bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache in Ehlers—Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Jacome DE 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Ehlers—Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a complex hereditary connective tissue disorder with neurologic manifestations that include cerebrovascular disorders and chronic pain. The clinical data collected on 18 patients with EDS and chronic headaches is reported. Procedure: Clinical history, neurologic examination, computerized tomography of the head, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Headaches were classified according to the International Headache Society and the patients were followed by the author for a minimum of 2 years. Findings: Four patients had migraine with aura, four had migraine without aura, four had tension headaches, four had a combination of migraine and tension headaches, and two had post-traumatic headaches. Nine patients exhibited blepharoclonus but none had history of seizures and their EEGs were normal, ruling out eye closure epilepsy. Although one patient had a small right frontal angioma, a second had Arnold Chiari malformation type I, and a third had an old stroke, headaches did not clinically correlate with their central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Conclusion: Chronic recurrent headaches may constitute the neurologic presentation of EDS in the absence of structural, congenital, or acquired CNS lesions that correlate with their symptoms. Individuals with EDS may be prone to migraine due to an inherent disorder of cerebrovascular reactivity or cortical excitability. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of headaches in EDS.
Supraorbital Neuralgia: A Clinical Study
Authors: Caminero AB , Pareja JA 
Published: March 2003

A series of 18 patients suffering from supraorbital neuralgia have been studied through a seven year period. Appropriate investigations ruled out other headaches. There was a female (67%) preponderance. Mean age at onset was 51.6 years. The mean headache duration was 5.9 years. Five patients had a history of ipsilateral forehead trauma. The main areas of pain were the forehead and orbit. The pain was dull with short sharp or burning exacerbations. The temporal pattern was either remitting ( n = 7) or chronic continuous ( n = 11). Autonomic accompaniments were generally lacking. Neurological assessment was normal in all but 4 patients who were found to have signs/symptoms of sensory dysfunction in the forehead of the symptomatic side. Trials of different drugs, including migraine and anti-neuralgic drugs, only provided slight relief. Anaesthetic nerve blocks of the supraorbital nerve provided an absolute but transitory relief of pain. Although aetiology and pathogenesis of supraorbital neuralgia is largely unknown, entrapment of the supraorbital nerve at its outlet and successful decompressive surgery have been previously reported. This and other pathogenic hypotheses are discussed.
Are There Predictive Factors for Long-Term Outcome after Withdrawal in Drug-Induced Chronic Daily Headache?
Authors: Tribl GG , Schnider P , Wöber C , Aull S , Auterith A , Zeiler K , Wessely P 
Published: March 2003

Objectives To investigate prognostic factors for long-term outcome of patients after inpatient withdrawal because of drug-induced chronic daily headache. Procedures Fifty-five patients (36 females) were re-examined by means of a standardized interview after inpatient withdrawal. The mean observation period was 9.28 ± 2.85 years (mean ± sd; median 8.58; range 5.00–13.50). Results Five years after withdrawal, one-third of the patients (34.6%) had an overall favourable outcome, one-third (32.7%) had no recurrent drug overuse and reported a clear-cut improvement of headache, and one-third (32.7%) developed recurrent drug overuse. Most relapses occurred within 2 years, and a small percentage within 5 years. No predictors for long-term outcome after inpatient withdrawal were found. Conclusions All patients with drug-induced chronic daily headache should be considered as good candidates for inpatient withdrawal, and no patient should be excluded from that therapy.
Integration versus segregation: the early struggle
Authors: Copeland Ian C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the first educational provision for pupils in the UK who were considered dull, backward and defective towards the end of the nineteenth century. In 1870 and 1880, two Royal Commissions were established to examine the conditions prevalent in elementary education. Subsequently, the recommendations of a Royal Commission in 1889 and an Education Department Committee in 1899 concerning the education of blind, deaf and ‘exceptional’ children were ambiguous, and the foundations of these proposals were flawed. During this period, only seven out of the hundreds of school boards in the UK established classes for these pupils. All seven sets of classes were different in their own ways, but two provided a sharp contrast: one displayed the quintessential features of integrated provision, and the other those of separate, segregated education. For personal and ideological reasons, the model of segregated provision prevailed and dominated the future system.
