bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A horrid little boy, airing my views’
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unlike both his grandfather and his father, who deserted Yokefleet at the earliest opportunity, Arthur Reginald Empson felt a sense of belonging to this seemingly lost place in the levels of the Ouse. He was not born to it: he had spent his early years in Worcestershire, and as a younger brother he had of course no idea that the patrilineal succession would fall to him. But he was a natural countryman, and took an energetic interest in the agriculture of what outsiders might look upon as a dull, dank waste land, as well as in its considerable sporting opportunities.
Poems 1935
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite winning an early reputation with the handful of poems that were included in Cambridge Poetry 1929, Empson had to wait a further six years before his publishers brought out a volume of his poetry. Coincidentally, in the very summer of 1929 when he at once gained his degree and lost his fellowship, he had written from Magdalene College to offer a collection of ‘about twenty poems’ for consideration by his friend Ian Parsons, who had recently joined the publishing house of Chatto & Windus. Parsons felt hesitant about the poems—’it is rather difficult to make a decision on so little work’1—but asked to see them in any case; he received the packet on 14 June, along with this modest and beguiling message:
‘Waiting for the end, boys’: Politics, Poets, and Mass-Observation
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having finished off the typescript of Pastoral, Empson was keen to travel up to Cambridge to show it to his mentor I. A. Richards, whom he eventually went to see in November. Strangely enough, however, the piece he sent Richards in advance of his visit was not from Pastoral, it was apparently an early draft of one of the essays that would be published several years later in The Structure of Complex Words. ‘William Empson . . . has just sent me the first draft of his new book—which I find intoxicatingly good,’ Richards wrote to T. S. Eliot. ‘A Dictionary article on the word Honest.
Camping Out: China, 1937–1938
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘What an ass I would have been if I had refused to leave England,’ Empson wrote with considerable self-surprise in March 1938, after spending more than six months in war-torn China. In the event, he would work there—the only European to endure what he justifiably called ‘the horrors of native life’2—for just over two full years ending in August 1939.
‘The savage life and the fleas and the bombs’: China, 1938–1939
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The journey by rail from Changsha to Hong Kong took three days and three nights, with no sleeping berth. After sitting up for so long, Empson and George yeh (who had travelled with him from Changsha) felt utterly downcast to find the city overflowing with Chinese exiles and foreign journalists. Empson pondered the possibility of seeking out a policeman, but just after midnight Yeh found some friends who were willing for them to sleep on the floor of their apartment, along with a huddle of other refugees and their babies.
The BBC War
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People keep writing for propaganda, which I can ‘t do, but I hope to cash in a little on pretending to know about China when I get home. Letter to mother, 2 June 1939 I gave up writing for ten years because I really thought allied propaganda important I dropped all my literary interests . . . because I got absorbed in the war; I thought the defeat of Hitler so important that I could do nothing else (it was a time of great happiness, looking back, and anyway of considerable pleasure, but I have just a steady trickle of mental productiveness, and it was then all directed into propaganda). I still think the war was quite important enough for that, and a good deal of my previous poetry had been concerned to say so.
Final Reckoning: The Affair of Fei Hsiao-t ‘ung
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empson wrote in 1953, just a few months after returning to England: ‘If you moved about in Peking you could not get an impression of widespread suspicion and anxiety. And the new China has something positive to over; the idea that it must be dismal to return to England does seem to me at least intelligible. ‘ Thus the outstanding question about his postwar career in China is: why did he choose, from 1952 until 1957, to become to a certain degree an apologist for the People ‘s Republic of China, a Communist state that was indicted by much of the western world both for acts of naked international aggression and for the scale on which it abused human rights at home? Was he blind or misguided, or simply—even stupidly—economical with the truth
‘A Mighty Raspberry ’: The Structure of Complex Words
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Structure of Complex Words, though it was published on 31 July 1951, took nearly twenty years to drive forward from initial notion to final, albeit Xawed, form. Empson can be found writing to his publisher Ian Parsons in October 1935: ‘I want to do a real dull book on Language, using formulae, which is more than half written though still shapeless. I hope to be able to send that along next year, but you might well not want to handle it. ‘1 Three years later, in February 1939, he seems to have forgotten quite what he had said to Parsons, for he wrote again, selfdoubtingly: ‘
Rescuing Donne and Coleridge
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1608, seven years into his recklessly passionate marriage, Donne would pen this letter: ‘I write from the fireside in my parler, and in the noise of three gamesome children, and by the side of her whom, because I have translated into such a wretched fortune, I must labour to disguise that from her by all honest devices, as giving her my company and discourse; therefore I steal from her all the time which I give this letter, and it is therefore that I take so short a list . But if I melt into a melancholy whilst I write, I shall be taken in the manner; and I sit by one too tender towards these impressions . . . ‘ Trawling for proof that Donne ‘s ‘dissatisfaction is discernible ‘, Carey quotes only the first part of the letter and comments with stupefying bluntness
Faustus: Finale
Authors: Haffenden John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wve years later: ‘I liked Hartman when I met him, and wish we could have talked more, but I feel sure we could have done one another no good. He is a good man someone tricked into Yale, and now languishes there, Yaled for life. He really does, fairly often, know what an author felt or intended, but his principles forbid him to mention it. ‘ There is no question but that Empson had come to feel radically out of sympathy, and largely out of touch, with recent critical theory; for years he had been disdainful of New Critical dogmatics, and of late he had set himself against all theory, especially any theory putatively informed by philosophy.
