bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dynamic and rigid implantation on biomechanical characteristics of different sagittal alignment lumbar after single- or double-level spinal fixations: a finite-element modeling study
Authors: Wang Wei , Kong Chao , Pan Fumin , Wu Xueqing , Pei Baoqing , Lu Shibao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Although it is critical to understand the accelerated degeneration of adjacent segments after fusion, the biomechanical properties of the spine have not been thoroughly studied after various fusion techniques. This study investigates whether four Roussouly’s sagittal alignment morphotypes have different biomechanical characteristics after different single- or double-level spinal fixations.

Methods
The parametric finite element (FE) models of Roussouly’s type (1–4) were developed based on the radiological data of 625 Chinese community population. The four Roussouly's type models were reassembled into four fusion models: single-level L4–5 Coflex fixation model, single-level L4–5 Fusion (pedicle screw fixation) model, double-level Coflex (L4–5) + Fusion (L5–S1) model, and double-level Fusion (L4–5) + Fusion (L4–5) model. A pure moment of 7.5 Nm was applied to simulate the physiological activities of flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation.

Results
Both single-level and double-level spinal fixation had the greatest effect on lumbar range of motion, disc pressure, and annulus fibrosis stress in flexion, followed by lateral bending, extension, and axial rotation. In all models, the upper adjacent segment was the most influenced by the implantation and bore the most compensation from the fixed segment. For Type 2 lumbar, the L4–L5 Coflex effectively reduced the disc pressure and annulus fibrosis stress in adjacent segments compared to the L4–L5 Fusion. Similarly, the L4–L5 Coflex offered considerable advantages in preserving the biomechanical properties of adjacent segments for Type 1 lumbar. For Type 4 lumbar, the L4–L5 Coflex did not have superiority over the L4–L5 Fusion, resulting in a greater increase in range of motion at adjacent segments in flexion and extension. The difference between the two fixations was not apparent in Type 3 lumbar. Compared to the single-level Fusion, the changes in motion and mechanics of the lumbar increased after both the double-level Coflex + Fusion and Fusion + Fusion fixations, while the differences between two double-level fixation methods on adjacent segments of the four lumbar models were similar to that of the single-level fixation.

Conclusion
Type 3 and Type 4 lumbar have good compensatory ability and therefore allow for a wider range of surgical options, whereas surgical options for small lordotic Type 1 and Type 2 lumbar are more limited and severe.
Innovative ways of handling staff shortages in ECEC? Increasing flexibility in the regulatory frameworks for non-traditional and non-German professional staff qualifications
Authors: Grgic Mariana , Friederich Tina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe staff shortages in the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector in Germany are an important issue. They impact centres that are forced to close earlier, shut down entire groups or are unable to open at all due to the lack of pedagogical staff. However, the federal states have been making efforts to address this problem. This article discusses innovative ways of handling staff shortages based on qualitative analyses of current regulations regarding qualification requirements for the ECEC sector in Germany. Our analysis focused on the question concerning the degree to which a multi-professional orientation is already widespread in the 16 licensing laws of the federal states and what other conditions have to be met by individuals wishing to work in the ECEC sector who have no pedagogical qualifications. The second focus regarding the handling of staff shortages was on the formal recognition of migrant pedagogical staff with non-German qualifications. The results revealed first a tendency to open the labour market to individuals with non-pedagogical qualifications in the majority of the federal states. Second, most of the federal states have created ways of recognising non-German qualifications and of putting in place special regulations for Ukrainian pedagogues. In summary, it can be said that despite the relaxing of the licensing laws, no major changes in team composition could be observed. This is a positive sign given the unchanged division of tasks and positions in the teams, as there are currently no structures in place to adequately support team members with non-pedagogical qualifications.
Laparoscopic repair of a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with repeated colon incarcerations 7 years after injury: a case report
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Momose Kota , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
A diaphragmatic hernia is a prolapse of the abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through a hole in the diaphragm. Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries are rare and usually occur after blunt or penetrating thoracic or abdominal traumas. Blunt diaphragmatic rupture rarely accounts for immediate mortality and may go clinically silent until complications occur which can be life threatening. It usually present late with intrathoracic herniation of abdominal viscera and carry a high mortality rate. We experienced a very rare case who showed repeated colon incarcerations 7 years after injury. And, we operated laparoscopically.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man presented with multiple left rib fractures that occurred during an accident. After 7 years, he visited the emergency department with the chief complaint of left shoulder pain and epicardial pain after eating. He was diagnosed with transverse colon incarceration due to a left diaphragmatic hernia by computed tomography (CT) and X-ray imaging. Surgical repair was recommended, but he refused as the symptoms improved. Fourteen months later, the patient revisited the hospital in similar symptoms and improved spontaneously. He consulted our hospital for the surgical indication. We recommended that he undergo surgery, showing images of the X-ray and CT when his transverse colon was obstructed and he felt pain and when symptoms improved. Finally, he decided to undergo surgery. We performed diaphragmatic hernia repair with laparoscopic direct suturing in good view. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery period. The absence of diaphragmatic herniation recurrence was confirmed seven months after surgery.

