bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection causes infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes of chick tracheal by the complement and coagulation cascades pathway
Authors: Li Ziqi , Qi Zhao , Wang Xiaoru , Lu Liting , Wang Haiyang , He Zhenjie , Chen Zhe , Shao Ying , Tu Jian , Song Xiangjun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes tracheal damage and heterophilic granulocytic infiltration and inflammation in infected chicks. In this study, we infected chick tracheal tissue with strain AE17 and produced pathological sections with proteomic sequencing. We compared the results of pathological sections from the APEC-infected group with those from the PBS control group; the pathological sections from the experimental group showed hemorrhage, fibrinization, and infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes in the tracheal tissue. In order to explore the effect on proteomics on inflammation and to further search for the caus.

Results
The tandem mass tag-based (TMT) sequencing analysis showed 224 upregulated and 140 downregulated proteins after infection with the AE17 strain. Based on the results of KEGG in Complement and coagulation cascades, differential protein expression in the Protein export pathway was upregulated.

Conclusions
With these results, we found that chemokines produced by the Complement and coagulation cascades pathway may cause infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes involved in inflammation, as well as antimicrobial factors produced by the complement system to fight the infection together.These results suggest that APEC causes the infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes through the involvement of the complement system with serine protease inhibitors.
Effects of exenatide on coronary stent’s endothelialization in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. The Rebuild study
Authors: Santos-Pardo Irene , Witt Nils , Angerås Oskar , Nyström Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a higher risk of in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. The activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been suggested to induce several effects on the vasculature that may reduce the risk of stent failure following an angioplasty. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the GLP-1R agonist exenatide on endothelialization of a modern drug-eluting stent (DES) in subjects with T2D.

Methods
38 subjects with T2D who were eligible for revascularization with implantation of DES were randomized to treatment with exenatide (once weekly) plus standard treatment, or to standard treatment alone. After 12 weeks, a new coronary angiography was performed to evaluate the percentage of strut coverage (primary endpoint) and the presence of neo-atherosclerosis by optical coherence tomography. This study was approved by the Stockholm’s Ethical Review Board.

Results
The two groups were well balanced regarding baseline clinical characteristics. Strut coverage was 95% (88.7–98.5%) in the exenatide group and 91.4% (88.8–98.5%) in the control group (p = 0.692). There were no significant differences between groups neither in the thickness of neo-intima (0.2 mm in both groups, p = 0.471), nor the maximal in-stent obstruction by neo-intima (15.5% in exenatide group vs 14.7% in control group, p = 0.801). No significant differences were detected in the rate of target lesion revascularization between groups (p = 0.224).

Conclusion
Twelve weeks treatment with exenatide did not lead to a significantly better stent coverage in people with T2D. No significant differences in the occurrence of neo-atherosclerosis were detected between groups.
Trial registration: The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (Rebuild Study, NCT02621489).
Effects of diabetes mellitus and glycemic traits on cardiovascular morpho-functional phenotypes
Authors: Li Zhaoyue , Xiong Jie , Guo Yutong , Tang Hao , Guo Bingchen , Wang Bo , Gao Dianyu , Dong Zengxiang , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The effects of diabetes on the cardiac and aortic structure and function remain unclear. Detecting and intervening these variations early is crucial for the prevention and management of complications. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-derived traits are established endophenotypes and serve as precise, early-detection, noninvasive clinical risk biomarkers. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the association between two types of diabetes, four glycemic traits, and preclinical endophenotypes of cardiac and aortic structure and function.

Methods
Independent genetic variants significantly associated with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin (FIns), fasting glucose (FGlu), 2 h-glucose post-challenge (2hGlu), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were selected as instrumental variables. The 96 cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging traits came from six independent genome-wide association studies. These traits serve as preclinical endophenotypes and offer an early indication of the structure and function of the four cardiac chambers and two aortic sections. The primary analysis was performed using MR with the inverse-variance weighted method. Confirmation was achieved through Steiger filtering and testing to determine the causal direction. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO methods. Additionally, multivariable MR was used to adjust for potential effects associated with body mass index.

