bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Agent Versus Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (study 9730)
Authors: Lilenbaum Rogerio C. , Herndon James E. , List Marcy A. , Desch Chris , Watson Dorothy M. , Miller Antonius A. , Graziano Stephen L. , Perry Michael C. , Saville Wayne , Chahinian Philippe , Weeks Jane C. , Holland Jimmie C. , Green Mark R. 
Published: December 2004

Purpose We compared the efficacy of combination chemotherapy versus single-agent therapy in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 561 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive paclitaxel alone or in combination with carboplatin. Results The response rate was 17% in the paclitaxel arm and 30% in the carboplatin-paclitaxel arm (P < .0001). Median failure-free survival was 2.5 months in the paclitaxel arm and 4.6 months in the carboplatin-paclitaxel arm (P = .0002). Median survival times were 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.8 to 7.8) and 8.8 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 9.9), and 1-year survival rates were 32% (95% CI, 27% to 38%), and 37% (95% CI, 32% to 43%), respectively. The overall survival distributions were not statistically different: hazard ratio = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.17; P = .25). Hematological toxicity and nausea were more frequent in the combination arm, but febrile neutropenia and toxic deaths were equally low in both arms. There was no significant survival difference in elderly patients. Performance status 2 patients treated with combination chemotherapy had a better survival rate than those treated with single-agent therapy (P = .019). Conclusion Combination chemotherapy improves response rate and failure-free survival compared with single-agent therapy, but there was no statistically significant difference in the primary end point of overall survival. The results in elderly patients were similar to younger patients. Performance status 2 patients had a superior outcome when treated with combination chemotherapy.
Detection and Identification of Fish-Pathogenic Aphanomyces piscicida Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Species-Specific Primers
Authors: Phadee Panarat , Kurata Osamu , Hatai Kishio , Hirono Ikuo , Aoki Takashi 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Aphanomyces piscicida is an important pathogen that plays a role in the morbidity and mortality of various fish species around the world. The poor quality of current identification techniques for this fungus led to the development of highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Primers derived from the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of A. piscicida NJM 0204 were designed for the detection and identification of fish-pathogenic A. piscicida, with the potential for the diagnosis of mycotic granulomatosis (MG). Polymerase chain reaction amplification showed that the primer set was specific only to fish-pathogenic A. piscicida, not to non-fish-pathogenic Aphanomyces, Saprolegnia spp., Achlya spp., Dictyuchus spp., and Lagenidium spp. In addition, PCR revealed an improved sensitivity sufficient to detect A. piscicida in artificially infected goldfish Carassius auratus. Results demonstrated that the PCR method established in this study is effective for the detection and identification of A. piscicida with MG.
Histological Analysis of an Outbreak of QPX Disease in Wild Hard Clams Mercenaria mercenaria in New York
Authors: Dove Alistair D. M. , Bowser Paul R. , Cerrato Robert M. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Over 600 hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria from a wild population in Raritan Bay, New York, were examined histologically to assess the extent and intensity of quahog parasite X (QPX) disease in the fishery area. The overall rate of positive samples was 5.8%. A further 5.1% of clams had inflamed lesions suggestive of QPX infection but no QPX organisms were observed. In over half of the QPX-positive cases, infections of the viscera were involved. The significant proportion of visceral infections and the appearance of the pathogen in the gonads of clams are previously unreported presentations of QPX disease. Visceral infections are of concern for fisheries because they involve significantly larger numbers of parasites and higher biomass than mantle-only infections.
