bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHEK2 is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Qihang , Fang Cheng , Wang Xue , Huang Shuaishuai , Weng Guobin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCheckpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) plays a crucial role in responding to DNA damage and is linked to diverse cancer types. However, its significance in the prediction of prognosis and impacts on the immune status of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the role of CHEK2 in prognosis and immune microenvironment of ccRCC. We analyzed transcriptome and clinicopathological data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and conducted functional enrichment analysis to explore molecular mechanisms. The relationship between CHEK2 and immune infiltration was evaluated, and drug sensitivity analysis was performed using the CellMiner database. The results showed that CHEK2 was an independent predictor of ccRCC prognosis and was closely associated with immune-related processes. Additionally, high expression of CHEK2 was linked to resistance to certain targeted drugs. These findings suggest that CHEK2 could serve as a biomarker for ccRCC, providing insights into tumor immune microenvironment alterations and immunotherapeutic response. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the potential of CHEK2 as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Modeling the spectral energy distribution of starburst galaxies
Authors: Theulé P. , Burgarella D. , Buat V. , Boquien M. , Trabelsi L. , Kalpogiannis O. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Analyzing multiwavelength observations of galaxies from the far-ultraviolet to the millimeter domains provides a wealth of information on the physical properties of galaxies and their evolution across cosmic time. Existing or upcoming ground-based or space-borne facilities with enhanced sensitivities and resolutions open an unprecedented window on the galaxy evolution in the early Universe. However, the derivation of galaxy properties from nebular emission lines is not trivial because the interstellar medium in a galaxy may be patchy, and emission might originate both from starburst emission regions and from partially covered photon-dominated regions.
Aims. We model both the nebular continuum emission and the line emission of the spectral energy distribution for galaxies exhibiting both a HII region-like emission and emission like that from a photon-dominated regions to account for the partial shielding of the starburst emission region by dense clouds.
Methods. Nebular galactic emission was modeled from far-ultraviolet to millimeter ranges in a two-sector model with an HII region and a photon-dominated region. The partial overlap of the HII region by the photon-dominated region was accounted for by a covering factor. We generated grids of emission spectra using the Cloudy photoionization code for our two-sector model.
Results. We compared our models with spectral lines from different samples of galaxies for which we mixed characteristic emission from starburst regions and denser regions. We show that the infrared line ratios can constrain the density, metallicity, photoionization parameter, and the covering factor. We also built infrared diagnostic diagrams based on different infrared line ratios in which the galaxy location contains information about its physical conditions.
Conclusions. The two-sector model that couples starburst emission regions and photon-dominated regions can span the existing observations. We implement the resulting emission line libraries in the CIGALE galaxy spectral energy distribution code to help interpret spectrophotometric observations.
Kinematic signatures of planet–disk interactions in vertical shear instability-turbulent protoplanetary disks
Authors: Barraza-Alfaro Marcelo , Flock Mario , Henning Thomas 
Published: December 2023

Context. Planets are thought to form inside weakly ionized regions of protoplanetary disks, where turbulence creates ideal conditions for solid growth. However, the nature of this turbulence is still uncertain. In fast cooling parts of this zone the vertical shear instability (VSI) can operate, inducing a low level of gas turbulence and large-scale gas motions. Resolving the kinematic signatures of active VSI could reveal the origin of turbulence in planet-forming disk regions. However, an exploration of kinematic signatures of the interplay between VSI and forming planets is needed for a correct interpretation of radio interferometric observations. A robust detection of VSI would lead the way to a deeper understanding of the impact of gas turbulence on planet formation.
Aims. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of VSI on the disk substructures triggered by an embedded fairly massive planet. We focus on the impact of this interplay on CO kinematic observations with the ALMA interferometer.
Methods. We conducted global 3D hydrodynamical simulations of VSI-unstable disks with and without embedded massive planets, exploring Saturn- and Jupiter-mass cases. We studied the effect of planets on the VSI gas dynamics, and made a comparison with viscous disks. Post-processing the simulations with a radiative transfer code, we examined the kinematic signatures expected in CO molecular line emission, varying disk inclination. Further, we simulated deep ALMA high-resolution observations of our synthetic images, to test the observability of VSI and planetary signatures.
