bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and risk factors of unplanned removal of peripherally inserted central catheters among adult patients: A multi‐centre cohort study
Authors: Liu Yan , Huo Xiaopeng , Zhang Dingding , Liu Yue , Ge Ruibin , Zhang Jingyan , Liu Weinan , Shi Yanping , Yu Kunrong , Li Zhen , Chen Wei , Wu Xinjuan , Sun Wenyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAims and Objectives(i) To estimate the national incidence of unplanned removal of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in China. (ii) To explore the associated risk factors to provide evidence for the prevention.DesignA multi‐centre prospective cohort study.MethodsA representative sample of 3222 Chinese adult patients with successful PICC insertion was recruited for the PICC Safety Management Research (PATH) using a two‐stage cluster sampling method from December 2020 to June 2022. Sixty hospitals from seven Chinese provinces representing all geographical regions were selected. Demographic information and PICC characteristics were collected using a standard online case report form. Risk factors for the unplanned removal of PICCs were assessed using a cause‐specific hazard model and verified using a sub‐distribution hazard model. STROBE guidelines were followed in reporting this study.ResultsThree thousand one hundred and sixty‐six patients were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 59 years and a total of 344,247 catheter days. The incidence of unplanned removal was 10.04%. Female, with thrombosis history, PICC insertion due to infusion failure, valved catheter and double‐lumen catheter were risk factors, whereas longer insertion and exposure length were protective factors in the cause‐specific hazard model. Higher BMI became an independent risk factor in the sub‐distribution hazard model.ConclusionsUnplanned removal of PICCs is a serious clinical challenge in China. Our findings call for prevention strategies targeting the identified risk factors.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOur study characterised the epidemiology of unplanned removal of PICCs among Chinese adult inpatients, highlighting the need for prevention among this population and providing a basis for the formulation of relevant prevention strategies.Patient or Public ContributionPatients contributed through sharing their information required for the case report form. Healthcare professionals who provide direct care to the patient at each medical centre contributed by completing the online case report form.
Variable thermal plasticity of leaf functional traits in Andean tropical montane forests
Authors: Cox Andrew J. F. , González‐Caro Sebastián , Meir Patrick , Hartley Iain P. , Restrepo Zorayda , Villegas Juan C. , Sanchez Adriana , Mercado Lina M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and provide vital ecosystem services, but they are disproportionately vulnerable to climate warming. In the Andes, cold‐affiliated species from high elevations are being displaced at the hot end of their thermal distributions by warm‐affiliated species migrating upwards from lower elevations, leading to compositional shifts. Leaf functional traits are strong indicators of plant performance and at the community level have been shown to vary along elevation gradients, reflecting plant adaptations to different environmental niches. However, the plastic response of such traits to relatively rapid temperature change in Andean TMF species remains unknown. We used three common garden plantations within a thermosequence in the Colombian Andes to investigate the warming and cooling responses of key leaf functional traits in eight cold‐ and warm‐affiliated species with variable thermal niches. Cold‐affiliated species shifted their foliar nutrient concentrations when exposed to warming, while all other traits did not significantly change; contrastingly, warm‐affiliated species were able to adjust structural, nutrient and water‐use efficiency traits from acquisitive to conservative strategies in response to cooling. Our findings suggest that cold‐affiliated species will struggle to acclimate functional traits to warming, conferring warm‐affiliated species a competitive advantage under climate change.
NLRP1‐associated autoinflammatory disease with epithelial dyskeratosis
Authors: Lemus‐Arteaga Kevin , Ballona‐Chambergo Rosalía , Córdova‐Calderón Wilmer , Ventura‐León Alex , Torrelo Antonio , Velásquez‐Valderrama Felipe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSeveral gain‐of‐function variants in NLRP1 cause a distinctive autoinflammatory disease reported under different names featuring mainly skin and mucosal involvement and variable systemic signs. Here, we report a new case of NLRP1‐associated autoinflammatory disease in a 6‐year‐old Peruvian girl, who presented with confluent hyperkeratotic plaques that drained purulent material with subsequent scarring. A c.3641C > G (p. Pro1214Arg) variant that has been previously been reported was found in NLRP1 and was not present in either parent. The term NLRP1‐associated autoinflammatory disease with epithelial dyskeratosis (NADED) is proposed to encompass all reported cases, which have received different nomenclature so far.