An investigation of the effects of bereavement on mental health and challenging behaviour in adults with learning disability
Authors: MacHale Rosemary , Carey Seán 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of bereavement on people with learning disability. Twenty adults with learning disabilities who had experienced the death of a primary caregiver in the previous 2 years were compared with a matched control group on measures of psychiatric disturbance and challenging behaviour. With regard to psychiatric disturbance, significant differences were found for ‘neurotic disorder’ and for ‘organic condition’ among the bereaved group on the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with a Developmental Disability (PAS‐ADD). No difference was found for ‘psychotic disorder’ on the PAS‐ADD. As regards challenging behaviour, significant differences were found for ‘irritability’, ‘lethargy’ and ‘hyperactivity’ among the bereaved group on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). No differences were found for ‘stereotypy’ or ‘inappropriate speech’ on the ABC. The clinical implications of these findings are outlined, and recommendations for supporting people with learning disabilities who experience bereavement are presented.
Overcoming mutism in adults with learning disabilities: a case study
Authors: Bell Dorothy M. , Espie Colin A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe literature review looks at the range of studies on people with selective mutism, with special emphasis on the field of learning disabilities. It finds three particular references (Labbe & Williamson 1984; Paniagua & Saeed 1988; Cline & Baldwin 1994b) that may be particularly pertinent to those people who appear to reduce their speech progressively over time in terms of both quantity of utterances and also who reduce the number of people to whom they will speak. This paper then considers the case of a woman of 36 years of age with Down's syndrome who had shown selective mutism for over 14 years, although this had become almost complete mutism for the last 8 years. The case was assessed and the woman was asked if she would be willing to participate in an attempt to reinforce communication and to gradually increase the number of words whispered or spoken in the presence of one person at first – the first author. Nonaversive behavioural methods were used and response initiation procedures were developed. Later, generalization of vocalizations to other people in other environments was encouraged. Sessions were carried out three times a week for about 2 months with rapid success. The woman's quality of life at home and her social interactions at the resource centre were also reported to have improved.
Bacteriocin production by protective cultures
Authors: Rodgers S. , Kailasapathy K. , Cox J. , Peiris P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBacteriocinogenic Lactococcus lactis CSCC 146 and Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 43200 can be used to improve the safety of extend shelf‐life cook‐chill foods, however, the information on their growth and bacteriocin production rate at refrigeration temperatures was lacking. These cultures were inoculated at 105–108 cfu/mL in TPGY broth and grown at 10°C. Their populations were enumerated and bacteriocin titre was measured using well diffusion assay. The bacteriocins’ identity produced by L. lactis and P. pentosaceus was confirmed as nisin and pediocin A, respectively, by their enzyme sensitivity pattern. Nisin (>100 IU/mL) was detected between the third and fifth day of storage when the populations of L. lactis reached 108 cfu/mL. Pediocin A (35 AU/mL) was detected on the fourth day when the population of P. pentosaceus reached 109 cfu/mL. Freeze‐drying of the cultures did not reduce the speed of the production of bacteriocins. Colour, mouth‐feel, texture, flavour and the overall acceptability of commercial sous vide meals was not affected by the presence of the cultures.
The distribution and prevalence of sponges in relation to environmental gradients within a temperate sea lough: inclined cliff surfaces
Authors: Bell James J. , Barnes David K. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract. Sponge communities on inclined cliff surfaces (40°) at Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve, Co. Cork, Ireland were sampled at five sites (four inside the lough and one on the adjacent Atlantic coast). Each site varied in sedimentation rate and flow regime. Sites ranged from turbulent (with negligible sedimentation) to very low flow (< 3 cm−1) and highly sedimented regimes. Sponge species showed variation between sites and depth. The greatest difference in sponge communities was observed between the most turbulent and most sedimented sites. The distinct zonation patterns, present at all sites, were most pronounced at the highly sedimented sites. Encrusting forms constituted a high proportion of the sponges at all sites. However encrusting species found at the turbulent site were different to those at the sedimented sites. Arborescent species were common, mainly at the sedimented sites within Lough Hyne. Distributions of sponge species are considered with respect to morphological adaptation, competition and physiological adaptation. The distributions of sponge species on inclined surfaces are also compared with those on vertical cliff faces.
