bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of global antimicrobial resistance campaigns conducted to alter public awareness and antimicrobial use behaviours: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Gilham Ellie , Pearce-Smith Nicola , Carter Vanessa , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Public health campaigns with a well-defined outcome behaviour have been shown to successfully alter behaviour. However, the complex nature of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) creates challenges when evaluating campaigns aimed at raising awareness and changing behaviour related to antibiotic usage.
Aims:
This review aims to determine what campaigns have been conducted and which have been effective at improving awareness of antimicrobial resistance and changing behaviour around antimicrobial use in members of the public. It also sought to determine which outcome measures studies have used to assess campaign effectiveness.
Methods:
A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE and Embase, was conducted in October 2022 using a predefined search strategy. Studies which were published between 2010 and September 2022 that outlined a campaign or invention aimed at the public and focusing on AMR or antibiotic usage were eligible for inclusion and studies which solely targeted healthcare professionals (HCP) were excluded.
Results:
Literature searches retrieved 6961 results. De-duplication and screening removed 6925 articles, five articles from grey literature and reference screening were included, giving a total of 41 studies and 30 unique interventions. There was a wide distribution of campaigns globally with the majority run in Europe (n=15) with most campaigns were conducted nationally (n=14). Campaigns tended to focus on adult members of the public (n=14) or targeted resources towards both the public and HCPs (n=13) and predominately assessed changes in knowledge of and/or attitudes towards AMR (n=16). Campaigns where an improvement was seen in their primary outcome measure tended to use mass media to disseminate information, targeted messaging towards a specific disease, and including the use of HCP-patient interactions.
Discussion:
This review provides some evidence that campaigns can significantly improve outcome measures relating to AMR and antibiotic usage. Despite a lack of homogeneity between studies some common themes emerged between effective campaigns. However, the frequent use of observational study designs makes it difficult to establish causation between the campaign and changes seen in the studies outcome measures. Therefore, the evaluation process needs to be embedded within the design process for future campaigns.
Autophagy inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells synergizes with immunotherapy via DC activation due to increased antigenicity and adjuvanticity
Authors: Nakata Kohei , Oyama Koki , Tsutsumi Chikanori , Hayashi Masataka , Zhang Bo , Mochida Yuki , Shinkawa Tomohiko , Zhong Pingshan , Date Satomi , Luo Haizhen , Kubo Akihiro , Higashijima Nobuhiro , Yamada Yutaka , Abe Toshiya , Ideno Noboru , Koikawa Kazuhiro , Iwamoto Chika , Ikenaga Naoki , Ohuchida Kenoki , Onishi Hideya , Morisaki Takashi , Kuba Keiji , Oda Yoshinao , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors is extremely limited in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Dendritic cell (DC) paucity and dysfunction are major elements contributing to this immunosuppressive TME. Autophagy, a self-degradation process, has been proposed as a therapeutic target for PDAC; however, the effect of autophagy inhibition in cancer cells on the immunosuppressive TME, and particularly DCs, remains unclear. Here, we discovered that autophagy inhibition in cancer cells induced DC activation via the intracellular accumulation of tumor antigens and increased tumor adjuvanticity. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that autophagy inhibition in cancer cells also induced CD8+ T cell exhaustion, characterized by high LAG3 expression. Moreover, a triplet therapy, comprising chloroquine, Flt3L, and an anti-LAG3 antibody, markedly reduced tumor growth in an orthotopic syngeneic PDAC mouse model. Thus, this therapeutic combination may be a promising candidate for treating PDAC by overcoming the immunosuppressive TME.
An Adversarial Environment Reinforcement Learning-driven Intrusion Detection Algorithm for Internet of Things
Authors: Mahjoub Chahira , Hamdi Monia , Alkanhel Reem , Mohamed Safa , Ejbali Ridha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has made them attractive targets for malicious actors. To address the evolving threats and the growing complexity of detection, there is a critical need to search for and develop new algorithms that are fast and robust in detecting and classifying dangerous network traffic. In this context, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is gaining recognition as a prospective solution in numerous fields as it enables autonomous agents to cooperate with their environment for decision-making without relying on human experts. This article presents a novel approach to intrusion detection in IoT systems through the utilization of an adversarial reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, known for its exceptional predictive capabilities. The predictive process relies on a classifier, which is implemented as a streamlined and highly efficient neural network. Embedded within this classifier is a policy function, meticulously trained using an innovative RL model. Importantly, this model ensures that the environment’s behavior is dynamically fine-tuned simultaneously with the learning process, improving the overall effectiveness of the intrusion detection approach. The efficiency of our proposal was assessed using the Bot-IoT database, consisting of a mixture of legitimate IoT network traffic and simulated attack scenarios. Our scheme shows superior performance compared to existing ones. Therefore, our approach to IoT intrusion detection can be considered a valuable alternative to existing methods, capable of significantly improving the IoT systems’ security.
