bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIP AREA. A QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF FETAL HEART RATE PATTERNS
Authors: Shelley Trevor , Tipton Richard H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAnalysis of fetal heart rate records has shown that the frequency, duration and amplitude of transient episodes of fetal bradycardia, regardless of their relationship to uterine activity, are factors of great importance in assessing fetal condition. Dip area is a quantitative measure of these factors; it is easily communicated and avoids the present confusion of classification and nomenclature.
PLASMA CORTISOL (11‐HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID) DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY
Authors: Adadevoh B. Kwaku , Akinla Oladele 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma cortisol (11‐hydroxycorticosteroid) was studied during and after pregnancy in Nigerian women. A rise was found throughout pregnancy which was accompanied by increased binding but the absolute levels were lower than those reported by others. During labour there was a further rise in plasma cortisol which was no longer detectable on the first day after delivery. Six weeks post partum, cortisol levels rose again and this rise was attributed to the stress of lactation. In contrast to previous reports the ratio between maternal and cord blood cortisol levels was found to be narrow.
NORMOTENSIVE ECLAMPSIA—IS IT A MYTH?
Authors: Seligman S. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn the eclamptic state, the conditions necessary for the production of the Korotkoff sounds are changed, leading to inaccuracy in the sphygmomanometric method of blood pressure recording. This is advanced as the reason for eclampsia in the presence of an apparently normal blood pressure.
ABSENCE OF ANY OBSERVED EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION ON HUMAN CHROMOSOMES
Authors: Bobrow Martin , Blackwell Nora , Unrau Ann E. , Bleaney Betty 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAdult human lymphocytes from five individuals were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation at power levels ranging from 0.014 to 2.77 W/cm.2, and at different stages of the cell cycle. No excess of chromosomal damage was detected in such cells as compared with unirradiated control samples.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN PREGNANCY ON GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE TOLERANCE TO A SUCROSE MEAL
Authors: Coltart T. M. , Jourdan M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySucrose test meals (1g. per kg. body weight) were given to ten pregnant women at term and ten control non‐pregnant women. Glucose tolerance to the sucrose meals was significantly better in the non‐pregnant than in the pregnant women, but fructose tolerance was identical in the two groups. The findings are discussed in the light of the significantly higher levels of fasting plasma triglyceride observed in the pregnant women.
ONE THOUSAND CONSECUTIVE CASES OF DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY
Authors: Duignan N. M. , Jordan J. A. , Coughlan B. M. , Logan‐Edwards R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne thousand consecutive cases of diagnostic laparoscopy are reported. The commonest indications were infertility, amenorrhoea and pelvic pain. Abnormalities were detected in 37.5 per cent of patients with primary infertility, and in 51 per cent of patients with secondary infertility. Laparoscopy provided a more accurate assessment of tubal patency and function than did hysterosalpingography. An ovarian biopsy was taken from 39 patients and provided more definitive information towards the diagnosis and management of patients with amenorrhoea than did urinary steroid investigations. In patients with pelvic pain the clinical findings were confirmed in 61.5 per cent of patients; in 27.4 per cent unsuspected abnormalities were found, and in 11.1 per cent the clinical diagnosis was shown to have been wrong. A diagnosis of early unruptured tubal pregnancy was confirmed in 33 per cent of patients with indefinite clinical findings. The majority of patients with dysmenorrhoea had no abnormality. The only serious complication was a uretero‐vaginal fistula after attempted biopsy of a streak ovary and later hysterectomy.
