bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holding Period Effects in Dividend Strip Returns
Authors: Golez Benjamin , Jackwerth Jens 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We estimate short-term dividend strip prices from 27 years of S&P 500 index options data (1996-2022). We use option-implied interest rates when estimating strip prices and longer holding period returns to mitigate measurement error. We find that Sharpe ratios for short-term strips are similar to or higher than Sharpe ratios for the market. Short-term strips also have a low market beta and a positive alpha. Over the business cycle, realized term premiums (ie, the difference between market and strip returns) and the term structure of Sharpe ratios move countercyclically, whereas the term structure of alphas moves procyclically.
The Centenary of the Leprosy Relief Association (Lepra)—a moment for celebration and reflection
Authors: Allen Irene , Lockwood Diana N , Hay Roderick J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The year 2024 is the Centenary of the foundation of the Leprosy Relief Association (Lepra), formerly the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA). The name of the organization changed to the LEProsy Relief Association (LEPRA) in 1976 but has been known as Lepra since 2008. Over the years it has worked closely with members and office holders of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Its work has encompassed activities from the earliest initiatives to ensure appropriate living conditions for those with the disease to the development of leprosy chemotherapy. However, this has now evolved into a strong partnership between the UK- and India-based Lepra hubs, which are carrying out research and public health initiatives ranging from elimination of prejudice against those with leprosy to adopting the recently launched WHO programme for skin NTDs to facilitate integrated control and management regimens. The fight against leprosy has always been a partnership between a wide variety of disease-specific NGOs, health-care workers and international health agencies. The story of Lepra illustrates the central role of these partnerships and national as well as international collaboration.
Unilateral periocular spasm
Authors: Walker Clay 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Hemifacial spasm is an uncontrollable, recurrent facial muscular contraction that typically occurs on one side of the face, cannot be suppressed, and can last the entire day and during sleep. The most common underlying cause of facial nerve compression is an enlarged or abnormal tracking blood vessel at the brainstem level. Clinical diagnoses are frequently based on a patient's medical history and physical examination. Before deciding on a course of action, however, an electromyogram and MRI are performed to determine the underlying cause. Due to its high effectiveness (success rates of 85% to 95%) and low frequency of adverse reactions, botulinum toxin is the preferred therapy for hemifacial spasm and can provide transient symptomatic alleviation. Surgical microvascular decompression is a therapeutic approach that targets the underlying cause of this condition and has an average success rate of 85%.
The weapons of mass destruction-civil support team PA
Authors: Radi Joshua K. , Dent Robert A. , Allen Cesar A. , Anderson Jeffrey A. , Atkins John B. , Kozlik John 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The weapons of mass destruction-civil support team (WMD-CST) physician associate/assistant (PA) is an autonomous PA who balances military and civilian roles to achieve mission success and support the safety of the US public. This article by multiple WMD-CST PAs across the nation describes the WMD-CST PA profession and how traditional PA roles continue to advance.
Which patients with COPD need an inhaled corticosteroid?
Authors: Boylan Paul M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Inhaled bronchodilators are recommended to treat patients with any category of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical practice guidelines conditionally recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for patients with eosinophilic COPD phenotypes, patients who experience hospitalizations for or frequent severe exacerbations of COPD, and patients with comorbid asthma. This article outlines which patients with COPD may benefit from an ICS.
Improving the Timing of Acute Care Insulin Delivery
Authors: Cohen Sara , Clark Rebecca R. S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Local problem:
Variations in nursing practice were observed across our hospital, a 520-bed acute care teaching facility in the northeast United States, regarding the timing and frequency of insulin administration in adult patients with diabetes. Chart audits noted that RNs administered insulin more than one hour after blood glucose results were obtained 97% of the time. In addition, insulin was given at bedtime only 37% of the time.

Purpose:
The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to improve the care of inpatients requiring insulin by implementing protocols and adjusting practice to align with best practice recommendations.

Methods:
The clinical nurse education specialist met with a team of staff nurses, providers, nurse leaders, and patient care technicians (PCTs) to formulate protocols and design interventions to ensure improvements in the quality of care for inpatients with diabetes. A sequence of education sessions and an online learning module were developed and assigned to nurses and PCTs to address knowledge gaps, specifically in the pharmacodynamics and safe administration of insulin, as well as how best to provide care to patients with diabetes. Monthly adherence data were disseminated to nurse leaders and educators and reviewed with clinical staff at daily safety huddles and staff meetings. Additional interventions to enhance nursing practice in caring for patients with diabetes included ensuring both bedtime insulin administration and timely insulin delivery. This project began in May 2017 and ended five years later.

