bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal DNA methylation in patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Powell Matthew A. , Mutch David G. , Rader Janet S. , Herzog Thomas J. , Huang Tim Hui‐Ming , Goodfellow Paul J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurgery is curative for the majority of patients with endometrial carcinoma: Consequently, the use of adjuvant therapy has been controversial. More effective methods to identify patients who are at risk for recurrence and who would benefit from adjuvant therapy are needed. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) methylation in patients with endometrial carcinoma.METHODSrDNA methylation was assessed in 215 endometrial tumors by Southern blot analysis of HpaII‐digested DNA using a probe corresponding to the 5.8 and 28S ribosomal subunits. Tumor rDNA methylation status was correlated with patient outcome.RESULTSThe majority of tumors demonstrated high levels of rDNA methylation (rDNA‐high; 74%). Both disease free survival and overall survival were significantly worse for patients with low‐level rDNA methylation (rDNA‐low; P < 0.0001). African‐American patients were more likely to have rDNA‐low tumors than Caucasian patients (P = 0.002). Among the subpopulation of patients with endometrial carcinoma for whom the use of adjuvant therapy is most controversial (148 women with Stage I–II endometrioid tumors), survival was significantly worse for the patients with rDNA‐low tumors (P < 0.0001); and, using multivariate analyses, tumor rDNA level was the only significant prognostic factor for both disease free survival and overall survival (hazard ratios, 11.0 and 26.3, respectively; P < 0.01 for both).CONCLUSIONSrDNA methylation is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with endometrial carcinoma that may serve to identify women with early‐stage disease at who are at high risk for recurrence. Racial differences in DNA methylation may explain the historically observed disparity in survival between African‐American patients and Caucasian patients. Cancer 2002;94:2941–52. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10559
Paget disease of the nipple
Authors: Kothari Ashutosh S. , Beechey‐Newman Nicolas , Hamed Hisham , Fentiman Ian S. , D'Arrigo Corrado , Hanby Andrew M. , Ryder Ken 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe treatment of Paget disease by mastectomy has been challenged recently in favor of breast‐conserving techniques. A large series of patients treated with mastectomy has been reviewed to assess the feasibility of less radical surgery.METHODSThe cases of 70 women with a clinical diagnosis of Paget disease were reviewed. The type, grade, receptor and node status, and the mammographic and pathologic extent of the underlying breast malignancy were determined. The survival of patients with invasive disease was compared with matched controls without Paget disease.RESULTSThe underlying malignancy was invasive in 58% of cases. Despite the fact that only one third of women presented with a palpable mass, the malignancy was frequently extensive, being confined to the retroareolar region in only 25% of cases. The true extent of the disease was underestimated by mammography in 43% of cases. Of the patients with ductal in situ carcinoma, 96.5% had high‐grade carcinomas and 100% had invasive carcinomas of high cytonuclear grade. Overexpression of the c‐erb‐B2 oncogene was detectable in 83% of cases. Patients with Paget disease had a significantly worse survival than matched controls, but this difference was eliminated if they were also matched for c‐erb‐B2 status.CONCLUSIONSPaget disease is often associated with extensive underlying malignancy, which is difficult to assess accurately either clinically or mammographically. As a consequence, cone excision of the nipple would have resulted in incomplete excision in 75% of cases. The underlying disease is of high grade and is frequently c‐erb‐B2 positive with a resulting poor prognosis. Aggressive local and systemic treatment would seem to be merited. Cancer 2002;95:1–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10638
Differential expression of α3 and α6 integrins in the developing mouse inner ear
Authors: Davies Dawn , Holley Matthew C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of the mammalian inner ear involves a complex series of cell‐cell and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions. These interactions are likely to be mediated by families of adhesion molecules, including the integrins. We have studied the expression of three integrin subunits known to be expressed on epithelia in a number of tissues (namely, α3, α6, and β4) during the development of the murine inner ear. At E10.5, both α3 and α6 were expressed in the epithelial layers of the otocyst. The expression of α6 was concentrated in an anterioventral region of the epithelium and in a proportion of the cells forming the cochlear‐vestibular and facial ganglia. By