bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization, and Drug Release of Electrospun Core‐Shell Structured Hyaluronic Acid‐Bovine Serum Albumin/Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Nanofiber Membranes
Authors: Huang Wendong , Jin Zhengyang , Chen Yutong , Yang Guang , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlbumin has broad applications in tissue engineering, yet challenges remain in maintaining activity, loading capacity, and controlled release. In this study, we employed electrospinning to fabricate protein‐polysaccharide/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers with a core‐shell structure. High‐magnification projection microscopy characterized the spinnability of hyaluronic acid‐bovine serum albumin (HyA‐BSA) solution. Scanning electron microscopy and high‐magnification projection microscopy demonstrated that the nanofibers had uniform diameter and internal structure, with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirming the successful encapsulation of HyA‐BSA within PCL fibers. X‐ray diffraction indicated that the crystallite size of PCL decreased with increasing Span80 and HyA‐BSA content. Tensile and water contact angle tests revealed improvements in the flexibility and wettability of the nanofibers. In vitro drug tests indicated that the BSA loading and release rate could be modulated by varying Span80 and HyA‐BSA concentrations, with a total release time exceeding 30 days. Overall, this research enables prolonged drug release and offers new insights for protein encapsulation.
Human Capital, Income Inequality, and Health: Analysing Heterogeneous Dynamics Across Income Groups
Authors: Castillo Wendy Irena Guerra , Wu Ci Sheng , Osei‐Kusi Frank 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of human capital, gender inequality, and GDP on income inequality across seven regions with different income levels. Utilising panel data from 125 countries from 2000 to 2018, the study employs methods such as Panel Spatial Correlation Consistent dummy variables (PSCC) and panel quantile regression. The findings reveal that income level significantly influences the relationship between human capital and income inequality on GDP. Political stability and total population positively affect GDP in all income groups, whereas gender inequality negatively impacts GDP in high‐income countries but positively in low‐income countries. The study also investigates the correlation between the Gini coefficient and the Gender Inequality Index (GII). Results indicate a positive correlation between the lagged Gini coefficient and its current values, demonstrating the persistence of income inequality. The findings suggest that policymakers can reduce income inequality and promote economic growth through progressive taxation, social welfare programs, and labour market regulations. Policies targeting gender inequality can also influence income inequality and GDP. This research provides insights into the complex interplay between income inequality, gender inequality, and GDP, offering guidance for policymakers to design effective strategies for sustainable economic growth and inequality reduction.
Magnetic‐Field Induced Charge Accumulation in Scalable Magnetoelectric PVDF‐TrFE/Ni Composite Devices
Authors: Luciano Federica , Giorgione Erika , Van Meirvenne Emma , Galan Andrei , Marzorati Ilaria , De Coster Arne , Wysocka Dominika , Sorée Bart , De Gendt Stefan , Ciubotaru Florin , Adelmann Christoph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the direct magnetoelectric effect in thin film composites comprising a 550 nm thick poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE) layer spin‐coated onto a 500 µm thick Ni foil substrate. Direct measurements of charge accumulation on dot capacitors with Au top electrodes, induced by the rotation of Ni magnetization from in‐plane to out‐of‐plane orientation by an applied magnetic field, reveal pronounced magnetoelectric coupling. Polarization differences between in‐plane and out‐of‐plane magnetization states of up to (13.8 ± 0.8) × 10−4 µC cm−2 are derived from charge measurements. This corresponds to a maximum open circuit voltage difference of up to 75 ± 6 mV and a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient with respect to magnetization changes of 310 ± 27 mVA−1. Finite element simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics corroborate experimental findings, indicating near‐independence of generated polarizations and open circuit voltages when lateral capacitor dimensions are reduced into the nanometer range. Simulations of nanoscale pillar devices on rigid substrates, employing materials with optimized piezoelectric and magnetostrictive parameters, predict the potential for generating large open circuit voltage differences exceeding 2 V, highlighting the prospects of such devices for spintronic applications.
