bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Quality’ in the Bologna Process: from ‘competitive edge’ to quality assurance techniques
Authors: SAARINEN TAINA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe theoretical premise of this article is that policy is constructed and presented discursively. The Bologna process presents us with an example of such a policy construction process where the quality policy goals are set jointly in transnational settings, requiring different kinds of negotiations and discursive strategies. Discourse analysis of policy texts can be useful in tracing policy changes and describing them, but also in explaining and understanding some of the developments that lead up to the implementation of the policies and the (political) views which are embedded in the debates. In this article, some discourse analytical methods are used to analyse the potential meanings of ‘quality’ at the European and national level of the Bologna process. The linguistic analysis focuses on the different meanings of ‘quality’ and the value assumptions attached to it from the point of view of word choice, metaphors and argumentation strategies. The data used are the official declarations and communiqués of the Bologna process; the central background reports of the process; and brief national follow‐up reports prepared for the Berlin meeting of 2003 from Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands.
Migration and Recognition of Diplomas in Sweden
Authors: DINGU‐KYRKLUND ELENA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTrans‐national migration is now a global phenomenon, affecting an increasing amount of persons, many of whom have already completed a form of higher education in their country of origin or earlier residence at the time of migration. There is consequently a need to evaluate foreign degrees and assess migrants’ professional competence beyond their initial borders. Recognition of diplomas against the background of the integration process is the core of this article. Combining considerations regarding migration and integration of highly educated international migrants on the labour market of their target countries with a closer perspective on the process of validation of foreign higher education and professional competence in Sweden, the article treats this topic as a European example of the development of an issue of increasing importance in years to come.
Implementation of New Public Management in Norwegian Universities
Authors: FRØLICH NICOLINE 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article analyses the implementation of market‐type mechanisms in the management of universities. The question of which cultural biases have been used in the implementation of New Public Management (NPM) in Norwegian universities is discussed. Cultural theory, institutional theory, and public policy studies are applied to the analysis of a case study of policy formulation and implementation of Management by Objectives (MBO) in two Norwegian universities as part of a New Public Management reform. The research design is a narrative approach in the context of a case study methodology. The article gives an analytical description of New Public Management reform in the Universities of Bergen and Oslo based on a content analysis of a large amount of related documentation. Beginning with the presentation of a four‐culture rationale that provides the methodological tools of analysis, the author goes on to describe in detail several stages of decision‐making processes and implementation queries in the two universities under study.
CONCEPTIONS OF SELF/NO‐SELF AND MODES OF CONNECTION  Comparative Soteriological Structures in Classical Chinese Thought
Authors: Berkson Mark A. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThis essay examines the ways that the terms “self” and “no‐self” can illuminate the views of classical Chinese thinkers, particularly Confucians such as Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi, and the Daoist thinker Zhuangzi. In particular, the use of the term “no‐self ” to describe Zhuangzi's position is defended. The concepts of self and no‐self are analyzed in relation to other terms within the thinkers' “concept clusters”—specifically temporality, nature, and social roles—and suggestions are given for constructing typologies that sort out the range of meanings of self and no‐self based on the characteristics of the relations among terms within the concept clusters. The essay focuses on the way that the Confucians and Zhuangzi use concepts of self and no‐self, respectively, as soteriological strategies that aim at making connections with larger systems or wholes, and it concludes that different connections are emphasized by the Confucians and Zhuangzi precisely because the various connections are made possible and sustained by different conceptions of self, temporality, nature, and social roles.
FRAMES OF COMPARISON  Anthropology and Inheriting Traditional Practices
Authors: Lewis Thomas A. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThis essay seeks to develop and illustrate an approach to comparison based onad hocframes. A frame is defined by a question, to which different thinkers can be seen as offering complementary and/or competing responses. Pursuing a middle ground between universalist conceptions of comparison and particularist rejections of comparison, this approach brings various positions into dialogue in a manner that is not inherently totalizing. The article draws extensively on Hegel's philosophy of religion to articulate this approach to comparison and its presuppositions. The second section of the essay seeks to illustrate the value of this approach by using the question of how traditional practices are inherited to frame a comparison of Hegel on habit and the Confucian thinker Xunzi on ritual. This comparison functions principally to indicate the process of comparison and suggest the value of pursuing this comparison in greater depth.
THE HISTORICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE GOLDEN RULE AND THE SECOND GREATEST LOVE COMMAND
Authors: Stanglin Keith D. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThe golden rule, perhaps the most recognizable moral maxim in Western culture, is an inadequate basis for morality. In light of its flaws as a precept and its apparent lack of moral content, it is initially perplexing that the historic Judeo‐Christian tradition has often linked the golden rule with the second greatest command to love one's neighbor as oneself. However, after examining the presuppositions behind this link and investigating the biblical context of these sayings, it is clear that the Judeo‐Christian tradition is justified in making this connection. Although the golden rule and the love command should not be conflated and their distinctions should not be abandoned, the biblical intention of the golden rule can only be understood and properly practiced in connection with the love command.
