bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical formation during the tensile failure of polymer fibers
Authors: Crist B. , Peterlin A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBond rupture associated with the tensile deformation of oriented Nylon 6 has been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). Two samples were investigated, a single monofilament (“bristle”) and a commercial low twist yarn. Experiments with the monofilament show that tensile deformation has substantial irreversible effects on the free radical concentration observed at failure, but no effect on the ultimate properties of the fiber. It was also demonstrated that the stress‐strain behavior of the yarn is quite different from that of the fibers near the ultimate extension. These present experiments raise serious questions as to the correctness of previous reports in which the bond breakage observed by ESR is assumed to uniquely determine the deformation and fracture process.
Polymerisation von methacrylsäure‐methylester mit eisenchloriden als initiatoren in sauren wäßrigen lösungen
Authors: Jovanović Slobodan M. , Novaković Miroljub 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDer Einfluß von anorganischen Salzen auf die Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren in wäßrigen und nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmitteln ist von mehreren Autoren untersucht worden1–4. Dabei wurde gezeigt, daß Eisen(III)‐chlorid die kinetische Kette durch einen Einelektronen‐Übertragungsprozeß abbrechen kann.Es ist auch bekannt, daß man Eisen(III)‐salze, wie Eisen(III)‐chlorid, als Photosensibilisatoren für die Polymerisation von Methacrylsäure‐methylester5,6in Wasser oder von Acrylnitril in γ‐Butyrolacton7benutzen kann.
Metallkomplexe mit polymeren liganden, 3. Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit poly(2‐pyridyläthylen) [poly(2‐vinylpyridin)]
Authors: Biedermann Hans‐G. , Griessl Erika , Wichmann Klaus 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAtaktisches Poly(2‐pyridyläthylen) [Poly(2‐vinylpyridin)] bildet mit Übergangsmetallverbindungen in Äthanol die folgenden Komplexe:[Mt(II)L2(C7H7N)2]n(1b, 1c), [MtJ2(C7H7N)3]n(2b, 2c), [NiJ2(C7H7N)4]n(3b), [FeCl2(C7H7N)2]n(1a), [CoCl2(C7H7N)3]n(2a) und [FeCl3(C7H7N)2]n(4), Mt = Co, Ni. L = Acetylacetonat. Das Koordinationsverhalten des Poly(2‐pyridyläthylens) und die IR‐Spektren werden diskutiert.
Vinyl polymerization, 311. Synthesis and polymerization of 2‐bromoethoxyphenoxyphosphoryl methacrylate
Authors: Doiuchi Tooru , Nakaya Tadao , Imoto Minoru 
Published: April 2003

Abstract2‐Bromoethoxyphenoxyphosphoryl methacrylate (5) was synthesized by the reaction of 2‐bromoethyl phenylchlorophosphonate (3) with silver methacrylate and then polymerized by a radical initiator. The resulting polymer was soluble in DMF, but insoluble in other organic solvents. The hydrolysis of the polymer with sulfuric acid led to the corresponding poly(methacrylic acid) with a molecular weight of Mn=4,4·105 (Pn=5,1·103). 5 was copolymerized with acrylonitrile and the monomer reactivity ratio was determined: r1 = 2,20, r2=0,27.
Charge‐transfer complexes of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) with organic electron acceptors
Authors: Enomoto Takamichi , Hatano Masahiro 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPoly(N‐vinylcarbazole) and its monomeric analog, i.e., N‐ethylcarbazole, act as donors in charge‐transfer complex formations with such electron acceptors as 2,3,5,6‐tetracyano‐1,4‐dimethylene‐2,5‐cyclohexadien‐1,4‐diylidene, tetracyanoethylene and 2,4,5,7‐tetranitro‐9‐fluorenone. The formation constants of the charge‐transfer complex of N‐ethylcarbazole with the electron acceptors are higher than those of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) with the same electron acceptors. In order to clarify the polymer effect on these formation constants, poly(N‐vinyl carbazole)s, prepared by two types of polymerizations, are fractionated using a gel permeation chromatography technique, and the fractionated polymers are used for the measurements of the formation constants of the charge‐transfer complexes with various sorts of electron acceptors. The relation between charge‐transfer complex formation and molecular weight of the polymer is discussed in terms of the formation constant and the thermodynamic parameters.
