bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion Intercalation‐Mediated MoS2 Conductance Switching for Highly Energy‐Efficient Memristor Synapse
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zhao Xuan , Xun Xiaochen , Gao Fangfang , Li Qi , Sun Jiayi , Ouyang Tian , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEmerging memristor synapses with ion dynamics have the potential to process spatiotemporal information and can accelerate the development of energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing. However, conventional ion‐migration‐type memristors suffer from low switching speed and uncontrollable conductance modulation, hindering energy‐efficient neuromorphic hardware implementation. Here, ion intercalation‐mediated conductance switching in MoS2 is introduced for a highly energy‐efficient memristor synapse (HEMS) to accurately emulate the bio‐synaptic function. Li‐ion intercalation into the few‐layer MoS2 can induce structural evolution, thereby achieving high‐speed and controllable conductance modulation in HEMS. Consequently, the HEMS exhibits highly energy efficiency with a fast switching speed of 500 ns and low energy consumption of 2.85 fJ per synaptic event. The stable bidirectional modulation of synaptic plasticity by consecutive voltage pulses of 5000 times can be achieved in the HEMS. Besides, the HEMS is endowed with logic functions and can process multiple sets of inputs in parallel for information integration. This work offers an alternative strategy for fast‐speed conductance modulation via ion intercalation to develop energy‐efficient memristors in future neuromorphic computing.
Mobility‐Lifetime Products in Organic Infrared Photodiodes with Peak Absorption at 1550 nm
Authors: Seo Bogyeom , Bills Tyler , Mahalingavelar Paramasivam , Kim Woojo , Eun Hyeong Ju , Kim Jong H. , Azoulay Jason D. , Ng Tse Nga 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInfrared photodiodes based on organic semiconductors are promising for low‐cost sensors that operate at room temperature. However, their realization remains hampered by poor device efficiency. Here, performance limitations are analyzed by evaluating the mobility‐lifetime products and charge collection efficiency of devices operating in the shortwave infrared with a peak absorption at 1550 nm. Through complementary impedance and current‐voltage measurements on devices with different donor‐to‐acceptor semiconductor ratios, a trade‐off between mobility and recombination time and the need to balance between transport and interfacial charge transfer are observed. Thus, this study revisits the mobility‐lifetime metric to shed new light on charge collection constraints in organic infrared photodiodes.
Rapid and Ultra‐Sensitive SARS‐CoV‐2 Subgenomic RNA Detection Using Single‐Molecule With a Large Transistor‐SiMoT Bioelectronic Platform
Authors: Macchia Eleonora , D'Erchia Anna Maria , Caputo Mariapia , Bianco Angelica , Leoni Claudia , Intranuovo Francesca , Scandurra Cecilia , Sarcina Lucia , Di Franco Cinzia , Bollella Paolo , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa , Pesole Graziano 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe replication of Coronaviridae viruses depends on the synthesis of structural proteins expressed through the discontinuous transcription of subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs). Thus, detecting sgRNAs, which reflect active viral replication, provides valuable insights into infection status. Current diagnostic methods, such as PCR‐based assays, often involve high costs, complex equipment, and reliance on highly trained personnel. Additionally, their specificity can be compromised by technical limitations in kit design. While viral culture remains highly accurate, it is impractical for routine diagnostics. In this study, the single‐molecule‐with‐a‐large‐transistor (SiMoT) technology is presented for detecting sgRNA encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein in clinical samples. SiMoT incorporates a stable layer of complementary DNA strands on the sensing gate electrode, facilitating rapid, sensitive, and specific sgRNA detection. Among 90 tested samples, SiMoT achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.0% and a specificity of 87.8%, delivering results within 30 min. This user‐friendly platform requires minimal sample preparation and offers a cost‐effective point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostic solution. With its demonstrated diagnostic accuracy and scalability, SiMoT represents a promising tool for detecting active viral replication in SARS‐CoV‐2 and other coronaviruses. It addresses the limitations of existing molecular and culture‐based methods while enhancing accessibility to reliable diagnostics.
