bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reshaping the Political Sphere: The Female Voter
Authors: Bingham Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before 1914, when the suffragettes were frequently headline news, popular newspapers were divided over the issue of votes for women. The Daily Herald unwaveringly defended the militant campaign of the Pankhursts; looking back in 1925. the paper’s former editor George Lansbury was proud to recall that his staff had ‘found time to support in every possible way the women’s fight for freedom’, to the extent of harbouring activists on the run from the police. The Daily News disapproved of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)’s use of violence, but advocated female enfranchisement in principle, as did the Express, albeit less consistently. On the other hand, the Daily Mail and the Daily Mirror generally opposed any concessions to women.
The Gendered Gaze: Fashion, the Female Body, and Sexual Morality
Authors: Bingham Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the turn of the twentieth century, the gradual acceptance of display advertising, and the evolution of techniques to reproduce photographs rapidly and cheaply, transformed the appearance of the daily newspaper. During the inter-war years, popular papers developed a recognizably modern layout as part of their drive to increase circulation. Columns of unbroken text in one typeface were replaced by a more fragmented and visually attractive format in which the reader was guided by prominent headlines and ‘cross-headers’, and articles were broken up by photographs, cartoons, and illustrated advertisements. The number of words per issue was reduced as editors filled space with appealing and striking photos and sketches.
Jokes, Poems, Understanding
Authors: Butler Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A friend of the Diracs [P. A. M. Dirac, then Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge] had been surprised to find Dirac reading A Passage to India and thought it might be interesting to bring the two taciturn old men together. A tea was arranged, and an introduction effected. There was a long silence and then Dirac spoke: ‘What happened in the cave?’ Forster replied: ‘I don’t know.’ Noah finally managed to land his Ark on Mount Ararat and, when he’d let down the gangplank, the animals started to leave, led by two giraffes. Two lions followed, then two tigers. Then came four gnus.
Beyond Words: Sensation
Authors: Butler Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have introduced some of my main arguments concerning our pleasure in the understanding of narrative, and the relationship between emotional response and judgement. I now wish to build up again towards a more complex level, by looking at those elements in our pleasure in the arts which are far less accessible to language—these are imagery and sensation, abstraction from ‘reality’, and the ordering effects of ‘form’.The role of sensation in pleasurable response raises a general issue, which as we shall see, is particularly important for our appreciation of music without text and painting without (obvious) representation.
Specificity, Fantasy, and Critique
Authors: Butler Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The architect Le Corbusier said that God lies in the details, and the same is true of the meaning in life to us, here, now. The smile of her child means the earth to her mother, the touch means bliss for the lover, the turn of the phrase means happiness for the writer. Meaning comes with absorption and enjoyment, the flow of details that matter to us. The problem with life then is that is has too much meaning. Consider the following not very detailed or comprehensive analogy between our learning to enjoy a work of art and learning to play a game, like tennis, where at least one of our aims is generally agreed to be that of enjoyment, rather than that of just ‘getting fit’, which would be like the pedagogic exercise involved in the challenge to understanding posed by works of art in the classroom.
Mind and Emergence
Authors: Clayton Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strong claims have been made for emergence as a new paradigm for understanding science, consciousness, and religion. Tracing the past history and current definistions of the concept, Clayton assesses the case for emergent phenomena in the natural world and their significance for philosophy and theology. Complex emergent phenomena require irreducible levels of explanation in physics, chemistry and biology. This pattern of emergence suggests a new approach to the problem of consciousness, which is neither reducible to brain states nor proof of a mental substance or soul. Although emergence does not entail classical theism, it is compatible with a variety of religious positions. Clayton concludes with a defence of emergentist panentheism and a Christian constructive theology consistent with the new sciences of emergence.
An ‘Inconsistent Discourse’: Don Quixote in British Letters
Authors: Wood Sarah F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hero of a revolution, founder of a nation, and president of a new republic, George Washington was also revered as ‘the father of mule breeding in the United States’. This may not be the most glamorous of encomiums, but it does provide us with an unusual example of cross- cultural exchange, offering an intriguing glimpse into New World perceptions of an ailing Old World power. In an article entitled ‘George Washington, Diego de Gardoqui, and Don Quixote ’, A. G. Lo Re´ discusses the General’s interest in donkey rearing and recounts the curious tale of the émigré ass. In 1784, realising that he needed to obtain ‘the finest breed of jackass’ in order to breed the best possible mules, Washington made use of his influential contacts and heroic status to procure such a creature from the king of Spain.
