bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis for Comparing the Effects of Febuxostat and Allopurinol on Kidney Function in Hyperuricemia Patients Complicated with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Kai , Zhou Su-ya , Qiao Zi-xuan , Bao Xiao-rong 
Published: December 2023

Background. This study was designed to assess the effects of febuxostat on the uric acid level and kidney function of hyperuricemia (HUA) patients complicated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. A computer-based search was conducted on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from the inception of the databases to April 2023 to identify clinical randomized controlled trials on HUA and CKD, with comparisons between febuxostat and allopurinol as variables of interest. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata v17.0. Results. Eighteen studies were included in this meta-analysis, encompassing a total of 1877 patients. These patients were segregated into a control group (treated with allopurinol or placebo) consisting of 1039 individuals and an experimental group (treated with febuxostat alone or a combination of febuxostat with other therapies) comprising 838 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that patients in the experimental group, treated with febuxostat, exhibited a significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than those in the control group treated with allopurinol (weighted mean difference (WMD): 2.897, 95% CI: 1.336 to 4.458,

P

< 0.001). In addition, the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower levels of serum creatinine (WMD: −17.810, 95% CI: −24.147 to −11.474,

P

< 0.001), serum uric acid (WMD: −91.891, 95% CI: −117.609 to −66.173,

P

< 0.001), and blood urea nitrogen (WMD: −1.284, 95% CI: −1.837 to −0.731,

P

< 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in 24-hour urinary protein quantity (WMD: −0.198, 95% CI: −0.413 to 0.016,

