bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of the ubiquitous tire preservative 6PPD and degradant, 6PPD-quinone in fish- and mammalian-based assays
Authors: Jankowski Mark D , Carpenter Amy F , Harrill Joshua A , Harris Felix R , Hill Bridgett , Labiosa Rochelle , Makarov Sergei S , Martinović-Weigelt Dalma , Nyffeler Jo , Padilla Stephanie , Shafer Timothy J , Smeltz Marci G , Villeneuve Daniel L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
6PPD-quinone (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone), a transformation product of the antiozonant 6PPD (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) is a likely causative agent of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) pre-spawn mortality. Stormwater runoff transports 6PPD-quinone into freshwater streams, rapidly leading to neurobehavioral, respiratory distress, and rapid mortality in laboratory-exposed coho salmon, but causing no mortality in many laboratory-tested species. Given this identified hazard, and potential for environmental exposure, we evaluated a set of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s high-throughput assays for their capability to detect the large potency difference between 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone observed in coho salmon and screen for bioactivities of concern. Assays included transcriptomics in larval fathead minnow (FHM), developmental and behavioral toxicity in larval zebrafish, phenotypic profiling in a rainbow trout gill cell line, acute and developmental neurotoxicity in mammalian cells, and reporter transcription factor activity in HepG2 cells. 6PPD was more consistently bioactive across assays, with distinct activity in the developmental neurotoxicity assay (mean 50th centile activity concentration = 0.91 µM). Although 6PPD-quinone was less potent in FHM and zebrafish, and displayed minimal neurotoxic activity in mammalian cells, it was highly potent in altering organelle morphology in RTgill-W1 cells (phenotype-altering concentration = 0.024 µM compared with 0.96 µM for 6PPD). Although in vitro sensitivity of RTgill-W1 cells may not be as sensitive as intact Coho salmon, the assay may be a promising approach to test chemicals for 6PPD-quinone-like activities. The other assays each identified unique bioactivities of 6PPD, with neurobehavioral and developmental neurotoxicity being most affected, indicating a need for further assessment of this chemical.
Our results demonstrate that the common tire additive, 6PPD, is bioactive in a broader set of assays than the environmental transformation product 6PPD-quinone and that it may be a developmental neurotoxicant in mammals, whereas 6PPD-quinone was much more potent than 6PPD in altering the intracellular phenotype of rainbow trout gill cells. Application of the set of high-throughput and high-content bioassays to test the bioactivity of this emerging pollutant has provided data to inform both ecological and human health assessments.
A review of Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Metzler Seth , Brown Gina R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare and complex genetic disorder with multiple physical and behavioral characteristics, affecting endocrine, metabolic, and neurologic systems and producing a plethora of medical complications. Early identification and diagnosis are paramount to providing timely and appropriate interventions to improve patient outcomes. Treatment should focus on neonatal feeding and growth, followed by hormonal therapy for hypothalamic dysfunction, and should then be directed at the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related complications. Effective treatment requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach.
Interest in Injectable and Oral PrEP for HIV Prevention Among Women and Men Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Bhatraju Elenore P. , Tsui Judith I. , Heo Moonseong , Sivaraj Laksika B. , Lopes Snehal S. , Mehta Shruti , Lum Paula , Taylor Lynn E. , Feinberg Judith , Kim Arthur , Norton Brianna , Pericot-Valverde Irene , Page Kimberly A. , Litwin Alain H. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Women who inject are a particularly vulnerable group. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective, but access and uptake has been limited. This study evaluated interest and concerns around oral and injectable PrEP among PWID based on gender.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis of survey data from 8 sites in the United States (n = 284) assessed attitudes and interest in PrEP. Demographics, HIV risk behaviors, and attitudes toward PrEP were described overall and by self-identified gender (female vs male).

Results:
Participants completed the PrEP survey between 2019 and 2021. The mean (standard deviation) age was 44.6 (11.4) years, 29% female, and 66% White. Mean self-perceived HIV risk score (0–10) was 2.3 (standard deviation 2.0). Interest in injectable PrEP (49.5%) was significantly higher than interest in daily oral PrEP (20.1%) (P ≤ 0.001). The most cited concerns were medication side effects (53%) and medication interactions (39.2%). Perceived HIV risk and PrEP concerns were not significantly different between genders.

