bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial pulmonary fibrosis - a case report
Authors: Santos Mirelle Yumoto dos , Prada Vitória Raissa , Ghisi Caroline Uber 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic progressive idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), occasionally, IPF occurs in families. IPF is associated with an estimated survival of 20%–50% at 5 years. Familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) can be defined as the occurrence of at least two cases of some type or fibrous interstitial pneumonia in members of the same biological family. Is important to note that the forms of interstitial lung diseases that affect relatives not necessarily need to be the same. Adults with FPF are essentially indistinguishable from patientes with sporadic IPF in terms of clinical presentation, radiographic findings and histopathology, except that those with FPF tend to present it earlier.
Objective(s): To describe the clinical, functional, and radiological features of index cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF). Case overview: Male, 72 years old, seeks pulmonology service in October 16th, 2019 with cough, sputum and sinus pain. Denied dyspnea or other respiratory symptoms. Non-smoker, no alcoholism history, related physical activity 3 times per week and no environmental exposures. Treatment for sinusitis was indicated with return in 2 weeks. On return, he was asymptomatic. Unfortunately, he said that his 74-year old middle brother was hospitalized with severe dyspnea, mMRC 4, SpO2 91% using oxygen 4L in cateter and was diagnosed with non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). The CT scan revealed a tomographic pattern of NSIP, with a fibrous evolution form and emphysema. Also, he has a familiar history of an older brother who died 5 years ago, at the age of 80, with pulmonary fibrosis, and a CT scan usual intersticial pneumonia (UIP) pattern. The pulmonary auscultation had: a preserved vesicular murmur, mild bilateral “velcro-like” crackles in pulmonary basis, heard during middle to late inspiration, no wheezes. The patient didn’t accept to be submitted to invasive procedures, as bronchoscopy or surgical lung biopsy, because didn’t have respiratory symptoms (although the importance of these exams has been explained). The diagnosis of familial pulmonary fibrosis can be established when, despite having different tomographic patterns, siblings have in common the fibrous feature, as in this case. Even if the younger brother doesn’t have fibrosis yet, with the diagnosis confirmed by the other two brothers, the antifibrotic medication should be started.
Outcomes of weight-based vs. fixed dose of Pembrolizumab among patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chaitesipaseut Lena , Shah Nina , Truong Thach-Giao , Niu Fang , Shin Patrick , Sharma Kavita , Smith Joshua , Hui Rita L 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aims to assess outcomes among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with pembrolizumab on a weight-based dose (WBD) or fixed-dose (FD) regimen using a non-inferiority (NI) analysis. Material and Methods This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with NSCLC weighing under 100 kg who received pembrolizumab between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020. Patients were grouped into either WBD or FD cohort based on the initial pembrolizumab dose and dosing regimen. The primary effectiveness outcome was overall survival (OS), analyzed using NI analysis with a lower margin of 10% comparing WBD to FD. Safety outcomes were all-cause emergency room visits or hospitalizations and incidence of selected immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and analyzed using NI analysis with an upper margin of 10%. All patients were followed until the end of health plan membership, death, or 30 June 2022, whichever occurred first. Results A total of 1413 patients were evaluated. OS was observed in 36.6% of the FD group, and 37.7% in the WBD group (rate difference: 1%, 90% CI: −6%–8%, NI p-value < 0.01). NI was met in all three safety outcomes: proportion of all-cause emergency room visits (rate difference: 1.1%, NI p-value < 0.01); proportion of hospitalizations (rate difference: 2%, NI p-value < 0.01); and composite incidence of irAEs (rate difference: −2.2%, NI p-value = 0.03). Conclusion These findings suggest that WBD of pembrolizumab may be as appropriate as FD for the treatment of lung cancer.
Correlation of Joint Space Widening on Valgus Stress Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Level of Play and Innings Pitched in Professional Pitchers
Authors: Patel Midhat , Schenk Mari , Rangan Pooja , Crenshaw Ken , Caplinger Roger , Raasch William , Waslewski Gary , Lederman Evan , Lund Pamela 
Published: November 2023

