bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental radiological baseline in unconventional oil and gas areas of Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Méndez Beatriz , Balcázar Miguel , Carranza Arturo Ángeles , Suárez-Contreras Sergio , Ponce Esperanza Quintero , Robles Mario Bárcenas , Meza Juan Carlos Sánchez , Segura Edith Erielia Gutiérrez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Environmental radioactivity study was performed in unconventional hydrocarbons areas for the first time in Mexico, where four unconventional hydrocarbon exploratory wells (UHEW) are planned. This study assesses natural radiological conditions in areas around UHEW. Equivalent dose rate distribution displayed in Geographic Information System (GIS) had a maximum of 1.83 mSv a−1 and minimum of 0.04 mSv a−1, GIS was also used for introducing land usage, water resources and population occupancy. Measurements of gross alpha and gross beta in water were below the national permissible limits for drinking water 0.5 and 1.0 Bq L−1 respectively, even though samples do not correspond to drinking water. Evaluation of 238U and 226Ra in groundwater were below minimum detectable concentration 1.3 and 1.0 Bq L−1, respectively. This study provides a radiological baseline for the impact of future industrial activities, especially if exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons produces naturally occurring radioactive material.
Doing Refugee Right(s) with Technologies? Humanitarian Crises and the Multiplication of “Exceptional” Legal States
Authors: Twigt Mirjam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like borders, refugee protection settings beyond the EU often serve as testing grounds for technologies. This article takes a socio-legal perspective to show how humanitarian experimentation in these contexts is made possible through different, interacting challenges to sovereignty. It argues that the understanding that actors or their positions are “exceptional” allows for and justifies data practices that would otherwise not be legally permissible. Examples of data practices in refugee protection settings are connected to work in geopolitics, science and technology studies, and sociology of law.
The article shows how the position of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as negotiator on behalf of refugees and an emergency-driven techno-solutionism not only interacts with the already precarious legal context most people seeking refuge find themselves in. It coincides with the legal positioning of International Organisations and with citizenship-oriented conceptions of privacy, further constituting people seeking refuge as (digital) rights optional. This is problematic not least because of concerns about adequate data protection or the implications of bias. Data flows and algorithms are generative of the politics of contemporary societies, implying that the structural undermining of digital rights of people seeking refuge in the present can also hinder their access to rights in the future.
Risk of pre-term birth as a function of sleep quality and obesity: prospective analysis in a large Prematurity Research Cohort
Authors: Sutcliffe Siobhan , Zhao Peinan , Pilz Luisa Klaus , Oakes Megan , Frolova Antonina I , Herzog Erik D , England Sarah K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Study Objective
To investigate whether poor sleep quality is associated with pre-term birth (PTB) risk, overall and independent of sleep apnea and habitual snoring.

Methods
We used longitudinal data from the Washington University Prematurity Research Cohort to investigate the association between poor sleep quality (defined as a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index &gt; 5) and PTB, overall and independent of sleep apnea and snoring (defined by the Berlin questionnaire and prior sleep clinic attendance). Associations were investigated for sleep quality early and throughout pregnancy. Stratified analyses were performed by factors previously shown to modify associations between sleep and PTB (race, pre-pregnancy obesity).

