bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2021
Authors: Luangsinsiri Chaisiri , Youngkong Sitaporn , Chaikledkaew Usa , Pattanaprateep Oraluck , Thavorncharoensap Montarat 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Alcohol is one of the leading risk factors contributing to avoidable economic loss worldwide. Estimates from the economic cost of alcohol consumption studies play an important role in prioritizing healthcare resource use, supporting policy decisions, and justifying budgets for alcohol policy. This study aimed to estimate the economic burden associated with alcohol consumption in Thailand in 2021.

Methods
Prevalence-based cost of illness methodology was employed. The following costs were included in the analysis: healthcare costs; cost of law enforcement; cost of property damage due to road traffic accidents; cost of premature mortality; and cost of absenteeism from out-patient hospital visits and hospitalization. Human capital approach was adopted. All costs were presented in Thai baht, 2021.

Results
Alcohol consumption incurred a total estimated economic cost of 165,450.5 million baht, equivalent to 1.02% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 2500 baht per capita. Cost of premature mortality was estimated at 157,918.7 million baht and accounted for the largest proportion of the total cost (95.45%). Healthcare cost was found to be the second highest share representing 4370.1 million baht (2.7% of the total cost). The number of premature death attributable to alcohol consumption in 2021 was estimated at 22,804.

Conclusions
Alcohol continues to impose a substantial economic burden in Thailand. Enforcement of existing well-formulated alcohol control policies is urgently required to mitigate the economic impact of alcohol consumption in the country.
A bimanual comparison of variation in sweat pores with sex and age: a brief dermatoglyphic survey of population in Delhi-NCR
Authors: Sharda Sakshi , Mondal Prakash Ranjan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Personal identification using partial fingerprints poses a major challenge in forensic investigations. In light of such restrictions, sweat pore characteristics have shown to be a possible alternative. However, limited research has been done on these due to their minute size. The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the differences in pore frequency, pore shapes (circular and non-circular), and pore positions (middle and periphery) with respect to sex, bimanual, and age in the population of Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region). As there is no universal approach for defining the evaluation area of pore analysis, we used fingerprint patterns to demarcate a 9mm2 area of analysis. The rolled-inked fingerprints of 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) belonging to 18-60 years of age were examined using microscopy.

Results
The obtained data for all prints was analysed and compared with respect to the different variables. The results showed statistically significant bimanual variations for both sexes. In females, all studied pore characteristics except the number of pores at the middle position were significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. In males, only the number of pores at the peripheral position was significantly higher in the right hand as compared to the left hand. However, no significant differences were observed in pore characteristics between the two sexes and among the different age groups. Moreover, several pore characteristics showed a significant correlation with age in males as compared to females where no significant correlations were observed.

Conclusions
Significant bimanual variations highlighted the potential application of pore characteristics for forensic practice; wherein a fingerprint examiner might determine the probable hand used for the commission of the crime, thereby strengthening the evidentiary value of partial fingerprints. These findings also suggest that the sex and age of an individual cannot be determined by pore characteristics.
Seroprevalence of Campylobacter jejuni infection in common subtypes of Guillain–Barre syndrome in Kashmiri population
Authors: Mir Feroze , Dar Waseem , Yaqoob Arjimand , Wani Maqbool , Asmi Ravouf , Wani Mushtaq 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Guillain–Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a common differential diagnosis of acute-onset flaccid quadriparesis with or without bulbar involvement. Various illnesses precede GBS, respiratory illness being the most common. Campylobacter jejuni is the single most common organism found associated with GBS. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni positivity in different subtypes of GBS.

Methods
Sixty patients of GBS were tested for serological evidence of Campylobacter jejuni and compared with 60 age and sex matched controls.

Results
Mean age of cases was 39.58 (± 14.76 years) and that of controls was 35 (± 12.31 years). Preceding illness was present in 38% cases. Respiratory tract illness was present in 9 (15%) cases, while as GI illness was present in 8 (13%) cases. AIDP was the most common variant accounting for 65% of cases, followed by AMAN (18.3%). Among cases, 24 (40%) tested positive for Campylobacter jejuni antibody whereas only 12 (20%) tested positive for antibody among controls. The difference was statistically significant between cases and controls (p value = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in antibody positivity and preceding illness among different variants of GBS (p value = 1.0).

