bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buffer overflow and format string overflow vulnerabilities
Authors: Lhee Kyung‐Suk , Chapin Steve J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBuffer overflow vulnerabilities are among the most widespread of security problems. Numerous incidents of buffer overflow attacks have been reported and many solutions have been proposed, but a solution that is both complete and highly practical is yet to be found. Another kind of vulnerability called format string overflow has recently been found and although not as widespread as buffer overflow, format string overflow attacks are no less dangerous.This article surveys representative techniques of exploiting buffer overflow and format string overflow vulnerabilities and their currently available defensive measures. We also describe our buffer overflow detection technique that range checks the referenced buffers at run‐time. We augment executable files with the type information of automatic buffers (local variables and parameters of functions) and static buffers (global variables in thedata/bsssection) and maintain the sizes of allocated heap buffers in order to detect an actual occurrence of buffer overflow. We describe a simple implementation with which we currently protect vulnerable copy functions in the C library. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms for secure modular programming in Java
Authors: Bauer Lujo , Appel Andrew W. , Felten Edward W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe present a new module system for Java that improves upon many of the deficiencies of the Java package system and gives the programmer more control over dynamic linking. Our module system provides explicit interfaces, multiple views of modules based on hierarchical nesting and more flexible name‐space management than the Java package system. Relationships between modules are explicitly specified in module description files. We provide more control over dynamic linking by allowing import statements in module description files to require that imported modules be annotated with certain properties, which we implement by digital signatures. Our module system is compatible enough with standard Java to be implemented as a source‐to‐source and bytecode‐to‐bytecode transformation wrapped around a standard Java compiler, using a standard Java virtual machine (JVM). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Options for Financing Residence Hall Renovation and Construction
Authors: Stoner Kenneth L. , Cavins Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMany U.S. colleges and universities are faced with the problems of aging residence hall facilities, increasing student expectations for living options, and financial structures that prevent an aggressive approach to renovation or new construction. Traditional funding options are no longer viable for some institutions, and additional options are needed to address the gaps between what is required of university housing facilities, what is desired by students, and what is affordable for the university and the student resident.
What Comes First: The Program or the Facility?
Authors: Carroll Justin X. , Carnaghi Jill Ellen , Lempfert Timothy J. , Horstman Johnes Karin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA major research university in a metropolitan location reexamines its sense of campus community and discovers that it should not approach living and learning as separate activities; the institution purposely used extensive housing construction and renovation to achieve the institution's educational mission and encourage a greater sense of community.
Characterization of an alternative oxidase activity of Histoplasma capsulatum
Authors: Johnson Clayton H. , Prigge Jonathan T. , Warren Aaron D. , McEwen Joan E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHistoplasma capsulatum possesses a branched mitochondrial electron transport chain, with both cyanide‐sensitive and ‐insensitive oxygen‐consuming activities. The latter, carried out by a single subunit enzyme termed ‘alternative oxidase’, is the focus of this report. AOX1 cDNA clones were isolated and direct evidence that the cDNA ORF encodes functional alternative oxidase is reported. Also reported are the generation of an antiserum to the AOX1 protein product, and specific detection in vivo of the mRNA and protein products of the AOX1 gene. Finally, initial studies of regulation of H. capsulatum AOX1 gene expression demonstrated that RNA abundance was increased after hydrogen peroxide‐mediated oxidative stress and after inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport enzymes with antimycin A or sodium cyanide. This pattern of regulation is consistent with the hypothesis that alternative oxidase contributes to survival of H. capsulatum after oxidative or metabolic stress and may be important for virulence of this pathogenic organism. The GenBank Accession Nos for the cDNA sequences reported in this paper are AF133236, AF133237 (AOX1). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening and characterization of transposon‐insertion mutants in a pseudohyphal strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Suzuki Chise , Hori Yukiko , Kashiwagi Yutaka 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStrains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Σ1278b background are widely used for elucidation of pseudohyphal differentiation and signal transduction. However, information and resources on the strains are limited compared to the S288C strains. To facilitate functional analysis of strains with Σ1278b background, mutant strains were generated by using a mini‐transposon3‐3 × HA/LacZ (mTn3)‐mutagenized library. Mutants with mTn3 insertions were screened for expression of β‐galactosidase activity under nitrogen starvation and the insertion sites were identified. One hundred and five heterozygous diploid strains were selected and subjected to tetrad analysis. Insertion