bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Surveillance at Ford Motor Company
Authors: Reeve Gordon R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are several types of occupational injury surveillance. The most traditional approach is surveillance using viral records at the federal-or state-level. Many, but not all states require occupational injuries or illnesses to be reported as part of their public health reporting system that has historically focused on communicable diseases. Other systems try to capture all injuries seen at the emergency rooms in community-or statewide networks with information about the situation surrounding the injury event, including occupational factors. Finally, there is the surveillance conducted by the health and safety staff of a company as part of its routine operation or as part of a short-term research project conducted by university researchers.
Fatal Injury Surveillance
Authors: Jenkins E Lynn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the United States, an average of 16 workers die every day from injuries sustained on the job. This represents 16 workers who will not return home, 16 families who will mourn the loss of a loved one. For those of us in occupational safety and health, these deaths must be our guideposts for prevention. Information must be compiled on each of these deaths and examined both individually (in order to identify ways to prevent similar incidents in the future) and collectively (in order to identify patterns and trends of particular kinds of incidents).
The Social Ambience of Petronius’ Satyricon and Fellini Satyricon
Authors: Sullivan J P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
editor’s note: J.P. Sullivan died in 1993. Except for some minor changes and emendations and a few additions in the notes, his essay appears here essentially as it did in 1991. Among the numerous publications on Fellini, the following may be of particular interest to readers (most of them have appeared since Sullivan’s essay was written; page numbers refer to Fellini Satyricon): Bernard F. Dick, “Adaptation as Archaeology: Fellini Satyricon (1969) from the ‘Novel’ by Petronius,” in Modern European Filmmakers and the Art of Adaptation, ed. Andrew Horton and Joan Magretta (New York: Crossroads, 1981), 145–167; rpt. in Perspectives on Federico Fellini, ed. Peter Bondanella and Cristina DegliEsposti (New York: Hall, 1993), 130–138; Bondanella, The Eternal City: Roman Images in the Modern World (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 238–245, and The Cinema of Federico Fellini (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), 237–261, with additional references; John Baxter, Fellini (1993; rpt. New York: St. Martin’s, 1994), 237–253; Fabrizio Borin and Carla Mele, Federico Fellini, tr. Charles Nopar and Sue Jones (Rome: Gremese, 1999), 100-ema and History (New York: Routledge, 1997), 188–192.
Psychology as a Science of Objective Relations [1937]
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brunswik’s introduction of his work to an audience at the University of California at Berkeley in 1936, shortly after he arrived in the United States for the first time as a visitor to the psychology department, tells us much about Brunswik the professor, as well as much about Brunswik the psychologist and the theme of his life’s work. The introduction came in a lecture titled “Psychology as a Science of Objective Relations” to the Cosmos Club at the university, delivered, I am sure, in his then undiluted, and very heavy, German accent. Although I am uncertain about the nature of the Cosmos Club, I take it to have been a group of faculty members and other intellectuals, eager to be enlightened by a visiting professor of psychology from Vienna. If so, they were in for a surprise.
Remarks on Functionalism in Perception [1949]
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This brief discussion paper was written in the context of what in 1949 and 1950 was a “hot topic,” the relation between personality and perception. To oversimplify: Does our personality literally determine what we see? This question became central to many prominent psychologists of the immediate post-World War II period and was given a name, the New Look in perception. It was an exciting time, not only because it appeared that psychology was going to change its theory and research, but also because it appeared that the New Look was going to close the gap between “tough-minded” experimental psychologists and “tender-minded” personality psychologists. Each would gain, it was thought; the experimentalists would show that all their hard, narrow scientific work had broad meaning after all; the personality psychologists would show that their fuzzy concepts could be demonstrated in the lab by the experimentalists and, therefore, were not so fuzzy after all. As Jerome Bruner and David Krech (an chors of the then Harvard-Berkeley axis), who edited the volume in which the papers appeared, put it, “The editors feel that the papers embodied in this volume represent an important step for ward in psychology. The approach represented serves to make the clinician aware of the potentialities of the laboratory-not only in its rigor but its flexibility. The experimentalist, for his part, is made to realize anew that his subjects have personalities and aspirations and anxieties, that they live in society and that all these facts influence in critical ways their behavior” (p. vu; Bruner & Krech, 1949/1950).
Thing Constancy as Measured by Correlation Coefficients [1940]
Authors: Kurz Elke M , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Whenever Brunswik researched perception, he simultaneously made psychological research itself an object of study. Brunswik was not a perception psychologist on the one hand and a philosopher of psychological methodology on the other; he was always both at the same time. This two-sided research agenda was his forte and his achievement; it constituted a challenge for his contemporaries, and it remains a challenge for us.
