bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective and Objective Evaluation of Driving Behaviour in Depression
Authors: Tsoutsi V , Papadakaki M , Yannis G , Pavlou D , Basta M , Chliaoutakis J , Dikeos D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Road traffic collisions and related casualties are a major issue for public health and society. Depression is characterized by mental, emotional and executive dysfunction, which may have an impact on driving behaviour. Among its symptoms sleep disturbance is very common.

Objectives
The current study examined behaviour and attitude towards driving in a group of patients with depression and a group of controls, considering sleep disturbances.

Methods
Participants (patients N = 39 and controls N = 30) were asked to complete the Driver Stress Inventory (DSI) and Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Afterwards, they were asked to drive on a driving simulator in a motorway scenario, and in urban and rural scenarios under low and high traffic load, all in good weather conditions. Driving simulator data included speed, lateral position (LP) and safety distance from the preceding vehicle.

Results
Gender, age and, to a lesser extent, body mass index influenced almost all variables. Patients with depression did not differ from the controls regarding driving behaviour as assessed through the DSI and DBQ questionnaires. Subjective fatigue was found to be positively correlated with aggression (β = 0.027, p = 0.005), dislike of driving (β = 0.036, p = 0.006), hazard monitoring (β = 0.046, p = 0.001) and traffic violations (β = 0.010, p = 0.020). On the driving simulator, patients maintained a longer distance from the preceding vehicle. Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Athens Insomnia Scale scores were positively associated with safety distance and with the Standard Deviation of LP, denoting lower ability to keep a stable vehicle track (β = 2.108, p = 0.003 and β = 0.047, p = 0.004 respectively).

Conclusions
It seems that although certain symptoms of depression (insomnia, fatigue and somnolence) may affect driving performance, this effect is lessened by patients driving more carefully. There are parameters (age and sex) which influence driving behaviour and attitude similarly for both groups.

Key messages
• Patients with depression did not differ from controls regarding driving behaviour and attitude.
• Patients seem to realize the effects of symptoms of depression on their driving ability and, consequently, drive more carefully.
Parents’ knowledge towards prevention of unintentional injuries in children aged up to 14 years
Authors: Alves T , Papadakaki M , Silva S , Braz P , Aniceto C , Mexia R , Vagionaki K , Chliaoutakis J , Matias-Dias C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The CHILD Vigilance project is a European study supported by the Injury Prevention & Safety Promotion Section of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA INJ) and aims at assessing parenting knowledge and attitudes that are relevant to supervision and risk taking in children. The study aims contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of injuries and accidents in Greece and Portugal, through the study of the knowledge of the perceptions of parents and caregivers of children and adolescents between 0 and 14 years old. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was developed in these countries during the period from february till april 2023, under the CHILD Vigilance project. In this study was obtained a total of 577 valid responses, involving 890 children (53,1% male; 46,8% female), with an average age of 8,9 years old. In both countries the mother was the main child carer (60,3% in Greece vs 60,1% in Portugal). In majority of the cases parents had two children (30,1% in Greece vs 44,9% in Portugal). The results revealed that almost all the parents knew about unintentional injuries (82,4 % in Greece vs 92,3% in Portugal), considered that have a big impact on children (89,8% in Greece vs 66,9% in Portugal) and injuries are preventable (63,2% in Greece vs 88,4% in Portugal). Considering data from both countries, the analysis of the association of parents’ knowledge with their occupation showed that civile servant were those who most considered that injuries have a big impact on children (86,5% - mother; 83,2% - father) and that injuries can be preventable (87,9% - mother; 84,9% - father), these differences were statistically significant (p &lt; 0,01). The results may inform the design, implementation and evaluation of interventions to promote safety and prevent accidents in these both countries.

Key messages
• The lack of data regarding to parents’ knowledge on injury prevention involving children highlight the need to conduct this type of studies.
• Education injuries prevention programs addressed to parents should be design considering demographic variables.
Evolution of infant mortality in the Paris region over the past two decades
Authors: Matulonga Diakiese B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Infant mortality is one of the major health indicators to appreciate the population health and the organization of the health system. Since the 1990s, the infant mortality rate (IMR) declines less rapidly in France as compared to other Western countries, taking the country from 7th to 27th place in 2017. As the Paris region recorded a quarter of the under one French mortality, we aimed to analyze the evolution of the regional IMR over the last two decades.

Methods
Using 2000 to 2019 data from the National Institute of Statistic and Economic Study on births and deaths, we ran joinpoint regressions model to analyze the evolution of mortality of infant under one. We also examined IMR by age at death subgroups (early neonatal [Day 0-D6], late neonatal [D7-27], and post-neonatal[D28-364]). We also analyzed territorial disparities.

