bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Self-Recognition of Hearing Loss With Hospitalizations in Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Bessen Sarah , Zhang Wuyang , Lin Frank R. , Garcia Morales Emmanuel E. , Reed Nicholas S. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Hearing loss is highly prevalent and associated with increased health care utilization. Recognition of hearing loss may play an important role in self-advocacy in difficult communication situations and prevent negative outcomes.

Objectives:
To investigate the associations between self-recognition of hearing loss and hospitalization outcomes.

Research Design and Subjects:
This is a cross-sectional analysis of 1766 participants from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Exposures and Outcomes:
The exposure, recognition of hearing loss, was constructed using participants’ self-reported functional hearing difficulty, audiometric hearing loss, and self-reported hearing aid use. Primary outcomes included self-reported hospital stay occurrence and number of hospital stays within the last year. Regression models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics and further stratified by severity of hearing loss.

Results:
Among 1766 participants with hearing loss, those with unrecognized hearing loss [60.1% (n=1062)] had higher but statistically insignificant odds of any hospitalization [odds ratio (OR)=1.32; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.81] or higher count of hospitalizations [incident rate ratio (IRR)=1.13; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.51] compared with those with recognized hearing loss (39.9%, n=704). Among participants with mild hearing loss, those with unrecognized hearing loss demonstrated significantly higher odds of any hospitalization occurrence (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 1.26–4.97) and a higher count of hospitalizations (IRR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.00–4.01) than those with recognized hearing loss. There were no significant differences in hospitalization outcomes among participants with moderate or greater hearing loss.

Conclusions:
In a nationally representative sample of older adults, individuals with unrecognized hearing loss compared with those with self-recognized hearing loss may be at increased odds of adverse hospitalization outcomes.
Inflammation in atherosclerosis: a Big Idea that has underperformed so far
Authors: Williams Kevin Jon 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review
For many years, inflammation has been a major concept in basic research on atherosclerosis and in the development of potential diagnostic tools and treatments. The purpose of this review is to assess the performance of this concept with an emphasis on recent clinical trials. In addition, contemporary literature may help identify new therapeutic targets, particularly in the context of the treatment of early, rather than end-stage, arterial disease.

Recent findings
Newly reported clinical trials cast doubt on the efficacy of colchicine, the sole anti-inflammatory agent currently approved for use in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). New analyses also challenge the hypothesis that residual ASCVD event risk after optimal management of lipids, blood pressure, and smoking arises primarily from residual inflammatory risk. Current clinical practice to initiate interventions so late in the course of atherosclerotic arterial disease may be a better explanation. Lipid-lowering therapy in early atherosclerosis, possibly combined with novel add-on agents to specifically accelerate resolution of maladaptive inflammation, may be more fruitful than the conventional approach of testing immunosuppressive strategies in end-stage arterial disease. Also discussed is the ongoing revolution in noninvasive technologies to image the arterial wall. These technologies are changing screening, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerosis, including early and possibly reversable disease.

Summary
The burden of proof that the Big Idea of inflammation in atherosclerosis has clinical value remains the responsibility of its advocates. This responsibility requires convincing trial data but still seems largely unmet. Unfortunately, the focus on inflammation as the source of residual ASCVD event risk has distracted us from the need to screen and treat earlier.
Technical Note
Authors: Shinkawa Norihiro , Sonoda Ai , Kakizaki Eiji , Yukawa Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wischnewsky spots are disseminated, dark lesions in gastric mucosa reflecting hemorrhage associated with fatal hypothermia, and are a phenomenon well known to forensic pathologists. We applied luminol and leucomalachite green tests to formalin-fixed gastric mucosa with Wischnewsky spots in autopsy cases of hypothermia. Both luminol and leucomalachite green tests showed positive reactions. We describe the technical significance of these tests in forensic diagnosis, in that luminol and leucomalachite green tests may be useful in forensic autopsy cases, and may also be useful for formalin-fixed organs.
Free-Breathing Respiratory Triggered High-Pitch Lung CT
Authors: Schwarz Annette , Hofmann Christian , Dickmann Jannis , Simon Arndt , Maier Andreas , Wacker Frank K. , Raatschen Hans-Jürgen , Gleitz Stephan , Schmidbauer Martina 
Published: January 2025

Objective
Respiratory motion can affect image quality and thus affect the diagnostic accuracy of CT images by masking or mimicking relevant lung pathologies. CT examinations are often performed during deep inspiration and breath-hold to achieve optimal image quality. However, this can be challenging for certain patient groups, such as children, the elderly, or sedated patients. The study aimed to validate a dedicated triggering algorithm for initiating respiratory-triggered high-pitch computed tomography (RT-HPCT) scans in end inspiration and end expiration in complex and irregular respiratory patterns using an anthropomorphic dynamic chest phantom. Additionally, a patient study was conducted to compare the image quality and lung expansion between RT-HPCT and standard HPCT.

Materials and Methods
The study utilized an algorithm that processes the patient's breathing motion in real-time to determine the appropriate time to initiate a scan. This algorithm was tested on a dynamic, tissue-equivalent chest motion phantom to replicate and simulate 3-dimensional target motion using 28 breathing motion patterns taken from patient with irregular breathing. To evaluate the performance on human patients, prospective RT-HPCT was performed in 18 free-breathing patients. As a reference, unenhanced HPCT of the chest was performed in 20 patients without respiratory triggering during free-breathing. The mean CTDI was 1.73 mGy ± 0.1 mGy for HPCT and 1.68 mGy ± 0.1 mGy for RT-HPCT. For phantom tests, the deviation from the target position of the phantom inlay is known. Image quality is approximated by evaluating stationary versus moving acquisitions. For patient scans, respiratory motion artifacts and inspiration depth were analyzed using expert knowledge of lung anatomy and automated lung volume estimation. Statistical analysis was performed to compare image quality and lung volumes between conventional HPCT and RT-HPCT.

Results
In phantom scans, the average deviation from the desired excursion phase was 1.6 mm ± 4.7 mm or 15% ± 24% of the phantom movement range. In patients, the overall image quality significantly improved with respiratory triggering compared with conventional HPCT (P < 0.001). Quantitative average lung volume was 4.0 L ± 1.1 L in the RT group and 3.6 L ± 1.0 L in the control group.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a patient-adaptive respiratory triggering algorithm for high-pitch lung CT in both phantom and patients. Respiratory-triggered high-pitch CT scanning significantly reduces breathing artifacts compared with conventional nontriggered free-breathing scans.
Skull Base Metastasis of Uterine Carcinosarcoma Mimicking Primary Carcinoma of the Middle Ear
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Cui Yan , Du Bulin , Li Xuena , Li Yaming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare type of endometrial carcinoma with poor prognosis. A bone metastasis to the skull base is extremely scarce in uterine carcinosarcoma. A 54-year-old woman with uterine carcinosarcoma complained of right ear otorrhea and otalgia. 18F-FDG PET/CT presented an increased FDG uptake at the right middle ear involving the mastoid process and external acoustic meatus. Primary carcinoma of the middle ear was considered according to clinical symptoms and PET manifestation. However, the skull base metastasis from uterine carcinosarcoma was pathologically confirmed. The rare metastasis from uterine carcinosarcoma should be differentiated from primary carcinoma of the middle ear.
Intense FAP Expression of Ovarian Metastatic Breast Cancer Detected by [68Ga]RTX-1363 PET/CT
Authors: Glantschnig Lisa , Reitsam Nic G. , Kircher Malte , Segmiller Diana , Lapa Constantin , Dierks Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
PET/CT targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) in cancer-associated fibroblasts shows promise in theranostics. Here, we report the case of a 31-year-old woman with hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer who presented with rising CA15-3 for further diagnostic workup. Whereas [18F]FDG PET/CT was unremarkable, novel [68Ga]RTX-1363 PET/CT revealed intense tracer accumulation in thoracoabdominal lymph nodes and both ovaries. Follow-up imaging confirmed tumor progression, and diagnostic laparoscopy verified metastatic disease in the ovaries with high FAP expression in the tumor stroma. This case underscores the superior sensitivity of [68Ga]RTX-1363 PET/CT over [18F]FDG PET/CT, enhancing breast cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Evaluation of Lower Lip Hypoesthesia Using Trigeminal Somatosensory Evoked Potential After Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy: Retrospective Study
Authors: Gomi Karen , Moroi Akinori , Kohara Riku , Ono Sumire , Yoshizawa Kunio , Ueki Koichiro 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
This study evaluated the degree of paresthesia and recovery of the lower lip and chin in patients who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) by measuring the preoperative and postoperative trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential (TSEP).

Study Design:
Thirty-seven patients with skeletal class II and III malocclusion who underwent SSRO were included. TSEP was measured at 7 points: preoperatively and 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test (SW test) was also performed concurrently.

Results:
Patients were considered to have recovered when the preoperative values were achieved postoperatively. Stimulation and latency N25 showed significant positive correlations with the SW test. Stimulation measured using TSEP was significantly lower than that measured in the SW test at each time point (P<0.001). In contrast, latency N25 measured using TSEP was significantly higher than that measured in the SW test (P<0.001). TSEP measurements indicated earlier remission compared with the SW test (P<0.001).

Conclusion.
The gap between qualitative and quantitative evaluations was indicated. Therefore, TSEP may be a more sensitive alternative for evaluating trigeminal nerve paresthesia after orthognathic surgery. Furthermore, it enables a detailed analysis of the degree of nerve recovery.
Dysregulated Clot Mechanics and Kinetics Impacted by Injury Severity, Predict Mortality After Trauma
Authors: Gosselin Andrew R. , Bargoud Christopher G. , Sawalkar Abhishek , Mathew Shane , Toussaint Ashley , Greenen Matthew , Coyle Susette M. , Macor Marie , Krishnan Anandi , Goswami Julie , Hanna Joseph S. , Tutwiler Valerie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Coagulopathy following traumatic injury impairs stable blood clot formation and exacerbates mortality from hemorrhage. Understanding how these alterations impact blood clot stability is critical to improving resuscitation. Furthermore, the incorporation of machine learning algorithms to assess clinical markers, coagulation assays and biochemical assays allows us to define the contributions of these factors to mortality. In this study, we aimed to quantify changes in clot formation and mechanics after traumatic injury and their correlation to mortality.

Materials and Methods: Plasma was isolated from injured patients upon arrival to the emergency department prior to blood product administration, or procedural intervention. Coagulation kinetics and mechanics of healthy donors and patient plasma were compared with rheological, turbidity and thrombin generation assays. ELISA’s were performed to determine tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and D-dimer concentration. Recursive elimination with random forest models were used to assess the predictive strength of clinical and laboratory factors.

Results: Sixty-three patients were included in the study. Median injury severity score (ISS) was 17, median age was 38 years, and mortality was 30%. Trauma patients exhibited reduced clot stiffness, increased fibrinolysis, and reduced thrombin generation compared to healthy donors. Deceased patients exhibited the greatest deviation from healthy levels. Fibrinogen, clot stiffness, D-dimer and tPA all demonstrated significant correlation to ISS. Machine-learning algorithms identified the importance of coagulation kinetics and clot structure on patient outcomes.

Conclusions: Rheological markers of coagulopathy and biochemical factors are associated with injury severity and are highly predictive of mortality after trauma, providing evidence for integrated predictive models and therapeutic strategies.
Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Older Adult (TEMPA) in Thai Version
Authors: Punyanirun Numpung 
Published: January 2025

The objectives of this study were to translate TEMPA into Thai (TEMPA-Thai) and to assess intra-rater reliability in older adults. The original TEMPA was translated into Thai in 2 copies by 2 translators (T1 and T2). The researcher combined both Thai versions into 1 Thai version (T12), which was then translated back into English by 2 native Thai speakers (BT1 and BT2). After that, 3 experts (the physical therapists) analyzed the final synthesis draft (TEMPA-Thai). The researcher then assessed the intra-rater reliability of TEMPA-Thai in 30 older adults. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC (3,1)) were used to measure intra-rater reliability. The TEMPA-Thai had excellent reliability (ICC = 0.956-1.00). Furthermore, the standard error of measurement in this study was calculated to be between 0.00 and 3.75. The TEMPA-Thai had a minimal detectable change value between 0.00 and 10.41 seconds. This study was registered at the Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR 20230206004).
Effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Migraine Treatment
Authors: Rodríguez-Prieto Daniel , Remohí-Balanza David , Ávila-López Vicente , Muñoz Fernández Alberto C. , Vicente de Frutos Gonzalo , Martín Pérez Sebastián , Martín Pérez Isidro M. , Alonso Pérez José L. , Villafañe Jorge H. , Sosa Reina M Dolores 
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in treating migraines. tDCS is a noninvasive technique that modulates neuronal excitability and is considered an innovative non-pharmacological treatment for migraines. The research, conducted from February to June 2022, involved a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, Trip Database, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and PEDro. The risk assessment of randomized controlled trials was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. The meta-analysis included 6 studies with a total of 337 migraine participants. The findings revealed significant benefits of tDCS treatment, including a notable reduction in pain intensity (mean differences [MD] = −2.85 [−4.72 to −0.98], P < .001), a decrease in the number of monthly migraine episodes (MD = −7.62 [−11.23 to −4.01], P < .001), and a reduction in the monthly consumption of migraine medication (MD = −9.42 [−13.60 to −5.24], P < .001). In the short term, tDCS seems effective for migraine treatment. Yet, it is crucial to recognize study heterogeneity, moderate methodological quality, and potential biases. Consequently, future research must uphold rigorous methodologies to validate these findings and explore tDCS’s long-term implications in migraine therapy.
Investigation of the Effects of Counseling in Elderly Individuals Attending Vestibular Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Aydogan Zehra , Aksoy Songül 
Published: January 2025

Subjects:
The effects of counseling service given together with vestibular rehabilitation in elderly individuals with a history of age-related-imbalance were examined.

Material and Methods:
21 volunteer elderly individuals presbyastasis were included in the study. Sensory Organization Test, Mini-BESTest, Tinetti Balance-Gait Test, daily living activities with in Vestibular Disorders, and quality of life was evaluated.

Results:
Before the vestibular rehabilitation protocol, counseling was given to the elderly individuals for an average of 45 minutes. Vestibular rehabilitation training was applied in Computerized Dynamic Posturography twice a week for 8 weeks. After the training, balance and walking, activities of daily living, and quality of life improved (P < .05).

Conclusions:
According to these results, it was concluded that the inclusion of vestibular rehabilitation, which is provided with counseling service, in the rehabilitation program of elderly individuals may be beneficial in improving balance, activities of daily living and quality of life.
Avoiding the Use of Outpatient Rehabilitation Services Under Long-Term Care Insurance During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Matsugaki Ryutaro , Saeki Satoru , Matsuda Shinya 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
This study clarifies why patients avoided the use of outpatient rehabilitation services covered by long-term care insurance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
Self-administered online questionnaires targeted 474 outpatient rehabilitation facilities under long-term care insurance in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan.

Results:
Main avoidance reasons were users avoiding contact with other users, families avoiding contact with users and other users, and users avoiding contact with staff. Users’ physical and cognitive functions, motivation for activities, and assistance levels subsequently deteriorated.

