bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sponge Inspired Flexible, Antibacterial Aerogel Electrode with Long‐Term High‐Quality Electrophysiological Signal Recording for Human‐Machine Interface
Authors: Wang Junjie , Zhou Qian , Wang An , Zhu Zhijun , Moses Kumi , Wang Tengjiao , Li Peng , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible bioelectronics have a large range of applications in the field of human health monitoring and human‐machine interfaces. Among various bioelectronics, flexible electrodes have been widely studied. However, it is still lack of investigation in the development of electrodes with high signal quality and long service life. Here, a sponge inspired flexible electrode based on cellulose aerogel is developed via thermally induced phase separation. Due to its flexibility, the electrode can easily conform to skin and achieve a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) than the commercial rigid electrode. At the same time, the aerogel electrode with a sponge‐like structure can absorb solutions several times their own weight (≈800%). In addition, the dope of polypyrrole coated silver nanowires (AgNWs@PPy) improves its intrinsic bactericidal activity (antibacterial rate above 97.8%) and the cellulose‐based material itself offers good skin compatibility. Therefore, all these features contribute to a longer service life, while has been proven in electrophysiological signals recording. The SNR of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals recorded by aerogel electrode in 24 h is ≈15% higher than that of commercial electrode. Apart from that, when the commercial electrode is unavailable for eye‐open (EO) and eye‐closed (EC) paradigm in 12 h, the aerogel electrode can still record clear electroencephalogram (EEG) features.
A Sweat Absorbing Skin Electrode for Electrophysiology During Exercise
Authors: Shi Xiaohu , Song Dekui , Hu Wenya , Li Chuqi , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Shiyu , Hu Qianhuiwen , Wang Yifang , Wang Xin , Zhang Yingying , Peng Banghua , Wang Zijun , Liu Nan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrophysiological signals are commonly used to assess health performance, providing valuable information on body status. However, stable signal acquisition by commercial Ag/AgCl gel or metal electrodes is susceptible to electrode/skin interface interferences due to perspiration and motion during exercise. To address this challenge, herein a sweat absorbing skin electrode (SAE) is designed, which can not only become softer and more adhesive but also enhance conductivity after sweat during exercise. The resulting stable interface between SAE/skin after sweat enables accurate and continuous electrophysiological measurement during exercise. SAE is demonstrated by assembly of MXene (Ti3C2TX) aerogel and zwitterionic polymer, where Ti3C2TX aerogel works as conductive skeleton and zwitterionic polymer endows skin conformability as well as expediting interfacial charge transfer by the inherent ions. SAE can monitor a variety of electrophysiological signals during exercise. As an example, electromyogram (EMG) signals are acquired to assess muscle fatigue, which is impossible by commercial gel electrodes. Via machine learning, the correlation between EMG and physiological markers (body fat percentage (BF) and body mass index (BMI)) are constructed. The research shows that sweat‐absorbing SAEs can reliably monitor electrophysiological signals during exercise, such as muscle status, leading to evidence‐based scientific guidelines for sports and rehabilitation training.
A Point‐of‐Care Sensing Platform for Multiplexed Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Li Yixuan , Luo Liuxiong , Kong Yingqi , George Sophiamma , Li Yujia , Guo Xiaotong , Li Xin , Yeatman Eric , Davenport Andrew , Li Ying , Li Bing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most serious non‐communicable diseases affecting the population. In the early‐stages patients have no obvious symptoms, until it becomes life‐threatening leading end‐stage kidney failure. Therefore, it is important to early diagnose CKD to allow therapeutic interventions and progression monitoring. Here, a point‐of‐care (POC) sensing platform is reported for the simultaneous detection of three CKD biomarkers, namely creatinine, urea, and human serum albumin (HSA), using reduced graphene oxide/polydopamine‐molecularly imprinted polymer (rGO/PDA‐MIP) fabricated with novel surface‐molecularly imprinting technology. A multi‐channel electrochemical POC readout system with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) function is developed, allowing the simultaneous detection of the three biomarkers, in combination with the surface‐MIP electrodes. This sensing platform achieves the record low limit‐of‐detection (LoD) at a femtomolar level for all three analytes, with wide detection ranges covering their physiological concentrations. Clinical validation is performed by measuring these analytes in serum and urine from healthy controls and patients with CKD. The average recovery rate is 81.8–119.1% compared to the results obtained from the hospital, while this platform is more cost‐effective, user‐friendly, and requires less sample‐to‐result time, showing the potential to be deployed in resource‐limited settings for the early diagnosis and tracking progression of CKD.
