bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine safety: Background incidence rates of anaphylaxis, myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and mortality in South Korea using a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Jeong Hye Su , Chun Byung Chul 
Published: February 2024

Background
To properly assess an association between vaccines and specific adverse events requires a comparison between the observed and background rates; however, studies in South Korea are currently limited. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the background incidence of anaphylaxis, myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and mortality in South Korea.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Sample Cohort (NSC) data. Using NSC, the background incidence rate was estimated by dividing the number of episodes during 2009–2019 by the total population by year and then multiplying by 100,000. Using Statistics Korea data, the background mortality rate was estimated by dividing the number of deaths, during 2009–2019 by the standard population for that year and then multiplying by 100,000. Using background mortality rates, we predicted mortality rates for 2021 using autoregressive integrated moving average models. Further, the expected mortality rates were compared with observed mortality rates.

Results
The age-adjusted incidence rate (AIR) of anaphylaxis increased from 4.28 to 22.90 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.003); myocarditis showed no significant increase, changing from 0.56 to 1.26 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.276); pericarditis increased from 0.94 to 1.88 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.005); and GBS increased from 0.78 to 1.21 cases per 100,000 population (p = 0.013). The age-adjusted mortality rate decreased from 645.24 to 475.70 deaths per 100,000 population (p <0.001). The 2021 observed/expected mortality rates for overall (ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.08), men (ratio: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.07–1.08), and women (ratio: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07–1.09), were all significantly higher. When stratified by age group, those aged ≥80 (ratio: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.15–1.17), 60–69 (ratio: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10–1.13), and 20–29 years old (ratio: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13) were also significantly higher.

Conclusion
Through the estimation of background rates related to anaphylaxis, myocarditis, pericarditis, GBS, and mortality, we established a reference point for evaluating the potential excess occurrence of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. This reference point serves as substantive evidence supporting the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines.
Association of a high rate of glycolysis and the activity of the uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in the blood cells of patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis and the development of postoperative pain
Authors: Chetina E. B. , Markova G. A. , Glemba K. E. , Makarov M. A. 
Published: February 2024

Objective: to investigate the relationship between the expression of genes mediating cellular energy production and the development of chronic postoperative pain (CPP) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA).Material and methods. Prior to TKA, the blood of 50 patients with stage III–IV knee OA and complaints of constant pain and joint dysfunction was analyzed. The control group consisted of 26 healthy individuals. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), a short BPI questionnaire and the WOMAC index, and the presence of neuropathic pain was assessed using the DN4 and PainDETECT questionnaires. The development of CPP was determined 3 and 6 months after TKA. Total RNA isolated from blood was used to determine the expression of PKM2, LDH, SDH, AMPKα, PDH, IDH, MDH and ATP synthase genes by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Results and discussion. CPP ≥30 mm according to VAS was detected in 17 patients. Before TKA, the expression of all analyzed genes was significantly increased compared to that of the control group. However, there were no differences in clinical, pain-related and functional indicators in the analyzed group of patients with OA. Before surgery, patients who subsequently developed CPP had significantly higher expression of genes related to glycolysis (PKM2, LDH), Krebs cycle – KC (SDH) and master regulator of energy metabolism (AMPKα) than patients who were satisfied with the results of TKA. At the same time, no differences were found in the expression of PDH and other KC enzyme genes (IDH, MDH) and ATP synthase in patients with and without CPP.Conclusion. The development of CPP is associated with a higher rate of glycolysis and energy deficiency, presumably due to the higher uncoupling activity of oxidation and phosphorylation that can be observed before TKA.
Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles to improve antibacterial activity using C. fenestratum leaf extracts
Authors: Banerjee Subhamay , Gunasekaran Madhan , S Hitha , Prakash Ruchi , S Arunima , Kashyap Suman 
Published: February 2024

In this study, the silver nanoparticles have been green synthesized using C.fenestratum. Synthesized silver nanoparticles have been preliminary validated by the color change to rusty brown from greenish yellow and UV spectroscopy. Morphological analysis through FE-SEM showed cubic and spherical shape of synthesized nanoparticles and the diameter of the synthesized nanoparticles range from 30.18 to 184.89nm.The (EDS) energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy spectrum has confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs .The peaks around 400 cm ?1to 600 cm ?1in the IR spectrum indicated the vibration of metals- oxygen (Ag-O), whereas band at 1365.60 cm ?1 and 1357.89 cm ?1 shows the hydroxyl group bending which confirms the synthesis of nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against E.coli with 20±0.3 mm (Zone of inhibition).
