bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating and Analyzing a Statewide Nursing Quality Measurement Database
Authors: Aydin Carolyn E. , Bolton Linda Burnes , Donaldson Nancy , Brown Diane Storer , Buffum Martha , Elashoff Janet D. , Sandhu Meenu 
Published: December 2004

Purpose

: To explicate a replicable methodology for designing and analyzing a large ongoing reliable and valid quality database to examine nurse staffing and patient care outcomes in acute care hospitals.
Design

: Prospective nurse staffing, process of care, and patient outcomes data based on the American Nurses Association's (ANA) nursing quality indicators collected from a voluntary convenience sample at acute care hospitals in California with rolling‐site accrual.
Methods

: The ongoing CalNOC database development and repository project, the largest statewide effort of its kind in the United States (US), currently includes data on hospital nurse staffing, patient days, patient falls, pressure ulcer and restraint prevalence, registered nurse (RN) education, and patients' perceptions of satisfaction with care.
Findings

: As of May 2003, the CalNOC database contained staffing data from 842 units in 134 acute care hospitals over 20 quarters from April 1998 to March 2003. The repository also included clinical outcome information on 34,262 reported patient falls, pressure ulcer prevalence data on 41,982 patient observations, and service outcome data on patient satisfaction from 26,461 patients. Participating hospitals receive quarterly reports allowing them to benchmark their own performance against other participating hospitals. CalNOC methods have been adapted and replicated by both the Military Nursing Outcomes Database and VA Nursing Outcomes Database projects, and CalNOC nursing‐sensitive measures have been endorsed by the National Quality Forum.
Conclusions

