bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily temperature variability in cities and mental health-related hospitalizations
Authors: Cohen Shimonovich G , Rowland S T , Benavides J , Lindert J , Kioumourtzoglou M A , Parks R M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Despite plausible behavioral and physiological pathways, limited evidence exists on how temperature variability is associated with acute mental health-related episodes. This analysis explored associations between daily temperature range (DTR) and mental health-related hospitalizations in New York State during 1995-2014. A case-crossover design with distributed lag non-linear DTR terms (0-6 days) estimated associations between ZIP Code-level DTR and hospitalizations for mood, anxiety, adjustment, and schizophrenia disorders, adjusting for daily mean temperature, and how associations varied by age, sex, admission type and season. For all outcomes, across most DTR distribution, divergence from the study period daily mean (7.7 °C) yielded a positive association to a threshold (5.2 °C, 25th percentile; 12.2 °C, 90th percentile), beyond which negative associations were observed. For mood disorders, an increase in DTR from 7.7 °C to 12.2 °C was associated with a cumulative 4.8% (95%CI, 4.0%−5.6%) increase in daily hospitalization rates. This increase was highest during transition seasons (6.0%, 4.5%−7.4%) compared with summer (1.8%, 0.6%−3.0%) and winter (-0.6%, -0.7%−1.9%). Evidence for effect-modification by age group and admission type was inconsistent across outcomes, without evidence for effect modification by sex. This study highlights potential impacts of increased temperature variability in a changing climate on mental health-related outcomes.
Focus on self-presentation on social media is associated with perfectionism and eating disturbance
Authors: Danielsen H E , Finserås T R , Andersen AIO , Hjetland G , Woodfin V I , Skogen J C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Social media use, perfectionism and eating disturbance has all increased over the last decades. Some studies indicate that there is a relationship between focus on self-presentation and social media, as well as how other present themselves on social media and eating disturbances. Nevertheless, no previous studies have investigated the link between focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media, perfectionism and eating disturbances, which is the aim of the present study.

Methods
The present study is based on a cross-sectional survey from the “LifeOnSoMe”-study (N = 3725), conducted in 2020 and 2021. Respondents were high school students (mean age 17.3 years, 55% females) in Bergen, Norway. Multiple regression analysis was performed where SPAUSCIS, a measure of self-presentation and upward social comparison was the independent variable. Perfectionism and eating disturbance were dependent variables. Self-reported age, gender and subjective socioeconomic status were used as covariates, as well as frequency and duration of social media use. Regression models were performed to compare proportions across the median split of SPAUSCIS.

Results
The multiple regression analysis showed that increased focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media were positively associated with both perfectionism (standard coefficient 0.28) and eating disturbances. A stronger association for girls than boys was found for eating disturbance (standard coefficient 0.39 for girls and 0.29 for boys). There was no gender moderation for perfectionism.

Conclusions
Findings suggests that focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media is associated with perfectionism and eating disturbance. As such, promoting a healthy use of social media could be established through a focus on increasing adolescents’ ability to reflect on and think critically about self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media.

Key messages
• Focus on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media is associated with perfectionism and eating disturbance among adolescents.
• Promoting healthy use of social media could be established through a focus on increasing adolescents’ ability to reflect critically on self-presentation and upward social comparison on social media.
Measuring Digital Health Literacy in Europe – Scope, determinants and consequences
Authors: Levin-Zamir D , Van den Broucke S , Schaeffer D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasing access to health-related digital information/resources of varied quality warrants sufficient Digital Health Literacy (DHL) in the population. Public health researchers, practitioners, and policy makers need to consider DHL for improving people's ability to use digital resources. The M-POHL HLS19 study objectives were to construct and validate a DHL measure, and identify its determinants and consequences.

Methods
A scale was constructed with 8 items on dealing with digital health resources. Two additional items examined interactive use of resources. The scale was applied among a sample of 29,060 respondents in 13 countries using CAPI, CATI, CAWI, PAPI and mixed methods. A standardized score was calculated for DHL, range: 0-100.

