bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccines with a shot of diplomacy: An analysis of the dynamics of power play between India and China
Authors: Dhillon Zyna 
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to portray the strategic usage of vaccine diplomacy by India and China in their efforts for regional and global supremacy.The paper begins with an analysis of power and its types as well as the ways in which it manifests itself in the real world. This is followed by an evaluation of vaccine diplomacy as a soft power and what distinguishes it from other forms of soft power. The paper then segues into a comparative analysis on India and China, with comparisons being made across the following metrics: outreach and quantum of vaccines donated, the conditionality of vaccines, diplomatic incentives and limitations faced in donating vaccines.There is no clear winner in the battle. China trumps over India in terms of outreach but India’s outreach donates vaccines while China sells them. The winner might not be clear but the path that India takes now may determine its future. 1. India must inoculate its domestic population. 2. India must revamp its vaccination program with assistance from its Quad allies. 3. India must begin locally albeit with an aim to go global. 4. India should either drastically subsidize all its vaccines or increase the proportion of vaccines donated for free vis a vis those sold commercially. 5. India must attempt to make inroads in countries where the efficacy of China’s vaccines came under question. 6. India must try to take pre-emptive action to begin research on diseases predicted to rise with the insurgence of climate change. As long as a pathogen exists, some one or the other will hold a monopoly on its vaccine and vaccines will continue to be served with a shot of diplomacy.
Modeling China&apos;s Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the Initial Period of Economic Reforms
Authors: Zulkarnay Ildar 
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of inter-budgetary relations in China between the central government and the provinces in the initial period of economic reforms from the point of view of stimulating governments of different levels to develop the economy on their territory. A methodology has been developed for modeling the six main schemes of inter-budgetary relations used at that time. Computer modeling was carried out in the agent-oriented NetLogo language, although the models themselves in this work are not fully agent-oriented, but only simulation. Emulation experiments were carried out. The model representation of inter-budgetary relations makes it possible to reflect the dynamics of changes in regional incentives to increase their tax revenues, as well as to assess the degree of influence of these incentives on the calculated consolidated budget. The results obtained allow us to talk about which of the six schemes is most suitable for a certain region with its introductory parameters in order to maximize the target function being set, whether it is consolidated, federal or regional budgets. The Chinese experience of budget stimulation of economic growth of provinces can be used in Russia, and the modeling methodology developed in the article can be applied to analyze the most effective schemes of budget stimulation in our country. Solving this problem at the level of intergovermental fiscal relations within regions and within municipalities of the country will require the use of already large computing capacities provided by supercomputers.
Summary of the Results of the All-Russian Competition «Best Simulation Model 2023»
Authors: Evdokimov Dmitry 
Published: November 2023

On the eve of the 60th anniversary of CEMI RAS, the All-Russian competition «Modeling of socio-economic processes for public administration tasks» was held, the media name was «The Best Simulation Model of Russia 2023». The key goal of the competition was to identify the most interesting developments in the field of mathematical and computer modeling, to provide an opportunity to get acquainted with other developers within the framework of the anniversary conference, as well as to determine the circle of research teams – leaders in this field and to create a package of proposals for practical application and increasing the efficiency of public management decisions based on a scientific evidence base and multi-parametric comprehensive assessments of the socio-economic development of Russia.
The competition was held for Russian specialists, but an increase in views was also recorded from other countries of the world. The geography of applications turned out to be large-scale – from Anapa to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. More than 15 cities and regions of the Russian Federation. More than 7,000 unique users from 12 countries around the world showed interest in the competition using various Internet resources and instant messengers.
Summing up the results of the competition and the award ceremony in four categories and two special categories took place within the framework of the V International Conference «Artificial Societies and Information Technologies» at the CEMI RAS site on September 25, 2023.
Environmental disclosure, governance score, and tax avoidance: Evidence from Indonesian energy sector companies
Authors: Cahyati Ari Dewi , Lestari Tri , Mulyasari Windu , Idriana Ina 
Published: November 2023

The goal of the study was to determine how corporate governance (CG) influences tax avoidance, how environmental disclosure (ED) influences tax avoidance, and how CG functions as a moderator for the impact of ED on tax avoidance. Between 2018 and 2021, we conducted 184 observations on 46 energy-related enterprises. The sample technique employed was purposive sampling. We used moderated regression analysis (MRA) regression with the random effects model to verify the hypothesis. According to the research conclusions, ED had no discernible impact on tax avoidance, CG had no bearing on it, and CG did not mitigate the impact of ED on tax avoidance. Tax avoidance is positively impacted by variable control size, MKTB, negatively impacted by ROA, and unaffected by leverage. Because environmental disclosure by energy corporations in Indonesia is still deficient despite being mandated, this research offers implications that could help regulators improve the quality of environmental disclosure Whether it is still in the meeting with the regulator stage or has already begun to improve governance, provide feedback to regulators so they can keep an eye on the CG implementation in Indonesia.
