bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Fracture Tests of Single-Lapped Bolted and Bonded Composite Joints
Authors: Jen Ming-Hwa R. , Lin Wei-Hwang 
Published: July 2004

The fracture tests of single-lapped and bolted and bonded mixed composite joints subjected to tension by using U.S. patented new model clip are systematically investigated. The failure load of those joints tested by conventionally clip of universal material testing machine are over-estimated by comparison, mainly attributed to the joint adherends are parallel but not in a line. Herein, the innovative clip of U.S. patent is introduced and manufactured in parametric study to generate the true value of strength of single-lapped mixed composite joint. Two types of lay-ups, such as cross-ply and quasi-isotropy, are used as adherends in composite joint. Single-lapped joint, riveted and bonded joint, and bolted and bonded joint with the varieties of clamping force, overlap length, gage length and fastener's properties are tested to yield the joint failure load, failure mechanism and feature behavior. A system of devices is disclosed to measure the clamping force that promotes the capability to analyze the complicated joint problem. Through a series of tests our achievements are highlighted. The joint failure load measured by new model clip (N-clip) is lower than that by conventional MTS clip (M-clip), i.e., previously used failure load is overestimated and the realistic failure load is lower. The joint of cross-ply adherend is always stronger than that of quasi-isotropic adherend. The overlap length in the single-lapped and mixed joints is a dominant factor. The failure load increases with increasing of overlap length until it reaches an asymptotical value when over three widths. Finally, the more clamping force is applied, the stronger the mixed joint is. Nevertheless, the bolted and bonded joint is always stronger than the riveted and bonded joint in the same testing conditions.
Experimental Validation of Morphology Simulation in Glass Fibre Reinforced Polycarbonate Discs
Authors: Neves N. M. , Pontes A. J. , Pouzada A. S. 
Published: July 2004

