bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic significance of hyperextension of the fetal head detected antenatally with ultrasound
Authors: Shipp T. D. , Bromley B. , Benacerraf B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of hyperextension of the fetal head detected by ultrasound prior to the onset of labour.MethodsOver a 10‐year period, we retrospectively identified all fetuses who had hyperextension of the fetal head reported on antenatal ultrasound. Hyperextension referred to persistence of the cervical spine in extreme extension, with an extension angle of at least 150 degrees persisting for the duration of the scan. Follow‐up information was obtained from Hospital medical records and obstetrical care providers.ResultsFollow‐up was obtained on 57 of the 65 fetuses (87.7%) identified over the study period. Ten of the 57 fetuses had normal structural fetal surveys and had sonographically identified resolution prior to delivery. All 10 patients delivered at term and had newborns with normal neonatal courses. Twenty‐six of 57 fetuses had no sonographic findings other than persistent hyperextension, and 19 of these 26 fetuses (73%) had normal neonatal courses. Twenty‐one of 57 fetuses (37%) had structural anomalies sonographically identified in addition to hyperextension of the fetal head. All 21 of these pregnancies ended in either termination or fetal or neonatal demize.ConclusionsAlthough resolution of isolated hyperextension of the fetal head is associated with a normal neonatal outcome, persistent isolated hyperextension of the fetal head can be associated with either a normal or an abnormal neonatal outcome. Fetuses with hyperextended heads and antenatally diagnosed structural anomalies have dismal outcomes. The identification of a fetus with hyperextension of the fetal head should prompt a detailed search for structural abnormalities. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The effect of methyldopa on retinal artery circulation in pre‐eclamptic gravidae
Authors: Hung J. H. , Yen M. Y. , Pan Y. P. , Hsu L. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of methyldopa on retinal artery circulation in pre‐eclamptic gravidae using color Doppler imaging and spectral analysis.MethodsFifty‐three pre‐eclamptic singleton gravidae of gestational age greater than 22 weeks were examined. Patients with sustained hypertension after 1–2 days hospital rest were treated with oral antihypertensive medication, 250–500 mg methyldopa, three to four times a day for a minimum of 5–7 days. The right central retinal arteries were insonated and Doppler waveform values were analysed before and after medication.ResultsThe change of the maternal heart rate after methyldopa treatment was −3.96 ± 7.88 beats per min (P = 0.0006). The change of fetal heart rate was not significantly altered. The change of the diastolic arterial blood pressure after treatment was −4.19 ± 12.36 mmHg (P = 0.0169). In 36 gravidae, in whom hypotensive effects were noted after treatment with methyldopa, the increase in peak velocity, end‐diastolic velocity and mean velocity of the retinal artery were 2.41 ± 2.20 (P < 0.0001); 1.48 ± 1.23 (P < 0.0001) and 1.70 ± 1.42 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The decrease in pulsatility index of the retinal artery after treatment with methyldopa was −0.17 ± 0.22 (P < 0.0001). In the remaining 17 gravidae, in whom no hypotensive effects were noted after treatment with methyldopa, the decrease in end‐diastolic velocity and mean velocity were −1.50 ± 1.70 (P = 0.0022) and −0.98 ± 1.90 (P = 0.0488), respectively. The increase in pulsatility index was 0.34 ± 0.30 (P = 0.0003).ConclusionsIn pre‐eclamptic gravidae in whom the hypotensive effects were noted after treatment with methyldopa, the mean velocity of the retinal arteries was significantly higher and the mean pulsatility index lower after treatment. We conclude that the hypotensive effect of methyldopa in pre‐eclamptic gravidae is associated with a significant decrease in retinal artery vascular resistance. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Longitudinal changes in the ductus venosus, cerebral transverse sinus and cardiotocogram in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Senat M. V. , Schwärzler P. , Alcais A. , Ville Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in flow velocity waveforms in the transverse cerebral sinus in growth‐restricted fetuses and to correlate these changes with (1) flow velocity waveforms in the ductus venosus and (2) changes in computerized analysis of the fetal cardiotocogram.DesignFetuses between 22 and 37 weeks' gestation with an estimated fetal weight below the fifth centile were included in this prospective longitudinal study. Doppler measurements of the umbilical artery, descending aorta, middle cerebral artery, transverse cerebral sinus and ductus venosus were recorded. Fetal heart rate was analyzed by a computer system according to the Dawes–Redman criteria.ResultsWe measured a significant correlation between pulsatility index in the cerebral transverse sinus and in the ductus venosus over the study period and at delivery. There was a negative correlation between these indices and short‐ and long‐term variability of the fetal heart rate. There was a parallel increase in pulsatility in the ductus venosus and the transverse cerebral sinus. These changes were inversely correlated with fetal heart rate variability and preceded fetal distress.ConclusionCerebral venous blood flow in IUGR fetuses may be a useful additional investigation to discriminate between fetal adaptation and fetal decompensation in chronic hypoxemia. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional ultrasound in embryo transfer
