bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytosanitary newletters
Authors: Álvarez Jurado Manuela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The great relevance vitiviniculture has achieved in recent times
has given rise to an increasing number of specialized non-specialized texts.
Consequently, many specialized and non-specialized texts and a constantly
changing lexicon (which is dynamically updated by the formation of new words
which are required by specific events) have appeared. This textual and
lexical richness deserves further investigation. Thus, the goal of this
paper is to systematize and showcase a textual typology which is used very
frequently and exhibits a great degree of applicability but has not received
enough critical attention so far. To reach this goal, I have placed the
focus on phytosanitary bulletins, which constitute a specific textual
typology from the lexical subdomain related to vineyard diseases.
Terminological metaphors in red wine tasting notes
Authors: Janodet Francisco Luque 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, it will be addressed the existence of conceptual
metaphors around which red wine tasting discourse is articulated in French
and Spanish. In addition, the role of terminological metaphor in this
specialized discourse will be considered. To this end, a descriptive and
comparative analysis of tasting notes will be carried out, in order to find
the underlying conceptual metaphors and their manifestations in different
metaphorical expressions. Therefore, a linguistic and a translatological
analysis of the metaphorical vocabulary used in winespeak will be addressed
to determine whether these words could be considered specialized terms and
the main challenges for their translation.
GLIOMA-02 HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR PROFILE OF GLIOMAS: A 9-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CASES DIAGNOSED IN LAGOS NIGERIA
Authors: Odukoya Lateef , Kollmeyer Thomas , Eckel-Passow Jeanette , Ida Cristiane , Lachance Daniel , Fonkem Ekokobe , Badmos Kabir , Bankole Olufemi , Kitange Gaspar , Daramola Adetola , Anunobi Charles , Jenkins Robert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The diagnosis and management of patients with brain tumors currently uses WHO defined morphologic and molecular features. However, neuro-oncology practice in low resource settings relies solely on histomorphology. This study aims to reclassify glioma cases diagnosed in the Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Lagos University Teaching Hospital using the WHO 2021 classification.

METHODS
Fifty-six cases of glioma diagnosed between 2013 to 2021 were evaluated. Morphologic diagnosis was reassessed. Five-micron sections were obtained for immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genetic testing (DNA and RNA) after manual macrodissection for tumor enrichment used 10-µm sections. IHC for IDH1-R132H, ATRX, BRAF-V600E, p53, Ki67 and H3-K27M and Oncoscan chromosomal microarray analysis were performed. NGS mutation/fusion analysis and EPIC methylation array profiling are in progress.

RESULTS
Of the 56 cases evaluated, median age was 22 years (range, 1-60); 71% were male. The initial morphologic diagnoses included 21 pilocytic astrocytoma, 11 glioblastoma, 9 ependymoma, 7 diffuse astrocytoma, 3 anaplastic astrocytoma, 2 high-grade gliomas, 1 oligodendroglioma, 1 diffuse midline glioma, and 1 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA). Histomorphologic re-evaluation revealed discordant diagnosis in 29% (16/56) of cases. Of the 56 cases, 73% (41/56) had usable DNA yield and 38% (21/56) had DNA yield of ≥750ng. Chromosomal microarray analysis was completed for 50% (28/56) cases. The revised WHO 2021 diagnosis was: 5 glioblastoma IDH-wildtype, 5 pilocytic astrocytoma, 4 glioma NEC, 3 posterior fossa ependymoma, group B, 3 PXA, 3 astrocytoma IDH-mutant, 2 pediatric low-grade gliomas, 2 supratentorial ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positive, 1 posterior fossa ependymoma, group A. In 71% (20/28) of cases with molecular testing, diagnosis was revised using WHO 2021 criteria.

