bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the contribution of G x E x M interactions to maize productivity in Central Mozambique amid climate change
Authors: Leonardo Wilson Jose , Silva João Vasco , Nagarajan Latha , Singh Upendra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal staple in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, smallholders only produce about 20% of what is biophysically possible with agronomic best practices. On-farm researcher- and farmer-managed experiments were conducted in two consecutive cropping seasons in Central Mozambique to disentangle the relative contribution of genotype-by-environment-by-management (G x E x M) interactions to smallholder maize yields in relation to improved varieties, sowing time, and fertilization regime. In the 2022-2023 cropping season, maize yield variability on fertile fields was explained by a three-way interaction between fertilizer regime, sowing date, and variety, whereas on infertile fields, it was explained by fertilizer regime only. The highest yields were obtained with early sowing of a medium- (3.6 t ha-1) or early- (3.1 t ha-1) duration variety, whereas late sowing yielded the least (1.6 t ha-1). In the 2023-2024 cropping season, characterized by El Nino-induced drought, yield variability on fertile fields was explained by variety, with the highest yield associated with the medium-duration variety, and on infertile fields by fertilizer regime. On farmer-managed experiments, maize yield variability was attributed to variety and fertilizer. Profitability with the improved varieties and mineral fertilizers tested depended upon soil fertility and the magnitude of water limitation on maize growth, with trade-offs arising between food security and return on investment in improved genetics and agronomic management. Targeting medium-duration maize varieties in combination with early sowing and nutrient inputs was found to be critical for food security amid climate change.
Introns increase gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans by a notably different mechanism than in plants
Authors: Rose Alan B. , Baer Aaron , Shaker Isaac , Monroe J. Grey , Korf Ian , Rose Lesilee S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The wide diversity of organisms in which introns stimulate gene expression suggests that this is an ancient phenomenon. However, the mechanisms through which introns boost expression remain poorly understood, and the degree the which the action of introns is evolutionarily conserved is unknown. Here we compared the effect on expression of introns at different positions and tested ten different introns at the same location in a reporter gene in single-copy transgenic nematodes. The introns boosted expression most when near the start of the gene, as previously observed in several organisms. All ten introns tested at the same position increased mRNA accumulation 10- to 17-fold, in contrast to plants where introns vary widely in their effect on expression and relatively few increase mRNA levels 10-fold or more. These results suggest that some aspects of the mechanisms through which introns boost expression are fundamentally different in nematodes and plants.
The puncture model and clinical application of laparoscopic ultrasound-guided liver tumor ablation
Authors: Zhang Yin , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) -guided ablation of liver tumors is an important method for the treatment of hepatic neoplasms. This technique involves needle insertion from the lateral side of the ultrasound probe, and selecting the appropriate puncture point presents certain challenges. The right-angle wedge model can effectively demonstrate this puncture process. This study aims to analyze the clinical efficacy of microwave ablation for liver tumors under LUS guidance and to provide a quantitative description of the right-angle wedge model. A total of 13 patients with small liver carcinoma participated in this study. None of these patients experienced significant complications postoperatively, such as bleeding, jaundice, or intestinal injury. Comparisons between preoperative and postoperative day two laboratory indicators revealed a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase levels [32 (15, 62.5) U/L vs. 135 (81, 319.5) U/L], which was statistically significant (P=0.02). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement one month after surgery indicated that all tumors had been completely ablated. Furthermore, through our research on the right-angle wedge model, we established that by knowing the position of the LUS probe, scanning plane, and angle of needle insertion, it is possible to calculate specific points from which target locations can be reached. In conclusion, LUS-guided liver tumor ablation is conducted safely and effectively under dual visualization provided by both laparoscopy and LUS throughout the procedure. Considering the need for puncture from the side of the LUS probe, this technique requires a solid three-dimensional understanding; based on our models and research, we are able to identify precise puncture points that facilitate rapid completion of both puncture and ablation procedures.
Factors Associated with Persistent Biliary Leaks After Successful ERCP in Trauma Patients
Authors: Chua Justin-James , Cortes Pedro , Alipour Omeed , Adebamiji Adaku , Balmadrid Bryan L. , Tomizawa Yutaka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Biliary leaks are commonly caused by abdominal trauma, which can be managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The data on factors associated with persistent biliary leaks after successful ERCP is scarce. We aimed to describe the factors associated with persistent biliary leaks.
Methods
A retrospective study of an academic level 1 trauma center was conducted on patients presenting with abdominal trauma and had a biliary leak managed with ERCP. The primary outcome was a persistent biliary leak, defined as needing an additional ERCP excluding stent removal.
Results
A total of 76 patients were included, 15.8% of which had a persistent biliary leak requiring additional ERCP. A higher INR at admission (1.6 vs 1.3, p = 0.035), lower sodium at ERCP (135 vs 137 mEq/L, p = 0.045), longer percutaneous abdominal drain time (66 vs 27 days, p = 0.006), longer biliary stent time (98 vs 67 days, p = 0.071), longer ICU stay (17 vs 10 days, p = 0.077), and longer post-ERCP hospital stay (24 vs 11 days, p = 0.078) were associated with a persistent biliary leak. The type of surgery on admission, liver injury grade, and biliary leak site were not associated with a persistent biliary leak.
Conclusions
Persistent biliary leaks occurred in 15.8% of trauma patients even after successful ERCP. A longer time of either internal or external biliary drainage time along with extended hospital stay was associated with a persistent biliary leak, however type of surgery on admission, liver injury grade, and biliary leak site were not associated with a persistent biliary leak.
Knowledge Workers and Regional Economic Disparities in Italy: A Data-Driven Analysis
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Drago Carlo , Costantiello Alberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The article analyzes knowledge workers' values across Italian regions. Metric analysis is carried out by using the ISTAT-BES database. To assess whether any regional grouping is present, based on knowledge worker values, the paper applies clustering by using the k-means algorithm and then optimizes it with the Silhouette coefficient. The data show that the optimal number of clusters corresponds to k=3, but this corresponds to a suboptimal value of the Silhouette coefficient. It is followed by the panel data analysis in order to check for the metric relationships between knowledge worker values and a set of innovation-related variables observed in Italian regions. The results show that knowledge worker values increase with the presence of cultural and creative employment and regular internet users, while they decrease with higher household internet access, increased mobility of university graduates, and research intensity. Finally, a machine learning analysis identifies the most efficient algorithm in prediction the future value of knowledge workers by optimizing the metrics R-squared and Mean Absolute Error. Findings also come with a discussion in the context of the North-South divide that characterizes Italian regions.
JEL CODE: O3, O31, O32, O33, O34
The Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on AI Agent Decision-Making in Public Spaces: A Social Simulation Study
Authors: Ren Mingjun , Xu Wentao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study investigates how the Big Five personality traits influence decision-making processes in AI agents within public spaces. Using AgentVerse framework and GPT-3.5-turbo, we simulated interactions among 10 AI agents, each embodying different dimensions of the Big Five personality traits, in a classroom environment responding to misinformation. The experiment assessed both public expressions ([Speak]) and private thoughts ([Think]) of agents, revealing significant correlations between personality traits and decision-making patterns. Results demonstrate that Openness to Experience had the strongest impact on information acceptance, with curious agents showing high acceptance rates and cautious agents displaying strong skepticism. Extraversion and Conscientiousness also showed notable influence on decision-making, while Neuroticism and Agreeableness exhibited more balanced responses. Additionally, we observed significant discrepancies between public expressions and private thoughts, particularly in agents with friendly and extroverted personalities, suggesting that social context influences decision-making behavior. Our findings contribute to understanding how personality traits shape AI agent behavior in social settings and have implications for developing more nuanced and context-aware AI systems.
Mentalization: An Overview of the Concept
Authors: Fitzgerald Anna 
Published: February 2025

