bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type IV pili of
Enterobacteriaceae
species
Authors: Little Janay I. , Singh Pradip K. , Zhao Jinlei , Dunn Shakeera , Matz Hanover , Donnenberg Michael S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Type IV pili (T4Ps) are surface filaments widely distributed among bacteria and archaea. T4Ps are involved in many cellular functions and contribute to virulence in some species of bacteria. Due to the diversity of T4Ps, different properties have been observed for homologous proteins that make up T4Ps in various organisms. In this review, we highlight the essential components of T4Ps, their functions, and similarities to related systems. We emphasize the unique T4Ps of enteric pathogens within the
Enterobacteriaceae
family, which includes pathogenic strains of
Escherichia coli
and
Salmonella
. These include the bundle-forming pilus (BFP) of enteropathogenic
E. coli
(EPEC), longus (Lng) and colonization factor III (CFA/III) of enterotoxigenic
E. coli
(ETEC), T4P of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi, Colonization Factor Citrobacter (CFC) of
Citrobacter rodentium
, T4P of
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
, a ubiquitous T4P that was characterized in enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
(EHEC), and the R64 plasmid thin pilus. Finally, we highlight areas for further study.
Global epidemiology of asymptomatic colonisation of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin the upper respiratory tract of young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Liuyue , Dharmaratne Priyanga , Zhu Chendi , Sapugahawatte Dulmini Nanayakkara , Rahman Nannur , Barua Nilakshi , Li Carmen , Kwok Kin On , Luo Mingjing , Liyanapathirana Veranja , Ip Margaret 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the global prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation, and determine the associated risk factors, antibiotic resistance and genotypes of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in the upper respiratory tract of young children.DesignFour bibliometric databases were searched for publications between 2010 and 2022 according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO. Cross-sectional or cohort studies describing the prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation ofS. aureusand MRSA in young children were included. Data extraction and analysis were carried out by two reviewers independently according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model.Setting and studiesWe included studies where children without respiratory tract infection or Staphylococcal infection were recruited from the community, children’s institutions (ie, nurseries, kindergartens, daycare centres and preschools) and healthcare centre visits and assessed for asymptomatic colonisation withS. aureusand MRSA.Main outcome measuresThe pooled prevalence of asymptomatic colonisation ofS. aureusand MRSA of young children globally.ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 416 young children, the pooled global prevalence of asymptomaticS. aureuscolonisation was 25.1% (95% CI 21.4 to 28.8) and MRSA colonisation was 3.4% (95% CI 2.8 to 4.1). The clones of MRSA strains included healthcare-associated MRSA, community-associated MRSA and livestock-associated MRSA.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of increased MRSA colonisation globally among young children, underlining the critical role of asymptomatic carriers in MRSA transmission and the need for control measures.PROSPERO registration numberCRD 42022328385.
Case of postoperative mitral and tricuspid valve repair with large vessel occlusion ischaemic stroke: successfully treated with mechanical thrombectomy extracting subocclusive thrombus containing foreign material
Authors: Bah Momodou G , Vollhaber Daniel , Lin Leanne , Wilseck Zachary , Gemmete Joseph J , Conyers Frank G , Carrera Joseph F , Chaudhary Neeraj 
Published: January 2024

A woman in her 60s with a history of prior ischaemic stroke developed acute onset slurring of speech, left-sided facial droop and left-sided weakness and was found on CT angiography to have a subocclusive thrombus multiple days after undergoing mitral and tricuspid valve repair surgery. A stent retriever and aspiration catheter were used to successfully remove the subocclusive material which was identified as ‘foreign material’ on histology. Ultimately, the patient demonstrated clinical improvement.Foreign material embolism is a rare but serious complication that can occur during or after mitral and tricuspid valve repair surgery. It can cause ischaemic stroke and prompt recognition and immediate intervention are necessary to prevent serious complications.The case report highlights the successful use of stent retriever-mediated suction thrombectomy to remove a foreign material embolism in a patient. It emphasises the importance of timely intervention to prevent serious complications and shows the potential benefits of this technique.
