bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and risks of CBD oils purchased online: unveiling uncertain quality and vague health claims
Authors: Vida Róbert György , Strauss Lilien Victoria , Bajtel Ákos , Kiss Tivadar , Csupor Dezső , Fittler András 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The unmet need for highly effective, naturally derived products with minimal side effects results in the over-popularity of ever-newer medicinal plants. In the middle of 2010, products containing cannabidiol (CBD), one of the special metabolites of Cannabis sativa, started to gain popularity. For consumers and healthcare providers alike, the legal context surrounding the marketing of CBD products is not entirely clear, and the safety of using some products is in doubt. Companies in the online medicinal product market profit from the confusion around CBD oils.Methods: In our study, we employed a complex method known as risk-based safety mapping of the online pharmaceutical market, which included health claim content analysis of online stores, test purchases, and labeling and quantitative analysis of the CBD content.Results: There were discovered 16 online retailers selling an average of 2–7 goods and CBD oils with a concentration of 3%–5% (30–50 mg/mL) CBD. The majority (n/N = 10/16, 62.5%) displayed potential health-related benefits indirectly on their website, and in the case of one web shop (n/N = 1/16, 6.3%), we detected COVID-19-related use. Altogether, 30 types of purported “indications” were collected. A total of 12 CBD oil products were test-purchased from online retailers in December 2020. Upon evaluating the packaging and product information, we noticed that three products (n/N = 3/12, 25%) lacked instructions on use, hence increasing the risk of inappropriate application and dosing. The cannabidiol content was quantified using UHPLC. The measured CBD concentrations of the products ranged from 19.58 mg/mL to 54.09 mg/mL (mean 35.51 mg/mL, median 30.63 mg/mL, and SD ± 12.57 mg/mL). One (8.33%) product was underlabeled, five (41.67%) were over-labeled, and only every second product (50%) was appropriately labeled based on the quantitative assessment of CBD concentration.Discussion: Further research and quality control are necessary to establish the regulatory context of the usage and classification of CBD and other cannabinoids in nonmedicinal products (e.g., food supplements), as authorities and policymakers worldwide struggle with the uncertainties surrounding CBD products.
Boswellia carterii oleoresin extracts induce caspase-mediated apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in human leukaemia subtypes
Authors: Jones Matthew Allan , Borun Anna , Greensmith David James 
Published: December 2023