E12.5, α6 showed a more restricted expression, confined mainly to the pro‐sensory epithelia and the neural processes from the cochlear‐vestibular ganglion. In contrast, α3 was expressed in epithelia adjacent to the pro‐sensory areas. This reciprocal expression pattern was maintained until birth. Between birth and P6, a switch in expression occurred such that α3 was upregulated and α6 was downregulated in the sensory epithelia of both the auditory and vestibular systems. At this stage, α3 was expressed in all the epithelia lining the scala media, thus defining the endolymph compartment. The expression of β4 was restricted to epithelial/mesenchymal borders throughout the developmental stages studied, suggesting that α6 expression observed within the epithelium and neuronal tissue was α6β1. The early expression and changing pattern of α3 and α6 integrins during development of the mammalian inner ear suggests that they may be involved in the molecular processes that define epithelial boundaries and guide sensory innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 445:122–132, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Digital atlases of the antennal lobe in two species of tobacco budworm moths, the oriental Helicoverpa assulta (male) and the American Heliothis virescens (male and female)
Authors: Berg Bente G. , Galizia C. Giovanni , Brandt Robert , Mustaparta Hanna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antennal lobe of the moth brain is the primary olfactory center processing information about pheromones and plant odors. We present here a digital atlas of the glomerular antennal lobe structures in the male of Helicoverpa assulta and the male and female of Heliothis virescens, based on synaptic antibody staining combined with confocal microscopy. The numbers of the glomeruli in the three specimens were similar, 65, 66, and 62, respectively. Whereas the male antennal lobe has a macroglomerular complex consisting of three and four units in the two species, the female lobe has two enlarged glomeruli at a corresponding position, near the entrance of the antennal nerve. Another large glomerulus, showing homology in the three specimens, is ventrally located. The small size of the heliothine moths is advantageous for confocal microscopy because the entire brain can be visualized as a single image stack. The maps are freely accessible on the internet, and the digital form of the data allows each atlas to be rotated and sectioned at any angle, providing for the identification of glomeruli in different preparations. J. Comp. Neurol. 446:123–134, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vocal–acoustic circuitry and descending vocal pathways in teleost fish: Convergence with terrestrial vertebrates reveals conserved traits
Authors: Goodson James L. , Bass Andrew H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVocal behavior is multifaceted and requires that vocal‐motor patterning be integrated at multiple brain levels with auditory, neuroendocrine, and other social behavior processes (e.g., courtship and aggression). We now provide anatomical evidence for an extensive vocal network in teleost fishes (Batrachoididae:Porichthys notatus;Opsanus beta) that is strongly integrated with neuroendocrine and auditory pathways and that exhibits striking similarities to the vocal‐acoustic circuitry known for mammals. Biotin compound injections into neurophysiologically identified vocal regions of the forebrain (preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus) and of the midbrain (periaqueductal gray and paralemniscal tegmentum) reveal extensive connectivity within and between these regions, as well as reciprocal relationships with the auditory thalamus and/or auditory midbrain (torus semicircularis). Thus, specific components of the basal forebrain and midbrain are here designated as theforebrain vocal‐acoustic complex(fVAC) andmidbrain vocal‐acoustic complex(mVAC), respectively. Biotin injections into the mVAC and a previously identified hindbrain vocal pattern generator likewise provide anatomical evidence for a distributed network of descending projections to the vocal pacemaker‐motoneuron circuitry. Together, the present experiments establish a vocal‐auditory‐neuroendocrine network in teleost fish that links the forebrain and midbrain to the hindbrain vocal pattern generator (i.e., fVAC → mVAC → pattern generator) and provides an anatomical framework for the previously identified neuropeptide modulation of vocal activity elicited from the forebrain and midbrain, which contributes to the expression of sex‐ and male morph‐specific behavior. We conclude with a broad comparison of these findings with those for other vertebrate taxa and suggest that the present findings provide novel insights into the structure of conserved behavioral regulatory circuits that have led to evolutionary convergence in vocal‐acoustic systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:298–322, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the rat ventrolateral medulla
