bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Multicatalytic Decarbonylation of Aldehydes Driven by Light
Authors: Nouaille Augustin , Terzani Francesco , Fakih Yara , Hannedouche Jérôme , Magnier Emmanuel , Gosmini Corinne , Dagousset Guillaume 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA metal‐free dual photo‐ and organocatalytic decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes is described for the first time. On the one hand, a wide range of tertiary aldehydes are smoothly decarbonylated thanks to the combination of thioxanthone as photocatalyst and diphenyl disulfide as organocatalyst. On the other hand, by simply using 4‐CzIPN as photocatalyst instead of thioxanthone, various secondary aldehydes readily undergo decarbonylation in an orthogonal manner, via the in situ formation of 1,4‐dihydropyridines. Both methodologies are compatible with various functional groups and are readily applied to the decarbonylation of complex molecules.
Cotton From Industrial Waste Modified for Effective Absorption of Oil Spills
Authors: Singh Chandra Jeet , Srivastava Mayuri , Jaiswal Vivek , Ghosh Anik , Mukhopadhyay Samrat , Rengasamy Raju Seenivasan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA primary emphasis of this investigation is the utilization of discarded cotton fiber. Oil sorbent from cotton was developed by changing the hydrophilic surface of waste cotton fiber to a hydrophobic surface by acetylation treatment. Change in the surface structure of the fiber was confirmed by confirmed through various analytical techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, drop shape analyzer (DSA100), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared to commercial oil sorbents (polypropylene), diesel and engine oil were shown to have much greater oil sorption capacities (20.07 and 23.89 g/g, respectively). Acetylated cotton fibers are easily disposed of after the fifth cycle and have remarkable oil sorption capacities (23.89 g/g). After the fifth cycle, regenerated sorbent is eco‐friendly and can supply biopower plants. They also support environmental sustainability goals.
The Architecture of Large Kurgans of the Scythians and Their Periphery: A Challenge for Magnetometer Prospections in the Eurasian Steppe Belt
Authors: Fassbinder Jörg W. E. , Gass Anton 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe burial mounds of the early Iron Age, which we will refer to below as kurgans, from the nomadic equestrian warriors of Eurasia, form a very complex group of archaeological monuments. Archaeological excavations in Aržan 2 (Siberia) and Aleksandropol (Ukraine) show that the large burial mounds are complex architectural constructions. Such monuments included not only the kurgan mounds themselves but also their immediate surroundings. In the area surrounding the kurgan, further graves, hordes and sacrificial facilities that belonged to the periphery of the large burial mound were uncovered. These results gave birth to the hypothesis that these findings are characteristic of burial mounds of the Scythian period. With extended archaeo‐geophysical investigations, we aimed to test this assumption and verify this hypothesis by surveying as many Scythian sites across the entire steppe belt as possible. Here, we present a selection of representative case studies from 24 archaeological sites that support this hypothesis. Our archaeo‐geophysical investigations show that similar and previously unknown finds can be found in the periphery of the Scythian‐era necropolises in the Eurasian steppe throughout the entire steppe belt. By comparing many magnetometer studies, we gained exceptional new archaeological insights that would have remained hidden for decades using conventional archaeological excavation methods. We uncovered some findings by using a magnetometer survey for the first time. Such parallels of findings indicate intensive contacts of the early equestrian nomads in the east with both the northwestern steppe of Kazakhstan, the steppe of the northern Caucasus and in the steppe region of the Lower Trans‐Volga, which forms the corridor between Europe and Asia and the western North Caucasus. Comparable structures with the same magnetic signature may indicate a comparable ritual character. Buildings of these early Iron Age nomadic horsemen presumably served the same rites and established burial rituals. As a result, these groups were possibly already connected by a widespread communication network in the 1st millennium bc, which stretched across Eurasia's entire 4200‐km‐wide steppe belt.
