bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hsp70 Gene Family: Hsp70A7d, Hsp70A7p, Hsp70Cldl, Hsp70Cld2, Hsp70C1p
Authors: Maroni Gustavo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sequence of Drosophila HSP70s is 70-80% identical to heat-shock proteins of groups as distant as vertebrates and vascular plants (Fig. 18.1), and some of the properties discussed below are from studies in other organisms. The different members of the Drosophila HSP70 family are no less than 97% identical. Two distinct regions have been identified in these proteins. The more highly conserved region is near the N-terminus; it contains an ATP-binding site and has weak ATPase activity. The other region, closer to the C-terminus, is more variable, and it has sites important for nucleolar localization. It has been suggested that a hydrophobic pocket on the protein surface is the site of HSP70 binding to hydrophobic residues of partly denatured proteins (Lindquist and Craig 1988; Schlesinger 1990 and references therein).
Janus: JanA, JanB
Authors: Maroni Gustavo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
janus is a small but complex locus that includes two partly overlapping transcription units: janA is upstream and its 3’ untranslated region contains the transcription initiation site of janB (jan Sequences and The Serendipity Gene Cluster Fig. 28.1) genes probably originated by duplication, judging from their sequence similarities and the comparable positions of two of the three introns in each gene (Yanicostas et al. 1989).
6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Gene: pgd
Authors: Maroni Gustavo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The sequence of Drosophila 6-PGD is 50% identical to prokaryotic 6-PGD and 60-70% identical to the porcine and ovine enzymes (Fig. 24.1) (Scott and Lucchesi 1991). 6-PGD is a homodimer; the monomer has a Mr of approximately 53 kD (Williamson et al. 1980).
UHrabithorax: Ubx
Authors: Maroni Gustavo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A family of at least five related polypeptides of approximately 40 kD, translated from alternatively spliced mRNAs (see Fig. 29.1B and discussion under Gene Organization and Expression). They all share the sequences encoded in exons at the 5’ and 3’ ends of the transcription unit; but they differ from each other with respect to whether they include one or more of three short internal segments, one nine amino acids long and the other two 27 amino acids each.
Violence and Peacefulness as Behavioral Potentialities of Primates
Authors: Silverberg James , Gray J Patrick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Seville Statement on Violence (SSV) was launched to counteract the aura of pessimism that its authors believe afflicts discussions on the possibility of eliminating or, at least, controlling war. The Statement (see Appendix, this volume) was to help that endeavor by refuting, as logically and scientifically invalid, the popular notion that we can blame war and violence on a genetically driven, precultural, human nature.
Determinants of Aggression in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri)
Authors: Baldwin John D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A broad-based biosocial theory of aggression would integrate evolutionary, physiological, and environmental-developmental determinants of behavior: Evolutionary processes select various physiological mechanisms that influence and are influenced by behavior during the developmental processes in each individual’s unique environmental setting. To date, there has been considerable research on and theory proposed for the physiological and environmental-developmental determinants of aggression in Saimiri, but no integration of the evolutionary perspective relevant to this behavior. Coe and Levine (1983), Coe et al. (1985), and others present good analyses of the role of hormones in Saimiri aggression; and the social and environmental determinants of the development of aggressive behavior have been described by Ploog et al. (1967), Baldwin (1969), Rosenblum (1974), Hopf et al. (1985), and others.
