bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of microglial inflammatory response by sodium butyrate and short‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Huuskonen Jari , Suuronen Tiina , Nuutinen Tapio , Kyrylenko Sergiy , Salminen Antero 
Published: March 2004

Recent studies have shown that sodium butyrate and other short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can prevent inflammation in colon diseases. Our aim was to elucidate whether sodium butyrate and SCFAs regulate the inflammatory responses in different neural inflammation models in cell cultures.
Inflammatory responses to LPS‐induced microglial activation were recorded by the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α and related to the changes in the DNA‐binding activities of NF‐κB complex.
We observed that sodium butyrate is strongly anti‐inflammatory against LPS‐induced responses in rat primary microglia as well as in hippocampal slice cultures and in neural cocultures of microglial cells, astrocytes and cerebellar granule neurons.
In murine N9 microglial cell line, instead, sodium butyrate and other SCFAs (propionate, valerate and caproate) enhanced the LPS‐induced inflammatory response.
The pretreatment with butyrate before LPS exposure induced an equal or more enhanced response than simultaneous exposure with butyrate and LPS. This indicates that butyrate induces an adaptative response against microglial activation.
We also observed that butyrate treatment both in transformed N9 cells and in hippocampal slice cultures downregulates the NF‐κB‐binding capacity induced by LPS stimulation.
Our results show that butyrate is anti‐inflammatory in primary, brain‐derived microglial cells, as observed recently in colon diseases, but proinflammatory in transformed, proliferating N9 microglial cells, which may be related to the anticancer properties of butyrate observed in tumor cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2004) 141, 874–880. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705682
Impact of stocking on yield in small reservoirs in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Sugunan V. V. , Katiha P. K. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractThe relationships between surface area, stocking density and fish yield in 40 small reservoirs in India between 1994 and 1999 were examined. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.6) was found between stocking density and fish yield. Area was negatively correlated with stocking density (r = −0.57) and fish yield (r = −0.62), but its correlation with efficiency of stocking was not significant for all the size groups of small reservoirs.
Treadmills: A Preventable Source of Pediatric Friction Burn Injuries
Authors: Maguiña Pirko , Palmieri Tina L. , Greenhalgh David G. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Treadmills are a burn risk for children. A child's hand can get trapped in the conveyor belt, causing friction burns to the underlying tissue. The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the characteristics and treatment of treadmill-related burns in children from 1998 to 2002. Ten patients, at a mean age of 3.4 years, sustained injuries associated with treadmill use. Trapping of the hand between the conveyor belt and the base was the most frequent injury mechanism. Burn location was predominantly on fingers and palms. Four patients required operative intervention. All patients required specialized wound care as well as scar management and occupational therapy. Treadmills pose a danger to children. Current safety devices are ineffective for preventing serious hand injuries in children. New design modifications and public awareness are needed to improve child safety.
The Burn Nursing Shortage: A Burn Center Survey
Authors: Yurko Lynne , Coffee Tammy , Yowler Charles J. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
The Membership Advisory Committee of the American Burn Association sponsored a survey of burn units in North America to review the issue of nursing staffing, to which 124 of 133 (93%) of the burn centers identified responded. Sixty-two percent had experienced a nursing shortage, and the 77 of 124 units with current vacancies had an average of 4.6 positions open. Licensed practical nurses, aides, and nonlicensed caregivers provide direct patient care in 83% of the units. Ten of 124 units had identified adverse patient outcomes because of staff shortages in their quality assurance programs. Areas identified by two surveys that require further development are nursing acuity systems applicable to burn units and burn nursing educational programs.
Vacuum-Assisted Closure Use in Calciphylaxis
Authors: Emohare Osa , Kowal-Vern Areta , Wiley Dorion , Latenser Barbara A. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Calciphylaxis-induced chronic wounds are difficult to heal. The value of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) was assessed in two patients with calciphylaxis. Two middle-aged females with type 2 diabetes were transferred to the burn unit with a clinical diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis, although the pathologic diagnosis was calciphylaxis. With extensive debridement, antibiotics, and meticulous wound care, one patient had progressive necrosis of her skin from 18 to 48% TBSA, whereas the other progressed from 5 to 10% TBSA only. The patient with the smaller chronic wound healed well and left the hospital at 72 days after admission. Although there was some success with the use of VAC, the patient with the extensive progressive wounds developed a fungal wound infection that did not respond to treatment; she died 78 days after initiation of burn center treatment. Some disadvantages to the usefulness would be extensive contiguous wounds and the lack of an intact skin surface. The VAC system was of value in healing wounds resulting from calciphylaxis.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Improves Oxidative Erythrocyte Damage in a Rat Model of Thermal Injury
Authors: Armutcu Ferah , Gürel Ahmet , Hoşnuter Mübin , Pabuçcu Orhan , Altınyazar Cevdet 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Oxygen-derived free radicals impair cell membrane functions and induce circulatory disturbances, and free radicals, such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite, have been suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of major burn injuries. The present study investigated the effects of thermal injury on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status and investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a new antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in rats subjected to thermal injury. Burn injury caused a remarkable increase in erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, levels of nitric oxide (NO), and activities of antioxidant enzymes and xanthine oxidase (XO). The treatment with CAPE decreased both activity of burn-induced XO activity and levels of NO in the erythrocytes. In conclusion, CAPE treatment resulted in decreased erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in thermal injury and helped to prevent oxidative damage by decreasing activity of XO and levels of NO.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome as a Complication of a Chemical Burn to the Foot
Authors: Kumbhat S. , Meyer N. , Schurr M. J. 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an unusual complication after burns; however, it is important to recognize so that appropriate treatment can be administered. A 60-year-old man suffered an alkali burn to the right foot. Subsequently, the patient developed CRPS with severe pain and vasomotor changes. Multimodal treatment included the early use of ropivacaine and fentanyl via epidural catheter. Oral extended-release morphine, gabapentin, and amitriptyline also were administered. Once pain was controlled, early aggressive physical therapy was instituted, and attention was turned toward wound coverage. One year after discharge, the patient was ambulating well and has returned to work. His pain was managed with a single morning dose of gabapentin and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Current examination of the foot revealed mild forefoot swelling without residual erythema. Ambiguities exist in the mainstay of treatment for CRPS, but this multimodal method of controlling CRPS after burn injury allowed for control of the patient's pain, early mobilization, and eventual return to work.
Love Burns: An Essay about Bride Burning in India
Authors: Jutla Rajni K. , Heimbach David 
Published: March 2004

