bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive temporal filters for all VDTs to prevent health hazards that can be more dangerous than you thought
Authors: Nomura Masahide , Takahashi Takeo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe survey of photosensitive seizures in Japanese “Pokemon incident” revealed that content‐dependent VDT hazards are a common treat to all who use video displays. We clinically studied photosensitive epilepsy patients, and show that an adaptive temporal; filtering developed by Nomura provides an effective means of preventing flicker‐trigger photosensitive seizures.
Eye Safety Analysis of Scanning Beam Displays
Authors: Gross A. , Lorenson C. , Golich D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractScanning beam displays use a light source to project video image directly on the retina of the eye, producing a bright, high‐resolution picture. These displays can be used in either occluded or see‐through mode in any applications where a conventional displays; e.g. cathode ray tube CRT would presently be used. Depending on the luminance required by the applications, different types of light sources can be used in the system. For occluded applications light‐emitting diodes LEDs can be used and for see‐through applications usually a laser is used. This paper analyzes the effects of the scanned beam on the retina compared to eye safety standards in place. Analysis for displays designed for military and consumer markets are presented.
P‐4: Defect Detection in Reflective Liquid‐Crystal Microdisplays
Authors: Pratt W. K. , Pendergrass R. A. , Sawkar S. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a recently developed automatic inspection system which detects, measures and classifies defects in reflective liquid crystal on silicon micro displays. The detected defects include single pixels and rows and columns of pixels of incorrect luminance. In addition, the system is capable of detecting and classifying a variety of blemishes, called mura, that appear as low‐contrast, non‐uniform brightness regions.
FLAT PANEL DISPLAY REPAIR PRACTICES
Authors: Ball S. , Cockey S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSequel performs FPD repair in 3 worldwide locations: San Jose, California; Taipei, Taiwan; and Reading, England. This paper will review the technical issues associated with the four major rework categories of FPD repair, focused to some degree on the largest category of FPD's, the liquid crystal display used in notebook computers. The four rework categories are:
TAB (TCP) Repair
Polarizer Replacement
Backlight Replacement
PCB Repair
Fog Imitators for Application in Aviation
Authors: Tsvetkov Valentin A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper reports results of developing three types of reduced visibility imitators for training flights. One of them made in a pilot lot of 50 units was tested in actual flights and got excellent references from aviation personnel. The imitators were made on the basis of cells with colorless LC material possessing the effect of dynamic light scattering (DSM).
A Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT with a SMC Poly‐Si Crystallized at 420 °C
Authors: Choi Y. J. , Kwak W. K. , Park S. J. , Yoon S. Y. , Kim C. O. , Jang J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAmorphous silicon (a‐Si) was crystallized by silicide mediated crystallization (SMC) using a very thin metal layer on a‐Si. Such structure can be crystallized by annealing for 30 min at 420 °C in the presence of an electric field of 100 V/cm. The poly‐Si TFT was fabricated using a triple layers of SMC poly‐Si, silicon‐nitride (SiNx), and a‐Si:H. The TFT exhibited a field effect mobility of 24 cm2/Vs and a threshold voltage of 1V, and an on/off current ratio of ∼105. The SMC poly‐Si TFT is very suitable for the production of large‐area, high quality liquid crystal displays.
Energy Recovery Sustain Circuit for Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Chang , Chen Chern‐Lin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel driver is proposed to drive a plasma display panel (PDP) in the sustaining operation. The proposed circuit uses the parallel resonance between the inductor and the intrinsic capacitance of PDP to mainly recover the energy lost by the capacitive displacement current of PDP and the parasitic resonance.
P‐22: Improvement of Luminance Efficiency in an ACPDP by Self‐Erase Discharge Waveform
Authors: Hashimoto T. , Iwata A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a novel waveform which improved the luminance efficiency of AC‐PDP without reducing the voltage margin. This waveform which induces self‐erase discharges by space charges, utilizes the memory effect of space charges like the puke memory of DC‐PDP, in addition to the memory effect of wall charges. More than a 15% higher efficiency is obtained in the 40‐inch diagonal XGA AC‐PDP developed by us when compared with the conventional waveform at the same operating point.
