bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock market returns: Evidence from a sample of Arabic countries facing political and economic instability
Authors: Alammar Radwan , Wardeh Almougheer 
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of this study is to determine the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the stock market returns and investigate their impact on the relationship between the macroeconomic variables (namely the inflation rate, the exchange rate, the oil prices) and the stock market returns of a sample of Arab countries facing political and economic instability, namely (Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain), during the period (2010-2020). CUSUM test is performed in order to test the presence of structural breaks in stock market indexes. In case there is evidence of structural breaks, Bai and Perron Multiple Breakpoints test is used to identify points in time where significant changes may have occurred. The timing of structural breaks is used as a control variable to examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the stock market returns through applying Johansen cointegration test. The results provide evidence of the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the Arab stock markets under study and their role in impacting the relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. The study concluded that the dynamics of how the macroeconomic variables affecting the stock market returns depends on the nature and timing of the structural break.
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Authors: Zhavoronkov A.G. 
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to my experience of going into philosophy in the context of the crisis of institutional philosophy in Russia and Europe in the second half of the 2000s and 2010s, which most affected the younger generations of philosophers. The first part is devoted to some of the events and conditions that influenced my choice of philosophy as a major subject of study. In the second part, I compare the situation of the crisis of university philosophy in Germany with the situation in Russia – from the perspective of younger generations of philosophers. In the final part, I write about my experience at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences and offer some thoughts on possible and potentially interesting perspectives for younger generations of philosophers on the development of philosophy in Russia.
Global nitrogen pollution from cropping could be cut substantially through farm size optimization amid socio-economic drivers
Authors: Liu Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mitigating nitrogen pollution in regions dominated by smallholder farming is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while feeding the growing population. Small farms with size less than two hectares, constituting around 84% of all farms globally, support food production but suffer from low nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen overuse. It remains poorly understood where to put forward future efforts in small farms to address both production and pollution challenges simultaneously. By linking agronomic research with air quality modelling, health impact as well as cost-benefit analysis, here we report the outcome of a global integrated analysis focused on enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and environmental performance by optimizing small farms. Our findings reveal that small farms, less than 2 hectares in size, apply nitrogen at a rate 2-3 times higher than large farms for major crops. The overall global nitrogen waste amounts to approximately 103 billion USD in 2020, with a significant portion in Asia (65%), followed by the Americas (15%), Africa (11%), Europe (8%), and Oceania (1%). Through optimizing small farms with consolidating fragmented lands in alignment with socio-economic drivers, we predict that substantial nitrogen use efficiency improvement can be achieved by 2-14%; this could potentially cut global nitrogen waste in half (13-71% across regions) and avoid over 142,000 premature deaths per year and generate an annual benefit of over 500 billion USD globally. Although significant investment is required for this shift, there would be substantial progress towards achieving SDGs, associated with food security and human health.
Safety and efficacy of ketorolac in improving the prognosis of acute type A aortic dissection patients: a protocol of a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study
Authors: Lv Zhi-Kang , Pan Tuo , Zhang Hai-Tao , Wang Ya-Peng , Matniyaz Yusanjian , Tang Yu-Xian , Lu Li-Chong , Wang Dong-Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Acute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) is a critical and life-threatening condition. Previous research has demonstrated that the use of ketorolac not only reduces the progression, incidence, and severity of aortic aneurysms in animal models, but also decreases postoperative mortality and complications in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the efficacy of ketorolac in treating aTAAD in humans. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ketorolac in patients with aTAAD. Our hypothesis was that ketorolac treatment for aTAAD patients would meet safety indicators and effectively improve patient prognosis.
Methods/design: This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study. A total of 120 patients with aTAAD will be recruited and will be randomised into the ketorolac group and placebo group with a ratio of 1:1.Ketorolac tromethamine 60mg per 2ml will be intramuscularly injected within 2 hours before surgery, followed by intramuscular injections of 30mg per 1ml BID. on the first and second postoperative days in the Ketorolac group, while 0.9% saline will be administered at the same dose, dosage form, and time in the placebo group. This study aims to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of ketorolac in improving the prognosis of aTAAD. The primary endpoints of the study represent changes in inflammatory indicators after drug treatment. Secondary endpoints include drug related adverse events, laboratory examination of blood, diagnostic imaging test, clinical biomarkers, etc.
Discussion: This study has been approved by Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical College (approval number: 2023-197-02). This study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ketorolac in patients with aTAAD. All participating patients will sign an informed consent form, and the trial results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals.
Trial registration: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) ChiCTR2300074394. Registered on 4 October 2023.
