bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple framework for maximizing camera trap detections using experimental trials
Authors: DeWitt Philip D. , Cocksedge Amy G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCamera trap data are biased when an animal passes through a camera’s field of view but is not recorded. Cameras that operate using passive infrared sensors rely on their ability to detect thermal energy from the surface of an object. Optimal camera deployment consequently depends on the relationship between a sensor array and an animal. Here, we describe a general, experimental approach to evaluate detection errors that arise from the interaction between cameras and animals. We adapted distance sampling models and estimated the combined effects of distance, camera model, lens height, and vertical angle on the probability of detecting three different body sizes representing mammals that inhabit temperate, boreal, and arctic ecosystems. Detection probabilities were best explained by a half-normal-logistic mixture and were influenced by all experimental covariates. Detection monotonically declined when proxies were ≥6 m from the camera; however, models show that body size and camera model mediated the effect of distance on detection. Although not a focus of our study, we found that unmodeled heterogeneity arising from solar position has the potential to bias inferences where animal movements vary over time. Understanding heterogeneous detection probabilities is valuable when designing and analyzing camera trap studies. We provide a general experimental and analytical framework that ecologists, citizen scientists, and others can use and adapt to optimize camera protocols for various wildlife species and communities. Applying our framework can help ecologists assess trade-offs that arise from interactions among distance, cameras, and body sizes before committing resources to field data collection.
Investment preference for either technical or operational energy efficiency measures to achieve sustainable maritime shipping
Authors: Longarela-Ares Ángeles , Calvo-Silvosa Anxo , Pérez-López José-Benito 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe reduction in energy consumption in shipping is a crucial issue to achieve a more sustainable sector. Nevertheless, investments in energy efficiency are inhibited by barriers. Consequently, under a Principal-Agent approach, this study aims to analyze the factors affecting the investment preference for either technical or operational measures. To date, the research problem has barely been addressed from a similar approach. This work further integrates agency theory with the identification of barriers and drivers, as well as the cost–benefit ratio from both an environmental and a financial perspective. This makes it possible to consider shipping management from a more comprehensive perspective. The study sample is current and representative (658 individual bulk carriers). The research was carried out utilizing two binominal logistic models that provide similar results when testing the proposed hypotheses. The outcomes show that regulatory factors, such as the distance of a vessel’s technical emissions from EEDI requirements (standardized coefficients: −2.8352 and −2.5069), and Principal-Agent problems, such as split incentives (standardized coefficients: −1.0059 and −0.9828), have the greatest influence on investment preferences. As a consequence of Principal-Agent problems, vessels operating under Time Charter contracts are less likely to invest in technical measures than in operational ones. Verified information and activity promote technical measures. Maritime regulation promotes technical measures in younger vessels, especially those meeting only the minimum requirements. Better knowledge can help achieve a more environmentally responsible shipping sector. The role of shipowners and charterers should be highlighted, and transparency should be promoted to enable well-informed decisions to be made.
Local delivery of doxorubicin prodrug via lipid nanocapsule–based hydrogel for the treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Mingchao , Bergès Raphaël , Malfanti Alessio , Préat Véronique , Bastiancich Chiara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) recurrences appear in most cases around the resection cavity borders and arise from residual GBM cells that cannot be removed by surgery. Here, we propose a novel treatment that combines the advantages of nanomedicine and local drug delivery to target these infiltrating GBM cells. We developed an injectable lipid nanocapsule (LNC)–based formulation loaded with lauroyl-doxorubicin prodrug (DOXC12). Firstly, we demonstrated the efficacy of intratumoral administration of DOXC12 in GL261 GBM-bearing mice, which extended mouse survival. Then, we formulated an injectable hydrogel by mixing the appropriate amount of prodrug with the lipophilic components of LNC. We optimized the hydrogel by incorporating cytidine-C16 (CytC16) to achieve a mechanical stiffness adapted for an application in the brain post-surgery (DOXC12-LNCCL). DOXC12-LNCCL exhibited high DOXC12 encapsulation efficiency (95%) and a size of approximately 60 nm with sustained drug release for over 1 month in vitro. DOXC12-LNCCL exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity compared to free DOXC12 (IC50 of 349 and 86 nM, respectively) on GL261 GBM cells and prevented the growth of GL261 spheroids cultured on organotypic brain slices. In vivo, post-surgical treatment with DOXC12-LNCCL significantly improved the survival of GL261-bearing mice. The combination of this local treatment with the systemic administration of anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen further delayed the onset of recurrences. In conclusion, our study presents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of GBM. By targeting residual GBM cells and reducing the inflammation post-surgery, we present a new strategy to delay the onset of recurrences in the gap period between surgery and standard of care therapy.