Background: Leukemias are a common cancer in adults and children. While existing treatments are effective, they are associated with severe side-effects compounded by the emergence of drug resistance. This necessitates the need to develop new drugs and phytopharmaceuticals offer a largely untapped source. Oleoresins produced by plants in the genus Boswellia have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and recent work suggests they may exhibit anti-cancer activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and most existing research focusses on Boswellia serrata; just one of many species in the Boswellia genus. To address these limitations, we elucidated the anti-cancer potential and associated mechanisms of action of Boswellia carterii.Methods: A methanolic solvent extraction method was optimised. The effect of methanolic extracts of B. carterii on leukaemia (K562, MOLT-4 and CCRF-CEM) and normal (PBMC) cell line viability was assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Cell morphology, apoptosis (Annexin-V/propidium iodide), mitochondrial membrane potential (Rhodamine-123) and the cell cycle (propidium iodide) were evaluated using flow cytometry. Regulatory protein expression was quantified using Western Blot.Results: Methanolic extracts of B. carterii oleoresin reduced the viability of K562, MOLT-4 and CCRF-CEM cell lines with selectivity indexes of between 1.75 and 2.68. Extracts increased the proportion of cells in late apoptosis by 285.4% ± 51.6%. Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased by 41% ± 2% and the expression of cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9 was increased by 5.7, 3.3, and 1.5-fold respectively. Extracts increased the proportion of cells in subG1 and G1 phase by 867.8% ± 122.9% and 14.0 ± 5.5 and decreased those in S phase and G2/M by 63.4% ± 2.0% and 57.6% ± 5.3%. Expression of CDK2, CDK6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 were decreased by 2.8, 4.9, 3.9, and 2.5-fold.Conclusion: We are the first to report that methanolic extracts of B. carterii are selectively cytotoxic against three leukemia cell lines. Cytotoxic mechanisms likely include activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of CDK2, CDK6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3. Our findings suggest that B. carterii may be an important source of novel chemotherapeutic drugs and justifies further investigation.
Health-related quality of life and family functioning of primary caregivers of children with down syndrome
Authors: Rozensztrauch Anna , Wieczorek Karolina , Twardak Iwona , Śmigiel Robert 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundDown Syndrome (DS; OMIM #190685), known as trisomy 21, is one of the most common genetic disorders in the human population and the commonest known cause of intellectual disability. The study was conducted to investigate the quality of life (QoL) of children with DS syndrome and its impact on family functioning.Purpose of studyTo assess the quality of life of children with trisomy 21 and the impact of the disorder on the family.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional questionnaire study. The respondents were 52 parents of children with trisomy 21. The following structured questionnaires were used: the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales, the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module and Study-Specific Questionnaire (SSQ).ResultsThe combined scores, with a mean value of approximately 55 out of a possible 100 points, indicated a significant impact of the child’s genetic defect on family functioning. In the overall QOL, the highest rated domain was physical functioning (x̅ =60.14; SD = 23.82) and the lowest was school functioning (x̅ =51.36; SD = 18.72). Better school functioning (p = 0.022) was reported for girls. The presence of reduced muscle tone also had a negative impact on the child’s functioning in the physical (p = 0.036), emotional (p = 0.011), psychosocial (p = 0.027) and overall QOL domains (p = 0.023).ConclusionOverall, our results showed that the quality of life of children with trisomy 21 is impaired. There was a positive association between the child’s QOL and the QOL of their parents, as well as the general functioning of the child’s whole family. For this reason, an improvement in the QOL of parents and the family functioning is closely related to an increased QOL of the child. The continuous deepening of knowledge of QOL in individual trisomy 21 management allows for better preparation and ongoing care for the patients concerned.
Gross motor coordination in relation to weight status: a longitudinal study in children and pre-adolescents
Authors: Biino Valentina , Pellegrini Barbara , Zoppirolli Chiara , Lanza Massimo , Gilli Federica , Giuriato Matteo , Schena Federico 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionGross Motor Coordination (GMC) is crucial for the adequate development of motor competence. Our purpose in this semi-longitudinal study was to evaluate the influence of BMI on GMC in children and pre-adolescents of both sexes, across school years (classes).MethodsWe evaluated 117 subjects (aged 8–13 years) belonging to three different cohorts for 4 consecutive years, providing data over 6 years (classes). GMC was assessed through the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test. Class and weight status effects were then evaluated by dividing the subjects into a normal weight group and an overweight group based on their weight status.ResultsA significant increase across classes was found for BMI (p &lt; 0.001) and KTK raw score (p &lt; 0.001) and a decrease was found for KTK normalized score (MQ) (p = 0.043). Significantly lower MQ values were found for girls. Absolute GMC increased across the years and there was no difference between boys and girls. Correlations between GMC scores and BMI were negative and significant in 5 of 6 classes. It was confirmed that overweight subjects had lower MQ and RAW values than normal-weight subjects, with no class-by-weight status interaction.DiscussionThe level of competence and its development are strictly dependent on weight status during childhood and pre-adolescence. The present investigation suggests that the adequate development of GMC requires not only targeted physical education programs but also the promotion of healthy habits aimed at maintaining a normal weight status during childhood and pre-adolescence.