Vinyl polymerization by metal complexes, 11. Formation of polyvinylamine‐copper(II) chelates
Authors: Kimura Keiichi , Inaki Yoshiaki , Takemoto Kiichi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanism of catalysis of polyvinylamine‐copper(II) chelates on the initiation of vinyl polymerizations, stability constants of these chelates were measured by applying a modification of BJERRUM'S method, and each concentration of the chemical species was estimated on the basis of the chelate theory. From these results, the activity of the polyvinylamine‐copper(II) chelates for the polymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate at different pH values was discussed.
Preparation of a novel polyoxime and reversible uptakes of molecular oxygen and carbon monoxide by its metal complexes
Authors: Kim Sung Jho , Takizawa Takeo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPolyketones with carbonyl groups in the polymer backbone (ethylene‐carbon monoxide copolymer) have been converted into a novel polyoxime by means of C‐nitrosation of the methylene groups and oximation of the carbonyl groups. The polyoxime is considered to be composed largely of 1,2‐bis(hydroxyimino)trimethylene units. From the polyoxime and divalent Fe‐, Co‐, or Ni‐salts, polymeric metal chelate complexes were prepared which are capable of combining reversibly with molecular oxygen and, especially the Fe‐complex, also with carbon monoxide.
Influence of the structure of cobalt(III)‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) complexes on the electron‐transfer reaction
Authors: Tsuchida Eishun , Karino Yukio , Nishide Hiroyuki , Kurimura Yoshimi 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCobalt(III)‐complexes having a polymeric ligand, cis‐[Co(en)2PVPCl]Cl2, cis‐[Co(trien)‐PVPCl]Cl2, cis‐[Co(en)2PVPBr]Br2, cis‐[Co(en)2PVPN3]Cl2 and cis‐[Co(en)2QPVPCl]Cl2 (where PVP = poly(4‐vinylpyridine) and QPVP = partially quarternized PVP) were prepared and their reduction with ferrous sulfate was studied. Complex formation with QPVP was shown to be affected by steric factors such as the degree of polymerization and the bulkiness of the quaternizing agents, but the quarternization showed only a small steric influence on the reduction kinetics. The order of the reduction rate of cis‐[Co(en)2PVPX]2+ with respect to the bridging ligand X is N3 > Cl > Br, and the reduction rate of cis‐[Co(en)2PVPCl]2+ is higher than that of cis‐[Co(trien)PVPCl]2+. The effects of bridging and non‐bridging ligands in the reduction of polymer complexes were the same as those for the monomeric analogues.
Untersuchungen zur Reaktionsfähigkeit statistisch verteilter Estergruppierungen in Copolymeren aus Styrol und Acrylsäureestern
Authors: Böhmer Volker , Sauerbrey Hans‐Erich , Kämmerer Hermann 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDie Aminolyse der ortho‐ und para‐Nitrophenylester von Propionsäure, Isobuttersäure, 4‐Phenylbuttersäure und 4‐Phenylvaleriansäure sowie von Copolymeren aus Styrol und geringen Mengen Acrylsäure wurde mit Butylamin in Dioxan untersucht. Bei großem Aminüberschuß reagieren die niedermolekularen Ester streng nach erster Ordnung, wobei die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit durch Zugabe von Polystyrol nicht beeinflußt wird. Für Copolymere, deren Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit deutlich geringer ist, erhält man dagegen keine Beziehung erster Ordnung, obwohl die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit der Gesamtkonzentration der Estergruppen direkt proportional ist. Bei den Copolymeren erhält man annähernd die gleichen Aktivierungsenergien wie bei den niedermolekularen Modellestern und ebenfalls eine lineare Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von der Aminkonzentration. Für die Ergebnisse werden zwei unterschiedliche Erklärungen diskutiert.
