bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charlson syndrome index predicted survival in pancreatic cancer patients received immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Nan , Chen Shiyun , Shi Yue , Wang Zhikuan , Jia Ru , Dai Guanghai 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a widely utilized assessment tool for evaluating the mortality rate among patients with chronic diseases and tumors. Currently, there is a dearth of research investigating the correlation between CCI and survival rates in advanced pancreatic cancer patients received immunotherapy. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the association between CCI and survival rates in real-world settings for pancreatic cancer patients received immunotherapy.MethodsA total of 104 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who received immunotherapy at the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army between September 2015 and September 2020 were included in this study. The patients were categorized into two groups based on their Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores: low CCI group (CCI &lt;7) and high CCI group (CCI ≥7). The statistical analysis focused on examining the correlation between CCI score and survival outcome.ResultsThe high CCI group exhibited significantly lower overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to the low CCI group (p&lt;0.05). The median OS for the high CCI and low CCI groups were 7.82 and 44.17 months, respectively, while the median PFS were 2.40 and 6.40 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that high CCI was independently risk factor for both OS (HR=2.801, 95%CI: 1.433-5.472, p=0.003) and PFS (HR=2.546, 95%CI: 1.389-4.668, p=0.003).ConclusionThe CCI score serves as a significant independent predictive indicator for advanced pancreatic cancer patients received immunotherapy.
The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in maintaining health: a bibliometric study
Authors: Gao Fangfang , Cheng Canyu , Li Runwei , Chen Zongcun , Tang Ke , Du Guankui 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAkkermansia muciniphila, as a probiotic, is negatively linked to IBD, obesity, and T2DM. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the research status of Akkermansia muciniphila over the past decade and explore the relationships between this bacterium and various health-related aspects.MethodsTools VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and CiteSpace were used to analyze various aspects including publication metrics, contributors, institutions, geography, journals, funding, and keywords.ResultsOver the past decade, research on Akkermansia muciniphila has demonstrated a consistent annual growth in the number of publications, with a notable peak in 2021. China led in the number of publications, totaling 151, whereas the United States exhibited a higher centrality value. Among the 820 institutions involved in the research, the University of California (from the United States) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (from China) occupied central positions. Willem M. De Vos ranked at the top, with 12 publications and 1,108 citations. The journal GUT, which had 5,125 citations and an Impact Factor of 23.0 in 2024, was the most highly cited. The most cited articles deepened the understanding of the bacterium’s impact on human health, spanning from basic research to translational medicine. Thirty-nine high-frequency keywords were grouped into five clusters, illustrating Akkermansia muciniphila’s associations with metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, the gut-brain axis, intestinal inflammation, and Bacteroidetes-Firmicutes shifts.ConclusionGiven Akkermansia muciniphila’s anti-inflammatory and gut-barrier-strengthening properties, it holds promise as a therapeutic for obesity, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Therefore, future research should explore its potential further by conducting clinical trials, elucidating its mechanisms of action, and investigating its efficacy and safety in diverse patient populations.
Epidemiology and spatiotemporal analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Zhejiang province, China (2004–2023)
Authors: Sun Wanwan , Chen Yijuan , Qin Shuwen , Miao Ziping 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has become a significant public health issue in Zhejiang province. However, the analysis of epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of AHC in Zhejiang province has not been studied yet.MethodsMonthly cases of AHC from 2004 to 2023 reported at the county level in Zhejiang province were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic features, yearly county incidence, global spatial autocorrelation, local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and temporal and space–time cluster analysis were performed to identify and visualize the spatiotemporal patterns of AHC cases in Zhejiang province. The epidemiological characteristics of AHC outbreaks in the same period in Zhejiang province were also compared.ResultsA total of 52,119 AHC cases were reported in Zhejiang province, yielding an average incidence rate of 5.37 per 100,000. No fatalities were reported. The average age of those affected was 25.44 ± 4.37 years, with the highest incidence (16.70%) among individuals aged between 10 and 19 years. Seasonal peaks occur from August to October each year. Students and farmers experienced the highest incidence rates of infection. Significant positive spatial correlations for AHC were observed in Zhejiang province in the years 2007 (Moran’s I = 0.095, p = 0.039), 2009 (Moran’s I = 0.075, p = 0.031), and 2011 (Moran’s I = 0.173, p = 0.034), indicating spatial clustering. Spatiotemporal scanning identified two distinct clusters: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Cluster 1, characterized by a relative risk of 21.44 (p &lt; 0.001), was located in northeastern Zhejiang province, comprising 30 counties, with an active period from 1st September 2010 to 30th September 2010. Compared to low-risk regions, high-risk counties exhibited a different demographic profile with a higher proportion of men, older people, and farmers. Among the affected students during outbreaks, the predominant symptoms were conjunctival congestion, increased eye secretions, eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia and tearing, while the incidence of fever was relatively low.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of AHC cases in Zhejiang province and underscore the necessity for targeted prevention and control measures in high-risk areas to mitigate transmission and occurrence.
