bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scale of Parent‐to‐Child Emotions (SPCE): Development and validation of a short form
Authors: Hada Ayako , Ohashi Yukiko , Usui Yuriko , Kitamura Toshinori 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimParents' emotions towards a child are extremely important. The Scale of Parent‐to‐Child Emotions (SPCE) consists of five basic and four self‐conscious emotion domains for assessment of parental emotional states. Abridgement of the SPCE is needed for research and clinical settings.MethodsOur previous investigational data for SPCE development were used in this study. The sample of 2336 fathers and 2264 mothers, whose eldest child's age was up to 12 years old, was analyzed. Total information for each pair (form) of items corresponding to a latent trait (θ) was calculated. The form with the greatest amount of total information was selected as the best for each domain. In addition, relative efficiency for each form and correlations of raw sum scores in classical test theory (CTT) for short forms with factor scores in item response theory (IRT) were calculated.ResultsThe SPCE was shortened to 18 items by selecting two items each for nine domains. Correlations of raw sum scores in CTT for short forms with factor scores in IRT were correlated strongly and significantly.ConclusionThis abridged form of the scale, the SPCE‐18, may be applicable in a busy clinical setting or research works to investigate the trajectory of parent‐to‐child emotions across a long span of time.
Pathogenicity analysis and comparative genomics reveal the different infection strategies between the generalist Metarhizium anisopliae and the specialist Metarhizium acridum
Authors: Du Yanru , Li Jun , Chen Shaopeng , Xia Yuxian , Jin Kai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fungal genera Metarhizium contain many important multiple species that are used as biocontrol agents and as model organisms for exploring insect–fungal interactions. Metarhizium spp. exhibit different traits of pathogenicity, suggesting that the pathogenesis can be quite distinctive. However, the underlying differences in their pathogenesis remain poorly understood.RESULTSPathogenicity analysis showed that Metarhizium anisopliae (strain CQMa421) displayed higher virulence against oriental migratory locusts, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), than the acridid‐specific specie Metarhizium acridum (strain CQMa102). Relative to M. acridum, M. anisopliae possessed a higher conidial hydrophobicity, increased ability to penetrate the host, accelerated growth under hypoxia and enhanced ability for the utilization of different carbon sources. Different distributions of carbohydrate epitopes at cell wall surface of M. anisopliae might also contribute to successful evasion of host immune defenses. Comparative genomics showed that M. anisopliae has 98 more virulence‐related secreted proteins (133) than M. acridum (35), which can be functionally classified as hydrolases, virulence effectors, cell wall degradation and stress tolerance‐related proteins, and helpful to the cuticle penetration and host internal environment adaption. In addition, differences in genomic clusters specifically related to secondary metabolites, including the clusters of Indole‐NRPS hybrid, T1PKS‐NRPS like hybrid, Betalactone, Fungal‐Ripp and NRPS‐Terpene hybrid, may lead to differences in core virulence‐related secondary metabolite genes in M. acridum (18) and M. anisopliae (36).CONCLUSIONThe comparative study provided new insights into the different infection strategies between M. anisopliae and M. acridum, and further facilitate the identification of virulence‐related genes for the improvement of mycoinsecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The role of vitamin D in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Li Mengxi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHypoxia pulmonary hypertension (PH) belongs to the third major category in PH classification. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of hypoxia PH. Low serum vitamin D concentration is considered to be a possible risk factor for chronic lung disease; epidemiological studies have found that vitamin D deficiency increases pulmonary artery pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D levels in COPD and chronic hypoxic PH. This retrospective study selected three groups of people as research subjects, including: Group N: normal control group (people without any chronic lung disease or PH); Group C: patients with COPD, but without PH; Group C + PH: patients with COPD and PH. Vitamin D levels and pulmonary artery pressure were observed in the three groups. Vitamin D levels of the three groups showed statistical differences in every pairwise comparison; the vitamin D level of Group C (20.27 ng/mL) was lower than Group N (23.48 ng/mL), Group C + PH was the lowest (14.92 ng/mL). The levels of vitamin D in the three groups in this study were generally low. Vitamin D is negatively correlated with pulmonary artery systolic blood pressure. Low vitamin D levels may have a certain relationship with the occurrence and development of COPD. Further reductions in vitamin D levels may influence the development of PH in COPD.
AdS3 orbifolds, BTZ black holes, and holography
Authors: Martinec Emil J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Conical defects of the form (AdS3 × $$ {\mathbbm{S}}^3 $$

