bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystic fibrosis‐related deaths in infancy and the effect of newborn screening
Authors: Doull Iolo J.M. , Ryley Henry C. , Weller Peter , Goodchild Mary C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) is widely advocated, hard evidence in its favor is difficult to obtain, partly because of a dramatically improved life expectancy. Between 1985–l989 infants, born in Wales and the West Midlands were randomized to newborn CF screening by heel‐prick immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) measurement or diagnosis by clinical presentation. Eligible children with CF who died in the first 5 years of life were identified from the local pediatricians and from the National UK CF Survey.In all, 230,076 infants were randomized to be screened, while 234,510 were unscreened. One hundred seventy‐six CF children were identified, of whom 7 died in the first 5 years of life, 3 having presented with meconium ileus. Median age of diagnosis in the screened group was 8 weeks. On an intention to treat analysis, all 4 nonmeconium ileus‐related deaths occurred in the unscreened group (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). However, the clinical presentation of 2 of these infants led to them being diagnosed prior to 8 weeks, i.e., earlier than would have been likely by screening.In conclusion, newborn screening has the potential to decrease infant CF deaths, but if it is to be successful, identification and treatment must occur as soon as possible after birth. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:363–366. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic lung disease of the newborn is not associated with Ureaplasma urealyticum
Authors: Ollikainen Jukka , Korppi Matti , Heiskanen‐Kosma Tarja , Heinonen Kirsti 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo clarify the association of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection with chronic lung disease of the newborn 145 preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestation were examined. The infants were enrolled during two separate periods. The presence of U. urealyticum was studied by obtaining endotracheal culture samples and blood samples; if either of these samples grew the organism, the child was regarded as having U. urealyticum infection. Infection with U. urealyticum was detected in 33%, and chronic lung disease (defined as the need for oxygen, and typical chest radiograph at 28 days of age) in 43% of infants. The development of chronic lung disease was not associated with the presence of U. urealyticum.Our results suggest only a minor indirect role for U. urealyticum in the development of chronic lung disease of the newborn. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:303–307. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endothelin‐1 production by prostate cancer cell lines is up‐regulated by factors involved in cancer progression and down‐regulated by androgens
Authors: Granchi Simone , Brocchi Sandro , Bonaccorsi Lorella , Baldi Elisabetta , Vinci Maria Cristina , Forti Gianni , Serio Mario , Maggi Mario 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundRecent data demonstrate that endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) concentration increases in plasma of men with advanced, hormone‐refractory prostate adenocarcinoma. In addition, ET‐1 is involved in osteblastic remodelling and new bone formation, suggesting a role for this vasoactive peptide in the metastatic progression of prostate cancer to the bone.MethodsWe investigated the regulation of ET‐1 expression in androgen‐sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cell lines by androgens and several factors involved in progression of prostate cancer (EGF) and bone remodelling (TGFβ‐1, IL1‐α and IGF‐1).ResultsNorthern analysis and radio immunoassay demonstrated that all the ET‐1 pathways are tuned off in the androgen‐sensitive LNCaP cell line when compared to the androgen‐insensitive PC‐3 and DU145. In PC‐3 cells transfected with a full‐length androgen receptor expression vector (PC‐3‐AR), treatment with androgens reduced gene expression and secretion of ET‐1 without affecting the gene expression of ET‐3. Collectively, these data support a role for androgens in the regulation of ET‐1 production by prostate adenocarcinoma cells. In PC‐3 and DU145 cells, ET‐1 gene expression and secretion were up‐regulated by TGFβ‐1, EGF and IL1‐α, whereas IGF‐1 was ineffective. Conversely, none of the treatments affected ECE‐1 or ET‐3 gene expression.ConclusionsIn conclusion, ET‐1 production by prostate adenocarcinoma cells is down‐regulated by androgens and up‐regulated by factors involved in tumour progression indicating a role for this peptide in the biology of prostate cancer. In view of the role exerted by ET‐1 in the process of bone metastasis, our data suggest the use of ET‐1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 49:267–277, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) in human prostate cancer
