bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revival of Optical Computing
Authors: Tanida Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical computing is a general term for high-performance computing technologies that effectively use the physical properties of light. With the rapid development of electronics, its superiority as a high-performance computing technology has diminished; however, there is momentum for research on new optical computing. This study reviews the history of optical computing, clarifies its diversity, and provides suggestions for new developments. Among the methods proposed thus far, those considered useful for utilizing optical technology in information systems are introduced. Subsequently, the significance of optical computing in the modern context is considered and directions for future development is presented.
Brain-Inspired Reservoir Computing Models
Authors: Katori Yuichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of brain-inspired reservoir computing models for sensory-motor information processing in the brain. These models are based on the idea that the brain processes information using a large population of interconnected neurons, where the dynamics of the system can amplify, transform, and integrate incoming signals. We discuss the reservoir predictive coding model, which uses predictive coding to explain how the brain generates expectations regarding sensory input and processes incoming signals. This model incorporates a reservoir of randomly connected neurons that can amplify and transform sensory inputs. Moreover, we describe the reservoir reinforcement learning model, which explains how the brain learns to make decisions based on rewards or punishments received after performing a certain action. This model uses a reservoir of randomly connected neurons to represent various possible actions and their associated rewards. The reservoir dynamics allow the brain to learn which actions lead to the highest reward. We then present an integrated model that combines these two reservoir computing models based on predictive coding and reinforcement learning. This model demonstrates how the brain integrates sensory information with reward signals to learn the most effective actions for a given situation. It also explains how the brain uses predictive coding to generate expectations about future sensory inputs and accordingly adjusts its actions. Overall, brain-inspired reservoir computing models provide a theoretical framework for understanding how the brain processes information and learns to make decisions. These models have the potential to revolutionize fields such as artificial intelligence and neuroscience, by advancing our understanding of the brain and inspiring new technologies.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Computing in Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Suzuki Hideyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNonlinearity is a key concept in the design and implementation of photonic neural networks for computing. This chapter introduces the fundamental models and concepts of recurrent neural networks, with a particular focus on their nonlinear dynamics. We review several types of nonlinear dynamics that emerge in symmetrically connected recurrent neural networks, in which the energy function plays a crucial role. In addition, we introduce the concepts of reservoir computing, covering fundamental models and physical reservoir computing. Overall, this chapter provides a foundation for the theoretical aspects in the subsequent chapters of this book, which explore a variety of photonic neural networks with nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics.
Fluorescence Energy Transfer Computing
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the concept and implementation of fluorescence energy transfer computing, specifically utilizing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between molecular fluorophores and quantum dots. FRET is a non-radiative form of excitation energy transfer that depends on the configuration and optical properties of molecular fluorophores and quantum dots. By designing energy flows through FRET, signal processing can be implemented to perform desired operations. Because the phenomenon occurs at the nanometer scale, miniaturization of information devices can be expected. This chapter reviews the concepts of FRET computing and the implementation of FRET computing devices. Then, a framework of DNA scaffold logic, which systematically handles FRET-based logic operations, is described. Finally, the idea of a FRET network is discussed as a method for enhancing FRET computing performance.
The Paradox of Urban Diversity and Cohesion
Authors: Ikeda Sanford 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhat fosters spontaneous complexity in a city? What are the conditions that enable the emergence of complex social order? Where do effective action spaces and innovations appear and why? Chapter 3 argued that increasing the scope and design of central planning lowers the spontaneity and complexity of a city. This chapter examines in greater detail why that happens by addressing the question of how certain physical elements of a living city work together to spontaneously generate the diversity necessary for a complex urban order.
A Living City Is Messy (and What Not to Do About It)
Authors: Ikeda Sanford 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA living city is an incubator of ideas and a congenial place for entrepreneurial discovery, innovation, and economic development. Such creativity emerges from trial and error, which entails not only successes but also failure, conflict, and disappointment. Great cities, like flesh-and-blood people, can also be very unpleasant, annoying, and sometimes dangerous. Indeed, any city that aspires to greatness will have something to offend everyone. This chapter looks at the sources of these unpleasant by-products, reviews efforts by some prominent figures in modernist urban planning and design influenced by “cartesian rationalism,” and critiques them within the Jacobsian-cum-market-process framework.
