bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On self-similarity and stationary problem for fragmentation and coagulation models
Authors: Escobedo M. , Mischler S. , Rodriguez Ricard M. 
Published: September 2004

We prove the existence of a stationary solution of any given mass to the coagulation–fragmentation equation without assuming a detailed balance condition, but assuming instead that aggregation dominates fragmentation for small particles while fragmentation predominates for large particles. We also show the existence of a self-similar solution of any given mass to the coagulation equation and to the fragmentation equation for kernels satisfying a scaling property. These results are obtained, following the theory of Poincaré–Bendixson on dynamical systems, by applying the Tykonov fixed point theorem on the semigroup generated by the equation or by the associated equation written in “self-similar variables”. Moreover, we show that the solutions to the fragmentation equation with initial data of a given mass behaves, as

t\rightarrow + \infty

, as the unique self similar solution of the same mass.

Résumé

Pour toute masse donnée, nous démontrons l'existence d'au moins une solution stationnaire pour l'équation de coagulation–fragmentation. Nous ne faisons pas d'hypothèse d'équilibre en détails sur les coefficients mais nous supposons que la coagulation domine la fragmentation pour les particules de petite taille et que la fragmentation est prépondérante pour les particules de grande taille. Nous démontrons également l'existence de solutions auto-similaires pour l'équation de coagulation et pour l'équation de fragmentation sous une hypothèse d'homogéneité sur les noyaux. Ces résultats sont obtenus, s'inspirant de la preuve du Théorème de Poincaré–Bendixson, en appliquant le théorème de point fixe de Tykonov sur le semi-groupe engendré par l'équation ou par l'équation écrite en variables auto-similaires associée. Enfin, nous démontrons que les solutions de l'équation de fragmentation de masse donnée