Systematic identification and quantification of factors and their interactions with age, sex, and panel wave influencing cognitive function in Korean older adults
Authors: Kim Eunmi , Oh Jinkyung , Gim Jungsoo , Huh Iksoo 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundCognitive decline in older adults is influenced by diverse factors, and degrees of influence of these factors may vary depending on sex, age cohorts, and passage of time. Moreover, these factors differ in their responsiveness to general interventions. Thus, identifying these factors including their interactions with age, sex, and panel wave and conducting a systematic quantification of their influences on cognitive function are both necessary for developing efficient intervention strategies.MethodsTo identify the influencing factors and their interactions, we applied a systematic stepwise variable selection using 2,535 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from Wave 5 (2014) to Wave 8 (2020). These factors were subsequently grouped based on their modifiability to investigate group-wise influences on cognitive function. For handling the longitudinal data, a generalized least squares method was used, and the degrees of influence of these factors were measured using the delta R2.ResultsTwelve variables had significant main effects on cognitive function in older adults. Among these variables, age interacted with sex, regular exercise, and marital status. Sex interacted with regular exercise, education level, and depressive symptoms. Wave number interacted with depressive symptoms and social activity. In addition, the group-wise delta R2 values were found to be 10.9, 6.3, and 5.9% in the difficult-to-modify, modifiable, and non-modifiable factor groups, respectively. Afterwards, we provided the delta R2 for each sub-population divided by the levels of age, sex, and wave number to examine how these factors changed the influences.ConclusionBased on the interaction and quantification results, we elucidated the characteristics of the influencing factors and their degrees of influence, and we suggest grouping factors based on their modifiability to systematically prevent cognitive decline in older adults.
Case report: Suspected propofol associated Heinz body anemia in five mechanically ventilated dogs: a historical case series
Authors: Ireland Emily M. , Sharp Claire R. , Leister Ellie M. , Boyd Susan 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe aim of this report is to raise awareness of the risk of oxidant-induced erythrocyte injury, including Heinz body (HB) anemia, in critically ill dogs by describing the condition in five dogs receiving constant rate infusions of propofol.Case summaryThis case series describes five dogs with suspected propofol-induced HB anemia undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) for lower motor neuron disease. Four of the five dogs were treated for tick paralysis (Ixodes holocyclus) and one was treated for suspected eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation. Propofol constant rate infusions were administered as part of total intravenous anesthesia. All five dogs became anemic, and a complete blood count and blood smear interpretation by a specialist clinical pathologist confirmed the presence of oxidative red blood cell injury (eccentrocytosis and HBs). The duration of MV ranged from 76 to 131 h, with HBs identified within 47–96 h of commencing propofol. All five dogs survived to discharge, with one dog requiring a blood transfusion.DiscussionWhile propofol-induced HB anemia is a recognized phenomenon in cats, to the author’s knowledge, this is the first case series detailing multiple occurrences in dogs. Veterinarians should be aware of the risk of propofol-induced oxidative erythrocyte injury in dogs receiving prolonged infusions of propofol, and consider risk mitigation by using propofol as part of multiagent intravenous anesthesia, keeping dose rates as low as possible, and daily monitoring of blood smears and red blood cell indices.
