bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, induced labor, and selected physiological and demographic variables
Authors: Claycomb Cynthia D. , Ryan Joseph J. , Miller Lori J. , Schnakenberg‐Ott Summer D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe investigated whether events associated with physiological maternal and fetal stress during the birth process were associated with diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alone or in combination with demographic variables. We gathered data through maternal responses to a 17‐item questionnaire. Sex, mother's educational level, mother's age at delivery, interval between the beginning of labor and birth, and presence or absence of complications during the delivery process accounted for 42% of the variance in the diagnostic (ADHD) category. The model correctly classified 87% of the non‐ADHD group (n = 90) and 48% of the children with ADHD (n = 40), for an overall correct classification rate of 75%. A differential effect for sex was indicated, but a low number of females in the diagnostic category limited meaningful analysis. Maternal age at delivery and maternal education level emerged as the strongest predictors, with the exception of sex, of ADHD in the full model. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
The identity of the sulfur‐containing phases present in cement clinker manufactured using a high sulfur petroleum coke fuel
Authors: Twomey C , Birkinshaw C , Breen S 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCement clinker produced using a high sulfur petroleum coke fuel has been analysed to determine the identity of the sulfate‐containing phases. Quantitative X‐ray diffraction methods were used in conjunction with extraction procedures to concentrate or extract the sulfate phases. The minerals of interest were anhydrite (CaSO4), aphthitalite (3K2SO4·Na2SO4), arcanite (K2SO4), calcium langbeinite (K2SO4·2CaSO4) and thenardite (Na2SO4). Overall sulfur content of the clinker increased in proportion with the amount of sulfur in the fuel. The clinker produced using the high sulfur fuel was found to contain a significantly increased concentration of aphthitalite but a reduced amount of thenardite. Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical predictions based on the Bogue formulae shows differences in respect of calcium langbeinite, which is not detected in the clinker, and thenardite, which is detected. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Solvent extraction and purification of sugars from hemicellulose hydrolysates using boronic acid carriers
Authors: John Griffin Gregory , Shu Li 
Published: April 2004

AbstractResearch was performed to determine whether it was technically feasible to use boronic acid extractants to purify and concentrate the sugars present in hemicellulose hydrolysates. Initially, five types of boronic acids (phenylboronic acid, 3,5‐dimethylphenylboronic acid, 4‐tert‐butylphenylboronic acid, trans‐β‐styreneboronic acid or naphthalene‐2‐boronic acid) dissolved in an organic diluent (Shellsol® 2046 or Exxal® 10) containing the quaternary amine Aliquat® 336 were tested for their ability to extract sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose and xylose) from a buffered, immiscible aqueous solution. Naphthalene‐2‐boronic acid was found to give the greatest extraction of xylose regardless of which diluent was used. Trials were then conducted to extract xylose and glucose from solutions derived from the dilute acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse and to then strip the loaded organic solutions using an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid. This produced a strip solution in which the xylose concentration had been increased over 7× that of the original hydrolysate while reducing the concentration of the undesirable acid‐soluble lignin by over 90%. Hence, this process can be exploited to produce high concentration xylose solutions suitable for direct fermentation. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a simple batch distillation process for treating wastes from metalworking industries
Authors: Cañizares P , García‐Gómez J , Martínez F , Rodrigo MA 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA simple batch distillation process for the treatment of two types of industrial waste generated in a metalworking factory has been evaluated. Both types of waste are oil‐in‐water emulsions composed of numerous compounds and each type has a high content of water‐soluble species. The water‐soluble nature of the wastes precludes the use of conventional treatment technologies, such as ultrafiltration or chemical emulsion breaking, since they need to be complemented with additional treatment processes that would probably increase the cost considerably. A simple characterization of the liquid–vapour equilibrium and a scale‐up study has demonstrated the applicability of this technology. The process allows 90% of the waste to be recovered as water, thus achieving the required quality limits for discharge into a municipal wastewater treatment plant. An approximate estimation of capital investment and operating costs for an existing case has shown the economic viability of this process. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of cobalt and nickel from acidic sulfate solutions using mixtures of di(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DP‐8R) and hydroxyoxime (ACORGA M5640)