Abstract
Each year in countries like India, thousands of young women are burned to death or afflicted with fatal burns. They are victims of dowry deaths. The husband and/or in-laws have determined that the dowry, a gift given from the daughter's parents to the husband, was inadequate and therefore attempt to murder the new bride to make the husband available to remarry or to punish the bride and her family. Unfortunately, this is a domestic issue that is often ignored or minimized, and the prosecution is often inadequate. This review article illustrates various scenarios of dowry deaths, investigates different predispositions, summarizes the current legislation, and proposes solutions to this problem. One hopes that the exposure of this problem may curtail its rampant, yet well-hidden, prevalence.
Twin–twin transfusion syndrome treated with serial amniocenteses
Authors: Johnsen Synnøve Lian , Albrechtsen Susanne , Pirhonen Jouko 
Published: March 2004

Background.  To evaluate the treatment and neonatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTS).Material and methods.  Twenty‐four women with TTS were identified in the period 1993–99 among 34 477 deliveries. We include a retrospective chart review of all twins with TTS.Results.  The overall incidence of TTS was 4.75% of all twin pregnancies. The mean gestational age at the time of diagnosing TTS was 23 weeks (range 17.6–38), and the mean gestational age at delivery was 34.6 weeks (range 23.1–38.3). Therapeutic amniocenteses was performed in 21 women. The total volume drained varied from 0.4 to 32.31 with a mean of 2.3 l. Overall perinatal mortality in TTS was 35.4%, as nine donor twins and eight recipient twins died. The main causes for mortality were intrauterine death and prematurity.Conclusion.  Twin–twin transfusion syndrome is a severe complication in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies, with high perinatal mortality and morbidity even though amnioreduction prolonged the pregnancies leading to better neonatal outcome.
Higher activity by opaque endometriotic lesions than nonopaque lesions
Authors: Khan Khaleque Newaz , Masuzaki Hideaki , Fujishita Akira , Kitajima Michio , Sekine Ichiro , Ishimaru Tadayuki 
Published: March 2004

