bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerted Contribution of Cu–O Coordination and Hydrogen Bonds in N,N-Bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)alkylamine–Copper–Solvent System
Authors: Phongtamrug Suttinun , Miyata Mikiji , Chirachanchai Suwabun 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
N,N-Bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl)methylamine shows a dimeric molecular assembly to accept copper ions and neutral molecule guests, i.e., water, methanol, and ethanol. The present work declares a representative supramolecular structure of which the host–guest interactions are based on the simultaneous coordination and hydrogen bonds.
Synthesis of Magnetite Nanorods through Reduction of β-FeOOH
Authors: Peng Zhenmeng , Wu Mingzai , Xiong Ying , Wang Jun , Chen Qianwang 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Magnetite nanorods were fabricated by hydrothermal reduction of β-FeOOH nanorods at 160 °C for 20 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and TEM were used to characterize structures and morphologies of the samples. On the basis of these methods, the growth mechanism was discussed. Also, the magnetic properties of the samples were characterized on a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
Preparation of tert-Alkyl Aryl Sulfides from tert-Alcohols via Quinone-mediated Oxidation–Reduction Condensation between tert-Alkyl Diphenylphosphinites and 2-Sulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole
Authors: Ikegai Kazuhiro , Pluempanupat Wanchai , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
A convenient two-step procedure for the construction of sulfur-containing quaternary centers from tert-alcohols involving chiral ones is established. tert-Alkyl diphenylphosphinites 1 were easily prepared in excellent yields from tert-alcohols and ClPPh2 by the combined use of Et3N and a catalytic amount of DMAP. Subsequent condensation of 1 with thiol 3 smoothly proceeded in the presence of quinone 2d to afford the corresponding tert-alkyl sulfides 4 in good to high yields via SN2 displacement. Removal of benzothiazol-2-yl group of (R)-4j was achieved with LiAlH4 to afford the desired chiral thiol (R)-5 in high yield.
Pd/WO3–ZrO2 as an Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Oxidation of Ethylene to Acetic Acid in the Vapor Phase
Authors: Chu Wenling , Ooka Yasunobu , Kamiya Yuichi , Okuhara Toshio , Hattori Hideshi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Pd supported on WO3–ZrO2 calcined at temperatures of 973–1073 K exhibits a high activity and selectivity for the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid in the vapor phase. The space time yield (STY) per unit volume of catalyst is higher for Pd/WO3–ZrO2 than for Pd/H4SiW12O40–SiO2, the best catalyst reported to date.
Complexation of Cm(III) with aqueous silicic acid
Authors: Panak Petra J. , Kim M. A. , Klenze R. , Kim Jae-Il , Fanghänel Thomas 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe complexation of248Cm(III) with aqueous silicic acid is investigated in the pH range of 1.5–9.0 in 0.03 M NaCl with varying the silicate concentration under and over saturation in reference to the solubility of amorphous silica in order to characterize the reaction with monosilicic and polysilicic acid. Speciation is made by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in combination with radiometric quantification. Three different complexation products are observed: Cm-silicate(I), Cm-silicate(II) and Cm-silicate(III). The first and second species are formed in under-saturation of silicic acid, whereas all three species are produced in over-saturation of silicic acid. The formation of Cm-silicate(I) following the reaction of Cm3+with H3SiO4−appears in both under and over-saturation of silicic acid only as a minor fraction at pH=4–7. Cm-silicate(II) and Cm-silicate(III) are found to be colloidal. Cm-silicate(II) shows its spectroscopic characteristics varying with the experimental condition, whereas Cm-silicate(III) formed exclusively with polysilicic acid remains consistent and stable. The experimental results indicate that a species conversion takes place as Cm-silicate(I) → Cm-silicate(II) → Cm-silicate(III) with increasing pH and silicon concentration. Only the reaction leading to the formation of Cm-silicate(I) can be quantified for its stability constant as logβ°=7.74±0.08.