Results
Of the 976 eligible participants, 50.1% experienced poor sleep quality early in pregnancy (&lt;20 completed weeks) and 14.2% delivered pre-term (n = 50 without and 89 with poor sleep quality). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, poor sleep quality early in pregnancy was associated with increased PTB risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–2.14). This association persisted after further adjustment for sleep apnea and snoring (HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.20) and in analyses stratified by race. It varied, however, by pre-pregnancy obesity. Among individuals without obesity, no association was observed between poor sleep and PTB (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.65–1.79), whereas among those with obesity, a positive association was observed (HR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.52–5.69, p-interaction = .05). This association was limited to individuals with obesity who experienced poor sleep both earlier and later in pregnancy (HR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.56–9.99).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that improving sleep quality early in pregnancy may be important for PTB prevention, particularly among individuals with obesity.
Striatal correlates of Bayesian beliefs in self-efficacy in adolescents and their relation to mood and autonomy: a pilot study
Authors: Romaniuk Liana , MacSweeney Niamh , Atkinson Kimberley , Chan Stella W Y , Barbu Miruna C , Lawrie Stephen M , Whalley Heather C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Major depressive disorder often originates in adolescence and is associated with long-term functional impairment. Mechanistically characterizing this heterogeneous illness could provide important leads for optimizing treatment. Importantly, reward learning is known to be disrupted in depression. In this pilot fMRI study of 21 adolescents (16–20 years), we assessed how reward network disruption impacts specifically on Bayesian belief representations of self-efficacy (SE-B) and their associated uncertainty (SE-U), using a modified instrumental learning task probing activation induced by the opportunity to choose, and an optimal Hierarchical Gaussian Filter computational model. SE-U engaged caudate, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), precuneus, posterior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFWE &lt; 0.005). Sparse partial least squares analysis identified SE-U striatal activation as associating with one’s sense of perceived choice and depressive symptoms, particularly anhedonia and negative feelings about oneself. As Bayesian uncertainty modulates belief flexibility and their capacity to steer future actions, this suggests that these striatal signals may be informative developmentally, longitudinally and in assessing response to treatment.
Diving deep into fish bornaviruses: Uncovering hidden diversity and transcriptional strategies through comprehensive data mining
Authors: Eshak Mirette I Y , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Beer Martin , Pfaff Florian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recently, we discovered two novel orthobornaviruses in colubrid and viperid snakes using an in silico data-mining approach. Here, we present the results of a screening of more than 100,000 nucleic acid sequence datasets of fish samples from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) for potential bornaviral sequences. We discovered the potentially complete genomes of seven bornavirids in datasets from osteichthyans and chondrichthyans. Four of these are likely to represent novel species within the genus Cultervirus, and we propose that one genome represents a novel genus within the family of Bornaviridae. Specifically, we identified sequences of Wǔhàn sharpbelly bornavirus in sequence data from the widely used grass carp liver and kidney cell lines L8824 and CIK, respectively. A complete genome of Murray–Darling carp bornavirus was identified in sequence data from a goldfish (Carassius auratus). The newly discovered little skate bornavirus, identified in the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) dataset, contained a novel and unusual genomic architecture (N-Vp1-Vp2-X-P-G-M-L), as compared to other bornavirids. Its genome is thought to encode two additional open reading frames (tentatively named Vp1 and Vp2), which appear to represent ancient duplications of the gene encoding the viral glycoprotein (G). The datasets also provided insights into the possible transcriptional gradients of these bornavirids and revealed previously unknown splicing mechanisms.
Comparative Pangenomic Insights into the Distinct Evolution of Virulence Factors Among Grapevine Trunk Pathogens
Authors: Garcia Jadran F. , Morales-Cruz Abraham , Cochetel Noé , Minio Andrea , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , Rolshausen Philippe E. , Baumgartner Kendra , Cantu Dario 
Published: November 2023

The permanent organs of grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L.), like those of other woody perennials, are colonized by various unrelated pathogenic ascomycete fungi secreting cell wall-degrading enzymes and phytotoxic secondary metabolites that contribute to host damage and disease symptoms. Trunk pathogens differ in the symptoms they induce and the extent and speed of damage. Isolates of the same species often display a wide virulence range, even within the same vineyard. This study focuses on Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Phaeoacremonium minimum, causal agents of Eutypa dieback, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Esca, respectively. We sequenced 50 isolates from viticulture regions worldwide and built nucleotide-level, reference-free pangenomes for each species. Through examination of genomic diversity and pangenome structure, we analyzed intraspecific conservation and variability of putative virulence factors, focusing on functions under positive selection and recent gene family dynamics of contraction and expansion. Our findings reveal contrasting distributions of putative virulence factors in the core, dispensable, and private genomes of each pangenome. For example, carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) were prevalent in the core genomes of each pangenome, whereas biosynthetic gene clusters were prevalent in the dispensable genomes of E. lata and P. minimum. The dispensable fractions were also enriched in Gypsy transposable elements and virulence factors under positive selection (polyketide synthase genes in E. lata and P. minimum, glycosyltransferases in N. parvum). Our findings underscore the complexity of the genomic architecture in each species and provide insights into their adaptive strategies, enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of virulence. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Mutagenesis of Wheat Powdery Mildew Reveals a Single Gene Controlling Both NLR and Tandem Kinase-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Bernasconi Zoe , Stirnemann Ursin , Heuberger Matthias , Sotiropoulos Alexandros G. , Graf Johannes , Wicker Thomas , Keller Beat , Sánchez-Martín Javier 
Published: November 2023