Background: Previous studies have described various techniques and confirmed the clinical utility of valgus stress radiography and stress ultrasound in overhead athletes. The addition of valgus stress and a high-resolution anatomic assessment of the elbow with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the active throwing position (flexed elbow valgus external rotation [FEVER] view) can add valuable diagnostic or prognostic information in throwing athletes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate findings on MRI and subsequent performance in professional throwing athletes. It was hypothesized that joint space widening in the FEVER view would be predictive of performance and the risk of subsequent injuries. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All pitchers on 2 Major League Baseball teams who consented to participate during their preseason screening in 2019 and 2020 underwent standard and FEVER MRI, and performance data from the following season were recorded, including injuries, mean throwing velocity, number of innings pitched, strikeout percentage, walk percentage, weighted on-base average, and level of play reached (not signed, minor league, or major league). Categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test or chi-square test, and continuous variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. Ordered logistic regression was used to determine the independent factors predicting performance. Results: A total of 91 players underwent preseason imaging, and all players had subsequent performance data available. Multivariate analysis revealed that when controlling for age, mean velocity, history of injuries, presence of symptoms, and history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, increased absolute joint space widening was predictive of a lower level of play (β = −0.63; P = .042). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between relative joint space widening and level of play reached (β = −0.54; P = .034). Relative joint space widening remained a significant predictor of level of play (β = −0.87; P = .012) on multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis also showed that both absolute joint space widening (β = −13.50; P = .012) and relative joint space widening (β = −13.60; P = .026) were predictive of the number of innings pitched in the subsequent season. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that findings on MRI with valgus stress correlated with the level of play reached and number of innings pitched in professional throwing athletes.
Predicting anticancer synergistic drug combinations based on multi-task learning
Authors: Chen Danyi , Wang Xiaowen , Zhu Hongming , Jiang Yizhi , Li Yulong , Liu Qi , Liu Qin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The discovery of anticancer drug combinations is a crucial work of anticancer treatment. In recent years, pre-screening drug combinations with synergistic effects in a large-scale search space adopting computational methods, especially deep learning methods, is increasingly popular with researchers. Although achievements have been made to predict anticancer synergistic drug combinations based on deep learning, the application of multi-task learning in this field is relatively rare. The successful practice of multi-task learning in various fields shows that it can effectively learn multiple tasks jointly and improve the performance of all the tasks.

Methods
In this paper, we propose MTLSynergy which is based on multi-task learning and deep neural networks to predict synergistic anticancer drug combinations. It simultaneously learns two crucial prediction tasks in anticancer treatment, which are synergy prediction of drug combinations and sensitivity prediction of monotherapy. And MTLSynergy integrates the classification and regression of prediction tasks into the same model. Moreover, autoencoders are employed to reduce the dimensions of input features.

Results
Compared with the previous methods listed in this paper, MTLSynergy achieves the lowest mean square error of 216.47 and the highest Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.76 on the drug synergy prediction task. On the corresponding classification task, the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve and the area under the precision–recall curve are 0.90 and 0.62, respectively, which are equivalent to the comparison methods. Through the ablation study, we verify that multi-task learning and autoencoder both have a positive effect on prediction performance. In addition, the prediction results of MTLSynergy in many cases are also consistent with previous studies.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that multi-task learning is significantly beneficial for both drug synergy prediction and monotherapy sensitivity prediction when combining these two tasks into one model. The ability of MTLSynergy to discover new anticancer synergistic drug combinations noteworthily outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. MTLSynergy promises to be a powerful tool to pre-screen anticancer synergistic drug combinations.
scMuffin: an R package to disentangle solid tumor heterogeneity by single-cell gene expression analysis
Authors: Nale Valentina , Chiodi Alice , Di Nanni Noemi , Cifola Ingrid , Moscatelli Marco , Cocola Cinzia , Gnocchi Matteo , Piscitelli Eleonora , Sula Ada , Zucchi Ileana , Reinbold Rolland , Milanesi Luciano , Mezzelani Alessandra , Pelucchi Paride , Mosca Ettore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Single-cell (SC) gene expression analysis is crucial to dissect the complex cellular heterogeneity of solid tumors, which is one of the main obstacles for the development of effective cancer treatments. Such tumors typically contain a mixture of cells with aberrant genomic and transcriptomic profiles affecting specific sub-populations that might have a pivotal role in cancer progression, whose identification eludes bulk RNA-sequencing approaches. We present scMuffin, an R package that enables the characterization of cell identity in solid tumors on the basis of a various and complementary analyses on SC gene expression data.

Results
scMuffin provides a series of functions to calculate qualitative and quantitative scores, such as: expression of marker sets for normal and tumor conditions, pathway activity, cell state trajectories, Copy Number Variations, transcriptional complexity and proliferation state. Thus, scMuffin facilitates the combination of various evidences that can be used to distinguish normal and tumoral cells, define cell identities, cluster cells in different ways, link genomic aberrations to phenotypes and identify subtle differences between cell subtypes or cell states. We analysed public SC expression datasets of human high-grade gliomas as a proof-of-concept to show the value of scMuffin and illustrate its user interface. Nevertheless, these analyses lead to interesting findings, which suggest that some chromosomal amplifications might underlie the invasive tumor phenotype and the presence of cells that possess tumor initiating cells characteristics.

