bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Bringing forth’ skills and knowledge of newly qualified midwives in free‐standing birth centres: A hermeneutic phenomenological study
Authors: Stone Nancy Iris , Thomson Gill , Tegethoff Dorothea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo understand and interpret the lived experience of newly qualified midwives (NQMs) as they acquire skills to work in free‐standing birth centres (FSBCs), as well as the lived experience of experienced midwives in FSBCs in Germany who work with NQMs.BackgroundIn many high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries, the scope of practice of midwives includes autonomous care of labouring women in all settings, including hospitals, home and FSBCs. There has been to date no research detailing the skills acquired when midwives who have trained in hospitals offer care in out‐of‐hospital settings.MethodsThis study was underpinned by hermeneutic phenomenology. Fifteen NQMs in their orientation period in a FSBC were interviewed three times in their first year. In addition to this, focus groups were conducted in 13 FSBCs. Data were collected between 2021 and 2023.FindingsUsing Heidegger's theory of technology as the philosophical underpinning, the results illustrate that the NQMs were facilitated to bring forth competencies to interpret women's unique variations of physiological labour, comprehending when they could enact intervention‐free care, when the women necessitated a gentle intervention, and when acceleration of labour or transfer to hospital was necessary.ConclusionNQMs learned to effectively integrate medical knowledge with midwifery skills and knowledge, creating a bridge between the medical and midwifery approaches to care.ImplicationsThis paper showed the positive effects that an orientation and familiarization period with an experienced team of midwives have on the skill development of novice practitioners in FSBCs.ImpactThe findings of this study will have an impact on training and orientation for nurse‐midwives and direct‐entry midwives when they begin to practice in out‐of‐hospital settings after training and working in hospital labour wards.Patient and Public ContributionThis research study has four cooperating partners: MotherHood, Network of Birth Centres, the Association for Quality at Out‐of‐Hospital Birth and the German Association of Midwifery Science. The cooperating partners met six times in a period of 2 ½ years to hear reports on the preliminary research findings and discuss these from the point of view of each organization. In addition, at each meeting, three midwives from various FSBCs were present to discuss the results and implications. The cooperating partners also helped disseminate study information that facilitated recruitment.
TGFA expression is associated with poor prognosis and promotes the development of cervical cancer
Authors: Ma Xiaoxuan , Zheng Jingying , He Kang , Wang Liangjia , Wang Zeyu , Wang Kai , Liu Zunlong , San Zhiqiang , Zhao Lijing , Wang Lisheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) are the second most common cancers in women aged 20–39. While HPV screening can help with early detection of cervical cancer, many patients are already in the medium to late stages when they are identified. As a result, searching for novel biomarkers to predict CESC prognosis and propose molecular treatment targets is critical. TGFA is a polypeptide growth factor with a high affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Several studies have shown that TGFA can improve cancer growth and progression, but data on its impact on the occurrence and advancement of CESC is limited. In this study, we used clinical data analysis and bioinformatics techniques to explore the relationship between TGFA and CESC. The results showed that TGFA was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cells. TGFA knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. In addition, after TGFA knockout, the expression of IL family and MMP family proteins in CESC cell lines was significantly reduced. In conclusion, TGFA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Therefore, TGFA may become a new target for cervical cancer treatment.
Atopic dermatitis: A global health perspective
Authors: Faye Ousmane , Flohr Carsten , Kabashima Kenji , Ma Lin , Paller Amy S. , Rapelanoro Fahafahantsoa Rabenja , Steinhoff Martin , Su John C. , Takaoka Roberto , Wollenberg Andreas , Yew Yik Weng , Postigo Jose A. Ruiz , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Taïeb Alain 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe International Society of AD (ISAD) organized a roundtable on global aspects of AD at the WCD 2023 in Singapore. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) consortium, at least 171 million individuals were affected with AD in 2019, corresponding to 2.23% of the world population, with age‐standardized prevalence and incidence rates that were relatively stable from 1990 to 2019. Based on the panel experience, most AD cases are mild‐to‐moderate. Without parallel data on disease prevalence and severity, the GBD data are difficult to interpret in many regions. This gap is particularly important in countries with limited medical infrastructure, but indirect evidence suggests a significant burden of AD in low‐and‐medium resource settings, especially urban areas. The Singapore roundtable was an opportunity to compare experiences in World Bank category 1 (Madagascar and Mali), 3 (Brazil, China) and 4 (Australia, Germany, Qatar, USA, Singapore, Japan) countries. The panel concluded that current AD guidelines are not adapted for low resource settings and a more pragmatic approach, as developed by WHO for skin NTDs, would be advisable for minimal access to moisturizers and topical corticosteroids. The panel also recommended prioritizing prevention studies, regardless of the level of existing resources. For disease long‐term control in World Bank category 3 and most category 4 countries, the main problem is not access to drugs for most mild‐to‐moderate cases, but rather poor compliance due to insufficient time at visits. Collaboration with WHO, patient advocacy groups and industry may promote global change, improve capacity training and fight current inequalities. Finally, optimizing management of AD and its comorbidities needs more action at the primary care level, because reaching specialist care is merely aspirational in most settings. Primary care empowerment with store and forward telemedicine and algorithms based on augmented intelligence is a future goal.