Conclusions:
There was high interest in injectable PrEP, particularly among females. The top concerns were medication side effects and medication interactions. These results suggest high acceptability of injectable PrEP among PWID. Future research could explore the advantages identified by female participants as well as implementation strategies for access and uptake among this vulnerable population.
Comparison of Temporal Artery and Rectal Temperature Measurement During Cooling and Rewarming in Neonates Treated for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: LaBella Michelle , Kelly Karen , Carlin Kristen , Walsh Elaine 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Finding an accurate and simple method of thermometry in the neonatal intensive care unit is important. The temporal artery thermometer (TAT) has been recommended for all ages by the manufacturer; however, there is insufficient evidence for the use of TAT in infants, especially to detect hypothermia.

Purpose:
To assess the accuracy of the TAT in hypothermic neonates in comparison to a rectal thermometer.

Methods:
This study was a naturalistic, quantitative, and observational study. Temporal artery temperatures (using Exergen TemporalScanner 5000) were compared to rectal temperatures in critically ill infants in the neonatal intensive care unit undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Temperatures were taken during a 72-hour cooling period at 33.5 °C and a 6-hour rewarming period to normothermia of 36.5 °C. Nineteen patients and 1280 temperature measurements were included in this study.

Results:
During the cooling period, TAT and rectal temperatures had a weak correlation (r = 0.34, P < .001). The correlation during the rewarming period was much stronger (r = 0.70, P < .001), indicating less variability in measures, but not agreement. On average, regardless of period, the TAT temperatures read 0.43 °C (95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.49, P < .001) warmer than the rectal temperatures. The cooling or warming period had no effect on this difference between temperatures.

Implications for Practice and Research:
This study found that temperatures obtained with a TAT are generally warmer than the accepted standard core rectal temperature in hypothermic neonates, and we do not recommend its use in critically ill neonates who require accurate temperature readings.
Utilization of Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis in the United States From 2010 to 2019
Authors: Smearman Erica L. , Karzon Anthony L. , Cooke Hayden L. , Hussain Zaamin B. , Gulzar Musab , Suh Nina , Gottschalk Michael B. , Wagner Eric R. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Interphalangeal joint (IPJ) arthrodesis and arthroplasty are mainstay treatments for IPJ arthritis with conflicting evidence about the most efficacious choice. Our study describes case volume and incidence over the last decade (2010–2019).

Methods:
The IBM MarketScan database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes for IPJ arthrodesis and arthroplasty from January 2010 to December 2019. Volume and incidence were estimated annually and according to sex, age, and US geographical region for 2010 and 2019.

Results:
Annual volume and incidence of IPJ arthrodesis increased slightly from 2010 to 2019, though with overlapping confidence intervals for incidence. Arthrodesis tended to be higher in women versus men, especially with increasing age. When considering age, the most substantial increase in rates over increasing age was moving from the 40s to 50s age brackets. Across US regions, arthrodesis was higher in the northeast and midwest in 2010, though other rates rose and regions were similar by 2019. For IPJ arthroplasty, there was a 25%–30% decrease in case volume and incidence over the decade. Incidence was generally higher among women, with a similar jump in incidence from 40s to 50s among women, whereas men showed a more gradual rate increase with age. Regionally, arthroplasty was highest in the northeast and midwest in 2010, though it was similar across regions in 2019.

Conclusions:
Although IPJ arthrodesis levels have stayed relatively stable, IPJ arthroplasty showed a general decline over the decade. Incidence of both were higher among women, and despite initial regional differences, rates became more similar by 2019.
Transtemporal Endoscopic Deep Plane Face Lift
Authors: Kul Zekeriya , Eryilmaz Erhan , Özer Emre 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Facial aging involves multifactorial changes affecting the bone, superficial musculoaponeurotic system, fat pads, and skin, primarily manifesting as the downward displacement of these structures. The transtemporal endoscopic deep plane face lift (TEDPF) suggests a vertical lifting method, targeting these issues without a preauricular incision.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 140 patients (133 women and 7 men) 33–67 years of age who underwent TEDPF from February 2020 to March 2023. Of these, 42 patients also received a neck lift. The surgical technique involved endoscopic dissection and vertical lifting and fixation of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system layer using specific suture points. An objective photographic analysis was performed by measuring preoperative and postoperative lower eyelid lengths to assess aesthetic outcomes.