Electrical Properties of Interfaces and Turn‐on Characteristics of TFEL Devices
Authors: Lee Yun‐Hi , Shin Kyeong‐Sik , Kim Young‐Sik , Jang Yoon‐Taek , Sung Man‐Young , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Oh Myung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA relationship between interface property of BaTa2O6(BTO) insulting later and operating characteristics of EL devices was experimentally examined. In order to obtain information on BTO. temperature‐dependent‐current characteristics of ITO‐BTO‐A1 has been investigated as a function of applied field for the both polarities. The turn‐on voltage for TFRL devoces was lowered by the introduction of oxygen plasma exposure for the BTO film as well as top surface of ZnS. Luminance‐transferred charge curves of TFELD revealed as more symmetric for the oxygen plasma treated device for both polarities. The experimental results suggest that via variation of surface of BTO via post‐treatment of top‐surface of lower insulator and top‐surface of ZnS.
Dual Dynamic Vibration Suppression for Aperture‐Grille CRTs
Authors: Hashimoto M. , Taguchi H. , Tanaka M. , Seto K. , Doi F. , Ren M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the vibration problem of CRTs. It is found that a Dual Dynamic Vibration Suppressor for Aperture Grille CRTs is a new device to prevent a screen from oscillating. We use friction between metals in order to damp the vibration and to keep damping effect all the time. It is observed that the Dual Dynamic Vibration Suppressor decreases the amplitude of Aperture Grille tape vibration by 93%.
Electro‐Mechano‐Optical (ElMO) Microstructures Fabricated from Reactive Mesogens: A Novel Light Modulating Material
Authors: Cairns Darran R. , Sibulkin Merwin , Crawford Gregory P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have manufactured birefringent polymer balls by photo‐polymerizing suspensions of reactive mesogens in the nematic phase. The dielectric and optical anisotropy is captured by photo‐polymerization. The balls are Electro‐Mechano‐Optical (ElMO) in that they undergo a mechanical reorientation in the presence of an applied electric field, and therefore may be useful for display applications. We show that our spheres are suited for both conventional electrode arrangements and in‐plane switching modes. We present our modeling for the switching times and critical switching voltage and show the potential of ElMO materials in electro‐optic applications.
Clarification of “Gamma” and the Accurate Characterization of CRT Monitors
Authors: Deguchi Tatsuya , Katoh Naoya , Berns Roy S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractColor images are often viewed on CRT monitors with the widespread PCs and Internet. We clarified the term “gamma1)” which represents the monitor's tone characteristics, since this term is ambiguously used. Also, an accurate characterization method of CRT monitors was considered because it is essential to have color matching with other color imaging devices. We compared several characterization methods at different settings of the user‐controlled contrast and brightness, and found a more accurate characterization method than the conventional methods.
Color Reproduction of Twist Nematic LCD by Polynomial Regression Applied in Primary‐Invariance Model
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Yu , Liaw Ming‐Jiun , Shieh Han‐Ping D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAs primary‐shifts on LCDs is non‐negligible, primary‐invariance model, widely used to characterize the color reproduction on CRT monitors, can not be applied well on LCDs. To obtain average color difference of less than 3ΔE;*uv for LCDs, primary‐invariance forward model should be modified by at least a 3×9 regression analysis matrix. In backward model, polynomial regression method can transfer data in both RGB and XYZ domains. However, only in XYZ domain, desired colors can be reproduced sufficiently.
Focusing Properties of ThinCRT™ Display
Authors: Fahlen Theodore S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCandescent has developed a field emission flat panel display, the ThinCRT, based on high voltage phosphors to take advantage of their high efficiency, long life, commercial availability, and wide color gamut. This paper discusses the unique system developed to focus the electrons across the 1.25 mm anode/cathode gap required for high voltage operation.
