may play an important role in the oncogenesis and progression of astrocytic tumors. These data suggest that survivin has great potential as a therapeutic target in astrocytic tumors. Cancer 2003;97:1077–83. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11122
Evaluation of an instrument to assess the needs of men diagnosed with prostate carcinoma
Authors: Duke Janine M. , Treloar Carla J. , Byles Julie E. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to evaluate a self‐administered questionnaire developed to measure the needs experienced by men diagnosed with prostate carcinoma (the Prostate Cancer Needs Questionnaire [PCNQv1.1]). The PCNQv1.1 was constructed in two parts. Part 1 measures the needs at diagnosis and initial treatment and Part 2 measures current needs.METHODSA random sample of 650 men diagnosed with prostate carcinoma who were being treated by a urologist of the Hunter Urology Group in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, were invited to participate in the study. They were sent by post the self‐administered PCNQv1.1. Completed questionnaires were received from 385 men. Information provided on 100 additional men was considered ineligible.RESULTSThe principal components method of factor analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation identified eight factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, which accounted for 61.7% of the variance in Part 1 of the PCNQv1.1. Likewise, six factors were identified in Part 2, which accounted for 63.5% of the variance. Internal reliability coefficients (Cronbach alpha) were adequate for identified factors with values ranging from 0.70 to 0.88 for Part 1 and from 0.71 to 0.87 for Part 2. Test‐retest reliability was acceptable with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.61 to 0.78 for Part 1 and from 0.60 to 0.82 for Part 2.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the PCNQv1.1 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the needs experienced by men diagnosed with prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:993–1001. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11156
Positive surgical margins and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence predict disease‐specific survival after breast‐conserving therapy
Authors: Meric Funda , Mirza Nadeem Q. , Vlastos Georges , Buchholz Thomas A. , Kuerer Henry M. , Babiera Gildy V. , Singletary S. Eva , Ross Merrick I. , Ames Frederick C. , Feig Barry W. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Perkins George H. , McNeese Marsha D. , Strom Eric A. , Valero Vicente , Hunt Kelly K. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study identified determinants of systemic recurrence and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with early‐stage breast carcinoma treated with breast‐conserving surgery and radiation therapy (breast‐conserving therapy, or BCT).METHODSThe study population consisted of 1,043 consecutive women with Stages I or II breast carcinoma who underwent BCT between 1970 and 1994. Clinical and pathologic characteristics evaluated included age, tumor size, tumor grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, surgical margins, axillary lymph node involvement, and use of adjuvant therapy.RESULTSAt a median follow‐up time of 8.4 years, 127 patients (12%) had developed an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), and 184 patients (18%) had developed a systemic recurrence. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, tumor size greater than 2 cm, positive lymph nodes, lack of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, and positive margins (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐12.3; P = 0.034) were predictors of systemic recurrence. When IBTR was added into the model, adjuvant therapy and surgical margins were not independent predictors; however, IBTR was an independent predictor of systemic recurrence (IBTR vs. no IBTR; OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.1‐12.3; P < 0.001). The 10 year DSS rate after BCT was 87%. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the following factors were independent predictors of poor DSS: tumor size greater than 2 cm (vs. ≤ 2 cm; relative risk [RR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.3; P = 0.010), negative progesterone receptor status (vs. positive; RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐5.1; P = 0.003), positive margins (vs. negative; RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4‐11.5; P = 0.011), and IBTR (vs. no IBTR; RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.8‐11.0; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPositive surgical margins and IBTR are predictors of systemic recurrence and disease‐specific survival after BCT. Aggressive local therapy is necessary to ensure adequate surgical margins and to minimize IBTR. Cancer 2003;97:926–33. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11222
An estimation of software reliability models based on EM algorithm
Authors: Okamura Hiroyuki , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Dohi Tadashi , Osaki Shunji 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a new estimation method is proposed for the model parameters of a software reliability model based on the EM (Expectation‐Maximization) principle. The debugging of the software including finite faults can be described by a generalized order statistics model. The generalized order statistics model is expressed by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) and the maximum likelihood method can usually be used for estimation of model parameters. However, since in this method the simultaneous logarithmic likelihood equation is numerically solved, it is not always effective from the viewpoints of algorithm stability and computation effort.The EM algorithm proposed here is a simple iteration method, which consists of several updating equations. The algorithm can accurately and stably obtain the maximum likelihood estimates. In this paper, specific EM algorithms are also derived for the cases where the occurrence of a software failure follows the exponential distribution, second‐order Erlang distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Pareto distribution, and log normal distribution. Further, by using real data, the EM algorithm is compared with the method based on the simultaneous logarithmic likelihood equation in terms of the stability of the solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(6): 29–37, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10058
