bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of Videostroboscopic Parameters in Differentiating True Vocal Fold Cysts From Polyps
Authors: Shohet Jack A. , Courey Mark S. , Scott Margie A. , Ossoff Robert H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDifferentiating between benign true vocal fold (TVF) cysts, polyps, and nodules on the basis of their gross appearance would be advantageous in determining the need for surgical therapy. A retrospective study of 32 patients covering 31 months was done to assess the ability to differentiate these lesions on the basis of stroboscopic parameters. Stroboscopic examinations were evaluated for symmetry, amplitude, periodicity, mucosal wave, and closure. Preoperative diagnoses were validated with operative and histologic confirmation.Mucosal wave was absent or diminished in 100% of TVF cysts and present or increased in 80% of TVF polyps (P<.05). Thirty‐one percent of original histopathologic diagnoses were modified after pertinent clinical information was provided to the pathologist. Therefore, stroboscopic evaluation of mucosal wave is helpful in preoperative differentiation of TVF cysts and polyps, and providing clinical information to the pathologist is critical for useful histologic information.
Surgical Treatment of Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma) in the United States
Authors: Wiegand David A. , Ojemann Robert G. , Fickel Virginia 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn 1989, the Acoustic Neuroma Association established a multisurgeon, multi‐institutional registry to collect data related to the treatment of patients with acoustic neuroma. This report analyzes information from the 1579 surgically treated patients who were entered in the registry between January 1, 1989, and February 28, 1994.
Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery for Rhinogen Intraorbital Abscess
Authors: Wolf Stephan R. , Göde Ulrich , Hosemann Werner 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIntraorbital abscess is a serious complication of sinusitis with the danger of permanent loss of vision and even the danger of life‐threatening progress. The recommended surgical procedure in the literature for drainage of an intraorbital abscess is the external approach. We report on successful functional endonasal endoscopic surgery in a series of six sequential cases with intraorbital abscesses following sinusitis. The main advantages of this approach are the simultaneous treatment of causative disorders with surgery following the pathogenic route of the abscess formation and lack of trauma to further structures. The endoscope with 25‐ or 70‐degree angled axis of vision enables the surgeon to explore and drain the abscess cavity, which often is located behind the bulbus, with minimal trauma. For the trained surgeon the field of vision is favorable as compared with the external approach when the abscess is located right in the axis of vision and one has to cut through healthy tissue and the intact skin, which, especially in children, can lead to long‐lasting visible scars.
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Sprekelsen Manuel Bernal , Barberán Manuel Tomás 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEndoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy represents a new and promising approach to obstruction of lacrimal pathways. The surgical technique is described in detail. The results of 152 procedures were good or very good in 96% of cases, and no major complications occurred.
Expression of Growth Factors, Proto‐oncogenes, and p53 in Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas
Authors: Nagai M. A. , Butugan O. , Logullo A. , Brentani M. M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBiopsies from 25 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) and respective normal inferior turbinates were examined and compared. The expression patterns of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for various growth factors possibly involved in the growth of mesenchymal cells, as well as angiogenesis and fibrosis, were also compared. These growth factors included insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factors‐β1(TGF‐β1) and platelet‐derived growth factors (PDGF‐A and PDGF‐B). Quantification of mRNA coding for proto‐oncogenes and suppressor genes related to proliferation (i.e.,c‐myc,c‐fos,p53) was also undertaken.Tumor and turbinates expressed similar levels of bFGF, VEGF, TGF‐β1, c‐myc,c‐fos,and PDGF‐A mRNAs. The presence of TGF‐β1protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in several structures that characterize the lesions of JNA, which suggests that TGF‐β1may play a role in the development of the fibrous component of this tumor. PDGF‐B and p53 were overexpressed (i.e.,twice the mean level found in turbinates) in 50% and 32% of JNAs, respectively, but there was no statistical significance when compared with controls. Statistically significant increased expression of IGF‐II mRNA was observed in JNA (P=.04). IGF‐II mRNA levels were correlated to p53 (P=.05) and PDGF‐B (P=.034), indicating a possible synergistic action of such factors in JNA. The results of this study suggest that IGF‐II might be a potential growth regulator of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.
Guinea Pig Inner Ear Antigens
Authors: Cao M. Y. , Deggouj N. , Gersdorff M. , Tomasi J.‐P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this study, the authors attempted to develop a method of extracting guinea pig inner ear antigens for otoimmunological research, and to investigate the distribution of the antigens in the various structures of the inner ear. The antigens were extracted either from the entire or from various parts of the guinea pig inner ear. These antigens were separated on sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) gels. Western blot techniques were nsed to test sera from patients with inner ear disease against guinea pig inner ear protein extraets. It was found that the various molecular weight antigens in the inner ear were associated with the different structures of the inner ear. The sera of 37.5% N=80) of patients reacted with two bands (30 and 58 kd) of the guinea pig inner ear immunoblots. The 58‐kd band was not specific to the inner ear, but instead was also found in the immunoblots of other guinea pig tissues (brain, lung, and liver). This study suggests that the various antigens of interest could be further extracted and purified from the corresponding locations of the inner ear.
