bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polybius and the ‘Geographical’ History
Authors: Clarke Katherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Polybius’ History, composed explicitly in order to explain the rise of Rome over almost the entire known world, is an obvious example of a work written in response to conquest. It also provides a good starting-point for the discussions of Posidonius and Strabo which will follow. Not only does Strabo list Polybius as one of the major influences at the start of his Geography and devote a section of his treatment of the geographical tradition to Polybius’ contribution (1. 1. 1);1 not only did both Strabo and Posidonius write historical works which were described as continuations of Polybius’ History, and called Events after Polybius (τà μ∈τà ∏oλ, β ι ν); but, most importantly, we can see in Polybius a crucial predecessor in the attempt to encompass the new world of Rome in a unified and coherent account. In this chapter I argue in particular against the view that Polybius relegated all geographical information to a digressive thirty-fourth book in his attempt to write a political narrative. I shall show that geography of different types was integral to the work, in terms both of its conception, and of its execution, in Polybius’ construction of the new world-view.
Plato’s Muses: The Goddesses that Endure
Authors: Murray Penelope 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Socrates, not known for his devotion to the Muses, begins to write poetry when he is in prison awaiting execution. In the Phaedo (6odff.) he tells his friends of a recurrent dream he has had during his life which urges him to compose and practise music (6oe6–7). He had always thought that the dream was encouraging him to do precisely what he had spent his life doing, that is ‘making music’, on the grounds that ‘philosophy is the greatest music’.
Authority and Ontology of the Muses in Epic Reception
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Current accounts of Muses in ancient literature still tend to take their cue from loci classici in Homer and Hesiod.1 The first verse of the Iliad, the poet’s invocation prior to the catalogue of ships, and the self: characterization of the daughters of Zeus in the Theogony, in particular, are used as talismans by classicists in their attempts to understand the role and function of the Muses in ancient literature, Latin as well as Greek.2 The Quellenforschung, in a strong sense, of imagery associated with inspiration and poetics has always led to scrutiny of these early texts. The assumption seems to have been that these Greek poems, if only they could be disengaged from accretions of reception and inter locking literary genealogies, might somehow, by virtue of their archaic authenticity, reveal the original order of things which became obscured later on.
Masculinity under Threat? The Poetics and Politics of Inspiration in Latin Poetry
Authors: Fowler Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The allusion is complicated by the fact that Callimachus lived 500 years later than Homer: this part of the Batrachomyomachia is probably post Callimachean in date, and we are invited to a double reading of the inter textuality, in which we both recontextualize the Aetia prologue by ‘discovering’ the presence in Callimachus of this supposedly archaic precursor and at the same time cheekily recognize the presence in ‘Homer’ of Callimachus.
The Untouched Self: Sapphic and Catullan Muses in Horace, Odes I. 22
Authors: Ancona Ronnie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Howdoes Horace negotiate the issues of inspiration, autonomy, self, and desire? How does he simultaneously participate in, reject, and revise generic conventions/expectations? As is apparent in other essays con tained in this volume the notion of inspiration is tied to questions of inside/outside, self/other, autonomy/dependence, masculine/feminine.
An A-musing Tale: Gender, Genre, and Ovid’s Battles with Inspiration in the Metamorphoses
Authors: Sharrock Alison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Poetry about inspiration is self-referential, even self-performative: how can you deny, or claim, or even invoke inspiration, without irony? The claim in such denial might be for ‘originality’—that the poetry comes ‘from inside not from something ‘out there, but it is a claim which the text itself figures as self-refuting. The language of inspiration is part of a traditional discursive nexus through which poets play out the tensions involved in the poetic process as both creative and derivative. This essay is particularly concerned with inspiration as relationship. That may sound very friendly, liberal, and positive, but relationships can of course be sites of battle as well as co-operation, and a notion of inspiration as struggle also underpins this paper.
Iambus VII
Authors: Kerkhecker Arnd 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of Iambus VI I, very little survives. However, from the scanty remains, its central idea emerges quite clearly. One can even form some notion of its narrative style. With the help of the Diegesis, we can plot its basic shape. The result may not be a complete poem, but it gives us an important part of the Book.
Introduction: Status Distinctions in Athenian Law
Authors: Hunter Virginia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subject of this collection is the articulation of law and social status in classical Athens How, it asks, did the law of Athens construct and sustain social status? In posing this question, the papers assembled here have made no effort to solve or even to enter seriously into the definitional debate around class and status initiated by Finley (1973) and de Ste Croix (1981).
