bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Impact of Breast Cancer by Age at Diagnosis
Authors: Kroenke Candyce H. , Rosner Bernard , Chen Wendy Y. , Kawachi Ichiro , Colditz Graham A. , Holmes Michelle D. 
Published: May 2004

Purpose To explore changes in physical and psychosocial function before and after breast cancer by age at diagnosis. Patients and Methods A total of 122,969 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS 2, ages 29 to 71 years, who responded to pre- and postfunctional status assessments were included; 1,082 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1992 and 1997. Functional status was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). Mean change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores was computed across categories representing the combination of incident breast cancer (yes or no) and age at diagnosis (≤ 40, 41 to 64, or 65+ years). Results Compared with women ≤ 40 years without breast cancer, women with breast cancer experienced significant functional declines. Young (age ≤ 40) women who developed breast cancer experienced the largest relative declines in HRQoL (as compared with middle-aged and elderly women) in multiple domains including physical roles (−18.8 v −11.5 and −7.5 points, respectively), bodily pain (−9.0 v −2.7 and −2.7 points), social functioning (−11.3 v −4.3 and −4.4 points) and mental health (−3.1 v 0.0 and +0.4 points). Much of the decline in HRQoL among elderly (age ≥ 65) women with breast cancer was age related. Conclusion Young women may fare worse than middle-aged or elderly women in both physical and psychosocial dimensions after breast cancer diagnosis. The needs of women facing breast cancer may be better understood within a life stage framework.
The Prognostic Significance of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Activation in Human Gliomas
Authors: Chakravarti Arnab , Zhai Gary , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Sarkesh Sormeh , Black Peter M. , Muzikansky Alona , Loeffler Jay S. 
Published: May 2004

Purpose The objectives of this study were to examine activation patterns of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in gliomas and to examine the prognostic significance of PI3K pathway activation using snap-frozen clinical specimens. Materials and Methods Levels of expression of PI3K pathway members were assessed in 92 prospectively collected gliomas through quantitative Western analysis using total and phospho-specific antibodies for PI3K, Akt, and p70s6k. Both expression and expression levels of these PI3K pathway members were correlated with histology, markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3), and with clinical outcome (eg, overall survival). Results It was determined that activation of all three PI3K pathway members were significantly more frequent in glioblastoma multiforme than in non-glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Levels of phospho-PI3K, phospho-Akt, and phospho-p70s6k were all found to be inversely associated with cleaved caspase 3 levels, suggesting PI3K pathway activation is associated with reduced levels of apoptosis. Perhaps most importantly, activation of PI3K pathway members was found to be significantly associated with reduced survival times when all glioma cases were considered in aggregate. When glioblastoma cases were considered separately, the prognostic value of PI3K activation remained significant, suggesting that PI3K activation may directly be associated with radiation resistance, given that this was the only adjuvant therapy administered to this subset of patients. Conclusion Activation of the PI3K pathway is significantly associated with increasing tumor grade, decreased levels of apoptosis, and with adverse clinical outcome in human gliomas. Molecular pathways regulating PI3K activation would appear to be promising targets in the clinical management of glioma patients.
Diagnosis of Deep Septic Thrombophlebitis in Cancer Patients by Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Scanning: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Miceli Marisa , Atoui Rola , Walker Ronald , Mahfouz Tahsine , Mirza Nadeem , Diaz Jose , Tricot Guido , Barlogie Bart , Anaissie Elias 
Published: May 2004

Purpose To determine the role of the fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan in the diagnosis and management of deep septic thrombophlebitis (STP). Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective observational evaluation of FDG-PET in patients with cancer and suspected STP. Retrospective evaluation of patients with cancer and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) who underwent FDG-PET and extremity duplex scan (DS) was also performed. Results Strong venous uptake was observed in FDG-PET of nine STP episodes versus 0 of 27 DVT episodes (P < .001). FDG-PET identified central vein STP in five patients, whereas DS and venography were negative in five and two of these patients, respectively. FDG-PET diagnosis of STP resulted in therapeutic changes in all patients. In four patients, follow-up FDG-PET confirmed resolution. Conclusion In cancer patients, FDG-PET identifies STP even in areas not optimally visualized by DS or venography, distinguishes STP from DVT, and leads to significant therapeutic changes.
Dogmas and controversies in the handling of nitrogenous wastes:5-HT2-like receptors are involved in triggering pulsatile urea excretion in the gulf toadfish,Opsanus beta
Authors: McDonald M. Danielle , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: May 2004