Dynamically Encircling Multiple Exceptional Points in Waveguides System: Asymmetric–symmetric Multimode Switching
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Qi Huixin , Li Yandong , Hu Xiaoyong , Wang Xingyuan , Gong Qihuang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDynamically encircling exceptional points in non‐Hermitian systems leads to counterintuitive chiral mode conversions, which provides a new platform for implementing information processing. Previous research has shown that the position of the starting point determines whether the dynamics are chiral or non‐chiral. Photonic devices that simultaneously realize chiral and non‐chiral mode converters are yet to be investigated. In this letter, a four‐state non‐Hermitian waveguide array with two exceptional points is presented and the dynamical encirclement of each exceptional point and double exceptional points, which possess chiral and non‐chiral dynamics is studied. Encircling a single exceptional point and both exceptional points gives the same outcome but a different encircling process. During non‐chiral dynamics, the initial states are not on the Riemann sheet that forms the EPs, encircling both exceptional points produces more branch cuts than encircling a single exceptional point. An asymmetric–symmetric multimode switch at telecommunication wavelengths is demonstrated. Chiral mode converter and non‐chiral mode converter can be implemented simultaneously on one photonic device. The research enriches the exploration of the physics associated with multiple exceptional points in non‐Hermitian multistate systems and inspires wide applications in on‐chip optical systems.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 1/2025
Authors: Friedrich S. , Maitra C. , Dennerl K. , Schwope A. , Werner K. , Stelzer B. 
Published: February 2025

Hunting for white dwarfs in eROSITA surveys 1‐4 with special processing. The Gaia color‐magnitude diagram shows all white dwarf candidates from the Gaia white dwarf catalogue (Gentile Fusillo et al. 2021), colour‐coded with the probability of being a white dwarf. Black circles mark sources in the ROSAT white dwarf catalogue (Fleming et al. 1996) that match entries in the Gaia white dwarf catalogue (light blue crosses indicate those in the German half of the eROSITA sky). Orange crosses mark eROSITA sources with a hardness ratio of ≤ −0.94 and with counterparts in the Gaia white dwarf catalogue. Those highlighted with a dark green circle have a probability larger than 90 % of being a white dwarf in that catalogue. The cooling tracks of white dwarfs with masses between 0.4 and 1.2 solar masses are shown as gray lines in steps of 0.1 solar masses (top to bottom). For more details see the related paper by S. Friedrich et al. published in this issue e240139.
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Pyrolysis kinetics, thermodynamics, and reaction performance of wheat straw and water hyacinth using TGA‐DTG analysis: Bioenergy potential in Ethiopia
Authors: Gesese Tesfa Nega , Getahun Eshetu , Getahun Alelgn Anmaw 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe kinetics and thermodynamics of biomass pyrolysis are crucial for its design, optimization, and industrial application. In this study, proximate analysis, together with higher heating value (HHV) and kinetic and thermodynamic studies of water hyacinth (WH) and wheat straw (WS) pyrolysis were performed. Nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates of 15, 20, and 25 °C min−1 were employed to investigate their pyrolysis kinetics experimentally. Detailed results from the proximate analysis and HHV measurements for both biomasses were documented and analyzed. Iso‐conversional kinetic analysis revealed that the effective activation energy varied significantly with the reacted fraction. For WS, the average activation energy values were 63.67 kJ mol−1 and 45.74 kJ mol−1 based on the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods, respectively. For WH, the corresponding values were 118.58 kJ mol−1 and 114.09 kJ mol−1.The Coats–Redfern model demonstrated that the TGA data obtained in an inert environment were best described by a second‐order reaction mechanism and the ‘D3c’ three‐way diffusion model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the pyrolysis of WH and WS is not spontaneous and requires external energy input for thermal decomposition. Both processes were identified as endothermic, with reactivity increasing as pyrolysis advanced.The comprehensive pyrolysis index (CPI) increased with higher heating rates, suggesting that elevated heating rates were more favorable for the pyrolysis of these biomasses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the reaction mechanisms and highlight the potential of WH and WS for bioenergy production.
