bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mathematics Of Sex
Authors: Ceci Stephen J , Williams Wendy M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even though women consistently receive better grades in math and science, men excel on math aptitude tests and are greatly overrepresented in the so-called hard sciences. The Mathematics of Sex explores why males are overrepresented in mathematically intensive professions such as physics, computer science, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Bringing together for the first time important research from such diverse fields as endocrinology, economics, sociology, education, genetics, and psychology, the authors show that two factors--the parenting choices women (but not men) have to make, and the tendency of bright women to choose people-oriented fields like medicine--largely account for the under-representation of women in the hard sciences. Further, research shows that biology itself--differences in hormones or brain organization--does not fully account for the problem. Compressing an enormous amount of information--over 400 studies--into a readable, engaging account suitable for parents, educators, and policymakers, this book advances the debate about women in science unlike any other book before it.
Milton
Authors: Newlyn Lucy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In writing Milton, Blake undertook a task that extended far beyond the struggle for individual creative identity with a strong precursor or a sacred text. In addition to offering, as Joseph Wittreich has argued, an answer to ’all those biographers, critics, and editors who falsified both Milton and his poetry, blocking from view the spiritual form of the poet’,Blake’s prophecy is also an attempt to undo mistaken notions of divinity, of politics, of sexuality, and of imagination which can be seen, if not to have their origin in Paradise Lost, then at least to be underwntten by some of Its theological implications. Indeed, these two aspects of the poem are closely interconnected: acknowledging the powerful cultural symbol which Milton has become, Blake holds the reception of Paradise Lost, as much as 1ts author, responsible for ideas which, in his view, maintain a stranglehold on the dominant ideology of his day, and urgently need to be reconsidered.
Through a Glass Darkly: Sophocles and the Divine
Authors: Parker Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Struggle against it though one may, it is hard in the end to talk about Sophocles without talking about his gods. In none of the surviving plays do the first twenty lines pass without a god or a religious practice being mentioned; in one a goddess makes the opening speech. Yet, saturated with the divine though the plays are, the Sophoclean gods remain distant and elusive. What follows will be an attempt to approach these familiar issues by a side path. The initial question will not be about the conceptions of the gods that may emerge from the plays but about the ways in which they emerge.
Sophocles at Rome
Authors: Holford-Strevens Leofranc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When an artist from another age whom we admire has been admired by others before us, it is easy to suppose that their grounds of admiration were the same as ours; even when this is not so the fact may be overlooked, as when we complacently record Aristotle’s admiration for the Oedipus Tyrannus without observing that the play is treated on the footing of a detective story, or that his second favourite play is the Iphigenia in Tauris, considered as a thriller and never reconciled with the Philosopher’s own definition of the tragic. The Victorians, whose thoughts and feelings still govern us by default in the absence of conscious rejection, admired Shakespeare as a creator of rounded and individual characters; the classically minded Dr Johnson subordinated his appreciation of the characters as persons to his understanding of their dramatic function and the general insights they afford into human types and natures.
The Appendix Barberino- Vaticana
Authors: Cameron Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cumbersomely entitled Appendix Barberino-Vaticana (here-after ABV) consists of fifty-four epigrams transmitted in three manuscripts: Vat. gr. 240 (hereafter V) written c.1560; Vat. Barb. gr. 123 (hereafter M), copied for Janus Lascaris, the first editor of the Planudean Anthology (1494), between 1504 and 1509, though the pages that carry ABV were not (as formerly believed) written in his own hand; and Par. Suppl. gr. 1199 (hereafter K), written on paper datable between 1480 and 1500, an important new witness first published in 1978 by E. Mioni and—independently— R. Aubreton.
Plotting Time
Authors: Taplin Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Listen to me, Trojans and Dardanians and allies. Today I thought that I would return to windy Ilios with the ships and all the Achaians destroyed—but before that darkness came, and it is that above all which has now saved the Argives and their ships on the shore. Well, for the present we should give way to dark night and prepare our supper. Unyoke your lovely-maned horses from your chariots and throw fodder by them.
T. C. W. Stinton
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
T. C. W. Stinton was a highly respected classical scholar who died in 1985. He was a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, for over thirty years and devoted his life to teaching, inspiring his pupils with his own passionate love for the classics. As well as generously encouraging the work and publications of others, he also spent much time himself in researching and writing, concentrating mainly on Greek tragedy. This volume presents twenty-six of Tom Stinton’s essays and reviews, mainly on Greek tragedy, covering his work from 1960 until his death in 1985. The papers include `Euripides and the Judgement of Paris’, ‘The Scope and Limits of Allusion in Greek Tragedy’, ‘The Apotheosis of Heracles from the Pyre’, and ‘Greek Tragic Texts and the Limits of Conservatism’. Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones, formerly Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford, has written a foreword especially for this collection.
