bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of outcome in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Jubran Rima F. , Marachelian Araz , Dorey Frederick , Malogolowkin Marcio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundOur goal was to examine the clinical course of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), with a special emphasis on bone disease and to attempt to identify and examine the factors that may predict reactivation and overall prognosis.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 132 consecutive pediatric patients treated at Children's Hospital Los Angeles for LCH from 1984 to 2001.ResultsThe risk for reactivation after initial management is significantly higher for patients with multiple bone and those with multiple organ involvement as compared with patients who had a single bone lesion (hazard ratios are 7.1 and 11.6). Patients younger than 1 year in the multiple organ group have an increased risk of death at 2 years when compared with the older patients in that group (hazard ration = 6.2, P = 0.022). Endocrine abnormalities were seen in 20% and 7.5% of patients with or without skull lesions respectively.ConclusionsPatients with LCH involving only the bones have a significantly better outcome than those with other organ involvement. Patients with multiple organ involvement who are less than 1 year of age are at high risk of death and should be approached more aggressively upfront. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:37–42. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of platinum‐terminated dendritic carbosilane
Authors: Li Chun‐Fang , Li Dong‐Xiang , Feng Sheng‐Yu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCarbosilane dendrimers with peripheral allyl groups were synthesized from methyltrichlorosilane, allyl chloride and magnesium, and were then functionalized by binding aminopropyl groups. Periphery platinated complexes were synthesized from chloroplatinic acid and carbosilane dendrimers with aminopropyl groups. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, GC‐MS, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of novel dendritic (arborescent, hyperbranched) polyisobutylene–polystyrene block copolymers
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Kwon Yongmoon , Antony Prince , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of novel arborescent (arb; randomly branched, “tree‐like,” and often called “hyperbranched”) block copolymers comprised of rubbery polyisobutylene (PIB) and glassy polystyrene (PSt) blocks (arb‐PIB‐b‐PSt) is described. The syntheses were accomplished by the use of arb‐PIB macroinitiators (prepared by the use of 4‐(2‐methoxyisopropyl) styrene inimer) in conjunction with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The effect of reaction conditions on blocking of St from arb‐PIB was investigated. Purified block copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). arb‐PIB‐b‐PSt with 11.7–33.8 wt % PSt and Mn = 468,800–652,900 g/mol displayed thermoplastic elastomeric properties with 3.6–8.7 MPa tensile strength and 950–1830% elongation. Samples with 26.8–33.8 wt % PSt were further characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), which showed phase‐separated mixed spherical/cylindrical/lamellar PSt phases irregularly distributed within the continuous PIB phase. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and solvent swelling of arb‐PIB‐b‐PSt revealed unique characteristics, in comparison with a semicommercial PSt‐b‐PIB‐b‐PSt block copolymer. The number of aromatic branching points of the arb‐PIB macroinitiator, determined by selective destruction of the linking sites, agreed well with that calculated from equilibrium swelling data of arb‐PIB‐b‐PSt. This method for the quantitative determination of branching sites might be generally applicable for arborescent polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1811–1826, 2005
Alkaline and enzymatic degradation of L‐lactide copolymers. II. Crystallized films of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D‐lactide) and poly(L‐lactide) with similar crystallinities
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Tezuka Yasufumi , Yamada Kazunobu 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFilms of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐D‐lactide) [P(LLA‐DLA); 95/5] and poly(L‐lactide) [i.e., poly(L‐lactide acid) (PLLA)] were prepared by crystallization from the melt, and a comparative study of the crystallization effects on the alkaline and proteinase K catalyzed hydrolysis of the films was carried out. The hydrolyzed films were investigated with gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, polarimetry, and gel permeation chromatography, and the results were compared with those reported for amorphous‐made specimens. The alkaline hydrolyzability of the P(LLA‐DLA) (95/5) and PLLA films was determined solely by the initial crystallinity (Xc) and was not affected by the content of the incorporated D‐lactide (DLA) unit in the polymer chain; this was in marked contrast to the fact that the enzymatic hydrolyzability depended on not only the initial Xc value but also the DLA unit content. The alkaline hydrolysis rate of the P(LLA‐DLA) (95/5) and PLLA films and the enzymatic hydrolysis rate (REH) of the P(LLA‐DLA) (95/5) films decreased linearly as the initial Xc value increased. This meant that the hydrolyzability of the restricted amorphous regions was very similar to that of the free amorphous regions. In contrast, REH of the PLLA films decreased nonlinearly with the initial Xc value, and this nonlinear dependence was caused by the fact that in the PLLA films the restricted amorphous regions were much more hydrolysis‐resistant than the free amorphous regions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1064‐1075, 2005
