bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel After Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide As Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Results From NSABP B-28
Authors: Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Bryant John , Lembersky Barry , Fehrenbacher Louis , Sedlacek Scot M. , Fisher Bernard , Wickerham D. Lawrence , Yothers Greg , Soran Atilla , Wolmark Norman 
Published: May 2005

Purpose The primary aim of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-28 was to determine whether four cycles of adjuvant paclitaxel (PTX) after four cycles of adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) will prolong disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with four cycles of AC alone in patients with resected operable breast cancer and histologically positive axillary nodes. Patients and Methods Between August 1995 and May 1998, 3,060 patients were randomly assigned (AC, 1,529; AC followed by PTX [AC → PTX], 1,531). Patients ≥ 50 years and those younger than 50 years with estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) -positive tumors also received tamoxifen for 5 years, starting with the first dose of AC. Postlumpectomy radiotherapy was mandated. Postmastectomy or regional radiotherapy was prohibited. Median follow-up is 64.6 months. Results The addition of PTX to AC significantly reduced the hazard for DFS event by 17% (relative risk [RR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.95; P = .006). Five-year DFS was 76% ± 2% for patients randomly assigned to AC → PTX compared with 72% ± 2% for those randomly assigned to AC. Improvement in OS was small and not statistically significant (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.12; P = .46). Five-year OS was 85% ± 2% for both groups. Subset analysis of the effect of paclitaxel according to hormone receptors or tamoxifen administration did not reveal statistically significant interaction (for DFS, P = .30 and P = .44, respectively). Toxicity with the AC → PTX regimen was acceptable for the adjuvant setting. Conclusion The addition of PTX to AC resulted in significant improvement in DFS but no significant improvement in OS with acceptable toxicity. No significant interaction between treatment effect and receptor status or tamoxifen administration was observed.
Epigenetic Profiling of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Promoter Hypermethylation of Multiple Tumor Suppressor Genes Including BCL7a, PTPRG, and p73
Authors: van Doorn Remco , Zoutman Willem H. , Dijkman Remco , de Menezes Renee X. , Commandeur Suzan , Mulder Aat A. , van der Velden Pieter A. , Vermeer Maarten H. , Willemze Rein , Yan Pearlly S. , Huang Tim H. , Tensen Cornelis P. 
Published: May 2005

Purpose To analyze the occurrence of promoter hypermethylation in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) on a genome-wide scale, focusing on epigenetic alterations with pathogenetic significance. Materials and Methods DNA isolated from biopsy specimens of 28 patients with CTCL, including aggressive CTCL entities (transformed mycosis fungoides and CD30-negative large T-cell lymphoma) and an indolent entity (CD30-positive large T-cell lymphoma), were investigated. For genome-wide DNA methylation screening, differential methylation hybridization using CpG island microarrays was applied, which allows simultaneous detection of the methylation status of 8640 CpG islands. Bisulfite sequence analysis was applied for confirmation and detection of hypermethylation of eight selected tumor suppressor genes. Results The DNA methylation patterns of CTCLs emerging from differential methylation hybridization analysis included 35 CpG islands hypermethylated in at least four of the 28 studied CTCL samples when compared with benign T-cell samples. Hypermethylation of the putative tumor suppressor genes BCL7a (in 48% of CTCL samples), PTPRG (27%), and thrombospondin 4 (52%) was confirmed and demonstrated to be associated with transcriptional downregulation. BCL7a was hypermethylated at a higher frequency in aggressive (64%) than in indolent (14%) CTCL entities. In addition, the promoters of the selected tumor suppressor genes p73 (48%), p16 (33%), CHFR (19%), p15 (10%), and TMS1 (10%) were hypermethylated in CTCL. Conclusion Malignant T cells of patients with CTCL display widespread promoter hypermethylation associated with inactivation of several tumor suppressor genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis signaling pathways. In view of this, CTCL may be amenable to treatment with demethylating agents.
