bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Mechanical Fractionation of Chopped Whole-Plant Corn (WPC) Using Discrete Element Method (DEM)
Authors: Zhao Yumeng , Tekeste Mehari Z. , Schramm Matthew W. , Digman Matthew Francis 
Published: October 2023

Highlights

Mechanical separation whole-plant corn (WPC) was simulated with DEM flexible fibers model.

Mass percent WPC was sensitive to DEM particle shape distribution.

DEM predicted mass fraction within 10% error compared with ASABE sieving test data.

Abstract. Fractionating whole-plant corn (WPC) in a single-pass harvesting system requires studies on the WPC-to-equipment interaction for improved property control, as well as mechanical and air-driven separation processes compared to the traditional multi-pass grain and stover harvesting system. The discrete element method (DEM) technique has the potential to simulate WPC mechanical fractionation and support simulation-based design of WPC separation processes. In this study, methods to develop DEM particle models of WPC (kernel, cob, stalk, and husk) and their material properties for simulating mass fractionation using the ASABE standard mechanical shaker were proposed. Measurement was done on the axial dimensions (major, intermediate, and minor) and mass of each WPC type (mean sample size is 56), sampled from single-pass harvesting. Applying gaussian multivariate regression and bootstrapping re-sampling techniques, a DEM particle approximate to each WPC was developed. Sensitivity analysis of the DEM Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and interaction parameters of coefficient of restitution, coefficient of rolling friction, and coefficient of static friction on mass fraction was performed after 156 ASABE sieve-shaking DEM simulation runs, generated using Latin Hypercube Design (LHD) design of experiment (DOE) from 19 DEM material parameters. DEM simulation using Hertz-Mindlin with flexible bond contact laws and DOE optimized material properties successfully reproduced the mass fractions retained in ASABE sieves at 9.8% mean relative error and a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.87. The DEM methodology developed for mechanical WPC mass fractionation could be deployed to perform virtual design of feedstock handling equipment and performance analysis of mechanical fraction systems. Keywords: Chopped whole-plant corn (WPC), Corn cob, Corn husk, Corn kernel, Corn stalk, Discrete element method (DEM), Flexible-bonded particle.
Measuring Smoke Emissions from Prescribed Rangeland Burning in the Flint Hills Region Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Authors: Liu Zifei , Baldwin Carolyn , Watson Douglas , Prentice Jayson , Balthazor Travis , Haque Md Ariful 
Published: October 2023

Highlights

Smoke samples collected with UAS during rangeland prescribed burns were used to develop representative smoke emission factors for rangeland fires.

The head fire emission factors of PM2.5 and NOx were consistent with the low end of the range of flaming emission factors in the literature.

The combination of high air temperatures and high absolute humidity resulted in higher levels of PM2.5 and O3 in smoke.

