bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equatorial Pacific Sea‐Air CO2 Exchange Modulated by Upper Ocean Circulation During the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Jian Zhimin , Yu Jimin , Wang Yue , Dang Haowen , Dai Minhan , Li Chen , Ji Xuan , Wang Xingxing , Chen Yue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) is a source of atmospheric CO2 during the last deglaciation, but the associated oceanic dynamics in the broader low‐latitude Pacific is not fully understood. Here, we report 30,000‐year‐long surface and subsurface pCO2 records for the western equatorial Pacific (WEP), based on boron isotopes in two planktonic foraminiferal species from core MD10‐3340. Our results show that the WEP surface became a significant atmospheric CO2 sink despite that its subsurface waters were enriched by CO2 during the last deglaciation to early Holocene. Combined with EEP proxy data and model results, we suggest that a deglacial‐early Holocene zonal seesaw of sea‐air CO2 exchange across the equatorial Pacific led to a net CO2 outgassing much greater than the modern situation. This can be ascribed to strengthened Subtropical‐Tropical Circulation, resulting in stronger upper ocean stratification in the WEP concurrent with enhanced upwelling of CO2‐rich subsurface waters in the EEP.
Large Divergence of Satellite Monitoring of Diffuse Radiation Effect on Ecosystem Water‐Use Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyang , Fan Meng , Tao Minghui , Tan Yunhui , Wang Quan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater‐use efficiency (WUE), defined as the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), is a key indicator of the coupling of carbon and water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Diffuse radiation significantly affects WUE as diffuse radiation has stronger fertilization effects on GPP than ET. Remote sensing data‐driven (RS) models were widely used to estimate WUE. However, the performance of RS models in simulating diffuse radiation effect on WUE is poorly understood. We used GPP and ET products from MODIS, PML, BESS, and GLASS to explore the response of WUE to diffuse radiation across different vegetation types. We found that there was a large divergence among the RS models in estimating the response of WUE to FDP. PML model performed better than other RS models in simulating diffuse radiation effect on WUE. This research has significant implications for improving model simulations and understanding global carbon and water cycles.
High‐Precision and Fast Prediction of Regional Wind Fields in Near Space Using Neural‐Network Approximation of Operators
Authors: Chen Biao , Sheng Zheng , He Yang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFine modeling and fast prediction of regional wind field in the middle and upper atmosphere has always been a difficult problem. We designed a neural operator method to solve this problem. We combine the idea of data assimilation with deep learning method to design a regional wind field operator suitable for near space. The annual Root mean square error of the zonal wind and meridional wind of the operator model at the height of 30 km are 0.903 and 0.881, respectively, which is three times that of ConvLSTM. Moreover, we validate the sparse spatio‐temporal modeling method of regional wind field operator at 20/30/40/50 km altitude. The result shows that the model is mesh‐free, and can get high‐precision modeling of different spatio‐temporal resolutions, multiple regions and arbitrary positions at one time, which lays an foundation for fine regional modeling and rapid utilization of near space.
Unique Combinations of Differently Shaped Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Occurring Within a Small Longitude Range
Authors: Karan Deepak Kumar , Eastes Richard W. , Martinis Carlos R. , Daniell Robert E. , Solomon Stanley C. , McClintock William E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOn 12 October 2020 and 26 December 2021, NASA's Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed differently shaped equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) simultaneously within ∼10° longitude, near the subsatellite point and over the Atlantic, respectively which is unusual. On 12 October 2020, three EPBs with differing curvatures were observed in a ∼12° longitude sector. The westside EPB was curved toward the east, in a C‐shape. The middle was straight. The eastside EPB was curved westward, in a reversed C‐shape. In the second case, 26 December 2021, in a smaller longitude range of ∼6° adjacent C‐shaped and reversed C‐shaped EPBs were observed. EPBs' zonal drift velocities at the magnetic equator and both equatorial ionization anomaly crests were compared. These occurrences of oppositely shaped EPBs simultaneously in a narrow longitude may indicate that small‐scale longitudinal variations in the E‐region density, electric field, neutral wind variations, or a combination of them were present.