Causes and Consequences of Nonaggression in the Woolly Spider Monkey, or Muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)
Authors: Strier Karen B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Aggression and overt competition are commonly observed in multi-male, multi­ female primate societies. In general, females compete over access to preferred food resources while males compete for access to sexually receptive females (Wrangham 1979a). Intragroup feeding competition between females usually involves mild forms of agonistic behavior, such as displacements (Smuts 1987); in extreme cases, it may lead to the fission-fusion social systems characteristic of chimpanzees (Wrangham 1979b) and spider monkeys (McFarland 1986). In these species, females avoid high costs associated with intragroup feeding competition at small fruit patches by dispersing into small or independent foraging units. Agonistic interactions between females occur infrequently because females avoid each other. Competition between males, by contrast to females, is more frequent and more likely to escalate into full-fledged fights because of the greater, more direct importance of females to male reproductive success (Smuts 1987). This is especially true among the well-studied Old World semiterrestrial monkeys where males are also unrelated to one another (Strier 1990, submitted). Rates of agonistic interactions in savanna baboons, for example, may be as high as 0.24/hour when sexually receptive females are present (Hausfater 1975).
The Rise, Maintenance, and Destruction of Peaceable Polity: A Preliminary Essay in Political Ecology
Authors: Dentan Robert Knox 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Natural selection designs different kinds of animals and plants so that they avoid competition. A fit animal is not one that fights well, but one that avoids fighting all together [sic] (Colinvaux 1978:144). The colonial relationship which I had tried to define chained the colonizer and the colonized into an implacable dependence, molded their respective characters and dictated their conduct (Memmi 1965:ix).
The Progressive, the Immigrant, and the School
Authors: Fass Paula S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While still imperfect, our understanding of the emergence of the common school in the nineteenth century has become increasingly clear. Through the vigorous endeavors of a generation of gifted and energetic historians who have examined the successful common school campaigns, the early organization of the schools, as well as the intense conflicts that success often masked, we can now speak with confidence and considerable grace, as Carl Kaestle recently has, about the critical ways in which schooling in the nineteenth century was entwined with the developing capitalist economy, the ethos of republicanism, and the values of an ebullient Protestant middle class. As Kaestle has demonstrated, schooling for early nineteenth century Americans was intended to be a broadly socializing experience. The hoped for outcomes included high-minded character, a religiously de rived morality, and industriousness oriented to social progress-virtues understood to be essential to effective republican citizenship. “The chief end is to make GOOD CITIZENS,” an Illinois superintendent maintained at mid-century. “Not to make precocious scholars ... not to impart the secret of acquiring wealth . . . not to qualify directly for professional success ... but simply to make good citizens.” Toward this end, reformers labored to make at least a limited exposure to publicly supported schools the common possession of most Americans. Even the exceptions-blacks, Asians, Indians, whose relation to the republic was highly problematic emphasized the inclusive goals of the ideology for those who were potential constituents of the civic society and contributed to its polity.
New Day Coming: The Federal Government and Black Education in the I930s and ‘40s
Authors: Fass Paula S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Race had often been an issue in school discussions in the early twentieth century, but largely as this word was attached to immigrants. The special concerns of blacks had rarely been thrown into the pot of problems that schools were asked to solve. That, as much as anything else, suggests the degree to which black Americans were social outsiders. Although educators had begun to question the equal educability of some immigrants in the 1920s, the incorporation of the second generation by the schools, both academically and socially, had always been a central school objective, and the problem of the second generation underwrote the reconstruction of secondary education in the twentieth century. Blacks had not figured in these changes.
Why Move Blood?
Authors: Vogel Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One way to appreciate the necessity of some functional arrangement is to consider the consequences of its absence. Without being explicit about it, we use that kind of reasoning all the time. Will the car give grief if the brakes aren’t relined? Would life have been better if we hadn’t adopted three kittens? What if I had bought Eclectic Electric at or Fly by night Airlines at 75? Playing really elaborate “what if’ games with one’s personal circumstances might not improve your mental health, but playing them with human history must be at least a subliminal activity of every historian. At the very least, they provide practice in the use of the subjunctive mood.
