bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavonoid‐Profiling Of Herbs And Spices As Functional Food Ingredient In Meat Products Using LC‐MS
Authors: Sagi‐Kiss Virag , Kuhnle Gunter Georg Christian 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate commercially available plant extracts for their flavonoid content and their suitability as functional food ingredient in meat products.There has been increased interest in the use of plant extracts as functional ingredient in foods. Of particular interest are flavonoids, a group of polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitous in plants. Recently, it has been shown that flavonoids can scavenge reactive nitrogen species and thereby prevent the endogenous formation of nitroso compounds. Furthermore, these compounds have antimicrobial properties and have been shown to protect colonic cells against nitrosamine‐induced damage in vitro. The endogenous formation of nitroso compounds has been identified by IARC as one of the potential mechanisms by which processed meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Because of their properties, flavonoid‐containing plant extracts are therefore an interesting functional ingredient for processed meat products.The tested plant extracts were added to 4 different meat products resulting in a total of 18 samples. Plant samples were extracted and analyzed before and after the addition to determine the composition changes after the meat production. The method was developed using an HPLC system with a reversed‐phase C18 column connected to a Waters Quattro Ultima triple quadrupole MS instrument; parameters for analysis were set using both negative and positive ion modes. The aim was to screen as many compounds as possible while also quantify a few key flavonoid compounds. The ESI source conditions were optimized by flow injection analysis using quercetin, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, (−)‐epicatechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, taxifolin, isorhamnetin, luteolin‐glucoside, apigenin standards. We used different Multi Reaction Monitoring channels to identity and quantify flavonoids. Unknown analytes were identified by comparing their combined positive and negative ion mode fragmentation spectra with the respective literature data when commercial standards were not available.The flavonoid content and composition of plant extracts was evaluated before and after addition to different meat products. The limit of quantification was 40 nM for epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate and (−)‐epicatechin, and 100 nM for most other compounds. Our results showed that most flavonoids remained stable after addition to meat products and that there were no significant changes in quantitative and qualitative composition.Support or Funding Information

This work was supported by an FP7 grant of the European Union, PHYTOME.
Effects of tomato extract on cytokine profile of human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
Authors: Godoy Maria Fernanda , Prieto Ligia Esperanza Diaz , Rebato Esther Nova , Slobodianik Nora Haydee , Insani Ester Marina , Marcos Ascensión 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThis study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of tomato extract (TE) on cytokine production.Material and MethodsHuman PBMCs (n=7, independent samples) were isolated by Ficoll‐Hypaque gradient centrifugation and cultured with PHA (7μg/ml) and LPS (1.5μg/ml) for 48hs to stimulate cytokine production. TE was achieved by means of saponification and solvent extraction (hexane) in order to obtain the non‐polar compounds naturally included in tomato. A concentration step and subsequent re‐dissolution in ethanol was made (final concentrations <1% in culture cells). In this TE, lycopene and vitamin E are main bioactive compounds. We focused on α‐tocopherol. Four groups were considered: PBMCs + PHA/LPS + 1, 10 or 20μM of α‐tocopherol from TE (PBMC‐1, PBMC‐10 and PBMC‐20 groups, respectively) and PBMCs + PHA/LPS used as the control group (C). IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐17A, IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐13 and IL‐10 were measured in culture supernatants by flow‐cytometry (CBA, EMD Millipore). Statistics were performed using Univariate (LSD Fisher test) and Multivariate Analysis (HCA).ResultsA dose‐dependent response to TE was observed (figure 1). Regarding cytokine production, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 levels were significantly lower (p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively) in PBMC‐20 than in C. No significant differences were found in the other cytokines. Although TNF‐α showed no significant difference among groups, TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratio increased up to 60% due to the decrease in IL‐10 production in the presence of increased amounts of TE. As observed in figure 2, for a given concentration of TNF‐α, IL‐10 values are lower in the presence of higher amounts of TE (PBMC‐10 and PBMC‐20). Another pro‐inflammatory cytokine, such as IL‐1β showed a similar pattern (figure 3). These findings may indicate a modulation of TE on the pro‐inflammatory cytokine response.The homeostatic relationship between IFN‐γ and TNF‐α is well‐known. There was a change when TE was added. While in C IFN‐γ/TNF‐α levels were 1.46, in PBMC‐20 this ratio decreased to 0.71 due to a strong decrease in IFN‐γ levels (p=0.01). In this regard, pro‐inflammatory/anti‐inflammatory cytokine ratio was significantly higher (p=0.02) for PBMC‐20 vs. C, showing PBMC‐10 intermediates values, which indicates an anti‐inflammatory state.ConclusionIn the in vitro system performed in this study, a physiological amount of α‐tocopherol (20μM) and the corresponding level of lycopene from tomato have shown to be able to produce an anti‐inflammatory effect.