Results:
Two weeks after initial education sessions began in May and June 2017, the frequency of giving bedtime insulin based on the order set and according to the patient's blood glucose levels rose from 37% to 82%, and adherence to best practice protocols continued until final chart audits were performed in May 2022. The frequency of giving insulin less than one hour after obtaining blood glucose results improved from 3% to 64% between October and December 2019, and increased to a sustained level above the project's 92% goal two years later.

Conclusion:
Protocol development, targeted education, and audits with feedback led to improved care delivery for patients requiring insulin and increased nursing confidence.
Heparin for Women With Recurrent Miscarriage and Inherited Thrombophilia (ALIFE2): An International Open-Label, Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Quenby Siobhan , Booth Katie , Hiller Louise , Coomarasamy Arri , de Jong Paulien G. , Hamulyák Eva N. , Scheres Luuk J. , van Haaps Thijs F. , Ewington Lauren , Tewary Shreeya , Goddijn Mariëtte , Middeldorp Saskia 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from Lancet 2023;402:54–61)
Inherited thrombophilia is implicated as a cause of recurrent pregnancy loss, defined as the loss of 2 or more pregnancies. Heparin is the standard treatment for acquired thrombophilia but is not recommended in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss and inherited thrombophilia.
Randomized Trial of Early Detection and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Gallos I. , Devall A. , Martin J. , Middleton L. , Beeson L. , Galadanci H. , Al-beity F. Alwy , Qureshi Z. , Hofmeyr G.J. , Moran N. , Fawcus S. , Sheikh L. , Gwako G. , Osoti A. , Aswat A. , Mammoliti K.-M. , Sindhu K. N. , Podesek M. , Horne I. , Timms R. , Yunas I. , Okore J. , Singata-Madliki M. , Arends E. , Wakili A. A. , Mwampashi A. , Nausheen S. , Muhammad S. , Latthe P. , Evans C. , Akter S. , Forbes G. , Lissauer D. , Meher S. , Weeks A. , Shennan A. , Ammerdorffer A. , Williams E. , Roberts T. , Widmer M. , Oladapo O. T. , Lorencatto F. , Bohren M. A. , Miller S. , Althabe F. , Gülmezoglu M. , Smith J. M. , Hemming K. , Coomarasamy A. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2023;389:11–21)
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious complication of childbirth, and delays in diagnosis and treatment can cause major complications or fatalities. One method of early detection is a blood-collection drape, possibly in conjunction with other tests and treatments.
Maternal and Neonatal Complications Following Kielland's Rotational Forceps Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Giacchino Tara , Karkia Rebecca , Ahmed Hasib , Akolekar Ranjit 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from BJOG 2023;130:856–864)
Fetal malposition as labor advances can contribute to many risks and adverse outcomes. One method of management is Kielland rotational forceps delivery (KRFD); previous research has yielded conflicting evidence about the safety and effectiveness of KRFD compared with other delivery methods.
Long-Term Neurological Morbidity Among Children Delivered by Vacuum Extraction—A National Cohort Study
Authors: Ulfsdottir Hanna , Ekéus Cecilia , Tedroff Kristina , Åberg Katarina , Järnbert-Pettersson Hans 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023;102:843–853)
Many factors during pregnancy and childbirth influence long term neurological outcomes, but some controllable factors have not been studied extensively; one of these factors is vacuum extraction (VE) as a method of assisted childbirth. This study was designed as the first nationwide cohort study examining VE and its impact on long-term neurological morbidity, and its aim was to assess the risks of neonatal mortality, cerebral palsy (CP), and epilepsy in children delivered by VE.
Trends in State-Level Maternal Mortality by Racial and Ethnic Group in the United States
Authors: Fleszar Laura G. , Bryant Allison S. , Johnson Catherine O. , Blacker Brigette F. , ARavkin Aleksandr , Baumann Mathew , Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Kelly Yekaterina O. , Maass Kelsey , Zheng Peng , Roth Gregory A. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;330(1):52–61)
Recent evidence shows that maternal mortality is higher in the United States than any high-income country and that it is increasing. Previous research on this topic has been limited by inconsistent terminology, definitions, and methods.
Cervical Pessary for Prevention of Preterm Birth in Individuals With a Short Cervix: The TOPS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hoffman Matthew K. , Clifton Rebecca G. , Biggio Joseph R. , Saade George R. , Ugwu Lynda G. , Longo Monica , Bousleiman Sabine Z. , Clark Kelly , Grobman William A. , Frey Heather A. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Dugoff Lorraine , Manuck Tracy A. , Chien Edward K. , Rouse Dwight J. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Esplin M. Sean , Macones George A. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;330(4):340–348)
Preterm delivery remains a public health issue, affecting many pregnant patients and their infants each year. There are a number of causes and associations with preterm delivery, with some that are identifiable and treatable and some that are not; one association that has been well established is the connection between preterm birth (PTB) and a short cervix.
Primary Human Papillomavirus Testing and Other New Technologies for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Einstein Mark H. , Zhou Nancy , Gabor Lisa , Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V. 
Published: January 2024

