bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and Race Differences in Obesity-Related Genetic Susceptibility and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease in Older US Adults
Authors: Yu Hairui , Armstrong Nicole , Pavela Greg , Kaiser Kathryn 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceThe fat mass and obesity–associated gene (FTO) is associated with obesity phenotypes, but the association is inconsistent across populations. Within-population differences may explain some of the variability observed.ObjectiveTo investigate sex differences in the association between FTO single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and obesity traits among self-identified non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White US adults, to examine whether the SNVs were associated with cardiometabolic diseases, and to evaluate whether obesity mediated the association between FTO SNVs and cardiometabolic diseases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a US population-based cohort study with available genetic data (assayed in 2018) and phenotypic data at baseline (enrolled 2003-2007). Participants were aged 45 to 98 years at baseline. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to October 2022.ExposuresEleven SNVs in the FTO gene present among both Black and White participants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresObjectively measured obesity indicators (body mass index and waist-to-height ratio), objectively measured and/or self-reported cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, stroke history, heart disease, and diabetes), and self-reported social-economic and psychosocial status.ResultsA total of 10 447 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.4 [9.7] years; 5276 [55.8%] women; 8743 [83.7%] Black and 1704 [16.3%] White) were included. In the White group, 11 FTO SNVs were significantly associated with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes using linear models (eg, body mass index: β = 0.536; 95% CI, 0.197-0.875), but none of the FTO SNVs were associated with obesity traits in the Black group. White males had a higher risk of obesity while White females had a higher risk of hypertension and diabetes. However, 1 FTO SNV (rs1121980) was associated with a direct increase in the risk of heart disease in Black participants not mediated by obesity (c′ = 0.145 [SE, 0.0517]; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of obesity phenotypes and their association with cardiometabolic diseases, the tested FTO SNVs reflected sex differences in White participants. Different patterns of associations were observed among self-identified Black participants. Therefore, these results could inform future work discovering risk alleles or risk scores unique to Black individuals or further investigating genetic risk in all US residents.
Topiramate dosage optimization for effective antiseizure management via population pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Lee Seolah , Kim Hyun Chul , Jang Yoonhyuk , Lee Han Sang , Ahn Seon‐Jae , Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Park Kyung‐Il , Jung Ki‐Young , Oh Jaeseong , Lee SeungHwan , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Jang In‐Jin , Lee Soyoung , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveDespite the suggested topiramate serum level of 5–20 mg/L, numerous institutions have observed substantial drug response at lower levels. We aim to investigate the correlation between topiramate serum levels, drug responsiveness, and adverse events to establish a more accurate and tailored therapeutic range.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data collected between January 2017 and January 2022 at Seoul National University Hospital. Drug responses to topiramate were categorized as “insufficient” or “sufficient” by reduction in seizure frequency ≥ 50%. A population pharmacokinetic model estimated serum levels from spot measurements. ROC curve analysis determined the optimal cutoff values.ResultsA total of 389 epilepsy patients were reviewed having a mean dose of 178.4 ± 117.9 mg/day and the serum level, 3.9 ± 2.8 mg/L. Only 5.6% samples exhibited insufficient response, with a mean serum level of 3.6 ± 2.5 mg/L while 94.4% demonstrated sufficient response, with a mean 4.0 ± 2.8 mg/L, having no statistical significance. Among the 69 reported adverse events, logistic regression analysis identified a significant association between ataxia and serum concentration (p = 0.04), with an optimal cutoff value of 6.5 mg/L.InterpretationThis study proposed an optimal therapeutic concentration for topiramate based on patients' responsiveness to the drug and the incidence of adverse effects. We recommended serum levels below 6.5 mg/L to mitigate the risk of ataxia‐related side effects while dose elevation was found unnecessary for suboptimal responders, as the drug's effectiveness plateaus at minimal doses.