38.1: Optimized ITO Thin Films from ultra‐High‐Density Single‐Phase Targets
Authors: Lupton D. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractFundamental requirements of sputter targets are discussed with regard to the mechanisms of conductance and transmission in ITO films. A novel, fully integrated process for the manufacture of targets is described which ensures excellent, highly reproducible sputtering characteristics. The targets are characterized by ultra‐high, uniform density, and they are closely matched to the crystal structure, charge‐carrier density and oxygen stoichiometry of optimum ITO thin films.
High Throughput, Low Temperature COG Bonding using Printed UV Curable ACA
Authors: Baumbach J. , Baur H. , Lueder E. , Yamauchi A. , Dorfmueller L. , Knoll P. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have successfully developed a 64μm pitch, high throughput, low temperature COG bonding process for glass and PES substrates. This process employs an optimized anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) and a fast ACA printing and UV curing method. The use of an ACA paste contributes to cost savings and the high intensity scanning spot curing enables a bonding time as small as 5sec at a bonding temperature as low as 120°C. Aging tests have proven a high reliability as needed for AMLCD.
A New Method for Measuring Convergence in CRTs
Authors: Chuang Charles , Wen Dustin , Hong Roger 
Published: January 2005

AbstractInstrumentation measurement of CRT convergence is not widely deployed in CRT display production lines today due to its high cost and slow measurement speed. A new method of CRT convergence measurement using low cost monochrome CCD sensors is reported here. Zone focus, in‐situ calibration, filter‐less color discrimination, on screen display, and high speed are some of the key attributes of this new instrument.
Paper 42.1: Invited Paper: Field‐Emission Lamp for Avionics AMLCD
Authors: Akinwande A. I. , Johnson B. R. , Heil B. G. , Holmen J. O. , Murphy D. P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report the demonstration of a field emission lamp for Avionics AMLCD backlighting. This lamp promises to be thin, high brightness, high luminous efficiency, and temperature invariant with uniform diffuse light output. It will also require less electronic control circuitry. The lamp consists of a two‐dimensional array of thin‐film‐edge field emitter microstructures and a phosphor screen separated by spacers. This paper describes the operation, design, fabrication and characterization of a thin‐film‐edge field emission lamp. It also explores the use of other cold electron sources such as diamond and carbon nanotubes.
Color Filters for LCD Miniature Displays
Authors: Doyle J. P. , Cordes M. J. , Cordes S. A. , Budd R. , Chiu G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMiniature displays are growing rapidly for applications in head‐mounted displays, electronic viewfinders, and projection displays. In this paper, we successfully pushed color filter‐technology down to a 5 micron pixel size in LCD miniature displays. A PMMA barrier layer encapsulates the color filter to achieve chemical and heat stability during processing steps.
44.2: Novel Fabrication of Inorganic Color Filter Using Transmittance of Thin‐Film Layers
Authors: Kim S. M. , Kim J. H. , Soh H. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel inorganic color filter (ICF) for the reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) has been proposed and fabricated for red color filter. The optical interference film of only 3‐layer consists of thin films of Iridium Tin Oxide (ITO), silicon nitride (SiNx) as transmittance layer and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) as an absorption layer. There was no color shift as defined value less than 3.0 of ΔE*ab for the ICF in the viewing angle up to 30 degrees.
44.3: Inhomogeneous Thin‐Film Optical Coatings for Flat‐Panel‐Display Applications
Authors: Lim S. , Chang H. , Wager J. F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOptical reflection filters for red, green, and blue colors for information display application could be easily fabricated by using inhomogeneous silicon oxynitride(SiON) thin films. Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was used to deposit SiON thin film, A band rejection filter with its rejection peak at 490nm was designed and fabricated by the computer‐controlled PECVD.
