bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective kinetics of warfarin binding to human serum albumin: Effect of an allosteric interaction
Authors: Fitos Ilona , Visy Júlia , Kardos Julianna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKinetic and equilibrium binding studies were performed on the interaction of warfarin enantiomers with human serum albumin (HSA) in the absence and presence of lorazepam acetate (LoAc) enantiomers. Binding kinetics were followed by recording changes in the fluorescence of warfarin upon binding to HSA using the stopped‐flow technique. The binding of (R)‐warfarin displayed an exponentially increasing fluorescence, satisfying the two‐step mechanism reported previously for the racemate, i.e., a diffusion controlled pre‐equilibrium is followed by a slower rearrangement of the complex. In the case of (S)‐warfarin, the signal was biphasic: a fast fluorescence enhancement was followed by a slow decline. The different kinetic features indicate that the equilibrium conformations of the [(S)‐warfarin‐HSA] and [(R)‐warfarin‐HSA] complexes are achieved via different mechanisms. The phenomenon was seen in buffers of different pH and compositions. Equilibrium binding measurements indicated significantly lower molar intrinsic fluorescence for the (S)‐warfarin complex, suggesting differences in the microenvironments of the bound enantiomers. In the presence of (S)‐LoAc, the allosterically enhanced binding of (S)‐warfarin manifested itself in accelerated relaxation kinetics. In accordance with the low molar intrinsic fluorescence determined for the stable ternary complex, the amplitude of the decline in fluorescence became larger. Chirality 14:442–448, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between expression of MUC1 core protein and outcome after surgery in mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumura Naoki , Yamamoto Masakazu , Aruga Atsushi , Takasaki Ken , Nakano Masayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been reported that MUC1 is an important prognostic factor in several cancers. This study investigated the importance of MUC1 as a prognostic factor in mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (m‐ICC).METHODSIn 50 patients with m‐ICC who had undergone hepatectomy, expression of MUC1 was investigated. Expression of MUC1 was examined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody HMPV, which recognizes the MUC1 core peptide. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of MUC1 were classified into three types: ductal type (the luminal surface membrane of neoplastic cells was stained), cytoplasmic type (the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells was stained dominantly), and negative type.RESULTSExpression of MUC1 was detected immunohistochemically in 38 (76%) of 50 cases of m‐ICC (ductal type, 18; cytoplasmic type, 20; and negative type, 12). Seventy‐five percent of patients with lymph node metastasis had the cytoplasmic type MUC1 expression. Lymph node dissection was performed in only 20 patients, but significant correlation was demonstrated between MUC1 expression and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0227). The location of MUC1 expression correlated with surgical outcome in m‐ICC. Patients with the cytoplasmic type expression showed significantly lower survival rates. Univariate analysis revealed that MUC1 expression was a statistically significant risk factor affecting outcome in m‐ICC (P = 0.0028). Furthermore, expression of MUC1 was found to be a statistically significant independent risk factor in multivariate analysis (P = 0.0063).CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that evaluation of MUC1 expression may be very useful in predicting the surgical outcome in m‐ICC. Cancer 2002;94:1770–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10398
Ultrastructural features of the acetylcholine innervation in the developing parietal cortex of rat
Authors: Mechawar Naguib , Watkins Kenneth C. , Descarries Laurent 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo follow on a recent quantitative study of the developing cholinergic (ACh) innervation in rat neocortex, axon varicosities identified by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with a highly sensitive antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were examined in the primary somatosensory area (Par1) of rats at postnatal ages (days) P8, P16, and P32. As visualized and measured in single thin sections, and compared with those of unlabeled varicosities selected at random in the same photomicrographs, the ChAT‐immunostained profiles displayed intrinsic and relational features very similar to those previously described in the same cortical area of adult rat (Umbriaco et al. [1994] J. Comp. Neurol. 348:351–373). At the three postnatal ages, the immunoreactive profiles were comparable in shape, size, and vesicular content in all cortical layers, but showed an increasing frequency of mitochondria with age, reaching 44% at P32. Synaptic junctions were observed on 6.3 to 8.7% of these sectional profiles, indicating an average synaptic incidence of 17% for whole varicosities, again comparable to that in the adult (14%). As in adult, the junctions made by the rare synaptic ChAT‐immunostained varicosities were always single, usually symmetrical, and more frequently found on dendritic branches than spines. Thus, cortical ACh varicosities displayed intrinsic and relational features similar to adult ones as soon as this innervation was installed, suggesting that a diffuse mode of transmission and ambient level of ACh could play a major role in the diverse effects of this neuromodulator during cortical development. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:250–258, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optic lobe commissures in a three‐dimensional brain model of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae: A search for the circadian coupling pathways
