bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft X-ray and FUV observations of Nova Her 2021 (V1674 Her) with AstroSat
Authors: Bhargava Yash , Dewangan Gulab Chand , Anupama G C , Kamath U S , Sonith L S , Singh Kulinder Pal , Drake J J , Beardmore A , Luna G J M , Orio M , Page K L 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Nova Her 2021 or V1674 Her was one of the fastest novae to be observed so far. We report here the results from our timing and spectral studies of the source observed at multiple epochs with AstroSat. We report the detection of a periodicity in the source in soft X-rays at a period of 501.4–501.5 s which was detected with high significance after the peak of the super-soft phase, but was not detected in the far ultraviolet (FUV) band of AstroSat. The shape of the phase-folded X-ray light curves has varied significantly as the nova evolved. The phase-resolved spectral studies reveal the likely presence of various absorption features in the soft X-ray band of 0.5–2 keV, and suggest that the optical depth of these absorption features may be marginally dependent on the pulse phase. Strong emission lines from Si, N, and O are detected in the FUV, and their strength declined continuously as the nova evolved and went through a bright X-ray state.
TGF-β and BMP signaling are associated with the transformation of glioblastoma to gliosarcoma and then osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Aiguo , Hancock John C , Quezado Martha , Ahn Susie , Briceno Nicole , Celiku Orieta , Ranjan Surabhi , Aboud Orwa , Colwell Nicole , Kim Sun A , Nduom Edjah , Kuhn Skyler , Park Deric M , Vera Elizabeth , Aldape Ken , Armstrong Terri S , Gilbert Mark R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Gliosarcoma, an isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDH-WT) variant of glioblastoma, is defined by clonal biphasic differentiation into gliomatous and sarcomatous components. While the transformation from a glioblastoma to gliosarcoma is uncommon, the subsequent transformation to osteosarcoma is rare but may provide additional insights into the biology of these typically distinct cancers. We observed a patient initially diagnosed with glioblastoma, that differentiated into gliosarcoma at recurrence, and further evolved to osteosarcoma at the second relapse. Our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression associated with this phenotypic transformation.

Methods
Tumor samples were collected at all 3 stages of disease and RNA sequencing was performed to capture their transcriptomic profiles. Sequential clonal evolution was confirmed by the maintenance of an identical PTEN mutation throughout the tumor differentiation using the TSO500 gene panel. Publicly available datasets and the Nanostring nCounter technology were used to validate the results.

Results
The glioblastoma tumor from this patient possessed mixed features of all 3 TCGA-defined transcriptomic subtypes of an IDH-WT glioblastoma and a proportion of osteosarcoma signatures were upregulated in the original tumor. Analysis showed that enhanced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein signaling was associated with tumor transformation. Regulatory network analysis revealed that TGF-β family signaling committed the lineage tumor to osteogenesis by stimulating the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of bone formation.

Conclusions
This unusual clinical case provided an opportunity to explore the modulators of longitudinal sarcomatous transformation, potentially uncovering markers indicating predisposition to this change and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Impact of ketogenic diet on cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zaghloul Mohamed S , Elizondo-Benedetto Santiago , Zayed Mohamed A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted to summarize the potential therapeutic and management roles of ketogenic diet (KD) for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Background
Consensus has not been reached on the optimal diet for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. KDs are characterized by high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and appropriate protein content, and have gained popularity in recent years in the management of various conditions, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Methods
Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses available in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were reviewed.

Results
The current body of preclinical and clinical evidence on the efficacy of KD in the management of CVD remains limited. Specific applications of KD seem to suggest a positive impact on management of CVD. However, conflicting results and a lack of precise molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action provide ample opportunity for future investigation.