Abstract.Prescribed burning is an ecological process critical to maintaining and improving rangeland ecosystems. Smoke impacts related to prescribed burning have been the subject of intense discussion and public debate. The objectives of this study were to collect accurate smoke emissions data using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and use the data to develop smoke emission factors representative of prescribed rangeland fires in the tallgrass prairie Flint Hills region of Kansas and Oklahoma. The emission factors will be used to improve the input parameters used in smoke modeling tools. Four prescribed burns on unique burn units were sampled for this study. Smoke emission factors were determined using the carbon mass balance method. Average emission factors for head fires were: PM2.5, 11.3±10.8g/kg fuel; NOx as NO, 1.4±0.9 g/kg fuel; CO2, 1569±28 g/kg fuel; CH4, 6.8±4.3 g/kg fuel; NMHC as propane, 3.3±2.5 g/kg fuel; and VOC as propane, 4.5±3.5 g/kg fuel. Compared with head fires, back fires tended to produce lower emissions of PM2.5 but higher emissions of NOx and VOC. Green, high-moisture vegetation present during the growing season fires in September resulted in a larger head fire PM2.5 emission factor compared to April fires. Generally, the combination of high air temperature and high absolute humidity resulted in high PM2.5 and O3 in smoke. Conducting prescribed fires under conditions of cool air temperature and low absolute humidity can reduce the generation of PM2.5 and O3 in smoke, as long as these conditions fall within the prescribed range for the burn. Keywords: Carbon mass balance, Drone, Fire, Grass, Ozone, Pasture, Prescribed burning, Rangeland management, Rangelands, Smoke emission factor, Tallgrass prairie, Unmanned aircraft system.
Ultra-high extinction ratio optical pulse generation with a thin film lithium niobate modulator for distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Shen Yuan , Shu Xiaoqian , Ma Lingmei , Yu Shaoliang , Chen Gengxin , Liu Liu , Ge Renyou , Chen Bigeng , Rao Yunjiang 
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate ultra-high extinction ratio (ER) optical pulse modulation with an electro-optical modulator (EOM) on thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) and its application for fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). An interface carrier effect leading to a relaxation-tail response of TFLN EOM is discovered, which can be well addressed by a small compensation component following the main driving signal. An ultra-high ER > 50 dB is achieved by canceling out the tailed response during pulse modulation using the EOM based on a cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The modulated optical pulses are then utilized as a probe light for a DAS system, showing a sensitivity up to −62.9  dB  ⋅  rad/Hz2 (7 pε/√Hz) for 2-km single-mode sensing fiber. Spatial crosstalk suppression of 24.9 dB along the fiber is also obtained when the ER is improved from 20 dB to 50 dB, clearly revealing its importance to the sensing performance.
La casa como un nido. Presentación
Authors: Merklen Denis 
Published: October 2023

Con este texto presentamos el número monográfico “La casa como un nido”. El propósito de este número es alimentar una reflexión sobre la casa en clave sociológica y antropológica. El punto de partida de esa reflexión es la ya clásica propuesta de Gaston Bachelard de considerar la casa “como un nido” (La poétique de l’espace, 1957). Una propuesta, sin embargo, casi siempre citada como en exergue, como epígrafe, pero casi nunca seguida en sus consecuencias. Tal programa nos acerca de la vida tanto como nos aleja del modo en que la sociología urbana, el urbanismo y la arquitectura consideran el problema, más cerca al concepto de “vivienda” que a la poética de la “casa”. Tal proyecto no encuentra aquí sino un conjunto de aproximaciones que invitan a continuar explorando un tema que, así planteado, es evidentemente inagotable. El número inicia en la sección Fundamentales con el clásico texto de Roberto DaMatta “Espacio. Casa, calle y otro mundo: el caso de Brasil”, traducido al castellano para la ocasión. Tras este, el número cuenta con las contribuciones de Denis Merklen, Pablo Semán, Claudia Girola, Gabriel Gatti y Elixabete Imaz, Sebastián Aguiar, Natalia Montealegre y Marcelo Rossal, y Eva Sotomayor, a las que se suman —en la sección Papeles Críticos— el trabajo de Iñaki Robles y el de Maïwenn Raoul.
Incidence, Risk Score Performance, and In-Hospital Outcomes of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Marzec Alexander , Razavi Mehdi , Mullins Karen , Molina-Razavi Joanna E. , Chatterjee Subhasis , Shafii Alexis E. , Cozart Jennifer R. , Moon Marc R. , Rasekh Abdi , Saeed Mohammad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) frequently complicates cardiac surgery. Predicting POAF can guide interventions to prevent its onset. This study assessed the incidence, risk factors, and related adverse outcomes of POAF after cardiac surgery.

Methods:
A cohort of 1,606 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a tertiary referral center was analyzed. Postoperative AF was defined based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ criteria: AF/atrial flutter after operating room exit that either lasted longer than 1 hour or required medical or procedural intervention. Risk factors for POAF were evaluated, and the performance of established risk scores (POAF, HATCH, COM-AF, CHA2DS2-VASc, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores) in predicting POAF was assessed using discrimination (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve) analysis. The association of POAF with secondary outcomes, including length of hospital stay, ventilator time, and discharge to rehabilitation facilities, was evaluated using adjusted linear and logistic regression models.

