bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Anorectal Malformations in German Hospitals: Analysis of National Hospital Discharge Data from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Wilms Miriam , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Märzheuser Stefanie , Busse Reinhard , Nimptsch Ulrike 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are complex congenital anomalies. The corrective operation is demanding and schedulable. Based on complete national data, patterns of care have not been analyzed in Germany yet.
Methods All cases with ARM were analyzed (1) at the time of birth and (2) during the hospital stay for the corrective operation, based on the national hospital discharge data (DRG statistics). Patient's comorbidities, treatment characteristics, hospital structures, and the outcome of corrective operations were analyzed with respect to the hospitals' caseload.
Results From 2016 to 2021, 1,726 newborns with ARM were treated at the time of birth in 388 hospitals. Of these hospitals, 19% had neither a pediatric nor a pediatric surgical department. At least one additional congenital anomaly was present in 49% of cases and 7% of the newborns had a birthweight below 1,500 g.In all, 2,060 corrective operations for ARM were performed in 113 hospitals in the same time period. In 24.5% of cases, at least one major complication was documented. One-third of the operations were performed in 56 hospitals, one-third in 20 hospitals, and one-third in 10 hospitals with median annual case numbers of 2, 5, and 10, respectively.Hospitals with the highest caseload operated cloacal defects more often than hospitals with the lowest caseload (7 vs. 2%) and had more early complications than hospitals with the lowest caseload (30 vs. 21%). This difference was not statistically significant after risk adjustment.
Conclusions Children with ARM are multimorbid. Early complications after corrective surgery are common. Considering the large number of hospitals with a very low caseload, centralization of care for the complex and elective corrective surgery for ARM remains a key issue for quality of care.
Stagnation and De-segregation: The Expansion of Palestinian Arabs Education in Israel
Authors: Bar-Haim Eyal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince the 1990s, Israel has gone through a significant academic educational expansion. However, the part of the Israeli citizen Palestinian Arab population in this expansion was delayed until the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of the delayed participation of the Arab population in academic educational expansion. Using age-period-cohort models and labor force surveys from 1995 until 2021, I present the trends in the increasing participation of Palestinian Arabs and Jews in academic education. The results suggest that the primary cause of this increase was a change in gender norms that enabled Palestinian Arab women to engage more fully in educational pursuits. The differences among the Arab population (Muslims, Druze, and Christians) are also discussed.
Utilising the communication for development approach to prevent online child trafficking in Thailand
Authors: Kranrattanasuit Naparat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn Thailand, predators use online and offline methods to exploit migrant children as forced labourers in various industries, including shrimp and seafood processing, construction and agriculture. This study examines the current status of online child trafficking and considers how the communication for development (C4D) approach can be utilised to prevent these crimes. This study reviews papers and reports published in Thailand and abroad on online child and human trafficking, prevention methods and C4D. Moreover, the study used purposive sampling and interviewed Thai government officials and representatives from non-government organisations (NGOs) with expertise in migration issues. The findings reveal that human traffickers deceive migrant children into online child labour and trafficking through unregulated online channels. However, the Thai government has collaborated with local and international NGOs to apply C4D to reach out to children seeking employment in safe online spaces to prevent child trafficking. This paper argues that C4D is helpful for raising public awareness of the threats posed by human trafficking. Simultaneously, specific labour groups employ C4D Plus, which may be applicable in the prevention of online child trafficking.