Results. The embedded planet produces a damping of the VSI along a radial region, most effective at the disk midplane. For the Saturn case, the VSI modes are distorted by the planet’s spirals producing mixed kinematic signatures. For the Jupiter case, the planet’s influence dominates the overall disk gas kinematics.
Conclusions. The presence of massive planets embedded in the disk can weaken the VSI large-scale gas flows, limiting its observability in CO kinematic observations with ALMA.
The polarisation properties of the HD 181327 debris ring
Authors: Milli J. , Choquet E. , Tazaki R. , Ménard F. , Augereau J.-C. , Olofsson J. , Thébault P. , Poch O. , Levasseur-Regourd A.-C. , Lasue J. , Renard J. B. , Hadamcik E. , Baruteau C. , Schmid H. M. , Engler N. , van Holstein R. G. , Zubko E. , Lagrange A. M. , Marino S. , Pinte C. , Dominik C. , Boccaletti A. , Langlois M. , Zurlo A. , Desgrange C. , Gluck L. , Mouillet D. , Costille A. , Sauvage J. F. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Polarisation is a powerful remote-sensing tool to study the nature of particles scattering the starlight. It is widely used to characterise interplanetary dust particles in the Solar System and increasingly employed to investigate extrasolar dust in debris discs’ systems.
Aims. We aim to measure the scattering properties of the dust from the debris ring around HD 181327 at near-infrared wavelengths.
Methods. We obtained high-contrast polarimetric images of HD 181327 in the H band with the SPHERE/IRDIS instrument on the Very Large Telescope (ESO). We complemented them with archival data from HST/NICMOS in the F 110W filter reprocessed in the context of the Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments (ALICE) project. We developed a combined forward-modelling framework to simultaneously retrieve the scattering phase function in polarisation and intensity.
Results. We detected the debris disc around HD 181327 in polarised light and total intensity. We measured the scattering phase function and the degree of linear polarisation of the dust at 1.6 µm in the birth ring. The maximum polarisation is 23.6% ± 2.6% and occurs between a scattering angle of 70° and 82°.
Conclusions. We show that compact spherical particles made of a highly refractive and relatively absorbing material in a differential power-law size distribution of exponent −3.5 can simultaneously reproduce the polarimetric and total intensity scattering properties of the dust. This type of material cannot be obtained with a mixture of silicates, amorphous carbon, water ice, and porosity, and requires a more refracting component such as iron-bearing minerals. We reveal a striking analogy between the near-infrared polarisation of comets and that of HD 181327. The methodology developed here combining VLT/SPHERE and HST/NICMOS may be applicable in the future to combine the polarimetric capabilities of SPHERE with the sensitivity of JWST.
Evaluation of the “Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure
Assessment” to Predict Mortality in Late-Onset Sepsis in Very Preterm
Infants
Authors: Kraja Elvis , Demirtas Ferhan , Kostekci Yasemin Ezgi , Turker Nazmiye , Okulu Emel , Erdeve Ömer , Atasay Begum , Arsan Saadet 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction We aimed to evaluate the use of “Neonatal Sequential
Organ Failure Assessment” (nSOFA) scoring in predicting mortality, to
compare the accuracy of nSOFA scores at different time points in very preterm
infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS), and to investigate other possible
parameters that would improve the prediction.
Methods This single-center, retrospective study included preterm infants
born atS<32 weeks’ gestation with culture-proven LOS. The nSOFA
scores of non-fatal and fatal episodes were compared at nine time points.
Results Of 120 culture-proven LOS episodes in 106 infants, 90
(75%) episodes were non-fatal and 30 (25%) episodes were fatal.
The mean birth weight (BW) of the infants who died was lower than that of
survivors (p=0.038). In the fatal LOS episodes, median nSOFA scores were
higher at all time points measured before sepsis evaluation, at the time of
evaluation, and at all time points measured after the evaluation
(p<0.001). nSOFA scores before death and at 48 hours were higher in the
fatal episodes (p<0.001). At the time of sepsis assessment, nSOFA
score>4 was associated with a 7- to 16-fold increased risk of mortality.