Results:
The incidence of POAF was 32.2% (n = 517). Patients who developed POAF were older, had traditional cardiovascular risk factors and higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores, and often underwent valve surgery. The POAF risk score demonstrated the highest area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (0.65), but risk scores generally underperformed. Postoperative AF was associated with extended hospital stays, longer ventilator use, and higher likelihood of discharge to rehabilitation facilities (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.73-3.08).

Conclusion:
This study observed a high incidence of POAF following cardiac surgery and its association with increased morbidity and resource utilization. Accurate POAF prediction remains elusive, emphasizing the need for better risk-prediction methods and tailored interventions to diminish the effect of POAF on patient outcomes.
The Relevance of Home-Grown Solutions: A Comparative Analogy of Gacaca and Abunzi Mediation in Rwanda
Authors: Tangwe Abraham Tamukum , Victoire Gloire Sebuyange , Benyin Patrick Kofi 
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the impact of the Gacaca and its contributions to the restoration of justice and reconciliation in Rwanda after the genocide, in relation to the Abunzi committees with the objective of assessing its relevance and why it was disbanded. The rationale is to know how the Gacaca system inspired a series of other home-grown solutions aiming at disputes settlement in a peaceful way, with much emphasis to the Abunzi committees. To attain this, the researchers adopted a qualitative approach using a thematic review through a desk study where a thematic analysis was used to compare and contrast the relevance of Gacaca and Abunzi with content analysis propagated deductively in an iterative manner. The findings indicated that the Gacaca and the Abunzi contributed tremendously to the acquisition of transitional justice in Rwanda as well as eradicating the culture of impunity and dispensing justice to the victims. Moreover, these courts laid the foundation of peace, reconciliation and unity. Perceptively, the Rwandese acknowledged the role of these courts because it exposed what had happened in their local communities and assisted many families to identify their missing family members and relatives thereby enhancing the importance of the sustainability of home-grown solutions. In perspective, this study will create an awareness in establishing a home-grown solution and will act as an addition to the yawning gap of the lack of documents. Members of the Gacaca and the Abunzi should undertake building of their capacity to be schooled in mediation as well as the government should be able to provide resources and trainings to boost their outputs.
On the Impossibility of a Purely Objective Economic Theory of Crime
Authors: Miceli Thomas J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This essay argues that a purely objective economic theory of crime (i.e., one devoid of moral or ethical judgments) is impossible. The basis for this claim is the reciprocal nature of causation in externality settings as first pointed out by Coase (1960), which renders the definition of harm indeterminate. At most, economic theory can prescribe an efficient pricing scheme once the direction of causation, and hence the nature of harm, has been defined. The essay concludes by discussing the implications of this idea for civil disobedience, cancel-culture, and victimless crimes.
Reliable detection and quantification of selective forces in language change
Authors: Guerrero Montero Juan , Karjus Andres , Smith Kenny , Blythe Richard A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Language change is a cultural evolutionary process in which variants of linguistic variables change in frequency through processes analogous to mutation, selection and genetic drift. In this work, we apply a recently-introduced method to corpus data to quantify the strength of selection in specific instances of historical language change. We first demonstrate, in the context of English irregular verbs, that this method is more reliable and interpretable than similar methods that have previously been applied. We further extend this study to demonstrate that a bias towards phonological simplicity overrides that favouring grammatical simplicity when these are in conflict. Finally, with reference to Spanish spelling reforms, we show that the method can also detect points in time at which selection strengths change, a feature that is generically expected for socially-motivated language change. Together, these results indicate how hypotheses for mechanisms of language change can be tested quantitatively using historical corpus data.
Characterization of Hilbert C*-module higher derivations
Authors: Ekrami S. Kh. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Let

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

be
a Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module. In this paper, we show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between all Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module higher derivations

{

φ
n

:

ℳ
→
ℳ

}

n
=
0

∞

{\{\varphi_{n}:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow\mathcal{M}\}_{n=0}^{\infty}}

with

φ
0

=
I

{\varphi_{0}=I}

satisfying

φ
n

(

〈
x
,
y
〉

z
)

=

∑

i
+
j
+
k

=
n

〈

φ
i

(
x
)

,

φ
j

(
y
)

〉

φ
k

(
z
)

(
x
,
y
,
z
∈
ℳ
,
n
∈
ℕ
∪

{
0
}

)