Support matters: How formal and informal institutions shape young Indians' work‐family preferences
Authors: Zumbyte Ieva 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the extent to which young people's future employment preferences in India are influenced concurrently by formal workplace policies and informal caregivers' support.BackgroundScholars have focused on how young individuals' work‐family ideals are shaped by workplace institutions to better understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the labor market. Yet the literature on work‐family policy examines primarily the effects of formal policies, overlooking the role of informal caregivers. Consequently, we know little about the relative influence of formal and informal support on young individuals' work‐family preferences and why one system may be preferred over another.MethodThe study used an original survey‐experimental data from an online sample of young, highly educated and unmarried respondents in India (N = 482) to assess their employment preferences when they have a family and a young child, while conditioning them to formal and informal work‐family support. Logistic regressions examined the relationship between different support types and respondents' employment preferences.ResultsWhen not conditioned to any support, most women preferred part‐time and most men preferred full‐time employment. Women were twice as likely to prefer full‐time employment with informal support compared to formal support, but men's preferences were not sensitive to either type of support.ConclusionThe effectiveness of work‐family policies in challenging gendered behaviors depends on the credibility of formal as opposed to informal institutions.
Effect of botulinum toxin type A on muscular temporomandibular disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Kaiyang , Tan Kenneth , Yacovelli Alexandra , Bi Wei Guang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) is increasingly used to manage painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, the effect of BTX‐A on muscular TMD remains unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy, safety and optimal dose of BTX‐A for treating TMD.MethodsWe conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library until March 2023. We extracted data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of BTX‐A in treating muscular TMD. We performed a meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model.ResultsFifteen RCTs involving 504 participants met the inclusion criteria. BTX‐A was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing pain intensity, as measured on a 0–10 scale, at 1 month (MD [95% CI] = −1.92 [−2.87, −0.98], p < .0001) and 6 months (MD [95% CI] −2.08, [−3.19 to −0.98]; p = .0002). A higher dosage of BTX‐A (60–100 U bilaterally) was associated with a greater reduction in pain at 6 months (MD [95% CI] = −2.98 [−3.52, −2.44]; p < .001). BTX‐A also resulted in decreased masseter muscle intensity (μV) (MD [95% CI] = −44.43 [−71.33, −17.53]; p = .001) at 1 month and occlusal force (kg) at 3 months (MD [95% CI] = −30.29 [−48.22 to −12.37]; p = .0009). There was no significant difference in adverse events between BTX‐A and placebo.ConclusionsBTX‐A is a safe and effective treatment for reducing pain and improving temporomandibular muscle and joint function in muscular TMD patients. A bilateral dose of 60–100 U might be an optimal choice for treating muscular TMD pain.
Navigating the politics of innovation in family firms: The role of political capital
Authors: Capella Francesca , Manelli Luca , Frattini Federico , Kotlar Josip , Chiesa Vittorio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn family firms, innovation poses distinct challenges due to the social complexity resulting from the intertwining of the family and business systems. While prior research has focused primarily on the powerful role of the dominant family coalition in leadership positions, much less attention has been paid to middle managers who must navigate the social complexity in family firms to implement management innovations. Through a multicase study of two highly innovative family firms, we theorize and demonstrate how middle managers engage in coalition building to address the social complexity in family firms when pursuing management innovation by creating a new organizational unit dedicated to managing innovation at the corporate level. Our study shows that middle managers change the social evaluation of the transfer of political capital from the dominant family coalition through enforcement and detachment. Subsequently, they convert, invest, and then mobilize different sources of political capital to gain power through pragmatic persuasion and altruistic evangelizing. Finally, we find that the dominant family coalition employs two distinct modes of political stewardship with respect to family and nonfamily middle managers.
