bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The action of Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome immunoglobulin G on cloned human voltage‐gated calcium channels
Authors: Pinto Ashwin , Iwasa Kazuo , Newland Claire , Newsom‐Davis John , Lang Bethan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies to presynaptic voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) at the neuromuscular junction lead to a reduction in nerve‐evoked release of neurotransmitter and muscle weakness. We have examined the action of LEMS IgGs on cloned human VGCCs stably expressed in transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines: 10–13 (α1A‐2, α2bδ, β4a) and C2D7 (α1B‐1 , α2bδ, β1b). All LEMS IgGs studied showed surface binding to [125I]‐ω‐CTx‐MVIIC‐labeled VGCCs in the α1A cell line and two of six IgGs showed surface binding to [125I]‐ω‐CTx‐GVIA‐labeled VGCCs in the α1B cell line. We next studied the effect of LEMS IgGs (2 mg/ml) on whole‐cell calcium currents in the α1A and α1B cell lines. Overnight treatment of α1A (10–13) cells with LEMS IgGs led to a significant reduction in peak current density without alteration of the current–voltage relationship or the voltage dependence of steady‐state inactivation. In contrast, LEMS IgGs did not reduce peak current density in the α1B cell line. Overall these data demonstrate the specificity of LEMS IgGs for the α1A cell line and suggest that LEMS IgGs bind to and downregulate VGCCs in this cell line. Although several LEMS IgGs can be shown to bind to the α1B (C2D7) cell line, no functional effects were seen on this channel. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Recovery from fatigue in fast and slow single intact skeletal muscle fibers from aging mouse
Authors: González Estela , Delbono Osvaldo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present work, we studied the recovery from fatigue (RF) of single intact fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscle fibers from young (age 5–7 months) and old (age 22–24 months) mice. To examine whether differences in RF underlie decreases in muscle strength and endurance with aging, we performed in vitro experiments in manually dissected extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle fibers. We measured the recovery of the maximum force every 5 min for a total period of 30 min after inducing fiber fatigue. Fibers were classified, according to the fatigue index, into the following three groups: 0.75–0.99, 0.5–0.74, and <0.5. Although the tetanic tension of EDL and soleus fibers from young and old mice recovered significantly, no statistically significant difference in tension or recovery time was observed between age groups. These data support the concept that the reported decline in muscle force and endurance with aging is not related to changes in RF of individual muscles fibers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1219–1224
Painful sensory polyneuropathy associated with impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Singleton J. Robinson , Smith A. Gordon , Bromberg Mark B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined records of 121 patients coded as idiopathic polyneuropathy, extracting neuropathy symptoms, electromyographic data, and diagnostic blood work. Of 89 patients screened for glucose handling, 28 demonstrated frank diabetes mellitus. Of the remaining 61 patients, 15 (25%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) by American Diabetes Association criteria (serum glucose 140–200 mg/dl 2 h after a 75‐g glucose load). Excluding those with diabetes mellitus, 35% of patients with neuropathic pain had IGT, more than twice the prevalence found in large, unselected population studies. No other common etiology of polyneuropathy was identified. Two‐hour oral glucose tolerance test results were often abnormal, whereas fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c was normal. Bias due to referral pattern, body weight, or genetics might affect the comparison of our polyneuropathy cohort with a broader, population‐based control. However, our results corroborate an association between IGT and painful sensory polyneuropathy and link these patients syndromically to the typical painful polyneuropathy of diabetes mellitus. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1225–1228, 2001
The frequency of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with idiopathic sensory neuropathy
Authors: Novella Steven P. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Goldstein Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the frequency of undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with idiopathic sensory neuropathy. Patients were separated into two groups depending on presence or absence of painful symptoms, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Of the 48 patients studied, those with painful symptoms had a higher frequency of abnormal glucose metabolism than literature‐based controls, whereas patients without painful symptoms showed no difference. Comparison of patients with and without painful symptoms had a P‐value of 0.02. The results indicate the need to consider undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with idiopathic sensory neuropathy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1229–1231, 2001
Latency of compound muscle action potentials of the anal sphincter after magnetic sacral stimulation
