bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of PainChek in older general hospital patients with dementia
Authors: Sampson Elizabeth L , Davies Nathan , Vickerstaff Victoria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Pain is common in people with dementia in general hospitals. This can be difficult to identify.

Objectives
To evaluate the psychometric properties of PainChek electronic pain assessment tool.

Design
Cross-sectional psychometric study.

Setting
Six medical care of older people wards from two general hospitals in greater London, UK.

Subjects
63 people with clinical diagnosis of dementia: mean 84 years (SD 6.7), 59% female, 69% living in their own homes, 64% white British, 77% moderate/severe dementia.

Method
Psychometric evaluation of PainChek, a point-of-care electronic pain assessment tool combining artificial intelligence, facial analysis and smartphone technology. From a total of 216 assessments, we tested PainChek’s inter-rater reliability (IRR) (Cohen’s kappa), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and concurrent validity (Pearson’s coefficient) between PainChek and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scores at rest and post-movement [95% confidence interval (95% CI) where appropriate]. We assessed convergent validity with Symptom Management–End of Life in Dementia scale (SM-EOLD) (Pearson’s coefficient) and discriminant validity (rest vs post-movement).

Results
IRR was 0.714 (95% CI 0.562 to 0.81) (rest) and 0.817 (95% CI 0.692 to 0.894) (post-movement). Internal consistency was 0.755 (rest) and 0.833 (post-movement). Concurrent validity with PAINAD was 0.528 (95% CI 0.317 to 0.690) (rest) and 0.787 (0.604 to 0.891) (post-movement). Convergent validity with SM-EOLD was −0.555 (95% CI −0.726 to −0.318) (rest) and −0.5644 (95% CI −0.733 to −0.331) (post-movement). Discriminant validity was significant.

Conclusions
PainChek is a valid and reliable pain assessment tool for people with dementia in general hospitals. Further consideration will be needed for implementation into this setting.
Silicone Leakage From Breast Implants and Its Association With Capsular Contracture in 657 Patients
Authors: Larsen Andreas , Bak Erik Eiler Frydshou , Weltz Tim Kongsmark , Hemmingsen Mathilde Nejrup , Andersen Pia Cajsa Leth , Bredgaard Rikke , Damsgaard Tine Engberg , Elberg Jens Jørgen , Trillingsgaard Jesper , Mielke Louise Vennegaard , Hölmich Lisbet Rosenkrantz , Vester-Glowinski Peter , Ørholt Mathias , Herly Mikkel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Capsular contracture is a common complication following breast reconstruction and augmentation, but there is limited evidence for the association between silicone leaking from the implant and capsular contracture.

Objectives
To determine the association between silicone leaking into the surrounding fibrous capsule and the risk of capsular contracture.

Methods
This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients undergoing revisional surgery for any indication following breast reconstruction or augmentation with silicone implants. Silicone in the fibrous capsule was quantified using histopathological analysis, and capsular contracture was diagnosed using the Baker classification. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between the amount of silicone leakage and the predicted risk of capsular contracture. The association was tested in a sensitivity analysis excluding potential confounders and misclassifications.

Results
Among 657 included patients (1147 breasts), 272 patients (346 breasts) had either unilateral or bilateral capsular contracture. Capsular contracture was significantly associated with the amount of silicone in the fibrous capsule (P &lt; .001), independent from the time of implantation (P &lt; .001). The excess risk of capsular contracture increased rapidly by 12% (95% CI, 5.0-18), going from 0.00 mL (0-32nd percentile) to 0.26 mL (60th percentile) of silicone in the fibrous capsule. The association was confirmed in the sensitivity analysis of 421 patients (654 breasts) with intact implants.

