bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating exposure to extreme sea level risk will require high resolution ice sheet models
Authors: Williams C , Thodoroff Pierre , Arthern Robert , Byrne James , Hosking J. Scott , Kaiser Markus , Lawrence Neil , Kazlauskaite Ieva 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is losing ice and its annual contribution to sea level is increasing. The future behaviour of WAIS will impact societies worldwide, yet deep uncertainty remains in the expected rate of ice loss. High impact low likelihood scenarios of sea level rise are needed by risk-averse stakeholders but are particularly difficult to constrain. Here we combine traditional model simulations of the Amundsen Sea sector of WAIS with Gaussian process emulation to show that ice-sheet models capable of resolving kilometre-scale basal topography will be needed to assess the probability of extreme scenarios of sea level rise. This resolution exceeds many state-of-the-art continent-scale simulations. Our model simulations show that lower resolutions tend to overestimate future sea level contribution and inflate the tails of the distribution. We therefore caution against relying purely upon low resolution simulations when assessing the potential for societally important high impact sea level rise.
Boost vs Nudges: perceived effectiveness and criticism shape preferences for sustainable behavioral policies.
Authors: Paunov Yavor , Grüne-Yanoff Till 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Boosts and nudges are two separate types of behavioral public policies, distinguished by the mechanisms through which they operate. Nudges make use of cognitive biases and changes in the decision environment to promote sustainable behavior, while boosts seek to induce the desired outcomes by improving people’s energy-saving competences. In an online study, we asked our respondents to express their preferences towards typical nudge and boost exemplars. Descriptions depicting different policy types to reduce energy consumption were presented in a 4-group randomized between-subjects design. We found that people’s preferences depended on the perceived effectiveness of the respective types, and the degree of criticism they expressed towards them. Interestingly, the participants were less critical towards boosts, but indicated that they preferred nudges. This preference was reversed when participants assumed that boosts were more effective than nudges. We also demonstrated that a fit between perceived intervention effectiveness and communicated effectiveness information lowers the probability of switching preferences from one intervention type to the other.
Assessing food safety legislation in China with a focus on trend analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , McKirdy Simon , Kachigunda Barbara , Grehan Helena , Zheng Dan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In China, with the improvements in living standards, the demand for food is increasing rapidly each year. China has a food culture that has been evident for thousands of years. Different regions, different ethnic groups, and different natural environments have resulted in a broad range of different food cultures. The types of food in China have been developing in a diversified trend according to the traditions of various places. Due to the diversity of foods, the status of the food legislation in China is complex nowadays, so managing these diverse foods has become even more important. This paper analyses existing food safety laws in China, utilizing synchronic and diachronic analyses, to assess the new changes and trends in Chinese food legislation in recent years, and to assist in the further development of appropriate food legislation. This research has identified that the Chinese government has had a strong focus on the development of food safety laws over the last few decades. The results identify the need to establish a corresponding prediction, supervision, and handling system for food safety issues, and proactively continue to improve the food safety legal system. The results also show that the main influencing factors on China's food legislation include the following: national policies, population density, economic development level, and the natural environment.
Predicting Value of Waist-to-height Ratio on Diabetes Incidence: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ding Zhiyi , Keyu Guo , Jiaqi Li , Xia Li , Zhiguang Zhou , Lin Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aims
To evaluate the association between waist to height ratio (WHtR) and incident type 2 diabetes （T2DM）and compared its predictive power with that of other anthropometric indices in East Asian population.
Methods
15464 people took part in this research. Participants were further divided into twelve subgroups according to age, WHtR, and sex. Multivariable. Cox regression analysis assessed the relationship between WHtR and incident T2DM. Restricted cubic splines were used to determine the shape of the association. The predictive power of the WHtR was examined and directly compared with other indices, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Results
After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 2.4% (373/15,464) participants developed diabetes. The incidence of diabetes increased with ascending WHtR (P< 0.001).Cox logistic regression analysis displayed that after adjusting for confounding factors, WHtR was signiﬁcantly associated with the incidence of T2DM. In the restricted cubic spline models, WHtR exhibited U-shaped relationships with T2DM in the middle-aged and elderly men groups, but J-shaped associations with T2DM in both the women and young men groups. Compared with BMI and WC, WHtR had no significant difference in predicting the incidene of T2DM(P> 0.05). Based on the highest Youden index, the optimal WHtR threshold was 0.49 in young men, 0.50 in middle and old men, 0.47 in young women, and 0.51 in middle and old women.