Distribution of South African marine benthic invertebrates applied to the selection of priority conservation areas
Authors: Awad A. Adnan , Griffiths Charles L. , Turpie Jane K. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.Available data on species distributions and endemicity were compiled and examined for 11 groups of South African marine invertebrates (2533 species). For five groups species richness adhered to a well‐documented pattern, increasing from west to east, but for the other groups species richness was highest along the south coast. Endemicity was generally highest along the south coast, and lowest along the east coast. The data base was then analysed using several types of complementarity analyses, each producing a minimum set of potential reserve areas, which cumulatively represent all invertebrate species analysed. Approaches based solely on rarity, species richness and endemicity demonstrated individual biases, suggesting a need to combine all three interests. Combining the three techniques produced similar results to the individual analyses, showing conservation priorities to be highest along the east coast. Specifically, the areas of Port Elizabeth and Durban were ranked high in all analyses. Consistently, a total of 16 sites was necessary to represent all species analysed. Comparisons with similar analyses on fish and seaweeds revealed similar findings. Existing invertebrate records were shown to be biased towards centres of high sampling activity, demonstrating a need of future sampling attention in under‐represented areas.
Membrane effects of ropivacaine compared with those of bupivacaine and mepivacaine
Authors: Mizogami Maki , Tsuchiya Hironori , Harada Jun 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe compared the effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and mepivacaine on membrane lipids in an attempt to determine the anaesthetic mechanism of ropivacaine with structure‐dependent potency. The membrane effects were determined by measuring anaesthetic‐induced changes in the phase transition temperature and the fluorescence polarization of liposomal membranes prepared with cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. Bupivacaine, ropivacaine and mepivacaine depressed the membrane lipid phase transition and decreased the polarization of liposomal membranes at 0.0625–1.0 mg/mL, indicating that these anaesthetics fluidize membranes at concentrations lower than those in clinical use. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine were effective in fluidizing the membrane core rather than the membrane surface, whereas mepivacaine was a membrane fluidizer acting equally on both regions. In the comparison of membrane fluidization at an equimolar concentration (3.0 mmol/L), ropivacaine was found to be less potent than bupivacaine and more potent than mepivacaine. This membrane‐fluidizing potency was also consistent with the hydrophobic properties of these substances evaluated by reversed‐phase chromatography. Structure‐dependent membrane fluidization associating with hydrophobicity appears to underlie the local anaesthetic effect of ropivacaine as well as those of bupivacaine and mepivacaine.
Measurement of the whole body clearance of infused glycerol as a test of liver function after major hepatectomy
Authors: Tappy Luc , Cayeux Marie‐Christine , Gillet Michel , Koestinger Armin , Matter Maurice , Revelly Jean‐Pierre , Berger Mette , Vallet Cedric , Chioléro René 
Published: March 2003

SummaryMajor liver resection can be used in the treatment of liver cancer. The functional capacity of liver parenchyma needs to be evaluated preoperatively because it conditions the outcome. We assessed whether the whole body clearance of glycerol, a substrate essentially metabolized in liver cells, may be suitable as a simple test of liver function. Seven patients after major hepatectomy, six patients after colectomy and 12 healthy subjects were studied. Patients were investigated on the first day after surgery. All participants were studied during a 150‐min basal period followed by a 120‐min infusion of 16 μmol kg−1 min−1 13C‐labelled glycerol. Whole body glycerol clearance was calculated from the change in plasma glycerol concentration. Whole body glucose production was measured with 6,6 2H2 glucose infused as a tracer in the basal state and during glycerol infusion. In addition, 13C glucose synthesis was monitored to quantitate gluconeogenesis from glycerol. Patients after liver resection had higher plasma glycerol concentrations and lower whole body glycerol clearance than healthy subjects and patients after colectomy. They also had higher plasma glucagon concentrations. Their fasting glucose production was mildly elevated in the fasting state and did not change after glycerol infusion, indicating a normal hepatic autoregulation of glucose production. These results indicate that whole body glycerol clearance can be simply determined from plasma glycerol concentrations during exogenous glycerol infusion. It is significantly reduced in patients after major hepatectomy, suggesting that it constitutes a sensitive test of hepatic function. Its use as a preoperative testing procedure remains to be evaluated.
