bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100 protein, neurone specific enolase, and nuclear DNA content in Spitz naevus
Authors: Rode J. , Williams R. A. , Jarvis L. R. , Dhillon A. P. , Jamal O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe differentiation between Spitz naevus and melanoma is at times difficult. The present study was undertaken to define means to positively identify such melanocytic tumours of doubtful malignancy. Immunohistochemical staining intensity for S100 protein and neurone specific enolase (NSE) was measured in sections of 35 Spitz naevi using a microcomputer image analysis system. The data were compared with results previously obtained from 19 cases of malignant melanoma and 16 benign compound naevi. Disaggregated cells from paraffin‐embedded material were stained by the Feulgen technique for DNA estimation. The nuclear DNA content distributions were measured using the same image analysis system. Compared with the malignant cases, the Spitz naevi showed significantly lower staining intensity for both S100 protein (P<0.0001) and NSE (P<0.0001). When compared with the benign compound naevi, the staining intensity was significantly lower for S100 protein (P=0.003). The nuclear DNA distribution in Spitz naevi proved to be a normal diploid pattern in 31 cases. Four cases showed a small proportion of hyperdiploid nuclei. The results show that Spitz naevi can be significantly distinguished from malignant melanoma by staining intensity for S100 protein and NSE. A normal diploid DNA content distribution appears to be typical for Spitz naevi. Spitz and benign compound naevi show dissimilar expression of S100 protein which may indicate different patterns of differentiation in these two types of lesion. The image analysis equipment used in this study is accurate, simple to use, produces results rapidly, and is economic. Therefore, it is clinically practicable.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of liver fatty acid‐binding protein in human hepatocellular malignancies
Authors: Suzuki Toshimitsu , Watanabe Kazuo , Ono Teruo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwenty‐three hepatoblastomas of childhood, sixty‐two adult hepatocellular carcinomas, and two hepatic sarcomas were examined immunohistochemically with the use of a polyclonal antibody against rat liver fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP), which cross‐reacts to human L‐FABP. All the hepatoblastomas and half of the hepatic cell carcinomas contained L‐FABP immunoreactive tumour cells, whereas two hepatic sarcomas were negative. The overall frequency of immunostained tumour cells was 43.5 per cent in hepatoblastomas and 18.6 per cent in hepatocellular carcinomas, respectively. Histologically well‐differentiated areas contained more numerous immunopositive cells than undifferentiated or immature ones. These results indicate that L‐FABP immunoreactivity is a new candidate for a tumour cell marker in hepatic cell malignancies, although its biological role has not been elucidated.
Ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Mathan Minnie M. , Griffin G. E. , Miller A. , Batman P. , Forster S. , Pinching A. , Harris W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructural changes in the jejunal muscosa of 11 male patients, three with clinical AIDS, five with AIDS related complex‐progressive generalized lymphadenopathy (ARC‐PGL), and three who were only HIV antibody positive, were studied. In the enterocytes, major abnormalities were proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial changes, vacuolization of cells, and fat hold up. In the lamina propria, degeneration of enteric nerve axons and smooth muscle were seen. Microvasculature showed both endothelial cell degeneration and hyperplasia. The presence of tubuloreticular inclusions in endothelial cells paralleled the stage of the disease. Since none of the 11 patients had any opportunistic infection, these changes are likely to be the effect of HIV infection.
