bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of current development and barriers on liquid biopsy in patients with early-stage non-small-cell Lung cancer
Authors: Jin Yichen , Yang Fan , Chen Kezhong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Liquid biopsy is a promising technological method in patient management of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The detection platforms exhibit high efficiency and related clinical applications also emerge with high-quality performance. An overview of the current status is in need for an integrated perception on this field.

Methods
NSCLC takes up the largest proportion of lung cancer and there is a tendency for more early-stage patients in real practice. Hence, early-stage NSCLC participants occupy an important position in clinical work. Liquid biopsy, as a promising non-invasive detection method, had great potential in various aspects of the whole diagnosis-treatment procedure. We went through the landmark articles according to liquid biopsy in the field of early-stage NSCLC management and concluded the status quo of it.

Results
In this review, we summarized the improvement of the detection technologies regarding the most widely studied biomarkers and elucidated the current clinical applications of liquid biopsy in early detection, prognostic performance assessment, and predictive value respectively, in early-stage NSCLC patients.

Conclusion
Liquid biopsy has achieved favorable outcomes in different aspects of early-stage NSCLC. Although there are still barriers yet to conquer, liquid biopsy is a hopeful detection means to be put into clinical use.
Evolution of government and market under China’s reform era: through the perspective of state capacity
Authors: Zhang Changdong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere are two main stream theories explaining China’s rapid economic development in the reform era: new institutionalism and developmental state theory. Realizing the weaknesses of two main stream theories and based on China’s unique experience as both a transitional economy and developing economy that experienced rapid industrialization and marketization, scholars also developed other theories with some revisions of the above two mainstream theories. While these theories have very different focuses, they agree on the importance of state capacity. The author argues that the Chinese Communist Party composes the institutional foundation of state capacities to promote economic growth and build market institutions, and discusses three important aspects of how party strength and state capacity helped the market transition, government restructuring and enterprise reform. The future challenges are discussed in the conclusion.
Surface chemistry of graphitic carbon nitride: doping and plasmonic effect, and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Babu Pradeepta , Park Hyewon , Park Jeong Young 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG7) of limiting global temperature rise to less than 1.5 °C, it is crucial to reduce non-renewable energy sources and curb the production of greenhouse gases like CO2. In this context, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a promising metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst for converting solar energy into clean fuels and valuable chemicals. However, there are challenges associated with g-C3N4, such as high electron–hole recombination, low photocurrent generation, limited specific surface area, and an absorption edge below 450 nm, which can be attributed to the arrangement of monomeric units. This review focuses on recent developments in designing single g-C3N4 as a metal-free catalyst through atomic-level doping and tuning surface chemical properties. Various doping techniques, including nonmetal and bi-nonmetal doping, as well as vacancy creation within the polymer framework and the effect of surface plasmonic nanoparticles, are explored as effective ways to fine-tune the polymer's conduction band (CB) edge potential, bandgap, and structural properties. The impact of doping and vacancy creation on the distribution of molecular orbitals, density of states (DOS), and adsorption energy on the polymer surface is investigated using computational calculations based on first principles and density functional theory (DFT). The review also examines the influence of doping on the photocatalytic reactions occurring in the polymer's CB, such as water splitting and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, and their selectivity in producing desired products. Last, the review summarizes the current challenges. It provides future perspectives on developing metal-free photocatalysts, emphasizing the need to address unresolved structural, electronic, chemical, and optical properties to advance sustainable solutions. Overall, it is hoped that this review will inspire further research to unlock the full potential of metal-free photocatalysts and contribute to a more sustainable future.
Graphical Abstract
A novel approach to correcting attribution of Clostridioides difficile in a healthcare setting
Authors: Doyle Hunter , Valek Abby L. , Murillo Theresa , Ayres Ashley M. , Slaughter Julie , Berg Madeline L. , Snyder Graham M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To describe a novel attribution metric estimating the causal source location of healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile and compare it with the current US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance reporting standard.

