bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Base isolation for near‐fault motions
Authors: Jangid R. S. , Kelly J. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree analytical studies of base‐isolated structures are carried out. First, six pairs of near‐fault motions oriented in directions parallel and normal to the fault were considered, and the average of the response spectra of these earthquake records was obtained. This study shows that in addition to pulse‐type displacements, these motions contain significant energy at high frequencies and that the real and pseudo‐velocity spectra are quite different.The second analysis modelled the response of a model of an isolated structure with a flexible superstructure to study the effect of isolation damping on the performance of different isolation systems under near‐fault motion. The results show that there exists a value of isolation system damping for which the superstructure acceleration for a given structural system attains a minimum value under near‐fault motion. Therefore, although increasing the bearing damping beyond a certain value may decrease the bearing displacement, it may transmit higher accelerations into the superstructure.Finally, the behaviour of four isolation systems subjected to the normal component of each of the near‐fault motions were studied, showing that EDF type isolation systems may be the optimum choice for the design of isolated structures in near‐fault locations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuro‐control of seismically excited steel structure through sensitivity evaluation scheme
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyawn , Lee In‐Won 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe neuro‐controller training algorithm based on cost function is applied to a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system; and a sensitivity evaluation algorithm replacing the emulator neural network is proposed. In conventional methods, the emulator neural network is used to evaluate the sensitivity of structural response to the control signal. To use the emulator, it should be trained to predict the dynamic response of the structure. Much of the time is usually spent on training of the emulator. In the proposed algorithm, however, it takes only one sampling time to obtain the sensitivity. Therefore, training time for the emulator is eliminated. As a result, only one neural network is used for the neuro‐control system. In the numerical example, the three‐storey building structure with linear and non‐linear stiffness is controlled by the trained neural network. The actuator dynamics and control time delay are considered in the simulation. Numerical examples show that the proposed control algorithm is valid in structural control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of human growth
Authors: Leigh Steven R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body mass and stature. Many human proportions change dramatically during ontogeny, as we reach sizes that are among the largest of living primates. Perhaps most obviously, humans grow for a long time, with the interval between birth and maturation exceeding that of all other primate species. These ontogenetic traits are as distinctive as other key derived human traits, such as a large brain and language. Ontogenetic adaptations are also linked to human social organization, particularly by necessitating high levels of parental investment during the first several years of life.
Real‐time classification performance and failure mode analysis of a physical/chemical sensor array and a probabilistic neural network
Authors: Hart Sean J. , Hammond Mark H. , Wong Jennifer T. , Wright Mark T. , Gottuk Daniel T. , Rose‐Pehrsson Susan L. , Williams Frederick W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe U.S. Navy program Damage Control‐Automation for Reduced Manning is focused on enhancing automation of ship functions and damage control systems. A key element of this objective is the improvement of current fire‐detection systems. An early warning fire‐detection system is being developed by properly processing the output from sensors that measure different physical and chemical parameters of a developing fire or from analyzing multiple aspects of a given sensor output (e.g., rate of change as well as absolute value). The classification and speed of the probabilistic neural network (PNN), deployed in real‐time, have been evaluated during a recent field test aboard the ex‐USS SHADWELL, the Advanced Damage Control Fire Research Platform of the Naval Research Laboratory. The real‐time performance is documented and as a result of optimization efforts, improvements in performance have been recognized. Early fire detection, while maintaining nuisance source immunity, has been demonstrated. A detailed examination of the PNN during fire testing has been undertaken. Using real and simulated data, a variety of scenarios (taken from recent field experiences) have been used or recreated for the purpose of understanding potential failure modes of the PNN in this application. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 244–258, 2001
Managing Contaminated Sites and the Role of Domestic and International Forums
Authors: Guerin Turlough F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDomestic and international cooperation in the field of contaminated‐site management has increased
dramatically in the past decade. The expected benefits of this cooperation include the reduction of duplication
in remediation efforts, the coordination of contaminated‐site research, improved synergy between various
stakeholders, enhanced policy development, and better information dissemination and technology transfer. This
article identifies and briefly discusses key domestic and international collaborations, partnerships, and
networks relating to contaminated‐site management and remediation. Also provided is information on how the
forums can be accessed. Common themes identified across the forums discussed in this article include
(1) the development and demonstration of innovative technologies, (2) the use of risk
assessment, (3) the use of toxicology, bioavailability, and ecotoxicity testing, and (4) the
increasing need to find holistic approaches for managing contaminated sites, such as guaranteed remediation
programs and transfer of environment liability, and the need for understanding implications of remediation
financing mechanisms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Reprinted from
Remediation Volume 12, Number
1.
