bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled WASp activity regulates the proliferative response for Treg cell differentiation in the thymus
Authors: Vasconcelos‐Fontes Larissa , Vieira Rhaissa C. , He Minghui , Ferreira‐Reis Rafaella , Jurberg Arnon Dias , Arêas Mendes‐da‐Cruz Daniella , Andersson John , Cotta‐de‐Almeida Vinicius , Westerberg Lisa S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics and function of hematopoietic cells. Mutations in the WAS gene lead to two different syndromes; Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) caused by loss‐of‐function mutations, and X‐linked neutropenia (XLN) caused by gain‐of‐function mutations. We previously showed that WASp‐deficient mice have a decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus and the periphery. We here evaluated the impact of WASp mutations on Treg cells in the thymus of WAS and XLN mouse models. Using in vitro Treg differentiation assays, WAS CD4 single‐positive thymocytes have decreased differentiation to Treg cells, despite normal early signaling upon IL‐2 and TGF‐β stimulation. They failed to proliferate and express CD25 at high levels, leading to poor survival and a lower number of Foxp3+ Treg cells. Conversely, XLN CD4 single‐positive thymocytes efficiently differentiate into Foxp3+ Treg cells following a high proliferative response to IL‐2 and TGF‐β, associated with high CD25 expression when compared with WT cells. Altogether, these results show that specific mutations of WASp affect Treg cell development differently, demonstrating a critical role of WASp activity in supporting Treg cell development and expansion.
Copper‐Catalyzed Fluoroamide‐Directed Remote C(sp3)‐H Bond Functionalization Through Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Lv Xin , Yang Yuhao , Zhou Liejin , Zeng Xiaojun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirect C−H functionalization is an important strategy for the rapid synthesis of valuable organic molecules. Radical‐involved remote C(sp3)‐H functionalization based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) becomes an important method enabling selective direct transformation of C(sp3)‐H bonds at specific distal position(s). In the recent years, copper‐catalyzed fluoroamide‐directed remote C(sp3)‐H bond functionalization through intramolecular HAT has served as a robust and elegant strategy for the assembly of a variety of functionalized (sulfon)amides and related derivatives. This review focuses on the recent advances in this area. These transformations proceed effectively with high selectivities and good functional group compatibility under mild conditions.
Significance of addition of carbon nanotubes and fly ash on the wear and frictional performance of aluminum metal matrix composites
Authors: Devadiga Udaya , Fernandes Peter , Buradi Abdulrajak , Emma Addisu Frinjo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the wear and frictional behavior of the aluminum metal matrix composites, carbon nanotube, and fly ash were added as reinforcements. Powder metallurgy technique was used to fabricate the hybrid metal matrix composites. Experimentations were carried out using pin on disc type wear test rig. The analyzed experimental results showed that, in comparison to the pure aluminum and mono reinforcement combination, the wear loss and coefficient of friction of hybrid metal matrix composites were greatly reduced. It was noted that compared to pure aluminum wear loss was decreased to 89.58%, 86.97%, 83.3% by adding 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 wt% carbon nanotube (CNT), respectively. By the addition of 4, 8 and 16 wt% FA to pure Al wear loss was decreased to 83.85%, 89.58%, and 78.12%, respectively. It was also noted that compared to Al/8 wt% FA mono reinforced composites, wear loss was decreased to 77%, 71.26%, and 53.22% with the addition of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 wt% CNT, respectively. With the addition of 4, 8, 16 wt% FA, wear loss decreased to 81%, 88%, and 75% over Al/0.25 wt% CNT composites, respectively. The microstructural study of the worn‐out surfaces revealed low abrasive and adhesive wear by the presence of carbon nanotubes and fly ash in aluminum metal matrix. The reinforcing mechanisms of the wear and frictional properties were also discussed.
Wine is more than just a beverage: Chemical diversity, health benefits, and immunomodulating potential of wine polyphenols
Authors: Mitrović Danka , Sredović Ignjatović Ivana , Kozarski Maja , Popović‐ Đorđević Jelena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWine, the fermented juice of the grape (Vitis vinifera), is a complex beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol. On the other hand, phenolic compounds are less abundant components that participate in taste and color formation. In addition to their major role in the sensory profile of wine, phenolic compounds (also referred as polyphenols) function through various mechanisms, exerting positive influence on health. According to recent research, consuming just one glass of red wine positively contributes to health protection, and it is connected to the maintenance of the redox endothelial balance, potential for reducing diabetes occurrence, preventing atherosclerosis, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. What is more, a lower incidence of certain types of cancers has also been observed. The health promoting benefits of wine are explained by its wide spectrum of structurally diverse phenolic compounds whose content may depend on numerous factors. The most abundant compounds are anthocyanins with up to 400 mg/L, followed by phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols, hydrolyzable tannins, flavanones, and stilbenes (up to 200, 120, 60, 50, 25, and 5 mg/L, respectively). This review paper outlines the structural variety, health advantages, and immunomodulatory capacity of wine polyphenols, drawing upon the latest and most pertinent scientific literature available in this domain.