Conclusions
WHtR, an easy-to-understand and monitorable indicator, has comparable predictive power to WC and BMI in predicting the incidence of T2DM. It is recommended that Asian individuals should aim for a waist circumference that is half their height
Striatal dopamine depletion drives disease progression and network topology aberrations specifically by impairing left primary motor cortex network
Authors: Liu Jun , Chen Zhichun , Li Guanglu , Zhou Lichen , Zhang Lina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying symptom severity and brain network aberrations in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can offer objective, theoretically supported targets to develop novel interventions to prevent the onset and progression of motor and non-motor symptoms. The objective of current study is to explore how stratal dopamine depletion, a pathogenic driver of PD, shapes symptom severity and brain networks. PD participants (n = 141) undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database were investigated. Based on the quartiles of striatal binding ratio (SBR) in striatum, PD patients were divided into Q1 group (SBR level rank: 0%~25%), Q2-3 group (SBR level rank: 25%~75%), and Q4 group (SBR level rank: 75%~100%). The associations between stratal dopamine depletion and clinical manifestations or brain networks were characterized by integrative brain network analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analysis. PD patients in Q1 group exhibited worsening motor and non-motor symptoms compared to Q4 group. Additionally, both structural and functional network topology significantly differ between Q1 and Q4 group. Specifically, the functional connectivity of left primary motor cortex (M1) was much lower in Q1 group, which mediated the topological disruptions of functional network. Importantly, impaired left M1 subnetwork and aberrant network topology mediated the effects of striatal dopamine depletion on motor and non-motor symptoms. These data demonstrate that striatal dopamine depletion specifically impairs left M1 subnetwork to disturb functional network topology and precipitate motor and non-motor symptoms, theoretically supporting left M1 is a realistic neuromodulation target for PD.
Cues to action, perceived risk, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles and executed safety behavior of preventing monkeypox infection among PLWH : a structural equation model
Authors: Qi Li , Yu Lan , Guo Ronghuang , Shen Ying , Li Xiaomei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background Between June and August, there was an increase in monkeypox cases in China, and the mortality rate (7%) caused by monkeypox infection among people living with HIV(PLWH) is higher than that of the general population. It is particularly important for PLWH to adopt healthy behaviors to prevent monkeypox infection. Health education activities to prevent infection have been carried out through various channels, but we know very little about the prevention and control behaviors adopted by PLWH.
Methods The subjects of this cross-sectional study included 467 PLWHs from Heilongjiang Province, China. The questionnaire was collected through Questionnaire Star from August 11 to September 10, 2023, including general sociological data, cues to action(CA), perceived risk (PR), perceived benefits(PB), perceived obstacles(PO) and executed safety behavior(ESB) data. The effects of CA on PR, PB, PO, and ESB were calculated using a structural equation model, as well as the effects of PR, PB, and PO on ESB. We also calculated the intermediate effects of PR, PB, and PO between CA and ESB.
Results There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in gender, marital status, sexual orientation, fixed sexual partner, receiving HIV related treatment, heard of monkeypox, more accurate channels for obtaining information, more willing to access information channels, the most satisfactory channel for obtaining information and monkeypox cognition. There weren’t statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in education level and occupation. The structural equation indicates that cues to action(CA) was predictive factors for perceived risk (PR), perceived benefits(PB), perceived obstacles(PO) and executed safety behavior(ESB) (P < 0.001). Perceived risk (PR), perceived benefits(PB) and perceived obstacles(PO) were predictive factors for the executed safety behavior(ESB) (P < 0.01). PR played a mediating role of 33.99% between CA and ESB. PO played a mediating role of 6.9% between CA and ESB. PB didn’t play a mediating role between CA and ESB.
Conclusions This study indicates that preventing monkeypox behaviors among PLWH is better, but there is still a gap between correctly implementing preventive behavior by everyone. CA, PR, PB, and PO are predictive factors for ESB. PR and PO play a mediating role between CA and ESB. Therefore, increasing CA, PR, and PB, and reducing PO can be used to improve the ESB of monkeypox among PLWH.
Neuromuscular exercise reduces severe multisite pain among health care workers with recurrent low back pain
Authors: Virkkunen Tarja , Husu Pauliina , Tokola Kari , Taulaniemi Annika , Rinne Marjo , Parkkari Jari , Kankaanpää Markku 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder among nurses, and multisite pain, which can lead to work disability, is a common problem among those nurses with LBP. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of neuromuscular exercise (NME) on severe multisite musculoskeletal pain in health care workers with recurrent LBP.