SUMMARYWhen injected arterially, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) has been shown to elicit naturally sized urea pulse events in the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. The goal of the present study was to determine which 5-HT receptor(s) was involved in mediating this serotonergic stimulation of the pulsatile excretion mechanism. Toadfish were surgically implanted with caudal arterial catheters and intraperitoneal catheters and injected with either 8-OH-DPAT (1 μmol kg–1), a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, α-methyl-5-HT (1 μmol kg–1), a 5-HT2 receptor agonist, or ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μmol kg–1) plus α-methyl-5-HT. 8-OH-DPAT injection did not mediate an increase in urea excretion, ruling out the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in pulsatile excretion. However, within 5 min,α-methyl-5-HT injection caused an increase in the excretion of urea in&gt;95% (N=27) of the fish injected, with an average pulse size of 652±102 μmol N kg–1 (N=26). Withα-methyl-5-HT injection there was no corresponding increase in ammonia or [3H]PEG 4000 permeability. Urea pulses elicited byα-methyl-5-HT were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin, which at low doses caused a significant inhibition of pulse size and at higher doses significantly inhibited the occurrence of pulsatile excretion altogether. However, neither 8-OH-DPAT nor α-methyl 5-HT injection had an effect on plasma cortisol or plasma urea concentrations. These findings suggest the involvement of a 5-HT2-like receptor in the regulation of pulsatile urea excretion.
Variation in temperature increases the cost of living in birds
Authors: Pendlebury C. J. , MacLeod M. G. , Bryant D. M. 
Published: May 2004

SUMMARYThe effect of temperature variability on laying birds was studied experimentally, using Japanese quail. Two aspects of temperature variability were investigated: the effects of regular daily variation in temperature, and of a sudden change in temperature. Both of these may become more common as a consequence of climate change. These manipulations were carried out at two levels of food supply. Energy expenditure increased with higher daily temperature variation, and also after a sudden change in temperature, taking several days to settle to a constant level. Manipulating daily temperature variation also resulted in smaller eggs being laid under more variable temperatures, when food quality was also low. The results demonstrate that day-to-day variation in temperature, as well as mean temperature, affects energy expenditure, which can have consequences for egg production.
Fyn Kinase Modulates Synaptotoxicity, But Not Aberrant Sprouting, in Human Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice
Authors: Chin Jeannie , Palop Jorge J. , Yu Gui-Qiu , Kojima Nobuhiko , Masliah Eliezer , Mucke Lennart 
Published: May 2004

