bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting animal abundance through local ecological knowledge: An internal validation using consensus analysis
Authors: Braga‐Pereira Franciany , Mayor Pedro , Morcatty Thais Q. , Pérez‐Peña Pedro E. , Bowler Mark T. , de Mattos Vieira Marina A. R. , Alves Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega , Fa Julia E. , Peres Carlos A. , Tavares Aline S. , Mere‐Roncal Carla , González‐Crespo Carlos , Bertsch Carolina , Rodriguez Claudia Ramos , Bardales‐Alvites Claudio , von Muhlen Eduardo , Paim Fernanda Pozzan , Tamayo Jhancy Segura , Valsecchi João , Gonçalves Jonas , Torres‐Oyarce Leon , Lemos Lísley Pereira , Gilmore Michael P. , Correa Miguel Antúnez , Perez Natalia Carolina Angulo , Puertas Pablo , El Bizri Hani R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Given the ongoing environmental degradation from local to global scales, it is fundamental to develop more efficient means of gathering data on species and ecosystems. Local ecological knowledge, in which local communities can consistently provide information on the status of animal species over time, has been shown to be effective. Several studies demonstrate that data gathered using local ecological knowledge (LEK)‐based methods are comparable with data obtained from conventional methods (such as line transects and camera traps).

Here, we employ a consensus analysis to validate and evaluate the accuracy of interview data on LEK. Additionally, we investigate the influence of social and bioecological variables on enhancing data quality. We interviewed 323 persons in 19 villages in the Western and Central Amazon to determine the level of consensus on the abundance of hunted and non‐hunted forest species. These villages varied in size, socio‐economic characteristics and in the experience with wildlife of their dwellers. Interviewees estimated the relative abundance of 101 species with a broad spectrum of bioecological characteristics using a four‐point Likert scale.

High consensus was found for species population abundance in all sampled villages and for 79.6% of interviewees. The village consensus of all species abundance pooled was negatively correlated with village population size. The consensus level was high regardless of the interviewees' hunting experience. Species that are more frequently hunted or are more apparent had greater consensus values; only two species presented a low consensus level, which are rare and solitary species.

We show in our study in the Amazon that information gathered by local peoples, Indigenous as well as non‐Indigenous, can be useful in understanding the status of animal species found within their environment. The high level of cultural consensus we describe likely arises from knowledge sharing and the strong connection between the persons interviewed and the forest. We suggest that consensus analysis can be used to validate LEK‐generated data instead of comparing these types of data with information obtained by conventional methods.

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Fabrication and investigation of graphene‐loaded triiron tetraoxide/silicone‐rubber electromagnetic shielding composites based on static magnetic‐field–induced orientation
Authors: Guo Jiaxing , Zhou Qin , Xie Jikai , Yin Hong , Hao Zhi , Luo Zhu , Yang Le , Zhang Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGraphene‐loaded triiron tetraoxide/silicone‐rubber composites containing highly loaded graphene‐loaded Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@RGO) particles were fabricated using static magnetic field‐induced alignment. The Fe3O4@RGO particles were characterized through Fourier transform infrared, x‐ray diffraction, SEM, and XPS analyses. Subsequently, the influence of added material and the strength of the magnetic field on the alignment distribution of the filler were examined through a synergistic combination of SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites were assessed. The electrical conductivity of the composites increased with increasing filler addition, the 25 wt% filler mixture had the fastest curing rate and the maximum torque, and the continued increase in filler addition led to the occurrence of many defects. Concurrently, the alignment distribution of the filler progressively enhances with the augmentation of magnetic field strength. The composites synthesized at 180 mT exhibit the most substantial alignment, facilitating the establishment of effective conductive pathways. This results in a notable enhancement in electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, approximately 400% greater than that of pure silicone rubber and around 40% higher than that of non‐aligned composites. This approach introduces a novel concept for shaping the structural design of flexible electromagnetic shielding materials.Highlights
Highly loaded Fe3O4@RGO was prepared by self‐assembly.
The continuous phase structure of Fe3O4@RGO oriented was assessed.
