bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of lymphocystis disease virus from sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, and blackspot sea bream, Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich)
Authors: Alonso M C , Cano I , Garcia‐Rosado E , Castro D , Lamas J , Barja J L , Borrego J J 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTwo viruses were isolated from cultured sole, Solea senegalensis, and wild blackspot sea bream, Pagellus bogaraveo, and preliminarily characterized as lymphocystis disease viruses (LCDVs). Viral isolates were characterized by morphological, biochemical and biophysical properties. In addition, the susceptibility of four fish cell lines was also tested. LCDV isolates developed cytopathic effects on the SAF‐1 cell line at 5 and 6 days post‐infection and reached titres of 106 TCID50 mL−1. The antigenic and structural protein analysis of the two new LCDV isolates showed identical profiles to that obtained for LCDV strain Leetown NFH (ATCC VR‐342), used as a reference viral strain, and for an LCDV isolate collected from gilt‐head sea bream, Sparus aurata, cultured in southern Spain. Molecular confirmation was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Specific primers for LCDV produced a 270‐bp DNA fragment, the expected size for LCDV.
Cutaneous antibodies from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) may induce apoptosis of Ich theronts
Authors: Xu D‐H , Klesius P H , Shoemaker C A 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study explored the existence of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich) theronts and determined the effect of cutaneous antibodies in skin culture fluid from fish immune to Ich on theront apoptosis. Apoptosis was detected in theronts and was clearly distinguished by fluorescent microscopy after staining with acridine orange and propidium iodide. The apoptotic theronts showed characteristic chromatin condensation and nuclear fragments containing chromatin pieces. The externalization of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane of apoptotic theronts was detected with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated annexin using flow cytometry. Theront apoptosis was induced using the skin culture fluid from fish immune to Ich, which contained cutaneous antibodies against Ich. The highest apoptosis appeared in theronts exposed to immune skin culture fluid at a 1:10 dilution, compared with those at 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions. A direct correlation was noted between the percentage of apoptotic theronts and exposure duration to immune skin culture fluid. The study indicated that antibody reaction with theronts (immobilization) played an important role in theront apoptosis, but it could not be excluded that other components released from the excised skin had effects on theronts.
Adhesion to sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, mucus of microorganisms isolated from farmed fish, and their interaction with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
Authors: Chabrillón M , Rico R M , Balebona M C , Moriñigo M A 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMost studies carried out to select microorganisms as candidate probiotics have focused on in vitro antagonism tests, such as the production of inhibitory compounds against pathogenic microorganisms. However, attachment to mucous surfaces could be another criterion to be considered when selecting potential probiotics for aquaculture. Nineteen isolates obtained from farmed Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, and gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., have been evaluated for their capacity to adhere to skin and intestinal mucus of Senegalese sole, and their antagonistic effect against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, an important pathogen for farmed sole. The isolates from gilthead sea bream showed the highest percentage of adhesion to sole mucus, whilst the pathogenic microorganisms assayed and the isolates from sole showed, in general, a lower ability to adhere to sole mucus. The results suggest that the adhesion to fish mucus was more dependent on the isolate tested than on the host mucus. The isolates from gilthead sea bream also showed a higher antagonistic activity against P. damselae subsp. piscicida than those from Senegalese sole. Four isolates were selected, on the basis of their adhesive ability and antagonistic effect on P. damselae subsp. piscicida, to study their interactions with the pathogen in respect of adhesion to skin and intestinal mucus under exclusion, competition and displacement conditions. The results obtained show the ability of three isolates to reduce the adhesion of P. damselae subsp. piscicida to sole mucus under displacement and competition conditions. The adhesion of the pathogen to sole intestinal mucus was also significantly reduced when three isolates were assayed under exclusion conditions.
