bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turnarounds
Authors: Furman Jeffrey L. , McGahan Anita M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFor many years, business turnarounds have captured the attention of scholars and fascinated executives. Yet despite their centrality as a business phenomenon, little is known about the prevalence or trajectory of turnarounds. This paper provides evidence on a broad cross‐section of publicly traded companies to fill the gap. The results indicate that since 1987 the financial‐market premium on businesses with very low performance has been higher than the premium on companies with moderately low performance. Since 1993 the premium escalated dramatically, consistent with the idea that investors became increasingly enthusiastic about the prospect of turnarounds. The evidence suggests that this enthusiasm may be unfounded: During the 1980s and 1990s, businesses that experienced an episode of profitability in the lowest quintile of the economy rarely both retained their organizational stability and rebounded to achieve performance in the top quintile. In particular, very low performers that reported financial results as stable entities for 5 years were 3.4 times as likely to sustain their very low performance as to become very high performers. Similarly, only 3% of businesses that posted very high performance after having survived a 5‐year period had been very low performers at the beginning of the period. The paper also identifies several of the exceptional businesses that remained independent, survived, and accomplished turnarounds during the 1980s and 1990s, and shows that the financial markets were not effective at identifying their impending turnarounds ex ante. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopamine transporter density is decreased in parkinsonian patients with a history of manganese exposure: What does it mean?
Authors: Kim Y. , Kim J.‐M. , Kim J.‐W. , Yoo C.‐I. , Lee C.R. , Lee J.H. , Kim H.K. , Yang S.O. , Chung H.K. , Lee D.S. , Jeon B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractManganese (Mn) exposure can cause parkinsonism. Pathological changes occur mostly in the pallidum and striatum. Two patients with a long history of occupational Mn exposure presented with Mn‐induced parkinsonism. In one patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed findings consistent with Mn exposure, and Mn concentration was increased in the blood and urine. However, this patient's clinical features were typical of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Previous pathological and positron emission tomography studies indicate that striatal dopamine transporter density is normal in Mn‐induced parkinsonism, whereas it is decreased in PD. Therefore, we performed [123I]‐(1r)‐2β‐carboxymethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropane ([123I]‐β‐CIT) single‐photon emission computed tomography. Severe reduction of striatal β‐CIT binding was indicated, which is consistent with PD. We propose three interpretations: (1) the patients have PD, and Mn exposure is incidental; (2) Mn induces selective degeneration of presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals, thereby causing parkinsonism; or (3) Mn exposure acts as a risk of PD in these patients. Our results and careful review of previous studies indicate that the axiom that Mn causes parkinsonism by pallidal lesion may be over‐simplified; Mn exposure and parkinsonism may be more complex than previously thought. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Mn and various forms of parkinsonism. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Bilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease: A retrospective study
Authors: De Bie Rob M.A. , Schuurman P. Richard , Esselink Rianne A.J. , Bosch D.Andries , Speelman Johannes D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of bilateral pallidotomy in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Thirteen patients with Parkinson's disease had a staged bilateral pallidotomy if they had severe response fluctuations, dyskinesias, painful dystonia, or bradykinesia despite optimum pharmacological treatment. Assessment scales were the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale (UPDRS), the Schwab and England scale, and a questionnaire on the effects of disability in activities of daily living and adverse effects. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated for lesion location and extension. The median off‐phase UPDRS motor score was reduced from 43.5 to 29 after the first pallidotomy, and it was further reduced to 23.5 after the second pallidotomy (n = 8). The UPDRS activities of daily living off‐phase score improved from 28.5 to 20.5 after the first pallidotomy and to 19 after the second pallidotomy (n = 6). The Schwab and England scale off‐phase score showed an improvement after both procedures, first from 40 to 60, and thereafter to 90 (n = 8). On‐phase dyskinesias were reduced substantially. Eight patients had adverse effects, of whom five had problems with speech. One patient became hemiplegic due to a delayed infarction. Ten patients experienced further benefit from the second procedure. Bilateral pallidotomy reduces dyskinesias. A second contralateral pallidotomy may reduce parkinsonism, although to a lesser degree compared with the first pallidotomy and with an increased risk for adverse effects. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Therapeutic efficacy of bilateral prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease: An open study