Authors: Segawa Yoshihiro , Yoshimura Rikio , Hase Taro , Nakatani Tatsuya , Wada Seiji , Kawahito Yutaka , Kishimoto Taketoshi , Sano Hajime 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator activator‐receptors (PPAR)‐γ is expressed in some cancer cells such as breast, lung, and gastric cancer, and its ligand induces growth arrest of these cancer cells through apoptosis. However, the expression and localization of PPARs in prostate have not been examined. In this study, PPARs expression was investigated in human prostate cancer (PC), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and normal prostate (NP) tissues.METHODSTumor specimens were obtained from 156 patients with PC, 15 with PIN, 20 with BPH, and 12 patients with NP tissues. The expressions were investigated by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical methods.RESULTSImmunoreactive PPAR‐α and ‐β were significantly apparent in PC tissues. Marked expressions of PPAR‐α and ‐β were also detected in PIN, BPH, and NP groups. However, very weak or no expression of immunoreactive PPAR‐γ was found in BPH and NP cases. In contrast, we found significant expression of immunoreactive PPAR‐γ in cancer cells in PC group and in PIN group.CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrated that PPAR‐γ is induced in PC, and suggest that PPAR‐γ ligands may mediate its own potent antiproliferative effect against PC cells through differentiation. Prostate 51: 108–116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Curcumin enhances cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in prostate cancer cells by inducing p21WAF1/CIP1 and C/EBPβ expressions and suppressing NF‐κB activation
Authors: Hour Tzyh‐Chyuan , Chen Jun , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Guan Jing‐Yi , Lu Shiu‐Hui , Pu Yeong‐Shiau 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe modulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin (CCM) on the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents to prostate cancer cells were explored.METHODSThe combined effects of CCM and chemotherapeutic agents were examined by three different administration schedules (one concurrent and two sequential treatments) in two androgen‐independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cells (PC‐3 and DU145). Alteration of cell cycle progression, protein levels, and transcriptional activation in PC‐3 cells were assayed by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and gel shift assay, respectively.RESULTSThe combined effects of CCM → chemotherapeutic agent schedule showed the greatest synergistic cytotoxicity when compared to the other two schedules in both cells. CCM induced a significant G1 arrest in PC‐3, which may be mediated by the induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 and C/EBPβ. Moreover, CCM was able to inhibit both the constitutional and TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation in a time‐dependent manner.CONCLUSIONSThe incorporation of CCM into cytotoxic therapies may be a promising strategy for the treatment of AIPC. Prostate 51: 211–218, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular dynamics study of a hyperthermophilic and a mesophilic rubredoxin
Authors: Grottesi Alessandro , Ceruso Marc‐Antoine , Colosimo Alfredo , Di Nola Alfredo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years, increased interest in the origin of protein thermal stability has gained attention both for its possible role in understanding the forces governing the folding of a protein and for the design of new highly stable engineered biocatalysts. To study the origin of thermostability, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of two rubredoxins, from the mesophile Clostridium pasteurianum and from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus. The simulations were carried out at two temperatures, 300 and 373 K, for each molecule. The length of the simulations was within the range of 6–7.2 ns. The rubredoxin from the hyperthermophilic organism was more flexible than its mesophilic counterpart at both temperatures; however, the overall flexibility of both molecules at their optimal growth temperature was the same, despite 59% sequence homology. The conformational space sampled by both molecules was larger at 300 K than at 373 K. The essential dynamics analysis showed that the principal overall motions of the two molecules are significantly different. On the contrary, each molecule showed similar directions of motion at both temperatures. Proteins 2002;46:287–294. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing the structure of the warfarin‐binding site on human serum albumin using site‐directed mutagenesis
