bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver Nitrate Catalyzed Sulfonylation of O-Propargyl Alkynes
Authors: Menezes Paulo H. , Sátiro Bárbara G. , Moura Igor M. R. , Almeida Cláudia L. A. , Freitas Queila P. B. , Oliveira Roberta A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of new catalytic methods based on lower-cost metals under environmentally friendly conditions is still a challenge. Herein, we report an efficient strategy for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones from O-propargyl alkynes and sodium salts of sulfinic acids using silver nitrate, an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, under air atmosphere using aqueous conditions. The products were obtained in good to moderate yields, and the mechanism of the reaction was also investigated.
3-min All-out Test to Evaluate Aerobic and Anaerobic Indexes in Court
Team Sports
Authors: Kalva-Filho Carlos Augusto , Andrade Vitor Luiz , Garcia Cynthia Giovana , Barbieri Ricardo Augusto , da Silva Henrique Santos , Dos-Santos Julio Wilson , Papoti Marcelo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to test the reproducibility of the 3-min all-out effort applied
using shuttle running and compare its values to aerobic parameters. On the first
day, 14 futsal players underwent an exhaustive test to determine the maximal
incremental speed (MIS) and anaerobic threshold (AnT). On the second day, the
participants performed the 3-min all-out effort (n=14), which was
repeated after 48 h (third day) to test its reproducibility
(n=11). Peak oxygen consumption (V̇ O2PEAK) and peak
blood lactate concentrations ([La-]) were determined from 3-min all-out efforts
performed through a 20-m shuttle run on the official court. The distance
covered, mean speed, and critical speed (CS) during the 3-min all-out presented
direct relationships with aerobic parameters determined through the incremental
test (r>0.62). The distance covered above CS (D’) presented a
direct relationship with peak lactate concentrations induced by a 3-min all-out
effort (r=0.81). Despite the acceptable levels of reproducibility
observed for most of the 3-min all-out variables, the minimal detectable change
for D’ was high (72%). Our results demonstrated the potential
use of mean speed to evaluate aerobic fitness. However, the applicability of the
3-min all-out shuttle run test to monitor training adaptations should be
avoided, at least in nonexperienced athletes.
Sequential One-Pot Synthesis of β-Amino-γ-keto-malonates from Nitro-Substituted Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Selvi Subramani , Meenakshi Maniarasu , Srinivasan Kannupal , Visalini Chidambaram 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA sequential one-pot procedure has been developed to access β-amino-γ-keto-malonates from nitro-substituted donor–acceptor cyclopropanes and four different nitrogen heterocycles. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of aroylmethylidene malonates from 1-aryl-2-nitrocyclopropanes via Kornblum-type ring-opening oxidation using DMSO and subsequent aza-Michael addition with the nitrogen heterocycles. To prove the synthetic utility of the resulting products, one of them was transformed into a pyridazinone derivative.
Synthesis of All Regioisomers of 2-Arylazaindole-3-acetic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kim Taewook , Park Ju Hyeon , Jeong Cheol , Heo Jung-Nyoung , Cheon Cheol-Hong , Park Eunjoon , Kim Jong Mu , Kim You-Jin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel protocol was developed for synthesizing 2-aryl-substituted azaindole-3-acetic acid derivatives from 2-aminoazacinnamic acid derivatives and aryl aldehydes through an imino-Stetter reaction. Condensation of 2-aminoazacinnamic acid derivatives with aldehydes forms the corresponding aldimines, which are then treated with cyanide to yield the desired 2-aryl-substituted azaindole-3-acetic acid derivatives. Notably, this protocol could be employed for the synthesis of all regioisomers of azaindole-3-acetic acid derivatives by using the appropriate azacinnamic acid derivatives.