New Insight into the Mechanism of the Conjugate Addition of Benzenethiol to Cyclic and Acyclic Enones and of the Corresponding Uranyl−Salophen‐Catalysed Version
Authors: van Axel Castelli Valeria , Dalla Cort Antonella , Mandolini Luigi , Reinhoudt David N. , Schiaffino Luca 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA thorough kinetic investigation of the triethylamine‐catalysed addition of benzenethiol to 2‐cyclopenten‐1‐one in chloroform shows that the highest energy transition state is a complex of thiol, enone, and base in a 1:1:1 ratio, but whether formation or disruption of the enolate−triethylammonium ion‐pair intermediate is rate‐limiting is uncertain. Intervention of a second thiol molecule in the assembly of the transition‐state complex is ruled out, at least at thiol concentrations not exceeding 0.1−0.2M. Thiol addition is accelerated significantly by uranyl−salophen complex1and its diphenyl derivative2. The complicated kinetics are described to high precision by means of ad hoc integrated rate equations in which associations to the metal catalyst of the enone reactant and addition product are taken into account. The kinetics are consistent with a four‐body transition‐state complex, whose formation results from the reaction of a (weak) thiol−base complex with a (strong) enone−uranyl−salophen complex. Open‐chain and cyclic enones react at similar rates and respond to the presence of metal catalyst in much the same way. The relative catalytic efficiencies of ethyldimethylamine, triethylamine, and quinuclidine are determined essentially by differences in base strength, rather than steric bulk, in both the presence and absence of a metal complex. Only with the use of the relatively bulky Hünig’s base is an adverse steric influence apparent, which is particularly severe in the reaction catalysed by the sterically demanding2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Direct Access to Furanosidic Eight‐Membered Ulosonic Esters from cis‐α,β‐Epoxy Aldehydes
Authors: Sugisaki Claudia H. , Ruland Yvan , Baltas Michel 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDirect access to bicyclic precursors of octulosonic acids is achieved by treatment of differentially (or not) protected γ,δ‐bis(silyloxy) cis‐α,β‐epoxy aldehydes with ethyl 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)‐2‐propenoate in the presence of boron trifluoride−diethyl ether. An X‐ray crystallographic structure of a bicycle (compound 33a) was obtained and used to determine the absolute configurations of the different stereogenic centers and thus the diastereoselective preference of the aldol reaction (syn) and the regioselectivity of the epoxide ring‐opening (C‐6 atom). Functionalization and opening of the bicyclic compound to afford octulosonic analogues in their furanoside forms was studied. An octulosonic 8‐phosphate analogue has been synthesized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Asymmetric Synthesis of a New Helix‐Forming β‐Amino Acid: trans‐4‐Aminopiperidine‐3‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Schinnerl Marina , Murray Justin K. , Langenhan Joseph M. , Gellman Samuel H. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe report a synthesis of a protected derivative of trans‐4‐aminopiperidine‐3‐carboxylic acid (APiC). The route provides either enantiomer. All intermediates are purified by crystallization, and large‐scale preparation is therefore possible. An analogous route provides either enantiomer of trans‐2‐aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC). We have previously shown that β‐peptide oligomers containing ACHC adopt a helical conformation defined by 14‐membered C=O(i)···H−N(i − 2) hydrogen bonds (“14‐helix”). Here we show that APiC residues can be incorporated into the 14‐helix. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A Stereoselective Synthesis of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Cyclic β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Perlmutter Patrick , Rose Mark , Vounatsos Filisaty 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe cyclic β‐amino acids 1 and 2 have been prepared in a short and stereoselective manner. The synthesis features a diastereoselective thioester enolate/imine condensation reaction and a ring‐closing metathesis as key processes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Poly(Ferrocenylalkylammonium): A Molecular Electrode Material for Dihydrogenphosphate Sensing
Authors: Reynes Olivier , Royal Guy , Chaînet Eric , Moutet Jean‐Claude , Saint‐Aman Eric 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBy virtue of strong ion‐paring interactions that are reinforced following oxidation of ferrocene moieties to ferrocenium form, films synthesized by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole‐containing (ferrocenylmethyl)trialkylammonium cations are able to electrochemically sense the dihydrogenphosphate anion in organic electrolytes. Strong and selective affinity of these cationic polymer films towards H2PO4− was evidenced from FT‐IR and EQCM experiments. Clear two‐wave differential pulse voltammetry features allow the amperometric titration of this anion.
