bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Computer Vision and Machine Learning Approach for Robust Vortex Core Detection in Fluid Mechanics Applications
Authors: Amran Abolholl Hazem Ashor , Teschner Tom-Robin , Moulitsas Irene 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Vortex core detection remains an unsolved problem in the field of experimental and computational fluid dynamics. Available methods such as the Q, delta, and swirling strength criterion are based on a decomposed velocity gradient tensor but detect spurious vortices (false positives and false negatives), making these methods less robust. To overcome this, we propose a new hybrid machine learning approach in which we use a convolutional neural network to detect vortex regions within surface streamline plots and an additional deep neural network to detect vortex cores within identified vortex regions. Furthermore, we propose an automatic labeling approach based on K-means clustering to preprocess our input images. We show results for two classical test cases in fluid mechanics: the Taylor–Green vortex problem and two rotating blades. We show that our hybrid approach is up to 2.6 times faster than a pure deep neural network-based approach and furthermore show that our automatic K-means clustering labeling approach achieves within 0.45% mean square error of the more labour-intensive, manual labeling approach. At the same time, by using a sufficient number of samples, we show that we are able to reduce false positives and negatives entirely and thus show that our hybrid machine learning approach is a viable alternative to currently used vortex detection tools in fluid mechanics applications.
Perinatal depression and risk of mortality: nationwide, register based study in Sweden
Authors: Hagatulah Naela , Bränn Emma , Oberg Anna Sara , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A , Shen Qing , Lu Donghao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether women with perinatal depression are at an increased risk of death compared with women who did not develop the disorder, and compared with full sisters.

Design
Nationwide, register based study.

Setting
Swedish national registers, 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2018.

Participants
86 551 women with a first ever diagnosis of perinatal depression ascertained through specialised care and use of antidepressants, and 865 510 women who did not have perinatal depression were identified and matched based on age and calendar year at delivery. To address familial confounding factors, comparisons were made between 270 586 full sisters (women with perinatal depression (n=24 473) and full sisters who did not have this disorder (n=246 113)), who gave at least one singleton birth during the study period.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome was death due to any cause. Secondary outcome was cause specific deaths (ie, unnatural and natural causes). Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios of mortality comparing women with perinatal depression to unaffected women and sisters, taking into account several confounders. The temporal patterns of perinatal depression and differences between antepartum and postpartum onset of perinatal depression were also studied.

Results

522 deaths (0.82 per 1000 person years) were reported among women with perinatal depression diagnosed at a median age of 31.0 years (interquartile range 27.0 to 35.0) over up to 18 years of follow-up. Compared with women who did not have perinatal depression, women with perinatal depression were associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio 2.11 (95% confidence interval 1.86 to 2.40)); similar associations were reported among women who had and did not have pre-existing psychiatric disorder. Risk of death seemed to be increased for postpartum than for antepartum depression (hazard ratio 2.71 (95% confidence interval 2.26 to 3.26)
v
1.62 (1.34 to 1.94)). A similar association was noted for perinatal depression in the sibling comparison (2.12 (1.16 to 3.88)). The association was most pronounced within the first year after perinatal depression but remained up to 18 years after start of follow up. An increased risk was associated with both unnatural and natural causes of death among women with perinatal depression (4.28 (3.44 to 5.32)
v
(1.38 (1.16 to 1.64)), with the strongest association noted for suicide (6.34 (4.62 to 8.71)), although suicide was rare (0.23 per 1000 person years).

Conclusions
Even when accounting for familial factors, women with clinically diagnosed perinatal depression were associated with an increased risk of death, particularly during the first year after diagnosis and because of suicide. Women who are affected, their families, and health professionals should be aware of these severe health hazards after perinatal depression.
Undisclosed financial conflicts of interest in DSM-5-TR: cross sectional analysis
Authors: Davis Lauren C , Diianni Alexa T , Drumheller Sydney R , Elansary Noha N , D’Ambrozio Gianna N , Herrawi Farahdeba , Piper Brian J , Cosgrove Lisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective

To assess the extent and types of financial ties to industry of panel and task force members of the American Psychiatric Association’s
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR), published in 2022.

Design
Cross sectional analysis.

Setting
Open Payments database, USA.

Participants
92 physicians based in the US who served as members of either a panel (n=86) or task force (n=6) on the DSM-5-TR with information recorded in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database during 2016-19. This period was chosen to include the year that development of the DSM-5-TR began and the three years preceding, a time consistent with previous research on conflicts of interest and consistent with the American Psychiatric Association’s disclosure requirements for the fifth revision (DSM-5) of the manual.

Main outcome measures
Type and amount of compensation the panel and task force members of DSM-5-TR received during 2016-19.

