bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing LEGO with macromolecules: Design, synthesis, and self‐organization with metal complexes
Authors: Lohmeijer Bas G. G. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral synthetic strategies for the incorporation of supramolecular binding units into polymers are described. Specifically, terpyridine ligands have been introduced into polymers in such a way that they are distributed either randomly throughout the polymer backbone or at the chain end(s). Two terpyridine ligands form octahedral complexes with a variety of transition‐metal ions, each having different properties. Some general statements regarding metal complex stability are presented as well as a special case representing the selective construction of heteroleptic terpyridine complexes. This leads to a kind of LEGO system for connecting and disconnecting the polymer blocks via metal complexes. Metallo‐supramolecular block copolymers, graft copolymers, and chain‐extended polymers can be designed and prepared with the principles described. Once the design parameters have been derived, thorough control over the final material and its properties can be gained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1413–1427, 2003
Synthesis of novel π‐conjugating polymers based on dibenzothiophene
Authors: Nemoto Nobukatsu , Kameshima Hisamitsu , Okano Yuta , Endo Takeshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNovel π‐conjugating polymers based on dibenzothiophene were synthesized with a novel dibenzothiophene derivative, 2,8‐bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)dibenzothiophene (1), prepared from dibenzothiophene. The Suzuki coupling polycondensation of 1 with 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene, 3,6‐dibromo‐9‐octylcarbazole, or 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐dioctyloxybenzene afforded the corresponding dibenzothiophene‐based polymers. The measurements of photoluminescence indicated that all these polymers exhibited blue emission in solution. The copolymer containing dibenzothiophene and 9,9‐dioctylfluorene units exhibited higher thermal stability than poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)], although the quantum yield of copolymer was lower than that of poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1521–1526, 2003
Synthesis and optical properties of fluorinated poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)s
Authors: Kim Jae‐Pil , Kang Jae‐Wook , Kim Jang‐Joo , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFluorinated dihydroxy phosphine oxide monomers were synthesized via chlorination, Grignard, and demethylation techniques. The prepared monomer was successfully polymerized with each of the three perfluorinated monomers (decafluorobiphenyl, decafluorobenzophenone, and pentafluorophenylsulfide) by nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The average molecular weight ranged between 7800 and 14,900 g/mol. The glass‐transition temperatures of the polymers were registered in the range of 185–235 °C, and all the polymers exhibited high thermal stability up to 326–408 °C. The results of the refractive‐index measurements indicated control of the refractive index between 1.5181 and 1.5536 and an optical loss of 0.53 dB/cm at 1550 nm. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1497–1503, 2003
Controlled polymerization of activated glycine esters by copper(II) chelate
Authors: Naka Kensuke , Nemoto Tadamasa , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe a novel method of polymerization, via the insertion of activated glycine esters into N‐salicylideneglycinato‐aquo‐copper(II) chelate (1), that uses the reactivity of the metal chelate. In the absence of 1, a high molecular weight polyglycine was formed as a white precipitate after triethylamine was added to an N,N‐dimethylformamide solution of 4‐nitrophenyl glycinate (3a). In the presence of 5 mol % 1, however, the polymerization proceeded homogeneously. After the reaction mixture was poured into tetrahydrofuran, a condensation product of glycine was obtained. According to gel permeation chromatography analysis, the product consisted of high and low molecular weight fractions. The former and latter were obtained by self‐polycondensation and polycondensation via the insertion of 3a into 1, respectively. So that the self‐polycondensation of activated glycinates would be depressed, 2‐chlorophenyl (3b), 3‐chlorophenyl (3c), 4‐chlorophenyl, and phenyl glycinates were used as less activated glycine esters. For the polymerization of 3b and 3c, the polymerization via the insertion of activated glycinates into 1 was promoted. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1504–1510, 2003
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable poly(ester anhydride) based on ε‐caprolactone and adipic anhydride initiated by potassium poly(ethylene glycol)ate
Authors: Li Zhen , Gao Mingyuan , Yuan Minglong , Hao Jianyuan , Deng Xianmo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNovel biodegradable poly(ester anhydride) block copolymers based on ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and adipic anhydride (AA) were prepared by sequential polymerization. ε‐CL was first initiated by potassium poly(ethylene glycol)ate and polymerized into active chains (PCL‐O−K+), which were then used to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of AA. The effects of the AA feed ratio, solvent polarity, monomer concentration, and temperature on sequential polymerization were investigated. The copolymers, obtained under different conditions, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The GPC results showed that the weight‐average molecular weights of the block copolymers were approximately 6.0 × 104. The DSC results indicated the immiscibility of the two components. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1511–1520, 2003
Appraisal of the cancer experience by older long‐term survivors
