bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arm circumference is positively correlated with total femur bone mineral density among adults aged 50 years old and above: The NHANES 2013-2020
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Xu Jing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:The arm circumference (AC) has been used as an important tool to access the bone mineral density (BMD) of the postmenopausal females. However, the relationship between the AC and total femur BMD remains unclear in American adults. This study aims to explore the relationship between AC and total femur BMD in American adults.Methods:This rigorous study focused on adults aged 50 years old or above, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2013 and 2020. The study examined the relationship between AC and total femur BMD in a population-based sample. In order to analyze this relationship, weighted multivariate linear regression and smoothed curve fitting methods were adopted. Additionally, this study used a two-part linear regression model to identify threshold effects. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted.Results:Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between AC and total femur BMD in 5536 US adults aged 50-80 years old [β= 0.013, 95% CI: (0.009, 0.016)]. Positive correlations were consistent for all subcategories (including gender, diabetes status, race and physical activity subgroups) except for age and BMI. Furthermore, a non-linear relationship and saturation effect between AC and total femur BMD were identified, with an inverted L shaped curve and an inflection point at 35.4cm.Conclusions:Our study shows that there is a significant positive correlation and saturation effect between AC and total femur BMD in American adults.
Longitudinal dynamic single-cell mass cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients within 6 months after viral RNA clearance
Authors: Zhou diwenxin , Zhao Shuai , He Keting , Liu Qiuhong , Zhang Fen , Pu Zhangya , Xiao Lanlan , Zhang Lingjian , Chen Shangci , Qian Xiaohan , Wu Xiaoxin , Shen Yangfan , Yu Ling , Zhang Huafen , Jin Jiandi , Xu Min , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhu Danhua , Xie Zhongyang , Xu Xiaowei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the longitudinal dynamic changes in immune cells in COVID-19 patients over an extended period after recovery, as well as the interplay between immune cells and antibodies. Leveraging single-cell mass spectrometry, we selected six COVID-19 patients and four healthy controls, dissecting the evolving landscape within six months post-viral RNA clearance, alongside the levels of anti-spike protein antibodies. The T cell immunophenotype ascertained via single-cell mass spectrometry underwent validation through flow cytometry in 37 samples. Our findings illuminate that CD8+ T cells, gamma-delta (gd) T cells, and NK cells witnessed an increase, in contrast to the reduction observed in monocytes, B cells, and double-negative T (DNT) cells over time. The proportion of monocytes remained significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to controls even after six-month. Subpopulation-wise, an upsurge manifested within various T effector memory subsets, CD45RA+ T effector memory, gdT, and NK cells, whereas declines marked the populations of DNT, naive and memory B cells, and classical as well as non-classical monocytes. Noteworthy associations surfaced between DNT, gdT, CD4+ T, NK cells, and the anti-S antibody titer. This study reveals the changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of COVID-19 patients within 6 months after viral RNA clearance and sheds light on the interactions between immune cells and antibodies. The findings from this research contribute to a better understanding of immune transformations during the recovery from COVID-19 and offer guidance for protective measures against reinfection in the context of viral variants.
Simulation-Based Assessments in Health Professional Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Siavashpour Zahra , Bosak Somaieh , Sohrabi Somaye , Khoshgoftar Zohreh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background The utilization of simulation in healthcare education has grown significantly in the last 20 years. Although typically used for training purposes, simulation is increasingly used for assessing technical skills needed in clinical practice. Despite its common use, there has been no investigation into the full potential of simulation in healthcare education. This study aims to explore the scope of simulation-based assessments in healthcare education. Methods Using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodology, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, WOS, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, and Embase databases and two well-known simulations in medical education, Clinical Simulation in Nursing and Simulation in Healthcare, from 2021 to 2023. We also checked the reference lists of review articles. We imported, deduplicated, and screened the search results in EndNote X20. We included 49 studies that met our criteria and analyzed them descriptively and narratively. Results We specified the target groups and applications for simulation-based assessment in healthcare professional education. We also identified challenges, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as the necessary conditions for conducting such assessments. Conclusions Simulation-based evaluation is beneficial for health education in evaluating competence and safety. Nevertheless, limitations such as high costs and low realism should be taken into account. Stakeholders and educators must study these concerns, establish standards for evaluation and sampling, and conduct planning and evaluation before using these methods.
