bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty, 1985) dengan Metode Lepas Dasar
Authors: Prayudha Muhammad Rifky , Pramesti Rini , Susanto AB 
Published: February 2025

Environmental factors have affected seaweed cultivation. Productivity can be increased by using the right method. Seaweed production is related to brightness and photosynthetic processes which are affected by planting depth. This study aims to examine the effect of differences in depth on the growth rate of K. alvarezii with the off-bottom cultivation method in the waters of Lontar Village, Serang Regency, Banten Province. Randomized Block Design was used as the experimental design in this study. Cultivation depth of 30 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm were used as different treatments, each with three groups and 5 replications. The growth of sample weight was observed every week for six weeks as the main parameter. Water quality (temperature, salinity, brightness, pH, current velocity, nitrate, phosphate and dissolved oxygen) was observed as another parameter. The results showed that weight growth is influenced by the depth of cultivation. The 30 cm depth has the highest growth rate with an absolute growth of 890 grams and a specific growth rate of 2.85% per day.

Keywords : Kappaphycus alvarezii, depth, growth rate
Skip the Chaos: A Self Supervised Learning-Powered Autoencoder for Adversarial Recovery
Authors: Moitra Subhodeep , Banerjee Deblina 
Published: February 2025

The challenges arising from the adversarial attacks possess significant threat to the Deep Learning (DL models). This is particularly in the domains of Computer Vision (CV) and image processing. In this literature a new architectural framework has been put forward for reducing the effects of the adversarial perturbations. This is carried out by utilizing an auto encoder equipped with skip connection and multi head attention mechanism. The prime objective of this study is to contribute to adversarial robustness by leveraging the idea of reconstructing the original image from an adversarial attacked image. The use of the skip connection is for preserving the crucial low-level features and utilizing the multi head attention for refining the high-level contextual information. This architectural framework has been trained with the adversarial data achieved from Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) and Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) attacks using Self Supervised Learning (SSL) paradigm. For evaluating the effectiveness, we utilized the metrics like Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM). The results achieved from this study showed that this architectural framework can successfully reconstruct the original images while maintaining the quantitative structural similarity and favorable reduction in the error scores. This study provides an architectural framework for improving the adversarial robustness having potential applications in various real-world mission critical systems.
Determinations of Antenatal Care Utilization Among Reproductive Age Women in Lumbini Province, Nepal
Authors: Pant Indira , Devkota Bijaya Mani , Oli Lal Bahadur 
Published: February 2025

This study examines the factors influencing Antenatal care (ANC) utilization among women aged 15–49 in Lumbini Province, Nepal, using data from the 2021 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Logistic regression analysis identifies significant determinants of ANC attendance, including age, birth order, education, and wealth. This study shows that in a similar meter from the previous, women in the age group of 20-24 years are at a risk of almost 4.78 times greater for attending ANC visits than women below it. The odds continue to increase as with an all-time high validation for women aged 30-49 years (OR = 11.75, p = 0.017). Where birth order sometimes negatively affects ANC usage, women with three or more children will less likely seek ANC (OR = 0.344, p = 0.063). There is a positive association between the ANC use and education because those women with better education are 2.83 more likely to access ANC services, although it is not very significant. Indeed, differences in the economics that do exist show that poorer women attend ANC as showed to by an OR of 0.384, which denotes that they are 0.384 times less likely to attend ANC compared to the poorest (OR = 0.384, p = 0.045): with wealth, indirect influences of religion, caste/ethnicity, and location using socio-economic factors being biased toward ANC use. It shows that, it should to improve ANC for young mothers, women with higher birth orders, and income. Addressing these gaps therefore needs a multi-faceted approach in terms of strengthening education, financial support, and healthcare infrastructure. The findings provide the much needed evidence and policymakers to strategize around maternal health equity and SDG pathways that give detail in regard to addressing maternal and child health issues in Lumbini Province.
पूर्वीय साहित्यमा रसवाद चिन्तन र उत्पत्ति {Rasavad philosophy and its origin in Eastern literature}
Authors: आचार्य Acharya ओमप्रकाश  Omprakash 
Published: February 2025