AN EVALUATION OF HUMORAL ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: Vos G. H. , Hammond M. G. , Vos D. , Grobbelaar B. G. , Auslander H. P. , Marescotti G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTumour tissue from patients with inoperable cervical carcinoma was studied to determine the significance of humoral antibody involvement. Comparative elution studies using normal and cancerous tissues revealed that various classes of immunoglobulin and complement, either singly or in combination could only be recovered from the cancerous tissues. Some cancer tissue eluates possessed antibodies which sensitized normal lymphocytes by the cytotoxicity test suggesting the host's recognition of structural modification of the tumour cell. It is possible that the various classes of immunoglobulin found in cancer tissue eluates represent antibodies to cytoplasmic constituents, cell membranes or antigen‐antibody complexes. It was found that the serum from the cancer patients possessed a significantly higher incidence of “non specific” lymphocytotoxic antibodies than the controls. Our inability to associate these antibodies with specificities for normal histocompatibility antigens suggests that this type of antibody may symbolize humoral responses towards a combination of tumour‐related and normal transplantation antigens. It seems apparent that their activity is of an autoimmune nature capable of altering the in vivo functions of the cell‐mediated immune mechanism.
THE HAEMOGLOBIN CONTENT OF AUTOTRANSFUSED BLOOD IN ACUTE ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Carty M. J. , Barr R. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHaemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume estimations were made on the intraperitoneal blood from 12 patients with acute ectopic pregnancy. The derived values for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were normal or lower than normal, indicating that the haemoglobin was mostly intracellular and therefore potentially capable of normal oxygen transport.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF AMNIOTIC FLUID ENZYMES
Authors: Sutcliffe R. G. , Brock D. J. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn enquiry has been made into the origins of a group of amniotic fluid enzymes which have complex specific activity patterns during gestation. Between 13 and 18 weeks of gestation, the specific activities of hexosaminidase, α‐l, 4‐glucosidase, and the placental and heat‐labile alkaline phosphatases in amniotic fluid were in excess of those expected on the hypothesis of a serum origin. In contrast, a significant fraction of the acid phosphatase activity during this period could be attributed to its influx from maternal serum. In amniotic fluid at term, hexosaminidase, heat‐labile alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase appeared to originate from the surrounding tissues, although fetal urine was found to be an additional source of acid phosphatase. The placental alkaline phosphatase in amniotic fluid at term had a mean specific activity which was the closest to that expected on the hypothesis of a serum origin. It is probable that tissue protein is released into the amniotic fluid at term, and possibly also between 13 and 18 weeks of gestation. The methods used to draw these conclusions may be of general use for examining the origins of individual proteins in amniotic fluid.
URINARY PORPHYRINS AND THEIR PRECURSORS IN HUMAN PREGNANCY AND AFTER DELIVERY
Authors: Lyberatos C. , Chalevelakis G. , Platis A. , Gardikas C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFifty normal pregnant women were investigated for porphyrin and porphyrin precursors in urine during the last month of gestation and two months after parturition. During pregnancy, a statistically significant increase was found for all the parameters examined.
RED‐CELL POTASSIUM IN CHRONIC FETAL ASPHYXIA
Authors: Singh H. A. , Symonds E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study of the relationship between acid‐base balance and red‐cell potassium has been undertaken on maternal and fetal blood in 141 subjects. Metabolic acidosis resulting from chronic fetal asphyxia as determined by low blood pH, high Pco2, low standard bicarbonate and high lactic acid values is associated with a fall in red‐ cell potassium and a rise in plasma potassium in cord arterial blood. In cord venous blood, a significant positive relationship between red‐cell potassium and pH was demonstrated, but a relationship between plasma potassium and red‐cell potassium could not be demonstrated. These findings suggest that correction of plasma potassium occurs in the passage of fetal blood through the placenta and that a depletion of red‐cell potassium occurs under conditions of fetal acidosis until a new equilibrium is reached.
PLASMA HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN WOMEN RECEIVING STEROID CONTRACEPTIVES
Authors: Briggs Michael , Briggs Maxine 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone and corticosteroids have been measured by competitive protein binding methods in blood specimens taken from large groups of untreated women and others taking various combined‐ type oral contraceptive proparations. A third group receiving depot injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate was also studied. In other experiments, plasma steroid hormone concentrations were measured before and after treatment by oral or depot contraceptives. Oral contraceptives reduced plasma levels of progesterone and oestradiol to approximately those seen in the follicular phase of untreated women; in contrast, levels of testosterone and corticosteroids, both free and protein‐bound, were markedly increased. The depot preparation had a similar action on progesterone and oestradiol, but did not increase testosterone or cortisol concentrations.
