bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pushing the limits of C3 intrinsic water use efficiency in Mediterranean semiarid steppes: Responses of a drought‐avoider perennial grass to climate aridification
Authors: Ren Wei , García‐Palacios Pablo , Soliveres Santiago , Prieto Iván , Maestre Fernando T. , Querejeta José Ignacio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) reflects the trade‐off between photosynthetic carbon gain and water loss through stomatal conductance and is key for understanding dryland plant responses to climate change. Stipa tenacissima is a perennial tussock C3 grass with an opportunistic, drought‐avoiding water use strategy that dominates arid and semiarid steppes across the western Mediterranean region. However, its ecophysiological responses to aridification and woody shrub encroachment, a major land‐use change in drylands worldwide, are not well‐understood.

We investigated the variations in leaf stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C, δ15N), nutrient concentrations (N, P, K), and culm water content and isotopic composition (δ18O, δ2H) of paired pure‐grass and shrub‐encroached S. tenacissima steppes along a 350 km aridity gradient in Spain (10 sites, 160 individuals).

Culm water isotopes revealed that S. tenacissima is a shallow‐rooted grass that depends heavily on recent rainwater for water uptake, which may render it vulnerable to increasingly irregular rainfall combined with faster topsoil drying under climate warming and aridification. With increasing aridity, S. tenacissima enhanced leaf‐level WUEi through more stringent stomatal regulation of plant water flux and carbon assimilation (higher δ13C and δ18O), reaching exceptionally high δ13C values (−23‰ to −21‰) at the most arid steppes. Foliar N concentration was remarkably low across sites regardless of woody shrub encroachment, evidencing severe water and N co‐limitation of photosynthesis and productivity. Shrub encroachment decreased leaf P and K but did not affect S. tenacissima water status. Perennial grass cover decreased markedly with both declining winter rainfall and shrub encroachment suggesting population‐level rather than individual‐level responses of S. tenacissima to these changes.

The fundamental physiological constraints of photosynthetic C3 metabolism combined with low foliar N content may hamper the ability of S. tenacissima and other drought‐avoider species with shallow roots to achieve further adaptive improvements in WUEi under increasing climatic stress. A drought‐avoiding water use strategy based on early stomatal closure and photosynthesis suppression during prolonged rainless periods may thus compromise the capacity of semiarid S. tenacissima steppes to maintain perennial grass cover, sustain productivity and cope with ongoing climate aridification at the drier parts of their current distribution.

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‘Beware of dalals’: a moral world of health market brokerage in Bangladesh
Authors: Perkins Janet E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnthropological enquiry into brokers and brokerage practice provides a prime entry point for making sense of social change. This article tends to the ways in which the trope of the broker and the everyday practice of those identified as enacting brokerage act as linchpins in broader moral grappling during a period of rapid social change. It draws from the ethnographic context of brokerage discursively constituted and enacted within maternal health markets in Bangladesh, focusing on the trope and actual practice of those identified as morally compromised dalals: brokers bringing women and families from public to private health institutions. It argues that the trope of the dalal operates as a metaphor for immorality ascribed to morally ambiguous spaces of the private health sector, a way for people to contend with a moral discomfort integral to applying market logics to health services enacted largely outside the jurisdiction of formal regulatory mechanisms. The practice of those identified as embodying dalals, in contrast, while flourishing in these conditions, is rooted in economic precarity, primarily of young men with limited power waiting for better opportunities, who negotiate and balance moral and economic imperatives in their line of work.
Jung's Erotic Phenomenology: I. A New Translation
Authors: Wallace Wes 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the introduction to The Psychology of the Transference (1946), Carl Jung sketched out a theory of “erotic phenomenology” which condenses his teaching about sexuality and romantic love into a very concise summary. But the meaning of this passage is obscured in the English translation given in the Collected Works of C. G. Jung. I propose here a new translation which makes Jung’s meaning clearer, along with a commentary which explains it in the context of Freudian drive theory and German 19th century philosophy. Invoking the concepts of instinct, mind, and Eros (both the passion and the divine figure), Jung’s theory says that male sexual desire can be cultivated or repressed in four distinct ways, each associated with a female symbolic figure or anima image: Eve, Helen, Mary and Sophia.