Evidence for disruption of Na+‐K+‐ATPase and hsp70 during vibriosis of sea bream, Sparus (=Rhabdosargus) sarba Forsskål
Authors: Deane E E , Woo N Y S 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOsmoregulation via the sodium pump (Na+‐K+‐ATPase) and cytoprotection via expression of different families of heat shock protein (hsp) were studied at transcriptional/translational levels during progressive vibriosis in silver sea bream, Sparus (=Rhabdosargus) sarba Measurements of Na+‐K+‐ATPase activity showed that an early and drastic decline occurred in the kidney of infected fish. This reduction in Na+‐K+‐ATPase activity was not caused by transcriptional downregulation of genes coding for either the Na+‐K+‐ATPase α or β subunits. Using specific antibodies, data from immunoassays showed that the decreased sodium pump activity was caused by the specific loss of the translated glycosylated Na+‐K+‐ATPase β subunit. Data from immunoassays of different hsp families demonstrated that the expression of hsp90 and hsp60 remained unchanged throughout vibriosis whereas expression of the hsp70 family decreased in kidney and liver tissues. As hsp70 is a multigene family, the expression of the constitutive (hsc70) and inducible (hsp70) members of the hsp70 family were studied and it was found that hsp70 and hsc70 expression decreased from an early stage of infection in the kidney and the liver respectively. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis of the hsp70 transcription‐inducing factor, hsf1, demonstrated that loss of cytoprotective function during vibriosis was mediated by a downregulation of hsf1 transcription.
Molecular Variability and Distribution of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses in Nigeria
Authors: Ariyo O. A. , Koerbler M. , Dixon A. G. O. , Atiri G. I. , Winter S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSeveral begomovirus species and strains causing Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) have been reported from cassava in Africa. In Nigeria, African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) was the predominant virus in this important crop, and East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), first reported from eastern Nigeria in 1999, was also found occasionally. A survey was conducted in 2002 to resolve the diversity of the virus types present in cassava in Nigeria and to further understand the increasing complexity of the viruses contributing to CMD. A total of 234 leaf samples from cassava with conspicuous CMD symptoms were collected in farmers’ fields across different agroecological zones of Nigeria and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with type‐specific primers. In addition and, to provide a full characterization of the viruses present, DNA‐A genome components of several viruses and informative genome fragments were sequenced. In Nigeria, ACMV proved to be the dominant virus with 80% of all samples being positive for ACMV. The East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV) prevalent in Cameroon and Ivory Coast was detected in single infections (2%) and in mixed infections (18%) with ACMV. There was no indication for other virus strains of EACMV present in the country. The EACMCV samples collected showed a high nucleotide sequence identity >98% and resembled the described sequence of a Cameroon isolate (EACMCV‐CM) more than an Ivory Coast isolate, EACMCV‐CM[CI]. Evidence is provided that the EACMCV has reached epidemiological significance in Nigeria.
Effects of Drip Irrigation on Population of Verticillium dahliae in Olive Orchards
Authors: López‐Escudero F. J. , Blanco‐López M. A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractVerticillium wilt of olive (Olea europaea L.), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is nowadays the most serious olive disease in Spain. The disease increments are being observed particularly in young olive plantations, favoured by several factors including inadequate cultural practices and crop production intensification, such as irrigation. Thus, three olive orchards affected by Verticillium wilt, with disease incidence ranging 30–50%, were selected to determine if the drip irrigation could favour the increase of pathogen in soil. Pathogen in soil was quantified in wet zones around the drippers and in dry zones out of them. Inoculum density in all experiments was higher in wet than in dry areas. After 4 months of watering, soil pathogen population increased considerably in wet and dry areas but inoculum density remained higher in the wet soil.
