bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destination loyalty and repeat behaviour: an application of optimum stimulation measurement
Authors: Niininen Outi , Szivas Edith , Riley Michael 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper reports on a study of consumer loyalty in the holiday destination selection process. The study does not define loyalty, but attempts to contribute to an understanding of the concept by applying a psychological measure of variety seeking directly to patterns of holiday destination choice. The measure used is based on the optimum stimulation level (OSL) concept. The guiding proposition in this study was that tourists with a high need for variety would display a varied pattern in their vacation destination selection and this assumption is modestly supported by the empirical findings. The results suggest that further experimentation with the OSL would be fruitful when combined with attitudinal measures and with precisely defined sets of tourist behaviours. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceiving desertification from the lay perspective in northern China
Authors: Lee H. F. , Zhang D. D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn recent years it has become increasingly recognized that resolving desertification is better achieved by winning over the local population than by imposing an ‘expert’ solution from above. However, little research has so far been conducted into the environmental perceptions of the general public in China. This study aimed to contribute to this important area of research by empirically exploring the lay public's environmental perceptions regarding desertification in Minqin County in Gansu Province, northern China. The study adopted as its theoretical underpinnings Zube and Sell'sProcess Model of the Perception of, and Response to, Environmental Change(1986). The primary data was collected via a questionnaire survey (n = 1138) administered between 14 and 31 December 2002. The major findings of the questionnaire survey were: (1) although many respondents were aware of desertification, they did not fully understand the various issues involved; (2) respondents' perceptions of desertification were significantly affected by their personal attributes; and (3) there was a considerable difference in the way in which desertification in Minqin County was perceived by experts and laymen respectively. As far as the policy implications of these findings are concerned, two approaches are essential to encourage self‐motivated social participation to resolve desertification in Minqin County: (1) the different perceptions of laymen and experts of the problem must be addressed at the outset in the formulation of any desertification‐mitigating policies; and (2) any attempts to educate the lay public should not assume the existence of a homogenous community of like‐minded people. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field study on superheater tubes in the loop seal of a wood fired CFB plant
Authors: Nafari A. , Nylund A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo full scale superheaters were exposed in the loop seal of a 30 MW wood‐fired CFB plant in Nässjö, Sweden, for one firing season each. Some austenitic steel tubes from the first tube bundle were reinstalled in the second superheater. The superheater tubes were made from one ferritic steel, X10 (Fe8.8Cr) and three austenitic steels; Esshete 1250 (Fe15Cr9Ni6Mn), 347H (Fe17Cr11Ni) and AC66 (Fe27Cr32Ni). Commercial coatings mainly on iron, nickel and carbide base were deposited on some of the X10 and 347H tubes.The material wastage kinetics was non‐linear showing that pure corrosion and not erosion‐corrosion is the major degradation mechanism in the loop seal. It is however clear that the environment is not very aggressive and the corrosion attack on the uncoated tubes is very small. The largest oxide thickness was only about 150 μm recorded on the X10 alloy. The austenitic steels mainly suffered from internal corrosion and grain boundary corrosion, the extent and distribution of which strongly depended on the alloy composition. Generally, it was more pronounced in the regions with the thinnest deposit layers.Eight out of 17 coating qualities tested were unaffected by the exposure. Corrosion was only recorded on the lowest alloyed iron based coatings. The only coatings which could not resist the conditions in the loop seal were the carbide containing Metco 3006 and Metco 3007, where severe oxidation and delamination took place. Also the thermally sprayed Inconel 625 coating delaminated, but this was rather due to a mechanical failure resulting from thermal expansion.