Platelet Vesicles Synergetic with Biosynthetic Cellulose Aerogels for Ultra‐Fast Hemostasis and Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Ying , Guo Yicheng , Liu Yuqing , Zhao Xiaohong , Huang Yong , Zhang Xiaorong , Hu Xiaohong , Mequanint Kibret , Luo Gaoxing , Xing Malcolm 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAchieving hemostasis in penetrating and irregular wounds is challenging because the hemostasis factor cannot arrive at the bleeding site, and substantial bleeding will wash away the blood clot. Since the inherently gradual nature of blood clot formation takes time, a physical barrier is needed before blood clot formation. Herein, an ultra‐light and shape memory hemostatic aerogel consisting of oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) and platelet extracellular vesicles (pVEs) is reported. The OBC‐pVEs aerogel provides a physical barrier for the bleeding site by self‐expansion, absorbing the liquid from blood to concentrate platelets and clotting factors and accelerating the clot formation by activating platelets and transforming fibrinogen into fibrin. In the rat liver and tail injury models, the blood loss decreases by 73% and 59%, and the bleeding times are reduced by 55% and 62%, respectively. OBC‐pVEs aerogel has also been shown to accelerate wound healing. In conclusion, this work introduces an effective tool for treating deep, non‐compressible, and irregular wounds and offers valuable strategies for trauma bleeding and wound treatment.
Toward a Brain–Neuromorphics Interface
Authors: Wan Changjin , Pei Mengjiao , Shi Kailu , Cui Hangyuan , Long Haotian , Qiao Lesheng , Xing Qianye , Wan Qing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBrain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that enable human–machine interaction have immense potential in restoring or augmenting human capabilities. Traditional BCIs are realized based on complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technologies with complex, bulky, and low biocompatible circuits, and suffer with the low energy efficiency of the von Neumann architecture. The brain–neuromorphics interface (BNI) would offer a promising solution to advance the BCI technologies and shape the interactions with machineries. Neuromorphic devices and systems are able to provide substantial computation power with extremely high energy‐efficiency by implementing in‐materia computing such as in situ vector–matrix multiplication (VMM) and physical reservoir computing. Recent progresses on integrating neuromorphic components with sensing and/or actuating modules, give birth to the neuromorphic afferent nerve, efferent nerve, sensorimotor loop, and so on, which has advanced the technologies for future neurorobotics by achieving sophisticated sensorimotor capabilities as the biological system. With the development on the compact artificial spiking neuron and bioelectronic interfaces, the seamless communication between a BNI and a bioentity is reasonably expectable. In this review, the upcoming BNIs are profiled by introducing the brief history of neuromorphics, reviewing the recent progresses on related areas, and discussing the future advances and challenges that lie ahead.
Autonomous Output‐Oriented Aerosol Jet Printing Enabled by Hybrid Machine Learning
Authors: Du Yipu , Jiang Meng , Zhang Yanliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly revolutionizing modern manufacturing with recent progress in advanced printing methods and improved properties of printed materials. However, traditional AM methods are limited by their input‐oriented nature, which demands tedious trial‐and‐error tuning of printing parameters to achieve desired output properties. Here, an output‐oriented artificial intelligence‐integrated AM (AIAM) method is reported that enables an user to specify desired output properties while the printer autonomously discovers the optimal input printing parameters by integrating hybrid machine learning models and in situ measurements. Based on a predictive mapping between the input printing parameters and the output properties of interests established with <20 experiments designed by active learning, inverse design tasks are performed to intelligently generate the printing parameter settings that lead to desired outcomes using reinforcement learning. This method is demonstrated by autonomous aerosol jet printing (AJP) of conductive polymer films and achieving user‐defined electrical resistances with an ultralow error of 3.7%. The AIAM method, with its output‐oriented nature, holds the potential to significantly improve the autonomy, predictability, efficiency, and accessibility of the AM processes, which will unlock new possibilities in the autonomous and intelligent printing of a broad range of functional materials and devices.