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt) is a globally important fungal wheat pathogen. Some wheat genotypes contain powdery mildew resistance ( Pm) genes encoding immune receptors that recognize specific fungal-secreted effector proteins, defined as avirulence (Avr) factors. Identifying Avr factors is vital for understanding the mechanisms, functioning, and durability of wheat resistance. Here, we present AvrXpose, an approach to identify Avr genes in Bgt by generating gain-of-virulence mutants on Pm genes. We first identified six Bgt mutants with gain of virulence on Pm3b and Pm3c. They all had point mutations, deletions or insertions of transposable elements within the corresponding AvrPm3b2/c2 gene or its promoter region. We further selected six mutants on Pm3a, aiming to identify the yet unknown AvrPm3a3 recognized by Pm3a, in addition to the previously described AvrPm3a2/f2. Surprisingly, Pm3a virulence in the obtained mutants was always accompanied by an additional gain of virulence on the unrelated tandem kinase resistance gene WTK4. No virulence toward 11 additional R genes tested was observed, indicating that the gain of virulence was specific for Pm3a and WTK4. Several independently obtained Pm3a-WTK4 mutants have mutations in Bgt-646, a gene encoding a putative, nonsecreted ankyrin repeat-containing protein. Gene expression analysis suggests that Bgt-646 regulates a subset of effector genes. We conclude that Bgt-646 is a common factor required for avirulence on both a specific nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat and a WTK immune receptor. Our findings suggest that, beyond effectors, another type of pathogen protein can control the race-specific interaction between powdery mildew and wheat. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Original Research: Exploring Medication Safety Practices from the Nurse's Perspective
Authors: Arkin Laura , Schuermann Andrea A. , Loerzel Victoria , Penoyer Daleen 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Medication preparation and administration are complex tasks that nurses must perform daily within today's complicated health care environment. Despite more than two decades of efforts to reduce medication errors, it's well known that such errors remain prevalent. Obtaining insight from direct care nurses may clarify where opportunities for improvement exist and guide future efforts to do so.

Purpose:
The study purpose was to explore direct care nurses' perspectives on and experiences with medication safety practices and errors.

Methods:
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among direct care nurses employed across a large health care system. Data were collected using semistructured interview questions with participants in focus groups and one-on-one meetings and were analyzed using qualitative direct content analysis.

Results:
A total of 21 direct care nurses participated. Four major themes emerged that impact the medication safety practices of and errors by nurses: the care environment, nurse competency, system influences, and the error paradigm. These themes were often interrelated. Most participants depicted chaotic environments, heavy nursing workloads, and distractions and interruptions as increasing the risk of medication errors. Many seemed unsure about what an error was or could be.

Conclusions:
The complexity of medication safety practices makes it difficult to implement improvement strategies. Understanding the perspectives and experiences of direct care nurses is imperative to implementing such strategies effectively. Based on the study findings, potential solutions should include actively addressing environmental barriers to safe medication practices, ensuring more robust medication management education and training (including guidance regarding the definition of medication errors and the importance of reporting), and revising policies and procedures with input from direct care nurses.
Frailty Is Associated With Decreased Survival in Adult Patients With Nonoperative and Operative Traumatic Subdural Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 381,754 Patients
Authors: Courville Evan N. , Owodunni Oluwafemi P. , Courville Jordyn T. , Kazim Syed F. , Kassicieh Alexander J. , Hynes Allyson M. , Schmidt Meic H. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: November 2023

Objective:
We investigated frailty’s impact on traumatic subdural hematoma (tSDH), examining its relationship with major complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), mortality, high level of care discharges, and survival probabilities following nonoperative and operative management.

