bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nested divide-and-conquer method for tensor Sylvester equations with positive definite hierarchically semiseparable coefficients
Authors: Massei Stefano , Robol Leonardo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Linear systems with a tensor product structure arise naturally when considering the discretization of Laplace-type differential equations or, more generally, multidimensional operators with separable coefficients. In this work, we focus on the numerical solution of linear systems of the form $$ \begin{align*} & \left(I\otimes \dots\otimes I \otimes A_1+\dots + A_d\otimes I \otimes\dots \otimes I\right)x=b, \end{align*}$$where the matrices $A_{t}\in \mathbb R^{n\times n}$ are symmetric positive definite and belong to the class of hierarchically semiseparable matrices. We propose and analyze a nested divide-and-conquer scheme, based on the technology of low-rank updates, which attains the quasi-optimal computational cost $\mathcal {O}(n^{d}\log (n))$. Our theoretical analysis highlights the role of inexactness in the nested calls of our algorithm and provides worst case estimates for the amplification of the residual norm. The performances are validated on 2D and 3D case studies.
Molecular Imaging to Study Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics In Vivo
Authors: Gordon Oren , Gobburu Jogarao V S , Dunn Allison 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While antimicrobials are among the most prescribed drugs, the use of some older antibiotics is not optimized for efficacy in terms of dosage, route of administration, and duration of therapy. Knowledge gaps exist regarding the heterogeneous microenvironments within different infected tissues consisting of varying bacterial loads, immune responses, and drug gradients. Positron-emission tomography-based imaging, where radiolabeled drugs are visualized within the living body, enables accurate, holistic, and real-time determination of pharmacokinetics to provide valuable, actionable data to optimize antibiotic use. Here we briefly review the concepts, history, and recent progress in the field.
Molecular Imaging of Infections: Emerging Techniques for Pathogen-Specific Diagnosis and Guided Therapy
Authors: Rowe Steven P , Auwaerter Paul G , Sheikhbahaei Sara , Solnes Lilja B , Wright William F 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvaluation of patients that may be infected is challenging. Imaging to identify or localize a site of infection is often limited because of the nonspecific nature of the findings on conventional imaging modalities. Available imaging methods lack the ability to determine if antibiotics are reaching the site of infection and are not optimized to follow response to therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a method by which radiolabeled molecules can be used to detect metabolic perturbations or levels of expression of specific targets. The most common PET agent is the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). 18F-FDG has some applicability to localizing a site of infection, but its lack of specificity limits its usefulness. There is a need for the development of pathogen-specific PET radiotracers to address the imaging shortcomings noted above. Preclinical and clinical progress has been made, but significant challenges remain.
Advances and Challenges in Molecular Imaging of Viral Infections
Authors: Lau Chuen-Yen , Martinez-Orengo Neysha , Lyndaker Anna , Flavahan Kelly , Johnson Reed F , Shah Swati , Hammoud Dima A 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMolecular imaging of viral infection, using a variety of advanced imaging techniques such as optical and nuclear imaging, can and has been used for direct visualization of the virus as well as assessment of virus-host interactions. Unlike imaging of other pathogens such as bacteria and fungi, challenging aspects of imaging viral infections include the small size of viruses, the complexity of viral infection animal models (eg, species dependence), and the high-level containment needs for many high-consequence pathogens, among others. In this review, using representative viral infections, we discuss how molecular imaging can reveal real-time infection dynamics, improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis, and guide optimization of treatment and prevention strategies. Key findings from human and animal studies are highlighted.
Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies and Cytokine Profiles in Pregnancy
Authors: Monroe Jonathon M , Quach Huy Quang , Punia Sohan , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L , Fedyshyn Yaroslav , Girsch James H , Fedyshyn Bohdana , Lemens Maureen , Littlefield Dawn , Behl Supriya , Sintim-Aboagye Elise , Mejia Plazas Maria C , Yamaoka Satoko , Ebihara Hideki , Pandey Akhilesh , Correia Cristina , Ung Choong Yong , Li Hu , Vassallo Robert , Sun Jie , Johnson Erica L , Olson Janet E , Theel Elitza S , Badley Andrew D , Kennedy Richard B , Theiler Regan N , Chakraborty Rana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite intensive characterization of immune responses after COVID-19 infection and vaccination, research examining protective correlates of vertical transmission in pregnancy are limited. Herein, we profiled humoral and cellular characteristics in pregnant women infected or vaccinated at different trimesters and in their corresponding newborns. We noted a significant correlation between spike S1–specific IgG antibody and its RBD-ACE2 blocking activity (receptor-binding domain–human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) in maternal and cord plasma (P &lt; .001, R &gt; 0.90). Blocking activity of spike S1–specific IgG was significantly higher in pregnant women infected during the third trimester than the first and second trimesters. Elevated levels of 28 cytokines/chemokines, mainly proinflammatory, were noted in maternal plasma with infection at delivery, while cord plasma with maternal infection 2 weeks before delivery exhibited the emergence of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our data support vertical transmission of protective SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies. This vertical antibody transmission and the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokines in cord blood may offset adverse outcomes of inflammation in exposed newborns.
