bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing older people's self reported use of dental services in the UK
Authors: McGrath Colman , Bedi Raman , Dhawan Niharika 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectives: This study was designed to determine the use of dental services and factors associated with their use among the United Kingdoms' older population.Design: A national study involving 1,116 older people (aged 60 or older).Setting: Home Interview s were undertaken exploring the time and reason for last dental visit. In addition, socio‐demographic characteristics and proxy oral health measures (self‐reported number of teeth and edentulous status) of the respondents were collected.Results: Forty seven percent (528) claimed they visited the dentist within the past year, 10% (116) claimed that the reason for their last visit was because of a dental emergency, 43% (484) were classified as “regular attenders” ‐ having attended the dentist within the past year for a non dental emergency. Bivariate analysis identified that regular dental attendance was associated with age (P<0.01), social class (P<0.01), income level (P<0.01), educational attainment (P<0.01), self‐reported number of teeth possessed (P<0.01) and edentulous status (P<0.01). In regression analysis, self reported edentulous status and number of teeth possessed emerged as the most important factors in determining service utilisation. Possessing a full denture was associated with a 6‐fold decrease, having accounted for other factors, in the likelihood of attending the dentist within the past year for a non dental‐emergency (OR=0.15, CI 0.10,0.21).Conclusion: Less than half of the sample population were “regular dental attenders”, their attendance was associated with a number of socio‐demographic and oral health factors. In particular, edentulous state was a major factor associated with their use of services.
The oral health of older people from minority ethnic communities in South East England
Authors: Newton JT , Gibbons DE , Gelbier S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectives: To describe the clinical health status and subjective oral health status of older adults from minority ethnic communities resident in South East England.Design: Cross sectional survey incorporating a clinical examination and a questionnaire assessment of subjective oral health status.Setting: Community groups working with individuals from minority ethnic communities.Subjects: A total of 540 individuals from 7 minority ethnic communities.Measures: Clinical assessment of oral health status using BASCD criteria. Assessment of oral symptoms and impact experienced together with satisfaction with oral status, by structured questionnaire.Results: On all measures of clinical health status the participants were healthier than a comparison group based on data from the Adult Dental Health Survey. The participants expressed high levels of subjective oral symptoms. Levels of satisfaction were lower than those found in the Adult Dental Health Survey. There was evidence of some variation across minority ethnic communities in clinical and subjective oral health status.Conclusions: Approximately 20% of the 540 adults from minority ethnic communities resident in the South East of England surveyed were relatively fit orally. They experienced a great many oral symptoms, and in approximately 30% of individuals these were sufficient to interfere with their quality of life.Ethical approval: The research described in this paper was approved by the Ethics committee of King's College London.
Efficacy of antifungal agents in tissue conditioners in treating candidiasis
Authors: Chow C K W , Matear D W , Lawrence H P 
Published: January 2004

AbstractChronic atrophic candidiasis is prevalent in up to 72% of institutionalized geriatric populations and is causally associated with Candida albicans. Topical antifungal treatments are difficult to implement in some geriatric patients due to cognitive impairment, reduced motor dexterity and memory loss.Objective: This in vitro study incorporated antifungal agents into tissue conditioners to investigate the effectiveness of this method of drug delivery.Design: Combinations of nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole and Coe Soft, Viscogel, Fitt were tested at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11wt/wt%, with and without sterilized saliva. 6 mm diameter cores were punched in Sabouraud plates pre‐grown with standardized C. albicans. Antifungal agents plus tissue conditioner mixtures were injected into each core. Inhibition diameters were measured for 14 days.Results: Cores with only tissue conditioners acted as negative control and showed no significant inhibition activity (ANOVA, p>0.05). Peak activity was between 65 to 89 hours; followed by a plateau. Itraconazole had greater fungicidal activity than fluconazole; while nystatin was found to have the least fungicidal activity (ANOVA. p<0.05). The most effective concentration for nearly all combinations was 5%wt/wt (ANOVA, p<0.05). Specimens with saliva showed greater antifungal activity than those without (t‐test. p<0.001). Itraconazole altered the physical properties of Viscogel hence this combination is not recommended for clinical use.Conclusion: The treatment of chronic atrophic candidiasis by incorporation of antifungal drugs into tissue conditioners is efficacious. 5% wt/wt itraconazole mixed with Coe Soft or Fitt is recommended for clinical study where compliance of patient or care giver cannot be relied upon. Peak antifungal activity at 3 days suggests that mixtures prepared for clinical study may be replaced soon after this time for maximum effectiveness.
