bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multienzyme‐Like Nanozyme Encapsulated Ocular Microneedles for Keratitis Treatment
Authors: Liu Shen , Bai Qiang , Jiang Yujie , Gao Yonghui , Chen Zhen , Shang Limin , Zhang Siying , Yu Linrong , Yang Dongqin , Sui Ning , Zhu Zhiling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractKeratitis, an inflammation of the cornea caused by bacterial or fungal infections, is one of the leading causes of severe visual disability and blindness. Keratitis treatment requires both the prevention of infection and the reduction of inflammation. However, owing to their limited therapeutic functions, in addition to the ocular barrier, existing conventional medications are characterized by poor efficacy and low bioavailability, requiring high dosages or frequent topical treatment, which represents a burden on patients and increases the risk of side effects. In this study, manganese oxide nanocluster‐decorated graphdiyne nanosheets (MnOx/GDY) are developed as multienzyme‐like nanozymes for the treatment of infectious keratitis and loaded into hyaluronic acid and polymethyl methacrylate‐based ocular microneedles (MGMN). MGMN not only exhibits antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects owing to its multienzyme‐like activities, including oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase mimics but also crosses the ocular barrier and shows increased bioavailability via the microneedle system. Moreover, MGMN is demonstrated to eliminate pathogens, prevent biofilm formation, reduce inflammation, alleviate ocular hypoxia, and promote the repair of corneal epithelial damage in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments, thus providing a better therapeutic effect than commercial ophthalmic voriconazole, with no obvious microbial resistance or cytotoxicity.
Modulation of Electronic Synergy to Enhance the Intrinsic Activity of Fe5Ni4S8 Nanosheets in Restricted Space Carbonized Wood Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zheng Luosong , Zhong Yuxin , Cao Jianjie , Liu Mengqi , Liao Yu , Xu Han , Chen Sha , Xiong Fuquan , Qing Yan , Wu Yiqiang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractModulation of electronic structure and composition is widely recognized as an effective strategy to improve electrocatalyst performance. Herein, using a simple simultaneous carbonization and sulfidation strategy, NiFe double hydroxide‐derived Fe5Ni4S8 (FNS) nanosheets immobilized on S‐doped carbonized wood (SCW) framework by taking benefit of the orientation‐constrained cavity and hierarchical porous structure of wood is proposed. Benefiting from the synergistic relationships between bimetal ions, the spatial confinement offered by the wood cavity, and the enhanced structural effects of the nanosheets array, the FNS/SCW exhibit enhanced intrinsic activity, increased accessibility of catalytically active sites, and convection‐facilitated mass transport, resulting in an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and durability. Specifically, it takes a low overpotential of 230 mV at 50 mA cm−2 and potential increase is negligible (3.8%) at 50 mA cm−2 for 80 hours. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that the synergistic effect of bimetal can optimize the electronic structure and lower the reaction energy barrier. The FNS/SCW used as the cathode of zinc‐air battery shows higher power density and excellent durability relative to commercial RuO2, exhibiting a good application prospect. Overall, this research offers proposals for designing and producing effective OER electrocatalysts using sustainable resources.
Modulated Electronic Structure of Co3O4 by Single Atoms for Efficient Anodic Oxygen Evolution in Acid
Authors: Yang Jieyu , Xu Fenghua , Zhao Wenli , Liu Luqiong , Weng Baicheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe challenge of the practical application of a water electrolyzer system lies in the development of low‐manufacturing cost, highly active, and stable electrocatalysts to replace the noble metal ones, in order to enable environmentally friendly hydrogen production on a large scale. Herein, a facile method is proposed for boosting the performance of Co3O4 through the incorporation of large‐sized single atoms. Due to the larger ionic radius of rare earth metals than that of Co, the incorporation elongates the bond length of Co─O, resulting in the narrowed d‐p band centers and the high spin configuration, which is favorable for the interaction and charge transfer with absorbent (*OH). As a result, the Ce‐incorporated Co3O4 with the longest Co─O bond length exhibits the best oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, specifically, the turnover frequency is over 17 times higher than that of pristine Co3O4 nanosheet under an overpotential of 400 mV. Powered by a commercial Si solar cell, a two‐electrode solar water‐splitting device combining Ce‐incorporated Co3O4 and Pt delivers a solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 13.53%. The strategy could provide a new insight for improving the performance of OER electrocatalysts in acid toward practical applications.