Intra‐operative laxity and balance impact 2‐year pain outcomes in TKA: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wakelin Edgar A. , Ponder Corey E. , Randall Amber L. , Koenig Jan A. , Plaskos Christopher , DeClaire Jeffrey H. , Lawrence Jeffrey M. , Keggi John M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to determine if intra‐operatively measured joint gaps are associated with 2‐year pain outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether balance and laxity windows could be defined throughout flexion to optimize 2‐year pain outcomes. Our hypothesis is that intra‐operative joint gaps are associated with 2 year post‐operative pain outcome.MethodsA prospective study investigating 310 robotically assisted TKAs was performed. Final intra‐operative joint gap data were recorded using a digital tensioner and component alignment data were recorded by the robotics system. Patient demographics and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were recorded pre‐operatively and KOOS and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) satisfaction were recorded at 2 years post‐op. A random search Simulated Annealing (SANN) optimisation algorithm was used to determine global optimum laxity and balance windows at different flexion angles which maximized the 2‐year KOOS pain scores. The windows were combined to determine the impact of achieving optimal laxity and balance throughout flexion. To improve clinical utility, boundaries identified by the SANN algorithm were rounded to the nearest 0.5 mm before statistical analysis.ResultsLaxity and balance windows were defined in extension (Med lax: ‐2.0 to 2.5 mm, Lat lax: ‐0.5 to 2.5 mm, Balance: ‐3.0 to 0.0 mm), mid‐flexion (Med lax: ‐1.0 to 2.5 mm, Lat lax: ‐0.5 to 3.0 mm, Balance: ‐2.0 to 2.0 mm), and flexion (Med lax: ‐2.0 to 3.5 mm, Lat lax: ‐2.0 to 1.5 mm, Balance: ‐3.0 to 3.0 mm). When all windows were satisfied, the greatest difference in KOOS pain score was observed (100.0 vs 94.4, p < 0.0001). The highest percentage of knees satisfying the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for KOOS pain was also observed in knees which satisfied all windows compared to knees which did not (93% vs 71%, p = 0.0009). The proportion of knees which satisfy the PASS threshold decreased in knees which only satisfied 1–3 (29%) or 4–6 (69%) windows (p ≤ 0.0018). No optimal windows were found between component alignment and KOOS pain outcome (p ≥ 0.1180). High satisfaction was found across all groups (≥ 95%).ConclusionIntra‐operatively measured joint gaps are associated with all KOOS sub‐score outcomes at 2 years after TKA. Optimal windows for a clinically relevant improvement in post‐operative KOOS pain were defined for laxity and balance but not for alignment indicating balance may have a greater impact on outcome than alignment.Level of evidenceII.
A spaced retraining schedule with 2‐day interval improves the acquisition and retention of simulation‐based basic arthroscopic skills
Authors: Yang Weihao , Li Wei , Guo Congyue , Wang Zihe , Wu Shangxing , Feng Lei , Yang Zhouwen , Xie Xiaobo , Tian Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effect of three differently spaced retraining schedules (1‐day, 2‐day, and 1‐week intervals) on the acquisition of basic arthroscopic skills and skill retention after 3 months.MethodsThirty orthopaedic residents without arthroscopic experience were enrolled in a double‐blind, randomised, parallel‐controlled trial. Spaced retaining schedules were divided into massed training and retraining phases. Participants were required to obtain perfect scores in all tasks on the simulator in the massed training phase, followed by a pretest to evaluate the training effect. During the retraining phase, participants were randomly assigned to Groups A (1‐day interval), B (2‐day interval) or C (1‐week interval). A posttest was used to evaluate the effect of different retraining patterns. Follow‐up evaluations were conducted at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the completion of spaced retraining schedules to measure skill retention. One‐way ANOVA and paired‐sample t tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsSignificant between‐group differences in diagnostic arthroscopy (137.0 ± 24.8 vs. 140.1 ± 21.3 vs. 175.3 ± 27.4 s, P(A−C) = 0.005, P(B−C) = 0.010) and loose body removal (193.1 ± 33.9 vs. 182.0 ± 32.1 vs. 228.7 ± 42.9 s, P(B−C) = 0.025) completion times were observed. No significant differences were found in other posttest metrics. An assessment of skill retention after the 3‐month follow‐up (Evaluation 3) showed significant differences in diagnostic arthroscopy completion time (202.5 ± 53.3 vs. 172.0 ± 27.2 vs. 225.5 ± 42.1 s, P(B−C) = 0.026). No significant differences were found in other Evaluation 3 metrics.ConclusionThe 2‐day retraining schedule was the most effective for the acquisition and retention of basic arthroscopic skills and could be integrated into arthroscopic skills curricula. After a 3‐month follow‐up, residents who followed this schedule showed better skill retention than those who followed the 1‐week interval schedule.Level of evidenceLevel I.
Volatilomes of human infection
Authors: Fitzgerald Shane , Holland Linda , Ahmed Waqar , Piechulla Birgit , Fowler Stephen J. , Morrin Aoife 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe human volatilome comprises a vast mixture of volatile emissions produced by the human body and its microbiomes. Following infection, the human volatilome undergoes significant shifts, and presents a unique medium for non-invasive biomarker discovery. In this review, we examine how the onset of infection impacts the production of volatile metabolites that reflects dysbiosis by pathogenic microbes. We describe key analytical workflows applied across both microbial and clinical volatilomics and emphasize the value in linking microbial studies to clinical investigations to robustly elucidate the metabolic species and pathways leading to the observed volatile signatures. We review the current state of the art across microbial and clinical volatilomics, outlining common objectives and successes of microbial-clinical volatilomic workflows. Finally, we propose key challenges, as well as our perspectives on emerging opportunities for developing clinically useful and targeted workflows that could significantly enhance and expedite current practices in infection diagnosis and monitoring.
Graphical Abstract
Understanding the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: analysis of the location of duodenal impression on upper gastrointestinal studies
Authors: Caterine Scott , Patil Nikhil S. , Takrouri Heba , Issenman Robert M. , Stein Nina R. , Donnellan John , Yikilmaz Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast studies are frequently requested to aid superior mesenteric artery syndrome diagnosis, a rare entity. Compression of the third duodenal part is expected to be mid-to-left of the midline where the superior mesenteric artery arises from the aorta; however, a duodenal impression to the right of the midline due to normal anatomic impression by the inferior vena cava (IVC) is often encountered and frequently misdiagnosed.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequencies of (1) normal right-of-midline duodenal impressions and (2) mid-to-left of midline compressions in upper GI studies in a tertiary pediatric referral center.

