bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical carcinoma in the elderly
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Gibb Randall K. , Geevarghese Sajeena , Powell Matthew A. , Herzog Thomas J. , Mutch David G. , Grigsby Perry W. , Gao Feng , Trinkaus Kathryn M. , Rader Janet S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdvanced age often is considered a poor prognostic factor for cervical carcinoma. The authors investigated the patterns of care and treatment outcomes of elderly women with cervical carcinoma.METHODSA hospital‐based tumor registry was used to identify patients with invasive cervical carcinoma who were treated between 1986 and 2003. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: women age < 70 years and women age ≥ 70 years. Survival was examined using the Kaplan–Meier method. Single and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).RESULTSIn total, 1582 patients were identified, including 1385 patients age < 70 years and 197 patients age ≥ 70 years. The elderly patients presented with more advanced stage tumors at diagnosis (P < 0.0001) and were more likely to have nonsquamous neoplasms (P = 0.002). A marked difference in treatment was noted for the elderly cohort, even after stratifying by disease stage. Only 16% of the older patients underwent surgical treatment compared with 54% of the younger patients (P < 0.0001). Elderly women were 9 times more likely to receive no treatment (P < 0.0001). In a multivariate model of known prognostic factors, the hazard ratio for death from any cause in women age > 70 years was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.5–3.0). The hazard ratio for death from cervical carcinoma in the elderly women was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1–2.5).CONCLUSIONSAge is an important factor in the allocation of treatment and survival for patients with cervical carcinoma. Elderly women with cervical carcinoma are more likely to receive primary radiotherapy, to forego treatment, and to die from their disease. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
A rare case of primary malignant melanoma of the scrotum diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Damala Konstantina , Tsanou Elena , Pappa Lina , Sintou‐Mantela Evdoxia , Peschos Dimitrios , Agnantis Niki J. , Malamou‐Mitsi Vassiliki 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report a case of a 55‐yr‐old man with malignant melanoma of scrotum. He was referred to our Hospital with a complaint of gradual focal enlargement of the scrotum in a period of 3 yr. On physical examination, a pigmented, poorly marginated mass, with central necrosis was observed. A fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the lesion was performed. Cytological examination revealed highly cellular smears, containing malignant cells, dispersed or arranged in loose aggregates. Cellular morphology and characteristics were identical to those of malignant melanoma arising elsewhere in the skin. The immunocytochemical study revealed positivity of neoplastic cells for anti‐melanoma monoclonal antibody (HMB‐45) antigen. Histological confirmation finally was provided after wide excision of the lesion. We emphasize the difficulties in differential diagnosis considerations and diagnostic pitfalls of scrotal lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:413–416. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Columnar cell lesions: Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy features
Authors: Saqi Anjali , Mazziotta Robert , Hamele‐Bena Diane 
Published: November 2004

AbstractColumnar cell lesions (CCLs) have been described histologically. Frequently, they are noted in biopsies performed for calcifications and are associated with an increased risk of malignancy in the presence of atypia. We sought to characterize the cytological features of CCLs in fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs). Twenty FNAs with subsequent histology diagnoses of CCL without carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen of 20 cases were classified as “atypical” on cytology; they had cohesive three‐dimensional clusters of enlarged polygonal epithelial cells intermixed with myoepithelial cells in the centers and palisading columnar cells peripherally. Five of these had cytological or architectural atypia on subsequent biopsies, but no significant differences were noted among the 18 aspirates. Calcifications (2/18), snouts (9/18), and bipolar nuclei (11/18) were also identified. The remaining 2/20 FNAs were interpreted as negative because of scant cellularity. In conclusion, CCLs have characteristic cytological traits, and because they may be associated with carcinoma, their recognition is important. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:370–375. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel transgenic rat for in vivo genotoxicity assays using 6‐thioguanine and Spi− selection
