bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role Models in Action Through YouTube Videos for Engineering Community College Students
Authors: Lee Hye Rin , Rutherford Teomara , Hanselman Paul , Rodriguez Fernando , Ramirez Kevin F. , Eccles Jacquelynne S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCommunity colleges provide broad access to a college degree due to their less expensive tuition, greater course time offerings, and more open admission policies compared to four-year universities as reported (Juszkiewicz, 2015). These institutions have great potential to diversify who chooses STEM, such as engineering. Such diverse representation is important, because students from different backgrounds can contribute new perspectives that foster creative and innovative approaches to solving problems. However, approximately 40% of the students who enter community college in the U.S. leave before graduation (Xu & Jaggars, 2011). Harnessing the power of social media to reduce attrition, we tested a pilot intervention in which community college students in engineering courses completed a reflection exercise after watching YouTube videos of former engineering students from similar backgrounds who successfully transferred to a four-year college. Quasi-experimental analyses (N = 537) show that students in the intervention received higher engineering course grades and had greater odds of enrolling in an engineering course in the subsequent term compared to those who were not in the intervention. Additionally, we find support for the hypothesis that the intervention has larger benefits for women. Results suggest that hearing from other students about their engineering experience can be a useful tool for improving community college students’ choices and performance.
Was Wittgenstein a radical conventionalist?
Authors: Berg Ásgeir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper defends a reading of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics in the Lectures on the Foundation of Mathematics as a radical conventionalist one, whereby our agreement about the particular case is constitutive of our mathematical practice and ‘the logical necessity of any statement is a direct expression of a convention’ (Dummett in Philos Rev 68(3), 1959, p. 329). On this view, mathematical truths are conceptual truths and our practices determine directly for each mathematical proposition individually whether it is true or false. Mathematical truths are thus not consequences of a prior adoption of a convention or rules as orthodox conventionalism has it. The goal of the paper is not merely exegetical, however, and argues that radical conventionalism is able to withstand some of the most difficult objections that have been brought forward against it, including those of Dummett himself, and thus that radical conventionalism has been prematurely excluded from consideration by philosophers of mathematics.
Value transparency and promoting warranted trust in science communication
Authors: Intemann Kristen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIf contextual values can play necessary and beneficial roles in scientific research, to what extent should science communicators be transparent about such values? This question is particularly pressing in contexts where there appears to be significant resistance among some non-experts to accept certain scientific claims or adopt science-based policies or recommendations. This paper examines whether value transparency can help promote non-experts’ warranted epistemic trust of experts. I argue that there is a prima facie case in favor of transparency because it can promote four conditions that are thought to be required for epistemic trustworthiness. I then consider three main arguments that transparency about values is likely to be ineffective in promoting such trust (and may undermine it). This analysis shows that while these arguments show that value transparency is not sufficient for promoting epistemic trust, they fail to show that rejecting value transparency as a norm for science communicators is more likely to promote warranted epistemic trust than a qualified norm of value transparency (along with other strategies). Finally, I endorse a tempered understanding of value transparency and consider what this might require in practice.
Imaging characteristics of incidentally detected cosmetic surgery-derived foreign bodies on CT images in the maxillofacial region
Authors: Hisatomi Miki , Takeshita Yohei , Yanagi Yoshinobu , Okada Shunsuke , Fujikura Mamiko , Yoshida Suzuka , Kawazu Toshiyuki , Asaumi Junichi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the imaging characteristics of cosmetic surgery-derived foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region through a retrospective review of cosmetic material foreign bodies incidentally detected on computed tomography (CT) images in routine clinical practice.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated cases of cosmetic surgery-derived foreign bodies other than dental materials in the maxillofacial region, using 5 years of CT image data stored on an imaging server. The imaging findings of these foreign bodies were investigated, along with patient age, patient sex, whether the foreign bodies were associated with the disease targeted by the CT scan, and the availability of cosmetic surgery information prior to examination.

Results
Foreign bodies were more common in women (19/21 cases), and affected patients displayed a wide age range (20–84 years). Four types of cosmetic surgery-derived foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region were detected by CT examination: nasal prostheses (nasal region), lifting sutures and injectable facial fillers (both in the buccal region), and silicone chin implants (chin region).

