bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Applicability of Lumped Hydrological Models by Integrating the Generalized Complementary Relationship
Authors: Lei Xuxin , Cheng Lei , Zhang Lu , Cheng Shujie , Qin Shujing , Liu Pan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLumped hydrological models (LHMs) are indispensable for water resource planning and environmental studies due to simple structures and robust performances. LHMs commonly focus on runoff processes with crude representations for other hydrological processes, such as evapotranspiration (E). Therefore, these models may yield unrealistic water balance partitioning. The challenge is to enhance the LHMs performance while retaining simplicity. The generalized complementary relationship (GCR) is a simple and robust method for estimating E. This study attempted to incorporate GCR into four widely used LHMs (Australian water balance model, GR2M, SIMHYD, and TANK) to test whether the integrated models (GCR‐LHMs) can improve runoff simulation at little cost to the model structure and data requirement. Original LHMs and integrated GCR‐LHMs were tested in 2112 catchments over various climatic conditions. Results show that the GCR‐LHMs outperform original LHMs in most catchments (77.7 ± 5.0%). In addition, the number of catchments that GCR‐LHMs have qualified performance (i.e., Kling‐Gupta coefficient [KGE] more than 0.5) increased by 10.7 ± 3.6% compared with LHMs. The performance of original and integrated models is dependent on the aridity index and normalized vegetation index. However, the improvement in model performance is less catchment characteristics dependent. These results indicate that incorporating GCR into the LHMs improves the model performance under different climatic and vegetation conditions and justifies the integration. GCR integration with LHMs can improve runoff estimation ability (with higher KGE and R‐Square) while retaining model simplicity and readily available input. These findings are valuable for improving the applicability and accuracy of LHMs.
Electronic Moment Tensor Potentials include both electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom
Authors: Srinivasan Prashanth , Demuriya David , Grabowski Blazej , Shapeev Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the electronic moment tensor potentials (eMTPs), a class of machine-learning interatomic models and a generalization of the classical MTPs, reproducing both the electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, up to the accuracy of ab initio calculations. Following the original polynomial interpolation idea of the MTPs, the eMTPs are defined as polynomials of vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom, corrected to have a finite interatomic cutoff. Practically, an eMTP is constructed from the classical MTPs fitted to a training set, whose energies and forces are calculated with electronic temperatures corresponding to the Chebyshev nodes on a given temperature interval. The eMTP energy is hence a Chebyshev interpolation of the classical MTPs. Using the eMTP, one can obtain the temperature-dependent vibrational free energy including anharmonicity coming from phonon interactions, the electronic free energy coming from electron interactions, and the coupling of atomic vibrations and electronic excitations. Each of the contributions can be accessed individually using the proposed formalism. The performance of eMTPs is demonstrated for two refractory systems which have a significant electronic, vibrational and coupling contribution up to the melting point—unary Nb, and a disordered TaVCrW high-entropy alloy. Highly accurate thermodynamic and kinetic quantities can now be obtained just by using eMTPs, without any further ab initio calculations. The proposed construction to include the electronic degree of freedom can also be applied to other machine-learning models.
Multilayer stretchable electronics with designs enabling a compact lateral form
Authors: Jung Dongwuk , Ju Hunpyo , Cho Sungbum , Lee Taeyeon , Hong Changeui , Lee Jongho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStretchable electronics are of huge interest as they can be useful in various irregular non-planar or deformable surfaces including human bodies. High density multi-functional stretchable electronics are beneficial as they can be reliably used in more compact regions. However, simply stacking multiple layers may increase induced strain, reducing degree of stretchability. Here, we present the design approach for the stretchable multilayer electronics that provide a similar degree of stretchability compare to a single layer electronics although the multilayer electronics are in much more compact form. We provide experimental and computational analyses for the benefits of the approach along with demonstrations with compact form of the multi-functional stretchable implantable bio-electronics and of the stretchable multilayer passive matrix LEDs array. The results presented here should be useful for a wide range of applications that require stretchable high-density electronics.
