bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inoculation (tattoo) leprosy: a report of 31 cases
Authors: Ghorpade A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThirty‐one female patients with leprosy lesions starting over tattoo marks observed over a period of 16 years are reported. All the patients belonged to the Chhattisgarh State, which is highly endemic for leprosy. Most of the patients were in the third decade of life. All of them had ornamental tattooing done by roadside tattoo artists, who used unsterile needles for tattooing a large gathering one after another with the same needles. In all of them, the first lesion of leprosy started over a tattoo mark. Twenty‐five cases had only single lesion of leprosy exclusively confined to tattoo marks. The duration between tattooing and appearance of first lesion in most of the cases varied from 10 to 20 years. Paucibacillary leprosy was the commonest type observed in 29 cases, while two had multibacillary leprosy. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in all cases. The present report supports the hypothesis of transmission of leprosy in these cases through tattooing. To the best of our knowledge, such a large collection of leprosy cases subsequent to tattooing has not been reported so far.
A case of giant congenital nevocytic nevus with neurotization and onset of vitiligo
Authors: Shin J‐H , Kim M‐J , Cho S , Whang K‐K , Hahm J‐H 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe authors report the case of a 21‐year‐old woman with a giant congenital nevocytic nevus (GCNN) who developed vitiligo at the age of 16 years on skin areas remote from the GCNN. This is the first reported case of GCNN developing neurotization combined with vitiliginous changes within the GCNN lesion. Treatment with PUVA achieved repigmentation of the vitiligo lesions, except for the hypochromic areas within the area of the nevus that were shielded from UVA radiation.
Psychiatric morbidity in vitiligo: prevalence and correlates in India
Authors: Mattoo SK , Handa S , Kaur I , Gupta N , Malhotra R 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTBackground Vitiligo, a common pigmentary disorder, is recognized to be associated with a high psychiatric morbidity, yet compared to other dermatological disorders like leprosy, psoriasis, etc., it has not been subjected to detailed evaluation of its psychological consequences. The data from the developing countries on this aspect in particular is meager.Methods One hundred and thirteen cases with vitiligo were evaluated along with 55 healthy controls comparable for sociodemographic profile and matched on attitude to appearance scale. Clinical details, impact of illness, associated dysfunction and psychological morbidity were additionally assessed.Results Twenty‐eight patients with vitiligo were found to have psychiatric morbidity, a clinic prevalence rate of 25% (95% confidence interval 20.3–29.3%). The majority of the cases had a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. Psychiatric morbidity was significantly correlated with dysfunction arising out of illness.Conclusions Vitiligo is associated with high psychiatric morbidity. There is a need to develop cross‐cultural database on psychosocial aspects and psychiatric morbidity associated with vitiligo.
Treatment and Management of Challenging Behaviours in Residential Settings
Authors: Emerson E. , Robertson J. , Gregory N. , Hatton C. , Kessissoglou S. , Hallam A. , Hillery J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAspects of the treatment and management of challenging behaviour were investigated among 500 adults with intellectual disabilities receiving various forms of residential supports. The present results indicated that: (1) 53% of participants were reported to have shown at least one ‘moderately serious’ or ‘severe’ form of challenging behaviour in the previous month; (2) the most commonly employed management strategies were physical restraint (used with 44% of people showing challenging behaviour), sedation (35%), seclusion (20%) and mechanical restraint (3%); (3) the most commonly employed ‘treatment strategies’ were goal setting within individual programme plans (used with 62% of people showing challenging behaviour), antipsychotic medication (49%), written intervention programmes (23%) and written behaviourally orientated intervention programmes (15%); and (4) factors identified through logistic regression analyses to be associated with the use of specific treatment and management strategies included personal characteristics of the person with intellectual disabilities (e.g. age and diagnosis of autism), resources (e.g. type of accommodation, cost of provision and staffing levels), the organization of resources (e.g, planning of support to residents) and the nature of the challenging behaviour (e.g. more sustained episodes of challenging behaviour).
A Treatment Service for Sex Offenders and Abusers with Intellectual Disability: Characteristics of Referrals and Evaluation
Authors: Lindsay William R. , Smith Anne H. W. , Law Jacqueline , Quinn Kathleen , Anderson Andrew , Smith Astrid , Overend Tim , Allan Ronald 
Published: March 2003

Background  Several authors have documented the problem of sex offenders and abusers with intellectual disability. With the advent of community care policies, alternative systems for treatment and management are needed to deal with the problems associated with this client group. The current paper describes such a service which attempts to maintain clients' community placements.Methods  A database was set up drawing on information from a wide variety of professions. Data are reported on 62 sex offenders and abusers with intellectual disability.Results  Information is reported on age, IQ, mental illness, medication, referral characteristics, current and previous sexual offending, forensic status and the range of problems identified during assessment. Re‐offending data are reported up to 4 years following discharge. Re‐offending rates increase from 4% after 1 year to 21% after 4 years. Unplanned discharge was significantly associated with re‐offending.Conclusions  It is possible to set up a relatively cost‐effective community service for sex offenders with intellectual disability. In terms of re‐offending, the outcomes for this service are favourable when compared to the outcomes for alternative disposals reported in the literature.
