bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategizing and the Sense of Context: Reflections on the First Two Weeks of the Liverpool Docks Lockout, September-October 1995
Authors: Barker Colin , Lavalette Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Late on the afternoon of Monday September 25, 1995, a group of young Liverpool dockers were told to work an extra hour at the end of their shift. Their company, Torside, subcontracted their labor to the main docks employer, the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company (MDHC). The instruction breached existing union agreements. Men required to work overtime were supposed to be given notice two hours before the end of a shift and to be paid in two-hour blocks. But that afternoon the young Torside dockers were given just half an hour’s notice and told they would receive only one hour’s pay. Five men refused, stating that they had already made arrangements for the evening (one, for example, had to pick up his children). In any case, they argued, agreements were being breached. At the end of the shift, these five walked off the ship they were working. They were met by James Bradley, Torside’s managing director, who immediately sacked them. The other fifteen workers on their team left the ship to find out what was happening. They were told to return to work immediately. When they refused, Bradley sacked them as well.
The Torside stewards’ committee called a workforce meeting in the canteen for 8 A.M. on Tuesday. Five Torside dockers, working elsewhere in the port, were given permission by their foreman to leave their ship to attend. At the meeting, the stewards advised that the matter could be negotiated and that the remaining Torsiders, sixty of them, should go to work while talks proceeded.
Sophocles Antigone
Authors: Gibbons Reginald , Segal Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oedipus, the former ruler of Thebes, has died. Now, when his young daughter Antigone defies her uncle, Kreon, the new ruler, because he has prohibited the burial of her dead brother, she and he enact a primal conflict between young and old, woman and man, individual and ruler, family and state, courageous and self-sacrificing reverence for the gods of the earth and perhaps self-serving allegiance to the gods of the sky. Echoing through western culture for more than two millennia, Sophocles’ Antigone has been a touchstone of thinking about human conflict and human tragedy, the role of the divine in human life, and the degree to which men and women are the creators of their own destiny. This exciting new translation of the play is extremely faithful to the Greek, eminently playable, and poetically powerful. For readers, actors, students, teachers, and theatrical directors, this new translation of one of the greatest plays in the history of the western world provides the best combination of contemporary, powerful language, along with superb background and notes on meaning, interpretation, and ancient beliefs, attitudes, and contexts.
Theology and the Turn to Cultural Analysis
Authors: Davaney Sheila Greeve 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As advocates of various intellectual disciplines, methodologies, and institutional locations, scholars often seek to identify and to stress the differences that divide our work or perspective from other orientations. It is by exploiting those differences and arguing that what divides us matters the most that we are able to establish the purported superiority of our own field or position over that of our rivals. There are indeed differences that, as Richard Bernstein has argued, “make a difference.” There are conflicting assumptions and commitments that divide us, and even where we seem to agree on matters, we often interpret their implications in incompatible ways.
Creating a Liberating Culture: Latinas’ Subversive Narratives
Authors: Isasi-Díaz Ada María 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conviction underlying mujerista theology is that the religious understandings and practices of Latinas living in the United States have liberative value. Once again I have gathered the stories of these women and collected their insights, this time on issues of embodiment and sexuality. These are women who struggle for survival and “un poquito de justicia,” a little bit of justice.Out of a sense of justice to Latinas whose voices, whose lives, are hardly ever taken into consideration by academics or by society at large, we have not wavered in our commitment to provide a platform for them in mujerista theology. Our faith-fulness to their stories, to their understandings and insights, and our ongoing commitment to privilege their preferred future is also grounded in a firm conviction that it is precisely their vision of the future that will bring us closer to the kin-dom of God. It is not that Latinas are morally superior. It is because they benefit so little from the present structures and arrangements, because they have so little to protect in the present, that they can really look for and see a radically different future. a liberating future. We have included the voices of Latinas in our theological elaborations in mujerista theology because we believe in the ongoing revelation of the divine in the lives of the poor and the oppressed and because we believe that Latinas are capable of knowing and explaining what they believe and the role those beliefs play in their lives.