The c‐erbB‐2 proto‐oncogene in human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hall P. A. , Hughes C. M. , Staddon S. L. , Richman P. I. , Gullick W. J. , Lemoine N. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe c‐erbB‐2 oncogene encodes a 190 kD transmembrane growth factor receptor which is closely related to the EGF receptor and has been found to be amplified and overexpressed in a number of human adenocarcinomas, particularly of the breast. We have analysed, by immunocytochemistry using the 21N antibody, expression of c‐erbB‐2 in a retrospective series of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and examples of histologically normal pancreas. In three cases (21 per cent) of chronic pancreatitis, there were focal areas of cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in regenerating epithelium. In 15 cases (17 per cent) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was seen, while in two cases (2 per cent) strong membrane staining of tumour cells was seen which could be blocked by peptide controls. c‐erbB‐2 immunoreactivity was also demonstrated using a second antibody, 20N, which recognizes another peptide sequence of the c‐erbB‐2 protein. There was no relationship between immunoreactivity and histological subtype or grade, but there was absolute concordance between staining in primary and metastatic deposits. Since the rat homologue (neu) of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene may be activated by a specific point mutation in its transmembrane region, we have analysed 23 cases from this series for mutations by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide hybridization. We were unable to identify activity mutations in this series. These data suggest that there is abnormal expression of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene in nearly 20 per cent of cases although mutational activation of this gene is not seen in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Morphometric definition and grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia
Authors: Tosi P. , Filipe M. I. , Baak J. P. A. , Luzi P. , Santopietro R. , Miracco C. , Sforza V. , Megha T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractType I and type III intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa have been examined using morphometric methods. Tissue (volume per cent gland, lumen, epithelium, goblet cell vacuoles) and nuclear parameters (area, with related standard deviation, and form factors) were used as indicators of gland crowding, nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear atypia, and pleomorphism. In type III intestinal metaplasia, there is significantly (i) greater nuclear pleomorphism, (ii) a higher nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, and (iii) smaller and less numerous goblet cell vacuoles in both the upper and the lower parts of the crypts. These two parameters have significantly higher values in the lower than in the upper part of individual crypts. No cell population with large pleomorphic nuclei characterized type III metaplasia, though there was more variation in nuclear size.
Myopathy of internal anal sphincter with polyglucosan inclusions
Authors: Martin J. E. , Swash M. , Kamm M. A. , Mather K. , Cox E. L. , Gray A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn two members of an affected family with a hereditary syndrome of proctalgia fugax and constipation, a hypertro‐phied internal anal sphincter was found with histological features suggesting a myopathy of this muscle. In these two patients, and in an unrelated patient with a similar clinical syndrome, smooth muscle fibres of the internal anal sphincter showed numerous vacuoles, many of which contained ovoid inclusion bodies. The structural features and histochemical reactions of the inclusion bodies were consistent with a polyglucosan composition. Histological examination of the internal anal sphincter may reveal smooth muscle abnormalities in functional bowel disorders.
The expression of Lewisa and Lewisb antigens reflects changes in fucosylation between normal and neoplastic cervical squamous epithelium
Authors: Sanders D. S. A. , Milne D. M. , Kerr M. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAntibodies against the carbohydrate antigens Lewisa (Lea) and Lewisb (Leb) allow further investigation into the changes in fucosylation of the glycocalyx occurring during the normal and neoplastic development of cervical squamous epithelium. Lea and Leb are expressed on a broad zone of suprabasal cells in normal cervical squamous mucosa often independent of individual Lewis gene and secretor status. A proportion of Lea is expressed in sialylated form. In cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, the progressive dedifferentiation of the squamous mucosa is mirrored by loss of both Lea and Leb expression. In invasive squamous carcinomas, Lea and Leb expression is seen only on cells in areas of differentiation.The expression of Lea and Leb in normal and neoplastic cervical squamous epithelium resembles that of the Lex antigen described by us previously. The structural similarity betweenthese antigens is highlighted and evidence for a common functional role in maintaining the integrity of squamous mucosae is discussed.
Role of sinusoidal pressure in the development of vacuolation in liver cells
Authors: Shibayama Yuro , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Nakata Katsuji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractVacuolation of liver cells, which is often seen in patients with right‐sided heart failure, is sometimes confused with fatty change, but the contents are components of blood. This study was undertaken using an isolated rat liver perfusion model to clarify the pathogenesis of vacuolation of liver cells. It has been demonstrated that (1) hypoxia alone cannot cause vacuolation; (2) elevation of the sinusoidal pressure leads to vacuoles in liver cells, irrespective of the oxygen content of the perfusate; and (3) the number and size of vacuoles are proportional to the height of the sinusoidal pressure, but not to the oxygen content of the perfusate. The reason why vacuolation generally appears in the pericentral area in patients with right‐sided heart failure may be that the sinusoidal pressure in this area rises in parallel with the inferior vena cava pressure.
