bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the association between depression and diabetes among type 1 and type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study in Gujarat, India
Authors: Murugan Yogesh , Trivedi Nidhi , Shah Viral , Jain Priyadarshini 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Depression and anxiety are common among patients with diabetes mellitus and it affects the control of diabetes negatively. Depression is the third leading reason for the most disability-adjusted life years. Once depression coexists with diabetes mellitus, it is related to major health consequences and ends up in poor health outcomes.

Aim:
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression in diabetes mellitus people and to find an association of depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and clinical predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending follow-ups at the general public hospital, in western Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:
It is an institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted among people living with diabetes mellitus at Tertiary Hospitals, Urban Health Training Center, and Rural Health Training Center. The study period was from January 2023 to May 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. The collected data were cleaned, edited, entered into MS Excel (2006), and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 380 study participants were included in this study. Among 380 participants, 282 (74%) were having depressive symptoms. Of 282, 61 (21.6%) have mild depressive symptoms, 106 (37.5%) have moderate symptoms, 111 (39%) have moderately severe symptoms, and four (1.4%) have severe symptoms. Of 380 participants, 221 (58%) have clinical depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe symptoms). Variables significantly associated with depression were marital status, number of family members, socio-economic status, type of diabetes mellitus, treatment given, presence of comorbidities, and duration of diabetes more than 5 years.

Conclusion:
The present study has shown a considerably higher amount of depression in diabetic participants. So, healthcare professionals should consider screening for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 or other validated tools in all diabetic patients, especially in those who are at a higher risk.
Chapter 9: Management of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Deshmukh Anuja Dhananjay , Thomas Anand Ebin , Abraham Deepak Thomas 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a thyroid cancer. Compared to differentiated thyroid cancer, MTC differs in its management and prognosis. Appropriate management of this cancer is essential to achieve better disease outcomes. In this article, the Indian Society of Thyroid Surgeons guidelines panel members conferred and developed a consensus on various clinical questions and recommendations for optimal workup, treatment, and follow-up. Surgery is the mainstay treatment option in curative and even palliative settings. Newer systemic treatments and prophylactic surgeries hold promise for the future.
Chapter 11: Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Satapathy Swayamjeet , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The document discusses pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), focusing on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which is increasingly prevalent globally, including in India. Despite a more aggressive initial presentation in children, the long-term prognosis is generally positive. Key differences between pediatric and adult DTC are highlighted, such as a higher risk of malignancy in children with thyroid nodules and common RET/PTC gene rearrangements. There is a debate on the age cutoff for defining pediatric DTC, but the document suggests that 18 years is considered appropriate in the Indian context. Diagnostic methods, including ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), are emphasized. The importance of genomic analysis for indeterminate cytology is also proposed. Treatment approaches involve total thyroidectomy due to higher multifocality in children, with consideration of potential complications. Post-operative risk stratification, utilizing the TNM staging system, is seen as crucial and correlates with disease-free survival. Post-operative staging includes TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (ATg) levels, along with a diagnostic whole-body 131I scan to assess surgical completeness. Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is recommended for iodine-avid persistent/metastatic disease, with an empirical activity of 30 mCi for remnant ablation and adjustments based on age or weight. Regular follow-ups include monitoring TSH-suppressed Tg, Anti-Tg levels, and neck ultrasound. Dynamic risk stratification at 2 years refines risk based on treatment responses. Genetic considerations reveal prevalent RET fusion oncogene and less common BRAF mutations, which are associated with RAI refractoriness. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive understanding of pediatric DTC, emphasizing the need for tailored guidelines in the Indian context. It covers various aspects of diagnosis, surgery, and post-operative care, with a focus on age-appropriate management and ongoing research in this specialized field.
Chapter 7: Radioactive Iodine Treatment in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Agrawal Archi , Dhar Harsh 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Radioactive iodine (RAI) has been used in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) since many decades. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that RAI may be avoided in low-risk group and is recommended in intermediate and high risk categories of DTC. This article incorporates literature review followed by a consensus of experts to conclude the role of RAI in DTC. The goals of RAI treatment, patient preparation, selection, and doses of RAI treatment in various risk categories are discussed. The follow-up after RAI treatment, side effects, and contraindications to RAI treatment are explained.
Chapter 3: Extent of Thyroidectomy
Authors: Gupta Neeti Kapre , Thankappan Krishnakumar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Extent of thyroidectomy is one of the most contentious issues in the management of differentiated thyroid cancers as surgical resection has definite implications on outcomes, complications, and adjuvant treatment and surveillance options. While there is reasonable clarity on either end of the spectrum, defining optimum surgery for intermediate thyroid cancers is crucial. This chapter has been compiled after reviewing relevant literature and aims to present an unbiased view on the topic. Authors have attempted to present practice recommendations on adequate surgery for primary thyroid cancer. These consensus guidelines have then been thoroughly reviewed by a task force. Thyroid being a favorable biological disease, conservative surgical techniques should be implemented to prevent avoidable morbidity. Precision surgery is important. Appropriate patient selection and personalized medicine-based decision-making are key.
Assessment of the condylar response of two differently anchored fixed functional appliances in class II malocclusion in young adult orthodontic patients: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abo-Elmahasen Mahmoud M. Fathy , Elsaharty Mohamed , Abotaha Neven Fakhry , Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Salam 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE:
Measuring the condylar volume changes after treatment with skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance vs. Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) in class II malocclusion in young adult patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Twenty class II malocclusion participants were randomly involved in our randomized clinical study. They are divided equally into two groups: group I (10 patients with an age range of 16 to 18 years and a mean age of (17.15 ± 0.62) (five males and five females) with a mean Angle formed between (A) point and (Nasion) point and (B) point, to determine anteroposterior relation between maxilla and mandible (ANB) of 6.20 (1.03) and a mean mandibular length of 106.1 (1.7), who were treated by a skeletally anchored type IV Herbst appliance, supported at the mandible by two mini-plates fixed bilaterally at the mandibular symphysis; group II (10 patients with an age range of 15 to 18 years and a mean age of (16.85 ± 0.33) (six males and four females) with a mean ANB of 6.80 (0.89) and a mean mandibular length of 107.3 (2.36), who were treated by a TFBC that was installed just mesial to the tube of the maxillary first permanent molar and distal to the bracket of the lower canine for 4 months. According to the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN) index, the participants in both groups have grade 4 (great need for treatment) as they have excessive overjet (6–9 mm). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken just before installing fixed functional appliances and after the removal. The condylar volume was measured using Dolphin software. Parametric measurements were performed by the independent t-test, while non-parametric variables (percent change) were compared by the Mann-Whitney U–test.