Does PET-CT Have a Role in the Evaluation of Tuberculosis Treatment in Phase 2 Clinical Trials?
Authors: Cross Gail B , O’ Doherty Jim , Chang Christina C , Kelleher Anthony D , Paton Nicholas I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) has the potential to revolutionize research in infectious diseases, as it has done with cancer. There is growing interest in it as a biomarker in the setting of early-phase tuberculosis clinical trials, particularly given the limitations of current biomarkers as adequate predictors of sterilizing cure for tuberculosis. PET-CT is a real-time tool that provides a 3-dimensional view of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis within the lung parenchyma and the nature of lesions with uptake (ie, whether nodular, consolidative, or cavitary). Its ability to provide functional data on changes in metabolism, drug penetration, and immune control of tuberculous lesions has the potential to facilitate drug development and regimen selection for advancement to phase 3 trials in tuberculosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the role that PET-CT may have in evaluating responses to drug therapy in active tuberculosis treatment and the challenges in taking PET-CT forward as predictive biomarker of relapse-free cure in the setting of phase 2 clinical trials.
Peripheral helper T cells, mavericks of peripheral immune responses
Authors: Yoshitomi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Peripheral helper T (Tph) cells have been established, through intensive efforts to elucidate local immune responses in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a CD4 subset intimately involved in acquired immunity in peripheral tissues. Initially, Tph cells were noted as a CD4 population that produces high levels of CXCL13 in RA synovial tissues, followed by a demonstration of their ability to help B cells. In contrast to follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, Tph cells do not express the transcription factor BCL6 but express molecules such as CXCL13, interleukin (IL)-21, and inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) to help B cells in peripheral tissues. Subsequent studies showed that Tph cells are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies, and with the development of early life immunity. This review summarizes the phenotype and function of Tph cells in RA and discusses their differentiation and diversity in various conditions.
Distribution and role of d-glutamate, a novel d-amino acid identified in animals, in the reproductive tissues of male kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus
Authors: Yoshikawa Naoko , Yoshitomi Natsuki , Nakada Kazuki , Sawada Naomi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Some aquatic invertebrates contain free d-alanine. We previously showed copious amounts of free d-glutamate, a novel d-amino acid, in the tissue of the male reproductive organs of Marsupenaeus japonicus. Herein, we clarified the distribution and potential role of d-glutamate and d-alanine in male reproductive tissues, namely the testis, vas deferens and seminal receptacle at different growth stages of M. japonicus. The percentage of d-glutamate to total glutamate was over 50% in these tissues. In particular, the content of d-glutamate was the most abundant in the vas deferens, the ratio of d-glutamate to total glutamate was approximately 80%. In contrast, d-alanine content was the lowest in the vas deferens among these tissues. d-Glutamate content was the highest when the prawn weighed 12 g, indicating that d-glutamate is actively synthesized in the younger stage. Our findings suggest that d-glutamate plays an important role in the reproductive functions of M. japonicus.
Learning after progress? Isabelle Stengers, artificial learning, and the future as problem
Authors: Schildermans Hans 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to rethink the relation between education and progress, claiming that discourses of progress tend to project specific visions of the future and thereby instrumentalize education to achieve these visions while foreclosing other possible futures. The first part of the paper argues that the historical pact between education and progress has been recently recast in terms of learning. Learning receives at the same time an economic and a political interpretation in this context, turning issues such as unemployment or social justice into learning problems. What both interpretations seem to share, however, is that learning is conceived of as a pathway to futures already known. Drawing on the philosophy of Isabelle Stengers, in whose work the concept of learning acquires a vital position, the article reframes learning in terms of a situated encounter made possible within an artificial environment, whereby the future is not being projected, but becomes thoroughly problematic—a matter of collective concern. Recent calls to ‘learn to live with’ Covid-19, but also the effects of climate change, form the point of departure for reworking the concept of learning from the inside out.
Exposure to and Appeal of Tobacco Ads and Displays in China: A Qualitative Exploration of Chinese Youth Perceptions
Authors: Barker Hannah E , Czaplicki Lauren , Cui Yuxian , Shen Rachel , Nian Qinghua , Xie Marn , Cohen Joanna E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Adolescents are uniquely vulnerable to nicotine addiction, and smoking is common among male adolescents in China. Although China implemented a ban on cigarette and e-cigarette advertising in public places, Chinese youth remain exposed to this marketing, which may contribute to future use.

