bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides: synthesis, characterization, and properties
Authors: Yang Yueting , Duan Zhuojun , Li Huimin , Liu Song 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The twist angle regulation strategy provides a feasible tool for studying the emerging properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). For the twisted TMDCs (t-TMDCs), there is the lattice mismatch and twist between layers, thus forming moiré superlattice. The formation of moiré superlattice brings about innovative properties to the t-TMDCs. These innovative properties have attracted more and more attention from researchers. This review firstly focuses on the synthesis methods of t-TMDCs, as well as the merits and shortcomings of each method. Secondly, the common spectral characterization and microscopic characterization methods are discussed. Thirdly, the prominent properties of t-TMDCs are briefly demonstrated, including ferroelectricity, flat band, and interlaminar excitons. Finally, we look forward to the potential application prospect and research direction of t-TMDCs.
High-performance liquid metal electromagnetic actuator fabricated by femtosecond laser
Authors: Chen Yiyu , Wu Hao , Li Rui , Jiang Shaojun , Zhou Shuneng , Cui Zehang , Tao Yuan , Zheng Xinyuan , Zhang Qianqian , Li Jiawen , Li Guoqiang , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru , Hu Yanlei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Small-scale electromagnetic soft actuators are characterized by a fast response and simple control, holding prospects in the field of soft and miniaturized robotics. The use of liquid metal (LM) to replace a rigid conductor inside soft actuators can reduce the rigidity and enhance the actuation performance and robustness. Despite research efforts, challenges persist in the flexible fabrication of LM soft actuators and in the improvement of actuation performance. To address these challenges, we developed a fast and robust electromagnetic soft microplate actuator based on a laser-induced selective adhesion transfer method. Equipped with unprecedentedly thin LM circuit and customized low Young’s modulus silicone rubber (1.03 kPa), our actuator exhibits an excellent deformation angle (265.25°) and actuation bending angular velocity (284.66 rad·s−1). Furthermore, multiple actuators have been combined to build an artificial gripper with a wide range of functionalities. Our actuator presents new possibilities for designing small-scale artificial machines and supports advancements in ultrafast soft and miniaturized robotics.
An empirical experimental observations and MD simulation data-based model for the material properties of confined fluids in nano/Angstrom size tubes
Authors: Garg Ashish , Bishnoi Swati 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The transport of fluids in nanometer and Angstrom-sized pores has gotten much attention because of its potential uses in nanotechnology, energy storage, and healthcare sectors. Understanding the distinct material properties of fluids in such close confinement is critical for enhancing their performance in various applications. These properties dictate the fluid’s behavior and play a crucial role in determining flow dynamics, transport processes, and, ultimately, the performance of nanoscale devices. Remarkably, many researchers observed that the size of the geometry, such as the diameter of the confining nanotube, exerts a profound and intriguing influence on the material properties of nanoconfined fluids, including on the critical parameters such as density, viscosity, and slip length. Many researchers tried to model these material properties: viscosity η, density ρ, and slip λ using various models with many dependencies on the tube diameter. It is somewhat confusing and tough to decide which model is appropriate and needs to be incorporated in the numerical simulation. In this paper, we tried to propose a simple single equation for each nano confined material property such as for density

ρ

(
D
)

/

ρ

o

=
a
+
b

/

(
D
−
c
)

n

, viscosity

η

(
D
)

/

η

o

=
a
+
b

/

(
D
−
c
)

