bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of peritoneal micrometastasis by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction for heparanase mRNA and cytology in peritoneal wash samples
Authors: Wang Zhenning , Zhang Xue , Xu Huimian , Zhou Xin , Jiang Li , Lu Chong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroudPeritoneal dissemination is the most common pattern of metastasis in advanced gastric carcinoma with serosal invasion. In the present study, we have reported the clinical relevance of a new diagnostic method with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay using heparanase as a target gene for detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal washes.MethodsIntraoperative peritoneal washes were obtained from 48 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer. RT‐PCR analysis with primers specific for heparanase and conventional cytological examination were performed subsequently.ResultsHeparanase RT‐PCR was capable of detecting at least 10 tumor cells in 10 ml peritoneal wash fluid. There was no detectable heparanase expression in normal gastric epithelial cells and peritoneal wash samples from patients with benign disease. Twenty‐five (52%) patients with gastric cancer had a detectable heparanase expression. Its positive rate was 100% and 59% for the cases with clinically evident peritoneal metastasis and serosal invasion, respectively, both of which are higher than that of cytology.ConclusionsHeparanase mRNA detected in peritoneal lavaged fluid might indicate the presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal cavity. The high sensitivity of RT‐PCR based heparanase assay made it a candidate molecular marker for detecting peritoneal micrometastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;90:59–65. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
COMMENTARY on Wang et al., “Pre‐operative chemotherapy with oral tegafur‐uracil and leucovorin for rectal cancer” (J Surg Oncol 89: 256–263).
Authors: Kauh John , Johnstone Peter 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Surgical Oncology (2005)89 (4) 263–264
Embedded journalists in the Iraq war: Are they at greater psychological risk?
Authors: Feinstein Anthony , Nicolson Dawn 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe current war in Iraq saw an alliance between the media and the military, a process called embedded journalism. The aim of this study was to explore whether this process affected the journalists' vulnerability to psychological distress. Eighty‐five of 100 journalists approached agreed to participate; 38 (44.7%) were embedded. There were no differences between embedded and unilateral (nonembedded) journalists on demographic measures or in their exposure to traumatic events. Similarly, the two groups did not differ on indices of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, psychological distress, and substance use. Based on General Health Questionnaire scores, one third of all journalists were psychologically distressed. There is no evidence from the recent war in Iraq suggesting that embedded journalists are at increased risk for psychological problems.
RESTORE: Robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection
Authors: Chang Lin‐Ching , Jones Derek K. , Pierpaoli Carlo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSignal variability in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is influenced by both thermal noise and spatially and temporally varying artifacts such as subject motion and cardiac pulsation. In this paper, the effects of DWI artifacts on estimated tensor values, such as trace and fractional anisotropy, are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. A novel approach for robust diffusion tensor estimation, called RESTORE (for robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection), is proposed. This method uses iteratively reweighted least‐squares regression to identify potential outliers and subsequently exclude them. Results from both simulated and clinical diffusion data sets indicate that the RESTORE method improves tensor estimation compared to the commonly used linear and nonlinear least‐squares tensor fitting methods and a recently proposed method based on the Geman–McClure M‐estimator. The RESTORE method could potentially remove the need for cardiac gating in DWI acquisitions and should be applicable to other MR imaging techniques that use univariate or multivariate regression to fit MRI data to a model. Magn Reson Med 53:1088–1095, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trace apparent diffusion coefficients of metabolites in human brain using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ellegood Jacob , Hanstock Chris C. , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe rotationally invariant trace/3 apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), and choline (Cho) were determined using a diffusion‐weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence at 3 T in three separate human brain regions, namely the subcortical white matter, occipital gray matter, and frontal gray matter. The measurement of the mean diffusivity eliminates the dependence of the measured ADC on the direction of the diffusion gradient relative to the tissue microstructure (i.e., anisotropy). Macroscopic brain motions induce phase errors that were compensated for by phasing (zero and first order) on the single average spectrum (zero order on the NAA peak) prior to summing the individual spectra. This method yielded reproducible trace/3 ADC values in the expected range without the use of cardiac gating. The mean diffusivity of NAA (0.14 ± 0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s) appears to be less than that of tCr (0.17 ± 0.04 × 10−3 mm2/s) and Cho (0.18 ± 0.05 × 10−3 mm2/s) in human brain. Magn Reson Med 53:1025–1032, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Orientational dependence of intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) signal from tendon tissue
