bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity among maize (Zea mays) inbred lines for methionine and yield associated traits
Authors: DEVI VEENA , SETHI MEHAK , KAUR CHARANJEET , RAIGAR OM PRAKASH , KUMAR RAMESH , CHAUDHARY DHARAM PAUL 
Published: February 2024

A study was carried out during winter (rabi) and rainy (kharif) seasons of 2020–21 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab in which 22 maize inbred lines with varying content of methionine were evaluated to study various seeds and field parameters, and methionine content and further statistically analysed through genetic variability, principal components and hierarchical cluster analysis. Significant differences were noted among inbred lines for various traits. Broad- sense heritability analysis showed that traits exhibited more than 80% heritability, except plant height, cob height and no. of cobs. Principal component analysis showed five principal components having eigen value more than 1.00 and accounted for 82.01% of total variation. Cluster analysis distributed the inbred lines in 4 major clusters suggesting their use in breeding programmes. Correlation analysis was also studied to understand the correlation of field and yield parameters with methionine content. Plant height and cob height (0.83), no. of rows per cob and no. of seeds per row (0.76), anthesis and silking interval (0.89), specific gravity and silking interval (0.45) showed significant positive correlation. Traits including methionine, moisture, 100-kernel weight, no. of cobs, no. of rows/cob, no. of seeds/row and germination rate having higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advance mean can be used for further crop improvement programme.
Resilience and its Relationship with Nursing Care in a Vulnerable Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Perez-Siguas Rosa , Matta-Solis Hernan , Matta-Solis Eduardo , Tacas-Yarcuri Victoria , Matta-Perez Hernan , Cruzata-Martinez Alejandro , Ventura-Hernandez Eva , Meneses-Claudio Brian 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: resilience in the population allows to develop coping skills in situations that put their health well-being at risk, and during the pandemic it has been shown that the population can adapt and face this situation without altering their health well-being, therefore, their research objective is to determine resilience and its relationship with nursing care in a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: it is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a population of 1343 participants who developed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Results: in their results, 13 (1 %) of the inhabitants have a low resilience, 413 (30,8 %) a medium resilience and 917 (68,2 %) a high resilience. Conclusions: in conclusion, strategies regarding the mental health of the inhabitants have been promoted to improve their coping skills
La evaluación educativa en la era de la inteligencia artificial; cambios de paradigmas
Authors: Flores Contrera Cándido Josué 
Published: February 2024

La integración de las TIC en la educación ha dejado grandes lecciones; una de ellas es la importancia de la formación del profesorado para entender los retos que plantea el contexto, en esta nueva etapa donde la tecnología a avanzado de manera trascendental, surge la necesidad de entender los cambios para diseñar estrategias significativas. En el estudio “La evaluación educativa en la era de la inteligencia artificial; cambios de paradigmas; muestra lo que los recursos tecnológicos generados por IA pueden realizar y cómo estos fácilmente pueden ser utilizados para promover el aprendizaje o buscar atajos; es por ello; que a través de la metodología comparativa, se analizan dos recursos generados por IA de acceso gratuito (Perplexity y Microsoft Big) enfrentándose a formas de evaluaciones que los docentes aplican en su práctica; se espera comprender el grado de avance de los recursos generados por IA y la necesidad de cambiar los paradigmas en la educación. Asimismo; se presentan los resultados y nivel de efectividad de cada uno de los recursos, para establecer una discusión de estos, que permitan establecer conclusiones que serán útiles a los sistemas educativos para diseñar estrategias en la integración de la inteligencia artificial en la práctica docente.
The Level of Psychological Hardiness Among Volleyball and Swimming Players in Jordan: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hatamleh Mahmoud Aied , Eid Faleh Sultan Abu , Abutabanjeh Abdulmunem , Akour Ahmad Abed Alwahab , Alqatami Haya Mohamad 
Published: February 2024