An irreversible thermodynamic model for semicrystalline polymers submitted to multisequence loading at large strain
Authors: Mrabet Kaïs , Rahouadj Rachid , Cunat Christian 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSome relaxation tests under uniaxial tension were performed to characterize the relaxed state of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). These experimental results are necessary to describe and model the mechanical response in large strain by using the distribution of nonlinear relaxation (DNLR) approach developed by Cunat et al. [5–7, 10]. After recalling this thermodynamic formalism, we propose a new model to describe the relaxed state corresponding to a stationary non‐equilibrium state. This model can be obtained after two distinct internal reorganization “families” are considered. The first one is related to the relaxation mechanisms that depend on the applied strain rate (the viscous contribution of the response). The second is related to the mechanisms that are independent of the strain rate (perfect plastic contribution). In addition, the description of the equilibrium state is based on the physical contribution related to the amorphous chains' conformation changes during the applied extension (of an entropic nature). The interactions between macromolecular chains (of an energetic nature) are neglected at the equilibrium state. An example of multisequence loading simulation is discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:42–51, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers
RHYMES AND ‘RUSTY WORDS’ IN MARCABRU'S SONGS
Authors: Harvey Ruth 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
This article explores a selection of issues concerning troubadour versification which are the products of insights gained in the course of preparing the new critical edition of the works of Marcabru. The manuscript evidence and editorial interpretation of this suggest that some pieces in the corpus of this poet's surviving songs contain irregularities in the quality, position and sequence of rhymes, features which flout the normative versificatory practice usually associated with the troubadour lyric. It is argued that these irregularities are authorial. At the same time, other compositions, though employing common rhyme-schemes, show evidence of the early use of complex metrical devices deployed by the poet to ensure a perfectly accurate rhyme-sound. Two pieces which feature a large number of instances of two rare rhyme-sounds are analysed in detail for the light they shed on the lexical range and resources exploited by Marcabru and on the self-conscious technical mastery of this poet. (The full texts and an English translation of these songs are given in an appendix.) It is suggested that Marcabru is both a more casual and a more accomplished rhymester than has generally been recognized.
LA PREMIÈRE FEMME: THE MOTHER'S RESURRECTION IN THE WORK OF CAMUS AND IRIGARAY
Authors: Anderson Kirsteen H. R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

The 'murdered' mother underpins the thinking of two of the most explicitly ethical thinkers of the twentieth-century French tradition. Both Camus and Irigaray challenge the totalitarian rationalities ‐ whether political or masculinist ‐ of their cultural moment, and posit the value of sexual difference for cultural survival. The line separating narrative discourse from philosophy is blurred by the recourse of both writers to the inspirational power of the image as symbol and myth. Camus's fictional representation of the disintegration of the male subject as moral agent, undermined by its own repressed m/other, anticipates imaginatively Irigaray's more theoretical demand for the recognition of distinct female and male subjects as the prerequisite of a democratic ethics. It thus prefigures the shift from the absolutism and universalism of modernist epistemology and traditional ethical discourse to the pluralist and communitarian emphasis of contemporary feminist ethical thinking. The guilt, and psychological claustrophobia, experienced by Camus's isolated male protagonists derive from a conception of (self-)judgement unmitigated by love which originates in the imbalanced idealization of the maternal figure. Irigaray's vision of the divine as horizontal transcendence, where distinct female and male subjects assume responsibility and love for the other, offers an alternative, which
L'Homme révolté
could not do, to the sacrificial economy of patriarchy.
VITESSES DE L'IMAGE, PUISSANCES DE LA PENSÉE: LA PHILOSOPHIE ÉPICURIENNE REVUE PAR DELEUZE ET GUATTARI
Authors: Cooper Melinda 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Deleuze's work on the image has recently attracted considerable attention both in the field of philosophy and media or art studies. In this text, I argue that the Deleuzian image is genetic rather than mimetic – hence a radical break with representational philosophies, even in their most 'deconstructed' contemporary form. It is well known that Deleuze's conception of the image owes much to the philosophy of Henri Bergson (Deleuze is particularly indebted to the first chapter of
Matière et mémoire
, where Bergson outlines a 'convergent' theory of the relation between the image and matter). Yet Deleuze consistently conceives of the image in terms of speed and this points to a further source in Epicurian philosophy (including both the works of Epicurus and his Latin disciple Lucretius). It is with reference to the Epicurian method of 'analogy and grading' that Deleuze establishes a scale of image and thought in terms of speed. According to this scale, the highest power attainable by thought can be figured as an infinite speed, and when the image reaches this summit it becomes both virtual and self-generating. The virtual image creates its own universe, via a movement of perpetual exchange with other images, and yet remains purely dissipative, that is to say, dispossessed of all chronological presence. This scale also allows Deleuze to derive the world of representational thought through a process of speed-reduction – what Deleuze calls the world or the face is for him the result of a simple loss in speed. To the extent that the construction of the plane of immanence involves an infinite acceleration of thought, the fundamental gesture of Deleuzian philosophy could be characterized as a dissolution of the face (of the other).
