bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioclinical Assessment of Posterior Tympanotomy Difficulties during Ordinary Cochlear Implantation: A Prospective Case-Series Study
Authors: Barbara Maurizio , Margani Valerio , Covelli Edoardo , Romano Andrea , Bozzao Alessandro , Lotfy Rasha , Mandour Mahmoud , Swaid Ali , Soltan Islam , Elzayat Saad , Elfarargy Haitham H. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study proposes a preoperative radiologic scoring system for predicting posterior tympanotomy (PT) and mastoidectomy-associated difficulties during cochlear implantation (CI).Study designIt was a prospective case-series study.SettingsThe included CI surgeries were performed at tertiary referral institutions from October 2022 to April 2023.SubjectsWe included 73 CI candidates performed via the PT approachInterventionThe proposed radiologic score, composed of 13 items, was fulfilled and evaluated before each CI surgery.Main outcome measureWe correlated this score with the intraoperative difficulty and surgical duration.ResultsThe operation was straightforward in 42 patients with a score of 3.87 ± 1.72 and challenging in 31 patients with a score of 10.66 ± 1.73. The radiologic score was strongly correlated with the surgical difficulty and duration (p< 0.0001).ConclusionsOur proposed radiologic score was a valid, reliable, and precise tool to predict intraoperative difficulty during cochlear implantation. Chorda-facial angle was the strongest predictor, significantly affecting the difficulty, surgical duration, and preoperative radiologic score. A score equal to or more than 7.5 was expected to be associated with surgical difficulty.
Correlation of Scalar Cochlear Volume and Hearing Preservation in Cochlear Implant Recipients with Residual Hearing
Authors: Räth Mareike , Schurzig Daniel , Timm Max E. , Lenarz Thomas , Warnecke Athanasia 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Preservation of residual hearing is one of the main goals in cochlear implantation. There are many factors that can influence hearing preservation after cochlear implantation. The purpose of the present study was to develop an algorithm for validated preoperative cochlear volume analysis and to elucidate the role of cochlear volume in preservation of residual hearing preservation after atraumatic cochlear implantation.

Study design
Retrospective analysis.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
A total of 166 cochlear implant recipients were analyzed. All patients were implanted with either a MED-EL (Innsbruck, Austria) FLEXSOFT (n = 3), FLEX28 (n = 72), FLEX26 (n = 1), FLEX24 (n = 41), FLEX20 (n = 38), or FLEX16 (n = 11, custom made device) electrode array through a round window approach. Main outcome measures: Cochlear volume as assessed after manual segmentation of cochlear cross-sections in cone beam computed tomography, and preservation of residual hearing 6 months after implantation were analyzed. The association between residual hearing preservation and cochlear volume was then assessed statistically.

Results
Rapid and valid cochlear volume analysis was possible using the individual cross-sections and a newly developed and validated algorithm. Cochlear volume had the tendency to be larger in patients with hearing preservation than in those with hearing loss. Significant correlations with hearing preservation could be observed for the basal width and length of the basal turn.

Conclusions
Preservation of residual hearing after cochlear implantation may depend on cochlear volume but appears to be influenced more strongly by other cochlear dimensions.
The TORP-PORP: A Tympanoplasty Technique for Isolated Defects of the Stapes Suprastructure
Authors: Esser Julia , Klussmann Jens Peter , Hüttenbrink Karl Bernd , Luers Jan Christoffer 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Investigating the outcomes of a surgical approach to treat isolated defects of the stapes suprastructure, using a modified total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) prosthesis as a PORP between the footplate and the incus, effectively creating a TORP-PORP configuration.

Patients
Eleven patients (mean age, 37.2 years; 36% male and 64% female) between the years 2007 and 2022.

Intervention(s)
Therapeutic (ossiculoplasty).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Hearing gain (in dB) in air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kHz, stability of bone conduction, revision rate.