Results
Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes was associated with increased ascending aortic distensibility. Conversely, type 2 diabetes showed a correlation with a reduced diameter and areas of the ascending aorta, as well as decreased distensibility of the descending aorta. Genetically predicted higher levels of FGlu and HbA1c were correlated with a decrease in diameter and areas of the ascending aorta. Furthermore, higher 2hGlu levels predominantly showed association with a reduced diameter of both the ascending and descending aorta. Higher FIns levels corresponded to increased regional myocardial-wall thicknesses at end-diastole, global myocardial-wall thickness at end-diastole, and regional peak circumferential strain of the left ventricle.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that diabetes and glycemic traits have a causal relationship with cardiac and aortic structural and functional remodeling, highlighting the importance of intensive glucose-lowering for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Technical comparison of Abbott’s UroVysion® and Biocare’s CytoFISH urine fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays
Authors: Anderson Tammy , Hartman Sharon , Dunn William , Bellin Harvey , Ehlers Thomas W. , Groen Sarah , Ramos Jason A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to compare the technical performance of Abbott’s UroVysion and Biocare’s CytoFISH urine cytology probe panel and position the CytoFISH probe panel as an alternative to UroVysion. The CytoFISH probe panel was developed based on clinically sensitive chromosomes found to be amplified in bladder cancers, as well as a locus-specific probe also seen to be amplified in bladder tumors. After extensive testing comparing CytoFISH to UroVysion, we present here our findings for the two assays.

Materials and methods
A total of 216 cases representing a mix of male (ages 36–99) and female (ages 46–91) patients were assayed with both probe sets. The CytoFISH and UroVysion probe panels were tested in accordance with the UroVysion procedure, as outlined in the manufacturer’s supplied package insert with the following exception: the probe volume used was 3µL for UroVysion and 5µL for CytoFISH.

Results
The scoring used for the CytoFISH and UroVysion assays revealed a 95% concordance, suggesting that Biocare’s CytoFISH Test has at least the same clinical sensitivity and specificity as claimed by the Abbott UroVysion Kit. We found that the CytoFISH 5p15.2 locus-specific probe was easier to score than UroVysion’s 9p21 deletion.

Conclusion
The high rate of concordance between the two assays suggests that Biocare’s CytoFISH assay is a robust alternative to Abbott’s UroVysion in the diagnosis and monitoring of bladder carcinoma.
Different dietary carbohydrate component intakes and long-term outcomes in patients with NAFLD: results of longitudinal analysis from the UK Biobank
Authors: Liu Zhening , Huang Hangkai , Xie Jiarong , Hou Linxiao , Xu Chengfu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the association between the intake of different dietary carbohydrate components and the long-term outcomes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
We used prospective data from 26,729 NAFLD participants from the UK Biobank cohort study. Dietary information was recorded by online 24-hour questionnaires (Oxford WebQ). Consumption of different carbohydrate components was calculated by the UK Nutrient Databank Food Composition Table. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A substitution model was used to estimate the associations of hypothetical substitution for free sugars.

Results
During a median of 10.5 (IQR: 10.2–11.2) years and a total of 280,135 person-years of follow-up, 310 incident end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and 1750 deaths were recorded. Compared with the lowest quartile, the multi-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of incident ESLD in the highest quartile were 1.65 (1.14–2.39) for free sugars, 0.51 (0.35–0.74) for non-free sugars, and 0.55 (0.36–0.83) for fiber. For overall mortality, the multi-adjusted HRs (95% CI) in the highest quartile were 1.21 (1.04–1.39) for free sugars, 0.79 (0.68–0.92) for non-free sugars, and 0.79 (0.67–0.94) for fiber. Substituting free sugars with equal amounts of non-free sugars, starch or fiber was associated with a lower risk of incident ESLD and overall mortality.

Conclusions
A lower intake of free sugars and a higher intake of fiber are associated with a lower incidence of ESLD and overall mortality in NAFLD patients. These findings support the important role of the quality of dietary carbohydrates in preventing ESLD and overall mortality in NAFLD patients.
Characterization of novel CD19-specific VHHs isolated from a camelid immune library by phage display
Authors: Ganji Mahmoud , Safarzadeh Kozani Pooria , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies have achieved promising outcomes in the treatment of immunological and oncological indications. CD19 is considered one of the most qualified antigens in the treatment of B-cell neoplasms. VHHs (nanobodies) are known for their physicochemical advantages over conventional mAbs rendering them suitable therapeutics and diagnostic tools. Herein, we aimed to isolate CD19-specific VHHs from a novel immune library using phage display.

Methods
An immune VHH gene library was constructed. Using phage display and after five biopanning rounds, two monoclonal CD19-specific VHHs were isolated. The selected VHHs were expressed, purified, and characterized in terms of their affinity, specificity, sensitivity, and ability to target CD19-positive cell lines. Moreover, in silico analyses were employed for further characterization.

Results
A VHH library was developed, and because the outputs of the 4th biopanning round exhibited the most favorable characteristics, a panel of random VHHs was selected from them. Ultimately, two of the most favorable VHHs were selected and DNA sequenced (designated as GR37 and GR41). Precise experiments indicated that GR37 and GR41 exhibited considerable specificity, sensitivity, and affinity (1.15 × 107 M−1 and 2.08 × 107 M−1, respectively) to CD19. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that GR37 and GR41 could bind CD19 on the surface of cell lines expressing the antigen. Moreover, in silico experiments predicted that both VHHs target epitopes that are distinct from that targeted by the CD19-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) FMC63.