Graphical Abstract
Making AI’s Impact on Pathology Visible: Using Ethnographic Methods for Ethical and Epistemological Insights
Authors: Milota Megan M. , Drogt Jojanneke M. T. M. , Jongsma Karin R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe field of pathology is currently undergoing fundamental changes, including the transition from analog to digital workspaces and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into digital diagnostic workflows. Discussing the ethical implications of these changes is complicated by the fact that both laypersons and medical professionals know relatively little about the ways pathologists conduct their daily work. To reveal the largely ‘invisible’ daily practices of pathology departments and better understand the ongoing processes of innovation within the field, we employed a variety of ethnographic methods: interviews, participant observations, and ethnographic filming. Approaching AI in pathology through three different angles helped us to gain rich knowledge and meaningful insights about the ways AI should impact pathologists’ and lab technicians’ roles and responsibilities. In this article, we describe the benefits and downsides of our ‘slow approach’ to data collection and invite those working on similar topics involving the complex dynamics of digital transitions to reflect on whether such methods might also benefit their research.
Headteachers' understanding on STEAM-based integrated curriculum practice in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Kamal Prasad , Neupane NabaRaj 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the present status of integrated curriculum (grades 1–3) with experience to support transformative learning practice at the school level. The national and locally prepared curriculum to teach the integrated curriculum with transformative learning theory was reviewed in different contexts. This study followed a critical case study design under a qualitative, transformative, and participatory methodology. This study was conducted in the Gorkha district, selecting the three schools and head teachers. Themes were determined based on observation and interview data. The finding indicates that the revised STEAM-based integrated curriculum tried to provide holistic, transformative learning practice by enhancing students' knowledge, skills and entrepreneurship capacity to culturally diverse students. However, head teachers and other teachers could not successfully develop an enthusiasm for its perfect implication in the school education system. Concrete professional training could support the implication of a newly revised STEAM-based integrated curriculum.
AI-assisted modeling of capillary-driven droplet dynamics
Authors: Demou Andreas D. , Savva Nikos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present and assess data-driven approaches for modeling contact line dynamics, using droplet transport on chemically heterogeneous surfaces as a model system. Ground-truth data for training and validation are generated based on long-wave models that are applicable for slow droplet motion with small contact angles, which are known to accurately reproduce the dynamics with minimal computing resources compared to high-fidelity direct numerical simulations. The data-driven models are based on the Fourier neural operator (FNO) and are developed following two different approaches. The first deploys the data-driven method as an iterative neural network architecture, which predicts the future state of the contact line based on a number of previous states. The second approach corrects the time derivative of the contact line by augmenting its low-order asymptotic approximation with a data-driven counterpart, evolving the resulting system using standard time integration methods. The performance of each approach is evaluated in terms of accuracy and generalizability, concluding that the latter approach, although not originally explored within the original contribution on the FNO, outperforms the former.
Post-Lie algebras in Regularity Structures
Authors: Bruned Yvain , Katsetsiadis Foivos 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this work, we construct the deformed Butcher-Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra coming from the theory of Regularity Structures as the universal envelope of a post-Lie algebra. We show that this can be done using either of the two combinatorial structures that have been proposed in the context of singular SPDEs: decorated trees and multi-indices. Our construction is inspired from multi-indices where the Hopf algebra was obtained as the universal envelope of a Lie algebra, and it has been proved that one can find a basis that is symmetric with respect to certain elements. We show that this Lie algebra comes from an underlying post-Lie structure.
Torsion in the Classical Spacetime Context
Authors: Meskhidze Helen , Weatherall James Owen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTeleparallel gravity, an empirically equivalent counterpart to general relativity, represents the influence of gravity using torsional forces. It raises questions about theory interpretation and underdetermination. To better understand the torsional forces of teleparallel gravity, we consider a context in which forces are better understood: classical spacetimes. We propose a method of incorporating torsion into the classical spacetime context that yields a classical theory of gravity with a closed temporal metric and spacetime torsion. We then prove a result analogous to the Trautman degeometrization theorem: that every model of Newton–Cartan theory gives rise, non-uniquely, to a model of this theory.