Results
Significant improvement in air conduction between the preoperative and the postoperative cohorts (p = 0.002) with a mean postoperative hearing level of 30.00 ± 5.25 dB. The bone conduction remained stable. We encountered no perioperative complications, and there were no revisions surgery.

Conclusions
The described ossiculoplasty procedure is a safe and effective approach to treat isolated defects of the stapes suprastructure.
Cochlear Implantation After Head and Neck Radiation: A Case Series, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmad Jumah G. , Lovin Benjamin D. , Lee Anna , Nader Marc-Elie , Gidley Paul W. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo determine if cochlear implant (CI) is safe and effective in patients with radiation therapy (XRT)-induced sensorineural hearing loss and to discuss considerations in this population through a retrospective cohort review, systematic review, and meta-analysis.Databases ReviewedPubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all CI cases after head and neck (HN) XRT at our institution, noting intraoperative findings, postoperative complications, and hearing outcomes. Change in speech discrimination scores (SDSs) was the primary outcome measure. Systematic review was performed to identify all cases of CI after HNXRT. A meta-analysis was performed to assess SDS change.ResultsThe retrospective cohort review identified 12 patients who underwent CI after HNXRT. One patient with HN cancer (HNC) and one with central nervous system pathology (CNSP) received bilateral implants. Six had HNC, three had CNSP, and one had Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Eleven had abnormal findings during CI. There were no postoperative complications. Twenty articles with an additional 97 patients were suitable for systematic review inclusion. Of the 109 patients, 67 (61.5%) had HNC and 18 (16.5%) had CNSP. Abnormal intraoperative findings were common (30.3%), most frequently in the mastoid (66.7%). Postoperative complications, including wound dehiscence and infection with some requiring explantation, occurred in 10.1% of patients. Sixty-six patients were included in the meta-analysis. All demonstrated SDS improvement (mean increase, 56.2%).ConclusionPatients with prior HNXRT benefit from CI. Paying careful attention to surgical planning and technique, postoperative care, and patient expectations is imperative, as complications are not uncommon.
Microstructural Changes in the Brainstem Auditory Pathway in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Moon Peter K. , Ward Kristina M. , Din Taseer F. , Saki Sara , Cheng Alan G. , Yeom Kristen W. , Ahmad Iram N. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
To assess the utility of diffusion tensor imaging of the auditory pathway in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
A single academic tertiary children's hospital.

Patients
Sixteen pediatric patients with bilateral SNHL of at least moderate severity in the poorer ear (eight male; mean age, 5.3 ± 4.9 yrs). Controls consisted of age- and sex-matched children with normal hearing who were imaged for nonotologic, non-neurologic medical concerns and found to have normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Interventions
Three Tesla MRI scanners were used for diffusion tensor imaging.

Main Outcome Measures
Quantitative diffusion tensor metrics were extracted from the superior olivary nucleus (SON), inferior colliculus (IC), and ipsilateral fiber tracts between the SON and IC delineated by tractography.

Results
We identified differences in fractional anisotropy of the SON between the SNHL cohort and controls (0.377 ± 0.056 vs. 0.422 ± 0.052; p = 0.009), but not in the IC. There were no differences in the mean diffusivity (MD) values in the IC and SON. Among younger children (≤5 yrs), MD was decreased in the SNHL cohort compared with controls in the IC (0.918 ± 0.051 vs. 1.120 ± 0.142; p < 0.001). However, among older children (>5 yrs), there were no differences in MD (1.124 ± 0.198 vs. 0.997 ± 0.103; p = 0.119). There were no differences in MD or fractional anisotropy in the white matter fibers of the IC–SON tract.

Conclusions
Our results suggest abnormal neural tracts along the central auditory pathway among children with SNHL. Longitudinal studies should assess the prognostic value of these MRI-based findings for assessing long-term outcomes and determining intervention efficacy.
The Placebo Effect on Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Walters Rameen K. , Durrant Frederick G. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Meyer Ted A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To quantify the placebo effect in randomized clinical trials treating tinnitus with oral or intratympanic placebo treatment.