P

= 0.070) between the two groups. Conclusion. These findings suggest that febuxostat may offer a more beneficial therapeutic option for managing CKD in hyperuricemic patients. However, the observed heterogeneity and the limited diversity of the study population warrant cautious interpretation of these results.
M9657 Is a Bispecific Tumor-Targeted Anti-CD137 Agonist That Induces MSLN-Dependent Antitumor Immunity without Liver Inflammation
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Zhou Xueyuan , Webb Lindsay , Yalavarthi Sireesha , Zheng Wenxin , Saha Somdutta , Schweickhardt Rene , Soloviev Maria , Jenkins Molly H. , Brandstetter Susanne , Belousova Natalya , Alimzhanov Marat , Rabinovich Brian , Deshpande Amit M. , Brewis Neil , Helming Laura 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The costimulatory receptor CD137 (also known as TNFRSF9 or 4-1BB) sustains effective cytotoxic T-cell responses. Agonistic anti-CD137 cancer immunotherapies are being investigated in clinical trials. Development of the first-generation CD137-agonist monotherapies utomilumab and urelumab was unsuccessful due to low antitumor efficacy mediated by the epitope recognized on CD137 or hepatotoxicity mediated by Fcγ receptors (FcγR) ligand–dependent CD137 activation, respectively. M9657 was engineered as a tetravalent bispecific antibody (mAb2) in a human IgG1 backbone with LALA mutations to reduce binding to FCγRs. Here, we report that M9657 selectively binds to mesothelin (MSLN) and CD137 with similar affinity in humans and cynomolgus monkeys. In a cellular functional assay, M9657 enhanced CD8+ T cell–mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release in the presence of tumor cells, which was dependent on both MSLN expression and T-cell receptor/CD3 activation. Both FS122m, a murine surrogate with the same protein structure as M9657, and chimeric M9657, a modified M9657 antibody with the Fab portion replaced with an anti-murine MSLN motif, demonstrated in vivo antitumor efficacy against various tumors in wild-type and human CD137 knock-in mice, and this was accompanied by activated CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. The antitumor immunity of M9657 and FS122m depended on MSLN expression density and the mAb2 structure. Compared with 3H3, a murine surrogate of urelumab, FS122m and chimeric M9657 displayed significantly lower on-target/off-tumor toxicity. Taken together, M9657 exhibits a promising profile for development as a tumor-targeting immune agonist with potent anticancer activity without systemic immune activation and associated hepatotoxicity.
Ageing and the gut-brain axis: lessons from the Drosophila model
Authors: Tan F.H.P. , Shamsuddin S. , Zainuddin A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The steady decline of physiological function and increased vulnerability to age-related disorders are two features of the complicated biological process of ageing. As a key organ for nutrient absorption, metabolism, and immunological regulation, the gut plays a major part in the ageing process. Drosophila melanogaster, a well-established model organism, has emerged as a significant tool for exploring the intricate rapport between the gut and ageing. Through the use of Drosophila models, the physiological and molecular elements of the gut-brain axis have been thoroughly explored. These models have also provided insights into the mechanisms by which gut health impacts ageing and age-related illnesses. Drosophila’s gut microbiota experience dysbiosis with age which has been linked to age-related diseases. To prevent this and promote healthy ageing in Drosophila, gut microbiota modification methods, such as dietary restriction in tandem with time-restricted feeding, administration of pro-, pre- and synbiotics, as well as pharmaceutical interventions have been generated with positive impacts. The article also covers the drawbacks and difficulties of investigating the gut via the Drosophila. Thus, with an emphasis on the lessons discovered from Drosophila research, this review provides an extensive description of the current studies on the role of the gut-brain axis in ageing and health.
Application of a Simple Diffusivity Formulation to Examine Regime Transition and Jet–Eddy Energy Partitioning in Quasi-Geostrophic Turbulence
Authors: Chen Shih-Nan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study uses a simple diffusivity formulation to examine flow regime transition and jet–eddy energy partitioning in two-layer quasigeostrophic turbulence. Guided by simulations, the formulation is empirically constructed so that the diffusivity is bounded by a f-plane asymptote (Df) in the limit of vanishing β (termed drag-controlled) while reduced to a drag-independent scaling (Dβ) of Lapeyre and Held toward large β (termed β-controlled). Good agreement is found for diffusivities diagnosed from simulations with both quadratic and linear drag and in 2D turbulence. From the formulation, a regime diagram is readily constructed, with Df/Dβ = 1 separating the drag-controlled and β-controlled regimes. The diagram also sets the parameter range where an eddy velocity scaling is applicable. The quantitative representations of eddy variables then enable a reasonably skillful theory for zonal jet speed to be developed from energy balance. It is shown that, using Df/Dβ ≥ 10, a state where eddy statistics are approximately drag insensitive could be identified and interpreted using wave-damping competitions in slowing an inverse cascade. However, contrary to an existing hypothesis, the energy dissipation in such a state is not dominated by zonal jets. A modest revision for a way to maintain balance while keeping eddies drag insensitive is proposed. In the regime diagram, a subspace of zonostrophic condition, defined as jet dissipation surpassing eddy, is further quantified. It is demonstrated that a rough scaling could help interpret how the relative importance of jet and eddy dissipation varies across the parameter space.
Auraptene Alleviates Paclitaxel-induced Neuropathy in Mice
Authors: Cong Zihong , Wang Jun , Hashemzaei Mahmoud , Xu Suiyun 
Published: December 2023

Background Paclitaxel administration causes peripheral neuropathy. Auraptene is a natural bioactive monoterpene with anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic effects that is widely used. Objectives We aimed to study auraptene effects on paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Materials and Methods This study was comprised of two steps of evaluation of the preventive and treatment effects of auraptene in mice. In the first step, mice were randomly allocated into three groups of six animals, including the negative control (NEG CTL): animals injected with paclitaxel (PTX) together with normal saline, PTX (paclitaxel 2 mg/kg given on days 1, 3, 5, and 7), and PREVENTION: PTX + auraptene 100 mg/kg on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. In the second step, animals were allocated into six groups of six: NEG CTL (normal saline), PTX (paclitaxel 10 mg/kg given on days 1, 3, 5, and 7), PTX AUR (PTX + auraptene 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg), and a positive control (PTX-treated animals receiving imipramine 10 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal injection of PTX 2 mg/kg on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 was used in order to induce neuropathy. In both steps of the study, a hot plate test was done on day 7 in order to determine the response to heat. After the scarification of animals, the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in the sciatic nerve was assessed by western blotting. Results In the preventive group, auraptene could reduce hyperalgesia significantly. In the treatment step, the AUR 100 mg/kg compared to NEG CTL groups had significantly increased heat latency. The expression of IL-6 protein in the sciatic nerve was remarkably decreased in both the preventive and treatment groups compared to NEG CTL. Conclusion Taken together, our results confirmed that AUR could decrease paclitaxel-induced hyperalgesia in mice and IL-6 protein content in sciatic nerve samples.
Pan fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor associated retinopathy
Authors: Paris Arianna , Bodaghi Bahram , Touhami Sara 
Published: December 2023