Conclusion
Campylobacter jejuni infection is a frequent preceding illness in GBS patients, although it may be asymptomatic. There is however no relation between different subtypes of GBS and C. jejuni infection.
Unmasking the mitochondrial mystery: febrile illness exposing a rare cause of refractory epilepsy with unique imaging features: a case report
Authors: Roshan Nikhita Suzanne , Colaco K. Vimala Christina , Raeesa Fathima , Ahmed Safwan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial DNA polymerase, which is encoded by the POLG (polymerase gamma) gene, is responsible for the replication of the mitochondrial genome. Around 300 pathogenic variants have been identified in this gene and the clinical impact of POLG mutations is highly variable in both severity and phenotype. Our case had a clinical presentation distinct from the known mitochondrial syndromes associated with POLG gene, in the form of refractory focal seizures against a background of progressive ataxia, late symptom onset and rapid progression. In addition, our patient had signal changes in the pons with a unique radiological feature not previously described in this disease.

Case presentation
We describe a 46-year-old lady with adult onset refractory focal seizures against a background of progressive cognitive impairment and ataxia preceded by a febrile illness. MRI brain showed T2/FLAIR hyperintensities involving right frontal and parietal cortex, bilateral thalamus, pons and cerebellum. Clinical exome and mitochondrial genome sequencing identified homozygous missense variation in exon 13 of the POLG gene. Among these above radiological features, a novel radiological finding in a case of POLG mutation was the transverse pontine signal change, which has not been described till date to our knowledge. She was being treated and given increasing doses and combinations of anti-seizure medications, but succumbed to the illness after two months.

Conclusions
This case highlights a unique radiological finding in the form of transverse T2/FLAIR signal change in pons, in a case of genetically proven case of POLG mutation along with other common radiological features. The triad of clinical features, which were characterised by progressive ataxia, cognitive impairment and refractory focal seizures occurring in combination, were unusual in a middle aged lady with POLG mutation.
Recent advances in metal organic frameworks for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Wei Jinhui , Yuan Min , Wang Songtao , Wang Xuehu , An Nan , Lv Guangping , Wu Lina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) with their large surface area and numerous active sites have attracted significant research attention. Recently, the application of MOFs for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants has provided effective solutions to address diverse environmental problems. In this review, the latest progress in MOF-based removal and degradation of organic pollutants is summarized according to the different roles of MOFs in the removal reaction systems, such as physical adsorbents, enzyme-immobilization carriers, nanozymes, catalysts for photocatalysis, photo-Fenton and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Finally, the opportunities and challenges of developing advanced MOFs for the removal of organic pollutants are discussed and anticipated.
Graphical Abstract
Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Dhapola Rishika , Kumari Sneha , Sharma Prajjwal , HariKrishnaReddy Dibbanti 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder. As the exact cause of the disease is still unclear, the drug development is very challenging. This review encompasses the commonly used AD models involving various chemicals, heavy metals and endogenous substances induced models and the transgenic models. It also provides insight into the reliable emerging models of AD that may overcome the shortcomings associated with available models. Chemicals like streptozotocin, scopolamine, colchicine and okadaic acid render the animal susceptible to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration along with amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, endogenous substances like acrolein and amyloid-β 1–42 are efficient in inducing the major pathologies of AD. Heavy metals like aluminum and fluoride and mixture of these have been reported to induce neurotoxicity therefore are used as animal models for AD. Transgenic models developed as a result of knock-in or knock-out of certain genes associated with AD including PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576, APP/PS1, 3 × Tg and 5 × FAD have also been incorporated in this study. Further, emerging and advanced pathomimetic models of AD are provided particular interest here which will add on to the current knowledge of animal models and may aid in the drug development process and deepen our understanding related to AD pathogenesis. These newly discovered models include oAβ25-35 model, transgenic model expressing 82-kDa ChAT, oDGal mouse and APP knock-in rat. This study may aid in the selection of suitable model for development of novel potent therapeutics and for exploring detailed pathogenic mechanism of AD.
Graphical abstract
Development and validation of an instrument for assessing scientific literacy from junior to senior high school
Authors: Zhang Lina , Liu Xiufeng , Feng Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAssessing students' scientific literacy is necessary for science education policy, accountability and curriculum design and implementation, and there is a need for a valid, reliable and easy to use measurement instrument by local education authorities. Based on the definition and assessment framework of scientific literacy of PISA, a scientific literacy assessment instrument for junior high school and senior high school students was developed. The Rasch model was used to establish evidence for the validity and reliability of measures of the instrument. The results showed that the instrument measures met the validity and reliability expectations. Student scientific achievement levels were defined into four levels of Excellent, Advanced, Proficient and Basic using the Bookmarking method. The instrument can be used to assess student scientific literacy change from junior high school through high school to inform science education policy, accountability as well as curriculum design and implementation at local education levels.
Worldwide sperm quality variations between 2000 and 2020: a scoping review
Authors: Alqurna Noor Mohammad , Al-Alami Zina Mahdi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a scarcity of research on male infertility and semen quality worldwide, notably in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This lack includes temporal comparisons of seminal parameters over decades. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize the articles, published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020, which discuss and describe human semen quality and/or sperm quality in different countries, and/or their alternating patterns through time. The search was done on PubMed, using the following keywords: (((semen[Title/Abstract]) OR (SFA[Title/Abstract])) OR (sperm[Title/Abstract])) AND (country name[Title/Abstract]) with 195 world countries put in the “country name” field one by one along with other filters. The abstracts that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were read thoroughly and summarized. In conclusion, although some semen parameters appear to be stable, semen quality has deteriorated over time. Therefore, various countries must conduct research to characterize their semen quality and its altering patterns throughout time to reach a thorough conclusion.
Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Khalil Mohamed A. , Khalil Noha M. , Esmael Amanne F. , El-Makawi Shirin M. , Saleh Alia A. , Ayoub Doaa R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Tramadol—a synthetic opioid originally used as an analgesic—has been widely misused as an addictive drug in the middle east in the last twenty years. Brain changes associated with long-term tramadol use are understudied. This study aimed to detect the possible effects of tramadol use for at least one year on the brain. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive measure can assess changes in retinal thickness which reflects degenerative changes in the brain.