Fluorescent properties and photostability of streptavidin‐conjugated StayGOLD protein for DNA labeling
Authors: Kim Yurie Tehee , Choe Joohee , Jo Kyubong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHere, we report a strepatavidin(SA)‐conjugated StayGOLD fluorescent protein as a DNA labeling agent. We investigate the photophysical properties and photostability of the streptavidin‐coupled StayGOLD fluorescent protein compared to SA‐mNeonGreen. Fluorescent proteins, particularly StayGOLD variants, are recognized for their enhanced stability and brightness, making them suitable for prolonged imaging. Using SA‐StayGOLD in DNA labeling, we observed significant improvements in fluorescence intensity and reduced photobleaching relative to SA‐mNeonGreen. Photophysical analyses suggest that StayGOLD's stability arises from specific structural features, including interactions of protein residues and water molecules with the chromophore. Structural comparisons revealed differing chromophore environments between SA‐StayGOLD and SA‐mNeonGreen, with arginine (R86) in StayGOLD appearing as a particularly relevant factor for its photostability. These findings confirm SA‐StayGOLD as a superior tool for single‐molecule DNA imaging, where high fluorescence intensity and photostability are essential for data quality.
Marginal Fit and Fracture Resistance of Vertical Versus Horizontal Margins in Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Salama Mohamed A. , Aldamaty Mohamed F. , Abdalla Moamen A. , Omar Elsayed Ali , AbdElaziz Mohammed H. , Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe use of vertical margin design in all‐ceramic restoration has generated inquiries regarding its clinical efficacy under diverse dynamic oral conditions. This research aims to assess the marginal fit and fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns featuring vertical margin design as opposed to those with conventional horizontal margin design.Materials and MethodsTwo metal dies were employed to generate replicated resin dies mimicking mandibular first molar preparation. The metal dies were precision‐engineered with two margin designs: vertical margin design presenting a shoulderless configuration (Featheredge) and horizontal margin design (Radial Shoulder). Forty zirconia crowns were produced on the replicated resin dies using two varieties of monolithic zirconia, with twenty crowns in each category: pre‐shaded and multilayered zirconia. Both sets were further subdivided into two groups based on the finish line configuration utilized (n = 10). The vertical marginal gap of the zirconia crowns was gauged before and after thermocycling (5‐55oC/5000 cycles), followed by loading the crowns until fracture occurred. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), accompanied by Bonferroni's post hoc test and independent t‐test for pairwise comparisons.ResultsThe Shoulder subgroup of BruxZir exhibited the highest mean marginal gap value (120.06 ± 10.15 µ), while the Featheredge subgroup of BruxZir displayed the lowest value (49.72 ± 6.53 µ). Among the BruxZir group, the Featheredge subgroup showcased the highest mean fracture resistance value (4251.57 ± 279.90 N), whereas the Shoulder subgroup recorded the lowest value (1721.60 ± 225.16 N).ConclusionMonolithic zirconia crowns with vertical margin design (Featheredge) demonstrated statistically enhanced performance compared to conventional horizontal margin design, as evidenced by lower marginal gap values and increased fracture resistance tolerance.
Inulin Dehydration to 5‐HMF in Deep Eutectic Solvents Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquids Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Marullo Salvatore , Raia Giovanna , Bailey Josh J. , Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , D'Anna Francesca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractValorization of carbohydrate‐rich biomass by conversion into industrially relevant products is at the forefront of research in sustainable chemistry. In this work, we studied the inulin conversion into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, in deep eutectic solvents, in the presence of acidic task‐specific ionic liquids as catalysts. We employed aliphatic and aromatic ionic liquids as catalysts, and choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents bearing glycols or carboxylic acids, as solvents. The reactions were performed in a biphasic system, with acetone as a benign extracting solvent, enabling continuous extraction of 5‐HMF. We aimed to find the best experimental conditions for this transformation, in terms of catalyst loading, solvent, reaction time and temperature to achieve an economical and energy efficient process. We also analyzed the results in terms of solvent viscosity and structural organization as well as catalysts acidity, to elucidate which structural features mostly favour the reaction. Under optimized conditions, we obtained a yield in 5‐HMF of 71 %, at 80 °C in 3 h. Our system can be scaled up and recycled three times with no loss in yield. Finally, comparison with the literature shows that our system achieves a higher yield under milder conditions than most protocols so far reported for the same transformation.
