bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes in pregnancy: from preconception to postnatal
Authors: O’Donnell Emer , Bisland Jennifer , Fincham Donna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDiabetes is a worldwide problem that has a growing prevalence. With advancing maternal age and rising rates of obesity, diabetes in pregnancy is on the rise. The complications it brings to antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care are causing an increase to maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.Two‐thirds of the women who died in the UK in pregnancy (2018–2020) were known to have a pre‐existing medical condition such as diabetes. This highlights the need for excellence in preconception care and counselling, to enable the optimisation of glycaemic control and therefore pregnancy outcomes.Without a multidisciplinary team approach, the optimisation of glycaemic management of these patients cannot occur, which will increase complications and therefore the overall financial burden to the NHS. Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons.
Resistance exercise in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: what clinicians need to know
Authors: Ruffell Joanne , Andrews Edward T 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe benefits of regular exercise in children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are undisputed. Although encouraged, the total amount of exercise in this cohort remains suboptimal, with uncertainty of glycaemic response a barrier to exercise involvement. The bulk of the exercise literature for T1D concentrates on aerobic activities, but resistance exercise (RE) must not be overlooked. There are many benefits of RE – including physiological, psychological, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular effects – and emerging evidence highlights the possible glucose‐stabilising impact for individuals with T1D. In this review we describe the evidence base for the safety and benefits of RE in CYP with T1D, alongside strategies for optimising glycaemic management when engaging in this exercise modality, to minimise perceived barriers. Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons.
Double trouble – men and obesity
Authors: DeVille‐Almond Jane 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe know that boys take more risks than girls,1 are six times more likely to have an accident, four times more likely to take their own life,2 and twice as likely not to seek medical health when they are unwell.3 Yet despite knowing men are less likely to engage in the health service, more likely to develop long‐term chronic disease and more likely to die earlier than women,4 we continue to offer services for our patients in a generic way.Men often have little opportunity to engage with health care professionals until they are sick. My ambition is to de‐medicalise men's health in primary care and develop more innovative, gender‐specific services, to capture men's attention. If we are trying to sell something, that men don’t realise they want, we should try and think about selling it in the same way other products are sold. We need to invest in innovation and social marketing. Copyright © 2024 John Wiley & Sons.
Sonographic imaging education for sonographers versus health professionals: A literature review
Authors: Stoodley Paul , Mason Glenn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSonographers are tertiary qualified health professionals who acquire, measure, and interpret diagnostic ultrasound images. Ultrasound is also used by many health professionals other than sonographers. As the imaging objectives of these two groups differs, and in the interest of enhancing education, we performed a literature review.MethodResearch questions drove the literature search that initially yielded >4,000 articles: subject and theme relevance checks reduced this to a final selection of 44. Based on dominant themes within articles, the final 44 were placed into 7 categories, 3 in ‘skills development’ and 4 in ‘educational methods’ domains. In each category, articles were grouped by research participant type: 1. Sonographer or 2. Health Professional, and citation frequency used to measure impact.ResultSix sonographer‐focused and 16 health professional focused articles were assigned to the skills development domain. The highest impact sonographer‐focused article emphasised psychomotor skills for optimal development, the highest impact health professional focused article centered on rapid image acquisition and interpretation. Six sonographer‐focused and 16 health professional focused articles were assigned to the educational methods domain. The highest impact sonographer‐focused article identified a limitation of high‐fidelity simulators, the highest impact health professional focused article cited a limitation of education delivery.ConclusionDifferent sonographic imaging skills and educational methods are used for sonographers and health professionals. Sonographers utilise a wide range of imaging skills: teaching methods should be tailored accordingly. Health professionals rely on condensed imaging skills and standardised protocols: this requires a customised approach and may be enhanced by sonographer involvement.
Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of steel tube‐reinforced recycled aggregate concrete composite columns with steel bars
Authors: Niu Haicheng , Gao Jinlong , Li Bixia , Xie Shu , Ding Yahong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, five specimens were designed to test under monotonic static loading to study the axial compression performance of steel tube‐reinforced high‐strength recycled aggregate concrete composite columns with steel bars. The design parameters for these specimens include the type of concrete, the sectional shape of the steel tube (circular or square), and the internal structure of the core column, specifically the presence or absence of cross‐shaped tie bars in the square steel tube. The effects of different parameters on the axial load–displacement curve, bearing capacity, and ductility were analyzed. The test results show that the failure of all specimens was caused by the concrete cover spalling of outer reinforced concrete, which occurred after the longitudinal strain of the steel tube exceeded the yield strain. The ultimate bearing capacity of the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) specimen is higher than that of the natural aggregate concrete (NAC) specimen, but the latter has a more robust deformation performance. Furthermore, under the condition of the same steel tube cross‐sectional area and similar material strength, the bearing capacity and deformation capacity of specimens with circular steel tubes are higher than those of specimens with square steel tubes. A similar conclusion was also obtained for square steel tube specimens with cross‐shaped tie bars. Finally, four international design methods were applied to estimate the axial compression capacity of 40 composite columns, as detailed in this paper and other sources.