Analysis of the position of segmental lesions in glomeruliin vasculitic‐type glomerulonephritis and other disorders
Authors: Newbold K. M. , Howie A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method was developed of plotting the position of segmetal lesions in glomeruli on histological sections of kidney. Using a Leitz Imagan semi‐automatic image analyser, the outline of lesions was traced, as was the outline of Bowman's capsule. The centre of gravity of a lesion, computed by the image analyser, was plotted with reference to the line through the hilum and the centre of gravity of the glomerulus, by taking its angle to that line and its proportional distance between that line and Bowman's capsule. Points representing all lesions were transferred onto a circle graphically representing a glomerulus. Lesions in 11 renal biopsies with the glomerular tip lesion were clustered at the tubular origin. Lesions four necropsy kidneys from patients with one kidney were clustered at both the vascular pole and the tubular origin. Lesions in 13 renal biopsies with acute vasculitic‐type glomerulonephritis were shown to be randomly scattered by nearest‐neighbour analysis, after allowance had been made for an edge effect due to the method of plotting lesions and for an area where the arterioles passed through Bowman's capsule. Scientific analysis of the position of segmental lesions is possible and has confirmed previous suggestions that there are at least three general sites in which these lesions can be distributed in glomeruli: at the tip, at the vascular pole, and randomly.
Reduction of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens on invasive and high‐grade transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Tomita Yoshihiko , Matsumoto Yoh , Nishiyama Tsutomu , Fujiwara Michio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe examined immunohistologically the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens, which play important roles in immune reactions, on transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). When stained with monoclonal antibody W6/32 against class I antigens, reduced staining was observed in 34 of 46 TCCs and was virtually absent in 15 of these. The cases showing reduced staining were much more frequent (29 of 34) in high‐ to moderategrade than in low‐grade TCC. Furthermore, class I antigens were reduced in 18 of 19 invasive TCCs, but in 16 of 27 superficial TCCs. Thus, the reduction of class I antigens was correlated significantly with a decreased degree of tumour cell differentiation and the presence of invasion. Class II antigens on TCC showed variable expression and were not related to tumour grade or stage.
Changes in the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens in liver allograft rejection
Authors: Hubscher S. G. , Adams D. H. , Elias E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens was studied in human liver grafts by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies to HLA‐DR, HLA‐DP, and HLA‐DQ antigens. Staining was carried out on frozen sections from 13 normal livers, used as controls, and 85 post‐transplant specimens in six histological categories: acute rejection (n= 25); chronic rejection (n= 21); massive haemorrhagic necrosis (n= 2); resolving acute rejection (n=10); non‐rejection complications—pure cholestasis, ischaemia, biliary obstruction (n= 23); and stable graft function > 1 year post‐transplantation (n= 4). Staining was graded semi‐quantitatively on a scale of 0‐3+ in bile ducts, hepatocytes, and vascular endothelium. Expression of class II antigens was increased in bile ducts, hepatocytes, and vascular endothelium in all of the post‐transplant groups compared with controls. The degree of expression of HLA‐DR and HLA‐DP in bile ducts and vascular endothelium was significantly greater in cases of rejection than in the non‐rejection groups. These observations suggest that increased class II antigen expression may be important in the pathogenesis of immune‐mediated bile duct and endothelial damage in liver allografts. Immunohisto‐chemical staining for class II antigens in post‐transplant biopsies may also be useful as an adjunct to conventional histological diagnosis.