Characterization of aroma‐impact compounds in cold‐pressed grapefruit oil using time–intensity GC–olfactometry and GC–MS
Authors: Lin Jianming , Rouseff Russell L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThirty‐eight aroma‐active compounds were detected in commercial cold‐pressed grapefruit oil using a time–intensity GC–olfactometry procedure. Identification of the aroma‐active components was based on the combination of sensory descriptors, linear retention index values from DB‐Wax and DB‐1 columns and GC–MS data. Thirteen flavour components, which had not been previously reported in grapefruit oil, were identified. Compounds with the greatest aroma intensities include: 1,8‐cineole, octanal, dodecanal, trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐(E)‐2‐decenal, β‐sinensal and nootkatone. The aroma activities of sulphur compounds such as 4‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanol and methional were surprisingly low and neither of the two putative grapefruit aroma impact compounds, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone and 1‐p‐menthene‐8‐thiol, was detected. Over 200 volatiles have been reported in grapefruit oil, but only 38 have significant aroma activity and 22 of these can be considered major aroma impact compounds. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Menthofurolactone: a new p‐menthane lactone in Mentha piperita L.: analysis, synthesis and olfactory properties
Authors: Frérot Eric , Bagnoud Alain , Vuilleumier Christine 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3,6‐Dimethyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐benzo[b]‐furan‐2(3H)‐one (= menthofurolactone), first reported as a by‐product in the oxidation of menthofuran and hitherto unknown in nature, is shown to be naturally occurring in Mentha piperita L. essential oil. In addition to a description of its synthesis and organoleptic properties, the key role of menthofurolactone in the flavour profile of peppermint oil is demonstrated by mint oil analysis and olfactory studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric flows in planar symmetric channels with large expansion ratio
Authors: Mishra Sanjay , Jayaraman K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA continuation method has been used with a finite element grid and a geometric perturbation to compute two successive symmetry breaking flow transitions with increasing Reynolds number in flow of generalized Newtonian fluids through a sudden planar expansion. With an expansion ratio of 16, the onset Reynolds number is particularly sensitive to small geometric asymmetry and the critical Reynolds numbers for the two successive flow transitions are found to be very close. These transitions are delayed to higher onset Reynolds numbers by increasing the degree of pseudoplasticity. This trend is observed experimentally as well in this work and may be attributed to the competing effects of shear thinning and inertia on the size of the corner vortex before the symmetry breaking flow transition. After the second transition with an expansion ratio of 16, the two large staggered vortices on opposite walls occupy most of the transverse dimension so that the core flow between the vortices appears as a thin jet oscillating along the flow direction. This is more pronounced for the pseudoplastic liquid. After the second transition, the degree of flow asymmetry at a given location downstream of the expansion plane is larger for the pseudoplastic liquid than for the Newtonian liquid at comparable Reynolds numbers. The last feature is also evident in the experimentally observed velocity profiles. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface triangulation for polygonal models based on CAD data
Authors: Ito Yasushi , Nakahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to the generation of unstructured surface meshes for Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) surface models represented as lists of polygons with minimum user interventions. Stereolithography (STL) data are adopted as an interface between a CAD system and the surface grid generator. STL files often include problems such as overlapping surfaces, gaps, and intersections. They have to be revised quickly and automatically before the surface models are used for the background grid of the surface grid generation. In this paper, we describe an automatic revision method for use with STL‐defined surface models. The advancing front method using geometric features is adopted directly on the modified STL surfaces. The capability of the method is demonstrated for several 3D surface models. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Similar patterns of genomic alterations characterize primary mediastinal large‐B‐cell lymphoma and diffuse large‐B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Palanisamy Nallasivam , Abou‐Elella Ashraf A. , Chaganti Seeta R. , Houldsworth Jane , Offit Kenneth , Louie Diane C. , Terayu‐Feldstein Julie , Cigudosa Juan C. , Rao Pulivarthi H. , Sanger Warren G. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Chaganti R.S.