Autobiography and the Holocaust: An Examination of the Liminal Generation in France
Authors: Jaron Steven 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

This paper examines the autobiographical writings of three French writers, philosopher Sarah Kofman, novelist Georges Perec and historian Pierre Vidal-Naquet, who as Jewish children spent part of the Second World War in hiding and who suffered the loss of one or both parents. In the course of this study I compare the narrative forms their respective
réits d'enfance
take, suggesting their common features as well as their differences. The experience of childhood is the most salient feature in these works, and its identification allows me to propose a term to describe them. I call child survivors of the War members of the
liminal
generation. While the form of their expression differs considerably from one to the other, what permits me to gather them together is the evocation of a condition at once historical, existential and psychical, which I understand, drawing on Freud, as
entre-deux
.
Trinitarian Unity in
La Tentation de saint Antoine
Authors: Pasco Allan H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Flaubert talked repeatedly of 'un nouveau plan' he was creating for the last version of
La Tentation de saint Antoine
(1874). This design remains puzzling despite the work of superb critics. It may be possible, however, to gain further understanding by paying particular attention to the many references to the Christian Triune God and to Athanasius, the theologian who, ably seconded by Antoine, was important in the fourth-century definition of Trinity. The novel's first three parts present the major categories of sin, which of course can be summarized as rebellion against God. The second three parts insist on the importance of the spiritual heresies (Part IV), the heretical gods formed from matter (Part V), and the heresy of philosophical idealism (Part VI). Finally, the saint turns to reality where spirit, body and mind are united (Part VII). He discovers this trinity in a 'simple' cell and in himself. Accepting himself as a human being, he bows to God and receives the reward of peace and, as well, a vision of the Trinity.
Reading Across Genres: Froissart's
Joli Buisson de Jonece
and Machaut's Motets
Authors: Huot Sylvia 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

In the
Joli Buisson de Jonece
, his last
dit amoureux
, Jean Froissart narrates a dream in which he was granted a final meeting with the lady of whom he wrote in his earlier
Espinette amoureuse
. Despite the high hopes raised by this meeting, the protagonist fails to integrate himself into the allegorical world of love; upon awakening, he renounces these youthful follies and composes a poem to the Virgin. The passage from erotic to spiritual love and from dream to wakefulness is marked by an allusion to a motet from Reims — composed by Guillaume de Machaut — which the dreamer was singing just before he awoke. Verbal and thematic parallels link Froissart's poem with three of Machaut's motets, each of which combines erotic and spiritual registers in a multifaceted vision of amorous suffering and fulfilment. One could say that Froissart unravels the fantasies of the erotic dream through an implicit reading of the
dit amoureux
through the lens of the vernacular motet.
