bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal duration of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with different risk factors for stage II-III colon cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kuang Ziyu , Wang Jiaxi , Liu Kexin , Wu Jingyuan , Li Jie 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The duration of oxaliplatin–based chemotherapy in high–risk stage II, low–risk stage III, and high–risk stage III colon cancer patients is controversial. To reduce the risk of adverse events (AEs) without compromising efficacy while improving chemotherapy compliance is crucial.

Methods:
We searched Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for articles from inception to 2023.8.8, the main outcomes were disease–free survival, overall survival, chemotherapy completion rates, and AE frequency.

Results:
Six randomized controlled trials involving 10,332 patients were included. Disease–free survival analysis revealed that only the high–risk stage III colon cancer patients experienced better results with the six–month FOLFOX regimen when compared with the 3–month regimen (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15–1.51, P<0.0001). Overall survival analysis revealed that extending the use of FOLFOX and CAPEOX regimens did not provide survival benefits for stage III colon cancer patients (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.9–1.49, and HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.67–1.18, P=0.40). The completion rate of the three–month oxaliplatin–based adjuvant chemotherapy regimen was significantly higher than that of the six–month regimen (Relative risk [RR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06–1.27, P=0.002). Moreover, the three–month regimen had significantly lower AE rates than the six–month regimen (RR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57–0.68, P<0.00001), with differences mainly concentrated in grade 3/4 neutropenia (RR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59–0.85, P=0.0002), peripheral sensory neuropathy at≥grade 2 (RR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.38–0.53, P<0.00001), and hand–foot syndrome at≥grade 2 (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.77, P=0.009).

Conclusions:
The six–month FOLFOX regimen should only be recommended for high–risk stage III colon cancer, while the three–month regimen can be recommended for other stages. A three–month CAPEOX regimen can be recommended for stage II–III colon cancer.
Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse, Obesity, and Vulvodynia in Adulthood
Authors: Blaustein Rachel B. , Parker Christine A. , Haefner Hope K. , Reed Barbara D. , Haefner Jessica K. , Welch Kathryn C. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, obesity, and vulvodynia among adult women participating in a population-based longitudinal vulvodynia study.

Materials and Methods
Surveys assessed health status, diagnoses, risk factors, and screening test outcomes for women with vulvodynia. Associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and obesity, CSA and vulvodynia, and obesity and vulvodynia were investigated. A multivariate model was used to determine if obesity mediates and/or modifies the relationship between CSA and vulvodynia.

Results
Of 2,277 women participating in the study, 1,647 completed survey data on CSA at 18 months, body mass index at 24 months, and vulvodynia over the first 54 months of the survey. Mean age was 50.9 ± 15.8 years. Overall, race and ethnicity were 77.4% White, 15.7% Black, 2.4% Hispanic, and 4.5% other. Five hundred thirty-nine participants (32.7%) were obese (body mass index >30) and 468 (28.4%) were overweight. Physical CSA before age of 18 years was reported by 20.0% (n = 329). During the study, 22.0% (n = 362) screened positive for vulvodynia on one or more surveys. After controlling for demographic variables, both obesity and screening positive for vulvodynia were associated with a history of CSA before age of 18 years (p = .013 and p < .001, respectively), but obesity was not associated with screening positive for vulvodynia (p = .865). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated no mediation of the CSA/vulvodynia relationship by obesity.

Conclusions
Although obesity and vulvodynia were independently associated with a history of CSA, obesity did not mediate or modify the relationship between CSA and vulvodynia in adulthood.
Uncovering Vulnerable Phases in Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Insertion: Insights from an In Vitro Model
Authors: Aebischer Philipp , Weder Stefan , Vischer Mattheus , Mantokoudis Georgios , Caversaccio Marco , Wimmer Wilhelm 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the mechanics involved in the insertion of lateral wall cochlear implant electrode arrays.

Design
A series of 30 insertion experiments were conducted by three experienced surgeons. The experiments were carried out in a previously validated artificial temporal bone model according to established soft surgery guidelines. The use of an in vitro setup enabled us to comprehensively evaluate relevant parameters, such as insertion force, intracochlear pressure, and exact electrode array position in a controlled and repeatable environment.

