bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InCl3-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides with Thiols
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V S , Baishya Gakul 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Epoxides react smoothly with thiols in the presence of 10 mol% InCl3 under very mild conditions to afford the corresponding β-hydroxy sulfides in high yields with high regioselectivity. Similar yields and selectivity are also obtained with catalytic amount of indium triflate under these reaction conditions.
Charge Transfer Assisted Ferromagnetic Coupling Observed in an Ion-Radical Salt of a Cross-Cyclophane TTF-Based Donor
Authors: Izuoka Akira , Tanabe Jun , Sugawara Tadashi , Kudo Tomoyuki , Saito Tomohiro , Kawada Yuzo 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The ferromagnetic interaction was observed in a conducting ion-radical salt of a TTF-based cross-cyclophane type dimeric donor.
Selenothiophosphinic Acid Salts: Efficient Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Kimura Tsutomu , Miwa Akihiro , Kurachi Daisuke , Kato Shinzi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
An efficient synthesis of selenothiophosphinic acid salts is achieved by reacting selenothiophosphinic acid S-(2-trimethylsilyl)ethyl esters with ammonium or alkali metal fluorides. The X-ray structure analysis of the potassium 18-crown-6 selenothiophosphinic acid salt shows that the salt is monomeric. Alkylation of the salts proceeds at the selenium atom whereas acylation occurs at the sulfur atom.
Mononuclear to Tetranuclear Structural Transformation in Vanadyl Complexes of 3-Hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic Acid (H2hpic)
Authors: Yano Shigenobu , Nakai Misaki , Sekiguchi Fumi , Obata Makoto , Kato Masako , Shiro Motoo , Kinoshita Isamu , Mikuriya Masahiro , Sakurai Hiromu , Orvig Chris 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Reaction of vanadyl sulfate with 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid (H2hpic) affords two chargeless complexes, [VO(Hhpic-O,O)(Hhpic-O,N)(H2O)]·3H2O (1) and unprecedented cyclic tetranuclear complex [(VO)4(μ-(hpic-O,O′,N))(H2O)4]·8H2O (2), which were characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The unique structural transformation between complexes 1 and 2 was found.
Anomalous Increase in Photocurrent Density for Quasi-solid Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by Addition of Tetra(bromomethyl)benzene
Authors: Mikoshiba Satoshi , Murai Shinji , Sumino Hiroyasu , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Anomalous phenomena on gel electrolytes for quasi-dye sensitized solar cells are reported. Performances for gel electrolytes usually decrease with an increase in the amount of gelators. When tetra(bromomethyl)benzene providing three dimensional ionomer gel electrolytes is used, photocurrents increase with an increase in the amount of the gelator. This may be explained partially by decrease in interfacial resistances between gel electrolytes and electrodes.
Rational Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Heterometallic-Heterochalcogenido Cubane-Type Clusters [(Cp*M)2(MoOCl2){MoCl2(dmf)}(μ3-S)2(μ3-Se)2] (M=Rh, Ir)
Authors: Seino Hidetake , Hidai Masanobu , Mizobe Yasushi 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Reactions of [{MoO(dmf)3}2(μ2-S)2]I2 with [(Cp*MCl)2(μ2-SeH)2] (M=Rh, Ir) in the presence of NMe4Cl gave mixed-metal sulfido-selenido clusters [(Cp*M)2(MoOCl2){MoCl2(dmf)}(μ3-S)2(μ3-Se)2], whose cubane-type core structures have been demonstrated in detail by X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis and Structure of a Molecular Metal Wheel, an Octanuclear Silver(I) Cluster Formed by Racemic 2-Mercaptopropionic Acid and Triphenylphosphine Ligands
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Yokoyama Hironari , Noguchi Ryusuke , Machida Kazuya 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
The molecular structure of [H4Ag8(2-mpa)6(PPh3)6]·EtOH 1 (2-H2mpa=a racemic form of 2-mercaptopropionic acid), prepared by a 1:5 molar-ratio reaction of polymeric [Ag(2-Hmpa)]n 2 suspended in EtOH with PPh3 in CHCl3, was a wheel-type octanuclear silver(I) cluster; the rim of the wheel was constructed with the outside six Ag(μ3-S)2P units and the axle was formed by the central two Ag(μ3-S)3 units with Ag–Ag separation, 3.122 Å.
