bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nociceptor structural specialization in canine and rodent testicular “free” nerve endings
Authors: Kruger Lawrence , Kavookjian Anahid M. , Kumazawa Takao , Light Alan R. , Mizumura Kazue 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe receptive fields (RFs) of polymodal nociceptor units of canine testis consist of small fascicles of branching axons ending as clusters within the thin vascular layer overlying the seminiferous tubules. This propitious arrangement enabled serial reconstruction of electron micrographs of a flat, punctate zone, identified during recording of impulse discharge of a single physiologically characterized nociceptor “unit.” The RFs showed multiple axons, with some branching and sequential vesicle‐containing swellings, similar to what have been called terminals and assumed to constitute impulse generating sites in other tissues. Consistent with this interpretation is the local presence of: (1) clusters of small mitochondria, (2) glycogen granules, and (3) sectors of axolemma denuded of Schwann cell processes and thus “free” endings directly contacting the epithelial basal lamina. The most distal sectors showed additional morphologic properties: (1) zones of vesicles embedded in an extensive granular matrix, (2) preterminal arrays of “axonal reticulum” derived from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum displacing axonal cytoskeletal elements, (3) a variety of sizes and electron lucency in clear, spherical vesicles and a few granular or dense‐core vesicles, and (4) specialization in the last Schwann cell of the fascicle. These latter features may reflect differences in the specialized receptor mechanisms of nociceptors that are difficult to detect without extensive serial electron microscopic analysis. Alternatively, these features may constitute a regional specialization of the testis. The term free nerve ending is perhaps an insufficient and inaccurate descriptor of the morphology of nociceptors. These findings are considered in the context of their possible relation to the sensitized vanilloid receptor mechanism unique to nociceptors. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:197–211, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vesicular glutamate transporters, VGluT1 and VGluT2, in the trigeminal ganglion neurons of the rat, with special reference to coexpression
Authors: Li Jin‐Lian , Xiong Kang‐Hui , Dong Yu‐Lin , Fujiyama Fumino , Kaneko Takeshi , Mizuno Noboru 
Published: June 2003

AbstractVesicular glutamate transporters are responsible for glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles. In the present study, we examined immunohistochemically the expression of vesicular glutamate transporters, VGluT1 and VGluT2, in trigeminal ganglion neurons of the rat. Immunohistochemistry for VGluT1 and VGluT2 indicated that more than 80% of trigeminal ganglion neurons express VGluT1 and/or VGluT2 in their cell bodies. It also indicated that large and small trigeminal ganglion neurons express VGluT2 more frequently than VGluT1. Dual immunofluorescence histochemistry for VGluT1 and VGluT2 indicated that trigeminal ganglion neurons express VGluT2 more frequently than VGluT1 and that more than 80% of VGluT‐expressing trigeminal ganglion neurons express VGluT1 and VGluT2. Many axon terminals in the superficial layers of the medullary dorsal horn also showed VGluT1 and VGluT2 immunoreactivities. Some of these axon terminals were confirmed to form the central core of the synaptic glomerulus. These results indicated that VGluT1 and VGluT2 are coexpressed in the cell bodies and axon terminals in most trigeminal ganglion neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:212–220, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural analysis of [3H]thymidine‐labeled cells in the rat utricular macula
Authors: Oesterle Elizabeth C. , Cunningham Dale E. , Westrum Lesnick E. , Rubel Edwin W 
Published: June 2003

AbstractOtotoxic drugs stimulate cell proliferation in adult rat vestibular sensory epithelia, as does the infusion of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) plus insulin. We sought to determine whether new hair cells can be regenerated by means of a mitotic pathway. Previously, studies have shown that the nuclei of some newly generated cells are located in the lumenal half of the sensory epithelium, suggesting that some may be newly generated sensory hair cells. The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural characteristics of newly proliferated cells after TGFα stimulation and/or aminoglycoside damage in the utricular sensory epithelium of the adult rat. The cell proliferation marker tritiated‐thymidine was infused, with or without TGFα plus insulin, into the inner ears of normal or aminoglycoside‐damaged rats for 3 or 7 days by means of osmotic pumps. Autoradiographic techniques and light microscopy were used to identify cells synthesizing DNA. Sections with labeled cells were re‐embedded, processed for transmission electron microscopy, and the ultrastructural characteristics of the labeled cells were examined. The following five classes of tritiated‐thymidine labeled cells were identified in the sensory epithelium: (1) labeled cells with synaptic specializations that appeared to be newly generated hair cells, (2) labeled supporting cells, (3) labeled leukocytes, (4) labeled cells that we have classified as “active cells” in that they are relatively nondescript but contain massive numbers of polyribosomes, and (5) labeled degenerating hair cells. These findings suggest that new hair cells can be generated in situ by means of a mitotic mechanism in the vestibular sensory epithelium of adult mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:177–195, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Progressive degeneration of nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein‐enriched pyramidal neurons predicts cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease: Stereologic analysis of prefrontal cortex area 9
