bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances into electronic publishing: engineering information and Elsevier Advanced Technology
Authors: Evans Paul M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the context to developments in electronic publishing as it affects business transformation within the science publisher, Elsevier Science, especially in relation to developing activities for technology professionals in industry. The key changes likely to affect such publishers in taking advantage of Web opportunities are discussed and then the business planning and implementation process for innovation units, focused mainly on engineers' needs, are described as a case study demonstrating how the larger trends in the publishing industry are changing directions in a specific organization. Finally the adoption of an innovation culture is seen to pave the way for development through action learning and increased involvement of the market in the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photodynamic therapy using Verteporfin (benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A, BPD‐MA) and 630 nm laser light in canine esophagus*
Authors: Panjehpour Masoud , DeNovo Robert C. , Petersen Mark G. , Overholt Bergein F. , Bower Robert , Rubinchik Valery , Kelly Barbara 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveVerteporfin is a new photosensitizer with short‐term skin photosensitivity. The objective of this preclinical study was to find the light dose that effectively ablates canine esophageal mucosa when delivered 30 minutes after Verteporfin injection.Study Design/Materials and MethodsVerteporfin was administered intravenously (0.75 mg/kg). 630 nm light from KTP/Dye laser was delivered using an esophageal Photodynamic therapy (PDT) balloon. In Phase I study, animals were treated 30 minutes after drug injection using 40, 60, and 80 J/cm to find the desired light dose. Using results from phase I and application of reciprocity principle (light dose vs. plasma concentration of drug), additional light doses were calculated for delivery at other times. In phase II, animals were treated at 15, 60, and 120 minutes, using the calculated light doses of 60, 145, and 200 J/cm, respectively. Animals were followed for 2 days to 4 weeks.ResultsIn Phase I, 80 J/cm at 30 minutes induced total mucosal ablation. In Phase II, light doses of 60, 145, and 200 J/cm induced similar mucosal injuries when delivered at 15, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively.ConclusionsEffective mucosal ablation in canine esophagus was achieved using Verteporfin and 630 nm light doses of 60, 80, 145, and 200 J/cm when delivered at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the drug injection, respectively. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:26–30, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theramal, mechanical, optical, and morphologic changes in bovine nucleus pulposus induced by Nd:YAG (λ = 1.32 μm) laser irradiation
Authors: Choi Joon Y. , Tanenbaum B. Samuel , Milner Thomas E. , Dao Xavier V. , Nelson J. Stuart , Sobol Emil N. , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo examine the biophysical effects of photothermal heating on herniated intervertebral discs during laser decompression surgery.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEx vivo bovine nucleus pulposus specimens were irradiated with a Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1.32 μm, 100 seconds exposure time, 9–31 W/cm2, 4.8 mm spot diameter), whereas changes in tissue thermal, mechanical, and optical properties were monitored by using, respectively, infrared radiometry, tissue tension measurements, and diffuse reflectance from a HeNe probe laser. Morphologic changes and mass reduction were monitored by recording shape changes on video and weighing specimens before and after laser exposure.ResultsAt power densities below 20 W/cm2, evaporation of water and specimen volume reduction (shrinking) were consistently observed on video during irradiation. In contrast, above 20 W/cm2, vapor bubbles formed within the specimen matrix and subsequently ruptured (releasing heated vapors). When radiometric surface temperature approaches approximately 60 to 70°C (denaturation threshold for tissue), tissue tension begins to increase, which is consistent with observations of specimen length reduction. The onset of this change in tissue tension is also reflected in characteristic alterations in diffuse reflectance. With cessation of laser irradiation, a sustained increase in tissue tension is observed, which is consistent with changes in specimen length and volume. Higher laser power results in a faster heating rate and subsequently an accelerated tension change. Specimen mass reduction increased with irradiance from 19 to 72% of the initial mass for 9–31 W/cm2, respectively. Irradiated specimens did not return to their original shape after immersion in saline (48 hours) in contrast to air‐dried specimens (24 hours), which returned to their original shape and size.ConclusionThese observations suggest that photothermal heating results in irreversible matrix alteration causing shape change and volume reduction (observed on video and evidenced by the increase in tissue tension) taking place at approximately 65°C. Inasmuch as high laser power results in vapor bubble formation and specimen tearing, the heating process must be controlled. Diffuse reflectance measurements provide a noncontact, highly sensitive means to monitor dynamically changes in tension of nucleus purposus. