bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mss4
Authors: Burton Janet , DeCamilli Pietro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mss4 was originally identified in a genetic screen as a mammalian suppressor of the yeast secretory mutant sec4- 8, which contains a point mutation in the Sec4 protein (Burton et al. 1993). The goal of the study was to identify mammalian proteins involved in exocytosis that have been conserved in evolution using yeast genetics. Rat brain cDNAs were expressed in yeast using the expression vector pVT102U and Mss4 was isolated by its ability to restore growth to the sec4-8 strain at the restrictive temperature of 37°C (Fig. 1). The nucleotide sequence of Mss4 is shown in Fig. 2. The GenBank accession number is L10336.
Rabphilin-3A
Authors: Shirataki Hiromichi , Kaibuchi Kozo , Takai Yoshimi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rabphilin-3A was purified from bovine brain and its cDNA was cloned based on the amino acid sequences from a bovine brain cDNA library (Shirataki etal. 1992, 1993). The nucleotide sequence of bovine rabphilin-3A and its deduced amino acid sequence are shown in Fig. 1. The GenBank accession number is D13613.
Ypt6p
Authors: Hengst Ludger , Grabowski Reiner , Gallwitz Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
YPT6 was identified and cloned using the fission yeast ryh 1 gene (Hengst et al. 1990) as hybridization probe. In contrast to its fission yeast homologue, the protein-coding region of YPT6 is continuous. The DNA sequence of YPT6 (Hengst et al., in preparation) is shown in Fig. 1. The GenBank accession number is X59598.
Ypt7p
Authors: Scheglmann Dietrich , Gallwitz Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The YPT7 gene was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification using genomic DNA and degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to the sequences GVGKS/T and QIWDTAGQ conserved in Ypt/Rab proteins (Wichmann et al. 1992). The reading frame of YPT7 is continuous, the sequence of the gene (Wichmann et al. 1992) is shown in Fig. 1. The GenBank accession number isX68144.
Dss4p
Authors: Roberts Denise , Novick Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DSS4-1 suppresses the growth defect, the block in invertase secretion, and the accumulation of 100-nm secretory vesicles seen in sec4-8 cells at the restrictive temperature (Moya et al. 1993). Suppression is seen at 35°C, but not at 37°C whether DSS4-1 is present in single copy or overexpressed. DSS4-1 cannot suppress a deletion of SEC4 and cannot suppress the growth defect of ypt1-1. DSS4-1 has no effect on wild-type SEC4 cells.
Gyp6p (Ypt6-GAP)
Authors: Strom Molly , Vollmer Petra , Gallwitz Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The GYP6 gene from S. cerevisiae encoding a GTPase activating protein was isolated by screening a yeast multi-copy genomic library for overexpression of the gene product. The DNA sequence is shown in Fig. 1. The EMBL accession number is X68506.
Arf1
Authors: Kahn Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bovine ARF1 was cloned by screening a bovine adrenal chromaffin cDNA library with an oligonucleotide probe, derived from partial protein sequencing of purified bovine brain ARF (Sewell and Kahn 1988; accession number J03275). The bovine clone was then used as a probe to obtain genomic yeast {Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sewell and Kahn 1988; accession number P11076) and human (Bobak et al. 1989; Peng et al. 1989; accession number P32889/P10947) ARF1 cDNA clones.
Arf4
Authors: Kahn Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ARF4 was cloned independently by two different laboratories and was originally given the name human ARF2, as it was the second human ARFcloned. This was later changed to ARF4 in case a human homologue of bovine ARF2 was discovered. A functional screen for genes that would promote the secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by a human adrenal cortical carcinoma cell line dependent on this growth factor for growth in soft agar led to the isolation of a human ARF4 cDNA (Kahn et al.
1991). Human ARF4 cDNA (accession number P21371) was previously obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after initially cloning an ARF4 pseudogene (Monaco etal. 1990).
ArL3
Authors: Kahn Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The partial cDNA sequence was first reported as one of many expressed sequence tags (EST) by Adams, et al (Adams et al. 1992; accession number M85466) as clone HFBCI57. Both strands of this clone were fully sequenced and 5’ RACE was performed to obtain the full-length open reading frame (Cavenagh etal. 1994). A rat homologue of ARL3 was obtained independently by workers in the laboratory of Dr Hans Joost (Cavenagh et al. 1994).
