Abstract C101: Calcium signaling rewiring activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Peura Jessica , Ogoti Yamini , Pitarresi Jason 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and is often not diagnosed until it has already metastasized. Calcium and downstream signaling cascades contribute to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and facilitate metastasis formation in PDAC. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase-II (CaMK2), a downstream effector kinase activated by Ca2+, has previously been shown in vitro to be an important mediator of a partial/hybrid EMT program that gives tumor cells high metastatic proclivity. We hypothesize that CaMK2 is a critical node in the partial EMT state and thus deleted Camk2b in vivo to study the effect of its loss on tumor progression and metastasis. Methods: We generated a genetically engineered mouse model where Camk2b was knocked out in the KPCY autochthonous PDAC mouse model (herein KPCY-Camk2bcKO). Isolated cell lines were treated with the EMT-inducing ligand TGF-b to study the effect of Camk2b on tumor cell plasticity. Results: Prior in vitro work indicated that CAMK2 is required for hybrid EMT and thus we expected KPCY-Camk2bcKO mice to have fewer metastases and live longer. Surprisingly, the genetic deletion of Camk2b accelerated tumor formation and reduced overall survival relative to KPCY controls. Despite dying sooner, there was no difference in overall tumor burden in KPCY-Camk2bcKO mice. Pathological and immunofluorescence analysis of KPCY-Camk2bcKO tumors showed an increased number of poorly differentiated regions and EMT as indicated by loss of the epithelial cell marker ECADHERIN (E-CAD) in YFP lineage-labeled tumor cells. In stark contrast to prior work, the loss of Camk2b increased tumor cell plasticity, potentially highlighting a rewiring of calcium signaling circuits in the Camk2b-null state. To this end, KPCY-Camk2bcKO tumor cell lines displayed a baseline mesenchymal morphology in vitro and had lower expression of Cdh1 (the gene encoding E-CAD) mRNA. Using a flow cytometry-based approach, we also found baseline E-CAD protein levels to be diminished relative to KPCY lines. Additionally, KPCY-Camk2bcKO tumor cells were more responsive to the EMT-inducing ligand TGF-b and downregulated their E-CAD levels more than KPCY cells. Notably, treatment with low dose TGF-b also dramatically reduced E-CAD expression in KPCY-Camk2bcKO but not KPCY cells, indicating that the knockout cells are easily pushed towards a mesenchymal state. Conclusions: While CAMK2 has been studied previously as a facilitator of the EMT program, this work paradoxically demonstrates that Camk2b loss enhances cellular plasticity within PDAC. In this context, we speculate that loss of Camk2b rewires calcium signaling to drive EMT. In future studies, we will investigate the effect of Camk2b loss on the metastatic cascade and uncover mechanisms through which Camk2b loss makes PDAC tumor cells more plastic. We will also begin to characterize the non-cell autonomous roles of CAMK2B in crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment.
Citation Format: Jessica Peura, Yamini Ogoti, Jason Pitarresi. Calcium signaling rewiring activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C101.