As assessment is made between Moldflow simulations and experimentally determined fibre orientation distributions at three points along the flow path and 12 layers across the thickness. The material used is a 10% weight by weight short glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate. With this material the physical interaction between fibres during flow is minimised. Centre gated circular discs, where both the shear and the extensional flows are present, were produced over a range of moulding conditions to analyse the effect of flow rate and melt temperature upon the fibre orientation. The fibre orientation was measured using image analysis tools in images obtained by reflection microscopy of polished sections, using the method proposed by Bay. The measurements were made in 12 layers across the thickness.
Suspended cells from trabecular bone by collagenase digestion become virtually identical to mesenchymal stem cells obtained from marrow aspirates
Authors: Sakaguchi Yusuke , Sekiya Ichiro , Yagishita Kazuyoshi , Ichinose Shizuko , Shinomiya Kenichi , Muneta Takeshi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Several reports describe that the explant culture of the trabecular bone after collagenase treatment produces mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the suspended cells had not been intensively examined concerning MSCs. We hypothesized that the cells would acquire the properties of MSCs during their expansion and therefore compared them with marrow aspirate-derived MSCs. Human trabecular bones were washed, digested, filtered, and expanded clonally for 14 days. Their proliferation ability (n = 9) and differentiation potentials for chondrocyte, adipocyte, and osteoblast (n = 6) were similar with those of marrow aspirate-derived MSCs. Epitope and mRNA analysis revealed some differences in both types of cells, which disappeared with expansion and subcultivation. A mixed population of collagenase-released (CR) cells had similar differentiation potentials with CR clone, CD31+ fraction, and osteoblastic cells. For quantitative study, trabecular bone and bone marrow were harvested by single aspiration using a biopsy needle (n = 16). Although the total nucleated cell number harvested was similar, the colony-forming efficiency of CR cells was approximately 100-fold higher than that of BM cells and more than 1 million CR cells could be obtained in 14 days from all donors. Enzymatically released cells from trabecular bone became virtually identical to marrow aspirate-derived MSCs, demonstrating that a trabecular bone fragment can be an alternative source of MSCs. (Blood. 2004; 104:2728-2735)
Human milk oligosaccharides reduce platelet-neutrophil complex formation leading to a decrease in neutrophil β 2 integrin expression
Authors: Bode Lars , Rudloff Silvia , Kunz Clemens , Strobel Stephan , Klein Nigel 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHuman milk is thought by many authorities to be preferable to formula as a source of nutrients for infants. Some of the benefits may stem from its high concentration of unbound oligosaccharides (5-10 g/L). These sugars have structural similarities to selectin ligands, known to mediate important cell–cell interactions in the immune system. Platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNC) exist in healthy individuals but have been implicated in disease states. Formation of these complexes requires selectins and as such, could be influenced by human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Here, we investigate this possibility by examining the effect of HMO on the formation of PNC and activation of associated neutrophils. We collected blood from 10 healthy volunteers, activated platelets with adenosine 5′-diphosphate, and added HMO, oligosaccharide standards, or phosphate-buffered saline as a control. We determined the influence of HMO on PNC formation and adjacent neutrophil activation with fluorescein-activated cell sorter analysis after labeling with antibodies for the platelet marker CD42a and the neutrophil activation marker CD11b. Within physiologically achievable concentrations (6.25-125 μg/mL), an acidic HMO fraction reduced PNC formation up to 20%, which was similar to the effect seen with high concentrations of sialyl-Lewis x. Associated neutrophils showed a dose-dependent decrease in β 2 integrin expression, up to 30%, at high but physiological concentrations. The neutral HMO fraction had no effect. These results support the hypothesis that acidic HMO serve as anti-inflammatory components of human milk and thus, contribute to the lower incidence of inflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis in breast-fed versus formula-fed infants.
Differing caspase-1 activation states in monocyte versus macrophage models of IL-1β processing and release
Authors: Kahlenberg J Michelle , Dubyak George R 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe release of IL-1β as an active, mature cytokine requires proteolytic processing by caspase-1, which is recruited to signaling complexes that facilitate its autocatalytic proteolysis and activation. Caspase-1 processing has been characterized in human monocyte and murine macrophage model systems, and comparative analyses indicate significant mechanistic differences in caspase-1 activation by these cell types. In this study, we used an in vitro processing assay to compare caspase-1 activation in THP-1 human monocytes vs. Bac1.2F5 murine macrophages. These in vitro caspase-1 and IL-1β processing reactions indicated a higher rate of constitutive caspase-1 activation in lysates from THP-1 vs. Bac1 cells. Transfer of small amounts of THP-1 lysate to Bac1 lysate rapidly increased in vitro procaspase-1 and proIL-1β processing in the latter preparation. The transferable activation factor(s) was heat-labile, ≥10 kDa, and unaffected by immunodepletion of procaspase-1 from the THP-1 lysate. Thi transactivating effect of THP-1 lysate on processing in Bac1 lysates could be mimicked by addition of purified recombinant human caspase-1. The constitutive caspase-1 and IL-1β processing reactions in THP-1 lysates were insensitive to pharmacological blockade by the tyrphostin, AG126, and the phospholipase A2 inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL); contrarily, the same processing reactions were inhibited in lysates from Bac1 cells pretreated with either AG126 or BEL. These observations indicate significant biochemical differences in the assembly and regulation of caspase-1 signaling complexes within human monocyte and murine macrophage models of inflammatory activation. These differences need to be considered when comparing or pharmacologically manipulating IL-1β processing and release in various model systems.
Crystal structures of Np(VI) and Pu(VI) phthalates, [NpO2{(OOC)2C6H4}H2O]·1/3H2O and [PuO2{(OOC)2C6H4}H2O]·H2O
Authors: Grigoriev M. S. , Antipin M. Yu. , Krot N. N. , Bessonov A. A. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Single crystals of [NpO2L(H2O)]·1/3H2O (I) and [PuO2L(H2O)]·H2O (II) (H2L — orthophthalic acid) have been synthesized, their structures have been determined by X-ray structural analysis. Actinide atoms in both compounds are seven-coordinated. The interaction between actinide dioxocations and phthalate anions results in formation of infinite tubes in I and layers in II. The structures are compared with those of other phthalate compounds of hexa- and pentavalent actinides, in particular, with the structure of [UO2L(H2O)]·H2O which differs from the structure II.
Removal of silver and antimony radionuclides from low-level liquid radioactive waste of a research reactor through different scavenging precipitations
Authors: Jan F. , Aslam M. , Orfi S. D. , Wahid A. 
Published: July 2004