Authors: Petersen Charles E. , Ha Chung‐Eun , Curry Stephen , Bhagavan Nadhipuram V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe binding of warfarin to the following human serum albumin (HSA) mutants was examined: K195M, K199M, F211V, W214L, R218M, R222M, H242V, and R257M. Warfarin bound to human serum albumin (HSA) exhibits an intrinsic fluorescence that is approximately 10‐fold greater than the corresponding signal for warfarin in aqueous solution. This property of the warfarin/HSA complex has been widely used to determine the dissociation constant for the interaction. In the present study, such a technique was used to show that specific substitutions in subdomain 2A altered the affinity of HSA for warfarin. The fluorescence of warfarin/mutant HSA complexes varied widely from the fluorescence of the warfarin/wild‐type HSA complex at pH = 7.4, suggesting changes in the structure of the complex resulting from specific substitutions. The fluorescence of the warfarin/wild‐type HSA complex increases about twofold as the pH is increased from 6.0 to 9.0 due to the neutral‐to‐base (N–B) transition, a conformational change that occurs in HSA as a function of pH. Changes in the fluorescence of warfarin/mutant HSA complexes as a function of pH suggests novel behavior for most HSA species examined. For the HSA mutants F211V and H242V, the midpoint of the N–B transition shifts from a wild‐type pH of 7.8 to a pH value of 7.1–7.2. Proteins 2002;47:116–125. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An appraisal of methods for measurement of pesticide transformation in the groundwater zone
Authors: Leistra Minze , Smelt Johan H 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLaboratory and field studies show that pesticides may be transformed in the groundwater zone. Possible reaction mechanisms are chemical hydrolysis, catalytic reduction and aerobic or anaerobic microbial transformation. Transformation in the groundwater zone can be an important element in the advanced evaluation of the potential risk arising from a pesticide in the public drinking water supply. However, rate and pathway of transformation can show large differences, depending on the bio‐geochemical conditions in the groundwater zone. Knowledge of the reaction mechanisms and the effect of aquifer conditions would allow vulnerable and low‐vulnerable application areas for a pesticide to be delimited. An outline is given of possible approaches to quantifying these transformation processes and using the results in registration procedures, especially in the EU and its member states. Furthermore, areas where there is need for continued research and better understanding are highlighted.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Is attract‐and‐kill technology potent against insecticide‐resistant Lepidoptera?
Authors: Poullot Delphine , Beslay Dominique , Bouvier Jean‐Charles , Sauphanor Benoît 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAttract‐and‐kill techniques, associating an attractant and a contact insecticide in a sticky formulation, are a new way of controlling Lepidopteran pests. Insecticide resistance may, however, limit the effectiveness and even the attractiveness of such formulations where resistance pleiotropic effects influence pheromone perception. We have tested this hypothesis on resistant codling moths Cydia pomonella (L) using a commercial formulation containing (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone), the major component of the sex pheromone, as an attractant and permethrin as toxicant. We first compared the attractiveness of codlemone in a wind tunnel and the contact toxicity of pyrethroids on males of one susceptible and of three strains selected for resistance to diflubenzuron, deltamethrin and azinphos‐methyl. The dose‐response relationships of males of susceptible and resistant strains to codlemone did not differ significantly. The deltamethrin‐selected strain was the most resistant to pyrethroids, exhibiting 138‐, 25‐ and 18‐fold resistance ratios to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and permethrin, respectively. The efficiency of the attracticide formulation, applied successively on filter paper support, glass support and wood support, was estimated by recording the mortality delay of males after natural contact with the formulation in the wind tunnel. The deltamethrin‐and diflubenzuron‐resistant strains were significantly less affected than the susceptible strain by contact with the attracticide on the wooden support, exhibiting 58‐ and 2.3‐fold greater LT50 ratios, respectively. Mortality of deltamethrin‐resistant moths did not exceed 40% after 48 h. The LT50 value was significantly greater on filter paper support than on the two other supports. Surprisingly, the LT50 ratio of the deltamethrin‐resistant strain was markedly higher on filter paper support (1021‐fold), which was more absorbent, than on the glass support (31‐fold). No sublethal effects in terms of pheromone response, mating or fecundity occurred in moths surviving contact with the attracticide. Choice of insecticides in attracticide formulations will be influenced by the resistance background of the target pests. Principles of insecticide resistance management may also be applied to attract‐and‐kill technology by alternating with other insecticides or control methods.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Transferability of fracture mechanics parameters to fracture performance evaluation of welds with mismatching
