bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Image-based Ensemble Model to Identify Myenteric Plexitis and Predict Endoscopic Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease: A Multicentre, Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Yuexin , He Qi , Yao Danhua , Huang Yuhua , Xia Wenwen , Chen Weilin , Cui Zhe , Li Yousheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Myenteric plexitis is correlated with postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease when relying on traditional statistical methods. However, comprehensive assessment of myenteric plexus remains challenging. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning system to predict postoperative recurrence through automatic screening and identification of features of the muscular layer and myenteric plexus.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 205 patients who underwent bowel resection surgery from two hospitals. Patients were divided into a training cohort [n = 108], an internal validation cohort [n = 47], and an external validation cohort [n = 50]. A total of 190 960 patches from 278 whole-slide images of surgical specimens were analysed using the ResNet50 encoder, and 6144 features were extracted after transfer learning. We used five robust algorithms to construct classification models. The performances of the models were evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] in three cohorts.

Results
The stacking model achieved satisfactory accuracy in predicting postoperative recurrence of CD in the training cohort (AUC: 0.980; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.960–0.999), internal validation cohort [AUC: 0.908; 95% CI 0.823–0.992], and external validation cohort [AUC: 0.868; 95% CI 0.761–0.975]. The accuracy for identifying the severity of myenteric plexitis was 0.833, 0.745, and 0.694 in the training, internal validation and external validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions
Our work initially established an interpretable stacking model based on features of the muscular layer and myenteric plexus extracted from histological images to identify the severity of myenteric plexitis and predict postoperative recurrence of CD.
A new test for unit roots with a partial quadratic trend
Authors: Li Yanglin , Wang Shaoping , Jin Sainan , Xiao Zhijie 
Published: November 2023

Summary
This paper proposes a new test for unit root processes with a partial quadratic trend on an unknown break date, denoted as the URQ process herein. Such a process is extremely similar to the explosive bubble process, and both can capture the sharp rise in prices. We develop the asymptotic distributions under the local-to-unity hypothesis, which covers the URQ null and explosive root alternatives. Simulations show that the test has good finite sample performances and can differentiate explosive bubble processes from URQ processes. An application to the Kweichow Moutai and Apple stocks, which exhibit striking price rises during their respective sample periods, shows that both prices follow URQ processes. We further provide a fundamental analysis. The significant increases in earnings, returns, dividends, and fundamental score after the partial quadratic trend occurs provide evidence that a fundamental improvement rather than a bubble mainly drives such drastic price rises.
Spatial patterns of hyperparasitism along a latitudinal gradient of forest genus diversity: insights from the spruce budworm-parasitoids community
Authors: Legault Simon , James Patrick M A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-order mobile predators are generally thought to increase ecosystem stability and resilience to natural perturbations. In many insect food-webs, higher trophic positions are occupied by parasitoids, which are themselves hosts for hyperparasitoids that can reduce primary parasitoids’ efficiency in controlling insect pests. Hyperparasitoids can thus provide ecosystem disservices by facilitating pest outbreaks, or ecosystem services by stabilizing food web fluctuations over longer time periods. To better understand how hyperparasitism affects multitrophic forest systems, we examined for the first time spatial variations in hyperparasitism associated with the spruce budworm. We examined 2 common primary parasitoids of the spruce budworm during outbreaks (Apanteles fumiferanae and Glypta fumiferanae), and estimated their true and pseudohyperparasitism rates in 2014–2015 from 28 locations across a latitudinal gradient (over 450 km) of forest genus diversity. Hyperparasitoid cryptic diversity was also quantified using DNA-barcoding. We found that A. fumiferanae and G. fumiferanae share at least 2 of 5 common hyperparasitoid species, confirming the connected nature of the spruce budworm-parasitoid food web. Moreover, hyperparasitism is modulated by spatial context as we observed a positive correlation between forest genus diversity and hyperparasitism for A. fumiferanae, but not for G. fumiferanae. Further monitoring hyperparasitism holds significant potential to provide new insights into how forest composition affects multitrophic interactions and spatio-temporal outbreak dynamics.
Short-term spatial dispersion patterns between the larger grain borer and the maize weevil in grain columns
Authors: Quellhorst Hannah E , Kim Tania N , Zhu Kun Yan , Morrison William R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The invasive larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus) and the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) co-occur in many regions of the world. While competition between these 2 species has been studied extensively, there is little information on spatial dispersion patterns in bulk storage of grain. To evaluate potential overlap in realized niche, we evaluated the short-term spatial dispersion behavior of P. truncatus and S. zeamais in monolayers of maize alone or together for 1 day compared to 7 days. We evaluated competition under three different densities, namely 10–20, 75–150, and 150–300 insects/kg for P. truncatus and S. zeamais. The monolayers were equally divided into 24 zones to track location the abundance of insects and damage to maize. We found that both species generally aggregated together and were correlated to the same location as heterospecifics. After 1 day, most of the insects for both species were near the top of the monolayer, but by 7 days, most individuals were at the bottom of the monolayers. In monolayers, when alone, P. truncatus created a clear path of destruction to the bottom of the monolayer, but when S. zeamais was present, damage was lessened and shifted upwards in the grain column. In an olfactometer assay, P. truncatus preferred maize odors, while S. zeamais exhibited no preference among maize, conspecifics, and heterospecifics. In evaluating relative emissions, each of these treatments emitted unique odors but with significant overlap. These data may improve targeting of chemical control tactics by identifying the position of these insects in the grain mass.
Association between tomato consumption and blood pressure in an older population at high cardiovascular risk: observational analysis of PREDIMED trial
Authors: Murcia-Lesmes David , Domínguez-López Inés , Laveriano-Santos Emily P , Tresserra-Rimbau Anna , Castro-Barquero Sara , Estruch Ramón , Vazquez-Ruiz Zenaida , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Razquin Cristina , Corella Dolores , Sorli Jose V , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Pérez-Vega Karla-Alejandra , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , Lapetra José , Arós Fernando , Fiol Miquel , Serra-Majem Luis , Pinto Xavier , Ros Emilio , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Clinical studies have produced conflicting evidence on the effects of the consumption of tomatoes on blood pressure, and there are limited data from epidemiologic studies. This study assesses whether tomato consumption (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the risk of hypertension in a prospective 3-year longitudinal study in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods and results
The present study was carried out within the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial involving 7056 (82.5% hypertensive) participants. The consumption of tomato (g/day) was measured using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into four groups: lowest (&lt;44 g), intermediate (44–82 g), upper-intermediate (82–110 g), and highest (&gt;110 g). Multilevel linear mixed models examined blood pressure and tomato consumption association. Cox proportional-hazards models analysed hypertension risk in 1097 non-hypertensive participants, studying risk reductions vs. the lowest tomato consumers. An inverse association between tomato consumption and diastolic blood pressure was observed between the intermediate group β = −0.65 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.20, −0.10] and the lowest consumption group. A significant inverse association was observed for blood pressure in grade 1 hypertension participants in the intermediate tomato consumption group. The risk of hypertension decreased with consumption of &gt;110 g/day tomato (highest vs. lowest consumption; hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.51–0.89]).