Authors: Cerpa Arisbel , Alguacil Francisco José 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDP‐8R and ACORGA M5640 extractants diluted in Exxsol D100 were used to co‐extract cobalt and nickel from aqueous acidic sulfate media. The influences of equilibration time, temperature, equilibrium pH and reagent concentrations on the extraction of both metals have been studied. It was observed that both cobalt and nickel extraction are slightly sensitive to temperature but are pH dependent. Metal extraction equilibria are reached within about 5 min contact time. In addition, cobalt extraction depends on the extractant concentration in the organic phase. For a solution containing 0.5 g dm−3 each of cobalt and nickel and an initial pH of 4.1, conditions were established for the co‐extraction of both metals and selective stripping (with H2SO4) of cobalt and nickel. Using the appropriate reagent concentrations the yield (extraction stage) for both metals exceeded 90%, and stripping of cobalt and nickel was almost quantitative. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of the radiation‐inducible WAF1 promoter to drive iNOS gene therapy as a novel anti‐cancer treatment
Authors: Worthington Jenny , McCarthy Helen O. , Barrett Eimear , Adams Catherine , Robson Tracy , Hirst David G 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundInducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene therapy has been identified as a potential anti‐tumour strategy. A major problem common to most gene therapy strategies is targeting of treatment to the tumour volume. In this study we report on the use of the X‐ray‐inducible WAF1 promoter to achieve targeting of iNOS expression to the tumour volume.MethodsA WAF1/iNOS/liposome complex was injected directly into RIF‐1 and HT29 tumours in mice. A 4 Gy dose of X‐rays was applied to induce the WAF1 promoter followed, 8 h later, by treatment doses of 10 or 20 Gy. Tumour volume was measured, and growth curves plotted.ResultsIntra‐tumoural injection of WAF1/iNOS combined with a priming dose of X‐rays to induce the WAF1 promoter, followed by a treatment dose, resulted in sensitiser enhancement ratios of 2.0 and 1.3 in RIF‐1 and HT29 tumours, respectively, compared with radiation treatment alone. PCR analysis of organ tissue after intra‐tumoural injection of WAF1/iNOS showed that vector sequences were detected in all tissue tested; however, Western blot analysis revealed that iNOS protein levels were significantly increased only in tumour and the surrounding dermal tissue that had been exposed to the 4 Gy inducing dose.ConclusionsiNOS gene therapy in combination with an inducible promoter results in significant tumour cell radiosensitisation. The WAF1 promoter may be a good candidate for a gene therapy as it is silent in normal tissue yet can be induced by the tumour environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of “Alternative” C‐terminal amino acids on the formation of [b3 + 17 + Cat]+ products from metal cationized synthetic tetrapeptides
Authors: Anbalagan V. , Silva A. T. M. , Rajagopalachary S. , Bulleigh K. , Talaty E. R. , Van Stipdonk M. J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the dissociation patterns, and in particular the relative abundance of [b3 + 17 + Cat]+, for peptides with C‐termini designed to allow transfer of the —OH required to generate the product ion, but not necessarily as the most favored pathway. Working with the hypothesis that formation of a five‐membered ring intermediate, including intramolecular nucleophilic attack by a carbonyl oxygen atom, is an important mechanistic step, several model peptides with general sequence AcFGGX were synthesized, metal cationized by electrospray ionization and subjected to collision‐induced dissociation (CID). The amino acid at position X was one that either required a larger ring intermediate (β‐alanine, γ‐aminobutyric acid and ε‐amino‐n‐caproic acid to generate six‐, seven‐ or nine‐ membered rings, respectively) to transfer —OH, lacked a structural element required for nucleophilic attack (aminoethanol) or prohibited cyclization because of the inclusion of a rigid ring (p‐ and m‐aminobenzoic acid). For Ag+, Li+ and Na+ cationized peptides, our results show that amino acids requiring the adoption of larger ring intermediates suppressed the formation of [b3 + 17 + Cat]+, while amino acids that prohibit cyclization eliminated the reaction pathway completely. Formation of [b3 − 1 + Cat]+ from the alkali metal cationized versions was not a favorable process upon suppression or elimination of the [b3 + 17 + Cat]+ pathway: the loss of H2O to form [M − H2O + Cat]+ was instead the dominant dissociation reaction observed. Multiple‐stage dissociation experiments suggest that [M − H2O + Cat]+ is not [b4 − 1 + Cat]+ arising from the loss of H2O from the C‐terminus, but may instead be a species that forms via a mechanism involving the elimination of an oxygen atom from an amide group. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymnaea stagnalisand the development of neuroelectronic technologies
