bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Additive‐Free Inks for 3D Printing Customizable Monolithic Integrated Micro‐Supercapacitors on a Large Scale
Authors: Zhang Longlong , Qin Jieqiong , Das Pratteek , Wang Sen , Bai Tiesheng , Zhou Feng , Wu Mingbo , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology with enhanced fidelity can achieve multiple functionalities and boost electrochemical performance of customizable planar micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), however, precise structural control of additive‐free graphene‐based macro‐assembly electrode for monolithic integrated MSCs (MIMSCs) remains challenging. Here, the large‐scale 3D printing fabrication of customizable planar MIMSCs is reported utilizing additive‐free, high‐quality electrochemically exfoliated graphene inks, which is not required the conventional cryogenic assistance during the printing process and any post‐processing reduction. The resulting MSCs reveal an extremely small engineering footprint of 0.025 cm2, exceptionally high areal capacitance of 4900 mF cm−2, volumetric capacitance of 195.6 F cm−3, areal energy density of 2.1 mWh cm−2, and unprecedented volumetric energy density of 23 mWh cm−3 for a single cell, surpassing most previously reported 3D printed MSCs. The 3D printed MIMSC pack is further demonstrated, with the maximum areal cell count density of 16 cell cm−2, the highest output voltage of 192.5 V and the largest output voltage per unit area of 56 V cm−2 up to date are achieved. This work presents an innovative solution for processing high‐performance additive‐free graphene ink and realizing the large‐scale production of 3D printed MIMSCs for planar energy storage.
The Intelligent Design of Silicon Photonic Devices
Authors: Li Zean , Zhou Zhipeng , Qiu Cheng , Chen Yongyi , Liang Bohan , Wang Yubing , Liang Lei , Lei Yuxin , Song Yue , Jia Peng , Zeng Yugang , Qin Li , Ning Yongqiang , Wang Lijun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotonic devices based on silicon waveguides are essential to versatile high‐performance and low‐cost photonic integrated systems. Extremely complex silicon photonic devices with hundreds or even thousands of degrees of freedom (DOF) are successfully designed and manufactured based on recent advances in data science and nanofabrication technology. At this level, conventional forward‐reasoning may no longer be suitable for designing high‐performance silicon photonic devices with novel functionalities since the light‐matter interaction is complex and non‐intuitive. Therefore, the timely development of sub‐wavelength silicon photonic devices that can precisely mold the flow of light is a critical and urgent issue requiring joint engineering and scientific efforts. In this paper, an inverse design strategy based on heuristic and gradient descendant algorithms, enabling the realization of large‐scale integrated devices is first introduced. Subsequently, the burgeoning deep learning technology, which offers a promising direction for the automation design of silicon photonics with a data‐driven approach, is discussed. Finally, the obstacles and prospects in this emerging research direction are revealed. Detail discussions from multiple perspectives are provided. This review aims to provide general guidance and a comprehensive reference for scientists developing photonic integrated systems.
Spatially‐Coded Fourier Ptychography: Flexible and Detachable Coded Thin Films for Quantitative Phase Imaging with Uniform Phase Transfer Characteristics
Authors: Wang Ruihai , Yang Liming , Lee Yujin , Sun Kevin , Shen Kuangyu , Zhao Qianhao , Wang Tianbo , Zhang Xincheng , Liu Jiayi , Song Pengming , Zheng Guoan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFourier ptychography (FP) is an enabling imaging technique that produces high‐resolution complex‐valued images with extended field coverages. However, when FP images a phase object with any specific spatial frequency, the captured images contain only constant values, rendering the recovery of the corresponding linear phase ramp impossible. This challenge is not unique to FP but also affects other common microscopy techniques — a rather counterintuitive outcome given their widespread use in phase imaging. The underlying issue originates from the non‐uniform phase transfer characteristic inherent in microscope systems, which impedes the conversion of object wavefields into discernible intensity variations. To address this challenge, spatially‐coded Fourier ptychography (scFP) is presented for true quantitative phase imaging. In scFP, a flexible and detachable coded thin film is attached atop the image sensor in a regular FP setup. The spatial modulation of this thin film ensures a uniform phase response across the entire synthetic bandwidth. It improves reconstruction quality, corrects refractive index underestimation issues prevalent in conventional FP, and adds a new dimension of measurement diversity in spatial domain. The development of scFP is expected to catalyze new research directions and applications for phase imaging, emphasizing the need for true quantitative accuracy with uniform frequency response.
Synthesis of 2‐Quinolones based on Visible Light‐Catalyzed Annulation of Diazo compounds
Authors: Bae Jaehee , Chae Jiyoung , Park Cheol‐Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a photocatalytic method for the synthesis of 2‐quinolones under mild conditions by employing α‐diazo acetamide as substrates. The use of Eosin Y as a photocatalyst allows an economical and environmentally benign synthetic method. The process involves the generation of radicals from diazo compounds promoted by a visible‐light‐induced proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism. The method demonstrates a broad substrate scope to provide various aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted 2‐quinolones. To support the proposed mechanism, a series of mechanistic experiments were conducted.
