bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile Organic Solvents as Osmotic Agents of Organic Solvent Forward Osmosis for Pharmaceutical Concentration
Authors: Takada Ryoichi , Takagi Ryosuke , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the pharmaceutical industry, a preconcentration can reduce the total production cost of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or their intermediates. For preconcentration, organic solvent forward osmosis (OSFO) is suitable because of its nonthermal nature, low capital cost, and capability for high‐degree concentration. However, OSFO has a drawback where the osmotic agent (OA) can contaminate the concentrated process solution by reverse diffusion. In this study, it was attempted for the first time to use a pure volatile organic solvent as an OA in the OSFO for overcoming the drawback. Because even if the process solution is contaminated, the OA can be removed in the subsequent process (e.g., dry process) of pharmaceutical production. Hydrophobic volatile organic solvents were examined as OAs with a thin film composite membrane with a hydrophilic polyamide selective layer. As a result, it was found that isooctane had the least reverse diffused behavior because of the poorest affinity with the selective layer. Using isooctane in the OSFO experiment, the tocopherol (model API intermediate) concentration increased to 48 wt% with only 0.13 wt% of isooctane contamination. This study clearly reveals the feasibility of the above OA and would open the opportunity for social implementation of OSFO preconcentration in the pharmaceutical industry.
Altered Patterns of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Underpin Reduced Expressions of Social–Emotional Reciprocity in Autistic Adults
Authors: Czekóová Kristína , Mareček Radek , Staněk Rostislav , Hartley Calum , Kessler Klaus , Hlavatá Pavlína , Ošlejšková Hana , Brázdil Milan , Shaw Daniel Joel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo identify the neurocognitive mechanisms underpinning the social difficulties that characterize autism, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging on pairs of autistic and non‐autistic adults simultaneously whilst they interacted with one another on the iterated Ultimatum Game (iUG)—an interactive task that emulates the reciprocal characteristic of naturalistic interpersonal exchanges. Two age‐matched sets of male–male dyads were investigated: 16 comprised an autistic Responder and a non‐autistic Proposer, and 19 comprised non‐autistic pairs of Responder and Proposer. Players' round‐by‐round behavior on the iUG was modeled as reciprocal choices, and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) was measured to identify the neural mechanisms underpinning reciprocal behaviors. Behavioral expressions of reciprocity were significantly reduced in autistic compared with non‐autistic Responders, yet no such differences were observed between the non‐autistic Proposers in either set of dyads. Furthermore, we identified latent dFC states with temporal properties associated with reciprocity. Autistic interactants spent less time in brain states characterized by dynamic inter‐network integration and segregation among the Default Mode Network and cognitive control networks, suggesting that their reduced expressions of social–emotional reciprocity reflect less efficient reconfigurations among brain networks supporting flexible cognition and behavior. These findings advance our mechanistic understanding of the social difficulties characterizing autism.
High Shear Dispersion Techniques For Up‐scaling And Controllable Cathode Morphology In High Performance Li‐S Pouch Cells
Authors: Schmidt Ralf , Boenke Tom , Härtel Paul , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: February 2025

The lithium sulfur (Li‐S) cell chemistry is promising due to the high specific capacity of its active materials resulting in high specific energy cells. In the past years, the number of publications on practical prototype cells have increased, already reporting high specific energies over 400 Wh kg‐1 with low electrolyte‐to‐sulfur (E:S) ratios. To enable the complex conversion chemistry at low E:S ratios, the cathode porosity adaption is crucial and depends for example on the suspension blending procedure. There are several methods and devices to prepare suspensions for battery electrodes, e.g. dissolver and planetary mixers. In this study, a standard laboratory blender with low shear forces (EL1) is compared with a high shear mixer (HSM) for preparing porous carbon‐sulfur suspensions in a relevant scale. In this study, the influence of the slurry preparation on the final performance is investigated by coating via slot die on a roll‐to‐roll device to produce carbon‐sulfur‐cathodes. The electrodes are characterized via optical and mechanical measurements. Electrochemical analysis is conducted using coin cells for pre‐evaluation as well as multi‐layered pouch cells with reduced electrolyte volume (3.0 µl mg(S)‐1). It could be shown that the HSM enables increased binder dispersion and enhanced density leading to improved cycle life.