Review
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite his title, G. Meautis devotes only two pages to the question of authenticity. Schmid’s view is rejected on the ground (1) that the Prometheus Lyomenos is by Aeschylus, therefore the Prometheus Desmotes must be (a strong but not conclusive argument); (2) that we have only 7 out of 80 plays written over 25 years, so that we cannot assess the differences oflanguage, style, form, and content from A.’s other plays. This might be a reasonable conclusion, but it is surprising to find a rejection of all such arguments at the start (it does not prevent
Communication
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is not easy to see what kind of reader Mr Green is addressing in his recent article on ‘The First Sicilian Slave War’ (Past and Present, xx (Nov. 1961), 10-29). The detailed presentation and voluminous notes suggest the specialist. But as his main conclusion-that the war ‘was not an Urkommunist revolution against slavery, or, indeed, any kind of socialist or left-wing economic revolt’ (p. 24) but was sparked off by the nationalist ardour of Syrians and Cilicians, and maintained by the religious fervour of the mystery cults with which it became associated-is already familiar to specialists, we must assume that it is directed to the general reader. It might, therefore, be worthwhile to mention a few points on which the general reader could be misled.
‘Si Credere Dignum Est’: Some Expressions of Disbelief in Euripides and Others
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper I shall review some common expressions of scepticism or disbelief, as they are used in Greek literature. I shall argue that these are frequently not at all what they purport to be, and express not disbelief but some quite different attitude. I shall then try to show how this applies to some apparent expressions of scepticism about myth or religion in Euripides.
The Riddle at Colonus
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Hugh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The riddle with its solution is a familiar pattern in early Greek poetry.1 Often enough it consists simply in a more or less complex periphrasis followed by the standard term explaining it, usually in apposition. A particularly elaborate and self-conscious example of this pattern occurs in the second stasimon of Aeschylus’ Septem (720-3), where the first strophe and antistrophe each open with a riddle. The riddle is first stated in general terms, then each clue is added in a separate colon until the answer is given at the end of the fourth line: in the strophe, the Erinys, in the antistrophe, Iron; the word aioaeoc; corresponding exactly in position and shape to ‘Eeivvv.
The Gods in Epic
Authors: Feeney D C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The role of the gods in the classical world's epic tradition has been the subject of controversy since ancient times, and many modern readers continue to find their presence a source of frustration. Although the problem of the gods in some individual works has been intensely discussed, this is the first study to be devoted to the classical literary tradition as a whole, together with the apparatus of critical scholarship which was part of that tradition. The work of the ancient critics provides some access to the interpretative conventions of the original reading community, while their theories of fiction and genre also shed light on the problems of the truth-value of epic fiction and the kind of belief that poetry generates. Their work is only a preliminary guide, however, and the major portion of this study is devoted to the poets themselves and to the themes particularly associated with them: discussion of fiction is located with Apollonius, allegory with Statius, anthropomorphism with Ovid, and so on. The survey seeks to restore a sense of the power of this unique form of fiction.
Apollonius’ Argonautica
Authors: Feeney D C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even if he had never written a line of poetry, Apollonius’ name would still be known to us, for he was one of the leading scholars of his day, and headed the library at Alexandria for some dozen years (probably from around 260 to 247 BCE). He published re searches on Homer, Hesiod, Archilochus, and Antimachus, and modern studies have documented the way in which his learning became part of the fabric of his great epic, the Argonautica. If he was very much in the mainstream of scholarship, he was also a brilliant reader by any standard, as every page of his poem shows. It is exceedingly frustrating that we are effectively shut out from reading much of what was important to him, for only fragments survive from the epics composed between the Homeric era and the time of Apollonius. The loss of Antimachus is especially to be regretted; here was an innovative artist who was famous for his learning, spoken of as the ‘editor’ of a text of Homer, and a poet whom Apollonius treated as the object of scholarly study.
Agamemnon’s Role in the Iliad
Authors: Taplin Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have a good idea of what a succinct characterization of Agamemnon in the Iliad should look like: phrases such as ‘physically courageous, morally weak’ or more fully ‘A good fighter, he is arrogant and brusque when confident of success ... easily deceived and prone to misunderstand . . . combines the self confident and defeatist sides ... ‘.1 For myself! like ‘cloaked in unscrupulousness’ or ‘wrapped in lack of moral sense’, which is of course what Achilles calls him at 1.
Childhood and Personality in Greek Biography
Authors: Pelling Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everybody notices when a great man dies; it is more difficult to notice when one is born, or when one is growing up. It is not surprising that ancient biographers often faced a dearth of reliable material on their subject’s childhood and youth; and, for writers of a certain sort of biography, the temptation to fill this gap with the telling, fictional anecdote was difficult to resist. This is clear in biographies of literary figures: Similar tales were told about Plato, Homer, Hesiod, Lucan, Ambrose, and others. Or stories could be less supernatural: stories, for instance, of Homer’s travels as a young man to Ithaca, or of his studying poetry with a schoolteacher named Phemius; or of Sophocles’ magnificent appearance in the chorus celebrating the victory of Salamis.