Design:
Quality improvement study.

Setting:
Two acute care facilities.

Methods:
A novel attribution metric assigned days of attribution to locations where patients were located for 14 days before and the day of their C. difficile diagnosis. We correlated the NHSN-assigned unit attribution with the novel attribution measure and compared the proportion of attribution assigned to inpatient units.

Results:
During a 30-month period, there were 727 NHSN C. difficile healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and 409 non-HAIs; the novel metric attributed 17,034 days. The correlation coefficients for NHSN and novel attributions among non-ICU units were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76–0.82) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.70–0.78) and among ICU units were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.63–0.76) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.60–0.77) at facilities A and B, respectively. The distribution of difference in percent attribution showed higher inpatient unit attribution using NHSN measure than the novel attribution metric: 38% of ICU units and 15% of non-ICU units in facility A, and 20% of ICU units and 25% of non-ICU units in facility B had a median difference >0; no inpatient units showed a greater attribution using the novel attribution metric.

Conclusion:
The novel attribution metric shifts attribution from inpatient units to other settings and correlates modestly with NHSN methodology of attribution. If validated, the attribution metric may more accurately target C. difficile reduction efforts.
Constitutional Courts Asking Questions: A Deliberative Potential of Preliminary Reference Mechanism
Authors: Pivoda Marek 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis Article interrogates the role of national constitutional courts within the Article 267 TFEU preliminary reference mechanism from both descriptive and normative angles. First, I demonstrate that although a clear majority of the constitutional courts submit references to the ECJ on a more frequent basis, differences in individual approaches remain significant. Subsequently, I argue that the core normative attractivity of the questions submitted in the course of domestic constitutional review lies in their participative and deliberative potential. Compared to ordinary courts, constitutional courts are better suited to amplify the ‘unheard’ voices of immobile EU citizens. By counterbalancing the demands of the EU's functional constitution, which is primarily based on the ideals of market capitalism, constitutional courts’ questions may contribute to the EU's capacity to generate legitimate decisions. Finally, I put my theoretical claims in context and analyse the main ways in which such deliberative potential can translate into practice.
Pandemic Effect on Healthcare Use and Death in Adults with Epilepsy: A Population Study
Authors: Vargas Maria Espinoza , Gershon Andrea S. , Pugliese Michael , Gotfrit Ryan Jason , Manuel Douglas , Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Stukel Therese A. , To Teresa , Kendall Claire E. , Thavorn Kednapa , Robillard Rebecca , Kendzerska Tetyana 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT:Objectives:We conducted a population-based study using Ontario health administrative data to describe trends in healthcare utilization and mortality in adults with epilepsy during the first pandemic year (March 2020–March 2021) compared to historical data (2016–2019). We also investigated if changes in outpatient visits and diagnostic testing during the first pandemic year were associated with increased risk for hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, or death.Methods:Projected monthly visit rates (per 100,000 people) for outpatient visits, electroencephalography, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, all-cause ED visits, hospitalizations, and mortality were calculated based on historical data by fitting monthly time series autoregressive integrated moving-average models. Two-way interactions were calculated using Quasi-Poisson models.Results:In adults with epilepsy during the first quarter of the pandemic, we demonstrated a reduction in all-cause outpatient visits, diagnostic testing, ED visits and hospitalizations, and a temporary increase in mortality (observed rates of 355.8 vs projected 308.8, 95% CI: 276.3–345.1). By the end of the year, outpatient visits increased (85,535.4 vs 76,620.6, 95% CI: 71,546.9–82,059.4), and most of the diagnostic test rates returned to the projected. The increase in the rate of all-cause mortality during the pandemic, compared to pre-pandemic, was greater during months with the lower frequency of diagnostic tests than months with higher frequency (interaction p-values <.0001).Conclusion:We described the impact of the pandemic on healthcare utilization and mortality in adults with epilepsy during the first year. We demonstrated that access to relevant diagnostic testing is likely important for this population while planning restrictions on non-urgent health services.
LOCAL SECTIONS OF ARITHMETIC FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OFp-ADIC CURVES
Authors: SAÏDI MOHAMED 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigatesectionsof the arithmetic fundamental group$\pi _1(X)$whereXis either asmooth affinoid p-adic curve, or aformal germ of a p-adic curve, and prove that they can be lifted (unconditionally) to sections of cuspidally abelian Galois groups. As a consequence, ifXadmits a compactificationY, and the exact sequence of$\pi _1(X)$ splits, then$\text {index} (Y)=1$. We also exhibit a necessary and sufficient condition for a section of$\pi _1(X)$to arise from arational pointofY. One of the key ingredients in our investigation is the fact, we prove in this paper in caseXis affinoid, that the Picard group ofXisfinite.
