bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of photodynamic effect in normal rat keratinocytes by treatment with 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3
Authors: Matsuyama Asako , Nakano Hajime , Harada Ken , Yamazaki Takehiko , Kanno Takahiro , Wakui Makoto , Hanada Katsumi 
Published: November 2003

Background: To better understand the pathogenesis of photodynamic therapy (PDT)‐induced apoptosis cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]i was measured using cultured fetal rat keratinocytes (FRSKs). Moreover, the influence of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) with the action of increasing [Ca2+]i on the PDT effect was studied.Methods: FRSKs were treated with a medium containing the photosensitizer, aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcTs), and were then exposed to selective visible light derived from a halogen lamp. Electrophoresis of DNA extracted from the PDT‐treated cells revealed DNA fragmentation, a sign of apoptosis in cultured FRSKs under the condition with or without 1,25(OH)2D3.Results: PDT‐treated FRSKs exhibited increased levels of [Ca2+]i; these levels were significantly elevated further by the treatment of cells with 1,25(OH)2D3. However, cells treated with ethylene glycol bis (b‐aminoethyl ether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a chelator of extracellular calcium, prior to PDT did not show any DNA fragmentation either in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3.Conclusion: PDT‐induced apoptosis in FRSKs may be caused by the influx of extracellular calcium. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 clearly enhanced the DNA fragmentation in the cultured FRSKs, indicating the effect of increased [Ca2+]i. The combination therapy of AlPcTs‐PDT with the administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 may contribute to the enhancement of the AlPcTs‐PTD effect.
Thalidomide inhibits UVB‐induced mouse keratinocyte apoptosis by both TNF‐α‐dependent and TNF‐α‐independent pathways
Authors: Lu Kurt Q. , Brenneman Stephen , Burns Robert , Vink Ard , Gaines Erika , Haake Anne , Gaspari Anthony 
Published: November 2003

Background:Thalidomide is an anti‐inflammatory pharmacologic agent that has been utilized as a therapy for a number of dermatologic diseases. Its anti‐inflammatory properties have been attributed to its ability to antagonize tumor necrosis factor‐alfa (TNF‐α) production by monocytes. However, its mechanism of action in the skin is not known.Purpose:To test our hypothesis that thalidomide may antagonize TNF‐α production in the skin, we used a mouse model for acute ultraviolet‐B (UVB) exposure, a known stimulus for inducing this cytokine.Results:A single bolus dose of thalidomide (either 100 or 400 mg/kg) given immediately before UVB exposure (40–120 mJ/cm2) inhibited, in a dose‐dependent manner, sunburn cell formation (i.e. keratinocyte (KC) apoptosis as defined by histologic appearance and confirmed by terminal transferase mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end labelling staining) in mouse skin biopsy specimens. However, this agent did not affect the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, a measure of UVB‐induced DNA damage, which is an early event associated with apoptosis. RNase protection assays confirmed that high (400 mg/kg), but not low (100 mg/kg), doses of thalidomide inhibited the UVB‐induced increase in steady‐state TNF‐α mRNA. Additionally, ourin vitrodata using neonatal mouse KCs showed that thalidomide prevented UVB‐induced cell death (JAM assay). The antiapoptotic effects of thalidomide can be reversed by the addition of exogenous recombinant mouse TNF‐α and hence reconstituting UVB‐induced programmed cell death. The inhibition of sunburn cell formation by low‐dose thalidomide in the absence of TNF‐α inhibition suggests that other, unidentified mechanisms of apoptosis inhibition are active.Conclusions:These data suggest that the anti‐inflammatory effects of thalidomide can affect UVB injury, and may, in part, explain its action in photosensitivity diseases such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Effect on Plasma Insulin and Plasma Glucose of Consuming White Wine Alone After a Meal
Authors: Kokavec Anna , Crowe Simon F. 
Published: November 2003

