bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hyaluronidase-Mediated Degradation Kinetics of Commercially Available Hyaluronic Acid Fillers In Vitro
Authors: Faivre Jimmy , Wu Kevin , Gallet Mélanie , Sparrow Julia , Bourdon François , Gallagher Conor J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The ability to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA)-based fillers with hyaluronidase allows for better management of adverse effects and reversal of suboptimal treatment outcomes.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the enzymatic degradation kinetics of 16 commercially available HA-based fillers, representing 6 manufacturing technologies.

Methods
In this nonclinical study, a recently developed in vitro multidose hyaluronidase administration protocol was used to induce degradation of HA-based fillers, enabling real-time evaluation of viscoelastic properties under near-static conditions. Each filler was exposed to repeated doses of hyaluronidase at intervals of 5 minutes to reach the degradation threshold of G' ≤ 30 Pa.

Results
Noticeable differences in degradation characteristics were observed based on the design and technology of different filler classes. Vycross fillers were the most difficult to degrade and the Cohesive Polydensified Matrix filler was the least difficult to degrade. Preserved Network Technology products demonstrated proportional increases in gel degradation time and enzyme volume required for degradation across the individual resilient hyaluronic acid (RHA) products and indication categories. No obvious relationship was observed between gel degradation characteristics and the individual parameters of HA concentration, HA chain length, or the degree of modification of each filler when analyzed separately; however, a general correlation was identified with certain physicochemical properties.

Conclusions
Manufacturing technology was the most important factor influencing the reversibility of an HA product. An understanding of the differential degradation profiles of commercially available fillers will allow clinicians to select products that offer a higher margin of safety due to their preferential reversibility.

Level of Evidence: 4
Long-term detection of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on winter wheat and spring barley roots under field conditions revealed positive correlations on yield parameters with the bacterium abundance
Authors: Quiroga Santiago , Rosado-Porto David , Ratering Stefan , Rekowski Azin , Schulz Franz , Krutych Marina , Zörb Christian , Schnell Sylvia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Monitoring of bioinoculants once released into the field remains largely unexplored; thus, more information is required about their survival and interactions after root colonization. Therefore, specific primers were used to perform a long-term tracking to elucidate the effect of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus on wheat and barley production at two experimental organic agriculture field stations. Three factors were evaluated: organic fertilizer application (with and without), row spacing (15 and 50 cm), and bacterial inoculation (H. diazotrophicus and control without bacteria). Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the roots (up to 5 × 105 copies g−1 dry weight) until advanced developmental stages under field conditions during two seasons, and mostly in one farm. Correlation analysis showed a significant effect of H. diazotrophicus copy numbers on the yield parameters straw yield (increase of 453 kg ha−1 in wheat compared to the mean) and crude grain protein concentration (increase of 0.30% in wheat and 0.80% in barley compared to the mean). Our findings showed an apparently constant presence of H. diazotrophicus on both wheat and barley roots until 273 and 119 days after seeding, respectively, and its addition and concentration in the roots are associated with higher yields in one crop.
Total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis associated with abnormal patellar tendon deformity: a case report
Authors: Miyamoto Satoshi , Sasaki Shin , Kojin Hiroyuki , Okazaki Ken 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There have been no earlier reports of knee osteoarthritis with valgus knee deformity in which the patellar tendon infiltrates the tibial bone marrow instead of attaching to the tibial tubercle. This case report describes a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed for the treatment of a primary knee osteoarthritis resulting from a valgus knee joint position attributed to an abnormality of the patellar ligament attachment. During a TKA, the tendon tissue in the tibial medullary canal interfered with the reamer used to prepare for the stem extensions needed to improve the fixation of the component on the tibia, which had a cortical defect. The arthroplasty succeeded, and good clinical results have been maintained over the 3 years since the surgery. Surgeons should consider careful preoperative examinations by magnetic resonance imaging or CT when an abnormal bone defect is observed at the tibial tubercle on plain X-ray images.
PCSK9 dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in olanzapine‐induced hepatic steatosis via both receptor‐dependent and receptor‐independent pathways
Authors: Huang Piaopiao , Ran Juanli , Zhu Wenqiang , Dai Wen , Tang Yaxin , Lian Pingan , Huang Xiansheng , Li Rong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is often treated with olanzapine. Despite its efficacy, olanzapine's prolonged use has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis via an unknown mechanism. This study aims to investigate the role of PCSK9 in olanzapine‐induced NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice and HepG2 and AML12 cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of olanzapine to examine the effects of olanzapine on PCSK9 and lipid metabolism. PCSK9 levels were manipulated using recombinant proteins, plasmids, and small interfering RNAs in vitro, and the effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to lipid metabolism were assessed. Olanzapine treatment significantly increased PCSK9 levels in both animal and cell line models, correlating with elevated lipid accumulation. PCSK9 manipulation demonstrated its central role in mediating hepatic steatosis through both receptor‐dependent pathways (impacting NPC1L1) and receptor‐independent pathways (affecting lipid synthesis, uptake, and cholesterol biosynthesis). Interestingly, upregulation of SREBP‐1c, rather than SREBP‐2, was identified as a key driver of PCSK9 increase in olanzapine‐induced NAFLD. Our findings establish PCSK9 as a pivotal factor in olanzapine‐induced NAFLD, influencing both receptor‐related and metabolic pathways. This highlights PCSK9 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for managing NAFLD in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine.
Immune cell‐intrinsic Ah receptor facilitates the expression of antimicrobial REG3G in the small intestine
Authors: Chakraborty Debopriya , Coslo Denise M. , Murray Iain A. , Vijay Anitha , Patterson Andrew D. , Perdew Gary H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe intestinal epithelial layer is susceptible to damage by chemical, physiological and mechanical stress. While it is essential to maintain the integrity of epithelium, the biochemical pathways that contribute to the barrier function have not been completely investigated. Here we demonstrate an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)‐dependent mechanism facilitating the production of the antimicrobial peptide AMP regenerating islet‐derived protein 3 gamma (REG3G), which is essential for intestinal homeostasis. Genetic ablation of AHR in mice impairs pSTAT3‐mediated REG3G expression and increases bacterial numbers of Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) and Akkermansia muciniphila in the small intestine. Studies with tissue‐specific conditional knockout mice revealed that the presence of AHR in the epithelial cells of the small intestine is not required for the production of REG3G through the phosphorylated STAT3‐mediated pathway. However, immune‐cell‐specific AHR activity is necessary for normal expression of REG3G in all regions of the small intestine. A diet rich in broccoli, capable of inducing AHR activity, increases REG3G production when compared to a semi‐purified diet that is devoid of ligands that can potentially activate the AHR, thus highlighting the importance of AHR in antimicrobial function. Overall, these data suggest that homeostatic antimicrobial REG3G production is increased by an AHR pathway intrinsic to the immune cells in the small intestine.
Update on occupational allergy, including asthma, to soluble platinum salts
Authors: Heederik Dick , van Rooy Frits 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to evaluate recent literature on occupational platinum salt exposure and allergy and asthma in the context of existing evidence.