\rho > 0

se comportent en temps grand comme la solutions auto-simialire de masse

ρ

.
Role of learning in mesh penetration behaviour of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Özbilgin H. , Glass C.W. 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
If fish that have passed through the meshes of a fishing net are capable of escaping more easily on subsequent encounters, there may be important implications for the efficiency and selectivity of fishing gears in heavily fished populations. Here we report on the effect of learning on mesh penetration of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) under laboratory conditions. Ten haddock were trained using a classical conditioning procedure (with food) to race between two alternately flashing light emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned at the ends of a 6-m-long oval swimming pool. Once the fish were conditioned to race between the LEDs, their penetration ratios in netting barriers of 200-mm and 100-mm bar length, square-mesh curtains in their path on each food presentation were calculated. Fish were reluctant to penetrate mesh barriers of 200 mm at the beginning of the experiment, but all the experimental animals did manage to penetrate. The ratio of these fish in penetrating the smaller mesh size of 100 mm decreased in the first two presentations, but then increased again with experience. The potential consequences of these findings in relation to gear efficiency and gear selectivity studies are discussed.
Long‐lasting effects of serotonin deficiency on differentiating peptidergic neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Mirochnik V. , Bosler O. , Tillet Y. , Calas A. , Ugrumov M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT, 5‐hydroxytryptamine) is known to be an inductor of the brain development [Whitaker‐Azmitia, P.M., Druse, M., Walker, P., Lauder, J.M., 1996. Serotonin as a developmental signal. Behav. Brain Res. 73, 19–29; Ugrumov, M.V., 1997. Hypothalamic monoaminergic systems in ontogenesis: development and functional significance. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 41, 809–816]. This study was aimed to test whether it provides long‐lasting effects on the differentiating vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and vasopressin (VP) neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in rats. To this aim, 5‐HT was depleted in fetal brain by daily injections of p‐chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of 5‐HT synthesis, to pregnant rats from the 13th to the 21st day of gestation. Pregnant rats injected with saline served as controls. The offsprings (males) of pCPA‐treated and control pregnant rats were maintained after birth for two months under normal laboratory conditions. Then, the SCN was processed for immunocytochemistry of VIP and VP and in situ hybridization of appropriate mRNAs. There were no differences in concentrations of VIP and VP mRNAs in the SCN in adult offsprings of the 5‐HT‐depleted pregnant rats compared to the controls. Moreover, 5‐HT deficiency did not induce any change in size of VIP‐immunoreactive (IR) and VP‐IR neurons. Conversely, both the numbers of VIP‐ and VP‐immunoreactive neurons and concentrations of the peptides in cell bodies increased significantly. It is concluded that 5‐HT provides long‐lasting effects on differentiating VIP and VP neurons in the SCN resulting in attenuated release rather than elevated synthesis of both peptides in adulthood.
A non‐inflatable anti‐shock garment for obstetric hemorrhage
Authors: Brees C. , Hensleigh P.A. , Miller S. , Pelligra R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractObjectivesMaternal death from hemorrhage in low resource settings is frequently due to long delays in transportation to referral centers and/or in obtaining blood and surgical interventions. This case series was designed to demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of the non‐inflatable anti‐shock garment (NI‐ASG) for resuscitation and hemostasis in the initial management of obstetric hemorrhage and shock.MethodsFourteen cases of obstetric hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock at Memorial Christian Hospital, Sialkot, Pakistan were managed with a specific clinical protocol based on using NI‐ASG as the primary intervention.ResultsThe NI‐ASG was used to resuscitate and stabilize women with hypovolemic shock from 18 to 57 h. Thirteen patients survived without evidence of morbidity, but one had prolonged shock followed by multiple organ failure and death.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the NI‐ASG quickly restored the vital signs of most women in severe hemorrhagic shock and stabilized them while awaiting blood transfusion.
Functional significance of phytochemical lures to dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): an ecological and evolutionary synthesis
