bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Green engineering: Defining the principles”— resdts from the sandestin conference
Authors: Abraham Martin A. , Nguyen Nhan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDuring the week of May 19, 2003, approximately 65 engineers and scientists convened at the Sandestin Resort in Florida for the first conference on “Green Engineering: Defining the Principles,” sponsored by Engineering Conferences international. Overfour days, a series of oral and poster presentations inspired discussion of green engineering principles. Each day attendees met during breakout sessions to discuss specific elements of green engineering principles. By the end of the conference, a set of nine collectively agreed upon principles that summarized all breakout session discussions had been compiled. These represent a majority view of green engineering principles as determined during the Sandestin deliberations, and should not be construed as individual opinions of any of the participants or sponsors. The Environmental Protection Agency, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy (Los Alamos National Laboratory), and the Green Chemistry institute, all provided funds to support the meeting.
Maximizing resource recovery from waste streams
Authors: Grant Tim 
Published: April 2004

AbstractResource conservation and waste management have become two sides of the same argument. According to the Institutefor Local Self Reliance in the US., the recycling revolution begun in the l960s was a reaction “to the levels of waste in our economy and the pollution and suffering these habits cause worldwide” [1,2]. However, the recycling targetsetting of the early 1990s was focused on diversion from landfill, and it has taken another 10 years for the focus to shift back to the resource values approach, driven largely by the application of Life Cycle Assessment to the waste management system.This paper examines materials in the waste stream to determine the “value proposition” in each material group, and to examine options for efficient resource use and recovery. Specifically, it discusses waste management issues associated with clean fill, food waste, timber waste, concrete and bricks, green waste, paper and board, metals, plastics, and glass.
A longitudinal analysis of the impact of workplace empowerment on work satisfaction
Authors: Laschinger Heather K. Spence , Finegan Joan E. , Shamian Judith , Wilk Piotr 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA longitudinal predictive design was used to test a model linking changes in structural and psychological empowerment to changes in job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a good fit of the data from 185 randomly selected staff nurses to the hypothesized model. Changes in perceived structural empowerment had direct effects on changes in psychological empowerment and job satisfaction. Changes in psychological empowerment did not explain additional variance in job satisfaction beyond that explained by structural empowerment. The results suggest that fostering environments that enhance perceptions of empowerment can have enduring positive effects on employees. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients with primary brain tumors as organ donors: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Punnett Angela S. , McCarthy Lisa J. , Dirks Peter B. , Hawkins Cynthia , Bouffet Eric 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMalignancy is considered a contra‐indication to organ donation, with a few possible exceptions. We present the case of a child with fatal intracranial hemorrhage from a primary brain tumor (PBT) whose organs were denied for transplant after recovery. We review the literature of organ donors with PBTs in the context of the current organ shortage and discuss the implications for the practicing oncologist. Transmission of donor brain tumor to organ recipients has been documented but the incidence appears to be very low. Risk factors for tumor transmission include underlying donor tumor histology, history of craniotomy and/or shunt placement, use of systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and duration of disease prior to donation. Ongoing data collection by national registries will provide more information on the potential risk to organ recipients. It may be appropriate to expand the donor pool to include donors with PBTs in certain situations. The transplantation team ultimately decides upon the use of organs from specific donors. Many families will appreciate the opportunity to donate specific tissues even if solid organ transplantation is prohibited. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of continuous infusion 2‐CDA (cladribine) in pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Stine Kimo C. , Saylors Robert L. , Saccente Suzanne , McClain Kenneth L. , Becton David L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPatients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) may behave differently depending on what sites are involved and the response or lack of response to earlier therapies. Therapy for high‐risk patients or those with multiple reactivations continues to be challenging because of variable response rates and frequent toxicities. The goals of this study were to determine the long‐term disease free survival in children with high‐risk or multiply reactivated LCH treated with 2‐CDA, and the toxicity of low dose continuous infusion (CI). Ten children with multiple reactivations or high‐risk disease as defined by the Histiocyte Society were treated with CI 2‐CDA and were