Results
Our findings reveal that strong intracochlear pressure transients are more frequently caused during the second half of the insertion, and that regrasping the electrode array is a significant factor in this phenomenon. For choosing an optimal insertion speed, we show that it is crucial to balance slow movement to limit intracochlear stress with short duration to limit tremor-induced pressure spikes, challenging the common assumption that a slower insertion is inherently better. Furthermore, we found that intracochlear stress is affected by the order of execution of postinsertion steps, namely sealing the round window and posterior tympanotomy with autologous tissue and routing of the excess cable into the mastoid cavity. Finally, surgeons’ subjective estimates of physical parameters such as speed, smoothness, and resistance did not correlate with objectively assessed measures, highlighting that a thorough understanding of intracochlear mechanics is essential for an atraumatic implantation.

Conclusion
The results presented in this article allow us to formulate evidence-based surgical recommendations that may ultimately help to improve surgical outcome and hearing preservation in cochlear implant patients.
The HIV Open Call on Informed Consent and Ethics in Research (VOICE) for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Digital Crowdsourcing Open Call in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Day Suzanne , Tahlil Kadija M. , Shah Sonam J. , Fidelak Lauren , Wilson Erin C. , Shah Seema K. , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Chima Kelechi , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Chikwari Chido Dziva , Mwaturura Tinashe , Phiri Nomsa , Babatunde Abdulhammed Opeyemi , Gbajabiamila Titilola , Rennie Stuart , Iwelunmor Juliet , Ezechi Oliver , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Many adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 10–24 years old) are excluded from HIV research because of social, ethical, and legal challenges with informed consent, resulting in limited AYA-focused data. We use a participatory approach to identify strategies for improving AYA consent processes in HIV research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
We conducted a digital crowdsourcing open call for ideas to improve AYA consent to HIV research in LMICs. Crowdsourcing involves engaging a group of people in problem-solving, then sharing emergent solutions. Submissions were evaluated by 3 independent judges using predefined criteria, with exceptional strategies receiving prizes. Demographic data were collected, and textual data were qualitatively analyzed for emergent themes in barriers and facilitators for improving AYA consent in HIV research, guided by a socioecological model.

Results
We received 110 strategies total; 65 were eligible for evaluation, 25 of which were identified as finalists. Fifty-eight participants from 10 LMICs submitted the 65 eligible submissions, of which 30 (52%) were 18 to 24 years old. Thematic analysis identified 10 barriers to AYA consent, including HIV stigma, limited education, and legal/regulatory barriers. Strategies for improving AYA consent processes revealed 7 potential facilitators: enhancing AYA engagement in research, involving parents/guardians, improving education/awareness, improving institutional practices/policy, making research participation more AYA-friendly, enhancing engagement of other key communities of interest, and empowering AYA.

Conclusions
Diverse communities of interest in LMICs developed compelling strategies to enhance informed consent that may improve AYA inclusion in HIV research. These data will be used to develop practical guidance on improving AYA consent processes.
Using big data to understand interest in myopia
Authors: Nagra Manbir , Wolffsohn James S. , Ghorbani-Mojarrad Neema 
Published: February 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Popularity of publicly searched myopia terminologies is reported, for example, myopia control over myopia management and myopia over nearsighted or shortsighted. Insights are also provided for searches on specific myopia control interventions. The findings offer an evidence-based starting point for public messaging and communications by clinicians, policymakers, and other industry leaders.

PURPOSE
Public understanding of myopia can be difficult to ascertain for clinicians. Although small-scale studies provide valuable snapshots of data, findings tend to be population-specific and thus difficult to extrapolate to global audiences. In this study, big data were used to provide a more comprehensive depiction of global market interest in myopia.

METHODS
Google Trends data were used to analyze searches relating to myopia between January 2004 and August 2023. Data extracted were related to use of the terms myopia control and myopia management, with further searches executed for common myopia control interventions: orthokeratology, contact lenses, atropine, and glasses. Analysis into the search interest of other refractive error states, hyperopia and astigmatism, was also undertaken along with alternative terms that may be used to describe myopia. Where relevant, search trends were considered worldwide, by country, and over time.

RESULTS
Myopia was a more popular search term than common layman alternatives such as nearsighted or shortsighted. Myopia control was found to be more popular than myopia management, and of the specific myopia interventions, atropine was most popular. Compared with astigmatism and hyperopia, relative search volumes were greatest for myopia, on average accounting for approximately 50% of the relative search volume at the country level.

CONCLUSIONS
The differences identified in both popularity of myopia-related search terms and specific interventions may provide the basis for improvements in public messaging and facilitate patient-practitioner communication.
Switch to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide from dolutegravir-based therapy
Authors: Orkin Chloe , Antinori Andrea , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Moreno-Guillén Santiago , Martorell Claudia T. , Molina Jean-Michel , Lazzarin Adriano , Maggiolo Franco , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Andreatta Kristen , Huang Hailin , Hindman Jason T. , Martin Hal , Pozniak Anton 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 96 weeks of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) treatment in participants switching from dolutegravir (DTG)-based therapy.

