bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geo-helminth infections: Neglected helminthiases among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Nandi-Hills Sub-County Hospital, Nandi County, Kenya
Authors: Masai Rael Jepkogei 
Published: November 2023

The study investigated prevalence of geo-helminth infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Nandi Hills Sub-County Hospital in Nandi County. Stool samples were collected from randomly selected consenting pregnant women to attain a sample size of 300. The samples were processed immediately at the hospital using formal-ether concentration technique and results recorded in terms of either presence or absence of ova. Direct smear egg count was done to quantify worm burden. Capillary blood was obtained by a finger prick for measurement of haemoglobin levels. Participants were requested to fill a questionnaire to obtain information regarding water source, mode of faecal disposal geophagy status and recent chemoprophylaxis. Geohelminth parasites detected were Ascaris lumbricoides (30%), hookworm (15%) and Trichiuris trichiura (1%). There were significant differences in co-infections with A. lumbricoides hookworm (P=0.00) and A. lumbricoides - T. trichiura parasites (P=0.007). Factors that had significant positive association with either A. lumbricoides-hookworm or A. lumbricoides -T. trichiura co-infections were use of piped water, pit latrine, being geophagous and lack of recent chemoprophylaxis.
Awareness and knowledge of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors among female undergraduates in the university of Ibadan
Authors: Mariam Onakoya Tolulope , Kolawole Ifeoluwapo 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common malignancy among women in Africa, it affects women more frequently than any other cancer. There are various risk factors and symptoms of ovarian cancer, but women are generally found to lack knowledge on this hence leading to late diagnosis of ovarian cancer in most women.

Methods: This study employed a cross sectional survey technique and was conducted among female undergraduate staying in the halls of residence in the university of Ibadan. The total student population was 1496. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula and the sample size was 351 students which was allocated proportionally to each hall of residence. The research instrument used for the study is a self-administered questionnaire. Using SPSS, the data were analyzed using the frequency, percentage, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05%. The chi-square test of independence was used to investigate the association between the age and awareness of ovarian cancer among females in University of Ibadan’s halls of residence. It was also used to investigate the association between the level of knowledge of ovarian cancer risk factors and symptoms among female staying in Queen Elizabeth II Hall and Obafemi Awolowo Hall of residence. Using SPSS, the data were analyzed using the frequency, percentage, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05%.

Results: The results showed that 92% of female undergraduate students at the University of Ibadan are well-informed about ovarian cancer and majority of female undergraduates are quite knowledgeable about the symptoms and risks factors of ovarian cancer. The study found that that there is no significant relationship between the ages of the female undergraduate students in University of Ibadan and their awareness of Ovarian cancer and also conclude that there is a significant relationship between the hall of residence of the female undergraduate students in University of Ibadan and their awareness of Ovarian cancer.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has revealed just like every other related study that most female undergraduate have a considerable high knowledge about the symptoms and risk factors of ovarian cancer however the University management should take the advantage of special occasions like world cancer day should do more sensitization on the symptoms and risk factor of ovarian cancer and other type of cancer particularly in halls of residence with lower level of knowledge on ovarian cancer.
Stressors and coping measures among undergraduate nursing students in Western Nigeria
Authors: Francis-Edoziuno Confidence C. , Abiona Mary O. , Odetola Titilayo D. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Nursing students are frequently exposed to various stressors throughout their training; the resultant stress affects their personal, professional, and academic achievements and well-being directly or indirectly. This study aimed to identify the causes/sources of stress, the levels of stress, coping measures, and possible suggestions for reducing stress and its effects among nursing students.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to assess stress and coping variables among undergraduate nursing students at a university in Western Nigeria. This study recruited 151 full-time undergraduate nursing students in their first to fifth study years using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through self-structured questionnaires, but the data on the level of stress was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Descriptive statistics of frequency units, percentages, and mean ± SD were computed to summarize and present the results.

Results: The study's findings revealed that the most common sources of stress were academic, personal, financial, and relationship-related stressors. Furthermore, the majority of nursing students had either low (47.7%) or severe (44.3%) stress levels. To deal with stress, most nursing students use coping mechanisms such as positive thinking, optimism, sleep, and relaxation. Respondents suggested that more emphasis be placed on health promotion programs, reducing the number of exams in one week, and training students on how to develop their social, coping, and time management skills, as these measures can help reduce stressors from academics, personal life, and relationships.