Facile Synthetic Approach to Functionalized 4,5-Disubstituted Norbornene Monomers
Authors: Wynne James H , Lloyd Christopher T , Cozzens Robert F 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Manipulation of a single Diels-Alder adduct employing a Ritter-type reaction affords a variety of diamido norbornene monomers. These monomers serve as excellent substrates for ring opening metathesis polymerization to afford functionalized polymers. Subsequent reduction of the amide monomers readily affords the corresponding diaminomethyl norbornenes. The functionalities reported were selected to afford maximum coordination ability, thereby facilitating the incorporation of metallic species and allowing for control of solubility by varying the N-alkyl pendant groups.
Removal of Nitrate in Water by Hydrogenation with a Noble Metal-Free Ni-Base Catalyst
Authors: Mikami Ikko , Okuhara Toshio 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Porous Ni catalyst modified with a small amount of Zr was found to be highly active for hydrogenation of nitrate (200 ppm) in water at 333 K. This is the first example of noble metal-free catalyst effective for this reaction.
Self-assembly of Donor and Acceptor π-Conjugated Molecules via Complexation with γ-Cyclodextrin to Give a Pseudorotaxane Type Macromolecular Adduct with an Expanded π-Conjugation System
Authors: Yamaguchi Isao , Yamamoto Takakazu 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A macromolecular adduct was prepared by double-threading of donor type and acceptor type π-conjugated guest molecules into γ-cyclodextrin. According to the adduct formation, the UV-vis of the guest molecules showed a large bathochromic shift of 150 nm, suggesting formation of a new type of effectively expanded π-conjugation system. Other data supported this view.
Enhancement of N Concentration in ZnO Codoped with Be and N Atoms
Authors: Sanmyo Masahiro , Kobayashi Kenkichiro , Tomita Yasumasa 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
ZnO films containing Be and N atoms have been prepared by sputtering of a target of ZnO with Be metal sheets in N2 atmosphere. The length of c-axis of ZnO film is shortened with an increase of the Be concentration. The concentration of N atoms in a sputtered ZnO film is estimated to be 7.1%, which is about twice that of Be atoms.
Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with Ionic Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Kubo Wataru , Makimoto Youhei , Kitamura Takayuki , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
A quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated with ionic polymer electrolyte showed a 3.8% conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2) irradiation, and long-term stability without any sealing.
Esterification of Surface Modified Silver Nanoparticles with n-Butanol
Authors: Tominaga Junya , Sato Seiichi , Yao Hiroshi , Kimura Keisaku 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Surface modified nanometer-sized silver particles with mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) are crystallized in the size range of few micron-meter. The esterification of carboxylic acid of MSA on the surface of particles is performed with n-butanol, enabling phase transfer from water to organic phase. The yield of esterification was found to be more than 90%.
Mercaptopropyl Al–Mg phyllosilicate: Synthesis and Characterization by XRD, IR, and NMR
Authors: Jaber Maguy , Miehe-Brendle Jocelyne , Dred Ronan Le 
Published: September 2002

Abstract
Adsorbent material with a layered structure was obtained at room temperature. The synthesis involves the reaction of three ethanolic solutions (3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, aluminum acetylacetonate and magnesium nitrate). This is the first example of organophyllosilicate having Al in the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. The presence of thiol functions in the framework was confirmed by FT-IR.
The Central Role of Entrepreneurs in Transition Economies
Authors: McMillan John , Woodruff Christopher 
Published: September 2002

The authors summarize entrepreneurial patterns in the transition economies, particularly Russia, China, Poland and Vietnam. Markets developed spontaneously in every transition country, but they were built at varying speeds. Some governments impeded the entrepreneurs' self-help by creating conditions that made it hard for informal contracting to work; others created an environment that was conducive to self-help. The spontaneous emergence of markets, furthermore, has its limits. As firms' activities became more complex, they came to need formal institutions. Some governments fostered entrepreneurship by building market-supporting infrastructure; others did not. The authors argue that the success or failure of a transition economy can be traced in large part to the performance of its entrepreneurs.