Design:
Studies 1489 (NCT02607930) and 1490 (NCT02607956) were phase 3 randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, first-line therapy trials in people with HIV-1. After 144 weeks of DTG-based or B/F/TAF treatment, participants could enter a 96-week open-label extension (OLE) of B/F/TAF.

Methods:
A pooled analysis evaluated viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml) and changes in CD4+ cell count at OLE Weeks 48 and 96, treatment-emergent resistance, safety, and tolerability after switch from a DTG-based regimen to B/F/TAF. Outcomes by prior treatment were summarized using descriptive statistics and compared by two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test.

Results:
At OLE Week 96, participants who switched to B/F/TAF (N = 519) maintained high levels of virologic suppression (99.5 and 99.1% in those switching from DTG/abacavir/lamivudine and DTG+F/TAF, respectively) and CD4+ cell count, with no treatment-emergent resistance to B/F/TAF. Twenty-one participants experienced drug-related adverse events after switching, with diarrhea, weight gain, and headache occurring most commonly. There were no cases of proximal renal tubulopathy, drug-related Grade 4 adverse events, or serious adverse events. Two participants discontinued B/F/TAF due to treatment-related adverse events. Participants who switched from DTG/abacavir/lamivudine experienced statistically significant greater weight gain than those who switched from DTG+F/TAF; however, median weight change from the blinded phase baseline to OLE Week 96 was numerically similar across treatment groups.

Conclusion:
This medium-term analysis demonstrates the safety and efficacy of switching to B/F/TAF from a DTG-containing regimen in people with HIV-1.
Food Insecurity and Undernutrition Are Associated With Distinct Immunologic Profiles in People With Tuberculosis and Advanced HIV Starting Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Richterman Aaron , Sinha Pranay , Ivers Louise C. , Gross Robert , Rantleru Tumelo , Tamuhla Neo , Bisson Gregory P. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Food insecurity and undernutrition are related but distinct concepts contributing to poor HIV and tuberculosis outcomes. Pathways linking them with immunologic profile, which may relate to clinical outcomes, remain understudied.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a cohort study of 165 antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naïve adults with advanced HIV and newly diagnosed tuberculosis in Botswana from 2009 to 2013. Twenty-nine plasma biomarkers were measured pre-ART and 4 weeks post-ART initiation. We used principal components analysis (PCA) and multivariable linear regression models to assess relationships between immunological profiles and food insecurity (based on the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale), undernutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2), and clinical outcomes.

Results:
PCA identified 5 principal components with eigenvalues >1. After adjustment, food insecurity was associated with PC3 pre-ART (0.19 per increased category of severity, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.36) and post-ART (0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.41). PC3 was driven by higher levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-12p40, vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-1α, and IL-8 and decreased concentrations of IL-3. Undernutrition was associated with PC5 post-ART (0.49, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.82). PC5 was driven by higher levels of IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-6, and IL-10 and decreased concentrations in IP-10 and IFN-α. Post-ART PC3 (4.3 percentage point increased risk per increased score of 1, 95% CI: 0.3 to 8.9) and post-ART PC5 (4.8, 95% CI: 0.6 to 8.9) were associated with death in adjusted models.

Discussion:
We identified 2 distinct immunologic profiles associated with food insecurity, undernutrition, and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced HIV and tuberculosis. Different pathophysiologic processes may link food insecurity and undernutrition with poor outcomes in this vulnerable patient population. Future studies should assess the impact of improving food access and intake on immune function and clinical outcomes.
Endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tang Xiaofang , Long Lixi , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhou Yiwu 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the timing of endoscopic approaches for managing individuals with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). Therefore, the authors performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of various timing endoscopic approaches in managing individuals with AUGIB.

Methods:
The authors will search multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wanfang Database, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Chinese Clinical Trial Register. The search will cover the entire duration, starting from the establishment of these databases until July 2023. The selection criteria will focus on randomized controlled trials that assess the efficacy of endoscopy with varying timing in managing patients with AUGIB. The primary outcomes will include primary hemostasis and inpatient death. The secondary outcomes will include recurrent bleeding, need for surgical intervention, admission to the ICU, blood transfusion needs, and duration of hospitalization. Two reviewers will select the studies, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. A Bayesian approach will be used to conduct a network meta-analysis.