Votán-Zapata: Theological Discourse in Zapatista Political Struggle
Authors: Taylor Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With these words, Marcos, the major spokesman for the Zapatista guerilla movement, showed his profound respect for discourse and language. His quote from Foucault came at the beginning of his 1980 licenciatura thesis in the School of Philosophy and Letters (UNAM—National Autonomous University of Mexico), when he was known as Rafael Sebastién Guillén Vicente. Fifteen years later, after some years in the classroom and ten more in the jungle learning the ways of social transformation from poor indigenous communities, he emerged as an active guerilla leader. His awareness of the power of discourse, though, remained very much in evidence. In fact, it may be his power of the pen—writing stories for children, creating narratives of self-parody, retelling Maya mythology, issuing communiques over the Internet—which has presented a new vision of leftist struggle that has captured the imagination of much of Mexico and the world. Marcos has been described as “the other ladino,” the person of Spanish descent in Mexico who, unlike the Spanish conquerors who stole and burned early Maya’s written words, now restores the word, the discourse, to the Maya, and in a way that enables Maya political struggle.1
Inside and Outside the Traditions: The Changing Shapes of Feminist Spiritualities
Authors: Devlin-Glass Frances , McCredden Lyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many contemporary women, their relationships to the institutions and traditions of religious faith are constructed on shifting ground. While some place themselves “outside” the institution, and often outside any orthodox understandings of their faith, others identify themselves to varying degrees as “inside.” This metaphor—inside/outside—may be used as a means of self-definition that begins from a critical, discriminating acknowledgment of the power of religion and its institutions; conversely, the metaphor may be used by those in power within the religious establishments to marginalise such women. For the writers in this book, metaphors are never “mere” language but are sources of both creativity and suspicion. It may be helpful to think of oneself “outside” orthodoxy when the consequent insights and experiences yield new and challenging possibilities, even when such gains may be experienced through a great deal of pain. But when such metaphors are wielded as categorizing truths, with no sense of their transience on the one hand and of their tendency to rigidify on the other, they become weapons.
Black Truth, White Fiction: The Recognition of Aboriginal Women’s Rites
Authors: Pattel-Gray Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As an Aboriginal woman living within contemporary Australian society, being engulfed in the growing trend of gender concerns and awareness, and as a womanist scholar, I cannot overlook the enormous void in academic literature regarding the role of Aboriginal women in the many recordings of history, anthropology, and religious studies. This male-dominated world of scholarship has presented a very unbalanced view of Aboriginal society. Further, when Aboriginal women happen to be given a mention, it is usually in the form of a racist and sexist stereotype, sustaining white ideology of racial supremacy and male domination. Nancy Williams and Lesley Jolly have acknowledged that, unfortunately, many of their predecessors believed that the white race had a superior culture and religion and was at a far higher stage of evolution than the black race, whom they often viewed as curious living fossils akin to the marsupials (Spencer and Gillen 1927), doomed to extinction in the march of evolutionary progress. Yet for present purposes, it is the gender bias of the recorders that creates the most difficulty. To begin with, most of the writers were men, a fact that reflects not only the greater numbers of white men than white women in contact with Aboriginal society but also the greater opportunities for European males to publicize their opinions. (1992:10-11)
The Sovereignty as Co-Lordship: A Contemporary Feminist Rereading of the Female Sacred in the Ulster Cycle
Authors: Devlin-Glass Frances 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a postbiblical age, pre-Christian narratives are finding new auditors/readers, among them those interested in a post-Christian theology and spirituality. It is necessary at the outset to distance my approach from others that search for an empowering past and for compensatory woman-centered myths as antidotes for patriarchal ones. Such searches have often taken a separatist, romantic, and nostalgic form and have been marked by serious ahistoricity (Hutton 1991), especially in the hands of New Age reconstructionists of spirituality. My intention is this paper is to offer a gynocritical recuperation of archaic Irish narratives and to read a small selection of this material through the deconstructing lens of feminism, with a view to exposing the androcentric process at work reshaping and resignifying a body of material in which, I argue, traces of a different ideological focus may be discerned. Archaic Irish narratives have a translation and reception history that has seen them serve a variety of ideological agendas, possibly even at the point of their earliest transmission in written form (Aitchison 1987). Modern translations (notably Kinsella 1969) reveal a body of narratives that are surprisingly rich for feminist deconstructive purposes and indeed have gender-political implications not just for women but for men’s and women’s understandings of how the sexual contract might be refigured.2 The notion of an interdependency of power between women and men, which assumes a particular view of the body of woman, and its sacredness,3 is at the center of what I shall be arguing that these myths offer. My project takes the view that to be aware that patriarchal understandings are not natural, universal, and trans- historical is emancipatory.
The Generation Gap in Antiquity
Authors: Reinhold Meyer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
younger generation in all past societies in a state of tension with the older generation because of Oedipal hostility of sons against fathers, or political and socioeconomic ambitions of the rising youth against gerontocracy power structures? Dare we say even of the Greeks on historical grounds that ‘to the ancients the primacy of generational struggle in history was entirely familiar and obvious. Every form of government seemed to breed its own distinctive form of generational contra diction.