Authors: Hayashi Hiroyuki , Kondo Hiroshi , Masumura Ken‐ichi , Shindo Yasuhiro , Nohmi Takehiko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTransgenic rodents are valuable models for investigating the genotoxicity of chemicals in vivo. Here, we report the establishment of a novel transgenic rat for genotoxicity analysis. In this model, about 10 copies of λEG10 DNA carrying the gpt gene of E. coli and the red/gam genes of λ phage are integrated per haploid genome of Sprague‐Dawley rats at position 4q24‐q31. After recovery of λEG10 phage, point mutations in the gpt gene and deletions in the red/gam genes are identified by 6‐thioguanine and Spi− selection, respectively. To examine the suitability of these rats for performing in vivo mutagenicity assays, rats were treated with single intraperitoneal injections of ethylnitrosourea (ENU; 100 mg/kg) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; 62.5 and 125 mg/kg), and the mutant frequencies (MFs) in the liver were determined 7 days after the treatment. ENU enhanced the gpt MF about 7‐fold over the control while it did not significantly increase the Spi− MF. B[a]P increased both the gpt and Spi− MFs several‐fold in a dose‐dependent manner. To examine the kinetics of MF, ENU was administered (50 mg/kg/day for 5 successive days) and gpt MFs in the liver were determined 7, 21, 35, and 70 days after the last injection. The MF increased to 8‐fold and 13‐fold over the control at 7 and 35 days, respectively, after the last injection and then slightly declined at 70 days. These kinetics are similar to those reported for ENU‐treated lacZ transgenic mice. This novel transgenic rat could be useful for investigating species differences between rats and mice in their response to genotoxic agents. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:253–259, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Canonical transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4) co‐localizes with the scaffolding protein ZO‐1 in human fetal astrocytes in culture
Authors: Song Xianyuan , Zhao Yongmei , Narcisse Leontine , Duffy Heather , Kress Yvonne , Lee Sunhee , Brosnan Celia F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMembers of the mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) family form cation‐permeable channels at the plasma membrane implicated in capacitative calcium influx after activation by either second‐messenger‐mediated pathways or store depletion, or both. This study shows that with the use of RT‐PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, resting astrocytes express TRPC4 at the cell membrane, particularly at sites of cell‐to‐cell contact. By confocal imaging and immunoelectron microscopy, we detected co‐localization of TRPC4 with the scaffolding protein zonula occludens 1 (ZO‐1), and demonstrated that immunoprecipitation with antibodies to ZO‐1 brought down TRPC4, and vice‐versa. It has been proposed that the targeting of TRPC4 to the cell membrane is dependent on the interaction of the C‐terminal TRL motif with PDZ domains. Using transfection of astrocytes with myc‐tagged TRPC4 or TRL‐motif truncated TRPC4 (δTRL), we found that δTRL localized predominantly to a juxtanuclear compartment, whereas the wild‐type protein showed cell surface distribution. Deletion of the TRL motif also reduced plasma membrane expression as assessed by cell surface biotinylation experiments. Using GST fusion proteins, we found that TRPC4 interacted with the PDZ1 domain of ZO‐1 and that this was also dependent on the TRL motif. Thus, our data demonstrate that the PDZ‐interacting domain of TRPC4 controls its cell surface localization. These data implicate TRPC4 in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in astrocytes, particularly as part of a signaling complex that forms at junctional sites between astrocytes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dominant B cell epitope from NY‐ESO‐1 recognized by sera from a wide spectrum of cancer patients: Implications as a potential biomarker
Authors: Zeng Gang , Aldridge Michael E. , Wang Yu , Pantuck Allan J. , Wang Allen Y. , Liu Yue‐xiang , Han Yan , Yuan Yan‐hua , Robbins Paul F. , Dubinett Steven M. , deKernion Jean B. , Belldegrun Arie S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMonitoring the spontaneous antibody (Ab) response against a panel of relevant tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) in cancer patients may provide useful information regarding the clinical status of cancer. However, current Ab detection approaches require the purification of recombinant proteins, which is often difficult to achieve. In order to bypass the purification of recombinant proteins, we identified a dominant B‐cell epitope from a shared tumor antigen NY‐ESO‐1. A synthetic peptide of the epitope, ESO:1‐40, was as sensitive as the recombinant protein for detecting Ab against NY‐ESO‐1 in most patients. NY‐ESO‐1 specific Ab present in the sera of patients with melanoma, prostate cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma reacted with the dominant peptide at a similar frequency as the recombinant protein. To our knowledge, ESO:1‐40 is the first peptide epitope recognized by sera from a wide spectrum of cancer patients but not healthy donors. This simple and straightforward approach may allow the investigation of the clinical significance of spontaneous Ab responses against multiple TAA and their correlation with the clinical course of malignant diseases in the future. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the polymorphic IL‐1B, IL‐1RN and TNF‐A genes in distal gastric cancer in Mexico