Conclusions
We experienced a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with repeated colon incarcerations 7 years after injury and performed surgical repair laparoscopically.
Metagenomic comparison of the faecal and environmental resistome on Irish commercial pig farms with and without zinc oxide and antimicrobial usage
Authors: Ekhlas Daniel , Cobo Díaz José F. , Cabrera-Rubio Raúl , Alexa Elena , Ortiz Sanjuán Juan M. , Garcia Manzanilla Edgar , Crispie Fiona , Cotter Paul D. , Leonard Finola C. , Argüello Héctor , Burgess Catherine M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobials and heavy metals such as zinc oxide (ZnO) have been commonly used on Irish commercial pig farms for a 2-week period post-weaning to help prevent infection. In 2022, the prophylactic use of antimicrobials and ZnO was banned within the European Union due to concerns associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and contamination of the environment with heavy metals. In this study, faecal and environmental samples were taken from piglets during the weaning period from ten commercial farms, of which five farms used antimicrobial or ZnO prophylaxis (AB-ZnO farms) and five which had not used antimicrobials or ZnO for the previous 3 years (AB-ZnO free farms). A total of 50 samples were compared using a metagenomic approach.

Results
The results of this study showed some significant differences between AB-ZnO and AB-ZnO free farms and suggested positive selection for AMR under antimicrobial and ZnO treatment. Moreover, strong differences between environmental and faecal samples on farms were observed, suggesting that the microbiome and its associated mobile genetic elements may play a key role in the composition of the resistome. Additionally, the age of piglets affected the resistome composition, potentially associated with changes in the microbiome post-weaning.

