bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary culture and the establishment of cell lines
Authors: MacDonald Caroline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A wide range of cultured animal cell lines has been described in the literature and is available from tissue culture collections such as the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC) in the UK and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) in the USA (see Appendix 2). These lines are from different animal species, including humans, and increasingly insect cell lines have become available as interest grows in the baculovirus expression system for the production of proteins. Such lines, while providing a valuable resource and being appropriate for many uses, are not suitable for all purposes. In this situation the scientist may consider establishing his or her own primary culture and, if feeling particularly adventurous and optimistic, trying to isolate a new cell line. The aim of this chapter is to describe some of the approaches which are available and to indicate, wherever possible, how to go about deciding which method to use.
Detection and population analysis of IL-1 and TNF gene polymorphisms
Authors: Di Giovine Francesco S , Camp Nicola J , Cox Angela , Chaudhary Adeel G , Sorrell Julian A , Crane Alison , Duff Gordon W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and 1NF-a mediate inflammatory responses by attracting, and activating, white blood cells to tissues, and stimulating the secretion of other lymphocytotropic cytokines and catabolic enzymes (1, 2). In acute infection the inflammatory response helps to contain and eradicate the pathogen; in chronic inflammatory diseases, production of these cytokines causes tissue damage.
Functional analysis of the tight junction
Authors: Cereijido Marcelino , Shoshani Liora , Contreras Ruben G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The very names used to describe the tight junction (TJ) since it was discovered a century and a half ago reveal that, actually, it was not expected to function: ‘Schlussleisten’, ‘terminal bars’, ‘bandelettes de fermeture’, ‘hoops’, ‘occluding junctions’, ‘tight junctions’, ‘gaskets’, ‘attachment belts’, etc. (1). Our understanding of TJs has drastically changed subsequently due to a series of, now, well-known facts (2). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) ranges from 10 (proximal kidney tubule) to more than 10 000 0 cm–2 (urinary bladder), indicating that in the so-called ‘leaky epithelia’, such as the mucosa of the small intestine and the gall bladder, or the proximal tubule of the kidney, most permeating molecules do not cross through the cytoplasm of epithelial cells but circumvent them, and their flux is therefore controlled by the TJ (3, 4).
Types of Endings
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I begin by sharing two of my favorite stories about endings in clinical practice, both involving just one of my former clients. I once worked at a community mental health center where clients with serious mental disorders were sometimes seen for many years. Tara, only nineteen years old when we met, was one such client. She had a long history of sexual abuse by her father, and into her young adulthood she continued to passively enter into relationships with abusive men. Tara had low self-esteem and an unstable sense of identity. She was depressed, confused, and frequently suicidal. Tara had experienced dozens of short-term psychiatric hospitalizations prior to our first meeting. To her I was just one more in a series of social workers to whom she was referred after a hospitalization. She had not stayed involved with any professionals for longer than a few weeks.
The Solution-Focused and Narrative Theories
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The solution-focused and narrative therapies are the newest approaches to clinical practice presented in this book. They have some elements in common, as both derive from the broader social theory of constructivism. This is a different approach to understanding human behavior and the nature of change than we have considered thus far. I begin this chapter with an overview of social constructionism and then describe how the solution-focused and narrative interventions reflect this perspective on the self and the social world. Then consider how the end of intervention is approached from each perspective.
Family Theory
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Clinicians may choose from many practice theories to guide their work with families. Practitioners may select from the theories reviewed earlier in this book (reflective, cognitive, behavioral, and solution focused), as they are not specific to working with individuals. Still, family theories bring the concept of systems much more directly into the practitioner’s focus. Working with families (and groups) is qualitatively different than working with individuals. Assessing patterns of interaction and intervening with groups of people adds complexity to the process. Many practice theories specific to family work have been introduced into the literature since the 1950s.We will not review all of them, but in this chapter we will consider two major theories of family practice: family systems and structural family theory.These offer contrasting perspectives on family work and together help us get a sense of the range of available options. As in the earlier chapters we will review the theories and then consider what they recommend or imply about the ending process.
