bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Ultrasonics
Authors: Cobbold Richard S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Up to this point, it has generally been assumed that the excitation is sufficiently small so that linearity can be assumed. In practice, for both ultrasound diagnostic and therapeutic applications, this condition is frequently exceeded. For diagnostic applications where a short, high-amplitude transmit pulse is used to obtain good resolution and sensitivity, the amplitude is often sufficiently large that non Hnear effects become apparent [7-9]. As will be discussed in Chapter 8 (section 8.6), the presence of nonlinearity in B-mode imaging enables harmonic imaging to be achieved with the potential advantage of improved spatial resolution [10]. In therapeutic use, such as in lithotripsy, where a shock wave is generated near the focal zone for the purpose of kidney stone fragmentation, a high degree of nonlinearity occurs in the propagation process, especially as the wavefront approaches the focal zone. Similarly, when high-intensity focused ultrasound is used to raise the temperature of a localized zone, nonlinear effects often become important. Further details of the biomedical aspects of nonlinear ultrasound are contained in the reviews by Carstensen and Bacon [11] and Duck [12]. A number of excellent books and chapters devoted to nonlinear acoustics provide a much more detailed account at both the advanced and introductory levels [1-6].
Ultrasound Imaging Arrays
Authors: Cobbold Richard S C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound images differ from their optical counterpart in that they map the local acoustic properties of the medium such as the density and compressibility as opposed to the optical properties. They are subject to distortion from a variety of sources, including diffraction, attenuation, dispersion, and inhomogeneities in the medium. Imaging arrays enable acoustic images to be obtained without the need for mechanical scanning of single-element transducers, and they can do so at a sufficiently high frame rate that avoids significant motion distortion caused by fast-moving structures such as those in the heart. Developments in transducers and array design, together with new signal-processing techniques, have enabled major improvements to be made in ultrasound contrast, resolution, dynamic range, frame rate, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). This chapter is the first of two concerned with the theory, design, and application of arrays for 2-D and 3-D imaging. It begins with a brief historical overview that describes how ultrasound imaging evolved from pulse-echo metal flaw detectors and was influenced by the techniques developed for radar during World War II. Simple CW excited 1-D arrays consisting of point source elements will first be examined. This leads to the concepts of beam focusing and steering using pulse-excited array elements of finite size.
When She Was Bad: Borderline Personality Disorder in a Posttraumatic Age
Authors: Becker Dana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within the past decade, two syndromes—borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—have quickly become “women’s” diagnoses, each for its own reason. It has been suggested that the increase in the application of the borderline diagnosis to women owes much to the fact that, over the decades, its diagnostic criteria have been reshaped to resemble those of the affective disorders, such that these criteria have come less and less to represent the “border” between psychosis and neurosis from which the disorder takes its name (Kroll, 1988). In the case of PTSD, the scope of its application has broadened to include those individuals who suffer the psychological aftereffects of sexual or physical abuse, a large proportion of whom are women.
Coping Strategies, Lifestyle Changes, and Pessimism after Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Ben-Zur Hasida , Rappaport Batya , Ammar Ronny , Uretzky Gideon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coronary heart disease is a major physical illness and one of the main causes of death in Western society (Fitzgerald, Tennen, Affleck, & Pransky, 1993; Trzcieniecka-Green & Steptoe, 1994). People who do not die an early and sudden death may have to consider a major surgical treatment, the most prevalent being coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). More than 350,000 such operations are performed annually in the United States alone (Kulik & Mahler, 1993). This operation prolongs the life of patients in cases of triple-vessel disease (Passamani, Davis, Gillespie, & Killip, 1985). It also improves patients’ quality of life (Jenkins, Stanton & Jono, 1994), thus providing them with the opportunity for successful rehabilitation.
Constructing Ethnicity: Culture and Ethnic Conflict in the New World Disorder
Authors: Avruch Kevin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For scholars of the postmodernist persuasion, the great insight into ethnicity—ethnic identity, nationalism, culture, history, or most everything else that is social, for that matter—is that ethnicity is socially constructed: not a given but rather a made thing, and thus potentially unstable, inconstant, and negotiable. Taken to an epistemological extreme, most elegantly perhaps by Richard Rorty, this position exercises different sorts of foundationalists, truth-correspondence theorists, and conservatives, and has generated tremendous turmoil in the teapot of the academy. But what makes this insight worth pursuing (and it is, at least in the long run, essentially correct) is that it so sharply flies in the face of what most ethnic “actors,” the players themselves, believe.