Authors: Phillips Jacqueline K. , Goodchild Ann K. , Dubey Ratna , Sesiashvili Erekle , Takeda Mamoru , Chalmers John , Pilowsky Paul M. , Lipski Janusz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdrenergic (C1) neurons located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla are considered a key component in the control of arterial blood pressure. Classically, C1 cells have been identified by their immunoreactivity for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and/or phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT). However, no studies have simultaneously demonstrated the expression of aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH) in these neurons. We examined the expression and colocalization of all four enzymes in the rat ventrolateral medulla using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. Retrograde tracer injected into thoracic spinal segments T2–T4 was used to identify bulbospinal neurons. Using fluorescence and confocal microscopy, most cells of the C1 group were shown to be double or triple labeled with TH, DBH, and PNMT, whereas only 65–78% were immunoreactive for AADC. Cells that lacked detectable immunoreactivity for AADC were located in the rostral C1 region, and approximately 50% were spinally projecting. Some cells in this area lacked DBH immunoreactivity (6.5–8.3%) but were positive for TH and/or PNMT. Small numbers of cells were immunoreactive for only one of the four enzymes. Numerous fibres that were immunoreactive for DBH but not for TH or PNMT were noted in the rostral C1 region. Single‐cell RT‐PCR analysis conducted on spinally projecting C1 neurons indicated that only 76.5% of cells that contained mRNA for TH, DBH, and PNMT contained detectable message for AADC. These experiments suggest that a proportion of C1 cells may not express all of the enzymes necessary for adrenaline synthesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:20–34, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotoxic destruction of distinct catecholamine subgroups produces selective impairment of glucoregulatory responses and neuronal activation
Authors: Ritter Sue , Bugarith Kishor , Dinh Thu T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe toxin‐antibody complex anti‐dβh‐saporin (DSAP) selectively destroys dβh‐containing catecholamine neurons. To test the role of specific catecholamine neurons in glucoregulatory feeding and adrenal medullary secretion, we injected DSAP, unconjugated saporin (SAP), or saline bilaterally into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) or spinal cord (T2–T4) and subsequently tested rats for 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG)‐induced feeding and blood glucose responses. Injections of DSAP into the PVH abolished 2DG‐induced feeding, but not hyperglycemia. 2DG‐induced Fos expression was profoundly reduced or abolished in the PVH, but not in the adrenal medulla. The PVH DSAP injections caused a nearly complete loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH‐ir) neurons in the area of A1/C1 overlap and severe reduction of A2, C2, C3 (primarily the periventricular portion), and A6 cell groups. Spinal cord DSAP blocked 2DG‐induced hyperglycemia but not feeding. 2DG‐induced Fos‐ir was abolished in the adrenal medulla but not in the PVH. Spinal cord DSAP caused a nearly complete loss of TH‐ir in cell groups A5, A7, subcoeruleus, and retrofacial C1 and a partial destruction of C3 (primarily the ventral portion) and A6. Saline and SAP control injections did not cause deficits in 2DG‐induced feeding, hyperglycemia, or Fos expression and did not damage catecholamine neurons. DSAP eliminated dβh immunoreactivity but did not cause significant nonspecific damage at injection sites. The results demonstrate that hindbrain catecholamine neurons are essential components of the circuitry for glucoprivic control of feeding and adrenal medullary secretion and indicate that these responses are mediated by different subpopulations of catecholamine neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:197–216, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conservation of neuronal number and size in the entorhinal cortex of behaviorally characterized aged rats