Data Sources
CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for articles from conception to October 2022. MESH and key terms such as “tinnitus,” “placebo,” and “medication” were used to find randomized, placebo-controlled trials. The search was limited to articles in English.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials with adult subjects evaluating tinnitus pretreatment and posttreatment with an oral or intratympanic medication versus a placebo arm were included. Crossover studies, studies involving middle/inner ear operations or devices, and studies that exclusively included nonidiopathic etiologies of tinnitus were excluded. Mean tinnitus symptom survey scores for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Severity Index, Tinnitus Functional Index, Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire, and Visual Analog Scales for tinnitus Intensity/Loudness (VAS-L), Annoyance (VAS-An), and Awareness (VAS-Aw) were extracted for both placebo and experimental groups.

Results
953 studies were screened with 23 studies being included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis of mean difference (MD) was calculated using RevMan 5.4. MD between pretreatment and posttreatment THI scores of the placebo arms was 5.6 (95% confidence interval, 3.3–8.0; p < 0.001). MD between pretreatment and posttreatment VAS scores of the placebo groups for Loudness, Annoyance, and Awareness were 0.8 (0.0 to 1.6, p = 0.05), 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.5, p = 0.34), and 0.3 (−0.0 to 0.7, p = 0.08), respectively.

Conclusions
Placebo treatment has shown effectiveness in improving patient-reported evaluations of tinnitus when using some standardized metrics such as THI and VAS-L; however, the improvement is not as substantial as nonplacebo treatment.
Changing Management of Intravestibular Schwannomas in the Era of Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Hershey Emma , Chionis Lisa , Kazemi Ruby , Valenzuela Carla , El-Kashlan Hussam K. , Basura Gregory J. , Stucken Emily Z. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILSs) are a rare cause of deafness. Patients with ILS confined to the semicircular canals and the vestibule (intravestibular schwannomas) are potential candidates for cochlear implantation for hearing rehabilitation, a new option for patients with unilateral hearing loss since the 2019 FDA approval of cochlear implant (CI) for single-sided deafness. In this report, we describe an evolving management approach for ILSs causing hearing loss.

Patients
Adults (≥18 years) who underwent simultaneous ILS resection and CI between January 2019 and June 2023 (n = 3).

Intervention
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy with simultaneous cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures
Hearing performance with cochlear implantation measured as CNC Word Recognition scores and AzBio Sentence scores.

Results
Three patients with ILS confined to the semicircular canals and vestibule underwent simultaneous tumor resection via labyrinthectomy with CI placement. In all cases, complete tumor resection and full CI insertion were achieved. No patients experienced postoperative complications. Patients 1 and 2 underwent 6- and 9-month postactivation testing, respectively, with CNC scores 64% to 80% and AzBio 81% to 99% in the implanted ears. Patient 3 scored 0% on CNC and AzBio testing at 3 months and deferred her 6-month audiometry.

Conclusions
Patients with ILS confined to the vestibule and semicircular canals can be considered for simultaneous tumor resection and CI placement.
Intestinal nontuberculous mycobacteria infection: A case report
Authors: Xu Yanbin , Yang Jinfeng , Cui Lili , Huang Chengchen , Wu Chun 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Intestinal nontuberculous mycobacteriosis due to nontuberculous mycobacteria infection has clinical manifestations similar to intestinal tuberculosis and inflammatory bowel disease, causing difficulties in clinical diagnosis.