Genomic insights into the comorbidity between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia
Authors: Arruda Ana Luiza , Khandaker Golam M. , Morris Andrew P. , Smith George Davey , Huckins Laura M. , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultimorbidity represents an increasingly important public health challenge with far-reaching implications for health management and policy. Mental health and metabolic diseases have a well-established epidemiological association. In this study, we investigate the genetic intersection between type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. We use Mendelian randomization to examine potential causal relationships between the two conditions and related endophenotypes. We report no compelling evidence that type 2 diabetes genetic liability potentially causally influences schizophrenia risk and vice versa. Our findings show that increased body mass index (BMI) has a protective effect against schizophrenia, in contrast to the well-known risk-increasing effect of BMI on type 2 diabetes risk. We identify evidence of colocalization of association signals for these two conditions at 11 genomic loci, six of which have opposing directions of effect for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia. To elucidate these colocalizing signals, we integrate multi-omics data from bulk and single-cell gene expression studies, along with functional information. We identify putative effector genes and find that they are enriched for homeostasis and lipid-related pathways. We also highlight drug repurposing opportunities including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Our findings provide insights into shared biological mechanisms for type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia, highlighting common factors that influence the risk of the two conditions in opposite directions and shedding light on the complex nature of this comorbidity.
Comparative genomics reveals the dynamics of chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera
Authors: Wright Charlotte J. , Stevens Lewis , Mackintosh Alexander , Lawniczak Mara , Blaxter Mark 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChromosomes are a central unit of genome organization. One-tenth of all described species on Earth are butterflies and moths, the Lepidoptera, which generally possess 31 chromosomes. However, some species display dramatic variation in chromosome number. Here we analyse 210 chromosomally complete lepidopteran genomes and show that the chromosomes of extant lepidopterans are derived from 32 ancestral linkage groups, which we term Merian elements. Merian elements have remained largely intact through 250 million years of evolution and diversification. Against this stable background, eight lineages have undergone extensive reorganization either through numerous fissions or a combination of fusion and fission events. Outside these lineages, fusions are rare and fissions are rarer still. Fusions often involve small, repeat-rich Merian elements and the sex-linked element. Our results reveal the constraints on genome architecture in Lepidoptera and provide a deeper understanding of chromosomal rearrangements in eukaryotic genome evolution.
Genomics of post-bottleneck recovery in the northern elephant seal
Authors: Hoelzel A. Rus , Gkafas Georgios A. , Kang Hui , Sarigol Fatih , Le Boeuf Burney , Costa Daniel P. , Beltran Roxanne S. , Reiter Joanne , Robinson Patrick W. , McInerney Nancy , Seim Inge , Sun Shuai , Fan Guangyi , Li Songhai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPopulations and species are threatened by human pressure, but their fate is variable. Some depleted populations, such as that of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), recover rapidly even when the surviving population was small. The northern elephant seal was hunted extensively and taken by collectors between the early 1800s and 1892, suffering an extreme population bottleneck as a consequence. Recovery was rapid and now there are over 200,000 individuals. We sequenced 260 modern and 8 historical northern elephant seal nuclear genomes to assess the impact of the population bottleneck on individual northern elephant seals and to better understand their recovery. Here we show that inbreeding, an increase in the frequency of alleles compromised by lost function, and allele frequency distortion, reduced the fitness of breeding males and females, as well as the performance of adult females on foraging migrations. We provide a detailed investigation of the impact of a severe bottleneck on fitness at the genomic level and report on the role of specific gene systems.
Prevalence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 in a large community surveillance study
Authors: Ghafari Mahan , Hall Matthew , Golubchik Tanya , Ayoubkhani Daniel , House Thomas , MacIntyre-Cockett George , Fryer Helen R. , Thomson Laura , Nurtay Anel , Kemp Steven A. , Ferretti Luca , Buck David , Green Angie , Trebes Amy , Piazza Paolo , Lonie Lorne J. , Studley Ruth , Rourke Emma , Smith Darren L. , Bashton Matthew , Nelson Andrew , Crown Matthew , McCann Clare , Young Gregory R. , Santos Rui Andre Nunes dos , Richards Zack , Tariq Mohammad Adnan , Cahuantzi Roberto ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute COVID-19 Surveillance Team,   COVID-19 Infection Survey Group,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Barrett Jeff , Fraser Christophe , Bonsall David , Walker Ann Sarah , Lythgoe Katrina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPersistent SARS-CoV-2 infections may act as viral reservoirs that could seed future outbreaks1–5, give rise to highly divergent lineages6–8 and contribute to cases with post-acute COVID-19 sequelae (long COVID)9,10. However, the population prevalence of persistent infections, their viral load kinetics and evolutionary dynamics over the course of infections remain largely unknown. Here, using viral sequence data collected as part of a national infection survey, we identified 381 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 RNA at high titre persisting for at least 30 days, of which 54 had viral RNA persisting at least 60 days. We refer to these as ‘persistent infections’ as available evidence suggests that they represent ongoing viral replication, although the persistence of non-replicating RNA cannot be ruled out in all. Individuals with persistent infection had more than 50% higher odds of self-reporting long COVID than individuals with non-persistent infection. We estimate that 0.1–0.5% of infections may become persistent with typically rebounding high viral loads and last for at least 60 days. In some individuals, we identified many viral amino acid substitutions, indicating periods of strong positive selection, whereas others had no consensus change in the sequences for prolonged periods, consistent with weak selection. Substitutions included mutations that are lineage defining for SARS-CoV-2 variants, at target sites for monoclonal antibodies and/or are commonly found in immunocompromised people11–14. This work has profound implications for understanding and characterizing SARS-CoV-2 infection, epidemiology and evolution.