MESONEPHROID TUMOURS OF THE OVARY
Authors: Hayes Dorothy 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA study of 25 mesonephroid tumours of the ovary is presented. These tumours form a histological entity with a well‐recognized pattern. They appear to be derived from the covering ovarian epithelium which has retained competence to undergo metaplasia along divergent lines and there is no support for an origin from residual mesonephric structures. The varying histological patterns found do not allow prognostication for an individual tumour. The most important index in prognosis is the extent of the tumour at operation.
TERMINATION OF SECOND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY WITH 15 METHYL ANALOGUES OF PROSTAGLANDINS E2, AND F2x
Authors: Karim S. M. M. , Sharma S. D. 
Published: August 2005

summaryThe uterine muscle stimulating activities of the 15‐methyl analogues of naturally occurring prostaglandins E2, and F2α, in the second trimester of pregnancy have been investigated. Prostaglandins 15(S) 15 methyl E2, methyl ester and 15(S) 15 methyl F2α, (free acid) when administered by the intravaginal, intra‐amniotic and intramuscular routes are effective abortifacients. The human uterine muscle stimulating potencies and duration of actions of these compounds when compared with the parent prostaglandins E2, and F2α, are greatly increased.
OUT‐PATIENT CERVICAL CRYOSURGERY
Authors: Young Cyril , Malvern John , Chamberlain Geoffrey 
Published: August 2005

SummaryCryosurgery is an easy, safe and highly acceptable means of treating chronic cervicitis and erosions.One hundred and thirty‐two patients were reassessed after cryosurgery had been performed in the out‐patients department without anaesthesia or analgesia: treatment was successful in 125 instances (95 per cent).
COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF CRYOSURGERY AND DIATHERMY CAUTERIZATION IN THE TREATMENT OF CERVICAL EROSION
Authors: Jackson Warwick D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe results of treatment by Cryosurgery of 52 patients with cervical erosions and chronic cervicitis were compared with those obtained in 50 patients treated by diathermy cauterization. The extent of the diseased area in all the patients was such that electrocautery in the Out‐patient Department would have been inadequate. The refrigerant used for cryosurgical treatment was nitrous oxide delivered through a special cervical probe. A single treatment with cryosurgery resulted in an 83 per cent rate of complete healing compared to a 62 per cent rate of complete healing after diathermy cauterization. This difference was statistically significant. (P = 0·02).
SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE FETUS
Authors: Cole P. V. , Hawkins L. H. , Roberts D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe smoking habits of a group of pregnant women have been recorded and related to the level of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in the circulating blood. Simultaneous maternal and fetal COHb levels at delivery were estimated and on average the fetal levels were 1.8 times greater than the related maternal level. Samples of fetal blood were exposed to carbon monoxide in vitro and an appreciable shift to the left of the haemoglobin dissociation curve was demonstrated. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy diminishes the oxygen carrying capacity of both fetal and maternal blood, affects maternal oxygenation by increased pulmonary venous admixture and diminishes the oxygen available to the fetus at the tissue level by its effect on fetal oxyhaemoglobin dissociation.
THE VALUE OF PLASMA TESTOSTERONE ESTIMATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VIRILIZING OVARIAN NEOPLASIA
Authors: Hancock K. W. , Levell M. J. , Coulson A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of hilar cell tumour of the ovary is described in which the ovaries were entirely normal in appearance and the only biochemical abnormality was elevation of the plasma testosterone level. The decision to proceed to operative treatment was made solely on the results of the biochemical investigations.