The Reaction of Aryl Thiols or Thioureas with o‐Diiodoarenes/NaH to Access o‐Iodoaryl Thioethers
Authors: Hu Min , Liu Dianfan , Liu Yuan , Luo Fan , Chen Xiaobei , Yin Yuejia , Zhang Shilei , Hu Yanwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein we report a method for the synthesis of thioethers by forging C(aryl)‐S bond via an aryne mechanism. The active aryne species can be generated from o‐diiodoarenes and NaH in THF at room temperature, then lead to the arylations of a wide range of aryl thiols and thioureas. Different from transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, no disubstituted byproduct is formed in our protocol. The o‐iodoaryl thioether products are intermediates that could be transformed into pharmaceutically interesting molecules.
Transcriptomic Signature of 3D Hierarchical Porous Chip Enriched Exosomes for Early Detection and Progression Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yi Kezhen , Wang Yike , Rong Yuan , Bao Yiru , Liang Yingxue , Chen Yiyi , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Shikun , He Yuan , Liu Weihuang , Zhu Chengliang , Wu Long , Peng Jin , Chen Hao , Huang Weihua , Yuan Yufeng , Xie Min , Wang Fubing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal malignant tumor, and the current non‐invasive diagnosis method based on serum markers, such as α‐fetoprotein (AFP), and des‐γ‐carboxy‐prothrombin (DCP), has limited efficacy in detecting it. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop novel biomarkers for HCC. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of exosomes as biomarkers. To enhance exosome enrichment, a silicon dioxide (SiO2) microsphere‐coated three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous chip, named a SiO2‐chip is designed. The features of the chip, including its continuous porous 3D scaffold, large surface area, and nanopores between the SiO2 microspheres, synergistically improved the exosome capture efficiency. Exosomes from both non‐HCC and HCC subjects are enriched using an SiO2‐chip and performed RNA sequencing to identify HCC‐related long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the exosomes. This study analysis reveales that LUCAT‐1 and EGFR‐AS‐1 are two HCC‐related lncRNAs. To further detect dual lncRNAs in exosomes, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) is employed. The integration of dual lncRNAs with AFP and DCP significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the integration of dual lncRNAs with DCP effectively monitors the prognosis of patients with HCC and detects disease progression. In this study, a liquid biopsy‐based approach for noninvasive and reliable HCC detection is developed.
Rna Buffering Fluorogenic Probe for Nucleolar Morphology Stable Imaging And Nucleolar Stress‐Generating Agents Screening
Authors: Jiang Wenchao , Qiao Qinglong , Chen Jie , Bao Pengjun , Tao Yi , Zhang Yinchan , Xu Zhaochao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the realm of cell research, membraneless organelles have become a subject of increasing interest. However, their ever‐changing and amorphous morphological characteristics have long presented a formidable challenge when it comes to studying their structure and function. In this paper, a fluorescent probe Nu‐AN is reported, which exhibits the remarkable capability to selectively bind to and visualize the nucleolus morphology, the largest membraneless organelle within the nucleus. Nu‐AN demonstrates a significant enhancement in fluorescence upon its selective binding to nucleolar RNA, due to the inhibited twisted intramolecular charge–transfer (TICT) and reduced hydrogen bonding with water. What sets Nu‐AN apart is its neutral charge and weak interaction with nucleolus RNA, enabling it to label the nucleolus selectively and reversibly. This not only reduces interference but also permits the replacement of photobleached probes with fresh ones outside the nucleolus, thereby preserving imaging photostability. By closely monitoring morphology‐specific changes in the nucleolus with this buffering fluorogenic probe, screenings for agents are conducted that induce nucleolar stress within living cells.
Mexican consumers' attitudes toward irradiated and imported apples
Authors: Murray André D. , Gallardo Rosa K. , Prakash Anuradha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study centers on analyzing Mexican consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for imported US fresh apples subjected to irradiation, contrasting it with the more prevalent postharvest chemical treatments. We collect data using a survey tool in Qualtrics designed to explore the impact of information dissemination through two distinct narrative styles: scientific and layman. The study uses a between‐subjects approach and apply the propensity score matching to address potential confounding factors across respondents' samples. We apply the generalized multinomial logit models in WTP space, taking into consideration respondent's certainty when answering to the choice experiment questions. Our findings reveal that respondents are willing to pay less for apples treated with irradiation compared to untreated ones but more than apples treated with chemicals. The WTP for irradiation increases when respondents receive information about this technology from both the scientific and layperson narrative styles. Similar to findings in previous studies, WTP for irradiated food is affected by gender, age, income, family size, and level of education. This study contributes to the literature by identifying the key factors that strongly influence consumers' decisions to opt for irradiation‐treated fresh fruits. These influential factors encompass information provision, social and demographic aspects, as well as the presence of country‐of‐origin labels. EconLit citations: C250, D820, Q160, Q180.