Systematic characterization of horizontally transferred biosynthetic gene clusters in the human gut microbiota using HTBGC‐Finder
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Yang Xiao , Zhao Lanlan , Li Ziyun , Zhao Guoping , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe human gut microbiota contains biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that encode bioactive secondary metabolites, which play pivotal roles in microbe‐microbe and host‐microbe interactions and serve as a rich source of pharmaceutical lead compounds. Understanding the horizontal transfer of BGCs can reveal insights into microbial adaptation, resource utilization, and evolutionary mechanisms, thereby advancing biotechnological applications. Despite its importance, horizontal transfer of BGCs within the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. In this study, we introduce a novel tool, the Horizontally Transferred Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Finder (HTBGC‐Finder), designed to systematically identify potential horizontally transferred BGCs (HTBGCs) within the extensive human gut microbiota. Using HTBGC‐Finder, we identified 81 potential HTBGCs, underscoring the prevalence and significance of horizontal gene transfer in shaping the genetic landscape of the gut microbiome. Remarkably, ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) constituted the majority of these HTBGCs (76 out of 81, 93.83%), exhibiting a significantly higher transfer rate compared to non‐RiPPs (Chi‐squared test, p < 0.001). Upon detailed examination of BGCs, cyclic‐lactone‐autoinducer (CLA) and RiPP recognition element (RRE)‐containing BGCs were predominant, representing nearly three‐quarters of the total (45, or 55.56%, and 14, or 17.28%, respectively). Notably, CLA BGCs also demonstrated a higher transfer rate than non‐CLA BGCs (Chi‐squared test, p < 0.001). Taxonomy profiling revealed that horizontal BGC transfer occurred exclusively in the phyla Bacteroidota (synonym Bacteroidetes) and Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes), with 50 and 31 instances, respectively. Furthermore, cross‐phylum transfer events were observed, highlighting the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and host health. These findings offer valuable insights into the horizontal transfer dynamics of BGCs within the gut microbiome and their potential implications for host‐microbiota interactions.
Omission Bias in Adolescence: Asymmetric Perceptions of Morality, Intentionality and Causality
Authors: Wang Yanwei , Zhao Jiaxuan , Su Yanjie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionHumans are more tolerant of omissions than commissions when both cause similar negative outcomes, which is defined as omission bias. Although adults show omission bias in various moral contexts, it remains unclear how omission bias develops from adolescence to early adulthood. The current study aims to examine how adolescents perceive morality, intentionality, and causality of commissions and omissions.MethodsWe recruited 730 participants from junior and senior high schools, as well as universities, between 2022 and 2023. Participants came from three provinces (Beijing, Shanxi, Henan) in China, including 160 early adolescents (Mage = 12.55 ± 0.34 years, 74 females), 169 middle adolescents (Mage = 13.71 ± 0.71 years, 74 females), 223 late adolescents (Mage = 17.15 ± 0.60 years, 123 females), and 178 young adults (Mage = 21.75 ± 1.81 years, 123 females). We conducted a 2 (Behavior: commission, omission) × 4 (Age: early adolescents, middle adolescents, late adolescents, young adults) × 2 (Outcome: harm, no harm) analysis of variance with morality, intentionality, and causality ratings as dependent variables respectively.ResultsThe results indicated late adolescents and young adults regarded commissions as more immoral than omissions. This tendency was consistent with the asymmetric perceptions of causality in the same age groups, but not with the asymmetric perceptions of intentionality, which existed even in early adolescence.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that omission bias becomes more pronounced in middle‐to‐late adolescence and causality perceptions may play an important role in omission bias on moral judgment.
