bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of glucose (GLUT) and glycerol (GLP) transporters in symbiotic and bleached Cassiopea xamachana (Bigelow, 1892) jellyfish
Authors: Carabantes Natalia , Grosso-Becerra María Victoria , Thomé Patricia E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCassiopea xamachana is a tropical medusa that lives in symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae, serving as a model organism for symbiotic studies. The symbiosis is necessary for this medusa to complete its life cycle. The symbiotic partners maintain a metabolic exchange of organic molecules that constitute an important source of energy for the animal host, with free organic molecules, like glucose and glycerol, being the primary source. This molecular exchange can be facilitated by cellular internal membrane transport proteins, such as Glucose membrane transporters (GLUTs) and Glycerol transport-like aquaglyceroporins (GLP-like), probably located at the symbiosomal interface. The present study was conducted in October 2021, evaluating the expression of transporter coding genes GLUT3, GLUT8, and GLP9 (two genes) by qPCR under conditions of symbiosis and after the loss of symbionts. Symbiotic medusae donated from Xcaret Park, Mexico (20° 34′ 24.59″ N; -87° 07′ 5.40″ W) were sampled and compared to medusae with an experimental decrease of algal symbionts. In agreement with glucose being an important mobile molecule, our results showed higher transcription levels for glucose transporters GLUT3 and GLUT8 in control compared to bleached medusae. By contrast, bleached medusae showed a higher expression of aquaglyceroporin transporters GLP9-1 and GLP9-2, probably associated with glycerol production after lipid catabolism, to compensate for lower organic carbon levels due to the loss of symbionts. Our results highlight the importance of free carbon molecules transported from symbiont to host and agree with glucose being an energy fuel for this symbiotic association.
Testacosides A–D, glycoglycerolipids produced by Microbacterium testaceum isolated from Tedania brasiliensis
Authors: Quintana-Bulla Jairo I. , Tonon Luciane A. C. , Michaliski Lamonielli F. , Hajdu Eduardo , Ferreira Antonio G. , Berlinck Roberto G. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Marine bacteria living in association with marine sponges have proven to be a reliable source of biologically active secondary metabolites. However, no studies have yet reported natural products from Microbacterium testaceum spp. We herein report the isolation of a M. testaceum strain from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis. Molecular networking analysis of bioactive pre-fractionated extracts from culture media of M. testaceum enabled the discovery of testacosides A–D. Analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatizations allowed the identification of testacosides A–D as glycoglycerolipids bearing a 1-[α-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol moiety connected to 12-methyltetradecanoic acid for testacoside A (1), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid for testacoside B (2), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid for testacosides C (3) and D (4). The absolute configuration of the monosaccharide residues was determined by 1H-NMR analysis of the respective diastereomeric thiazolidine derivatives. This is the first report of natural products isolated from cultures of M. testaceum.

Key points
• The first report of metabolites produced by Microbacterium testaceum.
• 1-[α-Glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-(α-mannopyranosyl)]-glycerol lipids isolated and identified.
• Microbacterium testaceum strain isolated from the sponge Tedania brasiliensis.

