bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly I‐C Induces Early Embryo Loss in F344 Rats: a Potential Role for NK Cells
Authors: Arad Michal , Atzil Shir , Shakhar Keren , Adoni Anat , Ben‐Eliyahu Shamgar 
Published: June 2005

Problem:  Natural killer (NK) cells were associated with first trimester embryo loss. The current study in the inbred F344 rat assessed the role of NK cells in mediating resorptions caused by poly I‐C, a non‐specific immunostimulator.Method of study:  On fifth day of gestation, rats were injected intraperitoneally with anti‐NKR‐P1 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to deplete NK cells, and with mouse serum or saline to control for non‐specific effects. Poly I‐C (4 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle were administered 2 days later. Resorptions were assessed on day 13.5.Results:  Poly I‐C significantly elevated resorption rates, and anti‐NKR‐P1 abolished this effect. Body weight was reduced in all rats treated with poly I‐C, including NK‐depleted rats. This indicates the ability of NK‐depleted rats to respond to poly I‐C, yet to refrain from the resorption‐promoting effects of poly I‐C.Conclusions:  This study suggests a role for NK cells in mediating poly I‐C‐induced resorptions.
Evidence for Smoking Cessation: Implications for Gender‐Specific Strategies
Authors: Singleton Joanne K. , Levin Rona F. , Feldman Harriet R. , Truglio‐Londrigan Marie 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Background: Facilitating smoking cessation requires an evidence‐based approach. The Lienhard School of Nursing Institute for Healthy Aging in the United States, whose focus is providing health information to aging baby boomers, developed an interest in studying strategies for smoking cessation in women. Approach: Studies were reviewed and critiqued related to the question: What is the relative efficacy of first‐line smoking cessation interventions for women versus men in the 40‐ to 65‐year‐old age group? This article first discusses the procedure used to construct an integrative framework for finding the evidence on smoking cessation, including a literature search and refinement of the problem to be studied, and then a summary of the evidence gathered on the selected variable (gender) and interventions (counseling, pharmacotherapy, nicotine replacement therapy). Findings: Evidence was found that supports the general efficacy of three first‐line smoking cessation interventions: counseling, bupropion‐sustained release (BSR), and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). What the evidence does not show, however, is which of these interventions may be more effective for women versus men in general or specifically in the 40‐ to 65‐year‐old age group. Recommendations: Recommendations include the development of a clinical trial and the inclusion from the outset of gender as a major variable in all future intervention studies. Implications: Practice implications include the fact that since effective treatments already exist for assisting clients to stop smoking, all health‐care providers should offer an intervention that has been found effective to any client who expresses a desire to quit smoking. Further studies of efficacy are needed to develop more focused implications. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2005; 2(2):63‐74
From Workshop to Work Practice: An Exploration of Context and Facilitation in the Development of Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Ellis Isabelle , Howard Peter , Larson Ann , Robertson Jeanette 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Background: This article examines the process of translating evidence into practice using a facilitation model developed by the Western Australian Centre for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery. Aims: Using the conceptual framework Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS), the aims of the study were (1) to explore the relative and combined importance of context and facilitation in the successful implementation of a new evidence‐based clinical practice protocol and (2) to examine the establishment of more lasting change to individuals and organizations that resulted in greater incorporation of the principles of evidence‐based practice (EBP). Methods: A pre‐workshop, semi‐structured telephone survey with 16 nurse managers in six rural hospitals; a summative evaluation immediately post‐workshop with 54 participants; and follow‐up, semi‐structured interviews with 23 workshop participants. Findings: The contexts in each of the participating hospitals were very different; of the six hospitals, only one had not implemented the new protocol. Five had reviewed their practices and brought them in line with the protocol developed at the workshop. The rate of adoption varied considerably from 2 weeks to months. The participants reported being better informed about EBP in general and were positive about their ability to improve their practice and search more efficiently for best practice information. Underlying motivations for protocol development should be included in the PARIHS framework. Implications for Education: Good facilitation appears to be more influential than context in overcoming the barriers to the uptake of EBP. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 2005; 2(2):84‐93
ANALYSIS OF STERYL GLUCOSIDES IN FOODS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS BY SOLID‐PHASE EXTRACTION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: PHILLIPS KATHERINE M. , RUGGIO DAVID M. , ASHRAF‐KHORASSANI MEHDI 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT A method to quantify β‐sitosterol (BSS) and β‐sitosteryl glucoside (BSSG) in dietary supplements containing added BSS and BSSG was developed and also validated for the analysis of naturally occurring free and esterified sterols and steryl glucosides in foods. Steryl glucosides were extracted with hexane‐diethyl ether (1 : 1, v/v) after the alkaline saponification of a powdered supplement or of total lipid extracts of whole wheat flour, granola bars, soybeans, flaxseed, dried figs, peanut butter, lyophilized mixed vegetables, almonds, pine nuts and a diet homogenate. An oil‐based supplement was analyzed directly. Steryl glucosides were isolated by solid‐phase extraction, derivatized and quantified as trimethylsilyl ethers using capillary gas chromatography (GC) with a 5% diphenyl−95% dimethylpolysiloxane column. Recovery studies using a commercially available mixed steryl glucoside standard and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses validated the method. Approximately 2–36 mg/100 g (9–37%) of total sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol in the foods was contributed by the glucosides.