Introduction
Authors: Meadows Andrew , Shipton Kirsty 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
appearance of Finley’s seminal work is a good time co reassess che role of coined money in the ancient Greek economy. Given the pre-eminence of Finley and the authority of the \Vork from which the above quotation comes, one must inevitably suppose that this unfortunate pronouncement has been one of the major causes of the lack of dialogue between economic historians and the students of ancient coinage. The conferences that inspired this volume sought to bring numismatists back into the fold of mainstream ancient history, as well as encouraging historians to listen to what numismatists have to say, and the resulting papers have provided stimulating examples ofhow numismatic research can proceed in new directions, and also how numismatic material can and should be integrated into the writing of social, political, and economic history.
Civilizing Rome: Greek Pedagogy and the Roman Emperor
Authors: Whitmarsh Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter considered the representation of intercultural stand-off, a scenario in which the emperor is negatively assessed on the grounds of his rejection of pedagogical advice, while the philosopher is positively appraised for his manly, serene triumph over adversity. This chapter considers the more constructive counterpart of the exilic paradigm, namely the harmonious coexistence of philosophy and the principate.
Conclusion
Authors: Whitmarsh Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cultural identity is not innate, but constructed and vied for in social space. In Stuart Hall’s terms, it is ‘not an essence but a positioning’} Assumptions that Greek identity in any period stemmed organically from a single, integral radical risk complicity with nineteenth-century racial theory: the explicitly biological metaphors (‘blood’, ‘vitality’, ‘reinvigoration’) may have gone, but the familiar talk of a renaissance or ‘flourishing’2 of Hellenism in Roman Greece implies similar assumptions about the natural unity of a people and their articulation of their Geist in a coherent cultural aesthetic. What this book has sought to show is that Greek cultural identity in the early Roman period (the period often called ‘the Second Sophistic’) was an intense concern, but it was never taken for granted: identities were made, contested, masked, ironized, dissimulated, or disavowed, but not received as self- evident. Literature was not the medium of expression for the coherent and self-identical ‘voice’ of Greece, but both a site of conflict between different interest-groups and an opportunity for resourceful play on the part of some brilliantly imaginative writers.
Toward a Pillar Organization?
Authors: Dobbelaere Karel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
PILLARIZATION” is the translation of the Dutch term verzuiling, coined to designate a particular societal structure that was first described and analyzed by historians and sociologists in the 1950s in the Netherlands. It refers to the process by which pillarized structures are erected. Such structures or organizational complexes striving toward autarky or self sufficiency are called pillars since they are active, on a religious or ideological basis, in areas that are primarily defined as secular. The more services a pillar renders, the more self-sufficient it is.
The British Movement and its Members
Authors: Wilson Bryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE success of any new religious movement within a particular national culture depends not only on the features that constitute its specific appeal, vital as they are to understanding the way it is received, but also on the pre-existing character of the host environment. In the early 1960s, when the first Soka Gakkai Buddhists appeared here, Britain was a country still recovering from the effects of war on its economy. A class structure undergoing radical change, a new mood of optimism, belief in prospects of social and economic progress, and the recognition that the nation had now to reshape its role in the wider world were significant elements in the prevailing social ethos. This was the time when a prime minister could refer to the “winds of change,” but could also tell the public as a whole that they “had never had it so good.”
The Expansion of the Soka Gakkai into Southeast Asia
Authors: Metraux Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN recent years Japanese new religions have manifested strong growth in Asia. Among them, Saka Gakkai International (SGI) alone has a strong organizational base in virtually every Asian country. Of these countries, Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong parallel each other as “newly industrializing countries” with significant ethnic Chinese populations. Because of their similarities in ethnic composition and history the SGI organizations in these three states may be compared and contrasted to great effect.
Thucydides’ Archaeology: Between Epic and Oral Traditions
Authors: Nicolai Roberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE Archaeology in book 1 is the only place in Thucydides’ work where the history of Greece from the origins to the Persian wars is dealt with in a less than sporadic way. The present contribution will not attempt a comprehensive scrutiny of all the many problems raised by the Archaeology. It will rather suggest an interpretation of this text which helps to understand its function within the frame work of Thucydides’ work. In the Archaeology Thucydides deals once and for all with ancient history, with those who have preserved its memory, and with the methods by which it can be investigated and narrated. Accordingly, our starting-point will be the structure of the Archaeology, and I shall propose a rhetorical analysis in terms of demonstrative rhetoric (Section 1 ). However, in the Archaeology Thucydides does not merely aim at arguing for the superiority of the Peloponnesian war to all main conflicts of the past. His insistence (Section 2) on the relative value of the sources of information epic poets, logographers, monuments, oral traditions-and on the methods of enquiry-ethnographic comparison, arguments based on verisimilitude-show that in the Archaeology Thucydides also wants to affirm strongly the superior exemplary value of his enquiry into the history of the most recent period (Section 3). At the core of Thucydides’ argument are the oral traditions: on the one hand they share problems with information elicited from eyewitnesses, and on the other, as far as their credibility is concerned, they come closer to the tales of poets and logographers (Section 4).