: This working model for collecting reliable and valid data was derived from multiple hospitals across California. The data are the basis for studies to contribute to the development of evidence‐based public policy, and for ongoing study of the effects of nurse staffing on clinical and service outcomes.
Antigenic Divergence Suggested by Correlation between Antigenic Variation and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Profiles of
Bordetella pertussis
Isolates in Japan
Authors: Kodama Atsuko , Kamachi Kazunari , Horiuchi Yoshinobu , Konda Toshifumi , Arakawa Yoshichika 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Antigenic divergence has been found between
Bordetella pertussis
vaccine strains and circulating strains in several countries. In the present study, we analyzed
B. pertussis
isolates collected in Japan from 1988 to 2001 using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and sequencing of two virulence-associated proteins. The 107 isolates were classified into three major groups by PFGE analysis; 87 (81%) were type A, 19 (18%) were type B, and 1 (1%) was type C. Sequence analysis of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (
ptxS1
) and adhesion pertactin (
prn
) genes revealed the presence of two (
ptxS1A
and
ptxS1B
) and three (
prn1
,
prn2
, and
prn3
) variants, respectively, in the isolates. Among those isolates, 82 (95%) of the 87 type A strains and the type C strain had the same combination of
ptxS1B
and
prn1
alleles (
ptxS1B/prn1
) as the Japanese vaccine strain. On the other hand, 17 (90%) of 19 type B strains had an allele (
ptxS1A/prn2
) distinct from that of the vaccine strain. A correlation was found between the antigenic variation and the PFGE profile in the isolates. In addition, the frequency of the type B strain was 0, 27, 0, 42, and 37% of the isolates in the periods 1988 to 1993, 1994 to 1995, 1996 to 1997, 1998 to 1999, and 2000 to 2001, respectively. In contrast, the number of reported pertussis-like and pertussis cases decreased gradually from 1991 on, suggesting that the antigenic divergence did not affect the efficacy of pertussis vaccination in Japan.
Analysis of
Trichosporon
Isolates Obtained from the Houses of Patients with Summer-Type Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Sugita Takashi , Ikeda Reiko , Nishikawa Akemi 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP) is type III or IV allergies developed by repeated inhalation of arthroconidia of
Trichosporon
species. We identified 105 strains obtained from the homes of 36 SHP patients by analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) 1 region, which is located between the 26S and 5S rRNA genes; in addition, we analyzed the IGS genotypes of the strains. Serologically,
Trichosporon
species are classified as serotype I, II, III, or I-III. Of the 105 strains, 43 (41.1%), 53 (50.5%), and 9 (8.6%) strains were isolated as serotypes I, II, and III, respectively. Serotype I, II, and III strains were recovered from 19 (52.8%), 29 (80.6%), and 4 (11.1%) of the 36 houses of SHP patients, respectively. No serotype I-III strains were isolated from the houses. Of 43 serotype I strains, 42 (97.7%) were identified as
Trichosporon dermatis
, and the remaining one was
T. terricola
. Of 53 serotype II strains, 37 (69.8%) were identified as
T. asahii
, and the remaining serotype II isolates were
T. aquatile
(1.9%),
T. coremiiforme
(7.5%),
T. faecale
(1.9%),
T. japonicum
(15.1%), and
T. ovoides
(3.8%). There were nine serotype III strains comprised of
T. montevideense
(77.8%) and
T. domesticum
(22.2%). Intraspecies diversity was found only in
T. asahii
. This microorganism also causes opportunistic infections (trichosporonosis); seven genotypes of its IGS 1 region have been identified. While the strains of
T. asahii
obtained from Japanese patients with trichosporonosis were genotype I, the strains from the houses of SHP patients were genotype III. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the strains that play the most significant roles in the development of SHP are
T. dermatis
,
T. asahii
genotype 3, and
T. montevideense
, representing serotypes I, II, and III, respectively.
Amoebal Coculture of “Mycobacterium massiliense” sp. nov. from the Sputum of a Patient with Hemoptoic Pneumonia
Authors: Adékambi Toïdi , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Greub Gilbert , Gevaudan Marie-José , La Scola Bernard , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTA nonphotochromogenic, rapidly growingMycobacteriumstrain was isolated in pure culture from the sputum and the bronchoalveolar fluid of a patient with hemoptoic pneumonia by using axenic media and an amoebal coculture system. Both isolates grew in less than 7 days at 24 to 37°C with an optimal growth temperature of 30°C. The isolates exhibited biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles overlapping those ofMycobacterium abscessus,Mycobacterium chelonae, andMycobacterium immunogenum, indicating that they belonged toM. chelonae-M. abscessusgroup. They differed fromM. abscessusin β-galactosidase, β-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and β-glucuronidase activities and by the lack of nitrate reductase and indole production activities, as well as in their in vitro susceptibilities to minocycline and doxycycline. These isolates andM. abscessusdiffered fromM. chelonaeandM. immunogenumby exhibiting gelatinase and tryptophane desaminase activities. Their 16S rRNA genes had complete sequence identity with that ofM. abscessusand >99.6% similarity with those ofM. chelonaeandM. immunogenum. Further molecular investigations showed that partialhsp65andsodAgene sequences differed from that ofM. abscessusby five and three positions over 441 bp, respectively. PartialrpoBandrecAgene sequence analyses showed 96 and 98% similarities withM. abscessus, respectively. Similarly, 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequence of the isolates differed from that ofM. abscessusby a A→G substitution at position 60 and a C insertion at position 102. Phenotypic and genotypic features of these two isolates indicated that they were representative of a new mycobacterial species within theM. chelonae-M. abscessusgroup. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these isolates were perhaps recently derived fromM. abscessus. We propose the name of “Mycobacterium massiliense” for this new species. The type strain has been deposited in the Collection Institut Pasteur as CIP 108297Tand in Culture Collection of the University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden, as CCUG 48898T.
Rapid Detection of Rifampin Resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isolates from India and Mexico by a Molecular Beacon Assay
Authors: Varma-Basil Mandira , El-Hajj Hiyam , Colangeli Roberto , Hazbón Manzour Hernando , Kumar Sujeet , Bose Mridula , Bobadilla-del-Valle Miriam , García Lourdes García , Hernández Araceli , Kramer Fred Russell , Osornio Jose Sifuentes , Ponce-de-León Alfredo , Alland David 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