Authors: Toyoda Masao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to evaluate fracture performance of steel welded structures, the fracture mechanics approach has been adopted. However, it has frequently been pointed out that conventional fracture mechanics parameters are not necessarily applicable to all cases. This inconsistency is due to the difference of stress–strain behaviour depending on plastic constraints in the vicinity of a crack tip between the fracture toughness testing specimen and the practical structures. Accordingly, the transferability of the fracture‐controlling parameter and a new appropriate procedure is discussed.In the welded joint, moreover, the mismatching of metallurgical/mechanical properties inevitably exists. Mismatching in strength also results in considerable change in plastic constraints. It is very important that the combined consideration of both strength mismatching and transferability for critical assessment of the structural integrity with regard to the unstable fracture of steel welded structures.The present paper summarizes the recent activities on transferability of fracture toughness data to fracture assessment in structural welded joints, with particular reference to mechanical heterogeneity observed in welded joints.
Cytotoxic coumarins and lignans from extracts of the northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)
Authors: Ju Yong , Still Cecil C. , Sacalis John N. , Li Jiangang , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour pyranocoumarins; dipetaline, alloxanthoxyletin, xanthoxyletin and xanthyletin; and two lignans; sesamin and asarinin were isolated from the northern prickly ash, Zanthoxylum americanum. To varying degrees, all inhibited the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into human leukaemia (HL‐60) cells. Dipetaline was the most active with an IC50 of 0.68 ppm, followed by alloxanthoxyletin (1.31 ppm), sesamin (2.71 ppm), asarinin (4.12 ppm), xanthoxyletin (3.48 ppm) and xanthylletin (3.84 ppm). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Garcinia extract inhibits lipid droplet accumulation without affecting adipose conversion in 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Hasegawa Noboru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGarcinia extract was isolated from the fruit of the Garcinia cambogia and was used as a potential antiobesity agent. In week 3 of culture with insulin, the fat cells exhibited more numerous and larger intracytoplasmic lipid droplets (i.e. 30–40 µm2). When Garcinia extract and insulin were added simultaneously, the accumulation of lipid droplets was inhibited and the peak droplet area shifted to become smaller (10–20 µm2). The activities of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, a marker of adipose differentiation, were not significantly inhibited by the Garcinia extract. These findings suggest that the Garcinia extract inhibits lipid droplet accumulation in fat cells without affecting adipose conversion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibacterial activity of some Moroccan medicinal plants
Authors: Larhsini M. , Oumoulid L. , Lazrek H.B. , Wataleb S. , Bousaid M. , Bekkouche K. , Jana M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extracts of 12 plants selected on the basis of the folk‐medicine reports were examined for their antibacterial effects against eight pathogenic bacteria. The n‐butanol extract of Calotropis procera flowers and the aqueous extract of Eugenia caryophyllata proved to be the most effective against the bacteria tested. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An aqueous extract of the green leafy vegetable Ipomoea aquatica is as effective as the oral hypoglycaemic drug tolbutamide in reducing the blood Sugar levels of Wistar rats
Authors: Malalavidhane S. , Wickramasinghe S. M. D. N. , Jansz E. R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study was undertaken to compare the oral hypoglycaemic activity of an aqueous extract of the green leafy vegetable Ipomoea aquatica (dose equivalent to 3.3 g starting material /kg body weight) with that of the known oral hypoglycaemic drug tolbutamide (15 mg/kg body weight) in glucose challenged Wistar rats (3 g/kg body weight, administered 30 min after the administration of Ipomoea aquatica or tolbutamide). One and half hours after administration of glucose (equivalent to 2 h after administration of plant extract or tolbutamide), the mean blood glucose level of the Ipomoea aquatica treated group was 47.5% lower than that of the control group treated with distilled water. The tolbutamide treated group showed a mean blood glucose level which was only 33.8% lower than that of the control group. However, statistical analysis indicated that the blood glucose levels of the Ipomoea aquatica treated group were not significantly different from that of the tolbutamide treated group. Our results show that the aqueous extract of Ipomoea aquatica is as effectve as tolbutamide in reducing the blood glucose levels of glucose‐challenged Wistar rats. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous extract of Terminalia avicennoides roots