Materials and methods
All upper GI studies performed at our institution over 2 years were retrospectively evaluated to determine whether the duodenum had vertical duodenal impression to the right of the vertebral midline, mid-to-left of the vertebral midline, or no identifiable duodenal impression at all.

Results
In total, 538 upper GI studies were included in this analysis. A total of 275 male and 247 female patients between 0 and 17 years of age (median: 6 years, range: 1 month-17 years) were included. Of 538 total upper GI studies, there were 240 studies (44.6%) with a right-of-midline impression. There were only 10 studies (1.9%) with a mid-to-left of midline compression, and 9/10 also showed a concurrent right-sided impression sign.

Conclusion
Right-of-midline duodenal impression is a normal anatomic finding caused by the IVC and should not be confused with superior mesenteric artery syndrome. In the presence of an appropriate clinical context, proximal duodenal dilation, “to-and-fro” motion of contrast, and duodenal impression at mid-to-left of midline, a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome should be considered.

Graphical Abstract
Cardiac [99mTc]Tc-hydroxydiphosphonate uptake on bone scintigraphy in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: an early follow-up marker?
Authors: Tingen H. S. A. , Tubben A. , Bijzet J. , van den Berg M. P. , van der Meer P. , Houwerzijl E. J. , Muntinghe F. L. H. , van der Zwaag P. A. , Glaudemans A. W. J. M. , Oerlemans M. I. F. J. , Knackstedt C. , Michels M. , Hirsch A. , Hazenberg B. P. C. , Slart R. H. J. A. , Nienhuis H. L. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is a need for early quantitative markers of potential treatment response in patients with hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis to guide therapy. This study aims to evaluate changes in cardiac tracer uptake on bone scintigraphy in ATTRv amyloidosis patients on different treatments.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, outcomes of 20 patients treated with the transthyretin (TTR) gene silencer patisiran were compared to 12 patients treated with a TTR-stabilizer. Changes in NYHA class, cardiac biomarkers in serum, wall thickness, and diastolic parameters on echocardiography and NYHA class during treatment were evaluated.

Results
Median heart/whole-body (H/WB) ratio on bone scintigraphy decreased from 4.84 [4.00 to 5.31] to 4.16 [3.66 to 4.81] (p < .001) in patients treated with patisiran for 29 [15–34] months. No changes in the other follow-up parameters were observed. In patients treated with a TTR-stabilizer for 24 [20 to 30] months, H/WB ratio increased from 4.46 [3.24 to 5.13] to 4.96 [ 3.39 to 5.80] (p = .010), and troponin T increased from 19.5 [9.3 to 34.0] ng/L to 20.0 [11.8 to 47.8] ng/L (p = .025). All other parameters did not change during treatment with a TTR-stabilizer.

