bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluate the Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (≤5 cm) and Recurrence Free Survival with Gadoxetate Disodium‐Enhanced MRI‐Based Habitat Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Yang Chun , Qian Xianling , Dai Yongming , Zeng Mengsu 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundTumors are heterogenous and consist of subregions, also known as tumoral habitats, each exhibiting varied biological characteristics. Each habitat corresponds to a cluster of tissue sharing similar structural, metabolic, or functional characteristics. The habitat imaging technique facilitates both the visualization and quantification of these tumoral habitats.PurposeTo evaluate the microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (≤5 cm) and assess the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) using gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI‐based habitat imaging.Study TypeRetrospective.Subjects180 patients (52.9 years ± 11.7, 156 men) with HCC.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted gradient‐echo sequence.AssessmentThe enhancement ratio of signal intensity at the arterial phase (AER) and hepatobiliary phase (HBPER) were calculated. The HCC lesions and their peritumoral tissues of 3, 5, and 7 mm were encoded into four habitats. The volume fraction of each habitat was then quantified. The diagnostic performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic analysis with 5‐fold cross‐validation. The RFS was evaluated with Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsHabitat 2 (with median to high AER and low HBPER) within the peritumoral tissue of 3 mm (f2‐P3) and tumor diameter could serve as independent risk factors for MVI and showed the statistical significance (odds ratio (OR) of f2‐P3 = 1.170, 95% CI = 1.099–1.246; OR of tumor diameter: 6.112, 95% CI = 2.162–17.280). A nomogram was developed by incorporating f2‐P3 and tumor diameter, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve from 5‐fold cross‐validation ranged from 0.880 to 1.000. Additionally, the nomogram model demonstrated high efficacy in risk stratification for RFS.ConclusionHabitat imaging of HCC and its peritumoral microenvironment has the potential for noninvasive and preoperative identification of MVI and prognostic assessment.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
The 1991–2020 sea surface temperature normals
Authors: Yin Xungang , Huang Boyin , Carton James A. , Chen Ligang , Graham Garrett , Liu Chunying , Smith Thomas , Zhang Huai‐Min 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe 1991–2020 climate normals for sea surface temperature (SST) are computed based on the NOAA Daily Optimum Interpolation SST dataset. This is the first time that high‐resolution SST normals with global coverage can be achieved in the satellite SST era. Normals are one of the fundamental parameters in describing and understanding weather and climate and provide decision‐making information to industry, public, and scientific communities. This product suite includes SST mean, standard deviation, count and extreme parameters at daily, monthly, seasonal and annual time scales on 0.25° spatial grids. The main feature of the SST mean state revealed by the normals is that in the Tropics, the Indo‐Pacific Ocean is dominated by the warm pool (SST ≥ 28°C) while the eastern Pacific is characterized by the cold tongue (SST ≤ 24°C); in the midlatitudes, SSTs are in zonal patterns with high meridional gradients. Daily SST standard deviations are generally small (<1.0°C) except in frontal zones (>1.5°C) mostly associated with ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio and Equatorial Currents. Compared to the 1982–2011 climatology, the 1991–2020 mean SSTs increased over most global areas but obvious cooling is seen in the Southern Ocean, eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic warming hole. The Indo‐Pacific warm pool (IPWP) is found to have strengthened in both intensity and coverage since 1982–2011. By a count parameter criterion of ≥300 days annually with SST ≥ 28°C, the IPWP coverage increased 33% from 1982–2011 to 1991–2020. The global mean SST of 1991–2020 is warmer than that of 1982–2011, and the warming rate over 1991–2020 doubles that over 1901–2020.