Results
Appraising the reliability of digital resources was perceived particularly difficult. The scale showed acceptable reliability (Cronbach's α 0.7-0.87/country). A confirmatory factor model loading onto a single latent variable indicated an acceptable fit for all countries. The DHL scale was sufficiently unidimensional based on principal component analysis of Rasch model residuals combined with dependent t-tests. Linear regression models with 5 DHL predictors showed a social gradient with explained variance of 6% (2-23%/country). The highest predictor was financial deprivation: ß=−0.15 (0.08--0.27), then age: ß=−0.13 (0.15--0.26); self-assessed social status: ß=0.08 (0.05-0.13). General health literacy was a strong predictor: ß=0.51 (0.43-0.67). In linear regressions to explain variance in self-assessed health, the DHL coefficient was significantly different from zero in 9 countries (ß=−0.05-0.10).

Conclusions
The new DHL scale had acceptable psychometric properties. The relevance of DHL is reflected in the high proportions with lower DHL, a social gradient, and health consequences in most countries. The study offers an evidence base for tailoring DHL intervention strategies and organizational health literacy policy.

Key messages
• Digital Health Literacy of populations in Europe was estimated through a validated measure with associations that predict public health and healthcare consequences in most countries.
• Public health practitioners and policy makers should be aware of populations with lower Digital Health Literacy (DHL), and both promote DHL while also adjusting interventions/services to DHL needs.
Results of Germany's health system performance assessment (HSPA) pilot: the example of stroke care
Authors: Hengel P , Haltaufderheide M , Blümel M , Achstetter K , Busse R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
HSPA is a tool to monitor, evaluate, and improve health systems based on their achievements within different dimensions, e.g., access to care, quality, and population health. Next to the overall system, HSPA also allows to analyze its performance for specific groups across dimensions. In a pilot for a German HSPA, a conceptual framework was developed, and indicators for every dimension were selected and analyzed. This presentation illustrates the results of the German HSPA pilot using the example of access to and quality of care for ischemic stroke.

Methods
Selected indicators include stroke unit (SU) density, availability of a SU within 30 minutes by car, share of inpatient cases treated in a hospital with a SU, and inpatient mortality from 2014 to 2020, respectively. Indicators were analyzed based on nation-wide hospital discharge data. Travel time was computed and provided by the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development.

Results
About 475 SU were identified in hospital data (2014: 463), compared to 350 certified SU in Germany. In 75% of Germany's 11,000 municipalities, 100% of the population could reach a SU within 30 minutes by car. Number of inpatient ischemic stroke cases was about 250,000 per year. Of the 215,000 cases without transfer from another hospital, 93% were treated in a hospital with a SU in 2020 (2014: 88%). Inpatient mortality was about 6,4% for all ischemic stroke cases and 6,1% for cases without transfer, varying only slightly over time. SU treatment showed large, and inpatient mortality minor regional variation.

Conclusions
Access to and quality of inpatient stroke care seems comparatively good in Germany, as SU density is high and mortality low in the European context. However, regional variation should be further tackled. The example shows how HSPA can be used to assess different strands of care by connecting health system dimensions, to produce actionable evidence for policy.

Key messages
• Health system performance assessment (HSPA) is a tool for the evaluation and improvement of the overall system but also of the care for specific groups or diseases across health system dimensions.
• The results of the German HSPA pilot show a good access and quality for the case of inpatient stroke care. Regional variations might be further reduced via improvements in hospital planning.
Implementability of multicomponent interventions in Primary Care: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Renzi E , Covelli A , Abbatecola G , Innocenzio M , Parrinello E , Baccolini V , De Vito C , Marzuillo C , Villari P , Massimi A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Literature defines “implementability” as the likelihood that a given evidence-based intervention (EBI) will be adopted into routine practice. As time goes by, EBIs delivered in Primary Health Care (PHC) increasingly consist of multicomponent interventions aimed at promoting active ageing in the elderly. The aim of this review is to identify a conceptual framework that uses implementation outcomes (acceptability, fidelity, feasibility, implementation cost, appropriateness, and sustainability) to guide the implementability of multicomponent PHC interventions in the elderly population.

Methods
An overview of systematic reviews was conducted through PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Conchrane Library including articles based on the following criteria: (1) individuals ≥65 years; (2) including multicomponent PHC interventions (3) including a framework to assess implementability. Methodological quality of systematic reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2.

