bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 in Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma‐Associated Cancer
Authors: Reidy Patrick M. , Dedo Herbert H. , Rabah Raja , Field Jayson B. , Mathog Robert H. , Gregoire Lucie , Lancaster Wayne D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The main objective was to demonstrate that human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 is an aggressive virus that plays a significant role in the development of laryngeal cancer in patients with a history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We have done so by preliminary investigation into the molecular mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of RRP to invasive squamous cell carcinoma.Study Design: An experimental, nonrandomized, retrospective study using tissue specimens from nine patients with a history of RRP that progressed to laryngeal or bronchogenic cancer was performed.Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from 20 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens from six patients with a history of early onset RRP and laryngeal cancer and from three patients with early onset RRP and bronchogenic cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA to determine the HPV type in each specimen. Reverse‐transcriptase PCR specific for virus transcripts was performed on RNA to determine whether the viral genome was integrated into the host genome.Results: HPV‐11 but not HPV‐6, 16, or 18 was found in all of the laryngeal and bronchogenic cancers in patients with a history of early onset RRP in this study. RNA, sufficiently intact for examination, was obtained from seven patients. Analysis of HPV 11 transcripts revealed integration of the viral genome in three of seven patients.Conclusions: HPV type 6 and 11 are considered “low‐risk” viruses and are not associated with genital cancers, as are HPV types 16 and 18. However, our data suggests that HPV type 11 is an aggressive virus in laryngeal papilloma that should be monitored in patients with RRP.
Overexpression of ErbB‐2 Protein in Human Middle Ear Cholesteatomas
Authors: Sakamoto Takashi , Kondo Kenji , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Suzuki Mitsuya , Sugasawa Masashi , Kaga Kimitaka 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to verify the hypothesis that ErbB‐2 protein is overexpressed in human middle ear cholesteatomas and to elucidate the relationship between overexpression of ErbB‐2 protein, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.Study Design: Prospective review of 20 patients between 2001 and 2003 with middle ear cholesteatoma.Methods: Middle ear cholesteatoma matrix and retroauricular skin were immunostained with anti‐ErbB‐2, Ki‐67, and single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) antibody. The distribution of immunoreactivity to these antibodies and labeling indices were compared between cholesteatoma and retroauricular skin.Results: In matrix of middle ear cholesteatoma, ErbB‐2 and ssDNA were expressed in the keratinocytes of all layers and Ki‐67 was expressed in the keratinocytes of the basal, lower spinous, and occasionally granular layer. In retroauricular skin, ErbB‐2 and Ki‐67 were expressed in the keratinocytes of the basal and occasionally lower spinous layer and ssDNA was expressed in the keratinocytes of all layers. Labeling indices against anti‐ErbB‐2, Ki‐67, and ssDNA antibody were significantly greater in cholesteatoma as compared with retroauricular skin.Conclusions: In cases of cholesteatoma, ErbB‐2 protein was overexpressed and cell proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes were accelerated. ErbB‐2 protein could modulate terminal differentiation and apoptosis in the keratinocytes of all layers in cholesteatoma matrix and cell proliferation in the keratinocytes of the basal and lower spinous layer in normal skin.
Could Valerian Have Been the First Anticonvulsant?
Authors: Eadie Mervyn J. 
Published: October 2004

Summary:  Purpose: To assess the available evidence for the belief that valerian, highly recommended in the past for treating epilepsy, possessed real anticonvulsant effectiveness. Methods: Review of available literature. Results: In 1592, Fabio Colonna, in his botanical classic Phytobasanos, reported that taking powdered valerian root cured his own epilepsy. Subsequent reports of valerian's anticonvulsant effectiveness appeared. By the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it was often regarded as the best available treatment for the disorder. Valerian preparations yield isovaleric acid, a substance analogous to valproic acid and likely to possess anticonvulsant properties, as isovaleramide does. In favorable circumstances, high valerian doses can be calculated to have sometimes provided potentially effective amounts of anticonvulsant substance for epilepsy patients. Conclusions: Valerian probably did possess the potential for an anticonvulsant effect, but the uncertain chemical composition and content of valerian preparations, and their odor and taste, made it unlikely that they could ever prove satisfactory in widespread use.
VARIABILITY IN NITRATE UPTAKE KINETICS IN THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Dortch Quay , Thompson Peter A. , Harrison Paul J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTShort‐term (1–9 min) nitrate uptake kinetics were measured in Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hust.) Hasle & Heimdal grown in nitrate‐limited, ammonium‐limited, and nitrate‐sufficient continuous cultures. For all cultures, maximal nitrate uptake rates did not develop until approximately 3 min after nitrate addition; thereafter, nitrate uptake rates remained constant or declined slightly. The Ks and Vmax for the nitrate‐limited cultures were higher at any growth rate than those for the ammonium‐limited or nitrate‐sufficient cultures. Thus, much higher nitrate concentrations would be required to saturate nitrate uptake in nitrate‐limited Thalassiosira pseudonana than is usually considered necessary. The lack of data for other species grown under a range of environmental conditions makes it difficult to generalize about the effect of preconditioning on nitrate uptake kinetics.
