bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphate source, rate and cadmium content and use of Penicillium bilaii on phosphorus, zinc and cadmium concentration in durum wheat grain
Authors: Grant C A , Bailey L D , Harapiak J T , Flore N A 
Published: October 2002

AbstractField studies were conducted over 3 years at several locations in Alberta and Manitoba, Canada to evaluate the impact of phosphate fertiliser containing varying concentrations of Cd on grain yield and P, Zn and Cd concentration in durum wheat grain. The effect of a seed treatment with Penicillium bilaii, a phosphate‐solubilising fungus, was also examined. P bilaii had little effect on crop yield, nutrient concentration or the concentration of Cd in the grain under the conditions of this study. Fertilisation with monoammonium phosphate consistently increased Cd concentration and Cd/Zn ratio and decreased Zn concentration in durum wheat. Increases in Cd concentration in durum wheat were unrelated to Cd concentration in the fertiliser, although the concentration of Cd in the fertiliser sources varied from 0.2 to 186.0 µg g−1. Increased Cd concentration with phosphate application may be related to high ionic strength, reduced pH and enhanced root proliferation in the microregion around the fertiliser granules. Enhanced root development in response to phosphate fertilisation may increase the accumulation of Cd. Reduction in Zn accumulation associated with phosphate application may also contribute to the increase in Cd concentration in durum grain, possibly through enhancement of Cd translocation to the grain. While reduction in Cd concentration in phosphate fertilisers will reduce long‐term Cd accumulation in soils, use of low‐Cd fertiliser at commercially practical levels of fertilisation is unlikely to reduce Cd concentration in durum wheat in the year of application.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Emulsifying properties of soy protein isolates obtained by microfiltration
Authors: Chove Bernard E , Grandison Alistair S , Lewis Michael J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSoy protein isolate (SPI) fractions were produced using two different pore size microfiltration membranes. Microfiltration was carried out on SPI produced by isoelectric precipitation of a crude protein extract. Five fractions were obtained: two retentates and two permeates from the two membranes plus an intermediate fraction obtained as the retentate on the small‐pore‐size membrane using the permeate from the larger‐pore‐size membrane. Emulsions stabilised by the retentate fractions exhibited higher values (P < 0.01) of emulsion stability index (ESI) and emulsifying activity index (EAI) than those stabilised with fractions made from the permeates. The intermediate fraction gave intermediate ESI values, while the EAI values were not significantly different from those for SPI and one of the retentates. SDS‐PAGE profiles indicated that the fractions exhibiting high functionality in terms of ESI and EAI were also richer in 7S globulin soy protein subunits.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Addition of sardine to hake minces and subsequent effect on dimethylamine and formaldehyde formation
Authors: Tejada Margarita , Mohamed Gamal Fouad , Huidobro Almudena 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFormaldehyde formation and reaction with muscle proteins in lean fish species during frozen storage is considered to be a major factor affecting texture and functionality deterioration. Formaldehyde formation and reaction with muscle compounds was reduced in lean fish minces and model systems when lipids with different degrees of oxidation were added. In order to increase the lipid content and slow down functional and textural changes, hake (Merluccius merluccius) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus) minces mixed in the ratios 3:1; 1:1 and 1:3 (w/w) were stored at −20 °C and studied for 1 year. Dimethylamine formation and, by deduction, formaldehyde formation increased. However, less free formaldehyde was detected, probably owing to reaction with muscle compounds in the mixed minces. Nevertheless, addition of sardine minces improved the texture, protein solubility and viscosity of the mixed minces compared with the hake minces. In the mixed lots, formation of large protein aggregates was delayed or prevented. This suggests that in the mixed minces formaldehyde reacted with proteins in a different way from that in lean fish or reacted with other muscle components not directly involved in textural changes.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of powdered vegetable coagulant in the manufacture of ewe's milk cheeses