Authors: Dragaševic Nataša , Potrebić Aleksandra , Damjanović Aleksandar , Stefanova Elka , Kostić Vladimir S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that both high‐ and low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have antidepressant effects in patients with major depression. We conducted an open study to assess the effects of slow rTMS on mood changes in patients with depression associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten depressed patients with PD (four with major depression and six with dysthymia) received daily sessions of rTMS (frequency, 0.5 Hz; pulse duration, 0.1 msec; field intensity, 10% above the motor threshold) over both prefrontal regions (a total of 100 stimuli per prefrontal region daily) over 10 consecutive days. This treatment resulted in a moderate but significant decrease in scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (33–37%) and the Beck Depression Inventory (24–34%), which persisted 20 days after finishing the stimulation. In parallel, we observed mild improvement (18–20%) of motor symptoms. No significant adverse effects were reported. These preliminary results suggest the therapeutic potential of daily prefrontal low‐frequency rTMS (0.5 Hz) in depression associated with PD. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Camptocormia in Parkinson's disease mimicked by focal myositis of the paraspinal muscles
Authors: Wunderlich Silke , Csoti Ilona , Reiners Karlheinz , Günthner‐Lengsfeld Thomas , Schneider Christiane , Becker Georg , Naumann Markus 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on a 63‐year‐old man with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who developed kyphosis and a severe forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine. A typical feature was an increase during walking or standing and it completely disappeared in the supine position, mimicking the clinical phenomenon of camptocormia (bent spine). In addition to the abnormal posture, a weakness of the erector spinal muscles, local pain, reddening, and elevated temperature of the paraspinal muscles were evident. Creatine kinase was initially elevated, electromyography showed spontaneous activity and a myopathic pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging and bioptic examinations revealed a focal myositis of the paraspinal muscles. This case indicates that camptocormia can be mimicked by focal myositis of paraspinal muscles and must be included in the differential diagnosis, especially when additional symptoms as inflammatory signs or weakness are present. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Descending control of muscles in patients with cervical dystonia
Authors: Tijssen Marina A.J. , Münchau Alex , Marsden John F. , Lees Andrew , Bhatia Kailash P. , Brown Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt was reported recently that specific features in the frequency analysis of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and splenius (SPL) muscles were able to distinguish between rotational idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) and voluntary torticollis in individual subjects. Those with CD showed an abnormal drive to muscles at 5 to 7 Hz and an absence of the normal 10 to 12 Hz peak in the autospectrum of SPL. We sought to determine whether the same abnormalities in the frequency domain are found in complex CD, in which the head is displaced in more than two planes. EMG activity was recorded in the SCM, SPL, trapezius, and levator scapulae muscles bilaterally in 10 patients with complex CD. Frequency analysis of EMG was compared with conventional clinical and polymyographic assessment. The autospectrum of SPL during free dystonic contraction showed an absence of a significant peak at 10 to12 Hz in 8 of the 10 patients. The presence of a 5 to 7 Hz frequency drive showed a significant association with muscle pairs determined as dystonic by means of polymyography (P < 0.005). The neck posture predicted blindly, based on the low‐frequency drive, correlated significantly with the clinical assessment of posture (P < 0.01). Conventional assessment and the results of frequency analysis correlated, suggesting that a low‐frequency drive to neck muscle may be a general feature of simple rotational and more complex cervical dystonia. The pattern of coherence between the EMG in different neck muscles may provide a means of identifying leading dystonic muscles, especially in patients with complex cervical dystonia. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Diet and arterial hypertension: Is the sodium ion alone important?
