bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling lexical semantics in the brain: Comparing internal, external, and hybrid language models
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Luan , de Deyne Simon , Li Bing , Wang Jing , Cai Qing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo explain how the human brain represents and organizes meaning, many theoretical and computational language models have been proposed over the years, varying in their underlying computational principles and in the language samples based on which they are built. However, how well they capture the neural encoding of lexical semantics remains elusive. We used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to evaluate to what extent three models of different types explained neural responses elicited by word stimuli: an External corpus‐based word2vec model, an Internal free word association model, and a Hybrid ConceptNet model. Semantic networks were constructed using word relations computed in the three models and experimental stimuli were selected through a community detection procedure. The similarity patterns between language models and neural responses were compared at the community, exemplar, and word node levels to probe the potential hierarchical semantic structure. We found that semantic relations computed with the Internal model provided the closest approximation to the patterns of neural activation, whereas the External model did not capture neural responses as well. Compared with the exemplar and the node levels, community‐level RSA demonstrated the broadest involvement of brain regions, engaging areas critical for semantic processing, including the angular gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and a large portion of the anterior temporal lobe. The findings highlight the multidimensional semantic organization in the brain which is better captured by Internal models sensitive to multiple modalities such as word association compared with External models trained on text corpora.
The impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policies on loan default risk—Evidence from UK peer‐to‐peer lending platforms
Authors: Vu Anh Nguyet 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of both conventional and unconventional monetary policies on loan default of UK personal and business peer‐to‐peer (P2P) loans. I employ loan book data of Zopa, Lending Works, and MarketFinance, which are three of the most popular UK P2P lending platforms. Survival analysis reveals consistent evidence for the existence of the risk‐taking channel of monetary policy. Monetary easing, be it conventional or unconventional, reduces loan survival in the P2P lending market. This finding delivers useful information for policymakers to rebalance the countervailing effects of expansionary monetary policies on financial stability during the era of alternative financing.
Prognostic factors and novel nomograms for overall survival and cancer specific survival of malignant ovarian cancer patients with bone metastasis: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Luo Ling , Xu Ningze , Liu Yuyang , Zhong Sen , Yang Sheng , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveOvarian cancer (OC) is a frequent and fatal disease in women, and bone metastasis of ovarian cancer (OCBM) leads to a poor survival trend. This study aimed to determine the factors which influence overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of OCBM patients and to develop prognostic predictive models.MethodsData of OCBM patients were stratified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 2010 to 2017 and were randomly divided into training and testing datasets (7:3). Prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analyses and nomograms were then developed. Nomogram models were examined on the discriminative ability and accuracy by calibration plots, Brier score (BS), and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Decision curve analyses (DCA) was used for estimation of the clinical benefit of nomogram models.ResultsGrade, tumor size, tumor metastasis (liver, lung), primary site surgery, chemotherapy, and systemic therapy were realized as independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS, respectively. Agreement between the actual and predicted outcomes was proved by calibration plots. Nomograms performed well in OS and CSS predictions, as shown by area under the ROC curves (AUCs) and BSs for testing dataset as follows: for OS, 3‐/6‐/12‐month AUCs and BSs were 0.778/0.788/0.822 and 19.0/18.5/15.4, respectively; for CSS, 3‐/6‐/12‐month AUCs and BSs were 0.799/0.806/0.832 and 18.1/18.0/15.4, respectively. DCA suggested an agreeable clinical benefit of both nomograms.ConclusionThe nomograms developed for OCBM patients' survival prediction were proved to be accurate, efficient, and clinically beneficial, which were further deployed as web‐based calculators to help in clinical decision making and future studies.
Fertility and anatomical outcomes following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis: An 11‐year retrospective cohort study to validate a new classification system for intrauterine adhesions (Urman‐Vitale Classification System)
Authors: Urman Bulent , Yakin Kayhan , Ertas Sinem , Alper Ebru , Aksakal Ece , Riemma Gaetano , Angioni Stefano , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo propose a new classification system (Urman‐Vitale Classification System) for intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) and to evaluate anatomical and fertility outcomes after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis accordingly.MethodsA retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated over 11 years by a single operator in a tertiary care hospital. Women with sonographic suspicion of IUAs were scheduled for hysterosalpingography (HSG) and hysteroscopy for confirmation and treatment. IUAs were divided into five classes according to symptoms, ultrasound, HSG findings, and postsurgical hysteroscopic appearance. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis was performed using a bipolar cutting electrode in an office setting. Evaluated outcomes were restoration of the uterine cavity, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live birth rates.ResultsA total of 227 patients (479 procedures) were included. Mean number of hysteroscopies increased in frequency with class of adhesions from Class 1 to Class 5 (1.0 ± 0.2 vs 2.3 ± 0.5; P = 0.001). Full restoration of the cavity was achieved in 100% of patients with Class 1 compared with 18.5% for Class 5 (43/43 vs 5/27; P = 0.001). Clinical pregnancy (Class 1 vs Class 4: P = 0.034; 1 vs 5: P = 0.006; 2 vs 5: P = 0.024) and live birth (Class 1 vs Class 4: P = 0.001; 1 vs 5: P = 0.006; 2 vs 4: P = 0.007; 2 vs 5: P = 0.0208) rates decreased with increasing severity of IUAs. Pregnancy loss rate was related to IUA severity (Class 1 vs Class 4: P = 0.012; 1 vs 5: P = 0.003: 2 vs 4: P = 0.014; 2 vs 5: P = 0.021).ConclusionA classification based on symptoms, imaging findings, and postsurgical macroscopic appearance of the uterine cavity could be useful in predicting prognosis and fertility in women with IUAs.