Conclusion
Tomato consumption, including tomato-based products, is beneficial in preventing and managing hypertension. Higher tomato intake reduces hypertension risk by 36%, and moderate consumption lowers blood pressure, especially in grade 1 hypertension.
The role of social support as a moderator between resilience and levels of burden of multimorbidity management among general practitioners: a cross-sectional study in Portugal
Authors: Prazeres Filipe , Castro Luísa , Teixeira Andreia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Multimorbidity management poses significant challenges for general practitioners (GPs). The aim of this study is to analyse the role of resilience and social support on the burden experienced by GPs in managing patients with multiple health conditions in Portugal.

Methods
Cross-sectional quantitative study conducted among GPs in Portugal using an online questionnaire that included validated measurement tools: Questionnaire of Evaluation of Burden of Management of Multimorbidity in General and Family Medicine (SoGeMM-MGF), European Portuguese Version of the Resilience Scale (ER14), and the Oslo Social Support Scale-3 (OSSS-3) in Portuguese. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors influencing the burden of managing multimorbidity.

Results
Two hundred and thirty-nine GPs were included, with 76.6% being female and a median age of 35 years. Most participants were specialists (66.9%) and had less than a decade of experience managing multimorbidity. Over 70% had not received specific training in multimorbidity. Female GPs and those with a higher proportion of multimorbid patients in the registries experienced higher burden levels. A multivariate regression model with moderation revealed that the effect of resilience on burden varied depending on the level of social support. Higher resilience was associated with higher burden in the “Poor Social Support” category, while it was associated with lower burden in the “Moderate Social Support” and “Strong Social Support” categories, although not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The study highlights the importance of GPs’ social support and resilience in managing the burden of multimorbidity, with poor social support potentially worsening the effects of high resilience.
Integrating Lidar Canopy Height Models with Satellite-Assisted Inventory Methods: A Comparison of Inventory Estimates
Authors: Hemingway Halli , Opalach Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractForest management inventories are essential tools for planning, sustainability assessment, and carbon accounting. The operational difficulties and cost to obtain field measurements for large landscapes is often prohibitive. Remote sensing offers an alternative to field-based sampling but has often been used in an area-based approach. The most recent remote sensing techniques can produce a census-level tree list, but these data are monetarily and computationally expensive. This research examines two remote sensing approaches compared with field-based methods to build forest management inventories for the same forest land base in north central Idaho, USA. Estimates of volume, density, and height were compared by stand and at the total ownership level. Incorporating lidar data reduced overall error and bias when compared with using satellite data alone. The low-pulse density of the lidar data used in this analysis resulted in underprediction of density for high-density stands. Species predictions proved challenging, with accuracies of 66% at the stand level and 54% at the individual tree level. Further research to refine species predictions in complex environments is encouraged.Study Implications: Forest management inventory estimates derived from satellite and lidar data are compared with estimates derived from field-based sampling. When satellite and lidar data are combined, the error is reduced and total forest volume estimates are comparable with those obtained from a field-based sample. Further research on improving species predictions for areas with multiple tree species and complex topography is needed. These methods are best suited for forest managers who desire to continue using their existing inventory software, need a complete inventory in 1–2 years, and want to avoid the large cost for a more intensive, census-level lidar inventory.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of navel orange cv. Gannanzao (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Gannanzao)
Authors: Xiong Zhiwei , Yin Hui , Wang Nian , Han Guanzhu , Gao Yuxia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Navel orange cv. Gannanzao is a variant of the navel orange cv. Newhall (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) that exhibits an earlier maturation, making it commercially valuable. However, the mechanisms underlying its early maturation remain obscure. To address this question, we conducted genome sequencing and de novo assembly of navel orange cv. Gannanzao. The assembled genome sequence is 334.57 Mb in length with a GC content of 31.48%. It comprises 318 contigs (N50 = 3.23 Mb) and 187 scaffolds (N50 = 31.86 Mb). The Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs test demonstrates 94.6% completeness. The annotation revealed 23,037 gene models, 164.95 Mb of repetitive sequences, and 2,554 noncoding RNAs. A comparative analysis identified 323 fruit ripening–related genes in navel orange cv. Gannanzao genome, while navel orange cv. Newhall genome contained 345 such genes. These genes were organized into 320 orthologous gene families, with 30.3% of them exhibiting differences in gene copy numbers between the 2 genomes. Additionally, we identified 15 fruit ripening–related genes that have undergone adaptive evolution, suggesting their potential role in advancing fruit maturation in navel orange cv. Gannanzao. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation of navel orange cv. Gannanzao provides a valuable resource to unravel the early maturation mechanism of citrus and enriches the genomic resources for citrus research.