Exploring Online Health Information Seeking Behaviour (OHISB) among young adults: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Bratland Kristine Moksnes , Wien Charlotte , Sandanger Torkjel M 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIn recent years, information technology and social media have experienced unprecedented growth, particularly in the Nordic countries. However, there is a noticeable lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the latest research findings on online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) among young adults (18 to >30). There is a need to conduct an updated review to identify knowledge gaps in where young adults find health information and their user interface preferences and to provide research-based guidance and recommendations to governments, health organisations and social media platforms on how to facilitate this prominent pattern. The scoping review protocol outlines a study that will systematically map the existing literature on young adults’ preferences for digital platforms and platform characteristics in relation to OHISB, enabling the identification of promising areas for further research and the development of more effective interventions to promote healthy and informed choices. Conducting a scoping review is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of young adults’ OHISB and support the next generation of dissemination that promotes accurate and reliable digital health information.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will use Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)) and employ the citation pearl method and the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type model to design the search strategy. To identify relevant literature, three databases will undergo a search: Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE. Additionally, a subsidiarily grey literature search will be conducted in Google Scholar. The data charting process will conform to the PRISMA-ScR standard and will be further structured with EndNote. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted data will be developed using EndNote and Excel.Ethics and disseminationConducting a scoping review involves secondary data analysis of publicly available sources and does not require an ethical review. The protocol will be published to ensure transparency. The scoping review results will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences, social media platforms, newspapers and YouTube to service users and stakeholders.
Measuring and predicting the effect of remyelinating therapy in multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial protocol (RESTORE)
Authors: Hof Sam , van Rijn Laurentius J , Uitdehaag Bernard M J , Nij Bijvank Jenny A , Petzold Axel 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionRemyelination failure hampers symptomatic recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS), underlining the importance of developing remyelinating therapies. Optic neuritis is currently the most established method of measuring remyelination in MS trials. Complementary more generalisable methods of measuring remyelination are required to confirm treatment efficacy. Measuring internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) with infrared oculography provides such a method. Moreover, this method can be expanded with a test for selecting likely treatment responders by using fampridine. The aim of this trial is to investigate the (long-term) remyelinating effects of clemastine fumarate in patients with MS and INO and to evaluate if treatment response can be predicted using fampridine.Methods and analysisRESTORE is a single-centre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of clemastine fumarate versus placebo. Prior to clemastine treatment improvement in oculographic features of INO after a single 10 mg dose of fampridine is measured in all participants and used to predict the treatment response to clemastine. Eighty individuals with MS and INO will be 1:1 randomised to 4 mg of clemastine fumarate two times a day for 6 months or equivalent placebo. Our primary outcome is improvement in the Versional Dysconjugacy Index-area under the curve, measured by infrared oculography after 6 months of treatment. Participants are assessed for persistent treatment effects 6, 18 and 30 months after end of treatment. Secondary outcome measures include other oculography parameters including double-step saccades, retinal imaging, visual acuities, physical disability, cognition and patient-reported outcomes.Ethics and disseminationClemastine is a registered and very well-established drug with well-known safety and side effects. The protocol was approved by the medical ethical committee of the Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC and the Dutch Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subject. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants. The results will be published in peer-reviewed medical scientific journals.Trial registration numberEudraCT: 2021-003677-66, ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT05338450.
Predicting response to iron supplementation in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (PRIme): a randomised trial protocol
Authors: Loveikyte Roberta , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Mujagic Zlatan , Goetgebuer Rogier L , Dijkstra Gerard , van der Meulen-de Jong Andrea E 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common systemic manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has detrimental effects on quality of life (QoL) and disease outcomes. Iron deficiency (ID), with or without anaemia, poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in patients with IBD due to the multifactorial nature of ID(A) and its frequent recurrence. Elevated hepcidin—a systemic iron regulator that modulates systemic iron availability and intestinal iron absorption—has been associated with oral iron malabsorption in IBD. Therefore, hepcidin could assist in therapeutic decision-making. In this study, we investigate whether hepcidin can predict response to oral and intravenous iron supplementation in patients with active IBD undergoing anti-inflammatory treatment.Methods and analysisPRIme is an exploratory, multicentre, open-label and randomised trial. All adult patients with active IBD and ID(A) will be assessed for eligibility. The participants (n=90) will be recruited at five academic hospitals within the Netherlands and randomised into three groups (1:1:1): oral ferrous fumarate, oral ferric maltol or intravenous iron. Clinical and biochemical data will be collected at the baseline and after 6, 14 and 24 weeks. Blood samples will be collected to measure hepcidin and other biomarkers related to iron status. In addition, patient-reported outcomes regarding QoL and disease burden will be evaluated. The primary outcome is the utility of hepcidin as a predictive biomarker for response to iron therapy, which will be assessed using receiver operating curve analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Leiden University Medical Center (IRB No. P21.109) and other study sites. All participants will provide written informed consent to enrol in the study. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at scientific conferences; the dataset will be available on reasonable request.Trial registrationProspectively registered in thehttps://clinicaltrials.gov/and the Eudra registries. First submitted on 10 May 2022 to the ClinicalTrials.gov (ID:NCT05456932) and on 3 March 2022 to the European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (ID: 2022-000894-16).