A Pt1Pd Single‐Atom Alloy Nanozyme with Boosted Enzyme‐Like Activity for Efficient Photo‐Mediated Tumor Therapy
Authors: Li Shanshan , Xu Bolong , Yang Haokun , Zhang Chong , Chen Jiali , Liu Shuang , Huang Zhijun , Liu Huiyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) are emerging natural enzyme mimics and have attracted much attention in the biomedical field. SAzymes with Metal─Nx sites designed on carbon matrixes are currently the mainstream in research. It is of great significance to further expand the types of SAzymes to enrich the nanozyme library. Single‐atom alloys (SAAs) are a material in which single‐atom metal sites are dispersed onto another active metal matrix, and currently, there is limited research on their enzyme‐like catalytic performance. In this work, a biodegradable Pt1Pd SAA is fabricated via a simple galvanic replacement strategy, and for the first time reveals its intrinsic enzyme‐like catalytic performance including catalase‐, oxidase‐, and peroxidase‐like activities, as well as its photodynamic effect. Experimental characterizations demonstrate that the introduction of single‐atom Pt sites contributes to enhancing the affinity of Pt1Pd single‐atom alloy nanozyme (SAAzyme) toward substrates, thus exhibiting boosted catalytic efficiency. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Pt1Pd SAAzyme exhibits a photo‐controlled therapeutic effect, with a tumor inhibition rate of up to 100%. This work provides vital guidance for opening the research direction of SAAs in enzyme‐like catalysis.
Phase‐Dependent Phonon Heat Transport in Nanoscale Gallium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Xiao Xinglin , Mao Yali , Meng Biwei , Ma Guoliang , Hušeková Kristína , Egyenes Fridrich , Rosová Alica , Dobročka Edmund , Eliáš Peter , Ťapajna Milan , Gucmann Filip , Yuan Chao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDifferent phases of Ga2O3have been regarded as superior platforms for making new‐generation high‐performance electronic devices. However, understanding of thermal transport in different phases of nanoscale Ga2O3thin‐films remains challenging, owing to the lack of phonon transport models and systematic experimental investigations. Here, thermal conductivity (TC) and thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of theα‐,β‐, and (001)κ‐Ga2O3thin films on sapphire are investigated. At ≈80 nm, the measured TC ofα(8.8 W m−1K−1) is ≈1.8 times and ≈3.0 times larger than that ofβandκ, respectively, consistent with model based on density functional theory (DFT), whereas the model reveals a similar TC for the bulkα‐andβ‐Ga2O3. The observed phase‐ and size‐dependence of TC is discussed thoroughly with phonon transport properties such as phonon mean free path and group velocity. The measured TBC at Ga2O3/sapphire interface is analyzed with diffuse mismatch model using DFT‐derived full phonon dispersion relation. Phonon spectral distribution of density of states, transmission coefficients, and group velocity are studied to understand the phase‐dependence of TBC. This study provides insight into the fundamental phonon transport mechanism in Ga2O3thin films and paves the way for improved thermal management of high‐power Ga2O3‐based devices.
An ecology‐oriented convergence evolution analysis method of crossover service ecosystems
Authors: Qiao Yu , Wang Jian , Liu Zhengli , Tang Wei , Lu Xiangfei , Li Bing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon of crossover cooperation and convergence among services has gained increasing attention in the modern service industry. Service boundaries have been expansively stretched into other domains rather than limited to their original domains to achieve value creation, fostering the emergence of crossover services. Consequently, a complex service ecosystem takes shape. However, there is a lack of the convergence‐evolution mechanism of crossover services for the adaptive transformation of service providers' businesses in this context. To address this problem, this paper proposes population‐based and community‐based convergence‐evolution patterns from the ecological perspective. Based on the analysis of these evolution patterns and the driven force of service evolution, we propose an ecology‐oriented evolution analysis method. Furthermore, we devise an automated tool to support the evolution design of crossover service ecosystems. Case studies and evaluation experiments show the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method and the corresponding tool.
Flame‐Retardant Nonaqueous Electrolytes for High‐Safety Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hao , Nie Luanjie , Chu Xiaokang , Chen Hang , Chen Ran , Huang Taixin , Lai Qingxue , Zheng Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) with conventional organic‐based flammable electrolytes suffer from serious safety issues with a high risk of ignition and burning especially under harsh conditions, which significantly limits their widespread applications. Flame‐retardant electrolytes (FREs) are considered as one of the most effective strategies to address these safety issues. Therefore, it's much necessary to summarize the challenges, recent progress, and design principles of flame‐retardant nonaqueous electrolytes for PIBs to guide their development and future applications. In this review, an in‐depth introduction and explanation of the origins of electrolyte flammability are first presented. Particularly, the state‐of‐the‐art design principles of FREs for PIBs are extensively summarized and emphasized, including the electrolyte flame‐retardant solvents/additives, highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs), localized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs), ionic liquids‐based electrolytes and solid‐state electrolytes. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of each approach are systematically presented and discussed, following by proposed perspectives to guide the rational development of next‐generation high‐safety PIBs for practical applications.