Graphical abstract
Cardiac effects of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE
Authors: Esdar Nicole , Pawlik Evelyn , Eickhoff Simon B. , Raupach Annika , Ritz-Timme Stefanie , Mayer Felix 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids become increasingly popular as a supposedly safe and legal alternative to cannabis. In order to circumvent the German New Psychoactive Substances Law, producers of so-called herbal mixtures rapidly design new substances with structural alterations that are not covered by the law. Acting as full agonists not only at the cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, synthetic cannabinoids might have not only desired mental but also serious physical adverse effects. However, knowledge of adverse effects of specific substances is sparse and incomplete. This also accounts for 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE, a synthetic cannabinoid, which has been detected regularly in Germany in recent years. By using an animal model, the isolated perfused Langendorff heart, the study at hand aimed on finding out more about possible cardiovascular adverse effects of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE. Hearts of male Wistar rats, which were excised postmortem, were exposed to two different concentrations of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE: 13 hearts were exposed to 50 ng/ml and 12 hearts were exposed to 100 ng/ml. Thirteen control hearts were merely exposed to an additional amount of buffer solution. Functional parameters heart rate, minimal and maximum left ventricular pressure and coronary flow were documented at pre-defined time points during and after the administration of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE/additional buffer solution. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were documented throughout the experiments and evaluated afterwards. Kruskal–Wallis analysis was performed for each functional parameter as well as for the duration of the QRS complexes and the duration of RR intervals as derived from the ECGs. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis, comprising all functional and ECG parameters, was performed. Kruskal–Wallis analysis revealed only single significant p-values for QRS duration and minimum left ventricular pressure that did not pass a Bonferroni test. The results of the multivariate approach were also comparably homogeneous, but still the model correctly recognized hearts exposed to 100 ng/ml of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE more often than hearts exposed to the low concentration of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE or additional buffer solution. Evaluation of the ECGs presented single cases of ST depression and QT prolongation. Though certainly not unambiguous, these findings support the assumption that 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE can cause severe, if not lethal, cardiac adverse effects like arrhythmias or myocardial infarctions especially if it is consumed in combination with other drugs like alcohol or if the consumer suffers from pre-existing heart diseases.
Measurement of the retinal venous pressure with a new instrument in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Stodtmeister Richard , Menzel Aline , Klimova Anna , Herber Robert , Pillunat Karin. R. , Pillunat Lutz E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the results of retinal venous pressure (RVP) measurement performed with contact lens dynamometry (CLD) and with the new IOPstim.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we included 36 patients with primary open angle glaucoma with a median age (Q25; Q75) of 74 (64; 77) years (m/f = 18/18), baseline intraocular pressure (IOP): 13.9 (12.2; 15.1) mmHg. Median mean defect: − 5.8 (− 11.9; − 2.6) db. Principle of the IOPstim: an empty balloon with a diameter of 8 mm is positioned on the eye, laterally of the limbus. Under observation of the central retinal vein (CRV), the examiner inflates the balloon. As soon as the CRV starts pulsation, the inflation is stopped and the IOP is measured, equaling the RVP at this moment. In the CLD, the pulsation of the CRV is observed with a contact lens. The RVP is calculated from the attachment force applied when pulsation appears.

Course of examinations
Three single measurements of RVP in quick succession with both methods. The sequence of the two methods was randomized. The means of the three RVP measurements were compared.

Results
Pressures in mmHg. RVP: IOPstim: 19.4 ± 5.4 (mean ± SD), CLD: 20.3 ± 5.9. Range of three single measurements: IOPstim: 2.9 ± 1.5, CLD: 2.2 ± 1.1. The differences were RVPIOPstim − RVPCLD =  − 0.94 ± 1.15, and approximately normally distributed. Bland–Altman analysis: only one data point was 0.5 mmHg higher than the upper line of agreement. The confidence interval of this line was 0.65 mmHg. Concordance correlation coefficient according to Lin (CCC): 0.96. Intraclass correlation coefficient: both methods, 0.94.