The Conceptual Framework of Psychology [1952]
Authors: Brunswik Egon , Cooksey Ray W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Egon Brunswik, in his 1952 monograph The Conceptual Framework of Psychology, developed and articulated his integrated vision for psychology as a science. A strong argument can be made that, of all of Brunswik’s later works, the 1952 monograph represented his crowning achievement simply be cause of its scope and intent (Bergmann, 1952, in his review of the monograph, observed that “intellectually, this is the equivalent of three books, or, to put it conservatively, of one well sized book and two monographs of about one hundred pages each.... a distinguished piece of work by a distinguished author”; pp. 654-655). In this monograph, Brunswik critically and comprehensively evaluated the history, philosophy, methodology, and theory of psychology. No other psychologist to that date had had the vision or the courage (or, one could argue, the poor timing) to objectively and rigorously evaluate the entire discipline as a prelude to setting forth a new conceptualization that purported to address the argued shortcomings that had amassed over decades of psychological research. Brunswik’s arguments threatened the very foundations and goals of psychology, as he intended, in order to stimulate deeper and more critical insights. He promul gated this threat at precisely the time when psychology was rapidly coalescing into two clear disciplines (see Cronbach, 1957) that had adopted fairly entrenched and opposed positions with respect to the interconnectedness between psychological theory, methodology, and focal phenomena of interest (see Gigerenzer, 1987, 1994; Leary, 1987, for further discussions). In a very real sense, Brunswik’s monograph was the concrete manifestation of one man’s attempt to stimulate a scientific revolution (see Kuhn, 1970), effectively a unification of the two disciplines, on his own purely by reasoned argument backed by a prodigious knowledge of what had come before and an unshakeable belief in where the future lay. Brunswik’s ideas were not well received, nor did they have their intended effect within his shortened lifetime. However, since the mid-1960s, there has been slow and steady erosion of resistance to his ideas as many of his arguments have been found to ring true (see Hammond, 19966).
Vicarious Functioning Reconsidered: A Fast and Frugal Lens Model
Authors: Gigerenze Gerd , Kurz Elke M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Egon Brunswik left Vienna for Berkeley in 1937, he began to abandon his favorite tool-a measurement tool known as the Brunswik ratio. The ratio measured the degree of perceptual constancy. In its place, Brunswik (1940b) adopted new tools from the Anglo-American statistical tradition-correlation and regression. Then, he measured the degree to which perception attains the distal stimulus by a correlation coefficient called functional validity.
Multiple Cue Probability Learning
Authors: Holzworth R James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brunswik’s principal research interest began with visual perception, specifically the perceptual constancies. But his theorizing was at such a high level of generality, even while he was in Vienna, that his concepts of uncertainty, ecological validity, and vicarious functioning could easily be seen to apply to other circumstances, once one was willing to look. Although Brunswik had introduced the concept of probability to the topic of learning in his 1939 rat learning experiment, his success was utterly ignored by the learning establishment (see Doherty, this volume). The demonstration of the potential for the generalization of the lens model to learning had to wait until 1954, when Smedslund (1955) in Norway carried it out in his doctoral thesis. It was he who first saw the manner in which all these concepts could be generalized to learning, roughly at the same time that Hammond (195 5) made the same extension beyond visual perception to the context of clinical judgment.
Vicarious Functioning in Teams
Authors: Adelman Leonard , Henderson DeVere , Miller Sheryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A number of recent studies (e.g., Hollenbeck et al., 1997; Volpe et al., 1996) have found that, although time pressure has significantly affected team processes, it has had no effect on team performance. Such findings have been surprising, for we are all familiar with cases where time pressure has significantly affected both team processes and team performance. Maule (1997) tried to explain these findings by citing the apparent arbitrariness of the time pressure (or workload) manipulations, for these studies have failed to provide an empirical rationale for why one manipulation is deemed normal and another stressful. More generally, Maule argued that these studies provide no theoretical insights into how teams adapt their processes to increased time pressure, or how process is related to performance. In this brief chapter, we will try to show (1) how Brunswikian theory and methods can be used to understand better how teams adapt their pro cesses to increasing time pressure and (2) why one should not necessarily expect to find a direct relationship between team processes and performance under increasing levels of time pressure.
Brunswik and Quality of Life: A Brief Note
Authors: Joyce C R B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) has been defined in many different ways. One simple and useful definition is this: “The way a person feels and how he or she functions in daily activities” (Kirshner & Guyatt, 1985). Everybody has a QoL, good, average, or poor. Most people would presumably like it to be as good as possible. It varies from one person to another, and from time to time, as do the individual factors in the subject’s physical and mental makeup and life history that enter into it. It is also affected by the many factors in the environment.
