bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy and Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs
Authors: Davidson Ellen B. , David moll H. , Payton Mark E. 
Published: November 2004

Objectives—To evaluate technique, complication rates, postoperative pain scores, and clinical outcomes in dogs after laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOVH) or traditional ovariohysterectomy (OVH).Study Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals or Sample Population—Thirty‐four intact female dogs, weighing 2.4–31 kg.Methods—LOVH (16 dogs) was performed by ligation of the uterus and ovaries with surgical wire, and then removal by an assisted laparoscopic technique. OVH was performed in 18 dogs. Subjective and objective pain scores were assigned at 0, 2, 8, and 24 hours. Surgical time, complications, and pain and incision scores were evaluated. Dogs were followed for up to 6 months.Results—The mean surgical time for LOVH (120 minutes; range, 47–175 minutes) was significantly longer than for OVH (69 minutes; range, 25–140 minutes). Significantly lower pain scores (subjective, in 2 of 10 categories; objective, in 8 of 10 categories) were identified with LOVH at 1 or more time periods. Surgical complications with LOVH were postoperative fever and anorexia (1 dog), minor splenic (3) or pedicle hemorrhage (4), intermittent vaginal hemorrhagic discharge (1), and suture reaction (3). Surgical complications with OVH were hemorrhage from an ovarian pedicle requiring reoperation (1 dog), dehiscence of the abdominal wall (1), and seroma (1). Anesthetic complications included hypotension in 8 OVH dogs and 1 LOVH dog, and hypothermia in 4 OVH and 9 LOVH dogs. The mean incision scores were lower for LOVH at all time periods.Conclusion—LOVH was performed successfully in young nonparous dogs >10 kg. Surgical time and complication rates were greater; however, LOVH postoperative pain scores were ≤OVH scores.Clinical Relevance—LOVH is a potentially safe surgical alternative to traditional OVH in dogs. Equipment cost and necessity for more than 1 surgeon may limit its usefulness in small animal practice.
Spatial and Temporal Expression of Types I and II Receptors for Transforming Growth Factor β in Normal Equine Skin and Dermal Wounds
Authors: De martin Isabelle , Theoret Christine L. 
Published: November 2004

Objective— To describe immunolocalization of TGF‐β receptors (RI and RII) in normal equine skin and in thoracic or limb wounds, healing normally or with exuberant granulation tissue (EGT).Study Design— Group A: six wounds on one metacarpus and one midthoracic area. Group B: six wounds on both metacarpi, one of which was bandaged to stimulate EGT. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect RI and RII expression in wound margins.Animals— Eight horses, randomly assigned to one of two study groups.Methods— Neutralizing polyclonal anti‐rabbit RI and RII antibodies were used to detect spatial expression of RI and RII in biopsies obtained before wounding, at 12 and 24 hours, and 5, 10 and 14 days after wounding.Results— RI and RII were co‐localized in both unwounded and wounded skin. There were no differences in cell types staining positively between tissues obtained from the limb and the thorax, or from normally healing limb wounds and limb wounds with EGT, at any time. Because of increased cellularity within EGT, staining intensity of limb wounds with ‘proud flesh’ was greater than limb wounds healing normally, and thoracic wounds, during the proliferative phase of repair.Conclusions— Strong expression of RI and RII, particularly in limb wounds with EGT, suggested that signalling for stimulation of matrix proteins is in place to contribute to scarring.Clinical Relevance— This information may help determine the appropriate time for using receptor antagonists to prevent scarring of limb wounds of horses.
