bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Stackhouse John G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“There was more trouble today in the Middle East. Three terrorists commandeered a school bus in east Jerusalem and then set off explosives that killed both themselves and ... “A major storm hit the west coast of India last night. Red Cross officials in Bombay estimate that dozens of people were killed, more than 300 injured, and thousands left homeless by the cyclone. Waves over forty feet high crashed ashore at ... “It is day four of the siege of the presidential palace mounted by military rebels in the African capital of ... “The White House announced this morning that yet another welfare program will be discontinued.
Is There a Problem?
Authors: Stackhouse John G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of us lack Hume’s concision and the Psalmist’s eloquence, but we feel the same way when evil confronts us. How can God be all powerful and all-good, and yet evil afflict us so widely and deeply? Most of this book responds directly to Hume’s central challenge. Let us pause, however, to consider some implications in his litany of questions. Hume wondered whether God is not able to prevent evil, or is malevolent and does not want to do so. He might also have wondered whether evil is real or, if it is, whether it is something for which God ought to be held responsible.
Further Problems
Authors: Stackhouse John G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To Be Guilty Of Something and get one’s “just deserts” is one thing. Yet all around us, the guilty prosper and the innocent suffer. Crime, all too often, pays quite handsomely. And virtue seems to be, indeed, its only reward. This is hardly an observation unique to our times, of course. In the Hebrew Scriptures believers cried out to a God who, they believed, hated injustice and took the side of the oppressed.
A Good World After All?
Authors: Stackhouse John G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
whether this is the “best of all possible worlds.” Note that they have not debated whether this is the best of all imaginable worlds, for we all can imagine (or at least we think we can imagine) a world that improves on this one. The philosophical debate instead attempts to decide whether, given all the factors involved, this world is in fact the best of all possible options.
The Fork in the Road
Authors: Stackhouse John G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
offered here so far do not provide a fully satisfactory response to the question of God and evil. Lest anyone be too easily content with such a theodicy, or any theodicy, let us come back down to earth via the words of Ivan Karamazov-Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s fictional antagonist of all easy Christian thinking, and particularly of theodicy: [Some] progressively educated parents subjected [their] poor five-year-old girl to every torture one could think of.
Hesiod’S Works And Days :Translated by David Grene
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Muses from Pieria, celebrators in song, come hither to me, and tell of Zeus, sing of him, your own father. It is through Zeus that mortal men become famous or fail of fame. It is through mighty Zeus they are spoken of or left in silence. Lightly he makes a man strong and lightly maims one who is strong. Lightly he lessens the famous and will exalt the obscure.
The Human Context
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hesiod’s Theogony describes the development of the cosmos from its first beginnings to the final establishment of the order of Zeus. It does not mention us. This is unusual. As cosmogonies are human explanations told by and to human beings, our creation and the reason for our creation is generally a central point. In the Theogony we are merely presupposed. Human beings exist, but do nothing.
Successful Revitalizations
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines examples of three very different organizations that have had significant success in managing revitalization transformations. Two of our examples are entrepreneurial companies (a company we call “Miller Brothers” and Compaq Computers), and the third is Chrysler, a long established enterprise that involves one of the great revitalizations of the twentieth century.
Designing Organizational Structure
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 presented a framework and tools for planning organizational transformations. It dealt with the issues involved in creating a plan for the strategic transformation of either the game an organization is playing or the way it plays the game. This chapter and the one that follows take the process of managing transformations to the next step and deal with the issues involved in organizing people to implement the strategic transformation plan.
Transforming Behavior to Play the New Game
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Building on the concepts in Chapter 10, this chapter presents two additional tools that organizations can use to help transform the behavior of their employees and more effectively play the new game. In the last chapter, the focus was primarily on how to transform the behavior of coaches through helping them understand their roles as transformational leaders and utilizing management development as a tool to help develop the skills, mind-set, and roles needed to effectively coach the new game. The two tools discussed here—performance management systems and corporate culture management—while driven by the coaches on the team, can be used to help transform the behavior of all employees on the firm’s team.
