bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Everybody that's here, is legal” white employers' racial ideologies in the workplace and justifications for hiring undocumented Latino laborers
Authors: Salinas Juan L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhite employers routinely hire undocumented Latino immigrant workers based on their perceived racializations about their subservience. Researchers have explored how employers racialize Latinos, yet there is less understanding of how white employers justify breaking immigration labor policies. This study analyzes the justifications of both racialized exploitation and organizational decoupling that supports violations of immigration laws. Using in‐depth interviews with 20 white employers, this study explores employer racializations of Latinos, views of whiteness in the workplace, and justifications to hire undocumented immigrants. White employers praise Latinos for their perceived subservience, favor whites for management, and neutralize their own unlawful actions of hiring undocumented laborers. White employers frame themselves as rational, innocent, and virtuous while reinforcing racial stratification and breaking immigration laws. This study provides insights on employer labor practices with implications for labor mobility, migration reform, and racial inequality in the workplace.
The addition of doxycycline to fluoroquinolones for bacterial prophylaxis in autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
Authors: Guare Emma G. , Hale Cory M. , Sivik Jeffrey , Lehman Erik , Inoue Yoshika , Rakszawski Kevin , Songdej Natthapol , Nickolich Myles , Zheng Hong , Naik Seema , Claxton David , Rybka Witold , Hohl Raymond , Mineishi Shin , Minagawa Kentaro , Paules Catharine I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBacterial prophylaxis with a fluoroquinolone (FQ) during autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is common, although not standardized among transplant centers. The addition of doxycycline (doxy) to FQ prophylaxis was previously linked to reduced neutropenic fever and bacteremia in multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergoing ASCT although several confounders were present. We compared the incidence of neutropenic fever and bacteremia between MM patients variably receiving prophylaxis with FQ alone and FQ‐doxy during ASCT.MethodsSystematic retrospective chart review of MM patients who underwent ASCT between January 2016 and December 2021. The primary objective was to determine the effect of bacterial prophylaxis on neutropenic fever and bacteremia within 30 days of ASCT. Multivariable logistic regression for neutropenic fever and univariate logistic regression for bacteremia accounted for differences in subject characteristics between groups.ResultsAmong 341 subjects, 121 received FQ and 220 received FQ‐doxy for prophylaxis. Neutropenic fever developed in 67 (55.4%) and 87 (39.5%) subjects in the FQ and FQ‐doxy groups, respectively (p = .005). Bacteremia was infrequent, with 5 (4.1%) and 5 (2.3%) cases developing in the FQ and FQ‐doxy groups, respectively (p = .337). Among Gram‐negative bacteremia events, 7/7 Escherichia coli strains were FQ‐resistant, and 5/7 were ceftriaxone‐resistant.ConclusionThe FQ‐doxy prophylaxis group had fewer cases of neutropenic fever than the FQ group, however, there was no significant difference in bacteremia. High rates of antibiotic resistance were observed. An updated randomized controlled trial investigating appropriate prophylaxis for ASCT in the context of current oncology standards and changing antimicrobial resistance rates is warranted.
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Mechanical Properties of Doped Solder SAC-Q for High Strain Rate Testing at Extreme Surrounding Temperatures for 6 Months of Isothermal Aging
