bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between Seroreactivity to Low-Molecular-Weight
Helicobacter pylori
-Specific Antigens and Disease Presentation
Authors: Vilaichone Ratha-Korn , Mahachai Varocha , Kositchaiwat Chomsri , Graham David Y. , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

The identification of
Helicobacter pylori
-strain specific factors that correlate with clinical outcome has remained elusive. We investigated possible relationships between a group of
H. pylori
antigens and clinical outcome and compared an immunoblot assay kit (HelicoBlot, version 2.1 [HB 2.1]; Genelabs Diagnostics) with an established serological test, the high-molecular-weight cell-associated protein test (HM-CAP). We used sera from 156 Thai patients with different disease presentations, including 43 patients with gastric cancer, 64 patients with gastric ulcer, and 49 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD). HB 2.1 was compared to HM-CAP as a diagnostic test for
H. pylori
infection. The seroprevalence of
H. pylori
was significantly higher among gastric cancer patients than among patients with NUD (93 and 67%, respectively;
P
< 0.01). Among the
H. pylori
-seropositive patients, the presence of the antibody to the 37,000-molecular-weight antigen (37K antigen) was inversely related to the presence of gastric cancer (e.g., for gastric cancer patients compared with NUD patients, odds ratio [OR] = 0.28 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1 to 0.8). The presence of antibody to the 35K antigen was higher in gastric ulcer patients than in NUD patients (OR = 11.5; 95% CI = 2.4 to 54.3). The disease associations of antibodies to the 35K and 37K antigens are consistent with the possibility that these antigens are either indirect markers for
H. pylori
-related diseases or have specific active or protective roles in
H. pylori
-related diseases.
Immunoglobulin G and A Antibody Responses toBacteroides forsythusandPrevotella intermediain Sera and Synovial Fluids of Arthritis Patients
Authors: Moen Ketil , Brun Johan G. , Madland Tor Magne , Tynning Turid , Jonsson Roland 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody immune responses toPorphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedia,Bacteroides forsythus, andCandida albicansin the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA (RA-SF samples), and the SF of patients without RA (non-RA-SF samples). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine IgG and IgA antibody levels in 116 serum samples from patients with RA, 52 RA-SF samples, and 43 non-RA-SF samples; and these were compared with those in SF samples from 9 patients with osteoarthritis (OA-SF samples) and the blood from 100 donors (the control [CTR] group). Higher levels of IgG antibodies againstB. forsythus(P< 0.0001) andP. intermedia(P< 0.0001) were found in non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples, and higher levels of IgG antibodies againstB. forsythus(P= 0.003) andP. intermedia(P= 0.024) were found in RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. Significantly higher levels of IgA antibodies againstB. forsythuswere demonstrated in both RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples than in OA-SF samples. When corrected for total Ig levels, levels of IgG antibody againstB. forsythuswere elevated in RA-SF and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Lower levels of Ig antibodies againstB. forsythuswere found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group for both IgG (P= 0.003) and IgA (P< 0.0001). When corrected for total Ig levels, the levels of IgG and IgA antibodies againstB. forsythuswere still found to be lower in the sera from patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group (P< 0.0001). The levels of antibodies againstP. gingivalisandC. albicansin the sera and SF of RA and non-RA patients were comparable to those found in the respective controls. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies againstB. forsythuswere elevated in SF from patients with RA and non-RA-SF samples compared to those in OA-SF samples. Significantly lower levels of IgG and IgA antibodies againstB. forsythuswere found in the sera of patients with RA than in the plasma of the CTR group. This indicates the presence of an active antibody response in synovial tissue and illustrates a potential connection between periodontal and joint diseases.
