bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Bound Eigenvalues of a Timoshenko-Ehrenfest Vibrating Beam Using the Wittrick-Williams Algorithm
Authors: Watson Andrew , Pellicano Francesco , Zippo Antonio , Howson W. Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Wittrick-Williams algorithm excels in solving transcendental eigenvalue problems arising from the exact solutions of governing differential equations. Initially developed for structural mechanics, where eigenvalues are non-negative, the algorithm’s versatility extends beyond. The authors demonstrate that negative eigenvalues, present in other scientific disciplines, do not hinder the algorithm’s effectiveness.
The exact solution to the axially loaded free vibration of the Timoshenko-Ehrenfest vibrating model was formulated in the early 1970s, marking a groundbreaking milestone in the study of vibration of continuous systems. The exact solution approach utilises the dynamic stiffness matrix method, providing a precise means to converge with certainty upon any specific natural frequency of a plane frame. This work was further developed in the following decade to include the scenario of a beam on an elastic foundation modelled as a Winkler foundation. More recently subsequent research by the first and fourth authors explored the computation of negative eigenvalues for the Laplace operator, analogous to the axial vibration of a bar.
The analysis method presented is specifically tailored to the free vibration of structural systems that can be precisely analyzed through exact solutions of differential equations. This results in real eigenvalues that are bounded below. While this approach necessitates the first eigenvalue to be real, this paper illustrates that the first eigenvalue can be either positive (as commonly seen in structural mechanics) or negative. This property enables the utilization of the Wittrick-Williams algorithm to converge on any desired eigenvalue with machine accuracy.
An example is provided by computing the first eigenvalue of a Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam supported by a negative stiffness spring. Since the first eigenvalue is negative, the problem is redefined as a vibrating beam on an elastic foundation, ensuring the first eigenvalue becomes positive. Solving this modified problem reveals the necessary eigenvalues through a straightforward mathematical operation. This methodology finds broad applicability in mathematical disciplines where negative eigenvalues arise, providing an efficient means to extract the necessary eigenvalues. The vibration behavior of frameworks is directly analogous to solving the problem of differential operators acting on graphs or quantum graphs, a topic of current interest in mathematics. The spectral properties of quantum graphs can be obtained by the methods put forward by this paper. Thus, this paper showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the work.
Biomimetic Design and Development of an Oryctodromeus-Inspired Robotic Dinosaur Skeleton
Authors: Bingham Kyler , Hafezi Amir , Thapa Anish , Sourani Yancheshmeh Sara , Zakrevski Christopher , Berry Matthew , Das Shaibal , Walker Payton , Cortez Lopez Juan , Thompson Dominik , Gay Robert J. , Deemyad Taher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This project presents the design and development of a robotic dinosaur skeleton in real size inspired by Oryctodromeus, aimed at achieving bipedal locomotion with minimal actuation. Emphasizing the upper body, the study addresses the complex control and balance challenges inherent in bipedal robots. Our objective is to precisely replicate the movement and biomechanics of Oryctodromeus, known for its distinctive long tail and limited arm mobility. Adopting a holistic approach, the robotic skeleton integrates various mechanisms and materials tailored to activate different segments, ensuring synchronized movement reminiscent of the dinosaur’s locomotion. The design prioritizes minimal actuation with substantial modifications and mimics the leg structure from the avian characteristics. A user-friendly control system facilitates the seamless operation of various parts of the robot. Beginning with a detailed CAD model, subsequent phases involve prototype construction and rigorous testing, validating the efficacy of the design approach. Meticulous analysis and optimization of critical components enable biomimetic movement, supported by advanced simulation techniques. Utilizing emerging technologies such as additive manufacturing, the project streamlines fabrication processes while upholding structural integrity. Despite ongoing development, the robotic dinosaur holds promise for diverse applications in research, education, and entertainment, underscoring the interdisciplinary collaboration among engineers, paleontologists, and robotics experts.
Enhancing Engine Sound Classification With a CNN Model
Authors: Palreddy Chandana , Purimetla Ujjwal , Vijayakumar Harshith , Loignon Tyler , Gurupatham Sathish 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study introduces a novel methodology for classifying engine sounds into distinct categories, including Exhaust Leak, Rod Knock, and Lifter Tick, utilizing advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques. Despite diligent efforts, the classification model achieved a modest accuracy of 60%. One contributing factor to this performance could be the limited size and diversity of the training dataset, potentially failing to capture the full range of real-world engine sound variations. Additionally, the feature representation and selection process may not have fully captured the unique characteristics of each engine sound category. The classification model was developed using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. The CNN model comprises multiple convolutional layers followed by fully connected layers, enabling spatial feature extraction from spectrogram-based representations of engine sound recordings. Hyperparameters such as the number of convolutional filters, filter sizes, dropout rates, and learning rate were fine-tuned through empirical testing and cross-validation.
