bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building the Capacity of STEM Graduate Students to Mentor in an Informal Afterschool Program
Authors: Matias Audeliz , Ortiz Phillip , Elphick Gwendolyn F , Duncan‐Poitier Johanna , Lansing Jill , Groome Meghan , Breton Kristian 
Published: November 2023

The United States is facing a crisis: Not enough students are being trained in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) to support and foster economic growth. In response, during 2013–2015, the State University of New York (SUNY) and the New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS) trained over 100 SUNY graduate students and post‐doctoral fellows to deliver STEM content and mentor underserved middle‐school students in an afterschool program funded by the National Science Foundation. Many studies have examined how students are positively impacted through this kind of program, however, the impact of mentoring on the mentors themselves is not well documented.Program training included teaching the graduate students and post‐doctoral fellows the pedagogy and skills necessary to teach STEM content through a 15‐week online course developed at SUNY Empire State College. The mentors also participated in weekly interactions with on‐campus program coordinators and were supplied curricula materials from NYAS. Mentors were then placed at a local school participating of the program where they mentor the middle‐school students. Follow up interviews and focus groups showed a positive impact of the program on the mentors. Specifically, mentors referenced increased confidence in their teaching skills and ability, as well as applicability of these skills in other areas of their lives. Furthermore, mentors felt they had a positive impact on the students in the areas of STEM learning and in motivating them to become STEMists after high school. Mentors’ attitudes about the value of mentoring experiences for themselves in future career choices and employment also increased. Additionally, mentors stated that this experience would increase their employment opportunities in STEM fields.Support or Funding InformationThis program was supported by the National Science Foundation under the collaborative awards NSF‐1223531, NSF‐1223303, and NSF‐1223284.
The Importance of Timing of Gestational Weight Gain for Infant Birth Size in Vietnam
Authors: Young Melissa Fox , Nguyen Phuong H , Addo O. Yaw , Pham Hoa , Truong Truong V , Nguyen Son , Martorell Reynaldo , Ramakrishnan Usha 
Published: November 2023

While studies have examined the impact of total gestational weight gain on adverse infant birth outcomes, we lack an understanding of the relative importance of specific timing of weight gain. This information would be valuable for targeting interventions and informing counseling messages for women. Our objective was to examine the importance of timing of maternal conditional weight gain (CWG) during 3 key windows: 1‐ early (pre‐pregnancy, PP ‐ < 20 weeks gestation), 2‐ mid (20 – 29 weeks) and 3‐ late pregnancy (30 weeks ‐ delivery) on infant birth size (weight, length, head (HC), mid upper arm (MUAC) and abdomen circumferences (AC)) and risk for small for gestational age (SGA). Prospective data was collected on women starting pre‐pregnancy through delivery from the PRECONCEPT randomized controlled trial in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam (n= 1436, included only singleton live births). We examined the influence of CWG for each window throughout pregnancy (from uncorrelated, conditional measures, independent of PP BMI) using advanced statistical conditional modeling techniques. The relative importance for timing of CWG and birth outcomes was assessed using generalized linear models, adjusting for potential confounding factors (pre‐pregnancy BMI, child gender, gestational age, maternal age, education, treatment group, household SES, and time from enrolment to conception). Overall, three‐quarters of women gained weight below the Institute of Medicine recommended guidelines (average weight gain was 10 kg), and these women were 2.5 times more likely to give birth to a SGA baby. Early maternal CWG, had the greatest association on all infant outcomes, followed by the mid CWG window. For infant birth weight, a 1 SD increase in weight gain in early pregnancy had nearly 3 times the impact on infant birth weight compared to the same gain in late pregnancy (111 g vs. 39 g). Similarly for infant length, a 1 SD increase in early CWG was associated with increase of 0.45 cm compared to 0.29 cm for late CWG. For other infant measures (HC, MUAC and AC), early and mid GWG also had a significant impact with the greatest impact in the early period. Early CWG (1 SD increase in weight gain) was also associated with a 43% reduction in risk of SGA (OR (95% CI): 0.57 (0.46–0.70). There is a need to target women before or early in pregnancy to ensure adequate nutrition to maximize impact on birth size.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Thrasher Foundation, Micronutrient Initiative & the Mathile Institute for Advancement of Human Nutrition