Authors: Ozus Bahadir , Clarke Geoffrey D. , Dodd Stephen J. , Fullerton Gary D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe proton signal changes as the long axis of tendon tissue is rotated with respect to the main magnetic field (B0). The orientational changes in the tendon signal obtained using the correlation spectroscopy revamped by asymmetric z‐gradient echo detection (CRAZED) sequence, which allows the effects of intermolecular dipolar interactions to be observed, were investigated and compared with the orientational changes of the signals produced using correlation spectroscopy (COSY), spin‐echo (SE), and one‐pulse sequences. The intermolecular double quantum coherence (iDQC) signal obtained using the CRAZED sequence showed a variation in the signal from tendon tissue, with sharper peaks and greater relative differences between minimum and maximum signal values compared to the variations in the signal obtained from the COSY, SE, and one‐pulse sequences. This result is attributed to the orientational dependence of the transverse relaxation rate of single (SQC) and double (DQH) quantum coherences R2 and R2,2, respectively. Magn Reson Med 53:1183–1186, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging articular cartilage under compression—cartilage elastography
Authors: Hardy Peter A. , Ridler Anne C. , Chiarot Cameron B. , Plewes Don B. , Henkelman R. Mark 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe constructed a device to compress small samples of articular cartilage while the samples were imaged in a 1.5 T imager. With the use of a piezoelectric piston, the device compressed 1‐cm‐diameter cylindrical samples of articular cartilage (200 μm) at a rate of 2 Hz. Simultaneously, we imaged the samples with a displacement‐sensitive stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence. We validated the technique using tissue that mimicked silicone samples. We compared the results from the same cartilage samples before and after they were degraded by digestion in trypsin. The extent of degradation was visualized from T1‐weighted images of the samples after they were soaked in 0.5 mmolar of GdDTPA. The resulting elastographic images show compression and differential strain in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the surface of the cartilage. The static elastographic images that depict compression made before digestion and after 5 and 15 hr of trypsin digestion show that the elastic modulus of the samples decreased with a spatial variation consistent with the enzymatic digestion as revealed by the T1 images. We believe this technique will be useful in studies of the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and other tissues, and may in the future be extended to the clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 53:1065–1073, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimized 1H MRS and MRSI methods for the in vivo detection of boronophenylalanine
Authors: Bendel Peter , Margalit Raanan , Salomon Yoram 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBoronophenylalanine (BPA) is used as Boron‐10 carrier in boron neutron capture therapy, an experimental cancer radiotherapy. Results of quantitative, noninvasive in vivo detection and imaging of BPA in laboratory animals using 1H NMR are presented for the first time. The purpose of this study was to implement and validate optimized techniques for the efficient detection of BPA. The 1H NMR signals through which BPA is most readily detected in vivo are those from the aromatic ring of the molecule, which are part of a scalar‐coupled spin system. The preferred detection method should therefore be based on a pulse sequence in which the effective TE is as short as possible. Modified versions of LASER (τCP = 4.6 ms, TE = 27.6 ms) and double‐echo slice‐selective 2D MRSI (TE = 12 ms) were implemented for single‐voxel spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging of BPA, respectively. Chemical shift selective excitation was used for both sequences, based on a pulse that enabled narrow‐band excitation without concomitant delay in TE. SI data without water suppression was used for absolute quantitation and for correction of B0 variations. Experiments were conducted at 4.7 T in phantoms and in mice where the infused BPA was detected in the kidney. Magn Reson Med 53:1166–1171, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potassium transport in Langendorff‐perfused mouse hearts assessed by 87Rb NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Jilkina Olga , Xiang Bo , Kuzio Bozena , Rendell John , Kupriyanov Valery V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe studied the fluxes of a potassium congener (Rb+) in mouse hearts by 87Rb MRS at 8.4T. The hearts were loaded with Rb+ by perfusion with Krebs‐Henseleit buffer, in which 50% of K+ was substituted with Rb+. We initiated Rb+ efflux by changing the perfusion medium to Rb+‐free buffer. Spectra were acquired every 1.85 min, and the kinetics of Rb+ transport were analyzed by means of monoexponential fits. The rate constants of Rb+ uptake and efflux were 0.0680 ± 0.0028 and 0.0510 ± 0.0051 min–1, respectively (∼30% faster than in the rat heart). The ATP‐sensitive potassium channel opener, P‐1075 (5 μM), and mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4‐dintrophenol (50 μM), activated Rb+ efflux from mouse hearts by ∼35%. The mechanisms responsible for the differences in Rb+ uptake and efflux under baseline conditions and stimulation, in comparison with rat hearts, are discussed. These data provide a background for studies of cardiac potassium transport in transgenic mouse strains. Magn Reson Med 53:1172–1176, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced field‐of‐view MRI with two‐dimensional spatially‐selective RF excitation and UNFOLD
Authors: Zhao Lei , Madore Bruno , Panych Lawrence P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWhen the region of interest (ROI) is smaller than the object, one can increase MRI speed by reducing the imaging field of view (FOV). However, when such an approach is used, features outside the reduced FOV will alias into the reduced‐FOV image along the phase‐encoding direction. Reduced‐FOV methods are designed to correct this aliasing problem. In the present study, we propose a combination of two different approaches to reduce the acquired FOV: 1) two‐dimensional (2D) spatially‐selective RF excitation, and 2) the unaliasing by Fourier‐encoding the overlaps using the temporal dimension (UNFOLD) technique. While 2D spatially‐selective RF excitation can restrict the spins excited within a reduced FOV, the UNFOLD technique can help to eliminate any residual aliased signals and thus relaxes the requirement for a long RF excitation pulse. This hybrid method was implemented for MR‐based temperature mapping, and resulted in artifact‐free images with a fourfold improvement in temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 53:1118–1125, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo EPR spectroscopic imaging for a liposomal drug delivery system