Issues of Informed Consent in Conducting Medical Research Involving People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Iacono Teresa , Murray Vanessa 
Published: March 2003

Background People with severe intellectual disability are considered vulnerable to exploitation in research. Discovery of exploitative practices in recent history has motivated the development of guidelines for informed consent and proxy decision‐making procedures when involving these individuals in research.Methods Issues for determining capability to provide informed consent and the proxy decision process are reviewed according to the literature, current ethics guidelines and recent legislature in Victoria, Australia.Results The complex process of involving in research people with severe intellectual disability who are particularly vulnerable by virtue of their institutionalized residential status is discussed within the context of a recent project into examining potential nutritional determinants of Pica behaviour (i.e. the eating of inedible items).Conclusions This example serves to highlight the role of legislation, various government bodies and researchers in balancing principles of protection of vulnerable groups and rights to self‐determination.
Resident Involvement in Activity in Small Community Homes for People with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Mansell Jim , Beadle‐Brown Julie , Macdonald Susan , Ashman Bev 
Published: March 2003

Background  Determining the relative importance of variables including client characteristics, setting features, staffing and care practices on the lives of people with learning disabilities in residential care continues to be a relevant topic for research.Methods  Measurements were made of the adaptive and problem behaviour of 343 adults with intellectual disabilities living in 76 residential homes and of various aspects of staffing, care practices (extent of active support) and resident engagement in meaningful activity. Ordinal and logistic regression was used to identify variables best predicting engagement and care practices.Results  Only adaptive behaviour and care practices predicted resident engagement in meaningful activity; only age and adaptive behaviour predicted care practices.Conclusions  Given the limited scope for changing resident adaptive behaviour, attention should be given to improve active support in residential homes in order to promote greater engagement in meaningful activity by people with learning disabilities.
Intrafollicular blood flow during human ovulation
Authors: Bourne T. H. , Jurkovic D. , Waterstone J. , Campbell S. , Collins W. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTransvaginal ultrasonography with color flow mapping has been used to study changes in intrafollicular blood flow and morphology during follicular rupture and presumed ovulation in one human volunteer. Detailed monitoring started on day 11 of the menstrual cycle and the follicle began to rupture at 14.30 on day 13. This event was preceded by a defined rise and peak in the level of immunoreactive serum luteinizing hormone (LH) by 42 h and 17 h 20 min, respectively. Blood vessels were clearly visible in the inner ring of the follicle (the granulosa layer) at the time of the LH peak and part of the granulosa (probably containing the oocyte) started to detach before the follicle ruptured. The maximum value for the peak blood velocity in the inner vessels was observed 10 s after the start of follicular rupture and there was a concurrent increase in the impedance to blood flow, as reflected by the resistance index and the pulsatility index. The follicle took 14 min 29 s to empty and the corpus haemorrhagicum started to form about 1 min later. These preliminary data suggest that intrafollicular angiogenesis and changes in blood flow can be monitored by a relatively non‐invasive technique. Changes in vascularity might be used to predict imminent ovulation and could possibly be identified or modified biochemically to help achieve or avoid a pregnancy. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonographic indications for karyotyping procedures. An international questionnaire
Authors: Degani S. , Gonen R. , Shapiro I. , Borochowitz Z. , Dar H. , Sharf M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn international survey was conducted to investigate attitudes to karyotyping procedures in cases of fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound. A questionnaire was sent to 111 current members of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The overall response rate was 48%.Analysis of the replies reflects a wide variation in the criteria for the definition of a sonographic abnormality, the indication for a diagnostic procedure, and the timing for intervention.The results emphasize the need for additional data on several sonographic findings (e.g. choroid plexus cysts, renal pyelectasis, short limbs) and for improved selection of patients for chromosomal investigation. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal macrosomia