Development of the Takayasu Arteritis Integrated Disease Activity Index
Authors: Marvisi Chiara , Bolek Ertugrul Cagri , Ahlman Mark A. , Alessi Hugh , Redmond Christopher , Muratore Francesco , Galli Elena , Ricordi Caterina , Kaymaz‐Tahra Sema , Ozguven Salih , Alibaz‐Oner Fatma , Direskeneli Haner , Salvarani Carlo , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Grayson Peter C. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveAccurate clinical assessment of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) can be challenging. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) can directly measure vascular inflammation. This study details the development of a new type of disease activity index called the Takayasu's Arteritis Integrated Disease Activity Index (TAIDAI).MethodsClinical symptoms for TAIDAI were identified from a literature review. Each symptom was paired with FDG‐PET findings in corresponding arterial territories. Constitutional symptoms were paired with acute phase reactant levels. One point was given for each clinical symptom paired with supporting FDG‐PET or laboratory abnormalities and summed into the TAIDAI score. A TAIDAI of ≥1 defined active disease. To assess performance of TAIDAI, face validity, content validity, and sensitivity to change were evaluated within a prospective observational cohort study of patients with TAK.ResultsSeventeen clinical symptoms were paired with imaging or laboratory abnormalities. In a cohort of 96 patients contributing 204 study visits, TAIDAI showed excellent sensitivity (96.3%) and good specificity (79.2%) compared to physician's clinical assessment. TAIDAI significantly correlated with physician global assessment, PET Vascular Activity Score, patient global assessment, and acute phase reactant levels. In patients treated with either tumor necrosis factor inhibitors or tocilizumab, a TAIDAI of 0 was achieved in 21 (91%) of 23 patients who met a predefined definition of clinical response.ConclusionTAIDAI is new type of disease activity index in TAK in which clinical symptoms are integrated with specific laboratory and imaging findings. TAIDAI should be validated in future randomized controlled trials in TAK.
Impact of Chemotherapeutic Stress Depends on The Nature of Breast Cancer Spheroid and Induce Behavioral Plasticity to Resistant Population
Authors: Gayan Sukanya , Teli Abhishek , Sonawane Akshay , Dey Tuli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCellular or tumor dormancy, identified recently as one of the main reasons behind post‐therapy recurrence, can be caused by diverse reasons. Chemotherapy has recently been recognized as one of such reasons. However, in‐depth studies of chemotherapy‐induced dormancy are lacking due to the absence of an in vitro human‐relevant model tailor‐made for such a scenario. This report utilized multicellular breast cancer spheroid to create a primary platform for establishing a chemotherapy‐induced dormancy model. It is observed that extreme chemotherapeutic stress affects invasive and non‐invasive spheroids differently. Non‐invasive spheroids exhibit more resilience and maintain viability and migrational ability, while invasive spheroids display heightened susceptibility and improved tumorigenic capacity. Heterogenous spheroids exhibit increased tumorigenic capacity while show minimal survival ability. Further probing of chemotherapeutically dormant spheroids is needed to understand the molecular mechanism and identify dormancy‐related markers to achieve therapeutic success in the future.
Multi‐Field Coupled Motion Induces Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Property Regeneration of Elastomer in Marine Environment
Authors: Tao Jiaqi , Zhou Jintang , Yao Zhengjun , Wang Jin , Xu Linling , Tao Xuewei , Wu Hongjing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe mechanical‐electromagnetic dual healing system equips warships with the same reproducibility as biological skin, enabling rapid restoration of electromagnetic stealth and overcoming disturbances in the marine environment. However, the principle of electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) property regeneration and co‐healing model are still largely unknown. Herein, a bio‐inspired intelligent elastomer is created that combines 2D EWA mediums with an underwater self‐healing fluoropolymer framework, realizing multifunctional integration. It demonstrates excellent broadband EWA characteristics (8.68 GHz, 2.16 mm) and promising underwater self‐healing (23.73%, 3 h). Notably, the dynamic interweaving motion between chemical and physical fields (i.e., dielectric and magnetic fields) facilitates positive chain effects of mechanical healing on electromagnetic function. Consequently, this interdependence drives efficient EWA property regeneration (94.1%, 3 h), including but not limited to underwater and air. Furthermore, the system boasts excellent hydrophobicity and chemical stability for seawater and strong alkali. Overall, this work is the first to present an effective strategy for quickly restoring electromagnetic stealth in marine environments, which expands the feasibility boundary of the interdisciplinarity.