The Galatians in the Hellenistic World
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 280 BC1 a mass of migrating Celtic peoples invaded Macedonia. By arrangement between the leaders, one group led by Kerethrios made for the Thracians and the Triballi in the east; a second under Brennos and Akichorios invaded Paeonia; and a third under Bolgios picked the Macedonians and Illyrians, attacking and indeed killing Ptolemy, called Keraunos, who had recently acquired the kingship of Macedon.2 This was not the first direct contact between Celts and the Greek world of the eastern Mediterranean; Celtic mercenaries had been seen in Greece in 369/8 BC when they were sent by Dionysius I of Syracuse to help his Spartan allies in the Peloponnese;3 and Illyrian Celts had sent embassies to Alexander the Great, on the banks of the Danube and even at Babylon on the Euphrates.
Ethnography and Settlement of the Anatolian Celts
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of the Gauls for a century and a half after the invasion of Asia Minor is not an inspiring one, nor does it contribute a major topic to Hellenistic history. ‘Commandés souvent clans leur propre langue, par des officiers qui soot des leurs, munis de leurs armes traditionelles, ii ne semble pas que ces hommes quitraversaient en tout sens les pays grecs qu’ils pillaient aient apporté grande chose é la civilisation hellénitique.’
Crisis and Continuity in the Third Century
Authors: Mitchell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In AD 242 the doors of the temple of Janus at Rome were thrown open, more veterum, to announce the declaration of war. The emperor Gordian III set forth in a solemn profectio to lead an army through the Balkans and Asia Minor to Syria and Mesopotamia against the Sassanian king Shapur I. The triumphs of that campaign at Carrhae, Nisibis, and Singara were celebrated with particular fervour in Asia Minor. At Ephesus Gordian and his empress Tranquillina were honoured by inscriptions which claimed that they had restored and enhanced the ancient peaceful lifestyle throughout their whole empire.
Simple Gemination (Nominal Forms)
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Latin poetry provides fewer contexts for invocation or formal address than Greek, but even so the geminated oath is eschewed in the loftier genres. Rather we find it in Pl. Am.791 Iuppiter pro Iuppiter and Persius 2.22-3 ‘pro Iuppiter, o bone,’ clamet I ‘Iuppiterl’ at sese non clamet Iuppiter ipse?, where the satirist mocks the pious devotee of the gods.
Simple Gemination (Verbs and Adverbs)
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like geminated vocatives, geminated imperatives are a common feature of language; and the gemination usually reflects an intensity described as expressive. The poetry of Greece provides many examples and not a few are found in Latin. But again the Latin examples indicate that adjacent repetition was common only in the performance genres (comedy, tragedy, and oratory), most closely simulating the contexts of direct speech.
Expanded Gemination (Verbs, Phrases, and Pairs)
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Geminated noun or noun phrase is expanded through a defining adjective, an appositive, or relative clause. In a parallel fashion, a verb is expanded by an adverb, by a further characterization of the subject, or most commonly by a subsequent verbal clause: In the first pattern, the repetition allows the poet to add cautus and felix, but more fundmentally the repeated imperative propels the speaker into another imperative (nosterque redi). This first structure is shared by other imperatives: The second, and less common, pattern employs adverbial correction (for nouns, cf. Ch. 2.3).
Modification
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modification, the repetition of a word-stem in a new clause in a different form, can operate with any class of word. Not only can a noun be resumed in a different case (festa parat Conso. Consus tibi cetera dicet, Ov. Fasti 3.199) or a verb appear in a new inflection (sed cum Troia subit, subeunt uentique fretumque, Ov. Her 13.123), but a nominal stem can be resumed by a related adjective (Iuppiter est iuuenis: iuuenalis aspice uultus, Ov. Fasti 3.437), and more generally a word can be resumed under any nominal or verbal stem of the same root, for example: That is to say, modification is the interclausal analogue of intraclausal polyptoton.
Climax
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finding climax fairly obvious (apertior) and artificial (magis adfectata), Quintilian advised that it be employed sparingly, and so it was in prose. Roman poets seem to have agreed. Although a few dozen examples can be quoted, one sees more occasions where the figure has been avoided. Despite the handbook examples, what poetic examples there are usually involve only one overlapping name or word.
Parentheses and Asides
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tms is not the place for a comprehensive study of the form and function of parentheses, nor even of all those which use word-repetition.1 I shall simply outline some of the issues, with a focus on those passages which use parenthetical repetition in an allusive way which identifies it as a figure. Native to the colloquial registers, parenthesis is frequent in Roman comedy and the letters of Cicero, with occasional examples which repeat preceding material, e.g. Ter. Eun.
