bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loop Integrands and Amplitudes
Authors: Badger Simon , Henn Johannes , Plefka Jan Christoph , Zoia Simone 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we study the structure of loop-level scattering amplitudes. The appearance of integrals over internal loop momenta gives rise to a new set of functions that go beyond the rational functions of spinor products seen at tree-level. We will use the unitarity of scattering amplitudes to show that discontinuities in loop amplitudes can be determined from tree-level information as a result of factorisation when loop momentum dependent propagators go on-shell. We then show that generalised discontinuities can be used to break loop amplitudes further into small tree-level building blocks. We then turn our attention to a general method for one-loop dimensionally regulated amplitudes in which a basis of functions is determined as well as a technique to determine their coefficients from on-shell data.
The IRR Applied to Housing: Governing Densification for Socially Sustainable Housing Development
Authors: Debrunner Gabriela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe central goal of this book is not just to make the claim about densification leading to social exclusionand gentrification in housing, but rather to explain—with the help of the IRRanalytical framework (see Chapter 2) —what local governance mechanisms at play are responsible for this development and to identify the reasons behind this complex situation. To accomplish this aim, three theoretical blocks were identified that help to understand densification from a neoinstitutional and actor-centered perspective: social sustainability in housing (dependent variable), institutions (independent variable), and actors’ use strategies (intermediary variable (see Chapter 2 for theoretical basis). At the end of Chapter 3, five research hypotheses are presented, which address all the main dimensions needed to cover the main research question in a convincing manner.
Selecting Switzerland
Authors: Debrunner Gabriela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe study design of this book is based on four case studies located in Switzerland: the four cities—Zurich, Basel, Köniz, and Kloten—where a concrete densification area is analyzed. Through this case study design, objectives of broadness of scope and analytical depth are reached. Chapter 4 entangles what is specific to each case study and which observations are of broader significance. First, the Swiss context of the empirical analysis is described, then the detailed reasons for case selection, as well as the different data collection and analysis methods applied. Lastly, this chapter is concluded by reflecting upon the researcher’s own positionality in the research process and the various challenges encountered in the field.
Discussion of Results
Authors: Debrunner Gabriela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe results of this book extend the knowledge about why some groups or interests experience disproportional access to housing stocks in densifying urban areas, and tend to lose while others tend to win. In the concluding part, the key results answering the three sub-questions (SQ1 to SQ3) are presented. Results are discussed that contribute to neoinstitutionalist political ecology research. This chapter and chapter 7 close with the findings that answer the main research question (RQ) and rich conclusions supporting the point of this book, i.e. that densification has become a business, which creates exclusion and marginalization for some part of the urban population. Although results are limited to Switzerland, potential for generalization to other states and urban contexts results from the identified key results and causal mechanisms. Finally, the limitations of the theoretical and methodological model applied are discussed (Sect. 7.2), and an outlook for future research is presented (Sect. 7.3).
Modular geodesics and wedge domains in non-compactly causal symmetric spaces
Authors: Morinelli Vincenzo , Neeb Karl-Hermann , Ólafsson Gestur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe continue our investigation of the interplay between causal structures on symmetric spaces and geometric aspects of Algebraic Quantum Field Theory. We adopt the perspective that the geometric implementation of the modular group is given by the flow generated by an Euler element of the Lie algebra (an element defining a 3-grading). Since any Euler element of a semisimple Lie algebra specifies a canonical non-compactly causal symmetric space $$M = G/H$$

M
=
G
/
H

, we turn in this paper to the geometry of this flow. Our main results concern the positivity region W of the flow (the corresponding wedge region): If G has trivial center, then W is connected, it coincides with the so-called observer domain, specified by a trajectory of the modular flow which at the same time is a causal geodesic. It can also be characterized in terms of a geometric KMS condition, and it has a natural structure of an equivariant fiber bundle over a Riemannian symmetric space that exhibits it as a real form of the crown domain of G/K. Among the tools that we need for these results are two observations of independent interest: a polar decomposition of the positivity domain and a convexity theorem for G-translates of open H-orbits in the minimal flag manifold specified by the 3-grading.
The landscape of European policies in the power sector: first-mover advantages
Authors: Govorukha Kristina , Mayer Philip , Rübbelke Dirk 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to achieve the commonly agreed emission reduction target, the European Commission called upon the member states to submit National Energy and Climate Plans to ensure increased transparency for the respective national targets and strategies. An analysis of these plans shows that some member states have declared ambitious emission reductions targets, as well as technology-specific phaseout policies in the power sector. A transformation to a climate-friendly system requires considerable investment, the question arises if there are benefits to be in the vanguard. We find that countries may have an incentive to outperform in the development of a low-carbon electricity system.