The phenomenon of mentalization is currently widely discussed from various perspectives and approaches. This article is a short review of the creation and understanding of the concept from the perspective of various practices and needs and as a human ability that develops in early childhood. Mentalization is directly related to the theory of mind, which includes child and human development, and attachment theory, which provides the patterns for this ability. A person’s dimension within the spectrum of mentalization indicates a broader or more limited perception of reality, of what is happening to them, and of what influences others’ intentions. In other words, it involves how a person reads their situation and interprets what brought them to the point where they are and what intentions and reasons they attribute to the other person in a relationship. The dimensions of mentalization show in detail how its development in an individual affects various areas of observation and experience and, consequently, the individual’s perceivedwell-being. By analyzing attachment styles in the development of mentalization, researchers can identify the influence and quality of mentalization in people with different attachment styles, indicating different scopes of mentalization. Naturally, the greatest quality is attributed to the secure attachment style. Mentalization as a function of traits presents a perspective on how different mental systems can coexist with each other, while simultaneously activating many styles and a range of thinking. Mentalization that develops incorrectly leads to psychopathology and most studies refer to borderline disorders. Finally, the article addresses the therapeutic aspect of psychotherapy and its impact on mentalization: its development, plasticity, and biological functions. This short introduction to the issue of mentalization, although it only approaches the entire depth of the topic, is a kind of inspiration to look at many aspects of mentalization and to explore them in the dimensions of human functioning mentioned in the literature.
Role of Ayurveda in the Prevention of Communicable Diseases
Authors: Ashwini R. Metangale  , Brijesh R. Mishra  
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Infectious or communicable diseases can be defined as illness caused by another living agent or its products that spread from person to person and can be a cause of emergency. Ayurveda do believe in microorganisms i.e., Krimi, but emphasized more on body’s response and occurrence of disease i.e. Vyadhikshamatwa. Communicable diseases well described by Acharya Sushrut termed Aupasargika Roga for epidemic condition, spread through contacts. Acharya Charak coined Janapadodhvansa Roga for pandemic conditions involving rapid outbreak on large scale. Because of improper diet, lack of exercise, stress, fast food, junk food & global warming overall health status of individuals is poor and they are prone to communicable diseases like Covid 19, H1N1 Influenza creating a burden over health care system. Aims & Objectives: To spread the awareness about Ayurvedic approach towards preventing communicable diseases. And to study the role of Ahara and Vihara in prevention of communicable diseases. Result & Conclusion: A healthy and long peaceful life devoid of any disease is the main aim of Ayurveda through implementation of Dincharaya, Rutucharya, Sadvritta is important for physical and mental health. With the help of Shodhan (Panchakarma), Shamana (Aushadha) & Rasayana these diseases can be cured. In this literary work, efforts have been made to find out how Ayurveda can help to prevent communicable diseases.
Development of Chatbot-Based Oral Health Care for Young Children and Evaluation of its Effectiveness, Usability, and Acceptability: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Pupong Kittiwara , Hunsrisakhun Jaranya , Pithpornchaiyakul Samerchit , Naorungroj Supawadee 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Chatbots are increasingly accepted in public health for their ability to replicate human-like communication and provide scalable, 24/7 services. The high prevalence of dental caries in children underscores the need for early and effective intervention.