ROLE OF SETTLEMENT DENSITY ON GAMETOPHYTE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN THE KELPS PTERYGOPHORA CALIFORNICA AND MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Reed Daniel C. , Neushul Michael , Ebeling Alfred W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTLaboratory studies were used to examine how variation in the density of spore settlement influences gametophyte growth, reproduction, and subsequent sporophyte production in the kelps Pterygophora californica Ruprecht and Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. In still (non‐aerated) cultures, egg maturation in both species was delayed when spores were seeded at densities 300 · mm−2. Although the density at which this inhibition was first observed was similar for both species, the age at which their eggs matured was not. P. californica females reached sexual maturity an average of 4 days (or ∼ 30%) sooner than did M, pyrifera. As observed previously in field experiments, per capita sporophyte production was negatively density dependent for both species when seeded at spore densities of 10 · mm−2. Total sporophyte production (i.e. number · cm−2) for both species, however, was greatest at intermediate densities of spore settlement (∼ 50 spores · mm−2). In contrast, total sporophyte production by P. californica steadily increased with increasing spore density in aerated cultures; highest sporophyte density was observed on slides seeded at a density of 1000 spores · mm−2. Preliminary experiments with P. californica involving manipulation of aeration and nutrients indicate that inhibition of gametophyte growth and reproduction at higher densities of spore settlement in non‐aerated cultures was probably caused by nutrient limitation.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF DIVIDING AND NONDIVIDING CELLS OF CYANOBACTERIA IN NORTH ATLANTIC PICOPLANKTON1
Authors: Li William K. W. , Dickie Paul M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTIn the North Atlantic over a wide geographic region that includes various oceanic regimes and a temperature range from 10 to 22° C, an increase in the number of nondividing Synechococcus cells (X) was generally accompanied by a greater‐than‐proportional increase in the number of dividing cells (Y). As a result, the fraction of dividing cells (FDC = Y · (Y + X)−1) was positively related to population size (Y + X). Recognizing that FDC is generally greater in a rapidly growing population than in a slowly growing one, our empirical finding implies a positive correlation between specific growth rate and standing stock for Synechococcus. One notable exception occurred during winter (T < 5°C) in a eutrophic coastal embayment when a decrease in cell abundance was not matched by a decrease in FDC.
FISCHERELLIN, A NEW ALLELOCHEMICAL FROM THE FRESHWATER CYANOBACTERIUM FISCHERELLA MUSCICOLA1
Authors: Gross Elisabeth M. , Wolk C. Peter , Jüttner Friedrich 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe benthic cyanobacterium Fischerella muscicola (Thur.) Gom. UTEX 1829 produces a secondary metabolite, fischerellin, that strongly inhibits other cyanobacteria and to a lesser extent members of the Chlorophyceae. Eubacteria are not affected. The major active compound is lipophilic and exhibits a molecular ion at m/z 408. It is heat‐ and acid‐stable but decomposes in 1 M sodium hydroxide (80° C. 1 h). Fischerellin inhibits the photosynthetic but not the respiratory electron transport of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes. Its site of action is located in PS II. Two other species of Fischerella also produce fischerellin, indicating that the synthesis of such allelochemicals might be characteristic of the genus.
The vertical distribution of juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and associated fishes in the Columbia River plume
Authors: Emmett Robert L. , Brodeur Richard D. , Orton Philip M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSimultaneous trawling at surface and at depth at one location off the Columbia River, Oregon, in June 2000 identified the depth distribution of juvenile salmonids and associated fishes. Juvenile salmon off the Columbia River were distributed primarily near the surface, within the upper 12 m. Highest densities of subyearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) off the Columbia River were associated with high surface currents and decreasing tidal levels, with time of day possibly a co‐factor. Densities of yearling chinook salmon increased with higher turbidity. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) was the most abundant and commonly caught forage fish, with density increasing at night, probably related to diel vertical migration. Catches of juvenile salmonids were not associated with catches of forage fishes. Daytime surface trawling appears to be an appropriate method for assessing the distribution and abundance of juvenile salmonids in marine habitats.
