bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonrandom cell‐cycle timing of a somatic chromosomal translocation: The t(X;17) of alveolar soft‐part sarcoma occurs in G2
Authors: Huang Hsuan‐Ying , Lui Man Yee , Ladanyi Marc 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cell‐cycle timing of somatic chromosomal translocations in cancer remains poorly understood but may be relevant to their etiology and the mechanism of their formation. Alveolar soft‐part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft‐tissue tumor of uncertain lineage that provides an opportunity to address this question. The great majority of ASPSs have relatively simple near‐diploid karyotypes characterized by an unbalanced der(17)t(X;17)(p11.2;q25), resulting in nonreciprocal fusion of TFE3 with ASPSCR1 (a.k.a. ASPL), with consequent net gain of Xp11.2→pter and loss of 17q25→qter. The presence of a normal X along with the der(17)t(X;17) in ASPSs that occur in men has been well described in previous cytogenetic reports and is most readily explained by a translocation in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. To establish whether formation in G2 is a general feature of the t(X;17), we examined polymorphic loci in Xp11.2→qter in ASPS from 9 women, including 7 with an unbalanced t(X;17). Our analysis showed that all 7 displayed retention of heterozygosity at all informative markers on Xp11.2→qter, supporting preferential formation of the t(X;17) in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Given that the two derivative chromosomes of a translocation in G2 would be expected to segregate together half the time, the predominance of an unbalanced der(17)t(X;17) also raises the possibility of a selective advantage in ASPS cells for gain of Xp11.2→pter or loss of 17q25.3→qter or retention of an active copy of TFE3. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Auctions vs negotiations: a study of price differentials
Authors: Kjerstad Egil 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent contributions in auction and bargaining theory suggest that a procurer should place more faith in the power of competition among alternative suppliers than in his or her own negotiating skill. Based on data from 216 contracts between procurers and suppliers of medical and surgical articles, we test whether auctions and bargaining result in significantly different prices. The main results are that auctions give ‘thicker’ markets compared with negotiations, as expected, but that auctions do not result in significantly lower prices compared with negotiations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for incorporating covariate adjustment, subgroup analysis and between‐centre differences into cost‐effectiveness evaluations
Authors: Nixon Richard M. , Thompson Simon G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: Overall assessments of cost–effectiveness are now commonplace in informing medical policy decision making. It is often important, however, also to investigate how cost–effectiveness varies between patient subgroups. Yet such analyses are rarely undertaken, because appropriate methods have not been sufficiently developed.Methods: We propose a coherent set of Bayesian methods to extend cost–effectiveness analyses to adjust for baseline covariates, to investigate differences between subgroups, and to allow for differences between centres in a multicentre study using a hierarchical model. These methods consider costs and effects jointly, and allow for the typically skewed distribution of cost data. The results are presented as inferences on the cost–effectiveness plane, and as cost–effectiveness acceptability curves.Results: In applying these methods to a randomised trial of case management of psychotic patients, we show that overall cost–effectiveness can be affected by ignoring the skewness of cost data, but that it may be difficult to gain substantial precision by adjusting for baseline covariates. While analyses of overall cost–effectiveness can mask important subgroup differences, crude differences between centres may provide an unrealistic indication of the true differences between them.Conclusions: The methods developed allow a flexible choice for the distributions used for cost data, and have a wide range of applicability – to both randomised trials and observational studies. Experience needs to be gained in applying these methods in practice, and using their results in decision making. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation versus practice ‐ the impact of accessibility on the use of specialist health care in Norway
Authors: Iversen Tor , Kopperud Gry Stine 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn Norway specialized health services are provided both by public hospitals and by privately practicing specialists who have a contract with the public sector. A patient's co‐payment is the same irrespective of the type of provider he visits. The ambition of equity in the allocation of medical care is high among all political parties. The instruments for auditing whether these goals are fulfilled are not equally ambitious. The objective of the present study is to explore whether laws and regulations that govern the allocation of specialist health care resources in fact are fulfilled. Panel data from the Survey of Living Conditions are merged with data on capacity and spatial access to primary and specialist care. We find that accessibility and socio‐economic variables play a considerable role in determining both the probability of at least one visit and the number of visits to a private specialist. A person with a higher university degree living in a municipality with the highest value of the geographical accessibility index has a 46%‐points higher probability of at least one visit to a private specialist compared with a person with junior high living in a municipality with the lowest value of the accessibility index. With regard to visits to a hospital outpatient department these variables are not found to have significant effects.We conclude that public ambitions and regulations are fulfilled for specialist services provided by public hospitals. With regard to the provision of services provided by publicly financed private specialists we find a discrepancy between public goals and surveyed practice. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Socioeconomic status, depression disparities, and financial strain: what lies behind the income‐depression relationship?
