bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory and motor deficits as contributors to early cognitive impairment
Authors: Sayyid Zahra N. , Wang Hang , Cai Yurun , Gross Alden L. , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Deal Jennifer A. , Lin Frank R. , Wanigatunga Amal A. , Dougherty Ryan J. , Tian Qu , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Schrack Jennifer A. , Resnick Susan M. , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAge‐related sensory and motor impairment are associated with risk of dementia. No study has examined the joint associations of multiple sensory and motor measures on prevalence of early cognitive impairment (ECI).METHODSSix hundred fifty participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging completed sensory and motor function tests. The association between sensory and motor function and ECI was examined using structural equation modeling with three latent factors corresponding to multisensory, fine motor, and gross motor function.RESULTSThe multisensory, fine, and gross motor factors were all correlated (r = 0.74 to 0.81). The odds of ECI were lower for each additional unit improvement in the multisensory (32%), fine motor (30%), and gross motor factors (12%).DISCUSSIONThe relationship between sensory and motor impairment and emerging cognitive impairment may guide future intervention studies aimed at preventing and/or treating ECI.Highlights
Sensorimotor function and early cognitive impairment (ECI) prevalence were assessed via structural equation modeling.
The degree of fine and gross motor function is associated with indicators of ECI.
The degree of multisensory impairment is also associated with indicators of ECI.
Dyssynchronous heart failure models in canines: New insights into electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and histological features
Authors: Jin Han , Yang Shengwen , Huang Hao , Cheng Sijing , He Pengkang , Weng Sixian , Gu Min , Niu Hongxia , Hua Wei , Hu Yiran , Li Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the similarities and differences between two experimental approaches using tachy‐pacing technology to induce desynchronized heart failure in canines.MethodsA total of eight dogs were included in the experiment, four were tachy‐paced in right ventricle apex (RVAP) and 4 were paced in right atrium after the ablation of left bundle branch to achieve left bundle branch block (RAP+LBBB). Three weeks of follow‐up were conducted to observe the changes in cardiac function and myocardial staining was performed at the end of the experiment.ResultsBoth experimental approaches successfully established heart failure with reduced ejection fraction models, with similar trends in declining cardiac function. The RAP+LBBB group exhibited a prolonged overall ventricular activation time, delayed left ventricular activation, and lesser impact on the right ventricle. The RVAP approach led to a reduction in overall right ventricular compliance and right ventricular enlargement. The RAP+LBBB group exhibited significant reductions in left heart compliance (LVGLS, %: RAP+LBBB −12.60 ± 0.12 to −5.93 ± 1.25; RVAP −13.28 ± 0.62 to −8.05 ± 0.63, p = 0.023; LASct, %: RAP+LBBB −15.75 ± 6.85 to −1.50 ± 1.00; RVAP −15.75 ± 2.87 to −10.05 ± 6.16, p = 0.035). Histological examination revealed more pronounced fibrosis in the left ventricular wall and left atrium in the RAP+LBBB group while the RVAP group showed more prominent fibrosis in the right ventricular myocardium.ConclusionBoth approaches establish HFrEF models with comparable trends. The RVAP group shows impaired right ventricular function, while the RAP+LBBB group exhibits more severe decreased compliance and fibrosis in left ventricle.
Spatiotemporal Utilization of Latent Heat in Erythritol‐based Phase Change Materials as Solar Thermal Fuels
Authors: Chen Jie , Kou Yan , Zhang Shihui , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Hanqing , Yan Huiming , Shi Quan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolar thermal fuels (STFs) have been particularly concerned as sustainable future energy due to their impressive ability to store solar energy in chemical bonds and controllably release thermal energy. However, currently studied STFs mainly focus on molecule‐based materials with high photochemical activity, toxicity, and compromised features, which greatly restricts their applications in practical scenarios of solar energy utilization. Herein, we present a novel erythritol‐based composite phase change material (PCM) as a new type of STFs with an outstanding capability to store solar energy as latent heat in its stable supercooling state and release thermal energy as needed. This composite PCM with stored thermal energy can be maintained stably at room temperature and subsequently release latent heat as high as 224.9 J/g during the crystallization process triggered by thermal stimuli. Remarkably, solar energy can be converted into latent heat stored in the composite PCM over months. Through mechanical stimulations, the released latent heat can increase the temperature of the composite up to 91 °C. This work presents a new concept of using spatiotemporal storage and release of latent heat in PCMs for solar energy utilization, making it a potential candidate as STFs for developing future clean energy techniques.
