bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐speed DNA sequencing by tube‐based capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sakai Tomoyuki , Sonehara Tsuyoshi , Goda Chifumi , Kohara Yoshinobu , Anazawa Takashi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe assessed the feasibility of high‐speed DNA sequencing by tube‐based capillary electrophoresis (TCE) with electrokinetic sample injections. We developed a water‐circulated TCE system to control the capillary temperature precisely. Using this system and a ready‐made sieving matrix at 50°C, single‐stranded DNA size marker fragments were separated at various pairs of the electric field strength, E, of 128–480 V/cm and the capillary effective length, L, of 100–360 mm. Assuming the read length (RL) is the fragment size at which the peak width equals the peak interval per base in obtained electropherograms, we estimated the values of RL (E, L), the RL at the pair (E, L). The points in ELz‐space, (E, L, RL(E, L)), form a curved surface expressed by z = RL(E, L). Analyzing the contour lines of this curved surface, we determined the pairs of E and L providing target RLs of 300–500 bases within a minimum time. At a pair optimized for a 500‐base RL (330 V/cm, 200 mm), one‐color sequencing fragments were successfully separated up to 529 bases within 9.6 min. These results demonstrate that high‐speed DNA sequencing comparable with that obtained by microfabricated chip‐based capillary electrophoresis (MCE) can be achieved with TCE, which is more suitable in automation than MCE.
Membrane proteome analysis of the green‐sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum
Authors: Aivaliotis Michalis , Corvey Carsten , Tsirogianni Irene , Karas Michael , Tsiotis Georgios 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn extensive proteomic approach relies on the possibility to visualize and analyze various types of proteins, including membrane proteins, which are rarely detectable on two‐dimensional electrophoresis gels. In this study, different methods were employed for the enrichment of membrane proteins from Chlorobium tepidum prior to analysis with two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE). Isolated membranes were solubilized with Triton X‐100 and from the supernatant we identified 58 unique proteins. The use of ionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for protein solubilization, combined with acetone precipitation, resulted in an improved 2‐DE pattern and the total number of the identified proteins was increased to 117. The use of acetone for protein precipitation improved the results by extracting compounds potentially deleterious to the resolution of 2‐DE. However, the additional proteins detected by the use of SDS are in the majority more difficult to solubilize than less hydrophobic proteins. Further our attempts for selective extraction of the outer membrane proteins using the acid glycine method allowed the identification of 37 proteins of which 14 were predicted to have a signal sequence indicating their localization in the periplasmic space or in the outer membrane.
Description of an ultrathin multiwire proportional chamber‐based detector and application to the characterization of theSpraguea lophii(Microspora) two‐dimensional genome fingerprint
Authors: Mansour Lamjed , Cheikali Chafik , Desaunais Pierre , Coulon Jean‐Pierre , Daubin Josette , Hassine Oum Kaltoum Ben , Vivarès Christian P. , Jeanjean Jack , Cornillot Emmanuel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMultiwire proportional chamber is a useful technology to build detectors that supersede the lack of interactivity of autoradiography in molecular biology experiments. Some drawbacks still limited the diffusion of existing instruments in biological laboratories. The major competitors are storage phosphor imaging systems. The simplified description of a radio‐chromato‐imager prototype (RCI) based on an original ultrathin multiwire proportional chamber is presented. It combines the advantage of the different existing technologies to present competitive properties in terms of efficiency, spatial resolution, robustness, manipulation easiness and production cost. Application of the RCI detector to molecular biology was performed by the analysis of karyotype and restriction display two‐dimensional pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (KARD 2‐D PFGE) data which are used to describe small eukaryotic genome structures. The comparative analysis with autoradiography was performed with the PDQuest™ software onSpraguea lophii(Microspora) genome fingerprints. The spot detection procedure applied to the different images leads to a similar conclusion considering the genome structure ofS. lophiiwhich appeared to be composed of 15 chromosomes for 13 karyotypic bands (200–880 kbp).
