bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and large-scale production of human milk fat analog by fermentation of microalgae
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Zhao Xinhua , Parker Leon , Derkach Paul , Correa Mona , Benites Veronica , Miller Roberta , Athanasiadis Dino , Doherty Bryce , Alnozaili Gawharah , Wittenberg Jon , Gates Daniel , Destaillats Frédéric , Rakitsky Walter , Franklin Scott 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHuman milk contains a complex mixture of triacylglycerols (TAG), making it challenging to recreate using common ingredients.ObjectiveThe study aimed to develop an innovative fermentation technique to produce essential human milk TAG, effectively tackling a significant hurdle in infant nutrition.MethodAn in-depth analysis of the literature has been conducted to identify the specific TAG to be targeted. We used a microalgal oil production platform and a two-step procedure to modify its fatty acid and TAG composition. The palmitic acid (16:0) content has been increased by classical strain improvement techniques, followed by a step involving the expression of a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) sequence capable of esterifying 16:0 specifically at the internal position (sn-2 palmitate) of TAG. Once the strain was stabilized, the fermentation was scaled up in a 50-L reactor to yield several kilograms of biomass. Subsequently, the oil was extracted and refined using standard oil processing conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to monitor the TAG profile and the region specificity of 16:0 at the internal position (sn-2 palmitate) of TAG.ResultsThe initial strain had a 16:0 level of 25% of total fatty acids, which was increased to 30% by classical strain improvement. Simultaneously, the oleic acid level decreased from 61% to 57% of total fatty acids. Upon expression of an exogenous LPAAT gene, the level of the 16:0 esterified in the internal position of the TAG (sn-2 palmitate) increased by a factor of 10, to reach 73% of total palmitic acid. Consequently, the concentration of oleic acid in the internal position decreased from 81% to 22% of total fatty acids, with TAG analysis confirming that the primary TAG species in the oil was 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO). The 50-L-scale fermentation trial confirmed the strain's ability to produce oil with a yield of &gt;150 g of oil per liter of fermentation broth in a timeframe of 5 days, rendering the process scalable for larger-scale industrialization.ConclusionWe have demonstrated the feasibility of producing a suitable TAG composition that can be effectively integrated into the formulations of infant nutrition in combination with other fats and oils to meet the infant feeding requirements.
PET/CT-aided biopsy of lung lesions enhances diagnostic efficacy, especially for lesions >3cm
Authors: Liu Wangzheng , Ji Bin , Bai Lin , Gao Shi 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT-aided CT-guided and routine CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy for lung lesions.MethodsA total of 458 patients with suspicious lung lesions were referred for CT-guided biopsy, with 227 patients assigned to the PET/CT group and 231 patients assigned to the CT group. The clinical characteristics and diagnostic yield were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, conducting subgroup analysis to evaluate the differences of diagnostic success or failure between the two groups.ResultsThe sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy rate differed significantly (P = 0.035, P = 0.048). In the PET/CT group, the values were 95.7% and 96.3%, respectively, while in the CT group, they were 90.1% and 91.9%. When considering non-diagnostic cases, the overall diagnostic success rate increased markedly in PET/CT group (93.0% vs. 83.1%, P = 0.001). In our subgroup analysis, the PET/CT group demonstrated superiority in detecting lesions larger than 3 cm (OR, 4.81; 95CI%, 2.03 - 11.36), while showing a moderate effect in lesions smaller than 3 cm (OR, 1.09; 95CI%, 0.42 - 2.81). Significant effect modification was observed in large lesions in the PET/CT group (P for interaction = 0.023).Conclusions18F-FDG-PET/CT enhances the diagnostic efficacy of CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy for lung lesions, and the incremental value can be modified by lesion size, particularly when the diameter is larger than 3 cm.
Simplified panicle fertilization is applicable to japonica cultivars, but splits are preferred in indica rice for a higher paddy yield under wheat straw return
Authors: Shu Xiaowei , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Wang Shushen , Fu Tong , Ding Zhouyu , Yang Ying , Wang Zihan , Zhao Shiru , Xu Jiejiao , Zhou Juan , Ju Jing , Huang Jianye , Yao Youli , Wang Yulong , Dong Guichun 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe panicle fertilization strategy for japonica and indica rice under wheat straw return (SR) has not been updated, especially on the elaboration of their impacts on spikelet differentiation and degeneration. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that SR increases spikelet number by reducing spikelet degeneration and to explore the possibility of simplifying panicle fertilization.MethodsIn three consecutive years, four varieties of japonica and indica rice were field-grown in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Six panicle fertilization rates and split treatments were applied to SR and no straw return (NR) conditions.ResultsThe results showed that SR promoted rice yield significantly by 3.77%, and the highest yields were obtained under the T2 (split panicle fertilization at the panicle initiation (PI) and spikelet primordium differentiation (SPD) stages) and T1 (panicle fertilization only at the PI stage) treatments, for indica and japonica rice, respectively. Correlation and path analysis revealed that the number of spikelets per panicle was the most attributable to yield variation. SR significantly increased the concentration of alkali hydrolyzable N in the soil 40 days after rice transplantation, significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation per stem (NA) during the SPD-pollen mother cell meiosis (PMC) stage, and increased the brassinosteroids level in the young panicles at the PMC stage. SR also reduced the degeneration rate of spikelets (DRS) and increased the number of surviving spikelets (NSS). The dry matter accumulation per stem was more important to increasing the NA in japonica rice at the PMC stage, whereas NA was more affected by the N content than the dry matter accumulation in indica rice. In japonica rice, panicle N application once only at the PI stage combined with the N released from SR was enough to improve the plant N content, reduce the DRS, and increase the NSS. For indica rice, split application of N panicle fertilization at both the PI and SPD stages was still necessary to achieve a maximum NSS.DiscussionIn conclusion, under wheat SR practice, panicle fertilization could be simplified to once in japonica rice with a significant yield increase, whereas equal splits might still be optimal for indica rice.
Vagus nerve stimulation allows to cease maintenance electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a retrospective monocentric case series
Authors: Aboubakr Oumaima , Domenech Philippe , Heurtebise Isabelle , Gaillard Raphaël , Guy-Rubin Aurore , Carron Romain , Duriez Philibert , Gorwood Philip , Vinckier Fabien , Pallud Johan , Zanello Marc 
Published: January 2024