Impact of Repeated Glucocorticoid Oral Administration on the Urinary Steroid Profile
Authors: Coll Sergi , Hernández Deamelys , Bressan Claudia , Ramírez Rosalia , Monfort Núria , Aldea‐Perona Ana , Ventura Rosa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe detection of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) is performed with the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). Glucocorticoids (GC) could be a confounding factor to the ABP Steroidal Module because they inhibit the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, and ABP metabolites have partial adrenal origin. In previous studies, single‐dose systemic GC administrations have been shown to reduce the urinary ratios A/T and 5αdiol/E. In this work, the impact of repeated oral doses of GCs on the urinary steroid profile (SP) has been evaluated. The treatments administered consisted of multiple oral administrations of methylprednisolone (12 mg/24 h for 3 days, n = 8) and dexamethasone (2 mg/12 h for 5 days, n = 8). Urine samples were collected before, during, and after the GC treatments, and the SP was measured in all samples using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The multiple‐dose oral administration of GCs resulted in a treatment‐dependent reduction of the excretion rates of some urinary metabolites (5αAdiol, A, and Etio) and the urinary SP ratios A/T and 5αAdiol/E. The T/E ratio was not significantly affected. Overall, although the consumption of GC could result in atypical profiles for A/T and 5αAdiol/E ratios, according to the cost/benefit assessment, GC should not be considered a confounding factor to the urinary SP because misunderstandings would only take place in very specific situations and, in those cases, the analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry of the urine triggering the atypical profile would demonstrate the endogenous origin of the SP metabolites.
Late solitary metastasis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in the residual ureter
Authors: Hakozaki Yusuke , Matsuoka Kanako , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Hata Junya , Sato Yuichi , Akaihata Hidenori , Kataoka Masao , Ogawa Soichiro , Uemura Motohide , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPostoperative recurrence of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is rare, and its metastatic process remains unclear. We here report a case of a solitary metastasis in the residual ureter detected 9 years after the primary surgery and discuss its possible recurrence mechanism based on our immunohistochemical study.Case presentationA 67‐year‐old woman received nephrectomy for a left renal tumor, which was diagnosed as chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with urinary collecting system invasion. Nine years postoperatively, a tumor was found in the residual ureteral stump and was surgically excised. The recurrent tumor was histologically diagnosed as chromophobe renal cell carcinoma surrounded by normal urothelial cells. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells showed a high expression of uroplakin‐2, a urothelium‐specific marker.ConclusionIn our case, highly adhesive uroplakin‐2‐positive cancer cells spilled from the primary site and attached to the residual ureteral stump, growing slowly while being gradually covered by normal urothelial cells.
Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network for Robust Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sharma Kanta Prasad , Hussain Rifat , Jaharadak Adam Amril , Trawnih Ali Ahmad , Verma Deekhsha , Dasi Shivakrishna , Pant Shivani 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose an intelligent hybrid model that combines deep learning with optimization techniques to enhance the security of wireless sensor networks (WSN) by detecting and preventing cyberattacks. In the rapidly expanding Internet landscape, security has become crucial due to the surge in Internet users. Various intrusion detection systems have been developed over time to detect and identify intruders using data processing methods. However, existing systems often fall short in achieving high detection accuracy. To address this, the article introduces an Enhanced Black Widow Optimization (EBWO) algorithm integrated with a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) and Attention Mechanism (ATTN) model for detecting malicious activities in IoT‐based WSNs. The EBWO algorithm optimizes the parameters of the BiGRU‐ATTN network, enhancing its performance. The proposed model's effectiveness is evaluated using various metrics and benchmarked against other popular deep learning algorithms. An experimental study is conducted using the WSN‐DS dataset to demonstrate that the proposed approach detects cyber threats in WSNs better than any other approach.