Effect of 3D‐Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffold With Powdery/Smooth Micromorphology on Local Immune Environments
Authors: Hou Lan , Meng Zijie , Zhang Jiawei , Jiao Yangchi , Chang Kexin , He Jiankang , Zhang Juliang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSelective laser sintering (SLS) has become a viable approach for producing biodegradable medical implants in various clinical applications. The resulting scaffolds typically exhibit a powdery microstructure, which may potentially impact the behavior of immune cells and immune responses in surrounding tissues. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the effect of surface morphology in SLS‐fabricated scaffolds on local immune environments. This study aims to compare the effect of SLS‐fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with powdery and smooth surface morphologies on immune‐related biological responses. Compared with those on the powdery micromorphology, RAW264.7 macrophages displayed greater dispersion and adopted a spread and elongated morphology on the scaffolds with smooth surface. The expression levels of arginase‐1 and CD206 were found to be upregulated in macrophages adhering to the PCL scaffolds with smooth surface, accompanied by an augmented secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines TGF‐β and IL‐10. Conversely, there was a decrease in the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐12. When implanted in vivo, the SLS‐derived scaffolds were completely covered by host tissues, Withing increased collagen deposition, indicating good histocompatibility. At 1‐week post‐implantation, there was a significantly higher presence of M2‐type macrophages surrounding the scaffold compared to M1 macrophages in both groups. By 3 weeks post‐implantation, the overall level of macrophages had decreased in both groups. However, a significant higher level of M1 macrophages were observed in the powdery scaffold group. At the same time, the number of neutrophils around the powder scaffold increased significantly, demonstrating long‐term local inflammatory responses. The results suggested that post‐treated scaffolds with smooth surfaces can effectively reduce local inflammation, making them more suitable for clinical implantation.
Enhanced Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Vascular Grafts Through Oriented Core‐Shell Fibrous Structure and Incorporation of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate
Authors: Li Yunhuan , Yang Tao , Zhang Kuihua , Zou Chengyu , Hou Keqing , Yin Anlin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrostructure and biological activity have been pivotal factors in the modification of vascular grafts. Equally crucial, however, are degradation behavior and mechanical stability, both of which are key to long‐term success of grafts. To optimize these properties, we prepared oriented fiber membranes with core‐shell structures through coaxial electrospinning, incorporating varying concentrations of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS). In this design, poly‐ethylene oxide (PEO)/STS served as the core layer, while poly‐L‐lactide‐co‐caprolactone (PLCL) formed the shell. Our findings revealed that both random and oriented fiber membranes exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Notably, compared to random fiber membranes, the oriented counterparts showed enhanced hydrophilicity and a tunable degradation rate. Furthermore, the sustained release of STS from the membranes inhibited platelet adhesion and significantly promote cell diffusion, growth, and proliferation. Importantly, the oriented fiber membranes loaded with STS were able to induce a highly organized cell arrangement and upregulate the expression of CD144 and vWF in endothelial cells. These promising findings suggest that oriented core‐shell fiber membranes loaded with PEO/STS could offer valuable insights into vascular graft design and hold potential for further exploration in animal studies.
Liquid Metal‐Based Conductive Nerve Guidance Conduit Combined With Electrical Stimulation Boosts Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Zhu Yujie , Song Chenchen , Yao Dongdong , Qiao Fangyu , Zou Yang , Lv Yonggang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe combination of nerve guide conduits (NGCs) and electrical stimulation (ES) is an effective treatment for peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Flexible conductive materials with mechanical properties similar to those of biological tissues have been shown to have better long‐term biointegration and functionality than rigid conductive materials. In this study, liquid metal (LM)‐based conductive polycaprolactone/gelatin/polypyrrole/LM (PCL/Gel/PPy/LM, PGPL) NGC was combined with exogenous ES to repair PNI. PGPL membranes had good hydrophilicity, degradability, and mechanical properties, and its conductivity reached 0.66 ± 0.02 S/m. In vitro studies showed that the combination of PGPL membranes and ES (2 Hz, 100 mV/cm, 30 min/d) could significantly increase the expression of neuromarkers and had a better pro‐neural differentiation effect. In vivo studies demonstrated that PGPL NGCs in combination with ES (2 Hz, 200 mV/mm, 30 min/d) could effectively promote morphological reconstruction and functional recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats. At 3 months post‐surgery, PGPL NGCs combined with ES restored the nerve conduction velocity to 73.85% ± 5.45% of the normal value. The LM‐based NGCs prepared in this study could effectively repair long sciatic nerve defects, which may further expand the application of LM in the field of nerve tissue engineering.