Time-resolved concentrations of serum amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers during the postprandial and fasting state: the Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Young Adults (PoMet) Study
Authors: Anfinsen Åslaug Matre , Johannesen Christina Osland , Myklebust Vilde Haugen , Rosendahl-Riise Hanne , McCann Adrian , Nygård Ottar Kjell , Dierkes Jutta , Lysne Vegard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetabolomics has been utilised in epidemiological studies to investigate biomarkers of nutritional status and metabolism in relation to non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about the effect of prandial status on several biomarker concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this intervention study was to investigate the effect of a standardised breakfast meal followed by food abstinence for 24 h on serum concentrations of amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers. Thirty-four healthy subjects (eighteen males and sixteen females) aged 20–30 years were served a breakfast meal (∼500 kcal) after which they consumed only water for 24 h. Blood samples were drawn before and at thirteen standardised timepoints after the meal. Circulating concentrations of most amino acids and metabolites linked to one-carbon metabolism peaked within the first 3 h after the meal. The branched-chain amino acids steadily increased from 6 or 8 hours after the meal, while proline decreased in the same period. Homocysteine and cysteine concentrations immediately decreased after the meal but steadily increased from 3 and 4 hours until 24 h. FMN and riboflavin fluctuated immediately after the meal but increased from 6 h, while folate increased immediately after the meal and remained elevated during the 24 h. Our findings indicate that accurate reporting of time since last meal is crucial when investigating concentrations of certain amino acids and one-carbon metabolites. Our results suggest a need for caution when interpretating studies, which utilise such biomarkers, but do not strictly control for time since the last meal.
Phosphorous concentration in iron-rich rocks of the Chilpi Group, Bastar Craton, India: implications on late Palaeoproterozoic seawater palaeo-productivity
Authors: Mishra Prasanta Kumar , Mohanty Sarada Prasad , Mohanty Debadutta , Mukherjee Mrinal Kanti 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe concentration of the bio-limiting nutrient element, phosphorus (P), in seawater is important for primary marine productivity and the evolution of life on geological time scales. The molar percentage of P/Fe in banded iron formations (BIF) and iron oxide-rich chemical sediments is a good proxy for the first-order approximation of seawater P concentration. Bio-available concentration of phosphorus in Precambrian, especially during the late Palaeoproterozoic Era (2.0–1.8 Ga), is poorly constrained. We evaluated the P/Fe ratios of iron-rich rocks from the late Palaeoproterozoic Chilpi Group, Bastar Craton, Central India. The bulk rock molar percentage of P/Fe ratios of the Chilpi rocks vary between 0.11 and 1.17 (average 0.51 ± 0.3), and the average of EPMA spot analysis P/Fe molar ratio is 0.32 ± 0.4; both have values similar to Archaean BIFs of the world. The observed low molar ratio is not an artefact of contamination from terrestrial sources, diagenetic alterations or high-temperature hydrothermal inputs; it indicates the deposition from phosphorus-lean seawater. The modelled P/Fe molar ratio in the Chilpi Group suggests that the concentration of phosphorus in the shallow marine environment was less than 0.12 μM. The low level of phosphorus concentration in seawater during the late Palaeoproterozoic Era is interpreted to be a consequence of the low primary production during a period of low atmospheric oxygen content, which might have impeded the evolution of eukaryotes.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW FORMED WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Bjorge Eirik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the work of the International Law Commission (ILC) on ‘the general principles of law’ in Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, one question has given rise to an inordinate amount of controversy: does this category of principles include principles formed within the international legal system or does it embrace only principles derived from national legal systems? In the draft conclusions adopted on first reading in 2023, the ILC accepts the existence of general principles of law formed within the international legal system, but only in a very narrow manner. Prominent commentators have argued that such a narrow approach is correct. It has been contended, furthermore, that the category of general principles of law formed within the international legal system is an innovation of the ILC's, and one that lacks any real support in State practice. These views are based on assumptions to the effect that the traditional view concerning the meaning of Article 38(1)(c) was that it referred only to general principles of law derived from national legal systems. The present article takes issue with these assumptions. It seeks to prove, by an analysis of the position in 1920 when the Statute was drafted, of the practice of States, both before and after 1920, and the writings of leading commentators, that general principles of law formed within the international legal system are no less part of ‘general principles of law’ than general principles of law derived from national legal systems.