रसवाद पूर्वीय साहित्यशास्त्रको सर्वाधिक चर्चित र आकर्षक साहित्यिकवाद हो । रसशास्त्रअनुसार रस आस्वाद्यपन हो । रससिद्धान्तका प्रवर्तक आदिआचार्य भरतमुनि हुन् । रसवादमा के कस्ता चिन्तन देखिएका छन् ? नेपाली साहित्यमा रस प्रयोग कसरी हुँदै आएको छ ? भन्ने जिज्ञासा एवम् अनुसन्धेय प्रश्नमा आधारित आधारित हुँदै अध्ययनको मूल समस्या रसवादको चिन्तन र प्रयोगसँग सम्बन्धित भएकाले यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य रसवादको चिन्तन र प्रयोगको अध्ययन गर्नु हो । यसका विशिष्ट उद्देश्यहरू रसवादमा देखिएका चिन्तनको विश्लेषण गर्नु, नेपाली साहित्यमा रस प्रयोगको अध्ययन गर्नु हो । पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा नेपाली साहित्यका साहित्यिक विधा र गीतलाई उद्देश्यमूलक ढङ्गबाट नमुनाको छनोट गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा रससिद्धान्त, रससामग्री, रससूत्र, रसप्रकार र रसप्रयोगका सम्बन्धमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनको व्याख्या विश्लेषण प्रक्रिया वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक रहेको छ । रसवादसम्बन्धी उत्पन्न चिन्तनमा रससामग्री विभाव हुन्छ । यसमा आलम्बन विभाव र उद्दीपन विभाव हुने गर्दछ । अनुभाव, व्यभिचारी र स्थायी भाव रसभाव हुन् । यिनै स्थायी भावका आधारमा नवरस देखापर्ने गर्दछन् । शृङ्गार रस पहिलो रस हो । यो संयोग र वियोग वा विप्रलम्भ शृङ्गारमा विभाजन हुन्छ । हास्य, वीर, करुण, रौद्र, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भूत र शान्त रस रसप्रकार हुन् । रसउत्पत्तिका उत्पत्ति, अनुमिति, भुक्ति, अभिव्यक्तिवाद बहुचर्चित रससूत्र हुन् । नेपाली साहित्यका कविता र नाटक विधामा नवरसको प्रयोग हुनुका साथै शृङ्गार, वीर, हास्य र शान्तरसको बढी प्रयोग भएको छ । राष्ट्रिय गीतमा वीर र शान्त रस प्रयोग भएको छ । आधुनिक गीतमा नवरससँगै शृङ्गार, करुण, शान्त रसको प्रयोग हुने गरेको छ । लोकदोहोरी गीतमा समेत नवरसको प्रयोग हुनुका साथै शृङ्गार, करुण र शान्त रस बढी प्र्योग हुने गरेको छ । यस लेखका माध्यमबाट रसचिन्तन र नेपाली साहित्यमा रसप्रयोगको स्थितिका सम्बन्धमा ज्ञान प्राप्त हुने भएकाले साहित्यमा रसका बारेमा अध्ययन गर्न, अनुसन्धान गर्न चाहनेका लागि यो लेख महŒवपूर्ण हुनेछ ।
Customer Satisfaction and Switching Behavior in Saudi Islamic Banks: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Altwijry Othman Ibrahim , Abduh Muhamad 
Published: February 2025

Investigating Islamic banks customer satisfaction and switching behaviour is imperative for the Islamic bankingÂ industry because it could assist in explaining the level of relationship between Islamic banks and their customers.Â Accordingly, the present study is aimed at examining customer satisfaction and switching behaviour of Islamic banksâ€™Â customers for the case of Saudi Arabia. Data for this study is obtained through survey method that involves theÂ distribution of questionnaire to about 216 Islamic banksâ€™ customers in Saudi Arabia. Importance and performanceÂ analysis (IPA) method is employed to achieve the objective of this study. The finding of this study indicated that,Â internet banking, shariah compliance, confidentiality, bankâ€™s type, accuracy of bank statement, new technologyÂ adoption, and frontline friendliness dimensions fall under the quadrant of â€œkeep up the good workâ€ with high level ofÂ performance and importance. In contrast, the attributes that are located in quadrant called â€œconcentrate hereâ€ are ATMÂ location, clarity in giving explanation, promptness in giving response, staff understanding on Islamic contracts, staffhandlingÂ complaints and parking area.
Globalisation of Islamic Financial Services and World City Networks
Authors: Hasan Abul 
Published: February 2025