Results:
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusion:
This network meta-analysis provides comprehensive evidence of different timing endoscopic approaches for managing individuals with AUGIB.
FABP4 as a Therapeutic Host Target Controlling SARS-CoV2 Infection
Authors: Baazim Hatoon , Koyuncu Emre , Tuncman Gürol , Burak M. Furkan , Merkel Lea , Bahour Nadine , Karabulut Ezgi Simay , Lee Grace Yankun , Hanifehnezhad Alireza , Karagoz Zehra Firat , Földes Katalin , Engin Ilayda , Erman Ayse Gokce , Oztop Sidika , Filazi Nazlican , Gul Buket , Ceylan Ahmet , Cinar Ozge Ozgenc , Can Fusun , Kim Hahn , Al-Hakeem Ali , Li Hui , Semerci Fatih , Lin Xihong , Yilmaz Erkan , Ergonul Onder , Ozkul Aykut , Hotamisligil Gökhan S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHost metabolic fitness is a critical determinant of infectious disease outcomes. Obesity, aging, and other related metabolic disorders are recognized as high-risk disease modifiers for respiratory infections, including coronavirus infections, though the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our study highlights fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a key regulator of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, as a modulator of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, correlating strongly with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. We demonstrate that loss of FABP4 function, by genetic or pharmacological means, reduces SARS-CoV2 replication and disrupts the formation of viral replication organelles in adipocytes and airway epithelial cells. Importantly, FABP4 inhibitor treatment of infected hamsters diminished lung viral titers, alleviated lung damage and reduced collagen deposition. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting host metabolism in limiting coronavirus replication and mitigating the pathogenesis of infection.
The effect of reactive balance training on responses to novel unexpected balance perturbations: a feasibility study
Authors: Huntley Andrew , Schinkel-Ivy Alison , Mansfield Avril 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTTrial designPilot study embedded within an assessor-blinded parallel randomized controlled trial.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of using unexpected and novel balance perturbations to assess the efficacy of reactive balance training.MethodsParticipants: Community-dwelling adults with chronic stroke who could walk independently without a gait aid for at least 10 m.Interventions: Reactive balance training, using manual and internal perturbations, or ‘traditional’ balance training (control group). Training took place for one hour per session, twice per week for six weeks.Outcome: Proportion of unexpected slips triggered as intended;state anxiety, perceptions of situations, and participants’ subjective responses to the unexpected slip perturbation; and spatiotemporal and kinematic features of unperturbed and perturbed walking (step length, width, and time, and mechanical stability) pre- and post-training.Randomisation: Blocked stratified randomization.Blinding: Assessors were blinded to group allocation.ResultsNumbers randomised: 28 participants were randomized (15 to reactive balance training, 13 to control). Of these, nine reactive balance training group participants and seven control participants were eligible and consented to additional data collection for the pilot study.Numbers analysed: 12 participants (six per group) completed the post-training unexpected slip data collection and were included in analysis of the pilot objective.Outcome: All unexpected slips triggered as intended.Overall, participants did not report increased state anxiety or any concerns about the unexpected slip. Analysis of spatiotemporal and kinematic data suggested better stability following the unexpected slip for reactive balance trained participants than control participants; however, there were also between-group differences in spatiotemporal and kinematic features of walking pre- and post-training.ConclusionsUnexpected slips are feasible in research. However, their value as outcomes in clinical trials may depend on ensuring the groups are balanced on prognostic factors.Trial registrationISRCTN05434601FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research.
Enhanced testing can substantially improve defence against several types of respiratory virus pandemic
Authors: Petrie James , Hay James A. , Srimokla Oraya , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina , Whittaker Charles , Masel Joanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMass testing to identify and isolate infected individuals is a promising approach for reducing harm from the next acute respiratory virus pandemic. It offers the prospect of averting hospitalizations and deaths whilst avoiding the need for indiscriminate social distancing measures. To understand scenarios where mass testing might or might not be a viable intervention, here we modelled how effectiveness depends both on characteristics of the pathogen (R0, time to peak viral load) and on the testing strategy (limit of detection, testing frequency, test turnaround time, adherence). We base time-dependent test sensitivity and time-dependent infectiousness on an underlying viral load trajectory model. We show that given moderately high public adherence, frequent testing can prevent as many transmissions as more costly interventions such as school or business closures. With very high adherence and fast, frequent, and sensitive testing, we show that most respiratory virus pandemics could be controlled with mass testing alone.