bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstituted in vitro systems to reveal the roles and functions of septins
Authors: Nakazawa Koyomi , Chauvin Brieuc , Mangenot Stéphanie , Bertin Aurélie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Septins are essential cytoskeletal proteins involved in key cellular processes and have also been implicated in diseases from cancers to neurodegenerative pathologies. However, they have not been as thoroughly studied as other cytoskeletal proteins. In vivo, septins interact with other cytoskeletal proteins and with the inner plasma membrane. Hence, bottom-up in vitro cell-free assays are well suited to dissect the roles and behavior of septins in a controlled environment. Specifically, in vitro studies have been invaluable in describing the self-assembly of septins into a large diversity of ultrastructures. Given that septins interact specifically with membrane, the details of these septin–membrane interactions have been analyzed using reconstituted lipid systems. In particular, at a membrane, septins are often localized at curvatures of micrometer scale. In that context, in vitro assays have been performed with substrates of varying curvatures (spheres, cylinders or undulated substrates) to probe the sensitivity of septins to membrane curvature. This Review will first present the structural properties of septins in solution and describe the interplay of septins with cytoskeletal partners. We will then discuss how septins interact with biomimetic membranes and induce their reshaping. Finally, we will highlight the curvature sensitivity of septins and how they alter the mechanical properties of membranes.
The SUN-like protein TgSLP1 is essential for nuclear division in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Wagner Mirjam , Song Yuan , Jiménez-Ruiz Elena , Härtle Sonja , Meissner Markus 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Connections between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton are important for positioning and division of the nucleus. In most eukaryotes, the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex spans the outer and inner nuclear membranes and connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. In opisthokonts, it is composed of Klarsicht, ANC-1 and Syne homology (KASH) domain proteins and Sad1 and UNC-84 (SUN) domain proteins. Given that the nucleus is positioned at the posterior pole of Toxoplasma gondii, we speculated that apicomplexan parasites must have a similar mechanism that integrates the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. Here, we identified three UNC family proteins in the genome of the apicomplexan parasite T. gondii. Whereas the UNC-50 protein TgUNC1 localised to the Golgi and appeared to be not essential for the parasite, the SUN domain protein TgSLP2 showed a diffuse pattern throughout the parasite. The second SUN domain protein, TgSLP1, was expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner and was localised close to the mitotic spindle and, more detailed, at the kinetochore. We demonstrate that conditional knockout of TgSLP1 leads to failure of nuclear division and loss of centrocone integrity.
Characterization of Pik1 function in fission yeast reveals its conserved role in lipid synthesis and not cytokinesis
Authors: Willet Alaina H. , Turner Lesley A. , Park Joshua S. , Ren Liping , Snider Chloe E. , Gould Kathleen L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Phosphatidylinositol (PI)-4-phosphate (PI4P) is a lipid found at the plasma membrane (PM) and Golgi in cells from yeast to humans. PI4P is generated from PI by PI4-kinases and can be converted into PI-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Schizosaccharomyces pombe have two essential PI4-kinases – Stt4 and Pik1. Stt4 localizes to the PM, and its loss from the PM results in a decrease of PM PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. As a result, cells divide non-medially due to disrupted cytokinetic ring–PM anchoring. However, the localization and function of S. pombe Pik1 has not been thoroughly examined. Here, we found that Pik1 localizes exclusively to the trans-Golgi and is required for Golgi PI4P production. We determined that Ncs1 regulates Pik1, but unlike in other organisms, it is not required for Pik1 Golgi localization. When Pik1 function was disrupted, PM PI4P but not PI(4,5)P2 levels were reduced, a major difference compared with Stt4. We conclude that Stt4 is the chief enzyme responsible for producing the PI4P that generates PI(4,5)P2. Also, that cells with disrupted Pik1 do not divide asymmetrically highlights the specific importance of PM PI(4,5)P2 for cytokinetic ring–PM anchoring.
Interspecific Repellent Effect of Hydroalcoholic Solution of Nest Refuse from Two Leaf-cutter Ant Species
Authors: Sousa-Souto Leandro , Ambrogi Bianca Giuliano , Santos Rafaella Santana 
Published: October 2023