Transatlantic Cervantics: Don Quixote in the New Republic
Authors: Wood Sarah F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A collaboration between Hugh Henry Brackenridge and Philip Freneau during their undergraduate years at the New Jersey College, Father Bombo’s Pilgrimage to Mecca (1770) was the first of several Quixotic fictions to be written by Brackenridge Father Bombo tells the far- fetched tale of an American scholar accused of plagiarizing Lucian’s Dialogues . Reproached somewhat unaccountably by the ghost of Mahomet, he is ordered to convert to Islam and undertake a pilgrimage to Mecca in atonement for his literary theft. En route to his destination, Father Bombo travels through east-coast America and across the Atlantic Ocean, around the British Isles and on to Arabia, falling into the hands of pirates, pulling off a one-man mutiny, and barely avoiding the gallows on his way.
Private Properties, Public Nuisance: Arthur Mervyn and the Rise and Fall of a Republican Quixote
Authors: Wood Sarah F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Set in 1793, Charles Brockden Brown’s Arthur Mervyn; or, Memoirs of the Year 1793 (1799–1800) deals with another national panic, this one triggered by the yellow fever epidemic that killed around 2,500 Philadelphians and spread its deadly influence across the continent. Delineating the horrors of yellow fever and the dire effects of commercial fraud and financial speculation, Arthur Mervyn is not a self-evident candidate for the title of Quixotic fiction. Unlike Modern Chivalry or Female Quixotism , with titles that emphasize their Cervantic debt, and unlike Brown’s own Quixotic Memoirs of Stephen Calvert (1799–1800), Arthur Mervyn makes no reference to the Spaniard or his work. Brown’s yellow fever novel is nonetheless notorious for its narrative instability and its interpolated stories; it is admired for its ‘full, deliberate, and devastating’ irony, and Brown’s hero is a worthy descendant of the Spanish Don.1 Both Quixote and Mervyn are committed idealists, regarded by many as madmen, peripatetic crusaders who leave behind their farms and set about putting the world to rights, self-styled vigil- antes who become the heroes of a narrative that bears their name and relates their deeds.
Nobody’s Dulcinea: Romantic Fictions and Republican Mothers in Tabitha Gilman Tenney’s Female Quixotism
Authors: Wood Sarah F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anonymous author of Female Quixotism (1801) and pedagogical compiler of The New Pleasing Instructor (1799), Tabitha Gilman Tenney remains a virtual enigma to contemporary critics and historians. She wrote no memoirs, left no personal papers, and elicited no biographies. Official annals, meanwhile, have overlooked the author in order to enumerate the virtues and accomplishments of Samuel Tenney, Tabitha’s husband and three times Federalist senator. Only in the diaries and memoirs of her female acquaintances have tenacious historians lighted upon a few revealing details of the author and her life. In Elizabeth Dow Leonard’s A Few Reminiscences of my Exeter Life (1878), Tabitha Tenney makes an intriguing cameo appearance when Leonard looks back to the death of George Washington:
Framing the Father: Chaucer and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Ellis Steve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wool‘s writing on Chaucer may seem at first sight an occasional and even superficial affair, represented by only one critical piece of any length, the essay on’The Pastons and Chaucer’ that opens The Common Reader (1925). This essay indeed shows a curiously limited engagement with Chaucer, the reasons for which I shall trace below; even so, it anticipates in several of its positions a much more complex response that Woolf explores at the very end of her life, in the writing of her final novel Between the Acts (1941) and in the critical work she was concurrently pursuing.
William Worcester Writes a History of his Reading
Authors: Wakelin Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IA. S. Byatt’s recent novel The Biographer‘s Tale, the eager graduate student Phineas G. Nanson is writing a biography of the deceased biographer Scholes Destry-Scholes. One day, he is excited to discover the rough papers of his elusive subject. From Destry-Scholes’s own notes concerning other authors, Nanson struggles to reconstruct Destry-Scholes’s life and, during the long hours of immersion, like many graduate students, he develops a personal fascination with his subject.
Modernist Literature: Individualism and Authority
Authors: Potter Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ford Madox Ford, in his 1905 experimental work The Soul of London, describes two kinds of city. One is the modern, anonymous metropolis, which he sees as a ‘gigantic pantheon of the dead level of democracy’. The other is Ford’s London, based on what he calls ‘personal impressions’. In The Soul of London Ford develops a new ‘impressionist’ style of writing to capture his personal London. He tries to write without using the ‘encyclopaedic, topographical, or archaeological’ techniques which he associates with a moribund democracy. Instead, he aims to represent the moment in which the visible world is apprehended. Ford’s highly subjective London is produced through a fidelity to the visual world and an ability to endow the visual image with a personal meaning.
