bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Edwards Douglas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Power and its association with religious and mythic symbols permeate society. In 1991, as I worked on this book, the Iraqi conflict provided both sides an opportunity to invest traditional religious and mythic symbols with power. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, associated his rule with such powerful military and religious figures as Saladin and Nebuchadnezzar, whose own battles drew on religious symbols. Visual symbols on currency, architecture, posters, and television spots combined religion and the historical and mythic past to bolster the power and prestige of his regime. Similarly, our symbol-laden media portrayed former president George Bush, with head bowed, praying for the allies during church services. The Israeli-Palestinian accords of 1993 saw President Bill Clinton citing passages from the Hebrew Scriptures and the Koran to help reconcile old adversaries. Countless other examples could be cited.
The Power of the Past
Authors: Edwards Douglas R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How are we to interpret the role of tradition in the Greek East? Does a core of inherited cultural traits pass from generation to generation, or do persons symbolically construct the past to speak to the present? Individuals who copied Homeric themes in literature or emulated the sculptural programs of fifth-century Greek sculptors did not receive a static and clearly articulated tradition. Certainly, the artists of antiquity believed they had appropriated faithfully and accurately fixed and immutable traditions. Innovation was viewed with suspicion, if not outright hostility. Ancient protests to the contrary, the particular images selected from the past took on a new life, a new existence, when they reappeared in literature, sculpture, art, and architecture. These individuals reinvented tradition.
Nature and Object of Faith
Authors: Avery Dulles S J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The term “faith” is frequently used in a generic sense without any religious or theological significance. Philosophers and others use it to mean the acceptance as true or real of anything that is not immediately evident or demonstrable. In this sense faith is an ingredient in virtually all human knowledge and activity. Whenever I read the newspapers, speak about history or science, and in fact whenever I get on a train, eat a meal, or perform many other ordinary actions, I am implicitly making acts of human or natural—that is to say, non-theological—faith. In so doing I may be following a spontaneous instinct, an acquired habit, or a free, voluntary decision. I may be said to be exercising faith in my senses, in my memory, in the reliability of a machine, or in the competence and integrity of other persons.
The term “faith” is especially appropriate in the case of firm beliefs involving implicit trust in another person or other persons. Faith in this case is closely connected with love and loyalty. The English word “believe” is etymologically connected with the word “love,” just as the Latin credereimplies a gift of the heart (cordare). Faith normally leads to faithful action, which is a matter of”keeping faith” with persons or living up to one’s commitments.
When a person is said to have or profess a faith, the reference may be to a com­prehensive vision that serves to give an interpretation of life as whole, including a scale of values. For convinced adherents, philosophical systems such as Platonism and ideologies such as Marxist Communism serve as faiths of a quasi-religious type. Faith in the theological sense includes everything connected with the secular meaning of the term. But over and above this, it is a response to God as he acts and manifests himself in the world and in human consciousness.
The Society Of The Muslim Brothers
Authors: Mitchell Richard P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since its first publication in 1969, this book continues to be routinely cited as the standard source for the history of the revivalist Egyptian movement, the Muslim Brethren, up to the time of Nasser. This classic work is now accessible to a new generation of scholars and students interested in the Muslim revival. Professor John Voll of the University of New Hampshire, a leading scholar of Islam in the English speaking world, contributes a Foreword to the paperback edition.
Occidentalism as a Counter-Discourse He shang Controversy
Authors: Chen Xiaomei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout contemporary Chinese history, literary and political texts have often been composed by different and diverse groups of the intelligentsia as deliberate endeavors to promote anti-official discourse. Although impoverished in political power and material wealth, the Chinese intelligentsia has nevertheless been blessed with knowledge and literacy-qualities that have been ingeniously and repeatedly used against the “powerful” status quo. The ability to write, especially as it enables the production of anti-official agendas, points to an obvious advantage of the urban intellectuals over the peasants, the majority of whom have remained illiterate even in postrevolutionary China. Indeed the very act of public writing is itself a form of anti-official Occidentalism and thus a critique of Mao’s antiurbanism, which, as we have seen, is itself a result of, and a reaction to, Chinese Orientalism. Yet the creation of an anti-official Occidentalism by the Chinese intelligentsia for diverse and complicated reasons is more than a coincidental product of its literacy. It was preconditioned by the parameters of Maoist political discourse, which categorized anything opposed to its political dominance as “Western” or “Westernized.” To prevent China from being “Westernized” or “capitalized,” for instance, was commonly advanced as the reason for starting the Cultural Revolution, and for persecuting numerous intellectuals. In this situation, the adoption of an Occidentalist discourse was a strategic move by dissenting intellectuals.