Maternal membership of community groups is associated with dietary diversity among children 6 to 12 months of age in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Seo EunKyo , Kim Jane 
Published: November 2023

Few studies are available examining the association between maternal social capital and child nutritional status. Dietary diversity, as a key indicator of child feeding practices, is suggested as a pathway through which social capital may influence child nutrition. Cross‐sectional data at enrollment from a cluster randomized effectiveness study in Habro and Melka Bello districts in Ethiopia were used to assess the association between maternal social capital and dietary diversity among children aged 6 to 12 months. The measure of social capital in the previous year comprised community group membership, having emotional or economic support from individuals, involvement in citizenship activities, and cognitive social capital. Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT) was used to assess maternal social capital. Dietary diversity score (DDS, range: 0–7) in the last 24 hours among children were assessed using a 24 hour dietary recall. Linear regression analyses were used, adjusting for confounding factors (e.g. socio‐economic status) and clustering effect. Out of 1,704 mothers surveyed, 61.8% had one community group membership and 27.1% had 2 or more memberships; 37.1% received support from 1 or more individuals; 67.2% were involved in citizenship activities; and 34.3% showed high score of cognitive social capital. Higher DDS was significantly associated with 2 or more group memberships (β‐coefficient=0.41, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.74), compared to those who had no group membership. However, DDS was not related to support from individuals (β=0.26, 95% CI: −0.06, 0.57), citizenship activities (β=0.01, 95% CI: −0.30, 0.32), or cognitive social capital (β= −0.15, 95% CI: −0.39, 0.09). Mothers’ participation in community groups may improve child dietary diversity by promoting knowledge sharing in rural Ethiopia. We suggest that policymakers consider existing community groups, where mothers are easy to access and participate, as platforms to implement child nutrition programs in underdeveloped settings.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by World Vision Korea and Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), South Korea.
Sarcopenic Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Effect of a Pulse Based‐Diet and Exercise Intervention
Authors: McBreairty Laura E , Zello Gordon A , Gordon Julianne J , Chizen Donna R , Chilibeck Philip D 
Published: November 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and leads to an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, infertility and endometrial cancer. Sarcopenic obesity is a term used to describe low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) relative to total body mass and, although most commonly associated with the aging population, women with PCOS share many of the characteristics associated with this condition including increased visceral adiposity, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. We hypothesized that a pulse‐based diet (e.g. beans, lentils) would have a positive effect on body composition as analyzed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Sixty‐seven women with PCOS aged 18–35y were enrolled in the study with 44 completing the randomly assigned intervention of either a pulse‐based diet (n=25) or the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet (n=19) for 16 wk while participating in an exercise program. At baseline, the average % ASM was 24.2 ± 3.1% and 56% of women with PCOS were classified as sarcopenic obese as defined by having a % ASM 2 standard deviations below the mean for healthy young females studied by our group (30.4 ± 3.2%; n=14). Following the intervention, BMI was lower in both groups (p<0.001; Pulse −1.0 vs TLC −0.7) as well as percent fat mass (p<0.005; Pulse −0.5 vs TLC −0.8 %). Although there were no changes in lean body mass following the intervention, % ASM was higher in both groups (p<0.005; Pulse +1.0 vs TLC +1.3 %), suggesting that a pulse based diet is equally effective as the TLC diet when combined with exercise to reduce the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in women with PCOS.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers, Agriculture Agri‐Food Canada (Cluster Program) and Saskatchewan Health Research Foundation
The sensory characteristics of whole and puréed navy beans: effect of processing
Authors: Luhovyy Bohdan L. , Martynenko Alex , Chiu Teresa , Mather Kathleen , Boachie Ruth , Hamilton Andrew , Chen Yougui 
Published: November 2023

