bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Life’ of dust originating from the irregular satellites of Jupiter
Authors: Chen Zhenghan , Yang Kun , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The irregular satellites of Jupiter produce dust particles through the impact of interplanetary micrometeoroids. In this paper, the dynamics of these particles is studied by both high-accuracy numerical simulation and analytical theory, in order to learn their transport, final fate, and spatial distribution. The perturbation forces that are considered in our dynamical model include the solar radiation pressure, solar gravity, Poynting–Robertson drag, Jovian oblateness, and the Galilean satellites’ gravity. The trajectories of different size particles are simulated until they hit Jupiter, the Galilean satellites, or escape from the Jovian system. The average dynamical lifetimes of dust with different grain sizes are calculated, and the final fate of dust particles is reported and analysed. The steady-state spatial number density of particles is estimated by integrating the trajectories of dust particles over their initial size distribution, and compared to the previous work. The impact sites of dust on Callisto’s surface are recorded and provide an important clue for the study of the hemisphere asymmetry of Callisto. Besides, the mass accretion rate, cross-sectional area influx, and mass influx density of dust on Callisto are calculated. A ring outside the orbit of Callisto dominated by dust between 2 and 25 µm from Jupiter’s irregular satellites is suggested, with the average normal geometric optical depth of the order of 10−8 and the configuration of the ring ansae similar to Jupiter’s gossamer rings.
Galaxies decomposition with spiral arms – I: 29 galaxies from S4G
Authors: Chugunov Ilia V , Marchuk Alexander A , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Savchenko Sergey S , Shishkina Ekaterina V , Chazov Maxim I , Nazarova Aleksandra E , Skryabina Maria N , Smirnova Polina I , Smirnov Anton A 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Spiral structure can occupy a significant part of the galaxy, but properly accounting for it in photometric decomposition is rarely done. This may lead to significant errors in the parameters determined. To estimate how exactly neglecting the presence of spiral arms affects the estimation of galaxy decomposition parameters, we perform fitting of 29 galaxies considering spiral arms as a separate component. In this study, we utilize 3.6 μm-band images from the S4G survey and use a new 2D photometric model where each spiral arm is modelled independently. In our model, the light distribution both along and across the arm and its overall shape can be varied significantly. We analyse the differences between models with and without spiral arms, and show that neglecting spiral arms in decomposition causes errors in estimating the parameters of the disc, the bulge, and the bar. We retrieve different parameters of the spiral arms themselves, including their pitch angles, widths, and spiral-to-total luminosity ratio, and examine various relations between them and other galaxy parameters. In particular, we find that the spiral-to-total ratio is higher for galaxies with more luminous discs and with higher bulge-to-total ratios. We report that the pitch angle of spiral arms decreases with increasing bulge or bar fraction. We measure the width of the spiral arms to be 53 per cent of the disc scale length, on average. We examine the contribution of the spiral arms to the azimuthally averaged brightness profile and find that spiral arms produce a ‘bump’ on this profile with a typical height of 0.3–0.7 mag.
HetFCM: functional co-module discovery by heterogeneous network co-clustering
Authors: Tan Haojiang , Guo Maozu , Chen Jian , Wang Jun , Yu Guoxian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFunctional molecular module (i.e., gene–miRNA co-modules and gene–miRNA–lncRNA triple-layer modules) analysis can dissect complex regulations underlying etiology or phenotypes. However, current module detection methods lack an appropriate usage and effective model of multi-omics data and cross-layer regulations of heterogeneous molecules, causing the loss of critical genetic information and corrupting the detection performance. In this study, we propose a heterogeneous network co-clustering framework (HetFCM) to detect functional co-modules. HetFCM introduces an attributed heterogeneous network to jointly model interplays and multi-type attributes of different molecules, and applies multiple variational graph autoencoders on the network to generate cross-layer association matrices, then it performs adaptive weighted co-clustering on association matrices and attribute data to identify co-modules of heterogeneous molecules. Empirical study on Human and Maize datasets reveals that HetFCM can find out co-modules characterized with denser topology and more significant functions, which are associated with human breast cancer (subtypes) and maize phenotypes (i.e., lipid storage, drought tolerance and oil content). HetFCM is a useful tool to detect co-modules and can be applied to multi-layer functional modules, yielding novel insights for analyzing molecular mechanisms. We also developed a user-friendly module detection and analysis tool and shared it at http://www.sdu-idea.cn/FMDTool.
Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Nicotine e-Cigarette Inhalation in Female Rats
Authors: Roeder Nicole M , Mihalkovic Abrianna , Richardson Brittany J , Penman Samantha L , Novalen Maria , Hammond Nikki , Eiden Rina , Khokhar Jibran Y , Tyndale Rachel F , Thanos Panayotis K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Nicotine and tobacco use remain high both globally and in the United States, contributing to large health care expenditures. With a rise in e-cigarette use, it is important to have clinically relevant models of inhaled nicotine exposure.

Aims and Methods
This study aims to extend prior preclinical nicotine inhalation animal data to females and provide both behavior and serum pharmacokinetics. We tested two inhalation doses of nicotine (24 mg/mL and 59 mg/ mL) and compared these to injected doses (0.4 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg). In addition, we assessed locomotor behavior after the same doses. Blood was collected at 10- and 120-minutes post-administration. We assessed nicotine and cotinine serum concentrations by LC–MS/MS.

Results
Showed that while nicotine serum concentrations for the respective high and low-dose administrations were similar between both routes of administration, the route had differential effects on locomotor behavior. Inhaled nicotine showed a dose-dependent decrease in locomotor activity while injected doses showed the opposite trend.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that the route of administration is an important factor when establishing preclinical models of nicotine exposures. Given that the overall use of e-cigarettes in vulnerable populations is on the rise, our study provides important behavioral and pharmacokinetic information to advance our currently limited understanding of the effects of nicotine vapor exposure.

Implications
This study highlights behavioral differences between different routes of administration of similar doses of nicotine. Using a low and high dose of nicotine, we found that nicotine serum concentrations were similar between the different routes of administration. Our results indicate that different routes of administration have opposing effects on locomotor activity. These findings provide important implications for future behavioral models.
First-Generation Cephalosporins for Treatment of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Children: A Study of Efficacy and Adverse Effects
Authors: Hiskey Lisa , Saifuddin Hiba , Levy Emily R , Hentz Roland , Rajapakse Nipunie S , Dinnes Laura M , Ristagno Elizabeth H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a relatively infrequent but significant infection in pediatric patients. As Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of AHO, intravenous and oral first-generation cephalosporins are common therapies. Cephalexin is a commonly prescribed oral therapy for pediatric AHO, although it requires frequent dosing that may affect adherence. Cefadroxil is a comparable oral first-generation cephalosporin with a more desirable dosing schedule.

Methods
We reviewed pediatric patients admitted to Mayo Clinic between March 2002 and September 2020 for management of AHO who received treatment with a first-generation cephalosporin. We reviewed timing of oral therapy transition, therapy-associated adverse effects, and recurrence of disease after completion of therapy.

Results
There were 59 patients included in the study. There was similar occurrence of adverse effects in patients receiving cefadroxil and cephalexin, although use of cefadroxil coincided with more gastrointestinal adverse effects and leukopenia and use of cephalexin with more rash and neutropenia. One secondary treatment failure occurred in our study, in a patient receiving cephalexin for treatment of septic arthritis.

Conclusions
Cefadroxil may be a reasonable alternative oral therapy for methicillin-susceptible S aureus or culture-negative AHO in pediatric patients, particularly when a less frequent dosing schedule is desired. Future study with a larger sample size is warranted.
Creating a Low-Stimulus Clinic to improve immunization success rates for children with alternate environment needs: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: McDonald Megan , Gallaugher Shauna , Kammerer Elise , Ali Samina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Patients with specific sensory needs may face barriers to receiving their immunizations. Therefore, a Low-Stimulus Clinic was created in Alberta. Modifications to regular clinic space included lower visual and auditory input, access to longer appointment times and private clinic spaces, development of pre-appointment comfort plans, and offering of in-vehicle immunization. Between April 2021 and May 2022, 90% (641/712) of booked patients were successfully immunized. The top reasons for accessing the clinic included autism spectrum disorder (229/712, 32%), and needle fear/phobia (195/712, 27%). The Low-Stimulus Clinic had a high rate of successful vaccination for populations that may otherwise have been less likely to receive immunizations. Its workflows support the principles of choice, collaboration, and control in creating a positive immunization experience for patients and their families. Having such clinics widely available is a key step in reducing barriers to accessing vaccines for individuals with specific sensory needs.
A high-resolution gene expression map of the medial and lateral domains of the gynoecium of Arabidopsis
Authors: Luna-García Valentín , Bernal Gallardo Judith Jazmin , Rethoret-Pasty Martin , Pasha Asher , Provart Nicholas J , de Folter Stefan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Angiosperms are characterized by the formation of flowers, and in their inner floral whorl, one or various gynoecia are produced. These female reproductive structures are responsible for fruit and seed production, thus ensuring the reproductive competence of angiosperms. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the gynoecium is composed of two fused carpels with different tissues that need to develop and differentiate to form a mature gynoecium and thus the reproductive competence of Arabidopsis. For these reasons, they have become the object of study for floral and fruit development. However, due to the complexity of the gynoecium, specific spatio-temporal tissue expression patterns are still scarce. In this study, we used precise laser-assisted microdissection and high-throughput RNA sequencing to describe the transcriptional profiles of the medial and lateral domain tissues of the Arabidopsis gynoecium. We provide evidence that the method used is reliable and that, in addition to corroborating gene expression patterns of previously reported regulators of these tissues, we found genes whose expression dynamics point to being involved in cytokinin and auxin homeostasis and in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, based on differential gene expression analyses, we functionally characterized several genes and found that they are involved in gynoecium development. This resource is available via the Arabidopsis eFP browser and will serve the community in future studies on developmental and reproductive biology.
Deep learning approaches to the phylogenetic placement of extinct pollen morphotypes
Authors: Adaïmé Marc-Élie , Kong Shu , Punyasena Surangi W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The phylogenetic interpretation of pollen morphology is limited by our inability to recognize the evolutionary history embedded in pollen features. Deep learning offers tools for connecting morphology to phylogeny. Using neural networks, we developed an explicitly phylogenetic toolkit for analyzing the overall shape, internal structure, and texture of a pollen grain. Our analysis pipeline determines whether testing specimens are from known species based on uncertainty estimates. Features from specimens with uncertain taxonomy are passed to a multilayer perceptron network trained to transform these features into predicted phylogenetic distances from known taxa. We used these predicted distances to place specimens in a phylogeny using Bayesian inference. We trained and evaluated our models using optical superresolution micrographs of 30 extant Podocarpus species. We then used trained models to place nine fossil Podocarpidites specimens within the phylogeny. In doing so, we demonstrate that the phylogenetic history encoded in pollen morphology can be recognized by neural networks and that deep-learned features can be used in phylogenetic placement. Our approach makes extinction and speciation events that would otherwise be masked by the limited taxonomic resolution of the fossil pollen record visible to palynological analysis.
Intradiscal inflammatory stimulation induces spinal pain behavior and intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo
Authors: Lisiewski Lauren E. , Jacobsen Hayley E. , Viola Dan C. M. , Kenawy Hagar M. , Kiridly Daniel N. , Chahine Nadeen O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDegeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) results in a range of symptomatic (i.e., painful) and asymptomatic experiences. Components of the degenerative environment, including structural disruption and inflammatory cytokine production, often correlate with pain severity. However, the role of inflammation in the activation of pain and degenerative changes has been complex to delineate. The most common IVD injury model is puncture; however, it initiates structural damage that is not representative of the natural degenerative cascade. In this study, we utilized in vivo injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro‐inflammatory stimulus, into rat caudal IVDs using 33G needles to induce inflammatory activation without the physical tissue disruption caused by puncture using larger needles. LPS injection increased gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (Tnfa, Il1b) and macrophage markers (Inos, Arg1), supported by immunostaining of macrophages (CD68, CCR7, Arg1) and systemic changes in blood cytokine and chemokine levels. Disruption of the IVD structural integrity after LPS injection was also evident through changes in histological grading, disc height, and ECM biochemistry. Ultimately, intradiscal inflammatory stimulation led to local mechanical hyperalgesia, demonstrating that pain can be initiated by inflammatory stimulation of the IVD. Gene expression of nociceptive markers (Ngf, Bdnf, Cgrp) and immunostaining for neuron ingrowth (PGP9.5) and sensitization (CGRP) in the IVD were also shown, suggesting a mechanism for the pain exhibited. To our knowledge, this rat IVD injury model is the first to demonstrate local pain behavior resulting from inflammatory stimulation of caudal IVDs. Future studies will examine the mechanistic contributions of inflammation in mediating pain.
In Vitro Model of Prepacked Carbon Dioxide Absorber Use: Development and Testing
Authors: Jouwena Jennifer , Verbeke Delphine , De Wolf Andre M. , Neyrinck Arne , Hendrickx Jan F. A. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Carbon dioxide absorbers allow the use of fresh gas flow below minute ventilation (

). Models are developed and tested in vitro to quantify their performance with variable carbon dioxide load (

), fresh gas flow,

, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco
2) fraction, and the type of workstation used.

Methods
First principles are used to derive a linear relationship between fresh gas flow and fractional canister usage or FCU0.5 (the reciprocal of the time for the inspiratory carbon dioxide fraction to reach 0.5%). This forms the basis for two basic models in which

was measured by spirometry or calculated. These models were extended by multiplying

with an empirical workstation factor. To validate the four models, two hypotheses were tested. To test whether the FCU0.5 intercept varied proportionally with

and was independent of

, FCU was measured for 10 canisters tested with a fixed 0.3 l/min fresh gas flow and a range of

while

was either constant or adjusted to maintain ETco
2 fraction. A t test was used to compare the two groups. To confirm whether a change in

accompanied by a change in

to maintain ETco
2 fraction would shift the linear fresh gas flow–FCU0.5 relationship in a parallel manner, 19 canisters were tested with different combinations of

and fresh gas flow. These measured FCU values were compared to those predicted by the four models using Varvel’s performance criteria.

Results
With 0.3 l/min fresh gas flow, FCU0.5 was proportional with

and independent of whether

was adjusted to maintain ETco
2 fraction or not (P = 0.962). The hypothesized parallel shift of the fresh gas flow–FCU0.5 relationship was confirmed. Both extended models are good candidate models.

Conclusions
The models predict prepacked canister performance in vitro over the range of

, fresh gas flow, and

likely to be encountered in routine clinical practice. In vivo validation is still needed.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Feasibility of Prone Positioning for Brain-injured Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Pilot Study (ProBrain)
Authors: Elmaleh Yoann , Yavchitz Amélie , Léguillier Teddy , Squara Pierre-Alexandre , Palpacuer Clément , Grégoire Charles 
Published: December 2023

Background
Prone position is a key component to treat hypoxemia in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, most studies evaluating it exclude patients with brain injuries without any medical evidence.

Methods
This study includes a systematic review to determine whether brain-injured patients were excluded in studies evaluating prone position on acute respiratory distress syndrome; a prospective study including consecutive brain-injured patients needing prone position. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of cerebral blood flow using transcranial Doppler after prone positioning. Secondary outcomes were intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and tissue oxygen pressure.

