bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self-synthesized origin for heavy metals in hot subdwarf stars
Authors: Battich T. , Miller Bertolami M. M. , Serenelli A. M. , Justham S. , Weiss A. 
Published: November 2023

Context.A number of He-rich hot subdwarf stars present high abundances for trans-iron elements, such as Sr, Y, Zr, and Pb. Diffusion processes are important in hot subdwarf stars and it is generally believed that the high abundances of heavy elements in these peculiar stars are due to the action of radiative levitation. However, during the formation of He-rich hot subdwarf stars, hydrogen can be ingested into the convective zone driven by the He-core flash. It is known that episodes of protons being ingested into He-burning convective zones can lead to neutron-capture processes and the formation of heavy elements.Aims.In this work, we aim to explore, for the first time, whether neutron-capture processes can occur in late He-core flashes taking place in the cores of the progenitors of He-rich hot subdwarfs. We aim to explore the possibility of a self-synthesized origin for the heavy elements observed in some He-rich hot subdwarf stars.Methods.We computed a detailed evolutionary model for a stripped red-giant star using a stellar evolution code with a nuclear network comprising 32 isotopes. Then we post-processed the stellar models in the phase of helium and hydrogen burning using a post-processing nucleosynthesis code with a nuclear network of 1190 species, which allowed us to follow the neutron-capture processes in detail.Results.We find the occurrence of neutron-capture processes in our model, with neutron densities reaching a value of ∼5 × 1012 cm−3. We determined that the trans-iron elements are enhanced in the surface by 1 to 2 dex, as compared to initial compositions. Moreover, the relative abundance pattern [Xi/Fe] produced by neutron-capture processes closely resembles those observed in some He-rich hot subdwarf stars, hinting at a possible self-synthesized origin for the heavy elements in these stars.Conclusions.We conclude that intermediate neutron-capture processes can occur during a proton ingestion event in the He-core flash of stripped red-giant stars. This mechanism offers a natural channel for the production of the heavy elements observed in certain He-rich hot subdwarf stars.
Fuel Irradiation Devices Test of Feedthroughs Equipped With Optical Fibers in support of the development of innovative instrumentation
Authors: Gaillot S. , Destouches C. , Cheymol G. , Brinster and Al J. 
Published: November 2023

As part of the activities for developing experimental devices for research reactors and associated test loops, some concern the development and qualification of instrumentation.
The on-board instrumentation makes it possible to monitor online the evolution of physical parameters of samples and/or components subjected to different stresses (thermal, hydraulic, chemical and nuclear, etc.).
In addition to the so-called “classic” instrumentation implemented in this type of equipment (pressure, temperature, flow, elongation), R&D actions are in progress in order to propose innovative instrumentation, able to improve the experimental offer and describe the physical phenomena with more accuracy.
This is the case of optical measurements which present many advantages (compactness, insensitivity to EM waves, complex measurements by optical interrogation of a single fiber).
In addition, actions are underway for the selection of optical fibers that can be used for applications in a nuclear reactor (in particular resistance to the irradiation).
The tests presented in this paper relate to the behavior of sealed feedthroughs for optical fibers to the thermal hydraulics conditions of light water reactors.
These tests are part of the safety demonstration in so-called degraded operating cases i.e. corresponding to a configuration where the optical fiber is placed directly in the process fluid (pressurized water). One note that in normal operation, the optical fiber is isolated from the process fluid by a jacket consisting of a metal capillary.
After an introduction and a brief presentation of the use of optical fibers in experimental equipment, the paper describes the tightness feedthroughs used, the tests carried out, indicate the main results obtained and opens up some perspectives for future development phases.
Flying DEMon, a newborn startup for environmental monitoring
Authors: Altomare C. , Di Venere L. , Giordano F. , Loporchio S. , Mastroserio A. , Serini D. 
Published: November 2023

Gamma-ray spectroscopy and dosimetry are complementary techniques used to locate and identify radioactive sources containing gamma-ray-emitting radioisotopes. Gamma-ray spectroscopy is extensively studied for various applications across multiple fields, including homeland security, environmental radioactivity monitoring, tackling illegal trade of radioiso-topes, and medical sciences.
Introducing our newly established startup, Flying DEMon s.r.l., comprised of young researchers, academic professors, and backed by university support. Our venture aims to advance project development, leveraging the grant awarded through the E-TEC2 contest initiated by ENAC. The team will showcase their comprehensive work plan, highlighting the project’s competitiveness and self-sustaining potential.
The objective of our startup is to harness cutting-edge technologies in the field of gamma spectroscopy and dosimetry, adaptable for deployment via Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). This innovation holds significant promise for environmental monitoring, facilitating tasks such as pinpointing widespread radioactive sources or identifying concealed and hard-to-reach nuclear waste. Additionally, this advancement holds potential for applications in military, security, and industrial oversight.
Our research focus primarily revolves around real-time and rapid gamma-ray analysis in open-field environments. Our group not only supports the core project objectives but also enables its applicability in diverse and non-traditional sectors, such as Agritech.
Nanoreinforced concrete composites for possible nuclear waste confinement a preliminary study
Authors: Mancini Maria Rita , Gattia Daniele Mirabile , Girardi Fabio , Ferri Donatella , Marzo Giuseppe A. , Masci Domenica 
Published: November 2023