Observations and Modeling of Gaseous Nitrated Phenols in Urban Beijing: Insights From Seasonal Comparison and Budget Analysis
Authors: Xia Men , Chen Xin , Ma Wei , Guo Yishuo , Yin Rujing , Zhan Junlei , Zhang Yusheng , Wang Zongcheng , Zheng Feixue , Xie Jiali , Wang Yuzheng , Hua Chenjie , Liu Yongchun , Yan Chao , Kulmala Markku 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNitrated phenols (NPs) are critical components of brown carbon with climate effects and threaten human health and ecosystems. Early studies mainly focus on particulate NPs, while the sources and impacts of gas‐phase NPs remain less known. This study observed 17 kinds of gaseous NPs in urban Beijing during winter and summer by nitrate‐based long‐time‐of‐flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (NO3−‐LToF‐CIMS). NPs have an apparent seasonal variation and various diurnal patterns among different species. Source apportionment indicates that secondary productions are the major sources of NPs, besides minor contributions from coal burning and regional industrial emissions. As shown by the observation and box modeling, NO3‐initiated nocturnal oxidation and OH‐driven photochemistry are the secondary sources of NPs. In both seasons, photolysis constitutes the dominating removal pathway of NPs. We determined the observation‐constrained photolysis frequency of typical NPs (i.e., C6H5NO3, C7H7NO3, C6H4N2O5, and C7H6N2O5), ranging from 1.75% to 7.5% of jNO2. Budget analysis reveals that benzaldehyde produced by styrene oxidation is a critical but overlooked precursor of C6H5NO3, and xylene is an essential precursor for C7H7NO3. Modeling results further show that the photolysis of total NPs produces significant amounts of HONO in summer, making noticeable contributions to atmospheric oxidation capacity. This study contributes to a better understanding of the budget of gaseous NPs in the urban atmosphere and provides insights into mitigating NPs‐induced secondary pollution.
Modeling gut neuro-epithelial connections in a novel microfluidic device
Authors: de Hoyos-Vega Jose M. , Yu Xi , Gonzalez-Suarez Alan M. , Chen Sisi , Mercado-Perez Arnaldo , Krueger Eugene , Hernandez Jeric , Fedyshyn Yaroslav , Druliner Brooke R. , Linden David R. , Beyder Arthur , Revzin Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe intestinal lumen is filled with diverse chemical and physical stimuli. Intestinal epithelial cells sense these stimuli and signal to enteric neurons which coordinate a range of physiologic processes required for normal digestive tract function. Yet, the neuro-epithelial connections remain poorly resolved, in part because the tools for orchestrating interactions between these cellular compartments are lacking. We describe the development of a two-compartment microfluidic device for co-culturing enteric neurons with intestinal epithelial cells. The device contains epithelial and neuronal compartments connected by microgrooves. The epithelial compartment was designed for cell seeding via injection and confinement of intestinal epithelial cells derived from human intestinal organoids. We demonstrated that organoids planarized effectively and retained epithelial phenotype for over a week. In the second chamber we dissociated and cultured intestinal myenteric neurons including intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) from transgenic mice that expressed the fluorescent protein tdTomato. IPANs extended projections into microgrooves, surrounded and frequently made contacts with epithelial cells. The density and directionality of neuronal projections were enhanced by the presence of epithelial cells in the adjacent compartment. Our microfluidic device represents a platform that may, in the future, be used to dissect structure and function of neuro-epithelial connections in the gut and other organs (skin, lung, bladder, and others) in health and disease.
The hippocampal FTO-BDNF-TrkB pathway is required for novel object recognition memory reconsolidation in mice
Authors: Chang Rui , Zhu Shanshan , Peng Jionghong , Lang Zhenyi , Zhou Xinyu , Liao Hailin , Zou Ju , Zeng Peng , Tan Sijie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMemory reconsolidation refers to the process by which the consolidated memory was restored after reactivation (RA). Memory trace becomes labile after reactivation and inhibition of memory reconsolidation may disrupt or update the original memory trace, which provided a new strategy for the treatment of several psychiatric diseases, such as drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is a novel demethylase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and it has been intensively involved in learning and memory. However, the role of FTO in memory reconsolidation has not been determined. In the present study, the function of FTO in memory reconsolidation was investigated in the novel object recognition (NOR) model in mice. The results showed that RA of NOR memory increased hippocampal FTO expression in a time-dependent manner, while FTO inhibitor meclofenamic acid (MA) injected immediately, but not 6 h after RA disrupted NOR memory reconsolidation. MA downregulated BDNF expression during NOR memory reconsolidation in the hippocampus, while the TrkB agonist 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) reversed the disruptive effects of MA on NOR memory reconsolidation. Furthermore, overexpression of FTO increased BDNF expression via decreasing mRNA m6A in HT22 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that FTO may up-regulate the BDNF-TrkB pathway to promote NOR memory reconsolidation through m6A modification.