Objective
This study aimed to develop the 30-Day FunDee chatbot and evaluate its effectiveness, usability, and acceptability in delivering oral health education to caregivers of children aged 6 to 36 months.

Methods
The chatbot was created using the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot behavior change model, integrating behavioral change theories into content designed for 3‐5 minutes of daily use over 30 days. A pre-post experimental study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022 in Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province, and Maelan District, Pattani Province, Thailand. Fifty-eight caregivers completed a web-based structured questionnaire at baseline and 2 months post baseline to evaluate knowledge, protection motivation theory-based perceptions, and tooth-brushing practices. Usability was assessed via chatbot logfiles and a web-based questionnaire at 2 months post baseline. Acceptability was evaluated through three methods: (1) open-ended chatbot interactions on day 30, (2) a web-based structured questionnaire at 2 months post baseline, and (3) semistructured telephone interviews with 15 participants 2 weeks post intervention. Participants for interviews were stratified by adherence levels and randomly selected from Hatyai and Maelan districts. All self-reported variables were measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1=lowest, 5=highest).

Results
The chatbot was successfully developed based on the 4 components of the AI chatbot behavior change model. Participants had a mean age of 34.5 (SD 8.6) years. The frequency of tooth brushing among caregivers significantly improved, increasing from 72.4% at baseline to 93.1% two months post baseline (P=.006). Protection motivation theory-based perceptions also showed significant improvement, with mean scores rising from 4.0 (SD 0.6) at baseline to 4.5 (SD 0.6) two months post baseline (P<.001). The chatbot received high ratings for satisfaction (4.7/5, SD 0.6) and usability (4.7/5, SD 0.5). Participants engaged with the chatbot for an average of 24.7 (SD 7.2) days out of 30. Caregivers praised the chatbot’s content quality, empathetic communication, and multimedia design, but noted the intervention’s lengthy duration and messaging system as limitations.

Conclusions
The 30-Day FunDee chatbot effectively enhanced caregivers’ perceptions of oral health care and improved tooth-brushing practices for children aged 6‐36 months. High user satisfaction and engagement demonstrate its potential as an innovative tool for oral health education. These findings warrant further validation through large-scale, randomized controlled trials.
Short-Term Metformin Protects Against Glucocorticoid-Induced Toxicity in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Thierry Susanne , Peterson Caspar Joyce , Pfammatter Stéphanie , Tardio Patricia Arroyo , Meier Christian , Delko Tarik , Iten Vasco , Zuern Christine S. , Kühne Michael , Epstein Michael , Othman Alaa , Zamboni Nicola , Reinisch Isabel , Ghosh Adhideb , Wolfrum Christian , Seelig Eleonora 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory drugs, but strategies to prevent side effects are lacking. We investigated whether metformin could prevent GC-related toxicity and explored the underlying mechanisms.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial compared metformin with placebo during high-dose GC treatment in 18 lean, healthy, male study participants. The trial was conducted at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. Participants received prednisone 30 mg/d in combination with metformin or placebo for two 7-day periods (1:1 randomization). The primary outcome, change in insulin sensitivity, was assessed using a two-sided paired t test. Before and after each study period, we conducted a mixed-meal tolerance test, blood metabolomics, and RNA sequencing of subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy specimens.