Results
Of the 14,984 articles identified, twenty-six reviews met the inclusion criteria. The characteristics of the identified conceptual frameworks included multicomponent PHC interventions based on the use of technology (n = 16) and aimed at preserving cognitive function (n = 12); The most considered implementation outcomes were: feasibility (n = 21) and implementation costs (n = 17). The RE-AIM and PRISM integrated framework were identified in five systematic reviews used to implement preventive interventions (cognitive function and physical activity) for community-dwelling older adults.

Conclusions
RE-AIM and PRISM are a widely used model for assessing the impact of EBIs on public health and policy. The use of this framework occurs after EBI realization, so the next steps of our research will aim to test this framework on an elderly-focused health intervention delivered in Italy through the Next Generation EU fund and to develop a revised version for use in multicomponent PHC interventions.

Key messages
• Identifying a framework to help guide the implementation of multicomponent PHC interventions facilitates the application of evidence-based intervention in routine practice.
• RE-AIM and PRISM are a widely used framework that may help evaluate implementation outcomes.
Scoping review of transport workforce exposure to COVID-19 and other respiratory pandemic diseases
Authors: Qureshi M , Seale H , Chughtai A , Jegasothy E , Quinlan M , Harris P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Transport workers may be at heightened occupational risk during pandemics. However, there is a lack of research that specifically focuses on understanding the factors contributing to this risk and the strategies that can reduce their risk. This study aimed to understand the current state of research regarding the transmission of respiratory pandemic diseases for transport workers and to identify any existing evidence-based recommendations that can help mitigate the risks associated with these diseases in the transport industry.

Methods
A scoping review was undertaken which adhered to the PRISMA guidelines, and a comprehensive search was conducted in English-language databases for peer-reviewed research articles. Our search across multidisciplinary databases returned a total of 12540 sources, with 39 articles included in the final review. The results were summarized, coded, and thematically categorized.

Results
Most studies employed quantitative methodologies (24/39) and reported high percentage of male participants. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated that the coverage of the literature was uneven across different continents. Findings revealed that transport workers faced a heightened risk of exposure due to crowded work settings, job demands, and inadequate use of personal protective equipment. Systemic and structural inequalities were identified among transport workers.

Conclusions
This study provides insights for policy and practice interventions that address the unique needs and challenges faced by workers in the industry, including how to promote social equity and justice during pandemics. There is a need for more qualitative and mixed-methods research approaches to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. Given the global nature of risks for respiratory infections and the global transport sector (which is a significant transmission point for societies), more research is required in non-traditional contexts outside US, Canada, EU, and UK.

Key messages
• During respiratory pandemic diseases transport workers face heightened risk of infection, inadequate resources, and systemic inequalities. Need for focus on certain regions, and policy interventions.
• Respiratory pandemic diseases impact on transport industry & workers reviewed, revealing geographic disparities in focus of literature, & socio-economic challenges. Policy interventions needed.
Violence against children and substance abuse: A pooled study of 8 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Puno A , Kim R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Violence against children (VAC) has been linked to substance abuse later in life. However, most evidence of this association comes from high-income countries (HICs) and is understudied in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods
This study used the latest Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS) data from 2017-2019 across eight LMICs. The main exposure variable was defined as having experienced at least one type of violence (physical, sexual, or emotional) from any perpetrator before age 18. With the pooled dataset of 32,326 adolescents aged 13-24 years, a series of logistic regressions with country-fixed effects were estimated to examine the association between VAC and three substance abuse outcomes: smoking daily, binge drinking (i.e., more than four drinks a week) and use of illegal drugs in the last 30 days. Further, analyses based on the types of violence and whether the association differs by sex were performed.

Results
After adjusting for all covariates, any VAC experience was significantly associated with all three substance abuse outcomes: daily smoking (OR: 1.5, 95% CI 1.2,1.8), binge drinking (OR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.5, 2.2), and drug use (OR:1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.3). Sexual violence, in particular, had the strongest association. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that women who experienced sexual violence in childhood were more likely (OR range 3.3-3.7) to engage in substance abuse than sexually abused men (OR range 1.2-2.1).