Impact of the Threat of War on Children in Military Families
Authors: Ryan-Wenger Nancy A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1990, the number of United States military personnel deployed for war and operations other than war has been at an all-time high. Active-duty and reserve military personnel constantly train and prepare for war and deployment. But how prepared for war are the 3.36 million children of military parents? What is it like for children who have parents who could be deployed at any moment? To what extent does living with the threat of war cause fear, anxiety, or other emotional responses in children? How do children cope with this pervasive threat to their security and family structure? Are military health care providers overlooking a need for anticipatory guidance or intervention for military families?
“Less Is Best”: A Group-based Treatment Program for Persons with Personality Disorders
Authors: Hurdle Donna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Group work has become a popular method of providing mental health services in today’s managed mental health care environment (MacKenzie, 1996; Rosenberg and Zimet, 1995). This method is being used for a great variety of mental health problems, from depression and anxiety disorders to treatment of persons with more severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. Severe personality disorders can be just as debilitating as any of these Axis I disorders, and many clients are diagnosed with both (American Psychiatric Association, 1994; Benjamin, 1993). Personality disorders can be a challenge to provide services for in even the most resource-rich environment and can seem virtually impossible to serve in a managed care environment. Among the personality disorders, the borderline syndrome is often considered the most intractable and difficult to treat (Gabbard, 1998).
Identifying Human Remains Following an Air Disaster: The Role of Social Work
Authors: Newhill Christina E , Sites Edward W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Crisis intervention theory and practice have tradtionally been within the purview of social work (Fein & Knaut, 1986; Groner, 1978; Hepworth & Larsen, 1993; Lukton, 1982; Newhill, 1989; Slaikeu, 1984). The origin of modern crisis intervention methodology may be traced to the work of Erich Lindemann (1944) and his colleagues following the Coconut Grove nightclub fire in Boston on November 28, 1942 in which 493 people perished. His clinical report on the psychological aftermath of this disaster and the interventions thought to be effective in mitigating the distress of family members of the victims laid the foundation for the development of approaches to disaster response (Newhill, 1989).
The Value of Pets in Geriatric Practice: A Program Example
Authors: Ebenstein Helene , Wortham Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A program designed to help elderly pet owners is succeeding in reaching people in unexpected ways. Older clients who are willing to accept help for their pets, but not for themselves, at first participate in the program for services such as dog walking and transportation to a veterinarian. In time, they get to know and trust the volunteer and social worker providing the services. The relationships that develop because of a shared concern for the well-being of an animal eventually create an opportunity for wary seniors to begin dealing with other important issues.
Evaluation of Yoga and Meditation Trainings with Adolescent Sex Offenders
Authors: Derezotes David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A sizable national effort is now exerted to deal with adolescent sex offenders, and the potential negative impact of sexual assault on children has been well-established (Becker, 1990). In response to increasing rates of adolescent sex offenders, there are now over 650 inpatient and outpatient treatment centers for adolescent sex offenders in the United States (Lakey, 1993). Little is yet known about the rates of recidivism of adolescents in these programs, but the evidence suggests that community-based treatment programs (in which the teens continue living at home) may be most effective in reducing recidivism (Rasmussen, 1995).
A.P. Carter and Sara Carter
Authors: Smith Lee 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I grew up on the music of the Carter family. Their first-ever recorded versions of our region’s old songs forever shaped my sense of narrative and place. Vzsionary genius A. P Carter was the first to understand the value and importance of the Appalachian area ‘s traditional music; he put his family in the car and took them to record for Ralph Peer at the historic Bnstol Sessions of r927 in Bnstol, Tennessee. Country music as we know it - or as we knew it, to be exact- was born there. Though Sara and A. P Carter and hzs szster-in-law Maybelle Carter (who formed the original group) have long since been eclipsed by subsequent stars--including their own family members Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash- we must not forget their importance. They gave voice to an almost invisible people in a poor, zsolated part of America, articulating their values, beliefi, and passions; documenting their hzstory and their lives. Thzs music has evolved and changed over the years, yet it continues to sing the working man’s-and woman’s-song, expressing our frustrations and our dreams. Their legacy of language, story, and song continues to make us mindful of who we are, as it delights and inspires us today.
John Jay Chapmall
Authors: Barzum Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One has on(y to read the. first ten pages of A Glance towards Shakespeare to know that one is in the presence of a master critic and prose writer: John Jay Chapman z:1· a literar:r genius whom America lzasyet to value - and er?h};.fc&gt;r he 1:) immense(y enjoyable. I11:1, vision is unique(y enlightening and entertaining, and his sty-le simply original. Hz:1· range, too, Z:1’ notable. It goes from ci{y politics to poetry- and philosoph;y and ,Jom estimates a/great American. figures to anertraordinary utterance at the scene of a lynching. In I9I2 Chapman went to Coatesville, Penns;ylvania, at the nsk of his life to hold a “prrqer meeting” after the cruel death of a roung Negro. Chapman was alma pioneer in the civil rights movement through lu:) short biography, a/William Lio.rd Garrison, as fresh toda.r in word and thought as il was nine{y_rears ago.
