bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential Exposure to PM2.5 Constituents and Fecundability in a Danish Preconception Cohort
Authors: Wesselink Amelia K. , Johannesen Benjamin R. , Wang Tanran R. , Ketzel Matthias , Mikkelsen Ellen M. , Brandt Jørgen , Khan Jibran , Hertel Ole , Laursen Anne Sofie Dam , Willis Mary D. , Levy Jonathan I. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Wise Lauren A. , Hatch Elizabeth E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEpidemiologic studies have demonstrated that ambient concentrations of particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) are associated with reduced fecundability, the per cycle probability of conception. The specific constituents driving this association are unknown.ObjectivesWe examined the association between ambient concentrations of PM2.5 constituents and fecundability in a Danish preconception cohort study.MethodsDuring 2007–2018, we enrolled female pregnancy planners in an Internet‐based preconception cohort study. We included the 5905 participants who had been trying to conceive for < 3 cycles at study enrollment. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and follow‐up questionnaires every 8 weeks to update pregnancy status. We geocoded time‐varying residential addresses to estimate ambient concentrations of total PM2.5 and the following PM2.5 constituents: elemental carbon (EC), primary organic aerosol (POA), secondary organic aerosols (SOA), sulfate (SO42−), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and sea salt. We averaged concentrations of each pollutant across each menstrual cycle at risk. We fit proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for potential confounders and co‐pollutants.ResultsTotal PM2.5 concentrations were associated with reduced fecundability (the FR for an IQR increase, corresponding to 3.2 μg/m3, was 0.93 [95% CI 0.87, 0.99]). The association was strongest for POA: the FR for an IQR increase, corresponding to 1.3 μg/m3, was 0.92 (95% CI 0.84, 1.01). The corresponding FRs for the remaining PM2.5 constituents were 0.96 (95% CI 0.87, 1.05) for EC (IQR = 0.5 μg/m3), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91, 1.06) for SOA (IQR = 0.5), 0.97 (95% CI 0.92, 1.02) for SO24− (IQR = 0.4), 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 1.01) for NH4+ (IQR = 0.5), 0.97 (95% CI 0.93, 1.01) for NO3− (IQR = 1.0), and 1.00 (95% CI 0.95, 1.06) for sea salt (IQR = 0.4).ConclusionsIn this Danish preconception cohort study, PM2.5 constituents derived from biomass and transportation‐related combustion may drive the association between PM2.5 concentrations and fecundability.
Depth and Death: Trade Agreements and Trade Duration
Authors: Besedeš Tibor , Moreno‐Cruz Juan , Nitsch Volker 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe examine how shallow and deep economic integration agreements affect duration of spells of trade. We build a dynamic model of firm behavior which allows us to characterize duration of trade and the effect of agreements. The model predicts that duration increases in size and length of spells, which is supported by data. The model also predicts that agreements will reduce the hazard of already active spells when an agreement starts, and increase the hazard of spells that start after the agreement. We find empirical support for these predictions as well. Shallow agreements have larger effects than deep agreements.
Taking “Descartes's Myth” seriously: Rethinking the Rylean narrative
Authors: Lenz Martin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSocial philosophy of mind and epistemology seem to be fairly recent inventions. According to a still widespread picture, early modern philosophers were constrained by an individualistic paradigm that settles epistemological and psychological explanations by considering the minds of single thinkers. This picture is mainly owing to the historiography epitomized in Gilbert Ryle's attack on dualism. However, once we look beyond this picture, we can see that at least some early modern views on the mind can be read as social approaches. Accordingly, a great part of understanding the history and philosophy of early modern social epistemology depends on understanding what the Rylean picture amounts to and how it functions. Drawing mainly on my case study of Spinoza, I shall argue that the Rylean picture needs to be both taken seriously and challenged. I will begin by considering its features as a historiographical narrative and zoom in on the conceptual connection between dualism and individualism to assess its adequacy.
Cultivating space for teacher leadership: Two cases of negotiating and developing identities across systems
Authors: Bolyard Johnna , Campbell Matthew P. , Freeland Sean , Petrone Christina Glance 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTeacher leadership research often focuses on individuals in formal leadership roles, including administrative roles outside of the classroom, attending to their knowledge, skills, and dispositions, and their impact on instructional improvement. An emerging view of teacher leaders focuses on individuals who take on responsibility for instructional improvement in a school or district absent a particular title‐often while maintaining a primary responsibility as classroom teacher‐and the role that systems play in supporting or constraining teachers' agency and voice in improvement. In this paper, we draw on a networked ecological perspective on teachers' positioning in school systems as well as a dialogical view of identity to present two cases of teacher leaders navigating multiple systems‐school, district, and other collaborations and professional spaces‐as teacher leaders, negotiating their own conceptions of teacher leadership and their identities as teacher leaders. Through these cases, we offer considerations of how professional spaces in and out of schools and districts can potentially influence evolving perspectives on teacher leadership. We also offer consideration of how identity is key to understanding teacher leader practice and development, as well as attending to influences of various systems on teacher leadership, including particular cultural contexts such as rural schools and communities.
Using instructional coaching to support elementary preservice mathematics teachers' development of questioning strategies
Authors: Jones Lianne , Smith Margeaux , Martinez Andrea , Cooper Sandi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTeacher questioning is a commonly used pedagogical tool with great impact on student learning. In mathematics classrooms, questioning is also connected to the Mathematics Teaching Practices (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Principles to actions: Ensuring mathematical success for all, NCTM, 2014) of eliciting student thinking, supporting productive struggle, and connecting mathematical representations. Teacher questioning is a complex skill to develop, particularly for preservice teachers, as it requires firm knowledge in content, pedagogy, and student needs. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to examine the impact of questioningfocused, non‐supervisory instructional coaching cycles on elementary preservice teachers’ questioning practices. Findings indicate that coaching cycles resulted in more balanced question usage, increased awareness of questioning practices, and increased confidence in posing purposeful questions. These findings suggest that instructional coaching specific to questioning practices could provide a viable means of authentic support for preservice teachers throughout their clinical experiences.
Target‐site resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in Stellaria media, Papaver rhoeas, Glebionis segetum and Veronica persica from Ireland
