bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations for very early lifecycle quality evaluations
Authors: Chiang Eliza , Menzies Tim 
Published: December 2003

AbstractChunget al.have proposed a graphical model that captures the interdependencies between design alternatives in terms of synergy and trade‐offs. This model can assist in identifying quality/risk trade‐offs early in the lifecycle of software development, such as architectural design and testing process choices. The Chunget al.method is an analysis framework only: their technique does not include an execution or analysis module. This paper presents a simulation tool developed to analyze such a model, and techniques to facilitate decision making by reducing the space of options worth considering. Our techniques combine Monte Carlo simulations to generate options with a machine learner to determine which option yields the most/least favorable outcome. Experiments based on the above methodology were performed on two case studies, and the results showed that treatment learning successfully pinpointed the key attributes among uncertainties in our test domains. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A system dynamics metamodel for software process modeling
Authors: De Oliveira Barros Márcio , Werner Cláudia Maria Lima , Travassos Guilherme Horta 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper we describe a metamodel to the system dynamics language that allows the development of software process models based on high‐level constructors instead of mathematical equations. These constructors represent software process domain concepts such as developers, activities, resources and artifacts. A domain model allows the translation of these concepts to traditional stock‐and‐flow diagrams, which can be simulated to evaluate the behavior of software process models. The proposed approach helps inexperienced modelers to build process models by reducing the semantic gap between system dynamics and the software process domain. Thus, resulting models are more readable, easier to understand and maintain. We provide an example of a process model built with the proposed approach presenting its translation and simulation processes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IMMoS: a methodology for integrated measurement, modelling and simulation
Authors: Pfahl Dietmar , Ruhe Günther 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOne reason for the relatively small number of real‐world applications of simulation in software engineering is the existing lack of guidance in creating and formulating the related models and in the isolated usage of associated techniques. In order to support both strategic and project management in software organizations, a methodology for integrated measurement, modelling and simulation (IMMoS) was developed and validated. The hybrid approach integrates the individual strengths of its inherent methodological elements and concepts. The core element of IMMoS is the simulation modelling method system dynamics (SD), which integrates quantitative dynamic models with quantitative and qualitative static models in a natural way. The novelty of IMMoS is twofold. First, it enhances existing guidance for SD modelling by adding a component that enforces goal‐orientation, and by providing a refined process model with detailed description of activities, entry/exit criteria, input/output products, and roles involved. Secondly, it describes how to combine SD modelling with goal‐oriented measurement and descriptive process modelling, thus improving efficiency and smoothly closing the gap to established methods in empirical software engineering. IMMoS has been initially evaluated. The effectiveness and efficiency of IMMoS is supported with empirical evidence from two industrial case studies and one controlled experiment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of multimedia techniques in the physical rehabilitation of Parkinson's patients
Authors: Camurri Antonio , Mazzarino Barbara , Volpe Gualtiero , Morasso Pietro , Priano Federica , Re Cristina 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses some experiments having the purpose of planning, developing and validating aesthetically resonant environments for different types of sensorimotor impairments which affect Parkinson's patients. From a technical point of view the aim is to develop a computational open architecture in which it is possible to integrate modules for gesture analysis and recognition and for interactive construction of therapeutic exercises based on multimedia stimulation in real time. The clinical objective is to experiment with a device of sensorimotor stimulation that supports akinesia compensation by controlling movement rhythmic structures in subjects with Parkinson's disease. The EyesWeb open architecture has been used to analyse patients' motion and to produce visual feedback during therapy sessions in real time. A pilot study has been conducted on two Parkinson's disease patients in the framework of the EU IST project CARE‐HERE. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A learning strategy for paging in mobile environments