lntratext and Irony in Aristophanes
Authors: Hesk Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The terms ‘intratext’, ‘intratextual’, and ‘intratextuality’ are conspicuous by their absence in the indices and glossaries of the current crop of introductions to literary theory which fill the shelves of good bookshops and university libraries. In various dictionaries of literary terms and critical theory, there are entries for ‘intention’, ‘intentional fallacy’, ‘interpretant’, and ‘intertextuality’.
Redesigning the Canadian Citizenship Regime: Remaking the Institutions of Representation
Authors: Jenson Jane , Phillips Susan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Canadians cannot rely on a common religion or ethnicity or centuries of myths and legends to provide an easy answer to the question of national identity Public health insurance has the … enormous advantage that it is a concrete, practical example of a common citizenship right.
[Ontario] Health Minister Jim Wilson said at hearings in Toronto that he had no intention of greasing the squeaky wheels [of] ‘special interests’ affected by the health care provisions in the bill. ‘This government is not going to give special treatment to people who shout the loudest’ Roxanne Felice does not shout but she believes the government should be listening to her anyway.
Introduction
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My strangest belief is that vague words have hidden boundaries. I think that the subtraction of a single grain of sand might turn a heap into a non-heap. I think I was, briefly, the youngest man on earth (having just previously been the oldest boy on earth). Oddly, these unusual opinions do not issue from scientistic zeal or deep-sea metaphysics. They are imposed by boring beliefs, in particular, allegiance to lightweight common sense and textbook logic. (Logicians marvel at how small a dose of each is sufficient.) Given this modest degree of intellectual conservatism, the ancient sorites paradox corners me into the belief that all vague terms are sensitive to arbitrarily small differences:
Inconsistent Machines
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are three kinds of people in the world; those who can count and those who can’t. Forced analytical errors are prominent in my epistemology of language. I say language systematically passes off contradictions as tautologies. I say there are infinitely many of these pseudo-tautologies. And I say competent speakers to be fooled by them. Permanently. I shall appeal to precedent to justify and clarify my attribution of functional, massive inconsistency. I will compare and contrast my attribution of analytic error with other forms of inconsistency.
Reason Demands Belief in Infinitely Many Contradictions
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I believe that I believe an inconsistent proposition (i.e. one that entails its own negation–as demonstrable by This meta-belief about the set of propositions I actually now hold is infallible. Proof by assume each proposition I now believe is consistent–including the proposition that I believe an inconsistency. If pis consistent, then ⌜ is inconsistent⌝ is itself inconsistent. For if is consistent, it is logically impossible for to entail its own negation. Yet if ⌜ is inconsistent⌝ is consistent, then it is possible for to entail its own negation. Just as it is inconsistent to call a consistent proposition inconsistent, it is inconsistent to say of two consistent propositions that either the first one is inconsistent or the second one is inconsistent. In general, it is inconsistent to say of a set of consistent propositions that at least one member of that set is inconsistent. Therefore, if each proposition that I now believe is consistent, then my meta-belief that at least one of my beliefs is inconsistent is itself inconsistent. That is, if all of my beliefs are consistent, then at least one of my beliefs is inconsistent. Contradiction. Therefore, necessarily, if I believe that I believe at least one inconsistent proposition, then I indeed believe at least one inconsistent proposition.
The Etiology of the Obvious Wittgenstein and the Elimination of Indeterminacy
Authors: Williams Meredith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much of the discussion of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy focuses on one or another of three arguments drawn from the Philosophical Investigations: the critique of denotational theories of meaning, the “paradox of interpretation’’ with respect to rule-following, and the private language argument. My aim in this paper is to identify a deep underlying issue that is common to all three ( though I will consider only the first two). That is what I will call “the problem of normative similarity.” This concerns the normative role played by our basic judgments of sameness or identity with respect to categorization and rule-following. The arguments Wittgenstein develops against ostensive definition and rules, as the primitive or basic devices for fixing the normative standards of language use, show that both are indeterminate in their application and so cannot account for the normativity of language. Successful ostension and rule-following presuppose a background of what is obviously the same to the participants. And, according to Wittgenstein, that background consists in the mastery of techniques of application that are acquired in the process of learning.