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;142(5):1036–1043)
Cervical cancer screening has saved millions of lives over the past 7 decades. Never-screened or underscreened women currently account for more than half of all cervical cancer cases in the United States.
Cost-of-illness and Economic Evaluation of Interventions in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain
Authors: Kitschen Anne , Wahidie Diana , Meyer Dorothee , Rau Lisa-Marie , Ruhe Ann-Kristin , Wager Julia , Zernikow Boris , Sauerland Dirk 
Published: January 2024

Objectives:
Chronic pain in children and adolescents (CPCA) is widespread with an increasing prevalence. It is associated with a decreased quality of life and an increased parental work loss. Accordingly, CPCA may pose a substantial economic burden for patients, healthcare payers, and society. Therefore, this systematic review aims to synthesize (1) the results of existing cost-of-illness studies (COIs) for CPCA and (2) the evidence of economic evaluations (EEs) of interventions for CPCA.

Methods:
The systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, NHS EED, and HTA Database until February 2023. Title, abstract and full-text screening were conducted by two researchers. Original articles reporting costs related to CPCA published in English or German were included. Study characteristics, cost components, and costs were extracted. The quality of studies was assessed using standardized tools. All costs were adjusted to 2020 purchasing power parity US dollars (PPP-USD).

Results:
Fifteen COIs and 10 EEs were included. Mean annual direct costs of CPCA ranged from PPP-USD 603 to PPP-USD 16,271, with outpatient services accounting for the largest share. Mean annual indirect costs ranged from PPP-USD 92 to PPP-USD 12,721. All EEs reported a decrease of overall costs in treated patients.

Discussion:
The methodology across studies was heterogeneous limiting the comparability. However, it is to conclude that CPCA is associated with high overall costs, which were reduced in all EEs. From a health economic perspective, efforts should address the prevention and early detection of CPCA followed by a specialized pain treatment.
The Effect of Endotracheal Suctioning on Pain in Conscious Adult Patients in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gulsoy Zuhal , Ozdemir Kol Iclal 
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose
Pain assessment and management are an important issue to ensure the comfort of patients in the intensive care unit, and reducing pain is an important nursing intervention. Therefore, it is important to evaluate pain correctly. For correct pain management, it is necessary to correctly determine the presence and severity of pain. The study was conducted to determine whether endotracheal suctioning was painless and whether the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) was an accurate assessment tool to assess pain during endotracheal suctioning.

Methods
This study is a prospective clinical study. Thirty-two patients were endotracheal suctioned using the same technique by the same person, and their before-procedure BPS and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded. The study was conducted in the anesthesia and reanimation intensive care unit of a university hospital between December 12, 2020, and April 14, 2021.

Results
The before-procedure BPS and VAS scores indicated no pain. There was an increase in the procedure BPS score, whereas the VAS score did not change.

Conclusions
Endotracheal suctioning did not cause pain in conscious patients when the procedure was performed with the correct catheter in accordance with the guideline. In addition, it can be said that BPS is not sufficient to evaluate pain, but the reason for its high level is because endotracheal suctioning is an uncomfortable procedure. Of course, more studies and further studies are needed for a clear result.
It is important for health care professionals to relieve or reduce the pain of patients during the endotracheal aspiration procedure. In addition, the presence and severity of pain associated with the endotracheal aspiration procedure should be accurately measured. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the IDNCT04634474.
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
The Relationship Between the Humor Styles of Nurses and Psychological Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Kantarci Bahar , Kaya Soylu Fadime 
Published: January 2024

Background
The previous studies have revealed that the psychological state of nurses, who work in the front line, is negatively affected by the situations that created high pressure such as epidemics and disasters in the past.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to determine some characteristics that affect nurses' humor styles and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic period, and to determine the relationship between humor styles and psychological well-being.

Method
The research was conducted in a cross-sectional study. The sample of the study consists of 260 nurses from a city in eastern Turkey. The data have been collected by using a personal information form, the Humor Styles Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale in the study. Frequency, arithmetic mean, minimum and maximum, correlation analysis t test in the independent groups, 1-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test have been used in the analysis of the data. This study aligns with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.

