bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards inclusiveness in dementia services for black and minoritised communities in the UK
Authors: Ahmed Anya , Chesterton Lorna , Ford Matthew J. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to explore the existing evidence around dementia services and interrogate the overarching UK policy development relating to service inclusion of black and minoritised groups. The paper will go on to identify the implications for the dementia wellness pathway and make recommendations regarding how services can be more inclusive.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the policy/practice landscape around dementia care provision and observes if lessons can be learnt to improve health outcomes for people living with dementia from black and minoritised communities.

Findings
A review of dementia policy demonstrates how opportunities to improve the awareness, diagnosis and post-diagnostic support for minoritised communities are being missed. The outcomes of this mean that individuals are denied vital treatment and support, which could enhance quality of life and delay the progression of dementia.

Practical implications
The authors’ premise is that not meeting the dementia support needs of less-heard communities has negative financial as well as social and health-related outcomes and has wider resonance and implications for all stages of the dementia wellness pathway. Moreover, there is a legal responsibility for public services to provide culturally sensitive, responsive, appropriate and available care, to all people, without discrimination.

Originality/value
This paper offers a valuable review of policy and practice around dementia care in the UK and makes recommendations to improve health outcomes for people living with dementia from black and minoritised communities.
Role of education and natural resources in achieving green economic growth in China: A wavelet quantile correlation approach
Authors: Shuchun Bu , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: January 2024

AbstractClimate change has emerged as a major threat for developed as well as emerging nations. In order to effectively address this matter, it is imperative to undertake a transition towards a sustainable and environment‐friendly economic model. From an economic standpoint, it is worth noting that green economic growth serves as a mechanism to enhance income levels while preserving the integrity of the environment. Therefore, there is a significant interest among researchers and policymakers to identify the determinants of green growth (GG), with the aim of formulating effective policies to promote sustainable development. In light of this, we probe the impact of education and natural resources on GG in China. The novel augmented autoregressive distributed lag approach reports the long‐run co‐movement between education, natural resources, and GG. Moreover, the results derived from the novel wavelet quantile correlation method indicate that education positively affects GG in both the short‐ and long‐term, across different quantiles. However, in the medium‐term, the impact of education on GG is negative. In both the short‐ and long‐term, natural resources hinder GG, thus providing support for the natural resource curse theory. We present policy recommendations aimed at fostering GG in the Chinese economy. For example, there should be a substantial increase in investment in education to boost GG. Next, access to education is inevitable to attain higher GG; therefore, quality education should be provided at a lower cost.
Hiding in plain sight: The discovery of complete genomes of 11 hypothetical spindle‐shaped viruses that putatively infect mesophilic ammonia‐oxidizing archaea
Authors: Ni Yimin , Xu Tianqi , Yan Shuling , Chen Lanming , Wang Yongjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe genome of a putative Nitrosopumilaceae virus with a hypothetical spindle‐shaped particle morphology was identified in the Yangshan Harbour metavirome from the East China Sea through protein similarity comparison and structure analysis. This discovery was accompanied by a set of 10 geographically dispersed close relatives found in the environmental virus datasets from typical locations of ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon distribution. Its host prediction was supported by iPHoP prediction and protein sequence similarity. The structure of the predicted major capsid protein, together with the overall N‐glycosylation site, the transmembrane helices prediction, the hydrophilicity profile, and the docking simulation of the major capsid proteins, indicate that these viruses resemble spindle‐shaped viruses. It suggests a similarly assembled structure and, consequently, a possibly spindle‐shaped morphology of these newly discovered archaeal viruses.
DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility predict age in the domestic dog
Authors: Jin Kelly , McCoy Brianah M. , Goldman Elisabeth A. , Usova Viktoria , Tkachev Victor , Chitsazan Alex D. , Kakebeen Anneke , Jeffery Unity , Creevy Kate E. , Wills Andrea , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Promislow Daniel E. L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcross mammals, the epigenome is highly predictive of chronological age. These “epigenetic clocks,” most of which have been built using DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles, have gained traction as biomarkers of aging and organismal health. While the ability of DNAm to predict chronological age has been repeatedly demonstrated, the ability of other epigenetic features to predict age remains unclear. Here, we use two types of epigenetic information—DNAm, and chromatin accessibility as measured by ATAC‐seq—to develop age predictors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells sampled from a population of domesticated dogs. We measured DNAm and ATAC‐seq profiles for 71 dogs, building separate predictive clocks from each, as well as the combined dataset. We also use fluorescence‐assisted cell sorting to quantify major lymphoid populations for each sample. We found that chromatin accessibility can accurately predict chronological age (R2ATAC = 26%), though less accurately than the DNAm clock (R2DNAm = 33%), and the clock built from the combined datasets was comparable to both (R2combined = 29%). We also observed various populations of CD62L+ T cells significantly correlated with dog age. Finally, we found that all three clocks selected features that were in or near at least two protein‐coding genes: BAIAP2 and SCARF2, both previously implicated in processes related to cognitive or neurological impairment. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of chromatin accessibility as a complementary epigenetic resource for modeling and investigating biologic age.