Complexes à transfert de charge macromoléculaires dérivés de la phénothiazine: Propriétés photochromes
Authors: Gebus Bernard , Knoesel Roger 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDe nouveaux dérivés de la phénothiazine (1a) ont été préparés: la méthyl‐10 vinyl‐3 phénothiazine (1c), le poly[(phénothiazin‐3 yle)‐1 éthylène] (3a) (poly(vinyl‐3‐phénothiazine)) et des copolymères du méthacrylate de méthyle et de la vinyl‐2‐phénothiazine (2). Les propriétés des complexes à transfert de charge, formé par ces polymères et copolymères avec quelques accepteurs d'électrons, sont décrites. En particulier, les propriétés photochromes de certains complexes de la phénothiazine (1a) sont conservées, lorsque le groupe phénothiazinyle est introduit dans un milieu macromoléculaire. Les mécanismes des réactions photochimiques et leurs cinétiques ont été étudiées pour les sytèmes suivants: copolymère méthacrylate de méthyle/vinyl‐2 phénothiazine + accepteur en solution et sous forme de films; phénothiazine + accepteur dispersés dans une matrice solide de poly(méthacrylate de méthyle).
The addition halogenation of poly(1‐alkenylene)s, 5 X‐ray crystal structures of (RS)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrachlorohexane and (RRSS)‐2,3,6,7‐tetrachlorooctane
Authors: Bassi Ivano W. , Scordamaglia Raimondo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe high melting and most easily crystallizable products of the isomer mixtures obtained by addition chlorination of 1,5‐hexadiene and cis,cis‐2,6‐octadiene were found, by X‐ray analysis, to be the meso stereoisomers (RS)‐1,2,5,6‐tetrachlorohexane (TCH) and (RRSS)‐2,3,6,7‐tetrachlorooctane (threo‐disyndiotactic structure) (TCO) respectively.The carbon atoms in both structures are in a nearly planar zigzag, while the side chlorine atoms are in a gauche position in respect of the carbon atoms. These molecular structures are compared with those of the crystalline chain segments obtained by addition chlorination of cis and trans poly(1‐alkenylenes). The crystals of TCH are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with Z=2 in a unit cell having dimensions: a=9,02±0,03, b=10,09±0,03, c=5,23±0,02 Å β=100°12′±20′.The crystals of TCO are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with Z=2, in a unit cell of dimensions: a=10,97±0,03, b=8,66±0,02, c=6,27±0,02 Å, β=101°55′±20′. The X‐ray analysis has been performed with a Stoë‐automated Weissenberg camera. The structures have been refined by least‐square techniques to R=0,06 for 1076 reflections in the case of TCH and R=0,078 for 973 reflections in the case of TCO.
Polychalkone, 5 Untersuchungen über elektrische eigenschaften wärmebeständiger polychalkone
Authors: Rusu Gheorghe I. , Oleinek Heinz , Zugrǎvescu Ion 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Temperaturabhängigkeit der elektrischen Dunkelleitfähigkeit von Preßlingen aus den Polychalkonen 1a‐c und 2a,b berichtet. Es wird gezeigt, daß die elektrischen Eigenschaften nach einer Wärmebehandlung sowohl an der Luft als auch im Vakuum reproduzierbar sind und die Leitfähigkeit mit zunehmender Temperatur wächst, woraus folgt, daß die untersuchten Verbindungen Halbleiter sind. Die für die Aktivierungsenergie (im Gebiet der Eigenleitfähigkeit) gefundenen Werte variieren zwischen 1,45–2,25 eV/mol. Die enge Beziehung zwischen diesen und der chemischen Struktur wird diskutiert.
Investigation of the structure of 1,3,5‐trioxane—1,3‐dioxolane copolymers
Authors: Holdsworth Peter J. , Fischer Erhard W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe temperature dependences of the absolute small angle X‐ray scattering powers and of the unit cell spacings of a series of 1,3,5‐trioxane—1,3‐dioxolane copolymers were measured. From a comparison of these data and of the specific volume values measured by Wilski it is concluded that values of crystallinity calculated in a conventional manner provide meaningful parameters when discussing the microstructure of these materials.The measurements were made on annealed samples. At temperatures below the original annealing temperatures changes in small angle scattering power, long periods and crystallinities of the samples were observed. These changes were reversible with temperature and were too large to be explained by thermal expansion. It is concluded that the copolymers display the phenomenon known as partial melting. Possible structural explanations of this effect are examined.
