bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of membership in munno mubulwadde (your friend indeed) - a novel community-based health insurance scheme in Luwero district in rural central Uganda
Authors: Nabanoba Christine , Zakumumpa Henry 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes are recognized as an important health financing pathway to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). Although previous studies have documented CBHIs in low-income countries, the majority of these have been provider-based. Non-provider based schemes have received comparatively less empirical attention. We sought to describe a novel non-provider based CBHI munno mubulwadde (your friend indeed) comprising informal sector members in rural central Uganda to understand the structure of the scheme, the experiences of scheme members in terms of the perceived benefits and barriers to retention in the scheme.

Methods
We report qualitative findings from a larger mixed-methods study. We conducted in-depth interviews with insured members (n = 18) and scheme administrators (n = 12). Four focus groups were conducted with insured members (38 participants). Data were inductively analyzed by thematic approach.

Results
Munno mubulwadde is a union of ten CBHI schemes coordinated by one administrative structure. Members were predominantly low-income rural informal sector households who pay annual premiums ranging from $17 and $50 annually and received medical care at 13 scheme-contracted private health facilities in Luwero District in Central Uganda. Insured members reported that scheme membership protected them from catastrophic health expenditure during episodes of sickness among household members, and especially so among households with children under-five who were reported to fall sick frequently, the scheme enabled members to receive perceived better quality health care at private providers in the study district relative to the nearest public facilities. The identified barriers to retention in the scheme include inconvenient dates for premium payment that are misaligned with harvest periods for cash crops (e.g. maize corn) on which members depended for their agrarian livelihoods, long distances to insurance-contracted private providers, falling prices of cash crops which diminished real incomes and affordability of insurance premiums in successive years after initial enrolment.

Conclusion
Munno mubulwadde was perceived by as a valuable financial cushion during episodes of illness by rural informal sector households. Policy interventions for promoting price stability of cash crops in central Uganda could enhance retention of members in this non-provider CBHI which is worthy of further research as an additional funding pathway for realizing UHC in Uganda and other low-income settings.
Experiences of hospital care for people with multiple long-term conditions: a scoping review of qualitative research
Authors: Bellass Sue , Scharf Thomas , Errington Linda , Bowden Davies Kelly , Robinson Sian , Runacres Adam , Ventre Jodi , Witham Miles D. , Sayer Avan A. , Cooper Rachel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple long-term conditions—the co-existence of two or more chronic health conditions in an individual—present an increasing challenge to populations and healthcare systems worldwide. This challenge is keenly felt in hospital settings where care is oriented around specialist provision for single conditions. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and summarise published qualitative research on the experiences of hospital care for people living with multiple long-term conditions, their informal caregivers and healthcare professionals.

Methods
We undertook a scoping review, following established guidelines, of primary qualitative research on experiences of hospital care for people living with multiple long-term conditions published in peer-reviewed journals between Jan 2010 and June 2022. We conducted systematic electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Proquest Social Science Premium, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase, supplemented by citation tracking. Studies were selected for inclusion by two reviewers using an independent screening process. Data extraction included study populations, study design, findings and author conclusions. We took a narrative approach to reporting the findings.

Results
Of 8002 titles and abstracts screened, 54 papers reporting findings from 41 studies conducted in 14 countries were identified as eligible for inclusion. The perspectives of people living with multiple long-term conditions (21 studies), informal caregivers (n = 13) and healthcare professionals (n = 27) were represented, with 15 studies reporting experiences of more than one group. Findings included poor service integration and lack of person-centred care, limited confidence of healthcare professionals to treat conditions outside of their specialty, and time pressures leading to hurried care transitions. Few studies explored inequities in experiences of hospital care.

Conclusions
Qualitative research evidence on the experiences of hospital care for multiple long-term conditions illuminates a tension between the desire to provide and receive person-centred care and time pressures inherent within a target-driven system focussed on increasing specialisation, reduced inpatient provision and accelerated journeys through the care system. A move towards more integrated models of care may enable the needs of people living with multiple long-term conditions to be better met. Future research should address how social circumstances shape experiences of care.
Association of NPC1L1 and HMGCR gene polymorphisms with coronary artery calcification in patients with premature triple-vessel coronary disease
Authors: Li Yulong , Li Jiawen , Tang Xiaofang , Xu Jingjing , Liu Ru , Jiang Lin , Tian Jian , Zhang Yin , Wang Dong , Sun Kai , Xu Bo , Zhao Wei , Hui Rutai , Gao Runlin , Song Lei , Yuan Jinqing , Zhao Xueyan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a highly specific marker of atherosclerosis. Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) are the therapeutic targets of ezetimibe and statins, respectively, which are important for the progression of atherosclerosis. However, CAC’s genetic susceptibility with above targets is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the association of NPC1L1 and HMGCR gene polymorphisms with CAC in patients with premature triple-vessel disease (PTVD).