Making reversible synthesis stick: competition and cooperation between intermolecular interactions
Authors: Aakeröy Christer B. , Desper John , Elisabeth Eric , Helfrich Brian A. , Levin Brock , Urbina Joaquin F. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The ability to predict and control the assembly of molecular and ionic species into ordered networks is becoming an important target area in chemistry, biochemistry and materials science. In this context, the selectivity and directionality of the hydrogen bond have been instrumental in the preparation of distinctive structural aggregates, and the use of hydrogen bonding as a steering force is now emerging as the most important strategy in crystal engineering. A reliable supramolecular synthetic protocol also requires access to a wide range of reactions that are versatile, selective and give rise to high supramolecular yields. Through a systematic structural study we have examined three issues that are relevant to the development of transferable supramolecular synthesis; (a) structural invariance to molecular isomerism; (b) hierarchy of synthons based upon competition between intermolecular forces and (c) changes in supramolecular yield as a function of molecular substitution.
Hydrogen bond competition between chemical groups: new methodology and the Cambridge Structural Database
Authors: Infantes Lourdes , Motherwell W. D. Sam 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The probabilities of formation of intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions between chemical groups have been studied using new methodology to extract information from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Data for 41052 crystal structures containing at least one strong hydrogen bond donor have been analysed using the RPluto program, assigning 108 chemical group codes to atoms, and creating tables of hydrogen contacts for subsequent analysis using the Access relational database software. This has enabled the study of competition effects where there are specified limited numbers of chemical groups in a structure, which is often difficult with the standard CSD search program, ConQuest. There are sufficiently high numbers of certain combinations of groups to make significant observations of the preference of a given donor for choices of acceptor atoms. For example, COOH…COOH contacts are frequently disrupted by groups such as keto carbonyl, whereas CONH…CONH is very robust and is seldom disrupted. There are a surprising number of structures that do not present any intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions, often due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding taking preference. There is a tendency to use as many groups as possible to build intermolecular hydrogen bond networks. An estimate is made of the relative strengths of self-association interactions which are, in decreasing order, CONH, COOH, alcoholic OH and phenolic OH. The frequency of preferred contacts in some cases allows one to predict the most probable contacts for a given molecule with a specific combination and ratio of chemical groups.
Crossover Interference on Nucleolus Organizing Region-Bearing Chromosomes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lam Sandy Y , Horn Sarah R , Radford Sarah J , Housworth Elizabeth A , Stahl Franklin W , Copenhaver Gregory P 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
In most eukaryotes, crossovers are not independently distributed along the length of a chromosome. Instead, they appear to avoid close proximity to one another—a phenomenon known as crossover interference. Previously, for three of the five Arabidopsis chromosomes, we measured the strength of interference and suggested a model wherein some crossovers experience interference while others do not. Here we show, using the same model, that the fraction of interference-insensitive crossovers is significantly smaller on the remaining two chromosomes. Since these two chromosomes bear the Arabidopsis NOR domains, the possibility that these chromosomal regions influence interference is discussed.
