bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Institutional Randomized Phase II Trial of the Epothilone B Analog Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) With or Without Estramustine Phosphate in Patients With Progressive Castrate Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Small Eric J. , Oh William K. , Chen Isan , Smith David C. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Martone Lou , Curley Tracy , DeLaCruz Anthony , Scher Howard I. , Kelly W. Kevin 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To evaluate the antitumor activity and safety of the epothilone B analog, ixabepilone, with or without estramustine phosphate (EMP), in chemotherapy-naive patients with progressive castrate metastatic prostate cancer. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive ixabepilone (35 mg/m2) by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with or without EMP 280 mg orally three times daily on days 1 to 5. Results Between December 2001 and October 2003, 92 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment with ixabepilone alone (45 patients) or in combination with EMP (47 patients). Grades 3 and 4 toxicities experienced by more than 5% of patients included neutropenia (22%), fatigue (9%), and neuropathy (13%) on the ixabepilone arm, and neutropenia (29%), febrile neutropenia (9%), fatigue (9%), neuropathy (7%), and thrombosis (6%) on the ixabepilone + EMP arm. Post-treatment declines in prostate-specific antigen of ≥ 50% were achieved in 21 of 44 patients (48%; 95% CI, 33% to 64%) on the ixabepilone arm, and 31 of 45 patients (69%; 95% CI, 55% to 82%) on the ixabepilone + EMP arm. In patients with measurable disease, partial responses were observed in eight of 25 patients (32%; 95% CI, 14% to 50%) on the ixabepilone arm, and 11 of 23 (48%; 95% CI, 27% to 68%) on the ixabepilone + EMP arm. Time to prostate-specific antigen progression was 4.4 months (95% CI, 3.1 to 6.9 months) on the ixabepilone-alone arm and 5.2 months (95% CI, 4.5 to 6.8 months) on the combination arm. Conclusion Ixabepilone, with or without estramustine phosphate, is well tolerated and has antitumor activity in patients with castrate metastatic prostate cancer.
A histochemical study of the hamster ovary
Authors: Guraya Sardul S. , Greenwald Gilbert S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hamster ovary has been studied histochemically for various lipids. The granulosa cells of normal follicles contain lipid bodies of various sizes composed mainly of phospholipids. Some lipid bodies also contain triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters. The theca cells contain lipid granules consisting of phospholipids. At the onset of atresia, the granulosa stores lipids abundantly which consist of triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters and a slight amount of phospholipids. The theca of atretic follicles, also stores lipids consisting of phospholipids first, and then in sequence phospholipids and triglycerides and finally phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and its esters. The theca hypertrophies and persists to form the interstitial gland whereas the granulosa cells, with their lipid droplets, regress and disappear. The interstitial gland in the hamster ovary occurs as patches of various sizes and these are derived from the theca of atretic preantral and antral follicles. Most of the lipid droplets of the interstitial gland, are mobilized within the preovulatory ovary. The replenishment of lipid droplets begins on day 1 of the cycle (metestrus). On day 2, the interstitial gland is again filled with lipid droplets which are rich in cholesterol and its esters, triglycerides and phospholipids.In ovaries treated with pregnant mare's serum (PMS) on each of the days of the estrous cycle, numerous large preantral follicles having 4–7 layered granulosa, are stimulated to ovulate. Normally such follicles become atretic, indicating that a lack of sufficient endogenous pituitary gonadotrophins prevents these follicles from maturing. Neutral lipids, especially cholesterol and its esters, could not be demonstrated in the normal granulosa in the PMS‐treated ovaries. The follicles, which were atretic at the time of injections, were not affected by exogenous hormones. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) did not conspicuously affect the growth of follicles. Both PMS and HCG caused mobilization of lipid droplets from the interstitial gland.
The lymphatic system of Didelphys azarae and Didelphys marsupialis
Authors: Azzali Giacomo , Didio Liberato J. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe lymphatic system of 45 Didelphys azarae and 15 Didelphys marsupialis, both species found in Brazil, were studied after injection of Prussian blue suspension and neoprene latex (the latter followed by partial corrosion). The data concern the lymph nodes, the lymphatic networks, vessels and principal trunks. The lymph nodal system in Didelphys is less developed (several nodes are missing) than that of the rodents of the same size. In Didelphys, the posterior cranial mediastinal lymph nodes are well developed: the right node receives the lymph from the stomach and diaphragm through vessels draining the para‐esophageal, anterior mediastinal and caudal bronchial nodes, a fact not yet observed in other mammals. Each organ or area has its own lymph nodal station. The posterior para‐aortic lymph nodes are almost always absent in the males, while in females only the right one is found. The common iliac lymph nodes are missing and it seems that they are replaced by lymphatic dilatations. Only one lymph node is found for the small intestine and two for the large intestine. The lymphatic networks are simple — 4–5 patches are found in the small intestine and one is constant in the terminal ileum. Other features are the separate drainage of each vaginal cornu and the partial duplication of the thoracic duct.