We assessed the performance of a rapid, single-well, real-time PCR assay for the detection of rifampin-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by using clinical isolates from north India and Mexico, regions with a high incidence of tuberculosis. The assay uses five differently colored molecular beacons to determine if a short region of the
M. tuberculosis rpoB
gene contains mutations that predict rifampin resistance in most isolates. Until now, the assay had not been sufficiently tested on samples from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis. In the present study, the assay detected mutations in 16 out of 16 rifampin-resistant isolates from north India (100%) and in 55 of 64 rifampin-resistant isolates from Mexico (86%) compared to results with standard susceptibility testing. The assay did not detect mutations (a finding predictive of rifampin susceptibility) in 37 out of 37 rifampin-susceptible isolates from India (100%) and 125 out of 126 rifampin-susceptible isolates from Mexico (99%). DNA sequencing revealed that none of the nine rifampin-resistant isolates from Mexico, which were misidentified as rifampin susceptible by the molecular beacon assay, contained a mutation in the region targeted by the molecular beacons. The one rifampin-susceptible isolate from Mexico that appeared to be rifampin resistant by the molecular beacon assay contained an S531W mutation, which is usually associated with rifampin resistance. Of the rifampin-resistant isolates that were correctly identified in the molecular beacon assay, one contained a novel L530A mutation and another contained a novel deletion between codons 511 and 514. Overall, the molecular beacon assay appears to have sufficient sensitivity (89%) and specificity (99%) for use in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.
Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance in 1,968 Invasive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Strains Isolated in Spanish Hospitals (2001 to 2003): Decreasing Penicillin Resistance in Children's Isolates
Authors: Oteo Jesús , Lázaro Edurne , de Abajo Francisco J. , Baquero Fernando , Campos José 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

To address the public health problem of antibiotic resistance, the European Union (EU) founded the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System. A network of 40 hospitals that serve approximately 30% of the Spanish population (about 12 million) participated. Each laboratory reported data on antimicrobial susceptibility testing using standard laboratory procedures that were evaluated by an external quality control program. The antibiotic consumption data were obtained from the National Health System. We compared the antibiotic susceptibility of Spanish isolates of invasive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(2001 to 2003) with antibiotic consumption. Invasive
S. pneumoniae
was isolated from 1,968 patients, 20% of whom were children at or below the age of 14 years. Of non-penicillin-susceptible strains (35.6%; 95% confidence interval, 34 to 37.2), 26.4% were considered intermediate and 9.2% were considered resistant. Between 2001 and 2003, penicillin resistance decreased from 39.5 to 33% overall and from 60.4 to 41.2% in children at or below the age of 14 years (
P
= 0.002). Resistance to erythromycin was at 26.6%, and coresistance with penicillin was at 19.1%. Of total isolates, the ciprofloxacin MIC was >2 μg/ml for 2.1%, with numbers increasing from 0.4% (2001) to 3.9% (2003). Total antibiotic use decreased from 21.66 to 19.71 defined daily doses/1,000 inhabitants/day between 1998 and 2002. While consumption of broad-spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, and erythromycin declined, use of amoxicillin-clavulanate and quinolones increased by 17.5 and 27%, respectively. The frequency of antibiotic resistance in invasive
S. pneumoniae
in Spain was among the highest in the EU. However, a significant decrease in penicillin resistance was observed in children. This decrease coincided with the introduction of a heptavalent conjugate pneumoccocal vaccine (June 2001) and with a global reduction in antibiotic consumption levels.
Phylogeny and Evolution of Medical Species of
Candida
and Related Taxa: a Multigenic Analysis
Authors: Diezmann Stephanie , Cox Cymon J. , Schönian Gabriele , Vilgalys Rytas J. , Mitchell Thomas G. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Hemiascomycetes are species of yeasts within the order Saccharomycetales. The order encompasses disparate genera with a variety of life styles, including opportunistic human pathogens (e.g.,
Candida albicans
), plant pathogens (e.g.,
Eremothecium gossypii
), and cosmopolitan yeasts associated with water and decaying vegetation. To analyze the phylogeny of medically important species of yeasts, we selected 38 human pathogenic and related strains in the order Saccharomycetales. The DNA sequences of six nuclear genes were analyzed by maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The maximum likelihood analysis of the combined data for all six genes resolved three major lineages with significant support according to Bayesian posterior probability. One clade was mostly comprised of pathogenic species of
Candida
. Another major group contained members of the family Metschnikowiaceae as a monophyletic group, three species of
Debaryomyces
, and strains of
Candida guilliermondii
. The third clade consisted exclusively of species of the family Saccharomycetaceae. Analysis of the evolution of key characters indicated that both codon reassignment and coenzyme Q
9
likely had single origins with multiple losses. Tests of correlated character evolution revealed that these two traits evolved independently.
Genetic Analysis of Diverse Disease-Causing Pneumococci Indicates High Levels of Diversity within Serotypes and Capsule Switching
Authors: Jefferies Johanna M. C. , Smith Andrew , Clarke Stuart C. , Dowson Chris , Mitchell Timothy J. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT
We have used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and serotyping to build a phylogenetic framework for pneumococcal disease isolates in Scotland that provides a snapshot of the relationships between capsular type and genotype. The results show that while the MLST type correlates with the serotype, isolates within a serotype can belong to a number of individual clonal complexes or sequence types (STs). We also show that isolates of the same ST can express different capsular polysaccharides, i.e., display capsular switching, and that this phenomenon is observed both for capsular types commonly isolated from patients with invasive disease and for serogroups less commonly isolated from patients with invasive disease but which may commonly be carried asymptomatically in the human nasopharynx.
Comparison of Antifungal Susceptibilities to Fluconazole and Voriconazole of Oral
Candida glabrata
Isolates from Head and Neck Radiation Patients
Authors: Burn A. K. , Fothergill A. W. , Kirkpatrick W. R. , Coco B. J. , Patterson T. F. , McCarthy D. I. , Rinaldi M. G. , Redding S. W. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