PERBANDINGAN KEWENANGAN LEGISLASI LEMBAGA LEGISLATIF ANTARA DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT SEBAGAI REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE BODY
Authors: Risdianto Wolastian Jati , Grahani F Adriana 
Published: November 2023

<p><em>This research describes and examines the comparison of legislative authority between the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia and the United States Senate and formulates the ideal legislative authority that can be applied by the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia as a Regional Representative Body. This research is included in the type of normative research. The approach used by the author is a statutory, historical, comparative, and conceptual approach. The technique of collecting legal materials is carried out by literature study. Legal material analysis techniques are analyzing the results of research and discussants by using the existing theories in the literature review. The results showed the similarities and differences in legislative authority between the DPD RI and the United States Senate. The similarities are 1. The DPD and Senate legislative powers are listed in the state constitution. 2. The DPD and the Senate can propose a bill. The difference is 1. DPD can only propose drafts related to regionalism while the Senate can propose draft laws as a whole 2.DPD participates in discussing draft laws related to regionalism 3. DPD cannot participate in approving any draft laws, The Senate participates in approving every bill. The DPD does not have the power to cancel the Presidential Veto while the Senate has the power to cancel the Presidential Veto. The ideal legislative authority of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia uses the theory of a unitary state, so the DPD RI is given legislative authority from submitting to approving drafts related to regionalism.</em></p><p> </p><p align="center"> </p>
ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR, BUPATI, DAN WALIKOTA TERKAIT AMBANG BATAS PENCALONAN KEPALA DAERAH UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN DEMOKRASI LOKAL YANG BERKUALITAS
Authors: Rizqika Firda , Firdaus Sunny Ummul 
Published: November 2023

<p align="center"><em>This study aims to analyze the threshold setting for Regional Head candidates in Law Number 6 of 2020, know the implications and analyze the threshold for realizing quality local democracy in order to obtain ideal threshold constructions in order to achieve quality local democracy. The type of research used is normative and applied prescriptive in nature. The results of this study indicate that the threshold for candidates for Regional Head in Law Number 6 of 2020 from the path of political parties or coalition of political parties has increased quite high, which implies weak guarantees of constitutional rights for citizens, limited alternative candidates, fragile coalitions, and governments that do not check and balance. Based on the value of democracy according to A.Dahl, the threshold has actually reduced the quality of democracy in terms of competition, participation and the fulfillment of political rights so it is important to remove the threshold for political parties.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN AN AK (STUDI PADA PENERAPAN KABUPATEN/KOTA LAYAK ANAK DI KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG)
Authors: Ahdianda Ravi , Madalina Maria 
Published: November 2023

<p>Penelitian ini merupakan upaya mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji permasalahan, pertama implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sijunjung Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Kedua faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat Pemerintah Kabupaten Sijunjung dalam mengimplementasikan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sijunjung Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Perlindungan Anak dalam rangka penerapan kabupaten/kota layak anak di Kabupaten Sijunjung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian non-doktrinal atau penelitian empiris dengan menggunakan sifat penelitian deskriptif. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam teknik ini peneliti cenderung untuk memilih informan yang dianggap mengetahui informasi dan masalahnya secara mendalam dan dapat dipercaya untuk menjadi sumber data yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang belum dipenuhi oleh Kabupaten Sijunjung dalam mengimplementasikan Peraturan daerah Kabupaten Sijunjung Nomor 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Perlindungan Anak seperti pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak anak dan pemenuhan hak anak belum terlaksana sebagaimana seharusnya dengan berbagai macam kendala seperti belum ada regulasi khusus terkait pengembangan kebijakan kabupaten layak anak, kendala kesadaran masyarakat, dan kendala fasilitas serta instrumen dari pemerintahan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya keseriusan dan fokus yang diberikan Pemerintah Kabupaten Sijunjung dengan segera mengeluarkan Peraturan Daerah, menjalankan Rencana Aksi Daerah (RAD) Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak dan monitoring terkait Gugus tugas Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak Kabupaten Sijunjung dalam melaksanakan tugas pokoknya.</p>
Delays in Accessing Emergency General Surgical Care in Tertiary Care Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic in North-East India
Authors: Sharma Bharat Sunil , Baro Atul Chandra , Terang Benedict , Bhowmick Rituparna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Emergency general surgery (EGS) patients are those who require an emergent surgical intervention for diseases within the realm of general surgery. However, its accessibility in passable time and place is limited in several low and middle-income countries including India. Though we know that the COVID-19 pandemic bought further diversion of medical resources, there have been no studies in the region to identify these barriers. Our study aims to fill this gap by utilizing the three delays model - delay in seeking care, reaching care and in-hospital care.