Introduction
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is just over two hundred years since Queen Anne, the last Stuart monarch, came to the throne on 8 March 1702 . Her reign would be marked by great achievements in literature, architecture, and science for example this was after all the age of Newton and Halley, of Swift and Defoe, of Wren and Vanbrugh. But it was a time dominated by the long war with France, punctuated by the great victories of Marl- borough as well as some less auspicious events. As Anne’s reign came to an end, she was exhausted by the political and diplomatic struggles of the previous twelve years, and most of the nation greeted the Peace of Utrecht with considerable relief.
Politics
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the same breath, Windsor-Forest articulates a politics of the long term, one of the medium term, and one of the short term. The first concerns large historical issues, so much so that in dealing with them the poem replays some of the ideological con- tests of the Civil War. The second relates to the reign of Anne as it was affected by the expulsion of her father James II and the rule of her sister and brother-in-law, William and Mary. The third has to do with the immediate context of Pope’s poem, as the Utrecht settlement came before the public with predictably divisive results.
Windsor
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The original fortifications at Windsor date from the time of William the Conqueror, and he is appropriately the earliest English monarch mentioned in Pope’s poem. As well as providing a defensive stronghold on the western side of London, the site had the advantage of lying close to a royal hunting forest which the Saxon monarchs had created. The castle itself underwent periodic refurbishment in the middle ages, but it was not until the reign of Edward III that massive construction took place to alter the character of the fortress. A century later, under Edward IV, the royal chapel of St George was erected in the Lower Ward.
Later Literary Contexts
Authors: Rogers Pat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pope’s unquestioned affinity with John Dryden has led us to underrate the influence of other ‘modern’ writers on his work. These include a number of authors who were active in the post-Civil War period, some of them known personally to the young Pope’s mentors. Dryden himself has been reserved for separate attention: his main contribution to Windsor-Forest is explored in SDW, chapter 6, as this relates to the prophetic goals of the poem.
Hero Cult
Authors: Currie Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is near total silence on hero cult in Homer.A significant exception are the sacrifices to Erechtheus Iliad 2.547-51, Odyssey 7.80-1).Aipytos’ tomb may be a heroic one, in view of its role in defining the Arcadian national identity (Iliad 2.604). It is interesting that these two Iliadic allusions to hero cult come from the Catalogue of Ships; a further possible allusion comes between the Achaean and Trojan catalogues in the second book, with the tomb of Aisyetes (Iliad 2.7867).
Aristotle’s Cosmological Theory
Authors: Wilberding James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Statesman myth (269c4–274e1) overs another world model in which the will of God is responsible for the permanence of the cosmos. Here again, the cosmos is described as an intelligent living thing constructed by a Demiurge. On this model, however, the Demiurge himself is in motion, revolving eastwards continuously, and the world itself perpetually runs through a cycle consisting of two periods. First, the cosmos is helped along by the Demiurge and moves eastward with him, and then after a designated amount of time the Demiurge lets go. No longer driven by his motion, the world begins to spin back westwards until such a time as its inborn impetus becomes so disorderly that it is in danger of destroying itself.
Deconstructing Festivals*
Authors: Slater William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Seleukid king tells his bureaucrats to ensure that a cult of Artemis is established on an island in the Persian Gulf, and that there should be gymnic competitions; the surviving inscriptions testify to the footdragging that this insensitive missive produced for those on the spot. Cultural intrusions into the Gulf are no new thing, but this example serves to remind us that the Greek world, unlike ours, was a militant festival culture. A composite picture of a festival can certainly be drawn. A recent inscription from Kos tells us usefully that a festival comprised thusia (sacrifice), panegyris, theorodokia (festival ambassadors), and competitions. But some Hellenistic festivals did not have a real panegyris, if that means a market fair as well as a festival, let alone an expensive theorodokia, which we could translate as a marketing strategy.
Theatre Rituals
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The shows in the ancient theatre did not only consist of theatrical and other artistic performances. A large variety of other activities, including ritual actions, took place both on the occasion of thymelic and musical competitions and in the context of other celebrations. After presenting an overview of the religious rituals performed in theatres, this paper focusses on non-religious rituals, such as the crowning of benefactors, the announcement of honours, ceremonial entrances of magistrates and honoured persons, acclamations, speech acts, and rituals of consecration. It is argued that stereotypical formulae in honorific decrees and other inscriptions reflect rituals of communication between mortals and immortals, between subject and ruler, between mass and élite, and between citizens and foreigners. Certain clauses in inscriptions should be interpreted as ‘stage directions’ for the successful performance of rituals. Theatre rituals were perhaps not meant to be spectacles; perhaps the theatre was chosen as their setting only because of the advantages it oﬀered in a practical sense (acoustics, seats, large gatherings of people). But the choice of this particular setting, i.e. the space of thea (the watching of spectacles), sooner or later had consequences for the form of the rituals themselves.