Conclusion: To ensure a reduction in stress-related academic failure and illnesses among the students, it is recommended that nursing instructors, lecturers, and leaders pay close attention to the existing stress levels of nursing students and explore ways to increase the coping mechanisms of these students.
Menstrual hygiene management among Nigerian adolescent girls: Knowledge and associated factors
Authors: Eze Chioma J. , Faremi Victoria O. , Amoo Yetunde O. , Obialor Joy C. , Obialor Blessing O. , Eze Happiness A. , Marindoti Christiana D. , Oluwadamilare Akingbade  
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Menstruation is a crucial aspect of the monthly expected events in the life of a female starting at puberty. It is expected that females who have attained menarche, maintain a level of hygiene, but it is somewhat difficult in most low and middle-income countries due to many factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and factors impacting menstrual hygiene practices among Nigerian adolescent girls.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted, data was collected among 315 secondary school students in Umuahia, Abia State using a closed-ended questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Relationship between practice of menstrual hygiene management and the adolescent girls’ knowledge about menstruation was assessed using linear regression model and t-test at p <0.05 level of significance.

Results: The majority of the respondents (67.3%) are between age 11 and 15 (mean age; 14.34±3.8). Above average (58.7 %) had good knowledge about menstrual hygiene management, and the majority (83.8% and 94.6%) learnt about menstruation and menstrual hygiene management from parents and teachings in school respectively. Age at menarche was significantly associated with knowledge about menstruation at p= 0.011. However, age at menarche and knowledge about menstruation were not significantly associated with the menstrual hygiene management. Non-availability of menstrual materials and facilities for proper waste disposal were some factors affecting proper menstrual hygiene management.

Conclusion: Knowledge about proper menstrual hygiene management still requires urgent attention among adolescent girls due to the inadequate knowledge found among over one-third of the study participants. Ultimately, the provision of menstrual materials should be considered a priority for adolescent girls and they should be able to practice menstrual hygiene without problems of non-availability of menstrual materials. Facilities for proper disposal of waste should be made available in schools.
Bright and Dark Soliton Pulse in Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Jasim AL-Taie Mohammed Salim 
Published: November 2023

The nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation was utilized to conduct an analytical study on the soliton control in homogeneous photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) within both the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. The split step Fourier method and MATLAB computation were used to generate the analytical soliton solutions for the NLS problem. The bright and dark soliton can be controlled by the group-velocity distribution (GVD). It is capable of demonstrating the fabrication of a fully coherent PCF. Moreover, dark soliton pulses have been seen in PCF in the typical dispersion domain. Here, we present the bound states of bright–dark soliton pairs that are mutually confined in a PCF. Solitons are produced when two modes with opposing dispersions are replanted. One laser operating in the anomalous dispersion domain produces the bright soliton, while the second laser running in the normal dispersion phase produces the dark soliton by normal dispersion cross-phase modulation with the light soliton. The results unequivocally point to a novel method of generating dark soliton pulses. Capturing both bright and dark solitons can produce light states that, interestingly, have a consistent power output and spectrally resemble a frequency comb. These results may have use in soliton states in atomic physics, ultrafast optics, frequency comb technologies, and telecommunications systems. A radically new approach to the stabilization of powerful wave packages in the negative and positive GVD regions of interacting waves is illustrated.

Received: 25 August 2023 | Revised: 26 October 2023 | Accepted: 10 November 2023

Conflicts of InterestThe author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Prevention of online sexual abuse: What do Chilean adolescents propose?
Authors: Guerra Cristóbal , Toro Edgardo , Pinto-Cortez Cristian , Fernández Angelica , Martínez Geraldine , Ramirez Maira , Swiergala Elizabeth , Melo Claudia , Alcorce Carolina , Gonzalez Cherie , Retamal Magaly 
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of online sexual abuse (OSA) is high worldwide. In Chile, law No. 20,526 seeks to punish sexual harassment, virtual child pornography and possession of child pornographic material. The evidence shows that preventative strategies, aiming to combat OSA, are ineffective, mainly due to their adult-centric logic. For this reason, this study aims to describe the preventive strategies that adolescents are familiar with and which ones they propose. Eighty-two adolescents answered a qualitative online survey. The thematic analysis shows that adolescents propose to prevent OSA by fostering dialogue within the family -balancing supervision with support- instead of imposing rigid norms. The adolescents further suggest incorporating the school community into this dialogue and that the strategies be continuous, in interactive and motivating formats, rather than rigid and scholarly.
Applicability of Convoluted Neural Networks to the Dataset Fitting Problem
Authors: Смородинов А. Д. , Гавриленко Т. В. , Рассадин А. А. 
Published: November 2023