This study aimed at identifying the level of the psychological hardiness among the volleyball and swimming players in Jordan. It also aimed at identifying the effect of the (type of game) variable on the psychological hardiness among the players. The researchers applied the descriptive method in its survey form, as the sample consisted of all the male and female players of the first division volleyball clubs (n=126), and male and female swimming players (n=18) who are enrolled in the 2022/2023 sports season. The researchers constructed a questionnaire to measure psychological hardiness, which consisted of three domains (Challenge, commitment, and control), and was distributed over 15 items. The data processing was carried out using the means, standard deviations, analysis of variance and Cronbach Alfa.
The results showed that the psychological hardiness level among the volleyball and swimming players was high, and that there were no statistically significant differences of the hardiness level among the volleyball and swimming players ascribed to the (type of game) variable.
In the light of the results, the researchers recommended to affirm the significance of the psychological hardiness among the volleyball and swimming players, and to hold courses and workshops to introduce the significance of the psychological hardiness among the players.
LE DROIT À LA SÉCURITÉ SOCIALE : PRINCIPES INTERNATIONAUX ET BESOINS SOCIAUX EN AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE
Authors: Têtêvi Agbodjan Didier 
Published: February 2024

C’est une étude en deux temps des régimes de sécurité sociale en Afrique subsaharienne que nous propose ici l’auteur. Dans un premier temps, celui-ci examine le régime actuel en mettant l’emphase sur les exclusions consacrées que l’on y retrouve. De manière successive, il aborde la protection de la famille et de la maternité, les prestations de maladie et les soins de santé, la protection des risques professionnels et enfin, la protection de la vieillesse, de l’invalidité et des survivants. Dans un second temps, il se penche sur les impasses sociales auxquelles est confrontée la majorité exclue par le système formel de sécurité sociale. À cet égard, il décrit premièrement les mesures limitées déjà mises en place à titre d’assistance publique en matière de santé publique et d’assistance sociale, pour ensuite se pencher sur les alternatives possibles. Sur ce dernier point, l’auteur met surtout l’accent sur les solidarités domestiques et la protection sociale traditionnelle ou coutumière. Pour lui, le système domestique de protection porte l’îlot de prestations offert aux privilégiés et se présente comme un « supplément pragmatique » à la manne disponible pour soutenir les échanges ou partages solidaires. Le sens solidaire n’est pas à l’abri de la corruption qui, de plus en plus, dans le contexte moderne d’exclusion, de déstructuration familiale et de pression capitaliste, érode en ses fondements l’institution traditionnelle de partage. Enfin, il conclu en notant que dans l’espace critique des sociétés urbaines et rurales, les solidarités constituent pour les individus, non seulement, l’expression d’éléments stratégiques de survie mais tout autant le moyen de reproduction du lien social.
L’ARRET CIVET OU VARIATIONS SUR LE THEME DE L’EPUISEMENT DES VOIES DE RECOURS INTERNES
Authors: Titiun Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Une affaire qui touche essentiellement à l’application de la règle dite de l’épuisement des voies de recours internes et à la procédure devant la Cour de Cassation française, mais apporte surtout un éclairage sur le rôle que la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme entend jouer par rapport aux juridictions nationales et, en particulier, aux juridictions suprêmes. C’est là un des principaux apports de cette décision.
Tout d’abord, elle ne veut en aucun cas constituer un quatrième degré de juridiction et se substituer aux cours suprêmes. Ensuite, elle indique ce qu’elle estime devoir être le rôle de ces juridictions. Elle adresse donc, en quelque sorte, un message aux juridictions suprêmes leur confirmant qu’elle n’entend pas se substituer à elles dans le cadre de la mission qu’elles remplissent au plan interne, à condition qu’elles l’exercent effectivement et dans le respect de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme.
LA PERTINENCE DE LA PROTECTION DES RÉFUGIÉS AU XXIe SIÈCLE
Authors: Jaeger Gilbert 
Published: February 2024