Schnurri-3 drives tumor growth and invasion in cancer cells expressing interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2
Authors: Bartolomé Rubén A. , Martín-Regalado Ángela , Pintado-Berninches Laura , Robles Javier , Ramírez-González Mª Ángeles , Boukich Issam , Sanchez-Gómez Pilar , Balyasnikova Irina V. , Casal J. Ignacio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInterleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2) is a relevant therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors associated with tumor growth and invasion. In a previous study, we demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key mediator of the IL-13/IL13Rα2 signaling pathway. PTP1B regulates cancer cell invasion through Src activation. However, PTP1B/Src downstream signaling mechanisms that modulate the invasion process remain unclear. In the present research, we have characterized the PTP1B interactome and the PTP1B-associated phosphoproteome after IL-13 treatment, in different cellular contexts, using proteomic strategies. PTP1B was associated with proteins involved in signal transduction, vesicle transport, and with multiple proteins from the NF-κB signaling pathway, including Tenascin-C (TNC). PTP1B participated with NF-κB in TNC-mediated proliferation and invasion. Analysis of the phosphorylation patterns obtained after PTP1B activation with IL-13 showed increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor Schnurri-3 (SHN3), a reported competitor of NF-κB. SHN3 silencing caused a potent inhibition in cell invasion and proliferation, associated with a down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, an extensive decline of MMP9 expression and the subsequent inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models. Regarding clinical value, high expression of SHN3 was associated with poor survival in GBM, showing a significant correlation with the classical and mesenchymal subtypes. In CRC, SHN3 expression showed a preferential association with the mesenchymal subtypes CMS4 and CRIS-B. Moreover, SHN3 expression strongly correlated with IL13Rα2 and MMP9-associated poor prognosis in different cancers. In conclusion, we have uncovered the participation of SNH3 in the IL-13/IL13Rα2/PTP1B pathway to promote tumor growth and invasion. These findings support a potential therapeutic value for SHN3.
The interplay of drug therapeutics and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fumagalli Valeria , Iannacone Matteo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has necessitated rapid therapeutic and preventative responses. While vaccines form the frontline of defense, antiviral treatments such as nirmatrelvir have emerged as vital adjunctive measures, particularly for those unable or unwilling to be vaccinated. This review delves into the potential influence of nirmatrelvir on enduring immunity. In parallel, the potential of drug repurposing is explored, with bisphosphonates being examined for their possible effects against COVID-19 due to their immunomodulatory properties. The importance of rigorous clinical trials and careful interpretation of preliminary data is emphasized.
Mechanical loading and hyperosmolarity as a daily resetting cue for skeletal circadian clocks
Authors: Dudek Michal , Pathiranage Dharshika R. J. , Bano-Otalora Beatriz , Paszek Anna , Rogers Natalie , Gonçalves Cátia F. , Lawless Craig , Wang Dong , Luo Zhuojing , Yang Liu , Guilak Farshid , Hoyland Judith A. , Meng Qing-Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDaily rhythms in mammalian behaviour and physiology are generated by a multi-oscillator circadian system entrained through environmental cues (e.g. light and feeding). The presence of tissue niche-dependent physiological time cues has been proposed, allowing tissues the ability of circadian phase adjustment based on local signals. However, to date, such stimuli have remained elusive. Here we show that daily patterns of mechanical loading and associated osmotic challenge within physiological ranges reset circadian clock phase and amplitude in cartilage and intervertebral disc tissues in vivo and in tissue explant cultures. Hyperosmolarity (but not hypo-osmolarity) resets clocks in young and ageing skeletal tissues and induce genome-wide expression of rhythmic genes in cells. Mechanistically, RNAseq and biochemical analysis revealed the PLD2-mTORC2-AKT-GSK3β axis as a convergent pathway for both in vivo loading and hyperosmolarity-induced clock changes. These results reveal diurnal patterns of mechanical loading and consequent daily oscillations in osmolarity as a bona fide tissue niche-specific time cue to maintain skeletal circadian rhythms in sync.