Fully oriented Fe3O4@RGO promotes the formation of conductive pathways.
Fully oriented Fe3O4@RGO reduced the SER by 13% and increased the SEA by 67%.
The melon Fom‐1–Prv resistance gene pair: Correlated spatial expression and interaction with a viral protein
Authors: Normantovich Michael , Amitzur Arie , Offri Sharon , Pashkovsky Ekaterina , Shnaider Yula , Nizan Shahar , Yogev Ohad , Jacob Avi , Taylor Christopher G. , Desbiez Cécile , Whitham Steven A. , Bar‐Ziv Amalia , Perl‐Treves Rafael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe head‐to‐head oriented pair of melon resistance genes, Fom‐1 and Prv, control resistance to Fusarium oxysporum races 0 and 2 and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), respectively. They encode, via several RNA splice variants, TIR‐NBS‐LRR proteins, and Prv has a C‐terminal extra domain with a second NBS homologous sequence. In other systems, paired R‐proteins were shown to operate by “labor division,” with one protein having an extra integrated domain that directly binds the pathogen's Avr factor, and the second protein executing the defense response. We report that the expression of the two genes in two pairs of near‐isogenic lines was higher in the resistant isoline and inducible by F. oxysporum race 2 but not by PRSV. The intergenic DNA region separating the coding sequences of the two genes acted as a bi‐directional promoter and drove GUS expression in transgenic melon roots and transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of both genes was strong in melon root tips, around the root vascular cylinder, and the phloem and xylem parenchyma of tobacco stems and petioles. The pattern of GUS expression suggests coordinated expression of the two genes. In agreement with the above model, Prv's extra domain was shown to interact with the cylindrical inclusion protein of PRSV both in yeast cells and in planta.
The effects of biological crowders on fibrillization, structure, diffusion, and conformational dynamics of α‐synuclein
Authors: Heravi Sina , Power Jude Vincent Dobbin , Yethiraj Anand , Booth Valerie 
Published: February 2024

Abstractα‐synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) whose aggregation in presynaptic neuronal cells is a pathological hallmark of Lewy body formation and Parkinson's disease. This aggregation process is likely affected by the crowded macromolecular cellular environment. In this study, α‐synuclein was studied in the presence of both a synthetic crowder, Ficoll70, and a biological crowder composed of lysed cells that better mimics the biocomplexity of the cellular environment. 15N‐1H HSQC NMR results show similar α‐synuclein chemical shifts in non‐crowded and all crowded conditions implying that it remains similarly unstructured in all conditions. Nevertheless, both HSQC NMR and fluorescence measurements indicate that, only in the cell lysate, α‐synuclein forms aggregates over a timescale of 48 h. 15N‐edited diffusion measurements indicate that all crowders slow down the α‐synuclein's diffusivity. Interestingly, at high concentrations, α‐synuclein diffuses faster in cell lysate than in Ficoll70, possibly due to additional soft (e.g., electrostatic or hydrophobic) interactions. 15N‐edited relaxation measurements show that some residues are more mobile in cell lysate than in Ficoll70; the rates that are most different are predominantly in hydrophobic residues. We thus examined cell lysates with reduced hydrophobicity and found slower dynamics (higher relaxation rates) in several α‐synuclein residues. Taken together, these experiments suggest that while cell lysate does not substantially affect α‐synuclein structure (HSQC spectra), it does affect chain dynamics and translational diffusion, and strongly affects aggregation over a timescale of days, in a manner that is different from either no crowder or an artificial crowder: soft hydrophobic interactions are implicated.