Social stratification and inequality in South Africa
Authors: McKeever Matthew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSouth Africa is the most economically unequal country in the world. Moreover, research shows that inequality has only risen since advent of multi‐party democracy in 1994. In this article, I review research that documents how economic inequality has formed over the past century, and the relationship between these structural conditions and contemporary social stratification. The literature shows that since the end of apartheid racial inequality has declined somewhat, but increases in inequality within race have more than offset this. Despite momentous political change and formal legal equality, economic equality remains elusive for most South Africans. Research on South Africa shows that accounting for the historical construction of institutions that shape inequality is crucial not only for understanding stratification within the country, but for explaining it in any contemporary industrial society.
PbrbZIP15 promotes sugar accumulation in pear via activating the transcription of the glucose isomerase gene PbrXylA1
Authors: Jia Luting , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zan , Luo Weiqi , Nambeesan Savithri U. , Li Qionghou , Qiao Xin , Yang Bing , Wang Libin , Zhang Shaoling 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARYThe composition and abundance of soluble sugars in mature pear (Pyrus) fruit are important for its acceptance by consumers. However, our understanding of the genes responsible for soluble sugar accumulation remains limited. In this study, a S1‐group member of bZIP gene family, PbrbZIP15, was characterized from pear genome through the combined analyses of metabolite and transcriptome data followed by experimental validation. PbrbZIP15, located in nucleus, was found to function in fructose, sucrose, and total soluble sugar accumulation in pear fruit and calli. After analyzing the expression profiles of sugar‐metabolism‐related genes and the distribution of cis‐acting elements in their promoters, the glucose isomerase 1 gene (PbrXylA1), whose corresponding protein catalyzed the isomerization of glucose and fructose in vitro, was identified as a downstream target gene of PbrbZIP15. PbrbZIP15 could directly bind to the G‐box element in PbrXylA1 promoter and activate its transcription, as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR, yeast one‐hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dual‐luciferase assay. PbrXylA1, featuring a leucine‐rich signal peptide in its N‐terminal, was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. It was validated to play a significant role in fructose, sucrose, and total soluble sugar accumulation in pear fruit and calli, which was associated with the upregulated fructose/glucose ratio. Further studies revealed a positive correlation between the sucrose content and the expression levels of several sucrose‐biosynthesis‐related genes (PbrFRK3/8, PbrSPS1/3/4/8, and PbrSPP1) in PbrbZIP15‐/PbrXylA1‐transgenic fruit/calli. In conclusion, our results suggest that PbrbZIP15‐induced soluble sugar accumulation during pear development is at least partly attributed to the activation of PbrXylA1 transcription.
Quantitative Steinitz theorem: A polynomial bound
Authors: Ivanov Grigory , Naszódi Márton 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe classical Steinitz theorem states that if the origin belongs to the interior of the convex hull of a set , then there are at most points of whose convex hull contains the origin in the interior. Bárány, Katchalski, and Pach proved the following quantitative version of Steinitz's theorem. Let be a convex polytope in containing the standard Euclidean unit ball . Then there exist at most vertices of whose convex hull satisfies
with . They conjectured that holds with a universal constant . We prove , the first polynomial lower bound on . Furthermore, we show that is not greater than .