Investigating Phase Transitions in Hybrid Stars Using the vMIT Bag Model and the QHD‐II Model
Authors: Köpp Fábio , Horvath Jorge Ernesto , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, the global properties of hybrid compact stars resulting from a phase transition between hadronic matter and an interior composed of up, down, and strange quarks, based on a Maxwell construction, are studied. For the equation of state of the hadronic matter, we employ a covariant density functional theory within the framework of relativistic mean field theory, specifically the Quantum Hadrodynamics‐II (QHD‐II) model, with parameters determined using the parametrization. For the quark matter in the stellar core, we use the improved vMIT bag model, which incorporates repulsive interactions mediated by vector mesons, a crucial feature for describing stable and massive hybrid stellar configurations in agreement with recent observations of pulsars with masses above .
Developing and Implementing an Integrated Family Education Program (IPMD‐F) for Parents of Children With Reading Difficulties: Insights From an Action Research Study
Authors: Tercan Hülya , Bayhan Pınar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThis research aims to identify the problems and needs of families of children with reading difficulties, develop an Integrated Process‐Based Family Education Program (IPMD‐F) to address these needs, and implement it.MethodsThe study used a community‐based participatory action research approach, following a four‐stage process: general information collection, needs identification and action plan creation, development and implementation of the IPMD‐F, and evaluation. Conducted during the 2023–2024 academic year in Ankara, Turkey, with 16 volunteer parents of children diagnosed with learning disabilities, data were collected using qualitative and quantitative tools. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic reflexive analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test to determine pre‐test and post‐test score differences.FindingFindings derived from a synthesis of personal development theory, a holistic approach, and a neurodiversity perspective revealed that the program assisted parents in attaining a holistic outlook, reinforcing parent–child communication, and cultivating coping strategies. Our assessment also substantiated the program's efficacy in practice.ConclusionThis study highlights that the IPMD‐F can be a significant resource for families of children with reading difficulties and suggests broader implementation of such programs.
Does Societal Trust Reduce Greenwashing? International Evidence
Authors: Haidar Md Ismail 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTI investigate the influence of societal trust on greenwashing. Utilizing the ESG controversies score as a proxy for greenwashing, this research finds that firms in high‐trust societies engage in fewer greenwashing activities. The effect is less pronounced for firms in countries with strong formal institutions, consistent with the notion that societal trust works as a substitute for country‐level formal institution. However, the effect is more pronounced for highly visible firms. This study highlights three potential mechanisms through which societal trust reduces greenwashing practices: enhanced firm reputation, improved accounting transparency, and stronger stakeholder engagement. Overall, these findings underscore the significant role of societal trust in mitigating corporate greenwashing and fostering sustainable business practices.
An Unusual Meroterpenoid and Two New Steroids From Fungus Penicillium fellutanum and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Lin Li‐Bin , Wang Mei‐Niu , Hu Jia‐Yao , Han Rui , Yang Xing , Shi Wei , Qu Chen‐Lu , Wang Yu‐Fei , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Xiao Jian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn unusual clathrate‐type meroterpenoid isoatlantinone A (1), two new steroids acrocalysterols E (2) and F (3), together with fifteen known compounds (4–18) were separated from a plant‐associated fungus Penicillium fellutanum. Their structures and absolute configurations were established based on spectroscopic data (nuclear magnetic resonance and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), electronic circular dichroism and modified Mosher's method. Notably, compound 1 represents an unusual highly oxygenated meroterpenoid derivative with a unique caged bioxatetracyclo‐[6.3.2.01,6.01,12]‐tridecane ring system. All compounds were assessed in vitro for antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Intriguingly, compound 16 exhibited potent antifungal activity against Fusarium culmorum with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 50 µM, similar to the positive control carbendazim. Furthermore, compound 3 displayed potent cytotoxic effects on HCC‐1806, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 18.15 ± 1.05 µM, and compound 6 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities on RKO, with an IC50 value of 11.61 ± 0.19 µM. Thus, strain P. fellutanum represents a novel resource of these bioactive compounds to be exploited.
