bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Warfarin and the Herbal Product Quilinggao
Authors: Wong Anna LN , Chan Thomas YK 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with loss of anticoagulation control and bleeding after consumption of the combination herbal product quilinggao. CASE SUMMARY: A 61-year-old man who was stable on warfarin therapy regularly consumed a jelly-like herbal product called quilinggao (“essence of tortoise shell”). Five days after the daily consumption of a second brand of quilinggao, he developed easy gum bleeding, epistaxis, and skin bruising with an international normalized ratio (INR) >6.0. Warfarin therapy was temporarily withdrawn until the INR decreased to 1.9. On the day of hospital discharge, he took a third brand of quilinggao against medical advice. Three days later, his INR was 5.2. Warfarin therapy was again temporarily withheld and the patient counseled about an apparent herb–warfarin interaction. He could not remember the name of the third brand of quilinggao. DISCUSSION: Quilinggao is a very popular Chinese herbal product. There are many different brands, and the composition of herbal products varies between manufacturers. Chuanbeimu ( Fritillaria cirrhosa) in the first brand and beimu ( Fritillaria spp.), chishao ( Paeoniae rubra, Chinese peony), jinyinhua ( Lonicera japonica), and jishi ( Poncirus trifoliata) in the second brand of quilinggao have antiplatelet and/or antithrombotic effects. Loss of anticoagulation control occurred after consumption of the second and third brands of quilinggao, possibly due to the presence of a greater number of interacting herbs. An objective causality assessment revealed that the observed reaction was highly probable to be related to the ingestion of the second and third brands of quilinggao. CONCLUSIONS: Quilinggao contains herbal ingredients that can interact with warfarin. Patients on warfarin therapy should be discouraged from taking herbal medicines, especially preparations that are already known to have antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects.
Self‐discrepancies, attentional bias and persecutory delusions
Authors: Kinderman Peter , Prince Sharon , Waller Glenn , Peters Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2003

Background: Persecutory delusions appear to involve abnormal attentional biases to threat‐related information, particularly information related to the self. The present study aimed to investigate attentional biases to different types of perceived threat and changes in self‐perception in response to exposure to such threat‐related material.Method: Discrepancies between actual self, ideal self and perceived others' self‐representations were assessed in three groups of participants; 13 people experiencing persecutory delusions, 11 people in a psychiatric comparison group, and 13 in a non‐psychiatric comparison group. An adaptation of the emotional Stroop task was then used as an experimental manipulation of attentional bias to five different types of threat (sociotropic, autonomic, physical, ego threats from others, and self‐directed ego threats). Self‐discrepancies were then again assessed.Results: Before administration of the emotional Stroop task, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of their self‐actual: self‐ideal and self‐actual: other‐actual discrepancies. However, after the administration of the Stroop task, significant differences between the clinical groups were observed, mirroring significant reductions in self‐actual: self‐ideal discrepancies and significant increases in self‐actual: other‐actual discrepancies in the paranoid participants.Conclusions: This paper is novel in repeating the assessment of self‐discrepancies after the processing of threat‐related information. These findings are consistent with Bentall, Kinderman, and Kaney's (1994) model of paranoid ideation and findings reported by Kinderman and Bentall (2000).
Fear reduction during in vivo exposure to blood‐injection stimuli: Distraction vs. attentional focus
Authors: Oliver Naomi S. , Page Andrew C. 
Published: April 2003

Objective: This study extends Penfold and Page's (1999) finding that exposure plus distraction enhanced within‐session fear reduction to a phobic stimulus by examining whether the within‐session advantage could be replicated and translated into longer‐term gains.Design: To test the effects of distraction, participants were assigned randomly to one of three experimental conditions; exposure plus focusing, exposure plus distraction, or exposure alone.Method: Blood‐injection fearful participants (N = 48) were assigned randomly to receive 3 weekly sessions of 10‐min exposure under one of the experimental conditions.Results: Consistent with the previous finding, exposure plus distraction showed the greatest within‐session fear reduction. Participants in the exposure plus distraction condition also reported the greatest reduction in fear between sessions, at post‐treatment, and at 1‐month follow‐up. Furthermore, participants in the exposure plus distraction condition reported continued increases in perceived control over their anxiety during the month following the exposure sessions.Conclusions: The data suggest that conversation is a distraction that can increase perceived control over anxiety and assists anxiety reduction.
