bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporally dynamic carbon dioxide and methane emission factors for rewetted peatlands
Authors: Kalhori Aram , Wille Christian , Gottschalk Pia , Li Zhan , Hashemi Josh , Kemper Karl , Sachs Torsten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRewetting drained peatlands is recognized as a leading and effective natural solution to curb greenhouse gas emissions. However, rewetting creates novel ecosystems whose emission behaviors are not adequately captured by currently used emission factors. These emission factors are applied immediately after rewetting, thus do not reflect the temporal dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions during the period wherein there is a transition to a rewetted steady-state. Here, we provide long-term data showing a mismatch between actual emissions and default emission factors and revealing the temporal patterns of annual carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a rewetted peatland site in northeastern Germany. We show that site-level annual emissions of carbon dioxide and methane approach the IPCC default emission factors and those suggested for the German national inventory report only between 13 to 16 years after rewetting. Over the entire study period, we observed a source-to-sink transition of annual carbon dioxide fluxes with a decreasing trend of −0.36 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1 and a decrease in annual methane emissions of −23.6 kg CH4 ha−1 yr−1. Our results indicate that emission factors should represent the temporally dynamic nature of peatlands post-rewetting and consider the effect of site characteristics to better estimate associated annual emissions.
RNAseq data Male and Female Het vs Wt
Authors: F. Hammer Michael 
Published: February 2024

<p>Epilepsy is a common disorder; however, the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in epilepsy remain unclear. We observed blood-brain barrier dysfunction in both sexes prior to seizure onset, which was exacerbated in males once seizures were established. The initial male response of gliosis and CREB signaling likely led to maladaptive effects after seizures, while females initially activated energy enhancing pathways and switched to a more neuroprotective metabolic program in response to increased neuronal excitability. These findings reveal epileptogenic processes shared between the sexes, as well as sexually dimorphic responses that lead to increased seizure resilience in females. </p>
Pattern clustering method of magnetic near‐field radiation emissions based on DBSCAN algorithm
Authors: Hou Bo , Ding Rui , Shao Weiheng , Liu Siyang , Wang Liwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe analysis of magnetic near‐field radiation emissions (MNRE) has recently raised more attention in device‐level electromagnetic compatibility testing. Pattern clustering of MNRE for integrated circuits manually is very time‐consuming because of the multi‐dimensional characteristics of MNRE, such as frequency, spatial position, emission intensity, etc. This paper proposes a novel pattern clustering method of MNRE, including strong emission frequency extraction, feature extraction, and density‐based clustering. Ring oscillator and five working states are designed on a Field Programmable Gate Array with 256 Ball Grid Array package, which are used to create a complex multi‐source emission case for verifying the effectiveness of the clustering method. The verification results show that the proposed method can correctly cluster the multi‐source emission patterns. Further, the method is also applied to a Microcontroller Unit with unknown operating states; the results show that the proposed method also can effectively distinguish the unknown emission patterns and locate the unknown interference source. The accuracy of the interference source location is proven by 3D X‐ray microscope inspection.
Impression 3D et bioimpression pour la régénération osseuse en chirurgie orale
Authors: Catros Sylvain , Fénelon Mathilde , De Oliveira Hugo , Shayya Ghannaa , Babilotte Joanna , Chassande Olivier , Fricain Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2024

La chirurgie osseuse pré-implantaire en chirurgie orale permet de reconstruire les atrophies des maxillaires en rapport avec des processus traumatiques, infectieux ou tumoraux. Dans ce contexte, le biomatériau idéal reste l’os autogène mais les biomatériaux (d’origine naturelle ou synthétique) permettent de limiter la morbidité liée aux prélèvements osseux et de simplifier ces interventions chirurgicales. Dans cet article, nous illustrons l’apport récent de l’impression 3D dans ce contexte pour traiter des défauts osseux de forme complexe ou pour créer des modèles anatomiques servant à planifier les interventions. Enfin, les perspectives apportées par l’ingénierie tissulaire et la bioimpression (création de modèles in vitro complexes) sont détaillées.