Authors: Bussière Thierry , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon , Bouras Constantin , Perl Daniel P. , Morrison John H. , Hof Patrick R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe performed a stereologic analysis of a subset of pyramidal neurons known to be vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and characterized by particularly high somatodendritic levels of nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein. In the neocortex, these large pyramidal neurons reside in the deep part of layer III (layer IIIc) and the superficial part of layer V (layer Va). We focused on prefrontal cortex area 9 in elderly control cases in comparison to cases with different degrees of cognitive dysfunction. The results confirmed that these neurons are preferentially vulnerable in AD, as their numbers decrease dramatically in cases with definite dementia, correlating strongly with the severity of the disease, to a nearly complete loss (>90%) in the endstages of AD. Furthermore, a triple‐labeling experimental paradigm revealed that these particular neurons are far more likely to develop neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and do so at a faster rate than other pyramidal cells. Nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein‐rich neurons also shrink considerably during formation of NFT and the largest among them are preferentially affected. Laminar differences in the severity of these effects were observed, layer Va being more severely affected, possibly correlating with the involvement of specific cortical projections. These data reveal that different populations of neurons prone to NFT formation are lost at different rates in AD, and that nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein‐enriched neurons emerge as a strikingly vulnerable subpopulation of neurons. Their preferential involvement suggests that neurons providing specific corticocortical connections between association areas are at high risk for degeneration in AD. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:281–302, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern of retinal projections in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi): Anterograde tracing study using cholera toxin
Authors: Major Daniel E. , Rodman Hillary R. , Libedinsky Camilo , Karten Harvey J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe retinofugal pathways in the California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi, were mapped after intravitreal injections of cholera toxin B‐subunit. The results of the current study are consistent with work in other mammals and provide new details relevant to the organization and evolution of the visual system. All retinorecipient nuclei received bilateral input, with a contralateral predominance. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is heavily innervated, and sparse terminals were noted in other hypothalamic areas. In addition to the interstitial, medial, lateral, and dorsal terminal nuclei, a few fibers of the accessory optic tract may enter the ventral lateral geniculate and the nucleus of the optic tract, though this innervation may not derive from the same ganglion cells innervating the accessory optic nuclei. Retinal terminals are found in the intergeniculate leaflet and the “dorsal cap” of the ventral lateral geniculate. Retinal fibers pass rostrally from the dorsal cap toward the anterodorsal thalamus, confirming a projection described in the tree shrew and monkeys. Retinal termination patterns in the dorsal lateral geniculate reveal a hexilaminate organization of alternating ipsilateral and contralateral input. Variations in terminal morphology suggest that sublayers receive input from distinct ganglion cell types and that laminar comparisons can be made with primates. Finally, terminal patterns in the superior colliculus reveal a dense, highly ordered columnar organization supporting functional properties of tectal receptive fields. All the visual structures in the ground squirrel are large and well differentiated, making the sciurid visual system an accessible rodent model for comparing visual processing with that in other diurnal vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:317–340, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From determining capacity to facilitating competencies: A new mediation framework
Authors: Crawford Susan H. , Dabney Lewis , Filner Judith M. , Maida Peter R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSome in the mediation field suggest that mediators should determine whether or not a participant has the
capacity to mediate. This article asserts that determining capacity limits parties' access to the mediation
process, abridges civil rights, reduces mediator effectiveness, and erodes fundamental principles of mediation.