Conclusions
Even small amounts of silicone leakage are associated with a significantly increased risk of capsular contracture. This highlights the importance of using breast implants with low silicone leakage rates, such as highly cohesive implants, to prevent capsular contracture.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Producing spaces of care in public urban places: Discovering relations between social workers’ work knowledge and social spaces
Authors: Mjåland Leni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Social work studies have been attentive to the significance of space and place, but few have explored the relationship between space and social workers’ ‘work knowledge’. The literature on professional discretion has focused on ways in which bureaucratization, rules, and procedures structure and limit the ability to engage meaningfully with clients in social work practices. This study builds on findings from observations of and interviews with social workers employed in NGO-based services doing outreach work in public urban places. These social workers have ample room to make autonomous judgements in their everyday work. While communication is fundamental in deciding how to engage with recipients of care, this article explores how space is significant for care practices. The study examines relations between ‘work knowledge’ and space by drawing on theoretical perspectives from institutional ethnography and Lefebvre’s spatial analysis. This conceptual approach assists in making visible central processes, skills, and knowledge involved in social work practices easily ignored when observing institutional aspects that organize social work practices. The study finds that social workers’ negotiation of how to best provide care is constituted by spatial aspects, as well as how social workers simultaneously engage in transforming space through their practices.
The cingulum: anatomy, connectivity and what goes beyond
Authors: Kollenburg Linda , Arnts Hisse , Green Alexander , Strauss Ido , Vinke Saman , Kurt Erkan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For over half a century, the cingulum has been the subject of neuroanatomical and therapeutic investigations owing to its wide range of functions and involvement in various neurological and psychiatric diseases. Recent clinical studies investigating neurosurgical techniques targeting the cingulum, like deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex and cingulotomy, have further boosted interests in this central ‘hub’ as a target for chronic intractable pain. Proper targeting within the cingulum is essential to achieve sufficient pain relief. Despite the cingulum being the centre of research for over a century, its structural and functional organization remains a subject to debate, consequently complicating neurosurgical targeting of this area. This study aims to review anatomical and connectivity data of the cingulum from a clinical perspective in order to improve understanding of its role in pain. For the current study, a systematic literature search was performed to assess the anatomy and functional and structural connectivity of the cingulate bundle and cortex. These outcomes focus on MRI and PET data. Articles were searched within the PubMed database, and additional articles were found manually through reviews or references cited within the articles. After exclusion, 70 articles remained included in this analysis, with 50, 29 and 10 studies describing human, monkey and rat subjects, respectively. Outcomes of this analysis show the presence of various anatomical models, each describing other subdivisions within the cingulum. Moreover, connectivity data suggest that the cingulate bundle consists of three distinct fibre projections, including the thalamocortical, cingulate gyrus and anterior frontal and posterior parietal projections. Further, the cingulum is responsible for a variety of functions involved in chronic pain, like sensory processing, memory, spatial functioning, reward, cognition, emotion, visceromotor and endocrine control. Based on the current outcomes, it can be concluded that the cingulum is a central ‘hub’ for pain processing, because it is a melting pot for memory, cognition and affect that are involved in the complex phenomenon of pain experience, memory, spatial functioning, reward, cognition, emotion, visceromotor and endocrine control. Variability in anatomical and connectivity models complicate proper and standardized neurosurgical targeting, consequently leading to clinicians often being reluctant on stimulation and/or lesioning of the cingulum. Hence, future research should be dedicated to the standardization of these models, to allow for optimal targeting and management of patients with chronic intractable pain.
Bioactive glycosides: insights into antimalarial advances
Authors: Jamil Siti Nur Hidayah , Salim Emil , Oka Natsuhisa , Lam Su Datt , Feroz Shevin Rizal , Ali Amatul Hamizah , Latip Jalifah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Glycochemistry has broadened the scope of drug discovery by offering new avenues for developing potent and safe medicines. Glycosylation improves physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive compounds, inspiring further exploration of glycosylated drug candidates. This review delves into the significance of carbohydrate-based bioactive compounds with promising antiplasmodial and antimalarial activity for the development of effective antimalarials.
Implementing information security controls: now or later? Delay discounting of losses and gains
Authors: Søgnen Marte Marjorie , Szekeres Adam , Snekkenes Einar Arthur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Delay discounting is a behavioral process, which explains certain peculiarities of human decision-making when choices and their consequences are separated from each other in time. The concept has been used in psychology and behavioral economics to explain how individuals make suboptimal choices with undesirable individual and societal consequences. Existing research shows that individuals can be characterized by several discounting parameters (k) across contexts, capturing the rate at which future gains and losses decrease in value as seen from the present. This present paper investigates how the concept of delay discounting can be utilized to better understand human choices regarding the implementation of information security controls in organizational settings. The study relies on a validated psychometric instrument (MCQ-21) to collect gold-standard k parameters with monetary outcomes. Furthermore, two novel variants are developed to estimate individuals’ k parameters with outcomes specific to the information security context. Within the framework of a nonexperimental correlational research design, an online survey was distributed among the employees ($n = 135$) of three Norwegian organizations. Contrary to expectations, none of the k parameters provided predictive power as predictors of real-world behavior in organizational settings. Nevertheless, the same behaviors were predicted by an attitude-based measure with an accuracy (adjusted $R^2=0.22$), which is observed generally in the literature of behavior prediction using attitudes as predictors. This paper contributes the first results on assessing the effectiveness of delay discounting parameters for behavior prediction within the context of information security.
Pulsed field ablation of a focal atrial tachycardia from the superior vena cava in proximity to the phrenic nerve: a case report
Authors: Tampakis Konstantinos , Papakonstantinou Evangelia-Erasmia , Sykiotis Alexandros , Pastromas Sokratis , Andrikopoulos George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Right phrenic nerve (PN) injury is a major complication of thermal ablation of atrial tachycardias (ATs) originated from the superior vena cava (SVC).