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Mehta Vishal , Suhling Jeff , Blecker Ken 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In various industries, including automobile industry, oil and gas, aerospace, and medical technology, electronic components are subjected to significant strain during shocks, vibrations, and drop conditions. Electronic components of this type are frequently subjected to extreme temperatures ranging from –65 °C to 200 °C. These electronic equipment are frequently subjected to strain rates of 1 to 100 sec−1 in sensitive conditions. SAC-Q, SAC-R, Innolot, and other doped SAC solder alloys have recently been introduced to electronic components and packages. SAC-Q refers to the addition of Bi to the Sn-Ag-Cu composition. The mechanical characteristic results and statistics for lead-free solder alloys are particularly important for increasing electronic package stability and high-temperature storage and strain rates. Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics of solder alloys can be dramatically altered owing to thermal aging, which causes microstructure alteration. For high-temperature aging for longer durations and testing at extremely low to very high working temperatures, SAC-Q solder alloy data is not available. The SAC-Q solder material was tested and studied at working temperatures ranging from −65 °C to 200 °C, with strain rates of up to 75 sec−1, for this study. A comparison was also done with the SAC305 solder, which had been thermally aged and tested under identical conditions. Isothermal aging specimens were kept at 100 °C for up to 180 days following manufacturing and reflowing when tensile studies were conducted at various operating temperatures. This study develops and describes stress–strain curves for a wide variety of strain rates and test temperatures. In addition, the test results and data collected were matched to the Anand viscoplasticity model, and Anand constants were calculated by estimating high strain rate behavior throughout a wide range of operating temperatures and stress levels. In addition, for BGA package assembly with PCB, FE analysis was performed for drop/shock events. For varied aging circumstances of SAC-Q solder ball joints, hysteresis stress–strain curves and plastic work density curves are generated.
Modeling of Average Nusselt Number by Machine Learning and Interpolation Techniques
Authors: Pekmen Geridonmez Bengisen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, an important heat transfer, fluid flow parameter, and average Nusselt number Nu¯ are statistically modeled by using the data obtained from a numerical process. The two-dimensional, time-dependent dimensionless equations of natural convection (NC) flow either in the absence or in the presence of a uniform inclined magnetic field (MF) are numerically solved by using global radial basis function (RBF) method in spatial derivatives and the second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) in time derivatives. Numerical simulations are performed in a set of combined dimensionless problem parameters. A dataset with inputs Rayleigh number Ra, Prandtl number Pr, and output Nu¯ in the absence of MF and a dataset with inputs Ra, Pr, Hartmann number Ha, inclination angle γ, and output Nu¯ in the presence of inclined uniform MF are saved. The obtained data are separated into train and test sets. Then, Nu¯ is first modeled by Neural Networks (NN). Second, interpolation is also examined. In terms of mean squared error (MSE) metric, NN outputs give the best goodness of fit results compared to curve fitting on test data. On the other side, it is shown that interpolation is also an alternative for modeling. This modeling issue enables one to get the desired result without making heavy numerical calculations many times.
The Axial Compressive Response of Thin, Elastic, Polygonal Shells
Authors: Tiwari Vishwa Mohan , D’Mello Royan J. , Vijayachandran Avinkrishnan Ambika , Waas Anthony M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Thin-walled cylindrical shell structures are revisited with the objective of increasing the axial load-carrying capacity. By using the postbuckling reserve of rectangular plates, polygonal shells are studied, which combines the response of a plate-like structure with a shell-like structure. These “plate-shells” are shown to be imperfection insensitive for a range of polygonal shell designs. Furthermore, their collapse load exceeds the corresponding load for a circular cylindrical shell. These results are a significant departure from the well-known imperfection sensitivity in the axial compressive response of cylindrical shells.
Unusual case of intraosseous primary intracranial malignant melanoma
Authors: Guarrera Brando , Coati Irene , Giarletta Mario 
Published: January 2024

Primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) represents 0.07% of central nervous system tumours; clinical behaviour and prognosis are not well documented. Preoperative diagnosis of PIMM is complex and it could be easily misdiagnosed, especially with malignant meningioma.We are reporting a case of a man with a history of rapidly arising motor slowing associated with urinary incontinence, presenting with mild convergent strabismus caused by paralysis in abduction in the right eye. A brain CT showed a lesion compatible with malignant spheno-orbital meningioma, and the patient underwent gross total resection. Intraoperatively, the blackish lesion infiltrated and eroded the bone; it was placed externally on the dura mater with a mild reaction and without attachment. Histological examination confirmed PIMM.Intraosseous localisation of PIMM has been observed in the basic bone structure of the oral cavity. We report the first intraosseous spheno-orbital PIMM case and present an embryological theory about how this unusual tumour can develop.
Performance outcomes from a DMEK peeling and preparation wet lab
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Wallace Alexander George , Airaldi Matteo , Ruzza Alessandro , Ferrari Stefano , Romano Vito , Ahmad Sajjad 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) preparation performance of trainee surgeons in an ex vivo human donor cornea DMEK wet lab simulation setting.MethodsHuman donor corneoscleral rims unsuitable for transplantation were obtained from Moorfields Lions Eye Bank. At the wet lab, graft stripping was performed by scoring the peripheral endothelium. The trypan blue positive cells (TBPC) and cell density (cells/mm2—reticule count) were counted manually before and after stripping. The procedural time, peripheral and central tears and complete peel-off were also recorded and analysed.ResultsEight trainee surgeons attended the wet lab each attempting three DMEKs. Between the first and last attempts a significant decrease was seen in the procedural time (17.6 min vs 10.6 min (p<0.05)) and the TBPC % (12.9% vs 3.8% (p<0.05)). The percentage of tears peripherally and centrally also reduced between the first and the last trials (50% vs 13% (p=0.2226) and 38% vs 0% (p=0.1327)). A significant correlation was found between longer peeling times and higher TBPC % (p<0.001) with a 0.7% endothelial mortality increase for each additional minute required to complete the peel.ConclusionsDMEK wet labs provide a controlled risk-free learning opportunity for trainee surgeons to improve confidence and competence. Wet labs improve the success rate of DMEK graft preparation as well as flatten the learning curve. This emphasises the importance of continued support for the expansion of this valuable learning resource, promoting wider uptake of DMEK surgery.
Who tests for lead and why? A 10-year analysis of blood lead screening, follow-up and CNS outcomes in a statewide US healthcare system
Authors: Reuben Aaron , Ward Ralph , Rothbaum Alex O , Cornelison Vickey L , Huffman Sarah , McTeague Lisa M , Schmidt Michael G , Specht Aaron J , Kilpatrick Dean G 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine (1) which providers in US healthcare systems order lead tests, why and at what frequency and (2) whether current patient population lead levels are predictive of clinical outcomes.MethodsRetrospective medical record study of all blood lead tests in the Medical University of South Carolina healthcare system 2012–2016 and consequent evidence of central nervous system (CNS)-related disease across a potential 10-year window (2012–2022).ResultsAcross 4 years, 9726 lead tests resulted for 7181 patients (49.0% female; 0–94 years), representing 0.2% of the hospital population. Most tests were for young (76.6%≤age 3) and non-Hispanic black (47.2%) and Hispanic (26.7%) patients. A wide variety of providers ordered tests; however, most were ordered by paediatrics, psychiatry, internal medicine and neurology. Lead levels ranged from ≤2.0 µg/dL (80.8%) to ≥10 µg/dL (0.8%; max 36 µg/dL). 201 children (3.1%) had initial lead levels over the reference value for case management at the time (5.0 µg/dL). Many high level children did not receive follow-up testing in the system (36.3%) and those that did often failed to see levels fall below 5.0 µg/dL (80.1%). Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic patients were more likely to see lead levels stay high or go up over time. Over follow-up, children with high lead levels were more likely to receive new attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder diagnoses and new psychiatric medications. No significant associations were found between lead test results and new CNS diagnoses or medications among adults.ConclusionsHospital lead testing covers a small portion of patients but includes a wide range of ages, presentations and provider specialities. Lack of lead decline among many paediatric patients suggests there is room to improve provider guidance around when to test and follow-up.
Evolution of structure functions in momentum space
Authors: Lappi Tuomas , Mäntysaari Heikki , Paukkunen Hannu , Tevio Mirja 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We formulate the momentum-space Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov-Altarelli–Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations for structure functions measurable in deeply inelastic scattering. We construct a six-dimensional basis of structure functions that allows for a full three flavor structure and thereby provides a way to calculate perturbative predictions for physical cross sections directly without unobservable parton distribution functions (PDFs) and without the associated scheme dependence. We derive the DGLAP equations to first non-zero order in strong coupling

