bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of WASP and Scar1/WAVE1 actin‐associated proteins is differentially modulated during differentiation of HL‐60 cells
Authors: Launay Sophie , Brown Geoffrey , Machesky Laura M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is a disease associated with mutations in the WAS gene and characterised by developmental defects in haematopoietic cells such as myeloid cells. The Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP)‐family includes Scar1 and WASP, which are key regulators of actin reorganization in motile cells. To understand the roles of Scar1 and WASP in myeloid cells and their cytoskeletal control in haematopoietic tissues, we have explored their expression during differentiation of the promyeloid cell line HL‐60. Undifferentiated HL‐60 cells expressed Scar1 and WASP, and differentiation to neutrophils, induced by retinoic acid or non‐retinoid agent treatments, led to a decrease in the level of expression of Scar1, whereas WASP expression was unaffected. Differentiation to monocytes/macrophages, induced by phorbol ester treatment, resulted in a decreased expression of both proteins in the adherent mature cells. Vitamin D3 treatment or cytochalasin D in combination with PMA treatment did not affect WASP expression suggesting that adhesion and cytoskeletal integrity were both essential to regulate WASP expression. Scar1 expression was regulated by differentiation, adhesion, and cytoskeletal integrity. Recently, WASP was found to colocalize with actin in the podosomes. In contrast, we show here that Scar1 did not localize with the podosomes in mature monocytes/macrophages. These observations show for the first time that modulation of Scar1 and WASP expression is a component of the differentiation program of myeloid precursors and indicate that WASP and Scar1 have different roles in mature myeloid cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 54:274–285, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle‐specific microtubule‐associated protein 4 is expressed early in myogenesis and is not sufficient to induce microtubule reorganization
Authors: Casey Liam M. , Lyon Hiram D. , Olmsted Joanna B. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe expression of a muscle‐specific variant of microtubule‐associated protein 4 (mMAP4) has been analyzed during myogenesis of C2C12 cells using an isoform‐specific antibody. MMAP4 localizes to microtubules (MTs) and is expressed prior to a very early morphogenetic event, the formation of mononucleate spindle‐shaped cells. MMAP4 protein appears at about the same time as titin and coincident with Golgi reorganization, but antedates myosin expression. Misexpression of EGFP‐mMAP4 in non‐muscle and proliferating C2C12 cells does not induce dramatic changes in MT organization or stability, nor in Golgi organization. Expression of full‐length mMAP4 or of a truncated form lacking the MT‐binding domain does not disrupt myotube formation or myofibrillogenesis. While previous antisense studies indicated that mMAP4 is necessary for normal myotube formation [Mangan and Olmsted, 1996: Development 122:771–781], these data indicate mMAP4 is not sufficient to induce the reorganization of MTs or the Golgi into patterns typical of muscle cells. Thus, with respect to MT organizing properties, this tissue‐specific variant differs from related neuronal MAPs, MAP2, and tau, which induce neural‐like changes in MT organization. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 54:317–336, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beg, borrow, or steal. finding ideas for new NMR experiments
Authors: Freeman Ray 
Published: February 2003

AbstractInspiration for new NMR experiments can sometimes come from other disciplines, far removed from magnetic resonance. Five disparate examples are presented: optimum weighing strategies, radar technology, Darwin's theory of evolution, quantum computers, and simulation of brain function. The applications range from multiple selective irradiation experiments that retain the multiplex advantage, radiofrequency oscillators that “follow” the magnetic field, a solvent suppression scheme, a pulse sequence for the “universal swap” operation, and “designer” radiofrequency pulses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 17A: 71–85, 2003.
A primer for nuclear magnetic relaxation in liquids
Authors: Murali Nagarajan , Krishnan V.V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis article is a primer that is intended to serve as a concise source of information for researchers interested in learning relaxation aspects in NMR. Explicit expressions have been derived for the equation of motion of nuclear spins in the solution state. General expressions valid for all motional regimes, including anisotropy of spin interactions and molecular motions, are presented. Intricate details that impact the validity of various expressions have been elaborated and efforts have been made to maintain consistent notation. The suitable examples given here should help in the understanding of the concepts developed in the theory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 17A: 86–116, 2003.
Computer simulations in solid‐state NMR. I. Spin dynamics theory
Authors: Edén Mattias 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis article is the first in a series of publications that discuss the basics of the writing of computer programs for simulating solid‐state NMR experiments with static and rotating samples. The present article gives an account of the relevant NMR theory needed for writing NMR simulation computer codes. The concept of irreducible spherical tensors is reviewed, as is how it may be used to construct Hamiltonians that represent the various NMR interactions. The spin dynamics that links the Hamiltonian to the time evolution of the nuclear spins and the detection of the NMR time‐domain signal is discussed for static and rotating solids, as well as the relationship between the form of the Hamiltonian and the resulting NMR spectrum. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 17A: 117–154, 2003.
