bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning approaches to the identification of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure: A narrative review
Authors: Suttie Michael , Kable Julie , Mahnke Amanda H. , Bandoli Gretchen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) affect at least 0.8% of the population globally. The diagnosis of FASD is uniquely complex, with a heterogeneous physical and neurobehavioral presentation that requires multidisciplinary expertise for diagnosis. Many researchers have begun to incorporate machine learning approaches into FASD research to identify children who are affected by prenatal alcohol exposure, including those with FASD. This narrative review highlights these efforts. Following an introduction to machine learning, we summarize examples from the literature of neurobehavioral screening tools and physiologic markers of exposure. We discuss individual efforts, including models that classify FASD based on parent‐reported neurocognitive or behavioral questionnaires, 3D facial imaging, brain imaging, DNA methylation patterns, microRNA profiles, cardiac orienting response, and dysmorphic facial features. We highlight model performance and discuss the limitations of these approaches. We conclude by considering the scalability of these approaches and how these machine learning models, largely developed from clinical samples or highly exposed birth cohorts, may perform in the general population.
Heart rate in newborns is associated with age, sex and maternal levothyroxine therapy
Authors: Uusitalo Asta , Tikkakoski Antti , Lehtinen Pieta , Ylänen Kaisa , Poutanen Tuija , Korhonen Päivi H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the definition and causes of neonatal bradycardias.MethodsThis retrospective study included 135 term‐born newborns referred for 24‐hour Holter monitoring due to bradycardia. Bradycardia was defined as either a heart rate below 80 beats per minute (standard definition) or a heart rate below our recently published age‐specific reference values for neonatal heart rate.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 6.1 (1.3) days. With standard definition, 107 newborns (79%) had bradycardia, whereas only 20 (15%) had a minimum heart rate lower than the age‐specific reference. Younger newborns had lower heart rates. Each day increased the minimum, mean and maximum heart rate by 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0, 2.6), 4.2 (95% CI: 3.0, 5.3) and 2.1 beats per minute (95% CI: 0.3, 3.8), respectively. Male sex and maternal levothyroxine medication were negatively associated with the mean and maximum heart rate. None of the newborns had a cardiac cause for low heart rate.ConclusionAmong term newborns with bradycardias, younger age, male sex and maternal levothyroxine medication were associated with a lower heart rate on Holter monitoring. Given the age‐related increase in heart rate, the 80 beats per minute limit as a universal threshold for abnormal heart rate in newborns appears inappropriate.
Walking‐with/worlding‐with in a global pandemic: A story of mothering in motion
Authors: Platt Louise C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses how walking‐with an infant makes mothering worlds legible. Employing the active verb ‘worlding’, it illustrates how walking‐with contributes to the emergent, embodied and relational nature of mothering as a story in motion and how we make sense of becoming a mother. The walking in this study takes place in and through (sub)urban landscapes, and how we negotiate our maternal bodies through these spaces, at a very particular moment in time (COVID‐19 lockdowns), is imbricated in our worldings. Walking‐with is used to not only explain the interembodiment of mother and child but also the wider milieu of ‘withs’ to demonstrate the corporeal and relational experience of walking. Walking‐with a baby, particularly with a postpartum body, is hard work, messy and unpredictable, yet that is not to say the analysis leads to a negative perspective. When walking‐with a baby is understood as ‘worlding‐with’ we can develop a more affirmative understanding of mothering. By using creative analytical practice a walking‐with story was developed drawing on data collected from walking mothers and autoethnography of my own walking‐with experiences. The story makes it possible to develop a legibility that captures the contradictory experiences of mothering in motion. Creative analytical practice highlights that storying, walking and mothering is never a complete.
Ant communities respond to a large‐scale disturbance along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico, U.S.A.