Safety and efficacy of linaclotide in children aged 7–17 years with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Di Lorenzo Carlo , Nurko Samuel , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Rodriguez‐Araujo Gerardo , Shakhnovich Valentina , Saps Miguel , Simon Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesLinaclotide, a guanylate cyclase‐C agonist, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of children 6–17 years old with functional constipation. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of various linaclotide doses in children 7–17 years old with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C).MethodsIn this 4‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, Phase 2 study, children with IBS‐C were randomized to once‐daily placebo or linaclotide (Dose A: 18 or 36 µg, B: 36 or 72 µg, and C: 72 µg or 145 µg, or 290 µg); those aged 7–11 years in a 1:1:1:1 allocation based on weight (18 to <35 kg:18 µg, 36 µg, or 72 µg; or ≥35 kg: 36 µg, 72 µg, or 145 µg), and those aged 12–17 years in a 1:1:1:1:1 allocation (the higher option of Doses A–C or 290 µg). The primary efficacy endpoint was a change from baseline in 4‐week overall spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) frequency rate over the treatment period. Adverse events and clinical laboratory measures were also assessed.ResultsEfficacy, safety, and tolerability were assessed in 101 patients. In the intent‐to‐treat population, numerical improvement was observed in overall SBM frequency rate with increasing linaclotide doses (A: 1.62, B: 1.52, and C: 2.30, 290 µg: 3.26) compared with placebo. The most reported treatment‐emergent adverse events were diarrhea and pain, with most cases being mild and none being severe.ConclusionsLinaclotide was tolerated well in this pediatric population, showing numerical improvement in SBM frequency compared with placebo.
Effects of rainfall, sediment source–sink landscape, and hydrological connectivity on runoff more than sediment in a karst basin
Authors: Gao Jiayong , Li Rui , Shu Dongcai , Wu Qinglin , Xiao Linlv , He Maolin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying soil and water loss in karst basins is beneficial for water resources management and soil and water loss conservation. However, the effects of rainfall, sediment source–sink landscape, and hydrological connectivity on runoff sediment characteristics in karst basins are unclear. This study used sediment source–sink landscape and hydrological connectivity theories and a generalized additive model to analyze the changes and combined effects of sediment source–sink landscape patterns, hydrological connectivity, and rainfall on runoff sediment from 2000 to 2020 in the Yeji River basin in the karst region of southwest China. The results indicated that the average sediment transport modulus and runoff modulus in the Yeji River basin during 2000–2020 were 144 t·km−2·a−1 and 15 L·s−1·km−2, respectively. The karst surface and subsurface double‐layer hydrological structure resulted in a lower sediment transport modulus than in non‐karst areas. The sediment‐source landscape area decreased, sediment‐sink landscape area increased, and sediment source–sink landscape load ratio index slightly increased. Hydrological connectivity exhibited a decreasing trend over time, but the overall change was small. Changes in source–sink landscape patterns significantly affected hydrological connectivity. As the main affecting factor, rainfall and its combined effects with sediment source–sink landscape patterns and hydrological connectivity explained 85% and 95% of the variances in runoff, and 40% and 63% of the variances in sediment, respectively. These results suggest that a rational layout of the sediment source–sink landscape can effectively improve hydrological connectivity and regulate the soil and water loss process. Our findings have important implications for karst basin ecological restoration and protection.