Conclusion
More multidisciplinary studies are needed to determine the true clinical benefit of KD in the management of CVD and so justify its expanded clinical use.
Introduction to the Study of Digital Religion
Authors: Campbell Heidi A. , Cheong Pauline Hope 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the rise of digital religion studies as a unique area of inquiry into the influence of digital technologies on religious communities and how scholars have applied this approach in their research and the way that this has shaped the understanding of religious culture more broadly. While digital religion initially emerged as an area of conversation separately within media/internet studies and religious studies in the past decade, it has now become an interdisciplinary area of inquiry, engaging scholars from varied backgrounds and fields such as communication, media studies, religious studies, and the sociology of religion and theology. This chapter lays the context and groundwork necessary for understanding the ways in which digital media integration is not only impacting specific groups of religious users but is also shaping contemporary conceptions of religious belief, community, and meaning-making.
Global Justice and Economic and Social Rights
Authors: Lafont Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The protection of everyone’s economic and social rights is an essential component of any plausible theory of global justice. However, recent criticisms of the human rights project suggest that international human rights are not sufficiently ambitious or that they may be even detrimental to achieving global justice. This suspicion is supported by the fact that there has been a marked global increase in extreme inequality throughout the same period when states ratified more human rights treaties than ever before, including treaties that impose obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill the socioeconomic rights of their populations. Against these criticisms this chapter argues that the international human rights regime contains sufficiently ambitious normative standards to contribute to the achievement of global justice. However, in the context of a neoliberal global economic order, the state-centric allocation of human rights obligations tends to make human rights ineffectual in practice. On the basis of this diagnosis, the chapter analyzes recent developments in order to show that the human rights regime contains the necessary conceptual resources to overcome its state-centric limitations and that it can offer important normative support in the fight for global justice.
Illiberal Think Tanks
Authors: Jezierska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Think tanks, or organizations producing and disseminating policy knowledge to influence policymakers, are a given element of political systems around the globe. Depending on the national opportunity structure, think tanks take different forms. Individual think tanks usually represent a given ideological orientation or set of values. This chapter studies think tanks that align with the illiberal political agenda in Poland. These organizations, most of which self-identify as conservative, have played a significant role in the electoral success of Law and Justice, and after the party gained power, they have helped sustain the illiberal political orientation by providing the government with policy ideas and communicating policy decisions to the broader public domestically and abroad. Conservative think tanks form the intellectual infrastructure for the illiberal government, both proactively inspiring the illiberal agenda and reactively legitimizing it to external audiences. Benefiting from illiberal policymaking, they form the illiberal knowledge regime.
The Poetics of Indian Hip Hop
Authors: Cardozo Elloit 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the poetics of Indian rap and the role it plays in the dynamics of Indian Hip Hop at large vis-à-vis the Global Hip Hop Nation. It examines three texts: lyrics by Kolkata-based rapper EPR, paying close attention to the various rhyme tactics and poetic devices he deploys; a verse by Mumbai-based rapper DIVINE to understand how his use of Bambaiyya is evocative of an emerging poetics of Hip Hop Nation Language Varieties (HHNLVs) in India; and the lyrics of Delhi-based rapper Muhfaad, focusing particularly on his blending of African American literary traditions with Indian ones, as well as his use of profanity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the insights these rappers’ poetics give us into the larger cultural practice of Indian Hip Hop.
Machine Learning in Sociology
Authors: Garip Filiz , Macy Michael W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sociologists are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) for data-driven discovery and predictive modeling. ML methods help classify data, compute new measures, predict outcomes and events, make causal inferences, and collaborate within a common-task framework. Although predictive analytics has become a mainstay of public policy analysis and evaluation, the contributions of ML to theory building are less widely appreciated. ML-derived data classifications can reveal patterns that require a new theory, while predictive performance metrics can point to shortcomings of existing theory and motivate inductive theorizing. ML equips research analysts to venture outside the “general linear reality” of classical statistics and the deductive framing of much social science research. Both quantitative and qualitative sociologists also scrutinize ML applications by industry and government to reveal implications for distributive justice, social inequality, and algorithmic bias. In short, ML is now an integral part of sociological inquiry as a discovery-enabling analytical tool as well as a controversial object of study.
Analyzing Image Data with Machine Learning