Historian of the Classic World: A Critique of Rostovtzeff
Authors: Reinhold Meyer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Asystematic Analysis and Chitical Appraisal of Tiie Historical methodology of Michael Rostovtzeff, the foremost ancient historian of the past generation, has long been wanting.1 For the range of ‘the most prolific career in the study of ancient history since Mommsen’s’ has been so vast that few serious scholars in the field of ancient studies have not been influenced by Rostovtzeff’s writings; and many future authors and students are likely to absorb his views and to solicit credence for them under warrant of his authority, even as
Temporality and Alterity: Dimensions of Hermeneutic Distance
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hermeneutic theory is always concerned with historicity and with the horizons, prejudices, and purposes that determine and give urgency to the act of interpretation. So let me begin with a few remarks about the situation in which I find myself, and which leads me to this tentative and open-ended query of my own philosophical activity.
Where Are They?
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hardest problem in astronomy is to find the distance to an astronomical object. It is not possible to pace out the distance or extend a tape measure. Radar has been used to determine distances in the solar system by measuring the time required for a radar pulse, traveling at the speed of light, to bounce off an object and return to us. This method does not work outside the solar system because the time required for the pulse to return would be too long (8 years for the nearest star), and because the returned signal would be undetectably faint.
Aiming Higher
Authors: Ogilvy James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The future could be better than the present. The future should be better than the present. A large part of the glory of being human lies in our ability to imagine better futures and make them happen. But a large part of our history records the suffering of people who were sold a bill of goods about a better future—holy wars in the name of building the kingdom of God on earth, failed revolutions fought in the name of a better life after the revolution, the final solution that would bring the thousand-year Reich. Idealism can be dangerous. We know this.
Better Education
Authors: Ogilvy James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back in the early 1980s, well before the Cold War had ended, a very brainy group from the John F. Kennedy School at Harvard convened other experts like Robert MacNamara, the late Representative Les As pin, and a former Ambassador to Austria for a week in Wyoming. The agenda: to entertain alternatives to nuclear deterrence 50 years into the future. I was asked to attend not because I knew anything about strategic arms, but to help manage the process of alternative scenario development.
F
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literally, a fajita is a little belt, or little strip. It is used to mean a cut of beef that in English is called a skirt steak. Since it is a tough cut, the meat is cooked by first broiling it, and then cooking it in a dry pan with lime juice. When ordering fajitas in a restaurant, most people don’t know that it refers to the cut of the meat and not to the seasonings. The cut was very common in northern Mexico and south Texas before it was found in other parts of the Southwest and in the country as a whole. In Mexico this cut of beef is called arracheras, and has always been eaten, whereas in the United States the cut was ground up for hamburger. Today in contemporary restaurants one can find chicken and shrimp dishes that are called fajitas; they are served sizzling hot, with guacamole, pico de gallo, and tortillas. But in reality fajitas are strictly beef.
L
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
La Leyenda Negra is the term used for a myth that describes a very negative attitude many believe pervades the historical perspective regarding Hispanics and Mexicans. The Black Legend embodies a belief that Spaniards are basically a cruel, evil, lazy, greedy, treacherous, and fanatical people. It originated in the era of Inquisitorial Spain and has misrepresented the history of Spain since the l 500s. The printed history of the conquest of the New World depicts a violent and corrupt invasion, but there is a belief that the Black Legend has influenced the way this history has been written.
T
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This word actually means “a bite,” a snack or even a light meal. When unexpected company arrives at a Chicano home, they are often invited to “comer un taco,” to have a snack. This can mean to have a cup of coffee and pan duke (sweet bread), or a cup of soup, or beans and tortillas. If one is eating with a tortilla, flour or corn, the custom is to break off a small piece; use it to scoop up a piece of meat, beans, chile, or whatever one has on one’s plate; and pop the whole thing into the mouth. Some people call these small pieces bocaditos, or “eating your spoon,” but it is basically eating a lot of small tacos. But if the whole tortilla is filled with meat, chile con came, or whatever, and rolled up, it is called a taco. The tortilla may be fried crispy, which also adds flavor, or may be left soft, and the filling mixture may be chicken, beans, beef, fish, vegetables, or cheese. Consequently, a tortilla rolled up and filled with anything is considered a taco. The contemporary American taco is filled with ground beef, cheese, lettuce, tomato, and chile salsa and thanks to many fast food restaurants has become part of the American diet. A corn tortilla rolled up tightly around chicken or cheese, fried crispy, and topped with guacamole, chile, and sour cream, is not a taco but a taquito or a flauta, depending on what state or country you’re in at the moment.
