bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indoor microcell area prediction system using a ray‐tracing method
Authors: Imai Tetsuro , Inukai Yuichiro , Fujii Teruya 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn mobile communications, such as the cordless telephone, it is important to identify the service area for situations where a base station is installed indoors. However, the mix of walls, columns, and partitions in the typical indoor environment makes it difficult to develop a precise signal propagation estimation formula. The ray‐tracing method provides a precise method for the estimation of electric field strengths. Although this method provides a relatively facile way of estimating the electric field strength by simply determining the geometric tracing between sender and receiver, an increase in the number of structural components, such as walls, columns, and partitions, results in a rapid increase in the required processing time. Therefore, the practical utilization of an area prediction system requires an increase in processing speed. This paper proposes a ray‐trace‐based algorithm that permits high‐speed processing. It also describes an indoor area prediction system, IMAP, that has been developed based on the proposed algorithm, and discusses its prediction accuracy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(10): 60–72, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10189
Adsorption Effect on the Dynamic Response of a Biochemical Reaction in a Biofilm Reactor for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Tsuneda S. , Inoue Y. , Auresenia J. , Hirata A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of a completely mixed, three‐phase, fluidized bed biofilm reactor treating simulated domestic wastewater was studied with step changes in inlet concentration. It was found that the response curves showed second order characteristics, i.e., as the inlet concentration was increased, the outlet concentration also increased, reached a peak value and then decreased until it leveled to a new steady‐state value corresponding to the new inlet concentration level. Nonlinear regression analysis was performed using Monod‐type rate equations with and without an adsorption term. As a result, the theoretical curve of the kinetic model that incorporates the adsorption term has best fit to the actual response in most cases. Thus, it was concluded that the adsorption of a substrate onto the biofilm and carrier particles has a significant effect on the dynamic response in biofilm processes.
Production of Recombinant Proteins with Pichia pastoris in Integrated Processing
Authors: Cornelissen G. , Bertelsen H.‐P. , Lenz K. , Hahn B. , Schultz M. , Scheffler U. , Werner E. , Leptien H. , Krüß S. , Jansen A.‐K. , Elsholz O. , Gliem T. , Wilhelm B.‐U. , Sowa E. , Radeke H.H. , Luttman R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDevices and methods for Integrated Bioprocessing have been developed for production of recombinant proteins with the yeast Pichia pastoris. In doing so cross flow filtration techniques for cell separation and product concentration are connected directly to high instrumented cultivation processes. These are equipped with on‐line measuring techniques for substrates and products, e.g., glycerol, methanol and pyruvate as well as recombinant proteins, e.g., the chemokines 1–8del MCP‐1 and vMIP‐II. Complex automation structures allow for process development at virtual plants which can be used as the basis for establishing and implementing fully automated real processes. Experiments for determination of reaction kinetics, optimization of productivity in high‐cell density cultures and Integrated Bioprocessing are outlined, along with detailed illustration of the realization of the methods at industrial pilot plant scale.
Study and Identification of Retention Process of Heavy Metals by Adsorption on Agricultural Byproducts
Authors: Bencheikh‐lehocine M. , Arris S. , Meniai A.‐H. , Morcellet M. , Bacquet M. , Martel B. , Mansri A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis present study considers the adsorption of cations of heavy metals (zinc, cadmium, copper) which are frequently encountered in industrial wastewaters. The solid material used as adsorbent is nonactivated carbon obtained from a local cereal byproduct. In order to assess this material, adsorbents obtained from other agricultural byproducts, such as almond and peanuts shells, have also been tested. Adsorption isotherms have been determined and the influence of various parameters, such as the particle size, the solid‐liquid contacting time, the pH of the solution, the initial concentration, the mixing velocity, the temperature and the ratio solid mass over solution volume, have been considered. The case of simultaneous presence of metallic cations in the solution has also been considered in order to examine their affinity towards the adsorbent. An attempt to determine whether the retention of the cations is a pure adsorption or an ion exchange has also been carried out. Retention yield values exceeding 90 % have been reached with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, a temperature of 20 °C, a particle size smaller than 0.1 mm, a mixing velocity of 600 rev/min, a ratio of 0.5 g adsorbent over 50 ml of solution and a pH varying between 3 and 6.