Authors: Morren G.L. , Walter S. , Lindehammar H. , Hallböök O. , Sjödahl R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to present the failure rate and normal values for motor latency of the anal sphincter after magnetic sacral stimulation (LMSS) using a modified recording technique. A bipolar sponge electrode was placed in the anal canal for recording. A ground electrode was placed in the rectum to reduce stimulus artifact. Magnetic stimulation was induced through a twin coil energized by a Maglite‐r25 generator. Two groups were examined: 14 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with a spinal cord injury (SCI) above the conus. Nine of 56 studies (16%) failed. There were no significant differences in latency between right‐ and left‐sided stimulation or between the healthy group and the SCI patients. As described, LMSS measurements are minimally invasive and have a low failure rate. They may be used to test the integrity of the distal motor pathway in patients with bladder or bowel dysfunction who may benefit from continuous electrical sacral root stimulation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1232–1235, 2001
Subjective and objective incontinence 5 to 10 years after Burch colposuspension
Authors: Kulseng‐Hanssen Sigurd , Berild Grete H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe outcome of incontinence surgery was studied using a questionnaire, a 24‐hour pad test (24hPT), and a stress test (ST). Five to 10 years after a Burch colposuspension, 111 patients were asked to complete the Bristol Female Urinary Tract Symptom Questionnaire (BFLUTS) and to perform a 24hPT and a ST. Eighty‐two patients completed the questionnaire and 71 and 69 patients performed the stress and pad tests, respectively. Seventy‐three percent of the patients did not leak during the ST and 75% of the patients were not leaking during the 24hPT. Seventy‐three percent of the patients stated that they were at least occasionally stress or urge incontinent and 62% stated that they were both stress and urge incontinent. However, only 24% of the stress incontinent and 28% of the urge incontinent patients found their incontinence to be “quite a problem” or “a serious problem.” Patients leaking urine only “occasionally,” “once a week,” leaking “drops,” and finding the leakage to be “a bit of a problem” had median leakage 0g during ST and 24hPT. Patients who reported the leakage to occur “sometimes” “most or all of the time” and who found the leakage to be “a bit, quite, or a serious problem” accounted for 20 to 30% of all patients, as did patients leaking during objective tests. Objective tests revealed leakage to occur less frequently compared with self‐reported leakage. The BFLUTS questionnaire revealed leakage to occur with varying frequency, amount, and bother. Leakage occurring seldom, of small amount and bother may be of minor clinical importance. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:100–105, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does post‐voiding residual volume get less as mobility improves in a rehabilitation ward for older adults?
Authors: Weatherall Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImpaired bladder emptying is common in frail older adults. This study tests the hypothesis that more complete bladder emptying is associated with better mobility in a rehabilitation ward for older adults. Consecutive admissions to a rehabilitation ward for older adults were considered for inclusion in the study in the week after admission to the ward. Exclusion criteria were cognitive impairment such that consent could not be obtained, non‐English speaking, or presence of an indwelling urinary catheter. A post‐voiding residual (PVR) bladder volume and Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) were completed for subjects who gave consent, on a weekly basis until discharge. The BladderScan BVI 3000, Diagnostic Ultrasound, instrument was used. Statistical analysis was by a general linear mixed model. In the study period, 114 people were admitted and 57 approached for consent. Twenty‐four people gave consent. Fifty percent of participants had at least one PVR greater than 100 mL. One person was found to be in urinary retention, with a PVR of greater than 700 mL, and was excluded from further analysis. The PVR increased by 1.2 mL (95% CI − 4.6 to 7) for each unit improvement in the RMI. This study suggests that PVR does not decline with improvement in mobility in older adults receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:132–135, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actions of the new antimuscarinic compound lu 25‐109 on isolated human and pig detrusor
Authors: Waldeck K. , Larsson B. , Sandberg B. , Andersson K.‐E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel antimuscarinic agent, Lu 25‐109, a partial M1 receptor agonist, and M2/M3 receptor antagonist in human and pig detrusor to establish its affinity for muscarinic receptors in human detrusor and parotid gland and to compare the results with those obtained with oxybutynin. Effects on the detrusor were determined as regards the ability to inhibit carbachol‐induced contractions and contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Radioligand binding studies were performed to assess the ability to displace quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H‐QNB) from muscarinic receptors in the detrusor and parotid gland. Lu 25‐109 produced a concentration‐dependent rightward shift of the concentration‐response curves for carbachol in both human and pig detrusor, the pKb values being 6.2 ± 0.1 (n = 6) and 5.8 ± 0.3 (n = 6). Corresponding values for oxybutynin were 7.9 ± 0.1 (n = 7) and 7.8 ± 0.1 (n = 6). Contractions induced by EFS in human detrusor were almost completely inhibited by 100 μmol/L Lu 25‐109 (84 ± 4%; n = 4). In contrast, EFS‐induced contractions in pig detrusor were less sensitive to Lu 25‐109, resulting in a final inhibition of 32 ± 6% (n = 9) with the highest concentration used (100 μmol/L). This difference in effect between human and pig detrusor was not observed with oxybutynin. Radioligand binding experiments demonstrated a small difference in affinity for Lu 25‐109 in the parotid gland compared with the bladder, the pKi values being 6.2 ± 0.1 versus 6.5 ± 0.1 (n = 4). Corresponding values for oxybutynin were 8.5 ± 0.1 versus 8.2 ± 0.1 (n = 4). The results show that Lu 25‐109 competitively and effectively antagonizes carbachol‐induced contractions and contractions induced by EFS in human detrusor muscle. Even if Lu 25‐109 were less potent than oxybutynin, it has an effect profile that makes it of interest to test its ability to counteract bladder overactivity in humans. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:92–98, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of BOLD changes by means of a frequency‐sensitive trueFISP technique: preliminary results
