bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling of missing values of voltage data based on ResIOFNN
Authors: Cai Rong , Tian Jiang , Zhao Qi , Wang Yi , Lv Yang , Wu Haiwei , Ding Hong’en , Yang Guang , Chen Guangyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the increasing scale of power Systems, the amount of data that needs to be collected increases exponentially, and data collection equipment will inevitably experience different degrees of data loss. Traditional missing data filling algorithms, such as Expectation Maximization Algorithm (EM) and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), have low accuracy when dealing with missing data. Given the limitations of the current time series data-filling model, this paper combines the idea of deep learning technology. It proposes an improved voltage missing value-filling algorithm based on the Fourier neural network model. The model can combine the future and past information of the missing data to complete the filling work on the missing data set, which improves the precision of voltage data filling. The calculation example adopts the data of the real power grid for simulation analysis, and the calculation outcomes prove the data-filling method’s high level of fill accuracy.
Programmable Synchronous 2-Bit Counter in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Cui Huanqing , Yang Xiaokuo , Wei Bo , Zhang Mingliang , Dou Shuqing , Xia Yongshun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a newly-developed nanoscale electron device that has the potential to replace the conventional transistor in the future. Owing to the unique field-coupling mechanism of QCA, several constraints must be fulfilled during the design of QCA sequential circuits, which makes the construction of sequential circuits a relatively intractable issue in QCA research. In this paper, a programmable synchronous 2-bit counter in QCA is proposed, which is consisted of combinational logic and falling edge-triggered JK flip-flops. The count mode of the programmable counter can be changed on-demand by mode control signals. Moreover, an initial state setting method of the QCA circuit is also proposed during the design of the counter so that the effects of random initial states can be avoided. Simulation with QCADesigner software demonstrates the validity of the proposed counter.
Test Method of Secure and Controllable FPGA Chip Used in Flexible DC Transmission Control and Protection System
Authors: Zhong Qi Di , Li Ming , Lu Ya Jun , Zhou Yang , Li Zhe , Zou Tie Rui , Qi Hui Wen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Flexible DC transmission control and protection system is a high-performance distributed computing system, which has the characteristics of high-speed data acquisition and fast processing, and uses a large number of high-performance FPGA (Field Programmable Logic Array) chips. FPGA has the characteristics of high integration and complex manufacturing process, and its security and controllability is faced with many challenges. The reliability of FPGA is an important standard to measure its performance, so reliability test fault screening is very important to ensure its normal operation. Although the automatic test equipment (ATE) can test the fault of FPGA, it is not convenient for field testing due to the price, test environment and other factors. In this paper, a design scheme of built-in self-test (BIST) for fault detection and fault diagnosis is proposed, which can detect faults of look-up table (LUT) and interconnection resources (wires and programmable switches). At the same time, considering the effect of rising temperature on fault probability, a controlled self-heating element (SHE) is constructed by using the internal resources of FPGA to provide the required temperature for BIST testing. Finally, an integrated layout scheme of BIST and SHE is proposed. An experiment of self-heating of FPGA chip is completed by TSINGHUA PGL22G, which verifies the correctness and feasibility of the theory.
A New Control Strategy of Hybrid Reactive Power Compensation System in Distribution Network
Authors: Mei Xueao , Yang Wei , Sun Bin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reactive power compensation is an important measure to improve the power quality of distribution networks, especially with the increasing connection of distribution transformers, heavy industrial electrical equipment, and asynchronous motors, which generate a large amount of reactive power demand. Traditional reactive power compensation devices, such as fixed capacitors (FC) and thyristor switched capacitors (TSC), have some drawbacks, such as low response speed, harmonic generation, and switching shock. A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device that can provide fast and continuous reactive power compensation, but it also has some limitations, such as high cost, large capacity requirement, and low utilization rate. Therefore, hybrid reactive power compensation systems that combine FC or TSC with STATCOM have attracted much attention in recent years. Many researchers have proposed and studied different topologies and control methods of hybrid systems to overcome the disadvantages of single devices and achieve better performance. However, most of the existing hybrid systems are designed for low or medium-voltage distribution networks, and their performance under high-voltage distribution networks is still unclear. Moreover, the coordination control strategy of the hybrid system and its subsystems is also a key issue that affects the effectiveness and efficiency of reactive power compensation. In view of this, this paper aims to propose a TSC+STATCOM hybrid reactive power compensation system for high-voltage distribution networks, which optimizes the shortcomings of traditional reactive power compensation devices. The system uses the synergistic effect of TSC and STATCOM to achieve large-scale static reactive power and small-scale dynamic reactive power compensation and adopts a switching strategy based on an expert decision system. This paper introduces the working principle of each subsystem of the hybrid reactive power compensation system in detail and builds a simulation model of the hybrid reactive power compensation system under a high voltage distribution network on Matlab/Simulink platform. The simulation results verify the feasibility and excellent performance of the system control method in reactive power compensation and improving power quality.