Authors: Birmingham John T. , Graham Dustin M. , Tauck David L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe recent development of techniques for stimulating and recording from individual neurons grown on semiconductor chips has ushered in a new era in the field of neuroelectronics. Using this approach to construct complex neural circuits on silicon from individual neurons will require improvements at the neuron/semiconductor interface and advances in controlling synaptogenesis. Although devices incorporating vertebrate neurons may be an ultimate goal, initial investigations using neurons from the pond snailLymnaea stagnalishave distinct advantages. Simple two‐cell networks connected by electrical synapses have already been reconstructed on semiconductor chips. Furthermore, considerable progress has been made in controlling the processes that underlie chemical synapse formation inLymnaea. Studies ofLymnaeaneural networks on silicon chips will lead to a deeper understanding of the long‐term dynamics of simple neural circuits and may provide the basis for reliable interfaces for new neuroprosthetic devices. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of α‐synuclein decreased viability and enhanced sensitivity to prostaglandin E2, hydrogen peroxide, and a nitric oxide donor in differentiated neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Prasad Judith E. , Kumar Bipin , Andreatta Cynthia , Nahreini Piruz , Hanson Amy J. , Yan Xiang Dong , Prasad Kedar N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIncreased accumulation of α‐synuclein is associated with certain neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). One mechanism of α‐synuclein‐induced toxicity involves increased oxidative stress. It was unknown whether neurons overexpressing α‐synuclein would exhibit increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1; a nitrous oxide donor). To study this, we developed a murine neuroblastoma (NB) cell line that overexpresses wild‐type human α‐synuclein (NBP2‐PN54) under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter using a retroviral vector. Human α‐synuclein mRNA and protein were readily detectable in NBP2‐PN54 cells. Results showed that differentiated NBP2‐PN54 cells exhibited decreased viability in comparison to differentiated vector (NBP2‐PN1) and parent (NBP2) control cells. These cells also exhibited increased sensitivity to PGE2, H2O2 and SIN‐1. Because of involvement of proteasome inhibition in neurodegeneration, we also investigated whether treatment of differentiated NBP2‐PN54 cells with PGE2, H2O2 or SIN‐1 inhibits proteasome activity. Results showed that H2O2 and SIN‐1 inhibited proteasome activity, but PGE2 did not. These results suggest that overexpression of α‐synuclein not only participates directly in degeneration of neurons, but it also increases the vulnerability of neurons to other potential neurotoxins. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and developmental expression of nonmuscle myosin IIA (Myh9) in the mammalian inner ear
Authors: Mhatre Anand N. , Li Jiang , Kim Yuil , Coling Donald E. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMYH9 encoding a nonmuscle myosin heavy chain has been linked to nonsyndromic and syndromic forms of autosomal dominant hereditary hearing loss, suggesting a critical biological role of this motor protein in the auditory organ. While Myh9 expression has been described in the adult mouse, critical parameters pertaining to its developmental expression remain to be characterized. The current study describes cloning of the mouse Myh9 cDNA and the temporal onset and spatial distribution of Myh9 expression in the inner ear of the developing fetus, the neonate, and the adult. The cloned Myh9 cDNA contained two single‐base‐pair differences from the published genomic sequence: T990C (G330G) and T5198A (L1733Q). Immunoblotting of embryonic (E15.5) and adult tissues from several organs, including the cochlea, identified a single 250‐kDa anti‐Myh9‐immunoreactive band, supporting an absence of Myh9 splice variants in the fetus and the adult. In situ expression analysis identified Myh9 distributed within the epithelial layer of the otic vesicle at E10.5. Myh9 expression was found to persist within the epithelia surrounding the cochlear duct at E13.5 and E16.5. The sensory cells of the developing cochlea were positive for Myh9 expression at E16.5. Within the neonate and the adult cochlea, Myh9 expression was observed within the sensory hair cells and the supporting hair cells of the organ of Corti, the spiral ligament, and the spiral limbus, but not in the stria vascularis. Identification of Myh9 in the developing and mature inner ear suggests a role for this protein in the development and maintenance of auditory function. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protection against ischemic brain damage in rats by immunophilin ligand GPI‐1046