Risk factor associations for severe COVID-19, influenza and pneumonia in people with diabetes to inform future pandemic preparations: UK population-based cohort study
Authors: Hopkins Rhian , Young Katherine G , Thomas Nicholas J , Godwin James , Raja Daniyal , Mateen Bilal A , Challen Robert J , Vollmer Sebastian J , Shields Beverley M , McGovern Andrew P , Dennis John M 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare clinical and sociodemographic risk factors for severe COVID-19, influenza and pneumonia, in people with diabetes.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingUK primary care records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked to mortality and hospital records.ParticipantsIndividuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (COVID-19 cohort: n=43 033 type 1 diabetes and n=584 854 type 2 diabetes, influenza and pneumonia cohort: n=42 488 type 1 diabetes and n=585 289 type 2 diabetes).Primary and secondary outcome measuresCOVID-19 hospitalisation from 1 February 2020 to 31 October 2020 (pre-COVID-19 vaccination roll-out), and influenza and pneumonia hospitalisation from 1 September 2016 to 31 May 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic). Secondary outcomes were COVID-19 and pneumonia mortality. Associations between clinical and sociodemographic risk factors and each outcome were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. In people with type 2 diabetes, we explored modifying effects of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) by age, sex and ethnicity.ResultsIn type 2 diabetes, poor glycaemic control and severe obesity were consistently associated with increased risk of hospitalisation for COVID-19, influenza and pneumonia. The highest HbA1c and BMI-associated relative risks were observed in people aged under 70 years. Sociodemographic-associated risk differed markedly by respiratory infection, particularly for ethnicity. Compared with people of white ethnicity, black and south Asian groups had a greater risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation, but a lesser risk of pneumonia hospitalisation. Risk factor associations for type 1 diabetes and for type 2 diabetes mortality were broadly consistent with the primary analysis.ConclusionsClinical risk factors of high HbA1c and severe obesity are consistently associated with severe outcomes from COVID-19, influenza and pneumonia, especially in younger people. In contrast, associations with sociodemographic risk factors differed by type of respiratory infection. This emphasises that risk stratification should be specific to individual respiratory infections.
Exploring important service characteristics of telephone cancer information and support services for callers: protocol for a systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Livingstone Ann , Murphy April , Bucholc Jessica , Engel Lidia , Lane Katherine , Spence Danielle , McCaffrey Nikki 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAs cancer incidence continues to rise, challenges remain in how to communicate accurate, timely information to people with cancer, their families and healthcare professionals. One option is to provide support and comprehensive, tailored information via a telephone cancer information and support service (CISS). This systematic review aims to summarise the service characteristics of telephone CISS and identify what aspects of services are important from callers’ perspectives.Methods and analysisA comprehensive literature search will be conducted for articles published from database inception to 30 March 2023 (OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SocINDEX). Published, peer-reviewed, articles reporting qualitative research on the service characteristics of telephone CISS important to callers in any language will be included. One researcher will complete the searches, two researchers will independently screen results for eligible studies and a third researcher will resolve any disagreement. A narrative and thematic synthesis of studies will be provided. Study characteristics will be independently extracted by one researcher and checked by a second. Included studies’ methodological quality will be evaluated independently by two researchers using the 2022 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research tool will assess the confidence of the review findings.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this research as it is a planned systematic review of published literature. Findings will be presented at leading cancer, health economic and supportive care conferences, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and disseminated via websites and social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023413897.