Instant Self‐Assembly of Functionalized MXenes in Organic Solvents: General Fabrication to High‐Performance Chemical Gas Sensors
Authors: Kim Soobin , Ko Tae Yun , Jena Ajit K. , Nissimagoudar Arun S. , Lee Juyun , Lee Seongeun , Oh Taegon , Kang Yun Chan , In Insik , Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Koo Chong Min , Lee Seung‐Cheol , Kim Seon Joon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMXenes are a promising class of two‐dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, widely utilized in diverse fields such as energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, electrocatalysis, and sensing applications. Their potential in chemical sensing is particularly noteworthy, where optimizing surface chemistry for strong interaction with target analytes and increasing surface area for efficient gas adsorption are crucial factors. In this study, a versatile and general self‐assembly method for fabricating nanometer‐scale thin films of surface‐functionalized MXene, enabling high‐performance gas sensors is developed. By dropping MXene dispersed in organic solvents onto nonsolvents, rapid formation of nanometer‐scale films is achieved. This method allows easy adjustment of film properties by using different solvent‐nonsolvent combinations, leading to improved optoelectronic properties compared to conventional techniques. The surface‐functionalized MXenes using ADOPA ligands greatly enhance the gas response and long‐term environmental stability compared to pristine MXenes. Computational methods are also employed to gain insights into the molecular interactions and changes in electronic structure that contribute to the enhanced sensing properties. Furthermore, the environmental stability of MXene sensors is largely enhanced after surface functionalization, which can be attributed to increased surface hydrophobicity. Overall, this innovative technique opens up opportunities for tailoring MXene thin films for specific applications.
Molecular Probe Embedded Porous Polymer Scaffold as Solid‐State Visual Sensor for Selective and Sequential Sensing of Ultra‐Trace Toxic Heavy Metal Ions in Environmental/Commercial Samples
Authors: Sivaraman Sushmitha P , Srinivasan Prabhakaran , Madhu Deepan Kumar , Chinaraga Pitchaiah K , Rao Brahmmananda C V S , Nagarajan Sivaraman , Deivasigamani Prabhakaran , Mohan Akhila Maheswari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe article reports on the tailor‐made solid‐state optical sensor through controlled imbuement of an amphiphilic probe onto a dual interwoven macro‐/meso‐porous polymer monolithic scaffold for the selective ocular sensing of ultra‐trace toxic heavy metal ions. The structural/surface morphology of the poly(LMC‐co‐TMP) monolith is customized through the stochiometric inclusion of lauryl methacrylate (LMC), trimethyl propanetrimethacrylate (TMP) and porogenic solvents. The riveting sensing performance of the poly(LMC‐co‐TMP) scaffolds for the target ions arises from the built‐in twofold intermingled porous architects that render voluminous surface area and porosity for the embedding of 2‐((1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐butan‐2‐yl)phenol (HBBP), a chromoionophoric probe. The sensor's unique structural and surface properties endure stable ion‐complexation through color transitions from yellow (blank) to a leafy green, peanut brown, and dark blue for Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+, respectively. The sensor imposes high binding affinity for the target ions, with a linear response range of 0–200 ppb for Pb2+/Hg2+ and 0–300 ppb for Cd2+. The detection limit values are 0.46, 0.52, and 0.41 ppb for Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+, respectively. The sensor's hassle‐free on‐field testing in environmental and synthetic samples reveals excellent data reproducibility (Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) ≤1.97%), with pH‐assisted reliable color transitions for eight regenerative trials, with a response time of 45 s.
