bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional climate contributes more than geographic distance to beta diversity of copepods (Crustacea Copepoda) between caves of Italy
Authors: Galmarini Emma , Vaccarelli Ilaria , Fiasca Barbara , Di Cicco Mattia , Parise Mario , Liso Isabella Serena , Piccini Leonardo , Galassi Diana Maria Paola , Cerasoli Francesco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the study of subterranean biodiversity facing harsh sampling and mapping challenges, the huge diversity of taxa, ecological adaptations and evolutionary trajectories in subterranean environments is gaining increasing attention. Yet, the spatial and environmental factors driving the composition of groundwater communities are still poorly understood. To partially fill this knowledge gap, we collected copepod crustaceans from 12 caves along the Italian peninsula between 2019 and 2022, sampling each cave twice. The resulting presence-absence data were analysed to assess: (i) between-cave taxonomic beta diversity, also partitioning between turnover and nestedness-resultant dissimilarity; (ii) the relative weight of geographic distance and climatic differences in shaping observed beta diversity. Seventy-one species of copepods were collected overall. Pairwise beta diversity was high for most pairs of caves, with turnover being the major component. Geographic distance-decay models partially explained total beta diversity and turnover patterns. However, in Generalized Dissimilarity Models (GDM), including surface climatic conditions as predictors, the contribution of seasonal temperature averages was generally higher than that of geographic distance. Further, the explanatory and predictive performance of the GDMs notably increased, along with temperature contribution, when widening the spatial extent from which climate data were gathered. Our results confirmed a high spatial turnover in groundwater copepods’ assemblages and strengthened the link between regional climate and subterranean biodiversity.
Bromelain-loaded nanocomposites decrease inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects of gliadin on Caco-2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of celiac patients
Authors: Mousavi Maleki Masoumeh Sadat , Ebrahimi kiasari Ramin , Seyed Mousavi Seyed Javad , Hashemi‐Moghaddam Hamid , Shabani Ali Akbar , Madanchi Hamid , Sardari Soroush 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnzyme therapy can be an appropriate treatment option for celiac disease (CeD). Here, we developed Bromelain-Loaded Nanocomposites (BLNCs) to improve the stability and retention of bromelain enzyme activity. After the characterization of BLNCs, the cytotoxicity of BLNCs was determined on the Caco-2 cell line. The effect of BLNCs on gliadin degradation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from celiac patients were assessed. Furthermore, the expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 genes was measured in CaCo-2 cells treated with gliadin, gliadin-digested with BLNCs, and bromelain. Our study demonstrated that the Bromelain entrapment efficiency in these nanoparticles was acceptable, and BLNCs have no toxic effect on cells. SDS-PAGE confirmed the digestion effect of bromelain released from nanocomposites. When Caco-2 cells were treated with gliadin digested by free bromelain and BLNCs, the expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 genes was significantly decreased. PBMCs of celiac patients treated with Bromelain and BLNCs decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) production compared to untreated PBMCs. This treatment also increased IL-10 and CTLA-4 in PBMCs of CeD patients. According to the promising results of this study, we can hope for the therapeutic potential of BLNCs for CeD.
Antimicrobials use and infection hospital contacts as proxies of infection exposure at ages 0–2 years and risk of infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Rostgaard Klaus , Søegaard Signe Holst , Stensballe Lone Graff , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfectious mononucleosis (IM) often results from late primary infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Exposure to EBV at ages 0–2 years from, e.g., siblings therefore protects against IM. Using Danish registers, we therefore followed children born in 1997 through 2015 from age 3 years for a hospital contact with an IM diagnosis as outcome with the number of antimicrobial prescriptions filled before age 3 years as a proxy of infection pressure and the main exposure in stratified Cox regressions. The main analyses used sibships as strata primarily to adjust for health-seeking behaviour with further possible adjustments for age, sex, calendar period and sibship constellation. In these analyses we followed 7087 children, exposed on average to 3.76 antimicrobials prescriptions. We observed a crude hazard ratio for IM per unit increase in cumulative antimicrobial use of 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.99, 1.02), with similar results in adjusted analyses. The hypothesis that children with the largest use of antimicrobials at ages 0–2 years would subsequently have the lowest risk of IM within a sibship was not corroborated by the data. Furthermore, sibship-matched analyses provided no support for some common early-life immune system characteristics being predictive of IM.