To enhance training effectiveness, 500 files per class were utilized for training data, while 50 files per class were reserved for testing purposes. This expanded dataset aims to provide a more comprehensive representation of engine sound variations across different categories.
Future research directions could involve augmenting the training dataset with a wider range of samples and implementing advanced feature engineering techniques like deep feature learning or transfer learning to extract more informative representations from raw audio data. Additionally, ensemble learning methods that combine multiple classifiers or models could boost classification performance by leveraging diverse insights. Furthermore, integrating domain-specific knowledge and expert annotations into the model training process may enhance its ability to generalize across various engine sound scenarios.
In conclusion, while the CNN model presented in this study shows promise for engine sound classification, there is potential for improvement in model architecture, feature representation, dataset augmentation, and domain knowledge integration. Addressing these aspects could lead to more accurate automotive diagnostic systems capable of identifying mechanical issues based on acoustic signatures, thereby enhancing vehicle safety and reliability.
Temperature-Responsive Needles for Improved Hemodialysis Patient Care
Authors: Sarker Fayad , Sklavounos Petros 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the United States, hemodialysis treatments commonly use medical-grade stainless needles. However, their rigidity often causes patient discomfort and vascular injury, adversely affecting treatment compliance. This study presents a novel needle fabricated from a thermoplastic polymer blend of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Polypropylene carbonate (PPC), and Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), designed to transition from a rigid to flexible state at body temperature. Tensile tests of our polymer blend produced a tensile modulus of 1.73 GPa at 24°C and 580 MPa at 37°C, corroborating that the needle remains sufficiently rigid during insertion and flexible to conform to the vasculature. This innovative needle design, with its dual-phase functionality, allows for vascular access and is seamlessly adoptable by practitioners accustomed to medical-grade stainless steel needles. Its glass transition behavior directly improves patient comfort, thereby improving patient adherence to regular hemodialysis treatments.
Minimally important change on the Columbia Impairment Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in youths seeking mental healthcare
Authors: Krause Karolin R , Lee Alina , Shan Di , Cost Katherine Tombeau , Hawke Lisa D , Cheung Amy H , Cleverley Kristin , de Oliveira Claire , Quinlan-Davidson Meaghen , Moretti Myla E , Henderson Jo L , Ma Clement , Szatmari Peter 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundEvidence-based mental health requires patient-relevant outcome data, but many indicators lack clinical meaning and fail to consider youth perceptions. The minimally important change (MIC) indicator designates change as meaningful to patients, yet is rarely reported in youth mental health trials.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish MIC thresholds for two patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), the Columbia Impairment Scale (CIS) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), using different estimation methods.MethodsA sample of 247 youths (14–17 years) completed the CIS and SDQ at baseline and at 6 months in a youth mental health and substance use trial. At 6 months, youths also reported perceived change. Three anchor-based (mean change, receiver operating characteristic analysis, predictive modelling) and three distribution-based methods (0.5 SD, measurement error, smallest detectable change) were compared.FindingsDifferent methods yielded varying MIC thresholds. Predictive modelling provided the most precise anchor-based MIC: −2.6 points (95% CI −3.6, –1.6) for the CIS and −1.7 points (95% CI −2.2, –1.2) for the SDQ, indicating that score improvements of 12% for the CIS and 8% for the SDQ may be perceived as ‘important’ by youths. However, correlations between change score and anchor were below 0.5 for both measures, indicating suboptimal anchor credibility. Stronger correlations between the anchor and T2 PROM scores compared with T1 scores suggest the presence of recall bias. All MIC estimates were smaller than the smallest detectable change.ConclusionsPredictive modelling offers the most precise MIC, but limited anchor credibility suggests careful anchor calibration is necessary.Clinical implicationsClinicians may consider the MIC CI as indicative of meaningful change when discussing treatment impact with patients.Trial registration numberNCT02836080.