Authors: Bowman Karen F. , Deimling Gary T. , Smerglia Virginia , Sage Paulette , Kahana Boaz 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCancer survivorship is best viewed as a process that continues across the life span. Appraisals of cancer change over time and may not be explicit until long after treatment completion. The current study, using the Lazarus and Folkman (1984) stress‐appraisal‐coping framework, explored factors related to both a stressful and an irrelevant appraisal of the cancer experience by older long‐term survivors. Hierarchical regression analysis investigated the individual and cumulative effects of person factors (survivors' demographic characteristics, beliefs about the effect of cancer on family members) and situation factors (characteristics of cancer) on survivors' appraisals that cancer was a stressful life event. The strongest correlates of the stress appraisal were person factors. A more stressful appraisal was associated with: (1) the belief that diagnosis/treatment caused greater family distress, (2) being younger, and (3) being White. The irrelevant appraisal had a marginally significant correlate in bivariate analysis and was not included in regression analysis. Implications for health‐care professionals and patient/family interventions are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and quality of life after stoma surgery in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Cheung Yuk Lung , Molassiotis Alexander , Chang Anne M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the use of progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT) on anxiety and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients after stoma surgery. A randomised controlled trial was used with repeated measures assessment over 10 weeks post‐stoma surgery. Fifty‐nine patients participated in the study and were randomised to a control group receiving routine care (n=30) and an experimental group receiving routine care and PMRT through two teaching sessions and practice at home for the first 10 weeks. The State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and two Quality of Life Scales were used to collect the data of interest in three occasions, namely during hospitalisation, at week 5 and at week 10 post‐surgery. The use of PMRT significantly decreased state anxiety and improved generic quality of life in the experimental group (P<0.05), especially in the domains of physical health, psychological health, social concerns and environment. Social relationships decreased in both groups. In relation to the disease‐specific quality of life measure, differences were observed only in the 10‐week assessment, with the experimental group reporting better quality of life at 10 weeks, but not over time as compared to the control group. The use of PMRT should be incorporated in the long‐term care of colorectal cancer patients, as it can improve their psychological health and quality of life. This may be a cost‐effective intervention that needs minimal training and could easily be offered to those patients that they would like to use it as part of the specialist care provided to stoma patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐treatment sexual adjustment following cervical and endometrial cancer: a qualitative insight
Authors: Juraskova I. , Butow P. , Robertson R. , Sharpe L. , McLeod C. , Hacker N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThere is an increasing number of long‐term survivors of cervical and endometrial cancer for whom quality of life is of major importance. We interviewed 20 women (aged 19–64) to explore the dynamics and components of post‐treatment sexual adjustment and its impact on quality of life. Stratification by treatment received (surgery alone, surgery plus external‐beam radiation, surgery plus brachytherapy, and surgery plus external‐beam radiation and brachytherapy) and time since treatment (immediately post treatment, during the next 2 years and thereafter) was undertaken, to ensure representation of all relevant experiences and views, and to allow time for any long‐term side effects to appear. The NUD*IST software (Non‐numerical Unstructured Data by Indexing, Searching and Theorising) was used to assist with the coding of audio‐taped, transcribed interviews and to search for themes and segments. While the data supported findings reported in the literature, important new themes emerged in the course of the qualitative analysis. These included: (a) issues related to being ‘feminine’, (b) the role of intimacy in post‐treatment adjustment and (c) the importance of communication between health professionals, patients and partners. A model is presented that integrates these issues and highlights the need for effective interventions to improve post‐treatment outcomes. The provision of information, support and modification of rehabilitation devices is suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical judgement and information seeking by nurses and physicians working with cancer patients
Authors: Salanterä S. , Eriksson E. , Junnola T. , Salminen E.K. , Lauri S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study examined and compared the processes of information collection and clinical judgement by nurses (n=107) and physicians (n=27) working with cancer patients. The data was collected in two university hospitals by means of a computer‐simulated case description and the thinking‐aloud method. Data interpretation was based on SPSS statistical software and the method of content analysis. Statistical differences between the two groups were tested with non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis Anova or the Mann–Whitney U‐test. The Wilcoxon test was applied in pairwise comparisons. Independent questions were analysed by cross‐tabulation and Pearson's χ2.According to the results nurses and physicians apply different approaches to clinical judgement and problem‐solving. On the basis of the status statement they received in the program both groups pointed to similar problems and sought a great deal of additional information. However the type of information required was different in the two groups. There were also significant differences in the knowledge base applied for purposes of clinical judgement: nurses tended to rely on personal knowledge, physicians on theory. Physicians were able to identify their patient's major clinical problems, but nurses had more difficulty doing this. On the other hand, nurses took a broader view on the general well‐being of patients than physicians did. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient care in multidisciplinary cancer clinics: Does attention to psychosocial needs predict patient satisfaction?