Impact of pre‐treatment weight on weight trajectory in women treated for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Carter Frances A. , McIntosh Virginia V. W. , Joyce Peter R. , Gendall Kelly A. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and evaluate changes in weight‐related measures over 5‐year follow‐up for weight status groups identified at pre‐treatment.MethodsParticipants were 134 non‐pregnant women who had participated in a randomized clinical trial for bulimia nervosa. Women were categorized according to their pre‐treatment body mass index (BMI; weight in kg/height in m2) into the following groups: low weight (BMI < 20), normal weight (BMI 20–25) and overweight (> 25). Participants were assessed across treatment and at yearly intervals (or more) over 5‐year follow‐up.ResultsDescriptive data and repeated measures analyses of variance show a trend for patients identified as being overweight at pre‐treatment to change (gain) more in weight and BMI over time than low weight or normal weight groups.ConclusionWeight status groups identified at pre‐treatment may have different patterns of weight change over time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Personality and psychopathological traits of males with an eating disorder
Authors: Fernández‐Aranda F. , Aitken A. , Badía A. , Giménez L. , Solano R. , Collier D. , Treasure J. , Vallejo J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether or not there are gender differences in personality, clinical features and associated traits in people with an eating disorder (ED)MethodThe participants consisted of 40 ED patients (20 males and 20 females) consecutively admitted to our hospital. The two groups were matched in terms of age, diagnosis and duration of illness. All patients fulfilled DSM‐IV‐R criteria for those pathologies.AssessmentAssessment measures included the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2), the Symptom Check List (SCL‐90‐R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory‐R (TCI‐R), as well as a number of other clinical and psychopathological indices.ResultsIn terms of personality traits, the males demonstrated less harm avoidance (p < 0.025) compared to females. Males showed significantly lower scores on drive for thinness (p < 0.007), impulse regulation (p < 0.043) and body dissatisfaction (p < 0.01). There were no gender differences on other symptomatological and psychopathological measures. The male group gave a history of premorbid overweight or obesity more frequently (45% vs 15%, p < 0.038)ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that there were few gender differences in personality and psychological traits. However, higher premorbid obesity and overweight are more common antecedent factors in males. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Developing and implementing monitoring and evaluation methods in the new era of expanded care and treatment of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Wolf R. Cameron , Bicego George , Marconi Katherine , Bessinger Ruth , van Praag Eric , Noriega‐Minichiello Shanti , Pappas Gregory , Fronczak Nancy , Peersman Greet , Fiorentino Renée K. , Rugg Deborah , Novak John 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNational program managers need data from different geographical areas within the country to plan for and monitor improvements in service coverage and capacity for care and treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS. They need to ensure equitable access to services by those in need.
