bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and risk factors of atrial fibrillation after acute abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Madsen Christoffer L. , Leerhøy Bonna , Jørgensen Lars N. , Meyhoff Christian S. , Sajadieh Ahmad , Domínguez Helena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimScarce data exist on the true incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after acute abdominal surgery and associated outcomes. The current study aimed to identify the frequencies of clinically recognized POAF and associated complications, along with their risk factors.MethodsThis study was a prospective, single‐center cohort study of unselected adult patients referred for acute abdominal surgery during a 3‐month period. Through careful review, demographics, comorbidity, and surgical characteristics were prospectively drawn from medical charts. The primary outcome was clinically recognized POAF occurring in‐hospital. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of POAF and associated complications. A subgroup was enrolled in a feasibility study of peri‐ and postoperative continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring.ResultsIn total, 450 patients were enrolled. Clinically recognized in‐hospital POAF was observed in 22 patients (4.9%). All cases were observed in patients aged ≥60 years, corresponding to 22 of 164 patients (13.4%). Multiple risk factors were observed, such as age, prior atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, and major (vs. minor) surgery. POAF was associated with severe in‐hospital complications (POAF group 45.5% vs. non‐POAF group 8.6%, p < .001) and in‐hospital mortality (POAF group 13.6% vs. non‐POAF group 3.0%, p = .043). In total, 295 patients were monitored by continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring for 12,148 h, yielding five patients with asymptomatic AF.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this prospective study of POAF in patients undergoing acute abdominal surgery showed that one in 20 patients developed clinically recognized in‐hospital POAF. Multiple risk factors of POAF were identified. POAF was associated with severe complications up to 30 days after surgery.
Elevated serum neurofilament light chain protein in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Franthal Sebastian , Khalil Michael , Kern Daniela , Gattermeyer Lukas , Buchmann Arabella , Katschnig‐Winter Petra , Kögl Mariella , Demjaha Rina , Tafrali Cansu , Hofer Edith , Schmidt Reinhold , Schwingenschuh Petra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeQuantification of neurofilament light chain protein in serum (sNfL) enables the neuro‐axonal damage in peripheral blood to be reliably assessed and monitored. There is a long‐standing debate whether essential tremor represents a ‘benign’ tremor syndrome or whether it is linked to neurodegeneration. This study aims to investigate sNfL concentrations in essential tremor compared to healthy controls (cross‐sectionally and longitudinally) and to assess whether sNfL is associated with motor and nonmotor markers of disease progression.MethodsData of patients with essential tremor from our prospective registry on movement disorders (PROMOVE) were retrospectively analysed. Age‐, sex‐ and body‐mass‐index‐matched healthy controls were recruited from an ongoing community‐dwelling aging cohort. sNfL was quantified by an ultra‐sensitive single molecule array (Simoa). All participants underwent detailed clinical examination at baseline and after approximately 5 years of follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐seven patients with clinically diagnosed essential tremor were included and 37 controls. The essential tremor group showed significantly higher sNfL levels compared to healthy controls at baseline and follow‐up. sNfL levels increased over time in both groups, and the slope of sNfL increase was similar in the essential tremor and healthy control groups. Comparing patients with a disease duration under 5 years to those with a longer disease duration, the former group had a significantly greater increase of sNfL over time, which strongly correlated to worsening of tremor and cognition.ConclusionOur findings indicate that neurodegeneration, possibly happening at an early disease stage, might play a role in the pathophysiology of essential tremor.