Experimental Transmission of the Fungus Phoma herbarum to Chinook Salmon
Authors: Burton Tamara O. , Meyers Theodore R. , Starkey Norman S. , Follett Jill E. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
The fungus Phoma herbarum is an incidental pathogen for salmonid fish, and experimental studies were conducted to determine whether it could be transmitted to juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by oral and airborne exposures. Phoma herbarum that had been isolated from juvenile Chinook salmon sustaining a low-level mortality in a hatchery was grown in the laboratory and quantified using a hemocytometer. The quantified inoculum of fungal conidia was mixed with dry fish food for the feeding studies, sprayed on the surface of the water for the airborne study, and injected into fish to verify the pathogenicity of the fungus. Histological examination revealed no mortality or internal fungal infection in either the oral or airborne exposures. Average cumulative mortality in the replicate groups injected with fungal conidia was 65% in the fingerlings and 56% in the fry, both groups showing clinical signs of hemorrhage and invasion of tissues by visible fungus. Histological examination of injected fish indicated hyphal invasion of tissues with necrosis and inflammatory exudate. The 100% survival of the fish in the oral and airborne exposures and the surprisingly high survival of fish inoculated with fungal conidia indicated that Phoma herbarum is not easily transmissible to juvenile Chinook salmon under optimal environmental conditions.
First Report of Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) in Wild Common Carp in North America
Authors: Dikkeboom Audrey L. , Radi Craig , Toohey-Kurth Kathy , Marcquenski Susan , Engel Marty , Goodwin Andrew E. , Way Keith , Stone David M. , Longshaw Clare 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
In spring 2002, an estimated 1,500 common carp Cyprinus carpio in Cedar Lake, northwestern Wisconsin, died over a 6-week period from late April through the first week in June. Three moribund carp were necropsied and had signs consistent with spring viremia of carp (SVC) disease, including petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages on the skin, ascites, and edematous kidney and spleen. A virus was isolated on fathead minnow cells and shown to be a rhabdovirus by electron microscopy. Immunoassay results indicated a close serological relationship with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). This was confirmed by a reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay and subsequent analysis of a subsection glycoprotein gene. Immunocytochemistry and serum neutralization tests indicated that the Cedar Lake isolate did not share complete antigenic identity with the European reference SVCV. Also, the isolate showed an inhibition of cytopathic effect after repeated subculture in epithelioma papulosum cyprini and bluegill fibroblast cells when compared with other SVCV isolates. In virus transmission studies the isolate was shown to be of low virulence for juvenile carp. Sequence analysis showed that the Cedar Lake SVCV isolate was more closely related to a recently isolated North Carolina strain of SVCV (98.6% nucleotide identity) and to strains of Asian origin rather than the European reference strain of SVCV. This is the first report of an SVC epizootic in a wild common carp population in North America.
Distribution of Tubifex tubifex Lineages and Myxobolus cerebralis Infection in the Tailwater of the San Juan River, New Mexico
Authors: DuBey Robert , Caldwell Colleen 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We chose a hypolimnetic-release tailwater of the San Juan River, New Mexico, to characterize the etiology of whirling disease, a parasitic infection of salmonids. We sampled a 2-km reach of the tailwater in August and December 2001 and June 2002 to characterize environmental factors influencing the distribution and density of Tubifex tubifex lineages and Myxobolus cerebralis infection rates. Shortly after the scouring flow, organic matter in sediments and T. tubifex densities increased within deep habitats. In contrast, no differences were observed in T. tubifex densities and organic matter collected from shallow habitats throughout the three sampling dates. Within this study area, we found three sympatric lineages of T. tubifex (lineages I, III, and VI). Lineage VI dominated riffle reaches, whereas lineages I, III, and VI were observed in pool habitats. Myxobolus cerebralis infection rates were higher in T. tubifex collected in pool habitats (3.01%) than in those collected in riffle habitats (0.51%). Only lineage III exhibited infection with M. cerebralis. We suggest that the habitat and genotype of T. tubifex are important in characterizing prevalence of disease within the San Juan River tailwater. Scouring flow may have a beneficial effect on disease severity in salmonid hosts by reducing organic loading and hence T. tubifex abundance in deep habitats.