Authors: Zimmerman Frederick J. , Katon Wayne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrior studies have consistently found the incidence and persistence of depression to be higher among persons with low incomes, but causal mechanisms for this relationship are not well understood. This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to test several hypotheses about the robustness of the depression–income relationship among adults. In regressions of depression symptoms on income and sociodemographic variables, income is significantly associated with depression. However, when controls for other economic variables are included, the effect of income is considerably reduced, and generally not significant. Employment status and the ratio of debts‐to‐assets are both highly significant for men and for women both above and below the median income. Fixed‐effects estimates suggest that employment status and financial strain are causally related to depression, but income is not. Instrumental variable estimates suggest that financial strain may not lead to depression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards protein folding with evolutionary techniques
Authors: Koskowski Florian , Hartke Bernd 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present design details and first tests of a new evolutionary algorithm approach to ab initio protein folding. It does not focus on dihedral angles exclusively, but mainly operates on introduction, extension, break‐up, and destruction of secondary structure elements, given as correlated dihedral angle values. In first test applications to polyalanines (up to 60 residues) and random primary sequences (up to 40 residues), we demonstrate that this use of prior knowledge is well balanced: On the one hand, it ensures quick introduction of secondary structure elements if they are favorable for a given primary sequence, but still allows for efficient location of pure random coil solutions without enforcing any secondary structure elements, if folds of this type are preferred by the given primary sequence. Furthermore, the algorithm is clearly able to pack several secondary structure elements into favorable tertiary structure arrangements, although no part of the algorithm is explicitly designed to do this. In first test examples on real‐life peptides between 21 and 44 residues from the Protein Data Bank, the quality of the results depends on the force field used (as expected); nevertheless, we can show that the algorithm is able to find structures in good agreement with the targets easily and consistently, if the force field allows for that. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1169–1179, 2005
Why I (really) became a therapist
Authors: Ellis Albert 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article describes how the author really became a therapist and worked on his own social and performance anxiety. He was at first a follower of liberal psychoanalysis, but, in successfully using in vivo desensitization on himself, he overcame his anxiety and became highly constructivist. He finally created rational emotive behavior therapy, the pioneering cognitive‐behavior therapy; integrated it with emotional‐evocative and experiential methods; and used it to cope with much criticism he received about his active‐directive techniques. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 945–948, 2005.
Don't be a sheep: How this eldest daughter became a feminist therapist
Authors: Brown Laura S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis article describes what I consider to be important influences on the development of my career as a psychotherapist. I explore familial effects, the influences of culture and of individual role models, and the impact of the women's movement on my career. I also examine the role that a contrarian, “outside” stance has played in the selection of my career and theoretical orientation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 949–956, 2005.
What inspired me to become a psychotherapist?
Authors: Mahrer Alvin R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSix answers are given to the question of why I really became a psychotherapist. Of the six answers, three involve what may be considered inspirational influences: the inspirational benefits of what psychotherapy can offer, inspirational teachers, and inspirational practitioners. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 957–964, 2005.
Becoming a multicultural psychotherapist: The confluence of culture, ethnicity, and gender
Authors: Comas‐Díaz Lillian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA Latina psychotherapist relates the influences of culture, ethnicity, gender, and class in her process of becoming a psychotherapist. Struggling with physical impediment, cultural translocation, racism, sexism, and their interaction, she has grounded her identity as a wounded healer. The pervasive role of history and sociopolitics in her life has contributed to her articulation of psychotherapy's role in liberation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 973–981, 2005.
Why I became a (brief) psychotherapist
Authors: Hoyt Michael F. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe author describes his development as a psychotherapist. He emphasizes both nurture and nature; he indicates that in addition to factors such as family and professional teachers and the zeitgeist, his choice was prefigured by the calling of character. He also discusses some of the influences that led to and confirmed his interest in approaches that fall under the general theoretical rubrics of brief and narrative constructive forms of therapy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 983–989, 2005.
Doing something
Authors: McCullough Leigh 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe author relates her circuitous journey of becoming a psychotherapist, partially from the family ethic of helping others in need, but even more fundamentally from learning, on her grandfather's knee, to study character in the human face. She links those experiences to her love of studying and doing research with videotapes of therapy patients. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 991–997, 2005.
