bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining In Vivo Targets of Nuclear Proteins by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Microarray Analysis
Authors: Moqtaderi Zarmik , Struhl Kevin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis unit describes the combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with microarray hybridization to determine the genome‐wide occupancy profile of a DNA‐associated protein. After conventional ChIP, the immunoprecipitated material is amplified by a two‐step process involving primer extension followed by PCR in the presence of a modified nucleotide. The amplified DNA is fluorescently labeled in a reaction that couples dye to the modified nucleotide, and the labeled sample is hybridized to a microarray representing a complete genome. This method allows the study of a protein's pattern of DNA association across an entire genome with no need for prior knowledge of potential DNA targets.
Helper‐Dependent Adenoviral Vectors
Authors: Oka Kazuhiro , Chan Lawrence 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe helper‐dependent adenovirus (HDAd) is a recently developed adenovirus‐based vector with an improved safety profile and long‐term transgene expression. In this unit, a basic procedure for HDAd production using the Cre‐loxP system is presented. Amplification and large‐scale production of the vector can be done in both adherent and suspension cell culture systems. Included are protocols for Southern blot analysis to monitor vector amplification, slot blot assay to determine the infectious titer of the purified HDAd, and real‐time PCR to detect helper virus contamination in the preparation.
Learning to read without a left occipital lobe: Right‐hemispheric shift of visual word form area
Authors: Cohen Laurent , Lehéricy Stéphane , Henry Carole , Bourgeois Marie , Larroque Christine , Sainte‐Rose Christian , Dehaene Stanislas , Hertz‐Pannier Lucie 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we studied the pattern of brain lateralization during spoken and written language tasks, in an 11‐year‐old girl who underwent a left occipitotemporal resection for a Sturge–Weber angioma at the age of 4 years, that is, after the development of speech but before the acquisition of reading. We observed a selective and successful shift to the right hemisphere of the visual component of reading, particularly the Visual Word Form Area, whereas the verbal components remained strongly left‐lateralized. This emphasizes the potential utility of a precise functional and developmental cartography of language for the surgical treatment of focal brain lesions in children. Ann Neurol 2004;56:890–894
Volatile organoselenium monitoring in production and gastric digestion processes of selenized yeast by solid‐phase microextraction‐multicapillary gas chromatography coupled microwave‐induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Authors: Sanz Landaluze J. , Dietz C. , Madrid Y. , Cámara C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEvolution of volatile organoselenium compounds in the production and gastric digestion of selenized yeast has been monitored. The industrial production of these kinds of material, employed as food supplements, has been simulated in a process of yeast enrichment with inorganic selenium selenium (IV) in different growth media, with variation of the pH value. The in vitro gastric digestion process was carried out with pepsin in an acid and salt mixture. Determination of volatile species of selenium was achieved coupling solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) for preconcentration and sample–matrix separation and microwave‐induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry, in combination with multicapillary (MC) gas chromatography for separation and detection of the selenium species. The MC column was operated at low temperatures (∼30 °C). The method was optimized, using a chemometric approach, with respect to the detection of organoselenium species such as dimethylselenide, diethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide. SPME sampling was carried out in the headspace above the corresponding solutions. Separation is fast, with a chromatogram being obtained in less than 5 min, and the detection limits were at the low parts per billion level for all species investigated. The results of the yeast enrichment process demonstrate inorganic selenium transformation into volatile organic species. The presence of inorganic selenium gave rise to at least five different volatile species after metabolization by yeast, with dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide being the predominant species. Commercial pasteurized yeast, containing mainly selenomethionine for use as a food supplement, and tablets were found to be still active under conditions of the simulation of the digestion process, even though producing relatively low amounts of organoselenium compounds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flash vacuum thermolysis of 3,4‐dimethyl‐1‐germacyclopent‐3‐enes: UV photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of GeH2 and GeMe2