The cognitive specificity of associative responses in patients with chronic pain
Authors: McKellar John D. , Clark Michael E. , Shriner Jan 
Published: April 2003

Objective: Previous studies have found evidence of an associative response bias for patients with chronic pain. This body of research is not clear, however, on whether this bias is specific to patients with chronic pain, or whether the bias is specific to pain stimuli or illness/disability stimuli.Design: This is a cross‐sectional study involving the comparison of selected groups (chronic pain, acute pain, and medical‐staff controls).Method: This study included 80 male participants with chronic pain, 50 male participants with acute pain, and 49 male participants who served as medical staff controls. All participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, a pain intensity VAS, and the single‐word associate homographic response task.Results: Evidence was found for the specificity of pain responses to homographic pain stimuli as the chronic pain group produced more of these responses than the two comparison groups.Conclusions: These findings were seen as providing evidence for an associative response bias. This bias appears specific to pain‐related stimuli and reflects the cumulative effects of pain over a period of time.
Coping effectiveness training reduces depression and anxiety following traumatic spinal cord injuries
Authors: Kennedy P. , Duff J. , Evans M. , Beedie A. 
Published: April 2003

Objective: To extend the findings of a pilot study that evaluated a brief group‐based psychological intervention aimed at improving psychological adjustment, self‐perception and enhancing adaptive coping following spinal cord injury. The theoretical underpinnings of the Coping Effectiveness Training (CET) Programme are Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) cognitive theory of stress and coping, and cognitive behavioural therapy techniques.Design: A controlled trial comparing patients that received the CET intervention with matched controls on measures of psychological adjustment and coping.Method: A total of 45 intervention group participants and 40 matched controls were selected from inpatients at a hospital‐based spinal cord injury centre. Outcome measures of anxiety and depression, self‐perception and coping were collected before, immediately after and 6 weeks following the intervention.Results: Intervention group participants showed a significant reduction in depression and anxiety, compared to the matched controls following the intervention. There was no evidence of a significant change in the pattern of coping strategies used by the intervention group compared to controls. The intervention group alone completed measures of self‐perception. There was a significant decrease in the discrepancy between participants' ‘ideal’ self and ‘as I am’, and between ‘as I would be without the injury’ and ‘as I am’ following the intervention and at follow‐up. Significant correlations were also found between self‐perception, and anxiety and depression over time.Conclusions: These results confirm the findings of the pilot study, that the CET intervention facilitated a significant improvement in psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury. It is proposed that this improvement may be understood in terms of changing participants' negative appraisals of the implications of spinal cord injury with the result of increasing the perceived manageability of its consequences. Such decatastrophizing alters appraisals which are associated with current mood. Participants found shared discussion and problem‐solving to be particularly helpful. Avenues for further research are discussed.
Assessing expressed emotion in mothers of preschool AD/HD children: Psychometric properties of a modified speech sample
Authors: Daley D. , Sonuga‐Barke E. J. S. , Thompson M. 
Published: April 2003

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of a modified coding measure of expressed emotion (Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample [PFMSS]), suitable for parents of preschool AD/HD children.Design: Mothers of preschool AD/HD children identified through a three‐stage screening programme were compared with mothers of non‐AD/HD children on the PFMSS.Method: Mothers of 80 AD/HD and 20 non‐AD/HD children participated in the PFMSS. They had 10 mins of play interaction with their child and completed the Feelings on Parenting scales from the Family Impact Questionnaire.Results: With the exception of emotional over‐involvement, the PFMSS demonstrated acceptable code‐recode and inter‐rater reliability, and adequate test‐retest reliability. It also demonstrated acceptable validity, being associated with less affection and greater maternal direction during play interaction and discriminated between the parents of preschool AD/HD and non‐AD/HD children.Conclusion: This study shows that in a revised form, the Five Minute Speech Sample can provide a useful measure of expressed emotion during the preschool period.
Preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the Mood, Interest & Pleasure Questionnaire (MIPQ) for adults with severe and profound learning disabilities
Authors: Ross Elaine , Oliver Chris 
Published: April 2003

Objective: There are few reliable and valid methods for assessing emotional constructs in adults with severe and profound learning disabilities who are unable to self report. The aims of this study were to develop an informant questionnaire on affect for use in relation to adults with severe and profound learning disabilities and to examine its psychometric properties.Method: The Mood, Interest & Pleasure Questionnaire (MIPQ) is a 25‐item Likert scale questionnaire with two subscales (mood and interest & pleasure). The MIPQ and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were completed on 53 participants with severe or profound learning disabilities, who were partly or non‐verbal. Of these, 23 participants (43%) were included in an examination of test‐retest and inter‐rater reliability of the MIPQ.Results: Reliability of the MIPQ was good for subscales and total score: test‐retest and inter‐rater reliability coefficients for the total score were .87 and .76, respectively. Internal consistency was excellent (.94). A significant correlation between the MIPQ total score and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist's ‘lethargy, social withdrawal’ subscale provided preliminary evidence of construct validity (r (48) = ‐.59, p < .001).Conclusions: A preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the MIPQ is encouraging and further validation of the measure is warranted. The measure might be used to examine depression in people with severe and profound learning disabilities as well as in investigations of issues such as quality of life.
The relationship between illness attributions and attributional style in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Creswell Cathy , Chalder Trudie 
Published: April 2003

Objective: To examine the relationship between illness attributions and general attributional style in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS).Method: Participants with CFS answered questions on their explanation for their illness and completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire (parallel form).Results: Of the participants, 58.3% attributed their illness to predominantly physical factors. A significant relationship was found between the presence of a self‐serving attributional style and illness attributions.Conclusion: Illness attributions were associated with an individual's general attributional style. It is suggested that illness attributions may be less important with regards prognosis than, for example, other variables which influence a person's general view of the world.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns After Imposition of Setting-Specific Limits on Prescription Duration
Authors: Allen Lindsay D. , Pollini Robin A. , Vaglienti Richard , Powell David 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceDespite their widespread adoption across the US, policies imposing one-size-fits-all limits on the duration of prescriptions for opioids have shown modest and mixed implications for prescribing.ObjectiveTo assess whether a prescription duration limit policy tailored to different clinical settings was associated with shorter opioid prescription lengths.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined changes in opioid prescribing patterns for opioid-naive Medicaid enrollees aged 12 to 64 years before and after implementation of a statewide prescription duration limit policy in West Virginia in June 2018. Patients with cancer or Medicare coverage were excluded. The policy assigned a 7-day duration limit to opioid prescriptions for adults treated in outpatient hospital- or office-based practices, a 4-day limit for adults treated in emergency departments, and a 3-day limit for pediatric patients younger than 18 years regardless of clinical setting. Data were examined from January 1, 2017, through September 30, 2019, and data were analyzed from June 12 to October 30, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWhether a patient’s initial opioid prescription was longer in days than the June 2018 policy limit for a given care setting before and after policy implementation. Interrupted time series models were used to calculate the association between the policy’s implementation and outcomes.ResultsThe analytic sample included 44 703 Medicaid enrollees (27 957 patients [62.5%] before policy implementation and 16 746 patients [37.5%] after policy implementation; mean [SD] age, 33.9 [13.4] years; 27 461 females [61.4%]). Among adults treated in outpatient hospital- or office-based settings, the duration limit policy was associated with a decrease of 8.83 (95% CI, −10.43 to −7.23) percentage points (P &amp;lt; .001), or a 56.8% relative reduction, in the proportion of prescriptions exceeding the 7-day limit. In the emergency department setting, the policy was associated with a decrease of 7.03 (95% CI, −10.38 to −3.68) percentage points (P &amp;lt; .001), a 37.5% relative reduction, in the proportion of prescriptions exceeding the 4-day limit. The proportion of pediatric opioid prescriptions longer than the 3-day limit decreased by 12.80 (95% CI, −17.31 to −8.37) percentage points (P &amp;lt; .001), a 26.5% relative reduction, after the policy’s implementation.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cross-sectional study suggest that opioid prescription duration limits tailored to different clinical settings are associated with reduced length of prescriptions for opioid-naive patients. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether these limits are associated with reductions in the incidence of opioid use disorder or with unintended consequences, such as shifts to illicit opioids.