Preparation and characterization of green‐based anti‐ultraviolet and antidripping biodegradable film
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Fayong , Xie Dong , Li Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe biodegradable materials cannot meet the requirements as the agricultural film due to the poor UV resistance and antidripping performance. The work herein thus presented the development of the green‐based anti‐ultraviolet and antidripping multifunctional composite films using poly(butyleneadipate‐co‐terephthalate), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), and soybean protein isolate (SPI) as the raw materials in the presence of other agents. The resulting composite films were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry analysis (TG), UV, and rheometer measurements. The morphology changed obviously after introducing the MFC and SPI into the substrate film. In addition, the results indicated that the addition of MFC and SPI had a positive effect on the thermal stability and heat preservation of the film, respectively. The contact angle results indicated that SPI was an ideal antidripping agent and the MFC could be used as the release agent. The time of the first water drop of the film containing 2.5 g MFC and 2.0 g SPI was 6 min and 46 s, and the time of each 10 drops was less than 60 s, showing the advantages of using MFC as the release agent and SPI as the antidripping agent. The resulting multifunctional biodegradable films can be widely used in the agricultural and packaging fields.
Oral stereotypic behaviors in farm animals and their causes
Authors: Li Chenyang , Gu Xianhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh stocking density and suboptimal conditions limit animal behaviors in modern livestock farming. This is particularly evident in captive animals, in which the motivation for foraging behavior is often thwarted. Oral stereotypic behaviors are common in farm animals. Ruminants (e.g., cattle and sheep) show oral stereotypic behaviors such as tongue‐rolling, self‐sucking, and inter‐sucking. Captive pigs exhibit oral stereotypic behaviors such as bar‐biting, sham‐chewing, and ear‐biting. Chickens peck at drinkers, feeders, and pens. Stereotypic behavior in livestock can be reduced by selecting a specific diet composition that prolongs their eating time and increases their satiety. Furthermore, reducing stocking density and enriching the farming environment encourage livestock to explore and reduce stereotypic behavior. It is important to note that stereotypic behavior is also influenced by organismal physiology. Stereotypic behavior was considered an indicator of poor animal welfare. However, recent research has revealed that animals engage in stereotypic behavior as a response to external stimuli, aiming to alleviate the negative impact of these stimuli on their well‐being. Animals that frequently show stereotypic behavior may have higher levels of stress. Certain stress indicators also affect the expression of stereotypic behavior, such as 5‐hydroxytryptamine and dopamine. Consequently, further investigation is necessary to understand how stereotypic behaviors affect the physiological state and metabolic processes of animals. This paper discusses the research progress on the oral stereotypic behaviors of farm animals. The objective is to establish a foundation for enhancing livestock feeding conditions and optimizing feeding practices, ultimately reducing stereotypic behaviors.
Determination of lead(II) in food samples using a functionalized paper‐based fluorescent sensor modified by carbon dots
Authors: Aboobakri Elias , Heidari Tahereh , Jahani Moslem 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work discusses surface modification of cellulose paper specimens for compatibility with nitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon dots (NSCDs) for lead ion sensing. The interaction of carbon dots (CDs) and cellulose fibers was investigated using silane or chitosan‐modified cellulose papers. It was found that modified papers could reduce undesirable redistribution of CDs, during paper drying. Also, only chitosan‐modified filter paper was suitable for the successful immobilization of NSCDs. The effect of paper type, chitosan amount, pH, and NSCDs concentration was also studied, and a Whatman No. 42 filter paper modified with chitosan (1% w/v), pH 8.0, and an NSCD concentration of 2.5 g L−1being selected for further studies. The sensor exhibited high selectivity for lead(II) compared with other metal ions because lead(II) resulted in the most significant changes in the emitted light intensity. Variations in NSCDs fluorescence were measured using a fluorescence imaging system. The NSCDs‐paper sensor showed a linear relationship between mean fluorescence intensity and lead(II) in the concentration range of 5.00–1.25 × 102 μmol L−1with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9988 and a detection limit of 4.50 μmol L−1. The suggested method showed satisfying results for lead(II) determination in different samples as a fast and low‐cost approach with on‐site application.
Dual cytoplasmic‐peroxisomal compartmentalization engineering and multiple metabolic engineering strategies for high yield non‐psychoactive cannabinoid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ding Yun‐kun , Ning Yuan , Xin Di , Fu Yu‐jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCBG (Cannabigerol), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, has garnered attention due to its extensive antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the natural content of CBG in Cannabis sativa L. is minimal. In this study, we developed an engineered cell factory for CBG production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We introduced the CBGA biosynthetic pathway into S. cerevisiae and employed several strategies to enhance CBGA production. These strategies included dynamically inhibiting the competitive bypass of key metabolic pathways regulated by Erg20p. Additionally, we implemented a dual cytoplasmic‐peroxisomal compartmentalization approach to further increase CBGA production. Furthermore, we ensured efficient CBGA production by optimizing NADPH and acetyl‐CoA pools. Ultimately, our engineered strain achieved a CBG titer of 138 mg L−1 through fed‐batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, facilitated by microwave decarboxylation extraction. These findings underscore the significant potential of yeast cell factories for achieving higher yields in cannabinoid production.