Finishing the egg
Authors: Berg Celeste , Sieber Matthew , Sun Jianjun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gamete development is a fundamental process that is highly conserved from early eukaryotes to mammals. As germ cells develop, they must coordinate a dynamic series of cellular processes that support growth, cell specification, patterning, the loading of maternal factors (RNAs, proteins, and nutrients), differentiation of structures to enable fertilization and ensure embryonic survival, and other processes that make a functional oocyte. To achieve these goals, germ cells integrate a complex milieu of environmental and developmental signals to produce fertilizable eggs. Over the past 50 years, Drosophila oogenesis has risen to the forefront as a system to interrogate the sophisticated mechanisms that drive oocyte development. Studies in Drosophila have defined mechanisms in germ cells that control meiosis, protect genome integrity, facilitate mRNA trafficking, and support the maternal loading of nutrients. Work in this system has provided key insights into the mechanisms that establish egg chamber polarity and patterning as well as the mechanisms that drive ovulation and egg activation. Using the power of Drosophila genetics, the field has begun to define the molecular mechanisms that coordinate environmental stresses and nutrient availability with oocyte development. Importantly, the majority of these reproductive mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, and many play critical roles in the development of somatic tissues as well. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress in several key areas that impact egg chamber development and ovulation. First, we discuss the mechanisms that drive nutrient storage and trafficking during oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis. Second, we examine the processes that regulate follicle cell patterning and how that patterning impacts the construction of the egg shell and the establishment of embryonic polarity. Finally, we examine regulatory factors that control ovulation, egg activation, and successful fertilization.
rvTWAS: identifying gene–trait association using sequences by utilizing transcriptome-directed feature selection
Authors: He Jingni , Li Qing , Zhang Qingrun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Toward the identification of genetic basis of complex traits, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is successful in integrating transcriptome data. However, TWAS is only applicable for common variants, excluding rare variants in exome or whole-genome sequences. This is partly because of the inherent limitation of TWAS protocols that rely on predicting gene expressions. Our previous research has revealed the insight into TWAS: the 2 steps in TWAS, building and applying the expression prediction models, are essentially genetic feature selection and aggregations that do not have to involve predictions. Based on this insight disentangling TWAS, rare variants’ inability of predicting expression traits is no longer an obstacle. Herein, we developed “rare variant TWAS,” or rvTWAS, that first uses a Bayesian model to conduct expression-directed feature selection and then uses a kernel machine to carry out feature aggregation, forming a model leveraging expressions for association mapping including rare variants. We demonstrated the performance of rvTWAS by thorough simulations and real data analysis in 3 psychiatric disorders, namely schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. We confirmed that rvTWAS outperforms existing TWAS protocols and revealed additional genes underlying psychiatric disorders. Particularly, we formed a hypothetical mechanism in which zinc finger genes impact all 3 disorders through transcriptional regulations. rvTWAS will open a door for sequence-based association mappings integrating gene expressions.
M1 and M2 Macrophages Differentially Regulate Colonic Crypt Renewal
Authors: Raveenthiraraj Sathuwarman , Awanis Griselda , Chieppa Marcello , O’Connell Amy E , Sobolewski Anastasia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The colonic epithelium is the most rapidly renewing tissue in the body and is organized into a single cell layer of invaginations called crypts. Crypt renewal occurs through Lgr5 + gut stem cells situated at the crypt base, which divide, produce daughter cells that proliferate, migrate, differentiate into all the cells required for normal gut function, and are finally shed into the crypt lumen. In health, this rapid renewal helps maintain barrier function next to the hostile gut microbial luminal environment. Inflammation results in an influx of immune cells including inflammatory M1 macrophages into the gut mucosa next to the crypt epithelium, but the direct effect of macrophages on crypt regeneration and renewal are poorly understood.