Authors: Walker Mark S. , Ristvedt Stephen L. , Haughey Bruce H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSatisfaction with treatment is an important early indicator of medical outcome for cancer patients. This study examined patient satisfaction with treatment‐planning and follow‐up appointments among 58 recently diagnosed ENT and GI cancer patients seen at a multidisciplinary cancer clinic. Patients reported which medical specialties they saw, whether adjuvant treatment was planned, and whether they had a chance to discuss their feelings about the diagnosis. Patients also rated the attention paid by staff to several psychosocial issues considered relevant to cancer. These included how the patient was coping, support services available, and the issue of common emotional reactions to cancer. Patients then rated their overall satisfaction with their clinic visits. Overall satisfaction was predicted by younger age, female gender, and greater attention to how patients were coping with their illness. Having a chance to discuss one's feelings about the diagnosis, and staff attention to other psychosocial issues, also predicted patient satisfaction. The relationship of these psychosocial issues to patient satisfaction did not vary by gender. Results suggest that patient satisfaction may be enhanced when hospital staff attend to and provide for the psychosocial needs engendered by a diagnosis of cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deliberate choices of restrictions in complete randomization
Authors: Arvidsson M. , Gremyr I. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractComplete randomization is often emphasized in literature as an important feature in the planning phase of experimental design. However, complete randomization is seldom strictly applied in industrial experimentation, as it often demands resources not available to the experimenter. In this paper, consequences of incomplete randomization are discussed. To illustrate, an experiment conducted on an injection‐moulding process is used. The objective of this paper is to develop a pragmatic and user‐friendly decision tree which supports the experimenter in choosing about restrictions in complete randomization. Furthermore, the decision tree emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between randomization and resetting; increasing the awareness of their different consequences for the experimental result. In summary, the decision tree presented here should be useful in the planning phase of experiments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capability measures for processes with multiple characteristics
Authors: Chen K. S. , Pearn W. L. , Lin P. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractProcess capability indices, such as $C_p$, $C_a$, and $C_{pk}$, have been widely used in the manufacturing industry providing numerical measures on process precision, process accuracy, and process performance. Capability measures for processes with a single characteristic have been investigated extensively. However, capability measures for processes with multiple characteristics are comparatively neglected. In this paper, we consider a generalization of the yield index $S_{pk}$ proposed by Boyles, for processes with multiple characteristics. We establish a relationship between the generalization and the process yield. We also develop a control chart based on the proposed generalization, which displays all the characteristic measures in one single chart. Using the chart, the engineers can effectively monitor and control the performance of all process characteristics simultaneously. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributional properties of estimated capability indices based on subsamples
Authors: Vännman Kerstin , Hubele Norma Faris 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUnder the assumption of normality, the distribution of estimators of a class of capability indices, containing the indices $C_p$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$ and $C_{pmk}$, is derived when the process parameters are estimated from subsamples. The process mean is estimated using the grand average and the process variance is estimated using the pooled variance from subsamples collected over time for an in‐control process. The derived theory is then applied to study the use of hypothesis testing to assess process capability. Numerical investigations are made to explore the effect of the size and number of subsamples on the efficiency of the hypothesis test for some indices in the studied class. The results for $C_{pm}$ and $C_{pk}$ indicate that, even when the total number of sampled observations remains constant, the power of the test decreases as the subsample size decreases. It is shown how the power of the test is dependent not only on the subsample size and the number of subsamples, but also on the relative location of the process mean from the target value. As part of this investigation, a simple form of the cumulative distribution function for the non‐central $\chi^2$‐distribution is also provided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a maintenance strategy by the analysis of the rate of repair
Authors: Pérès François , Noyes Daniel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe evaluation of maintenance strategies is a problem which has been widely tackled. However, it remains a topic worthy of consideration since the economic stakes peculiar to this activity are huge. The work presented in this paper deals with this problem under the point of view of data feedback. A statistical analysis is made from the examination of the forms of the failure rate distribution. The laws resulting from the implementation of a given maintenance strategy inform us about the relevance of the choices representative of this strategy. The construction of these laws from a raw time of repair is a global approach which tends to hide the induced phenomenon. A decomposition of the repair process into phases allows us to better identify the influence of the strategy parameters. The analysis of each elementary phase distribution is interesting since it givesinformation about the performance of the implemented maintenance strategy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control limits for CCC charts in the presence of inspection errors