Improved Survival Rates With Increased Neurodevelopmental Disability for Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in the 1990s
Authors: Wilson-Costello Deanne , Friedman Harriet , Minich Nori , Fanaroff Avroy A. , Hack Maureen 
Published: April 2005

Background. Advances in perinatal care have resulted in increased survival rates for extremely low birth weight children. We sought to examine the relative changes in rates of survival and neurodevelopmental impairment at 20 months of corrected age among 500- to 999-g birth weight infants born at our perinatal center during 2 periods, before and after the introduction of surfactant therapy in 1990.Methods. Four hundred ninety-six infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g were born at our perinatal center during period I (1982–1989) (mean body weight: 762 g; mean gestational age: 25.8 weeks) and 682 during period II (1990–1998) (mean body weight: 756 g; mean gestational age: 25.5 weeks). Rates of death and survival with and without neurodevelopmental impairment at 20 months of corrected age for the 2 periods were compared with logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for gestational age.Results. Survival rates increased from 49% during period I to 67% during period II. Neonatal morbidity rates also increased during period II, including rates of sepsis (from 37% to 51%), periventricular leukomalacia (from 2% to 7%), and chronic lung disease, defined as oxygen dependence at 36 weeks of corrected age (from 32% to 43%). Rates of severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities were similar (22% vs 22%). Among children monitored, the rate of neurologic abnormalities, including cerebral palsy, increased from 16% during period I to 25% during period II and the rate of deafness increased from 3% to 7%. The overall rate of neurodevelopmental impairment (major neurosensory abnormality and/or Bayley Mental Developmental Index score of &lt;70) increased from 26% to 36%. Compared with period I, in period II there were decreased rates of death (odds ratio [OR]: 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.4) and increased rates of survival with impairment (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7–3.3) but also increased rates of survival without impairment (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.2). Compared with period I, for every 100 infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g born in period II, 18 additional infants survived, of whom 7 were unimpaired and 11 were impaired.Conclusions. The improved survival rates in the 1990s occurred with an increased risk of significant neurodevelopmental impairment. Prospective parents of extremely low birth weight infants should be advised of this substantial risk, to facilitate decision-making in the delivery room.
Helping Parents Cope With the Trauma of Premature Birth: An Evaluation of a Trauma-Preventive Psychological Intervention
Authors: Jotzo Martina , Poets Christian F. 
Published: April 2005

Objective. To ascertain whether a trauma-preventive psychological intervention program for parents of premature infants during hospitalization in a level III NICU may reduce the severity of symptomatic response to the traumatic impact of premature birth.Methods. Mothers of premature infants were enrolled consecutively in a sequential control group design. Intervention group mothers received a structured psychological intervention in the first days after birth. Each mother could make use of additional psychological support if required and was actively approached at critical times during her infant's NICU stay. Control group mothers did not receive psychological intervention but could ask for counseling by the hospital minister. At discharge, mothers of both groups answered a questionnaire covering key outcome variables (symptoms of traumatization, emotions at discharge, and sample and control variables).Results. At discharge, intervention group mothers (N = 25) showed significantly lower levels of symptomatic response to the traumatic stressor “premature birth” than those in the control group (N = 25; mean overall symptom level 25.2 [SD: 13.9] vs 37.5 [SD: 19.2]).Conclusions. This intervention program for parents after premature birth, combining early crisis intervention, psychological aid throughout the infant's hospitalization, and intense support at critical times, reduced the symptoms of traumatization relating to premature birth.
Increasing the Screening and Counseling of Adolescents for Risky Health Behaviors: A Primary Care Intervention
Authors: Ozer Elizabeth M. , Adams Sally H. , Lustig Julie L. , Gee Scott , Garber Andrea K. , Gardner Linda Rieder , Rehbein Michael , Addison Louise , Irwin Charles E. 
Published: April 2005

Objective. To determine whether a systems intervention for primary care providers resulted in increased preventive screening and counseling of adolescent patients, compared with the usual standard of care.
Methods. The intervention was conducted in 2 outpatient pediatric clinics; 2 other pediatric clinics in the same health maintenance organization served as comparison sites. The intervention was implemented in 2 phases: first, pediatric primary care providers attended a training workshop (N = 37) to increase screening and counseling of adolescents in the areas of tobacco, alcohol, drugs, sexual behavior, and safety (seatbelt and helmet use). Second, screening and charting tools were integrated into the intervention clinics. Providers in the comparison sites (N = 39) continued to provide the usual standard of care to their adolescent patients. Adolescent reports were used to assess changes in provider behavior. After a well visit, 13- to 17-year olds (N = 2628) completed surveys reporting on whether their provider screened and counseled them for risky behavior.
Results. Screening and counseling rates increased significantly in each of the 6 areas in the intervention sites, compared with rates of delivery using the usual standard of care. Across the 6 areas combined, the average screening rate increased from 58% to 83%; counseling rates increased from 52% to 78%. There were no significant increases in the comparison sites during the same period. The training component seems to account for most of this increase, with the tools sustaining the effects of the training.
Conclusions. The study offers strong support for an intervention to increase clinicians' delivery of preventive services to a wide age range of adolescent patients.
Rapid, Needle-Free Delivery of Lidocaine for Reducing the Pain of Venipuncture Among Pediatric Subjects
Authors: Migdal Marek , Chudzynska-Pomianowska Elzbieta , Vause Elizabeth , Henry Eugenia , Lazar Jeffrey 
Published: April 2005

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of an investigational, single-use, needle-free, drug system (ALGRX 3268) that delivers powdered lidocaine into the epidermis for the rapid production of local anesthesia among pediatric subjects undergoing venipuncture.Methods. Children 3 to 18 years of age were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 treatments, ie, (1) placebo, (2) a system configured to deliver 0.25 mg of lidocaine, or (3) a system configured to deliver 0.5 mg of lidocaine, at the antecubital fossa 2 to 3 minutes before venipuncture. Three age groups were included, ie, 3 to 7 years, 8 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years. Two sets of pain rating scales were used, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised for the youngest age stratum and a visual analog scale for the oldest age stratum. Children in the middle age stratum used both scales.Results. One-hundred forty-four subjects completed the study. For all ages combined, there was a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in pain scores for subjects who received 0.5 mg of lidocaine, compared with placebo. The reduction in pain after 0.25 mg of lidocaine did not achieve statistical significance.Conclusions. Both active configurations were safe and well tolerated by pediatric subjects undergoing venipuncture at the antecubital fossa. ALGRX 3268 at 0.5 mg, administered 2 to 3 minutes before venipuncture, produced significantly lower pain scores, compared with placebo.
Illness Transmission in the Home: A Possible Role for Alcohol-Based Hand Gels
Authors: Lee Grace M. , Salomon Joshua A. , Friedman Jennifer F. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Ross-Degnan Dennis , Zasloff Eva , Bediako Sitso , Goldmann Donald A. 
Published: April 2005

Objectives. The widespread use of child care has altered the epidemiology of respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) infection in the community. Our primary objective was to measure transmission of respiratory and GI illnesses among families with children enrolled in child care. We also sought to examine potential predictors of reduced illness transmission in the home in a secondary analysis.Methods. We performed an observational, prospective cohort study to determine transmission rates for respiratory and GI illnesses within families with at least 1 child between 6 months and 5 years of age enrolled in child care. A survey about family beliefs and practices was mailed at the beginning of the study. Symptom diaries were provided for families to record the timing and duration of respiratory and GI illnesses. To ensure the accuracy of symptom diaries, biweekly telephone calls were performed to review illnesses recorded by participants. Families with ≥4 weeks of data recorded were included in the analysis. Families were recruited from 5 pediatric practices in the metropolitan Boston area. Of 261 families who agreed to participate in the study, 208 were available for analysis. Secondary transmission rates for respiratory and GI illnesses were measured as illnesses per susceptible person-month.Results. We observed 1545 respiratory and 360 GI illnesses in 208 families from November 2000 to May 2001. Of these, 1099 (71%) respiratory and 297 (83%) GI illnesses were considered primary illnesses introduced into the home. The secondary transmission rates for respiratory and GI illnesses were 0.63 and 0.35 illnesses per susceptible person-month, respectively. Only two thirds of respondents correctly believed that contact transmission was important in the spread of colds, and fewer than half believed that it was important in the spread of stomach flus. Twenty-two percent of respondents reported use of alcohol-based hand gels all, most, or some of the time; 33% reported always washing their hands after blowing or wiping a nose. In multivariate models, use of alcohol-based hand gels had a protective effect against respiratory illness transmission in the home.Conclusions. In homes with young children enrolled in child care, illness transmission to family members occurs frequently. Alcohol-based hand gel use was associated with reduced respiratory illness transmission in the home.