evaluable for response and toxicity assessment. The starting dose of 2‐CDA was 5 mg/M2/day for 3 days and escalated to 6.5 mg/M2/day for 3 days if tolerated. The maximum number of courses of 2‐CDA per patient was limited to six. Fifty‐two courses of 2‐CDA were administered without difficulty. After the patient demonstrated no acute toxicity with the first administration of 2‐CDA, the subsequent doses were given at home to all but one patient. All 10 patients had a clinical response, 9 documented by radiographic, or changes in physical exam or review of systems. Toxicity was limited to myelosuppression. Seven of the 10 patients required no additional therapy and remain disease free a median of 50 months from completing therapy. The three remaining patients are currently disease free after receiving other therapy. Further studies are needed to determine the role of 2‐CDA in this patient population. 2‐CDA can be given safely using home therapy, and may effective even in high‐risk patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐species identification of proteins from proteome profiles of the marine oligotrophic ultramicrobacterium, Sphingopyxis alaskensis
Authors: Ostrowski Martin , Fegatella Fitri , Wasinger Valerie , Guilhaus Michael , Corthals Garry L. , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSphingopyxis (formerly Sphingomonas) alaskensis is a model bacterium for studying adaptation to oligotrophy (nutrient‐limitation). It has a unique physiology which is fundamentally different to that of the well studied bacteria such as Escherichia coli. To begin to identify the genes involved in its physiological responses to nutrient‐limited growth and starvation, we developed high resolution two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) methods and determined the identity of 12 proteins from a total of 21 spots using mass spectrometric approaches and cross‐species matching. The best matches were to Novosphingobium aromaticivorans; a terrestrial, hydrocarbon degrading bacterium which was previously classified in the genus Sphingomonas. The proteins identified are involved in fundamental cellular processes including protein synthesis, protein folding, energy generation and electron transport. We also compared radiolabelled and silver‐stained 2‐DE gels generated with the same protein samples and found significant differences in the protein profiles. The use of both methods increased the total number of proteins with differential spot intensities which could be identified from a single protein sample. The ability to effectively utilise cross‐species matching from radiolabelled and silver‐stained gels provides new approaches for determining the genetic basis of microbial oligotrophy.
Normal state understanding within a Fermi liquid approach
Authors: Sfar I. , Charfi‐Kaddour S. , Héritier M. , Bennaceur R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUsing the Hubbard model in the weak coupling limit within a Fermi liquid approach, we have studied spin fluctuation effects in quasi‐2D superconductors such as high critical temperature superconductors. We show that, due to nesting properties of the Fermi surface, the magnetic and the transport properties are different from the behaviours we should observe in usual metal, because of strong magnetic fluctuation effect. We distinguish different regions in the normal state with different dependences as a function of temperature for several properties, such as the resistivity, NMR relaxation rate and spin susceptibility. We show that the pseudo‐gap region is strongly related to the existence of a pseudo‐gap in the density of states at the Fermi level. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A little language for modularizing numerical PDE solvers
Authors: Hohn Michael H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a concise specification language for linear partial differential equations (PDEs) on a union of rectangles, along with three tools: a pretty‐printer, TEX generator, and a code generator. The pretty‐printer and TEX generator help users by allowing equations to be specified (and read) in their natural form, while the code generator allows implementors to separate their numerical solver from the input equations, and greatly simplifies testing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building a new sort function for a C library
Authors: Chen Jing‐Chao 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUp to now, the most efficient sort function for a C library was a variant of Hoare's Quicksort (qsort, for short), which was proposed by Bentley and McIlroy in the early 1990s. Here we call this library function BM qsort. This paper introduces a library function which is based on Chen's Proportion Extend Sort (psort). This work is inspired by the fact that psort is generally faster than qsort, and in the worst case, qsort requires O(n2) comparisons, while psort requires O(n log n). In our library function, many tricks used in BM qsort have been adopted, such as sorting a small array by an insertion sort and the handling of equal elements. Some new tricks are also proposed, however, such as the adaptive partitioning scheme. To assess more effectively the behavior of our function, the test cases are enhanced. The empirical results show that our function is robust and faster than BM qsort. On particular classes of inputs, such as ‘already sorted’, it is linear time. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Code optimizations for a VLIW‐style network processing unit