Effect of hydration schedules on dose‐limiting toxicity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with cisplatin
Authors: Schaeffers Anouk W. M. A. , van Neerven Cassimy B. , van Balen Dorieke , Crul Mirjam , Slingerland Marije , Luelmo Saskia A. C. , de Boer Jan Paul , Voortman Jens , van Zuilen Arjan D. , de Bree Remco , Devriese Lot A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine if head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with cisplatin chemoradiotherapy and short hydration (SH) experience less dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) and receive more cisplatin than those with medium hydration (MH) or long hydration (LH).MethodsBaseline characteristics, cumulative cisplatin dose and toxicities were collected. Differences between LH, MH and SH were tested, with separate analyses for triweekly 100 mg/m2 cisplatin and weekly 40 mg/m2 cisplatin. Mixed models assessed the hydration schedule's effect on cumulative dose.ResultsA total of 389 patients were included. DLT occurrence was comparable between hydration groups (P = .060), but DLT type differed (P = .007). Nephrotoxicity was common with LH and MH (n = 11, 61% and n = 26, 45%, respectively), and ototoxicity with SH (n = 35, 36%). DLT occurrence in triweekly patients differed between LH and MH (n = 18, 64% vs n = 25, 32%, P = .004), but not between MH and SH (P = .171) or LH and SH (P = .055) patients. Cisplatin dose differed between LH and MH (median 200 vs 300, P = .008) as well as between LH and SH (median 200 vs 300, P = .024) but not between MH and SH (P = .429) patients. Hydration had no effect on dose (F = 2.09, P = .125).ConclusionsDLT cause differed between hydration groups, with less nephrotoxicity but more ototoxicity in HNSCC patients with SH. Triweekly cisplatin LH patients had more DLT and lower cumulative dose compared to MH and SH, but no hydration effect in general on dose was found.
Gene Duplication and Alternative Splicing as Evolutionary Drivers of Proteome Specialization
Authors: Mantica Federica , Irimia Manuel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAnimals comprise hundreds of cell types, each with specialized biological functions. However, many genes expressed in each cell type belong to widely conserved gene families with ancestrally ubiquitous expression. This raises a paradox: how have these genes evolved to shape cell type‐specific traits without compromising their ancestral function in all other cells? This can be achieved through gene duplication and the origin of regulated, alternatively spliced exons, which generate new related proteins in the form of paralogous genes and alternative isoforms, respectively. Here, we explore how such new related proteins can contribute to the evolution of specific cell types while preserving broader ancestral roles. Specifically, we separately classify possible expression and functional fates for new related proteins and discuss their interplays and evolutionary likelihood. Our primary hypothesis is that expression specialization, mostly coupled with functional specialization, is the predominant fate for both paralogous genes and alternative isoforms throughout animal evolution.
Cerium‐Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanostructure for Enhanced Biomedical Applications
Authors: Manoj Jayan  , Anjumol Joy  , Vinoth Kumar J. , Megha M.  , Carlin R. J.  , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Angel S. L.  , R. Sathyalakshmi  , A. Dhayal Raj  , Mythili R. , Senthilkumar Muthuswamy  , S. John Sundaram  , Nivetha M. Sherlin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of multifunctional biomaterials holds paramount importance in advancing biomedical research and applications. This investigation focuses on synthesizing cerium/reduced graphene oxide (Ce/RGO) nanocomposites using a hydrothermal approach. Structural evaluations via XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirm the successful conversion of graphene oxide (GO) to rGO and the integration of cerium nanoparticles onto the rGO surface. FTIR spectroscopy further validates structural alterations and the successful adhesion of cerium nanoparticles. Morphological and elemental analyses performed using FE‐SEM and EDAX demonstrate the attachment of cerium nanoparticles onto rGO sheets. Enhanced hardness in Ce/rGO samples, compared with pure rGO, as indicated by Vickers hardness testing, suggests improved mechanical properties because of the existence of cerium nanoparticles. Measurements of the water contact angle show reduced hydrophobicity in Ce‐rGO samples, implying enhanced wettability upon cerium nanoparticle integration. Additionally, porosity analysis reveals increased porosity in Ce/rGO samples, facilitating enhanced nutrient transfer within the system. Biocompatibility assessments, including hemolytic activity testing and Vero cell viability tests demonstrate favorable biocompatibility and improved cell viability in Ce/rGO samples compared with pure rGO. Antibacterial studies unveil increased efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli in Ce/rGO samples, attributed to the synergistic effects of rGO's antimicrobial properties and cerium nanoparticles' activity. This study highlights the encouraging potential of Ce/rGO nanostructures for biomedical applications, offering distinct mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, favorable biological interactions, and enhanced antibacterial performance.