Geomorphic changes in a complex gully system measured from sequential digital elevation models, and implications for management
Authors: Betts Harley D. , Trustrum Noel A. , Rose Ronald C. De 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHigh‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) were derived from sequential aerial photography of an active ﬂuvio‐mass movement (gully) complex in New Zealand's North Island East Coast region, to measure geomorphic changes over approximately one year. The gully showed a complex behaviour, combining ﬂuvial and mass movement erosion, deposition, and reworking of materials stored in an active debris fan. During the measurement period 5200 ± 1700 m3 of material were eroded from the 8·7 ha gully complex and 670 ± 180 m3 from the 0·8 ha depositional fan, giving a total of 5870 ± 1710 m3 for the entire gully complex–fan system.The results provide a high‐resolution description of gully behaviour over a short time period, and also demonstrate that mass movement (slumping and debris ﬂows) accounted for almost 90 per cent (4660 ± 200 m3) of the sediment generated. This erosional response is described in terms of gully evolution by comparing the gully complex to other systems in the region in various stages of development. The effect of gully evolution on geomorphic coupling between the gully complex and channel system is described, and coupling is also shown to vary with the magnitude and frequency of rainfall events.From a land management perspective the success of strategies, such as tree planting, to mitigate against gully erosion depends on the stage of gully development – particularly on whether or not mass movement erosion has begun. In contrast to gully rehabilitation efforts elsewhere, basin‐wide afforestation in the early stages of gully incision is favoured over riparian planting, given that mass movement assisted by excessive groundwater pressure is the main process leading to uncontrollable gully expansion.To protect land effectively against continuing gully erosion of headwater catchments and resulting downstream aggradation, it is necessary for land managers to understand the spatial and temporal variability of gully development fully so that mitigation efforts can be targeted appropriately. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coastal conglomerates around the Hadjer el Khamis inselbergs (western Chad, central Africa): new evidence for Lake Mega‐Chad episodes
Authors: Schuster Mathieu , Duringer Philippe , Ghienne Jean‐Francois , Vignaud Patrick , Beauvilain Alain , Mackaye Hassan Taisso , Brunet Michel 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper reports on a study dealing with the rhyolitic inselbergs of Hadjer el Khamis that formed palaeoislands during Lake Mega‐Chad events. Field observations have shown that: (1) conglomeratic patches of immature to mature clasts are preserved at the feet of the Hadjer el Khamis inselbergs; (2) in cross‐section, their proﬁle reveals a well deﬁned cliff–platform junction at a constant elevation (325 m). The monolithological clasts show all degrees of roundness, from angular cobbles to well rounded pebbles. This wide range of maturity suggests a coastal origin for these cobbles. The system was permanently fed with angular clasts, which were progressively worn by waves. Cobbles that were wave‐worked for the longest time are the best rounded. The cliff–platform junction is the result of erosion by waves, which attacked and undercut the inselberg cliffs during Lake Mega‐Chad events. Asymmetrical erosion proﬁles moreover suggest a wind regime dominated by SW to NE oriented winds. These interpretations have two implications. The elevation of the cliff–platform junction is an indication of the highest water level of Lake Mega‐Chad at 320–325 m, which is in agreement with other observations elsewhere in the basin. The SW to NE oriented winds show that monsoon‐related winds were prevalent during Lake Mega‐Chad events, suggesting the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone was located higher in latitude than today. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing etching hypothesis for the shaping of granite dome structures beneath lateritic weathering landsurfaces using ERT method
Authors: Beauvais Anicet , Ritz Michel , Parisot Jean‐Claude , Bantsimba Christian 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
An Erratum has been published for this article in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 28(13) 2003, 1491.
Granite domes, boulders and knobs buried within saprolite have been detected beneath lateritic weathering landsurfaces using 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). This technique provides a valuable means of mapping the bedrock topography and the regolith structures underneath landsurfaces, as it is intrinsically very sensitive to the electrical properties of superimposed pedological, hydrological and geological layers, allowing the determination of their relative geometry and spatial relationships. For instance, 2D inverse electrical resistivity models including topographic data permit the deﬁnition of lithostratigraphic cross‐sections. It shows that resistive layers, such as the more or less hardened ferruginous horizons and/or the bedrock, are generally well differentiated from poorly resistive layers, such as saprolite, including water‐saturated lenses, as has been corroborated by past and actual borehole observations. The analysis of the 2D geometrical relations between the weathering front, i.e. the bedrock topography, and the erosion surface, i.e. the landsurface topography, documents the weathering and erosion processes governing the development of the landforms and the underlying structures, thus allowing the etching hypothesis to be tested. The inﬁltration waters are diverted by bedrock protrusions, which behave as structural thresholds compartmentalizing the saprolite domain, and also the regolith water table, into distinct perched saturated subdomains. The diverted waters are thus accumulated in bedrock troughs, which behave like underground channels where the saprolite production rate may be enhanced, provided that the water drainage is efﬁcient. If the landsurface topography controls the runoff dynamics, the actual bedrock topography as depicted by ERT imaging inﬂuences the hydrodynamics beneath the landsurface. In some way, this may control the actual weathering rate and the shaping of bedrock protrusions as granite domes and knobs within thick saprolite, before their eventual future exposure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water and sediment outbursts from advanced Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand
Authors: Davies Timothy R. H. , Smart Chris C. , Turnbull Jill M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe Franz Josef Glacier, Westland, New Zealand, has a history of catastrophic sediment‐laden outburst ﬂoods associated with extreme rainfall events when the glacier toe is advanced over its own sediments. Consideration of these events and inspection of recent sediment deposits suggest that there are three distinct modes of outburst. The ﬁrst is associated with fans fed by overﬂow along the glacier margin. As the glacier has advanced across its own foreﬁeld gravels, it is inferred that the primary drainage conduit has developed a reach of negative slope. In high ﬂows massive boulders can block the conduit, trapping lesser clasts. The resulting backup of water causes overﬂows through marginal moulins, producing the fan type of deposit.The second type of outburst deposits massive imbricated boulders at a greater or lesser distance from the glacier portal. In this case, pressure buildup drives the blockage out of the portal where the boulders deposit. Smaller materials are generally carried away.The third type consists of very shallow ﬂows, and produces massive gravel deposits of uncertain provenance. In this condition, the excess pressure in the conduit results in slight uplift of the glacier and widespread discharge of water and sediment below the glacier snout; gravels and smaller sediments are laid down in a massive deposit across the foreﬁeld.The massive, boulder‐veneered deposit from the December 1995 outburst is interpreted in the light of the above mechanisms as a hyperconcentrated ﬂow deposit from hydraulic jacking, overlain by boulders emplaced by a subsequent conduit outburst. A possible association of outbursts with the present advanced position of the glacier is suggested. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The design of post‐mining landscapes using geomorphic principles
Authors: Hancock G. R. , Loch R. J. , Willgoose G. R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNature can provide analogues for post‐mining landscapes in terms of landscape stability and also in terms of the rehabilitated structure ‘blending in’ with the surrounding undisturbed landscape. In soil‐mantled landscapes, hillslopes typically have a characteristic proﬁle that has a convex upper hillslope proﬁle with a concave proﬁle lower down the slope. In this paper hillslope characteristic form is derived using the area–slope relationship from pre‐mining topography at two sites in Western Australia. Using this relationship, concave hillslope proﬁles are constructed and compared to linear hillslopes in terms of sediment loss using the SIBERIA erosion model. It is found that concave hillslopes can reduce sediment loss by up to ﬁve times that of linear slopes. Concave slopes can therefore provide an alternative method for the construction of post‐mining landscapes. An understanding of landscape geomorphological properties and the use of erosion models can greatly assist in the design of post‐mining landscapes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation and measurement of surface shear stress over isolated and closely spaced transverse dunes in a wind tunnel
Authors: Walker Ian J. , Nickling William G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTopographic interactions generate multidirectional and unsteady airﬂow that limits the application of velocity proﬁle approaches for estimating sediment transport over dunes. Results are presented from a series of wind tunnel simulations using Irwin‐type surface‐mounted pressure sensors to measure shear stress variability directly at the surface over both isolated and closely spaced sharp‐crested model dunes. Findings complement existing theories on secondary airﬂow effects on stoss transport dynamics and provide new information on the inﬂuence of lee‐side airﬂow patterns on dune morphodynamics.For all speeds investigated, turbulent unsteadiness at the dune toe indicates a greater, more variable surface shear, despite a signiﬁcant drop in time‐averaged measurements of streamwise shear stress at this location. This effect is believed sufﬁcient to inhibit sediment deposition at the toe and may be responsible for documented intermittency in sand transport in the toe region. On the stoss slope, streamline compression and ﬂow acceleration cause an increase in ﬂow steadiness and shear stress to a maximum at the crest that is double that at the toe of the isolated dune and 60–70 per cent greater than at ﬂow reattachment on the lower stoss of closely spaced dunes. Streamwise ﬂow accelerations, rather than turbulence, have greater inﬂuence on stress generation on the stoss and this effect increases with stoss slope distance and with incident wind speed. Reversed ﬂow within the separation cell generates signiﬁcant surface shear (30–40 per cent of maximum values) for both spacings. This supports ﬁeld studies that suggest reversed ﬂow is competent enough to return sediment to the dune directly or in a deﬂected direction. High variability in shear at reattachment indicates impact of a turbulent shear layer that, despite low values of time‐averaged streamwise stress in this region, would inhibit sediment accumulation. Downwind of reattachment, shear stress and ﬂow steadiness increase within 6 h (h = dune height) of reattachment and approach upwind values by 25 h. A distance of at least 30 h is suggested for full boundary layer recovery, which is comparable to ﬂuvial estimates.The Irwin sensor used in this study provides a reliable means to measure skin friction force responsible for sand transport and its robust, simple, and cost‐effective design shows promise for validating these ﬁndings in natural dune settings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphological and historical data in assessing landslide hazard