в работе рассматривается возможность применения сверточных искусственных нейронных сетей для решения задачи идентификации типа зависимости в наборах данных. Для обучения сверточной нейронной сети использовались обучающие выборки, состоящие из графиков функций. В качестве базового набора функций для обучения искусственной нейронной сети были выбраны 6 функций, ключевым свойством которых является линеаризуемость. Сверточная нейронная сеть применялась для определения типа зависимостей в наборах данных, полученных из международной базы данных MNIST, предназначенной для тестирования статистического программного обеспечения. Приведен анализ результатов применения сверточной нейронной сети к наборам данных из базы данных MNIST, делается вывод о принципиальной возможности применения данного подхода для визуального корреляционного анализа данных и, как следствие, возможности идентификации типа зависимости по графическому образу представления данных.
we analyzed the applicability of convolutional neural networks to solving the dataset fitting problem. The convolutional neural network was trained with training datasets containing function curves. We selected 6 linearizable functions. The convolutional neural network detected the functional relations in the datasets taken from the MNIST database intended for statistical software testing. The results show that it is possible to use the proposed approach for visual correlation analysis and curve-based data fitting.
Accurate Estimation of Energy Losses in Power Lines Considering the Resistance Variation in Time
Authors: Бигун А. Я. , Рыжаков В. В. , Владимиров Л. В. , Дроздова Ю. Е. 
Published: November 2023