Results:
The follow-up period ranged from 18 to 36 months. Temporary frontal neuropraxia occurred in 5 patients, resolving within 3 weeks to 3 months. Revision surgery was required for 6 patients due to excess preauricular skin or temporal skin accumulation malar dimpling. Significant improvements were observed, especially in periorbital, nasolabial, and jowl areas, enhancing eye shape and reducing the need for lower blepharoplasty. Objective photographic analysis showed a significant reduction in lower eyelid length postoperatively, with a mean percentage reduction of 22.45% in eyelid length (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
TEDPF achieves effective vertical lifting for facial rejuvenation, minimizes scarring, and reduces surgery time. It provides notable aesthetic improvements with manageable complications, suitable for patients prone to keloids or seeking less invasive options.
Multidetector-row Computed Tomography Analysis of the Radial Midpalmar Flap: A Retrospective Anatomical Study
Authors: Nguyen Doan Tien Linh , Ono Shimpei , Akiyama Goh , Cho Hoyu , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Ogawa Rei 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Soft tissue defects on the palm side of the thumb can be effectively covered by using the radial midpalmar (RMP) flap, which is usually harvested as a pedicled flap. However, previous anatomical studies on this flap are limited. We analyzed multidetector-row computed tomography angiograms of the radial midpalm of hands to more precisely characterize the 3-dimensional anatomical structure of the perforators in living patients.

Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study included all eligible patients from 2014 to 2019. All Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data were analyzed by the DICOM viewer. RMP area vascularization pattern and cutaneous perforator number, location, origin, internal diameters, and bifurcation-to-dermis lengths were recorded.

Results:
In total, 41 perforators were found in 30 patients: 21 patients had 1 perforator, 7 had 2, and 2 had 3 perforators. All were located inside a 23.2-mm diameter circle with an origin on the second metacarpal bone axis approximately 10 mm distally from the Kaplan cardinal line. Their origins were the superficial palmar arch system (61%), palmar arteries of the thumb (24%), and radialis indicis artery (15%). The mean perforator diameter and length were 0.61 and 8.48 mm, respectively.

Conclusions:
All patients had at least 1 reliable perforator in the radial midpalm. Our results suggest that plastic surgeons can easily and safely plan the RMP flap design, potentially without preoperative perforator mapping. Guidelines for this flap are proposed.
Central or Peripheral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Sepsis: Outcomes Comparison in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Dataset, 2000–2021
Authors: Totapally Abhinav , Stark Ryan , Danko Melissa , Chen Heidi , Altheimer Alyssa , Hardison Daphne , Malone Matthew P. , Zivick Elizabeth , Bridges Brian 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Small studies of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for children with refractory septic shock (RSS) suggest that high-flow (≥ 150 mL/kg/min) venoarterial ECMO and a central cannulation strategy may be associated with lower odds of mortality. We therefore aimed to examine a large, international dataset of venoarterial ECMO patients for pediatric sepsis to identify outcomes associated with flow and cannulation site.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) database from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021.

Setting:
International pediatric ECMO centers.

Patients:
Patients 18 years old young or younger without congenital heart disease (CHD) cannulated to venoarterial ECMO primarily for a diagnosis of sepsis, septicemia, or septic shock.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 1242 pediatric patients undergoing venoarterial ECMO runs in the ELSO dataset, overall mortality was 55.6%. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate explanatory factors associated with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CI of mortality. In the regression analysis of data 4 hours after ECMO initiation, logarithm of the aOR, plotted against ECMO flow as a continuous variable, showed that higher flow was associated with lower aOR of mortality (p = 0.03). However, at 24 hours, we failed to find such a relationship. Finally, peripheral cannulation, as opposed to central cannulation, was independently associated with greater odds of mortality (odds ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1–2.6]).