Thermoacidophilic β-fructofuranosidase induced with soybean meal produced by a new Aspergillus flavus isolated from the Atlantic Forest
Authors: De Andrades Diandra , Inagaki Tatiane Sayuri , Lopez Karg Lucas Alejandro , Yassuda Minomo Fabíola Ayumi , Sartori Brandão Natália , Henn Caroline , Maller Alexandre , Da Conceição Silva José Luis , Garcia Simão Rita de Cássia , Kimiko Kadowaki Marina 
Published: February 2024

High production of β-fructofuranosidase was obtained with the new fungus Aspergillus flavus isolated from the Atlantic Forest under solid state fermentation supplemented with soybean meal (53.36 U/ml). This beta-fructofuranosidase obtained after six days of cultivation with soybean meal was partially purified by DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatographic columns, with a final yield of 19%, with an apparent molecular mass of 37 KDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 5.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme showed stability with 70% residual activity after 12 hours in the acid pH range (5.0 and 5.5), while at temperatures from 45 ºC to 55 ºC the enzyme showed stability greater than 50%. Therefore, the characteristics of this thermoacidophilic β-fructofuranosidase from A. flavus presents potential for use in several biotechnological processes.
Validation and verification framework and data integration of biosensors and in vitro diagnostic devices: a position statement of the IFCC Committee on Mobile Health and Bioengineering in Laboratory Medicine (C-MBHLM) and the IFCC Scientific Division
Authors: Gruson Damien , Cobbaert Christa , Dabla Pradeep Kumar , Stankovic Sanja , Homsak Evgenija , Kotani Kazuhiko , Samir Assaad Ramy , Nichols James H. , Gouget Bernard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Advances in technology have transformed healthcare and laboratory medicine. Biosensors have emerged as a promising technology in healthcare, providing a way to monitor human physiological parameters in a continuous, real-time, and non-intrusive manner and offering value and benefits in a wide range of applications. This position statement aims to present the current situation around biosensors, their perspectives and importantly the need to set the framework for their validation and safe use. The development of a qualification framework for biosensors should be conceptually adopted and extended to cover digitally measured biomarkers from biosensors for advancing healthcare and achieving more individualized patient management and better patient outcome.
Limits of Metacognitive Prompts for Confidence Judgments in an Interactive Learning Environment
Authors: Klar Maria , Buchner Josef , Kerres Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metacognitive activities are reported to improve learning but prompts to support metacognition have only been investigated with mixed results. In the present study, metacognitive prompts for confidence judgments were implemented in a learning platform to provide more insights into their effectiveness and their limits. Comparing the prompted group (n = 51) with the control (n = 150), no benefits of the prompts are seen: Performance is not better with prompts, and there is no improvement in metacognitive accuracy over time within the prompted group. Notably, half of the prompted group did not use the metacognitive prompts as intended. Alternative ways to integrate such prompts are discussed.
Effect of particle volume fraction on wear behavior in Al–SiC MMC coated on DIN AlZnMgCu1.5 alloy
Authors: Ballikaya Hasan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, DIN AlZnMgCu1.5 alloy surface (Al + SiC) was coated with metal matrix composite (MMC) by using hot press sintering method (HPSM). Al was used as matrix material and SiC powders were used as reinforcing material in the coating process on DIN AlZnMgCu1.5 alloy surface. Al/SiC MMC coating was produced at 600 °C under 120 MPa pressure and with varying SiC content (5, 10 and 15 vol.%). Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the microstructure, elemental analysis and phase structure of both the coating zone and the transition zone between the substrate and the coating. The hardness was measured and a dry sliding linear reciprocating wear test was run to determine the mechanical properties of the coating layer. Consequently, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear volume were determined. OM and SEM images showed a homogeneous distribution of SiC particles and a less porous structure. The hardness of the MMC coating increased with increasing SiC content. Also, the numerical analysis of the wear test simulation was done based on Archard’s law. The results of both wear tests showed that the volume loss values were consistent with each other and the amount of wear significantly reduced by increasing the rate of SiC reinforcement.
Troeltsch liest Semler (und Lessing). Exemplarische Beobachtungen zur problemgeschichtlichen Fundierung der europäischen Kultursynthese in den Rezensionen und Kritiken
Authors: Stallmann Marco 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study examines for the first time Ernst Troeltsch’s discussion of Johann Salomo Semler and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in the reviews and criticisms and thus makes a contribution to the historicization of his Enlightenment interpretation and his reflective historicism. The analyzed reviews show Troeltsch as an intimate connoisseur of the 18th century history of theology, who did not let his differentiated concept of modernity become one-sided in contemporary diagnostic interest, but developed it in a critical examination of cultural-historical Enlightenment research. The analysis shows in an exemplary way how Troeltsch critically and in his own language makes historical sources and literary studies his own, in order to locate himself in the analyzed cultural-historical overall picture with this appropriation. An in-depth section highlights the reflection of his review work in the different text versions of his Kant and Protestantism studies, including insightful handwritten notes.