Authors: Garza‐González Elvira , Bosques‐Padilla Francisco Javier , El‐Omar Emad , Hold Georgina , Tijerina‐Menchaca Rolando , Maldonado‐Garza Héctor Jesus , Pérez‐Pérez Guillermo Ignacio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral cytokine gene polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk of distal gastric cancer (GC) and its precursor histological markers in Caucasian, Asian and Portuguese populations although little is known about their role in other ethnic groups. Our study investigates the role of the IL‐1B‐31, IL‐1RN and TNF‐A‐308 gene polymorphisms as risk factors for the development of GC in a Mexican population. We studied 278 patients who were enrolled at the Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. Sixty‐three patients with histologically confirmed distal GC (mean age = 58.8 years, range = 22–84, F:M = 0.56), and 215 patients with no evidence of distal or proximal GC (mean age = 56.1 years, range = 18–92, F:M = 1.17). The IL‐1B‐31 and the TNF‐A‐308 polymorphisms were determined by PCR‐RFLP and pyrosequencing, respectively, in all cases and controls. The VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the 1L‐1RN gene was typed by PCR in 25 cases and 201 controls. The H. pylori status was determined by histology, rapid urease test, culture and serology for non‐cancer controls and by histology for the GC cases. The carriage of the proinflammatory IL‐1B‐31*C allele was associated with increased risk of distal GC (odds ratio [OR] = 7.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73‐46.94, p = 0.003). When cases and controls were matched by age and gender, the OR value was higher (OR = 8.05, 95% CI = 1.8–50.22, p = 0.001). When only H. pylori GC cases and controls were compared, the OR value was 7.8 (95% CI = 1.05–161.8, p = 0.04). No association was found between any of the other polymorphisms studied and distal GC. In this Mexican population, the IL‐1B proinflammatory genotype increases the risk of distal GC. These findings are similar to previous reports in Caucasian populations and underscore the importance of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the development of distal GC. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid enrichment of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐specific polyclonal T cell populations for adoptive immunotherapy of cervical cancer
Authors: de Jong Annemieke , van der Hulst Jeanette M. , Kenter Gemma G. , Drijfhout Jan Wouter , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Vermeij Pieter , Offringa Rienk , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Melief Cornelis J. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe majority of cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). Cervical cancer is associated with an ineffective host immune response against the HPV16 oncoproteins, characterized by the lack of the strong E6‐specific T‐helper type 1 (Th1) immunity that is generally present in healthy individuals, the presence of improperly polarized HPV16E6‐ and E7‐specific CD4+ T cells and increased numbers of regulatory T cells. Therefore, immunotherapeutic intervention is likely to require a modality that deletes the regulatory T cell component and enhances the HPV16‐specific Type 1 T cell response. HLA‐matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation may offer such a modality, because it involves the eradication of host immune cells and enables the transfer of donor derived tumor‐specific T cells to the patient. As a first step in the development of such a treatment, we evaluated the success rate of a protocol for enrichment of HPV16E6‐specific CD4+ T cells from healthy donor PBMC on the basis of their IFNγ secretion. After a short in vitro stimulation with overlapping 30 amino acid long HPV16E6 peptides, we enriched the IFNγ secreting cells by magnetic cell sorting. The obtained polyclonal CD4+ T cell populations recognized distinct epitopes within HPV16E6, as well as E6 protein, processed and presented by autologous professional antigen presenting cells. The described protocol proved successful in PBMC from more than half of the healthy adult blood donors. These HPV16E6‐specific CD4+ T cells may turn out to be an essential component of future adoptive T cell therapy for advanced cervical cancer, by orchestrating CTL dependent and independent tumoricidal mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of genomic abnormalities between BRCAX and sporadic breast cancers studied by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Gronwald Jacek , Jauch Anna , Cybulski Cezary , Schoell