bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated review of music cognition and rhythmic stimuli in sensorimotor neurocognition and neurorehabilitation
Authors: Emmery Laura , Hackney Madeleine E. , Kesar Trisha , McKay J. Lucas , Rosenberg Michael C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work reviews the growing body of interdisciplinary research on music cognition, using biomechanical, kinesiological, clinical, psychosocial, and sociological methods. The review primarily examines the relationship between temporal elements in music and motor responses under varying contexts, with considerable relevance for clinical rehabilitation. After providing an overview of the terminology and approaches pertinent to theories of rhythm and meter from the musical‐theoretical and cognitive fields, this review focuses on studies on the effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation on gait, rhythmic cues’ effect on the motor system, reactions to rhythmic stimuli attempting to synchronize mobility (i.e., musical embodiment), and the application of rhythm for motor rehabilitation for individuals with Parkinson's disease, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative or neurotraumatic diseases. This work ultimately bridges the gap between the musical‐theoretical and cognitive science fields to facilitate innovative research in which each discipline informs the other.
What matters to adolescents with obesity, and their caregivers, when considering bariatric surgery or weight loss devices? A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Carroll Christopher , Booth Andrew , Cuevas Diana Castelblanco 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundBariatric surgery and weight loss devices have been considered as a therapeutic option in some settings for adolescents with severe obesity. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis of factors affecting adolescent and caregiver decision‐making processes around such interventions, as well as post‐surgery demands and challenges, so that their experiences might be better understood and improved support given. No previous qualitative evidence synthesis has been published on this topic.Methods and findingsWe searched 10 bibliographic databases and followed‐up gray literature and citations sources. We performed a qualitative evidence synthesis on 19 primary qualitative research studies in adolescents aged 13 years or older. They reported diverse motivations and incentives for considering these interventions, including the physical and social problems resulting from living with obesity, and an awareness of the benefits and limitations of interventions. They reported that they need: information, physical and emotional support and, in some cases, financial assistance. There was high confidence in a majority of these findings (GRADE CERQual).ConclusionsWe found that supportive interventions accompanying bariatric surgery should be in place to offer: practical help; address anxieties and uncertainties; and facilitate both appropriate decision‐making and the achievement of young people's desired outcomes.
Antemortem cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a cat
Authors: Mau Alex , Chiu Elliott S. , Armien Anibal , Johnson Lynelle R. , Moore Peter F. , Vernau William 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFeline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (FPLCH) is a rare histiocytic proliferative disease of middle‐aged to older domestic cats. Langerhans cells in the terminal airways proliferate and infiltrate the interstitium and the airways to a lesser degree, widely effacing normal parenchyma. Historically, definitive diagnosis has required postmortem evaluation where pulmonary lesions have a classic gross and histologic morphology. Here, we present the first documented antemortem diagnosis of FPLCH using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology and immunocytochemistry (ICC) in a 9‐year‐old British shorthair mix. The cat had a 3‐month history of respiratory difficulty that was refractory to steroids and antimicrobials. Pulmonary radiographs had marked diffuse changes with a complex bronchointerstitial and micronodular pattern. BAL cytology revealed neutrophilic inflammation and markedly increased histiocytes with morphology distinct from typical pulmonary macrophages. ICC characterized histiocytes as CD1a+/E‐cadherin+/CD11b−/PanCK−, consistent with a Langerhans cell phenotype. The cat was humanely euthanized due to poor prognosis and presented for necropsy. Gross, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural findings confirmed a diagnosis of FPLCH. Proliferative cells were E‐cadherin+/Iba‐1+/CD18+/CD1a+/CD5+/MHCII+/CD204−/CD4−; transmission electron microscopy identified the presence of Birbeck granules in the proliferating histiocytes, consistent with previous reports of FPLCH.