Introduction :Convents And Conventual Life In Early Modern Italy
Authors: Hills Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nowhere is the social significance of female aristocratic convents more evident than in baroque Naples. Shaped and defined by religious institutions and princely palaces, the city is scoured by narrow crevasses of sunless streets, lined with looming convents and monasteries, sealed to the outside world like sheer dark cliffs. From afar, the dominance of religious institutions is immediately evident. From Castel Sant’Elmo, the Angevin castle rebuilt in the sixteenth century, high to the west of Naples, the city cascades dramatically and unevenly down the slopes to the sea like a huge ruptured open-air theater. Conventual belfries and belvederes thrust into the air, jostling to gain advantage in this tilted city; church domes hover with a calm confidence over the chaos of crowded rooftops; and green rectangles in monastic cloisters form oases of disciplined nature amid seething buildings and bustling streets. But at street level, conventual architecture professes little overt interest in the city over which it has such dominance. It is a strangely introverted world, in which these powerful institutions turn their backs on passersby. Dark street frontages of volcanic pozzolana stone are relieved only by occasional grand doorways, rusticated windows, or a fleeting glimpse into a cloister, dappled by the shade of lemon trees. In the seventeenth century those dark walls separated the frenzy, heat, and noise of street life from the cool and protected environment, princely and religious, on the other side. Increasingly, into the urban fabric female convents inserted their massy presence.
Convents And Conflict: Conventual Urbanism In Naples
Authors: Hills Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Convents were never far from conflict. A conspicuous presence in the city, the crucible of power relations, was vital for religious orders and aristocratic families. Rivalries spiraled as convents competed to crown the city sky line, dominate prominent sites, and occupy prestigious road frontages (Plate 7). Convents fought for power urbanistically, not only through aggrandizement in spatial terms, but also through architectural design. In Rome power struggles were fought urbanistically at a local level, as families struggled to make their palace jut farther out at a critical corner than the palace next door, command a view, or dominate a vista through densely packed streets.1 In Naples similar struggles occurred between female convents, determined to occupy impressive street frontages, or to dominate a prominent part of the city, or its skyline. Conspicuousness within the urban fabric consolidated political power. Disputes between convents often focused on optical power, what could be seen, and who could overlook whom and from where. These struggles to assume dominance in terms of sight were constant within early modern Italian cities and were not restricted to convents. But because enclosed religious orders enjoyed few other avenues for expression and exploration, the right to determine what inmates could see and who could see them became particularly significant.
Judaism, Human Rights, and Human Values
Authors: Goodman Lenn E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this important addition to the field of Jewish ethics, Goodman argues forcefully that the Jewish tradition has a significant contribution to make to the general discourse on ethical issues. After refuting the notion that “human rights” is a purely modern notion, Goodman traces the idea of such rights to its key biblical sources. He goes on to consider the works of medieval thinkers like Saadiah Goan and Moses Maimonides and then applies these and other foundational texts to such contemporary social and political issues as capital punishment, suicide, welfare, pornography, abortion, and nationalism.
The Harmonic Crystal
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The atoms in a monatomic crystal continually vibrate around their mean positions, and it is these vibrations that give the crystal its thermal energy. A rigorous quantum theory of the crystal should include the dynamics of all the electrons and the nuclei explicitly. However, the electrons are much lighter than the nuclei and therefore have a much faster reaction time to any disturbance. That is, if a nucleus is given a small displacement, the electrons will readjust their positions in response to the forces between the nucleus and the electrons in a very short time. This is the basis for the adiabatic approximation, which states that the readjustment time is so short compared to the period of vibration of the nuclei that it can be taken as zero. This means that the electrons are in a state that is determined by the instantaneous position of the nuclei.
Magnetic Order
Authors: Girifalco Louis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is always a diamagnetic response. In this case, the applied magnetic field induces currents in the electron systems of the atoms with an associated magnetic field that opposes the external field. The induced magnetic moments in a diamagnetic material therefore are in the opposite direction of the applied field, and the diamagnetic susceptibility is negative. The diamagnetic effect is small and essentially independent of temperature and will not be treated here.
Introductory
Authors: Chai Leon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We Might Begin with the sort of scene Descartes describes in the first of his Meditations: himself, seated in a dressing gown by a fire, holding a sheet of paper in his hand, wondering about the reality of that paper, his body, perhaps ultimately himself. It is tempting to see this scene as representative, in many ways, of what philosophy in his time is all about. To begin with, there is the emphasis on ordinary, everyday situations. Secondly, there is the effort to resolve questions that arise from reflection on such situations without having recourse to unwarranted assumptions or concepts that do not derive directly from the situation itself. Instead, we find each question pursued to its natural outcome through a method based on deductions and inferences. Finally, there is a concern with the ultimate purpose of such questions, a desire to ascertain whether they are in fact genuinely meaningful.