Authors: Merrill David A. , Chiba Andrea A. , Tuszynski Mark H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite abundant evidence of behavioral and electrophysiological dysfunction of the rodent hippocampal formation with aging, the structural basis of age‐related cognitive decline remains unclear. Recently, unbiased stereological studies of the mammalian hippocampus have found little evidence to support the dogma that cellular loss accompanies hippocampal aging, thereby supporting an alternative hypothesis that aging is marked by widespread conservation of neuronal number. However, to date, the effects of aging have not been reported in another key component of memory systems in the rodent brain, the entorhinal cortex. In the present study, we stereologically estimated total neuronal number and size (cross‐sectional area and cell volume) in the subdivisions and cellular layers of the rat entorhinal cortex, using the optical fractionator and nucleator, respectively. Comparisons were made among Fischer 344 rats that were young, aged‐impaired, and aged‐unimpaired (based on functional analysis in the Morris water maze). No significant differences in cell number or size were observed in any of the entorhinal subdivisions or laminae examined in each group. Thus, aging is associated with widespread conservation of neuronal number, despite varying degrees of cognitive decline, in all memory‐related systems examined to date. These data suggest that mechanisms of age‐related cognitive decline are to be found in parameters other than neuronal number or size in the cortex of the mammalian brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:445–456, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volume and time doubling of graphs and random walks: The strongly recurrent case
Authors: Telcs András 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper proves upper and lower off‐diagonal, sub‐Gaussian transition probability estimates for strongly recurrent random walks under sufficient and necessary conditions. Besides the known conditions, volume doubling and the elliptic Harnack inequality, a new property is introduced: time doubling. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparing Windows NT, Linux, and QNX as the basis for cluster systems
Authors: Kavas Avi , Feitelson Dror G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClusters use commodity hardware and software components to provide an environment for high‐performance parallel processing. A major issue in the development of a cluster system is the choice of the operating system that will run on each node. We compare three alternatives: Windows NT, Linux, and QNX—a real‐time microkernel. The comparison is based on expressive power, performance, and ease‐of‐use metrics. The result is that none of these systems has a clear advantage over the others in all the metrics, but that each has its strong and weak points. Thus any choice of a base system will involve some technical compromises, but not major ones. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying developmental theory to the assessment and treatment of childhood disorders: does it make a difference?
Authors: Ollendick Thomas H. , Grills Amie E. , King Neville J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the role of developmental theory in the assessment and treatment of child behaviour disorders, with special reference to the anxiety disorders. Following a brief review of the tenets of developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology, we illustrate the role of developmental theory in clinical research and practice. We suggest that developmental theory guides us in the selection and use of developmentally sensitive assessment strategies. Moreover, we indicate that use of developmental theory assists us in the treatment of children and adolescents by helping us determine when a behaviour problem is significant and when to initiate treatment, how to determine the goals of treatment and to select targets for treatment outcome, which treatment strategies to select for intervention, and how to determine the context of intervention. We conclude that the importance of developmental theory is axiomatic when working with children and adolescents. Still, considerable more work is needed before we can conclude that we have fully integrated developmental theory into our ongoing clinical research and practice with children. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A step‐by‐step approach to compute a consistent initialization for the MNA
Authors: Estévez Schwarz D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne of the difficulties of the numerical integration methods for differential–algebraic equations (DAEs) is the computation of consistent initial values before starting the integration, i.e. calculating values that satisfy the given algebraic constraints as well as the hidden constraints if higher index problems are considered.This paper presents an approach to calculate consistent initial values for index‐2 DAEs starting up from possibly inconsistent ones for systems arising from modified nodal analysis (MNA) in circuit simulation. This article is based on the results from Estévez Schwarz and Tischendorf, International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 2000; 28: 131–162. Several of the denotations and results that we use were introduced there in more detail. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐infrared dyes for six‐color immunophenotyping by laser scanning cytometry