S
3

)/ℤk have an exact orbifold description in worldsheet string theory, which we derive from their known presentation as gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten models. The configuration of strings and fivebranes sourcing this geometry is well-understood, as is the correspondence to states/operators in the dual CFT2. One can analytically continue the construction to Euclidean AdS3 (i.e. the hyperbolic ball $$ {\mathbb{H}}_3^{+} $$

ℍ
3
+

) and consider the orbifold by any infinite discrete (Kleinian) group generated by a set of elliptic elements γi ∈ SL(2, ℂ), $$ {\gamma}_i^{{\textrm{k}}_i} $$

γ
i

k
i

= 𝟙, i = 1, . . . , K. The resulting geometry consists of multiple conical defects traveling along geodesics in $$ {\mathbb{H}}_3^{+} $$

ℍ
3
+

, and provides a semiclassical bulk description of correlation functions in the dual CFT involving the corresponding defect operators, which is nonperturbatively exact in α′. The Lorentzian continuation of these geometries describes a collection of defects colliding to make a BTZ black hole. We comment on a recent proposal to use such correlators to prepare a basis of black hole microstates, and elaborate on a picture of black hole formation and evaporation in terms of the underlying brane dynamics in the bulk.
Stereoscopic X-ray image and thermo-optical surface guidance for breast cancer radiotherapy in deep inspiration breath-hold
Authors: Buschmann Martin , Kauer-Dorner Daniela , Konrad Stefan , Georg Dietmar , Widder Joachim , Knäusl Barbara 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the feasibility of a thermo-optical surface imaging (SGRT) system combined with room-based stereoscopic X‑ray image guidance (IGRT) in a dedicated breast deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) irradiation workflow. In this context, benchmarking of portal imaging (EPID) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) against stereoscopic X‑rays was performed.

Methods
SGRT + IGRT data of 30 left-sided DIBH breast patients (1 patient with bilateral cancer) treated in 351 fractions using thermo-optical surface imaging and X-ray IGRT were retrospectively analysed. Patients were prepositioned based on a free-breathing surface reference derived from a CT scan. Once the DIBH was reached using visual feedback, two stereoscopic X‑ray images were acquired and registered to the digitally reconstructed radiographs derived from the DIBH CT. Based on this registration, a couch correction was performed. Positioning and monitoring by surface and X-ray imaging were verified by protocol-based EPID or CBCT imaging at selected fractions and the calculation of residual geometric deviations.

Results
The median X‑ray-derived couch correction vector was 4.9 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.3–7.1) mm long. Verification imaging was performed for 134 fractions (216 RT field verifications) with EPID and for 37 fractions with CBCT, respectively. The median 2D/3D deviation vector length over all verification images was 2.5 (IQR 1.6–3.9) mm/3.4 (IQR 2.2–4.8) mm for EPID/CBCT, both being well within the planning target volume (PTV) margins (7 mm). A moderate correlation (0.49–0.65) was observed between the surface signal and X-ray position in DIBH.

Conclusion
DIBH treatments using thermo-optical SGRT and X-ray IGRT were feasible for breast cancer patients. Stereoscopic X‑ray positioning was successfully verified by standard IGRT techniques.
Generation and physiological characterization of genome-edited Nicotiana benthamiana plants containing zeaxanthin as the only leaf xanthophyll
Authors: Sulli Maria , Dall’Osto Luca , Ferrante Paola , Guardini Zeno , Gomez Rodrigo Lionel , Mini Paola , Demurtas Olivia Costantina , Aprea Giuseppe , Nicolia Alessandro , Bassi Roberto , Giuliano Giovanni 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
Simultaneous genome editing of the two homeologousLCYeandZEPgenes ofNicotiana benthamianaresults in plants in which all xanthophylls are replaced by zeaxanthin.