Bulk-local-density-of-state correspondence in topological insulators
Authors: Xie Biye , Huang Renwen , Jia Shiyin , Lin Zemeng , Hu Junzheng , Jiang Yao , Ma Shaojie , Zhan Peng , Lu Minghui , Wang Zhenlin , Chen Yanfeng , Zhang Shuang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the quest to connect bulk topological quantum numbers to measurable parameters in real materials, current established approaches often necessitate specific conditions, limiting their applicability. Here we propose and demonstrate an approach to link the non-trivial hierarchical bulk topology to the multidimensional partition of local density of states (LDOS), denoted as the bulk-LDOS correspondence. In finite-size topologically nontrivial photonic crystals, we observe the LDOS partitioned into three distinct regions: a two-dimensional interior bulk area, a one-dimensional edge region, and zero-dimensional corner sites. Contrarily, topologically trivial cases exhibit uniform LDOS distribution across the entire two-dimensional bulk area. Our findings provide a general framework for distinguishing topological insulators and uncovering novel aspects of topological directional band-gap materials, even in the absence of in-gap states.
Evidence of an upper ionospheric electric field perturbation correlated with a gamma ray burst
Authors: Piersanti Mirko , Ubertini Pietro , Battiston Roberto , Bazzano Angela , D’Angelo Giulia , Rodi James G. , Diego Piero , Zeren Zhima , Ammendola Roberto , Badoni Davide , Bartocci Simona , Beolè Stefania , Bertello Igor , Burger William J. , Campana Donatella , Cicone Antonio , Cipollone Piero , Coli Silvia , Conti Livio , Contin Andrea , Cristoforetti Marco , De Angelis Fabrizio , De Donato Cinzia , De Santis Cristian , Di Luca Andrea , Fiorenza Emiliano , Follega Francesco Maria , Gebbia Giuseppe , Iuppa Roberto , Lega Alessandro , Lolli Mauro , Martino Bruno , Martucci Matteo , Masciantonio Giuseppe , Mergè Matteo , Mese Marco , Morbidini Alfredo , Neubüser Coralie , Nozzoli Francesco , Nuccilli Fabrizio , Oliva Alberto , Osteria Giuseppe , Palma Francesco , Palmonari Federico , Panico Beatrice , Papini Emanuele , Parmentier Alexandra , Perciballi Stefania , Perfetto Francesco , Perinelli Alessio , Picozza Piergiorgio , Pozzato Michele , Rebustini Gianmaria , Recchiuti Dario , Ricci Ester , Ricci Marco , Ricciarini Sergio B. , Russi Andrea , Sahnoun Zuleika , Savino Umberto , Scotti Valentina , Shen Xuhui , Sotgiu Alessandro , Sparvoli Roberta , Tofani Silvia , Vertolli Nello , Vilona Veronica , Vitale Vincenzo , Zannoni Ugo , Zoffoli Simona , Zuccon Paolo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEarth’s atmosphere, whose ionization stability plays a fundamental role for the evolution and endurance of life, is exposed to the effect of cosmic explosions producing high energy Gamma-ray-bursts. Being able to abruptly increase the atmospheric ionization, they might deplete stratospheric ozone on a global scale. During the last decades, an average of more than one Gamma-ray-burst per day were recorded. Nevertheless, measurable effects on the ionosphere were rarely observed, in any case on its bottom-side (from about 60 km up to about 350 km of altitude). Here, we report evidence of an intense top-side (about 500 km) ionospheric perturbation induced by significant sudden ionospheric disturbance, and a large variation of the ionospheric electric field at 500 km, which are both correlated with the October 9, 2022 Gamma-ray-burst (GRB221009A).