A Consolation to His Wife
Authors: Russell Donald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The messenger you sent to tell me of the child’s death must have missed me on his way to Athens; I only heard of it from my niece when I got to Tanagra. I imagine the funeral is now over, and hope it has been done in the way that will make for least pain for you both now and in the future. If there is anything you wished to do but refrained from doing, waiting for my decision, but which you think will make things easier to bear, pray do it, without extravagance or superstition, for which I know you have no inclination. Only, my dear wife, at this sad moment, keep yourself, and me, calm. I know I can get the measure of what has happened; but if I see you grieving to excess, that will hurt me more than the loss. But I am no “child of oak or rock”: you know that, you have shared with me the upbringing of all our children, all reared at home by ourselves, and you know that this child was beloved by me above all, because she was the daughter you wanted after four sons and she gave me the opportunity to give her your name.
Plutarch’s Moral Program
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plutarch was born about A.D. 40-45 and lived at Chaeronea in Boeotia till his death about 120, shortly after the accession of the emperor Hadrian. He was a true aristocrat. His or his wife’s family traced their ancestry to the ancient heroes of Boeotia and Phocis and felt “entitled to a greater share than others in Boeotia” because of it (God’s Slowness to Punish 558A). When he was about 50 he became one of the priests of Apollo at Delphi, a role which accords with his commitment to public service and his firm belief in the traditional religion of the Greeks. It was apparently around this time that he began his career as a prolific author. By the end of his life his fame was well established. The story is told that his younger acquaintance Favorinus vainly “tried to rival the infinity of his collected works.” An indication of the number and range of these writings is provided by the catalogue of an unknown ancient library called the “Lamprias Catalogue.” This lists 227 items (a few of these being misdivided, misshelved, or wrongly attributed works).
Gendering Virtue
Authors: Mcnamara Jo Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Plato’s day, men could sit at dinner talking about themselves while they reduced women to a rhetorical device. Philosophers perceived that nature endowed everyone with some measure of virtue (manliness). They amused themselves with the abstract possibility that a few women might excel the majority of men and therefore qualify as rulers in an ideal republic. Individuals ranged along a single gender continuum from most manly to wholly effeminate. Thus most men and practically all women, lacking self-discipline and training, were doomed to subservience. When the sons of the privileged spoke only to one another, it was easy to define women as imperfect or deformed men, confirming their smug conviction that they normally sank to the lower end of the scale, unable to govern themselves without the support and guidance of their natural superiors. In that classical golden age, a good woman was never even named in public. An ideal woman was something for men to think with.
Plutarch on Persuasion
Authors: Stafford Emma J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ancients set Hermes at Aphrodite’s side, knowing that the pleasure of marriage needed his word more than anything, and with them they set Persuasion and the Graces, that married couples might gratify their desire with each other by persuasion, not in conflict or quarrelsomeness. In the opening paragraph of the Advice, Plutarch adduces the religious practice of “the ancients” in support of the proposition that harmony in marriage should be sought by means of mutual persuasion. In the immediate context of the quote this “persuasion” seems to be of an erotic variety, since its goal is gratification of desire, but such a preference for persuasion over confrontation in general is a feature of the essay. Plutarch’s advice on the subject is drawing on a long tradition of the “persuasion (peitho) against force (bia)” argument, a commonplace of classical rhetoric. His application of such ideas to the context of marriage, however, is informed by a further set of traditional associations which emphasize persuasion’s erotic side: Peitho, persuasion personified, was worshipped alongside Aphrodite and may have had a part to play in classical Greek wedding ritual.
Building an Einstein-Langevin Clock
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Constantia draws her fingers through her hair, which cascades over a cloak of tawny orange suede. She is a slim woman, in her mid-twenties, with honey-colored hair and eyes of luminous jade. As she walks forward, her plastic/platinum hybrid boots make a tiny clicking noise on the floor. “Mr. Veil, don’t worry; I’m here to learn, just like you. Maybe someday I can go back in time and visit with Peter the Great, the most outstanding of the Russian czars.” She gives his forelimb a squeeze and looks at him with a charming smile that involves her eyes as well as her mouth. The Zetamorph walks away with his rump tightly coiled against his body. He stands and squints at you.
The Brain’s Time Machine
Authors: Pickover Clifford A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You shake your head. “Mr. Veil, it must be a coincidence.” You pause. “And why do you think she’s a robot?” “I saw her insert a screwdriver into her right ear to make certain adjustments.” Constantia walks into the room. On her shirt are several large, blue-and-yellow triangles. Her shirt’s button’s are shaped like spirals, and her earrings, light-emitting diodes, are blinking. “Hey, you guys whispering about me again?” The triangles on her shirt seem to vibrate. “Mr. Veil has some crazy idea that you’re from the 1800s, that you knew Chopin.” “What?” Mr. Veil towers above Constantia. “Madame, your name-it’s the same as one of Chopin’s loves.” “Oh, all this whispering is about that?” She smiles. “I come from a musical family. They loved Chopin. They named me after Chopin’s girlfriend. They liked the name. Nothing strange about that.” You turn to Mr. Veil.