Background: Rodent studies have highlighted the possibility that alcohol may promote a significant decrease in the level of glucose‐stimulated plasma insulin concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a similar alcohol‐induced decrease in plasma insulin occurs in humans, by assessing the level of plasma insulin and plasma glucose when a moderate amount of commercially available bottled white wine is consumed alone after a meal.Methods: Eight nondiabetic men aged 19 to 22 years participated in this investigation. Participants were required to consume some food for 45 min before ingesting three standard units of white wine (30 g of alcohol) over 90 min. Plasma insulin and plasma glucose levels were assessed at regular 45‐min intervals across the experimental period.Results: The data showed a significant alcohol‐induced decrease in the level of plasma insulin and a nonsignificant trend for a decrease in plasma glucose concentration in all participants after 15 g of alcohol had been consumed alone after a meal.Conclusions: These findings highlight the possibility that white wine, if consumed alone after a meal, may significantly alter energy utilization and possibly cause an alteration in glucose metabolism.
Decreased Proopiomelanocortin mRNA in Lymphocytes of Chronic Alcoholics After Intravenous Human Corticotropin Releasing Factor Injection
Authors: Rosenberger Peter , Mühlbauer Eckhard , Weissmüller Thomas , Rommelspacher Hans , Sinha Pranav , Wernecke Klaus D. , Finckh Ulrich , Rettig Jordan , Kox Wolfgang J. , Spies Claudia D. 
Published: November 2003

Background: Alcohol abuse may involve an altered neuroendocrine response that mediates lymphocyte‐derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC) production and inflammation. We investigated POMC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human lymphocytes ex vivo and their relation to plasma ACTH and immunoreactive β‐endorphin (IR‐β‐EP) after intravenous injection of human corticotropin releasing factor (hCRF) in chronic alcoholics (n= 12) and nonalcoholics (n= 12) before surgery. Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1 Ra) as a marker for chronic inflammation was determined.Methods: Chronic alcohol abuse was diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria and alcohol consumption >60 g/day. A reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction method with total RNA and subsequent solid phase minisequencing was used to quantify lymphocytic POMC mRNA after intravenous hCRF injection. Plasma ACTH, cortisol, and lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated IL‐1 Ra of monocytes were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and plasma IR‐β‐EP was measured by using radioimmunoassay.Results: Baseline values of POMC mRNA content in lymphocytes and IL‐1 Ra of chronic alcoholics were significantly increased compared with nonalcoholics (p < 0.01). Thirty minutes after intravenous hCRF injection, a significant increase of lymphocytic POMC mRNA was measured (p < 0.05) in nonalcoholics, whereas in chronic alcoholics a significant decrease was observed (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Chronic alcoholic patients had an altered neuroendocrine immune axis before intravenous hCRF administration and were not able to adjust to intravenous CRF injection by increasing lymphocytic POMC mRNA expression.
Impact of Providing Audiotapes of Primary Adjuvant Treatment Consultations to Women With Breast Cancer: A Multisite, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Hack Thomas F. , Pickles Tom , Bultz Barry D. , Ruether J. Dean , Weir Lorna M. , Degner Lesley F. , Mackey John R. 
Published: November 2003

Purpose: Women with breast cancer were provided with an audiotape of their primary adjuvant treatment consultation, and the following patient outcomes were measured at 12 weeks postconsultation: perceived degree of information provision, audiotape satisfaction and use, communication satisfaction with oncologist, mood state, and cancer-specific quality of life. Patients and Methods: Participants included 628 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and 40 oncologists from six cancer centers in Canada. The patients were block randomized to one of four consultation groups: standard care control, not audiotaped; audiotaped, no audiotape given; audiotaped, patient given audiotape; and audiotaped, patient offered choice of receiving audiotape or not. Results: Patients receiving the consultation audiotape had significantly better recall of having discussed side effects of treatment than patients who did not receive the audiotape. Audiotape benefit was not significantly related to patient satisfaction with communication, mood state, or quality of life at 12 weeks postconsultation, and was not significantly affected by choice of receiving the audiotape. Patients rated the audiotape intervention positively, with an average score of 83.9 of 100. Conclusion: Audiotape provision benefits patients by facilitating their perception of being informed about treatment side effects, but does not significantly influence patient satisfaction with communication, mood state, or quality of life.
Virtual reality modelling language: freely available cross-platform visualization technique for 3-D visualization of the inner ear
Authors: Hans Paul , Jackson Alan , Gillespie James E. , Ramsden Richard T. 
Published: November 2003