Authors: Raghu S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhile lures of plant origin are vital tools in dacine (Diptera: Tephritidae) pest management, the ecological and evolutionary significance of this lure response remains enigmatic. Two hypotheses (the ancestral host hypothesis and sexual selection by female choice) have been invoked to explain the functional significance of these chemicals to dacine fruit flies. These hypotheses are often treated as alternatives to one another and evidence favouring one is used to reject the other. This review highlights that these two hypotheses are not logical alternatives to each other as the ancestral host hypothesis attempts to explain the ultimate function of the response of Dacinae to these plant-derived parapheromones while the sexual selection hypothesis provides a proximate explanation for lure response. Research on lure response, dacine mating behaviour, functional significance of lures, plant phylogeny and biochemistry and dacine pheromone chemistry are used to evaluate the evidence in relation to both these hypotheses. Some of the key findings are that there is evidence both in support of and against these two hypotheses. Response of fruit flies to related phenyl propanoids to those commonly used as lures in pest management and distribution of phenyl propanoids attractive to dacines among plant orders strongly support the ancestral host hypothesis. Evidence from pheromone chemistry, dacine mating behaviour and the functional significance of lures both support and contradict the sexual selection hypothesis. Lures appear to have different proximate functions in different dacine species. Considerably greater research is needed to clarify the functional role of phytochemical lures to dacine fruit flies. The two prevalent hypotheses should be investigated independently. Specific research on dacine phylogeny and distribution of lures in plants in relation to ecological roles played by adult dacines is required to elucidate the ultimate roles of the chemicals. Exploration of female response to lures and the behavioural consequences of dacine response to these chemicals to both the insect and plant may shed light on the proximate functions of these chemicals.
Unexpected Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) mortality in the presence of parasitoids
Authors: Goldson S.L. , Proffitt J.R. , McNeill M.R. , Phillips C.B. , Barlow N.D. , Baird D.B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractField enclosure and laboratory cage experiments designed to measure the impact of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan on the Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) have shown that under high parasitoid pressure, there is significant weevil mortality without obvious parasitism. Parasitoid-exposed, but unparasitized portions of caged populations died at rates significantly higher than both the parasitized weevils from the same population and the unexposed controls. Unexpectedly, parasitized weevils had the lowest mortality rates (prior to larval parasitoid emergence). It was of ecological significance that this mortality effect was detected under field conditions using several years of empirically-collected population dynamics data. Under both field and laboratory conditions this mortality was found to occur within shorter time intervals than that required for full parasitoid larval development; thus it could not be attributed to the mortality that occurs after the emergence of prepupal parasitoids. The mechanism for this mortality remains undetermined, although it could possibly be linked to pseudoparasitism.
A PCR-based approach to distinguish important Diadegma species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) associated with diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Wagener B. , Reineke A. , Löhr B. , Zebitz C.P.W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) has a cosmopolitan distribution and is one of the major pests on cruciferous plants. Biological control, especially with species of the genus Diadegma, has been successfully employed in several parts of the world, mainly in South East Asia. The taxonomy of this genus based on classical morphological characters is still unclear and misidentifications are reported. In the present study seven Diadegma species associated with P. xylostella were separated using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analyses. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was successfully amplified in all 167 individuals and digested using 11 different restriction enzymes. One restriction enzyme (CfoI) showed different restriction profiles in all species and also between two population samples of D. mollipla (Holmgren) from eastern and southern Africa. In addition, a new Diadegma species associated with P. xylostella from Ethiopia was discovered.
Responses of adult mosquitoes of two sibling species,Anopheles arabiensisandA. gambiaes.s. (Diptera: Culicidae), to high temperatures
Authors: Kirby M.J. , Lindsay S.W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt is well known that amongst the sibling species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex,A. arabiensisPatton predominates overA. gambiaesensu stricto Giles in hotter, drier parts of Africa. Here it was investigated whetherA. arabiensisis better adapted to higher temperatures thanA. gambiaes.s. at the microclimatic level. Bioassays were used to assess behavioural avoidance activity of adult mosquitoes in the presence of increasing temperature. Female mosquitoes were introduced into a holding tube from which they could escape into a cage through a one-way funnel. From a starting temperature of 28°C they were exposed to a 2°C rise in temperature every 30 min until all mosquitoes had escaped or been knocked down. As temperature increased,A. arabiensisleft the holding tube at higher temperatures thanA. gambiaes.s. (A. arabiensismean activation temperature = 35.7°C, 95% CIs = 35.4–36.1°C;A. gambiaes.s. = 33.0°C, 32.5–33.5°C). To determine the relative ability of both species to survive at extremely high temperatures, batches of insects were exposed to 40°C for different periods. It took considerably longer to kill 50% ofA. arabiensisat 40°C than it didA. gambiaes.s. (112 min vs. 67 min). These data show that adultA. arabiensisare better adapted to hotter conditions thanA. gambiaes.s., a characteristic that is reflected in their spatial and temporal distribution in Africa.