A deep‐well plate enabled automated high‐throughput cell line development platform
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Quiroz Jorge , Zhang Yixiao , Pan Jessica , Lai Zhong , Du Zhimei , Liu Ren 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCell line development (CLD) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing process development of therapeutic biologics. Most biologics are produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Because of the nature of random transgene integration in CHO genome and CHO's inherent plasticity, stable CHO transfectants usually have a vast diversity in productivity, growth, and product quality. Thus, we often must resort to screening a large number of cell pools and clones to increase the probability of identifying the ideal production cell line, which is a very laborious and resource‐demanding process. Here we have developed a deep‐well plate (DWP) enabled high throughput (DEHT) CLD platform using 24‐well DWP (24DWP), liquid handler, and other automation components. This platform has capabilities covering the key steps of CLD including cell passaging, clone imaging and expansion, and fed‐batch production. We are the first to demonstrate the suitability of 24DWP for CLD by confirming minimal well‐to‐well and plate‐to‐plate variability and the absence of well‐to‐well cross contamination. We also demonstrated that growth, production, and product quality of 24DWP cultures were comparable to those of conventional shake flask cultures. The DEHT platform enables scientists to screen five times more cultures than the conventional CLD platform, thus significantly decreases the resources needed to identify an ideal production cell line for biologics manufacturing.
Editorial comment: SYNTAX score II 2020 as a tool for decision making on revascularization strategy in high‐risk patients with complex coronary artery disease
Authors: Aleksandric Srdjan , Beleslin Branko 
Published: February 2024

Key points
SYNTAX Score II 2020 outperforms both the anatomical SYNTAX Score and SYNTAX Score II in terms of predicting all‐cause mortality during long‐term follow‐up among patients with complex coronary artery disease (left main coronary artery disease, three‐vessel disease, or both) and chronic renal insufficiency undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
A predicted all‐cause mortality of the SYNTAX Score II 2020 >7% significantly adversely affected the observed all‐cause mortality in patients with complex coronary artery disease and chronic renal insufficiency undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
For prospective validation of the SYNTAX score II 2020 model in patients with complex coronary artery disease, particularly those with moderate‐to‐severe chronic renal insufficiency (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2), further adequately powered, randomized trials of percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery must be conducted, with long‐term follow‐up.
Left atrial appendage closure and advanced chronic kidney disease: Another string to the bow
Authors: D'Amico Gianpiero , Gallo Francesco 
Published: February 2024

Key points
Patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are underrepresented in left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) studies, despite their higher fragility and greater intolerance to antithrombotic therapy.
LAAO appears to be safe and effective in reducing thromboembolic and bleeding recurrences both in patients with and without advanced CKD.
Despite favorable ischemic and bleeding outcomes, patients with severe CKD experienced higher mortality rate, compared to those without severe CKD
Daptomycin plus ceftaroline salvage therapy for persistent Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia
Authors: Zhang Hayden , Tran Kylie , Lindley Richard , Dotel Ravindra 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageInitial antibiotics for true Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia include vancomycin or linezolid, but if bacteremia persists, consideration should be made for salvage combination therapy regimes such as daptomycin with ceftaroline.
Transient blindness due to mild reversible encephalopathy in a 7‐year‐old boy
Authors: Shekari Shima , Farsi Farima , Ashrafzadeh Farah , Imannezhad Shima , Niazi Ahmad Sohrab , Kamali Samane 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageMild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare phenomenon, which shows transient lesion in corpus callosum and causes temporary encephalopathy features. A disturbance of consciousness and abnormal and delirious behavior are the most significant neurological symptoms. A seven‐year‐old child with a history of fever and cough was admitted to our hospital due to sudden bilateral blindness. His physical examination showed confusion, fever, and delirious behavior. No sign of meningeal irritation or focal neurological deficit was observed. The electroencephalogram showed diffuse slow waves representing mild encephalopathy. Brain MRI showed a signal alteration in the splenium of the corpus callosum, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was normal. This finding was suggestive of a reversible cytotoxic lesion. Treatment with empiric antivirals was initiated, and the symptoms were completely resolved. In a few children, sudden blindness has been reported to be an initial symptom of MERS. There is currently no evidence of efficient treatment methods. However, to convince patients and their families about the good outcome of the disease, the diagnosis of MERS provides pediatricians with useful prognostic information.