Authors: Koukoutsidis I. Z. , Demestichas P. P. , Theologou M. E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe essence of designing a good paging strategy is to incorporate the user mobility characteristics in a predictive mechanism that reduces the average paging cost with as little computational effort as possible. In this scope, we introduce a novel paging scheme based on the concept of reinforcement learning. Learning endows the paging mechanism with the predictive power necessary to determine a mobile terminal's position, without having to extract a location probability distribution for each specific user. The proposed algorithm is compared against a heuristic randomized learning strategy akin to reinforcement learning, that we invented for this purpose, and performs better than the case where no learning is used at all. It is shown that if the user normally moves only among a fraction of cells in the location area, significant savings can be achieved over the randomized strategy, without excessive time to train the network. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A full rate space‐time turbo codes and its near‐optimum decoding algorithms
Authors: Li Yong‐Hui , Li Dao‐Ben 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA novel full rate space‐time turbo codes are presented in this paper. Simulation results and theoretical analysis exhibit its excellent performance. At the encoder, information bits are encoded using a concatenated space‐time turbo coder, and then coded symbols are modulated and assembled by a pre‐defined function rather than punctured as in other schemes. It can achieve lower code rate (because it doesn't puncture the coded signals), get more coding gains and take advantage of both space and time diversity. Since its decoding needs to calculate two extrinsic probabilities simultaneously, traditional Log‐Map decoding algorithm fails to be used directly. An extended 2‐dimensional (2‐D) Log‐Map (maximum a posterior probability) decoding algorithm and another one based on Bayesian Network are developed to decode the proposed scheme. Under the same conditions, the proposed scheme will bring about 12 dB gains at BER 1.0e−5 and about 12–14 dB gains at FER 1.0e−3 over some other known schemes at quasi‐static fading channels, and above 10 dB at BER 1.0e−5 and FER 1.0e−3 over time‐varying fading channels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uplink packet scheduling in the presence of interference cancellation in multi‐rate wireless CDMA networks
Authors: Aïssa Sonia , Maaref Amine , Mermelstein Paul 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe consider packet scheduling and rate assignment on the uplink of a packet data wireless CDMA network in the presence of imperfect interference cancellation (IC) and limited user transmission rates, and subject to in‐cell and out‐of‐cell resource limitations. The objective is to propose and implement a system level position‐based flow control algorithm that accounts for a limited IC capability provided by power control for multi‐user detection. The proposed algorithm assigns packets to be transmitted to separate queues, one for each spatial zone within which packets generate roughly the same in‐cell interference and impose equal interference on a neighboring base station. Given the cell partitioning into zones, the algorithm dynamically adapts to the resource constraints and efficiently uses IC to provide for fairness in serving the various queues without giving up the objective of maximizing data throughput. Throughput and fairness are the two conflicting objectives to be optimized. We show that the joint use of IC and location‐based scheduling is able to achieve complete fairness with negligible loss in throughput even under stringent resource limitations. The IC technique implemented is based on the interference subspace rejection (ISR) technique. We investigate both successive and group cancellation modes of ISR. Through the zone‐based grouping of users, the flow control algorithm provides a high flexibility in taking advantage of IC and is general enough to adapt to situations with constraints on the transmission rates. Results provided show how group‐based scheduling with group‐cancellation can provide for high fairness even under stringent out‐of‐cell resource limitations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A QoS‐based charging and resource allocation framework for next generation wireless networks
Authors: Ibrahim Walid , Chinneck John W. , Periyalwar Shalini 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWireless networks are evolving to include Internet access to interactive multimedia and video conferencing as well as traditional services such as voice, email and web access. These new applications can demand large amounts of network resources, such as bandwidth, to achieve the highest levels of quality (e.g. picture quality). In conjunction with this trend, charging and resource allocation systems must evolve to explicitly consider the trade‐off between resource consumption and the Quality of Service (QoS) provided. This paper proposes a novel QoS‐based charging and resource allocation framework. The framework allocates resources to customers based on their QoS perceptions and requirements, thereby charging fairly while improving resource allocation efficiency. It also allows the network operators to pursue a wide variety of policy options, including maximizing revenue or using auction or utility‐based pricing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radio resource management techniques for UE‐MAC in 3GPP W‐CDMA systems
