bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Saadati Saeede , Kabthymer Robel Hussen , Aldini Giancarlo , Mousa Aya , Feehan Jack , de Courten Barbora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are suggested to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits, but their effects on circulating adipokines and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers remain unclear.

Objectives
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of HCD supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.

Data Sources
A systematic search was performed on Medline via Ovid, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 25 January 2023.

Data Extraction
Using relevant key words, trials investigating the effects of carnosine/HCD supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Data Analysis
A total of 9 trials comprising 350 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. Carnosine/HCD supplementation led to a significant reduction in CRP (WMD: –0.97 mg/L; 95% CI: –1.59, –0.36), TNF-α (WMD: –3.60 pg/mL; 95% CI: –7.03, –0.18), and MDA (WMD: –0.34 μmol/L; 95% CI: –0.56, –0.12) and an elevation in CAT (WMD: 4.48 U/mL; 95% CI: 2.43, 6.53) compared with placebo. In contrast, carnosine/HCD supplementation had no effect on IL-6, adiponectin, GSH, SOD, and TAC levels.

Conclusion
Carnosine/HCD supplementation may reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and potentially modulate the cardiometabolic risks associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid peroxidation.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.
Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in Infants in Low- and Middle-Income Regions During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Fry Samantha , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Pallem Sridevi , Henry Ouzama , Pu Yongjia , Akawung Agnes , Kim Joon Hyung , Yanni Emad , Tullio Antonella Nadia , Aurpibul Linda , Lee Christine Mui Fong , Ceballos Ana , Zaman Khalequ , Abadía de Regalado Ivonne , Ahmed Khatija , Arias Fernandez Diana Andrea , Taher Sri Wahyu , Caccavo Juliana , Coutinho Conrado Milani , D’Andrea Nores Ulises , De León Tirza , D’Silva Emily Christine , De Bernardi Mara , Dieser Pablo , Falaschi Andrea , Flores Acosta Clara del Carmen , Gentile Angela , Teo Ik Hui , Kotze Sheena , López-Medina Eduardo , Luca Ruben , Lucion Maria Florencia , Mantaring Jacinto Blas III V , Marín Bladimir , Moelo Malahleha , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa Márcia , Pinto Jorge , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Reyes Osvaldo , Roa Maria Fernanda , Rodriguez Brieschke María Teresa , Rodriguez Camilo Enrique , Rodriguez Niño Juan Nicolas , Schwarzbold Alexandre Vargas , Sierra Garcia Alexandra , Sivapatham Lavitha , Soon Ruey , Tinoco Juan Carlos , Velásquez Penagos Jesús Arnulfo , Dos Santos Gaël 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Incidence data of respiratory syncytial virus–associated lower respiratory tract illness (RSV-LRTI) are sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated RSV-LRTI incidence rates (IRs) in infants in LMICs using World Health Organization case definitions.

Methods
This prospective cohort study, conducted in 10 LMICs from May 2019 to October 2021 (largely overlapping with the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), followed infants born to women with low-risk pregnancies for 1 year from birth using active and passive surveillance to detect potential LRTIs, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasal swabs to detect RSV.

Results
Among 2094 infants, 32 (1.5%) experienced an RSV-LRTI (8 during their first 6 months of life, 24 thereafter). Seventeen (0.8%) infants had severe RSV-LRTI and 168 (8.0%) had all-cause LRTI. IRs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of first RSV-LRTI episode were 1.0 (.3–2.3), 0.8 (.3–1.5), and 1.6 (1.1–2.2) per 100 person-years for infants aged 0–2, 0–5, and 0–11 months, respectively. IRs (95% CIs) of the first all-cause LRTI episode were 10.7 (8.1–14.0), 11.7 (9.6–14.0), and 8.7 (7.5–10.2) per 100 person-years, respectively. IRs varied by country (RSV-LRTI: 0.0–8.3, all-cause LRTI: 0.0–49.6 per 100 person-years for 0- to 11-month-olds).

Conclusions
RSV-LRTI IRs in infants in this study were relatively low, likely due to reduced viral circulation caused by COVID-19–related nonpharmaceutical interventions.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03614676.
Preswitch Regimens Influence the Rate of Weight Gain After Switch to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir (TLD): Study From an East African Cohort
Authors: Bourgi Kassem , Ofner Susan , Musick Beverly , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Humphrey John M , Diero Lameck , Yiannoutsos Constantin T , Gupta Samir K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Switching from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)–based regimens to dolutegravir (DTG) has been associated with greater weight gain.

Methods
We conducted our analysis using a longitudinal cohort of people with HIV (PWH) in Western Kenya. We evaluated changes in the rate of weight gain among treatment-experienced, virally suppressed PWH who switched from NNRTI to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir (TLD). We modeled the weights pre- and postswitch using a 2-phase model with linear trend preswitch and an inverted exponential function postswitch. We estimated an 18-month excess weight gain by comparing the projected weight with that expected using the preswitch rate.