It proposes a framework that centers not on legal or clinical practice, but on the theory and practice of
mediation as a distinct field.
Mediator reflections on practice: Connecting select demographics and preferred orientations
Authors: Herrman Margaret S. , Hollett Nancy L. , Eaker Dawn Goettler , Gale Jerry 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis article uses several indicators of a mediator's orientation: (1) his or her goals,
(2) focus on the process of mediation, (3) perceptions of personal strengths, (4)
the signals that tell him or her that a mediation is working, and (5) his or her preferred outcome. We
examine how select demographic and practice characteristics—sex, experience as a mediator, professional
background, and organizational context—relate to orientations. The characteristics of sex and professional
background significantly modify the general pattern in ways that confirm assumptions common in the literatures
on negotiation and mediation.
Adversaries? Partners? How about counterparts? On metaphors in the practice and teaching of negotiation and dispute resolution
Authors: Cohen Jonathan R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMetaphors pervade the practice of negotiation and related dispute resolution processes. The dominant
metaphors are competitive ones, from games, sports, and war. A second set of cooperative metaphors, often from
dance, is also used. This article argues that, since negotiation and related dispute resolution processes
inherently involve both competition and cooperation, language reflecting that tension should be used. For
example, negotiating parties should be called by the mixed term counterpart rather than the
purely competitive adversary or the purely cooperative partner. Counterpart
may also be a very useful metaphor in teaching these subjects. Language awareness can help us better understand
and at times improve dispute resolution practice and teaching.
Having students take responsibility for the process of learning
Authors: Schneider Andrea K. , Macfarlane Julie 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThere is often an inconsistency in conflict resolution teaching between what we are trying to
impart—that process matters deeply and that we should be proactive about enabling effective and
appropriate process—and how class is often conducted. This short article offers some reflections on the
sources of that inconsistency, and some suggestions for corrective action.
Preparation of Pt–Ru Alloyed Thin Films Using a Single‐Source CVD Precursor
Authors: Huang S.‐F. , Chi Y. , Liu C.‐S. , Carty A.J. , Mast K. , Bock C. , MacDougall B. , Peng S.‐M. , Lee G.‐H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTreatment of (dimethylaminomethyl)ruthenocene with cis‐Pt(DMSO)2Cl2 led to the formation of a ruthenocenyl platinum complex [CpRu(η5‐C5H3CH2NMe2)Pt(DMSO)Cl] (1); subsequent treatment of 1 with [Na(hfac)] afforded an air‐stable Pt–Ru complex [CpRu(η5‐C5H3CH2NMe2)Pt(hfac)] (2). Its volatility and other physical data relevant to CVD experiments were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Pt–Ru thin films were then deposited at two deposition temperatures, 300 °C and 400 °C, using O2 as the reactive carrier gas. The as‐deposited thin films were characterized using energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated the formation of a homogeneous Pt–Ru solid solution at the lower deposition temperature. However, upon raising the temperature to 400 °C, phase separation between Pt and Ru occurred, which then induced the growth of RuO2 grains at the substrate surface and caused depletion of the alloy in ruthenium. The electrocatalytic activities of the films, in respect of methanol oxidation, were investigated, in half‐cell experiments, by cyclic voltammetry.
