bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Franz–Keldysh effect in the optical absorption spectrum of a TlGaSe2 layered semiconductor caused by charged native defects
Authors: Gören Serdar , Şale Yasin , Seyidov MirHasan Yu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Franz–Keldysh effect in the optical absorption edge of a bulk TlGaSe2 layered semiconductor poled under an external electric field was investigated in the present work. The Franz–Keldysh shift below the optical bandgap absorption region, as well as the quasi-periodic oscillations above the fundamental bandgap of TlGaSe2, were observed. The measured changes in optical light absorption of the TlGaSe2 sample were revealed after poling processing. The poling technique is used to produce the built-in internal electric field within the TlGaSe2 semiconductor. The frozen-in internal electric field in TlGaSe2 was experimentally monitored through changes in the lineshape of the absorption spectra at the fundamental band edge. The observed results are accurately fitted with the theoretical lineshape function of the Franz–Keldysh absorption tail below the bandgap of TlGaSe2 and quasi-periodic oscillations above the bandgap. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed. The present study demonstrated that the Franz–Keldysh effect can be used to identify and characterize the localized internal electric fields originating from electrically active native imperfections in the TlGaSe2 crystals.
Quantum speed limits for change of basis
Authors: Naseri Moein , Macchiavello Chiara , Bruß Dagmar , Horodecki Paweł , Streltsov Alexander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Quantum speed limits provide ultimate bounds on the time required to transform one quantum state into another. Here, we introduce a novel notion of quantum speed limits for collections of quantum states, investigating the time for converting a basis of states into an unbiased one as well as basis permutation. Establishing an unbiased basis, we provide tight bounds for the systems of dimension smaller than 5, and general bounds for multi-qubit systems and the Hilbert space dimension d. For two-qubit systems, we show that the fastest transformation implements two Hadamards and a swap of the qubits simultaneously. We further prove that for qutrit systems the evolution time depends on the particular type of the unbiased basis. Permuting a basis, we obtain the exact expression for the Hilbert space of dimension d. We also investigate speed limits for coherence generation, providing the minimal time to establish a certain amount of coherence with a unitary evolution.
Effects of intrinsic point defects (Tii-Vo) on the photocatalytic performance of bilayer rutile/anatase TiO2
Authors: Wang Wenxing , Hou Qingyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Despite the progress on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 as a typical photocatalytic material, previous research has overlooked the systematic study of the coexistence of Tii and Vo on the photocatalytic property of rutile or anatase TiO2 with bilayers. Studies on the comparative photocatalytic property of these materials have been rarely reported. Thus, the influences of point defects (Tii-Vo) on the photocatalytic performance of bilayer rutile or anatase TiO2 were investigated by GGA + U calculations under density general function theory framework. Results showed that the bilayer rutile Ti24TiiO47 (1 1 0) system exhibited the highest relative stability, strong carrier activity, reduced carrier recombination, and the longest lifetime. Furthermore, the absorption spectrum is clearly red shifted. This system is beneficial for the dissociation of water to produce H2 and O2. This research provides certain theoretical reference value on the design and fabrication of novel bilayer rutile TiO2(1 1 0) surface photocatalysts.
A random boolean network shifted toward a critical point
Authors: Sakiyama Tomoko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Random Boolean Networks (RBNs) model complex networks with numerous variables, serving as a tool for gene expression and genetic regulation modeling. RBNs exhibit phase transitions, contingent on node degrees. Given the significance of phase transitions in collective behaviors, the study explores the relationship between RBNs and actual living system networks, which also display critical behaviors. Notably, living systems exhibit such behaviors even beyond the predicted critical point in RBNs. This paper introduces a novel RBNs model incorporating a rewiring process for edge connections/disconnections. In contrast to prior studies, our model includes artificial genes occasionally adding self-loops and creating an instant and temporal lookup table. Consequently, our proposed model demonstrates the edge of chaos at higher node degrees. It serves as an abstract RBNs model generating noisy behaviors from internal agent processes without external parameter tuning.