Control
Authors: Vogel Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By this point, it’s ct:rtainly superfluous to dwell on the versatility of a well-evolved circulatory system. Upright or recumbent, even when sub merged in water or weightless in a spacecraft, you get an adequate flow of blood to maintain your various organs. Be daring and jump out of bed sometime, and you’ll feel only a momentary dizziness from any lag in the readjustment of flow to your head. Exercise vigorously, and a whole panoply of circulatory compensations occur-not only in heart rate and hence cardiac output, but also in the relative distribution of blood flow. Active muscles get more blood, inactive ones less, and the organs such as kidneys, liver, digestive gear, and so forth still less. These compensations, by the way, underly the likelihood of getting’ stomach cramps from heavy activity after a big meal. Mere anticipation of troubfo-the late night ring of phone that triggers the parental gut spasm-is enough to call forth all sorts of circulatory readjustments.
The Uses of Regret
Authors: Landman Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1985 I set about buying a car. I wanted to make a decision I wouldn’t regret. Knowing something about decision theory, I asked myself what I valued most in a car (my “subjective utilities,” in the jargon of economic decision theory) and the likelihood of get­ ting what I wanted (the “subjective expected probabilities”). The two most important qualities to me were cost and reliability. As for cost, I decided to buy a used car, to avoid paying the high interest of a loan on a new car. My vivid images of a car that spent more time in my mechanic’s garage than mine, or of me stranded with a broken-down car and helped out by an ax murderer (the subjective probabilities don’t always jibe with the objective ones), told me to buy a car less than three years old. I knew about the illogic of failing to make use of statistical information, so I went right to Consumer Reports to look up the repair information on 1982 and 1983 cars. It didn’t take me long to identify a couple of makes for which the expected probabilities of reliability were very high. So when an ad for a two-year-old Toyota Corolla appeared in the pa­ per, I immediately went over to see it. Everything seemed in order during the test drive, and it was Sunday, when my mechanic wasn’t available, and of course the owner had another buyer very keen on this car, so I bought it.
Many Actors in Search of a Policy: U.S. Discussions About the Bolsheviks, 1917-1919
Authors: McFadden David W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The United States’ approach toward the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia was fraught with contradictions. On one hand, Woodrow Wilson believed, as he told William Wiseman, Colonel House, and other personal advisors and confidants, not only that the Russian people should be left alone to work out their own salvation, but even that they should be forced to get themselves together and work it out. Only after democracy had been given a chance in Russia, and the differences “worked out,” could the United States “do business” with Russia. A major problem of this approach plagued Wilson throughout his final term in the White House: what do you do with the Bolsheviks while you are waiting, and hoping, and helping, the Russian people return to their senses and “return” democracy to their country?
Paris III: Hoover-Nansen—The Politics of Food Relief
Authors: McFadden David W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Hoover-Nansen proposal for food relief and a Bolshevik ceasefire is usually put in the context of the demise of the Bullitt mission.1 In reality, Colonel House began “maturing” these plans almost from the moment of his first meeting with Bullitt on his return from Moscow.2 The concept of food relief in exchange for an end to hostilities was first formulated by House and Gordon Auchincloss in the summer of 1918 as a possible way to avoid Allied intervention and stop a developing civil war.
“The Fatal Weakness”: May 1950–April 1954
Authors: Schulzinger Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In july 1951 Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs Livingston T. Merchant reflected gloomily that “our side cannot win in Indochina given the fatal weakness of the native regimes, the incurability of the French attitudes and the . . . continuation of an aggressive Communist China on its northern frontier.” Merchant held an influential though secondary position in the government hierarchy, but it was remarkable how similar his views were to those of the people who directed American policy toward Indochina, France, and the Cold War in Asia. Equally noteworthy was the gap, growing into a chasm, between this privately expressed skepticism about the prospects for victory in the war and the publicly stated optimistic support for France. U.S. officials backed France’s war effort because French youth were dying in Indochina at a time when young Americans faced the ultimate sacrifice in Korea.
Many of the earlier differences of opinion over U.S. policy toward Southeast Asia—between Asia firsters and Europe firsters, between people on the scene and those in Washington—diminished after the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950. From then until the battle of Dienbienphu in the spring of 1954, high U.S. government officials agreed on the importance of Indochina, although they differed over the best way to oppose the Vietminh.