Positional Relationship between Two Microcatheters according to the Navigation Sequence within the Curved Vessel in Neuroendovascular Procedures
Authors: Ohshima Tomotaka , Miyachi Shigeru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn neuroendovascular treatment, there are many opportunities to guide multiple catheters into the intracranial blood vessels. We report the relationship between two microcatheters according to the guiding order with experimental in vitro studies. We hypothesize that in a bent blood vessel such as a paraclinoid region of the internal carotid artery, the catheter that was first guided tended to pass through the inside, and the catheter that was guided later tended to pass through the outside. The in vitro verification was performed using a microcatheter and a balloon catheter in a silicone vascular aneurysmal model. As a result, it was found that the two catheters were arranged according to our hypothesis. This finding was also observed during the actual operation of balloon-assisted coil embolization. The positional relationship between the two catheters according to the navigation order is very important, in particular during balloon-assisted coiling and stent-assisted coiling via a jailed microcatheter.
Significant Underreporting of Preoperative Hyposmia in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Discrepancies Between Subjective and Objective Measurements
Authors: Jackson Lindsey F. , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Justice Jeb M. , Roper Steven N. , Blatt Jason E. , Lobo Brian C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective The assessment of baseline olfactory function before endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) has been relatively limited compared with analysis before functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Our study addresses this knowledge gap, assessing preoperative olfactory function in ESBS and FESS and elucidating any differences.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing anterior ESBS or FESS at a single institution between 2021 and 2022. We included 171 patients and compared their reported and measured preoperative olfactory function using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test questionnaire and the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test.
Results Of the 171 patients included in this study, 30% of patients underwent ESBS and 70% underwent FESS. Of all patients, only 57% correctly reported their objective preoperative olfactory function. Of the 36 ESBS patients with measured preoperative hyposmia, only 31% correctly reported hyposmia, while 69% incorrectly reported normosmia. This distribution significantly differs (p < 0.0001) from the FESS subset (89 patients), with 64% correctly reporting hyposmia and 36% incorrectly reporting normosmia.
Conclusion Our analysis demonstrates higher than anticipated underreporting of preoperative hyposmia in patients undergoing ESBS as well as discrepancies between subjective and objective olfactory functions in the FESS population. The results highlight several gaps in knowledge regarding perioperative olfactory function that would be best examined with more thorough pre- and postoperative objective olfactory testing. This analysis demonstrates significant prognostic uncertainty for patients and providers and creates significant medicolegal uncertainty regarding the appropriate attribution of postoperative olfactory loss in cases without objective preoperative testing.
Prevalence of Tongue Normal Variant Lesions in Geriatric Patients with Hypertension in Surabaya: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Pratiwi Aulya Setyo , Marsetyo Riyan Iman , Inastu Candrika Ramya , Erawati Vint , Fitri Adinda Ratna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction The risk of degenerative diseases in the elderly is higher due to aging and decreased body function. This process affects both systemic conditions and locally in the oral cavity. Aside from aging, degenerative disease itself can trigger the incidence of soft tissue abnormalities. Aging can cause structural and functional changes in the systemic vasculature, resulting in a degenerative disease such as hypertension. Elderly who suffers from hypertension can develop oral mucosa abnormalities and most of them are found on the tongue. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of normal variant lesions on the tongue in the elderly with hypertension.
Methods This was an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design done in January–March 2020. Samples were elderly obtained from several public health centers in Surabaya that matched the inclusion criteria. Subjective and clinical examinations were performed by oral medicine residents and specialists.
Results A total of 401 elderly were screened and 147 elderly (36.65%) met the inclusion criteria which are having hypertension and willing to participate in this study. Those who met the criteria, mainly were female from the 60 to 74 years old age group. Normal variants of tongue obtained from the examination were fissured tongue (90.48%), coated tongue (63.95%), crenated tongue (33.33%), lingual varices (12.24%), and benign migratory glossitis (4.08%).
Conclusion From this study, we figured out that fissured tongue was the most common normal variant lesion of the tongue in the elderly with hypertension. Coexistence between hypertension and tongue lesions can be developed from pathological changes of disease or as side effects of medication taken such as antihypertensive drugs.
Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status on Obstetric Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of the NuMoM2b Study
Authors: Rayas Maria S. , Munoz Jessian L. , Boyd Angela , Kim Jennifer , Mangold Cheyenne , Moreira Alvaro 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity and insurance status on obstetric outcomes in nulliparous women.
Study Design Secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-To-Be. Obstetric outcomes included the development of a hypertensive event during pregnancy, need for a cesarean section, delivery of a preterm neonate, and postpartum hemorrhage.
Results Of 7,887 nulliparous women, 64.7% were non-Hispanic White (White), 13.4% non-Hispanic Black (Black), 17.8% Hispanic, and 4.1% were Asian. Black women had the highest rates of developing new-onset hypertension (32%) and delivering preterm (11%). Cesarean deliveries were the highest in Asian (32%) and Black women (32%). Individuals with government insurance were more likely to deliver preterm (11%) and/or experience hemorrhage after delivery. In multivariable analyses, race/ethnicity was associated with hypertension and cesarean delivery. More important, the adjusted odds ratios for preventable risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and severe anemia were greater than the adjusted odds ratios for race/ethnicity in terms of poor maternal outcome.
Conclusion Although disparities were observed between race/ethnicity and obstetric outcomes, other modifiable risk factors played a larger role in clinical differences.
Key Points
The experimental approach for the interleaved joint modulation of PHIP and NMR
Authors: Zheng Zeyu , Liu Min , Wang Xinchang , Jiang Wenlong , Peng Qiwei , Sun Huijun , Chen Zhong 
Published: November 2023

Nuclear spin hyperpolarization derived from parahydrogen is a technique for enhancing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensitivity. The key to hyperpolarization experiments is to achieve rapid transfer and detection to minimize relaxation losses, while also avoiding bubbles or turbulence to guarantee high spectral resolution. In this article, we describe an experimental approach for the interleaved joint modulation of parahydrogen-induced polarization and NMR. We provide schematic diagrams of parahydrogen-based polarizer with in situ high-pressure detection capability and low-field polarization transfer. This approach can help to control the experimental process and acquire experimental information, one example of which is the attainment of the highest hyperpolarization signal intensity at 3.6 s after closing the valve. The polarizer demonstrates in situ detection capability, allowing sample to be restabilized within 0.3 ± 0.1 s and high-resolution NMR sampling under a pressure of 3 bars. Moreover, it can transfer polarized samples from the polarization transfer field to the detection region of NMR within 1 ± 0.3 s for completing signal amplification by reversible exchange experiments.
Recalling presupposed information
Authors: Masia Viviana , Garassino Davide , Brocca Nicola , de Saussure Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article addresses, experimentally, the question of how presuppositions are cognitively processed and
retrieved in discourse. In the proposed research, we have administered tweets produced by Italian politicians to native speakers
so as to assess how easily they could retrieve the presupposed content of two presupposition triggers (definite descriptions and
change of state verbs), as opposed to their explicit paraphrase, by answering verification questions. Results showed that content
presupposed by change of state verbs was likely to receive more attention than content conveyed by definite descriptions; this
could possibly be due to the greater effort involved in mentally representing the event taken for granted by the predicates.
Definite descriptions, on the contrary, seem to instruct to a shallower processing modality, which means that their content is
processed less attentively or in a ‘good-enough’ way.
Mirative evidentials, relevance and non‑propositional
meaning
Authors: Ifantidou Elly , Tsavdaridou Lemonia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, we are addressing the call for further research
(Aikhenvald 2015) into how
languages, in our case Modern Greek, mark the unexpected. Our first research
question is: Can we identify a class of mirative evidential markers in Modern
Greek? The expected answer is that we can, if we take account of frequency rates
in a variety of sources in the real world, namely plays, corpora and tags in
social media. The second research question is: Do these markers convey
propositional or non-propositional meaning? Our findings suggest that the Greek
data involves predominantly non-propositional types of meaning since mirativity
is not delivered by the semantic content of the utterance (e.g., Ooo! Tí
vlépoun ta mátia mou? “Oh! What do I see?”, Ma ti les tóra?