mRNA Vaccines: Design Principles, Mechanisms, and Manufacturing—Insights From COVID‐19 as a Model for Combating Infectious Diseases
Authors: Khorshid Sokhangouy Saeideh , Behzadi Matine , Rezaei Shokuh , Farjami Mahsa , Haghshenas Maryam , Sefidbakht Yahya , Mozaffari‐Jovin Sina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe full approval of two SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines, Comirnaty and Spikevax, has greatly accelerated the development of numerous mRNA vaccine candidates targeting infectious diseases and cancer. mRNA vaccines provide a rapid, safe, and versatile manufacturing process while eliciting strong humoral and cellular immune responses, making them particularly beneficial for addressing emerging pandemics. Recent advancements in modified nucleotides and lipid nanoparticle delivery systems have further emphasized the potential of this vaccine platform. Despite these transformative opportunities, significant improvements are needed to enhance vaccine efficacy, stability, and immunogenicity.This review outlines the fundamentals of mRNA vaccine design, the manufacturing process, and administration strategies, along with various optimization approaches. It also offers a comprehensive overview of the mRNA vaccine candidates developed since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the challenges posed by emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, and current strategies to address these variants. Finally, we discuss the potential of broad‐spectrum and combined mRNA vaccines and examine the challenges and future prospects of the mRNA vaccine platform.
Enhancing Temperature‐Optimized Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for High‐Voltage, High‐Energy Supercapacitors Utilizing Date Stone‐Derived Carbon in Coin Cell Configuration
Authors: Shuaibu Abubakar Dahiru , Mirghni Abdulmajid A. , Shah Syed Shaheen , Hardianto Yuda Prima , Alzahrani Atif Saeed , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the advancement of coin cell supercapacitors (SCs) for sustainable, high‐performance energy storage by employing biomass‐derived date stone activated carbon with various ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes at different temperatures. The research reveals that SCs demonstrate both pseudocapacitive and electrochemical double‐layer characteristics. Among the tested ILs, 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIMOTf) emerges as the most effective, achieving an impressive energy density of 129.9 Wh kg−1, a power density of 403.8 W kg−1, and a specific capacitance of 103.9 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. After 5000 cycles, the supercapacitor utilizing BMIMOTf maintains 97.3% of its initial capacitance and exhibits a Coulombic efficiency approaching 100%. Additionally, temperature‐dependent analyses from room temperature to 50°C reveal that higher temperatures boost the electrochemical performance of the SC, attributed to improved ionic conductivity. This research offers a more comprehensive understanding of how materials and electrolytes interact, emphasizing the capacity of BMIMOTf to foster innovations in eco‐friendly energy storage solutions.
Sulfur‐Enriched Pitch‐Based Carbon Nanofibers With Lotus Root‐Like Axial Pores for Boosting Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Ma Chang , Wang Yue , Zhu Binji , Ma Shuwen , Zhou Bangguo , Shao Xiaodong , Han Na , Shi Jingli , Zhang Xiangwu , Song Yan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPitch is a promising precursor for preparing carbon materials for anode of sodium‐ion batteries. Heteroatom doping is an effective way to increase the sodium storage capacity while constructing reasonable pores and nanosizing the carbon skeleton help to achieve a high‐rate performance of anodes. In this work, sulfur‐doped carbon nanofibers with lotus root‐like axial pores were prepared using coal liquefaction pitch as the main precursor by electrospinning, pre‐oxidation, sulfurization, and carbonization. A considerable content of 7.41 wt.% of sulfur was doped into the carbon skeleton after low‐temperature gas‐phase sulfurization and subsequent carbonization. The as‐prepared sulfur‐doped porous carbon nanofiber films, used as self‐supporting electrodes of sodium‐ion batteries, display high specific capacity (528.5 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1), high‐rate performance (209.3 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1) and exceptional cycling stability (96.97% of retention at 500 mA g−1 over 1000 cycles). With desirable flexibility and excellent sodium storage performance, the achieved sulfur‐doped porous carbon nanofibers hold great promise for potential applications as self‐supporting anodes of sodium‐ion batteries.