Authors: Lemierre Virginie , Chrostowska Anna , Dargelos Alain , Baylère Patrick , Leigh William J. , Harrington Cameron R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGas‐phase UV photoelectron spectra of germylene (GeH2) and its dimethyl analogue (GeMe2) have been recorded, using flash vacuum thermolysis of 3,4‐dimethyl‐ and 1,1,3,4‐tetramethyl‐germacyclopent‐3‐ene to generate these reactive species in the inlet of the photoelectron spectrometer. The lowest vertical ionization bands for GeH2 (9.4 eV) and GeMe2 (8.2 and 10.0 eV) have been located with the aid of time‐dependent density functional theory calculations carried out at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level of theory. Similar experiments carried out with 3,4‐dimethyl‐1,1‐diphenylgermacyclopent‐3‐ene, in an attempt to record the photoelectron spectrum of diphenylgermylene (GePh2), were less conclusive, but are consistent with the theoretically predicted lowest lonization potential of 8.0–8.2 eV for GePh2. Photoelectron spectra of the three germacyclopentene derivatives are also reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Germaselenazolidines and germadiselenoacetals: syntheses and radioprotective properties
Authors: Célariès Benoît , Amourette Christine , Lion Claude , Rima Ghassoub 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA series of organogermanium structures (cyclic or linear) containing selenium has been prepared to be studied in chemical radioprotection. We report the syntheses, characterization and properties of germaselenazolidines and germadiselenoacetals derived from selenocysteamine and methylselenocysteamine. The radioprotective activity was evaluated in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. For the selenazolidines, the presence of a methyl group, in the α position of the selenium, decreases the radioprotective efficacy and increases the toxicity, whereas for the diselenoacetals it leads to a reduction of the radioprotective properties and a reduction of the toxicity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionization potentials of heteroalkenes: a comparative study
Authors: Chrostowska Anna , Lemierre Virginie , Dargelos Alain , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Guillemin Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMethanimine, methylenephosphine and methylenearsine have been prepared in the gas phase and the gaseous flow has been analyzed by spectroscopy. Photoelectron spectra have been recorded and we report here a comparative study on these spectra. This comparison has been extended to the corresponding derivatives with a triple bond: hydrogen cyanide and methylidynephosphine. Estimation by theoretical calculations of the ionization potentials of the unknown methylidynearsine has been proposed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employing the resolution power of search keys
Authors: Pirkola Ari , Järvelin Kalervo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSearch key resolution power is analyzed in the context of a request, i.e., among the set of search keys for the request. Methods of characterizing the resolution power of keys automatically are studied, and the effects search keys of varying resolution power have on retrieval effectiveness are analyzed. It is shown that it often is possible to identify the best key of a query while the discrimination between the remaining keys presents problems. It is also shown that query performance is improved by suitably using the best key in a structured query. The tests were run with InQuery1in a subcollection of the TREC collection, which contained some 515,000 documents.
Separation of peroxidation products of diacyl‐phosphatidylcholines by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Reis A. , Domingues M. R. M. , Amado Francisco M. L. , Ferrer‐Correia A. J. V. , Domingues P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractLipid peroxidation process has attracted much attention due to the growing evidence of its involvement in the pathogenesis of age‐related diseases. The monitoring of the lipid peroxidation products in phospholipids, formed under oxidative stress conditions, may provide new markers for oxidative stress signaling and for disease states, giving new insights in the pathogenesis process. Reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic method coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for the separation of oxidized glycero‐phosphatidylcholine (GPC) peroxidation products formed by the Fenton reaction that mimic in vivo oxidative stress conditions. The LC‐MS conditions were applied for the separation of peroxidation products of oleoyl‐ (POPC), lineloyl‐ (PLPC) and arachidonoyl‐palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PAPC). The peroxidation products separated included products resulting from the insertion of oxygen atoms in the sn‐2 chain (long‐chain), and products with the sn‐2 chain shortened resulting from cleavage of oxygen‐centered radicals (short‐chain). Among long‐chain products were the keto, hydroxy, hydroperoxide and poly‐hydroxy derivatives, while short‐chain products included dicarboxylic acids, aldehydes and hydroxy‐aldehydes. Separation of long‐chain products formed in each phosphatidylcholine was observed, and the reconstructed ion chromatogram of each ion showed an increase in the number of peaks with the increase in the number of oxygen atoms inserted into the phospholipid. Separation of short‐chain products took place according to the functional group present at the sn‐2 moiety that allowed the elution of dicarboxylic acids distinct from aldehydes. Separation between isomeric structures that were present in short‐ and long‐chain products was also achieved. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of a New CuTi2S4 Modification in Comparison to the Thiospinel.
