bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industry’s Take on Challenges in the Agricultural Post-Harvesting Industry
Authors: Smith Logan , Bowen Matthew B. , Rezaei Niloofar , Mozaffar Fatemeh , Rahmanpour Mozhdeh , Das Runu Proma , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The food industry is continually facing challenges associated with food waste and losses, particularly with the rise in human population. One area of major food loses is processing, where food is transformed from its plant form to the consumer. Throughout this process, the food will undergo various manufacturing processes to transform it to a ready-to-eat food. During this process, there are significant losses experienced. This is mitigated by utilizing advanced technologies such as Industry 4.0 in food production and manufacturing facilities. However, industries such as agricultural post harvesting have traditionally lagged in Industry 4.0 implementation. There is a need to explore this gap to determine where it is occurring in the product lifecycle and propose solutions both industrially and academically. To study this, the pecan industry was used as a case study for determining industry needs. In this paper, survey data was collected from 53 industry members in the pecan harvesting and post-harvesting industry. In doing so, current and future challenges faced by the pecan processing industry are highlighted, as it relates to manufacturing. From this data, key challenge areas were identified, with an emphasis on three: (1) adding and maintaining moisture in products; (2) efficiency of shelling and cracking equipment; and (3) improving postprocessing practices. These challenges are measured against existing Industry 4.0 solutions to determine how they may be used to address the existing industry gaps.
Toward Artificial Empathy for Human-Centered Design: A Framework
Authors: Zhu Qihao , Luo Jianxi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early stages of the design process, designers explore opportunities by discovering unmet needs and developing innovative concepts as potential solutions. From a human-centered design perspective, designers must develop empathy with people to truly understand their needs. However, developing empathy is a complex and subjective process that relies heavily on the designer’s empathetic capability. Therefore, the development of empathetic understanding is intuitive, and the discovery of underlying needs is often serendipitous. This paper aims to provide insights from artificial intelligence research to indicate the future direction of AI-driven human-centered design, taking into account the essential role of empathy. Specifically, we conduct an interdisciplinary investigation of research areas such as data-driven user studies, empathetic understanding development, and artificial empathy. Based on this foundation, we discuss the role that artificial empathy can play in human-centered design and propose an artificial empathy framework for human-centered design. Building on the mechanisms behind empathy and insights from empathetic design research, the framework aims to break down the rather complex and subjective concept of empathy into components and modules that can potentially be modeled computationally. Furthermore, we discuss the expected benefits of developing such systems and identify current research gaps to encourage future research efforts.
Dynamics of the sedimentary bacterial communities in a plain river network: similar coalescence patterns with bacterioplankton communities driven by distinct assembly processes
Authors: Xu Sai , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xinyi , Gui Qiyao , Sun Fengbin , Zhang Yimin 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Riverine microorganisms are major players in driving biogeochemical cycling. The dynamics of hydrological conditions have been observed to influence the microbial communities in rivers, but their specific impacts on the coalescence patterns of the bacterial communities remain largely unexplored. In this study, we examined the dynamics of the sedimentary bacterial communities and their coalescence patterns with bacterioplankton communities in a plain river network under dynamic hydrological conditions. Our results revealed significant temporal variations in the diversity, structure, and taxonomic composition of the sedimentary bacterial communities across the wet, normal, and dry seasons (
P
< 0.01). Despite the varying hydrological conditions, similar coalescence patterns were observed between the sedimentary bacterial communities and bacterioplankton communities. The bacterial communities from the same habitat type showed higher proportions of overlapped species, and the coalescence was more prominent within the same medium (intra-medium) compared to that between different media (inter-medium). However, the proportions of stochasticity in community assembly were distinct during different hydrological conditions, with evidently increased stochasticity observed in the wet season compared with other seasons. These results implied that the similar coalescence patterns between the sedimentary bacterial communities and bacterioplankton communities were driven by distinct assembly processes. The results of this study expanded our understanding of microbial coalescence in a river network and might shed light on how microbial communities are assembled in river ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE
Microorganisms play important roles in driving the biogeochemical cycles within river ecosystems. It has been suggested that hydrologic conditions could influence microbial communities in rivers, but their specific effects on the behaviours of microbial coalescence have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the dynamics of sedimentary bacterial communities within a plain river network were analyzed by amplicon sequencing followed by several ecological models to uncover the underlying assembly processes. Additionally, a comparative analysis between bacterioplankton communities and sedimentary bacterial communities was performed to unveil their coalescence patterns. The results suggested that similar coalescence patterns between sedimentary bacterial and bacterioplankton communities were driven by distinct assembly processes under dynamic hydrological conditions. These findings enhanced our understanding of microbial diversity features within river ecosystems.
