bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoresponsive and Photocrosslinkable Poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline) Toolbox – Customizable Ultralow‐Fouling Hydrogel Coatings for Blood Plasma Environments
Authors: Wiesner (née Diehl) Fiona , Petri Christian , Hageneder Simone , Kunzler Cleiton , Klees Sven , Frank Petra , Pertiller Matthias , Dostalek Jakub , Knoll Wolfgang , Jonas Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on developing surface coatings with excellent antifouling properties, crucial for applications in the medical, biological, and technical fields, for materials and devices in direct contact with living tissues and bodily fluids such as blood. This approach combines thermoresponsive poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline)s, known for their inherent protein‐repellent characteristics, with established antifouling motifs based on betaines. The polymer framework is constructed from various monomer types, including a novel benzophenone‐modified 2‐oxazoline for photocrosslinking and an azide‐functionalized 2‐oxazoline, allowing subsequent modification with alkyne‐substituted antifouling motifs through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. From these polymers surface‐attached networks are created on benzophenone‐modified gold substrates via photocrosslinking, resulting in hydrogel coatings with several micrometers thickness when swollen with aqueous media. Given that poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazoline)s can exhibit a lower critical solution temperature in water, their temperature‐dependent solubility is compared to the swelling behavior of the surface‐attached hydrogels upon thermal stimulation. The antifouling performance of these hydrogel coatings in contact with human blood plasma is further evaluated by surface plasmon resonance and optical waveguide spectroscopy. All surfaces demonstrate extremely low retention of blood plasma components, even with undiluted plasma. Notably, hydrogel layers with sulfobetaine moieties allow efficient penetration by plasma components, which can then be easily removed by rinsing with buffer.
Zinc oxide nanorods electronically controlled terahertz modulator
Authors: Ye Chuanxiang , Wang Jintao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetal oxides are commonly employed in terahertz (THz) modulator devices operating in the THz frequency band. These metal oxides, which rely on electronic control, exhibit a clear response to THz waves. The modulation of THz waves is achieved by applying an electric field directly onto the surface of ZnO nanorods and their metal dopants. This external electric field has the capability to modulate both the phase and transmittance of the THz wave. The devices based on Au‐doped ZnO nanorods demonstrate a significant enhancement in modulation depth due to the incorporation of the localized surface plasmon effect. In the realm of active THz modulation, the velocity of electric modulation is enhanced while the required driving power is reduced. The primary focus of this research article is to present an analysis of the active modulation properties and the underlying principles of ZnO nanorods and their metallic dopants when subjected to an applied electric field. The modulation bandwidth range from 0.1 to 1.0 THz for our devices. The phase modulation of 0.866 rad and the transmittance modulation with the modulation depth of 0.4 was realized.
Development and investigation of high‐flux antifouling NF PES membranes decorated by aniline oligomers and application for wastewater treatment
Authors: Oulad Fariba , Zinadini Sirus , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar , Derakhshan Ali Ashraf , Hassani Nasim , Yazdani Davoud 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this research, first branched aniline oligomers functionalized polyethersulfone (BAO‐PES) were prepared by diazonium‐induced grafting, and then the embedded membranes were fabricated at five different compositions using the conventional phase inversion process. The influence of BAO‐PES as a modifier on membrane preparation was investigated in terms of membrane topography, membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, permeability, antifouling performance, and chemical stability. The function of blended membranes was evaluated by computational analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurement. Our computational analysis has substantiated that BAO‐PES (25 wt. %)/PES, characterized by a lower Flory–Huggins parameter (0.65), emerges as a promising contender for the blending of BAO‐PES with PES. The maximum water flux of 67.6 kg/m2 h was observed for the M1 membrane with the optimum dosage of BAO‐PES (25 wt. %) at a low pressure of 3 bar. To assess the nanofiltration performance of the mixed matrix BAO‐PES/PES membranes, the removal efficiency was studied for Direct Red 16 and tannic acid dye. From the results, it was found that the loose BAO‐PES/PES membranes had great dye rejection ability (more than 97%) compared to the bare membrane (88%–89%). The fouling resistance property of the loosely prepared membranes was tested by protein rejection, and the results revealed that the best antifouling property was observed at optimum dosage of the BAO‐PES modifier (25%, FRR = 98.37%). The embedded BAO‐PES/PES membranes, after exposure to harsh environments, exhibited such long‐term chemical stability that it is an important specification for real management in industry.
