bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor modulates transcription of myelin basic protein gene through nuclear factor kappa B in a human oligodendroglioma cell line
Authors: Huang Chang J. , Nazarian Ramin , Lee Justin , Zhao Paul M. , Espinosa‐Jeffrey Araceli , de Vellis Jean 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a major mediator of inflammation and it is involved in many neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Levels of TNF‐α and lymphotoxin‐α have been found elevated in plaques, bloods, and cerebral spinal fluids from multiple sclerosis patients. The expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), a major protein of the myelin sheath, is affected by cytokines secreted by activated immune cells. To determine the signal transduction pathway involving tumor necrosis factor's action in myelination and demyelination, we have cloned and analyzed cis‐elements on promoters of the human and mouse MBP genes. There are two putative nuclear factors kappa‐B (NF‐κB) cis‐elements on the human and one on the mouse gene promoter. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, all three NF‐κB cis‐elements showed binding to a protein, which was recognized by an antibody against NF‐κB P65 component. The specificity of the binding was demonstrated in a competitive assay using NF‐κB consensus oligonucleotides. A two base pair site‐directed mutation on the mouse NF‐κB cis‐element abolished its binding activity. We created a DNA construct by linking the mouse MBP gene promoter containing the NF‐κB cis‐element to luciferase gene. Transfection of this construct into a human oligodendroglioma cell line showed TNF‐α increased the transgene expression. Furthermore the mutation of NF‐κB site abolished TNF‐α ‐induction of the transgene. The data demonstrate that NF‐κB is the mediator between tumor necrosis factor's action and MBP gene expression. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying TNF‐α regulation of MBP gene expression provides new scientific bases for the development of therapy against oligodendrocyte‐specific and myelin‐related disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
Solid-State Stabilization of Discrete Triple-Stranded Silver (I) Helicates
Authors: Dong Guo , Ke-Liang Pang , Chun-Ying Duan , Yong-Gang Zhao , Qing-Jin Meng 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Novel triple-stranded binuclear helical complexes of silver(I) with various coordination modes are generated from the simple imine-based rigid ligand L (pyridylmethylketazine) via self-assembly in the presence of concentrate silver salts upon crystallization.
Electrochemical Oxidation of NADH Catalyzed by Diaphorase Conjugated with Poly-1-vinylimidazole Complexed with Os(2,2′-dipyridylamine)2Cl
Authors: Tsujimura Seiya , Kano Kenji , Ikeda Tokuji 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
A new redox polymer containing Os (E °′=−0.15 V vs Ag|AgCl) was designed and synthesized as an efficient mediator of diaphorase-catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of NADH and as a support to immobilize enzyme(s) on electrode surfaces. The electrochemical characteristics of the polymer and its application to biosensors and bioanodes of biofuel cells are briefed.
Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nano-Particles Chemisorbed by π-Radical Thiols
Authors: Harada Genta , Sakurai Hiromi , Matsushita Michio M , Izuoka Akira , Sugawara Tadashi 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
π-Radical thiol-derivatized gold nano-particles with the average diameter of 4.1 nm were isolated, and about one hundred π-radical ligands were found to be chemisorbed on the nano-particle. The solid sample of the nano-particles showed an extremely broadened ESR signal with the peak-to-peak derivative line width (ΔHpp) of 30 mT at 300 K.
Cleavage of a p-Cyanobenzyl Group from Protected Alcohols, Amines, and Thiols Using Triethylgermyl Sodium
Authors: Yokoyama Yasuo , Takizawa Shuichi , Nanjo Masato , Mochida Kunio 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Alcohols, amines, and thiols protected with a p-cyanobenzyl group can be easily and quantitatively deprotected using triethylgermyl sodium under mild conditions.
Microwave-Driven Polyol Method for Preparation of TiO2 Nanocrystallites
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsushi , Wada Yuji , Yin Hengbo , Sakata Takao , Mori Hirotaro , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Anatase TiO2 nanocrystallites have been prepared in 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol or 1,6-hexanediol under microwave irradiation by the polyol method. It is demonstrated that the crystallite size less than 10 nm can be controlled by changing the quantity of added water.