Methods
A total of 219 female health care workers aged 30 to 55 years who were suffering from recurrent LBP were allocated to two groups: an exercise group (n=110) and a control group, which consisted of non-exercising participants (n=109). Exercise intervention comprised NME sessions performed twice a week (60 minutes per session). Severe multisite pain was defined as a sum pain intensity score of 4 or above (Numeric rating scale NRS 0-10) at each pain site, frequency of pain daily or nearly daily, and at least 3 pain sites. Severe multisite pain was assessed by questionnaire at 4 time points (at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months of neuromuscular exercise intervention).
Results
At baseline, 23% of the participants reported severe multisite pain. After 6 months of NME intervention, the prevalence of severe multisite pain decreased from 27% to 9% in the exercise groupbut increased from 19% to 24% in the control group (OR 0.20, 95% [CI 0.07, 0.54] as adjusted for several confounding factors). However, after the 24-month follow-up, the occurrence of severe multisite pain in the exercise group returned close to the baseline level and that of the control group increased over the baseline level.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that severe multisite musculoskeletal pain is a common health problem among health care workers with recurrent LBP. The 6-month NME intervention was effective in reducing severe multisite pain, but the effects were diluted once the intervention ended.
Trial registration: NURSE RCT, clinical trial registration NCT01465698
Impact of post RFA treatment on neosquamous epithelium microstructure
Authors: Skrobic Ognjan , Simic Aleksandar , Pesko Predrag , Kravic-Stevovic Tamara , Martinovic Tamara , Bumbasirevic Vladimir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective treatment for Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Product of successful RFA is neosquamous epithelium (NSE), which resembles native squamous epithelium and has lower risk for neoplastic transformation. Dilated intercellular spaces (IS) are common microscopic feature of reflux induced injury of esophagus. The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrastructure of NSE by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), depending on the post RFA treatment modalities and to asses impact of these findings on BE recurrence.
Methods
Prospective observational clinical study based on TEM analysis of biopsy of specimens obtained from patients in whom CE of BE was achieved minimum 6 months after the last RFA session. In each patient biopsies were taken from NSE and proximal esophagus. Two groups of patients were defined according to the post RFA treatment: proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) or laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). Comparative analysis of IS length was made between two groups. Endoscopic surveillance with biopsies was conducted for 5 years.
Results
Overall 22 patients with CE of BE after RFA underwent complete study protocol, out of whom in 10 LNF was performed, while 12 were treated with PPI’s. The mean values of IS length in the proximal esophagus and NSE in LNF group were 0.378 ± 0.116 µm and 0.878 ± 0.354, while in PPI’s group 0.724 ± 0.325 µm and 1.228 ± 0.226 µm, respectively. Mean lenghts of IS were statistically significantly higher in PPI’s group both in NSE (p = 0.032) and proximal esophagus (p = 0.009). There were 5 BE recurrences after 5 years surveillance, 4 in PPI group and 1 in LNF group, without statistical significance (p = 0.084).
Conclusion
Dilated IS are commonly presented in NSE of patients with CE of BE with RFA
The spatiotemporal trend of human brucellosis in China and driving factors using interpretability analysis
Authors: Wen Xiaohui , Wang Yun , Shao Zhongjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human brucellosis has reemerged in China, with a distinct change in its geographical distribution. The incidence of human brucellosis has significantly risen in inland regions of China. To gain insights into epidemic characteristics and identify factors influencing the geographic spread of human brucellosis, our study utilized the XGBoost algorithm and interpretable machine learning techniques. The results showed a consistent upward trend in the incidence of human brucellosis, with a significant increase of 8.20% from 2004 to 2021 (95% CI: 1.70, 15.10). The northern region continued to face a serious human situation, with a gradual upward trend. Meanwhile, the western and southern regions have experienced a gradual spread of human brucellosis, encompassing all regions of China over the past decade. Further analysis using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) demonstrated that higher GDP per capita and increased funding for education have the potential to reduce the spread. Conversely, the expansion of human brucellosis showed a positive correlation with bed availability per 1000 individuals, humidity, railway mileage, and GDP. These findings strongly suggest that socioeconomic factors play a more significant role in the spread of human brucellosis than other factors.