The Influence of the Inoculum Source of Rhizoctonia solani on Development of Black Scurf on Potato
Authors: Tsror (Lahkim) L. , Peretz‐Alon I. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of stem canker and black scurf on potato, survives as sclerotia on tubers, in soil and in plant residues. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the importance of inoculum source on disease development. Disease‐free minitubers and seed tubers contaminated with low levels of R. solani were planted in fumigated or artificially inoculated growth mixture in greenhouse experiments. Black scurf incidence and severity were significantly higher when the inoculum was present in both seed tubers and soil, compared with either of them separately. The severity of disease symptoms on the subterranean parts of the plant also were significantly higher in plots where both seed tubers and soil were contaminated, compared with plots where the inoculum source was either the seed tubers or the soil. Thus, both major sources of inoculum, seed tubers and soil, are important in disease development. However, when both sources are present, black scurf incidence and severity are increased, leading to economical damage to tuber yield and quality. Additional results from field trials support these findings. Disease incidence and severity on daughter tubers were correlated with levels of contamination in seed tubers and soil. When seed tubers and soil were heavily infested, the levels of black scurf incidence and severity on daughter tubers were very high; when seed tuber and soil infestation were very low, black scurf incidence and severity on progeny were also lower. Disease levels were reduced by in‐furrow fungicide treatment, but were less effective when the initial levels of the fungus on the seed tubers and in the soil were high.
The monetary approach to exchange rates in the CEECs1
Authors: Crespo‐Cuaresma Jesús , Fidrmuc Jarko , MacDonald Ronald 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA panel dataset for six Central and Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) is used to estimate the monetary exchange rate model with panel cointegration methods, including the Pooled Mean Group estimator, the Fully Modified Least Square estimator and the Dynamic Least Square estimator. The monetary model is able to convincingly explain the long‐run exchange rate relationships of a group of CEECs, particularly when this is supplemented by a Balassa–Samuelson effect. Our estimated long‐run monetary equations are used to compute equilibrium exchange rates. Finally, we discuss the implications for the accession of selected countries to the European Economic and Monetary Union.
Dialyzer reactions in a patient switching from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis
Authors: Yang Robert C. , Lindsay Robert M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMany terms have been used to describe the collection of signs and symptoms triggered by the initial use of dialyzers. These reactions can be divided into Type A (hypersensitivity reactions, with the incidence of 4/100,000) and Type B (nonspecific reactions, incidence 3–5/100). Many different mechanisms have been postulated, including complement activation, pulmonary leukostasis, hypersensitivity to ethylene oxide, interaction between the AN69 membrane and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, and dialysate contamination. An unusual case of dialyzer reactions is presented here, involving a patient who had to discontinue peritoneal dialysis when she was admitted with fungal peritonitis. Upon initiation of hemodialysis, she experienced dyspnea and burning sensation and demonstrated significant leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and oxygen desaturation. These reactions persisted despite double‐rinsing of the dialyzers and the use of several different dialyzers with synthetic membranes (polysulfone and AN69), and a variety of sterilization methods (electron beam and gamma radiation). In the end, a simple measure was found to be effective in preventing further dialyzer reactions in this fascinating case.
Considerations in the nutritional management of patients with acute renal failure
Authors: Strejc Jill M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDespite improvements in medical and dialytic therapies, mortality rates for patients with complicated acute renal failure (ARF) remains tragically high—above 50%. Mortality rates also remain persistently high in patients with ARF and preexisting or hospital‐acquired malnutrition. ARF causes significant changes in substrate utilization largely because of the metabolic consequences of acute uremia compounded by underlying stress from acute illness. Alterations in protein or amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism as well as fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance need to be considered when providing nutritional therapy in patients with ARF. Also, the degree of renal impairment, which influences the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), impacts nutritional requirements. As medical management is becoming highly aggressive in treating ARF with RRT, the ability to provide adequate nutrition is enhanced; however, no consensus on optimal caloric and macro‐/micronutrient requirements is available. More current research is required to clarify nutritional needs of this patient population. Nevertheless, individualizing nutrition care and integrating nutritional therapies within a team setting is essential in providing optimal patient care in the presence of ARF.