Incorporating uncertainty in the baseline risk: An R Shiny tool and an empirical study
Authors: Murad M. Hassan , Lin Lifeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe common practice in meta‐analysis and clinical practice guidelines is to derive the absolute treatment effect (also called risk difference, RD) from a combination of a pooled relative risk (RR) that resulted from a meta‐analysis, and a user‐provided baseline risk (BR). However, this method does not address the uncertainty in BR. We developed a web‐based R Shiny tool to perform simple microsimulation and incorporate uncertainty in BR into the precision of RD. We empirically evaluated this approach by estimating the impact of incorporating this uncertainty when BR is derived from the control group rates in 3,128 meta‐analyses curated from the Cochrane Library (26,964 individual studies). When BR was derived from the largest study in each meta‐analysis, the median width of the CI of BR was 11.6% (interquartile range (IQR), 6.30%–18.5%). Incorporating this uncertainty in BR led to expansion of the RD CI by a median of 8 per 1,000 persons (IQR 2–24). This expansion increased in a linear fashion with BR imprecision and was more prominent in meta‐analyses with low BR. This study provides a web‐based tool to perform simple microsimulation and incorporate uncertainty in BR into the CI of RD.
Localized and degenerate controls for the incompressible Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Nersesyan Vahagn , Rissel Manuel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider the global approximate controllability of the two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes system driven by a physically localized and degenerate force. In other words, the fluid is regulated via four scalar controls that depend only on time and appear as coefficients in an effectively constructed driving force supported in a given subdomain. Our idea consists of squeezing low mode controls into a small region, essentially by tracking their actions along the characteristic curves of a linearized vorticity equation. In this way, through explicit constructions and by connecting Coron's return method with recent concepts from geometric control, the original problem for the nonlinear Navier–Stokes system is reduced to one for a linear transport equation steered by a global force. This article can be viewed as an attempt to tackle a well‐known open problem due to Agrachev.
Structural Elucidation of Photoluminescent Carbon Nanodots through Quenching Kinetics with Molecular Electron Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Jalilov Almaz S. , Ryan Asri Wan , Alenaizan Asem 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) quenching mechanism and dynamics of carbon nanodots (CNDs) with molecular electron donors and acceptors are investigated by means of time‐resolved emission spectroscopy. CNDs are prepared by direct pyrolysis from two different precursors, di‐ammonium citrate and tri‐ammonium citrate, at two different temperatures, 150 °C and 180 °C, for 40 hours under ambient conditions. Despite the small changes in the pyrolysis temperature, rather significant differences are observed in the structure, PL quantum yield, and hence observation of the important characteristics of PL quenching kinetics in the presence of benzophenone (BP) and dimethoxybenzene (DMB) as an electron acceptor and donor, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations of CNDs in the presence of molecular quenchers support the spectroscopic data and the photophysical behavior of CNDs, and the distinct PL quenching dynamics are attributed to the hydrogen bonding interaction in the case of BP and the π π‐stacking interaction in the case of DMB as PL quenchers.
Effect of UV Light Exposure Duration on the Removal of Exfoliation Agent Residues in Two‐Dimensional Perovskite Nanosheets: An AFM Study
Authors: Pinar Gordesli‐Duatepe Fatma , Küçükcan Begümnur , Sağlam Özge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccurate determination of dielectric properties and surface characteristics of two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite nanosheets, produced by chemical exfoliation of layered perovskites, is often hindered by exfoliation agent residues such as tetrabutylammonium (TBA). This study investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure duration on the removal of TBA residues from 2D Ca2NaNb4O13− nanosheets deposited on silicon substrates via Langmuir‐Blodgett method using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanoscale adhesion forces between silicon AFM tips and nanofilms exposed to UV light for 3, 12, 18, and 24 hours were measured. Nanofilms exposed to UV for 12 hours showed significant heterogeneity in adhesion forces compared to control nanofilms not exposed to UV. This heterogeneity improved after 18 hours and reached maximum homogeneity at 24 hours. A noticeable decrease in adhesion forces indicated a reduction in TBA residues after 18 hours, with further reduction observed at 24 hours. The most probable adhesion forces for control nanofilms and those exposed to UV for 3 and 12 hours were 1.6‐fold and 2.0‐fold higher, respectively, compared to nanofilms exposed to UV for 18 and 24 hours. Similarly, surface roughness peaked at 12 hours and then decreased with longer exposure, resulting in a smoother surface at 24 hours.
