bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IS
26
drives the dissemination of
bla
CTX-M
genes in an Ecuadorian community
Authors: Salinas Liseth , Cárdenas Paúl , Graham Jay P. , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

The rapid dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales, mainly
Escherichia coli
carrying
bla
CTX-M
genes, is a major public health concern due to its successful spread in hospital settings as well as among humans and animals in the community. We characterized ESBL-producing
E. coli
isolates from children and domestic animals in semirural communities of Ecuador to assess the contribution of horizontal gene transfer of the
bla
CTX-M
genes among
E. coli
isolates. From 20 selected
E. coli
isolates (from children and domestic animals) harboring
bla
CTX-M
allelic variants, we identified 16 plasmids carrying
bla
CTX-M-55
(
n
= 9),
bla
CTX-M-65
(
n
= 5), and
bla
CTX-M-27
(
n
= 2), as well as four chromosomes carrying
bla
CTX-M-65
. The backbone structure of plasmids, including replication, maintenance, and plasmid transfer genes, and the synteny was conserved in all plasmids carrying the same
bla
CTX-M
allelic variant. In all plasmids and chromosomes, the
bla
CTX-M
genes were bracketed by two IS
26
transposable elements. This study highlights the critical role of the IS
26
transposable element for the current mobility of
bla
CTX-M
genes among plasmids or from plasmids to chromosomes, suggesting that IS
26-bla
CTX-M
brackets could be used to study
bla
CTX-M
transmission between humans, domestic animals, and the environment.

IMPORTANCE

The horizontal gene transfer events are the major contributors to the current spread of CTX-M-encoding genes, the most common extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and many clinically crucial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. This study presents evidence of the critical role of IS
26
transposable element for the mobility of
bla
CTX-M
gene among
Escherichia coli
isolates from children and domestic animals in the community. We suggest that the nucleotide sequences of IS
26
-
bla
CTX-M
could be used to study
bla
CTX-M
transmission between humans, domestic animals, and the environment, because understanding of the dissemination patterns of AMR genes is critical to implement effective measures to slow down the dissemination of these clinically important genes.
Effect of Raw Material on the Properties of LuAG:Cr4+ Ceramics
Authors: Lopukhin K. V. , Balashov V. V. , Kozlova S. M. , Kanaev A. Yu. , Efimov A. A. , Faikov P. P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Samples of Cr4+:LuAG ceramics have been synthesized using commercial and reprecipitated Lu2O3 powders. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of the reprecipitated Lu2O3 powder have been established, a dilatometric analysis of the ceramics has been carried out, and the effect of the initial Lu2O3 powder on the optical properties of the ceramics has been studied.
Dissipative Transport and Field Emission of Electrons in 2D Carbon Heterostructures with a Quantum Barrier
Authors: Yafarov R. K. , Shabunin N. O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe influence of the thickness of a tunnel-thin carbon layer depleted in charge carriers in an enriched noncrystalline carbon matrix on the non-dissipative transport and field emission of electrons is studied. It has been established that the “geometric” increase in the electron self-energy increases the transparency of potential barriers for non-dissipative transport in the heterostructure and at the solid–vacuum interface. It is shown that the introduction of a quantum barrier into the carbon matrix increases the transverse current and rectifying properties of heterostructures, increases the field current density and the steepness of the current–voltage characteristics.
Immunocompetent Mice As a Model for Preclinical Studies of mRNA Vaccine Immunogenicity
Authors: Shkurnikov M. Yu. , Tonevitskaya S. A. , Stepanova E. V. , Slobodov S. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Conducting preclinical studies of mRNA vaccines is complicated by the lack of relevant animal models of the human immune system. Immunocompetent mice are widely used in biomedical research. However, critical differences in the genetics and immune system of mice and humans prevent the study of unique human immune responses in mice. Within the framework of this work, the possibility of modeling the cytotoxic T-cell response to mRNA vaccines encoding the S-protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was investigated. High-affinity peptides from S-protein were analyzed for the most frequent allelic variants of human MHC-I, two immunocompetent mouse lines (C57BL/6, BALB/c) and an outbred mouse model of IRC. The results of computer modeling have shown that mouse models can be used in preclinical studies of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Mouse MHC-I is able to present virus peptides that are highly affine for human MHC-I. Moreover, the immunogenicity of some of them has already been confirmed by examining blood samples from patients who have had COVID-19.