Leaf-cutting ants manage their waste continuously to avoid risks of colony contamination. The presence of residues or their odor near foraging areas is enough for ants to stop attacking plant tissues. However, to date, no study has demonstrated an interspecific effect of nest waste on the deterrence of leaf-cutting ants. Here, we tested whether a hydroalcoholic extract of nest refuse (NR) of the leaf-cutting ants Acromyrmex balzani Emery, 1890 and Atta opaciceps Borgmeier (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Attini) causes an interspecific deterrent effect. Field colonies of Ac. balzani (n = 30) and A. opaciceps (n = 36) were used. For each colony, we offered baits made with plastic straws covered by citrus pulp and sprayed with a hydroalcoholic solution of 20% (vol/vol) alcohol/water (Control) or an extract of 20% (vol/vol) of NR from Ac. balzani and/or A. opaciceps. Over 20-30 minutes we recorded the amount of baits removed and data were compared through survival analysis and Linear Mixed Effect (LME) model. Ants avoided collecting baits sprayed with NR resulting in less than 20% of these baits being carried to the nest versus 80% of control baits. The deterrence was both intra and interspecific, considering that the response was similar for baits from both species. Such results reinforce the premise that the presence of nest refuse alters the foraging behavior of ants and paves the way for new studies that can verify its effectiveness in reducing foliar consumption on a larger spatial scale.
Characteristics and risk factors for readmission in HIV-infected patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection
Authors: Shi Minjuan , Qin Yaqin , Chen Shanshan , Wei Wudi , Meng Sirun , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Jinmiao , Li Yueqi , Chen Rongfeng , Su Jinming , Yuan Zongxiang , Wang Gang , Qin Yingmei , Ye Li , Liang Hao , Xie Zhiman , Jiang Junjun 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesTalaromyces marneffei(T.marneffei) is an opportunistic fungal infection (talaromycosis), which is common in subtropical regions and is a leading cause of death in HIV-1-infected patients. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and risk factors associated with hospital readmissions in HIV patients withT.marneffeiinfection in order to reduce readmissions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of admitted HIV-infected individuals at the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China, from 2012 to 2019. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the effects ofT.marneffeiinfection on patient readmissions. Additionally, univariate and multifactorial analyses, as well as Propensity score matching (PSM) were used to analyze the factors associated with patient readmissions.ResultsHIV/AIDS patients withT.marneffei-infected had shorter intervals between admissions and longer lengths of stay than non-T.marneffei-infected patients, despite lower readmission rates. Compared with non-T. marneffei-infected patients, the mortality rate for talaromycosis patients was higher at the first admission. Among HIV/AIDS patients with opportunistic infections, the mortality rate was highest forT.marneffeiat 16.2%, followed by cryptococcus at 12.5%. However, the readmission rate was highest for cryptococcus infection (37.5%) and lowest forT.marneffei(10.8%). PSM and Logistic regression analysis identified leukopenia and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as key factors inT.marneffei-infected patients hospital readmissions.ConclusionsThe first admission represents a critical window to intervene in the prognosis of patients withT.marneffeiinfection. Leukopenia and elevated LDL may be potential risk factors impacting readmissions. Our findings provide scientific evidence to improve the long-term outcomes of HIV patients withT.marneffeiinfection.
Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health interventions in improving non-communicable disease management during the pandemic in rural Pakistan
Authors: Wei Xiaolin , Khan Nida , Durrani Hammad , Muzaffar Naila , Haldane Victoria , Walley John D. , Thorpe Kevin , Ge Erjia , Ge Shiliang , Dodd Warren , Wallace James , Aslanyan Garry , Laporte Audrey , Khan Muhammad Amir 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in global health systems, especially in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence shows that patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffering direct and indirect health consequences. Considering the future challenges such as environmental disasters and pandemics to the LMICs health systems, digital health interventions (DHI) are well poised to strengthen health care resilience. This study aims to implement and evaluate a comprehensive package of DHIs of integrated COVID-NCD care to manage NCDs in primary care facilities in rural Pakistan.MethodsThe study is designed as a pragmatic, parallel two-arm, multi-centre, mix-methods cluster randomised controlled trial. We will randomise 30 primary care facilities in three districts of Punjab, where basic hypertension and diabetes diagnosis and treatment are provided, with a ratio of 1:1 between intervention and control. In each facility, we will recruit 50 patients who have uncontrolled hypertension. The intervention arm will receive training on an integrated COVID-NCD guideline, and will use a smartphone app-based telemedicine platform where patients can communicate with health providers and peer-supporters, along with a remote training and supervision system. Usual care will be provided in the control arm. Patients will be followed up for 10 months. Our primary indicator is systolic blood pressure measured at 10 months. A process evaluation guided by implementation science frameworks will be conducted to explore implementation questions. A cost-effectiveness evaluation will be conducted to inform future scale up in Pakistan and other LMICs.DiscussionOur study is one of the first randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of DHIs to manage NCDs to strengthen health system resilience in LMICs. We will also evaluate the implementation process and cost-effectiveness to inform future scale-up in similar resource constrained settings.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier—NCT05699369.
Metabolic and mitochondrial dysregulation in CD4+ T cells from HIV-positive women on combination anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: Akiso Matrona , Ameka Magdalene , Naidoo Kewreshini , Langat Robert , Kombo Janet , Sikuku Delories , Ndung’u Thumbi , Altfeld Marcus , Anzala Omu , Mureithi Marianne 
Published: October 2023