Adjustment for BW, lymphocyte and monocyte counts increased the risk to 9- to
18-fold.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that the use of nSOFA to predict
mortality and morbidity in extremely preterm infants seems feasible. The scoring
system could be improved by evaluating the other parameters.
Therapien zur Verbesserung der Schlaganfall-Regeneration –
Ergebnisse klinischer Studien im wissenschaftlichen Kontext
Authors: Rogalewski Andreas , Schäbitz Wolf 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungZu den Erholungsprozessen nach einem Schlaganfall gehören die
Wiederherstellung oder Kompensation von Funktionen, die ursprünglich
verloren gingen oder nach einer Verletzung neu erworben wurden. Therapeutische
Eingriffe können diese Prozesse entweder direkt verbessern oder Prozesse
hemmen, die die Regeneration behindern. Zahlreiche experimentelle Studien
ließen auf eine große Chance für solche Behandlungen
hoffen, doch die Ergebnisse der jüngsten großen klinischen
Studien mit Neuromodulatoren wie Dopamin und Fluoxetin waren leider
enttäuschend. Die Gründe dafür sind vielfältig
und betreffen die Übertragung der Ergebnisse aus Tiermodellen auf den
Menschen. Diese Translationsblockade wird durch Unterschiede zwischen Tier und
Mensch in Bezug auf den genetischen und epigenetischen Hintergrund, die
Größe und Anatomie des Gehirns, die zerebrale
Gefäßanatomie, das Immunsystem sowie die klinische Funktion und
das Verhalten definiert. Zu den Rückwärtsblockaden
gehört die inkompatible Anpassung von Zielen und Ergebnissen in
klinischen Studien im Hinblick auf frühere präklinische
Erkenntnisse. So variiert beispielsweise das Design der klinischen
Regenerationsstudien stark und war durch die Auswahl unterschiedlicher
klinischer Endpunkte, die Einbeziehung eines breiten Spektrums von
Schlaganfall-Subtypen und klinischen Syndromen sowie durch unterschiedliche
Zeitfenster für den Behandlungsbeginn nach Infarktbeginn gekennzeichnet.
Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit diskutiert diese Aspekte anhand der
Ergebnisse der letzten Schlaganfall-Regenerationsstudien mit dem Ziel, einen
Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer Therapie zu leisten, die das funktionelle Ergebnis
eines chronischen Schlaganfallpatienten verbessert.
Electroencephalographic Changes in Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis
Gravidarum: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Çelik Meryem Nur , Aldemir Ramazan , Sürmeli Reyhan , Kale İbrahim , Tokmakçı Mahmut , Muhcu Murat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective Electroencephalogram (EEG), which is frequently used in the
clinical practice of neurology, has also been investigated in eating disorders
and some cortical dysfunctions have been reported. Based on this, we aimed to
investigate EEG changes in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG).
Materials and methods This case-control study was conducted on 66 pregnant
women who applied to the Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study group consisted of 34 pregnant women
diagnosed with HEG. The control group consisted of 32 healthy pregnant women who
were matched with the HEG group in terms of age and gestational week. EEGs of
the participants were performed with a Micromed Brain Rapid EEG device in the
Neurology Department of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. In EEGs, all
channels were selected as bipolar and samples of 18 channels (Fp2-F4, F4-C4,
C4-P4, P4-O2, Fp2-F8, F8-T4, T4-T6, T6-O2, Fz-Cz, Cz-Pz, Fp1-F3, F3-C3, C3-P3,
P3-O1, Fp1-F7, F7-T3, T3-T5, and T5-O1) were obtained. EEG signals were sampled
with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz and digitized with 12-bit
resolution. EEG signals were converted to EDF (European Data Format) extension
files using the MATLAB software program and analyzed using statistical features
on the time and frequency axis. HEG and control groups were compared in terms of
signals obtained from these 18 selected channels.
