bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PECAM-1 functions as a specific and potent inhibitor of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Gao Cunji , Sun Weiyong , Christofidou-Solomidou Melpo , Sawada Motoshi , Newman Debra K. , Bergom Carmen , Albelda Steven M. , Matsuyama Shigemi , Newman Peter J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractProgrammed cell death, or apoptosis, is a tightly regulated, naturally occurring process by which damaged or unwanted cells are removed. Dysregulated apoptosis has been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, including degenerative diseases, tissue remodeling, and tumorogenesis. The decision to live or die results from integration of numerous environmental signals transmitted by specific classes of cell surface receptors that bind hormones, growth factors, or components of the extracellular matrix. Here we show that platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a homophilic-binding member of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) family of inhibitory receptors, functions prominently to inhibit apoptosis in naturally occurring vascular cells subjected to apoptotic stimuli. Murine endothelial cells and human T lymphocytes lacking PECAM-1 were found to be far more sensitive than their PECAM-1—expressing counterparts to multiple death signals that stimulate Bax, a multidomain, proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that plays a central role in mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent apoptosis. In addition, PECAM-1 markedly suppressed Bax overexpression—induced cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and nuclear fragmentation. Amino acid substitutions within PECAM-1's extracellular homophilic binding domain, or within its cytoplasmic ITIM, completely abolished PECAM-1—mediated cytoprotection. Taken together, these data implicate PECAM-1 as a novel and potent suppressor of Bax-mediated apoptosis and suggest that members of the immunoglobulin gene (Ig) superfamily, like cell surface integrins, may also transmit survival signals into blood and vascular cells. (Blood. 2003;102:169-179)
Adaptive control using multiple models, switching and tuning
Authors: Narendra Kumpati S. , Driollet Osvaldo A. , Feiler Matthias , George Koshy 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a great deal of interest in both the theory and practice of adaptive control using multiple models, switching, and tuning. The general approach was introduced in the early 1990s to cope with large and rapidly varying parameters in control systems. During the following years, detailed mathematical analyses of special classes of systems were carried out. Considerable empirical evidence was also collected to demonstrate the practical viability of the methods proposed. This paper attempts to review critically the stability questions that arise in the study of such systems, describes recent extensions of the approach to non‐linear adaptive control, and discuss briefly promising new areas of research, particularly related to the location of models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian regression and classification using mixtures of Gaussian processes
Authors: Shi J.Q. , Murray‐Smith R. , Titterington D.M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFor a large data set with groups of repeated measurements, a mixture model of Gaussian process priors is proposed for modelling the heterogeneity among the different replications. A hybrid Markov chain Monte‐Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is developed for the implementation of the model for regression and classification. The regression model and its implementation are illustrated by modelling observed functional electrical stimulation (FES) experimental results. The classification model is illustrated in a synthetic example. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple, rapid, and automated method for detection of hyperaggregability of platelets using a hematology analyzer
Authors: Shimizu Mie , Yamamoto Masahiro , Miyachi Hayato , Shinohara Yukito , Ando Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEstimation of hyperaggregability of platelets is important for diagnosis and prevention of vascular events. We have developed and evaluated a simple and rapid method for detection of a hyperaggregable state of platelets by using an Abbott CELL‐DYN® 4000 hematology analyzer. Citrated blood samples were collected from 62 patients with chronic cerebral infarction (CCI), of whom 19 patients were treated with ticlopidine, and from 9 healthy subjects. Platelet clumps were detected in the scatter plots for white blood cell populations with the hematology analyzer. Platelet clumps were positive in 20 of 43 (46.5%) CCI patients who were not treated with anti‐platelet agents but not at all in 9 healthy subjects and in 19 CCI patients treated with ticlopidine. The detection of platelet clumps in citrated blood by the hematology analyzer was proved useful in detecting a platelet hyperaggregability in CCI patients. This method is simple, rapid, and automated and thus should be suitable for routine clinical use for monitoring indications and the efficacy of anti‐platelet drugs. Am. J. Hematol. 72:282–283, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homozygous mutations in caveolin‐3 cause a severe form of rippling muscle disease
