bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decline of hepatitis B carrier rate in vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects: Sixteen years after newborn vaccination program in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hans Hsienhong , Wang Li‐Yu , Hu Chi‐Tan , Huang Shih‐Che , Huang Lu‐Chin , Lin Sherry S.J. , Chiang Yu‐Ming , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTaiwan was an endemic area for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and related liver diseases cause a significant drain of public resources. To control the endemic, a nation‐wide newborn vaccination program was started in 1985. We reviewed the results of the annual survey for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) performed in freshmen class of two high schools in Hualien, eastern Taiwan, from 1991 to 2001. A total of 10,194 students, most of them 15 years old, were tested for serum HBsAg using enzyme immunoassays. There is a significant trend (P < 0.0001) of decreasing HBsAg carrier rate from 20.3 to 4.4% in males and 14.3% to 2.4% in females, respectively, over 11 years. The HBsAg carrier rate was 16.0–20.3% in students surveyed during 1991–1993 (born more than 6 years before the start of the national vaccination program), which decreased to 7.7–11.9% during 1994–1999 (born 1–6 years before the program). It further declined to 4.7% and 3.4% in 2000 and 2001 (born after the start of the program). The HBsAg carrier rate in male students was significantly higher than that in female students in most of the years. The HBV newborn vaccination program not only successfully prevented most of the perinatal transmission of HBV but also reduced horizontal transmission of HBV to children born up to 6 years before the start of the program. Also, the protection persisted for at least 15 years. J. Med. Virol. 69:471–474, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequencing of human‐viral DNA junctions in hepatocellular carcinoma from patients with HCV and occult HBV infection
Authors: Tamori Akihiro , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Kubo Shoji , Enomoto Masaru , Koh Noritoshi , Takeda Tadashi , Shiomi Susumu , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Otani Shuzo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDNA of free hepatitis B viruses (HBV) has been detected in the liver of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is unknown whether HBV DNA is integrated into such livers; if so, it may affect hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from 34 patients without HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and with anti‐HCV, and from 7 patients with HBsAg and without anti‐HCV as controls, were examined, using the cassette‐ligation–mediated polymerase chain reaction and primers based on HBV DNA sequence. In the controls, HBV DNA had been integrated into human DNA of all HCCs. On the basis of HBV DNA in tumor tissue, 23 of the 34 patients with anti‐HCV had occult infection. Junctions between human DNA and HBV DNA were detected in 10 of the 34 patients without HBsAg and with anti‐HCV. HBV DNA was integrated into chromosome 11q in 4 of the 10 HCCs with junctions. The DNA to either side of the human‐viral junctions was sequenced. Clinically, the mean tumor size of these 10 HCCs was 39 mm; that of the 24 HCCs without integrated HBV was 25 mm. The surrounding tissue was cirrhotic in 2 of the 10 former HCCs and in 16 of the latter 24 HCCs. In conclusion, integrated HBV was detected in some patients with HCV infection; in these patients, the integrated DNA was associated with accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 69:475–481, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in renal transplant patients with de novo glomerulonephritis
Authors: Kamar Nassim , Rostaing Lionel , Boulestin Anne , Sandres Karine , Dubois Martine , Ribes David , Modesto Anne , Durand Dominique , Izopet Jacques 
Published: February 2003

AbstractLong‐term renal allograft survival in kidney transplant recipients infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be influenced by the occurrence of de novo glomerulopathy associated with this virus. Therefore, we studied the evolution of HCV quasispecies in kidney transplant recipients infected by HCV with or without de novo glomerulopathy. The hypervariable region 1 (HVR‐1) of the virus envelope was analyzed by cloning and sequencing 20 clones per sample to assess complexity and diversity from six kidney transplant patients who developed de novo glomerulopathy (group I) matched to six kidney transplant recipients without glomerular disease (group II), according to age, time since renal transplantation, and HCV genotype. Two sera were analyzed for each patient: one at the time of renal transplantation and the other at the time of appearance of de novo glomerulopathy, or after a similar duration since transplantation in group II. Overall, there was a significant increase of HCV viremia after the transplantation. This increase did not differ significantly between group I (+0.5 log copies/ml) and group II patients (+1 log copies/ml). The intersample diversity of HCV was similar in the two groups. Complexity and viral diversity were also similar at the time of transplantation. By contrast, complexity, diversity, and the proportion of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site were significantly higher after transplantation in group I patients. Our findings suggest a higher immune response and/or a particular cytokine production in patients developing de novo glomerulopathy rather than a direct effect of HCV on renal cells. J. Med. Virol. 