Unravelling unique responses of mammal abundance to road proximity in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Alberici V. , Desbiez A. L. J. , Pasqualotto N. , Chiarello A. G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRoads can impact population abundance due to mortality from collisions with vehicles, habitat degradation and loss of connectivity. Some species, however, can be unaffected or even positively affected by roads and roadside environments. Despite this, there is scarce information on population‐level responses to roads. To fill this knowledge gap, we sampled medium and large mammals with camera traps near two paved roads with low and high traffic volumes in agricultural landscapes in the Brazilian Cerrado. We used Royle‐Nichols' occupancy models to investigate the effects of road proximity on the local abundance of 12 mammal species with varying susceptibility to roadkill. We found that road proximity affected only three species, all of which had high roadkill rates. While two of these species exhibited lower abundance near roads, the third showed the opposite response. For most species, irrespective of their roadkill rates, variations in local abundance were strongly correlated with habitat quality and connectivity. Species' life‐history traits, individual behaviour and the impact of roads and traffic on populations over time may explain these idiosyncratic responses.
Moderate variations in the human diet impact the gut microbiota in humanized mice
Authors: Schoeler Marc , Chakaroun Rima , Brolin Harald , Larsson Ingrid , Perkins Rosie , Marschall Hanns‐Ulrich , Caesar Robert , Bäckhed Fredrik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimDrastic diet interventions have been shown to promote rapid and significant compositional changes of the gut microbiota, but the impact of moderate diet variations is less clear. Here, we aimed to clarify the impact of moderate diet variations that remain within the spectrum of the habitual human diet on gut microbiota composition.MethodsWe performed a pilot diet intervention where five healthy volunteers consumed a vegetarian ready‐made meal for three days to standardize dietary intake before switching to a meat‐based ready‐made western‐style meal and high sugar drink for two days. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing from daily fecal sampling to assess gut microbiota changes caused by the intervention diet. Furthermore, we used the volunteers' fecal samples to colonize germ‐free mice that were fed the same sterilized diets to study the effect of a moderate diet intervention on the gut microbiota in a setting of reduced interindividual variation.ResultsIn the human intervention, we found that fecal microbiota composition varied between and within individuals regardless of diet. However, when we fed the same diets to mice colonized with the study participants' feces, we observed significant, often donor‐specific, changes in the mouse microbiota following this moderate diet intervention.ConclusionModerate variations in the habitual human diet have the potential to alter the gut microbiota. Feeding humanized mice human diets may facilitate our understanding of individual human gut microbiota responses to moderate dietary changes and help improve individualized interventions.
In vivo anticancer study of sodium 2‐[(4‐oxidobenzylidene)amino]‐6H‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine‐5‐olate against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma via targeting PI3K/mTOR pathway
Authors: Rizzk Youstina William , El‐Deen Ibrahim Mohey , Behery Mohammed El , Mourad Ahmed A. E. , Mohammed Faten Zahran 
Published: January 2024

Abstract1,3,4‐Thiadiazine‐based components have gained the attention as they afford significant intervention for cancer therapy. We aimed at assessing the in vivo antitumor activity of sodium 2‐[(4‐oxidobenzylidene) amino]‐6H‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine‐5‐c (SOTA) versus Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in female mice's peritoneal cavity. An advantageous interaction of the test compound with the receptors p53 (2J1X), Caspase‐3 (3KJF), mTOR (3QAR), and PI3K (4JPS) was revealed by the docking study. The in vivo study of the test compound against EAC, equated with the EAC control mice, EAC bearing mice that received the test compound by i.p. injection proven a substantial decrease in the viability of tumor cell by 70%. Treatment with the tested compound increased total antioxidants capacity and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. Also, the apoptotic activity of the test compound was confirmed by up regulation of caspase‐3 and p53 and downregulation of PI3K and mTOR. Through the liver, kidney, and heart function assessments, the examined component has no adverse effects on either of the two organs, which were supported by a histological study. Significant positive and negative associations among variables were discovered, according to our research. Through the induction of apoptosis and antioxidant effects, the test compound show potential anticancer activity against EAC cells. The treatment with SOTA eliminated most of the pathological abnormalities brought on by EAC cells in mice, according to the results of tests on the liver, kidney, and heart as well as the histological investigation. Taking together, the tested compound SOTA is promising chemotherapeutic agent as supported by targeting PI3k/mTOR pathway.