Host plant recognition by the root feeding clover weevil, Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Johnson S.N. , Gregory P.J. , Murray P.J. , Zhang X , Young I.M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the ability of neonatal larvae of the root-feeding weevil, Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal, to locate white clover Trifolium repens L. (Fabaceae) roots growing in soil and to distinguish them from the roots of other species of clover and a co-occurring grass species. Choice experiments used a combination of invasive techniques and the novel technique of high resolution X-ray microtomography to non-invasively track larval movement in the soil towards plant roots. Burrowing distances towards roots of different plant species were also examined. Newly hatched S. lepidus recognized T. repens roots and moved preferentially towards them when given a choice of roots of subterranean clover, Trifolium subterraneum L. (Fabaceae), strawberry clover Trifolium fragiferum L. (Fabaceae), or perennial ryegrass Lolium perenneL. (Poaceae). Larvae recognized T. repens roots, whether released in groups of five or singly, when released 25 mm (meso-scale recognition) or 60 mm (macro-scale recognition) away from plant roots. There was no statistically significant difference in movement rates of larvae.
Two different life-history strategies determine the competitive outcome between Dirhinus giffardii (Chalcididae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Pteromalidae), ectoparasitoids of cyclorrhaphous Diptera
Authors: Wang X.G. , Messing R.H. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDirhinus giffardii Silvestri and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani are solitary parasitoids attacking puparia of many cyclorrhaphous flies. They are not typical ectoparasitoids, as they feed on host pupae within puparia that develop from the exoskeleton of host larvae. Dirhinus giffardii did not kill its host until the parasitoid egg developed into a larva, while P. vindemmiae permanently paralysed its host at the time of oviposition. As a result, ovipositing into a young host puparium (< 1 day old) in which the host pupa has not yet fully formed resulted in complete death of offspring in P. vindemmiae, but D. giffardii, although suffering higher mortality than in older host puparia, still showed a level of successful development. In a choice experiment, both parasitoids preferred to attack 2- to 3-day-old puparia in which the host pupae had fully formed, rather than 1-day-old host puparia. Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae always prevailed in competition because it injected venom that not only paralysed the host, but also caused the death of D. giffardii larvae in multi-parasitized hosts. Dirhinus giffardii preferred to attack unparasitized hosts rather than hosts previously parasitized by P. vindemmiae, while P. vindemmiae did not show a preference between unparasitized hosts and hosts previously parasitized by D. giffardii.
The spatial dynamics of crop and ground active predatory arthropods and their aphid prey in winter wheat
Authors: Holland J.M. , Winder L. , Woolley C. , Alexander C.J. , Perry J.N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe distribution of aphid predators within arable fields has been previously examined using pitfall traps. With this technique predominantly larger invertebrate species are captured, especially Carabidae, but the technique provides no estimate of density unless mark–recapture is used. However, many other numerically important aphid predators occur in arable fields and relatively little is known about their distribution patterns nor whether they exhibit a density-dependent response to patches of cereal aphids. Identification of the most effective predators can allow management practices to be developed accordingly. In this study, the distribution of cereal aphids and their predators was examined by suction sampling within a field of winter wheat in Devon, UK, along with visual estimates of weed patchiness. Sampling was conducted on four occasions in 1999 across a grid of 128 sample locations. The distribution of 11 predatory taxa from the Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Linyphiidae was examined. Additionally, the total number of aphid predators and a predation index were used in these analyses. Carabid adults and larvae, along with staphylinid larvae showed the strongest aggregation into patches and the most temporal stability in their distribution. Other taxa had more ephemeral distributions as did the cereal aphids. The distribution of carabid larvae was disassociated from the distribution of cereal aphids for the first two sampling occasions indicating biocontrol was occurring. Other predatory groups showed both association and disassociation. Carabid larvae,Bathyphantesand total numbers of Linyphiidae showed a strong correlation with weed cover for two of the sample dates. Cereal aphids were disassociated from weed cover on three sampling occasions.
Nonequilibrium work theorem for a system strongly coupled to a thermal environment
Authors: Chris Jarzynski  
Published: September 2004