Abstract
Plant carotenoids act both as photoreceptors and photoprotectants in photosynthesis and as precursors of apocarotenoids, which include signaling molecules such as abscisic acid (ABA). As dietary components, the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin have photoprotective functions in the human macula. We developed transient and stable combinatorial genome editing methods, followed by direct LC–MS screening for zeaxanthin accumulation, for the simultaneous genome editing of the two homeologous Lycopene Epsilon Cyclase (LCYe) and the two Zeaxanthin Epoxidase (ZEP) genes present in the allopolyploid Nicotiana benthamiana genome. Editing of the four genes resulted in plants in which all leaf xanthophylls were substituted by zeaxanthin, but with different ABA levels and growth habits, depending on the severity of the ZEP1 mutation. In high-zeaxanthin lines, the abundance of the major photosystem II antenna LHCII was reduced with respect to wild-type plants and the LHCII trimeric state became unstable upon thylakoid solubilization. Consistent with the depletion in LHCII, edited plants underwent a compensatory increase in PSII/PSI ratios and a loss of the large-size PSII supercomplexes, while the level of PSI-LHCI supercomplex was unaffected. Reduced activity of the photoprotective mechanism NPQ was shown in high-zeaxanthin plants, while PSII photoinhibition was similar for all genotypes upon exposure to excess light, consistent with the antioxidant and photoprotective role of zeaxanthin in vivo.
Modeling heterothermic fitness landscapes in a marsupial hibernator using changes in body composition
Authors: Abarzúa Tamara , Camus Isidora , Ortiz Felipe , Ñunque Abel , Cubillos Francisco A. , Sabat Pablo , Nespolo Roberto F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHibernation is an adaptive strategy that allows animals to enter a hypometabolic state, conserving energy and enhancing their fitness by surviving harsh environmental conditions. However, addressing the adaptive value of hibernation, at the individual level and in natural populations, has been challenging. Here, we applied a non-invasive technique, body composition analysis by quantitative magnetic resonance (qMR), to calculate energy savings by hibernation in a population of hibernating marsupials (Dromiciops gliroides). Using outdoor enclosures installed in a temperate rainforest, and measuring qMR periodically, we determined the amount of fat and lean mass consumed during a whole hibernation cycle. With this information, we estimated the daily energy expenditure of hibernation (DEEH) at the individual level and related to previous fat accumulation. Using model selection approaches and phenotypic selection analysis, we calculated linear (directional, β), quadratic (stabilizing or disruptive, γ) and correlational (ρ) coefficients for DEEH and fat accumulation. We found significant, negative directional selection for DEEH (βDEEH = − 0.58 ± 0.09), a positive value for fat accumulation (βFAT = 0.34 ± 0.07), and positive correlational selection between both traits (ρDEEH × FAT = 0.24 ± 0.07). Then, individuals maximizing previous fat accumulation and minimizing DEEH were promoted by selection, which is visualized by a bi-variate selection surface estimated by generalized additive models. At the comparative level, results fall within the isometric allometry known for hibernation metabolic rate in mammals. Thus, by a combination of a non-invasive technique for body composition analysis and semi-natural enclosures, we were characterized the heterothermic fitness landscape in a semi-natural population of hibernators.
Thromboembolic prophylaxis in neurosurgical practice: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyuan , Cai Husule , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
In neurosurgical patients, the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high due to the relatively long duration of surgical interventions, usually long immobilization time after surgery, and possible neurological deficits which can negatively influence mobility. In neurosurgical clinical practice, there is lack of consensus on optimal prophylaxis against VTE, mechanical or pharmacological.

