bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oral-gut axis: a missing piece in the IBD puzzle
Authors: Kitamoto Sho , Kamada Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial intractable intestinal disease. Focusing on only one facet of the pathogenesis of IBD is insufficient to fully capture the complexity of the disease, and results in limited advance in clinical management. Therefore, it is critical to dissect the interactions amongst the multifarious contributors to the pathogenesis to comprehensively understand its pathology and subsequently improve clinical outcomes. In this context, the systemic interactions between organs, particularly the oral-gut axis mediated by host immune cells and resident microorganisms, have garnered significant attention in IBD research. More specifically, periodontal disease such as periodontitis has been implicated in augmenting intestinal inflammation beyond the confines of the oral cavity. There is mounting evidence suggesting that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria, termed pathobionts, and pro-inflammatory immune cells from the oral mucosa can migrate to the gastrointestinal tract, thereby potentiating intestinal inflammation. This article aims to provide a holistic overview of the causal relationship between periodontal disease and intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, we will discuss potential determinants that facilitate the translocation of oral pathobionts into the gut, a key event underpinning the oral-gut axis. Unraveling the complex dynamics of microbiota and immunity in the oral-gut continuum will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology inherent in both oral and intestinal diseases and the development of prospective therapeutic strategies.
Prevalence of aortic aneurysmal sac expansion using CTA in type II endoleak: comparison between endoleak visualization in CTA phase and in delayed phase
Authors: Khantayanuwong Supawut , Wasinrat Jitladda , Patharateeranart Karnkawin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the prevalence of aneurysmal sac expansion in type II endoleak (T2E) presenting on CTA phase with T2E presenting on delayed phase.

Methods
A retrospective study at a single tertiary care center in Bangkok, Thailand. Serial measurement of aneurysmal sac diameters was obtained and the prevalence of aneurysmal sac expansion was compared.

Results
130 patients were enrolled from January 2005 to December 2019. The prevalence of aneurysmal sac expansion in T2E patients presenting in the CTA phase and delayed phase in this 2-year observational study were 16% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.065). Age > 80 years (25.8% vs. 8.8%; P = 0.028) and initial aneurysmal sac diameter (71.3 mm vs. 57.7 mm; P = 0.035) were associated with the aneurysmal sac expansion. Aneurysmal sac expansion occurred in 18.3% of patients with patent IMA and 6% of patients with occluded IMA (P = 0.053). The number and diameter of lumbar artery feeder, and the presence of intrastent thrombus were not associated with aneurysmal sac expansion. T2E presenting on CTA phase resolved in 9.2% of cases compared with 7.14% of delayed phase cases (P = 1.0).

Conclusions
The prevalence of aneurysmal sac expansion in T2E patients presenting on CTA phase was not statistically significantly higher than in patients on delayed phase. Age more than 80 years and initial aneurysmal sac diameter were significantly associated with aneurysmal sac expansion.
A modified model for laser-cornea interaction following the ablation effect in the laser eye-surgery
Authors: Abdelhalim Ibrahim , Hamdy Omnia , Hassan Aziza Ahmed , Abdelkawi Salwa , Elnaby Salah Hassab 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Laser corneal reshaping is a successful treatment of many refraction disorders. However, some physical demonstrations for the laser interaction with cornea are not fully explained. In the current paper, we present a modified model to precisely investigate the ablation threshold, the ablation rate and the physical/chemical mechanisms in that action.

Results
The model discusses the possible photochemical reaction between the incident photons and various components of the cornea. Such photochemical reaction may end by photo-ablation or just molecular electronic excitation. The ablation threshold is also produced by other chemical reaction. Finally another chemical reaction creates out-site fragments. Moreover, the effect of applying different laser wavelengths, namely the common excimer-laser (193-nm), and the solid-state lasers (213-nm & 266-nm) has been investigated.

Conclusion
Despite the success and ubiquity of the Argon Fluoride “ArF” laser, our results reveal that a carefully designed 213-nm laser gives the same outcomes with the potential of possible lower operational drawbacks related with heat generation and diffusion.
High magnification versus optical magnification in hypospadias surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Radwan Moemen Mohamed Farouk , Kaddah Sherif Nabhan , ElTagy Gamal Hasan , Abdullateef Khaled S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypospadias is the most common congenital abnormality of the urethra affecting live male births. The incidence is rising with the increasing pollution. During the last 50 years, developments in surgical instrumentation and optical systems allowed surgeons to increasingly undertake microsurgical procedures. Optical magnification is essential in pediatric surgery. Magnifying loupes are the most frequently used, although they often cause neck pain to the surgeon. Recent advances led to the development of a compact video microscope (VITOM; Karl Storz Endoscopy GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany) that displays high-definition magnified images on a flat screen.