Introduction
Authors: Butin Philip Walker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The construal of Calvin’s “Christian vision “1 developed in this book is one in which the divine-human relationship is understood according to a pervasively trinitarian paradigm.2 In my view this is an obvious way of interpreting the Genevan Reformer’s thought that unfortunately-for reasons I will detail in Chapter 1-has been over-looked consistently throughout the history of Calvin studies.
Biblical and Catholic Priorities in Calvin’s Trinitarian Paradigm for the Divine-Human Relationship
Authors: Butin Philip Walker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our overarching purpose to this point has been to substantiate the hypothesis that Calvin’s understanding of God’s redemptive relationship with humanity was perva-sively “trinitarian. “ In so doing, however, we are not suggesting that he made a cal-culated effort to construct a dogmatic understanding of the divine-human relation-ship by careful logical inference from the classic patristic formulations of the doctrine. If we may speak-for the sake of making this point-in scholastic terms which Calvin himself studiously avoided, “the Trinity in its external operations “ received a great deal more emphasis in Calvin’s understanding of the divine-human relation-ship than did “the Trinity in its internal relations. “ By definition, of course, the divine-human relationship is the arena of the trinitarian operations ad extra. If Calvin’s chief theological concern was for the former, then it should not be surpris-ing that his doctrine of the Trinity focused on the latter.
Human Response,The Trinity as the Dynamic of God’s Relationship with Humanity
Authors: Butin Philip Walker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the reader proceeds from Book II to Book III of the final version of the Institutes, a discernable shift of emphasis is evident. The theological movement of Book II re-flects the trinitarian pattern of the divine-human relationship, with emphasis on the Son and the second article of the creed. The theological movement of Book III, how-ever, focuses attention on the way the Trinity is the dynamic of the divine-human relationship, with emphasis on the Spirit and the third article of the creed. In 1559 Institutes 1.13.19, Calvin had interpreted the scriptures as attributing to the Spirit the “power and efficacy “ of God’s external operation. It is no surprise, then, that where divine empowerment, enablement, or efficacy are at issue, Calvin characteristically appeals to the Holy Spirit.1 But Book III, with its unexpected title, “The Way in Which We Receive the Grace of Christ: What Benefits Come to Us from It, and What Effects Follow, “2 appears to shift attention to the human side of the divine-human relationship; the human recep-tion and appropriation of what God has done in Christ. Thus, the relationship be-tween God’s action and the human action of Christian believers takes center stage. In its perichoretically trinitarian focus on the Holy Spirit as the divine dynamic of authentic human response, Book III explores profoundly-if not often overtly-the way in which, for Calvin, God’s gracious action in us can also and at the same time via the Trinity be authentically human response.
Baptism, Trinity, and Comprehensiveness
Authors: Butin Philip Walker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 7 we saw how Calvin’s trinitarian understanding of the divine-human relationship reinforced a profound concern for the “visibility of grace “ as it took expression in the corporeal context of the visible church. This concern came to further expression in his trinitarian understanding of baptism. In particular, Calvin saw an intrinsic connection between trinitarian baptism and the long catholic tradition of comprehensive catechesis of the baptized in Christian worship, doctrine, and practice. Through this connection of baptism and catechesis, trinitarian baptism was understood as a visible reflection of the comprehensiveness of God’s grace for each aspect of the Christian life.
Agatha Christie (1890–1976)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the locked-room mystery occurs on board ship, it is more accurately termed a locked-cabin crime. Agatha Christie presents one such puzzle to Hercule Poirot in “Problem at Sea,” a story concerning the death of a rich and disagreeable woman who belittles her apparently devoted husband, leaving everyone wondering why he doesn’t “take a hatchet to her.” In most puzzle-centered mysteries, in both short stories and novels, the corpse is discovered early on. The rest of the story concerns the sleuth’s activities in solving the mystery. In “Problem at Sea,” Christie spends more time setting up the trick than in solving it. Behaving like a good conjurer, she presents all that is needed to see the solution while causing observers to look upon the evidence in a misleading manner. Once the solution is revealed, the clues that the audience has already seen suddenly form a new pattern requiring little explanation.