Methods
Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs11763759, rs4720470, rs2072183, rs2073547) of NPC1L1, and three SNPs (rs12916, rs2303151, rs4629571) of HMGCR were genotyped in 872 PTVD patients. According to the coronary angiography results, patients were divided into low-degree CAC group and high-degree CAC group.

Results
A total of 872 PTVD patients (mean age, 47.71 ± 6.12; male, 72.8%) were finally included for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between the SNPs of NPC1L1 and HMGCR genes and high-degree CAC in the total population (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis by gender revealed that the variant genotype (TT/CT) of rs4720470 on NPC1L1 gene was associated with increased risk for high-degree CAC in male patients only (OR = 1.505, 95% CI: 1.008–2.249, P = 0.046) in dominant model, but no significant association was found in female population, other SNPs of NPC1L1 and HMGCR genes (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
We reported for the first time that the rs4720470 on NPC1L1 gene was associated with high-degree CAC in male patients with PTVD. In the future, whether therapies related to this target could reduce CAC and cardiovascular events deserves further investigation.
Components in downstream health promotions to reduce sugar intake among adults: a systematic review
Authors: Azhar Hilmy Syathirah Hanim , Nordin Norhasnida , Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd , Soh Tuan Yuswana Tuan , Yusof Norashikin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExcessive sugar consumption is well documented as a common risk factor for many Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Thus, an adequate intervention description is important to minimise research waste and improve research usability and reproducibility. A systematic review was conducted to identify components in published evidence interventions pertaining to the health promotions on reducing sugar intake among adults. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for quality appraisal. The period for the selected study was from 2000 to 2022, and articles were retrieved from Web of Science (WOS), Medline, Scopus, and PubMed. The target population was adults aged 18 years old and above who underwent intervention to assess the changes in their sugar intake. Data sources and all human epidemiologic studies were included. Out of the 9,333 papers identified, 25 were included. The overall quality of evidence of the studies was considered moderate. Apart from the characteristics of the reviewed studies, components of interventions are including the basis of theoretical or model for the intervention, which majority use Social Cognitive Theory, followed by PRECEDE-PROCEED model, socio-ecological and process-improvement theories and Transtheoretical Model; providers, who are commercial provider, qualified nutritionist, professor of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, doctor, dietitian nutritionist, lifestyle coaches, and junior public health nurses; duration of the intervention and follow-up time, varies from as short as one month to as long as 24 months; material provided either softcopy or hardcopy; tailoring approach, based on the individual goals, the process of change, genotype analysis, beliefs, barriers, and sociocultural norms; delivery mechanism either face-to-face or technology-mediated; and tools to measure the sugar consumption outcome mostly used Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), besides 24-h dietary recalls, and food diaries. There are various components in downstream health promotion to reduce sugar intake among adults that can be adapted according to the local health promotion and intervention context. More well-designed interventions using integration components are encouraged in further studies.
The impact of fentanyl on state- and county-level psychostimulant and cocaine overdose death rates by race in Ohio from 2010 to 2020: a time series and spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: Estadt Angela T. , White Brian N. , Ricks JaNelle M. , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Hepler Staci , Miller William C. , Kline David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Over the past decade in the USA, increases in overdose rates of cocaine and psychostimulants with opioids were highest among Black, compared to White, populations. Whether fentanyl has contributed to the rise in cocaine and psychostimulant overdoses in Ohio is unknown. We sought to measure the impact of fentanyl on cocaine and psychostimulant overdose death rates by race in Ohio.

Methods
We conducted time series and spatiotemporal analyses using data from the Ohio Public Health Information Warehouse. Primary outcomes were state- and county-level overdose death rates from 2010 to 2020 for Black and White populations. Measures of interest were overdoses consisting of four drug involvement classes: (1) all cocaine overdoses, (2) cocaine overdoses not involving fentanyl, (3) all psychostimulant overdoses, and (4) psychostimulant overdoses not involving fentanyl. We fit a time series model of log standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) using a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model to estimate posterior median rate ratios (RR). We conducted a spatiotemporal analysis by modeling the SMR for each drug class at the county level to characterize county-level variation over time.

Results
In 2020, the greatest overdose rates involved cocaine among Black (24.8 deaths/100,000 people) and psychostimulants among White (10.1 deaths/100,000 people) populations. Annual mortality rate ratios were highest for psychostimulant-involved overdoses among Black (aRR = 1.71; 95% CI (1.43, 2.02)) and White (aRR = 1.60, 95% CI (1.39, 1.80)) populations. For cocaine not involving fentanyl, annual mortality rate ratios were similar among Black (aRR = 1.04; 95% CI (0.96,1.16)) and White (aRR = 1.02; 95% CI (0.87, 1.20)) populations. Within each drug category, change over time was similar for both racial groups. The spatial models highlighted county-level variation for all drug categories.