A successful second unrelated BMT (UBMT) from a different unrelated donor to treat ALL that relapsed after the initial UBMT
Authors: Uehara Taeko , Nakaseko Chiaki , Yokota Akira , Saito Yasushi , Nishimura Miki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 26‐year‐old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in its second complete remission received an unrelated bone marrow transplantation (UBMT) following cyclophosphamide plus total body irradiation conditioning. The patient relapsed 7 months after the BMT. He received a second UBMT from a different donor 15 months after the initial UBMT. Conditioning for the second UBMT consisted of busulphan, melphalan, and anti‐thymocyte globulin. The regimen was well tolerated, and engraftment was achieved. Both acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host diseases occurred but were successfully controlled with immunosuppressive drugs. He is alive and disease‐free 29 months after the second UBMT. This is the first report of a successful second UBMT for ALL that had relapsed after the first UBMT and for which a different donor was used. Am. J. Hematol. 71:37–40, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 26‐week randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial
Authors: Simons Mikael , Schwärzler Frank , Lütjohann Dieter , Von Bergmann Klaus , Beyreuther Konrad , Dichgans Johannes , Wormstall Henning , Hartmann Tobias , Schulz Jörg B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study, we investigated whether statins alter cholesterol metabolites and reduce Aβ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of 44 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Individuals were given up to 80mg simvastatin daily or placebo for 26 weeks. Overall, simvastatin did not significantly alter cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42. In post hoc analysis, simvastatin significantly decreased Aβ40 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. The reduction of Aβ40 correlated with the reduction of 24S‐hydroxycholesterol. These changes were not observed in more severely affected patients.
Synthesis and properties of ultraviolet‐curable resins via a thio–ene (thiol and allyl) addition reaction
Authors: Chiang Wen‐Yen , Ding Fan‐Chun 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBenzophenone diallyl ester (I) and benzophenone tetraallyl ester (II) based on 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with allyl alcohol (AAL) were synthesized. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added to I and formed diallyl diglycidyl methacrylate (III). These BTDA‐based allyl‐containing compounds (II and III) reacted with 1,4‐butanedithiol and 4,4′‐thiol‐bisbenzene‐thiol to produce ultraviolet (UV)‐curable resins via a thio–ene addition reaction. The ester (III) was cured easily when exposed to UV or sunlight radiation without any photoinitiator and only required a lower thermal curing temperature. The diallyl ester (I) and tetraallyl ester (II) required the addition of benzophenone to increase the photosensitivity, which reduced the exposition time. These resins used AAL as a monomer to successfully reduce the oxygen effect of the photocuring. The resin BTDA–2Allyl–2GMA had a glass‐transition temperature of 166°C and a hardness of 6H. The resultant UV‐curable coatings had excellent hardness, chemical resistance, adhesion, and tensile properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1878–1885, 2002
Polypropylene fibers reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kearns Jacob C. , Shambaugh Robert L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe strength properties of polypropylene fibers were enhanced with single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Solvent processing was used to disperse SWNTs in a commodity polypropylene. After the solvent was removed, the solid polymer was melt‐spun and postdrawn into fibers of unusual strength. For a 1‐wt % loading of nanotubes, the fiber tensile strength increased 40% (from 9.0 to 13.1 g/denier). At the same time, the modulus increased 55% (from 60 to 93 g/denier). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2079–2084, 2002
An analysis in support of sediment quality thresholds for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to protect estuarine fish
Authors: Johnson Lyndal L. , Collier Tracy K. , Stein John E. 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
Under the US Endangered Species Act and the Essential Fish Habitat provisions of the Sustainable Fisheries Act, it is the responsibility of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to safeguard the health of fish in estuarine and coastal waters.
This includes assessment of the impacts of exposure to toxic chemicals on fish and their critical habitat.
This analysis was conducted to assist NMFS resource managers in determining when fish are exposed to potentially harmful concentrations of one of the most common environmental contaminants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Effects thresholds were estimated primarily through segmented regression of site‐specific sediment PAH concentrations and associated disease prevalences in a resident fish species, English sole, Pleuronectes vetulus.