In vitro contraction of lobster (Homarus) ovarian muscle: Methods for assaying contraction and effects of biogenic amines
Authors: Howard David R. , Talbot P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ovary of the lobster, Homarus americanus, is encased by a nonstriated muscular wall that is thought to contract and extrude the oocytes at spawning. The cells of this lobster ovarian muscle (LOM) are unconventional in that their contractile apparati contain extensive arrays of microtubules in addition to actin and myosin. In this study, we introduce two assays to measure LOM contraction in vitro. One assay ranks the distinct morphological changes that a contracting LOM muscle strip progresses through to quantify the extent of contraction. In the other assay, the distances that the edges of LOM strips travel during contraction are measured from a video monitor to calculate a rate of contraction. Using these assays, we found that compounds that elevate intracellular cAMP (IBMX, forskolin, and dbcAMP) inhibit LOM contraction. The biogenic amines octopamine (OCT), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), and dopamine (DA) were tested for their ability to stimulate LOM contraction in vitro. Octopamine (10−6–10−4 M) significantly stimulates contraction in a dose‐dependent manner, and 5‐HT (10−5–10−3 M) mildly stimulates contraction. Dopamine has no effect on contraction. The opposing effects of forskolin and OCT on LOM contraction indicate that OCT stimulation is not mediated through class two OCT receptors. Therefore, LOM appears to be controlled by either class one OCT receptors or a novel class of OCT receptors. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leg development in a frog without a tadpole (Eleutherodactylus coqui)
Authors: Elinson Richard P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDirect developing frogs, like Eleutherodactylus coqui, have deleted the tadpole from their life history. Limb buds appear early and develop continuously through embryonic life. The capacity for autonomous development of E. coqui limb buds was tested by explantation and transplantation. When limb buds were explanted to in vitro culture, they progressed for a few stages and then arrested. When limb buds were transplanted to embryos of a typical tadpole species (Rana pipiens), the buds formed legs with knees, digits, and some cartilage, but they did not elongate. Since limb buds transplanted to various sites on E. coqui embryos tended to develop completely, the limited development of the explants in vitro and the transplants to R. pipiens suggests the presence of a systemic factor in the embryo involved in the normal continuous growth of E. coqui legs. Attempts to demonstrate a role for thyroid hormone have thus far been unsuccessful. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of mouse egg activation by the kinase inhibitor, 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP)
Authors: Moses Ruth M. , Masui Yoshio 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMetaphase arrest in vertebrate eggs is maintained by the action of cytostatic factor (CSF) on maturation promoting factor (MPF). In amphibian eggs, the kinase inhibitor, 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP) inactivates both CSF and MPF, resulting in the release from metaphase and entry into interphase. In the mouse, 6‐DMAP induces nuclear formation in maturing oocytes, but not in eggs at metaphase II. We found that 6‐DMAP accelerated the transition to interphase in mouse eggs treated with the parthenogenetic agents A23187, cycloheximide, or phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). Newly ovulated eggs, refractory to full activation by A23187, entered interphase when treated with A23187 and 6‐DMAP in combination. Occasional batches of eggs formed nuclei in response to 6‐DMAP alone. These results are discussed with regard to the possible effects of 6‐DMAP on MPF and CSF. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distal‐less and other homeobox genes in the development of the dentition
Authors: Weiss K. M. , Bollekens J. , Ruddle F. H. , Takashita K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mammalian tooth develops through an interaction between two tissue layers of different embryologic origin. A number of transcription factors and as well as two members of the Msx class of homeobox genes have been shown to be involved in the histogenesis of the mammalian tooth. This raised the possibility that other homeobox genes might be involved in dental morphogenesis. We have amplified mouse tooth germ cDNA from three different gestational ages by the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers for 18 classes of homeobox genes. Members of several classes have been isolated, including the Msx genes, two Dlx genes, and the Dbx, MHox, Mox2A genes. One of the Dlx genes, Dlx‐7, had not previously been reported in mammals, and some details are presented of its cDNA sequence. This work plus that of other investigators has shown that at least six Dlx genes are expressed in developing teeth or in first branchial arches, suggesting the possibility that these genes are involved in specifying complexity within or between teeth. The screening approach with degenerate primers is a successful way to identify new as well as previously known regulatory genes expressed in developing tooth embryos. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 5‐fluorouracil on macromolecular synthesis during secondary palate development in quail