Nitric oxide suppression triggers apoptosis through the FKHRL1 (FOXO3A)/ROCK kinase pathway in human breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Radisavljevic Zivotije 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe winged helix/forkhead transcriptional factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a) triggers apoptosis, but its mode of action is not well understood. ROCK kinase is an effector molecule in human breast carcinoma cell apoptosis, but its relation to FKHRL1 is unknown. Because the human breast carcinoma T47D cell line releases a great amount of nitric oxide (NO), I investigated signaling of FKHRL1 to ROCK kinase during NO suppression.METHODSExpression of phosphorylated FKHRL1 in T47D cells was analyzed using Western blotting. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Transfection of FKHRL1‐HA wild‐type and mutant FKHRL1‐HA T32A constructs were performed by lipofectamine plus reagent. Measurement of NO generation was performed by Griess reaction.RESULTSNitric oxide suppression promotes FKHRL1 thr‐32‐enhanced phosphorylation, which was significantly (P < 0.005) sensitive to Y‐27632, a specific inhibitor of the ROCK kinase, but not to capase‐3 inhibitor or wortnannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositol‐3‐OH kinase (PI3K). Nitric oxide suppression by N‐G‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine, an inhibitor of NO synthase, causes a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the apoptosis of T47D cells. However, a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in NO generation and a significant (P < 0.01) increase in apoptosis were observed when FKHRL1‐HA wild‐type cells were transfected, which caused increased FKHRL1 thr‐32 phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONSThis novel unknown phenomenon of breast carcinoma cell apoptosis was triggered by NO suppression, which promotes FKHRL1 thr‐32‐enhanced phosphorylation and initiates signaling of FKHRL1 to ROCK kinase as an effector molecule. This apoptotic signalling process is caspase‐3 as well as PI3K/Akt independent. Cancer 2003;97:1358–63. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10081
Socioeconomic status and breast carcinoma survival in four racial/ethnic groups
Authors: O'Malley Cynthia D. , Le Gem M. , Glaser Sally L. , Shema Sarah J. , West Dee W. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough overall survival for invasive breast carcinoma remains high, black women experience poorer survival than whites. Less is known about the survival of Hispanics and Asians, who may share clinical and socioeconomic risk factors similar to blacks. To better understand racial/ethnic survival patterns, we investigated the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and disease stage on racial/ethnic differences in breast carcinoma survival in a large population‐based cohort.METHODSUsing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER), we identified 10,414 white, 940 black, 1100 Hispanic, and 1180 Asian females diagnosed with breast carcinoma in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area between 1988 and 1992. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to generate survival rates and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of death by race/ethnicity, after adjustment for clinical, demographic, and census‐derived SES variables.RESULTSThe 10‐year unadjusted survival rates were 81% for whites, 69% for blacks, 75% for Hispanics, and 79% for Asians. Adjusting for stage decreased the relative risk of mortality for blacks from 1.81 to 1.29; the stage‐adjusted relative risk for Hispanics (1.11) and Asians (1.02) did not differ significantly from whites. Additional adjustment for age, tumor characteristics, and treatment factors did little to alter the relative risk in blacks; adding blue‐collar status to the model further decreased the relative risks for blacks to 1.22. Residing in a blue‐collar neighborhood was independently associated with a 1.16 increase in risk of death.CONCLUSIONSAfter adjustment for multiple factors, blacks continue to have slight but significantly poorer survival after breast carcinoma compared with whites, whereas the survival of Hispanics and Asians did not differ from whites. Cancer 2003;97:1303–11. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11160
Cisplatin‐based combined modality therapy for anal carcinoma
Authors: Hung Arthur , Crane Christopher , Delclos Marc , Ballo Matthew , Ajani Jaffer , Lin Edward , Feig Barry , Skibber John , Janjan Nora 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDDefinitive chemoradiation therapy is the standard of care for anal carcinoma. The chemotherapy regimen comprising 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and mitomycin‐C is the most commonly used among patients with anal carcinoma but causes well documented toxicities. In the current study, the authors evaluated their experience in treating anal carcinoma with combined modality therapy using cisplatin and 5‐FU.METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed of 92 patients with nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus who were treated between 1989 and 1998. The primary tumor and involved lymph nodes received a total dose of 55 grays (Gy) administered in more than 30 daily fractions. Cisplatin (4 mg/m2/day) and 5‐FU (250 mg/m2/day) were given as a continuous infusion, 5 days each week during the entire radiation course. Kaplan–Meier methodology was used to determine local control (LC), disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).RESULTSTen patients had T1 or Tx, 43 had T2, 27 had T3, and 12 patients had T4 disease. There were 21 male and 71 female patients. Sixty‐five patients (71%) were lymph node negative. With a median follow‐up duration of 44 months, the actuarial 5‐year OS rate was 85%, the DFS rate was 77%, and