The frequent consumption of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is associated with improved nutrient intake and reduced cardiometabolic risk factors. While the consumption of whole pulses, including navy beans, is low in Canada, their processing to puréed products presents the opportunities to introduce puréed beans to variety of products such as baby foods, fillings for tortillas and similar products, special foods for consumers with age‐related disorders associated with chewing and swallowing problems, and other applications in conventional and functional foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the sensory characteristics of whole navy beans and navy beans purées obtained under different processing methods.Methodswhole cooked navy beans were puréed using blade blender (BB) to crude purée and fine purée or using hydrothermodynamic (HTD) processing for 1, 10 and 30 min. Forty participants were testing six samples provided in random order including five purée products: crude BB, fine BB, HTD‐1′, HTD‐10′, HTD‐30′, and whole navy beans as a control. The pleasantness of the samples was assessed with 100 mm visual analogue scale while other parameters including taste, sweetness, acidity, bitterness, flavour, texture, mouth feel and aftertaste were measured with 9‐point hedonic scale.Resultsthe subjective perception and rating for pleasantness, taste, flavour, texture, mouth feel and aftertaste were higher for whole navy beans compared to puréed products (P<0.05).There was no difference between puréed samples on perceived pleasantness, taste, sweetness, bitterness, acidity, flavour and aftertaste. There was no difference in perceived sweetness between fine BB and whole beans, and in perceived texture between HTD‐10′ and whole beans. HTD‐10′ resulted in higher subjective rating of texture and mouth feel compared to crude BB (P<0.01).Conclusionthe methods of navy bean processing to puréed products determines their sensory characteristics. The processing of cooked navy beans with HTD technology for 10 min results in pureed product with better sensory characteristics compared to other tested puréed products.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Carbohydrate Fractions in Chickpeas, Lentils and Dry Peas
Authors: Haytowitz David B 
Published: November 2023

Pulses, which include dry peas, lentils and chickpeas, have been domesticated since Neolithic times and comprise a healthy component of the diet. The Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee acknowledges the consumption of pulses as having a positive outcome for a number of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The report further identifies fiber as being under‐consumed and also indicates that pulses are good sources. Fiber is of particular interest due to its role in the maintenance of a healthy microbiome, which is increasingly identified as an important contributor to good health. Although pulses are included in USDA's National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR), they were last analyzed over 30 years ago; no data on cultivar, growing conditions and agricultural practices were obtained at that time. At that time, only total dietary fiber by the enzymatic‐gravimetric method was determined; no values were obtained for sugars or starch. The aim of this project is to obtain and provide updated and more detailed information on the nutrient content of pulses and expand the data to include compounds of emerging public health interest. Samples from the 2014 harvest for dry peas (9 cultivars green; 8 cultivars yellow), lentils (3 cultivars green; 1 cultivar red) and chickpeas have been collected from four high producing states (Idaho, Montana, North Dakota and Washington).Samples were analyzed using accepted methods (AOAC), in qualified labs and under rigorous quality control procedures. Starch values in dried peas range from 42.5 – 49.6 g/100g, while in lentils values range from 40.4 – 48.6 g/100g. The most common sugar in pulses is sucrose and values range from 0.59 – 1.62 g/100 in raw lentils and from 1.47 – 3.62 g/100g in dried peas. Sucrose values in chickpeas range from 2.62 g/100g in small chickpeas to 3.62 g/100g in large Kabuli. Values for glucose and fructose are found in lower quantities, while galactose and lactose were not detected. Maltose was found in a few lentil samples, but was not detected in most. Dietary fiber is being analyzed by both the new Codex Method (AOAC 2009.01 and 2011.25), as well as the existing enzymatic‐gravimetric method. These new data will be disseminated in future revisions of the SR. Expanding the data on carbohydrate fractions in pulses will facilitate research on their role in the microbiome and its impact on health.Support or Funding InformationUSA Dry Pea & Lentil Council and USDA
Acute Effects of Lentil Fractions on Satiety and Glycemic Responses Before and After a Meal in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Fabek Hrvoje , Rajadurai Akilen , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Smith Chris E , Bailo Bibiana Garcia , Kubant Ruslan , Anderson G. Harvey 
