bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An introductory review of the thermal structure of subduction zones: II—numerical approach and validation
Authors: Wilson Cian R. , van Keken Peter E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe thermal structure of subduction zones is fundamental to our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that occur at active convergent plate margins. These include magma generation and related arc volcanism, shallow and deep seismicity, and metamorphic reactions that can release fluids. Computational models can predict the thermal structure to great numerical precision when models are fully described but this does not guarantee accuracy or applicability. In a trio of companion papers, the construction of thermal subduction zone models, their use in subduction zone studies, and their link to geophysical and geochemical observations are explored. In this part II, the finite element techniques that can be used to predict thermal structure are discussed in an introductory fashion along with their verification and validation.Steady-state thermal structure for the updated subduction zone benchmark. a) Temperature predicted by TF for case 1; b) temperature difference between TF and Sepran using the penalty function (PF) method for case 1 at fm=1 where fm represents the smallest element sizes in the finite element grids near the coupling point; c) slab top temperature comparison for case 1; and d)–f) as a)–c) but now for case 2. The star indicates the position or temperature conditions at the coupling point.
The La-related protein PsLARP4_5 is crucial for zoospore production and pathogenicity in Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Zhang Can , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Fan , Zheng Yuxin , Wang Yuke , Liu Xili 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA large number of La-related proteins (LARPs), most of which share a La-motif and one or more adjacent RNA-recognition (RRM) domains, are known to play a function in diverse processes. Among the LAPRs, LARP4 and LARP5 have been mainly reported to act as positive translation factors. In Phytophthora sojae, only one protein with typical LARP protein features was identified, and it was named LARP4_5 due to the presence of an RRM_LARP4_5-like domain. The PsLARP4_5 gene was significantly upregulated in zoospores and during the infection stage. By comparing the biological characteristics of a wild-type strain with three PsLARP4_5 knockout transformants, it was found that PsLARP4_5 was involved in mycelial growth, sporangium and zoospore production, and pathogenicity of P. sojae. Further analysis of the transcriptome indicated that many differentially expressed genes could participate in several essential biological processes in the PsLARP4_5 transformant, including translation, as structural constituents of ribosomes or cytosolic large ribosomal subunits and others. Notably, 76 genes with a role in the ribosome pathway were downregulated in the PsLARP4_5 transformant, suggesting that PsLARP4_5 might affect translation. Overall, these findings indicate that PsLARP4_5 plays an essential role in the development and pathogenicity of P. sojae.
The association of claudin-18 and androgen receptor expression in prostatic carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Rashad Heba M. , Ahmed Hanan , El Attar Kareem Ali , Saad Eman A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Claudin-18 (CLDN18) is a recently identified anticancer therapeutic target with promising results for various gastrointestinal malignancies. The role of CLDN18 in prostatic carcinoma has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate CLDN18 and androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostatic carcinoma and to link these findings with other clinicopathological characteristics. This retrospective study was carried out on 120 cases of prostatic lesions, including 100 cases of prostatic carcinoma and 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The immunohistochemical staining technique was used to evaluate the expression of both CLDN18 and AR in prostatic carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological parameters.

Results
CLDN18 expression was completely absent in benign prostatic tissue, while it was detected in the membrane of 30 (30%) of studied carcinoma cases, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.046). In contrast to other variables, a statistically significant relationship was identified between CLDN18 expression and Gleason Grade group (p = 0.000), stage (p = 0.03), and nodal metastasis (p = 0.000). The expression of the androgen receptor was detected in the nucleus of 96 (96%) of the cancer cases under study, with no statistically significant difference between the studied groups (p = 0.427). A statistically significant relation was found between AR expression and Gleason Grade group (p = 0.03) and stage (p = 0.01), while no relation with other variables was detected. AR expression and CLDN18 expression were shown to be statistically significantly correlated (p = 0.002).