Cre recombinase specificity defined by the tau locus
Authors: Korets‐Smith Ella , Lindemann Lothar , Tucker Kerry Lee , Jiang Caoyang , Kabacs Nikolett , Belteki Gusztav , Haigh Jody , Gertsenstein Marina , Nagy Andras 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe generated a transgenic mouse line (tau::Cre) by targeting the Cre to the tau locus (Mapt). Based on previous reports on the expression of Tau during development, we expected the Cre recombinase to be expressed in a neuron‐specific and pan‐neuronal manner. However, intercrosses between the tau::Cre and the Cre‐activatable reporter animals resulted in offspring with recombination either restricted to the nervous system or throughout the entire conceptus, indicating expression of Tau early in development. The percentage of neuron‐specific excision was dependent on the Cre reporter used representing different Cre target sites in the mouse genome. In spite of the observed variability, our data suggest that the tau::Cre mouse line can be used for pan‐neuronal recombination of floxed alleles when it is used with caution. genesis 40:131–138, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CRBP‐III:lacZ expression pattern reveals a novel heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Caprioli Arianna , Zhu Hongxin , Sato Thomas N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractVascular endothelial cells are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. However, the molecular basis of this heterogeneity remains poorly defined. We used subtractive and differential screening to identify genes that exhibit heterogeneous expression patterns among vascular endothelial cells. One such gene is cellular retinol binding protein III (CRBP‐III/Rbp7). Analysis of the lacZ knockin line for this gene (CRBP‐III:lacZ) revealed a novel organ‐specific vascular endothelial expression pattern. LacZ was expressed in vascular endothelial cells in heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissues, thymus, and salivary gland. However, it was not detected in other tissues such as brain, liver, and lung. Furthermore, the expression within each organ was primarily restricted to small capillary endothelial cells, but could not be detected in larger vessels. This organ‐specific vascular endothelial expression of CRPB:lacZ is relatively resistant to the changes of organ microenvironment. However, the level of expression can be modified by vitamin A deficiency. Therefore, our results provide novel molecular evidence for the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells. genesis 40:139–145, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of mutations with dumpy‐like phenotypes and of collagen genes in the nematodePristionchus pacificus
Authors: Kenning Charlotte , Kipping Isabel , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe nematodePristionchus pacificuswas developed as a satellite system in evolutionary developmental biology and forward and reverse genetic approaches allow a detailed comparison of various developmental processes betweenP. pacificusandCaenorhabditis elegans. To facilitate map‐based cloning inP. pacificus, a genome map was generated including a genetic linkage map of ∼300 molecular markers and a physical map of 10,000 BAC clones. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of more than 40 morphological mutations that can be used as genetic markers. These mutations fall into 12 Dumpy genes and one Roller gene that represent morphological markers for all sixP. pacificuschromosomes. Using an in silico approach, we identified ∼150 hits ofP. pacificuscollagen genes in the available EST, BAC‐end, and fosmid‐end sequences. However, 1:1 orthologs could only be identified for fewer than 20 collagen genes. genesis 40:176–183, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breast cancer risk associated with estrogen receptor expression in epithelial hyperplasia lacking atypia and adjacent lobular units
Authors: Gobbi Helenice , Dupont William D. , Parl Fritz F. , Schuyler Peggy A. , Plummer W. Dale , Olson Sandra J. , Page David L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEstrogen is associated with many epidemiologic risk factors for invasive breast cancer. Cells that express estrogen receptors (ERs) in epithelial hyperplasia lacking atypia (EHLA) may influence breast cancer progression. We conducted a nested case‐control study of 268 women with biopsy‐confirmed EHLA to determine whether immunohistochemical expression of ERα in EHLA affects subsequent breast cancer risk. Study subjects could not have a prior or current history of breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical stains in individual lesions and adjacent normal lobules were considered positive if ≥ 10% of epithelial cells stained for ERα. The risk of invasive breast cancer in EHLA patients with ERα‐positive normal lobules was twice that of other EHLA patients (95% CI = 1.0–3.8). This risk was not affected by the ERα status of EHLA lesions. ERα expression in adjacent normal lobules increases the moderate breast cancer risk previously associated with EHLA. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low doses of β‐carotene and lutein inhibit AOM‐induced rat colonic ACF formation but high doses augment ACF incidence