Authors: Fernández‐Salguero José , Tejada Luis , Gómez Rafael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA powdered vegetable coagulant obtained from the cardoon Cynara cardunculus and characterised as free of viable micro‐organisms, soluble and stable without the need for preservatives was evaluated, and compared with crude aqueous extract, in batches of Los Pedroches cheese, by determining various chemical, biochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters. Parameters were monitored over 3 months of ripening. High casein hydrolysis was observed after 2 days of ripening. The soluble nitrogen values reached at the end of ripening were over 34% of the total nitrogen in cheeses produced with both types of coagulant. For most parameters studied, no differences were observed between the two types of coagulant, although higher counts were observed for some microbiological groups in cheeses produced with crude aqueous extracts. The sensory quality of cheeses was practically identical with both types of coagulant.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of pre‐fermentative practices on the dominance of inoculated yeast starter under industrial conditions
Authors: Ciani Maurizio , Pepe Vincenzo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe influence of pre‐fermentative practices on the growth dynamics of a ‘natural’ starter culture with specific phenotype (H2S−) concurrently with wild yeast populations was evaluated under winery conditions. Different clarification procedures and added SO2 strongly influenced species and cell numbers isolable at the pre‐fermentation stage. Independent treatments of must with sulphite addition or vacuum‐filtering clarification caused a 30‐fold reduction in viable cells. Clarification procedures, enhanced by the selective effect of SO2 addition, induced the appearance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ‘wild’ yeasts. Correct application of the inoculum generally guarantees the dominance of fermentation by starter cultures. However, inoculated fermentations using unclarified white and red musts exhibited a consistent presence and persistence of non‐Saccharomyces and/or Saccharomyces ‘wild’ yeasts during fermentation. The extent and composition of the initial wild microflora at the start of fermentation may affect the presence and persistence of wild Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts during guided fermentations under commercial conditions. The above findings confirm the results of previous works carried out at laboratory‐ or pilot‐scale level. Furthermore, they suggest a clear correlation between the modality of pre‐fermentative practices and the presence and persistence of ‘wild’ yeasts during fermentation.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of different protein sources for aquafeeds by an optimised pH‐stat system
Authors: Alarcón Francisco J , Moyano Francisco J , Díaz Manuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the results of some experiments oriented to optimise and standardise the measurement of protein hydrolysis by fish proteases using the pH‐stat technique. Various factors affecting the degree of hydrolysis (DH) were considered (autohydrolysis of the protein sources, type of enzymes utilised, substrate/enzyme ratio and effect of inhibitors). The crude extracts obtained from fish digestive tissues showed their suitability for the determination of protein hydrolysis, rendering better results than those obtained using mixtures of commercial enzymes. DH values for a given protein were greatly affected by the substrate/enzyme ratio, since small modifications in protein concentration resulted in significant variations in DH. Protease inhibitors present in various plant protein sources produced a reduction in DH values.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimation of the nitrogen requirement of winter wheat in the UK: a multiple regression approach
Authors: Goodlass Gillian , Sylvester‐Bradley Roger , Dyer Chris J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study, multi‐site crop response data were examined so as to improve guidelines for crop nitrogen requirement and efficient fertiliser use on winter wheat over a range of soil types. The parameters which had most individual effect on nitrogen requirement (the economic optimum amount of fertiliser N (Nopt)) were soil type and previous cropping. Interactions between soil type and soil N supply as measured by soil mineral nitrogen analysis were also important. Yield had no effect. Descriptive models were developed for Nopt. The simplest, based on N index, rainfall and soil type, accounted for 40% of the variation in Nopt. This was improved to 51% by adding spring analysis of soil mineral nitrogen. The model could be improved by inclusion of measured yield or a seasonal term, but the precision of predicted Nopt was not improved significantly, 41% of cases being within ±25 kg ha−1 of the optimum without yield and 42% with yield. The study showed that some of the inputs currently used to determine N requirement need to be revised and additional terms added. However, even the best estimates have poor predictive precision.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Survival of Salmonella enteritidis and changes in pH and organic acids in grated carrots inoculated or not with Lactobacillus sp and stored under different atmospheres at 4 °C