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:248–254, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One hundred consecutive treatments with Holmium: YAG laser for pulmonary bullae: Especially in conjunction with gelatin‐resorcinol formaldehyde‐glutaraldehyde glue adhesion
Authors: Kaseda Shizuka , Aoki Teruhiro , Hangai Nanae , Shimizu Kunihiko , Kiguchi Hideko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe have widely used a Ho:YAG laser to treat bullae thoracoscopically.Study Design/Materials and MethodsBullae with broad necks were treated with a Ho:YAG laser thoracoscopically. Because one patient relapsed after application of fibrin glue in the early period, a DEXON™ (polyglycolic acid) mesh patch soaked in fibrin glue was used through a 2‐cm opening in the subsequent cases. Lastly, gelatin‐resorcinol formaldehyde‐glutaraldehyde (GRFG) glue was applied through a 5‐mm opening instead of a DEXON™ mesh after coagulation.ResultsIn the 38 patients patched with DEXON™ mesh soaked in fibrin glue and 56 patched with GRFG glue after coagulation, none relapsed.ConclusionCombined uses of fibrin glue plus DEXON™ mesh or GRFG glue were effective when bullae were treated with the Ho:YAG laser. However, the wound was smaller and more cosmetic in the GRFG glue group than in the DEXON™ mesh plus fibrin glue group. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:255–258, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxicity of photodynamic therapy after combined external beam radiotherapy and intraluminal brachytherapy for carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Sanfilippo Nicholas J. , Hsi Alex , DeNittis Albert S. , Ginsberg Gregory G. , Kochman Michael L. , Friedberg Joseph S. , Hahn Stephen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo describe the toxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract who received prior treatment with external beam irradiation and intraluminal brachytherapy (IB).Study Design/Materials and MethodsHospital records of PDT patients were reviewed. Three patients who received prior treatment with external beam irradiation and IB were identified. Two patients had esophageal carcinoma treated with combined chemotherapy and external beam irradiation (55.8 and 50.4 Gy) followed by IB (12 Gy and 35 Gy at 1 cm). These patients then received PDT for treatment of recurrence (2 mg/kg Photofrin injection and 2 light applications: 630 nm, 150–200 J/cm, 200–400 mW/cm). One patient had non‐small cell lung cancer treated with external beam irradiation (60 Gy) followed by IB (36.1 Gy at 1 cm) and then received PDT for recurrence (1 mg/kg Photofrin injection and one light application: 630 nm, 150 J/cm, 200 mW/cm).ResultsOne patient with esophagus cancer had formation of a tracheoesophageal fistula, which required stent placement. The other esophageal cancer patient developed quadriplegia due to an epidural abscess arising from a fistula with the diseased portion of the esophagus. The lung cancer patient had massive hemoptysis after the procedure and died 2 days later. Autopsy showed necrotizing arteritis of the right pulmonary artery.ConclusionPatients with upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma who have received treatment with both external beam irradiation and IB seem to be at higher risk for complications when treated with PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:278–281, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treating REM syndrome with the pulsed dye laser
Authors: Greve Baerbel , Raulin Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveREM syndrome (reticular erythematous mucinosis) is a benign but bothersome skin disease that common occurs in middle age and among women. Local and systemic treatment measures are often associated with a high rate of side effects and relapses are common. We evaluated the pulsed dye laser as an alternative method because of its good efficacy in vascular skin diseases.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe treated two female patients with REM syndrome using the pulsed dye laser.ResultsIn both patients the erythematous skin changes were almost completely removed after five and three laser sessions, respectively. Other than transient hypopigmentation, no side effects occurred. In one case there is still no evidence of recurrence 6 years after a trial treatment was conducted. In the same patient, clinical success was histologically confirmed.ConclusionsThis is the first report on the successful treatment of REM syndrome of two female patients with the pulsed dye laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:248–251, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Buying group choice: The effect of individual group member's prior decision frame
