bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the other side mad: How out‐group distaste benefits less competent candidates
Authors: Strayhorn Joshua A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractI present a formal model of candidate evaluation in a context where voters within some group or political party learn information about to what extent various in‐group candidates (such as a slate of primary candidates) are disliked by an out‐group or opposing party. Thus, a voter's candidate evaluation is based in part on how they process information about which of their own candidates provoke particularly strong distaste from the out‐group. I show that exposure to information about out‐group distaste can cause voters to make misleading inferences about candidate characteristics, causing them to sometimes systematically prefer lower competence candidates. These effects are stronger for certain kinds of low‐information voters, and for more ideologically motivated voters. The model can thus explain under what conditions voters will support politicians who particularly aggrieve the opposition. This can also create secondary incentives for politicians to signal incompetence.
Six Injections of Modified Adjuvanted PQ Grass Is Effective and Well‐Tolerated in a Pivotal Phase III Trial
Authors: Zielen Stefan , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Sturm Gunter J. , Jutel Marek , Pfaar Oliver ,   the RESONATE Investigator Group, Shamji Mohamed H. , Mösges Ralph , Berger Markus , Berger Uwe E. , DuBuske Lawrence , Layhadi Janice A. , Klimek Ludger , Ollert Markus , Skinner Murray A. , Kramer Matthias F. , de Kam Pieter‐Jan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPQ Grass 27600 SU (PQ Grass) cumulative dose is a pre‐seasonal, six‐injection, aluminium‐free, modified subcutaneous immunotherapy product under development for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). A pivotal Phase III randomised double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PQ Grass in subjects with seasonal AR.MethodsAn adaptive group sequential trial PQGrass306 (G306) with one pre‐defined interim analysis was designed, using 2 parallel groups applying a 1:1 active versus placebo randomisation of patients aged 18–65. The primary efficacy endpoint was the EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) Combined Symptom and Medication Score (EAACI‐CSMS0–6) averaged over the peak grass pollen season (GPS).Results858 subjects were screened and 555 subjects were randomised. Based on the results of the pre‐defined interim analysis, the trial was stopped for success showing superiority in favour of PQ Grass. The primary endpoint EAACI‐CSMS0–6 (peak GPS) demonstrated a highly significant and clinically meaningful point difference of PQ Grass over placebo of −0.27 points (95% CI: −0.42 to −0.12), corresponding to a relative difference of −20.3% (p = 0.0005). Highly consistent and beneficial results were obtained for PQ Grass for all key secondary endpoints. Significant induction of blocking IgG4 and IgA antibody subclasses occurred. PQ Grass was well tolerated, and no unexpected safety signals occurred.ConclusionsThis pivotal Phase III trial demonstrated a significant and clinically meaningful effect on the primary endpoint as well as highly consistent secondary endpoint results and a supportive safety profile.
Menstrual‐related symptoms as red flags for school absenteeism among Norwegian adolescents (MINA): A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gravdahl Oline Friestad , Svenningsen Rune , Majak Peter , Majak Guri 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionSevere dysmenorrhea is prevalent among adolescents, yet it remains undertreated, potentially leading to substantial absenteeism from social and academic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of severe dysmenorrhea among Norwegian adolescents, as well as associations between severe dysmenorrhea and academic or social absenteeism. Moreover, the study sought to assess the prevalence of accompanying symptoms and their potential as red flags for absenteeism, thus providing healthcare workers a more robust tool for identifying students for intensified treatment and/or referral. Furthermore, differences in the prevalence of severe dysmenorrhea, accompanying symptoms, and absenteeism based on ethnicity and place of residence were evaluated.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study utilized a digital questionnaire comprising 67 questions divided into three categories: “demographics,” “dysmenorrhea‐related complaints,” and “consequences and actions related to complaints.” Data were analyzed using Chi‐square tests and a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 987 high school students completed the questionnaire and were included in the final analyses. Of them, 38.1% had scores of ≥8 on the Numeric Rating Scale, classified as severe dysmenorrhea. Participants with severe dysmenorrhea reported a significantly higher degree of absenteeism from both school (85.0% vs. 53.1%, p < 0.001) and social settings (84.3% vs. 53.9%, p < 0.001) than those with mild‐to‐moderate dysmenorrhea. Menorrhagia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, p = 0.012), dyschezia (OR = 1.63, p = 0.007), vomiting (OR = 1.97, p = 0.009), and fatigue (OR = 1.97, p = 0.026) were significant predictors of academic absenteeism in a logistic regression analysis. These can serve as relevant red flags for caretakers. Higher rates of social (74.4% vs. 57.0%, p < 0.001) and academic absenteeism (72.9% vs. 57.5%, p < 0.001) due to dysmenorrhea were observed among participants of non‐Norwegian ethnicity.ConclusionsA high prevalence of severe dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms was observed among Norwegian adolescents, leading to a high degree of absenteeism from school and social activities. The highest prevalence of absenteeism was observed among participants of non‐Norwegian ethnicity. Symptoms accompanying severe dysmenorrhea should serve as red flags for healthcare professionals caring for adolescents.