Notes from Berkeley, 1938, 1945-1948
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“You ought to hear this professor from Vienna” was the unlikely suggestion given to me one day in 1938 in the halls of the Life Sciences Building at the University of California at Berkeley. So one day I went to hear him. My best recollection of Egon Brunswik is of a tall, broad-shouldered man addressing a large class of psychology stu dents in hesitating and heavily accented English, accompanied by a rather large woman sitting nearby to whom he turned every so often for the word he needed. I remember nothing of the content of the lecture, of course, but I do remem ber that it was delivered with great seriousness and dignity. The woman sitting nearby and coaching this professor’s English was his wife, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, who would later become very well known in relation to her co-authorship of the exciting book The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and San ford, 1950). The standard joke among graduate students was that although Egon gradually lost his accent, the coach never lost hers.
A Preface To Romans
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bryan approaches St. Paul's letter to the Romans with a number of aims in view. First, he wants to show which literary type or genre would have been seen by Paul's contemporaries as being exemplified in the letter. He also determines what we can surmise of Paul's attitude and approach to the Jewish bible. The study involves discussion of and comparison with other literature from Paul's time, place and milieu -- including other writings attributed to Paul.
The Epistolary Opening (1.1–15)
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paul comes before the believers at Rome as slave of the Messiah, Jesus (1.1). (Throughout what follows, the use of boldface type in the main text [not footnotes] is intended to indicate a quotation from the part of Romans under discussion. Italic boldface indicates that Paul is citing or alluding to the LXX.) For those attuned to the Scriptures, the word slave at once ties Paul to the Jewish and scriptural tradition of those who belong to God (compare LXX Judg. 2.8, 4 Kingd. 18.12, Jer. 7.25, Isa. 49.3). The notion of being “slave of the god” (though not common) is also occasionally found in pagan contexts. Lucius Apuleius, after his deliverance by the grace of Isis, rejoices that he has begun to be “slave to the goddess” and is in his turn exhorted to accept willingly “the yoke of service” (Metamorphoses 11.15).
Demonstration and Defense (5.1–11.36): Peace with God through Christ
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some studies treat Romans 5.1-11 as the conclusion to the previous section of Paul’s address rather than the opening to the next, and this is understandable, since rhetorically the verses function partially as a pivot, or hinge, between the two. They link what is about to be said to what has gone before, and they do so by means of various rhetorical hooks —such as echoes of expressions already used—that reach back into the opening argument.
Evangelical Images and the American Tract Society
Authors: Morgan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
with the disestablishment of religion in the early nineteenth century, New England clergy and laity who had enjoyed in statesanctioned Christianity a vision of a nation with a divine purpose were faced with the challenge of preserving their sense of national mission in a state that no longer officially authorized the practice of the Christian faith. Facing the steady growth of non-English-speaking, nonProtestant immigrants and the expansion of a frontier populated by unchurched whites and non-Christian Indians, a number of evangelical clergy, Christian professionals, businessmen, and well-stationed women formed benevolent societies such as the ABS (1816) and the ASSU (1824). These benevolent associations worked to reform the expanding American populace by producing enormous amounts of literature such as the Bible or Sunday school instructional materials and distributing them as widely as possible. The ATS was established in 1825 when the American Tract Society of Boston, formerly called the New England Tract Society, and many other smaller tract societies in the northeast merged with New York’s Religious Tract Society to form a national organization based in New York City on Nassau Street. Composed primarily of Presbyterians, Congregationalists, and Baptists, the ATS set itself the task of distributing tracts throughout the United States and around the world. Yet its greatest efforts were domestic.
Pictures and Children
Authors: Morgan David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evolution of the visual culture of Seventh-Day Adventism evinces two distinct concepts of the image: the didactic and the devotional. The first was the much older and characteristically Protestant visual practice; the latter represents a visual piety that emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century among American Protestants. It is not a distinction that is especially meaningful for Catholic visual culture, where the two, didactic and devotional, were not generally separated. Among many Protestants, however, the didactic sensibility riveted imagery to words and abstract ideas, which the images served to illustrate. The devotional image, by contrast, offered itself up to prayerful contemplation in which feeling was more important than abstraction.