Authors: Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan Vijaya Bhaskar , Torra Joel , Runge Fabian , Nolan Gerard , Hennessy Michael , Dermot Forristal Patrick 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing reliance on acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides alone has resulted in the evolution of resistance in key broad‐leaf species in cereal farms in Ireland. Our objective was to confirm and characterise the resistance levels and mechanisms in resistance‐suspect populations (R) of Stellaria media (STEME‐R1, STEME‐R2 and STEME‐R3), Papaver rhoeas (PAPRH‐R), Glebionis segetum (GLESE‐R) and Veronica persica (VERPE‐R) to two different ALS‐inhibiting herbicide chemistries, sulfonylurea (SU) and triazolopyrimidine (TP). Following single‐dose testing that confirmed inadequate control of all six R populations, dose–response experiments revealed varying resistance levels to SU and/or TP, which were associated with target‐site resistance mutations. Weed species populations, STEME‐R1 and STEME‐R3 (both Trp‐574‐Leu), and STEME‐R2 (combined Trp‐574‐Leu and Pro‐197‐Ser; first report for this species), and PAPRH‐R (Trp‐574‐Leu, which was detected for the first time in all population plants, combined with Pro‐197‐His or Pro‐197‐Leu) and VERPE‐R (Trp‐574‐Leu; first worldwide case) showed high resistance or cross‐resistance to SU and TP. All herbicide‐surviving plants tested were heterozygous for single or combined mutations. The G. segetum population, GLESE‐R, had multiple substitutions and zygosity (Pro/Leu, Leu, Leu/Gln or Thr/Leu) at Pro‐197, which was identified for the first time for this species conferred SU resistance only. Cytochrome P450 inhibitor studies on selected species did not detect metabolism‐mediated resistance to SU or TP. Alternative herbicide modes of action alone or in co‐formulation with ALS‐TP should be used to manage these resistant populations. This study has added new information to the current knowledge of the resistance spectrum to ALS inhibitors in several broad‐leaved weeds.
Soil pH is an underappreciated influence on germination‐ and microbial‐based methods for reducing weed seedbanks in croplands
Authors: Rashid Abdur , Sanogo Soum , Lehnhoff Erik A. , Beck Leslie , Schutte Brian J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn cropland soils, pH is rapidly or gradually changed by crop production practices including synthetic fertilizer treatments, organic amendments, and leguminous crops. Crop production practices that alter soil pH may also affect germination and microbial decay of weed seeds, thereby impacting the outcomes of management methods that induce germination or microbial decay to reduce reservoirs of weed seeds in soil (i.e., weed seedbanks). To gain insight into putative relationships between soil pH and efficacies of seedbank reduction methods, we evaluated published studies related to the influence of soil pH on weed seed germination and decay. Based on our review, we suggest germination‐based methods for diminishing seedbanks are most effective when implemented in ways that either prevent immediate changes in soil pH or induce transitions to neutral pH. Microbial‐based methods for reducing seedbanks may be most effective if implemented in soil with neutral pH. This is because neutral pH increases availability of mineral nutrients required by microorganisms and minimizes availability of heavy metals that are potentially toxic to soil microorganisms. Although further study is needed, this literature review suggests optimization of germination and microbial methods for weed seedbank reduction involves consideration of crop production practices that cause quick and temporary, or gradual and lasting, changes to soil pH.
On minimal presentations of numerical monoids
Authors: Moscariello Alessio , Sammartano Alessio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider the classical problem of determining the largest possible cardinality of a minimal presentation of a numerical monoid with given embedding dimension and multiplicity. Very few values of this cardinality are known. In addressing this problem, we apply tools from Hilbert functions and free resolutions of artinian standard graded algebras. This approach allows us to solve the problem in many cases and, at the same time, identify subtle difficulties in the remaining cases. As a by‐product of our analysis, we deduce results for the corresponding problem for the type of a numerical monoid.
Paton Prize Lecture Winner 2024: Gordon Holmes and the Irish spirit of adventure: Lessons for modern thinkers
Authors: Roe Seán M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis lecture is given in honour of Sir William Paton (1917–1993), physiologist, pharmacologist and Fellow of the Royal Society. His passion for the history of medicine led to generous donations to the Society, who consequently founded the Paton Prize Fund for historical research. After his death, this eponymous Prize Lecture was debuted in 1994. It has been a singular honour for me to acclaim the similarly influential Irish neurologist Gordon Morgan Holmes (1876–1965), whose work has been a particular preoccupation of mine for my entire career, since I first heard of him as an undergraduate in 1991. Holmes’ work on the World War I battlefield completely transformed neurology, in terms both of clinical practice and its knowledge base. Clinical techniques developed by him at that time remain established current practice, and his visual field maps were not superseded for 73 years. His legacy to neurology is extensive, with his editorship of the journal Brain from 1922 to 1937. He had a profound influence both here and across the Atlantic, evinced by global warm tributes published on his death in 1965. The Lecture concentrates on a confluence of events and circumstances existing in the Flanders trenches that met a man singularly suited to overcoming the challenges posed. He received training in neuroanatomy from the German anatomists and clinical skills from the British greats in the National Hospital Queen Square. Coupled with an Irish adventurousness and insatiable curiosity, this experience presaged advances that resonate >100 years on. His legacy speaks profoundly of curiosity, interdisciplinarity and reconciliation.
Multifractal Terrain Generation for Evaluating Autonomous Off-Road Ground Vehicles
Authors: Majhor Casey D. , Bos Jeremy P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present a multifractal artificial terrain generation method that uses the 3D Weierstrass–Mandelbrot function to control roughness. By varying the fractal dimension used in terrain generation across three different values, we generate 60 unique off-road terrains. We use gradient maps to categorize the roughness of each terrain, consisting of low-, semi-, and high-roughness areas. To test how the fractal dimension affects the difficulty of vehicle traversals, we measure the success rates, vertical accelerations, pitch and roll rates, and traversal times of an autonomous ground vehicle traversing 20 randomized straight-line paths in each terrain. As we increase the fractal dimension from 2.3 to 2.45 and from 2.45 to 2.6, we find that the median area of low-roughness terrain decreases by 13.8% and 7.16%, the median area of semi-rough terrain increases by 11.7% and 5.63%, and the median area of high-roughness terrain increases by 1.54% and 3.33%, respectively. We find that the median success rate of the vehicle decreases by 22.5% and 25% as the fractal dimension increases from 2.3 to 2.45 and from 2.45 to 2.6, respectively. Successful traversal results show that the median root-mean-squared vertical accelerations, median root-mean-squared pitch and roll rates, and median traversal times all increase with the fractal dimension.
Mechanical Degradation on Defective Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao You , Hao Zhiwei , Jiang Yuxin , Yao Tianhong , Wang Lubing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Unavoidable minor electric vehicle collisions can cause defects and deformations in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The safety of such defective batteries is crucial for ensuring the overall safety and stability of battery systems. However, the usability of a defective battery and the mechanisms underlying the damage remain unclear. In this study, we focus on the mechanical performance of defective batteries, safety thresholds, and the associated failure mechanisms. Initially, two typical defective cells are prepared by quasi-static loading using different indenters. The mechanical responses of these cells are then assessed via quasi-static flat compression. Finally, a mechanical failure criterion for the battery is proposed based on the thickness of the separator. The effects of defect area and defect angle on the performance of defective cells are also discussed. These results provide valuable insights for the safety assessment and management of defective lithium-ion batteries.
A Longitudinal Study of Organizational Stressors and Mental Health in the Irish Olympic Team Before and After the “Tokyo 2020” (2021) Olympic Games
Authors: Browne Jo-Anne , Paradis Kyle F. , Kirby Kate , Arnold Rachel 
Published: January 2025