Authors: Soheilnia Navid , Kleinke Katja M. , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Cuthbert Heather L. , Greedan John E. , Kleinke Holger 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient Chiral Copper Schiff‐Base Catalyst for Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of 2,5‐Dimethyl‐2,4‐hexadiene.
Authors: Itagaki Makoto , Hagiya Koji , Kamitamari Masashi , Masumoto Katsuhisa , Suenobu Katsuhiro , Yamamoto Yohsuke 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Alk‐5‐ynylidenecyclopropanes Promoted by the “First‐Generation” Grubbs Carbene Complex.
Authors: Lopez Fernando , Delgado Alejandro , Rodriguez J. Ramon , Castedo Luis , Mascarenas Jose L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Esters with Organoboron Compounds and Decarbonylative Reduction of Esters with HCOONH4: A New Route to Acyl Transition Metal Complexes Through the Cleavage of Acyl—‐Oxygen Bonds in Esters.
Authors: Tatamidani Hiroto , Yokota Kazuhiko , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Chatani Naoto 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermal Transformation of Arylamidoximes in the Presence of Phosphorus Ylides. Unexpected Formation of 3‐Aryl‐5‐arylamino‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Nicolaides Demetrios N. , Litinas Konstantinos E. , Vrasidas Ioannis , Fylaktakidou Konstantina C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4‐Hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐(5‐phenyl‐2E,4E‐pentadien‐1‐oyl)‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one: Synthesis and Reactivity with Amines.
Authors: Ait‐Baziz Nabila , Rachedi Yahia , Hamdi Maamer , Silva Artur M. S. , Balegroune F. , Thierry Roisnel , Sellier N. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Formation of Six‐ and Seven‐Membered Ring by Intramolecular Pd‐Catalyzed Amination of N‐Allyl‐anthranilamides.
Authors: Beccalli Egle M. , Broggini Gianluigi , Paladino Giuseppe , Penoni Andrea , Zoni Caterina 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acylation of 3,4‐Dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines.
Authors: Terenin V. I. , Kabanova E. V. , Tselishcheva N. A. , Kovalkina M. A. , Pleshkova A. P. , Zyk N. V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
P1′ Oxadiazole Protease Inhibitors with Excellent Activity Against Native and Protease Inhibitor‐Resistant HIV‐1.
Authors: Kim Ronald M. , Rouse Elizabeth A. , Chapman Kevin T. , Schleif William A. , Olsen David B. , Stahlhut Mark , Rutkowski Carrie A. , Emini Emilio A. , Tata James R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Orally Active CCR5 Antagonists as anti‐HIV‐1 Agents. Part 2. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Anilide Derivatives Containing a Pyridine N‐Oxide Moiety.
Authors: Seto Masaki , Aramaki Yoshio , Imoto Hiroshi , Aikawa Katsuji , Oda Tsuneo , Kanzaki Naoyuki , Iizawa Yuji , Baba Masanori , Shiraishi Mitsuru 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C‐Phosphorylated N‐(Trichloroethylidene)sulfonamides: A New Type of Highly Electrophilic Imines.