The measurement of fatigue in clinicians within hospital settings: A systematic review of measurement properties
Authors: Walters Stephen John , Dizon Janine , Stern Cindy , Stephenson Matthew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMedical staff fatigue leads to accidents and mistakes and puts patient safety at risk. A measure of fatigue in the workplace may help to quantify, predict, and manage fatigue. This review aimed to evaluate instruments used to measure fatigue in medical staff within hospitals. A systematic review following the JBI methodology was undertaken. A search for articles was conducted in 2021. Included articles (all validation studies) were assessed for methodological quality using the COSMIN checklist. Measurement property data was evaluated for Quality of Evidence using GRADE methodology. Ten studies representing five instruments were reviewed: Occupational Fatigue Exertion and Recovery scale (now superseded); Occupational Fatigue Exertion and Recovery scale (15‐item); Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; Need for Recovery Scale; and the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory. Four instruments show promise for measuring fatigue in hospital medical staff, however, there is limited certainty in the measure property estimates. The Quality of Evidence for measurement properties for all instruments is insufficient. Further validation studies following the COSMIN standards are needed before recommendations for use can be made.
A new hierarchical analysis framework of building heights: Towards a more intuitive understanding of 3D urban structure
Authors: Yang Ling , Zhou Xingyu , Yang Xin , Chen Yang , Zhang Haiping , Na Jiaming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the 3D spatial structure of a city is increasingly essential for addressing various environmental and management issues, surpassing the importance of traditional 2D analysis. However, existing studies neglect the diversity of building height and still lack a clear description of 3D urban structure. This article proposes a new framework to uncover the 3D urban structure. Firstly, kernel density is employed to reveal the hierarchical spatial structure of buildings and the contour tree method is improved to quantitatively measure the spatial diversity and complexity. Then, the 3D urban structure is abstracted by spatial interpolation after feature filtration. Finally, this framework is applied to the central area of Chengdu City, revealing that: (1) Spatial structures of buildings with different heights exhibit significant diversity, location preference, and complexity; and (2) A globally “depression” 3D urban structure with low center—high periphery is obviously identified. This framework provides an effective way to reveal the 3D urban structure in a more intuitive and clearer way from various disordered urban buildings, which can be transferable to other cities and further facilitate sustainable planning and development of cities.
Evaluating the effect of urban flooding on spatial accessibility to emergency shelters based on social sensing data
Authors: Zhu Shaonan , Jiang YiXin , Zhang Jun , Dai Qiang , Yang Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrban flooding is a growing source of natural hazards, significantly threatening the safety of sustainable development in cities. The distribution of flood risks is heterogeneous, so it is crucial to allocate emergency resources reasonably. This article develops an analytical framework to evaluate the effect of urban flooding on emergency responses based on social sensing data. Initially, we designed a Weibo search pattern and used natural language processing technologies to get high‐risk flood points. Then, assuming that such high‐risk flood points can disrupt traffic, we assessed urban emergency shelter accessibility after flooding events. Finally, we carried out an evaluation of spatial fairness between population and emergency shelter accessibility through spatial correlation analysis. We analyzed the urban area of Nanjing as a case study, extracting 37 high‐risk flood points from the past 5 years. The results highlight that existing emergency shelters fall short in accommodating the needs of urban residents under disaster conditions. This disparity is notably amplified in high‐risk flood points. By measuring the impact of flooding quantitatively, we expect to promote a more comprehensive management on urban flood risks.
Evaluation of ear, nose, and throat‐screening in liver transplantation candidates: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Beukman Eline , van der Meer Adriaan J. , Takkenberg R. Bart , Hoed Caroline M. den , Nagtegaal Andries Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with end‐stage liver disease can be treated with a liver transplantation (LT). Before listing, candidates are subjected to a screening procedure according to the EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for LT. In our hospital, this includes an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination, directed towards the identification of (asymptomatic) infections and head and neck malignancies.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all ENT screening examinations in LT candidates from 2007 to 2022. The screening consisted of a visit to the ENT outpatient clinic combined with sinus radiography.ResultsENT screening was performed in 1099 patients. Sixty‐one cases were identified, either diagnosed with an infection (n = 58, almost exclusively sinusitis) or a neoplasm (n = 3, of which two malignancies). With binary logistic regression, we could not identify significant risk factors for diagnosing sinusitis. 711 patients underwent LT. After LT, two patients developed a novel malignancy of the head and neck area, while 14 patients were diagnosed with sinusitis, two of the latter already showed opacification on sinus radiography during screening. Despite immunosuppressive drugs, no complicated sinusitis was observed.ConclusionSinusitis or a neoplasm was diagnosed in almost 6% in a large cohort of LT candidates. Although almost a third of sinusitis patients were not treated accordingly, we did not observe any complicated sinusitis after LT. A more conservative approach to sinusitis may therefore be justified in LT candidates, especially in asymptomatic cases. At our institution, we aim to refer only those patients with specific ENT complaints
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The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in China
Authors: Yu Si‐cong , Yao Yun‐tai ,   the Evidence in Cardiovascular Anesthesia (EICA) Group
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a sharp decline in blood donation which posed a serious threat to the clinical blood supply worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in China on a nationwide level.MethodsA comprehensive review of the published literature was performed using eight databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP by searching relevant words combinations.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were determined to be eligible and included. Among them, 21 studies reported the situation of blood donation during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. The donation of both whole blood and platelet concentrates declined (with a decline of 5%–86% for whole blood and 3%–34% for platelet concentrates), with this especially evident in February 2020. The COVID‐19 pandemic changed the pattern of blood donation and the composition of blood donors accordingly. Fifteen articles reported the supply of various blood components during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The supply and usage of both packed red blood cell (PRBC) and fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) decreased (with a decrease of 4%–40% for PRBC and 9%–58% for FFP). The proportion of blood transfusions in different departments changed too. Compared to 2019, there was a decrease in surgical blood transfusions, and an increase in that used in treatments performed in emergency and internal medicine departments.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to an overall reduction of blood transfusion activities in most cities in China, in particular blood donations and blood demands.