Background.  Higher activity by early endometriosis than advanced endometriosis has been reported. However, the pattern of activity in individual colored endometriotic lesions in pelvic cavity is unknown. We investigated the variation in activity of the different colored morphologic lesions as proposed by the current revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification in women with endometriosis.Methods.  Peritoneal fluid (PF) and biopsies were collected during laparoscopy from 45 infertile women with pelvic endometriosis and 15 women without endometriosis. PF concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunohistochemical staining of HGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in opaque and nonopaque endometriotic lesions was examined using respective antibodies, and a computer‐analyzed modified quantitative‐histogram score (Q‐H score) was used to quantify the immunoreaction.Results.  Opaque red lesions were defined as nontransparent lesions, including polypoid excrescence, blood bleb or ecchymosis, and nonopaque lesions were defined as translucent or transparent lesions, including vesicular bleb or clear papule. The women with endometriosis containing dominant opaque red lesions showed significantly higher PF concentrations of HGF, VEGF, IL‐6 or MCP‐1 than those with either nonopaque lesions or black lesions or control women. There was no difference in any of these cytokine or chemokine levels between women harboring nonopaque lesions and black lesions. Interestingly, PF concentrations of all these markers were significantly reduced in women containing true black lesions and true white lesions after excluding the presence of coexisting red spot from dominant black or white lesions. In a parallel fashion, the immunoexpressions of HGF and PCNA in intact tissue as shown by the Q‐H score were significantly stronger in the opaque red lesions than in the nonopaque lesions or black lesions.Conclusions.  Opaque red lesions display a higher activity than with nonopaque red lesions in both PF and intact tissue. This indicates different histogenesis in their generation in the pelvic cavity.
Markedly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum and peritoneal washing during arrested labor
Authors: Abramov Yoram , Ezra Yossef , Elchalal Uriel , Ben‐Shachar Inbar , Fasouliotis Sozos J. , Barak Vivian 
Published: March 2004

Background.  The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of arrested labor is currently unknown. We measured levels of inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum and peritoneal washings in arrested first stage of labor to assess the possible involvement of these mediators in this obstetric disorder.Methods.  This was a prospective, case–control study involving 15 women who underwent cesarean section for arrested cervical dilatation (group I), 15 controls who were operated during active labor for nonreassuring fetal heart‐rate tracing (group II) and 15 controls who were operated electively (group III). Blood samples were drawn from all women shortly before the operation. The presence of peritoneal fluid was assessed and peritoneal washings were obtained during the operation. All samples were assayed for the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) by solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results.  All women from group I and one patient (6.7%) from group II had some degree of peritoneal fluid accumulation, while none from group III had any. Serum samples from group I contained significantly higher IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and IL‐2R levels than both control groups. Peritoneal washings from group I contained significantly higher IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 but similar IL‐2R levels.Conclusions.  Arrested first stage of labor is associated with peritoneal fluid accumulation and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in both serum and peritoneal fluids. Inflammatory cytokines may therefore be involved in the pathophysiology of arrested labor.
Cancer risk after hospital discharge diagnosis of benign ovarian cysts and endometriosis
Authors: Borgfeldt Christer , Andolf Ellika 
Published: March 2004

Background.  The aim was to evaluate whether patients with benign ovarian cysts, functional ovarian cysts, or endometriosis have an increased risk of developing gynecologic cancer.Methods.  The Swedish Hospital Discharge Register was used to identify a cohort of women discharged from hospital with the diagnoses of ovarian cyst (n = 42 217), functional ovarian cyst (n = 17 998), or endometriosis (n = 28 163). To each case, three controls were matched. The National Swedish Cancer Register matched all incident cancers diagnosed among cases and controls. From the Fertility Register, the date of birth of children born to the cases and controls were obtained.Results.  Women with endometriosis had an increased risk for ovarian cancer (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03–1.75), but no association was found between ovarian cysts or functional cysts and ovarian malignancy, including all ages. Young women (15–29 years old) discharged from hospital for ovarian cysts and functional cysts showed an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer later in life (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3–3.9 and OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5–2.0), as well as women with ovarian cysts who had undergone ovarian cyst resection or unilateral oophorectomy (OR 8.8; 95% CI 5.2–15). The risk of developing ovarian cancer was inversely related to parity. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower in all three study groups.Conclusion.  In this study women with endometriosis and young women who had undergone surgery with removal of an ovarian cyst had an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Mild gestational hyperglycemia, the metabolic syndrome and adverse neonatal outcomes
Authors: Bo Simona , Menato Guido , Gallo Marie‐Laure , Bardelli Chiara , Lezo Antonela , Signorile Anna , Gambino Roberto , Cassader Maurizio , Massobrio Marco , Pagano Gianfranco 
Published: March 2004