ContextThe use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to reduce or stop electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treatment-resistant depression seems promising. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of VNS on the reduction of ECT sessions and mood stabilization.MethodsWe conducted a monocentric retrospective case series of patients who suffered from treatment-resistant depression, treated with ECT and referred to our center for VNS. We investigated the number and the frequency of ECT sessions before and after VNS implantation. Secondary criteria consisted in the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score, number of medical treatments, dosage of the main treatment and length of hospital stays before and after VNS. Additionally, we sent an anonymous survey to psychiatrists and other physicians in our institution to investigate their knowledge and perception of VNS therapy to treat treatment-resistant depression.ResultsSeven patients benefited from VNS: six (86%) were female (mean age of 51.7 +/− 16.0 years at surgery), and five (71%) suffered from bipolar depression (three type I and two type II). All patients were followed up at least 2 years post-implantation (range: 27–68 months). Prior to VNS, six patients were treated by maintenance ECT. After VNS, three (43%) patients did not require maintenance ECT anymore, and three (43%) patients required less frequent ECT session with a mean 14.7 +/− 9.8 weeks between sessions after VNS vs. 2.9 +/− 0.8 weeks before VNS. At last follow-up, 4 (57%) patients had stopped ECT. Five (71%) patients implanted with VNS were good responders (50% decrease relative to baseline MADRS). According to the survey, psychiatrists had a significantly better perception and knowledge of ECT, but a worse perception and knowledge of VNS compared to other physicians.ConclusionVNS is a good option for treatment-resistant depression requiring maintenance ECT dependence. Larger on-going studies will help broaden the implanted patients while strengthening psychiatrists’ knowledge on this therapy.
The influence of different sources of anticipated instrumental support on depressive symptoms in older adults
Authors: Fu Duanduan , Wang Fang , Gao Baizhi , Bai Qin , Liu Guilin , Zhu Jinghui 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study investigated how anticipated instrumental support sources and intergenerational support influence depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults.MethodsWe employed binary logistic regression on data from 7,117 adults aged ≥60 in the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, controlling for gender, marital status, and self-rated health.Results38.89% of respondents exhibited depressive symptoms. Anticipated support from spouse and children, spouse only, children only, or other sources showed 52, 25, 46, and 40% lower odds of depression, respectively, compared with no anticipated support. Those providing financial support had 36% higher odds of depression than those without exchanges. However, those receiving financial support, receiving instrumental support, and receiving and providing financial and emotional support had 19, 14, 23, and 24% lower odds of depression.ConclusionDifferent anticipated instrumental support sources and intergenerational support influenced depression odds in older adults, suggesting potential benefits in promoting such support systems.
Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices among residents in the Northeast areas of China during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Hou Liyan , Xia Xueyan , Du Ying , Zhang Yu , Li Shuangshuang , Liu Wen , Zhao Jie , Wang Ke , Zhang Lei , Wang Qingshan 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to affect the daily life of communities worldwide. Nutrition is a vital determinant of overall health. Given the lack of specific drugs for COVID-19 and incomplete vaccination coverage, optimizing nutrition appears to be one of the most cost-effective means of enhancing immunity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to offer insights into the personal determinants of dietary behavior during COVID-19 pandemic in four major cities within the Northeast region.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered in EpiData V-3.02 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was also employed to examine the association between dependent and independent variables.ResultsA total of 4,092 respondents were included in the study. Most of the respondents demonstrated had inadequate nutrition knowledge, 26% of them provided ≥60% of correct answers. About one-third of the respondents were knowledgeable about the daily levels of oil, salt, milk, water, vegetables and fruits for adults. Furthermore, our results showed that 60.6% of participants held positive attitudes toward healthy eating. Additionally, only 54.6% of the participants have heathy dietary practices during COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following characteristics were associated with displaying unhealthy dietary behaviors: being men, having a lower education level, having a family income of 10,000–19,999 and more than 20,000, being resided in Harbin, Shenyang, and Changchun. Importantly, the strongest associations were observed between poor dietary knowledge and unhealthy eating behaviors. Similarly, dietary attitudes were strongly associated with healthy dietary behaviors when the effects of other factors were excluded; responders with negative attitudes were more likely to exhibit unhealthy eating behaviors.ConclusionOur findings suggest that residents in the Northeast China possessed a relatively low level of nutritional knowledge, which directly influenced their dietary practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable insights into the cross-sectional description and key factors related to nutrition-related KAP, serving as a basis for future policymaking to respond more effectively to health crises.
Accounting for 3D radiative effects in MODIS aerosol retrievals near clouds using CALIPSO observations
Authors: Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Levy Robert , Schuster Gregory 
Published: January 2024