Analysis of the Shotgun Expression Library of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Genome for Immunodominant Polypeptides: Potential Use in Serodiagnosis
Authors: Bisen Prakash S. , Garg Sanjay K. , Tiwari Ram P. , Tagore P. Ravindra Nath , Chandra Ramesh , Karnik Rucha , Thaker Nimesh , Desai Nirav , Ghosh P. K. , Fraziano Maurizio , Colizzi Vittorio 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

A recombinant DNA strategy was applied to analyze and screen the shotgun expression library from a clinically confirmed local virulent isolate of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
with sera from tuberculosis patients, which led to expression and purification of highly immunoreactive and specific mycobacterial antigens expressed during the course of active disease which could be of diagnostic significance. An enzyme-linked immunoassay for diagnosis of tuberculosis was devised by using a shotgun immunoexpression library in the λgt11 vector. DNA from a virulent
M. tuberculosis
patient isolate (TBW-33) confirmed with the BACTEC 460 system was sheared and expressed to generate shotgun polypeptides. β-Galactosidase fusion proteins capable of demarcating active tuberculosis infections from
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects or people harboring environmental mycobacteria were selected by comparative immunoreactivity studies. Promising mycobacterial DNA cassettes were subcloned and expressed into the glutathione
S
-transferase (GST) fusion vector pGEX-5X-1 with a strong
tac
promoter and were expressed in
Escherichia coli
BL21. These fusion proteins were severed at a built-in factor Xa recognition site to separate the GST tags and were utilized in an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay for serodiagnosis of patients with active tuberculosis. The system offered a clear demarcation between BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects and patients with active tuberculosis and proved to be effective in detecting pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with an overall sensitivity of 84.33% and an overall specificity of 93.62%.
Characterization of the Cytokine Immune Response in Children Who Have Experienced an Episode of Typical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Westerholt Soeren , Pieper Anne-Kathrin , Griebel Martin , Volk Hans-Dieter , Hartung Thomas , Oberhoffer Renate 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) and Shiga toxin together substantially contribute to the pathophysiology of typical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Both factors have been shown to be immune stimulators and could play a key role in the individual innate immune response, characterized by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. By use of a whole blood stimulation model, we therefore compared the LPS- and superantigen-induced cytokine responses in children who had been having recovering from an acute episode of typical HUS for at least 6 months (group 1) with those in controls, who consisted of patients seen in the pediatric neurology outpatient department for routine examination (group 2). Samples were analyzed for cytokine protein levels and the levels of mRNA production. LPS stimulation revealed lower levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) (
P
< 0.05) and increased levels of gamma interferon (
P
< 0.05) and increased ratios of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (
P
< 0.05 for the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio;
P
< 0.05 for the tumor necrosis factor alpha/IL-10 ratio) in group 1. In addition superantigen stimulation showed decreased IL-2 levels in group 1 (
P
< 0.01). Our results suggest an alteration of the cytokine response characterized by high proinflammatory cytokine levels and low anti-inflammatory cytokine levels as well as low levels of IL-2 production in children who have experienced an episode of typical HUS. We hypothesize that this altered immune response is not a residual effect of the infection but a preexisting characteristic of the patient. This could be one reason why individuals infected with EHEC are potentially predisposed to a systemic disease (HUS).