Materials & Methods
The study analysed prospective data from 2021 (2nd COVID-19 pandemic wave), which was collected in the fixed window from 1st May to 31st July during the lockdown. Demographic profile, diagnosis, treatment, quantity and quality data for delays were collected and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.
Results
In three months duration, 38 patients admitted with general surgery emergency having a median delay of one day were observed in all three stages of delay. Delay in seeking care showed association with diagnosis of the patients while in-hospital delay showed associated with both diagnosis and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade of the patients. The postoperative stay (POS) positively increases with delay in seeking care and in-hospital care.
Conclusion
This is the first study in the region to address delays faced by the patients in seeking emergency surgical care and highlights the influence of the pandemic. Thus, it will help in developing future public policy in global surgery in the region and worldwide.
QTLs identification for biochemical and physiological parameters contributing towards drought tolerance in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)
Authors: Katoch Megha , Chahota Rakesh Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is a drought hardy legume which can be grown in varied soil and temperature regimes. Though it has numerous, nutritive and medicinal benefits. However, it still lags behind other legumes in terms of genetic improvement. This crop is mostly cultivated on marginal and drought prone area thus genetics of drought stress tolerance were understood by studying the various drought parameters. To get insight, quantitative trait loci for drought tolerant traits were identified using an intraspecific mapping population of 162 F8 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between HPKM249 and HPK4. The linkage map already developed was used along with the phenotypic data for biochemical and physiological parameters to identify genomic regions which are linked to drought tolerance. In the study total of seven QTLs were identified for ten different drought related traits. One QTL for malondialdehyde content on linkage group 2, two QTLs for root length on linkage group 3 & 9, one QTL each for proline and chlorophyll content under drought stress on linkage group 4, one QTL each for root dry weight and root fresh weight on linkage group 5 were identified using composite interval mapping. The identified QTLs will be utilized in marker assisted breeding and increase our understanding on the physiology of drought stress tolerance.
Estimating research beneficiaries to reduce bias in public health research using direct and indirect production efficiencies
Authors: Grokhowsky Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Research and development produce academic publications that benefit industries and regions, both directly and indirectly. Direct effects are often realized as revenue, profits, taxes, or the quantity of publications. However, indirect effects, or spillover effects, such as improvements to an area because of newly obtained knowledge, are much harder to measure. Calculating the productivity efficiency of a region, for R&D publications, by research location is one way spillover effects can be measured. Furthermore, compiling both main effects and spillover effects into an aggregated productivity measurement will facilitate the true R&D beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries by region. Productivity measurements are sensitive to regional and industrial factors. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) takes these into account in the form of capital and labor. Measuring TFP using the sum of direct and indirect effects makes it possible to identify regions of the true R&D beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries through estimates of productivity, innovation, and competitiveness. Applying a quantitative analysis to identify these beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries will demonstrate whether interpretations regarding the knowledge distribution system are warranted or not and provide maps of possible research gaps and biases. This analysis focuses on childhood elevated blood lead level research publications, and it identified a significant cluster of high production in the Northeast and a significant cluster of low production in the northern Midwest of the U.S. for articles published between 1990 and 2019.
Iron oxide/graphenic carbon hybrid photocatalyst for decomposition of PFAS
Authors: Foster E. Johan , Moreira Raphaell , Esfahani Ehsan , Zeidabadi Fatemeh , Rostami Pani , Thuo Martin , Mohseni Madjid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In addressing the urgent global challenge posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination, a class of pollutants notorious for their persistence in aquatic ecosystems and human bloodstream, this research introduces a game-changing approach. Contrary to prevailing beliefs that effective PFAS degradation necessitates complex, cost-intensive methods, our study unveils a frugal, scalable iron oxide/graphenic carbon (Fe/g-C) hybrid photocatalyst synthesized with simplicity. Remarkably, this catalyst rapidly decomposes perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), achieving rates of ≥85% in just 3 hours at a UV fluence of 30.7 W cm-2. Consistency in performance is further evidenced as the photocatalyst sustains decomposition rates of ≥85% over 30 hours under a UV fluence of 1.42±0.05 mW cm-2. Not only does this work spotlight the potential of graphenic carbon-doped composites in tackling stubborn organic pollutants, but it also demonstrates a path to more efficient and practical PFAS degradation by reducing requisite UV fluence rates. This research serves as both an enlightening revelation and a promising solution to a pressing environmental concern.