RESULTS
Metformin improved insulin sensitivity as assessed by the Matsuda index (n = 17; mean change: −2.73 ± 3.55 SD for placebo, 2.21 ± 3.95 for metformin; mean difference of change −4.94 [95% CI, −7.24, −2.65)]; P &lt; 0.001). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that metformin altered fatty acid flux in the blood and downregulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue. Metformin reduced markers of protein breakdown and bone resorption. Furthermore, metformin downregulated genes responsible for AMPK inhibition and affected GLP1 and bile acid metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS
Metformin prevents GC-induced insulin resistance and reduces markers of dyslipidemia, myopathy, and, possibly, bone resorption through AMPK-dependent and -independent pathways.
Peranan Parasitoid dalam Mengendalikan Hama Puru Daun Eukalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) di Bali
Authors: Susila I Wayan , Supartha I Wayan , Adriyani Ni Putu Erina Puspita , Utama I Wayan Eka Karya , Yudha I Kadek Wisma 
Published: February 2025

The Role of Parasitoids in Controlling Eucalyptus Gall Pests (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) in Bali. Eucalyptus spp. is a plant native in Indonesia. Eucalyptus leaves are part of the plant that is harvested and used as industrial raw material. However, a gall attack on eucalyptus leaves resulted in the formation of galls, which resulted in decreased production in eucalyptus plants. Research on the role of parasitoids in controlling eucalyptus leaf weevil pests in Bali aims to determine the types of parasitoids that play a role in controlling eucalyptus leaf gall pests in Bali. This research consists of field research and laboratory research. Field research was carried out at eucalyptus planting centers in Bali. Laboratory research was carried out at the Integrated Pest and Plant Disease Management Laboratory, Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The research starts from April to October 2022. This research uses a survey method, sampling is carried out at eucalyptus planting locations in Bali. The results of the research found two types of insect pests that cause gall on eucalyptus plants in Bali, namely Ophelimus eucalypti and Ctenarytaina sp., and there are four species of parasitoids that play a role in controlling it. The four parasitoids are Closterocerus chamaelon Girault (Eulophidae), Megastigmus sp (Torymidae), Erytoma sp, Illger (Eurytomidae) and Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Eulophidae), with parasitization rate of 9.70%, 6.25%, 3.02%, and 2.05% respectively. In total, the parasitization rate of the four parasitoids was 21.02%.
Respon Pertumbuhan Stek Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) terhadap Penambahan ZPT dan POC Kulit Pisang Kepok pada Fase Pembibitan
Authors: Nugraha Faiz , Susiyanti Susiyanti , Rumbiak Julio Eiffelt , Sulistyorini Endang 
Published: February 2025

Growth Response of Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Cuttings to the Addition of ZPT and POC Banana Kepok Peel in the Seeding Phase. The production of durian fruit in Indonesia fluctuates annually, yet there continues to be a high demand for durian. This research explores the use of Plant Growth Regulators (ZPT) and Liquid Organic Fertilizers (POC) to enhance durian propagation efficiency. The aim is to understand the effects of ZPT and POC on durian plant response, grafting models, and bud break time, aiming to produce high-quality durian seedlings. The experimental research method employed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with cluster randomization. The study consisted of 2 factors with 3 replications each: ZPT Growtone (G1: 5 mg/l; G2: 10 mg/l; G3: 15 mg/l) and POC Banana Peel (P1: 100 ml/polybag; P2: 200 ml/polybag; P3: 300 ml/polybag), resulting in 27 experimental units. The results indicate that ZPT treatment influenced the percentage of successful grafting but did not affect bud break days, length of scion, leaf emergence, or rootstock length. Meanwhile, the POC banana peel treatment affected plant height and scion length but did not influence grafting success rate, bud break, leaf emergence, or rootstock length. There was no interaction observed between the effects of ZPT and POC banana peel on each parameter.
Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Dalam Determinan Pengungkapan Tax Avoidance
Authors: Tiara Bunga , Nurdin Fajar 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to determine how profitability, inventory intensity, thin capitalization and tax avoidance are influenced by company size. The sample of this survey is 54 manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sector listed between 2021 and 2023 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Eviews 12 software is used to test the data in this study. The results of the study profitability and inventory intensity have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, thin capitalize has no effect on tax avoidance. Company size is able to moderate profitability and thin capitalize on tax avoidance. However, company size is not able to moderate the relationship between inventory intensity and tax avoidance.
Keywords: Profitability; Inventory Intensity; Thin Capitalize; Company Size; Tax Avoidance.