Authors: O'Meara Shannon , Yee Donald A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLarge scale disturbances are known to significantly alter aspects of both species diversity and ecosystem function. In the Caribbean, hurricane events are a significant form of disturbance, the effects of which have been shown to alter food web function, especially in the terrestrial environment. Although hurricanes have been studied from a variety of their effects on ecosystems, there is little research on how these storms affect species along elevational gradients. Within terrestrial habitats, ants form the basis of many food webs, being both numerically dominant and functioning in a variety of roles within the food web. On September 20th, 2017 Hurricane Maria, a category 4 storm, crossed over the island of Puerto Rico, causing significant damage to both human and natural systems. We collected data on ant abundance and composition from 150 samples of leaf litter along a 700 m elevational gradient during June the year of and after the storm event. Ant abundance increased by 400% after the storm with many common ant species seeming to benefit, especially at lower elevations. There were subtle changes in ant richness, with declines generally after the storm, but yet again this response was dependent on elevation. This is one of the first studies to consider how terrestrial insect communities are affected by large hurricane events across elevations, and our results are in contrast to past work showing declines in ant abundance after such storms.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Observed collaborative and intrusive parenting behaviours associated with psychosocial outcomes of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their maternal caregivers
Authors: Tilden Daniel R. , Anifowoshe Kashope , Jaser Sarah S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsMaternal caregiver involvement is strongly associated with psychosocial and glycemic outcomes amongst adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, previous studies have lacked detailed, objective examinations of caregiver involvement. We examined the relationship between observed parenting behaviors and psychosocial and glycemic outcomes amongst youth with T1D.MethodsData collected from adolescents with T1D (age 11‐17) and their female caregivers as a part of a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. These included structured, observation‐based scores of adolescent‐caregiver dyads engaged in videotaped interactions and selected psychosocial and glycemic outcome measures.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, higher levels of intrusive parenting behaviors during observed interactions were associated with higher diabetes distress in adolescents, but no difference in HbA1c. Associations between intrusive parenting behaviors and psychosocial outcomes were stronger for females compared to males for both diabetes distress and quality of life. Similarly, associations between collaborative parenting behaviors and quality of life were stronger for female adolescents than males. No associations were observed between collaborative parenting behaviors and glycemic outcomes. Consistent with previous work, we noted higher levels of adolescent‐reported family conflict were associated with lower adolescent quality of life and higher diabetes distress with no significant difference between male and female adolescents.ConclusionThese findings indicate that high levels of intrusive parenting behaviors, such as lecturing or over‐controlling behaviors, are associated with lower levels of adolescent well‐being, particularly among adolescent girls. This work suggests that interventions to reduce intrusive parenting by maternal caregivers could result in improved psychosocial outcomes for adolescents with T1D.
Echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure and function in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis in adult patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khanna Shaun , Li Cindy , Amarasekera Anjalee T. , Bhat Aditya , Chen Henry H. L. , Gan Gary C. H. , Tan Timothy C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) plays a key role in the initial work‐up of myocarditis where the identification of pathologic structural and functional changes may assist in its diagnosis and management. The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the evidence for the utility of echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure and function in the diagnosis of myocarditis in adult populations.MethodsA systematic literature search of medical databases was performed using PRISMA principles to identify all relevant studies assessing TTE parameters in adult patients with myocarditis (1995–2020; English only; PROSPERO registration CRD42021243598). Data for a range of structural and functional TTE parameters were individually extracted and those with low heterogeneity were then meta‐analyzed using a random‐effects model for effect size, and assessed through standardized mean difference (SMD).ResultsAvailable data from six studies (with a pooled total of 269 myocarditis patients and 240 controls) revealed that myocarditis can be reliably differentiated from healthy controls using echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) size and systolic function, in particular LV end‐diastolic diameter, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) (p ≤ .01 for all). LV‐GLS demonstrated the highest overall effect size, followed by LVEF and LVEDD (SMD: |0.46–1.98|). Two studies also demonstrated that impairment in LV‐GLS was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in this population, irrespective of LVEF.ConclusionsLV‐GLS demonstrated the greatest overall effect size and therefore ability to differentiate myocarditis populations from healthy controls. GLS was also shown to be a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, in this population.HightlightsWhat is already known on this subject?

Myocarditis is a disease process that is often a diagnosis of exclusion, as it frequently mimics other acute cardiac pathologies.
Transthoracic echocardiography is traditionally the initial imaging modality used for noninvasive structural assessment in populations with myocarditis.
What might this study add?

This study demonstrates that left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain, LV ejection fraction and LV end‐diastolic diameter can differentiate between myocarditis patients and healthy controls.
LV‐GLS demonstrated the greatest overall effect size when comparing these two populations, in comparison to the other measures.
How might this impact on clinical practice?

This study demonstrates that assessment of myocardial deformation indices allows for sensitive discrimination between myocarditis patients from healthy controls.
Routine assessment of LV‐GLS may serve as an important diagnostic tool in the acute care setting.