In situ hybridization of immunoglobulin light chain mRNA in paraffin sections using biotinylated or hapten‐labelled oligonucleotide probes
Authors: Pringle James H. , Ruprai Anita K. , Primrose Lindsay , Keyte John , Potter Linda , Close Pauline , Lauder Ian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn in situ hybridization technique has been developed for the detection of immunoglobulin light chain mRNA in routine pathology specimens. The method detects k or λ constant region sequences using a cocktail of synthetic oligonucleotide probes labelled with biotin or fluorescein 5‐isothiocyanate (FITC) reporter molecules. The probes were labelled at flanking sites chemically by primary amine directed acylation and by ‘homopolymer tailing’ with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase using non‐radioactive nucleotide analogues. The mRNA was unmasked in the formalin‐fixed tissue sections by digestion with varying concentrations of proteinase K, and the hybrids were demonstrated using alkaline phosphatase with either a streptavidin/biotin based four‐stage system or an anti‐FITC antibody based detection system. Alkaline phosphatase was visualized using a Fast Red naphthol‐capture method and the sections were counterstained with haematoxylin.The results confirm that the method is specific for k or λ mRNA and show that specific mRNAs can be detected in routine formalin‐fixed sections using non‐radioactive techniques with retention of good morphology. The method reliably detects light chain mRNA in cells expressing secretory immunoglobulin. The protocol can also be applied to tissue rich in endogenous biotin by using hapten‐labelled probes.
In situ distribution of transforming growth factor α in normal human tissues and in malignant tumours of the ovary
Authors: Kommoss Friedrich , Wintzer Hanns Olof , Kleist Sabine Von , Kohler Manuela , Walker Roger , Langton Beatrice , van Tran Kim , Pfleiderer Albrecht , Bauknecht Thomas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α) in human normal tissues from the uterus, Fallopian tube, ovary, small and large intestine, lung, spleen, kidney, and skin was studied by immunohistochemistry. TGF‐α was found in epidermis, bronchial epithelium, intestinal mucosa, renal tubules, endo‐ as well as in exocervical and endometrial epithelium, and in the serous epithelium of the Fallopian tube. No TGF‐α was detected in the stromal components of any of the tissues nor in any of the pre‐ and post‐menopausal ovaries studied. Twenty‐nine ovarian tumours including 23 ovarian carcinomas, one malignant mixed Muellerian tumour, two ovarian metastases of gastrointestinal carcinomas, one dysgerminoma, one sarcoma, and one fibroma were studied for TGF‐α by the same immunohistochemical method. In 25 cases, specific cytoplasmic staining for TGF‐α of epithelial tumour cells could be demonstrated. The pattern and intensity of the TGF‐α immunostain varied among the TGF‐α‐positive tumours. No TGF‐α was found by immunohistochemistry in the remaining four cases nor in the stromal tumour components of any of the lesions studied. Northern blot analysis for TGF‐α mRNA was performed on 12 of the tumours. While the immunohistochemistry and blotting results correlated well in ten cases, discordant results were obtained in two lesions.
c‐erbB‐2 oncogene expression in ovarian cancer
Authors: Haldane J. S. , Hird V. , Hughes C. M. , Gullick W. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOne hundred and four common epithelial malignancies of the ovary were stained for c‐erbB‐2 using an affinity‐purified polyclonal antibody 21N. Twenty‐three out of 104 (22·1 per cent) showed cytoplasmic staining alone. Nine out of 104 (8·7 per cent) showed both membrane and cytoplasmic staining. In a multivariate Cox analysis with other known risk factors the relative risk for cytoplasmic staining alone was 1·456 (χ2=1·71, P>0·1) and for membrane and cytoplasmic staining 0·316 (χ2=7·95, P < 0·005). These results do not support an adverse prognostic effect of c‐erbB‐2 in our patients.