Parents’ life satisfaction prior to and following preterm birth
Authors: Eves Robert , Baumann Nicole , Bilgin Ayten , Schnitzlein Daniel , Richter David , Wolke Dieter , Lemola Sakari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current study tested whether the reported lower wellbeing of parents after preterm birth, relative to term birth, is a continuation of a pre-existing difference before pregnancy. Parents from Germany (the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, N = 10,649) and the United Kingdom (British Household Panel Study and Understanding Society, N = 11,012) reported their new-born’s birthweight and gestational age, subsequently categorised as very preterm or very low birthweight (VP/VLBW, < 32 weeks or < 1500 g), moderately/late preterm or low birthweight (MLP/LBW, ≥ 32 weeks and < 37 weeks/≥ 1500 g and < 2500 g), or term-born (≥ 37 weeks and ≥ 2500 g). Mixed models were used to analyse life satisfaction, an aspect of wellbeing, at four assessments-two years and six months before birth and six months and two years afterwards. Two years before birth, satisfaction of prospective term-born, MLP/LBW, or VP/VLBW mothers did not significantly differ. However, mothers of VP/VLBWs had lower satisfaction relative to mothers of term-borns at both assessments post-birth. Among fathers, satisfaction levels were similarly equivalent two years before birth. Subsequently, fathers of VP/VLBWs temporarily d﻿iffered in satisfaction six months post-birth relative to fathers of term-borns. Results indicate that parents’ lower life satisfaction after VP/VLBW birth is not a continuation of pre-existing life satisfaction differences.
Trapped atoms in spatially-structured vector light fields
Authors: Verde Maurizio , Schmiegelow Christian T. , Poschinger Ulrich , Schmidt-Kaler Ferdinand 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSpatially-structured laser beams, eventually carrying orbital angular momentum, affect electronic transitions of atoms and their motional states in a complex way. We present a general framework, based on the spherical tensor decomposition of the interaction Hamiltonian, for computing atomic transition matrix elements for light fields of arbitrary spatial mode and polarization structures. We study both the bare electronic matrix elements, corresponding to transitions with no coupling to the atomic center-of-mass motion, as well as the matrix elements describing the coupling to the quantized atomic motion in the resolved side-band regime. We calculate the spatial dependence of electronic and motional matrix elements for tightly focused Hermite–Gaussian, Laguerre–Gaussian and for radially and azimuthally polarized beams. We show that near the diffraction limit, all these beams exhibit longitudinal fields and field gradients, which strongly affect the selection rules and could be used to tailor the light-matter interaction. The presented framework is useful for describing trapped atoms or ions in spatially-structured light fields and therefore for designing new protocols and setups in quantum optics, -sensing and -information processing. We provide open code to reproduce our results or to evaluate interaction matrix elements for different transition types, beam structures and interaction geometries.
The impact of anthropogenic transformation of urban soils on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) growth in natural versus urban soils
Authors: Olchowik Jacek , Jankowski Paweł , Suchocka Marzena , Malewski Tadeusz , Wiesiołek Adam , Hilszczańska Dorota 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBetula pendula Roth. is considered a pioneering plant species important for urban ecosystems. Based on the sequencing of fungal ITS, we characterized the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities of twenty silver birch trees growing in a contaminated, highly anthropo-pressured urban environment and in a natural reserve site. We analysed chemical properties of each tree soil samples, focusing on effects of anthropogenic transformation. Three effects of urbanization: high heavy metal content, increased salinity and soil alkalinity, were highly correlated. The examined trees were divided into two forest and two urban clusters according to the level of anthropogenic soil change. The effect of soil transformation on the ECM communities was studied, with the assumption that stronger urban transformation leads to lower ECM vitality and diversity. The results of the study did not confirm the above hypothesis. The ECM colonization was above 80% in all clusters, but the forest clusters had significantly higher share of vital non-ECM root tips than the urban ones. Eleven mycorrhizal fungal species were identified varying from seven to nine and with seven species observed in the most contaminated urban plot. However, the lowest Shannon species diversity index was found in the most natural forest cluster. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate no significant negative effect of the urban stresses on the ECM communities of silver birch suggesting that both forest and urban trees have the potential to generate a similar set of ECM taxa.