Conclusions
Overall, our study showed few differences in the resistome of the pig and its environment when comparing AB-ZnO farms with AB-ZnO free farms. These results suggest that although 3 years of removal of in-feed antimicrobial and ZnO may allow a reduction of AMR prevalence on AB-ZnO farms, more time, repeated sampling and a greater understanding of factors impacting AMR prevalence will be required to ensure significant and persistent change in on-farm AMR.
Background of Peruvian gastronomy and its perspectives: an assessment of its current growth
Authors: Aguirre-Sosa Joaquín , Dextre Maria Luisa , Lozada-Urbano Michellle , Vargas-Merino Jorge Alberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeruvian gastronomy is continuously expanding throughout the world, captivating various regions and major cities with its flavors, textures, colors, and culinary excellence. The objective of this research is to describe the background of Peruvian gastronomy and its perspectives, in order to assess its current growth. A bibliographic and exploratory analysis was conducted, delving into its significance throughout history. The culinary background was delineated from the Pre-Inca, Inca, Colonial, Republican eras, up to the present day. Additionally, the perspectives from the government, private sector, and citizens were explored to evaluate the current status achieved worldwide. Given the importance of the current position held by Peruvian gastronomy, this study holds international relevance in assessing our legacy and paying tribute to the individuals from the past, present, and future whose strategic work enables the expansion of the Peruvian gastronomy. It is concluded that Peruvians must continue striving for continuous improvement in the key links of our gastronomy’s production chain.
Standardization of process variables for development of traditional Indian dairy product herbal apple rabri with improved organoleptic, textural, antioxidants, functional attributes and shelf life
Authors: Lata Rajnee , Jaiswal Ved Prakash , Paul Veena , Tripathi Abhishek Dutt , Agarwal Aparna , Rai Dinesh Chandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRabri is a concentrated whole milk product from India that has been heat desiccated and sweetened. Herbs are reported to possess therapeutic properties. The addition of these herbs in the food enhances the functionality of the food. Herbal apple rabri was prepared by adding two herbs (brahmi and shatavari). The herbal apple rabri was optimized based on its organoleptic attributes. The sensory evaluation revealed that adding brahmi up to 2.5% and shatavari up to 1.5% is acceptable. The optimized rabri was further analyzed for its texture profile. The shelf life was evaluated based on the physicochemical, antioxidant, phenolics, and microbial content like total plate count and yeast and molds count. The DPPH inhibition activity shows that the optimized rabri has antioxidant potential (58.41 ± 0.03%) compared to control rabri (34.30 ± 0.04%) due to adding herbs. The microbial spoilage in the optimized sample was less as compared to the control sample.
Evaluation of therapeutic potentials of some bioactive compounds in selected African plants targeting main protease (Mpro) in SARS-CoV-2: a molecular docking study
Authors: Akinwumi Ishola Abeeb , Ishola Barakat Olamide , Adeyemo Oluwatosin Maryam , Owojuyigbe Adefolarin Phebean 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease brought on by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a global treat in early 2020. Despite worldwide research proving different medications used to treat COVID-19, the infection still affects the human race; we need to continue researching the virus to protect humanity and reduce the complications that some medications might cause. This study focuses on finding another promising therapeutic compound against SARS-CoV-2. Twenty-four (24) bioactive compounds were selected from the following African plants' Adansonia digitata L, Aframomum melegueta K. Schum, Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L, and Boswellia dalzielii, and Remdesivir was used as the control medication. The PubChem web server acquired the 3D structures of bioactive compounds in the plant and the control medication. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) crystal structure was obtained using the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Using the SwissADME web server, the bioactive compounds' drug-likeness was assessed, and AutoDock was employed for the molecular docking with the Mpro. The Proteins Plus and Protein–Ligand Interaction Profiler web servers were used to analyse the docked complexes. Furthermore, the admetSAR website was utilized to predict the ligands' absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties.

Results
Based on the drug-likeness screening, Rutin violated more than one of the Lipinski rules of five, while Remdesivir violated two. Molecular docking analysis results indicated that Catechin, Epicatechin, Vitexin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Gamma-Sitosterol, and Kaur-16-ene exhibited a stronger binding affinity with Mpro, with binding scores of − 7.1, − 7.1, − 8.0, − 7.3, − 7.2, − 6.8, and − 6.5 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to Remdesivir's binding score of − 6.3 kcal/mol. Consequently, binding scores of bioactive compounds suggest their potential biological activity against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Additionally, these bioactive compounds exhibited favourable ADMET properties. Vitexin also has a plasma protein binding below 90%, a promising medication distribution feature.

Conclusions
This study shows that Catechin, Epicatechin, Vitexin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Gamma-Sitosterol, and Kaur-16-ene have better binding affinities with Mpro than Remdesivir. Molecular dynamics simulation in vitro and in vivo investigation is required to support this study.
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, an uncommon presentation in a child: a case report
Authors: Mathur Aman , Bansal Kalpana , Singhal Shailvi , Narang Poonam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The typical clinical and radiological presentation of Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) has been highlighted in this case report.