of mTn3 in 11 genes was lethal in the strain, including three genes, HAC1, TPS1 and UME6, which are non‐essential genes according to the Saccharomyces Genome Database. Viable haploid strains with mTn3 insertions were examined for invasive growth, which is a differentiation process in haploid strains including agar penetration on rich medium, and cell morphology during invasive growth. We also examined homozygous diploid strains with mTn3‐insertions for filamentous growth and sporulation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a disulphide‐bound Pir‐cell wall protein (Pir‐CWP) of Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Jaafar Lahcen , Moukadiri Ismaïl , Zueco Jesús 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this work we have studied the disulphide‐bound group of cell wall mannoproteins of Yarrowia lipolytica and Candida albicans. In the case of Y. lipolytica, SDS–PAGE analysis of the β‐mercaptoethanol‐extracted material from the purified cell walls of the yeast form, showed the presence of a main polypeptide of 45 kDa and some minor bands in the 100–200 kDa range. This pattern of bands is similar to that obtained in identical extracts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Moukadiri et al., 1999), and besides, all these bands cross‐react with an antibody raised against β‐mercaptoethanol‐extracted material from the purified cell walls of S. cerevisiae, suggesting that the 45 kDa band could be the homologue of Pir4 of S. cerevisiae in Y. lipolytica. To confirm this possibility, the amino‐terminal sequences of two internal regions of the 45 kDa protein were determined, and degenerate oligonucleotides were used to clone the gene. The gene isolated in this way codes a 286 amino acid polypeptide that shows homology with the Pir family of proteins of S. cerevisiae (Russo et al., 1992; Toh‐e et al., 1993), accordingly we have named this gene YlPIR1. Disruption of YlPIR1 led to a slight increase in the resistance of the cells to calcofluor white, Congo red and zymolyase, but did not cause changes in cell morphology, growth rate or morphological transition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and behaviour of α‐glucan synthase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe as revealed by electron microscopy
Authors: Konomi Mami , Fujimoto Kazushi , Toda Takashi , Osumi Masako 
Published: March 2003

Abstractα‐1,3‐Glucan is a cell wall component in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and is exclusive to budding yeast. We analysed the ultrastructure of the cell wall in the α‐glucan synthase mutant mok1 and determined the role of α‐1,3‐glucan in cell wall formation of Sz. pombe. The mok1 mutant cell has an abnormal shape, with swelling at the tip or at the site of the septum. The cell wall is thicker and looser than that of wild‐type cells, and the layered structure of the cell wall is broken. The glucan fibrils forming the protoplast retain a fine fibril structure, although their development into bundles is abnormal. We also report the localization of Mok1p by immunoelectron microscopy using high‐pressure freeze substitution and SDS‐digested freeze‐fracture replica labelling methods. The Mok1p is localized on the cell membrane and moves from the cell tip to the medial region during the cell cycle. These results confirm that Mok1p plays an important role in the normal construction of the cell wall and in the primary step of glucan bundle formation, and that it is required for new cell wall synthesis during vegetative growth. These findings suggest that α‐1,3‐glucan is an essential component for cell wall formation in fission yeast. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional regulation of YML083c under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Ter Linde J. J. M. , Steensma H. Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractYML083c and DAN1 were among the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORFs that displayed the strongest increase in transcript abundance during anaerobic growth compared to aerobic growth, as determined by oligonucleotide microarrays. We here report that transcription of YML083c is regulated by at least three different factors. First, repression under aerobic conditions depends on the presence of heme. Second, deletion analysis of the 5′‐flanking region of YML083c and DAN1 revealed two regions responsible for anaerobic induction. Each of these regions conferred anoxia‐regulated expression to the heterologous, minimal, CYC1–lacZ reporter. Mutations in the AAACGA subelement, common to the positive acting regions of YML083c and DAN1, almost completely abolished the ability to drive anaerobic expression of the reporter gene. This subelement is similar to the AR1 site, which is involved in anaerobic induction of the DAN/TIR genes. Activation through the AR1 site depends on Upc2. Indeed, transcription from the YML083c promoter was decreased in an upc2 null mutant. Third, expression of Sut1 under aerobic conditions enhanced transcription of YML083c, suggesting that aerobic repression of YML083c is promoted by the general Tup1–Ssn6 co‐repressor complex. However, despite the presence of a sequence that matches the consensus for binding of Rox1, YML083c is not controlled by Rox1, since deletion or replacement of the putative binding site did not cause aerobic derepression. Moreover, YML083c expression was undetectable in aerobically grown cells of a rox1 null mutant. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GRUESOME RUMOURS, THE REALITY QUESTION
AND WRITING HISTORY
Authors: GESCHIERE PETER 
Published: March 2003

Madumo: A Man Bewitched. By ADAM ASHFORTH. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press; Cape Town: David Philip, 2000. Pp. vii+255. Rand 90 (ISBN 0-226-02971-9).Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa. By LUISE WHITE.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Pp. xvi+351. £31.50/$50 (ISBN
0-520-21703-9); £12.50/$19.95, paperback (ISBN 0-520-21704-7).