Importance of Catch-up Vaccination: Experience From a Varicella Outbreak, Maine, 2002–2003
Authors: Marin Mona , Nguyen Huong Q. , Keen Julie , Jumaan Aisha O. , Mellen Patricia M. , Hayes Edward B. , Gensheimer Kathleen F. , Gunderman-King Jennifer , Seward Jane F. 
Published: April 2005

Objective. During December 2002 to January 2003, a varicella outbreak occurred in an elementary school in Maine. Just 1 month before detecting the outbreak, Maine implemented varicella vaccine requirements for child care but did not require vaccination for school entry. We investigated this outbreak to examine reasons for its occurrence, including vaccine failure.Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all students' parents to determine student disease status, medical conditions, and vaccination status, which was further confirmed by review of medical records. Parental reporting of chickenpox/varicella that occurred since September 1, 2002, in a student who attended the school was used to define a case. Parents of cases were interviewed by telephone about disease characteristics. Disease severity was classified on the basis of the number of skin lesions and the occurrence of complications. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by comparing varicella attack rates for any disease, for moderate to severe disease, and for severe disease among vaccinated and unvaccinated students.Results. We obtained complete information for 296 (81%) of 364 students. Varicella vaccine coverage was 74% overall and decreased by grade, from 90% in kindergarten to 60% in third grade. Attack rates increased significantly from 14% in kindergarten to 37% in third grade. Of the 53 varicella cases, 36 (68%) were unvaccinated, 12 (22%) were vaccinated, and 5 (10%) had previous disease history. Vaccine effectiveness was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79–94%) against disease of any severity, 96% (95% CI: 88–99%) against moderate to severe disease, and 100% (95% CI: undefined) against severe disease. Twenty-two percent of unvaccinated students had severe disease and 1 was hospitalized for a skin infection, whereas none of the vaccinated cases reported severe disease.Conclusion. This outbreak was attributable primarily to failure to vaccinate, especially among children in grades 1 through 3. Catch-up vaccination of susceptible older children and adolescents is especially important to prevent accumulation of susceptibility in these groups, in which the natural disease is more severe. School entry requirements will contribute to a more rapid implementation of the existing recommendations for vaccination.
Child Health Care Clinicians' Use of Medications to Help Parents Quit Smoking: A National Parent Survey
Authors: Winickoff Jonathan P. , Tanski Susanne E. , McMillen Robert C. , Klein Jonathan D. , Rigotti Nancy A. , Weitzman Michael 
Published: April 2005

Background. Smokers who use cessation medications when they attempt to quit double their likelihood of success. No prior survey has assessed the acceptability to parents of receiving smoking cessation medication prescriptions in the context of their child's primary care visits.Objective. To assess acceptability to parents of receiving smoking cessation medication prescriptions and to compare that with the reported rate of actually receiving smoking cessation medication prescriptions in the context of the child's health care visit.Methods. Data were collected through a national random-digit dial telephone survey of households from July to September 2003. The sample was weighted according to race and gender, on the basis of the 2002 US Census, to be representative of the US population.Results. Of 3990 eligible respondents contacted, 3010 (75%) completed surveys; 1027 (34%) of those were parents. Of those parents, 211 (21%) were self-identified smokers. One half would consider using a smoking cessation medication and, of those, 85% said that it would be acceptable if the child's doctor prescribed or recommended it to them. In contrast, of the 143 smoking parents who accompanied their child to the doctor, only 15% had pharmacotherapy recommended and only 8% received a prescription for a smoking cessation medication. These results did not vary according to parent age, gender, race, or child age.Conclusions. Child health care clinicians have low rates of recommending and prescribing cessation therapies that have proved effective in other settings. The recommendation or provision of cessation medications would be acceptable to the majority of parents in the context of their child's health care visit.