CONCLUSION
Most cases had usable DNA. Overall, histologic re-evaluation and molecular based on the WHO 2021 criteria refined the diagnosis in 48% (27/56) of cases.
GLIOMA-05 A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA: VAGUS NERVE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR SUPPRESSION OF CYTOKINE (IL-6) SIGNALING
Authors: Brem Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive, incurable cancer. Innovative approaches are urgently needed. There is resurgent interest in harnessing the power of the immune system (O’Rourke DM, 2017; Liau LM, 2023). Glioblastoma is a key target for cytokine reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment involving macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, and myeloid-derived cells. Furthermore, as with other cancers, the incidence and poor prognosis is linked to the age of the patient, and chronic, low-grade inflammation, or “inflammaging” (Franceschi, 2014). There is strong clinical, genomic (Coppola, 2014), preclinical data linking the progression of glioblastoma to the cytokine, IL-6. Yi Fan and colleagues (Wang, 2018; Yang, 2021) showed that blockade of IL-6 increases survival in mouse models of glioblastoma, an effect enhanced with the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). These results were validated and extended by others (Tsukamoto, 2018; Lamano,2019). Taken together, we translated the findings to a prospective, multicenter clinical trial (NRG BRAIN-010, NCT04729959; PI, Stephen Bagley) for recurrent glioblastoma, combining stereotactic radiosurgery, IL-6R blockade (tocilizumab) and ICB (atezolizumab). To date, the regimen is well-tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. Vagus nerve stimulation is FDA-approved for control of medically refractory epilepsy. It is currently being evaluated in a multicenter, pivotal trial to treat advanced rheumatoid arthritis (RESET-RA, NCT04539964). Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve activates the inflammatory reflex (Kelly, 2022), with a reduction of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 (Koopman, 2016). Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve uses the ‘inflammatory reflex’ and exploits the cholinergic effect on T-cells (Levine, 2020). Taken together, we now propose a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation for patients with glioblastoma and are in discussion with industry (SetPoint Medical) to design a prospective, clinical trial for treatment of glioblastoma.
MENINGIOMA-03 FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER SURGERY FOR INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMA AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Kagasi Travor , Magoha Michael , Wekesa Vincent 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intracranial meningiomas represent 34.4% to 41.4% of all brain tumors at the Kenyatta National Hospital. Surgical outcomes have been asessed priviously by Simpson grade achieved at surgery, recurrence rates, rates of complication, overall and progression free survival amongst other surgical outcomes. The functional outcome that assess the performance of these patients in activities of daily life is a less studied outcome.

BROAD OBJECTIVE
This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study to determine the functional outcome after surgery for intracranial meningioma among adult patients operated at the Kenyatta National Hospital

MATERIALS AND METHOD
Exposure data was collected on age, sex, extent of resection (Simpson grade) of intracranial Meningioma, and WHO grade of meningioma. Outcome data was the Functional Independent Measure.

RESULTS
42 participants were enrolled, with an average age of 46.8 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:4.25. Mean presentation was within 13.6 months with headaches 97.7% and seizures 41.9%. Average size of meningioma was 138.4 cm3, and perilesional edema was observed in 90.6% of cases. Surgical resection achieved a Simpson grade II in 52.4% of cases and Simpson grade I in 38.1% of cases. Histologic grade was commonly WHO grade 1 (95.2%), specifically the Meningothelial variant (61.9%). Functional status improved with a mean total gain of 161.9% in the Functional Independent Measure (FIM), a motor sub score gains of 174%, and a cognitive sub score gain of 149.6%. There was no statistically relevant association between the functional outcome and extent of surgical resection.

CONCLUSION
There was statistically significant improvement in the functional outcome after surgery for intracranial meningioma measured using the Functional Independence Measure. The Simpson grade achieved at surgery did not influence the functional outcome.
METASTASES-03 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF UNSUSPECTED INTRACRANIAL FINDINGS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ONCOLOGICAL WHOLE BODY18
F- FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE (FDG) PET CT IMAGING.
Authors: Nyamieri Diana Kerubo , Waa Sheila , Nguku Samuel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Most oncological 18F –fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) are acquired from the base of the skull to the upper thighs, as lesions that take up FDG are usually within this field of view. Routine inclusion of brain within the field of view of all oncological 18FDG PET/CT studies leads to increase of both time of acquisition and radiation dose (albeit marginal) delivered by the CT component of the study, therefore it can be debated if inclusion brain in oncological 18FDG PET-CT has any additional value.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the prevalence of clinically unsuspected intracranial findings in patients undergoing routine oncological 18 FDG PET CT examinations in Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUHN)with the inclusion of the brain in the field of view.