Purpose To report a case of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitor (FGFRi) associated retinopathy in a patient treated with Erdafitinib. Case report A patient with a history of non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma treated with Erdafitinib developed symptomatic unifocal bilateral serous retinal detachments (SRD) eight weeks after starting this new treatment. Six months after discontinuing the drug, the SRDs resolved and visual acuity recovered to baseline. However, hyper and hypo auto fluorescent lesions were still visible on fundus autofluorescence, suggesting a still ongoing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) impairment. Conclusions Cancer treatments using FGFRi are showing promising results but their ocular toxicity is not well reported nor fully understood. Oncologists should be aware of the potential risks associated with FGFRi and involve ophthalmologists for the follow-up of their patients. The toxicity of FGFRi seems to resolve after drug continuation, but a certain degree of infra clinical RPE impairment may persist. Longer term follow-ups are warranted to further understand the effects of FGFRi on the RPE.
Salvage treatment of forearm arteriovenous fistula with small caliber inflow distal artery by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Authors: Lee Eunghyun , Ban Tae Hyun , Chung Byung Ha , Shin Seok Joon , Choi Bum Soon , Kim Byung Soo , Park Cheol Whee , Yang Chul Woo , Park Hoon Suk 
Published: December 2023

Background: Dysfunctional distal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) with small caliber distal inflow arteries theoretically require percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) throughout the entire arterial length. However, in clinical practice, whole distal inflow arterial PTA is not frequently performed due to concerns about possible arterial rupture. Therefore, we investigated the safety and efficacy of this procedure at our center, comparing it with the standard venous PTA. Methods: From March 2017 to December 2022, 48 cases of distal AVF salvaged by whole distal inflow arterial PTA were assigned into a treatment group and 121 cases of distal AVF salvaged by venous standard PTA not involving the whole inflow artery were assigned into a control group. These two groups were then compared. Results: Those in the treatment group (who received whole distal inflow arterial PTA) were older than those in the control group (mean age, 69 vs 59 years, p < 0.001). Otherwise, differences between the two groups were unremarkable. After the salvage treatment, primary patency seemed to decrease in the treatment group with whole distal inflow arterial PTA compared to the control group with conventional PTA, although such decrease was not significant ( p = 0.072). However, primary assisted patency and secondary patency were comparable between the two groups ( p = 0.350 and p = 0.590, respectively). And in the treatment group, only one arterial dissection occurred, which was successfully managed with balloon tamponade so that no distal AVF was abandoned due to complications following whole distal inflow arterial PTA. Conclusion: Whole distal inflow arterial PTA is an effective and safe option for distal AVF salvage with a narrowed inflow artery, frequently refractory to conventional venous PTA.
A multicenter pilot study evaluating simplified central vein assessment for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Daboul Lynn , O’Donnell Carly M , Amin Moein , Rodrigues Paulo , Derbyshire John , Azevedo Christina , Bar-Or Amit , Caverzasi Eduardo , Calabresi Peter A , Cree Bruce AC , Freeman Leorah , Henry Roland G , Longbrake Erin E , Oh Jiwon , Papinutto Nico , Pelletier Daniel , Prchkovska Vesna , Raza Praneeta , Ramos Marc , Samudralwar Rohini D , Schindler Matthew K , Sotirchos Elias S , Sicotte Nancy L , Solomon Andrew J , Shinohara Russell T , Reich Daniel S , Sati Pascal , Ontaneda Daniel 
Published: December 2023