Brigitte , Böhm‐Steuer Barbara , Lener Marcin , Grabowska Ewa , Górski Bohdan , Jakubowska Anna , Domagała Wenancjusz , Chosia Maria , Scott Rodney J. , Lubiński Jan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractVery little is known about the chromosomal regions harbouring genes involved in initiation and progression of BRCAX‐associated breast cancers. We applied comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify the most frequent genomic imbalances in 18 BRCAX hereditary breast cancers and compared them to chromosomal aberrations detected in a group of 27 sporadic breast cancers. The aberrations observed most frequently in BRCAX tumours were gains of 8q (83%), 19q (67%), 19p (61%), 20q (61%), 1q (56%), 17q (56%) and losses of 8p (56%), 11q (44%) and 13q (33%). The sporadic cases most frequently showed gains of 1q (67%), 8q (48%), 17q (37%), 16p (33%), 19q (33%) and losses of 11q (26%), 8p (22%) and 16q (19%). Losses of 8p and gains 8q, 19 as well as gains of 20q (with respect to ductal tumours only) were detected significantly more often in BRCAX than in sporadic breast cancers. Analysis of 8p‐losses and 8q‐gains showed that these aberrations are early events in the tumorigenesis of BRCAX tumors. The findings of this report indicate similarities between BRCAX and BRCA2 tumours, possibly suggesting a common pathway of disease. These findings need confirmation by more extensive studies because only a limited number of cases were analysed and there are relatively few reports published. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro/nanoscale mechanical and tribological characterization of SiC for orthopedic applications
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Wang Xinnan , Bondokov Robert , Morris Julie , An Yuehuei H. , Sudarshan Tangali S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMicro/nanomechanical and tribological characterization of SiC has been carried out. For comparison, measurements on SiC, CoCrMo, Ti‐6Al‐4V, and stainless steel have also been made. Hardness and elastic modulus of these materials were measured by nanoindentation using a nanoindenter. The nanoindentation impressions were imaged using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Scratch, friction, and wear properties were measured using an accelerated microtribometer. Scratch and wear damages were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that SiC exhibits higher hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance as well as lower friction with fewer and smaller debris particles compared to other materials. These results show that SiC possesses superior mechanical and tribological properties that make it an ideal material for use in orthopedic and other biomedical applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 353–361, 2005
Assessment of the selectivity equivalence of DB‐608 and DB‐624 open‐tubular columns for gas chromatography
Authors: Kiridena Waruna , Patchett Cheryl C. , Koziol Wladyslaw W. , Poole Colin F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe solvation parameter model is used to characterize the selectivity of DB‐608 and DB‐624 open‐tubular columns at five equally spaced temperatures over the range 60 to 140°C. The system constants for the DB‐608 and DB‐624 columns were used as selectivity parameters to search a database of open‐tubular columns to identify columns with similar selectivity. The search was refined using the absolute deviation of the system constants and retention factor regression models for varied compounds. For method development it is shown that the selectivity of the poly(cyanopropylphenyldimethylsiloxane) stationary phase containing 6% cyanopropylphenylsiloxane monomer (DB‐1301) is equivalent to DB‐624 and the poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) stationary phases containing either 50 or 65% diphenylsiloxane monomer (Rtx‐50 and Rtx‐65) are suitable choices for DB‐608.
Etched chemically modified capillaries: Novel separation media for electrophoretic analyses
Authors: Pesek Joseph J. , Matyska Maria T. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe fabrication, properties, and applications of etched chemically modified capillaries for electrophoretic analysis are reviewed. It is shown that the etching process creates a surface that is fundamentally different than a bare fused silica capillary. The new surface matrix produces unique electroosmotic flow properties and is more compatible with basic and biological compounds. After chemical modification of the surface, the bonded organic moiety (stationary phase) contributes to the control of migration of solutes in the capillary. Both electrophoretic and chromatographic processes take place in the etched chemically modified capillaries leading to a variety of experimental variables (pH, buffer type, presence and amount of organic modifier, and temperature) that can be used to optimize separations. A number of examples of separations on these capillaries are presented as well as data on column ruggedness and reproducibility.