Case presentation:
A 42-year-old male patient was admitted to the Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University in June 2021 for diarrhea and intermittent hematochezia since April 2021. He was diagnosed with inflammatory intestinal disease by colonoscopy and midtransverse colon biopsy. However, the symptoms did not relieve after 2 months of mesalazine treatment. In August 2021, the patient was admitted to the outpatient department for suspected “intestinal tuberculosis.” A diagnosis of intestinal nontuberculous mycobacteriosis was confirmed based on pathology and nucleotide-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). After 2 weeks of antimycobacterial therapy, the patient’s diarrhea was relieved, and hematochezia no longer appeared. In November 2021, recolonoscopy revealed scattered erosions and ulcers in ileocecal valve and ascending colon, while both nucleotide-based MALDI-TOF MS and next-generation sequencing could still detect Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Conclusion:
This study reported a patient with an intestinal nontuberculous mycobacteriosis diagnosed by colonoscopy biopsy and nucleotide-based MALDI-TOF MS, and symptoms were relieved after antimycobacterial treatment.
Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis from 2012 to 2023: Bibliometric analysis and global trends
Authors: Hou Wenyuan , Xiao Fangjun , Peng Peng , He Mincong , Wei Qiushi 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Numerous surgical interventions are available for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In recent years, knee-preserving surgery, specifically osteotomy, has gained significant attention from patients, particularly those who are young and physically active, as it not only effectively alleviates pain but also preserves bone integrity, thereby allowing for potential future joint replacement. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the global application trends of osteotomy for KOA and identify the current research hotspots.

Methods:
We conducted a literature search encompassing English-language studies on osteotomy for KOA published from 2012 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis tools, including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R Studio, were employed to analyze global trends and research hotspots.

Results:
We analyzed 1520 eligible publications, comprising 1350 articles and 170 reviews. The number of articles on osteotomy for KOA has exhibited a consistent upward trend over the past decade. The top 3 contributing countries (South Korea, United States, and China) accounted for 45.98% of all published articles. U.S. scholars exhibited high productivity, prominence, and academic impact in this field. Seoul National University published the most papers on the relationship between osteotomy and KOA, while Sungkyunkwan University had the highest average citation rate. Among authors, Yong Seuk Lee from Korea and Steffen Schroeter from Germany had the highest number of publications and average citation values, respectively. Research interests were clustered into 5 categories: “High tibial osteotomy,” “Biomechanics of osteotomy,” “Osteotomy combined with cartilage repair techniques,” “Postoperative prognosis and outcomes,” and “Improvement of surgical techniques.”

Conclusion:
Recent years have witnessed notable rapid progress in the research on osteotomy for KOA. The field is poised for continued growth in terms of academic literature. The United States has emerged as a global leader in knee osteotomy research, while Korea demonstrates considerable potential in this domain. Future research hotspots may encompass high tibial osteotomies, osteotomies combined with cartilage repair techniques, and advancements in surgical techniques for KOA.
Insights and preventive approaches of rod erosion in the occipital bone after complex posterior cervical spine surgery for destructive spondyloarthropathy: A case report
Authors: Hirata Hirohito , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Kobayashi Takaomi , Yoshihara Tomohito , Toda Yu , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
Complications of rod migration into the occipital bone after upper cervical fusion are very rare. No other cases have been reported, especially when associated with destructive spondyloarthropathy (DSA). The purpose of this case report is to remind clinicians of the risk of rod migration in cervical spine surgery in patients with DSA and to provide information on its causes, countermeasures, and treatment.

Patient concern:
This case report presents the clinical course of a 61-year-old female patient with chronic kidney disease that required hemodialysis.

Diagnosis, intervention, outcomes:
The patient was diagnosed DSA involving the cervical spine. Initial treatment involved a halo vest, followed by anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion spanning from C5 to Th1. However, subsequent complications, including C5 fractures, kyphotic cervical alignment, and rod migration into the occipital bone, lead to multistage surgical interventions. This case highlights the challenges in managing DSA, the significance of optimal fixation strategies, and the importance of accounting for potential alignment changes.

Conclusion:
The effective management of occipital bone erosion after posterior cervical spine surgery for destructive spondyloarthropathy necessitates meticulous fixation planning, proactive rod length adjustment, preoperative assessment of the occipital position, and consideration of the compensatory upper cervical range of motion to prevent migration-related issues.
Postoperative recurrence of diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer in an adolescent patient: A case report
Authors: Ren Ningning , Geng Chong , Liu Kailin , Ren Jintao , Zhang Xuan , Tian Xingsong 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Papillary thyroid cancer is an inert malignant tumor with a good response to surgical treatment, low recurrence and metastasis rate, and good prognosis. Diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer is an invasive subtype that is more common in young people, with a higher rate of lymph node metastasis and recurrence, and a relatively poor prognosis.