Authors: Buemi Michele , Senatore Massimino , Corica Francesco , Aloisi Carmela , Romeo Adolfo , Tramontana Domenico , Frisina Nicola 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHypertension is a widespread phenomenon whose ultimate cause is still unknown. Many factors contribute to this disease, and partially for this reason, hypertension responds to different treatments in different individuals. It is difficult to generalize about therapies for general populations. In particular, the role of electrolytes in hypertension varies widely across individuals. This review focuses its attention on sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions in order to investigate whether these electrolytes play a role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and its treatment. Some individuals are especially sensitive to sodium, and changing their intake of dietary sodium may lead to variations in the levels of the other electrolytes. These changes in electrolyte levels can complicate treatments for arterial hypertension in some patients. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 4, 419–428, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10013
A model of a general elastic curved rod
Authors: Ignat Anca , Sprekels Jürgen , Tiba Dan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe indicate a new approach to the deformation of three‐dimensional curved rods with variable cross‐section. The model consists of a system of nine ordinary differential equations for which we prove existence and uniqueness via the coercivity of the association bilinear form. From the geometrical point of view, we are using the Darboux frame or a new local frame requiring just a C1‐parameterization of the curve. Our model also describes the deformation occurring in the cross‐sections of the rod. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A slow‐wave structure with Koch fractal slot loops
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hyo , Kim Il‐Kwon , Yook Jong‐Gwan , Park Han‐Kyu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this Letter, a Koch slot loop in the ground plane has been utilized to obtain slow‐wave characteristics, and its electrical performances are analyzed with the use of the ABCD matrix approach. The validity of this approach has been verified through experimental results, and this technique was then applied to microstrip patch antennas in order to obtain a small antenna size. The cross‐sectional areas of this type of antenna are 47% to 65% smaller than those of conventional square patches. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 87–88, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10381
Simple CAD formula for inductance calculation of square spiral inductors with grounded substrate by duality and synthetic asymptote
Authors: Tang Wan C. , Chow Y. Leonard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis Letter gives simple CAD formulas for the inductance calculation of a square spiral inductor on a grounded substrate, by duality and synthetic asymptote at low frequency. The average errors of the formulas are less than 2%. The formulas also give good physical insights to the layout of the spiral inductor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 93–96, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10383
Two novel methods for analyzing multipath interference in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers
Authors: Mei Jin‐Jie , Liu De‐Ming , Huang De‐Xiu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBased on comparing the analyzing methods in existence for multipath interference (MPI) resulted from Rayleigh backscattering in distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (DFRA), two novel methods are presented. A simple analytical expression is developed in the first method. The evolution of optical powers within each step is calculated by a semianalytical method in the second so that the MPI calculating time can be saved and the precision can be improved. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 109–112, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10388
Optical WDM rings using a smart wavelength routing assignment
Authors: Podcameni Abelardo , Mosso Marbey 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFunctionality is inserted into the physical layer of WDM optical networks in order to provide for an efficient carrier routing and packet‐addressing scheme. No optoelectronic conversions are needed along the network nodes, except at the source and destination nodes. Tuned transmitters or receivers are not used. The ancillary network routing management structure is dramatically reduced, together with the total network cost. Simple and efficient mechanisms to avoid optical carrier modulation inefficiency and data collision are introduced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 121–125, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10392
An equivalent waveguide approach to designing of reflect arrays with the use of variable‐size microstrip patches
Authors: Tsai Feng‐Chi E. , Bialkowski Marek E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn equivalent unit cell waveguide approach (WGA) is described to study the behavior of a multilayer reflect array of variable‐size patches/dipoles. The approach considers normal incidence of a plane wave on an infinite periodic array of identical radiating elements and introduces an equivalent unit cell waveguide to obtain the reflection coefficient. A field matching technique and method of moments (MoM) is used to determine fields in different layers of the equivalent waveguide. Good agreements for the phase of the reflection coefficient between the proposed model and those published in selected literatures are obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 172–175, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10407
A coaxial probe feed model for FDTD
Authors: Mäkinen Riku , Kangas Ville , Lahtinen Janne , Kivikoski Markku 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new FDTD model for a coaxial probe feed based on transmission lines is proposed. Both the metal probe and a material boundary at the transmission line to FDTD interface are accurately modeled. Comparisons with experimental data indicate a significant improvement compared with a previously published transmission‐line feed model. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 193–198, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10415
Application of the preconditioned conjugate‐gradient algorithm to the integral equations for microwave circuits