Recurrent herpes labialis in US children and youth
Authors: Shulman Jay D. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract –  Objective:  This study reports data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1988–1994 (NHANES III).Methods:  NHANES III was a complex, multistage sample of 33 994 civilian, non‐institutional individuals from 19 528 households. Dentist examiners were trained to recognize, classify oral mucosal lesions to include recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Subjects ≥8 years of age were asked if they had cold sores in the past year and serologic tests for herpes virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and type 2 (HSV‐2) were performed on blood of youth >12 years of age.Results:  Examinations were performed on 10 032 individuals 2–17 years of age. Overall point prevalence was 1.42% (0.69–2.15); annual prevalence in individuals 8–17 years of age was 14.77% (12.74–16.80); and serologic prevalence of HSV‐1 in youth 12–17 years of age was 43.18% (38.88–47.48). When the data were subset to youth 12–17, annual prevalence for seropositives was 24.13% (20.44–27.82) compared with 16.87 (14.16–19.57) for all subjects. Approximately 25% of the seropositive youth had at least one recurrence in the past year.Conclusion:  As RHL is a recurrent infection, prevalence in a population will be related to the proportion of the population that has been infected with herpes simplex virus. When lesion‐specific prevalences are cited in the literature, they should be stratified by covariates known to be associated with them. Future studies should examine RHL prevalence in infected individuals.
Influence of perceived provider performance on satisfaction with oral health care among adolescents
Authors: Okullo Isaac , Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Haugejorden Ola 
Published: November 2004

Abstract – Objective:  To investigate satisfaction with dental care received at the last dental appointment among adolescents and to analyse factors influencing their satisfaction scores.Method:  A total of 1146 subjects (mean age 15.8 years) attending secondary schools in Kampala (urban, n = 591) and Lira (rural, n = 555) completed structured questionnaires at school in 2001.Results:  A total of 63% and 75% of Kampala and Lira students, respectively, reported attendance to dental clinics during the previous 2 years. The corresponding rates of students who confirmed satisfaction with oral health care services received were 73 and 77. In a logistic regression model, the students of Kampala who attended a dentist more than once, had no painful experience at the visit, evaluated their oral condition positively, were satisfied with the dentist's communication and dentist's information, were more likely to be satisfied with the oral health services received (OR = 1.7, 2.2, 4.1, 2.9 and 4.9, respectively). Regarding rural students, being satisfied with oral condition, dentist's communication and dentist's information were associated with higher odds of being satisfied with oral health care services (OR = 2.9, 1.9 and 2.3, respectively).Conclusion:  Inter‐personal interaction with the dentist is a key determinant in establishing satisfaction with dental care among urban as well as rural adolescents.
Salivary fluoride levels following application of fluoride varnish or fluoride rinse
Authors: Eakle W. Stephan , Featherstone John D. B. , Weintraub Jane A. , Shain Sara G. , Gansky Stuart A. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract – Objectives:  This study examined the concentration of fluoride in whole saliva over time following the application of a fluoride varnish or a single rinse with a fluoride solution.Methods:  A two‐period, two‐treatment randomized cross‐over experimental trial with a 2‐week washout period was used with 16 adult subjects. In the first period, eight subjects rinsed once with a 0.05% NaF solution and 8 subjects had 5.0% NaF varnish applied to facial and lingual surfaces of 20 teeth. Stimulated whole saliva was collected at baseline, 5 and 15 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 80, 96, 104 h. After the washout period each subject was switched to the other treatment and saliva was collected at the same intervals. Salivary fluoride content was measured with the micro‐diffusion method.Results:  The NaF levels peaked at 5 min after application for both varnish (mean ± SE 24.5 ± 5.0 ppm) and rinse (3.2 ± 0.8 ppm). Mean NaF levels returned to baseline, on average, within 2 h for the rinse and within 24 h for the varnish. The maximum fluoride levels were significantly greater (P < 0.01) with the varnish than with the rinse and remained above baseline levels for a longer duration.Conclusions:  Salivary fluoride levels with the rinse returned to baseline, on average, in 2 h while they remained elevated for, on average, 24 h with the varnish. Salivary fluoride levels from the varnish were found to be comparable with those in previous studies for 1.1% neutral NaF.