Rational Design of Near‐infrared II Plasmonic Optofunctional Materials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lu Yaxuan , Li Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlasmonic materials have aroused considerable interest in diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications because of their remarkable optical properties and the integration of multiple functionalities. Particularly, near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) plasmonic materials present great advantages for anticancer treatments, including deep tissue penetration, low tissue light scattering and autofluorescence, and high spatial resolution. Thus, NIR‐II plasmonic phototheranostics represents a promising approach for effective anticancer treatments through multi‐modal imaging‐guided therapy. Accordingly, tremendous efforts have recently been devoted to the development of NIR‐II plasmonic materials for highly efficient phototheranostics. In this review, the recent progress of NIR‐II plasmonic materials and their phototheranostic applications are overviewed. First, the localized surface plasmon resonance effect and the related optical properties such as the photothermal effect, photoacoustic effect, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect are introduced. Then, the unique features and the structure‐property relationship of various types of NIR‐II plasmonic materials are discussed. Finally, the recent progress of NIR‐II plasmonic material‐based multimodal phototheranostics with an emphasis on the integration of multiple functionalities are reviewed, and subsequently the current challenges and future research perspectives are discussed. This review will provide valuable guidelines for the rational design of NIR‐II plasmonic materials for highly efficient cancer phototheranostics in the future.
A Self‐Regulated Interface Enabled by Multi‐Functional pH Buffer for Reversible Zn Electrochemistry
Authors: Li Hang , Yang Lu , Zhou Shuang , Li Jianwen , Chen Yining , Meng Xinyu , Xu Dongming , Han Chao , Duan Haimin , Pan Anqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries with mild acidic electrolytes are considered the promising energy storage solutions due to their outstanding merits of high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. However, the rampant dendrite growth and severe parasitic reactions caused by a series of factors such as irregular Zn2+ transport pathway and pH variation would result in poor cycling stability. Herein, a self‐regulated interface strategy implemented by ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, denoted as APS) multifunctional additive is proposed to simultaneously address the above issues. The zincophilic NH4+ preferentially adsorbs on the Zn protuberance to exclude water molecules and shield the “tip effect,” thus inhibiting side‐reactions and inducing uniform Zn deposition. Moreover, NH4+ and S2O82− can dynamically adjust H+ and OH− concentrations in a pH self‐buffer manner, thus effectively mitigating hydrogen evolution reaction and formation of by‐products. Consequently, with the existence of APS additive, Zn anode exhibits ultrahigh coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.9% over 9000 cycles and ultra‐long lifespan of 4300 h at 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, even under high NH4V4O10 mass loading (9.4 mg cm−2) and thin zinc foil (10 µm), the assembled NH4V4O10//Zn pouch cell with APS additive can still maintain stably over 210 cycles, demonstrating its excellent value for application.