The antifungal susceptibilities of 79 oral
Candida glabrata
isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole were compared. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited were 1 μg of voriconazole/ml and 32 μg of fluconazole/ml. Oral
C. glabrata
isolates for which the fluconazole MICs are elevated are commonly those for which the voriconazole MICs are elevated, but these increases may be transient for voriconazole, as they are for fluconazole.
High Permissivity of Human HepG2 Hepatoma Cells for Influenza Viruses
Authors: Ollier Laurence , Caramella Anne , Giordanengo Valérie , Lefebvre Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTHuman HepG2 hepatoma cells are highly permissive for influenza virus type A and type B, even without the addition of trypsin, and they exhibit a marked cytopathic effect. This property greatly facilitates the primary isolation of influenza viruses. Virus replication was significantly reduced by the plasmin(ogen)-specific inhibitor tranexamic acid, and this suggests a potential role played by the plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator complex at the surface of HepG2 cells. This might represent a new approach for study of the interrelations of this complex with influenza viruses.
False-Positive Results in a Recombinant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Nucleocapsid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Due to HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E Rectified by Western Blotting with Recombinant SARS-CoV Spike Polypeptide
Authors: Woo Patrick C. Y. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Wong Beatrice H. L. , Chan Kwok-Hung , Hui Wai-Ting , Kwan Grace S. W. , Peiris J. S. Malik , Couch Robert B. , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT
Using paired serum samples obtained from patients with illness associated with increases in anti-human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) or anti-HCoV-229E antibodies, we examined the possibility of false-positive results detected in a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three of the 21 and 1 of the 7 convalescent-phase serum samples from persons with increases in antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-229E, respectively, tested positive by the recombinant SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein-based ELISA. None of these samples were found to contain a specific antibody in the recombinant SARS-CoV spike polypeptide-based Western blot assay.
Use of Species-Directed 16S rRNA Gene PCR Primers for Detection of
Atopobium vaginae
in Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Ferris Michael J. , Masztal Alicia , Martin David H. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Recent studies suggest that the association between a metronidazole-resistant anaerobe,
Atopobium vaginae
, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) warrants further investigation. In the present study, specific primers enhanced detection of
A. vaginae
and provided additional evidence that this bacterium is prevalent among patients with BV but absent among patients with normal vaginal flora.
Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of
Escherichia coli
Isolates Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases for Identification of Nosocomial Outbreaks in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Fang Hong , Lundberg Christina , Olsson-Liljequist Barbro , Hedin Göran , Lindbäck Emma , Rosenberg Åsa , Struwe Johan 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