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo address the possible genetic relationship between primary mediastinal large‐B‐cell lymphoma (PMLBCL) and diffuse large‐B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we compared DNA copy number changes identified by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of 40 PMLBCL and 91 DLBCL tumors. We assessed their karyotypes by G‐banding; amplification of MYC, BCL2, and REL genes by Southern blotting; and incidence of nonpolymorphic BCL6 mutations by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP). Overall, CGH identified overlapping and nonoverlapping patterns of DNA copy number changes in the two groups. Among the latter changes, gains of chromosomes 8, 11, 15, and 16 and losses of chromosomes 5, 10, 15, 16, 17, and 20 were seen only in DLBCL, and gains of chromosomes 10, 21, and 22 and losses of chromosomes 11, 13, and 18 were seen only in PMLBCL. Several overlapping changes were identified in both groups, with variation in incidence. Statistical analysis of these changes showed significant gains of chromosomes 3 (P ≤ 0.05) and 7q (P ≤ 0.05) in DLBCL and gains of chromosomes 9 (P ≤ 0.05) and 19 (P ≤ 0.05) and the X chromosome (P ≤ 0.05) and loss of chromosome 4 (P ≤ 0.05) in PMLBCL. Frequent recurring DNA amplification at 2p13‐15 and less frequent amplification at 6p21, 12q13, and 18q21 were noted in both groups. Recurring amplification at 1q21 was seen only in DLBCL, whereas nonrecurring amplification at 10p11.2 and 15q22‐24 was seen only in PMLBCL. G‐banded karyotype analysis identified t(3;14)(q27;q32) in one and t(14;18)(q32;q21) in two cases of PMLBCL. Seven of 13 cases exhibited SSCP variants in the 5′ noncoding region of BCL6. In addition, 19 of 24 PMLBCLs assayed for BCL6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry showed positive results, indicating an origin from a germinal center (GC)–derived B cell. Based on these data, we conclude that PMLBCL is a distinct entity among GC‐derived high‐grade DLBCLs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization study of chromosome 7 aberrations in hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma: Isochromosome 7q as a common abnormality accumulating in forms with features of cytologic progression
Authors: Wlodarska Iwona , Martin‐Garcia Nadine , Achten Ruth , De Wolf‐Peeters Chris , Pauwels Patrick , Tulliez Micheline , de Mascarel Antoine , Brière Josette , Patey Martine , Hagemeijer Anne , Gaulard Philippe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHepatosplenic γδ T‐cell lymphoma (HSγδTCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma that has been associated cytogenetically with the isochromosome 7q [i(7)(q10)]. The incidence of this aberration and its relevance to pathogenesis of HSγδTCL is still unknown. We investigated the status of chromosome 7 in 12 HSTCL cases, including nine with a typical γδ phenotype, one with a so‐called T‐cell receptor (TCR)–silent phenotype, and two with the variant αβ phenotype. We analyzed available fresh and archival material using a dual‐color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach with 7p and 7q probes. A significant population of cells with predominance of 7q signals was detected in 10 cases (eight γδ, one αβ, and one TCR silent), and two lymphomas did not show clonal 7p/7q signal imbalances. In four of 10 cases with chromosome 7 aberrations, a hybridization pattern indicative of the presence of one chromosome 7 and one i(7)(q10) was found. In four other cases, the configuration of signals (2x7p/3x7q) suggested the presence of the i(7)(q10) and additional structural aberrations involving the second chromosome 7. In two cases, including one αβ phenotypic variant, a variety of FISH patterns equivalent to two to five copies of i(7)(q10) or numerical and structural aberrations of second chromosome 7 has been detected. These findings support cytogenetic data pointing to a characteristic association of i(7)(q10) with HSTCL, irrespective of the immunophenotype of malignant cells. An increased number of 7q signals was found in three cases with cytologic features of progression, indicating a tendency of HSTCL to multiply the i(7)(q10) chromosome during evolution. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the breakpoint region at 6q21–22 in T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines
Authors: Tagawa Hiroyuki , Miura Ikuo , Suzuki Ritsuro , Suzuki Hiroko , Hosokawa Yoshitaka , Seto Masao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChromosome band 6q21 is reported to be one of the most frequent target regions in T‐cell lymphoma for both translocations and deletions. To explore whether the breakpoint clustering in T‐cell malignancy indicates the presence of a common breakpoint region in 6q, we employed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using various YAC, BAC, and PAC clones aligned at 6q21–22. We identified two T‐cell lymphoma/leukemia cell lines with different differentiation stages that had breakpoints within the same novel gene, TCBA1 (T‐cell lymphoma breakpoint associated target 1). In a T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line, HT‐1, the TCBA1 fused to SUSP1 (SUMO‐1‐specific protease), creating a SUSP1‐TCBA1 chimeric gene. However, in an adult T‐cell leukemia cell line, ATN‐1, no chimeric gene was detected, although aberrant TCBA1 transcripts were produced. We conclude that TCBA1 is a possible target gene for T‐cell lineage‐specific chromosome aberrations at 6q21. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detailed genomic mapping and expression analyses of 12p amplifications in pancreatic carcinomas reveal a 3.5‐Mb target region for amplification