Emerging trends in antipsychotic and antidepressant drug development: Targeting nonmonoamine receptors and innovative mechanisms
Authors: Osaka Hitoshi , Kanazawa Tetsufumi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe domain of psychiatric drug development is currently witnessing a notable transformation, with a paramount emphasis on targeting nonmonoamine receptors and exploring inventive mechanisms of action. This paper presents an overview of the ongoing advancements in antipsychotic and antidepressant drug development. Historically, antipsychotics predominantly targeted dopamine receptors, but there is now an escalating interest in drugs that act on alternative receptors, exemplified by the TAAR1 receptor. One noteworthy candidate is Ulotaront (SEP‐363856), an agent acting as a TAAR1 agonist with 5‐HT1A agonist activity, demonstrating promising outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia, devoid of extrapyramidal symptoms or metabolic side‐effects. Similarly, MIN‐101 (Roluperidone) and KarXT are currently in development, with its focus on addressing the symptoms in schizophrenia. In the domain of antidepressants, novel therapeutic approaches have surfaced, such as Auvelity, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved NMDA receptor antagonist synergistically combined with Bupropion to enhance its effects. Another notable candidate is Zuranolone, operating as a GABA A receptor‐positive allosteric modulator, showcasing efficacy in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and postpartum depression. Additionally, TAK‐653 (NBI‐1065845) and MJI821 (Onfasprodil) have emerged as potential antidepressants targeting AMPA receptors and NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) negative allosteric modulation, respectively. This paper underscores the transformative potential of these novel drug candidates in psychiatric treatment and their ability to address cases that were previously treatment‐resistant. By focusing on nonmonoamine receptors and introducing innovative mechanisms, these drugs offer a promising prospect of improved outcomes for individuals suffering from schizophrenia and MDD. Thus, sustained attention and dedication to the development of such drugs are essential to augmenting the therapeutic options available for psychiatric patients.
Comparative gene expression analysis of differentiated terminal and lateral haustoria of the obligate root parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Brun Guillaume , Leman Julia K. H. , Wicke Susann 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementsThe parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa thrives on a broad spectrum of cash crops over the Northern Hemisphere. Unfortunately, current management practices are inefficient in controlling its devastating impacts and spread. Here, valuable insights are provided on an understudied aspect of its biology, the formation of a feeding organ network on the rudimentary roots of the parasite tubercle, which will help refine our general knowledge of how parasitic plants develop on their hosts. This research sets the path for a thorough understanding of the biology of parasitic plants, which in the long run will help design integrated control methods.
Aging seeds of weedy broomrapes and witchweeds lose sensitivity to strigolactones as DNA demethylates
Authors: Brun Guillaume , Pöhl Jonathan , Wicke Susann 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementBroomrapes and witchweeds have devastating effects on crops in parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. The key to their success is the production of copious, long‐lived seeds, which germinate in response to the perception of chemicals released by their hosts' roots. Here, it is proposed that the success of a parasite population will decrease as its seed bank ages due to the gradual decrease in sensitivity to the host signals in correlation with alterations of the seeds' epigenetic landscape, which is the set of non‐hard‐coded genetic information that influences gene function. This research provides important information toward a better understanding of parasite seed bank dynamics, which must be accounted for in future control strategies.Summary

Broomrapes (Phelipanche and Orobanche spp.) and witchweeds (Striga and Alectra spp.) are obligate root parasitic weeds responsible for major crop yield losses worldwide. Their success in agricultural landscapes is attributable to their ability to produce thousands of long‐lived minute seeds that coordinate their germination with the presence of nearby hosts by perceiving host‐derived strigolactones. The processes underlying the alleged decade(s)‐long persistence in the field are understudied.
Here, we used an accelerated seed aging method coupled with germination bioassays and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which allowed studying seed aging in Orobanchaceae in a comparative manner.
We show that the losses of seed viability and germinability associated with seed aging are accompanied by a decrease in both strigolactone sensitivity and global DNA methylation. Our results also suggest that seeds of broomrapes are longer‐lived than those of witchweeds.
Overall, this emphasizes the need for further research into how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to alterations in seed viability in parasitic weeds and how seed aging influences seed responses to their environment.
Trends in solo living among young adults in Canada
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Ramaj Sagi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolo living among young adults has increased in recent decades. Past studies seldom examined the impact of geographic contexts on trends in solo living. We compared trends in solo living across Canadian communities along the rural/urban continuum and identified factors contributing to these trends. The percentage of Canadian young adults living alone increased between 1981 and 2021. The increase was larger in rural and small urban areas than in medium and large urban areas. Irrespective of community type, the decline in marriage rates was the most salient factor contributing to this trend. Rising shelter costs suppressed increases in the percentage of young adults living alone, but only in medium and large urban areas. These findings highlight the need to increase the supply of affordable housing earmarked for young adults in medium and large urban areas.