Authors: Baba K. , Ishihara O. , Hayashi N. , Saitoh M. , Taya J. , Kinoshita K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) guidance in routine embryo transfer (ET) procedures.MethodsSeventy‐five ETs were performed using a 3D US scanner to locate the catheter tip in the uterine cavity.Results and conclusionThree‐dimensional ultrasound could show the exact position of the tip of the catheter in the uterine cavity quickly enough in most cases. It should be used in ET for seeking an optimal transfer area in the uterine cavity to assist in achieving high success rates and less complications. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transient hyperechogenicity of the fetal pericardium: a case report
Authors: Ibba R. M. , Zoppi M. A. , Floris M. , Putzolu M. , Monni G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn unusually echogenic fetal pericardium was visualized using ultrasound at 21 weeks' gestation. Serial prenatal examinations revealed its progressive, spontaneous resolution. Follow‐up examinations of the newborn and infant failed to demonstrate any clinical or echocardiographic abnormality. The occurrence of this unusual pericardial abnormality and its transient nature should be considered during sonographic examination of the fetus. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Value of the electronic scalpel (cut mode) in the evaluation of the fetal face
Authors: Merz E. , Miric‐Tesanic D. , Welter C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the improvement of image quality and diagnostic value of fetal face examinations using the electric scalpel.MethodsA total of 232 cases were examined. The fetuses were separated into two groups: Group A, including normal fetuses (n = 152) and Group B, fetuses with facial pathology (n = 80). The fetuses were divided into eight subgroups according to gestational age (9–12 weeks, 13–16 weeks, 17–20 weeks, 21–24 weeks, 25–28 weeks, 29–32 weeks, 33–36 weeks and 37–40 weeks).ResultsThe number of cutting steps for the improvement of image quality ranged from 1 to 9 (mean value 3) in the group of normal fetuses and from 1 to 10 (mean value 3) in the group of fetuses with facial pathology. In the group of normal fetuses, superior image quality improvement was achieved in 68.4% of cases, moderate improvement in 28.9% and poor improvement in 2.6%. In the group of fetuses with facial pathology, high image quality improvement was obtained in 72.5% of cases, moderate improvement in 25.0% and insufficient improvement in 2.5%. There were no differences among the eight subgroups in the number of steps required relating to gestational age.ConclusionsThe use of the electronic scalpel was associated with diagnostic improvement in 71.1% of cases in the group of normal fetuses, and in 75.0% in the group of fetuses with facial pathology. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The fetal lung 1: developmental aspects
Authors: Laudy J. A. M. , Wladimiroff J. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA literature survey is presented on normal fetal development during the embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular and alveolar stages in the human fetus. Normal anatomical and physiological aspects of fetal lung development including the fetal pulmonary circulation are described. Factors which may influence fetal lung growth and consequently may play a role in the development of pulmonary hypoplasia are discussed, such as intrauterine and intrathoracic space, lung fluid, fetal breathing movements, normal balance of volume and pressure in the lung and interference with the blood supply. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler sonographic demonstration of arterio–venous anastomosis in monochorionic twin gestation
Authors: Machin G. A. , Feldstein V. A. , Van Gemert M. J. C. , Keith L. G. , Hecher K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractArterio‐venous connections, which are known to occur in monochorionic twin placentae and are a mechanism for the development of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome, can be demonstrated in utero by means of targeted sonography with the use of spectral and color flow Doppler techniques. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional power Doppler imaging in the assessment of Fallopian tube patency
Authors: Sladkevicius P. , Ojha K. , Campbell S. , Nargund G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of three‐dimensional power Doppler imaging (3D‐PDI) in the assessment of the patency of the Fallopian tubes during hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy).MethodsWomen attending the fertility clinic were offered a Fallopian tubal patency test as part of the initial investigation. Hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography using contrast medium Echovist was performed on 67 women. Findings on the two‐dimensional (2D) gray‐scale scanning and three‐dimensional power Doppler imaging were compared. The first technique visualizes positive contrast in the Fallopian tube; the second demonstrates flow of medium through the tube.ResultsContrast medium Echovist produced prominent signals on the 3D‐PDI image. Free spill from the fimbrial end of the Fallopian tubes was demonstrated in 114 (91%) tubes using the 3D‐PDI technique and in 58 (46%) of tubes using conventional HyCoSy. The mean duration of the imaging procedure was less with 3D‐PDI, but the operator time which included postprocedure analysis of the stored information was similar. A significantly lower volume of contrast medium (5.9 ± 0.6 mL) was used for 3D‐PDI in comparison with that (11.2 ± 1.9 mL) used for conventional 2D HyCoSy.ConclusionColor coded 3D‐PDI with surface rendering allowed visualization of the flow of contrast through the entire tubal length and free spill of contrast was clearly identified in the majority of cases. The 3D‐PDI method appeared to have advantages over the conventional HyCoSy technique, especially in terms of visualization of spill from the distal end of the tube, which was achieved twice as often with the 3D technique. Although the design of the investigation did not allow the side effects of the two techniques to be compared, the shorter duration of the imaging and lower volume of the contrast medium used suggested that the 3D‐PDI technique might have a better side‐effect profile. The 3D‐PDI technique allowed better storage of the information for re‐analysis and archiving than conventional HyCoSy. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of 13q– syndrome in a fetus with holoprosencephaly and thumb agenesis