In‐situ controllable synthesis of carbon dots for patterned fluorescent wood films rapid fabrication strategy
Authors: Chen Xueqi , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lei , Tang Qiheng , Chen Yongping , Guo Wenjing , Chang Liang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFluorescent‐patterned materials are widely used in information storage and encryption. However, preparing a patterned fluorescent display on a matrix currently requires a time‐consuming (hours or even days) and complex multi‐step process. Herein, a rapid and mild technique developed for the in‐situ controllable synthesis of fluorescent nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (NCDs) on eco‐friendly transparent wood films (TEMPO‐oxidized carboxyl wood film [TOWF]) within a few minutes was developed. A wood skeleton was employed as the carbon precursor for NCD synthesis as well as the matrix for the uniform and controlled distribution of NCDs. Moreover, the in‐situ synthesis mechanism for preparing NCDs in TOWF was proposed. The resulting fluorescent wood films have excellent tensile strength (310.00 ± 15.57 MPa), high transmittance (76.2%), high haze (95.0%), UV‐blocking properties in the full ultraviolet (UV) range, and fluorescent performance that can be modified by changing the heating parameters. Fluorescent patterning was simply achieved by regulating the in‐situ NCD synthesis regions, and the fluorescent patterns were formed within 10 s. These fluorescent‐patterned wood films can effectively store and encrypt information, and they can interact with external information through a transparent matrix. This work provides a green and efficient strategy for fabricating fluorescent information storage and encryption materials.
Exploring the needs of girls of color in the juvenile legal system: A latent class analysis
Authors: May Natalie , Javdani Shabnam , Godfrey Erin , Cappella Elise 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGirls of color are overrepresented in the juvenile legal system and experience high levels of unmet needs. Assessing and meeting girls' needs may prevent system contact or deeper involvement by providing for these needs in community‐based settings, rather than through juvenile legal systems. This study used a structured interview‐based assessment adapted from an advocacy intervention to examine girls' self‐identified needs and perceived effectiveness and difficulty of accessing resources for these needs. Descriptive analyses found that girls reported needing resources beyond those typically assessed and supported in existing programming, such as technology, extracurriculars, and employment. Latent class analysis revealed four subgroups of girls with distinct but overlapping areas of needs: (1) High Employment, Current School, and Logistical Needs, (2) Low Overall Needs, (3) High Employment Needs, and (4) High Employment, Current School, and Social/Emotional Needs. Girls also reported wide variation in their ability and difficulty accessing needed resources, with employment being most difficult to access and school and social/emotional resources being the easiest to access. These findings suggest that more comprehensive and individualized approaches to programming and community services for system‐impacted girls of color are essential.
Analytical and clinical validation of Alzheimer's disease blood biomarkers with a focus on plasma p‐tau217
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Karikari Thomas K. , Blennow Kaj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) represents a growing global health challenge, necessitating accurate and reliable diagnostic methodologies for timely intervention and management. Immunoassays, specifically designed to detect biomarkers associated with AD pathology, have emerged as pivotal tools in diagnostic development. Understanding of the established protocols ensures assay sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, thereby enhancing the clinical utility of these diagnostic tools. Here, we explore the considerations in immunoassay development, focusing on phosphorylated tau217 assays.Ultimately, a clear understanding of immunoassay development is paramount in advancing the precision and reliability of AD diagnostics, contributing to early detection, improved patient outcomes, and advancements in therapeutic interventions.
Alkene Thianthrenation Unlocks Diverse Cation Synthons: Recent Progress and New Opportunities
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Targos Karina , Holst Dylan E. , Wang Diana J. , Wickens Zachary K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOxidative alkene functionalization reactions are a fundamental class of complexity‐building organic transformations. However, the majority of established approaches rely on electrophilic reagents that limit the diversity of groups that can be installed. Recent advances have established a new approach that instead relies on the transformation of alkenes into thianthrene‐derived cationic electrophiles. These linchpin intermediates can be generated selectively and undergo a diverse array of mechanistically distinct reactions with abundant nucleophiles. Taken together, this unlocks a suite of net oxidative alkene transformations that have been elusive using conventional strategies. This Minireview describes these advances and is organized around the three distinct synthons formally accessible from alkenes via thianthrenation: 1) alkenyl cations; 2) vicinal dications; 3) allyl cations. Throughout the Minireview, we illustrate how thianthrenium salts address key limitations endemic to classic alkene‐derived electrophiles and highlight the mechanistic origins of these distinctions wherever possible.