Bitter taste thresholds, numbers and diameters of circumvallate papillae and their relation with age in a Turkish population
Authors: Mavi A , Ceyhan O 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectives: This study analyses the relationship between the sense of bitter taste and age. The relationships between these and the numbers and diameters of Circumvallate Papillae (CP) are also analysed.Subjects: Twenty‐four elderly subjects (from 65 to 85 years) and 30 young subjects (from 17 to 25 years) were studied.Method: Bitter taste thresholds were determined by the three drop method with an ascending series of concentrations. The numbers and diameters of CP were observed by direct naked eye observation using a wooden tongue depressor, a gauge and a light source.Results: The bitter taste acuity was significantly poorer in the older sample. There was no relationship between the bitter taste acuity and number of papillae but an inverse relationship was observed between the bitter taste acuity and diameters of papillae, thus lower acuity was associated with larger papillae. It was also observed that the diameters of papillae were inversely related to the numbers of CP. The distribution of numbers and diameters of CP were not significantly different between these samples with age.
Geriatric Dentistry in the Next Millennium: Opportunities for Leadership in Oral Health*
Authors: Niessen Linda C. 
Published: January 2004

Abstract “The twentieth century will be remembered chiefly, not as an age of political conflicts and technical inventions, but as an age in which human society dared to think of the health of the whole human race as a practical objective.” Arnold Toynbee, British historianIndividuals throughout the world often view the passage of a new year as a time for re‐evaluation of personal and/or professionals goals. The new millennium offers the dental profession a chance to view the future and observe the challenges and opportunities facing it.Professor Toynbee's observation is particularly poignant when one considers the improvements in oral health made in the last 100 years. Caries, once considered a ubiquitous oral disease, has been prevented in some children in developed countries. Research on periodontal disease continues to identify risk factors and the pathobiological mechanisms underlying the disease. Concurrently the population of the world is aging presenting new opportunities for improving oral health.In this paper the data on aging, chronic diseases and oral health is largely from the US but reflects to varying degrees other industrial countries. By integrating these demographic, epidemiologic and biologic data, one can paint a portrait of the future dental patient and their oral health needs. From this portrait, dental professionals can identify leadership opportunities to improve the oral health of an aging world population.
Conducting geriatric dental research with cognitively impaired adults
Authors: Chalmers Jane M 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA growth in research focusing on the oral health of older adults has been evident in recent years. However, there are new and complex challenges for geriatric dental researchers studying the increasingly functionally dependent and cognitively impaired older adult population. Many geriatric dental studies have underreported oral disease prevalence and incidence by excluding adults who are cognitively impaired and/or behaviourally difficult. To ensure representative samples of older adult populations are studied, traditional oral epidemiological protocols in studies with cognitively impaired adults, require additional components detailing: (1) communication and behaviour management strategies for cognitively impaired adults; and (2) methodologies to facilitate the completion of dental examinations. A description of such additional protocol components is presented, along with a discussion of the use of cognitive testing tools by dental researchers.
Food choice by older people: the use of semi‐structured interviews with open and closed questions
Authors: Millwood Joanna , Heath M Robin 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective: To evaluate difficulty chewing, consequent food choice and impacts using both open and closed questions within a semi‐structured interview format.Design: A cross‐sectional study using a semi‐structured interview (SSI) with open and closed questions Setting: Independently living people in South‐West London interviewed in their own homes Subjects: A group of 54, edentate people (mean age 82, R= 60‐93 years) were studied.Results: Most subjects (69%) expressed difficulty eating at least one type of food, half were unwilling to eat the foods they found difficult, others were conscious of cooking longer or cutting smaller in order to manage these foods, although no one accepted that they overcooked food. There were dramatic differences in the number of subjects expressing difficulty to chew various foods when responding to open and closed questions. Roast beef proved a good discriminator in this group of predominantly English subjects. The importance of the questioning process was also shown by the discrepancy of responses between variously prepared apples and the inability of any subjects to bite an unpeeled apple.Conclusions: For sensitive appraisal of food choice it is obviously essential to assess relevant foods, for the culture of the group being studied. Open questions provide a way of exploring which are the appropriate foods and food preparation as criteria to assess perceived chewing ability and treatment benefit. The semi‐structured interview method is particularly valuable for the study of older people. Closed questions provide different information which is also necessary to secure recall by older people.
