bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post bariatric surgery prurigo pigmentosa in an adolescent
Authors: Alenizi Dhaifallah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrurigo pigmentosa is an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by the presence of pruritic reticulated hyperpigmented papules or vesicles of the upper trunk. Previously, this condition was rarely encountered until the rise in popularity of weight reduction methods. Even with the increased prevalence, most affected patients are still adults. We present the case of an adolescent who was successfully treated with doxycycline and encouraged to resume eating.
Accurate bias estimation with applications to focused model selection
Authors: Dæhlen Ingrid , Hjort Nils Lid , Hobæk Haff Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe derive approximations to the bias and squared bias with errors of order where is the sample size. Our results hold for a large class of estimators, including quantiles, transformations of unbiased estimators, maximum likelihood estimators in (possibly) incorrectly specified models, and functions thereof. Furthermore, we use the approximations to derive estimators of the mean squared error (MSE) which are correct to order . Since the variance of many estimators is of order , this level of precision is needed for the MSE estimator to properly take the variance into account. We also formulate a new focused information criterion (FIC) for model selection based on the estimators of the squared bias. Lastly, we illustrate the methods on data containing the number of battle deaths in all major inter‐state wars between 1823 and the present day. The application illustrates the potentially large impact of using a less‐accurate estimator of the squared bias.
Vesiculation in irradiated and cation‐leaky‐stored red blood cells
Authors: Stevens‐Hernandez Christian J. , Gyorffy Gyongyver , Meli Athinoula , New Helen V. , Cardigan Rebecca , Bruce Lesley J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by red blood cells (RBCs) throughout their life‐span and also during hypothermic storage when they accumulate in the blood bag. We queried whether stored RBCs with increased cation permeability, either from donors with familial pseudohyperkalaemia (FP) or caused by irradiation, vesiculate more readily.Study Design and MethodsRecent technical advances have revealed at least two sub‐populations of MVs in RBC storage units: macrovesicles (2–6 μm) and microvesicles (1–2 μm). Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, imaging flow cytometry, and protein quantification methods, we measured and characterized vesicles released by RBCs from control and FP individuals at three different storage time‐points (day 4, day 17, and day 29). The RBCs had either been stored untreated or irradiated on either day 1 or day 14 of storage.ResultsWe found no difference in the number or size of vesicles released between cation‐leaky FP RBCs and non‐FP controls. Similarly, irradiated and non‐irradiated RBCs showed very similar patterns of vesicle release to during cold‐storage. The only significant difference in vesicle release was the increase in accumulated vesicles with length of storage time which has been reported previously.DiscussionEVs in stored blood are potential contributors to adverse transfusion reactions. The number of vesicles released during 35‐day hypothermic storage varies between donors and increases with storage duration. However, increased cation permeability and irradiation do not appear to affect vesicle formation during RBC cold‐storage.
Multidisciplinary management of a pregnancy complicated by Glanzmann thrombasthenia: A case report
Authors: Hernandez Matthew M. , Buckley Ayisha , Mills Ariana , Meislin Rachel , Cromwell Caroline , Bianco Angela , Strong Noel , Arinsburg Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of platelet glycoprotein IIb‐IIIa receptors. Pregnant patients with GT are at increased risk of maternal and fetal bleeding. There is a paucity of literature on the peripartum management of patients.Case DescriptionWe present the antepartum through the postpartum course of a patient with GT who was managed by a multidisciplinary approach that included communication across maternal‐fetal medicine, hematology, transfusion medicine, and anesthesiology services. In addition to routine prepartum obstetric imaging and hematologic laboratory studies, we proactively monitored the patient for anti‐platelet antibodies every 4–6 weeks to gauge the risk for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, we prioritized uterotonics, tranexamic acid, and transfusion of HLA‐matched platelets to manage bleeding for mother and fetus intrapartum through the postpartum periods.ConclusionTo date, there are limited guidelines for managing bleeding or preventing alloimmunization during pregnancy in patients with GT. Here, we present a complex case with aggressive management of bleeding prophylactically for the mother while serially monitoring both mother and fetus for peripartum bleeding risks and events. Moreover, future studies warrant continued evaluation of these approaches to mitigate increased bleeding risks in subsequent pregnancies.
Pete and the Missing Scissors: a primary literature-focused case study that highlights the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on splicing
Authors: Harrington Meagan , Lane April , Yencha Caroline , Kelly-Rajan Kiran , Ott Laura E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