Impairment by Mucosal Adjuvants and Cross-Reactivity with Variant Peptides of the Mucosal Immunity Induced by Injection of the Fusion Peptide PADRE-ELDKWA
Authors: Decroix Nipa , Pamonsinlapatham Perayot , Quan Cahn P. , Bouvet Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT
Secretory immunity protects against mucosal transmission of viruses, as demonstrated with the oral poliovirus vaccine. In a previous study we showed that this immunity could be induced in mice by injection of a fusion peptide consisting of an unnatural peptide-like sequence (PADRE) and a viral epitope (ELDKWASLW). PADRE is a T-helper-cell epitope able to bind most major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of different haplotypes in mice and humans and to increase antibody responses. ELDKWA is a well-known consensual sequence of gp41 involved in a key structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. Here, the antibody response to the native form of ELDKWA was mainly of the immunoglobulin A isotype and selectively occurred in mucosa. Adjuvants, such as cholera toxin and cytosine polyguanine, were useless and even competed with PADRE for the response. Interestingly, these antibodies were cross-reactive with the three major variants of the epitope, as shown both by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by inhibition. This unconventional route of mucosal immunization allows control of the administered dose. The lack of adjuvant and the cross-reactivity of the antibodies increase the safety and the spectrum of the candidate vaccine, respectively. The drug-like nature of the construct suggests further improvements by synthesis of more antigenic sequences. The reasonable cost of short peptides at the industrial level and their purity make this approach of interest for future vaccines against mucosal transmission of HIV or other pathogens.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
3
and Development of Tuberculosis in Cattle
Authors: Rhodes S. G. , Terry L. A. , Hope J. , Hewinson R. G. , Vordermeier H. M. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

This report describes the presence and activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
3
(1,25-D
3
) in experimental bovine tuberculosis. Animals that went on to develop tuberculous lesions exhibited a rapid transient increase in serum 1,25-D
3
within the first 2 weeks following infection with
Mycobacterium bovis
. 1,25-D
3
-positive mononuclear cells were later identified in all tuberculous granulomas by immunohistochemical staining of postmortem lymph node tissue. These results suggest a role for 1,25-D
3
both at the onset of infection and in the development of the granuloma in these infected animals. Using a monoclonal antibody to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a VDR agonist, we confirmed that activation of the vitamin D pathway profoundly depresses antigen-specific, but not mitogenic, bovine peripheral blood T-cell responses (proliferation and gamma interferon production). Investigation of the mechanism of this suppression showed that the VDR antibody modified the expression of CD80 by accessory cells, such that a significant positive correlation between T-cell proliferation and accessory cell CD80 emerged.
Simplified Serological Diagnosis of Endocarditis Due toCoxiellaburnetiiandBartonella
Authors: Rolain J. M. , Lecam C. , Raoult D. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTWe tested a single-step serological assay againstCoxiellaburnetiiandBartonellaspecies and found a sensitivity of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 98% for the diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE). This assay should be considered as a possible commercial test for the diagnosis of BCNE.
Marketing Literature Review
Authors: Leonard Myron 
Published: November 2003

This section is based on a selection of article abstracts from a comprehensive business literature database. Marketing-related abstracts from more than 125 journals (both academic and trade) are reviewed by JM staff. Descriptors for each entry are assigned by JM staff. Each issue of this section represents three months of entries into the database. Each entry has an identifying number. Cross-references appear immediately under each subject heading. The following article abstracts are available online from the ABI/INFORM database, which is published and copyrighted by ProQuest Information and Learning. For additional information about access to the database or about obtaining photocopies of the articles abstracted here, please call (800) 521-0600 or write to ProQuest, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Clinical Risk and Outpatient Therapy Utilization for COVID-19 in the Medicare Population
Authors: Wilcock Andrew D. , Kissler Stephen , Mehrotra Ateev , McGarry Brian E. , Sommers Benjamin D. , Grabowski David C. , Grad Yonatan H. , Barnett Michael L. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceMultiple therapies are available for outpatient treatment of COVID-19 that are highly effective at preventing hospitalization and mortality. Although racial and socioeconomic disparities in use of these therapies have been documented, limited evidence exists on what factors explain differences in use and the potential public health relevance of these differences.ObjectiveTo assess COVID-19 outpatient treatment utilization in the Medicare population and simulate the potential outcome of allocating treatment according to patient risk for severe COVID-19.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included patients enrolled in Medicare in 2022 across the US, identified with 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was any COVID-19 outpatient therapy utilization. Secondary outcomes included COVID-19 testing, ambulatory visits, and hospitalization. Differences in outcomes were estimated based on patient demographics, treatment contraindications, and a composite risk score for mortality after COVID-19 based on demographics and comorbidities. A simulation of reallocating COVID-19 treatment, particularly with nirmatrelvir, to those at high risk of severe disease was performed, and the potential COVID-19 hospitalizations and mortality outcomes were assessed.ResultsIn 2022, 6.0% of 20 026 910 beneficiaries received outpatient COVID-19 treatment, 40.5% of which had no associated COVID-19 diagnosis within 10 days. Patients with higher risk for severe disease received less outpatient treatment, such as 6.4% of those aged 65 to 69 years compared with 4.9% of those 90 years and older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.62-0.65]) and 6.4% of White patients compared with 3.0% of Black patients (aOR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.54-0.58]). In the highest COVID-19 severity risk quintile, 2.6% were hospitalized for COVID-19 and 4.9% received outpatient treatment, compared with 0.2% and 7.5% in the lowest quintile. These patterns were similar among patients with a documented COVID-19 diagnosis, those with no claims for vaccination, and patients who are insured with Medicare Advantage. Differences were not explained by variable COVID-19 testing, ambulatory visits, or treatment contraindications. Reallocation of 2022 outpatient COVID-19 treatment, particularly with nirmatrelvir, based on risk for severe COVID-19 would have averted 16 503 COVID-19 deaths (16.3%) in the sample.ConclusionIn this cross-sectional study, outpatient COVID-19 treatment was disproportionately accessed by beneficiaries at lower risk for severe infection, undermining its potential public health benefit. Undertreatment was not driven by lack of clinical access or treatment contraindications.
