bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Last Ice Area projections from a high-resolution Global Earth System Model
Authors: Fol Madeleine , Tremblay Bruno , Pfirman Stephanie , Newton Robert , Howell Stephen , Lemieux Jean-François 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Last Ice Area—located to the north of Greenland and the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago—is expected to persist as the central Arctic Ocean becomes seasonally ice-free within a few decades. Projections of the Last Ice Area, however, have come from relatively low resolution Global Climate Models that do not resolve sea ice export through the waterways of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nares Strait. Here we revisit Last Ice Area projections using high-resolution numerical simulations from the Community Earth System Model, which resolves these narrow waterways. Under a high-end forcing scenario, the sea ice of the Last Ice Area thins and becomes more mobile, resulting in a large export southward. Under this potentially worst-case scenario, sea ice of the Last Ice Area could disappear a little more than one decade after the central Arctic Ocean has reached seasonally ice-free conditions. This loss would have profound impacts on ice-obligate species.
Rapid human oogonia-like cell specification via transcription factor-directed differentiation
Authors: Pierson Smela Merrick , Kramme Christian C , Fortuna Patrick R J , Wolf Bennett , Goel Shrey , Adams Jessica , Ma Carl , Velychko Sergiy , Widocki Ursula , Srikar Kavirayuni Venkata , Chen Tianlai , Vincoff Sophia , Dong Edward , Kohman Richie E , Kobayashi Mutsumi , Shioda Toshi , Church George M , Chatterjee Pranam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The generation of germline cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represents a milestone toward in vitro gametogenesis. Methods to recapitulate germline development beyond primordial germ cells in vitro have relied on long-term cell culture, such as 3-dimensional organoid co-culture for ~four months. Using a pipeline with highly parallelized screening, this study identifies combinations of TFs that directly and rapidly convert hiPSCs to induced oogonia-like cells (iOLCs). We demonstrate that co-expression of five TFs – namely, ZNF281, LHX8, SOHLH1, ZGLP1, and ANHX, induces high efficiency DDX4-positive iOLCs in only four days in a feeder-free monolayer culture condition. We also show improved production of human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from hiPSCs by expression of DLX5, HHEX, and FIGLA. We characterize these TF-based iOLCs and hPGCLCs via gene and protein expression analyses and demonstrate their similarity to in vivo and in vitro-derived oogonia and primordial germ cells. Together, these results identify new regulatory factors that enhance human germ cell specification in vitro, and further establish unique computational and experimental tools for human in vitro oogenesis research.
High‐dimensional optimal design of dual‐rotor synchronous reluctance machines based on data‐driven torque decomposition
Authors: Farshbaf‐Roomi Farnam , Shoaei Aran , Zhu Jianguo , Wang Qingsong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe multi‐objective optimal design of double‐sided stator dual‐rotor synchronous reluctance machines (DSS‐DRSynRMs) is a challenging high‐dimensional problem. The objective of this paper is to present a new optimal design method based on data‐driven models and the principle of torque decomposition addressing the aforementioned issue. For this purpose, a 26‐parameter optimisation problem is solved by employing the proposed method consisting of three sequential phases. Through the proposed method, the combination of artificial neural network (ANN) and recently introduced waveform targeting surrogate model (WTSM) strategy is investigated to mitigate the computational complexity of the optimisation process. Furthermore, the electromagnetic performance of the final optimal design has been comprehensively analysed showing a significant reduction in torque ripple rate and improved torque density. Moreover, the computational efficiency of the proposed method has been compared to the popular multi‐level multi‐objective optimisation method. From the discussion, it can be found that the proposed method provides a reduced computation time and wider search space.
Microbiome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of herbal sitz bath complementary therapy in accelerating postoperative recovery from perianal abscesses
Authors: Chen Xinghua , Guo Xiutian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe herbal sitz bath formula, as a complementary therapy, effectively alleviates postoperative wound pain and accelerates healing time in patients with perianal abscesses. To investigate its mechanism of action, this study conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on wound exudate samples from patients after perianal abscess surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: one receiving the herbal sitz bath as an adjunctive therapy and the other without this adjunctive therapy. Samples were collected on the first and eighth days after surgery to compare the differences in microbial community composition between the two groups on the eighth day and between the first and eighth days within each group. The study revealed that the herbal sitz bath significantly altered the structure of the microbial community, increasing its diversity and abundance. By reducing Enterococcus and increasing Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Ruminococcus, the therapy enhanced the wound's anti‐infective capacity and accelerated healing. This study explored the potential mechanism of the herbal sitz bath formula as an adjunctive therapy in promoting postoperative recovery from perianal abscesses, providing valuable data for further research on the role of microorganisms in wound care. These findings contribute to optimising postoperative treatment regimens and facilitating patient recovery.
Nonsyndromic Hypodontia and Associated Developmental Dental Anomalies in Siblings: A Case Series and a Review
Authors: Al-Abdallah Mariam , Al-Sadi Nabeel , Tayeh Hadeel , Althagafi Nebras , Eshky Rawah , Dar-Odeh Najla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA dental anomaly is any deviation from normal tooth development, affecting the number, size, form, position, or structure of one or more teeth. Examining affected family members can enhance our understanding of the genetic factors involved in both normal and abnormal dental development. Hypodontia is a common dental anomaly characterized by the congenital absence of one or more teeth. It may exhibit a familial pattern associated with certain dental anomalies in siblings. The two main treatment modalities for hypodontia are space opening for prosthetic replacement of the missing tooth or space closure, which underscores the need for an interdisciplinary approach of management. This case series aims to present the clinical dental features and treatment modalities of 10 siblings from 5 families who exhibited hypodontia and other nonsyndromic dental anomalies with malocclusion. A thorough literature review on familial and genetic basis of hypodontia and associated dental anomalies in siblings is also presented.
Management of Malignant Colon Polyps
Authors: Charboneau Alex , Law Joanna K. , Kaplan Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSurgically resected stage I colon cancer results in the best possible prognosis for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. However, there remains some debate about whether formal oncologic resection is necessary for the earliest of tumors—those detected in a polyp. To best understand whether an oncologic resection is “avoidable” in select cases of patients with a malignant polyp, it is necessary to review the contemporary evidence on endoscopic techniques, risks of lymph node metastasis, and nuances of the decision-making between oncologic resection and surveillance.
Home Respiratory Polygraphy to Detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome after Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy
Authors: Hernández-Sandemetrio Rosa , Oishi Natsuki , Chavero Tomás , Navarro Rafael , López Isabel , Zapater Enrique 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction Supracricoid partial laryngectomy is a surgical treatment for advanced laryngeal cancer which is implemented to preserve organ function, but it may cause obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) due to anatomical changes after surgery that may be neglected by clinicians.Although the gold standard for the diagnosis of OSAS is polysomnography, respiratory polygraphy is an alternative valid method with a high level of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity; since the equipment is portable, it can be used at home, with no need for hospitalization.
Objective To describe the polygraphy result of patients submitted to supracricoid partial laryngectomy.
Methods The present study included 13 patients, and we collected data on age, date of the surgery, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, Epworth score, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).
Results The 13 patients were all male, with a mean age of 62 years. As for the AHI, one patient was classified as severe, six, as moderate, and three patients, as mild; moreover, 3 patients were simple snorers. While 77% of the sample presented OSAS, only 23% presented symptoms of drowsiness.
Conclusion The study group, who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy, did not present self-reported symptoms of OSAS. Nevertheless, polygraphy was a useful tool in this group, and we recommend its systematic use after decannulation to avoid leaving OSAS undiagnosed.
Level of evidence 4; case series study
Inflammation and Coagulation in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Khoury Rabee , Chapman Joab 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCoagulation factors are intrinsically expressed in various brain cells, including astrocytes and microglia. Their interaction with the inflammatory system is important for the well-being of the brain, but they are also crucial in the development of many diseases in the brain such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. The cellular effects of coagulation are mediated mainly by protease-activated receptors. In this review, we sum up the role of the coagulation cascade in the development of different diseases including psychiatric disorders. In inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, fibrinogen activates microglia and suppresses the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, leading to axonal damage and suppression of remyelination. In ischemic stroke, thrombin activity is associated with the size of infarction, and the inhibition of either thrombin- or protease-activated receptor 1 promotes neuronal survival and reduces the size of infarction. Patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease express higher levels of thrombin, which in turn damages the endothelium, increases blood–brain barrier permeability, and induces cell apoptosis. In major depressive disorder, a positive correlation is present between prothrombotic states and suicidality. Moreover, both protein S deficiency and antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with schizophrenia and there is an effect of warfarin on psychosis-free intervals. Studying the coagulation in the brain could open a new door in understanding and treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, and extensive research should be conducted in this field.
Miniaturized inertial sensor based on high-resolution dual atom interferometry
Authors: Lu Si-Bin , Fu Jia-Hao , Jiang Min , Sun Chuan , Yao Zhan-Wei , Chen Xiao-Li , Li Shao-Kang , Ke Min , Wang Bo , Li Run-Bing , Wang Jin , Zhan Ming-Sheng 
Published: January 2025

Atom interferometry shows high sensitivity for inertial measurements in the laboratory, but it faces difficulties in field applications because of a trade-off between sensitivity and size. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a small sensor with high resolution for measuring acceleration and rotation in inertial navigation applications. Presented here is a miniaturized inertial sensor capable of measuring acceleration and rotation simultaneously based on high-resolution dual atom interferometers. A sensor head is integrated within a volume of 100 l, in which the vacuum chambers are fabricated by bonding quartz-glass windows with epoxy resin. A photoelectric cabinet is composed of four 3U rack units by integrating optical modules and electronic units. Dual atom interference fringes with a contrast of 29% are observed, and the acceleration and rotation are measured simultaneously by extracting their phase shifts. By developing a temperature compensation method to eliminate phase drifts caused by the thermal deformation of the Raman mirrors and using wave vector reversal to eliminate the phase drifts independent of the direction of the wave vector, measurement resolutions of 40 ng at 518 s and 6.1 nrad/s at 10 880 s are achieved for acceleration and rotation, respectively, from Allan deviations.
Analysis of the degradation characteristics and causes of the HTS insert magnet after quenching in the 32.4T test
Authors: Gao Shuowei , Liu Fang , Hu Shuai , Xue Shengquan , Hong Wenzhe , Wang Ziming , Wang Zhaoran , Shao Liangjun , Zhao Haitian , Wang Zhen , Gao Peng , Qu Timing , Zhang Xintao , Liu Huajun , Song Yuntao , Li Jiangang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The quench of a superconducting magnet in a high magnetic field environment causes irreversible damage to the magnet. A 32.4 T completely superconducting magnet consisting of a low-temperature superconducting (LTS) external magnet and a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) inserting magnet was developed and tested. The LTS external magnet quickly discharged after quenching when the system’s peak center magnetic field reached 32.4 T. The inserting magnet, particularly the Coil 1 magnet on the magnet’s innermost side, was damaged due to the quick current change in the LTS external magnet. This created a significant current inside the HTS magnet due to the mutual inductance effect. The overcurrent caused the degradation of Coil 1 magnet. The continuous critical current of DP69, DP80, DP85, and DP94 in the magnet was measured to investigate the degradation. Numerous circular burn sites in areas of degraded critical current were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To analyze the causes of the degradation, a dynamic coupling model of LTS and HTS magnet during quench was developed. The simulation outcomes indicated that the locations exhibiting high hoop stress correspond to those where the normalized critical current density is observed to be notably low, proving that excessive hoop stress is the main reason for the critical current degradation in the coils. Furthermore, the model quantified the turn-to-turn loss in the Coil 1 magnet during the quenching process of the LTS magnet. It offered potential evidence for the circular burn-through points in the superconducting layer.
Spatial wavefunctions of spin
Authors: Rakitzis T Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an alternative formulation of quantum mechanical angular momentum, based on spatial wavefunctions that depend on the Euler angles

φ
,
θ
,
χ

, and have an additional internal projection

n

. The wavefunctions are Wigner D-functions,

D
nm
s

(
φ
,
θ
,
χ
)

, for which the body-fixed projection quantum number

n

has the unusual value

n
=

s

=

s

s
+
1

=
s

, or

n
=
0

. We show that the states

D

s
m

s

(
φ
,
θ
,
χ
)

of elementary particles with spin

s

give a gyromagnetic ratio of

g
=
2

for

s
>
0

, and we identify these as the spatial angular-momentum wavefunctions of known fundamental charged particles with spin. All known Standard-Model particles can be categorized with either value

n
=
s

or

n
=
0

, and all known particle reactions are consistent with the conservation of its projection in the internal frame, and with internal-frame Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of unity. Therefore, we make the case that the

D

nm

s

(
φ
,
θ
,
χ
)

are useful as spatial wavefunctions for spin. Some implications and new predictions related to the quantum number

n

for fundamental particles are discussed, such as the proposed Dirac-fermion nature of the neutrino, the explanation of some Standard-Model structure, and some proposed dark-matter candidates.
An Integral Field Unit for the Binospec Spectrograph
Authors: Fabricant Daniel , Ben-Ami Sagi , Chilingarian Igor V. , Fata Robert , Moran Sean , Paegert Martin , Smith Matthew , Zajac Joseph 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Binospec is a wide-field optical (360–1000 nm) spectrograph commissioned at the MMT 6.5 m telescope in 2017. In direct imaging mode Binospec addresses twin

8
′

(wide) by

15
′

(slit length) fields of view. We describe an optical fiber based integral field unit (IFU) that remaps a 12″ × 16″ contiguous region onto two pseudo slits, one in each Binospec channel. The IFU, commissioned in 2023, fits into the space of a standard slit mask frame and can be deployed as desired in a mixed program of slit masks, long slits, and IFU observations. The IFU fibers are illuminated by a hexagonal lenslet array with a 0

.

″

6 pitch. A separate bundle of sky fibers consists of close-packed bare fibers arranged within an 11

.

″

8 circular aperture. The 640 IFU fibers and 80 sky fibers have a core diameter of 150 μm, corresponding to 0

.

″

90. Three gratings are available, 270 lpm with R ~ 2000, 600 lpm with R ~ 5300, and 1000 lpm with R ~ 6000.
Tricritical behavior of a relativistic field theory in one dimension
Authors: Caldas Heron , Mota A L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The tricritical behavior in a class of one-dimensional (1D) field theories that exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking at zero temperature and chemical potential is analyzed. In the Gross–Neveu-type models of massless fermions the discrete chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken. After doping, the symmetry is restored at a critical chemical potential. We investigate the temperature effects on this doped 1D system under an externally constant Zeeman magnetic field B
0. We find that B
0 suppresses the gapless behavior present for certain values of chemical potential and is able to induce a gapless-gapped phase transition at a critical field strength. We also discuss the consequences of the consideration of inhomogeneous condensates at the tricritical point, within the Ginzburg–Landau expansion.
The Effectiveness of Hands-on Experience Peer-assisted Learning in Aviation Camps for Enhancing Basic Knowledge of Physics, Airplane Components, and Control
Authors: Mongkholsiriwattana Chinapat , Thitayanuwat Watchara , Tep Puthyrom , Cummon Parichat , Boonkham Pawarut , Yisunsri Napat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While engaging in projects helps students gain a solid foundation of knowledge, doing projects alone may result in a lack of practical skills in science. This study aims to enhance students’ real-world knowledge related to physics and aircraft through a KPRc model and Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL). The KPRc model consisted of three components: Knowledge, Principles, and Rc (Radio control). Eighteen DSIL students participated in this study. They took a pre-test before receiving comprehensive training based on the KPRc model at DSIL, then applied their knowledge and skills through PAL to train students at Praratchatan Nayao School (PNS) in Chachoengsao during an aviation camp. Afterward, they took a post-test. Data analysis involved paired-sample t-tests. The results indicated that the pre-test score was 19.94 (SD = 6.64), which increased to 25.67 (SD = 4.84). This study suggests that the combination of hands-on experience and PAL facilitates students’ basic knowledge of physics and practical skills in aviation.
Eco-friendly synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from agricultural waste for electrodes in capacitive deionization applications
Authors: Poonpat Penpicha , Uwanno Teerayut , Tajorn Voragun , Bodsayawit Setthaphon , Reilly Mayuree Phonyiem , Wongwiriyapan Winadda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized from sugarcane bagasse (SB) through dehydration of SB by concentrated H2SO4, graphene oxide (GO) formation by modified Hummers’ method and reduction by anthocyanin in pomegranate juice. It was found that rGO that underwent reduction reaction for 24 hours has highest carbon/oxygen ratio from elemental composition from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), suggesting the highest degree of reduction among all reduction time. The formation of rGO was confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectrum, XPS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy.
Rotation Velocity of the Milky Way Galaxy Based on VLBI Astrometry
Authors: Loungrueang Yosita , Sakai Nobuyuki , Sugiyama Koichiro , Wannawichian Suwicha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The galactic rotation curve is an essential tool for understanding the dynamics, evolution, and formation of the Milky Way galaxy. We can study the mass distribution of the galaxy via the rotation curve. However, the galactic rotation curve, especially for the outer region, has not been accurately determined due to distance uncertainties of Galactic objects. Our target source is IRAS 06469+0333, a star-forming region located near a galactic plane in the outer region of the galaxy. To observe the star-forming region, we use the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique to get the highest accuracy of the position and distance of the source. Thus, we can provide additional data on rotation velocity for accurately constructing the Milky Way outer rotation curve. We collected data from the Outer Rotation Curve of the galaxy with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) project observing water maser at 22 GHz from January 2013 to October 2014. We also used the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) Astronomical Image Processing System (AIPS) software to make data reduction. We have finished data reductions for five epochs. Double peak spectra for the water masers are found in four epochs, and the Vlsr varies between 29 km/s and 31 km/s. A parallax of 0.618 ± 0.166 milliarcsecond (mas) corresponding to a distance of 1.62+
-
0
0..5
3
9
4 kpc is obtained, and proper motions are -1.15 ± 0.07 mas/yr and -0.09 ± 0.61 mas/yr for right ascension and declination directions, respectively. The galactocentric distance and galactic rotation velocity of the source are 9.44+
-
0
0..5
3
4
1 kpc and 187.21 ± 3.94 km/s, respectively. Based on the observational results, the rotation curve is constructed to examine the mass distribution of the Milky Way galaxy. The accuracy of results from this current work will be evaluated based on the comparison with the previous studies.
Thermodynamic Stability of Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black holes with Rényi entropy
Authors: Anusonthi Thanawat , Wongjun Pitayuth , Nakarachinda Ratchapat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Even though, classically, a black holes is gravitational object, it can be treated as a thermodynamic object when quantum effect is taken into account. It is found that by using Gibbs-Boltzmann entropy, thermodynamic system associated Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole is unstable while it is stable under description of Rényi entropy. According to Rényi entropy, the thermodynamic phase space needed to be extended. Specifically, the non-extensive parameter must be treated as a thermodynamic variable. In this work, we investigate the thermodynamic stability of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole with Rényi entropy by treating non-extensive parameter as chemical potential. We found that it is possible to obtain the stability of the black hole under the process with fixing pressure, temperature and number of particles. We also found that there exist the phase transitions from the hot gas to the stable black hole in such the process. Therefore, if such a black hole is possibly observed, the non-extensive effect of Rényi statistics may provide a physical insight beyond the standard approach to black hole thermodynamics.