The analyses and supporting data encompass several endpoints, including DNA damage, liver lesions, and impacts on growth and reproduction.
In general, liver lesion prevalences, DNA adduct levels, and impacts on growth and reproduction were minimal at sediment PAH concentrations at or below 1000 ppb. Above 1000 ppb, there appears to be a substantial increase in the risk of contaminant‐related injury to English sole.
Published in 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the distribution of binding sites for the plant lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia I‐isolectin B4 on primary sensory neurones in seven mammalian species
Authors: Gerke Michelle B. , Plenderleith Mark B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the binding patterns of the plant lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia I‐isolectin B4 (BSI‐B4) to sensory neurones in seven mammalian species. The dorsal root ganglia and spinal cords of three rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, flying foxes, cats, and marmoset monkeys were screened for BSI‐B4 using lectin histochemistry. BSI‐B4 binding was associated with the soma of predominantly small‐diameter primary sensory neurones in the dorsal root ganglia and their axon terminals within laminae I and II of the superficial dorsal horn in all seven species. The similarities of lectin binding patterns in each of these species suggest that the glycoconjugate to which BSI‐B4 binds has a ubiquitous distribution in mammals, and supports the proposal that this lectin may preferentially bind to a subpopulation of sensory neurones with a similar functional role in each of these species. Anat Rec 268:105–114, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An exploratory study of Malaysian publication productivity in computer science and information technology
Authors: Gu Yinian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExplores the Malaysian computer science and information technology publication productivity. A total of 547 unique Malaysian authors, affiliated to 52 organizations in Malaysia, contributed 461 publications between 1990 and 1999 as indicated by data collected from three Web‐based databases. The majority (378 or 69.1%) of authors wrote one publication. The productive authors and the number of their papers as well as the position of their names in the articles are listed to indicate their productivity and degree of involvement in their research publications. Researchers from the universities contribute about 428 (92.8%) publications. The three most productive institutions together account for a total of 258 (56.0%) publications. The composition of the publications are 197 (42.7%) journal articles, 263 (57.1%) conference papers, and 1 (0.2%) monograph chapters. The results indicate that the scholars published in a few core proceedings but contributed to a wide variety of journals. Thirty‐nine fields of research undertaken by the scholars are also revealed. The possible reasons for the amount and pattern of contributions are related to the size of researcher population in the country, the availability of refereed scholarly journals, and the total expenditure allocated to information, computers, and communication technology (ICCT) research in Malaysia.
Statistical concepts of capability of detection
Authors: Wilrich Peter‐Th. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe minimum detectable value of a measurement system is the smallest true value of the measurand X that can be detected as distinct from the true value x = 0 with a specified probability 1−β. If the measurand X is measured indirectly and the directly measurable variable Y is linearly related to X, the minimum detectable value depends on the design of the measurement system, i.e. the calibration experiment for the estimation of the linear relationship and the number of repeated measurements of the sample. In this paper a design is derived that assures the minimum detectable value to be equal to a specified value. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The outstanding metabolic stability of a 14C‐labeled β‐nonapeptide in rats – in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Wiegand Hansjörg , Wirz Bernard , Schweitzer Alain , Camenisch Gian P. , Rodriguez Perez Maria I. , Gross Gerhard , Woessner Ralph , Voges Rolf , Arvidsson Per I. , Frackenpohl Jens , Seebach Dieter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn vitro studies: In CaCo‐2 cell monolayers the β‐nonapeptide H(β‐HAla‐β‐HLys‐β‐HPhe)3‐OH·4HCl (1), 14C‐labeled on both C atoms of the CH2–CO moiety of the central β‐HPhe residue, showed a low intrinsic permeability (<1%) and is subject to a prominent efflux system. The β‐peptide (1) binds to human and rat plasma protein in vitro independent of the concentration of 1 and of the species (30–36% bound fraction at 50, 500, and 5000 ng/ml), and has only low affinity for the corresponding blood cells (less than 5% of compound 1 in blood cells).In vivo studies: The in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics after i.v. administration of 5 mg/kg (to male rats and to bile‐duct‐operated rats) were: (i) negligible in vivo biotransformation of 1 (in urine, plasma and feces unchanged 1 represented virtually the only compound‐related molecule); (ii) rapid initial decline (0–8 h post