Pharmacokinetic and Exposure–Response Modeling Support Body Surface Area‐Based Dosing of Farletuzumab Ecteribulin in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors
Authors: Hayato Seiichi , Hamuro Lora , Shimizu Toshio , Yonemori Kan , Nishio Shin , Yunokawa Mayu , Yoshida Tatsuya , Nishio Makoto , Matsumoto Koji , Takehara Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Kosei , Kozuki Toshiyuki , Hirashima Yasuyuki , Kato Hidenori , Miura Takuma , Nomoto Maiko , Zhao Yue , Zhu Li , Yasuda Sanae 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe first‐in‐human, Phase 1 Study 101 showed antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile of farletuzumab ecteribulin in Japanese patients with platinum‐resistant ovarian and non‐small cell lung cancer. A pharmacometric assessment evaluated farletuzumab ecteribulin pharmacokinetics and exposure–response (E‐R) relationships for efficacy and safety to support dose optimization. Patients received 0.3‐1.2 mg/kg of farletuzumab ecteribulin intravenously every 3 weeks. A pharmacokinetics (PK) model was developed and used for E‐R analyses. Efficacy was assessed via tumor response and safety via known treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of farletuzumab ecteribulin, particularly pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease (ILD). Dosing scenarios were simulated to identify dosing that maximizes the probability of an objective response while minimizing the risk of ILD. The farletuzumab ecteribulin PK dataset included 1261 observations from 82 patients. The final model included an estimated population mean value for farletuzumab ecteribulin clearance of 0.0162 L/h. Body surface area (BSA) was a significant PK covariate and was included in the model. Body weight (BW) was associated with higher farletuzumab ecteribulin exposure. Using BW‐based dosing, farletuzumab ecteribulin AUC (area under the serum concentration–time curve) was higher in patients with tumor response or stable disease versus patients with progressive disease and higher in patients with ILD and other TEAEs. Dosing simulations showed that BSA‐based dosing (33 mg/m2) yielded similar tumor responses to BW‐based dosing (0.9 mg/kg) and decreased ILD rates. This study showed that BW‐based dosing resulted in higher risks of ILD events for patients with a high BW versus low BW, whereas BSA‐based dosing is predicted to reduce this risk while maintaining clinical efficacy.
Gender Differences in Barriers in Career Development Among a Cohort of Dental Researchers. A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sangalli Linda , Shaddox Luciana M. , De Souza Grace M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study investigated gender differences in barriers to career development among dental researchers and between academic and non‐academic women.MethodsAn anonymous 34‐item survey assessing barriers to career development and workplace obstacles (14 items), along with demographic/occupation characteristics (22 items), was distributed among dental researchers at the Women In Science Network meetings at 2024 AADOCR/IADR General Session (QR code) and through AADOCR/IADR discussion board (online platform). Differences in barriers and workplace obstacles were analyzed between women and men with chi‐square tests; comparisons were repeated among women working within versus outside academia.ResultsA total of 233 participants completed the survey (68.7% women, 45.3% White, two‐thirds working in the United States, 62% in academia). Compared to men, women more frequently reported feeling less supported by leadership (p = 0.039), taking career breaks (p = 0.004), and experiencing bullying/harassment (41.3% vs. 22.6%; p = 0.003), microaggression (55.6% vs. 33.9%; p = 0.001), and gender bias (46.9% vs. 14.5%; p < 0.001) in their workplace, particularly between ages 36 and 65. While work–life balance issues (62.8%) and stress (59.6%) were reported by both, women reported a lack of financial (p = 0.004), administrative (p = 0.045), and mentoring (p = 0.014) support more often than men. Limited to women, those in academia reported more episodes of bullying/harassment (47.9% vs. 23.3%; p = 0.016), microaggression (67.5% vs. 23.3%; p < 0.001), and gender bias (56.4% vs. 20.9%; p < 0.001) than those outside academia, especially between ages 51 and 65. Compared to non‐academic women, those in academia faced more unsatisfactory leadership decisions (p = 0.003), financial (p = 0.006), administrative (p = 0.046), and mentoring (p = 0.007) support.ConclusionsWomen in dental research encounter significantly more barriers to development and workplace obstacles than men and non‐academic women.
