bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the experiences of Black Nova Scotians with community pharmacists
Authors: Gebre Afomia , Bowles Susan , Minard Laura V. , Hamilton-Hinch Barbara , Borden Natalie 
Published: October 2023

Background: A history of medical abuse and social inequality confounded by persistent racial discrimination in health care has triggered mistrust between Black patients and health care providers. Although the consequences of systemic racism on health outcomes are well understood, little is known about how they manifest in pharmacy practice. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of Black Nova Scotians with community pharmacists. Methods: This was a qualitative study that used focus groups and one-on-one interviews. Black Nova Scotians 18 years of age and older who have had interactions with community pharmacists were invited to participate. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: Two focus groups ( n = 10) and 6 one-on-one interviews were held between May and June 2021. Three major themes were identified: 1) difficulties navigating a pharmacy as a Black person, 2) lack of inclusivity and cultural competence in the pharmacy and 3) transactional relationships with pharmacists. Discussion: Most participants felt their race negatively affected the quality of care they received from the pharmacist and that pharmacists were not culturally competent. Most participants did not consider pharmacists to be part of their health care team and described feeling unsafe or uncomfortable in the pharmacy. Conclusions: Pharmacists have an important role in closing the health equity gap. This research highlights the need for pharmacy education to include cultural competence and will be used to guide strategies to improve access to culturally safe pharmacy services for Black Nova Scotians.
Complementary and alternative medicine for long COVID: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Juan , Lim Kia Hui , Lim Kia Teng , Woods Jeffrey T. , Mohabbat Arya B. , Wahner-Roedler Dietlind L. , Ganesh Ravindra , Bauer Brent A. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions are growing in popularity as possible treatments for long COVID symptoms. However, comprehensive analysis of current evidence in this setting is still lacking. Objective: This study aims to review existing published studies on the use of CAM interventions for patients experiencing long COVID through a systematic review. Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in multiple databases and clinical trial registries from September 2019 to January 2023. RCTs evaluating efficacy and safety of CAM for long COVID were included. Methodological quality of each included trial was appraised with the Cochrane ‘risk of bias’ tool. A qualitative analysis was conducted due to heterogeneity of included studies. Results: A total of 14 RCTs with 1195 participants were included in this review. Study findings demonstrated that CAM interventions could benefit patients with long COVID, especially those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, olfactory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, fatigue, breathlessness, and mild-to-moderate lung fibrosis. The main interventions reported were self-administered transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation, neuro-meditation, dietary supplements, olfactory training, aromatherapy, inspiratory muscle training, concurrent training, and an online breathing and well-being program. Conclusion: CAM interventions may be effective, safe, and acceptable to patients with symptoms of long COVID. However, the findings from this systematic review should be interpreted with caution due to various methodological limitations. More rigorous trials focused on CAM for long COVID are warranted in the future.
A mobile-based airway clearance care system using deep learning-based vision technology to support personalized home-based pulmonary rehabilitation for COAD patients: Development and usability testing
Authors: Su Jun-Ming , Chen Kuan-Yuan , Wu Sheng-Ming , Lee Kang-Yun , Ho Shu-Chuan 
Published: October 2023

Background Excessive mucus secretion is a serious issue for patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), which can be effectively managed through postural drainage and percussion (PD + P) during pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Home-based (H)-PR can be as effective as center-based PR but lacks professional supervision and timely feedback, leading to low motivation and adherence. Telehealth home-based pulmonary (TH-PR) has emerged to assist H-PR, but video conferencing and telephone calls remain the main approaches for COAD patients. Therefore, research on effectively assisting patients in performing PD + P during TH-PR is limited. Objective This study developed a mobile-based airway clearance care for chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD-MoAcCare) system to support personalized TH-PR for COAD patients and evaluated its usability through expert validation. Methods The COAD-MoAcCare system uses a mobile device through deep learning-based vision technology to monitor, guide, and evaluate COAD patients’ PD + P operations in real time during TH-PR programs. Medical personnel can manage and monitor their personalized PD + P and operational statuses through the system to improve TH-PR performance. Respiratory therapists from different hospitals evaluated the system usability using system questionnaires based on the technology acceptance model, system usability scale (SUS), and task load index (NASA-TLX). Results Eleven participant therapists were highly satisfied with the COAD-MoAcCare system, rating it between 4.1 and 4.6 out of 5.0 on all scales. The system demonstrated good usability (SUS score of 74.1 out of 100) and a lower task load (NASA-TLX score of 30.0 out of 100). The overall accuracy of PD + P operations reached a high level of 97.5% by comparing evaluation results of the system by experts. Conclusions The COAD-MoAcCare system is the first mobile-based method to assist COAD patients in conducting PD + P in TH-PR. It was proven to be usable by respiratory therapists, so it is expected to benefit medical personnel and COAD patients. It will be further evaluated through clinical trials.
