bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RA-marking, delimitation, and TA-headed directional PPs in Persian
Authors: Moezzipour Farhad , Moezzipour Neda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, we examine the semantics of RA in Persian, focusing on the aspectual notion of delimitation. Delimitation is a term commonly used in the study of aspect and information structure. We distinguish between two functions of RA: as a semantic operator that measures delimited events involving mereological theme and incremental path verbs, and as an information-structural marker where RA serves as frame-setting accusative adjuncts. We also explore the aspectuality of RA in correlation with a motion construction involving a TA-headed goal phrase within the scope of RA. The motion event with TA, representing the vector, is rendered bounded through the influence of RA, indicating the endpoint of the path. Using Croft’s (2012) two-phase dimensional model of aspect, we demonstrate that TA and RA are both associated with delimitation, but operate on different axes of boundedness – TA on the qualitative axis and RA on the temporal axis.
Long-term sealing performance evaluation and service life prediction of O-rings under thermal–mechanical coupling conditions
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Tao , Fang Xing , Zhou Du , Xu Guoliang , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In service, thermal–mechanical coupling conditions can exacerbate stress relaxation of O-rings and lead to their thermal expansion, further complicating the sealing problem. A finite element method is developed to simulate the mechanical deformation behavior of O-rings under thermal–mechanical coupling conditions, and its validity is verified by comparison with experimental data. Based on a substantial amount of simulation data, it is found that a dimensionless contact stress