Immunomodulatory and growth-promoting effects of Rauwolfia serpentina root powder in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum
Authors: Zhang Yingyu , Rehman Hiba , Khattak Farina , Tariq Maryam , Khan Bushra Nisar , Chaman Sadia , Riaz Ayaesha , Ovais Omer Muhammad , Ali Aqib , un Nisa Qamar , Muddassir Ali Muhammad , Saleem Gulbeena 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAmid growing concern about antimicrobial resistance due to the irrational use of antibiotics in treating common poultry diseases, particularly Salmonella which is a foodborne pathogen in humans. This study investigates the effects of ethnoveterinary supplementation of Rauwolfia serpentina (L. Benth. ex Kurz) powder (RSP) on three key immune-related genes; Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), the quiescence-related gene P20K (P20K), and the major histocompatibility complex Class IIβ (MHC class IIβ), gut morphology and growth performance of broiler chicks infected with Salmonella Gallinarum.MethodsTwo hundred and forty day-old Hubbard classic chickens were randomly assigned to four groups: non-challenged control (NC), and Salmonella Gallinarum challenge group (SGC), and two treatment groups fed a basic diet supplemented with 1.5% Rauwolfia serpentina powder (RSP) with SGC (RSP-1) and 3% RSP with SGC (RSP-2), respectively, from day 3 till 28 days of age. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 15 bird/replicate pen. On day 7, all the birds in the RSP-1, RSP-2 and SGC groups received 1 ml of BHI broth containing 2 × 108 CFU of Salmonella Gallinarum via oral gavage. While control birds received an equivalent volume of sterile BHI broth. Gene expression analysis was conducted using real-time PCR to measure the expression of key immune-related genes: SOCS3, P20K, and MHC Class IIβ in spleen, liver, and caeca. Additionally, histopathological assessments of gut and growth performance parameters including feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored throughout the experimental period.ResultThe gene expression analysis at 3 and 21 days post-challenge revealed that SGC birds had significantly higher SOCS3, P20K, and lower MHC class IIβ expression (p &lt; 0.001) in the caecum, liver, and spleen of broiler chickens. In contrast, the RSP-1 and RSP-2 groups showed significantly lower SOCS3 and P20K expression (p &lt; 0.001), alongside improved gut morphology, weight gain, and FCR compared to the SGC group, with these benefits increasing over time.ConclusionIn conclusion, these findings suggest that Rauwolfia serpentina supplementation modulates key immune-related gene expression (SOCS3, P20K, and MHC class IIβ), enhances intestinal health, and improves growth performance in broilers challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum.
Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Graft Infections with Xenogeneic Grafts—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Święszek Agnieszka , Kruczek Wiktor , Serafin Michał , Łyko-Morawska Dorota , Urbanek Tomasz , Kuczmik Wacław 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Vascular graft infections (VGEIs) are rare but severe complications in vascular surgery. The choice of reconstruction material following graft removal is critical, particularly for infection prevention. This study evaluates the use of No-React® BioIntegral Surgical Grafts, made from bovine pericardium, in the treatment of VGEIs. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 12 patients (mean age 66.5 years; 67% male) treated between 2020 and 2022 was conducted. The follow-up period included in the study extended from the date of the procedure to 30 June 2024. Results: The study observed a 0% reinfection rate, underscoring the anti-infective potential of No-React® grafts. However, in-hospital complications were frequent, affecting six (50%) patients, with sepsis (3; 25%) related to preoperative VGEIs being the most common. Most importantly, in-hospital mortality was notably high (42%), primarily driven by infection-related sepsis. The overall complication rate after discharge was 14%, with only one case of graft occlusion (1/7) observed. Among discharged patients (7; 58%), the three-month survival rate was 71%. In-hospital complications were a predictive factor for overall survival (OS) (HR = 15.88, 95% CI = 1.81–139.47). Conclusions: Xenogeneic No-React® grafts show promise for managing VGEIs, offering low reinfection rates. However, high morbidity and mortality underline the challenges of treating patients with severe VGEIs. Early postoperative complications were a key predictor of OS. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols for VGEIs.