в работе представлен расчет потерь электрической энергии с учетом нестационарности тепловых процессов в проводах воздушных линий, возникающих из-за изменения режимных и климатических факторов (скорости и направления ветра, температуры окружающей среды). Для расчетов использовался метод, базирующийся на решении уравнения теплового баланса в нестационарном тепловом режиме проводов с возможностью расчета потерь электрической энергии, а также проводился расчет с учетом рекомендаций данных в приказе Министерства энергетики РФ от 30.12.2008 г. No326. Особенностью производимого расчета потерь электрической энергии при нестационарном режиме является применение метода, позволяющего сразу рассчитать их. Произведено сравнение полученных данных, выявлены расхождения, и представлена экономическая оценка расхождений.
this study estimates the electrical power losses in overhead power lines taking into account transient thermal processes caused by changes in operating and ambient conditions (wind speed and direction, air temperature). We solved the heat balance equation for the transient thermal condition of the wires to obtain the electrical power losses as specified in the Directive No. 326 of the Russian Ministry of Energy dated December 30, 2008. The proposed method directly estimates the losses. We analyzed the results, found discrepancies and performed a feasibility study.
Evaluating 3 decades of precipitation in the Upper Colorado River basin from a high-resolution regional climate model
Authors: Rudisill William , Flores Alejandro , Carroll Rosemary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Convection-permitting regional climate models (RCMs) have recently become tractable for applications at multi-decadal timescales. These types of models have tremendous utility for water resource studies, but better characterization of precipitation biases is needed, particularly for water-resource-critical mountain regions, where precipitation is highly variable in space, observations are sparse, and the societal water need is great. This study examines 34 years (1987–2020) of RCM precipitation from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF; v3.8.1), using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFS; CFSv2) initial and lateral boundary conditions and a 1 km × 1 km innermost grid spacing. The RCM is centered over the Upper Colorado River basin, with a focus on the high-elevation, 750 km2 East River watershed (ERW), where a variety of high-impact scientific activities are currently ongoing. Precipitation is compared against point observations (Natural Resources Conservation Service Snow Telemetry or SNOTEL), gridded climate datasets (Newman, Livneh, and PRISM), and Bayesian reconstructions of watershed mean precipitation conditioned on streamflow and high-resolution snow remote-sensing products. We find that the cool-season precipitation percent error between WRF and 23 SNOTEL gauges has a low overall bias (x^ = 0.25 %, s = 13.63 %) and that WRF has a higher percent error during the warm season (x^ = 10.37 %, s = 12.79 %). Warm-season bias manifests as a high number of low-precipitation days, though the low-resolution or SNOTEL gauges limit some of the conclusions that can be drawn. Regional comparisons between WRF precipitation accumulation and three different gridded datasets show differences on the order of ± 20 %, particularly at the highest elevations and in keeping with findings from other studies. We find that WRF agrees slightly better with the Bayesian reconstruction of precipitation in the ERW compared to the gridded precipitation datasets, particularly when changing SNOTEL densities are taken into account. The conclusions are that the RCM reasonably captures orographic precipitation in this region and demonstrates that leveraging additional hydrologic information (streamflow and snow remote-sensing data) improves the ability to characterize biases in RCM precipitation fields. Error characteristics reported in this study are essential for leveraging the RCM model outputs for studies of past and future climates and water resource applications. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other watersheds and model configurations. Hourly 1 km × 1 km precipitation and other meteorological outputs from this dataset are publicly available and suitable for a wide variety of applications.
Improvements in the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) through systematic model analysis: CanESM5.0 and CanESM5.1
Authors: Sigmond Michael , Anstey James , Arora Vivek , Digby Ruth , Gillett Nathan , Kharin Viatcheslav , Merryfield William , Reader Catherine , Scinocca John , Swart Neil , Virgin John , Abraham Carsten , Cole Jason , Lambert Nicolas , Lee Woo-Sung , Liang Yongxiao , Malinina Elizaveta , Rieger Landon , von Salzen Knut , Seiler Christian , Seinen Clint , Shao Andrew , Sospedra-Alfonso Reinel , Wang Libo , Yang Duo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0 (CanESM5.0), the most recent major version of the global climate model developed at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), has been used extensively in climate research and for providing future climate projections in the context of climate services. Previous studies have shown that CanESM5.0 performs well compared to other models and have revealed several model biases. To address these biases, the CCCma has recently initiated the “Analysis for Development” (A4D) activity, a coordinated analysis activity in support of CanESM development. Here we describe the goals and organization of this effort and introduce two variants (“p1” and “p2”) of a new CanESM version, CanESM5.1, which features important improvements as a result of the A4D activity. These improvements include the elimination of spurious stratospheric temperature spikes and an improved simulation of tropospheric dust. Other climate aspects of the p1 variant of CanESM5.1 are similar to those of CanESM5.0, while the p2 variant of CanESM5.1 features reduced equilibrium climate sensitivity and improved El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability as a result of intentional tuning of the atmospheric component. The A4D activity has also led to the improved understanding of other notable CanESM5.0 and CanESM5.1 biases, including the overestimation of North Atlantic sea ice, a cold bias over sea ice, biases in the stratospheric circulation and a cold bias over the Himalayas. It provides a potential framework for the broader climate community to contribute to CanESM development, which will facilitate further model improvements and ultimately lead to improved climate change information.
Time of surgery and surgeon level in supracondylar humerus fractures in pediatric patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Albrahim Ibrahim A , AlOmran Ammar K , Bubshait Dalal A , Tawfeeq Yaser , Alumran Arwa , Alsayigh Jaffar , Abusultan Ammar , Altalib Abdulraheem , Alzaid Zaid A , Alsubaie Shayma S , Alzahrani Mohammad M 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Supracondylar humerus fractures account for more than 60% of all elbow fractures and about 1/5 of all pediatric fractures. Unfortunately, these fractures can be associated with risk of complications including neurovascular injuries, malunions and limb deformities. Controversy exists regarding the effect of time of surgical intervention and/or level of surgeon performing the surgery on outcome of these fractures.
AIM
To determine whether time of surgical intervention and/or surgeon level influence the outcomes of surgically managed pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures.
METHODS
We retrospectively studied 155 pediatric patients presenting with a supracondylar humerus fracture in a level 1 trauma center from January 2006 to December 2019. The data extracted included demographic data, fracture characteristics, surgical data, and follow-up outcomes. The collected data was analyzed and P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Of the cohort, 11% of patients had documented post-operative complications, of which the majority occurred in surgeries performed after day time working hours and in fractures requiring open reduction. While the lowest complication rate was found in surgeries performed by pediatric orthopaedic surgeons, this did not reach statistical significance.
CONCLUSION
In pediatric patients undergoing surgery for supracondylar fractures, we found a higher complication rate when surgeries were not performed during working hours. Surgeon level and training had no significant effect on the risk of post-operative complications.