bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Transfusion at Delivery and Risk of Subsequent Malignant Lymphoma in the Mother
Authors: Anderson Harald , Brandt Lars , Ericson Anders , Olsson Håkan , Möller Torgil 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Blood transfusion has been shown to be a risk factor for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Materials and Methods: In a cohort of 77,928 women with bleeding complications at delivery in the period of 1973–1986, subsequent NHL cases were identified and the number was compared with the number expected from national incidence rates. In a case‐control study the proportion of transfused NHL cases was compared with the proportion of transfused controls. Results: The observed number of NHL in the cohort was 18 versus 22.0 expected. Information on transfusion was obtained for 15 of the NHL cases and none (0%) was transfused versus 32 out of 136 controls (23%). Conclusions: Blood transfusion at delivery is not a risk factor for NHL. The immune tolerance induced by pregnancy may reduce the risk of NHL associated with the transfusion of allogeneic blood cells.
Comparison of Filtration Properties of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Simian Virus 40 Using a Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Filter
Authors: Oshima Kevin H. , Evans‐Strickfaden Tammy T. , Highsmith Anita K. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: We examined the ability of a modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter to remove blood‐borne and surrogate viruses. Materials and Methods: Phages PR772 and PP7, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus and simian virus 40 (SV40) were spiked in minimum essential media with 10% fetal calf serum and the concentration of these viruses compared before and after filtration by either plaque assay or polymerase chain reaction. Results: Viruses > 50 nm were removed to below detection limits (> 106 logs) for all filters tested. A 5‐log reduction of HBV (42 nm) and 2‐ to 3‐log reduction of HCV (30–65 nm) was observed. Conclusion: A predictable size‐based removal of virol agents was observed. The results also suggest the possible utility of SV40 as a surrogate to HBV for membrane filter challenge studies.
GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus and Intravenous Immunoglobulins
Authors: Nübling C. M. , Gröner A. , Löwer J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Different intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) were found to be GB virus C/hepatitis G virus polymerase chain reaction (GBV‐C/HGV‐PCR)‐positive. The potential transmission of this virus to recipients by a PCR‐positive IVIG batch was investigated. Materials and Methods: Polyclonal IVIGs of different manufacturers and with different virus inactivation procedures were analyzed by GBV‐C/HGV‐PCR and anti‐E2‐ELISA. Follow‐up sera of 13 participants of a clinical trial performed with a GBV‐C/HGV‐PCR‐positive batch were retrospectively investigated for GBV‐C/HGV seroconversion (specific antibodies, viral RNA). Results: Four out of ten IVIGs analysed by GBV‐C/HGV‐PCR were – at least for some batches ‐ virus genome‐positive. Virus inactivation by solvent/detergent treatment resulted in GBV‐C/HGV‐PCR‐negative products. GBV‐C/HGV‐specific antibodies were detectable in all IVIGs analyzed. There was no transmission of GBV‐C/HGV‐observed when recipients of a large amount of GBV‐C/HGV‐PCR‐positive batch were analyzed by an antibody test and specific PCR. Conclusions: Despite PCR positivity of an IVIG preparation no transmission of GBV‐C/HGV to recipients was observed. Possible explanations are a sufficient virus inactivation procedure and/or presence of specific antibodies in the final products.
Comparison of Seroprevalences of Human Herpesvirus‐6 and ‐7 in Healthy Blood Donors from Nine Countries
Authors: Krueger G. R. F. , Koch B. , Leyssens N. , Berneman Z. , Rojo J. , Horwitz C. , Sloots T. , Margalith M. , Conradie J. D. , Imai S. , Urasinski I. , de Bruyère M. , Ferrer Argote V. , Krueger J. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to register antibody prevalences of HHV‐7 in various locations of the world in comparison to the closely related HHV‐6. Materials and Methods: Sera of healthy blood donors from nine countries in five continents were titered by indirect immunofluorescent assays using HHV‐6 infected HSB2 and HHV‐7 infected SupT1 cells. Results: Antibody prevalence for HHV‐7 is high (75–98%) in practically all countries except for Northern Japan (44%), with no simple correlation to elevated HHV‐6 antibody titers. There were regions of low, intermediate and high mean antibody titers against HHV‐7 such as 78.5–91.3 for Belgium, Israel, Japan, USA and Australia, 175.4–182.6 for Mexico and Cologne/Germany, and 389.2 for South Africa for which geographic characteristics may be responsible. Conclusion: HHV‐7, similar to HHV‐6, is a widespread human herpesvirus with elevated antibody titers in the healthy human population essentially everywhere. The data warratn further studies to evaluate its possible pathologic potential, preferentially in persons with defective immune responses.