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, results in progressive degeneration of synapses and aberrant sprouting of axon terminals. The mechanisms underlying these seemingly opposing cellular phenomena are unclear. We hypothesized that Fyn kinase may play a role in one or both of these processes because it is increased in AD brains and because it is involved in synaptic plasticity and axonal outgrowth. We investigated the effects of Fyn on AD-related synaptotoxicity and aberrant axonal sprouting by ablating or overexpressing Fyn in human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice.On thefyn+/+background, hAPP/amyloid β peptide (Aβ) decreased hippocampal levels of synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic terminals (SIPTs), consistent with previous findings. On thefyn-/-background, hAPP/Aβ did not affect SIPTs. SIPT reductions correlated with hippocampal Aβ levels in hAPP/fyn+/+, but not hAPP/fyn-/-, mice suggesting that Fyn provides a critical link between hAPP/Aβ and SIPTs. Furthermore, overexpression of Fyn exacerbated SIPT reductions in hAPP mice. We also found that the susceptibility of mice to hAPP/Aβ-induced premature mortality was decreased by Fyn ablation and increased by Fyn overexpression. In contrast, axonal sprouting in the hippocampus of hAPP mice was unaffected. We conclude that Fyn-dependent pathways are critical in AD-related synaptotoxicity and that the pathogenesis of hAPP/Aβ-induced neuronal alterations may be mechanistically heterogenous.
Relay Based Closed-Loop Tuning of PID Controllers (Adaption der PID-Reglerparameter im geschlossenen Kreis durch Einkopplung eines Zweipunktreglers)
Authors: Majhi Somanath , Litz Lothar 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A relay based on-line tuning method for PID controllers is presented. Due to a new structure to use the relay for identification reasons the method is well appropriate for a large class of linear and non-linear processes which may have load and noise disturbances. The new structure inserts a relay in parallel to a conventional P, PI or PID controller inducing limit cycle oscillations of small amplitude around the process value. With the limit cycle measurements, a transfer function model of the process dynamics is obtained by a robust identification method. Using a model based tuning algorithm the controller settings are retuned to achieve enhanced performance without disrupting the closed-loop control. The performance of the proposed scheme is discussed by different simulations to show the benefits of the new method.
Priorisierung von Asset Managementaktivitäten für chemische Anlagenausrüstungen: Aussagen aus Ereignisstatistiken (Prioritizing Asset Management Activities for Chemical Plants: Learning from Event Statistics)
Authors: Kroll Andreas 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten des Betriebs chemischer Anlagen sind oft zahlreicher und umfangreicher als die zur Entwicklung und Umsetzung zur Verfügung stehenden Ressourcen. Dies macht eine Priorisierung der Alternativen wünschenswert. Ein im Beitrag untersuchter Teilaspekt einer solchen Priorisierung ist die Vermeidung von unerwünschten Ereignissen. Zur Identifizierung und Gewichtung von möglichen Angriffspunkten erfolgte eine Auswertung von Ereignisstatistiken für die chemische Industrie. Insbesondere wurden Statistiken von Versicherern, Risikoberatern und Störfallmeldestellen analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass Mineralölraffination und Chlor-Alkali-Produktion interessante Zielbranchen sind. Rohre und Rohrleitungen sowie Tanks führen die Liste der verursachenden Anlagenkomponenten an. Korrosion spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei den Ursachen. Etwa ein Viertel der Ereignisse tritt im Nichtnormalbetrieb auf. Menschliche Bedienfehler sind im Durchschnitt am teuersten und verursachen ungefähr ein Viertel aller Störungen. Einige mögliche Beiträge insbesondere der Automatisierungs- und Informationstechnologie zur Verbesserung der Situation werden beschrieben.
Effects of Didanosine Formulations on the Pharmacokinetics of Amprenavir
Authors: Shelton Mark J. , Giovanniello Angela A. , Cloen Denise , Berenson Charles S. , Keil Kim , DiFrancesco Robin , Hewitt Ross G. 
Published: May 2004

Study Objectives. To determine the effects of concurrent, single doses of didanosine (both buffered and encapsulated enteric‐coated bead formulations) on amprenavir steady‐state pharmacokinetics, and to determine the effect of staggered dosing of the buffered formulation.Design. Two‐period, single‐sequence, prospective, open‐label drug interaction study with a 10‐day washout interval.Setting. Clinical research unit.Subjects. Sixteen healthy volunteers without human immunodeficiency virus infection.Intervention. Amprenavir 600 mg twice/day was given for the first 4 days of each treatment period, with 12‐hour pharmacokinetic evaluations conducted on the last 2 days of each period. Amprenavir was administered according to the following sequential treatments (all fasting): amprenavir alone, concurrent with buffered didanosine, 1 hour before buffered didanosine, and concurrent with the encapsulated enteric‐coated bead formulation of didanosine.Measurements and Main Results. Plasma was collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after dosing and assayed for amprenavir by using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Geometric mean ratios for each treatment relative to amprenavir alone were determined and reported with 90% confidence intervals (CIs). No significant trends were noted in predose concentrations measured during either period. Area under the concentration‐time curve during one 12‐hour dosing interval (AUC12) was found to be bioequivalent for all treatments. Peak drug concentration (Cmax) was reduced by 15% on average with concurrent administration of buffered didanosine, and bioequivalence was not demonstrated for this parameter. For concurrent enteric‐coated didanosine, geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUC12 were 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. For buffered didanosine given 1 hour after amprenavir, geometric mean ratios were 1.06 and 1.10 for the same parameters, respectively. No differences were observed in 12‐hour concentration (C12) with concurrent administration of buffered or enteric‐coated didanosine.Conclusion. Amprenavir AUC12 and C12 are not significantly affected by concurrent administration of the buffered or enteric‐coated formulations of didanosine. Therefore, amprenavir may be administered concurrently with either the buffered or the encapsulated enteric‐coated bead formulation of didanosine in the fasting state.
Statin‐Associated Memory Loss: Analysis of 60 Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Wagstaff Leslie R. , Mitton Melinda W. , Arvik Beth McLendon , Doraiswamy P. Murali 
Published: May 2004