Methods
Using an in vitro macrophage-crypt coculture model, we show that homeostatic M2 macrophages and inflammatory M1 macrophages confer different effects on the crypt epithelium.

Results
Both M1 and M2 increase crypt cell proliferation, with M2 macrophages requiring physical contact with the crypt epithelium, whereas M1 macrophages exert their effect through a secreted factor. Only M1 macrophages reduce goblet and Tuft cell numbers and increase Lgr5 + crypt stem cell numbers, all dependent on physical contact with the crypt epithelium. Further studies showed that M1 macrophages increase the Wnt signaling pathways cyclin D1 and LEF1 through physical contact rather than a secreted factor.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of understanding distinct cellular interactions and direct dialogue between cells and increase our understanding of the contribution of different immune cell subtypes on crypt cell biology during inflammation.
Fuentes normativas y desarrollo jurisprudencial del derecho humano al agua en América LatinaNormative sources and jurisprudential development of the human right to water in Latin America
Authors: Castillo Jofré Rodrigo , Álvez-Marín Amaya , Lima Moraes Gabriela G B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews international and domestic normative and jurisprudential sources of the last twenty years on the Human Right to Water (HRW), focusing the study on Latin American countries that do not have this right expressly enshrined in their constitutional texts, especially Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. It analyzes the arguments used in its recognition, the elements of its structure, and the ways of addressing the problem of entitlement and enforceable duties. The conclusion shows a stage of jurisprudential progress in the first two countries (Colombia and Argentina), with a recognition of various contents of the DHA in accordance with international standards, while in the case of Brazil and Chile there is evidence, with nuances, of a limited recognition. In this regard, the internal normative structures differ in terms of the role of the State and individuals in water management, and the judicial tools for the protection of fundamental rights as a way of processing conflicts over access to water.
Practice pharmacists and their influence on prescribing in UK general practice: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Carter Mary , Chapman Sarah , Rogers Philip , Watson Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
At the time of the survey, just over 2000 pharmacists were employed in UK general practice. Little is known about their influence on prescribing, and more specifically, the extent of their use of Audit and Feedback (A&F), an evidence-based method for behaviour change. This study aimed to explore pharmacists’ current influence on prescribing in UK general practice.

Methods
A cross-sectional, online survey was open to general practice pharmacists in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales between 9 September 2021 and 31 October 2021. The survey comprised 36 items, informed by the literature, including multiple choice and free-text questions about pharmacist responsibilities, involvement in prescribing audits (including use of A&F), use of prescribing guidelines, beliefs about influence on prescribing, and access to training and support. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were generated, and parametric analyses were conducted.

Key findings
In total, 155 responses were received from pharmacists in diverse practice locations, with a wide range of practice pharmacist experience. The majority (80%, n = 121) conducted prescribing audits, but only 21% (n = 32) reported undertaking A&F. Most respondents (90%, n = 140) used guidelines to inform their work, and 75% (n = 116) would welcome training on influencing prescribing. Pharmacists using A&F were more likely to believe in their ability to influence prescribing and to acknowledge this activity as part of their role.

Conclusion
Despite substantial evidence of its effectiveness, A&F is under-used by practice pharmacists. An increased awareness and enablement of practice pharmacists in effective techniques might promote greater evidence-based prescribing in general practice.