Three Cases of Platelet Alloimmunisation Associated with the Presence of a Novel Platelet Specific Antibody
Authors: Masters Ruth , Taaning Ellen 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: In three cases of platelet alloimmunisation, a platelet‐specific alloantibody was detected which could not be classified within the known human platelet alloantigen or HLA systems. The first case was of a family in which two siblings suffered neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia at birth. In the second case, the newborn was suffering from phocomelia with hypoplastic thrombocytopenia. The third case was a male who became refractory to transfusions of HLA‐matched platelets after a related bone marrow transplantation. Materials and Methods: The serum samples were investigated by: enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT), monoclonal antibody immobilisation of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA), and by the lymphocytotoxicity test. Results: The antibody gave positive reactions with 26% of normal donor platelets. Surprisingly, no platelet‐specific antibody was detected by PSIFT or by MAIPA and there was no evidence found to support classifying the antibody within the HLA system. Conclusion: The reactivity pattern of the antibody detected and the clinical presentation of the three cases described, strongly suggest the presence of an additional platelet specific alloantigen system.
Erythropoiesis after Therapy with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: A Dose‐Response Study in Anemic Cancer Surgery Patients
Authors: Braga M. , Gianotti L. , Gentilini O. , Vignali A. , Corizia L. , Di Carlo V. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Preoperative treatment with 600 U/kg of recombinant human erythropoietin (r‐HuEPO) effectively increases erythropoiesis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the erythropoietic response after different doses of r‐HuEPO in order to find the minimum effective dose. Materials and Methods: Twenty anemic sideropenic patients (hemoglobin ≤ 110 g/l; serum iron <600 μg/l) with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract were randomly allocated to two groups: the first (n = 10) received 400 U/kg of r‐Hu EPO divided in 4 doses (100 U/kg each, every 4 days); the second (n = 10) received 200 U/kg of r‐HuEPO (50 U/kg each, every 4 days). Both groups were given intravenous iron gluconate (125 mg) every day for 15 days. Results: After treatment, the serum iron level significantly rose in both groups. The production of new red blood cells was 176.3±90.8 ml in the 200 U/kg group and 268.4±79.4 ml in the 400 U/kg group (p = 0.036). The increase of hemoglobin was significantly higher in the 400 U/kg group (22.3±2.0 g/l) than in the 200 U/kg group (14.1±2.7 g/l) (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The r‐HuEPO dose of 400 U/kg appears significantly more effective than the 200 U/kg to stimulate erythropoiesis in anemic sideropenic cancer patients.
Efficiency of Donor Screening for Human Parvovirus B19 by the Receptor‐Mediated Hemagglutination Assay Method
Authors: Sakata H. , Ihara H. , Sato S. , Kato T. , Ikeda H. , Sekiguchi S. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Mass screening for parvovirus B19 (B19) by receptor‐mediated hemagglutination assay (RHA) may be inadequate to eliminate the virus from plasma pools. We characterized B19 carriers detected in blood donor screening by RHA to explain why some carriers were not detected by RHA. Materials and Methods: Donor plasma was screened for B19 by RHA, B19 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and anti‐B19 by enzyme immunoassay. Results: B19 DNA‐positive specimens (n = 73) screened from 456,665 donors were divided into group A (n = 41) with high DNA and high RHA titers, group B (n = 16) with low DNA and low RHA titers, and group C (n = 16) RHA‐negative. Most (37/41) of the group A samples were without anti‐B19, while most (15/16) of the group B samples were positive for anti‐B19. Group C specimens were screened by PCR from 3,042 random RHA‐negative specimens. Analysis of samples from early infections revealed that the viremic period, corresponding to group A, lasted only 8‐10 days after infection. The RHA reactivity fell rapidly with the appearance of anti‐B19 and disappeared 28‐30 days after infection, thus corresponding to group B. The RHA reactions of group B specimens were often unstable, probably because of the formation of immune complexes. The B19 DNA‐positive, RHA‐negative state lasted for several months, which corresponded to group C. Conclusion: Only group A specimens are reliably eliminated in donor screening by RHA. Therefore, although donors with high B19 DNA could be screened out by testing for B19 by the RHA, most B19 carriers, with low B19 DNA and RHA‐negative, will not be eliminated.