EXPLORING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Lingli Luy , Guzikova Liudmila 
Published: February 2025

In the context of globalization and regional integration, the sustainable development of China's regional economy has become the key to achieving long-term national prosperity and social stability. The purpose of this paper is to deeply analyze the imbalance of China's regional economic development. This paper uses the entropy method to look at the long-term economic growth of 10 Chinese provinces (municipalities) from 2012 to 2021. It does this by building a full evaluation system with 19 indicators based on the five development concepts of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing. The research finds that the eastern coastal region has the best performance in sustainable economic development, while the central, western, and northeastern regions are lagging behind. There is a tendency for the development gap between regions to widen. This paper underscores that innovation and openness serve as the primary catalysts for sustainable economic development. It proposes policy recommendations, including bolstering regional coordinated development, fostering innovation, broadening openness to the external world, and optimizing resource allocation, to facilitate balanced regional economic development in China.
THE EFFECTS OF USING MULTIMEDIA ON GUANGXI ZHUANG CULTURE TO IMPROVE THE FIRST-YEAR SECONDARY VOCATIONAL SCHOOL CHINESE STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE HISTORY LESSONS
Authors: Shi Jingfei , Sakulwongs Nipaporn 
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to explore the effects and investigate the satisfaction of first-year secondary vocational school students in China with the use of multimedia on Guangxi Zhuang culture in their history lessons. For this study, we used thirty students as research subjects. We collected quantitative data through four lesson plans, a pre-test, a post-test, and a questionnaire, and analyzed the results using means, standard deviations, and paired samples t-tests. The results showed that the mean of the pre-test was 16.67 (SD = 2.02) and the mean of the post-test was 22.73 (SD = 2.39). The use of multimedia on Guangxi Zhuang culture significantly improved the learning achievement in the history lessons. All the items in the questionnaire received high ratings, and the majority of students in the sample group expressed satisfaction with the use of multimedia on Guangxi Zhuang culture in the history lessons. This study provided new teaching ideas for history lessons in ethnic areas and helped Chinese teachers use multimedia combined with ethnic culture to make the classroom richer and more effective.
Neuroetyka
Authors: Chyrowicz Barbara 
Published: February 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Neuroetyka jest interdyscyplinarną dziedziną badawczą sytuującą się na skrzyżowaniu bioetyki i neuronauk; obok filozoficznych obejmuje także kwestie psychologiczne, psychiatryczne, socjologiczne i prawne. Jej przedmiotem są zarówno etyczne aspekty badań w obszarze neurobiologii, jak i wpływ funkcjonowania mózgu (systemu nerwowego) na moralne działanie człowieka.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Jakkolwiek sam termin „neuroetyka” pojawiał się wcześniej, początek neuroetyki jako odrębnej dziedziny badawczej datuje się na rok 2002. Przez minione dwadzieścia lat neuroetycy nakreślili obszar prowadzonych w jej obszarze badań, stawiając nowe, uwarunkowane rozwojem neuronauki pytania.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Poruszane w neuroetyce problemy analizowane są w ramach dwóch zasadniczych działów: etyki neuronauki i neuronakowych podstaw etyki. Pierwszy można uznać za kontynuację sposobu, w jaki stawiane są pytania w bioetyce, chodzi mianowicie o etyczne aspekty praktycznego zastosowania osiągnięć neuronauki. Drugi koncentruje się wokół pytań o podstawę ich oceniania, szukając związków między funkcjonowaniem systemu nerwowego (mózgu) a formułowaniem sądów moralnych.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Przyjmowane przez autorów poszukujących neuronaukowych podstaw etyki rozstrzygnięcia pozostają uwarunkowane przesłankami natury metaetycznej i antropologicznej: uznaniem, względnie odrzuceniem naturalistycznej podstawy sądów moralnych oraz granic ingerowania w ludzką naturę.
Etyka w świetle katolickiej nauki społecznej
Authors: Moń Ryszard 
Published: February 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Etyka rozważana w świetle katolickiej nauki społecznej jest nauką o moralności przejawiającej się w ludzkim postępowaniu według określonych zasad przyjmowanych bądź przez konkretnego człowieka, bądź przez całą społeczność i ma ona swoje ostateczne uzasadnienie w wykładni Kościoła. Posługuje się metodami filozoficznymi, ale ostatecznie odwołuje się do argumentów zaczerpniętych z Pisma Świętego i teologii, przez co uzupełnia badany materiał głównie o przedstawianą argumentację.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Analizy historyczne pokazują, że dociekano, czy swoistość etyki sprowadza się tylko do różnej motywacji podejmowanych działań, czy odnosi się również do przedstawianej argumentacji, a także różnic treściowych. Okazuje się, że w punkcie wyjścia (terminus a quo) może być niezależna od religii i nauki Kościoła, ale taką nie jest w punkcie dojścia (terminus ad quem).