Effect of carbon oxygen functionalization on the activity of Pd/C catalysts in hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Stucchi M. , Capelli S. , Villa A. , Vandegehuchte B. D. , Prati L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the effects of oxygen functionalities on a mesoporous and graphitized carbon support (GNP, Graphene Nanoplatelets), on the catalytic activity of Pd/GNP catalysts in hydrogenation reactions. A functionalization method in liquid phase has been employed, using different oxidants (HNO3, H2O2, KMnO4), with the aim to tune the amount and the type of introduced oxygen functionalities. Preformed Pd nanoparticles have been used as Pd‐precursor to limit differences in metal particle size and dispersion on differently functionalized carbon. The catalytic behaviour in benzaldehyde hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis to benzyl alcohol and toluene revealed that the introduction of oxygen functionalities has a generally detrimental effect. NMR relaxometry studies highlighted the weaker interaction between the carbonyl group and the functionalized Pd/GNP surface than the non–functionalized Pd/GNP demonstrating that the origin of the different catalytic activity lies on the first step of the reaction. O‐functionalities also impacted on the Pd0/Pd2+ ratio at the surface which is an established parameter correlated to the reaction rate.
Image‐based characterization of flocculation processes through PLS inspired representation learning in convolutional neural networks
Authors: Baum Andreas , Moiseyenko Rayisa , Glanville Simon , Martini Jørgensen Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMonitoring of flocculation processes such as those used in downstream processing of a fermentation broth is essential for process control. One approach is to apply microscopic imaging combined with image analysis for characterizing the state of the process. In this work, we investigate and compare the use of supervised feedforward convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures to predict the process states from the image information and compare the results with the traditional alternative of characterizing flocs based on manually engineered image features guided by human expertise. From a well‐defined image data set representing six process states, the objective is to establish end‐to‐end classification models which are accurate but at the same time learn meaningful latent variable space representations. Specifically, we evaluate three different CNN architectures with varying degrees of regularization and compare results with logistic regression models based on inputs from two different traditional feature engineering methods. By applying global average pooling as a structural regularizer to the CNN architecture, we significantly improve the generalization performance in comparison with the classification accuracies of the traditional feature engineered models. Furthermore, we show that by imposing a projection to latent structures (PLS) like regularization framework onto the CNN, it can also learn a latent variable representation that mimics the features selected by human expertise.
Co(II) Substitution Enhances the Esterase Activity of a de Novo Designed Zn(II) Carbonic Anhydrase
Authors: Borghesani Valentina , Zastrow Melissa L. , Tolbert Audrey E. , Deb Aniruddha , Penner‐Hahn James E. , Pecoraro Vincent L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbonic Anhydrases (CAs) have been a target for de novo protein designers due to the simplicity of the active site and rapid rate of the reaction. The first reported mimic contained a Zn(II) bound to three histidine imidazole nitrogens and an exogenous water molecule, hence closely mimicking the native enzymes’ first coordination sphere. Co(II) has served as an alternative metal to interrogate CAs due to its d7 electronic configuration for more detailed solution characterization. We present here the Co(II) substituted [Co(II)(H2O/OH−)]N(TRIL2WL23H)3n+ that behaves similarly to native Co(II) substituted human‐CAs. Like the Zn(II) analogue, the cobalt‐derivative at slightly basic pH is incapable of hydrolyzing p‐nitrophenylacetate (pNPA); however, as the pH is increased a significant activity develops, which at pH values above 10 eventually yields a catalytic efficiency that exceeds that of the [Zn(II)(OH−)]N(TRIL2WL23H)3+ peptide complex. X‐ray absorption analysis is consistent with an octahedral species at pH 7.5 that converts to a 5‐coordinate species by pH 11. UV‐vis spectroscopy can monitor this transition, giving a pKa for the conversion of 10.3. We assign this conversion to the formation of a 5‐coordinate Co(II)(Nimid)3(OH)(H2O) species. The pH dependent kinetic analysis indicates the maximal rate (kcat), and thus the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km), follow the same pH profile as the spectroscopic conversion to the pentacoordinate species. This correlation suggests that the chemically irreversible ester hydrolysis corresponds to the rate determining process.
Intermolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Biosystems: Impact of Conformational Transitions and Multiple Channels on Kinetics
Authors: Zanetti‐Polzi Laura , Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Daidone Isabella 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEstimating the kinetics of electron transfer (ET) processes in biologically relevant systems using theoretical‐computational methods remains a formidable task. This challenge arises from the inherent complexity of these systems, which makes it impractical to apply a fully quantum‐mechanical treatment. Hybrid quantum mechanical/classical mechanical computational approaches have been devised to enable the explicit simulation of electron transfer kinetics. This concept article focuses on a specific theoretical‐computational method employed in this context, namely the Perturbed Matrix Method (PMM), which has the merit of being able to include large‐scale conformational effects in the ET kinetics and potential multiple, alternative, ET channels. We describe its underlying physical principles, examine its advantages and limitations, and offer insights into its applications. Examples of the approach are discussed in the context of estimating photo‐induced electron transfer kinetics in proteins. The non‐exponential behavior observed in the presented case studies mainly arises from an active coupling with the environment fluctuations, but also partly stems from the presence of branching ET pathways.