Conclusions
A cosmetic surgery-derived foreign body should be suspected when a foreign body is identified without a dental source of infection. In addition, cosmetic surgery-derived foreign bodies may be present in numerous patients, regardless of age or sex.
Assessment of resectability of pancreatic cancer using novel immersive high-performance virtual reality rendering of abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kunz Julia Madlaina , Maloca Peter , Allemann Andreas , Fasler David , Soysal Savas , Däster Silvio , Kraljević Marko , Syeda Gulbahar , Weixler Benjamin , Nebiker Christian , Ochs Vincent , Droeser Raoul , Walker Harriet Louise , Bolli Martin , Müller Beat , Cattin Philippe , Staubli Sebastian Manuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Virtual reality (VR) allows for an immersive and interactive analysis of imaging data such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study is to assess the comprehensibility of VR anatomy and its value in assessing resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
This study assesses exposure to VR anatomy and evaluates the potential role of VR in assessing resectability of PDAC. Firstly, volumetric abdominal CT and MRI data were displayed in an immersive VR environment. Volunteering physicians were asked to identify anatomical landmarks in VR. In the second stage, experienced clinicians were asked to identify vascular involvement in a total of 12 CT and MRI scans displaying PDAC (2 resectable, 2 borderline resectable, and 2 locally advanced tumours per modality). Results were compared to 2D standard PACS viewing.

Results
In VR visualisation of CT and MRI, the abdominal anatomical landmarks were recognised by all participants except the pancreas (30/34) in VR CT and the splenic (31/34) and common hepatic artery (18/34) in VR MRI, respectively. In VR CT, resectable, borderline resectable, and locally advanced PDAC were correctly identified in 22/24, 20/24 and 19/24 scans, respectively. Whereas, in VR MRI, resectable, borderline resectable, and locally advanced PDAC were correctly identified in 19/24, 19/24 and 21/24 scans, respectively. Interobserver agreement as measured by Fleiss κ was 0.7 for CT and 0.4 for MRI, respectively (p < 0.001). Scans were significantly assessed more accurately in VR CT than standard 2D PACS CT, with a median of 5.5 (IQR 4.75–6) and a median of 3 (IQR 2–3) correctly assessed out of 6 scans (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
VR enhanced visualisation of abdominal CT and MRI scan data provides intuitive handling and understanding of anatomy and might allow for more accurate staging of PDAC and could thus become a valuable adjunct in PDAC resectability assessment in the future.
Unleashing the Potential for Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD)
Authors: Nazi Kim M. , Newton Terry , Armstrong Christina M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPatient-generated health data (PGHD) is data created, captured, or recorded by patients in between healthcare appointments, and is an important supplement to data generated during periodic clinical encounters. PGHD has potential to improve diagnosis and management of chronic conditions, improve health outcomes, and facilitate more “connected health” between patients and their care teams. Electronic PGHD is rapidly accelerating due to the proliferation of consumer health technologies, remote patient monitoring systems, and personal health platforms. Despite this tremendous growth in PGHD and anticipated benefits, broadscale use of PGHD has been challenging to implement with significant gaps in current knowledge about how PGHD can best be employed in the service of high-quality, patient-centered care. While the role of PGHD in patient self-management continues to grow organically, we need a deeper understanding of how data collection and sharing translate into actionable information that supports shared decision-making and informs clinical care in real-world settings. This, in turn, will foster both clinical adoption and patient engagement with PGHD. We propose an agenda for PGHD-related research in the Veterans Health Administration that emphasizes this clinical value to enhance our understanding of its potential and limitations in supporting shared decision-making and informing clinical care.
Research Priorities to Expand Virtual Care Access for Patients in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Wray Charlie M. , Myers Ursula , Slightam Cindie , Dardashti Navid , Heyworth Leonie , Lewinski Allison , Kaboli Peter , Edes Thomas , Trueman Kevin , Zulman Donna M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rapid expansion of virtual care is driving demand for equitable, high-quality access to technologies that are required to utilize these services. While the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is seen as a national leader in the implementation of telehealth, there remain gaps in evidence about the most promising strategies to expand access to virtual care. To address these gaps, in 2022, the VA’s Health Services Research and Development service and Office of Connected Care held a “state-of-the-art” (SOTA) conference to develop research priorities for advancing the science, clinical practice, and implementation of virtual care. One workgroup within the SOTA focused on access to virtual care and addressed three questions: (1) Based on the existing evidence about barriers that impede virtual care access in digitally vulnerable populations, what additional research is needed to understand these factors? (2) Based on the existing evidence about digital inclusion strategies, what additional research is needed to identify the most promising strategies? and (3) What additional research beyond barriers and strategies is needed to address disparities in virtual care access? Here, we report on the workgroup’s discussions and recommendations for future research to improve and optimize access to virtual care. Effective implementation of these recommendations will require collaboration among VA operational leadership, researchers, Human Factors Engineering experts and front-line clinicians as they develop, implement, and evaluate the spread of virtual care access strategies.
Pain Care Disparities and the Use of Virtual Care Among Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups During COVID-19
Authors: Javier Sarah J. , Carey Evan P. , Gunzburger Elise , Chen Huang-Yuan P. , Zeliadt Steven B. , Williams Emily C. , Chen Jessica A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and Objective
COVID-19 led to an unprecedented reliance on virtual modalities to maintain care continuity for patients living with chronic pain. We examined whether there were disparities in virtual specialty pain care for racial-ethnic minority groups during COVID-19.