The philosophical-theological notion of Gegenwart: its adoption by Hans Jonas and its historical development
Authors: Settimo Luca 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Gegenwart is a German word which can be translated into English with the words Presence and/or Present in the “here and now,” but it can also imply the notion of “timelessness.” Different philosophers and theologians have used this word but I will argue that the richness of this word has often been “lost in translation” and thus the connotations of this German term need tobe explored in more detail to fully grasp what the authors intended to express when they used this word. As a case study, I will focus on how the famous thinker Hans Jonas uses this word in his writings showing the strong correlation with his understanding of good human actions performed before God, in agreement with his ethical approach built on the principle of human responsibility. This article also aims to illustrate the historical development of the concept of Gegenwart. This task will be achieved by analysing how several scholars (contemporaries of or preceding Jonas) have used the concept of Gegenwart over different periods of time and how this ultimately influenced Jonas.
St Justin Popović and the “Patristic Turn”
Authors: Jeftić Andrej 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Saint Justin Popovićis well known as a key protagonist of the patristic revival in Serbian theology of the twentieth century. This paper explores the way that this revival took place in his theology by analysing his patristic works, basic features of his patristic hermeneutics and discussing possible influences which enabled him to participate in what was, at the time, the emerging theological trend. His two key patristic works on St Macarius of Egypt and St Isaak the Syrian are analysed as they provide valuable information on Fr Justin’s approach to the patristic texts. Focus is also laid on his dogmatic works which reveal his understanding of the role of the patristic legacy in Orthodox theology, as well as on his exegetical works in which patristic authors are often and substantially engaged with. Three basic features of Fr Justin’s patristic hermeneutics are discussed: (1) his synthetic approach, founded on his understanding of catholicity (sobornost); (2) his emphasis on spiritual experience; and (3) his focus on the obtaining of sainthood as the ultimate goal of the patristic investigations. Three key streams of Russian religious thought, it is claimed, had a crucial impact on Fr Justin’s theological reasoning in general, and on his understanding of the patristic revival, in particular. Besides the theological influences, as evidenced in Russian philokalic tradition and theological figures among which Metropolitan Khrapovitsky plays a major role, the substantial contribution of Russian religious philosophy is also emphasized. In conclusion, it is argued that although Fr Justin’s turn to the patristic tradition exhibits some of the qualities of the neo-patristic synthesis, it lacks the programmatic character as evidenced in the case of Georges Florovsky’s theology. I show that Fr Justin participates in the “patristic turn”, a phenomenon which may be perceived as analogous to the “linguistic turn” that happened in the 20th century philosophy, and not necessarily in neo-patristic theology as such.
Effects of Testing Rate and Age on ASTM C 1018 Toughness Parameters and their Precision for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Johnston CD 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first-crack strength and toughness parameters of steel fiber-reinforced beams were determined according to ASTM Test Method for Flexural Toughness and First-Crack Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third-Point Loading) (C 1018–92). The objective was to establish the effects of the testing rate, defined in terms of machine stroke, and concrete age at test on Method C 1018 test results. Machine stroke rate varies from the standard specified in Method C 1018 to 20 times the standard rate. Concrete age at test varies from 3 to 92 days. Sets of four beams were tested at each of five stroke rates and five test ages. Linear regression analyses show statistically significant increases in first-crack strength with increase in machine stroke rate or test age. Similar analyses show that in most cases toughness indices and residual strength factors are not affected by machine stroke rate or test age to a statistically significant degree.
Analysis of a Canadian Database of Mortar-Cube Strengths: The Move Toward a Canadian Performance Standard for Portland Cement
Authors: Day RL 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper reports on a statistical analysis of a large database of mortar-cube strengths from Canadian cement plants. The objective of the analysis was to provide summary data for decisions to be made concerning performance specifications for Canadian Standard CAN/CSA-A5 on portland cement. In particular, the suitability of the present limits on minimum strengths and the possibility of defining both lower and upper bounds for strength for various types of cements at various ages was examined.
Based on the statistical analysis, it is suggested that, at selected ages, establishment of lower and upper limits approximately three standard deviations from the mean strength are feasible and would probably be acceptable to all cement manufacturers in Canada. It appears that only two classifications for strength need to be established: one for Types 10, 20, and 50 cements (ASTM Types I, II, and V) and the other for Type 30 (ASTM Type III) cement.