Authors: Li Feng , Omori Nobuhiko , Hayashi Takeshi , Jin Guang , Sato Keiko , Nagano Isao , Shoji Mikio , Abe Koji 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTo determine the effect of immunophilin ligand GPI‐1046 on ischemic brain injury, 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was carried out in rat brains. In contrast to cases treated with vehicle, the infarct volume was reduced greatly and rotamase activity was inhibited significantly at 24 hr of reperfusion by treatment with GPI‐1046. Immunoreactivity and the number of cells stained positively for FKBP12, FKBP52, caspase‐8, cytochrome c, and caspase‐3 were also reduced markedly in the brain after GPI‐1046 treatment. The present results suggest that GPI‐1046 significantly decreased infarct volume and provided neuroprotective effect on rats after transient focal cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the increase of rotamase activity and of the number of FKBP12‐, FKBP52‐, caspase‐8‐, cytochrome c‐, and caspase‐3‐positive cells in the ischemic area. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of doublecortin expressing cells near the lateral ventricles in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Yang Helen K.C. , Sundholm‐Peters Nikki L. , Goings Gwendolyn E. , Walker Avery S. , Hyland Kenneth , Szele Francis G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDoublecortin (Dcx) is a microtubule‐associated protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts in the embryo and in the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). The adult SVZ contains neuroblasts that migrate in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulbs. We have examined the distribution and phenotype of Dcx‐positive cells in the adult mouse SVZ and surrounding regions. Chains of Dcx‐positive cells in the SVZ were distributed in a tight dorsal population contiguous with the RMS, with a separate ventral population comprised of discontinuous chains. Unexpectedly, Dcx‐positive cells were also found outside of the SVZ: dorsally in the corpus callosum, and ventrally in the nucleus accumbens, ventromedial striatum, ventrolateral septum, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Dcx‐positive cells outside the SVZ had the morphology of migrating cells, occurred as individual cells or in chain‐like clusters, and were more numerous anteriorly. Of the Dcx‐positive cells found outside of the SVZ, 47% expressed the immature neuronal protein class III β‐tubulin, 8% expressed NeuN, a marker of mature neurons. Dcx‐positive cells did not express molecules found in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or microglia. Structural and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that cells with the ultrastructural features of neuroblasts in the SVZ were Dcx+, and that clusters of neuroblasts emanated ventrally from the SVZ into the parenchyma. Our results suggest that the distribution of cells comprising the walls of the lateral ventricle are more heterogeneous than was thought previously, that SVZ cells may migrate dorsally and ventrally away from the SVZ, and that some emigrated cells express a neuronal phenotype. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exercise induces BDNF and synapsin I to specific hippocampal subfields
Authors: Vaynman Shoshanna , Ying Zhe , Gómez‐Pinilla Fernando 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTo assess the relationship between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synapsin I in the hippocampus during exercise, we employed a novel microsphere injection method to block the action of BDNF through its tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptor and subsequently measure the mRNA levels of synapsin I, using real‐time TaqMan RT‐PCR for RNA quantification. After establishing a causal link between BDNF and exercise‐induced synapsin I mRNA levels, we studied the exercise‐induced distribution of BDNF and synapsin I in the rodent hippocampus. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis revealed increases of BDNF and synapsin I in CA3 stratum lucidum and dentate gyrus, and synapsin I alone in CA1 stratum radiatum and stratum laconosum moleculare. These results indicate that exercise induces plasticity of select hippocampal transsynaptic circuitry, possibly comprising a spatial restriction on synapsin I regulation by BDNF. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calcium modulates dopamine potentiation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate Responses: Electrophysiological and imaging evidence
