bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature-related Variations of 1064 nm Surface Reflectance on Mercury: Implications for Space Weathering
Authors: Deutsch Ariel N. , Neumann Gregory A. , Kreslavsky Mikhail A. , Pokorný Petr , Martinez Camacho Jose M. , Trang David , Izenberg Noam R. , Denevi Brett W. , Galiano Anna , Filacchione Gianrico 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
It has been predicted that high equatorial temperatures on Mercury could promote thermal annealing by Ostwald ripening, where nanophase metal particles (a product of space weathering) coalesce and grow into larger, microphase particles, resulting in lower albedo. Here, we test this prediction by studying the correlation between albedo and temperature in 1° spatial bins using newly recalibrated 1064 nm reflectance data acquired by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA), low incidence angle data from the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS), and newly modeled maximum surface temperatures (MSTs). Accounting for local geology and latitude, we compare the reflectance values of surfaces with MSTs >675 K (where Ostwald ripening is predicted to be most effective) to surfaces with MSTs <473 K (where ripening is predicted not to be effective). Smooth plain surfaces >675 K are 10% and 12% darker than surfaces <473 K in MLA and MDIS data, respectively, and nonsmooth plain surfaces >675 K are 8% and 7% darker than surfaces <473 K. However, open questions remain regarding the causation of this darkening; statistical tests cannot distinguish whether the reflectance differences are systematic or the result of compositional variations that happen to correlate with MST. Along Mercury’s thermal longitudes, we find that reflectance is typically lower along hot poles than along the 90°E cold pole in the low-to-midlatitudes, especially in the smooth plains, consistent with previous work identifying a decrease in optical maturity along the 90°E cold pole. Longitudinal reflectance variations correlate with temperature variations, rather than variations in micrometeoroid or solar wind fluxes.
Des morts polysémiques : les sépultures en contexte d’habitat rural au premier Moyen Âge (ve-xie siècle) en Alsace
Authors: Peytremann Édith , Pelissier Amélie 
Published: January 2024

Résumé : L’étude des sépultures découvertes en contexte d’habitat rural du haut Moyen Âge, entreprise dans le cadre d’un Projet Collectif de Recherche dédié aux « Espaces et pratiques funéraires en Alsace aux époques mérovingienne et carolingienne », a pour objectif de développer une méthodologie d’étude archéologique et anthropologique adaptée à un corpus hétérogène et à un temps de recherche limité, d’analyser et de comparer le corpus alsacien non seulement à celui des ensembles funéraires régionaux mais encore à ceux des populations inhumées en contexte d’habitat dans le reste de la France et dans le Bade-Würtemberg. À partir d’un corpus de 19 sites comprenant 171 sépultures représentant 192 individus et de 46 datations 14C et de 30 datations par l’étude du mobilier, il a été développé une méthodologie permettant une approche chronologique, topographique, proxémique, biologique et sociale de cette pratique. Trois grandes phases chronologiques ont ainsi été distinguées dans la période d’approximativement trois siècles durant laquelle cette pratique est attestée. Trois agencements topographiques de sépultures ont été identifiés : isolé, en grappe et en ensemble. Les gestes et l’architecture funéraires s’avèrent semblables à ceux observés au sein des grands ensembles funéraires contemporains. L’étude démographique et biologique de la population inhumée montre, elle aussi, des résultats proches de ceux obtenus pour les cimetières. Les interprétations proposées, en lien avec la propriété et les limites, la famille et les croyances sont comparées à celles émises plus généralement en France et en Europe du Nord-Ouest. Si les résultats obtenus restent encore modestes, la méthodologie mise au point devrait permettre de traiter à l’avenir d’autres corpus régionaux hétéroclites et d’effectuer des comparaisons plus poussées.
La collection Auguste Cousin (1835-1899) et son itinéraire entre l’Équateur et Paris
Authors: Jarrín María José 
Published: January 2024

En 1864, Auguste Cousin (1835-1899) arrive à Quito pour réaliser des recherches sur la malacologie équatorienne. Grâce à ses collectes, il devient membre de la Société zoologique de France et développe un réseau transnational dont les transferts participent au processus de création de musées scientifiques dans les deux nations. Les collections qu’il forme se diversifient et deviennent des représentations de la nation équatorienne lors des expositions universelles. Elles gagnent ainsi une renommée internationale qui contribue à la diffusion du collectionnisme d’objets provenant de l’Équateur. Auguste Cousin incarne alors deux types d’agent culturel du xixe siècle : le voyageur naturaliste et le collectionneur d’antiquités nationales. Sous l’optique de l’histoire croisée, cet article analyse les pratiques culturelles (scientifiques, artistiques, patrimoniales) développées par Cousin entre la France et l’Équateur au tournant du siècle.
Neonatal CD8+ T Cells Resist Exhaustion during Chronic Infection
Authors: Maymí Viviana I , Zhu Hongya , Jager Mason , Johnson Shawn , Getchell Rodman , Casey James W , Grenier Jennifer K , Wherry E John , Smith Norah L , Grimson Andrew , Rudd Brian D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chronic viral infections, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, represent a major public health problem. Although it is well understood that neonates and adults respond differently to chronic viral infections, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we transferred neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells into a mouse model of chronic infection (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13) and dissected out the key cell-intrinsic differences that alter their ability to protect the host. Interestingly, we found that neonatal CD8+ T cells preferentially became effector cells early in chronic infection compared with adult CD8+ T cells and expressed higher levels of genes associated with cell migration and effector cell differentiation. During the chronic phase of infection, the neonatal cells retained more immune functionality and expressed lower levels of surface markers and genes related to exhaustion. Because the neonatal cells protect from viral replication early in chronic infection, the altered differentiation trajectories of neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells is functionally significant. Together, our work demonstrates how cell-intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells influence key cell fate decisions during chronic infection.
TLR5M and TLR5S Synergistically Sense Flagellin in Early Endosome in Lamprey Petromyzon marinus, Switched by the N-Glycosylation Site N239
Authors: Liao Zhiwei , Ji Wei , Yang Chunrong , Su Jianguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In mammals, TLR5 functions as a homodimer to recognize bacterial flagellin on the cytomembrane. The current investigations reveal the existence of two types of TLR5, a membrane-bound PmTLR5M, and a soluble variant PmTLR5S, in lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Although both PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S can bind flagellin, only PmTLR5M is capable of eliciting a proinflammatory response, whereas PmTLR5S can detect the flagellin and facilitate the role of PmTLR5M in early endosomes. The trafficking chaperone UNC93B1 enhances the ligand-induced signaling via PmTLR5M or the combination of PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S. PmTLR5M recruits MyD88 as an adaptor. Furthermore, chimeric receptor studies demonstrate the indispensability of the intradomain of PmTLR5M in effective activation of the proinflammatory pathway upon flagellin stimulation, and the combination of PmTLR5S with a singular intradomain in both homodimer and heterodimer ectodomain arrangements can very significantly augment the immune response. Furthermore, the flagellin binding sites between PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S are conserved, which are essential for ligand binding and signal transduction. Moreover, investigations on N-linked glycosylation modifications reveal that the N239 site in PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S plays a switch role in both flagellin binding and immune responses. In addition, PmTLR5M exhibits the high-mannose–type and complex-type N-glycosylation modifications; however, PmTLR5S shows exclusive complex-type N-glycosylation modification. The key N239 site demonstrates complex-type N-glycosylation modification. The findings address the function and mechanism of TLR5 in ligand recognition, subcellular localization, and signaling pathway in lowest vertebrate and immune system transition species, highlight the regulatory role of N-glycosylation modification in TLRs, and augment immune evolutionary research on the TLR signaling pathway.
miR-345-3p Modulates M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization to Inhibit Inflammation in Bone Infection via Targeting MAP3K1 and NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Dai Yan , Yi Xiaolan , Huang Yahui , Qian Kaoliang , Huang Lili , Hu Jun , Liu Yuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF), a complex infectious disease, causes inflammatory destruction of bone tissue and poses a significant clinical challenge. miR-345-3p is a biomarker for tibial infected nonunion; however, the comprehensive mechanistic role of miR-345-3p in IAFF is elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-345-3p in IAFF pathogenesis through in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo, in a rat model of IAFF, miR-345-3p expression was downregulated, accompanied by increased M1 macrophage infiltration and secretion of proinflammatory factors. In vitro, LPS induced differentiation of primary rat bone marrow–derived macrophages into M1 macrophages, which was attenuated by miR-345-3p mimics. miR-345-3p promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition—it reduced the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 86, inducible NO synthase, IL-1β, and TNF-α but elevated those of CD163, arginase-1, IL-4, and IL-10. MAPK kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), a target mRNA of miR-345-3p, was overexpressed in the bone tissue of IAFF rats compared with that in those of the control rats. The M1 to M2 polarization inhibited MAP3K1 signaling pathways in vitro. Conversely, MAP3K1 overexpression promoted the transition from M2 to M1. miR-345-3p significantly inhibited NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in a MAP3K1-dependent manner. In conclusion, miR-345-3p promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the MAP3K1 and NF-κB pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic strategies for IAFF and offer potential new targets for subsequent research.
Consolidation of a Molecular Signature of Healing in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Is Achieved during the First 10 Days of Treatment
Authors: Giraldo-Parra Lina , Rebellón-Sánchez David E , Navas Adriana , Belew Ashton Trey , El-Sayed Najib M , Gómez María Adelaida 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The immune response is central to the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, most of our current understanding of the immune response in human CL derives from the analysis of systemic responses, which only partially reflect what occurs in the skin. In this study, we characterized the transcriptional dynamics of skin lesions during the course of treatment of CL patients and identified gene signatures and pathways associated with healing and nonhealing responses. We performed a comparative transcriptome profiling of serial skin lesion biopsies obtained before, in the middle, and at the end of treatment of CL patients (eight who were cured and eight with treatment failure). Lesion transcriptomes from patients who healed revealed recovery of the stratum corneum, suppression of the T cell–mediated inflammatory response, and damping of neutrophil activation, as early as 10 d after initiation of treatment. These transcriptional programs of healing were consolidated before lesion re-epithelization. In stark contrast, downregulation of genes involved in keratinization was observed throughout treatment in patients who did not heal, indicating that in addition to uncontrolled inflammation, treatment failure of CL is mediated by impaired mechanisms of wound healing. This work provides insights into the factors that contribute to the effective resolution of skin lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) species, sheds light on the consolidation of transcriptional programs of healing and nonhealing responses before the clinically apparent resolution of skin lesions, and identifies inflammatory and wound healing targets for host-directed therapies for CL.
Modified Placement of C-flap in Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair to Avoid Alar Base Scar - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Balaji Preetha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
In spite of several techniques, Millard’s approach for the correction of cleft lip still is widely used. Although versatile, it has certain drawbacks including scar contraction, short lip and notching. A modification of the ‘C’ arm helps to address this drawback. The purpose of this study was to describe the qualitative and quantitative outcomes of the author’s modification of Millard’s C flap.

Materials and Methods:
Archival photographic records of cleft lip repairs and post-operative photos of cases treated by author were screened. Anthropometric measurements of the height and width of the lip, the height of the vermilion and the width of the alar base were considered. The outcome was quantified by comparing the ratio of each feature between the cleft and normal sides. The quality of cleft lip repair was assessed using the Steffensen criteria. Appropriate statistical tests were performed.

Results:
In all, 233 cases with a mean age of 4.46 ± 0.91 years and 106 (45.5%) males formed the study group. The mean lip height ratio was 0.936 ± 0.04, the mean lip width ratio was 0.938 ± 0.037, the mean vermillion height ratio was 0.9433 ± 0.35 while the mean alar base width ratio was 0.932 ± 0.35. The physical parameter ratios’ mean difference between the normal side and the cleft side was below 0.06 mm.

Discussion:
The mechanism behind the drawback of the classical Millard’s technique is discussed and compared with present modification. The authors’ modification shows that modified Millard’s technique produces better aesthetic outcomes.
Family adoption program in medical education and role of community medicine in its implementation in India: An overview
Authors: Chakraborty Anik , Sarkar Nilanjana , Lahiri Utsav , Bhowmick Sayantan , Sen Sukanta , Majumdar Ronjoy , Goswami Dependra Narayan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Family Adoption Program (FAP) is an innovative and crucial aspect of the latest competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum proposed by the National Medical Commission. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the FAP’s incorporation into the CBME framework, highlighting its potential impact on medical education, and patient care. We explore the rationale behind its implementation, the core competencies it aims to develop, and the benefits it offers to both medical students and the community. Furthermore, we discuss the role of community medicine in its implementation. Lastly, we analyzed the challenges and future prospects of the FAP in shaping the healthcare landscape.
Effectiveness and management of terrestrial protected areas: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ospino Javier Orozco , Yepes Gloria Yaneth Florez 
Published: January 2024

Effectively managed protected areas (PAs) are an efficient strategy to promote sustainable development and human well-being. The objective of this study was to examine aspects related to the evaluation of PA effectiveness and management, for which a bibliometric analysis was performed by taking as a reference the English language publication made globally from 2013 to 2022 in the Scopus database. Three research trends were found. The first is studies on conservation planning, management, and evaluation, with multiple approaches aimed at developing tools to determine PA effectiveness objectively. The second studies the impacts of human activities on PAs and considers human pressure, the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, and the valuation of ecosystem services, among others. The third studies specific indicators to determine the effectiveness of a specific set of PAs or one in particular. Finally, conservation management was identified as a basic topic that has not been sufficiently developed, so the convenience of developing management and evaluation models for PA management should be evaluated in future research.
Keywords: assessment, conservation area, efficacy.
On an uncountable family of graphs whose spectrum is a Cantor set
Authors: Cavaleri Matteo , D’Angeli Daniele , Donno Alfredo , Rodaro Emanuele 
Published: January 2024

For each

p\geq 1

, the star automaton group

\mathcal{G}_{S_p}

is an automaton group which can be defined starting from a star graph on

p+1

vertices. We study Schreier graphs associated with the action of the group

\mathcal{G}_{S_p}

on the regular rooted tree

T_{p+1}

of degree

p+1

and on its boundary

\partial T_{p+1}

. With the transitive action on the

n

-th level of

T_{p+1}

is associated a finite Schreier graph

\Gamma^{p}_{n}

, whereas there exist uncountably many orbits of the action on the boundary, represented by infinite Schreier graphs which are obtained as the limits of the sequence

\{\Gamma_{n}^{p}\}_{n\geq 1}

in the Gromov–Hausdorff topology. We obtain an explicit description of the spectrum of the graphs

\{\Gamma_{n}^{p}\}_{n\geq 1}

. Then, by using amenability of

\mathcal{G}_{S_p}

, we prove that the spectrum of each infinite Schreier graph is the union of a Cantor set of zero Lebesgue measure, which is the Julia set of the quadratic map

f_{p}(z) = z^{2}-2(p-1)z -2p

, and a countable collection of isolated points supporting the Kesten–Neumann–Serre spectral measure. We also give a complete classification of the infinite Schreier graphs up to isomorphism of unrooted graphs, showing that they may have

1

,

2

or

2p

ends, and that the case of

1

end is generic with respect to the uniform measure on

\partial T_{p+1}

.
Usos de Internet y mediación parental en adolescentes hiperactivos
Authors: Arrizabalaga Crespo Cynthia , Aierbe Barandiaran Ana , Medrano Samaniego Concepción 
Published: January 2024

La juventud actual vive en plena revolución tecnológica, sobre todo, en el campo de la comunicación (chats, móviles, Messenger, etc.). En muchas zonas de España Internet ha superado a la televisión no solamente como espacio de entretenimiento en los adolescentes, sino también como agente de socialización. Los adolescentes hiperactivos o con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) poseen características específicas que pueden hacerles más vulnerables a la hora de utilizar las nuevas tecnologías, por ello, es importante investigar sobre los usos que hacen de Internet. En este trabajo se ha tratado de conocer, mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario de Hábitos Televisivos CH-TV 0.2, las posibles diferencias en el consumo de Internet, finalidad de uso y mediación parental de adolescentes con (TDAH) y estándar, con una muestra de 232 adolescentes del País Vasco.
Los resultados indican que existen diferencias en el perfil de consumo de Internet entre adolescentes con TDAH y adolescentes estándar. Son los primeros, en contra de lo hipotetizado, quienes hacen un uso inferior de Internet. Además, a pesar de que la principal finalidad de uso es la comunicación para ambas muestras, existen diferencias significativas entre ellas. Respecto a la mediación parental, son los adolescentes con TDAH los que afirman percibir en mayor medida la mediación instructiva y la restrictiva por sus progenitores.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Kelas VIII MTS Al-Istiqamah Igobula Kecamatan Galela Selatan
Authors: Mandar Nurjihan Hi , Tabaika Rosita , Amin Astuti Muh 
Published: January 2024

The Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is a learning model that can be used by teachers to create an active, effective and enjoyable learning atmosphere. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the two stay two stray learning model on student learning outcomes in the human digestive system material for class VIII MTS AL-Istiqamah Igobula, South Galela District. This type of research is quasi-experimental research or Quasi Experiment. The population in this study was all class VIII, totaling 44 students consisting of two classes, namely class VIII-A and class VIII-B MTS AL-Istiqamah Igobula, South Galela District. The instruments used to measure student learning outcomes are pretest and posttest questions in the form of multiple choice, totaling 20 questions whose validity and reality have been tested. The results of research and data analysis show that the average value in the experimental class is 70.45, while the average value in the control class is 63.18 and the t test results show that there is a Sig. (2-tailed) obtained was 0.016 < α = 0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. The conclusion of the research is that there is an influence of the two stay two stray cooperative learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes in human digestive system material in class VIII Mts Al-Istiqamah Igobula. Keywords: Cognitive, Cooperative, Two Stay Two Stray, Learning Model, Biology.
COVID-19 en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica en adultos. Hospital General de Zona 1. Oaxaca. México, 2020-2022
Authors: Herrera Erandi Cortes , Mejia Martin Eduardo Avendaño , Domínguez Edson Ricardo Lagos , Mendoza Ivonne Adela Martínez , Martínez Donají Columba Martínez , Fernández Silvia Josefina Venero , Rivera Francisco Ham 
Published: January 2024

La magnitud de las NAVM antes del SARS-CoV-2 en México era de 39.7%, en nuestra investigación encontramos que con COVID-19 este aumento a 44,4%, superior a la declarada por Lux y col. en cuya investigación realizada en Chile con una muestra de 112 paciente adultos ventilados, estima una incidencia del 42,8% de NAVM. Murillo Yupanqui en su tesis desarrollada en el Hospital de Perú analizó a 117 pacientes, reportando una incidencia de 67.5%. En este sentido el estudio sobre infecciones bacterianas en pacientes con COVID-19 en Cuba de Aguilera Calzadilla y col concuerda con los datos obtenidos en esta investigación. (19,8,18) La edad es otro factor importante a mayor edad la probabilidad de ocurrencia de NAVM es alta, nosotros obtuvimos una media de edad de 59 años, similar a lo encontrado en el estudio de cohorte a coinfecciones en pacientes críticos con COVID-19 por Baskaran y col. El sexo fue relevante en la infección por SARS-CoV-2, a nivel global los más afectados fueron los hombres, presentando el mismo comportamiento en el caso de la NAVM, otros estudios han reportado el mismo hallazgo en pacientes con COVID-19 y no COVID-19 en donde han reportado los las diferencias sexuales y la respuesta inmunitaria por sexo al desarrollo de esta complicación el cual la mayor. Forel et al en su trabajo en el 2012 identifico que el ser del sexo masculino estaba asociado a 2 veces mayor probabilidad de desarrollar NAVM. (23,24,25,26,27) El antecedente patológico personal encontrado en pacientes con COVID-19 en mayor frecuencia fue la hipertensión arterial, seguido de la diabetes mellitus, aspectos similares a las referidas en la literatura consultada. Garay y col, identificaron la diabetes mellitus en el 50,4%, hipertensión sistémica 46,4% y obesidad 36,1%, y en su tesis Murillo identifica como primera causa la hipertensión arterial 43,2% y obesidad 33,9%. La enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 nos hizo regresar la mirada a las enfermedades crónicas y a la asociación de complicaciones con altas tasas de mortalidad. (23,8,27)