Conclusions
The analyses offered by scMuffin and the results achieved in the case study show that our tool helps addressing the main challenges in the bioinformatics analysis of SC expression data from solid tumors.
Public acceptance of default nudges to promote healthy and sustainable food choices
Authors: Lemken Dominic , Wahnschafft Simone , Eggers Carolin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Default nudges are an increasingly prominent tool for promoting healthy and sustainable food choices; however, questions of acceptance remain. While default nudges are more acceptable to the public than traditionally paternalistic tools that aim to restrict choice, they are also the least acceptable amongst nudging strategies. Little research has investigated the aspects of default nudge design that can be leveraged to better uphold freedom of choice, increase public acceptance, and therefore heighten legitimacy of default nudges. Consequently, this study examines public acceptance of five food choice default nudges with demonstrated precedent of effectiveness, as drawn from research studies and/or real-world policies, along with a design variation of each anticipated to increase acceptance. Three drivers of acceptance – perceived intrusiveness, perceived effectiveness, and own behavior – are examined.

Methods
An online survey was administered in Germany (N = 451) to a sample representative of the adult population on quotas of age, gender and income. Acceptance and drivers were measured using seven-point Likert scales. Significant differences in median acceptance of the nudge were determined and displayed graphically. Ten proportional odds ordered logit models were applied and estimated using a maximum likelihood approach to investigate the mechanisms of nudge acceptance.

Results
Examined changes in nudge design, particularly decreasing costliness of opting out and increasing transparency, increased the acceptance of three of the five nudges (N2.2: p = 0.000; N3.2: p = 0.000; N4.2: p = 0.008). Perceived intrusiveness emerged as the most prominent driver of acceptance (negative relationship), followed by perceived effectiveness (positive relationship). Own engagement in the target behavior of the nudge and socio-demographic variables demonstrated negligible impact on acceptance.

Conclusions
Mitigating the costliness of opting out and improving nudge transparency emerge as key opportunities for choice architects to improve public acceptance, and thereby potentially identify ‘sweet spots’ in designing default nudges that are both effective and acceptable. The protection of individual freedom of choice and effectiveness are key aspects for choice architects to communicate to increase acceptance.
Attitudes toward dementia and cognitive aging among Syrian refugees resettled in Jordan: a qualitative study
Authors: Bridi Lana , Kaki Dahlia A. , Behnam Rawnaq , Khan Xara , Albahsahli Behnan , Bencheikh Nissma , Aljenabi Raghad , Ahmadi Nargis , Dajani Rana , Al-Rousan Tala 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence is revealing disparities in cognitive function and heightened dementia risk among refugees, yet research in this area remains scant. Despite bearing most of the world’s refugee burden, limited-resource countries like Jordan are facing challenges when dealing with refugee health. There is a lack of research on the attitudes toward dementia and the cognitive healthcare gaps among refugees in Jordan.

Methods
32 older (≥ 55 years) Syrian refugees resettled in Jordan were recruited through a local community-based organization and interviewed in four focus groups (2 female and 2 male groups). Interviews were transcribed and translated, then coded using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Mean age of the sample was 60.1 years and 53.1% were female. Only 34.4% rated their memory as good or excellent. Themes were organized using the socioecological model: 1) At the individual level, participants believed high levels of stress, including low socioeconomic status, poor health, and traumatic history from their refugee experience increased their dementia risk. 2) Interpersonally, there is a fear of dementia due to the possible impact and burden on loved ones, particularly with the stigma surrounding dementia. 3) At the community level, participants noted that resettlement in Jordan – with a shared language, religion, and culture – offered protective effects due to facilitated access to social connection, information, and mental health self-care. 4) At the institution and policy level, participants believed older refugees faced restrictive policies for economic aid, healthcare, and employment, presenting a significant barrier to healthy aging.

Conclusions
Findings from this study are the first to examine the attitudes of Syrian refugees in Jordan toward dementia and cognitive aging. These results could provide essential data inclusive of refugees as Jordan develops its National Dementia Plan. Investing in dementia awareness interventions and age-friendly neighborhoods may benefit aging refugees in limited-resources settings.
Evaluation of the applicability of internal controls on self-collected samples for high-risk human papillomavirus is needed
Authors: Verberckmoes Bo , De Vos Tamara , Maelegheer Karel , Ali-Risasi Catherine , Sturtewagen Yolande , Praet Marleen , Vanden Broeck Davy , Padalko Elizaveta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Self-collection of cervical samples to detect high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) is a trending topic in primary cervical cancer screening. This study evaluates the applicability of a self-sampling device to routine molecular procedures for hr-HPV detection.

Methods
In a primary health care facility in Kinshasa, Congo, 187 self-collected samples (Evalyn Brush) were gathered and sent to Ghent University Hospital (UZ Ghent) and Algemeen Medisch Labo (AML) in Belgium where routine tests for hr-HPV were applied (Abbott RealTime hr-HPV and qPCR (E6/E7), respectively). Sample type effect was evaluated by comparing the internal control (IC) between the self-collected samples and routine, clinician-taken samples randomly selected from the UZ Ghent archive.