Immunostimulatory nanoparticles delivering cytokines as a novel cancer nanoadjuvant to empower glioblastoma immunotherapy
Authors: Sousa Flávia , Lee Henry , Almeida Mauro , Bazzoni Amelie , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Petri-Fink Alke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) stands as a highly aggressive and deadly malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival time of under 15 months upon disease diagnosis. While immunotherapies have shown promising results in solid cancers, brain cancers are still unresponsive to immunotherapy due to immunological dysfunction and the presence of a blood–brain barrier. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) emerges as a potent cytokine in fostering anti-tumor immunity by triggering interferon-gamma production in T and natural killer cells and changing macrophages to a tumoricidal phenotype. However, systemic administration of IL-12 toxicity in clinical trials often leads to significant toxicity, posing a critical hurdle. To overcome this major drawback, we have formulated a novel nanoadjuvant composed of immunostimulatory nanoparticles (ISN) loaded with IL-12 to decrease IL-12 toxicity and enhance the immune response by macrophages and GBM cancer cells. Our in vitro results reveal that ISN substantially increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GBM cancer cells (e.g. 2.6 × increase in IL-8 expression compared to free IL-12) and macrophages (e.g. 2 × increase in TNF-α expression and 6 × increase in IL-6 expression compared to the free IL-12). These findings suggest a potential modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, our study demonstrates the effective intracellular delivery of IL-12 by ISN, triggering alterations in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines at both transcriptional and protein expression levels. These results highlight the promise of the nanoadjuvant as a prospective platform for resharing the GBM microenvironment and empowering immunotherapy.
Graphical Abstract
Measuring continuity in primary care: how it is done and why it matters
Authors: Hersch Derek , Klemenhagen Kristen , Adam Patricia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Continuity of care (COC) is a foundational element of primary care and is associated with improved patient satisfaction and health outcomes and decreased total cost of care. The patient–physician relationship is highly valued by both parties and is often the reason providers choose to specialize in primary care. In some settings, such as outpatient residency clinics, however, patients may only see their primary care provider (PCP) 50% or less of the time. Considering the many benefits of COC for patients and providers, there is a clear need for us in primary care to understand how to compare different COC measures across studies and how to choose the best COC measure when conducting quality improvement efforts. However, at least 32 different measures have been used to evaluate COC. The manifold variations for measuring COC arise from data source restrictions, purpose (research or clinical use), perspective (patient or provider), and patient visit frequency/type. Key factors distinguishing common COC formulas are data source (e.g. claims data or electronic medical records), and whether a PCP is identifiable. There is no “right” formula, so understanding the nuances of COC measurement is essential for primary care research and clinical quality improvement. While the full complexity of COC cannot be captured by formulas and indices, they provide an important measure of how consistently patients are interacting with the same provider.
God’s Feminine Shadow: Fatema Mernissi’s Political Theology of Territory
Authors: Kigar Samuel B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
At the close of the Cold War, the Moroccan feminist Fatema Mernissi joined intellectuals from around the world in analyzing the place of religion, culture, and civilization in the “new world order.” This article analyzes how Mernissi developed psychoanalytic, sexual difference feminism from within Muslim sources to critique this emergent form of territoriality. It shows how she attacked Muslim states, particularly Morocco, for appropriating premodern Muslim political theology to narrate their sovereignties in a world dominated by US-led militarism and neoliberalism. Then, it demonstrates how she used female figures, including the pre-Islamic goddess al-ʿUzza and the Moroccan spirit Haguza, to reveal how sexual difference would undermine exclusive claims to territorial sovereignty. Finally, it turns to Jonathan Z. Smith’s rejoinder to Mircea Eliade. Mernissi’s theory helps us to understand that Smith identified an important relationship between religion and territory but in a way that was androcentric and culturally specific.
Origin of the near-room temperature resistance transition in lutetium with H2/N2 gas mixture under high pressure
Authors: Peng Di , Zeng Qiaoshi , Lan Fujun , Xing Zhenfang , Zeng Zhidan , Ke Xiaoxing , Ding Yang , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The recent report of room-temperature superconductivity at near-ambient pressure in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride (Lu-H-N) by Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. [Nature 615, 244–250 (2023)] has attracted tremendous attention due to its anticipated great impact on technology. However, the results could not be independently reproduced by other groups worldwide in follow-up studies, which elicited intense controversy. Here, we develop a reliable experimental protocol to minimize the extensively concerned extrinsic influences on the sample by starting the reaction from pure lutetium loaded with an H2/N2 gas mixture in a diamond anvil cell under different pressures and temperatures and simultaneously monitoring the entire chemical reaction process using in situ four-probe resistance measurements. Therefore, we could repeatedly reproduce the near-room temperature upsurge of electrical resistance at a relatively early stage of the chemical reaction. However, the mechanism is suggested to be a metal-to-semiconductor/insulator transition associated with the structural modulation in the non-stoichiometric Lu-H-N, rather than superconductivity.