Full‐Range On‐Body Strain Sensor of Laser‐Induced Graphene Embedded in Thermoplastic Elastomer via Hot Pressing Transfer for Monitoring of the Physiological Signals
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Wu Dun , Liu Chunlin , Wang Qiang , Wang Haoyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcquiring physical and mechanical strain information of the human body with wearable strain sensors can provide essential data from personal healthcare to human‐machine interfaces and others. Recent research reveals that CO2 laser scribing can convert polyimide films into porous graphene sponges under ambient atmospheres. However, the electrically conductive laser‐induced graphene (LIG) film mismatches with the tough and rigid plastic substrates when it is employed as stretchable strain sensors. In this work, by leveraging the advantageous properties of atoms‐level configured defects within crystalline LIG and heat transfer printing techniques, a flexible LIG‐SEBS (styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene) strain sensor is made. It is able to achieve exceptional electromechanical properties including a remarkable sensitivity in terms of gauge factor (413–3118), minimal hysteresis, and a broad strain range (>100% strain). Meanwhile, the SEBS‐LIG strain sensor has a stable and fast dynamic response and good repeatability. Additionally, the sensor can be integrated with a wireless communication module for remote monitoring of physiological signals in a real‐time manner with a smartphone App.
Plasmonic Enhancement of Second Harmonic Generation in Weyl Semimetal TaAs
Authors: Yang Morris M. , Ozlu Mustafa Goksu , Peana Samuel , Sychev Demid , Mkhitaryan Vahagn , Xu Xiaohui , Martin Zachariah O. , Arachchige Hasitha Suriya , Lagoutchev Alexei , Mandrus David , Shalaev Vladimir M. , Boltasseva Alexandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work a hybrid nanoplasmonic‐Weyl Semimetal (WSM) structure is realized for the first time utilizing silver nanopatch antennas and WSM Tantalum Arsenide (TaAs). The studied hybrid WSM‐nanoplasmonic structure demonstrated a substantial, over x4.5 enhancement of the second harmonic generation (SHG) process compared to a bare TaAs film. To realize the hybrid structure while preserving TaAs properties, a scalable, non‐destructive manufacturing approach is developed that involves the fabrication of TaAs flakes from single crystalline TaAs, overgrowth of a silicon nitride overlayer, and drop‐casting of silver nanopatch antennas. The strong polarization response of both the bare flakes, along with the hybrid‐nanoplasmonic cavities demonstrates that this approach uniquely preserves the TaAs crystal structure and its optical response while providing significant enhancement of the nonlinear properties. The developed method allows leveraging the capabilities of plasmonics to control and enhance light‐matter interactions at the nanometer scale to access and engineer WSM response. This work is the first step towards high‐performance nanophotonic devices utilizing WSM topological properties.
Targeting GRP75 with a Chlorpromazine Derivative Inhibits Endometrial Cancer Progression Through GRP75–IP3R‐Ca2+‐AMPK Axis
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Lijuan , Gao Xiaoyan , Zhang Chunxue , Xu Chen , Song Lingyi , Li Jian , Sun Xiao , Mao Fei , Wang Yudong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTumors often overexpress glucose‐regulated proteins, and agents that interfere with the production or activity of these proteins may represent novel cancer treatments. The chlorpromazine derivative JX57 exhibits promising effects against endometrial cancer with minimal extrapyramidal side effects; however, its mechanisms of action are currently unknown. Here, glucose‐regulated protein 75 kD (GRP75) is identified as a direct target of JX57 using activity‐based protein profiling and loss‐of‐function experiments. The findings show that GRP75 is necessary for the biological activity of JX57, as JX57 exhibits moderate anticancer properties in GRP75‐deficient cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. High GRP75 expression is correlated with poor differentiation and poor survival in patients with endometrial cancer, whereas the knockdown of GRP75 can significantly suppress tumor growth. Mechanistically, the direct binding of JX57 to GRP75 impairs the structure of the mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane and disrupts the endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, resulting in a mitochondrial energy crisis and AMP‐activated protein kinase activation. Taken together, these findings highlight GRP75 as a potential prognostic biomarker and direct therapeutic target in endometrial cancer and suggest that the chlorpromazine derivative JX57 can potentially be a new therapeutic option for endometrial cancer.