Computational identification of proteins for selectivity assays
Authors: Yoon Sukjoon , Smellie Andrew , Hartsough David , Filikov Anton 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAt the stage of optimization of a chemical series the compounds are normally assayed for binding or inhibition on the target protein as well as on several proteins from a selectivity panel. These proteins are normally identified on the basis of sequence homology to the target protein. Experimental selectivity data are also taken into account if available. Cases when a nonhomologous protein has a significant affinity to the compound series are going to be missed if the selectivity panel is identified by homology. Experimental data is usually either unavailable or limited to a small fraction of proteins that should be considered. We have developed a computational method of identification of selectivity panel proteins. It is based on the evaluation of binding site similarity to the target protein using docking scores of target‐selected molecular probes. These probes are obtained by docking a large library of drug‐like compounds to the target protein followed by selecting a diverse subset from the best virtual binders. Docking scores of these probes to other proteins measure binding site similarity to the target. Because the method does not require prior knowledge of either affinities or structures of inhibitors for the target, it can be applied to any protein with known 3D structure. Validation of the method includes rediscovery of nonhomologous proteins that bind common ligands: estradiol, tamoxifen, and riboflavin. Given 3D structures, the method can effectively discriminate proteins with similar binding sites from random proteins independent of sequence homology. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dropped Gallstones During Laparoscopic Cholesystectomy: The Consequences
Authors: Tumer Ali Riza , Yüksek Yunus Nadi , Yasti Ahmet Cinar , Gözalan Ugur , Kama Nuri Aydin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractDuring laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gallbladder perforation has been reported, leading to bile leak and spillage of gallstones into the peritoneum. Because the consequences can be dangerous, conversion to laparotomy as an instant management for gallstone spillage is one of the topics of current discussion in laparoscopic cholesystectomy. In this article, we discussed the option of not converting to laparotomy after intraperitoneal gallstone spillage as an acceptable approach to management or not.A prospectively maintained database of 1528 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed during a 10‐year period at the 4th Surgical Clinic of The Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital was analyzed. Perforations resulting in gallstone spillage into the abdominal cavity were documented in 58 (3.8%) patients. Among those 58 patients seven (12%) experienced complications from retained stones. To maintain acceptable management of such patients, surgeons should inform each patient preoperatively that stones may be spilled. In the event of spillage, the patient should be informed postoperatively, and followed closely for complications. Follow‐up should not waste time and money with unnecessary examinations, and it should avoid psychological trauma to the patient with a wrong diagnosis of cancer as a stone may mimic cancer radiologically. Thus the surgeon should not hesitate to record the events and inform the patient about the spillage of the stones and possible consequences.
Jaundice at Presentation Heralds Advanced Disease and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Ampullary Carcinoma
Authors: Yokoyama Naoyuki , Shirai Yoshio , Wakai Toshifumi , Nagakura Shigenori , Akazawa Kohei , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractJaundice is a common manifestation of ampullary carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between jaundice at initial presentation and the degree of tumor spread and to determine the prognostic significance of jaundice in patients with ampullary carcinoma. Fifty‐nine patients who had undergone curative resection for ampullary carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Jaundice was defined as a total bilirubin serum concentration of ≥ 3 mg/dl. The median follow‐up time was 106 months. Jaundice was noted at the time of initial presentation in 43 (73%) patients. Jaundice at presentation correlated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001), lymphatic vessel invasion (p < 0.0001), invasion into the pancreas (p = 0.0007), and vascular invasion (p = 0.0487). Pancreatic invasion was absent in patients without jaundice. Superior mesenteric nodal involvement was more frequent in patients with jaundice (15/43) than in those without (0/16) (p = 0.0062). The survival of patients with jaundice (median survival 48 months; cumulative 10‐year survival rate 39%) was worse than for patients without jaundice (median survival time not available; cumulative 10‐year survival rate 86%) (p = 0.0014). In conclusion, jaundice at presentation predicts advanced‐stage ampullary carcinoma and a poor prognosis. Pancreatic invasion and superior mesenteric nodal involvement were not observed in nonjaundiced patients.