45.1 Optical Properties of the Gray Scale States of Cholesteric Reflective Displays
Authors: Xu Ming , Yang Deng‐ke 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe studied the bistable cholesteric reflective display in gray scale states. The display exhibits wide viewing angles with no gray scale inversions. By modeling the reflection spectra, we characterized the helical axis orientations, the pitch variations and the effective volume fractions of the gray scale states.
Electro‐Optic Investigations of H‐PDLCs: The Effect of Monomer Functionality on Display Performance
Authors: Bowley C. C. , Fontecchio A. K. , Crawford G. P. , Yuan H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe investigate the effect of monomer functionality on the electro‐optic performance of holographically‐formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Oligomers of functionality 2, 3 and 6 are mixed to yield oligomers of intermediate functionality. Reflection efficiency and critical field peaks are reported for effective functionality ∼4.5. SEM studies allow us to correlate these results to polymer morphology.
Optimization of Bend Cells for Field‐Sequential Color Microdisplay Applications
Authors: Watson P. , Bos P. J. , Gandhi J. , Ji Y. , Stefanov M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe geometry and waveforms of optically compensated bend cells are optimized for field‐sequential color microdisplay applications. A unique software package based employing D. W. Berreman's modeling software as a calculation engine is used to determine the critical voltages, dynamics and optics of reflective bend cell microdisplays. The optimized configuration features an on‐off time of less than 2 ms for a 4 micron cell, and is fully compatible with existing electronics. Such a LCOS display is an excellent candidate for frame sequential color display projection applications.
Suppression of the onset and progression of collagen‐induced arthritis by chebulagic acid screened from a natural product library
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ik , Hyun Pung‐Mi , Kim Seung‐Hyung , Kim Kyoung‐Shin , Lee Sang‐Keun , Kim Byoung‐Soo , Maeng Pil Jae , Lim Jong‐Soon 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveChebulagic acid (CHE) from the immature seeds of Terminalia chebula was identified from a natural product library as a potent suppressor of T cell activity. This study examined the effectiveness of CHE against the onset and progression of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.MethodsArthritis was induced in DBA/1J mice by subcutaneous immunization with bovine type II collagen on days 0 and 21. CHE was administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks, either as prophylaxis (10 or 20 mg/kg) before disease onset or as therapy (20 mg/kg) after disease onset. Clinical scores, serum antibody levels, and cytokines were measured, and flow cytometric analysis and real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate the knee joints of mice with CIA.ResultsIn both the prophylactic and therapeutic CHE dosing models, all clinical scores, serum levels of total and anticollagen IgG, and levels of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐6 were reduced, while serum levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) were markedly elevated. The number of granulocytes was reduced, but the proportion of CD4+,CD25+ T cells was greater in the knee joints of CHE‐treated CIA mice. Expression of Foxp3 and TGFβ messenger RNA was also augmented significantly in the knee joints of CHE‐treated CIA mice in the therapeutic dosing model.ConclusionCHE significantly suppressed the onset and progression of CIA in mice. Immune suppression via the induction of TGFβ and CD4+,CD25+ T cells may represent a new strategy in the development of therapies for managing rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
Early suppression of disease activity is essential for maintenance of work capacity in patients with recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis: Five‐year experience from the FIN‐RACo trial
Authors: Puolakka Kari , Kautiainen Hannu , Möttönen Timo , Hannonen Pekka , Korpela Markku , Hakala Markku , Järvinen Pentti , Ahonen Jari , Forsberg Sinikka , Leirisalo‐Repo Marjatta 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the impact of an early treatment response on maintenance of work capacity in patients with early, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn the Finnish Rheumatoid Arthritis Combination Therapy trial, 195 patients with recent‐onset RA were randomized to receive either a combination of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with prednisolone or a single DMARD with or without prednisolone for 2 years. Treatment responses were evaluated according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. After a 5‐year followup, the cumulative number of days of sick leave and RA‐related permanent work disability was calculated for each of the 162 patients who were available for the active work force at baseline.ResultsOf the 159 patients assessed at 6 months, 29 were in clinical remission, 66 achieved an ACR50 response but not remission, 29 achieved an ACR20 response but not an ACR50 response, and 35 failed to achieve an ACR20 response. In these 4 groups, the median numbers of work disability days per patient‐year from 6 months through 60 months of followup were 0 (interquartile range [IQR] 0–3), 4 (IQR 0–131), 16 (IQR 0–170), and 352 (16–365), respectively (P < 0.001). Pairwise multiple comparisons showed a statistically significant difference between all groups except the ACR50 and ACR20 groups. At 12 months, 30 patients were in remission. None of the 44 patients in remission at 6 or 12 months became permanently work disabled over the 5‐year followup, as compared with 15 patients in the ACR50 group (23%), 6 in the ACR20 group (21%), and 19 without an ACR20 response at 6 months (56%).ConclusionPrompt induction of remission translates into maintenance of work capacity. At 6 months, an ACR50 response is no better than an ACR20 response with regard to future productivity, while failure to achieve an ACR20 response carries a high risk for work disability.