High‐density electroencephalographic functional networks in genetic generalized epilepsy: Preserved whole‐brain topology hides local reorganization
Authors: Silva Alves André , Rigoni Isotta , Mégevand Pierre , Lagarde Stanislas , Picard Fabienne , Seeck Margitta , Vulliémoz Serge , Roehri Nicolas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveGenetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) accounts for approximately 20% of adult epilepsy cases and is considered a disorder of large brain networks, involving both hemispheres. Most studies have not shown any difference in functional whole‐brain network topology when compared to healthy controls. Our objective was to examine whether this preserved global network topology could hide local reorganizations that balance out at the global network level.MethodsWe recorded high‐density electroencephalograms from 20 patients and 20 controls, and reconstructed the activity of 118 regions. We computed functional connectivity in windows free of interictal epileptiform discharges in broad, delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, characterized the network topology, and used the Hub Disruption Index (HDI) to quantify the topological reorganization. We examined the generalizability of our results by reproducing a 25‐electrode clinical system.ResultsOur study did not reveal any significant change in whole‐brain network topology among GGE patients. However, the HDI was significantly different between patients and controls in all frequency bands except alpha (p < .01, false discovery rate [FDR] corrected, d < −1), and accompanied by an increase in connectivity in the prefrontal regions and default mode network. This reorganization suggests that regions that are important in transferring the information in controls were less so in patients. Inversely, the crucial regions in patients are less so in controls. These findings were also found in delta and theta frequency bands when using 25 electrodes (p < .001, FDR corrected, d < −1).SignificanceIn GGE patients, the overall network topology is similar to that of healthy controls but presents a balanced local topological reorganization. This reorganization causes the prefrontal areas and default mode network to be more integrated and segregated, which may explain executive impairment associated with GGE. Additionally, the reorganization distinguishes patients from controls even when using 25 electrodes, suggesting its potential use as a diagnostic tool.
Perceptions and impact of patient reviews: a survey of academic dermatologists
Authors: Leigh Rebekah , Kim Dahyeon , Ibraheim Marina Kristy , Kraus Christina , Chow Conroy , Luke Janiene , Dao Harry , Anderson Nancy , Chou Fu‐Sheng , Elsensohn Ashley 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatient reviews (PRs) have emerged as a method to assess patient experiences with healthcare in order to improve the quality of care. Both institutional and third‐party organizations collect quantitative data and comments from these patient surveys, usually accessible to the public for review. Our study examined dermatologists' perceptions of PRs and assessed their impact on dermatologists.MethodsA survey was sent to the Association of Professors of Dermatology listserv (response rate 30%).ResultsMost respondents disagreed with the statements that PRs are good for doctors (63%), good for patients (58%), helpful for doctors (58%), or that high PRs indicate being a good doctor (65%). The majority disagreed that PRs should be available publicly (60%). Respondents agreed that PRs contribute to depersonalization (60%), energy depletion or exhaustion (55%), added stress at work (70%), negativism/cynicism about work (60%), and diminished professional efficacy (29%). Self‐identified female respondents were more likely to agree that PRs added stress to work compared to self‐identified males (66% vs. 42%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, these findings suggest that PRs may negatively impact dermatologists' well‐being and perceived stress levels.
Incidence and Management of Skin Lesions and Minor Wounds in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients undergoing Advanced Bronchodilator Therapy
Authors: Shi Caiwen , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile triple inhalation therapy is commonly employed in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), limited knowledge exists regarding its impact on the healing of minor wounds and integrity of the epidermis. This study investigated the impact of combining triple inhalation therapy with double bronchodilators on the aforementioned parameters in patients with stable COPD. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Changzhou, China, from March 2022 to October 2023, involving 540 patients who had received the diagnosis of stable COPD. Combined therapy participation requirements stipulated a minimum of 6 months of uninterrupted treatment. Dermatological examinations, demographic data and clinical records were utilized to collect information regarding the elasticity, moisture content and duration of wound healing. The research revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups that received triple inhalation alone and triple inhalation in combination with double bronchodilators (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, the combined therapy group demonstrated shorter duration since receiving a diagnosis of COPD (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy to remark that the combined therapy group exhibited significantly higher skin moisture content and shorter interval for wound recovery when compared with the group that only received triple inhalation (p < 0.05). Lung function measurements in combined therapy group indicated enhanced Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio, as well as a reduction in COPD exacerbations. Nevertheless, no statistically significant distinction in skin elasticity was observed among the groups (p > 0.05). The supplementary application of triple inhalation therapy and double bronchodilators in stable COPD patients not only improved respiratory outcomes but also positively impacted skin health, specifically by promoting wound healing and augmenting moisture levels. These results highlighted the possible benefits of implementing a holistic treatment approach in COPD, suggesting that incorporating these therapies could offer additional advantages to the epidermis.