Analysis of Sectoral Outcomes and Institutional Quality Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ekeocha Davidmac O. , Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Ekeocha Patterson C. , Orji Anthony 
Published: October 2023

Following the need for more recent rigorous empirical evidence on the role of institutions at sectoral level as well as the conflicting empirical evidences on the institutions-growth relationship in Africa, this study investigated the sectoral impacts of institutional quality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study also revisited the role of institutions in the aggregate economy. The system GMM estimation procedure and a panel of 42 SSA countries were used over the period 2010 to 2018. The results indicate that contrary to the widely held view that institutions foster growth and development, the role of institutional quality in sectoral and aggregate economic performance in SSA generally remained muted. However, the results indicate that initial level of real GDP and labor are robust drivers of growth, particularly in the aggregate economy. The study therefore concludes that the sub-region requires institutional reform, enhanced human capital development and capital accumulation to drive sectoral and aggregate economic performance in SSA. JEL Classification: N20; F43; C23; N17
Co-movement Between NIFTY Spot and Futures Indices: A Time–Frequency Analysis Using Wavelet
Authors: Katoch Rupinder , Batra Shilpa 
Published: October 2023

Appreciation of the impact of spot and futures markets on each other and their respective function in price discovery is the central idea of this study’s microstructure design. The volatility spillover and co-movement between the NIFTY spot and futures indices during the period of 2011–2021 are investigated. Maximal overlap discrete wavelet transformation (MODWT)-based DCC GARCH and Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) models have been applied to understand the dynamic associations and spillovers between returns of NIFTY spot and futures indices. To uncover the time-varying vibrant communications among the markets at diverse scales, a wavelet coherence technique has been used. The study found that index prices have a strong and significant dynamic conditional correlation at all scales, and there is diffusion of news in the short as well as long terms. The study uses novel granular wavelet-based research models to decode time–frequency varying behavioural patterns of spot and futures stock indices of India. It highlights the relationships between variables of interest over a range of timescales and allows market participants to rapidly evaluate their investment horizons at varied frequency band scales when building portfolio choices. Therefore, the study offers added understanding to investors and risk managers. JEL Classifications: G11, G12, G13, G14
A Systematic Review of Screw and Suture Button Glenoid Augmentation Constructs
Authors: Manfredi John N. , Schick Samuel , Paul Kyle D. , Elphingstone Joseph W. , Sowell Josiah , Lameka Megan , Brabston Eugene W. , Momaya Amit M. , Ponce Brent A. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Glenohumeral dislocations often lead to glenoid bone loss and recurrent instability, warranting bony augmentation. While numerous biomechanical studies have investigated fixation methods to secure a graft to the glenoid, a review of available constructs has yet to be performed. Purpose: To synthesize the literature and compare the biomechanics of screw and suture button constructs for anterior glenoid bony augmentation. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. There were 2 independent reviewers who performed a literature search using the PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases of studies published between 1950 and 2020. Studies were included that compared the biomechanical outcomes of fixation for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Results: Overall, 13 of the 363 studies screened met the inclusion criteria. The included studies measured the biomechanical strength of screws or suture buttons on a cadaveric or synthetic Latarjet construct. Screws and suture buttons were biomechanically similar, as both constructs exhibited comparable loads at failure and final displacement. Screw type (diameter, threading, or composition) did not significantly affect construct strength, and double-screw fixation was superior to single-screw fixation. Additionally, 2 screws augmented with a small plate had a higher load at failure than screws that were not augmented. Unicortical double-screw fixation was inferior to bicortical double-screw fixation, although construct strength did not significantly decrease if 1 of these screws was unicortical. Further, 2 screws inserted at 15° off axis experienced significantly higher graft displacement and lower ultimate failure loads than those inserted at 0° parallel to the glenoid. Conclusion: Suture buttons provided comparable strength to screws and offer an effective alternative to reduce screw-related complications. Augmentation with a small plate may clinically enhance construct strength and decrease complications through the dispersion of force loads over a greater surface area. Differences in screw type did not appear to alter construct strength, provided that screws were placed parallel to the articular surface and were bicortical.