Authors: Cheng Sheng‐Tzong , Lin Jian‐Liang 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe selection of transport format combination (TFC) is a fast part of the radio resource management because the bit rate can be changed very fast without any need for network layer signaling. However, the data transmitted by the TFC with higher data rate will suffer higher bit error rate (BER) because of the interference between the data that transmitted by the same TFC. This paper investigates this problem and proposes a BER filtering strategy to filter out some infeasible TFCs in a given transport format combination set (TFCS). Based on the BER filtering strategy, three kinds of the TFC selection methods are developed to dynamically assign transport blocks to logical channels on‐demand so as to utilize the finite bandwidth. According to a performance index that takes the priority into consideration, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed TFC selection algorithms have also been demonstrated from the simulation results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscous and Aeroelastic Effects on Wind Turbine Blades. The VISCEL Project. Part II: Aeroelastic Stability Investigations
Authors: Chaviaropoulos P. K. , Soerensen N. N. , Hansen M. O. L. , Nikolaou I. G. , Aggelis K. A. , Johansen J. , Gaunaa Mac , Hambraus T. , von Geyr Heiko Frhr. , Hirsch Ch. , Shun Kang , Voutsinas S. G. , Tzabiras G. , Perivolaris Y. , Dyrmose S. Z. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe recent introduction of ever larger wind turbines poses new challenges with regard to understanding the mechanisms of unsteady flow–structure interaction. An important aspect of the problem is the aeroelastic stability of the wind turbine blades, especially in the case of combined flap/lead–lag vibrations in the stall regime. Given the limited experimental information available in this field, the use of CFD techniques and state‐of‐the‐art viscous flow solvers provides an invaluable alternative towards the identification of the underlying physics and the development and validation of sound engineering‐type aeroelastic models. Navier–Stokes‐based aeroelastic stability analysis of individual blade sections subjected to combined pitch/flap or flap/lead–lag motion has been attempted by the present consortium in the framework of the concluded VISCEL JOR3‐CT98‐0208 Joule III project. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Integrated Feasibility Analysis of a Stand‐alone Wind Power System, including No‐energy Fulfillment Cost
Authors: Kaldellis J. K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAutonomous wind power systems are among the most interesting and environmentally friendly technological solutions for the electrification of remote consumers. However, the expected system operational cost is quite high, especially if the no‐load rejection restriction is applied. This article describes an integrated feasibility analysis of a stand‐alone wind power system, considering, beyond the total long‐term operational cost of the system, the no‐energy fulfilment (or the alternative energy coverage) cost of the installation. Therefore the impact of desired system reliability on the stand‐alone system configuration is included. Accordingly, a detailed parametric investigation is carried out concerning the influence of the hourly no‐energy fulfilment cost on the system dimensions and operational cost. Thus, by using the proposed method, one has the capability–in all practical cases–to determine the optimum wind power system configuration that minimizes the long‐term total cost of the installation, considering also the influence of the local economy basic parameters. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Tetranuclear Zinc Complex with a μ4‐bridging Carbonate Cap
Authors: Bauer‐Siebenlist Bernhard , Meyer Franc , Vidovic Denis , Pritzkow Hans 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA bis(tridentate) compartmental pyrazolate‐based ligand forms the discrete dizinc(II) complex[LZn2(NO3)3] (1) with a singly O‐atom bridging nitrate and two terminal chelating nitrates. In the absence of coordinating counteranions, the dizinc(II) scaffold takes up atmospheric carbon dioxide to give a tetranuclear species 3 assembled from two dinuclear components. Its X‐ray crystal structure reveals a μ4‐bridging carbonate cap, which is a rare structural motif in zinc(II) coordination chemistry.
Hydrazin‐Addukte mit Dialkylindiumchloriden — Überraschende strukturelle Vielfalt bei einfachen Verbindungen
Authors: Uhl Werner , Emden Christian H. , Geiseler Gertraud , Harms Klaus 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDialkylindiumchloride reagieren mit Hydrazinderivaten zu unterschiedlichen Addukten, die eine bemerkenswerte strukturelle Vielfalt zeigen. Die äquimolare Umsetzung von Me2InCl mit Phenylhydrazin ergibt das erwartete Monoaddukt [Me2InCl·NH2NHC6H5] (1), in dem der Ligand über sein NH2‐Stickstoffatom an das zentrale Indiumatom koordiniert und das im festen Zustand über eine In—Cl—In‐Brücke dimer vorliegt. Bei der entsprechende Reaktion mit tert‐Butylhydrazin entsteht dagegen unter asymmetrischer Spaltung des Indiumhalogenids die ionische Verbindung [Me2InCl2]‐[Me2In(NH2NHCMe3)2]+ (3), in deren kationischem Bestandteil zwei NH2‐Gruppen am Indiumatom koordinieren. Im Gegensatz dazu ergibt sterisch höher abgeschirmtes (Me3C)2InCl mit diesem Hydrazin ein Addukt 2, das zwar analog zu 1 ist, im Festkörper aber nicht dimerisiert. Ein Unterschuß von Phenylhydrazin führt zur Bildung der Verbindung (Me2InCl)4[NH2N(H)C6H5]2 (4), in der ein Ausschnitt aus der Leiterstruktur von Me2InCl mit vier Formeleinheiten des Halogenids durch zwei terminale Hydrazinliganden stabilisiert wird. Nur in wenigen Kristallen wurde eine entsprechende Verbindung 5 mit tert‐Butylhydrazin erhalten, die eine komplizierte dreidimensionale Struktur aufweist. Daneben wird über die Molekülstruktur von In(CMe3)3 (6) berichtet.