Behavioral Economic and Wellness-based Approaches for Reducing Alcohol Use and Consequences Among Diverse Non-Student Emerging Adults: Study Protocol for Project BLUE, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Murphy James G. , Dennhardt Ashley A. , Tempchin Jacob , Colgonis Hannah E. , McDevitt-Murphy Meghan , Borsari Brian , Berlin Kristoffer S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Emerging adults (EAs) who are not 4-year college students nor graduates are at elevated risk for lifetime alcohol use disorder, comorbid drug use, and mental health symptoms, compared to college graduates. There is a need for tailored brief alcohol intervention (BAI) approaches to reduce alcohol risk and to facilitate healthy development in this high-risk population. Most BAIs include a single session focused on discussing risks associated with drinking and correcting normative beliefs about drinking rates. EAs may benefit from additional elements that enhance general wellness. The Substance-Free Activity Session (SFAS) aims to clarify life goals and values and increase goal-directed activities that provide alternatives to alcohol use, and the Relaxation Training (RT) session teaches relaxation and stress reduction skills.
Methods: The present study is a randomized 3-group (BAI+SFAS vs. RT+SFAS vs. education control) trial with 525 EAs (175 per group; estimated 50% women & 50% African American) who report recent risky drinking and who are not students or graduates of 4-year colleges. Participants will have the option of completing the intervention sessions in person or via a secure video teleconference. Levels of drinking and alcohol-related problems will be evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12-months post-intervention. The primary hypothesis is that both BAI+SFAS and RT+SFAS participants will report significantly greater reductions in alcohol use and problems relative to education control participants, with no differences in outcomes between the two active treatment conditions.
Discussion: The results of this study will inform alcohol prevention efforts for high-risk community dwelling emerging adults.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04776278
E2F-1 inhibits ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells by activating the PSAT1/Xct/GPX4 signaling axis
Authors: Wang Po , Xiao Jun , Zeng Jin , Yang Feng , Lin Mingchao , Liang Tao , Zhan Haibo , Liu Hucheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumour that occurs mainly in children and adolescents and has a poor survival and prognosis. Currently, ferroptosis is a newly defined form of cell death, but the mechanism between it and osteosarcoma is unclear. To further investigate the relationship between osteosarcoma and ferroptosis, it is important to search for new biomolecular factors. We used bioinformatics to dig deeper into the ferroptosis gene PSAT1, which is closely associated with osteosarcoma. Although PSAT1 has been reported in other types of tumours and plays an important role in the development of many tumours, such as melanoma and breast cancer, little research has been done in the field of osteosarcoma. To explore the role of PSAT1 in osteosarcoma and its association with ferroptosis, we designed relevant experiments. Subsequently, we predicted the transcription factor E2F-1 for PSAT1 from the transcription factor frediction database and experimentally verified that E2F-1 could inhibit ferroptosis in OS cells by activating PSAT1. The results indicated that PSAT1 could promote the development of osteosarcoma and inhibit the ferroptosis process in osteosarcoma cells. This finding implies that PSAT1 may become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma in the future, bringing new breakthroughs to clinical practice.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Institutional Eldercare in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Zhou Rong , Cui Jinghang , Crandall K. Jason 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study is to examine the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the institutional eldercare in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (IE-YRDUA). It aims to analyze the developmental patterns and spatial correlations of these institutions over a twenty-year period, in order to shed light on the increasing demand for eldercare services in this economically significant region.
Methods: This study utilizes spatial analysis and factor detection methods within an economic geography framework to analyze data from 2001 to 2020. The focus of the analysis is on understanding spatial correlations and identifying factors that influence the evolution of eldercare services.
Results: The findings indicate a significant growth and distribution of eldercare institutions, with notable spatial correlations suggesting a trend towards regional agglomeration. The study also reveals imbalances in the spatial development of eldercare, with a concentration of facilities in central urban areas and a decline on the periphery. Additionally, factors such as economic level and capacity to consume have a significant impact on the spatial evolution of eldercare services.
Conclusions: This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of institutional eldercare in the Yangtze River Delta, highlighting the necessity for strategic planning and resource allocation to address spatial imbalances in eldercare provision. The insights gained from this study are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders in optimizing eldercare infrastructure and meeting the growing demands of the population.