Objective
Evaluate VITOM as a potential substitute for loupes in complex open pediatric procedures and explore VITOM as an effective intraoperative teaching modality for open surgery.

Methods
Fifty-two patients enrolled in our study were divided into two groups: Group A (26): high magnification was used either (VITOM Karl Storz Endoscopy GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany) or (Surgical microscope, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH), along with microsurgical instruments. Vicryl 8-0 suture was used for urethroplasty. Group B (26): patients were operated upon by conventional instruments (fine tip but not microsurgical instruments), sutures, and magnification (3.5×). Vicryl 6-0 suture was used for urethroplasty, with loupes-assisted magnification.

Results
More complications were found in group B. Using VITOM was accompanied by less neck pain, enhanced visualization, and an enhanced teaching environment.

Conclusion
Operating with high magnification tools minimizes post-operative complications in hypospadias surgery. They enhanced identification of the penile anatomy and topography which facilitated reconstruction techniques as well as enhanced the comfort of the surgeon.

Level of evidence
I.
Soft computing techniques to predict the compressive strength of groundnut shell ash-blended concrete
Authors: Sathiparan Navaratnarajah , Jeyananthan Pratheeba 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing groundnut shell ash (GSA) as a component in concrete mixtures is a viable approach to achieving sustainability in building practices. This particular kind of concrete has the potential to effectively mitigate the issues associated with high levels of CO2 emissions and embodied energy, which are primarily attributed to the excessive utilization of cement in conventional construction materials. When GSA is utilized as a partial replacement for cement, the strength characteristics of concrete are influenced not only by the quantity of GSA replacement but also by several other factors, including cement content, water-to-cement ratio, coarse aggregate content, fine aggregate content, and curing length. This work demonstrates a predictive model for the compressive strength (CS) of GSA mixed concrete using ML methods. The models were constructed with 297 datasets obtained from published literature. These datasets included various input variables such as cement content, GSA content, fine aggregate content, coarse aggregate content, water need, and curing duration. The output variable included in the models was the CS of concrete. In this study, a set of seven machine learning algorithms was utilized as statistical assessment tools to identify the most precise and reliable model for predicting the CS of GSA mixed concrete. These techniques included linear regression, full quadratic model, artificial neural network, boosted decision tree regression, random forest regression, K nearest neighbors, and support vector regression. The present study evaluated several machine learning models, and it was shown that the random forest regression model had superior performance in forecasting the CS of GSA mixed concrete. The train data’s R2 is 0.91, with RMSE of 2.48 MPa. Similarly, for the test data, the R2 value is 0.89, with an RMSE of 2.42 MPa. The sensitivity analysis results of the random forest regression model indicate that the cement content primarily drives the material’s CS. Subsequently, the curing period and GSA content significantly impact the CS. This work systematically evaluates the CS of GSA mixed concrete, contributing to the existing body of knowledge and practical implementation in this domain.
Clinical features of chronic kidney disease in dogs with the serological presence of Leptospira spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Authors: Vázquez-Manzanilla Claire A. , Cárdenas-Marrufo María F. , Gutiérrez-Blanco Eduardo , Jiménez-Coello Matilde , Pech-Sosa Nelly R. , Ortega-Pacheco Antonio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs, and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved. In this case report, 33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp. was 39.4%. The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes, Canicola, Bratislava and Australis, with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:800. Clinical signs included fever, depression, decreased body condition, vomiting and hematuria. Significant laboratory findings were anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, urea and creatinine, hyperbilirubinemia and hyperphosphatemia. All leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites (i.e., E. canis and A. phagocytophilum); only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both hemoparasites. Findings also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be monitored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.
Ancestry-attenuated effects of socioeconomic deprivation on type 2 diabetes disparities in the All of Us cohort
Authors: Lam Vincent , Sharma Shivam , Gupta Sonali , Spouge John L. , Jordan I. King , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is a common disease with a major burden on morbidity, mortality, and productivity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for roughly 90% of all diabetes cases in the USA and has a greater observed prevalence among those who identify as Black or Hispanic.

Methods
This study aimed to assess T2D racial and ethnic disparities using the All of Us Research Program data and to measure associations between genetic ancestry (GA), socioeconomic deprivation, and T2D. We used the All of Us Researcher Workbench to analyze T2D prevalence and model its associations with GA, individual-level (iSDI), and zip code-based (zSDI) socioeconomic deprivation indices among participant self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups.