Ecumenical Theology In Worship, Doctrine, And Life
Authors: Cunningham David S , Del Ralph , Lamadrid Colle Lucas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book presents twenty essays written in honour of the noted theologian and ecumenist Geoffrey Wainwright, Cushman Professor of Christian Theology at Duke University. The editors have assembled a remarkable international roster of contributors and have organized the volume around three major themes in Wainwright's work: worship, liturgy, and mission. Contributors include Nicholas Lossky, Eberhard Jungel, Dietrich Ritschl, and Gunther Gassman.
The Non-Local Universe
Authors: Nadeau Robert , Kafatos Menas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Classical physics states that physical reality is local—a point in space cannot influence another point beyond a relatively short distance. However, In 1997, experiments were conducted in which light particles (photons) originated under certain conditions and traveled in opposite directions to detectors located about seven miles apart. The amazing results indicated that the photons “interacted” or “communicated” with one another instantly or “in no time”. Since a distance of seven miles is quite vast in quantum physics, this led physicists to an extraordinary conclusion—even if experiments could somehow be conducted in which the distance between the detectors was half-way across the known universe, the results would indicate that interaction or communication between the photons would be instantaneous. What was revealed in these little-known experiments in 1997 is that physical reality is non-local—a discovery that Robert Nadeau and Menas Kafatos view as “the most momentous in the history of science”. In The Non-Local Universe, Nadeau and Kafatos offer a revolutionary look at the breathtaking implications of non-locality. They argue that since every particle in the universe has been “entangled” with other particles like the two photons in the 1997 experiments, physical reality on the most basic level is an undivided wholeness. In addition to demonstrating that physical processes are vastly interdependent and interactive, they also show that more complex systems in both physics and biology display emergent properties and/or behaviors that cannot be explained in the terms of the sum of parts. One of the most startling implications of non-locality in human terms, claim the authors, is that there is no longer any basis for believing in the stark division between mind and world that has preoccupied much of western thought since the seventeenth century. And they also make a convincing case that human consciousness can now be viewed as emergent from and seamlessly connected with the entire cosmos. In pursuing this groundbreaking argument, the authors not only provide a fascinating history of developments that led to the discovery of non-locality and the sometimes heated debate between the great scientists responsible for these discoveries. They also argue that advances in scientific knowledge have further eroded the boundaries between physics and biology, and that recent studies on the evolution of the human brain suggest that the logical foundations of mathematics and ordinary language are much more similar than we previously imagined. What this new knowledge reveals, the authors conclude, is that the connection between mind and nature is far more intimate than we previously dared to imagine. What they offer is a revolutionary look at the implications of non-locality, implications that reach deep into that most intimate aspect of humanity: consciousness.
Trickle-Down Revelation and Religious Entropy
Authors: McDermott Gerald R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The scientific study of religion originated not in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as scholars have often presumed, but in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The seeds were sown even earlier. During the Middle Ages “the religions” had been understood as the religious orders of the Roman Catholic church. But with German cardinal and philosopher Nicholas of Cusa (1401–64) and Italian humanist Marsilio Ficino (1433–99), philosophers began to think in terms of religion as a generic entity underlying all religious differences. Then in the seventeenth century the Cambridge Platonists spoke of a general human ability to find true religion by means of a priori ideas. Religious variations arose, they conjectured, when these innate ideas interacted with material conditions such as geography, custom, and habit.
American Indians
Authors: McDermott Gerald R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jonathan Edwards felt little but contempt for Native American religion. When trying to refute English Nonconformist John Taylor’s notion of an innate human capacity for religious knowledge, he used American Indians as a trump card. What did Europeans find when they came to America and discovered a people who had had the benefit of thousands of years to develop this capacity for religious truth? Nothing but “the grossest ignorance, delusions, and most stupid paganism” (OS, 151).
Metaphysical Ordinary Language Philosophy
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have suggested that there are three very different approaches to philosophical problems that might be thought of as “ordinary language philosophy,” and I have proposed to call them “Standard,” “Metaphysical,” and “Investigative.” I do not mean to suggest by this division that every ordinary language philosopher fits neatly into one or another of these categories, for it is not uncommon for a philosopher to employ one of these methods at one time (or when dealing with one problem) and to employ another at another time (or when dealing with some other problem). This is not because they recognize that they are doing something different from time to time but because they fail to see how different these methods are.
Investigating Appearances
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How does Investigative Ordinary Language Philosophy work? What does it look like? It shouldn’t be necessary to address these questions, because philosophy practiced in this manner, by Ebersole and a few others, has been around for nearly half a century. But for reasons I have tried to explain (such as widespread acceptance of the Universal Dismisser) it has been neglected, and only a handful of philosophers have tried to conduct their thinking in this manner. In view of its unamiliarity, then, I will present here, as a small sample, a piece that I wrote (for the most part) forty years ago.