Objective
To systematically review available literature on the incidence of VTE in neurosurgical interventions and to establish an optimum prevention strategy.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EmCare, based on a sensitive search string combination. Studies were selected by predefined selection criteria, and risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Cochrane risk of bias.

Results
Twenty-five studies were included, half of which had low risk of bias (21 case series, 3 comparative studies, 1 RCT). VTE was substantially higher if the evaluation was done by duplex ultrasound (DUS), or another systematic screening method, in comparison to clinical evaluation (clin). Without prophylaxis DVT, incidence varied from 4 (clin) to 10% (DUS), studies providing low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) reported an incidence of 2 (clin) to 31% (DUS), providing LMWH and compression stockings (CS) reported an incidence of 6.4% (clin) to 29.8% (DUS), and providing LMWH and intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPC) reported an incidence of 3 (clin) to 22.3% (DUS). Due to a lack of data, VTE incidence could not meaningfully be compared between patients with intracranial and spine surgery. The reported incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) was 0 to 7.9%.

Conclusion
Low molecular weight heparin, compression stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices were all evaluated to give reduction in VTE, but data were too widely varying to establish an optimum prevention strategy. Systematic screening for DVT reveals much higher incidence percentages in comparison to screening solely on clinical grounds and is recommended in follow-up of neurosurgical procedures with an increased risk for DVT development in order to prevent occurrence of PE.
Minimally invasive approaches in pancreatic cancer surgery
Authors: Deichmann Steffen , Wellner Ulrich , Bolm Louisa , Honselmann Kim , Braun Rüdiger , Abdalla Thaer , Keck Tobias 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis literature review reflects the present evidence on minimally invasive pancreatic surgery, differentiating between distal pancreatic resection and pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. The review analyzed studies comparing minimally invasive and open pancreatic surgery in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the WHO Trial Register according to the following MeSH search strategy: MeSH items: pancreatic surgery, minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery, laparoscopic surgery, pancreatoduodenectomy, and distal pancreatic resection. In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MI-DP) has been shown to result in shorter hospital stays, less blood loss, and better quality of life than open distal resection (ODP) with similar morbidity and mortality. Meta-analyses have suggested similar oncological outcomes between the two approaches. Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MI-PD) has been shown to offer advantages over open surgery, including shorter length of stay and less blood loss, by expert surgeons in several studies. However, these studies also reported longer operative times. As the procedure is technically demanding, only highly experienced pancreatic surgeons have performed MI-PD in most studies, so far limiting widespread recommendations. In addition, selection of cases for minimally invasive operations might currently influence the results. Registry studies from dedicated groups such as the European Consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (E-MIPS) and randomized controlled trials currently recruiting (DIPLOMA‑1 and 2, DISPACT-2) will bring more reliable data in the coming years. In conclusion, both MI-DP and MI-PD have shown some advantages over open surgery in terms of shorter hospital stays and reduced blood loss, but their effectiveness in terms of oncological outcomes is uncertain due to limited evidence. The study highlights the need for further randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and registry studies to further evaluate the safety, efficacy, and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive pancreatic resections.
‘They Yell and I Yell Back’ Pre-schoolers’ Descriptions of Conflict Laden Interactions at Home
Authors: Dahlberg Anton , Sarkadi Anna , Fängström Karin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver the past 50 years, extensive research has been published on the parent–child relationship and parenting. However, there are very few examples where young children are at the centre of attention for describing family dynamics, relationships and conflicts. This study aimed at addressing this research and knowledge gap through exploring the emotional and relational experiences of preschool children whose parents attended a universal parenting programme. Seventeen preschool children aged 3–6 were interviewed, using an emotion-focused, pictorial-based computer assisted interview method. The children’s descriptions of their family relationships were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The children described negative interplay within the families in rich detail, especially experiences where conflicts with parents escalated and were left unresolved. Moments of positive family interactions were described as well, but they were heavily overshadowed by the narratives containing negative parenting. The children also described compensatory behaviours, such as looking for comfort from siblings or pets. The narratives in this study gave a unique insight into the emotional and relational domestic context of children in families seeking universally offered parenting support. Given adequate tools and support, children as young as 3 or 4 years old could provide extensive information about their lives. We urge future research examining parenting or family interventions to include the children’s perspectives.
