bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duckweed (Lemna minor) biomass aqueous extract-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles as a novel formulation era for long-term efficacy against Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae adults on wheat seeds
Authors: Abdel-Megeed Ahmed , Abdel-Rheim Khaled H. M. , Kordy Ahmed M. A. , El-Ghannam Samaa A. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Adel Manal Mohamed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plant-based biological nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis is a new technique where biological molecules and their combinations in plant aqueous extract decrease metal salts, which have a dual role in the fabrication and stabilization of metallic NPs. Here, we used aqueous extract from the duckweed (Lemna minor) plant to biosynthesize silver NPs (AgNPs), which were verified by a shift in color from pale brown to dark brown. AgNPs were then further characterized.By High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the most abundant compound in the aqueous extract were vanillic acid, benzoic acid, quercetin, resveratrol, ferulic acid, rutin, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, rosmarinic acid, ellagic acid, and o-coumaric acid. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), micrograph revealed spherical-shaped synthesized AgNPs with an average size of 40.56 nm. Capping and stabilizing agents, present in the form of various biomolecules, were responsible for the prolonged stability of the produced AgNPs, as proven by FTIR analysis. The Zeta potential of the surface electric charges of AgNPs was determined to be − 27 mV. The UV–Vis spectrum indicates a broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak at 450 nm. The EDAX test confirmed the presence of silver in the suspension. Green-produced AgNPs had the highest insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae, with LC50 values of 6.08 µg/mL compared to adults of Tribolium castaneum, which were 7.03 µg/mL. All the assays clearly showed that formulated AgNPs 1% DP showed that increasing exposure intervals and concentrations resulted in a gradual increase in the mortality of adult T. castaneum and S. oryzae exposed to treated wheat seeds. The effect of post-toxic levels of AgNPs on the progeny counts of adults of T. castaneum and S. oryzae showed that increasing exposure intervals and concentrations resulted in a gradual increase in the mortality of adult T. castaneum and S. oryzae exposed to treated wheat grains. The effect of post-toxic levels of AgNPs on the progeny counts of adults of T. castaneum and S. oryzae and resulted that concentration of 0.2 g/100 g seed being the most effective one, with higher reductions in F1-progenythan than other concentrations and malathion (1% DP) during storage for 1 year, as well as a significant positive effect on seed germination during storage. The present work suggests that eco-friendly biosynthesized and formulated AgNPs are promising green insecticides that can be used as an alternative method to control and protect seeds against adults of T. castaneum and S. oryzae to overcome the synthetic insecticide problems.
Pride and mistrust? The association between maritime bridge crew officers’ professional commitment and trust in autonomy
Authors: Aalberg Asbjørn Lein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIncreased automation and autonomy are anticipated in the maritime industry, and safe operation is contingent on operators’ appropriate trust in the technology. Seafarers have a strong professional commitment, valuing practical experience and professional independence, which might be challenged by autonomous vessels. It was hypothesized that professional commitment would be negatively related to trust in autonomy and interaction with age of the officer. Using a questionnaire on bridge officers in Norwegian vessels (N = 2016), we performed a multiple linear regression to test the hypotheses. Professional commitment was significantly related to lower trust in autonomy, thus supporting this hypothesis. We found partial support for an interaction effect with age, as the effect of professional commitment was strongest among those with lower age. The model did not account for much variation in trust in autonomy and, therefore, seems to be largely related to aspects other than those considered in this study. Implications for future research are presented.
Diabetes quality of life, Chemical Intolerance, and generational status in a Latino sample: an RRNeT study
Authors: Johnson-Esparza Yajaira , Wood Robert , Cruz Inez , Palmer Raymond 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The impact of diabetes on quality of life (QoL) includes deficits in physical functioning and emotional and mental health. Individuals with diabetes can experience significant distress related to diabetes management and burden. Comorbid conditions can contribute to QoL among individuals with diabetes. Chemical Intolerance (CI) has received minimal attention in the context of diabetes. CI is characterized by multi-systemic symptoms initiated by a one-time high dose or persistent low-dose exposure to environmental toxins. Latinos experience diabetes distress and are exposed to environmental factors at disproportionate rates. This study sought to investigate generational differences in diabetes QoL and CI in a Latino sample across generational status.

Methods
To assess the modifying effect of CI between QoL and generations, the analysis was stratified by those with and without CI.