Authors: Reischig Thomas , Stengl Monika 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae is controlled by bilaterally symmetric, apparently directly coupled, circadian pacemakers in the optic lobes. Strong evidence predicts that ventromedial to the medulla, the accessory medulla with associated pigment‐dispersing hormone‐immunoreactive neurons is this circadian clock. In search for direct coupling pathways between both clocks, we performed horseradish peroxidase backfills from one optic stalk as well as dextran and horseradish peroxidase injections into one accessory medulla. Seven commissures with projections in the contralateral optic lobe were identified and reconstructed. Three of these commissures connected both accessory medullae. Two of these resembled the arborization pattern of the pigment‐dispersing hormone‐immunoreactive neurons, which are circadian pacemaker candidates in insects. This finding suggests that some of these pacemaker candidates form a direct circadian coupling pathway. For better visualization of reconstructed commissures, we implemented the reconstructions into a three‐dimensional model of the cockroach brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 443:388–400, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: I. Dendritic morphology and patterns of axonal arborization by pyramidal neurons
Authors: Harris Elana , Witter Menno P. , Weinstein Gila , Stewart Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe dendritic and axonal morphology of rat subicular neurons was studied in single cells labeled with Neurobiotin. Electrophysiological classification of cells as intrinsic burst firing or regular spiking neurons was correlated with morphologic patterns and cell locations. Every cell had dendritic branches that reached the outer molecular layer, with most cells having branches that reached the hippocampal fissure. All but two pyramidal cells had axon collaterals that entered the deep white matter (alveus). Branching patterns of apical dendrites varied as a function of the cell's soma location along the fissure–alveus axis of the cell layer. The first major dendritic branch point for most cells occurred at the superficial edge of the cell layer giving deep cells long primary apical dendrites and superficial cells short or absent primary apical dendrites. In contrast, basal dendritic arbors were similar across cells regardless of cell position. Apical and basal dendrites of all cells had numerous spines. Superficial and deep cells also differed in axonal collateralization. Deep cells (mostly intrinsically bursting [IB] class) had one or more ascending axon collaterals that typically remained within the region circumscribed by their apical dendrites. Superficial cells (mostly regular spiking [RS] class) tended to have axon collaterals that reached longer distances in the cell layer. Numerous varicosities and axonal extensions were present on axon collaterals in the cell layer and in the apical dendritic region, suggesting intrinsic connectivity. Axonal varicosities and extensions were found on axons that entered presubiculum, entorhinal cortex or CA1, supporting the notion that these were projection cells. Local collaterals were distinctly thinner than collaterals that would leave the subiculum, suggesting little or no myelin on local collaterals and some myelin on efferent fibers. We conclude that both IB and RS classes of subicular principal cells make synaptic contacts in and apical to the cell layer. Based on the patterns of axonal arborization, we suggest that subiculum has at least a crude columnar and laminar architecture, with ascending collaterals of deep cells forming columns and broader axonal arbors of superficial cells serving to distribute activity across multiple columns. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:490–505, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and functional connections of presynaptic terminals in the vertebrate retina revealed by activity‐dependent dyes and confocal microscopy
Authors: Miller Robert F. , Fagerson Mary H. , Staff Nathan P. , Wolfe Robert , Doerr Terry , Gottesman Jon , Sikora Michael A. , Schuneman Rachel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fluorescent dyes sulforhodamine 101 (SR 101) and FM1‐43 were used as activity‐dependent dyes (ADDs) to label presynaptic terminals in the retinas of a broad range of animals, including amphibians, mammals, fish, and turtles. The pattern of dye uptake was studied in live retinal preparations by using brightfield, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy. When bath‐applied to the retina‐eyecup, these dyes were avidly sequestered by the presynaptic terminals of virtually all rods, cones, and bipolar and amacrine cells; ganglion cell dendrites and horizontal cells lacked significant dye accumulation. Other structures stained with these dyes included pigment epithelial cells, cone outer segments, and Müller cell end‐feet. Studies of dye uptake in dark‐ and light‐adapted preparations showed significant differences in the dye accumulation pattern in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), suggesting a dynamic, light‐modulated control of endocytotic activity. Presynaptic terminals in the IPL could be segregated on the basis of volume: bipolar varicosities in the IPL were typically larger than those of amacrine cells. The combination of retrograde labeling of ganglion cells and presynaptic terminal labeling with ADDs served as the experimental preparation for three‐dimensional reconstruction of both structures, based on dual detector, confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrate a new approach for studying synaptic interactions in retinal function. These findings provide new insights into the likely number and position of functional connections from amacrine and bipolar cell terminals onto ganglion cell dendrites. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:129–155, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of sequence, protein isoforms, and distribution of the hyaluronan‐binding protein RHAMM in adult and developing rat brain