Authors: Gutierrez J. , Sepulveda W. , Saez R. , Carstens E. , Sanchez J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPartial deletion of the long arm of one of the chromosomes 13 is an exceedingly rare condition. We report such a case in a 32‐week fetus presenting with polyhydramnios, growth restriction and multiple structural defects including alobar holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities, clubfoot, clinodactyly and thumb agenesis. Fetal blood sampling revealed a 46,XY, del(13)(q22 → qter) abnormal male karyotype. Postmortem examination confirmed the prenatal findings and showed other manifestations of the syndrome. To our knowledge, this case represents the first in which the prenatal ultrasound detection of holoprosencephaly in association with distal limb abnormalities led to the prenatal diagnosis of the 13q– syndrome. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A large‐scale evaluation of amnio‐PCR for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomy
Authors: Levett L. J. , Liddle S. , Meredith R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTraditional chromosome preparation from amniotic fluid samples often involves lengthy culture procedures in order to obtain cells for analysis. Multiplex quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a new molecular biological technique capable of quantifying in‐situ DNA without the need for cell culture. Our objective was to test the reliability of PCR using fetal DNA from amniotic fluid (amnio‐PCR) for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of the common trisomies.DesignThis was a large prospective study of 5000 amniocentesis specimens. Multiplex quantitative fluorescent PCR was performed specifically for short tandem repeat sequences within chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y. All amniocentesis samples were subsequently analyzed by traditional karyotyping methods.ResultsAmnio‐PCR detected all 89 major autosomal trisomies in this cohort. Diagnosis of sex chromosome anomalies was accurate for cases involving first meiotic division nondisjunction. However, further markers were necessary to detect sex chromosome anomalies arising from second meiotic division nondisjunction, highlighting the importance of using specific markers that enable the quantification of both the X and the Y chromosomes simultaneously.ConclusionsRapid prenatal diagnosis of trisomies 21, 18, and 13 and the sex chromosome anomalies using amnio‐PCR is a reliable technique that aids the clinical management of pregnancy. The speed of the methodology will help to minimize the period of parental anxiety in the wait for a diagnostic test result. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of thrombosis of the dural sinuses with real‐time and color Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Visentin A. , Falco P. , Pilu G. , Perolo A. , Valeri B. , Santini D. , Bovicelli L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the sonographic findings and clinical implications of fetal thrombosis of dural sinuses.DesignRetrospective study of cases with a prenatal diagnosis of thrombosis of the dural sinuses.ResultsThe diagnosis of fetal thrombosis of the dural sinuses was established in three uncomplicated pregnancies at 21, 22 and 28 weeks' gestation by transabdominal and transvaginal sonography, demonstrating a blood clot within the dilated dural sinuses, always in the region of the torcular Herophilii. The diagnosis was further confirmed by the color Doppler demonstration of absence of blood flow within the dilated dural sinuses. Upon request of the couples two pregnancies were terminated. One infant was delivered at term by Cesarean section and died during neurosurgery.ConclusionsThrombosis of the cerebral venous circulation can occur antenatally. Accurate diagnosis can be made using fetal real‐time and color Doppler ultrasound. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal cardiac effects of doxorubicin therapy for carcinoma of the breast during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Meyer‐Wittkopf M. , Barth H. , Emons G. , Schmidt S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCardiotoxicity is a recognized complication of anthracycline drugs given as part of chemotherapy; however, the pre‐ and postnatal cardiac effects of in utero exposure are not well documented. In this report we present a case of gestational breast cancer with initiation of four cycles of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy after modified radical mastectomy and axilla dissection during the early second trimester. Serial echocardiographic measurements of the ventricular shortening fraction and biometry of the ventricular cavities were performed. Allowing for the individual variability of these values in the fetus no myocardial dysfunction was observed. The literature was reviewed in an attempt to delineate the possible role of prenatal echocardiography in the diagnosis of doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in the fetus. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cerebral lateral ventricular atrial diameter of male and female fetuses at 20–24 weeks' gestation