Optimal Design of Electromagnetic Tomography Flaw Detection System for Train Wheel Based on FPGA
Authors: An Zhen , Liu Ze , Wen Kaiyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) is a new type of nondestructive testing technology that can be used for metal flaw detection. The implementation of the signal demodulation and filtering algorithm of the current electromagnetic tomography flaw detection system relies on the microprocessor MCU, and the reliability is low in real time. To improve the reliability and system integration of signal processing and transmission of the electromagnetic tomography flaw detection system, this paper uses the field programmable gate array chip to integrate the excitation signal generation module and the digital demodulation module based on the EMT train wheel flaw detection system. A digital filter is designed, and the filter parameters are adjusted to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB. UDP communication protocol is utilized to realize Ethernet communication between FPGA and upper computer. Using three algorithms on the host computer for image reconstruction, the train wheel defect information is visualized. The experimental results show that the FPGA chip improves the immunity of the train wheel flaw detection system, realizes the high integration of the system, and achieves the purpose of train wheel defect detection.
Active Neutral Point Clamped Three-level Synchronous Space Vector Width Modulation Research
Authors: Guo Fanxi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Active neutral point clamped (ANPC) topology is widely studied because it makes loss equalization possible. To reduce the switching frequency of high power traction systems, the multi-mode modulation strategy is used in many modulation methods. To reduce the fluctuation problem when switching between different carrier ratios in multi-mode synchronous space vector pulse width (SSVPWM) modulation algorithm, this paper studies the stator flux under different modes and proposes a multi-mode SSVPWM switching strategy based on the pulse insertion method. In this strategy, the stator flux deviation of two modes before and after the switching point is calculated online and the switch sequence is inserted at the switching time to compensate, and the smooth transition between different modes is realized with experimental verification of validity.
Interval Evidential Reasoning-based Fault Detection of Electromagnetic Relay
Authors: Wu Fan , Xiao Qiaoyuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The electromagnetic relay is a key switch control component, and its fault detection under uncertainties is a challenging problem. In this paper, a fault detection method based on interval evidential reasoning (IER) is proposed and applied to detect the relay’s fault. The method can handle fuzzy uncertainty and interval uncertainty in relay test data, and iteratively aggregate evidence by using the IER algorithm. Firstly, the relay super-path time data is transformed into the form of an interval belief distribution by using the fuzzy threshold, which is optimized by using training data. Secondly, historical and current information is aggregated to update interval belief distribution. Finally, the fault detection result can be obtained from interval belief distribution by a rule. The experimental results show that the presented method can improve the detection effect significantly.
The Structure Design of a Microstrip Tunable Attenuator Based on Few-Layer Graphene
Authors: Jiao Yuxin , Tang Jianeng , Chen Peiyang , Zhang Feng , Ni Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are innovative applications for graphene materials in microwave Radio Frequency (RF) due to their unique optoelectronic properties. In this paper, a series of existing tunable microstrip attenuators based on few-layer graphene are compared and studied, and a new microstrip tunable attenuator based on few-layer graphene is proposed on this basis. Firstly, the relationship between the performance of different pair spacing attenuators with 4 pairs of graphene structures is analyzed based on the existing pair spacing studies with 1-3 pairs of structures; after that, the performance characteristics of the existing 1-4 pairs of graphene structures on different substrates are tested and analyzed; finally, a new tunable attenuator structure is proposed based on the above research results. The new attenuator consists of four parts, including a dielectric substrate, a microstrip line, a total of five pairs of graphene flakes on both sides and corresponding metal vias. The resistivity of the graphene flake can be changed by changing the access bias voltage, thus regulating the insertion loss of the attenuator. The experimental results show that the proposed attenuator can operate in the frequency range from 3 GHz to 10 GHz, and the insertion loss can be adjusted from -2 dB to -63 dB, with a high tunable performance of 61 dB.
An Adjustable deadtime Control Circuit for LLC Resonance Control Circuit
Authors: You Fangbin , Lu Zhichao , Huang Shengming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study introduces the principle of deadtime generation and gives a deadtime control circuit. The deadtime can be adjusted by the current generated by the MOS transistor in the subthreshold region to control the charging and discharging speed of the capacitor dynamically, and the whole circuit is simulated in the cadence simulation environment. The simulation results show that the designed circuit can manually adjust the dead time in the range of 70 ns-1, 650 ns depending on external settings, and greatly reduce the complexity of the circuit.
