bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High level expression of recombinant mumps nucleoprotein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its evaluation in mumps IgM serology
Authors: Samuel Dhanraj , Sasnauskas Kestutis , Jin Li , Beard Stuart , Zvirbliene Aurelija , Gedvilaite Alma , Cohen Bernard 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTo develop improved reagents for mumps serology a high‐level yeast expression system was employed to produce recombinant mumps nucleoprotein (rNP). The rNP was purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation and yielded approximately 15 mg/l of yeast culture. Electron microscopy of the rNP revealed characteristic herring‐bone structures. The electrophoretic mobility of rNP in yeast cells was similar to native NP in SDS‐PAGE. Monoclonal antibodies to rNP reacted with native mumps virus nucleoprotein by immunofluorescence assay. A monoclonal antibody to native mumps virus NP reacted with rNP by Western blot assay. The rNP was investigated as antigen in an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using a horseradish peroxidase conjugate of monoclonal antibody to the rNP. Eighteen sera previously found to be positive by IgM capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA) and 30 sera that were mumps IgM negative by MACRIA were tested by mumps IgM capture EIA. The results for the two test were concordant. In addition, 26 rheumatoid factor positive sera and 35 sera that were IgM positive for measles, rubella or parvovirus B19 were tested. Fifty‐nine sera were negative by mumps IgM capture EIA but two sera collected from two infants 3 and 6 weeks after mumps, measles and rubella vaccination were positive. Mumps MACRIA confirmed these results. Compared to MACRIA the overall sensitivity was 100% (20/20) and specificity was 96.8% (30/31). The yeast expressed rNP was highly immunogenic and suitable for use in IgM capture EIA for the diagnosis of mumps. J. Med. Virol. 66:123–130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of cyclonic disturbances over India and the adjacent ocean
Authors: Patwardhan S.K. , Bhalme H.N. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAnnual and seasonal frequencies of cyclonic disturbances that occurred over the area extending from 5°N to 30°N and 50°E to 100°E are examined for the period 1891–1998. The analysis revealed a significant decreasing trend in annual as well as seasonal frequency of cyclonic disturbances in the monsoon season, The frequency of cyclonic disturbances in the monsoon season also shows the typical quasi‐biennial oscillation. On the decadal time scale, frequencies in the monsoon season, as well as annual cyclonic disturbances, show a decreasing trend. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Correlation fields for solar radiation in northeast Brazil
Authors: Ceballos Juan Carlos , Monteiro De Souza Jaidete , Targino Dantas Admir Creso 
Published: September 2002

AbstractDaily data of solar irradiation were used for analysing spatial decrease of correlation coefficients within northeast Brazil (a region extending over more than l.5 million km2). Available data of the regional climatological network correspond to typical distances between stations of 150 km and more. Two 3‐month periods were chosen: March–April–May (MAM) and August–September–October (ASO) 1975. It was found that spatial distribution of correlation for daily irradiations does not allow linear interpolations based on network data. However, factor analysis of 5‐day means (particularly useful for agricultural purposes) allowed identification of four regions with internal similarity of time series behaviour, which is induced by the influence of typical meteorological systems. For this time‐scale, correlation coefficients may be 0.7 and higher at rather long distances (in some cases, more than 600 km), so that the climatological network can provide data for a detailed description of the regional distribution of mean irradiation. For shorter time and space scales, a too dense solarimetric network would be necessary, and the use of modern techniques using satellite monitoring over the region may be more appropriate. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Elemental δ13C at Allen's Cave, Nullarbor Plain, Australia: assessing post‐depositional disturbance and reconstructing past environments
Authors: Turney C. S. M. , Bird M. I. , Roberts R. G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe degree to which post‐depositional disturbance can be assessed in archaeological sequences is critical for the development of robust chronologies for such deposits. A common approach is the identification of conjoined artefacts distributed through the sequence as a measure of disturbance following deposition, although this method is relatively labour intensive and does not provide a continuous record of disturbance through the entire sequence. Here we present δ13C values for different size fractions (<125 and >125 µm) of chemically resistant charcoal distributed through a sedimentary profile at Allen's Cave, South Australia. The curves generated from both size fractions parallel one another, indicating minimal disturbance through the entire profile and providing greater confidence in the luminescence and radiocarbon chronologies reported previously for the site. In addition, the elemental δ13C values provide an indication of greater aridity (compared with present) persisting in this area from ca. 45 to 12 ka, consistent with other proxy records. The onset of the Holocene is marked by a shift to wetter conditions, probably as a result of post‐glacial marine transgression and closer proximity to the coastline. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marketing information systems in tourism and hospitality small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises: a study of Internet use for market intelligence