The Devil and Democracy in the Global South: Hugo Chávez's Transnational Populism
Authors: Simon Joshua , Parody Gina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this article, we argue that the speeches and policy documents from the later period of Hugo Chávez's presidency exemplify ‘transnational populism’, a form of populist discourse that defies the close association between populism and nationalism that frames the scholarly literatures on both populism and Chávez. We explain why Chávez's populism took this distinctive form by reference to the history of international political thought in Latin America and the political context surrounding the creation of the Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América (Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America, ALBA). We suggest that while transnational populism may actually amplify the threat that other scholars have argued populist leaders pose to democratic institutions, it also offers an important corrective to how scholars think about the relationship between populism, democracy and international politics, suggesting that international institutions capable of restraining powerful states are essential to stabilising democracies in the Global South.
Eleven vowels of Imilike Igbo including ATR and RTR schwa
Authors: Akinbo Samuel , Ozburn Avery , Nweya Gerald , Pulleyblank Douglas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the acoustics of vowels in the Imilike [ìmìlìkè] dialect of Igbo (Igboid, Niger-Congo), which has not previously been done. While Standard Igbo has eight vowels, previous auditorily-based research has identified eleven vowels in Imilike. Like Standard Igbo, Imilike contrasts vowels in Advanced/Retracted Tongue Root (ATR vs. RTR). We find that there are eleven vowels, distinguished most reliably by F1, B1, energy (dB) of voiced sound below 500Hz and duration. The results of this study also suggest that RTR vowels in Imilike might involve the laryngeal constriction and movement that accompany pharyngealization. The ATR and RTR schwas have similar phonological distribution and acoustic patterns as the other ATR and RTR vowels in the language.
Development of trait-specific genetic stocks derived from wild Cicer species as novel sources of resistance to important diseases for chickpea improvement
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Sharma Mamta 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow level of resistance to major diseases such as ascochyta blight (AB), botrytis grey mould (BGM) and dry root rot (DRR) in the cultivated chickpea genepool necessitates harnessing wild Cicer species. Sixty-eight accessions belonging to eight annual wild Cicer species and seven chickpea cultivars were screened for AB, BGM and DRR under controlled environmental conditions over the years. Intra-accession variability was observed among wild Cicer accessions for each disease. Hence, progenies of single resistant plants were selected for further evaluations and the trait-specific genetic stocks (TGS) were developed for each disease after re-screening following the single seed descent method. For AB, a high level of resistance was identified in four accessions belonging to tertiary genepool species, ICC 17334 (Cicer judaicum), ICC 17302, ICC 17308 and ICC 20177 (C. bijugum). Nine accessions, ICC 17160, ICC 17264, ICC 17270, ICC 20170, ICC 20186, ICC 20225, ICC 20247, ICC 20251 and IG 72941 of primary (C. reticulatum) and one accession, ICC 20190 of secondary (C. echinospermum) genepool species were resistant to BGM whereas, four accessions, ICC 20187 (C. reticulatum) and ICC 20218, ICC 20244 and ICC 20257 (C. echinospermum) were resistant to DRR. Development and utilization of these TGS in chickpea pre-breeding will assist in developing disease-resistant chickpea cultivars with broad genetic base.
Adjoint Inversion of Near‐Field Pressure Gauge Recordings for Rapid and Accurate Tsunami Source Characterization
Authors: Xie Yuqing , Mohanna Saeed , Meng Lingsen , Zhou Tong , Ho Tung‐Cheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe explore the potential of the adjoint‐state tsunami inversion method for rapid and accurate near‐field tsunami source characterization using S‐net, an array of ocean bottom pressure gauges. Compared to earthquake‐based methods, this method can obtain more accurate predictions for the initial water elevation of the tsunami source, including potential secondary sources, leading to accurate water height and wave run‐up predictions. Unlike finite‐fault tsunami source inversions, the adjoint method achieves high‐resolution results without requiring densely gridded Green's functions, reducing computation time. However, optimal results require a dense instrument network with sufficient azimuthal coverage. S‐net meets these requirements and reduces data collection time, facilitating the inversion and timely issuance of tsunami warnings. Since the method has not yet been applied to dense, near‐field data, we test it on synthetic waveforms of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, including triggered secondary sources. The results indicate that with a static source model without noise, using the first 5 min of the waveforms yields a favorable performance with an average accuracy score of 93%, and the largest error of predicted wave amplitudes ranges between −5.6 and 1.9 m. Using the first 20 min, secondary sources were clearly resolved. We also demonstrate the method's applicability using S‐net recordings of the 2016 Mw 6.9 Fukushima earthquake. The findings suggest that lower‐magnitude events require a longer waveform duration for accurate adjoint inversion. Moreover, the estimated stress drop obtained from inverting our obtained tsunami source, assuming uniform slip, aligns with estimations from recent studies.