CD40 Ligand (CD40L)
Authors: Armitage R J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CD40 is a 50 kDa type I glycoprotein which is a member of the TNF receptor (TNFR) family. This group of related molecules includes both p60 and p80 forms of TNFR, the T cell activation antigens OX40, 4-1BB, CD27 and CD30, Fas antigen and a Shope fibroma virus-encoded TNFR homologue (Mallett and Barclay 1991). CD40 is expressed on B cells, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelium, mast cells, monocytes and some carcinomas (Clark 1990; Galy and Spits 1992; Alderson et al. 1993). Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for CD40 induce a range of biological activities on human B cells including the induction of homotypic adhesion, short- and long-term proliferation in concert with various costimuli, production of lgE in the presence of IL-4 and production of other lg isotypes with IL-2 or IL-10 (Armitage et al. 1993a). In addition, ligation with CD40 mAb prevents the spontaneous apoptosis of germinal centre B cells in vitro (Liu et al. 1989). Murine and human ligands for CD40 have been identified and cloned.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Walker F , Burgess A W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequences have been determined for the human EGFR (GenBank accession No X00588), human c-neu (GenBank accession No X03363), human EGFR B3 (HER3, Genbank accession No M29366) and human EGFR B4 (GenBank accession No L07868). Partial sequence information is available for the mouse and chicken EGFRs (Avivi eta/. 1991).
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs)
Authors: Vainikka S , Mustonen T , Alitalo K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first characterized members of the FGF family were aFGF and bFGF, which were purified as mitogens for fibroblasts from bovine pituitary.The lnt-2 oncogene was identified as a gene activated by mouse mammary tumour virus insertion. K-FGF and FGFS genes were identified by their ability to transform NIH 3T3 cells and FGF-6 was discovered because of its homology with the K-FGF/hst-1 gene. KGF was purified and cloned as a mitogen for cultured keratinocytes (see Burgess and Maciag 1989; Basilico and Moscatelli 1992), AIGF as an androgen-induced growth factor from the conditioned medium of a mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (Tanaka eta/. 1992) and GAF from the culture supernatant of a human glioma cell line (Miyamoto et al. 1993). A great advantage in the purification of FGFs has been their affinity for heparin.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptors
Authors: Park J E , Ferrara N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two tyrosine kinases have been recently identified as putative VEGF receptors (deVries et al. 1992; Terman et al. 1992a). The flt-1 (fms-like-tyrosine kinase; Shibuya et al. 1990) and KOR (kinase domain region; Terman et al. 1991) proteins have been shown to bind VEGF with high affinity. The overall amino acid sequence identity between the two proteins is 44 per cent. The murine homologue of KOR has been named flk-1 (fetal liver kinase; Matthews et al. 1991) and shares 85 per cent sequence identity with human KOR. For simplicity, the two receptors will be referred to as KOR/flk-1. Flt-1 and KOR/flk-1 each have a single hydrophobic leader peptide, a single transmembrane domain, seven immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular domain, and a consensus tyrosine kinase sequence which is interrupted by a kinase-insert domain. Flt-1 and KDR share 30 per cent sequence identity with c-fms, a known tyrosine kinase receptor for M-CSF (CSF-1).
Escherichia coli DnaK
Authors: Buchberger A , Bukau B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dnaK gene is the promoter proximal gene of the dnaK dnaJ operon located at 0.3 minutes on the E. coli map. The nucleotide sequence of E. coli dnaK (GenBank accession number K01298 for strain K12; DDBJ accession number D10765 for strain B) encodes a 69-kDa protein of 638 residues (Bardwell, Craig, 1984). The N-terminal formylmethionine is cleaved off in vivo.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ssa proteins
Authors: Ziegelhoffer T , Craig E A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The SSA1-4 genes (initially known as YG100, YG102, YG106, YG107, respectively) were isolated by virtue of their high degree of homology to Drosophila HSP70 genes (Ingolia etal., 1982).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kar2p
Authors: Craig E A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The KAR2 gene was isolated initially in a selection for karyogamy (nuclear fusion) defective mutants in yeast (Polaina, Conde, 1982; Rose et al., 1989). Subsequent to the original genetic identification, KAR2 was identified independently by several laboratories using DNA probes homologous to HSP70 (Craig et al., 1987; Normington etal., 1989; Nicholson etal., 1990).
Plant BiP proteins
Authors: Gillikin J W , Boston R S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
b-70 (Galante et al., 1983), luminal binding protein (Denecke etal., 1991). Plant BiP was originally purified from maize kernels using procedures that employed ATP-agarose affinity chromatography (Fontes et al., 1991; Marocco et al., 1991). Analysis of affinity purified protein by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of three polypeptides (Fontes et al., 1991). However, only two of these cross-react with anti-HDEL antibody (Boston et al., 1991) .