Committee Preferences and Information Acquisition
Authors: Arve Malin , Desrieux Claudine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study committees whose task is to make a binary decision where the correct decision depends on the state of the world that is imperfectly known. Committee members can exert effort to learn about the true state of the world, and their efforts are linked in a team production function. This allows to explore the externalities between the committee members’ efforts in the search for the truth and the different interactions between them. We compare committees made up of neutral members (neutral committees) to committees including biased members (polarized committees). We show that polarized committees may be more efficient than neutral committees when members’ efforts to acquire information are strategic substitutes, but not when efforts are strategic complements. Qualitatively, our results still hold when biased members have mixed preferences, i.e., they have a bias for one decision outcome but also care about matching the decision to the true state of the world. Our results have implications, for instance, for the rules governing committees in international arbitration and allow us to better understand how the committee composition affects the committee’s efficiency.
Thermodynamic and kinetic assessments in Co–Cr–Mn system using diffusion data
Authors: Pendem Sri Pragna , Haoge Li , Ueshima Nobufumi , Oikawa Katsunari , Tsukada Yuhki , Koyama Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtomic mobility and thermodynamic assessments of the fcc Co–Cr–Mn system were performed using the ternary diffusion data. Diffusion couples in the Co–rich region of the ternary fcc Co–Cr–Mn system were prepared and annealed at 900, 1050, and 1150 °C. The concentration profiles across the joint interface were measured using an electron probe microstructure analysis technique. The interdiffusivities were evaluated using the Whittle–Green method, and the atomic mobility parameters of the fcc phase were evaluated via numerical analysis of the diffusional flux. The thermodynamic parameters of the binary fcc Cr–Mn alloy were also determined using the CALPHAD method during the assessment of the mobility parameters in the Co–Cr–Mn system. The atomic mobility and thermodynamic descriptions obtained in this study were used to simulate the ternary concentration profiles. The excellent agreement between the experimental and simulated diffusion data validates the atomic mobility and thermodynamic parameters evaluated in this study.
Graphical Abstract
Opinions and experiences on the provision of care to people with mental illnesses: a qualitative study with Doctor of Pharmacy graduates after a rotation in psychiatry
Authors: Zolezzi Monica , Ghanem Rawan , Elamin Shahd , Eltorki Yassin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists are vital to optimizing therapy of people with mental illnesses. Limited knowledge, lack of confidence, and mental health-related stigma can lead to pharmacists’ reluctance in the provision of pharmaceutical care to this population. Advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE) in mental health have been reported as valuable learning opportunities to overcome these challenges.AimThis study aimed to explore PharmD graduates’ perceived preparedness, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions on influencing factors for the provision of pharmaceutical care to people with mental illnesses after completing an APPE rotation in psychiatry.MethodAll PharmD graduates who had completed a rotation in psychiatry were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. An interview guide was developed based on a literature review. A total of 11 PharmD graduates agreed to participate in the interviews, which were recorded, transcribed, and analysed inductively using thematic analysis and following a phenomenological approach.ResultsFive themes were identified: Prior familiarity to mental health, opinions on the rotation, views on stigma, rotation’s areas of improvement, and the positive impact of the rotation on practice. Although participants started the psychiatric rotation with low confidence and a sense of apprehension, they described their experience as unique, eye-opening, and insightful. Familiarity with mental health conditions before the rotation were perceived as a challenge to achieving full confidence in mental health care provision.ConclusionFor the most part, the APPE in psychiatry was viewed as a positive opportunity for enhancing the PharmD graduates’ insight, knowledge, and skills for pharmaceutical care provision to people with mental illnesses.