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can be used as an indicator of the degradation of sealing performance and can be related to temperature T and time τ in the form of an aging kinetic equation. By combining this equation with the existing interfacial leakage model, an approach of predicting the long-term leakage rate of O-rings is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the effect of various factors on the performance of O-rings, and some important conclusions are drawn. Regarding the effect of temperature on O-rings, the thermal expansion effect dominates when the service time is less than 20 d, and the stress relaxation effect prevails when it is greater than 20 d. The higher the temperature, the more significant the stress relaxation, and the faster the leakage rate of O-rings. Increasing the fluid pressure enhances the relaxation effect. Using the maximum allowable leakage rate as the failure criterion, a pressure–temperature curve is plotted representing the safety boundaries, which can be used to guide the design of the sealing structures. Furthermore, an exhaustive study on the service life evaluation shows that at high temperature (T ⩾ 120 °C), the service life curves show a plunging segment near a pressure rise to 0.42 MPa.
Temperature and strain monitoring during thermoforming of thermoplastic composite laminates using optical frequency domain reflectometry
Authors: Fan Baocun , Chen Changhao , Wu Qi , Wang Yanfeng , Liu Yang , Zhang Hanqi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) was used to monitor the thermoforming processes of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) to address the limitations of conventional sensors including large size and low spatial resolution. A bare single-mode fiber with a polyimide coating and a fiber encapsulated by a long metal capillary were cascaded and embedded into composite laminates to withstand the high pressure and temperature during thermoforming, and then connected to the OFDR for monitoring. A fiber encapsulated by a 2 cm short metal capillary was also embedded to demonstrate that a 1 mm resolution of the OFDR is beneficial for reflecting the local change in the composite. After processing by wavelet denoising, signal extraction, and decoupling, the frequency shift along the optical fiber sensor was successfully converted to strain and temperature. In two repeated thermoforming experiments that involved cooling from 340 °C, the average temperature difference measured by the OFDR and reference thermocouple was only 4.64 °C. The strain measured by the OFDR and reference fiber Bragg grating (FBG) decreases in the cooling stage, and has a clear knee point of 250 °C when correlated with the temperature and strain. This knee point is consistent with the liquid–liquid transition temperature of the polyetherimide and indicates the beginning of consolidation when the composite changes its properties significantly. The average strain difference measured by OFDR and the reference FBG was 69 μϵ when the total strain is approximately 1820 μϵ if only considering the consolidation process from 250 °C. The results of 1 mm spatial resolution and high accuracy demonstrate that OFDR is a promising high-resolution sensing solution for the in-situ temperature and strain monitoring of the thermoforming of CFRTPs.
Soft electrodes for simultaneous bio-potential and bio-impedance study of the face
Authors: Levit Bara , Funk Paul F , Hanein Yael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The human body’s vascular system is a finely regulated network: blood vessels can change in shape (i.e. constrict, or dilate), their elastic response may shift and they may undergo temporary and partial blockages due to pressure applied by skeletal muscles in their immediate vicinity. Simultaneous measurement of muscle activation and the corresponding changes in vessel diameter, in particular at anatomical regions such as the face, is challenging, and how muscle activation constricts blood vessels has been experimentally largely overlooked. Here we report on a new electronic skin technology for facial investigations to address this challenge. The technology consists of screen-printed dry carbon electrodes on soft polyurethane substrate. Two dry electrode arrays were placed on the face: One array for bio-potential measurements to capture muscle activity and a second array for bio-impedance. For the bio-potential signals, independent component analysis (ICA) was used to differentiate different muscle activations. Four-contact bio-impedance measurements were used to extract changes (related to artery volume change), as well as beats per minute (BPM). We performed concurrent bio-potential and bio-impedance measurements in the face. From the simultaneous measurements we successfully captured fluctuations in the superficial temporal artery diameter in response to facial muscle activity, which ultimately changes blood flow. The observed changes in the face, following muscle activation, were consistent with measurements in the forearm and were found to be notably more intricate. Both at the arm and the face, a clear increase in the baseline impedance was recorded during muscle activation (artery narrowing), while the impedance changes signifying the pulse had a clear repetitive trend only at the forearm. These results reveal the direct connection between muscle activation and the blood vessels in their vicinity and start to unveil the complex mechanisms through which facial muscles might modulate blood flow and possibly affect human physiology.
Development of patient-specific finite element model for study of composite dental implants
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Garg Anshika , Tewari Nitesh , Srivastav Sukeshana , Chanda Arnab 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Traumatic dental injuries can occur due to various reasons such as accidents, sports injuries, fights, falls, and others. These injuries can affect the teeth, gums, and surrounding tissues, and can range from minor chips and cracks to severe fractures, dislocations, and avulsions (when the tooth is completely knocked out of the socket). The most common way to address this is by replacing affected teeth with dental implants. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of composite materials in dental implants and compare them with the traditionally used materials using a patient specific cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) based finite element model (FEM). To conduct this research, two different implant groups i.e., traditional implant and composite implant were designed using Titanium grade 4, zirconium oxide-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), and Zirconia (ZrO2). Six dental implants were designed namely Ti implant, ZLS implant, ZrO2 implant, Ti-ZrO2 composite, Ti-ZLS composite, and ZLS-ZrO2 composite using 3D modelling software. Detailed full-scale 3D models of patient specific dental implant were developed and traumatic loading conditions were applied to the enamel of central incisor teeth or crown of dental implant, and maxilla was constrained in all directions. It was found that the use of composite materials for dental implants can reduce the stresses over the surface of abutment and implant as compared to traditional implants. The detailed models developed as a part of this study can advance the research on dental implants, and with further experimental validation allow the use of composite materials for fabrication of more stable dental implants.
Phenytoin enzyme induction for management of supratherapeutic tacrolimus levels due to drug-drug interaction with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir: Case series and discussion
Authors: Marsh Jennifer , Logan Angela T , Bilgili Erin P , Bowman Lyndsey J , Webb Allyssa R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is one of few options for outpatient treatment of COVID-19, but its use has been limited in transplant recipients due to significant drug interactions with immunosuppressants. Tacrolimus toxicity is possible when the drug is coadministered with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and may require urgent reduction of tacrolimus levels. This case series describes the use of phenytoin for enzyme induction in 5 adult solid organ transplant recipients with supratherapeutic tacrolimus levels resulting from coadministration with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Summary
Solid organ transplant recipients are at high risk for complications related to COVID-19. Outpatient treatment options are limited, and therapeutic drug monitoring is complex in patients requiring quarantine. The 5 solid organ transplant recipients described herein were initiated on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in the outpatient setting and subsequently presented with supratherapeutic tacrolimus concentrations greater than 59 ng/mL and developed signs and symptoms of tacrolimus toxicity. In all patients, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and tacrolimus were discontinued, and oral phenytoin (200-400 mg/day) was given for 2 to 4 days. Tacrolimus was resumed once tacrolimus levels decreased to appropriate levels.

Conclusion
These observations demonstrate that metabolism induction using phenytoin may be a useful strategy in the setting of supratherapeutic tacrolimus levels resulting from concomitant administration with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
Female-to-Male Chest Surgery in Transgender Patients: A Comparison Between 2 Different Techniques and a Satisfaction Study in a Single Center
Authors: Miszewska Claudia , Van Boeckel Virginie , Kittel Louis , Martin François , Nizet Christophe , Nizet Jean Luc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Gender dysphoria is a distress caused by a mismatch between gender identity and the sex assigned at birth. About 0.5% of the population suffer from gender dysphoria, which represents 25 million people worldwide. Gender-affirming mastectomy is the most common procedure for female-to-male patients.

Objectives
The aim of this single-center retrospective study is to present the outcomes after mastectomy and to evaluate patient satisfaction using the BODY-Q questionnaire.