Storm Surge Induced by Tropical Storm Pabuk (2019) and Its Impact by Track Variation Scenarios on the Thailand Coast
Authors: Tsai Yu-Lin , Wu Tso-Ren , Yen Eric , Tanpipat Veerachai , Lin Chuao-Yao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Tropical Storm Pabuk, the most significant event in the past two decades, offered a unique opportunity to assess storm surge impact on the Gulf of Thailand coast. Employing the COMCOT-SURGE model with a two-layer nested-grid configuration, this study examined storm surges from offshore to nearshore driven by the ERA5 reanalysis winds and the 1980 Holland wind model. The spatial and temporal variations of storm surges due to Tropical Storm Pabuk were investigated. The ERA5 case indicated severe storm surges in Chumphon and Surat Thani and matched well with the measured surges in the timing and amplitude of peak surges. However, the HWM case showed the maximum storm surges shift southward, with more severe storm surges observed in Nakhon Si Thammarat, and poorly agreed with the observations. It is attributed to the environmental winds. Moreover, the effect of the radius of maximum winds was tested. This study focused on variations in storm tracks along the latitudinal axis and associated storm surges. Among the proposed track scenarios, the one landing between Chumphon and Surat Thani represented the most hazardous case to the Thailand coast, and Pabuk's track is the second one. Among all the proposed scenarios, Chumphon, Surat Thani, and Nakhon Si Thammarat face higher storm surge risks than other regions.
Different sedentary behavior domains present distinct associations with eating-related indicators
Authors: Júdice Pedro B. , Carraça Eliana V. , Santos Inês , Palmeira António L. , Jerónimo Flávio , Silva Marlene N. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Unhealthful dietary patterns have been consistently associated with low levels of physical activity (PA), but studies dedicated to sedentary behavior (SB) are scarce, especially in adults. The few studies that investigated the association between SB and dietary patterns focused mostly on specific types of SB, such as TV-watching or screen time. SB can be accumulated in distinct domains (i.e., work, transport, and leisure-time), thus, it is key to investigate in depth the impact that different domains of SB can have on eating-related indicators. We aimed to investigate the associations between different SB domains and eating-related indicators, in a sample of adults.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from students, teachers, and staff from a Portuguese University was collected in November/2021 through an online survey. Data analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS software (version 28.0) and included descriptive statistics, partial correlations, and group comparisons using one-way ANOVA. Daily average SB at work/study, transport, and in leisure-time were self-reported and eating-related indicators were measured with several items from the Mediterranean Diet Score. Specific eating-related behaviors reflecting a protective eating pattern (e.g., eating breakfast regularly), and eating behavior traits (e.g., external eating) were also assessed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height2. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire/Short-Form was used to assess PA.
Results
The sample included 301 adults (60.1% women), with a mean age of 34.5 years. Leisure-time SB was inversely associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r=-0.20; p < 0.001) and with a protective eating profile (r=-0.31; p < 0.001). Higher transport SB was also related to lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (r=-0.20; p < 0.001) and to an unhealthier eating profile (r=-0.22; p < 0.001), but no associations were found for work-related SB (p > 0.05). These results persisted after the adjustment for BMI, age, sex, and self-reported PA.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that adults with higher levels of SB in leisure-time and transport domains tend to report less healthy eating-related behaviors, irrespective of BMI, age, sex, and PA level. This information may assist public health authorities in focusing their efforts and strategies on specific domains, thus promoting active forms of commuting, and reducing SB in the leisure setting.
An Effective Ensemble Learning Approach for Classification of Glioma Grades Based on Novel MRI Features
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Falih , Al-Zurfi Ahmed Naser , Abed Mohammed Hamzah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The preoperative diagnosis of brain tumor grades is important for therapeutic planning as it contributes to the tumors' prognosis. In the last few years, the development in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning contributed greatly to the medical area, especially the diagnosis of the grades of brain tumors through radiological images and magnetic resonance images. In addition, one of the biggest challenges faced by a physician in the medical field is how to assess the accurate grade of glioma that is due to the complexity of tumor descriptors that appear on medical images. In this work, we applied a new ensemble learning method based on novel MRI features to build a new classification system for glioma grading. Specifically, we assess the discriminatory ability of the selected features, integrated with the new ensemble learning method called Ensemble Learning based on Adaptive Power Mean Combiner (EL-APMC). Then we evaluate and compare the performance of the EL-APMC algorithm with 21 classifier models that represent state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. Results show that the EL-APMC algorithm achieved the best performance in terms of classification accuracy and F1-score metrics over the MRI Brain Tumor dataset called BRAT2015. In addition, we showed that the differences in classification results among 22 classifier models have statistical significance. We believe that the EL-APMC algorithm is an effective method for the classification in case of small-size datasets, which are common cases in medical fields. The proposed method provides an effective system for the classification of glioma with high reliability and accurate clinical findings.