Influence of mesoscale physical forcing on trophic pathways and fish larvae retention in the central Cantabrian Sea
Authors: González‐Quirós Rafael , Pascual Ananda , Gomis Damiá , Anadón Ricardo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study was carried out over the central Cantabrian shelf during a post‐bloom phase in May. Late phases of the spring phytoplankton bloom, which are characterized by high crustacean mesozooplankton biomass, have been proposed to be a particular case for high‐energy flow towards large metazoans. The overall objective of the study is to analyse the influence of mesoscale physical forcing on primary production patterns, its implications on food web pathways, and on larval fish distribution during a period of intense spawning of Sardina pilchardus and Scomber scombrus. Physical and biological variables of different trophic levels show coupled cross‐shelf and along‐shelf heterogeneity. Quasi‐geostrophic analysis and other indirect approaches, such as the depth of the slope salinity maximum, reveal predictable patterns of vertical instabilities associated with mesoscale physical forcing that enhance production of large‐size phytoplankton. The latter is expected to enhance the energy flow towards higher trophic levels at a time of high mesozooplankton biomass. Distributions of S. pilchardus and S. scombrus eggs and larvae indicate retention related to the coastal salinity front and the overall eastward circulation pattern. The observed mesoscale physical processes may favour survival of early stages of fish by their influence on the energy flow of primary production towards higher trophic levels and larval retention at the coast.
An individual‐based model of the early life history of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the eastern North Atlantic, simulating transport, growth and mortality
Authors: Bartsch J. , Coombs S. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to provide the core description of the modelling exercise within the Shelf Edge Advection Mortality And Recruitment (SEAMAR) programme. An individual‐based model (IBM) was developed for the prediction of year‐to‐year survival of the early life‐history stages of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the eastern North Atlantic. The IBM is one of two components of the model system. The first component is a circulation model to provide physical input data for the IBM. The circulation model is a geographical variant of the HAMburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). The second component is the IBM, which is an i‐space configuration model in which large numbers of individuals are followed as discrete entities to simulate the transport, growth and mortality of mackerel eggs, larvae and post‐larvae. Larval and post‐larval growth is modelled as a function of length, temperature and food distribution; mortality is modelled as a function of length and absolute growth rate. Each particle is considered as a super‐individual representing 106 eggs at the outset of the simulation, and then declining according to the mortality function. Simulations were carried out for the years 1998–2000. Results showed concentrations of particles at Porcupine Bank and the adjacent Irish shelf, along the Celtic Sea shelf‐edge, and in the southern Bay of Biscay. High survival was observed only at Porcupine and the adjacent shelf areas, and, more patchily, around the coastal margin of Biscay. The low survival along the shelf‐edge of the Celtic Sea was due to the consistently low estimates of food availability in that area.
Simulation of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) recruitment with an individual‐based model and comparison with field data
Authors: Bartsch J. , Reid D. , Coombs S. H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn individual‐based model (IBM) for the simulation of year‐to‐year survival during the early life‐history stages of the north‐east Atlantic stock of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) was developed within the EU funded Shelf‐Edge Advection, Mortality and Recruitment (SEAMAR) programme. The IBM included transport, growth and survival and was used to track the passive movement of mackerel eggs, larvae and post‐larvae and determine their distribution and abundance after approximately 2 months of drift. One of the main outputs from the IBM, namely distributions and numbers of surviving post‐larvae, are compared with field data as recruit (age‐0/age‐1 juveniles) distribution and abundance for the years 1998, 1999 and 2000. The juvenile distributions show more inter‐annual and spatial variability than the modelled distributions of survivors; this may be due to the restriction of using the same initial egg distribution for all 3 yr of simulation. The IBM simulations indicate two main recruitment areas for the north‐east Atlantic stock of mackerel, these being Porcupine Bank and the south‐eastern Bay of Biscay. These areas correspond to areas of high juvenile catches, although the juveniles generally have a more widespread distribution than the model simulations. The best agreement between modelled data and field data for distribution (juveniles and model survivors) is for the year 1998. The juvenile catches in different representative nursery areas are totalled to give a field abundance index (FAI). This index is compared with a model survivor index (MSI) which is calculated from the total of survivors for the whole spawning season. The MSI compares favourably with the FAI for 1998 and 1999 but not for 2000; in this year, juvenile catches dropped sharply compared with the previous years but there was no equivalent drop in modelled survivors.
Cellular and molecular studies of B cells exhibiting reverse somatic mutation throughout life
Authors: Kodera Takao , Radu Dorel , McGaha Tracy , Zwolo Patty , Stoica Cristina , Cheroute Hilde , Pollock Roberta R. , Bona Constantin 
Published: October 2004

Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes plays an important role in generating antibody diversity. The frequency of somatic mutation appears to vary throughout life. However, this process has been difficult to study in vivo because the DNA in and around rearranged V genes undergoes random mutation, causing silent or replacement mutations. Therefore, we have developed a transgenic mouse model for studying the frequency of B cells exhibiting mutation in young and old mice. The system is based on a reporter transgene (HuG‐X) that encodes a chimeric Ig heavy chain composed of a murine VDJ segment and a human IgG1 constant region. The VDJ has been mutated to contain a TAG stop codon in the D segment. Therefore, the transgene is transcribed but not translated. Point mutation of the stop codon results in expression of the chimeric H chain, which is readily detected as human IgG1 expression. In vivo, we found that the transgene undergoes spontaneous reverse somatic mutation at a low frequency. Treatment of HuG‐X mice with anti‐IgD greatly increases the frequency of somatic mutation. The observed mutation frequency in anti‐IgD‐treated mice increases with age until adulthood, then plateaux and finally declines in aged mice. The mutations in the stop codon were associated with increased double‐stranded DNA breaks (DSB) within and around the TAG site. Our results demonstrate that the rate of frequency of spontaneous reverse mutation is very low in vivo, yet it is significantly increased after stimulation with anti‐IgD antibodies. The frequency of point mutation is age dependent and correlates with increased DSB.