Drosophila melanogaster Hsc3p
Authors: Rubin A , Palter K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nucleotide sequence for Drosophila HSC3 (Rubin et al., 1993) was determined from both genomic, larval cDNA clones (GenBank accession numbers L01498, L01499). The genomic clone was shown to contain introns of 1.98, 0.37 kb. The cDNA has a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1968 bp that would encode a protein of 656 amino acids, including an 18-residue N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, a C-terminal retrieval tetrapeptide, KDEL (Rubin et al., 1993).
Fish HSP70 proteins
Authors: Hightower L E , Ryan J A , Norris C E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fish Hsp70s were originally identified as proteins induced in cultured fish cells by exposure to heat, heavy metal ions or sodium arsenite. Initial biochemical characterizations were done using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Heikkila et al., 1982; Kothary, Candido, 1982).
Mammalian BiP
Authors: Gething M -J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of BiP cDNAs cloned from mammalian species (Munro, Pelham, 1986; Ting etal., 1987; Ting, Lee, 1988; Kozutsumi et al., 1989) (GenBank accession numbers M19645, M17169) predict a protein of 635 amino acids that includes an 18-residue N-terminal signal sequence,, a C-terminal tetrapeptide (Lys-Asp-Glu—Leu or KDEL) required for retrieval of BiP molecules that leave the ER (Pelham, 1989). Clusters of acidic amino acids, thought to be involved in the low affinity, high capacity Ca2+-binding activity of the molecule (Macer, Koch, 1988), are found at both the N-, C-termini of the molecule.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sse1, Sse2 proteins
Authors: Mukai H , Shuntoh H , Kuno T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Complementary DNAs encoding Sse1, Sse2 proteins were isolated from a S. cerevisiae expression library using antisera made against a yeast calmodulin-binding fraction (Mukai etal., 1993). The SSE1 gene was also isolated as a multicopy suppressor of the heat shock-sensitive phenotype of the ira1 mutation, which causes hyperactivation of the RAS-cAMP pathway (Shirayama et al., 1993).
The sea urchin egg receptor for sperm
Authors: Stears R L , Just, M L , Lennarz WJ 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A 70 kDa glycoprotein fragment of the egg receptor for sperm was isolated by endolysyl proteinase C digestion of dejellied Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs, followed by DEAE, gel exclusion chromatography. The receptor glycoprotein fragment was detected by its ability to inhibit fertilization in competitive fertilization bioassays (Foltz, Lennarz, 1990). A polyclonal antibody generated against the 70 kDa fragment was used to screen an ovary/oocyte expression cDNA library in order to clone the receptor (Foltz et al., 1993).
Mammalian Hsp70h
Authors: Dyer K D , Rosenberg H F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
hsp70RY (Fathallah et al., 1993, Dyer, Rosenberg, 1994, Lee-Yoon etal., 1995) The cDNA encoding Hsp70h was isolated from a human EBV-transformed B cell cDNA library using a CD18-derived cDNA probe (Fathallah et al., 1993). The open reading frame was later confirmed, further characterized by Dyer, Rosenberg (1994).
Escherichia coli DnaJ
Authors: Wawrzynow A , Zylicz M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dnaJ gene is located in an operon with dnaK at 0.3 minutes on the E. coli genetic map (Georgopoulos et al., 1994). The nucleotide sequence of the dnaJ gene (GenBank accession number M12565) predicts a protein of 375 amino acids (Bardwell et al., 1986; Ohki et al., 1986), which is highly homologous to DnaJ-like proteins from the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
Escherichia coli RcsG
Authors: Kelley W L , Georgopoulos C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
RcsG has also been isolated as DjIA (Clarke et al., 1966), a multicopy suppressor conferring resistance to the anticalmodulin drug, W7. Two bacterial genes having significant homology to rcsG have also been described. The gene mucZ (GenBank accession numbers L42518, P44607) of Coxiella burnetti shows 42% amino acid identity to rcsG, and, when present in a multicopy vector, it confers mucoidy upon the E. coli host. Preliminary characterization of C. burnetti mucZ in E. coli suggests that it may indeed encode a functional homolog of RcsG as it can positively stimulate the cps operon, requires DnaK, GrpE for this activity (Zuber et al., 1995).