Cementitious materials are the most abundant building materials even nowadays. Similarly, in the nuclear industry, concrete is the most used material for the confinement of radioactive waste, it has favorable properties, both chemical and physical, making it a desirable matrix for the encapsulation of radioactive and toxic wastes. Cemented wastes are preferred for the storage of a large varieties of fission products, such as low and intermediate level radioactive waste e.g., β—emitter 90Sr. Anyway, because of the intrinsic fragility of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) a lot of efforts have been spent to enhance his mechanical resistance.
Graphene Oxide (GO) represent an opportunity to overcome this problem. In fact, there is much evidence that GO can influence the toughness and the strength of the cement composites by regulating the morphology of the cement hydration products.
90Sr, the main strontium isotope in radioactive waste, is a by-product of the fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear reactors. In this study we investigate the effects of strontium on mechanical properties of cement (OPC) and GO-reinforced cement. Different samples have been prepared with fixed concentration of GO. It has been observed that small quantities of GO, significantly [1] increases the compression strength of cement composites. The addition of Sr (65.0, 67.6 and 70.2 ppm) resulted in an increase of the compressive strength of 6.78%, 3.02% and 0.70% for those samples respectively, in comparison to OPC.
Compression strength in samples of OPC with GO remained quite constant even in presence of Sr.
Characterization and use of Stilbene scintillator for neutron metrology and spectrometry from 100 keV to 22 MeV
Authors: Quevauvillers Diane , Ottaviani Laurent , Petit Michael , Reynard-Carette Christelle 
Published: November 2023

Stilbene scintillators have now the capability to extend the neutron energy measurement from 100 keV to 1 MeV. To be used as spectrometers, scintillators have to be characterized in entire energy range covered. For the photon characterization, usual calibration source determined the calibration and the resolution function. To do the photon matrix, MCNP PTRAC simulations were done between 59 keV up to 7 MeV. Using MCNP PTRAC allows the calculation of the photon response matrix from the tracking detail of the electron energy deposition in the crystal, including the effect of the Aluminum protection around. Resolution and sensibility obtained from gamma sources are applied later to the calculated photon matrix.
For neutron characterization, Time-Of-Flight measurements on white neutron spectra were realized. However, the fluence reference on these spectra begins at 1 MeV. So, the shape of the response function was measured using stilbene scintillators on 100 keV1 MeV decade. After, the monoenergetic neutron reference of AMANDE facility was used to give neutron fluence normalization below 1 MeV. This method could characterize these scintillators for neutron energy from 100 keV up to 22 MeV.
Education, Training and Research at Khalifa University in Support of the United Arab Emirates Nuclear Power Program
Authors: Foulon Francois , Addad Yacine , Al Ameri Saeed , Raj Prasoon , Al Kaabi Ahmed , Al Fantazi Akram 
Published: November 2023

In 2009 United Arab Emirates (UAE) has engaged in an ambitious nuclear power program with the construction of four 1400 MWe pressurized water reactor units at the Barakah site. Fourteen years later, three units are in commercial operation, and the fourth one is in the final steps of commissioning. The four units will produce up to 5600 megawatts of electricity, supplying approximately 25% of the UAE’s electricity requirements.
To ensure in such a short period of time the building of the nuclear capabilities and support to the program, Khalifa University has been, since 2010, a key contributor to education and training activities as well as the development of R&D capabilities in the field of nuclear technology.
This paper provides an overview of Khalifa University’s activities implemented within the Nuclear Engineering Department, the Gulf Nuclear Energy Infrastructure Institute and the Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC). This joint Center, which embarks the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation and the Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation, is a hub that addresses the research requirements of the nuclear stakeholders for the delivery of safe and efficient nuclear energy as well as the deployment of advanced nuclear technologies in the UAE. The paper briefly describes the current research projects implemented at the ENTC and gives reference related recent publications.
Imaging of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA)
Authors: Urbach Horst , Linn Jennifer , Hattingen Elke , Fiebach Jochen 
Published: November 2023