Deciphering genotype‐by‐environment interaction in new soybean lines based on multiple traits using different adaptability and stability methods
Authors: Majidian Parastoo , Masoudi Bahram , Hezarjaribi Ebrahim , Razmi Nasrin , Peyghamzadeh Kamal , Gholizadeh Amir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe multi‐environmental trials aid breeders in selecting the best genotypes for specific or general adaptability to different environments before commercial release. This study aimed to assess the stability of 13 new soybean pure lines, along with two controls, in terms of seed yield and important agronomic traits. The assessment was based on a completely randomized block design with three replications across four areas during 2020–2022. Various adaptability methods, including parametric, AMMI, GGE biplot, PCA, and SIIG were employed. The mixed analysis showed that the effects of environment, genotype, and genotype–environment (GE) interaction were significant for most studied traits. The AMMI showed the highest portion of environment (65.89%) in soybean seed yield. Based on all stability parameters, lines 2 and 5 were selected for their average seed yields of 3349 and 3142 kg ha−1, respectively. Additionally, lines 6 and 5 showed the most stability, yielding higher than the average, which were 2992 and 3142 kg ha−1, respectively, according to GGE biplot results. Furthermore, lines 2, 5, and 8 were identified as the ideal genotypes concerning seed yield and other agronomic traits, with high SIIG parameters and yields exceeding the average. Finally, the soybean line 5 was deemed the most suitable due to its higher yield, stability, and early maturity (128‐day growth period). Therefore, line 5 is considered appropriate for its high stability and earliness in various regions of Iran.
Coping with marsh floods and fires: Resilience at the pile‐dwelling site of Dispilio, Northwestern Greece
Authors: Gkouma Myrsini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLacustrine environments are considered favorable locations for Neolithic settlements, constituting a reliable year‐round water resource, which contributes to fertile arable land, rich biodiversity, and natural protection. Living by the wetlands, however, is characterized by intensive ecological vulnerabilities, that is, floods and fire events. These recurrent episodes are difficult to trace in the occupation layers since natural processes combined with human activities can form variable mixed microenvironments. Consequently, the direct impact of these events on the biography of the settlement and the decision‐making of its inhabitants is understudied. This paper presents a high‐resolution, microstratigraphic analysis at the Neolithic pile‐dwelling settlement of Dispilio (Kastoria, northern Greece) to trace past ecological threats and unravel the resilience strategies of the lake‐dwellers against the continuously altered microenvironments. By correlating the results with regional environmental and cultural events, this paper questions the role of environmental changes as triggers for cultural modifications and considers a wide range of strategies for coping with wetland hazards.
Predicting reoperation and readmission for head and neck free flap patients using machine learning
Authors: Wang Stephanie Y. , Barrette Louis‐Xavier , Ng Jinggang J. , Sangal Neel R. , Cannady Steven B. , Brody Robert M. , Bur Andrés M. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo develop machine learning (ML) models predicting unplanned readmission and reoperation among patients undergoing free flap reconstruction for head and neck (HN) surgery.MethodsData were extracted from the 2012–2019 NSQIP database. eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was used to develop ML models predicting 30‐day readmission and reoperation based on demographic and perioperative factors. Models were validated using 2019 data and evaluated.ResultsFour‐hundred and sixty‐six (10.7%) of 4333 included patients were readmitted within 30 days of initial surgery. The ML model demonstrated 82% accuracy, 63% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and AUC of 0.78. Nine‐hundred and four (18.3%) of 4931 patients underwent reoperation within 30 days of index surgery. The ML model demonstrated 62% accuracy, 51% sensitivity, 64% specificity, and AUC of 0.58.ConclusionXGBoost was used to predict 30‐day readmission and reoperation for HN free flap patients. Findings may be used to assist clinicians and patients in shared decision‐making and improve data collection in future database iterations.
Situations of anomie and the health workforce crisis: Policy implications of a socially sensitive and inclusive approach to human resources
Authors: Côté Nancy , Denis Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHealth systems in most jurisdictions are facing an unprecedented workforce crisis, manifesting as labour shortages, high staff turnover, and increasing rates of absenteeism and burnout. These issues affect professional and occupational groups in both health and social care and individuals at early and later stages of their career. The intensity and pervasiveness of the crisis suggests that it is a multicausal phenomenon. Studies have focused on the relationship between working environments and worker satisfaction and well‐being. However, these are of limited use in understanding the deeper mechanisms behind the large‐scale workforce crisis. The subjective experience of work, while rooted in a particular work context, is also shaped by broader social and cultural phenomena that put social norms and individuals' ability to conform to them in tension. The concept of anomie, initially developed by Durkheim and redefined by Merton, focuses on the way social norms that guide conduct and aspirations lose influence and become incompatible with each other or unsuited to contemporary work contexts. Understanding the workforce crisis from the perspective of anomie enables the development and implementation of novel policies based on co‐production strategies where concerned publics engage collaboratively in framing the problem and searching for solutions.