Methods
Several data regarding patient characteristics and surgery have been collected. A satisfaction survey has been sent to patients. Two groups, “NAC grafts” and “semicircular,” have been compared for complications and satisfaction.

Results
A total of 103 patients have had a transgender mastectomy performed by 3 surgeons, representing 206 mastectomies. There were 5 wound infections (4.8%), 8 seromas (6.8%), 10 hematomas (6.8%), and 23 partial/total nipple areolar complex (NAC) necrosis (20.4%). The complication rates in this study are similar to others in the literature. Few studies express interest in patient satisfaction after this type of surgery and even fewer use a suitable questionnaire.

Conclusions
Transgender mastectomy is a safe and often necessary procedure to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from gender dysphoria. Nevertheless, there is currently no validated tool to assess postoperative satisfaction within this specific population group.

Level of Evidence: 3
Bill shape reflects divergent prey consumption for island compared to mainland American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
Authors: Jones Landon R , Berns Chelsea M , Belk Mark C , Bogardus Robert M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Feeding morphology permits animals to adapt to changing environments and is often under strong selection. We evaluated if bill shape varies according to differences in dietary prey taken across geographical ranges (North America, Central America, South America, and Caribbean islands) in a ubiquitous, New World raptor species, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Specifically, we predicted that bills in geographies where kestrels consumed a larger proportion of vertebrates would be shorter and wider, with a larger tomial tooth. We reviewed the literature on kestrel diets across their range and quantified potential differences in bill shape using geometric morphometric methods for 245 museum specimens. The literature review revealed that most prey consumed by kestrels in North, South, and Central America were invertebrates (51.6–69.1%), whereas Caribbean kestrels consumed mostly vertebrates (61.4%), most of which were reptiles (77.3%). Morphometric analyses agreed with these findings; bill shape differed for island versus mainland kestrels but not among mainland regions. Bill shape on islands reflected a more robust bill with a larger tomial tooth, but had a longer hook, which we suggest is adaptive for consumption of lizard prey, more available on islands due to reduced competition with other raptors compared to mainland regions.
Imaging of calcific tendinopathy: natural history, migration patterns, pitfalls, and management: a review
Authors: Saran Sonal , Babhulkar Joban Ashish , Gupta Harun , Chari Basavaraj 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Calcific tendinopathy is characterized by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in various tendons of the body. Terms like calcium tendinitis, tendinosis, and tendinopathy are used interchangeably. Calcific tendinopathy is a common and well-documented ailment in the literature. Although common, the natural history, aetiology, and progression of calcific tendinitis are poorly understood. The treatment options include conservative and interventional measures. However, these measures cannot be applied as a blanket and are often tailored depending on the stage/phase of the disease. Out of the recognized stages of the disease, the resorptive stage causes the utmost symptoms when the calcium is rather soft and unstable. During this stage, the calcium may migrate beyond expected resorption and get deposited in the adjacent tissues contiguous with the calcium focus. The common destinations include bursal migration, intraosseous migration, muscular migration, and other less common migration sites. Such atypical presentations can lead to dilemmas in the diagnosis, prolongation of the diagnostic pathway, unwarranted apprehension, and treatment delay. Radiologists’ role in this situation is to correctly recognize the imaging findings of atypical presentations of calcific tendinopathy and prevent unnecessary diagnostic and interventional studies. In this review article, we describe the pathogenic pathway and natural history of calcific tendinopathy from a radiologist’s perspective and discuss different migratory patterns of calcium in calcific tendinopathy not only around the shoulder but also in other areas of the body on different imaging modalities. We also show a few examples of mimics and pitfalls on imaging. Finally, we discuss the appropriate management option of this condition.
Evaluation of a bidirectional causal association between cardiovascular diseases and pneumonia: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Yeshen , Liu Haobin , Dai Yining , Ye Fei , Luo Wenzhi , Tu Shan , Chen Weikun , Kong Siyu , He Yu , Tan Ning , Zhang Zhihui , He Pengcheng , Liu Yuanhui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Observational evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and pneumonia. However, the causality between CVDs and pneumonia remains undetermined. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate the bidirectional causality between CVDs and pneumonia using a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods and results
A global genetic correlation analysis and a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis were performed to infer the genetic correlation and causality between CVDs and pneumonia by using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from a GWAS meta-analysis study and the FinnGen or UK Biobank consortium. Post hoc power calculation was conducted to assess the power for detecting the causality. The linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis suggested a significant positive genetic correlation between CVDs and pneumonia. In the MR analysis, it was found that only genetically predicted ischaemic stroke was causally associated with any pneumonia [odds ratio (OR): 1.119, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.031–1.393], bacterial pneumonia (OR: 1.251, 95% CI: 1.032–1.516), and pneumococcal pneumonia (OR: 1.308, 95% CI: 1.093–1.565), but the causality was attenuated to non-significance after adjusting for deep venous thrombosis. However, the causal effects of pneumonia on CVDs were not detected. Post hoc power calculations supported a strong power (&gt;80%) to detect the causality.