Assessing iPhone LiDAR & Recon‐3D for determining area of origin in bloodstain pattern analysis
Authors: Stevenson Stephanie , Liscio Eugene 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) has proven to be a useful tool in forensic and criminal investigations for quite some time. Traditionally, documenting a crime scene for a bloodletting event was completed using manual techniques, physical strings, and a tape measure. In more recent years, laser scanners and 3D software programs have become a preferred method to capture accurate data that improves the validity and reliability of BPA. The initial cost of laser scanning equipment is relatively high, rendering these systems inaccessible to some police and smaller agencies. Recon‐3D is a newly developed iPhone application that utilizes the iPhone LiDAR sensor in combination with video data to create 3D point clouds of crime scenes. To assess the viability of Recon‐3D for area of origin analysis, two tests were performed. One was a series of bloodstain impacts which were analyzed in FARO Zone 3D software, while the second was a series of 6 repeated Recon‐3D scans of two 90‐degree walls which was then compared to the FARO Focus S350 scanner using CloudCompare software. A total of eight impact patterns were made at three different distances from a wall. The area of origin was measured and compared to the known location of the blood source. The average total 3D error for the area of origin set at 25, 50, and 100 cm from two perpendicular walls was found to be 6.04, 15.16, and 36.59 cm, respectively. These results are similar to past studies where programs such as HemoSpat have been used. The results of the point cloud comparison show that on average, 95% of the points from Recon‐3D fall below a threshold of 3.6 mm when compared to a FARO Focus S350 laser scanner. Thus, the results of this test suggest that Recon‐3D is an accurate and affordable scanning application for bloodstain patterns at crime scenes and the data provide acceptable results for area of origin analysis in BPA programs which accept laser scanner data.
Removal of inflammatory factors and prognosis of patients with septic shock complicated with acute kidney injury by hemodiafiltration combined with HA330‐II hemoperfusion
Authors: Zhou Juan , Li Haopeng , Zhang Lei , Chen Guangjian , Wang Gang , Zhu HuiHui , Hao Yingxin , Wu Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo explore the effect of CRRT using CVVHDF + HP on the removal of inflammatory mediators in patients with septic shock complicated with AKI.MethodsA total of 20 patients between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, were included. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group (CVVHDF + HP) and the control group (CVVHDF). Changes in inflammatory factors, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, PCT, and CRP were compared. Other observed measures were also analyzed, for example, Lac, Scr, BUN, SOFA, and norepinephrine (NE) dosage. The clinical outcomes of both groups were followed up for 28 days.ResultsThe IL‐6 and PCT levels in the treatment group were significantly lower (p = 0.005, 0.007). Although the IL‐1β, TNFα, and CRP levels in the treatment group decreased, there were no statistical differences (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in Lac, SOFA, and NE dosage levels between both groups (p = 0.023, 0.01, 0.023). Survival analysis showed that the 28‐day survival rate was significantly higher in the treatment group.ConclusionCRRT using CVVHDF+HP can effectively remove inflammatory factors and improve the prognosis of patients.
Surgical resection of an intraluminal tumor in the azygos vein with an unknown primary site causing superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: Monden Yuki , Une Dai , Torigoe Hidejiro , Isoda Tetsuya , Kamaguchi Suzuka , Yoshida Kenji , Hirami Yuji , Nakai Mikizo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntraluminal tumor in the azygos vein is a rare disease that can cause superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Radiotherapy and endovascular stenting with or without chemotherapy are reported to have a high clinical success rate for the management of SVC syndrome with malignancy, but a poor survival rate. Here, we report a 69‐year‐old man who presented with swelling of the face and upper extremities, who was diagnosed with SVC syndrome caused by an intraluminal tumor in the azygos vein. Enhanced chest computed tomography revealed an intraluminal mass with a filling defect from the azygos vein to the SVC, with no extravascular extension or dissemination of the primary tumor. Surgical resection of the mass en bloc with the azygos vein and SVC reconstruction was performed. A poorly differentiated carcinoma was diagnosed on postoperative pathological evaluation. Twelve months after resection, the patient was well with no signs of recurrent disease. This case highlights that surgical resection should be considered as a treatment of choice for the management of SVC syndrome caused by an intraluminal malignancy in the azygos vein.
Roles of lncLingo2 and its derived miR‐876‐5p in the acquisition of opioid reinforcement
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Zhang Xiuning , Zhang Minglong , Lu Yun , Xie Bing , Sun Shaoguang , Yu Hailei , Cong Bin , Luo Yixiao , Ma Chunling , Wen Di 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent studies found that non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) played crucial roles in drug addiction through epigenetic regulation of gene expression and underlying drug‐induced neuroadaptations. In this study, we characterized lncRNA transcriptome profiles in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice exhibiting morphine‐conditioned place preference (CPP) and explored the prospective roles of novel differentially expressed lncRNA, lncLingo2 and its derived miR‐876‐5p in the acquisition of opioids‐associated behaviours. We found that the lncLingo2 was downregulated within the NAc core (NAcC) but not in the NAc shell (NAcS). This downregulation was found to be associated with the development of morphine CPP and heroin intravenous self‐administration (IVSA). As Mfold software revealed that the secondary structures of lncLingo2 contained the sequence of pre‐miR‐876, transfection of LV‐lncLingo2 into HEK293 cells significantly upregulated miR‐876 expression and the changes of mature miR‐876 are positively correlated with lncLingo2 expression in NAcC of morphine CPP trained mice. Delivering miR‐876‐5p mimics into NAcC also inhibited the acquisition of morphine CPP. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase assay confirmed that miR‐876‐5p binds to its target gene, Kcnn3, selectively and regulates morphine CPP training‐induced alteration of Kcnn3 expression. Lastly, the electrophysiological analysis indicated that the currents of small conductance calcium‐activated potassium (SK) channel was increased, which led to low neuronal excitability in NAcC after CPP training, and these changes were reversed by lncLingo2 overexpression. Collectively, lncLingo2 may function as a precursor of miR‐876‐5p in NAcC, hence modulating the development of opioid‐associated behaviours in mice, which may serve as an underlying biomarker and therapeutic target of opioid addiction.