How Long Is the Standard Meter in Paris?
Authors: Diamond Cora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his lectures on “Naming and Necessity,”1 Saul Kripke raises questions about §50 of Philosophical Investigations, a long and complex section. He picks out and criticizes this pair of sentences: There is one thing of which one can say neither that it is one metre long, nor that it is not one metre long, and that is the standard metre in Paris.-But this is, of course, not to ascribe any extraordinary property to it, but only to mark its peculiar role in the language-game of measuring with a metre-rule.
Festivals and Rituals
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1be king’s ablutions are complete, his body now cleansed of all defilement. An attendant stands by to assist him don ceremonial garb--for one festival a blue robe, for another a simple white garment, a rough shepherd’s mantle, and black shoes.1 A close--fitting skull cap and earrings of gold add the final touch. Whatever his trappings, the king is but the servant, the slave, of a higher authority in whose honour the forthcoming ceremonies and festivities will be held.
The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii
Authors: Painter Kenneth S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Casa del Menando hoard was found by Professor Amedeo Maiuri in 1930, in the course of the excavation of the Insula of the Menander. There has been no study of it as a whole since Maiuri's publication of 1933. The silver, one of the three largest groups of Roman plate of the first century AD, is the only one which has been found and recorded under modern conditions, and demonstrates what plate was in use in Pompeii in the period of the disasters of AD 62 and 72. The treasure includes two hoards, hidden in the same chest, one consisting of 118 pieces of silver plate, the other of coins and jewellery. Maiuri thought that the hoards, and therefore the house, belonged to the top level of Roman society; but this study suggests that they belonged to a rich citizen of Pompeii, who may have been a local magistrate.
Latin Forms of Address
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How did Romans address their children, their parents, their slaves, and their patrons? When one Roman called another 'dearest', 'master', 'brother', 'human being', 'executioner', or 'soft little cheese', what did these terms really mean and why? This book brings to bear on such questions a corpus of 15,441 addresses spanning four centuries, drawn from literary prose, poetry, letters, inscriptions, ostraca, and papyri and analysed during recent work in sociolinguistics. The results offer new insights into Roman culture and shed a fresh light on the interpretation of numerous passages in literature. A glossary of the 500 most common addresses and quick-reference tables explaining the rules of usage make this book a valuable resource for Latin teachers and all active users of the language, while the evidence for the investigations behind these conclusions will fascinate scholars and laymen alike. Original, jargon-free, and highly readable, this work will be enjoyed even by those with no prior knowledge of Latin.
Dio Chrysostom
Authors: Swain Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dio Chrysostom (c. AD 45-115) is one of the most important writers, thinkers, and politicians from the flourishing world of the Greeks under Rome. His many surviving essays and speeches offer historians, philosophers, and students of literature an impressive range of high-quality writing, original reflection on ethics and social affairs, and intelligent, complex appraisal of the Roman Empire at the height of its power This volume contains eleven new assessments of the key areas of Dio's life and works by an international team of experts. For the first time studies of Dio's thoughts on civic and imperial life are placed alongside studies both of the sophisticated techniques which he used to expound his political and social message and of the sources that gave him the moral authority to do so. A common theme throughout is the interrelation of writing and power against the background of Dio's firm commitment to Hellenism in the changed circumstances of Roman rule.
The Rural Landscape of the Late Empire
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the merchant Ibn Hauqal described the countryside of Egypt around the middle of the tenth century, the distribution of cash crops was dominated by a certain specialization, with Assouan (Syene) noted for its abundance of date palms, Ashmunein for flax, ‘Fayyum’ (the former Arsinoe) for fruit orchards and rice cultivation, Bahnasā (Oxyrhynchus) for its diversified textile industry, and so on.
A Late Antique Aristocracy
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Flavius Strategius I is the first landowner from a discernibly Byzantine tradition (in Rémondon’s sense of the aristocracy which he characterizes as ‘les hauts fonctionnaires latifondiaires’), other surviving exemplars of this group embody its essential features in an even purer form. But their connection with the Oxyrhynchite is worth emphasizing. With the appearance, in our evidence, of Strategius, Hardy’s suggestion that Count John, comes consistorii and governor of Arcadia in 488, was the ‘first Apion’ must certainly be rejected. Whatever his relation to the Apion family, he was not in the main line of descent which, as far as we can tell, must have passed directly from Strategius to Flavius Apion I, who was Praefectus praetorio orientis in 518. At any rate, the small archive of Count John preserves his full title and shows him to be an active participant in the running of his estate. The most illuminating agricultural document is P. Oxy.