Temperature and myocardial infarction among migrants in Kuwait
Authors: Wang Chenqing , Christiani David , Al-Hemoud Ali , Alahmad Barrak 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundKuwait, one of the world’s hottest countries, faces increasing temperatures due to climate change. With a large migrant population predominantly employed in physically demanding jobs, the exact effects and burdens of temperature exposure on cardiovascular risk among this population remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between temperature and myocardial infarction (MI) risk among migrants in Kuwait.MethodsMI hospital admissions data from 17 public hospitals in Kuwait from 2000 to 2017 were collected. Meteorological data, including daily temperatures and humidity, were obtained from monitoring stations. A time series analysis was conducted to examine the association between temperature and MI hospitalisation. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to study the lagged association of temperature. Seasonality, relative humidity and day of the week were adjusted for in the model. Excess hospitalisations attributed to temperature variations were calculated.ResultsA total of 26 839 MI cases were examined. The optimal temperature with the lowest MI cases was 39.2°C. Elevated MI risks were associated with both hot and cold temperatures above or below this threshold, particularly at shorter lag days. Hot temperatures showed a pronounced association at lag 0, while cold temperatures demonstrated a weak effect at lag 7. The cumulative risk of MI for cold temperatures was higher than the risk for hot temperatures. Annually, 300 (20.1%) MI cases can be attributed to all cool days (below 39.2°C). Very hot days (above 39.2°C) contributed to about 9 (0.6%) MI cases each year among migrants in Kuwait.ConclusionThe study revealed a substantial burden of both hot and cold ambient temperatures and the risk of MI at shorter lag days among the migrant population in Kuwait. This study provides valuable insights for government officials to mitigate exposure to extreme temperatures, especially in occupational settings.
Homozygous missense variant inC2orf69causes early-onset neurodegeneration, leukoencephalopathy and autoinflammation
Authors: Oh Rachel Youjin , Maier Michael , Blaser Susan , Cameron Jessie , Hawkins Cynthia , Reversade Bruno , Yoon Grace 
Published: January 2025

Biallelic pathogenic variants inC2orf69cause a fatal autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by recurrent autoinflammation, hypomyelination, progressive neurodegeneration, microcephaly, failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, respiratory chain defects and accumulation of glycogen in skeletal muscle. No missense variants inC2orf69have been reported to date.We report a 6-year-old boy with microcephaly, global developmental delays, lower limb spasticity with hyperreflexia, epilepsy, abnormal brain MRI, failure to thrive, recurrent fevers and transaminitis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense c.320 C>G, p.(Pro107Arg) variant of uncertain significance (VUS) inC2orf69. Skeletal muscle biopsy showed active and chronic muscle fibre degeneration with deposits of periodic acid–Schiff-positive material in affected tissues, consistent with abnormal glycogen storage. Mitochondrial respiratory assays were normal in muscle tissue. Primary patient fibroblasts showed normal levels of mRNA expression but significantly reduced levels of endogenous C2ORF69 protein and GBE1 by Western blot. We report a patient with a homozygous missense variant inC2orf69, causing loss of function. Depletion of endogenous GBE1 in affected cells can be considered a biomarker for this disorder and assist in the interpretation of VUS inC2orf69. This expands the clinical and genetic spectrum ofC2orf69-related disorder.
Impact of anesthetic methods on outcomes for patients with large core stroke undergoing endovascular treatment
Authors: Zhang Hongru , Fang Xing , Wu Mei , Fan Shitao , Guo Changwei , Yang Shihai , Shi Xiaolei , Huang Jia Cheng , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Peng Zhouzhou , Xu Xu , Ma Jinfu , Yang Dahong , Zi Wenjie , Li Fengli , Mao Qingxiang , Wan Junfang 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe optimal anesthetic method for endovascular therapy in acute large core stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anesthetic methods on outcomes in patients with large core stroke.MethodsThis study was a subanalysis of a prospective, multicenter registry at 38 stroke centers in China. Patients with large core stroke, defined as an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 0–5 within 24 hours of witnessed symptom onset, were analyzed. The primary outcome was favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–3) at 90 days.Results484 eligible patients were included in this analysis. General anesthesia (GA) was used in 84 patients (17.4%), while non-general anesthesia (non-GA) was used in 400 patients (82.6%). Non-GA was comparable to GA in the primary outcome (37.8% vs 32.1%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.60 to 1.91, P=0.83). Mortality at 90 days was 40% in the non-GA and 52.4% in the GA (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.22, P=0.21). The proportion of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at 48 hours was 13.8% in the non-GA and 11.9% in the GA (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.77, P=0.56). The results remained consistent in the propensity score-matched cohort and inverse probability of treatment weighting cohort.ConclusionIn this cohort study of patients with large core stroke, no significant differences were found in functional and safety outcomes between non-GA and GA.
“I don’t see anything specifically about Black/African Americans.” Testing an Alzheimer-specific generative AI tool tailored for African American/Black communities
Authors: Bosco Cristina , Shojaei Fereshtehossadat , Theisz Alec A. , Nguyen Vivian , Song Haoru , Han Ruixiang , Osorio Torres John A. , Chheda Darshil , Lin Jenny , Peng Xinran , Waseem Nawal Z. , Simpkins Chelsea , Cureton Bianca , Himes Anna K. , Jessup Nenette M. , Lu Yvonne , Hendrie Hugh C. , Barnes Priscilla A. , Hill Carl V. , Shih Patrick C. 