Large Tolerance of Lasing Properties to Impurity Defects in GaAs(Sb)‐AlGaAs Core‐Shell Nanowire Lasers
Authors: Schreitmüller Tobias , Jeong Hyowon W. , Esmaielpour Hamidreza , Mead Christopher E. , Ramsteiner Manfred , Schmiedeke Paul , Thurn Andreas , Ajay Akhil , Matich Sonja , Döblinger Markus , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Finley Jonathan J. , Koblmüller Gregor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGaAs‐AlGaAs based nanowire (NW) lasers hold great potential for on‐chip photonic applications, where lasing metrics have steadily improved over the years by optimizing resonator design and surface passivation methods. The factor that will ultimately limit the performance will depend on material properties, such as native‐ or impurity‐induced point defects and their impact on non‐radiative recombination. Here, the role of impurity‐induced point defects on the lasing performance of low‐threshold GaAs(Sb)‐AlGaAs NW‐lasers is evaluated, particularly by exploring Si‐dopants and their associated vacancy complexes. Si‐induced point defects and their self‐compensating nature are identified using correlated atom probe tomography, resonant Raman scattering, and photoluminescence experiments. Under pulsed optical excitation the lasing threshold is remarkably low (<10 µJ cm−2) and insensitive to impurity defects over a wide range of Si doping densities, while excess doping ([Si]>1019 cm−3) imposes increased threshold at low temperature. These characteristics coincide with increased Shockley‐Read‐Hall recombination, reflected by shorter carrier lifetimes, and reduced internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) . Remarkably, despite the lower IQE the presence of self‐compensating Si‐vacancy defects provides an improved temperature stability in lasing threshold with higher characteristic temperature and room‐temperature lasing. These findings highlight an overall large tolerance of lasing metrics to impurity defects in GaAs‐AlGaAs based NW‐lasers.
A Lithium‐Salt‐Free, Hydrophobic, Solid‐State Poly(Ionic Liquid) Electrolyte Enables Rapid Assembly of Unencapsulated, Removable Electrochromic “Window Tint Film”
Authors: Wu Xilu , Bai Zhiyuan , Bao Bingwei , Zhang Qinghong , Jiang Weizhong , Li Yaogang , Hou Chengyi , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrochromic technology that enables modulation of a material's optical properties by application of an applied voltage is utilized in smart windows. However, avoiding water absorption by lithium salt in the electrolyte necessitates complex encapsulated device assemblies that must be constructed under strict atmosphere conditions and are largely unrepairable. Herein, a lithium‐salt‐free, hydrophobic, solid‐state poly(ionic liquid) electrolyte based on strong C─F bonds that exhibits low polarizability, low moisture absorption, and a wide electrochemical window, allowing the fabrication of unencapsulated electrochromic devices with outstanding long‐term cycling and environmental stability are presented. Intimate contact between the electrolyte and the electrode is achieved through integrated in situ polymerization, providing an interface with multiple molecular interactions that impart robust adhesion, efficient ion transport, and excellent stability. To demonstrate the potential of this electrolyte for cost‐effective electrochromic smart windows, low‐cost (≈110 USD m−2), unencapsulated, removable, electrochromic “window tint film” with customizable dimensions and shapes are fabricated.
Divalent Viologen Cation‐Based Ionogels Facilitate Reversible Intercalation of Anions in PProDOT‐Me2 for Flexible Electrochromic Displays
Authors: Bai Zhiyuan , Wu Xilu , Fang Rui , Lu Ziqiu , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electrochromic (EC) polymer poly (3,4‐(2,2‐dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProDOT‐Me2) is expected to be used in flexible e‐paper displays because of its great optical modulation ability and inherent flexibility. While the EC effect is primarily determined by the anions and cations in the electrolyte, yet suffers from inorganic salt based on monovalent Li+ cations and corresponding anions, such as lithium perchlorate(LiClO4), lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), and lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate (LiTRIF), which may impact the overall EC performance of the EC device caused by insufficient ion doping/de‐doping processes. Herein, the divalent viologen cation‐based ionogel (VGE) is developed to tackle the challenge. Owing to its more anions design, the doping/de‐doping process in the PProDOT‐Me2 is more sufficient, thereby enhancing the optical modulation range (ΔR = 39.4%) of PProDOT‐Me2, compared to monovalent Li+ cation‐based ionogel (ΔR = 13.3%). Meanwhile, the VGE has good interface contact with PProDOT‐Me2 and the flexible electrode, which makes the VGE‐based EC device (V‐ECD) exhibit commendable mechanical stability. To demonstrate the potential application in flexible e‐paper displays, the simple eight‐digit EC display device is assembled from seven V‐ECDs, each of which hasa high switching speed, robust cycling stability, and low operating energy consumption.
