bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music
Authors: Rusch Frederik L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
They should have arrived in the morning, the cool bright-haze morning of clear and misty things, the forward-gleaming morning. Two young people in love should have arrived when the sun warmed the earth and the pine trees were like torches. They would have seen vast shoulders of earth covered with primeval verdure sloping to the sea. They would have seen the sea itself, bright blue like the sky with a roaring fringe of white where the rocks made foam. The cottages would [have] seemed like tanned young faces with eyes opening. They would have sensed great land and something vast and spiriting. They would have loved Caromb as a place to be in love. But they arrived when the pine trees gathered shadow and the black wing stirred all forms to hunch and creep; when the mountains loomed ominously like huge death-stones moving to close one in; when the sea was bleak and chill and lonely; when dogs barked; when houses began to creak and strain; when seals on the far rocks rolled sounds across the empty waters; when the wind moaned and the sea pounded. It was ghost hour in Caromb. It was the hour of the black wing.
Origin and evolution of feral pigeons
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Feral pigeons are among the most familiar birds to humans in most parts of the world. They may be welcomed or ignored or actively disliked, but nevertheless are a part of the lives of a great many people. This relationship has a history of thousands of years, to a greater or lesser degree depending on when the wild ancestors of feral pigeons were first domesticated. Only after domesticated pigeons began escaping captivity did such birds have the opportunity to develop characteristics that today we recognize as uniquely theirs and which require us to use the term “feral.” Purists will have noted that the epigraph to this chapter refers to the origins of domestic pigeons; but, the truth is that although Darwin did not address the origins of feral pigeons, his words apply as well to them as to domestics.
Mate choice and pair-bonding
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The process of pair formation in feral pigeons consists of a number of discrete behavioral displays by males, the early elements of which coincide with the perception by the female of certain male qualities, such that females ultimately choose from among the available displaying males. Males may or not display to a female, so they too have the prospect of choice; but, in experimental setups, males can be more attracted to externals, such as nestsites (Burley, 1981a), which makes it difficult to discuss male choice.
Development: nestlings
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The feral pigeon is a semi-altricial bird. Embryonic thermoregulation develops perhaps 27 to 37 hours prior to hatching (Kamenskii et al. 1975). Thermoregulation is energetically costly and is supported by metabolism of fat reserves in the egg (Belikov 1975). Additional energy is supplied by the incubating parent, at which time the average temperature between the body of the sitting female and the eggs is about 37°C (Angal’ t and Bogomazov 1981).
Plumage polymorphism
Authors: Johnston Richard F , Janiga Marián 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People identify birds using several characteristics at once-size, shape, plumage pattern and color, attitude, voice, habitat, locality, and so on. All may be important, but size and plumage color are regularly noted by most observers, and if only one characteristic were to be employed, color might be the most useful. However, for some species, difficulties arise when only color is used. Among the birds for which plumage color is not diagnostic are feral pigeons.
Completing Kraepelin’s Psychopathology Insight, Delusion, and the Phenomenology of Illness
Authors: Fulford K William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Loss of insight, traditionally the essential feature of psychotic mental illness, has an equivocal place in present-day psychiatry. Difficulties of definition have led to minimilization of its significance in most modern classifications of mental disorders. Yet it remains important to the actual practice of psychiatry, especially in relation to ethical and medicolegal questions. In this chapter, the philosophical method of linguistic analysis is used to clarify the concept of psychotic loss of insight. Linguistic analysis approaches questions of definition indirectly by exploring the ways in which concepts are actually used. The rationale for this analysis is that difficulties in definition often arise from taking a too narrow or too restricted view of the concept in question. But we are generally better at using concepts than at defining them. (Try defining such everyday concepts as time, for instance, or baroque.) Hence, as the philosopher J. L. Austin argued ( 1956-7/ 1968; Fulford, 1989a), exploring the ways in which a concept is used may lead to a broader or more complete view of its meaning, and thus may help to resolve difficulties in definition.
The Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms
Authors: Selten Jean-Paul C J , Bosch Robert J Van Den , Sijben A E S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There can be little doubt that negative symptoms have serious consequences. They are incapacitating and may lead to long-term hospitalization. Remarkably, however, we know almost nothing about patients’ experiences of these symptoms. Our ignorance in these matters is almost total. We do not know which patients are aware of these symptoms and which are not. We do not know to which symptoms awareness or unawareness applies and to what extent patients suffer from these symptoms.