Crohn's Disease With Latent Tuberculosis Infection or Intestinal Tuberculosis: Rapid Discrimination by Targeted Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Ye Lingna , Cao Yushu , Fu Yujuan , Tian Chuwen , Cao Qian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiscriminating Crohn's disease (CD) with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) in tuberculosis‐endemic regions remains challenging.AimTo assess whether targeted next‐generation sequencing (tNGS) could be an efficient method for ITB diagnosis and discrimination from CD with LTBI.MethodsThe study was conducted prospectively from September 2020 until December 2023. We recruited patients with undetermined intestinal ulcers and positive interferon‐gamma release assay. We compared tNGS (using fresh biopsy tissue samples from ulcer bases) to pathological detection of caseous necrotising granuloma, acid‐fast bacillus (AFB) staining, tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (TB‐PCR) for diagnostic efficiency. ITB was diagnosed based on cure by anti‐tuberculosis therapy and comprehensive clinical evaluation.ResultsOf the 100 patients included, 66 had ITB and 34 had CD with LTBI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of tNGS for ITB were 83% (72%–91%), 100% (87%–100%), 100% (92%–100%) and 76% (60%–87%), respectively. TNGS had significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity than AFB staining [15% (4%–39%), p < 0.05], TB‐PCR [22% (12%–36%), p < 0.05] and detection of caseous necrotising granulomas [17% (9%–28%), p < 0.05]. The models combining multiclinical factors increased sensitivity (97% vs. 83%) than tNGS alone. No patients with CD and LTBI had positive tNGS.ConclusionsTNGS using fresh biopsy tissue from ulcer bases is highly sensitive and specific, with superiority over other traditional diagnostic methods for ITB detection. TNGS could facilitate rapid diagnosis of ITB and discrimination from CD with LTBI, particularly in high TB‐endemic countries.
The Shift Premium: Evidence From a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Desiere Sam , Walter Christian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTShift work is a widespread but understudied phenomenon. This study examines one specific aspect of shift work: the shift premium. To this end, we included a discrete choice experiment in an online survey targeted at night and shift workers. Respondents chose between a standard 9 am – 5 pm job paying €15 per hour and a job with shift work in which the wage randomly varied between €12 and €20. The results show that respondents demand significant premiums for shift work, especially for night and rotating shifts. We observe substantial heterogeneity in the shift premium across respondents and provide suggestive evidence of labour market sorting.
CML With Mutant ASXL1 Showed Decreased Sensitivity to TKI Treatment via Upregulation of the ALOX5‐BLTR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Miyashita Naoki , Onozawa Masahiro , Kasahara Kohei , Matsukawa Toshihiro , Onodera Yasuhito , Suzuki Kohjin , Takaku Tomoiku , Teshima Takanori , Kondo Takeshi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, the mechanisms of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were investigated focusing additional sex combs‐like 1 (ASXL1) gene mutations and their downstream effects. While TKIs have improved the prognosis of CML, some patients have shown resistant to therapy. Cases with mutations in epigenome‐related genes such as ASXL1 are known to have a poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanisms of the poor prognosis are unclear. We showed that mutated ASXL1 reduces TKI sensitivity in CML cell lines, and RNA microarray analysis revealed that arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is a significantly upregulated gene under the conditional expression of mutated ASXL1. Enforced ALOX5 expression induced TKI resistance, while ALOX5 knockout increased TKI sensitivity. ALOX5 downstream signal inhibition by LY293111, a leukotriene B4 receptor (BLTR) antagonist, suppressed AKT phosphorylation and enhanced TKI sensitivity. This study revealed that TKI resistance in CML with ASXL1 mutation was induced via ALOX5 overexpression. ASXL1 mutations may confer a clonal advantage through activation of the AKT pathway following ALOX5 overexpression. While combined use of LY293111 with TKIs and asciminib showed synergistic effects against CML cells, the ALOX5‐BLTR signaling pathway is novel therapeutic target for CML patients with mutated ASXL1.