Toward physics‐based precision medicine: Exploiting protein dynamics to design new therapeutics and interpret variants
Authors: Meller Artur , Kelly Devin , Smith Louis G. , Bowman Gregory R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe goal of precision medicine is to utilize our knowledge of the molecular causes of disease to better diagnose and treat patients. However, there is a substantial mismatch between the small number of food and drug administration (FDA)‐approved drugs and annotated coding variants compared to the needs of precision medicine. This review introduces the concept of physics‐based precision medicine, a scalable framework that promises to improve our understanding of sequence–function relationships and accelerate drug discovery. We show that accounting for the ensemble of structures a protein adopts in solution with computer simulations overcomes many of the limitations imposed by assuming a single protein structure. We highlight studies of protein dynamics and recent methods for the analysis of structural ensembles. These studies demonstrate that differences in conformational distributions predict functional differences within protein families and between variants. Thanks to new computational tools that are providing unprecedented access to protein structural ensembles, this insight may enable accurate predictions of variant pathogenicity for entire libraries of variants. We further show that explicitly accounting for protein ensembles, with methods like alchemical free energy calculations or docking to Markov state models, can uncover novel lead compounds. To conclude, we demonstrate that cryptic pockets, or cavities absent in experimental structures, provide an avenue to target proteins that are currently considered undruggable. Taken together, our review provides a roadmap for the field of protein science to accelerate precision medicine.
Design, synthesis, antibacterial evaluation of isopropylamine linked with different substituted phenol and piperazine novel derivatives
Authors: Wang Wen‐Hang , Li Zhu‐Rui , Zhu Dan‐Xue , Chen Jia‐Yi , Zhou Yue , Li Cheng‐Peng , Shao Li‐Hui , Qiu Xue‐Mei , Zhu Mei , Long Hai‐Tao , Chen Dan‐Ping , Ouyang Gui‐Ping , Rong Zi‐Qiang , Wang Zhen‐Chao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is often considered one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens causing bacterial leaf blight (BLB), resulting in significant yield and cost losses in rice. In this study, a series of novel derivatives containing the isopropanolamine moiety linked to various substituted phenols and piperazines were designed, synthesized and screened.RESULTSAntibacterial activity results showed that most compounds had good inhibitory effects on Xoo, among which compound W2 (EC50 = 2.74 μg mL−1) exhibited the most excellent inhibitory activity, and W2 also had a certain curative effect (35.89%) on rice compared to thiodiazole copper (TC) (21.57%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that compound W2 could cause rupture of the Xoo cell membrane. Subsequently, proteomics and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed that compound W2 affected the physiological processes of Xoo and may exert antibacterial activity by targeting the two‐component system pathway. Interestingly, W2 upregulated Xoo's methyltransferase to impact on its pathogenicity.CONCLUSIONThe present study offers a promising phenolic‐piperazine‐sopropanolamine compound as an innovative antibacterial strategy by specifically targeting the two‐component system pathway and inducing upregulation of methyltransferase to effectively impact Xoo's pathogenicity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, synthesis and bioactivity of a new class of antifungal amino acid‐directed phthalide compounds
Authors: Wang Meizi , Li Guangyao , Zhou Lin , Hao Youwu , Wang Longfei , Mao Xuewei , Zhang Guoyan , Zhao Chenxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeanut southern blight disease, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, is a destructive soil‐borne fungal disease. The current control measures, which mainly employ succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, are prone to resistance and toxicity to non‐target organisms. As a result, it is necessary to explore the potential of eco‐friendly fungicides for this disease.RESULTSFourteen novel phthalide compounds incorporating amino acid moieties were designed and synthesized. The in vitro activity of analog A1 [half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 332.21 mg L−1] was slightly lower than that of polyoxin (EC50 = 284.32 mg L−1). It was observed that on the seventh day, the curative activity of A1 at a concentration of 600.00 mg L−1 was 57.75%, while the curative activity of polyoxin at a concentration of 300.00 mg L−1 was 42.55%. These results suggested that our compound exhibited in vivo activity. Peanut plants treated with A1 showed significant agronomic improvements compared to the untreated control. Several compounds in this series exhibited superior root absorption and conduction in comparison to the endothermic fungicide thifluzamide. The growth promotion and absorption‐conduction experiments demonstrated the reason for the superior in vivo activity of the target compound. Cytotoxic assays have demonstrated that this series of targeted compounds exhibit low toxicity levels toward human lo2 liver cells.CONCLUSIONOur results provide a new strategy for the design and synthesis of novel green compounds. Furthermore, the target compound A1 can serve as a lead for further development of green fungicides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gyroscopic precession control for maneuvering two‐wheeled robot recoil stabilization
Authors: Çetin Gökhan , Ünker Faruk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA two‐wheeled robot has high maneuverability and can spin around with a high velocity but is prone to roll over under a recoil force. Because the wheels are only used to control the maneuver speed of the robot. However, a two‐wheeled robot using a gyroscope does not need the control of the wheels and can maintain the stability of the robot under a recoil force during maneuvers even if the gimbal of the gyroscope is not controlled by a torque. In this study, the equations of motion of the gyroscopic robot are derived via Lagrangian equations, and the balancing performance of the uncontrolled gyroscope is simulated via Matlab to determine a desired configuration for mechatronics system design. Then, a linear‐quadratic regulator (LQR) is implemented to the chosen control moment gyroscope (CMG) configuration and compared in simulations of RecurDyn. LQR controller was used to prevent oscillating motions of double CMGs under the recoil force of a weapon. The simulation results showed that the gyroscopic two‐wheeled robot is improved using an LQR controller and powerfully balanced in static with excellent performance.