WNT signalling control by KDM5C during development affects cognition
Authors: Karwacki-Neisius Violetta , Jang Ahram , Cukuroglu Engin , Tai Albert , Jiao Alan , Predes Danilo , Yoon Joon , Brookes Emily , Chen Jiekai , Iberg Aimee , Halbritter Florian , Õunap Katrin , Gecz Jozef , Schlaeger Thorsten M. , Ho Sui Shannan , Göke Jonathan , He Xi , Lehtinen Maria K. , Pomeroy Scott L. , Shi Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough KDM5C is one of the most frequently mutated genes in X-linked intellectual disability1, the exact mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment remain unknown. Here we use human patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and Kdm5c knockout mice to conduct cellular, transcriptomic, chromatin and behavioural studies. KDM5C is identified as a safeguard to ensure that neurodevelopment occurs at an appropriate timescale, the disruption of which leads to intellectual disability. Specifically, there is a developmental window during which KDM5C directly controls WNT output to regulate the timely transition of primary to intermediate progenitor cells and consequently neurogenesis. Treatment with WNT signalling modulators at specific times reveal that only a transient alteration of the canonical WNT signalling pathway is sufficient to rescue the transcriptomic and chromatin landscapes in patient-derived cells and to induce these changes in wild-type cells. Notably, WNT inhibition during this developmental period also rescues behavioural changes of Kdm5c knockout mice. Conversely, a single injection of WNT3A into the brains of wild-type embryonic mice cause anxiety and memory alterations. Our work identifies KDM5C as a crucial sentinel for neurodevelopment and sheds new light on KDM5C mutation-associated intellectual disability. The results also increase our general understanding of memory and anxiety formation, with the identification of WNT functioning in a transient nature to affect long-lasting cognitive function.
Super-additive cooperation
Authors: Efferson Charles , Bernhard Helen , Fischbacher Urs , Fehr Ernst 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRepeated interactions provide an evolutionary explanation for one-shot human cooperation that is counterintuitive but orthodox1–3. Intergroup competition4–7 provides an explanation that is intuitive but heterodox. Here, using models and a behavioural experiment, we show that neither mechanism reliably supports cooperation. Ambiguous reciprocity, a class of strategies that is generally ignored in models of reciprocal altruism, undermines cooperation under repeated interactions. This finding challenges repeated interactions as an evolutionary explanation for cooperation in general, which further challenges the claim that repeated interactions in the past can explain one-shot cooperation in the present. Intergroup competitions also do not reliably support cooperation because groups quickly become extremely similar, which limits scope for group selection. Moreover, even if groups vary, group competitions may generate little group selection for multiple reasons. Cooperative groups, for example, may tend to compete against each other8. Whereas repeated interactions and group competitions do not support cooperation by themselves, combining them triggers powerful synergies because group competitions constrain the corrosive effect of ambiguous reciprocity. Evolved strategies often consist of cooperative reciprocity with ingroup partners and uncooperative reciprocity with outgroup partners. Results from a behavioural experiment in Papua New Guinea fit exactly this pattern. They thus suggest neither an evolutionary history of repeated interactions without group competition nor a history of group competition without repeated interactions. Instead, our results suggest social motives that evolved under the joint influence of both mechanisms.