Cross-sectional study of factors related to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among university healthcare students
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Abuliezi Renaguli , Ota Erika , Oki Tomomi , Naruse Kazuko 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionHealthcare students are more likely to become infected than other university students as they may encounter patients with COVID-19 during clinical training. Vaccination uptake is essential to prevent infection. This study explored factors related to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among healthcare students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study conducted online surveys of undergraduate and graduate nursing and healthcare graduate students from four medical universities in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area of Japan. Data were collected from June to August 2022, when the fourth vaccination program was initiated.ResultsData from 1,169 students were analyzed (response rate = 37.3%). The mean age was 25.1 ± 7.6 years, and most were female (82.3%). Academic majors included nursing (68.0%), medicine (16.3%), dentistry (9.3%), and others (6.4%). Thirty students (2.6%) were not vaccinated, one student (0.1%) had received one vaccination, 997 (85.3%) had received three, and 27 (2.3%) had received four. The major reason for not being vaccinated was insufficient confirmation of its safety (n = 25). Students who had received at least one vaccination (n = 1,139), 965 (84.7%) reported experiencing adverse side effects, the most frequent being pain at the injection site (76.2%), followed by fever (68.3%). In the logistic regression, a greater number of vaccinations (3–4 times) was associated with older age (odds ratio, OR = 1.53), working (OR = 1.67), and more frequent infection-preventive behaviors (OR = 1.05). Significantly fewer students were vaccinated at University B than at University A (OR = 0.46). Additionally, those majoring in subjects other than nursing (OR = 0.28), and students from non-Asian countries (OR = 0.30) were less likely to be vaccinated.DiscussionIt is necessary to pay attention to and encourage the vaccination of students who engage in low levels of preventive behavior, students who are young, international, or unemployed, and those in non-healthcare professional majors.
Preliminary evaluation of safety and migration of immune activated mesenchymal stromal cells administered by subconjunctival injection for equine recurrent uveitis
Authors: Cassano Jennifer M. , Leonard Brian C. , Martins Bianca C. , Vapniarsky Natalia , Morgan Joshua T. , Dow Steven W. , Wotman Kathryn L. , Pezzanite Lynn M. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionEquine recurrent uveitis (ERU), an immune mediated disease characterized by repeated episodes of intra-ocular inflammation, affects 25% of horses in the USA and is the most common cause of glaucoma, cataracts, and blindness. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties, which are upregulated by preconditioning with toll-like receptor agonists. The objective was to evaluate safety and migration of TLR-3 agonist polyinosinic, polycytidylic acid (pIC)-activated MSCs injected subconjunctivally in healthy horses prior to clinical application in horses with ERU. We hypothesized that activated allogeneic MSCs injected subconjunctivally would not induce ocular or systemic inflammation and would remain in the conjunctiva for &gt;14 days.MethodsBulbar subconjunctiva of two horses was injected with 10 × 106 pIC-activated (10 μg/mL, 2 h) GFP-labeled MSCs from one donor three times at two-week intervals. Vehicle (saline) control was injected in the contralateral conjunctiva. Horses received physical and ophthalmic exams [slit lamp biomicroscopy, rebound tonometry, fundic examination, and semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring (SPOTS)] every 1–3 days. Systemic inflammation was assessed via CBC, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA). Horses were euthanized 14 days following final injection. Full necropsy and histopathology were performed to examine ocular tissues and 36 systemic organs for MSC presence via IVIS Spectrum. Anti-GFP immunohistochemistry was performed on ocular tissues.ResultsNo change in physical examinations was noted. Bloodwork revealed fibrinogen 100-300 mg/dL (ref 100–400) and SAA 0–25 μg/mL (ref 0–20). Ocular effects of the subjconjucntival injection were similar between MSC and control eyes on SPOTS grading system, with conjunctival hypermia, chemosis and ocular discharge noted bilaterally, which improved without intervention within 14 days. All other ocular parameters were unaffected throughout the study. Necropsy and histopathology revealed no evidence of systemic inflammation. Ocular histopathology was similar between MSC and control eyes. Fluorescent imaging analysis did not locate MSCs. Immunohistochemistry did not identify intact MSCs in the conjunctiva, but GFP-labeled cellular components were present in conjunctival phagocytic cells.DiscussionAllogeneic pIC-activated conjunctival MSC injections were well tolerated. GFP-labeled tracking identified MSC components phagocytosed by immune cells subconjunctivally. This preliminary safety and tracking information is critical towards advancing immune conditioned cellular therapies to clinical trials in horses.
Learning to navigate uncertainty in primary care: a scoping literature review
Authors: Gardner Nick P , Gormley Gerard J , Kearney Grainne P 
Published: December 2023