Super‐Enhancer Target Gene CBP/p300‐Interacting Transactivator With Glu/Asp‐Rich C‐Terminal Domain, 2 Cooperates With Transcription Factor Forkhead Box J3 to Inhibit Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Li Songyue , Zhang Jingya , Wang Xu , Wang Xinru , Song Yuyu , Song Xinyue , Wang Xiuli , Cao Weiwei , Zhao Chong , Qi Jing , Zheng Xiaodong , Xing Yan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe function of super‐enhancers (SEs) in pulmonary hypertension (PH), especially in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), is currently unknown. We identified SEs‐targeted genes in PASMCs with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐sequence by H3K27ac antibody and proved that CBP/p300‐interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp‐rich C‐terminal domain, 2 (CITED2) is an SEs‐targeted gene through bioinformatics prediction, ChIP‐PCR, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays and other experimental methods. We also found that the expression of CITED2 and the transcription factor Forkhead Box J3 (FOXJ3) was reduced in hypoxic mouse PASMCs. In addition, the expression of CITED2 and FOXJ3 also decreased in both the patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) and the human PASMCs exposed to hypoxia. The decreased expression of CITED2 was reversed by co‐transfection of FOXJ3 and SEs plasmids. Overexpressing of CITED2 attenuated the PASMCs proliferation induced by hypoxia. Lentiviral overexpression of CITED2 also reversed hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension mice model. Mechanically, the expression of CITED2 by affecting by FOXJ3, which binding with three SEs located in the about 2000 bp of TSS. In conclusion, we first identified that CITED2 is a kind of SEs‐targeted gene, modulated by FOXJ3. The FOXJ3/SEs/CITED2 axis may become a new therapeutic target of PH.
Effects of genetically modified maize MON810 on surface‐active springtails (Collembola)
Authors: Cagáň Ľudovít , Minarčíková Lenka , Šebek Pavel , Čížek Lukáš , Skoková Habuštová Oxana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpringtails (Collembola) are an integral and beneficial component of soil communities. As part of a comprehensive study of the effects of the Bacillus thuringiensis‐maize hybrid DKC4442YG (Bt event MON810) expressing Cry1Ab toxin on nontarget invertebrates, we studied abundance and diversity of surface‐active springtails in the temperate region of central Europe (western Slovakia) over 3 years in 10 plots with Bt and 10 plots with the near‐isogenic non‐Bt event DK440. Standard fertilizer and herbicide applications were used without the use of insecticides. Springtails were collected throughout vegetative season, nine to 11 times in each plot every year, using pitfall traps; a total of 580 samples were collected throughout the study period. In total, 7945 individuals of nine species were collected. We found that maize hybrid (Bt vs. non‐Bt) did not affect the average number of species, abundances, or community composition of springtails. There was also no significant interaction between the maize hybrids and seasonal patterns of species numbers, abundances, or community composition. To conclude, the studied genetically modified maize event MON810 did not have any impact on the communities of surface‐active Collembola.
Living standards and forced labour: A comparative study of colonial Africa, 1918–74
Authors: Dolan Leo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite significant advances in the quantitative study of African history, the Portuguese colonial empire remains an underexplored topic. This paper provides the first quantitative assessment of worker living standards in Angola and Mozambique, contextualized within a broader comparison of colonial African empires. Using the barebones subsistence basket method to construct welfare ratios, as well as focusing specifically on the African mining sector, this research offers a comprehensive cross‐temporal and cross‐geographical analysis. Key findings reveal two major patterns: until 1960, welfare ratios in the Portuguese empire were notably lower than in other territories, with this disparity widening after the Second World War. However, starting in the 1960s, welfare ratios in Angola and Mozambique began to rapidly and consistently increase, closing the gap that had widened in the post‐war period and achieving improvements in living standards within a few years that typically took decades to achieve elsewhere. The findings are then interpreted through an in‐depth case study approach, demonstrating how the persistence of forced labour systems under the Portuguese Empire contributed to the consistently low living standards of workers. The unexpected abolition of these coercive systems in 1961 marked the beginning of rapid improvements in living standards, underscoring the critical role of institutional changes within history. This research enhances our understanding of the functioning of coercive labour markets as well as of Africa's diverse colonial experiences.
Avatrombopag for the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Labanca Caterina , Vigna Ernesto , Martino Enrica Antonia , Bruzzese Antonella , Mendicino Francesco , Caridà Giulio , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Puccio Noemi , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Gentile Massimo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAvatrombopag, a second‐generation thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO‐RA), represents a significant advancement in the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP) and a potential therapeutic option for other thrombocytopenic disorders. Approved in both the USA and Europe, avatrombopag offers a convenient oral dosing regimen, initiated at 20 mg daily with food, to achieve and maintain platelet counts ≥ 50 × 109/L. Its favorable safety profile, characterized by minimal hepatic toxicity and the absence of dietary restrictions, distinguishes it from older TPO‐RAs such as eltrombopag and romiplostim. Clinical trials and real‐world data support its efficacy, with over 90% of patients that fail to standard first‐ and second‐line treatments or become unresponsive, achieving target platelet counts, and its hepatotoxicity‐free profile makes it particularly advantageous for patients with liver disease or complex comorbidities. Economic evaluations, including a budget impact analysis for the Italian National Health Service, have projected significant healthcare cost savings associated with avatrombopag use, reinforcing its value as a cost‐effective therapeutic option. However, challenges remain, including limited data on long‐term safety. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of clinical evidence and real‐world data on avatrombopag's efficacy, safety, and pharmacological advantages, while exploring its current and potential therapeutic applications, such as chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia.