A Rare Case of Quincke's Disease With an Unknown Trigger
Authors: Villegas Katrina J. , Mustafa Mazhar , Upadhyay Shivanck , Kashani John 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTQuincke's disease is a rare presentation of angioneurotic edema of the uvula alone, likely a Type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction. We raise awareness of this rare but life‐threatening case presenting as throat tightness, without rash or facial angioedema, treated with corticosteroids, antihistamines, and β2‐agonist nebulization.
The Prognostic Value of Platelet‐Albumin‐Bilirubin Score in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Duan Xueting , Qu Liangzhen , Chen Han 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a well‐established treatment option for patients with aortic valve stenosis and/or regurgitation. However, risk stratification in patients indicated for TAVR remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the platelet‐albumin‐bilirubin (PALBI) score on post‐TAVR mortality.MethodsA total number of 812 patients with aortic stenosis and/or aortic regurgitation who underwent TAVR were consecutively enrolled in this study. PALBI score was calculated based on preoperative baseline bilirubin levels, albumin levels, and platelet counts. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the median PALBI score.ResultsThe median age of the study population at baseline was 74 (IQR: 69.00–80.00) years, and 58.6% were male. During the whole follow‐up period, all‐cause death was observed in 60 (7.4%) patients and 30 (3.7%) patients died due to cardiovascular events. According to multivariate analysis, a high PALBI score was independently associated with all‐cause mortality (HR = 2.679, 95% CI: 1.456–4.930, p = 0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.785, 95% CI: 1.133–6.849, p = 0.026). ROC curve analysis showed a significant predictive value of the PALBI score for all‐cause mortality (AUC = 0.633, 95% CI: 0.563–0.704, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the PALBI score strengthens the predictive value of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score for all‐cause death after TAVR (STS score vs. PALBI score + STS score: AUC: 0.742 vs. 0.768).ConclusionA high PALBI score was associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients after TAVR. PALBI score can further enhance the predictive potential of STS score for all‐cause mortality.
Cytologic features of angiosarcoma in fluid specimens: A retrospective study of 22 cases
Authors: Thomas Karen , Trinh Haley , Fei Anna , Khazai Laila , Sun Hongxia , Gan Qiong (Jenny) 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlthough histologic and fine‐needle aspiration cytologic features of angiosarcoma are well established, little is known about its cytologic features in fluids. This study presents the cytomorphologic features of 22 patients who had angiosarcoma involving pleural, pericardial, ascites, and liver cyst fluids.MethodsPatient data, including clinical histories, radiology, pathology, treatments, and follow‐up, were collected.ResultsTwenty‐two angiosarcoma fluid specimens (pleura, n = 17; pericardium, n = 2; ascites, n = 2; and liver cyst, n = 1) were identified. All patients had prior angiosarcoma diagnoses, and 10 (45%) had prior radiation exposure. Cellularity varied, with low cellularity predominant (73%). Cytologic architecture typically consisted of clusters of epithelioid cells (91%), single epithelioid cells (55%), and spindled cells (36%). Malignant nuclear characteristics, such as irregular nuclear membranes, chromatin clumping, and prominent nucleoli, were consistent (100%). Vasoformative features included endothelial wrapping (73%), intracytoplasmic lumina (18%), hemophagocytosis (9%), and intracytoplasmic lumina with cells (5%). Low cellularity samples usually lacked vasoformative features (27%). Prominent nucleoli, often with multiple or club‐shaped forms, appeared in all cases (100%). Atypical mitotic figures (45%), associated fibromyxoid material (14%), and possible necrosis (5%) were also observed. The interval between cavity fluid involvement and primary diagnosis averaged 616 days (range, 14–2778 days). The mean time from the first positive fluid to death was 141 days (range, 3–568 days).ConclusionsAngiosarcoma in fluids is rare. Cytomorphologic features, although nonspecific, include malignant nuclear features, prominent nucleoli, atypical mitoses, and occasional vasoformative features. Accurate diagnosis necessitates a careful review of the patient's history and judicious use of immunohistochemical staining.
