bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle Size Distribution (Texture) of Eroded Soil Material
Authors: Basic F. , Kisic I. , Nestroy O. , Mesic M. , Butorac A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe total quantity of erosional drift on a Stagnic Luvisol on which six tillage methods were used was measured over 5 years of investigation. The texture of the tilled soil and the erosional drift for each trial method was recorded in the same plots. The results obtained suggested that erosional drift was generally richer in silt and clay particles. The standard deviations of coarse sand indicated that approximately the same quantity of coarse sand was found in plot soil and in erosional drift for all tillage methods. Sometimes more and sometimes fewer fine sand particles were found in erosional drift than in plot soil. In most cases, more silt particles were found in erosional drift than in plot soil. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation for clay and silt were higher in erosional drift than in plot soil for all methods. The highest content of clay particles was recorded in erosional drift from the no‐tillage treatment in all investigation years. The results suggest that the correct choice of tillage method (no‐tillage and ploughing across the slope) on a Stagnic Luvisol can protect the soil on a slope.
Response of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) to Plant Density, Sowing Date, Phosphorus Fertilization and Ethephon Application in the Absence of Moisture Stress
Authors: Turk M. A. , Tawaha A. M. , El‐Shatnawi M. K. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLentil (Lenus culinaris Medik) is a major grain legume crop in many developing countries in West Asia, North Africa and many other areas of the world. The effects of sowing date (1 January, 15 January and 2 February), plant density (80, 100 and 120 plants m−2), phosphorus level (0, 17.5, 35.0 and 52.5 kg P ha−1) and ethephon application [(1500 p.p.m. ethephon (2‐chloroethel phosphonic acid) applied 30 days after sowing] were investigated in the semiarid region in the north of Jordan. High yields were obtained for early sowing (1 January), high plant density (120 plants m−2), and high phosphorus application rate (52.5 kg P ha−1). Yield and yield components were not affected by ethephon application 30 days after sowing.
A male bovine linkage map for the ADR granddaughter design
Authors: Thomsen H. , Reinsch N. , Xu N. , Looft C. , Grupe S. , Kühn C. , Brockmann G. A. , Schwerin M. , Leyhe‐Horn B. , Hiendleder S. , Erhardt G. , Medjugorac I. , Russ I. , Förster M. , Brenig B. , Reinhardt F. , Reents R. , Blümel J. , Averdunk G. , Kalm E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present the construction of a male genetic linkage map as a result of the bovine genome mapping project, which is a common effort of the German cattle breeding federation (ADR), four animal breeding institutes, three blood group laboratories and two animal data and breeding value evaluation centres. In total 20 grandsires with 1074 sires were provided from the German cattle population as reference families, 16 of these paternal half‐sib groups are German Holstein families (DH), three are German Simmental (ST) families, and one is a Brown Swiss family (BS). Of 265 markers included in the linkage map, 248 were microsatellite markers, five were bovine blood group systems, eight SSCP markers and four proteins and enzymes. More than 239 000 genotypes resulted from typing the offspring for the respective markers and these were used for the construction of the map. On average 478 informative meioses were provided from each marker of the map. The summarized map length over all chromosomes was 3135.1 cM with an average interval size of 13.34 cM. About 17, 35.7 and 79.1% of the map intervals showed a maximum genetic distance between the adjacent markers of 5, 10 and 20 cM, respectively. The number of loci ranged from two (pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosome, BTAY) to 15 (BTA23) with an average of 8.8 markers per chromosome. Comparing the length of the chromosomes shows variation from 49.6 cM for BTA26 to 190.5 cM for BTA1 with a mean of 107.7 cM for all autosomes of the genetic linkage map. It was possible to identify chromosomal discrepancies in locus order and map intervals by comparison with other published maps. The map provided sufficient marker density to serve as a useful tool for a scan of segregating quantitative trait loci.