Authors: Scheffler Klaus , Seifritz Erich , Bilecen Deniz , Venkatesan Ramesh , Hennig Jürgen , Deimling Michael , Haacke E. Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new method is introduced to detect magnetic field modulation arising from brain activation‐induced BOLD effects. This approach uses a two‐dimensional high‐bandwidth, high‐resolution conventional gradient‐echo steady‐state imaging sequence known as TrueFISP. The ability to visualize changes in oxygen saturation comes from the fact that the method is sensitive to the local field. As is well known, as the oxygen saturation changes so does the local field associated with the venous blood. We demonstrate that it is possible to visualize not only venous blood with this approach on a macroscopic level for major veins, but also to measure conventional oscillatory like signal changes during activated and resting states. Unfortunately, the method has two major drawbacks. First, a long TR is needed to maximize signal changes and, second, the field must be very well shimmed or numerous experiments need to be run to find the activation, as the signal response is sensitive to the starting frequency in the resting state. Nevertheless, these images can be compared directly with anatomical images collected with the same method without the need for distortion correction. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorus‐31 MR spectroscopy of normal adult human brain and brain tumours
Authors: Maintz David , Heindel Walter , Kugel Harald , Jaeger Richard , Lackner Klaus J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLocalized phosphorus‐31 MR spectra were obtained in vivo in a large series of normal human brain tissue specimens of healthy volunteers (n = 36) and various brain tumours (n = 52). Tumour types examined included grade II and grade III gliomas (n = 15 and n = 1, respectively), glioblastomas (n = 16) and meningeomas (n = 12). An additional eight tumours were analysed during chemo‐ or radiotherapy. Spectra were acquired using a modified ISIS pulse sequence with a repetition time of 3 s. Voxel sizes ranged from 56 to 129 ml. The spectra were evaluated using a least‐square variable projection (VARPRO) fitting procedure in the time domain, which allows semi‐quantitative determination of relative metabolite concentrations.The measurements in normal cerebrum of healthy volunteers revealed the following results of metabolite signal intensity ratios: pH 7.04 (± 0.01), PCr/α‐ATP 0.51 (± 0.03), Pi/α‐ATP 0.17 (± 0.02), PCr/Pi 2.09 (± 0.12), PDE/α‐ATP 3.65 (± 0.13) and PME/α‐ATP 0.41 (± 0.04).Meningiomas showed the most obvious changes when compared with normal brain tissue. They are characterized by an alkaline environment (pH 7.16 ± 0.03; p < 0.005), a decrease in the phosphocreatine peak (p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased phosphodiesters (p < 0.0001).Glioblastomas also showed alkalization (pH 7.12 ± 0.02; p < 0.001) and a decrease in PDE/α‐NTP (p < 0.05), but no significant changes in PCr/α‐NTP or PCr/Pi. In gliomas with low malignancy, less distinct changes could be detected with slight alkalization (pH 7.09 ± 0.02; p < 0.05) and more than a two‐fold reduction in the PDE/α‐NTP ratio (p < 0.05). The spectra of brain tumours during chemo‐ and radiotherapy indicated clear but inconsistent influence of the therapy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The center function on trees
Authors: McMorris F. R. , Roberts Fred S. , Wang Chi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen (X, d) is a finite metric space and π = (x1, …, xk) ∈ Xk, a central element for π is an element x of X for which max{d (x, xi): i = 1, …, k} is minimum. The function that returns the set of all central elements for any tuple π is called the center function on X. In this article, the center function on finite trees is characterized. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The fates of cells generated at the end of neurogenesis in developing mouse cortex
Authors: Levers Teresa E. , Edgar Julia M. , Price David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost cerebral cortical neurons are generated between embryonic days 11 and 17 (E11–17) in the mouse. Radial glial cells also proliferate during this time; they can give rise to neurons and many later transform into astrocytes. It is thought that most glial cells comprising the mature cortex, including additional astrocytes, are generated after neurogenesis is complete. Little is known about the cellular events that occur during the transition from the phase dominated by neurogenesis to that of gliogenesis. We labeled cells generated on E18 and E19 and the day of birth (P0) with bromodeoxyuridine and followed their fates over the following 20 days. Our results showed that, on E18–P0, cells divide throughout the ventricular zone, subventricular zone, intermediate zone, and to a lesser extent, the developing cortical plate, whereas neuronal precursors generated prior to E18 divide in the ventricular zone. Our results indicated that 30–40% of cells dividing on E18 give rise to neurons that migrate to the most superficial part of the cortex. The rest of the cells dividing on E18 and 76–94% of cells generated on E19 and P0 express the QKI RNA‐binding protein, indicating that they either remain as multipotential progenitors or develop into glial cells. Nine to fifteen percent of cells generated on E18–P0 become glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes. Many E19 and P0 labeled cells disappear between 2 and 20 days postlabeling, probably because they continue to divide. We conclude that the population of cells produced at the end of cortical neurogenesis is heterogeneous and comprises postmitotic neurons, glia (including astrocytes), and possibly multipotential progenitors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 48: 265–277, 2001