Rapid cooling method for synthesis of high conducting rhombohedral phase stabilized LiZr2(PO4)3 solid electrolyte
Authors: Rai Krisanta , Kundu Swarup 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
LiZr2(PO4)3 (LZP) solid electrolyte shows excellent stability with Li metal anode and other electrode materials but suffers due to poor ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures. It synthesizes as a low conducting (10−8 S cm−1) triclinic phase at room temperature (RT), which undergoes a phase transition to a high conducting (10−5 S cm−1) rhombohedral phase at around 60 °C. Partial substitution of Zr4+ in LZP with La3+, Sr3+, Al3+, etc. is found to stabilize this high conducting phase at RT. In this work, rhombohedral phase stabilized LZP samples are prepared via the method of rapid cooling, wherein the samples are sintered at high temperatures for relatively short durations of time followed by rapid cooling/quenching to RT. Sample properties are characterized using XRD, SEM, and impedance spectroscopy (IS) techniques. Pristine LZP which was quenched to RT after sintering for 1200 °C/5h exhibited a high RT ionic conductivity value of 0.9 × 10−5 S cm−1. This high ionic conductivity value for pristine LZP has never been reported before. Pristine LZP is mostly found to possess ionic conductivity value in the range of 10−8–10−7 S cm−1 at RT.
Relative variation between γ coordinate and the potential of the Bohr Hamiltonian producing X(4) from Z(4)
Authors: Ajulo K R , Oyewumi K J , Orosun M M , Targema T V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, four degree of freedom γ-rigid solutions of the Bohr Hamiltonian at γ
0 = π/6 are obtained. The relative variation between γ and the potential of the Hamiltonian is employed to retrieve X(4) from Z(4). γ is varied in the interval 0 ≤ γ
0 ≤ π/6 while the potential minimum, β
0, is varied in the interval 0 ≤ β
0 ≤ ∞ . Very small value of β
0 yields Z(4) while a large value of β
0 produces X(4) and SU(3) is realized at β
0 ≈ ∞ . The solutions at γ
0 = 0 correspond to X(4) while the solutions at γ
0 = π/6 yield Z(4): a dynamic link between Z(4) and X(4) critical point symmetries (CPSs) has been provided. The fact that γ and β
0 of the potential play the same role in the dynamical link between Z(4) and X(4) shows that β
0 also measures the departure from axial symmetry to other shapes as γ does. In the experimental realization of the model, the conformation of 192Pt and 194Pt isotopes to the present Z(4) model shows that the present model can be employed in the description of triaxial rotors and γ-soft isotopes. 194Pt is shown to be the best choice for triaxial rigid rotor candidacy. 130Xe, a critical point isotope, which belongs to the class of γ-soft nuclei, reproduces this present model very well in all the states. Consequently, this present model can serve as a critical point model. 40,0 − β
0 distribution for Z(4) and X(4) candidate isotopes shows a significant interval between the two models where the T(4) CPS lies.
Black hole formation in gravitational collapse and their astrophysical implications
Authors: Jaiswal Annu , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Srivastava Sudhir , Govender Megandhren , Kumar Jas Pacif Shibesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, we have explored the process of black hole (BH) formation occurring in the collapse of a self-gravitating configuration using an innovative approach. The exact solution of the Einstein field equations is obtained in a model-independent way by considering a parametrization of the expansion scalar (Θ) in the background of spherically symmetric space-time geometry governed by the FLRW metric. Smooth matching of the interior solution with the Schwarzschild exterior metric across the boundary hypersurface of the star, together with the condition that the mass function m(t, r) is equal to Schwarzschild mass M, is used to obtain all the physical and geometrical parameters in terms of the stellar mass. The four known massive stars namely R136a3, Melnick, R136c, and R136b with their known astrophysical data (mass, radius, and present age) are used to study the physics of the model both numerically and graphically. We demonstrate that the formation of the apparent horizon occurs earlier than the singular state that is, the collapse of massive stars in our model results in the eventual formation of black holes as their final state. We have conducted an analysis indicating that the lifespans of massive stars are closely related to their respective masses. Our findings demonstrate that more massive stars exhibit considerably shorter lifespans in comparison to their lighter counterparts. Thus, the presented model corresponds to the evolutionary stages of astrophysical stellar objects and theoretically predicts their possible lifespan. We have also shown that our model satisfies the energy conditions and stability requirements via Herrera’s cracking method.