Authors: Kim Jinhwan , Paek Yunheung , Uh Gangryung 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe explosive growth in network bandwidth and Internet services such as QoS (quality of service) and SLA (service level agreement) monitoring have created the need for new networking hardware called aNetwork Processing Unit (NPU). In order to rapidly reconfigure the NPU for frequently varying Internet services and technologies, a high‐performance C compiler is urgently needed. Several code generation techniques, which are intended to meet the high code quality demands of other types ofapplication specific instruction‐set processors(ASIPs) likedigital signal processors(DSPs), have already been developed. However, these techniques are insufficient for NPUs due to striking architectural differences such as asymmetric data paths. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss our recent experience with the development of a commercial compiler for a new NPU called thePaion PPII, which is basically apacket enginefor NPU to meet the growing need for new high‐bandwidth communication equipment targeted for Internet routers and ethernet adapters. For this purpose, we will first show the architectural challenges posed by the target NPU. Then, we will describe several compiler techniques that we found to be effective for the target NPU with various unorthogonal architectural features. The current implementations of the PPII use a VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) architecture. So, we handled this VLIW‐style architecture by employing a simplecode compactionscheme which packs multiple parallel instructions into one long instruction word. The experimental results show that our techniques are effective for significantly reducing the dynamic instruction count. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and Characterization of BPO4Single Crystals
Authors: Schmidt M. , Ewald B. , Prots Yu. , Cardoso‐Gil R. , Armbrüster M. , Loa I. , Zhang L. , Huang Ya‐Xi , Schwarz U. , Kniep R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSingle crystals of BPO4were grown by chemical transport reactions with PCl5using a gradient from 1073 K to 973 K as well as with solvothermal syntheses in the temperature range between 413 K and 523 K using water, ethanol or 2‐propanol as polar protic solvents. The atomic arrangement of BPO4was reinvestigated by means of single crystal X‐ray diffraction data and confirmed the earlier findings with significantly smaller standard deviations. Thermogravimetric investigations of powdered samples which show no extra lines in X‐ray diffraction diagrams revealed weight decrements which are attributed to water losses. The presence of protonated borate and phosphate species in a number of X‐ray pure solvothermally grown BPO4samples is evidenced by infrared spectroscopy.
Chemical Conversion of Hg‐Clusters: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of $ {\rm [(DMSO)_2 Co(NC \overline{S)_4(Hg}-TePh)_2]_{\rm n} }$, the First Compound Containing a Polymeric Hg—Te Chain
Authors: Schulz Lang Ernesto , de Oliveira Gelson Manzoni , Back Davi Fernando , dos Santos Sailer Santos 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe six‐membered ring Hg3Te3 of [Hg3Cl3(μ‐TePh)3]·2 DMSO {(Ph = C6H5; DMSO = (CH3)2SO} was opened by redissolution with DMSO, reacting with Co[Hg(SCN)4] and affording polymeric $ {\rm [(DMSO)_2 Co(NC \overline{S)_4(Hg}-TePh)_2]_{\rm n} }$. The monoclinic novel compound belong to the space group P21/n and assembles in a bidimensional lattice tetrahedral HgII(SCN)2Te2‐ and octahedral CoII(NCS)4(DMSO)2‐chains linked trough SCN bridges along the crystallographic axis b and diagonally to the ac axes. The structure of [(DMSO)2Co(NCS)4(Hg—TePh)2]n is limited by the DMSO ligands in the axial positions of the Co‐octahedrons.
Organotin Dyes: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Dibutyltin and Dimethyltin Complexes with 2, 2′‐Dihydroxyazobenzene
Authors: Bessler Karl Eberhard , dos Santos Jennifer Alves , Deflon Victor Marcelo , de Souza Lemos Sebastião , Niquet Elke 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe preparation and structures of 2, 2′‐dihydroxyazobenzenato‐dibutyl‐tin [Bu2SnL] and 2, 2′‐dihydroxyazobenzenato‐dimethyl‐tin [Me2SnL] are described. The complexes were characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) and UV/VIS spectra. The crystal structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction on single crystals. [Bu2SnL]: monoclinic, space group P21/c, cell constants at 208 K: a = 860.73(5), b = 973, 51(18), c = 2340.0(3) pm, β = 93.615(11)°; R1 = 0.0546. [Me2SnL]: orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, cell constants at 208 K: a = 1914.6(4), b = 1041.3(3), c = 1323.27(14) pm; R1 = 0.0529.
PINdb: a database of nuclear protein complexes from human and yeast
Authors: Luc Phuong-Van , Tempst Paul 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Summary: Proteins Interacting in the Nucleus database (PINdb) is a database of protein complexes purified from the nucleus of human and yeast cells. It is compiled from the published literature and existing databases. Currently, PINdb contains mostly protein complexes that may be involved in gene transcription. To facilitate comparative analyses and identification of protein complexes, the compositional information is integrated with standardized gene nomenclature, annotation and protein sequences from public databases. The PINdb web interface provides a number of tools for (1) comparison of protein complexes, (2) search for a protein complex by its published name or by a partial list of its components and (3) browsing specific subsets or a functional classification of the complexes.