Dimensions for a scale to evaluate the initial responses by organisational leaders against the pandemic
Authors: Bozkurt Bilgehan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough there is a need for empirical studies to examine pandemic leadership, the existing scales of leadership assessment are controversial. The purpose, here, is to propose dimensions that could set foundations for an “organisational leadership evaluation scale” that evaluates the scientific significance of initial responses by organisational leaders against “the novel Coronavirus pandemic”. The research question is a practical one: “How can organisational leaders lead their organisations as a pandemic that has just started is increasingly raising concerns on health?”. Review research and a systematic review of the pre-pandemic publications about leadership, organisation, pandemic and health among various electronic scientific databases (e.g., Web of Science, Scopus, etc.) motivate new knowledge. The dimensions of what would have been a significant initial response to the pandemic are broadly emphasising health, having a global understanding, recognising competencies, not losing control and prioritising trust. These gender-neutral and style-free dimensions could form the dimensions of an “organisational leadership evaluation scale”. To perform, there is a need to support learning and “depth of knowledge” and to oppose superficiality, “convenience information” and “knowledge deficit”.
A contrastive analysis of English deverbal -er synthetic compounds and their Italian
equivalents
Authors: Mattiello Elisa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study deals with English synthetic compounds ending in -er, such as heartbreaker,
time-killer, and bodybuilder, and their Italian equivalents. Synthetic compounds are very productive
in Germanic languages (e.g. E. heartbreaker, G. Herzensbrecher, D.
hartenbreker), but virtually absent in Romance languages, where various morphological forms and word-formation
strategies are used to render the same concepts (cf. It. rubacuori, Sp. rompecorazones, Fr.
tombeur). The analysis of English synthetic compounds still remains a controversial topic in morphological
accounts, with a lively theoretical debate between two mutually exclusive hypotheses, i.e. whether synthetic compounds have to be
analyzed as derivations (i.e. [[heart break] [-er]]) or as compounds (i.e.
[[heart] [break-er]]). In word-formation, they are part of transitional morphology, i.e.
they have an ambivalent status between derivation and compounding. This study explores a collection of about 100 English synthetic
compounds drawn from the English Lexicon Project database and compares them with their possible Italian
renditions. The contrastive analysis mainly aims at highlighting differences between the two morphological systems (cf. E.
time-killer/It. passatempo). Moreover, the study examines the translation procedures used to
render English synthetic compounds in OPUS2 Italian. Corpus-based results confirm that English and Italian display
language-specific constructions which may result in mis- or under-translation.
Design analysis of hybrid solar-wind renewable energy systems using water strider optimization
Authors: P Murugeswari , S Selvaperumal , S Nagalakshmi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hybrid energy systems (HES) have the potential to reduce global warming and provide an affordable alternative to provide electricity access to remote regions. This paper proposes an optimal design of HES using water strider optimisation (WSO) with multi-objective parameters. A selection of appropriate components, sizing, radius index, pitch control, and battery bank size for a HES system is optimised with the WSO algorithm. The objective is to provide cost-efficient, dependable, and alternative energy optimisation in various load demand conditions. The designed parameters, including a battery bank of 2.5 kWh to 800 kWh, a solar photovoltaic (PV) array size of 50 kW to 300 kW in terms of load demand, a 2-axis tracking PV system with an area of 12 m2, and a wind turbine (WT) with a swept area of 22 m2 and a hub height of 12.3 m, make up an optimised HES. The single-family energy demand in India is the topic of this study, with a lifespan of 20 to 30 years.
Multi-kilowatt cw laser power measurement comparison between national standards
Authors: Rogers Kyle , Williams Paul , Pastuschek Marcel , Lecher Holger , Kück Stefan , Lopez Marco , Lehman John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present here the first comparison between National Metrology Institutes of high accuracy continuous wave optical power measurements in the kilowatt regime. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) performed measurements with a power meter relying on photon momentum. The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) performed measurements with a modified off-the-shelf thermal power meter. The non-absorbing photon momentum measurement approach permits the two power meters to measure the same laser beam optical path simultaneously, resulting in a direct comparison of the meters supported by an optical system to accommodate differences in instrument settling times. The results show agreement within the expanded uncertainties for each instrument. NIST and PTB illustrate a degree of equivalence of 0.49% with an expanded uncertainty of 1.37% (k = 2) for an average result across all power levels.
