bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of cutaneous lymphangiectasis secondary to breast cancer treatment
Authors: Kaya Tamer Irfan , Kokturk Aysin , Polat Ayse , Tursen Umit , Ikizoglu Guliz 
Published: March 2003

A 55‐year‐old woman presented to our outpatient clinic for evaluation of multiple small papulo‐vesicular lesions on the left axillae. She had a history of carcinoma of the left breast in 1997 and had undergone radical mastectomy. One month postoperatively she also received radiation therapy.Physical examination revealed multiple raised, pinkish‐red, papulo‐vesicular lesions on the left axillae. The lesions were located within the field that received radiation therapy. The lesions were not associated with the mastectomy scar but were located through or parallel to the skin folds, mildly inflamed and their surfaces macerated. Due to the presence of maceration and inflammation, there was a burning sensation in the affected areas. She also had moderate lymphedema of her left arm.A small cluster of the lesions was excised for microscopic examination and the intertrigo was treated. Hemotoxylin and eosin stained sections of the lesions revealed ectatic lymphatic spaces in the papillary dermis. They were lined by normal endothelial cells. The overlying epidermis was hyperkeratotic. There was a severe, chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the subjacent dermis (Fig. 1). With these clinical and histological findings the patient was diagnosed as cutaneous lymphangiectasis (CL).Ectatic lypmhatic spaces in the papillary dermis with subjacent chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (Hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×100)imageMultiple lesions were anesthetized and treated with electrodessication. At 1 month follow up, no recurrence was observed. Six months later there was no recurrence at the sites of electrodesicated and excised lesions but new lesions were observed. Oozing of clear fluid was observed from these new lesions (Fig. 2). The lesions were treated with electrodessication and daily massage therapy was advised for the treatment of lymphedema. The patient responded well to massage therapy and the lymphedema regressed gradually. There was no recurrence of the skin lesions after 1 year.Oozing of clear fluid from papulovesicular lesions on the left axillaeimage
Factitious disease of the breast of a male due to injection of liquid plastic
Authors: Rosen Ted , Chen Minsue 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground  Factitious disease involving the breast is unusual. The rarely reported cases of this entity have been encountered in middle‐aged women. In general, factitious disease can be distinguished on clinical and/or psychological grounds from self‐induced disorders seen in malingerers and among those demonstrating Munchausen's syndrome.Methods  We report herein a male patient displaying factitious disease of the breast due to injection of a high viscosity liquid plastic material.Results  Establishment of the proper diagnosis was greatly delayed due to a lack of suspicion of this entity. Only direct confrontation of the patient with the biopsy results (lipogranulomatosis) led to a reluctant and then only partial admission of the self‐induced nature of this patient's illness.Conclusion  The clinician should remain vigilant for factitious disease when confronted with chronic or recurrent lesions of a bizarre or atypical morphology. Any body site can be involved, including the breast. Management is difficult and is best accomplished in conjunction with an appropriate mental health professional. Continued dramatic surgical interventions are contraindicated.
S‐100‐negative atypical granular cell tumor: report of a case
Authors: Lee Mi‐Woo , Chang Sung‐Eun , Song Kye‐Yong , Choi Jee‐Ho , Sung Kyung‐Jeh , Moon Kee‐Chan , Koh Jai‐Kyoung 
Published: March 2003

A 38‐year‐old man presented with a solitary, round, 1.2 × 1.2 cm, bluish‐colored, dome‐shaped, hard nodule on the left side of the neck, which had grown over 2 months (Fig. 1). The nodule was nontender and nonmovable. Light microscopy revealed that the neoplasm was situated in the reticular dermis with extension into the papillary dermis. The tumor showed expansile growth with smooth and round borders, and was made up of sheets of cells arranged in nests or lobules separated by thin delicate connective tissue septa. The tumor cells were round, oval, or polygonal in shape with distinct cellular borders. The cells had abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and considerable variation of cellular and nuclear size was noted (Fig. 2a). The tumor cell nuclei were vesicular and some had pleomorphism (Fig. 2b). Sometimes multiple nucleoli were seen. Mitoses and necrosis were virtually absent. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that some of the cytoplasmic granules stained positively with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) after diastase treatment. Tumor cells showed strong reactivity for CD68 and neuron‐specific enolase, and negative results for S‐100, factor XIIIa, cytokeratin, desmin, CD34, and smooth muscle actin. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor was composed of polygonal cells with round to irregular nuclei, and the cytoplasm contained numerous secondary lysosomes. The tumor was completely excised.A solitary, round, 1.2 × 1.2 cm, bluish‐colored, dome‐shaped, hard nodule on the left side of the neckimage(a) Tumor cells contain granular cytoplasm and show atypical cytologic features (b) Neoplastic cells show variation of cell size and nuclear pleomorphismimage
Localized hypopigmented keratoses