A systematic review of qualitative literature on educational interventions for evidence‐based practice
Authors: Bradley Peter , Nordheim Lena , De La Harpe Davida , Innvær Simon , Thompson Carl 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis review considers individual experience of educational interventions for evidence‐based practice (EBP) and presents a two‐stage approach for synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research. To find relevant reports, a search was performed in 8 biomedical databases and 3 health education journals. In addition, relevant experts and E‐mail: discussion lists were contacted, and reference lists of reports were checked. Two reviewers quality appraised all reports according to predefined checklists. In total, seven reports (6 studies) were included. Two main frameworks were then used to synthesize the data from the included studies based on (a) predetermined research questions and (b) educational theory. The results were then compared with existing research (systematic reviews). The included studies were limited in number and gave limited insight. Nonetheless, some clear issues emerged. Many participants emphasized that course aims, objectives and, where relevant, precourse tasks, should be more clearly communicated, especially when courses were innovative, complex or presented in a new setting. Experiences suggested that educational uptake and the implementation of skills in practice were directly linked to the participants’ perceptions of the relevance of courses to their professional roles. A range of educational models are used to teach EBP, but no studies were found that directly compared the experiences of participants at different types of EBP courses, or described their potential strengths or weaknesses. Future studies should document educational process, outcomes and the experiences of providers and participants, and explicitly use educational theory to plan, implement and evaluate educational interventions.
Prospective randomised single blind study of epidural steroid injection comparing triamcinalone acetonide with methylprednisolone acetate
Authors: ANWAR A. , ZAIDAH I. , ROZITA R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim:  This study aims to assess the effectiveness of epidural steroid injection as well as comparing two agents commonly used in these procedures, namely triamcinalone acetonide and methylprednisolone acetate.Method:  Twenty subjects were recruited into each group receiving either agent.Results:  Overall result showed that there were marked improvement in symptoms in both agents but there were no differences in terms of superiority from one agent to another.Conclusion:  Epidural steroid injection is effective and both agents are equipotent.
New simple way to use the classification tree for the diagnosis of Behcet's disease
Authors: DAVATCHI Fereydoun , CHITSAZ Sam , JAMSHIDI Ahmad‐Reza , NADJI Abdol‐Hadi , CHAMS‐DAVATCHI Cheyda , SHAMS Hormoz , SHAHRAM Farhad , AKBARIAN Mahmood , GHARIBDOOST Farhad , ABDOLLAHI Bahar Sadeghi , ZIAIE Naghmeh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground:  Behcet's Disease (BD) is a vasculitis of unknown origin. It is mainly seen around the Silk Road. The classification tree is the most sensitive and accurate criteria for the classification and diagnosis of the disease. The use of a classification tree necessitates having the diagram in hand. An arithmetic method was developed to replace the diagram by easy‐to‐remember figures.Methods:  Each criterion was given an appropriate value: ocular lesions were given 5 points, oral aphthosis 4 points, genital aphthosis 3 points, pathergy phenomenon 2 points, and skin manifestations 1 point. Seven points or higher values were necessary to classify a patient as having Behcet's disease. The arithmetic method was tested in 5276 BD patients and in 2407 control patients.Results:  The sensitivity of the classification tree was 97.2%, the specificity was 96.7%, and the accuracy was 97.1%. The arithmetic method gave exactly the same results.Discussion:  The arithmetic extrapolation of the classification tree is a new and simple way for the diagnosis and the classification of Behcet's disease.
Substance use during pregnancy: risk factors and obstetric and perinatal outcomes in South Australia
Authors: KENNARE Robyn , HEARD Adrian , CHAN Annabelle 
Published: May 2005

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of self‐reported substance use during pregnancy in South Australia, the characteristics of substance users, their obstetric outcomes and the perinatal outcomes of their babies.Methods: Multivariable logistic regression with STATA statistical software was undertaken using the South Australian perinatal data collection 1998–2002. An audit was conducted on every fifth case coded as substance use to identify the actual substances used.Results: Substance use was reported by women in 707 of 89 080 confinements (0.8%). Marijuana (38.9%), methadone (29.9%), amphetamines (14.6%) and heroin (12.5%) were most commonly reported, with polydrug use among 18.8% of the women audited. Substance users were more likely than non‐users to be smokers, to have a psychiatric condition, to be single, indigenous, of lower socio‐economic status and living in the metropolitan area. The outcome models had poor predictive powers. Substance use was associated with increased risks for placental abruption (OR 2.53) and antepartum haemorrhage from other causes (OR 1.41). The exposed babies had increased risks for preterm birth (OR 2.63), small for gestational age (OR 1.79), congenital abnormalities (1.52), nursery stays longer than 7 days (OR 4.07), stillbirth (OR 2.54) and neonatal death (OR 2.92).Conclusions: Substance use in pregnancy is associated with increased risks for antepartum haemorrhage and poor perinatal outcomes. However, only a small amount of the variance in outcomes can be explained by the substance use alone. Recent initiatives to improve identification and support of women exposed to adverse health, psychosocial and lifestyle factors will need evaluation.