IL‐6 mediated CD206+ARG‐1+ tumor associated macrophage polarization induces Treg infiltration in non‐responder luminal A breast cancer
Authors: Das Ananya , Roy Sraddhya , Bairagi Aparajita , Alam Neyaz , Chatterjee Nabanita 
Published: February 2025

Drug non‐responsiveness is the major reason for the poor prognosis of hormonal receptor‐positive breast cancer (ER+/PR+ BCa), particularly the luminal A subtype. However, the underlying mechanism of drug non‐responsiveness remains unknown. Flow cytometry and t‐SNE analysis followed by ELISA validation of responder and non‐responder unveiled lower secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐12, and higher levels of IL‐6 and TGF‐β in CD4+ T cells (P < 0.001), CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001), FOXP3+ Tregs (P < 0.001) and CD206+ TAMs (P < 0.001) in non‐responders. Treatment of isolated CD206+ TAMs with recombinant IL‐6 upregulated the expression of ARG‐1 (arginase‐1) and subsequent increase of TGF‐β+ Tregs (P < 0.001) and IL‐6+ Tregs (P < 0.001) in luminal A BCa. Our findings showed IL‐6 mediated ARG‐1+CD206+ TAMs polarization induced FOXP3+ Tregs infiltration in TME of non‐responder in luminal A BCa.
Dosimetric sensitivity of an enhanced leaf model (ELM) for individual versus averaged machines
Authors: Panagi Rafail , Caines Rhydian , Rowbottom Carl G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundWith the introduction of a new multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) enhanced leaf model (ELM) in the Varian Eclipse™ treatment planning system, there is currently limited data regarding the dosimetric sensitivity to real‐world variation in the ELM parameters, and its clinical relevance.PurposeTo characterize the variation in ELM parameters across a large department with ten linear accelerators and investigate the feasibility of using a single machine‐averaged ELM for treatment planning. This could achieve time and resource savings from reduced quality assurance, while allowing easy transfer of patients between machines.MethodsClinical plans of a range of sites (head and neck, prostate, breast, lung, and brain), techniques (VMAT, IMRT, SBRT, and SRS), and energies (6 MV, 6 MV FFF, 10 MV, and 10 MV FFF) were recalculated on Varian TrueBeam™ (120 MLC) and Varian EDGE™ (HD120 MLC), with machine‐specific ELM beam models, an averaged machine and an outlier machine model. A range of clinically relevant metrics relating to target coverage (e.g. PTV D98%, D50%, D2%) and OAR doses (dosimetric, volumetric, conformity, and gradient indices) were evaluated.ResultsFor the target metrics, the maximum percentage deviation from the mean was 0.422%, 0.157%, and 1.956% for the cases of the individual machines, the averaged machine and the outlier machine correspondingly, while the maximum absolute dose differences were 0.28 Gy, 0.07 Gy, and 0.38 Gy. For the OAR metrics, the maximum deviation from the mean was 1.833%, 0.204%, and 5.722% for the individual, averaged, and outlier machines, while the maximum absolute dose differences were 0.41 Gy, 0.10 Gy, and 0.97 Gy.ConclusionsFor machines that are well matched in terms of dosimetry for transmission and sweeping gap fields, the use of an averaged machine model is unlikely to introduce clinically significant dosimetric differences to treatment plans.
Radiomics in glioma: emerging trends and challenges
Authors: Wang Zihan , Wang Lei , Wang Yinyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRadiomics is a promising neuroimaging technique for extracting and analyzing quantitative glioma features. This review discusses the application, emerging trends, and challenges associated with using radiomics in glioma. Integrating deep learning algorithms enhances various radiomics components, including image normalization, region of interest segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and model construction and can potentially improve model accuracy and performance. Moreover, investigating specific tumor habitats of glioblastomas aids in a better understanding of glioblastoma aggressiveness and the development of effective treatment strategies. Additionally, advanced imaging techniques, such as diffusion‐weighted imaging, perfusion‐weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance fingerprinting, functional MRI, and positron emission tomography, can provide supplementary information for tumor characterization and classification. Furthermore, radiomics analysis helps understand the glioma immune microenvironment by predicting immune‐related biomarkers and characterizing immune responses within tumors. Integrating multi‐omics data, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and pathomics, with radiomics, aids the understanding of the biological significance of the underlying radiomics features and improves the prediction of genetic mutations, prognosis, and treatment response in patients with glioma. Addressing challenges, such as model reproducibility, model generalizability, model interpretability, and multi‐omics data integration, is crucial for the clinical translation of radiomics in glioma.