Results
It is determined that the mean age of the nurses is 28.35 ± 6.19 years, and the age range is between 20 and 47 years. It is determined that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between “self-improving humor” and “participatory humor,” which are among the harmonious/positive humor styles of the nurses, and the total Psychological Well-Being Scale score (P < .05). It is determined that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between “aggressive humor,” which is one of the inharmonious/negative humor styles, and the total Psychological Well-Being Scale score (P < .05).

Discussion
The results support that nurses' use of self-enhancing and participatory humor contributes to psychological well-being.
Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Job Dona , Hakkola Jonah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a valvular disease characterized by retrograde blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle. Various etiologies result in either an acute or chronic clinical presentation of AR and affect the severity of disease progression. Acute AR is a medical emergency caused by sudden increases in left ventricular volume. Immediate surgical intervention, vasoactive agents, and antibiotics are crucial for management. Chronic AR progresses gradually, leading to heart failure symptoms due to left ventricular remodeling. Diagnoses of both acute and chronic AR rely on electrocardiography, chest radiographs, and echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be incorporated in chronic AR diagnosis. Medical management of chronic AR aims to control hypertension and delay left ventricular dysfunction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and potentially calcium-channel blockers are recommended for chronic AR. β-Blockers are cautioned against because of their potential negative effects. This article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention in AR. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of acute and chronic AR and a medication regimen for treating chronic AR in the adult population.
Does hormone therapy exacerbate other venous thromboembolism risk factors?
Authors: Porterfield Laura , Davis John W. , Weller Susan C. , Chen Lu , Wilkinson Gregg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Postmenopausal symptoms in women at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to comorbidities are often undertreated because of concerns that hormone therapy (HT) may increase VTE risk; however, it is unclear how much HT impacts risk of VTE when compared with other risk factors.

Methods
This is a case-control study in a commercial claims database from 2007 to 2019. Women aged 50 to 64 years (n = 223,949) were classified as cases if they had an International Classification of Diseases code indicating an acute VTE plus a filled prescription for an anticoagulant, placement of intravascular vena cava filter, or death within 30 days of diagnosis. Controls were matched 10:1 to each case by index date and age. Risk factors and comorbidities present within the year before index were examined. Exposure was defined as a HT prescription within 60 days before index.

Results
There were 20,359 VTE cases and 203,590 matched controls. A conditional logistic regression indicated that the greatest risks for VTE were from metastatic cancer (odds ratio [OR], 13.66; 95% CI, 12.64-14.75), hospitalization/surgery (OR, 8.51; 95% CI, 8.09-8.96), trauma (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 3.32-3.73), comorbidity burden (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 3.34-3.69), history of hypercoagulable condition (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 2.87-3.36), and varicose veins (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.56-3.22). Regarding hormone exposure, we observed ORs of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.43-1.60) for any recent hormone exposure; 1.13 (95% CI, 1.04-1.23; number needed to harm, 4,274) for unopposed estrogen menopausal HT; 1.23 (95% CI, 1.10-1.38; number needed to harm, 2,440) for combined menopausal HT; and 5.22 (95% CI, 4.67-5.84) for combined hormonal contraceptives compared with no recent HT exposure.

Conclusions
Hormone therapy exposure did not appear to adversely influence other risk factors, and exposure generally played a minor role in VTE risk. Contraceptives, however, were a strong risk factor.
Prospective early adulthood risk factors for vasomotor symptoms in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Authors: Kim Catherine , Lane Abbi , Vu Thanh-Huyen T. , Lewis Cora B. , Yin Zhe , Jiang Hui , Auchus Richard J. , Schreiner Pamela J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Previous studies have assessed potential risk factors for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) beginning in midlife. We examined whether early adulthood risk factors predict VMS trajectories over time.

Methods
We performed a secondary data analysis of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based cohort. We included women who answered questions about VMS at three or more examinations (n = 1,966). We examined whether risk factors at baseline (when participants were aged 18-30 y; average age, 25 y) and the year 15 (Y15) exam (at ages 33-45 y; average age, 40 y) were associated with VMS trajectories from Y15 through Y35. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations with VMS trajectories.

Results
We identified three trajectories of VMS presence: minimal (40%), increasing over time (27%), and persistent (33%). Baseline factors associated with persistent VMS over time included Black race, less than a high school education, depressive symptoms, migraines, cigarette use, and at Y15 hysterectomy. Baseline factors associated with increasing VMS over time included Black race and lower body mass index. Risk factors for bothersome VMS were similar and also included thyroid disease, although thyroid disease was not associated with persistence of VMS over time. Associations were similar among women who had not undergone hysterectomy and in Black and White women.

Conclusions
Risk factors for VMS may be identified in early adulthood. Further examination of risk factors such as migraines and depressive symptoms in early adulthood may be helpful in identifying therapies for VMS.