Conclusions
CLDN18 was expressed in prostatic carcinoma and correlated with an adverse tumor outcome. CLDN18 may be regulated by AR. CLDN18 could be a candidate therapeutic marker for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
Detecting fractures and monitoring hydraulic fracturing processes at the first EGS Collab testbed using borehole DAS ambient noise
Authors: Li David , Huang Lianjie , Zheng Yingcai , Li Yingping , Schoenball Martin , Rodriguez-Tribaldos Verónica , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan , Hopp Chet , Johnson Tim , Knox Hunter , Blankenship Doug , Dobson Patrick , Kneafsey Tim , Robertson Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) require cost-effective monitoring of fracture networks. We validate the capability of using borehole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) ambient noise for fracture monitoring using core photos and core logs. The EGS Collab project has conducted 10 m scale field experiments of hydraulic fracture stimulation using 50–60 m deep experimental wells at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. The first EGS Collab testbed is located at 1616.67 m (4850 ft) depth at SURF and consists of one injection well, one production well, and six monitoring wells. All wells are drilled subhorizontally from an access tunnel called a drift. The project uses a single continuous fiber-optic cable installed sequentially in the six monitoring wells to record DAS data for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during stimulation. We analyze 60 s time records of the borehole DAS ambient noise data and compute the noise root-mean-square (rms) amplitude on each channel (points along the fiber cable) to obtain DAS ambient noise rms amplitude depth profiles along the monitoring wellbore. Our noise rms amplitude profiles indicate amplitude peaks at distinct depths. We compare the DAS noise rms amplitude profiles with borehole core photos and core logs and find that the DAS noise rms amplitude peaks correspond to the locations of fractures or lithologic changes indicated in the core photos or core logs. We then compute the hourly DAS noise rms amplitude profiles in two monitoring wells during three stimulation cycles in 72 h and find that the DAS noise rms amplitude profiles vary with time, indicating the fracture opening/growth or closing during the hydraulic stimulation. Our results demonstrate that borehole DAS passive ambient noise can be used to detect fractures and monitor fracturing processes in EGS reservoirs.
A gradual separation from the world: commentary on a qualitative exploration of existential loneliness in old age
Authors: Carr Sam 
Published: November 2023

Aims and methods: Loneliness is a prevalent and significant issue. It has been identified as a particularly important physical and mental health risk for older people. This article critically explores and discusses a recent study that sought to qualitatively explore the lived experiences of existential loneliness in a large sample of older people living in retirement community contexts. Findings: The data pointed to complex, multilayered challenges, often brought about by ageing, that give rise to unique experiences of existential loneliness for many older people. Conclusions: For clinical practitioners, understanding how older people experience existential loneliness is essential if we are to develop support mechanisms that compassionately and empathically respond to them.
The scientific chaos phase of the great pandemic: A longitudinal analysis and systematic review of the first surge of clinical research concerning COVID-19
Authors: Adami Till , Ries Markus 
Published: November 2023

Background
Early stages of catastrophes like COVID-19 are often led by chaos and panic. To characterize the initial chaos phase of clinical research in such situations, we analyzed the first surge of more than 1000 clinical trials about the new disease at baseline and after two years follow-up. Our 3 main objectives were: (1) Assessment of spatial and temporal evolution of clinical research of COVID-19 across the globe, (2) Assessment of transparency and quality—trial registration, (3) Assessment of research waste and redundancies.

Methods
By entering the keyword “COVID-19” we screened the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO and downloaded the search output when our goal of 1000 trials was reached on the 1st of April 2020. Additionally, we verified the integrity of the downloaded data from the meta registry by comparing the data with each individual registration record on their source register. Also, we conducted a follow-up after two years to track their progress.

Results
(1) The spatial evolution followed the geographical spread of the disease as expected, however, the temporal development suggested that panic was the main driver for clinical research activities. (2) Trial registrations and registers showed a huge lack of transparency by allowing retrospective registrations and not keeping their registration records up to date. Quality of trial registration seems to have improved over the last decade, yet crucial information still was missing. (3) Research waste and redundancies were present as suggested by discontinuation of trials, preventable flaws in study design, and similar but uncoordinated research topics operationally fragmented in isolated silo-structures.

Conclusion
The scientific response mechanism across the globe was intact during the chaos phase. However, supervision, leadership, and accountability are urgently needed to prevent research waste, to ensure effective structure, quality, and validity to ultimately break the “panic-then-forget” cycle in future catastrophes.
The diagnostic accuracy of mean platelet volume in differentiating immune thrombocytopenic purpura from hypo-productive thrombocytopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Walle Muluken , Arkew Mesay , Asmerom Haftu , Tesfaye Addisu , Getu Fasil 
Published: November 2023

Background
Thrombocytopenia is defined as a decreased number of platelets in the circulating blood as a result of hypo-proliferation in marrow or peripheral destruction of platelets. Several diagnostic methods have been proposed to discriminate the underline cause of thrombocytopenia. Recent studies showed that mean platelet volume (MPV) could be used for differential diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Thus, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of MPV for differential diagnosis of ITP from hypo-productive thrombocytopenia.

Methods
This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO with the reference number CRD42023447789. Relevant published studies that were published up to April 10, 2023, in peer-reviewed journals were searched on electronic different databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QADAS-2) tool. The pooled weight mean difference (WMD) of MPV between the ITP group and hypo-productive group was analyzed using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Relevant data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA 11.0 and Meta-disc 1.4 software. Publication bias was evaluated using Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test.