Safety of pregnancy after cerebral venous thrombosis: A case‐control study
Authors: AlSerehi Amal A. , Al Mufarrih Basmah M. , Abu‐Shaheen Amani , Saleh Ahmed , AlSheef Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSince pregnancy is considered one of the major risk factors of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), the safety of pregnancy in women of childbearing age and a previous history of CVT, is concerning in terms of prevention, family planning, and management. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of pregnancies among women of childbearing age with previous CVT, evaluate the pregnancy‐associated risk of CVT recurrence, and explore the maternal and fetal outcomes among CVT women in comparison with pregnant women without a history of CVT.MethodsA retrospective, case‐control study was conducted at the Obstetrics Departments of King Fahad Medical City Hospital, Saudi Arabia. It included all women with a history of CVT diagnosed in the last 5 years (cases), as well as CVT history‐free pregnant women (control). The prevalence of pregnancy after CVT was estimated and the prepartum and postpartum parameters of the two groups were compared.ResultsFifty women with CVT and 100 controls were included. Among the 50 CVT cases, 28 (56.0%) have been pregnant. The incidence of pre‐eclampsia was significantly more frequent in CVT women (7.1% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.047); however, only one case of deep vein thrombosis (3.6%) was reported in CVT patients versus none in controls (p = 0.219). CVT women delivered at a lower gestational age (mean [SD] = 36.9 [3.5] weeks) compared with controls (38.3 [1.4] weeks) (p = 0.006). No significant differences in other pregnancy or delivery outcomes were observed between the two groups.ConclusionMore than half of women of childbearing age with a history of CVT opt for pregnancy after the CVT episode, with no major additional risk for pre or postpartum complications.
Assessing the hazard of death, cardiac tamponade, and pericardial constriction among HIV and tuberculosis pericarditis patients using the extended Cox‐hazard model: Intervention study
Authors: Iddrisu Abdul‐Karim , Otoo Dominic , Kwasi Afa , Gumedze Freedom 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsTuberculous (TB) pericarditis (TBP), a TB of the heart, is linked to significant morbidity and mortality rates. Administering glucocorticoid therapy to individuals with TBP might enhance overall results and lower the likelihood of fatality. However, the actual clinical effectiveness of supplementary glucocorticoids remains uncertain. This study specifically evaluated the effects of prednisolone, prednisolone‐antiretroviral therapy (ART) interaction, and other potential risk factors in reducing the hazard of the composite outcome, death, cardiac tamponade, and constriction, among TBP and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.MethodsThe data used in this study were obtained from the investigation of the Management of Pericarditis trial, a multicentre international randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled factorial study that investigated the effects of two TB treatments, prednisolone andMycobacterium indicus pranii immunotherapy in patients with TBP in Africa. This study used a sample size of 587 TBP and HIV‐positive patients randomized into prednisolone and its corresponding placebo arm. We used the extended Cox‐proportional hazard model to evaluate the effects of the covariates on the hazard of the survival outcomes. Models fitting and parameter estimation were carried out using R version 4.3.1.ResultsPrednisolone reduces the hazard of composite outcome (hazrad ratio [HR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = ,p < 0.001), cardiac tamponade (HR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.42,p < 0.001) and constriction (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.41, 1.61,p = 0.55). However, prednisolone increases the hazard of death (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.24,p = 0.01). Consistent usage of ART reduces the hazard of composite outcome, death, and constriction but insignificantly increased the hazard of cardiac tamponade.ConclusionThe study offers valuable insights into how prednisolone impact the hazard of different outcomes in patients with TBP and HIV. The findings hold potential clinical significance, particularly in guiding treatment decisions and devising strategies to enhance outcomes in this specific patient group. However, there are concerns about prednisolone potentially increasing the risk of death due to HIV‐related death.