Results
The study cohort of 86,488 participants from the four largest SIRE groups in All of Us: Asian (n = 2311), Black (n = 16,282), Hispanic (n = 16,966), and White (n = 50,292). SIRE groups show characteristic genetic ancestry patterns, consistent with their diverse origins, together with a continuum of ancestry fractions within and between groups. The Black and Hispanic groups show the highest levels of socioeconomic deprivation, followed by the Asian and White groups. Black participants show the highest age- and sex-adjusted T2D prevalence (21.9%), followed by the Hispanic (19.9%), Asian (15.1%), and White (14.8%) groups. Minority SIRE groups and socioeconomic deprivation, both iSDI and zSDI, are positively associated with T2D, when the entire cohort is analyzed together. However, SIRE and GA both show negative interaction effects with iSDI and zSDI on T2D. Higher levels of iSDI and zSDI are negatively associated with T2D in the Black and Hispanic groups, and higher levels of iSDI and zSDI are negatively associated with T2D at high levels of African and Native American ancestry.

Conclusions
Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with a higher prevalence of T2D in Black and Hispanic minority groups, compared to the majority White group. Nonetheless, socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced T2D risk within the Black and Hispanic groups. These results are paradoxical and have not been reported elsewhere, with possible explanations related to the nature of the All of Us data along with SIRE group differences in access to healthcare, diet, and lifestyle.
Microfoundations of Problem Solving: Attentional Engagement Predicts Problem-Solving Strategies
Authors: Laureiro-Martinez Daniella , Arrieta Jose Pablo , Brusoni Stefano 
Published: November 2023

Organizations use a plethora of methods and tools to help their members solve problems effectively. Yet the specifics of how individuals solve problems remain largely unexplored. We propose and test a cognitive model of problem solving that integrates dual process theories into the attention-based view. The model suggests that diverse problem-solving strategies emerge in response to how individuals deliberate. Three studies provide observational and causal evidence in support of our model. The first study explores the strategies managers use to solve problems. We use think-aloud protocols combined with content, sequence, and cluster analyses to extract the key differences in how experienced managers solve problems. Two problem-solving strategies emerge from the data: one emphasizes mental activities related to framing, and the other emphasizes mental activities related to implementation. In the second study, we use a mixed factorial experimental design and mouse-tracking analysis to uncover the causal mechanism that explains the emergence of these two strategies. We then retest our hypotheses in a third, preregistered, study. We find that manipulating attention toward mental activities related to framing increases deliberation aimed at restructuring the problem elements. In contrast, directing attention toward mental activities related to implementation increases deliberation on the potential contingencies and consequences of the solution. Our findings provide empirical evidence about how problems are actually solved and support the idea that attentional processes are malleable enough to affect the choice of problem-solving strategies. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: For Study 1, funding from EC NEST-2006-PATH-Cul, CID-Cultural and Innovation Dynamics: FP6-043345 is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.13213 .
The Natural Emergence of Category Effects on Rugged Landscapes
Authors: Vashevko Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Category theory finds that markets partition producers into categories and producers who do not fit one specific category—or who span multiple categories—perform worse than their single-category peers. The dominant thread of this work argues that this miscategorization penalty arises when cognitive limits of categorization cause individual members of the market’s audience to exclude or denigrate ill-fitting producers. I present a null model of markets in which a miscategorization penalty appears without being caused by a market audience: drawing on cognitive science and research on rugged landscapes, the model shows that producer herding behavior generates a spurious correlation between market outcomes and miscategorizations. The model further predicts the dynamics of categorical emergence and change over time. I establish these results in a simulation and discuss strategies by which this landscape model can be empirically distinguished or integrated with the standard account of an audience-driven penalty. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.13770 .
Learning from excellence: a thematic analysis of staff-reported excellence in healthcare from two acute NHS trusts
Authors: Crossingham Gemma , Ord Helen , Hannon Frances , Viira David , Plunkett Adrian 
Published: November 2023

Background/AimsLearning from excellence is a philosophy and practice designed to capture positive events in healthcare in order to improve quality and safety, while also providing positive feedback to staff. The aim of this study was to identify themes in staff-reported excellence to understand the conditions and behaviours that can allow excellence to occur.MethodsA retrospective thematic analysis was performed with 400 excellence reports (200 per trust), which had been submitted via the learning from excellence reporting systems at two acute NHS trusts.ResultsFive overarching, interdependent themes were identified: 1) pro-social behaviours could have a positive impact on staff experience and patient care; 2) witnessed expertise in technical and non-technical skills were a source of appreciation and gratitude for staff; 3) a positive work ethic could benefit patient experience, staff productivity and morale; 4) staff appreciated personalised patient care that deviates from the norm but results in a positive outcome; and 5) effective leadership and teamwork were often characterised by resilience and excellent interpersonal skills.ConclusionsThe themes identified in this analysis describe skills and behaviours that were recognised as valuable to the healthcare workforce and could be used to prompt enquiry into the conditions that allow success to happen by highlighting what works well in healthcare.
MIMO detection using an ALR-CNN in SDM transmission systems
Authors: Zhang Danni , Ma Xinyuan , Lu Shun , Tan Zhongwei 
Published: November 2023