Case summary
We report the case of a 41-year-old female patient admitted for catheter ablation of a frequent paroxysmal AT resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs. Electroanatomical activation map demonstrated a focal origin located at the lateral aspect of the SVC, ∼17 mm above the breakthrough of the sinus node wavefront. Importantly, high-output pacing from this site resulted in PN capture. To avoid PN injury, low-output radiofrequency (RF) ablation, with a power output limited to 20 W, was performed. However, this approach was insufficient to terminate AT. High-power RF applications in proximity to the PN were avoided and pulsed-field ablation (PFA) with a pentaspline catheter was chosen. The catheter was advanced into the SVC to the level of the earliest activation under fluoroscopic guidance and visualization within the mapping system. Two pairs of applications, in basket configuration, were delivered inside the SVC, rendering AT non-inducible while sinus node function was not compromised.

Discussion
Phrenic nerve is vulnerable to injury during ablation within the SVC using thermal ablation modalities. Low-output RF ablation may be safe but less efficient. In contrast, non-thermal approaches such as PFA may be preferable to avoid damage to the collateral tissues as PN. Electroanatomical mapping may be important to avoid lesions in proximity to the sinus node.
Dectin-1 stimulating β-glucans inhibit Chlamydia infections both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kintner Jennifer , Callaghan Morgan , Bulawa Lillith , Chu Angela , Ma Zuchao , Williams David L , Schoborg Robert V , Kruppa Michael D , Hall Jennifer V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans are common inhabitants of the female genital tract. Candida albicans can impact the viability and pathogenesis of some bacteria. Previously, we investigated physical interactions between Ch. trachomatis elementary bodies (EBs) and Ca. albicans. This work indicated that EBs bind to Ca. albicans and become noninfectious by 24 h post-binding. Here, we continue our investigation of these interkingdom, polymicrobial interactions. Candida albicans adheres to bacteria or host surfaces via agglutinin-like sequence or heat shock 70 (Ssa) proteins. Chlamydia trachomatis EBs did not bind Ca. albicans Ssa2 deficient strains as efficiently as wild-type or complemented strains, indicating a role for this protein in chlamydial adherence to Candida. Additionally, Ca. albicans β-glucans inhibit chlamydial infection when exposure occurs during EB adsorption onto cervical cells. Laminarin, a β-glucan agonist of the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1, inhibited chlamydial infection in both cervical epithelial cells and mice when exposure occurred prior to, during, or immediately following EB inoculation. Conversely, a Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin did not inhibit infection in vitro, suggesting that β-glucan inhibition of Ch. trachomatis requires C-type lectin receptor signaling. Overall, our data demonstrate that β-glucans from multiple species, including Ca. albicans, inhibit Chlamydia via stimulation of host-signaling pathways.
Mapping mortality rates in boreal mixedwood forest using airborne laser scanning and permanent plot data
Authors: Riofrío José , Coops Nicholas C , Ashiq Muhammad Waseem , Achim Alexis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurate and spatially explicit predictions of tree mortality are critical for understanding forest dynamics and guiding management practices. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) can cover large spatial areas, allowing the estimation of forest attributes and characterization of forest canopy vertical structure and canopy gaps over various forest environments. This study integrated field measurements from permanent growth and yield plots with ALS-derived attributes to develop zero-inflated beta regression models for estimating basal area mortality rates. Specifically, we combined a set of attributes related to canopy complexity and canopy gaps derived from ALS data to predict and map (20 m pixel resolution) mortality rates over a large boreal mixedwood forest in northern Ontario, Canada. We evaluated how the mortality rates vary depending on stand-level factors, such as stand age and forest type defined by species composition proportions. Our findings demonstrate that canopy gaps and structural attributes significantly predict basal area mortality rates. In particular, we found that higher mortality rates are associated with more complex canopy structures and larger canopy gaps. However, the magnitude varied by species composition. The resulting spatially explicit mortality probability and mortality rate maps showed highly variable predictions across forest types and structural attributes, offering the possibility of analyzing the spatial correlation of mortality occurrence with other variables like soil and climate attributes. The results support using ALS data in Enhanced Forest Inventory systems for more precise and timely interventions in operational silvicultural planning.
Chromosome-Scale Assembly of Capsella orientalis, Maternal Progenitor of Cosmopolitan Allotetraploid C. bursa-pastoris
Authors: Kasianova Alexandra M , Mityukov Vladislav D , German Dmitry A , Kasianov Artem S , Penin Aleksey A , Logacheva Maria D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The genus Capsella serves as a model for understanding speciation, hybridization, and genome evolution in plants. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of Capsella orientalis, the maternal progenitor of a cosmopolitan allotetraploid C. bursa-pastoris. Using nanopore sequencing and data on chromatin contacts (Hi-C), we assembled the genome into eight pseudo-chromosomes with high contiguity, evidenced by a benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) completeness score of 99.3%. Comparative analysis with C. rubella and C. bursa-pastoris revealed overall synteny, except for 2 Mb inversion on chromosome 4 of C. rubella. Comparative genome analysis highlighted the conservation of gene content and structural integrity in the C. orientalis-derived subgenome of C. bursa-pastoris, with the exception of a 1.8 Mb region absent in O subgenome but present in C. orientalis. The genome annotation includes 27,675 protein-coding genes, with most exhibiting one-to-one orthology with Arabidopsis thaliana. Notably, 2,155 genes showed no similarity to A. thaliana ones. These results establish a robust genomic resource for C. orientalis, facilitating future studies on polyploid evolution, gene regulation, and species divergence within Capsella.
Dyadic Associations Between Self-perceptions of Aging and Health Behaviors Among Middle-aged and Older Couples
Authors: Skoblow Hanamori F , Proulx Christine M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Research and theory suggest that older adults’ self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are associated with their health behavior engagement. Likewise, romantic partners often play a key role in shaping each other’s health behaviors. This study aims to explore the longitudinal dyadic associations between SPA and health behaviors among couples in midlife and older adulthood.