Development and validation of a next-generation sequencing assay with open-access analysis software for detecting resistance-associated mutations in CMV
Authors: Mallory Melanie A. , Hymas Weston C. , Simmon Keith E. , Pyne Michael T. , Stevenson Jeffery B. , Barker Adam P. , Hillyard David R. , Hanson Kimberly E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) resistance testing by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes. We developed and validated an amplicon-based Ion Torrent NGS assay to detect CMV resistance mutations in UL27, UL54, UL56, and UL97 and compared the results to standard Sanger sequencing. NGS primers were designed to generate 83 overlapping amplicons of four CMV genes (~10 kb encompassing 138 mutation sites). An open-access software plugin was developed to perform read alignment, call variants, and interpret drug resistance. Plasmids were tested to determine NGS error rate and minor variant limit of detection. NGS limit of detection was determined using the CMV WHO International Standard and quantified clinical specimens. Reproducibility was also assessed. After establishing quality control metrics, 185 patient specimens previously tested using Sanger were reanalyzed by NGS. The NGS assay had a low error rate (<0.05%) and high accuracy (95%) for detecting CMV-associated resistance mutations present at ≥5% in contrived mixed populations. Mutation sites were reproducibly sequenced with 40× coverage when plasma viral loads were ≥2.6 log IU/mL. NGS detected the same resistance-associated mutations identified by Sanger in 68/69 (98.6%) specimens. In 16 specimens, NGS detected 18 resistance mutations that Sanger failed to detect; 14 were low-frequency variants (<20%), and six would have changed the drug resistance interpretation. The NGS assay showed excellent agreement with Sanger and generated high-quality sequence from low viral load specimens. Additionally, the higher resolution and analytic sensitivity of NGS potentially enables earlier detection of antiviral resistance.
Gene duplication as a major force driving the genome expansion in some giant viruses
Authors: Machado Talita B. , Picorelli Agnello C. R. , de Azevedo Bruna L. , de Aquino Isabella L. M. , Queiroz Victória F. , Rodrigues Rodrigo A. L. , Araújo João Pessoa , Ullmann Leila S. , dos Santos Thiago M. , Marques Rafael E. , Guimarães Samuel L. , Andrade Ana Cláudia S. P. , Gularte Juliana S. , Demoliner Meriane , Filippi Micheli , Pereira Vyctoria M. A. G. , Spilki Fernando R. , Krupovic Mart , Aylward Frank O. , Del-Bem Luiz-Eduardo , Abrahão Jônatas S. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Giant viruses with their gigantic genomes are among the most intriguing components of the virosphere. How these viruses attained such giant genomes remains unclear, despite considerable efforts to understand this phenomenon. Here, we describe the discovery of cedratvirus pambiensis, an amoebal giant virus isolated in Brazil. Although the virion morphology and replication cycle of c. pambiensis are very similar to those described for other cedratviruses, whole genome sequencing revealed the largest cedratvirus genome ever described, with 623,564 base pairs and 842 predicted protein-coding genes (among them, 76 ORFans). Genome analysis has revealed an unprecedented number of paralogous genes, with ~73% of the c. pambiensis genome being composed of genes with two or more copies. Large families of functionally diverse paralogous genes included up to >70 copies and were distributed across the genome. The in-depth investigation of the mechanisms and origins of gene duplications revealed that both tandem-like duplications and distal transfer of syntenic blocks of genes contributed to the c. pambiensis genomic expansion. Finally, a comprehensive genome analysis of viruses from all known giant virus families suggested that gene duplication is one of the key mechanisms underlying genomic gigantism across the phylum
Nucleocytoviricota
. The expansion of viral genomes through successive duplications followed by subfunctionalization and exaptation of the paralogous gene copies may promote the adaptation of giant viruses to a variety of niches.

IMPORTANCE
Giant viruses are noteworthy not only due to their enormous particles but also because of their gigantic genomes. In this context, a fundamental question has persisted: how did these genomes evolve? Here we present the discovery of cedratvirus pambiensis, featuring the largest genome ever described for a cedratvirus. Our data suggest that the larger size of the genome can be attributed to an unprecedented number of duplicated genes. Further investigation of this phenomenon in other viruses has illuminated gene duplication as a key evolutionary mechanism driving genome expansion in diverse giant viruses. Although gene duplication has been described as a recurrent event in cellular organisms, our data highlights its potential as a pivotal event in the evolution of gigantic viral genomes.