Introduction
Authors: Holman J Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pleistocene epoch, or “Ice Age,” is thought to have begun about 1.9 million years ago (Repenning, 1987) and to have ended about 10,000 years ago (Meltzer and Mead, 1983). The term Pleistocene was proposed by Charles Lyell (1839) on the basis that it contained more than 70 percent of Recent species of marine mollusks, principally from beds in southern Italy. This contrasted with the time period now known as the Pliocene, which was characterized by 40 to 70 percent Recent mollusk species and began about 3.1 million years before the Pleistocene. Later, Forbes (1846) correlated the Pleistocene with European glaciation, and the idea of a worldwide Pleistocene followed shortly after. In 1948 the base of the Pleistocene was defined, in an edict by the eighteenth International Geological Congress, as the Italian Calabrian stage (marine) and its equivalent Villafranchian stage (terrestrial). This base recognizes as the starting point of Pleistocene events climatic deterioration in Italy rather than the appearance of the first continental glaciation. Since 1948 an attempt has been made to correlate the Italian Calabrian-Villafranchian sequence with other stratigraphically equivalent units worldwide.
The Pleistocene In North America
Authors: Holman J Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pleistocene epoch is believed to have begun about 1.9 million years ago. The North American Pleistocene is divided into stratigraphic units based on (1) glacial and interglacial ages and (2) North American Land Mammal Ages. This will be discussed in some detail later in this chapter. The period of time from the end of the Pleistocene through the present is designated the Holocene. The most dynamic feature of the Pleistocene in North America was the presence of glaciers and their advances and retreats. In the classic interpretation there were four advances and four retreats, the last retreat occurring near the end of the epoch. These movements occurred with the periodic growth and degeneration of two giant ice masses. The largest of these was the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which extended from Nova Scotia and the northeastern United States across the continent to western Canada. A smaller mass, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, blanketed the mountain ranges of the Northwest from Montana and Washington up to the Aleutian Islands (Matsch, 1976).
The North American Herpetofauna: Late Cretaceous Through Pliocene
Authors: Holman J Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pleistocene and Holocene North American herpetofauna is a product of past events. Although fossil records in general have many gaps, ancient herpetofaunas are much better known in North America than they are in many continents, and they give us a fairly good picture of changes that occur at the family and generic level. With the exception of a major radiation of advanced snake groups that occurred in the Miocene, the North American herpetofauna did not change nearly as much in the Cretaceous through Pliocene time span as did the avian and mammalian faunas. In the following temporal accounts, many families and genera will be mentioned that also occur in the Pleistocene. Thus the reader is referred to the “Bestiary” (Chapter 4) that follows, where these taxa are systematically listed, discussed, and sometimes figured.
Herpetological Population Adjustments During The North American Pleistocene
Authors: Holman J Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two overriding events took place in vertebrate populations during the Pleistocene: (1) range adjustments due to the obliteration of habitats by glacial advances and altered climatic patterns, and (2) widespread extinctions. This chapter will deal with both of these population adjustments in a general way, and the following chapter will specifically address extinction. The complete faunal list of the localities discussed in the present chapter appears in the preceding chapter. Range adjustments in herpetological populations may be divided into three major movements: (1) southward movement of northern populations during the glacial advances and the reinvasion of their former ranges by these populations during glacial retreats, (2) the altitudinalrange adjustments made in mountainous regions, and (3) range adjustments made by certain species in areas south of the glaciated areas. It is very important to note the third topic at this time, for not many years ago it would have not been an important consideration. The classic idea was that advancing and retreating glaciers altered climatic isotherms in such a uniform way that communities were uniformly displaced southward during glacial advances and uniformly advanced northward during glacial retreats. In other words, uniform bands of tundra, taiga, and deciduous forest with their component animal communities were envisioned as having moved downward during glacial advances and upward during glacial retreats. This classic stripe hypothesis was a great oversimplification.
Storage versus Flux Budgets: The Terrestrial Uptake of CO2 during the 1980s
Authors: Tans Pieter P , Enting Inez Y Fung,Ian G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Measurements of the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio have played a major role in the discussion during recent years of the magnitudes and whereabouts of the major sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. Any hypothesis about sources of global significance must satisfy the observed spatial distribution of CO2 and its rate of growth, today and in recent history. The link between spatial and temporal source-sink patterns and the global distribution of CO2 mixing ratios in the atmosphere is provided by numerical models of atmospheric diffusion and transport.
The Empathic Emotions: Gratitude, Compassion, and Those Aroused by Aesthetic Experiences
Authors: Lazarus Richard S , Lazarus Bernice N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The three kinds of emotion described in this chapter are closely related because each depends to some extent on the capacity to empathize with others. Our knowledge about them is modest, but they are important in our daily lives, and their special characteristics make them fascinating and distinct from other emotions.