Anti-Poverty Transfers: Policy Successions with Little Success
Authors: Rahman Andaleeb , Pingali Prabhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIndian social welfare policy has traditionally considered poverty to be synonymous with hunger and famines in rural areas. Ongoing changes in the demographic and economic structure of the country, however, require a reorientation of anti-poverty policies toward the various emerging sources of poverty and vulnerability to foster a resilient development process. In this chapter, we identify the following key aspects of livelihood risks in the wake of India’s stunted structural transformation—smaller landholding size, low skill levels among workers, the dominance of informal employment, the slow pace of urbanization, and an aging population. We further suggest ways to adapt to these changing economic realities.
Welfare Reforms and the Leviathan State
Authors: Rahman Andaleeb , Pingali Prabhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractShould cash transfers replace targeted in-kind food transfers and public works program? Can making welfare provisions universally applicable make the program more effective? Would technological innovations help overcome implementational deficits in the welfare delivery systems? Why not introduce a singular program of universal basic income (UBI) as an alternative to the array of poorly implemented welfare schemes? But does India have the fiscal and organization capability to manage and fund an expansive set of social safety nets? Social safety net debates in the country are currently organized around these questions. In this chapter, we unpack the arguments and evidence on either side of the debate and offer suggestions for future policy.
Jugendliche Freizeitorte in Berlin – polyzentral oder segregiert?
Authors: Merten Moritz 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIm dritten Kapitel werden die für eine Großstadt typischen Merkmale ebenso wie die Besonderheiten Berlins herausgearbeitet. Dafür werden die physische und sozialräumliche Struktur der Stadt beschrieben und ihre Bedeutung für das räumliche Freizeitverhalten von Jugendlichen analysiert. Auch die jugendbezogene Infrastruktur Berlins und ihre räumliche Verteilung werden eingehend betrachtet. Es folgt die Zusammenfassung bestehender empirischer Befunde zu Jugendlichen und Aktivitätsräumen in Berlin. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden abschließend genutzt, um die im vorangegangenen Kapitel aufgestellten Hypothesen anzupassen und zu erweitern.
Die Wahrnehmung von Stadträumen – präferierte und gemiedene Orte
Authors: Merten Moritz 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIm zweiten empirischen Teil, dem sechsten Kapitel, werden die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Forschungsphase dargelegt. Zunächst werden die herausgearbeiteten Typen jugendlichen Freizeitverhaltens vorgestellt und mithilfe beispielhafter Porträts einzelner Interviewpartner*innen veranschaulicht. Entlang offener Fragen aus der quantitativen Forschungsphase werden danach die Interviews ausgewertet, um die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Erhebung zu vertiefen. Den Abschluss bildet ein zusammenfassendes Unterkapitel.
Skalierungseffekte in einer Fließstrecke mit deklinanten Buhnen in Modellversuchen mit den Maßstäben 1:1 und 1:5
Authors: Sindelar Christine , Lichtneger Petr , Buchinger Matthias , Worf Dominik , Pessenlehner Sebastian , Habersack Helmut 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie befasst sich mit Skalierungseffekten anhand einer Modellfamilie. Zwei Versuchsanordnungen in den Maßstäben 1:1 und 1:5 wurden untersucht, die bis auf den Maßstab gleich waren. Aufgrund der Skalierung nach Froude-Ähnlichkeit waren die Reynolds-Zahlen in der Größenordnung 105für den Maßstab 1:5 und 106für den Naturmaßstab. In einer gerade Fließstrecke mit einer Kiessohle wurden linksufrig vier deklinante Buhnen angeordnet. Die Buhnen waren leicht überströmt. Es wurden zeitaufgelöste 3D-Geschwindigkeiten gemessen, woraus zeitlich gemittelte Geschwindigkeiten und die turbulente kinetische Energie (TKE) berechnet und anschließend normiert wurden. In Übereinstimmung mit früheren Studien und einer komplementären numerischen Studie zeigte sich, dass die zeitlich gemittelten Geschwindigkeiten in Hauptfließrichtung gut in den beiden untersuchten Maßstäben übereinstimmten. Die normierte TKE hingegen wies deutliche Unterschiede in den beiden Maßstäben auf. Sie war im Maßstab 1:1 größer als im Maßstab 1:5. Besonders groß waren die Unterschiede im Bereich hinter der Buhne, wo sich die Strömung ablöste. Dies ist ein starkes Indiz für einen Skalierungseffekt aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Reynolds-Zahlen. Die Reynolds-Zahlen der Studie lagen in einem Bereich, in dem sich häufig das Widerstandsverhalten umströmter Körper ändert. Das liefert eine Erklärung, warum sich die Unterschiede in TKE vor allem im Bereich des Buhnenfelds zeigten.Die Studie unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit von 1:1-Versuchen, wenn turbulente Vorgänge oder das Widerstandsverhalten umströmter Körper oder der Sedimenttransport eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Das neue BOKU-Wasserbaulabor bietet mit Durchflüssen bis zu 10 m3/s ideale und einzigartige Voraussetzungen für (nahe) 1:1-Versuche.