Summary
After upgrading the Pakistan Research Reactor-1, the amount of liquid waste and its increased radioactivity content necessitated a pre-disposal treatment to bring the activity down to disposal limits. Amongst several radionuclides in the waste, 110mAg and to some extent 124Sb were of our concern due to their higher production rate. Different possible treatment processes were considered for the treatment of low-salt, low-level liquid waste of the institute. Making use of insolubilities and scavenging properties of certain precipitates of metal ions, some experiments on the actual waste samples were performed for the decontamination of the piled up waste effluent. Suitable reagent(s) and the optimum doses were to be investigated for the treatment and conditioning of the wastewater. Different scavenging agents like ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, stannous chloride, in situ precipitated manganese hydroxide and lanthanum nitrate were studied for the removal of these two radionuclides. Selectivity of Fe2+ and Fe3+ as scavengers for silver and antimony was investigated. Excellent Decontamination Factors (>1000) were obtained very cost effectively with some of the reagents tried. Based on these experiments, a working procedure making use of Fe(II) hydrous oxide scavenging precipitation for the chemical treatment of the waste effluent was optimized. These experiments are presented.
Fluorescence spectroscopy on protactinium(IV) in aqueous solution
Authors: Marquardt Christian M. , Panak P. J. , Apostolidis C. , Morgenstern A. , Walther C. , Klenze R. , Fanghänel Thomas 
Published: July 2004

Summary
This work focuses on time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) of Pa(IV) in aqueous solution. Excitation at 308 nm causes a fluorescence emission with a peak maximum at about 460 nm. Thereby, the position of the band´s maximum depends on the concentration, the type of the acid, and the pH value. Increasing complexation of the Pa(IV) ion leads to an increasing hypsochromic shift of the emission band up to 46 nm. In contrast to the band position the half-width (61.6±1.4 nm) and the lifetime (16±2 ns) of the fluorescence emission do not change significantly with changes in the chemical environment of the Pa(IV). The results of this work show that speciation of Pa(IV) can be performed even in aqueous solution by using TRLFS.
Factors Ruling Protein Adsorption
Authors: Czeslik Claus 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
In this short review an introduction to the phenomenon of protein adsorption will be given. Protein adsorption often plays the central role in a wide variety of processes occurring in medicine, biochemistry, biotechnology and daily life. The main types of interactions ruling protein adsorption are summarized in this review and the principles of a few powerful experimental techniques to characterize protein adsorbates are outlined. Taking the silica/water interface as an example, the driving forces for protein adsorption are discussed on the basis of recent experimental results. Finally, the interactions of proteins with polyelectrolyte brushes are described. These brushes combine favourable properties of other interfaces and permit a controlled immobilization of protein molecules.
Comparison of the Macroscopic Molecular Properties in Understanding the Structural Aspects of Mixed Aquo–Organic Binary Mixtures
Authors: Kuila Dilip Kumar , Lahiri S. C. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Understanding the structural aspects of aquo + organic mixtures and finding out a suitable physico-chemical parameter as a structural probe is of great importance from a theoretical and experimental point of view.
Attempts have been made to derive useful relations regarding the structure of aquo + organic mixtures [ethylene glycol + water, glycerol + water, dioxane + water, acetone + water and acetonitrile + water mixtures] of widely divergent characteristics based on different macroscopic molecular properties: (i) excess thermodynamic properties of mixing, (ii) excess dielectric constants, (iii) excess polarizability volumes, (iii) correlation factor ‘g’, (v) ultrasonic sound absorption, (vi) basicity or other suitable expressions. The properties give valuable details regarding the structure of aquo + organic mixtures.
Macroscopic molecular properties provide a summary of all interaction energies over a long time, but finer structural details may be available from microscopic properties (using relaxation techniques etc.).
A comparison of the macroscopic and microscopic methods for the determination of structural aspects of solvent systems is presented.
Compressibility Behaviour of some Copper (I) Perchlorate Complexes in Binary Mixtures of Acetonitrile with Nitromethane and Dimethylsulfoxide at 298.15 K
Authors: Gill Dip Singh , Pathania Vivek , Kumari Avnesh , Anand Hardeep , Jauhar S. P. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Ultrasonic velocity (u) and density (ρ) of the binary mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) with nitromethane (NM) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as well as of the solutions of Bu4NBPh4, Bu4NClO4, [Cu(CH3CN)4]ClO4, [Cu(Phen)2]ClO4, [Cu(DMPhen)2]ClO4 and [Cu((NH2)2CS)4]ClO4 have been measured over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. Using these data, isentropic compressibilities (K
s) and apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (K
s,