Background:
Despite its frequency as a neurosurgical emergency, frailty’s impact on tSDH remains underexplored. Frailty characterized by multisystem impairments significantly predicts poor outcomes, necessitating further investigation.

Methods:
A retrospective study examining tSDH patients ≥18 years and assigned an abbreviated injury scale score ≥3, and entered into ACS-TQIP between 2007 and 2020. We employed multivariable analyses for risk-adjusted associations of frailty and our outcomes, and Kaplan-Meier plots for survival probability.

Results:
Overall, 381,754 tSDH patients were identified by mFI-5 as robust—39.8%, normal—32.5%, frail—20.5%, and very frail—7.2%. There were 340,096 nonoperative and 41,658 operative patients. The median age was 70.0 (54.0–81.0) nonoperative, and 71.0 (57.0–80.0) operative cohorts. Cohorts were predominately male and White. Multivariable analyses showed a stepwise relationship with all outcomes P < 0.001; 7.1% nonoperative and 14.9% operative patients had an 20% to 46% increased risk of mortality, that is, nonoperative: very frail (HR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.13–1.26]), and operative: very frail (HR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.38–1.55]). There were precipitous reductions in survival probability across mFI-5 strata.

Conclusion:
Frailty was associated with major complications, LOS, mortality, and high level care discharges in a nationwide population of 381,754 patients. While timely surgery may be required for patients with tSDH, rapid deployment of point-of-care risk assessment for frailty creates an opportunity to equip physicians in allocating resources more precisely, possibly leading to better outcomes.
Surgical management of acetabular fractures associated with pelvic ring disruption, the time-dependent effect of delay
Authors: Sameeh Islam , Safwat Yamen , Khalid Saleh Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Associated fractures of the acetabulum and pelvic ring represent considerable percentage of polytrauma victims. These types of injuries are different from isolated acetabular or pelvic injuries regarding injury severity scores, haemodynamic status, blood transfusion requirements, and higher mortality rates up to 13%. Both Letournel and Matta have definitively shown that anatomic reduction of the fracture is the most influential factor predictive of clinical outcome. The ability of obtaining anatomical reduction is affected by age, fracture pattern, associated injuries, patient general condition, timing to surgery and complications.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
It is a retrospective study among 24 patients performed in Zagazig university hospitals between May 2017 and February 2019. Matta scoring system was used to quantify the radiological outcome of both acetabular and pelvic components while, both Majeed and Merle d’Aubigné were used for clinical grading at the final follow up. Timing to surgery was found to affect the quality of reduction significantly.

Results:
We divided our cases into 2 groups; First group including the patients underwent operative management from day 0 to day 10 which include 18 cases and Second group including the patients underwent operative management from day 11 to day 21 which include 6 cases and we will observe if there is a correlation between the preoperative delay and Matta scoring for both acetabular and pelvic components.
Among the operatively managed acetabular fracture There was significant association between preoperative delay and Matta scoring system for acetabular component (P<0.05) Among the operatively managed pelvic ring injuries There was significant association between preoperative delay and Matta scoring system for pelvic component (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The quality of reduction can be controlled by controlling the time to surgery after optimization of the general condition of the patient and controlling the local complications. In our study the earlier to operate on both components within the first 10 days after initial trauma the better to get anatomical reduction.
Effect of a Standardized Family Participation Program in the ICU: A Multicenter Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial*
Authors: Dijkstra Boukje M. , Rood Paul J.T. , Teerenstra Steven , Rutten Anne M.F. , Leerentveld Crista , Burgers-Bonthuis Dominique C. , Festen-Spanjer Barbara , Klarenbeek Toine , Van Den Boogaard Mark , Ewalds Esther , Schoonhoven Lisette , Van Der Hoeven Johannes G. , Vloet Lilian C.M. ,   from the EFfect of FAMily PARTicipation in essential care (EFFAMPART) Study Group
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effect of a standardized program for family participation in essential care activities in the ICU on symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress and satisfaction among relatives, and perceptions and experiences of ICU healthcare providers (HCPs).