“But what are you saying now?”, Ba ba ti akoúo?
“Well, well, what do I hear?” Mi mou pis! ‘Don’t tell
me!’).
Probing the cognitive load of consecutive interpreters
Authors: Moratto Riccardo , Yang Zhimiao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study employs four purpose-built corpora to assess the frequency of the disfluency marker uh (emm) in Chinese-English consecutive interpreting (CI) renditions as a proxy measure of interpreters’ cognitive load. Based on Plevoets and Defrancq (2016, 2018), the frequencies are compared across four informational load indicators: delivery rate, lexical density, proportion of numbers, and sentence length. The analysis also probes the potential influence of interpreting directionality on disfluencies. Results reveal differential effects of the four informational load indicators on disfluencies and, by extension, interpreters’ cognitive load, while Chinese-to-English CI is associated with an increase in disfluencies compared to English-to-Chinese for interpreters with Chinese as their A language.
Geochemistry of extremely modified chromites from the chrysotile asbestos-bearing Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex, south central Zimbabwe
Authors: Chaumba Jeff B. , Mamuse Antony 
Published: November 2023

The Zvishavane Ultramafic Complex (ZUC) is a metamorphosed ultramafic-mafic body exposed within the Zvishavane gneiss complex in south central Zimbabwe. The complex hosts Africa's largest mine and reserves of high-grade chrysotile asbestos. Rock types of the ZUC range from serpentinites, metadunites, and metagabbros. Accessory chromites, which are altered to ferrian chromites, are hosted in metadunites and serpentinites. Chromium number, Cr# (100*Cr/(Cr + Al)), is extremely high, and ranges from 90.6 to 99.5. Low magnesium number, Mg# 100*Mg/(Mg + Fe2+), ranges from 5.1 to 8.4. Most ZUC ferrian chromites occur as inclusions or marking the outlines of relict olivine crystals, and in veinlets traversing the serpentinites. On 100*Fe3+/(Al + Fe3+) versus 100*Fe2+/(Mg + Fe2+) diagram, the chromites all plot in the magnesioferrite field, and in the ferrian chromite field on a Fe3+-Cr-Al ternary diagram. On wt% Al2O3 versus wt% Cr2O3 and 100*Cr/(Cr + Al) versus 100*Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) plots, chromites all plot in the modified trend fields. The bulk of the chromites were metamorphosed at temperatures of ≤500°C, and no samples experienced temperatures exceeding 550°C. A plot of Fe3+/(Fe3++ Fe2+) versus wt% MnO is indicative of hydrous metamorphism of ZUC chromites. It is interpreted that extensive modification of the ZUC chromites occurred during hydrothermal alteration, under conditions more oxidising than quartz-fayalite-magnetite but less than magnetite-hematite, which accompanied the formation of high-grade chrysotile asbestos for which the ZUC is famous. Four granitic plutons exposed within 50km of ZUC were likely the source of hydrothermal fluids responsible for extensive hydrothermal alteration, which likely led to the formation of high-grade chrysotile asbestos, and almost completely modifying the chromites in the process. Compositions of accessory chromites in chrysotile asbestos meta-ultramafic bodies elsewhere are likely to be extremely modified.
Low-cost measurements of the ‘resonant’ wavelengths reflected by a compact disc under skimming light rays
Authors: Di Mauro M , Onorato P , Gratton L M , De Luca R , Fiore O , Gislén L , Naddeo A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate the construction and utilization of an affordable apparatus using readily available materials to accurately measure in a quantitative manner the wavelengths reflected by a compact disc (CD) under skimming light rays. In fact, only a limited number of wavelengths can be revealed when light rays from a white lamp are directed at a CD (or a DVD) in a manner that specifically selects the rays that graze the surface of the horizontally held disc. We compare the results with the ones obtained with a commercial spectrometer, finding that they are in good agreement among them and with the theoretical predictions.