Results
Compared to 2nd generation Latinos, Latino immigrants were more likely to indicate that without diabetes, their life would be better across several QoL domains. Latino immigrants had a lower A1C and BMI than2nd generation Latinos. Additionally, they were less likely to have scores indicative of CI than U.S.-born Latinos. QoL varied by generational status and suggested a greater emphasis on family and social relationships among immigrants than U.S.-born Latinos. There were no differences in health services measures across generations.

Conclusions
This study highlights generational differences in the impact of diabetes on QoL. It is one of the few studies to seek to understand the impact of CI on QoL in the context of a chronic condition such as type 2 diabetes.
Key Insights into Developing Qualitative Concept Elicitation Work for Outcome Measures with Children and Young People
Authors: Husbands Samantha , Mitchell Paul Mark , Coast Joanna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQualitative concept elicitation can develop meaningful patient-reported outcome measures for children and young people; however, the methods used for concept elicitation are often underreported for this population. This paper provides in-depth insight into the methods used for concept elicitation with children and young people, with a focus on key stages of concept elicitation that are challenging or unique to doing this research with children. Drawing on our experiences of developing wellbeing measures for children and young people aged 6–15 years, we detail the processes followed in our qualitative concept elicitation work, covering issues related to sampling and recruitment, encouraging informed assent and freedom over children and young people’s involvement in concept elicitation, and the use of creative and participatory methods to develop measure items. We provide reflections on the approaches taken to navigate challenging aspects of concept elicitation with children and young people. Our reflections suggest that using existing links and online recruitment methods can help to navigate organisational gatekeepers, and using appropriate processes to develop study information and obtain informed assent can ensure that research is inclusive and that children have the freedom to decide whether to be involved. Our adaptation of a creative and participatory activity to generate concepts for measure items suggests that such approaches can be engaging and may help to give children greater control over their participation. In detailing our methods, we hope to have developed a useful resource for other researchers, while highlighting the value of transparent reporting in this area.
Delirium is associated with low levels of upright activity in geriatric inpatients—results from a prospective observational study
Authors: Evensen Sigurd , Taraldsen Kristin , Aam Stina , Morandi Alessandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Delirium is common in geriatric inpatients and associated with poor outcomes. Hospitalization is associated with low levels of physical activity. Motor symptoms are common in delirium, but how delirium affects physical activity remains unknown.

Aims
To investigate differences in physical activity between geriatric inpatients with and without delirium.

Methods
We included acutely admitted patients ≥ 75 years in a prospective observational study at a medical geriatric ward at a Norwegian University Hospital. Delirium was diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria. Physical activity was measured by an accelerometer-based device worn on the right thigh. The main outcome was time in upright position (upright time) per 24 h (00.00 to 23.59) on the first day of hospitalization with verified delirium status. Group differences were analysed using t test.

Results
We included 237 patients, mean age 86.1 years (Standard Deviation (SD) 5.1), and 73 patients (30.8%) had delirium. Mean upright time day 1 for the entire group was 92.2 min (SD 84.3), with 50.9 min (SD 50.7) in the delirium group and 110.6 min (SD 89.7) in the no-delirium group, mean difference 59.7 minutes, 95% Confidence Interval 41.6 to 77.8, p value < 0.001.

Discussion
Low levels of physical activity in patients with delirium raise the question if immobilization may contribute to poor outcomes in delirium. Future studies should investigate if mobilization interventions could improve outcomes of delirium.