Development of disease‐specific growth charts for Korean children with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Choi Naye , Kim Hwa Young , Ko Jung Min 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an epigenetic overgrowth syndrome. Despite its distinctive growth pattern, the detailed growth trajectories of children with BWS remain largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 413 anthropometric measurements over an average of 4.4 years of follow‐up in 51 children with BWS. We constructed sex‐specific percentile curves for height, weight, and head circumference using a generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape. Males with BWS exhibited greater height at all ages evaluated, weight before the age of 10, and head circumference before the age of 9 than those of the general population. Females with BWS showed greater height before the age of 7, weight before the age of 4.5, and head circumference before the age of 7 than those of the general population. At the latest follow‐up visit at a mean 8.4 years of age, bone age was significantly higher than chronological age. Compared to paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD), males with imprinting center region 2‐loss of methylation (IC2‐LOM) had higher standard deviation score (SDS) for height and weight, while females with IC2‐LOM showed larger SDS for head circumference. These disease‐specific growth charts can serve as valuable tools for clinical monitoring of children with BWS.
Did the association between alcohol outlet density and crime change during COVID shelter‐in‐place orders?
Authors: O'Hara Sharon E. , Paschall Mallie J. , Grube Joel W. , Ponicki William R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated whether greater concentrations of on‐ and off‐sale alcohol outlets were associated with crime and whether this association was moderated by COVID‐19 shelter‐in‐place orders (SIP) that restricted on‐premises consumption of alcohol.MethodsCrimes (2019–2020) and addresses of licenced alcohol outlets in a medium‐sized California city were geocoded within census block groups (N = 61). On‐ and off‐sale alcohol outlet density was calculated as licenced outlets/2.59 km2 (1 square mile). Multilevel negative binomial regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between alcohol outlet density and crime, and possible moderating effects of SIP, controlling for block group demographic characteristics and density of other retail businesses.ResultsOn‐sale outlet density was positively associated with total crimes and Part 2 crimes, while off‐sale outlet density was inversely associated with total crime and Part 2 crimes. Overall, SIP was not significantly associated with crime, but moderated the associations of on‐sale density with total crime and Part 1 crimes such that reductions in crime during SIP were observed in higher density areas. The association of off‐sale outlets with crime was not moderated by SIP policies.Discussion and ConclusionOn‐sale outlet density, but not off‐sale density, appears to be associated with increased crime. The results further indicate that restrictions in hours and service imposed by SIP policies reduced crime in high on‐sale outlet density areas. These findings reinforce the importance of regulating alcohol outlet density and hours of service, especially for on‐sale outlets, as a crime reduction strategy.
Measuring Variability in Proctor Decision Making on High‐Stakes Assessments: Improving Test Security in the Digital Age
Authors: Belzak William , Lockwood J. R. , Attali Yigal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRemote proctoring, or monitoring test takers through internet‐based, video‐recording software, has become critical for maintaining test security on high‐stakes assessments. The main role of remote proctors is to make judgments about test takers' behaviors and decide whether these behaviors constitute rule violations. Variability in proctor decision making, or the degree to which humans/proctors make different decisions about the same test‐taking behaviors, can be problematic for both test takers and test users (e.g., universities). In this paper, we measure variability in proctor decision making over time on a high‐stakes English language proficiency test. Our results show that (1) proctors systematically differ in their decision making and (2) these differences are trait‐like (i.e., ranging from lenient to strict), but (3) systematic variability in decisions can be reduced. Based on these findings, we recommend that test security providers conduct regular measurements of proctors’ judgments and take actions to reduce variability in proctor decision making.
Loop 6 and the β‐hairpin flap are structural hotspots that determine cofactor specificity in the FMN‐dependent family of ene‐reductases
Authors: Kerschbaumer Bianca , Totaro Massimo G. , Friess Michael , Breinbauer Rolf , Bijelic Aleksandar , Macheroux Peter 
Published: January 2024

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)‐dependent ene‐reductases constitute a large family of oxidoreductases that catalyze the enantiospecific reduction of carbon–carbon double bonds. The reducing equivalents required for substrate reduction are obtained from reduced nicotinamide by hydride transfer. Most ene‐reductases significantly prefer, or exclusively accept, either NADPH or NADH. Despite their usefulness in biocatalytic applications, the structural determinants for cofactor preference remain elusive. We employed the NADPH‐preferring 12‐oxophytodienoic acid reductase 3 from Solanum lycopersicum (SlOPR3) as a model enzyme of the ene‐reductase family and applied computational and structural methods to investigate the binding specificity of the reducing coenzymes. Initial docking results indicated that the arginine triad R283, R343, and R366 residing on and close to a critical loop at the active site (loop 6) are the main contributors to NADPH binding. In contrast, NADH binds unfavorably in the opposite direction toward the β‐hairpin flap within a largely hydrophobic region. Notably, the crystal structures of SlOPR3 in complex with either NADPH4 or NADH4 corroborated these different binding modes. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed NADH binding near the β‐hairpin flap and provided structural explanations for the low binding affinity of NADH to SlOPR3. We postulate that cofactor specificity is determined by the arginine triad/loop 6 and the residue(s) controlling access to a hydrophobic cleft formed by the β‐hairpin flap. Thus, NADPH preference depends on a properly positioned arginine triad, whereas granting access to the hydrophobic cleft at the β‐hairpin flap favors NADH binding.