PREGNANCY IN HOMOZYGOUS SICKLE‐CELL ANAEMIA
Authors: Hendrickse J. P. De V. , Harrison K. A. , Watson‐Williams E. J. , Luzzatto L. , Ajabor L. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn 12 years (1958–69) 38 patients with homozygous sickle‐cell anaemia (SS) were studied during the course of 61 pregnancies. Maternal prognosis was poor, with 7 deaths. The causes of mortality and morbidity were severe anaemia, acute sequestration, bacterial infections, bone pain crises, and bone marrow embolism. The proportion of these patients requiring operative deliveries was high chiefly because of fetopelvic disproportion from generally contracted pelvis. For obstetric operations various types of anaesthesia were used with excellent results, provided gross anaemia was corrected and hypoxia was avoided. When bone pain crises occurred during late pregnancy, labour and in the early puerperium, heparinization and blood transfusions were freely used.Fertility was reduced in these women, and both the spontaneous abortion rate and fetal wastage were at least twice as high as they were in the general population. The average birthweight of the babies was comparatively low, for no obvious reasons.
VECTORCARDIOGRAPHY AND ACID‐BASE BALANCE IN THE HUMAN FETUS
Authors: Symonds E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn analysis of the configuration of the fetal electrocardiogram assessed by recording the ratio of the positive and negative deflections of the QRS complex has been performed in relation to the QRS complex of the neonatal electrocardiogram. Changes in R/S ratios in the fetal electrocardiogram late in labour were significantly related to changes in Lead II of the neonatal electrocardiogram.On the basis of the method described by Larks (1965) the mean cardiac axis of the fetus early in labour was +144.5° and late in labour +143.2°. The mean neonatal cardiac axis recorded within five hours after delivery was +134°.The fetal cardiac axis showed a significant shift to the left in relation to fetal acidosis and hyperkalaemia. Similar changes were seen in the neonatal electrocardiogram in relation to biochemical changes.
THE EFFECT OF PARITY ON PLASMA SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE AND OSMOLALITY LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Macdonald H. N. , Good W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe changes in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride and osmolality levels have been examined in primigravidae and multigravidae. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations decrease significantly from 10 to 28 weeks in multigravidae but not in primigravidae. Both groups show a significant increase in plasma potassium concentration between 28 and 37 weeks, when there is no change in sodium concentration. Plasma sodium and potassium levels rise significantly following delivery in primigravidae but, with multigravidae, only the rise in the latter is statistically significant. There is no change in the plasma levels of chloride and osmolality during normal pregnancy, irrespective of parity; osmolality increases significantly after delivery in each group. The results appear consistent with the hypothesis that the expansion of plasma volume is an important factor in the observed changes.
INTER‐RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEVELS OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL, URINARY TOTAL OESTROGENS AND BLOOD HAEMOGLOBIN AND NEUTROPHIL COUNTS
Authors: Cruickshank J. M. , Morris R. , Butt W. R. , Corker C. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe inter‐relationships between levels of urinary total oestrogens, plasma oestradiol and blood haemoglobin and neutrophil levels were investigated in five women undergoing treatment with pituitary gonadotrophin hormone for infertility. Predicted values for urinary oestrogens were also calculated from the haemoglobin and neutrophil results.There was a positive correlation of plasma oestradiol with both actual and predicted concentrations of urinary oestrogens but there was substantial variation between patients. The levels of plasma and urinary oestrogens showed a significant positive correlation with the blood neutrophil counts, a negative but not significant correlation with the haemoglobin concentration, and a highly significant correlation with the ratio of the two observations. Again marked variation between subjects occurred.The use of these parameters for monitoring the treatment of infertile patients with human gonadotrophins is discussed.