Production of hydrogen via water oxidation using mesoporous‐assembled SiO2@TiN nanocomposite electrocatalyst
Authors: Alothman Asma A. , Shah Syed Imran Abbas , Abid Abdul Ghafoor , Nisa Mehar Un , Bibi Nasreen , Jabbour Karam , Anwar Muhammad Imran , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad , Manzoor Sumaira 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the promising approaches for the production of molecular hydrogen as well as to meet the clean and sustainable energy demand of the modern world. However, the key task for the research communities is to design a cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalyst to contribute positively to recent world crises. This study presents a novel SiO2@TiN nanocomposite and utilize it for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as an electrocatalysts. The different techniques use for the characterization of SiO2@TiN nanocomposite. The electrochemical investigations encompass linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which collectively yield critical parameters for assessing electrocatalytic performance. At a current density of 10 mAcm−2 the SiO2@TiN nanocomposite has a substantially lower overpotential of 256 mV compared to pure SiO2 and TiN. The composite also shows smaller tafel slope of 40 mV dec−1 as well as lower overpotential. The SiO2@TiN nanocomposite also demonstrates the enhanced redox activity as a result of its synergistic effect. Consequently, the increased electrical conductivity of TiN facilitates the attachment of metal oxides and more active sites are exposed to improve the OER activity of the fabricated materials.
Subclinical thiamine deficiency results in failed reproduction in Arctic foxes
Authors: Jackson Craig , Furnes Marianne , Rød‐Eriksen Lars , Yap Kang Nian , Davey Marie , Fossøy Frode , Flagstad Øystein , Eide Nina E. , Mjøen Toralf , Ulvund Kristine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThiamine deficiency can result in life‐threatening physiological and neurological complications. While a thiamine‐deficient diet may result in the onset of such symptoms, the presence of thiaminase – an enzyme that breaks down thiamine – is very often the cause. In such instances, thiaminase counteracts the bioavailability and uptake of thiamine, even when food‐thiamine levels are adequate. Here, we report on a case of failed reproduction in seven Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) breeding pairs kept at a captive breeding facility, including the presentation of severe thiamine deficiency symptoms in two male foxes. Symptoms included ataxia, obtundation, truncal sway, star‐gazing and visual impairment. Blood tests were inconclusive, yet symptoms resolved following treatment with a series of thiamine hydrochloride injections, thereby verifying the diagnosis. A fish‐dominated feed, which for the first time had been frozen for a prolonged period, was identified as the likely source of thiaminase and subsequent deterioration in the animals’ health. Symptoms in the two males arose during the annual mating period. All seven breeding pairs at the captive breeding station failed to reproduce – a phenomenon never recorded during the captive breeding facility's preceding 17‐year operation. Relating our findings to peer‐reviewed literature, the second part of this case report assesses how thiamine deficiency (due to thiaminase activity) likely resulted in subclinical effects that impaired the production of reproduction hormones, and thereby led to a complete breeding failure. While previous work has highlighted the potentially lethal effects of thiamine deficiency in farmed foxes, this is, to our knowledge the first study showing how subclinical effects in both males and females may inhibit reproduction in foxes in general, but specifically Arctic foxes. The findings from our case report are not only relevant for captive breeding facilities, but for the welfare and management of captive carnivorous animals in general.