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors have been a key technology in communication systems. In this paper, a new MIMO detector is designed by combining the adaptive learning rate (ALR) with the convolutional neural network (CNN) and successfully implementing it in a mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical transmission system. The results show that the training and test accuracy of the signal in the system we proposed reaches 100%. What is more, we used the ALR-CNN to compare the performance with conventional detection algorithms. The results confirm that our DLNN exceeds the conventional MIMO detectors in performance and is able to achieve the ideal QPSK BER level. The minimum difference in the SNR is about 9.5 dB at a BER of the 10−3 order.
Field validation of different intervention modes for the potential transmission risk of schistosomiasis during post-transmission interruption phase
Authors: Feng Jiaxin , Guo Zhaoyu , Qian Peijun , Wang Wenya , Hu Hehua , Zhang Xia , Xue JingBo , Li Yinlong , Cao Chunli , Hao Yuwan , Li Shizhu 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Precision interventions have been proposed in transmission-interrupted areas to further reduce the potential transmission risk of schistosomiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different interventions modes for potential transmission risk control.

Methods
Three groups of schistosomiasis-endemic villages were selected in Jiangling county, Hubei province. After baseline surveys in 2020, three intervention models were employed in 2021 and 2022. In Model 1, Oncomelania hupensis snail control in key settings and an integrated strategy with an emphasis on the infectious sources managing was employed. In Model 2, an integrated health education-led strategy with an emphasis on infectious source management was employed. In Model 3, only the integrated strategy with an emphasis on infectious source management was employed. The effects of the different intervention models were examined with multiple indicators after 2 years of intervention using the entropy-weighted technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), rank-sum ratio (RSR) and fuzzy combination model of entropy-weighted TOPSIS and RSR.

Results
Entropy-weighted TOPSIS modeling showed that the Ci values of Model 2 were 0.4434, 0.2759, and 0.3069 in the three pilot villages, Ci values were larger, with top comprehensive ranking. The results of the RSR method showed that the RSR values of Model 2 were 0.75, 0.708, and 0.736 in the three pilot villages, with top comprehensive ranking. The results from the fuzzy combination model of entropy-weighted TOPSIS and RSR showed that implementation of Model 2 resulted in the highest comprehensive ranking among the three models in the three pilot villages under Ci: RSR = 0.1: 0.9, Ci: RSR = 0.5: 0.5 and Ci: RSR = 0.9: 0.1.

Conclusion
The integrated health education-led strategy with an emphasis on infectious source management was the optimal model to manage the risk of transmission of schistosomiasis during the post-transmission interruption phase.
Caracterização dos Atendimentos de Saúde Mental de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na Paraíba: Um Estudo Documental
Authors: Correia Firmino Luan Cesar , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de 
Published: November 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os atendimentos de saúde mental pela equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família na zona rural do município de Imaculada-PB. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental de abordagem quantitativa realizada em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) na zona rural do município de Imaculada-PB. A fonte de dados utilizada foi o Prontuário Eletrônico do Cidadão (PEC). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes, eram do escopo de transtornos ansiosos e depressivos e, houveram ainda outras condições como epilepsia, esquizofrenia e autismo infantil. A identificação dos transtornos mentais mais prevalentes é importante para conhecer a distribuição e as principais desordens que acometem os grupos populacionais, favorecendo a promoção e prevenção dos agravos.
Saos‐2 cells cultured under hypoxia rapidly differentiate to an osteocyte‐like stage and support intracellular infection by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zelmer Anja R. , Starczak Yolandi , Solomon Lucian B. , Richter Katharina , Yang Dongqing , Atkins Gerald J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intracellular infection of osteocytes represents a clinically important aspect of osteomyelitis. However, few human osteocyte in vitro models exist and the differentiation of immature osteoblasts to an osteocyte stage typically takes at least 4‐weeks of culture, making the study of this process challenging and time consuming. The osteosarcoma cell line Saos‐2 has proved to be a useful model of human osteoblast to mature osteocyte differentiation. Culture under osteogenic conditions in a standard normoxic (21% O2) atmosphere results in reproducible mineralization and acquisition of mature osteocyte markers over the expected 28–35 day culture period. In order to expedite experimental assays, we tested whether reducing available oxygen to mimic concentrations experienced by osteocytes in vivo would increase the rate of differentiation. Cells cultured under 1% O2 exhibited maximal mineral deposition by 14 days. Early (COLA1, MEPE) and mature (PHEX, DMP1, GJA1, SOST) osteocyte markers were upregulated earlier under hypoxia compared to normoxia. Cells differentiated under 1% O2 for 14 days displayed a similar ability to internalize Staphylococcus aureus as day 28 cells grown under normoxic conditions. Thus, low oxygen accelerates Saos‐2 osteocyte differentiation, resulting in a useful human osteocyte‐like cell model within 14 days.