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Ważne jest dokładne oddzielenie przedmiotu materialnego od formalnego, a także określenie celu, by można było rozstrzygnąć, czy etyka ma być opisem norm uznawanych przez daną społeczność, czy też ostatecznym wyjaśnieniem, dlaczego jedne normy są słuszne, a inne nie. A co najważniejsze – domaga się ona przyjęcia pewnej wizji człowieka i społeczności, która znajduje swoją wykładnię i dopełnienie w katolickiej nauce społecznej. Także konkretne rozstrzygnięcia, zwłaszcza w sferze społecznej, zależą od uznania bądź nie nauki Kościoła.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Swoistości etyki postrzeganej w świetle katolickiej nauki społecznej należy szukać na poziomie antropologii, gdzie za cel etyki przyjmuje się ostateczne wyjaśnianie fenomenu doświadczania powinności/wartości poprzez odwołanie się do katolickiej wizji człowieka i społeczeństwa. Dotyczy to zarówno poziomu formułowania norm szczegółowych, jak i uwzględniania okoliczności dokonywania poszczególnych czynów, zwłaszcza w wymiarze społecznym, a także rozumienia cnót i wartości.
Konkurencyjność eksportu i jej miary
Authors: Bombińska Elżbieta 
Published: February 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Konkurencyjność eksportu to cecha kraju (branży) wyrażająca się w umiejętności skutecznej rywalizacji na międzynarodowych rynkach towarów i usług.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Badania nad konkurencyjnością wywodzą się z analiz obszaru zarządzania prowadzonych na poziomie przedsiębiorstwa. Ich dynamiczny rozwój rozpoczął się jednak w latach 70. XX wieku, kiedy w rozważaniach dotyczących konkurencyjności zaczęto również ujmować gospodarki krajowe, grupy krajów, branże oraz regiony.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Problemy badawcze konkurencyjności eksportu obejmują: identyfikację wielkości, struktury i dynamiki zmian przewag konkurencyjnych, ocenę stosowanych cenowych i pozacenowych sposobów konkurowania na rynkach zagranicznych, a także dobór odpowiedniego zestawu miar konkurencyjności eksportu.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Kształtowanie się konkurencyjności eksportu jest z jednej strony odzwierciedleniem konkurencyjności czynnikowej kraju, z drugiej zaś jej determinantą. Ocena konkurencyjności eksportu wymaga odniesienia do etapu rozwoju gospodarczego kraju i powinna mieć charakter dynamiczny, obejmując analizę zmian zachodzących w strukturze przewag konkurencyjnych. W badaniach postuluje się stosowanie jak największej liczby odpowiednio dobranych wskaźników, umożliwiających wielowymiarową ocenę tej kategorii ekonomicznej.
Międzynarodowy rynek finansowy
Authors: Janicka Małgorzata 
Published: February 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Międzynarodowy rynek finansowy to miejsce zawierania transakcji finansowych wraz z jego uczestnikami, instrumentami i regulacjami prawnymi.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Geneza powstania rynków finansowych zbiega się z rozpoczęciem wymiany produktów i usług między podmiotami. Za pierwszy międzynarodowy rynek finansowy uważa się rynek dłużny w Wenecji, zaś pierwsza międzynarodowa giełda papierów wartościowych powstała w Antwerpii.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Badania w tym obszarze są wielowątkowe – poczynając od analizy zaawansowania globalizacji rynków finansowych poprzez badanie zachodzących w skali międzynarodowej procesów konsolidacji i koncentracji, które sprzyjają peryferyzacji krajowych rynków finansowych.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Międzynarodowe rynki finansowe funkcjonują od kryzysu do kryzysu, cechuje je asymetria informacji, nie są nadzorowane i kontrolowane w skali ponadnarodowej, a ich eksterytorialne segmenty mogą generować zagrożenia systemowe. Trudne do przewidzenia są konsekwencje postępu technologicznego, który zwykle bywa postrzegany jako akcelerator rozwoju tych rynków.