Research Design and Methods
Data were drawn from 3,330 couples ages 50-96 (Mmen = 67.22 [9.43]; Mwomen = 65.42 [8.96]) from the Health and Retirement Study, using pooled samples from 2010/2012 to 2012/2014. We estimated actor-partner interdependence models with moderation to assess whether and to what extent a partner’s SPA moderated the links between positive and negative SPA and engagement in preventive and risky health behaviors two years later.

Results
Women’s SPA moderated the association between men’s SPA and men’s risky health behaviors only when women reported extreme levels of negative or positive SPA. In contrast, men’s SPA did not moderate the associations between women’s SPA and women’s health behaviors.

Discussion and Implications
This study’s findings emphasize that links between SPA and health behaviors operate within the broader social environment and in the context of romantic relationships. The results highlight how couples’ perceptions of aging relate to their own and their partners’ health behaviors. This work contributes to the literature on the gendered and social nature of health behaviors and has implications for designing interventions targeting SPA.
El círculo vicioso de la polarización política y las Cortes Constitucionales
Authors: Verdugo Sergio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introduction to the symposium on political polarization and constitutional courts identifies the problem of a vicious circle between a polarized political system trying to encourage judicial battles and a politicized judicial system that invites more polarization, and asks the question of what explains some courts’ resilience (or the lack of it) in the face of the threat of a polarized party system. The introduction also briefly explains each symposium article’s contribution, situating its main conclusions in the context of the larger collective project.
The Turkish Council of State’s Engagement with International Refugee Law in Cases Involving ‘Non-European’ Refugees
Authors: Gürakar Skribeland Özlem 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This article explores the Turkish Council of State’s engagement with core specialized instruments of international refugee law in cases involving ‘non-European’ refugees, the group which falls outside Türkiye’s protection obligations under the 1951 Refugee Convention in accordance with Türkiye’s geographical limitation. Based on the systematic review of more than 110 Council of State judgments referencing different provisions of the Refugee Convention in cases that came before the court between 1998 and 2023, the article shows how this engagement has been a constant for the past three decades, despite being inconsistent in terms of its scope and effect at different times. The engagement is sometimes substantive, with the wording and the spirit of the Refugee Convention deciding the outcome of the case to the benefit of the non-European refugees concerned; at other times, it is self-serving, with the court drawing authority from the Convention to justify Turkish authorities’ restrictive measures or interpretations, as well as their assertion of authority. At yet other times, it evinces a non-substantive and no-cost engagement, referring merely in passing to certain provisions of the Refugee Convention as applicable law. Notwithstanding these inconsistencies, the court’s continued recourse to provisions of the Convention (even though Türkiye is not bound by them vis-à-vis non-European refugees) over time and to different effects suggests that Türkiye’s highest administrative court regards the Refugee Convention as a benchmark or standard to be followed, beyond what is required by Türkiye’s treaty obligations and domestic law.
General rogue wave solutions to the Sasa–Satsuma equation
Authors: Wu Chengfa , Zhang Guangxiong , Shi Changyan , Feng Bao-Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
General rogue wave solutions to the Sasa–Satsuma (SS) equation are constructed by the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili reduction method. These solutions are presented in terms of Schur polynomials, utilizing a new approach that incorporates a kernel of $2\times 2$ matrix in the Gram-type determinant solutions of the bilinear equations within the KP hierarchy. In addition, rogue wave patterns are graphically illustrated, revealing that the rogue wave patterns of the SS equation are structurally similar to those of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation for rogue waves up to fifth-order.