A study on fruit fly host range reveals the low infestation rate of Bactrocera dorsalis (Tephritidae) in Mayotte
Authors: Moquet Laura , Dupin Tim , Maigné Louis , Huat Joel , Chesneau Thomas , Delatte Hélène 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is one of the world's most invasive and polyphagous fruit pests. It causes severe damage throughout its range and can devastate the entire fruit harvest in unprotected orchards. In 2007, B. dorsalis was detected in Mayotte, where it now ranks ninth on the list of fruit fly species of economic importance. This tropical island is a good study area to analyse the host range of B. dorsalis and its interactions with other resident fruit fly species.
Two field campaigns were carried out from 2012 to 2014 and from 2019 to 2021. We collected fruit from all over the island in cultivated and non‐cultivated areas and compared the infestation rates between the two periods.
We detected six fruit fly species, including the common species Dacus ciliatus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Ceratitis capitata, B. dorsalis and two rarer species, Dacus etiennellus and Trirhithrum nigerrimum.
The most surprising result was the low occurrence of B. dorsalis, with only seven host plant species identified out of a total of 84 plant species. Infestation rates were low for these host plant species, even in the case of mango (11.71 flies/kg) and Indian almond (0.97 fly/kg), which are considered to be major host plants of B. dorsalis.
Bactrocera dorsalis seems to have a lower impact in Mayotte than in other parts of the world. We discuss the possible causes of the weak infestation rates observed, which could provide the key to regulating the species on the island.
Machinery structure, machinery subsidies, and agricultural productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Meng Meng , Yu Leng , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough agricultural machinery is indispensable for modern agriculture, the effect of machinery structure on food production is rarely scrutinized. Machinery structure, referring to the proportion of high‐capacity machines which are represented by tractors with relatively high horsepower, is used to measure the scale of agricultural machinery. In response, this article investigates how agricultural machinery structurally impacts grain production theoretically and empirically, with particular emphasis on the effects of capacity structure and subsidy policy. The article estimates a Translog production function with a panel dataset covering 126 counties across Xinjiang and Hubei provinces in China from 2002 to 2012. Though we find the general elasticity of output with respect to machinery inputs is .03, the capacity structure of agricultural machines could impact agricultural production by inducing the reallocation of other input factors. Along with the upsizing of farming machines, we observe the complementarity between machinery horsepower and land inputs in production increases, while the joint effect of machinery and fertilizer decreases. The positive land channel is found in areas with fewer high‐capacity machines, while the negative fertilizer channel occurs when there are more large machines.
Principles for management of hip fracture for older adults taking direct oral anticoagulants: an international consensus statement
Authors: Mitchell R. J. , Wijekulasuriya S. , Mayor A. , Borges F. K. , Tonelli A. C. , Ahn J. , Seymour H. ,   the Fragility Fracture Network Hip Fracture Audit Special Interest Group
Published: February 2024

SummaryHip fracture is a common serious injury among older adults, yet the management of hip fractures for patients taking direct oral anticoagulants remains inconsistent worldwide. Drawing from a synthesis of available evidence and expert opinion, best practice approaches for managing patients with a hip fracture and who are taking direct oral anticoagulants pre‐operatively were considered by a working group of the Fragility Fracture Network Hip Fracture Audit Special Interest Group. The literature and related clinical guidelines were reviewed and a two‐round modified Delphi study was conducted with a panel of experts from 16 countries and involved seven clinical specialities. Four consensus statements were achieved: peripheral nerve blocks can reasonably be performed on presentation for patients with hip fracture who are receiving direct oral anticoagulants; hip fracture surgery can reasonably be performed for patients taking direct oral anticoagulants < 36 h from last dose; general anaesthesia could reasonably be administered for patients with hip fracture and who are taking direct oral anticoagulants < 36 h from last dose (assuming eGFR > 60 ml.min‐1.1.73 m‐2); and it is generally reasonable to consider recommencing direct oral anticoagulants (considering blood loss and haemoglobin) < 48 h after hip fracture surgery. No consensus was achieved regarding timing of spinal anaesthesia. The consensus statements were developed to aid clinicians in their decision‐making and to reduce practice variations in the management of patients with hip fracture and who are taking direct oral anticoagulants. Each statement will need to be considered specific to each individual patient's treatment.