Contribution of the Medial Hamstrings to Valgus Stability of the Knee
Authors: Vermorel Pierre-Henri , Testa Rodolphe , Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven E. , Philippot Rémi , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand , Neri Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Background: Multiligament knee injuries involving the medial side are common. When performing surgical reconstruction, use of the medial hamstrings (HS) as grafts remains controversial in this setting. Purpose: To determine the role of the medial HS in stabilizing the valgus knee for different types of medial-sided knee injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A biomechanical study on 10 cadaveric knees was performed. Valgus load (force moment of 10 N/m) was applied at 0°, 30°, and 60° of flexion, and the resultant rotation was recorded using an optoelectronic motion analysis system. Measurements were repeated for 4 different knee states: intact knee, superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) injury, deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL) injury, and posterior oblique ligament (POL) injury. For each state, 4 loading conditions (+ loaded; – unloaded) of the semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis (GRA) tendons were tested: ST+/GRA+, ST+/GRA–, ST–/GRA+, and ST–/GRA–. Results: At 0° of flexion, combined unloading of the ST and GRA (ST–/GRA–) increased valgus laxity on the intact knee compared with the ST+/GRA+ condition ( P < .05). For all medial-sided injury states (isolated sMCL; combined sMCL and dMCL; and combined sMCL, dMCL, and POL damage), ST–/GRA– increased valgus laxity at 0° and 30° of flexion versus ST+/GRA+ ( P < .05 for all). The absolute value of valgus laxity increased with the severity of medial-sided ligament injury. Isolated ST unloading increased valgus laxity for the intact knee and the MCL-injured knee (combined sMCL and dMCL) at 0° of flexion ( P < .05 vs ST+/GRA+). Isolated unloading of the GRA had no effect on valgus knee stability. Conclusion: The medial HS tendons contributed to the stabilization of the knee in valgus, and this was even more important when the medial side was severely affected (POL damage). This stabilizing effect was greater between 0° and 30°, in which the POL is the main valgus stabilizer. Clinical Relevance: When deciding on graft selection for multiligament knee injury reconstruction, the surgeon should be aware of the effect of harvesting the medial HS tendon on valgus laxity.
When a pandemic and epidemic collide: Lessons learned about how system barriers can interrupt implementation of addiction research
Authors: Sharp Amanda , Carlson Melissa , Vroom Enya B. , Rigg Khary , Hills Holly , Harding Cassandra , Moore Kathleen , Schuman-Olivier Zev 
Published: October 2023

Background Telehealth technologies are now featured more prominently in addiction treatment services than prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but system barriers should be carefully considered for the successful implementation of innovative remote solutions for medication management and recovery coaching support for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Method The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded a telehealth trial prior to the COVID-19 pandemic with a multi-institution team who attempted to implement an innovative protocol during the height of the pandemic in 2020 in Tampa, Florida. The study evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile device application, called MySafeRx, which integrated remote motivational recovery coaching with daily supervised dosing from secure pill dispensers via videoconference, on medication adherence during buprenorphine treatment. This paper provides a participant case example followed by a reflective evaluation of how the pandemic amplified both an existing research-to-practice gap and clinical system barriers during the implementation of telehealth clinical research intervention for patients with OUD. Findings Implementation challenges arose from academic institutional requirements, boundaries and role identity, clinical staff burnout and lack of buy-in, rigid clinical protocols, and limited clinical resources, which hampered recruitment and intervention engagement. Conclusions As the urgency for feasible and effective telehealth solutions continues to rise in response to the growing numbers of opioid-related deaths, the scientific community may use these lessons learned to re-envision the relationship between intervention implementation and the role of clinical research toward mitigating the opioid overdose epidemic.
Ibrutinib-based therapy reinvigorates CD8+ T cells compared to chemoimmunotherapy: immune monitoring from the E1912 trial
Authors: Papazoglou Despoina , Wang Xin Victoria , Shanafelt Tait D. , Lesnick Connie E. , Ioannou Nikolaos , De Rossi Giulia , Herter Sylvia , Bacac Marina , Klein Christian , Tallman Martin S. , Kay Neil E. , Ramsay Alan G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) that target B-cell receptor signaling have led to a paradigm shift in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment. BTKis have been shown to reduce abnormally high CLL-associated T-cell counts and the expression of immune checkpoint receptors concomitantly with tumor reduction. However, the impact of BTKi therapy on T-cell function has not been fully characterized. Here, we performed longitudinal immunophenotypic and functional analysis of pretreatment and on-treatment (6 and 12 months) peripheral blood samples from patients in the phase 3 E1912 trial comparing ibrutinib-rituximab with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR). Intriguingly, we report that despite reduced overall T-cell counts; higher numbers of T cells, including effector CD8+ subsets at baseline and at the 6-month time point, associated with no infections; and favorable progression-free survival in the ibrutinib-rituximab arm. Assays demonstrated enhanced anti-CLL T-cell killing function during ibrutinib-rituximab treatment, including a switch from predominantly CD4+ T-cell:CLL immune synapses at baseline to increased CD8+ lytic synapses on-therapy. Conversely, in the FCR arm, higher T-cell numbers correlated with adverse clinical responses and showed no functional improvement. We further demonstrate the potential of exploiting rejuvenated T-cell cytotoxicity during ibrutinib-rituximab treatment, using the bispecific antibody glofitamab, supporting combination immunotherapy approaches.