Authors: Rassukana Yuliya V. , Onys'ko Petro P. , Davydova Kateryna O. , Sinitsa Anatolii D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Revisiting Diterpene Lactones of Suregada multiflora.
Authors: Choudhary M. Iqbal , Gondal Humaira Y. , Abbaskhan Ahmed , Jahan Ismat A. , Parvez Masood , Nahar Nilufar , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioisomeric Acetoxy Derivatives of 8‐Aza‐D‐homogona‐12,17a‐dione. Anellation of 1‐Methyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline with 4‐Acetoxy‐2‐acetylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione.
Authors: Gulyakevich O. V. , Zaitsev V. G. , Mikhal'chuk A. L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Concise Formal Synthesis of Alkaloid Cryptotackiene and Substituted 6H‐Indolo[2,3‐b]quinolines.
Authors: Sundaram G. S. M. , Venkatesh C. , Kumar U. K. Syam , Ila H. , Junjappa H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Cephalosporin Derivatives Possessing a Substituted Cinnamoyl Moiety at the 7β‐Position. Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of 3‐Acetoxymethyl Cephalosporin Derivatives.
Authors: Fini Adamo , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkylidenecarbenes, Alkylidenecarbenoids, and Competing Species: Which Is Responsible for Vinyl Nucleophilic Substitution, [1 + 2] Cycloadditions, 1,5‐CH Insertion, and the Fritsch—Buttenberg—Wiechell Rearrgement?
Authors: Knorr Rudolf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship of 4,10‐Dihydro‐4‐oxo‐4H‐imidazo[1,2‐a]indeno[1,2‐e]pyrazine Derivatives: Highly Potent and Selective AMPA Receptor Antagonists with in vivo Activity
Authors: Stutzmann Jean‐Marie , Vuilhorgne Marc , Mignani Serge 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Contributions of Electronic Circular Dichroism to the Investigation of Oligopeptide Conformations
Authors: Formaggio Fernando , Peggion Cristina , Crisma Marco , Kaptein Bernard , Broxterman Quirinus B. , Mazaleyrat Jean‐Paul , Wakselman Michel , Toniolo Claudio 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ash Tree Leaf Litter (Fraxinus excelsiorL.) Breakdown in Two Different Biotopes and Streams
Authors: Fleituch Tadeusz , Leichtfried Maria 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCoarse (0.5 mm) and fine (0.1 mm) mesh size bag methodology was used for comparing the breakdown of ash tree leaves (Fraxinus excelsiorL.) in two biotopes (dry – terrestrial and wet – overflown stream zones) in two low order streams (the Oberer Seebach (OSB), Lower Austria and the Brzezowka stream (BRZ), Beskidy Mountains, southern Poland). In total, 96 bags were exposed in autumn 2000. Ash‐free dry mass (AFDM) ranged in dry zones of both streams from 94–62% (OSB) and 85–53% (BRZ) respectively. The decomposition process was faster in wet zones: 96–33% (OSB) and 56–11% (B) during the study period. Significant differences in ash breakdown and its chemical content between studied streams were found. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen content (TN) of AFDM of litter showed increased differences with experiment duration between zones and between two bag types for both streams. The strongest increase of TOC and TN content (100% on average initial content) for bag types, zones, and streams was observed in the first two weeks of the experiment. These results confirm the importance of chemical compounds for microbiological processes (biofilms) in different ecosystem biotopes. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production and progeny testing of androgenetic rosy barb Puntius conchonius
Authors: Kirankumar Santhakumar , Pandian Thavamani Jegajothivel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractProtocol for androgenetic cloning of the rosy barb, Puntius conchonius, with contrasting gray and golden strains is described. At the intensity of 4.2 W/m2, UV irradiation for 3.0 min inactivates the maternal genome in eggs of the gray barb. Following activation by the golden barb sperm, 24‐min old eggs are shocked at 41°C for 2 min to restore diploidy. Maternal genomic inactivation is confirmed by the (i) golden body color, (ii) karyotyping, and (iii) progeny testing of F1–F3 progenies. Estimates of stage‐specific mortality of haploid and diploid androgenotes indicate no change in the time scale or developmental sequence, when sperm of related strain is used for activation, and when haploid genome regulates the