n

, and the slip length λ(D) = λ
1
D
e
−n
D
+ λ

o
(where a, b, c, n, λ
1, λ

o
are the free fitting parameters). We model a wealth of previous experimental and MD simulation data from the literature using our proposed model for each material property of nanoconfined fluids at the nanometer and Angstrom scales. Our single proposed equation effectively captures and models all the data, even though many different models have been employed in the existing literature to describe the same material property. Our proposed model exhibits exceptional agreement with multiple independent datasets from the experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, the model possesses the advantageous properties of continuity and a continuous derivative, so the proposed model is well-suited for integration into numerical simulations. Further, the proposed models also obey the far boundary conditions, i.e., when tube diameter D ⟹ ∞, the material properties tend to the bulk properties of the fluid. Due to the models’ simplicity, smooth, and generic nature, this heuristic model holds promise to apply in simulations to design and optimize nanoscale devices.
In situ doping effect in monolayer MoS2 via laser irradiation
Authors: Wang Peng , Gao Bo , Liu Wenjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials with a single atomic layer display exceptional structural symmetry and band structures, making them the most promising candidates for investigating the spin-valley coupling effect and fabricating novel optoelectronic devices. Their atomic thinness also makes it easy to adjust their excitonic optical response through plasma treatment or thermal annealing. In this study, we present a simple technique for modifying the optical properties of monolayer MoS2 by briefly exposing it to laser irradiation in ambient conditions. Initially, this exposure resulted in a nearly twofold increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity, with the neutral exciton intensity increasing while the trion exciton intensity decreased. We propose that oxygen-related functional groups, such as O2 and H2O from the surrounding air, adsorb onto MoS2 and extract extra electrons, which enhances exciton emission while reducing trion emission. In a subsequent stage, both exciton intensities decreased as all extra electrons were depleted. Additionally, any structural distortions or potential damage were found to decrease the PL intensity, and these changes were linked to alterations in the Raman spectra.
The Virtue of the Bench
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter extends Chapter 2’s discussion of international law to the Nuremberg war crimes trials. Taking its starting point from an after-dinner speech about the Anglo-American ‘special relationship’, it discusses ‘Law and Literature’ principles of advocacy, particularly those of Sir Norman Birkett, who looked to Shakespeare for the ‘insight, the understanding and the judgment’ that defend ‘the virtue of the bench’. It applies these ideas to USA v Oswald Pohl et al. (1947), one of the Nuremberg ‘Subsequent’ Trials, in which seventeen members of the SS were tried for crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and conspiracy, and where Shakespearian quotation creates a comic, perhaps even shocking, conviviality between American and German lawyers engaged in the prosecution and defence of Nazi war criminals. It considers the question of Shakespeare’s implication in the ‘culture of forgetting’ that followed the establishment of West Germany in 1949.
A World Stage
Authors: Sheen Erica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In April 1949, the US State Department announced the selection of an American theatre company to take a production of Hamlet to the Shakespeare Festival in Elsinore. This chapter tracks the entangled agencies that saw the production through sponsorship by ANTA (American National Theater and Academy), and the personal involvement of President Harry Truman and his White House staff, to the conflicting political commitments of the production’s creative team: producer-financier Blevins Davis, designer Nat Karson, actor-director (and Hamlet) Robert Breen, and veteran British actor Clarence Derwent (Polonius and President of Equity). It shows how the cooperative principles associated with the production’s affiliation to ANTA began to founder under the combined pressures of Breen and Davies’s aspiration to establish their partnership as a state–private enterprise and the association of Karson and Derwent with ‘un-American’ political activities.
A puzzle about guessing and inquiry
Authors: Teague Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
I discuss a puzzle that arises as an apparent tension between plausible theories of good guessing and intuitive constraints on rational inquiry. Clearly, our best guess at a question should reflect the likelihoods we assign to its possible answers. Your best guess is the answer you judge most likely. Additionally, it seems like a requirement of rational inquiry that our guesses be coherent. Thus, our best guess to a constituent (wh-) questions should cohere with our best guess to a polar (yes/no) question whenever answers to the former entail answers to the latter. I argue that these requirements are in conflict and that a familiar form of contextualism doesn’t resolve the issue. The puzzle stands as a challenge to existing accounts of rational inquiry and question directed attitudes like guessing.
Improving image quality consistency and diagnostic accuracy in lower extremity CT angiography using a split-bolus contrast injection protocol
Authors: Tian Qian , Zhu Shumeng , Cheng Yannan , Li Jianying , Qu Tingting , Jia Xiaoqian , Cao Le , Chen Lihong , Guo Jianxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical value of using a split-bolus contrast injection protocol in improving image quality consistency and diagnostic accuracy in lower extremity CT angiography (CTA).

Methods
Fifty (mean age, 66 ± 12 years) and 39 (mean age, 66 ± 11 years) patients underwent CTA in the lower extremity arteries using split-bolus and fixed-bolus injection schemes, respectively. The objective and subjective image quality of the 2 groups were compared and the diagnostic efficacy for the degree of vessel stenosis was compared using digital subtraction angiography as the gold standard. A P &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
In comparison with the fixed-bolus scheme, the split-bolus scheme greatly improved the consistency of image quality of the low extremities by significantly increasing the arterial enhancement (337.87 ± 64.67HU vs. 254.74 ± 71.58HU, P &lt; .001), signal-to-noise ratio (22.58 ± 11.64 vs. 7.14 ± 1.98, P &lt; .001), and contrast-to-noise ratio (37.21 ± 10.46 vs. 31.10 ± 15.40, P = .041) in the infrapopliteal segment. The subjective image quality was better (P &lt; .001) and the diagnostic accuracy was higher in the split-bolus group than in the fixed-bolus group (96.00% vs. 91.67%, P &lt; .05, for diagnosing &gt;50% stenosis, and 97.00% vs. 89.10%, P &lt; .05, for diagnosing occlusion) for the infrapopliteal segment arteries.

Conclusions
Compared with the fixed-bolus injection scheme, the split-bolus injection scheme improves the image quality consistency and diagnostic accuracy especially for the infrapopliteal segment arteries in lower extremity CTA.