Synthese, Schwingungsspektren und Kristallstrukturen der Chloroberyllate (Ph4P)2[BeCl4] und (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Weller Frank , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBerylliumdichlorid reagiert mit Tetraphenylphosphoniumchlorid in Dichlormethan je nach dem angewandten molaren Verhältnis unter Bildung der leicht löslichen Chloroberyllate (Ph4P)2[BeCl4]·2, 5CH2Cl2 (1·2, 5CH2Cl2) und (Ph4P)2[Be2Cl6] · 2CH2Cl2 (2·2CH2Cl2). Beide Verbindungen werden durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert.1·2, 5CH2Cl2: Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 2, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 1185, 7(1); b = 1244, 5(1); c = 1939, 3(2) pm; α = 77, 62(1)°; β = 74, 13(1)° γ = 68, 17(1)°, R1 = 0, 0416. Das [BeCl4]2‐‐Ion bildet Tetraeder ohne spezielle Lagesymmetrie.2·2CH2Cl2: Raumgruppe P1¯, Z = 1, Gitterkonstanten bei 193 K: a = 985, 3(1); b = 1107, 6(1); c = 1344, 7(1) pm; α = 65, 45(1)°; β = 79, 12(1)°; γ = 78, 49(1)°, R1 = 0, 0361. Das [Be2Cl6]2‐‐Ion bildet chloroverbrückte Doppeltetraeder der Lagesymmetrie 1¯ (Ci).Im Vakuum verlieren die Verbindungen das eingelagerte Dichlormethan. Von 1 und 2 werden die Schwingungsspektren (IR, Raman) mitgeteilt.
A Merrifield Resin Functionalized with Molybdenum Peroxo Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Hinner Marlon J. , Grosche Manja , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCH2Cl functionalized polystyrene (Merrifield resin) was reacted with deprotonated 2‐(3‐pyrazolyl)pyridine to give a polymer bound chelate ligand system, which could be co‐ordinated to oxodiperoxo molybdenum(VI) units. The resulting heterogenized catalyst was investigated for its activity in the epoxidation of cyclooctene.
Lithium‐Uran‐Nitride: LiUN2 und Li2UN2
Authors: Jacobs H. , Heckers U. , Zachwieja U. , Kockelmann W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDie Synthese von LiUN2 erfolgte aus einem Gemenge von Li3N und UH3 (3:1) unter N2 bei 900 °C innerhalb von 3 d. Die Verbindung kristallisiert nach Röntgen‐ und Neutronenpulverdaten tetragonal in der Raumgruppe I41/amd mit Z = 4 und a = 4, 3965 (2)Å, c = 11, 059 (4)Å. Die Struktur leitet sich z. B. von der des Anatas (TiO2 ≙ UN2) durch Auffüllen der verbleibenden Oktaederlücken mit Li ab. Die Verbindung ist ein paramagnetischer Halbleiter.Bei Umsetzungen von Li3N mit UH3 (3 : 1) bei 600 °C entsteht als Hauptprodukt Li2UN2, das bereits bekannt ist. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Untersuchungen kristallisiert dieses Produkt nicht in der Raumgruppe P3¯ mit Z = 3 sondern in P3¯ m1 mit Z = 1.Bei Reaktionsansätzen von Li3N mit UH3 (5 : 1) bei 500 °C ergibt sich ein kubisch flächenzentriert kristallisierendes Produkt mit a = 4, 890 (1)Å dessen Gitterkonstante derjenigen von UN entspricht. Bei einem hohen Li3N : UH3‐Verhältnis von 5 : 1 bis 10 : 1 und Reaktionstemperaturen > 800 °C gibt das Produkt ein linienreiches Guinier‐Diagramm, das auf eine weitere Phase im System Li/U/N hinweist.