Clinical Experience with a New Solvent Detergent‐Treated Intravenous Immunoglobulin Free of Hypotensive Effects
Authors: Chidwick K. , Matejtschuk P. , Gascoigne E. , Briggs N. , More J.E. , Dash C.H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Objective:
To see if modifications to the processing of intravenous immunoglobulin to include a virus inactivation stage alter immunoglobulin G (IgG) resulting in hypotension in patients. Methods: Clinical trials were done involving extensive patient monitoring during infusion: in vitro‐testing for markers of hypotension, and in vivo‐an animal model which closely simulates clinical use. Results: No hypotensive response was seen in the animal model or clinical trial. Conclusions: The production process used does not damage IgG or create vaso‐active kinins as the preparation was free of hypotensive effects.
DVa Category Phenotype and Genotype in Japanese Families
Authors: Legler T.J. , Wiemann V. , Ohto H. , Matuda I. , Obara T. , Uchikawa M. , Köhler M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The genetic background of the DVa category phenotype has been described in two Caucasian individuals. We were interested in the RHD sequence of 7 Japanese DVa individuals and their families. Materials and Methods: With SSP‐PCR we tested exons 4, 5 and 7 of the RHD gene and used restriction enzymes for testing nucelotide associated with the DVa phenotype. Results: A single RHD G667 C697 allele was present in 5 individuals with DVa category phenotype, and in 2 individuals we found a D‐CE‐D hybrid gene (exon 5 had been replaced). The DVaCe gene complex was found in all families. Conclusion: The changes of the RHD gene described in European DVa individuals were also observed in Japanese families.
Transfusion‐Associated Sepsis Caused by Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Pinto Vicente , Telenti Mauricio , Palomo Carmen , de Quirós José F. Bernaldo 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives
: The contamination of blood components by bacteria is an adverse event, which, although very uncommon, has an exceptionally high mortality rate. Case Report: A patient suffering from terminal adenocarcinoma of the ovary received a red blood cell unit. During the transfusion, the patient developed fever. Cultures of both the patient's blood and the blood unit were done, and she was treated with antibiotics. Forty‐eight and seventy‐two hours after the transfusion, Candida parapsilosis grew in the blood cultures of the red blood cell bag and of the patient. The infection was controlled with amphotericin. The patient died from cancer progression. Conclusion: We describe the first case of transfusion‐associated sepsis caused by C. parapsilosis.
A Competitive Enzyme‐Linked Immunoassay Using Erythrocytes Fixed to Microtitre Plates For Anti‐D Quantitation in Immunoglobulin Products
Authors: Thorpe Susan J. , Turner Christina E. , Heath Amanda C. , Sands Dawn 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The batch control of anti‐D immunoglobulin for prevention of haemolytic disease of the newborn necessitates assessment of its potency. Anti‐D quantitation is usually performed using automated haemagglutination methodology although this can only be carried out in specialist centres. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and robust assay for anti‐D quantitation. Methods: We developed a competitive enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) in which unlabelled anti‐D immunoglobulin and a biotinylated monoclonal anti‐D compete for red cell binding. Binding of biotinylated anti‐D is detected using an alkaline‐phosphatase‐labelled avidin preparation. The assay is conveniently carried out using erythrocytes fixed to microtitre plates. Results: The competitive EIA was specific for anti‐D activity, highly reproducible and showed good correlation with manufacturers' potency estimates using automated haemagglutination. The assay was quick and simple to perform using freshly prepared or stored plates, and the biotinylated monoclonal anti‐D could be lyophilized in ampoules for distribution as a standardized reagent. Conclusions: The competitive EIA described can be used for the specific quantitation of anti‐D and provides a robust alternative method to automated haemagglutination.
