bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS): Clinical considerations and cytohistologic correlation
Authors: Nasuti Joseph F. , Fleisher Seth R. , Gupta Prabodh K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe diagnoses of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) made upon evaluation of cervical/vaginal (Pap) smears is examined to ascertain salient clinical and cytologic features that may lead to better characterization of the true nature of these lesions. Prior history of squamous dysplasia, age of the patient, and the occurrence of abnormal microbiopsy tissue fragments are investigated to determine their value in the proper evaluation of AGUS specimens. Of the 86,234 Pap smears submitted to our laboratory during a period of 2 yr, 187 (0.2%) were diagnosed as AGUS. Available follow‐up in 128 (69%) cases revealed 54 (42%) significant tissue proven abnormalities, the majority (55%, 30 patients) of which were diagnosed as squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). Squamous dysplasia is significantly more common in women younger than 40 (15/18, 83%) and in patients with prior history of SIL (29/30, 97%). In addition, all nine patients diagnosed with endometrial lesions on subsequent histology were older than 40. Age, however, was not a discriminating factor in women proven to have endocervical glandular lesions. Additionally, certain tissue fragment cytomorphologic features were significantly more often observed on follow‐up in specific histologic diagnostic categories. The Pap smears of patients diagnosed with SIL were noted to contain tissue fragments composed of both dysplastic squamous and benign glandular cells in 29 of 30 (97%). The presence of two distinct populations of glandular tissue fragments (typical and atypical) was found in the Pap smears of all nine women with endometrial abnormalities and in the smears of most women subsequently diagnosed with endocervical glandular lesions (87%, 13/15). These observations suggest that a more specific and clinically useful Pap smear interpretation other than AGUS is often possible by consideration of the patient's age and prior history along with the correct identification of the type of atypical cells observed in abnormal tissue fragments. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:186–190; DOI 10.1002/dc.10070 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of small‐cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in serous effusion: A report on two cases
Authors: Khunamornpong Surapan , Siriaunkgul Sumalee , Suprasert Prapaporn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytologic features of 2 cases of small‐cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the body fluid are described. Case 1 was a 34‐yr‐old woman with a stage IIA cervical tumor. Pleural effusion developed 6 mo after initial diagnosis. Case 2 was a 38‐yr‐old woman with a stage IB tumor. Ascites was detected 11 mo after hysterectomy. Histologically, both cervical tumors were indistinguishable from small‐cell carcinoma of oat‐cell type in the lungs or other sites. Cytologically, the tumor cells in the pleural effusion of case 1 had characteristic features of small‐cell carcinoma, including nuclear molding. However, almost all tumor cells in the ascites of case 2 showed a single‐cell pattern mimicking malignant lymphoma. Mitotic figures and karyorrhetic bodies were occasionally seen. Nuclear molding was rarely identified. Small‐cell carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of malignant effusions containing lymphoma‐like cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:253–255, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interinstitutional review of thyroid fine‐needle aspirations: Impact on clinical management of thyroid nodules
Authors: Baloch Zubair W. , Hendreen Samantha , Gupta Prabodh K. , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Mandel Susan J. , Weber Randal , Fraker Douglas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRoutine interinstitution pathology consultation can result in change in pathologic diagnosis in up to 10% of patients. In this study, we compared the outside cytopathologic diagnosis of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with the in‐house diagnosis at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center over an 18‐mo period and its effect on patient management. One hundred ten (60%) diagnostic disagreements were identified among 183 patients. In 16 cases, the diagnosis was changed from benign to malignant, and in 12, the diagnosis was reversed from neoplastic/malignant to benign. Histologic follow‐up was available in 109 cases; the overall accuracy of outside diagnosis was 73%, and that of inside diagnosis was 85%. In conclusion, we strongly recommend interinstitution cytology consultation on referred thyroid FNA cases, since our data showed a significant change in diagnosis, thus affecting patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:231–234, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased retinal endothelial cell monolayer permeability induced by the diabetic milieu: role of advanced non‐enzymatic glycation and polyol pathway activation