Authors: Ranjan P. , Xie M. , Goh T. N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe control chart based on cumulative count of conforming (CCC) items between the occurrence of two non‐conforming ones, or the CCC chart, has been shown to be very useful for monitoring high‐quality processes. However, as in the implementation of other Shewhart‐type control charts, it is usually assumed that the inspection is free of error. This assumption may not be valid and this may have a significant impact on the interpretation of the control chart and the setting of control limits. This paper first investigates the effect of inspection errors and discusses the setting of control limits in such cases. Even if inspection errors are considered, the average time to alarm increases in the beginning when the process deteriorates. Since this is undesirable, the control limits in the presence of inspection errors should be set so as to maximize the average run length when the process is at the normal level. A procedure is presented for solving this problem. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of standard and individual limits Phase I Shewhart $\overline{X}$, $R$, and $S$ charts
Authors: Champ Charles W. , Chou Shou‐Peng 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhase I control charts are used as aids in bringing a process into and defining the meaning of a process being in a state of statistical in‐control. This is done by looking at the data in retrospect to answer the question ‘were these data taken from an in‐control process?’ Typically the data is collected as independent random samples taken periodically from the output of the process. Commonly it is recommended that each sample be compared via a statistic(s) to a control limit(s) that is (are) function(s) of all the data. We refer to these charts as ‘standard limits’ charts. An alternative method is to compare each sample with all or some subcollection of the remaining samples. These charts are referred to as ‘individual’ limits charts. The individual limits charts appear to be attractive in detecting a sample from an out‐of‐control process when the other samples were taken when the process was in‐control. We demonstrate using a simple probability analysis that a standard limits Phase I Shewhart $\overline{X}$ chart performs better than the individual limits Phase I Shewhart $\overline{X}$ chart. Furthermore, it is shown that the individual limits Phase I Shewhart $R$ charts can be designed to be equivalent. This also holds for the individual and standard limits Phase I Shewhart $S$ charts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some flexible families of intensities for non‐homogeneous Poisson process models and their Bayes inference
Authors: Ryan Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNon‐homogeneous Poisson processes are useful for modeling repairable system reliability. An NHPP is specified in terms of a non‐negative failure rate or intensity function. Standard parametric forms such as the well‐known power law process intensity are constant, increasing without bound or decreasing to zero. These provide limited flexibility in modeling. For example, under them the failure rate of a system cannot increase or decrease to a positive, finite constant. In this article we consider a variety of more flexible (and yet tractable) families of intensities built on the notion of switching in time between two simple constituent intensities. We consider the problem of Bayesian inference in these families based on Markov chain Monte Carlo posterior samples. Examples are provided. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access control: principles and solutions
Authors: De Capitani di Vimercati Sabrina , Paraboschi Stefano , Samarati Pierangela 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAccess control is the process of mediating every request to resources and data maintained by a system and determining whether the request should be granted or denied. The variety and complexity of the protection requirements that may need to be imposed makes access control a far from trivial process. Expressiveness and flexibility are top requisites for an access control system together with, and usually in conflict with, simplicity and efficiency. In this paper, we discuss the main desiderata for access control systems and illustrate the main characteristics of access control solutions in some of the most popular existing systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CA‐PK: conditional access for broadcast networks
Authors: Nidd M. , Husemann D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a conditional access solution suitable for broadcast networks (e.g. Eureka‐147 DAB, XM Radio's SDARS, etc.). This solution, called CA‐PK (Conditional Access through Public Keys), can only be implemented in software, although it can utilize external crypto processors and allows a content provider to operate a conditional access system independently of third parties (i.e. DAB or GSM network operators). Furthermore, it integrates the consumer into the protection chain, creating a social environment that discourages illegal redistribution of access keys. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.