QUALITY CHANGES IN SELECTED FRYING FATS DURING HEATING IN A MODEL SYSTEM
Authors: DANOWSKA‐OZIEWICZ MARZENA , KARPIŃSKA‐TYMOSZCZYK MIROSŁAWA 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The quality changes in rapeseed and soybean oils and hardened frying fat during heating were investigated. Two kilograms of samples were heated at 180 ± 2C in an open deep‐fat fryer during six consecutive days (2 × 2 h per day) until the total time of heat treatment was 24 h. The samples were evaluated after every 2 h of heating. The indices used for evaluation of quality changes in fat and oils were: acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), carbonyl value (CV) and 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. The fatty acid compositions of oils and fat before heating were also determined. The lower intensity of hydrolytic and oxidative changes during heating, as measured by selected indices of quality, suggests wider use of hardened frying fat for food frying.
LIQUID HOLDING CAPACITY AND INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS L.) RELATED TO BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: NIELSEN DURITA , HYLDIG GRETHE , NIELSEN JETTE , NIELSEN HENRIK HAUCH 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Instrumental texture measurements done on raw herring fillets only partly describe the sensory texture of marinated herring fillets. Sensory texture parameters of marinated fillets were related to instrumental texture measurements of raw fillets by three different data analysis approaches. Uniaxial compression measurements were used as a single parameter, as compression curves or fitted to polynomials. Data from all three methods were related to sensory firmness (r = 0.310–0.366, P < 0.05). Elasticity could be predicted from the maximum compression force (r = 0.181, P < 0.05). The compression curve contained information correlating with all the measured sensory texture parameters (r = 0.102–0.310, P < 0.05), while the fitted polynomials, in addition to firmness, could predict fatty mouthfeel (r = 0.201, P < 0.05). The most information about the sensory texture was obtained from the compression curves. This study shows that the texture properties of herring are highly intercorrelated and can be regarded as a multivariate complex of parameters. The liquid holding capacity (LHC), defined as the moisture held after a low centrifuge speed expressible moisture measurement, and the texture of herring are influenced by a variety of factors, e.g., spawning time of year, gonad maturity, body size, age and lipid content (P < 0.05). Increases in body weight, age and lipid content are intercorrelated and result in marinated fillets being more firm, elastic, juicy and fatty. Decreases in these factors will give marinated fillets that are perceived to be gritty and with low intensities of firmness, elasticity, juiciness and fatty mouthfeel.
EFFECTS OF SAMPLE THICKNESS ON BITE FORCE FOR RAW CARROTS AND FISH GELS
Authors: KOHYAMA KAORU , HATAKEYAMA EIKO , DAN HARUKA , SASAKI TOMOKO 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The effects of food thickness on human bite force were investigated using a multiple‐point sheet sensor and electromyography. The total force and contact area were directly measured in real time using the sensor, and the average stress detected between the teeth and a food sample (active stress) was derived from the ratio of the force to the contact area. Raw carrots and fish gels with different thicknesses were bitten between the upper and lower incisors or molars by healthy women. For hard and brittle carrots, the peak force, contact area and active stress at the fracture point were greater in thicker samples when biting with incisors. For soft and tough gels, the peak force and contact area were increased as thickness increased; however, the active stress was similar in incisor bites. These values did not differ significantly with thickness in the molar bites of both samples. Although the force and contact area were greater for molar bites than incisor ones, the active stresses at fracture point were independent of tooth position. The sample thicknesses influenced the bite force of humans and the stress applied to the sample, and the effects differed with sample texture.