Heteroleptic (NHC/MIC) Biscarbene Ag(I) and Au(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Ruiz‐Mendoza Francisco J. , Campos‐Dominguez Emmanuel , Guadalupe Torres‐Salazar M. , Álvarez‐Hernández Alejandro , Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA series of hetero‐biscarbene silver(I) and gold(I) complexes of the general formula [NHC‐M–MIC]PF6 (NHC=imidazol‐2‐ylidene, MIC=1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene) have been prepared via the treatment of NHC‐M‐Cl precursors in reaction with an in situ generated mesoionic carbene (MIC). The new heteroleptic complexes have been fully characterized including NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, melting points and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The silver(I) derivatives were employed successfully in the solvent free KA2 (ketone‐alkyne‐amine) coupling for the preparation of a series of quaternary carbon‐containing propargyl amines while, the gold(I) biscarbenes, demonstrated a good performance in the A3 (aldehyde, amine, alkyne) coupling and the benzylic oxidation processes under low catalyst loadings.
Reassessing Hybridisation in Australian Tetragonula Stingless Bees Using Multiple Genetic Markers
Authors: Hereward James P. , Smith Tobias J. , Gloag Ros , Brookes Dean R. , Walter Gimme H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe re‐examined reports of hybridisation in three cryptic stingless bee species in the genus Tetragonula in South East Queensland, Australia (T. carbonaria, T. davenporti and T. hockingsi). Previous studies on this group using microsatellite markers proposed that hybridisation occasionally takes place. In contrast, we find that using 1745 SNPs we could reliably separate the three species, with no evidence of contemporary (or recent) hybridisation. We found identical amplicon sequences of the nuclear gene EF1alpha across most individuals of the three species, but low and moderate species‐specific polymorphisms in the nuclear gene Opsin and the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, respectively, with no cases of mito‐nuclear discordance at these genes. We confirm that nuclear divergence across these species is low, based on 10–26 kb of non‐coding sequence flanking EF1alpha and Opsin (0.7%–1% pairwise difference between species). However, we find mitogenomes to be far more diverged than nuclear genomes (21.6%–23.6% pairwise difference between species). Based on these comprehensive analyses of multiple marker types, we conclude there is no ongoing gene flow among the Tetragonula species of South East Queensland, despite their morphological similarity to one another and the low nuclear divergence among them. The higher resolution provided by multiple SNP markers may lead to lower estimates of contemporary hybridisation more generally.
Development of Student Experiment on High‐Frequency Circuits Using High Precision Simulation
Authors: Oshima Shinpei , Amano Rion , Hayama Tessai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA method of student experiment for high‐frequency circuits is developed. This training method is based on a quasi‐experiment system and movies for educational materials. The quasi‐experiment system provides electromagnetic simulation with three‐dimensional models of chip inductors and capacitors. It reduces the time for making prototypes and measuring them. Visualized electromagnetic fields can be used to design the high‐frequency circuits using chip components in the system. A part of the circuits is easily evaluated by the system. The student experiment includes fundamental circuits and an applied circuit for a design contest. The method is suitable for obtaining knowledge on practical high‐frequency circuit design within a limited amount of time.