Induction of remission by B lymphocyte depletion in eleven patients with refractory antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis
Authors: Keogh Karina A. , Wylam Mark E. , Stone John H. , Specks Ulrich 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical effects of rituximab therapy in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV).MethodsThe study group comprised 11 patients who had active AAV despite receiving maximally tolerated doses of cyclophosphamide or had contraindications for cyclophosphamide use. All patients had ANCA reactive against proteinase 3. The patients received rituximab infusions and glucocorticoids to induce remission. Three patients also received plasma exchange. No other immunosuppressive agents were used. Glucocorticoids were tapered as soon as control of disease activity was achieved. Disease activity was monitored using the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score, modified for Wegener's granulomatosis.ResultsRituximab therapy was well tolerated by all patients, and adverse events were rare. Following the rituximab infusions, circulating B lymphocytes became undetectable, and ANCA titers decreased significantly. Remission was achieved in all patients and was maintained while B lymphocytes were absent.ConclusionThe ability to achieve stable remissions with rituximab in patients with AAV refractory to conventional therapy suggests that B lymphocyte depletion may be a safe, effective, mechanism‐based treatment modality for treatment of patients with these conditions.
Differential matrix degradation and turnover in early cartilage lesions of human knee and ankle joints
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Squires Ginette R. , Reiner Agnes , Mollenhauer Juergen A. , Kuettner Klaus E. , Poole A. Robin , Cole Ada A. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in matrix turnover within early cartilage lesions of the ankle (talocrural) joint compared with the knee (tibiofemoral) joint that may help explain differences in the prevalence of osteoarthritis in these 2 joints.MethodsCartilage removed from lesions of the tali and femoral condyles was analyzed for type IIB collagen messenger RNA, C‐terminal type II procollagen propeptide (CPII), the collagenase cleavage neoepitope (Col2‐3/4Cshort), and the denaturation epitope (Col2‐3/4m). The content of collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and epitope 846 of aggrecan was quantitated.ResultsIn ankle lesions, there was an up‐regulation of markers of synthesis (CPII [P = 0.07]; epitope 846 [P ≤ 0.0001]), but these were down‐regulated in the knee (CPII [P = 0.1]; epitope 846 [P = 0.004]). In lesions of the knee, but not the ankle, there was an up‐regulation of collagen degradation markers (P = 0.008). On a molar basis, there was 24 times more cleavage epitope than denaturation epitope in knee lesions compared with ankle lesions.ConclusionThe up‐regulation of matrix turnover that is seen in early cartilage lesions of the ankle would appear to represent an attempt to repair the damaged matrix. The increase in collagen synthesis and aggrecan turnover seen in ankle lesions is absent from knee lesions. Instead, there is an increase in type II collagen cleavage. Together with the differences in collagen denaturation, these changes point to an emphasis on matrix assembly during early lesion development in the ankle and to degradation in the knee, resulting in fundamental differences in matrix turnover in these lesions.