bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Earthquake Clustering Using a Density-Adaptive DBSCAN Algorithm: An Example from Iran
Authors: Sabermahani Sina , Frederiksen Andrew W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
DBSCAN is a widely used unsupervised machine learning algorithm for clustering and spatial data analysis. However, the accuracy of the algorithm is highly dependent on the selection of its hyperparameters, minimum samples (Smin), the minimum number of points required to form a cluster, and ϵ, the maximum distance between points. In this study, we propose a modification to the DBSCAN algorithm by introducing an event density map replacing Smin and ε. Through this method, we decrease the number of hyperparameters from two to one, N which represents the number of cells in the event density map, simplifying, and speeding up optimization. As a result, the optimization of the algorithm will be improved as the sole factor to consider is the size of each cell. In addition, the utilization of dynamic Smin will provide more effective clustering because it is better suited to regions that have a variable earthquake density. We used the Iranian earthquake catalog for testing the algorithm, and we compared the outcomes to the Mirzaei et al. (1998) model as a standard for evaluation. Because this algorithm allows for density contrasts between clusters, it can be a good indicator when studying the zonation of a new area. The findings were more consistent than those of other methods and may offer additional insight into the seismotectonic of Iran. Other than earthquake studies, this algorithm can be applied in multiple fields of science and engineering for clustering datasets with variable-density clusters.
Relationship between Age, Hypertension, and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Rabbani Ahmad Zahid , Satyagraha Paksi , Irnandi Dicky Faizal 
Published: December 2023

Based on epidemiological data, the incidence of ED and BPH increases with the same risk factors, such as age, metabolic disease, and others. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED and its relationship to age and the presence of hypertension (HT) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) comorbid in BPH patients. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar and Hermina Hospital Tangku-banprahu Malang utilizes two questionnaires, including the translated version of The Interna-tional Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and Erectile Hardness Score (EHS) in Indonesian. There were 44 research subjects with only 21 respondents to the IIEF-5 question-naire, while the EHS questionnaire was given to all subjects. The prevalence of ED was found to reach 100.0% at the age of 70-79 years through the IIEF-5 questionnaire and aged ³ 80 years through the EHS questionnaire. The prevalence of ED in BPH patients with HT was found to be higher than non-HT patients through both questionnaires. The prevalence of ED in BPH patients with T2DM was found to be higher through the IIEF-5 questionnaire and slight-ly lower through the EHS questionnaire than non-T2DM patients. Age had a significant rela-tionship with ED through the EHS questionnaire (p = 0.006), while no significant relationship was found through the IIEF-5 questionnaire (p = 1.000). HT and T2DM did not have a signif-icant relationship with ED (IIEF-5: p = 0.229 and 0.526; EHS: p = 0.518 and 1.000). The prevalence of ED in BPH patients increases with age and the presence of comorbid HT and T2DM. Even so, there was no significant relationship between HT and T2DM with ED in BPH patients. A significant relationship between age and ED was only found in the EHS questionnaire but not in the IIEF-5 questionnaire.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Pencucian Uang melalui Aset Kripto
Authors: Jihan Nahdah Rachmahdani  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Indonesia as a country that allows cryptocurrencies but limits the use of cryptocurrencies, namely only as an investment, not as a legal means of payment as regulated in the Currency Law. As an alternative, cryptocurrencies are categorized as commodity futures in the form of assets called crypto assets whose operations will be supervised by Bappebti. However, certain crypto assets can be an alternative for perpetrators of money laundering crimes to disguise the proceeds of their crimes. The type of research used is legal research with a conceptual approach, legislation, and cases. Suggestions that can be submitted are: (a) International cooperation to facilitate tracking of crypto assets stored in crypto asset exchange service wallets abroad (b) increase vigilance and caution towards the parties concerned, especially Bappebti dan PPATK, and asset traders cryptocurrencies to report any suspicious financial transactions electronically and protect against cyber attacks related to crypto asset transactions that have the potential to lead to money laundering.
Keywords: Money Laundering, Crypto Assets, Accountability of Defendant.

