bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The public‐health significance of far‐UVC‐induced indoor ozone and its associated secondary chemistry
Authors: Brenner David J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere has been much recent interest in whole‐room far‐UVC (wavelength around 222 nm) to markedly and safely reduce overall levels of airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations. Far‐UVC light produces very low levels of ozone—in real‐world scenarios induced ozone levels of less than 10 ppb, and much less in moderately or well‐ventilated rooms compliant with US far‐UVC dose recommendations, and very much less in rooms compliant with international far‐UVC dose standards. At these very low ozone levels, there is no epidemiological evidence of increased health risks from any of the very large outdoor ozone studies, whether from ozone alone or from ozone plus associated pollutants. Indoors, at the low ozone concentrations of relevance here, ozone does not react rapidly enough with preexisting airborne volatile organic compounds to compete with even extremely low levels of room ventilation, so significant ozone‐induced ultrafine particle production is very unlikely. Direct measurements in real‐life room scenarios are consistent with these conclusions. A potential exception is the cleaning material limonene, which has an unusually high ozone interaction cross‐section; in the far‐UVC context, turning off far‐UVC lights during cleaning with limonene products would be reasonable.
The CAP: Your resource for artificial intelligence information
Authors: Volk Emily E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly studied and implemented in some pathology departments; but how might AI models help change medicine? While technology leaders are calling for a pause on developing AI systems until there is greater confidence “that their effects will be positive and their risks will be manageable,” (Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. March 22, 2023. https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/) could breakthrough innovations in AI make medicine and physicians better? (There's One Hard Question My Fellow Doctors and I Will Need to Answer Soon. July 6, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/opinion/artificial-intelligence-medicine-healthcare.html) This discussion will provide an overview of AI, its current role in pathology practice, what pathologists need to know, and what the College of American Pathologists is doing for pathologists in this area.
Characterization and pathogenicity of Pratylenchus vandenbergae stat. nov. (Tylenchina: Pratylenchidae), a highly pathogenic root‐lesion nematode parasitizing crops in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Wanjau Cecilia , Knoetze Rinus , Girgan Chantelle , Pili Njira Njira , Engelbrecht Gerhard , Couvreur Marjolein , Bert Wim 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA highly fecund root‐lesion nematode parasitizing a variety of crops was discovered and found to be widespread in Kenya and South Africa. These populations were molecularly identical to Pratylenchus teres teres and P. teres vandenbergae based on D2‐D3 of 28S rDNA and Hsp90 sequences. However, based on morphological differences with the original description of P. teres and its different geographical distribution, Pratylenchus vandenbergae stat. nov., previously known as subspecies P. teres vandenbergae, is recognized as a separate species. This species is characterized by a slightly offset labial region with three annuli, en face morphology belonging to Group II, lateral field with four incisures with two outer bands areolated as observed under a light microscope and the inner band also partially areolated at the vulva region as observed in scanning electron microscopy view, a robust stylet (14–17 μm) with rounded knobs and subcylindrical tail with annulated tail tip. This important and common species remained largely under the radar, probably due to identifications based only on sequence similarity, including mislabelled Pratylenchus bolivianus sequences in GenBank. Pathogenicity of P. vandenbergae stat. nov. in finger millet roots was confirmed through acid fuchsin staining, and reproduction and pathogenicity tests in maize, soybean, sunflower and tomato plants demonstrated its capacity to affect crop growth. Life cycle comparison with P. penetrans in vitro showed a similar life cycle length but significantly higher fecundity. Finally, significant differences in pathogenicity and reproduction of P. vandenbergae stat. nov. were found both at genotype level (finger millet genotypes OKHALE‐1 & KNE1034) and crop level (maize, soybean, sunflower and tomato plants).
An Approach to the Lexical Ambiguity Caused by False Cognates in Spanish L2. a Corpus‐Based Exploratory Study
Authors: Sampedro Mella María 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis exploratory study aims to offer new insights into the lexical ambiguity in the interlanguage arising from the use of false cognates. The study is based on written texts from two learners' corpora. Utterances including false cognates were retrieved from both corpora and presented to two groups of native speakers who assessed their correctness and stated whether or not they were ambiguous. While the first group was informed beforehand that the sentences had been produced by non‐native speakers (as well as the meaning of the false cognates in their L1), the second group had no information regarding the speakers who wrote them. The goal of this analysis is to shed light on the different perceptions that can arise from native vs. non‐native speakers' productions, focusing on lexical ambiguity.