Authors: Raju Jayadev , Swamy Malisetty V. , Cooma Indranie , Patlolla Jagan M.R. , Pittman Brian , Reddy Bandaru S. , Steele Vernon E. , Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggest that carotenoids such as β‐carotene and lutein play an important role in reducing the risk for several cancers. However, in colon cancer there is ambiguity with regard to the role of these compounds in that both preventive effects and tumor promotion have been observed. In the present study we observed that male F344 rats were able to tolerate up to 2,500 ppm of β‐carotene as well as of lutein. We have then assessed the chemopreventive efficacy of β‐carotene and lutein at dose levels of ∼4 and 8% of the 2,500 ppm tolerated dose (TD) and also ∼40 and 80% of the TD on azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon carcinogenesis, using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as a surrogate biomarker for colon cancer. Throughout the experiments, 5‐week‐old male F344 rats were fed the control diet (modified AIN‐76A) or experimental diets containing 100 or 200 ppm (∼4 or 8% of the 2,500 ppm TD), or 1,000 or 2,000 ppm (∼40 or 80% of the 2,500 ppm TD) of β‐carotene and lutein (n=10 rats/group). After 2 weeks on the experimental or control diets, all animals were injected with AOM (15 mg/kg body wt., once weekly for 2 weeks). At 14 weeks of age, all rats were killed, and their colons were evaluated for ACF. Administration of 100 or 200 ppm of β‐carotene inhibited AOM‐induced total colonic ACF formation by 24% (p<0.01) and 36% (p<0.001), respectively, whereas lutein at 200 ppm produced a 27% inhibition (p<0.01) yet had no significant effect at the 100 ppm dose level. Surprisingly, administration of 1,000 or 2,000 ppm of β‐carotene and lutein increased colonic ACF formation in a dose‐dependent manner, i.e., to 124% and 144% for the former and 110% and 159% for the latter. These results clearly suggest that further studies are warranted to determine whether the increase in ACF incidence by high doses of β‐carotene and lutein will also lead to an increase in tumor outcome. Taken together these data indicate that the chemopreventive activity of β‐carotene and lutein against colon carcinogenesis depends on the dose level. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of human brain tumors for the presence of polyomavirus genome sequences by two independent laboratories
Authors: Rollison Dana E.M. , Utaipat Utaiwan , Ryschkewitsch Caroline , Hou Jean , Goldthwaite Patricia , Daniel Richard , Helzlsouer Kathy J. , Burger Peter C. , Shah Keerti V. , Major Eugene O. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractJC virus (JCV), BK virus (BKV) and simian virus 40 (SV40) may be associated with human brain tumors. These polyomaviruses have been shown to induce brain tumors in experimentally infected animals. Several studies have found polyomavirus genomic sequences in human brain tumor tissues by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while others have not. Inconsistencies in previous findings may be due in part to small sample sizes and differences in underlying patient populations, laboratory techniques and quality control measures. To assess the role of polyomaviruses in human brain tumors and address inconsistencies of previous reports, we investigated the prevalence of viral sequences in a series of 225 brain tumor tissue specimens in 2 independent laboratories. PCR followed by Southern hybridization was performed at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Real‐time quantitative PCR was performed on the same tissues at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Only those tumors with amplifiable DNA were tested further for polyomavirus sequences. Positive and negative control tissues were included, and all specimens were masked. Amplifiable DNA was detected in 225/225 (100%) tumors at NINDS, 9 (4%) of which contained polyomavirus sequences (3 JCV‐positive, 3 BKV‐positive and 3 SV40‐positive). The JHU laboratory amplified DNA from 165/225 (73%) tumors, of which 1 tumor tested positive (for SV40). No tumors tested positive in both laboratories. Results for masked quality control tissues were concordant between laboratories. Nucleotide sequences for JCV, BKV and SV40 are rarely present in a large series of adult and pediatric brain tumors. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2 mediates heregulin‐induced glioma invasion: Novel heregulin/HER3‐stimulated signaling pathway in glioma