Authors: Kubisch Christian , Schoser Benedikt G. H. , Düring Monika v. , Betz Regina C. , Goebel Hans‐Hilmar , Zahn Susanne , Ehrbrecht Antje , Aasly Jan , Schroers Anja , Popovic Nikola , Lochmüller Hanns , Schröder J. Michael , Brüning Thomas , Malin Jean‐Pierre , Fricke Britta , Meinck Hans‐Michael , Torbergsen Torberg , Engels Hartmut , Voss Bruno , Vorgerd Matthias 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHeterozygous missense mutations in the caveolin‐3 gene (CAV3) cause different muscle disorders. Most patients with CAV3 alterations present with rippling muscle disease (RMD) characterized by signs of increased muscle irritability without muscle weakness. In some patients, CAV3 mutations underlie the progressive limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD1C). Here, we report two unrelated patients with novel homozygous mutations (L86P and A92T) in CAV3. Both presented with a more severe clinical phenotype than usually seen in RMD. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses of muscle biopsies showed a strong reduction of caveolin‐3 in both homozygous RMD patients similar to the findings in heterozygous RMD. Electron microscopy studies showed a nearly complete absence of caveolae in the sarcolemma in all RMD patients analyzed. Additional plasma membrane irregularities (small plasmalemmal discontinuities, subsarcolemmal vacuoles, abnormal papillary projections) were more pronounced in homozygous than in heterozygous RMD patients. A stronger activation of nitric oxide synthase was observed in both homozygous patients compared with heterozygous RMD. Like in LGMD1C, dysferlin immunoreactivity is reduced in RMD but more pronounced in homozygous as compared with heterozygous RMD. Thus, we further extend the phenotypic variability of muscle caveolinopathies by identification of a severe form of RMD associated with homozygous CAV3 mutations. Ann Neurol 2003
A direct prefrontotectal tract against distractibility in the human brain
Authors: Gaymard Bertrand , François Chantal , Ploner Christoph J. , Condy Carine , Rivaud‐Péchoux Sophie 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDistractibility, which can be defined as an attention deficit in which orientation toward irrelevant targets can be hardly inhibited, is commonly related to a dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Here, we show that increased distractibility, observed in a patient with an exceptionally small lesion located in the upper brainstem, may result from the interruption of a direct tract that connects the prefrontal cortex to the superior colliculus, a structure involved in both eye movement control and attentional shifts. Ann Neurol 2003;53:542–545
Updating the asymmetric osmium‐catalyzed dihydroxylation (AD) mnemonic: Q2MM modeling and new kinetic measurements
Authors: Fristrup Peter , Tanner David , Norrby Per‐Ola 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe mnemonic device for predicting stereoselectivities in the Sharp‐less asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) reaction has been updated based on extensive computational studies. Kinetic measurements from competition reactions validate the new proposal. The interactions responsible for the high stereoselectivity in the title reaction are analyzed in detail and mapped onto the mnemonic device. Chirality 15:360–368, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Comparison of Analogous 4f‐ and 5f‐Element Compounds: Syntheses and X‐ray Crystal Structures of the Mixed Sandwich Complexes [M(η‐C8H8)(L){OP(NMe2)3}] (M = Nd or U; L = η‐C5Me5 or η‐C4Me4P)
Authors: Cendrowski‐Guillaume Sophie M. , Le Gland Gildas , Nierlich Martine , Ephritikhine Michel 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe series of complexes [M(COT)(L)(HMPA)] {M = Nd or U; COT = η‐C8H8; L = η‐C5Me5 (Cp*) or η‐C4Me4P (tmp), HMPA = OP(NMe2)3} have been synthesized. [Nd(COT)(Cp*)(HMPA)] (1b) was prepared by substitution of the THF ligand of [Nd(COT)(Cp*)(THF)]; [Nd(COT)(tmp)(HMPA)] (3) was prepared by reaction of the neodymium cation [Nd(COT)(THF)4][BPh4] with Ktmp followed by the addition of HMPA to the dimeric compound [Nd(COT)(tmp)]2 (2); [U(COT)(Cp*)(HMPA)] (4) was isolated from the reaction of the uranium cation [U(COT)(HMPA)3][BPh4] with KCp*, and [U(COT)(tmp)(HMPA)2] (5) was obtained upon reduction of the uranium(IV) cation of [U(COT)(tmp)(HMPA)2][BPh4] with sodium amalgam. The X‐ray crystal structures of 1b, 3, and 4 have been determined. In the isostructural compounds 1b and 4, the differences between the U−C and Nd−C bond lengths are smaller than those predicted from the ionic radii of the trivalent ions; in particular, the average M−C(Cp*) distances are equal to 2.77 Å for both M = Nd and U. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Two New Dinuclear Sterically Crowded CuII Complexes as Catalyst Precursors for the Oxidative Coupling of 2,6‐Dimethylphenol