This case study was designed to help students explore the molecular mechanisms of the spliceosome and how SARS-CoV-2 impacts host cell spliceosomal function while interpreting figures from primary literature (A. K. Banjeree, et al., Cell 183:1325–1339, e1–e10, 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.004
). “Pete and the Missing Scissors” was designed and implemented in the spring of 2022 and fall of 2022 in two large-enrollment (150+) introductory molecular biology courses at a large, public research institution. The case study was formatted in alignment with the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science (NCCSTS) framework, which has been shown to be an effective, student-centered approach to teaching complex biological concepts at the undergraduate level. The case study had four student learning objectives (SLOs) that aligned with Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy and required students to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of splicing and analyze and interpret a figure from primary literature. Both formative and summative assessment questions are included in this activity, with each question mapping to one of the case study SLOs. Summative assessment questions were given in a pre-/post-manner, and a paired
t
-test was used to evaluate differences between students’ pre- and post-assessment scores. Assessment results demonstrated that students in both courses mastered each of the SLOs of this case study, given the significant increase in post-assessment scores compared to the pre-assessment. These findings indicate that the “Pete and the Missing Scissors” case study is an effective approach to develop students’ understanding of the spliceosome, as well as ability to interpret figures from primary literature.
Performance evaluation of Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test for different diagnostic situations
Authors: Kuramitsu Madoka , Momose Haruka , Uchida Yuichiro , Ishitsuka Kenji , Kubota Ryuji , Tokunaga Masahito , Utsunomiya Atae , Umekita Kunihiko , Hashikura Yuuki , Nosaka Kisato , Koh Ki-Ryang , Nakamura Hitomi , Sagara Yasuko , Sobata Rieko , Satake Masahiro , Nagata Koh , Hasegawa Yuri , Sasaki Daisuke , Hasegawa Hiroo , Sato Tomoo , Yamano Yoshihisa , Hiraga Kou , Tezuka Kenta , Ikebe Emi , Matsuoka Sahoko , Okuma Kazu , Watanabe Toshiki , Miura Kiyonori , Hamaguchi Isao 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Antibody screening tests for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are performed based on methods such as chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and particle agglutination (PA). Espline HTLV-I/II, a commercially available, easy-to-use, and rapid immunochromatographic antibody test (IC), was developed for situations where expensive instruments and laboratory equipment are not available. In this report, we compared the performance of IC with the above existing tests using diverse samples derived from asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and patients with HTLV-1-associated diseases in collaboration with 11 Japanese institutes. We found that IC detected HTLV-1 infection in all samples from HTLV-1-associated diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, and HTLV-1 uveitis (200/200). The sensitivity of IC compared with CLIA, CLEIA, and PA was 99.2% (363/366), 100% (241/241), and 100% (47/47), respectively, and the specificity was 99.4% (994/1000), 100% (60/60), and 100% (40/40), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of IC were 99.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 99.12–99.92] and 99.5% (95% CI: 98.82–99.75), respectively. However, IC had difficulty in correctly judging samples that were diagnosed as seroreactive in other first screening tests but negative by a confirmatory test; for example, of 612 confirmed negative samples that were CLIA seroreactive, 332 samples were IC positive. These results confirmed that IC has sufficient sensitivity and specificity as a screening test for HTLV-1, although, like the other screening tests, it also requires a confirmatory test to determine HTLV-1 infection correctly.

IMPORTANCE
The World Health Organization estimated that 5–10 million people are infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This number is likely to be underestimated because reliable endemic data are available for only approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. The point-of-care test is a powerful tool for the easy and quick detection of infections without the requirement for expensive instruments and laboratory equipment. Espline HTLV-I/II, a newly developed rapid immunochromatographic antibody test that was evaluated in this study, might significantly advance our understanding of the global epidemiology of HTLV-1 infection.
Classification of patients with COVID-19 by blood RNA endotype: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshimura Jumpei , Togami Yuki , Ebihara Takeshi , Matsumoto Hisatake , Mitsuyama Yumi , Sugihara Fuminori , Hirata Haruhiko , Okuzaki Daisuke , Ogura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Although the development of vaccines has considerably reduced the severity of COVID-19, its incidence is still high. Hence, a targeted approach based on RNA endotypes of a population should be developed to help design biomarker-based therapies for COVID-19. We evaluated the major RNAs transcribed in blood cells during COVID-19 using PCR to further elucidate its pathogenesis and determine predictive phenotypes in COVID-19 patients. In a discovery cohort of 40 patients with COVID-19, 26,354 RNAs were measured on day 1 and day 7. Five RNAs associated with disease severity and prognosis were derived. In a validation cohort of 153 patients with COVID-19 treated in the intensive care unit, we focused on prolactin (PRL) and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), among RNAs that have a strong association with prognosis, and evaluated the accuracy for predicting survival of PRL-to-TL3 ratios (PRL/TLR3) with the areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). The validation cohort was divided into two groups based on the cut-off value in the ROC curve with the maximum AUC. The two groups were defined by high PRL/TLR3 (
n
= 47) and low PRL/TLR3 (
n
= 106), and the clinical outcomes were compared. In the validation cohort, the AUC for PRL/TLR3 was 0.79, showing superior prognostic ability compared to severity scores such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. The high PRL/TLR3 group had a significantly higher 28-day mortality than the low PRL/TLR3 group (17.0% vs 0.9%,
P
< 0.01). A new RNA endotype classified using high PRL/TLR3 was associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients.