From June to October of 2002, a cluster of
Escherichia coli
isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was detected in Stockholm. The isolates were grouped into two clones, one of which had already circulated in the same area before the outbreak. CTX-M-type ESBLs and coresistance to ciprofloxacin were identified in the strains.
Conventional and Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Homeless Patients in Budapest, Hungary
Authors: Lukács Judit , Tubak Vilmos , Mester Judit , Dávid Sándor , Bártfai Zoltán , Kubica Tanja , Niemann Stefan , Somoskövi Ákos 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

In Hungary the incidence of tuberculosis among the homeless population was 676 per 100,000 in 2002. Sixty-nine percent (140 patients) of all homeless tuberculosis patients were notified in Budapest (the capital). Therefore, a retrospective study that included 66 homeless tuberculosis patients notified in Budapest in 2002 was conducted to determine the rate of recent transmission of the disease and medical risk factors and to identify transmission pathways by means of conventional and molecular epidemiologic methods. IS
6110
DNA fingerprinting revealed that 71.2% of the isolates could be clustered. Thirty-four (51.5%) patients belonged to five major clusters (size, from 4 to 11 individuals), and 13 (19.7%) belonged to six smaller clusters. Additional analysis of patient records found that 2 (18%) of the 11 patients in cluster A, 3 (37.5%) of the 8 patients in cluster B, and 2 (33%) of the 6 patients in cluster C were residents of the same three homeless shelters during the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Review of the database of the National Tuberculosis Surveillance Center (NTSC) revealed that 21.2% of the cases have not been reported to the NTSC. These findings indicate that the screening and treatment of tuberculosis among the homeless need to be strengthened and also warrant the review of environmental control steps in public shelters. Improvement of adherence of clinicians to surveillance reporting regulations is also necessary.
Peripartum Bacteremias Due to
Leptotrichia amnionii
and
Sneathia sanguinegens
, Rare Causes of Fever during and after Delivery
Authors: De Martino S. J. , Mahoudeau I. , Brettes J. P. , Piemont Y. , Monteil H. , Jaulhac B. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

We report three cases of delivery and postpartum bacteremia due to unusual anaerobic bacteria in healthy young women.
Leptotrichia amnionii
bacteremia occurred during delivery in two mothers and was associated with fetal distress during labor. Conversely,
Sneathia sanguinegens
bacteremia occurred postpartum, 2 days after delivery, without consequence for the neonate.
Bacteremia Due toClostridium hathewayiin a Patient with Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Woo Patrick C. Y. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Gibson K. S. , Fung Ami M. Y. , Yiu Viola P. Y. , Yuen Kwok-yung 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTClostridium hathewayiis a newly describedClostridiumspecies isolated from the feces of healthy human individuals, but its clinical significance is not known. We describe a case of human infection associated withC. hathewayi. The bacterium (strain HKU18) was isolated from the blood culture of a 39-year-old patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis complicated by septic shock. The cells were strictly anaerobic, nonmotile rods that stained gram negative. Conventional phenotypic tests and commercial identification systems failed to identify HKU18 to the species level. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed 1.4% nucleotide difference between the sequence of HKU18 and that ofC. hathewayi, indicating that HKU18 was a strain ofC. hathewayi. The patient responded to appendectomy and antibiotic treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing would be useful in further characterizing the clinical disease spectrum ofC. hathewayi.