The effect of supplemental grape seed extract on pig growth performance and body composition during heat stress
Authors: Smithson Andrew T , Winslow Christopher J , Haufe Thomas C , Ryan Caroline , Gilley Andrew , Strat Karen , Ajlan Reem K.M. , Biggs Morgan , Zhang Zhenhe , Zhao Lidan , Harl Audra , Poole Rebecca , Rhoads Michelle L , Rhoads Robert P , Neilson Andrew Peter 
Published: November 2023

Prolonged exposure to high ambient temperature without cooling causes heat stress resulting in altered growth, body composition and metabolic dysfunction. Grape seed extract (GSE) has been shown to reduce inflammation, and improve glucose transport and metabolism. Thus, GSE may be an effective supplement to combat the consequences of heat stress; however this possibility has not been evaluated in a large animal model. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of GSE supplementation on pig performance and body composition during heat stress. Twenty‐four female pigs (62.3± 8 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 2X2 factorial experiment; thermal neutral (TN; 21–22°C) or heat stress conditions (HS; 33–34°C) for 7 days and fed either a control or a GSE supplemented diet (12mg/kg body weight). Body temperature (TB), respiration rate (RR) and feed intake (FI) were measured daily. Body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Respiration rate and TB increased in the HS control group compared to the TN control group (p<0.05), however GSE did not alter these parameters compared to control for the duration of the 7 day period. Heat stress decreased FI (P < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose concentrations were approximately 1.5‐fold greater in the control diet compared to their GSE supplemented counterpart (p>0.05) on day 6 of the HS period, but did not differ between groups on day 7 of HS. Body composition analysis indicated bone mineral density, bone mineral content, percent change of fat, and percent change of weight over the study remained unchanged between treatment groups. Lean tissue accretion was 45% greater in TN compared to HS groups (p<0.05). Grape seed extract supplementation does not appear to alter pig growth performance or body composition during heat stress.Support or Funding InformationJohn Lee Pratt Endowment Animal Nutrition Program at Virginia Tech
Iron Storage in Women is Positively Correlated with Aging and BMI Values
Authors: Ma Aiguo , Jia Ru , Ma Xiuting , Sun Yongye , Zhang Huaqi , Ma Yan 
Published: November 2023

Iron deficiency occurs commonly in vulnerable groups of women at reproductive age. But many studies have shown that the situation of iron overload in the elderly becomes an increasingly serious issue. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of serum ferritin levels with age and body mass index (BMI) and the iron status in middle‐aged women. This cross‐sectional study was carried out on 4625 healthy women in Qingdao who were at the age of 40–70 and had informed consent to participate in the study. Serum ferritin concentrations of all participants were measured by an automated radioimmunoassay analyzer. For female adults, normal serum ferritin is defined by the World Health Organization as 15~150 μg/L, and anemia as <15 μg/L, iron overload as ≥150 μg/L. Among all the participants, 76.25% had a normal iron storage, 19.10% had iron deficiency, and 4.65% had iron overload. The median of serum ferritin concentration in 65–70 years old was nearly two‐fold higher than that in 45–50 yeas old. And in obese people, the median of serum ferritin concentration was significantly higher than that in lean people. Furthermore, serum ferritin was positively correlated with age and BMI, with the correlation coefficient values at 0.376 and 0.156 (both p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest an increasing prevalence of iron overload with age and BMI.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Natural Science fund (No. 81373000)
Baby Friendly Hospital Births and Lactation Consultants Are Associated with State‐Level Breastfeeding Rates
Authors: Taren Douglas , Sinari Shripad 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundBreastfeeding has short and long term protective health implications for both the mother and the child. The breastfeeding rates in the US have not yet met the Healthy People 2020 goals. An annual breastfeeding report card by the CDC identifies five state‐level breastfeeding indicator. It also gives state‐level summary measures for practices that support breast feeding. We used the 2014 CDC breastfeeding report card to help us understand which state‐level support indicators were associated with measures of breastfeeding.MethodsThe breastfeeding outcomes were: percent ever breastfed, percent breastfed for 6 and 12 months, and percent that exclusively breastfed for 3 and 6 months. The support variables were: an overall score of maternity care practices and policies at a birth facility, La Leche leaders per 1000 live births, International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC) per 