development. Survival of androgenetic clones remains constant for the F1, F2, and F3 progenies and is about 15% and 7% at hatching and sexual maturity, respectively. Homozygosity of the androgenotes is shown to inflict greater mortality. Between F1 and F3 generations, the heterozygosity of the androgenetic clone is decreased, as evidenced by reduction in size hierarchy. Though the reproductive performance of the F1, F2, and F3 supermales is superior to the normal ones, the realized fecundity remains equal around 80 progenies per brood. The 92 crosses involving 16 supermales and 10 normal dams yield 75–100% male progenies, confirming the possible operation of XX♀:XY♂ sex determination system. The frequency of unexpected occurrence of female progenies is about 8%, the causes for which are discussed. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:938–951, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Metabolic link to ischemic brain injury and target of oxidative stress
Authors: Martin Erica , Rosenthal Robert E. , Fiskum Gary 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme complex (greater than 7 million Daltons) that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (the reduced form, NADH), and CO2. This reaction constitutes the bridge between anaerobic and aerobic cerebral energy metabolism. PDHC enzyme activity and immunoreactivity are lost in selectively vulnerable neurons after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Evidence from experiments carried out in vitro suggests that reperfusion‐dependent loss of activity is caused by oxidative protein modifications. Impaired enzyme activity may explain the reduced cerebral glucose and oxygen consumption that occurs after cerebral ischemia. This hypothesis is supported by the hyperoxidation of mitochondrial electron transport chain components and NAD(H) that occurs during reperfusion, indicating that NADH production, rather than utilization, is rate limiting. Additional support comes from the findings that immediate postischemic administration of acetyl‐L‐carnitine both reduces brain lactate/pyruvate ratios and improves neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest in animals. As acetyl‐L‐carnitine is converted to acetyl CoA, the product of the PDHC reaction, it follows that impaired production of NADH is due to reduced activity of either PDHC or one or more steps in glycolysis. Impaired cerebral energy metabolism and PDHC activity are associated also with neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome, suggesting that this enzyme is an important link in the pathophysiology of both acute brain injury and chronic neurodegeneration. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pentylenetetrazole affects metabolism of astrocytes in culture
Authors: Qu Hong , Eloqayli Haytham , Sonnewald Ursula 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCortical and cerebellar astrocytes were cultured in medium containing pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist, for 3 weeks (up to 6 mM) or 2 hr (10 mM). Cells were incubated in medium containing [U‐13C]glutamate (0.5 mM) and unlabeled glucose (3 mM) for 2 hr and cell extracts and media were analyzed by 13C magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When cerebellar astrocytes were incubated with PTZ for 2 hr, the amount of glucose removed from the medium and glucose and [U‐13C]glutamate oxidation were decreased. Metabolism in cortical astrocytes was affected only slightly; amounts of glutathione and aspartate were decreased. When cerebellar and cortical cells were cultured in the presence of PTZ for 3 weeks, the amount of glucose removed from the medium and lactate formed were increased, indicating increased glycolytic activity. Despite the increased intracellular [U‐13C]glutamate concentration in both types of astrocytes cultured with PTZ, labeled glutamine and glutathione were unchanged, indicating intracellular compartmentation. The amount of cellular protein was decreased at 6 mM PTZ for cerebellar astrocytes and 1 mM for cortical astrocytes, indicating a differential sensitivity to the effects of PTZ. In conclusion, mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis were decreased by short‐term incubation with PTZ in cerebellar astrocytes, whereas long‐term incubation affected both types of astrocytes, leading to increased glycolysis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.