Authors: Kokturk Aysin , Ikizoglu Guliz , Kaya Tamer Irfan , Apa Duygu Dusmez , Baz Kiymet 
Published: March 2003

A 16‐year‐old girl presented with a 2‐year history of hypopigmented, hard papules involving the extensor surfaces of the forearms and lower legs. Initially, 2–3‐mm‐sized papules were present on the forearms; gradually they increased in number and spread to involve the lower legs. Her family history was unremarkable. There was a history of worsening in the summer. On examination, she was skin type 3, with multiple, round, hypopigmented, keratotic, flat‐topped papules located on the distal dorsal parts of the extremities, with a stuck‐on appearance (Fig. 1). The papules were unrelated to follicular orifices, symmetrically distributed, and could not be detached. The lesions were not itchy. Her face, trunk, palms, and soles were spared, and no mucosal lesions were present. The nails and hair were normal.Numerous, hypopigmented, flat‐topped papules on the armimageHistologic examination of a papule revealed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, mild acanthosis, mild papillomatosis, and vacuolization in basal cells. A mild lymphocytic inflammatory response was seen. There were normal amounts of melanin in the basal cell layer and no melanophages were present (Fig. 2).Hyperorthokeratosis, mild acanthosis, and papillomatosis. A mild inflammatory infiltrate is present in the dermis (hematoxylin and eosin, × 100)imageDespite some slight differences, the clinical and histologic features appeared to be similar to cases previously described under the title “disseminated hypopigmented keratoses”.The patient was treated with 0.1% tretinoin gel and 10% salicylic acid ointment and marked improvement was observed after several weeks.
How to become large quickly: quantitative genetics of growth and foraging in a flush feeding lepidopteran larva
Authors: Kause  , Saloniemi  , Haukioja  , Hanhimäki  
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Rapid larval growth in insects may be selected for by rapid ephemeral phenological changes in food resources modifying the structure of phenotypic and genetic (co)variation in and among individual traits. We studied the relative effects of three processes which can modify expression of additive genetic and nongenetic variation in traits. First, natural selection tends to erode genetic variation in fitness-related traits. Second, there may be high variance even in traits closely coupled with fitness, if these traits are themselves products of variable lower level traits. Third, traits may be canalized by developmental processes which reduce phenotypic variation. Moreover, we investigated the phenotypic and genetic role played by the underlying traits in attaining simultaneously both large size and short development time.
We measured phenotypic and genetic (co)variation in several pre- and post-ingestive foraging traits, growth, development rate, development time and size, together forming a hierarchical network of traits, in the larvae of a flush feeding geometrid, Epirrita autumnata. Rapid larval growth rate and high pupal mass are closely related to fitness in E. autumnata. Traits closely associated with larval growth displayed low levels of additive genetic variation, indicating that genetic variability may have been exhausted by selection for rapid growth. The body size of E. autumnata, in spite of its close correlation with fitness, exhibited a significant additive genetic variation, possiblye because caterpillar size is the outcome of many underlying heritable traits. The low level traits in the hierarchical net, number (indicating larval movements) and size of feeding bouts in leaves, relative consumption rate and efficiency of conversion of ingested food, displayed high levels of residual variation. High residual variation in consumption and physiological ability to handle leaf material resulted from their flexibility which reduced variation in growth rate, i.e. growth rate was canalized. We did not detect a trade-off between development time and final size. On the contrary, large pupal masses were attained by short larval periods, and this relationship was strongly genetically determined, suggesting that both developmental time and final size are expressions of the same developmental process (vigorous growth) and the same genes (or linkage disequilibrium).
Different population structures in northern and southern populations of the European blue tit (Parus caeruleus)
Authors: Kvist  , Ruokonen  , Lumme  , Orell  
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We sequenced the control region of the mitochondrial DNA from a sample of six European blue tit populations to investigate the phylogeography of Parus species. Along a transect from Barcelona, Spain to Oulu, Finland, the blue tit showed a different phylogeographic structure than the great tit and the willow tit. The southernmost sample from Barcelona consisted of two widely divergent maternal lineages (nucleotide divergence, π = 0.30%), a situation also found earlier in the French Alps. The more northern populations had a relatively uniform structure (π = 0.19%) with distinctive marks of a growing population, thus resembling the great tit populations (π = 0.19%). The amount of genetic variation among blue tits is lower than in the willow tit (π = 0.53%). This probably reflects a smaller long-term effective population size in the great tit and the blue tit than in the willow tit. The different genetic structure of the Barcelona population vs. the rest had an influence on the estimated population parameters, which are calculated based on the assumptions of genetic equilibrium of the populations.