Input‐response space‐filling designs incorporating response uncertainty
Authors: Yang Xiankui , Lu Lu , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraditionally space‐filling designs have focused on the characteristics of the design in the input space ensuring uniform spread throughout the region. Input‐response space‐filling designs considered scenarios when having good spread throughout the range or region of the responses is also of interest. This paper acknowledges that there is typically uncertainty associated with the values of the response(s) and hence proposes a method, Input‐Response Space‐Filling Designs with Uncertainty (IRSFwU), to incorporate this into the design construction. The Pareto front of designs offers alternatives that balance input and response space filling, while prioritizing input combinations with lower associated response uncertainty. These lower uncertainty choices improve the chances of observing the desired response values. We describe the new approach with an uncertainty‐adjusted distance to measure the response space filling, the Pareto aggregate point exchange algorithm to populate the set of promising designs, and illustrate the method with three examples of different input and response relationships and dimensions.
Radiogenomics uncovers an interplay between angiogenesis and clinical outcomes in bladder cancer
Authors: Xu Chentao , Cao Jincheng , Zhou Tianjin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrecision medicine has become a promising clinical treatment strategy for various cancers, including bladder cancer, where angiogenesis plays a critical role in cancer progression. However, the relationship between angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, clinical outcomes, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive evaluation of angiogenesis‐related genes (ARGs) to identify their association with immune cell infiltration, transcription patterns, and clinical outcomes in bladder cancer. An ARG score was constructed to identify angiogenic subgroups in each sample and we evaluated their predictive performance for overall survival rate and treatment response. In addition, we optimized existing clinical detection protocols by performing image data processing.ResultsOur study revealed the genomic‐level mutant landscape and expression patterns of ARGs in bladder cancer specimens. Using analysis, we identified three molecular subgroups where ARG mutations correlated with patients' pathological features, clinical outcomes, and immune cell infiltration. To facilitate clinical applicability, we constructed a precise nomogram based on the ARG score, which significantly correlated with stem cell index and drug sensitivity. Finally, we proposed the radiogenomics model, which combines the precision of genomics with the convenience of radiomics.ConclusionOur study sheds light on the prognostic characteristics of ARGs in bladder cancer and provides insights into the tumor environment's characteristics to explore more effective immunotherapy strategies. The findings have significant implications for the development of personalized treatment approaches in bladder cancer and pave the way for future studies in this field.
Tanshinone IIA ameliorates cisplatin‐induced toxicology and cisplatin resistance via regulating SLC7A11 expression
Authors: Qin Hai , Yuan Yaqin , Yuan Manqin , Yi Siyi , Yang Yonghong , Zhang Yujie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCisplatin, a potent chemotherapy agent, is highly effective against various cancers but is hindered by resistance and toxicities. This study aims to investigate the roles of SLC7A11, a cystine/glutamate transporter, in cisplatin resistance, and explored Tanshinone IIA as a therapeutic option. Cisplatin reduced SLC7A11 in renal cells, worsening toxicity. Cisplatin‐resistant gastric cancer cells show increased SLC7A11, driving resistance, while SLC7A11 knockdown curbed resistance. Tanshinone IIA showed promise in alleviating cisplatin toxicity by enhancing SLC7A11 expression and reducing associated adverse effects, while it effectively reversed cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer cells by suppressing SLC7A11. Additionally, Tanshinone IIA counteracted cisplatin resistance by inhibiting PIAS4‐mediated SUMOylation of SLC7A11. Simultaneously, overexpressing miR‐375, which has been shown to target SLC7A11, exacerbated cisplatin toxicity via SLC7A11 downregulation, which Tanshinone IIA attenuates. In summary, our study unveils complex SLC7A11 regulation in cisplatin resistance and toxicity. Tanshinone IIA emerges as a promising modulator of SLC7A11 through individual pathways, offering novel insights into overcoming cisplatin resistance and reducing toxicities in cancer therapy.