Insect-scale biped robots based on asymmetrical friction effect induced by magnetic torque
Authors: Zhao Jinsheng , Xin Chen , Zhu Jiaqi , Xia Neng , Hao Bo , Liu Xurui , Tan Yu , Yang Shihao , Wang Xin , Xue Junnan , Wang Qinglong , Lu Haojian , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Multimodal and controllable motions in complex terrain are of great importance for practical applications of insect-scale robots. Robust locomotion plays a particularly critical role. In this study, we reveal and define a locomotion mechanism for magnetic robots based on asymmetrical friction effect induced by magnetic torque. The defined mechanism overcomes the design constraints imposed by both robot and substrate structures, enabling the realization of multimodal locomotion on complex terrains. Drawing inspiration from human walking and running locomotion, we propose a biped robot based on the mechanism that not only exhibits rapid motions across substrates with varying friction coefficients but also achieves precise motions along patterned trajectories through programmed control. Furthermore, apart from its exceptional locomotive capabilities, the biped robot demonstrates remarkable robustness in terms of load-carrying and weight-bearing performance. The presented motion and mechanism herein introduce a novel concept for designing magnetic robots while offering extensive possibilities for practical applications in insect-scale robotics.
Effects of Musa textilis fiber loadings in physical-mechanical properties of recycled thermoplastic compounds
Authors: Muñoz-Acosta Freddy , Gaitán-Álvarez Johanna , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto , Valverde Juan Carlos , Garro-Monge Giovanni , Mora-Molina Jesús 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Developing composite materials has become an attractive option to incorporate thermoplastic waste into a circular economy model; for that thing, natural fibers are used to improve the properties of the biomaterial to be consistent with multiple industrial sectors. The study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of M. textilis fiber combined with recycled plastics such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) without a cross-linking agent by characterizing the physical-mechanical properties. PE and PP were reinforced with four fiber loadings (0 as a control, 10, 20, and 30%); the physical (density, thickness swelling, water absorption, and weight increment), mechanical (dynamic elastic modulus, static bending, and traction) and specific (specific elastic modulus and the specific flexural modulus) properties were evaluated, in addition to characterizing the failure point in traction test with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and degree of dissimilarity between treatments (thermoplastic x fiber loadings). Overall, these results suggest that reinforcement with M. textilis improved the mechanical properties between 5 and 15% concerning the control; the specific properties showed that the biomaterials have conditions for industrial-grade use; the most common failure point was coarse river line type associated with thermoplastics, while fiber loadings at 10 and 20% showed failures associated with interfacial free spaces. For its part, treatments with a 30% fiber loading showed better properties associated with resistance. However, it is recommended to restrict its use outdoors or in conditions with prolonged water contact. Finally, our results demonstrate that recycled thermoplastics reinforcement with M. textile fiber improves the biomaterial's properties, expanding its potential commercial use.
Preference of Pentalonia nigronervosa for infected banana plants tends to reverse after Banana buchy top virus acquisition
Authors: SAFARI Ignace MURHUBUBA , BRAGARD Claude , HANCE Thierry 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemitera: Aphididae) is the vector agent of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV), the most serious viral disease of banana (Musa spp) in the world. Before acquiring the virus, the vector is more attracted to infected banana plants thanks to increased emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we test the hypothesis that BBTV acquisition directly modifies the preference of P. nigronervosa for infected banana plants, and if this change in behaviour could result from the alteration of the organs linked to the VOC detection or linked to the flight of the vector. We found that the preference of P. nigronervosa for infected banana plants reverses with virus acquisition in dessert banana, while it remains similar between healthy and infected banana plants before and after the acquisition of BBTV. At the same time, aphids reared on infected bananas had smaller forewing areas and hind tibia length than aphids reared on healthy bananas, while the number of secondary rhinaria on the antennae was lower on dessert banana reared aphids than plantain reared aphids, regardless of infection status. These results support the "Vector Manipulation Hypothesis - VMH" of pathogens to promote their spread. They have implications for the BBTV management.
Clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with lymph node metastasis: a retrospective single-centre study
Authors: Guo Xiaodan , Huang Shaoqing , Yang Shaohua , Xia Yanzhe , Wu Chunhui , Cai Shirong , He Yulong , Zhou Xuefu , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) rarely occurs, and lymphadenectomy is not routinely performed in GIST resection. To date, the relevant characteristics and prognosis of GIST patients with LNM are not well known.
Methods
From January 2010 to December 2021, GIST patients who underwent lymph node resection were enrolled from a GIST referral centre. All patients were divided into either the LN- group (GISTs without LNM) or the LN + group (GISTs with LNM). The clinicopathological features and follow-up data were analysed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to reduce bias caused by confounders.