Aims and Methods
From December 2021 to January 2022, we conducted 20 online focus group discussions with 119 adolescents in 10 Chinese cities to explore sources of tobacco marketing exposure, defined as exposure to cigarette and e-cigarette ads and product displays, and what features made marketing attractive.

Results
All groups discussed exposure to tobacco ads/displays in public places, including locations near their home or school. Nearly all groups discussed that exposure to online tobacco ads was common, particularly exposure to e-cigarette commercial ads and posts made by classmates or friends selling e-cigarettes. Most groups identified how eye-catching colors, imagery, product packaging, and price promotions featured in e-cigarette ads/displays attracted their attention.

Conclusions
Results suggest Chinese adolescents are exposed to cigarette and e-cigarette ads and displays, many of which are placed in youth-friendly locations and contain youth-appealing features.

Implications
Only a handful of studies have examined the influence of cigarette and e-cigarette advertising on youth in the context of China. Prior research has established the relationship between youth exposure to tobacco marketing and increased susceptibility to future use. Our findings emphasize the importance of effectively enforcing and expanding restrictions on cigarette and e-cigarette marketing in order to protect youth from exposure and future smoking/vaping initiation.
Petrology and Geochemistry of Adak Island Plutonic Xenoliths: Implications for Primitive Magma Generation and Crustal Differentiation in the Aleutian Island Arc
Authors: Sosa Emma S , Bucholz Claire E , Barickman Mattison H , VanTongeren Jill A , Setera Jacob B , Kay Suzanne Mahlburg , Kay Robert W 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeep crustal cumulates in arcs offer a window into the chemistry and crystallization conditions (P–T–H2O–fO2) of primitive basalts in the upper mantle and lower crust and can be studied in ancient exhumed terranes or in xenoliths erupted in young arc lavas. Here, we expand on previous studies and thoroughly characterize the extensive xenolith suites erupted from the Mt. Moffett and Mt. Adagdak volcanic centers (Adak Island, Central Aleutians), which range from primitive ultramafic cumulates to more evolved amphibole gabbros and hornblendites. We present detailed petrography as well as in situ trace and major element mineral chemistry. We use these data to calculate pressure, temperature, and fO2 estimates for the xenoliths, and compare these findings to experimental results to understand the crystallization sequence and P–T–H2O–fO2 under which the cumulates formed. The Moffett crystallization sequence is defined by early amphibole fractionation and an abrupt shift in oxide compositions from chromite to magnetite, while the Adagdak suite is characterized by simultaneous saturation of amphibole+plagioclase and oxide compositions that become increasingly aluminous before magnetite saturation. Olivine–spinel oxybarometry of the Adagdak xenoliths indicates that they are oxidized relative to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB:FMQ +0.1 to +2.1). Highly fractionated REE and elevated Sr/Y ratios are observed in clinopyroxene from the most primitive cumulates, consistent with a contribution from a basaltic eclogite melt. This basaltic eclogite melt is hypothesized to come from partial melting of the slab or through melting of basalt introduced into the subarc mantle through forearc subduction erosion. These signatures are greatly diminished in the more evolved lithologies, which can be explained through fractionation of plagioclase and amphibole. Our findings support the presence of a complex magmatic plumbing system beneath Adak, with Mt. Moffett and Mt. Adagdak volcanic centers tapping compositionally distinct sources. More broadly, our results are consistent with studies suggesting that low-degree basaltic eclogite melts through slab melting or forearc subduction erosion contribute to arc magmas in the Aleutians, although the associated geochemical signatures are easily obscured by differentiation in the crust.