Z
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A style of suit worn by African Americans, Filipino Americans, and Mexican Americans during the 1930s and 1940s. In Chicano culture this style of dress is primarily associated with the pachucos of the 1940s. The fashion at that time was to wear very baggy pants with pegged legs, long jackets with high and sharp shoulder pads, thick-soled shoes, and long watch chains dangling from the belt. An addition to the whole style common to Chicanos was a particular haircut, long with a ducktail and a wide-brimmed hat.
Studying the Enemy
Authors: Blee Kathleen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For two decades of studying organized racism, I have been careful to maintain as much anonymity as possible, revealing little about myself to the racist activists I meet. So in writing this chapter I feel particularly exposed, although this is an apt time to reflect on my entanglement in the study of organized racism. After years of emotional gymnastics, I’ve decided to stop doing this kind of research. Studying the racist right has been intellectually and politically rewarding but personally too difficult. The reasons that this is the case may suggest lessons that are useful to other scholars, even those with less unsavory research interests. Since the early 1980s, I have studied racist groups in the United States. Concretely, this means I have spent countless hours in disgusting tasks: reading vicious propaganda about African Americans, Jews, gay men and lesbians, non-Caucasian immigrants, and others; transcribing the messages of racist telephone “hate lines,” radio programs, cable TV shows, and videos; hanging out at racist rallies and headquarters; and locating and interviewing dozens of people who see the meaning of their life as eliminating or expelling from the United States people like me and those I love. How did I, a white woman from the Midwest, a leftist and feminist academic, find myself in this profoundly unpleasant line of work? And why did I then decide to leave it?
Making Problems Reflections on Experience and Research
Authors: Walton John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The writer who is to be anything more than an echo of his predecessors must always find expression for something which has never yet been expressed, must master a new set of phenomena which has never yet been mastered. With each such victory of the human intellect, whether in history, in philosophy or in poetry, we experience a deep satisfaction: we have been cured of some ache of disorder, relieved of some oppressive burden of uncomprehended events.
Unscripted: Continuity and Change in the Gendered Life Course
Authors: Moen Phyllis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 2001, Katharine Graham, former publisher of the Washington Post and Newsweek, died as a consequence of a fall while on a trip to give a speech. She had published a Pulitzer Prize-winning autobiography in 1997,1 depicting a life that was as unscripted and accidental as my own. Graham, whose father and husband were publishers of the Washington Post, became the publisher of that newspaper herself quite suddenly and unexpectedly when her husband committed suicide. Graham said that “the only reason I had my job was the good luck of my birth and the bad luck of my husband’s death.”
Confessions of an Accidental Sociologist
Authors: Skolnick Arlene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the fall of 1969, I found myself newly arrived and unemployed in a southern California beach town. We had fled there-my husband, Jerry, and I and our two young sons, Mike and Alex-from the seemingly endless turmoil of Berkeley at the time, especially the tear gas drifting from the campus to our house and my older son’s elementary school. Jerry had taken a job at a newly formed branch of the University of California. I was planning to continue what had seemed a viable academic career as a researcher, as I had done at Berkeley’s Institute of Human Development (IHD). Now, however, in a much smaller and newer university and in a different fiscal climate, it seemed as if that plan wasn’t going to work. The funding for the project I had been invited to join did not come through. Weeks of looking around did not turn up any other possibilities. Despite the sunshine, the sea air, and the beaches, I began to feel discouraged and depressed. One particularly low moment remains vivid. I had gone to talk to the chair of the psychology department, a man I shall call Ted, to see if he knew of any possibilities.
Writing as a Democrat and a Feminist
Authors: Mansbridge Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Democracy implies feminism, and feminism implies democracy. The two causes that have impelled my research are logically and reciprocally related. In my own life, though, each had separate roots, meeting and intertwining in the 1960s. I was always a bit of a misfit. I attributed my differences from others to my father’s being English. That’s why, I thought, we didn’t have a TV set when everyone else did. That’s why I had a funny accent, saying “bean” instead of “bin” for “been,” so that the kids in third grade danced around me shouting, “‘Been’-bean-stringbean!” (I was pretty skinny). I identified with people who didn’t quite fit in.
Decoding Dichotomies and Pushing the Boundaries: A Lifetime of Research on Women in the Professions
Authors: Epstein Cynthia Fuchs 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This account of my research on the cultural and structural underpinning of gender distinctions-focusing on women’s participation in the legal profession-begins more than three decades ago. At the time it was initiated, the research topic was unusual, as were the individuals I set out to study: the “deviant cases” of women practitioners in an elite profession. Since that time, women’s roles in society--especially in the workplace and particularly in the top professions-have changed radically and research on them has proliferated, engaging several subsequent generations of researchers. Along with these changes has been the questioning of the analytic frameworks that had accounted for (and often justified) women’s exclusion.