dose) of levels of compound 1 in blood and plasma followed by a slower decline (8–96 h post dose); (iii) in non‐operated animals after 96 h only 38% of the dose was excreted and after 168 h 49% of the dose was found remaining in the carcass; elimination through the intestine wall represented the major elimination pathway in non‐operated animals while in bile‐duct‐cannulated animals biliary excretion was not found to contribute substantially to elimination (iv) quantitative whole‐body autoradioluminography (QWBAL) investigations revealed that the kidney was by far the most important target organ of distribution; other tissues with high concentrations of compound‐related radioactivity were cartilage, lymph nodes, and liver, whereas lowest levels were found in white fat and in the brain. After p.o. administration (10 mg/kg) negligible radioactivity was observed in the systemic circulation, indicating negligible absorption; essentially the entire oral dose was recovered unchanged in feces collected over a period of 96 h. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of minor groove functional groups for the stability of DNA duplexes
Authors: Sun Zhenhua , Chen Dongli , Lan Tao , McLaughlin Larry W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEight oligonucleotide duplexes have been prepared with four pairs of selected complementary pairs of native/analogue heterocyclic bases incorporated at a selected test site. The base pairs vary in the nature of their functionality in the minor groove. Each pair has a minor groove purine amino group present or absent, and correspondingly has a minor grove pyrimidine carbonyl present or absent. Loss of duplex stability is most notable when the minor groove pyrimidine carbonyl is absent although in other respects normal Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding is maintained in these sequences. These differences in stability are discussed in terms of possible variations in minor groove hydration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Nucleic Acid Sci) 65: 211–217, 2002
Modified model for the regulation of the tryptophan operon in Escherichia coli
Authors: Giona Massimiliano , Adrover Alessandra 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article proposes a modification of the model developed by Sinha (1988) and Sen and Liu (1990) for the regulation dynamics of the tryptophan operon in E. coli based on a consistent overall balance of the agent repressing the mRNA transcription. The dynamics of the model are analyzed by means of continuation techniques and the influence of periodic fluctuations in the intracellular demand for tryptophan is addressed. The analysis provides deeper insight into the dynamics of this operon system and the results obtained may be a useful starting point for the optimization of tryptophan yield in bacterial cultures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 297–304, 2002.
Modelling of the enzymatic kinetically controlled synthesis of cephalexin: Influence of diffusion limitation
Authors: Schroën C.G.P.H. , Fretz C.B. , DeBruin V.H. , Berendsen W. , Moody H.M. , Roos E.C. , VanRoon J.L. , Kroon P.J. , Strubel M. , Janssen A.E.M. , Tramper J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study the influence of diffusion limitation on enzymatic kinetically controlled cephalexin synthesis from phenylglycine amide and 7‐aminodeacetoxycephalosporinic acid (7‐ADCA) was investigated systematically. It was found that if diffusion limitation occurred, both the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio (S/H ratio) and the yield decreased, resulting in lower product and higher by‐product concentrations. The effect of pH, enzyme loading, and temperature was investigated, their influence on the course of the reaction was evaluated, and eventually diffusion limitation was minimised. It was found that at pH ≥7 the effect of diffusion limitation was eminent; the difference in S/H ratio and yield between free and immobilised enzyme was considerable. At lower pH, the influence of diffusion limitation was minimal. At low temperature, high yields and S/H ratios were found for all enzymes tested because the hydrolysis reactions were suppressed and the synthesis reaction was hardly influenced by temperature. The enzyme loading influenced the S/H ratio and yield, as expected for diffusion‐limited particles. For Assemblase 3750® (the number refers to the degree of enzyme loading), it was proven that both cephalexin synthesis and hydrolysis were diffusion limited. For Assemblase 7500®, which carries double the enzyme load of Assemblase 3750®, these reactions were also proven to be diffusion limited, together with the binding‐step of the substrate phenylglycine amide to the enzyme. For an actual process, the effects of diffusion limitation should preferably be minimised. This can be achieved at low temperature, low pH, and high substrate concentrations. An optimum in S/H ratio and yield was found at pH 7.5 and low temperature, where a relatively low reaction pH can be combined with a relatively high solubility of 7‐ADCA. When comparing the different enzymes at these conditions, the free enzyme gave slightly better results than both immobilised biocatalysts, but the effect of diffusion limitation was minimal. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 331–340, 2002.