HLA‐C Expression on Platelets: Studies with an HLA‐Cw1‐Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Datema Gert , Stein Sophia , Eijsink Chantal , Mulder Arend , Claas Frans H.J. , Doxiadis Ilias I.N. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
The expression of HLA‐C on the surface of platelets is rarely studied due to the lack of proper alloantisera. We addressed this question using an IgM human monoclonal antibody directed against HLA‐Cw1 (VP6G3). Material and Methods: Both flow cytometry and complement dependent cytotoxicity studies were used in the current analysis. Results: The expression of the HLA‐Cw1 antigen on platelets is lower than on peripheral blood lymphocytes as shown by flow cytometry. Variation in expression levels between individuals is also observed. Using this antibody in a complementdependent cytotoxicity assay, we did not observe lysis using platelets as targets, whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same blood donors were adequately lysed. Conclusions: These results confirm that platelets indeed express HLA‐C. Furthermore, the results support the insignificant role of HLA‐C in immunological platelet refractoriness.
Prevalence of GBV‐C/Hepatitis G Virus Viremia and Anti‐E2 in Canadian Blood Donors
Authors: Giulivi A. , Slinger R. , Tepper M. , Sher G. , Scalia V. , Kessler G. , Gill P. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
GB virus C (GBV‐C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a recently recognized parenterally and sexually transmitted agent. The prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV markers in Canadian blood donors has not been previously studied and was therefore determined. Materials and Methods: Blood donors [identity unlinked (IU), short‐term temporarily deferred (STTD) and autologous groups] and donor samples with antibodies to hepatitis C (anti‐HCV) or hepatitis B core were tested for GBV‐C/HGV RNA and for antibodies to E2 antigen (anti‐E2). Results: GBV‐C/HGV RNA was found in 1.1% and anti‐E2 in 7.3% of the combined IU/STTD donor group. Viremia was much more common in anti‐HCV‐positive samples (12.5%); anti‐E2 was present in >50% of this group. In the STTD group, female gender was significantly associated with viremia. Conclusion: GBV‐C/HGV infection is relatively common in Canadian donors, and a small proportion are viremic. The association of female gender and viremia was unexpected. Further study is needed to clarify the epidemiology and natural history of GBV‐C/HGV infection.
An international study of the performance of sample collection from patients
Authors: Dzik W. H. , Murphy M. F. , Andreu G. , Heddle N. , Hogman C. , Kekomaki R. , Murphy S. , Shimizu M. , Smit‐Sibinga C. T. ,   the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Working Party of the International Society for Blood Transfusion
Published: December 2004

Background and Objectives Collection of a blood sample from the correct patient is the first step in the process of safe transfusion. The aim of this international collaborative study was to assess the frequency of mislabelled and miscollected samples drawn for blood grouping.Materials and Methods Hospitals in 10 countries provided data on sample error rates during a period of at least 3 months, including the last quarter of 2001. Mislabelled samples were defined as those not meeting local criteria for acceptance by the laboratory. Miscollected samples [wrong‐blood‐in‐tube (WBIT)] were defined as samples in which the blood group result differed from the result on file from prior testing. WBIT rates were corrected for the proportion of repeat samples and for undetectable errors occurring as a result of chance collection of blood from the wrong patient with the same ABO group. Participants also completed a questionnaire on current policies regarding sample collection.Results A total of 71 hospitals completed surveys describing policies related to sample collection. Sixty‐two hospitals provided usable data on the frequency of mislabelled and miscollected samples. Mislabelled and miscollected samples were common. Based on results from over 690 000 samples, the median hospital performance resulted in a rate for mislabelling of 1 in every 165 samples (6·1 per 1000; interquartile range 1·2–17 per 1000). The presence of national patient identification systems in Sweden and Finland was associated with rates of miscollected samples that were too low to estimate. Outside these nations, miscollected samples demonstrating WBIT occurred at a median rate of 1 in every 1986 samples (0·5 per 1000; interquartile range < 0·3–0·9 per 1000). There was great variation worldwide in the reported frequency of mislabelled samples, probably resulting from variation in policies for sample acceptance. Miscollected samples occurred at a more constant rate.Conclusions The rate of mislabelled samples and miscollected samples is 1000–10 000‐fold more frequent than the risk of viral infection. Rates of mislabelled samples and WBIT can be tracked as key indicators of performance of an important step in the clinical transfusion process. WBIT episodes represent important ‘near‐miss’ errors. By providing baseline performance data for the collection of patient blood samples, this study may be useful in formulating future national standards of performance for sample collection from patients.