Vacuolar Sts1 Degradation‐Induced Cytoplasmic Proteasome Translocation Restores Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ohigashi Noritaka , Hirayama Shoshiro , Yashiroda Hideki , Murata Shigeo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe proteasome is a large multicatalytic complex conserved across eukaryotes that regulates multiple cellular processes through the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The proteasome is predominantly localized to the nucleus in proliferating cells and translocates to the cytoplasm in the stationary phase. Sts1 reportedly plays a vital role in the nuclear import of the proteasome during proliferation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanisms underlying cytoplasmic translocation of the proteasome in the stationary phase remain unknown. Here, we showed that the ubiquitin ligase Hul5 promotes vacuolar sequestration of Sts1 in a catalytic activity‐dependent manner and thus suppresses the nuclear import of the proteasome during the stationary phase. We further demonstrated that cytoplasmic translocation of the proteasome plays a vital role in the clearance of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, mitochondrial quality control, and resuming proliferation from cellular quiescence. Our results provide insights into the mechanisms and significance of the cytoplasmic localization of proteasomes in cellular quiescence.
Utility of p53 and p16 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of human papillomavirus‐associated oral epithelial dysplasia: a retrospective study of 105 patients
Authors: Rosic Damir , Khan Zia A , Jackson‐Boeters Linda , Darling Mark R , Chapman Erin , Lee Lawrence , Liu Kelly Yi Ping , Ng Tony L , Ko Yen Chen Kevin , McCord Christina 
Published: February 2025

AimsThis study investigated the utility of combined p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for diagnosing high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV)‐associated oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and its associated clinical behaviour, including disease recurrence and transformation to malignancy.Methods and ResultsThe expression of p53 was evaluated in 105 cases of HR HPV‐positive oral cavity OED, of which 104 were scored as positive for p16. HPV status was confirmed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) for E6 mRNA or RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Seven cases of p16‐positive oral cavity OED with abnormal p53 expression and/or TP53 mutation and negative HPV RNA ISH were excluded. Most cases (93%) demonstrated classic HPV‐associated basaloid morphology, and 7% were keratinizing. The most affected sites were the floor of the mouth/ventral tongue (61%), followed by the lateral tongue (18%) and gingiva (13%). p53 IHC showed that 76% of cases demonstrated a null‐like / basal‐sparing pattern, while 24% demonstrated a mid‐epithelial/basal sparing pattern. Ten cases exhibited an invasive or suspicious for microinvasive component on biopsy. Dysplasia recurred in 14 cases, and a single case transformed to squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionThe combination of p16 positivity and a basal‐sparing pattern of p53 is predictive of HR HPV in OED, eliminating the need for further HPV‐specific testing. Although HPV OED may co‐occur with invasive squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy, the transformation to malignancy is low.
Factors influencing the quality of life and social skills of children living with HIV: A case–control study
Authors: Yang Qiuyi , Zhou Jiechao , Lan Guanghua , Qin Qi , Lu Hongyan , Chen Wei , Su Jinming , Zeng Xiaoliang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to understand the current status of and factors influencing the quality of life and social skills of children living with HIV and to provide a reference for improving medical service management and formulating support policies.MethodsA total of 183 children aged 7–14 years, living with HIV, and admitted to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention from March 2022 to February 2024 were included retrospectively. We used the children's basic information and their scores from the Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (QLSCA) and Normal Development of Social Skills From Infant to Junior High School Children (S‐M scale) to explore their the status of their quality of life and social skills and the factors influencing both.ResultsFour factors (life satisfaction, socio‐psychological functioning, physical and mental health, and living environment) and QLSCA T‐scores in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01). S‐M scale scores (self‐help, locomotion, operation, communication, socialization, self‐direction) in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The main factors affecting the social skills of children living with HIV were side effects from antiretroviral therapy (odds ratio [OR] 7.365, p < 0.003), comorbidities (OR 12.948, p < 0.006), intellectual development (OR 6.045, p < 0.027), and awareness of HIV infection status (OR 0.261, p < 0.014).ConclusionChildren living with HIV have low quality of life and poor social skills. Clinicians should pay attention to side effects from antiretroviral therapy, comorbidities, children's intellectual development, and their awareness of their HIV infection status.