Urban Rats (
Rattus norvegicus
) through a One Health Lens: Social and Ecological Factors Promote Opportunities for Urban Leptospirosis in Rats, Dogs, and People
Authors: Murray Maureen H. , Buckley Jacqueline Y. , Byers Kaylee A. , German Danielle , Sancha Noé U. , Mehta Supriya , Dyer Alexandre , Flores Andrea , Fyffe Rebecca , Magle Seth B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Living in cities creates One Health challenges because urban environments can promote pathogen transmission in wildlife and human-wildlife interactions with commensal species such as rats. In this study, we examined social and ecological processes that lead to an elevated risk of leptospirosis, a fatal rat-associated disease transmitted through
Leptospira interrogans
bacteria in urine. We examined rat and human factors associated with (1) human exposure to rat urine in the home environment, (2) the presence of rats carrying
L. interrogans
on the block, and (3) environmental conditions associated with rat infection. We surveyed residents and trapped rats on the same 16 blocks in four neighbourhoods in Chicago. Survey respondents were more likely to observe rat urine in their homes if they had lower incomes. Blocks where rats were carrying
L. interrogans
had higher rat abundance and respondents with higher incomes, who reported dogs dying from leptospirosis, children playing in yards with rat waste, flooded yards, and gardens with rat burrows. Rats were more likely to be infected with
L. interrogans
if they were trapped on a block with more accessible garbage and if they were older. Our results highlight that rat presence alone does not determine the risk of close contact with rat-associated pathogens; socio-economics can affect an individual’s ability to exclude animals from living spaces. In addition, improved waste management may help mitigate disease risks for humans, wildlife, and domestic animals. We also discuss opportunities for public education about rat-associated zoonoses and lessons learned about meaningful community engagement in One Health work.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Open-source 3D printed laboratory for education: illuminating optics and optoelectronics demonstrations
Authors: Vinnakota Raj K , Barr Brady A , Radavaram Sai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a flexible and reliable tabletop setup, specifically designed to effectively demonstrate fundamental optics concepts to a wide audience, including students from grades 5 through 12, university students, as well as enthusiasts. Leveraging additive manufacturing technology, this work provides an adaptable and accessible avenue for educators, students, and enthusiasts to explore the captivating realm of optics and optoelectronics. The article delves into detailed discussions of the experiments that can be conducted with the proposed setup to elucidate these concepts, presenting their outcomes comprehensively. Moreover, all the Computer Aided Design (CAD) files utilized in this project for 3D printing the essential optical components and systems are made available online for free, enabling users to develop the setup from scratch independently. The proposed setup offers an easily approachable design process, requiring minimal to no prior CAD experience. The experiments performed to illustrate optical concepts are straightforward and safe, making them easily comprehensible and achievable for students at various educational levels.
Investigation of a thermomechanical improved tangential fan geometry
Authors: Hauch J , Reich K , Büschgens D , Pfeifer H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In convection-dominated thermoprocessing plants, the current state of the art is to use centrifugal and axial fans in conjunction with flow straighteners to ensure a homogeneous inflow of the fluid and thus a homogeneous temperature distribution. However, flow straighteners lead to an additional pressure loss in the system that must be overcome. Tangential fans can deliver a homogeneous volume flow over the entire width of the fan even without flow straighteners. Therefore, they offer a possibility to increase the energy efficiency of these systems. Based on this motivation, the possibilities of increasing the thermomechanical long-term stability of tangential fans are being evaluated as part of a current research and development project. To this end, the effects of design changes on the generated flow and the mechanical loads are being investigated with the help of FEM and CFD simulations. The aim is to design a tangential fan that can withstand the mechanical and dynamic loads and deliver a consistently high and homogenous fluid flow at the same time. A geometry based on the results of the simulations was manufactured as a functional sample. This sample was investigated at the hot test stand of the IOB and is compared to a reference tangential fan.
Direct Numerical Simulation of liquid metal forced and mixed convection in a square rod bundle
Authors: Trane D , Grespan M , Stalio E , Angeli D 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reports results of Direct Numerical Simulations of fully developed, forced and mixed convection of Liquid Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) around four vertical cylindrical rods arranged in a square lattice at Pr = 0.031. The solutions provided here are placed in a context where very few data are available for low-Prandtl flows, especially in mixed convection conditions, and can hence be useful for the development and validation of advanced turbulent heat transfer models. The equations are discretized using a Finite Volume implementation of a second order projection method. The irregular cylindrical boundaries are handled with an original Immersed Boundary technique. A single friction Reynolds number value is set (Reτ = 180) and buoyancy effects are accounted for by imposing the Rayleigh number, under the Boussinesq approximation. A Ra-value Ra = 2.5 ×104 is selected in order to investigate the main differences between forced and mixed convection at low Prandtl number values. Time-averaged velocity and temperature fields are shown, in order to discuss the main features of the flow and thermal fields. First order statistics are also presented, highlighting the effect of aiding buoyancy on turbulent heat and momentum transport.