Monitoring blood transfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: an audit methodology
Authors: Grayson A. D. , Jackson M. , Desmond M. J. 
Published: December 2004

Background and Objectives The purpose of this work was to describe the methodology used to build a transfusion database that allows continuous audit of transfusion practices in coronary artery bypass surgery.Materials and Methods The transfusion database requires electronic data available from two sources: the hospital's patient administration system; and the local blood transfusion service.Results We demonstrated a reduction in the percentage of patients receiving red blood cell transfusion: from 47·4% in 1997/1998 to 31·6% in 2001/2002 (P < 0·001). Reductions have also been shown in the percentage of patients receiving fresh‐frozen plasma and platelet units.Conclusions The data sourcing the transfusion database should be available to all hospitals through their patient administration systems and local blood transfusion service. Its use can help to reduce transfusion rates significantly.
Primary ocular osteosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Heath Susan , Rankin Amy J. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn adult male Rottweiler presented to the veterinary medical teaching hospital at Purdue University with a 1‐month history of hyphema. On physical examination conjunctivitis, episcleral hyperemia, corneal edema, hyphema, mild glaucoma and loss of vision were observed in the left eye. No other abnormalities were found. The left globe was surgically removed because of the high likelihood of neoplasia and it was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and submitted for pathology. A histologic diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma of the eye was made. Radiographic evaluation did not reveal any evidence of other tumors or pulmonary metastasis. This is the fourth canine case of primary intraocular osteosarcoma to be documented.
Neuroepithelial tumor of the retina in a dog
Authors: Jensen Ove A. , Kaarsholm Susanne , Prause Jan U. , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAnimal studied At routine vaccination a tumor in the right eye of a Golden Retriever was diagnosed.Procedure The eye was enucleated, fixed in formalin and processed according to routine paraffin technique. Standard histologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings were applied. Formalin‐fixed tissue was used for electron microscopic examination.Results The tumor originated from the retina and was composed of two different morphologic parts, a retinoblastoma‐like part of small neuroepithelial cells and a medulloepithelioma‐like part of columnar cells arranged in cords.Discussion and conclusion It is discussed whether the tumor had its origin in different clones or in one clone, and it is suggested that the double differentiation might be the result of a transformation of retinal cells, demasking stem cell‐like potentials.
The first year of rehabilitation after a stroke – from two perspectives
Authors: Bendz Mona 
Published: December 2004

This phenomenographic study aimed to highlight divergent ways in which a group of people hit by a stroke and their health care professionals understand the implications of having a stroke. Data consisted of interviews with 15 patients (aged less than 65 years) who have had a stroke and transcripts from the health care professionals’ recording during the first year of rehabilitation. Three basic conceptions related to the stroke were shared, but the interpretation of these conceptions and the goals of the rehabilitative activities differed. While the patients’ experience of the loss of control, fatigue and a fear of a relapse influenced their rehabilitation process, the health care professionals ignored these aspects in their recording. Their focus was more on reduced functions and training. Successful rehabilitation must be based on the conceptions of those who have had a stroke of what it involves. Goals should be explicitly expressed and discussed and be experienced as relevant by the person who has had a stroke as well as by the health care professionals.Measures to assess all the implications of strokes must be developed. The multi‐professional perspectives represented amongst the team of health care professionals must be adopted and implemented.