Patient concerns:
A 13-year-old girl underwent radical surgery for diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer. Eight years later, due to a large number of lymph node metastases, she underwent another radical surgery on her neck lymph nodes.

Methods:
The patient thyroid ultrasound and neck enhanced CT indicated that the patient had multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the neck with irregular morphology and structure, and the possibility of metastatic lymph nodes was high. Subsequently, the patient underwent thyroid fine-needle aspiration and the results showed that cancer cells were detected in both cervical lymph nodes.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with bilateral cervical lymph node metastases after thyroid surgery.

Results:
After the second surgery, the patient recovered well, and no residual or focal iodine uptake tissue was found on the enhanced CT examination.

Conclusion:
As diffuse sclerosing thyroid cancer is prone to lymph node and recurrent metastases, once it is diagnosed, radical treatment should be actively performed. Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy should be administered according to the patient condition and regular follow-ups should be conducted to monitor neck lymph node metastasis.
‘Seeing is believing’ – gender disparities in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery in Africa: a narrative review
Authors: Seguya Amina , Kabagenyi Fiona , Tamir Sharon Ovnat 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of reviewVarious factors affect otolaryngology – head and neck surgery (OHNS) services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); including inadequate infrastructure, limited academic positions, unfavorable hospital research policies, and traditional misconceptions about gender and surgery, among others. Although gender inequalities exist globally, they are particularly pronounced in LMICs, especially in Africa.Recent findingsA comparative narrative literature review for relevant manuscripts from January 1, 2017 to through January 10th, 2024, using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for articles from the United States/Canada and Africa was done. 195 relevant articles were from the United States/Canada, while only 5 were from Africa and only 1 manuscript was relevant to OHNS. The reviewed articles reported that gender disparities exist in medical training, authorship, and career advancement. We highlight possible solutions to some of these disparities to promote a more gender-diversified workforce in OHNS in Africa as well as all over the world.SummaryAdditional studies on gender disparities in Africa, are needed. These studies will highlight need for inclusive policies, structured and accessible mentorship programs; through which these disparities can be highlighted and addressed. This will in the long run ensure sustainability of OHNS care in LMICs.
Rehabilitation Interventions in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cheng Jessica T. , Ramos Emos Marc , Leite Victor , Capozzi Lauren , Woodrow Lindsey E. , Gutierrez Carolina , Ngo-Huang An , Krause Kate J. , Parke Sara C. , Langelier David Michael 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to identify and appraise current evidence for rehabilitation interventions in head and neck cancer.DesignA previously published scoping review spanning 1990 through April 2017 was updated through January 11, 2023 and narrowed to include only interventional studies (Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100(12):2381–2388). Included studies had a majority head and neck cancer population and rehabilitation-specific interventions. Pairs of authors extracted data and evaluated study quality using the PEDro tool. Results were organized by intervention type.ResultsOf 1338 unique citations, 83 studies with 87 citations met inclusion criteria. The median study sample size was 49 (range = 9–399). The most common interventions focused on swallow (16 studies), jaw (11), or both (6), followed by whole-body exercise (14) and voice (10). Most interventions took place in the outpatient setting (77) and were restorative in intent (65 articles). The overall study quality was fair (median PEDro score 5, range 0–8); none were of excellent quality (PEDro >9).ConclusionsMost head and neck cancer rehabilitation interventions have focused on restorative swallow and jaw exercises and whole-body exercise to address dysphagia, trismus, and deconditioning. More high-quality evidence for head and neck cancer rehabilitation interventions that address a wider range of impairments and activity and social participation limitations during various cancer care phases is urgently needed to reduce head and neck cancer-associated morbidity.