Authors: Wood Emma 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the nature of marketing information systems (MkIS) within small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and focuses on the importance of external information and market intelligence. The sources of market intelligence are investigated with particular emphasis on understanding the usefulness of the Internet for external information gathering. The empirical research to support the study uses survey methods to investigate marketing information systems, market intelligence and Internet use within hospitality and tourism SMEs in the Yorkshire and Humber region.The findings indicate that SMEs in this sector make use of informal marketing information systems which mainly concentrate on internal and immediate operating environment data. Important wider market intelligence is underutilised owing mainly to the resource constraints of these smaller businesses. The Internet has not yet been recognised as an important source for market intelligence despite having the benefits of providing much of the necessary data more quickly and at a lower cost than many other sources. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes by tetrabutylammonium tribromide
Authors: Baghmar Manju , Sharma Pradeep K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe oxidation of six aliphatic aldehydes by tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) in aqueous acetic acid resulted in the formation of corresponding carboxylic acids. The reaction is first order with respect to TBATB and the aldehydes. The oxidation of deuteriated acetaldehyde (MeCDO) showed the presence of substantial kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.92 at 298 K). Addition of tetrabutylammonium chloride has no effect on the reaction rate. Tribromide ion has been proposed as the reactive oxidizing species. The rate constants correlate well with Taft's σ* values, the reaction constant being negative. A mechanism involving a hydride‐ion transfer from the aldehyde hydrate to the oxidant in the rate‐determining step has been suggested. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 390–395, 2001
Gas‐phase pyrolysis in organic synthesis. Part 3: Novel cyclization of 2‐arylhydrazonopropanals into cinnolines1
Authors: Kumar Ajith , Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Elnagdi Mohamed H. , Ibrahim Yehia A. , Kaul Kamini 
Published: September 2002

Abstract3‐oxo‐3‐aryl‐2‐arylhydrazonopropanals (1) have been converted under thermal gas‐phase conditions cleanly into cinnolines (2). A plausible mechanism is suggested to account for this transformation based on the kinetics and products of reaction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 402–406, 2001
Rate constants for the reactions of HCCCO and NCCO radicals with molecular oxygen
Authors: Imamura Takashi , Washida Nobuaki 
Published: September 2002

AbstractReactions of HCCCO and NCCO radicals with O2 have been studied by a combination of pulsed laser photolysis and photoionization mass spectrometry. HCCCO was produced by 193‐nm photolysis of methylpropiolate or 3‐butyn‐2‐one, and NCCO was formed by 193‐nm photolysis of acetylcyanide. The rate constants obtained at 298 ± 3 K were (6.5 ± 0.7) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for the HCCCO + O2 reaction, and no pressure dependence was observed between 1.5 and 16 Torr of N2 as a bath gas. Because HCO and HCCO radicals were observed as reaction products, it was confirmed that the reaction proceeds by a two‐body reaction. On the other hand, the rate constants of NCCO with O2 depended on the total pressure and were (5.4–8.8) × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for total pressures 2.0–15.5 Torr of N2, confirming that the reaction proceeds by a three‐body process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 440–448, 2001
Reactions in microemulsion media: Schiff bases with targeting/anchoring module as kinetic sensors to map the polarity pocket of a microemulsion droplet
Authors: Mishra B. K. , Patel Namita , Dash P. K. , Behera G. B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe hydrolysis of some tailor‐made Schiff bases having flexible spacers between aldimine groups and alkoxy groups at ortho (o) or para (p) position in the benzene ring has been investigated in microemulsion media. The kinetic data of acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis in anionic (sodium lauryl sulphate: NaLS) and cationic (cetyltrimethyl ammoniumbromide: CTAB) microemulsion media have been explained considering the localization of the Schiff bases at various probable pockets of the microemulsion droplet. The results are in conformity to the solubilization studies of the reported Schiff bases in microemulsions (Dash et al., Spectrochim Acta 1996, 52A, 349). The change in reactivity due to change in the spacer length and position of the alkoxy group in the Schiff bases has been rationalized on the basis of localization sites of the reaction center at different polarity pockets of the reaction media. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 458–464, 2001
Microsurgical repair after crush‐avulsion injury of the femoral vein in rats: Prevention of microvascular thrombosis with recombinant human tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA)