Abstrak
Indonesia sebagai negara yang mengizinkan cryptocurrency akan tetapi membatasi penggunaan cryptocurrency yaitu hanya sebagai investasi bukan sebagai alat pembayaran yang sah sebagaimana yang diatur dalam UU Mata Uang. Sebagai alternatifnya, cryptocurrency dikategorikan sebagai barang berjangka komoditi dalam bentuk aset yang disebut aset kripto yang penyelenggaraannya akan diawasi oleh Bappebti. Namun, aset kripto tertentu dapat menjadi alternatif bagi pelaku tindak pidana pencucian uang untuk menyamarkan dana hasil kejahatannya. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan konseptual, perundang- undangan, dan kasus. Saran yang dapat disampaikan adalah: (a) Kerjasama Internasional untuk mempermudah pelacakan terhadap aset kripto yang tersimpan pada wallet layanan pertukaran aset kripto di luar negeri (b) meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan kehati- hatian terhadap pihak yang bersangkutan, utamanya Bappebti, PPATK, dan pedagang aset fisik kripto untuk melaporkan setiap transaksi keuangan yang mencurigakan secara elektronik dan melindungi serangan siber yang berkaitan dengan transaksi aset kripto yang berpotensi mengarah pada pencucian uang.
Kata Kunci: Pencucian Uang, Aset Kripto, Pertanggungjawaban Pelaku.
Analisis Hukum Penerapan Konvensi Jenewa 1949 ke IV atas Pelanggaran Hak Perlindungan Sipil dalam Konflik Kashmir
Authors: Nainggolan Simon K. Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Kashmir has a distinctive territorial status, in which the Kashmir region is controlled by three countries namely India, Pakistan, and China. India in fulfilling the rights of the Kashmiri people-imposed Article 370 on the Special Status of Jammu and Kashmir, but in 2019, India revoked the rule. In resolving a conflict, an international agreement can be formed. In this conflict, the two countries violated the rules contained in the Simla Agreement, and the 1949 Geneva Conventions. The war between the two countries took a lot of victims, namely civilians. The United Nations has tried to help make the conflict unsustainable, but these efforts have failed. The purpose of this research is to discuss the lack of attention from the international community to this conflict. In addition, this research will analyze the impacts that occur due to violations of the 1949 Geneva Convention as well as solutions using regulatory-legislative, conceptualization and historical approaches.
Keywords: Conflict, Civil Protection, Geneva Convention

Abstrak
Kashmir memiliki status wilayah yang khas, yang mana wilayah Kashmir dikontrol oleh tiga negara yaitu India, Pakistan, dan Cina. India dalam memenuhi hak dari masyarakat Kashmir memberlakukan Pasal 370 tentang Status Khusus Jammu dan Kashmir, namun pada tahun 2019, India mencabut aturan tersebut. Dalam menyelesaikan suatu konflik, dapat dibentuk Perjanjian Internasional. Dalam proses konflik yang terjadi antara India dan Pakistan, kedua negara melanggar aturan-aturan yang terdapat dalam Perjanjian Simla, dan Konvensi Jenewa 1949, khususnya yang ke-IV tentang perlindungan sipil pada saat perang. Perang kedua negara tersebut banyak memakan korban yaitu warga sipil. PBB telah berupaya untuk membantu agar konflik tersebut tidak berkelanjutan, namun upaya tersebut dapat dikatakan gagal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas mengenai kurangnya perhatian masyarakat internasional atas konflik ini. Selain itu, dari penelitian ini diharapkan adanya analisa terhadap dampak yang terjadi akibat pelanggaran Konvensi Jenewa 1949 serta solusi dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan historis
Kata Kunci: Konflik, Perlindungan Sipil, Konvensi Jenewa
Fungal and bacterial gut microbiota differ between Clostridioides difficile colonization and infection
Authors: Henderickx Jannie G.E. , Crobach Monique J.T. , Terveer Elisabeth M. , Smits Wiep Klaas , Kuijper Ed J. , Zwittink Romy D. 