Conclusions
The findings highlight the need for interventions to prevent childhood violence and to address its consequences on substance abuse in LMICs.

Key messages
• Experience of any type of violence during childhood is significantly associated with daily smoking, binge drinking of alcohol, and drug use in later life.
• Women who experience sexual violence in childhood are more likely to abuse substances than men who were sexually abused.
Effectiveness of community care for patients with severe mental disorders in Italy
Authors: Monzio Compagnoni M , Corrao G , Saponaro A , Carle F , Scondotto S , Barbato A , D’Avanzo B , Gaddini A , Di Fiandra T , Lora A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The quality of care provided to patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) often does not correspond to the standards set by the recommendations. In addition to monitoring the coverage rate achieved by services, the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions provided by mental health services for the treatment of SMD, in preventing an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, becomes of relevant importance.

Methods
Data were retrieved from Healthcare Utilization databases of four Italian Regions (Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, Sicily). 45,761 newly referred cases of depression, schizophrenia, bipolar and personality disorder were included. A variant of the self-controlled case series method was adopted to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the relationship between exposure (use of different types of mental healthcare such as pharmacotherapy, generic contact with outpatient services, psychosocial intervention, psychotherapy) and relapse (emergency hospital admissions for mental illness).

Results
11,500 relapses occurred. Relapse risk was reduced during periods covered by (i) psychotherapy for patients with depression (IRR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49-0.91) and bipolar disorder (0.64; 0.29-0.99); (ii) psychosocial interventions for those with depression (0.74; 0.56 to 0.98), schizophrenia (0.83; 0.68-0.99) and bipolar disorder (0.55; 0.36-0.84), (iii) pharmacotherapy for patients with schizophrenia (0.58; 0.49-0.69) and bipolar disorder (0.59; 0.44-0.78). Coverage with generic care, in absence of psychosocial/psychotherapeutic interventions, did not affect relapse risk.

Conclusions
Psychosocial interventions, psychotherapies and specific pharmacotherapies can be considered particularly effective in treating patients with bipolar, depressive, and schizophrenic disorders. This study showed that real-world data can represent a useful resource to monitor mental healthcare paths and to assess the effectiveness of a mental health system.

Key messages
• Real-world data can represent a useful resource to monitor mental healthcare paths and to assess the effectiveness of a mental health system.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions provided by mental health services in preventing an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms becomes important in the transition to community mental health.
The burden of dietary risk factors in the Nordic and Baltic countries
Authors: Knudsen A , Clarsen B , Blomhoff R , Baravelli C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) gives the scientific basis for national dietary guidelines for the Nordic and Baltic countries. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) provides comparative estimates of the disease burden related to suboptimal diet in 195 countries. The aim of the study was to employ data from GBD 2021 to improve the knowledge base for NNR.

Methods
A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of disease-specific burden that could be attributed to fifteen dietary risk factors in the population aged 25 and older in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The analyses included four steps: (1) estimating dietary intake on a population level; (2) determining the relative risks of dietary factors on disease endpoints; (3) determining the level of exposure with minimum risk; and (4) estimating the final disease burden, defined as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), attributed to each dietary risk.

Results
A suboptimal intake was found for all dietary risk factors in all countries. A total of 60 350 deaths and 1 079 087 DALYs were attributed to dietary factors. The highest age standardised mortality rates attributed to diet were found in Lithuania (371 per 100 000), and lowest in Norway (101 per 100 000). Low intake of whole grains was the largest dietary risk factor for mortality and DALYs in all countries except Estonia. Other highly-ranked factors in all countries included a diet high in processed meat and low in fruit. The results are preliminary, with final GBD 2021 estimates expected to be published medio 2023.

Conclusions
GBD offers a powerful resource to model trends in diet-related burden of diseases in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Estimates from GBD can provide countries with insight into the potential of reducing disease burden by targeting specific dietary risks.

Key messages
• Suboptimal diet leads to a substantial and avoidable mortality and disease burden in the Nordic and Baltic countries.
• Detailed and comparative estimates from GBD can help countries identify their most important dietary risk factors.