Domoic Acid in Cultures of the Diatom Genus Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo in H. Peragallo & M. Peragallo, 1900 and in Bivalve Samples from the Russian Waters of the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Waters of Kamchatka
Authors: Stonik I. V. , Popov R. S. , Tsurpalo A. P. , Dmitrenok P. S. , Shchelkanov M. Yu. , Orlova T. Yu. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The content of a dangerous amnesic toxin, that is, domoic acid (DA), was determined in cultures of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia and in bivalve samples collected in the Russian waters of the Sea of Japan and off the Pacific coast of Kamchatka. For the first time, the presence of DA has been confirmed in cultures of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) G.R. Hasle, 1993 and P. delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden, 1928 from the Pacific coast of Kamchatka with the use of the competitive enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (cELISA). Relatively high concentrations of DA were recorded in the horse mussel Modiolus kurilensis F.R. Bernard, 1983 (2.92 mg/kg based on high-performance chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and 2.8 mg/kg based on cELISA) and in the Gray mussel Crenomytilus grayanus (0.07 mg/kg based on HPLC-MS and 0.2 mg/kg based on cELISA) collected in the Sea of Japan. It has been shown that for assessing relatively low concentrations of amnesiotoxin (less than 5 ng/mL in microalgal cultures and less than 0.05 mg/kg in mollusks) the cELISA assay is an alternative to HPLC, which does not allow one to detect DA in such samples.
Effect of exercise interventions on hospital length of stay and admissions during cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mizrahi David , Lai Jonathan King Lam , Wareing Hayley , Ren Yi , Li Tong , Swain Christopher T V , Smith David P , Adams Diana , Martiniuk Alexandra , David Michael 
Published: November 2023

Objective
To assess the effect of participating in an exercise intervention compared with no exercise during cancer treatment on the duration and frequency of hospital admissions.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro and Cochrane Central Registry of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Randomised studies published until August 2023 evaluating exercise interventions during chemotherapy, radiotherapy or stem cell transplant regimens, compared with usual care, and which assessed hospital admissions (length of stay and/or frequency of admissions).

Study appraisal and synthesis
Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. Meta-analyses were conducted by pooling the data using random-effects models.

Results
Of 3918 screened abstracts, 20 studies met inclusion criteria, including 2635 participants (1383 intervention and 1252 control). Twelve studies were conducted during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation regimens. There was a small effect size in a pooled analysis that found exercise during treatment reduced hospital length of stay by 1.40 days (95% CI: −2.26 to −0.54 days; low-quality evidence) and lowered the rate of hospital admission by 8% (difference in proportions=−0.08, 95% CI: −0.13 to −0.03, low-quality evidence) compared with usual care.

Conclusion
Exercise during cancer treatment can decrease hospital length of stay and admissions, although a small effect size and high heterogeneity limits the certainty. While exercise is factored into some multidisciplinary care plans, it could be included as standard practice for patients as cancer care pathways evolve.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of an exogenous thyrotoxicosis epidemic in prison
Authors: Pattarawongpaiboon Chidchanok , Srisawat Nattachai , Tungsanga Kriang , Champunot Ratapum , Somboonjun Jukrin , Srichomkwun Panudda 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAn outbreak of exogenous thyrotoxicosis is an uncommon cause of thyrotoxicosis. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of exogenous thyrotoxicosis and electrolyte imbalance in a prison during an outbreak of exogenous thyrotoxicosis in the Phitsanulok, Thailand prison.MethodsThis study collected cross-sectional data during an outbreak of thyrotoxicosis among inmates at Phitsanulok prison between 29 December 2019 and 17 January 2020. In the first phase, a total of 2815 prisoners were screened for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), potassium levels and pulse rate. In the second phase, samples from 490 male prisoners were collected for test on thyroid function, serum electrolytes and urine electrolytes. Thyroglobulin levels were also measured in patients with thyrotoxicosis. A questionnaire was used to obtain patient information about signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.ResultsThe prevalence of subclinical thyrotoxicosis was 78.1%. The pulse rate was significantly higher in the subclinical thyrotoxicosis group. Weight loss, palpitation, muscle weakness and fatigue were found predominantly in the subclinical thyrotoxicosis group. The prevalence of hypokalaemia was 38.4%; however, there was no difference between subclinical thyrotoxicosis and normal TSH. The mean magnesium levels were significantly lower in the subclinical thyrotoxicosis group. Patients with hypokalaemia mainly showed potassium loss through the kidneys. Almost all patients with suppressed TSH levels had low to normal thyroglobulin levels. In addition, the mean of calculated total step-up deiodinase activity in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis was lower than 30 nmol/s, which was an additional clue to confirm exogenous thyrotoxicosis. The frozen meat during the outbreak had higher levels of thyroid hormone compared with the control group.ConclusionsWith an outbreak of thyrotoxicosis, most likely due to exposure to exogenous thyroid hormone in frozen meat, our findings have raised awareness of nutritional problems in prison. The development of surveillance systems to prevent outbreaks is urgently needed.