Authors: Tassou C C , Boziaris J S 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fate of Salmonella enteritidis in grated carrots stored in air, modified atmosphere and vacuum at 4 °C was investigated with the coexistence or not of Lactobacillus sp. The population of Salmonella survived in all cases despite the presence of Lactobacillus and irrespective of the size of its inoculum. Lactic acid bacteria grew in all cases and a pH reduction was noted in all samples inoculated with Lactobacillus sp, while no such reduction occurred in sterile carrot tissue inoculated or not with S enteritidis. Sterile carrots exhibited minimum organic acid profile alterations compared to samples inoculated with Lactobacillus sp. Among these acids, lactate production was favoured under reduced oxygen conditions, in contrast to acetic acid, whose production required the presence of oxygen. These acids may act as an additional hurdle to control this pathogen under both aerobic and modified atmosphere packaging storage conditions.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of environment and healthcare structures on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer: A French population‐based study
Authors: Borie Frédéric , Daurès Jean‐Pierre , Millat Bertrand , Puch Pierre , Tretarre Brigitte 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesColorectal cancer is one of the highest‐ranking cancers in France, both sexes combined, with 33000 new cases per year. To report on the practice and the efficiency of the healthcare system, an evaluation of the therapeutic management of colorectal cancer was carried out in the department of the Herault, in the south of France.MethodsCases of colorectal cancer in 1992 (344 colorectal cancer incidental cases) in the department of the Herault were reviewed. The diversity of the therapeutic choices and survival were evaluated for the different types of healthcare facilities (private hospitals, nonspecialized and specialized hospitals) and residential areas (rural, semi‐urban, urban).ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐one patients with colorectal cancer (78.8%) and 234 patients with colorectal cancer (67.7%) were respectively diagnosed and treated in the private sector. Sixteen cases (23.5%) in the public sector (29.7% in the university hospital) and 24 cases (19%) in the private sector involved surgical emergencies (peritonitis, intestinal obstructions) (P = 0.003). Radiotherapy was performed in 59% of patients with rectal cancer. Preoperative radiotherapy was used primarily in specialized hospitals (80% of radiated rectal cancer; P = 0.002), as opposed to postoperative radiotherapy, which was used predominantly in private hospitals (P = 0.005). Forty‐five percent of the patients with colorectal cancer who had lymph node involvement have been treated with chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis and the presence of metastases (Dukes stage) were the most important independent pejorative prognostic factors, followed by the initial treatment in nonspecialized hospitals, complicated colorectal cancer (intestinal obstruction, peritonitis), lack of histological differentiation, and rural and urban residential areas.ConclusionsApart from independent prognostic factors, such as parietal, ganglionic, or metastatic extensions, the lack of histological differentiation, and the complicated forms, heterogeneity and inequality persist in the distribution, treatment for, and the survival of patients with colorectal cancer based on the type of healthcare facility and the living area of this French population. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;80:137–142. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardium tissue ablation with high‐peak‐power nanosecond 1,064‐ and 532‐nm pulsed lasers: Influence of laser‐induced plasma
Authors: Ogura Makoto , Sato Shunichi , Ishihara Miya , Kawauchi Satoko , Arai Tunenori , Matsui Takemi , Kurita Akira , Kikuchi Makoto , Ashida Hiroshi , Obara Minoru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe investigated the mechanism and characteristics of porcine myocardium tissue ablation in vitro with nanosecond 1,064‐ and 532‐nm pulsed lasers at laser intensities up to ≈5.0 GW/cm2. Particular attention was paid to study the influence of the laser‐induced plasma on the ablation characteristics. The applicability of these two lasers to transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) was discussed.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPorcine myocardium tissue samples were irradiated with 1,064‐ and 532‐nm, Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser pulses, and the ablation depths were measured. The temporal profiles of the laser‐induced optical emissions were measured with a biplanar phototube. For the ablated tissue samples, histological analysis was performed with an optical microscope and a polarization microscope.ResultsThe ablation efficiency at 1,064 nm was higher than that at 532 nm. The ablation threshold at 1,064 nm (≈0.8 GW/cm2) was lower than that at 532 nm (≈1.6 GW/cm2), in spite of the lower absorption coefficient being expected at 1,064 nm. For the 1,064‐nm laser‐ablated tissues, thermal damage was very limited, while damage presumably caused by the mechanical effect was observed in most of the cases. For the 1,064‐nm laser ablation, the ablation threshold was equal to the threshold of the laser‐induced optical emission (≈0.8 GW/cm2), while for the 532‐nm laser ablation, the optical emission threshold (≈2.4 GW/cm2) was higher than the ablation threshold.ConclusionsWe considered that for the 1,064‐nm laser ablation, the tissue removal was achieved through a photodisruption process at laser intensities of > ≈0.8 GW/cm2. At laser intensities of >3.0 GW/cm2, however, the ablation efficiency decreased; this can be attributed to the absorption of incoming laser pulses by the plasma. For the 532‐nm laser ablation, the tissue removal was achieved through a photothermal process at laser intensities of >≈1.6 GW/cm2. At laser intensities of >2.4 GW/cm2, a photodisruption process may also contribute to the tissue removal, in addition to a photothermal process. With regard to the ablation rates, the 1,064‐nm laser was more suitable for TMLR than the 532‐nm laser. We concluded that the 1,064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser would be a potential candidate for a laser source for TMLR because of possible fiber‐based beam delivery, its compact structure, cost effectiveness, and easy maintenance. Animal trials, however, have to be carried out to evaluate the influence of the tissue damage. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:136–141, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Where there is a will…”: Motivation as a moderator of language processing by bilingual consumers
Authors: Luna David , Peracchio Laura A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article examines the impact of processing motivation on language processing by bilingual consumers. The article begins by outlining the revised hierarchical model (Dufour & Kroll, 1995), which implies that second‐language conceptual processing is more challenging and less likely to be successful than first‐language processing. Then two empirical studies are conducted to investigate whether intrinsic and/or extrinsic motivation can be moderators of the impact of first‐ and second‐language processing on cognitive measures of advertising effectiveness. Study 1 finds that need for cognition, an intrinsic measure of motivation, fulfills this moderating role. Consistent with the revised hierarchical model, for low‐need‐for‐cognition individuals, first‐language processing is superior to second‐language processing. By contrast, high‐need‐for‐cognition individuals remember first‐ and second‐language ads equally well. Study 2 finds a significant interaction between need for cognition and an extrinsic manipulation of processing motivation, indicating that first language leads to greater memory under conditions that include both high motivation and low need for cognition. Our results are interpreted using consumer‐behavior models. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resource‐based and property rights perspectives on value creation: the case of oil field unitization
Authors: Kim Jongwook , Mahoney Joseph T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResource‐based theory implicitly assumes that property rights to resources are secure. Extant property rights theory enables us to relax this assumption to take into account processes where there are struggles in establishing property rights that enhance the realized economic value of resources. A case study of oil field unitization (where a single firm is designated as unit operator to develop the oil reservoir as a whole) is analyzed to illustrate the following points: a full resource‐based analysis of value creation must incorporate the role of property rights to internalize externalities and to solve prisoners' dilemma problems of common‐pool resources. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levetiracetam in the treatment of paroxysmal kinesiogenic choreoathetosis
Authors: Chatterjee Anjan , Louis Elan D. , Frucht Steven 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnticonvulsants are frequently used in the treatment of paroxysmal kinesiogenic choreoathetosis (PKC). Although they are often extremely effective in eliminating paroxysmal movements, short‐ and long‐term side‐effects may limit their use in young patients. Levetiracetam (Keppra), a novel antiepileptic drug approved for the treatment of partial seizures is well tolerated in patients with epilepsy. We report on the use of levetiracetam in the treatment of PKC. Levetiracetam was effective in eliminating paroxysmal events and should be considered as an alternative to standard antiepileptic medications in this disorder. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Contribution of the interleukin‐1β gene polymorphism in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Nishimura Masataka , Kawakami Hideshi , Komure Osamu , Maruyama Hirofumi , Morino Hiroyuki , Izumi Yuishin , Nakamura Shigenobu , Kaji Ryuji , Kuno Sadako 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region at position ‐511 of the interleukin (IL) ‐1β gene (IL‐1B‐511) and at position ‐889 of the IL‐1α gene (IL‐1A‐889), in 111 Japanese patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and 160 controls. The distribution of IL‐1B‐511 was significantly different between MSA patients and controls, because of the under‐representation of patients with homozygotes for allele 2 (IL‐1B‐511*2), a high producer of IL‐1β. The frequency of IL‐1A‐889*2, a high secretor of IL‐1α, was also decreased in MSA patients. Our findings suggest that abnormal cytokine expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis of MSA. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Unilateral and bilateral pallidotomy for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A case series of 115 patients
Authors: Parkin Simon G. , Gregory Ralph P. , Scott Richard , Bain Peter , Silburn Peter , Hall Bruce , Boyle Richard , Joint Carole , Aziz Tipu Z. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLesioning of the internal pallidum is known to improve the symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and alleviate dyskinesia and motor fluctuations related to levodopa therapy. The benefit obtained contralateral to a single lesion is insufficient in some cases when symptoms are bilaterally disabling. However, reports of unacceptably high rates of adverse effects after bilateral pallidotomy have limited its use in such cases. We report on the outcome of unilateral (UPVP) and bilateral (BPVP) posteroventral pallidotomy in a consecutive case series of 115 patients with PD in the United Kingdom and Australia. After 3 months, UPVP resulted in a 27% reduction in the off medication Part III (motor) Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score and abolition of dyskinesia in 40% of cases. For BPVP, these figures were increased to 31% and 63%, respectively. Follow‐up of a smaller group to 12 months found the motor scores to be worsening but benefit to dyskinesia and activities of daily living was maintained. Speech was adversely affected after BPVP, although the change was small in most cases. Unilateral and bilateral pallidotomy can be performed safely without microelectrode localisation. Bilateral pallidotomy appears to be more effective, particularly in reducing dyskinesia; in our experience, the side effects have not been as high as reported by other groups. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Lining the mouth floor with prelaminated fascio‐mucosal free flaps: Clinical experience
Authors: Chiarini L. , De Santis G. , Bedogni A. , Nocini P.F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSoft‐tissue defects of the mouth floor need thin, foldable, and pliable tissues able to preserve local anatomy as well as chewing, phonation, and deglutition. The oral mucosa is made of a stratified, nonkeratinized, epithelium‐secreting mucus, which lubricates the oral cavity and facilitates tongue movements. No flap exists that can reproduce the physiology of the oral mucosa better than the oral mucosa itself. Prefabrication of mucosal flaps may represent the best solution. Therefore, 10 consecutive cases of mouth floor cancer were treated with prelamination of the fascia antibrachialis with mucosal grafts obtained from the healthy cheek, and with subsequent transplantation 3 weeks later. A significant increase in mucosal graft surface was seen in all cases, with a mean size twice the original. All flaps healed uneventfully. Follow‐up time ranged between 2–60 months (average, 26.6 months). Morphological and functional results were excellent. Tongue motility, speech intelligibility, and swallowing were reestablished in all treated cases. Mucosal prelamination of the forearm fascia is feasible and allows physiological reconstruction of oral cavity defects up to 6 × 4 cm. © 2002 Wiley Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:177–186 2002
A critical exponent in a degenerate parabolic equation
Authors: Winkler Michael 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe consider positive solutions of the Cauchy problem in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsfonts}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb{R\,}^n$\end{document} for the equation

$$u_t=u^p\,\Delta u+u^q,\quad p\geq1,\; q\geq 1$$\nopagenumbers\end
and show that concerning global solvability, the number q = p + 1 appears as a critical growth exponent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.