Conclusion
Ischaemic stroke is causally associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, but there is no evidence for the causal effect of pneumonia on CVDs. Our findings have important implications, as they provide further support for thrombosis risk screening as a strategy to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in patients with ischaemic stroke.
Interactive data sharing for multiple questionnaire-based exposome-wide association studies and exposome correlations in the Personalized Environment and Genes Study
Authors: Lloyd Dillon , House John S , Akhtari Farida S , Schmitt Charles P , Fargo David C , Scholl Elizabeth H , Phillips Jason , Choksi Shail , Shah Ruchir , Hall Janet E , Motsinger-Reif Alison A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The correlations among individual exposures in the exposome, which refers to all exposures an individual encounters throughout life, are important for understanding the landscape of how exposures co-occur, and how this impacts health and disease. Exposome-wide association studies (ExWAS), which are analogous to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), are increasingly being used to elucidate links between the exposome and disease. Despite increased interest in the exposome, tools and publications that characterize exposure correlations and their relationships with human disease are limited, and there is a lack of data and results sharing in resources like the GWAS catalog. To address these gaps, we developed the PEGS Explorer web application to explore exposure correlations in data from the diverse North Carolina-based Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) that were rigorously calculated to account for differing data types and previously published results from ExWAS. Through globe visualizations, PEGS Explorer allows users to explore correlations between exposures found to be associated with complex diseases. The exposome data used for analysis includes not only standard environmental exposures such as point source pollution and ozone levels but also exposures from diet, medication, lifestyle factors, stress, and occupation. The web application addresses the lack of accessible data and results sharing, a major challenge in the field, and enables users to put results in context, generate hypotheses, and, importantly, replicate findings in other cohorts. PEGS Explorer will be updated with additional results as they become available, ensuring it is an up-to-date resource in exposome science.
“Cognitive” Criteria in Older Adults With Slow Gait Speed: Implications for Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome
Authors: Nester Caroline O , Gao Qi , Wang Cuiling , Katz Mindy J , Lipton Richard B , Verghese Joe , Rabin Laura A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia condition that combines slow gait speed and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC). The SCC criterion is presently unstandardized, possibly limiting risk detection. We sought to (a) characterize SCC practices through MCR literature review; (b) investigate the ability of SCC in slow gait individuals in predicting the likelihood of cognitive impairment in a demographically diverse sample of community-dwelling, nondemented older adults.

Methods
First, we comprehensively reviewed the MCR literature, extracting information regarding SCC measures, items, sources, and cognitive domain. Next, Einstein Aging Study (EAS) participants (N = 278, Mage = 77.22 ± 4.74, %female = 67, Meducation = 15 ± 3.61, %non-Hispanic White = 46.3) completed gait, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), and SCC assessment at baseline and annual follow-up (Mfollow-up = 3.5). Forty-two participants met slow gait criteria at baseline. Generalized linear mixed-effects models examined baseline SCC to predict cognitive impairment on CDR over follow-up.

Results
We reviewed all published MCR studies (N = 106) and documented ambiguity in SCC criteria, with a prevalent approach being use of a single self-reported memory item. In EAS, high SCC endorsement on a comprehensive, validated screen significantly affected the rate of cognitive impairment (CDR; βinteraction = 0.039, p = .018) in slow gait individuals.

Conclusions
An assessment approach that queries across numerous SCC domains was found to predict future decline in clinical dementia status in slow gait older adults. Current SCC practices in MCR, which tend to utilize a single-memory item, may not be the optimal approach. We discuss the implications of SCC criteria validation and standardization to enhance early dementia detection in MCR.
Measuring Psychological Resilience in Aging: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study and National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Authors: Taylor Miles G , Bruefach Tyler , Carr Dawn Celeste 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the measurement properties of 2 emerging psychological resilience (PR) measures constructed for use in large national data sources and to test their reliability across social axes including race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Research Design and Methods
Using 2006/2008 data, the Simplified Resilience Score and the Add Health Resilience Scale were tested using overall and multigroup measurement models in a structural equation modeling framework.

Results
Both PR measures perform well as reliable, 1-factor latent constructs capturing adaptive capacity at various life stages. Both measures showed measurement consistency across social axes, with specific differences in item measurement across some racial/ethnic groups.

Discussion and Implications
The results indicate these measures represent high quality, consistent measures of PR in nationally representative aging and health data. The availability of reliable, valid measures of PR enables consistent evaluation of resilience in health and aging processes.