Robert Latou Dickinson
Authors: Kennedy David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Robert Latou Dickinson died in I95o. first encountered him some sixteen .rears later, in the course of researching mr doctoal dissertation, later published as Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger. Propelled b.r no more than a hunch and a hope, I made mr war one bitter(y cold da.r in I966 through fresh-fallen snow across Central Park to the New York Academ.r of Medicine on Fifth Avenue and the office of Dr. Christopher Tietze, once Dickinson s own. To mr delight, Tietze pulled/ram a shelf in hz:, closet several long-neglected cardboard ho.res of papers relating to Dickinson’s involvement with ivlargaret Sanger and the birth control movement in the r92os and I93os. Those dusty cartons proved the answer to a researcher’s prayer: They introduced me to a fascinating human being, a pioneer in the scientific stud of sexual practice, a proponent of often daring reforms respecting womens attire, diet, exercise, and erotic fulfillment, and a gifted artist who often i!lmtrated his own medical publications and e.r:hibited work at the New York World’., Fair in I939-1940. He was also the leading gynecologzs·t of !us· day. HZ:, papers proved incornparab(y rich in educating me about the historical development of the medical profession in the early twentieth centur. about the technical history of contraceptive devices, and about the myriad difficulties that beset Margaret Sangers extraordinary struggle to make contraception an accepted part of clinical practice.
Dorothy Draper
Authors: Brown Katie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My infatuation with the interior designer Dorothy Draper began with my love of hot dogs. When I was young I would eat one thing and one thing only-hot dogs with mustard. I also had a favorite place to eat my meal and that was Howard John- son s. The grilled dogs satisfied my stomach. But the colors of the restaurant, a combination of bright orange and turquoise blue, dazzled in my eyes. Dorothy Draper, the restaurant’s designer, was brave enough to pair these colors. I developed my most significant attachment to Dorothy Draper during the long summer days in a small northern Michigan town. These days were often slow, dull, and depressing. But there was always one day I looked forward to: the day my mother, my sisters, and I spent on Mackinaw Island. My sisters loved the horseback riding, the boat rides, and the chocolate fudge. But I had eyes only for Grand Hotel. It is a beautiful white Victorian fortress. The outside took my breath away, but the inside made my heart beat fast. There was no doubt about it - Dorothy had been there. The long halls, the dining rooms, and the shops were all decorated in bright colors, long stripes, and soft.florals. Each wall,. floor, and furniture covering seemed so whimsical they seemed to possess their own dzstinctive, enticing scent. We usually settled in some corner where we ordered tea and cakes. I would nestle in comfortably on some big over-stuffed yummy chair covered in the softest, brightest fabric the back of my knees had ever felt. Dorothy Draper was not only a maverick in my profession, she was the magician who entertained and inspired the imagination of a growing girl.
John England
Authors: Greeley Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John England, the.first Catholic bishop of Charleston, is the invisible giant of the Catholic Church in the United States because he was able, almost two centuries before the fact, to anticipate the changes thatVatican Council II enacted for the whole Church. England’s conviction that Catholicism was compatible with American democracy, while a minority opinion in his own time, demonstrates that there was an element in the Catholic heritage that was capable of embracing progress, growth, and freedom and of engaging in friendly conversation with those who were not Catholic.
John Hoskins Griscom
Authors: Wallance Mike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1842, John H Griscom, a learned and pious Quaker physician, ssued a scorching report on sanitary conditions in the city. Griscom had seen the effects of living in cellars and tenements close up during hzs years of service at the New York Dzspensary and New York Hospital, and when he was appointed to the post of city inspector in 1842, he embarked on a comprehensive survey of city health.
Adolf Meyer
Authors: Solomon Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though born in Switzerland, Adolf Meyer made the great American leap that was to distinguish US. therapeutic process from the European models from which it was derived. In this fresh country of self invention, he saw that learning to accommodate ones character was not a sufficient goal for psychodynamics. Here in America, he saw, one could change ones character. No longer would you struggle merely to gain tolerance of your flaws; rather, you would eviscerate them. Meyer believed that man had infinite adaptive capacities, embodied in the full plasticity of thought. It was a vision of inspired optimism, in keeping with the brave liberalisms ofWilliam James and John Dewey, and it changed psychotherapy forever.
Albert Jay Nock
Authors: Buckley William F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Albert Jay Nock is insufficient(r honored for the stylist he indisputably was. His devotion to the English language was total but also discriminating. There was also his copious memory of just about everything there is to be learned about Rabelais or touched on by the classics. He belongs in Oxford, in all the libraries, at deck levelB.