Skin microvascular dilatation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Jägrén Christina , Gazelius Bertil , Ihrman‐Sandal Christina , Lindblad Lars‐Eric , Östergren Jan 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe relative magnitude of endothelial versus non‐endothelial vasodilatation in the skin of limbs of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is not known. We therefore investigated the effects of iontophoretically administered sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (Ach) on the skin microvascular blood flow measured by laser‐Doppler fluxmetry.Methods:  Blood flow changes in the skin was measured on the dorsal side of the foot in three different groups: (i) 11 patients (mean age 73 years) with PAOD, with a mean ankle‐brachial index of 0·46, (ii) eight age‐matched elderly healthy volunteers (mean age 73 years) and (iii) young healthy group (n=15; mean age 34 years). For drug administration with iontophoretic technique we used a Periont Micropharmacology System.Results:  In patients with PAOD, Ach produced a vasodilatation, which was directly correlated to the strength of iontophoretic stimulation. The difference between the patients and the elderly healthy group was significant after the highest stimulation (160 s, P<0·05). The same pattern was found during stimulation with SNP. In comparison with the young healthy group there was a statistically significant difference (P<0·001) with a slower and less pronounced response in patients with PAOD.Conclusion:  In patients with PAOD it is possible to achieve local vasodilatation from a baseline level by delivering Ach or SNP through the skin. The two vasodilators, acting by different mechanisms, produced the same vasodilatation response, suggesting that the impaired vasodilatation capacity in patients with peripheral arterial disease may not emanate primarily from local endothelial dysfunction in the skin microcirculation.
Lower heart rate response to ergometry rowing than to treadmill running in older men
Authors: Yoshiga Chie C. , Higuchi Mitsuru , Oka Jun 
Published: March 2003

SummaryFor older people exercise intensity is often determined based on heart rate (HR) or the percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax). This study evaluated oxygen uptake (O2) and HR during ergometry rowing (combined arm and leg; sitting exercise) and treadmill running (leg; upright exercise) for 15 older people [age, (mean ± SD) 62 ± 3 years]. The HR was lower during ergometry rowing than during treadmill running at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol l−1 (151 ± 4 beat min−1 versus 160 ± 5 beat min−1, P<0·05) and at a maximal effort (171 ± 7 beat min−1 versus 177 ± 7 beat min−1, P<0·05). This was the case although the O2 was higher during ergometry rowing than during treamill running both at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol l−1 (3·0 ± 0·4 l min−1 versus 2·7 ± 0·4 l min−1, P<0·05) and at a maximal effort (3·4 ± 0·4 l min−1 versus 3·1 ± 0·3 l min−1, P<0·05]. %HRmax and %HR reserve were lower during ergometry rowing than during treadmill running. The results suggest that, in prescription of rowing for older people, the relation between HR and O2 for rowing and the attenuated HR response to rowing should be taken into consideration.
Continuity of Caregivers for Care During Pregnancy and Childbirth
Authors: Hodnett E.D. 