Induction of apoptosis in a flounder gill cell line by lymphocystis disease virus infection
Authors: Hu G‐B , Cong R‐S , Fan T‐J , Mei X‐G 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), a large icosahedral DNA virus classified to the iridovirus family, is the causative agent of lymphocystis, a disease which occurs in marine and freshwater fish species and is characterized by formation of papilloma‐like lesions on the surface of the skin. In vitro, LCDV infection causes flounder gill cells, an adherent cell line, to exhibit an obvious cytopathic effect (CPE). In order to test whether apoptosis is responsible for the observed CPE, cells infected with LCDV at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 5 PFU per cell were examined at various time intervals for the appearance of apoptotic signs. Nuclear fragmentation, DNA laddering and caspase activation were observed in the infected cells at the time (i.e. 10 days post‐infection) when an intensive CPE was observed. These findings demonstrate that LCDV is capable of inducing apoptosis in vitro, which is different from the result of LCDV infection in vivo, and consequently suggest an intricate LCDV–host interaction.
Comparison between mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA variation in the native range ofSilene vulgaris
Authors: ŠTORCHOVÁ HELENA , OLSON MATTHEW S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA detailed survey of mitochondrial and chloroplast diversity in eight populations ofSilene vulgarisfrom Central Europe was conducted for comparison with previously published data on diversity fromS. vulgarispopulations in the introduced range. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation around thecoxIgene was assessed with Southern blotting/restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Chloroplast variation was assessed by sequencing the intergenic spacer separating thetrnHandpsbAgenes. Thirty mtDNA haplotypes and 24 chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes were found within 86 individuals. The overall genetic diversityh(0.941 for mitochondrial, and 0.893 for chloroplast markers) and within‐population diversity were higher than reported in previous population studies ofS. vulgarisin the USA and Europe. The frequency of private alleles was surprisingly high — more than 90% for both kinds of markers. Most of our populations were large and located in relatively undisturbed meadows, whereas surveys in Virginia consisted of smaller roadside populations. The slow rate of population turnover in European populations is discussed as a factor responsible for the relatively high diversity ofS. vulgarisin undisturbed areas of its native range. Association between mtDNA and cpDNA haplotypes was also demonstrated. Finally, gender and mtDNA haplotype were associated in the Alps populations, where females were very rare.
Fluid resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock using diaspirin cross‐linked hemoglobin fails to improve pancreatic and renal perfusion
Authors: Pape A. , Kleen M. , Kemming G. , Meisner F. , Meier J. , Habler O. 
Published: October 2004

Background:  Fluid resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock is intended to abolish microcirculatory disorders and to restore adequate tissue oxygenation. Diaspirin cross‐linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier (HBOC) with vasoconstrictive properties. Therefore, fluid resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock using DCLHb was expected to improve perfusion pressure and tissue perfusion of kidneys and pancreas.Methods:  In 20 anesthetized domestic pigs with an experimentally induced coronary stenosis, shock (mean arterial pressure 45 mmHg) was induced by controlled withdrawal of blood and maintained for 60 min. Fluid resuscitation (replacement of the plasma volume withdrawn during hemorrhage) was performed with either 10% DCLHb (DCLHb group, n = 10) or 8% human serum albumin (HSA) oncotically matched to DCLHb (HSA group, n = 10). Completion of resuscitation was followed by a 60‐min observation period. Regional blood flow to the kidneys and the pancreas was measured by use of the radioactive microspheres method at baseline, after shock and 60 min after fluid resuscitation.Results:  All animals (10/10) resuscitated with DCLHb survived the 60‐min observation period, while 5/10 control animals died within 20 min due to persisting subendocardial ischemia. In contrast to HSA survivors, pancreas and kidneys of DCLHb‐treated animals revealed lower total and regional organ perfusion and regional oxygen delivery. Renal and pancreatic blood flow heterogeneity was higher in the DCLHb group.Conclusion:  DCLHb‐induced vasoconstriction afforded superior myocardial perfusion, but impaired regional perfusion of the kidneys and the pancreas.