Plato’s Corpus
Authors: Klosko George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A set of interrelated problems concerning the interpretation of Plato should be discussed, before we move on to his political thought. These are explored from different points of view in the voluminous scholarly literature. Full discussion could well take a book in itself, and so I will not examine them in detail. But it is advisable briefly to indicate and to justify the positions I assume on some major questions of interpretation. Scholars who discuss Plato necessarily commit themselves to positions on these issues, however aware of this they are. Given the state of the evidence, different positions are defensible. Classical scholars are notorious for the intensity of their disagreements, and many disputes are unlikely ever to be resolved. Because of the variety of issues that are subject to dispute and widely different combinations of positions scholars assume, the result is an often bewildering variety of interpretations in the literature.
The Ascent to the Philosopher
Authors: Klosko George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the central books of the Republic, Plato reveals aspects of his philosophy barely hinted at earlier. The material discussed in Books V–VII touches on the highest reaches of ‘Platonism’ and yields a conception of the just individual, the philosopher, more exalted than anything seen in Book IV. But these books shed light on more than Plato’s moral psychology alone. When we examine the ideal state in the Republic, we see that many of its most distinctive features can be traced back to Plato’s metaphysical and epistemological views. The state’s rigid division between rulers and ruled is justified on the grounds of the former’s superior knowledge. This in turn rests on their exceptional natural endowments and on Plato’s beliefs that knowledge is fundamentally superior to belief and is unattainable by the vast majority of people. These views and others like them are unusual and difficult, but they are among the most important premises of Plato’s political thought.
Moulding Souls
Authors: Klosko George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In spite of the important differences between the virtues of the auxiliaries and rulers, there are strong similarities. Both are bound up with harmony between the parts of the soul. In both classes this is implanted through intensive early education, while the superior psychological condition of the rulers is superimposed upon this order through the higher studies described in Republic VII. Plato also holds that both types of virtue are founded on subordination of the appetites. In the souls of the auxiliaries, this is accomplished through political means. The appetites are forcibly suppressed by an alliance of the spirited and reasoning parts. In the souls of the rulers conflict between the parts is largely overcome by the normative rule of reason, as the energy of their appetites is drawn up and focused on the Forms. Plato’s position in the Republic is that the virtue and happiness of all three classes require that their appetites be carefully controlled.
Education and Moral Reform
Authors: Klosko George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having seen the conception of virtue Plato wished to bring into existence, we turn now to the means through which he believed it could be realized. As we have seen, the means Plato advocates in the Republic represent the rejection of the very different means relied on by Socrates in the earlier dialogues. Since Socrates’ belief that people could be persuaded to become virtuous rested on the inadequate, intellectualistic psychology of the early dialogues, once Plato moved to the psychological views discussed in Part II, he could no longer uphold Socrates’ position on moral reform. Of course in the Republic we find a sharply different view. The task of moral reform is given to the philosophically run state and is its most important function.