Conclusion
In both methods, the range of the single measurements may be taken as a sign of good reliability, the CCC of 0.96 as a sign of a very good agreement. At the mean, the IOPstim RVP values were 1 mmHg lower than those obtained with the CLD. This difference may be due to the different directions of the prevailing force vectors induced by the instruments. The IOPstim seems applicable in glaucoma diagnostics.
Enhanced PAPR reduction in DCO-OFDM using multi-point constellations and DPSO optimization
Authors: Aydin Volkan , Hacioglu Gokce 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) is a commonly used method of OFDM in visible light communication (VLC). Unfortunately, VLC systems that use OFDM often experience a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). To address this issue, this study proposes a novel method called the multi-point constellation method (MPC) to reduce PAPR in DCO-OFDM. The MPC method involves adding extra alternative constellation points around the existing points and using the discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm to select the constellation points with the lowest PAPR. The proposed MPC method is also combined with selective mapping (SLM), a well-known PAPR reduction technique in the literature. Simulation results show that the proposed MPC method outperforms the SLM method in reducing PAPR in 4-QAM and 16-QAM modulations when used in combination with SLM. Furthermore, increasing the number of iterations and particles in the DPSO algorithm improves the PAPR reduction performance of the proposed method even further.
Content analysis of patient support groups related to myositis on Facebook
Authors: Afsar Aiman Perween , Ghosh Shounak , Titus Renil Sinu , Cheng Karen , Kanawala Arundati A. , Kerkhof Peter , Day Jessica , Gupta Latika 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are heterogeneous and complex, and routine consultation can be overwhelming for patients, or sometimes so rushed that patients feel unable to discuss their needs and wishes adequately. As a result, online patient support groups (PSGs) on social media platforms like Facebook may help provide them with information they are seeking, and the support of the patient community who are living with this condition. Our goal is to explore the current landscape of PSGs in IIM to discuss the future of such groups and their role in supporting patient-driven self-management of complex connective tissue diseases.

Methods
We investigated factors that influence engagement in publicly accessible support groups on Facebook for patients with myositis. We analysed posts from myositis-related Facebook groups and pages between July 10, 2022, and October 2022. Data were extracted from each post, including presentation format (text, picture, video or mixed media) and content type (news, personal feelings or information). To gauge the post’s impact, we measured engagement metrics, such as likes, comments, shares and reactions.

Results
Nearly three-quarters of the groups were private. Among the open ones, most posts seem to comprise pictures with text. Notably, engagement levels were higher for multimedia posts, with the exception of comments in groups, where engagement was comparatively lower.
In terms of content, the majority of posts fell under the ‘personal’ category, followed by ‘information’ and ‘news’ posts, with information posts in groups receiving the most interactions. Moreover, groups exhibited higher total engagement compared to pages when considering all posts cumulatively.

Conclusions
Our observations indicate that patients with myositis seek information on the condition online, and the multimedia nature of content presentation significantly influences engagement. These digital forums serve as valuable platforms for fostering connections among diverse individuals, providing a perceived safe space for sharing their personal experiences and varied perspectives, and potentially mitigating social isolation.

Key Points• Patient support groups on myositis are a key source of support and information for patients.• Public posts with multimedia content garner the most engagement.• The majority of posts are personal in nature, with a smaller proportion of content providing news or information.
STEAM-SASHA: a novel approach for blood- and fat-suppressed native T1 measurement in the right ventricular myocardium
Authors: Roehl Malte , Conway Miriam , Ghonim Sarah , Ferreira Pedro F. , Nielles-Vallespin Sonia , Babu-Narayan Sonya V. , Pennell Dudley J. , Gatehouse Peter D. , Scott Andrew D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
The excellent blood and fat suppression of stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) can be combined with saturation recovery single-shot acquisition (SASHA) in a novel STEAM-SASHA sequence for right ventricular (RV) native T1 mapping.

Materials and methods
STEAM-SASHA splits magnetization preparation over two cardiac cycles, nulling blood signal and allowing fat signal to decay. Breath-hold T1 mapping was performed in a T1 phantom and twice in 10 volunteers using STEAM-SASHA and a modified Look-Locker sequence at peak systole at 3T. T1 was measured in 3 RV regions, the septum and left ventricle (LV).

Results
In phantoms, MOLLI under-estimated while STEAM-SASHA over-estimated T1, on average by 3.0% and 7.0% respectively, although at typical 3T myocardial T1 (T1 > 1200 ms) STEAM-SASHA was more accurate. In volunteers, T1 was higher using STEAM-SASHA than MOLLI in the LV and septum (p = 0.03, p = 0.006, respectively), but lower in RV regions (p > 0.05). Inter-study, inter-observer and intra-observer coefficients of variation in all regions were < 15%. Blood suppression was excellent with STEAM-SASHA and noise floor effects were minimal.