Fetal single ventricle journey to first postnatal procedure: a multicentre UK cohort study
Authors: Lillitos Peter John , Nolan Oscar , Cave Daniel G W , Lomax Catherine , Barwick Shuba , Bentham James R , Seale Anna N 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesUK single ventricle (SV) palliation outcomes after first postnatal procedure (FPP) are well documented. However, survival determinants from fetal diagnosis to FPP are lacking. To better inform parental-fetal counselling, we examined factors favouring survival at two large UK centres.DesignRetrospective multicentre cohort study.SettingTwo UK congenital cardiac centres: Leeds and Birmingham.PatientsSV fetal diagnoses from 2015 to 2021.Main outcome measuresSurvival from fetal diagnosis with intention to treat (ITT) to birth and then FPP. Maternal, fetal and neonatal risk factors were assessed.ResultsThere were 666 fetal SV diagnoses with 414 (62%) ITT. Of ITT, 381 (92%) were live births and 337 (81%) underwent FPP. Survival (ITT) to FPP was notably reduced for severe Ebstein’s 14/22 (63.6%), unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect 32/45 (71%), indeterminate SV 3/4 (75%), mitral atresia 8/10 (80%) and hypoplastic left heart syndrome 127/156 (81.4%). Biventricular pathway was undertaken in five (1%). After multivariable adjustment, prenatal risk factors for mortality were increasing maternal age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.1), non-white ethnicity (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.8), extracardiac anomaly (OR 6.34, 95% CI 1.8 to 22.7) and hydrops (OR 7.39, 95% CI 1.2 to 45.1). Postnatally, prematurity was significantly associated with mortality (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.3 to 16.8).ConclusionsAround 20% of ITT fetuses diagnosed with SV will not reach FPP. Risk varies according to the cardiac lesion and is significantly influenced by the presence of an extracardiac anomaly, fetal hydrops, ethnicity, increasing maternal age and gestation at birth. These data highlight the need for fetal preprocedure data to be used in conjunction with procedural outcomes for fetal counselling.
Light exposure therapy for myopia control: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Zaabaar Ebenezer , Zhang Xiu Juan , Zhang Yuzhou , Bui Christine H. T. , Tang Fang Yao , Kam Ka Wai , Szeto Simon K. H. , Young Alvin L. , Wong Ian C. K. , Ip Patrick , Tham Clement C. , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Li Jia , Yam Jason C. 
Published: December 2023

AimsTo compare and rank the myopia control effects of different light wavelengths in children using a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (Bayesian NMA).MethodsThe review protocol was registered with PROSPERO. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE for relevant clinical and animal studies published as of 2 February 2023. We included studies comparing red, violet or full-spectrum light with controls. Data extracted included descriptive statistics and study outcomes (axial length (AL) elongation and progression of spherical equivalent (SE) refraction). After quality assessment, estimates of treatment effect outcomes (mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs) were first pooled for the animal and clinical studies in a traditional meta-analysis. To compare and rank the different light wavelengths, the Bayesian NMA was then conducted for all the included clinical studies (12 studies) and separately for only randomised controlled trials (8 studies). MDs, 95% credible intervals (CrIs) and ranks of the various light wavelengths were estimated in the Bayesian NMA.ResultsWhen all clinical studies were included in the Bayesian NMA (12 studies), only red-light significantly slowed AL elongation, MD (95% CrI), −0.38 mm (−0.59 mm to −0.16 mm)/year and SE refraction progression, 0.72D (0.35D to 1.10D)/year compared with controls. It remained the only significant intervention when effect sizes from only RCTs (eight studies) were separately combined, (−0.28 mm (−0.40 mm to −0.15 mm)/year and 0.57D (0.22D to 0.92D)/year, for AL and SE refraction, respectively).ConclusionMyopia control efficacy varied among different wavelengths of light, with red light ranked as the most effective.PROSPERO registration numberClinical studies: CRD42022368998; animal studies: CRD42022368671.