Background.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its effect on neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with different degrees of hyperglycemia.Methods.  One hundred and fifty women with gestational diabetes, 100 with one abnormal value on the oral glucose tolerance test, 100 with a normal oral glucose challenge test and 350 with an abnormal challenge test and normal tolerance test were enrolled.Results.  The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was: 0%, 4.9%, 20% and 18% in the normal challenge test, abnormal challenge and normal tolerance test, one abnormal value and gestational diabetes patients, respectively. Offspring birth weights, prevalence of large‐for‐gestational age babies and icterus were significantly higher in women with an abnormal challenge test (both with a normal tolerance test or one abnormal value or gestational diabetes). Metabolic syndrome was the best predictor of the presence of large‐for‐gestational age babies in patients with an abnormal challenge and normal tolerance test (OR = 3.15), one abnormal value (OR = 3.53) and gestational diabetes (OR = 4.15).Conclusions.  Metabolic syndrome in mid‐pregnancy was an independent predictor of macrosomia in women with any degree of gestational hyperglycemia; the oral glucose challenge test identifies pregnancies with metabolic abnormalities and adverse neonatal outcomes also in the presence of a normal oral glucose tolerance test.
Episiotomy and perineal tears presumed to be imminent: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dannecker Christian , Hillemanns Peter , Strauss Alexander , Hasbargen Uwe , Hepp Hermann , Anthuber Christoph 
Published: March 2004

Background.  The indication of the restricted use of episiotomy at tears presumed to be imminent is not clear.Methods.  Randomized controlled trial with two perineal management policies. Use of episiotomy: (a) only for fetal indications and (b) in addition at a tear presumed to be imminent. Participants: 146 primiparous women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy at >34 weeks of gestation. For the intention‐to‐treat analysis those 109 women were included who vaginally delivered a live full‐term baby between January 1999 and September 2000: 49 women in group a, 60 in group b.Outcome measures.  Reduction of episiotomies, increase of intact perinea or only minor perineal trauma (intact perineum and first‐degree tears), third‐degree tears, anterior perineal trauma, perineal pain in the postpartum period, pH of the umbilical artery, Apgar scores, maternal blood loss.Results.  Episiotomy rates were 41% in group a and 77% in group b (p < 0.001). Women in the restrictive policy group had a greater chance of an intact perineum (29% vs. 10%; p = 0.023) or only minor perineal trauma (39% vs. 13%; p = 0.003) and had significant lower pain scores postpartum at different activities. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to third‐degree tears, anterior trauma, pre‐ and postpartum hemoglobin concentrations, Apgar scores and pH of the umbilical artery.Conclusions.  Avoiding episiotomy at tears presumed to be imminent increases the rate of intact perinea and the rate of only minor perineal trauma, reduces postpartum perineal pain and does not have any adverse effects on maternal or fetal morbidity.
Factors associated with pelvic floor dysfunction with emphasis on urinary and fecal incontinence and genital prolapse: an epidemiological study
Authors: Uustal Fornell Eva , Wingren Gun , KjØlhede Preben 
Published: March 2004

Objective.  To describe a general population of women with regard to factors associated with urinary and fecal incontinence and genital prolapse symptoms.Methods.  A questionnaire about medical background, urinary and fecal incontinence and genital prolapse symptoms was mailed to 1000 40‐year‐old and 1000 60‐year‐old Swedish women. Associations were described by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results.  Sixty‐seven percent answered the questionnaire. Multivariate analysis showed urinary incontinence to be associated with anal sphincter rupture [OR 4.4 (95%  CI 1.0–18.8)], pelvic heaviness [3.8 (2.1–7.0)], body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2[3.7 (2.0–6.7)], multiparity [1.8 (1.0–3.4)], varicose veins surgery [1.9 (1.2–3.2)] and age [1.9 (1.2–3.2)]. Univariate analyses revealed statistically significant associations between urinary incontinence and incontinence for flatus [4.8 (3.0–7.8)], for liquid stool [5.0 (2.9–8.6)] and for solid stool [5.9 (2.4–14.2)]. Chronic bronchitis [5.7 (1.7–18.9)] was strongly associated with urinary incontinence but was only reported by the older age group. Prolapse symptoms were strongly associated with both urinary and fecal incontinence. Prolapse symptoms as opposed to urinary and fecal incontinence seemed to be associated more with injuries at delivery than with chronic pelvic floor strain.Conclusions.  Women with urinary incontinence are also likely to suffer from fecal incontinence and prolapse and vice versa. Other associated factors for pelvic floor dysfunction were overweight, and especially obesity, chronic bronchitis, vaginal delivery and multiparity, age, heredity and diseases suggestive of collagen disorders. A multidisciplinary management of women with pelvic floor symptoms is suggested and possible prevention is discussed.