Detection of NTRK fusions by RNA-based nCounter is a feasible diagnostic methodology in a real-world scenario for non-small cell lung cancer assessment
Authors: de Oliveira Cavagna Rodrigo , de Andrade Edilene Santos , Tadin Reis Monise , de Paula Flávia Escremim , Noriz Berardinelli Gustavo , Bonatelli Murilo , Ramos Teixeira Gustavo , Garbe Zaniolo Beatriz , Mourão Dias Josiane , da Silva Flávio Augusto Ferreira , Baston Silva Carlos Eduardo , Xavier Reis Marina , Lopes Maia Erika , de Alencar Thainara Santos , Jacinto Alexandre Arthur , da Nóbrega Oliveira Rachid Eduardo Noleto , Molina-Vila Miguel A. , Ferro Leal Letícia , Reis Rui Manuel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNTRK1, 2, and 3 fusions are important therapeutic targets for NSCLC patients, but their prevalence in South American admixed populations needs to be better explored. NTRK fusion detection in small biopsies is a challenge, and distinct methodologies are used, such as RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry, and RNA-based nCounter. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and concordance of positive samples for NTRK fusions using a custom nCounter assay in a real-world scenario of a single institution in Brazil. Out of 147 NSCLC patients, 12 (8.2%) cases depicted pan-NTRK positivity by IHC. Due to the absence of biological material, RNA-based NGS and/or nCounter could be performed in six of the 12 IHC-positive cases (50%). We found one case exhibiting an NTRK1 fusion and another an NTRK3 gene fusion by both RNA-based NGS and nCounter techniques. Both NTRK fusions were detected in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, with no history of tobacco consumption. Moreover, no concomitant EGFR, KRAS, and ALK gene alterations were detected in NTRK-positive patients. The concordance rate between IHC and RNA-based NGS was 33.4%, and between immunohistochemistry and nCounter was 40%. Our findings indicate that NTRK fusions in Brazilian NSCLC patients are relatively rare (1.3%), and RNA-based nCounter methodology is a suitable approach for NRTK fusion identification in small biopsies.
An inductive knowledge graph embedding via combination of subgraph and type information
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Chen Yue , He Peng , Zhang Chao , Wu Hao , Zhang Jiange 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConventional knowledge graph representation learn the representation of entities and relations by projecting triples in the knowledge graph to a continuous vector space. The vector representation increases the precision of link prediction and the efficiency of downstream tasks. However, these methods cannot process previously unseen entities during the knowledge graph evolution. In other words, the model trained on the source knowledge graph cannot be applied to the target knowledge graph containing new unseen entities. Recently, a few subgraph-based link prediction models obtained the inductive ability, but they all neglect semantic information. In this work, we propose an inductive representation learning model TGraiL which considers not only the topological structure but also semantic information. First, distance in the subgraph is used to encode the node’s topological structure. Second, the projection matrix is used to encode the entity type information. Finally, both kinds of information are fused for training to acquire the ultimate vector representation of entities. The experimental results indicate that the model’s performance has been significantly improved compared to the existing baseline models, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness and superiority.