Influence of different heating systems on thermal comfort perception: a dynamic and CFD analysis
Authors: Ballerini Vincenzo , Volo Eleonora Palka Bayard de , Pulvirenti Beatrice , Schio Eugenia Rossi di , Valdiserri Paolo , Guidorzi Paolo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the influence of different heating systems on the thermal comfort indexes, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), for a residential apartment located in Bologna (Italy). The apartment has an area of 40 m2 and is located on the ground floor of 4 floors building. The envelop consists in horizontal perforated bricks with internal thermal insulation material and two windows. The analyses are performed employing Trnsys, a commercial dynamic simulation software and Simcenter STAR-CCM+, a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The CFD analysis regards a steady condition of a typical winter day in Bologna. Thermal comfort indexes and thermal energy demand are studied comparing two different heating generation systems existing in the considered apartment: a condensing gas boiler coupled with radiators as terminal emitters and an air-to-air heat pump. By crossing the results obtained by the dynamical approach and by the CFD simulations, a two-objective methodology where energy consumption is minimised while thermal comfort is obtained, is presented.
CFD analysis of thermal fluid dynamic parameters inside an organ pipe: influence of air temperature variations
Authors: Domenighini P , Buratti C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Organ pipes represent a fluid-dynamic challenge since the time of Bernoulli and Reynolds. A complete and reliable description of the fluid behaviour at the basement of the resonator named the “mouth” of the pipe is still absent. In the context of the design of an air-heating system for the attenuation of the inconsistencies between sounding frequencies of organ pipes, computing efforts were carried out focusing on the fluid-dynamic behaviour of the air at the mouth of the pipe at different temperature conditions. Describing the air dynamic and the heat transfer at the mouth level of the pipe, it would be possible to predict the heating conditions within the pipe resonator, which was the main subject of the project. Multiple points on the pipe organ air blowing scheme were considered for simulation results extraction. Temperature, pressure, and audio measurements were performed and no significant influence of the temperature on those parameters was raised from measurements, rising questions about the effective behaviour of the blowed air at the mouth of the pipe. Simulations were performed to predict both the fluid dynamic and the heat transfer. A finite volume approach in Fluent environment was chosen. The SST k-omega model was considered in reliability vs computation time balance. 3D simulations were performed based on a CAD reconstructed model of a real pipe. The results of the simulations confirmed experimental data, and they may prove the absence of a significant mass exchange between the in and outside of the mouth of the pipe. The oscillation of the air membrane at the mouth of the pipe may be cleared from instabilities and turbulence regime phenomena, as usually described in the literature.
Saccardo nozzle ventilation system: cfd analysis to upgrade the performance of the ventilation system
Authors: Musto M , Cascetta F , Bianco N , Rotondo G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a 3D numerical investigation carried out on a Saccardo ventilation system operating in road tunnel, with the aim to improve the Performance of the Ventilation System, Pvs. 1D mathematical model, here presented, has highlighted that the pitch angle and length of inflow opening are the main parameters that influence the Pvs. The results have shown that the pitch angle of the Saccardo nozzle, influences moderately the Pvs, instead the opening inflow lengths influence considerably the transferring of the momentum, increasing the mass flow rate. Pvs trend vs opening inflow length shows an improvement up to 47% with respect to the reference opening inflow length.
Switching criteria analysis for a condenser moving boundary model
Authors: Giovannini Michael , Lorenzini Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The switching moving boundary (SMB) scheme is widely used for numerical simulation of heat exchangers, especially in vapour compression refrigeration system. The method divides the heat exchanger into up to three zones (superheated vapour, two-phase fluid and subcooled liquid), depending on the operating conditions and treats each as a lumped-parameter system. During transients the number of zones may vary, and suitable switching criteria and related threshold values must be given, for this change to occur. Also, variables for the zones momentarily phased out need to be tracked, to allow smooth operation of the model. In this work, a switching moving boundary model of a brazed plate condenser in counter-flow arrangement is studied to obtain some useful guidelines for the selection of the optimal switching thresholds. It is shown that these values influence both the accuracy and the numerical robustness of the model; moreover an appropriate selection of these parameters may allow the usage of a fixed-step solver, which is more suitable for real-time simulations.