Objective. To review case reports of statin‐associated memory loss as well as the available published evidence for and against such a link.Methods. We searched the MedWatch drug surveillance system of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from November 1997‐February 2002 for reports of statin‐associated memory loss. We also reviewed the published literature (using MEDLINE) and prescribing information for these drugs.Results. Of the 60 patients identified who had memory loss associated with statins, 36 received simvastatin, 23 atorvastatin, and 1 pravastatin. About 50% of the patients noted cognitive adverse effects within 2 months of therapy. Fourteen (56%) of 25 patients noted improvement when the statin was discontinued. Memory loss recurred in four patients who were rechallenged with the drug. None of the 60 reported cognitive test results. Two placebo‐controlled trials found no benefits for statins on cognition or disability. One randomized controlled trial of simvastatin found no effects on cerebrospinal amyloid levels. In one small, randomized study, patients receiving statins showed a trend toward lower cognitive performance than those receiving placebo. Five observational studies found a lower risk of dementia among patients receiving statins.Conclusion. Current literature is conflicting with regard to the effects of statins on memory loss. Experimental studies support links between cholesterol intake and amyloid synthesis; observational studies indicate that patients receiving statins have a reduced risk of dementia. However, available prospective studies show no cognitive or antiamyloid benefits for any statin. In addition, case reports raise the possibility that statins, in rare cases, may be associated with cognitive impairment, though causality is not certain.
Pontine hypoplasia in Carey–Fineman–Ziter (CFZ) syndrome
Authors: Maheshwari Akhil , Calhoun Darlene A. , Lacson Atilano , Pereda Lourdes , Nelson Robert M. , Saste Monisha D. , Kousseff Boris , Gieron‐Korthals Maria 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe describe an infant with multiple congenital anomalies including cleft palate and micrognathia, Möbius sequence, developmental delay, myopathy, hydronephrosis, and bilateral clubfeet. These features are consistent with Carey–Fineman–Ziter (CFZ) syndrome (MIM 254940), which has been previously reported in six children (including two sibling pairs). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an unusually small pons, a finding not previously described in CFZ syndrome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internet searching and browsing in a multilingual world: An experiment on the Chinese Business Intelligence Portal (CBizPort)
Authors: Chung Wingyan , Zhang Yiwen , Huang Zan , Wang Gang , Ong Thian‐Huat , Chen Hsinchun 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe rapid growth of the non‐English‐speaking Internet population has created a need for better searching and browsing capabilities in languages other than English. However, existing search engines may not serve the needs of many non‐English‐speaking Internet users. In this paper, we propose a generic and integrated approach to searching and browsing the Internet in a multilingual world. Based on this approach, we have developed the Chinese Business Intelligence Portal (CBizPort), a meta‐search engine that searches for business information of mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Additional functions provided by CBizPort include encoding conversion (between Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese), summarization, and categorization. Experimental results of our user evaluation study show that the searching and browsing performance of CBizPort was comparable to that of regional Chinese search engines, and CBizPort could significantly augment these search engines. Subjects' verbal comments indicate that CBizPort performed best in terms of analysis functions, cross‐regional searching, and user‐friendliness, whereas regional search engines were more efficient and more popular. Subjects especially liked CBizPort's summarizer and categorizer, which helped in understanding search results. These encouraging results suggest a promising future of our approach to Internet searching and browsing in a multilingual world.
Popular music access: The Sony music browser
Authors: Pachet François , La Burthe Amaury , Zils Aymeric , Aucouturier Jean‐Julien 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe intentionally ambiguous expression “Popular Music Browser” reflects the two main goals of this project, which started in 1998, at Sony Computer Science Laboratories. First, we are interested in human‐centered issues related to browsing “Popular Music.” Popular here means that the music accessed is distributed widely and known to many listeners. Second, we consider “popular browsing” of music, i.e., making music accessible to nonspecialists (music lovers) and allowing sharing of musical tastes and information within communities, departing from the usual, single‐user view of digital libraries. This research project covers all areas of the music‐to‐listener chain, from music description, descriptor extraction from the music signal, or data mining techniques, similarity‐based access, and novel music retrieval methods such as automatic sequence generation, and to user interface issues. This article describes the scientific and technical issues at stake and the results obtained, and is illustrated by prototypes developed within the European IST projectCuidado.
Application of soft computing to automatic music information retrieval
Authors: Kostek Bozena 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThere are many problems in the musical signal domain that have not been solved yet. Among such problems are automatic recognition and editing of musical sound patterns, retrieval of audio material, detection of transient states, and articulation features in sounds. It seems that the key challenge is in building inexpensive browsers to retrieve audio material contained in multimedia bases and Internet sites. This overview shows motivation and intermediate and long‐term goals of the research projects that have conducted for several years in the Multimedia Systems Department, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland.
An unforgettable surgery
Authors: Cowden Sharon 
Published: May 2004