Authors: Zhang Han 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Visual information such as images and videos is abundant in the digital age. However, visual data are currently underutilized in social science research. Previous sociological studies that rely on visual information as data either use qualitative interpretation or small-scale quantitative analysis, which is not suitable for large-scale datasets. This chapter first provides a historical overview of automated image analysis using computer vision. It then discusses the state-of-art deep learning algorithms and summarizes the two steps of using deep learning algorithms to automatically analyze large image datasets. It uses various publications using large-scale image datasets ranging from social media images, satellite and street view images, and historical archives to illustrate how automatic image analysis was carried out in recent research. Finally, the chapter discusses ways in which social scientists can better utilize visual information in their future research.
Machine Learning, Abduction, and Computational Ethnography
Authors: Brandt Philipp 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how interpretive work can reveal sociological discoveries in analyses using machine learning (ML). It proposes integrating ethnographic and quantitative research around a common concern with abduction. The chapter’s main section develops this computational ethnography approach across a series of examples, including computational analyses of historical and contemporary corpora, classic and recent network-analytic studies, and some of the newest ML techniques that are geared toward detecting sources of inequality. Despite technical and substantive differences, the studies’ empirical designs involve settings that resemble fields, in the ethnographic sense, more than representative samples and that reveal local meaning and locally meaningful actions. The chapter argues that this era’s challenges and opportunities call on researchers to cultivate and integrate technical skills, critical reflection on technological infrastructures, and sensitivity to surprising observations in light of existing theories.
Constitutional Identity and Nation Building
Authors: Hahm Chaihark 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While “constitutional identity” and “nation building” are both fluid terms susceptible to varying interpretations, this chapter shows that any analysis of one will inevitably lead to consideration of the other. Asia’s nation-building projects, which focused on economic development and political stability, often led to authoritarian constitutional politics. Constitutions were sometimes used to forge a nation by enshrining an official religion or language. Some constitutional entrenchments went further to preclude any change to the nation’s government form or underlying ideology. Asia also includes many instances in which drafting a constitution was a process for delineating the membership boundary of the nation. In addition to exploring the relationship between “constitutional identity” and “nation building,” this chapter discusses how Asian states’ so-called communitarian cultural traditions affect their constitutional identity. The chapter ends by suggesting the need for acknowledging the possibility of multiple constitutional identities within one state.
The Politics of Judicial Review
Authors: Dressel Björn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Constitutional review has expanded in Asia over the last two decades, yet observers find the uneven performance of courts there in high-profile constitutional cases puzzling, to the point that the theoretical reach of current models of judicial behavior to Asian settings is being questioned. Starting with a critical review of previous scholarship on constitutional review in the region before turning attention to scholarly contributions that highlight how both law and politics work to determine judicial roles, this chapter argues that a concern with formal institutional roles alone is not sufficient to explain how courts deal with constitutional matters in countries where the law is not as institutionalized as in Western democracies. Instead redirecting attention to how judges regularly mediate, or straddle, the demands imposed by law, politics, and day-to-day relationships, this chapter suggests a contextually grounded informal-relational perspective to advance our understanding of constitutional review and judicial politics in Asia.
Genome Editing of Plant Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes
Authors: Arimura Shin-ichi , Nakazato Issei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Plastids (including chloroplasts) and mitochondria are remnants of endosymbiotic bacteria, yet they maintain their own genomes, which encode vital components for photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. Organellar genomes have distinctive features, such as being present as multicopies, being mostly inherited maternally, having characteristic genomic structures and undergoing frequent homologous recombination. To date, it has proven to be challenging to modify these genomes. For example, while CRISPR/Cas9 is a widely used system for editing nuclear genes, it has not yet been successfully applied to organellar genomes. Recently, however, precise gene-editing technologies have been successfully applied to organellar genomes. Protein-based enzymes, especially transcription activator–like effector nucleases (TALENs) and artificial enzymes utilizing DNA-binding domains of TALENs (TALEs), have been successfully used to modify these genomes by harnessing organellar-targeting signals. This short review introduces and discusses the use of targeted nucleases and base editors in organellar genomes, their effects and their potential applications in plant science and breeding.
Environmental problem shifting from climate change mitigation: A mapping review