METHODS
Patients who underwent oncological limited whole-body 18 FDG PET/CT scan between February 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The patient’s age, sex, type of malignancy, disease stage, presence of clinically unsuspected intracranial finding, and clinical information was reviewed. Clinical impact of the identified intracranial findings was also recorded.

RESULTS
A total of 3523 oncological whole body FDG PET were included in the study. Clinically unsuspected intracranial findings were identified in 132 cases (3.7%) out of which 62 (1.7%) were clinically significant. The most common intracranial finding was metastasis. 22 cases underwent a follow up MRI brain and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.7% and 66.7% respectively. Change in management was seen in 25/32(78%) cases.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Inclusion of brain in the field of view of oncological FDG PET CT can lead to early detection of unsuspected intracranial metastasis resulting in management change especially for malignancies that have a propensity to metastasize to the brain such as in breast and lung cancers.
PAEDIATRIC-15 MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS BY A NEURO-ONCOLOGY MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM : OUR EXPERIENCE
Authors: Drogba Landry , Djonde Grace , Broalet Esperance , Gbazi Marc , Diaby Raissa , Oka Dominique Ndri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The outcome of pediatric central nervous system tumors has improved over the past decades due to advances in diagnostic testing, treatment and increased understanding of the disease biology. Nevertheless, the probability of survival of this tumors remains much lower in low-to middle-income countries. The gaps that prevent optimal clinical management of brain tumors are multifactorial and mostly related to underdiagnosis; a lack of specialized and dedicated radiologic, histopathologic, neurosurgical, radiotherapeutic, and oncology services, and a deficiency of coordinated multidisciplinary care in many centers. The aim of this report was to evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary team meetings on the clinical management of pediatric central nervous system tumors in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of pediatric patients (aged &lt;15 years) with central nervous system tumors diagnosed and treated in the Neurosurgery Department and National Center of Radiotherapy between 2019 (the year a neuro-oncological multidisciplinary staff was established) and 2023. Data on patient demographics, clinical notes, imaging studies, tumor characteristics and multidisciplinary team decision were collected from the multidisciplinary team database. During the multidisciplinary team meetings era, 40 pediatric central nervous system tumors were diagnosed and treated. The median age at diagnosis was 8.5 years. The mostly histological types were high grade and low grade gliomas. Decision-making was largely consistent with available guidelines. Therapeutic were surgery, external beam radiation treatment with concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. Benefits of neuro-oncology multidisciplinary team include coordination, direction for complicated cases, education, and a forum for communication, and clinical trials.
PATIENT ADVOCACY-01 WHY IS NEURO- ONCOLOGY MISSING FROM CIVIL SOCIETY CANCER ADVOCACY AGENDA?
Authors: Makumi David , Okumu Roselyne , Muya Rose 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cancer civil society and patient groups across Africa play a major role in pressuring governments to develop, fund, and implement national cancer control plans and to keep their commitments to international declarations. Additionally, community cancer awareness is mainly driven by lay cancer advocates and cancer survivors. The cancer policy and legislation landscape in Kenya has largely been shaped by the civil society through consistent advocacy

OBJECTIVE
Explore barriers and enablers to meaningful engagement of cancer civil society advocates in advancing neuro-oncology in Africa.

METHODOLOGY
This is a desk review of current developments and literature in advocacy for neuro-oncology with insights and perspectives of practicing oncology nurses and civil society cancer advocates in Kenya.

FINDINGS
Cancer advocacy in Kenya has traditionally focused on creating awareness on the more common cancers, breast, cervical prostate and Gastro-intestinal cancers. Over the last 10 years’ attention has gradually shifted to access and cost of care. Cancers of the central nervous system such as gliomas, neuroblastomas and meningiomas, though not uncommon do not feature prominently in advocacy discourses. This is due the fact that they are perceived as ‘rare’, complex, difficult to explain and with poor outcomes.

DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
There is a growing appreciation of the need to develop a framework through which civil society can contribute to the development of quality neuro oncology services. Cancer civil society organizations, neurosurgeons, neurologists, oncologists, academicians, and other healthcare professionals must work together to overcome structural barriers so that neuro oncology is not left behind in the national cancer plans. Stakeholders will need to establish guidelines with well defined mechanism for engaging, involving and acknowledging the contribution of cancer advocates in advancing neuro-oncology. This will require a cultural shift from neuro-oncology professionals to accommodate the input of lay civil society advocates.
PITUITARY TUMORS-01 HYPERPROLACTINEMIA AS A CLINICAL MARKER OF INVASIVE PROLACTINOMAS
Authors: Gankpe Gbetoho Fortune , Benzagmout Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prolactinomas can acquire an invasion feature and challenge the management. Many features of invasive pituitary adenomas have been investigated in the literature, from radiological, histopathological to molecular perspectives. Here, we have decided to focus on serum prolactin level and evaluate its behavior in invasive prolactinoma patients.

METHODS
It is a retrospective and consecutive view of 75 prolactinomas patients registered at the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez in Morocco. Patients were categorized into two groups: invasive and noninvasive prolactinoma. A non-parametric predicted ROC curve was performed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of serum PRL level according to the invasiveness.

RESULTS
A total of 31 patients (41.3%) represented the invasive group and the mean age was 35.6 years old compared to the group of noninvasive (34,1 years old). Males are more likely to be affected by invasive tumor than women (&lt;0,00001). Serum PRL level was higher (2048.6 ± 1882.4) in invasive prolactinoma (p=0.001) and almost all invasive tumors had a PRL level greater than 1000 ng/ml. The predicted ROC curve of the distribution of the serum PRL levels showed an area under curve (AUC) of 89.8% and the calculated value of the threshold to fit a good sensitivity of 80% and false positive rate of 11.6% was estimated to 900 ng/ml.

CONCLUSION
Based on clinical manifestations, hyperprolactinemia and MRI scan, the prolactinoma patients – especially men – presenting a larger tumor size and serum PRL level higher than 900ng/ml, should be considered as an invasive prolactinoma patient. As a matter of fact, with those patients an appropriate treatment should begin as soon as possible.
PITUITARY TUMORS-02 EVOLUTION OF PITUITARY SURGERIES TO THE TRANS-SPHENOIDAL APPROACH IN A NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL: LEANING ON LOCAL TRANSFER OF SKILLS
Authors: Balogun Simon , Omon Henry , Anele Christopher , Ajekwu Temitope , Ejembi Gabriel , Ojo Omotayo , Komolafe Edward 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Globally pituitary surgeries have evolved from transcranial surgeries (TCS) to transsphenoidal (TSS) as the standard of care. This is due to the many benefits of TSS over TCS. However, this evolution has been comparably slow in some parts of Africa. Before 2019, all sellar surgeries in our hospital, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife were done via TCS. To improve the quality of care to our patients, we started the TSS. The evolution into TSS involved local skill transfer.

METHOD
We collaborated with a neurosurgeon from another teaching hospital in Nigeria with expertise in TSS who visited three times. All patients had microscopic TSS. The equipment was sourced for by local neurosurgeons with backup brought by the visiting neurosurgeon. The brain scans were sent ahead, and the visiting surgeon arrived the day before surgery. We compared our experience of TCS over the last 10yrs with our recent TSS experience.

RESULTS
Sixty-nine sellar tumours were surgically operated over 10yrs. 7 of the recent cases had TSS, one was which was done entirely by the local team. There were 2 cases of mortality from the TCS while no mortality from the TSS. The complication rates for the TCS were diabetes insipidus (DI) (22%), Tumour bed hematoma requiring evacuation (10%), SSI (7%) and post-operative seizures (6%). Of the 7 TSS, one had DI, and another had CSF leak and tension pneumocephalus requiring evacuation. 78% of the TCS had intraoperative blood transfusion. None of the TSS had blood. Average post-operative hospital stay was 3 for the TCS and was 9 for the TCS.