Reactions of Dichloroacetyl Fluoride in Superacidic Media
Authors: Steiner Sebastian , Nitzer Alexander , Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDichloroacetyl fluoride was investigated in the superacids HF/MF5 and DF/MF5 (M=As, Sb). The O‐hemiprotonated species of dichloroacetyl fluoride is formed in the binary superacidic systems HF/MF5 and DF/MF5 (M=As, Sb) as hexafluoridoarsenates and hexafluoridoantimonates. With an excess of the strong Lewis acid SbF5 dichloroacetyl fluoride reacts under the formation of the oxonium salt [CCl2HCF2OX2][SbF6] in the superacidic system XF/SbF5 (X=H, D) after HF‐ or DF‐addition, respectively. The colorless salts were characterized by low‐temperature vibrational spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. [CCl2HC(OH)F][(CCl2HCOF)2H][SbF6][Sb2F11] and [CCl2HCF2OH2][SbF6] crystallize in the monoclinic space groups P21/c and P21/m, respectively, with two formula units per unit cell each. The crystal structure of the oxonium salt shows strong O(−H)⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds and strong F⋅⋅⋅F interactions. The experimental data are discussed together with quantum chemical calculations at the ωB97XD/aug‐cc‐pVTZ‐level of theory.
Global anomalies & bordism of non-supersymmetric strings
Authors: Basile Ivano , Debray Arun , Delgado Matilda , Montero Miguel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The three tachyon-free non-supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions provide a handle on quantum gravity away from the supersymmetric lamppost. However, they have not been shown to be fully consistent; although local anomalies cancel due to versions of the Green-Schwarz mechanism, there could be global anomalies, not cancelled by the Green-Schwarz mechanism, that could become fatal pathologies. We compute the twisted string bordism groups that control these anomalies via the Adams spectral sequence, showing that they vanish completely in two out of three cases (Sugimoto and SO(16)2) and showing a partial vanishing also in the third (Sagnotti 0’B model). We also compute lower-dimensional bordism groups of the non-supersymmetric string theories, which are of interest to the classification of branes in these theories via the Cobordism Conjecture. We propose a worldvolume content based on anomaly inflow for the SO(16)2 NS5-brane, and discuss subtleties related to the torsion part of the Bianchi identity. As a byproduct of our techniques and analysis, we also reprove that the outer ℤ2 automorphism swapping the two E8 factors in the supersymmetric heterotic string is also non-anomalous.
Towards a complete classification of 6D supergravities
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Loges Gregory J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The constraints arising from anomaly cancellation are particular strong for chiral theories in six dimensions. We make progress towards a complete classification of 6D supergravities with minimal supersymmetry and non-abelian gauge group. First, we generalize a previously known infinite class of anomaly-free theories which has 𝑇 ≫ 9 to essentially any semi-simple gauge group and infinitely many choices for hypermultiplets. The construction relies on having many decoupled sectors all selected from a list of four simple theories which we identify. Second, we use ideas from graph theory to rephrase the task of finding anomaly-free theories as constructing cliques in a certain multigraph. A branch-and-bound type algorithm is described which can be used to explicitly construct, in a 𝑇-independent way, anomaly-free theories with an arbitrary number of simple factors in the gauge group. We implement these ideas to generate an ensemble of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(107) irreducible cliques from which anomaly-free theories may be easily built, and as a special case obtain a complete list of 19,847 consistent theories for 𝑇 = 0, for which the maximal gauge group rank is 24. Modulo U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) simple factors and the new infinite families, we give a complete characterization of anomaly-free theories and show that the bound 𝑇 ≤ 273 is sharp.