Results
Out of 1024 surgical patients, 198 patients (age, 52.23 ± 13.54 years; 56.6% males) underwent GIST resection with lymph node dissection for lymphadenopathy, and 17 patients had lymph node metastases (17/1024, 1.66%; 17/198, 8.59%). The LN + group had a higher mitotic count (P = 0.012) and a higher proportion of distant metastasis (P < 0.001) than the LN- group. After PSM, 28 patients were included (18 in LN- group and 10 in LN + group). The LN- group had both longer postoperative progression-free survival (PFS, not reached vs. 15.0 months, P = 0.002) and overall survival (OS) than the LN + group, but the difference in OS was not statistically significant (not reached vs. 35.0 months, P = 0.069).
Conclusions
The rate of LNM in GISTs is low. LNM may be a less common form of distant metastasis. Moreover, GIST with LNM has an unfavourable prognosis. Further studies are warranted to identify GISTs with lymph node involvement and the potential involved mechanism.
Microwave-induced high dispersion anchoring of MOFs on SiC surfaces: Built-in electric field dominated process
Authors: Gao Xin , Kou Zongliang , Liu Kai , Zhao Zhenyu , Li Hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Microwave irradiation has emerged as a promising method for the preparation of highly dispersed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) catalysts, which can improve their dispersion and catalytic efficiency. However, the underlying mechanism behind this "microwave effect" and the enhanced accessibility of anchored MOFs catalysts remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed microwave-absorbing SiC as a substrate material to enhance the specific recognition ability of MOFs precursors under microwave irradiation. The synthesized UIO-66-NH2@SiC catalyst was applied to the esterification reaction of cyclohexene. The catalyst with an anchored structure can achieve a conversion rate of 72% of cyclohexene. In comparison, the conversion rate obtained with pure MOFs as the catalyst was merely 63%. Subsequently, we proposed a mechanism of microwave-induced anchoring process, i.e. this process was attributed to the built-in electric field effect. To investigate this mechanism, we used a thermosensitive fluorescent material, Eu/Tb-MOF, to reveal that the microwave-induced anchoring of UIO-66-NH2 on the SiC surface does not originate from the commonly believed "hotspots". Instead, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the electric field distribution, revealing that the electric field intensity between SiC particles was 7 times higher than in other regions. Furthermore, we validated the simulation results by using fluorescent powder as an electric field tracer with a thin film of naphthalene diamide. Our findings demonstrate that electric fields can be employed to control the approach of metal ions towards a functionalized SiC ceramic surface, leading to spontaneous and irreversible immobilization when the metal ions make contact with the surface. Overall, our research provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the microwave-assisted synthesis of anchored catalysis materials.
Changes in Vitamin D Biomarkers According to the Cause-Glomerular Filtration Rate Albuminuria Classification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lee Seunghye , Cho Min-Chul , Kim Jin Hyun , Jung Sehyun , Jeon Hyejin , Jang Hani , Chang Se-Ho , Kim Hyun-Jung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Monitoring the vitamin D status is vital for managing mineral and bone disorders (MBDs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The CKD classification based on cause of CKD, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and albuminuria (CGA) is crucial for managing patients with CKD, yet no study has explored their association with various vitamin D biomarkers. Our study aims to investigate changes in vitamin D biomarkers based on CKD cause, estimated GFR (eGFR), and albuminuria levels.
Methods
We prospectively analyzed blood and urine samples from 206 patients with CKD stages G2–G5. After classifying each group according to the presence or absence of diabetes, eGFR, and severity of albuminuria, the differences in various vitamin D biomarkers in each group were compared.
Results
Among patients with diabetic kidney disease, those with diabetic nephropathy showed significantly lower levels of 24,25(OH)2D and bioavailable 25(OH)D compared to those without. When classified according to eGFR, patients with a low eGFR had significantly lower mean levels of 24,25(OH)2D and VMR, but the change in all 25(OH)D markers was not significant. In patients with diabetes, all 25(OH)D markers significantly decreased as albuminuria worsened, whereas in patients without diabetes, only bioavailable 25(OH)D showed a significant association with albuminuria.
Conclusions
Changes in vitamin D markers differed according to the CGA classification. However, as was a small-scale study, large-scale studies with a longer follow-up are necessary.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: its impact on lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ghantous Yasmine , Nashef Aysar , Abdol-Elraziq Murad , Sudri Shiran , Araidy Shareef , Abu-Elnaaj Imad 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Many studies have demonstrated EMT's critical role in lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). During EMT, epithelial cancer cells lose intercellular adhesion and apical-basal polarity and acquire mesenchymal properties like motility and invasiveness. A major feature of EMT is cadherin switching, involving downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin. The TGF-β/SMAD pathway can also induce EMT. We aimed to evaluate EMT markers as predictors of lymph node metastasis in OSCC.