Income inequality and its association with COVID-19 cases and deaths: a cross-country analysis in the Eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Alam Mohammed Fasihul , Wildman John , Abdul Rahim Hanan 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThere is limited evidence on the associations between economic and social disparities in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) with COVID-19 infections and deaths. This study aims to investigate the relationship between income inequalities using Gini coefficients and COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population in the EMR countries.MethodsCountry-level data on monthly COVID-19 cases and deaths between March 2020 and October 2021, along with data on selected confounders, were collected from publicly available databases. Mixed-effect negative binomial and inverse hyperbolic sine transformation regressions were estimated to examine the association.ResultsThe study showed that, in the EMR, a unit increase in Gini coefficient is associated with approximately 7.2% and 3.9% increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths per million population, respectively. The magnitude and direction of the association between income inequality and COVID-19 cases and deaths per-million population still remain the same after excluding four warzone countries from the analysis.ConclusionThis increase in COVID-19 cases and deaths is underpinned by the fact that a large number of the population in the region is living in conditions of poverty, with inadequate housing, comorbidities and limited or virtually no access to essential healthcare services. Healthcare policy-makers across countries in the region need to implement effective interventions in areas of income inequality, where it may be linked to increasing the risk of COVID-19 cases and deaths.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis secondary to acute cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Martin Andrew J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a potentially life-threatening disorder with a number of causes, including viral infections.Case presentationA 25-year-old female patient presented with a non-specific febrile illness, headache and hepatitis. She was found to have right transverse sinus and cortical venous thrombosis in addition to acute systemic Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. She responded well to anticoagulation with warfarin for 6 months. CMV infection was treated conservatively.ConclusionCVST is an increasingly prevalent condition often presenting with headache, focal neurological deficits and seizures. Despite extensive investigations, often no specific cause is found. CMV is a ubiquitous virus that can present with a non-specific febrile illness or a variety of organ dysfunction. CMV has been shown to be associated with predominantly venous thrombosis, most commonly lower limb deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and splanchnic vein thrombosis. The risk is highest in immunocompromised patients, though most patients are immunocompetent. There have been few reports of CVST related to CMV and all of these with a more tenuous link to acute CMV infection. Clinicians should be aware of this link, particularly in those who have CVST in the context of a febrile illness, or immunocompromised patients.
Understanding the dynamics of chemsex among men who have sex with men, male sex workers and transgender women in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a multiphase sequential mixed-method research protocol
Authors: Sarwar Golam , Irfan Samira Dishti , Reza Masud , Khan Mohammad Niaz Morshed , Khan Sharful Islam 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionChemsex is defined as drug use to enhance sexual pleasure. Global literature illustrated the pervasiveness of chemsex among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (hijra) for prolonging anal intercourse, reducing pain and intensifying pleasure, oftentimes without condoms. Global literature highlighted the association between chemsex and unsafe sexual behaviours. These circumstances warrant targeted chemsex research to explore the chemsex situation. The study aims to explore the overall dynamics of chemsex among MSM, male sex workers (MSW) andhijrain Dhaka, Bangladesh and formulate culturally relevant, context-specific, gender-sensitive and evidence-based recommendations for chemsex interventions.Methods and analysisThis will be a sequential, exploratory, mixed-methods study. Data will be collected at four drop-in centres in Dhaka in three phases. To explore issues related to chemsex, the formative phase (phase 1) will generate evidence on the overall dynamics of chemsex through a literature review and qualitative interviews. Qualitative data will be manually analysed using thematic analysis. In phase 2, a cross-sectional survey will be conducted among 458 MSM, male sex workers andhijrato measure the prevalence, reasons and sexual risk behaviour associated with chemsex. In phase 3, qualitative interviews will be conducted with the participants involved in chemsex, service providers and relevant stakeholders to add qualitative depth to survey responses. In this phase, service provision will also be investigated for people engaging in chemsex. Moreover, based on the findings of phases 1 and 2, and qualitative interviews of phase 3, a preliminary chemsex intervention model will be developed through a series of intervention design workshops.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been attained from the Ethical Review Committee of icddr,b. Informed consent will be obtained from the participants, and confidentiality will be maintained during data collection and storage. Findings will be disseminated via several platforms including dissemination seminars, scientific articles and study report.
(Cost-)effectiveness of an individualised risk prediction tool (PERSARC) on patient’s knowledge and decisional conflict among soft-tissue sarcomas patients: protocol for a parallel cluster randomised trial (the VALUE-PERSARC study)
Authors: Kruiswijk Anouk A , van de Sande Michiel A J , Haas Rick L , van den Akker-van Marle Elske M , Engelhardt Ellen G , Marang-van de Mheen Perla , van Bodegom-Vos Leti 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionCurrent treatment decision-making in high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) care is not informed by individualised risks for different treatment options and patients’ preferences. Risk prediction tools may provide patients and professionals insight in personalised risks and benefits for different treatment options and thereby potentially increase patients’ knowledge and reduce decisional conflict. The VALUE-PERSARC study aims to assess the (cost-)effectiveness of a personalised risk assessment tool (PERSARC) to increase patients’ knowledge about risks and benefits of treatment options and to reduce decisional conflict in comparison with usual care in high-grade extremity STS patients.MethodsThe VALUE-PERSARC study is a parallel cluster randomised control trial that aims to include at least 120 primarily diagnosed high-grade extremity STS patients in 6 Dutch hospitals. Eligible patients (≥18 years) are those without a treatment plan and treated with curative intent. Patients with sarcoma subtypes or treatment options not mentioned in PERSARC are unable to participate. Hospitals will be randomised between usual care (control) or care with the use of PERSARC (intervention). In the intervention condition, PERSARC will be used by STS professionals in multidisciplinary tumour boards to guide treatment advice and in patient consultations, where the oncological/orthopaedic surgeon informs the patient about his/her diagnosis and discusses benefits and harms of all relevant treatment options. The primary outcomes are patients’ knowledge about risks and benefits of treatment options and decisional conflict (Decisional Conflict Scale) 1 week after the treatment decision has been made. Secondary outcomes will be evaluated using questionnaires, 1 week and 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment decision. Data will be analysed following an intention-to-treat approach using a linear mixed model and taking into account clustering of patients within hospitals.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethical Committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft (METC-LDD) approved this protocol (NL76563.058.21). The results of this study will be reported in a peer-review journal.Trial registration numberNL9160,NCT05741944.