Local adaptation and effect of host genotype on the rate of pathogen evolution: an experimental test in a plant pathosystem
Authors: Zhan J. , Mundt C. C. , Hoffer M. E. , McDonald B. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Virulence is thought to be a driving force in host–pathogen coevolution. Theoretical models suggest that virulence is an unavoidable consequence of pathogens evolving towards a high rate of intrahost reproduction. These models predict a positive correlation between the reproductive fitness of a pathogen and its level of virulence. Theoretical models also suggest that the demography and genetic structure of a host population can influence the evolution of virulence. If evolution occurs faster in pathogen populations than in host populations, the predicted result is local adaptation of the pathogen population. In our studies, we used a combination of molecular and physiological markers to test these hypotheses in an agricultural system. We isolated five strains of the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola from each of two wheat cultivars that differed in their level of resistance to this pathogen. Each of the 10 fungal strains had distinct genotypes as indicated by different DNA fingerprints. These fungal strains were re-inoculated onto the same two host cultivars in a field experiment and their genotype frequencies were monitored over several generations of asexual reproduction. We also measured the virulence of these 10 fungal strains and correlated it to the reproductive fitness of each fungal strain. We found that host genotypes had a strong impact on the dynamics of the pathogen populations. The pathogen population collected from the moderately resistant cultivar Madsen showed greater stability, higher genotype diversity, and smaller selection coefficients than the pathogen populations collected from the susceptible cultivar Stephens or a mixture of the two host cultivars. The pathogen collection from the mixed host population was midway between the two pure lines for most parameters measured. Our results also revealed that the measures of reproductive fitness and virulence of a pathogen strain were not always correlated. The pathogen strains varied in their patterns of local adaptation, ranging from locally adapted to locally maladapted.
Among-population variation and correlations in sexually dimorphic traits of Silene latifolia
Authors: Delph L. F. , Knapczyk F. N. , Taylor D. R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The degree of sexual dimorphism in a trait may be determined directly by disruptive selection, as well as by correlations with other traits under selection. We grew seeds from nine populations of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia in a common-garden experiment to determine whether phenotypic variation and correlations existed for floral, leaf and resource allocation traits, and whether this variation had a genetic component. We also determined the traits which were sexually dimorphic, the degree of dimorphism, and whether it varied among populations. Seven traits exhibited among-population variation and sexual dimorphism. Variation in the degree of dimorphism occurred only for two traits, suggesting that dimorphism may be evolving more slowly than trait means. Males had more, smaller flowers, shorter leaves, and allocated less of their total biomass to stems and more to leaves than females. Flower production was the most sexually dimorphic trait and was correlated with all measured traits. Most traits exhibited significant correlations between the sexes. The pattern of correlations and the degree of sexual dimorphism among traits lead us to suggest that intrasexual selection for an exaggerated floral display in males has indirectly led to sexual dimorphism in a host of other traits.
Transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Munro L. R. , Culligan D. J. , Grant A. , Johnston P. W. , Watson H. G. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives Routine irradiation of cellular blood products is not presently recommended for patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Materials and Methods We report the case of a 72‐year‐old‐man with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia who developed transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GvHD) 13 days following a non‐irradiated red cell transfusion.Results The patient had not previously received purine analogues and none of the donors was homozygous for a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype that was shared by the recipient. Therefore, his only apparent risk factor was lymphoplasmacytoid NHL.Conclusions This case further strengthens the argument that NHL per se is a risk factor for TA‐GvHD and supports the proposal that the guidelines for prophylactic irradiation of cellular blood products be extended to include all cases of NHL.
Regional anticoagulation with acid citrate dextrose‐A for extracorporeal photoimmunochemotherapy
Authors: Apsner R. , Uenver B. , Sunder‐Plassmann G. , Knobler R. M. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives During photopheresis, intravenous heparin is used to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circuit. Regional citrate anticoagulation could lower the risks associated with heparin treatment.Materials and Methods Four‐hundred and six photophereses procedures that were anticoagulated by acid citrate dextrose‐A (ACD‐A) (of which 343 were performed in patients at risk for haemorrhage) were analysed together with 278 heparin‐anticoagulated treatments.Results Four‐hundred and four of 406 citrate treatments were completed. Seven transient paresthesias (1·73%), five of which occurred in the first 50 treatments, were observed. Bleeding complications were noted during heparin anticoagulation (1·07%), but not during citrate anticoagulation. During photopheresis, haemoglobin values and platelet counts decreased by 11·4% and 14·6%, respectively (P < 0·0001). Twenty‐four hours after treatment, haemoglobin values, and platelet and leucocyte counts were still lower than at baseline (P < 0·0001). The changes of haemoglobin, platelet and leucocyte values did not differ for citrate and heparin.Conclusions In patients with contraindications against heparin use, ACD‐A citrate anticoagulation during photopheresis is a safe and efficient alternative. Photopheresis induces profound changes of the blood count, irrespective of the anticoagulation method.
