bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Sandberg Joakim , Warenski Lisa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the emerging field of the philosophy of money and finance. The field addresses philosophical issues about the nature of money and the normative foundations of financial systems. Although philosophical theorizing about money and finance dates back to antiquity, the topic has only recently emerged as a central research focus. The chapter also introduces the present edited volume and locates the contents of its parts and chapters in the broader field. More specifically, the volume is divided into four main parts: Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, and Political Philosophy. Each part contains four chapters on different but interrelated topics, which are all introduced here.
Cryptocurrency
Authors: Passinsky Asya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To this day, many theorists regard the commodity theory and the credit theory as the two main rival accounts of the nature of money. Yet cryptocurrency has revolutionized the institution of money in ways that most commodity and credit theorists could hardly have anticipated. Assuming that cryptocurrency is a new form of money, the question arises whether the commodity and credit theories can adequately account for it. This chapter argues that they cannot. It first offers an interpretation of the commodity and credit theories according to which these theories uphold differing claims about the origin of money, the ontology of money, and the function of money. It then argues that thus understood, neither theory can accommodate cryptocurrency. Finally, it proposes a novel hybrid hylomorphic account of money which draws on aspects of both the commodity and credit theories, and it argues that this hybrid account can accommodate cryptocurrency.
Dismantling the invented state
Authors: Thorson Emily 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates potential roadblocks to dismantling the invented state by empirically testing how the effectiveness of policy corrections are affected by two factors: resistance (Do people with ideological commitments resist policy corrections?) and indifference (Do policy corrections fade over time?). A panel survey shows that exposure to corrective information increases accuracy even a month later, and its effectiveness does not vary by partisanship. In addition, a survey asking people to choose between reading a news article featuring policy-current, policy-outcome, or policy-potential coverage suggests that there is a large public appetite for information about existing policy.
Material Cause
Authors: Thomas Peter D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The second chapter enquires into what constitutes the distinctive nature of genuinely radical emancipatory politics. The notion that a purer political reason may be recovered before, beneath, or beyond “official” politics, whether in a notion of “real politics” or “the Political,” has found widespread assent in contemporary radical thought and practice. Reviewing both foundational and “reconstructive-transcendental” approaches, it is argued that Gramsci’s notion of “political society,” or the primacy of organization from above over association from below, provides a perspective that speaks more clearly to the self-emancipatory impulses of contemporary movements. The notion of political society, in its distinction from and simultaneous parasitic reliance on, civil society, provides the outlines of a critique of political modernity as a generalized process of “subalternization.” Rather than searching for an authentic politics, emancipatory political action today should instead acknowledge the necessary “impurity” of politics itself and subject it to deconstructive critique.
Recent history and current perplexed state of population ethics
Authors: Roberts M. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The idea behind maximizing consequentialism—the basic maximizing intuition—is that the moral evaluation of a choice depends on whether the future that choice gives rise to—the consequences it produces—is better for people and thus morally better than others. That raises a question: Can humans make up for failing to cure one child’s terrible disease by bringing another, healthier child into existence? Intuitively, they can’t—or so says the basic existential intuition. Yet the dominant narrative in population ethics—still the traditional total view—suggests otherwise. Chapter 1 argues that, when it comes to moral theorizing, deeply held, widely shared intuition—as distinct from “common sense morality”—is humans’ only data; they can’t ignore it. The puzzle method, wherein people work with intuition rather than against it, offers a way of taking that data into account. The upshot? A collection of principles that can be called person based consequentialism.
The asymmetry puzzle
Authors: Roberts M. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The two cases that form McMahan’s puzzle of the asymmetry are thought to show that people’s two basic intuitions are inconsistent. In the first, options for a child are just nonexistence and a miserable existence. In the second, options for a distinct child are just nonexistence and a worth-having (“happy”) existence. Intuitively, it’s morally better not to create the miserable child but not morally worse not to create the happy child. How can both intuitions be true? Failed solutions ground a child’s moral status in that child’s existential status or claim that nonexistence can’t be compared against existence. This chapter’s solution—the existence-sensitive solution—rejects moral actualism and accepts nonexistence comparability. But it then identifies an important distinction, via the highly intuitive existence condition, between never existing at all and existing and suffering. Also accepting the Pareto reduction principle, the proposed solution then easily generates both halves of the asymmetry.