Contemporary clinical perspectives on chronic low back pain: The biology, mechanics, etc. underpinning clinical and radiological evaluation
Authors: Sima Stone , Diwan Ashish 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPain of a chronic nature remains the foremost concern in tertiary spine clinics, yet its elusive nature and quantification challenges persist. Despite extensive research and education on low back pain (LBP), the realm of diagnostic practices lacks a unified approach. Clinically, LBP exhibits a multifaceted character, encompassing conventional assessments of severity and disability, alongside nuanced attributes like pain characterization, duration, and patient expectations. Common instigators of LBP encountered in spine surgical settings comprise degenerated intervertebral discs (IVD), herniated IVD, canal and foraminal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. However, addressing the root cause necessitates its identification and substantiation through visualization.MethodsThis perspective reviews the diagnostic complexities of LBP. Thorough history‐taking and physical examinations offer preliminary insights into the underlying source of pain, whether it arises from discogenic origins, neural compression, or sagittal imbalance. The importance of classifying chronic LBP into the underlying pathophysiology is explored. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of aligning clinical observations with imaging findings to guide personalized treatment strategies.ResultsCurrently, there exists a disparity globally between evidence‐based recommendations and actual applications. Recent discoveries behind the pathophysiology of pain phenotypes signify the importance of classifying LBP into its neuropathic or nociceptive origins. The pivotal role of radiological investigations in validating clinical findings for an accurate diagnosis cannot be overstated. However, radiology should not operate in isolation; the disconnect between the clinical and radiological realms ultimately benefits neither the patient nor the surgeon. Additionally, more sensitive measures of IVD prolapse and the corresponding inflammatory pathway triggered are required to provide information on the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of pain generation.ConclusionThis perspective article underscores the imperative fusion of clinical acumen and radiological precision in the intricate landscape of LBP diagnosis. These findings advocate for a paradigm shift towards personalized medicine. By offering a compass for surgeons to navigate this complex terrain and deliver more effective, patient‐centered care with targeted interventions this article aims to enhance management outcomes for chronic LBP.
Breast radiation therapy fluence painting with multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Dongrong Yang , Xinyi Li , Sua Yoo , Rachel Blitzblau , Susan McDuff , Sarah Stephens , Paul Segars , Q Jackie Wu , Yang Sheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe electronic compensation (ECOMP) technique for breast radiation therapy provides excellent dose conformity and homogeneity. However, the manual fluence painting process presents a challenge for efficient clinical operation.PurposeTo facilitate the clinical treatment planning automation of breast radiation therapy, we utilized reinforcement learning (RL) to develop an auto‐planning tool that iteratively edits the fluence maps under the guidance of clinically relevant objectives.MethodsWith institutional review board (IRB) approval, 70 patients treated with 6MV tangential photon beams with ECOMP technique were retrospectively collected and included in this study (20/50 for training/testing). Each pixel in the fluence map was assigned a reinforcement learning agent to perform independent action. Beam‐eye‐view projected dose profiles were generated to form state information as the input of the RL network. By predicting the Q value, pixel‐wise actions were selected to modify specific pixel value in the fluence maps to improve overall plan quality. After dose calculation, reward signal calculated from the variation of target coverage and dose homogeneity was fed back to the RL framework and used to update network parameters. The RL generated plans were evaluated with dose distribution and dosimetric endpoints (i.e., Breast PTV V90%, Breast PTV V95%, Breast PTV V105%, Lung V20 Gy, Heart V5 Gy, Dmax) and compared with clinical plans.ResultsThe RL agent took around 90 s to generate a ECOMP treatment plan. The RL plans exhibited plan quality comparable to clinical plans in terms of isodose distribution and dosimetric endpoints. The mean Breast PTV V95%, Breast PTV V105% of RL plans are and , compared to and cc of clinical plans.ConclusionThe developed RL framework efficiently generates breast ECOMP plans with clinical acceptable plan quality.