Atypical cell death and insufficient matrix organization in long-bone growth plates from Tric-b-knockout mice
Authors: Ichimura Atsuhiko , Miyazaki Yuu , Nagatomo Hiroki , Kawabe Takaaki , Nakajima Nobuhisa , Kim Ga Eun , Tomizawa Masato , Okamoto Naoki , Komazaki Shinji , Kakizawa Sho , Nishi Miyuki , Takeshima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTRIC-A and TRIC-B proteins form homotrimeric cation-permeable channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear membranes and are thought to contribute to counterionic flux coupled with store Ca2+ release in various cell types. Serious mutations in the TRIC-B (also referred to as TMEM38B) locus cause autosomal recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is characterized by insufficient bone mineralization. We have reported that Tric-b-knockout mice can be used as an OI model; Tric-b deficiency deranges ER Ca2+ handling and thus reduces extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in osteoblasts, leading to poor mineralization. Here we report irregular cell death and insufficient ECM in long-bone growth plates from Tric-b-knockout embryos. In the knockout growth plate chondrocytes, excess pro-collagen fibers were occasionally accumulated in severely dilated ER elements. Of the major ER stress pathways, activated PERK/eIF2α (PKR-like ER kinase/ eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) signaling seemed to inordinately alter gene expression to induce apoptosis-related proteins including CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein) and caspase 12 in the knockout chondrocytes. Ca2+ imaging detected aberrant Ca2+ handling in the knockout chondrocytes; ER Ca2+ release was impaired, while cytoplasmic Ca2+ level was elevated. Our observations suggest that Tric-b deficiency directs growth plate chondrocytes to pro-apoptotic states by compromising cellular Ca2+-handling and exacerbating ER stress response, leading to impaired ECM synthesis and accidental cell death.
Epidemic graph diagrams as analytics for epidemic control in the data-rich era
Authors: Valdano Eugenio , Colombi Davide , Poletto Chiara , Colizza Vittoria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 highlighted modeling as a cornerstone of pandemic response. But it also revealed that current models may not fully exploit the high-resolution data on disease progression, epidemic surveillance and host behavior, now available. Take the epidemic threshold, which quantifies the spreading risk throughout epidemic emergence, mitigation, and control. Its use requires oversimplifying either disease or host contact dynamics. We introduce the epidemic graph diagrams to overcome this by computing the epidemic threshold directly from arbitrarily complex data on contacts, disease and interventions. A grammar of diagram operations allows to decompose, compare, simplify models with computational efficiency, extracting theoretical understanding. We use the diagrams to explain the emergence of resistant influenza variants in the 2007–2008 season, and demonstrate that neglecting non-infectious prodromic stages of sexually transmitted infections biases the predicted epidemic risk, compromising control. The diagrams are general, and improve our capacity to respond to present and future public health challenges.
An updated nuclear-physics and multi-messenger astrophysics framework for binary neutron star mergers
Authors: Pang Peter T. H. , Dietrich Tim , Coughlin Michael W. , Bulla Mattia , Tews Ingo , Almualla Mouza , Barna Tyler , Kiendrebeogo Ramodgwendé Weizmann , Kunert Nina , Mansingh Gargi , Reed Brandon , Sravan Niharika , Toivonen Andrew , Antier Sarah , VandenBerg Robert O. , Heinzel Jack , Nedora Vsevolod , Salehi Pouyan , Sharma Ritwik , Somasundaram Rahul , Van Den Broeck Chris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe multi-messenger detection of the gravitational-wave signal GW170817, the corresponding kilonova AT2017gfo and the short gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, as well as the observed afterglow has delivered a scientific breakthrough. For an accurate interpretation of all these different messengers, one requires robust theoretical models that describe the emitted gravitational-wave, the electromagnetic emission, and dense matter reliably. In addition, one needs efficient and accurate computational tools to ensure a correct cross-correlation between the models and the observational data. For this purpose, we have developed the Nuclear-physics and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics framework NMMA. The code allows incorporation of nuclear-physics constraints at low densities as well as X-ray and radio observations of isolated neutron stars. In previous works, the NMMA code has allowed us to constrain the equation of state of supranuclear dense matter, to measure the Hubble constant, and to compare dense-matter physics probed in neutron-star mergers and in heavy-ion collisions, and to classify electromagnetic observations and perform model selection. Here, we show an extension of the NMMA code as a first attempt of analyzing the gravitational-wave signal, the kilonova, and the gamma-ray burst afterglow simultaneously. Incorporating all available information, we estimate the radius of a 1.4M⊙ neutron star to be $$R=11.9{8}_{-0.40}^{+0.35}$$
R
=
11.9