Recent findings
A major recent development is that large quantitative platinum salt exposure datasets have become available and are finding applications in epidemiological studies. These exposure data are expected to lead to higher quality epidemiological studies focusing on exposure response relations, modifiers of exposure and sensitization risk. The exposure data might also improve medical referral advice as part of medical surveillance studies and contribute to improved evidence on the effectiveness of exposure referral.

Summary
Hopefully, the availability of exposure databases form a stimulus for more exposure response studies and risk assessments leading to science based primary prevention approaches. The availability of more detailed exposure data can guide job transfer decisions in occupational clinical practice.
Fixation of Long Oblique and Spiral Metacarpal Shaft Fractures With Intramedullary Screw and Cerclage Wires
Authors: Smith Shelby R. , Sabet Andre , Luthringer Tyler , Simcock Xavier , Fernandez John J. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Long oblique and spiral metacarpal shaft fractures are length-unstable fracture patterns susceptible to malrotation and shortening. We expand the use of intramedullary screw fixation for traditional length-unstable fracture patterns including long oblique and spiral with cerclage wire augmentation.

Materials and Methods:
Surgical technique of intramedullary screws for long oblique and spiral metacarpal shaft fractures, augmented with cerclage wires, is described. Case series of patients who underwent this technique over a 3-year period from 2 surgeons at a single institution were evaluated. The inclusion criteria included patients who underwent this technique with long oblique or spiral metacarpal shaft fractures. The exclusion criteria included open injuries, and base or neck fractures.

Results:
A total of 8 patients were included with an average age at surgery 42 years old (range, 25 to 70). Six of the 8 patients achieved full range of motion at the time of final follow-up. One patient had ~5 to 10-degree deficit in both flexion and extension, and the other had 20-degree loss in both flexion and extension. The follow-up averaged 62 days (range, 25 to 144 days). There were no patients with nonunion, malunion, hardware failure, or postoperative fracture subsidence or malrotation. The average time to union was 6.1 weeks (range, 3.5 to 12.4 wks).

Conclusions:
This hybrid technique expands the use of intramedullary screws to traditional length-unstable fractures including long oblique and spiral patterns. Patients demonstrate return to full range of motion, union approximately in 6 weeks, with minimal complications following this minimally invasive technique.
Clinical Picture and Risk Factors for Poor Outcome in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis of Childhood on Three Continents
Authors: Mbakwe Pinja-Liisa , Roine Irmeli , Cruzeiro Manuel Leite , Kallio Markku , Peltola Heikki , Pelkonen Tuula 
Published: February 2024

Background:

Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis (SpM) remains a major health burden worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying the patients at highest risk for mortality and disabling sequelae may reveal potentially avoidable predisposing factors and identify patients most in need of intensive care. We searched for factors that do not require laboratory facilities.