This was a study of the use of virtual reality modelling language (VRML) for cross-platform interactive three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images of the inner ear in the assessment of cochlear implant candidates.A retrospective case review was made of cochlear implant candidates undergoing pre-operative high-resolution MR studies to determine their suitability for implantation. 3-D visualizations of MR scans of the inner ear structures were created using surface rendering and exported as portable VRML files.Case studies are presented to illustrate different points of interest. VRML reconstructions aided the interpretation of two-dimensional (2-D) source images in a variety of inner ear abnormalities.VRML is an internationally recognized standard for cross-platform 3-D visualization that creates a means of providing the implanting surgeon with a portable 3-D representation of the inner ear, aiding interpretation of the complex cross-sectional anatomy of these structures, and guiding selection of patients for implantation as well as implantation technique. The elucidation of the mechanisms behind inner ear malformations can also be aided by detailed imaging studies of the temporal bone, with VRML reconstructions providing an easily interpreted representation of deformities.
Interpersonal profiles in eating disorders: Ratings of SASB self‐image
Authors: Björck Caroline , Clinton David , Sohlberg Staffan , Hällström Tore , Norring Claes 
Published: November 2003

Introduction: Although evidence suggests that interpersonal psychotherapy may be an efficacious treatment for eating disorders, there is surprisingly little systematic knowledge about the interpersonal world of these patients.Method: SASB self‐image ratings were used to explore interpersonal profiles in a large heterogeneous sample of eating disorders (N = 830), matched normal controls (N = 105) and a small group of controls with subclinical depression (N = 26).Results: Eating disorder patients clearly presented with significantly more negative interpersonal profiles compared to controls. Within the eating disorder group, anorexics were characterized by high self‐control, self‐blame and self‐attack. Patients with binge eating disorder expressed the least negative self‐image, and were significantly more self‐affirming than bulimics and less self‐controlling than patients with atypical eating disorders.Conclusions: Eating disorder patients may have distinct interpersonal profiles that increase the risk of negative therapeutic reaction. Better knowledge of interpersonal processes in eating disorders may help to improve both diagnostic assessment and treatment.
The relationship between attachment strategies and psychopathology in adolescence
Authors: Brown Lucy Scott , Wright John 
Published: November 2003

Aim: The majority of research investigating attachment and psychopathology has focused largely on children, and more recently adults. By comparison, few studies have considered the role of attachment on the development of psychopathology during adolescence. The scarcity of studies in this area is surprising given that adolescence is a critical period of psychological adjustment. This study investigates attachment patterns in adolescence and their relationship to symptomatology and interpersonal difficulties.Method: A two‐sample comparative design was employed so that a clinical group of adolescents were compared with a matched non‐clinical group, on attachment classifications (using a modified Separation Anxiety Test), reported interpersonal difficulties and clinical symptoms.Results: Significant differences were found between the clinical and non‐clinical groups on attachment classifications. Adolescents with ambivalent attachment patterns reported significantly more interpersonal difficulties and symptoms compared to young people classified as having secure and avoidant attachment classifications. The results are suggestive of specific differences in the way difficulties are reported.Conclusion: The findings are consistent with two strategies of affect regulation. It is proposed that a ‘hyperactivating’ strategy and a ‘deactivating’ strategy may be operating among those adolescents with ambivalent and avoidant attachment classifications, respectively. The implications of using self‐report measures in clinical work and for evidence‐based practice are discussed.
Dialogical relationships in impoverished narratives: From theory to clinical practice
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Salvatore Gianpaolo , Azzara Cristina , Catania Dario , Semerari Antonio , Hermans Hubert J. M. 
Published: November 2003