Effect of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior and Deformation Mechanisms of a Solid-State Additively Manufactured Al–Mg–Si Alloy
Authors: Rutherford B. A. , Avery D. Z. , Phillips B. J. , Zhu N. , Beck S. C. , Brewer L. N. , Allison P. G. , Jordon J. B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The effects of post-deposition heat treatment on the fatigue behavior of AA6061 processed by additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) were investigated for the first time in this work. A heat treatment to recover the T6 temper was performed on AFSD AA6061 is then subjected to strain-controlled fatigue and monotonic tension testing. Microstructural analysis revealed abnormal grain growth resulting in bimodal grain size distribution. Mechanical testing indicated a full recovery of the strength of the AA6061-T6 temper with comparable fatigue performance to the as-deposited AFSD AA6061. Fractography revealed deformation mechanisms in the post-deposition heat treatment not observed in the as-deposited samples, however, the fatigue resistance remained unchanged. A microstructure-sensitive fatigue model was implemented to capture the effects of the heat treatment process on the fatigue performance of the post-deposition heat-treated AFSD AA6061.
Loss Analysis in Radial Inflow Turbines for Supercritical CO2 Mixtures
Authors: Aqel Omar , White Martin , Sayma Abdulnaser 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that CO2 mixtures can reduce the costs of concentrated solar power plants. Radial inflow turbines (RIT) are considered suitable for small to medium-sized CO2 power plants (100 kW to 10 MW) due to aerodynamic and cost factors. This paper quantifies the impact of CO2 doping on RIT design by comparing 1D mean-line designs and aerodynamic losses of pure CO2 RITs with three CO2 mixtures: titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hexafluorobenzene (C6F6). Results show that turbine designs share similar rotor shapes and velocity diagrams for all working fluids. However, factors like clearance-to-blade height ratio, turbine pressure ratio, and fluid viscosity cause differences in turbine efficiency. When normalized for these factors, differences in total-to-static efficiency become less than 0.1%. However, imposing rotational speed limits reveals greater differences in turbine designs and efficiencies. The imposition of rotational speed limits reduces total-to-static efficiency across all fluids, with a maximum 15% reduction in 0.1 MW CO2 compared to a 3% reduction in CO2/TiCl4 turbines of the same power. Among the studied mixtures, CO2/TiCl4 turbines achieve the highest efficiency, followed by CO2/C6F6 and CO2/SO2. For example, 100 kW turbines achieve total-to-static efficiencies of 80.0%, 77.4%, 78.1%, and 75.5% for CO2/TiCl4, CO2/C6F6, CO2/SO2, and pure CO2, respectively. In 10 MW turbines, efficiencies are 87.8%, 87.3%, 87.5%, and 87.2% in the same order.
A low-cost, portable, dual-function readout device for amplification-based point-of-need diagnostics
Authors: Zou Yiping , Mason Michael Glenn , Botella Jose Ramon 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Amplification-based diagnostics has been widely used in plant disease diagnostics due to its sensitivity, rapidness, and flexibility. The modules to interpret amplification results rapidly, reliably, and easily in resource-limited settings (e.g., field-based environments) are in high demand. Therefore, we have designed and developed a simple, low-cost, easy-to-perform, and portable device named Dr. Diagnose to aid accurate, unbiased, and user-friendly readout of amplification reactions outside the model laboratory environment. Dr. Diagnose is an Arduino microcontroller-based light meter that can operate with a portable power bank. It allows the user to select to analyze either fluorescence or turbidity levels in amplification reactions by simply touching the button and informs the user of whether the reaction’s fluorescence or turbidity exceeds a set threshold and is thus considered positive within seconds. The sensitivity of Dr. Diagnose was found to be comparable to gel electrophoresis-based detection. Dr. Diagnose has a simple circuit containing only 13 electronic components, which means it can be easy to generate, affordable, and accessible to the broader community. The development of Dr. Diagnose provides a practical and inexpensive readout tool for amplifications at point-of-need in a rapid, accurate, and user-friendly manner.

IMPORTANCE
The first critical step in timely disease management is rapid disease identification, which is ideally on-site detection. Of all the technologies available for disease identification, nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostics are often used due to their specificity, sensitivity, adaptability, and speed. However, the modules to interpret amplification results rapidly, reliably, and easily in resource-limited settings at point-of-need (PON) are in high demand. Therefore, we developed a portable, low-cost, and easy-to-perform device that can be used for amplification readout at PON to enable rapid yet reliable disease identification by users with minimal training.