DnaJ-like proteins from leek: Ldj1, Ldj2
Authors: Bessoule J -J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Four different Dna J proteins have been reported in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (for review see Silver, Way, 1993); in plant cells, only proteins homologous to one of them (Ydj1) have been described: Anj1 (see previous entry, p. 112), LdJ1, Ldj2, Csdna J1, Atj2 from Atriplex nummularia. Allium porrum, Cucumis sativus, Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively (Bessoule, 1993; Preisig- Muller, Kindi, 1993; Zhu et al., 1993a; Bessoule et al.
Human neurone-specific Hsj1 proteins
Authors: Cheetham M E , Tighe M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human neurone-specific DnaJ-like proteins Hsj1 proteins were initially identified by immunoscreening an Alzheimer’s disease brain expression cDNA library using a polyclonal antiserum raised to a preparation of paired helical filaments (PHF), one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. However, to date we have been unable to confirm the association of Hsjl proteins with PHF (Cheetham etal., 1992).
The GrpE family of proteins — an overview
Authors: Deloche O , Ang D , Georgopoulos C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The E. coli grpE gene was first identified by Saito, Uchida (1977) in a massive mutant hunt, designed to identify genes whose products are essential for bacteriophage A replication. The particular selection employed was bacterial survival at 42°C in a lysogenic strain that carried a thermolabile Ad857 repressor. The grpE280 mutation was thereby isolated, defining the grpE gene (Saito, Uchida, 1977). Other prokaryotic grpE-Wke genes were identified as being part of the dnaK operon (Wetzstein, Schumann, 1990). A grpE gene has also been detected in Methanosarcina mazei as being part of the dnaK operon (Conway de Macario etal., 1994).
Escherichia coli HtpG
Authors: Jakob U , Bardwell J C A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
htpG was originally isolated based on hybridization to Drosophila hsp90 probes (Bardwell and Craig, 1987). htpG is located at 10.7 minutes on the E. coli chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of htpG (GenBank accession number M38777) predicts a protein that shares 40% amino acid identity with the eukaryotic members of the HSP90 family (Bardwell and Craig, 1987).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp90
Authors: Kimura Y , Lindquist S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The HSP90 gene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of two members, HSC82 (GenBank accession number M26044), HSP82 (GenBank accession number K01387) (Farrelly, Finkelstein, 1984; Borkovich et al., 1989). The genes encode products that are 97% identical to each other at the amino acid level, share 62% amino acid identity with human Hsp90. Although the genes are regulated differently, the Hsp82, Hsc82 proteins appear to have interchangeable functions (Borkovich et al., 1989).
Bacteriophage T4 Gp31 protein
Authors: Vies S M van der 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the bacteriophage-encoded gene 31 (GenBank accession numbers M34502, X17657, X54536, M37882) predicts a polypeptide of 111 amino acids, with a calculated Mr of 12 064 daltons, a pl of 4.88 (Nivinskas, Black, 1988; Keppel et al., 1990; Prilipov, et al., 1990; Raudonikiene, Nivinskas, 1990).
Diacylglycerol kinase
Authors: Celio Marco R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) reverses the normal flow of phospholipid biosynthesis by phosphory/ating diacylglycerol back to phosphatidic acid. DGK consists of a number of isozymes with different enzymological properties. The three isozymes so far sequenced, however, share highly conserved regions including two sets each of EF-hand and zinc finger structures. Despite structural similarities these isozymes are expressed markedly differently, depending on the cell types.
Grancalcin
Authors: Celio Marco R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Grancalcin is a 28 kDa EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein abundant in neutrophils and monocytes, and also present in Band T lymphocytes and the promyelocytic eel/ line HL60s. It is a cytoso/ic protein, but displays a Ca2+-dependent translocation to the granules and plasma membrane of neutrophils, suggesting that it might play an effector role in the specialized function of these cells.
Parvalbumin
Authors: Celio Marco R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Parvalbumin (PV) is a soluble Ca2+-binding protein found at highest concentration in fast contracting/re/axing muscle fibers of vertebrates. In the muscle PV is believed to facilitate the transfer of Ca2+from the myofibrils to the sarcop/asmic reticulum. PV is also found in certain neurons and subpopulations of cells in endocrine glands where its function has not been established.
Reticulocalbin
Authors: Celio Marco R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reticulocalbin (RCN) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident Ca2+-binding protein with six ff-hand motifs. In mouse and human it shows a ubiquitous expression pattern. Its hypothetical function in cells includes the regulation of Ca2+-dependent activities in the lumen of the ER or post-ER compartment.