Islamic Financial Services (IFSs) sector is rapidly developing in the Middle East cities as well as growing in the South East Asian cities like Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. Growth rate of this sector is notably significantly in the mainstream International Financial Centres (IFCs) such as London and New York. Currently these cities are said to be the â€˜command and controlâ€™ centres of the global economy because they harbour producer's services firms which manage increasingly complex production networks. This paper draws an analysis of rapidly expanding IFSs sector through a study of how cities are being connected through the intra-firm networks which provide Shariâ€˜ah-compliant financial services. It is argued that a focus on the globalisation of Islamic financial services (IFS) sector may provide an alternative to hegemonic imaginations of world city-formation through its focuses on globalising economic process. The relevance of such analysis is discussed against the conceptual backdrop of the world city network literature. Based on information on the locationÂ strategies of 27 leading Islamic financial services (IFS) firms in 47 cities across the world, this study employed the methodology on â€˜globalisation and world city networkâ€™ (GaWC). The results show that globalisation within the Muslim world follows a unique urban trajectory, thereby creating a network of powerful cities. The results also show that Middle East is at the apex of the IFSs sector and Manama is identified the hub of the IFS sector which other major cities such as Amman, Dubai, Doha, Jakarta, Jeddah, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait, Riyadh and Istanbul etc. are also primary nodes in the city network. Outside the Muslim world, London is increasingly profiling itself as a global Islamic financial service (IFS) hub.
Regulation of Virtual Currencies: Mitigating the Risks and Challenges Involved
Authors: Muhamed Zahudi Zalina , Radin Amir Radin Ariff Taquiddin 
Published: February 2025

The many types of virtual currencies that have been developed recently are due to the assessment of their users and proponents that financial systems require reform based on their mistrust in governments and financial institutions. To the users of virtual currency, its use in trade and commercial transactions suggests an attempt towards empowerment of consumers by by-passing the regulated currency regimes and intuitional regulations to create an open payments network â€“ an Internet for money. This article makes an attempt to create awareness on what virtual currency is, in highlighting the differences between virtual currency and the national currency in circulation. This would include discussion on the interaction of virtual currency with the real economy and its risk to the real economy. Further, the article draws attention to consumer protection issues and the significant consumer risks associated with the use and ownership of virtual currency. An Islamic finance perspective on virtual currency is included, given Malaysiaâ€™s dual financial system which support both conventional and Islamic finance.Â Â Finally, this article also draws attention to some of the possible regulatory challenges that virtual currency may create.
Shari'ah Committee Composition in Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions: Post Implementation of SGF 2010 and IFSA 2013
Authors: Itam@Ismail Muhd Issyam , Hassan Rusni 
Published: February 2025

Shariâ€™ah Governance is what makes Islamic Financial Institution (IFI) different from the Conventional Financial Institution. The primary aim of Shariah Governance is to ensure that the operation, practice, instrument, product and management of the IFIs are compliant with the Shariâ€™ah principles at all times.Â The Shariâ€™ah Governance framework has been outlined in several standard and guideline issued by various bodies and organizations. At the global level, it has been issued by IFSB and AAOIFI, while in Malaysia specifically, it has been provided by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) through the Shariâ€™ah Governance Framework 2010 (SGF 2010) and the newly implemented Islamic Financial Service Act 2013 (IFSA 2013). Acknowledging the significant role played by Shariâ€™ah Committee in an IFIâ€™s Shariâ€™ah Governance framework, all of the standards, guidelines and regulations mentioned above provide many provisions with regard to the Shariâ€™ah Committee in order to enhance their role and strengthen their position in the Islamic Finance industry. In this paper, focus will be given on two specific requirements, which are the requirement of qualification background of a Shariâ€™ah Committee and the minimum number of Shariâ€™ah Committee that must be appointed by an IFI. This paper will also discuss the gap between the requirements as provided by AAOIFI, IFSB, SGF 2010 and IFSA 2013, and what is the practice of the IFIs in applying these requirements.
Is Gold Dinar the Appropriate Money in Islam?
Authors: Santoso Bedjo , Meera Mydin Ahamed Kameel , Ahmad Khaliq 
Published: February 2025