A natural protein-related biopolymer film and its positive role in pearl brightening
Authors: Yan Xuejun , Hu Xianchao , Zhang Xu , Lv Hanzhi , Chen Tao , Yu Siyi , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To date, the external micromorphological differences among high-luster pearls and the precise relationship between the organic matrix covered on the external surface of pearl and its luster remain, to a large extent, unknown. Here, using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, we comparatively investigated the multiscale surface characteristics of representative seawater-cultured pearls with different luster grades. The results showed that a natural protein-related biopolymer film of nano-thickness existed on the surface of high-luster pearls. Moreover, the biopolymer film and the microscale tablets self-assembled by aragonite nanoparticles, which serve as a nanoscale organic film and a microscale plane mirror, respectively, together play key roles in producing the excellent luster. In addition, the higher the content of organic matter covering the external surface of pearls, or the thicker the average thickness of the film, the smoother the surface and the better the luster of pearls. The findings substantially enhance our knowledge of the gemological and morphological characteristics of pearls and their corresponding natural brightening mechanism. Most importantly, this study not only provides some key guidelines on the daily maintenance of pearls and the optimization process for pearl brightening but also inspires optical functional material syntheses.
An angular stable ultra-broadband asymmetric transmission chiral metasurface with efficient linear-polarization conversion
Authors: Ahmed Afzal , Cao Qunsheng , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Shah Gulab , Ahmed Fahad , Khan Muhammad Irshad , Abidin Zain Ul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a chiral metasurface is presented to effectively attain an ultra-broadband operation of asymmetric transmission with highly efficient cross-polarization conversion. The efficiency of the asymmetric transmission operation in the frequency band ranging from 6.5 to 13 GHz is above 70%. Additionally, in the frequency range from 3.7 to 14 GHz, the cross-polarization conversion realizes greater than 90% polarization conversion ratio. Asymmetric transmission as well as cross-polarization conversion show angular stability against the incident angle of electromagnetic waves up to 45°. To validate the simulation results, the fabricated chiral metasurface is tested and compared with simulation results. The concepts of asymmetric transmission and linear-polarization conversion are demonstrated and physically explained through the distributions of surface currents over metallic layers. This anticipated work has significant applications in telecommunications and radar, as well as potential use in equipment designed for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves.
A regularized (XP)2 model
Authors: Chen Yu-Qi , Ge Zhao-Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate a dynamic model described by the classical Hamiltonian H(x, p) = (x
2 + a
2)(p
2 + a
2), where a
2 > 0, in classical, semi-classical, and quantum mechanics, respectively. In the high-energy E limit, the phase path resembles that of the

XP

2

model. However, the non-zero value of a acts as a regulator, removing the singularities that appear in the region where x, p ∼ 0, resulting in a discrete spectrum characterized by a logarithmic increase in state density. Classical solutions are described by elliptic functions, with the period being determined by elliptic integrals. In semi-classical approximation, we speculate that the asymptotic Riemann-Siegel formula may be interpreted as summing over contributions from multiply phase paths. We present three different forms of quantized Hamiltonians, and reformulate them into the standard Schrödinger equation with

cosh
2
x

-like potentials. Numerical evaluations of the spectra for these forms are carried out and reveal minor differences in energy levels. Among them, one interesting form possesses Hamiltonian in the Schrödinger equation that is identical to its classical version. In such scenarios, the eigenvalue equations can be expressed as the vanishing of the Mathieu functions’ value at i ∞ points, and furthermore, the Mathieu functions can be represented as the wave functions.