Residency spiral concussion curriculum design
Authors: Kam Alice Sau Han , Zhao George , Huang Ching‐Lung , Husain Aisha , Nyhof‐Young Joyce , Summers Alyson , Fernandez Nicolas , Richardson Denyse 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundResident‐focused concussion curricula that measure learner behaviours are currently unavailable. We sought to fill this gap by developing and iteratively implementing a Spiral Integrated Concussion Curriculum (SICC).ApproachProgramme elements of the concussion curriculum include academic half‐days (AHDs) and three half‐day clinics for first‐ and second‐year family medicine residents. Our SICC utilises social cognitive learning principles, the constructivism paradigm and utilisation‐focused evaluation.EvaluationA mixed‐method evaluation with a pre‐/post‐test design and interviews was utilised. Surveys and knowledge tests were used to measure knowledge and confidence pre‐AHD and 6 months post‐AHD. Interviews at 6 months explored programme perception and behaviour change. Of the 141 programme attendees, 114 (80%) participated in the pre‐intervention knowledge test and 33 completed the pre‐ and post‐AHD test. Immediate pre‐/post‐testing demonstrated statistically significant improvement in knowledge (p = 0.042). At 6 months post‐AHD, residents in Cycle 1 (n = 5) had a knowledge decrease of 3.33% (p > 0.05). Residents in Cycle 2 (n = 7) had a knowledge increase of 11.6% (p > 0.05). Both cycles of residents had an increase in confidence (Cycle 1: 65.0% [p = 0.025]; Cycle 2: 62.8% [p = 0.0014]). Residents (5 out of 6) reported positive behavioural changes at 6 months. Valued programme elements included concussion diagnosis and management, the self‐study guide resource and the organised structure.ImplicationsThe SICC enriched these residents' learning and fostered sustained knowledge improvement and behavioural change at 6 months post‐intervention. This approach may provide a workable design for future competency‐based curriculum development.
Complications and influence of cutaneous closure technique on subdermal plexus flaps in 97 dogs (2006–2022)
Authors: Logothetou Vasileia , L'Eplattenier Henry , Shimizu Naomi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and severity of complications for subdermal plexus flaps in dogs and compare the complications when using sutures or staples for cutaneous closure of subdermal plexus flaps.Study designRetrospective monocentric study.Sample populationNinety‐seven client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs that underwent wound reconstruction using subdermal plexus flaps were retrospectively identified. Type of flap, cutaneous closure technique, complications and level of complication associated with their use were recorded. Follow‐up was considered adequate if it was more than 10 days postoperatively or until a complication occurred.ResultsComplications were seen in 52 dogs (53.6%), of which 13/18 (72.2%) of dogs had cutaneous closure with skin staples versus 39/79 (49.3%) with skin sutures. The location of the mass/wound on the head and use of an advancement flap was associated with lower incidence of complications (p < .001; p = .018 respectively). Location of the mass/wound on the proximal pelvic limb was associated with a low level of complications (p = .01) on univariable analysis only. On multivariable analysis, only an increased bodyweight was associated with an increased incidence of complications (p = .029).ConclusionsIncreased weight may be associated with an increased risk of complications with subdermal plexus flaps. No risk factor was found to be associated with the severity of complications.Clinical significanceOverall incidence of complications for subdermal plexus flaps in dogs in this study was 53.6%. The number of dogs included in the study was not sufficient to assess if the skin closure technique affects the incidence of complications.
Secretome of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and its extracellular vesicles improves keratinocytes migration, viability, and attenuation of H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Bastidas Juliana Girón , Maurmann Natasha , Scholl Juliete Nathali , Weber Augusto Ferreira , Silveira Raíssa Padilha , Figueiró Fabricio , Stimamiglio Marco Augusto , Marcon Bruna , Correa Alejandro , Pranke Patricia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTherapies for wound healing using the secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs) of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been shown to be successful in preclinical studies. This study aimed to characterise the protein content of the secretome from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and analyse the in vitro effects of SHED‐conditioned medium (SHED‐CM) and SHED extracellular vesicles (SHED‐EVs) on keratinocytes. EVs were isolated and characterised. The keratinocyte viability and migration of cells treated with SHED‐EVs and conditioned medium (CM) were evaluated. An HaCaT apoptosis model induced by H2O2 in vitro was performed with H2O2 followed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and live/dead assays. Finally, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in keratinocytes treated with secretome and EVs was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and confirmed with RT‐qPCR. SHED‐EVs revealed a cup‐shaped morphology with expression of the classical markers for exosomes CD9 and CD63, and a diameter of 181 ± 87 nm. The internalisation of EVs by HaCaT cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Proteomic analysis identified that SHED‐CM is enriched with proteins related to stress response and development, including cytokines (CXCL8, IL‐6, CSF1, CCL2) and growth factors (IGF2, MYDGF, PDGF). The results also indicated that 50% CM and 0.4–0.6 μg/mL EVs were similarly efficient for improving keratinocyte viability, migration, and attenuation of H2O2‐induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, expression of VEGF on keratinocytes increased when treated with SHED secretome and EVs. Furthermore, VEGF gene expression in keratinocytes increased significantly when treated with SHED secretome and EVs. Both SHED‐CM and SHED‐EVs may therefore be promising therapeutic tools for accelerating re‐epithelialization in wound healing.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: December 2023