Electrical Measurements and Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Silicon–Carbon Alloys Grown by PACVD: Correlation with Film Microstructure
Authors: Thomas L. , Tomasella E. , Badie J.M. , Berjoan R. , Ducarroir M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractHard hydrogen‐containing silicon–carbon‐based films were grown at medium temperatures in the range 453–853 K in a plasma‐assisted (PA) CVD device using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as the precursor. TMS plasma chemistry is not clearly understood so, in order to gain a better understanding of this process, both electrical measurements, to estimate ion energy and flux, and optical emission spectroscopy (OES), to identify chemical species occurring in the gas near the film surface, have been used to establish correlations between characteristics of the discharge and the films. In this process, an increase in the energy of the ions tends to lower the silicon to carbon atomic ratio (Si/C) whatever the temperature. Since this is the opposite to what might be expected, it follows that the ion bombardment is a key factor. The Si/C variations are related to the behavior of gaseous emitting species near the plasma sheath close to an a‐SiC/H biased surface set in non‐reactive (pure argon, argon/H2), then reactive (argon/TMS) plasmas. OES reveals that only a few species (Ar, Ar+, H, and Si+) are emitting. Their corresponding lines are strongly broadened by the Doppler effect function of the applied bias voltage and plasma nature. The Si+ line exhibits two energy populations, fast and slow. The fast one is related to electron dissociative excitation processes involving ions, whereas the slow Si+ population seems to originate from neutral groups extracted from the surface or coming from complex species in the plasma gas. Up to three energy components were identified in the Hα line profile. One is typical of both the TMS dissociation and the emission of hydrogen‐containing species coming from the bombarded deposit. A comparison between the variations of relative densities of Si+ and H, and material data, indicates that the deposit can be etched or sputtered (either congruently or non‐congruently) leading, in the maximum ion energy range (120–180 eV), to a drastic modification of the film microstructure. This latter point is analyzed in connection with the coating surface hardness (17 GPa < H < 30 GPa).
A Study on the Metal Organic CVD of Pure Copper Films from Low Cost Copper(II) Dialkylamino‐2‐propoxides: Tuning the Thermal Properties of the Precursor by Small Variations of the Ligand
Authors: Becker R. , Devi A. , Weiß J. , Weckenmann U. , Winter M. , Kiener C. , Becker H.‐W. , Fischer R.A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPure copper metal thin films were grown on SiO2/Si(100) substrates by metal–organic (MO) CVD in a horizontal cold‐wall reactor employing the two metal–organic compounds, Cu(OCHMeCH2NR2)2, where R = Et (1) and R = Me (2) as precursors. Thermogravimetric analyses proved them to be convenient compounds for the deposition of copper without a reducing agent. Depositions were carried out at various substrate temperatures in the range 230–350 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the resulting films were highly crystalline and showed a strong (111) preferred orientation, which increased with increasing deposition temperature. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that copper films deposited at 230 °C and 260 °C consisted solely of metallic copper with no detectable carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen contamination. Copper films obtained from 1 at 260 °C had a resistivity of 2.16 μΩ cm.