Published: November 2023

AimsLentils are a rich source of nutrients and are high in protein, starch and dietary fiber, which promote certain health benefits, such as reducing post prandial glycemia and subsequent food intake (second meal effect). However, it remains unclear which component(s) are responsible for these effects. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of consuming lentil preparations of increased macronutrient content (fiber, starch and protein) on subjective appetite, blood glucose (BG) and insulin before and after a pizza meal, served either 30 or 120 min later, in healthy young men.MethodsTwo randomized, cross over, repeated measures experiments were conducted. Forty eight healthy males consumed iso‐volumetric (300 ml) tomato soup alone (control), or with the addition of 20 g of one of the following lentil preparations: lentil protein (75%) isolate, lentil protein (55%) concentrate, lentil starch (60%) or lentil fiber (55%). Treatment consumption was followed by a fixed‐energy pizza meal (12 kcal/kg body weight), served at either 30 minutes (exp‐1) or 120 minutes (exp‐2) later.ResultsIn exp‐1, with the exception of the increase in pre‐meal BG after the lentil starch preparation (p<0.0001), there was no effect of treatment composition. The lentil protein isolate and concentrate, but not lentil starch or lentil fiber, treatments lowered post‐meal glycemia compared to the control (P<0.0001) without increasing blood insulin concentrations. No effects were seen on pre‐meal measures of satiety; however, in addition to post‐meal BG subjective appetite was also lower (P<0.05) after consumption of both lentil protein isolate and concentrate compared to the control. In contrast to exp‐1, lentil starch resulted in lower pre‐ and post‐meal subjective appetite compared to the control in exp‐2 (P<0.05); however, consumption of lentil starch also led to higher BG values. The post‐meal effects of the lentil protein preparations on lowering blood glucose were greater after the 120 min than 30 min meal.ConclusionLentil protein is the macronutrient that contributes most to the low glycemic properties of lentils. Additions of these, or similar preparations, to high glycemic foods may aid in post‐prandial glucose control.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada (AAFC) and Saskatchewan Pulse Growers (SPG), Canada, Reference 497290
Peer Mentoring to Prevent Obesity in First Year College Students: Get Fruved
Authors: Colby Sarah , Zhou Wenjun , Yan Wangcheng , Dahlman Sarah , Olfert Melissa , Barr Makenzie , Kattelmann Kendra , Leischner Krista , Mathews Anne , Shelnutt Karla , Vilaro Melissa , Brown Onikia , Kidd Tandalayo , Horacek Tanya , White Adrienne 
Published: November 2023

The Get Fruved project is a peer‐led, social marketing and environmental intervention promoting healthful lifestyles (dietary, physical activity, and stress management) to ultimately reduce the development of obesity among older adolescents. College students are at increased risk for weight gain in their first year of college. This weight gain often tracks into adulthood and may be associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases. The peer‐led portion of the Get Fruved Project involves upperclassmen at four state universities (WV, FL, SD, and TN) working with freshmen to help them prevent weight gain through promoting overall healthful behaviors in their first year in college. Upper classmen were recruited in the fall of 2014 and took a multi‐university online course in the spring of 2015. Course content was developed by experts from around the country on the topics of healthful eating, physical activity, stress management, sexual health, effective communication, crisis management, environmental influences on health, healthy body image, substance abuse prevention, residence life and financial health, and leadership. A peer matching algorithm that was statistically predictive of friendship was generated by student/close friend dyads (N=97) taking a survey of 20 “fun” questions (e.g., What is your favorite color? If you could be any animal what would it be? If you won the lottery, what would you do?). Incoming freshmen participants (N=534) took the same survey in fall 2015 and were matched to the trained peer mentors (N=181) based on their responses; the match ratio ranged between 1:1 and 1:6. Peer mentors are working with their mentees in the 2015–2016 school year. Monthly data on frequency and quality of contact are being collected. Effectiveness of the peer mentoring component of the Get Fruved project will be assessed via surveys and interviews with peer mentors and mentees. Successful components of the peer led approach and the peer matching algorithm can be incorporated into future interventions to more effectively influence healthful behaviors associated with weight management in this population.Support or Funding InformationThis material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014‐67001‐21851.