Highly accurate blood test for Alzheimer’s disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid tests
Authors: Barthélemy Nicolas R. , Salvadó Gemma , Schindler Suzanne E. , He Yingxin , Janelidze Shorena , Collij Lyduine E. , Saef Benjamin , Henson Rachel L. , Chen Charles D. , Gordon Brian A. , Li Yan , La Joie Renaud , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Morris John C. , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Palmqvist Sebastian , Ossenkoppele Rik , Rabinovici Gil D. , Stomrud Erik , Bateman Randall J. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith the emergence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disease-modifying therapies, identifying patients who could benefit from these treatments becomes critical. In this study, we evaluated whether a precise blood test could perform as well as established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests in detecting amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles. Plasma %p-tau217 (ratio of phosporylated-tau217 to non-phosphorylated tau) was analyzed by mass spectrometry in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 cohort (n = 1,422) and the US Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) cohort (n = 337). Matched CSF samples were analyzed with clinically used and FDA-approved automated immunoassays for Aβ42/40 and p-tau181/Aβ42. The primary and secondary outcomes were detection of brain Aβ or tau pathology, respectively, using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as the reference standard. Main analyses were focused on individuals with cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia), which is the target population for available disease-modifying treatments. Plasma %p-tau217 was clinically equivalent to FDA-approved CSF tests in classifying Aβ PET status, with an area under the curve (AUC) for both between 0.95 and 0.97. Plasma %p-tau217 was generally superior to CSF tests in classification of tau-PET with AUCs of 0.95–0.98. In cognitively impaired subcohorts (BioFINDER-2: n = 720; Knight ADRC: n = 50), plasma %p-tau217 had an accuracy, a positive predictive value and a negative predictive value of 89–90% for Aβ PET and 87–88% for tau PET status, which was clinically equivalent to CSF tests, further improving to 95% using a two-cutoffs approach. Blood plasma %p-tau217 demonstrated performance that was clinically equivalent or superior to clinically used FDA-approved CSF tests in the detection of AD pathology. Use of high-performance blood tests in clinical practice can improve access to accurate AD diagnosis and AD-specific treatments.
A mixed methods experience sampling study of a posttraumatic growth model for addiction recovery
Authors: Runyan Jason D. , Vermilya Silas , St. Pierre Megan , Brooks Nathan W. , Fowler Avery , Brewer Tia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProblematic substance use and addiction is a growing crisis in the United States. As a result, identifying factors that effectively promote addiction recovery is, currently, of particular societal importance. Informed by evidence that—while addiction can be perpetuated by stress-related impulsivity and decreased self-regulation—perceived social support is protective against addiction, we test a model for addiction recovery as a form of posttraumatic growth (PTG), focused specifically on close relationships and personal strength—two domains of PTG. In an initial study, we found that perceived social support and impulsivity predicted number of relapses in individuals in a substance use disorder recovery program. Using experience sampling, we then observed that experiencing a stressful event predicted impulsive behavior. However, experiencing closeness with others—a domain of PTG—was directly associated with perceived social support, and both predicted positive emotional states, which were, in turn, inversely associated with experiencing a stressful event. Further, when experiencing a stressful event, personal strength—also a domain of PTG—was inversely associated with impulsive behavior and was predicted by both perceived social support and positive emotional states. Finally, in a follow-up experiment, we found that an ecological momentary intervention targeting perceived social support decreased impulsivity and increased self-regulation—an aspect of personal strength—in a dose-dependent fashion. Taken together, our findings: (1) support a PTG model for recovery; (2) provide evidence for processes by which close supportive relationships are protective against addiction and relapse; and (3) indicate that self-regulation is responsive to a short in-the-moment perceived social support intervention. We suggest that these findings support the theory that addiction is a social disease in the sense that close personal interactions and supportive relationships: (a) buffer against stress-related impulsivity, thereby protecting against addiction and relapse; and (b) increase personal strength, thereby decreasing the probability of impulsive—including addictive—behavior and promoting recovery.
Study on formation mechanism of mud-inclusion-type underground debris flows using natural caving method
Authors: Niu Xiangdong , Hou Kepeng , Bao Guangtuo , Zhe Yalei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the formation mechanism of the mud-inclusion-type underground debris flows of natural caving underground mines. The characteristics of fine moraine particles flowing through the coarse-grained ore bed were used to analyze the formation process of mud inclusions in the caving ore bed through a physical model test. Based on the movement behavior of the mud inclusions of moraine in the caving ore bed, a formation-mechanism generalized model of underground debris flows with mud inclusions was established. The model was used to examine the formation mechanism of mud-inclusion-type underground debris flows in natural caving. The results showed that the fine moraine particles had good cross-flow characteristics in the process of drawing coarse-grained ore. The accumulation of fine moraine in the ore bed was a prerequisite for the formation of mud inclusions, and the fluid inclusions were formed by a mixture of the particles with the infiltrated water. When mud inclusions in moraine are affected by many factors, such as ore-drawing vibrations, blasting vibrations, and groundwater, the inclusions undergo multiple migration–stop–migration cycles, resulting in separation or fusion. However, the inclusions are released along the optimal random pore path to the outlet, forming a certain scale of underground debris flows accidents. The accuracy and reliability of the formation mechanism were verified through geophysical explorations based on the equivalent inverse flux transient electromagnetic method. This study not only broadens the research on debris flow, but also provides theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of underground debris flows.