Performance in the Pythion: The Athenian Thargelia*
Authors: Peter Wilson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Athens’ principal urban festival for Apollo, the Thargelia, has been aptly described as ‘a festival of the arts . . . second only to the City Dionysia’. Although much about the festival remains a mystery, it has received none of the sort of integrated historical and sociopolitical analysis that has been so productive for our understanding of the urban festivals of the Dionysia and Panathenaia. This chapter will initiate such analysis, with an emphasis on the performance practice of the festival as evidenced principally through epigraphy.
Sicilian Choruses*
Authors: Wilson Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The document David Jordan has presented here in Chapter 12 is a unique and quite extraordinary glimmer within a great darkness. As John Herington wrote of the cultural and social history of western Greece from the time of Hieron’s succession in 478 to Aiskhylos’ death in 456: ‘most of the details in the picture that are not missing . . . are obscure’. This lead tablet opens a (small, dirty and broken) window onto the festival culture of a Greek community in mid-fifth-century Sicily, almost certainly that of the flourishing city-state of Gela at its height. It gives evidence of a festival there that had choral contests, perhaps of some scale, and hints at the mechanics of their operation. In metropolitan Greece, our usual access to such precious information is by deduction (our own or that of ancient scholars) from the self-referential suggestions of ritual and choral action that can be gleaned from the surviving texts of Archaic melic poetry; or, in the case of Classical Athens, through epigraphy and the comment of contemporaries (the orators, Aristotle, and others). Virtually
Michaux between France and Belgium
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Michaux is perhaps best known as an explorer of the self, and his indefatigable probing of the outer reaches of consciousness has attracted critical attention since the 1940s. But little attention has been paid to his articulation of the self in relation to his double literary and national identities. In consequence, his works tend to be read as though they unproblematically find their place in either the French or the Belgian tradition, when they do not. As strong as his desire to belong in France was Michaux’s belief in his ineradicable Belgianness, and the conflicted sense of his double identity as a ‘Belge, de Paris’ haunts his works. Because of his apparent rejection of Belgium, and perhaps also for fear of marginalizing Michaux by emphasizing his peripheral origins, the issue has tended to be overlooked. However, it is not because he became a self-declared Parisian that he did not share the predicament of those non-metropolitan francophones whose works until recently had to find their place within the French tradition in order to be received without bias both in France and at home. Although he shared many of the aesthetic concerns of his French contemporaries, Michaux remained self-consciously aware of his cultural difference long after he was naturalized French.
Self and Other
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Far from being solipsistic, Michaux’s quest for self-knowledge embraced the outside world. Through the exploration of his differences from those set apart from himself by gender, ‘race’, or age, or indeed by historical, cultural, or social circumstances, he probed the unheimlich within. Non-Europeans, women, children, peasants, lunatics, prehistorical people, even animals and plants: nothing escaped his curiosity. As with his primitivist predecessors and contemporaries, from Rousseau to Cendrars, whose Anthologie n`egre (1921) directly inspired his Fables des origines (1923), this fascination with the otherness of others, as it were, expressed a desire to experience identity through alterity. There are no clear-cut boundaries between Self and Other in Michaux’s works. If on the one hand he emphasizes the difference of children from adults in ‘Enfants’ (1938), the first-person narrator of ‘Mes rêves d’enfant’ (1925), on the other hand, speaks with the voices of both an adult and a child.
Conclusion
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Michaux began his literary career with a call for Esperanto, and closed it, in Par des traits (1984), with a reflection on his search for universally expressive visual signs. But he never made any serious contributions to the artificial language movement. The ‘Rudiments d’une langue universelle ideographique contenant neufcents idéogrammes et une grammaire’ which he announced in 1938, and the failure of which he recalled in Par des traits, was probably his only properly pasigraphic project. Unfinished and unpublished, it is a lost testimony to the limits of his interest in the grammatical fine points of language-making. Aborted and long-forgotten though it may be, it nevertheless holds the key to many of the tensions underlying Michaux’s creativity. The grammar and lexis that he wished to give to his invented ideographic language suggest a certain ambivalence towards radical non-discursivity.
Training Warriors The Merits of a Physical Education
Authors: Newby Zahra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Wrst half of this book I have shown how Greek athletic culture gradually took an increasing hold over the spectacle and bathing culture of Roman life. Both liter- ary and visual evidence suggest a keen interest in the athletic contests which took place within public spectacles, and the desire to see one’s own exercises in the baths as in some ways parallel to those of the empire’s great sporting heroes. While con- temporary athletic festivals were thriving, athletics could also be associated with the classical past, and in particular with the cultural ideals of the Greek gymnasium. The idealized images that decorated elite villas had a number of continuities with villa display in earlier periods too, except that the contemporary interest in athletics seems to have encouraged reference to the athletic, as well as the intellectual, asso- ciations of the gymnasium.