Les Tragiques
D'Agrippa D'Aubigné: Les Qualités D'un Témoignage Ou Écho D'une Histoire Qui Est Arrivée Et D'une Histoire Qui Aurait Pu Être
Authors: Conacher Agnès 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

La critique actuelle des
Tragiques
de d'Agrippa d'Aubigné est souvent rebelle à une lecture générique de ce texte qui efface et nie constamment la généricité dont il semble relever. Plutôt que de renoncer à une analyse générique, il est possible d'intégrer et d'unifier la pluralité des genres à l'œuvre sous la catégorie du témoignage, surtout si on définit ce dernier comme ‘un récit palimpseste’, (suivant Salman Rushdie), soit un récit hanté par le fantôme d'une autre histoire. Toujours sur le point de d'être quelque chose mais sans jamais le devenir, le témoignage peut être perçu comme un genre littéraire inclusif plutôt qu'exclusif. En tenant pour acquis le rôle de témoin de d'Aubigné, les critiques ont souvent tenu pour acquis la présence du témoignage, mais sans jamais véritablement montrer comment ce genre constituait le texte lui‐même. Cet article propose une lecture des
Tragiques
comme témoignage en exploitant le fait que ce texte est constamment sur le point de devenir une épopée (classique) mais ne le devient jamais vraiment. Ainsi, dans les deux premiers livres, le récit, accrédité par la présence de d'Aubigné, le soldat, peut être considéré comme ‘une épopée du et au quotidien’; puis dans les livres IV et V, la narration assurée par d'Aubigné, le survivant, transforme l'épopée en une épopée ‘négative’. Enfin, dans les deux derniers livres, le récit authentifié par d'Aubigné, témoin de Dieu, oriente le texte vers une épopée mystique.
Counterpoint in Mallarmé's ‘L'Après‐Midi D'un Faune’
Authors: Holmes Anne 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
‘Counterpoint in Mallarmé's L'Après‐midi d'un faune’ examines the value of studying this poem from a musical perspective, that of counterpoint and therefore polyphony. It prefaces this discussion with a brief survey of Mallarme's attitude to the musical potential of the alexandrine. Counterpoint is presented first in the narrow technical sense employed by Gerard Manley Hopkins. Three passages which Mallarmé set in italics in opposition to the maintext are first examined. Secondly, the technique of the alexandrin en escalier is treated for its similar ‘mounting’ of a secondary rhythm on a primary one. Thirdly Mallarmè's use of ‘enjambement’ on a rich rhyme shows him again bringing together opposed techniques and creating a double rhythm. Finally, the articles deals with contrapuntal effects of a general kind. Taking up Bertrand Marchal's suggestion that there is a contrapuntal tension between memory and desire throughout the poem, the articles considers each drive, finding desire the motivating force to which dream is set contrapuntally. It traces how the initial contradiction betwen the two drives leads to their increasing interdependence and final amalgamation, the traditional pattern of musical counterpoint.
‘La Parure’: Pour Une Pragmatique de la Défamiliarisation
Authors: Place‐Verghnes Floriane 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Au vu de sa concision, de sa popularité et de sa structure (retournement final), la nouvelle de Maupassant ‘La Parure’ se prête idéalement à une étude de la réception. Il s'agira de définir puis de catégoriser les divers moyens employés par l'auteur pour s'assurer la coopération inconditionnée de son lecteur (contrat de communication), le tout afin de mieux le dérouter (
défamiliarisation
), de sorte que la révélation finale produise sur lui un certain impact (résonance). L'analyse aura recours à quelques précurseurs de la pragmatique moderne en faisant appel à la linguistique (
speech acts
) et à la narratologie ainsi qu'à d'autres nouvelles thématiquement similaires mais structurellement différentes (‘Les Bijoux’, de Maupassant; ‘The Gift of the Magi’, d'O. Henry; ‘Paste’, d'Henry James).

Tout acte pragmatique nécessite que le lecteur
suspende son incrédulité
. Cette suspension passe par l'établissement d'éléments relevant de la cognition collective (familiarisation) qui, sous couvert d'effet de réel, entérinent en fait la vraisemblance contextuelle de récit. A ces jalons socio‐culturels s'ajoutent divers indices, qui ensemble, poussent le lecteur à formuler des attentes afin de combler le blanc textuel. Attentes qui seront d'abord retardées (suspense) avant d'être infirmées, initiant ainsi une multiplication des perspectives de lecture.