Methods: We performed genetic profiling of 159 primary OSCCs from TCGA, analyzing expression of EMT markers including cadherin switch genes (CDH1, CDH2), TGF-β/SMAD pathway genes, SNAIL, and keratins. Samples were divided into high (stage III-IV) and low (stage I-II) grade groups. Differential expression analysis was performed.
Results: TGF-β/SMAD pathway genes like SMAD6 were upregulated in high-grade tumors. N-cadherin and SNAIL2 were overexpressed in node-positive tumors. Keratins were downregulated in these groups.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate EMT marker expression correlates with lymph node metastasis in OSCC. Developing therapies targeting regulators like N-cadherin may prevent metastasis and improve outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate EMT signaling in OSCC progression.
Impact of Surface Heterogeneity Induced Secondary Circulations on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Paleri Sreenath , Wanner Luise , Sühring Matthias , Desai Ankur , Mauder Matthias , Metzger Stefan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We explore the evolution and impacts of surface heterogeneity induced secondary circulations on the atmospheric boundary layer through coupled diurnal large eddy simulations (LES) of the CHEESEHEAD19 field campaign. The heterogeneity induced circulations were diagnosed using time and ensemble averaging. Quasi-stationary and persistent circulations were set up in the daytime ABL that span the entire mixed layer height (zi). Their variation in time and space are presented. The simulated near surface dispersive flux contribution for both the heat and moisture fluxes were 10-15% of the total daytime surface fluxes for the convective boundary layer (CBL) simulations. In the wind shear driven, near neutral ABL, the near surface contribution of dispersive heat fluxes remained at 10-15% of total surface fluxes while the dispersive moisture flux contributions were lower than 5%. These magnitudes are the same order of magnitude as the expected surface energy budget residuals. In CBL, wavelengths ~ the effective surface heterogeneity length scales at ~ 3zi contribute the most to the heterogeneity induced transport. This scale analysis supports prior work over the study domain on scaling tower measured fluxes by including low frequency contributions.This study underscores the role of ABL static stability, the ABL height and surface heterogeneity length scales in modulating the contributions from secondary circulations and supports ongoing parameterisation efforts to include their contribution in tower measured surface energy imbalance. This conceptual framework can also be extended to include the effects of sub-grid land surface heterogeneity in numerical weather prediction and climate models and further exploring scale-aware scaling methodologies.
The Induce Damage to Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rat by Spent Vegetable Oil and the Ameliorating Potentials of Coconut Oil
Authors: SIMON ISTIFANUS ADAMUN , SOLOMON MARIAM DANLADI , SANGODARE ROSE S.A. , DABAK JONATHAN D. , ABUBAKR ABDULLAHI 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It has been a regular practice in this part of the world to continually use spent edible oil and consumed it without knowing the harmful effects of such. Heating results in the formation of free reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is responsible for oxidative stress and changes to various organs in the body. The study aimed at investigating the changes caused on liver and kidney by consumption of repeatedly used (spent) oil and possible ameliorating potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on spent vegetable oil-induced liver and kidney changes in Wistar albino rats. Blood samples were obtained and assayed for biomarkers of liver and kidney damage; Liver and kidney were harvested to study the histological changes before, during and after administration of virgin coconut oil. It was observed that spent vegetable oils induced severe damage on liver and kidney. While administration of virgin coconut oil significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the changes induced by the spent oil as observed in the biomarkers AST, ALT, ALP, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, Total serum protein, Albumin. These findings suggest that VCO could ameliorate the adverse effect of consumption of spent oil on liver and kidney indices in rats.
The Synergistic effect of nanoclay/nanosilica on mechanical properties and swelling resistance of ternary rubber (NR/SBR/NBR) blends nanocomposites
Authors: Srin J. , Jagatheeshwaran M. S. , Vishvanathperumal S. , Prabhu K. A. V. Roossvelt 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this research, we delve into the influence of hybrid filler loading, comprising both nanoclay and nanosilica (NC/NS), on the mechanical properties and resistance to swelling in ternary rubber nanocomposites composed of natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). In this investigation, the composition of NR/SBR/NBR was kept constant at 30/30/40 phr, while the nanoclay was maintained at 6 phr and the proportion of nanosilica was varied from 0 to 6 phr. The nanocomposites were meticulously prepared through a melt mixing technique. Subsequently, we conducted an exhaustive assessment of their mechanical properties, encompassing parameters such as tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation (M100), elongation at break (EB), tear strength, compression set, hardness, rebound resilience, and abrasion resistance. Our findings reveal a discernible trend: as the nanosilica loading increased in the presence of the SCA, several key characteristics exhibited significant improvements. Specifically, the minimum torque, maximum torque, cure rate index, tensile strength, M100, tear strength, compression set, hardness, and crosslink density all showcased notable increases. In contrast, scorch time, cure time, EB %, and mole percent uptake (MPU) demonstrated a consistent decrease.