Exploring the potential use of silver-exchanged zeolites for adsorption of radon traces in low background experiments
Authors: Veselska Oleksandra , Llido Olivier , Piro Marie-Cécile , Vaidya Shefali , Kuznicki Steven , Busto José 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Radon is an important source of radioactive background in experiments searching for rare decays and in the field of low-energy particle physics. Here, we report the first temperature-dependent study of radon adsorption on silver-exchanged zeolites from several commercial producers. Among the three tested zeolites, Ag-ETS-10 showed the best result. Hence, it was chosen for the further study of internal radioactivity and radon emanation, which are important characteristics of materials used in low-activity experiments. The important role of silver in radon adsorption is demonstrated by comparison of the silver-exchanged zeolites with their unexchanged counterparts. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent measurements showed that the enhancement of the radon adsorption upon the introduction of silver in zeolite occurs due to the increase of the heat of adsorption. This opens a new perspective for the search for highly efficient radon adsorbents.
Video Directly Observed Therapy for Tuberculosis Treatment in Haitian Prisons: A Pattern of Group Adherence
Authors: Dirks Laura K. , Bircher Patrick M. , González-Montalvo Myrna del Mar , Kauffman Alexandra E. , Prophete Edwin J. , Bury Margarette R. , Spaulding Anne C. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTClassificationResearch paperPurposeHaitian provincial prisons historically were strapped to provide directly observed therapy (DOT) for persons with TB (PwTB) due to healthcare understaffing. A non-governmental organization addressed this gap via correctional officer-administered video DOT (VDOT).ApproachA 16-month, quasi-experimental trial of officer-facilitated VDOT started in March 2019 at four prisons. Officers delivered doses directly without video when VDOT was inaccessible. Healthcare staff remotely tracked VDOT adherence asynchronously. Three fully-staffed prisons were controls. Our primary objective was to measure VDOT effectiveness for PwTB who began VDOT within 2 weeks of starting treatment. Our secondary objective was to measure program reach, implementation and maintenance through July 2023.FindingsReach—55 PwTB on VDOT met study criteria. Effectiveness: median/mean VDOT adherence for 55 individuals enrolled in the pilot were 70.8% and 60.2% respectively. Median/mean total adherence, including doses delivered by officers, were 100% and 93.5%. Implementation: VDOT adherence varied by site but not demographic characteristics; similarity of adherence patterns between subjects within a facility was high. Nursing staff reported that adherence in controls was 100%. Correctional officers reported high comfort with the program technology. Maintenance: Since the pilot, 387 PwTB have received TB medications via VDOT in the Haitian prison system.OriginalityVDOT for PwTB in low-resource Haitian prisons enabled close monitoring and follow-up; it could expand treatment options elsewhere. Total adherence neared that in control prisons. VDOT adherence varied by treatment day predominately in a group pattern, reflecting facility-level, rather than individual-level, factors.