Protein biomarkers and alternatively methylated cell-free DNA detect early stage pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ben-Ami Roni , Wang Qiao-Li , Zhang Jinming , Supplee Julianna G , Fahrmann Johannes F , Lehmann-Werman Roni , Brais Lauren K , Nowak Jonathan , Yuan Chen , Loftus Maureen , Babic Ana , Irajizad Ehsan , Davidi Tal , Zick Aviad , Hubert Ayala , Neiman Daniel , Piyanzin Sheina , Gal-Rosenberg Ofer , Horn Amit , Shemer Ruth , Glaser Benjamin , Boos Natalia , Jajoo Kunal , Lee Linda , Clancy Thomas E , Rubinson Douglas A , Ng Kimmie , Chabot John A , Kastrinos Fay , Kluger Michael , Aguirre Andrew J , Jänne Pasi A , Bardeesy Nabeel , Stanger Ben , O'Hara Mark H , Till Jacob , Maitra Anirban , Carpenter Erica L , Bullock Andrea J , Genkinger Jeanine , Hanash Samir M , Paweletz Cloud P , Dor Yuval , Wolpin Brian M 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liquid biopsy approaches may facilitate detection of early stage PDAC when curative treatments can be employed.DesignTo assess circulating marker discrimination in training, testing and validation patient cohorts (total n=426 patients), plasma markers were measured among PDAC cases and patients with chronic pancreatitis, colorectal cancer (CRC), and healthy controls. Using CA19-9 as an anchor marker, measurements were made of two protein markers (TIMP1, LRG1) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) pancreas-specific methylation at 9 loci encompassing 61 CpG sites.ResultsComparative methylome analysis identified nine loci that were differentially methylated in exocrine pancreas DNA. In the training set (n=124 patients), cfDNA methylation markers distinguished PDAC from healthy and CRC controls. In the testing set of 86 early stage PDAC and 86 matched healthy controls, CA19-9 had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.94), which was increased by adding TIMP1 (AUC 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96; p=0.06), LRG1 (AUC 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96; p=0.02) or exocrine pancreas-specific cfDNA methylation markers at nine loci (AUC 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96; p=0.02). In the validation set of 40 early stage PDAC and 40 matched healthy controls, a combined panel including CA19-9, TIMP1 and a 9-loci cfDNA methylation panel had greater discrimination (AUC 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.95) than CA19-9 alone (AUC 0.82; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92).ConclusionA combined panel of circulating markers including proteins and methylated cfDNA increased discrimination compared with CA19-9 alone for early stage PDAC.
Targeting MMP9 in CTNNB1 mutant hepatocellular carcinoma restores CD8+T cell-mediated antitumour immunity and improves anti-PD-1 efficacy
Authors: Cai Ning , Cheng Kun , Ma Yue , Liu Sha , Tao Ran , Li Yani , Li Danfeng , Guo Bin , Jia Wenlong , Liang Huifang , Zhao Jianping , Xia Limin , Ding Ze-yang , Chen Jinhong , Zhang Wanguang 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe gain of function (GOF) CTNNB1 mutations (CTNNB1GOF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cause significant immune escape and resistance to anti-PD-1. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of CTNNB1GOFHCC-mediated immune escape and raise a new therapeutic strategy to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy in HCC.DesignRNA sequencing was performed to identify the key downstream genes of CTNNB1GOFassociated with immune escape. An in vitro coculture system, murine subcutaneous or orthotopic models, spontaneously tumourigenic models in conditional gene-knock-out mice and flow cytometry were used to explore the biological function of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in tumour progression and immune escape. Single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics were used to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of MMP9.ResultsMMP9 was significantly upregulated in CTNNB1GOFHCC. MMP9 suppressed infiltration and cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells, which was critical for CTNNB1GOFto drive the suppressive tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and anti-PD-1 resistance. Mechanistically, CTNNB1GOFdownregulated sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), resulting in promotion of β-catenin/lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D) complex formation that fostered the transcriptional activation of MMP9. The secretion of MMP9 from HCC mediated slingshot protein phosphatase 1 (SSH1) shedding from CD8+T cells, leading to the inhibition of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3)-mediated intracellular of G protein-coupled receptors signalling. Additionally, MMP9 blockade remodelled the TIME and potentiated the sensitivity of anti-PD-1 therapy in HCC.ConclusionsCTNNB1GOFinduces a suppressive TIME by activating secretion of MMP9. Targeting MMP9 reshapes TIME and potentiates anti-PD-1 efficacy in CTNNB1GOFHCC.