Influence of polymolecularity on the second virial coefficient of poly(α‐methylstyrene)s in toluene
Authors: Elias Hans‐Georg , Bellido José , Bareiss Rolf E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAnionically polymerized poly(α‐methylstyrene)s were mixed together to give Schulz‐Flory and logarithmic normal distributions with a weight average molecular weight of 80 000 g mol−1each. The second virial coefficients from light scattering in toluence at 25°C were more or less independent of the polymolecularity. The second virial coefficients from osmotic pressure measurements increased however strongly with increasing polymolecularity for mixtures with logarithmic normal distribution, whereas those for Schulz‐Flory distributions decreased.
Über Polyarylenalkenylene und Polyheteroarylenalkenylene, 4. Synthesen und Charakterisierung von Poly(2,7‐fluorenylenvinylenarylenvinylen)en und einigen dazugehörigen Oligomeren
Authors: Kossmehl Gerhard , Hatscher Karl‐Heinz , Manecke Georg 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMit Hilfe der Wittig‐Reaktion des 2,7‐Fluorendicarbaldehyds (1) mit „Mono‐ und Bis‐Wittig‐Salzen”︁ der Benzol‐ und Thiophenreihe wurden einige Poly(2,7‐fluorenylenvinylenarylenvinylen)e (3a–c) sowie einige dazugehörige Oligomere hergestellt. Die Wittig‐Reaktion des 2‐Fluorencarbaldehyds (6) mit „Mono‐ und Bis‐Wittig‐Salzen”︁ ergab eine weitere Reihe von Oligomeren. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Verbindungen wurde durch Elementaranalyse, IR‐ und Elektronenspektren – die der Oligomeren zusätzlich durch Massenspektren – bestätigt. Ferner wurde die elektrische Leitfähigkeit aller Polymerer und Oligomerer sowie der thermooxidative Abbau der Polymeren und einiger Oligomerer untersucht.
Untersuchungen über Poly(arylenvinylen)e, 9. Zusammenhang zwischen der chemischen Struktur und der photoelektrischen Empfindlichkeit von Polyxylylidenen
Authors: Hörhold Hans‐Heinrich , Opfermann Johannes 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAn einer Reihe verschieden substituierter und isomerer Poly(arylenvinylen)e (Polyxylylidene) wurde gefunden, daß bei den undotierten Polymeren zwischen der optischen Anregungsenergie Eopt und der photoelektrischen Empfindlichkeit JPh der Zusammenhang (1) besteht.

Diese Beziehung wird auf der Grundlage einer photochemischen Ionisation der Makromoleküle diskutiert.
Untersuchungen von polymeren im massenspektrometer, 5. Fragmentierungsreaktionen oligomerer oxy‐ und thio‐1,4‐phenylene
Authors: Montaudo Giorgio , Przybylski Michael , Ringsdorf Helmut 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAls Modellverbindungen zur Differenzierung von thermischen und elektronenstoßinduzierten Abbaureaktionen von entsprechenden Polymeren im Massenspektrometer wurden die Fragmentierungsreaktionen oligomerer 1,4‐Phenylene mit Sauerstoff‐, Schwefel‐ und Disulfidbrücken sowie eine Reihe alternierender Co‐oligomersysteme untersucht.Bei verringerter Ionisationsenergie (15 eV) treten in den Massenspektren aller unzersetzt flüchtigen Oligomeren die Molekülionen als intensivste Peaks auf, so daß–bei strukturell gleichen Polymeren–eine eindeutige Identifizierung von thermischen Abbauprodukten erwartet werden kann.In Abhängigkeit von den Brückenatomen werden charakteristische Unterschiede in den Intensitäten der durch “α‐Spaltung” gebildeten elektronenstoßinduzierten Fragmente gefunden.