GGC expansions in NOTCH2NLC contribute to Parkinson disease and dopaminergic neuron degeneration
Authors: Liu Qiong , Chen Juan , Xue Jin , Zhou Xun , Tian Yun , Xiao Qiao , Huang Wen , Pan Yongcheng , Zhou Xiaoxia , Li Jian , Zhao Yuwen , Pan Hongxu , Wang Yige , He Runcheng , Xiang Yaqin , Tu Tian , Xu Qian , Sun Qiying , Tan Jieqiong , Yan Xinxiang , Li Jinchen , Guo Jifeng , Shen Lu , Duan Ranhui , Tang Beisha , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe role of GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neuron remains unclear. Here, we profile the NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions in a large cohort of patients with PD. We also investigate the role of GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC in the dopaminergic neurodegeneration of SN.MethodsA total of 2,522 patients diagnosed with PD and 1,085 health controls were analyzed for the repeat expansions of NOTCH2NLC by repeat‐primed PCR and GC‐rich PCR assay. Furthermore, the effects of GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC on dopaminergic neurons were investigated by using recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated overexpression of NOTCH2NLC with 98 GGC repeats in the SN of mice by stereotactic injection.ResultsFour PD pedigrees (4/333, 1.2%) and three sporadic PD patients (3/2189, 0.14%) were identified with pathogenic GGC repeat expansions (larger than 60 GGC repeats) in the NOTCH2NLC gene, while eight PD patients and one healthy control were identified with intermediate GGC repeat expansions ranging from 41 to 60 repeats. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of intermediate NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions between PD cases and controls (Fisher's exact test p‐value = 0.29). Skin biopsy showed P62‐positive intranuclear NOTCH2NLC‐polyGlycine (polyG) inclusions in the skin nerve fibers of patient. Expanded GGC repeats in NOTCH2NLC produced widespread intranuclear and perinuclear polyG inclusions, which led to a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Consistently, polyG inclusions were presented in the SN of EIIa‐NOTCH2NLC‐(GGC)98 transgenic mice and also led to dopaminergic neuron loss in the SN.ConclusionsOverall, our findings provide strong evidence that GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC contribute to the pathogenesis of PD and cause degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons.
The burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 virus infection in Burkina Faso: Results from a World Health Organization UNITY population‐based, age‐stratified sero‐epidemiological investigation
Authors: Ouedraogo Samiratou , Traoré Isidore Tiandiogo , Kania Dramane , Kaboré Nongodo Firmin , Mamguem Kamga Ariane , Badolo Hermann , Yara Mimbouré , Sanou Guillaume , Koné Amariane , Kagoné Samdapawindé Thérèse , Ouédraogo Esperance , Konaté Blahima , Médah Rachel , de Rekeneire Nathalie , Poda Armel , Diendere Arnaud Eric , Ouédraogo Boukary , Billa Oumar , Paradis Gilles , Tinto Halidou , Dabakuyo‐Yonli Tienhan Sandrine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population of Bobo‐Dioulasso and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).MethodsWe collected from March to April 2021 blood samples from randomly selected residents in both main cities based on the World Health Organization (WHO) sero‐epidemiological investigations protocols and tested them with WANTAI SARS‐CoV‐2 total antibodies enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits intended for qualitative assessment. We also recorded participants' socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics and information on exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2. Data were analysed with descriptive and comparative statistics.ResultsWe tested 5240 blood samples collected between 03 March and 16 April 2021. The overall test‐adjusted seroprevalence for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was (67.8% [95% CI 65.9–70.2]) (N = 3553/3982). Seroprevalence was highest among participants aged 15–18 years old (74.2% [95% CI 70.5–77.5]) (N = 465/627), compared with those aged 10–14 years old (62.6% [95% CI 58.7–66.4]) (N = 395/631), or those over 18 (67.6% [95% CI 66.2–69.1]) (N = 2693/3982). Approximately 71.0% (601/860) of participants aged 10–18 years old who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies experienced no clinical COVID‐19 symptoms in the weeks before the survey, compared with 39.3% (1059/2693) among those aged over 18 years old.ConclusionThis study reports the results of the first known large serological survey in the general population of Burkina Faso. It shows high circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the two cities and a high proportion of asymptomatic adolescents. Further studies are needed to identify the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and to elucidate the factors protecting some infected individuals from developing clinical COVID‐19.
Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa: Therapy and Clinical Course in Four Cases
Authors: Misago Noriyuki , Mochizuki Yoshiko , Sekiyama‐Kodera Hanako , Shirotani Miwa , Suzuki Kumiko , Inokuchi Akira , Narisawa Yutaka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (PN) has a benign and chronic course; relapses are frequently associated with steroid dependence. We have observed four cases of cutaneous PN in the past 15 years and followed up two of the four cases long‐term for 13 and 10 years after diagnosis. There has been a marked contrast in the clinical courses of these two cases: one case has shown a complete remission for 12.5 years without treatment during the most recent 11 years; the other case had four relapses and has never experienced cessation of treatment. The only difference between the two cases was careful therapy with adequate prednisolone in the long‐term remission case. The other two cases clinically showed erythema nodosum‐like features, and they had antecedent sore throats and embedded chronic tonsillitis; one was associated with presumed streptococcal infection. These two cases may simply be an accelerated process of post‐streptococcal erythema nodosum rather than typical cutaneous PN. We performed tonsillectomies as adjuvant therapy in these two cases. No relapse of the disease has been observed in these two cases, and the tonsillectomy allowed us to taper the dose of steroids, resulting in discontinuation of the treatment in one of the two cases. The duration of the remission as well as the adjuvant therapy was variable in each of our cutaneous PN cases. Tonsillectomy can be recommended as an adjuvant to steroids for PN cases with chronic tonsillitis and/or streptococcal infection.
Prolonged Herpes Zoster in a Patient Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Matsuo Koma , Honda Mariko , Shiraki Kimiyasu , Niimura Michihito 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 1983, varicella zoster virus (VZV) disease was first recognized in the context of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since that time, there have been many reports discussing the occurrence and clinical manifestations of hepes zoster in HIV‐infected patients. We describe the development of prolonged herpes zoster in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) over the course of 104 days. Viral isolates at the three different clinical stages of the skin lesions were sensitive in vitro to acyclovir, and supposed to be a same strain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. We also discuss an effective treatment for prolonged cases of zoster.
Zosteriform Pilar Leiomyoma
Authors: Sahoo Bijaylaxmi , Radotra Bishan Das , Kaur Inderjeet , Kumar Bhushan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPilar leiomyomas are usually multiple and are commonly found on the extensor aspects of the arm, trunk, and face. They are rarely distributed in a linear fashion or seem to follow a dermatome. We report a case of painful, unilateral, zosteriform cutaneous leiomyoma in a 25‐year‐old housewife. Histopathology revealed interlacing smooth muscle bundles arising from arrector pili muscles. Nifedipine (10 mg) twice daily was remarkably effective in diminishing the pain in our patient.
Seborrheic Keratosis‐like Lesions in Patients with Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis
Authors: de Oliveira Walmar Roncalli , Neto Cyro Festa , Rady Peter L. , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by disseminated infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and malignant transformation of the lesions in about half of the patients. Two phenotypes of EV have been described according to their propensity to develop malignant tumors. The benign form of EV presents a singular type of lesions comprised of flat warts widely disseminated. The malignant form of EV is highly polymorphic and presents as malignant skin tumors, predominantly basal and squamous cell carcinomas, on sun‐exposed sites. The seborrheic keratosis‐like (SK) lesions in patients of EV have been reported to be associated with the malignant phenotype. In this work, we documented the behavior of SK‐like lesions in nine patients with EV, through clinical observations as well as histological and immunohistochemical findings. We suggest that the HPV infection may promote the occurrence of SK‐like lesions in EV patients. Despite the fact that we did not observe any malignant transformation of these lesions in our series of patients, this possibility was not completely excluded.
Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum
Authors: de Carsalade Georges‐Yves , Achirafi Aboubacar , Flageul Béatrice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractErythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a well‐known serious complication affecting 10% of lepromatous multibacillary leprosy patients. In the chronic form, its morbidity may be considerable. Thalidomide and systemic steroids are the two current effective drugs for the management of ENL. However, their use in endemic countries is often difficult and hazardous, and a search for new therapies is needed. We report our experience on the effects of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, which has recently been suggested as a possible effective treatment for ENL attacks.
Open questions in the social lives of viruses
Authors: Leeks Asher , Bono Lisa M. , Ampolini Elizabeth A. , Souza Lucas S. , Höfler Thomas , Mattson Courtney L. , Dye Anna E. , Díaz-Muñoz Samuel L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social interactions among viruses occur whenever multiple viral genomes infect the same cells, hosts, or populations of hosts. Viral social interactions range from cooperation to conflict, occur throughout the viral world, and affect every stage of the viral lifecycle. The ubiquity of these social interactions means that they can determine the population dynamics, evolutionary trajectory, and clinical progression of viral infections. At the same time, social interactions in viruses raise new questions for evolutionary theory, providing opportunities to test and extend existing frameworks within social evolution. Many opportunities exist at this interface: Insights into the evolution of viral social interactions have immediate implications for our understanding of the fundamental biology and clinical manifestation of viral diseases. However, these opportunities are currently limited because evolutionary biologists only rarely study social evolution in viruses. Here, we bridge this gap by (1) summarizing the ways in which viruses can interact socially, including consequences for social evolution and evolvability; (2) outlining some open questions raised by viruses that could challenge concepts within social evolution theory; and (3) providing some illustrative examples, data sources, and conceptual questions, for studying the natural history of social viruses.
Abstract
Social interactions among viruses are diverse and pervasive, with the potential to affect every stage of the viral lifecycle. Here, we explore some of the challenges and opportunities that these interactions present for evolutionary biology.
Translucent monolithic zirconia titanium‐supported FP1 full‐arch prosthesis: A novel proof of concept to address esthetic, functional, and biologic challenges
Authors: Pelekanos Stavros , Ntovas Panagiotis , Rizou Vasiliki , Pozzi Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveDespite the wide clinical use of translucent zirconia for full‐arch implant prostheses, reduced flexural strength and fracture toughness compared with high‐strength opaque zirconia needs to be addressed. A novel proof of concept for FP1 full‐arch prosthesis featured by translucent monolithic zirconia and titanium framework was presented.Clinical ConsiderationsComputer‐guided implant planning and surgery were executed and digitally designed FP1 temporary prosthesis prefabricated. Implant and prosthetic placement were achieved with a set of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed templates. Implants were immediately loaded. After 4 months intraoral optical scan was taken to record implant coordinates, soft tissue anatomy, and temporary FP1 prosthesis. A novel digital workflow was used to design and mill overlaying translucent zirconia and anatomically shaped titanium framework with a scalloped soft‐tissue interface. Final FP1 prosthesis was assembled cementing zirconia jacket on titanium counterpart.ConclusionsTranslucent zirconia supported by titanium framework can address esthetic and mechanical requirements of FP1 full‐arch prosthesis, minimizing risk of fracture and providing a rigid and passive joint with supporting implants. The smooth and highly polished titanium surface with an anatomic design, tightly matching scalloped soft tissue interface, can limit food impaction, air and saliva leakage and contribute to overall biologic integration of FP1 full‐arch prosthesis.Clinical SignificanceTranslucent monolithic zirconia featured with anatomically shaped titanium framework with scalloped transmucosal part, combining a pleasant esthetic outcome with increased flexural strength and fracture toughness, may be indicated to increase the clinical performance of FP1 full‐arch prosthesis.