Management of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: an audit. How do the results compare with clinical practice guidelines?
Authors: GILES Michelle , GARLAND Suzanne , OATS Jeremy J. N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBackground: Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes is a common clinical event. It is associated with infection in approximately 50% of cases. Clinical practice guidelines have been developed at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia for investigation and management of this condition.Aim: To perform an audit of management of women presenting with this diagnosis and assess how inpatient management compares with the Hospital's current clinical practice guideline and how the clinical practice guideline compares with the evidence in the literature.Methods: Retrospective audit over a 3‐month period collecting data on maternal age, gestation, microbiological results, other investigations, pharmacological treatment and outcome.Results: All the 56 women admitted for this reason received at least one dose of antibiotic, most commonly erythromycin. More than two thirds of patients had the antibiotic changed at least once during their admission. Ten patients were prescribed intravenous antibiotics without a clear indication. Sixty‐four percent received steroids for lung maturation of the neonate and 30% received tocolysis with nifedipine. Almost two thirds of patients delivered within 7 days and there were four neonatal deaths.Conclusion: In general management of women with premature rupture of membranes is in keeping with the current clinical practice guideline at the Royal Women's Hospital although antibiotic prescribing and management of Group B streptococcus colonisation could be improved. In addition, routine measurement of C reactive protein should cease. The current clinical practice guideline should be modified to reflect the current evidence in the literature.
Sulpiride and Paroxetine in the Treatment of Chronic Tension‐Type Headache. An Explanatory Double‐Blind Trial
Authors: Langemark Michael , Olesen Jes 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISDrugs influencing monoaminergic pathways are of potential use in the treatment of pain.A serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor, paroxetine (20‐30 mg daily), and a dopamine antagonist, sulpiride (200‐400 mg daily) were compared in a randomized, double‐blind, response‐conditional cross‐over pilot study in 50 non‐depressed patients with chronic tension‐type headache.Headache was scored daily on a 5‐point verbal scale during 4‐weeks baseline and during 8 weeks of treatment for each drug. A 5‐point ‘Global’ assessment was obtained for each drug, In both treatment groups headache score decreased compared to baseline.Group comparison of 24 patients first treated with paroxetine and 24 patients first treated with sulpiride showed a non‐significant trend in favor of sulpiride by 'Global' evaluation and by evaluation of the available diary records (18 paroxetine‐treated and 19 sulpiride‐treated).Cross‐over analysis of ‘Global’ records from 20 patients treated with paroxetine followed by sulpiride and 17 patients treated in the reverse order showed better relief from sulpiride compared to paroxetine in patients having tested both drugs (P=.03). A similar difference was reflected in available headache scores (13 and 10 patients respectively; P=.03). Predominant side effects were sedation and depression, for paroxetine also nausea and head pain. None of the drugs improved headache more than one score‐point on average. A placebo controlled trial of sulpiride may be warranted.
SUNCT Syndrome: Estimation of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity with Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Shen Jie Ming , Johnsen Hans‐Jørgen 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISFour patients with SUNCT syndrome (Short‐lasting, Unilateral, Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing) were investigated with Doppler ultra‐sonography. Blood flow velocity (V) was measured in all intracranial arteries during both normocapnia and voluntary hyperventilation in 4 patients outside attacks (2 during remission; 2 during bout, but outside attacks) and in 8 healthy individuals. Vasomotor reactivity (VMR) was calculated on the basis of the formula of percentage change in V divided by the reduction in end‐tidal PCO2 (PETCO2). Under the basal condition, the patients had a slightly, but non‐significantly higher V in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (P>0.1) and lower V in the basilar artery (P>0.05) than controls. During hyperventilation, a significant reduction in V was observed in the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, at a level 1.5‐2 SD above that in controls (P < 0.05), but a non‐significant difference in VMR in comparison with controls. VMCA was continuously insonated during spontaneous (n=8) and precipitated (n=4) attacks in one particular patient on different days. Prior to attack, VMCA was significantly lower on the symptomatic side than on the non‐symptomatic side (P <0.014). V MCA decreased significantly during spontaneous attacks on both sides (P < 0.01) in comparison with the pre‐attack stage, and returned to baseline before the cessation of attack. Similar findings were made during precipitated attacks. PETCO2, was rather constant throughout the entire attack study. Our data suggest that abnormal cerebral circulation may be part of the SUNCT syndrome. The vascular changes may have underlying mechanisms differing from those of the pain.