Alterations in gastric and gut microbiota following sleeve gastrectomy in high-fat diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Park Young Suk , Ahn Kung , Yun Kyeongeui , Jeong Jinuk , Baek Kyung-Wan , Lee Jieun , Kim Hyung-Ho , Han Kyudong , Ahn Yong Ju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObesity is considered a high-risk disease and a global epidemic, and the number of obese patients is rising at an alarming rate worldwide. High-fat diet-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is considered an essential factor related to obesity. Bariatric surgery induces a sharp decrease in fat content and effectively improves the metabolism of obese individuals. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet-induced obesity and the alterations in gastric and intestinal microbiota resulting from sleeve gastrectomy on clinical outcomes. We performed 16S sequencing of gastric and fecal samples obtained from rats in three treatment groups: normal chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and sleeve gastrectomy after HDF for 14 weeks. The area under the curve of fasting glucose and the levels of leptin and low-density lipoproteins were significantly different between groups. Microbial taxa that were highly correlated with several clinical parameters were identified for each group. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, taurine and hypotaurine, butanoate, nitrogen, and pyrimidine metabolism and aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid biosynthesis were affected by bariatric surgery and were significantly associated with changes in the composition of gastric and fecal microbiomes. Connectivity and co-occurrence were higher in fecal samples than in gastric tissues. Our results elucidated the positive effects of sleeve gastrectomy in obesity and shed light on changes in the microbiomes of gastric and fecal samples.
Compositional characterization of a primordial S-type asteroid family of the inner main belt
Authors: Bourdelle de Micas J. , Fornasier S. , Delbo M. , Ferrone S. , van Belle G. , Ochner P. , Avdellidou C. 
Published: December 2023

Context. Recently, a primordial family of moderate-albedo asteroid fragments was discovered in the inner main belt. Its age was estimated to be 4.4 ± 1.7 Gyr. However, there is a lack of compositional characterization, which is important to the study of the earliest collisions in the main belt.
Aims. In addition to the previously identified members and the parameters that define the family’s borders (V shape), we expanded the list of family members to include asteroids located within the central region of the V shape. These additional potential members were selected based on their diameter (larger than 7 km) and their geometric visible albedo (greater than or equal to 12%). Subsequently, we conducted a spectroscopic survey to determine the dominant taxonomy and composition of this family. This allowed us to further refine the list of family members by removing interlopers.
Methods. From an initial list of 263 asteroids that are considered to be potential members of the aforementioned primordial family, we retrieved their spectra in the visible and near-infrared range from the literature and from the Gala DR3 spectral catalog of Solar System objects. For asteroids with no or poor signal-to-noise ratio spectra in the literature, we carried out new ground-based observations. We obtained new spectra for 33 members of the family using the 1.82 m Asiago Telescope for the visible spectroscopy, while for near-infrared spectroscopy, we used the 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) and the 4.30 m Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT).
Results. In total, we collected spectra for 261 potential members of the primordial S-type family out of 263. We determined their spectral taxonomy and properties, such as spectral slopes and absorption band parameters, when existing. Using the taxonomical characterization and the orbital space parameters, we identified and removed 71 interlopers from the potential members list. The final list of the primordial S-type family members includes 190 asteroids. The family is dominated by S-complex (~71%) asteroids with a mineralogy similar to ordinary chondrites and pyroxene-rich minerals. The family also contains members classified as L-types and V-types. (~15% and ~9%, respectively).
Conclusions. The mean albedo of the family is ~23%, and its largest probable remnant is the asteroid (30) Urania. The estimated size of the family parent body ranges between 110 and 210 km. This size range is compatible with the progenitor of H and L chondrites.
A dynamic view of V Hydrae
Authors: Planquart L. , Jorissen A. , Escorza A. , Verhamme O. , Van Winckel H. 
Published: December 2023

Context. The well studied carbon star V Hydrae is known to exhibit a complex asymmetric environment made of a dense equatorial wind and high-velocity outflows, hinting at its transition from the AGB phase to the asymmetric planetary nebula phase. In addition, V Hydrae also exhibits a long secondary period of 17 yr in its light curve, suggesting the presence of a binary companion that could shape the circumstellar environment.
Aims. In this paper, we aim to confirm the binary nature of V Hydrae by deriving its orbital parameters and investigating the effect of the orbital motion on the circumbinary environment.
Methods. In a first step, we used a radial-velocity monitoring performed with the HERMES spectrograph to disentangle the pulsation signal of the AGB from its orbital motion and to obtain the spectroscopic orbit. We combined the spectroscopic results with astrometric information to get the complete set of orbital parameters, including the system inclination. Next, we reported the time variations of the sodium and potassium resonance doublets. Finally, following the methods used for post-AGB stars, we carried out spatio-kinematic modelling of a conical jet to reproduce the observed spectral-line modulation.