Reductive Retrocyclization of a Mangana(II)cyclopentasilane to Form Manganese(0) Bis(η2‐disilene) Complexes
Authors: Kawabuchi Yosuke , Suzuki Takuma , Wada Yoshimasa , Sunada Yusuke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLigand‐exchange reactions on a mangana(II)cyclopentasilane complex that contains two THF ligands with aryl isocyanides led to the formation of manganese(0) bis(η2‐disilene) complexes via a retrocyclization. In stark contrast, ligand‐exchange reactions with CNtBu, an N‐heterocyclic carbene, or pyridine‐based ligands furnished manganese(II) complexes wherein the manganacyclopentasilane framework remained intact. The thermolysis of the obtained bis(η2‐disilene) complex in the presence of mesityl isocyanide led to the formation of a cyclotetrasilane via the formal dimerization of the two η2‐disilene moieties. The insertion of a mesityl isocyanide into the Mn−Siβ bond results in the formation of a manganese(II) complex supported by a [SiCSi]‐type tridentate ligand scaffold.
A Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst [Co2O2] Metallacycle Enables Regioselective Allene C(sp2)‐H Functionalization
Authors: Liang Yating , Feng Jiayi , Li Huilong , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Ying , Fan Weigang , Zhang Sheng , Li Man‐Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelective functionalization of allenic C(sp2)‐H is an ideal approach to upgrading simple allenes to synthetically useful allenes, albeit suffering from challenges associated with inert reactivity and inferior selectivity. Inspired by energy chemistry, a catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) strategy was leveraged to selectively activate weakly acidic allene C(sp2)‐H bonds in a reductive mode. An array of [Co2O2] metallacycle complexes were readily devised starting from amino acids, and they were demonstrated as robust HER catalysts, which would selectively break allenic C(sp2)‐H bonds to release hydrogen. With the newly developed HER catalyst, regioselective electrochemical functionalization of allenic C(sp2)‐H with alcoholic α C(sp3)‐H was unprecedentedly achieved. This strategy features excellent regioselectivity, unconventional chemoselectivity, good functional‐group tolerance (62 examples), and mild conditions. Mechanism experiments revealed a reactive hydroxy‐coordinated cobalt(II) species in the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to rationalize the regioselectivity observed in the reaction.
Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of clays from Durban (South Africa) for applications in cosmetics
Authors: Nkosi S'busiso M , Thembane Nokukhanya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClay soils are rock‐decomposed materials comprised of both clay‐ and non‐clay‐like minerals. Clays' physiochemical and mineralogical composition determines their applicability use in cosmetics. Because of their high bioburden, they must be effectively characterized before being incorporated into cosmetics. The scope of the current study was to characterize two different samples of red and white clays for their physical, chemical and biological properties; mined from Durban, South Africa. Characterization was performed using techniques like X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, hydrogen potential, soil colour, oil absorption, swelling capacity, texture, bulk density, plastic and apparent viscosity, sun protection factor and microbiological analysis.
Green synthesis of bovine serum albumin–tailored silver nanoparticles from Aspergillus fumigatus: Statistical optimization, characterization, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity evaluation on colon cancer cells
Authors: Ahmed Syed Suhaib , Sriramcharan Pitta , Arivuselam Rajaguru , Raman Rajeshkumar , Venkatachalam Senthil , Natarajan Jawahar 
Published: February 2024

Nanobiotechnology has evolved as a promising technology in developing therapeutically active materials. This study involved the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from extracellular filtrate from the fungal species Aspergillus fumigatus to assess their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity under in‐vitro conditions. This method has become more reliable than physical and chemical approaches, attributed to its use of ecologically clean and non‐toxic methods. These synthesized nanoparticles are then characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Design optimization was done to optimize the selected variables to choose the best‐fit ratios for the experiment. UV spectroscopy showed the absorption peaks for AgNPs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) AgNPs at 300 and 315 nm. FTIR spectroscopy showed amide, carboxyl, and ester groups in BSA AgNPs, indicating their role in stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle size and zeta potential for AgNPs and BSA AgNPs were found to be 124.81 and 152.92 nm; zeta potentials for AgNPS and BSA AgNPs were found to be −13.3 and −15.6 mV. Various antioxidant studies like 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) (ABTS), ion chelating assay, lipid peroxide assay, and malondialdehyde were carried out, indicating good antioxidant activity for synthesized nanoparticles. SEM images advocated good spherical images and are well dispersed. The cytotoxic assay performed on HT‐29 colon cancer cells exhibited good inhibition activity for AgNPs and BSA AgNPs, with an IC50 value of 120 and 100 μg/ml. These study results revealed that the synthesized AgNPs, on optimization through Box‐Behnken design, exhibited good antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.