\varphi_{n}(\langle x,y\rangle z)=\sum_{i+j+k=n}\langle\varphi_{i}(x),\varphi_%
{j}(y)\rangle\varphi_{k}(z)\quad(x,y,z\in\mathcal{M},\,n\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\})

and all Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module derivations

{

ψ
n

:

ℳ
→
ℳ

}

n
=
1

∞

{\{\psi_{n}:\mathcal{M}\rightarrow\mathcal{M}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}}

satisfying

ψ
n

(

〈
x
,
y
〉

z
)

=

〈

ψ
n

(
x
)

,
y
〉

z
+

〈
x
,

ψ
n

(
y
)

〉

z
+

〈
x
,
y
〉

ψ
n

(
z
)

(
x
,
y
,
z
∈
ℳ
,
n
∈
ℕ
)

,

\psi_{n}(\langle x,y\rangle z)=\langle\psi_{n}(x),y\rangle z+\langle x,\psi_{n%
}(y)\rangle z+\langle x,y\rangle\psi_{n}(z)\quad(x,y,z\in\mathcal{M},\,n\in%
\mathbb{N}),

and we show that for every Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module higher derivation

{

φ
n

}

n
=
0

∞

{\{\varphi_{n}\}_{n=0}^{\infty}}

on

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

, there exists a unique sequence of Hilbert

C
*

{\mathrm{C}^{*}}

-module derivations

{

ψ
n

}

n
=
1

∞

{\{\psi_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}}

on

ℳ

{\mathcal{M}}

such that

ψ
n

=

∑

k
=
1

n

(

∑

∑

j
=
1

k

r
j

=
n

(

-
1

)

k
-
1

⁢

r
1

⁢

φ

r
1

⁢

φ

r
2

⁢
…
⁢

φ

r
k

)

\psi_{n}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\biggl{(}\sum_{\sum_{j=1}^{k}r_{j}=n}(-1)^{k-1}~{}r_{1}%
\varphi_{r_{1}}\varphi_{r_{2}}\dots\varphi_{r_{k}}\biggr{)}

for all positive integers n, where the inner summation is taken over all positive integers