Results
A total of 18 662 individuals were included in our analysis, with 55% switching from efavirenz (EFV) and 45% from nevirapine (NVP). Of the studied individuals, 51% were female, and the median age and body mass index (BMI) were 51 years and 22 kg/m2, respectively. For the overall population, the rate of weight gain increased from 0.47 kg/year preswitch to 0.77 kg/year, with higher increases for females (0.57 kg/year to 0.96 kg/year) than males (0.34 kg/year to 0.62 kg/year). The rate of weight gain for individuals switching from EFV-based regimens significantly increased from 0.57 kg/year preswitch to 1.11 kg/year postswitch but remained stable at 0.35 kg/year preswitch vs 0.32 kg/year postswitch for individuals switching from NVP-based regimens.

Conclusions
Switching from NNRTI-based regimens to TLD is associated with a modest increase in the rate of weight gain, with the preswitch NNRTI being the key determinant of the amount of weight gain experienced postswitch.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Diagnostic Scoring Systems for Childhood Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kakinda Michael , Olum Ronald , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Bongomin Felix 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB) poses several challenges. Therefore, point-based scoring systems and diagnostic algorithms have been developed to improve the diagnostic yields in this population. However, there are no updated systematic reviews of the existing childhood TB scoring systems and algorithms. Hence, we systematically reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of the childhood TB diagnostic scoring systems and algorithms.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published until 30 March 2023. QUADAS-2 was used to assess their study quality. Diagnostic accuracy measures (ie, sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive and negative likelihood ratios) were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
We included 15 eligible studies, with a total of 7327 study participants aged &lt;15 years, with 10 evaluations of childhood TB diagnostic scoring systems and algorithms. Among these algorithms and scoring systems, only 3 were evaluated more than once. These were the Keith Edwards scoring system with 5 studies (sensitivity, 81.9%; specificity, 81.2%), Kenneth Jones criteria with 3 studies (sensitivity, 80.1%; specificity, 45.7%), and the Ministry of Health–Brazil algorithm with 3 studies (sensitivity, 79.9%; specificity, 73.2%).

Conclusions
We recommend using the Keith Edwards scoring system because of its high sensitivity and specificity. Further research is necessary to assess the effectiveness of scoring systems and algorithms in identifying TB in children with HIV and malnutrition.
Reflex Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 RNA Testing Enables Timely Differentiation of False-Positive Results From Acute HIV Infection
Authors: Kaperak Christopher , Eller Dylan , Devlin Samantha A , Hall André , Schmitt Jessica , Friedman Eleanor E , Beavis Kathleen G , Stanford Kimberly A , Pitrak David , McNulty Moira C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Accurate, timely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis is critical. Routine HIV screening program data were examined before and after reflex HIV type 1 RNA testing. Reflex testing facilitated confirmation of reactive HIV screening assays (as true or false positives) (odds ratio, 23.7 [95% confidence interval, 6.7–83.4]; P &lt; .0001), improving detection of acute HIV and reducing unconfirmed discordant results.
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Anti-Nerve Growth Factor Antibody Tanezumab in Subjects With Cancer Pain Due to Bone Metastasis
Authors: Fallon Marie , Sopata Maciej , Dragon Erika , Brown Mark T , Viktrup Lars , West Christine R , Bao Weihang , Agyemang Alex 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
This phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study assessed the efficacy and safety of tanezumab in subjects with cancer pain predominantly due to bone metastasis receiving background opioid therapy.

Methods
Subjects were randomized (stratified by (1) tumor aggressiveness and (2) presence/absence of concomitant anticancer treatment) to placebo or tanezumab 20 mg. Treatment was administered by subcutaneous injection every 8 weeks for 24 weeks (3 doses) followed by a 24-week safety follow-up period. The primary outcome was change in daily average pain in the index bone metastasis cancer pain site (from 0 = no pain to 10 = worst possible pain) from baseline to week 8.

Results
LS mean (SE) change in pain at week 8 was −1.25 (0.35) for placebo (n = 73) and –2.03 (0.35) for tanezumab 20 mg (n = 72). LS mean (SE) [95% CI] difference from placebo was –0.78 (0.37) [–1.52, –0.04]; P = .0381 with α = 0.0478. The number of subjects with a treatment-emergent adverse event during the treatment period was 50 (68.5%) for placebo and 53 (73.6%) for tanezumab 20 mg. The number of subjects with a prespecified joint safety event was 0 for placebo and 2 (2.8%) for tanezumab 20 mg (pathologic fracture; n = 2).