Should complete B cell depletion be maintained in patients treated long-term with rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Ghossan Roba , Al Tabaa Omar , Combier Alice , Steelandt Alexia , Thomas Marion , Fogel Olivier , Miceli-Richard Corinne , Molto Anna , Allanore Yannick , Avouac Jérôme 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether persistent complete B cell (BC) depletion was associated with a better clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients long-term treated with rituximab (RTX).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study including RA patients admitted for a new infusion between 2019 and 2021. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the mean disease activity score based on 28 joints (DAS28)-CRP at each of the four last infusion visits between patients with persistent complete BC depletion (mean CD19 counts &lt;18/µl at each of the last four visits) or without persistent complete BC depletion (mean CD19 counts of the last four visits ≥18/µl). Secondary endpoints included DAS28, pain/fatigue visual analogue scale, CRP, gammaglobulins and the frequency of self-reported RA flares.

Results
Of the 126 patients in maintenance therapy with RTX [exposure period: 76 (5) months, 14 (7) infusions received], 43 (34%) had persistent complete BC depletion at each of the four last infusions. The mean DAS28-CRP calculated at each of the four last infusion visits did not significantly differ according to persistence or not of complete BC depletion. This result remained unchanged after adjusting for antibody status, number of previous therapies, number of RTX infusion and cumulative RTX dose. All secondary outcomes were also not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion
Maintaining complete BC depletion does not appear to be a therapeutic target to achieve in RA patients in long-term maintenance therapy with RTX. There is a limited benefit of monitoring CD19 in RA patients long-term treated with RTX and having achieved low disease activity/remission.
Nightshift imposes irregular lifestyle behaviors in police academy trainees
Authors: Erickson Melissa L , North Rebecca , Counts Julie , Wang Will , Porter Starr Kathryn N , Wideman Laurie , Pieper Carl , Dunn Jessilyn , Kraus William E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Study Objective
Shiftwork increases risk for numerous chronic diseases, which is hypothesized to be linked to disruption of circadian timing of lifestyle behaviors. However, empirical data on timing of lifestyle behaviors in real-world shift workers are lacking. To address this, we characterized the regularity of timing of lifestyle behaviors in shift-working police trainees.

Methods
Using a two-group observational study design (N = 18), we compared lifestyle behavior timing during 6 weeks of in-class training during dayshift, followed by 6 weeks of field-based training during either dayshift or nightshift. Lifestyle behavior timing, including sleep–wake patterns, physical activity, and meals, was captured using wearable activity trackers and mobile devices. The regularity of lifestyle behavior timing was quantified as an index score, which reflects day-to-day stability on a 24-hour time scale: Sleep Regularity Index, Physical Activity Regularity Index, and Mealtime Regularity Index. Logistic regression was applied to these indices to develop a composite score, termed the Behavior Regularity Index (BRI).