69:482–488, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients on hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Perez Renata M. , Ferraz Maria Lucia G. , Figueiredo Mauro S. , Contado Denilson , Koide Sandra , Ferreira Adalgisa P. , Cendoroglo Neto Miguel , Medina Pestana José O. , Silva Antonio Eduardo B. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in patients on hemodialysis and in kidney transplant recipients was compared with that observed in a control group composed of HCV‐infected individuals from the general population. A total of 340 patients were included in the study: 46 with end‐stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis treatment, 22 kidney transplant recipients and 272 controls matched for sex and age at a 4:1 ratio (controls to patient). HCV genotype was determined by sequencing of the 5′ untranslated region of the HCV genome. No difference was observed in the distribution of HCV genotypes in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients (P = 0.47). However, when each of these groups was compared with the control group, a significant difference was detected in the genotype distribution (P < 0.001). In hemodialysis and renal transplant patients the most prevalent subtype was 1a, followed by 1b, 3, and other less prevalent genotypes (2, 4, and 5), whereas in the control group the most prevalent subtype was 1b, followed by 3, 1a, and others. That observation may reflect differences in the epidemiology of HCV infection, viral characteristics and host factors in renal patients in comparison to the control group. J. Med. Virol. 69:489–494, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heparin‐interacting sites of bovine lactoferrin are involved in anti‐adenovirus activity
Authors: Di Biase Assunta Maria , Pietrantoni Agostina , Tinari Antonella , Siciliano Rosa , Valenti Piera , Antonini Giovanni , Seganti Lucilla , Superti Fabiana 
Published: February 2003

AbstractLactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family of ∼80 kDa, consists of a single polypeptide chain folded in two symmetric, globular lobes (N‐ and C‐lobes), each able to bind one ferric ion. This glycoprotein, found in physiological fluids of mammals, plays an important role in immune regulation and in defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Although the antiviral activity of lactoferrin is one of the major biological functions of such protein, the mechanism of action is still under debate. We have investigated both the role of tryptic fragments of bovine lactoferrin and the mechanism of lactoferrin antiviral effect toward adenovirus infection in HEp‐2 cells. The results obtained demonstrated that the anti‐adenovirus activity of lactoferrin is mediated by the N‐terminal half of the protein as the N‐lobe was able to inhibit adenovirus infection, even if at lower extent than undigested lactoferrin, whereas C‐lobe was ineffective. The results also showed that the anti‐adenovirus action of lactoferrin and of its N‐terminal peptide lactoferricin took place on virus attachment to cell membrane, mainly through competition for common glycosaminoglycan receptors. The data provide evidence that the anti‐adenovirus activity of lactoferrin is mediated mainly by the cluster of positive charges at the N‐terminus of whole molecule and that the N‐terminal peptide lactoferricin alone is sufficient to prevent infection. J. Med. Virol. 69:495–502, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polystyrene derivatives substituted with arginine interact with Babanki (Togaviridae) and Kedougou (Flaviviridae) viruses
Authors: Imbert‐Laurenceau Emmanuelle , Crepinior José , Crance Jean‐Marc , Jouan Alain , Migonney Véronique 
Published: February 2003