Metallkomplexe mit N2O2S2‐Koordinationssphäre. Synthese und Charakterisierung der Nickel(II)‐, Cobalt(II)‐ und Kupfer(II)‐Komplexe eines N, N′‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐substituierten vierzehngliedrigen trans‐N2S2‐Makrocyclus
Authors: Mattes Rainer , Entian Thomas 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDer funktionalisierte makrocyclische Ligand ‐N, N′‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐3, 4:10, 11‐dibenzo‐1, 8‐diaza‐5, 12dithia‐cyclotetradecan, C32H34N2O2S2 (H2L1), seine Komplexe [NiL1]·CH3CN (1), [CoL1] (2a), [CoL1]·4CH3OH (2b), [CuHL1]Cl·5H2O (3) und das Addukt [H3L1](ClO4) (4) wurden dargestellt und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert. In 1, 2a und 2b sind die Metallatome oktaedrisch von den sechs Donoratomen eines Liganden koordiniert. Der Ligand ist um die N···N′‐Verbindungsachse gefaltet. Daraus resultiert eine trans‐N2‐cis‐O2‐cis‐S2‐Konfiguration an den Zentralatomen. Die Cobalt(II)‐Komplexe 2a und 2b unterscheiden sich in Bezug auf die Konformation des Liganden. In 3 ist das Kupfer(II)‐Ion verzerrt quadratisch‐pyramidal koordiniert, mit einer 2‐Hydroxybenzylgruppe als apikalem Ligand und dem N2S2‐Donorsatz als basale Liganden. In 4 sind beide Stickstoffatome protoniert; die Phenolatsauerstoffatome sind über eine kurze intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindung von 2.585(4)Å Länge miteinander verbunden.
[K36(μ6‐Cl)2(H2O)11(MeOH)32][SnSe4][Co4(μ4‐Se)(SnSe4)4]3: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Compound Containing Ternary [Co4(μ4‐Se)(SnSe4)4]10— Anions and a Novel [(μ6‐Cl)2K9]7+ Coordination Aggregate
Authors: Melullis Maike , Zimmermann Christian , Anson Christopher E. , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: December 2003

Abstract Formation of the novel compound [K36(μ6‐Cl)2(H2O)11(MeOH)32][SnSe4][Co4(μ4‐Se)(SnSe4)4]3 (2) was achieved by variation of the crystallization conditions that recently enabled synthesis of the quaternary compound [K22(H2O)17(MeOH)8][SnSe4]3[Co4(μ4‐Se)(SnSe4)4] (1) by reaction of K4[SnSe4] with [Co(en)3]Cl3 in a methanol/water mixture (19:1). The crystal structure of 2, which was determined by means of single crystal X‐ray diffraction (orthorhombic space group Pbcm; lattice dimensions at 200 K: a = 18.7122(8), b = 20.9653(9), c = 57.340(3)Å, V = 22494.9(17)Å3; R1 [I > 2σ(I)] = 0.0674; wR2 = 0.1271) differs from 1 in that the [Co4(μ4‐Se)(SnSe)4]10— anions are embedded in an even more complex counterion aggregation; the latter contains solvated K+ cations, additional [SnSe4]4— groups and, in contrast to 1, Cl— anions. As a part of the counterion assembly, the Cl— and some of the K+ ions are arranged in a previously unknown [(μ6‐Cl)2K9]7+ coordination aggregate, formed by two face‐sharing [(μ6‐Cl)K6] octahedra.
Trinuclear Mixed‐Valent MnII/MnIV/MnII Complexes — Structure and Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Alexiou Maria , Zaleski Curtis M. , Dendrinou‐Samara Catherine , Kampf Jeff , Kessissoglou Dimitris P. , Pecoraro Vincent L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractExamples of mixed‐valent manganese compounds with 2e— difference between the oxidation states of the metal ions are rare. Herein we report the synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic and magnetic studies of a series of MnII‐MnIV‐MnII trinuclear compounds of the general composition MnIIMnIVMnII(pko)4(CH3O)2(X)2[X= Cl— (1), NCO—(2), NCS— (3)]. These molecules can be prepared by adding the ketonoxime ligand in the presence of sodium hydroxide and the analogous pseudohalide salt to MnCl2·4H2O in methanol and with exposure to air. The crystal structures for the three compounds are quite similar with one six coordinate MnIV ion in an MnO6 coordination environment and two six coordinate MnII ions having an N5O or N4OCl coordination environment. Four nitrogen atoms come from two ketonoximato ligands, an oxygen atom from a methoxide bridge and a chloro or nitrogen atom from the halide or pseudohalide terminal ligand. Each pko— ligand acts as a tridentate chelating agent by using a pyridine, and an oximato‐nitrogen, bound to the MnII ion and the oximato oxygen, coordinated to the MnIV central ion. The other nitrogen atom of the pko— ligand remains uncoordinated. The magnetic parameters obtained from the fitting procedure are J12 = +7.8 cm—1 and g = 2.07 for 1, J12 = + 8.1 cm—1 and g = 2.08 for 2, and J12 = +6.1 cm—1 and g = 2.09 for 3 which indicate a ferromagnetic behavior. The ground states for all the compounds are S = 13/2.