How is the memory conformity effect influenced by the relative power of the individuals involved?
Authors: Wright Daniel B. , Celic Vuk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhen people remember together, what one person says can affect what others report. The size of this effect is dependent on characteristics of the people and how they express their beliefs. The power relationship among people affects much of their social cognition, including the size of this memory conformity effect. However, some research has shown people conform more to high power individuals and some research shows the opposite. The proposed research identified what we believe is an important difference in these studies in the type of power that was manipulated: evaluation versus managerial power. The proposed research will examine these using a 2 × 2 factorial design, plus a control group. The study is designed to be like how people learn new vocabulary in an education context.
Associations between inhibition and precursors of literacy and mathematics in kindergarten children
Authors: Michel Eva , Lang Jonas , Boesche Finn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between different components of inhibition (interference control, response inhibition) and pre‐academic skills in a sample of 105 5‐ and 6‐year‐old German and Austrian kindergarten children. Interference control is a form of cognitive inhibition that fosters focused attention on task‐relevant information and the exclusion of task‐irrelevant stimuli, while response inhibition refers to the behavioral inhibition of predominant reactions. We hypothesized that interference control would explain more variance in pre‐academic skills than response inhibition because of the importance of focused attention for the acquisition of (pre‐)academic skills. A structural equation model with two latent factors for the two assumed inhibition components did not fit the data, but a model with a single latent inhibition factor fit well. Inhibition substantially predicted pre‐academic skills over and above chronological age. Results indicate that inhibitory processes are domain‐general predictors of early academic achievement, but the factorial structure of inhibition in kindergarten age requires further clarification.
Charge‐Programmable Photopolymers for 3D Electronics via Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Junbo , Xu Zhenpeng , Hensleigh Ryan , Lu Haotian , Sowers Mack , Worsley Marcus A. , Rahmat‐Samii Yahya , Zheng Xiaoyu (Rayne) 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCharge‐programmed 3D printing enables the fabrication of 3D electronics with lightweight and high precision via selective patterning of metals. This selective metal deposition is catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles that are specifically immobilized onto the charged surface and promises to fabricate a myriad of complex electronic devices with self‐sensing, actuation, and structural elements assembled in a designed 3D layout. However, the achievable property space and the material‐performance correlation of the charge‐programmed printing remain unexplored. Herein, a series of photo‐curable resins are designed for unveiling how the charge and crosslink densities synergistically impact the nanocatalyst‐guided selective deposition in catalytic efficiency and properties of the 3D printed charge‐programmed architectures, leading to high‐quality 3D patterning of solid and liquid metals. The findings offer a wide tunability of the structural properties of the printed electronics, ranging from stiff to extreme flexibility. Capitalizing on these results, the printing and successful application of an ultralight‐weight and deployable 3D multi‐layer antenna system operating at an ultrahigh‐frequency of 19 GHz are demonstrated.