Application program interface for automatic segmentation of retinal layers and fluids in Optical Coherence Tomography ‐ Neovascular Age related Macular degeneration retinal images using deep learning models
Authors: Jeya Prabha A. , Sameera Fathimal M. , Meghana G. R. , Angeline Kirubha S. P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptical coherence tomography is a non‐invasive imaging technique that provides micrometer‐resolution images of retinal structures. These images can assist in identifying changes under the retina's surface, such as edema. This study proposes a novel deep learning model AR U‐Net++ for segmenting retinal layers and fluids. The four retinal layers ILM (Internal Limiting Membrane), IPL (Inner Plexiform Layer), RPE (Retinal Pigment Epithelium), BM (Bruch Membrane), and IRF (Intra Retinal Fluid), SRF (Sub Retinal Fluid), and PED (Pigment Epithelial Detachment) are segmented using AR U‐Net++. The proposed architecture AR U‐Net++ achieves better accuracy (99.67%), mean IoU (0.84), and dice coefficient (0.94) than the existing models of U‐Net, AR U‐Net, and AR W‐Net. The novelty of the suggested model AR U‐Net++ is to identify the exact location and depth of the retinal fluid in between the retinal layers and generating reports that aids the clinicians in the diagnosis of Age related Macular Degeneration.
Feasibility, acceptability, and depression outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of Mindful Self‐Compassion for Teens (MSC‐T) for adolescents with subsyndromal depression
Authors: Bluth Karen , Lathren Christine , Park Jinyoung , Lynch Chanee , Curry John , Harris‐Britt April , Gaylord Susan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents are experiencing high rates of depressive symptoms, with negative consequences to their long‐term health. Group‐based, mindful self‐compassion programs show promise in mitigating the development of more significant depression in at‐risk adolescents. However, the lack of well‐designed, active control conditions has limited the ability to examine the efficacy of such interventions.MethodsFifty‐nine adolescents (Mage = 15.81, 70% female) with subsyndromal depressive symptoms from the Southeastern US were randomized to group‐based Mindful Self‐Compassion for Teens (N = 30) or a newly developed active control Healthy Lifestyles group (N = 29) during 2018 and 2019. Participants attended 8 weekly “main” sessions followed by 6 monthly continuation sessions. The feasibility and acceptability of participation in both groups were measured using attrition, attendance, credibility, and satisfaction data. Depression scores were collected weekly, and self‐compassion scores were collected five times across 36 weeks.ResultsBoth groups were equally feasible and acceptable during the 8‐week program period; however, monthly continuation sessions were poorly attended in both groups. The risk of developing clinically significant depression was 2.6 times higher in the control group compared with the self‐compassion group (p = .037) across 36 weeks. Depression significantly decreased in the self‐compassion group, while it significantly increased in the control group. Both groups increased significantly in reports of self‐compassion. These findings are on par with results noting the efficacy of cognitive‐based interventions for high‐risk adolescents; follow‐up studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to confirm these findings.ConclusionsInitial examination suggests Mindful Self‐Compassion for Teens programming is feasible, acceptable, and efficacious in preventing the development of clinically significant depression in adolescents with subsyndromal depression. Future studies may benefit from refinements to the self‐compassion measurement and/or the attention control condition; moreover, larger sample sizes are needed to confirm results.
Lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B): A key regulator of cancer drug resistance
Authors: Cao Yaquan , Wu Chunli , Ma Liying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChemoresistance, a roadblock in the chemotherapy process, has been impeding its effective treatment. KDM5B, a member of the histone demethylase family, has been crucial in the emergence and growth of malignancies. More significantly, KDM5B has recently been linked closely to cancer's resistance to chemotherapy. In this review, we explain the biological properties of KDM5B, its function in the emergence and evolution of cancer treatment resistance, and our hopes for future drug resistance‐busting combinations involving KDM5B and related targets or medications.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of interstitial extracellular vesicles in human liver as determined by electron tomography
Authors: Olofsson Bagge Roger , Berndtsson Jens , Urzì Ornella , Lötvall Jan , Micaroni Massimo , Crescitelli Rossella 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanoparticles involved in cell‐cell communication that are released into the extracellular space by all cell types. The cargo of EVs includes proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites reflecting their cell of origin. EVs have recently been isolated directly from solid tissues, and this may provide insights into how EVs mediate communication between cells in vivo. Even though EVs have been isolated from tissues, their point of origin when they are in the interstitial space has been uncertain. In this study, we performed three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction using transmission electron tomography of metastatic and normal liver tissues with a focus on the presence of EVs in the interstitium. After chemical fixation of the samples and subsequent embedding of tissue pieces in resin, ultrathin slices (300 nm) were cut and imaged on a 120 ekV transmission electron microscopy as a tilt series (a series of subsequent images tilted at different angles). These were then computationally illustrated in a 3D manner to reconstruct the imaged tissue volume. We identified the cells delimiting the interstitial space in both types of tissues, and small distinct spherical structures with a diameter of 30–200 nm were identified between the cells. These round structures appeared to be more abundant in metastatic tissue compared to normal tissue. We suggest that the observed spherical structures in the interstitium of the metastatic and non‐metastatic liver represent EVs. This work thus provides the first 3D visualization of EVs in human tissue.
Utility of panenteric capsule endoscopy for the detection of small‐bowel Crohn's disease in patients with a normal magnetic resonance enterography: A prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Bohra Anuj , Lewis Diana , Segal Jonathan P , Vasudevan Abhinav , Van Langenberg Daniel R , Niewiadomski Olga 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimCapsule endoscopy allows the direct visualization of the small bowel. We examined the diagnostic utility of a new modality, namely panenteric Crohn's capsule endoscopy (CE), in detecting active small‐bowel Crohn's disease (CD) in those with normal magnetic resonance enterography (MRE).MethodsWe prospectively recruited patients with a diagnosis of CD or suspected small‐bowel CD in whom the MRE was normal. Inclusion criteria included abdominal symptoms and abnormal serum or fecal biomarkers. The primary outcome was the detection of active small‐bowel CD (measured through the Lewis score [LS]). Secondary outcomes included change in Montreal classification for those with a pre‐existing CD diagnosis, change in medical therapy, clinical activity, and biomarkers at baseline and 6 months, and quality‐of‐life measures.ResultsA total of 22 patients with a diagnosis of CD or suspected new diagnosis were recruited, with CE complete to the caecum in 21 and 18/21 (86%) showing evidence of active small‐bowel CD (LS > 135). Of the patients with a pre‐existing diagnosis of CD, 9/11 (82%) had a change in Montreal classification. At 6 months following CE, 17/18 (94%) had clinician‐directed change in therapy. This correlated with an improvement in the quality of life (P < 0.05 as per the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire), a reduction in the Harvey Bradshaw index (median: 7–4, P < 0.001), and favorable CRP and albumin response.ConclusionCrohn's CE is a useful diagnostic test for assessing active small‐bowel CD when imaging is normal but clinical suspicion is high. Crohn's CE should be integrated into the diagnostic algorithm for small‐bowel CD.
NAAG synthetase deficiency has only low influence on pathogenesis in a Canavan disease mouse model
Authors: Becker Ivonne , Wang‐Eckhardt Lihua , Eckhardt Matthias 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCanavan disease (CD) is a leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) hydrolase aspartoacylase (ASPA). Inability to degrade NAA and its accumulation in the brain results in spongiform myelin degeneration. NAA is mainly synthesized by neurons, where it is also a precursor of the neuropeptide N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG). Hydrolysis of this peptide by glutamate carboxypeptidases is an additional source of extracellular NAA besides the instant neuronal release of NAA. This study examines to what extent NAA released from NAAG contributes to NAA accumulation and pathogenesis in the brain of Aspanur7/nur7 mutant mice, an established model of CD. Towards this aim, Aspanur7/nur7 mice with additional deficiencies in NAAG synthetase genes Rimklb and/or Rimkla were generated. Loss of myelin in Aspanur7/nur7 mice was not significantly affected by Rimkla and Rimklb deficiency and there was also no obvious change in the extent of brain vacuolation. Astrogliosis was slightly reduced in the forebrain of Rimkla and Rimklb double deficient Aspanur7/nur7 mice. However, only minor improvements at the behavioral level were found. The brain NAA accumulation in CD mice was, however, not significantly reduced in the absence of NAAG synthesis. In summary, there was only a weak tendency towards reduced pathogenic symptoms in Aspanur7/nur7 mice deficient in NAAG synthesis. Therefore, we conclude that NAAG metabolism has little influence on NAA accumulation in Aspanur7/nur7 mice and development of pathological symptoms in CD.