An electron microscope study of the development of the somatic muscle of the chick embryo
Authors: Dessouky D. A. , Hibbs Richard G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSomites 16 through 18 were obtained from chick embryos from 36 hours to 15 days incubation, and prepared for both light and electron microscopy. It was found that the myoblasts in the early stages increase in size and become elongated. Myofilaments of two types are first discernible in the peripheral cytoplasm in the 32 somite stage. Those of one type are about 100 Å in diameter and are probably myosin, while the others are approximately 70 Å and are believed to be actin. These filaments are organized into bundles (myofibrils) which are from the first striated. Throughout later development recognizable myofibrils are present; alongside are found numerous myofilament bundles in all stages of development indicating continuous myofibril formation. Smooth‐surfaced vesicles and tubules become the main constituent of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes numerous at first, take up positions around the developing filament bundles and decrease in number as the myofilaments are formed. At the time of appearance of the first myofilaments, glycogen granules become visible in the sarcoplasm and increase rapidly in number. The mitochondria become arranged between the developing myofibrils.
The fine structure of bat spermatozoa
Authors: Fawcett Don W. , Ito Susumu 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of epididymal spermatozoa of Myotis lucifugus and Eptesicus fuscus is described. Caudal to the acrosomal cap in both species, a thin intermediate layer is described as uniting the plasmalemma to the outer leaf of the nuclear envelope. Although this layer does not form a separate cap‐like structure, it evidently corresponds to the “post nuclear cap” of light microscopists. A redundant portion of the nuclear envelope turns away from the condensed chromatin and continues caudad into the neck region where it forms a pair of concentric membrane systems on either side of the connecting piece. Two flattened mitochondria are closely applied to the dorsal and ventral aspects of the connecting piece.The sperm tails in the two species are generally similar except for the shape and distribution of mitochondria in the middle‐piece and the thickness of the fibrous sheath of the principal piece. A unique arrangement of the mitochondria in Myotis makes it possible to determine the orientation of the plane of the central pair of flagellar fibrils in relation to the transverse axis of the flattened head and hence to deduce the probable plane of bending movments of the tail. Cortical and medullary zones are distinguished in the outer dense fibers of the flagellum and fibers 9, 1, 5, and 6 are consistently larger than the others. A set of slender satellite fibers are closely related to the inner aspect of the nine large outer fibers. Additional structural details of the axial filament complex are described, especially the cross‐sectional configuration of the subfibrils in the doublets and their mode of termination in the end‐piece. No “secondary fibers” or “mid fiber” were found.Since the axial filament complex of mammalian sperm tails is not continuous with a basal body, as in other flagella, it is suggested that the connecting piece is a centriolar derivative and may be the functional equivalent of a basal body for both the axial complex and the outer dense fibers.Comparisons are made of bat sperm tails and those of other mammalian species and the ultrastructure and arrangements of tail components are discussed in relation to the current concepts of sperm locomotion.
A study of salivary glands of rats injected with actinomycin D
Authors: Jhee Heun T. , Han Seong S. , Avery James K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA study has been made of the salivary glands of the rat following an injection of a sublethal dose of actinomycin D. Body weights and weights of the parotid and submandibular glands showed significant decreases during the first 7 to 14 days. The loss in weight was the greatest in the parotid gland.Histological and cytological observations indicated that the changes in secretory cells occurred in the following order: (1) beginning of nuclear pyknosis with a rapid decrease in number and size of nuclei by 24 hours after the injection; (2) advanced stages of nuclear pyknosis with concomitant decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia and granules by day 3; (3) apparent vacuolization and rarification of cytoplasm by day 7; (4) beginning of nucleolar and nuclear recovery by day 10; and (5) complete cytoplasmic recovery by the end of experiment as evidenced by the return of basophilia and disappearance of vacuoles.Paralleling the weight changes, cytological damages were greater in the parotid than in the submandibular acini. This was thought to be related to differences in nature of secretory products by the two organs. A decrease in number and pronounced irregularity in size of the granules in salivary ducts of the submandibular gland were observed but at a later time than the above mentioned changes in the acini. The significance of these changes has been discussed in light of the recently gained knowledge on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins as related to the chemical mechanism of actinomycin D in the inhibition of m‐RNA synthesis.