$$\alpha _\textrm{s}$$

α
s

, but the approach can be pursued to arbitrary order in perturbation theory. We also numerically check our equations against the conventional PDF formulation.
Measuring hadronic Higgs boson branching ratios at future lepton colliders
Authors: Knobbe Max , Krauss Frank , Reichelt Daniel , Schumann Steffen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a novel strategy for the simultaneous measurement of Higgs-boson branching ratios into gluons and light quarks at a future lepton collider operating in the Higgs-factory mode. Our method is based on template fits to global event-shape observables, and in particular fractional energy correlations, thereby exploiting differences in the QCD radiation patterns of quarks and gluons. In a constrained fit of the deviations of the light-flavour hadronic Higgs-boson branching ratios from their Standard Model expectations, based on an integrated luminosity of $$5\,\text {ab}^{-1}$$

5

ab

-
1

, we obtain $$68\%$$

68
%

confidence level limits of $$\mu _{gg}=1 \pm 0.05$$

μ

gg

=
1
±
0.05

and $$\mu _{q\bar{q}}<21$$

μ

q

q

¯

<
21

.
MF
2
ShrT: Multimodal Feature Fusion Using Shared Layered Transformer for Face Anti-spoofing
Authors: Antil Aashania , Dhiman Chhavi 
Published: January 2024

In recent times, Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) has gained significant attention in both academic and industrial domains. Although various convolutional neural network (CNN)-based solutions have emerged, multimodal approaches incorporating RGB, depth, and information retrieval (IR) have exhibited better performance than unimodal classifiers. The increasing veracity of modern presentation attack instruments results in a persistent need to enhance the performance of such models. Recently, self-attention-based vision transformers (ViT) have become a popular choice in this field. Their fundamental aspects for multimodal FAS have not been thoroughly explored yet. Therefore, we propose a novel framework for FAS called MF
2
ShrT, which is based on a pretrained vision transformer. The proposed framework uses overlap patches and parameter sharing in the ViT network, allowing it to utilize multiple modalities in a computationally efficient manner. Furthermore, to effectively fuse intermediate features from different encoders of each ViT, we explore a T-encoder-based hybrid feature block enabling the system to identify correlations and dependencies across different modalities. MF
2
ShrT outperforms conventional vision transformers and achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmarks CASIA-SURF and WMCA, demonstrating the efficiency of transformer-based models for presentation attack detection PAD).
Different Coping Constructs in Haematological Cancer Patients: The Influence of Dyadic on Individual Coping Interplay of DC and IC in Haematological Cancer
Authors: Sackmann Carlotta , Weißflog Gregor , Bodschwinna Daniela , Hönig Klaus , Ernst Jochen 
Published: January 2024

Objective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between individual coping (IC) and dyadic coping (DC), more specifically the respective predictive impact of DC and sociodemographic, partnership-related, and medical variables on IC in haematological cancer patients. Methods. In this multicenter longitudinal study, we examined DCI (Dyadic Coping Inventory) and IC (Freiburg Questionnaire on Coping with Illness) in 214 haematological cancer patients after their treatment and six months later. Associations between the coping constructs were calculated using Pearson correlations. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive impact of patient-specific variables on IC strategies. Results. Pearson correlation revealed numerous significant associations between DC and IC at the baseline and follow-up, but none of them yielded r ≥ 0.4 (p<0.01). Regression analyses showed a predictive impact of supportive DC on compliance (p<0.05) and of common DC on active IC (p<0.01). Concerning patient-specific variables, age stood out as a positive predictor of trivialization (p<0.001) and compliance (p<0.01) and psychological distress as a predictor of depressive IC (p<0.001), distraction (p<0.05), and trivialization (p<0.05). Conclusion. Our results indicate that patients’ personal characteristics, such as age and psychological distress, outweigh the influence of DC on IC in haematological cancer patients.
Disparities in OncotypeDx Testing and Subsequent Chemotherapy Receipt by Geography and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Van Alsten Sarah C. , Dunn Matthew R. , Hamilton Alina M. , Ivory Joannie M. , Gao Xiaohua , Kirk Erin L. , Nsonwu-Farley Joseph S. , Carey Lisa A. , Abdou Yara , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Roberson Mya L. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Emerson Marc A. , Hyslop Terry , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
OncotypeDx is a prognostic and predictive genomic assay used in early-stage hormone receptor–positive, HER2− (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer. It is used to inform adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, but not all eligible women receive testing. We aimed to assess variation in testing by demographics and geography, and to determine whether testing was associated with chemotherapy.