Authors: Lynn B.D. , Li Xinbo , Cattini P.A. , Turley E.A. , Nagy J.I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe protein RHAMM (for “receptor for hyaluronan‐mediated motility”; CD168) is a member of the hyaladherin family of hyaluronan‐binding proteins. RHAMM has a role in cell signaling, migration, and adhesion via interactions with hyaluronan, microtubules, actin, calmodulin, and components of the extracellular regulated kinase (erk) signaling pathway. Based on previous findings of potentially similar roles in neural cells in culture, we investigated the molecular characteristics, protein expression profile, and distribution of RHAMM in rat brain. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using RNA isolated from adult rat brain yielded a single RHAMM sequence of 2.1 kilobases encoding a protein of 82.4 kDa. RHAMM is subject to alternate splicing in other systems, but no RT‐PCR evidence was found for splice variants in brain, although our analysis does not rule out this possibility. The amino acid sequence displayed homology with human and murine RHAMM (74% and 80%, respectively) but contained only one copy of a 21‐amino‐acid sequence that is repeated five times in the murine homologue. By using anti‐RHAMM antibodies, several RHAMM isoforms were identified in brain. Immunohistochemically, RHAMM was found in the vast majority of neurons and in many oligodendrocytes throughout brain, with heterogeneous levels among cell populations, and was confined to the somata and initial processes of these cells. RHAMM was detected in neurons of cerebral cortex and most subcortical and brainstem structures at postnatal day 1 and exhibited an adult distribution pattern by postnatal day 5. High levels were detected in oligodendrocytes by postnatal day 10. The widespread expression of RHAMM in adult and developing brain implies a role for this protein and its ligand hyaluronan in key events of cell signaling and cytoskeletal regulation in the CNS. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:315–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quenching of flames by fluid advection
Authors: Constantin Peter , Kiselev Alexander , Ryzhik Leonid 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider a simple scalar reaction‐advection‐diffusion equation with ignition‐type nonlinearity and discuss the following question: What kinds of velocity profiles are capable of quenching any given flame, provided the velocity's amplitude is adequately large? Even for shear flows, the answer turns out to be surprisingly subtle.If the velocity profile changes in space so that it is nowhere identically constant, (or if it is identically constant only in a region of small measure) then the flow can quench any initial data. But if the velocity profile is identically constant in a sizable region, then the ensuing flow is incapable of quenching large enough flames, no matter how much larger is the amplitude of this velocity. The constancy region must be wider across than a couple of laminar propagating front‐widths.The proof uses a linear PDE associated to the nonlinear problem and quenching follows when the PDE is hypoelliptic. The techniques used allow the derivation of new, nearly optimal bounds on the speed of traveling wave solutions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improvement of the contraction‐type LP test algorithm for finding all solutions of piecewise‐linear resistive circuits
Authors: Yamamura Kiyotaka , Tanaka Shigeru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter, an effective technique is proposed for improving the computational efficiency of the contraction‐type LP test algorithm, which is an algorithm for finding all solutions of piecewise‐linear resistive circuits. Using the proposed technique, all solutions of a large‐scale problem, where the number of variables is 100 and the number of linear regions is 10100, could be found in less than 10 min using a 360 MHz computer. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel flow cytometric technique for drug cytotoxicity gives results comparable to colony‐forming assays
Authors: Poot Martin , Silber John R. , Rabinovitch Peter S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundDrug sensitivity is commonly determined by assays that utilize colony formation to discriminate between surviving and lethally treated cells. These assays require cells with high plating efficiency that form discernible colonies, are time‐consuming and laborious, and require manual counting of large numbers of colonies. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed a flow cytometric technique that assays survival of proliferative capacity in cultured cells.MethodsLabeling with bromodeoxyuridine for 72 h followed by bivariate Hoechst 33258/ethidium bromide flow cytometry allows discrimination of nonproliferating cells from those that have undergone one to three divisions. Addition of an internal standard, chicken erythrocyte nuclei, permits determination of total cell number. To validate our assay, we used flow and colony‐forming assays to determine the sensitivity of cell lines derived from Werner syndrome patients and unaffected individuals to 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4NQO) and camptothecin.ResultsThe flow and colony‐forming assays yielded comparable sensitivity for each drug and essentially identical increases in drug sensitivity exhibited by Werner syndrome cells.ConclusionOur results indicate that the flow assay is a less laborious surrogate for colony‐forming assays. The flow technique will also facilitate the analysis of drug sensitivity in cells that are not amenable to colony‐forming assays. Cytometry 48:1–5, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic soft‐tissue sarcomas to lymph nodes
Authors: Khirwadkar Nitin , Dey Pranab , Das Ashim , Gupta Subhash K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper highlights the role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in 15 cases of metastatic soft‐tissue sarcomas involving lymph nodes. Histopathology reports of the primary tumor were available in all cases. Histological diagnoses correlated well with the cytology reports. The most common type of sarcoma to involve the lymph node was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (6 cases), followed by synovial sarcoma (2 cases), leiomyosarcoma (2 cases), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (2 cases), fibrosarcoma (1 case), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (1 case), and rhabdomyosarcoma (1 case). FNAC was thus helpful in the early diagnosis, proper staging, and management. Importantly, it obviated a lymph node biopsy in the majority of cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:229–232, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of a glomus tumor of the stomach