Results Both groups were similar in terms of mean age, gestational age,
and parity (p>0.05). Among the 18 channels, significant changes were
detected between the two groups only in the theta, beta, and gamma bands in the
C4-P4 channel and the delta, beta, and gamma bands in the T4-T6 channel
(p<0.05). No significant changes were detected in the channels and
bands.
Conclusion Theta, beta, and gamma band abnormalities in the
centro-parietal area of the right hemisphere and delta, beta, and gamma band
abnormalities in the temporal area of the right hemisphere were observed on HEG.
However, it is unclear whether abnormalities in EEG are primary changes
responsible for the development of HEG or secondary to metabolic and hormonal
changes resulting from HEG itself.
Electronic spectroscopy of gemcitabine and derivatives for possible dual-action photodynamic therapy applications
Authors: Abdelgawwad Abdelazim M. A. , Roca-Sanjuán Daniel , Francés-Monerris Antonio 
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we explore the molecular basis of combining photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-triggered targeted anticancer therapy, with the traditional chemotherapeutic properties of the well-known cytotoxic agent gemcitabine. A photosensitizer prerequisite is significant absorption of biocompatible light in the visible/near IR range, ideally between 600 and 1000 nm. We use highly accurate multiconfigurational CASSCF/MS-CASPT2/MM and TD-DFT methodologies to determine the absorption properties of a series of gemcitabine derivatives with the goal of red-shifting the UV absorption band toward the visible region and facilitating triplet state population. The choice of the substitutions and, thus, the rational design is based on important biochemical criteria and on derivatives whose synthesis is reported in the literature. The modifications tackled in this paper consist of: (i) substitution of the oxygen atom at O2 position with heavier atoms (O → S and O → Se) to red shift the absorption band and increase the spin–orbit coupling, (ii) addition of a lipophilic chain at the N7 position to enhance transport into cancer cells and slow down gemcitabine metabolism, and (iii) attachment of aromatic systems at C5 position to enhance red shift further. Results indicate that the combination of these three chemical modifications markedly shifts the absorption spectrum toward the 500 nm region and beyond and drastically increases spin–orbit coupling values, two key PDT requirements. The obtained theoretical predictions encourage biological studies to further develop this anticancer approach.
A multimodal analysis of (de)legitimation through argumentation in extremist discourse: The case of Dabiq
Authors: Rasoulikolamaki Sahar , Kaur Surinderpal , Salahshour Neda 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Even after the demise of its territorial caliphate in 2019, ISIS persists as a potent threat, adapting to new technologies and maintaining its status as an active insurgency. Amidst the backdrop of the terror group’s demonstrated resilience, this paper examines its practice of (de)legitimation and language of persuasion through a multimodal argumentation analysis. It combines the argumentation strategies (topoi) proposed by Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and tools from Social Semiotics with argumentation theories, achieved through a comprehensive enthymematic deconstruction of arguments in ISIS’s e-magazine, Dabiq. The findings reveal four interrelated sets of plausibly inferable premises, namely, advantage and disadvantage; threat and obligation; negative consequence and history; and authority and Shariah law. These premises fall within broad social, political, historical, and religious categories and are deliberately crafted to lend support to ISIS’s desired conclusions, aimed at systematically altering the addressees’ state of knowledge and eventually eliciting acceptance from the intended public.
Adopting Sustainable Practices at an Island Ecotourism Destination in Sabah through a Sea Turtle Conservation Project
Authors: Chan Jennifer Kim Lian 
Published: December 2023

Summary
This case centres on the sustainable ecotourism practices carried out on Libaran Island, Malaysia, through a sea turtle conservation project called the Walai Penyu Conservation Park. This widely recognised and award-winning project was launched and led by an ecotourism practitioner in collaboration with the island community, supported by governmental and non-governmental organisations. The project’s sustainable approaches have had significant positive impacts on the islands’ economy, environment, society, and culture. Among these impacts are the transformation of Libaran Island into an ecotourism destination, the preservation and promotion of local culture, and the generation of income for islanders through tourism job opportunities, village tour services, and handicraft sales. The project also enriches the pristine island environment by keeping its beaches clean, promoting recycling, and conserving endangered marine species (i.e., green turtles and hawksbill turtles). In summary, the project embodies the concept of sustainability and underscores the strong, interdependent relationships among the tourism industry, island communities, government agencies and NGOs.