Genome‐wide profiling of N6‐methyladenosine‐modified pseudogene‐derived long noncoding RNAs reveals the tumour‐promoting and innate immune‐restraining function of RPS15AP12 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Xu Jie , Ren Yifei , Lu Jiayi , Qin Fengjiang , Yang Dan , Tang Chunyan , Yang Yu , Xu Jing , Liu Tao , Yi Ping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPseudogene‐derived lncRNAs are widely dysregulated in cancer. Technological advancements have facilitated the functional characterization of increasing pseudogenes in cancer progression. However, the association between pseudogenes and RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification in cancer, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains largely unexplored.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of 12 146 pseudogenes and comprehensively examined the m6A modification of RNAs derived from them and their paralogs. Through integrative analysis of multi‐omics data, we explored the associations between pseudogene dysregulation and m6A, identifying critical pseudogenes involved in HGSOC progression. Tumour promotion role of RPS15AP12 and its cognate parent gene was characterized by cell proliferation, transwell assays, and scratch assays in ovarian cells and xenograft nude mice. RNA decay assays were used to reveal the participation of m6A in decreasement of RPS15AP12 lncRNA stability. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify that RPS15AP12 enhances RPS15A expression by competitively binding to miR‐96‐3p. Western blot and phosphorylation assays were performed to investigate the impairment of RPS15AP12 towards the sensors of MAVS (RIG‐I and MDA5), and downstream p‐TBK1 and p‐IRF3. Finally, ELISA assays were performed to explore the regulatory role of RPS15AP12 in IFN‐β expression.ResultsM6A is distributed across over a thousand pseudogenes, and hypomethylation leads to their upregulation in HGSOC. We identified a processed pseudogene, RPS15AP12, upregulated by FTO‐mediated m6A demethylation. RPS15AP12 enhances the growth ability and metastatic capabilities of ovarian cancer (OC) cells via functioning as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for its host gene, RPS15A, through the sequestration of miR‐96‐3p. Importantly, the deletion of RPS15AP12 diminishes the expression of RPS15A, leading to the upregulation of anti‐tumour immune responses by activating RIG‐I and MDA5 and downstream p‐TBK1 and p‐IRF3 as well as IFN‐β levels.ConclusionOur findings expand the understanding of m6A‐modulated pseudogenes in tumour growth and anti‐tumour innate immunity in OC.Key Points
Genome‐wide profiling reveals the redistribution of m6A modification on pseudogene‐derived lncRNAs and m6A redistribution‐relevant dysregulation of pseudogenes in HGSOC.
RPS15AP12, as a representative processed pseudogene, is up‐regulated by FTO‐mediated demethylation and acts as a miRNA sponge to promote RPS15A expression via competitively binding to miR‐96‐3p.
RPS15AP12/RPS15A axis inhibits MAVS sensors (RIG‐I and MDA5) and downstream IFN‐β levels in ovarian cancer.
QDND: Quorum‐Based Energy Efficiency Aware Directional Neighbor Discovery in Ad Hoc Millimeter Wave Wireless Networks
Authors: Huang Tingpei , Zhang Bairen , Zhang Tiantian , Liu Jianhang , Li Shibao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn ad hoc millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless networks, nodes typically use directional antennas to cope with their high path loss problem. Directional neighbor discovery is a crucial technology in the first step of establishing the mmWave communication network. However, directional antennas introduce new challenges to the neighbor discovery: beam alignment and heterogeneous operating mode problems. Meanwhile, the continuous neighbor discovery process leads to significant energy consumption. To solve the above challenges, this paper introduces a directional neighbor discovery algorithm QDND with an adjustable duty cycle based on the Grid Quorum system. Firstly, we design a duty cycle adaptive control algorithm to avoid continuous neighbor discovery processes. Secondly, we propose a sector scanning algorithm to guarantee the beam alignment. Finally, we design an operating mode scheduling algorithm to enable two neighbors to work in different operating modes simultaneously. We conduct extensive simulations under different network scenarios to validate the performance of the QDND. The numerical analysis and simulation results show that QDND outperforms existing directional neighbor discovery algorithms in terms of ATTD and MTTD in different numbers of nodes, beamwidths, and duty cycles.