8

−
0.40

+
0.35

km.
Full hardware implementation of neuromorphic visual system based on multimodal optoelectronic resistive memory arrays for versatile image processing
Authors: Zhou Guangdong , Li Jie , Song Qunliang , Wang Lidan , Ren Zhijun , Sun Bai , Hu Xiaofang , Wang Wenhua , Xu Gaobo , Chen Xiaodie , Cheng Lan , Zhou Feichi , Duan Shukai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn-sensor and near-sensor computing are becoming the next-generation computing paradigm for high-density and low-power sensory processing. To fulfil a high-density and efficient neuromorphic visual system with fully hierarchical emulation of the retina and visual cortex, emerging multimodal neuromorphic devices for multi-stage processing and a fully hardware-implemented system with versatile image processing functions are still lacking and highly desirable. Here we demonstrate an emerging multimodal-multifunctional resistive random-access memory (RRAM) device array based on modified silk fibroin protein (MSFP), exhibiting both optoelectronic RRAM (ORRAM) mode featured by unique negative and positive photoconductance memory and electrical RRAM (ERRAM) mode featured by analogue resistive switching. A full hardware implementation of the artificial visual system with versatile image processing functions is realised for the first time, including ORRAM mode array for the in-sensor image pre-processing (contrast enhancement, background denoising, feature extraction) and ERRAM mode array for near-sensor high-level image recognition, which hugely improves the integration density, and simply the circuit design and the fabrication and integration complexity.