Chemically Tailored Single Atoms for Targeted and Light‐Controlled Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Li Zaoming , Zhao Zhiqiang , Chen Shutong , Wu Wenjie , Jin Ying , Mao Junjie , Lin Yuqing , Jiang Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom (SA) nanoparticles exhibit considerable potential in terms of photothermal properties for bactericidal applications. Nevertheless, the restricted efficacy of their targeted and controlled antibacterial activity has hindered their practical implementation. This study aims to overcome this obstacle by employing chemical modifications to tailor SAs, thereby achieving targeted and light‐controlled antimicrobial effects. By conducting atomic‐level modifications on palladium SAs using glutathione (GSH) and mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA), their superior targeted binding capabilities toward Escherichia coli cells are demonstrated, surpassing those of SAs modified with cysteine (Cys). Moreover, these modified SAs effectively inhibit wound bacteria proliferation and promote wound healing in rats, without inducing noticeable toxicity to major organs under 808 nm laser irradiation. This study highlights the significance of chemical engineering in tailoring the antibacterial properties of SA nanoparticles, opening avenues for combating bacterial infections and advancing nanoparticle‐based therapies.
Optimal Irreversible Electroporation Combined with Nano‐Enabled Immunomodulatory to Boost Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Peng Wencheng , Cao Yanbing , Zhang Yuting , Zhong Aoxue , Zhang Cao , Wei Zuwu , Liu Xiaolong , Dong Shoulong , Wu Jingcheng , Xue Yanan , Wu Ming , Yao Chenguo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, we proposed nµPEF, a novel pulse configuration combining nanosecond and microsecond pulses (nµPEF), to enhance tumor ablation in irreversible electroporation (IRE) for oncological therapy. nµPEF demonstrated improved efficacy in inducing immunogenic cell death, positioning it as a potential candidate for next‐generation ablative therapy. However, the immune response elicited by nµPEF alone was insufficient to effectively suppress distant tumors. To address this limitation, we developed PPR@CM‐PD1, a genetically engineered nanovesicle. PPR@CM‐PD1 employed a polyethylene glycol‐polylactic acid‐glycolic acid (PEG‐PLGA) nanoparticle encapsulating the immune adjuvant imiquimod and coated with a genetically engineered cell membrane expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). This design allowed PPR@CM‐PD1 to target both the innate immune system through toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonism and the adaptive immune system through programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) checkpoint blockade. In turn, nµPEF facilitated intratumoral infiltration of PPR@CM‐PD1 by modulating the tumor stroma. The combination of nµPEF and PPR@CM‐PD1 generated a potent and systemic antitumor immune response, resulting in remarkable suppression of both nµPEF‐treated and untreated distant tumors (abscopal effects). This interdisciplinary approach presents a promising perspective for oncotherapy and holds great potential for future clinical applications.
Multiscale Heterogeneous Polymer Composites for High Stiffness 4D Printed Electrically Controllable Multifunctional Structures
Authors: Morales Ferrer Javier M. , Sánchez Cruz Ramón E. , Caplan Sophie , van Rees Wim M. , Boley J. William 
Published: December 2023

Abstract4D printing is an emerging field where 3D printing techniques are used to pattern stimuli‐responsive materials to create morphing structures, with time serving as the fourth dimension. However, current materials utilized for 4D printing are typically soft, exhibiting an elastic modulus (E) range of 10−4 to 10 MPa during shape change. This restricts the scalability, actuation stress, and load‐bearing capabilities of the resulting structures. To overcome these limitations, multiscale heterogeneous polymer composites are introduced as a novel category of stiff, thermally responsive 4D printed materials. These inks exhibit an E that is four orders of magnitude greater than that of existing 4D printed materials and offer tunable electrical conductivities for simultaneous Joule heating actuation and self‐sensing capabilities. Utilizing electrically controllable bilayers as building blocks, a flat geometry that morphs into a 3D self‐standing lifting robot is designed and printed, setting new records for weight‐normalized load lifted and actuation stress when compared to other 3D printed actuators. Furthermore, this ink palette is employed to create and print planar lattice structures that transform into various self‐supporting complex 3D shapes. Finally these inks are integrated into a 4D printed electrically controlled multigait crawling robotic lattice structure that can carry 144 times its own weight.