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4 Ali Darub Al-Hiyali, University of Anbar, IraqFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyOmer Allagabo Omer Mustafa, Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences., SudanRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaShaoshu LI, Cornell University, USAZuzana Janko, San Francisco State University, USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Effect of RIBS/FINS and Aspect Ratio on Flow Boiling Characteristics in Conventional Channels
Authors: Madan K. , Sathyabhama A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, experiments are conducted with conventional rectangular channels of two different aspect ratios (AR = w/d) for the horizontal boiling flow conditions at atmospheric pressure. Distilled water was used as the working substance. The heat transfer coefficients (HTC) were measured for mass fluxes and heat fluxes ranging from 85.94 kg/m2-s to 343.77 kg/m2-s and 10 kW/m2 to 100 kW/m2, respectively, and at inlet subcooled temperatures of 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K. Visualization of the boiling phenomenon was done using a high-speed camera for the two channels under similar conditions. The results show that the AR has a dominant effect on the HTC. At low heat flux values, higher HTC was noticed for the channel of higher AR (AR = 1.25) whereas, at high heat flux conditions, the HTC is higher for the channel of lower AR (AR = 0.2). With an increase in inlet subcooled temperature, the HTC decreased for both channels due to increased thermal boundary layer thickness and reduced bubble formation. Further, the channel of AR = 1.25 with ribs/fins performed better than the smooth channel due to the high bubble nucleation rate.
Hierarchical Iterative Learning Control for a Class of Distributed Hierarchical Systems
Authors: Igram Spencer , Alleyne Andrew G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work examines a class of distributed linear systems that fit a tree type of hierarchical structure. Therefore, unidirectional information flow from a subsystem higher in the hierarchy impacts subsystems lower in the hierarchy. While prior efforts at control focused on feedback solutions to these systems, this effort introduces Iterative Learning Control as a feedforward controller. This is termed hierarchical iterative learning control (HILC). This HILC can be implemented in parallel with feedback algorithms or can be used in a series feedforward manner assuming stable, or stabilized, subsystems. An augmentation of the standard learning update operators provides stability and monotonic convergence for the proposed approach. A simulation case study highlights the performance of the proposed design approach.
A Study of Shock-Induced Transient Jets: The Impact of Exit Conditions on Mach Disk and Vortex Ring
Authors: V. Vinod , Rao Divya , Chandrala Lakshmana Dora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigate the effect of exit pressure history on the flow characteristics of underexpanded transient jets. Using both experiments and numerical simulations, we study the dynamics of shock-cell and vortex structures within these jets. A shock tube with an open-ended configuration allows us to generate transient jets by adjusting the diaphragm pressure ratio and the length of the driver section. Our results indicate that when the shock Mach number exceeds 1.6, a Mach disk forms, indicating a highly underexpanded transient jet at the exit of the shock tube. A distinguishing feature of this jet is the emergence of counter-rotating vortex rings (CRVRs) alongside the initial primary vortex ring. Our findings reveal a substantial influence of both the amplitude and duration of the peak exit pressure on the characteristics of the Mach disk and vortex ring. Notably, the characteristics of the primary vortex ring exhibit significant sensitivity to the formation and evolution of CRVRs. In cases of continuously decreasing exit pressure, the Mach disk follows a consistent self-similar decay pattern, regardless of the peak exit pressure magnitude. Finally, we present an empirical relationship between exit pressure and the characteristics of the Mach disk. In summary, this research provides insight into the complex interaction between the exit pressure history and the flow characteristics in underexpanded transient jets.
Improving Three-Dimensional Synthetic Jet Modeling in a Crossflow
Authors: Ho Howard Haonan , Essel Ebenezer Ekow , Sullivan Pierre Edward 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Three different circular synthetic jet modeling inlet conditions are studied for a turbulent crossflow. The study examines the differences when modeling the whole synthetic jet actuators (SJA), neck-only or jet-slot-only under constant actuation frequency (f = 300 Hz), and crossflow blowing ratio (CB = 0.67). Phase-averaged and time-averaged results reveal that both whole SJA and neck-only methods generated nearly identical flow fields. For the neck-only case, a notable reduction in computational cost is achieved through the implementation of an analytical jet profile. The jet-slot-only method, on the other hand, introduces reversed flow during the ingestion cycle, leading to the injection of false-momentum into the crossflow. However, the false-momentum primarily affects the flow immediately downstream of the jet exit, with the boundary layer profile recovering rapidly. A parametric study highlights the importance of maintaining a volume ratio less than 1 of ingested to modeled neck volume to prevent the creation of false-momentum.