Lq-norm multiple kernel fusion regression for self-cleansing sediment transport
Authors: Safari Mir Jafar Sadegh , Rahimzadeh Arashloo Shervin , Kohandel Gargari Mehrnoush 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExperimental and modeling studies have been conducted to develop an approach for self-cleansing rigid boundary open channel design such as drainage and sewer systems. Self-cleansing experiments in the literature are mostly performed on circular channel cross-section, while a few studies considered self-cleansing sediment transport in small rectangular channels. Experiments in this study were carried out in a rectangular channel with a length of 12.5 m, a width of 0.6 m, a depth of 0.7 m and having an automatic control system for regulating channel slope, discharge and sediment rate. Behind utilizing collected experimental data in this study, existing data in the literature for rectangular channels are used to develop self-cleansing models applicable for channel design. Through the modeling procedure, this study recommends Lq-norm multiple kernel fusion regression (LMKFR) techniques for self-cleansing sediment transport. The LMKFR is a regression technique based on the regularized kernel regression method which benefits from the combination of multiple information sources to improve the performance using the Lq-norm multiple kernel learning framework. The results obtained by LMKFR are compared to support vector regression benchmark and existing conventional regression self-cleansing sediment transport models in the literature for rectangular channels. The superiority of LMKFR is illustrated in an accurate modeling as compared with its alternatives in terms of various statistical error measurement criteria. The encouraging results of LMKFR can be linked to utilization of several kernels which are fused effectively using an Lq-norm prior that captures the intrinsic sparsity of the problem at hand. Promising performance of LMKFR technique in this study suggests it as an effective technique to be examined in similar environmental, hydrological and hydraulic problems.
Attachment-based Prevention Program Involving Mothers and Fathers: Seven-year Post-Intervention Outcomes of a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Walter Isabelle , Quehenberger Julia , Landers Swinde , Brisch Karl Heinz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effects of a holistic attachment-based primary prevention program (SAFE), which is aimed at fathers and mothers during the transition to parenthood, were assessed over the 7-year post-intervention follow-up of a randomized control trial. A non-clinical German sample was included in the trial (fathers:n= 58, mothers:n= 71; children:n= 72). The children’s mean age was 7.30 years (SD= 0.41) and their attachment representations were assessed using a doll play procedure. Among the group of insecure mothers (n= 58), significantly more children (50%) in the SAFE group displayed a secure attachment representation compared to the control group (25%). No children of mothers with unresolved trauma displayed a disorganized attachment representation. In the parent domain, the increase in couple discord over time perceived by the SAFE mothers was significantly lower than that for the mothers in the control group. Furthermore, mothers in the SAFE group reported significantly higher partnership quality than the control mothers. The perceived benefits of the programs were significantly higher, in multiple domains, among SAFE fathers and mothers compared to control parents. The effect sizes were medium to large. Even after 7 years, program participation continues to have a positive impact on the children, and their fathers and mothers. The most important implication of this study for clinical practice is the need to support mothers with insecure or unresolved trauma in order to promote healthy child development. In addition, we think that it is important to support both parents during the transition to parenthood. TRN: DRKS00017050 (retrospectively registered, March, 28th 2019)
A Comparative Analysis of Spiritual Care Needs Among Cancer Patients Receiving Home Care and Their Caregivers in Turkey
Authors: Üstündağ Sema , Çekiç Yasemin , Kurtoğlu Yasemin , Ünver Gamze 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine and compare the spiritual care needs of cancer patients and their caregivers. A comparative descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed in this study. The study comprised 102 patients who were registered in the hospital’s home care unit, as well as their caregivers (total number = 204). The data were collected using a personal information form and the Spiritual Care Needs Inventory. The cancer patients had a mean age of 69.5 years, while their caregivers’ mean age was 53.1 years. According to the results, the cancer patients needed more spiritual care than their caregivers (p < 0.01). Patients’ spiritual care needs differed significantly by employment status (p  < 0.05). However, gender, educational level, and marital status did not have a significant difference in the spiritual care needs of the patients and their caregivers (p > 0.05). Moderately positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlations between patients and their caregivers were found for the total Spiritual Care Needs Inventory scores (r = 0.449), the meaning and hope subscale (r = 0.378), and the caring and respect subscale (r = 0.546). It is important to evaluate the spiritual needs of patients with cancer and their caregivers. In this evaluation, it is essential to elicit the perspectives of cancer patients and their caregivers concerning spiritual needs and religion. Effective spiritual care for patients and their caregivers can only be provided if their beliefs and priorities are taken into consideration.