ϕ
) for various salts have been calculated and used for the evaluation of limiting apparent molal isentropic compressibilities (K
s,

ϕ

0). The K
s,

ϕ

0 values of various salts have been split into the contribution of individual ions (K
s,

ϕ

0)±. The (K
s,

ϕ

0)± values for all copper (I) cations [Cu(CH3CN)4]+, [Cu(Phen)2]+, [Cu(DMPhen)2]+ and [Cu((NH2)2CS)4]+ are negative and large, for Bu4N+ and Ph4B− are positive and large at all compositions in both AN + NM and AN + DMSO mixtures but for ClO4
− are negative in AN + DMSO mixtures and positive in AN + NM mixtures. The variation of (K
s,

ϕ

0)± values with solvent composition indicates that both DMSO and NM interact with complex copper (I) cations forming complex ions of the type [Cu(CH3CN)4 −

x
(S)
x
]+ (x = 1–4 and S = co-solvent) and [Cu(ligand)2]+(CH3CN)
y
(S)
z
in which AN is systematically replaced by the co-solvents. DMSO interacts more strongly with complex copper (I) cations and ClO4
− ion as compared to NM. Bu4N+ and Ph4B− show some special interaction with AN which decreases with the increase of NM or DMSO composition in the mixture.
An Ideal-Like Quinary Aqueous Solution Equilibrated with a Solid Cadmium-Containing Complex
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Zhi-Chang 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Complex-containing solutions such as H2O–NaCl–CdCl2 always strongly deviate from ideality and the non-ideality often increases with the complex former concentrations. Here we report isopiestic measurements of the H2O–NaCl–CdCl2–mannitol–sorbitol quinary solution equilibrated with the 2NaCl · CdCl2 · 3H2O solid complex at 25 °C, which show a linear relation between mannitol and sorbitol molalities, similar to that for the H2O–mannitol–sorbitol ternary solution. The reason for the ideal-like behavior of the quinary solution is that the saturated complex 2NaCl · CdCl2 · 3H2O has the similar effects as the isopiestic water on the unsaturated solutes mannitol and sorbitol and that the interaction between the isomers mannitol and sorbitol is negligible.
Abundance of Yellow‐Phase American Eels in the Hudson River Estuary
Authors: Morrison W. E. , Secor D. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFisheries for American eel Anguilla rostrata occur mostly in estuaries, yet eel abundance in large estuaries is poorly understood and the methods for estimating eel density underdeveloped. During 1997–1999, mark–recapture experiments were conducted for six consecutive days at six sites spanning the 250‐km tidal portion of the Hudson River estuary, New York. Each experiment comprised 36 baited eel traps arrayed at 200‐m intervals over 144‐ha sampling sites. Estimates of local density were complicated by eel behavior, including trap‐shy responses to marking and immigration into the experimental grid in response to bait attraction. We compared two open‐population models, both modified Peterson methods: Jolly–Seber and a model created to account for eel behavior termed the mean recapture model (MRM). The biases in model outputs in response to trap‐shy behavior and immigration were analyzed through simulations; the MRM showed less bias (−13%) than the Jolly–Seber model (+36%). Density estimates for the sampled regions ranged from 2 to 18 eels/ha for MRM and from 3 to 24 eels/ha for the Jolly–Seber model. The lowest density (1.6 eels/ha) was estimated for Albany (river km 240), but all other sites were estimated to have similar densities (5–18 eels/ha). The mean local density in the Hudson River estuary, 9.5 eels/ha, was much lower than those estimated for other systems. An overall abundance of 118,000 was calculated for Hudson River estuary eels larger than 30 cm (total length) at depths of 2–10 m.
Effect of Stock Size, Climate, Predation, and Trophic Status on Recruitment of Alewives in Lake Ontario, 1978–2000