Symbionts in
Hodgkinia
-free cicadas and their implications for co-evolution between endosymbionts and host insects
Authors: Zhang Wenzhe , Wang Jiali , Huang Zhi , He Xiaohua , Wei Cong 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Symbiotic systems of sap-feeding auchenorrhynchan insects of the order Hemiptera provide a unique perspective for uncovering complicated insect-microbe symbiosis. Previous evidence suggested that cicadas lacking the symbiont
Hodgkinia
harbor
Sulcia
in the bacteriomes and the yeast-like fungal symbiont (YLS) in the fat bodies; however, YLSs were also detected from the bacteriome sheath in three cicada species which separately belong to two phylogenetically closely related tribes, Sonatini and Polyneurini. We comprehensively investigated the symbionts associated with bacteriomes and fat bodies in Sonatini and Polyneurini and analyzed the co-phylogeny between 65 cicada species and related symbionts (
Sulcia
and YLSs). We revealed that YLSs can commonly colonize the bacteriome sheath besides the fat bodies in these two tribes. Although the phylogeny of YLSs associated with Sonatini, Polyneurini, and some other taxa is locally concordant with that of host cicadas, relationships of YLSs harbored in different host lineages are generally incongruent with that of Cicadidae. More independent replacement events in the loss of
Hodgkinia
/acquisition of YLS were revealed in Cicadidae, reinforcing the hypothesis that the pathogenic ancestor of YLSs independently infected different lineages of host cicadas. The phylogeny of the very conservative
Sulcia
generally mirrors the host phylogeny, but
Sulcia
associated with some taxa (e.g., Sonatini, Platypleurini) of Cicadidae are incongruent with their hosts. This indicates that genetic variation of
Sulcia
occurred in these cicada lineages. Results of this study contribute to a better understanding of symbiont colonization in the symbiotic system of auchenorrhynchan insects and co-evolutionary relationships between Auchenorrhyncha and related symbionts.

IMPORTANCE

Obligate symbionts in sap-sucking hemipterans are harbored in either the same or different organs, which provide a unique perspective for uncovering complicated insect-microbe symbiosis. Here, we investigated the distribution of symbionts in adults of 10
Hodgkinia
-free cicada species of 2 tribes (Sonatini and Polyneurini) and the co-phylogeny between 65 cicada species and related symbionts (
Sulcia
and YLSs). We revealed that YLSs commonly colonize the bacteriome sheath besides the fat bodies in these two tribes, which is different with that in most other
Hodgkinia
-free cicadas. Co-phylogeny analyses between cicadas and symbionts suggest that genetic variation of
Sulcia
occurred in Sonatini and some other cicada lineages and more independent replacement events in the loss of
Hodgkinia
/acquisition of YLS in Cicadidae. Our results provide new information on the complex relationships between auchenorrhynchans and related symbionts.
Chromatin regulator Eaf3p regulates nitrogen metabolism in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
as a trans-acting factor
Authors: Chen Yu , Gao Song , Zhou Jingwen , Zeng Weizhu 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen metabolism in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
is complex and tightly regulated, involving multiple regulatory factors. Eaf3p has been identified as a central regulator of nitrogen metabolism in
S. cerevisiae
, but its mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, the effect of overexpressing histone H4 acetylation gene
EAF3
on nitrogen metabolic genes was investigated. The results indicated that Eaf3p regulates the expression of multiple nitrogen metabolic genes by regulating histone acetylation of the promoter regions via the histone acetyltransferase NuA4 complex. Eaf3p regulated the nitrogen metabolic genes
GAT1
,
CAN1
,
LYP1
,
GLN3
, and
HIP1
by binding to their respective promoters. Eaf3p was recruited with Pho2p, as well as other transcription factors, to up-regulate the expression of target genes. These findings make a significant contribution to improving understanding of the mechanism of
S. cerevisiae
nitrogen metabolism regulation, which will contribute to future metabolic engineering of
S. cerevisiae
to improve its suitability for industrial applications.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, the mechanism of chromatin regulator Eaf3p regulating nitrogen metabolism in
S. cerevisiae
was investigated. It provides theoretical support for epigenetic modifications of cells to alter the level of histone modifications, coordinate the expression of multiple genes, and make it more conducive to the co-metabolism of multiple nitrogen sources. Moreover, it provides new ideas for industrial brewing yeast strains to achieve nitrogen source metabolism balance, reduce the accumulation of harmful nitrogen metabolites, and improve fermentation efficiency. This study provides a reference for changing the performance of microbial strains and improving the quality of traditional fermentation products and provides a theoretical basis for studying epigenetic modification and nitrogen metabolism regulation. It has an important theoretical explanation and practical application value. In addition, this study also provides useful clues for the study.