A Sigma-Delta Modulator with Single-Pole Double-Throw Analog Switch
Authors: Tao Tao , Duan Quanzhen , Ge Tongjin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a high precision and high energy efficiency discrete-time switching capacitive 3-order Sigma-Delta modulator (SDM) is proposed. The SDM is applied to portable electroencephalograms (EEG) because of its little energy and good performance. The energy efficiency levels of the current mainstream modulator systems are analyzed and compared, and the CIFF modulator architecture which is most conducive to realizing high energy efficiency is selected. The single-loop CIFF structure is selected to give consideration to the accuracy and stability of the circuit. The circuit is implemented in a hierarchical structure, and a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) analog switch is adopted to overcome the difficulty of opening conventional CMOS analog switches at low supply voltages and the increase in threshold voltage Vth of NMOS devices due to the base bias effect. The proposed discrete-time Sigma delta ADC modulator is designed with SMIC 0.18um CMOS technology and achieves an SNDR of 101.6dB under a 1.8V power supply voltage and a signal bandwidth of 2kHz. The power consumption is 520uW and the significant bit (ENOB) is 16.58 bits.
An improved whale algorithm for power load forecasting based on adaptive weight adjustment
Authors: Chen Jinlong , Sun Li , Wu Bin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the progress of the times, people have higher and higher expectations for the electric power system in the new era. To meet the new requirements, improving load forecasting capabilities has become an important part of the process. In this article, an improved whale algorithm based on adaptive weight adjustment is presented to predict user load, using a Cubic-map strategy to achieve better population effect, combining the whale algorithm and the BP algorithm so as to improve the rate of convergence and prediction accuracy of the algorithm. Simulation software is used to conduct simulation experiments on multiple algorithms. From the experimental data, it can be concluded that compared with a single algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this paper has a stronger ability to find the optimal value within the effective boundary. Both the rate of convergence is faster, and it has higher accuracy.
Research on Embedded Multichannel Audio Conversion Module
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Wei , Jiang Cheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development and progress of information technology and the wide usage of audio signal processing in underwater acoustic signal processing, acoustic audio signal acquisition, conversion, and transmission technology always play an important role. To enhance the ability of signal acquisition and conversion with high reliability, this paper designs an embedded multi-channel audio conversion module. The module achieves multi-channel, multi-sample rates with synchronous analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion (ADC/DAC) function, and additionally equips with dual network redundancy. The module uses a chip integrated with ARM and programmable logic FPGA as the main control chip. The writing of the underlying driver and application code ensures the reliable operation of the DAC chip and ADC chip and the steady of the network transmission. Through experimental verification, the audio conversion module performs well in multi-channel and multi-sample rates with synchronous ADC/DAC, and the crosstalk between channels is less than -50 dB. The dual network redundancy design and the application of the RS232 serial port ensure the high fidelity, reliability, and reprogramming of the audio conversion function, which shows the design can be used in a wide range of scenarios.
A Legalization Algorithm for Heterogeneous FPGAs
Authors: Dou Zhengrong , Liang Xiaoyu , Xu Ning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heterogeneous cells are cells with special functions in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and gradually become an important resource of FPGA chips. The legalization algorithm is a key step in resolving the global placement results of heterogeneous cells to their actual locations. The algorithm in this paper is improved on the abacus algorithm. We use subspaces to evaluate the degree of congestion of cells and sort them, and use optional columns to filter to achieve a reasonable allocation of resources. The experimental results show that our work has less average moving and worst movement in the case of high density and complex distribution.
Macro- and micro-plastics change soil physical properties: a systematic review
Authors: Maqbool Ahsan , Soriano María-Auxiliadora , Gómez José Alfonso 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plastic pollution in terrestrial environments is a global issue due to its adverse effects on soil health, with negative impacts on ecosystem services and food production. However, the enormous heterogeneity of both plastic and soil characteristics complicate the assessment of the impact and overall trends in plastic-induced changes in soil properties beyond experimental conditions. In this work, we have carried out a systematic and in-depth review of the existing literature on the impact of plastics on soil physical properties. To this end, we have quantified the effects of macro- (MaP, >5000 μm) and micro-plastics (MiP, <5000 μm) on soil bulk density, soil porosity, water-stable aggregates (WSAs), saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil moisture at field capacity (FC), based on four characteristics of plastics: polymer types, shapes and sizes of plastic particles, and plastic concentrations in soil. Results showed that MaPs and MiPs significantly modified the values of the analyzed soil physical properties compared to the control without plastic in over 50% of the experimental dataset, albeit with a large variability, from a reduction to an increase in values, depending on the specific experimental conditions and the soil physical property. Depending on the plastic concentration, soil bulk density and porosity decreased moderately (4%–6%) with MiP and MaP. MiP reduced WSA by an average of 20%, ranging from a 40% decrease to a 20% increase depending on the shapes and concentration of MiP. Saturated hydraulic conductivity changed depending on the polymer types, shapes, and concentrations of MaP and MiP, varying from a 70% decrease to a 40% increase. Soil water content at FC varied depending on the soil texture, and concentration and sizes distribution of conventional MiP, decreasing from 10% to 65%. However, biodegradable plastic increased soil water content at FC. The few studies available provide evidence that not enough attention is being paid to soil physical properties influenced by plastic input. It is recommended to consider the wide range of characteristics of MaP and MiP and their effects on soil physical properties in future studies, for an advance understanding of the impact of MiP and MaP on soil health in the medium-long term under different environmental conditions.