Internet use and social trust: Empirical analysis based on CGSS2021
Authors: CHEN Ming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The development of the Internet has significantly changed the way people live and interact with each other. Interaction is the basis for building trust and may therefore also be influenced by the Internet. This study investigated whether Internet use influences people’s social trust, accounting for the perception of fairness and social support, using the latest data from the CGSS from China. The results showed that Internet use has a significant negative predictive effect on the level of social trust, and the perception of social fairness plays a fully mediating role in this relationship. That is, Internet use can indirectly reduce people's level of social trust by reducing their perception of social fairness. Furthermore, the results indicated that social support can moderate people's perceptions of social fairness and thus mitigate the negative effects of Internet use on social trust. These results suggested that we should raise the profile of the impact of internet use, actively improve people's perceptions of social fairness to increase their level of social trust, and finally, focus on the positive role of social support, which can reduce the negative impact of internet use.
A Systematic Review of Evaluation Studies of Primary and Public Health Programs in Qatar and Other GCC Nations in Comparison with Studies Adopting the RE-AIM Framework
Authors: Abdullahi Yasamin Ali Morad , Chandrashekhar Arun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background Health promotion programs are an increasingly important element of the healthcare landscape of Qatar, but current practice for evaluation of these programs has not been described in the literature. International best practices for design and evaluation of evidence-based public and primary health programs call for the use of systematic approaches, of which the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework is among the most prominent. This paper examines primary healthcare and public health program evaluation in Qatar and other regional countries in relation to the use or potential use of the RE-AIM framework. Method A systematic review was conducted to locate and summarize the scholarly literature on the evaluation of primary and public health programs in Qatar and other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations since 2011. For comparative purposes, a sample of 30 research articles reporting public and primary health program evaluation using the RE-AIM framework in other high-income countries during the same period were reviewed. Results A total of 30 qualifying research articles were identified, including 6 from Qatar. None described the use of RE-AIM or another systematic evaluation framework on a currently operating health program. Most of the GCC studies reported evaluation of a single dimension, of which program effectiveness was the most frequent. Most GCC studies used a single evaluation modality, of which participant surveys were the most frequent. All comparison studies reported evaluating all five of the RE-AIM dimensions, and 90% used more than one evaluation modality, of which program/project administrative data and participant surveys were the most frequent. Program aims were similar among the two samples, and an overall similar range of evaluation modalities were used. Conclusions Published reports of primary and public health program evaluation in Qatar and the rest of the GCC have not fully utilized systematic evaluation frameworks such as RE-AIM, which may limit the depth of conceptualization and diversity of outcome measurement found in similar projects in other regions. Adoption of RE-AIM principles has the potential to improve the quality of program evaluation in Qatar and other GCC countries, and to enhance quality improvement and cost-effectiveness of these programs.
Molecular classification of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on immunogenic cell death related damage-associated molecular pattern gene signature
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Sun Fei , Ni Xinye 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a prognosis. Understanding the molecular heterogeneity in ESCC is essential for designing novel immunotherapies to improve prognosis. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) that may help to the adaptive immune response of cancers, thereby may guiding immunotherapy for patients with ESCC. This study was aimed to identify DAMPs related molecular subtypes in ESCC.
Methods
RNA-seq data of TCGA-ESCC (n = 79) were downloaded, and the samples were randomly classified into training and validation sets. DAMPs related gene set was extracted from the literature. Differential expression analysis was performed using DESeq2. Tumor samples were performed consensus clustering analysis to identify the subtypes of ESCC. Then immune microenvironment, genome, drug sensitivity, and function between subtypes were analyzed.
Results
Total 32 DAMP related differential expressed genes were identified and two subtypes were obtained based on these genes. The prognosis of Cluster1 was significantly better than that of Cluster2. The up-regulated genes in Cluster1 were involved in tumor-related functions and pathways, while in Cluster2 were associated with immunity and inflammation. Cluster1 had a significantly higher copy number variation (CNV) rate compared to Cluster2. There were higher immune cell infiltration proportion, immune score, immune checkpoint genes and MHC genes expression in Cluster2 compared with in Cluster1.
Conclusion
This study for the first time identified the molecular subtypes of ESCC based on ICD-associated DAMP genes. Findings of this study may facilitate the development of individualized tumor immunotherapy.