Discussion
STEAM-SASHA provides accurate and reproducible T1 in the RV with excellent blood and fat suppression. STEAM-SASHA has potential to provide new insights into pathological changes in the RV in future studies.
Terrestrial laser scanning vs. manual methods for assessing complex forest stand structure: a comparative analysis on plenter forests
Authors: Wardius Yannik , Hein Sebastian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn continuous cover forestry, plenter silviculture is regarded as an elaborated system for optimizing the sustainable production of high-quality timber maintaining a constant but heterogeneous canopy. Its complexity necessitates high silvicultural expertise and a detailed assessment of forest stand structural variables. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can offer reliable techniques for long-term tree mapping, volume calculation, and stand variables assessment in complex forest structures. We conducted surveys using both automated TLS and conventional manual methods (CMM) on two plots with contrasting silvicultural regimes within the Black Forest, Germany. Variations in automated tree detection and stand variables were greater between different TLS surveys than with CMM. TLS detected an average of 523 tree stems per hectare, while CMM counted 516. Approximately 9.6% of trees identified with TLS were commission errors, with 6.5% of CMM trees being omitted using TLS. Basal area per hectare was slightly higher in TLS (38.9 m3) than in CMM (38.2 m3). However, CMM recorded a greater standing volume (492.7 m3) than TLS (440.5 m3). The discrepancy in stand volume between methods was primarily due to TLS underestimating tree height, especially for taller trees. DBH bias was minor at 1 cm between methods. Repeated TLS inventories successfully matched an average of 424 tree positions per hectare. While TLS adequately characterizes complex plenter forest structures, we propose enhancing this methodology with personal laser scanning to optimize crown coverage and efficiency and direct volume measurements for increased accuracy of wood volume estimations. Additionally, utilizing 3D point cloud data-derived metrics, such as structural complexity indices, can further enhance plenter forest management.
Covid-19 vaccination intentions and uptake pre- and post-vaccine availability: a cross-sectional comparison of theory of planned behavior, anticipated regret, and optimistic bias
Authors: Wolff Katharina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aim
Vaccination hesitancy threatens herd immunity and reduces the chances of overcoming pandemics such as the recent Covid-19 pandemic. The present investigation looked at psychological predictors of Covid-19 vaccination intention and vaccination uptake.

Subject and methods
Two representative Norwegian samples (collected in 2020, N = 1003, and 2022, N = 1000) filled in online questionnaires assessing variables of the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control) as well as optimistic bias and anticipated regret.

Results
Results showed that these variables could explain 69% of the variance in vaccination intentions and 41% of the variance in vaccination uptake. Significant predictors in both samples include attitudes, social norms within the family, perceived behavioral capability, and higher anticipated regret for not getting vaccinated. Intentions were also predicted by lower anticipated regret for getting vaccinated, and vaccination uptake was additionally predicted by older age and lower perceived behavioral autonomy. Optimistic bias did not predict intentions to get vaccinated or vaccination uptake.