Authors: Shah Ravindra M. , Cheng Kimberly M. , Feeley Elizabeth J. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA study was undertaken to examine the growth of normal and 5‐fluorouraciltreated quail secondary palate during embryogenesis. The rates of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were measured in the developing quail palate by liquid scintillation counting of radiolabelled thymidine, uridine, or leucine. In addition, shelf volume was determined morphometrically. The results showed that in control palates the shelf volume increased rapidly between days 5 and 7 of incubation. Drug treatment on day 4 did not alter the shelf volume until day 9 of incubation, at which time the treated shelves were smaller than controls. In control palates, the rate of DNA synthesis decreased steadily between days 5 and 9 of incubation. A burst in RNA synthesis on day 7 of incubation was followed by an increase in protein synthesis. Administration of FU seems to exert its effect via disturbing the synthesis of RNA and protein, instead of disruption of DNA synthesis, to ultimately affect the shelf area, and thus palate morphogenesis in quail. Comparison of avian and mammalian data indicated that differences in their palate morphogenesis are also reflected in the different temporal patterns of various macromolecular synthesis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of cytotoxic activity by hemocytes of the solitary ascidian, Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Peddie Clare M. , Smith Valerie J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe mechanism of cytotoxicity by the hemocytes from the solitary ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, against the target cell WEHI, a mouse myelomonocytic leukemic cell (strain 3B), was investigated in vitro. Experiments using chelators of Mg2+ and Ca2+ show that the cytotoxic activity by these hemocytes involves at least two stages distinguishable by their divalent cation requirements. In particular removal of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ by EDTA inhibits effector to target cell conjugate formation and target cell lysis, whereas selective removal of Ca2+ by EGTA inhibits target cell lysis but does not reduce the formation of effector to target cell conjugates. Evidence that cytotoxic activity is reduced by sodium azide, cytochalasin B, colchicine, vinblastine sulfate, and monensin, indicates that the response involves energy metabolism, requires an intact cyto‐skeleton, and entails active secretory processes in the effector cells. In addition, cytotoxic activity is probably not mediated by superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide, because the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase did not affect target cell lysis. It is therefore likely that cytotoxic activity by the hemocytes from C. intestinalis is mediated by mechanisms similar to those of vertebrate cytotoxic cells. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of ecdysteroid receptor immunoreactivity in eyestalk and muscle tissue of the American lobster, Homarus americanus
Authors: El Haj A. J. , Harrison P. , Chang E. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEcdysteroid receptor immunoreactivity (EcR) has been identified in walking leg extensor muscle and eyestalk neural tissue of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, using a monoclonal antibody to the EcR of Drosophila melanogaster. Western blots using the EcR antibody, hybridized with a 95–110 kDa protein from the lobster tissues examined. Premoult muscle and hypodermis, and eyestalk neural tissue cross‐reacted with the antibody as evidenced with immunocytochemistry. Sections of eyestalk neural tissue showed cytoplasmic localization of the EcR in the neural cells associated with the X‐organ/sinus gland complex. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water relations in nocturnal and diurnal foragers of the desert honeypot ant Myrmecocystus: Implications for colony‐level selection
Authors: Duncan Frances D. , Lighton John R. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe desert honeypot ant genus Myrmecocystus contains both diurnal and nocturnal species, which are subject to very different desiccation challenges when foraging. We measured water loss rates (WLRss) of live and dead M. mexicanus and M. mendax workers (nocturnal and diurnal foragers, respectively) in still and moving air at 30°C. In M. mendax, air flow and vital state significantly affected WLR; death increased WLR, as did air flow (but only in live ants). The WLR of M. mexicanus was unaffected by flow or vital state and was generally equivalent to that of M. mendax. Cuticular permeabilities of both species 10–20 μg H2 cm−2 h−1 Torr−1) are similar to values for other xeric insects. The mean body water content of both species was very high at 84% of live body mass. Coordination failed after losing 71% (M. mexicanus), and 51% (M. mendax), of total original body water reserves. Paradoxically, therefore, the diurnal M. mendex workers are operationally more sensitive to desiccation; accordingly, in a desiccating environment they lost coordination more rapidly than M. mexicanus workers (mean 27 vs. 59 hr). We therefore found no evidence that WLRs or dehydration sensitivities of these worker ants reflected the differing dehydration challenges imposed by diurnal vs. nocturnal foraging strategies and suggest that this may reflect similar selective pressures not on workers, but on female reproductives during colony foundation. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.