Background: The central vein sign (CVS) is a proposed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS); the optimal method for abbreviated CVS scoring is not yet established. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a simplified approach to CVS assessment in a multicenter study of patients being evaluated for suspected MS. Methods: Adults referred for possible MS to 10 sites were recruited. A post-Gd 3D T2*-weighted MRI sequence (FLAIR*) was obtained in each subject. Trained raters at each site identified up to six CVS-positive lesions per FLAIR* scan. Diagnostic performance of CVS was evaluated for a diagnosis of MS which had been confirmed using the 2017 McDonald criteria at thresholds including three positive lesions (Select-3*) and six positive lesions (Select-6*). Inter-rater reliability assessments were performed. Results: Overall, 78 participants were analyzed; 37 (47%) were diagnosed with MS, and 41 (53%) were not. The mean age of participants was 45 (range: 19–64) years, and most were female ( n = 55, 71%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the simplified counting method was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73–0.93). Select-3* and Select-6* had sensitivity of 81% and 65% and specificity of 68% and 98%, respectively. Inter-rater agreement was 78% for Select-3* and 83% for Select-6*. Conclusion: A simplified method for CVS assessment in patients referred for suspected MS demonstrated good diagnostic performance and inter-rater agreement.
Entropy controlled reaction of piperidine with isatin derivatives in 80% aqueous methanol
Authors: El-Rahman Mohamed A , Ibrahim Mahmoud F , Fathalla Magda F , El-Sadany Samir K , Hamed Ezzat A , Omar Alaa Z 
Published: December 2023

The reactions of 5- and 7-substituted isatin derivatives (H, Me, Cl, Br) with piperidine in 80% aqueous methanol gave the corresponding 1-(2’-amino-5’- or 3’- substituted phenyl)-2-(piperidin-1-yl) ethane-1,2-dione derivatives. The reaction is proceeded through nucleophilic attack on C-2 followed by ring opening process. The reaction showed a second order and the isokinetic temperature is 169 K indicating that the reaction is entropy controlled. The constant ∆G# value, the linear plot of ∆H# versus ∆S#, plot of log kN values at high temperature versus those at low temperatures indicated that a unified mechanism of the reactions for all substituents. The σo-Taft's constants are linearly correlated with log kN values and the ρ values are (2.01–1.86) pointing out that inductive effect of substituent is predominant and the rate-limiting is the breakdown of the tetrahedral intermediate T− and the ring opening is catalyzed by water.
Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes After Proximal Tibia Anterior Closing-Wedge Osteotomy With ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Itthipanichpong Thun , Uppstrom Tyler J. , V. Menta Samarth , Ranawat Anil S. 
Published: December 2023

Background: While increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) is an important risk factor for failure after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, controversy exists regarding indications and outcomes of proximal tibia anterior closing-wedge osteotomy (ACWO) with concomitant ACL reconstruction in patients with ACL tears. Purpose: To assess clinical outcomes after combined ACL reconstruction and proximal tibia ACWO. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the existing literature on ACWO and ACL reconstruction using PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase. The search phrases included “anterior closing wedge osteotomy,”“anterior closing wedge tibial osteotomy,”“anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy,”“anterior cruciate ligament,” and “revision anterior cruciate ligament.” Non-English publications and single-patient case reports were excluded. Extracted data included study details, patient demographics, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, complications, and return-to-sport (RTS) rates. Results: A total of 6 studies with 110 patients (110 knees) were included. Two-stage ACWO and ACL reconstruction was reported in 2 studies of 78 patients (71%), while a single-stage technique was reported in 4 studies of 32 patients (29%). ACWO was performed in the setting of primary ACL tear in 23 patients (21%) and in recurrent ACL tear in 87 patients (79%). Patients demonstrated postoperative improvements in Lysholm, pivot-shift test, and side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation. After ACWO, all studies reported mean postoperative PTS of <10° (range, 4.4°-9.2°). Of patients with available RTS data (n = 43), the same-level RTS rate ranged from 65% to 100%. A two-stage procedure reported in 1 study had a lower RTS rate (n = 13 of 20 [65%]) than that of 2 studies with single-stage procedure (n = 4 of 5 [80%] and n = 18 of 18 [100%]). The overall complication rate was 0.9% to 1.3%, and there were no reported ACL retears. Conclusion: The current evidence, which is constrained by the quantity and quality of studies, showed that ACWO with single- or two-stage ACL reconstruction in patients with ACL insufficiency and increased PTS was associated with significant improvements in PROs and high RTS rates.
Place of origin, education, and the career development plights of the suburban migrant workers in Zhejiang manufacturing industry
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Zhou Jia 
Published: December 2023