Rice residue burning trajectories in Eastern India: current realities, scenarios of change, and implications for air quality
Authors: Urban Cordeiro Emily , Hamilton Douglas S , Rossiter D G , Mahowald Natalie , Hess Peter , Malik Ram , Singh Ajoy , Samaddar Arindam , McDonald A J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2019, the Government of India launched the National Clean Air Program to address the pervasive problem of poor air quality and the adverse effect on public health. Coordinated efforts to prevent agricultural burning of crop residues in Northwestern IGP (Indo-Gangetic Plain) have been implemented, but the practice is rapidly expanding into the populous Eastern IGP states, including Bihar, with uncertain consequences for regional air quality. This research has three objectives: (1) characterize historical rice residue burning trends since 2002 over space and time in Bihar State, (2) project future burning trajectories to 2050 under ‘business as usual’ and alternative scenarios of change, and (3) simulate air quality outcomes under each scenario to describe implications for public health. Six future burning scenarios were defined as maintenance of the ‘status quo’ fire extent, area expansion of burning at ‘business as usual’ rates, and a Northwest IGP analogue, of which both current rice yields and plausible yield intensification were considered for each case. The Community Earth System Model (CESM v2.1.0) was used to characterize the mid-century air quality impacts under each scenario. These analyses suggest that contemporary Bihar State burning levels contribute a small daily average proportion (8.1%) of the fine particle pollution load (i.e. PM2.5, particles ⩽2.5 μm) during the burning months, but up to as much as 62% on the worst of winter days in Bihar’s capital region. With a projected 142% ‘business as usual’ increase in burned area extent anticipated for 2050, Bihar’s capital region may experience the equivalent of 30 PM2.5 additional exceedance days, according to the WHO standard (24 h; exceedance level: 15 µg m−3), due to rice residue burning alone in the October to December period. If historical burning trends intensify and Bihar resembles the Northwest States of Punjab and Haryana by 2050, 46 d would exceed the WHO standard for PM2.5 in Bihar’s capital region.
Ethical Issues Surrounding Facial Feminization Surgery: Five Major Considerations
Authors: Barnett Sarah L , Miller Meghan N , Appel Jacob M , Choe Joshua , Othman Sammy , Bradley James P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a form of gender-affirming care for the transgender population that is currently a highly debated topic both inside and outside of the medical community. Currently, a paucity of information is available in plastic surgery literature on ethical issues surrounding FFS. In this paper, we discuss 5 major ethical considerations for plastic surgeons with regard to FFS: (1) how society's changing view of gender has impacted the importance of FFS; (2) whether FFS is medically necessary and should be covered by insurance; (3) to what extent resources should be invested in removing barriers to access FFS; (4) how patient selection criteria should address the irreversibility of the procedure and age of consent; and (5) how femininity and beauty standards contribute to each other and whether they can be disentangled. This paper aims to analyze the arguments made for and against each of these 5 nuanced issues and to expand these debates from the theoretical to the practical by suggesting approaches for reconciliation.
Paradoxical role of phosphorylated STAT3 in normal fertility and the pathogenesis of adenomyosis and endometriosis
Authors: Xu Yichi , Wu Fan , Qin Chuanmei , Lin Yi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), when phosphorylated at tyrosine 705, plays an important role in endometrial stromal cell decidualization and the receptivity of the endometrial epithelium during embryo implantation. However, the function of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) in normal uterine receptivity is distinct from that in adenomyosis and endometriosis. In normal pregnancy, STAT3 phosphorylation in the endometrial epithelium determines the success of embryo implantation by regulating uterine receptivity. Additionally, p-STAT3 promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation during endometrial decidualization, which is crucial for embryonic development. In contrast, excessive STAT3 phosphorylation occurs in adenomyosis and endometriosis, which may lead to disease progression. Therefore, achieving a delicate balance in STAT3 activation is crucial. This review aimed to focus on the current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding the control of p-STAT3 activity in normal and pathological endometrial processes. This topic is important because precise control of p-STAT3 production could alleviate the symptoms of adenomyosis and endometriosis, improve endometrial receptivity, and potentially mitigate infertility without compromising normal fertility processes.