Gel permeation chromatography with crosslinked polystyrene gels and poor and theta solvents for polystyrene, 2. Separation mechanism
Authors: Dawkins John V. , Hemming Malcolm 
Published: April 2003

AbstractFor separations performed with crosslinked polystyrene gels, an interpretation is proposed for the displacement to high retention volume of plots of log hydrodynamic volume versus retention volume for polystyrene (PS) in poor and theta solvents, e.g. cyclohexane, trans‐decalin, and N,N‐dimethylformamide, with respect to plots for other polymers for which these same eluents are good solvents. PS separates by steric exclusion and by solute‐gel interaction effects giving rise to partition and adsorption mechanisms. The retention volume VR is given by

where V0 is the interstitial volume, Vi is the solvent volume within the gel, KD is the distribution coefficient for steric exclusion, and Kp is the distribution coefficient for solute‐gel interaction effects. For polymers in good solvent media separating solely by steric exclusion, Kp is unity. For PS in poor and theta solvents, network‐limited partition and network‐limited adsorption mechanisms are proposed in which Kp is greater than unity. The hydrodynamic volume universal calibration method is applicable when Kp is greater than unity, provided the retention parameter is changed from VR to (VR–V0)/Kp. From the network‐limited adsorption mechanism, a plot of log[(VR–V0)/Kp] versus polymer hydrodynamic radius yields the average pore size of the crosslinked polystyrene gel. Experiments are reported showing the dependence of Kp on gel porosity and on solvent power by varying the temperature of the eluent.
Gel permeation chromatography with crosslinked polystyrene gels and poor and theta solvents for polystyrene, 3. Temperature dependence of universal calibration for trans‐decalin
Authors: Dawkins John V. , Hemming Malcolm 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGel permeation chromatography calibrations for polystyrene (PS) standards and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDS) fractions have been obtained with crosslinked polystyrene gels using trans‐decalin as eluent at 25, 60, 100, and 138°C. At these temperatures, the Mark‐Houwink exponent for PS in trans‐decalin is 0,52, 0,64, 0,67, and 0,67, respectively. The eluent is a good solvent for PDS at all four temperatures. At 25 and 60°C, the plot of log hydrodynamic volume versus retention volume for PS is displaced to high retention volumes with respect to the plot for PDS, the displacement increasing as the retention volume increases. The deviation between the two plots decreases as the temperature is raised, becoming almost negligible at 100°C. trans‐Decalin gives rise to broadened gel permeation chromatograms, because of the high viscosity of the cluent. However, additional broadening occurs for PS at 25 and 60°C, the broadening increasing as retention volume increases, and as temperature falls. Both the additional retention and broadening for PS are explained by solute‐gel interactions. The calibration results are plotted according to equations representing network‐limited partition and network‐limited adsorption mechanisms. The distribution coefficient for solute‐gel interaction effects. Kp, falls as the temperature is raised. When Kp is greater than unity, it is shown that the hydrodynamic volume universal calibration method is applicable, if the retention parameter is changed from VR to (VR–V0)/Kp, where V0 is the interstitial volume.
Mechanical relaxation in polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers
Authors: Shimura Yukio , Hatakeyama Tatsuko 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMechanical relaxation behaviors were investigated for twelve samples of polystyrene/poly(ethylene oxide) multiblock copolymers and two ABA‐type copolymers using a torsion pendulum type viscometer. Logarithmic decrements of damped oscillations and shear moduli of polymer‐impregnated glass braids were plotted in the temperature range between –130 and 130°C. The temperature for the maximum logarithmic decrement decreased with the molecular weight of the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks showing increased relaxation of the polystyrene blocks. Relative modulus values are also discussed in relation to the amounts of poly(ethylene oxide) blocks.