Conclusion
The selected VHHs can be used as potential targeting tools for the development of CD19-based immunotherapeutics.
Audiovisual biofeedback amplifies plantarflexor adaptation during walking among children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Spomer Alyssa M. , Conner Benjamin C. , Schwartz Michael H. , Lerner Zachary F. , Steele Katherine M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Biofeedback is a promising noninvasive strategy to enhance gait training among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Commonly, biofeedback systems are designed to guide movement correction using audio, visual, or sensorimotor (i.e., tactile or proprioceptive) cues, each of which has demonstrated measurable success in CP. However, it is currently unclear how the modality of biofeedback may influence user response which has significant implications if systems are to be consistently adopted into clinical care.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated the extent to which adolescents with CP (7M/1F; 14 [12.5,15.5] years) adapted their gait patterns during treadmill walking (6 min/modality) with audiovisual (AV), sensorimotor (SM), and combined AV + SM biofeedback before and after four acclimation sessions (20 min/session) and at a two-week follow-up. Both biofeedback systems were designed to target plantarflexor activity on the more-affected limb, as these muscles are commonly impaired in CP and impact walking function. SM biofeedback was administered using a resistive ankle exoskeleton and AV biofeedback displayed soleus activity from electromyography recordings during gait. At every visit, we measured the time-course response to each biofeedback modality to understand how the rate and magnitude of gait adaptation differed between modalities and following acclimation.

Results
Participants significantly increased soleus activity from baseline using AV + SM (42.8% [15.1, 59.6]), AV (28.5% [19.2, 58.5]), and SM (10.3% [3.2, 15.2]) biofeedback, but the rate of soleus adaptation was faster using AV + SM biofeedback than either modality alone. Further, SM-only biofeedback produced small initial increases in plantarflexor activity, but these responses were transient within and across sessions (p > 0.11). Following multi-session acclimation and at the two-week follow-up, responses to AV and AV + SM biofeedback were maintained.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that AV biofeedback was critical to increase plantarflexor engagement during walking, but that combining AV and SM modalities further amplified the rate of gait adaptation. Beyond improving our understanding of how individuals may differentially prioritize distinct forms of afferent information, outcomes from this study may inform the design and selection of biofeedback systems for use in clinical care.
Reducing sick leave, improving work ability, and quality of life in patients with mild to moderate Long COVID through psychosocial, physiotherapeutic, and nutritive supportive digital intervention (MiLoCoDaS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Krotz Adrian , Sosnowsky-Waschek Nadia , Bechtel Stephanie , Neumann Christine , Lohkamp Monika , Kovacs Gabor , Genser Bernd , Fischer Joachim E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Following ﻿SARS-CoV-2 infection, a relevant proportion of patients suffer from persistent or recurring sequela, even after initially mild primary illness. Many patients experience exhaustion and fatigue, rendering them incapable of working. Long COVID exerts a substantial burden on society and the healthcare system: at least 65 million people are currently affected worldwide. The underlying pathobiology is a complex derangement in several organ systems. To date, causal pharmaceutical therapies remain elusive. Waiting lists for specialist care are long. Rapidly scalable digital interventions offering support for the frequent subgroup of patients with mild to moderate impairment from Long COVID are urgently needed. The MiLoCoDaS study compares three intensities of a potentially rapidly scalable digital intervention aiming to accelerate recovery. The overall objective is to figure out if there is a difference in the effect sizes between these modalities.

Methods
The online intervention uses a learning platform (LMS, TYPO3 framework) comprising 12 sessions of medical, psychological, physiotherapeutic, and nutritional content. The three modalities differ as follows: patient information only (sham intervention, control), information plus interactive digital workbook including practical exercises (digital intervention), and the digital workbook augmented by once-weekly online seminars and discussion groups (person and peer-contact). Eligible patients are 18–67 years old satisfying Long COVID diagnostic criteria. Patients are recruited through primary care physicians and randomly allocated. The primary endpoint is the number of sick leave days during the 6-month observation period; secondary endpoints are patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, and work ability. The study size provides a power of 80% at a type I error of < 0.05 to show an effect size of Cohen = 0.3 between the augmented and the sham intervention (N = 152 per arm, total accounting for attrition N = 600).