Aircraft Thrust Vector Control Using Variable Vanes; Numerical Simulation and Optimization
Authors: Salimi Mohammad reza , Askari Rasoul , Hassani Majid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Among the various thrust vector control methods, this study investigates the utilization of mechanical deviation of the nozzle by incorporating a flow deflector path in the flow emanating from the nozzle outlet which is applied in the aviation industry. The researchers conducted simulations to assess the deviation of the thrust vector using exit vanes within the nozzle. Two parameters, namely the thrust force ratio and the axial force ratio, were calculated to regulate the thrust vector. The results demonstrated that employing vanes successfully deviated the thrust vector, resulting in a reduction in force coefficients. Notably, vanes with lower angles proved more suitable for thrust vector deviation. To forecast the performance of the vanes based on their angle and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), optimization and prediction were conducted. The prediction outcomes exhibited favorable agreement with the simulation results, confirming the accuracy of the prediction method. This research provides valuable insights into the thrust vector control mechanism employing mechanical deviation of the nozzle and underscores the significance of predicting vane performance for optimal thrust vector selection.
Energy and Structural Optimization of Mid-rise Light-frame Timber Buildings: Analyzing Different Climates and Seismic Zones
Authors: Wenzel Alexander , Vera Sergio , Guindos Pablo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The location determines not only the structural loads but also the climate one timber structure must withstand. Given the broad variety of climatic and seismic conditions of Chile, this country may be regarded as a natural laboratory for analyzing how energetic and structural requirements of design are interrelated. In fact, the optimal design of timber buildings considering both energetic-thermic and structural-seismic requirements can be a very difficult task. The main objective of this research was to analyze and quantify the effect of climates, seismic loads, lateral anchorages, and story number on the optimal designs of light-frame timber buildings. This has been analyzed by conducting a parametric analysis of a coupled numerical model considering five Chilean cities' that considerably differ in terms of climates, seismic risk, numbers of stories and lateral anchorage systems. A case study building that adequately represent the typical national archetype was chosen for the analysis. The results indicate that the optimal wall insulation thickness, stud spacing, and thermal mass exhibited significant variations depending on the buildings' number of stories, lateral anchorage system, climate, and seismic zone. Therefore, the results of this investigation reinforce the importance, or rather, necessity of performing holistic designs of timber buildings, since the optimal buildings’ designs obtained in this investigation shown considerable variations and evidence the interconnection of requirements. In the future, more sophisticated models should be constructed to further considering in design additional requirements other than structural and energetic, which should facilitate and optimize the design and competitivity of wood in construction.
Evaluating Elements of Risk Communication in Risk Messaging from Officials on Twitter in the 2021 Marshall Fire
Authors: Vaughn Cole 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The Marshall fire in Boulder County, Colorado sparked and spread into nearby urban areas in an unusually fast timeframe. Without a widely used warning system to alert the public, officials used social media as one warning information outlet to encourage rapid, large-scale evacuations. Tweets (N = 1,338) published by 109 media and government Twitter accounts on the day of the fire were examined for risk messaging components and coded according to which components were included. The risk messaging components used were derived from the Protective Action Decision Model and the Extended Parallel Process Model. Tweets from the National Weather Service in Boulder were evaluated using recommendations from NOAA’s Hazard Risk Communication guide. Some types of environmental cues improved several engagement metrics for tweets from media, and emergency managers and first responders. Social cues only effected engagement for local media accounts, though there were mixed results depending on the variables included in the regression model. Inclusion of actionable information boosted engagement for government officials, though this result also depended on which variables were included in the model. Inclusion of threat information improved some or all engagement metrics for journalists, local newspapers and non-traditional news websites, government, and emergency management accounts. The National Weather Service fulfilled the eleven recommendations from NOAA’s HRC guide that were used in this research, and the use of lively language, vivid images, empathy, and the “all-clear” were noted among the well-performing tweets. This study provides helpful information to those posting on social media in an official capacity during a wildfire by examining how risk communication theory and recommendations performed in a real-world scenario.
Feasibility of rural trauma team development amongst medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in a low-income country: A prospective multi-centre study of interrupted time series of interventional training
Authors: Lule Herman , Mugerwa Michael , Ssebuufu Robinson , Kyamanywa Patrick , Jussi Posti. P , Wilson Michael Lowery 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Research shows that trauma team formation could potentially improve effectiveness of injury care in rural settings. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of the use of rural medical trainees and road traffic law enforcement professionals in the formation of rural trauma teams in Uganda.