China’s rapid urbanization over the past three decades has created a multifaceted social-spatial dynamic on the urban fringe – urbanized suburbs, wherein an influx of migrants juxtaposed with an outflow of the local population. Against this background, the extant migrant studies in China mainly focus on rural and urban migration, yet suburban migrants are relatively underrepresented. Suburban migrants have roots in the built-up urban, and they designate rural residents who have been resettled during the urbanization process and subsequently moved into other cities to live and work. As the complexities of governmental schemes, their household registrations ( hukou) may or may not be changed from rural to urban during neighborhood redevelopment. In migrant studies that use rural-urban hukou as a dichotomous statistical classification, their socio-demographic characteristics as a sample group are hard to capture. This paper examines the career development of suburban migrants in the manufacturing industry in Zhejiang China, where migrant workers are concentrated. It compares the career development of migrant workers from rural, suburban, and urban areas on four dimensions – unemployment risk, occupational skill level, income level, and occupational position. The study of 553 intra-provincial migrant workers finds that suburban migrants encountered comparable challenges in their career development as rural migrants did. Furthermore, the level of education attained by individuals has a noteworthy mediating effect, contributing to the disparities observed across urban, suburban, and rural groups. The gap in career development between suburban migrants and their urban counterparts – even in Zhejiang, a province with the smallest economic gap between urban and rural development in China and was relatively less impacted by the epidemic outbreak – is still significant. This research aims to enrich scholarly dialogues surrounding the field of migrant studies and the intricate socio-spatial dynamics prevalent within Chinese suburban areas.
Complexity in the Au–Ag–Hg system: New information from a PGE (‘osmiridium’) concentrate at Waratah Bay, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Birch William D. , Ma Chi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAu–Hg–Ag phases have been described from a variety of metallogenic orebodies and the placer deposits derived from them. In many documented placer deposits, the phases typically occur intergrown as ‘secondary’ rims to primary Au–Ag grains. The origin of these rims has been ascribed to supergene redistribution reactions during deposition or to the effects of amalgamation (i.e. use of mercury) during mining for gold. Difficulties in determining compositions and crystal structures on such a small scale have made full characterisation of these phases problematic. This paper describes a new occurrence of these phases, found by accident during investigation of a historical concentrate of ‘osmiridium’ containing a number of gold grains from beach sands at Waratah Bay, in southern Victoria, Australia. The phases occur as rims to gold grains and are intergrown on a scale of tens of micrometres or less. Application of electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) and limited electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) was required to characterise them. These techniques revealed the presence of the approved mineral weishanite (Au–Hg–Ag) and a phase with compositional range Au2Hg–Au3Hg surrounding primary Au–Ag (electrum) containing trace amounts of Hg. EBSD analysis showed weishanite is hexagonal P63/mmc and Au2Hg to be hexagonal P63/mcm. Comparison with published data from other localities (Philippines, British Columbia and New Zealand) suggests weishanite has a wide compositional field. Textures shown by these phases are difficult to interpret, as they might form by either supergene processes or by reaction with anthropogenic mercury used during mining. However, in the absence of any historical evidence for the use of mercury for gold mining at Waratah Bay, we consider the formation of the Au–Hg phases is most probably due to supergene alteration of primary Au–Ag alloy containing small amounts of Hg. In addition to revealing some of the reaction sequences in the development of these secondary Au–Hg–Ag rims, this paper illustrates methods by which these phases can be more fully characterised and thereby better correlated with the Au–Hg synthetic system.