Authors: Wood Hansen Oskar , van den Bergh Jeroen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractClimate change mitigation will trigger major changes in human activity, energy systems, and material use, potentially shifting pressure from climate change to other environmental problems. We provide a comprehensive overview of such “environmental problem shifting” (EPS). While there is considerable research on this issue, studies are scattered across research fields and use a wide range of terms with blurred conceptual boundaries, such as trade-off, side effect, and spillover. We identify 506 relevant studies on EPS of which 311 are empirical, 47 are conceptual–theoretical, and 148 are synthetic studies or reviews of a particular mitigation option. A systematic mapping of the empirical studies reveals 128 distinct shifts from 22 categories of mitigation options to 10 environmental impacts. A comparison with the recent IPCC report indicates that EPS literature does not cover all mitigation options. Moreover, some studies systematically overestimate EPS by not accounting for the environmental benefits of reduced climate change. We propose to conceptually clarify the different ways of estimating EPS by distinguishing between gross, net, and relative shifting. Finally, the ubiquity of EPS calls for policy design which ensures climate change mitigation that minimizes unsustainability across multiple environmental dimensions. To achieve this, policymakers can regulate mitigation options—for example, in their choice of technology or location—and implement complementary environmental policies.
Standard Essential Patents: Returning to the Basics on Unwired v Huawei
Authors: Prakash Patra Soumya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Standard essential patents have become an extremely crucial element in developing modern technologies and standardization processes. This article examines the importance of standardization and standard essential patents in developing technologies and their effect on the legal jurisprudential environment. The introduction emphasizes the role of standardization in promoting the adoption of various essential technologies. Additionally, it focuses on the significance of standard essential patents that safeguard the technologies underlying such standards. The discussion delves into a particular legal case involving Unwired Planet’s licensing campaign for standard essential patents in the communication industry, emphasizing the judgments handed down by the UK Supreme Court. The analysis further investigates critical issues involved in the decision, such as jurisdiction over global licensing, non-discrimination under fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms, and the flexibility of fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory negotiations. The UK Supreme Court’s ruling clarifies maintaining a proper equilibrium between the interests of SEP holders and encouraging fair and reasonable licensing practices.
The microRNA7833-AUX6 module plays a critical role in wood development by modulating cellular auxin influx in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Xie Haiyan , Ye Xiao , Liu Chang , Li Dan , Wang Xianqiang , Xu Changzheng , Li Caofeng , Luo Keming , Fan Di , Wu Nengbiao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The critical role of auxin on secondary vascular development in woody plants has been demonstrated. The concentration gradient of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to the auxin-directed vascular organization and wood growth have been uncovered in recent decades. However, our understanding of the roles and regulations of auxin influx in wood formation in trees remains limited. Here, we reported that a microRNA, miR7833, participates in the negative regulation of stem cambial cell division and secondary xylem development in Populus tomentosa. The miR7833 is mainly expressed in the vascular cambium during stem radical growth and specifically targets and represses two AUX/LAX family auxin influx carriers, AUX5 and AUX6, in poplar. We further revealed that poplar AUX6, the most abundant miR7833 target in the stem, is preferentially enriched in the developing xylem and is a positive regulator for cell division and differentiation events during wood formation. Moreover, inhibition of auxin influx carriers by 1-naphthoxyacetic acids abolished the regulatory effects of miR7833 and AUX6 on secondary xylem formation in poplar. Our results revealed the essential roles of the miR7833-AUX6 module in regulating cellular events in secondary xylem development and demonstrated an auxin influx-dependent mechanism for wood formation in poplar.
A Detailed Analysis of Cardiac Rehabilitation on 180-Day All-Cause Hospital Readmission and Mortality
Authors: Duscha Brian D. , Ross Leanna M. , Hoselton Andrew L. , Piner Lucy W. , Pieper Carl F. , Kraus William E. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is endorsed for coronary artery disease (CAD), but studies report inconsistent findings regarding efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine whether confounding factors, potentially contributing to these heterogeneous findings, impact the effect of CR on all-cause readmission and mortality.

Methods:
Patients (n = 2641) with CAD, CR eligible, and physically able were identified. Electronic medical records were inspected individually for each patient to extract demographic, clinical characteristic, readmission, and mortality information. Patients (n = 214) attended ≥1 CR session (CR group). Survival was considered free from: all-cause readmission; or composite outcome of all-cause readmission or death. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and discharge criteria, were used to determine HR with 95% CI and to compare 180-d survival rates between the CR and no-CR groups.

Results:
During 180 d of follow-up, 12.1% and 18.7% of the CR and non-CR patients were readmitted to the hospital. There was one death (0.5%) in the CR group, while 98 deaths (4.0%) occurred in the non-CR group. After adjustment for age, sex, race, depression, anxiety, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, smoking, type 2 diabetes, and discharge criteria, the final model revealed a significant 42.7% reduction in readmission or mortality risk for patients who attended CR (HR = 0.57: 95% CI, 0.33-0.98; P = .043).

Conclusions:
Regardless of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and cardiovascular discharge criteria, the risk of 180-d all-cause readmission or death was markedly decreased in patients who attended CR compared with those who did not.