Authors: Leto Gaetano , Pricci Flavia , Amadio Lorena , Iacobini Carla , Cordone Samantha , Diaz‐Horta Oscar , Romeo Giulio , Barsotti Paola , Rotella Carlo M. , di Mario Umberto , Pugliese Giuseppe 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIncreased vascular permeability could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The present study was aimed at assessing whether high glucose concentrations can impair retinal endothelial cell barrier function directly, irrespective of changes in other determinants of permeability, and the role of non‐enzymatic glycation and polyol pathway activation in these alterations.MethodsBovine retinal endothelial cells (BREC) were exposed for various periods to high glucose vs iso‐osmolar mannitol and normal glucose containing media±agents mimicking or inhibiting advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and polyol pathway activation. Monolayer permeability was assessed by measuring the transendothelial passage of 125I‐labeled proteins.ResultsPermeability increased significantly (up to +70%) in BREC exposed to high glucose, but not to mannitol, for 1–30 days, vs normal glucose control cells. Exposure to AGE‐modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) (⪖90%) and, to a lesser extent, sorbitol (+28%) mimicked the high glucose effect. The AGE formation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine significantly reduced (by 60%) changes induced by 30‐day exposure to high glucose, whereas methylguanidine, which inhibits only NOS activity, did not affect permeability. Aldose reductase or sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitors decreased (by ∼40%) the enhanced leakage produced by 1‐day, but not 30‐day, incubation in high glucose.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that high glucose is capable of impairing retinal endothelial cell barrier function directly and that non‐enzymatic glycation and polyol pathway activation may mediate these changes, with AGEs participating in the long‐term alterations and increased flux through the sorbitol pathway in the short‐term effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise status and sexual orientation as moderators of body image disturbance and eating disorders in males
Authors: Boroughs Michael , Thompson J. Kevin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the moderating effects of sexual orientation and exercise status on measures of body image and eating disturbance in a sample of men.MethodOne hundred and thirty‐four men completed measures designed to index a range of body image facets (ideals, actual, partner's preference, overall dissatisfaction), eating disturbance (restrictive and bulimic levels), and overall self‐esteem.ResultsThere were few significant effects as a function of exercise status or sexual orientation. Bodybuilders were more satisfied on a global measure of body image and had a higher ideal and actual upper torso size rating. Gay men had a smaller actual upper torso rating than heterosexual men, but ideal size upper torso did not differ as a function of sexual orientation.DiscussionFindings are discussed in terms of methodological limits of previous work and future examinations of moderating factors for body image and eating disturbance in men. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 307–311, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eat.10031
Loss of control over eating, adiposity, and psychopathology in overweight children
Authors: Morgan Christina M. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Nguyen Tuc T. , McDuffie Jennifer , Sebring Nancy G. , Jorge Miguel R. , Keil Margaret , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between loss of control over eating, adiposity, and psychological distress in a nontreatment sample of overweight children.MethodBased on self‐reports of eating episodes, 112 overweight children, 6–10 years old, were categorized using the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns–Adolescent Version into those describing episodes of loss of control over eating (LC), and those with no loss of control (NoLC). Groups were compared on measures of adiposity, dieting, and eating behavior, and associated psychological distress.ResultsLC children (33.1%) were heavier and had greater amounts of body fat than NoLC children. They also had higher anxiety, more depressive symptoms, and more body dissatisfaction. 5.3% met questionnaire criteria for BED. Episodes of loss of control occurred infrequently, were often contextual, and involved usual meal foods.DiscussionAs in adults, overweight children reporting loss of control over eating have greater severity of obesity and more psychological distress than those with no such symptoms. It remains unknown whether children who endorse loss of control over eating before adolescence will be those who develop the greatest difficulties with binge eating or obesity in adulthood. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 31: 430–441, 2002.
Medical and psychiatric morbidity in obese women with and without binge eating
Authors: Bulik Cynthia M. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of obesity and binge eating in a population‐based sample of female twins and to examine whether the presence of binge eating was associated with a greater risk for medical and psychiatric disorders in obese women.MethodA population‐based study of twins who were born between 1934 and 1971 and both members responded to a mailed questionnaire (individual response rate was conservatively estimated to be 64%). Data for the present study are from the first and third interview waves. In Wave 1 (1987–1989), we assessed 92% of the eligible individuals (N = 2,163), 90% face‐to‐face and the remainder by telephone. We assessed lifetime history of psychiatric disorders, major medical disorders, health limitations, health satisfaction, and an array of personality and attitudinal measures.ResultsObese women with binge eating reported greater health dissatisfaction and higher rates of major medical disorders than obese women without binge eating. Binge eating was also associated with higher lifetime prevalence of major depression, panic disorder, phobias, and alcohol dependence. Obese women with binge eating scored higher on neuroticism and symptom scales measuring depression, anxiety/phobia, and neurovegetative symptoms (i.e., insomnia, agitation, retardation, and obsessive‐compulsive traits).DiscussionThe presence of binge eating in obese women is a marker for greater medical and psychiatric morbidity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 72–78, 2002.