A robotic sensory system with high spatiotemporal resolution for texture recognition
Authors: Bai Ningning , Xue Yiheng , Chen Shuiqing , Shi Lin , Shi Junli , Zhang Yuan , Hou Xingyu , Cheng Yu , Huang Kaixi , Wang Weidong , Zhang Jin , Liu Yuan , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumans can gently slide a finger on the surface of an object and identify it by capturing both static pressure and high-frequency vibrations. Although modern robots integrated with flexible sensors can precisely detect pressure, shear force, and strain, they still perform insufficiently or require multi-sensors to respond to both static and high-frequency physical stimuli during the interaction. Here, we report a real-time artificial sensory system for high-accuracy texture recognition based on a single iontronic slip-sensor, and propose a criterion—spatiotemporal resolution, to corelate the sensing performance with recognition capability. The sensor can respond to both static and dynamic stimuli (0-400 Hz) with a high spatial resolution of 15 μm in spacing and 6 μm in height, together with a high-frequency resolution of 0.02 Hz at 400 Hz, enabling high-precision discrimination of fine surface features. The sensory system integrated on a prosthetic fingertip can identify 20 different commercial textiles with a 100.0% accuracy at a fixed sliding rate and a 98.9% accuracy at random sliding rates. The sensory system is expected to help achieve subtle tactile sensation for robotics and prosthetics, and further be applied to haptic-based virtual reality and beyond.
Targeted suppression of mTORC2 reduces seizures across models of epilepsy
Authors: Okoh James , Mays Jacqunae , Bacq Alexandre , Oses-Prieto Juan A. , Tyanova Stefka , Chen Chien-Ju , Imanbeyev Khalel , Doladilhe Marion , Zhou Hongyi , Jafar-Nejad Paymaan , Burlingame Alma , Noebels Jeffrey , Baulac Stephanie , Costa-Mattioli Mauro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder that poses a major threat to public health. Hyperactivation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is believed to lead to abnormal network rhythmicity associated with epilepsy, and its inhibition is proposed to provide some therapeutic benefit. However, mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) is also activated in the epileptic brain, and little is known about its role in seizures. Here we discover that genetic deletion of mTORC2 from forebrain neurons is protective against kainic acid-induced behavioral and EEG seizures. Furthermore, inhibition of mTORC2 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide robustly suppresses seizures in several pharmacological and genetic mouse models of epilepsy. Finally, we identify a target of mTORC2, Nav1.2, which has been implicated in epilepsy and neuronal excitability. Our findings, which are generalizable to several models of human seizures, raise the possibility that inhibition of mTORC2 may serve as a broader therapeutic strategy against epilepsy.
Clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes are linked to a limited set of taxa within gut microbiome worldwide
Authors: Diebold Peter J. , Rhee Matthew W. , Shi Qiaojuan , Trung Nguyen Vinh , Umrani Fayaz , Ahmed Sheraz , Kulkarni Vandana , Deshpande Prasad , Alexander Mallika , Thi Hoa Ngo , Christakis Nicholas A. , Iqbal Najeeha Talat , Ali Syed Asad , Mathad Jyoti S. , Brito Ilana L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes has rendered important pathogens nearly or fully unresponsive to antibiotics. It has been suggested that pathogens acquire AR traits from the gut microbiota, which collectively serve as a global reservoir for AR genes conferring resistance to all classes of antibiotics. However, only a subset of AR genes confers resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, and, although these AR gene profiles are well-characterized for common pathogens, less is known about their taxonomic associations and transfer potential within diverse members of the gut microbiota. We examined a collection of 14,850 human metagenomes and 1666 environmental metagenomes from 33 countries, in addition to nearly 600,000 isolate genomes, to gain insight into the global prevalence and taxonomic range of clinically relevant AR genes. We find that several of the most concerning AR genes, such as those encoding the cephalosporinase CTX-M and carbapenemases KPC, IMP, NDM, and VIM, remain taxonomically restricted to Proteobacteria. Even cfiA, the most common carbapenemase gene within the human gut microbiome, remains tightly restricted to Bacteroides, despite being found on a mobilizable plasmid. We confirmed these findings in gut microbiome samples from India, Honduras, Pakistan, and Vietnam, using a high-sensitivity single-cell fusion PCR approach. Focusing on a set of genes encoding carbapenemases and cephalosporinases, thus far restricted to Bacteroides species, we find that few mutations are required for efficacy in a different phylum, raising the question of why these genes have not spread more widely. Overall, these data suggest that globally prevalent, clinically relevant AR genes have not yet established themselves across diverse commensal gut microbiota.