Results
A total of 14 articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The comparison of MPV between groups revealed that the pooled mean value of MPV increased significantly in ITP patients compared to patients with hypo-productive thrombocytopenia (WMD = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.38–2.69). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of MPV in differentiating ITP from hypo-productive thrombocytopenia were 76.0% (95% CI: 71.0%, 80.0%) and 79.0% (95% CI: 75.0%, 83.0%), respectively. The summary positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR)using the random effects model were 3.89 (95% CI: 2.49, 6.10) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.46), respectively.

Conclusion
MPV can be used to discriminate ITP from hypo-productive thrombocytopenia. It can possess large advantages as it is noninvasive, simple, quick, inexpensive, easy to perform, reliable, and routinely generated by automated cell counters.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS OBTAINED BY BIOCONVERSION OF PEA AND CHICKPEA SERUM
Authors: Ulanova Ruzaliya Vladimirovna , Kolpakova Valentina Vasil'yevna , Kulikov Denis Sergeyevich , Gulakova Valentina Andreyevna , Vasilyeva Lina Vasil'yevna , Berestovskaya Yuliya Yur'yevna , Ashikhmin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich 
Published: November 2023

In this work, we studied the chemical composition of preparations obtained by bioconversion of carotenoid yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa of pea and chickpea whey, a secondary product of flour processing into food protein concentrate. In the process of growth, yeast assimilate carbohydrate, nitrogenous components and provided the chemical composition of biological products, allowing them to be attributed to the highest group of fodder yeast. The chemical composition of dry biomass from whey: total protein (Nx6.25) – 58.90–61.29%, fat – 1.20–2.31%, ash elements – 3.53–4.53%, soluble and insoluble fibers – 9.33–10.35% and 22.52–26.04%, respectively. The biological effectiveness of lipids based on the study of the fatty acid composition of lipids: the ratio of saturated:monoenoic:polyenoic fatty acids is characterized by the predominance of unsaturated acids – 17 : 62 : 18 in the pea preparation and 18 : 33 : 45 in the chickpea preparation. The pea preparation contains 2.4 times more ω-6 of linoleic acid, the chickpea preparation contains 2.5 times more oleic acid. The biological effectiveness of lipids was also confirmed by chromatographic analysis of the composition of carotenoid components, which is represented by phytoin, torulene, β-carotene, torularodine and phytoin. There is no phytoin in the chickpea biological product, but β-carotene is present in a larger amount (2.8 times). The biological value of biological products with a yield of 0.50–0.54 g/100 cm3 is confirmed by the amount of essential amino acids and their rate (114–278% for pea and 120–242% for chickpea biological products). For both drugs, there is no toxicity in experiments with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, in the presence of which its active growth is observed. With a pea preparation, the growth factor is 29.1% higher than with distilled water, with a chickpea preparation it is 18.6% higher. In the body of animals, a biologically complete protein with essential amino acids, lipids and carotenoids in the composition of pea and chickpea preparations will actively participate in the metabolism not only as energy materials, but also as biologically active components in the synthesis of hormones, vitamins and other vital compounds.
ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF LEDUM POLUSTRE L., GROWING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY
Authors: Efremov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Savelyeva Elena Evgenievna , Bulgakova Nadezhda Anatol'yevna , Kunz Roman Konstantinovich , Slashchinin Dmitriy Gennad'yevich , Luneva Tat'yana Anatol'yevna , Zykova Irina Dement'yevna , Volkov Dmitriy Valentinovich 
Published: November 2023