Nurses engaging with referral letters and discharge summaries: A qualitative study
Authors: Yahalom Sharon , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the ways that nurses engage with referral letters and discharge summaries, and the qualities of these documents they find valuable for safe and effective practice.DesignThis study comprised a qualitative, case‐study design within a constructivist paradigm using convenience sampling.MethodsInterviews were conducted with nurses to investigate their practices relating to referral letters and discharge summaries. Data collection also involved nurses' examination and evaluation of a diverse range of 10 referral letters and discharge summaries from medical records at two Australian hospitals through focus‐group sessions. The data were transcribed and analysed inductively.ResultsIn all, 67 nurses participated in interviews or focus groups. Nurses indicated they used referral letters and discharge summaries to inform their work when caring for patients at different times throughout their hospitalisation. These documents assisted them with verbal handovers, to enable them to educate patients about their condition and treatment and to provide a high standard of care. The qualities of referral letters and discharge summaries that they most valued were language and communication, an awareness of audience and clinical knowledge, as well as balancing conciseness with comprehensiveness of information.ConclusionNurses relied on referral letters and discharge summaries to ensure safe and effective patient care. They used these documents to enhance their verbal handovers, contribute to patient care and to educate the patient about their condition and treatment. They identified several qualities of these documents that assisted them in maintaining patient safety including clarity and conciseness of information.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareIt is important that referral letters and discharge summaries are written clearly, concisely and comprehensively because nurses use them as key sources of evidence in planning and delivering care, and in communicating with other health professionals in relaying goals of care and implementing treatment plans.ImpactNurses reported that they regularly used referral letters and discharge summaries as valuable sources of evidence throughout their patients' hospitalisation. The qualities of these documents which they most valued were language and communication styles, awareness of audience and clinical knowledge, as well as balancing conciseness with comprehensiveness of information. This research has important impact on the patient experience in relation to encouraging effective referral letter and discharge summary writing.Reporting MethodWe have adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines through the SRQR reporting method.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Gain without pain? Non‐tariff measures, plant markup, and productivity
Authors: Calì Massimiliano , Le Moglie Marco , Presidente Giorgio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper extends the evidence on the impact of trade reforms on firms by focusing on non‐tariff measures (NTMs), an increasingly important trade policy instrument in advanced and developing economies. We build a novel time‐varying dataset on all NTMs applied to imported products by Indonesia and quantify the trade distortions they generate. We find that unlike tariffs, which reduce plants' productivity, NTMs do not significantly affect plants' performance. However, the most trade‐reducing NTMs are associated with lower plant‐level markups, which is consistent with the increase in the cost of imported inputs induced by these NTMs.
Retos de la psicología en la construcción de paz en Colombia: ¿fatalismo o ingenuidad?
Authors: Molina Valencia Nelson 
Published: February 2024

El artículo se propone re
fl
exionar acerca del papel de la psicología en un escenario posacuerdo derivado de las
negociaciones con las guerrillas en Colombia. Para ello se tienen en cuenta las condiciones teóricas provenientes
de una visión de la guerra y el con
fl
icto, que son analizadas considerando los escenarios epistemológico,
teórico, profesional y metodológico. Se concluye con el análisis de la situación del posacuerdo, a partir de seis
categorías desde la psicología social, que el trabajo que haga la psicología o bien puede rati
fi
car el fatalismo
de la experiencia de la guerra o proponer escenarios generativos para la consolidación de la convivencia en
Colombia.
Representaciones sociales de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes de Cuautla, México
Authors: Arcos Guzmán Moises Joel , Peña Mena Kenia Esperanza 
Published: February 2024

Objetivo.
Identificar y describir las representaciones sociales de vivir con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes
del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en la ciudad de Cuautla, México.
Método.
Se utilizó metodología
cualitativa. Como marco interpretativo se empleó la teoría de las representaciones sociales. La recopilación de
la información se efectuó mediante la entrevista semiestructurada, y el análisis se hizo a partir de un proceso
de codificación abierta y axial. Participaron 10 derechohabientes (nueve mujeres y un hombre) del Instituto
Mexicano del Seguro Social, cuyo rango de edad osciló entre los 30 y los 60 años. Se resalta como parte del
proceso el cuidado ético y el respeto a la dignidad humana durante cada una de las fases.
Resultados.
Se
identificaron conceptos cimentados en la representación extraída del discurso de los participantes, quienes
manifestaron una estructura de vínculos jerárquicos que se desprenden de la condición de paciente asociado
a la diabetes como enfermedad, el control de la misma y la atención médica.
Conclusión.
Es evidente que la
representación construida desde la proclama del paciente coliga a la enfermedad como un elemento negativo
en el estilo de vida y las prácticas cotidianas.