Retrieval of aerosol properties near clouds from passive remote sensing is challenging. Sunlight scattered by clouds into nearby clear regions can effectively enhance the clear area reflectance. These cloud 3D radiative effects may lead to large biases in aerosol retrievals if uncorrected, risking the incorrect interpretation of satellite observations for aerosol–cloud interaction in a cloudy atmosphere. In earlier studies, we developed a simple two-layer model (2LM) to estimate the cloud-induced clear-sky radiance enhancements in cloud fields. In this study, we take advantage of CALIPSO lidar observations, which should not be affected by the 3D radiative effect, to study passive aerosol retrievals in cloud fields in the Amazon region, specifically those produced by the operational Dark Target algorithm applied to Aqua-MODIS. From 2 years’ worth of co-located CALIPSO/MODIS aerosol retrievals, we find a larger increase in operationally retrieved MODIS AOD from clear to cloudy regions (∼0.075 or ∼40%) than for the CALIPSO AOD (∼0.021 or ∼20%). The much larger increase in MODIS AOD is mainly due to the 3D radiative effects. After using the 2LM model to account for cloud 3D radiative effects, the clear to cloudy increase in MODIS AOD was reduced to ∼0.043 (∼23%), which is much closer to CALIPSO observations. The 3D corrected average MODIS AOD for cloudy conditions is significantly larger than AOD for clear conditions, even for cloud fraction (CF) less than 0.1, suggesting aerosols in cloudy conditions are characteristically different from aerosols in clear conditions. Furthermore, the 3D correction of AOD (i.e., τ1D−τ3D) increases linearly with CF for a large range of CF. We have also examined the impact of the 3D effect on aerosol Ångström Exponent (AE) and fine model fraction (FMF) of AOD. We found that the uncorrected average AE and FMF depend strongly on CF, ∼25% increase in AE (decrease in particle size) and ∼60% increase in FMF as CF increases from 0.05 to 0.45. The 3D correction leads to smaller average AE (bigger particle size) and FMF that are almost independent of CF. Thus, the 3D corrected aerosol properties are expected to provide more accurate information for better understanding aerosol–cloud interactions.
What consumers want in a sustainability food label: Results from online co-creation workshops in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Susanne , Benson Tony , Tsalis George , Futtrup Rebecca , Dean Moira , Aschemann-Witzel Jessica 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionChanges in consumers’ decision-making relating to food play an important role in the sustainable transition of the food system. However, assessing sustainability across choice alternatives is complex. A holistic or multi-dimensional ‘summary’ sustainability label for food could help consumers make more informed choices, but it is important that such a label is developed taking consumers’ perception and understanding of sustainability into consideration. Hence, it is necessary to understand consumers’ needs and wants in a sustainability food label. The objective of this study is therefore to explore in-depth consumer perceptions and preferences for sustainability as a concept in food production as well as for a sustainability label for food.MethodA total of six online co-creation workshops were carried out in the UK and Ireland (3 groups, n = 24) and Denmark (3 groups, n = 21) using an interactive platform, where participants over the course of two weeks discussed and engaged in creative tasks related to food and sustainability.ResultsResults show that consumers in lack information about the sustainability of food products. There were differences with regards to which of 10 pre-tested indicators of sustainability (nature preservation, climate change, animal welfare, fair wages, biodiversity, pollution, health, equality, economic growth and culture) were perceived as most important. The information participants discussed as relevant for a sustainability label included transportation, the degree of processing, and packaging, with some country differences. Consumers acknowledged the complexity of designing and understanding a sustainability food label and existing nutrition labels served as inspiration for creating a sustainability label. Consumers recommended more responsibility to be taken by retailers and food producers through public information campaigns to create awareness.DiscussionPros and cons of co-creating a sustainability label with consumers online are discussed as well as the implications for consumers, the food industry and policy makers.
L’origine des déviations actuelles
Authors: Mestre Jean-Louis 
Published: January 2024