Design and Participants
This was a retrospective national cohort study with two comparison groups: primary care patients with chronic pain seen immediately prior to COVID-19 (3/1/19–2/29/20) (N = 1,649,053) and a cohort of patients seen in the year prior (3/1/18–2/28–19; n = 1,536,954).

Main Measures
We assessed use of telehealth (telephone or video) specialty pain care, in-person care specialty pain care, and any specialty pain care for both groups at 6 months following cohort inclusion. We used quasi-Poisson regressions to test associations between patient race and ethnicity and receipt of care.

Key Results
Prior to COVID-19, there were Black-White (RR = 0.64, 95% CI [0.62, 0.67]) and Asian-White (RR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.54, 0.75]) disparities in telehealth use, and these lessened during COVID-19 (Black-White: RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.73, 0.77], Asian-White: RR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.74, 0.89]) but did not disappear. Individuals identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native used telehealth less than White individuals during early COVID-19 (RR = 0.98, 95% CI [0.85, 1.13] to RR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.79, 0.96]). Hispanic/Latinx individuals were less likely than non-Hispanic/Latinx individuals to use telehealth prior to COVID-19 but more likely during early COVID-19 (RR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.66, 0.75] to RR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.02, 1.09]). Disparities in virtual pain care occurred over the backdrop of overall decreased specialty pain care during the early phase of the pandemic (raw decrease of n = 17,481 specialty care encounters overall from pre-COVID to COVID-era), including increased disparities in any VA specialty pain care for Black (RR = 0.81, 95% CI [0.80, 0.83] to RR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.77, 0.80]) and Asian (RR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.86, 0.97] to RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.82, 0.94]) individuals.

Conclusions
Disparities in virtual specialty pain care were smaller during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic than prior to the pandemic but did not disappear entirely, despite the rapid growth in telehealth. Targeted efforts to increase access to specialty pain care need to be concentrated among racial-ethnic minority groups.
Disparities in Video-Based Primary Care Use Among Veterans with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tisdale Rebecca , Der-Martirosian Claudia , Yoo Caroline , Chu Karen , Zulman Donna , Leung Lucinda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent among Veterans, and video care enhances access to CVD care. However, it is unknown which patients with CVD conditions receive video care in primary care clinics, where a large proportion of CVD services is delivered.

Objective
Characterize use of VA video primary care for Veterans with two common CVDs, heart failure and hypertension.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Patients
Veterans seen in VA primary care with diagnoses of heart failure and/or hypertension in the year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and for the first two pandemic-years.

Main Measures
The primary outcome was use of any video-based primary care visits. Using multilevel regressions, we examined the association between video care use and patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, controlling for time and adjusting for patient- and site-level clustering.

Key Results
Of 3.8M Veterans with 51.9M primary care visits, 456,901 Veterans had heart failure and hypertension, 50,753 had heart failure only, and 3,300,166 had hypertension only. Veterans with heart failure and hypertension had an average age of 71.6 years. 2.9% were female, and 34.8% lived in rural settings. Patients who were male, aged 75 or older, or rural-dwelling had lower odds of using video care than female patients, 18–44-year-olds, and urban-dwellers, respectively (male patients’ adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.74; 75 years or older, AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.37–0.38; rural-dwellers, AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.70–0.71). Veterans with heart failure had higher odds of video care use than those with hypertension only (AOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06).

Conclusions
Given lower odds of video primary care use among some patient groups, continued expansion of video care could make CVD services increasingly inequitable. These insights can inform equitable triage of patients, for example by identifying patients who may benefit from additional support to use virtual care.
The Clinical Resource Hub Telehealth Program and Use of Primary Care, Emergency, and Inpatient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gujral Kritee , Scott Jennifer Y. , Dismuke-Greer Clara E. , Jiang Hao , Wong Emily , Yoon Jean 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted delivery of health care services worldwide. We examined the impact of the pandemic on clinics participating in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Clinical Resource Hub (CRH) program, rolled out nationally in October 2019, to improve access to care at under-resourced VA clinics or “spoke” sites through telehealth services delivered by regional “hub” sites.

Objective
To assess whether the CRH program was associated with increased access to primary care, we compared use of primary, emergency, and inpatient care at sites that adopted CRH for primary care (CRH-PC) with sites that did not adopt CRH-PC, pre-post pandemic onset.