Results
After duplicate names had been removed, 168 individuals were identified who served as either panel or task force members of the DSM-5-TR. 92 met the inclusion criteria of being a physician who was based in the US and therefore could be included in Open Payments. Of these 92 individuals, 55 (60%) received payments from industry. Collectively, these panel members received a total of $14.2m (£11.2m; €13m). One third (33.3%) of the task force members had payments reported in Open Payments.

Conclusions

Conflicts of interest among panel members of DSM-5-TR were prevalent. Because of the enormous influence of diagnostic and treatment guidelines, the standards for participation on a guideline development panel should be high. A rebuttable presumption should exist for the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
to prohibit conflicts of interest among its panel and task force members. When no independent individuals with the requisite expertise are available, individuals with associations to industry could consult to the panels, but they should not have decision making authority on revisions or the inclusion of new disorders.
Assessment of urine colour using a wallet card: a randomised study of a novel patient self-care tool during chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Preti Beatrice , Wang Cathy , Dindial Nicole , Malik Shiraz , Rieger Susan , Black Morgan , Sachdeva Robin , Sanatani Michael 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPatients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer often experience dehydration from decreased fluid intake and increased losses. Despite frequent clinical visits during treatment, patients can still present with dehydration, suggesting the need for increased patient awareness and engagement around adverse event management at home. Evidence for benefits of self-monitoring may help motivate patients to engage proactively in their own care to improve their treatment experience.MethodsWe performed a randomised single-centre study of a urine colour self-monitoring card (UCC) during chemoradiation therapy for oesophageal cancer, compared with standard dietitian counselling. Primary outcome was self-efficacy as determined by the Self-Management Resource Centre Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (SMCD). Secondary outcomes included Burge thirst scores, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System scores (ESAS), patient-initiated hydrations, creatinine rise and satisfaction with the UCC.ResultsThirty-five patients were randomised. UCC use was not associated with improved SMCD or ESAS scores compared with standard counselling. The card was highly rated by patients as a welcome tool for self-monitoring.ConclusionsNo beneficial effect on self-efficacy or dehydration markers with UCC use was demonstrated. The study nonetheless drew attention to several factors potentially hindering its use for effective self-care: the unexpected severity of other symptoms consuming patients’ attention, reduced sensitivity of urine colour due to chemotherapy, absence of active inquiry by the healthcare team and the inconvenient location of the UCC in wallet/purse. Urine colour monitoring in patients with oesophageal cancer to improve the patient experience during treatment warrants further study but supported by active healthcare provider inquiry, more accessible format of the card, and possibly home vital checks to increase its sensitivity in the clinical context.
Heated and humidified high flow therapy (HHHFT) in extreme and very preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): a retrospective cohort from a tertiary care setting in Pakistan
Authors: Kessani Vikram Kumar , Hemani Fatima , Ali Iqrar , Memon Sana , Soomro Albar , Zaheer Rija , Das Jai K , Haque Khalid N , Ali Syed Rehan 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the role of heated humidified high flow therapy (HHHFT) as primary respiratory support in spontaneously breathing moderate-late, very and extreme preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) at a tertiary care hospital from a developing country.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNeonatal intensive care unit of Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan.PatientsAll preterm neonates with RDS and who received HHHFT as primary respiratory support were included retrospectively, while neonates with orofacial anomalies, congenital heart and lung diseases other than RDS, abdominal wall defects, encephalopathy, congenital pneumonia and received continuous positive airway pressure or invasive ventilation were excluded.InterventionsHHHFT as primary respiratory support for RDS.Main outcome measuresEffectiveness, duration, failure rate and complications of HHHFT as a primary respiratory support in moderate-late, very and extremely preterm neonates were evaluated.ResultsThe cohort included 138 neonates during a period of 12 months. The median gestational age was 32 weeks, and the median birth weight was 1607 g. Grade 1–2 RDS was seen in 97%, surfactant instillation was done in 10.8% and HHHFT was provided in all the neonates as primary respiratory support. The total duration of HHHFT support was <1 week in 94% of neonates. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pneumothorax until discharge or death were observed in one neonate, haemodynamically significant Patent Ductus Artriosus (HsPDA) in two neonates and intraventricular haemorrhage Grade ≥2 in five neonates, while only one neonate died.ConclusionThis study appears to show that HHHFT is a simple, safe, efficient and cheap mode of primary respiratory support that can be given to spontaneously breathing moderate-late, very and extremely preterm neonates with RDS, especially in low- or middle-income countries.
Flow diverters in the treatment of intracranial dissecting aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy
Authors: Amoukhteh Melika , Hassankhani Amir , Valizadeh Parya , Jannatdoust Payam , Ghozy Sherief , Kobeissi Hassan , Kallmes David F 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIntracranial dissecting aneurysms present clinical challenges, demanding immediate intervention due to their high bleeding risk. While traditional treatments have limitations, the potential of flow diverters shows promise but remains a subject of ongoing debate for optimal management. The aim of this study was assess the safety and efficacy of flow diverters in the treatment of intracranial dissecting aneurysms.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following established guidelines. The search encompassed PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to July 20, 2023. Eligible studies reporting outcomes of interest were included, and relevant data were extracted and analyzed using R software.ResultsThe analysis, based on data pooled from 20 included studies involving 329 patients, revealed a favorable functional outcome rate of 89.7% at the last follow-up. The mortality rate during the follow-up period was 2.4%, decreasing to 0.9% when excluding the outlier study. In the final angiographic follow-up, a complete occlusion rate of 71.7% and an adequate occlusion rate of 88.3% were observed. Notably, studies with longer angiographic follow-up times exhibited lower rates of complete (P=0.02) and adequate (P<0.01) occlusion. A minimal aneurysm recurrence/rebleeding rate of 0.1% was noted, while in-stent stenosis/thrombosis occurred at a rate of 1.14%. Additionally, ischemic events/infarctions were seen in 3.3% of cases. The need for retreatment was minimal, with a rate of 0.9%, and the technical success rate was impressively high at 99.1%.ConclusionThis study highlights the safety and efficacy of flow diverters in treating intracranial dissecting aneurysms. Further research, encompassing larger multicenter studies with extended follow-up periods, is crucial for comprehending occlusion dynamics, refining treatment strategies, improving long-term outcomes, and addressing methodological limitations.
Clinical trajectories of hand function impairment in systemic sclerosis: an unmet clinical need across disease subsets
Authors: De Lorenzis Enrico , Kakkar Vishal , Di Donato Stefano , Wilson Michelle , Barnes Theresa , Denton Chris , Derrett-Smith Emma , Douglas Karen , Helliwell Philip , Herrick Ariane L , Saleem Benazir , Nisar Muhammad , Morley Catherine , Green Lorraine , Alcacer-Pitarch Begonya , Del Galdo Francesco 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHand involvement is an early manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), culprit of diagnosis and classification, and recognised major driver of disability. Impairment of hand function burdens both limited and diffuse cutaneous subsets and therefore could be targeted as ‘basket’ endpoint in SSc. Nevertheless, its natural history in current standard of care is not well characterised, limiting the design of targeted trials. The aim of this study is to describe prevalence, natural history and clinical factors associated with hand function deterioration in a longitudinal, multicentre, observational SSc cohort.MethodsHand function was captured through the validated Cochin Hand Function Scale in patients consecutively enrolled in a multicentre observational study and observed over 24 months. Minimal clinically important differences and patient acceptable symptom state were analysed as previously described.ResultsThree hundred and ninety-six consecutive patients were enrolled from 10 centres; 201 with complete follow-up data were included in the analysis. Median (IQR) disease duration was 5 (2–11) years. One hundred and five (52.2%) patients reported clinically significant worsening. Accordingly, the proportion of patients reporting unacceptable hand function increased over 2 years from 27.8% to 35.8% (p<0.001). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis identified male gender, disease subset, Raynaud’s Condition Score, tenosynovitis and pain, as some of the key factors associated with worsening hand involvement.ConclusionsHand function deteriorates over time in more than 50% of SSc patients despite available therapies. The analysis of factors associated with hand function worsening supports the involvement of both inflammation, vascular and fibrotic processes in hand involvement, making it a hallmark clinical manifestation of SSc. Our data are poised to inform the design of intervention studies to target this major driver of disability in SSc.
Frequency of irritable bowel syndrome in spondyloarthritis: a multicentric cross-sectional study and meta-analysis
Authors: Bernard Jessika , Barnetche Thomas , Amory Charlotte , Despres Jerome , Vandersmissen Maxime , Landrin Justine , Gaujoux-Viala Cecile , Lukas Cédric , Ruyssen-Witrand Adeline , Truchetet Marie-Elise , Vergne-Salle Pascale , Mathieu Sylvain , Tournadre Anne 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and factors associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA).MethodsIn a cross-sectional multicentric study, consecutive patients with ax-SpA treated with biologics in five rheumatology departments were asked for IBS Rome IV criteria. Demographic data, lifestyle behaviours and disease characteristics were recorded. Second, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsOf the 500 patients with ax-SpA included, 124 reported IBS symptoms (25%). Female gender, unemployment, higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and worse Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index scores, multiple lines of biologics, fibromyalgia, anxiety, depression and lower physical activity were associated with IBS symptoms. In multivariate model, the risk of IBS was associated with anxiety and physical inactivity. From the literature review, the prevalence of IBS in patients with SpA was 15.4% (8.8% to 23.3%). Meta-analysis of the five studies comparing the presence of IBS in patients with SpA (323/7292) and healthy controls (484/35587) showed a significant increase of IBS in patients with SpA (OR=1.59 (1.05 to 2.40)).ConclusionThe prevalence of IBS symptoms was high in the ax-SpA population and should therefore be considered in the presence of gastrointestinal disorders. The presence of IBS symptoms was associated with anxiety and low physical activity in multivariate analysis. Patients with IBS symptoms tended to have more difficult to manage disease characterised by higher activity, worse functional score and multiple lines of treatment in univariate analysis.