Group Interventions
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Group interventions represent a popular and effective type of service delivery in many clinical settings. They may be conducted for convenience (to accommodate large caseloads, for example) or as the intervention of choice for persons with a variety of needs who might benefit from an interpersonal process. In general, treatment groups are organized to meet social, emotional, or educational needs of participating members. There are no practice theories that are specific to group modalities. Any of the theories described in the previous chapters may be adapted for group use. Effective group leadership requires that the practitioner have an understanding of systems, however, because the processes of member interaction are often the most significant aspects of group effectiveness. Group interventions are fundamentally different than individual and family interventions in other ways as well. One of the most important aspects of groups is the fact that, when effective, they represent a positive community for the members. This community may be more supportive than other natural groups with which the clients are involved. This characteristic makes the process of ending groups challenging for the practitioner who hopes to preserve some of the “community spirit” within departing members.
Defining Volunteerism
Authors: Sherr Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Daryl Reynolds, Estella Gomez, and Aaron Freeman are three people with completely different life stories. Each of them has experienced different life circumstances, has different interests and different strengths, and is at a different point in his or her life course. In the same way, each of them had different reasons for becoming a volunteer. For Daryl, becoming a volunteer began simply as a way of completing a class assignment. For Estella, after months of grieving and developing new supports, a chance encounter at a church, along with the encouragement of a friend, motivated her to take the initiative to become a hospice volunteer. Aaron was somewhat coerced into attending a meeting at a volunteer association.
Truth vs.-Loyalty Dilemmas
Authors: Strom-Gottfried Kim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Truth-vs.-loyalty dilemmas are a common feature of practice with minors. At their essence, the dilemmas in this category involve the conflict between the need to share information and the value of upholding implicit or explicit promises to do otherwise. All dilemmas involving the right to privacy fall into this category. Conflict-of-interest dilemmas often do as well. In practice with children and adolescents, the common standards of confidentiality are challenged by the rights and interests of parents and the social institutions that limit minors’ rights.
Sister Jean Abbott: Bringing Healing to Victims of Trauma Worldwide
Authors: Curley Jami , Tebb Susan S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effects of war and civil conflicts on a survivor’s mind and body can be devastating, particularly when abuse and torture are involved. According to the World Health Organization (2002), depression and anxiety, suicidal tendencies, alcohol abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are among the psychological and behavioral problems resulting from the collective violence that ensues from the chaos and disorder of civil unrest. Many victims flee their homeland out of fear for their lives or are forcibly displaced to other countries in search of asylum. Known as refugees, these people often seek safety and protection from their home countries. At the end of 2006, approximately 14 million refugees and asylum seekers were in need of protection worldwide (U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, 2007). Of the 69,400 refugees that were resettled in other countries, more than 41,000 were resettled in the United States (U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, 2007).
Statistical Training for Social Workers
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The increased emphasis on research methods in social work education has prompted a great deal of confusion and disagreement over the extent and type of research content to be included in curricula (Austin, 1978; Heineman, 1981; Hudson, 1982; Glisson, 1982; Karger, 1983). The debate has been particularly intensive over the extent to which social workers should be trained in statistics (Cowger, 1984; Glisson, 1985; Pieper, 1985). Currently, there is considerable disagreement about the value of statistical training and an enormous variation among social workers in their ability to either understand or undertake statistical analyses. This article has four objectives related to statistical training: 1) to establish the value of statistical training for social workers; 2) to assess current levels of training provided to social workers; 3) to present general, educational principles for statistical training in social work; and 4) to provide specific objectives and curricula for bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral social work programs covering the continuum of statistical methodologies in the three programs.
Use of Computers in Evaluation and Practice
Authors: Fischer Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the prices of personal computers continue to drop, and programs for their use become more accessible and easy to use, it is inevitable that practitioners in the human services will come to rely on personal computers to help manage and enhance their practice. Computers increasingly are becoming a crucial part of evaluation and practice. In fact, one might argue that recent advances in computer technology have revolutionized the way practitioners engage in practice and evaluation. This development has been hastened by three major phenomena: (1) the increasing sophistication of users of computers–computers are available at home and at work, and more and more people are becoming familiar with their use; (2) the incredible drop in prices of personal computers, making them more accessible to people than ever before; and (3) recognition by practitioners of the value of computers for evaluation and practice. Indeed, some practitioners feel completely hampered in their practice and evaluation activities if they are denied access to their computers for even a short time. (You can include the authors in this latter group.)
From Environmental Despair to the Ecological Self: Mindfulness and Community Action
Authors: Lysack Mishka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One evening in February of 2007, I was watching a CBC documentary report on the dramatic increase in the slaughter of African elephants for ivory. The journalist reported that in 2006 alone, 26,000 elephants—5 percent of the entire population on earth—had been ruthlessly poached, despite the presence of laws and the efforts of sanctuary officers to protect the elephants.