Neural network‐based models versus empirical models for the prediction of axial load‐carrying capacities of FRP‐reinforced circular concrete columns
Authors: Ali Shehroze , Ahmad Junaid , Iqbal Umair , Khan Suliman , Hadi Muhammad N. S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study presents new neural‐network (NN)‐based models to predict the axial load‐carrying capacities of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) bar reinforced‐concrete (RC) circular columns. A database of FRP‐reinforced concrete (RC) circular columns having outside diameter and height ranged between 160–305 and 640–2500 mm, respectively was established from the literature. The axial load‐carrying capacities of FRP‐RC columns were first predicted using the empirical models developed in the literature and then predicted using deep neural‐network (DNN) and convolutional neural‐network (CNN)‐based models. The developed DNN and CNN models were calibrated using various neurons integrated in the hidden layers for the accurate predictions. Based on the results, the proposed DNN and CNN models accurately predicted the axial load‐carrying capacities of FRP‐RC circular columns with R2 = 0.943 and R2 = 0.936, respectively. Further, a comparative analysis showed that the proposed DNN and CNN models are more accurate than the empirical models with 52% and 42% reduction in mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively involved in the empirical models. Moreover, within NN‐based prediction models, the prediction accuracy of DNN model is comparatively higher than the CNN model due to the integration of neurons in each layer (9‐64‐64‐64‐64‐1) and embedded rectified linear unit (ReLu) activation function. Overall, the proposed DNN and CNN models can be utilized as paramount in the future studies.
Intervention with impact: Reduced isolation of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs following the introduction of antimicrobial prescribing legislation in Germany
Authors: Loeffler Anette , Beever Lee , Chang Yu‐Mei , Klein Babette , Kostka Veit , Meyer Cornelia , Müller Elisabeth , Weis Jessica , Wildermuth Brett , Fishwick John , Lloyd David H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundLegislation was introduced in Germany in 2018, requiring bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before the prescription of fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins to dogs. We hypothesised that, following this intervention, the number of clinical samples testing positive for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) would reduce.MethodsReports of S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine clinical samples by three German veterinary diagnostic microbiology laboratories during the 38 months before the introduction of the legislation and the 46 months after were compared. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed recognised recommendations but with changes during the study period.ResultsAmong a total of 120,571 S. pseudintermedius isolates, MRSP accounted for 7.1% overall. Following the legislative intervention, monthly submissions yielding S. pseudintermedius increased at all three laboratories. The MRSP percentage was lower in the period after the intervention in two of the three laboratories (p < 0.001); in the third laboratory, there was no change between periods, but a year‐on‐year reduction in MRSP percentages occurred after the intervention (p = 0.0004).LimitationsChanging susceptibility testing methods limited the direct comparison of resistance patterns among laboratories.ConclusionThe reduction in MRSP in canine clinical samples following the introduction of this legislation suggests a positive impact of compulsory laboratory testing on reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Optimal design of a modular axial‐flux permanent‐magnet synchronous generator for gearless wind turbine applications
Authors: Ashrafzadeh Seyed Ataollah , Ghadimi Ali Asghar , Jabbari Ali , Miveh Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAir‐cored axial‐flux permanent‐magnet synchronous generators (AFPMSGs) are potential candidates for gearless direct‐coupled wind turbines (DCWTs) owing to providing high efficiency and power density. The design of a DCWT generator is so complicated since the generator cost, dimension, and weight affected by gear elimination. Therefore, it is essential to find an optimal AFPMSG design at rated conditions. In this paper, an accurate procedure for the optimal design of an air‐cored AFPMSG applicable for DCWTs is proposed. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used for multi‐objective design optimization to reach the optimal configuration as well as system dimension in order to decrease the weight, increase the power density and enhance the effectiveness of the generator. To validate the efficiency of the suggested optimization proceducer, a 30 kW AFPMSG has been considered as a case study. The results of optimization have been investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). A prototype generator is also fabricated, and the test results are offered and compared with the numerical study. The outcomes show that there exists an acceptable agreement between FEA and experimental outcomes with the error percentage about of 1.35%.
Contribution of hybridization between polar bears and grizzly bears to polar bear extinction
Authors: Shafer Craig L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis review explores whether recent hybridization events between polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) will eventually contribute to the extinction of the modern polar bear. In April 2006, genetic analysis of an odd‐looking bear killed in the Northwest Territories, Canada, revealed this specimen to be a polar bear–grizzly bear hybrid, and additional hybrid bears were harvested beginning in April 2010. These events have been sensationalized by some in the media, who have speculated that the modern polar bear may become extinct due to crossbreeding with grizzly bears. Although studies support the introgression of brown bear genes into the polar bear genome during the Pleistocene, no evidence supports the occurrence of a similar event today. Even if such an introgression event occurred, hybrids evolving rapidly enough to adapt to ongoing sea ice depletion is not scientifically plausible. The loss of genetic integrity and modified morphology due to inbreeding between polar bears and grizzly bears are not considered threats to polar bear survival. As many scientists have stressed for decades, the greatest threat to the survival of the modern polar bear is sea ice depletion due to climate change.