Design
Difference-in-difference and event study analyses, adjusting for site characteristics.

Study Cohort
A total of 1050 sites (254 CRH-PC sites; 796 comparison sites), fiscal years (FY) 2019–2021.

Intervention
CRH Program for Primary Care.

Main Measures
Quarterly number of VA visits per site for primary care (across all and by modality, in-person, video, and phone), emergency care, and inpatient care.

Results
In adjusted analyses, CRH-PC sites, compared with non-CRH-PC sites, had on average 221 additional primary care visits (a volume increase of 3.4% compared to pre-pandemic). By modality, CRH-PC sites had 643 fewer in-person visits post-pandemic (− 14.4%) but 723 and 128 more phone and video visits (+ 39.9% and + 159.5%), respectively. CRH-PC sites, compared with non-CRH-PC sites, had fewer VA ED visits (− 4.2%) and hospital stays (− 5.1%) in VA medical centers. Examining visits per patient, we found that CRH-PC sites had 48 additional telephone primary care visits per 1000 primary care patients (an increase of 9.8%), compared to non-program sites.

Conclusions
VA’s pre-pandemic rollout of a new primary care telehealth program intended to improve access facilitated primary care visits during the pandemic, a period fraught with care disruptions, and limited in-person health care delivery, indicating the potential for the program to offer health system resilience.
Implementation of Direct-to-Patient Mobile Teledermatology in VA
Authors: Peracca Sara B. , Lachica Olevie , Lamkin Rebecca P. , Jackson George L. , Mohr David C. , King Heather A. , Whited John D. , Fonseca Allene S. , Morris Isis J. , Gifford Allen L. , Weinstock Martin A. , Oh Dennis H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Innovative technology can enhance patient access to healthcare but must be successfully implemented to be effective.

Objective
We evaluated Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA’s) implementation of My VA Images, a direct-to-patient asynchronous teledermatology mobile application enabling established dermatology patients to receive follow-up care remotely instead of in-person.

Design /Participants/Approach
Following pilot testing at 3 facilities, the app was introduced to 28 facilities (4 groups of 7) every 3 months using a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized design. Using the Organizational Theory of Implementation Effectiveness, we examined the app’s implementation using qualitative and quantitative data consisting of encounter data from VA’s corporate data warehouse; app usage from VA’s Mobile Health database; bi-monthly reports from facility representatives; phone interviews with clinicians; and documented communications between the operational partner and facility staff.

Key Results
Implementation policies and practices included VA’s vision to expand home telehealth and marketing/communication strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic dominated the implementation climate by stressing staffing, introducing competing demands, and influencing stakeholder attitudes to the app, including its fit to their values. These factors were associated with mixed implementation effectiveness, defined as high quality consistent use. Nineteen of 31 exposed facilities prepared to use the app; 10 facilities used it for actual patient care, 7 as originally intended. Residents, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants were more likely than attendings to use the app. Facilities exposed to the app pre-pandemic were more likely to use and sustain the new process.

Conclusions
Considerable heterogeneity existed in implementing mobile teledermatology, despite VA’s common mission, integrated healthcare system, and stakeholders’ broad interest. Identifying opportunities to target favorable facilities and user groups (such as teaching facilities and physician extenders, respectively) while addressing internal implementation barriers including incomplete integration with the electronic health record as well as inadequate staffing may help optimize the initial impact of direct-to-patient telehealth. The COVID pandemic was a notable extrinsic barrier.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03241589
Mechanical Characterization of Polylactic Acid, Polycarbonate, and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Specimens Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Dimitrellou Sotiria , Iakovidis Isidoros , Psarianos Dimitrios-Rafail 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the mechanical behavior of polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC) and carbon fiber-reinforced high-temperature polyamide (PAHT-CF) specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM). PC and PAHT-CF are considered engineering grade materials that exhibit good mechanical properties, suitable for rapid prototypes and functional parts fabrication. PLA, a popular, commonly used FDM material, has been included in this work for comparison purposes. The purpose of the present study is to provide comprehensive experimental data on the materials’ critical properties since limited data is available in the existing literature and there is a lack of comparative analysis regarding the three materials. Mechanical characterization has been carried out on the basis of tensile, three-point bending, impact and creep tests. Measurements of hardness, density and porosity were conducted, and the specimens’ morphology was examined through microscopy. The results showed that the highest strength and flexural modulus of elasticity were observed for the PAHT-CF specimens followed by PC and PLA. PC specimens exhibited the highest impact resistance followed by PAHT-CF and PLA. The highest stage II creep resistance was achieved by PAHT-CF followed by PC and PLA. The optical and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that specimens’ quality depends on the printing parameters.