Methods
Multi-center interrupted time series of interventional rural health professions education, using the American College of Surgeons’ 4th edition of rural trauma team development course model. Trauma related multiple choice questions (MCQs) were administered pre-and post-training between September 2019- August 2023. Acceptability of the training for promulgation to other rural regions and its relevance to participants’ work needs were evaluated on 5- and 3-point Likert scales respectively. The median MCQ scores (IQR) were compared before and after training at 95% CI, regarding p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Triangulation with open-ended questions was obtained. Time series regression models were applied to test for autocorrelation in performance using Stata 15.0. Ethical approval was obtained from Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (Ref: SS 5082).
Results
A total of 500 participants including: 66 (13.2%) traffic police officers, 30 (6.0%) intern doctors, 140 (28.0%) fifth year and 264 (52.8%) third-year medical students were trained. The overall median pre- and post-test scores were 60%, IQR (50–65) and 80%, IQR (70–85) respectively. Overall, the mean difference between pre- and post-test scores was statistically significant (z = 16.7%, P|z|=<0.0001). Most participants strongly agreed to promulgation 389 (77.8%), relevance to their educational 405 (81.0%), and work needs 399 (79.8%). All the course elements scored above 76.0% as being very relevant.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that rural trauma team development training had a positive effect on the test scores of course participants. The training is feasible, highly acceptable and regarded as relevant amongst medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals who provide first-aid to trauma patients in resource-limited settings. The findings could inform the design of future trauma teams in rural communities.
Trial registration:
Retrospective registration (UIN: researchregistry9450)
Fretting-corrosion Apparatus with Low Magnitude Micro-motion (≤5 µm): Development and Preliminary Outcome
Authors: Sun Yani , Cheng Kai-yuan , Kanniyappan Hemalatha , Ramachandran Remya Ampadi , Neto Mozart Queiroz , McNallan Michael , Pourzal Robin , Lundberg Hannah , Mathew Mathew T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fretting-corrosion is one of the failure processes in many applications, including biomedical implants. For example, the modern design of hip implants with multiple components offers better flexibility and inventory storage. However, it will trigger the fretting at the implant interfaces with a small displacement amplitude (< 5 µm) and usually in a partial slip region. Although many studies have been reported on the fretting, they have high displacement amplitude and are in the gross slip region. It is imperative to have an apparatus to overcome such limitations, specifically for hip implant applications. Therefore, this study describes the development of a fretting-corrosion apparatus with low micro-motion (≤ 5 µm) that can simultaneously monitor the corrosion process. Initial experiments with Ti6Al4V-Ti6Al4V in 0.9% saline, Ti6Al4V-Ti6Al4V in bovine calf serum (BCS), and ZrO2-Ti6Al4V in BCS were conducted to validate the system. As a result, the fretting regime of all groups remained partially slip region throughout the 3600 cycles, and the possible failure mechanisms are proposed in this manuscript.
Integrative contributions of efferent and afferent signals of arousal on the expression of racial stereotypes
Authors: Nagai Yoko , Moukayed Ahmad , Schorscher Philipp , Karwat Julia , Mulcahy James , Patchitt Joel , Azevedo Ruben , Tsakiris Manos , Garfinkel Sarah , Critchley Hugo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Racial-bias and stereotyping may be unconscious, yet discrimination and biased decisions can have devastating, even fatal, consequences. Such bias is influenced by interoceptive information concerning bodily physiology: Fear processing and racially-biased judgements of threat are augmented by phasic cardiac signals reflecting changes in cardiovascular arousal. Here, we used autonomic (sympathetically-mediated electrodermal) biofeedback to modulate the tonic state of psychophysiological arousal. Thirty-eight participants were randomly allocated to express either highly alert/aroused or relaxed states evoked using biofeedback. We demonstrated a distinct difference between physiologically relaxed and aroused states in behavioural measures in racial distinction. While there was hardly no difference in relaxed state, the racial prime effect was most prominent in the sympathetically heightened state. Moreover, effects on racial bias elicited by tonic arousal were dissociable from those associated with phasic interoceptive (cardiac afferent) signals, suggesting differential, yet complementary, contributions of top-down allostatic control and bottom-up viscero-sensory afferent input to the neural integration of perceptual and interoceptive representations during social decision-making and the expression of behavioural biases.
Possible role of lncRNAs in amelioration symptoms in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease following transplantation of dopaminergic cells derived from stem cells
Authors: Esmaeili fariba , Amini Ali , Golpich Mojtaba 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important biomarkers for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) discovery and treatment approaches. Since dopaminergic cell transplantation is a promising clinical method to treat PD, this study investigated the effect of dopaminergic cell therapy on the expression of some lncRNAs and genes related to PD in the brains of rat models.