Authors: Rosati P. , Exacoustós C. , Caruso A. , Mancuso S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMacrosomic infants and their mothers are at increased risk for intrapartum injury and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the effectiveness of individual ultrasound fetal measurements, ponderal indices and estimated fetal weight in the identification of macrosomia in 732 pregnant patients who underwent ultrasound examination within 7 days of delivery. All the indices evaluated were compared for accuracy in predicting birth weight. Statistical comparison revealed that estimated fetal weight predicted macrosomia better than single ultrasound parameters and ponderal indices. The formulae tested yielded an accuracy of 94% and a positive predictive value of 90%. Abdominal diameter and abdominal circumference values above the 90th centile correctly predicted macrosomia in 82% and 72% of cases, respectively. Fetal length showed a sensitivity of 61% with a predictive positive test of 41%. Femur length‐to‐abdominal circumference ratio detected macrosomia with a sensitivity of 80% and an accuracy of 82%. The other single ultrasound parameters and ponderal indices were significantly less indicative of macrosomia. The combined use of four indices (growth profile) did not improve the effectiveness of ultrasound in detecting fetal macrosomia. We conclude that the optimal prediction of fetal macrosomia is obtained from mathematical formulae for fetal weight estimation, based on several fetal measurement parameters and adjusted for different gestational periods. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The natural history of isolated fetal hydrothorax
Authors: Estoff J. A. , Parad R. B. , Frigoletto F. D. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe reviewed the prenatal course and outcome of 11 fetuses with isolated unilateral or bilateral hydro thoraces identified between 14 and 34 weeks' gestation, in the absence of invasive fetal intervention. Four of these fetuses died, three in utero and one in the newborn period. Six of seven survivors had resolution of hydrothorax before birth. Eight of the 11 fetuses had unilateral and three bilateral hydrothoraces. Six of the eight fetuses with unilateral hydrothorax survived, whereas one of the three with bilateral hydrothoraces lived. Six of the 11 pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios; four of these six fetuses died. One fetus was found to have trisomy 21. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions from the small number of patients in this report because of the wide range of outcomes found for the sonographic variables described. This series shows, however, a tendency to complete resolution of primary unilateral fetal hydrothorax, with good outcome, particularly in second‐trimester fetuses without polyhydramnios. Copyright © 1992 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Biometry of early pregnancy with transvaginal sonography
Authors: Grisolia G. , Milano K. , Pilu G. , Banzi C. , David C. , Gabrielli S. , Rizzo N. , Morandi R. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA prospective cross‐sectional study was performed in 248 pregnant women between 5 and 12 weeks' menstrual age with transvaginal sonography to establish biometric charts of the gestational sac, embryonic crown‐rump length and biparietal diameter, amniotic sac and yolk sac to be used for assessment of gestational age and prediction of pregnancy failure. Polynomial regression analysis was applied and demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation that could be described in all cases as a quadratic function, between gestational age and all the measurements with the exclusion of the yolk sac. Centile charts of both growth models and dating models were tabulated. The interrelationship between different measurements, including the gestational sac, crown‐rump length, biparietal diameter and amniotic sac was also evaluated to produce age‐independent charts. The dating model of the crown‐rump length was found to have mean values similar to those described in transabdominal studies. The 95% reference interval was, however, 8.4 days, which was not lower than those reported in most transabdominal studies. It was concluded that transvaginal sonography was more able than the abdominal route to allow measurement of the crown‐rump length in very early gestation, but did not yield a greater accuracy in predicting gestational age. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Early development of the forebrain and midbrain: a longitudinal ultrasound study from 7 to 12 weeks of gestation
Authors: Blaas H.‐G. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Kiserud T. , Hellevik L. R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this longitudinal study was to describe embryonic development in vivo. Twenty‐nine healthy pregnant women were examined five times with transvaginal ultrasound between 7 and 12 weeks of gestation. Brain structures such as the hemispheres, the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles, the diencephalon, and the mesencephalon were identified and, if possible, measured.It was possible to identify the cavities of the hemispheres, the diencephalon and the mesencephalon during week 7. The choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles became visible during week 8. The growth of the length, width and height of the hemispheres and the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles was curvilinear, that of the mesencephalon and diencephalon was linear except for the width of the diencephalon. The width of the diencephalon, the future third ventricle, was 1.1 mm during week 7. It decreased to 0.8 mm at 12 weeks. Apart from the rhombencephalon, the cavity of the diencephalon was the large dominating brain structure during embryonic development. In early fetal life the cerebral hemispheres took over this dominance.The study was in full agreement with descriptions in the embryological literature, both concerning the anatomical features and their chronological formation. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Significance of sonographically detected second‐trimester choroid plexus cysts: a series of 211 cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Nava S. , Godmilow L. , Reeser S. , Ludomirsky A. , Donnenfeld A. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA retrospective analysis of all fetuses with prenatally detected choroid plexus cysts, identified at our institution between 1988 and 1993, was performed. Cytogenetic data, associated sonographic findings, obstetric outcome and pediatric follow‐up was obtained to determine the incidence of aneuploidy and the rate of associated congenital anomalies in second‐trimester fetuses with this finding. There were 211 second‐trimester fetuses identified with a choroid plexus cyst. Amniocentesis was performed in 175 (83%) and postnatal chromosome analysis was performed in one newborn. Follow‐up data are available on 203 (96%). Of the 176 cytogenetically studied fetuses, eight (4.5%) were aneuploid (including four cases of trisomy 18). In four of the aneuploid fetuses, the choroid plexus cyst was the only abnormal sonographic finding identified (including one case of trisomy 18). From this study and a review of the literature, we confirm that choroid plexus cysts are a sonographic marker for trisomy 18, even when identified as an isolated finding in an otherwise normal‐appearing fetus. We conclude that the detection of a choroidplexus cyst merits further careful evaluation of fetal anatomy and consideration of cytogenetic evaluation. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Effect of standing on non‐pregnant uterine blood flow
Authors: Dickey R. P. , Hower J. F. , Matulich E. M. , Brown G. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUterine artery blood flow measurements made solely in the recumbent position may miss physiological changes that occur while patients are upright. We evaluated the effect of standing on the minute blood flow volume of the ascending uterine artery, the pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and waveforms and on the PI and RI of the myometrial spiral arteries and waveforms at 3–8 and at 9–14 min standing in 74 non‐pregnant women. At 9–14 min, the uterine artery blood flow volume had decreased by an average of 34% and the RI had significantly increased in 70% of subjects. Decreased uterine artery blood flow volume was associated with increased distal resistance and with decreased vessel diameter, possibly due to stretching or kinking of the uterine arteries. Changes in the spiral artery PI paralleled changes in the uterine artery PI at 9–14 min, but were less pronounced. Spiral artery PI and RI were not related to the uterine artery blood flow volume while women were recumbent, although they were significantly related while women were standing. The effects of age, uterine mobility and uterine position on uterine artery or spiral artery blood flow were apparent only while women were standing. We conclude that standing as well as recumbent studies are necessary when uterine and myometrial blood flow are evaluated, and that uterine flow volume per minute should be measured whenever possible. Copyright © 1994 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional imaging of the brain cavities in human embryos
Authors: Blaas H.‐G. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Kiserud T. , Berg S. , Angelsen B. , Olstad B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA system for high‐resolution three‐dimensional imaging of small structures has been developed, based on the Vingmed CFM‐800 annular array sector scanner with a 7.5‐MHz transducer attached to a PC‐based TomTec Echo‐Scan unit. A stepper motor rotates the transducer 180° and the complete three‐dimensional scan consists of 132 two‐dimensional images, video‐grabbed and scan‐converted in to a regular volumetric data set by the TomTec unit. Three normal pregnancies with embryos of gestational age 7, 9 and 10 weeks received a transvaginal examination with special attention to the embryonic/fetal brain. In all three cases, it was possible to obtain high‐resolution images of the brain cavities. At 7 weeks, both hemispheres and their connection to the third ventricle were delineated. The isthmus rhombencephali could be visualized. At 9 weeks, the continuous development of the brain cavities could be followed and at 11 weeks the dominating size of the hemispheres could be depicted. It is concluded that present ultrasound technology has reached a stage where structures of only a few millimeters can be imaged in vivo in three‐dimensions with a quality that resembles the plaster figures used in embryonic laboratories. The method can become an important tool in future embryological research and also in the detection of early developmental disorders of the embryo. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Resolution of unilateral fetal hydrothorax with associated non‐immune hydrops after intrauterine thoracentesis
Authors: Aguirre O. A. , Finley B. E. , Ridgway L. E. , Bennett T. L. , Cowles T. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCongenital hydrothorax has been successfully managed in utero by two different treatment modalities: thoracentesis and pleuroamniotic shunting. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data as to which method is better for the management of this problem. This case report supports the use of thoracentesis as the initial procedure for primary fetal hydrothorax. We report a pregnancy complicated by primary fetal hydrothorax with non‐immune hydrops that completely resolved after two thoracenteses in the early third trimester. Complete resolution was maintained throughout pregnancy without the need for further antenatal or neonatal intervention, i. e. further thoracentesis, pleuroamniotic shunt placement, intubation, or chest and/or abdominal tube placement. The child was delivered at 42 weeks and is doing well without problems at 1 year of age. We believe that intrauterine thoracentesis should be the initial procedure of choice for the treatment of primary fetal hydrothorax with mediastinal shaft, and pleuroamniotic shunting should be reserved for cases that require repetitive thoracenteses. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology