bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmentation behavior of young pyroclasts from Mt. Pelée, Martinique
Authors: Huebsch Mila , Kueppers Ulrich , Carazzo Guillaume , Cimarelli Corrado , Hess Kai-Uwe , Hornby Adrian , Lejeune Anne-Marie , Michaud-Dubuy Audrey , Perugini Diego , Weller Daniel , Heap Michael J. , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stratovolcano Mt. Pelée, Martinique, exhibits eruptive styles ranging from dome formation to sustained, highly violent explosive activity. Historical eruptions have produced lava domes and pyroclastic density currents, collectively termed Peléan activity. In pre-colonial times, several Plinian eruptions took place. Here, we explore physical controls on the proportions of fine particles produced—i.e., the fragmentation efficiency—during primary fragmentation. Samples were collected from ignimbrites from the 1929–1932 and 1902–1905 Peléan eruptions and the P1 (1300 CE), P2 (280 CE), and P3 (79 CE) Plinian eruptions. All samples are andesitic in bulk composition and contain a rhyolitic groundmass glass. The Peléan materials are more crystalline and less porous than their Plinian counterparts, a consequence of more extensive outgassing during dome formation. Representative blocks were cored and experimentally fragmented following rapid decompression (> 1 GPa·s−1 from initial pressure between 5 and 20 MPa). Dry sieving allowed for determining grain size distributions, from which the fractal dimensions, Df, were calculated as a quantification of fragmentation efficiency. Our results indicate different behaviors for Peléan and Plinian samples. While fragmentation efficiency is positively correlated with applied potential energy for Peléan samples, this relationship is not observed for the Plinian samples, possibly due to syn-fragmentation gas escape above a certain porosity. The rapid decompression experiments were designed to minimize secondary fragmentation by shear along the walls or impact while preserving the entirety of produced materials. Thus, our experimental grainsize data are physically linked to sample textures and overpressure. By comparison with natural pyroclastic products—commonly incompletely preserved—we can approach quantitatively constraining the energetic conditions underlying individual eruptions.
Computing Generalized Convolutions Faster Than Brute Force
Authors: Esmer Barış Can , Kulik Ariel , Marx Dániel , Schepper Philipp , Węgrzycki Karol 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a general notion of convolution. Let $$D$$
D
be a finite domain and let $$D^n$$

D
n

be the set of n-length vectors (tuples) of $$D$$
D
. Let $$f :D\times D\rightarrow D$$

f
:
D
×
D
→
D

be a function and let $$\oplus _f$$

⊕
f

be a coordinate-wise application of f. The $$f$$
f
-Convolution of two functions $$g,h :D^n \rightarrow \{-M,\ldots ,M\}$$

g
,
h
:

D
n

→

{
-
M
,
…
,
M
}

is $$\begin{aligned} (g \mathbin {\circledast _{f}}h)(\textbf{v}) {:}{=}\sum _{\begin{array}{c} \textbf{v}_g,\textbf{v}_h \in D^n\\ \text {s.t. } \textbf{v}= \textbf{v}_g \oplus _f \textbf{v}_h \end{array}} g(\textbf{v}_g) \cdot h(\textbf{v}_h) \end{aligned}$$

(
g

⊛
f

h
)

(
v
)

:
=

∑

v
g

,

v
h

∈

D
n

s.t.

v
=

v
g

⊕
f

v
h

g

(

v
g

)

·
h

(

v
h

)

for every $$\textbf{v}\in D^n$$

v
∈

D
n

. This problem generalizes many fundamental convolutions such as Subset Convolution, XOR Product, Covering Product or Packing Product, etc. For arbitrary function f and domain $$D$$
D
we can compute $$f$$
f
-Convolution via brute-force enumeration in $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {O}}}(|D|^{2n} \cdot \textrm{polylog}(M))$$

O
~

(
|
D
|

2
n

·
polylog

(
M
)

)

time. Our main result is an improvement over this naive algorithm. We show that $$f$$
f
-Convolution can be computed exactly in $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {O}}}( (c \cdot |D|^2)^{n} \cdot \textrm{polylog}(M))$$

O
~

(
(
c

·

|
D
|

2

)
n

·
polylog

(
M
)

)

for constant $$c {:}{=}3/4$$

c
:
=
3
/
4

when $$D$$
D
has even cardinality. Our main observation is that a cyclic partition of a function $$f :D\times D\rightarrow D$$

f
:
D
×
D
→
D

can be used to speed up the computation of $$f$$
f
-Convolution, and we show that an appropriate cyclic partition exists for every f. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a single entry of the $$f$$
f
-Convolution can be computed more efficiently. In this variant, we are given two functions $$g,h :D^n \rightarrow \{-M,\ldots ,M\}$$

g
,
h
:

D
n

→

{
-
M
,
…
,
M
}

alongside with a vector $$\textbf{v}\in D^n$$

v
∈

D
n

and the task of the $$f$$
f
-Query problem is to compute integer $$(g \mathbin {\circledast _{f}}h)(\textbf{v})$$

(
g

⊛
f

h
)
(
v
)

. This is a generalization of the well-known Orthogonal Vectors problem. We show that $$f$$
f
-Query can be computed in $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {O}}}(|D|^{\frac{\omega }{2} n} \cdot \textrm{polylog}(M))$$

O
~

(
|
D
|

ω
2

n

·
polylog

(
M
)

)

time, where $$\omega \in [2,2.372)$$

ω
∈
[
2
,
2.372
)

is the exponent of currently fastest matrix multiplication algorithm.
Growth of European beech recovered faster than that of Norway spruce after a five-year experimental drought in a mixed forest stand
Authors: Motte Florian , Rötzer Thomas , Biber Peter , Uhl Enno , Pritsch Karin , Pretzsch Hans 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Key Message
Beech growth acclimated better during severe drought and recovered faster than spruce after drought ended. This was associated with a shift in performance along relative tree size towards small trees.

Abstract
The effects of several consecutive drought years and the recovery reaction of mature trees in particular after a long-term drought have been poorly studied so far. In this study, we demonstrate the growth reactions of mature trees during and after a five-year treatment of extended summer droughts, followed by controlled irrigation in a very productive mixed forest stand. We exposed 70-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) and 90-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) trees to reduced precipitation using automatic throughfall exclusion (TE) roofs during the growing seasons from 2014 to 2018, irrigated the trees in early summer 2019 and removed the roofs thereafter. From 2009 to 2022, we monitored annual tree growth and precipitation on 6 plots with throughfall exclusion and on 6 plots with ambient Control conditions (CO) of the KROOF canopy experiment. Norway spruce lost significant growth during drought, with some trees dying and others remaining at a low growth level without significant recovery from the effects of drought stress. European beech also significantly reduced growth at the beginning of the drought but emerged stronger in growth from the drought than the Control group. Spruce and beech showed a non-significant trend of increased inter-specific growth compared to intra-specific growth during drought. We found that spruce benefitted more from mixture than beech in the recovery phase after drought than during the drought phase itself. Most importantly, we observed a shift in growth performance along the relative tree size towards smaller trees in the TE plots for both species. This change in the relationship between diameter increment and tree size during and after drought is a major finding of our study and suggests a possible response mechanism to prolonged drought. This key observation requires further investigation and should be considered in future forest management strategies under changing climatic conditions.
Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is upregulated in aged human adults with excess adiposity but is not associated with insulin resistance and ageing
Authors: Wilhelmsen Andrew , Stephens Francis B. , Bennett Andrew J. , Karagounis Leonidas G. , Jones Simon W. , Tsintzas Kostas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMyostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and appears upregulated in human obesity and associated with insulin resistance. However, observations are confounded by ageing, and the mechanisms responsible are unknown. The aim of this study was to delineate between the effects of excess adiposity, insulin resistance and ageing on myostatin mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle and to investigate causative factors using in vitro models. An in vivo cross-sectional analysis of human skeletal muscle was undertaken to isolate effects of excess adiposity and ageing per se on myostatin expression. In vitro studies employed human primary myotubes to investigate the potential involvement of cross-talk between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle, and lipid-induced insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression was greater in aged adults with excess adiposity than age-matched adults with normal adiposity (2.0-fold higher; P < 0.05) and occurred concurrently with altered expression of genes involved in the maintenance of muscle mass but did not differ between younger and aged adults with normal adiposity. Neither chronic exposure to obese SAT secretome nor acute elevation of fatty acid availability (which induced insulin resistance) replicated the obesity-mediated upregulation of myostatin mRNA expression in vitro. In conclusion, skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression is uniquely upregulated in aged adults with excess adiposity and insulin resistance but not by ageing alone. This does not appear to be mediated by the SAT secretome or by lipid-induced insulin resistance. Thus, factors intrinsic to skeletal muscle may be responsible for the obesity-mediated upregulation of myostatin, and future work to establish causality is required.
Coboundary expansion, equivariant overlap, and crossing numbers of simplicial complexes
Authors: Wagner Uli , Wild Pascal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe prove the following quantitative Borsuk–Ulam-type result (an equivariant analogue of Gromov’s Topological Overlap Theorem): Let X be a free ℤ/2-complex of dimension d with coboundary expansion at least ηk in dimension 0 ≤ k < d. Then for every equivariant map F: X →ℤ/2 ℝd, the fraction of d-simplices σ of X with 0 ∈ F (σ) is at least 2−d Π
k=0
d−1
ηk.As an application, we show that for every sufficiently thick d-dimensional spherical building Y and every map f: Y → ℝ2d, we have f(σ) ∩ f(τ) ≠ ∅ for a constant fraction μd > 0 of pairs {σ, τ} of d-simplices of Y. In particular, such complexes are non-embeddable into ℝ2d, which proves a conjecture of Tancer and Vorwerk for sufficiently thick spherical buildings.We complement these results by upper bounds on the coboundary expansion of two families of simplicial complexes; this indicates some limitations to the bounds one can obtain by straighforward applications of the quantitative Borsuk–Ulam theorem. Specifically, we prove• an upper bound of (d + 1)/2d on the normalized (d − 1)-th coboundary expansion constant of complete (d + 1)-partite d-dimensional complexes (under a mild divisibility assumption on the sizes of the parts); and• an upper bound of (d + 1)/2d + ε on the normalized (d − 1)-th coboundary expansion of the d-dimensional spherical building associated with $${\rm{G}}{{\rm{L}}_{d + 2}}({\mathbb{F}_q})$$

GL

d
+
2

(

F
q

)

for any ε > 0 and sufficiently large q. This disproves, in a rather strong sense, a conjecture of Lubotzky, Meshulam and Mozes.
New classes of parabolic pseudo-differential equations, Feller semigroups, contraction semigroups and stochastic process on the p-adic numbers
Authors: Torresblanca-Badillo Anselmo , Narváez Alfredo R. R. , López-González José 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwo types ofp-adic pseudo-differential operators (denoted, respectively, by$${\mathcal {T}}_{{\varvec{f}}_{1},{\varvec{f}}_{2}}^{l}$$Tf1,f2land$${\mathcal {J}}_{{\varvec{f}}_{1},{\varvec{f}}_{2}}^{\alpha }$$Jf1,f2α) are introduced in this article. We will show that the operator$${\mathcal {T}}_{{\varvec{f}}_{1},{\varvec{f}}_{2}}^{l}$$Tf1,f2ldetermines certain Feller semigroups and stochastic processes with state space thep-adic numbers. The second type of these operators (defined on a new class ofp-adic Sobolev space) are connected with contraction semigroups and parabolic pseudo-differential equations.
Changing behavior while having climate change in mind? An investigation of social-psychological predictors for specific pro-environmental behaviors in the energy domain
Authors: Brohmer Hilmar , Köstenbaumer Daniel , Thaller Annina E. , Fleiß Eva , Athenstaedt Ursula , Posch Alfred 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSocial scientists and psychologists who study environmental issues need to improve their measures to capture relevant pro-environmental behaviors to reduce greenhouse gas emissions – the main driver of climate change. They also need to identify meaningful predictors for these behaviors, which go beyond mere statistical significance. In this large representative study of the Austrian population (N = 1,083), we aim at addressing both issues. We focus on relevant and specific energy-related behavioral intentions (traveling, electricity consumption and heating) and test a set of preregistered social-psychological predictors in path models, followed by an exploratory machine-learning approach. We show that a combination of some prominent predictors – perceived behavior control, consideration of future and immediate consequences, and willingness to sacrifice – accounts for only 20 to 30% of variance in behavioral intentions. We suggest that future studies confirm our results in other cultures and set even higher qualitative benchmarks for measures and predictors.
Identification and description of relationships between actors involved in crop diversification experiences across Europe
Authors: Cornu Marie-Aline , Frick Rebekka , Chongtham Iman Raj , Iocola Ileana , Canali Stefano , Colombo Luca , Radzikowski Paweł , Stalenga Jarosław , Viguier Loïc , Drexler Dóra , Schneider Anne , Stilmant Didier , Vanwindekens Frédéric M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAgriculture can benefit from crop diversification to facilitate its transition to more sustainable agrifood systems. However, these practices remain rare in Europe. One major barrier is the existence of sociotechnical lock-ins. To clarify the dynamics at work, we analyzed the relationships between actors involved in 23 crop diversification experiences across 11 European countries. The novelty of this paper lies in the systemic analysis of the network of actors involved in crop diversification experiences. Using data from qualitative interviews and cognitive mapping approaches, we identify and describe the role of actors and the key relationships in crop diversification and detect relationships that are currently missing. Our study shows that in the different European countries, similar relationships act as levers or barriers to crop diversification, with farmers and researchers playing a crucial role. The most important cognitive factors that influence the choice of farmers to diversify are environmental and health concerns and the desire to make profit and innovate. We relate the cognitive factors to organizational, technical, economic, and political factors and suggest levers for crop diversification based on successful crop diversification experiences.
MIN3D Dataset: MultI-seNsor 3D Mapping with an Unmanned Ground Vehicle
Authors: Trybała Paweł , Szrek Jarosław , Remondino Fabio , Kujawa Paulina , Wodecki Jacek , Blachowski Jan , Zimroz Radosław 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe research potential in the field of mobile mapping technologies is often hindered by several constraints. These include the need for costly hardware to collect data, limited access to target sites with specific environmental conditions or the collection of ground truth data for a quantitative evaluation of the developed solutions. To address these challenges, the research community has often prepared open datasets suitable for developments and testing. However, the availability of datasets that encompass truly demanding mixed indoor–outdoor and subterranean conditions, acquired with diverse but synchronized sensors, is currently limited. To alleviate this issue, we propose the MIN3D dataset (MultI-seNsor 3D mapping with an unmanned ground vehicle for mining applications) which includes data gathered using a wheeled mobile robot in two distinct locations: (i) textureless dark corridors and outside parts of a university campus and (ii) tunnels of an underground WW2 site in Walim (Poland). MIN3D comprises around 150 GB of raw data, including images captured by multiple co-calibrated monocular, stereo and thermal cameras, two LiDAR sensors and three inertial measurement units. Reliable ground truth (GT) point clouds were collected using a survey-grade terrestrial laser scanner. By openly sharing this dataset, we aim to support the efforts of the scientific community in developing robust methods for navigation and mapping in challenging underground conditions. In the paper, we describe the collected data and provide an initial accuracy assessment of some visual- and LiDAR-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms for selected sequences. Encountered problems, open research questions and areas that could benefit from utilizing our dataset are discussed. Data are available at https://3dom.fbk.eu/benchmarks.
Adel verpflichtet? Verantwortlichkeit für Kriegsgräuel in der historischen Dietrichepik am Beispiel des Todes der Etzelsöhne in der Rabenschlacht
Authors: Elsner-Klug Tamara 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungWenn Leid geschieht, beginnt reflexartig die Suche nach einem Verantwortlichen, dem die Verantwortung für dieses Leid übertragen werden kann, was das Leid aus der Kontingenz heraus in fassbare und handhabbare Kausalität überführt. Spannend wird die Frage nach der Verantwortlichkeit für Leid besonders dann, wenn sich verschiedene Beurteilungsinstanzen nicht einig sind, wem die Verantwortung zuzuschreiben ist, wie beim Tod der Etzelsöhne in der Rabenschlacht.Obwohl die Verantwortlichkeit für dieses zentrale, ausführlich beklagte Kriegsgeschehen auf den ersten Blick leicht zu klären ist – verantwortlich ist derjenige, der das Schwert schwingt, hier also Witege –, entwerfen die Schuldeingeständnisse und Verantwortungszuschreibungen der Figuren und des Erzählers in der Rabenschlacht ein komplexes Netz aus Responsibilisierungsnarrativen, welche die interferierenden und konkurrierenden Verantwortlichkeiten verschieden akzentuieren. Jeder hat Verantwortung, jedem wird Verantwortung zugeschrieben und jeder scheint aus dieser Verantwortung auch entlassen werden zu können, sodass die kausalitätsstiftende Verantwortungsübernahme letztlich nicht zu einer befriedigenden Handhabbarkeit des Kriegsleides führt. Doch kann ein einzelner Krieger überhaupt für den Tod seiner Gegner verantwortlich gemacht werden, wenn das freiwillige und freudige ›Aufs-Spiel-Setzen‹ des eigenen Lebens zum Kriegerethos gehört? Ist der Getötete also selbst verantwortlich? Und kann die Verantwortung überhaupt erlassen werden, wenn die Verantwortungsübernahme und -zuschreibung in der Funktion des Heerführers und nicht in der aktiven Beteiligung am Tötungsgeschehen begründet liegt?Der Beitrag möchte versuchen, dieses Netz an Verantwortlichkeiten zu entwirren und dabei auch aufzeigen, wie die Rabenschlacht zeitgenössische Vorstellungen von der Verantwortung für Kriegsleid im Allgemeinen und der Verantwortlichkeit des Herrschers und Heerführers im Besonderen verhandelt.
Notes from the Field: Public Views on Bioplastics-Findings from Greece
Authors: Skouloudis Antonis , Malesios Chrysovalantis , Lekkas Demetris-Francis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the growing popularity of plastic materials made from renewable biomass sources has prompted research on stakeholder views. This is because the circularity and decoupling credentials producing such materials can be substantial but also bring to the forefront pressing questions around public receptiveness and support. To this regard, primary research on public views towards this broad class of materials derived from bio-based sources remains sparse, highlighting a topic that requires further attention and examination across national terrains. In this research note, we focus on Greece and draw from semi-structured interviews with consumers and representatives of other key stakeholders to shed light on awareness, perceptions, attitudes, concerns and viewpoints on bioplastics. The preliminary findings indicate and further confirm issues that warrant the consideration of companies’ product development departments and offer insights in refining product presentation in the marketplace by informing marketing and communication activities. Likewise, these findings can feed into education or awareness-raising campaigns and programmes for the functional features, the terminology, the potential benefits and the proper disposal criteria of plastic products made from biogenic raw materials. Studies such as ours pave the way for a better understanding of how primary and secondary stakeholders perceive such bio-based interventions in the production system and shed light on evaluations, knowledge gaps and expectations affecting intentions to support relevant research-and-innovation outputs in the value chain. While we do not consider the study to be fully representative of the Greek population, insights drawn from the interviews do contribute to the body of knowledge encompassing stakeholders’ views which can inform the development of the industry.
Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in South Korea (2000–2018)
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Park Junhee , Hu Hyejung , Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Chatani Satoru , Kurokawa Junichi , Morikawa Tazuko , Yeo Soyoung , Jin Hyungah , Woo Jung-Hun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to understand the impact of previous air quality improvement policies on historical emission changes by examining long-term emission trends in Korea. Annual emissions from 2000 to 2018 were estimated using Korea’s official emissions inventory, the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). To ensure a consistent comparison, standardization of the method for calculating emissions and unification of the reported emission sectors were conducted each year. Furthermore, Korea’s emissions history was compared with that of neighboring countries, such as China and Japan. The annual emissions of these countries were acquired from the HTAPv3 emissions inventory, an international long-term emission trend study. For comparison, the emission source classification of Korea was matched with that of HTAPv3. As a result of the analysis, NOx and SOx emissions in Korea have shown decreasing trends, whereas VOCs (volatile organic compounds) have indicated a gradual increasing trend since 2000. Compared to the previous period of implementing South Korea’s air quality improvement policy, changes in NOx and SOx emissions, which are combustion-related pollutants, showed a relationship with the policy’s timeline. However, non-combustion-related pollutants such as VOCs did not exhibit such a relationship. It was concluded that the related policies were not as effective in reducing VOCs as planned in the policy. By comparing the emission trends of Japan, Korea, and China, it was confirmed that Japan was the first country to experience a decrease in combustion-related pollutants emissions, followed by Korea and China. Additionally, combustion-related pollutants decreased in all three countries, whereas VOCs decreased only in Japan. VOC is a precursor material generating secondary PM2.5 and Ozone; considering that, if relevant policies are additionally implemented to control future PM2.5 concentrations, and to reduce emissions efficiently and effectively, Japan’s VOC reduction policies can be applied to Korea’s emission reduction policies. These results are expected to serve as important references when establishing future air quality improvement policies in Korea.