Authors: Matsumoto Ken‐ichiro , Yahiro Tomoaki , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Utsumi Hideo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe used the membrane‐impermeable nitroxyl radical 4‐trimethylammonium‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyliodide (CAT‐1) as a model drug encapsulated in liposomes in order to separately map the 2D distribution of both liposomal‐encapsulated CAT‐1 and free CAT‐1. Phantoms were prepared with a CAT‐1 solution and a liposomal CAT‐1 suspension. Spectral‐spatial images were obtained along several polar‐arranged spatial axes through the phantom. The 1D spatial distributions (projections) of each signal component, reflecting the concentration of CAT‐1, were then extracted from the spectral‐spatial images. 2D EPR images of liposomal‐encapsulated CAT‐1 and free CAT‐1 were separately reconstructed from the resulting projection data sets. 2D mapping of each component exhibited good agreement with respect to the phantom. Separate maps were generated from separate injections of free CAT‐1 and liposomal CAT‐1 injected into the femoral muscle of a living mouse. The EPR signal of the free CAT‐1 gradually decreased during data acquisition. Because of this decay, we calibrated the image intensity by extrapolating the signal intensity to that detected at the beginning of data sampling. Both the position and size of the individual images were in very good agreement with those of the mouse thigh obtained by MRI. Magn Reson Med 53:1158–1165, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Black blood gradient echo cine magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse heart
Authors: Berr Stuart S. , Roy Rene Jack , French Brent A. , Yang Zequan , Gilson Wesley , Kramer Christopher M. , Epstein Frederick H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA black blood gradient echo sequence for multiphase cardiac MRI of the mouse heart was implemented on a 4.7‐T scanner and compared to a conventional bright blood sequence. Black blood was achieved using the double inversion recovery technique. Ten mice were imaged using both the bright and the black blood sequences, and 2 of the mice were additionally imaged using bright and black blood sequences modified to perform myocardial tagging. Manual planimetry of the images was performed by two independent observers to detect the endocardial and epicardial borders and subsequently to compute chamber volumes and myocardial mass. Weight of the excised left ventricle was used as a gold standard for myocardial mass. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated reduced interobserver variability for the measurement of cardiac volumes using the black blood sequence compared to the bright blood sequence (95% confidence interval was −0.89–0.73 μL for black blood versus −1.86–1.28 μL for bright blood). Also, Bland–Altman analysis showed that the black blood sequence provides improved accuracy for the measurement of myocardial mass compared to the bright blood sequence (average difference between MRI versus weight was 0.9 μg for black blood and −11.2 μg for bright blood, P < 0.01). For myocardial tagging, qualitative assessment demonstrated improved endocardial border definition using the black blood sequence. Black blood cine MRI in mice provides reduced interobserver variability and improved accuracy for the measurement of myocardial volumes and mass compared to the conventional bright blood technique. Magn Reson Med 53:1074–1079, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disruption management in production planning
Authors: Yang Jian , Qi Xiangtong , Yu Gang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe study the problem of recovering a production plan after a disruption, where the disruption may be caused by incidents such as power failure, market change, machine breakdown, supply shortage, worker no‐show, and others. The new recovery plan we seek after has to not only suit the changed environment brought about by the disruption, but also be close to the initial plan so as not to cause too much customer unsatisfaction or inconvenience for current‐stage and downstream operations. For the general‐cost case, we propose a dynamic programming method for the problem. For the convex‐cost case, a general problem which involves both cost and demand disruptions can be solved by considering the cost disruption first and then the demand disruption. We find that a pure demand disruption is easy to handle; and for a pure cost disruption, we propose a greedy method which is provably efficient. Our computational studies also reveal insights that will be helpful to managing disruptions in production planning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
A multilevel finite element method in space‐time for the Navier‐Stokes problem
Authors: He Yinnian , Liu Kam‐Moon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA multilevel finite element method in space‐time for the two‐dimensional nonstationary Navier‐Stokes problem is considered. The method is a multi‐scale method in which the fully nonlinear Navier‐Stokes problem is only solved on a single coarsest space‐time mesh; subsequent approximations are generated on a succession of refined space‐time meshes by solving a linearized Navier‐Stokes problem about the solution on the previous level. The a priori estimates and error analysis are also presented for the J‐level finite element method. We demonstrate theoretically that for an appropriate choice of space and time mesh widths: hj ∼ h, kj ∼ k, j = 2, …, J, the J‐level finite element method in space‐time provides the same accuracy as the one‐level method in space‐time in which the fully nonlinear Navier‐Stokes problem is solved on a final finest space‐time mesh. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Second‐order Galerkin‐Lagrange method for the Navier‐Stokes equations (retracted article)
Authors: Bensaada Mohamed , Esselaoui Driss , Saramito Pierre 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIt has come to the attention of the editors and publisher that an article published in Numerical Methods and Partial Differential Equations, “Second‐order Galerkin‐Lagrange method for the Navier‐Stokes equations,” by Mohamed Bensaada, Driss Esselaoui, and Pierre Saramito, Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 21(6) (2005), 1099–1121 included large portions that were copied from the following paper without proper citation: “Convergence and nonlinear stability of the Lagrange‐Galerkin method for the Navier‐Stokes equations,” Endre Suli, Numerische Mathematik, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 459–486 (July, 1988). We have retracted the paper and apologize to Dr. Suli Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq (2007)23(1)211.