Constructing new high-order polynomial chaotic maps and application in pseudorandom number generator
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Zhou Jipeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The chaotic map have been widely applied in fields such as pseudorandom number generation(PRNG) and image encryption due to its excellent chaotic performance. In this paper, two classes of high-order polynomial chaotic maps of special form are proposed based on the Li-Yorke theorem. The dynamic behavior of the proposed maps is numerically analyzed, including bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent, and the analysis results prove the validity of the proposed conclusions. The proposed polynomial chaotic maps have a larger parameters and chaotic range, as well as a more stable Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, based on the coupling chaotic systems, we design a pseudorandom number generator(PRNG), and the number of chaos parameters are expanded through the coupling control parameters in a PRNG. Then the performance of the pseudorandom sequence generated by the PRNG is tested and analysed. The test and analysis results show that the pseudorandom sequence has favorabble security, structural complexity, and randomness. Especially, the information entropy of 7.9998 and the key space size of 2208 exceed the recently reported pseudorandom number generators(PRNGs). In comparison with other PRNGs based on chaotic maps in the recent literature, this paper provides comprehensive performance test and analysis of the proposed PRNG and demonstrates its potential for cryptographic applications.
Abrupt focus and bright spot formation in fractional system with PT-symmetric nonlocal nonlinearity
Authors: Bai Xiaoqin , Yang Rongcao , Chen Jing , Bai Juan , Jia Heping 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the dynamics of Gaussian beams in fractional system with PT-symmetric nonlocal nonlinearity. It is found that the Gaussian beam with transverse displacement can abruptly focus to form bright spot in one sub-branch after experiencing a symmetric split, depending on the nonlinear intensity, initial launched amplitude, angle and chirp of the beam, and the initial chirp can shift the time of abrupt focus and bright spot formation. Furthermore, the Talbot-like effect and breather train are explored by setting the initial amplitude parameter of every component of an initial Gaussian beam train. Moreover, for longitudinally periodically modulated nonlinearity, the bright spots can be formed periodically and asymmetrically in two sub-branches for a single Gaussian beam, and Moiré-like lattices can be generated for a Gaussian beam train. Finally, the conical diffraction and crescent-like evolution in the two-dimensional system are investigated in detail. It is found that the direction of crescent-like evolution is determined by the initial launched angles, which may be an inspiration to design channel path through choosing suitable initial launched angles at will.
Modulation of the microstructure, optical properties and electrical properties of zinc-doped nickel oxide films via direct current sputtering power
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Meng Xue , Song Tingting , Chen Xu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Zinc-doped NiO (NiO:Zn) films were direct-current-magnetron sputtered on the glass substrates. The modulation of the properties of the films via sputtering powers (Pspu) was especially studied. The conducting transition from p to n type was also proposed in mechanism. The NiO:Zn films are all preferentially 〈111〉 oriented. The films with high Pspu almost have small lattice distortion due to the improved crystallization caused by the thermal effect and the Zn element doping. The films begin to exhibit the n-type conduction at 90 W Pspu. The conducting transition from p to n type is mainly attributed to the occupation of Ni vacancies by Zn2+ and the interstitial Zn, and the improved n-type conduction in Pspu range of 140 W through 160 W to the increase in content of the interstitial Zn atoms. The absorption edge of the NiO:Zn films remaining at about 3.7 eV is slightly affected by the increase in Pspu, showing that the doping of the Zn element in the NiO is not mainly in the form of the Ni vacancies occupying ions.