Secretory epithelium of the large axillary sweat glands. A cytochemical and electron microscopic study
Authors: Biempica Luis , Montes Leopoldo F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe secretory cells of large axillary sweat glands from 12 normal adults were studied at the light and electron microscope levels, using techniques for localization of enzyme reaction product. The morphological and cytochemical characteristics of the plasma membrane and cell organelles (Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules) were observed. An interpretation of the secretory process was attempted. Most of the evidence spoke against the existence of an apocrine mechanism. Possibly some of the methods employed also could be used for the demonstration of hormone action on the LASG.
Connective tissue responses to altered collagen and bone implants
Authors: Irving J. T. , Migliore S. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ϵ‐amino groups of reconstituted collagen were treated in a variety of ways and the collagen implanted subcutaneously in rats. After two weeks the implants were removed and examined histologically. A giant cell response was seen around the collagens treated with 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene, p‐nitrobenzoylchloride or carbobenzoxychloride, but not with the other reagents. Parallel experiments with autogenous bone, treated with the same methods, were carried out. A mild giant cell response was found in the untreated bone, but was enchanced only in bone treated with the same three reagents. It would appear that the giant cell response was greatly increased when the attached benzene ring had nitro groups in the para position, and also when there was an ester linkage in the attached radicle. It is unlikely that this reaction was immunological in character. The giant cells have many of the properties of osteoclasts. It is suggested that it is the nature of the organic matrix of bone that determines if osteoclasis shall occur.
A comparison of the incisor teeth of intact, hypophysectomized and thyropara‐thyroidectomized rats
Authors: Gavin J. B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThree types of macroscopic incisor abnormality were observed in Wistar rats examined post mortem. Most common was an altered relationship of the incisors to one another due to either fracture, elongation, rotation, malposition, or a combination of these factors affecting one or more incisors. Enamel hypoplasia was evident as opaque whitish blotches, bands or fine transverse striations. Other incisors showed an overall uniform pallor of the enamel. These abnormalities frequently affected the same animal or the same incisor. The associations between them were significant (P< 0.01). All the incisors of the intact group were normal and the incidence of abnormalities in hypophysectomized rats was not significantly higher (P > 0.05). However, of the thyroparathyroidectomized animals 56.8% had an abnormal incisor relationship, 28.4% showed discrete enamel defects and 23% showed enamel pallor. The incidence of all types of abnormality was higher in surgically thyroparathyroidectomized rats (P< 0.05) than in other groups. No significant differences were found between completely and incompletely thyroidectomized rats or between subgroups which received different drug treatments. These findings are discussed in relation to similar reports and hypotheses are advanced to explain the abnormalities. Parathyroid deficiency rather than thyroid deficiency appears the most important etiological factor.
The fine structure of the aglomerular nephron of the toadfish, Opsanus tau
Authors: Bulger Ruth Ellen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractKidney cell fine structure in the aglomerular fish, Opsanus tau, varies profoundly with different fixation procedures. An extensive system of cisternae, tubules and irregular‐shaped elements of smooth‐surfaced membranes are seen in the basal cytoplasm after fixation with 2% OsO4 buffered with s‐collidine. Permanganate fixation demonstrates these membranes as extensions of the basal plasmalemma. Mitochondria and homogeneous bodies surrounded by a single dense membrane lie in close association with the basal membranes. The apical cytoplasm contains an abundance of smooth‐surfaced elements whose morphology varies with the fixation procedure used. The fine structure of these cells is discussed with respect to that of other ion transporting tissues and with respect to the concept that basal infoldings are related to “water reabsorption”.
Electron microscopic observations of neurosecretory granules, nerve and glial fibers, and blood vessels in the median eminence of the rabbit
Authors: Duffy P. E. , Menefee M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe median eminence of the rabbit has been studied electron microscopically and the neurosecretory granules in the nerve terminals of the external layer were shown to be smaller and have a denser central core than the granules composing Herring bodies which are generally larger and have a paler core which is finely granular or vesicular. It was proposed that the small dense granules, which may represent neurosecretory substances destined to reach the pars distalis via portal veins, reach the nerve terminals in the external layer via certain dilated fibers described in this paper which contain identical granules. Some may also arise from the small dense granules occasionally seen in Herring bodies.The demonstration of neurotubules within Herring bodies and the continuity of nerve fibers into Herring bodies, as well as the demonstration of myelin around some aggregates of large pale granules such as those seen in Herring bodies are further evidence that Herring bodies are dilated axons. Wide perivascular connective tissue spaces and interfibrillary spaces were generally seen in the external but not the internal layers. The absence of neurosecretory granules from the perivascular connective tissue spaces suggests that neurosecretory granules go into solution before entering the connective tissue space. Some fibers containing neurosecretory granules, however, penetrated through the basement membrane into the perivascular spaces and certain unidentified electron dense granules were seen beneath the basement membrane of blood vessels.