The effect of religiosity and ethnic origin on direct and indirect aggression among males and females: Some Israeli findings
Authors: Landau Simha F. , Björkqvist Kaj , Lagerspetz Kirsti M.J. , Österman Karin , Gideon Lior 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIsraeli society is characterized by significant internal divisions. Two of the most salient of these divisions within the Jewish population relate to (1) religiosity (religious vs. secular Jews) and (2) ethnic origin (Eastern [Asian and North African] vs. Western [European and American]). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these social divisions on aggressive behavior and victimization to aggression among Israeli children. Three types of aggressive behavior (physical, verbal, and indirect) were investigated by means of peer estimation. The sample (N = 630) was composed of three age groups (8‐, 11‐, and 15‐year‐olds). The findings indicate that in general, secular respondents scored higher on aggressive behavior and victimization than their religious counterparts, and respondents of Eastern origin scored higher than those of Israeli or Western origin. The effect of both religiosity and ethnic origin was stronger among girls than among boys. Ethnic origin had no effect on any of the boys’ measures but did affect these measures among girls. Among boys, religiosity affected verbal and indirect aggression and victimization. Among girls, indirect aggression and victimization, as well as victimization to physical aggression, were affected by religiosity. As to the effect of age, similar to previous studies, in all types of aggression and victimization, the 11‐year‐olds scored highest and the 15‐year‐olds scored lowest. Differences between the three types of aggression and victimization, as well as various interactions between the variables, are reported. The results are discussed within the wider context of the role of religiosity and ethnic origin in Israeli society. Aggr. Behav. 28:281–298, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on morphology and mechanical properties of EPDM‐g‐VOS/LLDPE blends for engineering applications
Authors: Kumar M. Suresh Chandra , Alagar M. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new type of vinyloxyaminosilane (VOS) grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM‐g‐VOS) has been synthesized in a Haake Rheocord‐90, torque rheometer. Using EPDM‐g‐VOS the blends of linear low density polyethylene (EPDM‐g‐VOS/LLDPE) with varying percentage compositions were prepared in a two‐roll mixing mill. The morphology of the EPDM‐g‐VOS/LLDPE blends was studied using a scanning electron microscope. The morphology of the blends indicated a two‐phase structure in which the minor phase is dispersed as domains in the major continuous phase. However, at 50 wt% both EPDM‐g‐VOS and LLDPE exist as continuous phases and generate co‐continuous morphology. The effect of blend ratio and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) concentration on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, and hardness have been investigated. It was ascertained that the mechanical properties of blends increase with increase of LLDPE content and DCP concentration. An attempt has been made in this investigation to correlate the variation of mechanical properties with morphology of the blend. Data from reprocessability studies of the blends indicate that these blends can be recycled and reprocessed several times without appreciable loss of their mechanical characteristics. Data on mechanical characteristics indicate that these blends can be used for engineering applications with better performance than ungrafted EPDM. The EPDM‐g‐VOS/LLDPE blends developed in the present work may find applications in the field of automobiles and medium high voltage cable insulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 201–213, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10019
Simulation of injection‐compression molding process, Part 3: Effect of process conditions on part birefringence
Authors: Chen Shia‐Chung , Chen Yung‐Cheng , Peng Hsin‐Shu , Huang Lei‐Ti 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSimulations of the injection‐compression molding (ICM) process based on a Leonov viscoelastic fluid model has been employed to study the effects of processing conditions on the birefringence development and distribution in injection‐compression molded parts. A numerical algorithm combined with a modified control‐volume/finite‐element method is developed to predict the melt front advancement and the distributions of pressure, temperature, and flow velocity dynamically during the injection melt‐filling, compression melt‐filling, and postfilling stages of the entire process. Part birefringence was then calculated from residual stresses following the thermal‐mechanical history of the entire molding process. Simulations of a disk part under different process conditions including compression speed, switch time from injection to compression, compression stroke, packing pressure, and postfilling time were performed to understand their effects on birefringence variation. The simulated results were also compared