Complicated Retinal Migraine
Authors: Inan Levant E. , Uysal Hilmi , Ergün Ufuk , Yurdakul Muhlis , Karagöz Halil 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISRetinal migraine is not uncommon, but permanent sequelae are rare. We describe the case of a 23‐year‐old woman who had suffered from retinal migraine for five years. After a typical migraine attack a left nasal quadranopsia persisted. Fluorescein angiography showed a branch retinal arterial occlusion. Other causes were ruled out by appropriate laboratory techniques. Her visual field defect has persisted for eleven months.
Interdisciplinary Outpatient Group Treatment of Intractable Headache
Authors: Scharff Lisa , Marcus Dawn A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISApproximately 10% of adults suffer from severe or disabling headaches. For many patients, headaches are reduced with traditional medical, physical, or psychological therapies. However, a significant minority continue to report debilitating headaches despite the use of these conventional therapies. An integrated, interdisciplinary approach combining these three individual components in a group treatment setting was offered to patients who had failed previous therapy. The interdisciplinary treatment resulted in over 70% of patients experiencing a 50% or better reduction in headaches at follow‐up of an average of 5.8 months. Overall, there was an average reduction in medication use at follow‐up of 71%. The treated group reported significantly greater reduction in headache activity and medication consumption compared to a group that was referred to but did not receive group treatment. The results suggest that an interdisciplinary outpatient group treatment may provide a cost‐effective end time‐efficient treatment option for patients with a variety of recurring headaches, even if they have failed conventional therapies that use medical, physical, and psychological treatments individually.
Migraine and the Neck
Authors: Blau J.N. , MacGregor E.A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISFifty patients with migraine were asked about the occurrence of neck symptoms during different phases of their attacks, and if they felt the neck could act as a precipitant. Of the 32 reporting neck pain or stiffness, 10 noted symptoms during the premonitory phase, 30 during the headache phase, and 10 postdromally. In 7 cases the pain radiated into the shoulder and in 1 case into the lumbar region. These findings indicate extracerebral involvement of the migraine process and an overlap between the trigeminal and cervical distribution.
Migraine Headaches: Coping Efficacy of Guided Imagery Training
Authors: Ilacqua Giorgio E. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThis study compares the effectiveness of guided imagery, (psychosynthetic approach), and biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headache. Specifically, the volunteer's subjective perception of the efficacy of the treatments is assessed.The subjects were 40 male and female volunteers presenting with migraine headache diagnosis at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment conditions or to a control group. All subjects attended six sessions of training. Measures were completed pre‐ and post‐treatment.The results did not reveal significant reduction in migraine activity in any of the treatment groups. There were no differences among the groups regarding the intake of medication. Nevertheless the implementation of guided imagery training resulted in subjective reports of improved capacity to cope with the pain and in subjective reports of a reduced perception of the pain itself, although objective measures did not indicate an appreciable change in migraine activity.Findings from the present study do not support either feedback or guided imagery training as more effective in counteracting migraines although subjective reports do favor guided imagery as having a positive influence on the perception of migraine pain.These findings are discussed from the perspective of empowering the sufferers by providing them with a more active role in dealing with the migraine triggering physiology, abandoning the "learned helplessness" typical of chronic pain syndromes.The issue of cost effectiveness is raised and it supports the use of guided imagery versus biofeedback training given the lack of theoretical agreement in the current literature.
Headache Recurrence in Pregnant Women with Migraine
Authors: Chen T‐C. , Leviton A. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe goal of this study was to evaluate to what extent pregnancy influences headache recurrence in women with · diagnosis of migraine at, or before, their first prenatal visit. Data from the large, prospective Collaborative Perinatal Project of 55,000 pregnancies were reviewed. Less than 2% of women in the sample of first study pregnancies were considered to have migraine at their initial prenatal visit (n=508). Of the 484 women with a complete data set, 17% experienced complete cessation of headache throughout pregnancy and another 62% experienced two or fewer headaches in the third trimester. These observations lead to the conclusion that many migraineurs (79% in this sample) experience improvement in headache recurrence during pregnancy. Only 21% experienced no improvement at all. No demographic or obstetrical factor was associated with headache improvement.