A comparative study on antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory activities of fermented whey and soy protein isolates and the release of biofunctional peptides: an in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Vadher Kartikkumar Ramjibhai , Sakure Amar A , Mankad Pooja M , Rawat Anita , Bishnoi Mahendra , Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran , Patel Ashish , Sarkar Preetam , Hati Subrota 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory activities of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (M9) MTCC 25516 during the fermentation of whey and soy protein isolates. It also seeks to characterize protein profiles, identify multifunctional peptides, and assess structural changes using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), two‐dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).ResultsFermentation with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (M9) significantly enhanced antidiabetic activity, with optimal peptide production at a 25 mL L−1 inoculation rate for 48 h at 37 °C. Proteolytic activity reduced inflammatory markers (IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, NO) in RAW 267.4 cells. SDS‐PAGE and 2D gel electrophoresis revealed distinct protein profiles, with 19 and 49 protein spots in whey and soy isolates, respectively. Reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) identified multifunctional peptides, and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed structural changes post‐fermentation. Confocal microscopy further revealed protein modifications.ConclusionFermentation of whey and soy protein isolates with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (M9) enhances antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory properties. Optimal conditions (25 mL L−1 inoculation, 48‐h incubation) improved peptide production, with analytical techniques confirming structural and functional changes. These findings suggest fermented protein isolates could be valuable in functional foods with health benefits. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Unravelling Granulomatous‐Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case of Common Variable Immunodeficiency With Unusual Clinical Features and Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Authors: Pragash Nirosha , Mann Jennifer , Antonov Anton 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGranulomatous‐lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GL‐ILD) is a rare pulmonary complication associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), complicating diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms with other chronic respiratory conditions. This case involves a 33‐year‐old male with a history of sarcoidosis, presenting with recurrent sino‐pulmonary infections, mediastinal and axillary lymphadenopathy, and significant splenomegaly. Despite initial treatment with prednisolone, his symptoms persisted, and FDG‐PET imaging showed metabolic activity in the sinuses and lymph nodes. Immunological assessment revealed markedly reduced immunoglobulin levels, leading to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, which resulted in substantial improvement. A critical learning point is recognising that splenomegaly is commonly associated with CVID, which can aid in distinguishing it from other conditions. This case underscores the importance of considering CVID, with or without GL‐ILD, as a differential diagnosis in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms and granulomatous lung disease, including sarcoidosis. Further research is needed to optimise treatment strategies for this rare condition.
Rapid On‐Site Digital Histopatholocal Evaluation (RODE) on Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) Mediastinal Lymph Node Cryobiopsy Sampling Using Confocal Laser Microscopy—A Proof‐Of‐Concept Study
Authors: Gonuguntla Hari Kishan , Vidyasagar Belgundi Preeti , Shah Milap , Radia Sejal B. , Tripathi Somesh , Poletti Venerino 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe current standard for determining sample adequacy during Endobronchial Ultrasound guided Mediastinal Sampling is ROSE (Rapid on‐site Evaluation) on samples obtained by Fine needle Aspiration. There is an increasing interest in Mediastinal Lymph node cryobiopsy, where tissue samples are obtained using a 1.1 mm cryoprobe. Rapid onsite evaluation on cryobiopsy samples can also be performed by imprint cytology. This proof‐of‐concept study explores the use of Viva Scope 2500 for rapid on‐site digital histopathological evaluation of Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) guided mediastinal lymph node cryobiopsy samples. Confocal Laser Microscopy allows for high‐resolution imaging and expedites diagnosis. The study involved four cases of mediastinal lymph node cryobiopsy, and the samples obtained were subjected to rapid digital histopathological examination by Viva Scope 2500 (confocal laser microscopy), enabling lesion in tool confirmation and the results obtained were compared with the final conventional histopathology results. Confocal Laser microscopy by Viva Scope 2500 was found to be comparable to conventional histopathology, superior to conventional histopathology in providing rapid on‐site diagnosis minimising the time to diagnosis, with added advantage of better sampled tissue preservation for downstream molecular analysis. RODE reduces procedural time and increases confidence in the operator during mediastinal lymph node sampling enabling lesion in tool confirmation. RODE is a better alternative to ROSE and conventional histopathology decreasing the time to diagnosis.