Responses, Echoes, and Similes
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SPEAKERS in literary dialogue frequently repeat words of their interlocutors.1 The wide range of discourse pragmatics is easily exemplified by repetitions in Roman comedy: But repetition is most common and almost mechanical in agonistic settings which imitate or even parody the structure of the preceding speaker (cf. Cic. Planc. 31-3, Phil. 2.28-30): Framed dialogues within Latin poetry, however, generally lack the sticho- mythic characteristics of dramatic dialogue—short segments, interruptions, and agonistic quotations.
Multiple Anaphora in the Same Line
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE sole Latin instance of quintuple anaphora in a single line comes from Silius at the finale of the battle of Cannae: Sil. 10.303-5 sed uicere uirum coeuntibus undique telis et Nomas et Garamas et Celta et Maurus et Astur. hie finis Paulo. The repeated massing expands 1. 304 to its limit, as a prelude to the unitary brevity of the passage’s summation: hie finis Paulo.
Variation of Repetends
Authors: Wills Jeffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
REPETENDS are never poetically the same. Even when identical in form and meaning, they occupy different spaces in the linear work, have different acoustic neighbours, and are met by the reader with different expectations. Still, in certain periods, the art of Latin poetry is the art of variation and that art of variation deserves some specific attention. The divisions of this book which are concerned with polyptoton and modification deal explicitly with morphological variation, but other poetic vehicles are also available to distinguish repetends: variation in prosody and variation in meaning.
Everyday Life
Authors: Huskinson Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subjects discussed in this section are drawn from everyday human life, as opposed to mythology or allegory. They are treated with varying degrees of ‘realism’, according to their genre and date, and may be expected to relate to their patrons’ interests more closely than do many other scenes. In this they may be compared with the funerary altars commissioned mainly by freedmen in the first and second centuries AD which chose to commemorate families (and especially children) in terms of their own contemporary activities (Kleiner 1987a).
Season Sarcophagi
Authors: Huskinson Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Season sarcophagi are some of the most varied in typology and richest in potential symbolism. Much, of course, has been written about them; in particular, Hanfmann (1951) and Kranz’s recent volume inASR V. iv. are devoted solely to the subject, while studies such as Cumont (1942) and Turcan (1966a) include important comment and critique.
The Child in a pre-Adult World
Authors: Huskinson Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This section looks at representations of children on these sarcophagi which show them existing and acting as children in a pre-adult world: portraits, scenes of recreation, and the biographical cycle of their ‘life-events’. My principal aim is to relate them to attitudes to the living child in Roman society. As funerary memorials to dead children they served to provideimagines of individuals as they were in childhood and to commemorate in various ways the activities and achievements of their short lives.
Further Voices in Vergil Aeneid
Authors: Lyne R O A M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Aeneid can strike one as a relatively conventional epic. It may seem an objective heroic tale of Rome's beginnings, unshocking in tone and substance, indeed (and more particularly) patriotic and inspiring. Vergil designed it so that it might read in this way. This is one `voice` that he wished us to hear. We may call it the epic voice. But there are `further voices`. Imagery and other stylistic devices are exploited to insinuate ramifying meanings and messages for those prepared to listen, and these may be disturbing, even shocking, as they add to, comment upon, question and occasionally subvert the implications of the epic voice. This book examines and illustrates Vergil's method of intruding such further voices. In doing so it illuminates with unusual clarity the manner and content of Vergil's communications; it is as if one is taken inside Vergil's workshop, indeed inside his mind.
Review of Mellert-Hoffmann, Untersuchungen zur ‘lphigenie in Au/is’ des Euripides
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is divided into two parts: ‘Die Bedeutung des Krieges in der I.A.’, and ‘Der Prolog der I.A.’. The first part is devoted to the refutation of an article by H. Funke, Hermes 92 (1964) 284-99, who argued that Agamemnon, in his speech to his wife and daughter at 1259ff., by representing the expedition to Troy as of national importance, a deterrent against future barbarian thefts of Greek wives, pursues a line of argument so inconsistent with what has gone before that he must be construed as engineering the deception of a politically naive maiden; and that Iphigenia, when she dies with patriotic sentiments on her lips, is to be interpreted not as a martyr to the cause of Greek womanhood but as the victim of a shabby political trick.
Review of West, Greek Metre
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My most serious disagreements relate to the section on Drama. With the general principles which inform W.’s analyses I have no quarrel. What troubles me is the tolerance of anomalies which others will believe ought not to be tolerated. A generous amount of space is devoted to passages which attest some rare or unexampled phenomenon or break the normal rules, and I could sometimes have wished for less generosity and more scepticism. I shall begin by attempting to justify this stricture. Then I shall offer scattered remarks on other matters of detail.