DeWitt Wallace
Authors: Brown Helen Gurley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dewitt Wallace started a publication from nowhere that now circles the world and through the years has enlightened and iriformed readers like no other. I read Reader’s Digest from cover to cover every month and subscribed to the Digest for every editor at Cosmo all the years I was there. I pointed out that the Digest edited better than any place in the world in terms of pulling in materials (or assigning) and then condensing and even improving, so that the Digest version was almost better than the original. Wallace did not buy something and do a rehash- he created and had enormous i,ifluence on the publishing world that continues to this day.
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Authors: Brown Tina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ida Wells strikes so many chords for me, as a woman, a journalist, and an editor, who was well enough known in her time to be invited to England to lecture, that I am surprised by how little she is known today. Every- schoolchild in America and Britain knows that Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in1955 and that Martin Luther King organized the famous boycott. Ida Wells did both these things seven decades before-and that was only the overture of her lifelong struggle for gender and racial justice.
Frank W. Woolworth
Authors: Homes A M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frank Winfield Woolworth, revolutionary retailer, entrepreneur, visionary-by the end of his life the concept of the five-and ten-cent store was synonymous with his name. Woolworth s: this was place you went for everything, the most necessary and the absolutely unnecessary. This is where I learned to shop, where my mother, remembering the Woolworths of her youth, let me loose on Saturday mornings, to wander, to explore. A phantasmagoria, an education, a treasure chest of temptation, a wide expanse with counters that went on forever, wooden floors, oiled to keep dirt from sticking, the whole store filled with the scent of fresh popped popcorn, of roasting peanuts, the sweet tweak of dark chocolates. Every row was an adventure, from buttons and bobbins, to pencil cases, lunch boxes, poster-board, glue and glitter, Halloween costumes, valentines, parakeets and goldfish that seemed to live forever. There was something for everyone and then some, things you could.find nowhere else, things you never knew existed, things you never knew you needed until you saw them there.
The Rumble of Discontent
Authors: Kennedy David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As 1935 opened, what history was to remember as the New Deal had not yet happened. Franklin Roosevelt had given the country an abundance of the “bold, persistent experimentation” that he had promised in the presidential campaign of 1932, as well as a stiff dose of the “action along new lines . . . action, action” that he had urged upon his advisers just before taking office in 1933. The sheer activism of the new administration no doubt helped to shore up the national spirit in a season of despair, as did Roosevelt’s own carbonated optimism – “it seemed to generate from him as naturally as heat from fire,” one awed presidential dinner guest wrote. But nations –and their leaders–can subsist on solely spiritual nourishment little longer than they can live on bread alone. Despite the exhilaration of the Hundred Days, despite the exertions of the NRA and the AM, despite the reopening of the banks and the efforts of federal relief agencies, despite all the ingenuity and exuberance of Roosevelt and his New Dealers, the Depression persisted. After two full years of the New Deal, one in five American workers remained jobless. The tonic effect of Roosevelt’s inaugural declaration that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself” had long since worn off.
What the New Deal Did
Authors: Kennedy David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not with a bang, but a whimper, the New Deal petered out in 1938. Roosevelt’s annual message to Congress in January 1939 was his first in which he did not propose new social and economic programs. “We have now passed the period of internal conflict in the launching of our program of social reform,” he announced. “Our full energies may now be released to invigorate the processes of recovery in order to preserve our reforms.” As it happened, recovery awaited not the release of more New Deal energies but the unleashing of the dogs of war. Yet the end of reform scarcely meant the end of social and economic change, nor even the end of pursuing those goals the New Deal had championed, especially the goal of security. When the war brought recovery at last, a recovery that inaugurated the most prosperous quarter century America has ever known, it brought it to an economy and a country that the New Deal had fundamentally altered. Indeed, the achievements of the New Deal years surely played a role in determining the degree and the duration of postwar prosperity.
To the Brink
Authors: Kennedy David m. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The supreme geopolitical fact of the modern era, Prince Bismarck is alleged to have remarked, is that the Americans speak English. Winston Churchill, with his incessant references to the common ideals and interests of the “English-speaking peoples,” exploited that theme shamelessly. On it, indeed, he based his strategy for Britain’s survival. But for all the apparent inevitability of Anglo-American cooperation against the Nazi threat, in actual practice the transatlantic partnership was devilishly difficult to forge. Churchill’s anxieties and often cunning manipulations, as well as Roosevelt’s own hesitations and evasions, his wary deference to the isolationists, and his frequently cagey misrepresentations to the American public, all testified to the abundant difficulties that impeded collaboration between Britain and the United States–not to mention the even more formidable obstacles that blocked full-blown American belligerency.