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can now be treated with monoclonal antibodies aiming at clearing amyloid plaques from the brain parenchyma. Weeks after initiation of this drug therapy, patients may develop so-called amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) on MRI. ARIA comprise vasogenic edema and leptomeningeal effusions (ARIA-E) as well as microbleeds and superficial hemosiderosis (ARIA-H). The prevalence is drug- and dose-dependent (up to 40 % of patients), the apolipoprotein E4 variant and concomitant cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) increase the risk. With regard to MRI characteristics, ARIA strongly resembles the so-called inflammatory subtype of CAA (CAA-ri). While patients with CAA-ri are typically detected due to symptoms such as headaches, lethargy, confusion, and rarely epileptic seizures, around 20 % of ARIA patients show symptoms. Management of ARIA is not yet clearly established. In asymptomatic patients, discontinuation of the drug might be sufficient.
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Antithrombotic Prophylaxis with Rivaroxaban in Patients with Prehospital COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of Two Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Hsia Judith , Spyropoulos Alex C. , Piazza Gregory , Weng Stephen , Dunne Michael W. , Lipardi Concetta , Barnathan Elliot S. , Bonaca Marc P. 
Published: November 2023

Background We conducted a prespecified meta-analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials of rivaroxaban 10 mg daily in prehospital patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Individually, the trials had limited power to detect a treatment effect due to recruitment stopping ahead of plan.
Material and Methods The statistical analysis plan for the meta-analysis was finalized before unblinding of PREVENT-HD, the larger of the two trials. Pooled risk ratios and pooled risk differences along with the two-sided 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effect models.
Results Rivaroxaban did not reduce the occurrence of either the primary prespecified endpoint, a composite of symptomatic arterial and venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute limb ischemia, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause mortality (risk difference: 0.0044; 95% confidence interval: −0.0263, 0.0175; p = 0.69 for pooled risk difference) or the secondary endpoint of all-cause hospitalization (p = 0.76). Although thrombotic events were infrequent, pooled analysis did reveal that rivaroxaban reduced arterial and venous thrombotic events (placebo 6 events, rivaroxaban 0 events; pooled risk difference: −0.0068; 95% confidence interval: −0.0132, −0.0006; p = 0.03). In the pooled studies, only one major bleeding event was observed in a rivaroxaban-allocated patient with no critical site or fatal bleeding events.
Conclusion Although this meta-analysis does not support antithrombotic prophylaxis with rivaroxaban in a broad prehospital population with acute COVID-19, the prevention of arterial and venous thrombotic events among rivaroxaban-allocated patients is consistent with the known thromboprophylactic effect of the drug in medically ill patients.
Genetics and Genomics of Chronic Pancreatitis with a Focus on Disease Biology and Molecular Pathogenesis
Authors: Khan Erum , Chakrabarty Soura , Shariff Sanobar , Bardhan Mainak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChronic pancreatitis is a long-term fibroinflammatory condition of the pancreas with varying incidences across countries. The recent increase in its occurrence implies the involvement of genetic, hereditary, and unconventional risk factors. However, there is a lack of updated literature on recent advances in genetic polymorphisms of chronic pancreatitis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings on the genetic implications of chronic pancreatitis based on individual gene mechanisms and to discuss epigenetics and epistasis involved in the disease. Four mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis, including premature activation of proteases, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ductal pathway dysfunction, and inflammatory pathway dysfunction. These mechanisms involve genes such as PRSS1, PRSS2, SPINK, CEL, PNLIP, PNLIPRP2, CFTR, CaSR, CLDN2, Alpha 1 antitrypsin, and GGT1. Studying genetic polymorphisms on the basis of altered genes and their products may aid clinicians in identifying predispositions in patients with and without common risk factors. Further research may also identify associations between genetic predispositions and disease staging or prognosis, leading to personalized treatment protocols and precision medicine.
Severe Hypernatremia as Presentation of Netherton Syndrome
Authors: Di Nora A. , Consentino M.C. , Messina G. , Timpanaro T. , Smilari P. , Pavone P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNetherton syndrome is a rare, multisystem, autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by a triad of manifestations: congenital ichthyosis, immune dysregulation, and scalp anomalies. We report the case of a 1-month-old male infant evaluated for failure to thrive and feeding difficulties. At birth, the infant was admitted to intensive care for severe hypernatremia (natremia 186 mg/dL). Upon entering the ward, the general conditions were poor. He presented with diffuse erythrodermia. A dermatological evaluation showed evidence of “invaginated trichuriasis,” a typical sign of Netherton syndrome. Netherton syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation causing loss of function of the SPINK5 gene it encodes for the LEKTI protein, normally expressed in epithelia. Loss of LEKTI induces severe skin barrier defect. The history of the disease is characterized by serious potential complications in the first months of life, such as the risk of hypernatremic dehydration induced by high skin permeability, recurrent and/or severe infections, and growth retardation.