The Nuts and Bolts of Emotion
Authors: Lazarus Richard S , Lazarus Bernice N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now that we have looked at the unique plot of each emotion, we turn to a discussion of what these emotions all have in common-the nuts and bolts, so to speak. We have seen how personal meaning, which is constructed by us, shapes the emotion we will experience. Far from being irrational, we have seen how the emotions follow from the thought pro cesses of intelligent beings. What is no doubt now apparent is that emotion and thought are inseparable in humans. How this works, psychologically, is what this chapter is all about.
The History of the Concept of Herrschaft in the Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe
Authors: Richter Melvin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Begriffsgeschichte in the form given it by the GG will now be considered not as a set of programmatic statements but on the basis of actual performance. The qualities which recommend this lexicon are not easily conveyed to those who have not as yet used it. Yet without some knowledge of what the GG contains, it is impossible to form even a preliminary judgment about the value of either its method or findings. Rather than summarizing or describing a number of articles, I have chosen to present a detailed exposition of the long contribution on Herrschaft (“dominion,” “domination,” “lordship,” “rule,” “command”) written by a team headed by Reinhart Koselleck. Be cause this concept has figured so prominently in the vocabularies of social scientists, historians, and political philosophers in the English-speaking world since 1945, readers will be in a position to judge for themselves just what the GG might add to what they already know.
Made for Each Other
Authors: Lanner Ronald M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A beautifully written account of the symbiotic relationship between pine trees and jays; a cycle of dependency has progressed for several million years as birds have effectively planted the trees that sustain them by dispersing the seeds. This book covers a wide range of regions, focusing on the Rocky Mountains and the American Southwest, but also ranging from the Alps to Finland, and from Siberia to China. The book is written from the perspectives of evolution, ecology, and animal behaviour.
Genes For Sale
Authors: Vogel Joseph Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With each species lost to the mass extinction crisis, the natural economy of the nation and of the world is greatly diminished. An endangered animal may hold the cure for cancer; a threatened plant could someday become a major food crop; and even bacteria often provide novel molecular structures in polymer science. As the rainforest is destroyed and habitats are degraded, conservationists are now urgently searching for dramatic new ways to save these economic resources. In this provocative and important book, Joseph Henry Vogel details one potential solution that has met with increasing interest and popularity: the privatization of genetic information. Vogel cogently makes the case that the world should abandon the doctrine of “the common heritage of mankind” and create private property rights over genes. Landowners, once vested with the genetic resources on their land, will have a newfound financial incentive to protect what they now already control. Genes for Sale provides an overview of the many complexities inherent in implementing a viable conservation policy. Vogel elaborates both technical issues like the construction of a “gargantuan database” of land titles and biological inventories, and political issues like legal reform. Clearly written, engaging, and timely, Genes for Sale provides students, scientists, and policy makers alike with the ideal introduction to an exciting and controversial new approach to saving our precious living heritage.
Variations within Aphasia
Authors: Benson D Frank , Ardila Alfredo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any attempt to investigate a case of aphasia demands recognition of a number of crucial variables. First is an obvious but easily overlooked factor: no two individuals have identical backgrounds (social, spiritual, material) for thought or language (Benson, 1992; James, 1890/1983). Individual variation in mental content is extreme and this naturally influences language production. Second, brains are not identical anatomically or physiologically. The causes and effects of these variations are obscure, but they defeat any attempt to look upon the brain as a fixed “printed-circuit”. A third point concerns the language(s) used by the individual. Not only the lexicon but also the rules of grammar differ between languages, and these variations between languages and even within a single language are crucial to the investigation of aphasia (Segalowitz and Bryden, 1983). Many other factors influence the comprehension and production of language, and a few will be dis cussed below.
Perisylvian Aphasic Syndromes
Authors: Benson D Frank , Ardila Alfredo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first three aphasic syndromes presented in Table 7.2—Broca aphasia, Wernicke aphasia, and conduction aphasia—have two notable similarities in common. First, the sites of brain pathology consistently described are located in the vicinity of the sylvian fissure of the dominant hemisphere; second, one clinical finding, difficulty in the repetition of spoken language, is prominent in each syndrome. The three perisylvian language impairment syndromes constitute the earliest described and the best-recognized types of aphasia. In this chapter, the basic clinical findings for each syndrome will be outlined, variations within the typical symptom cluster will be discussed, and the neuroanatomical site most commonly involved will be described.