Authors: O'Gorman Robert , Lantry Brian F. , Schneider Clifford P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe population of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Ontario is of great concern to fishery managers because alewives are the principal prey of introduced salmonines and because alewives negatively influence many endemic fishes. We used spring bottom trawl catches of alewives to investigate the roles of stock size, climate, predation, and lake trophic status on recruitment of alewives to age 2 in Lake Ontario during 1978–2000. Climate was indexed from the temperature of water entering a south‐shore municipal treatment plant, lake trophic status was indexed by the mean concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in surface water in spring, and predation was indexed by the product of the number of salmonines stocked and relative, first‐year survival of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A Ricker‐type parent–progeny model suggested that peak production of age‐1 alewives could occur over a broad range of spawning stock sizes, and the fit of the model was improved most by the addition of terms for spring water temperature and winter duration. With the addition of the two climate terms, the Ricker model indicated that when water was relatively warm in spring and the winter was relatively short, peak potential production of young was nine times higher than when water temperature and winters were average, and 73 times higher than when water was cold in spring and winters were long. Relative survival from age 1 to recruitment at age 2 was best described by a multiple linear regression with terms for adult abundance, TP, and predation. Mean recruitment of age‐2 fish in the 1978–1998 year‐classes predicted by using the two models in sequence was only about 20% greater than the observed mean recruitment. Model estimates fit the measured data exceptionally well for all but the largest four year‐classes, which suggests that the models will facilitate improvement in estimates of trophic transfer due to alewives.
Decline of the Frecklebelly Madtom in the Pearl River Based on Contemporary and Historical Surveys
Authors: Piller Kyle R. , Bart Henry L. , Tipton Jason A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe Pearl River has experienced numerous human‐caused disturbances since the 1950s, including completion of a navigation channel, reservoir construction, and channel modifications on the main stem of the river. These types of disturbances are known to negatively impact the biotic and abiotic components of riverine ecosystems. Since the 1960s, several fish species in the drainage have declined in abundance or have been extirpated from the drainage. We undertook this study to assess the current conservation status of the frecklebelly madtom Noturus munitus in the Pearl River drainage. A 1999 survey of 53 sites within the historic range of the frecklebelly madtom yielded only 13 specimens from eight localities. We also examined historical population trends for the frecklebelly madtom and other benthic fishes using archived museum material (1950– 1988). After standardizing for variation in collection effort, analysis of long‐term collection data indicated that frecklebelly madtom populations have declined significantly since the 1960s. Despite greater sampling effort in the postmodification period (1965–1988), frecklebelly madtoms were most abundant in samples during the modification period (1950–1964). Similar declines were observed for the brighteye darter Etheostoma lynceum, a gravel–riffle‐dependent species. Other percid taxa (including the crystal darter Crystallaria asprella (formerly Ammocrypta asprella), the saddleback darter Percina vigil, the Gulf logperch P. suttkusi, and the dusky darter P. sciera) showed no significant changes between modification and postmodification periods. However, benthic taxa (including the naked sand darter Ammocrypta beani, longnose shiner Notropis longirostris, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, hogchoker Trinectes maculatus, gulf darter E. swaini, speckled chub Macrhybopsis aestivalis, and silver chub M. storeriana) increased in abundance between modification and postmodification study periods. We suggest that channel changes and the loss of gravel substrates are related and are contributing to the decline of the frecklebelly madtom in the Pearl River drainage.