The Pareto puzzle
Authors: Roberts M. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It may seem that, intuitively, when it matters to no one else, it doesn’t make things morally better or worse for agents to produce an additional well-off child. But—as both intuition and a standard Pareto principle instruct—under the same conditions it clearly does make things worse to make things worse for an existing or future child. Broome shows that those intuitions together lead to inconsistency. He avoids the inconsistency by insisting that, even when it matters to no one else, failing to produce an additional can make things worse—by, that is, rejecting the highly intuitive existence condition. But simply throwing out the pieces of a puzzle is never a viable means of truly solving the puzzle. In contrast, Temkin and Rabinowicz try actually to solve the puzzle by rejecting certain conceptual necessities (respectively, transitivity and trichotomy). This chapter argues for a third approach. The Pareto minus solution avoids throwing out any of the puzzle pieces but remains within the confines of conceptual necessity. Specifically, it avoids inconsistency by recognizing that our original articulation of intuition was muddled in a certain way and by affirming instead that, while the additional worth-having existence doesn’t make things better, it sometimes makes things worse.
The addition puzzle
Authors: Roberts M. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Prior chapters may seem to imply that an additional increment of wellbeing—say, five units—can be a moral enhancement in a given future when that future is compared against a second future yet be morally inert when that future is compared against a third future. But how can that be? It seems clear that what an additional increment of wellbeing adds to moral value must itself be fixed—must, that is, meet the stability requirement. Following a strategy shared by Broome and Feldman for addressing issues of equality and desert, the inversive existence-sensitive addition solution proposes that we should add up, not levels of raw wellbeing, but rather contributive values, defined by reference to our maximizing values as constrained by our existential values and assigned by means of a certain value inversion as we move from levels of wellbeing to levels of the values that matter for moral law.
Music in Profile
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This book reflects the increasing significance of musical performance studies in recent decades. Originally published as separate essays over thirty years, the twelve chapters have been refashioned as a monograph which is both scholarly in nature and intensely personal, building on the author’s extensive musical experience, most notably as a pianist. Hence the primary focus on piano music by Chopin, Schubert, Liszt, Brahms and Rachmaninoff. The book’s cross-cutting themes nevertheless apply to diverse performance idioms and domains. Such themes include: performance as a creative practice; performative agency and contingency; sense-making and decision-making in performance; ‘feeling’ and embodiment in performance; mental representation on the part of performers; knowledge and understanding in ‘informed performance’; intuition in performance; the emergent musical work; musical structure as shape; musical narrative as constructed through performance; the projection of identity and individuality in performance; the poverty and fecundity of musical notation; the limits and powers of verbal discourse in relation to performance; eclecticism and inclusivity in studying performance; evaluation and judgement of performance; and the experience of listening to performance. By exploring these themes in complementary ways, the book offers broad insights into musical ontology, epistemology and semantics while demonstrating various methodologies now used to study performance. Among other things, it highlights the powerful effects that experiencing music in performance can have on those who take part in it, in any capacity. There are many practical insights too. The volume has four sections, focusing on ‘performance and performance studies’, historical performance, analysis and performance, and artistic research. Case studies of romantic masterpieces for the piano feature throughout.
Moments of truth
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 is one of three in the book principally devoted to historical performance. It begins by surveying the rich seams of information related to performance that musicologists have mined over the years; the creative potential of ‘informed performance’ is then highlighted in a plea for historical investigations that acknowledge the agency of individual performers and the creative nature of the performance act. The ensuing case study assembles ‘information’ relevant to the performance of Chopin’s Nocturne in E♭ major Op. 9 No. 2 in a manner akin to the more broadly focused enquiry in chapter 1 of a prelude by the same composer. This precedes a description of an ‘illustrated talk’ given by the author some years ago in which the nocturne was played twice, back to back, though differently. The discussion of ‘illustrated talks’ – generally referred to as lecture-recitals – includes practical guidance while emphasising the artistic potential of talk-and-play events.