Demographic Factors Influencing Obesity Risk Reduction Behaviors among Chinese Americans
Authors: Liou Doreen , Bauer Kathleen , Bai Yeon 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this survey research was to examine psychosocial predictors of obesity risk reduction behaviors in Chinese Americans residing in the New York metropolitan area. A self‐administered questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was administered to a convenience sample of 443 U.S.‐born and foreign‐born Chinese American men and women aged 18 to 60 years. Participants were recruited from religious and cultural institutions, representing a wide range of educational backgrounds and socioeconomic status. Nineteen obesity risk reduction behaviors were measured along with psychosocial constructs derived from the theoretical framework. Participants reported food behaviors over the previous month related to weight management, portion size control, consumption of high nutrient dense foods, engagement in physical activity, and stress management. Descriptive statistics indicated that the average age of the sample was 35.6 years. The majority of the participants were female (65%) with U.S.‐born individuals accounting for 40.4% of the entire sample. Regression analysis of obesity risk reduction behaviors indicated that 27.1% of the variance in behavior was accounted for by intention, attitude, and perceived behavioral control. For male adults, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control emerged as salient factors while attitude was significant for female participants alone. Subjective norm was important for younger individuals between ages 18 to 39 while attitude and perceived behavioral control were prominent for older individuals spanning 40 to 60. Nutrition educators and health professionals working with Chinese Americans need to address their pre‐existing intention and attitudinal predisposition to perform health behaviors conducive to obesity prevention. Social normative influences in adopting food‐related behaviors need to be highlighted in male and younger individuals.Support or Funding InformationPartial funding was provided by Montclair State University's Separately Budgeted Research Funds
Perceptions, Beliefs, and Implementation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Consumer Messages by Low‐Income Parents
Authors: Chea Molika , Mobley Amy R 
Published: November 2023

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) contain seven key consumer messages related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, water, lower‐fat milk, sodium, and portion sizes. The objective of this mixed‐method study was to assess interpretation, clarity, feasibility, and implementation of the DGA consumer messages by low‐income families with children ages 3 to 10 years old. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted with low‐income parents (n = 98) and were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes using the classic analysis approach. Participants were primarily women (97%) and from diverse ethnic or racial backgrounds (34% Hispanic, 33% black). The analysis revealed that the majority of participants perceived they understood all seven DGA consumer messages, and reported messages easy to implement. Some messages were reported as more feasible by participants, such as the message encouraging replacement of sugary beverages with water, while the message related to increasing fruit and vegetable consumption was the most challenging. The interpretation of messages also varied among participants, where they either recognized a call to action associated with the message (drink water) or, erroneously interpreted the content in the message (related to whole grains) or the intended purpose to change a food decision behavior (compare sodium in foods). While most low‐income parents reported understanding the DGA consumer messages, the interpretation of the messages and associated barriers may affect how they are ultimately implemented. Future research efforts should focus on further testing and tailoring of the messages for at‐risk populations to promote behavior change.Support or Funding InformationDiet and Health Initiative, UConn