Individuals are guided in their actions in the world by a set of narratives portraying them in their relations with others. The narratives contain representations of self, of the world, of the various characters with which individuals interact and of the forms of relationship that they foresee establishing. Within the narratives the various characters, each from the position of an independent author, negotiate the meaning of events.A narrative can be altered either as regards its contents or its form. In this article, we describe impoverished narratives. These are lacking in various elements—descriptions of a narrator's inner state, of others' points of view, of the action scenario and of what goes on between the characters—and concentrate repetitively on only one or a few themes. With such features, individuals are hampered in their actions in the world. A therapist listening to a patient relating impoverished narratives finds it difficult to grasp what the problems are and what steps need to be taken. As a result, it takes longer or is not possible for each to become attuned with the other and to put together an agreed treatment programme. We illustrate this narrative deficit with a psychotherapy case study and hypothesize about the way a therapist ought to operate in order to tackle the deficit.
Living with puerperal psychosis: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Robertson Emma , Lyons Antonia 
Published: November 2003

Objectives: To explore women's experiences of the relatively uncommon postnatal illness of puerperal psychosis, and to gain understanding into living through and past the illness.Design: An interview‐based study using grounded theory principles to analyse the qualitative data.Methods: Interviews were conducted with 10 women who had been diagnosed and treated for puerperal psychosis (defined according to DSM‐IV criteria, with onset within six weeks of childbirth) during the last 10 years.Results: Three main categories were identified from the interviews: puerperal psychosis as a separate form of mental illness, loss, and relationships and social rules. Further, two higher order concepts were identified, termed ‘living with emotions’ and ‘regaining and changing sel’. These concepts emerged across, and linked, the categories previously identified.Conclusions: Women felt that the illness took away the ability to experience normal emotions, as affective responses were viewed as potentially pathogenic. Although puerperal psychosis was described as a life‐changing experience, the women used feeling like their ‘old sense of self’ as a marker for recovery. Anger and frustration were directed towards health services because of their lack of provision of adequate information and support for the women and their families. More support may have alleviated the stresses placed on relationships and informed families about the nature of the illness. Further work is needed to establish the long‐term effects of suffering from puerperal psychosis.
Evidences of high carbon catabolic enzyme activities during sporulation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Florida)
Authors: Chakraborty Tapas K. , Das Nirmalendu , Mukherjee Mina 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMeasurements of the specific activities of the representative enzymes of different pathways linked to carbohydrate metabolism indicate that glycolysis and TCA cycles are the major route of carbohydrate catabolism in the sporulating phase of fruiting body development in Pleurotus ostreatus. Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway always showed lower specific activities as compared to those of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The activity of NADP linked glutamate dehydrogenase which is known to be an anabolic enzyme decreased drastically in sporulating fruiting bodies and in spore containing gill tissue (spore bearing structure). Mannitol dehydrogenase activity declined significantly in the sporulating phase of P. ostreatus.The high rate of metabolism during sporulation was further supported by a lower rate of gluconeogenesis at this stage. Concentrations of all the major sugars of the fruiting body (mannitol, glucose and trehalose) decreased in the mature fruiting body and gill tissue. This indicated high catabolic activities at this stage of development.
Ksg1, a homologue of the phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1, controls cell wall integrity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Gräub Remo , Hilti Norma , Niederberger Christian , Schweingruber M. Ernst 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIt has previously been shown that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutant ksg1‐358 has a mating and sporulation defect at 30 °C and that it is temperature sensitive for growth at 35 °C. However the molecular basis for these phenotypes remained largely unknown. In this study we show that ksg1‐358 mutant cells lysed at the non‐permissive temperature, which could be prevented by sorbitol. Overexpression of ksg1 using the nmt1‐promoter showed slow growth and cells became swollen when incubated at 35 °C under low inositol conditions. Interestingly, in a two‐hybrid assay we found that the ksg1‐protein interacted with Pck1p, a protein implicated in regulating cell wall integrity in S. pombe. Genetic complementation assays showed that an overexpression of pck2, the homologue of pck1 involved in the regulation of cell wall synthesis, could partially rescue ksg1‐358 phenotypes. We digested the ksg1‐358 cell wall using β‐glucanase. We found that the ksg1‐358 mutant was more resistant to cell lysis at 30 °C than the wildtype strain h972, which was similar to a pck1‐deletion strain. A ksg1‐overexpressing strain was hypersensitive towards β‐glucanase treatment similar to a pck2‐deletion strain. The pck1‐deletion partially rescued β‐glucanase hypersensitivity of the ksg1‐overexpressing strain but the pck2‐deletion increased it. The ksg1‐358 mutation increased β‐glucanase resistance of a pck1‐overexpressing strain but it had no effect on a pck2‐overexpressing strain. Our results provide evidence that ksg1 is a novel regulator of cell wall integrity in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. They further suggest that Ksg1p acts in a pathway with Pck1p, possibly upstream and through direct interaction.
Effect of oxythiamin on growth rate, survival ability and pyruvate decarboxylase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Tylicki Adam , Łempicka Anna , Romaniuk‐Demonchaux Katarzyna , Czerniecki Jan , Dobrzyń Paweł , Strumiło Sławomir 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOxythiamin is one of the antivitamin derivatives of thiamin which, after phosphorylation, can be bound to the catalytic centre of thiamin‐dependent enzymes and inhibit these enzymes. In this work the influence of oxythiamin on the growth rate, survival and the activity of pyruvate decarboxylase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (s288c) was investigated. Oxythiamin decreased both the growth rate and survival ability of yeast cells. Moreover, in three‐day‐old cultures on a medium with oxythiamin, an increase of pyruvate decarboxylase activity was observed. This unusual effect may be in response to the earlier inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylase. A high concentration of pyruvate in the cell extracts taken from the medium with oxythiamin was found. This accumulation of pyruvate could provide for enhanced biosynthesis of the pyruvate decarboxylase apoform and an increase of enzyme activity.
Measuring goodwill trust between groups of people: three years of an oil industry alliance
Authors: Green Richard 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