Background
Clinical practice occurs in the context of uncertainty. Primary care is a clinical environment that accepts and works with uncertainty differently from secondary care. Recent literature reviews have contributed to understanding how clinical uncertainty is taught in educational settings and navigated in secondary care, and, to a lesser extent, by experienced GPs. We do not know how medical students and doctors in training learn to navigate uncertainty in primary care.

Aim
To explore what is known about primary care as an opportunity for learning to navigate uncertainty.

Design & setting
Scoping review of articles written in English.

Method
Using a scoping review methodology, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched, with additional articles obtained through citation searching. Studies were included in this review if they: (a) were based within populations of medical students and/or doctors in training; and (b) considered clinical uncertainty or ambiguity in primary care or a simulated primary care setting. Study findings were analysed thematically.

Results
Thirty-six studies were included from which the following three major themes were developed: uncertainty contributes to professional identity formation (PIF); adaptive responses; and maladaptive behaviours. Relational and social factors that influence PIF were identified. Adaptive responses included adjusting epistemic expectations and shared decision making (SDM).

Conclusion
Educators can play a key role in helping learners navigate uncertainty through socialisation, discussing primary care epistemology, recognising maladaptive behaviours, and fostering a culture of constructive responses to uncertainty.
La transición educativa y continuidad del desarrollo de los niños y niñas de preescolar a primer grado desde la formación permanente
Authors: Fumero Pérez Ariolki , Escalona Vázquez Irelis de Caridad , Peña García Alina 
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la transición educativa y continuidad del desarrollo de los niños de preescolar a primer grado desde la formación permanente, surge del problema científico: Insuficiencias que se presentan en la formación permanente de los maestros para la transición educativa de preescolar a primer grado. Se realiza un análisis sobre elementos teóricos que permiten evaluar el proceso de transición educativa de preescolar a primer grado. Se aplicó un estudio cualitativo a través de un seguimiento al trabajo de un grupo de maestros para analizar el comportamiento de su desempeño profesional. Los resultados mostraron que los maestros cuentan con habilidades profesionales para planificar y dirigir este proceso, pero carecen de herramientas pedagógicas que le permitan demostrar la efectividad de su desempeño profesional en el proceso de transición educativa. En el cumplimiento de su objetivo se utilizaron métodos teóricos, análisis y síntesis, inductivo deductivo. Métodos empíricos como la observación, la entrevista, encuesta y estadísticos matemático, a través del cálculo porcentual. Es significativo destacar que una vez valorados los resultados demuestran que se obtuvo un sistema de actividades, cuyo impacto generó cambios positivos en el 90% de los docentes, superior con relación a los iniciales. Como parte del estudio realizado se arribó a la conclusión de que el trabajo metodológico diferenciado dirigido a los docentes contribuye al logro del desarrollo de los niños.
Diseases of the Cardiovascular System in HIV-infected Patients: Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Progression
Authors: Козорез Е.И. , Мицура В.М. 
Published: December 2023

ВИЧ-инфекция рассматривается как хроническое контролируемое заболевание. Своевременное назначение антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ) улучшает качество и увеличивает продолжительность жизни пациентов. На этом фоне проявляются сопутствующие заболевания, в том числе сердечно-сосудистые. В настоящем обзоре обсуждаются возможные механизмы и причины прогрессии сосудистых нарушений у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов, определяются факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в зависимости от применяемой схемы АРТ и уровня иммуносупрессии.
HIV infection is considered as a chronic disease that can be controlled.Timely administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality and length of patients’ life. Against this background, concomitant diseases appear, including cardiovascular disorders. This review discusses the possible mechanisms and causes of the progression of vascular disorders in HIV-infected patients, identifies risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, depending on the ART regimen and the immunosuppression level.
HIV-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma and COVID-19 (Сlinical Case)
Authors: Козорез Е.И. , Стома И.О. , Демчило А.П. , Разуванова И.А. 
Published: December 2023