Peripheral Inflammatory and Immune Landscape in Multiple System Atrophy: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yuan Xinrong , Wan Linlin , Chen Zhao , Long Zhe , Chen Daji , Liu Panyan , Fu You , Zhu Sudan , Peng Linliu , Qiu Rong , Tang Beisha , Jiang Hong 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuroinflammation might contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple systemic atrophy (MSA). However, specific alterations in the peripheral inflammatory and immune profiles of patients with MSA remain unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the peripheral inflammatory and immune profiles of patients with MSA and their potential value as biomarkers for facilitating clinical diagnosis and monitoring disease severity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 235, 240, and 235 patients with MSA, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and healthy controls (HCs), respectively. Inflammatory and immune parameters were measured in peripheral blood, differences between groups were assessed, and clusters were analyzed. Associations between the parameters and clinical characteristics of MSA were assessed using Spearman and partial correlation analyses.ResultsSignificant differences were observed especially in monocytes, neutrophils‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophils‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MPV) between MSA patients and HCs (P < 0.01). Monocytes and uric acid (UA) levels were also significantly different between the MSA and PD patients (P < 0.05). The combination of NLR and MPV distinguished MSA‐P patients from HCs (areas under the curve = 0.824). In addition, complement components C4 and C3 were significantly correlated with the Scale Outcomes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms and Wexner scale, whereas immunoglobulin G (IgG) was significantly correlated with scores of Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn MSA patients, monocytes, NLR and MPV might serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers, whereas MLR, C3, C4, and IgG significantly correlate with disease severity. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Improved test–retest reliability of R2*$$ {\mathrm{R}}_2^{\ast } $$ and susceptibility quantification using multishot multi‐echo 3D EPI
Authors: Huang Yujia , Chen Lin , Li Xu , Liu Jiaen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the potential of 3D EPI for improving the reliability of ‐weighted data and quantification of decay rate and susceptibility (χ) compared with conventional gradient‐echo (GRE)‐based acquisition.MethodsEight healthy subjects in a wide age range were recruited. Each subject received repeated scans for both GRE and EPI acquisitions with an isotropic 1 mm resolution at 3 T. Maps of and χ were quantified, and their interscan differences were used to evaluate the test–retest reliability. Interprotocol differences of and χ between GRE and EPI were also measured voxel by voxel and in selected regions of interest to test the consistency between the two acquisition methods.ResultsThe quantifications of and χ using EPI protocols showed increased test–retest reliability with higher EPI factors up to 5 as performed in the experiment and were consistent with those based on GRE.ConclusionThe result suggests that multishot multi‐echo 3D EPI can be a useful alternative acquisition method for ‐weighted MRI and quantification of and χ with reduced scan time, improved test–retest reliability, and similar accuracy compared with commonly used 3D GRE.
The delta opioid receptor agonist KNT‐127 relieves innate anxiety‐like behavior in mice by suppressing transmission from the prelimbic cortex to basolateral amygdala
Authors: Kawaminami Ayako , Yamada Daisuke , Yoshioka Toshinori , Hatakeyama Azumi , Nishida Moeno , Kajino Keita , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Nagase Hiroshi , Saitoh Akiyoshi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimExcitatory projections from the prelimbic cortex (PL) to the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) are implicated in the regulation of anxiety‐like behaviors, and we previously demonstrated that anxiolytic‐like effects of the selective delta‐opioid receptor (DOP) agonist KNT‐127 is involved in suppressing glutamate neurotransmission in the PL. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic‐like effect of KNT‐127 in mice by combining optogenetic stimulation of the PL–BLA pathway with behavioral analyses.MethodsFour‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice received bilateral administration of adeno‐associated virus (AAV)2‐CaMKIIa‐hChR2(H134R)‐enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) into the PL to induce expression of the light‐activated excitatory ionic channel ChR2. Subsequently, an optic fiber cannula connected to a wireless photo‐stimulator was implanted into the BLA for optogenetic PL–BLA pathway stimulation. We evaluated innate anxiety using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests as well as learned anxiety using the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) test.ResultsOptogenetic activation of the PL–BLA pathway enhanced anxiety‐like behaviors in the EPM and OF, while prior subcutaneous administration of KNT‐127 (10 mg/kg) reduced this anxiogenic effect. In contrast, optogenetic activation of the PL–BLA pathway had no significant effect on conditioned fear.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the PL–BLA circuit contributes to innate anxiety and that the anxiolytic‐like effects of KNT‐127 are mediated at least in part by suppression of PL–BLA transmission. The PL delta‐opioid receptor may thus be an effective therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.