Loss-of-function mutations in
ndh
do not confer delamanid, ethionamide, isoniazid, or pretomanid resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pandey Sushil , Vilchèze Catherine , Werngren Jim , Bainomugisa Arnold , Mansjö Mikael , Groenheit Ramona , Miotto Paolo , Cirillo Daniela M. , Coulter Christopher , Baulard Alain R. , Schön Thomas , Jacobs William R. , Djaout Kamel , Köser Claudio U. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Results from clinical strains and knockouts of the H37Rv and CDC1551 laboratory strains demonstrated that
ndh
(
Rv1854c
) is not a resistance-conferring gene for isoniazid, ethionamide, delamanid, or pretomanid in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. This difference in the susceptibility to NAD-adduct-forming drugs compared with other mycobacteria may be driven by differences in the absolute intrabacterial NADH concentration.
Performance assessment of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of difficult-to-identify viridans group streptococci
Authors: Wan Tsai-Wen , Lee Tai-Fen , Chen Xiang-Jun , Hunag Yun-Tsung , Teng Lee-Jene , Hsueh Po-Ren , Chiu Hao-Chieh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Differentiating
Streptococcus pneumoniae
among nonpneumococcal viridans group streptococci (VGS) is challenging in conventional laboratories. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the latest Bruker Biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system in identifying VGS by comparing the results to those of the specific gene sequencing approach. Clinical isolates were initially identified using the BD Phoenix system to identify
Streptococcus
species. The optochin test was used to distinguish nonpneumococcal VGS from
S. pneumoniae
. The species of individual reference strains and clinical isolates were determined by comparing the sequences of the 16S rDNA,
gyrB
,
sodA
,
groESL
, or
coaE
genes with those in the GenBank sequence databases. We evaluated the performance of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS in VGS identification using two different machines with three databases. We collected a total of 103 nonpneumococcal VGS and 29
S
.
pneumoniae
blood isolates at a medical center in northern Taiwan. Among these isolates, only seven could not be identified at the species level by the specific gene sequencing approach. We found that none of the nonpneumococcal VGS isolates were misidentified as pneumococci by the latest Biotyper system, and vice versa. However, certain strains, especially those in the mitis and bovis groups, could still not be correctly identified. The latest Bruker Biotyper 4.1 (DB_10833) showed significant improvement in identifying VGS strains. However, a specific gene sequencing test is still needed to precisely differentiate the species of strains in the mitis and bovis groups.
Classical swine fever virus NS5A protein activates autophagy via the PP2A-DAPK3-Beclin 1 axis
Authors: Sun Jinfu , Yu Haixiao , Wang Yingnan , Li Liming , Zhu Jinqi , Ma Ping , Feng Zezhong , Tu Changchun 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein NS5A is essential for viral genome replication, protein translation, virus assembly, and autophagy. In the present paper, the interaction of cellular PPP2R1A, PP2Ac, and DAPK3 with NS5A has been confirmed. These interactions mediate the dissociation of PP2A from Beclin 1 and its association with DAPK3. Downregulation of DAPK3 or PPP2R1A inhibits CSFV replication. NS5A induced phosphorylation of Ser88 (PK-15 cells) or Ser90 (HEK293T cells) on Beclin 1. Knockdown of Beclin 1 inhibited NS5A-induced autophagy, indicating that NS5A induces Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Downregulation of DAPK3, PPP2R1A, or PP2Ac by siRNA reduced Beclin 1 phosphorylation and autophagy mediated by NS5A, showing a critical role of PP2A and DAPK3 in Beclin 1 phosphorylation and autophagy triggered by NS5A.
In vitro
analysis of Beclin 1 phosphorylation revealed PP2A as being essential for DAPK3-mediated phosphorylation of Beclin 1, indicating that PP2A may dephosphorylate DAPK3 to activate its protein kinase activity, with activated DAPK3 phosphorylated Beclin 1, and then triggering autophagy. These data show for the first time that DAPK3 can be activated through dephosphorylation by PP2A. These findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby CSFV NS5A protein activates autophagy via PP2A-DAPK3-Beclin 1 axis to favor viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Autophagy is a conserved degradation process that maintains cellular homeostasis and regulates native and adaptive immunity. Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to inhibit or activate autophagy for their benefit. The paper reveals that CSFV NS5A mediates the dissociation of PP2A from Beclin 1 and the association of PP2A with DAPK3 by interaction with PPP2R1A and DAPK3, PP2A dephosphorylates DAPK3 to activate its protein kinase activity, and activated DAPK3 phosphorylates Beclin 1 to trigger autophagy, indicating that NS5A activates autophagy via the PP2A-DAPK3-Beclin 1 axis. These data highlight a novel mechanism by which CSFV activates autophagy to favor its replication, thereby contributing to the development of antiviral strategies.