À l’aube du nouveau millénaire, nous sommes en mesure de nous interroger sur la protection des réfugiés et les formes qu’elle revêtira dans l’avenir. Rien ne permet de croire que la tension entre races, entre nationalités, entre groupes ethno-religieux qui est à l’origine de beaucoup de situations de réfugiés actuelles, ainsi que, le surpeuplement et sous-développement disparaîtront prochainement. La présence de réfugiés sur le territoire d’un État entraîne la nécessité de leur protection à la fois nationale et internationale. La protection internationale est assurée par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés, et, entre autres, la Cour européenne des Droits de l’Homme, la Cour interaméricaine des Droits de l’Homme et la Convention américaine relative aux Droits de l’Homme « Pacte de San José de Costa Rica » ainsi que les services responsables au sein de l’Organisation de l’Unité Africaine. Quant aux formes de protection, la crise de l’institution d’asile et la protection temporaire sont à nouveau un sujet d’actualité.
THE NIGHTMARE OF LITIGATING IN MULTIPLE FORA
Authors: Richter Christopher 
Published: February 2024

In his text Christopher Richter describes how Quebec courts determine their
jurisdiction over commercial disputes. The author notes that while the rules and
concepts found in the Civil Code of Quebec, the Code of Civil
Procedure, international agreements, and Quebec jurisprudence appear at
first glance to be straightforward, their application in combination often creates
uncertainty.
He explores concepts affecting jurisdiction, like connexity or domicile, and
how the practical application of these concepts becomes difficult when the
conflicting and evolving jurisprudence and legislation are considered. The author
provides, however, more than a basic definitional analysis of the aspects
influencing jurisdiction; he creatively posits how the conflicting rules, if
manipulated carefully, can work flexibly to achieve a desired jurisdiction. To this
end Christopher Richter considers several Quebec cases where the courts reached
varying conclusions on the appropriateness of their jurisdiction based upon analyses
of the alternating narrow and broad legislative rules (for example as between real
and personal actions).
THE NEW CHOICE OF LAW RULES IN TORTS: THE AFTERMATH OF TOLOFSON V. JENSEN; LUCAS V. GAGNON
Authors: Swan John 
Published: February 2024

The recent cases of Tolofson v. Jensen and Lucas v. Gagnon have again brought the problem of the Conflict of Laws to the forefront of Canadian law. The structure of Canadian conflict of laws analysis dictates that when there is an issue of foreign law, it must be characterized as either a substantive or procedural question. In the former case, further characterization into category of law is required, e.g. whether it is a contracts or a torts question. In the latter case, the lex fori, or the law of the forum applies. In Tolofson/Gagnon, the Supreme Court decided not only that questions of limitation period are questions of substance rather than procedure, but also that the choice of law rule in torts is that of lex loci delicti, i.e., the law of the place of the wrong determines the rights and obligations of the parties. The article addresses the choice of law aspects of the Tolofson/Gagnon decision and the form of the rule, the ability to justify its application and the general structure of conflict analysis. The court's reasons for the choice of law rule were simplicity and certainty, and respecting the limits on provincial powers. It is argued that the adoption of the rule was unexpected, and it was followed neither in Canada, nor in the U. S.. The Ontario case of Hanlan v. Sernesky demonstrates that the lex loci delecti rule will not provide certainty because in cases where lex loci leads to injustice, the judge has discretion to apply the lex fori. The author maintains that while the facts and reasons of Hanlan cannot be distinguished from Tolosfon/Gagnon, the two cases came to opposite results.
Given the uncertainty created by the structure of conflict analysis, "escape devices" have been adopted by English, French, Canadian and American courts to avoid the application of the law "selected" by the choice of law rule. The first device discussed was to adjust the characterization of the question, so that for example, it would be examined as a contracts or family law question rather than a torts one. The characterization of the question is particularly important because every question must be answered by the same choice. Another device is the use of the doctrine of renvoi which includes in the conflict analysis, the choice of law rule of the foreign law. Tolofson/Gagnon is hard to reconcile with other SCC cases such as Morguard, Moran and Amchem, as the former denies the development that the SCC can oversee litigation with a foreign element and ensure that Canadian values are represented. The author clearly indicates that he is unhappy with this situation and that he hopes for a quick change in the Canadian case law.
THE PROPOSED HAGUE CONVENTION ON JURISDICTION, RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS
Authors: Smith Bradbrooke 
Published: February 2024