Wild Thing: Noble Savages, Exoticisms and Postcolonial Space in Jacques‐Stephen Alexis's
Les Arbres Musiciens
Authors: Munro Martin 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

This paper analyses occurrences of exoticism, firstly in European culture, and notably in
Surrealist
discourse, scientific racism, and in the work of Gobineau. This theoretical framework is then used to discuss an example of a wild man/noble savage figure in Jacques‐Stephen Alexis's
Les Arbres musiciens
. The apparent incongruity of a postcolonial author reproducing a figure so charged with Eurocentric, exoticist impulses is examined in detail. Through a comparison with instances of European exoticism, I show how the wild man figure is invariably evoked in periods of social and political change. The novel describes historical events of American neo‐colonialism in Haiti, in particular the clearing of the land for new sugar plantations, and the Church‐ and government‐led
campagne anti‐superstitieuse
. The paper argues that it is this moment of modernity that creates the sense of crisis which in turn leads to the invocation of the exotic. Importantly, I do not see this as a case of a postcolonial author
self
‐exoticizing, but show that the society described is one built on internal divisions (of race and class), and that from Alexis's position as an urban bourgeois, the Haitian peasantry, and especially the wild man figure must be seen as internal ‘others’. The paper ultimately calls for a reinterpretation of dualistic visions of postcolonial space; the classic inside/outside dichotomy is shown to be untenable as processes of exclusion and inclusion, and gradations of ‘authenticity’ and belonging are exposed within Haitian society.
Encountering and Countering the ‘Uncanny’ in Descartes's
Méditations
Authors: McCallam David 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Starting with a discussion of what constitutes the ‘Uncanny’ for Freud and the lesser known Jentsch, the essay reveals how both theories of the ‘Uncanny’ find a surprisingly fertile field of investigation and application in Descartes's
Méditations
. These texts contain a series of remarkable manifestations of the ‘Uncanny’: men possessed by mad ideas, magical transformations, malign spirits, automata and instances of the castration complex at work. The essay contends that Descartes comes upon such atavistic and animistic thoughts in his
Méditations
as he rigorously exercises his method of hyperbolic doubting, first developed in his
Discours de la méthode
. This is specifically the case in his consideration of madness and of the phenomenon of melting wax. Yet having touched upon, even unleashed, these primitive and irrational thought processes, Descartes has then to reintegrate them into the reasoned, theological project of the
Méditations
. He does this, the essay argues, by invoking the
Cogito
; but it is invoked less as a logically deduced first premise than, discursively, as a spell to ward off the various, disruptive forces of the ‘Uncanny’ intruding upon his reasoning. It is in this way that the ‘Uncanny’ is encountered, then countered in Descartes's texts.
‘UN SOIN QUE JE ME DOIS’: SELF-REGARDING VIRTUES IN ROUSSEAU’S DIALOGUES’
Authors: Di Palma Marco 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

The article sets itself three interconnected tasks: first, to provide a fresh interpretation of the ethical and political status and meaning of Rousseau’s
Dialogues
, both independently and in the light of Rousseau’s other writings; second, to offer a revisionary commentary on Jean Starobinski’s reading of the same text, which it holds to be fundamentally misconceived; third, to show how the quest for a private good in the context of Stoic and Epicurean horizons defines that work’s moral possibilities. The
Dialogues
convey no aesthetic retreat from Rousseau’s earlier philosophy, as Starobinski argues, but rather its vindication as an ongoing task for moral liberty. Through his principal
alter ego
, ‘Jean-Jacques’, Rousseau practises a rationally disciplined spiritual hygienics for personal autonomy, one advanced by the cultivation of marked dispositions through the virtues appropriate to his condition. Wisdom, justice, simplicity, temperance and prudence are exercised in the pursuit of the ‘vie simple et laborieuse’ by which ‘Jean-Jacques’ services the purity of intention that wills according to a Providential order.