Conclusion
Tanezumab 20 mg met the primary efficacy endpoint at week 8. Conclusions on longer-term efficacy are limited since the study was not designed to evaluate the durability of the effect beyond 8 weeks. Safety findings were consistent with adverse events expected in subjects with cancer pain due to bone metastasis and the known safety profile of tanezumab. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02609828.
Political science meets physical science: The shared concept of stability
Authors: Breslauer George W , Breslauer Kenneth J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A biophysical chemist and a political scientist team up to explore striking parallels between the requisites of “stability” and the causes of instability within both the cellular/molecular world of biophysical chemistry and the world of social and political organization of self-assembled, societal structures, such as sovereign states and institutions. The structure, function, and organizational similarities of such parallelisms are particularly noteworthy, given that human agency introduces greater contingency in the sociopolitical world than do the “laws of Nature” in the natural-scientific world. In this perspective piece, we critically identify and analyze these parallels between the natural and the social realms through the prism of the shared concept of stability, including causal factors that embrace the full “stability spectrum” from instability to stability. This spectrum includes the crucial bridging, time-dependent, intermediate, kinetic state of “metastability.” Our analyses reveal that, in the microscopic/molecular world of the physical sciences, the thermodynamic and kinetic characterizations of the stabilities and transformations between physiochemical “states” exhibit cognate properties and features in the macroscopic world of sociopolitical arenas in ways that reflect a greater than traditionally assumed continuity between Nature and society. Select examples from the natural and social realms are presented and elaborated on to illustrate these parallelisms, while underscoring the striking similarities in their functional consequences.
A recent surge of nitrous oxide misuse around London which merits a public health warning
Authors: Malek Naveed , Nihat Akın , Mattoscio Miriam , Simioni Valentina , Deeb Jacquie , Chawda Sanjiv , Cifelli Alberto , Krommyda Magdalini 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Use of nitrous oxide (N2O) gas for recreational purposes by young people is increasingly recognized as a public health hazard in the UK.

Methods
We looked at the hospital records of patients admitted over the last 4 years to a single neurological centre in Essex to determine the demographics, presentation, and management of patients presenting with symptoms of N2O toxicity from its recreational use.

Results
Of the 17 patients (mean age = 22.9 ± 3 years) admitted between September 2018 and October 2022, 70% were admitted between January and October 2022. All patients reported limb paraesthesiae and 16/17 reported (95%) imbalance; 11/17 (65%) showed objective limb weakness. Serum B12 concentration was low in 9/17 (53%). Plasma methylmalonic acid (n = 7) and homocysteine (n = 8) levels were elevated in all patients tested. Spinal cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) imaging was abnormal in 10/17 (59%) patients. Nerve conduction studies were abnormal in 10/13 (77%) patients, with evidence of a symmetric, length-dependent, large fibre neuropathy.