Conclusions:
In this 2000–2021 international cohort of venoarterial ECMO for non-CHD children with sepsis, we have found that higher ECMO flow at 4 hours after support initiation, and central- rather than peripheral-cannulation, were both independently associated with lower odds of mortality. Therefore, flow early in the ECMO run and cannula location are two important factors to consider in future research in pediatric patients requiring cannulation to venoarterial ECMO for RSS.
Leveraging Quality Improvement Tools to Improve Administration of First-line Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Labeled as Penicillin Allergic
Authors: Mock Madeline , Morris David , Foley Jessica , Mahabee Mellissa , Klatte J. Michael , Williams Beth , Robie Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
A reported penicillin allergy reduces the likelihood that the patient will receive first-line surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP), which can increase the risk of developing a surgical site infection (SSI). This project aimed to increase the use of first-line SAP agents in orthopedic and pediatric surgery patients with a reported penicillin allergy.

Methods:
The Institute for Healthcare Improvement quality improvement methodology was followed. Key drivers included patient and family awareness of true penicillin allergies, standardization for ordering antibiotics, staff buy-in, electronic medical record utilization, and staff comfort with ordering first-line SAP. Initial plan-do-study-act cycles focused on provider education. Subsequent plan-do-study-act cycles focused on the antibiotic delivery process, antibiotic selection, screening tool development for severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions, education, and data transparency. The outcome measure was the percentage of orthopedic and pediatric surgery patients with a reported penicillin allergy that received first-line SAP per month.

Results:
Since the start of the project in December 2022, there were 2 statistically significant changes in the outcome measure’s mean, shifting the mean from 25% to 84% in orthopedic and pediatric surgery patients with a reported penicillin allergy who received first-line SAP. There were no adverse medication reactions and no statistically significant change in SSIs.

Conclusions:
The mean has been at 84% for 9 months showing a sustainable process and culture change regarding first-line SAP usage for orthopedic and pediatric surgery patients. This was achieved through targeting the antibiotic delivery processes without relying on hard stops within the medical record.
Tangential Versus Segmental Portomesenteric Venous Resection During Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Stoop Thomas F. , Molnár Adrienne , Seelen Leonard W.F. , Sugawara Toshitaka , Scheepens Jacobien C.M. , Ali Mahsoem , Javed Ammar A. , Halimi Asif , Oba Atsushi , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Andersson Bodil , Williamsson Caroline , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Ban Daisuke , Sparrelid Ernesto , Daams Freek , Kazemier Geert , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Rompen Ingmar F. , Molenaar I. Quintus , Habib Joseph R. , Beuk Lysanne P.M. , Geerdink Niek J. , de Wilde Roeland F. , Busch Olivier R. , Swartling Oskar , Bereza-Carlson Paulina , Ghorbani Poya , Kruize Reeve L. , Schulick Richard D. , Franco Salvador Rodriguez , Miyata Tatsunori , Franklin Oskar , Inoue Yosuke , Besselink Marc G. , Del Chiaro Marco ,   for the International Collaborative Group on Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To investigate whether tangential versus segmental portomesenteric venous resection (PVR) impacts surgical and oncological outcome in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer with portomesenteric vein (PMV) involvement.

Summary Background Data:
Current comparative studies on tangential versus segmental PVR as part of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer include all degrees of PMV involvement, including cases where tangential PVR may not be a feasible approach, limiting the clinical applicability.

Methods:
International retrospective study in 10 centers from 5 countries, including all consecutive patients after pancreatoduodenectomy with PVR for pancreatic cancer with ≤180° PMV involvement on cross-sectional imaging at diagnosis (2014-2020). Cox and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of tangential versus segmental PVR with overall survival (OS) from surgery, recurrence-free survival (RFS), locoregional recurrence, and in-hospital/30-day major morbidity, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Overall, 357 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with PVR were included (42% tangential PVR, 58% segmental PVR). The adjusted risk for in-hospital/30-day major morbidity was 23% (95%CI, 17-32) after tangential and 23% (95%CI, 17-30) after segmental PVR (P=0.98). After adjusting for confounders, PVR type was not associated with OS (HR=0.94 [95%CI, 0.69-1.30]), RFS (HR=0.94 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.28), and locoregional recurrence (OR=0.76 [95%CI, 0.40-1.46]).