Unveiling the Role of Ge in CZTSSe Solar Cells by Advanced Micro‐To‐Atom Scale Characterizations
Authors: Cong Jialin , He Mingrui , Jang Jun Sung , Huang Jialiang , Privat Karen , Chen Yi‐Sheng , Li Jianjun , Yang Limei , Green Martin A. , Kim Jin Hyeok , Cairney Julie M. , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKesterite is an earth‐abundant energy material with high predicted power conversion efficiency, making it a sustainable and promising option for photovoltaics. However, a large open circuit voltage Voc deficit due to non‐radiative recombination at intrinsic defects remains a major hurdle, limiting device performance. Incorporating Ge into the kesterite structure emerges as an effective approach for enhancing performance by manipulating defects and morphology. Herein, how different amounts of Ge affect the kesterite growth pathways through the combination of advanced microscopy characterization techniques are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate the significance of incorporating Ge during the selenization process of the CZTSSe thin film. At high temperature, the Ge incorporation effectively delays the selenization process due to the formation of a ZnSe layer on top of the metal alloys through decomposition of the Cu‐Zn alloy and formation of Cu‐Sn alloy, subsequently forming of Cu‐Sn‐Se phase. Such an effect is compounded by more Ge incorporation that further postpones kesterite formation. Furthermore, introducing Ge mitigates detrimental “horizontal” grain boundaries by increasing the grain size on upper layer. The Ge incorporation strategy discussed in this study holds great promise for improving device performance and grain quality in CZTSSe and other polycrystalline chalcogenide solar cells.
Recent Approaches for Cleaving the C─C Bond During Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liang Chenjia , Zhao Ruiyao , Chen Teng , Luo Yi , Hu Jianqiang , Qi Ping , Ding Weiping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirect ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) play an indispensable role in the cyclic utilization of carbon resources due to its high volumetric energy density, high efficiency, and environmental benign character. However, owing to the chemically stable carbon‐carbon (C─C) bond of ethanol, its incomplete electrooxidation at the anode severely inhibits the energy and power density output of DEFCs. The efficiency of C─C bond cleaving on the state‐of‐the‐art Pt or Pd catalysts is reported as low as 7.5%. Recently, tremendous efforts are devoted to this field, and some effective strategies are put forward to facilitate the cleavage of the C─C bond. It is the right time to summarize the major breakthroughs in ethanol electrooxidation reaction. In this review, some optimization strategies including constructing core–shell nanostructure with alloying effect, doping other metal atoms in Pt and Pd catalysts, engineering composite catalyst with interface synergism, introducing cascade catalytic sites, and so on, are systematically summarized. In addition, the catalytic mechanism as well as the correlations between the catalyst structure and catalytic efficiency are further discussed. Finally, the prevailing limitations and feasible improvement directions for ethanol electrooxidation are proposed.
Large‐Area Processable Ultrathin Organic Transistors with High Mobility and Mechanical Stabilities
Authors: Mun Tae Jin , Kim Jungjun , Seong Junyoung , Jang Yerim , Lee Wonryung , Seong Hyejeong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor applications involving the implantation of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) in flexible environments, maintaining uniform device performance and ultrathin profiles with excellent mechanical stability is crucial for dynamic deformable conditions. This study presents high‐performance, mechanically flexible ultrathin OTFTs with a thickness under 5 µm, designed to be scalable for utilization in large areas. The OTFTs utilized an organosilicon polymer dielectric layer synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition combined with the crystalline organic semiconductor 2‐Decyl‐7‐phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (Ph‐BTBT‐10). Compared with conventional organic transistors, the OTFTs exhibited exceptional features, such as a charge carrier mobility of up to 7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a near‐zero threshold voltage. Their performance is showcased across 900 devices on a 10 cm × 10 cm substrate to ensure uniformity and scalability. Additionally, the OTFTs demonstrate remarkable resilience to mechanical deformation, with a 97.4% mobility retention rate under a 20% tensile compression. After 1000 cycles of repeated deformation stress, they maintain a robust 94.6% performance level compared with the initial state. In summary, the ultrathin flexible OTFTs exhibit exceptional resilience to mechanical deformation, extended air exposure, uniformity in large arrays, and high mobility. This makes them promising for diverse applications, such as in vivo organ monitoring and skin displays.