Conclusion
Interventions designed to increase vaccination uptake should focus on attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control, anticipated regret, and possibly altruistic motivations.
Cryogenic Fiber-coupled Electro-optic Characterization Platform for High-speed Photodiodes
Authors: Priyadarshi Shekhar , Tian Hao , Fernandez Scarioni Alexander , Wolter Silke , Kieler Oliver , Kohlmann Johannes , Nissilä Jaani , Bieler Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe have developed a cryogenic characterization platform for ultrafast photodiodes, whose time domain responses are extracted by electro-optic sampling using femtosecond laser pulses in a pump-probe configuration. The excitation of the photodiodes with the pump beam and the electro-optic sampling crystals with the probe beam are realized in a fully fiber-coupled manner. This allows us to use the characterization platform at different temperatures, ranging from cryogenic to room temperature. As an application example, we characterize the time-domain response of commercial p-i-n photodiodes with a nominal bandwidth of 20 GHz and 60 GHz at temperatures of 4 K and 300 K and in a large parameter range of photocurrent and reverse bias. For these photodiodes, we detect frequency components up to approximately 250 GHz, while the theoretical bandwidth of our sampling method exceeds 1 THz. Our measurements demonstrate a significant excitation power and temperature dependence of the photodiodes’ ultrafast time responses, reflecting, most likely, changes in carrier mobilities and electric field screening. Since our system is an ideal tool to characterize and optimize the response of fast photodiodes at cryogenic temperatures, it has a direct impact on applications in superconducting quantum technology such as the enhancement of optical links to superconducting qubits and quantum-accurate waveform generators.
Comparing the teaching quality of alternatively certified teachers and traditionally certified teachers: findings from a large-scale study
Authors: Lucksnat Christin , Richter Eric , Henschel Sofie , Hoffmann Lars , Schipolowski Stefan , Richter Dirk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present study investigates whether alternatively and traditionally certified teachers differ in their teaching quality. We conducted doubly latent multilevel analysis using a large-scale dataset with student ratings on the quality of instruction provided by 1550 traditionally and 135 alternatively certified secondary school mathematics teachers in Germany. Findings show no evidence of differences in teaching quality between alternatively and traditionally certified teachers. Independent of the type of certification, novice teachers scored lower on classroom management than experienced teachers. Findings suggest that beginning teachers—whether alternatively or traditionally certified—need to be better prepared for classroom management before starting to teach.
Miscevic and the Stages Defence
Authors: Häggqvist Sören 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis contribution examines Miscevic’s defence against restrictionist X-phi, based on his view that thought experiments exhibit a large number of typical stages. On Miscevic’s view, the epistemic threats identified by proponents of the negative program in X-phi may be countered or ameliorated in various ways at various stages. I argue that the defence he offers is insufficient to counter the arguments by in particular Machery.
Growth speed of large brain metastases between diagnostic and radiosurgical planning MRI and predictors of rapid tumor growth
Authors: Takata Shoko , Kosen Kazuhisa , Matsumoto Akira , Tanabe Motoko , Itaya Takayoshi , Asayama Yoshiki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to assess volumetric changes of large brain metastases (≥ 2 cm) between their diagnosis and planning for treatment with fractionated stereotactic radiation surgery (fSRS). Predictors of rapid tumor growth were also analyzed.

Materials and methods
One hundred nine patients harboring 126 large brain metastases were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor characteristics were evaluated on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and MRI performed when planning fSRS (pMRI). Average tumor growth rate and percentage growth rate were calculated. Predictors of rapid growth (percentage growth rate > 5%) were determined using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Both tumor diameter and volume were significantly larger on pMRI than on dMRI (P < 0.001). Median tumor percentage growth rate was 2.6% (range, − 10.8–43.3%). Eighty-eight tumors (70%) were slow-growing (percentage growth rate < 5%) and 38 (30%) grew rapidly (percentage growth rate ≥ 5%). Major peritumoral edema and no steroids were predictors of rapid tumor growth.

Conclusion
Large brain metastases can grow considerably between the time of diagnosis and the time of fSRS treatment planning. We recommend the time between dMRI and fSRS treatment initiation be as short as possible.
Ethical dilemmas and professional judgment as a pathway to inclusion and equity in mathematics teaching
Authors: Roos Helena , Bagger Anette 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on ethical dilemmas that arise in moments of inclusion and equity in mathematics teaching and how they might be tackled through teachers’ professional judgment. Skovsmose’s inclusive landscapes of investigation approach was used to design the study and to collect teachers’ joint reflections on moments of inclusion and equity in their teaching. Ethical dilemmas and professional judgment were the analytical foci for a qualitative thematic content analysis. Three explorative workshops were held with two teams of teachers from two schools in Sweden. The analysis identified three themes of ethical dilemma, and ways in which these were responded to by teachers’ professional judgment: (1) dilemmas of diversity and acting justly; (2) dilemmas of resources and allocating them fairly; (3) dilemmas of values and recognising diversity. We conclude that mathematics teachers’ professional judgments involve showing bravery, going outside of the norm, negotiating values and duties, listening to the students, and throughout this, engaging in collegial learning in the best interests of the learner.