Results. We found the orbital solution of V Hydrae for a period of 17 yr. We correlated the companion passage across the line of sight with the obscuration event and the blue-shifted absorption of alkaline resonant lines. Those variations were modelled by a conical jet emitted from the companion, whose opening angle is wide and whose sky-projected orientation is found to be consistent with the axis of the large-scale bipolar outflow previously detected in the radio-emission lines of CO.
Conclusions. We show that the periodic variation seen for V Hydrae is likely to be due to orbital motion. The presence of a conical jet offers a coherent model to explain the various features of V Hydrae environment.
Schwangerschaft im Jugendalter
Authors: Beck Hanna , Stepan Holger 
Published: December 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSchwangerschaften im Jugendalter nehmen weltweit ab, stellen aber für die Jugendlichen ein einschneidendes Ereignis in einer vulnerablen Lebensphase dar. Schwangere Jugendliche kommen häufiger aus sozial benachteiligten Verhältnissen und haben ein höheres Risiko für geburtshilfliche Komplikationen wie Frühgeburtlichkeit, ein niedriges Geburtsgewicht und niedrigere APGAR-Werte. Die Beratung und Behandlung von jugendlichen Schwangeren sollte abgestimmt sein auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse und Risiken dieser Patientinnengruppe. Eine adäquate Schwangerschaftsvorsorge ist essenziell, ebenso wie die Nachsorge durch eine Hebamme. Die Angebote der „Frühen Hilfen“ bieten zudem vielfältige soziale Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine rasche Folgeschwangerschaft ist bei Teenager-Müttern hoch, daher ist eine individuelle Beratung zur Kontrazeption wesentlich.
Brustfehlbildungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Briest Susanne , Weydandt Laura , Wallochny Sandra , Aktas Bahriye 
Published: December 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der Entwicklung der Brust kann es bei Mädchen und Jungen zu Abweichungen kommen, die verschiedene Ursachen haben können. Während einige Veränderungen bereits bei der Geburt sichtbar sind, entwickeln sich andere erst während der Pubertät. Allen gemeinsam ist, dass sie die Betroffenen häufig psychisch belasten. Nur in wenigen Fällen ist eine Operation zur Korrektur der Fehlbildungen notwendig.
Weibliche genitale Fehlbildungen
Authors: Schneider Judith C. , Vural Mehmet , Köninger Angela 
Published: December 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGenitale Fehlbildungen betreffen 3,0–6,7 % aller weiblichen Neugeborenen und sind häufig mit Fehlbildungen der Harnorgane assoziiert. Zum Teil können genitale Fehlbildungen pränatal dargestellt werden oder zeigen sich im Neugeborenenalter. Meistens treten Beschwerden jedoch erst nach Eintritt in die Pubertät auf. Zu den Leitsymptomen weiblicher genitaler Fehlbildungen gehören die primäre Amenorrhö, zyklische Unterbauchschmerzen und Kohabitationsprobleme.In diesem Artikel werden drei Fehlbildungen bzw. Fehlbildungssyndrome näher erläutert. Bei der Hymenalatresie ist das Hymen komplett verschlossen, daraus resultiert bei Einsetzen der Periodenblutung eine schmerzhafte Ansammlung von Blut in Vagina und Uterus. Unter dem Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich-Syndrom (HWWS) versteht man die Doppelanlage aus Uterus und Vagina mit Verschluss einer Hemivagina und ipsilateraler Nierenagenesie oder -anomalie. Je nach Lage der verschließenden Membran innerhalb der Hemivagina kann es zu unterschiedlicher Symptomatik kommen. Das Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH)-Syndrom ist durch eine Aplasie der kranialen ⅔ der Vagina, der Zervix und des Uterus gekennzeichnet. Eine Schwangerschaft ist nicht möglich. Ziel der Therapie ist, den Frauen ein normales Sexualleben zu ermöglichen.Jugendliche mit genitalen Fehlbildungen sollten in einem multidisziplinären Team aus medizinischen und psychosozialen Fachbereichen betreut werden.