Gene action and heterosis in lifetime traits of Friesian × Sahiwal crosses
Authors: Sharma B. S. , Prabhakaran V. T. , Pirchner F. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryGene action and heterosis in seven lifetime traits of Holstein‐Friesian × Sahiwal crosses was studied by fitting genetic additive—dominance and Dickerson, Sheridan models. The additive—dominance model is found adequate for all the traits except ‘average milk yield per day of total productive life’. The heterosis measured from mid‐parent varied from 15% in ‘total life’ to 108% in ‘milk yield from all available lactations’. Heterosis measured from superior parent ranged from 6% in ‘total milk yield of first three lactations’ to 75% in ‘milk yield from all available lactations’. The larger heterosis observed in some of the lifetime traits is attributed as the direct consequence of longer productive life in F1s compared to parental breeds. On the basis of the predicted performance of some of the nonavailable grades like 2/3 exotic, creation of synthetics is mooted.
Evidence of a specific dietary selection for lysine by the piglet
Authors: Kirchgessner M. , Stangl G. I. , Roth F. X. 
Published: March 2003

The ability of animals to appropriate sources of food and select among them to obtain a nutritionally adequate diet that is best suited for their physiologic status has been examined in numerous species, but considerable research has addressed self‐selection trials with chicks. Observations on diet preference have led to the assumption that birds have an innate ability to regulate their intake of macro‐ and micronutrients, and that they can do so with a considerable degree of precision (e.g. Holcombe et al. 1975, 1976; Elkin et al. 1985; Harper and Peters 1989; Emmerson et al. 1991; Steinruck et al. 1991a,b; Steinruck and Kirchgessner 1993a,b,c; Shariatmadari and Forbes 1993; Forbes and Shariatmadari 1994, 1996). Experimental evidence also shows that domesticated pigs which are offered a choice between two diets will select a diet containing an adequate amount of protein in preference to one that is deficient in protein, or will select specific proteins among various protein sources (Robinson 1974; Kyriazakis et al. 1990; Kyriazakis and Emmans 1992, 1993; Bradford and Gous 1992; Roberts and Azain 1997). The characteristic amount of a specific protein selected by the animals appeared to be related to the quality of the protein source. This was obvious from a few amino acid selection studies showing that growing‐finishing pigs have the ability to select preferentially amino acid‐adequate diets over amino acid‐deficient diets within a few days (Devilat et al. 1970; Robinson 1975a,b; Davey 1978; Henry 1987, 1993). In contrast, there are also some exceptions to the hypothesis that selection of diet is related to the nutritional quality of the protein fed (Ashley and Anderson 1975). However, some of those studies are not conclusive due to changes in preferences by the animals over time and differences in protein source, palatability and amino acid pattern between the test diets.Since, an investigation of a self‐selection behaviour by piglets has rarely been studied in detail, the purpose of this research was to determine whether piglets that are given a choice of diets with high or low lysine contents can regulate the intake of each to optimize lysine intake and performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the preference of piglets for diets varying in lysine content and to determine whether the preferences for these diets change with time. This indispensable amino acid was selected for study because it is first limiting in conventional diets for growing pigs.
Hydrolysis of phytic acid by intrinsic plant and supplemented microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) in the stomach and small intestine of minipigs fitted with re‐entrant cannulas
Authors: Rapp C. , Lantzsch H.‐J. , Drochner W. 
Published: March 2003

Hydrolysis of phytate in the stomach and the small intestine as influenced by intrinsic plant (wheat) and supplemented microbial phytase (A. niger) were investigated with six minipigs (40–50 kg initial BW) fitted with re‐entrant cannulas in the duodenum, 30 cm posterior to the pylorus (animals 1, 4, 5, and 6) and ileocecal re‐entrant cannulas, 5 cm prior the ileocecal junction (animals 1, 2, and 3), respectively. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) diet 1, a corn‐based diet (43 U phytase/kg DM); (2) diet 2, diet 1 supplemented with microbial phytase (818 U/kg DM) and (3) diet 3, a wheat‐based diet (1192 U/kg DM). At 0730 and 1930 per animal 350 g diet mixed with 1050 ml de‐ionized water were fed. Digesta were collected continuously and completely during 12 h after feeding.In the duodenal digesta, 70% of the microbial phytase (diet 2) and 45% of the wheat phytase (diet 3) were recovered within 12 h after ingestion of the phytases, whereas only negligible amounts were detected in the digesta of pigs fed the phytase‐poor corn‐based diet 1. Most phytase activity passed through the stomach within the first hour after feeding.Microbial phytase activity at pH 2.8 was less sensitive to acidic pHs, such as those found in the stomach, than phytase activity at pH 5.3.Phytase activities in the digesta of the distal ileum did not depend either on source or amount of dietary phytase activity.