Troponin C
Authors: Celio Marco R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Troponin C (TnC) is an EF-hand Cal+-binding protein that is a constitutive subunit of the troponin complex on the thin filament of striated muscle. Cyclic binding and release of Cal• from the N-terminal Cal•-binding sites of TnC regulates muscle contraction. There are two isoforms of TnC (see Fig. 1); one is expressed in fast skeletal muscle (sTnC), while another is expressed in cardiac and slow skeletal muscle (cTnC) (for reviews see Leavis and Gergely 1984; Collins 1991; Gergely et al. 1993). The molecular weights of human sTnC and cTnC are 18,102 and 18,382, respectively, with isoelectric points between 4.1 and 4.6. Troponin C, together with troponin I (Tnl) and troponin T (TnT), form the heterotrimer troponin complex which is bound to the thin filament of striated muscle near the overlap region between adjacent tropomyosin dimers.
Calmegin
Authors: Celio Marco R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Calmegin is a cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein abundant in specific stages of the development of male germ cells. Hypothetical functions in germ cells include Ca2+storage and molecular chaperoning. Mouse calmegin has a calculated molecular mass of 69 kDa, migrates on SOS-gels with an apparent molecular mass of 93 kDa and has an isoelectric point of 5.2. Calmegin has two sets of highly conserved repetitive amino acid sequences. One of them consists of four repeats of IPDPSAVKPEDWDD, and the other consists of four repeats of GEWXPPMIPNPXYQ. These repetitive sequences are also conserved in calnexin and calreticulin. Calmegin does not have domains containing EF-hand motifs.
Streptolysin (Streptococcus pyogenes)
Authors: Bhakdi S , Kehoe M , Valeva A , Weller U , Palmer M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Streptolysin O (SLO) is produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. It belongs to the group of thiol-activated toxins, a large family of homologous cytolysins which are secreted by gram-positive bacteria and share extensive homology (Alouf and Geoffroy 1991). All of these toxins bind to cell membranes containing cholesterol and then polymerize to form pores of up to 35 nm diameter (Bhakdi et al. 1985). The largest stretch of homology among all known thiol-activated toxins is situated about 40 amino acids upstream of the (-terminus and contains the single cysteine residue of the molecule. Chemical modification of this cysteine residue abrogates the ability of the toxins to bind to cell membranes (Iwamoto et al. 1987); thus the (-terminus plays an essential role in binding. At present, no other features of toxin function could be clearly assigned to parts of the protein sequence. The SLO gene has been cloned and sequenced (Kehoe et al. 1987; data bank accession numbers: M18638, P21131).
Cholera toxin (Vibrio cholerae)
Authors: Pizza M , Fontana M R , Rappuoli R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CT is composed of two subunits, A and B, of 27 and 57.5 kDa respectively, held together by noncovalent interactions. The B subunit which contains the receptor binding site, is formed by five identical monomers, each of 11.5 kDa which assemble into a ring like oligomeric structure having a central hole. The CT receptor is the glycosfingolipid, GM1 ganglioside. The A subunit is composed of the enzymatically active A1 domain that is connected to the B subunit through the A2 domain, a long alpha helix inserted into the central hole of the B subunit (Fig. 1) (Rappuoli and Pizza 1991; Sixma et al. 1991a; Sixma et al. 1993; Merritt et al. 1994).
Heat-labile enterotoxins (Escherichia coli)
Authors: Holmes R K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The structure, function, and role in disease of the heatlabile enterotoxins (LT) of Escherichia coli have been recently reviewed (Hirst 1995; Hol et al. 1995; Holmes et al. 1995). Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) that cause acute diarrhea in humans and animals produce plasmid¬ encoded LT-I, heat-stable toxin (ST), or both. ETEC from pigs and humans produce different antigenic variants of LT-I, respectively called LTp-I and LTh-1. LT-II-producing ETEC are isolated from animals and food but rarely from humans, and they have not yet been shown to cause diarrheal disease. Two antigenic variants of LT-II, designated LT-Ila and LT-llb have been characterized. A comparative analysis of database entries for the amino acid sequences of the A and B polypeptides of the recognized LT-I, LT-II, and CT variants, including correction of known errors in the published sequences, was recently reported (Domenighini et al. 1995). Original sources for the nucleotide sequences of genes that encode these toxins are cited in the same publication.