A new international agreement on juridiction and foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters is needed because the Hague Convention of 1971 has proven unworkable. The Brussels Convention of 1968 and the Lugano Convention of 1988 were helpful in resolving jurisdictional issues in the European context, but because of the lack of reciprocity in the european approach, even though North American courts have a liberal approach towards the recognition of foreign judgements, North American judgements are at a disadvantage before European courts. The United States’ initiative in promoting a consistent international approach to the enforcement of foreign judgments may lead to a new Hague Convention.
The author discusses procedures of the Hague Conference on Private International Law and the work of the Special Commission, which is charged with the task of working up a draft text for a new judgments convention. The author’s view is that decisions made at the Hague Conference will have real impacts on the practice of international lawyers and their clients. He identifies key members of the Canadian delegation to the Special Commission and encourages practitioners to contact the members so their concerns and ideas will be considered during the drafting process of the convention.
LA CIDH Y LA PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Taiana Jorge E. 
Published: February 2024

Desde su creación la Comisión lnteramericana de Derechos Humanos, CIDH, ha desarrollado numerosas y diversas actividades para cumplir con su mandato. La prioridad en las actividades de la Comisión ha estado siempre vinculada a su propio desarrollo y, en particular, a la situación por la que ha atravesado el hemisferio. Frente a una América Latina sumergida en regímenes militares y sometida a violaciones masivas de los derechos fundamentales, las visitas «in loco» y los informes sobre situaciones fueron la forma más adecuada de responder, en ese contexto. La ola democratizadora que se inició en los ochenta y que permitió el establecimiento de gobiernos electos popularmente en casi todos los Estados del hemisferio, cambió radicalmente la situación de los derechos humanos en la región. Para el autor, no hay duda que la CIDH ha sabido enfrentar cambiantes realidades y que ha establecido una variada gama de herramientas para el mejor logro de sus funciones.
Sin embargo la CIDH fue immersa en un agudo debate sobre el papel que la promoción de los derechos humanos deberla jugar en el sistema interamericano y, en particular, en sus actividades. Este debate pone en particular relieve la cuestión de las prioridades de la CIDH en su trabajo y en la asignación de sus recursos. A solicitud de la Asamblea General de la OEA, la CIDH preparó un proyecto de Programa interamericano de promoción de los derechos humanos. En éste, la Comisión, y ahora el Dr. Taiana en su articulo como actor de primer plano en este debate, reafirman que la protección debe ser la función principal de la CIDH y que las formas de promoción divulgadora y educativa deben ser encaradas por ésta sin distraer recursos ni importancia a sus actividades de protección, a pesar del creciente interés por la «promoción». El autor reitera también, como la CIDH en el Programa, que las posibilidades de realización del mismo descansan en la actividad que ya realiza el Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, IIDH, asl como en la acción de numerosos actores al nivel nacional de cada estado. Por último, éste describe les características del Programa, sus objetivos, áreas y actividades programáticas y a titulo indicativo enumera los distintos proyectos, incluyendo el órgano ejecutor de cada uno y señalando si se encuentran en ejecución o si se trata de nuevas propuestas.
A candidate to replace PID control: SISO‐constrained LQ control
Authors: Pannocchia Gabriele , Laachi Nabil , Rawlings James B. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is commonly believed that for single‐input/single‐output (SISO) systems, well‐tuned proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controllers work as well as model‐based controllers and that PID controllers are more robust to model errors. In this paper we present a novel offset‐free constrained linear quadratic (LQ) controller for SISO systems, which is implemented in an efficient way so that the total controller execution time is similar to that of a PID. The proposed controller has three modules: a state and disturbance estimator, a target calculation, and a constrained dynamic optimization. It is shown that the proposed controller outperforms PID both in setpoint changes and disturbance rejection, it is robust to model errors, it is insensitive to measurement noise, and it handles constraints better than common anti‐windup PID. Tuning the proposed controller is simple. In principle there are three tuning parameters to choose, but in all examples presented only one was actually varied, obtaining a clear and intuitive effect on the closed‐loop performance. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Process synthesis optimization and flexibility evaluation of air separation cycles