IMPORTANCE
In this study, whole-blood RNAs (prolactin and toll-like receptor 3) involved in the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 were identified. The RNA endotypes classified by these important RNAs highlight the possibility of stratifying the COVID-19 patient population and the need for targeted therapy based on these phenotypes.
Characteristics and outcomes of neonates hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK by variant: a prospective national cohort study
Authors: Gale Chris , Sharkey Don , Fitzpatrick Kathryn E , Mactier Helen , Morelli Alessandra , Nakahara Mariko , Hurd Madeleine , Placzek Anna , Knight Marian , Ladhani Shamez N , Draper Elizabeth S , Doherty Cora , Quigley Maria A , Kurinczuk Jennifer J 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveNeonatal infection with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 is rare and good outcomes predominate. We investigated neonatal outcomes using national population-level data to describe the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.DesignProspective population-based cohort study.SettingNeonatal, paediatric and paediatric intensive care inpatient care settings in the UK.PatientsNeonates (first 28 days after birth) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who received inpatient care, March 2020 to April 2022. Neonates were identified through active national surveillance with linkage to national SARS-CoV-2 testing data, routinely recorded neonatal data, paediatric intensive care data and obstetric and perinatal mortality surveillance data.OutcomesPresenting signs, clinical course, severe disease requiring respiratory support are presented by the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in circulation at the time.Results344 neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection received inpatient care; breakdown by dominant variant: 146 wildtype, 123 alpha, 57 delta and 18 omicron. Overall, 44.7% (153/342) neonates required respiratory support; short-term outcomes were good with 93.6% (322/344) of neonates discharged home. Eleven neonates died: seven unrelated to SARS-CoV-2 infection, four were attributed to neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (case fatality 4/344, 1.2% 95% CI 0.3% to 3.0%) of which three were born preterm due to maternal COVID-19. More neonates were born very preterm (23/54) and required invasive ventilation (27/57) when delta variant was predominant, and all four SARS-CoV-2-related deaths occurred in this period.ConclusionsInpatient care for neonates with SARS-CoV-2 was uncommon. Although rare, severe neonatal illness was more common during the delta variant period, potentially reflecting more severe maternal disease and associated preterm birth.Trial registration numberISRCTN60033461.
Role of alcohol in urgent ambulance contacts in 15-24-year-olds in Copenhagen: a descriptive population-based study
Authors: Bruun Laura Staxen , Christensen Helle Collatz , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj Fasmer , Folke Fredrik , Kruckow Sofie , Pisinger Veronica , Smith Karen , Becker Ulrik , Tolstrup Janne 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to estimate the proportion of alcohol-related ambulance contacts and to describe characteristics of these contacts in young people.DesignA descriptive population-based study with alcohol-related ambulance contacts identified from free texts in prehospital medical records by a two-stepped approach; an automatic search for specific keywords followed by manual verification.SettingCopenhagen, Denmark.ParticipantsA random sample (n=26 600) of all ambulance contacts in 15–24-year-olds between 10 March 2015 and 1 November 2022.Main outcomes measureProportion and relative proportion (RP) of alcohol-related ambulance contacts.ResultsOf all ambulance contacts, 16% (n=4145) were alcohol related. Most alcohol-related contacts had acute alcohol intoxication (46%) as the primary cause followed by accident (23%). Alcohol-related contacts followed a clear circadian pattern with most contacts during night-time, peaking on Saturday and Sunday mornings between 03:00 and 04:00 hours with 59% and 55% of ambulance contacts being alcohol related. Compared with Mondays, the number of all ambulance contacts was 46% and 38% higher on Fridays and Saturdays, which was attributable to the large number of alcohol-related contacts. Alcohol-related contacts were more frequent in males compared with females (RP 1.46 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.55)) and equally frequent in 15–17- and 18–24-year-olds (RP 1.04, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.13).ConclusionA large proportion of ambulance dispatches in young people is attributable to excessive alcohol drinking, even among minors. This emphasises a need for preventive measures to reduce the harmful effects of binge drinking in youth and the impact on the healthcare system.
Prehospital identification of acute ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion: a retrospective study from western Norway
Authors: Leto Nedim , Bjørshol Conrad Arnfinn , Kurz Martin , Østerås Øyvind , Fromm Annette , Lindner Thomas Werner 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn 2019, the emergency medical services (EMS) covering the western Norway Regional Health Authority area implemented its version of the prehospital clinical criteria G-FAST (Gaze deviation, Facial palsy, Arm weakness, Visual loss, Speech disturbance) to detect acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). For patients with gaze deviation and at least one other G-FAST symptom, a primary stroke centre (PSC) may be bypassed and the patient taken directly to a comprehensive stroke centre (CSC) for rapid endovascular treatment (EVT) evaluation. The study aim was to investigate the efficacy of the G-FAST criteria for LVO patient selection and direct transfer to a CSC.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with code-red emergency medical communication centre (EMCC) stroke suspicion ambulance dispatch between August to December 2020. Stroke suspicion was defined as having at least one G-FAST symptom at EMS arrival. We obtained patient data from dispatches from EMCCs, EMS records and local EVT registries. Clinical features, CT images, and reperfusion treatment were recorded. The test characteristics for gaze deviation plus one other G-FAST symptom in detecting LVO were determined.ResultsAmong 643 patients, 59 were diagnosed with LVO at hospital arrival. In this group, seven fulfilled the G-FAST criteria for direct transport to a CSC at EMS arrival on scene, resulting in a sensitivity of 12% (95% CI 5% to 23%). The specificity was 99.66% (95% CI 98.77% to 99.96%), the positive predictive value 78%, and the negative predictive value 92%. EVT was performed in 64% (38/59) of LVO cases. Median time from PSC arrival to start of EVT at a CSC was 163 min.ConclusionThe use of local G-FAST prehospital criteria by EMS personnel to identify patients with AIS with LVO is not suitable for selection of patients with LVO for direct transfer to a CSC.
Spatial transcriptomics reveals a low extent of transcriptionally active hepatitis B virus integration in patients with HBsAg loss
Authors: Yu Xiaoqi , Gong Qiming , Yu Demin , Chen Yongyan , Jing Ying , Zoulim Fabien , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can integrate into the chromosomes of infected hepatocytes, contributing to the production of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and to hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to explore whether transcriptionally active HBV integration events spread throughout the liver tissue in different phases of chronic HBV infection, especially in patients with HBsAg loss.