The therapeutic effect of Mongolian medicine based on Qiwei Guangzao pill on depression
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Du Lan , Anggelima  , Ling Ling , Tong Shan , Wang Huan 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe fast pace of modern life and work competition has led to an increase in the incidence rate of depression year by year. In recent years, Mongolian medicine has achieved good results in the treatment of depression. Research on the production of Mongolian medicine group based on Qiwei Guangzao pill to explore its therapeutic effect on moderate depression.Subjects and MethodsThe study selected 70 patients with moderate depression and randomly divided them into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received Mongolian medicine based on Qiwei Guangzao pills in the morning, middle, and evening, supplemented by droperidol and melitracen tablets; The control group only received oral administration of flupentixol and melitracin tablets. The treatment course was 4 weeks, and the patient’s status was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score. SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained.ResultsCompared to the control group, the rehabilitation rate of patients in the experimental group was 14.3%, and the proportion of patients with significant treatment effects was 45.8%. The total effective rate was about 91.4%, indicating that the improvement of HAMD scores in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group.ConclusionsThe experimental results show that the Mongolian medicine group based on Qiwei Guangzao pill has a significant therapeutic effect on moderate depression, and can effectively improve patients’ sleep status and gastrointestinal symptoms.AcknowledgementThe National Natural Science Foundation of China, Correlational study on Lianqiao-4 and intestinal flora in the treatment of liver injury by the theory of “ essence and dross decomposition” (Grant No. 82060910); The National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China, Study on genomics and proteomics mechanism of Lianqiao-4 against liver injury based on the theory of “ essence and dross decomposition “ in Mongolian Medicine (Grant No. 81760765); The central government supported cross-disciplinary projects with special funds for local construction (No. JCHXKXM001).
The role of education models under the red sports culture in attention deficit disorder students
Authors: Su Nan 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAlthough physical education is considered to be beneficial for attention deficit disorder students in general, the therapeutic role of physical education models based on red sports culture optimization for this group has not been extensively studied. Therefore, it is important to further explore the physical education model optimized by red sports culture for the therapeutic effect of students with attention deficit disorder.Subjects and MethodsThe study first let a proportion of participants receive the physical education model intervention under red sports culture optimization. The intervention includes the following aspects, individualized exercise program selection, individual guidance and coaching, focus training, emotion regulation skills, etc. The intervention can be conducted through classroom teaching, group activities, individual instruction, and other forms. Control participants received the traditional physical education mode, and the data were analyzed using 3D-CAM during the experiment.ResultsThe analysis found that the participants had different degrees of improvement in their attentional control, motor coordination and emotional regulation after receiving the physical education model intervention under the red sports culture optimization. Meanwhile, the results showed that 84.3% of attention deficit disorder students improved their social skills.ConclusionsThis study provides guidance and reference for improving and optimizing the physical education model to better meet the needs of students with attention deficit disorder. The findings will provide practical application value to educators, medical professionals and parents to help them better support and promote the development and adaptability of students with attention deficit disorderAcknowledgementThe scientific research fund of Inner Mongolia University for nationalities, No. NMDYB20013.
Automatic Stabilisation of Helicopters
Authors: Sissingh G J 
Published: October 2023

Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen,It is a pleasure to introduce our lecturer this afternoon Although as a fellow-member he has remained modestly in the background until now, DR SISSINGH is known internationally as a leading aerodynamicist in the rotary-wing fieldPerhaps his first notable contribution was a paper published in “Luftfahrtforschung” exactly 10 years ago, this was later translated into English and became an N A C A Technical Memorandum In his calculations DR SISSINGH was not content with a rough estimate of the average values of drag coefficient and induced velocity but took into account their distribution along the blade This unwillingness to make empirical assumptions merely for the sake of mathematical simplicity is typical of his subsequent workFor a number of years DR SISSINGH has devoted his attention to helicopter stability and has written extensively on this important problem His investigations were conducted first at the Flettner Company near Berlin, then at the well-known Kaiser Wilhelm Institut at Gottingen, and recently at the Royal Aircraft Establishment
Rotor Stations—Public User View
Authors: Primrose W H 
Published: October 2023

May I congratulate Mr WHITBY on his excellent and lucid paper It has filled me with interest and admiration Interest, because the subject is one in which for some time past I have tried, by preaching and propaganda, to interest others Admiration, because, judging by my own reaction, he seems likely to succeed where I have failedFrom this well deserved tribute to the lecturer I do not wish it to be inferred that I agree with all he has said on the subjectHe has stated at the outset that the “public user” and other aspects are left by him to be dealt with by other speakers—in the case of the “public user” this is my unfortunate self But he nevertheless goes on, in the latter part of his paper under the heading of “Traffic requirements for booking and handling passengers,” to state what the passenger or public user must do to satisfy the operator
Jet-Propelled Rotor-Blade Construction
Authors: Hodgess F L 
Published: October 2023

In presenting this paper an attempt has been made to outline some of the additional problems which are connected with the design and construction of rotor blades driven by jets at the tipsThe complications which arise when ram or pulse jets are fitted are not discussed in detail as it is considered that these problems are also included among those which occur when pressure jets are used as the means of propulsionThis short paper will therefore be confined to a discussion on the engineering of rotor blades driven by pressure jets at the tips