AbstractOutbreaks of new or old diseases appear primarily in tropical zones such as Africa, south and central America, or Asia. Among these diseases, those induced by Arboviruses (the best known of which are being yellow fever, dengue, Ebola, and Sindbis) are under intensive observation by the World Health Organization. Rapid isolation and identification of the viral species is the first step in the diagnosis, study, and control of epidemics. One major problem with the isolation of viruses is capturing sufficient numbers of viral particles to test. The work presented in this report addresses this question. We have tested the interaction between Babanki (Togaviridae), Kedougou (Flaviviridae) viruses, and a range of insoluble polystyrene derivatives substituted with arginine groups. Insoluble functionalized copolymers were found to develop specific interactions with viruses through chemical groups present on their surfaces. The adsorption of viruses varied according to the percentage of arginine substituted onto the polymer, with a maximum value for both viruses of about 20% of grafting rate. It was also found that the Kedougou virus displayed the highest affinity for this polymer. J. Med. Virol. 69:503–509, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coxsackievirus immunization delays onset of diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice
Authors: Davydova B. , Härkönen T. , Kaialainen S. , Hovi T. , Vaarala O. , Roivainen M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractEnteroviruses may be involved in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes through different mechanisms including triggering of autoimmunity. The effect of immunization with coxsackievirus B4‐E2 on diabetes incidence was studied in the non‐obese diabetic mice, an animal model for human autoimmune insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. The immunization delayed the onset of diabetes in the mice, and the effect was mediated at least partially by virus immunization‐activated splenocytes as demonstrated by adoptive transfer experiments. Immunization resulted in a strong humoral immune response against the immunizing virus, formalin‐inactivated coxsackievirus B4‐E2. Cell‐mediated immune response to virus antigen was characterised by interferon gamma and interleukin 10 secretion. The immunization also resulted in increased antibody levels against several beta‐cell autoantigens. By using epitope mapping we were able to show that in addition to reactivity with the known epitopes of viral proteins and tyrosine phosphatase IA‐2 or heat shock protein 60, responses to some other regions of autoantigens were enhanced. In preproinsulin, the response was restricted against an antigenic region earlier identified as DR4‐dependent epitope. This reactivity can not be explained by homologous amino acid sequences and it is possible that enterovirus immunization might change the autoantigen specific TH1/TH2 balance in non‐obese diabetic mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that coxsackievirus immunization increased humoral immune response to beta cell autoantigens and this was associated with a less destructive pathology for spontaneous diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice. J. Med. Virol. 69:510–520, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supernatants from dengue virus type‐2 infected macrophages induce permeability changes in endothelial cell monolayers
Authors: Carr Jillian M. , Hocking Helen , Bunting Karen , Wright Peter J. , Davidson Andrew , Gamble Jennifer , Burrell Christopher J. , Li Peng 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe ability of dengue virus‐infected human monocyte‐derived macrophages to induce permeability changes in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells was investigated. Supernatants from dengue virus type 2‐infected monocyte‐derived macrophages increased permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers without inducing endothelial cell infection. Production of permeabilising activity from monocyte‐derived macrophages occurred after the peak of progeny virus release. TNF‐α, a known inducer of endothelial cell permeability, was released from dengue virus infected monocyte‐derived macrophages but its release did not coincide with release of endothelial cell permeabilising activity. Permeability induction was enhanced by pre‐incubation with supernatants from infected monocyte‐derived macrophages harvested at the time of peak release of TNF‐α and infectious virus. Thus, supernatants from dengue virus‐infected monocyte‐derived macrophages contain factors that increase human umbilical vein endothelial cell permeability, but this is not accompanied by endothelial cell infection or directly correlated with release of dengue virus or TNF‐α from monocyte‐derived macrophages. This model system can be used for further in vitro analysis of mechanisms that may relate to capillary leakage and the development of dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. J. Med. Virol. 69:521–528, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and biological analysis of echovirus 9 strain isolated from a diabetic child