Oral health care among nursing home residents in Avon
Authors: Frenkel Heather , Harvey Ian , Newcombe Robert G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective: To assess personal oral health care standards among frail, elderly and infirm nursing home residents prior to developing and evaluating a health promotion intervention.Design: Descriptive survey, interview and clinical data.Setting: 22 randomly selected nursing homes in the Bristol area.Method: 412 residents with denture(s) and/or natural teeth, and giving informed consent to the study were interviewed about dental attendance and current dental problems. A clinical examination assessed levels of oral and denture hygiene, denture‐related stomatitis, gingivitis, calculus and root caries.Results: Less than half the subjects (mean age 84.5 years) were ambulant. Over 70% had not seen a dentist for over 5 years, and 22% reported a current dental problem. Among denture wearers, 82% were unable to clean their dentures; staff cleaned dentures for 64%. Denture‐related stomatitis affected 33%, and unhygienic dentures were worn by 95% of subjects. Among dentate subjects (mean number of teeth 11.6), 75% were unable to clean their teeth yet none received regular assistance. On average, two‐thirds of each tooth surface were covered in plaque. Gingivitis was moderately severe. Calculus was present in 82% of subjects and root caries in 63% of subjects.Conclusions: Most residents required help with oral health care but many did not receive it. Residents' levels of plaque and associated dental disease were high. Staff did not effectively perform oral health care appropriate to residents' needs. Further research to evaluate an oral health care training programme for care staff is planned.
Amalgam fillings and cognitive abilities in a representative sample of the elderly population
Authors: Nitschke I. , Müller F. , Smith J. , Hopfenmüller W. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectives: The ongoing controversial discussion about a possible negative effect of amalgam fillings on the cognitive abilities and the pathogenesis dementia was the objective of the present study.Sample: A total of 300 patients aged from 70 to 103 years were selected from the multidisciplinary ‘Berlin Aging Study’ (Base). The sample was heterogeneous concerning lifestyle, education and social prestige. According to their dental state subjects were allocated into three groups: edentate ≥20 years (I) and residual teeth without (II) or with (III) amalgam restorations. All groups were matched for age and gender.Design: Dental examinations and various psychiatric as well as psychological assessments were carried out by professionals within the protocol of the BASE. Tests were chosen to reveal the presence and degree of dementia and assess cognitive abilities such as ‘perceptual speed’, ‘reasoning’, ‘memory’, ‘fluency’ and ‘knowledge’.Results: The present findings negate a correlation between the dental state and the pathogenesis of dementia and the physiological age‐related decline in cognitive abilities. Thus the presence of amalgam fillings did neither correlate to a demented mental condition nor an impaired cognitive performance.
Success of dental implants in elderly people ‐ A literature review
Authors: de Baat C 
Published: January 2004

AbstractImplant‐supported dentures seem particularly appropriate for the predicament of being elderly and becoming edentulous. The aim of this article was to review the literature on success of dental implants in elderly people. The results of two studies suggested that the treatment with implants can be considered safe and predictable for older as well as for younger patients. Three studies found no increased implant failure‐rate in patients with a compromised medical status. Four studies revealed high success‐rates of dental implants among groups of elderly people. Within the limitations of this review of the literature it can be concluded that old age does not seem to represent a factor of major prognostic significance in treatment with dental implants.
Palliative care dentistry
Authors: Wiseman M A 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe importance of dental care is often overlooked due to the omission of the dentist as a member of the palliative care team. However, many terminal patients exhibit oral difficulties that affect their quality of life. Palliative care dentists must exhibit empathy and compassion, and must be excellent communicators Dentists can play an important role in alleviating both the physical and psychological pain of dying. This paper describes the role of dentistry in palliative care.
Patterns of dental caries and treatment experience in elderly Lithuanians
Authors: Aleksejuniene J. , Holst D. , Eriksen H. M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to evaluate patterns of caries experience in a representative sample of Lithuanians, aged 65‐74.Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 301 participants (response rate 54%). Information was obtained from a clinical examination (caries experience, stimulated salivary flow rates and oral hygiene levels) and a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised questions about oral, general, physical, mental and social health and about background, knowledge, attitudes and lifestyle. The study had a multidimensional approach to negative consequences of disease and positive aspects of health. For bivariate testing, t‐test, ANOVA and Spearman's correlation were used. Factor analysis was combined with linear multiple regression for a multivariate study of caries experience patterns.Results: Elderly Lithuanians were found to have lower levels of edentulousness (range 11‐15%) than elderly people in other European countries. The mean number of missing teeth was also lower than in any of the neighbouring countries. A comparison of dentate and edentulous groups did not show any major differences. Those who reported that they had general disease had higher levels of oral health maintenance. In dentate elderly, caries experience differed according to place of residence, fluoride content in the drinking water, socio‐economic status, gender, lifestyle, and many other factors. The multivariate approach explained 52%. 61% and 55% of the variation in the number of filled or sound teeth (FS‐T), delayed (DT) and missing teeth (MT) respectively.Conclusion: Levels of oral health maintenance and caries experience show substantial variation among elderly Lithuanians, according to many health‐related characteristics. These elderly people require appropriate oral care, just as much as people in other population sub‐groups.