the colostomy‐free survival rate was 82%. Local recurrences occurred in 16 patients (17%). Distant metastases (DM) occurred in eight patients (9%). Advanced T classification (> T2) predicted lower LC and DFS rates. Advanced N classification (> N1) predicted worse DFS, OS, and DM rates. Greater than 90% of patients completed treatment without significant treatment interruption. Only five patients developed acute toxicities of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Grade 4 or higher and only three patients developed chronic toxicities of RTOG Grade 4 or higher.CONCLUSIONSCombined modality therapy with continuous infusion of cisplatin and 5‐FU is a well tolerated regimen that results in high rates of LC, OS, and sphincter preservation. These rates are comparable to the best results reported with mitomycin‐C and 5‐FU. Without the normally severe toxicity, cisplatin‐based therapy results in a wider therapeutic index. Cancer 2003;97:1195–202. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11161
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Satoshi , Wada Takuro , Nagoya Satoshi , Ikeda Tatsuru , Isu Kazuo , Yamashiro Katsushige , Kawai Akira , Ishii Takeshi , Araki Nobuhito , Myoui Akira , Matsumoto Seiichi , Umeda Tohru , Yoshikawa Hideki , Hasegawa Tadashi 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare malignant neoplasm. Despite a consensus for the distinct clinicopathologic entity of EMC, its clinical features remain controversial. In addition, most studies have contained a small number of patients who underwent definitive surgical treatment.METHODSForty‐two cases of EMC, which had been identified from files of eight affiliated hospitals and confirmed for histologic diagnosis at the Pathology Center, were analyzed for histologic grade, demographics, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors. The average follow‐up period was 7.4 years.RESULTSIncluded in the study were 20 men and 22 women with a mean age at diagnosis of 52.1 years. The tumors were located mainly in the lower extremities (69%). Thirty‐three tumors (79%) were classified as Grade 1 and nine as Grade 2 according to the modified French System. Overall survival was 100% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years. Disease‐free survival was 45% at 5 years and 36% at 10 years. Inadequate initial surgery was defined as a significant risk factor for local recurrence by univariate analysis of all 42 patients but not by the analysis of those 30 patients who had undergone wide tumor excision or amputation. Wide excision led to the recurrence rate of 14%.CONCLUSIONSThese findings supported the role of wide excision in the local control of EMC, irrespective of the previous excision procedure or recurrence. The protracted clinical course of the tumors and the presence of patients who had distant metastasis develop after definitive surgery of the primary tumor represented EMC as intermediate malignancy. Cancer 2003;97:1285–92. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11162
Oral pseudotumor
Authors: Oota Sayako , Shibuya Hitoshi , Hamagaki Miwako , Yoshimura Ryo‐ichi , Iwaki Hiroshi , Kojima Masaru , Takagi Minoru 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study evaluated postirradiation pseudotumor in the oral cavity to investigate clinical and pathologic characteristics and incidence rates.METHODSBetween 1960 and 1999, 2719 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were treated with radiation therapy at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Of these, six patients developed clinically polypoid tumors pathologically diagnosed as pseudotumors. Histopathology, immunohistology, and the clinical courses of these lesions were investigated.RESULTSSpindled fibroblastic cells arranged in whorled patterns were common pathologic features. Immunohistochemical results showed reactivity for vimentin and smooth muscle actin and nonreactivity for cytokeratin. The latent period from the initial radiation therapy to the development of the pseudotumor ranged from 45 to 145 months (median, 79 months). The overall cumulative incidence of pseudotumor was 0.22% during the 40 year period. All six patients were cured with simple excisions.CONCLUSIONSOral carcinoma patients treated with radiation therapy may develop pseudotumor in a low frequency with a shorter period than that of radiation induced carcinoma/sarcoma. Pseudotumor was curable with surgery. Pseudotumor should be added to the list of differential diagnosis for postirradiation oral polypoid masses. Cancer 2003;97:1353–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11164
Intraoperative and conformal external‐beam radiation therapy with protracted 5‐fluorouracil infusion in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Furuse Junji , Kinoshita Taira , Kawashima Mitsuhiko , Ishii Hiroshi , Nagase Michitaka , Konishi Masaru , Nakagohri Toshio , Inoue Kazuto , Ogino Takashi , Ikeda Hiroshi , Maru Yasushi , Yoshino Masahiro 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemoradiotherapy is widely used for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and feasibility of chemoradiotherapy with more intensive radiotherapy in these patients, using a combination of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), conformal external‐beam radiaotherapy (EBRT), and protracted 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU).METHODSThirty patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma were enrolled in this Phase II study. The treatment consisted of IORT (25 grays [Gy]), followed by EBRT (40 Gy in 20 fractions, 5 times per week), and concurrent protracted 5‐FU infusion (200 mg/m2), beginning 2–4 weeks after IORT. The authors evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of this treatment by following up patients for 12.0–28.1 months. Survival from the date of IORT