Authors: Stoddard James E. , Fern Edward F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article reports the results from two experiments that tested decision‐framing effects on choices made by simulated organizational buying groups. The first experiment showed that the choice of suppliers by buying groups varied depending on the nature of the decision frame. Moreover, group influence seemed to intensify the effect of the loss decision frame. The second experiment tested whether mixed‐frame groups used a lexicographic strategy to make multidimensional supplier choice decisions. Buying groups faced with a choice between two suppliers that differed with respect to price and quality chose the supplier that was best on the most important attribute—quality. Also, the decision frame associated with the important attribute affected the buying groups' choices. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How buyers frame problems: Revisited
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth J. , McMurrian Robert C. , Woodside Arch G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article investigates the following propositions: a useful approach for building an organizational‐buying–behavior taxonomy might begin with classifying how buyers frame purchasing problems followed by how such frames affect subsequent perceptions and actions in the decision process. Unlike previous taxonomies of buying situations, direct questioning of organizational buyers is used to learn: (1) whether or not they identify different categories of buying problems; (2) if they do, what dimensions they use when framing buying problems; and (3) how do such frames influence their choices of value‐added service alternatives offered by suppliers. To test the propositions empirically, supplier choices are modeled with the use of buying‐decision exercises. A key result of this study is that the buyers’ framing of problems affects their preferences for vendor designs of value‐added customer services. Most likely, the framing of buying problems by organizational buyers is layered and more complex than related taxonomies found in the marketing literature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Consumer ethnocentrism when foreign products are better
Authors: Supphellen Magne , Rittenburg Terri L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a great deal of research exploring the concept of consumer ethnocentrism, although little has been done in Eastern Bloc countries. In these countries, foreign brands are often clearly superior to domestic alternatives. This study applied the CETSCALE in a survey of 218 Polish consumers with respect to attitudes and beliefs for one domestic and two foreign gas station brands. The findings suggest that, in a situation where foreign brands are superior to domestic ones, consumer ethnocentrism is displayed in more positive perceptions of the domestic brand, with little or no effect on perceptions of foreign brands. Moreover, the effect of consumer ethnocentrism on evaluations of different types of product qualities (search vs. experience) is explored. The results support the prediction that consumer ethnocentrism has greater impact on evaluations of experience qualities than on search qualities. Managerial implications and future research directions are suggested. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Protein kinase C‐β, fibronectin, α5β1‐integrin, and tumor necrosis factor‐α are required for phorbol diester–induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Laouar Amale , Glesne David , Huberman Eliezer 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe human myeloid HL‐60 cell line and its cell variant HL‐525 were used to study signaling events leading to apoptosis induction by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) enzymes. Unlike parental cells, HL‐525 cells are PKC‐β deficient and resistant to PMA‐induced apoptosis. These cells regain susceptibility to apoptosis induction after transfection with a PKC‐β expression vector. By using this vector and specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), it was established that PMA‐induced apoptosis also called for an interaction between cell‐surface α5β1‐integrin and its deposited ligand fibronectin (FN), which is downstream of PKC‐β activation. Experiments with mAbs, the PKC‐β vector, and exogenous FN revealed that the next step entailed an interaction between secreted tumor necrosis factor‐α and