Treatment of feline intermediate to high‐grade alimentary lymphoma: A retrospective evaluation of 55 cats treated with the VAPC combination chemotherapy protocol (2017–2021)
Authors: Moore Antony Stewart , Frimberger Angela Erica 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe most commonly utilized protocols to treat lymphoma in cats employ vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone; with additional drugs sometimes used including L‐asparaginase and doxorubicin. Medical records were reviewed for 55 cats with alimentary lymphoma treated with a novel multiagent protocol using prednisolone, L‐asparaginase, doxorubicin, vinblastine instead of vincristine, a higher dosage of cyclophosphamide and oral procarbazine (VAPC protocol). Outcomes evaluated were response to therapy, toxicity and progression‐free survival (PFS). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was the most common treatment‐related reason for chemotherapy dosage adjustment, occurring in 8 of 52 cats receiving vinblastine, 7 of 55 cats receiving cyclophosphamide and 1 of 40 cats receiving doxorubicin, but febrile neutropenia was identified in only two cats. Of 38 cats receiving chemotherapy for measurable disease, 26 (68.4%) achieved complete response (CR). Three cats achieved a partial response and 9 cats failed to achieve a remission. There were no identified factors influencing whether a cat was likely to achieve CR. For all 55 cats (including those receiving chemotherapy and surgery), median PFS was 184 days with 1, 2 and 3‐year survival rates of 35.4%, 26.5% and 26.5%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, 40 cats that achieved CR had a median survival time of 341 days (78 days for PR, 45 days for NR); PFS times were also significantly affected by lymphocyte:monocyte L:M ratio (>3.4 = 700 days vs. ≤3.4 = 126 days) and B‐cell versus T‐cell phenotype (220 days vs. 42 days, respectively).
Using the ARIMA/SARIMA Model for Afghanistan's Drought Forecasting Based on Standardized Precipitation Index
Authors: Rezaiy Reza , Shabri Ani 
Published: December 2023

Forecasting drought plays a vital role in strategic planning and the management of underground water supply. In this study, we utilized autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models to predict drought events in Afghanistan, based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI). We used monthly average precipitation data from 1991 to 2015 for model training, while data from 2016 to 2020 were employed for model validation. The results of the statistical analysis, which encompassed evaluating Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), indicated that among the SPI 3, SPI 6, SPI 9, SPI 12, and SPI 24, the SARIMA models applied to the SPI 24 demonstrated the most accurate forecasting performance with RMSE (0.1492), MAE (0.1039), and MAPE (22.3732%) compared to SPI 3, SPI 6, SPI 9, and SPI 12. Subsequently, the ARIMA/SARIMA models were employed to forecast drought events for the upcoming year. It’s noteworthy that this constitutes the first-ever statistical analysis of the drought index in Afghanistan. Therefore, the outcomes of this study can be applied across diverse sectors, including water resource management and environmental precautions.
Existence and rotatability of the two‐colored Jones–Wenzl projector
Authors: Hazi Amit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe two‐colored Temperley–Lieb algebra is a generalization of the Temperley–Lieb algebra. The analogous two‐colored Jones–Wenzl projector plays an important role in the Elias–Williamson construction of the diagrammatic Hecke category. We give conditions for the existence and rotatability of in terms of the invertibility and vanishing of certain two‐colored quantum binomial coefficients. As a consequence, we prove that Abe's category of Soergel bimodules is equivalent to the diagrammatic Hecke category in complete generality.