Development of in‐pipe microrobot using microwave energy transmission
Authors: Shibata Takayuki , Sasaya Takanari , Kawahara Nobuaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost robots moving autonomously are equipped with batteries as an energy source. Since the energy stored in the batteries is proportional to their volume, the operating time is drastically reduced as the robot is miniaturized. To resolve this problem, it is necessary to supply energy externally. Considering the checking of pipes in electric power generating stations as the target, a microrobot has been developed that autonomously moves inside the pipe with energy supplied by microwaves. A previous report [1] noted the problems that the energy could not be supplied when the robot is rotated and that the power supply method was not suitable for the sensor circuit, since the driving waveform of the actuator was produced by amplitude modulation of the microwaves. In the present paper, a method is proposed to allow the supplying of energy with circular polarization by means of four rectennas. Autonomous reversing motion is successfully achieved by installing a driver control circuit and an infrared sensor on the robot. The microrobot proposed in this paper moves at 10 mm/s, using a power of 200 mW supplied in a pipe with a diameter of 15 mm. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(11): 1–8, 2001
Crossed categorization versus simple categorization and intergroup evaluations: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Mullen Brian , Migdal Michael J. , Hewstone Miles 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCrossed categorization typically refers to the crossing of two dichotomous social dimensions, resulting in four groups (double‐ingroup, two mixed groups, and double‐outgroup). This paper reports the results of a meta‐analysis comparing the effects of crossed categorization on intergroup evaluations with the effects of simple categorization on intergroup evaluations. The crossed categorization paradigm is shown to increase or decrease ingroup bias, depending on how ingroup bias is defined in the crossed categorization paradigm. Moreover, just as in simple categorization, ingroup bias in crossed categorization is shown to be greater when the proportionate size of the ingroup is smaller. However, contrary to the patterns established in simple categorization, the reality of the group categorizations does not increase ingroup bias in crossed categorization. We discuss the implications of these results for future research on intergroup evaluations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Private gain, social strain: do relationship factors shape responses to outperformance?
Authors: Exline Julie Juola , Lobel Marci 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOutperforming others can be satisfying, in part because it allows us to make self‐enhancing social comparisons against those we have surpassed. However, competitive success can clash with relational goals, leading outperformers to experience discomfort when they believe that their superior status poses a threat to the outperformed person (Exline & Lobel, 1999). Two studies revealed that relationship factors play a critical role in responses to superior status. Relationship rifts and avoidance were common in conflictual or hostile relationships, whereas empathic concerns and appeasement predominated in closer, more satisfying relationships. Negative responses to superior status were largely independent of private feelings of pride and happiness. These data complement existing social comparison research by suggesting that outperformance, while privately satisfying, can cause problems when it poses an interpersonal threat. Furthermore, relationship factors appear to be important determinants of the specific emotional and behavioral responses of outperformers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
El Niño, climate change, and Southern African climate
Authors: Mason Simon J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe El Niño phenomenon involves a large‐scale warming of the equatorial eastern and central Pacific Ocean. Recent developments in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon have raised concerns about climate change. In this review paper, these recent developments are critically assessed and forecasts of possible future changes are reviewed. Since the late‐1970s, El Niño episodes have been unusually recurrent, while the frequency of strong La Niña events has been low. Prolonged/recurrent warm event conditions of the first half of the 1990s were the result of the persistence of an anomalously warm pool near the date line, which, in turn, may be part of an abrupt warming trend in tropical sea‐surface temperatures that occurred in the late‐1970s. The abrupt warming of tropical sea‐surface temperatures has been attributed to the enhanced‐greenhouse effect, but may be indicative of inter‐decadal variability: earlier changes in the frequency of ENSO events and earlier persistent El Niño and La Niña sequences have occurred. Most forecasts of ENSO variability in a doubled‐CO2 climate suggest that the recent changes in the tropical Pacific are anomalous. Of potential concern, however, is a possible reduction in the predictability of ENSO events given a warmer background climate.El Niño events usually are associated with below‐normal rainfall over much of southern Africa. Mechanisms for this influence on southern African climate are discussed, and the implications of possible changes in ENSO variability on the climate of the region are assessed. Recent observed changes in southern African climate and their possible relationships with trends in ENSO variability are investigated. The El Niño influence on rainfall over southern Africa occurs largely because of a weakening of tropical convection over the subcontinent. A warming of the Indian Ocean during El Niño events appears to be important in providing a teleconnection from the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The abrupt warming of the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans in the late‐1970s is probably partly responsible for increasing air temperatures over southern Africa, and may have contributed to a prolongation of predominantly dry conditions. A return to a wet phase appears to have occurred, despite the persistence of anomalously high sea‐surface temperatures associated with the late‐1970s warming, and a record‐breaking El Niño in 1997/98. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Living with anorexia nervosa: the experience of a cohort of sufferers from anorexia nervosa 7.5 years after initial presentation to a specialized eating disorders service