Phase I Study of an Oral Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Kelly William Kevin , O'Connor Owen A. , Krug Lee M. , Chiao Judy H. , Heaney Mark , Curley Tracy , MacGregore-Cortelli Barbara , Tong William , Secrist J. Paul , Schwartz Lawrence , Richardson Stacy , Chu Elaina , Olgac Semra , Marks Paul A. , Scher Howard , Richon Victoria M. 
Published: May 2005

Purpose To determine the safety, dosing schedules, pharmacokinetic profile, and biologic effect of orally administered histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in patients with advanced cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with solid and hematologic malignancies were treated with oral SAHA administered once or twice a day on a continuous basis or twice daily for 3 consecutive days per week. Pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailibity of oral SAHA were determined. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of histones isolated from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) pre and post-therapy were performed to evaluate target inhibition. Results Seventy-three patients were treated with oral SAHA and major dose-limiting toxicities were anorexia, dehydration, diarrhea, and fatigue. The maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg qd and 200 mg bid for continuous daily dosing and 300 mg bid for 3 consecutive days per week dosing. Oral SAHA had linear pharmacokinetics from 200 to 600 mg, with an apparent half-life ranging from 91 to 127 minutes and 43% oral bioavailability. Histones isolated from PBMNCs showed consistent accumulation of acetylated histones post-therapy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated a trend towards a dose-dependent accumulation of acetylated histones from 200 to 600 mg of oral SAHA. There was one complete response, three partial responses, two unconfirmed partial responses, and 22 (30%) patients remained on study for 4 to 37+ months. Conclusions Oral SAHA has linear pharmacokinetics and good bioavailability, inhibits histone deacetylase activity in PBMNCs, can be safely administered chronically, and has a broad range of antitumor activity.
The computer-aided design and rapid prototyping fabrication of removable partial denture frameworks
Authors: Eggbeer D , Bibb R , Williams R 
Published: May 2005

This study explores the application of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) to the process of electronically surveying a scanned dental cast as a prior stage to producing a sacrificial pattern for a removable partial denture (RPD) metal alloy framework. These are designed to retain artificial replacement teeth in the oral cavity. A cast produced from an impression of a patient's mouth was digitally scanned and the data converted to a three-dimensional computer file that could be read by the computer-aided design (CAD) software. Analysis and preparation were carried out in the digital environment according to established dental principles. The CAD software was then used to design the framework and generate a standard triangulation language (STL) file in preparation for its manufacture using rapid prototyping (RP) methods. Several RP methods were subsequently used to produce sacrificial patterns, which were then cast in a chromium-cobalt alloy using conventional methods and assessed for accuracy of fit. This work demonstrates that CAD/CAM techniques can be used for electronic dental cast analysis, preparation, and design of RPD frameworks. It also demonstrates that RP-produced patterns may be successfully cast using conventional methods and that the resulting frameworks can provide a satisfactory fit.
Development of Functional Imidazole Derivatives: A Potential Chemiluminescent Chemosensor
Authors: Kimura Masaru , Tsunenaga Mitsuru , Takami Shizuka , Ohbayashi Yukiko 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A potential functional chemiluminescent (CL) bidentate chemosensor, 2-[4-(N-salicylidene)aminophenyl]-4,5-diphenylimidazole (1a), was prepared. The chemiluminescence (CL) efficiency of the corresponding bidentate peroxide 2a was independent of bridge length between the CL and acceptor centers. The peroxide was 10 times as efficient as the monodentate peroxide 2b. Ionic ZnII worked as a CL enhancer of 2a, whereas transition metals CoII, FeIII, and CuII worked as quenchers.
Synthesis of Biliverdin Derivative Bearing the Sterically Fixed E-anti C/D-Ring Component
Authors: Kinoshita Hideki , Hammam Mostafa A S , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Biliverdin (BV) derivative bearing the E-anti C/D-ring component, which is sterically fixed by 8-membered ring, was synthesized toward investigation of the structure and function of the chromophore in phytochrome.