Authors: Paananen Anja , Ylipaasto Petri , Rieder Elizabeth , Hovi Tapani , Galama Jochem , Roivainen Merja 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe full‐length infectious cDNA clone was constructed and sequenced from the strain DM of echovirus 9, which was recently isolated from a 6‐week‐old child at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. Parallel with the isolate DM, the full‐length infectious cDNA clone of the prototype strain echovirus 9 Barty (Barty‐INF), was constructed and sequenced. Genetic relationships of the sequenced echo 9 viruses to the other members of the human enterovirus type B species were studied by phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of capsid protein sequences showed that the isolate DM was closely related to both prototype strains: Hill and Barty‐INF. The only exception was the inner capsid protein VP4 where serotype specificity was not evident and the isolate DM clustered with the strain Hill and the strain Barty‐INF with echovirus 30 Bastianni. Likewise, the nonstructural protein coding region, P2P3, of isolate DM was more similar to strain Hill than to strain Barty‐INF. However, like echovirus 9 Barty, the isolate DM contained the RGD‐motif in the carboxy terminus of capsid protein VP1. By blocking experiments using an RGD‐containing peptide and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the αvβ3‐integrin, it was shown that this molecule works as a cellular receptor for isolate DM. By using primary human islets, it was shown that the isolate DM is capable of infecting insulin‐producing β‐cells like the corresponding prototype strains did. However, only isolate DM was clearly cytolytic for β‐cells. The infectious clones that were made allow further investigations of the molecular features responsible for the diabetogenicity of the isolate DM. J. Med. Virol. 69:529–537, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virus‐inhibiting surgical glove to reduce the risk of infection by enveloped viruses
Authors: Bricout Fernand , Moraillon Anne , Sonntag Philippe , Hoerner Pierre , Blackwelder William , Plotkin Stanley 
Published: February 2003

AbstractNeedle puncture and other accidents that occur during surgery and other procedures may lead to viral infections of medical personnel, notably by hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), now that hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination. A new surgical glove called G‐VIR, which contains a disinfecting agent for enveloped viruses, has been developed. Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV) was used as a standard enveloped virus in both in vitro and in vivo tests of the virucidal capacity of the glove. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were used as models for HCV and HIV, respectively. For in vitro study, a contaminated needle was passed through a glove and residual virus was titrated; for in vivo studies, animals were stuck with a contaminated needle through a glove. Despite variation in virus enumeration inherent in the puncture technique, statistical evaluation showed that infection was reproducibly and substantially reduced by passage through the virucidal layer. For BVDV, the amount of virus passing through the virucidal glove was reduced in 82% of pairwise comparisons with control gloves that lacked the virucidal agent; when plaque counts were adjusted to a common dilution, the median count for the virucidal glove was on the average reduced >10‐fold. In experiments in which the proportion of wells infected with FIV was measured, the ratio of TCID50 values (control glove to G‐VIR) was >15, and probably much higher. For HSV, the amount of virus passing through the virucidal glove was reduced in 81% of comparisons with control gloves; the median of adjusted plaque counts was reduced on the average approximately eightfold or ninefold. In vivo tests with FIV and HSV in cats and mice, respectively, found smaller percentage reductions in infection than the in vitro tests but confirmed the virucidal effect of the gloves. J. Med. Virol. 69:538–545, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus type‐16 variants in Quechua aboriginals from Argentina
Authors: Picconi María Alejandra , Alonio Lidia Virginia , Sichero Laura , Mbayed Viviana , Villa Luisa Lina , Gronda Jorge , Campos Rodolfo , Teyssié Angélica 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCervical carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer death in Quechua indians from Jujuy (northwestern Argentina). To determine the prevalence of HPV‐16 variants, 106 HPV‐16 positive cervical samples were studied, including 33 low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 28 high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 9 invasive cervical cancer (ICC), and 36 samples from women with normal colposcopy and cytology. HPV genome variability was examined in the L1 and E6 genes by PCR‐hybridization. In a subset of 20 samples, a LCR fragment was also analyzed by PCR‐sequencing. Most variants belonged to the European branch with subtle differences that depended on the viral gene fragment studied. Only about 10% of the specimens had non‐European variants, including eight Asian‐American, two Asian, and one North‐American‐1. E6 gene analysis revealed that 