Playing in time
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 focuses on the manipulation of time in the performance of a ‘multi-piece’ by Brahms – the Fantasien Op. 116. A predominantly analytical investigation prompts the definition of a novel kind of historical performance practice as a strategy in performing this music. ‘Rigorous analysis’ and ‘performer’s analysis’ proceed in tandem, the latter in the problem-solving vein highlighted previously. But the analytical remit here extends further to so-called performance analysis, namely of select recordings, thus complementing the score-based orientation of earlier discussions. One premise is that performance always involves choice, and the basis for choosing, for discrimination, needs to be musically viable in some sense. To that end, the goal is to spell out the basis for and consequences of choice in performing this music, in which motivic relations are significant not just in ensuring the putative unity of the set but also, conceivably, in developing a performance conception thereof.
Analysing motif and gesture in performance
Authors: Rink John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chapter 9 picks up the baton from the first two in the section on analysis and performance by undertaking a more sophisticated ‘performance analysis’ of motif and gesture in three recordings of Chopin’s Mazurka in C major Op. 24 No. 2. A key premise is that music’s gestural properties are actualised only through the agency of performance and that such gestures can act motivically in a performance, potentially enhancing the coherence thereof. Questions are posed concerning the musical significance of the outcomes of performance analysis, the role of ‘performance motifs’ in enhancing coherence, and how the ‘hierarchy of temporally defined musical gestures’ within performances might best be modelled. To that end, the ‘essential motion’ in a particular recording by Artur Rubinstein is illustrated in a diagram featuring several types and levels of gesture. Recordings of the mazurka by Frederic Chiu and Nikita Magaloff are also discussed.
The 1970s
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the period of the 1970s, in particular the elections held in 1971 and again in 1975, which later led to the first extended suspension of parliament (1976–1981), a period that is examined in depth. This period witnessed the growth of both oil wealth and Islamism, which largely replaced Arab nationalism as a leading political ideology able to mobilize support in the country. The chapter goes on to analyze the dynamics of relations between the government, Muslim Brotherhood, and Arab nationalists, with a particular emphasis on the growth of the Muslim Brotherhood and resulting decline in prominence of Arab nationalist blocs. This also led to the government spending more of the country’s oil wealth on religious institutions and education.
The 2000s
Authors: Freer Courtney 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the 2000s, a time of upheaval, when the amir dissolved his appointed cabinet 11 times and held new parliamentary elections five times, in response to both parliamentary opposition and social movements. The chapter reviews in particular the growth of various segments of the Islamist opposition (Muslim Brotherhood, Salafi organizations, and Shiʿi groups) and the state’s reaction to that mobilization. It also discusses parliament’s role in the 2006 succession of a new amir, as well as the results of elections held in 2003, 2006, 2008, and 2009, and the impact that the large number of elections had on the previously unified and ideologically broad-based opposition.
Core Programming Concepts
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the fundamentals of writing and evaluating code in the SuperCollider environment, while refraining from delving into sound-related topics. The overall goal of the chapter is to familiarize the reader with commonplace techniques meant to enhance fluency with day-to-day practices and provide foundational support for subsequent chapters. Topics include navigating the programming environment, understanding basic terminology, and an introduction of common classes, objects, and data types (such as Integers, Floats, Strings, Symbols, Booleans, Arrays, and Functions). Keyboard shortcuts and inbuilt resources for getting help are introduced as well, including the Help Browser and Class Browser. The final few sections of this chapter touch on other important fundamental topics, such as randomness, conditional logic, and iteration.
Synthesis
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers a variety of common-practice audio synthesis techniques, and the specifics of their implementations in SuperCollider, in order to familiarize the reader with tools for generating sound using combinations of oscillators, noise generators, filters, and related tools. This chapter also marks the beginning of the second major part of this book, which presents a variety of creative techniques, characterized as essential “ingredients” that make up a large-scale creative project. Topics include additive synthesis, frequency modulation (FM) synthesis and other forms of signal modulation, wavetable-based synthesis, filters and subtractive synthesis, an introduction to modal synthesis, and waveform distortion techniques. This chapter supplies the reader with a diverse collection of simple but intriguing generative musical examples, while encouraging continued exploration.
An Event-Based Structure
Authors: Fieldsteel Eli 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Perhaps the simplest and most straightforward approach for building a large-scale musical composition in SuperCollider involves the placement of discrete musical events along a predetermined envisioned timeline, establishing a largely autonomous construction with minimal allowance of improvisation or user input, except for triggering individual musical events. This chapter presents strategies for an event-based approach to musical composition, focusing on techniques for categorizing, expressing, storing, and performing a collection of individual musical actions in chronological fashion. In addition, this chapter discusses the importance of being able to “skip” to an arbitrary point along the timeline for rehearsal purposes and shares ideas for introducing indeterminacy and randomness into a timeline-based composition.