Methods:
This study was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 5 clinical trials of childhood bacterial meningitis on 3 continents between 1984 and 2017. SpM cases were analyzed by study site and predictors for poor outcome (death or severe sequelae) were identified from the whole series, Latin America and Angola.

Results:
Among a total of 1575 children (age range: 2 months to 15 years), 505 cases were due to pneumococci. Compared to other etiologies, SpM doubled the death rate (33% vs. 17%) and tripled poor outcome (15% vs. 6%). In SpM, Glasgow Coma Score <13 [odds ratio (OR): 4.73] and previous antibiotics in Angola (OR: 1.70) were independent predictors for death. Predictors for poor outcome were age <1 year (OR: 2.41) and Glasgow Coma Score <13 (OR: 6.39) in the whole series, seizures in Latin America (OR: 3.98) and previous antibiotics in Angola (OR: 1.91). Angolan children had a 17-fold increased risk for poor outcome when compared with Finnish children (P = 0.011).

Conclusions:
Our study proved the severity of SpM when compared with other etiologies. The outcome was especially poor in Angola. Most patients at risk for poor outcome are easily identified by clinical factors on admission.
Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin in a Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Population
Authors: King Madeleine A. , Cross Shane J. , Morton Theodore H. , Hijano Diego R. , Greene William L. , Sun Yilun , Tang Li , Pauley Jennifer L. , Bourque Melissa S. , Christensen Anthony M. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Continuous infusion vancomycin (CIV) may benefit children who are unable to achieve therapeutic concentrations with intermittent vancomycin dosing and may facilitate outpatient administration by alleviating the burden of frequent dosing intervals. Previous studies have used variable dosing regimens and steady-state concentration goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total daily dose (TDD) of CIV required to achieve therapeutic steady-state concentrations of 15–25 µg/mL in pediatric hematology/oncology patients.

Methods:
A single-center retrospective study was performed for patients treated with CIV from January 2017 to June 2019. The primary outcome was the TDD required to achieve therapeutic steady-state concentrations on CIV. Secondary outcomes included time to reach therapeutic steady-state concentrations, CIV indications and adverse events associated with CIV.

Results:
Data were collected for 71 courses of CIV in 60 patients. Median patient age was 4 years (range: 0.4–20 years). The median TDD required to achieve initial therapeutic concentrations was 50.3 mg/kg/d (interquartile range: 38.8–59.2) and was further divided into age-based cohorts. TDD in mg/kg was significantly lower in the older cohort (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between age-based cohorts with TDD in mg/m2 (P = 0.97). Median time to achieve first therapeutic concentration was 19.3 hours (range: 8.6–72.3 hours). The most common indication for CIV was ease of outpatient administration (69.0%). Acute kidney injury incidence was minimal (4.2%).

Conclusions:
CIV is associated with rapid attainment of target concentrations in pediatric hematology/oncology patients and is safe and well tolerated.
Pulmonary Thrombotic Complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Chinese Children: Clinical Feature and Risk Factor Analysis
Authors: Yu Yanjuan , Jin Xiuhong , Zhang Xiangfeng , Shen Yuelin 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Thrombotic disease is a rare but severe complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, with pulmonary thrombosis (PT) being the most frequent type. This study aims to describe the clinical features of pediatric severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) patients with PT, and to identify risk factors predictive of PT development in this population.

Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled 60 children with SMPP complicated by PT who were admitted to Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to October 2023. We reviewed their demographic data, laboratory tests and imaging examinations to describe their clinical features. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify significant risk factors for PT in SMPP.