Decomposition of Trichlorobenzene with Different Radicals Generated by Alternating Current Electrolysis in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nakamura Akinobu , Hirano Keiji , Iji Masatoshi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Trichlorobenzenes can be easily decomposed by alternating current electrolysis in aqueous solution. The mechanism of the decomposition was found to be based on selective redox reactions with different radicals—hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals—generated by water electrolysis.
Flexible Metallic Substrates for TiO2 Film of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Man Gu , Park Nam-Gyu , Ryu Kwang Sun , Chang Soon Ho , Kim Kang-Jin 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The effects of metallic supporting substrates in nanocrystalline TiO2 working electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells on photocurrent–voltage (J–V) characteristics were investigated. For W, Ti, stainless steel, and Zn that can produce semiconductor oxides during annealing, the short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) is related to the conduction band energy levels of the metal oxides. The metals that produce insulating oxides, Al, Co, and Ni, were found to be also useful supporting substrates when both thin layers of ITO and SiOx were sputtered on the metal surfaces.
Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Ternary Alloy Co–Ni–Pb Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Ji G B , Cao J M , Zhang F , Xu G Y , Tang S L , Gu B X , Du Y W 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Ferromagnetic–nonmagnetic heterogeneous ternary alloy Co–Ni–Pb nanowire arrays having composition, Co, 15 atom%; Ni, 45 atom%; Pb, 40 atom%, were successfully fabricated by alternating current (AC) electrodeposition into nanoporous alumina templates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations revealed that the Co–Ni–Pb nanowries were polycrystalline with uniform diameters of around 20 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. Magnetic measurements showed that the coercivity of the samples increased with the annealing temperature up to 550 °C and reached a maximum (1020 Oe).
Preparation of Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide–Oleate Intercalation Compound by a Reconstruction Method under Hydrothermal Condition
Authors: Ogawa Makoto , Inomata Kazuya 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A layered double hydroxide–oleate intercalation compound was successfully synthesized by a reconstruction method under a hydrothermal condition from calcined hydrotalcite. The LDH–oleate intercalation compound exhibits attractive properties such as the reversible themoresponsive change in the basal spacing and the swelling in organic solvents.
Efficient Photochemical Conversion of N2O into N2 and O2 by 193-nm-ArF-excimer Laser in N2 or Air at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Sako Hiroshi , Noda Kenji , Senda Makoto , Hamagami Taro , Tsuji Takeshi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
N2O removal by using 193-nm-ArF-excimer laser has been studied at a low N2O concentration of 100 ppm in N2 or air. N2O was decomposed into N2 and O2 without any NOx emission at atmospheric pressure. After 10 min laser irradiation, the N2O conversion was 95% in N2, while it was 100% in air. The decomposition mechanism of N2O in N2 and air was discussed from a kinetic model.
Photodegradative Surfactants: p-Dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium Bromide as a Photodegradative Emulsifier for Microemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Itoh Yoshihiro , Horiuchi Satoshi , Yamamoto Kenji 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A photodegradative surfactant, p-dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium bromide, was used as an emulsifier for micro-emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in water. The resulting polymer latex was coagulated during UV irradiation. The analysis of the centrifuged solid after irradiation indicated almost perfection of both recovery of the polymer and removal of surface-active species from it.
A Highly Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Cr(VI) Concentration
Authors: Lee Soo-Keun , Choi Wonyong 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method, which is based on the oxidation of leuco methylene blue (colorless) to methylene blue (colored) by Cr(VI), was developed for the determination of the dissolved hexavalent chromium concentrations in water.
Photocrosslinking and Thermal Degradation of Epoxy-containing Polymers Using Photobase Generators
Authors: Ohba Tadahiro , Nakai Daisuke , Suyama Kanji , Shirai Masamitsu 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A new system consisting of a photobase generator and an oligomer bearing both epoxy and tertiary ester units was prepared as a photocrosslinkable and thermally de-crosslinkable polymer system. The sample film became insoluble on UV-irradiation and followed by baking at 100–160 °C. The crosslinked film became soluble in methanol when baked at 180–200 °C.