Richard Nixon’s War: 1969-1973
Authors: Schulzinger Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1969 the war had devastated the land and demoralized the people of Vietnam both north and south of the seventeenth parallel. It had also exhausted the patience of most Americans. The government of South Vietnam remained unpopular, but it was more stable than it had been before the election of President Nguyen Van Thieu and Vice President Nguyen Cao Ky in September 1967. Ordinary South Vietnamese continued to resent the avoidance of conscription by privileged young men. Village life in Vietnam had been turned upside down, as the fighting in the countryside drove over four million peasants from their traditional homes into the bloated cities. Many of these newcomers depended for their livelihoods on the jobs or handouts provided by hundreds of thousands of Americans in Vietnam, whose presence confronted ordinary Vietnamese with a heart-wrenching dilemma. As long as massive numbers of Americans remained in Vietnam, the war would continue. But their departure would leave hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese destitute.
Above the seventeenth parallel, the government retained the tight control over North Vietnamese society it had exercised since 1954. But Ho Chi Minh, the charismatic leader whose nationalist achievements had helped bind Northerners together, was not the man he had been after the Vietminh’s victory over France.
Anxiety in Eden
Authors: Tanner John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tanner uses Kierkegaard's thought, in particular his theory of anxiety, to enrich a bold new reading of Milton's Paradise Lost. He argues that for Milton and Kierkegaard, the path to sin and to salvation lies through anxiety, and that both writers include anxiety within the compass of paradise. The first half of the book explores anxiety in Eden before the Fall, original sin, the aetiology of evil, and prelapsarian knowledge. The second half examines anxiety after the Fall, offering original insights into such issues as the demonic personality, remorse, despair, and faith.
Anxious Knowledge
Authors: Tanner John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Strictly speaking, according to Kierkegaard, Adam and Eve do not choose evil but leap into it (CA, 49).This essential distinction between a choice and a leap corresponds to the nature of their knowledge. A choice is based on knowledge, a leap on ignorance. As with the snake, the contrast between the Fall as choice and as leap points to decidedly divergent orientations dividing Paradise Lost and The Concept of Anxiety. Milton stresses Adam and Eve’s comprehensive knowledge of evil before the Fall, in order to make the Fall the result of responsible choice; Kierkegaard emphasizes their existential ignorance of evil, in order to portray the Fall as a leap into the unknown. Yet, once again, within this fundamental difference persist numerous similarities as both works probe the intersection between knowing and being posited by Genesis and by Judeo-Christian culture generally. This chapter explores Kierke-gaard’s and Milton’s views of how innocence and guilt affect one’s knowledge of evil.
Temptation by Anxiety
Authors: Tanner John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much more than carnal appetite tempts Milton’s Eve and Adam to taste the prohibited fruit. In addition to being an attractive, savory-smelling food (9.730-43), the fruit also constitutes a “pledge” (3.95), “sign” (4.428), “memorial” (CP, 6.352) “of their [Adam and Eve’s] obedience.” The interdicted tree serves as “freedom’s necessary other” (CA, 39n), conspicuously defining the limit or boundary in Paradise against which innocent creatures can assert their freedom from God, as well as, of course, prove their free fealty to God.