Results:
The PT group exhibited higher incidences of chest pain, hemoptysis, inflammation and elevated D-dimer levels, as well as more severe pulmonary damage and transaminitis complication, compared to the non-PT group. The left pulmonary artery was the predominant location of PT in SMPP children. A multivariate analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were significant predictors of PT in SMPP patients, with odds ratios of 1.10 and 3.37, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of CRP and D-dimer for predicting PT in SMPP were 76.73 mg/L and 3.98 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:
In SMPP, CRP >76.73 mg/L and D-dimer >3.98 µg/mL are independent predictors of PT. These findings suggest that SMPP-induced excessive inflammation may contribute to PT pathogenesis. Early and intensive anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antimycoplasma therapy may improve the disease course and prognosis.
Causal associations of central and peripheral risk factors with knee osteoarthritis: a longitudinal and Mendelian Randomisation study using UK Biobank data
Authors: Thompson William David , Swain Subhashisa , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Coupland Carol , Kuo Changfu , Doherty Michael , Zhang Weiya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Our aim was to investigate relative contributions of central and peripheral mechanisms to knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis and their independent causal association with knee OA. We performed longitudinal analysis using data from UK-Biobank participants. Knee OA was defined using International Classification of Diseases manual 10 codes from participants' hospital records. Central mechanisms were proxied using multisite chronic pain (MCP) and peripheral mechanisms using body mass index (BMI). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated, and proportional risk contribution (PRC) was estimated from receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) analysis. To estimate the causal effects, we performed 2-sample multivariable Mendelian Randomisation (MR) analysis. We selected genetic instruments from the largest Genome Wide Association Study of BMI (N = 806,834) and MCP (N = 387,649) and estimated the instruments genetic associations with knee OA in the largest available dataset (62,497 cases and 333,557 control subjects). The multivariable MR was performed using modified inverse-variance weighting methods. Of the 203,410 participants, 6% developed knee OA. Both MCP (OR 1.23, 95% CI; 1.21-1.24) and BMI (1.10, 95% CI; 1.10-1.11) were associated with knee OA diagnosis. The PRC was 6.9% (95% CI; 6.7%-7.1%) for MCP and 21.9% (95% CI; 21.4%-22.5%) for BMI; the combined PRC was 38.8% (95% CI; 37.9%-39.8%). Body mass index and MCP had independent causal effects on knee OA (OR 1.76 [95% CI, 1.64-1.88] and 1.83 [95% CI, 1.54-2.16] per unit change, respectively). In conclusion, peripheral risk factors (eg, BMI) contribute more to the development of knee OA than central risk factors (eg, MCP). Peripheral and central factors are independently causal on knee OA.
Comparation of 5 ml and 10 ml Negative Pressures with Wet-suction Techniques for EUS-FNA of Solid Lesions
Authors: Zhu Yuchun , Su Yang , Yang Peng , Li Jiaojun , Yu Tai , Wang Yi , Zhou Xi , Zhao Ming , Sun Xiaobin , Shan Jing 
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives:
The negative pressure selectable for the wet-suction technique remains uncertain. The aim was to investigate the quality of sampling and diagnostic accuracy with solid lesions by 5 mL and 10 mL negative pressure with wet-suction techniques.

Methods:
This is a single-center, crossover, randomized controlled trial conducted with a random sampling technique. In all, 160 patients consecutively undergoing EUS-FNA for solid lesions were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups, the 5 mL and 10 mL negative pressure wet-suction group. The main outcome was to compare the sample quality between the 2 groups. The secondary outcome was to compare the histologic and cytologic diagnostic accuracy of solid lesions.

Results:
Pancreatic (n=129) and nonpancreatic (n=27) lesions from 156 lesions were examined. The sample quality concluding cellularity, adequacy, integrity, and blood contamination were comparable between the 2 groups. However, in subgroup analysis, we found 19G FNA provided more integrity of specimen in 5 mL than in 10 mL group (100% vs. 82.9%, P=0.025). In contrast, this benefit was not noteworthy in the 22G FNA subgroup. And there was no statistically significant in histologic (87.82% vs. 87.18%, P=1.000) and cytologic (78.85% vs. 80.77%, P=0.778) accuracy between 5 mL and 10 mL groups.

Conclusion:
When using the wet-suction technique, 5 mL and 10 mL negative pressure offer equivalent sample quality and diagnostic accuracy. However, the 19G FNA can obtain better sample quality with 5 mL negative pressure than 10 mL negative pressure.
How I Do It: Robotic Choledochoscopy
Authors: Acho Robert , Calzon Maysen , Docimo Salvatore 
Published: February 2024

Background:
As the use of the robotic platform increases among general surgeons, the amount of robotic cholecystectomies is expected to increase as well. The use of intraoperative cholangiography is valuable in assessing for choledocholithiasis. We describe our technique of performing robotic intraoperative cholangiograms with choledochoscopy. Out technique aids in efficiency since no undocking is required.

Methods:
Preoperatively, the decision to perform a cholangiogram is made based on physical exam, labs, and imaging findings. The procedure begins with obtaining a critical view of safety. The robotic arms are positioned in a manner that allows all 4 robotic arms to remain docked. A ductotomy is made and the cholangiocatheter is introduced. The cholangiogram images are then interpreted and if a stone is seen in the common bile duct we will then perform a transcystic common bile duct exploration using the SpyGlass Discover digital. A complete cholangiogram is then performed. The cystic duct is secured and the gallbladder is removed from the liver bed. The patients are watched overnight and discharged on postoperative day 1.

Conclusions:
A robotic approach to performing a transcystic common bile duct exploration is a safe and reproducible treatment method for choledocholithiasis. Our approach offers an advantage since no undocking is required.