Intelligent computing technique to study heat and mass transport of Casson nanofluidic flow model on a nonlinear slanted extending sheet
Authors: Hussain Saddiqa , Islam Saeed , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper explains the importance and benefits of using AI in fluid mechanics, emphasizing its capability of finding the solution of fluid flow systems through iterative optimization techniques. It explores how AI can enhance the understanding of fluid dynamics to improve engineering processes. In the presented studies, the heat and mass transport of the Casson nanofluidic flow model on a nonlinear slanted extending sheet (HMT‐CNFM) via AI‐based Levenberg Marquard methodology with backpropagated trained neural networks (TNN‐BLMM) is studied. By applying an appropriate transformation, the governing PDEs representing HMT‐CNFM are converted into a system of nonlinear ODEs. The dataset for Levenberg Marquard methodology with backpropagated trained neural network (TNN‐BLMM) for all six scenarios of this proposed model via computational power of the Lobatto IIIA scheme using the “bvp4c” package in MATLAB and then graphically illustrate all these six scenarios through nftool to attain mean square error, regression, error histogram, performance, and fit curve. Training, testing, and validation processes of NN‐BLMM are organized for the investigation of the HMT‐CNFM model.
On Krylov complexity in open systems: an approach via bi-Lanczos algorithm
Authors: Bhattacharya Aranya , Nandy Pratik , Nath Pingal Pratyush , Sahu Himanshu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Continuing the previous initiatives [1, 2], we pursue the exploration of operator growth and Krylov complexity in dissipative open quantum systems. In this paper, we resort to the bi-Lanczos algorithm generating two bi-orthogonal Krylov spaces, which individually generate non-orthogonal subspaces. Unlike the previously studied Arnoldi iteration, this algorithm renders the Lindbladian into a purely tridiagonal form, thus opening up a possibility to study a wide class of dissipative integrable and non-integrable systems by computing Krylov complexity at late times. Our study relies on two specific systems, the dissipative transverse-field Ising model (TFIM) and the dissipative interacting XXZ chain. We find that, for the weak coupling, initial Lanczos coefficients can efficiently distinguish integrable and chaotic evolution before the dissipative effect sets in, which results in more fluctuations in higher Lanczos coefficients. This results in the equal saturation of late-time complexity for both integrable and chaotic cases, making the notion of late-time chaos dubious.
Singularities in 2D and 3D quantum black holes
Authors: Kolanowski Maciej , Tomašević Marija 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study black holes in two and three dimensions that have spacelike curvature singularities behind horizons. The 2D solutions are obtained by dimensionally reducing certain 3D black holes, known as quantum BTZ solutions. Furthermore, we identify the corresponding dilaton potential and show how it can arise from a higher-dimensional theory. Finally, we show that the rotating BTZ black hole develops a singular inner horizon once quantum effects are properly accounted for, thereby solidifying strong cosmic censorship for all known cases.
(Inner-Product) Functional Encryption with Updatable Ciphertexts
Authors: Cini Valerio , Ramacher Sebastian , Slamanig Daniel , Striecks Christoph , Tairi Erkan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel variant of functional encryption which supports ciphertext updates, dubbed ciphertext-updatable functional encryption. Such a feature further broadens the practical applicability of the functional encryption paradigm and allows for fine-grained access control even after a ciphertext is generated. Updating ciphertexts is carried out via so-called update tokens which a dedicated party can use to convert ciphertexts. However, allowing update tokens requires some care for the security definition. Our contribution is threefold:We define our new primitive with a security notion in the indistinguishability setting. Within CUFE, functional decryption keysandciphertexts are labeled with tags such that only if the tags of the decryption key and the ciphertext match, then decryption succeeds. Furthermore, we allow ciphertexts to switch their tags to any other tag via update tokens. Such tokens are generated by the holder of the main secret key and can only be used in the desired direction.We present a generic construction of CUFE for any functionality as well as predicates different from equality testing on tags which relies on the existence of indistinguishability obfuscation (iO).We present a practical construction of CUFE for the inner-product functionality from standard assumptions (i.e., LWE) in the random-oracle model. On the technical level, we build on the recent functional encryption schemes with fine-grained access control and linear operations on encrypted data (Abdalla et al., AC’20) and introduce an additional ciphertext updatability feature. Proving security for such a construction turned out to be non-trivial, particularly when revealing keys for the updated challenge ciphertext is allowed. Overall, such construction enriches the set of known inner-product functional encryption schemes with the additional updatability feature of ciphertexts.