Where Asylum and Austerity Meet: Deservingness and In/Exclusion in Rochdale
Authors: Sheldrick Alistair 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe UK's asylum and social welfare systems have both been transformed by major organisational changes, funding cuts, and privatisations through a decade of austerity. With this, asylum‐seeker accommodation and the impacts of welfare reform have become increasingly concentrated in already‐impoverished, peripheral urban areas such as Rochdale, Greater Manchester. Despite these parallels, scholarship and commentary in the UK has tended to consider welfare and border regimes in relative isolation. Based on ethnographic work conducted in two charity drop‐centres in the town, this article addresses this gap by exploring how the UK's converging politics and geographies of asylum and welfare governance shape everyday negotiations of deservingness and social in/exclusion.
Carbonous Concealment: Governing “Wild” Substances and Subterranean Storage in an Era of Climate Change
Authors: Field Sean 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic field research that I conducted in Houston, Texas since late 2018, I explore subterranean storage arrangements utilised by the US hydrocarbon industry. I argue that storage is vital not only to its pluri‐temporal strategies but to the outward projection of good governance. Natural gas, I show, has evolved from excess nuisance, to liability, to potential asset turned commodity in ways that parallel unfolding understandings and treatments of carbon dioxide. Governance and subterranean carbonous storage arrangements, I argue, are tied to the materiality of liquid versus gaseous hydrocarbons and to how understandings of this materiality have changed. Paying attention to what these storage spaces mean and to whom can lend insights into why storage is utilised and to what effect.
The impact of microbiota and ketogenic diet interventions in the management of drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Diaz‐Marugan Laura , Rutsch Andrina , Kaindl Angela M. , Ronchi Francesca 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimDrug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a neurological disorder characterized by uncontrolled seizures. It affects between 10%–40% of the patients with epilepsy worldwide. Drug‐resistant patients have been reported to have a different microbiota composition compared to drug‐sensitive patients and healthy controls. Importantly, fecal microbiota transplantations (FMTs), probiotic and dietary interventions have been shown to be able to reduce seizure frequency and improve the quality of life in drug‐resistant patients. The classic ketogenic diet (KD) and its modifications may reduce seizures in DRE in some patients, whereas in others they do not. The mechanisms mediating the dietary effects remain elusive, although it is known that gut microbes play an important role in transmitting dietary effects to the host. Indeed, specific commensal microbes differ even between responders and non‐responders to KD treatment.MethodsIn this narrative mini‐review, we summarize what is known about the gut microbiota changes and ketogenic diets with special focus on patients with DRE.Results and ConclusionsBy highlighting unanswered questions and by suggesting future research directions, we map the route towards future improvement of successful DRE therapy.
High prevalence of MAFLD in general population: A large cross‐sectional study calls for concerted public health action
Authors: Prabhakar Tushar , Prasad Manya , Kumar Guresh , Kaushal Kanica , Shenoy Priyanka S. , Dubey Shantanu , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundMetabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a relatively new term with limited studies done in South Asian population.AimTo determine prevalence and clinico‐epidemiological characteristics of MAFLD in general population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in randomly selected regions across Delhi, India. Data were collected on socio‐demographic particulars, health status and lifestyle factors. Anthropometric measurements, transient elastography, and laboratory investigations were carried out.ResultsAltogether 6146 participants (mean age: 43.1 ± 13.9 years, 48.1% males) were included. The prevalence of MAFLD was 56.4% (n = 3468), of which lean MAFLD constituted 11.3%. Higher age (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.21–2.76), low education level (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39), upper socio‐economic class (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.17–1.49), and low physical activity (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03–1.28) were more common in MAFLD. The association of female sex with MAFLD differed in age groups <40 years (OR: 0.64 and 95% CI: 0.55–0.75) and >40 years (OR: 1.40 and 95% CI: 1.22–1.62) in both magnitude and direction (p < 0.001). Liver fibrosis was present in 23% of the study population (32.2% among MAFLD group). Advanced liver fibrosis was three times more common in MAFLD group (6.2% vs 1.8%, p < 0.001). Obesity and fibrosis had a statistically significant relationship and 75.8% of the individuals with advanced stages of fibrosis had obesity.ConclusionNearly half of study population was found to have MAFLD. Advanced hepatic fibrosis was three times more common in these subjects. Aggressive public health measures are urgently required to raise awareness and introduce interventional strategies.