A Genome Sequence Survey Shows that the Pathogenic YeastCandida parapsilosisHas a DefectiveMTLa1Allele at Its Mating Type Locus
Authors: Logue Mary E. , Wong Simon , Wolfe Kenneth H. , Butler Geraldine 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTCandida parapsilosisis responsible for ca. 15% ofCandidainfections and is of particular concern in neonates and surgical intensive care patients. The related speciesCandida albicanshas recently been shown to possess a functional mating pathway. To analyze the analogous pathway inC. parapsilosis, we carried out a genome sequence survey of the type strain. We identified ca. 3,900 genes, with an average amino acid identity of 59% withC. albicans. Of these, 23 are predicted to be predominantly involved in mating. We identified a genomic locus homologous to theMTLamating type locus ofC. albicans, but theC. parapsilosistype strain has at least two internal stop codons in theMTLa1open reading frame, and two predicted introns are not spliced. These stop codons were present inMTLa1of all eightC. parapsilosisisolates tested. Furthermore, we found that all isolates ofC. parapsilosistested appear to contain only theMTLaidiomorph at the presumptive mating locus, unlikeC. albicansandC. dubliniensis.MTLαsequences are present but at a different chromosomal location. It is therefore likely that all (or at least the majority) ofC. parapsilosisisolates have a mating pathway that is either defective or substantially different from that ofC. albicans.
Ability of Sit4p To Promote K+Efflux via Nha1p Is Modulated by Sap155p and Sap185p
Authors: Manlandro Cara Marie A. , Haydon Devon H. , Rosenwald Anne G. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate here thatSAP155encodes a negative modulator of K+efflux in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression ofSAP155decreases efflux, whereas deletion increases efflux. In contrast, a homolog ofSAP155, calledSAP185, encodes a positive modulator of K+efflux: overexpression ofSAP185increases efflux, whereas deletion decreases efflux. Two other homologs,SAP4andSAP190, are without effect on K+homeostasis. BothSAP155andSAP185require the presence ofSIT4for function, which encodes a PP2A-like phosphatase important for the G1-S transition through the cell cycle. Overexpression of either the outwardly rectifying K+channel, Tok1p, or the putative plasma membrane K+/H+antiporter, Kha1p, increases efflux in both wild-type andsit4Δstrains. However, overexpression of the Na+-K+/H+antiporter, Nha1p, is without effect in asit4Δ strain, suggesting that Sit4p signals to Nha1p. In summary, the combined activities of Sap155p and Sap185p appear to control the function of Nha1p in K+homeostasis via Sit4p.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Heat Shock Transcription Factor Regulates Cell Wall Remodeling in Response to Heat Shock
Authors: Imazu Hiromi , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The heat shock transcription factor Hsf1 of the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
regulates expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins and a variety of other proteins as well. To better understand the cellular roles of Hsf1, we screened multicopy suppressor genes of a temperature-sensitive
hsf1
mutation. The
RIM15
gene, encoding a protein kinase that is negatively regulated by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, was identified as a suppressor, but Rim15-regulated stress-responsive transcription factors, such as Msn2, Msn4, and Gis1, were unable to rescue the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of the
hsf1
mutant. Another class of suppressors encoded cell wall stress sensors, Wsc1, Wsc2, and Mid2, and the GDP/GTP exchange factor Rom2 that interacts with these cell wall sensors. Activation of a protein kinase, Pkc1, which is induced by these cell wall sensor proteins upon heat shock, but not activation of the Pkc1-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, was necessary for the
hsf1
suppression. Like Wsc-Pkc1 pathway mutants,
hsf1
cells exhibited an osmotic remedial cell lysis phenotype at elevated temperatures. Several of the other suppressors were found to encode proteins functioning in cell wall organization. These results suggest that Hsf1 in concert with Pkc1 regulates cell wall remodeling in response to heat shock.