Differentiation Among Bean Leafroll Virus Susceptible and Resistant Lentil and Faba Bean Genotypes on the Basis of Virus Movement and Multiplication
Authors: Kumari S. G. , Makkouk K. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSystemic movement of Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) in susceptible and resistant lentil and faba bean genotypes was studied using plants grown in a plastic house. All the plants studied were inoculated with BLRV by viruliferous pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Five plants/genotype of lentil and faba bean were harvested, respectively, at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after inoculation. Each plant was split into growing point, stem, stem base and root, and each was tested using tissue blot immunoassays (TBIA). Virus concentration in each section was estimated using a 0–3 score and a relative TBIA value was estimated accordingly for each genotype. In susceptible lentil genotypes (ILL 8063 and ILL 2581), BLRV was present in low concentrations in the growing point 3 days after inoculation and in high concentrations in all parts of the plant after 6 days. By contrast, the virus was not detected in the highly resistant genotype (ILL 74) until 18 days after inoculation. In the faba bean genotypes studied, BLRV was detected in high concentrations in all parts of the highly susceptible genotype (Fiord) 1 week after inoculation but only after 3 weeks in resistant genotypes (e.g. BPL 5274), but was not detected in the highly resistant genotypes (BPL 5278 and BPL 5279) 5 weeks after inoculation. The replication and systemic movement of BLRV was thus slower in resistant genotypes than in susceptible genotypes. Moreover, the use of TBIA scores clearly and easily differentiated resistant and susceptible genotypes. Our results suggest that BLRV movement and multiplication can be useful criteria when differentiating resistant from susceptible genotypes. In addition, undertaking the preliminary screening in a plastic house requires less space than direct planting in the field.
Evaluation of Techniques for the Enumeration of Dicrocoelium Eggs in Sheep Faeces
Authors: Rehbein S. , Kokott S. , Lindner T. 
Published: March 2003

To evaluate the accuracy of quantitative techniques for the enumeration of Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in faeces, eggs were added to fluke free sheep faeces to achieve densities of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 eggs per gram (epg) (5 replicates per density). The faecal egg counts were determined by a modified McMaster method (Wetzel, 1951) utilizing solutions of ZnSO4 (sp. g. 1.3 and 1.45), K2CO3 (sp. g. 1.45) and HgI2/KI (sp. g. 1.44) for flotation or by a sedimentation technique (4 sedimentation processes of 45 min each). The influence of flotation time on egg counts was assessed by counting the eggs 3–5, 15–20, 30–35, 45–50 and 60–65 min after loading the McMaster chamber. The results were expressed as percentage rate of recovery.Significant best rate of recovery, 91.2 ± 9.4 %, was achieved using HgI2/KI solution for flotation and there was no significant influence of flotation time on the egg count. Utilizing ZnSO4 solutions and K2CO3 solution for flotation the rates of recovery for Dicrocoelium eggs were 9.0 ± 7.1 %, 26.7 ± 24.9 % and 13.0 ± 11.6 %, respectively, and a flotation time of more than 3–5 min did significantly increase the number of floated eggs. The rate of recovery for Dicrocoelium eggs using the sedimentation technique was 41.2 ± 1.5 %.
Pharmaco‐Toxicological Mode of Action of Antimicrobial5‐Nitroimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Schmid A. , Schmid H. 