In model reactions with a free stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, the antiradical activity (ARA) of extractive substances of wild rosemary (Ledum palustre L.) growing in the Krasnoyarsk Territory was studied: aqueous-alcoholic extracts with an alcohol content of 20, 40 and 70%, water and alcohol extracts and essential oil. Whole essential oil obtained by exhaustive hydrosteam distillation for 8 hours. The component composition of the essential oil was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry using a data bank on mass spectra and on the analysis of linear retention indices. At least 35 individual compounds were identified in the essential oil and their quantitative content was determined.
The leaves of wild rosemary collected at the beginning of flowering in early June in the Partizansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were used as raw materials. The extracts were obtained using a sample of air-dry raw materials in the amount of 1.00 grams, the extraction hydromodule was 1:100, the extraction time was 1.0 hours.
The results of the DPPH test showed that the antiradical activity of the obtained extracts changes in the following order: essential oil > 40% extract > 70% extract > 20% extract > aqueous extract. Moreover, the essential oil of wild rosemary has an ARA value of 82.7% even when diluted 1:10.
The obtained extracts were studied by electron spectroscopy in the UV region. It is shown that the extracts contain phenolic compounds represented by phenolcarboxylic acids and flavonoids. In the extracts obtained, the total content of phenolic compounds was determined (by reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), which is 0.52–1.05 wt.% in terms of gallic acid. Moreover, this value passes through a maximum in the case of 40% alcohol extract. By reaction with aluminum chloride, the total content of flavonoids in the extracts was determined. It was found that the content of flavonoids in the extracts is 0.73–2.00 wt.% in terms of routine. The maximum content of flavonoids was found in 70% alcohol extract.
It is shown that the ARA value correlates well with the total content of phenolic compounds - the correlation coefficient is 0.9512, and no correlation is observed with the total content of flavonoids.
PENERAPAN BAHASA DAN BRANDING UMKM PRODUK KANTONG CELANA “HASBUNA” DESA REMBUN PEKALONGAN
Authors: Falah Fajrul , Tiani Riris , Marwini Marwini , Constantina Findy 
Published: November 2023

Bahasa dan branding memiliki peran signifikan sebagai bahan dan sarana promosi UMKM. Salah satu UMKM yang sedang berkembang dan potensial di Desa Rembun saat ini adalah Hasbuna. Hasbuna sebagai mitra pengabdian, memproduksi kantong celana. Akan tetapi, UMKM Hasbuna yang potensial itu, belum memanfaatkan bahasa dan branding untuk menambah akses pemasarannya. Selama ini, promosi yang dilakukan cenderung melalui lisan, dari mulut ke mulut (word of mouth) dan telah ada pembeli tetap. Di sisi lain, Universitas Diponegoro memiliki skema pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM), Ipteks bagi Desa Binaan Undip (IDBU). Maka perlu dilakukan branding dan pendampingan UMKM Hasbuna supaya lebih berkembang. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah menerapkan bahasa dan membranding UMKM Hasbuna di Desa Rembun, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Tim PkM melakukan literature review terkait bahasa, branding, dan mitra PkM. Kemudian observasi langsung, dan wawancara kepada mitra terkait persoalan produk dan promosi. Kemudian Tim PkM memberikan masukan dan penerapan bahasa dan branding terhadap mitra Hasbuna. Kegiatan PkM ini menghasilkan luaran (output) publikasi kegiatan di media massa, profil mitra baik tulisan maupun video, modul bahasa dan branding mitra Hasbuna. Kegiatan PkM ini juga menghasilkan outcome produk dan pemasaran mitra dikenal lebih luas, dari tingkat Desa Rembun ke Kecamatan, Kabupaten, bahkan Provinsi Jawa Tengah.
The Importance of Realism about Gender Kinds: Lessons from Beauvoir
Authors: Bach Theodore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Beauvoir’s The Second Sex stands out as a master class in the accommodation of conceptual and inferential practices to real, objective gender kinds. Or so I will argue. To establish this framing, we will first need in hand the kind of scientific epistemology that correctly reconciles epistemic progress and error, particularly as pertains to the unruly social sciences. An important goal of the paper is to develop that epistemological framework and unlock its ontological implications for the domain of gender. As we will see, the real gender kinds that contemporary social scientists successfully identify and track are very much the same kinds to which Beauvoir was coordinating reference in The Second Sex. The correct identification of those kinds endures as a moral and political priority, regardless of one’s other gender-related normative agenda.
Some anticancer agents as effective glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitors
Authors: Gökçe Başak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of anthraquinone (AQ) compounds on the activity of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST). The interaction between GST and some AQs (alizarin, purpurin, quinizarin, and dantron) was investigated, and IC50 and K
i levels were determined for each compound. The results obtained reveal that these compounds are potent GST inhibitors. K
i values of these compounds against GST were found ranging from 9.133 ± 0.895 to 36.992 ± 6.194 μM. In the in vitro study, purpurin was identified as the most potent AQ against GST. Thereafter, binding mode exploration of purpurin to the enzyme was undertaken to elucidate its mechanism of action. To this end, molecular docking was conducted. According to the docking results, purpurin can bind to the enzyme and form a stable complex. Together with this, binding potential of purpurin was less than the standard ligand. Examination of both the inhibitory activity in vitro and molecular docking interactions of these anticancer agents with GST, an enzyme important for detoxification metabolism, led to the identification of important relationships between these compounds and GST. The findings may offer structural direction for developing superior anticancer drugs or powerful GST inhibitors.