Speech and Swallowing Rehabilitation Following Devastating Caustic Ingestion: Techniques and Indicators for Success
Authors: Shikowitz Mark J. , Levy Joan , Villano Dorothy , Graver L. Michael , Pochaczevsky Rubem 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCaustic material ingestion, either accidental or intentional, may result in tissue and organ destruction leading to a wide range of complications, including loss of speech and the ability to eat. The esophagus can be reconstructed successfully, but reopening the larynx and upper airway poses a significant therapeutic dilemma. External reconstruction may put the neoesophagus at risk. Loss of the normal swallowing mechanism and the protective supraglottic structures often results in fatal aspiration.The authors present three cases of successful endoscopic laser recannulation of the larynx with esophageal replacement. The discussion includes surgical technique and the tools used to determine the success of the reconstruction, including computed tomographic scanning, modified barium swallow, placement of an upper esophageal anastomosis, psychologic support, and speech and swallowing therapy.
Intratemporal Facial Nerve Perineurioma
Authors: Li Daqing , Schauble Barbara , Moll Carl , Fisch Ugo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractForty‐two cases of perineurioma have been reported in the literature. This report adds the first intratemporal facial nerve perineurioma to the literature and reviews the others. Unlike schwannoma and neurofibroma, the histological features of perineurioma demonstrate onion bulb‐like structures with a strong positive immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen. The clinical history of gradual facial nerve paresis was 15 years in this case presentation and the clinical diagnosis of tumor was overlooked.
Structural Characterization of Persistent Tympanic Membrane Perforations in Man
Authors: Spandow Odd , Hellström Sten , Dahlström Michael 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn the present structural study the authors investigated the border of permanent tympanic membrane (TM) perforations in patients selected for myringoplasty. Furthermore, a panel of monoclonal antibody markers that recognize different epitopes within glycosaminoglycans as well as antibodies to epidermal growth factor and fibronectin were applied to the sections. In half of the specimens the epithelial junction ended at the inside of the perforation border, whereas in the other half it was located at the perforation border itself. In the junctional area the keratinocytes were covered by a thick keratin layer which protruded as a spur centripetally in order to bridge the perforation. Epidermal cells formed papillae and contained remnants of keratinocyte nuclei that showed similarities to those of the skin in inflammatory conditions. The connective tissue layer was fibrous and showed areas containing sclerotic plaques. The inner epithelium of the TM had abundant ciliae, thus supporting the concept that cells of the mucosal lining of the TM are able to differentiate in inflammatory conditions into ciliated cells and secretory cells. The immunoreactivity of hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans, the immunoreactivity of epidermal growth factor, and the immunoreactivity of fibronectin, all of which are known to occur in healing wounds, were only scantily demonstrated; this could be one reason for the arrested healing and a reason why the natural drive to complete a mature closure is abandoned.
The Stylomastoid Area: Anatomic‐Histologic Study and Surgical Approach
Authors: Holt James J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis three‐part study explored the difficult problem of dissecting the facial nerve through the soft tissues of the mastoid tip. The anatomic relationships of the mastoid tip tissues were measured in 20 specimens. At the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve lies an average of 9 mm from the digastric muscle, 11 mm from the external canal, and 21 mm from the nerve's parotid bifurcation. The histologic relationships between the nerve sheath and the mastoid tip fascial tissues were examined in 10 specimens. The tight adherence of sheath and fascial fibers prevent their easy separation. By applying this new anatomic and histologic knowledge on cadaver specimens, the author refined a technique for the safe dissection of the facial nerve through mastoid tip tissues. This technique has proven successful in the operating room.
Ototoxicity Resulting From Combined Administration of Cisplatin and Gentamicin
Authors: Riggs Landon C. , Brummett Robert E. , Guitjens Sydney K. , Matz Gregory J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe hypothesis that cisplatin can augment the ototoxicity of gentamicin was tested. Seven groups of 11 guinea pigs each were given a single dose of cisplatin either alone or 14 days before, at the beginning, midway through, or at the end of a course of gentamicin administered daily for 14 days. Blood and perilymph gentamicin and cisplatin concentrations were determined in three of the animals from each group. Auditory damage was determined in the remaining 8 animals electrophysiologically by measuring the compound action potential and alternating‐current cochlear potential. Hair cell damage was determined using the surface preparation technique. An augmented ototoxic effect occurred when the cisplatin was given early in the 14‐day course of gentamicin and did not occur when it was given at the end of treatment.
Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients Presenting for Laser‐Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty
Authors: Vaidya Abhay M. , Petruzzelli Guy J. , Walker Regina Paloyan , McGee Daniel , Gopalsami Chellam 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe authors report on a series of 850 patients with snoring who were evaluated for laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP). Stepwise multivariate linear regression was employed to correlate patient symptoms and characteristics to the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Body mass index, falling asleep while driving, snoring every night, and stopping breathing during sleep were found to correlate strongly with an increasing RDI (variance of 25%). Logistic multivariate linear regression analysis was used to predict the outcome of apnea (RDI>10). This model selected all of the above variables, as well as age, male sex, and the total number of symptoms, as being strong predictors of apnea. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to describe the ability of this model to predict apnea.The authors conclude that otolaryngologists play an important role in the evaluation of OSAS, especially when a snoring patient may undergo LAUP, and they present an algorithm for the evaluation of such a patient. The authors believe that the clinical assesment, including a thorough history and a complete physical examination, remains extremely important in this evaluation. At present, the authors strongly recommend referral for a PSG if there is any suspicion of OSAS.
Hypericin: A New Laser Phototargeting Agent for Human Cancer Cells
Authors: VanderWerf Quinten M. , Saxton Romaine E. , Chang Andrew , Horton Dennis , Paiva Marcos B. , Anderson Jamey , Foote Christopher , Soudant Jacques , Mathey Annick , Castro Dan J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLaser activation of anthracycline‐related drugs combines chemotherapy with photoablation for improved treatment. Hypericin, a structurally related anthraquinone, was tested for laser activation and cytotoxicity in human cancer cells. Viability of P3 squamous cell carcinoma cells incubated with 1 to 20μg/mL hypericin was reduced by more than 95% after 1 minute exposure at 4°C to an argon laser (514 nm, 5 W), a KTP‐532 laser (532 nm, 5 W), or a 20‐A xenon lamp. Viability was reduced over 90% in six human carcinoma, sarcoma, and melanoma cell lines by this combined treatment, but only trace toxicity was seen after separate exposure to hypericin or light alone. These results show that hypericin is a sensitive agent for phototherapy of human cancer cells in vitro and indicate that this drug may be useful for tumor targeting via minimally invasive imaging‐guided laser fiberoptics.
Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy After Failed Laryngeal Radiation Therapy
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Weinstein Gregory , Naudo Philippe , Cauchois Régis , Laccourreye Henri , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTwelve patients managed with supracricoid partial laryngectomies(SCPLs) after failed laryngeal radiation therapy (RT) were evaluated. None of the recurrent tumors were amenable to vertical or horizontal partial laryngectomy. Results were analyzed for tracheostomy decannulation, oral alimentation, morbidity, local control, and survival. Major complications included perichondritis (2 patients), laryngeal stenosis (2 patients), and pneumonia from aspiration (1 patient). Mucocutaneous fistula and cricoarytenoid joint ankylosis were not encountered. Margins of resection were uninvolved in all cases. The Kaplan‐Meier 3‐year actuarial survival and local control estimate was 83.3%. Salvage total laryngectomy allowed for an overall 100% local control rate and a 75% laryngeal preservation rate.This preliminary report suggests that, in patients with failed laryngeal RT not amenable to vertical or horizontal partial laryngectomy, the SCPL procedures should be discussed before advocating salvage total laryngectomy. Further series analyzing the role and limitations of the various SCPL procedures after failed laryngeal RT are warranted.
Management of Carcinoma of the Supraglottic Larynx: Evolution, Current Concepts, and Future Trends
Authors: Myers Eugene N. , Alvi Aijaz 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe treatment of cancer of the supraglottic larynx has undergone an evolution. Better understanding of the anatomy and biology of cancer in this anatomic site has enabled surgeons to devise effective oncologic strategies while making every effort to preserve the function of the larynx. Certain recent concepts and changing trends have emerged in the treatment of cancer of the supraglottic larynx, including the treatment of the neck, significance of extracapsular spread of tumor in cervical lymph nodes, and conservation laser surgery. In 1985, Snyderman et al.1 reported the prognostic significance of extracapsular spread in patients with cancer of the supraglottic larynx. In 1990, Lutz et al.2 reported the results of our experience with the treatment of 202 patients. The review verified the significant risk of bilateral neck disease in these patients, even with adjuvant radiation therapy. Accordingly, since 1990 all patients having cancer of the supraglottic larynx have been treated in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Pittsburgh with bilateral neck dissections. The use of adjuvant radiation therapy has been based on the presence of extracapsular spread. This study documents the oncologic effectiveness of this treatment and confirms the efficacy of bilateral neck dissections in an attempt to control neck disease and the prognostic significance of extracapsular spread. We review the evolution of the treatment of cancer of the supraglottic larynx, present our results, and consider innovative surgical approaches.Laryngoscope, 106:559‐567, 1996