Conclusion:
Methods for providing rehabilitation are needed in future pandemics to ensure patients maintain physical and cognitive functions and live independently.
The Effect of Virtual Intelligence Games Applied to Older Adults on Cognitive Skills
Authors: Sertel Meral , Gündoğan Muhammed , Bostanoğlu Beyzanur , Çolak Müberra 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate cognitive status, quality of life, and mood in older adults through intelligence games loaded onto smartphones.

Methods: In this study, 60 older adults aged 65 and over, who voluntarily participated and visited the outpatient clinic of the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, were evaluated. The sociodemographic information of the older adults such as age, height, weight, etc., was recorded. The cognitive statuses were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the quality of life was evaluated using the Nottingham Health Profile, and the depression statuses were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Those older adults meeting the inclusion criteria, with a MMSE score below 24, were included in the study, totaling 50 participants. Subsequently, the individuals were randomly divided into 2 groups: training and control, with each group consisting of 25 older adults. The training group was requested to play intelligence games developed by researchers and installed on their smartphones at least once a day for 8 weeks. Both the training and control groups were assessed using a questionnaire created before and after the training period.

Results: According to the statistical analysis conducted, a significant difference was found between the training and control groups in the MMSE, MoCA, and GDS scores after the training. There was a significant difference found in the total score of sleep, emotional state, and overall quality of life (P < .05), while no significant differences were detected among the other parameters (P > .05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, it was determined that technological advancements and the intelligence games loaded onto their smartphones, which they can access anytime and anywhere, improved the cognitive status of older adults in areas such as memory, attention, calculation, and shape matching and, it was observed that these activities enhanced their mood, sleep, and overall quality of life.
Reusable Intermittent Catheters are Acceptable but Product Innovation is Needed
Authors: Clancy Bridget , Murphy Cathy , Avery Miriam , Macaulay Margaret , May Carl , Fader Mandy 
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of intermittent catheter users after using both reusable and single-use catheters, with a particular focus on factors that affected acceptability.

DESIGN:
Qualitative descriptive study following a clinical trial.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:
Thirty-six participants who had used both reusable and single-use catheters in a clinical trial were interviewed between June 2022 and March 2024. All were living at home in England or Wales, UK.

METHODS:
Participants were invited to interview following one-year’s use of a reusable catheter as part of a clinical trial. The reusable catheter was used in combination with their usual single-use catheter. Semi-structured telephone and video interviews were used to enable participants to describe their experiences. Data were analyzed using inductive methods and framework analysis to develop themes and subthemes.

RESULTS:
Data analysis identified 4 themes. Successful use of the reusable catheter depended on capacity, confidence and willingness of the individual to adapt. Most people found reuse easier to do at home but there were significant barriers when going out. The design of the catheter used in the trial and the process of reuse did not suit everyone. While there was a desire to continue reuse, this was conditional on the provision of single-use catheters to enable users to mix and match both types in different situations.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study presents data from participants who were enthusiastic to try reusable catheters, mainly for environmental reasons, as part of a trial. For most there was a desire to mix and match, combining single use and reusable catheters for different situations. Innovation is needed to create a range of reusable catheter designs and cleaning processes that better meet individual needs.
Circadian gating: concepts, processes, and opportunities
Authors: Paajanen Pirita , Kimmey Jacqueline M. , Dodd Antony N. 
Published: January 2025

Circadian clocks provide a biological measure of time that coordinates metabolism, physiology and behaviour with 24 h cycles in the environment. Circadian systems have a variety of characteristic properties, such as entrainment to environmental cues, a self-sustaining rhythm of about 24 h and temperature compensation of the circadian rhythm. In this perspective, we discuss the process of circadian gating, which refers to the restriction of a biological event to particular times of day by the circadian clock. We introduce principles and processes associated with circadian gating in a variety of organisms, including some associated mechanisms. We highlight socioeconomic opportunities presented by the investigation of circadian gating, using selected examples from circadian medicine and agricultural crop production to illustrate its importance.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.