The causal effects of genetically predicted Alcohol Consumption on Endometrial Cancer risk from a Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Yang Jie , Qu Xiang , Zheng An-jie , Jiang Fan , Chang Hui , Zhang Jin-ru , Yan Li-juan , Ning Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological tumor in females with an increasing incidence over the past few decades. Alcohol consumption has been linked to the occurrence of various cancers; However, epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent associations between alcohol consumption and EC risk. In order to avoid the influence of potential confounding factors and reverse causality in traditional epidemiological studies, we used a method based on genetic principles-Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test whether there is a causal relationship between alcohol consumption and EC. MR analysis was conducted using publicly available summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Fifty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted as instrumental variables (IVs) for alcohol exposure from the GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine (GSCAN) GWAS summary data involving 941,287 participants of European ancestry. SNPs for EC were obtained from the Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium (ECAC), the Endometrial Cancer Epidemiology Consortium (E2C2), and the UK Biobank, involving 121,885 European participants. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method to estimate the causal effect, and the MR-Egger regression and weighted median method were used as supplementary methods. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis to evaluate the impact of pleiotropy on causal estimates. An increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) of genetically predicted log-transformed alcoholic drinks per day was associated with a 43% reduction in EC risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–0.79, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis of EC revealed that alcohol consumption was a protective factor for endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38–0.83, P = 0.004) but not for non-endometrioid endometrial cancer (NEC) (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.40–4.66, P = 0.626). The MR-Egger regression and weighted median method yielded consistent causal effects with the IVW method. The consistent results of sensitivity analyses indicated the reliability of our causal estimates. Additionally, alcohol consumption was associated with decreased human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels. This MR study suggests that genetically predicted alcohol consumption is a protective factor for EC, particularly for EEC, and this protective effect may be mediated through the reduction of HCG and IGF1.
The Port-A-Cath Application and Care Knowledge Scale (PACKS) for nurses: Development and initial validation with Rasch analysis
Authors: Li Yueh Ping , Hu Fang Wen , Hsieh Hsiao Yen , Lin Chun Chang , Lin Chung Ying 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Port-A-Cath Application and Care Knowledge Scale (PACKS) for nurses and examine its initial psychometric properties.
Method: This was a methodological study. The initial 30 items of the PACKS included two subscales with items generated from a literature review, expert validity, and face validation. A questionnaire survey was then completed by clinical nurses (n =377) from three hospitals in Taiwan. Rasch analysis was used to test whether each PACKS subscale was unidimensional and whether all items in the same subscale fit with their constructs.
Results: The application knowledge PACKS subscale demonstrated evidence of unidimensionality with acceptable item fit according to the Rasch model (infit mean square [MnSq] = 0.91-1.08; outfit MnSq = 0.66-1.15). Similarly, the care knowledge PACKS subscale demonstrated evidence of unidimensionality with acceptable item fit except (infit MnSq = 0.87-1.16; outfit MnSq = 0.77-1.28) for the fifth item (outfit MnSq = 1.77). After removing the fifth item, all the remaining items had acceptable infit and outfit MnSq. However, several items displayed differential item functioning (DIF) across gender, which could have been caused by the imbalanced gender distribution in this study.
Conclusions: The PACKS is a reliable and valid instrument which clinical staff and researchers can use to evaluate nurses’ knowledge on Port-A-Cath application and care.
Liver transplant-facilitated recovery of MAIT cell from dysregulation in HBV-related liver failure demonstrates clinical benefits
Authors: Weng Xiufang , Wang Wei , Dai Chen , Zhu Peng , Wu Mi , Zhang Haoquan , Wei Qing , Zhou Ting , Tan Xiaosheng , Jiang Ying , Cheng Xue , Liang Zhihui , Wu Xiongwen , Chen Zhishui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exert multifaceted effects such as anti-microbial activity, tissue repair, and pro-fibrotic effects across various disease settings. Nonetheless, their role in liver injury and hemostasis is a current topic of debate. Here, we presented a MAIT cell-centered profiling in chronic HBV-infected patients with varying degree of liver injury and those who underwent liver transplantation. Liver transplantation facilitated a gradual recovery of recipient-originated MAIT cells from dysregulation associated with disease severity and accumulated bile acids in liver failure. Transcriptome analysis and T cell receptor (TCR) mining indicated an upregulation in MAIT cell migration during liver injury and post liver transplantation, characterized by elevated liver egress in the former and rescued liver homing receptors in the latter. TCR activation exacerbated the pathological potency of MAIT cells from liver failure patients, but conferred a protective potential in those from transplant recipients. Compromised recovery of MAIT cells was linked to post-transplantation complications, whereas prompt recovery predicated a more favorable clinical outcome. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between MAIT cells and the hepatic environment, highlighting MAIT cells as potential therapeutic targets and sensitive predictors for clinical outcome in individuals experiencing liver failure and post liver transplantation.