Towards a more realistic MELCOR model for a dry cask for spent nuclear fuel. Part I: sensitivity studies.
Authors: Angelucci M , Paci S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The United States (US) Department Of Energy (DOE) has addressed the thermal analysis of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) stored within a dry cask system as a matter of high priority. In this regard, it is of utmost importance that simulation tools effectively reproduce the general thermal behavior of the modelled cask, including heat exchange and removal. Temperature distribution in the different components of the system is usually the focus of performed thermal analyses. In particular, attention is paid to the maximum temperature reached in the fuel cladding, namely the Peak Cladding Temperature (PCT). Within this framework, the present paper is the first of a two-paper series aimed at developing a more accurate model for the HI-STORM 100S cask. The dry cask in question is modelled and its behavior is simulated by means of the MELCOR code (version 2.2.18019). Stressing the need for a more realistic model rather than a conservative one, this paper reports the efforts undertaken to evaluate the influence of some specific modelling choices on the PCT. The study of the cask performance is therefore conducted taking into consideration three main factors: the axial power distribution in the Fuel Assembly (FA), the flow losses in the air gap between the internal canister and the external overpack, and the conductivity of the overpack concrete.
Towards a more realistic MELCOR model for a dry cask for spent nuclear fuel. Part II: application.
Authors: Angelucci M , Paci S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, a great deal of attention is devoted to the development of best-estimate models able to produce more realistic outcomes. This is also the case for system codes, such as MELCOR, that are being mostly used in a conservative way especially when dealing with the licensing process. The above-mentioned need for more realistic results is at the core of this two-paper series related to the creation of a more accurate MELCOR model for the HI-STORM 100S dry cask. The findings obtained from the sensitivity studies carried out in the Part I are leveraged to set up an improved MELCOR model, the characteristics of which are consistent with the typical features of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF), and with geometrical and material properties of the cask itself. The addition of an axial power profile in the Fuel Assembly (FA), the better characterization of the flow losses in the air gap between internal metallic canister and external concrete-based overpack, and the choice of an appropriate value for the concrete thermal conductivity, are taken into account conjointly in this Part II. The outcomes from the improved MELCOR simulation are reported mainly in terms of the Peak Cladding Temperature (PCT), being the variable under regulatory surveillance. However, in addition to PCT, calculated temperature profiles are displayed and compared against the ones resulting from the previous model.
Comprehensive modeling of ventilation systems for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: Sedoni R , Cannistraci G , Santangelo P E , Angeli D , Romani M , Fioravanti L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the present work, a lumped-parameter model of a multifunctional ventilation unit for residential applications was developed in the Simulink environment, also relying on the Simscape toolbox with Moist Air and Two-Phase fluid libraries. A simple, yet effective method to analyze and optimize the efficiency of the combined HVAC – air distribution system is proposed. To investigate the impact of boundary conditions on system performance, a parametric study of different installation conditions was also carried out, including outdoor air and indoor air temperature, humidity, static pressure, filter fouling, pressure drop in the intake and distribution ducts. The model highlights a strong decrease in the useful cooling/heating heat flow rate produced by the system as the installation and maintenance conditions become more challenging.
Infrared measurements of fluid temperature in a polymeric Pulsating Heat Pipe
Authors: Pagliarini L , Clemens F , Bozzoli F , Cattani L , Miche N , Bernagozzi M , Marengo M , Alqahtani A A , Bertola V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pulsating heat pipes are two-phase passive heat transfer devices partially filled with a working fluid in saturation conditions. During operation, supplying heat to one end of the system (named evaporator) results in a local increase in temperature and pressure, which drives the fluid through a transport section (named adiabatic section) towards the cooled, opposite end (named condenser) for effective heat dissipation. The local thermo-fluid dynamic state of the working fluid is sometimes assessed by means of non-intrusive techniques, such as infrared thermography. In this case, the radiative properties of the systems in the infrared spectrum must be known a priori. Nevertheless, since pulsating heat pipes may be manufactured with different materials, wall thicknesses and channel geometries, the radiative properties of the walls and the confined flow are not always known or assessable by means of the available literature. Hence, the work proposes to design a straightforward calibration procedure for quantitative infrared fluid temperature measurements in a polymeric pulsating heat pipe charged with FC-72 and having unknown radiative properties. The emissivity and transmissivity of the walls and confined fluid are estimated with good accuracy. The results will allow repeatable and reliable fluid temperature measurements in future experimentations on the mentioned device.