Results
In UZ Ghent an error was encountered in 9.1% (17/187) of self-collected samples due to a lack of IC signal. The hr-HPV prevalence in the remaining 170 samples was 18,8%. Comparing IC results between the self-collected and clinician-collected groups, a significant difference (p < 0,001) was found, with higher IC signals in the clinician-collected group. In AML, an error was encountered in 17.6% (33/187) of samples, including 16/17 of the UZ Ghent. The remaining sample with IC error gave a negative result in AML. Among the 154 samples without IC error at AML, a correlation of 90% was seen between both laboratories with a 77% negativity rate.

Conclusion
Testing the self-collected specimens by 2 routine hr-HPV tests gave a high IC error rate (9.1–17.6%). A possible solution would be to differentiate cut-offs for IC values depending on sample type, as currently used cut-offs are set for clinician-taken samples.
Strong social disparities in access to IVF/ICSI despite free cost of treatment: a French population-based nationwide cohort study
Authors: Messaoud Khaoula Ben , Guibert Juliette , Bouyer Jean , de La Rochebrochard Elise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Access to IVF/ICSI is facilitated when the financial barrier is removed. In a national context where in vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm Injection (ICSI) treatment is cost-free, how many women do not access IVF/ICSI and what are the factors associated with non-access?

Methods
Using French national health insurance databases, the cohort included 20,240 women aged 18–43 years living in France who underwent unsuccessful treatment (no pregnancy) with clomiphene citrate (CC) and/or gonadotropins with treatment started between January and August 2016. The outcome measure was non-access to IVF/ICSI during the 24-month following start of infertility care. Factors associated with non-access to IVF/ICSI were explored using mixed effects logistic regression.

Results
In the cohort, 65.4% of women did not access IVF/ICSI. In multivariable analysis, non-access to IVF/ICSI was higher in younger women (18–25 years: (OR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.85–2.54) and in older women (40–43 years: (OR=3.60, 95% CI: 3.25–3.98)). Non-access was higher among women below the poverty line (OR=3.76, 95% CI: 3.34–4.23) and showed a significant upward trend with increasing deprivation of place of residence. Distance to the nearest fertility centre was not significantly associated with non-access to IVF/ICSI.

Conclusions
In a national context of cost-free ART treatment, a large proportion of women did not access treatment, with a strong social gradient that raises important issues. We need to understand the underlying social mechanisms to develop an efficient and equitable health policy regarding infertility care.
The mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between authentic leadership and nurses’ caring behavior: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Guowen , Tian Wen , Zhang Ying , Chen Juanjuan , Zhang Xiaohong , Lin Wenfeng , Li Huiping , Sun Liqin , Cheng Baozhen , Ding Hui , Song Guiqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Caring behavior among nurses would have an impact on patient outcomes. External organizational job resources and personal internal psychological resources are correlated to nurses’ caring behavior. Authentic leadership and psychological capital were shown to be correlated with nurses’ caring behavior in previous studies. However, the relationships among the three are nevertheless unclear. This study aimed to examine if psychological capital could act as a mediator between nursing managers’ authentic leadership and nurses’ caring behavior.

Methods
In December 2021, a total of 3,662 nurses were recruited from 37 hospitals in Anhui Province, China. They filled out online surveys, including general demographic information, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and the Caring Behavior Inventory. Structural Equation Modeling and the bootstrapping procedure were used to examine the mediating role of psychological capital.

Results
The scores of authentic leadership, psychological capital, and caring behavior of 3,495 nurses were 52.04 ± 13.24, 96.89 ± 17.78, and 104.28 ± 17.01, respectively. Psychological capital significantly mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and nurses’ caring behavior (β = 0.378, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.350 ~ 0.402), which made up 78.75% of the total impact (0.480).

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggested that nursing managers should develop an authentic leadership style, which can effectively improve nurses’ caring behaviors toward patients in clinical practice. Meanwhile, nursing leaders should strengthen nurses’ psychological evaluation and training, and promote nurses’ caring behavior in clinical settings.
The interconnected roles of TRIM21/Ro52 in systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, cancers, and cancer metabolism
Authors: Hsu Chueh-Hsuan , Yu Yung-Luen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21/Ro52), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an essential regulator of innate immunity, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the development of autoimmune diseases, predominantly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). TRIM21 /Ro52 also features anti-cancer and carcinogenic functions according to different malignancies. The interconnected role of TRIM21/Ro52 in regulating autoimmunity and cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases and malignancies is implicated. In this review, we summarize current findings on how TRIM21/Ro52 affects inflammation and tumorigenesis, and investigate the relationship between TRIM21/Ro52 expression and the formation of lymphoma and breast cancer in SLE and pSS populations.