Adolescents at the skatepark: identifying design features and youth behaviours that pose risk for falls
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A. , Amir Maria , Corbett Michael R , Zolis Caroline , Russell Kelly 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundSkateboarding is an increasingly popular leisure activity for youth, yet injuries due to falls are common. This study aimed to identify the features at skateparks and tricks performed by youth that pose an increased risk of falls in skateboarders.MethodVideo recordings were unobtrusively taken at a large skatepark of youth designated as young (11–15 years) or old (16–20 years). Videos were coded to identify the popular skatepark features used and tricks performed, and to assign a fall severity outcome rating for each feature and each type of trick attempted.ResultsThe results identify features and tricks that pose increased risk of falling for youth at skateparks.ConclusionsImplications for injury prevention are discussed, including a consideration of environmental (skatepark design) and individual (youth behaviour) factors relevant to reducing skateboarding injuries due to falls among youth.
Estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of arterial stiffness and long-term all-cause mortality: a 10-year prospective study
Authors: Sun Jin , Wang Ning , Li Shengxiang , Li Man , Zhang Anhang , Qin Bangguo , Bao Qiligeer , Cheng Bokai , Cai Shuang , Wang Shuxia , Zhu Ping 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundTo assess the applicability of the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and all-cause mortality in the elderly population, and the mediating role of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).MethodsThis was a follow-up cohort study based on the cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling elderly. All participants in the study were included between September 2009 and June 2010, and the follow-up time was December 2020. Participants included 1862 Chinese community-dwelling elderly aged 60 years and above. Insulin resistance assessed by eGDR and arterial stiffness assessed by baPWV were the primary exposures of interest. Mortality, which was followed up until December 2020, was the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of eGDR with mortality. The mediating effect of baPWV in this association was assessed by mediation analysis.ResultsA total of 1826 participants with a mean age of 71.03 years old were included in the study. During the median follow-up of 10.75 years, 334 participants died. The adjusted HR comparing the highest versus the lowest eGDR quartile was 0.22 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.54; p<0.001) in the Cox proportional hazards model. The results of mediation analysis showed that baPWV had a significant mediation impact on the link between eGDR and all-cause mortality both as continuous or categorical variables.ConclusioneGDR is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in the elderly population. baPWV partially mediated the association of eGDR and long-term all-cause mortality as a mediator factor.
XTX101, a tumor-activated, Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody, demonstrates tumor-growth inhibition and tumor-selective pharmacodynamics in mouse models of cancer
Authors: Jenkins Kurt A , Park Miso , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Eskiocak Ugur , Johnson Parker , Guzman Wilson , McLaughlin Megan , Moore-Lai Deborah , O’Toole Caitlin , Liu Zhen , Nicholson Benjamin , Flesch Veronica , Qiu Huawei , Clackson Tim , O’Hagan Ronan C , Rodeck Ulrich , Karow Margaret , O’Neil Jennifer , Williams John C 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe clinical benefit of the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) ipilimumab has been well established but limited by immune-related adverse events, especially when ipilimumab is used in combination with anti-PD-(L)1 mAb therapy. To overcome these limitations, we have developed XTX101, a tumor-activated, Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 mAb.MethodsXTX101 consists of an anti-human CTLA-4 mAb covalently linked to masking peptides that block the complementarity-determining regions, thereby minimizing the mAb binding to CTLA-4. The masking peptides are designed to be released by proteases that are typically dysregulated within the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in activation of XTX101 intratumorally. Mutations within the Fc region of XTX101 were included to enhance affinity for FcγRIII, which is expected to enhance potency through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.ResultsBiophysical, biochemical, and cell-based assays demonstrate that the function of XTX101 depends on proteolytic activation. In human CTLA-4 transgenic mice, XTX101 monotherapy demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) including complete responses, increased intratumoral CD8+T cells, and regulatory T cell depletion within the TME while maintaining minimal pharmacodynamic effects in the periphery. XTX101 in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb treatment resulted in significant TGI and was well tolerated in mice. XTX101 was activated in primary human tumors across a range of tumor types including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer and lung cancer in an ex vivo assay system.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that XTX101 retains the full potency of an Fc-enhanced CTLA-4 antagonist within the TME while minimizing the activity in non-tumor tissue, supporting the further evaluation of XTX101 in clinical studies.