The Epigenetic Regulation of Quiescent in Stem Cells
Authors: Radak Mehran , Fallahi Hossein 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis review article discusses the epigenetic regulation of quiescent stem cells. Quiescent stem cells are a rare population of stem cells that remain in a state of cell cycle arrest until activated to proliferate and differentiate. The molecular signature of quiescent stem cells is characterized by unique epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation. These modifications play critical roles in regulating stem cell behavior, including maintenance of quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation. The article specifically focuses on the role of histone modifications and DNA methylation in quiescent stem cells, and how these modifications can be dynamically regulated by environmental cues. The future perspectives of quiescent stem cell research are also discussed, including their potential for tissue repair and regeneration, their role in aging and age-related diseases, and their implications for cancer research. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic regulation of quiescent stem cells and highlights the potential of this research for the development of new therapies in regenerative medicine, aging research, and cancer biology.
Changes in the relationship between Index of Concentration at the Extremes and U.S. urban greenspace: a longitudinal analysis from 2001–2019
Authors: Kitch J. C. , Nguyen T. T. , Nguyen Q. C. , Hswen Y. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUrban greenspace is associated with a wide variety of human health benefits, from improved mental health to reduced violent crime and infant birth outcomes. This study investigates long-term trends in the distribution of greenspace across census tracts in the 260 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000 residents based on economic privilege and deprivation. Satellite-acquired Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images were used as a measure of greenspace, and the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) was used as a measure spatial social polarizations of deprived and priveliged populations. From 2001 to 2019, the most privileged, highest ICE quintile census tracts had both the highest mean NDVI and experienced a significantly greater increase in greenspace than the least privileged tracts, indicating that the disparity in greenspace access is widening. Public greenspace initiatives need to focus on programs that are more equitable across the spectrum of economic strata to reduce urban health disparities and address concerns of environmental justice.
Health assessment for low-voltage electromagnetic coils based on fusion of creep degradation mechanism and transformed MD
Authors: Yue Sun , Kai Wang , Aidong Xu , Bo Zhang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Low-voltage electromagnetic coils play ever-increasing roles in safety-critical systems, like electromechanical actuators in more electric aircraft and tractors in zero emission vehicles. Identifying insulation degradation prior to the formation of turn-to-turn short can effectively avoid accidental shutdown and enable predictive maintenance for these systems. High-frequency electrical response analysis is currently a promising technique for electromagnetic coil insulation health assessment. However, the correlation between high-frequency electrical response parameters (HFERP) and actual insulation degradation status (AIDS) is still not clear, which brings challenges in insulation health assessment and remaining useful life prediction. Therefore, in this paper, a fusion method based on creep degradation mechanism and transformed mahalanobis distance (MD) for insulation health assessment is proposed. First, correlation analysis between the coil HFERP and the AIDS is performed from coil insulation coating creep degradation point of view. Second, a coil on-line monitoring parameter (OLMP) for monitoring insulation degradation status on-site is constructed based on transformed MD. A correlation model between OLMP and AIDS is consequently built to assist in determining OLMP failure threshold for coil insulation health assessment. Coil accelerated testing shows that the fusion method can be used to assess insulation status prior to the formation of harmful shorts, enabling condition-based maintenance for components or systems that incorporate electromagnetic coils.
Sequential neural network model for the identification of magnetorheological damper parameters
Authors: Delijani Yaser Mostafavi , Cheng Shaohong , Gherib Faouzi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) dampers exhibit a complex nonlinear hysteresis which makes the modeling of their behavior with parametric or non-parametric models to be challenging. In case of parametric models, the generalization of the parameters identified for a particular excitation is difficult and requires high computation costs. On the other hand, non-parametric models are considered as black-box type with no association to physical phenomena. The objective of this study is to propose a new identification model combining the merits of a parametric model and neural network paradigm. The proposed model is a parametric type which exploits an algebraic model with a hyperbolic tangent hysteresis, while a series multilayer-perceptron (MLP) neural networks are used to identify the model parameters under different excitation conditions. This approach not only preserves the physical meanings of the model parameters but also prompts generalization to common excitation conditions. The data for training the MLP neural networks were generated from a test program on a RD-8041-1 MR damper covering a wide range of input conditions. Results show that the proposed sequential neural network model not only increases the accuracy of the predicted MR damper force but also exhibits higher robustness and better consistency under different excitation conditions than a conventional algebraic model.