Multicultural Odysseys
Authors: Kymlicka Will 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are currently witnessing the global diffusion of multiculturalism, both as a political discourse and as a set of international legal norms. States today are under increasing international scrutiny regarding their treatment of ethnocultural groups, and are expected to meet evolving international standards regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, national minorities, and immigrants. This phenomenon represents a veritable revolution in international relations, yet has received little public or scholarly attention. In this book, Kymlicka examines the factors underlying this change, and the challenges it raises. Against those critics who argue that multiculturalism is a threat to universal human rights, Kymlicka shows that the sort of multiculturalism that is being globalized is inspired and constrained by the human rights revolution, and embedded in a framework of liberal-democratic values. However, the formulation and implementation of these international norms has generated a number of dilemmas. The policies adopted by international organizations to deal with ethnic diversity are driven by conflicting impulses. Pessimism about the destabilizing consequences of ethnic politics alternates with optimism about the prospects for a peaceful and democratic form of multicultural politics. The result is often an unstable mix of paralyzing fear and naive hope, rooted in conflicting imperatives of security and justice. Moreover, given the enormous differences in the characteristics of minorities (eg., their size, territorial concentration, cultural markers, historic relationship to the state), it is difficult to formulate standards that apply to all groups. Yet attempts to formulate more targeted norms that apply only to specific categories of minorities (eg., “indigenous peoples” or “national minorities”) have proven controversial and unstable. Kymlicka examines these dilemmas as they have played out in both the theory and practice of international minority rights protection, including recent developments regarding the rights of national minorities in Europe, the rights of indigenous peoples in the Americas, as well as emerging debates on multiculturalism in Asia and Africa.
Coffee-House Politicians
Authors: Barrell John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John Frost, a London attorney and Solicitor to the Lottery in the Stamp Office, had been a founder member of the Society for Constitutional Information and one of the most active campaigners for parliamentary reform in the early 1780s. When the reform campaign reawoke in 1792, he was active again—accompanying Tom Paine in his dramatic escape to France in September, and at the end of November presenting, with Joel Barlow, the SCI’s address to the National Convention of the newly declared French republic.1 Between those two events, however, he had returned to London and committed an indiscretion which would result, the following year, in his trial and imprisonment. On 6 November 1792, Frost attended the annual dinner of an agricultural society in a room above the Percy Coffee House, at the corner of Rathbone Place and Percy Street, just north of Oxford Street. At the end of a bibulous evening he went downstairs, intending to walk through the public coffee room to reach the street.
Introduction
Authors: Horsley Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Raymond Chandler is here referring specifically to the detective or mystery novel, but he would undoubtedly have been happy to include crime fiction as well in his admonition to academics who want to get their dead hands on the genre. Since Chandler ‘s day (he wrote these ‘Casual Notes on the Mystery Novel ‘ in1964), there have been, of course, increasing numbers of academics who have analysed both detective and crime fiction. Inevitably many of these analyses have sought to classify the different shoots of crime writing, to find ways of fixing their characteristics. Some critics, structuralists in particular, have seen the genre itself as functioning to impose its fixed shape on whatever material is put into it (Cobley 2000:123).
Crime Fiction as Socio-political Critique
Authors: Horsley Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evan Hunter argues that crime fiction is a genre ‘wide enough not to be subverted if you want to make social comments ‘; it is, James Ellroy maintains, ‘the perfect vehicle ‘ for social and political criticism.1 The remainder of this study will focus on writers who, like Ellroy and Hunter, see detective and crime fiction as effective instruments of socio-political critique, using the genre to address issues of class, race and gender, to expose corruption, and to explore the nature of prejudice.
All the Others: Dramatis Personae
Authors: Harper Margaret Mills 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Yeatses’ automatic sessions were an interaction between two people with a huge array of figures in the background, some speaking or yielding influence, some silent or weak in spiritual force, some with consistent presence, some fragmentary or fleeting existences. It is not easy to fix attention on this supporting crowd, not least because most of its members are not so much fully realized figures as complex symbolic elaborations of two basic ideas: first, that human beings are not single entities but complexes, on various levels and kinds of self-awareness, at various times and places; and second, that people are always connected to each other, although often the connections take place on one or other of these same levels, and so are almost infinitely complicated.
Introduction
Authors: Lunn-Rockliffe Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study of Tristan Corbière’s poetry aims to show how his innovative use of irony contributed to the general revolution in poetic language that marked the 1870s. Corbière’s idiosyncratic blend of oral diction, quotation, and self-contradiction is often overlooked in mainstream literary histories, but it is at the root of what Edmund Wilson calls the ‘conversational-ironic’ branch of Symbolism,¹ influencing Laforgue in the 1880s, and Pound and Eliot in the twentieth century. This tradition is often overshadowed by the parallel current of ‘seriousaesthetic’ poetry exemplified by Mallarmé, but irony can create effects as oblique and indeterminate as the more rarefied forms of ‘pure poetry’. Like his contemporaries such as Rimbaud, who are so often classed as Symbolists, Corbière is strictly speaking a precursor of the Symbolist movement proper.