its type I receptor. By using a sphingomyelinase inhibitor, it was concluded that the subsequent step involved ceramide production. Moreover, a permeable ceramide was effective in inducing apoptosis in both HL‐60 and HL‐525 cells, and this induction was caspase‐1 and/or ‐4 dependent because an inhibitor of these caspases abrogated the induced apoptosis. Based on these and related differentiation studies, we conclude that the above signaling events, the early ones in particular, are shared with PMA‐induced macrophage differentiation in the HL‐60 cells. It is likely that once these cells acquire their macrophage phenotype and perform their tasks, they become superfluous and are eliminated from the body by a self‐triggered apoptotic process that involves our proposed signaling scheme. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Restoration of wild‐type conformation and activity of a temperature‐sensitive mutant of p53 (p53V272M) by the cytoprotective aminothiol WR1065 in the esophageal cancer cell line TE‐1
Authors: North Sophie , Pluquet Olivier , Maurici Daniela , El Ghissassi Fatiha , Hainaut Pierre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aminothiol WR1065, the active metabolite of the cytoprotector amifostine, exerts its antimutagenic effects through free‐radical scavenging and other unknown mechanisms. In an earlier report, we showed that WR1065 activates wild‐type p53 in MCF‐7 cells, leading to p53‐dependent arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. To determine whether WR1065 activates p53 by modulating protein conformation, we analyzed its effects on p53 conformation and activity in the esophageal cancer cell line TE‐1. This cell line contains a mutation in codon 272 of p53 (p53V272M, with methionine instead of a valine), conferring temperature‐sensitive properties to the p53 protein. At the nonpermissive temperature (37°C), p53V272M adopts the mutant p53 conformation (nonreactive with the antibody PAb1620), does not bind specifically to DNA, and is not activated in response to DNA‐damaging treatment. However, treatment with 0.5–4 mM WR1065 partially restored wild‐type conformation at 37°C, stimulated DNA binding activity, and increased the expression of p53 target genes WAF‐1, GADD45, and MDM2, leading to cell‐cycle arrest in G1. These results suggest that WR1065 activates p53 through a mechanism distinct from DNA‐damage signaling, which involves modulation of p53 protein conformation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a novel gene, STAG1/PMEPA1, upregulated in renal cell carcinoma and other solid tumors
Authors: Rae Fiona K. , Hooper John D. , Nicol David L. , Clements Judith A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUsing differential display–polymerase chain reaction, we identified a novel gene sequence, designated solid tumor–associated gene 1 (STAG1), that is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The full‐length cDNA (4839 bp) encompassed the recently reported androgen‐regulated prostatic cDNA PMEPA1, and so we refer to this gene as STAG1/PMEPA1. Two STAG1/PMEPA1 mRNA transcripts of approximately 2.7 and 5 kb, with identical coding regions but variant 3′ untranslated regions, were predominantly expressed in normal prostate tissue and at lower levels in the ovary. The expression of this gene was upregulated in 87% of RCC samples and also was upregulated in stomach and rectal adenocarcinomas. In contrast, STAG1/PMEPA1 expression was barely detectable in leukemia and lymphoma samples. Analysis of expressed sequence tag databases showed that STAG1/PMEPA1 also was expressed in pancreatic, endometrial, and prostatic adenocarcinomas. The STAG1/PMEPA1 cDNA encodes a 287‐amino‐acid protein containing a putative transmembrane domain and motifs that suggest that it may bind src homology 3– and tryptophan tryptophan domain–containing proteins. This protein shows 67% identity to the protein encoded by the chromosome 18 open reading frame 1 gene. Translation of STAG1/PMEPA1 mRNA in vitro showed two products of 36 and 39 kDa, respectively, suggesting that translation may initiate at more than one site. Comparison to genomic clones showed that STAG1/PMEPA1 was located on chromosome 20q13 between microsatellite markers D20S183 and D20S173 and spanned four exons and three introns. The upregulation of this gene in several solid tumors indicated that it may play an important role in tumorigenesis.©2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by magnolol in colon and liver cancer cells