1000 live births, the proportion of state births in baby friendly facilities and percent of infants given formula before 2 days of age. State‐level covariates in our analysis were total population size, percent urban, percent white, median income, percent unemployed, percent below poverty, and percent with high school or greater degree. We conducted canonical correlations to determine which support indicators explained the overall breastfeeding outcomes. We also conducted multivariate multiple regression to adjust for state demographic factors.ResultsThe canonical correlation revealed two significant variates for the underlying data. The first variate paired the variable for the percent of women who exclusively breastfed for 3 and 6 months. The percent of infants born at baby friendly hospitals and the percent who were given formula before 2‐days of age were associated with this variate. The second variate paired the percent of infants who were ever breastfed and the percent who were exclusively breastfed for 3 months. The number of IBCLCs per 1000 birth and the percent of infants given formula before 2 days of age were associated with this variate. The multivariate multiple regression model using state‐level covariates indicated that the percent of births in baby friendly hospitals was significantly associated the percent of infants who ever breastfed, the percent who breastfed for 6 months and the percent who exclusively breastfed for 3 and 6 months. Similarly, the number of IBCLCs was significantly associated with the percent who exclusively breastfed for 6 months and who breastfed for 12 months.ConclusionWe determined that the proportion of births that occurred in baby friendly hospitals and the availability of IBCLCs were associated with promoting positive breastfeeding practices. Community measures such as providing formula before 2‐days of age was related to poorer breastfeeding measures. These results can be used to develop policies to sustain and increase state‐level breastfeeding rates.Support or Funding InformationNone
Functional Vitamin B12 Status in Lactating Women Living in Rural Indonesia Assessed by Using Dried Blood Spot Methylmalonic Acid Analysis
Authors: Schroder Theresa H , Diana Aly , Quay Teo AW , Gibson Rosalind S , Houghton Lisa A , Lamers Yvonne 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLow vitamin B12 (B‐12) status in breastfeeding women has been associated with infant B‐12 inadequacy and adverse health outcomes in mothers. Populations in resource‐poor settings are at increased risk for B‐12 deficiency. Dried blood spots (DBSs) are a convenient and minimally invasive tool to collect biological samples in field studies. We have recently developed a method to quantify methylmalonic acid (MMA), the most specific functional biomarker of B‐12 status, in DBSs. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of low B‐12 status among lactating women living in rural Indonesia by assessing DBS MMA in a convenience sample and comparing the results to a reference group of healthy, non‐lactating women.MethodsApparently healthy, lactating women living in Sumedang district of West Java were recruited for this research which is part of a micronutrient survey. DBSs were collected onto Whatman 903 filter paper after pricking either middle or ring finger. MMA was quantified in 8‐mm DBS disks using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. DBS and plasma MMA concentrations of a convenience sample of healthy, non‐lactating women (n=182; 19–35 y) residing in Vancouver BC, Canada, served as reference data. A reference value, suggestive of B‐12 deficiency, was computed as 97.5th percentile of DBS MMA concentrations from a subset of the Vancouver convenience sample including women with plasma MMA concentrations < 260 nmol/L (n= 146).ResultsMean (95% CI) MMA concentration in DBS of Indonesian women (n= 184; aged 27±7 y) was 4.23 (3.90, 4.55) pmol per disk and significantly higher (P= 0.0001; chi‐squared test) than that of Vancouver women [3.18 (2.97, 3.39) pmol per disk; n= 182]. Forty‐three Indonesian women (23 %) had DBS MMA concentrations above the reference value of 5.03 pmol per disk (i.e., the 97.5th percentile). The rate of Vancouver women (9.3 %; n= 182) who had DBS MMA concentrations above the reference value was significantly lower (P< 0.01; chi‐squared test) than the rate of Indonesian women.ConclusionsDBS MMA has the potential to identify populations with increased risk of low B‐12 status. Lactating women living in rural Indonesia seem to have lower functional B‐12 status than healthy, non‐lactating Vancouver women. Thus, rural Indonesian women and their breastfed infants may be at increased risk for B‐12 deficiency and associated adverse health outcomes.Support or Funding InformationThe study was, in part, funded through Meat & Livestock Australia. YL acknowledges funding from the Canada Research Chair Program of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and THS acknowledges funding from the University of British Columbia in form of a Four Year Doctoral Fellowship.
