bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Tribological Performance and Wear Mechanisms of Stainless Steel 316L in Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Under Varied Loads and Thermal Inputs
Authors: Lone Saboor Fayaz , Rathod Dinesh W. , Nazir Ahmad Sheikh , Sekar Shiva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, cold metal transfer (CMT)-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has gained significant attention in the manufacturing sector, particularly for its ability to produce components with low thermal input and high deposition rates. This study investigated the tribological behavior of SS316L walls fabricated using CMT-based WAAM, employing a ball-on-plate linear reciprocating test with tungsten carbide (WC) counter body under varying thermal inputs and applied loads (15 N, 20 N, and 25 N). The tests were conducted for 10 min at a frequency of 15 Hz and a stroke length of 2 mm. Results indicate that the coefficient of friction (COF) increased slightly with applied loads, yielding an average COF of 0.22 across all loads. Wear-rate analysis revealed that both increased applied load and heat input led to a higher wear-rate, with the maximum wear-rate (3.39 × 10−3 mm3/m) occurring at high heat input and 25 N, while the minimum wear-rate (1.2 × 10−3 mm3/m) was observed at low heat input and 15 N. Vickers microhardness results demonstrated an inverse relationship between hardness and heat input, with hardness increasing by 11% as heat input decreased from high to low. FESEM analysis of wear tracks showed significant craters, abrasive grooves, delamination, surface cracks, and particle adhesion, identifying an abrasive-dominant wear mechanism with surface fatigue, partial adhesion, and oxidative wear. Wear debris analysis showed sharper angular particles and larger irregularly shaped flakes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed δ-ferrite and γ-austenite phases pre- and postwear, with postwear analysis showing an α′-martensite peak, indicating phase transformation during wear.
Rationale and design of a multicentre randomised controlled trial on circulating tumour DNA-guided neoadjuvant treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (CINTS-R)
Authors: Zhou Jiaolin , Zhang Xiao , Liu Qian , Li Yongheng , Wu Guoju , Fu Wei , Yao Hongwei , Wang Zhenjun , Xue Huadan , Xu Tao , Chen Weijie , Lu Junyang , Zhang Guannan , Wu Bin , An Yang , Qiu Xiaoyuan , Xiao Yi , Lin Guole 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe traditional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with total mesorectal excision has been widely accepted as the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). New strategies such as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have shown great promise in certain patient populations. Currently, there is an urgent need to stratify patients before treatment to adopt the appropriate neoadjuvant strategies. Our previous study has shown that circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) effectively reflects tumour burden and genetic characteristics and has significant predictive value for tumour recurrence, demonstrating great potential in guiding the choice of neoadjuvant strategies.Methods and analysisThe CINTS-R trial is a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a ctDNA-guided neoadjuvant treatment strategy compared with conventional neoadjuvant therapy regime in patients with LARC. The trial will enrol 470 patients diagnosed with LARC (staged cT3-4N0 or cTanyN1-2) with tumours located ≤12 cm from the anal verge across seven centres in China. Patients will be randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to the experimental group or the control group. Patients in the experimental group will receive different intensities of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (TNT or modified nCRT) or neoadjuvant immunotherapy based on the molecular features of the tumour, baseline ctDNA concentration and changes in ctDNA status early in treatment. Patients in the control group will receive modified nCRT. The primary endpoint is the 2-year disease-related treatment failure rate. The secondary endpoints include time to recurrence, 2-year overall survival, 2-year disease-free survival, clinical complete response (cCR) rate, near cCR rate and pathologically complete response rate, pathological tumour regression grade and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, with approval number I-23PJ157, and by the institutional review boards of all the participating centres. All data will be collected and stored in a specially designed database. The results of our trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international academic conferences.Trial registration numberThis trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and the registration ID isNCT05601505.