Rapid detection of respiring Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice, milk, and ground beef by flow cytometry
Authors: Yamaguchi Nobuyasu , Sasada Makoto , Yamanaka Mio , Nasu Masao 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundRapid and simple methods to detect viable pathogenic microbes in foods and drinks are required. Flow cytometry was used for the rapid detection of respiring Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in apple juice, milk, and ground beef.MethodsCTC (5‐cyano‐2,3‐ditolyl tetrazolium chloride) was used to estimate the respiratory activity of bacteria. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled anti‐E. coli O157:H7 direct antibody (FA) was used for the specific detection of target cells. Food samples were inoculated with starved E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli K‐12 cells, and analyzed by both fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry after double staining with FA and CTC.ResultsRespiring E. coli O157:H7 cells in food samples showed strong fluorescence of both FA (green) and CTC (red); thus, they could be clearly and specifically distinguished from respiring E. coli K‐12 or inactive cells. A good correlation was achieved in flow cytometric analysis between the numbers of inoculated viable E. coli O157:H7 and those detected in milk and apple juice. The detection threshold for this flow cytometry for E. coli O157:H7 in milk, apple juice, and ground beef was 103 cells/ml (milk and apple juice) or 103 cells/g (ground beef) of sample when the total bacterial number in the sample was 106 cells/ml.ConclusionsRespiring E. coli O157:H7 in food samples can be detected specifically within a few hours. Flow cytometry with FA‐CTC double staining can be used to examine food contamination with various pathogenic microbes demonstrating physiologic activity through the use of a suitable fluorescent antibody. Cytometry Part A 54A:27–35, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of violet‐excited fluorochromes by flow cytometry using a violet laser diode
Authors: Telford William G. , Hawley Teresa S. , Hawley Robert G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundLow power violet laser diodes (VLDs) have been evaluated as potential replacements for water‐cooled argon‐ion and krypton‐ion ultraviolet and violet lasers for DNA content analysis using the Hoechst dyes and 4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (Shapiro HMN, Perlmutter NG: Cytometry 44:133–136, 2001). In this study, we used a VLD to excite a variety of violet‐excited fluorescent molecules important in biomedical analysis, including the fluorochromes Cascade Blue and Pacific Blue, the expressible fluorescent protein cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), and the fluorogenic alkaline phosphatase (AP) substrate 2‐(5′‐chloro‐2′‐phosphoryloxyphenyl)‐6‐chloro‐4‐(3H)‐quinazoline (ELF‐97; for endogenous AP detection and cell surface labeling with AP‐conjugated antibodies).MethodsComparisons were made between VLD excitation and a krypton‐ion laser emitting at 407 nm (both at higher power levels and with the beam attenuated at levels approximating the VLD) on the same FACSVantage SE stream‐in‐air flow cytometer. We evaluated a Power Technology 408‐nm VLD (30 mW) equipped with circularization optics (18 mW maximum output, set to 15 mW) and a Coherent I‐302C krypton‐ion laser emitting at power levels ranging from 15 to 75 mW.ResultsCascade Blue, Pacific Blue, and CFP showed comparable signal‐to‐noise ratios and levels of sensitivity with VLD excitation versus the krypton‐ion laser at high and VLD‐matched power outputs. Multicolor fluorescent protein analysis with 488‐nm excitation of green fluorescent protein and DsRed and VLD excitation of CFP was therefore feasible and was demonstrated. Similar levels of excitation efficiency between krypton‐ion and VLD sources also were observed for ELF‐97 detection.ConclusionsThese evaluations confirmed that VLDs may be cost‐ and maintenance‐effective replacements for water‐cooled gas lasers for applications requiring violet excitation in addition to DNA binding dyes. Cytometry Part A 54A:48–55, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometry as a strategy to study radiation‐induced bystander effects in co‐culture systems
Authors: Gerashchenko Bogdan I. , Howell Roger W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest in the role of bystander effects in the biological response of mammalian cells to ionizing radiation. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of bystander effects requires quick and reliable methodologies. The present work uses a flow cytometric approach to study proliferation of bystander cells co‐cultured with irradiated cells.MethodsConfluent monolayers of rat liver epithelial cells (WB‐F344) were irradiated with 137Cs γ‐rays at dose ranges 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 Gy. Irradiated cells were mixed with unirradiated cells (i.e., bystander cells) at a ratio of 1:1 and cultured together for 24 h followed by a flow cytometry (FCM) study of their proliferation. In order to discriminate the two populations of co‐cultured cells, one of the cell populations (unirradiated cells) was stained with the lipophilic fluorescent dye DiI.ResultsUnirradiated cells, in the presence of cells irradiated at doses above 0.5 Gy, showed an enhanced cell growth by approximately 14–17%.ConclusionsCells irradiated with gamma rays can induce increased proliferation in neighboring unirradiated bystander cells. FCM provides an excellent basis for characterization of these and other bystander effects in co‐culture systems. Cytometry Part A 54A:1–7, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.