Can machine learning methods be used for identification of at-risk neonates in low-resource settings? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hasan Babar S , Hoodbhoy Zahra , Khan Amna , Nogueira Mariana , Bijnens Bart , Chowdhury Devyani 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionTimely identification of at-risk neonates (ARNs) in the community is essential to reduce mortality in low-resource settings. Tools such as American Academy of Pediatrics pulse oximetry (POx) and WHO Young Infants Clinical Signs (WHOS) have high specificity but low sensitivity to identify ARNs. Our aim was assessing the value of POx and WHOS independently, in combination and with machine learning (ML) from clinical features, to detect ARNs in a low/middle-income country.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in a periurban community in Pakistan. Eligible live births were screened using WHOS and POx along with clinical information regarding pregnancy and delivery. The enrolled neonates were followed for 4 weeks of life to assess the vital status. The predictive value to identify ARNs, of POx, WHOS and an ML model using maternal and neonatal clinical features, was assessed.ResultsOf 1336 neonates, 68 (5%) had adverse outcomes, that is, sepsis (n=40, 59%), critical congenital heart disease (n=2, 3%), severe persistent pulmonary hypertension (n=1), hospitalisation (n=8, 12%) and death (n=17, 25%) assessed at 4 weeks of life. Specificity of POx and WHOS to independently identify ARNs was 99%, with sensitivity of 19% and 63%,respectively. Combining both improved sensitivity to 70%, keeping specificity at 98%. An ML model using clinical variables had 44% specificity and 76% sensitivity. A staged assessment, where WHOS, POx and ML are sequentially used for triage, increased sensitivity to 85%, keeping specificity 75%. Using ML (when WHOS and POx negative) for community follow-up detected the majority of ARNs.ConclusionClassic screening, combined with ML, can help maximise identifying ARNs and could be embedded in low-resource clinical settings, thereby improving outcome. Sequential use of classic assessment and clinical ML identifies the most ARNs in the community, still optimising follow-up clinical care.
Pulmonary vasodilators and exercise in Fontan circulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kosmidis Diamantis , Arvanitaki Alexandra , Farmakis Ioannis T , Liakos Aris , Giannopoulos Andreas , Ziakas Antonios , Giannakoulas George 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveIn Fontan circulation, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted therapies could improve the patients’ exercise capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PAH agents on different exercise parameters in stable Fontan patients by synthesising evidence of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science databases, as well as of ClinicalTrials.gov, was performed. Primary outcomes were specific cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters: peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), peak heart rate (peak HR), the minute ventilation/produced carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) slope and the oxygen uptake, both measured at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT).ResultsFive RCTs were included in the analysis including 573 Fontan patients (mean age 21.2 years, 60% male). PAH-targeted therapies did not affect peak VO2(mean difference (MD) 0.72, 95% CI −0.25 to 1.70) or peak HR (MD −0.67, 95% CI −3.81 to 2.47), but resulted in a small, significant improvement in VO2@AT (standardised MD 0.24, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.47). VE/VCO2slope at the anaerobic threshold was also reduced (MD −1.13, 95% CI −2.25 to −0.01).ConclusionsAlthough PAH-targeted therapies did not affect exercise parameters at maximal effort, they induced slight improvements in indices of submaximal effort, measured at the anaerobic threshold. Pharmacological improvement of submaximal exercise seems to be a more suitable indicator of Fontan individuals’ exercise capacity. Larger RCTs, recruiting specific subpopulations and focusing also on the anaerobic threshold, are warranted to draw more robust conclusions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022306674.
Generic professional capabilities hub: developing leadership and management skills in trainees
Authors: Millar Kate Rachel , James Christopher , Headon Hannah , Afzal Azka , Lipton Joseph , Armit Kirsten , McKimm Judy 
Published: November 2023

High quality leadership is key to delivering high standards of patient care. For many reasons, doctors in training are not currently well represented in leadership positions and struggle to access opportunities to develop these skills. As a key cohort within the medical workforce, using existing present opportunities within clinical training programmes would allow them to engage in leadership development and support them to lead on projects within their trusts and make sustainable changes within their own organisation.Within our anaesthetic department, we designed the Generic Professional Capabilities Hub (GPC hub)—a framework that aims to address some of the barriers to engagement in clinical leadership. Involvement in the GPC hub can be at three different levels, which allows for flexibility around other training needs. Currently, there are seven workstreams within the framework, with trainees being involved through symposia attendance, leading on projects linked to the hub or becoming a trainee workstream lead. We share our learning from setting up this framework, the benefits it brings to trainees and departments, initial evaluation results and our next steps which include regional roll out to four other anaesthetic departments.