Results
From 8,183 citations retrieved, 120 studies were included in the systematic review. Among them, 90 studies excluded brain-injured patients (75%) without any justification, 16 included brain-injured patients (4 randomized, 7 nonrandomized studies, 5 retrospective), and 14 did not retrieve brain-injured data. Eleven patients were included in the authors’ pilot study. No reduction of cerebral blood flow surrogates was observed during prone positioning, with diastolic speed values (mean ± SD) ranging from 37.7 ± 16.2 cm/s to 45.2 ± 19.3 cm/s for the right side (P = 0.897) and 39.6 ± 18.2 cm/s to 46.5 ± 21.3 cm/s for the left side (P = 0.569), and pulsatility index ranging from 1.14 ± 0.31 to 1.0 ± 0.32 for the right side (P = 0.145) and 1.14 ± 0.31 to 1.02 ± 0.2 for the left side (P = 0.564) before and during prone position.

Conclusions
Brain-injured patients are largely excluded from studies evaluating prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, cerebral blood flow seems not to be altered considering increasing of mean arterial pressure during the session. Systematic exclusion of brain-injured patients appears to be unfounded, and prone position, while at risk in brain-injured patients, should be evaluated on these patients to review recommendations, considering close monitoring of neurologic and hemodynamic parameters.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Effect of Automated Real-Time Feedback on Early-Sepsis Care: A Pragmatic Clinical Trial*
Authors: Leisman Daniel E. , Deng Hao , Lee Andy H. , Flynn Micah H. , Rutkey Hayley , Copenhaver Martin S. , Gay Elizabeth A. , Dutta Sayon , McEvoy Dustin S. , Dunham Lisette N. , Mort Elizabeth A. , Lucier David J. , Sonis Jonathan D. , Aaronson Emily L. , Hibbert Kathryn A. , Safavi Kyan C. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To determine if a real-time monitoring system with automated clinician alerts improves 3-hour sepsis bundle adherence.

DESIGN:
Prospective, pragmatic clinical trial. Allocation alternated every 7 days.

SETTING:
Quaternary hospital from December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021.

PATIENTS:
Adult emergency department or inpatients meeting objective sepsis criteria triggered an electronic medical record (EMR)-embedded best practice advisory. Enrollment occurred when clinicians acknowledged the advisory indicating they felt sepsis was likely.

INTERVENTION:
Real-time automated EMR monitoring identified suspected sepsis patients with incomplete bundle measures within 1-hour of completion deadlines and generated reminder pages. Clinicians responsible for intervention group patients received reminder pages; no pages were sent for controls. The primary analysis cohort was the subset of enrolled patients at risk of bundle nonadherent care that had reminder pages generated.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary outcome was orders for all 3-hour bundle elements within guideline time limits. Secondary outcomes included guideline-adherent delivery of all 3-hour bundle elements, 28-day mortality, antibiotic discontinuation within 48-hours, and pathogen recovery from any culture within 7 days of time-zero. Among 3,269 enrolled patients, 1,377 had reminder pages generated and were included in the primary analysis. There were 670 (48.7%) at-risk patients randomized to paging alerts and 707 (51.3%) to control. Bundle-adherent orders were placed for 198 intervention patients (29.6%) versus 149 (21.1%) controls (difference: 8.5%; 95% CI, 3.9–13.1%; p = 0.0003). Bundle-adherent care was delivered for 152 (22.7%) intervention versus 121 (17.1%) control patients (difference: 5.6%; 95% CI, 1.4–9.8%; p = 0.0095). Mortality was similar between groups (8.4% vs 8.3%), as were early antibiotic discontinuation (35.1% vs 33.4%) and pan-culture negativity (69.0% vs 68.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Real-time monitoring and paging alerts significantly increased orders for and delivery of guideline-adherent care for suspected sepsis patients at risk of 3-hour bundle nonadherence. The trial was underpowered to determine whether adherence affected mortality. Despite enrolling patients with clinically suspected sepsis, early antibiotic discontinuation and pan-culture negativity were common, highlighting challenges in identifying appropriate patients for sepsis bundle application.