RESULTS:
On the right side, the Herbst group recorded a percent increase (median = 1.23%), while TFBC recorded a median percent decrease (-7.85%). This change is statistically significant (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS:
The difference in the condylar volume was significantly higher with the mini-plate anchored Herbst appliance than with the dentally anchored TFBC group.
Antimicrobial behavior of nanocoated orthodontic micro-implants: An in vitro study
Authors: Othman Samer Salim , El-Waseif Amr Abd-Elmonaem , Hameed Mohammed Abdullah , Abbas Qusay Adnan 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The need to overcome the failure of orthodontic micro-implants which might reach to 30% has led to the development of different methods, one of which is nanoparticle deposition.

AIM OF STUDY:
To evaluate the anti-microbial efficiency of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) when used as a coating for orthodontic micro-implants.

METHODS:
Thirty titanium alloy micro-implants were used in the presented study. They were divided into three groups according to the coating method and the coating materials used: the control group without surface coating; the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-coated group, in which direct current (DC) spattering was used to coat the micro-implants with a TiO2 layer; and the TiO2 and zinc oxide (TiO2ZnO)-coated group, in which the micro-implants were coated with a TiO2 layer via direct current (DC) spattering and a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer via laser vacuum. The micro-implant surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The antibacterial susceptibility was assessed using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

RESULTS:
SEM and EDS tests confirmed the coating of the micro-implants in the TiO2- and TiO2ZnO-coated groups. The micro-implants in the TiO2- and TiO2ZnO-coated groups demonstrated higher antibacterial ability than the control group.