Published: January 2025

Low levels of health literacy concerning Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) impact African American/Black communities access to appropriate ADRD care. Additionally, a legacy of mistrust in medical research due to systemic racism, has resulted in insufficient participation in ADRD clinical trials among African American/Black adults.
This study explores the potential of generative AI to improve ADRD literacy and encourage participation in clinical trials among African American/Black older adults. We designed a mobile health intervention featuring AI-driven conversational agents - a chatbot and a voice assistant - specifically developed for this population. We tested the quality of the intervention using heuristics methodology adapted to the target population along with inputs from African American/ Black medical professionals and UX designers.
Key findings highlight the unique needs of the African American/Black communities for culturally relevant content that is accessible to users with varying language levels and tailored to users’ geographical location. Concerning the interaction, high levels of personalization and control over the interaction can promote the use of the tool, by minimizing complexity and maximizing accessibility.
These findings show the novel contribution offered by our study in the domain of designing health technology with generative AI, particularly LLMS, for African American/Black communities.
АНАЛІЗ ТРУДНОЩІВ ВІДПУСКУ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ЗА ЕЛЕКТРОННИМИ РЕЦЕПТАМИ
Authors: Koval V. M. , Kryvoviaz O. V. , Mykhalevych V. M. 
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи - визначення основних труднощів, що трапляються при відпуску лікарських засобів за е-рецептами фармацевтичними працівниками в аптеках, та виявлення закономірностей, що пов’язують ці труднощі з місцем розташування аптечного закладу, досвідом роботи фармацевтичного працівника та його віком.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі було використано метод опитування за допомогою анкетування; аналіз отриманих результатів проводили за допомогою математичних і статистичних методів, зокрема, обчислення коефіцієнтів кореляції, застосовували операцію перетворення категорійних змінних методами Label Encoding.
Результати та обговорення. Зроблений аналіз можливих причин виникнення труднощів щодо відпуску рецептурних лікарських засобів з аптек, які можуть бути пов’язані з факторами, що можна розділити на декілька категорій. У даній роботі здійснено оцінку впливу місця розташування аптечного закладу, віку та досвіду фармацевтичного працівника на досліджувану проблему.
Висновки. Здійснено аналіз стану відпуску лікарських засобів за електронними рецептами за допомогою розробленого інструменту – "Анкети-опитувальника для фармацевтів". Встановлено, що труднощі при відпуску лікарських засобів за е-рецептами виникають незалежно від місця розташування аптечного закладу. Близько 80 % е-рецептів, що відпускаються фармацевтичними працівниками, потребують до 5 хв часу на 1 е-рецепт незалежно від їхнього віку і професійного стажу. Незалежно від стажу професійної діяльності проблеми з відпуском е-рецептів виникають переважно у 10–20% випадків. За наявності чи відсутності особливих технічних труднощів з відпуском е-рецептів з аптечних закладів у кінцевому варіанті переважно не вдається відпустити від 10 % до 20 % лікарських засобів, виписаних за електронними рецептами.
Monocyte-Derived cxcl12 Guides a Directional Migration of Blood Vessels in Zebrafish
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaoning , Li Bowen , Wang Xin , Duan Xuchu , Liu Dong 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Sprouting blood vessels, reaching the aimed location, and establishing the proper connections are vital for building vascular networks. Such biological processes are subject to precise molecular regulation. So far, the mechanistic insights into understanding how blood vessels grow to the correct position are limited. In particular, the guide cues and the signaling-originating cells remain elusive.

METHODS:
Live imaging analysis was used to observe the vascular developmental process of zebrafish. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression profiles of the genes. Single-cell sequencing analysis was conducted to identify the guiding protein and its originating cells.

RESULTS:
Taking advantage of live imaging analysis, we described a directional blood vessel migration in the vascularization process of zebrafish pectoral fins. We demonstrated that pectoral fin vessel c migrated over long distances and was anastomosed with the second pair of intersegmental vessels. Furthermore, we found the cxcl12a-cxcr4a axis specifically guided this long-distance extension of pectoral fin vessel c–intersegmental vessel, and either inhibition or overexpression of cxcl12a-cxcr4a signaling both mislead the growth of pectoral fin vessel c to ectopic areas. Finally, based on an analysis of single-cell sequencing data, we revealed that a population of monocytes expresses the Cxcl12a, which guides the migration of the vascular sprout.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study identified Cxcl12a as the signaling molecule for orchestrating the organotypic-specific long-distance migration and anastomosis of the pectoral fin vessel and the intersegmental vessels in zebrafish. We discovered a specific cluster of
gata1
(globin transcription factor 1)-positive monocytes responsible for expressing Cxcl12a. The findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying organotypic vascularization in vertebrates.