Published: March 2003

A substantive amendment to this systematic review was last made on 17 May 1999. Cochrane reviews are regularly checked and updated if necessary. ABSTRACT Background: Social support may include advice or information, tangible assistance, and emotional support. Objectives: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of continuous support during labour (provided by health care workers or lay people) on mothers and babies. Search strategy: I searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Date of last search: April 1999. Selection criteria: Randomised trials comparing continuous support during labour with usual care. Data collection and analysis: Trial quality was assessed. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Main results: Fourteen trials, involving more than 5000 women, are included in the Review. The continuous presence of a support person reduced the likelihood of medication for pain relief, operative vaginal delivery, Caesarean delivery, and a 5‐minute Apgar score less than 7. Continuous support was also associated with a slight reduction in the length of labour. Six trials evaluated the effects of support on mothers' views of their childbirth experiences; while the trials used different measures (overall satisfaction, failure to cope well during labour, finding labour to be worse than expected, and level of personal control during childbirth), in each trial the results favoured the group who had received continuous support. Reviewers' conclusions: Continuous support during labour from caregivers (nurses, midwives, or lay people) appears to have a number of benefits for mothers and their babies and there do not appear to be any harmful effects. Citation: Hodnett ED. Caregiver support for women during childbirth (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2000. Oxford: Update Software.
“Vanished Twin”: An Exploration of Women's Experiences
Authors: Briscoe Lesley , Street Clare 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT: Background: Evidence suggests that in identified twin pregnancies 30 percent become a “vanished twin,” that is, when two gestation sacs are identified at early ultrasound but subsequently only one fetus is seen. This study explored the thoughts, feelings, and hospital experiences of women who have a vanished twin.Method: The study was conducted in a large teaching hospital in northwest England from April to June 2001. The experiences of 9 women were explored through 4 focus groups and an individual interview. Nulliparous and multiparous groups were separated for homogeneity. The study's philosophical approach was based on constructivism, and the thematic analysis used a feminist interpretation to search for patterns of meanings from the women's words.Results: The women wanted to be cared for in a humanistic manner, and they felt that acknowledgement of the vanished twin by the professional was important. The findings highlighted the need for better information giving to improve communication between caregivers and women. Multiparas were more prepared than nulliparas to ask for the attention that they wanted.Conclusions: Despite the small number of study participants, results suggest that maternity caregivers should be sensitive to the feelings and individual nature of a woman who has experienced a vanished twin. Humanistic approaches to communication and improved methods of information based on the development of an information sheet are advised. (BIRTH 30:1 March 2003)
Comparison of Helicobacter pylori Infection between Fukuoka, Japan and Chinju, Korea
Authors: Youn Hee‐Shang , Baik Seung‐Chul , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Woo Hyang‐Ok , Ahn Yoon‐Ok , Kim Kyuchan , Cho Myung‐Je , Lee Woo‐Kon , Ko Gyung‐Hyuck , Okada Kenji , Ueda Kohji , Rhee Kwang‐Ho 
Published: March 2003

Background. Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of type B chronic gastritis, and plays a major role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Because gastric cancer has been the leading cause of cancer mortality in Japan and Korea, we conducted a seroepidemiological study to estimate the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Japan and Korea in order to explain the current change in the gastric cancer incidences between two countries.Materials and Methods.Samples used for this study included 1204 sera from Chinju, Korea and 580 sera from Fukuoka, Japan. Immunoblotting, using a sonicated crude H. pylori antigen and 1:5 dilution of serum, was performed, considering the immunoblot shows reactivity to the 120 Kd antigen of H. pylori as a specific marker of H. pylori infection.Results.Seroepidemiology data from Fukuoka, Japan showed a prevalence of H. pylori infection of 20% before school age, 40% by teenage years, and over 80% beyond 20~years of age. Seroepidemiology data from Chinju, Korea, showed a 50% infection rate in preschool ages, and over 80% prevalence rate after 7~years of age.Conclusions.Lower rates of childhood H. pylori infection in Fukuoka may explain the recent decline and shift in the incidence of stomach cancer in Japan, supporting the hypothesis that H. pylori is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of stomach cancer.