Authors: van der Horst Edward Htun , Weber Igor , Ullrich Axel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinases of the EGFR family transmit extracellular signals that control diverse cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and survival. Signaling function of a member of this family, HER3, is believed to be impaired due to deviations in its kinase consensus motifs. Here we address the functional role and signaling mechanisms of HER3. HER3 preferentially forms heterodimers with HER2 inducing the most potent mitogenic signal among EGFR family members. Our data show that in a glioma‐derived cell line the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase PYK2 is constitutively associated with HER3 and that stimulation with Heregulin results in PYK2 tyrosine phosphorylation. HER3, but not HER2, mediates the phosphorylation of the C‐terminal region of PYK2 to promote a mitogenic response through activation of the MAPK pathway. A central role of PYK2 in signaling downstream of HER3 is substantiated by the demonstration that expression of a dominant‐negative PYK2‐KM construct abrogates the Heregulin‐induced MAPK activity and inhibits the invasive potential of glioma cells. These results suggest a novel Heregulin/HER3‐stimulated signaling pathway in glioblastoma‐derived cell lines that involves phosphorylation of PYK2 and mediates invasiveness of glioma cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Invasiveness of breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231 through extracellular matrix is increased by the estradiol metabolite 4‐hydroxyestradiol
Authors: Paquette Benoit , Bisson Martine , Baptiste Catherine , Therriault Hélène , Lemay Rosalie , Cantin André M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn malignant breast cancer, estrogen metabolism is altered, favoring the accumulation of hydroxyestradiols, which can generate free radicals. These reactive species can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which in turn can hydrolyze the proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that act as a barrier to tumor cell passage. The aim of this study was to determine whether reactive oxygen species generated by 4‐hydroxyestradiol (4‐OHE2) can activate MMP‐2 and then enhance the invasiveness of breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231 in vitro. Enzymatic assay and gel zymography demonstrated that 4‐OHE2 at a concentration as low as 10−8 M led to the conversion of proMMP‐2 to active MMP‐2. Activation of proMMP‐2 by 4‐OHE2 was inhibited by the Cu,Zn‐SOD supporting the involvement of the free radical superoxide anion (O). Using invasion chambers coated with matrigel (artificial ECM), 4‐OHE2 (10−8 M) enhanced the invasiveness of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells by 3‐fold. The addition of Cu,Zn‐SOD reduced the invasiveness of MDA‐MB‐231 cells by more than 2‐fold, supporting the involvement of O generated by 4‐OHE2. Addition of an MMP‐2 inhibitor completely inhibited the enhancement of invasiveness induced by 4‐OHE2, which demonstrates the importance of activating MMP‐2 by 4‐OHE2. On the other hand, estradiol, which does not have a catechol structure, did not generate free radicals, and it could not activate proMMP‐2 or enhance the invasiveness of beast cancer cells. Although these data need to be confirmed in an animal model, this study suggests that the accumulation of 4‐OHE2 in breast tumors could enhance the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary intervention in prostate cancer patients: PSA response in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kranse Ries , Dagnelie Pieter C. , van Kemenade Monique C. , de Jong Frank H. , Blom Jan H.M. , Tijburg Lilian B.M. , Weststrate Jan A. , Schröder Fritz H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to show or to exclude an effect of dietary supplement on rising prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels. We have studied the effect of a dietary supplement (verum, administered for 6 weeks) containing plant estrogens, antioxidants, including carotenoids, selenium and other putative prostate cancer inhibiting substances in a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind crossover study in 37 hormonally untreated men with prostate cancer and increasing PSA levels. Outcome measures were changes in the rates of change of serum concentrations of total and free PSA and changes in male sex hormone levels. Male sex hormone levels were significantly lower during the verum phase (DHT: −0.11 nmol/L, p = 0.005; testosterone: −1 nmol/L, p = 0.02). Total PSA doubling time was unaffected. Free PSA, which increased during the placebo phase (average doubling time of 68 weeks), decreased during the verum period (average half‐life of 13 weeks; p = 0.02). In those men in whom the free androgen index decreased (21 out of 32), a significant decrease in the slopes of both total and free PSA was observed (p = 0.04). Overall total PSA doubling times did not increase significantly during verum. However, the study demonstrates that this dietary intervention reduces DHT and testosterone levels and increases free PSA doubling time (and total PSA doubling time in a relevant subgroup). If future studies confirm that these observations translate into a slowing of disease progression, a dietary intervention may become an attractive option for prostate cancer treatment and prevention. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.