Impact of Reconstruction Methods on Outcome of Pancreatoduodenectomy in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Doi Ryuichiro , Fujimoto Koji , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Imamura Masayuki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLocal recurrence is one of the most frequent forms of pancreatic cancer recurrence, although local recurrence is rare for other periampullary cancers. Because the type of recurrence and outcome differ depending on the type of cancer, these factors should be considered when the type of reconstruction is chosen. Fifty‐four pancreatoduodenectomies were performed in patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas from 1994 to 2001. Billroth I reconstruction was performed in 27 consecutive patients before 1999, and thereafter Billroth II reconstruction was performed in another consecutive 27 patients. Postoperative nasogastric intubation and the duration before oral ingestion were longer for Billroth I patients than Billroth II patients. Seven complications occurred in Billroth I patients, whereas there were two complications in Billroth IIpatients. Disease‐free survival and overall survival were not different between the two groups; however, bypass operations were required in nine patients of the Billroth I group and in one patient of the Billroth II group. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangio‐drainage (PTCD) procedures were required in six patients of the Billroth I goup and in two patients of the Billroth II group. The Billroth II reconstruction may have some advantages over the Billroth I reconstruction in terms of postoperative oral ingestion and avoiding bypass surgery and PTCD at the time of recurrence.
Personality, identity styles, and religiosity: An integrative study among late and middle adolescents
Authors: Duriez Bart , Soenens Bart 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPast research has shown that the way people deal with religion is related to prejudice. Therefore, it is important to study the determinants of individual differences in adolescent religious attitudes. In the present study, it is proposed that both differences in personality and identity formation might determine these religious attitudes. Recently, Duriez, Soenens, and Beyers (2004, Journal of Personality, 72, 877–910) tested an integrative model of the Five Factor Model of personality, Berzonsky's (1990, Advances in Personal Construct Psychology, 1, 155–186) identity styles and the religiosity dimensions of Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In this model, it is assumed that the relationships between adolescent personality and adolescent religious attitudes are mediated by the identity styles. The aim was to replicate this model among late adolescents (Sample 1; ) and to test whether it extends to middle adolescence (Sample 2; ). Whereas most personality factors were weakly and inconsistently related to the religiosity dimensions, Openness to Experience was consistently positively related to Literal vs. Symbolic and negatively to Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence. Whereas the former relation was mediated by the informational identity style, the latter relation was mediated by the normative identity style in Sample 1 only.
Introduction: Italy in the EU—pigmy or giant?
Authors: Fabbrini Sergio , Piattoni Simona 
Published: March 2005

SummaryThis introductory article discusses the circumstances under which Italy manages to forge ‘national preferences’ and push them through the European policy-making process. Drawing from the analysis of several policy areas, it concludes that Italy plays a major policy-making role, particularly when it acts as mediator between large countries and small- and medium-sized ones, and when it argues its case according to policy- and EU-appropriate logics. While Italy may not have it ‘its way’ all the time (as no member-state does), it still manages to influence the EU policy-making process more frequently and more significantly than the literature has so far conceded.
Personal home pages as a resource
Authors: Narsesian Shant , Nicholas David 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo help determine the extent to which “unique” informational content is available on personal home pages (PHP) on the world wide web (WWW).Design/methodology/approachThe informational content of PHPs is manually compared with the informational content of non‐PHPs in the field of professional football in England. This produces instances of information which is available on the PHPs but not on the non‐PHPs. A search is then carried out to determine whether these pieces of information are available elsewhere on the web.FindingsThere are notable quantities of information which are only available on PHPs. There are also instances where certain information will be available on PHPs before it is available on non‐PHPs. In addition, the degree to which information on PHPs is correct is also likely to be quite high. These facts in conjunction suggest that PHPs as a whole make a notable contribution to the informational content of the WWW.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample data are limited in size and scope.Practical implicationsPHP visibility and utilization may increase.Originality/valueProvides a methodology for informational comparisons of web pages.
Impact of the internet on delivery of reference services in English public libraries
Authors: Jay Margaret , Webber Sheila 
Published: March 2005

PurposeAims to investigate the impact of the internet on reference services in public libraries in England.Design/methodology/approachA literature review provides the policy context for UK public library services and highlights developments in digital reference. A questionnaire was administered in 2003 to a sample of the public library authorities in England, investigating the use of the internet for receiving or answering reference enquiries, the use of electronic reference sources, and the nature of public library web sites.FindingsThirty responses were received, representing a response rate of 60 per cent. All respondents used e‐mail to answer reference enquiries, but there was low use (and in some cases awareness) of other technologies. The librarians' attitude towards digital reference services, considering aspects such as improved access and increased efficiency, was predominantly positive. Some concerns were raised, such as the administration of public access computers. Patrons could access more electronic reference sources within the library than they could remotely. The majority of public libraries had web sites, most commonly offering access to the library catalogue and community databases. The results of this study are compared with two previous surveys.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes by identifying the need for public library managers to assess the changing role of professionals and para‐professionals in delivering reference services, and to provide appropriate training. It also notes that despite the discussion of real‐time reference, asynchronous digital reference is still more common in England.Originality/valueThere has not been a survey of this type for English public library authorities. The sample represents 20 per cent of the target population.