The idea of revisiting currency and gold dinar from an Islamic standpoint as done in this paper is an interesting discourse in the current monetary system. The literature survey included historical aspect, supremacy of gold currency and the weakness of fiat money by employing maslahah-mursalah approach. The law of gold, as money, from Maqasid al-Shariâ€™ah and Siyasah Syarâ€™iyya approaches were discussed. The paper deliberated on some possible alternative forms of gold as money and then evaluated some obstacles and barriers in the hope of finding the best model of gold as money to be implemented in the current economic system. Deductive method is utilized to explore the implementation of gold currency based on historical study and library research. The findings revealed that, money is not limited to gold and silver. However, by using derivation from based on process from sources of law-making, the â€˜hukmâ€™ of gold/silver as money is permissible. While, the hukm for the country to mint gold dinar is subject to change into wajib, if the objective is to protect nation and people from harm. Maqasid al-Shariâ€™ah and maslahah-mafsadah studies have also strengthened the view. Moreover, the review indicated that gold as money serves maslahah while fiat money serves more mafsadah. However, it is difficult to implement gold dinar monetary system in the current system due to some impediments. Backed by information/communication technology and adequate political will, gold may, however be employed as measurement of value; and as such could be implemented in certain communities including cooperatives.
HASBLE Card: Innovation on Company Funding Using Shari'ah Venture Capital Toward Halal Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Majid Rifaldi , Agassi Billal Andre 
Published: February 2025

The growth of the Muslim population in the world is the main driver of growth for global halal products. In Indonesia, Law No.33 of 2014 on the Guarantee of halal products provides significant opportunities for the development of innovative products given the potential of huge Indonesian Muslim population. In the process, requirements to use halal certification in trade as mandated by the national law brings about a dilemma to the halal industry players as well as micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs). The problem of capital and funding are the key issues. Stakeholders are faced with the problems of production and sustainability, procurement of equipment and materials production, marketing, and internal reinforcement. This qualitative paper offers a review of the literature. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the model of innovative funding through Shairâ€™ah venture capital firms spur the growth and development of the halal industry. Halal Sustainable (HASBLE) card is an innovative model of mudharabah and musyarakah transaction, which are realized in a sustainable funding by Shairâ€™ah venture capital firms to halal industry players. The allocation of the profit-sharing is based on the contract by setting some parts aside in the card as productive deposit. These deposits will be managed as a productive stimulus funds for the maintenance of halal certification, training and business assistance, and the balance of HASBLE card itself. HASBLE card is innovative model that has sustainable funding agreement involving several stakeholders in order to improve productivity, growth, and the existence of halal products in the global trade arena.
KONTROVERSI NIKAH MUT’AH DALAM PANDANGAN SYI’AH DAN MUHAMMADIYAH
Authors: Firdaus Pri An Nissa , Maksum Muh Nur Rochim 
Published: February 2025

Pernikahan bukan hanya merupakan perjanjian fisik dan spiritual, pernikahan dibuat dengan tujuan agar Menggapai kebahagiaan rumah tangga yang langgeng dan penuh cinta. Di balik pernikahan yang sakral, terdapat tujuan mulia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan naluriah manusia dengan cara yang mulia dan sesuai dengan norma agama. Namun, realita menunjukkan munculnya pernikahan yang menyimpang di tujuan mulia tersebut, seperti nikah mut'ah yang hanya berfokus pada pemenuhan hasrat seksual dan bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam. Legalitas nikah mut'ah masih menjadi diskusi di antara umat Islam. Ahli agama Syi'ah berpegang teguh pada pendapat mereka bahwa pernikahan mut'ah diperbolehkan, sementara banyak pihak, termasuk ulama mazhab lain, menyatakan haramnya praktik tersebut. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan tentang kontroversi seputar pernikahan mut'ah. Serta menyoroti pandangan berbeda dengan kelompok syi’ah dan Muhammadiyah. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang prinsip-prinsip keluarga yang sakinah sesuai dengan perspektif muhammadiyah. Untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan, metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. dan memanfaatkan jenis penelitian library research (studi kepustakaan). Hasil dari analisis ini semoga dapat memberikan wawasan tentang pandangan berbeda antara kelompok Syi'ah dan Muhammadiyah terkait nikah mut'ah dan dapat menggambaran tentang keluarga yang sakinah sesuai dengan ajaran Islam perspektif Muhammadiyah
Экспансия османов в правление Мурада II и православные государства Балканского полуострова в Ducae, Michaelis Ducae nepotis, Historia Byzantina, XXVI–XXX
Authors: Хвальков Евгений Александрович 
Published: February 2025