Analysis of a one‐dimensional damage model
Authors: Fernández José R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this work, a one‐dimensional model for the evolution of the damage of an elastic material caused by tension is considered. The model consists of a coupled set of differential inclusions for the elastic displacement and the damage fields. The model decouples, and once the damage is found, the elastic deformations are obtained by quadrature. The existence of a unique solution was proved in Frémond et al. Here, we deal with the numerical analysis of this problem. Using the finite element method to approximate the spatial variable and the backward Euler scheme to discretize the time derivatives, a numerical algorithm is proposed. Error estimates are derived and, under suitable regularity hypotheses, the linear convergence of the numerical scheme deduced. We conclude with some numerical simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
The role of riparian vegetation and woody debris in the development of macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams
Authors: Milner Alexander M. , Gloyne‐Phillips Ian T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRiparian vegetation development and macroinvertebrate assemblages were studied in 16 streams formed between 35 and 230 years ago, following glacial recession in Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska. Riparian vegetation established most rapidly in streams where flow variation in downstream reaches was buffered by a lake. Riparian vegetation development was positively correlated with lower bank stability, but was independent of stream age. Roots and branches of riparian vegetation trailing into streams (trailing riparian habitat—TRH) were shown to be an important habitat for a number of macroinvertebrate taxa. In young and unstable streams, TRH was colonized mainly by Plecoptera whereas in more stable lake‐influenced streams Simuliidae dominated. Significant coarse woody debris (CWD) accumulations were not observed until after approximately 130 years of stream development had occurred when certain channel features, such as gravel bars, were stabilized by dead wood. Where dead wood was present, opportunistic wood taxa were abundant, even in the younger streams. However, a xylophagous species, Polypedilum fallax, was not recorded until streams were over 100 years old. Two‐way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) using presence/absence of macroinvertebrate taxa on TRH, initially divided streams into lake and non‐lake systems, but subsequent divisions were consistent with differences in stream age. TWINSPAN of macroinvertebrate assemblages on dead wood again highlighted differences in stream age. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that bed stability and stream age were the most important environmental variables influencing macroinvertebrate distribution on TRH. Trailing riparian habitat was most abundant in moderately unstable streams where it facilitates invertebrate colonization. CWD contributes markedly to channel stabilization, provides habitat for invertebrate xylophages, and confers additional habitat complexity. Maximum levels of CWD are predicted to occur in non‐lake streams after approximately 300 years, but at least a further 100 years will be required in stable streams below lakes where dead wood entrainment is not enhanced by flooding, channel migration and bank undercutting. A conceptual model summarizing the role of TRH and CWD on stream development in Glacier Bay is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibrin formation during asanguinous normothermic perfusion of the isolated rat liver
Authors: Duca Sergiu , Suciu Antonia , Duca Cornelia , Szantay Ioan , Schwartz Mircea , Lezeu Radu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA progressive accumulation of fibrin in the small vessels of the isolated perfused rat liver was documented by both histological and autohistoradiographic techniques. These changes occurred initially in the sinusoids and later extended to the interlobular branches of the portal vein. Fibrin deposition was accompanied by a reduction of perfusion flow, an increase of the lactate‐pyruvate ratio in the perfusion medium, and a depletion of liver tissue glycogen. All of these changes were prevented by adding streptokinase to the perfusing solution. Mechanisms leading to intravascular accumulation of fibrin and the possible involvement of this process in failure of prolonged liver preservation, hemorrhagic accidents following liver transplantation, and liver allograft rejection are discussed. The use of fibrinolytic agents for perfusion preservation of the isolated liver appears promising.