Hypofractionated versus conventional fractionation external beam radiotherapy in intermediate and high risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Samuel Eileen , Zaman Saliha , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Fareed Muhammad Mohsin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men, and its incidence is increasing which is attributed to increased screening programs. The treatment options of intermediate and high risk prostate cancer include radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy. Hypofractionated radiotherapy is becoming more popular lately due to better understanding of the radiobiology of prostate cancer and favorable logistics.

Objective
To compare the toxicity and efficacy of hypofractionated versus conventional fractionation external beam radiotherapy in patients with intermediate and high risk localized prostate cancer treated in Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Lahore (SKMCH & RC).

Methodology
We retrospectively conducted this study on histopathologically confirmed 114 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent treatment from January 2013 till December 2018. These patients were treated with radical radiotherapy along with hormonal therapy as per indication. Data was collected from electronic hospital system and analyzed by SPSS version 23.

Results
114 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 68 years (61–75). 88% of patients had stage III-IVA disease at the time of diagnosis. Mean PSA and GS was 33 ± 39 SD and 7 ± 0.9 SD respectively. 89% (n = 102) received radiotherapy with 69% of patients receiving dose of 60 Gy in 20 fractions. Among patients who received hypofractionated dose, 86% (n = 61) of them were categorized as high risk and 14% (n = 10) were intermediate risk, whereas among conventional group 90% (n = 28) were high risk patients and 10% (n = 3) were of intermediate risk. In hypofractionated dose group, 14% (n = 10) developed grade 2 proctitis and 8% (n = 6) developed grade 2 cystitis, in contrast to conventional dose group in which only 3 patients (5%) developed grade 2 GI toxicity and 2 patients (2.9%) had grade 2 GU toxicity. However, these toxicities and their grade were clinically insignificant when compared with the dose groups (p = 0.11). 5 year overall survival for hypofractionated radiotherapy versus conventional dose was 100% and 90% respectively with 95% Cl and p value of 0.3 (clinically insignificant), whereas 5 year disease free survival was 100% and 75% for hypofractionation versus conventional EBRT respectively with 95% CI and p value of 0.04 (clinically significant).

Conclusion
Hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with intermediate and high risk localized prostate cancer has better disease free survival at the expense of higher risk for proctitis and cystitis but no difference in overall survival as compared to conventional dose of radiation.
A Sustainable Dual Cross-Linked Cellulose Hydrogel Electrolyte for High-Performance Zinc-Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Gan Xiaotang , Yan Yuyang , Zhou Jinping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous rechargeable Zn-metal batteries (ARZBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage. However, their widespread commercial application is largely plagued by three major challenges: The uncontrollable Zn dendrites, notorious parasitic side reactions, and sluggish Zn2+ ion transfer. To address these issues, we design a sustainable dual cross-linked cellulose hydrogel electrolyte, which has excellent mechanical strength to inhibit dendrite formation, high Zn2+ ions binding capacity to suppress side reaction, and abundant porous structure to facilitate Zn2+ ions migration. Consequently, the Zn||Zn cell with the hydrogel electrolyte can cycle stably for more than 400 h under a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the hydrogel electrolyte also enables the Zn||polyaniline cell to achieve high-rate and long-term cycling performance (> 2000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1). Remarkably, the hydrogel electrolyte is easily accessible and biodegradable, making the ARZBs attractive in terms of scalability and sustainability.