Advances in knowledge
(1) The split-bolus injection scheme of CTA of the lower extremity arteries improves the overall image quality, uniformity of contrast enhancement. (2) Compared with the fixed-bolus injection scheme, the split-bolus injection scheme especially improves the infrapopliteal segment arteries image quality and diagnostic efficacy.
Electrochemically assisted polymerization synthesis of ZIF-derived Fe-N/C with high oxygen reduction reaction activity
Authors: Zhao Junhui , Wu Tao , He Qishan , Fang Huiyuan , Liu Mingshuang , Liu Yumin , Zhou Zijian , Zhang Junyu , Yang Weihua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-derived Fe-N/C catalysts show excellent oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) performance, but the harsh synthesis conditions and low yields have greatly limited their commercialization. Herein, we report an electrochemical-assisted polymerization method to produce a Fe-N/C structure (EC-Fe-N/C) with a high surface area (954.583 m2 g−1), high dispersion of Fe (2.2 wt %), and abundant N (2.05 wt %). The hierarchical structure exhibits excellent ORR activity (half-wave potential 0.88 V, in alkaline media) and outstanding zinc-air battery performance (energy density 821.3 mAh g−1 Zn, specific capacity 1017.1 Wh kg−1 Zn). This work may provide a simple and effective strategy to rationally design the Fe-N/C porous structure for highly efficient ORR activity.
Dietary Magnesium Intake Is Inversely Associated With Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Sadeghi Omid , Khademi Zeinab , Saneei Parvane , Hassanzadeh-Keshteli Ammar , Daghaghzadeh Hamed , Tavakkoli Hamid , Adibi Peyman , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the gut. Limited observational data are available linking dietary magnesium intake and UC. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary magnesium intake and UC in adults.MethodsThe current population-based case–control study was performed on 109 UC patients and 218 age (±2 years) and sex-matched controls. The diagnosis of UC was made according to the standard criteria by a gastroenterology specialist. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated self-administrated 106-item dish-based Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). We also used a pretested questionnaire to collect data on potential confounders.ResultsIndividuals in the top tertile of magnesium intake were less likely to have UC compared with those in the bottom tertile. A significant inverse relationship was found between dietary magnesium intake and UC (odds ratio [OR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–0.59) in the crude model. This relationship was also observed when we took several potential confounding into account (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14–0.68).ConclusionsAdherence to a magnesium-rich diet may have a role in preventing UC. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Characterization of adaptation mechanisms in sorghum using a multireference back-cross nested association mapping design and envirotyping
Authors: Garin Vincent , Diallo Chiaka , Tékété Mohamed Lamine , Théra Korotimi , Guitton Baptiste , Dagno Karim , Diallo Abdoulaye G , Kouressy Mamoutou , Leiser Willmar , Rattunde Fred , Sissoko Ibrahima , Touré Aboubacar , Nébié Baloua , Samaké Moussa , Kholovà Jana , Berger Angélique , Frouin Julien , Pot David , Vaksmann Michel , Weltzien Eva , Témé Niaba , Rami Jean-François 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Identifying the genetic factors impacting the adaptation of crops to environmental conditions is of key interest for conservation and selection purposes. It can be achieved using population genomics, and evolutionary or quantitative genetics. Here we present a sorghum multireference back-cross nested association mapping population composed of 3,901 lines produced by crossing 24 diverse parents to 3 elite parents from West and Central Africa-back-cross nested association mapping. The population was phenotyped in environments characterized by differences in photoperiod, rainfall pattern, temperature levels, and soil fertility. To integrate the multiparental and multi-environmental dimension of our data we proposed a new approach for quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and parental effect estimation. We extended our model to estimate QTL effect sensitivity to environmental covariates, which facilitated the integration of envirotyping data. Our models allowed spatial projections of the QTL effects in agro-ecologies of interest. We utilized this strategy to analyze the genetic architecture of flowering time and plant height, which represents key adaptation mechanisms in environments like West Africa. Our results allowed a better characterization of well-known genomic regions influencing flowering time concerning their response to photoperiod with Ma6 and Ma1 being photoperiod-sensitive and the region of possible candidate gene Elf3 being photoperiod-insensitive. We also accessed a better understanding of plant height genetic determinism with the combined effects of phenology-dependent (Ma6) and independent (qHT7.1 and Dw3) genomic regions. Therefore, we argue that the West and Central Africa-back-cross nested association mapping and the presented analytical approach constitute unique resources to better understand adaptation in sorghum with direct application to develop climate-smart varieties.
High-resolution source imaging and moment tensor estimation of acoustic emissions during brittle creep of basalt undergoing carbonation
Authors: Bai Tong , Xing Tiange , Peč Matěj , Nakata Nori 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARY
As the high-frequency analogue to field-scale earthquakes, acoustic emissions (AEs) provide a valuable complement to study rock deformation mechanisms. During the load-stepping creep experiments with CO2-saturated water injection into a basaltic sample from Carbfix site in Iceland, 8791 AE events are detected by at least one of the seven piezoelectric sensors. Here, we apply a cross-correlation-based source imaging method, called geometric-mean reverse-time migration (GmRTM) to locate those AE events. Besides the attractive picking-free feature shared with other waveform-based methods (e.g. time-reversal imaging), GmRTM is advantageous in generating high-resolution source images with reduced imaging artefacts, especially for experiments with relatively sparse receivers. In general, the imaged AE locations are found to be scattered across the sample, suggesting a complicated fracture network rather than a well-defined major shear fracture plane, in agreement with X-ray computed tomography imaging results after retrieval of samples from the deformation apparatus. Clustering the events in space and time using the nearest-neighbour approach revealed a group of ‘repeaters’, which are spatially co-located over an elongated period of time and likely indicate crack, or shear band growth. Furthermore, we select 2196 AE events with high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and conduct moment tensor estimation using the adjoint (backpropagated) strain tensor fields at the locations of AE sources. The resulting AE locations and focal mechanisms support our previously assertion that creep of basalt at the experimental conditions is accommodated dominantly by distributed microcracking.
Identification of Highly Repetitive Enhancers with Long-range Regulation Potential in Barley via STARR-seq
Authors: Zhou Wanlin , Shi Haoran , Wang Zhiqiang , Huang Yuxin , Ni Lin , Chen Xudong , Liu Yan , Li Haojie , Li Caixia , Liu Yaxi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Enhancers are DNA sequences that can strengthen transcription initiation. However, the global identification of plant enhancers is complicated due to uncertainty in the distance and orientation of enhancers, especially in species with large genomes. In this study, we performed self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) for the first time to identify enhancers across the barley genome. A total of 7323 enhancers were successfully identified, and among 45 randomly selected enhancers, over 75% were effective as validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system in the lower epidermis of tobacco leaves. Interestingly, up to 53.5% of the barley enhancers were repetitive sequences, especially transposable elements (TEs), thus reinforcing the vital role of repetitive enhancers in gene expression. Both the common active mark H3K4me3 and repressive mark H3K27me3 were abundant among the barley STARR-seq enhancers. In addition, the functional range of barley STARR-seq enhancers seemed much broader than that of rice or maize and extended to ±100 kb of the gene body, and this finding was consistent with the high expression levels of genes in the genome. This study specifically depicts the unique features of barley enhancers and provides available barley enhancers for further utilization.
Examples of Non-Rigid, Modular Vector Bundles on Hyperkähler Manifolds
Authors: Fatighenti Enrico 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We exhibit examples of slope-stable and modular vector bundles on a hyperkähler manifold of K3$^{[2]}$-type, which move in a 20-dimensional family and study their algebraic properties. These are obtained by performing standard linear algebra constructions on the examples studied by O’Grady of (rigid) modular bundles on the Fano varieties of lines of a general cubic four-fold and the Debarre–Voisin hyperkähler manifold.
Analysis of Archival Sera From Norovirus-Infected Individuals Demonstrates That Cross-Blocking of Emerging Viruses Is Genotype-Specific
Authors: Pilewski Kelsey A , Ford-Siltz Lauren A , Tohma Kentaro , Kendra Joseph A , Landivar Michael , Parra Gabriel I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Rapidly evolving RNA viruses, such as human norovirus, generate extraordinary sequence diversity, posing a significant challenge to vaccine design. This diversity, coupled with short-lasting natural immunity, leads to reinfection throughout one's lifetime. How reexposure shapes humoral immunity to future norovirus strains remains incompletely understood.

Methods
We profiled the antibody responses following 2 community gastroenteritis outbreaks with GII.2 and GII.6 noroviruses in 1971. Using diverse virus-like particles (VLPs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and carbohydrate-blocking assays (surrogate for neutralization), we examined the antibody response at acute and convalescent timepoints following GII.6 infection.

Results
Convalescent sera displayed strong homologous blocking, demonstrating a 5-fold increase in GII.6 carbohydrate blockade over acute samples, and broad blocking of diverse archival and modern GII.6 noroviruses. Convalescent sera displayed limited carbohydrate blocking of heterotypic VLPs, despite high ELISA binding titers. Select individuals developed broad cross-genotype blockade, but this response was established before the second outbreak. Finally, we applied a novel competitive carbohydrate-blocking assay to demonstrate the epitope specificity and discrete compartments of the neutralizing response.

Conclusions
Our data show that infection generates narrow, focused immunity directed toward the infecting genotype. We did detect broad cross-blocking in specific individuals, but these responses could be attributed to diverse, genotype-specific antibodies predating GII.6 infection.