Tracheostomies for respiratory failure are associated with a high inpatient mortality: a potential trigger to reconsider goals of care
Authors: Colbert Cameron , Streblow Aaron D , Sherry Scott P , Dobbertin Konrad , Cook Mackenzie 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAcute care surgeons are frequently consulted for tracheostomy placement in the intensive care unit (ICU). Tracheostomy may facilitate ventilator weaning and improve physical comfort. Short-term outcomes after tracheostomy are not well studied. We hypothesize that a high proportion of ICU patients who underwent tracheostomy died prior to discharge. These data will help guide clinical decision-making at a key pivot point in care.MethodsWe identified 177 mixed ICU patients who received a tracheostomy for respiratory failure between January 2013 and December 2018. We excluded patients with trauma. Patient information was collected and comparisons made with univariable and multivariable statistics.ResultsOf the 177 patients who underwent a tracheostomy for respiratory failure, 45% were women, median age was 63 (51–71) years. Of this group 18% died prior to discharge, 63% were discharged to a care facility and only 16% discharged home. Compared with survivors, patients with tracheostomies who died during their admission were older, age 69 (64–76) versus 61 (49–71) years (p<0.01) on univariable analysis. In this model, no single comorbid condition or length of stay (LOS) variable was predictive of death before discharge. A multivariable model controlling for covariation similarly identified age, as well as a longer ICU LOS of 34 (20–49) versus 23 (16–31) days (p=0.003) as factors associated with increased likelihood of death before discharge.ConclusionsTracheostomy placement in a mixed ICU population is associated with a nearly 20% inpatient mortality and the vast majority of surviving patients were discharged to a care facility. This suggests that the need for tracheostomy could be considered a trigger for re-evaluation of patient goals. The high risk of death due to underlying illness and high intensity care after their hospitalization emphasize the need for clear advanced care planning discussions around the time of tracheostomy placement.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Retrospective cohort study.
Teaching to extract spectral densities from lattice correlators to a broad audience of learning-machines
Authors: Buzzicotti Michele , De Santis Alessandro , Tantalo Nazario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a new supervised deep-learning approach to the problem of the extraction of smeared spectral densities from Euclidean lattice correlators. A distinctive feature of our method is a model-independent training strategy that we implement by parametrizing the training sets over a functional space spanned by Chebyshev polynomials. The other distinctive feature is a reliable estimate of the systematic uncertainties that we achieve by introducing several ensembles of machines, the broad audience of the title. By training an ensemble of machines with the same number of neurons over training sets of fixed dimensions and complexity, we manage to provide a reliable estimate of the systematic errors by studying numerically the asymptotic limits of infinitely large networks and training sets. The method has been validated on a very large set of random mock data and also in the case of lattice QCD data. We extracted the strange-strange connected contribution to the smeared R-ratio from a lattice QCD correlator produced by the ETM Collaboration and compared the results of the new method with the ones previously obtained with the HLT method by finding a remarkably good agreement between the two totally unrelated approaches.
Derivation of effective theories for thin 3D nonlinearly elastic rods with voids
Authors: Friedrich Manuel , Kreutz Leonard , Zemas Konstantinos 
Published: January 2024

We derive a dimension-reduction limit for a three-dimensional rod with material voids by means of [Formula: see text]-convergence. Hereby, we generalize the results of the purely elastic setting [M. G. Mora and S. Müller, Derivation of the nonlinear bending-torsion theory for inextensible rods by [Formula: see text]-convergence, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 18 (2003) 287–305] to a framework of free discontinuity problems. The effective one-dimensional model features a classical elastic bending–torsion energy, but also accounts for the possibility that the limiting rod can be broken apart into several pieces or folded. The latter phenomenon can occur because of the persistence of voids in the limit, or due to their collapsing into a discontinuity of the limiting deformation or its derivative. The main ingredient in the proof is a novel rigidity estimate in varying domains under vanishing curvature regularization, obtained in [M. Friedrich, L. Kreutz and K. Zemas, Geometric rigidity in variable domains and derivation of linearized models for elastic materials with free surfaces, preprint (2021), arXiv:2107.10808].