Cross-cultural adaptation of PIDAQ questionnaire to evaluate the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics in Chilean adolescents with malocclusion
Authors: Oneto Humberto González , Pinto María Ignacia Torres , Abuawad Yazmín Zedan , Chaparro María Macherone , Buratovic Juan Pablo Vargas , Borroto Duniel Ortuño 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) is a useful index to assess aspects of malocclusion that impact individuals' oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to perform cross-cultural adaptation of the PIDAQ questionnaire to the language of the Chilean adolescent population.
Methods: We used the framework of the Guidelines for the Transcultural Adaptation Process of self-reports and the Manuals for a language inclusive for the transcultural adaptation of the PIDAQ. The instrument was tested on 34 Chilean adolescents with malocclusion between 11 and 17 years of age. We evaluated equivalence considering criterion, content, and construct validity according to COSMIN methodology and performed Cronbach's alpha statistical test. A total of 23 items in the questionnaire were tested according to how clear and understandable the questions were to the reader and according to a Likert scale graduated in: not at all clear, unclear, clear, or very clear. For temporal stability, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
Results: We obtained a more than acceptable reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.951 for the total questionnaire. The questions grouped according to the dimensions of dental self-confidence, social impact, psychological impact, and esthetic concern obtained a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.955, 0.947, 0.946 and 0.939, respectively. The questionnaire showed high temporal stability at the test-retest with a total ICC of 0.907 (0.885-0.913).
Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the PIDAQ questionnaire achieved equivalence with the original instrument and obtained reliable criterion, content, and construct validity in Chilean adolescents.
Uncovering the Connection between Obesity and Thyroid Cancer: the Therapeutic Potential of Adiponectin receptor agonist in the AdipoR2-ULK/p-ULK1Ser555 Axis
Authors: Sun Hui , li changlin , ZHANG JIAO , dionigi gianlorenzo , guan haixia , LIANG NAN 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Adiponectin, a unique adipose-derived factor, is significantly downregulated in obesity, making it a crucial target for tumor-related metabolic research. AdipoRon is a novel adiponectin receptor agonist with the advantages of a small molecular weight, high stability and a long half-life. By screening the cervical adipose tissue of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with adipokine antibody array, we found that adiponectin was a potential correlation factor between obesity and PTC progression. AdipoRon has oral activity and is easily absorbed and delivered to target tissues. The effects of AdipoRon on thyroid cancer have not been reported. In this study, we identified adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 on the surface of thyroid cancer cell lines. AdipoRon inhibited the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells, limited energy metabolism in thyroid cancer cells, promoted differentiation of thyroid cancer cells, and induced autophagy and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that AdipoRon inhibited p-mTOR Ser2448 and p-p70S6K Thr389, and activated ULK1 and p-ULK1 Ser555. ULK-1 knockdown suppressed the effect of AdipoRon on LC3BII/I protein and lysosomes. AdipoR2 knockdown reduced AdipoRon-induced autophagy in thyroid cancer cells. This study is the first to demonstrate the role of AdipoRon in PTC. Our findings illustrate a previously unknown function and mechanism of the AdipoRon-AdipoR2-ULK/p-ULK1Ser555 axis in PTC and lay the foundation for clinical translation of AdipoRon to PTC. Targeting the AdipoRon-AdipoR2-ULK/p-ULK1Ser555 axis may represent a new therapeutic strategy for PTC.
Evaluation of malignant potential based on infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses16, 52, and 58 in the uterine cervix
Authors: Lee Juhun , Lee Hyun-Jung 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is known as the most important carcinogen in uterine cervical carcinoma. Previous studies have evaluated genotype-specific risk for carcinogenesis. However, the genotype-specific risk remains still unclear due to some limitations of those studies. This study aimed to evaluate the malignant potential of the three most prevalent HR-HPVs in Korea. Patients who underwent cervical conization were included. They had received HPV test within a year before the surgery and those exhibiting concurrent multiple infections with HR-HPVs were excluded. Of single infections with HR-HPV, the three most prevalent HR-HPVs were included to analyze. To evaluate their malignant potential, CIS+, including carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive carcinoma, was categorized in each HR-HPV group. The ratios of pathologic diagnoses and odds ratios for malignant potential were evaluated between the three most prevalent HR-HPVs. Totally 230 patients were found to have a single infection with HR-HPV16, HR-HPV52, or HR-HPV58. The HPV16 group did not exhibit a significantly more CIS, invasive carcinoma, and CIS + than HPV52 or HPV58. Physicians should pay attention to not only HPV16 but also HPV52 and HPV58 because these genotypes have similar malignant potential. These findings support the need for a nine-valent vaccine against HR-HPVs in Korea.