Although a positive correlation is shown between surface area and some strength values, the scatter is so large that practical use of the correlation for the development of standards is unlikely.
The New Cement Standard in Australia—Its Implication and Further Development
Authors: Guirguis S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Performance-based standards and specifications state the characteristics desired by users without regard to the specific means to be employed in producing the product. This concept is the basis of the new Australian standard for cement, AS 3972 Portland and Blended Cements. The new Australian standard for cement was published in 1991 as a performance-based specification. An overview of the major features of this standard is presented together with background information on its development and current implications. Work is continuing in some areas to establish additional performance tests and criteria. The paper also outlines the testing programs currently being undertaken by the cement industry in Australia to establish these additional tests and criteria.
Testing and Evaluation of Metal-Plate-Connected Wood Truss Joints
Authors: Vatovec M , Gupta R , Miller T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Five different types of metal-plate-connected (MPC) wood joints from a scissors truss were tested to evaluate their behavior. All joints were tested in a unique testing apparatus where in-plane loads along with moments were applied to simulate loads carried by the truss members. Strength, stiffness, and failure modes for bottom chord splice joints at web (BSJ), heel joints (HJ), crown joints (CJ), bottom chord ridge joints (BRJ), and top chord splice joints at web (TSJ) were reported. The average strengths of the BSJ, HJ, CJ, BRJ, and TSJ were 51 200 N, 49 800 N, 33 000 N, 52 300 N, and 43 100 N, respectively. The average values of the rotational stiffness were 245 440 kNmm/rad, 249 600 kNmm/rad, 103 700 kNmm/rad, and 33 800 kNmm/rad for BSJ, HJ, BRJ, and TSJ, respectively. Average transitional stiffness values were 61.7 kN/mm for BSJ, 29.2 kN/mm for HJ, and 40.2 kN/mm for BRJ. The majority of bottom chord joints failed in plate tearing, whereas top chord joints generally failed in a web member withdrawal mode. The joint stiffness data were used in a preliminary finite element (FE) analysis of the same truss, and the analytical results compared well to actual full-scale truss test results. Stiffness and strength data will be used in a future FE study.
Titanium Cerebral Aneurysm Clips: Characterization and Performance in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
Authors: Ho JC , Wu CY , Carron MJ , Maughan KP , Schmidt FJ 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cerebral aneurysm clips often cause artifacts and image distortion in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). For MRI with rather strong magnetic fields B, which are near 2 tesla currently and may go higher, there are further concerns in terms of the interactions between the clips and the magnetic field. These interactions are materials dependent. Ferromagnetic materials have extremely high magnetic susceptibility χ and exhibit magnetic hysteresis. When they are placed in a magnetic field not parallel with the magnetization, a torque would be exerted on them to cause deflection. Paramagnetic materials exhibit low magnetic susceptibility, and develop an induced magnetization in direct proportion to the applied field. This magnetization is always in the direction of the applied field, hence no torque would be expected. However, magnetic force always prevails as F = mχB(dB/dz), where m is the clip mass and dB/dz is the field gradient.
Large forces can lead to clip movement, resulting in more risk to the patient. To reduce these complications, new aneurysm clips made of light-weight titanium metal have been developed. These clips have much-improved characteristics over the cobalt-alloy products currently being used in neurosurgery. They have significantly smaller magnetic susceptibility and lower density. Consequently, they are subjected to less magnetic force and produce much reduced artifact and image distortion in MRI and CT environments. Test results also include those from scanning electron micrographic and mechanical analyses.
Expanded Windows for Titanium Use in the Pulp/Paper Peroxide Bleach Plant
Authors: Schutz RW , Xiao M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A corrosion database for Grade 2 titanium derived from laboratory weight-loss testing has been developed in uninhibited and inhibited alkaline 0.2–0.3 wt% H2O2 solutions at 65° to 85°C. Although titanium resistance to uninhibited hot alkaline peroxide solutions is very limited, useful resistance dramatically expands in solutions containing inhibitive species commonly existing in bleach plant processes. Effective inhibitors in descending order include Ca+2 ions, silicates, and Mg+2 salts. Addition of EDTA and DTPA chelants has no detrimental effect on Ca+2 ion inhibition unless chelant is added to excess. Based on this corrosion database, expanded application guidelines for acceptable use of Grade 2 titanium in solutions containing a maximum of 0.3 wt% H2O2 are derived at 65, 70, 80, and 85°C as a function of Ca+2 ion concentrations.