Authors: Aromí Guillem , Gamez Patrick , Kooijman Huub , Spek Anthony L. , Driessen Willem L. , Reedijk Jan 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of the first two bis(μ‐η1‐nitrato)‐bridged, dinuclear Cu complexes containing 4,4′‐biimidazole ligands are presented. 1H NMR, EPR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy indicate that their solid‐state structure is not retained in solution. Dioxygen uptake measurements show that the presence of a methyl group at the 2‐position of the imidazole rings leads to a dramatic increase of the rate of the catalytic polymerization of 2,6‐dimethylphenol. Detailed examination of the molecular structures of both catalyst precursors in the crystalline state suggests that this may either be caused by the difference in basicity of the biimidazole ligands or by a small but important steric effect of the 2‐Me groups affecting the coplanarity of equatorial CuII ligands and the orientation of the axial nitrate ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Arylcalcium Hydrides as Precursors to Alkoxides and Aryloxides of Calcium
Authors: Dunne John P. , Tacke Matthias , Selinka Carola , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCalcium atoms react with +I‐substituted benzene derivatives under cocondensation conditions to yield arylcalcium hydrides. With toluene, tert‐butylbenzene, and trimethyl(phenyl)silane the reaction showed no selectivity for C−H activation, resulting in the formation of each of the three possible isomers, while with m‐xylene the reaction resulted in selective activation of the bond meta to the CH3 groups. Treatment of (tert‐butylphenyl)calcium hydride with di‐ and trisubstituted phenols such as 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol, and 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenol resulted in the formation of calcium aryloxides in yields > 95%. [Ca(2,4,6‐tBu3C6H2O)2(THF)3] crystallises from a THF solution as a distorted trigonal bipyramid, with two THF ligands in the trans‐axial positions and the third THF ligand and both aryloxide groups in equatorial positions. The Ca−OAryl bond length was found to average at 2.181(3) Å. The Ca−O−CAryl angles are almost linear, with Ca1−O1−C1 and Ca1−O2−C19 being 173.9(3)° and 178.8(3)°, respectively, while the O1−Ca1−O2 angle was determined as 152.04(12)°. A reaction between (tert‐butylphenyl)calcium hydride and triphenylmethanol resulted in the formation of the corresponding monomeric calcium bis(alkoxide) Ca(OCPh3)2(THF)4 in 95% yield. The structure was determined as a distorted octahedron with the alkoxide ligands in a cis‐equatorial arrangement. The Ca−O bond length was determined at 2.1609(17) Å. The Ca−O−CAryl angle of 177.46(16)° is almost linear, while the O1−Ca1−O1A angle was determined at 110.12(19)°. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Thermally induced phase transition in helical comblike poly(β‐peptide)s: An atomistic simulation
Authors: Zanuy David , Alemán Carlos , Laso Manuel , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAtomistic Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been used to study a thermally induced phase transition in poly(α‐octadecyl‐β,L‐aspartate). Simulations were performed by using the parallelized version of Configurational Bias MC algorithm adapted to study comblike polymers. A total of 1.15 · 106 steps were carried out for a molecular system constituted by 6240 atoms/pseudoatoms. Results were consistent with available experimental observations. The limitations of atomistic simulations to study large length‐scale phenomena are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 770–778, 2003
Parallelization of four‐component calculations. II. Symmetry‐driven parallelization of the 4‐Spinor CCSD algorithm
Authors: Pernpointner Markus , Visscher Lucas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGiven the importance of the Coupled‐cluster (CC) method as an efficient and accurate way to take electron correlation into account, we extend the parallelization technique in the second part of this series also to the 4‐Spinor CCSD algorithm implemented in the Dirac–Fock packages DIRAC and MOLFDIR. The present implementation is based on the availability of the transformed molecular two‐electron integrals on an external storage medium. The linearity of the CC equations in these two‐electron integrals is used in a parallelization strategy that is based on distribution of the two largest integral classes that carry three or four virtual spinor indices. The corresponding partial contributions to the T1 and T2 amplitudes are calculated on each node and added using Message Passing Interface (MPI) library calls. Although we did not employ a master/slave principle, one specific node was assigned to also perform the remaining serial parts of the algorithm. In the critical sections considerable savings in storage requirements and computer time could be achieved, and this allows for computations on larger systems in the framework of four‐component theory. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 754–759, 2003