El origen de las desviaciones actuales
Bajo la monarquía prerevolucionaria, la multiplicidad de intervenciones del poder público tiene como consecuencia la aparición de una gran diversidad de formas jurídicas de esta acción. El caso más típico es el de las formas : servicios públicos económicos cuya gestión es a veces pública, a veces privada. Igualmente se debe subrayar el caso de la Cámara de Comercio de Marsella o el de las sociedades privadas, a las cuales la administración confía el cuidado de misiones de interés público, particularmente en materia de renovación urbana.
En el siglo XIX, se ven aparecer una multitud de asociaciones de agricultores, así como también asociaciones sindicales de propietarios, que disponían de prerrogativas de poder público, las que son otras tantas manifestaciones de la existencia de una verdadera administración paralela. En la primera mitad del siglo XX, las estructuras administrativas del antiguo régimen se substituyen por nuevas formas de administración, encontrándose las más interesantes en Provence, los oficios y la primera sociedad de economía mixta : La Compañía Nacional del Rhône, manifestaciones sobre el recurso que la administración prestaba a los empresarios privados, bajo la extensión de la noción de interés general.
La protection due par l’Administration à ses agents
Authors: Plouvin Joël-Yves 
Published: January 2024

The protection owed by the administration to its agents

Established by the statute of 1946, the functional protection owed by the state to its officiais is presently governed by article 12, line 2, of the general Statute for civil servants of 1959.
To benefit from this protection, an obligation which can only be suspended under the control of a judge for reasons of general interest, the public servant must prove that he has suffered, in the course of his duties, a threat or an attack such as bodily injury, material damage or defamation of character. The implementation of administrative functional protection thus implies the existence of a number of conditions.
The refusal to adopt a liberal interpretation of the provisions of aforesaid article 12, forced the administrative judge to base the claiment’s rights to an indemnity, having been subjected to extraordinary risks, on the principle of equality of citizens before the public charge.
One question remains unanswered : does article 12, of which the rule was formalized in the statute of magistrates and local administrators, express a general principle of right which could be applied without further recourse to all public servants ?
Les systèmes européens de formation en matière d’administration publique
Authors: König Klaus 
Published: January 2024

The european systems of training for public service
A comparative analysis of the Systems of training for government employees, the career conditions in government service and the Systems of education highlights the diversity of historical development in Western Europe and the similarity between the efforts to solve problems which are very often identical. A number of common features become apparent, such as the persistence of the privileged status of lawyers, the institutionalization of training for public service, etc. One of the basic features can be considered to be the conditions favouring the organization of a course of study at university level specifically related to government service. This kind of approach has been recently adopted in European countries — witness, for example, the Universities of Konstanz (Western Germany), Tampere (Finland) and Twente (Netherlands). A change is taking place in the requirements for a broad general education and technical knowledge. The training programmes concentrate on the areas of public administration and policy. These involve a twin specialization — based primarily on the social sciences and secondly on the public service career.
Le perfectionnement des fonctionnaires en République fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Mattern Karl-Heinz 
Published: January 2024

El perfeccionamiento de los funcionarios en RFA
La Academia Federal para la Administración Pública, creada el 11 de junio de 1969 para asegurar el perfeccionamiento de los funcionarios, actúa en estrecha colaboración con la administración y aplica los métodos de participación intensiva, asi como de trabajo en grupo. Sus actividades se desarrollan dentro de cuatro direcciones : la iniciación de los jóvenes funcionarios en las misiones de la administración ; la adaptación en el ejercicio de las funciones ; el perfeccionamiento en vista de la promoción interna ; el perfeccionamiento dentro de la esfera internacional. Los contactos con los Estados de las Comunidades Europeas, se han desarrollado particularmente con Francia y la Gran Bretaña.