Background
For optimal functionality, immune cells require a robust and adaptable metabolic program that is fueled by dynamic mitochondrial activity. In this study, we investigate the metabolic alterations occurring in immune cells during HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy by analyzing the uptake of metabolic substrates and mitochondrial phenotypes. By delineating changes in immune cell metabolic programming during HIV, we may identify novel potential therapeutic targets to improve anti-viral immune responses.

Methods
After consent and voluntary participation was confirmed, whole blood was drawn from HIV uninfected women and women with chronic HIV infection on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (HIV/cART). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived immune cells were directly incubated with different fluorescently tagged metabolites and markers of mitochondrial activity: FITC-2-NBDG (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose), FITC-BODIPY (4,4-Difluoro-5,7-Dimethyl-4-Bora-3a,4a-Diaza-s-Indacene-3-Hexadecanoic Acid), FITC-MitoTracker Green and APC-MitoTracker Deep Red. The uptake of glucose and fats and the mitochondrial mass and potential were measured using flow cytometry. All values are reported quantitatively as geometric means of fluorescence intensity.

Results
During chronic HIV infection, cellular uptake of glucose increases in HIV+ dendritic cells in particular. CD4+ T cells had the lowest uptake of glucose and fats compared to all other cells regardless of HIV status, while CD8+ T cells took up more fatty acids. Interestingly, despite the lower utilization of glucose and fats in CD4+ T cells, mitochondrial mass increased in HIV+ CD4+ T cells compared to HIV negative CD4+ T-cells. HIV+ CD4+ T cells also had the highest mitochondrial potential.

Conclusions
Significant disparities in the utilization of substrates by leukocytes during chronic HIV/cART exist. Innate immune cells increased utilization of sugars and fats while adaptive immune cells displayed lower glucose and fat utilization despite having a higher mitochondrial activity. Our findings suggest that cART treated HIV-infected CD4+ T cells be dysfunctional or may prefer alternative fuel sources not included in these studies. This underscores the importance of understanding the metabolic effects of HIV treatment on immune function.
A predictive and prognostic model for surgical outcome and prognosis in ovarian cancer computed by clinico-pathological and serological parameters (CA125, HE4, mesothelin)
Authors: Klotz Daniel Martin , Link Theresa , Wimberger Pauline , Kuhlmann Jan Dominik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Numerous prognostic models have been proposed for ovarian cancer, extending from single serological factors to complex gene-expression signatures. Nonetheless, these models have not been routinely translated into clinical practice. We constructed a robust and readily calculable model for predicting surgical outcome and prognosis of ovarian cancer patients by exploiting commonly available clinico-pathological factors and three selected serum parameters.