Aims: The primary aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between organizational stressors and mental health and well-being indicators of the Irish Olympic Team before and after the “Tokyo 2020” Olympic Games. A secondary aim was to examine the differences in mental health and well-being between the athletes and staff of Team Ireland pre- and post-Games. Method: The Irish Olympic Team comprised 271 members (116 athletes and 155 team staff). Participants were sent an online survey package 2 weeks pregames (Time 1) and 4 weeks postgames (Time 2). A total of 98 participants (36% response rate) responded at Time 1, and 70 participants (26% response rate) responded at Time 2. Measures included the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers, the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form, and the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1. Results: There was a significant inverse association between organizational stressors and mental well-being at both Time 1 (β = −0.46) and Time 2 (β = −0.35) and from pre- to post-Games (β = −0.48). There was a significant positive association between organizational stressors and risk of mental health symptoms at both Time 1 (β = 0.69) and Time 2 (β = 0.67) and from pre- to post-Games (β = 0.34). At Time 1, team staff (75%) reported significantly greater risk of mental health symptoms than athletes (50%); however, at Time 2, athletes (80%) reported significantly greater risk of mental health symptoms than staff (50%). The overall number of participants flourishing decreased from pre- (43%) to post-Games (31%). Conclusion: Findings have implications for mental health support provision, which tends to be athlete focused but might forget about team staff, and to consider preevent provision but to also not forget about postevent care.
Septic shock and meningitis caused by
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
(serovar B) in an immunocompetent patient: case report
Authors: Germuskova Zoja , Westerholt Marc , Ocias Lukas Frans 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background