Authors: Tsang K. F. , Chen R. S. , Lei Mo , Yung Edward K. N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this Letter, both the banded diagonal matrix and the symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) precondition CG techniques are applied to dense matrix equations from the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) to enhance computational efficiency. Numerical calculations show that the banded diagonal matrix preconditioned conjugate‐gradient (CG) technique is efficient only for the discretization along one dimension, whereas the SSOR scheme is efficient for the discretization in two dimensions. Some typical microstrip discontinuities are analyzed and good results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 266–270, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10434
Efficient RCS computation for incident angle sweep with the use of the FMM and MNM techniques
Authors: Ma J. F. , Mittra R. , Prakash V. V. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis Letter presents an extension of a recently developed technique for speeding up the iterative solution of MOM linear equations—referred to in the literature [4,5] as the MNM method—when sweeping the frequency in the content of RCS computation. It is shown that extended MNM is useful for efficient iterative solution of the multiple right‐hand‐side situations arising in the angular sweep problem. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 273–276, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10436
Efficient multiwavelength linear cavity erbium‐doped fiber laser over 1570–1600 nm
Authors: Zhao Chun‐Liu , Yang Shiquan , Meng Hongyun , Li Zhaohui , Yuan Shuzhong , Dong Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA simple and efficient L‐band multiwavelength linear cavity fiber laser was obtained at room temperature by recycling detrimental 1550‐nm band amplified spontaneous emission as a secondary pump source for the unpumped EDF section of fiber laser. The cavity was formed by two linear fiber loops. By changing the states of PCs inserted to fiber loops, stable dual‐ and tri‐wavelength lasers with about 1‐mW/channel were generated at room temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 296–299, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10441
Time‐domain 2D modeling of slab‐waveguide based photonic‐crystal devices in the presence of radiation losses
Authors: Qiu Min , Jaskorzynska Bozena , Swillo Marcin , Benisty Henri 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDevices based on two‐dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are typically realized as 3D structures consisting of an array of holes (or rods) vertically etched through a slab waveguide. The existence of holes in a slab waveguide may induce strong radiation losses to the slab claddings. Exact modeling of devices affected by such losses requires 3D calculations. In the present Letter, with the use of the effective‐index method to account for the vertical confinement and the effective losses method by the nonvanishing conductivity, the 3D modeling is reduced into 2D. It is then shown that good agreement with experiments can be obtained for slab‐waveguide–based photonic crystal devices. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 387–393, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10471
Clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Park Julie R. , Fogarty Shana , Brogan Thomas V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary disease in the pediatric cancer patient continues to pose a difficult clinical dilemma. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is commonly utilized for the diagnosis of pulmonary complications in the immunocompromised child.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed 53 BAL procedures performed in pediatric cancer patients with pulmonary disease between 1988 and 1998 to determine the diagnostic and clinical utility of BAL. Patients who had undergone prior myeloablative therapy were excluded from analysis.ResultsThe majority of patients (83%) had an underlying diagnosis of acute leukemia or lymphoma. BAL yielded a specific diagnosis in 16 patients (30%), including 15 infections and 1 malignant infiltration. Medical management was altered in an additional 14 patients (26%) as a consequence of a negative BAL result. Severe but transient complications associated with the BAL procedure occurred in four patients (8%). Minor complications following the BAL occurred in 21 patients (40%) and included transiently increased oxygen requirement and anesthesia‐related gastrointestinal complaints. The mortality from lung disease in this patient population was 7.5%.ConclusionsBoth positive and negative BAL results contribute to the management of pediatric cancer patients with pulmonary disease. The low incidence of significant complications associated with BAL and the high mortality rate in this patient population support the choice of BAL as an initial diagnostic test in pediatric cancer patients with pulmonary disease. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:175–180. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel double promoter approach for identification of transgenic animals: A tool for in vivo analysis of gene function and development of gene‐based therapies
Authors: Fu Liezhen , Buchholz Daniel , Shi Yun‐Bo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAdvances in vertebrate genetics have allowed studies of gene function in developing animals through gene knockout and transgenic analyses. These advances have encouraged the development of gene‐based therapies through introduction of exogenous genes to enhance and/or replace dysfunctional or missing genes. However, in vertebrates, such analyses often involve tedious screening for transgenic animals, such as PCR‐based genotype determinations. Here, we report the use of double‐promoter plasmids carrying the transgene of interest and the crystallin‐promotor‐driven Green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles. This strategy allows a simple examination for the presence of GFP in the eyes to identify transgenic animals. PCR‐based genotyping and functional characterization confirms that all animals expressing GFP in the eyes indeed carry the desired promoter/transgene units. Thus, the use of this and other similar vectors should dramatically improve current transgenesis protocols and reduce the time and cost for identifying transgenic animals. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62:470–476, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.