Published: December 2023

Aim: The bacterial microbiota is well-recognized for its role in Clostridioides difficile colonization and infection, while fungi and yeasts remain understudied. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of the mycobiota and its interactions with the bacterial microbiota in light of C. difficile colonization and infection.
Methods: The mycobiota was profiled by ITS2 sequencing of fecal DNA from C. difficile infection (CDI) patients (n = 29), asymptomatically C. difficile colonization (CDC) patients (n = 38), and hospitalized controls with C. difficile negative stool culture (controls; n = 38). Previously published 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of the same cohort were used additionally for machine learning and fungal-bacterial network analysis.
Results: CDI patients were characterized by a significantly higher abundance of Candida spp. (MD 0.270 ± 0.089, P = 0.002) and Candida albicans (MD 0.165 ± 0.082, P = 0.023) compared to controls. Additionally, they were deprived of Aspergillus spp. (MD -0.067 ± 0.026, P = 0.000) and Penicillium spp. (MD -0.118 ± 0.043, P = 0.000) compared to CDC patients. Network analysis revealed a positive association between several fungi and bacteria in CDI and CDC, although the analysis did not reveal a direct association between Clostridioides spp. and fungi. Furthermore, the microbiota machine learning model outperformed the models based on the mycobiota and the joint microbiota-mycobiota model. The microbiota classifier successfully distinguished CDI from CDC [Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) = 0.884] and CDI from controls (AUROC = 0.905). Blautia and Bifidobacterium were marker genera associated with CDC patients and controls.
Conclusion: The gut mycobiota differs between CDI, CDC, and controls and may affect Clostridioides spp. through indirect interactions. The mycobiota data alone could not successfully discriminate CDC from controls or CDI patients and did not have additional predictive value to the bacterial microbiota data. The identification of bacterial marker genera associated with CDC and controls warrants further investigation.
Quadratus lumborum block versus fascia iliaca compartment block for acetabular fracture surgery by Stoppa method: A double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Mirkheshti Alireza , Hashemian Morteza , Abtahi Dariush , Shayegh Sara , Manafi-Rasi Alireza , Sayadi Shahram , Memary Elham , Karami Nazli , Rostamian Baharak , Shakeri Alireza 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Acetabular fracture surgeries are frequently accompanied by protracted and severe perioperative pain, and there is no consensus on optimal pain relief management.
Aim: This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in patients with acetabular fractures undergoing surgery using the Stoppa method.
Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial, adult patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for acetabular fracture surgery, in Imam-Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran (IRCT20191114045435N1), were randomly divided into two groups: FICB (n = 22) and QLB (n = 24). The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain intensity at different times for all participants. In addition, the dose of fentanyl required to induce the patient to sit for spinal anesthesia and the pain intensity was evaluated. Moreover, the duration of analgesia and the total amount of morphine consumed in the first 24 h following surgery were evaluated, analyzed, and compared between the two study groups.
Results: FICB and QLB demonstrated effective comparative postoperative analgesic profiles following acetabular fracture surgery; however, no significant differences in VAS values were observed between the two groups during the study. FICB experienced reduced cumulative fentanyl consumption during spinal anesthetic placement, whereas QLB had a significantly lower total morphine demand in the initial postoperative 24-h period.
Conclusion: The lateral QLB and FICB can be introduced as effective routes for analgesia in acetabular fracture surgery using the Stoppa method.