Molecular characterization of Blastocystis spp. in Hotan Black chickens in southern Xinjiang
Authors: Feng Xinwei , Xin Luyao , Zhang Bowen , Wang Zhichao , Meng Zhu , Yu Fuchang , Qi Meng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo determine the infection status and assess the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis spp. in Hotan Black chickens in southern Xinjiang, China, fecal samples were collected from 617 chickens on 18 large‐scale farms. The presence of Blastocystis spp. was determined using polymerase chain reaction based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) locus. The results revealed an overall infection rate of 26.3% (162/617). Samples from Farm 1 in Luopu County showed the highest infection rate (76.3%, 29/38). The highest and lowest infection rates were detected in the <30‐day (34.4%, 43/125) and > 90‐day age groups (12.4%, 11/89), respectively. The infection rate decreased with increasing age. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the infection rates of Blastocystis spp. among the different sampling sites (p < 0.05) and age groups (p < 0.05). Four Blastocystis spp. subtypes (ST6, ST7, ST10, and ST23) were identified. The infection rates of the zoonotic subtypes, ST6 and ST7, were 3.2% (20/617) and 22.2% (137/617), respectively. The presence of Blastocystis spp. and zoonotic subtypes provided evidence for the potential transmission of this pathogen between Hotan Black chickens and humans, especially in animal handlers in this area.
Companion animals and the relationship between peer victimization and emotion regulation in youth
Authors: King Erin K. , Halbreich Eli D. , Callina Kristina , Mueller Megan K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeer victimization can negatively impact emotion regulation in youth and is associated with harmful mental health outcomes. One protective factor against the impacts of peer victimization is a strong attachment to family and positive peer relationships. Given that pets are commonly seen as family members and that youth report turning to their pet for emotional comfort, companion animals could provide an avenue of support for youth experiencing victimization. A geographically diverse sample of 5725 adolescents in the United States from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® was used to explore whether the relationship between peer victimization and emotion regulation was moderated by whether a pet lives in the home. Having a pet in the home did not moderate the relationship between peer victimization and emotion regulation; however, mean‐level differences were present across types of household pet (i.e., youth with no pets, youth with at least one dog, and youth with non‐dog pets). Participants who did not live with a companion animal showed higher levels of both maladaptive emotion regulation (expressive suppression) and adaptive emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal), suggesting that having a pet might lower overall emotion regulation pathways regardless of adaptive directionality. Relational victimization was a significant predictor of expressive suppression regardless of whether there was a pet in the home, although overt victimization was not a predictor of either kind of emotion regulation. This research demonstrates the complex nature of human–animal relationships and suggests more research is needed to understand the nuanced relationship between pets, peer victimization, and emotion regulation.
Protein turnover in pigs: A review of interacting factors
Authors: Sarri Laura , Balcells Joaquim , Seradj Ahmad Reza , de la Fuente Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein turnover defines the balance between two continuous and complex processes of protein metabolism, synthesis and degradation, which determine their deposition in tissues. Although the liver and intestine have been studied extensively for their important roles in protein digestion, absorption and metabolism, the study of protein metabolism has focused mainly on skeletal muscle tissue to understand the basis for its growth. Due to the high adaptability of skeletal muscle, its protein turnover is greatly affected by different internal and external factors, contributing to carcass lean‐yield and animal growth. Amino acid (AA) labelling and tracking using isotope tracer methodology, together with the study of myofiber type profiling, signal transduction pathways and gene expression, has allowed the analysis of these mechanisms from different perspectives. Positive stimuli such as increased nutrient availability in the diet (e.g., AA), physical activity, the presence of certain hormones (e.g., testosterone) or a more oxidative myofiber profile in certain muscles or pig genotypes promote increased upregulation of translation and transcription‐related genes, activation of mTORC1 signalling mechanisms and increased abundance of satellite cells, allowing for more efficient protein synthesis. However, fasting, animal aging, inactivity and stress, inflammation or sepsis produce the opposite effect. Deepening the understanding of modifying factors and their possible interaction may contribute to the design of optimal strategies to better control tissue growth and nutrient use (i.e., protein and AA), and thus advance the precision feeding strategy.