Discussion
If one of the two interventions is superior to providing information alone, MiLoCoDaS would provide the starting point for a rapidly scalable digital intervention for the frequent and currently underserved patient group with mild to moderate impairment from Long COVID. Several caveats pertain to the heterogeneity of Long COVID manifestation and duration prior to inclusion. It is conceivable that the possible effect of the intervention may differ across subgroups. Therefore, a priori defined secondary analysis will be conducted.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00028964. Registered on 24 August 2022.
Development and evaluation of a decision-making aid for couples hesitant about transitioning from infertility treatment to advanced assisted reproductive technology: a usability and feasibility study
Authors: Asazawa Kyoko , Takahata Kaori , Kojima Natsuko , Onizawa Hiromi , Kawanami Masami , Yoshida Atsumi , Hasegawa Kumiko , Chihara Makoto , Arimori Naoko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this study were (1) to develop a decision-making aid for couples hesitant about transitioning from infertility treatment to advanced assisted reproductive technology, (2) to examine the adequacy of this aid, and (3) to evaluate its usability. After the first version of the decision-making aid was created, the first version was supervised and finally a prototype of the decision-making aid was completed. We conducted a feasibility study from February to March 2022. We used a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design involving 22 medical professionals and infertility survivors recruited.

Results
Twenty-two participants (3 reproductive medical specialists, 11 nurses who specialize in reproductive medicine, and 8 infertility survivors) were included in the final analysis (91.7% valid response rate). Of these participants, 81.8% answered Agree regarding “Easy-to-read degree of charts”, 17 (77.3%) answered It is just the right amount regarding “Appropriateness of information volume”, 81.8% answered Agree regarding “Ease of understanding content”, and 90.9% answered Good regarding “Overall performance”. From the opinions received, we extracted 4 categories: “Useful for decision making,” “Suitable for providing information,” “Useful in clinical practice,” and “Needs improvement.” Certain degrees of surface validity and content validity were confirmed for the trial version of the decision-making aid.
Association between statin use on delirium and 30-day mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the intensive care unit
Authors: Xia Jiangling , Hu Chunhuan , Wang Leilei , Zhang Yuzhu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Delirium occurs frequently in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the intensive care unit. Effective prevention and treatment strategies for delirium remain limited. We aimed to assess delirium and 30-day mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were statin and non-statin users.

Methods
In this retrospective study, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database (MIMIC-IV). The primary exposure variable was the use of statins 3 days after entering the intensive care unit and the primary outcome measure was the presence of delirium. The secondary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Since the cohort study was retrospective, we used an inverse probability weighting derived from the propensity score matching to balance different variables.

Results
Among a cohort of 2725 patients, 1484 (54.5%) were statin users. Before propensity score matching, the prevalence of delirium was 16% and the 30-day mortality was 18% in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Statin use was significantly negatively correlated with delirium, with an odds ratio of 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.85, p < 0.001) in the inverse probability weighted cohort and 30-day mortality of 0.7 (95% CI 0.57–0.85, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Statin use is associated with a lower incidence of delirium and 30-day mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the intensive care unit.
Robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty improves the rotational mismatch between femoral and tibial components, but not the forgotten joint score 12: a single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Ayakane , Kaneko Takao , Takada Kazutaka , Yoshizawa Shu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study was to compare postoperative short‐term patient reported outcome measurements (PROMs) and rotational mismatch between femoral and tibial following conventional jig‐based total knee arthroplasty (Conv‐TKA) versus robotic‐assisted TKA (RA‐TKA) using three‐dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) measurements.MethodsThis retrospective, consecutive case–control trial included 83 patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee undergoing Conv‐TKA versus RA‐TKA using bi‐cruciate stabilized TKA. The rotational mismatch of the femoral and tibial components between the two groups were compared using 3DCT measurements. PROMs (2011 Knee Society Score (KSS), forgotten joint score‐12 (FJS‐12), patella score were compared in patients between 1 and 2 years postoperatively.ResultsThe two groups did not exhibit significant differences in any of the following preoperative factors: age at surgery, body mass index (BMI), preoperative range of motion (ROM), hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle. There were no significant differences in postoperative HKA angle and tibial rotation angle, the absolute values of the femoral rotational angle and rotational mismatch were significantly smaller in the RA‐TKA group than in the Conv‐TKA group (both p < 0.01). Neither Postoperative PROMs (2011 KSS: pain, patient satisfaction, patient expectation, advanced activities score) nor patella score differed significantly between the groups, but FJS‐12 was significantly better in the Conv‐TKA group than in the RA‐TKA group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsRA‐TKA did not improve FJS‐12 compared to Conv‐TKA, but did result in more accurate rotational alignment of femoral component and rotational mismatch between the femoral and tibial components.Level of evidenceIV.