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrated the significance of improving the surface of orthodontic micro-implants by coating them with TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles to improve osseointegration and prevent biofilm formation.
Evaluation of maxillary transverse dimensions in individuals with a unilaterally impacted canine
Authors: Alshalawi Ibtisam A. , Alnahad Dalal M. , Ardah Husam I. , Aboelmaaty Wael M. , Alrejaye Najla S. 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study was to investigate the maxillary width within individuals with a unilaterally impacted maxillary canine and to determine any association between the impacted canine location and some canine-related variables.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional analytical study using a split-mouth design included 22 CBCTs of individuals with unilaterally impacted maxillary canines (a total of 44 sides). The maxillary width was measured and compared in both impacted and non-impacted sides at various levels: basal, alveolar, and dental. The following canine-related variables were analyzed and compared with impaction location: impacted canine angulation, cusp tip distance from the occlusal plane, type of impaction (vertical or horizontal), presence of root resorption, deciduous teeth, or adjacent teeth transposition. Significance was considered at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
There was a significant reduction in maxillary width on the impacted side at the following levels: maxillary first premolar alveolar crest in both coronal and axial sections, dental width measured from the central fossa of maxillary first molar to the midline, and width measured from the canine cusp tip to the midline. Moreover, the distance from the palatally impacted canine cusp tip to the occlusal plane was statistically significantly lower (7.6 ± 1.5 mm) compared to buccal (10.8 ± 3.3 mm) and mid-alveolus (12.0 ± 3.9 mm) impaction, (P values = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
There was a significant association between canine impaction and reduction in the maxillary width at least on the dental level. The palatally impacted canine cusp tip was significantly closer to the occlusal plane compared to the buccal and mid-alveolar impaction.
Evaluation of the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell paste after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study
Authors: Abo-Elmahasen Mahmoud M. Fathy , Shaaban Adel M. , Elsaharty Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed A. S. , Assadawy Mohamed I. , El Sayed Ibrahim Sabry 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Demineralization of the enamel surface, which appears as white spot lesions during and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance, is the most common disadvantage of the orthodontic treatment course. Using the remineralizing agents during and after orthodontic treatment helps to avoid those enamel defects.

OBJECTIVE:
The present study aims to assess the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell powder on the demineralized enamel surfaces after debonding the orthodontic bracket system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current study was performed on 80 prepared premolar crowns embedded into acrylic molds. The samples were prepared to receive routine steps of the bonding process for the bracket system. The paste of the chicken eggshell powder was added to the samples after the debonding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to evaluate the remineralization effect of the chicken eggshell powder. Also, the Vickers microhardness tester was used to assess the enamel surface microhardness.

RESULTS:
It was found that the mean value of the Ca/P ratio for the samples before bonding of the orthodontic bracket system was (4.17 ± 2.2). This value significantly decreased to (2 ± 1.3) after debonding of the orthodontic bracket system and then showed a significant increase to (4.79 ± 2.65) after remineralization. These results were assured by the values of the Vickers microhardness tester.

CONCLUSION:
The chicken eggshell powder has an excellent remineralization effect for the demineralized enamel surface after debonding the orthodontic enamel surface.
Influence of upper lip inclination on facial profile attractiveness: A perceptive analysis
Authors: Bora Prateeksha , Agrawal Poonam , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Priya Kanak , Singh Neelam , Bhardwaj Rishibha 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to improve facial attractiveness. To orthodontists, this means that the nose, lips, and chin form an attractive outline when the faces are viewed from one side. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of lip inclination on perceived attractiveness using North Indian observer ratings on profile silhouettes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A profile photograph of an Indian male and female were converted to silhouettes for the study using computer software. The lip inclination of the idealized profile image was altered in two-degree increments to create a series of profiles with different upper lip inclination angles and rated by laypersons on a Likert scale.

RESULTS:
An angle of 79° was deemed to be neither attractive nor unattractive. Therefore, within the range of 65°–75°, the pictures were deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range, up to 91° were perceived as slightly unattractive, and anything outside the range of 93°–105° was deemed very unattractive.

LIMITATIONS:
The study is not generalizable to ethnic groups other than the North Indian population. Another limitation is the inability to visualize the entire face for a complete facial analysis.