Comparison of offspring outcomes in women with and without epilepsy
Authors: Luo Huali , Mao Xiaomin , Zhu Shuli , Luo Qiong , Fang Jiajia , Li Qiwei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe potential impact of antiseizure medications (ASMs) on abortion rate and bone metabolism in the offspring of pregnant women with epilepsy (WWE) is currently unknown. This research aimed to assess the potential risk by conducting a comparative analysis of bone metabolism‐related indicators in the offspring of WWE.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 83 epileptic parturients receiving antenatal care at our hospital and a co‐operative hospital from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, comparing them to a control group of 249 parturients. The study analyzed and compared the two groups' growth parameters, including delivery mode, femoral length, biparietal diameter, and birth weight. Differences in femoral length, biparietal diameter, and birth weight among different ASM groups were also examined.ResultsWWE were more likely to undergo a cesarean section with a lower abortion rate (55.4% vs. 37.3%, P = 0.004). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, offspring femoral length in WWE was significantly reduced compared to the control group (6.812 cm vs. 6.923 cm, P < 0.0001). Moreover, those born to WWE using multiple ASMs had significantly reduced femoral and biparietal lengths compared to those whose mothers used a single ASM or none (P < 0.0001). Additionally, birth weight was significantly lower in offspring of WWE using multiple ASMs than those not using ASM (P < 0.05).InterpretationWWE experienced fewer abortions but worse negative offspring outcomes. The bone metabolism of the offspring of WWE was decreased and exhibited shortened femoral length, particularly in those on multiple ASMs.
Bidirectional‐Sensitive Dual‐Narrowband Self‐Powered Single Perovskite Photodetector for Fast Computational Imaging
Authors: Bai Chunxiao , Peng Zheng , Li Wanjun , Chen Boao , Fu Yong , Zhao Chuanxi , Mai Wenjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNarrowband photodetectors (PDs) are extensively utilized in fields such as image sensing, machine vision, and optical communications. Traditional approaches to achieving wavelength‐selective light detection typically involve methods such as voltage‐modulated charge collection or injection the incorporation of optical filters, or the use of multi‐stacked active layer materials. Herein, an innovative dual‐mode perovskite PD characterized by unbalanced charge carrier transport (UCCT) properties are introduced. By altering the direction of light incidence, the PD exhibits two distinct narrowband spectral responses, thereby significantly simplifying conventional strategies that complicate PD fabrication. This novel approach also mitigates issues related to slow response times, limited band selectivity, and low external quantum efficiency (EQE). In the Red (R)‐Mode, a detection peak at 700 nm is identified, with a full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm, a specific detectivity (D*) of 2.6 × 1010 Jones, and a responsivity (R) of 179 mA W−1. Conversely, in Green (G‐Mode, a narrowband response is observed with a peak at 500 nm, a FWHM of 75 nm, a D* of 1.1 × 1010 Jones, and an R of 75 mA W−1. Furthermore, a dual‐mode narrowband single‐PD imaging prototype, integrated with an advanced Fourier imaging algorithm, has been developed, enabling the reconstruction of high‐quality images with 128 × 128 pixels within a time frame of 100 seconds. This research represents a significant advancement in the realm of filter‐free dual‐mode narrowband PDs and lays the groundwork for the evolution of next‐generation optoelectronic applications.
Efficacy and Cellular Mechanism of Biomimetic Marine Adhesive Protein‐Based Coating Against Skin Photoaging
Authors: Xue Bo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSkin photoaging is a problem worldwide, clinically often accompanied by collagen decline, increased wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, structurally weakened skin, and other complications, which urgently demand effective treatment strategies. The biosafety and efficacy of single‐function therapies for repairing skin photoaging are still challenging for clinical medicine today. At present, numerous studies report that the wet adhesive proteins driven from marine organisms play a critical role in the biomedical material field, particularly in aquatic environments. In this study, a natural recombinant protein‐based coating from scallop byssal protein is prepared to investigate the efficacy and cellular mechanism in accelerating the repair of UVB‐induced photoaging in a mouse model. In vitro experiments demonstrate the safety of the coating and its efficacy in enhancing cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, the coating effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species, promotes the expression of cell adhesion molecules and anti‐apoptotic proteins, and inhibits inflammatory responses. In animal tests, the coating exhibited remarkable adsorption properties, showing significant potential for in situ regenerative therapy, as evidenced by its ability to protect against UVB‐induced skin photoaging and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that Sbp9Δ coating provides a simple, safe, and innovative strategy for treating skin photoaging.