Research and development of the high precision low field dipole magnet for CEPC Booster
Authors: Kang Wen , Zhou Jianxin , Li Yuhui , Dai Xuwen , Guo Runbing , Mu Zhihui , Pan Juntong , Yang Mei , Chen Fusan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) stage of the Circular
Electron and Positron Collider (CEPC), the injection energy of the
Booster is 10 GeV and minimal working field of the dipole magnets
is only 29 G, the magnets with iron cores could not meet the
requirement of the field precision due to the remnant field. In the
CEPC Technical Design Report (TDR) stage, the injection energy of
the Booster is increased to 30 GeV and the minimal working field of
the dipole magnets is raised to 95 G so that the influence of the
remnant field becomes relatively small, the iron core dipole magnets
can be used for the Booster. In this paper, the technical design of
the CEPC Booster dipole magnets is described, the development and
test of a full scale prototype pure dipole magnet are presented.
Braided biomimetic PCL grafts for anterior cruciate ligament repair and regeneration
Authors: Kadyr Sanazar , Nurmanova Ulpan , Khumyrzakh Bakhytbol , Zhakypbekova Aida , Saginova Dina , Daniyeva Nurgul , Erisken Cevat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a knee joint stabilizer with a limited regeneration capacity mainly because of low cellular content. State-of-the-art procedures are unable to restore the functions of the tissue as demonstrated by limited success rates. Regenerative engineering can offer a solution for restoring the functions of torn/ruptured ligaments provided that biomimetic grafts are available as grafts/scaffolds. However, a model construct to test behavior of cells to better understand the healing mechanism of ACL is still missing. This study, firstly, aimed at creating an injured rabbit ACL model. Then, the injured and healthy ACL tissues were characterized in terms of alignment and diameter distributions of collagen fibrils. Next, polycaprolactone (PCL) grafts were prepared from braided electrospun meshes and were characterized in terms of alignment and diameter distributions of fibers. Finally, biomechanical properties of ACL tissue and mechanical properties of PCL grafts were determined and compared. Findings demonstrated that distributions of the fiber diameters of PCL electrospun grafts were similar to diameter distribution of collagens of healthy and injured rabbit ACL. The novelty of this study relies on the determination of the diameter distribution of collagens of healthy and injured rabbit ACL tissues, and fabrication of PCL grafts with diameter distributions similar to that seen in healthy and injured ACLs. This study is significant because it addresses a worldwide clinical problem associated with millions of patients. The fibrous biomimetic graft designed in this study is different from the traditional grafts that exhibit unimodal distribution, and it is expected to have a significant contribution to ACL regeneration efforts.
Acceleration and interannual variability of creep rates in mountain permafrost landforms (rock glacier velocities) in the European Alps in 1995–2022
Authors: Kellerer-Pirklbauer Andreas , Bodin Xavier , Delaloye Reynald , Lambiel Christophe , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle , Bonnefoy-Demongeot Mylène , Carturan Luca , Damm Bodo , Eulenstein Julia , Fischer Andrea , Hartl Lea , Ikeda Atsushi , Kaufmann Viktor , Krainer Karl , Matsuoka Norikazu , Morra Di Cella Umberto , Noetzli Jeannette , Seppi Roberto , Scapozza Cristian , Schoeneich Philippe , Stocker-Waldhuber Martin , Thibert Emmanuel , Zumiani Matteo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cryospheric long-term timeseries get increasingly important. To document climate-related effects on long-term viscous creep of ice-rich mountain permafrost, we investigated timeseries (1995–2022) of geodetically-derived Rock Glacier Velocity (RGV), i.e. spatially averaged interannual velocity timeseries related to a rock glacier (RG) unit or part of it. We considered 50 RGV from 43 RGs spatially covering the entire European Alps. Eight of these RGs are destabilized. Results show that RGV are distinctly variable ranging from 0.04 to 6.23 m a−1. Acceleration and deceleration at many RGs are highly correlated with similar behaviour over 2.5 decades for 15 timeseries. In addition to a general long-term, warming-induced trend of increasing velocities, three main phases of distinct acceleration (2000–2004, 2008–2015, 2018–2020), interrupted by deceleration or steady state conditions, were identified. The evolution is attributed to climate forcing and underlines the significance of RGV as a product of the Essential Climate Variable (ECV) permafrost. We show that RGV data are valuable as climate indicators, but such data should always be assessed critically considering changing local factors (geomorphic, thermal, hydrologic) and monitoring approaches. To extract a climate signal, larger RGV ensembles should be analysed. Criteria for selecting new RGV-sites are proposed.
Artificial tumor matrices and bioengineered tools for tumoroid generation
Authors: Liu Yung-Chiang , Chen Ping , Chang Ray , Liu Xingjian , Jhang Jhe-Wei , Enkhbat Myagmartsend , Chen Shan , Wang Hongxia , Deng Chuxia , Wang Peng-Yuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. The TME contains cancer-associated cells, tumor matrix, and tumor secretory factors. The fabrication of artificial tumors, so-called tumoroids, is of great significance for the understanding of tumorigenesis and clinical cancer therapy. The assembly of multiple tumor cells and matrix components through interdisciplinary techniques is necessary for the preparation of various tumoroids. This article discusses current methods for constructing tumoroids (tumor tissue slices and tumor cell co-culture) for pre-clinical use. This article focuses on the artificial matrix materials (natural and synthetic materials) and biofabrication techniques (cell assembly, bioengineered tools, bioprinting, and microfluidic devices) used in tumoroids. This article also points out the shortcomings of current tumoroids and potential solutions. This article aims to promotes the next-generation tumoroids and the potential of them in basic research and clinical application.
Study and simulation of GaInP single junction solar cell
Authors: Charane H , Mahrane A , Mesrane A , Mazouz H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to improve the electrical performances of the GaxIn1-xP single junction solar cell. To this objective, a single-junction solar cell GaxIn1-xP has been simulated with different doping concentrations and thicknesses of the emitter and base region in order to improve its conversion efficiency. The simulations have been done taking into account the optical, electrical and physical properties of the GaxIn1-xP according to the indium composition. The physical models such as the radiative, Auger and Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination were also considered. The optimized single junction Ga0.04In0.96P (1.39 eV) solar cell structure achieved, showed, under standard conditions (1-sun, AM1.5, 300 K), a maximum conversion efficiency of 23.73%. Moreover, the effects of the thickness and the doping concentration of each region on the electrical parameters of the Ga0.04In0.96P solar cell were also studied.
Structure prediction of linear and cyclic peptides using CABS-flex
Authors: Badaczewska-Dawid Aleksandra , Wróblewski Karol , Kurcinski Mateusz , Kmiecik Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The structural modeling of peptides can be a useful aid in the discovery of new drugs and a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of life. Here we present a novel multiscale protocol for the structure prediction of linear and cyclic peptides. The protocol combines two main stages: coarse-grained simulations using the CABS-flex standalone package and an all-atom reconstruction-optimization process using the Modeller program. We evaluated the protocol on a set of linear peptides and two sets of cyclic peptides, with cyclization through the backbone and disulfide bonds. A comparison with other state-of-the-art tools (APPTEST, PEP-FOLD, ESMFold and AlphaFold implementation in ColabFold) shows that for most cases, AlphaFold offers the highest resolution. However, CABS-flex is competitive, particularly when it comes to short linear peptides. As demonstrated, the protocol performance can be further improved by combination with the residue–residue contact prediction method or more efficient scoring. The protocol is included in the CABS-flex standalone package along with online documentation to aid users in predicting the structure of peptides and mini-proteins.