Top 10 palliative care research priorities in France: a 3-step, mixed-methods protocol (AXEPRO study)
Authors: Barbaret Cécile , Habert-Dantigny Raphaëlle , Rouze Héloïse , Huynh Doan , Huynh Roseline , Tête Caroline , Julier-Costes Martin , Amouroux-Gorsse Valérie , Lavault Isabelle , Bret Justine , Economos Guillaume , Ecarnot Fiona , Sanchez Stéphane 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAs one means to avoid waste in research investment, involving patients as full partners in research has become increasingly frequent. There is clearly a low level of investment in palliative care research. Following the guidance from the James Lind Alliance and the UK public consultation (‘Palliative and End of Life Care Research Priorities Project’), we developed a 3-step protocol aimed at prioritising 10 unanswered questions in palliative care (PC) research in France, from the viewpoint of patients, volunteers, healthcare professionals and family caregivers.Methods and analysisTo identify unanswered questions in PC (stage 1), an unstructured questionnaire will be used. This questionnaire will be tested on patients and healthcare professionals and modified, if necessary, before being made available online for a period of 6 months. A multidisciplinary steering committee including board-certified PC physicians, methodologists, nurses, a sociologist, an anthropologist and an information specialist will analyse the data collected in order to delete duplicate questions, do a thematic and population classification of the responses, modify questions using the PICO (patient problem, intervention, comparison and outcome) format and perform a literature review on each question to identify any relevant systematic review.Ethics and disseminationWe expect the results to have wide-ranging benefits, for example, by prompting investment in the 10 prioritised research questions. There are also potential benefits for patients and caregivers, by including them as partners in future research. Regarding the current bill being examined by the government planning to legalise euthanasia and assisted suicide in France, this study will provide new insights into how patients and caregivers are prioritising those themes. The major benefit of this study is to involve patients and family caregivers as partners in PC research. They will be consulted and their choices will be valuable resources and may prompt researchers to focus on different topics. In view of the limited funding available, PC research needs to prioritise major issues and raise its visibility.The second stage of the study is the first-round prioritisation using a fixed format questionnaire, which will last 4 months. The third stage will consist of reaching a consensus regarding the top 10 unanswered questions in PC research, using the nominal group technique. A secondary objective during this third step is to study the reasons for the prioritisation.
Virtual reality-based fine motor skills training in paediatric rehabilitation: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hervo Jeromine , Lançon Lexie , Levac Danielle E , Mensah-Gourmel Johanne , Brochard Sylvain , Bailly Rodolphe , Pons Christelle 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionFine motor skill (FMS) development during childhood is essential to many learning processes, especially in school. FMS impairment can have a major impact on children’s quality of life. Developing effective and engaging rehabilitation solutions to train FMS that engage children in the abundant practice required for motor learning can be challenging. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising intervention option offering engaging FMS training tasks and environments that align with evidence-based motor learning principles. Other potential advantages of VR for rehabilitation include accessibility for home-based use and adaptability to individual needs. The objective of this scoping review is to map the extent, range and nature of VR applications focused on FMS training in paediatric rehabilitation, including hardware, software and interventional parameters.Methods and analysisWe are following methodological guidelines for scoping review conduct and reporting from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews recommendations. We will search four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Scopus) for articles that meet inclusion criteria defined by the Population, Concept, Context method; specifically studies focused on development or evaluation of immersive or non-immersive VR applications to deliver FMS training in paediatric rehabilitation. Different populations of children with FMS impairments will be included (such as children with cerebral palsy, children with developmental coordination disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). The first search took place in December 2023, and a second is planned for February 2025. One reviewer will complete title, abstract and full paper screening, with consultation by a second reviewer in case of uncertainty. A data extraction framework will be tested by two reviewers on five randomly selected studies to ensure inter-rater reliability, and one reviewer will complete data extraction. Quantitative and qualitative extraction will follow JBI guideline recommendations. Results will be presented in a descriptive and tabular format, including a narrative summary. Results will enhance understanding of the potential of FMS training in VR and inform subsequent directions for research and clinical practice.Ethics and disseminationData for this review will be collected from the published literature. Ethical approval is not required. We will present our findings at scientific conferences and submit this review to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.
Legal interventions for perinatal depression in India: a qualitative study with clinical specialists having expertise in perinatal mental health
Authors: Behl Ritika , Nemane Vivek , Gurpur Shashikala 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo provide insights into the perspectives of clinical specialists (CSs) regarding the efficacy of existing legal interventions (health laws, policies, guidelines, etc) in addressing and managing perinatal depression (PND) in women in India, in the background of the existing policy gap.Study design and methodsAfter adopting the consultative participatory approach, a qualitative study involving online, semi-structured, in-depth interviews was conducted. Purposive, and snowball sampling techniques were used to identify and invite the participants. Thematic content analysis was performed. The findings were reported in alignment with the Standards of Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.SettingIndia.Participants12 out of 38 invited CSs participated in the study. All invited participants either had a background in perinatal psychiatry or were experienced in working with the perinatal population and had undertaken evidence-based research regarding perinatal mental health (PMH), in the Indian setting.ResultsFive themes emerged from the collected data including (1) the epidemiology of PND in the Indian context, (2) the management of PND in India and the efficacy of the existing legal frameworks, (3) the need for legal interventions for addressing and managing PND in India, (4) role of legislative instruments, globally, in managing maternal PND and (5) advocacy for PMH by lawyers, and advocates in India.ConclusionsThe existing policy gap is associated with the violation of women’s rights. The Mental Health Care Act (MHCA), 2017 should be amended to recognise perinatal women as a vulnerable group and to prioritise their PMH needs. A nationwide policy should be introduced to ensure integrated PMH services.