Authors: Haddad S. , Peleg D. , Matilsky M. , Ben‐Ami M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the lateral ventricular atrial diameter differs between male and female fetuses at 20–24 weeks' gestation.DesignProspective study.MethodsThe transverse diameter of the ventricular atrium was measured from inner wall to inner wall for a total of 202 pregnant women with 105 male fetuses and 97 female fetuses.ResultsThe mean diameter of the ventricular atrium for the 202 fetuses was 4.96 ± 0.96 mm (range, 2.1–8.4 mm). The 105 males had a mean diameter of 4.95 ± 0.98 mm and the 97 females a mean diameter of 4.97 ± 0.94 mm. There was no statistical difference between the sexes.ConclusionsIn our population, there was no difference between ventricular atrial diameter in male and female fetuses at 20–24 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fetal iliac angle measurements by three‐dimensional sonography
Authors: Lee W. , Blanckaert K. , Bronsteen R. A. , Huang R. , Romero R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the technical reliability of fetal iliac angle measurements by three‐dimensional sonography as a prenatal marker for Down syndrome.MethodsThree‐dimensional multiplanar views of the fetal pelvis were used to standardize iliac angle measurements from 35 normal second‐trimester pregnancies. Measurement reliability for a single examiner and between two different examiners were analyzed by intraclass correlation. Normal iliac angle measurements were compared to those obtained from 16 fetuses with trisomy 21.ResultsThe mean axial angle for normal fetuses was 79 ± 5.5 °, which was significantly less than that observed in fetuses with trisomy 21 (87.7 ± 4.9 °) (P < 0.001). Iliac angles did not correlate with gestational age. Axial angles were reproducible between two examiners who measured the same multiplanar view of the pelvis. Inter‐ and intraobserver reliability were also acceptable after a standardized multiplanar view was independently obtained by each examiner (intraclass correlation = 0.91 for both). Coronal angles were unreliable because of difficulties with finding a reproducible measurement plane. For a false‐positive rate of 5%, an axial angle threshold of 87 ° correctly identified 56% of fetuses with trisomy 21.ConclusionAxial iliac angle measurements are reliable by standardized three‐dimensional multiplanar views of the pelvis and can be used to identify some fetuses at increased risk for trisomy 21. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of an epignathus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Clement K. , Chamberlain P. , Boyd P. , Molyneux A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn epignathus is an extremely rare form of teratoma that arises from the oral cavity, most commonly from the palate. We describe a case identified sonographically at 17 weeks' gestation after a raised maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein was recorded. This pregnancy was terminated but we review the literature over the last 10 years and describe the management options available in such cases. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Screening for Down syndrome using first‐trimester ultrasound and second‐trimester maternal serum markers in a low‐risk population: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Audibert F. , Dommergues M. , Benattar C. , Taieb J. , Thalabard J.‐C. , Frydman R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo compare nuchal translucency and second‐trimester maternal serum measurements as alternative methods of antenatal screening for Down syndrome in a low‐risk population and to evaluate the consequence of combining the results in the estimation of risk.DesignIn a consecutive series of 4130 women aged less than 38 years with a singleton pregnancy, we examined both the detection rate of Down syndrome by nuchal translucency measurement at 10–14 weeks and maternal serum screening by human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha‐fetoprotein at 14–18 weeks. Women with a nuchal translucency measurement of ≥ 3 mm and women with a maternal serum screening‐derived risk ≥ 1/250 were recommended to have amniocentesis. A second‐trimester detailed ultrasound scan was also performed in all women. The outcome of all pregnancies was recorded prospectively and the detection rate and false‐positive rate of different screening strategies were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOut of the 4130 pregnancies that were followed (mean maternal age, 30.1 years), 12 cases of Down syndrome were observed (0.28%), all detected prenatally. Seven of 12 cases had a nuchal translucency measurement of ≥ 3 mm (58%), and six out of 10 cases with available maternal serum screening had a calculated risk of ≥ 1/250 (60%). Four of the five Down syndrome cases with a nuchal translucency measurement of < 3 mm were detected by subsequent maternal serum screening. At a threshold giving 5% of positive tests, the sensitivity of nuchal translucency, maternal serum screening and combined risk screening were 75%, 60% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionsIn screening for Down syndrome, an approach which combines the results from first‐trimester nuchal translucency and second‐trimester biochemistry is effective and increases the detection rate compared to the use of any single test. However, this strategy is likely to raise the false‐positive rate and the interpretation of maternal serum screening‐derived risk should be combined with the first‐trimester nuchal translucency measurement. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology