bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study on the psychosocial factors, the severity of depression, and coping strategies among patients attempting suicide
Authors: Saharia Barasha , Ghosh Soumitra 
Published: January 2024

Background:
With around 10–20 million individuals attempting suicide each year, suicide attempts have been considered a significant public health issue. A significant fraction of it is caused by depression. Life events and other psychosocial stressors were frequently linked to both depression and suicidal behavior. Coping strategies are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral approaches used to lessen and cope with the negative impacts of stressful situations.

Aim:
This study aimed to find the psychosocial factors, the severity of depression, and coping strategies among patients attempting suicide.

Materials and Methods:
Study design: This study was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 120 consecutive cases were selected using Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) scales and assessed for severity of depression and coping strategies using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE) scales, respectively. Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and independent-samples t-test have been performed to see the association between categorical and continuous variables. The Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to see the relationship between two continuous variables.

Results:
Most of the cases (33.3%) were found to be severely depressed. Among all the cases, the majority, that is, 90.8%, were using avoidant-type coping strategies and only 9.2% were using approach-type coping strategies. A significant positive correlation between the avoidant-type coping strategy and depression and a negative correlation between the approach-type coping strategy and depression was found.

Conclusion:
Patients with depression attempting suicide were found to utilize avoidant-type coping strategies to cope with life stresses. Hence, it is crucial to place greater emphasis on assessing coping strategies and focus on teaching approach-oriented coping strategies as a means to prevent suicidal attempts.
Validation of social cognition and interaction training’s (SCIT) videos and photographs in Indian setting
Authors: Kumari Parul , Sayeed Neha , Das Basudeb , Bose Swarnali , Umesh S. , Khanande Roshan V. , Raj Justin 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Social cognition deficit is one of the marked characteristics of schizophrenia. Accumulated evidence suggests that social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) is associated with improved performance in social cognition and social skills in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders. The cultural influence on social cognition is quite considerable. So, studies in the area of social cognition domains need to adapt and use culturally appropriate tools and measures to see the effectiveness. This study aimed to validate the materials used in SCIT training in Indian setting.

Materials and Methods:
The original script of video clips was translated into Hindi and was reshot, and the images were remade. A panel of experts rated the videos and images on a 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, the content validity and internal consistency of the materials were calculated.

Results:
The content validity ratio (CVR) critical value was 0.357, and all the videos and images received more than the CVR critical value. The intraclass correlation coefficient for videos was 0.974, for SCIT photographs was 0.971, for “spotting character” was 0.975, and for “emotion shaping” was 0.965, indicating good internal consistency.

Discussion:
The majority of the experts in the panel found the videos and images adequate and appropriate for the Indian setting. In addition, the videos and photographs both yielded good internal consistency.
Comparing attention, impulsivity, and executive functions between patients with opiate use disorder: Buprenorphine maintenance treatment versus active users, in comparison with healthy controls
Authors: Keleş Didem Beşikci , Bilici Rabia , Ayık Batuhan , Kılıç Muhsin Koray , Kliewer Wendy 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Opioid use disorders (OUDs) affect over 16 million people worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence rate in Asia. OUDs are associated with significant health consequences, including neurocognitive impairment, which affects individuals’ ability to make decisions, respond to stressful situations, and regulate behavior. Understanding the specific ways in which OUDs affect cognitive functioning is important in treatment considerations.

Methods:
This study compared the attention, impulsivity, and executive functions of Turkish men with active OUD (n = 40) with those of men in remission from OUD who were on buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance (BMT; n = 41) and with those of a comparison group of healthy controls (HC; n = 43). The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to assess neurocognitive functioning.

Results:
Analyses found significant impairment in measures of continuous attention, cognitive impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and executive functions in the two patient groups compared to the control group, but the two patient groups did not differ from each other.

Conclusion:
The data from this study indicate that individuals with OUD exhibit neurocognitive damage, and those in remission from OUD who receive maintenance treatment do not show improvement in this domain. Neurocognitive damages should be considered in long-term treatment planning of patients with OUD.
Resting state and activated brain glutamate–glutamine, brain lactate, cognition, and psychopathology among males with schizophrenia: A 3 Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-MRS) study
Authors: Singh Ujjwal , Das Basudeb , Khanra Sourav , Roy Chandramouli 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Research on glutamate (Glu) in schizophrenia has so far been inconclusive. Based on preclinical studies on Glu lactate interaction, researchers have now focused on brain lactate level as a sign of major pathology, including cognitive dysfunctions in the brain. Our study aimed to examine changes at resting and activated states in brain lactate and Glu–glutamine (Glx) at the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in schizophrenia.

Methods:
A hospital-based prospective study was conducted with twenty-two male cases of schizophrenia and matched healthy controls (HCs). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Stroop tasks were administered among patients. Brain lactate and Glx at ACC were measured at resting state and during the Stroop test with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) both at baseline and at remission and once among HC.

Result:
Though MoCA scores improved significantly (P < 0.001) at remission from baseline among cases, repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) did not find a significant time effect for Glx (P = 0.82) and lactate (P = 0.30) among cases from baseline to remission. Glx and lactate changed differently from baseline to remission.

Conclusion:
Our study did not find significant differences in Glx and lactate between schizophrenia patients and HC. No significant time effect on Glx and lactate was observed from baseline to remission among schizophrenia cases. Different changes observed in Glx and lactate from baseline to remission require replication in future studies with larger sample size, longer follow-up period, and multivoxel MR assessment.
A qualitative study to assess satisfaction with the Manipal model of telepsychiatry among patients and caregivers
Authors: Shetty Sumalatha R. , Vaddar Thippeswamy , Munoli Ravindra N. 
Published: January 2024

Context:
Telepsychiatry in India is nearly two decades old and is witnessing rapid adaptation in clinical services. This warrants studying the satisfaction with this mode from healthcare seekers’ point of view.

Aim:
This study aimed to study the treatment satisfaction among persons with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers receiving telepsychiatry services via the Manipal model.

Settings and Design:
This was a qualitative cross-sectional study conducted in three centers, which were part of the Manipal model of telepsychiatry, namely community healthcare centers at Hebri, community healthcare centers at Byndoor, and primary healthcare center (PHC) at Kandlur of Udupi District.

Methods and Material:
Semi-structured interview schedule and focused group discussions were conducted to assess the treatment satisfaction.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics were used to analyze sociodemographic data, and data generated from focused group discussions were qualitatively analyzed. Collected data were coded, and themes were generated from the codes.

Results:
A total of 45 persons with psychiatric disorders and 28 of the caregivers receiving telepsychiatry services were recruited into this study. Results revealed high satisfaction among patients and caregivers with telepsychiatry services provided to them. Qualitative results of this study revealed high satisfaction among patients and caregivers with telepsychiatry services in different domains such as time, cost of treatment, convenience, doctor–patient communication, and healthcare quality.

Conclusion:
This study witnessed that patients and caregivers were highly satisfied with telepsychiatry services provided to them. These findings clearly indicate the importance of telepsychiatry services in the country, where the concept of telepsychiatry and its practice is rising.
Effects of Meditative Practices on Academic Stress and Resilience of Ninth-graders
Authors: Kaur Ramanjeet , Sharma Latika 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Rising stress levels among students in the current era of cutthroat competition are a cause of concern, and one of the major reasons for this rising stress is to excel in academics. Academic stress negatively impacts the lives of students, which raises an utmost need to control this stress among students. With a decrease in stress, there is also a necessity to make them able to bear stress up to some extent, i.e. to make them resilient. Meditative practices are considered effective in reducing stress among students, and these also led to improvements in resilience among practitioners. These studies served as a base for executing meditative practices as an intervention for the current study.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of meditative practices on the academic stress and resilience of ninth-graders.

Settings and Design:
A nonequivalent pretest–posttest control group design was used. The school was chosen using purposive sampling, and the experiment was conducted on ninth-class students; the intact sections of the class were randomly assigned as the experimental and control groups for the purpose.

Materials and Methods:
The Academic Stress Scale by Chavhan and the Resilience Scale by Kaur were administered for the assessment of academic stress and resilience.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the gain scores of the experimental and control groups for academic stress and resilience. The rank biserial correlation was done to calculate the effect sizes.

Results:
Academic stress was significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group at the time of the posttest; however, no significant improvements were observed on the scale of resilience among the students of the intervention group compared to the control group at the time of the posttest.

Conclusions:
Meditative practices can be appraised as a valuable tool for the reduction of academic stress among students and that does not cost a penny. More intensive and long practices may be needed for the improvement of resilience among ninth-class students.
A Scoping Review of Clinical Approach and Personalized Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Mana Nileena Namboodiripad Kakkattu , Dhamodaran Gomathi , Balan Ashok Kumar , Varadarajan Vivekanand Vishnampettai , Ramakrishnan Nagarajan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common yet frequently underdiagnosed. It not only impairs the sleep quality but also associated with multiple comorbidities. This review article aims at providing an update on the diagnosis and management of OSA through a personalized approach. The prevalence of OSA is more in males than premenopausal females (almost 3:1–5:1) and this equalises after menopause. History taking in OSA should focus not only on symptoms such as snoring, choking, dryness of mouth, and daytime somnolence but also on comorbidities. Various options and levels of polysomnography are currently available and newer options being explored to make OSA assessment more simpler, accessible, and feasible. Traditional approach included assessment of oropharyngeal anatomy, pulmonary system, and anthropometry. Alternatively, personalized approach involves scoring based on Pcrit, Arousal threshold, Loop gain and Muscle responsiveness (PALM Scale) scale and offering customized options for the management. In addition to newer modalities in surgical approach to OSA, promising results have been noted with medical therapy with Solriamfetol and Dronabinol. OSA in children has been linked with various comorbidities and is notably different from adult OSA. With the increasing literature on various endophenotypes of OSA, the onus is on the physician to evaluate the patient and categorize appropriately for personalized treatment.
Total laparoscopic curative resection of a rare pan-necrotic solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor in a child
Authors: Pal Kamalesh , Shukla Deepti , Pal Aniket , Pal Ankita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Tumor necrosis is purportedly related to an aggressive tumor phenotype in few solid tumors such as pancreatic ductal carcinoma, breast and bladder carcinomas. We hereby report a unique pan-necrotic (98% of tumor) pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor in a 13-year-old child who underwent laparoscopic subtotal pancreatectomy and curative resection. To our knowledge, this is the first account of complete tumor necrosis in a pancreatic neoplasm with curative laparoscopic resection. This case report has discussed the literary background of various mechanisms of cell death in solid tumors to explain the plausible cause of unique pan-tumor necrosis.
Association of pentraxin in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ilango Paavai , Mahendra Jaideep , Mahendra Little , Cherian Sanjay M. , Suresh Vasugi , Mahalingam Arulpari , Khanna V. Vinoth , Thanigaimalai Abirami 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a biomarker, associated with the pathogenesis of Periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) individually, but their role in patients with both diseases remains unclear. The current study aims to evaluate the association of PTX in patients with concomitant periodontitis and CAD.

Materials and Methods:
In a case–control study, 240 participants were selected and divided into four groups. Nonperiodontitis + noncardiac = 60 patients, periodontitis + noncardiac (P + NC) = 60 patients, nonperiodontitis + cardiac (NP + C) = 60 patients, periodontitis + cardiac (P + C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. PTX was evaluated in the subgingival plaque and atheromatous plaque samples using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Among the demographic variables, age showed a significant difference between the groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP + C and P + C groups (P ≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were significantly higher in P + NC and P + C groups (P ≤ 0.05). PTX was significantly elevated in P + C group (P = 0.000). Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant correlation between the periodontal parameters and PTX in both the cardiac and oral samples.

Conclusion:
PTX3 levels were elevated in CAD patients with periodontitis suggesting the influence of periodontal inflammation in the progression of CAD. PTX3 may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for both periodontitis and CAD. This study could provide an understanding and awareness about the potential role of PTX3 in both periodontitis and CAD.
Influence of implant design and length on stress distribution in immediately loaded implants in posterior maxilla – A two-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Singh Rika , Desai Shrikar R. , Manjunath R. G. Shiva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this two dimensional (2D) finite element analysis study was to evaluate the influence of implant design (step and tapered) and length on stress distribution at bone implant interface, when placed in maxillary posterior bone under immediate loading protocol.

Materials and Methods:
2D finite element models were developed to simulate the two types of implant designs, i.e., Tapered and step implants of 3.75-mm – Diameter and 6 and 10 mm lengths, respectively. Maxillary posterior bone quality (D4 bone) was simulated with a very thin cortical bone (0.5 mm) for the placement of implants. The respective material properties were assigned. The implant designs incorporated microthreads at the crestal part and rest of the implant body incorporated Acme threads. Forces of 100 Newtons were applied vertically and in oblique direction (at an angle of 45°) to long axis of the implants. Total deformation (micromovements), stresses and strains were evaluated at the bone implant interface.

Results:
The results of micromovements, stresses and strains were found to be lower for long implants as compared to short implants. Also, all the values were found to be higher for oblique loads as compared to vertical loads. The von mises stress values were highest for 6 mm step implants and lowest for 10 mm step implants.

Conclusion:
In the presence of low bone density with optimal bone height, standard diameter long step implants can be used. Incorporation of microthreads at the crestal portion and acme threads for body portion of the implant presents a good option to be used under immediate loading protocol.
Comparing the effectiveness of water flosser and dental floss in plaque reduction among adults: A systematic review
Authors: Mohapatra Subhashree , Rajpurohit Ladusingh , Mohandas Rahul , Patil Sujeet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Interdental aids such as dental floss and water flossers have been found to be effective in removing interdental plaque. This systematic review aimed to compare the available data on the efficacy of dental floss and water flossers in plaque removal among adults.

Materials and Methods:
Five databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Lilac, and Google Scholar were searched from January 1, 2002, to October 31, 2022, to obtain the relevant articles. Based on the search strategy, the titles of the studies were screened independently by two reviewers. Randomized controlled trials were included in the review, in which the study participants were given either dental floss or water flosser. Reduction in plaque scores was the outcome that was assessed. Seven articles met the eligibility criteria and were further processed for qualitative analysis.

Results:
The majority of the studies favored water flossers over dental floss in plaque reduction. Water flosser was also found to be effective in removing plaque from inaccessible interproximal areas of the tooth surfaces as compared to dental floss.

Conclusion:
Based on the scope of this review, results suggest that water flossers can be used as an effective alternative to dental floss in patients with manual dexterity, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and patients with dental prostheses.
Actinomycosis of periodontium, mimicking gingival enlargement – A case report and its management
Authors: Jeyasree Renganath Murugan , Muthuraj Thamil Selvan , Usha Gomakumar Kanakasabhapathi , Raja Jacob 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gingival abscess is a localized, acute inflammatory lesion which is caused by various factors that include microbial plaque infection, foreign body impaction, and trauma. Management includes a simple incision and draining of the purulent exudate along with systemic antibiotics in most of the cases. This article reports a case of a 16-year-old female patient, with a chief complaint of painful and swollen gums in her lower right front tooth region of the jaw along with fever for the past 5 days. Emergency treatment of abscess drainage was done on day 1. On 5th day of review, the case presented with persistent signs of gingival inflammation in relation to 43 to 41. Considering the provisional diagnosis as dentigerous cyst with persistent gingival abscess, definitive treatment was performed by transalveolar extraction of the impacted canine and debridement of the osseous lesion. The histologic analysis of the lesion exhibited foci of eosinophilic coagulum-like areas with epicentric and radiating filamentous appearance at the periphery, which is suggestive of an inflamed dentigerous cyst with actinomycosis infection of periodontium.
Clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis in patients with laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Chu-Ying , Lin Jian-An , Ye Kai 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
With the increasing incidence of proximal gastric cancer, laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy has been applied. However, reflux esophagitis often occurs after traditional esophagogastric anastomosis. In order to solve this problem, several methods of digestive tract reconstruction have emerged, but the most satisfying method remains to be discussed. Therefore, we modified traditional Kamikawa anastomosis to investigate the appropriate digestive tract reconstruction in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.
AIM
To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.
METHODS
A retrospective case series was adopted. Clinicopathological data were collected from 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and modified Kamikawa anastomosis at our hospital from January 2020 to September 2022. The operation conditions, postoperative recovery, postoperative complications, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
All the patients were successfully operated on without conversion to laparotomy. The duration of operation and digestive tract reconstruction were 203.500 (150-224) min and 87.500 (73-111) min, respectively. The intraoperative amount of bleeding was 20.500 mL ± 0.696 mL. The time of postoperative first flatus, the first postoperative fluid intake, and the postoperative length of stay were 2 (1-3) d, 4 (3-5) d, and 9 (8-10) d, respectively. All the patients were followed up for 12-23 months. The body mass index at 6 and 12 months after surgery were 22.577 kg/m2 ± 3.098 kg/m2 and 22.594 kg/m2 ± 3.207 kg/m2, respectively. The nutrition risk screening 2002 score, the patient-generated subjective global assessment score, and the gastroesophageal reflux disease scale score were good at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis were not observed in any of the patients during their 12-month postoperative gastroscopy or upper gastrointestinal tract visits. All the patients exhibited no tumor recurrence or metastasis.
CONCLUSION
The modified Kamikawa anastomosis is safe and feasible for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and has good antireflux effects and nutritional status.