Low physical activity levels of military police officers during day and night radio patrolling
Authors: Zampero Gabriele , Trevisan I , Monma F , Tinti J C , dos Santos L P , Lima T C P , Gorjão R , Hirabara S M , Pithon-Cur T C , Curi R , Santa-Rosa F A , de Souza D R 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe São Paulo State Military Police officers have a higher mortality rate than the civilian population. The radio patrolling work (RP190) is carried out by pairs of military police officers (MPOs) for 12 hours, using a police vehicle, requiring physical capabilities at any moment. However, whether the activity performed by MPOs during operational work is within the sedentary or the physically active range classification requires investigation. This cross-sectional study measured and compared the number of steps performed by MPOs during night and day shift radio patrolling.MethodsThe study participants included 170 MPOs with a median age of 35.0 (IQR: 29.0–43.0) years. All volunteers worked either the day (n=117) or night (n=53) shift and underwent step count analysis during the service shift using a Yamax pedometer (Digi-Walker SW 700, Tokyo, Japan). The data were normalised for pedometer wear time corresponding to the working service period. The MPOs in the radio patrolling programme wore the pedometer for 8.5 hours.ResultsThe results show that they took an average of 2516 (95% CI 2270 to 2632) and 295.8 (95% CI 278.1 to 313.5) steps during the whole service and per hour of service, respectively. No difference in the number of steps was observed during the day compared with the night shift (2574 (IQR: 1829–3371) vs 2485 (IQR: 1502–2821), p=0.131). However, when normalised for wear time of use, the number of steps was significantly higher in the day compared with the night group (311.7±119.1 vs 260.6±108.6, p=0.009, d=0.44).ConclusionsIn conclusion, MPOs working the night shift are less physically active than MPOs working the day shift. Furthermore, MPOs’ activity can be classified into the sedentary range independently of their shifts.
Assessing radiation exposure and room effect in the new lab with a DD neutron generator at STU
Authors: Vrban B. , Kleštinec M. , Čerba Š. , Filová V. , Lüley J. , Glavo O. , Nečas V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study presents an extensive simulation analysing radiation exposure levels in an under-construction laboratory at STU, equipped with a deuterium–deuterium neutron generator and X-ray lamp. The laboratory's design and radiation shielding requirements are determined based on available premises and their proximity. Due to the complexity of the task, resource-intensive SCALE MONACO Monte Carlo simulations are employed to evaluate ambient dose rates within and near the projected premises. Various approximations are explored concerning source anisotropy, secondary gammas, bremsstrahlung, and different radiation sources. Notably, the facility aims to support precise fast neutron radiography of large industrial components; thus, the first estimation of the room effect is carried out.
Data Privacy Made Easy: Enhancing Applications with Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Gouert Charles , Tsoutsos Nektarios Georgios 
Published: February 2025

Homomorphic encryption is a powerful privacy-preserving technology that is notoriously difficult to configure and use, even for experts. The key difficulties include restrictive programming models of homomorphic schemes and choosing suitable parameters for an application. In this tutorial, we outline methodologies to solve these issues and allow for conversion of any application to the encrypted domain using both leveled and fully homomorphic encryption.
The first approach, called Walrus, is suitable for arithmetic-intensive applications with limited depth and applications with high throughput requirements. Walrus provides an intuitive programming interface and handles parameterization automatically by analyzing the application and gathering statistics such as homomorphic noise growth to derive a parameter set tuned specifically for the application. We provide an in-depth example of this approach in the form of a neural network inference as well as guidelines for using Walrus effectively.
Conversely, the second approach (HELM) takes existing HDL designs and converts them to the encrypted domain for secure outsourcing on powerful cloud servers. Unlike Walrus, HELM supports FHE backends and is well-suited for complex applications. At a high level, HELM consumes netlists and is capable of performing logic gate operations homomorphically on encryptions of individual bits. HELM incorporates both CPU and GPU acceleration by taking advantage of the inherent parallelism provided by Boolean circuits. As a case study, we walk through the process of taking an off-the-shelf HDL design in the form of AES-128 decryption and running it in the encrypted domain with HELM.