Methods:
For 1,615 women in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study with HR+/HER2−, Stage I–II tumors, we estimated prevalence differences (PD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for receipt of OncotypeDx genomic testing in association with and sociodemographic characteristics. We assessed associations between testing and chemotherapy receipt overall and by race. Finally, we calculated the proportion of eligible women receiving OncotypeDx by county-level rurality, census tract-level socioeconomic status, and Area Health Education Center regions.

Results:
38% (N = 609) of potentially eligible women were tested, with lower testing prevalences in Black (31%; PD, −11%; 95% CI, −16%–6%) and low-income women (24%; PD, −20%; 95% CI, −29% to −11%) relative to non-Black and higher income women. Urban participants were less likely to be tested than rural participants, though this association varied by region. Among women with low genomic risk tumors, tested participants were 29% less likely to receive chemotherapy than untested participants (95% CI, −40% to −17%). Racial differences in chemotherapy were restricted to untested women.

Conclusions:
Both individual and area-level socioeconomics predict likelihood of OncotypeDx testing.

Impact:
Variable adoption of OncotypeDx by socioeconomics and across geographic settings may contribute to excess chemotherapy among patients with HR+/HER2− cancers.
See related In the Spotlight, p. 635
Nonpreferential but Detrimental Accumulation of Macrophages With Clonal Hematopoiesis-Driver Mutations in Cardiovascular Tissues—Brief Report
Authors: Dederichs Tsai-Sang , Yerdenova Assel , Horstmann Hauke , Vico Tamara Antonela , Nübling Simone , Peyronnet Rémi , Pfeifer Dietmar , von zur Muehlen Constantin , Heidt Timo , Wolf Dennis , Czerny Martin , Westermann Dirk , Hilgendorf Ingo 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an acquired genetic risk factor for both leukemia and cardiovascular disease. It results in proinflammatory myeloid cells in the bone marrow and blood; however, how these cells behave in the cardiovascular tissue remains unclear. Our study aimed at investigating whether CHIP-mutated macrophages accumulate preferentially in cardiovascular tissues and examining the transcriptome of tissue macrophages from
DNMT3A
(DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha) or
TET2
(Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) mutation carriers.

METHODS:
We recruited patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or heart surgeries to screen for CHIP mutation carriers using targeted genomic sequencing. Myeloid and lymphoid cells were isolated from blood and cardiovascular tissue collected during surgeries using flow cytometry. DNA and RNA extracted from these sorted cells were subjected to variant allele frequency measurement using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and transcriptomic profiling using bulk RNA sequencing, respectively.

RESULTS:

Using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, we detected similar variant allele frequency of CHIP in monocytes from blood and macrophages from atheromas and heart tissues, even among heart macrophages with and without CCR2 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 2) expression. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed a proinflammatory gene profile of myeloid cells from
DNMT3A
or
TET2
mutation carriers compared with those from noncarriers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Quantitatively, CHIP-mutated myeloid cells did not preferentially accumulate in cardiovascular tissues, but qualitatively, they expressed a more disease-prone phenotype.
An Afterword to Rise of the Self-Replicators: Placing John A. Etzler, Frigyes Karinthy, Fred Stahl, and Others in the Early History of Thought About Self-Reproducing Machines
Authors: Taylor Tim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article is an afterword to the book Rise of the Self-Replicators: Early Visions of Machines, AI and Robots That Can Reproduce and Evolve, coauthored by Tim Taylor and Alan Dorin (2020). The book covered the early history of thought about self-reproducing and evolving machines, from initial speculations in the 17th century up to the early 1960s (from which point onward the more recent history is already well covered elsewhere). This article supplements the material discussed in the book by presenting several relevant sources that have come to the author’s attention since the book was published. The most significant additions to the history are from the German-born, 19th-century inventor and utopian John Adolphus Etzler in the 1830s–1840s, the Hungarian author and satirist Frigyes Karinthy in 1916, and the U.S. mathematician and computer scientist Fred Stahl in 1960.