Number of teeth and risk of root caries
Authors: Nicolau Belinda , Srisilapana Patcharawan , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective: This study aimed to investigate the association between number of natural teeth and prevalence of root caries.Design: A cross‐sectional design was adopted. A stratified multi‐stage purposive sampling method was used to select a wide range of elderly people from all social classes, educational levels and sexes. Data was collected through interviews and clinical examinations.Setting: Urban area in Chiang Mai‐Thailand.Participants: 549 elderly dentate aged 60‐74 years.Main Outcome Measures: Teeth with decay and filled roots (DF‐T).Results: The prevalence of root caries was 18.2% with a mean DF‐T of 0.58 (S.D. 2.02). Results of multiple logistic regression showed that number of teeth, DMF‐S scores, sex, and socio economic factors were statistically significantly associated with root caries (P<0.05). Adjusted odds ratios demonstrated a 14% increase in the chance of having root caries when the number of teeth increased one unit. Similarly, a 3% increase was observed for each unit increase in the DMF‐S scores (p<0.001). Being male, having more than four years of education and earning more than 1500 baht/month increased the chances of root caries by 76%, 139% and 85% respectively (p<0.001). Recession and age were not statistically significantly associated with root caries.Conclusions: Having more teeth, higher DMF‐S scores, earning more than 1500 baht/month, having more than 4 years of education and being male increased the likelihood of having root caries.
Factors associated with dental anxiety among older people in Britain
Authors: Bedi Raman , McGrath Colman 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjective: This paper reports on a study of denial anxiety among adults aged 60 years living independently in Britain.Design: A national cross‐sectional study carried out with the assistance of the Office for National Statistics' Omnibus Surveys in 1999.Setting: Data was collected by face to face interviews with older people in their homes Measurements: Data on dental anxiety were collected from 973 subjects by means of face to face interviews and was measured by the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) (Corah, 1969). In addition, data on dental service use and oral health status (self‐reported) was collected.Results: The mean DAS score was 8.4 (sd 3.5), and 13% (129) of subjects were classified as dentally anxious (DAS ≥ 13). DAS scores were associated with numerous socio‐demographic factors (P<0.01), self‐reported oral health status (P<0.01) and dental service (P<0.01) factors. A series of regression analyses revealed that dental anxiety was a significant predictor of a number of behavioural and oral health outcomes.Conclusion: One in eight older people in Britain are dentally anxious and this is associated with their use of services and oral health status (self‐reported).
Significance of saliva for the denture‐wearing population
Authors: Niedermeier W. , Huber M. , Fischer D. , Beier K. , Müller N. , Schuler R. , Brinninger A. , Fartasch M. , Diepgen Th. , Matthaeus C. , Meyer C. , Hector M.P. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis paper summarises a series of studies already published in German and presents new data related to the aetiology of the dry mouth' and its associated problems.Aims: to study factors affecting mucous and serous salivary gland secretion, the aetiology of the ‘dry mouth’ and its associated problems, causative factors for hyposalivation and it's treatment Setting: two university dental hospitals.Subjects: 587 denture wearers and 521 control subjects, and autopsy material Interventions: exercise, chewing, water, oestrogen, pilocarpine, and anetholtrithion theiapy, biopsy of the minor glands Main outcome measures: Palatal secretion (PAL, μL/cm2/min) and parotid salivary flow (PAR), subjective complaints and clinical findings.Results: resting flow rates for PAL between 0 and 65 μl/cm2/min were seen in every age group. The flow rates of PAR (0 to 3.7 ml/10 min) were not correlated with PAL. Most patients with a resting flow rate of PAL≤6.0 μl/cm2 suffer from a ‘dry mouth’ and Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) or oral dysaesthesia (OD) with or without chronic lesions of the oral mucosa. Etiological factors for the incidence of reduced PAL and associated problems include xerostomic drugs, oestrogen deficiency, ladiotherapy, thyroid dysfunction, smoking or continuous wearing of complete upper dentures. PAL also correlated with the retention of upper complete dentures. PAL was correlated with the water content of epithelial tissues. PAL and PAR were both increased by drinking ample fluid, improving their circulation by physical exercises, chewing intensively, or taking oestrogens, pilocarpine, anetholtrithion.Conclusions: Variation in palatal salivary secretion occurs and is clinically important.
Attitudes to oral care among caregivers in Japanese nursing homes
Authors: Sumi Y , Nakamura Y , Nagaosa S , Michiwaki Y , Nagaya M 
Published: January 2004

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study is to investigate oral care practice and awareness of it among caregivers in Japanese nursing homes.Methods:Caregivers were surveyed by means of a self‐administered questionnaire designed to elicit the following information: awareness of oral care, its importance, the burden involved in oral care, and systemization of oral care.Results:The results showed that most caregivers are adequately informed of the importance of oral care, but are inadequately educated in oral care and have little training in systematic oral care.Conclusion:The importance of providing appropriate and systematic oral care training must be stressed among caregivers along with the need to develop equipment to simplify and support oral care.