In a recent paper (2004 J. Stat. Mech.: Theor. Exp. P07006), Cohen and Mauzerall (CM) have
argued that the derivation of the nonequilibrium work relation given in a previous work of
Jarzynski (1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 2690) is flawed. Here I attempt to answer their
criticisms, both by presenting a detailed version of that derivation and by addressing
specific objections raised by CM. The derivation presented here is in fact somewhat
stronger than the one I gave in 1997, as it does not rely on the assumption of a weak
coupling term connecting the system of interest and its thermal environment.
On the evaluation of generalized Watson integrals
Authors: Joyce G. , Zucker I. 
Published: September 2004

The triple integrals
\[

W
1

(

z
1

)
=

1

π
3

∫
0
π

∫
0
π

∫
0
π

d

θ
1

d

θ
2

d

θ
3

1
−

z
1

3

(
cos
⁡

θ
1

cos
⁡

θ
2

+
cos
⁡

θ
2

cos
⁡

θ
3

+
cos
⁡

θ
3

cos
⁡

θ
1

)

W_1(z_1)=\frac {1}{\pi ^3}\int _0^\pi \int _0^\pi \int _0^\pi \frac {\mathrm {d}\theta _1\mathrm {d}\theta _2\mathrm {d}\theta _3}{1-\frac {z_1}{3} (\cos \theta _1\cos \theta _2+\cos \theta _2\cos \theta _3+\cos \theta _3\cos \theta _1)}

\]
and
\[

W
2

(

z
2

)
=

1

π
3

∫
0
π

∫
0
π

∫
0
π

d

θ
1

d

θ
2

d

θ
3

1
−

z
2

3

(
cos
⁡

θ
1

+
cos
⁡

θ
2

+
cos
⁡

θ
3

)

,

W_2(z_2)=\frac {1}{\pi ^3}\int _0^\pi \int _0^\pi \int _0^\pi \frac {\mathrm {d}\theta _1\mathrm {d}\theta _2\mathrm {d}\theta _3}{1-\frac {z_2}{3}(\cos \theta _1+\cos \theta _2+ \cos \theta _3)},

\]
where

z
1

z_1

and

z
2

z_2

are complex variables in suitably defined cut planes, were first evaluated by Watson in 1939 for the special cases

z
1

=
1

z_1=1

and

z
2

=
1

z_2=1

, respectively. In the present paper simple direct methods are used to prove that

{

W
j

(

z
j

)
:
j
=
1
,
2
}

\{W_j(z_j)\colon j=1,2\}

can be expressed in terms of squares of complete elliptic integrals of the first kind for general values of

z
1

z_1

and

z
2

z_2

. It is also shown that

W
1

(

z
1

)

W_1(z_1)

and

W
2

(

z
2

)

W_2(z_2)

are related by the transformation formula
\[

W
2

(

z
2

)
=
(
1
−

z
1

)

1

/

2

W
1

(

z
1

)
,

W_2(z_2)=(1-z_1)^{1/2}W_1(z_1),

\]
where
\[

z
2
2

=
−

z
1

(

3
+

z
1

1
−

z
1

)

.

z_2^2=-z_1\left (\frac {3+z_1}{1-z_1}\right ).

\]
Thus both of Watson’s results for

{

W
j

(
1
)
:
j
=
1
,
2
}

\{W_j(1)\colon j=1,2\}

are contained within a single formula for

W
1

(

z
1

)

W_1(z_1)

.
Information Loss over Time Defines the Memory Defect of Propofol
Authors: Veselis Robert A. , Reinsel Ruth A. , Feshchenko Vladimir A. , Johnson Ray 
Published: September 2004

Background
Sedative-hypnotic drugs impair memory, but details regarding the nature of this effect are unknown. The influences of propofol, thiopental, and dexmedetomidine on the performance of a task that isolates specific components of episodic memory function were measured.

Methods
Working (1 intervening item, 6 s) and long-term memory (10 intervening items, 33 s) were tested using auditory words in a continuous recognition task before and during drug administration. Eighty-three volunteer participants were randomly assigned to receive a constant target concentration of drug or placebo, producing sedative effects from imperceptible to unresponsiveness. Responsive participants were categorized as high or low performers, using a median split of long-term memory performance during drug administration. Recognition of words at the end of the study day was assessed.

Results
High performers had acquisition of material into long-term memory when drug was present at the same level as placebo. Retention of this material at 225 min was significantly less for propofol (39 +/- 23% loss of material) than for other drugs (17-23% loss; P < 0.01). Greater sedation in low performers was evident in multiple measures. Memory for words presented before drug was no different from that associated with placebo for all groups.

Conclusions
Lack of retention of material acquired into long-term memory during propofol administration, associated with minimal sedation, seems to define drug-induced amnesia. Sedation seems to impair the acquisition or encoding of material into long-term memory. Therefore, the putative targets of drug-induced amnesia by propofol are processes associated with retention of material in long-term memory.