Antigen (ferritin) and antibody distribution in the rat lymph node after primary and secondary responses and after prolonged stimulation
Authors: Buyukozer Ilhan , Mutlu Kamile Sevki , Pepe Frank A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWith electron microscopy it was observed that ferritin antigen was taken up in pinocytotic vesicles by the reticular cells. No antigen was observed in lymphocytes, in immature or mature plasma cells after primary and secondary stimulation, or after hyperstimulation. In hyperstimulated tissue a larger number of more complex vesicles containing ferritin were visible, more ferritin was found free in the cytoplasm and a larger number of multiple‐membraned figures were present.Hyperstimulation led to the appearance of activated fixed reticular cells which were characterized by cytoplasm containing a rich endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae and ferritin both free and in vesicles. The activated fixed reticular cells therefore contain antigenic ferritin and have the characteristics of cells engaged in protein synthesis.Using fluorescent antibody staining no antigenic material was detectable in the antibody producing plasma cell; therefore if antigen fragments not identifiable in electron microscopy are present they are in a form not available for antibody staining. Gamma‐globulin was not detectable in the activated reticular cell. It may be necessary for the intact antigen to be completely modified and for the cell to lose its fixed position before γ‐globulin synthesis can begin.
On spirality in the intestinal wall
Authors: Elsen John , Arey Leslie B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMethods of stripping did not demonstrate a significant spiral course of fibers within longitudinal muscle coats of the jejuno‐ileum of the dog, cat, hog or man.Similar lack of spirality also characterized the large intestine of the dog. The presence of taeniae in the hog and man, and the extremely thin layer of muscle between them, permitted only the demonstration of directly longitudinal muscle in taeniae.Bands of muscle stripped from circular coats of the small intestine of the dog and hog came off overwhelmingly in complete rings. Stripping of the human intestine did not yield complete rings; breakage at anastomoses with the adjoining muscle sheet may indicate oblique bands that link up a fiber system, essentially circular, into a functionally spiral system.Bands stripped from circular coats of the large intestine of the dog came off overwhelmingly as circles. The taeniae of the hog and man prevent obtaining complete strips.Stripping of the submucosal stratum of the small intestine of the dog and man, and of the large intestine of the dog, revealed a latticed tube. Its fibers intersect in double spirals, coursing at angles of approximately 45° to the longitudinal axis of the intestine.
Reproduction in the ferret (Mustela furo) I. Uterine histology and histochemistry during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy
Authors: Buchanan G. Dale 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSimilar histological and histochemical changes occur in the uteri of pregnant and pseudopregnant ferrets. The pre‐implantation period is characterized by general growth of the tissue and moderate secretory activity. At the time of implantation, the luminal epithelium undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia and shows much secretory activity. This area of altered activity sweeps progressively toward the gland fundi and the epithelium behind it becomes greatly enlarged and forms symplasmic masses. Symplasma formation occurs in all regions of the uterus, in contrast to other carnivores where it occurs only next to trophoblast and in response to uterine trauma.The principal uterine secretions are mucoproteins and glycoproteins. There is some evidence that pseudopregnant uteri, but not pregnant uteri, secrete acid mucopolysaccharides. Glycogen is present in moderate amounts at estrus, declines during the pre‐implantation period, and is absent during gestation. A light to moderate diffuse sudanophilia is seen during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy, becoming more pronounced toward the end of the gestation period. Occasional cholesterol crystals are seen in macrophages in the stroma of pregnant, but not pseudopregnant, uteri. Macrophages containing hemosiderin were seen in all uteri examined, being most abundant in estrous and early pre‐implantation uteri. Uterine mast cells were abundant at estrus, declined during the pre‐implantation period and decreased markedly at the time of implantation. The results are compared with data from other carnivore species.
Histochemical studies on the Pacinian corpuscle
Authors: Shanthaveerappa T. R. , Bourne G. H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDetailed studies on the localization of various oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes were made of the Pacinian corpuscle nerve fiber, inner core and lamellae. The nerve fiber of the corpuscle was found to be rich in specific and nonspecific cholinesterases, simple esterase, lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, and 5‐nucleotidase enzymes. It showed moderately positive activity for acid phosphatase, and negligible activity for monoamine oxidase. The lamellar cells and the inner core cells showed mild to moderate positive activity for all these enzymes excepting monoamine oxidase, specific and nonspecific cholinesterases, for which they were negative. The relationship between these cells and the perineural epithelium of peripheral nerves and the pia‐arachnoid mater of the central nervous system was discussed.