Weight history of individuals with and without physical disability in the International Weight Control Registry
Authors: Clina Julianne G. , Sayer R. Drew , Gorczyca Anna M. , Das Sai Krupa , Friedman James E. , Chui Tsz Kiu , Roberts Susan B. , Hill James O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with physical disabilities (PWD) have an increased risk of obesity and related comorbidities compared with people without physical disabilities (PWoD). Previously identified contributors to weight loss maintenance pose challenges to PWD. However, it is not known if PWD experience less success in weight management.MethodsSix hundred and nine participants in the International Weight Control Registry (IWCR) were eligible for this analysis (PWD, n = 174; PWoD, n = 435). Self‐reported weight history metrics were compared using general linear models. Perceived weight history category was compared using Chi‐squared tests. Importance of diet and physical activity strategies for weight management were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐signed tests.ResultsPWD reported higher current body mass index (BMI) (36.1 ± 0.7 vs. 31.0 ± 0.5; p < 0.0001) and more weight loss attempts (9.1 ± 0.7 vs. 7.1 ± 0.4; p = 0.01) than PWoD. Current weight loss percentage (PWD 13.0 ± 1.0; PWoD, 13.0 ± 0.6; p = 0.97) and weight loss category (χ2 [3, N = 609] = 2.9057, p = 0.41) did not differ between the groups. There were no differences in any weight strategy between PWD who were successful and those who regained.ConclusionsPWD and PWoD in the IWCR achieved similar levels of weight maintenance success. However, higher BMI and more weight loss attempts suggest that PWD may face challenges with weight management. More research is needed to identify strategies leading to success for PWD.
Interlayer growth of SiC nanowires in graphene aerogel for thermal conductivity enhancement of epoxy resin and its mechanism
Authors: Zhao Xintong , Wu Wei , Drummer Dietmar , Wang Yi , Liu Chao , Li Shuo , Lu Zijian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe chemical reduction method is a simple and popular way to contrast the graphene network to improve the polymer matrix's thermal conductivity. And hybrid thermal conductive fillers composed of two or more mixed fillers through chemical synthesis usually have better thermal conductivity because of the synergistic effort. In this work, silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWs) in graphene aerogels are synthesized with the chemical vapor deposition method, acting as bridges for phonon transmission between adjacent graphene sheets. The RGO/SiC NWs aerogel‐endowed EP composites have a high thermal conductivity of 3.79 W/mK at a filler loading of 5.5 wt%, and 4.23 W/mK at a filler loading of 7.5 wt%, which is 1895% and 2126% higher than pure EP resin, respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) is utilized to analyze the heat conduction mechanism of composites at last.
STOP1‐regulated SMALL AUXIN UP RNA55 (SAUR55) is involved in proton/malate co‐secretion for Al tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Agrahari Raj Kishan , Kobayashi Yuriko , Enomoto Takuo , Miyachi Tasuku , Sakuma Marie , Fujita Miki , Ogata Takuya , Fujita Yasunari , Iuchi Satoshi , Kobayashi Masatomo , Yamamoto Yoshiharu Y. , Koyama Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProton (H+) release is linked to aluminum (Al)‐enhanced organic acids (OAs) excretion from the roots under Al rhizotoxicity in plants. It is well‐reported that the Al‐enhanced organic acid excretion mechanism is regulated by SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1), a zinc‐finger TF that regulates major Al tolerance genes. However, the mechanism of H+ release linked to OAs excretion under Al stress has not been fully elucidated. Recent physiological and molecular‐genetic studies have implicated the involvement of SMALL AUXIN UP RNAs (SAURs) in the activation of plasma membrane H+‐ATPases for stress responses in plants. We hypothesized that STOP1 is involved in the regulation of Al‐responsive SAURs, which may contribute to the co‐secretion of protons and malate under Al stress conditions. In our transcriptome analysis of the roots of the stop1 (sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity1) mutant, we found that STOP1 regulates the transcription of one of the SAURs, namely SAUR55. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of SAUR55 was induced by Al and repressed in the STOP1 T‐DNA insertion knockout (KO) mutant (STOP1‐KO). Through in silico analysis, we identified a functional STOP1‐binding site in the promoter of SAUR55. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that STOP1 directly binds to the promoter of SAUR55. This suggests that STOP1 directly regulates the expression of SAUR55 under Al stress. We next examined proton release in the rhizosphere and malate excretion in the T‐DNA insertion KO mutant of SAUR55 (saur55), in conjunction with STOP1‐KO. Both saur55 and STOP1‐KO suppressed rhizosphere acidification and malate release under Al stress. Additionally, the root growth of saur55 was sensitive to Al‐containing media. In contrast, the overexpressed line of SAUR55 enhanced rhizosphere acidification and malate release, leading to increased Al tolerance. These associations with Al tolerance were also observed in natural variations of Arabidopsis. These findings demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of SAUR55 by STOP1 positively regulates H+ excretion via PM H+‐ATPase 2 which enhances Al tolerance by malate secretion from the roots of Arabidopsis. The activation of PM H+‐ATPase 2 by SAUR55 was suggested to be due to PP2C.D2/D5 inhibition by interaction on the plasma membrane with its phosphatase. Furthermore, RNAi‐suppression of NtSTOP1 in tobacco shows suppression of rhizosphere acidification under Al stress, which was associated with the suppression of SAUR55 orthologs, which are inducible by Al in tobacco. It suggests that transcriptional regulation of Al‐inducible SAURs by STOP1 plays a critical role in OAs excretion in several plant species as an Al tolerance mechanism.