A frontal language disorder was originally postulated by Gall and was the first focal language impairment to be firmly established. Initially termed aphemia by Broca (1861a,b), the term aphasia was used by Trousseau (1864) to define the language defect described by Broca. Aphasia was eventually accepted, but only after considerable controversy (Henderson, 1990). After Wernicke’s (1874) dem onstration of a language deficit that was clinically different from the one originally described by Broca, aphasia became the common name for all acquired language disorders, prefaced by a term such as Broca or Wernicke to distinguish the clinical syndromes.
Agraphia
Authors: Benson D Frank , Ardila Alfredo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Agraphia may be defined simply as a loss or impairment of the ability to produce written language caused by brain damage. There is nothing simple about agraphia, however. In fact, the complexities of written language disorder have made useful clinical correlations difficult. Almost without exception, aphasic patients show some degree of agraphia. Not only does agraphia accompany many brain disturbances other than aphasia, but writing competency varies immensely between normal individuals. Writing is, at best, a tenuous accomplishment for many humans and almost any brain abnormality can significantly disrupt a poorly established writing skill.
Written language mirrors the complexities of spoken language and its loss. The distinct varieties of aphasia can be reflected by equally distinct agraphic disorders, but many other elements, some language-related but others independent of language, influence writing. Written language demands a precise output that must be presented in a specific spatial orientation; visuospatial orientation and constructional competency are important for written language. Abnormalities of visuospatial discrimination, of spatial orientation, or of constructional ability, all common in brain damage, can produce nonaphasic varieties of agraphia. In addition, motor and, to a lesser degree, sensory abnormalities can adversely affect the patient’s written language production. Ataxia, rigidity, spasticity, chorea, myoclonus, and either central or peripheral sensory loss involving the dominant limb will alter the quality of graphic output.
Psychiatric Aspects of Aphasia
Authors: Benson D Frank , Ardila Alfredo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The acute loss of the ability to communicate through language produces obvious psychological difficulties for both the patient and those close to him or her. Psychiatric complications are important not only in the overall clinical status of aphasic patients but also in determining the success of rehabilitation. Despite the facts that aphasia has been actively studied for well over a century, that it represents a major arena for subspecialists within psychology (e.g., psycholinguists, neuropsychologists), and that most early treatment methods stressed psychological support (sympathy and understanding), relatively little attention has been given to the psychiatric problems confronting the patient with aphasia.
There may be two reasons for this lack of interest in the psychiatric complications of aphasia. First, it is an obviously “organic” disorder, not basically psychogenic. Under the old and now discredited functional/organic division of behavioral disorders, aphasia was clearly a problem for the neurologist, not the psychiatrist. Second, aphasia obviously interferes with a person’s ability to communicate. Both factors tended to exclude the aphasic patient from the purview of most mid-twentieth-century psychiatrists; the “talk therapy” that prevailed during that period was difficult to conduct with an aphasic subject.
Broadsides to Broadcasts
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1888, Scottish scholar and statesman James Bryce observed that during election campaigns in the U.S. “For three months, processions, usually with brass bands, flags, badges, crowds of cheering spectators, are the order of the day and night from end to end of the country.” Such business, Bryce continued, “pleases the participants by making them believe they are effecting something; it impresses the spectators by showing them that other people are in earnest, it strikes the imagination of those who in country hamlets read of the doings in the great city. In short, it keeps up the ‘boom,’ and an American election is held to be, truly or falsely, largely a matter of booming.”
The “booming” Bryce described is as alien to modern Americans as it was to Bryce. Most of us now experience presidential campaigns in the privacy of our living rooms, and little more than half the population emerges from them on election day to vote. But substitute “political advertising” as the subject of Bryce’s observation, change the idiom to modern English, and David Broder could comfortably open a column with the resulting claims: “For three months political advertising is the order of the day and night from coast to coast.
Trade Antagonism and Industrial Policy
Authors: Tabb William K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is little doubt that Japan acted as a discriminating monopolist selling in their domestic market at higher prices and using the profits to improve Capacity to sell at cut-rate prices abroad. Since they could close their domestic market to foreign competitors and sell in competitors’ markets at lower prices, they could pick up market shares where they faced competition. This, of course, is exactly what Germany and the United States had done to free-trade England a century earlier.2 Contemporary arguments concerning the continued extent of such practices have dominated questions of trade policy to a great extent, but they are an inadequate way of looking at matters. Over the 1980s evidence mounted that a large proportion of the exports of Japanese corporations from Japan had been replaced by the output of their overseas affiliates and subsidiaries. This transnationalizing of production puts a more complex light on competitiveness. Cross-subsidization by large Japanese firms of research and development expenses and state policies to encourage technology development through cooperation and underwriting have also been important. The next chapter deals with the issue of overseas production by Japanese firms.