Porphyro’s ‘Ancient Ditty’: Text and Topology in The Eve of St Agnes/‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’
Authors: Marggraf-Turley Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article explores non-orientable textualities and self-quotation in Romantic poetry, focusing on two of John Keats’s major poems: The Eve of St Agnes and ‘La Belle Dame sans Merci’. It proposes that an intricate web of intertextuality between Keats’s romance and ballad can be conceptualized in topological terms. Central to this approach is the application of the Klein bottle—a single-sided, non-orientable structure—as a model for understanding the complex ways in which the two poems are connected to themselves and each other. The analysis is extended to include the reflexive dynamics of Robert Burns’s bawdy song, ‘Nine Inch Will Please a Lady’ and Richard Roos’s Middle English translation of Alain Chartier’s ‘La Belle Dame sans Mercy’. Finally, the essay argues that Keats’s romance and ballad can be envisioned not as distinct literary works but rather as topological regions on a larger, continuous textual surface—a spatial paradigm that has the potential to provide a fresh lens for examining intertextual literature more widely.
Defining thein vivorole of mTORC1 in thyrocytes by studying the TSC2 conditional knockout mouse model
Authors: Rossetti Camila , Lourençoni Bruna , Peçanha Flavia , Franco Aime T , Nosé Vania , Carneiro Everardo , Lew John , Bernal-Mizrachi Ernesto , Werneck-de Castro Joao Pedro 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe thyroid gland is susceptible to abnormal epithelial cell growth, often resulting in thyroid dysfunction. The serine-threonine protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cellular metabolism, proliferation, and growth through two different protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. The PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway’s overactivity is well associated with heightened aggressiveness in thyroid cancer, but recent studies indicate the involvement of mTORC2 as well. To elucidate mTORC1’s role in thyrocytes, we developed a novel mouse model with mTORC1 gain of function in thyrocytes by deleting Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2), an intracellular inhibitor of mTORC1. The resultingTPO-TSC2KOmice exhibited a significant reduction in TSC2 levels, leading to a six-fold increase in mTORC1 activity. Thyroid glands of both male and femaleTPO-TSC2KOmice displayed rapid enlargement and continued growth throughout life, accompanied by heterogeneity among thyroid follicles, larger follicles, increased colloid and epithelium. We observed elevated thyrocyte proliferation as indicated by Ki67 staining and elevated Cyclin D3 expression in theTPO-TSC2KOmice. mTORC1 activation resulted in a progressive downregulation of key genes involved in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis, including thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), while TTF1, PAX8, and MCT8 mRNA levels remained unaffected. NIS protein expression was also diminished inTPO-TSC2KOmice. Treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin prevented thyroid mass expansion and restored the gene expression alterations inTPO-TSC2KOmice. Although T4, T3and TSH plasma levels were normal at 2 months of age, a slight decrease in T4and an increase in TSH levels were observed at 6 and 12 months of age while T3 remained similar inTPO-TSC2KOcompared to littermate control mice.TPO-TSC2KOmice aged to 12 months or older developed aberrant thyroid conditions, including follicular hyperplasia, inflammation, and thyroid tumors. In conclusion, our thyrocyte-specific mouse model reveals that mTORC1 activation inhibits TH biosynthesis, suppresses thyrocyte gene expression, and promotes growth and proliferation. Chronic mTORC1 activation leads to thyroid tumor formation, highlighting the role of mTORC1 in thyroid dysfunction and tumorigenesis.