Hands-on visualization of the effect of fictitious forces with a laser pointer
Authors: Vázquez-Dorrío Benito , Paredes Angel , Angel Queiruga-Dios Miguel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inertial motion looks like accelerated motion when observed from the point of view of a non-inertial reference frame. A non-inertial observer can then describe the trajectories by introducing fictitious forces, like the centrifugal and Coriolis forces, that arise from the coordinate change between reference frames. This well-known fact is part of the typical Physics syllabus for undergraduate scientists and engineers, and a number of interesting classroom demonstrations have been discussed in the literature. We present a complementary possibility for the visualization of the effect of fictitious forces by shining a blue laser beam on a rotating platform covered with a phosphorescent vinyl sheet. The laser can be moved in order to simulate inertial motion in the laboratory frame for the trajectory of the laser spot. This gets immediately imprinted in the rotating phosphorescent material resulting in non-inertial trajectories that can be readily observed and compared to the dynamics governed by fictitious forces. Since friction is not considered, this hands-on activity can be considered as a direct demonstration of the effect of pure fictitious forces in and out of the classroom. The approach is simple, inexpensive, fast and non-destructive, and can therefore be very convenient for active lecture demonstrations or individual activities of students. We also describe some educational possibilities of how to use the procedure in the classroom or in the laboratory.
Enhanced performance of AlGaN-based deep-UV LED by incorporating carrier injection balanced modulation layer synergistically with polarization-regulating structures
Authors: Hu Xun , Kong Lijing , Yang Pan , Gao Na , Huang Kai , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong , Zhang Rong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A comparable concentration of carriers injected and transported into the active region, that is, balanced hole and electron injection, significantly affects the optoelectronic performance of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs). In this study, we introduce a novel structure characterized by a carrier injection balanced modulation layer, incorporating a polarization-regulating gradient p-AlGaN in a DUV LED. We conducted a systematic examination of its impact on the carrier injection and transport processes. Theoretical simulations demonstrate the mitigation of abrupt variations in Al content at the interface between electron blocking layer/p-AlGaN and p-AlGaN/p-GaN within the valence bands. Consequently, holes are more likely to be injected into the active region rather than accumulating at these interfaces. Meanwhile, due to the reduced barrier height at the top of the valence band, the holes were efficiently transported into the quantum well and confined with comparable and balanced concentrations of electrons by suppressing overflow, thereby promoting the radiative recombination rate. Compared with the conventional DUV LED, the hole concentration and radiative recombination rate of the designed structure in the final quantum well are significantly increased to 179.8% and 232.3%, respectively. The spontaneous emission intensity achieves nearly twice at the same current injection density. Moreover, the efficiency droop is significantly suppressed when operated at a gradually increasing current density. This study presents a promising approach that can serve as a reference for achieving high-efficiency AlGaN-based DUV LEDs.
Stability and superconductivity of freestanding two-dimensional transition metal boridene: M4/3B2
Authors: Shi Xiaoran , Gao Junfeng , Qiu Shi , Chang Yuan , Zhao Luneng , Fu Zhen-Guo , Zhao Jijun , Zhang Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The small atomic mass of boron indicates strong electron–phonon coupling (EPC), so it may have a brilliant performance in superconductivity. Recently, a new 2D boride sheet with ordered metal vacancies and surface terminals (Mo4/3B2−x
) was realized in experiments (Zhou et al 2021 Science
373 801). Here, the 2D monolayer freestanding Mo4/3B2 is evidenced to be thermodynamically stable. Through electronic structure, phonon spectrum and EPC, monolayer Mo4/3B2 is found to be an intrinsic phonon-mediated superconductor. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc
) is determined to be 4.06 K by the McMillian–Allen–Dynes formula. Remarkably, the Tc
of monolayer Mo4/3B2 can be increased to 6.78 K with an appropriate biaxial tensile strain (+5%). Moreover, we predict that other transition metal replacing Mo atoms is also stable and retaining the superconductivity. Such as monolayer W4/3B2 is also a superconductor with the Tc
of 2.37 K. Our research results enrich the database of 2D monolayer superconductors and boron-related formed materials science.