Performance of time‐dependent density functional and Green functions methods for calculations of excitation energies in radicals and for Rydberg electronic states
Authors: Zyubin A. S. , Mebel A. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional (TD‐DFT) and perturbation theory‐based outer valence Green functions (OVGF) methods have been tested for calculations of excitation energies for a set of radicals, molecules, and model clusters simulating points defects in silica. The results show that the TD‐DFT approach may give unreliable results not only for diffuse Rydberg states, but also for electronic states involving transitions between MOs localized in two remote from each other spatial regions, for example, for charge‐transfer excitations. For the · O—SiX3 clusters, where X is a single‐valence group, TD‐DFT predicts reasonable excitation energies but incorrect sequence of electronic transitions. For a number of cases where TD‐DFT is shown to be unreliable, the OVGF approach can provide better estimates of excitation energies, but this method also is not expected to perform universally well. The OVGF performance is demonstrated to be satisfactory for excitations with predominantly single‐determinant wave functions where the deviations of the calculated energies from experiment should not exceed 0.1–0.3 eV. However, for more complicated transitions involving multiple bonds or for excited states with multireference wave functions the OVGF approach is less reliable and error in the computed energies can reach 0.5–1 eV. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 692–700, 2003
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the single‐commodity, uncapacitated, fixed‐charge network flow problem
Authors: Ortega Francisco , Wolsey Laurence A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present a branch‐and‐cut algorithm to solve the single‐commodity, uncapacitated, fixed‐charge network flow problem, which includes the Steiner tree problem, uncapacitated lot‐sizing problems, and the fixed‐charge transportation problem as special cases. The cuts used are simple dicut inequalities and their variants. A crucial problem when separating these inequalities is to find the right cut set on which to generate the inequalities. The prototype branch‐and‐cut system, bc–nd, includes a separation heuristic for the dicut inequalities and problem‐specific primal heuristics, branching, and pruning rules. Computational results show that bc–nd is competitive compared to a variety of special purpose algorithms for problems with explicit flow costs. We also examine how general purpose MIP systems perform on such problems when provided with formulations that have been tightened a priori with dicut inequalities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐local boundary integral formulation for softening damage
Authors: Sládek Ján , Sládek Vladimír , Bažant Zdeněk P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA strongly non‐local boundary element method (BEM) for structures with strain‐softening damage treated by an integral‐type operator is developed. A plasticity model with yield limit degradation is implemented in a boundary element program using the initial‐stress boundary element method with iterations in each load increment. Regularized integral representations and boundary integral equations are used to avoid the difficulties associated with numerical computation of singular integrals. A numerical example is solved to verify the physical correctness and efficiency of the proposed formulation. The example consists of a softening strip perforated by a circular hole, subjected to tension. The strain‐softening damage is described by a plasticity model with a negative hardening parameter. The local formulation is shown to exhibit spurious sensitivity to cell mesh refinements, localization of softening damage into a band of single‐cell width, and excessive dependence of energy dissipation on the cell size. By contrast, the results for the non‐local theory are shown to be free of these physically incorrect features. Compared to the classical non‐local finite element approach, an additional advantage is that the internal cells need to be introduced only within the small zone (or band) in which the strain‐softening damage tends to localize within the structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Amylose‐Lipid Complexes and Effects of Temperature Treatment. Part 2. Fatty Acids