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA DURING LABOUR IN PATIENTS WITH PRE‐ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Moir Donald D. , Victor‐Rodrigues L. , Willocks James 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEpidural analgesia was given during labour to 150 women with pre‐eclampsia. All had proteinuria and a blood pressure of at least 160/100 mm. Hg before treatment. Blood pressures were reduced by over 20 per cent on average, although 5 per cent of patients did not have a fall in blood pressure. Four patients had an eclamptic fit, but only after the epidural block had worn off and in the absence of an anticonvulsant drug. There were no maternal deaths and no maternal morbidity attributable to the treatment. There were three stillbirths and three neonatal deaths due mainly to prematurity and placental insufficiency (perinatal mortality 3·9 percent). The Caesarean section rate was 6·6 per cent. Epidural analgesia provides pain relief and usually a valuable reduction in blood pressure for the pre‐eclamptic patient in labour. Combined with an anticonvulsant (usually chlormethiazole in this series) it provides balanced therapy and avoids the use of narcotics in excessive doses.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN THE FEMALE
Authors: Moolgaoker A. S. , Ardran G. M. , Smith J. C. , Stallworthy J. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNinety‐five patients complaining of urinary incontinence, 58 of whom had been subjected to previous unsuccessful surgery, were investigated by means of flow studies and voiding cine‐urethrocystography with simultaneous pressure recordings. Patients suffering from neurological lesions or fistulae were excluded from this study. It was found that urinary stress incontinence could result from weakness of the internal urethral sphincter, detrusor instability, urethral narrowing, or any combination of these three. Clinical symptoms and signs alone did not provide an accurate diagnosis. A rational plan of treatment, based on full investigation is outlined and attention is especially drawn to the treatment by internal urethrotomy ofincontinence due to urethral narrowing which may occur as a sequel to gynaecological surgery.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PROSTAGLANDINS AND SYNTOCINON ON THE ISOLATED PREGNANT HUMAN MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Brummer Hilary C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInteraction between prostaglandins and Syntocinon is shown to be of two kinds. There may be potentiation, where an increased response to Syntocinon follows combination with a low dose of prostaglandin, and enhancement, which is of much longer duration. Potentiation can be produced by both E and F prostaglandins, whereas enhancement is confined to E prostaglandins. Varying the doses of prostaglandin E is shown to have little effect on the degree of enhancement produced. The physiological implications and clinical applications of these interactions are discussed.
SYSTEMIC FIBRINOLYSIS DURING AND FOLLOWING ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION AND GYNAECOLOGICAL OPERATIONS
Authors: Woodfield D. G. , Cole Susan K. , Allan A. G. E. , Cash John D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe changes in systemic plasminogen activator and serum fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products (FDP) during and following elective Caesarean section have been studied in ten healthy pregnant women, and compared with the changes observed in ten age‐matched non‐pregnant women undergoing hysterectomy or salpingectomy. The Caesarean section patients showed a highly significant reduction in plasminogen activator response during operation. No significant difference was observed in the serum FDP responses. These results confirm the view that depression in the ability to mobilize plasminogen activator occurs in the later months of normal pregnancy. The clinical relationship of this to the development of uncompensated disseminated intravascular coagulation is discussed.
OVARIAN CARCINOMA: IMPROVEMENT IN SURVIVAL TIME AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Nye E. B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA series of 667 cases of ovarian cancer have been studied; 176 patients had triethylene thiophosphoramide chemotherapy and were matched with controls which had not received chemotherapy.In the group with widespread cancer a significantly greater number of treated patients than controls were alive at all times of analysis up to three years after operation. Possible sources of bias have been critically analyzed. Despite close matching, and the apparently favourable result, it was not possible to prove that chemotherapy prolongs survival and a large‐scale prospective controlled trail of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is still necessary and would be justifiable.
CERVICOGRAPHS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LABOUR IN PRIMIGRAVIDAE
Authors: Philpott R. H. , Castle W. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe application of an Action Line drawn four hours to the right of the Alert Line on the cervicograph of Rhodesian African primigravidae, with an active form of management for those whose cervicograph crossed the Action Line, has efficiently differentiated patients requiring Caesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion or incorrectable inefficient uterine action from those who can be safely delivered vaginally. The regime outlined in this paper has reduced the Caesarean section rate, the incidence of prolonged labour and the perinatal mortality rate.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN IN LATE PREGNANCY: DISAPPEARANCE FROM THE CIRCULATION AFTER DELIVERY, VARIATION DURING LABOUR, AND CIRCADIAN VARIATION
Authors: Pavlou C. , Chard T. , Letchworth A. T. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma HCS levels have been determined in a number of physiological situations. The half‐life was found to vary between 10·8 and 20·2 minutes. Variation of HCS levels during labour was no greater than that during 24‐hour periods in late pregnancy. There was an increase in levels at the time of delivery. In late pregnancy, 5 out of 10 subjects showed variation during a 24‐hour period, but this variation did not follow any recognizable pattern.