Statelet of Survivors
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In territory liberated from the Islamic State, Syrian Kurds and their Arab and Christian allies have embarked on one of the most radical experiments in self-governance of our time. In defiance of both the Assad regime and Turkish President Erdoğan, they created a statelet to govern their semiautonomous region. Their system of local government does more to empower women and minorities than any other region of Syria. Officials of the statelet claim they are not separatists. In contrast to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which held a referendum on independence from Baghdad, the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria maintains their commitment to the unity of Syria. Instead of toppling Bashar al-Assad, they have worked to obtain, and then fiercely defend, their autonomy from Damascus. As the fight against ISIS wore on, and at the behest of the US-led Global Coalition, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) expanded far beyond the Kurdish heartland known as Rojava, gaining control of Arab-majority regions. By the time the ISIS Caliphate was defeated in March 2019, they controlled one-third of Syria and two-thirds of its resources. I trace the genealogy of this social experiment to the Republic of Mount Ararat, where a self-governing entity was proclaimed in 1927 based on solidarity between Kurds and Armenian genocide survivors. Similar to the Republic of Ararat, the Autonomous Administration is founded on the idea of equality between people of different religious and ethnic backgrounds—and on the desire to secure their continued existence, against all odds.
Life under ISIS
Authors: Holmes Amy Austin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Contrary to the common narrative, women were not just victims of the Islamic State. Some women participated in the enslavement of other women. I contend that ISIS governance was not just about elevating men into positions of dominance over women—but entailed using women as weapons against each other. Some women were subjugated, so they could in turn police, punish, and even enslave other women. This chapter first describes the “philosophy” of the Islamic State toward women, then proceeds to show how the Islamic State strived to achieve their overall objectives in three ways: restrictions on women’s freedom of movement, restrictions on women’s clothing and eyesight, and restrictions on women’s ability to interact with men. The final section includes an analysis of why the Islamic State suddenly reversed course and called women to wage jihad in the fall of 2017.
Describing . . . Dis-chord: Meet Me in St. Louis (Vincente Minnelli, 1944)
Authors: Corrigan Timothy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With attention to the musical score that dominates this penultimate sequence in the film, this is a close examination of an unusually dark moment in Meet Me in St. Louis, when the youngest sister Tootie destroys the family of snow people she has built for Christmas.
Getting started with exposure therapy
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to help readers understand the process of doing exposure therapy, including how to use self-monitoring to track progress and better recognize learning that takes place during exposure. Readers are provided a self-monitoring tool that can be used to record important information during each exposure therapy exercise. In addition, this chapter provides foundational guidance that can be used by readers when they conduct specific exposure activities recommended in subsequent chapters. Readers also learn how to use a hierarchy. Lastly, this chapter provides a straightforward “dos and don’ts” list to help readers maximize the benefits of exposure.
Overcoming your fears about doing exposure therapy
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Unfortunately, there are widespread misunderstandings about exposure therapy among both patients and professionals, which often leads to fears and avoidance of this therapy. This chapter helps readers address residual fear about engaging in exposure. After reminding readers of the benefits of exposure, the chapter helps them explore potential lingering doubts regarding whether exposure will work for them and they are ready to start exposure. Readers are encouraged to consider the short- and long-term pros and cons of starting exposure immediately. To the authors’ knowledge, this chapter is the first of its kind to directly identify and address common concerns about doing exposure therapy with the aim of maximizing readers’ engagement in the therapy.
Involving carers and other support people
Authors: Farrell Nicholas R. , Becker Carolyn Black , Waller Glenn 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recruiting support for family and carers can be important for helping the individual to implement exposure therapy and overcome their eating disorder concerns. It is important to be able to recruit support from such individuals so that they can support and coach the person with the eating disorder to face their fears. Such assistance to change eating disorder behaviors and fears can reduce the burden of care that family and carers experience. However, it is also important to ensure that carers are skilled in supporting exposure therapy without accommodating the fears or being critical. The skill of firm empathy is key to any such support, allowing the family and carers to balance their understanding of the experience of the eating problem with the firmness to support the individual to change.