Study on the Influence of Heat Exchange of Static Drill Rooted Energy Pile on the Consolidation of Coastal Soft Soil Site
Authors: Chen Shuaijiong , Deng Yuebao , Niu Shuai , Zhang Rihong , Ming Wei , Yao Yanming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe use of static drill‐rooted energy piles in deep soft soil foundations causes thermal exchange between the piles and the surrounding soil, resulting in excess pore pressure and consolidation settlement in the soft soil layer around the piles, which affects the long‐term deformation of the site. To investigate the impact of the operation of this novel energy pile on the consolidation of the soil around the pile, a simulation analysis was conducted using the ABAQUS software to assess the soil temperature, pore pressure, and consolidation settlement around the static drill rooted energy pile group under a 120‐day heating and cooling cycle. The research findings indicated that the temperature change decreased as the distance between the soil and the pile increased, resulting in less thermal consolidation settlement and pore pressure variations. Heating conditions (ΔT = 18.7°C) resulted in a 17°C increase in the soil temperature below the center of the pile group, with temperature changes becoming negligible beyond 8D. The maximum pore pressure variations in the soil occurred at 2D and 6D distances from the pile, with values of 1.24 and 1.12 kPa, respectively. Under heating conditions, the surface settlement at a 2D distance from the pile group was 6.19 mm, which increased to about 10 mm under heating–cooling cycles. These research findings provide a foundation for analyzing the environmental impact of novel energy piles in coastal areas.
Comparative Safety of Ibrutinib Versus Zanubrutinib in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fan Fuli , Liu Xiaodan , Su Zhan , Li Saisai , Wang Chuanlei , Wang Shibo , Cui Shuxia , Yan Yuting 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study compares the safety profiles of two Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While Ibrutinib has transformed CLL treatment, it is associated with significant adverse events (AEs). Zanubrutinib, a second‐generation BTK inhibitor, offers potential for improved safety. In this prospective study, 200 CLL patients were enrolled, with 100 receiving Ibrutinib and 100 receiving Zanubrutinib. Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and genetic factors were evaluated. AEs and serious AEs (SAEs) were tracked and graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to determine predictors of SAE and AEs grade ≥ 3. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. The mean ages of the Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib groups were 49.65 and 49.16 years, respectively (p = 0.285). The Zanubrutinib group had a higher percentage of patients with worse ECOG status (71% vs. 57%, p = 0.039). Fewer Zanubrutinib patients experienced severe AEs (4% vs. 9%, p = 0.152) or SAEs (8% vs. 17%, p = 0.054). Neutropenia occurred only in the Ibrutinib group (3%). Subgroup analysis showed a higher complication rate with Zanubrutinib in non‐refractory patients (11.40% vs. 5.26%, p = 0.065). Stage III CLL was a protective factor of grade ≥ 3 AEs (aOR = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.0003–0.1829) and SAE (aOR = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.001–0.177). While ECOS status (2 vs. 3) resulted in reduced risk of SAE, chromosome 17p deletion emerged as the main risk factor of SAE (aOR = 6.40; 95% CI: 1.33–30.79). Zanubrutinib demonstrated a more favorable safety profile than Ibrutinib, with fewer severe adverse events. It may be a safer alternative for CLL patients, particularly those at higher risk for complications from BTK inhibitors. However, these differences stemmed from variability in baseline clinical characteristics rather than the interventions themselves.
Subsurface Irrigation With Ceramic Emitters Improved the Water Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Melons.
Authors: Han Mengxue , Zhang Lin , Zhao Xiao , Xie Kai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIncreasing nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural fields is crucial for sustainable agricultural development. In a 2‐year greenhouse study, we compared two methods, subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters (SICE) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), to evaluate their effects on soil moisture and nitrogen distribution, photosynthetic efficiency and plant stoichiometry. The results showed that SICE can reduce the soil nitrate nitrogen content by approximately 20% while maintaining the soil moisture content at 70%–80%, improving the photosynthetic efficiency and melon yield. Under the optimal yield treatment (applying 60.67 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare), compared with SDI, SICE increased yield by 8%, water productivity by 13%, nitrogen absorption efficiency by 4% and nitrogen use efficiency by 3%. In addition, by analysing the stoichiometric characteristics of melon at different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and growth stages under the two irrigation methods, we found that the main reason for the increase in SICE yield was the coupled effect of the increase in plant photosynthetic efficiency and the need for plants to maintain their internal stoichiometric balance.