Conclusion
A change in cardiac tracer uptake on bone scintigraphy may be an early marker of treatment-specific response or disease progression in ATTRv amyloidosis patients.
Efficient single-crystal 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) on the optical, piezoelectric coefficient and structure of P(VDF-HFP) copolymer for energy conversion systems
Authors: Habib A. , Metwally M. M. , Fahmy T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP) doped with 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) composites with various concentrations of DAST dye is prepared using the casting method. The crystal structure and optical properties of the pure and P(VDF-HFP)/DAST composites with various contents of DAST dye are investigated using various techniques such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The analysis of XRD data and FTIR spectra revealed that the β-fraction has been improved in the composite samples with increasing the content of DAST dye. Analysis of UV spectra displayed that the optical band gap of P(VDF-HFP) pure copolymer is 5.41 eV and has been reduced to be 3.75 eV for P(VDF-HFP)/10 wt% DAST that will be suitable for efficient systems of energy conversion and multijunction-based layer solar cells. Also, it is found that the nonlinear and linear optical parameters of the composite samples are DAST dye-dependent. Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique has been applied to investigate the dipolar and space charge relaxations of the composites. Moreover, it is observed that the pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity are enhanced with increasing the content of DAST dye. The highest content of the DAST dye showed maximum values of the pyroelectric and the piezoelectric coefficients of ~ 4 × 10–5 C/m2 K and ~ 34 pC/N at stress of 6.27 × 105 Pa, respectively. Our results of the polymer/dye composites give an opportunity of a promising material for flexible piezoelectricity devices used in many potential applications and energy harvesting systems.
Development of application and surgical technique of total knee arthroplasties: a systematic comparative analysis using worldwide registers
Authors: Leitner Lukas , Hauer Georg , Rasic Laura , Clar Clemens , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to compare total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between countries with regard to epidemiologic data and surgical technique by the use of worldwide registers and compare findings with a previous report after one decade.

Methods
A systematic search was carried out in November 2022 and compared to previous reports from 2010. We extracted data regarding implanted TKAs, patients’ age distribution, procedure types, fixation and revision rates. After identification of 28 national arthroplasty registers, 8of them, namely Australia, Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland and Sweden, offered sufficient data and were included in final analysis.

Results
A large variation was found in the annual number of implantations per 100,000 inhabitants with a range from 77 to 210.2 (mean 132.8). The fixation type varied strongly as well, e.g. over 95% of totally cemented TKAs in Sweden versus 61.2% cemented fixation in Denmark. Another significant difference was the use of patellar resurfacing in TKA, ranging from 47.3% (Canada) using a patellar button in TKA to less than 5% (Sweden). Within the period of one decade, the mean overall number of annual implantations increased (10%), whilst relative number of revisions decreased, the use of cemented TKA decreased from 87 to 74%, and the use of patella button remained largely inhomogeneous.

Conclusion
Comparison of arthroplasty registers revealed large differences regarding the annual number of primary TKAs per inhabitant as well as primary TKA procedure types with an increase of annual implantations, decrease of relative number of revisions, and a decrease of the use of cemented systems over the period of one decade.
Multi-stage subduction-related metasomatism recorded in whiteschists from the Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps
Authors: Harris Benedict J. R. , De Hoog Jan C. M. , Halama Ralf , Schertl Hans-Peter , Chen Yi-Xiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhiteschists from the Dora-Maira massif (Western Alps, Italy) are Mg and K-rich metasomatised granites which experienced ultra-high-pressure metamorphism and fluid–rock interaction during Alpine continental subduction. The sources and timing of fluid infiltration are a source of significant debate. In this study, we present boron (B) isotopes and other fluid-mobile trace-element (FME) concentrations in various generations of phengite from whiteschists and their country rock protoliths to investigate the sources and timing of metasomatic fluid influx. Reconstructed bulk rock concentrations based on modal data and mineral compositions indicate that significant amounts B and other FME were added to the rock during prograde metamorphism, but that this fluid influx postdates the main Mg metasomatic event. High B concentrations (150–350 $$\upmu$$
μ
g/g) and light $${\delta^{\text{11}}}\text{B}$$

δ
11

B

values (− 16 to −4 ‰) recorded in phengite point to a B-rich sediment-derived fluid as the main source of B in the whiteschists. Further redistribution of FME during metamorphism was associated with breakdown of hydrous minerals, such as talc, phlogopite, and ellenbergerite. The source of the Mg-rich fluids cannot be constrained based on the B data in phengite, since its signature was overprinted by the later main B metasomatic event. Rare tourmaline-bearing whiteschists record additional information about B processes. Tourmaline $${\delta^{\text{11}}}\text{B}$$

δ
11

B

values (− 6 to +1 ‰) are in isotopic equilibrium with similar fluids to those recorded in most phengite, but phengites in tourmaline-bearing samples record anomalous B isotope compositions that reflect later redistribution of B. This study demonstrates the utility of in situ analyses in unravelling complex fluid–rock interaction histories, where whole-rock analyses make it difficult to distinguish between different stages of fluid–rock interaction. Polymetasomatism may result in decoupling of different isotopic systems, thus complicating their interpretation. The Dora-Maira whiteschists interacted with multiple generations of fluids during subduction and therefore may represent a long-lived fluid pathway.