CONCLUSION:
An upper lip inclination of 75°–85° in the male profile was associated with perceived attractiveness in all three groups whereas it was in the range of 65°–75° for a female profile. An upper lip inclination angle ranging from 95° to 105° was associated with unattractiveness in all three groups of observers and requires correctional intervention.
Displacement and stress distribution pattern during complete mandibular arch distalization using buccal shelf bone screws – A three-dimensional finite element study
Authors: Priya Parul , Jain Abhay Kumar , Prasad Raghu Ranjan , Singh Shresthaa , Kumar Abhishek , Kumari Priyanka 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
To evaluate and compare the distribution of stress and displacement of teeth during mandibular arch distalization using buccal shelf screws.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Three three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular arch were constructed with third molars extracted. Models 1, 2, and 3 were constructed on the basis of the lever arm heights of 0 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm, respectively, between the lateral incisor and canine. A buccal shelf screw was placed at the area in the second molar region with the initial point of insertion being inter-dental between the first and second molars and 2 mm below the mucogingival junction. MBT pre-adjusted brackets (slot size 0.022 × 0.028”) were placed over the clinical crown’s center with a 0.019 × 0.025” stainless-steel archwire on three models. A retraction force of 300 g was applied with buccal shelf screws and a lever arm bilaterally using nickel-titanium closed coil springs. The displacement of each tooth was calculated on X, Y, and Z axes, and the von Mises stress distribution was visualized using color-coded scales using ANSYS 12.1 software.

RESULT:
The maximum von Mises stress in the cortical and cancellous bones was observed in model 1. The maximum von Mises stress in the buccal shelf screw and the cortical bone decreased as the height of the lever arm increased. Applying orthodontic forces at the level of 6 mm lever arm height resulted in greater biomechanical bodily movement in distalization of the mandibular molars compared to when the orthodontic forces were applied at the level of 0 mm lever arm height.

CONCLUSION:
Displacement of the entire arch may be dictated by a direct relationship between the center of resistance of the whole arch and the line of action generated between the buccal shelf screw and force application points at the archwire, which makes the total arch movement highly predictable.
Challenges Related to Health Care for Iranian Women with Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Atashi Vajihe , Mohammadi Sepideh , Salehi Zahra , Shafiei Zahra , Savabi-Esfahani Mitra , Salehi Kobra 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
COVID-19 has widely affected the health and care of people with chronic diseases, especially those with breast cancer. Because the health status of women with breast cancer in Iran has been unknown during the COVID-19 outbreak, we aimed to explore the challenges related to care of Iranian women with breast cancer during this pandemic.

Methods:
Using the qualitative content analysis design, 31 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted from September 2020 to January 2021, with purposefully selected participants including 17 women with breast cancer, 7 health-care providers, and 7 family caregivers. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis.

Results:
Challenges related to health care for Iranian women with breast cancer can be classified into ten subcategories and three main categories. “Lack of specific functional and information resources,” “Limited equipment and active medical centers,” and “Intensification of the chemotherapy drug crisis” comprised the main category of “Inefficiency of care and treatment services.” “Lack of access to family caregiver,” “Ignoring the psychological burden imposed on patients,” and “Inadequate financial support from insurance organizations” were categorized as “Inadequate patient support.” “Avoiding receiving timely and appropriate treatment and care,” “Failure to accept self-responsibility for health,” “Misconceptions about COVID-19,” and “Ignoring breast cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic” comprised the subcategories of “ineffective self-care.”

Conclusion:
The present study provided a new understanding of the challenges regarding the health status of women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be used to develop effective interventions.
Problematic Internet Use and its Association with Anxiety among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Ranjan Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Pramod R. , Srivastava Mayank , Gujar Nilesh Maruti 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
The Internet has become an essential part of our daily life, especially the lives of adolescents and youth. With the growth of Internet users, there is also a growing concern about whether the use of the Internet is excessive and if so, whether it amounts to addiction or not. The present study aimed to find the Internet addiction and anxiety effects among undergraduate students.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduate students of Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg and Yugantar Institute of Technology and Management, Rajnandgoan, Chhattisgarh selected using purposive sampling. The total enumeration method was obtained to select students. A total of 854 students were selected for the study. Students were assessed with sociodemographic datasheet, The Internet addiction test, and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.

Results:
About 4.3% of the undergraduate students reported severe Internet addiction, 7.7% had moderate-to-severe level of anxiety. Internet addiction was found to have significant positive correlation with overall anxiety, psychic anxiety, and somatic anxiety symptoms. In regression analysis, anxiety contributes significantly to the prediction of Internet addiction among undergraduate students.

Conclusion:
Students are suffering from stress, anxiety, and depression may have a tendency to use the Internet excessively to relieve low mood, insomnia, fearfulness, feelings of guilt, and hopelessness.