Published: March 2003

5‐Nitroimidazole derivatives are used as therapeutic agents against anaerobic microorganisms which are pathogenic to man and animals.The antimicrobial mode of action of these compounds is due to the metabolic reduction of the nitro group by microbial metabolism.By analogy, a reduction of the 5‐nitro group in the aerobic animal metabolism is commonly assumed. This assumption is doubtful in its general form, and a more differentiated view is presented.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Studies on Cetaceans Found Stranded on the Coast of Italy between 1990 and 1997
Authors: Cornaglia E. , Rebora L. , Gili C. , Di Guardo G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryDetailed histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out on 24 cetaceans, 17 of which were striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), four bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and three Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), all found stranded on the Italian coast between 1990 and 1997. The most frequently detected lesions were chronic pneumonia (73.7 % of the examined lungs), focal chronic pancreatitis (71.4 %), non‐purulent encephalitis (50 %), chronic hepatitis (42.1 %), and chronic focal interstitial nephritis (31.2 %). The skin and the subcutaneous panniculus were often (33.3 %) affected by parasitic diseases (Phyllobothrium delphini and Pennella sp.). An appreciable percentage of animals showed lymphoid depletion in their lymphatic organs (47.2 %), as well as a high rate of parasitic infestations in their alimentary tracts (25 %).
Course of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Insulin‐like Growth Factor I (IGF‐I) in Mammary Secretions of the Goat during End‐Pregnancy and Early Lactation
Authors: Dehnhard M. , Claus R. , Munz O. , Weiler U. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a crucial role in mammogenesis in many species. In ruminants, studies are limited, as EGF does not occur in peripheral plasma and specific analytical systems do not exist. Therefore a heterologous radioimmunoassay based on rhEGF was set up to monitor EGF in mammary gland secretions from goats during end‐pregnancy and early lactation. IGF‐I was measured with an established radioimmunoassay. Samples were collected from 13 goats for 25 days ante‐partum and 25 days post‐partum. Mammary gland secretions were obtained ante‐partum by removing a small amount of the udder secretions (control half) or milking (stimulated half). Post‐partum normal milk samples were collected. Blood samples were drawn by jugular venipuncture for the same period. EGF was found to occur in different molecular weight forms in the mammary glands. For routine measurements these proteins were extracted with acetone and not further separated. IGF‐I and EGF concentrations in mammary secretions and similarly IGF‐I in blood were high ante‐partum and decreased slightly towards birth. IGF‐I but not EGF is found in the peripheral plasma. Whereas IGF‐I concentrations in blood were quite constant post‐partum, IGF‐I and EGF dropped in mammary secretions close to the detection limits. The decrease was more pronounced in the stimulated half than in the control half. The data support a synergistic role for EGF and IGF‐I for mammogenesis. Both factors are further influenced by the milking stimulus and thus the functional state of the udder.
A Retrospective Study of the Incidence and Prognostic Factors of Multicentric Lymphoma in Dogs (1998–2000)
Authors: JAGIELSKI D. , LECHOWSKI R. , HOFFMANN‐JAGIELSKA M. , WINIARCZYK S. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySixty‐three dogs with multicentric lymphoma were evaluated for risk of diseases. The greatest risk of disease concerned rottweilers as compared to other breeds (odds ratio 6.01 to 0.32–2.75, respectively). A group of 43 dogs under chemotherapy was evaluated for defining factors influencing first remission time duration and survival time. The most important factors for results of chemotherapy were response to therapy, stage and sub‐stage of disease according the World Health Organization staging system at the time of diagnosis.
Lectin Histochemical Study of Lipopigments Present in the Cerebellum of Solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum Intoxicated Cattle
Authors: Paulovich F. B. , Portiansky E. L. , Gimeno E. J. , Schild A. L. , Méndez M. del C. , Riet‐Correa F. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the pattern of lectin binding in the cerebellum of calves poisoned with Solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum. For the experimental reproduction of the illness, S. fastigiatum var. fastigiatum was collected from farms where the intoxication occurs. The dried ground plant was administered to two 1‐year‐old cattle by a ruminal cannula. The animals received 5 g/kg b.w. daily, 5 days a week, during periods of 107 and 140 days. After these periods the animals were bled to death. For the histological study, transverse sections of the cerebellum were used. Paraffin‐embedded sections were incubated with the following biotinylated lectins with different specificity: Concanavalia ensiformis (Con‐A), Glycine max (SBA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), Ulex europeus‐I (UEA‐I), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), succynyl‐WGA (sWGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Ricinus communis‐I (RCA‐I) and Bandeirea simplicifolia‐I (BS‐I). Avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex was applied as a detection system. Purkinje cells showed vacuolation in the pericaryon. The stored material present in the cells reacted strongly with the following lectins: Con‐A, sWGA, WGA and RCA‐I. An irregular affinity was observed with PNA and DBA. The lectin‐binding pattern was compatible with a glycolipid storage disease.