Authors: Sirdeshpande Avinash R. , Ierapetritou Marianthi G. , Andrecovich Mark J. , Naumovitz Joseph P. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe solution is discussed of the process synthesis problem for cryogenic air separation using techniques from process synthesis optimization. The mass and energy balances for the process are represented by a simplified algebraic model in which material stream flows and pressures appear as continuous variables and the various equipment choices for components of the air separation cycle are represented by binary variables. The resulting model corresponds to a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation and enables numerical optimization of the cycle. The two problems addressed are the selection of the optimal equipment set for a given product slate and the flexibility determination of the chosen cycle. The flexibility analysis is complemented with unique visual techniques that depict the feasible region and use of the recently proposed convex‐hull approach. The calculations are illustrated for low‐purity (95%) oxygen plants using the Lachmann cycle. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
On the definition of software accuracy in redundant measurement systems
Authors: Bagajewicz Miguel J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAccuracy of measurements is defined as the sum of precision (standard deviation) and bias. Unfortunately, this definition is of little use unless bias is independently assessed. In this article, we extend this classical definition of accuracy of measurements to one of estimators obtained through data reconciliation techniques. Connection to gross error robustness measures, defined earlier by the author, is studied. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Modeling and measurement of shear stress for a slug flow inside a capillary
Authors: Laborie S. , Cabassud C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to characterize wall shear stresses generated by a gas–liquid two‐phase flow inside a capillary tube. In this case the flow is a slug flow. Two different approaches were used. The first one constituted a calculation of the shear stresses by a two‐phase model in which some parameters characteristics of the flow were introduced. These parameters had been determined experimentally in a previous study. The second approach constituted a direct and local measurement of wall shear stresses by an electrochemical method. The shear stresses near liquid and gas slugs were obtained for different operating conditions. Moreover, a calculation of the liquid film thickness around the gas slugs demonstrated that this thickness does not depend on gas velocity. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Age at onset variance analysis in spinocerebellar ataxias: A study in a Dutch–French cohort
Authors: van de Warrenburg Bart P. C. , Hendriks Harrie , Dürr Alexandra , van Zuijlen Martin C. A. , Stevanin Giovanni , Camuzat Agnès , Sinke Richard J. , Brice Alexis , Kremer Berry P. H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), the issue of whether non‐CAG dependent factors contribute to onset age remains unsettled. Data on SCA genotype, onset age, normal/expanded CAG repeat length, sex of the patient and transmitting parent, and family details were available from 802 patients. Based on the model [log10 (age at onset) = k − b CAGexp + ϵ], we examined changes in adjusted R2 and residual standard error following incorporation of the other factors in this model. The expanded repeat explained 44.3 to 74.9% of onset age variance, although this was less than 50% in SCA3 and SCA6, implicating a large effect of non‐CAG factors. The relation between onset age and CAG repeat was similar for SCA1, 3, 6, and 7, but different for SCA2, pointing to different polyglutamine effects in SCA2. For SCA2 and SCA3, 17.1 and 45.5% of onset age variance, respectively, were explained by currently (unidentified) familial factors. We found a significant contribution of the nonexpanded allele in SCA1 and SCA6. Besides polyglutamine motif (determined by the expanded CAG repeat length), we identified the following age at onset modifiers: protein context in SCA2; familial factors in SCA2 and SCA3; and the nonexpanded CAG repeat in SCA1 and SCA6. Ann Neurol 2005