В данной работе рассматривается процесс экспансии Османской империи в период правления султана Мурада II и его воздействие на православные государства Балканского полуострова, с приложением перевода глав XXVI–XXX из «Истории» Дуки. Перевод этих глав на русский язык осуществляется впервые и, соответственно, делает их доступными более широкой русскоязычной аудитории. Во времена Мурада II османская экспансия значительно усилилась, что стало катализатором политических и социальных изменений в православных государствах Балканского полуострова. Дука акцентирует внимание на внутренней нестабильности этих политических образований и их неспособности противостоять растущей угрозе, что привело их к постепенной потере независимости. Данная публикация подчёркивает значимость переводимого источника для понимания реалий XV в. и исторической памяти об этих событиях.
This paper examines the process of Ottoman expansion during the reign of Sultan Murad II and its impact on the Orthodox states of the Balkan Peninsula, with the translation of Chapters XXVI–XXX from Doukas’s History. This is the first translation of these chapters into Russian, making them accessible to a wider Russian-speaking audience. During the reign of Murad II, Ottoman expansion intensified significantly, which became a catalyst for political and social changes in the Orthodox states of the Balkan Peninsula. Doukas also focuses on the internal instability of these political entities and their inability to withstand the growing threat, which led to their gradual loss of independence. This publication emphasizes the importance of the translated source for understanding the realities of the 15th century and the historical memory of these events.
Analisis Perbedaan Citra SPECT Non-AC dan CTAC pada Pemeriksaan Scintigrafi Perfusi Miokard
Authors: Nuryadin Ridwan , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti , Apriantoro Nursama Heru , Budiawan Hendra 
Published: February 2025

Background: Myocardial Perfusion Scan displays SPECT images, which is a non invasive imaging method for a quantitative view of myocardial ischemia which can’t be done with CT myocardial perfusion. The principle of myocardial perfusion scan is that the myocardial absorption of radiopharmaceuticals is proportional to coronary heart blood flow to the myocardium. The main problem with SPECT myocardial perfusion scan imaging is photon attenuation caused by soft tissue around the heart which causes inaccurate information and attenuation artifacts. One method to reduce attenuation artifacts is hybrid CT Scan imaging with SPECT tools. CT Scan images are used to correct attenuation in SPECT images. The purpose of this research is to analyze the differences between non-AC and CTAC SPECT images which will have an impact on myocardium perfusion values on myocardial perfusion scans.Methods: This research is a quantitative analysis with a direct observation approach. The research was undertaken at Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics Installation of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in Bandung, starting November 2023 using a SPECT CT GE NM/CT 860 gamma camera. A total of 28 patients were examined for myocardial perfusion scans. Data processing is conducted by comparing the perfusion values of myocardium on non-AC and CTAC SPECT images for 28 samples by conducting hypothesis testing using paired test sample T-Test.Result: Based on the research results, non-AC, and CTAC SPECT image data showed a normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test, allowing the analysis of differences using the Paired-Samples T-test. In general, the analysis results indicate a significant difference between non-AC and CTAC SPECT images, as the sig value is less than 0.05 in the RCA and LCx vascular segments, as well as in the septal, inferior, lateral, and apical wall segments. However, no significant differences were found in the LAD vascular segment and the anterior wall segment, as the sig value is greater than 0.05.Conclusions: There are differences between non-AC and CTAC SPECT images in the RCA and LCx blood vessel segments, as well as in the septal, inferior, lateral, and apical wall segments. However, no differences are observed in the LAD blood vessel segment and the anterior wall segment.