with those required by conventional injection molding (CIM). It has been found that an ICM part shows a significant reduction of part birefringence near the gate area as compared with CIM parts. However, ICM parts exhibit higher birefringence values near the rim of the disk. The minimum birefringence occurs around the location where injection is switched over to compression. Although longer postfilling time and higher packing pressure result in higher birefringence values, their effects are not very significant. On the other hand, higher compression speed, larger compression stroke, and shorter switch time exhibit greater effects on the increase of part birefringence. Flow‐induced residual stress is the major origin of birefringence formation in the present case. The simulated birefringence for both ICM and CIM parts show good coincidence with those obtained from measurements by using a digital photoelasticity technique. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 177–187, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10024
Adolescent work patterns and work‐related injury incidence in rural Minnesota
Authors: Parker David L. , Merchant Deborah , Munshi Kaizad 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there have been many studies on working youth in the United States, we have noted none which have provided a broad picture of adolescent work practices in a rural community.MethodsSix high schools in rural Minnesota were evaluated for adolescent work practices. Schools ranged in size from 173 to 525 students in grades 9 through 12. A 20 page self‐administered survey examining work practices was administered to students.ResultsA total of 2,250 students completed the survey, representing 92% of the student body. Twenty‐eight percent of students lived on a farm. Approximately 45% of the male students and slightly more than 21% of the females were involved in farm work. Only 2.6% of students were injured during this 8‐month time period in farm‐related activities, and 5.1% were injured doing non‐farm work. Many students reported working long hours.ConclusionsWork represents a serious problem for rural youth. These data are significant in the context of national policy discussion concerning the failure of the Fair Labor Standards Act to regulate the agricultural environment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:134–141, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Causes, nature, and outcomes of work‐related injuries to adolescents working at farm and non‐farm jobs in rural Minnesota
Authors: Munshi Kaizad , Parker David L. , Bannerman‐Thompson Hansen , Merchant Deborah 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are many studies on working adolescents, information on youth who simultaneously hold jobs on both a farm and in other sectors of the economy is lacking.MethodsSix high schools in rural Minnesota were evaluated for adolescent work practices and injury incidence. A 20‐page self‐administered survey was administered to students.ResultsA total of 2,250 students completed the survey, representing 92% of the student body. Students that simultaneously hold both farm and non‐farm jobs have a significantly higher proportion of injuries. However, annual injury rates are highest for those working in non‐farm only (26.7/100 full‐time equivalents, FTEs) or farm only (25.9/100 FTEs) employment when compared with those working simultaneously in farm and non‐farm jobs (21.9/100 FTEs).ConclusionsMany rural students employed simultaneously on farm and non‐farm jobs work long hours and are at significant risk of work‐related injury. The annual injury rates we estimated are higher than those reported in previous studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:142–149, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory health of automobile workers and exposures to metal‐working fluid aerosols: Lung spirometry
Authors: Eisen Ellen A. , Smith Thomas J. , Kriebel David , Woskie Susan R. , Myers Douglas J. , Kennedy Susan M. , Shalat Stuart , Monson Richard R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundDespite substantial evidence that workers exposed to metal‐working fluids (MWF) have increased respiratory morbidity, the few studies of chronic effects on lung function have not been conclusive.MethodsLung spirometry was measured and both current and past exposures to metal‐working fluid (MWF) aerosols were estimated in this cross‐sectional cohort of 1,811 male automobile workers. Satisfactory exposure data were available for 1,745 (96%): 239 assemblers (never‐exposed to MWF), 487 assemblers (previously exposed), 352 machinists currently exposed to straight oils, 441 to soluble oils, and 226 to synthetic fluids. Operations were classified as either grinding or non‐grinding machining.ResultsCurrent exposure was not found to be associated with either forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or forced ventilatory capacity (FVC). Nor was past exposure to water‐based fluids (soluble or synthetic MWF) related to pulmonary function. Past exposure to straight oils, however, was significantly associated with FVC. This association was more obvious among older workers and among workers who had never transferred from MWF exposed jobs to assembly.ConclusionsThe magnitude of the association between FVC and lifetime exposure to straight MWF was slightly larger than the estimated cigarette effect, suggesting that the impact of an additional year of exposure to 1 mg/m3 of mineral oil particulate in the thoracic particle size range, has the same impact on FVC as smoking one pack per day for one more year. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:443–453, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prospective study of lung function among boilermaker construction workers exposed to combustion particulates