Capnocytophaga canimorsus
, a Gram-negative rod found in the commensal oral microflora of dogs, is a rare cause of infection following a dog bite, with severe infections more commonly occurring in asplenic or immunocompromised patients. This is a rare case of septic shock and meningitis with a serovar B strain in an immunocompetent patient who passed away due to the infection.

Case Summary

A previously healthy man in his late 50s with no known immunodeficiencies was admitted to the hospital with fever and cognitive deficits after being bitten by a dog.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
grew in his cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures. Despite aggressive fluid therapy, antibiotics, and intensive care, the patient succumbed to the infection. The strain was later characterized as serovar B using whole genome sequencing.

Conclusion

Even immunocompetent patients are at risk of severe infection caused by
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
. These infections are an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with fever following recent dog exposure with serovars A–C being the most common in human clinical isolates.
Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter hormaechei
uses mucus metabolism to facilitate gastrointestinal colonization
Authors: Sinha Ritam , Ottosen Elizabeth N. , Ngwaga Tshegofatso , Shames Stephanie R. , DiRita Victor J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The emergence and global spread of carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter cloacae
complex species present a pressing public health challenge. Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter
spp. cause a wide variety of infections, including septic shock fatalities in newborns and immunocompromised adults. The intestine may be a major reservoir for these resistant strains, either by facilitating contamination of fomites and transfer to susceptible individuals, or through translocation from the gut to the bloodstream. For this reason, we sought to establish a neonatal mouse model to investigate the mechanisms underpinning gut colonization by carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter hormaechei
. We describe a new mouse model to study gut colonization by
Enterobacter
spp., leading to vital insights into the adaptation of carbapenem-resistant
E. hormaechei
to the gut environment during the early stages of intestinal colonization. We observed successful colonization and proliferation of
E. hormaechei
in the 5-day-old infant mouse gut, with primary localization to the colon following oral inoculation. We also uncovered evidence that
E. hormaechei
uses mucus as a carbon source during colonization of the colon. Our findings underscore the importance of oxygen-dependent metabolic pathways, including the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and
N-
acetyl-D-glucosamine metabolism, in gut colonization and proliferation, which aligns with previous human studies. These insights are essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies that can serve as decolonization therapies in at-risk populations.

IMPORTANCE

Bloodstream infections caused by
Enterobacter
spp. pose a significant clinical threat. The intestine acts as the primary site for colonization and serves as a reservoir for infection. To combat this pathogen, it is crucial to understand how carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacter
spp. colonize the gut, as such knowledge can pave the way for alternative therapeutic targets. In this study, we developed a novel neonatal mouse model for gastrointestinal colonization by
Enterobacter
spp. and discovered that mucus plays a key role as a carbon source during colonization. Additionally, we identified two mucus catabolism pathways that contribute to intestinal colonization by carbapenem-resistant
E. hormaechei
. This new mouse model offers valuable insights into host-pathogen interactions and helps identify critical gastrointestinal fitness factors of
Enterobacter
, potentially guiding the development of vaccines and alternative therapeutic strategies to minimize intestinal carriage in patient populations at risk of infection with
Enterobacter
spp.