Relativistic constraints on 3N contact interactions
Authors: Nasoni Alessia , Filandri Elena , Girlanda Luca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the relativistic corrections to the leading order three-nucleon (3N) contact interactions. These boost corrections are derived first from the nonrelativistic reduction of covariant Lagrangians and later from the Poincaré algebra constraints on nonrelativistic theories. We show that in order to describe the 3N potential in reference frames other than the center-of-mass frame, the inclusion of five additional terms with fixed coefficients is required. These terms will be relevant in systems with mass number $$A>3$$

A
>
3

. How they will affect EFT calculations of binding energies and scattering observables in these systems should be investigated.
Utilizing SrSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>,Yb<sup>2+</sup> phosphor to achieve high hue rendering index and high hue stability
Authors: Tung Ha Thanh , Nguyen Thi Dieu An 
Published: December 2023

For white-light emitting diode (WLED) applications, a green-to-orange emission nitridosilicate-based phosphor is created. The observed wide-band radiation in the green-orange range is caused by Eu2+ and Yb2+ at the trap point of a doubly doped SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+,Yb2+ (SSON:Eu,Yb) nitridosilicate phosphor. The green-color radiation’s decay duration was measured to validate the energy transfer among activator ions. The co-doping various ratios’ influence of activator ions on luminescence features was investigated. The resulting phosphor’s radiation is a function of the activator ion concentrations and raising the Yb2+ concentration causes red-color radiation to dominate the green radiation. To generate white illumination, the resulting phosphor was coupled with an InGaN blue-LED chip having a pumping wavelength of 450 nm. Two stages were taken to achieve hue balance management. Initially, the green to orange proportion was tuned by varying the Eu2+ and Yb2+ ions’ concentrations. At the second stage, the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates were changed from [0.2805; 0.2014] to [0.4071; 03789] by raising the amount of phosphor powder used. White illumination produced under optimal conditions has a hue rendering indicator of 89. The designed single-stage dual-hue-releasing nitridosilicate phosphor and blue-LED chip displayed remarkable hue steadiness over a wideband of forward-bias currents (100 to 500 mA at 3 V).
Neuroenhancement Patentability and the Boundaries Conundrum in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Vecellio Segate Riccardo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Patent offices worldwide deny patentability to innovations which stand against the ordre public: does enhancement represent a value-laden societal threat? Patent offices also reject applications for therapeutical methods: when is enhancement also a therapeutical method? One specific class of enhancers, i.e. pharmaceutical neuroenhancers, is particularly complex in this respect: certain molecules can potentially function both as treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders and as recreational enhancers for non-patients’ brain. Hence, the present work advances the debate on enhancement patentability in two directions: ratione loci, by scrutinising China’s stances on enhancement’s safety and morality, compared to the most frequently explored Western jurisdictions, namely the EU and the US; and ratione materiae, by illuminating the porous bioethical boundaries between treatment and enhancement in the domain of neuropsychiatry. It challenges patent offices’ de facto regulatory role in defining and policing citizens’ access to neuroenhancing substances through misplaced or pseudo-scientific intellectual-property narratives of innovativeness and morale.
The crux of wildlife trafficking in Nepal
Authors: Gaire Asmita , Acharya Krishna Prasad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nepal is a biodiversity-rich country harboring endangered wildlife species. Despite commendable achievements in conserving charismatic wildlife species like the Tiger and Rhinoceros, Nepal is still a pivotal point for the illicit wildlife trade. In this perspective, we explore the current situation of wildlife poaching and smuggling, factors conducive to such activities, and present some minimum practitioner steps for what should be tried to prevent such a situation in Nepal.