Citation screening using large language models for creating clinical practice guidelines: A protocol for a prospective study
Authors: Oami Takehiko , Okada Yohei , Nakada Taka-aki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe development of clinical practice guidelines requires a meticulous literature search and screening process. This study aims to explore the potential of large language models in the development of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock (J-SSCG), focusing on enhancing literature search quality and reducing the citation screening workload.MethodsA prospective study will be conducted to compare the efficiency and accuracy of literature citation screening between the conventional method and a novel approach using large language models. We will use the large language model, namely GPT-4, to conduct literature searches for predefined clinical questions. We will objectively measure the time required for citation screening and compare it to the time taken using the conventional method. Following the screening, we will calculate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of the results obtained from the conventional method and the large language models-assisted process. The total time spent using both approaches will also be compared to assess workload reduction.Trial registrationThis research is submitted with the University hospital medical information network clinical trial registry (UMIN-CTR) [UMIN000053091].Conflicts of interestAll authors declare no conflicts of interest to have.FundingNone
Germline and Somatic Mutations in DNA Methyltransferase 3A(DNMT3A)Predispose to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in Humans and Mice:Implications for Associated PAH
Authors: Al-Qazazi Ruaa , Emon Isaac M. , Potus François , Martin Ashley Y. , Lima Patricia D.A. , Vlasschaert Caitlyn , Chen Kuang-Hueih , Wu Danchen , Gupta Asish Das , Noordhof Curtis , Jefferson Lindsay , McNaughton Amy J. M. , Bick Alexander G. , Pauciulo Michael W. , Nichols William C. , Chung Wendy K. , Hassoun Paul M. , Damico Rachel L. , Rauh Michael J. , Archer Stephen L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMutations are found in 10-20% of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients, but none are consistently identified in connective tissue disease-associated PAH (APAH), which accounts for ∼45% of PAH cases.TET2mutations, a cause of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP), predispose to an inflammatory type of PAH. We now examine mutations in another CHIP gene,DNMT3A, in PAH.MethodsWe assessedDNMT3Amutation prevalence in PAH Biobank subjects as compared with controls, first using whole exome sequencing (WES)-derived CHIP calls in 1832 PAH Biobank patients versus 7509 age-and sex-matched gnomAD controls. We then performed deep, targeted panel sequencing of CHIP genes on a subset of 710 PAH Biobank patients and compared the prevalence ofDNMT3Amutations therein to an independent pooled control cohort (N = 3645). In another cohort of 80 PAH patients and 41 controls,DNMT3AmRNA expression was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Finally, we evaluated the development of PAH in a conditional, hematopoietic,Dnmt3aknockout mouse model.ResultsDNMT3Amutations were more frequent in PAH cases versus control subjects in the WES dataset (OR 2.60, 95% CI: 1.71-4.27). Among PAH patients, 33 hadDNMT3Avariants, most of whom had APAH (21/33). While 21/33 had somatic mutations (female:male 17:4), germline variants occurred in 12/33 (female:male 11:1). Hemodynamics were comparable with and withoutDNMT3Amutations (mPAP=58±21 vs. 52±18 mmHg); however, patients withDNMT3Amutations were unresponsive to acute vasodilator testing. Targeted panel sequencing identified that 14.6% of PAH patients had CHIP mutations (104/710), withDNMT3Aaccounting for 49/104. There was a significant association between all CHIP mutations and PAH in analyses adjusted for age and sex (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09-1.80), thoughDNMT3ACHIP alone was not significantly enriched (OR:1.15, 0.82-1.61).DNMT3Aexpression was reduced in patient-derived versus control PAH-PBMCs. Spontaneous PAH developed inDnmt3a-/-mice, and it was exacerbated by 3 weeks of hypoxia.Dnmt3a-/-mice had increased lung macrophages and elevated plasma IL-13. The IL-1β antibody canakinumab attenuated PAH inDnmt3a-/-mice.ConclusionsGermline and acquiredDNMT3Avariants predispose to PAH in humans.DNMT3AmRNA expression is reduced in human PAH PBMCs. Hematopoietic depletion of Dnmt3a causes inflammatory PAH in mice.DNMT3Ais a novel APAH gene and may be a biomarker and therapeutic target.
Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)
Authors: Quan Stuart F. , Weaver Matthew D. , Czeisler Mark É. , Barger Laura K. , Booker Lauren A. , Howard Mark E. , Jackson Melinda L. , Lane Rashon I. , McDonald Christine F. , Ridgers Anna , Robbins Rebecca , Varma Prerna , Wiley Joshua F. , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. , Czeisler Charles A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with COVID-19 infection. Fewer investigations have assessed OSA as a possible risk for the development of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).Research QuestionIn a general population, is OSA associated with increased odds of PASC-related symptoms and with an overall definition of PASC?Study DesignCross-sectional survey of a general population of 24,803 U.S. adults.ResultsCOVID-19 infection occurred in 10,324 (41.6%) participants. Prevalence rates for a wide variety of persistent (> 3 months post infection) putative PASC-related physical and mental health symptoms ranged from 6.5% (peripheral edema) to 19.6% (nervous/anxious). In logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, anthropometric, comorbid medical and socioeconomic factors, OSA was associated with all putative PASC-related symptoms with the highest adjusted odds ratios (aOR) being fever (2.053) and nervous/anxious (1.939) respectively. Elastic net regression identified the 13 of 37 symptoms most strongly associated with COVID-19 infection. Four definitions of PASC were developed using these symptoms either weighted equally or proportionally by their regression coefficients. In all 4 logistic regression models using these definitions, OSA was associated with PASC (range of aORs: 1.934-2.071); this association was mitigated in those with treated OSA. In the best fitting overall model requiring ≥3 symptoms, PASC prevalence was 21.9%.ConclusionIn a general population sample, OSA is associated with the development of PASC-related symptoms and a global definition of PASC. A PASC definition requiring the presence of 3 or more symptoms may be useful in identifying cases and for future research.