Deepfake detection using deep learning methods: A systematic and comprehensive review
Authors: Heidari Arash , Jafari Navimipour Nima , Dag Hasan , Unal Mehmet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeep Learning (DL) has been effectively utilized in various complicated challenges in healthcare, industry, and academia for various purposes, including thyroid diagnosis, lung nodule recognition, computer vision, large data analytics, and human‐level control. Nevertheless, developments in digital technology have been used to produce software that poses a threat to democracy, national security, and confidentiality. Deepfake is one of those DL‐powered apps that has lately surfaced. So, deepfake systems can create fake images primarily by replacement of scenes or images, movies, and sounds that humans cannot tell apart from real ones. Various technologies have brought the capacity to change a synthetic speech, image, or video to our fingers. Furthermore, video and image frauds are now so convincing that it is hard to distinguish between false and authentic content with the naked eye. It might result in various issues and ranging from deceiving public opinion to using doctored evidence in a court. For such considerations, it is critical to have technologies that can assist us in discerning reality. This study gives a complete assessment of the literature on deepfake detection strategies using DL‐based algorithms. We categorize deepfake detection methods in this work based on their applications, which include video detection, image detection, audio detection, and hybrid multimedia detection. The objective of this paper is to give the reader a better knowledge of (1) how deepfakes are generated and identified, (2) the latest developments and breakthroughs in this realm, (3) weaknesses of existing security methods, and (4) areas requiring more investigation and consideration. The results suggest that the Conventional Neural Networks (CNN) methodology is the most often employed DL method in publications. According to research, the majority of the articles are on the subject of video deepfake detection. The majority of the articles focused on enhancing only one parameter, with the accuracy parameter receiving the most attention.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Algorithmic Development > Multimedia
Application Areas > Science and Technology
The Korea Center for Investigative Journalism: A Hybrid Nonprofit Funding Model
Authors: Park Michelle , Konow-Lund Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2013, the world-shaking collaborative investigative-journalism project confronting tax avoidance known as the ‘Offshore Leaks’—orchestrated by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)—published its stories around the world. The investigation exposed the reality of international tax fraud and the related use of paper companies by high-profile figures. South Korea was among the nations which participated in this global collaboration, and its citizens were as astonished as the rest of the world by the scale of the investigations. Another surprise for the South Korean public was that the only South Korean partner in the ICIJ’s investigation was the just-established Korea Center for Investigative Journalism (KCIJ). The participation of such a young and relatively small newsroom stood out because most of the ICIJ’s partners around the world were considered to be ‘traditional media outlets’ (Carson, 2020, p. 101) or ‘traditional media organizations’ (Reese, 2021, p. 116). The KCIJ, however, had earned this opportunity for reasons to be elaborated upon later in this chapter.
Global Investigative Collaboration
Authors: Konow-Lund Maria , Bebawi Saba 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we focus on how investigative cross-border collaboration has arisen and developed in the digital era by drawing upon our relatively unprecedented access to several news workers at the Forbidden Stories organisation in Paris during its formative phase. This collaborative network grew out of the desire of a professional journalists’ collective to defend their freedom of speech following the Charlie Hebdo terror attack in 2015. Forbidden Stories seeks to protect and redistribute investigative projects where the journalists who initiated them are either imprisoned or endangered and does this by organising transnational and investigative collaborations in Europe and, more recently, in a broader Global North and Global South context. We conducted our interviews with informants at the organisation, as well as some of its networks, in 2018 and 2019. We were especially interested in the hybrid aspects of these global collaborations with respect to technology, culture-specific modes of communication, and professional practices and standards. Rather than perpetuating the fraught divide and binaries between ‘mainstream and alternative, digital and non- or pre-digital journalism’ (Witschge et al., 2016, p. 2), we studied the ways in which they mixed and combined various methods that led to the common goal of holding power to account around the world.
Internal Domains Entrepreneurial Heartset, Mindset, and Handset
Authors: van der Westhuizen Thea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOn the assumption that raising levels of self-confidence and value expectations for individuals, as definers of the microsystem, constitutes a fundamental starting point for extended development at higher systemic levels; value-centred development of individuals will, in turn, require from them deeper levels of knowledge both about themselves and about the larger system, with the ability to relate on a multi-dimensional level with everything around them. Therefore, a change in an individual’s attitude towards transforming different systemic levels might lead to bridging the decay within systemic development. The SHAPEecosystem strategy for youth entrepreneurs introduces youths’ internal domains as the cornerstone and starting point of creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem, referred to as the SHAPE YES Network (youth entrepreneur support network). It starts by maturing a relationship with oneself through fostering an entrepreneurial heartset, mindset, and handset. In other words, the entrepreneurial heart, head, and hand—the Triple H of Entrepreneurship.
Toolkit—Enabling Tools for Entrepreneurship in South Africa
Authors: van der Westhuizen Thea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurship is an increasingly important factor in the well-being of individuals and society. Entrepreneurship is a way to tackle head-on the constantly changing business environment of the twenty-first century: building sustainable development, supporting the economic growth of countries, creating new job opportunities for young graduates, and promoting societal well-being in general. Entrepreneurship and business creation are increasingly important alternatives in many countries for young people facing a labour market with double-digit unemployment rates. Supporting the future of business in developing countries requires sustainable businesses that are innovation driven. One way to do this is through co-sensing. Co-sensing entails observing—Observe! Observe! Connect with different people and different places to get a sense of the overall ecosystem and discover mutual opportunities for business development. ‘Co-sensing’ is about connecting with people and ideas to learn more about how things work. This chapter looks at building a business model that will show us what our business could be and do. In doing this, we will look at where opportunities could be located.