On the importance of heavy fields in pseudo-scalar inflation
Authors: Chen Chong-Bin , Wang Ziwei , Zhou Siyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pseudo-scalar inflation coupled with U(1) gauge fields through the Chern-Simons term has
been extensively studied. However, new physics arising from UV theories may still influence the
pseudo-scalar field at low-energy scales, potentially impacting predictions of inflation. In the
realm of effective field theory (EFT), we investigated axion inflation, where operators from heavy
fields are also present, in addition to the axion and gauge fields. The integrated out fields
have two significant effects: the non-linear dispersion regime and coupling heavy modes to the
Chern-Simons term. The first effect changes the propagation of the curvature fluctuation, while
the second one results in additional operators that contribute to curvature fluctuation via
inverse decay. We derived the power spectrum and magnitude of equilateral non-Gaussianity in this
low-energy EFT. We found that the second effect could become significant as the mass of heavy
fields approaches Hubble scale.
Prospects for realtime characterization of core-collapse supernova and neutrino properties
Authors: Bendahman Meriem , Goos Isabel , Coelho Joao A.B. , Bugli Matteo , Coleiro Alexis , El Hedri Sonia , Foglizzo Thierry , Franco Davide , Guilet Jérôme , Kouchner Antoine , Raynaud Raphaël , Tayalati Yahya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) offer extremely valuable insights into the dynamics of galaxies. Neutrino time profiles from CCSNe, in particular, could reveal unique details about collapsing stars and particle behavior in dense environments. However, CCSNe in our galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud are rare and only one supernova neutrino observation has been made so far. To maximize the information obtained from the next Galactic CCSN, it is essential to combine analyses from multiple neutrino experiments in real time and transmit any relevant information to electromagnetic facilities within minutes. Locating the CCSN, in particular, is challenging, requiring disentangling CCSN localization information from observational features associated with the properties of the supernova progenitor and the physics of the neutrinos. Yet, being able to estimate the progenitor distance from the neutrino signal would be of great help for the optimisation of the electromagnetic follow-up campaign that will start soon after the propagation of the neutrino alert. Existing CCSN distance measurement algorithms based on neutrino observations hence rely on the assumption that neutrino properties can be described by the Standard Model. This paper presents a swift and robust approach to extract CCSN and neutrino physics information, leveraging diverse next-generation neutrino detectors to counteract potential measurement biases from Beyond the Standard Model effects.
JWST’s PEARLS: Improved Flux Calibration for NIRCam
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Yan Haojing , Sun Bangzheng , Cohen Seth H. , Jansen Rolf A. , Summers Jake , Windhorst Rogier A. , D’Silva Jordan C. J. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Coe Dan , Conselice Christopher J. , Driver Simon P. , Frye Brenda , Grogin Norman A. , Marshall Madeline A. , Nonino Mario , Ortiz Rafael , Pirzkal Nor , Robotham Aaron , Ryan Russell E. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Hammel Heidi B. , Milam Stefanie N. , Adams Nathan J. , Cheng Cheng , Hathi Nimish P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science, a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) GTO program, obtained a set of unique NIRCam observations that have enabled us to significantly improve the default photometric calibration across both NIRCam modules. The observations consisted of three epochs of 4-band (F150W, F200W, F356W, and F444W) NIRCam imaging in the Spitzer IRAC Dark Field (IDF). The three epochs were six months apart and spanned the full duration of Cycle 1. As the IDF is in the JWST continuous viewing zone, we were able to design the observations such that the two modules of NIRCam, modules A and B, were flipped by 180° and completely overlapped each other’s footprints in alternate epochs. We were therefore able to directly compare the photometry of the same objects observed with different modules and detectors, and we found significant photometric residuals up to ∼0.05 mag in some detectors and filters, for the default version of the calibration files that we used (jwst_1039.pmap). Moreover, there are multiplicative gradients present in the data obtained in the two long-wavelength bands. The problem is less severe in the data reduced using the latest pmap (jwst_1130.pmap as of 2023 September), but it is still present, and is non-negligible. We provide a recipe to correct for this systematic effect to bring the two modules onto a more consistent calibration, to a photometric precision better than ∼0.02 mag.