Helicobacter pylori infection of gastric mucin cell metaplasia: The duodenum revisited
Authors: Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Molyvas E. Noydas , Hoedemaeker Philip J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histological material of 158 Billroth II gastrectomy specimens, used for a former study that established a relationship between duodenal ulcers and the presence of gastric metaplastic epithelium in the duodenal bulb, was reinvestigated for the presence of Helicobacter pylori. The results show that in all duodenal ulcer patients with gastric mucin cell metaplasia H. pylori colonized the metaplastic epithelium accompanied by an inflammatory response. The intestinal mucosa was always negative for H. pylori. H. pylori‐positive patients also had the micro‐organism in their gastric antrum. The results further support the hypothesis that infection of gastric mucosa in the bulb by H. pylori underlies duodenal ulcer disease.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolocalization in paraffin sections: An index of cell proliferation with evidence of deregulated expression in some, neoplasms
Authors: Hall P. A. , Levison D. A. , Woods A. L. , Yu C. C.‐W. , Kellock D. B. , Watkins J. A. , Barnes D. M. , Gillett C. E. , Camplejohn R. , Dover R. , Waseem N. H. , Lane D. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36 kD nuclear protein associated with the cell cycle. A monoclonal antibody, PC10, that recognizes a fixation and processing resistant epitope has been used to investigate its tissue distribution. Nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity is found in the proliferative compartment of normal tissues. PCNA immunoreactivity is induced in lectin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in parallel with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and the number of cells with PCNA immunoreactivity is reduced by induction of differentiation in HL60 cells. In non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas a linear relation between Ki67 and PCNA staining was demonstrated. These data suggest that in normal tissues and lymphoid neoplasms, PCNA immunolocalization can be used as an index of cell proliferation. However, in some forms of neoplasia, including breast and gastric cancer and in vitro cell lines, the simple relation between PCNA expression and cell proliferation is lost. In some breast and pancreatic tumours there is apparent deregulation of PCNA with increased expression in tissues adjacent to the tumours. The over‐expression in some tumours and in adjacent morphologically normal tissue may represent autocrine or paracrine growth factor influence on PCNA gene expression.
Glutathione s‐transferase detoxication enzymes in cervical neoplasia
Authors: Carder Pauline J. , Al‐Nafussi Awatif , Rahilly Maeve , Lauder John , Harrison David J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAltered expression of the glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) has been implicated in the progression to tumour after exposure to carcinogens, and GST Pi has been suggested as a possible marker of preneoplasia in the cervix.We have studied expression of the GST isoenzymes in normal cervix, non‐dysplastic cervical condylomata, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix using immunocytochemistry. An increase in GST Pi in CIN as compared with normal cervix was paralleled by a reduction in the expression of microsomal GST. Similar changes were seen in cervical condylomata and immature squamous metaplasia, and thus neither isoenzyme is a marker of dysplasia. Microsomal GST was expressed in only 66 per cent of cases and in 22 per cent showed strong expression in vascular endothelium.These findings are of particular interest in view of the association between cervical carcinoma and cigarette smoking. Differences between individuals in the ability to detoxify environmental carcinogens may influence the likelihood of progression from benign proliferation to invasive malignancy.
Comparative endotoxin‐induced hepatic injury in young and aged rats
Authors: Durham Stephen K. , Brouwer Adriaan , Barelds Roel J. , Horan Michael A. , Knook Dick L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that aged rats are more susceptible to the lethal effects of endotoxin (ET) than young rats. The early (15 min to 7 h) hepatic ultrastructural and biochemical changes induced by ET in young (6 months) and aged (24 months) rats were evaluated to elucidate cell populations and/or the mechanisms that may be responsible for the previously observed differential effects. Aged rats given ET had significantly increased numbers of neutrophils in hepatic sinusoids at 30 min and thereafter as compared with ET‐treated young rats. Morphologic evidence of coagulation within hepatic sinusoids, including aggregates of fibrin enmeshed among polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelet aggregates, was frequently observed in ET‐treated aged rats but not in ET‐treated young rats. In contrast, Kupffer cells of ET‐treated young rats frequently contained phagocytized neutrophils and platelets, whereas this phenomenon was rarely observed in Kupffer cells of ET‐treated aged rats. Hepatocellular morphologic injury was more pronounced and occurred at earlier time periods in ET‐treated aged rats, and was accompanied by significant increase in hepatic transaminases. ET‐treated aged rats had an earlier onset and greater severity of endothelial cell injury than did ET‐treated young rats. The results of this study indicate a greater aggregation of blood elements in the hepatic sinusoids of aged rats following the intravenous administration of ET, which suggests that a greater diminution in microcirculation was induced in aged rats by ET. Additionally, the increased phagocytosis of inflammatory cells by Kupffer cells of young rats may be a mechanism which affords protection against endotoxin‐induced lethality.