Opt-in versus universal codeine provision for medical abortion up to 10 weeks of gestation at British Pregnancy Advisory Service: a cross-sectional evaluation
Authors: Taghinejadi Neda , McCulloch Hannah , Krassowski Michał , McInnes-Dean Amelia , Whitehouse Katherine C , Lohr Patricia A 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo assess patient experiences of pain management during medical abortion up to 10 weeks’ gestation with opt-in versus universal codeine provision.MethodsWe invited patients who underwent medical abortion up to 10 weeks of gestation to participate in an online, anonymous, English-language survey from November 2021 to March 2022. We performed ordinal regression analyses to compare satisfaction with pain management (5-point Likert scale) and maximum abortion pain score (11-point numerical rating scale) in the opt-in versus universal codeine provision groups.ResultsOf 11 906 patients invited to participate, 1625 (13.6%) completed the survey. Participants reported a mean maximum pain score of 6.8±2.2. A total of 1149 participants (70.7%) reported using codeine for pain management during their abortion. Participants in the opt-in codeine provision group were significantly more likely to be satisfied with their pain management than those in the universal group (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96, p<0.01). Maximum abortion pain scores were lower on average among the opt-in codeine provision group (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.96, p=0.02); however, this association was not statistically significant in the model adjusted for covariates (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.03, p=0.09).ConclusionOur findings suggest that patients have a better experience with pain management during medical abortion when able to opt-in to codeine provision following counselling versus receiving this medication routinely.
MicroRNA-451a is a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for major depressive disorder
Authors: Hu Panpan , Cao Qiuchen , Feng Hu , Liu Yun , Chen Yan , Xu Jingfan , Feng Weixi , Sun Huaiqing , Ding Huachen , Wang Chun , Gao Junying , Xiao Ming 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIncreasing evidence supports the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the pathophysiological mechanism remains elusive.AimsTo explore the mechanism of microRNA-451a (miR-451a) in the pathology and behaviours of depression.MethodsAbnormal miRNAs such as miR-451a reported previously in the serum of patients with MDD were screened and then confirmed in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS). Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice had miR-451a overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors encoding a pri-mmu-miR-451a-GFP fusion protein followed by behavioural and pathological analyses. Finally, molecular biological experiments were conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of miR-451a against depression.ResultsThe serum levels of miRNA-451a were significantly lower in patients with MDD, with a negative correlation with the Hamilton Depression Scale scores. Additionally, a negative association between serum miR-451a and behavioural despair or anhedonia was observed in CRS mice. Notably, miR-451a expression was significantly downregulated in the mPFC of CRS-susceptible mice. Overexpressing miR-451a in the mPFC reversed the loss of dendritic spines and the depression-like phenotype of CRS mice. Mechanistically, miR-451a could inhibit CRS-induced corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 expression via targeting transcription factor 2, subsequently protecting dendritic spine plasticity.ConclusionsTogether, these results highlighted miR-451a as a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for MDD.
Echocardiographic artificial intelligence for pulmonary hypertension classification
Authors: Hirata Yukina , Tsuji Takumasa , Kotoku Jun'ichi , Sata Masataka , Kusunose Kenya 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is crucial for determining the appropriate therapeutic strategy. We investigated whether machine learning (ML) algorithms may assist in echocardiographic PH prediction, where current guidelines recommend integrating several different parameters.MethodsWe obtained physical and echocardiographic data from 885 patients who underwent right heart catheterisation (RHC). Patients were classified into three groups: non-PH, precapillary PH and postcapillary PH, based on values obtained from RHC. Using 24 parameters, we created predictive models employing four different classifiers and selected the one with the highest area under the curve. We then calculated the macro-average classification accuracy for PH on the derivation cohort (n=720) and prospective validation data set (n=165), comparing the results with guideline-based echocardiographic assessment obtained from each cohort.ResultsLogistic regression with elastic net regularisation had the highest classification accuracy, with areas under the curves of 0.789, 0.766 and 0.742 for normal, precapillary PH and postcapillary PH, respectively. The ML model demonstrated significantly better predictive accuracy than the guideline-based echocardiographic assessment in the derivation cohort (59.4% vs 51.6%, p<0.01). In the independent validation data set, the ML model’s accuracy was comparable to the guideline-based PH classification (59.4% vs 57.8%, p=0.638).ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests promising potential for our ML model in predicting echocardiographic PH. Further research and validation are needed to fully assess its clinical utility in PH diagnosis and treatment decision-making.