Chronic viral hepatitis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Tang Sydney , Lai Kar Neng 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEver since the first outbreaks of hepatitis in hemodialysis units in the late 1960s, a number of hepatotropic viruses transmitted by blood and other body fluids have been identified. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding these blood‐borne agents from an epidemiologic and preventive perspective. Data source and study selection were obtained from research and review articles related to the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in hemodialysis and indexed on Medline and Embase from 1965 to 2004. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was the first significant hepatotropic virus to be identified in hemodialysis centers. HBV infection has been effectively controlled by active vaccination, screening of blood donors, the use of erythropoietin, and segregation of HBV carriers. To date, HBV remains an important cause of morbidity in endemic areas. Hepatitis delta virus is a defective virus that can only infect HBV‐positive individuals. Hepatitis C virus is the most significant cause of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and is mainly transmitted by blood transfusion. The introduction in 1990 of routine screening of blood donors for HCV contributed significantly to the control of HCV transmission. An effective HCV vaccine remains an unsolved challenge, however. Pegylation of interferon‐α has made it possible to treat HCV‐positive dialysis patients. Unexplained sporadic outbreaks of hepatitis by the mid‐1990s prompted the discovery of hepatitis G virus and hepatitis GB virus C in 1995 and the TT virus in 1997. Although epidemiologic analyses revealed high prevalence rates of both viruses in the hemodialysis population, their exact role in liver disease has yet to be determined. The vigilant observation of guidelines on universal precaution and regular virologic testing are the cornerstones of the effective control of chronic hepatitis in the setting of hemodialysis.
Short and long alteplase dwells in dysfunctional hemodialysis catheters
Authors: Macrae Jennifer Marie , Loh Gabriel , Djurdjev Ognjenka , Shalansky Steven , Werb Ron , Levin Adeera , Kiaii Mercedeh 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground:  Hemodialysis catheter dysfunction (CD) is the inability to attain adequate blood pump speeds (BPS) and is attributed to thrombus or catheter malposition; alteplase (TPA) is often given in a variety of dwell times to treat CD. The purpose of this study was to determine if TPA dwell time affects short‐ or long‐term catheter patency rates.Methods:  Sixty hemodialysis (HD) patients with CD, as defined by BPS of < 250 mL/min, were randomized to receive either 1‐ or > 48‐hr (to subsequent HD run) TPA dwell. The primary outcomes were catheter patency (BPS of > 250 mL/min) at the subsequent HD run and catheter patency at 2 weeks. The secondary outcome was the time from study entry to the next catheter intervention (including subsequent TPA installation).Results:  After TPA installation, a 78% overall catheter patency rate was observed at the subsequent HD run, falling to 48% patency at 2 weeks. There is no statistically significant difference between the short and long TPA dwell groups for catheter patency at the subsequent HD run (76.9% vs. 79.4%) or at 2 weeks (42.3% vs. 52.9%). Multivariate analysis demonstrates that the use of TPA on two or more previous occasions is a predictor of TPA failure both at the subsequent HD run and at 2 weeks. TPA installation achieves a median catheter function time of only 14 days, after which CD reoccurs.Conclusion:  This study demonstrates that although patency for the next HD run can be achieved with either short or long TPA dwell, neither is reliable in terms of long‐term patency. Strategies that employ TPA for CD are temporary and allow a 2‐week window during which more definitive therapies for HD access should be sought.
The marginal cost of satellite versus in‐center hemodialysis
Authors: Soroka Steven D. , Kiberd Bryce A. , Jacobs Philip 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground:  Despite increasing numbers of patients receiving hemodialysis in satellite units (SHD), the economic aspects have not been widely explored. A cost analysis of SHD and in‐center hemodialysis (ICHD) from a societal perspective was performed to establish the efficiencies associated with shifting resources and patients from ICHD to SHD.Methods:  Costs were classified as fixed or variable and placed into categories. The resources for operating a SHD unit are the sum of two components: total fixed costs (TFC) and average variable cost (AVC) times SHD patient volume (Q). Using the TFC of a specific‐sized SHD unit and the difference in AVC between ICHD and SHD the number of patients needed (Q) in the SHD unit for financial viability was determined. The formula TFC = (AVCICHD − AVCSHD) X Q was used to determine the number of patients (Q) needed in a specific‐sized SHD unit such that the yearly cost of SHD treatment would be the same as ICHD treatment.Results:  Our results show that SHD fixed costs can be fully offset if the volume of SHD patients is seven per year in a six‐station unit. SHD costs were lower for nursing and physician fees. Therefore, ICHD care variable costs were $11,374 more per patient year. SHD patients would also have lower travel costs, a mean cost saving of $12,364 per year.Conclusion:  SHD can result in significant savings both to the health‐care system and to patients. Using the cost categories and formula presented, the number of patients needed in a specific‐sized satellite unit to realize cost savings was determined for our program. We found that these savings can offset the fixed investment needed to operate a SHD unit at modest patient volumes.