OVO Positively Regulates Essential Maternal Pathways by Binding Near the Transcriptional Start Sites in theDrosophilaFemale Germline
Authors: Benner Leif , Muron Savannah , Gomez Jillian G. , Oliver Brian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDifferentiation of female germline stem cells into a mature oocyte includes the expression of RNAs and proteins that drive early embryonic development inDrosophila. We have little insight into what activates the expression of these maternal factors. One candidate is the zinc-finger protein OVO. OVO is required for female germline viability and has been shown to positively regulate its own expression, as well as a downstream target,ovarian tumor, by binding to the transcriptional start site (TSS). To find additional OVO targets in the female germline and further elucidate OVO’s role in oocyte development, we performed ChIP-seq to determine genome-wide OVO occupancy, as well as RNA-seq comparing hypomorphic and wild type rescueovoalleles. OVO preferentially binds in close proximity to target TSSs genome-wide, is associated with open chromatin, transcriptionally active histone marks, and OVO-dependent expression. Motif enrichment analysis on OVO ChIP peaks identified a 5′-TAACNGT-3′ OVO DNA binding motif spatially enriched near TSSs. However, the OVO DNA binding motif does not exhibit precise motif spacing relative to the TSS characteristic of RNA Polymerase II complex binding core promoter elements. Integrated genomics analysis showed that 525 genes that are bound and increase in expression downstream of OVO are known to be essential maternally expressed genes. These include genes involved in anterior/posterior/germ plasm specification (bcd, exu, swa, osk, nos, aub, pgc, gcl), egg activation (png, plu, gnu, wisp, C(3)g, mtrm), translational regulation (cup,orb,bru1, me31B), and vitelline membrane formation (fs(1)N,fs(1)M3,clos). This suggests that OVO is a master transcriptional regulator of oocyte development and is responsible for the expression of structural components of the egg as well as maternally provided RNAs that are required for early embryonic development.
A single locus determines praziquantel response inSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: Chevalier Frédéric D. , Le Clec’h Winka , Berriman Matthew , Anderson Timothy J.C. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTWe previously performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify the genetic basis of praziquantel (PZQ) response in schistosomes, identifying two quantitative trait loci (QTL) situated on chromosome 2 and chromosome 3. We reanalyzed this GWAS using the latest (v10) genome assembly showing that a single locus on chromosome 3, rather than two independent loci, determines drug response. These results reveal that praziquantel response is monogenic and demonstrates the importance of high-quality genomic information.
Germlinecisvariant determines epigenetic regulation of the anti-cancer drug metabolism gene dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ambrodji Alisa , Huang Huixing , Bouchonville Kelly J. , Etheridge Amy S. , Schmidt Remington E. , Bembenek Brianna M. , Temesgen Zoey B. , Wang Zhiquan , Innocenti Federico , Stroka Deborah , Diasio Robert B. , Largiadèr Carlo R. , Offer Steven M. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTEnhancers are critical for regulating tissue-specific gene expression, and genetic variants within enhancer regions have been suggested to contribute to various cancer-related processes, including therapeutic resistance. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Using a well-defined drug-gene pair, we identified an enhancer region for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD,DPYDgene) expression that is relevant to the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Using reporter systems, CRISPR genome edited cell models, and human liver specimens, we demonstratedin vitroandvivothat genotype status for the common germline variant (rs4294451; 27% global minor allele frequency) located within this novel enhancer controlsDPYDtranscription and alters resistance to 5-FU. The variant genotype increases recruitment of the transcription factor CEBPB to the enhancer and alters the level of direct interactions between the enhancer andDPYDpromoter. Our data provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlling sensitivity and resistance to 5-FU.
MetalPrognosis: a Biological Language Model-based Approach for Disease-Associated Mutations in Metal-Binding Site prediction
Authors: Jia Runchang , He Zhijie , Wang Cong , Guo Xudong , Li Fuyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein-metal ion interactions play a central role in the onset of numerous diseases. When amino acid changes lead to missense mutations in metal-binding sites, the disrupted interaction with metal ions can compromise protein function, potentially causing severe human ailments. Identifying these disease-associated mutation sites within metal-binding regions is paramount for understanding protein function and fostering innovative drug development. While some computational methods aim to tackle this challenge, they often fall short in accuracy, commonly due to manual feature extraction and the absence of structural data. We introduce MetalPrognosis, an innovative, alignment-free solution that predicts disease-associated mutations within metal-binding sites of metalloproteins with heightened precision. Rather than relying on manual feature extraction, MetalPrognosis employs sliding window sequences as input, extracting deep semantic insights from pre-trained protein language models. These insights are then incorporated into a convolutional neural network, facilitating the derivation of intricate features. Comparative evaluations show MetalPrognosis outperforms leading methodologies like MCCNN and PolyPhen-2 across various metalloprotein test sets. Furthermore, an ablation study reiterates the effectiveness of our model architecture. To facilitate public use, we have made the datasets, source codes, and trained models for MetalPrognosis online available athttp://metalprognosis.unimelb-biotools.cloud.edu.au/.