Information
© The Author 2023
Path integral factorization and the gravitational effective action
Authors: Draper Patrick , Farkas Szilard , Karydas Manthos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We discuss the factorization and continuity properties of fields in the Euclidean gravitational path integral with higher dimension operators constructed from powers of the Riemann tensor. We construct the boundary terms corresponding to the microcanonical ensemble and show that the saddle point approximation to the path integral with a quasilocal energy constraint generally yields a saddle point with discontinuous temperature. This extends a previous result for the Euclidean Schwarzschild–de Sitter geometry in Einstein gravity and shows that it is robust against at least some types of quantum corrections from heavy fields. As an application, we compute the entropy of SdS in D = 4 using the BTZ method. Our result matches the entropy calculated using Wald’s formula.
Chilled sampling for uncertainty quantification: a motivation from a meteorological inverse problem
*
Authors: Héas P , Cérou F , Rousset M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) extracted from satellite imagery are the only wind observations with good global coverage. They are important features for feeding numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Several Bayesian models have been proposed to estimate AMVs. Although critical for correct assimilation into NWP models, very few methods provide a thorough characterization of the estimation errors. The difficulty of estimating errors stems from the specificity of the posterior distribution, which is both very high dimensional, and highly ill-conditioned due to a singular likelihood, which becomes critical in particular in the case of missing data (unobserved pixels). Motivated by this difficult inverse problem, this work studies the evaluation of the (expected) estimation errors using gradient-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. The main contribution is to propose a general strategy, called here ‘chilling’, which amounts to sampling a local approximation of the posterior distribution in the neighborhood of a point estimate. From a theoretical point of view, we show that under regularity assumptions, the family of chilled posterior distributions converges in distribution as temperature decreases to an optimal Gaussian approximation at a point estimate given by the maximum a posteriori, also known as the Laplace approximation. Chilled sampling therefore provides access to this approximation generally out of reach in such high-dimensional nonlinear contexts. From an empirical perspective, we evaluate the proposed approach based on some quantitative Bayesian criteria. Our numerical simulations are performed on synthetic and real meteorological data. They reveal that not only the proposed chilling exhibits a significant gain in terms of accuracy of the AMV point estimates and of their associated expected error estimates, but also a substantial acceleration in the convergence speed of the MCMC algorithms.
Breakdown modes in nanosecond pulsed micro-discharges at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Chen Lei , Wu Hao , Chen Zili , Wang Yu , Yi Lin , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nanosecond pulse micro-discharges at atmospheric pressure have garnered attention because of their unique physics and numerous applications. In this study, we employed a one-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model coupled with an external circuit, using an unequal weight algorithm to investigate the breakdown processes in micro-discharges driven by pulses with voltage ranging from 1 kV to 50 kV at atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrate that nanosecond pulse-driven microplasma discharges exhibit different breakdown modes under various pulse voltage amplitudes. We present the discharge characteristics of two modes: ‘no-breakdown’ when the breakdown does not occur, and ‘runaway breakdown mode’ and ‘normal breakdown mode’ when the breakdown does happen. In the runaway breakdown mode, the presence of runaway electrons leads to a phenomenon in which the electron density drops close to zero during the pulse application phase. Within this mode, three submodes are observed: local mode, transition mode, and gap mode, which arise from different secondary electron generation scenarios. As the pulse voltage amplitude increases, a normal breakdown mode emerges, characterized by the electron density not dropping close to zero during the pulse application phase. Similarly, three sub-modes akin to those in the runaway breakdown mode exist in this mode, also determined by secondary electrons. In these modes, we find that electron loss during the pulse application phase is dominated by boundary absorption, whereas during the afterglow phase, it is dominated by recombination. Ion losses are primarily governed by recombination. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the discharge mechanisms during the breakdown process.