Conclusions
Without the involvement of fentanyl, cocaine overdoses remained constant while psychostimulant overdoses increased. Tailored harm reduction approaches, such as distribution of fentanyl test strips and the removal of punitive laws that influence decisions to contact emergency services, are the first steps to reduce cocaine overdose rates involving fentanyl among urban populations in Ohio. In parallel, harm reduction policies to address the increase in psychostimulant overdoses are warranted.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a young patient with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Ho Ai Phi Thuy , Tjønnfjord Eirik , Meyerdierks Oliver , Brodin Ellen Elisabeth 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA 28-year-old man diagnosed with triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and undergoing warfarin experienced three separate admissions to the cardiac ward within a one-month period due to escalating chest pain. While the initial two admissions revealed normal results in cardiological investigations, such as blood tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography, the third admission unveiled signs of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), despite the patient maintaining an INR (International Normalized Ratio) of 4. Subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exposed spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) of type 3. Faced with hemodynamic instability and worsening symptoms, the patient underwent stenting and was prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy in addition to warfarin. A follow-up evaluation one month later indicated a normalization of his condition.
The role of ADAR1 through and beyond its editing activity in cancer
Authors: Jiao Yue , Xu Yuqin , Liu Chengbin , Miao Rui , Liu Chunyan , Wang Yilong , Liu Jiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes, is a prevalent RNA modification in mammals. It has been shown that A-to-I editing plays a critical role in multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorder, and particularly cancer. ADARs are the family of enzymes, including ADAR1, ADAR2, and ADAR3, that catalyze the occurrence of A-to-I editing. Notably, A-to-I editing is mainly catalyzed by ADAR1. Given the significance of A-to-I editing in disease development, it is important to unravel the complex roles of ADAR1 in cancer for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.In this review, we briefly describe the progress of research on A-to-I editing and ADARs in cancer, mainly focusing on the role of ADAR1 in cancer from both editing-dependent and independent perspectives. In addition, we also summarized the factors affecting the expression and editing activity of ADAR1 in cancer.
Cigarette tar accelerates atherosclerosis progression via RIPK3-dependent necroptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Bai Xiaoxuan , Wang Ying , Luo Xing , Bao Xiaoyi , Weng Xiuzhu , Chen Yuwu , Zhang Shan , Lv Ying , Dai Xinyu , Zeng Ming , Yang Dan , Hu Sining , Li Ji , Ji Yong , Jia Haibo , Yu Bo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Tar is the main toxic of cigarettes, and its effect on atherosclerosis progression and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in atherogenesis and plaque vulnerability. The present study sought to investigate the mechanism of atherosclerosis progression through tar-induced VSMC necroptosis, a recently described form of necrosis.

Methods
The effect of tar on atherosclerosis progression and VSMC necroptosis was examined in ApoE−/− mice and cultured VSMCs. The role of necroptosis in tar-induced plaque development was evaluated in RIPK3-deletion mice (ApoE−/−RIPK3−/−). The key proteins of necroptosis in carotid plaques of smokers and non-smokers were also examined. Quantitative proteomics of mice aortas was conducted to further investigate the underlying mechanism. Pharmacological approaches were then applied to modulate the expression of targets to verify the regulatory process of tar-induced necroptosis.

Results
Tar administration led to increased atherosclerotic plaque area and reduced collagen and VSMCs in ApoE−/− mice. The expression of RIPK1、RIPK3、and MLKL in VSMCs of plaques were all increased in tar-exposed mice and smokers. RIPK3 deletion protected against VSMC loss and plaque progression stimulated by tar. In mechanistic studies, quantitative proteomics analysis of ApoE−/− mice aortas suggested that tar triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PERK-eIF2α-CHOP axis was activated in tar-treated VSMCs and atherosclerotic plaque. Inhibition of ER stress using 4PBA significantly reduced plaque progression and VSMC necroptosis. Further study revealed that ER stress resulted in calcium (Ca2+) release into mitochondria and cytoplasm. Elevated Ca2+ levels lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which consequently promote RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. In addition, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activated by cytosolic Ca2+ overload binds to RIPK3, accounting for necroptosis.

Conclusion
The findings revealed that cigarette tar promoted atherosclerosis progression by inducing RIPK3-dependent VSMC necroptosis and identified novel avenues of ER stress and Ca2+ overload.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and the risk of respiratory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Dong Rui , Zhang Qianqian , Peng Hongxing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Observational studies have suggested a suspected association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and respiratory diseases, but the causality remains equivocal. The goal of this study was to evaluate the causal role of GERD in respiratory diseases by employing Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.