Temporal stability of the theory of planned behavior: a prospective analysis of sugar consumption among Ugandan adolescents
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Okullo I. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract – Purpose:  This study addressed three questions: What is the power of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting adolescents’ intended and self‐perceived consumption of non‐milk extrinsic sugars using a non‐intervention prospective approach? To what extent do the TPB constructs change across time following adolescents’ mere exposure to an oral health survey? Do changes in self‐perceived sugar consumption at follow‐up associate with changes in behavioral intention as predicted by the TPB?Method:  A survey was conducted in Kampala (urban) and Lira (rural) and 1146 secondary school students completed questionnaires assessing the TPB at school (Time 1). A random sub‐sample of 415 students was selected from the original survey of which 372 students were examined clinically. After 3 months (Time 2), the questionnaire was administered a second time in the sub‐sample. All analyses are based on the number of students who participated on both survey occasions, n = 372.Results:  Attitudes and perceived behavioral control predicted intended sugar consumption at Time 1 and Time 2, accounting for 58% (ΔR2 = 0.58) and 19% (ΔR2 = 0.19) of the variance, respectively. Time 1 intention provided significant prediction of Time 2 self‐perceived sugar consumption with ΔR2 = 0.5. Adolescents with high‐caries experience more than their counterparts with low, changed towards weaker intentions and less frequent sugar consumption across the survey period. Mean sugar consumption scores changed from 2.6 to 2.7 (ns), 3.1 to 2.6 (P < 0.001) and 2.3 to 3.2 (P < 0.001) among adolescents who, respectively, remained stable, increased and decreased their intentions across time.Conclusion:  This study supports the validity of the TPB in predicting intended and self‐perceived sugar consumption prospectively.
Children's coping with pain during dental care
Authors: Versloot Judith , Veerkamp Jaap S. J. , Hoogstraten Johan , Martens Luc C. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract – Objectives:  The purpose of this study was (i) to assess the coping strategies of 11‐year‐old children when dealing with pain at the dentist, (ii) to determine the extent to which the level of the children's dental fear and their experience with pain at the dentist are related to their ability to cope and their choice of strategies, and (iii) to analyse the possible differences between subsamples concerning dental caries.Methods:  The coping strategies were investigated using the Dental Cope Questionnaire (n = 597); the level of dental fear was assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS‐DS); a question is asked whether a child had experienced pain at the dentist in the past and dental caries was assessed using the DMFS index.Results:  The results show that 11‐year olds use a variety of coping strategies. Internal strategies are used most frequently, external coping strategies are used less frequently, and destructive strategies are hardly used. The subjects rate internal and external strategies as effective. Children with pain experience and fearful children use more coping strategies, with fearful children using more internal strategies. Reported pain and anxiety were related to the dental status.Conclusions:  The use and choice of coping strategies seems to be at least partly determined by the level of dental fear and the child's experience with pain.
Impact of Human Genome Project on treatment of frail and edentulous patients*
Authors: Nishimura Ichiro , Garrett Neal 
Published: November 2004

Objective:  Because of ongoing increases in life expectancy and deferment of edentulousness to older age, dentists are facing a different challenge to satisfy elderly denture wearers with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases. This discussion introduces the Human Genome databases as novel and powerful resources to re‐examine the core problems experienced by frail and edentulous patients.Background:  Recent studies demonstrated that mandibular implant overdentures do not necessarily increase masticatory function, perception and satisfaction in denture wearers with adequate edentulous residual ridges. It has been demonstrated that the rate of edentulous residual ridge resorption significantly varies among individuals. The prognosis and cost‐effectiveness of denture treatment, with or without implants, may largely depend on how the edentulous ridge is maintained. However, reliable clinical methods permitting dentists to predict the long‐term health of the edentulous residual ridge are lacking.Materials and methods:  With the completion of the Human Genome Project, the genomic sequence database from this multinational consortium will provide a unique resource to determine the genetic basis of similarity and diversity of humans.Results:  One base pair in every 100 to 300 base pairs of the genome sequence varies among humans, suggesting that genetic diagnosis using the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may provide a novel opportunity to differentiate our edentulous patients.Conclusions:  Future dental service for the elderly will require a personalized care paradigm, using highly sensitive diagnostic technology such as SNP genomic analysis, for recommending the treatment with greatest potential benefit.