Studies on the Homogeneous Acetylation of Cellulose in the Novel Solvent Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride Trihydrate
Authors: Ass Beatriz A. P. , Frollini Elisabete , Heinze Thomas 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: The novel solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF · 3H2O) was studied for acetylation of linters cellulose. In order to control the degree of substitution (DS), acetylation of the macromolecule was carried out at different reaction time and temperature, molar ratio of reactants, as well as under variation of the concentration of TBAF · 3H2O in solution. Cellulose acetate (CA) was accessible with DS ranging from 0.43 to 2.77. The change in concentration of TBAF · 3H2O in DMSO showed a strong influence on DS. The most appropriate reaction conditions for acetylation of linters cellulose regarding maximal DS were evaluated. The structure of the CA was characterized by means of FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The solubility of the CA depends not only on the DS but also on the reaction conditions applied, indicating a different distribution of acetate moieties both within and between polymer chains.
New Star‐Branched Poly(acrylonitrile) Architectures: ATRP Synthesis and Solution Properties
Authors: Pitto Valentina , Voit Brigitte I. , Loontjens Ton J. A. , van Benthem Rolf A. T. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been chosen as “living”/controlled free radical polymerization system to synthesize a number of novel poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) architectures. The reaction conditions for the synthesis of linear samples with control over molar mass and molar mass distribution have been investigated together with the possibility of obtaining copolymers of acrylonitrile with small quantities of methyl acrylate (max. 5 mol‐%). Well‐defined star polymers with 3, 4 and 6 arms have been successfully synthesized together with linear chains initiated by a bifunctional initiator and star‐branched polymers with a hyperbranched poly(ester amide) as core. Molar masses were determined by NMR and GPC with the latter leading to a significant over estimation. Solution viscosity studies indicated that the stiff structure of the PAN chains is still maintained in the homopolymer star architectures and that the incorporation of small quantities of methyl acrylate as comonomer has a stronger effect on chain flexibility than the incorporation of star‐branch points.
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A Review on Pineapple Leaf Fibers, Sisal Fibers and Their Biocomposites
Authors: Mishra Supriya , Mohanty Amar K. , Drzal Lawrence T. , Misra Manjusri , Hinrichsen Georg 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary: The use of lignocellulosic fibers, pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and sisal as reinforcements in thermoplastic and thermosetting resins for developing low cost and lightweight composites is an emerging field of research in polymer science and technology. Although, these biofibers have several advantages, such as low densities, low cost, nonabrasive nature, high filling level possible, low energy consumption, high specific properties, biodegradability, etc., over synthetic fibers, the absorption of moisture by untreated biofibers, poor wettability, and insufficient adhesion between the polymer matrix and fiber deteriorate the mechanical properties of composites made up of these biofibers. Therefore, the modification of these fibers is a key area of research at present to obtain optimum fiber‐matrix properties. This review article is concerned with the structure, composition and properties of PALF and sisal, the chemical modifications of these fibers and PALF/sisal‐reinforced thermosets, thermoplastics, rubber, cement, hybrids and biocomposites.Scanning electron micrograph of tensile fractured surface of alkali treated sisal fiber (magnification ×500).magnified imageScanning electron micrograph of tensile fractured surface of alkali treated sisal fiber (magnification ×500).
On a generalization of the Neumann problem for the Laplace equation outside cuts in a plane
Authors: Krutitskii P. A. , Chikilev A. O. , Krutitskaya N. Ch. , Kolybasova V. V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA boundary value problem for harmonic functions outside cuts in a plane is considered. The jump of the normal derivative is specified on the cuts as well as a linear combination of the normal derivative on one side of the cut and the jump of the unknown function. The problem is studied with three different conditions at infinity, which lead to different results on existence and number of solutions. The integral representation for a solution is obtained in the form of potentials density in which satisfies the uniquely solvable Fredholm integral equation of the 2nd kind. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.