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease originates from infected hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Wang Jingshi , Su Min , Wei Na , Yan Huanyu , Zhang Jia , Gong Yi , Wu Lin , Suolitiken Dina , Pi Yubo , Song Deli , Chen Leilei , Liu Huan , Yang Shuo , Wang Xi , Wang Zhao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disease (CAEBV) is a lethal syndrome because of persistent EBV infection. When diagnosed as CAEBV, EBV infection was observed in multiple hematopoietic lineages, but the etiology of CAEBV is still elusive. Bone marrow and peripheral cells derived from 5 patients with CAEBV, 1 patient with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and 2 healthy controls were analyzed. Multiple assays were applied to identify and characterize EBV-infected cells, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction, PrimeFlow, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Based on scRNA-seq data, alterations in gene expression of particular cell types were analyzed between patients with CAEBV and controls, and between infected and uninfected cells. One patient with CAEBV was treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and the samples derived from this patient were analyzed again 6 months after HSCT. EBV infected the full spectrum of the hematopoietic system including both lymphoid and myeloid lineages, as well as the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the patients with CAEBV. EBV-infected HSCs exhibited a higher differentiation rate toward downstream lineages, and the EBV infection had an impact on both the innate and adaptive immunity, resulting in inflammatory symptoms. EBV-infected cells were thoroughly removed from the hematopoietic system after HSCT. Taken together, multiple lines of evidence presented in this study suggest that CAEBV disease originates from the infected HSCs, which might potentially lead to innovative therapy strategies for CAEBV.
Clinical features and long-term survival in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension with thyroid dysfunction: insights from a national multicentre prospective study
Authors: Qian Yuling , Quan Ruilin , Chen Xiaoxi , Zhang Gangcheng , Yang Yuanhua , Chen Yucheng , Yu Zaixin , Gu Qing , Xiong Changming , Han Huijun , He Jianguo 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundOur objective was to clarify the characteristics and long-term survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients with thyroid dysfunction and compare them with IPAH without thyroid dysfunction.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using prospectively collected data. IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction at baseline were included. Patients with other subgroups of PAH and Group 2–5 pulmonary hypertension were excluded. IPAH patients with euthyroid function were matched 1:1 to IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction by age and sex.ResultsIn total, 148 IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction were included. Patients with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism accounted for 16.2%, 18.9%, 8.1% and 56.8%, respectively. IPAH patients with hyperthyroidism showed the highest mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and the lowest pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at baseline among subgroups, while patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had the lowestSvO2and highest PVR (p<0.05). Compared with IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, patients with hyperthyroidism (9.14versus13.86 WU; p<0.05) and hypothyroidism (10.70versus13.86 WU; p<0.05) showed significantly lower PVR. The haemodynamic profiles of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were similar to IPAH with euthyroid function except for lower right atrial pressure (6versus8 mmHg; p=0.009). The long-term survival of patients with clinical thyroid dysfunction was better than IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, while that of those with subclinical diseases was comparable to the latter, even after adjusting for baseline haemodynamics and treatment.ConclusionIPAH patients with clinical hyper- and hypothyroidism had better haemodynamics and survival than those without thyroid dysfunction, while patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had similar haemodynamics and survival profiles to the latter.
Prediction of Grinding Force by an Electroplated Grinding Wheel with Orderly-Micro-Grooves
Authors: Mao Cong , Wang Jiali , Zhang Mingjun , Wang Xincheng , Luo Yuanqiang , Tang Weidong , Tang Kun , Bi Zhuming , Hu Yongle , Lin Zhenheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ability to predict a grinding force is important to control, monitor, and optimize the grinding process. Few theoretical models were developed to predict grinding forces when a structured wheel was used in a grinding process. This paper aimed to establish a single-grit cutting force model to predict the ploughing, friction and cutting forces in a grinding process. It took into the consideration of actual topography of the grinding wheel, and a theoretical grinding force model for grinding hardened AISI 52100 by the wheel with orderly-micro-grooves was proposed. The model was innovative in the sense that it represented the random thickness of undeformed chips by a probabilistic expression, and it reflected the microstructure characteristics of the structured wheel explicitly. Note that the microstructure depended on the randomness of the protruding heights and distribution density of the grits over the wheel. The proposed force prediction model was validated by surface grinding experiments, and the results showed (1) a good agreement of the predicted and measured forces and (2) a good agreement of the changes of the grinding forces along with the changes of grinding parameters in the prediction model and experiments. This research proposed a theoretical grinding force model of an electroplated grinding wheel with orderly-micro-grooves which is accurate, reliable and effective in predicting grinding forces.