Methods
Serum CA125, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and mesothelin (MSL) were quantified by Lumipulse® G chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (Fujirebio) in a total of 342 serum samples from 190 ovarian cancer patients, including 152 paired pre- and post-operative samples.

Results
Detection of pre-operative HE4 and CA125 was the optimal marker combination for blood-based prediction of surgical outcome (AUC=0.86). We constructed a prognostic model, computed by serum levels of pre-operative CA125, post-operative HE4, post-operative MSL and surgical outcome. Prognostic performance of our model was superior to any of these parameters alone and was independent from BRCA1/2 mutational status. We subsequently transformed our model into a prognostic risk index, stratifying patients as “lower risk” or “higher risk”. In “higher risk” patients, relapse or death was predicted with an AUC of 0.89 and they had a significantly shorter progression free survival (HR: 9.74; 95 % CI: 5.95–15.93; p<0.0001) and overall survival (HR: 5.62; 95 % CI: 3.16–9.99; p<0.0001) compared to “lower risk” patients.

Conclusions
We present a robust predictive/prognostic model for ovarian cancer, which could readily be implemented into routine diagnostics in order to identify ovarian cancer patients at high risk of recurrence.
Vaccine Mandates and Influenza Vaccination During the Pandemic
Authors: Abraham Claire , Garabedian Laura F. , LeCates Robert F. , Galbraith Alison A. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether a state influenza vaccine mandate and elevated community coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity affected a child’s probability of receiving an influenza vaccine during the 2020–2021 influenza season, given the child’s previous vaccination history.

METHODS
Longitudinal cohort study using enrollment and claims data of 71 333 children aged 6 months to 18 years living in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine, from a regional insurer. Schoolchildren in Massachusetts were exposed to a new influenza vaccine mandate in the 2020–2021 season. Community COVID-19 severity was measured using county-level total cumulative confirmed case counts between March 2020 and August 2020 and linked by zip codes. The primary outcome of interest was a claim for any influenza vaccine in the 2020–2021 season.

RESULTS
Children living in a state with a vaccine mandate during the 2020–2021 influenza season had a higher predicted probability of receiving an influenza vaccine than those living in states without a mandate (47.7%, confidence interval 46.4%–49.0%, vs 21.2%, confidence interval 18.8%–23.6%, respectively, for previous nonvaccinators, and 78.2%, confidence interval 77.4%–79.0%, vs 58.2%, confidence interval 54.7%–61.7%, for previous vaccinators); the difference was 6.5 percentage points greater among previous nonvaccinators (confidence interval 1.3%–11.7%). Previously vaccinated children had a lower predicted probability of receiving an influenza vaccine if they lived in a county with the highest COVID-19 severity compared with a county with low COVID-19 severity (72.1%, confidence interval 70.5%–73.7%, vs 77.3%, confidence interval 74.7%–79.9%).