Authors: Tufvesson Fredrik , Wahlgren Marie , Eliasson Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis article is the second part of research on amylose‐lipid complexes, where the first article dealt with monoglycerides. Here, a variety of fatty acids with chain lengths between 3 and 22 carbons and with varying degree of unsaturation were studied regarding their ability to form amylose‐lipid complexes. In the present paper it is intended to investigate the formation of different fatty acid‐ amylose complexes under conditions that are not optimised for complex formation. Such conditions are common in the processing of starch. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to analyse transition temperatures and enthalpies (ΔH). The transition enthalpy ΔH was taken as a measure of the quantity of the complexes in the samples.Except for the two shortest fatty acids (propionic and butyric acid), all the fatty acids showed DSC‐peaks corresponding to transition of amylose‐lipid complexes. Form II complexes, i.e. the crystalline form of the complex, were also formed for all fatty acids with a chain length of ≥12, even with polyunsaturated fatty acids.In this investigation, the amount and type of complexes formed do not reflect equilibrium conditions, but are instead a result of the rate of all the different sub‐processes involved in complex formation, and these are influenced by the availability of the fatty acids and the heat treatment. The highest amounts of complexes were created by arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid when the sample had not been subjected to any previous heat treatment. Heat treatment of the sample changed this and for heat treated samples the saturated palmitic and stearic acid yielded highest total amount of complexes. However, the ratio between complexes of form II and form I differed between the fatty acids complexes and during extended temperature treatment, most form II complexes were created by arachidonic and linoleic acid.Comparing the results from each fatty acid to the corresponding monoglyceride (with chain lengths of 10‐18), it can be concluded that fatty acids seem to form complexes more easily than monoglycerides do, but monoglycerides create complex form II more easily than fatty acids, especially in case of shorter‐chain lipids.
Synthesis of Novel Starches in Planta: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Davis J. Paul , Supatcharee Netrphan , Khandelwal Ramji L. , Chibbar Ravindra N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn addition to being the main source of energy in the human diet, starch is also used for a wide variety of industrial processes. Potato, maize, wheat and cassava are the major sources for industrial starch. While there are significant species‐dependent differences among these starches, in most cases it is necessary to chemically or physically modify the starches in order to meet the various industrial needs. The advent of molecular biology and genetic engineering has provided the requisite technologies to produce starches in planta with improved properties, which may reduce or eliminate the need for in vitro starch modification. In the last decade significant progress in our understanding of starch biosynthesis has been achieved through the use of these technologies. In this review, starch structure, functionality and use in industry are discussed. The recent discoveries in the area of starch biosynthesis are reviewed and several potential plant breeding and/or genetic engineering strategies for the modification of starch synthesis in planta are presented.
Thermoelasticity without energy dissipation of nonsimple materials
Authors: Quintanilla R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this article we propose a model of the nonsimple thermoelastic theory without energy dissipation. The equations of the linear theory are also obtained. Later, we obtain a uniqueness theorem for materials with a center of symmetry and an existence and uniqueness result in the general case. It is worth noting that we present two uniqueness results that apply to two different families of equations that govern the thermoelasticity without energy dissipation of nonsimple materials.
Mixed finite element methods with discontinuous pressures for the axisymmetric Stokes problem
Authors: Ruas V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo methods for solving the Stokes system in the axisymmetric case are studied. Both are designed for the standard Galerkin formulation, and use discontinuous pressure spaces. The first method is a rectangular based Q2‐P1 method due to Fortin. The other one is the so‐called Crouzeix‐Raviart triangle. Both methods are proven to be second order convergent in the natural weighted Sobolev norms, for the system under consideration.