Authors: Gerstner Andreas O.H. , Lenz Dominik , Laffers Wiebke , Hoffman Robert A. , Steinbrecher Michael , Bootz Friedrich , Tárnok Attila 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo adequately analyze the complexity of the immune system and reduce the required sample volume for immunophenotyping in general, more measurable colors for the discrimination of leukocyte subsets are necessary. Immunophenotyping by the laser scanning cytometer (LSC), a slide‐based cytometric technology, combines cell detection based on multiple colors with their subsequent visualization without the need for physical cell sorting. In the present study, the filter setting of the LSC was adapted for the measurement of the far‐red emitting dye cyanine 7 (Cy7), thereby increasing the number of measurable commercially available fluorochromes.MethodsThe optical filters of the LSC were replaced—photomultiplier (PMT) 3/allophycocyanin (APC): 740‐nm dichroic long pass, and 670‐/55‐nm bandpass; PMT 4/Cy7: 810‐/90‐nm bandpass. Peripheral blood leukocytes were stained directly by fluorochrome‐labeled antibodies or by indirect staining. The tandem dyes of Cy7 (phycoerythrin [PE]‐Cy7, APC‐Cy7) and the fluorochromes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), PE, PE‐Cy5, and APC were tested alone and in different combinations.ResultsWith the new filter combination and tandem fluorochromes, Cy7 was measurable at 488‐nm (argon laser) or 633‐nm (helium‐neon laser) excitation. Resolution was in the range of FITC for PE‐Cy7 but approximately 30% lower for APC‐Cy7; spillover into the respective donor fluorochrome channel for both tandem dyes was prominent. A six‐color panel for leukocyte subtyping was designed.ConclusionsWith this adaptation, it is possible to measure the tandem conjugates PE‐Cy7 and APC‐Cy7. This new setup opens the way for six‐color immunophenotyping by LSC. Cytometry 48:115–123, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pulmonary rheumatoid nodule: Case report and review of the major cytologic features
Authors: Filho Jorge Sergio Reis , Soares Maria Fernanda , Wal Raquel , Christmann Romy Beatriz , Liu Christian Bark , Schmitt Fernando C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients with rheumatoid disease may develop extra‐articular lesions, affecting viscera and soft tissues. Pulmonary rheumatoid nodules show morphologic features reminiscent of a necrotizing inflammation of rheumatoid synovitis and differ from subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules only by their location, extension, and size. Although cytologic studies on pleural effusions in rheumatoid disease have long been performed, there are no more than three reports concerning the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of pulmonary rheumatoid nodules. The authors report on a case of a 62‐yr‐old woman with rheumatoid disease in whom a FNA diagnosis of pulmonary rheumatoid nodule was successfully performed. The authors highlight the main cytologic features of the entity and emphasise the high index of clinical and pathologic suspicions needed to be able to diagnose this lesion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:150–153; DOI 10.1002/dc.10007 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of primary central nervous system neoplasms in cerebrospinal fluid specimens
Authors: Chhieng David C. , Elgert Paul , Cohen Jean‐Marc , Jhala Nirag C. , Cangiarella Joan F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough two‐thirds of tumors occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) are primary neoplasms, only 10% of positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens are from primary CNS tumors. In this study, we reviewed the cytologic findings of 21 positive CSF specimens from primary CNS tumors. A computer search identified 21 cases of positive CSF specimens from patients with primary CNS tumors from the archives. Follow‐up included review of medical charts and histologic correlation. The specimens were from 20 patients (9 females and 11 males). Their ages ranged from 6–83 yr, old with a mean of 30 yr. The cases included 9 medulloblastomas, 7 gliomas (3 glioblastoma multiformes, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 2 ependymomas), 2 germinomas, 2 non‐Hodgkin's large B‐cell lymphomas, and 1 ganglioneurocytoma. Two cases were classified as suspicious and the remaining as positive for malignancy. Immunocytochemistry was employed in 3 cases to support the cytologic diagnosis. These cases included one large‐cell lymphoma (leukocyte‐common antigen‐positive), one germinoma (placental alkaline phosphatase‐positive), and the ganglioneurocytoma (neuron‐specific enolase‐ and synaptophysin‐positive). There were no false‐positive cases. Our results suggest that positive CSF cytology in patients with a primary CNS tumor is a reliable indicator of malignancy and reflects leptomeningeal involvement. The use of immunocytochemistry is helpful in confirming the cytologic impression in some cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:209–212. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.