Longitudinal Evaluation of Vocal Function After Thyroplasty Type I in the Treatment of Unilateral Vocal Paralysis
Authors: Lu Fang‐Ling , Casiano Roy R. , Lundy Donna S. , Xue Jun‐Wu 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis study investigated longitudinal changes of vocal efficiency and stability after primary thyroplasty type I. Fifty‐three patients with unilateral vocal‐fold paralysis underwent vocal‐function evaluation preoperatively and at periodic intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Vocal‐function assessment included videostrobolaryngoscopic examination, acoustical and aerodynamic analysis, and perceptual judgment of voice characteristics. Parameters that included glottic‐gap size, maximum phonation time, glottic‐flow rate, jitter, harmonic/noise ratio, breathiness, hoarseness, loudness, and phrasing showed significant improvement after thyroplasty and remained stable as early as 1 month postoperatively, with only slight fluctuations over a 6‐month period. Postoperative voice outcome was not affected by age, sex, duration of vocal symptoms, cause of paralysis, or preoperative pulmonary function.Laryngoscope, 106:573‐577, 1996
Development of the Facial Recess: Implications for Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Eby Thomas L. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMore attention is being focused on the growth and development of the facial recess because of the use of cochlear implantation in children over 2 years of age and the prospect of using implants in even younger children. The facial recess and the extended facial recess were measured in 123 temporal bones from 73 individuals ranging in age from 8 weeks in utero to 7 years after birth. The goals were to trace the development of the facial recess and to determine whether this area continues to grow into childhood.The facial recess enlarges throughout fetal life with the development of the facial canal and the tympanic annulus. Reichert's cartilage, seen early in utero in the facial recess, gradually resorbs but may persist in the newborn. In full‐term infants, the facial recess reaches 3.25 mm at the oval window and 2.62 mm at the round window. The extended facial recess reaches 3.79 mm at the oval window and 3.04 mm at the round window. No statistically significant growth of the facial recess after birth could be demonstrated in this study. The data suggest that the facial recess is probably adult sized at birth and should allow surgical access for cochlear implantation in very young children.Laryngoscope, 106 (Suppl. 80):1‐7, 1996
Prevalence and Assessment of Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction in Different Age Groups
Authors: Nordin Steven , Murphy Claire , Davidson Terence M. , Quiñonez Carlo , Jalowayski Alfredo A. , Ellison Dennard W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia among 363 chemosensory and nasal/sinus patients was studied, as was the accuracy with which our clinical questionnaire could assess these dysfunctions. We then investigated whether patients with parosmia or phantosmia, matched for odor intensity, perform poorer on odor identification than do patients with no dysosmia. More than 40% of the study group evidenced either parosmia (18.7%) and/or phantosmia (25.6%), a finding that suggests that more attention should be paid by the medical practitioner in addressing qualitative olfactory dysfunction. Furthermore, it appears that assessment of these dysfunctions may aid in differential diagnosis, and that questionnaires can be used with reasonable validity irrespective of the patient's age. Finally, the results imply that parosmia may be reflected in a discrepancy between odor identification and detection.
Characteristics of an In Vivo Canine Model of Phonation With a Constant Air Pressure Source
Authors: Nasri Sina , Namazie Ali , Ye Ming , Kreiman Jody , Gerratt Bruce R. , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMany previous studies of laryngeal biomechanics using in vivo models have employed a constant air flow source. Several authors have recently suggested that the lung‐thorax system functions as a constant pressure source during phonation. This study describes an in vivo canine system designed to maintain a constant peak subglottic pressure (Psub) using a pressure‐controlling mechanism.Increasing levels of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation resulted in a significant rise in resistance followed by a plateau. For a given Psub, flow decreased significantly and precipitously with increasing stimulation and then quickly plateaued. Vocal intensity increased with increasing RLN stimulation until a peak was reached. After this peak, intensity dropped until a plateau was reached, corresponding to the flow minimum. At a given Psub, increasing levels of RLN stimulation resulted in a normal distribution of vocal efficiencies.
Orbicularis Oris Muscle Injury in Brass Players
Authors: Papsin Blake C. , Maaske Laura A. , McGrail J. Simon 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe embouchure of the brass player is critical to tone production and largely depends on the integrity of the orbicularis oris muscle. Injury to this muscle can cripple the professional musician by causing fatigue, pain, and tonal deterioration. Ten brass players presented with muscular defects in the orbicularis oris muscle. Examination identified areas of abnormality within the muscle and electromyography (EMG) ruled out a neurologic deficit. All patients underwent exploration under neuroleptic anesthesia, and 9 patients underwent repair. The technique is described. The repaired patients reported improvement after the operation and all resumed playing at their premorbid level. The 10th patient was found to have thinning of the entire orbicularis oris muscle (presumably congenital) and was not able to be repaired. There were no complications of the procedure and no recurrences.