Learning Nonlinear Reduced Models from Data with Operator Inference
Authors: Kramer Boris , Peherstorfer Benjamin , Willcox Karen E. 
Published: November 2023

This review discusses Operator Inference, a nonintrusive reduced modeling approach that incorporates physical governing equations by defining a structured polynomial form for the reduced model, and then learns the corresponding reduced operators from simulated training data. The polynomial model form of Operator Inference is sufficiently expressive to cover a wide range of nonlinear dynamics found in fluid mechanics and other fields of science and engineering, while still providing efficient reduced model computations. The learning steps of Operator Inference are rooted in classical projection-based model reduction; thus, some of the rich theory of model reduction can be applied to models learned with Operator Inference. This connection to projection-based model reduction theory offers a pathway toward deriving error estimates and gaining insights to improve predictions. Furthermore, through formulations of Operator Inference that preserve Hamiltonian and other structures, important physical properties such as energy conservation can be guaranteed in the predictions of the reduced model beyond the training horizon. This review illustrates key computational steps of Operator Inference through a large-scale combustion example.
Is There a Survival Difference Between Male and Female Breast Cancer Subtypes According to the Prognostic Staging System? A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Sanli Ahmet Necati , Tekcan Sanli Deniz Esin , Altundag M Kadri , Aydogan Fatih 
Published: November 2023

Background In retrospective studies investigating the difference in survival by gender, there are conflicting results. It was aimed to compare overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in male and female breast cancer subtypes according to the prognostic staging system. Methods Overall survival rates and BCSS rates of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2019 compared by gender for all cohorts, stages, and molecular subtypes using the SEER Database. The stage has been rearranged according to the eighth edition of the AJCC. Results 364 039 patients were included in the study. .7% (n = 2503) of all breast cancers were male breast cancer. Overall survival (male: 5-year OS 73.9%, female = 5-year OS 86%) and BCSS rates (male: 5-year BCSS 78.9%, female = 5-year BCSS 94.7%) were significantly higher in females than in males for all cohorts. OS (male: 5-year OS 66.2% vs female: 5-year OS 88.3%), and BCSS (male: 5-year BCSS 88.4% vs female: 5-year 93.6%) rates were higher in hormone receptor (HR)-positive/Her2-negative female patients. Overall survival rate is higher in females in stage I (male: 5-year OS 81.5%, female: 5-year OS 92.8%), and BCSS rate is higher in stage I (male: 5-year BCSS 94.8%, female: 5-year BCSS 97.5%). Males have 2 times (HR = 2.023) higher overall mortality risk than females, but the risk of dying from breast cancer is only 1.6 times (HR = 1.596) higher. Conclusions Breast cancer-specific mortality is significantly higher in male breast cancers, especially in the early stage, and HR-positive subtype than females.
Hypersensitivity to opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in post-traumatic headache
Authors: Al-Khazali Haidar M. , Christensen Rune H. , Dodick David W. , Chaudhry Basit Ali , Burstein Rami , Ashina Håkan 
Published: November 2023

Objective To investigate whether levcromakalim (a KATP channel opener) induces migraine-like headache in people with persistent post-traumatic headache who had no known history of migraine. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-way crossover trial, participants were randomly assigned to receive a 20-minute continuous intravenous infusion of levcromakalim (50 µg/mL) or placebo (isotonic saline) on two separate experimental days with a 1-week wash-out period in between. The primary endpoint was the difference in incidence of migraine-like headache between levcromakalim and placebo during a 12-hour observational period after infusion start. The secondary endpoint was the difference in area under the curve for baseline-corrected median headache intensity scores between levcromakalim and placebo during the 12-hour observational period. Results A total of 21 participants with persistent post-traumatic headache were randomized and completed the trial. During the 12-hour observational period, 12 (57%) of 21 participants reported experiencing migraine-like headache following the levcromakalim infusion, compared with three after placebo ( P = 0.013). Moreover, the baseline-corrected median headache intensity scores were higher following the levcromakalim infusion than after placebo ( P = 0.003). Conclusion Our findings suggest that KATP channels play an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine-like headache in people with persistent post-traumatic headache. This implies that KATP channel blockers might represent a promising avenue for drug development. Further research is warranted to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of KATP channel blockers in managing post-traumatic headache. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05243953