What makes video‐based academic lectures difficult for language learners to comprehend? The role of multimodal complexity
Authors: Alghamdi Emad A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBy taking a multidisciplinary, evidence‐based approach to modeling video difficulty, this study investigates the impact of multimodal complexity on language learners' self‐ratings of video difficulty, while simultaneously accounting for the effects of learner differences and video production styles. A set of 320 instructional videos from the corpus of second language video complexity were analyzed using sophisticated natural language processing and computer vision algorithms to extract and compute a wide range of multimodal complexity indices. The results of a linear mixed‐effects model demonstrated that pitch variation and academic spoken formulaic sequences helped to facilitate viewing comprehension, whereas infrequent words, image clutter, the number of visual objects, salient objects, visual texts, shots, and moving objects all impeded viewing comprehension. This study concludes by presenting a number of practical implications that can prove useful for English as a Foreign Language teachers and practitioners alongside a comprehensive agenda for future research in this area.
Urban living can rescue Darwin's finches from the lethal effects of invasive vampire flies
Authors: Knutie Sarah A. , Webster Cynthia N. , Vaziri Grace J. , Albert Lauren , Harvey Johanna A. , LaRue Michelle , Verrett Taylor B. , Soldo Alexandria , Koop Jennifer A. H. , Chaves Jaime A. , Wegrzyn Jill L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman activity changes multiple factors in the environment, which can have positive or negative synergistic effects on organisms. However, few studies have explored the causal effects of multiple anthropogenic factors, such as urbanization and invasive species, on animals and the mechanisms that mediate these interactions. This study examines the influence of urbanization on the detrimental effect of invasive avian vampire flies (Philornis downsi) on endemic Darwin's finches in the Galápagos Islands. We experimentally manipulated nest fly abundance in urban and non‐urban locations and then characterized nestling health, fledging success, diet, and gene expression patterns related to host defense. Fledging success of non‐parasitized nestlings from urban (79%) and non‐urban (75%) nests did not differ significantly. However, parasitized, non‐urban nestlings lost more blood, and fewer nestlings survived (8%) compared to urban nestlings (50%). Stable isotopic values (δ15N) from urban nestling feces were higher than those from non‐urban nestlings, suggesting that urban nestlings are consuming more protein. δ15N values correlated negatively with parasite abundance, which suggests that diet might influence host defenses (e.g., tolerance and resistance). Parasitized, urban nestlings differentially expressed genes within pathways associated with red blood cell production (tolerance) and pro‐inflammatory response (innate immunological resistance), compared to parasitized, non‐urban nestlings. In contrast, parasitized non‐urban nestlings differentially expressed genes within pathways associated with immunoglobulin production (adaptive immunological resistance). Our results suggest that urban nestlings are investing more in pro‐inflammatory responses to resist parasites but also recovering more blood cells to tolerate blood loss. Although non‐urban nestlings are mounting an adaptive immune response, it is likely a last effort by the immune system rather than an effective defense against avian vampire flies since few nestlings survived.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among schoolchildren in southern Taiwan—A 20‐year longitudinal follow‐up
Authors: Lo Hsiao‐Yu , Yang Yao‐Jong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection is primarily acquired in childhood and can lead to peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer. The prevalence of H. pylori infection varies widely in different countries. The aim of this study was to explore the change of pediatric H. pylori seroprevalence in the past two decades and to investigate the risk factors for pediatric H. pylori seropositivity in southern Taiwan.Materials and MethodsThis study enrolled children aged 7–12 years in Tainan City in 2018 and compared the result with our previous data in 1998, 2005, and 2010. Parents of the participants were invited to fill out questionnaires, including information of personal history, family history of peptic ulcer diseases, annual household income, and source of drinking water. Blood samples were analyzed for anti‐H. pylori IgG by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA total of 391, 629, 618, and 488 elementary school students in Tainan City were enrolled in 1998, 2005, 2010, and 2018, respectively. There was a significant decline in H. pylori seroprevalence from 9.2% in 1998, 7.8% in 2005, 6.2% in 2010 to 4.7% in 2018 (p < 0.001). Neither gender difference nor age difference was found in H. pylori seropositivity in each year of enrollment. Low household income was significantly associated with pediatric H. pylori seropositivity.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among elementary schoolchildren has remarkably declined in southern Taiwan in the past two decades. Low household income was a risk factor for pediatric H. pylori seropositivity.