The Official Birth of Physics
Authors: Klein Étienne , Lachièze-Rey Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is often said that physics came of age during the seventeenth century with such leading figures as Galileo, Descartes, and Newton. The previous chapter has already underscored this illustrious lineage. But it would be a gross oversight to ignore their many predecessors, whose own reflections exerted a strong influence from Greek antiquity to the Middle Ages. The transition from the ancient conceptions of nature, outlined at the beginning of this book, to a nascent science was a slow and laborious process, covering many pages in the history of ideas. Among the numerous shapers of the modem age, besides the Greek thinkers and mathematicians, are Thomas Aquinas ( 1228-1274), also known as St. Thomas, and Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464). We start with Thomas Aquinas because, until the Middle Ages, reason was entirely subordinated to faith, the nature of grace, philosophy, and theology. The world, tainted by original sin, was effectively despised and considered contingent. After rereading Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas contributed to the birth of a philosophy distinct from theology, indeed relatively autonomous from it.
Modern Unifications
Authors: Klein Étienne , Lachièze-Rey Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quantum theory was invented to enable physicists to account for phenomena taking place on microscopic scales. These phenomena may involve either atoms or particles such as protons, neutrons, electrons, or even photons, which are discrete units of light. None of these objects can be seen with the naked eye, a magnifying glass, or even a microscope. They were not discovered until the twentieth century. From about 1920 to the present, quantum physics has been the discipline of choice to advance virtually every area of science, from solid state physics to nuclear and particle physics. It came into existence after physicists began to realize early in this century that the traditional laws of physics were unable to explain the behavior of atoms. In particular, classical physics could not account for the stability of atoms, nor for the mechanism by which these atoms can emit light. Electrons too seemed to have peculiar properties. Although they were supposed to circle around the atomic nucleus somewhat like planets around the sun, they did not appear to have well-defined orbits. In most cases, it looked instead as though they were smeared out in space.
Dreams of Unity at the Close of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Klein Étienne , Lachièze-Rey Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have mentioned, doctrines of things taken as a whole found a natural fit in monistic philosophies. Among them, we must make a distinction between those that hold that totality just is and those that promote unity through the bias of a transcendent principle. The universe is one by essence, believed a number of pre-Socratic philosophers. Those who agree with them that totality derives its unity and existence from itself will be inclined to make light of what internal multiplicity it may contain. Extremists might even argue that such multiplicity can only be rationalized as an incidental and temporary attribute. That, however, is not the point of view of modem physics, which considers that the unity of the universe stems from the laws that govern it. The physical order physicists talk about these days rings with a jurisdictive overtone: “Nature does not break its own laws,” exclaimed Leonardo da Vinci, adding: “It is constrained by the rationality of its law, which is infused and lives in it.” At the end of the nineteenth century, Lord Kelvin, a distinguished scientist, professed to feel sorry for future physicists.
A New Mount Vernon, 1758-1773
Authors: Dalzell Robert F , Dalzell Lee Baldwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almost three months after their wedding, George Washington was finally bringing his bride home to Mount Vernon, and his anxiety was clear in the hastily penned instructions he rushed on ahead to John Alton, one of his workers. Equally clear was the fact that while the house may have been habitable, it was not much more than that. The furniture was still being kept wherever it had been stored during the long months of construction, and apparently there had been no time to give the place a proper cleaning, or so Washington feared. One imagines scraps of wood, sawhorses, paint pots, bits of wallpaper, and plaster dust everywhere.
Artisans
Authors: Dalzell Robert F , Dalzell Lee Baldwin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In all of Washington’s building projects, slaves and their overseers played a vital role, but some of the changes he made at Mount Vernon called for skills they did not possess. Isaac in his shop crafted wheels and plows, and the outside carpenters built kitchens, washhouses, and barns, but for a finely carved chimneypiece in the dining room of the main house, or ceilings decorated with ornamental plasterwork, or properly cultivated specimens of rare plants, Washington did what other planter-builders did: he brought in artisans with specialized training. Some were indentured servants working to pay off the cost of their passage to America; others were independent members of fledgling artisan communities precariously planted in the New World. But whatever their circumstances, finding qualified artisans was no easy matter in Virginia, and managing their work could turn out to be every bit as difficult as managing the labor of slaves and overseers.