Effectiveness and efficiency of telerehabilitation on functionality after spinal cord injury: A matched case‐control study
Authors: García‐Rudolph Alejandro , Wright Mark Andrew , Yepes Carlos , Murillo Narda , Conesa Lucas , Soriano Ignasi , Bautista Raquel , Opisso Eloy , Tormos Josep Maria , Medina Josep 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTelerehabilitation in spinal cord injury (teleSCI) is a growing field that can improve access to care and health outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The clinical effectiveness of teleSCI is not known.ObjectivesTo compare independence in activities of daily living and mobility capacity in patients following teleSCI and matched controls undergoing traditional rehabilitation.DesignMatched case–control study.SettingTeleSCI occurring in home setting (cases) versus traditional rehabilitation on inpatient unit (controls).ParticipantsForty‐two consecutive patients with SCI followed with teleSCI were compared to 42 historical rehabilitation inpatients (controls) matched for age, time since injury to rehabilitation admission, level of injury (paraplegia/tetraplegia), complete or incomplete injury, and etiology (traumatic/nontraumatic). The teleSCI group (n = 42) was also compared to the complete cohort of historical controls (n = 613).InterventionsThe teleSCI group followed home‐based telerehabilitation (3.5 h/day, 5 days/week, 67 days average duration) and historical controls followed in‐person rehabilitation.Main Outcome Measure(s)The Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) and the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI). We formally compared gains, efficiency and effectiveness. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury and the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) were used.ResultsThe teleSCI group (57.1% nontraumatic, 71.4% paraplegia, 73.8% incomplete, 52.4% AIS grade D) showed no significant differences compared with historical controls in AIS grades, neurological levels, duration, gains, efficiency and effectiveness in FIM, SCIM, or WISCI, although the teleSCI cohort had significantly higher admission FIM scores compared with the complete cohort of historical controls.ConclusionsTeleSCI may provide similar improvements in mobility and functional outcomes as traditional rehabilitation in medically stable patients (predominantly with paraplegia and motor incomplete SCI) when provided with appropriate support and equipment.
A case study on severe psychiatric symptoms induced by lorlatinib
Authors: Liu Michael A. , Xu Eleanor , Shu Catherine A. 
Published: December 2023

Key points

Due to its macrocyclic properties, lorlatinib has increased penetrance of the blood brain barrier compared to most other tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Lorlatinib is a promising therapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with ALK or ROS1 rearrangements, particularly in patients with evidence of intracranial disease.
However, behavioral and central nervous system side effects are common with lorlatinib.
Lorlatinib can rarely result in severe psychosis, as with the presented case.
In patients with lung cancer on lorlatinib, medication‐induced psychosis must be considered among the common differentials, including: the psychological response of patients to the cancer itself, somatic symptoms from brain metastases, and unmasking of underlying psychiatric disorders.