CONCLUSIONS
Strategies to improve uptake of influenza vaccination may have differential impact based on previous vaccination status and should account for community factors.
Irresolution as Historical Practice and the Case of the Unnamed Woman in Timnah
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article is an experiment with irresolution as methodology in historical re-presentation. The focus is identity irresolution in Timnah, an Iron Age site in the Shephelah of the southern Levant. In biblical narrative, Timnah is brought to life in the stories of an unnamed woman in Judg 14–15. In archaeology, the site has been identified with Tel Batash (Tell el-Batashi in Arabic). The purpose of this article is twofold: to write a counterhistory of the unnamed woman that emphasizes the mystery of her identity and to articulate how irresolution can expand the scope of the historical practice in biblical studies. After an introduction and a discussion of irresolution as methodology, I offer a deep reading and re-presentation of the textual evidence, followed by an examination of the archaeological interpretations at Tel Batash. I conclude by considering the ethics of history writing in biblical studies.
John 21:15–19 as a Prophetic Succession: A Reading in Light of 2 Kings 2:1–18
Authors: Klem Matthew J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores meanings floating in the space between John 21:15–19 and 2 Kgs 2:1–18. Against the background of Kings, the threefold conversation between Jesus and Peter in John 21 functions as a loyalty test in a prophetic succession—Jesus passes on his prophetic role to Peter after the pattern of Elijah and Elisha. Against the background of the gospel, the threefold conversation between Elijah and Elisha in 2 Kgs 2 functions as a restoration, which suggests that Elisha may be the unnamed prophet in 1 Kgs 19:3. These experimental intertextual readings provoke a reassessment of prophecy in the gospel, provide interpretive insights into the Farewell Discourse (John 13–17), and open up a metaleptic possibility: reading the gospel might be like coming upon the cloak of Elijah along the riverbank, freshly fallen from heaven, and hearing the invitation to pick it up and strike the water.
Wavefield Modeling and Analysis of Lightning Quakes Measured by a Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array
Authors: Roth Nolan , Zhu Tieyuan , Czarny Rafal , Gao Yongxin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Lightning-induced seismic waves, termed “lightning quakes,” are frequent natural sources in many storm-prone regions. Lightning quakes have been clearly observed in numerous environments by both seismic and acoustic instruments, for example, by distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array. Despite these numerous observations, the physical nature of lightning quake wavefields detected by ground-based arrays remains poorly understood. The possibility of electroseismic (ES) conversion due to lightning’s powerful electromagnetic fields was, until now, unstudied. This investigation uses 3D numerical simulations of acoustic-to-seismic and ES wavefields alongside a novel data-driven azimuthal strain-rate variation analysis technique to robustly reveal the complex nature of lightning quakes. We show that lightning quakes begin as airborne acoustic waves before coupling with the solid earth as air-coupled Rayleigh waves and Love waves that are generated by local sources near the receiver, such as topography or urban infrastructure. These conclusions suggest thunder observations from a DAS array can be used to infer the structure of the near surface around the receiver, but care needs to be taken in understanding the role of local sources. An estimate of the Rayleigh- and Love-wave phase velocities is produced using a novel data analysis method unique to DAS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that electroseismic coupling does not play a significant role in the lightning quake wavefields. Although these simulations do not fully capture the realistic frequency of the electroseismic coupled wavefield, theory suggests that the wavefield is high frequency and thus quickly attenuated in the saturated near-surface soils. Electroseismic coupled wavefields from lightning may be detectable very close to the bolt.
Investigating the Role of Fluids in the Source Parameters of the 2013–2014 Mw 5 Matese Seismic Sequence, Southern Italy
Authors: Calderoni Giovanna , Improta Luigi , Di Giovambattista Rita 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the variability of Brune stress drop (Δσ), apparent stress (τa), and Savage–Wood radiation efficiency (ηsw=τa/Δσ), in the 2013–2014 Mw 5.0 earthquake sequence that struck the Matese area in the southern Apennines range of Italy. The sequence is clustered in a relatively small crustal volume in the 13–22 km depth range, which is greater than that of background seismicity and normal-faulting sequences that occurred under the range axis, usually located in the first 15 km of the crust. We find high Savage–Wood radiation efficiency values for most of the analyzed earthquakes located in a narrow crustal volume, with values ranging from well above the self-similarity value to very high values as high as 0.55. In addition, a large variability in radiation efficiency (up to 90%) is observed for two similar magnitude events at different depths. Previous studies reported seismic evidence of fluid involvement in the nucleation process of the Matese earthquakes. By integrating our results with crustal geophysical data published recently, we propose that most of the earthquakes characterized by high values of ηsw are nucleated within high pore pressure zones located in the crystalline midcrust of Adria. We reckon that high pore pressure fluids of deep origin played a role in the rupture process and were responsible for the mixed shear-tensile sources inferred from the analysis of the S-wave/P-wave spectral amplitude ratio for most of 2013–2014 earthquakes.