Tetraaza[14]annulen‐derivate und ihre vorstufen, 1. Niedermolekulare modellverbindungen
Authors: Müller Reinhardt , Wöhrle Dieter 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAromatische o‐Diamine (1) und Propinal reagieren im Molverhältnis 1:2 zu 3,3′‐(1,2‐Arylen‐1,2‐diimino)dipropenalen (2). Die Umsetzung der Diamine 1 mit Propinal im Mengenverhältnis 1:1 nach verschiedenen Methoden führt zu niedermolekularen symmetrischen und asymmetrischen Tetraaza[14]annulen‐Derivaten (4). Zahlreiche Metallkomplexe (3 und 5) wurden aus den Verbindungen 2 bzw. 4, dargestellt. Die Produkte wurden durch IR‐, Elektronen‐ und Massenspektren charakterisiert.
Stereoregularity of polystyrene and mechanism of polymerization
Authors: Matsuzaki Kei , Uryu Toshiyuki , Seki Toshiyuki , Osada Kiyoshi , Kawamura Tokiji 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe Stereoregularity of polystyrenes prepared with radical, anionic, and cationic initiators was determined by means of 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Aromatic C1 carbon spectra measured on o‐dichlorobenzene solutions consisted of about six peaks and the peak at the highest magnetic field (at 146,3 ppm) was assigned to an rrrr pentad. The proportion of racemic dyads Pr, was directly calculated from the proportion of the rrrr pentad peak assuming that the Bernoullian statistics holds for the polymerization of styrene. The Pr values of polystyrenes prepared with radical initiators at temperatures from 80° to 0°C were 0,72–0,73, while the cationic polymerizations gave Pr values ranging from 0,54 to 0,68. The Pr values of the same polystyrenes were also calculated by use of a p‐xylene/chloroform mixture as solvent for the 13C‐NMR measurements. For anionically obtained polystyrenes, considerably different Pr values were found using both solvent systems. From this, it was considered that the anionic polymerization of styrene with butyllithium as catalyst does not obey the Bernoullian statistics.
Dynamic cooling and isothermal crystallizations of poly(vinylidene fluoride) from the melt
Authors: Nakamura Shigeo , Sasaki Toshio , Funamoto Jun , Matsuzaki Kei 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe dynamic cooling and the isothermal crystallizations of poly(vinylidene fluoride) from the melt were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter. In both the dynamic cooling and isothermal crystallizations, the kinetic treatments indicated that during the crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) the nucleation proceeds homogeneously and the growth occurs three dimensionally. The melting curves were recorded at various stages of the isothermal crystallization, and the thickening of lamellar crystals was observed, which can be explained more reasonably by the annealing theory than by the molecular fractionation theory.
Preparation of poly[N‐(3‐acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole] and its charge transfer complex with 2,4,7‐trinitrofluorenone
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Tazuke Shigeo , Okawara Makoto 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA new carbazole polymer, poly{1‐[3‐(9‐carbazolyl)propylaminocarbonyl]ethylene} {poly[N‐(3‐acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole]} (6) was prepared by radical polymerization ofN‐(3‐acryloylaminopropyl)carbazole (5). Copolymerization of5(M1) with styrene (M2) provided the monomer reactivity ratiosr1= 0,13±0,08 andr2= 3,47±0,12. TheQ‐evalues of5were calculated asQ1= 0,18 ande1= +0,10. Fluorescence spectra of6andN‐(3‐isobutyrylaminopropyl)carbazole (2), prepared as a monomer model compound, were nearly identical, indicating the absence of intramolecular excimer formation for6. The stability constants (K) of the charge transfer complexes of6and2with 2,4,7‐trinitrofluorenone (TNF) were determined in 1,2‐dichloroethane at 20°C under the conditions of both [6] or [2]≫[TNF] and [6] or [2]≪[TNF]. The values ofKwere 4,9 and 5,2dm3mol−1for2when [2]≫[TNF] and [2]≪[TNF], respectively, and 16dm3mol−1for6when [6]≫[TNF]. The polymer6precipitated, however, when [6]≪[TNF]. As a reference, charge transfer complex formation of poly[1‐(9‐carbazolyl)‐ethylene] [poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)] [1] with TNF was studied under the same conditions. The values ofKfor1were identical when [1]≫[TNF] and [TNF]. These results were explained by assuming a sandwich‐type charge transfer complex for6, but not for1. The space between the carbazolyl groups in1would be too small to accomodate a TNF molecule between the chromophores.