Authors: Heidenblad Markus , Jonson Tord , Mahlamäki Eija H. , Gorunova Ludmila , Karhu Ritva , Johansson Bertil , Höglund Mattias 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses have shown that the gain of chromosome arm 12p is frequent in pancreatic carcinomas. We investigated 15 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines using CGH, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to characterize 12p amplifications in detail. The CGH analysis revealed gains of 12p in four of the cell lines and local amplification within 12p11–12 in six cell lines. By FISH analysis, using precisely mapped YAC clones, the commonly amplified region was found to be approximately 5 Mb. The amplified segment extended from YAC 753f12, covering the KRAS2 locus, to YAC 891f1, close to the centromere. A semiquantitative PCR methodology was used to estimate genomic copy numbers of 14 precisely mapped expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and sequence‐tagged sites, located within this interval. The level of amplification ranged from two‐ to 12‐fold. The produced gene copy profiles revealed a 3.5‐Mb segment with various local amplifications. This region includes KRAS2 and ranges from D12S1617 to sts‐N38796. Two of the cell lines (primary and metastatic tumor from the same patient) showed amplification peaks within the distal region of this segment, two had peaks within the proximal region, one showed subpeaks in both regions, and one displayed amplification of the entire region. Chromosome segment‐specific cDNA array analysis of 29 expressed sequences within the whole interval between D12S1617 and sts‐N38796 indicated overexpression of four ESTs, two corresponding to DEC2 and PPFIBP1, and two to ESTs with unknown function. Expression analysis of these and of KRAS2 showed specific overexpression in the six cell lines with local 12p amplifications. These findings indicate two target regions within the 3.5‐Mb segment in 12p11–12, one proximal including PPFIBP1, and one distal including KRAS2. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel mutations in the SDHD gene in pedigrees with familial carotid body paraganglioma and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Badenhop Renee F. , Cherian Sanjay , Lord Reginald S.A. , Baysal Bora E. , Taschner Peter E.M. , Schofield Peter R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractParaganglioma (PGL) is a rare disorder characterized by tumors of the head and neck region. Between 10% and 50% of cases of PGL are familial, and the disease is autosomal dominant and subject to age‐dependent penetrance and imprinting. The paraganglioma gene (PGL1) has been mapped to 11q22.3–q23, and recently germline mutations in the SDHD gene have been identified. The SDHD region contains another gene, DPP2/TIMM8B, the homolog of which causes dystonia and deafness seen in Mohr‐Tranebjaerg syndrome. Using four PGL pedigrees, two of which exhibit coinheritance of PGL and sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus, analysis of 14 microsatellite markers provided support for linkage to the PGL1 locus. Sequence analysis identified novel mutations in exon 1 and exon 3 of the SDHD gene, including a novel two base pair deletion in exon 3 creating a premature stop codon at position 67; a novel three base pair deletion in exon 3 resulting in the loss of Tyr‐93; a missense mutation in exon 3 resulting in the substitution of Leu‐81 for Pro‐81; and a novel G‐to‐C substitution in exon 1 resulting in the substitution of Met‐1 for Ile‐1. No base changes were detected in the DPP2/TIMM8B gene. There was no apparent loss of heterozygosity at the site of the SDHD mutations. However, RT‐PCR analysis of tumor samples showed monoallelic expression of the mutant (paternal) allele as expected for imprinting. This has not previously been shown for this disorder. The inheritance and expression of the SDHD gene is consistent with the PGL1 gene being subject to genomic imprinting. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusion of the BCR and the fibroblast growth factor receptor‐1 (FGFR1) genes as a result of t(8;22)(p11;q11) in a myeloproliferative disorder: The first fusion gene involving BCR but not ABL
Authors: Fioretos Thoas , Panagopoulos Ioannis , Lassen Carin , Swedin Agneta , Billström Rolf , Isaksson Margareth , Strömbeck Bodil , Olofsson Tor , Mitelman Felix , Johansson Bertil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConstitutive activation of tyrosine kinases as a consequence of chromosomal translocations, forming fusion genes, plays an important role in the development of hematologic malignancies, in particular, myeloproliferative syndromes (MPSs). In this respect, the t(9;22)(q34;q11) that results in the BCR/ABL fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia is one of the best‐studied examples. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene at 8p11 encodes a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase and is similarly activated by chromosomal translocations, in which three alternative genes—ZNF198 at 13q12, CEP110 at 9q34, and FOP at 6q27—become fused to the tyrosine kinase domain of FGFR1. These 8p11‐translocations are associated with characteristic morphologic and clinical features, referred to as “8p11 MPS.” In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel fusion gene in a hematologic malignancy with a t(8;22)(p11;q11) and features suggestive of 8p11 MPS. We show that the breakpoints in the t(8;22) occur within introns 4 and 8 of the BCR and FGFR1 genes, respectively. On the mRNA level, the t(8;22) results in the fusion of BCR exons 1–4 in‐frame with the tyrosine kinase domain of FGFR1 as well as in the expression of a reciprocal FGFR1/BCR chimeric transcript. By analogy with data obtained from previously characterized fusion genes involving FGFR1 and BCR/ABL, it is likely that the oligomerization domain contributed by BCR is critical and that its dimerizing properties lead to aberrant FGFR1 signaling and neoplastic transformation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.