Portraits of the Artist: Ironizing Irony
Authors: Lunn-Rockliffe Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some of Corbière’s most self-conscious texts are those which represent artist figures, and these are inextricably linked with the Paris setting. Whereas his Brittany poems present the poet as a generalized figure of exile, his Parisian poems define the artist’s exclusion more specifically as an effect of the destabilizing quality of urban life and the flux of values in an industrial age. Some commentators judge the urban poems inferior to those set in Brittany, and Gustave Kahn even suggests that Corbière, despite his efforts, did not really capture the spirit of ‘parisianisme’. However, the interest of the poems lies in the way Paris is filtered through the optic of an outsider, and descriptions of the urban life are internalized. In the city, appearances are deceptive, and being a poet involves awareness of the artifice of fiction and adopting a mask or pose.
‘Thought-Feeling’: The Language of Sensation
Authors: Lunn-Rockliffe Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corbière′ is a poetry of sensations rather than ideas, and concrete phenomena, whether the body itself or the physical environment. These sensations frequently represent emotions and ideas indirectly, as Eliot recognizes when he describes Corbière’s poetry as a ‘product of thought-feeling and feeling-thought’. This is the hallmark of metaphysical poetry for Eliot, who argues that where poetry in general merely fixes emotions, metaphysical poetry fuses ideas into emotions. Corbière’s ironic language constantly explores the interplay between thought and feeling, and his distinctive orality plays an instrumental role in this process. His dialogue sometimes conveys the raw immediacy of emotion, but he also frequently plays on the intonational ambiguity of print to suggest detachment. Double-voiced utterances and wordplay are devices used variously to protect against the rawness of emotions, to scrutinize and dissect them, and to convey their complexity.
‘Rondels pour après’: Circular Suggestion
Authors: Lunn-Rockliffe Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sprawl of ‘Litanie du Sommeil’ was one way of liberating poetry within the constraints of verse, but the final section of Les Amours jaunes, the ‘Rondels pour après’, represents a very different kind of departure. It comprises six poems experimenting with a traditional verse form, which proves to be a new form of liberation. Corbière pushes his style to the limits in these short texts which are very different from the rest of his work, aptly described by Laforgue as ‘la plus fine, la plus ténue, la plus pure partie comme art. Rondels pour après — de fines mauves pâles filigranées d’ironie sur un ton posthume.’¹ They are a discrete sequence, and marked out by their italic type. Since the rest of Les Amours jaunes is in roman type punctuated with italicized words, the rondels function as a ghostly typographic negative of the book.
Using the Data
Authors: Klingemann Hans-dieter , Volkens Andrea , Bara Judith L , Budge Ian , McDonald Michael d. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter moves on to a discussion of the material contained in the CD-ROM and of the ways in which this may be utilized and extended. The CD-ROM contains the data described in the earlier chapters, organized so as to facilitate the further analyses suggested there or in other appropriate investigations. We begin by describing data organization, and continue with suggestions about how this could be utilized to answer questions about party policy positions within and among the countries discussed in the text. We conclude with procedures for coding other party manifestos or related documents for MRG-type analyses.
Standard Designs
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The examples in Chapter 6 show that it is not always possible to find a design that is simultaneously optimum for several criteria. When there are only one or two factors, plots of the variance function, similar to those in Chapter 6, can be used to assess different aspects of a design’s behaviour. But, when there are several factors and the model is more complicated, such plots become more difficult to interpret. 6.4 provide another graphical means of design comparison. But, in general, designs satisfying one or several criteria are best found by numerical optimization of a design criterion, a function of the design points and of the number of trials.
The Analysis Of Experiments
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is primarily concerned with the design of experiments rather than with their analysis. We have typically assumed a linear model for uncorrelated observations of constant variance E(y) = Fβ, var(y) = σI (8.1) and have been concerned with designs that optimize aspects of a least squares fit for this model. However, in this chapter we use several sets of data in order to illustrate other components of a complete analysis for a typical experiment.
Non-Linear Models
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The experimental designs derived in the previous chapters for linear models do not depend on the values of the parameters β of the linear model. On the other hand, an important feature of designs for non-linear models is that they do depend on the values of the parameters. In general the values of these parameters will be unknown. In this chapter we describe locally optimum designs that depend on a point prior estimate of the unknown parameter. In the next chapter we extend the designs to include more general prior distributions of the parameters.
Design Augmentation
Authors: Atkinson A C , Donev A N , Tobias R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inadequacies of the model should be revealed during the analysis of the data using the methods described in Chapter 8. If the model is inadequate, the investigated relationship may be more complicated than was expected. Systematic departures from the model are often detected by plots of residuals against explanatory variables and by the use of added and constructed variable plots. These can suggest the inclusion of higher-order polynomial terms in the model, whereas systematic trends in the magnitude of the residuals may suggest the need for transformations (Atkinson 1985; Atkinson and Riani 2000, Chapter 4).