MoDAFold: a strategy for predicting the structure of missense mutant protein based on AlphaFold2 and molecular dynamics
Authors: Zheng Lingyan , Shi Shuiyang , Sun Xiuna , Lu Mingkun , Liao Yang , Zhu Sisi , Zhang Hongning , Pan Ziqi , Fang Pan , Zeng Zhenyu , Li Honglin , Li Zhaorong , Xue Weiwei , Zhu Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Protein structure prediction is a longstanding issue crucial for identifying new drug targets and providing a mechanistic understanding of protein functions. To enhance the progress in this field, a spectrum of computational methodologies has been cultivated. AlphaFold2 has exhibited exceptional precision in predicting wild-type protein structures, with performance exceeding that of other methods. However, predicting the structures of missense mutant proteins using AlphaFold2 remains challenging due to the intricate and substantial structural alterations caused by minor sequence variations in the mutant proteins. Molecular dynamics (MD) has been validated for precisely capturing changes in amino acid interactions attributed to protein mutations. Therefore, for the first time, a strategy entitled ‘MoDAFold’ was proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of missense mutant protein structure prediction by combining AlphaFold2 with MD. Multiple case studies have confirmed the superior performance of MoDAFold compared to other methods, particularly AlphaFold2.
HiTaxon: a hierarchical ensemble framework for taxonomic classification of short reads
Authors: Verma Bhavish , Parkinson John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Whole microbiome DNA and RNA sequencing (metagenomics and metatranscriptomics) are pivotal to determining the functional roles of microbial communities. A key challenge in analyzing these complex datasets, typically composed of tens of millions of short reads, is accurately classifying reads to their taxa of origin. While still performing worse relative to reference-based short-read tools in species classification, ML algorithms have shown promising results in taxonomic classification at higher ranks. A recent approach exploited to enhance the performance of ML tools, which can be translated to reference-dependent classifiers, has been to integrate the hierarchical structure of taxonomy within the tool’s predictive algorithm.

Results
Here, we introduce HiTaxon, an end-to-end hierarchical ensemble framework for taxonomic classification. HiTaxon facilitates data collection and processing, reference database construction and optional training of ML models to streamline ensemble creation. We show that databases created by HiTaxon improve the species-level performance of reference-dependent classifiers, while reducing their computational overhead. In addition, through exploring hierarchical methods for HiTaxon, we highlight that our custom approach to hierarchical ensembling improves species-level classification relative to traditional strategies. Finally, we demonstrate the improved performance of our hierarchical ensembles over current state-of-the-art classifiers in species classification using datasets comprised of either simulated or experimentally derived reads.

Availability and implementation
HiTaxon is available at: https://github.com/ParkinsonLab/HiTaxon.
Breastfeeding decreases the risk of developing psoriasis through to early adulthood
Authors: Das Debojyoti , Thimjo Joana , Lebena Andrea , Guo Annie , Enerbäck Charlotta , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis is a genetically determined systemic skin disease, although environmental trigger factors are required for disease manifestation. Some of these triggers, such as stress, infections and drug exposure, have been identified.

Objectives
To explore the role of early nutrition as a risk factor for the development of psoriasis.

Methods
Parents in the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) prospective birth cohort (n = 16 415) answered questionnaires at birth and when their children were aged 1 and 3 years. A diagnosis of psoriasis was determined from the Swedish National Patient Register and National Drug Prescription Register. Statistical analyses were conducted using custom-written R scripts.

Results
Individuals breastfed for &lt; 4 months and who received infant formula before 4 months of age had a higher risk of psoriasis [odds ratio (OR) 1.84 (P = 0.02) and OR 1.88 (P = 0.02), respectively]. At the 3-year follow-up, the increased consumption of fish, especially from the Baltic Sea, increased the risk of psoriasis (OR 9.61; P = 0.003). In addition, the risk of psoriasis increased following the consumption of a large volume of milk (OR 2.53; P = 0.04).

Conclusions
Our study underscores, for the first time, the impact of very early nutrition on the manifestation of psoriasis through early adulthood. Exclusive breastfeeding for 4 months appears to be protective.