Authors: Abdullahi A. L. , Agho M. O. , Amos S. , Gamaniel K. S. , Wambebe C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe antidiarrhoeal effects of the aqueous root extract of Terminalia avicennoides were evaluated in rodents. Studies were carried out on the isolated rabbit jejunum, gastrointestinal motility in vivo and on castor oil‐induced diarrhoea in mice. The results revealed that the extract exhibited a concentration‐dependent inhibition of the spontaneous pendular movement of the isolated rabbit jejunum and attenuated acetylcholine induced contractions. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) also caused a dose‐dependent decrease of gastrointestinal transit and markedly protected mice against castor oil‐induced diarrhoea. The intraperitoneal LD50 of the extract was found to be 871.4–917.4 mg/kg in mice (95% confidence). A preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of T. avicennoides roots revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. The results obtained showed that the water extract of T. avicennoides roots may contain some biologically active principles that may be active against diarrhoea and this may be the basis for its use traditionally for gastrointestinal disorders. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of a lipopolysaccharide from E. coli on the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Yang H. , Kaneko M. , He C. , Hughes M. A. , Cherry G. W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudies previously conducted in our laboratory have shown that an extract from the leaves of Chromo‐laena odorata is mitogenic for human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. However, lipopolysaccharides, sometimes present in plant extracts, can also play a role in cell growth and might have been responsible for or contributed to the mitogenic activity observed. The present study aimed to investigate whether a lipopolysaccharide would have any effect on the proliferation of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Cells were seeded in 96‐well plates and concentrations from 0.0 to 5.0 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide in basal or growth medium were added. Cell growth was determined over a period of 10 days using a colorimetric assay. Lipopolysaccharide at concentrations between 0.05 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL in the growth medium significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation after incubation for more than 6 days. In basal medium, more than 8 days of incubation was needed for significant stimulation of growth. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of keratinocytes was evident at 0.5 μg/mL by day 3 in basal medium and by day 5 in growth medium. Although the lipopolysaccharide did stimulate cell growth it did so only at higher concentrations than were present in our plant extracts and to a lesser degree. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Linalool on [3H] MK801 and [3H] Muscimol Binding in Mouse Cortical Membranes
Authors: Silva Brum L. F. , Elisabetsky E. , Souza D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLinalool is a monoterpene compound reported to be a major component of essential oils of several aromatic species. Several linalool‐producing species are used in traditional medical systems for sedative purposes, including the interruption and prevention of seizures. Previous studies in mice revealed that linalool modulates glutamatergic (competitive antagonism of L‐[3H]glutamate binding, delayed intraperitoneal NMDA‐induced convulsions and blockade of intracerebroventricular Quin‐induced convulsions) and GABAergic transmission (protection against pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin‐induced convulsions). To further clarify the anticonvulsive mechanisms of linalool, we studied the effects of linalool on binding of [3H]MK801 (NMDA antagonist) and [3H]muscimol (GABAA agonist) to mouse cortical membranes. Linalool showed a dose dependent non‐competitive inhibition of [3H]MK801 binding (IC50 = 2.97 mM) but no effect on [3H]muscimol binding. The data suggest that the anticonvulsant mode of action of linalool includes a direct interaction with the NMDA receptor complex. The data do not, however, support a direct interaction of linalool with GABAA receptors, although changes in GABA‐mediated neuronal inhibition or effects on GABA release and uptake cannot be ruled out.