Case presentation
Bickerstaff encephalitis is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disorder and is considered a subtype of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) along with Miller Fisher syndrome. The diagnosis of BBE is largely clinical, though laboratory tests and imaging can be of supportive value. We report a case of a 5-year-old child who presented with a classical clinical triad of BBE with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Conclusions
BBE is a rare disease with very few cases being reported with typical clinical and radiological findings. Hence, we reported a typical case of BBE to make an addition to the available literature.
Mapping the global, regional and national burden of bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2019: trend analysis on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Lai Jianbo , Li Shuting , Wei Chen , Chen Jun , Fang Yiru , Song Peige , Hu Shaohua 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundData on trends in the epidemiological burden of bipolar disorder are scarce.AimsTo provide an overview of trends in bipolar disorder burden from 1990 to 2019.MethodRevisiting the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we analysed the number of cases, calculated the age-standardised rate (per 100 000 population) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2019. The independent effects of age, period and cohort were estimated by the age–period–cohort modelling.ResultsGlobally, the bipolar disorder-related prevalent cases, incident cases and number of YLDs all increased from 1990 to 2019. Regionally, the World Health Organization Region of the Americas accounted for the highest estimated YLD number and rate, with the highest age-standardised prevalence rate in 1990 and 2019 and highest EAPC of prevalence. By sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, all five SDI regions saw an increase in estimated incident cases. Nationally, New Zealand reported the highest age-standardised rate of incidence, prevalence and YLDs in 1990 and 2019. The most prominent age effect on incidence rate was in those aged 15–19 years. Decreased effects of period on incidence, prevalence and YLD rates was observed overall and in females, not in males. The incidence, prevalence and YLD rates showed an unfavourable trend in the younger cohorts born after 1990, with males reporting a higher cohort risk than females.ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the overall trend of bipolar disorder burden presents regional and national variations and differs by age, sex, period and cohort.
Thermoregulatory consequences of growing up during a heatwave or a cold snap in Japanese quail
Authors: Persson Elin , Ó Cuív Ciarán , Nord Andreas 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Changes in environmental temperature during development can affect growth, metabolism and temperature tolerance of the offspring. We know little about whether such changes remain to adulthood, which is important to understand the links between climate change, development and fitness. We investigated whether phenotypic consequences of the thermal environment in early life remained in adulthood in two studies on Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Birds were raised under simulated heatwave, cold snap or control conditions, from hatching until halfway through the growth period, and then in common garden conditions until reproductively mature. We measured biometric and thermoregulatory [metabolic heat production (MHP), evaporative water and heat loss (EWL, EHL) and body temperature] responses to variation in submaximal air temperature at the end of the thermal acclimation period and in adulthood. Warm birds had lower MHP than control birds at the end of the thermal acclimation period and, in the warmest temperature studied (40°C), also had higher evaporative cooling capacity compared with controls. No analogous responses were recorded in cold birds, although they had higher EWL than controls in all but the highest test temperature. None of the effects found at the end of the heatwave or cold snap period remained until adulthood. This implies that chicks exposed to higher temperatures could be more prepared to counter heat stress as juveniles but that they do not enjoy any advantages of such developmental conditions when facing high temperatures as adults. Conversely, cold temperature does not seem to confer any priming effects in adolescence.
The Bologna-Barcelona axis between Criminal Law Dogmatics and Critical Sociology of punitive control. Hidden Continuities and Apparent Overcomings
Authors: Gatti Carlo 
Published: December 2023

This article aims to highlight the importance of the link between Bologna and Barcelona, consisting of an epistemic and methodological convergence in the approach to the criminal question and, in particular, to the problem of penal selectivity. If on the one hand this link cannot be eliminated, on the other it is exposed to a series of attempts at obfuscation by the dominant legal and criminological ideology, which is even reflected in autobiographical contingencies that add an anecdotal dimension to the discussion. At the same time, the recovery of this link imposes a reflection on the contemporary criminological debate, since the distinctive features of Italian-Iberophone critical criminology clash with some premises of the most recent and advanced trends in terms of critical potential, in particular the zemiological approach. One example is the role that criminal dogmatics plays within the sociological analysis of the penal system following Franco Bricola’s lesson, and the meaning of this methodological choice in terms of transdisciplinarity and political radicalism. Our conclusion is that a better coordination between critical traditions is needed: one that aims at overcoming linguistic barriers and starts with a systematic review of the existing critical arsenal before any headlong rush
The elite graduate school for leadership in the future. Results of a future workshop on excellent leadership education in 2030
Authors: Lange Nick , Kisgen Stefanie , Faix Werner G. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElite higher education institutions are notable for developing a significant number of graduates who assume leadership positions. This highlights the importance of integrating the two fields of elite education and leadership education. This paper seeks to address the central questions of how leaders will be cultivated and what elite higher education institutions will look like in 2030. To explore these inquiries, a case study was conducted at a German graduate school using the future workshop methodology. The process involved four creative workshops and an online survey, employing both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Through this participatory process, an image of the future of an elite graduate school for leadership in 2030 was developed. This image can serve as a starting point for contemporary higher education institutions to prepare themselves for and actively contribute to shaping a promising future.