Photothermal‐Driven α‐Amylase‐Modified Polydopamine Pot‐Like Nanomotors for Enhancing Penetration and Elimination of Drug‐Resistant Biofilms
Authors: Zhai Xiangxiang , Liu Yi , Hao Xiaomeng , Luo Ming , Gao Zhixue , Wu Jinmei , Yang Zili , Gan Ying , Zhao Suling , Song Zhiyong , Guan Jianguo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBiological enzyme‐functionalized antibacterial nanoparticles, which can degrade biofilm and kill bacteria under mild reaction conditions, have attracted much attention for the elimination of deep‐seated bacterial infections. However, the poor diffusion and penetration capabilities of recently developed biological enzyme‐functionalized antibacterial nanoparticles in biofilm severely impair the eradication efficacy of deep‐seated bacteria. Herein, a photothermal‐driven nanomotor (denoted as APPNM) is developed for enhancing the elimination of drug‐resistant biofilms and the eradication of deep‐seated bacteria. The nanomotor contained a pot‐like polydopamine (PDA) nanostructure and its outer surface is chemically immobilized with a layer of α‐amylases. Under exposure to 808 nm near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, the self‐propelled nanomotors, integrating the α‐amylases to destroy the compact structure of biofilms, can penetrate deeply into biofilms and effectively eliminate them. Subsequently, they can accumulate on the surface of bacteria using the inherent bio‐adhesion property of PDA, thereby completely eradicating deep‐seated bacteria by photothermal effect. These synergistic effects enable them to exhibit superior antibiofilm effects and produce remarkable therapeutic efficacy with accelerated wound healing in vivo. With excellent biocompatibility, the as‐developed nanomotors have great potential to be applied for treating biofilm‐related infections.
Trace Dual‐Crosslinkable Additives Enable Direct Microlithography for Enhanced Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Zhang Jingling , Zhong Yueheng , Jiang Hao , Zhao Zhikang , Wang Haoyu , Wang Ruizhe , Chen Zhu , Liang Qicheng , Wang Xiangyu , Sun Fengqiang , Xing Yi , Duan Xiaozheng , Li Hongxiang , Feng Liang‐Wen , Zhu Meifang , Sun Hengda , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSimilar to silicon‐based electronics, the implementation of micro/nano‐patterning to facilitate complex device architectures and high‐density integration is crucial to the development of organic electronics. Among various patterning techniques, direct microlithography (DML) is highly applicable and extensively adopted in organic electronics, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). However, conventional DML often requires high crosslinker concentrations, leading to compromised electrical performance. To address this challenge, a novel strategy is developed that combines supramolecular and covalent interactions by incorporating a polyrotaxane supramolecular crosslinker (PR) into poly(benzodifurandione) (PBFDO). The PR forms a hydrogen bonding network with PBFDO and undergoes UV‐triggered covalent crosslinking among its molecules, providing solvent resistance even at trace loading levels (<0.1 wt%). This approach enables precise patterning of PBFDO with feature sizes below 1 µm while preserving high electrical performance. Notably, PR also serves as a performance enhancer, promoting molecular ordering and ionic conduction within PBFDO. OECTs fabricated with PR‐crosslinked PBFDO exhibit about one‐order‐of‐magnitude increase in ON/OFF ratio, a 42% increase in µC* (reaching 2460 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), and elevated operational stability compared to pristine ones. This multifunctional crosslinker offers a scalable solution for high‐performance, high‐density organic electronics and opens new avenues for supramolecular chemistry applications in this field.