Availablity: http://pin.mskcc.org
The SRS 3D module: integrating structures, sequences and features
Authors: O'Donoghue Seán I. , Meyer Joachim E. W. , Schafferhans Andrea , Fries Karsten 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Summary: In this paper we present SRS 3D, a new service that allows users to easily and rapidly find all related structures for a given target sequence; structures can then be viewed together with sequences, alignments and sequence features (currently from UniProt, InterPro and PDB). Extensive user feedback confirms that SRS 3D is intuitive and useful especially for those not expert in structures.
Availability: An SRS 3D server is provided at http://srs3d.ebi.ac.uk/
Supplementary information: Complete documentation is available (click the ‘Help’ button after login). Product information can be found at http://www.lionbioscience.com/SRS3D/products/srs/srs-3d
Alteration of the disulfide‐coupled folding pathway of BPTI by circular permutation
Authors: Bulaj Grzegorz , Koehn Rachel E. , Goldenberg David P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of disulfide‐coupled folding and unfolding of four circularly permuted forms of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) were studied and compared with previously published results for both wild‐type BPTI and a cyclized form. Each of the permuted proteins was found to be less stable than either the wild‐type or circular proteins, by 3–8 kcal/mole. These stability differences were used to estimate effective concentrations of the chain termini in the native proteins, which were 1 mM for the wild‐type protein and 2.5 to 4000 M for the permuted forms. The circular permutations increased the rates of unfolding and caused a variety of effects on the kinetics of refolding. For two of the proteins, the rates of a direct disulfide‐formation pathway were dramatically increased, making this process as fast or faster than the competing disulfide rearrangement mechanism that predominates in the folding of the wild‐type protein. These two permutations break the covalent connectivity among the β‐strands of the native protein, and removal of these constraints appears to facilitate direct formation and reduction of nearby disulfides that are buried in the folded structure. The effects on folding kinetics and mechanism do not appear to be correlated with relative contact order, a measure of overall topological complexity. These observations are consistent with the results of other recent experimental and computational studies suggesting that circular permutation may generally influence folding mechanisms by favoring or disfavoring specific interactions that promote alternative pathways, rather than through effects on the overall topology of the native protein.
Equilibrium Selection and Stability for the Groves Ledyard Mechanism
Authors: Page Scott E. , Tassier Troy 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn their seminal paper Groves and Ledyard (1976) construct a balanced incentive compatible mechanism that solves the free rider problem. In subsequent research, Bergstrom, Simon, and Titus (1983) prove that there exist numerous asymmetric equilibria in addition to the symmetric equilibrium. In the present paper, we explicitly solve for the additional equilibria and use computational experiments to examine the structure and stability of the set of equilibria of the Groves Ledyard Mechanism. We find that all of the equilibria found by Berstrom, Simon, and Titus are unstable and that for a high level of the punishment parameter these equilibria do not exist. Further, we find that there exists an additional boundary equilibrium for each of the equilibria found by Bergstrom, Simon, and Titus. The boundary equilibria are all stable.
Jointly Optimal Taxes and Enforcement Policies in Response to Tax Evasion
Authors: Pestieau Pierre , Possen Uri M. , Slutsky Steven M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAssuming the government cannot fully observe either individual types or incomes and jointly picks optimal taxes and audit policies against evasion can significantly alter standard results from optimal income taxation and tax‐evasion models, which treat these separately. We consider this when individuals differ in their risk preferences and incomes. Given the resulting complexity, supplementing analytic results with numerical analysis helps explain the structure of the resulting policies and how they change when the distribution of income or the revenue requirements of the government change. We do this analysis with and without audit errors and with incomes exogenous or affected by occupational choice.
An Integrative Review of Patient Medication Compliance from 1990‐1998
Authors: Wood Wendy , Gray Jennifer 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPurpose(1)The purpose of the integrated review was to summarize studies about medication compliance and identify their implications for research and practice. Thirty research studies exploring patient medication compliance were reviewed. Study variables related to patients included characteristics that affect compliance, common medication errors, and strategies used by patients to remember to take their medications. Other studies evaluated methods for measuring compliance and interventions for improving compliance.Conclusions(2)There has not been a “gold standard” identified for measuring compliance, therefore it is difficult to compare results due to differences in operational definitions. Dosage frequency, patient's confidence in their provider, belief in the efficacy of a drug along with acceptance of illness have been shown to have a positive effect on compliance.Implications(3)Nurses and other health care providers can promote medication compliance by developing a collaborative relationship with the patient. Education and reminders are especially important at the beginning of treatment. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of nursing interventions to promote compliance.