Authors: Lykoudis Efstathios G. , Contodimos George B. , Tsoutsos Dimosthenis A. , Frangia Konstantina B. , Papalois Apostolos E. , Stamatopoulos Constantinos N. , Ioannovich John D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractVein thrombosis is often encountered in microsurgery, especially in the case of crush‐avulsion injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic administration of recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) on the patency of the femoral vein of the rat, which had previously sustained a crush‐avulsion injury. The study consisted of 3 groups of male Wistar rats, 20 animals each. A standardized crush‐avulsion injury model was used. After microvascular repair of the femoral vein, the animals received either normal saline (group A), heparin 100 U/kg body weight (group B), or rt‐PA 3.5 mg/kg body weight (group C) systemically. Patency tests were performed at 20 minutes, 48 hours, and 1 week after blood flow reestablishment. According to our results, the patency rate of the rt‐PA group was significantly higher than in both the control and heparin groups. © 2001 Wiley Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:357–361, 2001
Responses of a parasitic protozoan to osmotic stress
Authors: Blum J. Joseph 
Published: September 2002

AbstractLeishmania major and L. donovani are parasitic protozoa that cause serious disease throughout the tropical and sub‐tropical regions of the world. They respond rapidly to osmotic stress. A sudden increase in osmolality causes a change in cell shape and an inhibition of the rates of oxidation of alanine, proline, and several other nutrients. A sudden decrease in osmolality also causes a change in shape (swelling) and extrusion of alanine and several other amino acids and of Na and Cl. The rate of release of amino acids in response to acute hypo‐osmolality is closely fit by a two exponential equation under a variety of conditions, such as the presence of activators or inhibitors of certain protein kinases and protein phospahatases and of arachidonic acid. These results are consistent with evidence suggesting the presence of two pools of alanine in Leishmania. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifiability and stability results of one emerging crack in heterogeneous media by one boundary measurements
Authors: Nicaise Serge , Zaïr Ouahiba 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe consider the inverse problem of determining one emerging crack in a plane heterogeneous medium. We show that one measurement on a part of the boundary with appropriate flux uniquely determines such a crack. We further establish a local Lipschitz continuity result. At the end, we give an approximation result for the nonstationary heat equation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The three‐dimensional motion of slender filaments
Authors: Gueron Shay , Levit‐Gurevich Konstantin 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper models the dynamics of a three‐dimensional inextensible filament, as a function of a given velocity distribution along its centreline. This geometric problem has various applications in physics, engineering and biology, e.g. the dynamics of vortex lines, the motion of bacterial flagella, and the motion of eukaryotic cilia and flagella.A previously proposed solution to the problem used time evolution equations for the centreline of the filament, which were expressed in the Frenet co‐ordinate system. Unfortunately, this approach is limited because singularities occur when the filament straightens, even partially. To overcome the singularity problem we express the dynamics of the filament in a different intrinsic co‐ordinate system, named ‘body co‐ordinates’. This also enables us to take into account the twisting motion of the filament.We apply our method to simulate three‐dimensional motion of cilia, while taking into account the hydrodynamic effect of the flat surface from which they emerge and the hydrodynamic interactions between the cilia. This is the first model that enables robust and consistent simulations of three‐dimensional ciliary motion with non‐local hydrodynamics, at a computational cost which is comparable with that of the planar model. We provide here a complete and detailed description and derivation of our model equations together with all the necessary details for numerical implementation, hoping that this modelling template would become a useful tool for further studies of the internal mechanism of cilia and flagella. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An iterative domain decomposition method for waveguide problems
Authors: Zhu H. Q. , Long Y. , Luk K. M. , Wu Z. D. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn absorbing fictitious boundary condition (FBC) is presented to generate an iterative domain decomposition method (DDM) for analyzing waveguide problems. The FBC for connecting the subdomains on a fictitious boundary is developed according to the actual field distribution in the waveguide to ensure the propagation of waves between adjacent subdomains. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed iterative algorithm can acquire a convergent solution accurately. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 252–254, 2001.
Impact of the contact nature on the microwave behavior of optically controlled passive components
Authors: Ahouassa P. , Boussey J. , Bouthinon M. , Vilcot A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe photoinduced load obtained by illuminating the open end of a microstrip line on a semiconductor substrate is reported to be dependent on the nature of the metal/semiconductor contact. We have used the R//C model to study the photoinduced behavior according to the applied dc voltages, optical powers, and microwave signal frequency. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 257–261, 2001.