Reference Values for the Bone Marrow Aspirates in Adult Dogs
Authors: Mischke R. , Busse L. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryReference ranges for each cell type and six different ratios (M : E ratio = quotient of number of myeloid cells/erythroid precursors; different maturation ratios) were calculated for bone marrow aspirates of adult dogs. These values were based on 2.5 and 97.5% percentiles of differentials of 1000 cells in bone marrow aspirates of 92 healthy 1–8‐year‐old dogs. The results of intact male and female dogs were compared. No distinct sex‐related differences were found (P > 0.05). A wide physiological range was observed in almost all bone marrow cells resulting in broad reference ranges for the ratios. The clinically relevant M : E ratio varied between 0.45 and 2.87. The accurate cytological examination of bone marrow based on the reference ranges presented in this study requires preparation of high‐quality bone marrow films with minimal blood contamination.
Experimental Enteric Infection of Gnotobiotic Piglets with a Chlamydia psittaci Strain of Avian Origin
Authors: Guscetti F. , Hoop R. , Schiller I. , Corboz L. , Sydler T. , Pospischil A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe pathogenicity of a Chlamydia psittaci isolate of pigeon origin was assessed using a litter of gnotobiotic piglets. At 3 days of age, six piglets were inoculated intragastrically with egg‐grown chlamydiae, the remaining six pigs were sham‐inoculated. The animals were observed for clinical signs, and they were killed and necropsied sequentially between 4 and 15 days of age. Clinical manifestations consisted of slight softening of the faeces between 6 and 10 days post‐inoculation (DPI). Immunohistochemistry revealed chlamydial replication predominantly in the small intestine, initially within villous enterocytes, after 4 DPI mostly in the lamina propria. Histopathology showed villous atrophy and increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the gut up to 6 DPI. Chlamydial stages of normal morphology were identified within enterocytes using transmission electron microscopy. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) run on faecal samples revealed shedding of chlamydial antigen from 3 until 11 DPI. Systemic dissemination of Chlamydia occurred to a limited extent according to polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry results of several extraintestinal organs. Corresponding histopathological changes were minimal. Sera of all pigs were negative for anti‐chlamydial antibodies using a complement fixation test. In conclusion, inoculation of this isolate in gnotobiotic piglets resulted in a productive enteric infection with mild lesions, weak systemic dissemination, and faecal shedding, indicating the pig as a potential host for avian chlamydiae.
Experimental Infection of Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) with Sarcoptes scabiei Derived from Naturally Infected Goats
Authors: Lavin S. , Ruiz‐Bascaran M. , Marco I. , Fondevila M. D. , Ramis A. J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTwo chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) out of a group of three were experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei derived from a naturally infected domestic goat. One of the chamois presented the first clinical manifestations (papules and desquamation) at 7 days post‐infection, after 22 days crusts and alopecia appeared and after 41 days pruritus. The other chamois presented desquamation after 15 days and papules after 21 days and crusts and alopecia after 31 days. All these clinical manifestations continued to spread and when the animals were treated at 84 days post‐infection, pruritus, papules and crusts were first to disappear, there being no evidence of their presence at 99 days post‐infection, when the second treatment dose was applied. The desquamation and alopecia disappeared at 114 days post‐infection, by which stage both animals were considered to have been cured. The results of the skin scraping was negative in both chamois until 54 days post‐infection and it became negative again after 84 days, when the first treatment dose was applied. Biopsies showed different levels of hyperkeratosis and a marked epidermic hyperplasia with formation of small crusts. Superficial epidermis presented marked vasodilatation and also infiltrated inflammation. None of the biopsies carried out showed the presence of parasites. The non‐infected chamois, which was kept in the same compound as the other two, did not present any clinical manifestations compatible with infection by S. scabiei throughout the entire period of the experiment.