Results
Transitioning from dayshift to nightshift significantly worsened the BRI, relative to maintaining a dayshift schedule. Specifically, nightshift led to more irregular sleep–wake timing and meal timing; physical activity timing was not impacted. In contrast, maintaining a dayshift schedule did not impact regularity indices.

Conclusions
Nightshift imposed irregular timing of lifestyle behaviors, which is consistent with the hypothesis that circadian disruption contributes to chronic disease risk in shift workers. How to mitigate the negative impact of shiftwork on human health as mediated by irregular timing of sleep–wake patterns and meals deserves exploration.
A review of the literature and proposed algorithm for penile fracture management
Authors: Hardesty Juliet , Burns Ramzy T , Soyster Mary E , Mellon Matthew , Bernie Helen L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
In the management of penile fractures, immediate surgical repair has resulted in better outcomes when compared with a conservative approach; however, there is currently no consensus on the treatment of patients presenting beyond the immediate period (&gt;24 hours) following injury.

Objectives
To examine the latest literature on management strategies in penile fracture and propose an optimal algorithm for the treatment of patients with delayed presentation.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted following the PRISMA-P 2020 guidelines. A search was performed in several databases with the following strategy: (“Penile fracture” OR “fracture of penis” OR “rupture of corpora cavernosa” OR “rupture of tunica albuginea”) AND (management OR treatment OR surgery OR “surgical reconstruction” OR “surgical repair”). This resulted in 108 relevant articles. Two independent reviewers screened these articles according to the inclusion criteria. Full-text review of 56 articles was performed, and ultimately 20 studies were selected. Measures included the use of diagnostic imaging, timing of surgical repair (immediate, &lt;24 hours after injury; delayed, &gt;24 hours), surgical approach, and long-term complications (ie, erectile dysfunction and penile curvature).

Results
The review highlighted the benefits of immediate surgical repair in penile fractures, demonstrating improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, it found that surgical repair should be considered even in cases with delayed presentation (&gt;24 hours after injury). To better evaluate the long-term impact of delayed surgical intervention on patient outcomes, we recommend standardized postoperative follow-up, with routine assessments of erectile function and penile curvature.

Conclusion
Contemporary literature suggests that immediate and delayed surgical repair of penile fractures leads to adequate postoperative outcomes, and patients presenting &gt;24 hours after injury should still be considered for surgery.
Effects of physical exercise interventions on ejaculation control
Authors: Niu Caoyuan , Santtila Pekka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Premature ejaculation is a prevalent male sexual dysfunction that causes significant distress for men and their partners on a global scale. Despite its widespread impact, effective treatment options without undesirable side effects remain limited.

Objectives
The present review aimed to provide an overview of experimental studies that analyzed the effects of physical exercise interventions on premature ejaculation.

Methods
The inclusion criteria for the review included: Population: Adult men. Intervention: An intervention designed to increase physical exercise was delivered in the study. Comparison: Before versus after intervention with or without a comparison group receiving a drug treatment or an active or no control intervention. Outcomes: Self-reported or clinician-rated premature ejaculation or its symptoms. Study type: Experimental designs. We conducted the search process in 9 databases: APA PsycNET, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, and CAB Direct. This review included six intervention studies that included 433 participants (307 men with premature ejaculation) ranging from 18 to 50 years of age. All participants had a stable female sexual partner and had not any other physical or mental problems.

Results
The synthesized results indicated that yoga, running, and high-intensity interval training alleviate premature ejaculation symptoms in men with premature ejaculation after varying intervention duration times. The effectiveness of physical exercise for premature ejaculation symptoms was similar to that of drug treatments.

Conclusion
Physical exercise can be one of the potential treatment modalities for premature ejaculation. The intensity of physical exercise and the effort of participants during exercise are key factors affecting improvements in ejaculation control. A potential limitation was that the review did not include any literature written in non-English languages.