43% of the samples were identical to HPV‐16 prototype, while 57% corresponded to variants. Interestingly, the majority (87%) of normal smears had HPV‐16 prototype, whereas variants were detected mainly in SIL and ICC. LCR sequencing yielded 80% of variants, including 69% of European, 19% Asian‐American, and 12% Asian. We identified a new variant, the Argentine Quechua‐51 (AQ‐51), similar to B‐14 plus two additional changes: G7842→A and A7837→C; phylogenetic inference allocated it in the Asian‐American branch. The high proportion of European variants may reflect Spanish colonial influence on these native Inca descendants. The predominance of HPV‐16 variants in pathologic samples when compared to normal controls could have implications for the natural history of cervical lesions. J. Med. Virol. 69:546–552, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new influenza a (H5N1) virus isolated from duck meat
Authors: Lu X. , Cho D. , Hall H. , Rowe T. , Sung H. , Kim W. , Kang C. , Mo I. , Cox N. , Klimov A. , Katz J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAvian influenza A viruses are the ancestral origin of all human influenza viruses. The outbreak of highly pathogenic (HP) avian H5N1 in Hong Kong in 1997 highlighted the potential of these viruses to infect and cause severe disease in humans. Since 1999, HP H5N1 viruses were isolated several times from domestic poultry in Asia. In 2001, a HP H5N1 virus, A/Duck/Anyang/AVL‐1/2001 (Dk/Anyang), was isolated from imported frozen duck meat in Korea. Because of this novel source of HP H5N1 virus isolation, concerns were raised about the potential for human exposure and infection; we therefore compared the Dk/Anyang virus with HP H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in 1997 in terms of antigenicity and pathogenicity for mammals. At high doses, Dk/Anyang virus caused up to 50% mortality in BALB/c mice, was isolated from the brains and lymphoid organs of mice, and caused lymphopenia. Overall Dk/Anyang virus was substantially less pathogenic for mice than the H5N1 virus isolated from a fatal human case in 1997. Likewise, Dk/Anyang virus was apathogenic for ferrets. Dk/Anyang virus was antigenically distinguishable by hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) assay from human H5N1 viruses isolated in 1997 and avian H5N1 viruses isolated in 2001 in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, prior infection with Dk/Anyang virus protected mice from death after secondary infection with HP human H5N1 viruses. These results indicate that compared with HP human H5N1 viruses, Dk/Anyang virus is substantially less pathogenic for mammalian species. Nevertheless, the novel source of isolation of this avian H5N1 virus must be considered when evaluating the potential risk to public health. J. Med. Virol. 69:553–559, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunogenicity and safety of a novel liposomal influenza subunit vaccine (INFLUSOME‐VAC) in young adults
Authors: Ben‐Yehuda Arie , Joseph Aviva , Zeira Evelyne , Even‐Chen Simcha , Louria‐Hayon Igal , Babai Ilan , Zakay‐Rones Zichria , Greenbaum Evgenia , Barenholz Yechezkel , Kedar Eli 
Published: February 2003

AbstractInfluenza and its complications account for substantial morbidity and mortality among young adults and especially among the elderly. In young adults, immunization provides 70–90% protection, while among the elderly the vaccine may be only 30–40% effective; hence the need for new, more immunogenic vaccines. We compared the safety and immunogenicity of a novel IL‐2‐supplemented liposomal influenza vaccine (designated INFLUSOME‐VAC) with that of a commercial subunit vaccine and a commercial split virion vaccine in young adults (mean age 28 years) in the winter of 1999–2000. Seventy‐three healthy young adults were randomly assigned to be vaccinated intramuscularly with the following: a commercial subunit vaccine (n = 17, group A), INFLUSOME‐VAC (n = 36, group B), and a commercial split virion vaccine (n = 20, group C). The three vaccines contained equal amounts of hemagglutinin (∼15 μg each) from the strains A/Sydney (H3N2), A/Beijing (H1N1), and B/Yamanashi. INFLUSOME‐VAC induced higher geometric mean HI titers and higher‐fold increases in HI titers against all three strains, compared with the two commercial vaccines. In addition, seroconversion rates for the A/Sydney and B/Yamanashi strains were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with the split virion vaccine, and significantly higher for the three strains compared with the subunit vaccine (69–97% vs 35–65%, P ≤ 0.02). Moreover, the anti‐neuraminidase response was significantly greater (P = 0.05) in group B vs group A. INFLUSOME‐VAC caused mild local pain at the injection site in a significantly higher proportion of the vaccinees (83%). Thus, INFLUSOME‐VAC is an immunogenic and safe vaccine in young adults. J. Med. Virol. 69:560–567, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.