CONCLUSION
Our experience with the TCS approach and evolution to the TSS showed the TSS to be better. While overseas training for skill enhancement is desirable, the transfer of local skills can enhance neurosurgery practice in developing countries.
Assessment of ecological variables I
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Human malnutrition is always an ecological problem. It is the end-result of multiple overlapping and interacting factors in the community’s eco logy—that is its physical, biological, social, and cultural environments, including economic constraints and political priorities. The amount of various foods and nutrients available to persons of different age-groups will depend, among other things, upon such environmental conditions as climate, type of soil, agricultural practices, methods of food storage, transport, and marketing. It will also be related to a range of political and cultural factors, including the general economic level, governmental policy concerning an equitable distribution of resources (money, productive land) among the population, the educational level, and population changes, such as occur in urbanization and with an influx of refugees. Cultural influences including local cooking practices, meal patterns, and food classifications, and especially the distribution or restriction of more nutritious foods for vulnerable age-groups will be highly relevant.
Examination of the limbs and trunk
Authors: Bannister Sir Roger 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Examination of the limbs and trunk involves observation of posture; muscle tone, tested by investigating the resistance of muscles to passive movement; the presence or absence of involuntary movements and of muscular wasting and fasciculation; voluntary power in the various muscle groups motor coordination; the reflexes; and sensation. Neurological disorders also sometimes cause trophic symptoms.
The Effects Of Maternal Cigarette Smoking On Placental Structure And Function In Mid- To Late Gestation
Authors: Burton Graham J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although the harmful effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the developing fetus have been extensively researched, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the placenta. The studies that have been performed generally fall into three categories: 1. Those describing the weight and macroscopic appearances of the organ at the time of delivery. 2. Those describing changes in its histological structure. 3. Those describing alterations in the organ's enzymatic and synthetic activities. The findings in each of these three areas will be considered in turn, before discussing possible causative mechanisms.
Parental smoking and respiratory problems in childhood
Authors: Evans Julie-Ann , Golding Jean 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There have been many studies on the possible respiratory effects of exposure to tobacco smoke during childhood. Studies with reasonably large numbers are listed in Table 10.1. There is a lack of consistency in ages, condition, type of population, and statistical methods used. Nevertheless, the vast majority of studies do find some effects of smoking. These are summarized briefly below. Nine studies have looked at parental smoking and chronic cough in the child. Three of these found no association (Liard et al. 1982; Schenker et al. 1983; Clifford et al. 1989), one found an association with both parents smoking (Bland et al. 1978), one found an association that was due more to maternal than paternal smoking (Charlton 1984) and two found an association with the number of smokers in the household, which disappeared after controlling for adult phlegm production (Colley 1974a; Lebowitz and Burrows 1976). Two further studies showed an association with parental smoking when the coughs occurred together with colds (Weiss et al. 1980; Ekwo et al. 1983).
Prenatal Smoking Interventions: Programmes With Important Potential
Authors: Floyd R Louise , Hogue Carol , Marks James , Kendrick Juliette , Zahniser Christine , Gunter Eileen , Stevens Judy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Improving pregnancy outcome by providing high-quality prenatal care has been, and continues to be, a major public health priority in the United States. By providing: 'a foundation for improving the health of the pregnant woman, infant, and family,' the prenatal care system: 'is a cornerstone of health care delivery in our society' (US Public Health Service 1989). Prenatal care is the mechanism through which effective screening for risk factors, counselling to reduce risks, and treatment for health conditions is delivered. Guidelines for content of prenatal care, recently developed by a US Public Health Service expert panel (1989), call for systematic preconception and prenatal counselling to encourage smoking cessation before, during, and after pregnancy. The panel found that: 'among behaviours capable of having adverse effects on pregnancy, smoking has been best studied' (US Public Health Service 1989). The panel judged that scientific evidence is good for an association between maternal smoking and poor pregnancy outcome, for the efficacy of smoking cessation to improve pregnancy outcome, and for the efficacy of health promotion activities that help women stop smoking.