r
j

{r_{j}}

with

∑

j
=
1

k

r
j

=
n

{\sum_{j=1}^{k}r_{j}=n}

.
3D biomimetic scaffold’s dimensional accuracy: a crucial geometrical response for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Gade Siddhant , Vagge Shashikant 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing has emerged as a trending methodology for producing different simple to complex geometries in minimum lead time, which in turn gives better quality attributes when compared to conventional manufacturing procedures. Fabrication of polylactic acid-based porous scaffold prototypes by 3-dimensional printing has been extensively performed successfully by many researchers. The dimensional accuracy of the 3-dimensional printed part is a very crucial aspect of bone tissue engineering. Dimensional precision of 3-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds has been a response characteristic somehow less focused on by researchers, though it is essential as it acts as a stereotype for defect recuperation while consequently developing extracellular matrix and bone regeneration. The present paper fosters re-tuning the process parameters of a fused deposition modeling based 3-dimensional printer while considering the dimensional precision as a response parameter by the Taguchi optimization technique using a full factorial design L27 orthogonal array set of design of experiments. The crystallinity of the polylactic acid filament material was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The thermal breakdown of filament material was investigated utilizing a thermogravimetric analyzer. According to Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratios, the optimum values were 0.14 mm of layer thickness, 20 mm s−1 of printing speed, and 80 % of infill percentage. In order to justify the results, response surface methodology was employed. R-square values for Taguchi and the response surface models were 88.61 % and 68.71 %, respectively.
Matching on Noise: Finite Sample Bias in the Synthetic Control Estimator
Authors: Cummins Joseph , Miller Douglas L. , Smith Brock , Simon David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the properties of a systematic bias that arises in the synthetic control estimator in panel data settings with finite pre-treatment periods, offering intuition and guidance to practitioners. The bias comes from matching to idiosyncratic error terms (noise) in the treated unit and the donor units’ pre-treatment outcome values. This in turn leads to a biased counterfactual for the post-treatment periods. We use Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the determinants of the bias in terms of error term variance, sample characteristics and DGP complexity, providing guidance as to which situations are likely to yield more bias. We also offer a procedure to reduce the bias using a direct computational bias-correction procedure based on re-sampling from a pilot model that can reduce the bias in empirically feasible implementations. As a final potential solution, we compare the performance of our corrections to that of an Interactive Fixed Effects model. An empirical application focused on trade liberalization indicates that the magnitude of the bias may be economically meaningful in a real world setting.
Hilfer proportional nonlocal fractional integro-multipoint boundary value problems
Authors: Samadi Ayub , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Cuntavepanit Asawathep , Tariboon Jessada 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, we introduce and study a boundary value problem for(k,χ¯*)\left(k,{\bar{\chi }}_{* })-Hilfer generalized proportional fractional differential equation of order in an interval (1, 2], equipped with integro-multipoint nonlocal boundary conditions. In the scalar case setting, the existence results are proved via Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative and Krasnosel’skiĭ’s fixed point theorem, while the existence of a unique solution is established by applying Banach’s contraction mapping principle. In Banach’s space setting, an existence result is proved via Mönch’s fixed point theorem and the measure of noncompactness. Finally, the obtained theoretical results are well illustrated by constructed examples.
Investigation of recycled materials for radiative cooling under tropical climate
Authors: Han Di , Fei Jipeng , Wan Man Pun , Li Hong , Ng Bing Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As a sustainable alternative to using virgin polymer, we propose the use of recycled polymer for the fabrication of passive radiative cooling materials to tackle both the increasing demand for cooling systems and to upcycle plastic waste. Using recycled acrylic sheets as the binder for BaSO4 thorough sol–gel method, a sustained 1.2 °C sub-ambient temperature during daytime and 3 °C sub-ambient temperature during nighttime was achieved under the hot and humid conditions of the tropical climate. The coating achieved 97.7 % solar reflectance and 95 % infrared emittance. Separately, when porosity is introduced to recycled acrylic sheets through a phase inversion method, a near-ambient temperature during noontime and sustained sub-ambient temperature of 2.5 °C during nighttime was achieved (with 96.7 % solar reflectance). Comparable performances are also obtained using recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.
A tökéletes piacok zárt rendszerétől a hálózatelmélet nyitott modelljéig
Authors: Oroszi Sándor 
Published: October 2023

Meglehetősen kockázatos feladatra vállalkoztam, midőn a gazdaság alapvető intézményrendszerének tekintett tökéletes piachálózat több évszázados funkcionálásának kérdését állítottam elemzésem fókuszába. A közgazdaságtan megteremtői módszertanilag zárt modellnek tételezték a gazdaságot, amelyben a folyamatok szabadon, állami befolyástól mentesen mehetnek végbe.
Mire azonban a közgazdaságtan kiteljesíthette volna magyarázó funkcióját, meghatározó változások következtek be – amelyek állandóan halmozódtak - a gazdasági feltételekben. A tudomány legjelesebb képviselői a saját kutatási területükön észlelt ellentmondásokra igyekeztek megoldásokat találni, ennek során azonban akaratlanul is átlépték a modell egészének határvonalait. A gyakran közgazdasági Nobel-díjakkal elismert tudományos produktumokat azonban már nem lehet visszaparancsolni az Általános Egyensúlyelmélet Pandora szelencéjébe, azok attól függetlenül töltik be tudományos funkcióikat.
A kiéleződő feszültségeket újabb és újabb matematikai feltételek, korlátok megfogalmazásával igyekeztek eliminálni, hogy azok ne vezessenek a modell robbanásához, széteséséhez. E kísérletek eredményeként a modell konzisztenciája ugyan fennmaradt, de maga a modell minden ilyen lépéssel távolodott a valóságtól.
Az elemzett téma jellegéből következően tanulmányom csak az igazán eredeti válaszokat megfogalmazó tudósok gondolataiból próbálkozhat reményem szerint konzisztens „intarzia” összerakásával, ennek következtében az idézetek időrendileg nem éppen a legfrissebbek, noha szellemiségükben ma is a tudomány legüdébb hajtásainak tekinthetők.