AbstractFor more than 50 years, Cancer has explored every facet of malignant disease, including morphology, therapy, epidemiology, biology, historical perspective, and basic science. However, the Editors of Cancer believe that the human beings who bear the burden of this illness have much to teach us, and we now solicit essays from patients and family members about their experience. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Nitroxide Radicals Interacting with Polyamine‐Phenolic Ligands and Their Metal Complexes
Authors: Cangiotti Michela , Formica Mauro , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Micheloni Mauro , Ottaviani M. Francesca , Sampaolesi Sonia 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe have analyzed the interactions of a series of nitroxide radicals with ligands containing a phenol moiety coupled with different polyamine fragments, and their CuII and ZnII complexes, by EPR experiments. Nitroxide radicals are good mimics of the properties of pollutant molecules, e.g., organic compounds having different polarities and charges, surfactants, and polyaromatics. Charged, polar, and low‐polarity sites in the ligands and complexes are all available for interactions; in particular, the ability to entrap the radicals in a vice‐like structure, by the formation of phenyl sandwich complexes, determines the type of selective interaction that occurs when a chain or planar aromatic structure is present. For closely packed complexes, ZnII has a cooperative effect in the interaction with the radical; it allows both the entrance of low‐polarity radicals at the low‐polarity sites of the complex and the interactions of polar or charged radicals at the polar sites of the complexes. Conversely, CuII coordinates to the amino groups of the ligands and blocks the entry of radicals, which, thus, impedes their insertion into the structure of the complexes. The opposite behavior, with respect to that of CuII and ZnII, was found for the complexes that have more open structures. The complexes that have cyclic ligands exhibit a poor ability to interact with radicals, but, for the ligands in the absence of the coordinating metals, the interactions are significantly enhanced as a result of the entrance of the radicals into the cyclic structures. In all cases, stronger interactions occur when both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites are involved. The neutral‐surfactant probe forms aggregates mainly with the cooperative effect of the copper complexes. UV/Vis measurements confirmed the results obtained by EPR and indicate that weak interactions occur between the radicals and the complexes or ligands; they also confirmed the formation of 1:1 adducts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)