Georges Simenon (1903–1989)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Belgian-born Georges Ooseph Christian) Simenon was the son of an account ant and a frustrated social climber. Throughout his writing career, he used the tensions that he saw in his parents’ marriage as a foundation for a view that prized the solid values of the petite bourgeoisie and denigrated social pretensions as ultimately leading to disillusionment. When he was sixteen years old, with his father seriously ill, Simenon left school in order to support his struggling family. He tried his hand at two jobs before he found success in news paper work. Within a year he published his first novel, Au pant des arches (1921 ), and his fantastically prolific career was launched. In 1929 he wrote his first work centering on Chief Inspector of the Police Judicaire, Jules Maigret, “Pietr-le-Letton” (1931; The Strange Case of Peter the Lett, 1933), and wrote nineteen more between 1930 and 1934. He is said to have written one romance novel in a single morning and a thousand stories in a three-year period. Typically, he spent three to five days writing a novel. Simenon re counted his writing and living habits in Memoires intimes (1981; Intimate Memoirs, 1984), a controversial book that discusses his two failed marriages, boasts about his sexual exploits, and speculates about the suicide of his daughter.
Catherine Aird (1930–)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the first sentence in Catherine Aird’s “The Man Who Rowed for the Shore,” the reader knows whodunit. The interest in this little tale of a murder’s aftermath can be summarized in the question, “Will he get away with it?” and in the author’s impeccable craftsmanship and wit. Close examination of Aird’s story reveals the author’s marvelous sense of timing, which shows a wicked sense of humor and also anchors a perfectly executed plot. The comic yet poignant action centers upon a murderous husband, a handful of his late wife’s relatives, and their efforts to dispose of the deceased’s ashes in as dignified a manner as is possible.
Janwillem Van De Wetering (1931–)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the title’s playful tone, “Messing About in Boats” by Janwillem van de Wetering bears little resemblance to Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows, from which the title is derived. Cultures and personalities clash with murderous result during a boating outing taken by a Dutch professor of philosophy and his all-too-devoted Japanese secretary. This piece is an excellent example of the author’s preoccupation with character and the missed connections that can spark explosive situations. Van de Wetering draws upon his acquaintanceship with Japan, where he lived for a year while studying Zen Buddhism in a Kyoto monastery.
Chris Rippen (1940–)
Authors: Herbert Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finally, the editor has the pleasure of introducing a new discovery to English speaking readers. Written especially for this volume, “Ferry Noir” is the work of Chris Rippen, a Dutch writer well-established in his native Netherlands and in Germany, where his work appears in translation. This is his first story published in English. Rippen was born during World War II in Haarlem in the Netherlands, where he spent his boyhood and youth. He recalls his hometown, located in the western part of his country near the North Sea, as a place famous for its historical center, magnificent pipe organs, and nearby blooming bulb fields. He also retains “less sharp memories of German soldiers in the streets, fire, an execution in the neighborhood.” His first published novel, Sporen (1987), uses themes of resistance and betrayal during that time.
Orallty, Literacy, and African Literature
Authors: Irele F Abiola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There seems little doubt that the attention devoted to the oral tradition in Africa in recent times has contributed in no small way to the renewed scholarly interest in the question of orality and its relation to literacy. It is of course true that the study of African oral forms has itself benefited from a preexisting climate of scholarly endeavor so that such research could be undertaken with seriousness. In this respect, it is worth men tioning two specific factors that were conducive to such a climate and thus facilitated the extensive consideration of African orality as a cultural phenomenon. First, the development of structural linguistics, in both its Saussurian formulation and its North American variant associated with Leonard Bloomfield, drew attention to the oral basis of language and all but made this fact into an orthodox precept of linguistic investigation.
African letters
Authors: Irele F Abiola 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the introduction to the first edition of his collection of tales (published in 1947), the late Birago Diop explains the circumstance in which he came to produce the work that has secured for him an enduring place in the corpus of modern African literature. Ascribing the tales to the family griot, Amadou Koumba, Diop downplays his own participation in their composition; he makes the modest claim that his role was limited to transcribing the tales as he heard them from the griot in their original versions in Wolof and translating them into French so as to make them accessible to a wider audience of readers. It is this condition of their gen eration as written texts that is reflected in the titles of the first two collections, Les contes d’Amadou Koumba and Les nouveaux contes d’Amadou Koumba. The griot’s name is conjoined to the material that Diop presents as a way of insisting upon its true provenance.
At the Front Lines of the Revolution: East Germany’s Churches Give Sanctuary and Succor to the Purveyors of Change
Authors: Steele David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Berlin Wall was intended to cement the division of Germany into East and West. Throughout the Cold War, as East Germany struggled to maintain a separate identity, its citizens watched their brethren across the wall develop one of the world’s premier democracies. The advent of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of glasnost and perestroika in the mid-1980s, however, raised hopes that the freedom and prosperity of the West might one day be replicated in the East. Theoretically, atheism, as a major tenet of communism, should have rendered religion obsolete in the Eastern bloc. Instead, the churches in East Germany not only flourished in their own right but were positioned to play a critical role in the revolution to come.