was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.RESULTSIn 11 of the 30 patients, metastatic spread was detected in the abdominal cavity at laparotomy. The full EBRT dose was administered in 28 of the 30 patients. Of the remaining 2 patients, EBRT was terminated at 8 Gy due to progression of brain metastasis and another patient did not receive EBRT or chemotherapy due to massive ascites after IORT. The overall response rate for primary pancreatic tumor on dynamic computed tomography scan was 23.3% (7 partial responses). Grade 3 or 4 toxicity (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) was observed in 15 of the 28 patients who received the full irradiation dose (53.6%). These included anorexia, nausea, emesis, fatigue, leukopenia, and/or elevation of transaminase levels. There were no directly treatment‐related deaths, but 1 patient died of hepatic failure related to late effects of irradiation after 25.6 months. The median survival time of the 30 patients was 7.8 months and the 2‐year survival rate was 8.1%. The median survival time of the 19 patients without metastatic spread in the abdominal cavity was 12.9 months and that of the 11 patients with metastatic spread was 5.8 months.CONCLUSIONSThe present regimen of chemoradiotherapy is not superior to conventional chemoradiotherapy (EBRT and 5‐FU) for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:1346–52. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11165
Second malignancies in children with neuroblastoma after combined treatment with 131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine
Authors: Garaventa Alberto , Gambini Claudio , Villavecchia Giampiero , Di Cataldo Andrea , Bertolazzi Luigi , Pizzitola Maria Rosa , De Bernardi Bruno , Haupt Riccardo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUND131I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I‐MIBG) is selectively taken up by cells of neural crest origin, allowing targeted radiotherapy of tumors such as neuroblastoma (NB) and pheochromocytoma. Radiotherapy may provide additional benefits in the treatment of NB, with moderate side effects such as hematologic and thyroid toxicity. However, with longer follow‐up, other complications might occur. We describe our experience with second cancers occurring in children treated with 131I‐MIBG and chemotherapy.METHODSThe clinical records of 119 consecutive NB cases treated with 131I‐MIBG at a single institution between 1984 and 2001 were reviewed for the occurrence of a second malignant neoplasm (SMN).RESULTSOverall, five cases of SMN occurred in the study patients. In particular, two cases of myeloid leukemia, one of angiomatous fibrous histiocytoma, one of malignant schwannoma, and one case of rhabdomyosarcoma were detected. The schwannoma and the rhabdomyosarcoma developed within the residual neuroblastic mass after first‐line therapy.CONCLUSIONSShould 131I‐MIBG treatment become more broadly employed in the therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma, the risk of second cancer will have to be taken into consideration. The organization of an international registry of subjects treated with 131I‐MIBG might better define the frequency and features of second malignancies following this radiometabolic approach. Cancer 2003;97:1332–38. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11167
Risk factors for local recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma tumors after a single session, single application of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Komorizono Yasuji , Oketani Makoto , Sako Katsumi , Yamasaki Naruhiro , Shibatou Toshihiko , Maeda Masahiko , Kohara Kazunori , Shigenobu Shuhou , Ishibashi Kazuaki , Arima Terukatsu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to clarify risk factors for local tumor recurrence and to determine which patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are most suitable for a single session, single application of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation.METHODSFifty‐six consecutive patients with 65 HCC tumors measuring ≤ 3 cm in greatest dimension who received a single session, single application of percutaneous RF ablation and who achieved optimal tumor ablation, as assessed by an immediate computed tomography scan, were enrolled in this study. Six possible factors for local recurrence were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model: tumor size, tumor location, proximity of the tumor to intrahepatic large vessels, types of electrodes used, prior treatment, and observation of impedance rises. Local recurrence free intervals were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between groups were compared using the log‐rank test.RESULTSThe Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall cumulative local recurrence free intervals after a single RF ablation treatment were 76% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 70.9–81.7%) at 12 months and 74% (95%CI, 68.2–79.6%) at 15 months. The log‐rank test revealed a statistically significant difference between the local recurrence free intervals according to tumor size (P = 0.001) and tumor location (P < 0.001). Further investigation with a Cox regression analysis indicated that a greatest tumor dimension > 2 cm (risk ratio [RR], 4.9; 95%CI, 1.3–16.4; P = 0.019) and subcapsular location (RR, 5.2; 95%CI, 1.7–16.6; P = 0.005) were associated independently with local recurrence. The other four factors were not associated with local recurrence in this study.CONCLUSIONSA single session, single application of RF ablation produced favorable local control. Patients who have nonsubcapsular HCC tumors measuring ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension may be the most suitable candidates for a single‐session, single application of RF ablation. Cancer 2003;97:1253–62. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11168