Association between fluid overload and mortality in children with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime , Sierra-Zuñiga Marco Fidel , Salazar González María Paula , Lucena Natalia , Soares Lanziotti Vanessa , Agudelo Sergio 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundSepsis is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fluid resuscitation is among the most common interventions and is associated with fluid overload (FO) in some patients. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarise the available evidence on the association between FO and morbimortality in children with sepsis.MethodsA systematic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Google Scholar up to December 2022 (PROSPERO 408148), including studies in children with sepsis which reported more than 10% FO 24 hours after admission to intensive care. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, considering it absent if <25% and high if >75%. A sensitivity analysis was run to explore the impact of the methodological quality on the size of the effect. Mantel-Haenszel’s model of random effects was used for the analysis. The primary outcome was to determine the risk of mortality associated with FO and the secondary outcomes were the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and length of hospital stay associated with FO.ResultsA total of 9 studies (2312 patients) were included, all of which were observational. Children with FO had a higher mortality than patients without overload (46% vs 26%; OR 5.06; 95% CI 1.77 to 14.48; p<0.01). We found no association between %FO and the risk of MODS (OR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.13 to 7.12; p=0.98). Children with FO required MV more often (83% vs 47%; OR: 4.78; 95% CI 2.51 to 9.11; p<0.01) and had a longer hospital stay (8 days (RIQ 6.5–13.2) vs 7 days (RIQ 6.1–11.5); p<0.01).ConclusionIn children with sepsis, more than 10% FO 24 hours after intensive care admission is associated with higher mortality, the need for MV and length of hospital stay.
Feasibility and acceptability of mobile phone-based triage tool to identify discharged trauma patients in need of further care in Cameroon
Authors: Richardson Shannon , Oke Rasheedat , Mbianyor Mbiarikai A , Carvalho Melissa , Yakue Florentine , Essomba Frank , Mbuh Golda E , Chichom-Mefire Alain , Juillard Catherine , Christie Sabrinah Ariane 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLack of routine follow-up for trauma patients after hospital discharge likely contributes to high rates of injury-related complications in Cameroon. Mobile phone contact may facilitate timely follow-up and reduce disability for high-risk patients. A previous single-center study showed promising feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) triage, but generalizability remains unknown. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a postdischarge mHealth triage tool at four hospitals in Cameroon.MethodsTrauma patients from four Cameroonian hospitals were contacted at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months postdischarge. Program feasibility was assessed by calculating the proportion of successful contacts and overall cost. Odds of successful contact were compared using generalized estimating equations across patient socioeconomic status. Acceptability was assessed using a structured patient survey at 2 weeks and 6 months postdischarge.ResultsOf 3896 trauma patients, 59% were successfully contacted at 2 weeks postdischarge. Of these, 87% (1370/1587), 86% (1139/1330), and 90% (967/1069) were successfully reached at the 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month timepoints, respectively. The median cost per patient contact was US$3.17 (IQR 2.29–4.29). Higher socioeconomic status was independently associated with successful contact; rural poor patients were the least likely to be reached (adjusted OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.35). Almost all surveyed patients reported phone-based triage to be an acceptable follow-up method.ConclusionTelephone contact is a feasible and acceptable means to triage postdischarge trauma patients in Cameroon. While scaling an mHealth follow-up program has considerable potential to decrease injury morbidity in this setting, further research is needed to optimize inclusion of socioeconomically marginalized groups.Level of evidenceLevel III, prospective observational study.