Tertiary‐Amine Based Network Polymer Electrolyte for Improving the Cyclic Stability of Na Metal Batteries with Large Capacity
Authors: Zhang Qi , Bian Tengfei , Liu Zewen , Wang Chenming , Song Xiaosheng , Shi Ruijuan , Zhao Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolymer‐based sodium metal battery (SMB) has a great development prospect due to its low cost, good safety, and high theoretical energy density. However, sodium (Na) metal electrode suffers low cyclic stability due to the naturally‐formed unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Herein, 3D network polymer, poly‐bis(3‐(2‐methylaziridin‐1‐yl) propanoate (PBMP) is synthesized, for mechanically robust gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), in which the tertiary‐amine functional group with low‐valence N prefers to react with Na metal to produce a thin and ion‐conducive SEI, realizing Na+ fast and uniform plating/stripping. The assembled Na/GPE/Na3V2(PO4)3 full battery shows an ultrahigh capacity retention of 97.8% after 2000 cycles under 2 mA cm−2, which is the top‐level of GPE‐SMB. This work provides a new strategy to construct advanced SEI by regulating functional groups of network polymer for GPE‐SMBs with high safety.
Direct Machine Learning Predictions of C3 Pathways
Authors: Sun Mingzi , Huang Bolong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe C3 pathways of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) lead to the generation of high‐value‐added chemicals for broad industrial applications, which are still challenging for current electrocatalysis. Only limited electrocatalysts have been reported with the ability to achieve C3 products while the corresponding reaction mechanisms are highly unclear. To overcome such challenges, the first‐principle machine learning (FPML) technique on graphdiyne‐based atomic catalysts (GDY‐ACs) is introduced to directly predict the reaction trends for the key C─C─C coupling processes and the conversions to different C3 products for the first time. All the prediction results are obtained only based on the learning dataset constructed by density functional theory (DFT) calculation results for C1 and C2 pathways, offering an efficient approach to screen promising electrocatalyst candidates for varied C3 products. More importantly, the ML predictions not only reveal the significant role of the neighboring effect and the small–large integrated cycle mechanisms but also supply important insights into the C─C─C coupling processes for understanding the competitive reactions among C1 to C3 pathways. This work has offered an advanced breakthrough for the complicated CO2RR processes, accelerating the future design of novel ACs for C3 products with high efficiency and selectivity.
Mapping the path to a net‐zero chemicals industry by long‐term planning with changes in technologies and climate
Authors: Thakker Vyom , Bakshi Bhavik R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe chemical industry, along with many other industries, has pledged to reach net‐zero emissions within the next few decades for greenhouse gases, plastics, etc. This requires systematic methods to guide investment in technologies and value‐chain alternatives, and develop roadmaps. The proposed framework is a multiperiod planning model to guide optimal reforms in cradle‐to‐cradle life‐cycle networks across the pledged time horizon. It aims to meet environmental targets while minimizing the total annualized cost of natural resources and the investment cost associated with adoption of novel technologies. This considers the evolution of technology readiness levels as S‐curves or continuous time Markov‐chains. Integrated Assessment models account for climate change, decarbonization due to energy mix changes, and carbon taxes. Multiple climate change scenarios and shared socioeconomic pathways are used to model future scenarios. In addition to providing roadmaps, the outputs can also be used to identify technologies that will be robust to future scenarios.
A Chiral Triazole Ligand for Enantiodivergent Catalysis in Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acid
Authors: Ju Dongyuan , Liang Chen , Zhang Chaoyue , Li Peishen , Song Zhiguang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHere, we reported a new type of chiral triazole‐oxazoline ligands for enantiodivergent catalysis. These ligands feature subtle modifications to the 1,2,3‐triazole skeleton and were systematically explored in the context of palladium‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition reactions of arylboronic acid to cyclic β‐substituted enones. The introduction of specific substituents on the triazole ligand led to switchable enantioselectivity, accompanied by consistently high yields.