Methods
Twenty-five patients fulfilling the tramadol use disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria were compared to 25 matched control subjects free of substance use disorders. Other psychiatric and medical conditions that may affect OCT were excluded from both groups. Patients were assessed using Addiction Severity Index; meanwhile, both groups were evaluated using OCT.

Results
Patients with tramadol use showed a lower thickness of most OCT parameters than healthy non-tramadol controls. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was not associated with tramadol dose, duration of use, or the age of first use. There were differences between the right and left eyes in RNFL and Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness.

Conclusions
Long-term tramadol use is associated with decreased thickness of RNFL that can be a potential marker and an early sign for degeneration detected by noninvasive techniques like OCT.
Cerebral metastasis of Hepatoblastoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Houssaini Meryem Sqalli , Akammar Amal , Mourabiti Abdelaali Yahya , Bouardi Nizar El , Haloua Meriem , Alami Badreedine , Lamrani Moulay Youssef Alaoui , Maaroufi Mustapha , Boubbou Meryem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatoblastoma (HB) is the most frequent malignant liver tumor in infants and young children. While it is rare, the brain seems to be the most habitual site of non-pulmonary metastasis.Case presentationIn this report, we present the case of a 13-month-old girl followed for metastatic hepatoblastoma in the lung. She was brought to the emergency department with tonic–clonic seizure, and a brain CT scan revealed a single intra-parenchymal metastasis.ConclusionsIn children with a history of hepatoblastoma, the development of neurologic symptoms should prompt cerebral imaging, to exclude the presence of cerebral metastases.
The integration of artificial intelligence with contrast-enhanced mammogram in the work up of suspicious breast lesions: what do you expect?
Authors: Mansour Sahar , Azzam Heba , El-Assaly Hany 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The enhancement overlaps at contrast-enhanced mammogram (CEM) between benign and malignant breast abnormalities presents a high probability of false-positive lesions and subjects females’ candidate for screening and diagnostic mammograms to unnecessary biopsy and anxiety. The current work aimed to evaluate the ability of mammograms scanned by artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the specificity of CEM and support the probability of malignancy in suspicious and malignant looking breast lesions.

Methods
The study included 1524 breast lesions. The AI algorithm applied to the initial mammograms and generated location information for lesions. AI scoring suggested the probability of malignancy ranged from 100% (definite cancers) and < 10% (definite non-cancer) and correlated with recombinant contrast enhanced images.