Lymphocyte T subsets and natural killer cells in Italian and Philippino blood donors
Authors: Pasqualetti D. , Ghirardini A. , Cafolla A. , Biffoni M. , Coluzzi S. , Vaglio S. , Girelli G. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives The characterization of lymphocyte subsets in blood donors has been utilized to determine the normal ranges that can be related to race. A study was performed in blood donors from two racial groups – Caucasian (Italians) and Asian (Philippinos) – to define respective T‐lymphocyte subsets and levels of cytokines.Materials and Methods Ninety‐two blood donors (46 Italians and 46 Philippinos) were enrolled. Blood count and immunophenotyping of lymphocytes by flow cytometry were carried out, and cytokine production was tested in six blood donors of each group.Results Philippino blood donors showed a significantly higher mean value of leucocytes (P = 0·01) and lymphocytes (P < 0·001) than Italians. The mean absolute count of lymphocyte subsets CD3− CD16+ CD56+ and CD3+ CD8+ were both significantly higher in Philippino than in Italian subjects, respectively, P < 0·01 and P < 0·0001. Philippinos showed a statistically significant higher frequency of lymphocytes producing interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) compared to Italians (P = 0·02).Conclusions T‐lymphocyte subsets in Italian and Philippino blood donors seem to be correlated to ethnic background. The higher levels of CD3+ CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and IFN‐γ‐producing cells found in Philippinos suggest leucoreduction in Asian blood donors.
Effect of Management Intensities and Sward Structures on Dry‐matter Production of Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) in Permanent Grassland
Authors: Zimmermann M. , Nösberger J. 
Published: March 2003

A 3‐year experiment was conducted on an extensively managed hay meadow to assess the effect of management intensity and sward density on growth of meadow fescue. Two management treatments, intensive (6 cuts, 240 kg N ha−1 year−1) and extensive (3 cuts, 75 kg N ha−1 year−1), with and without gaps around the meadow fescue plants, were applied.The highest yields were obtained under frequent defoliation. The yield of meadow fescue when grown in gaps increased four‐ to fivefold on an area basis in the first growing season, and reached a factor of 17 the following year. However, the difference between the treatments with and without gaps decreased strongly during the third growing season.The contribution of meadow fescue to the total yield remained high and constant in swards with gaps combined with extensive management for the 3 years. In contrast, in swards with gaps combined with intensive management, the yield contribution of meadow fescue decreased, and in swards without gaps it remained very low under both management regimes.The results show that meadow fescue was a weak competitor. Its response to management intensity was strongly affected by light intensity and soil water content. Low light intensity and dry top soils enhanced the suppression of meadow fescue.
The use of test day models with small size of contemporary groups
Authors: Strabel By T. , Szwaczkowski T. 
Published: March 2003

IntroductionFor many years genetic evaluation of dairy cattle has been based on the analysis of 305‐day lactation milk production. Thus, to account for environmental variance, records are usually grouped in herd–year–season (HYS) classes. The 305‐day milk yield is computed on the basis of single test day records. An alternative approach to genetic evaluation is an analysis of individual test day records (P tak and S
chaeffer 1993). A complete set of records contains more information than 305‐day milk yield, and, in consequence, by including the single herd–test date (HTD) effect, this approach leads to an improvement in the accuracy of genetic evaluation. Modeling the time–herd effect in this way reduces residual variance. In populations with a small herd size a number of records with no contemporaries in HTD classes could appear. It should be noted that accurate estimation and prediction in mixed linear models requires both model adequacy and respective data structure. Unfortunately, inclusion of a HTD effect when herds are small (typical situation for European cattle breeding) causes a decomposition of data structure (more unbalanced experimental design). Hence, a modification to the grouping of the records was recommended (S
walve 1995; S
trabel 1997).When a lactation model is used various modifications to HYS definition could be implemented to improve its adjustment to environmental effects (S chmitz et al. 1991; S
trandberg and G
randinson 1997; C
rump et al. 1997). The definition of herd–test day class is so precise that it does not allow for a different assignment of records to classes. What could be done is to combine HTD classes within the herd by joining the consecutive records (S
walve 1995) or across herds looking for records from ‘similar’ herds taken at ‘similar’ periods of time (S
trabel 1997). HTD effect can also be set as random to avoid the loss of information especially when the number of single HTD classes is high (R
eents et al. 1995; P&
ouml;
s&
ouml; et al. 1996). Finally, the HTD effect can be replaced by HYS, typical for the traditional model (P
tak and Żarnecki 1998).The objective of the present study was to compare animal model evaluations using test day (TD) models with different definitions of contemporary groups (CG). Evaluations based on the 305‐day lactation model were also carried out.