Three-dimensional airway reopening: the steady propagation of a semi-infinite bubble into a buckled elastic tube
Authors: HAZEL ANDREW L. , HEIL MATTHIAS 
Published: March 2003

We consider the steady propagation of an air finger into a buckled elastic tube initially filled with viscous fluid. This study is motivated by the physiological problem of pulmonary airway reopening. The system is modelled using geometrically nonlinear Kirchhoff–Love shell theory coupled to the free-surface Stokes equations. The resulting three-dimensional fluid–structure-interaction problem is solved numerically by a fully coupled finite element method.The system is governed by three dimensionless parameters: (i) the capillary number,
Ca=μU/σ*, represents the ratio of viscous to surface-tension
forces, where μ is the fluid viscosity, U is the finger's propagation speed
and σ* is the surface tension at the air–liquid interface; (ii)
σ=σ*/(RK) represents the ratio of surface tension to elastic forces, where
R is the undeformed radius of the tube and K its bending modulus; and (iii)
A∞=A*∞/(4R2), characterizes the initial degree of tube collapse, where
A*∞ is the cross-sectional area of the tube far ahead of the bubble.The generic behaviour of the system is found to be very similar to that observed in previous two-dimensional models (Gaver et al. 1996; Heil 2000). In particular, we find a two-branch behaviour in the relationship between dimensionless propagation speed, Ca, and dimensionless bubble pressure, p*b/(σ*/R). At low Ca, a decrease in p*b is required to increase the propagation speed. We present a simple model that explains this behaviour and why it occurs in both two and three dimensions. At high Ca, p*b increases monotonically with propagation speed and p*b/(σ*/R) ∝ Ca for sufficiently large values of σ and Ca. In a frame of reference moving with the finger velocity, an open vortex develops ahead of the bubble tip at low Ca, but as Ca increases, the flow topology changes and the vortex disappears.An increase in dimensional surface tension, σ*, causes an increase in the bubble pressure required to drive the air finger at a given speed; p*b also increases with A*∞ and higher bubble pressures are required to open less strongly buckled tubes. This unexpected finding could have important physiological ramifications. If σ* is sufficiently small, steady airway reopening can occur when the bubble pressure is lower than the external (pleural) pressure, in which case the airway remains buckled (non-axisymmetric) after the passage of the air finger. Furthermore, we find that the maximum wall shear stresses exerted on the airways during reopening may be large enough to damage the lung tissue.
Three faces of ageism: society, image and place
Authors: MCHUGH KEVIN E. 
Published: March 2003

This paper elucidates and champions a spatiality perspective in social gerontology, by arguing that relationships between older people and the spaces and places they inhabit illuminate deeply-ingrained societal attitudes and values. The trilogy of society, image and place is explored through an interpretive reading of images and scripts in ‘successful ageing’ and ‘anti-ageing’ created and promoted by the booming ‘retirement industry’ in the United States. Six tropes are revealed in an interpretation of prevalent images of ‘Sunbelt Retirement Land’: geographic cornucopia, ageless selves, near perfection, the right stuff, down home living, and nomads of desire. This reading serves as a springboard in elaborating Cole's (1992) notion of bipolar ageism, as we vacillate between negative stereotypes of old age and positive elixirs, such as anti-ageing and agelessness, that are cloaked denials of decline, disease and death. The paper concludes with a series of troubling questions about the perpetuation and depth of ageism in society and culture.Every present day is determined by the images that are synchronic with it: each ‘now’ is the now of a particular recognizability. (Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project, 1999: 462–63)
Home range of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) in a network of remnant linear habitats
Authors: van der Ree Rodney , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLinear strips of natural or semi‐natural vegetation are a characteristic feature of rural landscapes throughout the world. Their value for the conservation of fauna in heavily modified landscapes depends on the response of species to the linear shape of the habitat, and the pressures this imposes on population processes and spatial organization. In south‐eastern Australia, woodland habitats occupied by the squirrel glider Petaurus norfolcensis, a threatened species of arboreal marsupial, have been preferentially cleared for agriculture leaving only remnants within cleared farmland. In this study, the home range of P. norfolcensis was investigated by radio‐tracking 40 gliders within a highly modified landscape where the majority (83%) of remaining wooded habitat occurs as a network of linear strips along roadsides and streams. Individuals were tracked for one to four seasons, resulting in the collection of 4213 independent locational ‘fixes’. All fixes of animals were from remnant woodland. Home ranges were elongated and linear, primarily determined by the shape and arrangement of woodland habitat. Seasonal home ranges were small (mean of 1.4–2.8 ha) and ranged between 320 and 840 m long. Small patches of trees in farmland adjacent to the linear habitats were also extensively used. Despite the highly modified landscape structure, home ranges of P. norfolcensis in the linear network were smaller than those estimated from other studies of this species in continuous habitat. The apparent high quality of the linear habitats is attributed to the density of large old trees, which provide foraging and breeding resources, and the productivity of the environment. Linear landscape elements may have a valuable conservation function where they provide resident habitat or enhance landscape connectivity, but their long‐term viability is vulnerable to disturbance.
Forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) stature in the Réserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon
Authors: Morgan Bethan J. , Lee P. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe stature of forest elephantsLoxodonta africana cyclotiswas determined at the Petit Loango Reserve over 14 months from January to December 1998 and May to June 1999 using three measures: shoulder height, hind footprint length and boli diameter. The shoulder height of 53 identified elephants was measured using photogrammetric methods. The minimum estimated shoulder height was 69 cm from a young calf, and the tallest animal was 216 cm. Hind footprint length and boli diameter data were collected from unidentified individuals. The minimum footprint size was 12.5 cm and the largest 35.3 cm. Boli diameter ranged from 4.0 to 16.0 cm. A comparison of the size categories with those of savanna elephants in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, suggested a similar distribution of size, age and population structure, despite a marked difference in overall stature. These are the first data for measures of African forest elephant size compared to African savanna elephant size. Such data may add morphological evidence supporting recent genetic work suggesting that African forest elephants be re‐classified as a distinct species from the African savanna elephant.
A new species of spitting cobra (Naja) from north‐eastern Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)
Authors: Wüster Wolfgang , Broadley Donald G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new species of spitting cobra Naja nubiae sp. nov. is described from north‐eastern Africa. The distinctiveness of the new species is confirmed by multivariate analysis of pattern and scalation data. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences reveals the new species to be the sister taxon of N. pallida, but with considerable levels of sequence divergence relative to that species. The populations concerned had previously been assigned to N. pallida. The new species differs from N. pallida principally in having more than one dark band across the neck and under the throat, as well as a pair of spots under the throat. It occupies a disjunct range across Egypt, the Sudan, Chad, Niger and Eritrea, where it seems to occupy primarily relatively mesic habitats. Naja mossambica is more closely related to N. nigricollis than to N. pallida and the new species. A key to the African species of Naja is presented.
Calotte morphology in the phylum Dicyemida: niche separation and convergence
Authors: Furuya Hidetaka , Hochberg F. G. , Tsuneki Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe renal sacs of a diversity of cephalopod molluscs were examined to study the morphology of dicyemid mesozoans. Most of the dicyemid species studied were found to be host specific. Typically, two or more species of dicyemids were present in each host species or each host individual. When dicyemid species co‐occurred, their calotte shapes were distinctly different. The following variations in calotte shapes were usually detected within a given host individual: (1) when two species of dicyemids were present, two distinct calotte shapes, conical and discoidal, were observed; (2) when three species of dicyemids were present, three types of calotte configurations were observed, conical (two grades) and discoidal; (3) when more than four species of dicyemids were present, at least one species was characterized by its rare irregularly shaped calotte. As a rule, when more than two dicyemid species were present in a single host individual, calotte shapes were dissimilar. Calotte shapes in dicyemid species from different host species more closely resemble each other than those of dicyemids observed within the same host species. Dicyemids with conical or dome‐shaped calottes are found within the convolutions or folds of the renal appendages, whereas those with flat, discoidal calottes attach to the surface of the renal appendages. In the dicyemids, calotte morphology seems to result from adaptation to the structure of host renal tissues and helps to facilitate niche separation of coexisting species.
Is body size an influential parameter in determining the duration of survival at low temperatures in Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)?
Authors: Renault D. , Hance T. , Vannier G. , Vernon P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPhysiological and morphological parameters that affect survival were measured at the individual level in adults of the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus kept at 6 °C and 10 °C. Survival differed significantly among individuals and sexes and at different temperatures. At 6 °C, pervasive effects of cold, i.e. chill injuries, were too strong to allow survival, whereas the duration of survival was significantly influenced by the adult body size at 10 °C; initial fresh mass was positively correlated with survival in both sexes. The management of energy reserves was also significantly different among individuals. Weight loss was significantly slower in both males and females that had the longest longevity and kept at 10 °C when compared to males and females that had shortest longevity (3.05±0.47 μg/mg fresh weight/day and 2.71±0.60 μg/mg fresh weight/day, respectively, vs 5.68±3.77 and 9.01±9.39 μg/mg fresh weight/day). The largest insects lost weight at a constant but slower rate than the smallest ones. Prolonged exposures at 10 °C enforced inactivity and led to depletion of the energy reserves in both males and females through low food availability. The water ratio was significantly decreased over time: both males and females that had the longest longevity had significantly lower water ratio than males and females that had the shortest longevity.