Transneuronal tracing from sympathectomized lumbar epaxial muscle in female rats
Authors: Daniels Derek , Miselis Richard R. , Flanagan‐Cato Loretta M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPseudorabies virus (PRV) has been used as a transneuronal tracer to study central neural networks, including the central control of the lordosis‐producing, lumbar epaxial muscles. Within muscles, however, the sympathetic innervation of blood vessels poses a confounding source of tracer labeling in the CNS. The present study destroyed sympathetic nerves before injection of PRV, thereby allowing for a more selective uptake by somatic motoneurons. Specifically, a focal sympathectomy was created by the injection of dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase immunotoxin (DHIT). When PRV was injected into control rats, both somatic motoneurons within the ventral horn of the spinal cord and sympathetic preganglionic neurons within the intermediolateral column (IML) of the spinal cord became labeled. Additionally, labeled neurons were observed in many brain regions, including those previously implicated in the control of the lordosis reflex (e.g., the medullary reticular formation; MRF) and those previously implicated in the control of vasomotor tone (e.g., the rostral ventrolateral medulla; RVLM). When injected into DHIT‐pretreated animals, PRV labeling in ventral horn neurons persisted in many animals; however, labeling in IML was eliminated in almost every case. In these animals, PRV labeling was absent in brain areas traditionally associated with vasomotor tone, such as RVLM, whereas labeling persisted in brain areas previously implicated in the control of the lordosis response, such as MRF. The results support the connectivity of spinal and medullary structures with the somatic control of the lordosis‐producing muscles and provide a more detailed description of these portions of the putative lordosis‐relevant neurocircuitry. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 48: 278–290, 2001
Membrane formation mechanism and permeation properties of a novel porous polyimide membrane
Authors: Shimizu Hideyuki , Kawakami Hiroyoshi , Nagaoka Shoji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe transport properties of a novel porous fluorinated polyimide membrane fabricated by a wet phase inversion process were studied with a stirred dead‐end filtration cell. The porous membrane‐forming solvents were tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The phase separation phenomena in a ternary system of polyimide/solvent/water were investigated from cloud point curves by a titration method and binary interaction parameters. Solvent–water demixing in the system has been found to play very important roles in determining the structure and surface morphology of the polyimide membrane. The porous fluorinated polyimide membranes showed pore sizes from 4 to 500 nm and permeation properties from ultrafiltration to a microfiltration range. In this study, we particularly focused on fouling of the polyimide membranes, because fouling decreases the flux and increases the resistance. Interestingly, the porous polyimide membrane showed excellent water flux recovery after water cleaning compared with that of the polyethersulfone (PSf) membrane, which suggest that for a 6FDA‐6FAP membrane, the protein–membrane and protein–protein interaction was not so strong compared with those in a PSf membrane. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of isorhamnetin glycosides in extracts of apples (Malus domestica cv. “Brettacher”) by HPLC‐PDA and HPLC‐APCI‐MS/MS
Authors: Schieber Andreas , Keller Petra , Streker Petra , Klaiber Iris , Carle Reinhold 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtracts of apple fruits (Malus domestica cv. “Brettacher”) were analysed by HPLC with photodiode array detection. An unknown peak was monitored displaying the same retention time as isorhamnetin 3‐O‐glucoside. Preliminary identification of the isorhamnetin aglycone was performed by comparison of UV spectral data of the unknown compound with a reference substance. Using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode, the presence of an isorhamnetin glycoside was supported by loss of 162 amu from the pseudomolecular ion (m/z 477). MS2 product ion analysis of the parent ion m/z 477 provided a fragmentation pattern identical to the reference. Collision‐induced dissociation of the aglycone (m/z 315) in the MS3 product ion analysis allowed the differentiation of rhamnetin and isorhamnetin, and unambiguous assignment by comparison with standard compounds. A second isorhamnetin glycoside eluting prior to the glucoside was tentatively identified as isorhamnetin 3‐O‐galactoside. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isorhamnetin glycosides in apple fruit extracts. Results are discussed with respect to chemotaxonomic relevance within the genera Malus and Pyrus, and especially in consideration of the control of the authenticity of apple products. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.