The period from 1993 to 1998 saw the UK's upstream oil and gas industry move towards more collaborative relationships (partnering and alliances) between the oil companies and their contractors.
This paper is derived from observation over three years of an alliance between an oil company and five of its contractors involved in underwater projects.
The paper uses concepts of ‘goodwill trust’ and ‘obligational contractual relationships’ which have been introduced by Sako. The ideals of obligational contractual relationships are very similar to those of the collaborative relationships between companies in the UK upstream oil and gas industry in the 1990s.
Attitude surveys of members of the alliance in three consecutive years attempted to estimate the levels of goodwill trust between the people and companies in it.
It would be expected that trust levels within an alliance would rise over time as people gain experience of working with each other. Analysis of the results from the survey did show an overall increase in goodwill trust over the period but also showed some company pairs where trust levels remained low.
The paper speculates that the reasons for reduced levels of trust could include: the experiences inherited from previous relationships, project successes or failures affecting the way people felt about each other, perceived lack of fairness in allocation of risks and rewards, and changes in senior management.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current developments in SELDI affinity technology
Authors: Tang Ning , Tornatore Pete , Weinberger Scot R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

I.
Introduction
34

II.
Affinity Probes
35

A.  Initial Surface‐Affinity Research
36

B.  Self‐Assembled Monolayers
36

C.  Dextran
36

D.  Metal Affinity
36

E.  Antibody‐ and Protein‐Affinity Probes
37

F.  Lectin Affinity Capture
38

G.  Inherent Hydrophobic Interaction Bio‐Probes
38

H.  Bio‐Molecular Interaction Probes
39

III.
SELDI
39

A.  Fundamentals of SELDI
39

B.  SELDI in Proteomics
40

IV.
Conclusions
41

References
41

The overall history and recent advancements in Surface‐Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) affinity technology is reviewed. A detailed account of SELDI technology, utilizing Immobilized‐Metal Affinity surfaces, pseudo‐specific chromatographic surfaces, and biospecific interactive surfaces, is presented with particular emphasis placed upon examination of fundamental characteristics as well as specific applications for each. Finally, a detailed review of the specific use of such affinity surfaces in fundamental aspects of clinical, process, and research proteomics activity is presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 23:34–44, 2004