Faith at the Ramparts: The Philippine Catholic Church and the 1986 Revolution
Authors: Wooster Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three centuries of Spanish domination of the Philippines were followed by American rule in the first half of the twentieth century, which set the stage for an era of close ties with the United States. Throughout the Cold War, two U.S. military bases there served as key assets and critical links to Asia. But the Philippines was unable to match the economic dynamism of its regional neighbors. The authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos, who came to power in 1965, failed to achieve equitable economic growth and political stability. Population growth, poverty, and the lack of land reform, together with a communist insurgency, produced massive social discontent that by the mid-1980s made Marcos’s hold on power increasingly tenuous.
Introduction
Authors: Spoo Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The word “history” reverberates throughout Ulysses like the laugh ofa ghost. Fiercely contested and continually appropriated, it can probably lay claim to more transformations than the protean dog Stephen Dedalus watches on Sandymount Strand. The Englishman Haines observes with imperial serenity that “it seems history is to blame” for his nation’s treatment of Ireland (1.649), while Stephen complains that “history ... is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake” (2.377). Mr. Deasy, the prating, imperturbable Orangeman, affirms that history moves “towards one great goal, the manifestation of God” (2.381), but the outsider Leopold Bloom, bearding the superpatriotic Citizen in his gloryhole, offers a less sanguine opinion: “Persecution ... all the history of the world is full ofit Force, hatred, history, all that. That’s not life for men and women, insult and hatred” (12.1417, 1481-82). A provocatively complex word whenever Joyce uses it, “history” carries an especially heavy, shifting freight of meaning in Ulysses that makes it the verbal counterpart of Stephen, who personally labors under the burden of the past.
The Workings of The Cynical Public Mind
Authors: Cappella Joseph N , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Research we presented in Chapters 6 and 7 focused on learning from news in the broadest sense—learning explicit information, both substantive and strategic, and acquiring implicit, unintended information in the form of cynical judgments of mistrust. The model we proposed in Chapter 4 provides a framework for understanding these effects through processes such as priming, spreading activation, and changes in accessibility (for learning) and automatic trait activation and on-line tallying (for cynical attributions). In this chapter, we provide additional data on learning and cynicism following leads suggested by the framing model of Chapter 4.
In the field experiments of the previous chapters, people were exposed to five days of news—print, broadcast, or a combination over a week’s duration. The effects on learning and on cynicism seem to depend on exposure to a large dose of strategically framed news. The theory set forth in Chapter 4, however, does not assume that dosage is important.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau:Putting the Polis in Command
Authors: Porter Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given the argument I am developing in this book, it should be pointed out right away that what interests me here is not Rousseau but “Rousseau,” not the man or his writings for their own sake but what he has come to mean in the light of his legacy. My focus is on those aspects of his life and work that contributed after the fact to the emergence of a cultural hero of a novel type or normative idea that I am calling “the writer.” I am concerned with a new practice of writing and the self-representations of its first important practitioner, whose influence has been determinative in a number of important ways far beyond the romantic period in which it is usually assumed to have been ascendant.
The Cultural Twilight of Roland Barthes
Authors: Porter Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The epigraph, taken from Barthes’s poststructuralist autobiography Roland Barthes, is significant here because it is clear from the context that he does not mean writer in the sense that Sartre was a writer, or Rousseau before him-that is, “a writer ”-but in the generic sense in which the word is sometimes a synonym for “man of letters.” The regret that Barthes came to express by the year of publication of Roland Barthes, 1975, was of the disappearance from French culture of the very desire to live and write in the way that, earlier in the century, two writers who were very important to him, Andre Gide and Marcel Proust, had lived and written.
Why Should Jews Suvive?
Authors: Goldberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Jewish holiday preceding Passover is Purim. It celebrates one of the best-known stories in the Bible. Virtually every child with even a minimum of Jewish education knows the story, both because it is told each year (ad nauseam) in most religious schools and because practically every synagogue has some sort of Purim observance that children are expressly invited to attend.
Consent to Pregnancy
Authors: McDonagh Eileen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of consent has figured centrally in the abortion debate, as in the right of minors to obtain an abortion without the consent of a parent or parental surrogate, the right of a woman to give her informed consent to abortion procedures, and the right of husbands to consent to abortions by their wives. The one type of consent that is completely missing from the abortion debate, however, is the right of a woman to consent to a pregnancy relationship with a fertilized ovum. Yet identification of the fertilized ovum as the cause of a woman’s pregnancy makes her consent to its implantation the key issue in the abortion debate. It reframes her fundamental right as the right to consent to be pregnant rather than merely the right to choose an abortion.