Photocatalytic Performance of Ba5Ta4O15 to Decomposition of H2O into H2 and O2
Authors: Otsuka Harumi , Kim Kiyoung , Kouzu Asuka , Takimoto Ikuharu , Fujimori Hirotaka , Sakata Yoshihisa , Imamura Hayao , Matsumoto Takako , Toda Kenji 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The photocatalytic performance of barium tantalates in the decomposition of H2O into H2 and O2 was investigated. Ba5Ta4O15 that was prepared under Ta rich atmosphere exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity. Under the same reaction conditions, its activity was the highest among all of the alkali earth-tantalum mixed-oxide photocatalysts prepared.
Two-step Synthesis of Eu-doped Lu2O3 Ultrathin Nanorods and its Luminescent Property
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Liu Qingfeng , Liu Qian 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Ultrathin Eu-doped lutetium hydroxide oxide (LuOOH:Eu) nanorods with different sizes in diameter about 10 nm have been synthesized for the first time via hydrothermal treatment of colloidal Lu(OH)3:Eu nanoparticles. After calcining, the Eu-doped Lu2O3 nanorods were obtained.
Microbial Formation of a Halloysite-Like Mineral
Authors: Tazaki Kazue 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to demonstrate the biological formation of a hollow spherical halloysite-like mineral in freshwater systems. The interaction between clays and microbes was investigated in microbial films from laboratory cultures derived from natural sediments. Optical and electron microscopic observations of cultured microbes revealed that thin clay films covered areas of the bacterial cell wall. X-ray diffraction of the thin films after 2 y of ageing showed a 7.13 Å d spacing, consistent with a 7 Å halloysite-like phase [Al2Si2O5(OH)4 H2O]. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the thin film exhibited the characteristic adsorption bands for O−H (3651 cm−1), C−H and C−N (2925, 1454 and 1420 cm−1, respectively), suggesting that the phase was closely associated with adhesive organics. Observation by TEM of the thin films revealed that spherical, hollow, halloysite-like material formed on both coccus- and bacillus-type bacterial cells. Electron diffraction analysis of this material showed 2.9, 2.5, 2.2 and 1.5 Å d spacings. The present investigation strongly suggests that the thin film wall of the spherical halloysite-like material was associated with bacteria as a bio-organic product. This material, referred to hereafter as bio-halloysite, is further evidence for the microbially-mediated formation of clay minerals. The identity of the bacteria responsible for bio-halloysite formation is unknown, but is tentatively assigned to sulfate-reducing bacteria on the basis of morphology and the presence of reducing conditions in the microcosm at the end of the experiments.
Losses of Radiogenic 40Ar in the Fine-Clay Size Fractions of Sediments
Authors: Lerman Abraham , Clauer Norbert 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe common observation that smaller particle-size fractions of sedimentary rocks yield younger K-Ar apparent ages than the larger particle-size fractions of the same stratigraphic age was analyzed with the aid of the 40Ar/40K ratio from 14 stratigraphically and regionally different sections. Estimation of the loss of radiogenic 40Ar from varied clay-rich size fractions was based on two models: a relationship between particle size and the 40Ar/40K ratio, and a theoretical diffusional loss from spherical particles. The differences between the two models and reconciliation of their results are discussed. For the smallest fractions (up to <0.5 μm), percent-wise losses of 40Ar from the spherical particles model increase from Upper Carboniferous and Permian (38±10%), to Late Triassic (47±10%), and to Miocene and Late Neogene (65±8%). This trend suggests that escape of 40Ar from the smaller particles in older sediments decreased or even stopped after deposition of the sedimentary sections.The large 40Ar losses derived from small 40Ar/40K ratios in the younger Tertiary sediments, indicate that addition of K to the small fractions is, at least in part, responsible for the young K-Ar apparent ages in geologically different settings. In several 102–103 m thick sections, authigenic illite in the <0.1 to <2 μm fractions yields young K-Ar apparent ages resulting from simultaneous 40Ar production and release during clay authigenesis. In a production and loss model, a first-order escape-rate parameter (e) was estimated at 0.2 × 10−8 to 4 × 10−8 y−1, depending on the K-Ar apparent age of the size fractions and the stratigraphic age of the section. The limitations and uncertainties of the methods of evaluating diagenetic 40Ar losses from fine clay particles are discussed.