Conclusions:
In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer with ≤180° PMV involvement, the type of PVR (i.e., tangential vs. segmental) was not associated with differences in surgical and oncological outcome. This suggest that if both procedures are technically feasible, surgeons can choose the type of PVR based on their preference.
Predictors of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Thin Melanoma: Understanding the Impact of the American Joint Commission on Cancer 8th Edition Staging System
Authors: Donica Walter RF , Stephens Kyle R , Philips Prejesh , McMasters Kelly M , Egger Michael E 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
The definition of T1b cutaneous melanoma was changed in the 8th edition of the AJCC staging system based on survival differences but not risk of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases. We sought to evaluate changes in SLN biopsy (SLNB) use and rates of positive SLNB in response to updated staging criteria, and to evaluate the incidence of high-risk features in T1a melanoma in whom SLNB is now recommended.

STUDY DESIGN:
The 2021 National Cancer Database Melanoma PUF was used to obtain SLNB utilization and positivity rates in T1 (thin) melanoma (thickness ≤1.0mm) from 2012 to 2021. Rates were compared between AJCC 7th (2012-2017) and 8th editions (2018-2021). Factors associated with SLNB use in non-ulcerated T1 melanoma were evaluated. The presence of high-risk feature in T1a melanoma were identified and SLN positivity rates were reviewed.

RESULTS:
A total of 136,966 cases were included with 76,485 (55.8%) cases diagnosed under the AJCC 7th edition era (2021-2017). The overall proportion of patients with thin melanoma undergoing SLNB was relatively stable over the time periods, roughly 30%. In the AJCC 8th edition era, the overall SLNB positivity rate slightly increased from 4.5% to 6.6% (p < 0.001). There was increased SLNB use in melanoma with a thickness of 0.8 to 1.0mm (T1b: OR 2.53 [95% CI 2.31-2.78]) and decreased use when thickness was less than 0.8mm (T1a: OR 0.80 [0.76-0.85]). Rates of SLNB positivity increased in both thickness groups over time.

CONCLUSIONS:
After implementation of the AJCC 8th edition staging criteria, surgeons have become more selective in SLNB use with a resulting increase in SLNB positivity rate. Fewer SLNBs in T1a and more SLNBs in non-ulcerated T1b are being performed.
Time to start taking time seriously: how to investigate unexpected biological rhythms within infectious disease research
Authors: Edgar Rachel S. , O'Donnell Aidan J. , Xiaodong Zhuang Alan , Reece Sarah E. 
Published: January 2025

The discovery of rhythmicity in host and pathogen activities dates back to the Hippocratic era, but the causes and consequences of these biological rhythms have remained poorly understood. Rhythms in infection phenotypes or traits are observed across taxonomically diverse hosts and pathogens, suggesting general evolutionary principles. Understanding these principles may enable rhythms to be leveraged in manners that improve drug and vaccine efficacy or disrupt pathogen timekeeping to reduce virulence and transmission. Explaining and exploiting rhythms in infections require an integrative and multidisciplinary approach, which is a hallmark of research within chronobiology. Many researchers are welcomed into chronobiology from other fields after observing an unexpected rhythm or time-of-day effect in their data. Such findings can launch a rich new research topic, but engaging with the concepts, approaches and dogma in a new discipline can be daunting. Fortunately, chronobiology has well-developed frameworks for interrogating rhythms that can be readily applied in novel contexts. Here, we provide a ‘how to’ guide for exploring unexpected daily rhythms in infectious disease research. We outline how to establish: whether the rhythm is circadian, to what extent the host and pathogen are responsible, the relevance for host–pathogen interactions, and how to explore therapeutic potential.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.