Comparative Efficacy of Prophylactic Protocols in Reducing Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Radical Lung Cancer Surgery
Authors: Zhang Weiguang , Shen Zhimin , Jiang Junfei , Zhu Shujing , Zhang Peipei , Chen Sui , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Lung cancer, a global mortality leader, often necessitates Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery. However, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common, highlighting a need for effective management and prevention strategies in this context. Method A retrospective case-control study at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital evaluated patients undergoing VATS radical lung cancer surgery between May and September 2022. Patients were categorized based on PONV prevention methods, and data encompassing demographics, surgical history, and postoperative side effects were analyzed to assess the association between prophylactic protocols and PONV incidence. Results The Netupitant and Palonosetron Hydrochloride (NEPA) group showed a significant reduction in PONV occurrences post-surgery compared to Ondansetron (ONDA) and Normal Control (NC) groups, emphasizing NEPA's efficacy in alleviating PONV symptoms (P < 0.05). Furthermore, following radical VATS radical lung cancer surgeries, NEPA markedly reduced the intensity of PONV symptoms in patients. Both univariate and multivariate logistic analyses corroborated that NEPA independently reduces PONV risk, with its protective effect also apparent in susceptible populations like females and non-smokers. Conclusions NEPA utilization markedly reduced both the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing VATS radical lung cancer surgery, serving as an independent protective factor in mitigating PONV risk post-surgery.
Hyponatremic Seizures--Presenting Symptom of Helix Syndrome.
Authors: KG Sunil Reddy , Ekambaram Sudha , Rangaswamy Nammalwar Bollam , BN Rangeeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Genetic causes of renal tubular dyselectrolytemia are primarily associated with urinary sodium loss, with secondary hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. They may be associated with or without hypercalciuria and hypermagnesuria. HELIX syndrome (OMIM 617671) is one condition associated with hypermagnesmia and hypomagnesuria in contrast to Gitleman syndrome. The diagnosis is made if dyselectrolytemia and hypermagnesmia is accompanied with physical findings of hypohidrosis, lacrimal gland dysfunction, ichthyosis and xerostomia. This is the first case in our limited experience of a genotype of HELX syndrome presenting as hyponatremic seizures with unreported hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesuria and hypocalciuria due to defect of para-cellular ion transport in the thicker limb of ascending Henle’s loop (TAL).
Impact of microplastic pollution on breaking waves
Authors: Bergfreund Jotam , Wobill Ciatta , Evers Frederic M. , Hohermuth Benjamin , Bertsch Pascal , Lebreton Laurent , Windhab Erich J. , Fischer Peter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic plastic waste heavily pollutes global water systems. In particular,micron-sized plastic debris can have severe repercussions for the ocean flora and faunabut may also affect physical processes such as wave breaking, which are critical forocean-atmospheric exchange and albedo. Nevertheless, the effects of micron-sized plasticdebris on geophysical processes are widely unexplored. Herein, we investigate theeffect of microplastic collected from the North Pacific and a surfactant mimicking surfaceactive materials present in the ocean on the stability of seafoam generated bybreaking waves. We found that microplastic particles increase seafoam stability. Inparticular, an increased foam height was found in a column foaming setup, while anincreased foam area was observed in a laboratory-scale breaking wave channel. We proposethat microplastic particles assemble at the air-water interface, form aggregates, presumably decrease the liquid drainage in the liquid film, and change the film curvature.The effect of surfactants is generally larger due to their higher surface activitybut still in a range where synergistic effects can be observed. Our results suggest thatmicroplastic could manipulate oceanic processes essential for marine-atmospheric airexchange, sea spray formation, and albedo.
Whole genome sequencing refines stratification and therapy of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Culliford Richard , Lawrence Sam , Mills Charlie , Tippu Zayd , Chubb Daniel , Cornish Alex , Browining Lisa , Kinnersley Ben , Bentham Robert , Sud Amit , Pallikonda Husayn , Frangou Anna , Gruber Andreas , Litchfield Kevin , Wedge David , Larkin James , Turajlic Samra , Houlston Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, but a comprehensive description of its genomic landscape is lacking. We report the whole genome sequencing of 778 ccRCC patients enrolled in the 100,000 Genomes Project, providing the most detailed somatic mutational landscape to date. We identify new driver genes, which as well as emphasising the major role of epigenetic regulation in ccRCC highlight additional biological pathways extending opportunities for drug repurposing. Genomic characterisation identified patients with divergent clinical outcome; higher number of structural copy number alterations associated with poorer prognosis, whereas VHL mutations were independently associated with a better prognosis. The twin observations that higher T-cell infiltration is associated with better outcome and that genetically predicted immune evasion is not common supports the rationale for immunotherapy. These findings should inform personalised surveillance and treatment strategies for ccRCC patients.
Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer: A multicenter retrospective observational study (NAPOLEON-2)
Authors: Kodama Tomoko , Imajima Takashi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Otsuka Taiga , Kawahira Masahiro , Nakazawa Junichi , Hori Takeshi , Shibuki Taro , Arima Shiho , Ido Akio , Miwa Keisuke , Okabe Yoshinobu , Koga Futa , Ueda Yujiro , Kubotsu Yoshihito , Shimokawa Hozumi , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Nishikawa Kazuo , Komori Azusa , Otsu Satoshi , Hosokawa Ayumu , Sakai Tatsunori , Sakai Kenji , Oda Hisanobu , Kawahira Machiko , Arita Shuji , Honda Takuya , Taguchi Hiroki , Tsuneyoshi Kengo , Kawaguchi Yasunori , Fujita Toshihiro , Sakae Takahiro , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Mizuta Toshihiko , Mitsugi Kenji 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (NFF) is a standard regimen after gemcitabine-based therapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer. However, there are limited clinical data on its efficacy and safety in the real-world. We therefore initiated a retrospective and prospective observational study (NAPOLEON-2). The results of the retrospective part were reported herein. Methods In this retrospective study, we evaluated 161 consecutive patients who received NFF as second-or-later-line regimen. The main endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the other endpoints were response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival (PFS), dose intensity, and adverse events (AEs). Results The median age was 67 years (range, 38–85 years). The median OS and PFS were 8.1 and 3.4 months, respectively. The objective response and disease control rates were 5% and 52%, respectively. The median relative dose intensity was 81.6% for nanoliposomal irinotecan and 82.9% for fluorouracil. Grade 3 or 4 hematological and nonhematological AEs occurred in 47 and 42 patients, respectively. Common grade 3 or 4 AEs included neutropenia (24%), anorexia (12%), and leukocytopenia (12%). Subanalysis of patients treated with second-line and third-or-later-line demonstrated no statistical significant difference in OS (7.6 months vs. 9.1 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–1.35;p = 0.68). Conclusions NFF has acceptable efficacy and safety profile even in real-world clinical settings. The prospective study is in progress to validate these findings.
Association of vitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in COPD population: A cohort study from NHANES 2007-2018
Authors: Jiang Qi , Jiang Yuewen , Ma Zheru , Huang Jingda , Li Yang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The correlation between low levels of vitamin D and an increased risk of various inflammatory diseases has been well established. However, the specific relationship between vitamin D levels and mortality in individuals suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to explore the link between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and the probability of mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in American adults diagnosed with COPD.
Methods
A total of 1796 adults diagnosed with COPD, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2018), were enrolled in this study. Data regarding deaths were obtained through linkage to the National Death Index (NDI) records until December 31, 2019. The association between 25(OH)D concentrations and the risk of mortality was examined both continuously using restricted cubic splines and categorically (< 25.0, 25.0–49.9, 50.0–74.9, and ≥ 75.0 nmol/L) through Cox regression modeling. Competing risk models were employed to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and the incidence of CVD-related mortality in individuals diagnosed with COPD. Sensitivity and stratified analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.
Results
Over the course of the follow-up period, a total of 357 cases of all-cause mortality were observed, of which 85 were attributed to CVD-related causes. After accounting for various confounding factors, the study revealed that lower serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with a heightened risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality among COPD patients. When compared to individuals in the lowest category, those in the highest category of serum 25(OH)D showed a 52% reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.48, CI [0.24, 0.94]) and a 69% increase in CVD-related mortality (HR: 0.31, CI [0.11, 0.84]). No evidence of a non-linear association between DII levels and all-cause mortality (p-non-linear = 0.1145) was found.
Conclusions
Our research indicates that among COPD patients, those with high serum vitamin D concentrations have a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death compared to those with vitamin D deficiency. This demonstrates a non-linear negative correlation, supporting the long-term beneficial effect of vitamin D on COPD patients.