An adaptive predistortion linearizer using a digital signal processor
Authors: Min Yikyu , Lee Sehyun , Lee Sangseol 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis paper presents the new architecture of an adaptive predistortion linearizer. In the proposed linearizer, most of the processes, including the predistortion, are performed with a digital signal processor (DSP). The recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is employed for the optimization process to minimize the errors between the predistorter and postdistorter output signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the spectral spreading is reduced by about 30 dB. The convergence and reconvergence performance of the linearizer is also satisfactory. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 283–286, 2001.
Susceptibility‐induced T2‐shortening and unrestricted diffusion
Authors: Gossuin Yves , Gillis Pierre , Lo Bue Francesco 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this work, discrepancies between recent theories for susceptibility‐induced T2‐shortening and classical results, namely outer sphere theory and diffusion through local fields with random gradients, are considered. These discrepancies are assigned to the use of unrestricted diffusion in the new theories. Magn Reson Med 47:194–195, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single‐shot diffusion trace 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: de Graaf Robin A. , Braun Kees P.J. , Nicolay Klaas 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIgnoring diffusion anisotropy can severely hamper the quantitative determination of water and metabolite diffusion in complex tissues. The measurement of the trace of the diffusion tensor provides unambiguous and rotationally invariant ADC values, but usually requires three separate experiments. A single‐shot technique developed earlier, originally designed for diffusion trace MR imaging (Mori and van Zijl, Magn Reson Med 1995;33:41–52), was improved and adapted for diffusion trace MR spectroscopy. A double spin‐echo pulse sequence was incorporated with four pairs of bipolar gradients with specific predetermined relative signs in each of the three orthogonal directions. The combination of gradient directions leads to cancellation of all off‐diagonal tensor elements while constructively adding the diagonal elements. Furthermore, the pulse scheme provides complete compensation for cross‐terms between static magnetic field gradients and the applied diffusion gradients, while simultaneously avoiding cross‐terms with localization gradients. The sequence was tested at 4.7 T in vivo on rat brain for MRI and on rat skeletal muscle and brain for MRS. It is shown that the average ADC as determined from the measurement of the ADCs in the three orthogonal directions is in close agreement with the ADC obtained along the trace of the diffusion tensor in a single acquisition, for both water and metabolite diffusion. The large differences in water and metabolite diffusion coefficients as measured in the individual orthogonal directions illustrate the need for diffusion trace measurements when accurate and rotationally invariant diffusion quantitation is required. The pulse scheme presented here may be applied for such purposes in MRS and MRI studies. Magn Reson Med 45:741–748, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of incremental with multipoint MUNE methods in transgenic ALS mice
Authors: Shefner Jeremy M. , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Brown Robert H. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSeveral methods of motor unit number estimation (MUNE) are in current use. Uncertainty still exists about which is preferable and how results obtained from one method compare to another. We studied changes with MUNE over time in the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), using both incremental and multipoint methods. This mouse model of motor neuron degeneration is highly consistent, with a monotonic decline in motor neuron number starting at approximately 60 days of life. Five mice were studied four times each, starting at day 60 of life and approximately every 20 days thereafter, using both methods. Results were quite comparable for both methods, with the incremental method yielding slightly higher estimates of motor unit size, and hence smaller MUNEs. Correlations between the two methods were 0.71 for single motor unit action potential (SMUAP) amplitude and 0.95 for MUNE. In this model, therefore, both MUNE methods yield similar estimates and are equally effective at documenting progression of a lower motor neuron disorder. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 39–42, 2002
Comparison of quantitative techniques in anal sphincter electromyography
Authors: Podnar Simon , Vodušek David B. , Stålberg Erik 
Published: September 2002

AbstractData comparing results and utility of different quantitative electromyographic (EMG) techniques are limited. In the present study, we analyzed the EMG signal from the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscle using three techniques of motor unit potential (MUP) analysis, and a technique of interference pattern (IP) analysis. We examined 56 patients with damage to the cauda equina or conus medullaris, and 64 control subjects. Using manual‐MUP and multi‐MUP analysis about 20 MUPs, using a single‐MUP technique about 10 MUPs, and using turn/amplitude (T/A) analysis about 20 IP samples were obtained. The sensitivities of these techniques in distinguishing neuropathic from control muscles were calculated. The single‐MUP technique detected 63%, manual‐MUP 57%, and multi‐MUP analysis 62% of neuropathic muscles, and MUP parameters obtained by each of these differed significantly from the other. The sensitivity of T/A analysis of IP was 29%. Our results confirm the need for separate MUP normative data for each of the MUP analysis techniques, and favor them over the IP analysis technique. The normative data presented for the EAS muscle should improve and promote quantitative EMG in patients. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 83–92, 2002