Methods
We conducted Mendelian randomization analysis based on summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and three MR statistical techniques (inverse variance weighted, weighted median and MR-Egger) were employed to assess the probable causal relationship between GERD and the risk of respiratory diseases. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to ensure more trustworthy results, which involves examining the heterogeneity, pleiotropy and leave-one-SNP-out method. We also identified 33 relevant genes and explored their distribution in 26 normal tissues.

Results
In the analysis, for every unit increase in developing GERD, the odds ratio for developing COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung cancer and pulmonary embolism rose by 72% (ORIVW = 1.72, 95% CI 1.50; 1.99), 19% (ORIVW = 1.19, 95% CI 1.11; 1.28), 16% (ORIVW = 1.16, 95% CI 1.07; 1.26), 0. 3% (ORIVW = 1.003, 95% CI 1.0012; 1.0043) and 33% (ORIVW = 1.33, 95% CI 1.12; 1.58), respectively, in comparison with non-GERD cases. In addition, neither heterogeneity nor pleiotropy was found in the study. This study also found that gene expression was higher in the central nervous system and brain tissue than in other normal tissues.

Conclusions
This study provided evidence that people who developed GERD had a higher risk of developing COPD, bronchitis, pneumonia, lung cancer and pulmonary embolism. Our research suggests physicians to give effective treatments for GERD on respiratory diseases. By exploring the gene expression, our study may also help to reveal the role played by the central nervous system and brain tissue in developing respiratory diseases caused by GERD.
Vein wall thickness and severity of pulmonary involvement due to sars n-cov2 virus infection
Authors: Quarto Gennaro , Benassai Giacomo , Colao Annamaria , Cittadini Antonio , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Pivonello Rosario , Elefante Andrea , Bocchino Marialuisa , Marra Alberto Maria , Gentile Ivan , Benassai Gianluca , Miletti Andrea , Calemma Francesca , Furino Ermenegildo ,   the members of FACTA study group, Angelis Cristina , Menafra Davide , Garifalos Francesco , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Annunziata Maria Carmela , Cantelli Maria Teresa , Nappa Paola , Vastarella Marina , Simeoli Chiara , Castoro Michele , Verde Nunzia , Giaccone Agnese , Reynaud Laura , Buonomo Antonio Riccardo , Pinchera Biagio , Graziadio Chiara , Filice Emanuele , Modica Roberta , Pirchio Rosa , Giardino Federica , D’Assante Roberta , Iavicoli Ivo , Fontana Luca , Leso Veruscka , Nocera Caterina , Iaccarino Guido , Bianco Antonio , Vaia Eugenio , Manganelli Fiore , Ruggiero Lucia , Zoppi Dario , Tortora Fabio , Cocozza Sirio , Tortora Mario , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi , Vetrani Claudia , Sanduzzi Zamparelli Alessandro , Buonocore Anna , Gallotti Lorena , Mormile Mauro , Bartolomeis Andrea , Iasevoli Felice , Barone Annarita , Maurea Simone , Stanzione Arnaldo , Caruso Martina , Bombace Claudia , Triassi Maria , Illario Maddalena , Mercurio Lorenzo , de Luca Vincenzo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
An observational study involving patients recovered from COVID-19 was conducted in order to evaluate the presence/absence of vein wall thickness increasing, according to the severity of pulmonary involvement quantified with a CT-scoring system.

Methods
The venous wall thickness (VWT) of 31 patients (23 males and 8 females) with COVID 19 previously admitted to Federico II University Hospital of Naples was evaluated through ultrasound measurement of the common femoral Vein 1 cm proximal to the saphenous-femoral junction and the popliteal Vein 1 cm distal to the confluence of gemellary veins. Measurements were taken with an automated tool to avoid human error. All patients were evaluated in the supine position. Patients were then stratified into two groups, VWT > 1 mm and VWT < 1 mm. Lung damage was assessed through thoracic High Resolution Computer Tomography and subsequently quantified using the scoring system set out by Chung et al. CEAP-C class was calculated for all patients.

Results
The mean value of COVID score in VWT > 1 mm group was 7.4 (S.D. 4.83), whilst the mean value of the COVID score in the VWT < 1 mm group was 3.82 (S.D 3.34). These findings were determined to be statistically significant in a two-tie Student-T test. The linear regression test between VWT and Covid score values demonstrated a direct relationship between the two variables.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate a link between two different aspects of the pathological effects on the vessels during a SARS-COV 2 infection. As such a common primum movens can be hypothesized in both micro-thrombotic and inflammatory processes relating to COVID 19.