A Probabilistic Intake Model to Estimate the Impact of Reformulation by the Food Industry in Irish Consumers
Authors: Pigat Sandrine , Cushen Maeve , O'Mahony Cian , Giammanco Stefania , Connolly Aileen 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe etiology of the globally growing overweight and obesity epidemic is known to be multi‐causal. The food and beverage industry has made concerted efforts to reformulate their products towards nutritionally healthier options. This project looked at the reformulation efforts of major companies from the food industry and the impact these had on the Irish population.MethodsNutrient composition data were collected for approximately 600 products from members of the Food and Drink Industry in Ireland for two time points, 2005 and 2012. Additionally, sales data to assess brand shares at those two time points were obtained from Kantar Worldpanel. To assess the intakes in the population for the two years, the products were matched to the foods consumed in the Irish national dietary consumption surveys from the Irish Universities Nutrition Alliance (IUNA) for adults (18 years+, n=1,500), teenagers (13 to 17 years, n=441), children (5 to 12 years, n=594) and preschool children (1 to 4 years, n=500). Using nutrient composition data provided by participating companies, weighted by market shares, statistical distributions describing the nutrient profiles of food categories of interest were constructed and replaced with the existing data in the IUNA databases for these products. To assess the impact that reformulation of these products had on Irish consumers, probabilistic intake assessments were run for baseline and post‐reformulation time points using the Creme Nutrition(R) model.ResultsThe reformulation efforts assessed in this study reduced average daily energy intakes by up to 12kcal/d in adults, 15kcal/d in teens, 10kcal/d in children and 9kcal/d in preschoolers from their total diet. Mean daily fat intakes were reduced between 0.62g/d (preschoolers) and 2g/d (children). In high consumers (P97.5), total dietary sodium intakes decreased by between 520mg/d (preschoolers) and 1,160mg/d (teenagers) and saturated fat intakes were reduced by up to 8g/d among teenagers. Mean daily sugar intakes were reduced by up to 3.5g/d among children. The sugar intakes of teenagers deemed to be high consumers (P97.5) decreased by 8g/d.Discussion & ConclusionThis model captured the impact that reformulation efforts by industry had on Irish consumers between two time points. However, other factors that were likely to have differed between the two years such as dietary behavior and portion sizes were not captured in this study. Further data on products sold on the market would refine this analysis and create a more complete picture of the overall impact. Daily intakes of energy, sugar, fat, saturated fat and sodium were reduced in all, and significantly (p<0.01) in some cases.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funded by the Food and Drink Industry Ireland and the methodology and design was supported by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland
Evaluating Association between Fast Food Consumption and Use of Internet and Mobile Phone: A Cross Sectional Study by Use of Internet
Authors: Yoshizawa Kazuko 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIncreased fast food consumption has been linked to obesity and overweight. Some studies reported that reasons for fast food use were associated with taste, cost, convenience, energy density, and variety. Use of internet and mobile phone has become very popular, and that might change people's lifestyle including dietary habit. Objective of this study is to evaluate if frequency of use of fast food is associated with increased hours of use of internet and mobile phone.MethodThis study is a cross sectional by use of internet. In December, 2012, a questionnaire was disseminated to women who were living in 47 prefectures in Japan. For analyses in this study 3,192 mothers who had a child or more were included. The subjects had been registered for other panel studies before they participated in this study. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate association between fast food use and hours to use internet and mobile phone. Results are statistically significant if a p‐value was less than 0.05. All p‐values are two tailed.ResultsMajority (95%) of the subjects were married while the rest were unmarried or divorced. Ten percent of the subjects lived in Tokyo followed by Osaka (8.5%) and Kanagawa (8.2%). Among the reasons for use of fast food, 28% of mothers chose “because my child likes them” as the primary reason followed by “price is cheaper than other food” (18%). Frequency of fast food use was positively correlated with hours of internet and mobile phone use, and hours of TV watching. It is also positively correlated with the income levels up to the average level and negatively correlated as the levels decrease. Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted by use of frequency of fast food use as a dependent variable, and hours to use internet and mobile phone, hours of TV watching, income level and age as independent variables. The results showed that age (p<0.000) and hours to use of internet and mobile phone (p<0.019) were statistically significant while hours of TV watching (p<0.827) and income levels (p<0.934) were not important factors.ConclusionFast food use among mothers is associated with increased hours of internet and mobile phone use after adjustment of age, income levels and TV watching: however, further analyses are needed.Support or Funding Information2012 Sugiyamajogakuen University Gakuen Research Grant C
F‐actin Assembly And Cytoskeletal Contraction Mediate TNF‐α Induced Hydrogel Retraction, Stiffness, And Nodule Formation By Murine Valvular Cells
Authors: Lim Jina , Ehsanipour Arshia , Lu Jinxiu , Wu Alexander , Pedego Taylor , Walthers Chris , Demer Linda , Seidlits Stephanie , Tintut Yin 
Published: November 2023

In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), a widespread and rapidly fatal disorder, the valve cusps undergo retraction, stiffening, and nodular calcification. Therapeutic options are limited to invasive procedures. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), has been shown to contribute to CAVD progression; however, the mechanisms of its actions on cusp retraction and stiffening are not clear.We investigated the effects of TNF‐α on murine aortic valvular interstitial cells (VIC) within a 3‐dimensional, free‐floating, compliant collagen hydrogel to simulate their natural substrate. Results showed that TNF‐α increased retraction (percent diameter), stiffness (Pascal), and formation of calcified nodular structures (Alizarin Red positivity) in the VIC‐laden hydrogels. Effects of TNF‐α on retraction, stiffness, and nodule formation were attenuated by inhibition of myosin II‐mediated cytoskeletal contraction with blebbistatin. Inhibition of actin polymerization with cytochalasin D, but not inhibition of Rho‐kinase with Y27632, blocked TNF‐α‐induced retraction in 3‐D VIC hydrogels, suggesting that actin stress fibers mediate TNF‐α‐induced effects. In the hydrogels, TNF‐α increased levels of phospho‐IκB, and co‐treatment with an NF‐κB inhibitor blocked TNF‐α‐induced retraction and stiffening, suggesting that NF‐kB signaling mediates the effects of TNF‐α. TNF‐α also significantly increased collagen deposition, as visualized by Masson's trichrome staining, and it upregulated expression of discoidin domain‐containing receptor 2, fibronectin, and smooth muscle alpha‐actin, as evidenced by realtime RT‐qPCR. In human aortic valves, we found that stiffness and collagen deposition were greater in calcified than non‐diseased cusps.In conclusion, inflammation may induce valvular cusp retraction, stiffening, and nodule formation by promoting F‐actin assembly and cytoskeletal contraction.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health (DK081346‐S1, HL114709, HL121019). J.L was supported by UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute Harry Winston Fellowship Award. S.S. and A.E. were supported by the University of California, Los Angeles Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.