Саркома Капоши (СК) – системное опухолевое многоочаговое заболевание сосудистого генеза с преимущественным поражением кожи, лимфатических узлов и внутренних органов. СПИД-ассоциированная СК чаще встречается у людей с низким уровнем CD4+ лимфоцитов и определяемой вирусной нагрузкой. Локализация на коже является типичной, однако СПИД-ассоциированная СК может поражать практически все внутренние органы. Данные об особенностях влияния COVID-19 на манифестацию и течение оппортунистических инфекций при ВИЧ-инфекции, и в том числе саркомы Капоши, в настоящий момент ограничены. В работе представлено описание клинического случая сочетанного течения двух заболеваний: коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 и ВИЧ-ассоциированной саркомы Капоши. СК у пациентки дебютировала с агрессивного поражения желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) и легких, а после присоединения COVID-19 молниеносно распространилась на кожные покровы. Поздняя диагностика ВИЧ-инфекции, отсутствие антиретровирусной терапии, выраженная иммуносупрессия способствовали неблагоприятному исходу.
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal neoplasm of lymphatic endothelium-derived cells with a primary lesion of the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs. AIDS-associated KS is more common in people with low CD4+ cell count and detectable viral load. Localization on the skin is typical, but AIDS-associated KS can affect almost all internal organs. Data on the features of the impact of COVID-19 on the manifestation and course of opportunistic infections in HIV infection, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, are currently limited. The work presents the description of a clinical case of a combined course of two diseases: coronavirus infection COVID-19 and HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. KS in the patient debuted with an aggressive lesion of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and after the addition of COVID-19, it quickly spread to the skin. Late diagnosis of HIV infection, lack of antiretroviral therapy, severe immunosuppression contributed to the poor outcome.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN UKM
Authors: Sombolayuk Wihalminus 
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the direct influence of government policies on the performance of SMEs. This research is a quantitative study using deductive methods. The number of samples is 180 SME companies in the food and beverage industry as the unit of analysis and analysis, regression with the help of Amos software.
The results of this study indicate that government policies have a direct positive effect on the performance of SME companies. The more quality government policies in developing SME companies will further improve the performance of SME companies.
The novelty of this study is that policy orders through production development programs, marketing, financial human resources, and institutional strengthening of SME companies have a direct and significant positive effect on the performance of SME companies.
EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERIAN POC BMW DENGAN PUPUK KOMPOS KULIT KAKAO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BAWANG DAUN (Allium fistulosum L.)
Authors: Wirsan Wirsan , Karim Harli A , Kandatong Hasanuddin 
Published: December 2023

Produktifitas secara Nasional bawang daun berkisar antara 9,78ton/ha, hal tersebut dikategorikan masih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan potensi maksimum secara deskripsi varietas yang mampu mencapai 17 ton/ha. perlu adanya terobosan teknologi budidaya yang mampu meningkatkan produksi bawang daun yaitu dengan menggunakan pupuk organik cair BMW yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk kompos kulit kakao. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Desa Salubulo, Kecamatan Bambang, Kabupaten Mamasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat, pada bulan Maret 2022 sampai Juni 2022. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk RAK faktorial terdiri dari 2 (dua) faktor yaitu: F1 pemberian pupuk organik cair BMW (B) yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) taraf yaitu: kontrol (tanpa pemberian POC BMW), 2 ml/liter+air, 4 ml/liter+air, dan 6 ml/lier+air. F2 pemberian pupuk kompos kulit kakao terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu: 500gr/bedengan, 1000gr/bedengan, dan 1500gr/bedengan.Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: Pemberian pupuk organik cair BMW dosis 6ml/liter+air (B3) memberikan pengaruh baik pada parameter tinggi tanaman umur 14, 28HST, jumlah daun umur 14, 28HST, jumlah anakan, bobot per rumpun, dan bobot per petak. Pemberian pupuk kompos kulit kakao 500gr/bedengan memberikan pengaruh baik pada parameter tinggi tanaman umur 14, 28HST, banyaknya daun umur 28 HST, jumlah anakan, bobot per rumpun, dan bobot per petak. Interaksi antara pemberian pupuk organik cair BMW dosis 6 ml/lier dengan pupuk kompos kulit kakao 500gr/bedengan (B3K1) memberikan pengaruh baik pada parameter tinggi tanaman umur 14, 28HST, jumlah daun umur 14HST, jumlah anakan, bobot per rumpun, dan bobot per petak