Characterization of orthopedic manifestations in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II using data from 15 years of the Hunter Outcome Survey
Authors: Link Bianca , Botha Jaco , Giugliani Roberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) is a rare, life‐limiting lysosomal storage disease caused by reduced iduronate‐2‐sulfatase activity. Patients experience broad ranging signs and symptoms, including bone and joint manifestations. This study reported on orthopedic involvement and management in patients with MPS II using 15 years of data from the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS). Of the 245 patients in the study population, 90.2% had skeletal deformity (median onset, 2.8 years), 76.7% had upper body stiffness (onset, 4.2 years), and 61.2% had lower body stiffness (onset, 5.3 years); 63.7% of patients had at least three joint manifestations. Orthopedic manifestations were common in adults and children with MPS II, and in patients with and without cognitive impairment. Joint range of motion (JROM) was restricted in all joints assessed (shoulder, elbow, hip, wrist, knee, and ankle). Little correlation was observed between JROM measurements, subjective reports of joint stiffness and limited function, and 6‐minute walk test results. Patients with joint stiffness and limited function were generally more likely to have central and peripheral nervous system, pulmonary, and cardiovascular manifestations than those without these symptoms. Carpal tunnel decompression was the most common orthopedic surgery (recorded in 49/245 patients [20.0%]), but orthopedic surgeries were uncommon overall. Our findings highlight the need for routine monitoring of orthopedic manifestations using multiple assessment types in patients with MPS II to help inform clinical decision‐making and improve patient quality of life. They also underline the contribution of factors other than orthopedic manifestations to the walking ability of patients with MPS II.
Virological characteristics and the rapid antigen test as deisolation criteria in immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Sung‐Woon , Kim Jun‐Won , Kim Ji Yeun , Lim So Yun , Jang Choi‐Young , Chang Euijin , Yang Jeong‐Sun , Kim Kyung‐Chang , Jang Hee‐Chang , Kim Dasol , Shin Younmin , Lee Joo‐Yeon , Kim Sung‐Han 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are limited data supporting current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for the isolation period in moderate to severely immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Adult COVID‐19 patients who underwent solid organ transplantation (SOT) or received active chemotherapy against hematologic malignancy were enrolled and weekly respiratory samples were collected. Samples with positive genomic real‐time polymerase chain reaction results underwent virus culture and rapid antigen testing (RAT). A total of 65 patients (40 with hematologic malignancy and 25 SOT) were enrolled. The median duration of viable virus shedding was 4 weeks (interquartile range: 3–7). Multivariable analysis revealed that B‐cell depletion (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.76) was associated with prolonged viral shedding, and COVID‐19 vaccination (≥3 doses) was negatively associated with prolonged viral shedding (HR: 0.22). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RAT for viable virus shedding were 79%, 76%, 74%, and 81%, respectively. The negative predictive value of RAT was only 48% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33–65) in the samples from those with symptom onset ≤20 days, but it was as high as 92% (95% CI: 85–96) in the samples from those with symptom onset >20 days. About half of immunocompromised COVID‐19 patients shed viable virus for ≥4 weeks from the diagnosis, and virus shedding was prolonged especially in unvaccinated patients with B‐cell‐depleting therapy treatment. RAT beyond 20 days in immunocompromised patients had a relatively high negative predictive value for viable virus shedding.
Resurgence of influenza during COVID‐19 in Chongqing, China: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Zhourong , Xiong Yu , Long Jiang , Li Tingting , Fu Xiaoqing , Yang Shuang , Tian Dechao , Zhao Yong , Qi Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo better understand the trends of influenza and the impact of public health and social measures (PHSMs) implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) period in Chongqing, China. Data from the China Influenza Surveillance Information System from January 2017 to June 2022 were extracted. Epidemiological characteristics (influenza‐like illness [ILI] and ILI%) and virological characteristics (influenza positive rate and circulating (sub)types) of influenza were described and compared between the pre‐COVID‐19 period and the COVID‐19 period. Our survey showed that the implementation of PHSMs during the COVID‐19 period had a positive impact on reducing influenza transmission. However, influenza activity resurged in 2021–2022 as the PHSMs were eased. Children under 5 years old constituted the highest proportion of ILI cases. The overall influenza positive rate was 23.70%, with a higher rate observed during the pre‐COVID‐19 period (31.55%) compared to the COVID‐19 period (13.68%). Influenza virus subtypes co‐circulated and the predominant subtype varied each year, with influenza A subtypes predominated in 2018/2019, while influenza B/Victoria lineage dominated in 2020/2021. PHSMs are effective measures to mitigate the spread of influenza. The findings underscore the need for bolstering monitoring systems, advocating influenza vaccination, and implementing practical PHSMs to strengthen prevention and control measures against influenza.