Authors: Button Eric J. , Warren Rachel L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of the present study was to further understand how sufferers from anorexia nervosa view the disorder, how it affects their lives and how they experience treatment and help.MethodA cohort of anorectic patients were followed up 7.5 years after presentation at a specialist locally‐based eating disorders service for adults. All subjects were invited to take part in a semi‐structured interview and complete a series of questionnaires.ResultsThirty‐six subjects were interviewed and the group as a whole showed marked improvement compared with initial presentation, but only 14 per cent were judged to be free of the disorder and about one‐quarter remained entrenched in the world of anorexia nervosa. The main results focus on common themes which emerged from the interview and extensive quotes from subjects are used for illustrative purposes. Although each person expressed a very individual experience of the disorder, a common theme was of it emerging as a response to a sense of loss of control in one or more areas of their lives, often centering on their self‐image and problems in relationships with others. Although the disorder was commonly experienced as having a devastating effect on their lives, the focus on weight and eating at least offered them some semblance of control. A wide range of experiences of treatment were reported, but there was considerable consensus regarding the importance of individual psychotherapy/counselling and of the quality of relationship with a therapist.DiscussionThis study confirms the often long‐term psychological problems experienced by sufferers from anorexia nervosa and helps to illuminate the client's perspective on the disorder and other people's attempts to help. The individual views of the sufferer are an important consideration for those involved in the planning and delivery of services for these vulnerable people. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Characteristics of inpatient weight gain in adolescent anorexia nervosa: relation to speed of relapse and re‐admission
Authors: Lay Barbara , Jennen‐Steinmetz Christine , Reinhard Iris , Schmidt Martin H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present study, the course of inpatient weight gain was analysed in a sample of 40 female adolescent anorectic patients who had been readmitted for severe relapse. Longitudinal parameters were derived by statistical methods from the patients' weight curves during inpatient treatment. Results indicate a high risk of renewed weight loss throughout the first 9 months after discharge; 31 of the 40 patients had been readmitted within 12 months. Within the comprehensive set of clinical variables assessed, the weight curve parameters ‘negative variation of the weight curve’, ‘velocity of BMI increase’, and ‘mean BMI’ during inpatient treatment were significantly related to the tempo of weight decrease after discharge. The duration patients had maintained their target weight up to discharge appeared to predict time to re‐admission. Thus, findings suggest that longitudinal weight patterns might be of prognostic significance with respect to post‐discharge weight maintenance in anorexia nervosa, and hence are worthy of consideration in further treatment research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Impact of historic land‐use change on sediment delivery to a Chesapeake Bay subestuarine delta
Authors: Pasternack Gregory B. , Brush Grace S. , Hilgartner William B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHistoric land use in the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin induced large fluxes of fluvial sediment to subestuarine tributaries. Stratigraphic and palaeoecologic analyses of deltaic deposits may be used to infer changes on the landscape, but are not sufficient to quantify past sediment supply. When viewed as an inverse boundary‐value problem, reconstruction of the sediment supply function may be achieved by combining deltaic sedimentation chronologies with an equation governing delta progradation. We propose that the diffusion equation is appropriate for simulating delta progradation and obtaining the sediment supply function provided a suitable diffusion constant (D) can be determined. Three new methods for estimating D are presented for the case of estuarine deltas. When the inverse boundary‐value technique was applied to Otter Point Creek, a tidal freshwater delta at the head of Bush River in upper Chesapeake Bay, D values ranged from 3763 to 6199 m2 a−1. Delta growth simulations showed a 1740–1760 initial pulse, a 1760–1780 erosive/redistributive interval, a 1780–1920 growth period, and a 1920‐present erosive/redistributive era. Coupling of simulated delta elevations with an empirical plant habitat predictive equation allowed for comparison of predicted versus actual relative habitat areas. Also, the model yielded reconstructed watershed erosion rates and stream suspended sediment concentrations that could be useful for development of water quality regulations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.