Novel Intelligent Photon‐Encoding Gel with Dynamically Switching Supramolecular Networks
Authors: Duan Chengliang , Wang Bin , Li Jinpeng , Zeng Jinsong , Cao Daxian , Xu Jun , Gao Wenhua , Chen Kefu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe microscopically structural switching of supramolecular networks endows programmable gel materials with dynamic hiding properties and functionalities. However, the reconstruction of supramolecular network will destroy the programming information imprinted on the original network structure, making it difficult to restore to the original state. Here, a novel intelligent programmable photonic gel composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and acrylamide is constructed. The mechanical properties and optical signals of gel can be switched reversibly on demand by reasonably designing the winding and compression between molecular structures. Under this conversion mechanism, the rigid “skeleton” constructed from the CNC chiral structure perfectly acts as the coding substrate. Importantly, even after multiple dynamic switching of the supramolecular network, the encoded information can be displayed completely and accurately on the CNC chiral structure in the stretched state. In addition, the 5D controllable conversion of stiffness, transparency, stretchability, color, and shape greatly improves the security and confidentiality of the encoded information inside the gel. This is a successful example of the application of CNC chiral structure in switchable supramolecular network materials. It is believed that the flexible variability and advanced camouflage give the intelligent gel the potential to be used in a wider range of practical scenarios.
Hydrogen Bonds‐Pinned Entanglement Blunting the Interfacial Crack of Hydrogel–Elastomer Hybrids
Authors: Wang Zibi , Yang Fahu , Liu Xiaoxu , Han Xiang , Li Xinxin , Huyan Chenxi , Liu Dong , Chen Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnchoring a layer of amorphous hydrogel on an antagonistic elastomer holds potential applications in surface aqueous lubrication. However, the interfacial crack propagation usually occurs under continuous loads for amorphous hydrogel, leading to the failure of hydrogel interface. This work presents a universal strategy to passivate the interfacial cracks by designing a hydrogen bonds‐pinned entanglement (Hb–En) structure of amorphous hydrogel on engineering elastomers. The unique Hb–En structure is created by pinning well‐tailored entanglements via covalent‐like hydrogen bonds, which can amplify the delocalization of interfacial stress concentration and elevate the necessary fracture energy barrier within hydrogel interface. Therefore, the interfacial crack propagation can be suppressed under single and cyclic loads, resulting in a high interfacial toughness over 1650 J m−2 and an excellent interfacial fatigue threshold of 423 J m−2. Such a strategy universally works on blunting the interfacial crack between hydrogel coating and various elastomer materials with arbitrary shapes. The superb fatigue‐crack insensitivity at the interface allows for durable aqueous lubrication of hydrogel coating with low friction.
3D‐Printed Photonic Crystal Sub‐Terahertz Leaky‐Wave Antenna
Authors: Guerboukha Hichem , Sakaki Masoud , Shrestha Rabi , Li Jingwen , Kölbel Johanna , Benson Niels , Mittleman Daniel M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWireless systems are facing increasing pressure due to the growing demand for data transmission. One potential solution to this problem is to shift communication frequencies toward the terahertz (THz) spectrum. However, this requires the development of new components that can efficiently process signals at these high frequencies and transmit them via highly directional beams. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to achieving efficient THz signal processing by combining two existing technologies: photonic crystals and leaky‐wave antennas. Incorporating a 2D photonic crystal inside a leaky‐wave waveguide allows to manipulate the wave vector of the guided wave in unique ways, which in turn impacts the far‐field radiation pattern emitted through the leaky‐wave aperture. The device fabrication uses 3D printing of alumina and allows for convenient and scalable manufacturing. Through numerical simulations and experiments, free‐space data transmission at rates of few hundred Mbps at a carrier frequency of 101.2 GHz is demonstrated. The findings illustrate the feasibility of photonic crystal‐based leaky‐wave antennas and lay the groundwork for the development of compact and high‐performance components for THz wireless communication systems.