Authors: Vinette‐Leduc Danielle , Yazdi Hossein M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA glomus tumor of the stomach was found as an incidental finding on routine ultrasound in a 72‐yr‐old asymptomatic woman. A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed and was initially interpreted as a well‐differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm, possibly a carcinoid tumor. The aspirate revealed tightly packed nests or clusters of uniform, small, round to polygonal cells with scanty, faintly eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and ill‐defined cell borders. The nuclei were uniform, and round to oval, and contained a granular chromatin pattern and inconspicuous nucleoli. Very occasional intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were seen. Laparotomy and a wedge resection of the stomach were performed. The surgical pathology findings revealed a glomus tumor which was confirmed by immunohistochemical stains and ultrastructural studies. Since glomus tumors of the stomach are essentially benign and are amenable to conservative excision, it is important to separate them, preoperatively, from more aggressive gastric neoplasms. FNAB offers a rapid, cost‐effective method of diagnosing this entity. We present the cytological, histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical features of this particular gastric neoplasm, along with differential diagnoses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:340–342, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudallescheria: An underdiagnosed fungus?
Authors: Walts Ann E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPseudallescheria has been identified as one of the “clinically significant emerging mycoses” but has received little attention in the cytology literature. Recognition of this fungus is of particular importance clinically, because unlike most other fungi (including Aspergillus, with which it is most frequently confused), Pseudallescheria is not effectively treated with amphotericin B, the most frequently and often the only antifungal agent administered. Features helpful in the diagnosis of Pseudallescheria in cytologic material are presented. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:153–157. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the effects of early handling and early deprivation on maternal care in the rat
Authors: Pryce Christopher R. , Bettschen Daniela , Feldon Joram 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has been reported in the rat that postnatal manipulations can induce robust and persistent effects on offspring neurobiology and behavior, mediated in part via effects on maternal care. There have, however, been few studies of the effects of postnatal manipulations on maternal care. Here, we describe and compare the effects on maternal behavior on postnatal days 1–12 of two manipulations, early handling (EH, 15‐min isolation per day) and early deprivation (ED, 4‐hr isolation per day), relative to our normal postnatal husbandry procedure. Maternal behavior was measured at five time points across the dark phase of the reversed L:D cycle. EH yielded an increase in arched‐back nursing across several time points but did not affect any other behavior. ED stimulated a bout of maternal behavior such that licking and arched‐back nursing were increased at the time of dam–litter reunion, although not at any other time point. Neither EH nor ED affected weaning weight significantly. Importantly, within‐treatment variation was high relative to these between‐treatment effects. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 239–251, 2001
Efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone plus metformin in Mexicans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gómez‐Perez Francisco J. , Fanghänel‐Salmón Guillermo , Antonio Barbosa Juan , Montes‐Villarreal Juan , Berry Rhona A. , Warsi Ghulam , Gould Errol M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes is a growing problem in Mexico. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone 2 mg or 4 mg twice daily (bd) in combination with metformin 2.5 g/day in Mexican patients whose type 2 diabetes was inadequately controlled with metformin alone.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted at four centers in Mexico. A total of 116 patients were randomized to metformin 2.5 g/day plus placebo (n=39), metformin 2.5 g/day plus rosiglitazone 2 mg bd (n=37), or metformin 2.5 g/day plus rosiglitazone 4 mg bd (n=40) for 26 weeks.ResultsMean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels decreased significantly from baseline to Week 26 in the rosiglitazone 2 mg bd (−0.7%; p=0.0052) and 4 mg bd (−1.2%; p=0.0008) groups, but increased in the placebo group (+0.3%; p=0.2651). Mean fasting plasma glucose and fructosamine levels also improved significantly with metformin plus rosiglitazone therapy in a dose‐ordered manner compared with placebo (p≤0.0019 and p=0.0006, respectively). C‐peptide and immunoreactive insulin levels were decreased from baseline in both rosiglitazone groups. Although mean increases in total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol were observed in the rosiglitazone groups, the total cholesterol:HDL‐cholesterol ratio remained unchanged. The proportion of patients with one or more adverse events was similar across all three groups. There were no cases of hepatotoxicity.ConclusionAddition of rosiglitazone 2 mg bd and 4 mg bd to metformin therapy improved glycemic control in Mexican patients whose type 2 diabetes was inadequately controlled by metformin alone. Furthermore, the combination of rosiglitazone plus metformin was well tolerated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.