Pancreatitis induced by pegylated interferon alfa‐2b in a patient affected by chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cecchi Enrica , Forte Paolo , Cini Elisabetta , Banchelli Grazia , Ferlito Chiara , Mugelli Alessandro 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA middle‐aged man was admitted to the ED because of nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention and fainting. A blood analysis revealed high levels of serum amylase and lipase, confirming a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The history showed that the patient had self‐administered a single dose of pegylated interferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin daily for 7 days for chronic hepatitis C. The medications were stopped and his condition gradually improved. In agreement with the literature and the Naranjo algorythm result, pegylated interferon alfa‐2b is associated with acute pancreatitis. Identification of a few signs and symptoms is the first ‘signal’ in preventing a serious drug‐induced adverse event.
The Computational Complexity and Parallel Scalability of Atmospheric Data Assimilation Algorithms
Authors: Lyster P. M. , Guo J. , Clune T. , Larson J. W. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
This paper quantifies the computational complexity and parallel scalability of two algorithms for four-dimensional data assimilation (4DDA) at NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). The first, the Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System (GEOS DAS), uses an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and an observation-space-based analysis system, the Physical-Space Statistical Analysis System (PSAS). GEOS DAS is very similar to global meteorological weather forecasting data assimilation systems but is used at NASA for climate research. The second, the Kalman filter, uses a more consistent algorithm to determine the forecast error covariance matrix than does GEOS DAS. For atmospheric assimilation, the gridded dynamical fields typically have more than 106 variables; therefore, the full error covariance matrix may be in excess of a teraword. For the Kalman filter this problem will require petaflop s−1 computing to achieve effective throughput for scientific research.
Temperature Microstructure beneath Surface Gravity Waves
Authors: Stevens Craig L. , Smith Murray J. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Oceanic turbulence very near the water surface controls heat, momentum, energy, and mass transfer at the air–sea interface. This study examines the use of a rising temperature microstructure profiler for determination of the rate of turbulent energy dissipation ε beneath a water surface dominated by wind-driven surface gravity waves. Under short-fetch wind waves there is sufficient turbulent energy to generate an inertial-convective subrange. Thus, as well as the conventional Batchelor spectrum fitting approach, ε can be estimated using the temperature spectrum at lower wavenumbers. The inertial-convective subrange-derived turbulent energy dissipation rate εi compares well with the Batchelor spectrum method εb for higher dissipation rates. Sensor limitations mean that these estimates will be a lower bound. The highest dissipation rate estimates were in the uppermost data bin, indicating the importance of resolving right to the surface. Velocimeter results show that the surface waves modulate the rise velocity of the profiler, with variations reaching 75% of the deep water profiler speed. This increases the uncertainty in the transformation of spectra from frequency to wavenumber space using Taylor's frozen-field hypothesis. The use of an inertial convective structure-function-derived energy dissipation rate avoids this transformation. However, the structure function results are not encouraging as they provide a very poor estimate due to the sensitivity of the calculations and the low signal-to-noise ratio in the data. Repeated profiling illustrates the variability of turbulence intensity near the surface and also enables a reliable estimate of the background temperature gradient to be derived. This provides an improved estimate of vertical diffusion of heat.