Bacillus subtilis
YisK possesses oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity and exhibits Mbl-dependent localization
Authors: Guo Tingfeng , Sperber Anthony M. , Krieger Inna V. , Duan Yi , Chemelewski Veronica R. , Sacchettini James C. , Herman Jennifer K. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

YisK is an uncharacterized protein in
Bacillus subtilis
previously shown to interact genetically with the elongasome protein Mbl. YisK overexpression leads to cell widening and lysis, phenotypes that are dependent on
mbl
and suppressed by
mbl
mutations. In the present work, we characterize YisK’s localization, structure, and enzymatic activity. We show that YisK localizes as puncta that depend on Mbl. YisK belongs to the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily, and crystal structures revealed close structural similarity to two oxaloacetate (OAA) decarboxylases: human mitochondrial FAHD1 and
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Cg1458. We demonstrate that YisK can also catalyze the decarboxylation of OAA (
K
m
= 134 µM,
K
cat
= 31 min
−1
). A catalytic dead variant (YisK E148A, E150A) retains wild-type localization and still widens cells following overexpression, indicating these activities are not dependent on YisK catalysis. Conversely, a non-localizing variant (YisK E30A) retains wild-type enzymatic activity
in vitro
but localizes diffusely and no longer widens cells following overexpression. Together, these results suggest that YisK may be subject to spatial regulation that depends on the cell envelope synthesis machinery.

IMPORTANCE

The elongasome is a multiprotein complex that guides lengthwise growth in some bacteria. We previously showed that, in
B. subtilis
, overexpression of an uncharacterized putative enzyme (YisK) perturbed function of the actin-like elongasome protein Mbl. Here, we show that YisK exhibits Mbl-dependent localization. Through biochemical and structural characterization, we demonstrate that, like its mitochondrial homolog FAHD1, YisK can catalyze the decarboxylation of the oxaloacetate to pyruvate and CO
2
. YisK is the first example of an enzyme implicated in central carbon metabolism with subcellular localization that depends on Mbl.
Draft genome sequence of
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
RTIII518: a potent dairy starter isolated from traditional
lait caillé
in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bayili Geoffroy Romaric , Diaz Maria , Parkouda Charles , Sawadogo-Lingani Hagrétou 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
lactis
RTIII518 was isolated from
lait caillé
, a traditional fermented milk product from Burkina Faso. The draft genome size is 25,554,260 base pairs with 76 contigs, 34.26% average content of GC, 50 tRNAs, 4 rRNA, and 2,498 coding genes.
Baryon correlations in Pythia
Authors: Lönnblad Leif , Shah Harsh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe present the results from our investigation of angular correlations between baryons pairs in the Pythia8 event generator. We show how colour reconnection models and hadronization mechanisms influence such angular correlations and in particular address the effect of gluons on the baryon production mechanism in the Lund string fragmentation model. We conclude by discussing the new theoretical ideas in comparison with the ALICE $$\textrm{pp} $$
pp
collision results for the baryon angular correlations. We propose a hypothesis for suppressing baryons produced in gluon jets and show how that may influence the angular correlations.