Versatile method for production and controlled polymer‐immobilization of biologically active recombinant proteins
Authors: Allard Laure , Cheynet Valérie , Oriol Guy , Mandrand Bernard , Delair Thierry , Mallet François 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe immobilization of a protein by covalent attachment to a support matrix should involve only functional groups of the protein that are not essential for its biological activity. A general strategy for obtaining recombinant proteins designed for oriented covalent grafting onto copolymers was investigated. The rationale involves the definition of seven p24‐derived recombinant proteins as fused to either distant or adjacent tags comprising primary amine rich tag consisting of six contiguous lysines suitable for oriented covalent immobilization and a hexa‐histidine tag suitable for metal chelate affinity purification. High‐level expression, efficient affinity purification, and coupling yields onto maleic anhydride‐alt‐methyl vinyl ether copolymers higher than 95% were obtained for all proteins. Afterwards, an investigation of the biological features of the immobilized vs. nonimmobilized protein onto the copolymer allowed us to select one bioconjugate which was used in a diagnostic context, i.e., as a capture antigen in an ELISA format test. Sera from 107 HIV‐seropositive individuals at various stages of HIV infection, including two seroconversion panels and 104 healthy HIV‐seronegative controls, were tested using either RH24 or RK24H‐copolymer coated onto the microtiter plate. These assays showed that the use of such a protein‐copolymer bioconjugate allowed detection of lower antibody titers than the RH24 protein, illus‐ trating the potential of applications of such doubly tagged proteins. Thus, a set of expression vectors was designed containing four different combinations of hexa‐lysine and hexa‐histidine tags and a multiple cloning site, allowing the production of different recombinant fusion proteins suitable for biological reactivity conservation after immobilization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 341–348, 2002.
Enhanced kinetic extraction of parvovirus B19 structural proteins
Authors: Sico Colleen , White Stephen , Tsao Eric , Varma Amit 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecombinant structural proteins (VP1 and VP2) of the human parvovirus B19 have been expressed simultaneously using the baculovirus expression system to form virus‐like particles (VLPs) that have potential use as vaccines. In this study, we report optimization of extraction conditions to recover these VLPs from cell paste. Under hypotonic conditions with neutral pH these VLPs were poorly extracted (up to 3% extraction). Addition of reducing agents, detergents, salts, and sonication did not improve the extractability. While screening for conditions to improve the extractability of the VLPs, we discovered that a combination of higher pH and elevated processing temperature significantly increased the extraction. Whereas increasing pH alone increased extractability from 3% to 6% (pH increased from 8.0 to 9.5), the effect of elevated temperature was much more substantial. At 50°C, we observed the extraction to be more than fivefold higher than that at room temperature (up to 25% extracted at pH 9.0). The kinetics of extraction at elevated temperatures showed a rapid initial rate of extraction (on the order of minutes) followed by a plateau. In addition, we compared the extraction of VP1 expressed alone. VP1 expressed alone is incapable of forming VLPs. We observed that non‐VLP VP1 was easily extractable (up to 60% extracted) under conditions in which the VP1 + VP2 VLPs were not extractable. From these studies we conclude that parvovirus B19 structural proteins expressed to form VLPs have a hindered extractability as compared with non‐VLP protein. This hindrance to extraction can be significantly reduced by processing at elevated temperatures and an increased pH, possibly due to the enhanced rates of solubilization and diffusion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 250–256, 2002.