Authors: Carrara Alberto , Crosta Giovanni , Frattini Paolo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTraditionally, earth scientists assess landslide occurrence on the basis of geomorphological investigations carried out through aerial photograph interpretation and ﬁeldwork. Conversely, local administrators primarily evaluate the impact of natural catastrophes, such as landsliding, on the basis of historical records and data. Owing to the substantial difference in the structure and spatial density of these two types of information, it is difﬁcult to compare them directly and few investigators have attempted this.We compared landslide information derived from geomorphological mapping and historical data in a pilot area (the Staffora river basin, northern Italy). To do this we generated two multivariate statistical models where the dependent variable was either the mapped landslide deposits (geomorphological model), or the historical sites affected by landslide‐induced damage (historical model). By quantitatively comparing these two model maps, we demonstrate that the geomorphological model performs better in terms of percentage of terrain units correctly predicted as stable or unstable. The historical model underestimates landslide hazard mainly where human structures are lacking. However, it highlights slopes where landslide movements take place with a high frequency at the temporal scale of human life. Hence, the joint use of these two models may facilitate the knowledge of the overall instability conditions of a given region and the identiﬁcation of the landslides that are most frequently reactivated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐mean reverting‐factor model of the term structure of interest rates
Authors: Moreno Manuel 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article presents a two‐factor model of the term structure of interest rates. It is assumed that default‐free discount bond
prices are determined by the time to maturity and two factors, the long‐term interest rate, and the spread (i.e., the difference)
between the short‐term (instantaneous) risk‐free rate of interest and the long‐term rate. Assuming that both factors
follow a joint Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process, a general bond pricing equation is derived. Closed‐form expressions for prices of bonds and
interest rate derivatives are obtained. The analytical formula for derivatives is applied to price European options on discount bonds and more
complex types of options. Finally, empirical evidence of the model's performance in comparison with an alternative two‐factor
(Vasicek‐CIR) model is presented. The findings show that both models exhibit a similar behavior for the shortest maturities.
However, importantly, the results demonstrate that modeling the volatility in the long‐term rate process can help to fit the observed data,
and can improve the prediction of the future movements in medium‐ and long‐term interest rates. So it is not so clear which is the best
model to be used. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23: 1075–1105, 2003
The design and pricing of fixed‐ and moving‐window contracts: An application of Asian‐Basket option pricing methods to the hog‐finishing sector
Authors: Shao Renyuan , Roe Brian 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAsian‐Basket‐type moving‐window contracts are an increasingly used risk‐management tool in the North American hog
sector. The moving‐window contract is decomposed into a portfolio of a long Asian‐Basket put and a short Asian‐Basket call
option. A projected break‐even price is used to determine the floor price, and then Monte Carlo simulation methods are used to price both a
moving‐ and a fixed‐window contract. These methods provide unbiased pricing of fixed‐ and moving‐window
hog‐finishing contracts of 1‐year duration. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1047–1073, 2003
Asymmetric covariance in spot‐futures markets
Authors: Meneu Vicente , Torró Hipòlit 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article studies how the spot‐futures conditional covariance matrix responds to positive and negative innovations. The main results of
the article are achieved by obtaining the Volatility Impulse Response Function (VIRF) for asymmetric multivariate GARCH structures, extending
Lin (1997) findings for symmetric GARCH models. This theoretical result is general and can be applied to analyze covariance dynamics in any
financial system. After testing how multivariate GARCH models clean up volatility asymmetries, the Asymmetric VIRF is computed for the Spanish stock
index IBEX‐35 and its futures contract. The empirical results indicate that the spot‐futures variance system is more sensitive to
negative than positive shocks, and that spot volatility shocks have much more impact on futures volatility than vice versa. Additionally, evidence is
obtained showing that optimal hedge ratios are insensitive to the well‐known asymmetric volatility behavior in stock markets. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:1019–1046, 2003
Radiation therapy for angiosarcoma
Authors: Ward Jon R. , Feigenberg Steven J. , Mendenhall Nancy Price , Marcus Robert B. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground.Between 1964 and 1998, 19 patients with histologically proven angiosarcoma were treated with curative intent with radiation therapy.Methods.Median follow‐up was 37 months (range, 8–234 months).Results.The actuarial 5‐year absolute survival and local control rates were 51% and 50%, respectively. Of 12 patients who relapsed, 8 had isolated local recurrence as the first site of treatment failure, 2 had local (1 patient) or regional recurrence in conjunction with distant metastases, and 2 had distant metastases alone. Two of four patients who underwent further therapy for recurrent disease were successfully salvaged.Conclusions.Only the location of the primary tumor was a predictor of local control and absolute survival at 5 years. Angiosarcomas located on the scalp imply a dismal prognosis compared with those in other locations with the predominant pattern of failure being local recurrence. Patients should be treated aggressively with surgical resection and preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 25: 873–878, 2003