Authors: Hauser Russ , Eisen Ellen A. , Pothier Lucille , Christiani David C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundGiven the evidence of both acute cross‐shift and short‐term decrements in lung function in boilermaker construction workers following occupational exposure to combustion particulates, we sought to determine whether exposure is associated with an annual loss in lung function.MethodsAs part of an ongoing investigation, we conducted a 2‐year longitudinal study of lung function among 118 boilermakers. Exposure was assessed with a work history questionnaire. Spirometry measurements were performed annually.ResultsWe found an association between annual FEV1 and hours worked at a gas‐fired plant during the previous year, β = − 9.8 mls/100 hours worked (95% CI: − 16.0, − 3.5) after adjustment for age, baseline FEV1 and cigarette smoking status. The adjusted association between FEV1 and “ever” worked at a gas‐fired plant was  − 99.7 mls (95% CI: − 154.8, − 44.5). There was also evidence of a negative association between FEV1 and “ever” worked and hours worked at oil and coal‐fired plants.ConclusionsThese data suggest an association between annual lung function loss and working at gas, coal and oil‐fired plants. Further follow‐up of this cohort of boilermakers is in progress. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:454–462, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnancy outcome following exposure to shortwaves among female physiotherapists in Israel
Authors: Lerman Yehuda , Jacubovich Ruben , Green Manfred S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe findings of the few epidemiological studies on the possible association between shortwave diathermy use by pregnant physiotherapists and adverse pregnancy outcome are inconsistent. We investigated such an association among physiotherapists in Israel.MethodsIndividualized data on exposure to shortwaves, ultrasound, and heavy lifting were collected by questionnaires and telephone interviews.ResultsThe 434 studied women included 930 pregnancies: 175 ended in spontaneous abortions, 45 had fetal malformations, 47 were delivered prematurely, and 33 infants had low birth weight. The remaining 630 normal pregnancies comprised the control group. Univariate analysis showed that exposure to shortwaves was associated with a significantly increased odds ratio (O.R.) for congenital malformations (O.R. 2.24, CI 1.27–4.83, P = .006) and low birth weight (O.R. 2.99, CI 1.32–6,79, P = .006). This effect increased in a dose‐related manner. After controlling for potential confounding variables, only low birth weight reached statistical significance (O.R. 2.75, CI 1.07–7.04, P = .03). From the potentially confounding variables tested, febrile disease during pregnancy was found to be significantly associated with low birth weight (O.R. 3.37, CI 1.38–8.25, P = .01).ConclusionsThe findings of our study suggest that shortwaves have potentially harmful effects on pregnancy outcome, specifically low birth weight. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:499–504, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RE: MTBE misclassified
Authors: Mirer Franklin E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDr. Mehlman's commentary on the decision not to list methyl‐tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in the NTP 9th Report on Carcinogens correctly raises process questions, but also leads back to the public health fundamentals of motor fuel toxicity. I was a voter in the minority for listing MTBE, and also a peer reviewer for the revised criteria for listing substances some years ago. Dr. Mehlman's commentary brings to light a prime example of "Houdini Risk Assessments", risk assessments which make the risk disappear and, therefore, allow industry to escape preventive measures.
RE: Mesothelioma and lung tumors attributable to asbestos among petroleum workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2000. 37:275–282
Authors: Bailey William J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the March 2000 issue of the Journal, Gennaro et al. present data on lung tumors among Italian oil refinery workers as part of their analysis showing that refinery maintenance workers have a higher risk of lung tumors compared to several different internal and external reference groups. I wish to comment on several aspects of the study which to me raise questions about the choice of the internal reference group, as well as the data presented on maintenance workers.