ABG1
, a Novel and Essential
Candida albicans
Gene Encoding a Vacuolar Protein Involved in Cytokinesis and Hyphal Branching
Authors: Veses Verónica , Casanova Manuel , Murgui Amelia , Domínguez Ángel , Gow Neil A. R. , Martínez José P. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Immunoscreening of a
Candida albicans
expression library resulted in the isolation of a novel gene encoding a 32.9-kDa polypeptide (288 amino acids), with 27.7% homology to the product of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
YGR106c, a putative vacuolar protein. Heterozygous mutants in this gene displayed an
a
ltered
b
udding
g
rowth pattern, characterized by the formation of chains of buds, decreasingly in size towards the apex, without separation of the daughter buds. Consequently, this gene was designated
ABG1
. A conditional mutant for
ABG1
with the remaining allele under the control of the
MET3
promoter did not grow in the presence of methionine and cysteine, demonstrating that
ABG1
was essential for viability. Western analysis revealed the presence of a major 32.9-kDa band, mainly in a particulate fraction (P40) enriched in vacuoles, and tagging with green fluorescent protein confirmed that Abg1p localized to the vacuole. Vacuole inheritance has been linked to the regulation of branching frequency in
C. albicans
. Under repressing conditions, the conditional mutant had an increased frequency of branching under hyphal inducing conditions and an altered sensitivity to substances that interfered with cell wall assembly. Repression of
ABG1
in the conditional mutant strain caused disturbance of normal size and number of vacuoles both in yeast and mycelial cells and also in the asymmetric vacuole inheritance associated with the characteristic pattern of germ tubes and branching in
C. albicans
. These observations indicate that
ABG1
plays a key role in vacuole biogenesis, cytokinesis, and hyphal branching.
Small Sense and Antisense RNAs Derived from a Telomeric Retroposon Family in
Giardia intestinalis
Authors: Ullu Elisabetta , Lujan Hugo D. , Tschudi Christian 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Sequencing of a library of small RNAs from
Giardia intestinalis
identified a novel class of small sense and antisense RNAs homologous to the retroposon family GilT/Genie1 that is located at certain telomeres. These small RNAs may contribute to silencing GilT expression via the RNA interference pathway.
A Cysteine-Rich Extracellular Protein Containing a PA14 Domain Mediates Quorum Sensing in
Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Kolbinger Alexandra , Gao Tong , Brock Debbie , Ammann Robin , Kisters Axel , Kellermann Joseph , Hatton Diane , Gomer Richard H. , Wetterauer Birgit 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Much remains to be understood about quorum-sensing factors that allow cells to sense their local density.
Dictyostelium discoideum
is a simple eukaryote that grows as single-celled amoebae and switches to multicellular development when food becomes limited. As the growing cells reach a high density, they begin expressing discoidin genes. The cells secrete an unknown factor, and at high cell densities the concomitant high levels of the factor induce discoidin expression. We report here the enrichment of discoidin-inducing complex (DIC), an ∼400-kDa protein complex that induces discoidin expression during growth and development. Two proteins in the DIC preparation, DicA1 and DicB, were identified by sequencing proteolytic digests. DicA1 and DicB were expressed in
Escherichia coli
and tested for their ability to induce discoidin during growth and development. Recombinant DicB was unable to induce discoidin expression, while recombinant DicA1 was able to induce discoidin expression. This suggests that DicA1 is an active component of DIC and indicates that posttranslational modification is dispensable for activity. DicA1 mRNA is expressed in vegetative and developing cells. The mature secreted form of DicA1 has a molecular mass of 80 kDa and has a 24-amino-acid cysteine-rich repeat that is similar to repeats in
Dictyostelium
proteins, such as the extracellular matrix protein ecmB/PstA, the prespore cell-inducing factor PSI, and the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor PDI. Together, the data suggest that DicA1 is a component of a secreted quorum-sensing signal regulating discoidin gene expression during
Dictyostelium
growth and development.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SOME PHOSPHATE GLASSES WITH MOLYBDENUM IONS
Authors: MAGDAS D. A. , COZAR O. , ARDELEAN I. , DAVID L. 