Demonic Despair
Authors: Tanner John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No sooner is Satan “hurl’d headlong flaming” to hell than he escapes from the “Stygian flood” and thence from hell itself. By this act, Milton’s Satan appears successfully to evade his punishment. Yet no matter how far Satan may distance himself from hell geographically, he can never elude damnation spiritually: for though Milton’s hell is a place, it is even more essentially a condition of the demonic self. As the narrator shrewdly remarks upon Satan’s arrival on earth: “for within him Hell / He brings, and round about him, nor from Hell / One step no more than from himself can fly/ By change of place” (4.20-23). In like fashion, we learn out of Satan’s own mouth, “Which way, I fly is Hell, myself am Hell” (4.75). Hell is Satanic selfhood; its boundaries and contours are defined by the self Satan fashions for himself. Hence, there are few lurid scenes of corporal torture in Milton’s inferno, as compared to Dante’s, for damnation in Paradise Lost is primarily an inward condition. This internalization of hell forms a crucial plank in the poem’s theodicy. By fixing hell in Satan’s psyche, Milton defines Satan’s punishment as not, principally, something God does to the Devil but rather something Satan does to himself, thereby softening the notion of a vindictive God. Milton thus partially displaces crudely physical and punitive conceptions of hell with the hell of despair. He depicts despair, in turn, as the inexorable consequence of the demonic mode of existence.
‘‘Clea.n1ng Up” Morallity: The Politics of Sex and Age
Authors: Maclean Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a site of debauchery, the Imperial Palace of the Klan rivaled some of the motion picture sets its representatives so habitually rebuked. The national chaplain of the Klan, Caleb Ridley, a wellknown Atlanta minister and Prohibitionist, was arrested in 1923 for driving while intoxicated. Imperial Wizard Simmons, according to numerous people in a position to know, drank heavily, relished pornography, and regularly patronized prostitutes. His assistants E. Y. Clarke and Mary Elizabeth Tyler, the masterminds of the Klan’s growth after 1920, were once arrested together, inebriated and in the flesh, during a tryst in a hotel. The list could go on. The unsavory conduct of the highest leadership helped cause its overthrow and replacement in 1922-and cost their movement much of its following over the decade.1 The hypocrisy of the order’s national officials is more than ironic, however. It underscores, in a circuitous way, their Machiavellian appreciation of the appeal of morality campaigns for the people they hoped to attract. And, indeed, rarely did local chapters suffer such scandals. To rank-andfile members, the Klan’s professed commitment to purity meant a great deal.
The Approaching Apocalypse: The Politics of Race
Authors: Maclean Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The year 1921 was a pivotal one in Georgia. The trough of the postwar depression, it was the year the Klan enjoyed its most spectacular gains. Not coincidentally, it also saw an unprecedented cleavage among the forces committed to white supremacy. In late April of that year, outgoing governor Hugh Manson Dorsey issued a public statement on the plight of black Georgians. The fruit of much prodding from African-American activists and white liberals, Dorsey’s booklet detailed 135 instances of documented violence against the state’s black residents in the years 1919 to 1921 alone, including cases of forced flight, peonage, individual acts of cruelty, and lynching. The statement appeared in an already charged climate. The month before, pushed by the Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), Dorsey had publicly refuted inflammatory lies told by Klan lecturers.
Conclusion
Authors: Maclean Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Second Klan in Wider Perspective. This story should convince us of one thing: that there are not two Germanys, a good one and a bad one, but only one. . . . Wicked Germany is merely good Germany gone astray, good Germany in misfortune, in guilt, and ruin. For that reason it is quite impossible for one born there simply to renounce the wicked, guilty Germany and to declare, “I am the good, the noble, the just Germany in the white robe; I leave it to you to exterminate the wicked one.” The Klan never did become strong enough to attempt in Ohio what it had in Georgia. Within a decade of its founding, the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was on the wane. Nationally, the Klan’s power crested in the years 1924 and 1925. With state and local variations, it began to flag thereafter. By 1926, observers around the country were reporting smaller numbers and dwindling influence.2 Following a brief revival when Catholic New Yorker Al Smith ran for President, the decline became terminal in 1928. A later, short-lived resuscitation in the mid-’thirties proved insufficient to keep creditors at bay. With initiation and dues receipts dwindling, Klan officers sold the Imperial Palace in 1936. Eight years later, the order quietly dissolved, unable to pay the taxes it had evaded over the years.