Results
The malignant proved abnormalities were 1165 (76.5%), and the benign ones were 359 (26.5%). BI-RADS 4 category was assigned in 704 lesions (46.2%) divided into 400 malignant (400/704, 56.8%) and 304 benign (304/704, 43.2%). BI-RADS 5 category presented by 820 lesions (53.8%), 765 of them were malignant (765/820, 93.3%) and 55 were benign (55/820, 6.7%). The sensitivity of digital mammogram whether supported by AI (93.9%) or contrast media (94.4%) was significantly increased to 97.2% (p < 0.001) when supported by both methods. Improvement of the negative predictive value (from 80.6% and 79.6% to 89.8%, p < 0.05) and the accuracy (from 91.1 and 88.8 to 94.0%, p < 0.01) was detected.

Conclusions
Contrast-enhanced mammogram helps in specification of different breast lesions in view of patterns of contrast uptake and morphology descriptors, yet with some overlap. The use of artificial intelligence applied on digital mammogram reduced the interpretational variability and limited attempts of re-biopsies of suspicious looking breast lesions assessed by contrast-enhanced mammograms.
Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial investigations on Viburnum simonsii Hook. f. & Thoms, an unexplored ethnomedicinal plant of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Sangma Samson Rosly , Phukan Mayur Mausoom , Chongloi Vahshi , Verma Dakeshwar Kumar , Bora Plaban , Kumari Sony , Pankaj Pranay Punj 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Viburnum simonsii Hook. f. & Thoms is one of the 17 Viburnum species reported from India. Viburnum species such as Viburnum opulus and Viburnum grandiflorum have been used since time immemorial to treat various ailments and their therapeutic claims have been scientifically validated. However, the species under investigation despite having a long traditional usage history for the treatment of various illnesses in Meghalaya, India has grossly remained unexplored to date. No scientific report validating its therapeutic claim has been reported thus far. Therefore, the present study was mainly focused on investigating the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of V. simonsii and its phytochemical profile.

Result
Preliminary phytocompound assessment revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, steroids, glycoside and terpenoids. The fruit extract displayed good antioxidant activity with phenolic and flavonoid content of 250.20 ± 8.12 mgGAE/g and 40.65 ± 1.31 mgQE/g respectively, and IC50 value of 131.35 ± 1.71 µg/ml. In antimicrobial assay, inhibitory activity was observed against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) with 17.80 ± 0.80 mm and 15.78 ± 2.62 mm zone of inhibition respectively. However, no activity was observed against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) as well as fungus (Candida albicans). The absorption bands in the FTIR spectra of the sample corresponded to the presence of primary and secondary alcohols, alkanes, amines, aliphatic ethers, etc. Further, the GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of phytocompounds such as neophytadiene, β-sitosterol, α-amyrin, lupeol, etc., which have bioactivity especially anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study demonstrated that V. simonsii possessed appreciable antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and may be a potential target for pharmaceutical research.
Effectiveness of trichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid with gel foam for closure in patients with central perforation of tympanic membrane—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Namasivaya Navin R. B. , Gowthame K. , Dhanasekaran Balaji , Prabakaran S. , Rajasekaran S. , Sarath Kumar B. , Ramya Shree C. , Karthika S. R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The tympanic membrane (TM) forms the partition between the external auditory canal and the middle ear. Perforations occur as a result of acute otitis media or traumatic causes which undergoes healing spontaneously over 3 to 4 weeks. Non-surgical methods are successful in the closure of small to medium-sized perforations. Chemicals used for the cauterization of the margins of perforation are trichloroacetic acid and silver nitrate. This study was performed in a total of 90 patients. External auditory canal, tympanic membrane, site and size of perforation, and middle ear mucosa status were assessed followed by pure tone audiometry. One group constituting 45 subjects underwent TCA cauterization under sterile precautions. Another group of 45 subjects underwent the same procedure with TCA cautery and gel foam application for perforation closure. The procedure was repeated once a week for about 6 weeks. The effectiveness of these two procedures was compared between the two groups after a waiting period of 2 weeks.

Results
The mean age of the study population is 41.84 ± 16.71. Of the 90 study participants, 54.4% (N = 49) were less than 40 years of age, gender, cause, and laterality of perforation were not associated with the outcome whereas the size of the perforation was significantly associated with the closure of TM perforation with chi-square value of 7.028 and P value of 0.008 (< 0.05). Overall, TM closure was achieved in 3.56 applications in TCA with gel foam patching whereas in 6.02 applications with TCA alone.

Conclusion
TCA cauterization with or without gel foam patching can be performed as a first-line treatment in adults with small to medium-sized perforations.