Published: June 2005

The structure of x MoO 3·(100-x)[2 P 2 O 5· PbO ] glass system with 0≤x≤50 mol % is investigated by IR and Raman spectroscopies. The characteristic bands of the glass matrix [2 P 2 O 5· PbO ] and MoO 3 oxide due to the stretching and bending vibrations are identified. This allows us to identify the specific structural units which occur in these glasses and to deduce the role of the MoO 3 oxide on the structural aspects of 2 P 2 O 5· PbO network. At high MoO 3 content a depolymerization of the phosphate structure appears and the short phosphate chain units or ring structures are formed too.
A MEAN-VARIANCE-SKEWNESS MODEL: ALGORITHM AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: KONNO HIROSHI , YAMAMOTO REI 
Published: June 2005

We will show that a mean-variance-skewness portfolio optimization model, a direct extension of the classical mean-variance model can be solved exactly and fast by using the state-of-the-art integer programming approach. This implies that we can now calculate a portfolio with maximal expected utility for any decreasing risk averse utility function. Also, we will show that this model can be used as a practical tool for constructing a portfolio when the asset returns follow skewed distribution. As an example, we apply this model to construct an index plus alpha portfolio.
A TWO-STATE MODEL FOR NOISE-INDUCED RESONANCE IN BISTABLE SYSTEMS WITH DELAY
Authors: FISCHER MARKUS , IMKELLER PETER 
Published: June 2005

We discuss a simplified model for a symmetric bistable system with memory or delay, the reference model, which in the presence of noise, exhibits a phenomenon similar to what is known as stochastic resonance. The reference model is given by a one-dimensional parametrized stochastic differential equation with point delay, basic properties whereof we check. With the aim of capturing the effective dynamics and, in particular, the resonance-like behavior of the reference model, we construct a simplified or reduced model, the two-state model, first in discrete time, then in the limit of discrete time tending to continuous time. The main advantage of the reduced model is that it enables us to explicitly calculate the distribution of residence times which in turn can be used to characterize the phenomenon of noise-induced resonance. Drawing on what has been proposed in the physics literature, we outline a heuristic method for establishing the link between the two-state model and the reference model. The resonance characteristics developed for the reduced model can thus be applied to the original model.
OPTIMAL STOPPING WITH DELAYED INFORMATION
Authors: ØKSENDAL BERNT 
Published: June 2005

We study a general optimal stopping problem for a strong Markov process in the case when there is a time lag δ > 0 from the time τ when the decision to stop is taken (a stopping time) to the time τ + δ when the system actually stops. Equivalently, we impose the constraint that the admissible times for stopping are stopping (Markov) times with respect to the delayed flow of information. It is shown that such a problem can be reduced to a classical optimal stopping problem by a simple transformation. The results are applied: (i) to find the optimal time to sell an asset (ii) to solve an optimal resource extraction problem, in both cases under delayed information flow.
A METHOD OF EXTRACTING AND EVALUATING GOOD AND BAD REPUTATIONS FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE EXPRESSIONS
Authors: FUKETA MASAO , KADOYA YUKI , ATLAM ELSAYED , KUNIKATA TSUTOMU , MORITA KAZUHIRO , KASHIJI SHINKAKU , AOE JUN-ICHI 
Published: June 2005

Although a users' opinion or a live voice is a very useful information for text mining of the business, it is difficult to extract good and bad reputations of users from texts written in natural language. The good and bad reputations discussed here depend on users' claims, interests and demands. This paper presents a method of determining these reputations in commodity review sentences. Multi-attribute rule is introduced to extract the reputations from sentences, and four-stage-rules are defined in order to evaluate good and bad reputations step by step. A deterministic multi-attribute pattern matching algorithm is utilized to determine the reputations efficiently. From simulation results for 2,240 review comments, it is verified that the multi-attribute pattern matching algorithm is 63.1 times faster than the Aho and Corasick method. The precision and recall of extracted reputations for each commodity are 94% and 93% respectively. Moreover, the precision and recall of the resulting reputations for each rule are 95% and 95% respectively.