Retention modeling and resolution optimization for a group ofN‐phenylpyrazole derivatives in micellar electrokinetic chromatography using empirical and physicochemical models
Authors: García‐Ruiz Carmen , Jiménez Olga , Marina Maria L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe optimization of the separation resolution for a group ofN‐phenylpyrazole derivatives in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) as a function of the separation buffer composition (surfactant and organic modifier concentration) has been performed. In order to achieve our purpose, the first step has been the prediction of the migration times of the electroosmotic flow (t0) and micelles (tm), and the retention factors of solutes (k), as a function of surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and alcohol (n‐propanol orn‐butanol) concentrations, by means of empirical equations. Also, some physicochemical models have been applied to relate the retention factors to the surfactant and the organic modifier concentrations in order to optimize the separation resolution and to increase our knowledge of the separation process. Finally, a comparison of the resolution optimization through the use of the physicochemical and empirical models selected has been made in order to obtain the optimum separation buffer composition for the separation of a group of 17N‐phenylpyrazole derivatives as test solutes.
Synergistic effects of ion‐pairing in the enantiomeric separation of basic compounds with cyclodextrin derivatives in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Servais Anne‐Catherine , Fillet Marianne , Abushoffa Adel M. , Hubert Philippe , Crommen Jacques 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe enantiomeric separation of various kinds of basic pharmaceuticals has been investigated in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) systems using an ion‐pairing reagent in combination with cyclodextrins (CDs). The simultaneous addition to the methanolic background electrolyte (BGE) of (+)‐S‐camphorsulfonate or alkanesulfonates and an anionic β‐cyclodextrin derivative, heptakis(2,3‐dimethyl‐6‐sulfato)‐β‐cyclodextrin (HDMS‐β‐CD), led to partial or complete enantioresolution in most cases. In the absence of ion‐pairing reagent, the enantiomeric resolution obtained with this CD derivative was most often completely lost or strongly reduced, indicating the important role of ion‐pairing in the chiral recognition mechanism in these NACE systems. The influence of the nature and concentration of the counterion and the anionic CD derivative on the enantioseparation of basic compounds was studied. Synergistic effects between these two kinds of charged additives were clearly observed.
Mathematical modelling of adsorption and transport processes in capillary electrochromatography: Open‐tubular geometry
Authors: Pačes Martin , Kosek Juraj , Marek Miloš , Tallarek Ulrich , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA mathematical modelling approach for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography is presented. The spatially one‐dimensional model takes into account (i) a coupling of (non)linear adsorption of positively or negatively charged analyte molecules (at a negatively charged capillary inner surface) with the equilibrium electrokinetics at this solid‐liquid interface, (ii) mobile phase transport by electroosmosis and pressure‐driven flow, as well as (iii) transport of species by electrophoresis and molecular diffusion. Under these conditions the local zeta‐potential and electroosmotic mobility become a function of the concentration of the charged analyte. The resulting inhomogeneity of electroosmotic flow through the capillary produces a compensating pore pressure as requirement for incompressible mobile phase flow (i.e., for constant volumetric flow along the capillary). The results of the simulations are discussed in view of the surface‐to‐volume ratio of the capillary lumen, the analyte concentration (in combination with a Langmuir isotherm for the adsorption process), and buffer effects.