Thermal Characterization of Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonites
Authors: He Hongping , Ding Zhe , Zhu Jianxi , Yuan Pen , Xi Yunfei , Yang Dan , Frost Ray L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe thermal stability of surfactant-modified clays plays a key role in the synthesis and processing of organoclay-based nanocomposites. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric measurement and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used in this study to characterize the thermal stability of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonites prepared at different surfactant concentrations. Analysis by DSC shows that the molecular environment of the surfactant within the montmorillonite galleries is different from that in the bulk state. The endothermic peak at 70–100°C in the DTA curves of the modified montmorillonites is attributed to both the surfactant phase transformation and the loss of free and interlayer water. With an increase of surfactant-packing density, the amount of water residing in the modified montmorillonite decreases gradually, reflecting the improvement of the hydrophobic property for the organoclay. However, the increase in the surfactant packing density within the galleries leads to a decrease in the thermal stability of the organoclays.With an increase of initial surfactant concentration for the preparation of organoclays, the surfactant- packing density increases gradually to a ‘saturated’ state. It was found that the cationic surfactant was introduced into the montmorillonite interlayer not only by cation exchange but also by physical adsorption.
Synthesis, Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressant Properties of a Borate-Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Shi Ling , Li Dianqing , Wang Jianrong , Li Sufeng , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: May 2005

AbstractReaction of a Mg-Al carbonate layered double hydroxide (LDH) with boric acid leads to a borate-pillared LDH with the stoichiometry [Mg0.65Al0.35(OH)2][B3O5]0.35.0.65H2O and an interlayer spacing of 1.07 nm. Infrared and 11B magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance data are consistent with the presence of polymeric triborate anions of the type [B3O4(OH)2]nn- in the interlayer galleries so that the material can be formulated as [Mg0.65Al0.35(OH)2][B3O4(OH)2]0.35.0.30H2O. The flame-retardant properties of the borate-pillared material and the carbonate precursor in composites with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer were compared. Introduction of the borate anion leads to a significant enhancement in smoke suppression during combustion without compromising the flammability of the material. This is related to the synergistic effect between the host layers of the LDH and the borate anions uniformly distributed in the interlayer region.
An Attempt to Minimize the Cost of Extracting Lithium from Boron Clays Through Robust Process Design
Authors: Büyükburç Atil , Köksal Gülser 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this study a robust design method is developed for extracting Li from boron (B) clays with the aim of minimizing cost and maximizing productivity. Lithium is commercially extracted from brines and certain minerals. Its extraction from clays has previously been found to be expensive, a major part of the extraction cost being attributed to the raw materials used. In this study, raw materials from lower-cost resources are used without applying any standardization to them and this might increase variation in the results. To minimize the variation, and achieve high extraction levels, robust design, statistical design and analysis of experiments, and response surface methodologies are utilized. As a result, consistently higher extraction levels have been achieved compared to previous studies. The experiments were conducted using the Bigadiç boron clay fields in Turkey. However, the method is generally applicable to other cases also.
Educational Anthropologists in Non‐Academic Settings: Reports from the Field
Authors: Eddy Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2005

In November of 1974, CAE sponsored a Job Clinic at the annual meetings in Mexico City. The Clinic was planned by Robert Textor and 1 chaired it. The purpose of the Clinic was to provide an opportunity for interested anthropologists to learn more about the types of work being undertaken by anthropologists who are employed by educators as researchers and practitioners in non‐academic settings. In addition, the reports indicate some of the adaptations necessary in making the transition from the traditional roles of anthropologists in academe to those that are newly emerging in public school systems, community action agencies, private consulting firms, and curriculum development organizations.Following the annual meetings, four of the panelists agreed to prepare written statements for the CAE Quarterly. Two of these statements are presented below with the hope that they will be useful in stimulating thought and discussion among CAE members about the development of strategies for opening up new opportunities for anthropologists and ways of preparing anthropologists for new roles in the contemporary world.