Authors: Lin Shyr‐Yi , Chang Yu‐Tza , Liu Jean‐Dean , Yu Chung‐Hsun , Ho Yuan‐Soon , Lee Yi‐Hsuan , Lee Wen‐Sen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMagnolol has been reported to have anticancer activity. In this study we found that treatment with 100 μm magnolol induced apoptosis in cultured human hepatoma (Hep G2) and colon cancer (COLO 205) cell lines but not in human untransformed gingival fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Our investigation of apoptosis in Hep G2 cells showed a sequence of associated intracellular events that included (a) increased cytosolic free Ca2+; (b) increased translocation of cytochrome c (Cyto c) from mitochondria to cytosol; (c) activation of caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9; and (d) downregulation of bcl‐2 protein. Pretreatment of the cells with the phospholipase C inhibitor 1‐[6‐[[(17β)‐3‐methoxyestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17‐yl]amino]hexyl]‐1 H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione (U73122) or the intracellular chelator of Ca2+ 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM) inhibited the subsequent magnolol augmentation of [Ca2+]i and also the activation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9, so that the occurrence of apoptosis in those cells was greatly reduced. Pretreatment of the cells with ZB4 (which disrupts the Fas response mechanism) also decreased the subsequent magnolol‐induced caspase‐8 activation and reduced the occurrence of apoptosis. We interpreted these findings to indicate that the above‐listed sequence of intracellular events led to the apoptosis seen in Hep G2 cells and that [Ca2+]i, Cyto c, and Fas function as intracellular signals to coordinate those events. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indifference sets of reference points in multi‐objective integer linear programming
Authors: Alves Maria João , Clímaco João 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReference point approaches for multi‐objective problems rely on the definition of an achievement scalarizing function that projects reference points onto the non‐dominated solution set. In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of reference points using a Tchebycheff metric‐based scalarizing function in multi‐objective pure integer linear programming (MOILP). Since the non‐dominated solutions are discrete in MOILP, there are multiple reference points that lead to the same solution, i.e. there are indifference sets on the reference point space. We investigate some properties of the reference points in MOILP and also the graphical representation of indifference sets for tri‐objective problems. We further investigate properties of the reference points when additional limitations on the objective function values are introduced. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of ropivacaine and its metabolites in human plasma using solid phase microextraction and GC‐NPD/GC‐MS
Authors: Abdel‐Rehim Mohamed , Andersson Mikael , Portelius Erik , Norsten‐Höög Carina , Blomberg Lars G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe performance of solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with capillary gas chromatography (CGC) to quantify ropivacaine and its metabolites in human plasma was investigated. The analysis was performed using either a nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) or a mass‐spectrometric detector. For extraction, Carbowax/divinylbenzene, polyacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane fibers were tested. Absorption and desorption times were studied for all analytes separately. The Carbowax/divinylbenzene fiber gave the highest recovery in plasma samples as compared to the other fibers. The effects of temperature, addition of salt, and agitation of the sample were studied. The validation of the method showed that the chromatographic selectivity was satisfactory and all metabolites were well separated. SPME gave higher deviation as compared to published data for solid‐phase and liquid‐liquid extraction as sample preparation methods but the acceptance criteria for the study validation were well in line with the international criteria. The major disadvantage of SPME in quantitative bioanalysis is that the fiber does not withstand a complete run (standards+blanks+QC samples+patient samples). Also, the quality of fiber and the fiber length can differ from batch to batch. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 313–321, 2001
Corporate criminal law and organization incentives: a managerial perspective
Authors: Garoupa Nuno 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCorporate criminal liability puts a serious challenge to the economic theory of enforcement. Are corporate crimes different from other crimes? Are these crimes best deterred by punishing individuals, punishing corporations, or both? What is optimal structure of sanctions? Should corporate liability be criminal or civil? This paper has two major contributions to the literature. First, it provides a common analytical framework to most results presented and largely discussed in the field. Second, by making use of the framework, we provide new insights into how corporations should be punished for the offenses committed by their employees. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.