Design
We constructed high-resolution spatial transcriptomes of liver biopsies containing 13 059 tissue spots from 18 patients with chronic HBV infection to analyse the occurrence and relative distribution of transcriptionally active viral integration events. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of HBsAg and HBV core antigen. Intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels were quantified by real-time qPCR.

Results

Spatial transcriptome sequencing identified the presence of 13 154 virus-host chimeric reads in 7.86% (1026 of 13 059) of liver tissue spots in all patients, including three patients with HBsAg loss. These HBV integration sites were randomly distributed on chromosomes and can localise in host genes involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, such as
ALB, CLU
and
APOB
. Patients who were receiving or had received antiviral treatment had a significantly lower percentage of viral integration-containing spots and significantly fewer chimeric reads than treatment-naïve patients. Intrahepatic cccDNA levels correlated well with viral integration events.

Conclusion
Transcriptionally active HBV integration occurred in chronically HBV-infected patients at different phases, including in patients with HBsAg loss. Antiviral treatment was associated with a decreased number and extent of transcriptionally active viral integrations, implying that early treatment intervention may further reduce the number of viral integration events.
Energetic costs of mounting an immune response in a coral reef damselfish (Pomacentrus amboinensis)
Authors: Levet Marie , Roche Dominique G. , Killen Shaun S. , Colosio Simona , Bshary Redouan , Miest Joanna J. , Binning Sandra A. 
Published: November 2023

While immune responses can be energetically costly, quantifying these costs is challenging. We tested the metabolic costs of immune activation in damselfish ( Pomacentrus amboinensis Bleeker, 1868) following a mass-adjusted injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. Fish were divided into eight treatments: two controls (handling and saline injection) and six LPS groups with concentrations ranging from 3 to 100 mg kg−1. We used intermittent flow respirometry to measure differences in oxygen uptake (delta ṀO2) 20 h before versus 20 h after LPS injection and changes in metabolic traits (lowest, routine, and peak metabolic rates) as proxies of the aerobic costs of metabolism. Spleen somatic index (SSI) and gene expression in spleens were measured to assess immune activation. We found no difference in metabolic traits or SSI but observed different nonlinear patterns of delta ṀO2 in fish exposed to 50 and 100 mg kg−1 LPS compared to lower doses and controls. Fish exposed to high doses of LPS also had lower residual aerobic scope compared to controls and lower LPS doses. Fish exposed to doses of 3, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 showed altered gene expression compared to the handling control. Overall, our results suggest that immune activation has measurable effects on metabolic traits that are both dose- and time-dependent.