Insights into the interplay between Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state‐of‐the‐art review and implications for vaccine development
Authors: Mohammadzamani Mahtab , Kazemzadeh Kimia , Chand Swati , Thapa Sangharsha , Ebrahimi Narges , Yazdan Panah Mohammad , Shaygannejad Vahid , Mirmosayyeb Omid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS results from an inflammatory process leading to the loss of neural tissue and increased disability over time. The role of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), as one of the most common global viruses, in MS development has been the subject of several studies. However, many related questions are still unanswered. This study aimed to review the connection between MS and EBV and provide a quick outline of MS prevention using EBV vaccination.MethodsFor this narrative review, an extensive literature search using specific terms was conducted across online databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify pertinent studies.ResultsSeveral studies proved that almost 100% of people with MS showed a history of EBV infection, and there was an association between high titers of EBV antibodies and an increased risk of MS development. Various hypotheses are proposed for how EBV may contribute to MS directly and indirectly: (1) Molecular Mimicry, (2) Mistaken Self, (3) Bystander Damage, and (4) Autoreactive B cells infected with EBV.ConclusionGiven the infectious nature of EBV and its ability to elude the immune system, EBV emerges as a strong candidate for being the underlying cause of MS. The development of an EBV vaccine holds promise for preventing MS; however, overcoming the challenge of creating a safe and efficacious vaccine presents a significant obstacle.
Global incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A protocol for systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sadeghi Alireza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) typically develops in the late second and third trimesters and resolves rapidly after delivery. Although not associated with serious maternal sequelae, ICP can be highly bothersome. On the other hand, the major complications of ICP are fetal and neonatal, which can be fatal. The current knowledge lacks an estimation regarding the global prevalence of ICP.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science will be searched systematically. Records will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Observational studies that reported the incidence of ICP will be eligible. Joanna Bridge Institute checklist for appraisal of prevalence studies will be used for quality assessment. Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformed effect sizes will be pooled under random‐effect models. The residual between study heterogeneity will be quantified using I2 statistic. Further investigations will be done using subgroup and meta‐regression analyses.DiscussionEstimating the global and regional prevalence of ICP and evaluating the effects of moderating factors will provide valuable insights into the knowledge. Further investigations on the moderating factors will help researchers to hypothesize the associations and extend the current understanding of the disease. The planned study will be the first systematic review and meta‐analysis that estimates the global prevalence of ICP. The reviewers will try rigorous mythology to ensure high‐quality evidence. However, substantial heterogeneity is expected as prevalence studies utilize different mythologies, settings, and definitions. Moreover, this study relies on utilizing previously published studies, which may impede the overall data quality and comprehensiveness.
ChatGPT and mental health: Friends or foes?
Authors: Kalam Khondoker Tashya , Rahman Jannatul Mabia , Islam Md. Rabiul , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) language model that has gained popularity as a virtual assistant because of its exceptional capacity to solve problems and make decisions. However, there are some ways in which technological misuse and incorrect interpretations can have potentially hazardous consequences for a user's mental health.DiscussionBecause it lacks real‐time fact‐checking capabilities, ChatGPT may create misleading or erroneous information. Considering AI technology has the potential to influence a person's thinking, we anticipate ChatGPT's future repercussions on mental health by considering instances in which inappropriate usage may lead to mental disorders. While several studies have demonstrated how the AI model may transform mental health care and therapy, certain drawbacks, including bias and privacy violations, have also been identified.ConclusionEducating people and organizing workshops on AI technology usage, strengthening privacy measures, and updating ethical standards are crucial initiatives to prevent misuse and resultant dire impacts on mental health. Longitudinal research on the potential of these platforms to impact a variety of mental health problems is recommended in the future.
Depression is associated with discoordination between heart rate variability and physical acceleration in older women
Authors: Taniguchi Kentaro , Jinno Naoya , Seiyama Akitoshi , Shimouchi Akito 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIt is well known that depression is closely associated with the autonomic nervous system and physical acceleration (PA), which may cause functional time‐deviance between these two parameters. Exploring this relationship is important in sustaining the mental and physical health of older adults in daily life. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between depression and the coordination of parasympathetic nervous activity (PSNA) and PA. The present study was designed to investigate whether the coordination between PSNA and PA is associated with the mental state of healthy volunteers in normal daily lives and the underlying mechanism.MethodsIn total, 95 adult women were divided into non‐older and older groups comprising 50 (aged 20–59 years) and 45 (aged 60–85 years) women, respectively. PSNA and PA data were simultaneously obtained every minute for 24 h during the free‐moving day using the ActiveTracer accelerometer. Lag time was determined as the time difference between PSNA and PA, and it was introduced as a parameter of %lag0, which is the percent ratio of the lag = 0 min between PSNA and PA in 1 h. The General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28) was used to evaluate the effects of psychological distress, including depression.ResultsIn the hour before sleep, %lag0 was significantly lower in older women (38.7 ± 6.4) who had higher GHQ28 values (subscale D = 0, n = 12) compared with that in older women (19.4 ± 10.5) with lower values (subscale D ≧ 1, n = 33) (p < 0.05).ConclusionImpairments in coordination between PSNA and PA are significantly associated with depression in older women, particularly in the hour before sleep on free‐moving days.