Conclusions
In this sample of geriatric inpatients, the group with delirium had lower levels of physical activity than the group without delirium.
Assessing the Risk of Bitcoin Futures Market: New Evidence
Authors: Dutta Anupam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to forecast the realized volatility (RV) of Bitcoin futures (BTCF) market. To serve our purpose, we propose an augmented heterogenous autoregressive (HAR) model to consider the information on time-varying jumps observed in BTCF returns. Specifically, we estimate the jump-induced volatility using the GARCH-jump process and then consider this information in the HAR model. Both the in-sample and out-of-sample analyses show that jumps offer added information which is not provided by the existing HAR models. In addition, a novel finding is that the jump-induced volatility offers incremental information relative to the Bitcoin implied volatility index. In sum, our results indicate that the HAR-RV process comprising the leverage effects and jump volatility would predict the RV more precisely compared to the standard HAR-type models. These findings have important implications to cryptocurrency investors.
The Unprecedented Ramsar Resolution: Ukrainian Wetlands Protection in Armed Conflict
Authors: Wang Meng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArmed conflict has devastating environmental consequences, adversely impacting critical ecosystems and natural resources. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which has been ongoing since February 2022, has significantly affected Ukrainian wetlands, jeopardising their vital ecosystem services. The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (‘Ramsar Convention’), which focuses on conserving and sustainably using wetlands, thus stands as a valuable tool for addressing environmental emergencies during armed conflict. With both Russia and Ukraine as Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention and their armed conflict causing a negative environmental impact, the effectiveness of the Ramsar Convention during such a conflict is being tested. The centrepiece of this article is a Resolution entitled ‘Environmental emergency in Ukraine relating to the damage of its wetlands of international importance (Ramsar Sites) stemming from the Russian Federation’s aggression’ recently adopted by the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention. This article assesses the effectiveness of the mechanisms within the Ramsar Convention and this Resolution in addressing the environmental challenges faced by Ukrainian Ramsar Sites during armed conflict. This case study provides broad insights into the overall challenges to implementing international environmental law treaties in times of armed conflict. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of leveraging the Ramsar Convention and similar environmental agreements to effectively safeguard the natural environment and ecosystems in times of armed conflict.
Sequence-Aware Graph Neural Network Incorporating Neighborhood Information for Session-Based Recommendation
Authors: Huang Liya , Li Ran , Lei Jingsheng , Ji Yuan , Feng Guanglu , Shi Wenbing , Yang Shengying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSession-based recommendation is an important part of many e-commerce websites. Its purpose is to make recommendations based on the interaction behavior of anonymous users in a short period of time. Graph neural network can capture complex interactions in sessions, and they are a class of methods with better performance among existing session-based recommendation models. However, most existing models only learn item features for a single session. At the same time, GNNs are not good at capturing long-distance dependencies in a session, which leads to limited performance improvements for them. To address this deficiency, we propose sequence-aware graph neural network incorporating neighborhood information, named SAN-GNN. We construct a session graph and a neighborhood graph to learn item representations. For neighborhood graph, we propose a neighborhood Information extractor for the neighborhood graph to learn the neighbor information of nodes on the neighborhood graph. For the graph model of the session layer, we propose a session graph attention(SGA) module to learn the item representation of the target session. SGA uses Ta-LSTM to learn sequential dependencies in the target session and uses GCN with an integrated attention mechanism to learn node feature relevant to the target item. Exhaustive experiments on three public real-world datasets show that SAN-GNN outperforms the most advanced existing session-based method.
Deep Learning-Based Integrated Circuit Surface Defect Detection: Addressing Information Density Imbalance for Industrial Application
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Gao Shuang , Guo Jianlan , Wang Chu , Xiong Liping , Zou Yuntao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to address the primary challenges encountered in industrial integrated circuit (IC) surface defect detection, particularly focusing on the imbalance in information density arising from difficulties in data sample collection. To this end, we have developed a new hybrid architecture model for IC surface defect detection (SDDM), based on ResNet and Vision Transformer (ViT). The core innovation of SDDM lies in the integration of the concepts of image information density and dataset information density, effectively identifying and processing areas of high information density through multi-channel image segmentation techniques. The convolution operations performed within each patch of the model help to precisely capture positional information, thereby meticulously differentiating the complex details on the surface defect detection of ICs. We optimized the model to make it more suitable for industrial applications, significantly reducing computational and operational costs. The experimental results confirmed that the improved SDDM model achieved an accuracy rate of 98.6% on datasets with uneven information density, effectively enhancing the productivity of IC packaging and testing companies, particularly in handling datasets with imbalanced information density.
Population-Based Prognostic Models for Head and Neck Cancers Using National Cancer Registry Data from Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yu-Lun , Kang Yi-Ting , Chan Han-Ching , Chattopadhyay Amrita , Chiang Chun-Ju , Lee Wen-Chung , Cheng Skye Hung-Chun , Lu Tzu-Pin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to raise awareness of the disparities in survival predictions among races in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients by developing and validating population-based prognostic models specifically tailored for Taiwanese and Asian populations.

Methods
A total of 49,137 patients diagnosed with HNCs were included from the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR). Six prognostic models, divided into three categories based on surgical status, were developed to predict both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival using the registered demographic and clinicopathological characteristics in the Cox proportional hazards model. The prognostic models underwent internal evaluation through a tenfold cross-validation among the TCR Taiwanese datasets and external validation across three primary racial populations using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Predictive performance was assessed using discrimination analysis employing Harrell’s c-index and calibration analysis with proportion tests.

Results
The TCR training and testing datasets demonstrated stable and favorable predictive performance, with all Harrell’s c-index values ≥ 0.7 and almost all differences in proportion between the predicted and observed mortality being < 5%. In external validation, Asians exhibited the best performance compared with white and black populations, particularly in predicting OS, with all Harrell’s c-index values > 0.7.