DELIVERing library resources to the virtual learning environment
Authors: Secker Jane 
Published: March 2005

PurposeExamines a project to integrate digital libraries and virtual learning environments (VLE) focusing on requirements for online reading list systems.Design/methodology/approachConducted a user needs analysis using interviews and focus groups and evaluated three reading or resource list management systems.FindingsProvides a technical specification for an online reading list system, subsequent work to develop a rights management system and a “library area” within the VLE where electronic resources can be placed. Discusses other relevant developments towards the integration of digital libraries and virtual learning environments, including the IMS specification for Resource List Interoperability (RLI).Research limitations/implicationsResults could be compared to findings from other institutions. The evaluation work could be brought up to date with new developments in the two commercial reading list systems.Practical implicationsProvides an evaluation of three reading list management systems including TalisList, Sentient Discover and an open source solution, Bookworm.Originality/valuePractical information of value to learning technologists and librarians, recognising the importance of presenting library resources in the VLE in a systematic way.
Production of ceramic additive automotive brake lining and investigation of its braking characterisation
Authors: Mutlu I. , Eldogan O. , Findik F. 
Published: March 2005

PurposeThe aim of the research is to investigate the ceramic brake lining on the brake performance.Design/methodology/approach– The brake lining which has new formulation has been produced by using various additive materials. Various techniques have been used in the production of brake lining. These ceramic linings were subjected to friction and wear tests under different loads, and changes in the hardness and microstructures were examined.Findings– As a result of this study, the following findings are reported. A direct proportional was not found between hardness and wear resistance due to the complexity of composite structure. Kevlar fibers were homogeneously distributed in the matrix and therefore, very few microvoids were observed in the structure. Similarly, stone wool was well spread out the braking pad and hence decreased the microvoids' occurrence. Heat treatment supplied more homogeneous structure and hence, microstructural variations were minimised during the brake action. On the other hand, heat treatment decreased the hardness of glass fiber reinforced specimens and increased the density. Each specimen was affected from the environmental conditions. However, water affected all specimens more than the other environmental conditions, such as salty water, oil and braking liquid. With the increasing of temperature, the ingredients in the braking pad were affected other due to better diffusion. On the other hand, hardness of specimens increases and density decreases due to heat treatment and also specific wear ratio changes.Research limitations/implications– Limitations in the present research are as follows: two different pressures and eight different temperatures were used and brake linings were subjected to wear test, hardness tests, microstructures were examined.Practical implications– For future work, instead of buying expensive brake lining, new and cheaper ceramic linings are produced. By this process, economic benefit can be gained and also environmental protection can be succeeded in producing such asbestos free brake linings.Originality/value– This paper fulfills an identified information and offers practical help to the industrial firms working with brake lining and also to the academicians working on wear of materials.
Desirable search features of web‐based scholarly e‐book systems
Authors: Su Shiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo examine what search capabilities are desirable in web‐based scholarly e‐book systems.Design/methodology/approachTo present the author's opinion and interpretation about what search capabilities are desirable in web‐based scholarly e‐book systems through investigating studies of information seeking behavior and exploring current multimedia and hypertext techniques.FindingsThe findings are several desirable browsing and known‐item search features of web‐based scholarly e‐book systems.Originality/valueThe author's suggestion on the implementation of a dedicated, user‐oriented and user‐friendly interface, which includes the search features recommended in this paper to unleash the power of multimedia and hyperlinks.
The evolving Information Commons
Authors: Church Jennifer 
Published: March 2005

PurposeTo examine the changing nature and adaptation of the Information Commons concept at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.Design/methodology/approachThis article is primarily a case study on the growth and development of technology at Lied Library, including its expansion beyond the physical confines of the original model of the Information Commons. Additionally, a cross‐section of articles regarding the principles of providing services and systems within an Information Commons is surveyed.FindingsStresses the importance of maintaining a flexible model for the integration of technology and library services.Practical implicationsA matter‐of‐fact source for the implications of rethinking and reinventing the Information Commons concept.Originality/valueThis article addresses considerations important to the integration and evolution of technology services and space within academic libraries.