Conclusions
There has been a recent surge of cases with neurological complications of recreational N2O abuse in the UK, with a relatively greater rate in 2022. Greater awareness of this condition amongst clinicians and health regulators is urgently required to prevent harm from N2O misuse in young people.
Identification of FOXO1 as a geroprotector in human synovium through single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling
Authors: Liu Feifei , Lu Yi , Wang Xuebao , Sun Shuhui , Pan Huize , Wang Min , Wang Zehua , Zhang Weiqi , Ma Shuai , Sun Guoqiang , Chu Qun , Wang Si , Qu Jing , Liu Guang-Hui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The synovium, a thin layer of tissue that is adjacent to the joints and secretes synovial fluid, undergoes changes in aging that contribute to intense shoulder pain and other joint diseases. However, the mechanism underlying human synovial aging remains poorly characterized. Here, we generated a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of synovial cells present in the subacromial synovium from young and aged individuals. By delineating aging-related transcriptomic changes across different cell types and their associated regulatory networks, we identified two subsets of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in human synovium, which are lining and sublining MSCs, and found that angiogenesis and fibrosis-associated genes were upregulated whereas genes associated with cell adhesion and cartilage development were downregulated in aged MSCs. Moreover, the specific cell-cell communications in aged synovium mirrors that of aging-related inflammation and tissue remodeling, including vascular hyperplasia and tissue fibrosis. In particular, we identified forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) as one of the major regulons for aging differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in synovial MSCs, and validated its downregulation in both lining and sublining MSC populations of the aged synovium. In human FOXO1-depleted MSCs derived from human embryonic stem cells, we recapitulated the senescent phenotype observed in the subacromial synovium of aged donors. These data indicate an important role of FOXO1 in the regulation of human synovial aging. Overall, our study improves our understanding of synovial aging during joint degeneration, thereby informing the development of novel intervention strategies aimed at rejuvenating the aged joint.
Non-perturbative SQED beta function using the functional renormalization group approach and the NSVZ exact beta function
Authors: Echeverria Puentes Jeremy , Schmidt Iván 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The renormalization group equations of massive $\mathcal {N}=1$ supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics are studied using the functional renormalization group approach. A non-perturbative form of the beta function has been computed via a derivative expansion of the effective action. In the local potential approximation, the functional form of the non-perturbative beta function is closely related to the form of the Novikov–Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov (NSVZ) exact beta function; this relationship is exact if an effective fine-structure constant is defined. The non-massive limit of the same is also analyzed. Furthermore, the calculation of the beta function has been improved by incorporating the influence of momentum modes on the propagation of the superfields in the non-perturbative running of the electric charge, applying a second-order truncation for the derivative expansion, which we use to find the momentum contributions to the β function. Again, we find the NSVZ relation for an effective fine-structure constant.
It is with sadness that I say goodbye to my professor, Iván Schmidt Andrade, who left us during the course of this work. His passion for research and his special vision of physics work will remain with us. Thank you for everything.
Effects of serum proteins on corrosion rates and product bioabsorbability of biodegradable metals
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Li Xin , Qu Zehua , Zhang Wanqian , Wang Qunsong , Cao Dinglingge , Wang Yaoben , Wang Xin , Wang Yang , Yu Lin , Ding Jiandong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Corrodible metals are the newest kind of biodegradable materials and raise a new problem of the corrosion products. However, the removal of the precipitated products has been unclear and even largely ignored in publications. Herein, we find that albumin, an abundant macromolecule in serum, enhances the solubility of corrosion products of iron in blood mimetic Hank’s solution significantly. This is universal for other main biodegradable metals such as magnesium, zinc and polyester-coated iron. Albumin also influences corrosion rates in diverse trends in Hank’s solution and normal saline. Based on quantitative study theoretically and experimentally, both the effects on corrosion rates and soluble fractions are interpreted by a unified mechanism, and the key factor leading to different corrosion behaviors in corrosion media is the interference of albumin to the Ca/P passivation layer on the metal surface. This work has illustrated that the interactions between metals and media macromolecules should be taken into consideration in the design of the next-generation metal-based biodegradable medical devices in the formulism of precision medicine. The improved Hank’s solution in the presence of albumin and with a higher content of initial calcium salt is suggested to access biodegradable metals potentially for cardiovascular medical devices, where the content of calcium salt is calculated after consideration of chelating of calcium ions by albumin, resulting in the physiological concentration of free calcium ions.
A Model of Online Misinformation
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Ozdaglar Asuman , Siderius James 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We present a model of online content sharing where agents sequentially observe an article and decide whether to share it with others. This content may or may not contain misinformation. Each agent starts with an ideological bias and gains utility from positive social media interactions but does not want to be called out for propagating misinformation. We characterize the (Bayesian–Nash) equilibria of this social media game and establish that it exhibits strategic complementarities. Under this framework, we study how a platform interested in maximizing engagement would design its algorithm. Our main result establishes that when the relevant articles have low-reliability and are thus likely to contain misinformation, the engagement-maximizing algorithm takes the form of a “filter bubble”—creating an echo chamber of like-minded users. Moreover, filter bubbles become more likely when there is greater polarization in society and content is more divisive. Finally, we discuss various regulatory solutions to such platform-manufactured misinformation.
High levels of sleep disturbance across early childhood increases cardiometabolic disease risk index in early adolescence: longitudinal sleep analysis using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study
Authors: Duraccio Kara McRae , Xu Yingying , Beebe Dean W , Lanphear Bruce , Chen Aimin , Braun Joseph M , Kalkwarf Heidi , Cecil Kim M , Yolton Kimberly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study examines the impact of sleep duration, bedtime, and sleep disturbance during early childhood on the risk of cardiometabolic disorder (CMD) in early adolescence.

Methods
Within the Health Outcomes and Measures of Environment Study, we examined sleep patterns of 330 children from ages 2 to 8 years and the relationship of these sleep patterns with cardiometabolic risk measures at age 12 (N = 220). We used a group-based semi-parametric mixture model to identify distinct trajectories in sleep duration, bedtime timing, and sleep disturbance for the entire sample. We then examined the associations between sleep trajectories and CMD risk measures using general linear models using both an unadjusted model (no covariates) and an adjusted model (adjusting for child pubertal stage, child sex, duration of breastfeeding, household income, maternal education, and maternal serum cotinine).

Results
In the unadjusted and adjusted models, we found significant differences in CMD risk scores by trajectories of sleep disturbance. Children in the “high” disturbance trajectory had higher CMD risk scores than those in the ‘low’ disturbance trajectory (p’s = 0.002 and 0.039, respectively). No significant differences in CMD risk were observed for bedtime timing or total sleep time trajectories in the unadjusted or adjusted models.

Conclusions
In this cohort, caregiver-reported sleep disturbance in early childhood was associated with more adverse cardiometabolic profiles in early adolescence. Our findings suggest that trials to reduce CMD risk via sleep interventions—which have been conducted in adolescents and adults—may be implemented too late.