Conclusions
Survival predictive disparities exist among different racial groups in HNCs. We have developed population-based prognostic models for Asians that can enhance clinical practice and treatment plans.
Production et circulation des savoirs locaux dans les documents géographiques de Dunhuang à l’époque médiévale
Authors: Lycas Alexis 
Published: February 2024

RésuméComment travaillent les fonctionnaires et aux confins du monde impérial chinois ? Comme ailleurs, ils produisent des écritures grises afin d’informer le pouvoir central et leurs successeurs de leur gestion administrative et de la situation sociale de la zone dont ils ont la charge. Cette paperasse n’était logiquement pas destinée à être conservée. Cependant, la découverte fortuite de milliers de manuscrits emmurés à Dunhuang présente à l’historien et à l’historienne une dizaine d’écrits géographiques locaux susceptibles de combler les blancs d’une production scripturaire importante mais méconnue. L’analyse proposée dans cet article suit une trajectoire double. Elle s’attelle d’une part à montrer la codification de genres géographiques comme les guides et les traités illustrés, dont peu d’éléments matériels sont connus. D’autre part, elle dévoile les indices qui attestent une richesse typologique indéniable, à travers la présence de topographies et de récits narratifs. L’étude de ces manuscrits souligne combien la circulation du savoir géographique était tant verticale qu’horizontale, et bien plus complexe que l’image héritée de l’historiographie impériale. Ce travail permet de réévaluer les débuts du tournant local dans la production des savoirs bureaucratiques, de caractériser l’affirmation du rôle des acteurs locaux en dépit d’un anonymat de façade et de mettre en évidence la manière dont se construit une localité dans la Chine médiévale.
The Countermeasures of Others: When Can States Collaborate in the Taking of Countermeasures?
Authors: Jackson Miles , Paddeu Federica I. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the last few years, states have advanced various proposals for cooperation in the use of countermeasures. In this Article, we ask whether, and if so under what conditions, states may lawfully collaborate in the taking of countermeasures against other states. We distinguish five different types of collaboration: (1) independent but coordinated action; (2) secondment; (3) joint action; (4) aid and assistance; and (5) what we term “proxy countermeasures”—the idea of taking a measure at the request and on behalf of another state. We consider the permissibility of each, both where the acting state is itself entitled to resort to countermeasures and where it is not. We also draw attention to certain legal and policy considerations relating to, and to plausible avenues for, the development of international law.
Stable laws for random dynamical systems
Authors: AIMINO ROMAIN , NICOL MATTHEW , TÖRÖK ANDREW 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider random dynamical systems formed by concatenating maps acting on the unit interval
$[0,1]$
in an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) fashion. Considered as a stationary Markov process, the random dynamical system possesses a unique stationary measure
$\nu $
. We consider a class of non-square-integrable observables
$\phi $
, mostly of form
$\phi (x)=d(x,x_0)^{-{1}/{\alpha }}$
, where
$x_0$
is a non-recurrent point (in particular a non-periodic point) satisfying some other genericity conditions and, more generally, regularly varying observables with index
$\alpha \in (0,2)$
. The two types of maps we concatenate are a class of piecewise
$C^2$
expanding maps and a class of intermittent maps possessing an indifferent fixed point at the origin. Under conditions on the dynamics and
$\alpha $
, we establish Poisson limit laws, convergence of scaled Birkhoff sums to a stable limit law, and functional stable limit laws in both the annealed and quenched case. The scaling constants for the limit laws for almost every quenched realization are the same as those of the annealed case and determined by
$\nu $
. This is in contrast to the scalings in quenched central limit theorems where the centering constants depend in a critical way upon the realization and are not the same for almost every realization.
Infectious disease as a driver of declines and extinctions
Authors: McCallum Hamish , Foufopoulos Johannes , Grogan Laura F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Infectious disease is an important driver of extinctions and population declines. With a few exceptions, such as the fungal disease chytridiomycosis in frogs, disease is probably underestimated as a cause of both local and global extinction because it often co-occurs with other more overt drivers of extinction, and its signs can be easily overlooked. Here, we discuss issues around attributing extinction to infectious disease and overview key underlying factors. We then examine the extent to which anthropogenic influences, such as climate change, habitat destruction and exotic species introductions, are likely to lead to increased extinction risk in association with infectious disease. Finally, we discuss strategies to mitigate the threat of extinction due to infectious disease.