A Hybrid Surface Reference Technique and Its Application to the TRMM Precipitation Radar
Authors: Meneghini R. , Jones J. A. , Iguchi T. , Okamoto K. , Kwiatkowski J. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Satellite weather radars that operate at attenuating wavelengths require an estimate of path attenuation to reconstruct the range profile of rainfall. One such method is the surface reference technique (SRT), by which attenuation is estimated as the difference between the surface cross section outside the rain and the apparent surface cross section measured in rain. This and the Hitschfeld–Bordan method are used operationally to estimate rain rate using data from the precipitation radar (PR) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. To overcome some of the problems associated with the latest operational version of the SRT, a hybrid surface reference is defined that uses information from the along-track and cross-track variations of the surface cross sections in rain-free areas. Over ocean, this approach eliminates most of the discontinuities in the path-attenuation field. Self-consistency of the estimates is tested by processing the orbits backward as well as forward. Calculations from 2 weeks of PR data show that 90% of the rain events over ocean for which the SRT is classified as reliable or marginally reliable are such that the absolute difference between the forward and backward estimates is less than 1 dB.
Preparation and Properties of 1,2-Bis[(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobuta[l]phenanthrene
Authors: Nakamura Akitake , Kawasaki Subaru , Toyota Kozo , Yoshifuji Masaaki 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Sterically protected 1,2-bis[(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphinidene]cyclobuta[l]phenanthrene (4) and its group(6) and group(10) transition metal complexes were prepared. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 4 revealed a planar structure of the diphosphinidenecyclobuta[l]phenanthrene moiety.
Novel Layered Organic–Inorganic Networks Assembled From PbI2 and N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-biphenylenedimethyleneimine
Authors: Kong Ling-Yan , Zhang Zheng-Hua , Okamura Taka-aki , Fei Ming-Jian , Sun Wei-Yin , Ueyama Norikazu 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Two novel metal-organic frameworks with different structures were obtained by reactions of PbI2 with N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)-1,4-biphenylenedimethyleneimine (L) under different M/L ratios. When the M/L ratio is 1:1, L bridges [PbI2]n chains to form a layered organic–inorganic hybrid compound with the empirical formula [Pb(L)I2] (1). When changing the M/L ratio to 2:1, L bridges the double chains [Pb2I4]n to form networks [Pb2(L)I4] (2), which are further linked by C–H···I hydrogen bonds to give a 3D structure.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofoams and Nanospheres by Varying Ratio of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin to Mesoporous Silica Foams
Authors: Chen Dong-Wun , Chang-Chien Chun-Yi , Lin Hong-Ping , Lin Yen-Po , Tang Chin-Yuan 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Carbon nanofoams and nanospheres of 25–30 nm were conveniently synthesized by using silica nanofoams as a template and commercial-grade phenol–formaldehyde resin as carbon source at different weight ratio of PF resin to silica template.
Discovery of a Magnetic Ionic Liquid [bmim]FeCl4
Authors: Hayashi Satoshi , Hamaguchi Hiro-o 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
A magnetic ionic liquid, which shows a strong response to magnetic field, has been discovered. We synthesized an ionic liquid by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) and FeCl3, in anticipation of unique magnetic properties due to the possible local ordering of the magnetic anions. The visible absorption spectroscopy has shown that this liquid contains the high spin FeCl4− as the anion. Raman spectroscopy has indicated that it contains bmim+ as the cation. It has thus been confirmed that the prepared liquid is [bmim]FeCl4. The liquid [bmim]FeCl4 responded strongly to magnetic field. The SQUID measurements have shown that it is paramagnetic having a large magnetic susceptibility of 40.6 × 10−6 emu g−1. The present discovery of a magnetic ionic liquid has opened up a new research area of the magnetism of liquids.
Life cycle assessment in management, product and process design, and policy decision making: A conference report
Authors: Cooper Joyce , Vigon Bruce , Curran Mary Ann , Franklin Bill 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
On 24 September 2003, life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioners and decision makers gathered at the InLCA/LCM Conference in Seattle, Washington, USA (see http://www.lcacenter.org/lnLCA-LCM03/index.html) to discuss the role of LCA in management, product design, process development, and regulatory/policy development decisions and to compare life cycle-based methods and tools with traditional product evaluation methods and tools. This article is a summary of that meeting and was prepared by the organizers as an overview of the many different technical, regulatory policy, and decision-making policy perspectives presented to an international gathering of participants representing academia and the industrial and regulatory communities.