Phosphorus‐enriched hemodialysis during pregnancy: Two case reports
Authors: Hussain Syed , Savin Virginia , Piering Walter , Tomasi Jane , Blumenthal Samuel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSuccessful pregnancy leading to delivery of a viable infant is an uncommon occurrence either in women with established renal disease or in those with renal failure requiring chronic dialytic treatment. The frequency of conception in patients with renal failure has increased, however, and the outcome of such pregnancies has improved over the past 32 years. Current guidelines for dialysis in pregnant women include prolonged dialysis times, generally 20 or more hours per week. This extensive dialysis regimen often results in a decrease in the serum inorganic phosphorus levels, with possible detrimental effects to the health of the mother and the unborn child. In this article, we report the successful multidisciplinary management of two pregnant women with end‐stage renal disease, both of whom developed hypophosphatemia after initiation of intensive hemodialysis. Sodium phosphate salts were added to the dialysate of each patient and this addition successfully corrected the decrease in serum inorganic phosphate concentration. One patient was able to carry the pregnancy for 28 weeks with delivery of a healthy 1260‐g infant. The pregnancy of the second patient ended at 25 weeks of gestation with delivery of a nonviable infant.
EFFECT OF ENHANCED FLUORESCENT LIGHT ON ACCEPTABILITY OF MEAT CUTS
Authors: BARBUT S. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT The effects of incandescent (INC) and two enhanced fluorescent lights: high‐spectrum (FL‐Hi Spec) and Chroma 50 (FL‐Chroma 50) on the appearance of fresh pork, chicken and beef meat were investigated. The color of all meats was more desirable (P < 0.05) when presented under INC and FL‐Hi Spec lights. The color used to describe pork meat presented under these two lights was mainly pink, but was more brown under FL‐Chroma 50. Relative luminance data, collected with a fiber optic probe connected to a photo diode array, demonstrated the reason for the lower amount of red in the FL‐Chroma 50 light source. The differences among the lights were more pronounced in the lighter pork and chicken cuts than in the darker beef cuts.
EFFECT OF CARRIER SOLVENT POLARITY ON SELECTIVE INCORPORATION OF EXOGENOUS δ‐TOCOPHEROL INTO MUSCLE MEMBRANES
Authors: RAGHAVAN SIVAKUMAR , HULTIN HERBERT O. 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACT Selective incorporation of lipid‐soluble antioxidants into the oxidation‐sensitive membrane lipids may improve the shelf life. The optimal dielectric constant for δ‐tocopherol incorporation into a muscle membrane fraction when the tocopherol was added before the oil was approximately 21. This shifted to a value of about 27 when oil was present in the system before addition of the antioxidant. Tocopherol concentration in the oil fraction decreased continuously with an increase of dielectric constant from 17 to 32 when the antioxidant was added before the oil. When oil was present during antioxidant addition, no change in tocopherol concentration in the oil was observed except at the highest dielectric constant (32). The uptake of tocopherol was low in both the oil and membrane fractions when the carrier had a dielectric constant of 32 (propylene glycol). A higher concentration of δ‐tocopherol was achieved in the membrane fraction when the antioxidant was added to the system prior to the oil.