DESIGN:
Multicenter stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:
Seven adult ICUs, one university, and six general teaching hospitals.

PARTICIPANTS:
Three hundred six relatives and 235 ICU HCPs.

INTERVENTIONS:
A standardized program to facilitate family participation inpatient communication, amusement/distraction, comfort, personal care, breathing, mobilization, and nutrition.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Data were collected through surveys among relatives and ICU HCPs. There were no significant differences in symptoms of anxiety in relatives in the intervention period compared with the control period (median Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] 5 [interquartile range (IQR) 2–10] vs 6 [IQR 3–9]; median ratio [MR] 0.72; 95% CI, 0.46–1.13; p = 0.15), depression (median HADS 4 [IQR 2–6] vs 3 [IQR 1–6]; MR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.55–1.32; p = 0.47) or posttraumatic stress (median Impact of Event Scale-Revised score 0.45 [IQR 0.27–0.82] vs 0.41 [IQR 0.14–1]; MR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78–1.14; p = 0.54). Reported satisfaction was slightly lower in the intervention period (mean 8.90 [sd 1.10] vs mean 9.06 [sd 1.10], difference –0.60; 95% CI, –1.07 to –0.12; p = 0.01). ICU HCPs perceived that more relatives knew how to participate: 47% in the intervention period versus 22% in the control period (odds ratio [OR] 3.15; 95% CI, 1.64–6.05; p < 0.01). They also reported relatives having sufficient knowledge (41% vs 16%; OR 3.56; 95% CI, 1.75–7.25; p < 0.01) and skills (44% vs 25%; OR 2.38; 95% CI, 1.22–4.63; p = 0.01) to apply family participation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Application of a standardized program to facilitate family participation did not change mental health symptoms in relatives of ICU patients 3 months after discharge. ICU HCPs reported increased clarity, knowledge, and skills among relatives and ICU HCPs.
An economic evaluation of two cervical screening algorithms in Belgium: HR-HPV primary compared to HR-HPV and liquid-based cytology co-testing
Authors: Dombrowski Caroline , Bourgain Claire , Ma Yixuan , Meiwald Anne , Pinsent Amy , Weynand Birgit , Turner Katy M.E. , Huntington Susie , Adams Elisabeth J. , Bogers Johannes , Croes Romaric , Sahebali Shaira 
Published: November 2023

Objective
To assess the costs and benefits of two algorithms for cervical cancer screening in Belgium (1) high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) primary screening and (2) HR-HPV and liquid-based cytology (LBC) co-testing.

Methods
A decision tree was adapted from published work and parameterised using HORIZON study data and Belgian cost and population data. The theoretical model represents two different screening algorithms for a cohort of 577 846 women aged 25–64 attending routine cervical screening. Scenario analyses were used to explore the impact of including vaccinated women and alternative pricing approaches. Uncertainty analyses were conducted.

Results
The cost per woman screened was €113.50 for HR-HPV primary screening and €101.70 for co-testing, representing a total cost of €65 588 573 and €58 775 083, respectively, for the cohort; a 10% difference. For one screening cycle, compared to HR-HPV primary, co-testing resulted in 13 173 more colposcopies, 67 731 more HR-HPV tests and 477 020 more LBC tests. Co-testing identified 2351 more CIN2+ cases per year (27% more than HR-HPV primary) and 1602 more CIN3+ cases (24% more than HR-HPV primary) than HR-HPV primary.

Conclusion
In Belgium, a co-testing algorithm could increase cervical pre-cancer detection rates compared to HR-HPV primary. Co-testing would cost less than HR-HPV primary if the cost of the HPV test and LBC were cost-neutral compared to the current cost of LBC screening but would cost more if the cost per HPV test and LBC were the same in both co-testing and HR-HPV primary strategies.