Authors: Liu J.C. , DeFazio R.A. , Espinosa‐Jeffrey A. , Cepeda C. , de Vellis J. , Levine M.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn the striatum, dopamine (DA) exerts a major modulatory influence on voltage‐ and ligand‐gated currents. Previously we have shown that DA modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission and that the direction of this modulation depends on, among other factors, the glutamate and DA receptor subtypes activated. These effects also involve DA‐induced alterations in voltage‐gated Ca2+ currents. In the present experiments, the effects of Ca2+ channel blockers on DA and D1 receptor‐dependent potentiation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) responses were examined in vitro in striatal slices using current clamp recording techniques. DA or D1 receptor agonists consistently enhanced NMDA responses. Cadmium and the more selective L‐type Ca2+ channel antagonists nifedipine and methoxyverapamil reduced the potentiation of NMDA responses by DA or D1 receptor activation. Furthermore, studies using Ca2+ imaging with Fluo‐3 in cultured cortical or dissociated striatal neurons demonstrated that DA and D1 agonists increased intracellular Ca2+ transients induced by NMDA. These as well as previous findings indicate that in striatal neurons at least two mechanisms contribute to the enhancement of NMDA responses by DA receptor activation, facilitation of voltage‐gated Ca2+ currents and D1 receptor activation of the cAMP‐protein kinase A cascade. The existence of multiple mechanisms leading to a similar outcome allows a certain degree of redundancy in the consequences of DA modulation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Co‐clustering of galactosylceramide and membrane proteins in oligodendrocyte membranes on interaction with polyvalent carbohydrate and prevention by an intact cytoskeleton
Authors: Boggs Joan M. , Wang Huimin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have shown previously that addition of liposomes containing the two major glycosphingolipids of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and cerebroside sulfate (CBS), to cultured oligodendrocytes (OLs) caused clustering of GalC on the extracellular surface and myelin basic protein (MBP) on the cytosolic surface to the same membrane domains. It also caused depolymerization of actin microfilaments and microtubules, indicating that interaction of the liposomes with the OL surface induces transmembrane signal transmission. We show that a multivalent form of galactose conjugated to bovine serum albumin has a similar effect as the multivalent GalC/CBS‐containing liposomes. Because GalC and CBS can interact with each other across apposed membranes and because anti‐GalC and anti‐CBS antibodies also cause redistribution of GalC/CBS and depolymerization of microtubules, we believe that the multivalent carbohydrate interacts with GalC and CBS in the OL membrane. Several myelin‐specific transmembrane proteins could be involved in this transmembrane signal transmission from GalC/CBS. We looked at co‐clustering of several myelin constituents by confocal microscopy to determine if they are located in or redistribute to GalC/MBP‐containing domains. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), proteolipid protein (PLP), MAPK, and some phosphotyrosine‐containing proteins were found to co‐cluster with GalC and MBP, but myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) and phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) did not. These results suggest that MOG and PLP, but probably not MAG, are possible candidates for transmembrane transmission of the signal received by GalC/CBS. To determine if depolymerization of actin microfilaments was required for co‐clustering, or was secondary to clustering, we stabilized F‐actin with jasplakinolide. This also prevented depolymerization of the microtubules and prevented clustering of all constituents, including GalC. The prevention of clustering or redistribution of these glycolipids and proteins by an intact cytoskeleton is consistent with the picket fence model. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of wall‐painting pigments from Feng Hui Tomb by Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Changsui , Yang Jinglong , Chen Lin , Feng Jian , Shi Mili 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe structures and components of different pigments from the Feng Hui tomb situated in Bin County, Shaanxi Province, dated in the Five Dynasties (907–960 AD), were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution electron microscopy (HREM). It is shown that the red, yellow and black samples are cinnabar, PbSO4–PbO and carbon black, respectively, and well preserved, which provide scientific data for later conservation. Moreover, the results indicate that HREM and Raman analysis are very effective for identifying ancient inorganic pigments at low concentrations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.