Ultrafast Synthesis of Large‐Sized and Conductive Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Simultaneously Approaches High Tap Density, Rate and Cycling Capability
Authors: Song Zijing , Liu Yuhang , Guo Zhaoxin , Liu Zhedong , Li Zekun , Zhou Jieshu , Liu Weidi , Liu Rui , Zhang Jingchao , Luo Jiawei , Jiang Haoran , Ding Jia , Hu Wenbin , Chen Yanan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) cathode material is usually nano‐sized particles exhibiting low tap density, high specific surface area, correspondingly low volume energy density, and cycle stability of the sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a high‐temperature shock (HTS) strategy is proposed to synthesize NVPF (HTS‐NVPF) with uniform conducting network and high tap density. During a typical HTS process (heating rate of 1100 °C s−1 for 10 s), the precursors rapidly crystallize and form large‐sized and dense particles. The tight connection between particles not only enhances their contact with carbon layers, but also reduces the specific surface area that inhibits side reactions between the interfaces and the electrolyte. Besides, ultrafast synthesis of NVPF reduces the F loss and amount of Na3V2(PO4)3 impurities, which improve cycling capability. The HTS‐NVPF demonstrates a high energy density of 413.4 Wh kg−1 and an ultra‐high specific capacity of 103.4 mAh g−1 at 10 C as well as 84.2% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. In addition, the excellent temperature adaptability of HTS‐NVPF (−45–55 °C) and remarkable electrochemical properties of NVPF||HC full cell demonstrate extreme competitiveness in commercial SIBs. Therefore, the HTS technique is considered to be a high‐efficiency strategy to synthetize NVPF and is expected to prepare other cathode materials.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Coordination Chemistry in Polymer‐Ceramic Modified Separators
Authors: Tang Wangming , Zhao Teng , Wang Ke , Yu Tianyang , Lv Ruixin , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIssues with lithium dendrite growth and dead lithium formation limit the practical application of lithium metal batteries, especially under high current conditions where uneven temperature distribution leads to serious safety concerns. Herein, In situ assembly of polydopamine (PDA) and aluminum nitride (AlN) coatings on polypropylene (PP) separator is introduced to address these challenges. The AlN particles are encapsulated by PDA, and the functional groups in PDA form Al‐O coordination bonds with Al3+, which promote uniform Li+ flux and reduce the migration barrier of Li+, thereby enabling dendrite‐free lithium deposition. In addition, the designed PDA@AlN@PP separator exhibits excellent electrolyte wettability, enhanced mechanical performance, and stable thermal resistance, providing a uniform thermal distribution and serving as a robust barrier against dendrite penetration. As a result, symmetric Li||Li cells (over 1800 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2) and Li||Cu cells (over 600 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2, coulombic efficiency over 98%) demonstrate outstanding long cycle performance and high coulombic efficiency. Moreover, the corresponding Li||LiFePO4 cells exhibit a high specific capacity of 91.3 mAh g−1 at 5 C. This work provides a new approach for designing functionalized separators for high‐performance lithium metal batteries.
Anti‐Polyelectrolyte Effect of Zwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolytes Enabling High‐Voltage Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zeng Juan , Chen Hao , Dong Liubing , Guo Xin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo date, the exploration of zwitterionic application is confined to the function of electrolyte's additives to improve the properties of the electrolytes. However, reports on the unique properties of zwitterions, namely the anti‐polyelectrolyte effect (APE), as the regulators of the electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) of the zwitterionic electrolytes are scarce. Herein, a zwitterionic electrolyte system is designed and study the relationship between the APE and the ESWs of the zwitterionic electrolytes. The hydrogen/oxygen evolution in the zwitterionic electrolytes is significantly inhibited under the action of the APE. On this basis, the ESWs of zwitterionic electrolytes can be expanded, ultimately achieving an effective improvement in the energy density of zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). The sulfonic‐based zwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes prepared based on this strategy achieve a wide ESW of 2.58 V and high ionic conductivity of 29.3 mS cm−1. Meanwhile, the corresponding ZHCs possess a high working voltage of 2.1 V (1.6 V for the traditional ZHCs), a high capacity of 188.9 mAh g−1 and a high energy density of 110 Wh kg−1. The way utilizing the APE of zwitterions to expand the ESWs opens up a new avenue to improve the energy density of energy storage devices.