Methods
Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. The animals injected with the saline solution were considered as control (Sal group). In the Par group, the PD rat model was developed by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the right striatum (ST). The ST of the animals was then transplanted by undifferentiated P19 stem cells (Par-E group), and/or P19-derived dopaminergic cells (Par-N group). The effects of cell transplantation were evaluated using behavioral tests (cylinder, open field, and rotarod tests), and histological methods (H&E, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry). Moreover, the expression of lncRNAs MALAT1, MEG3, and SNHG1 genes, as well as specific neuronal (synaptophysin, SYP) and dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) markers was measured by qRT-PCR.
Results
Behavioral tests and histopathological evaluations showed that cell transplantation could partially compensate for dopaminergic cell degeneration in ST and substantia nigra (SN) of PD rats. The expression of MALAT1, SNHG1, and MEG3 was decreased in the ST of the Par group, while MEG3 and SNHG1gene expression was increased in PBMC compared to the Sal group. In PBMC of the Par-N group, all three lncRNAs showed a reduction in their expression. However, in ST tissue the expression of MALAT1 and SNHG1 was increased, while MEG3 gene expression was decreased compared to the Sal group.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that variations in the expression of lncRNAs genes may be considered as a marker for the possible incidence of PD.
Co-designing adult weight management services: A qualitative study exploring barriers, facilitators, and considerations for future commissioning
Authors: Langford Rebecca , Brockman Rowan , Banks Jonathan , Jago Russell , Gillison Fiona , Coulman Karen , Moore Theresa , Nobles James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Weight management services have not always benefitted everyone equally. People who live in more deprived areas, racially minoritised communities, those with complex additional needs (e.g. a physical or mental disability), and men are less likely to take part in weight management services. This can subsequently widen health inequalities. One way to counter this is to co-design services with under-served groups to better meet their needs. Using a case study approach, we explored how co-designed adult weight management services were developed, the barriers and facilitators to co-design, and the implications for future commissioning.
Methods: We selected four case studies of adult weight management services in Southwest England in which co-design had been planned, representing a range of populations and settings. In each case, we recruited commissioners and providers of the services, and where possible, community members involved in the co-design activities. Interviews were conducted online, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: We interviewed 18 participants (8 female; 10 male): seven commissioners, eight providers, and three community members involved in co-designing the services. The case studies used a range of co-design activities (planned and actualised), from light-touch to more in-depth approaches. In two case studies, co-design activities were planned but were not fully implemented due to organisational time or funding constraints.
Co-design was viewed positively by participants as a way of creating more appropriate services and better engagement, thus potentially leading to reduced inequalities. Building relationships – with communities and with partner organisations – was critical for successful co-design and took time and effort. Short-term and unpredictable funding often hindered co-design efforts and could result in damaged relationships with communities. Some commissioners raised concerns over the limited evidence base for co-design, while others described having to embrace “a different way of thinking” when commissioning for co-design.
Conclusions: Co-design is an increasingly popular approach to designing health in services but can be difficult to achieve within traditional funding and commissioning practices. Drawing on our case studies, we present key considerations for those wanting to co-design health services, noting the importance of building strong relationships, creating supportive organisational cultures, and developing the evidence base.
Exploring the Causal Relationship between Walkability and Affective Walking Experience: Evidence from 7 Major Tertiary Education Campuses in China
Authors: Liao Bojing , Zhu Jie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the causal relationship between campus walkability and the emotional walking experiences of students, with a focus on their mental well-being. Using data from 697 participants across seven Chinese tertiary education campuses, the study employs a counterfactual analysis to estimate the impact of campus walkability on students' walking experiences. The analysis reveals that students living in campuses with improved walkability are 9.75% more likely to have positive walking experiences compared to those without walkability renovations. While walking attitude is strongly correlated with walking experiences, the study emphasizes the significance of objective factors such as campus surroundings and the availability of walking spaces in influencing the walking experience. Geographical features, including campus walkability improvements, have the most substantial impact, and this effect varies across different subsets of respondents. These findings underscore the importance of considering specific subsets and geographical features when assessing the impact of walkability improvements on the walking experience. In conclusion, the study provides compelling evidence of a causal link between improved campus walkability and enhanced emotional walking experiences among students, suggesting the need for further research on mediating factors and cultural variations affecting student mental health on various Chinese campuses.