Mitochondria Targeting of Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors to Alleviate Hypoxia and Enhance Anticancer Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Beerkens Anne P.M. , Heskamp Sandra , Reinema Flavia V. , Adema Gosse J. , Span Paul N. , Bussink Johan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with a poor response to anticancer therapies. Hypoxia also induces metabolic changes, such as a switch to glycolysis. This glycolytic switch causes acidification of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby attenuating the anticancer immune response. A promising therapeutic strategy to reduce hypoxia and thereby sensitize tumors to irradiation and/or antitumor immune responses is pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Several OXPHOS inhibitors (OXPHOSi) have been tested in clinical trials. However, moderate responses and/or substantial toxicity have hampered clinical implementation. OXPHOSi tested in clinical trials inhibit the oxidative metabolism in tumor cells as well as healthy cells. Therefore, new strategies are needed to improve the efficacy of OXPHOSi while minimizing side effects. To enhance the therapeutic window, available OXPHOSi have, for instance, been conjugated to triphenylphosphonium to preferentially target the mitochondria of cancer cells, resulting in increased tumor uptake compared with healthy cells, as cancer cells have a higher mitochondrial membrane potential. However, OXPHOS inhibition also induces reactive oxygen species and subsequent antioxidant responses, which may influence the efficacy of therapies, such as platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Here, we review the limitations of the clinically tested OXPHOSi metformin, atovaquone, tamoxifen, BAY 87-2243, and IACS-010759 and the potential of mitochondria-targeted OXPHOSi and their influence on reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, the effect of the mitochondria-targeting moiety triphenylphosphonium on mitochondria is discussed as it affects mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Phase Ib Study of Immunocytokine Simlukafusp Alfa (FAP-IL2v) Combined with Pembrolizumab for Treatment of Advanced and/or Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Munoz-Couselo Eva , Soria Rivas Ainara , Sandhu Shahneen , Long Georgina V. , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Spreafico Anna , Buchbinder Elizabeth , Sznol Mario , Prenen Hans , Fedenko Alexander , Milhem Mohammed , Arance Fernandez Ana Maria , Grob Jean-Jacques , Demidov Lev , Robert Caroline , Habigt Christin , Evers Stefan , Sleiman Nassim , Dejardin David , Ardeshir Caroline , Martin Nicole , Boetsch Christophe , Charo Jehad , Teichgräber Volker , Kraxner Anton , Keshelava Nino , Bechter Oliver 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
This study explored the combination of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) IL2 variant (FAP-IL2v), a novel immune-cytokine, with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced and/or metastatic melanoma.

Patients and Methods:
This open-label, multicenter, phase Ib clinical study (NCT03875079) evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of FAP-IL2v (simlukafusp alfa, RO6874281) in combination with pembrolizumab. Patients with advanced and/or metastatic melanoma were either checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-naïve or CPI-experienced. Patients received 10 mg FAP-IL2v either continuously once every 3 weeks (Q3W) or in an induction/maintenance setting consisting of a 3-week induction phase with weekly (QW) dosing followed by continuous Q3W dosing. Pembrolizumab was dosed Q3W at 200 mg.

Results:
Eighty-three patients were treated: 16 patients in two safety run-in cohorts and 67 patients in two extension cohorts; 75 (90.4%) patients were CPI-experienced. The pharmacokinetics of FAP-IL2v in combination with pembrolizumab was similar to that after administration as monotherapy. Consistent with the proposed mode of action, FAP-IL2v preferentially expanded NK and CD8 T cells. The most common FAP-IL2v–related grade 3/4 adverse events were lymphopenia (23%), elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (8%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (6%), and infusion-related reaction (6%). A response was observed in 5 of 75 (6.7%) CPI-experienced patients (all partial responses) and 2 of 8 CPI-naïve patients (one complete response and one partial response). The median progression-free survival was 3.1 months.

Conclusions:
The safety profile of FAP-IL2v in combination with pembrolizumab was manageable and consistent with the known safety profile. However, further exploration of FAP-IL2v and pembrolizumab was precluded in patients with melanoma with prior CPI due to the lack of clinical activity.

Significance:
In this phase Ib study, the combination of FAP-IL2v, an immune-cytokine developed to overcome the limitations of wild-type IL2, with the CPI pembrolizumab did not show meaningful antitumor activity in patients who had progressed on prior CPI therapy, suggesting that FAP-IL2v alone cannot overcome CPI resistance or unresponsiveness.
Processo de transformação da paisagem: estudo da avenida Getúlio Vargas em Patos de Minas (MG)
Authors: Cocozza Glauco de Paula , Elias Júlia Tavares de Sousa 
Published: February 2025

A pesquisa sobre os processos de transformação da paisagem das regiões centrais é relevante no panorama contemporâneo brasileiro, já que estas áreas definem a morfologia urbana inicial das cidades médias. Dessa maneira, busca-se investigar a Avenida Getúlio Vargas em Patos de Minas (MG), área do núcleo original e importante elemento de identificação da população. Composta, juntamente com a Praça Dom Eduardo, por dez quadras tombadas como Patrimônio Ambiental Urbano, conta com características singulares na paisagem. A metodologia abrange pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, além de leitura fotográfica. O estudo mostra que as mutações nas diferentes fases da avenida não interferem na sua importância para o contexto urbano. Assim, a pesquisa pretende contribuir para o planejamento e a gestão da paisagem da Avenida Getúlio Vargas como patrimônio da cidade de Patos de Minas e de seus habitantes.