Results
Over 20 years, 13,401 deaths and 3,389,048 live births were recorded among children under one in the Paris region, IMR: 3.,93 deaths per 1000 live births, an average of 18% higher than the national IMR. Data from evolution shows that Paris region’ IMR was 4.51‰ in 2001 and reached its lowest level in 2013 with 3.65‰ before rising to 3.99‰ in 2019. The joinpoint regression model shows a decline in the IMR between 2000 and 2003 (-3.78% annually), followed by a slow and steady decline between 2003 and 2011 (-1.57%). However, from 2011 to 2019 a significant increase was observed in IMR (+1.48% annually). The analysis of deaths by age-group shows that the IMR increase was mainly driven by the increase in early neonatal mortality and a little less by late neonatal deaths while the post-neonatal mortality continued to decrease. Additional analyses showed territorial disparities in global and subgroups IMR with higher IMR in poorer areas.

Conclusions
These results are of a higher importance and should alert French authorities. Further studies, considering risk factors of infant mortality are needed to understand the reason of such increase.

Key messages
• We showed anhistoric and worrying increase in infant mortality in the Paris region.
• We showed territorial disparities in global and subgroups IMR with higher IMR in poorer of the Paris region areas.
Maternal healthy lifestyle score and offspring birth outcomes: secondary analyses of the PEARS RCT
Authors: Philippe K , McAuliffe F M , Phillips C M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The influence of maternal lifestyle behaviours during pregnancy on offspring outcomes has been investigated individually. A composite Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) comprising low-risk protective lifestyle behaviours can be useful for studying links between overall lifestyle and health outcomes. We aimed to study links between HLS and its components in early and late pregnancy with birth outcomes among women with overweight and obesity (OWOB), as their offspring may be at increased risk for adverse birth outcomes.

Methods
Secondary analyses were conducted with data from the PEARS (Pregnancy Exercise And nutrition Research Study) trial, a RCT of a diet and exercise lifestyle intervention to prevent gestational diabetes. HLSs (scored 0-5) based on information about maternal diet (AHEI-P), exercise (MET-minutes), alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep habits were created for 334 and 289 mothers in early (14-16 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (28 weeks gestation), respectively. Higher HLSs indicate a healthier overall lifestyle. Regression analyses examined associations of HLSs and individual lifestyle factors with adverse birth outcomes; low birthweight (BW), macrosomia and being born small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA).

Results
Mean HLS was 3.38 in early, and 3.19 in late pregnancy. Only 12% and 10% of mothers had the maximum HLS in early and late pregnancy. Preliminary results indicated no strong links between composite HLSs and birth outcomes. Examination of the individual factors revealed that not smoking in early and late pregnancy was linked to a decreased risk for SGA (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07-0.74, p &lt; 0.01; OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04-0.35, p &lt; 0.01) and low BW (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.62, p = 0.01; OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02-0.57, p = 0.01) (unadjusted results).

Conclusions
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle among pregnant women with OWOB can be improved. Our results highlight the importance of smoking cessation in pregnancy to avoid adverse birth outcomes.

Key messages
• Many pregnant women with OWOB do not adhere to a healthy lifestyle.
• Smoking cessation in pregnancy is important to reduce the risk of adverse birth outcomes.
Prevalence and Manifestations of Doctor-Diagnosed Allergies in Bulgarian Families with Atopy
Authors: Pancheva R , Chamova R , Toneva A , Marinova M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Food allergy and atopic dermatitis are significant pediatric health problems in many developed countries. The prevalence of these conditions has been increasing over the past two decades in Western societies. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data for Bulgaria.

Purpose
To study the frequency of different manifestations of doctor-diagnosed allergies among families with atopy in Bulgaria.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,408 families with mothers of childbearing age hospitalized between 2017 and 2019 in the Maternity Ward of St. Anna hospital - Varna, Bulgaria. A direct individual questionnaire was applied to obtain information on social-demographic characteristics and manifestations of various forms of allergies. Data was analyzed with SPSS v. 21.0.

Results
The relative proportion of families with evidence of allergy on the side of the mother, father, or child was 11.63% (n = 280). The incidence of allergic diseases among mothers was 60.5% (n = 127), among fathers 38.6% (n = 8), and among children 57.8% (n = 63). Rhinconjunctivitis was the leading allergic manifestation in mothers (29.5%; n = 62) and fathers (24.8%; n = 52), and atopic dermatitis was the most common manifestation of allergy in their child (30.3%; n = 33). A significant relationship was established between atopic dermatitis in the family and the overall incidence of allergies in the child.

Conclusions
The data resulting from our study may serve as a basis for further research so the mechanisms of atopy to be investigated better. Prevention strategies need to be developed to address the march of allergy, characterized by the initial manifestation of allergy in childhood with atopic dermatitis and moving to food and respiratory manifestations.

Key messages
• The incidence of allergies has been increasing in recent years both in the world and in Bulgaria.
• Тhe development of preventive measures to reduce the risk of allergic diseases could be of great importance for public health.
3.D. Round table: Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention: which opportunities from the EU Cancer Mission?
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-EPI, EUPHA-ECO, EUPHA-CHR, EUPHA-HSR, EUPHA-PHG,   Chair persons: Stefania Boccia (EUPHA-EPI), Julian Mamo (EUPHA-CHR)
Published: October 2023

Abstract

While Europe accounts for a tenth of the world's population, it holds a quarter of the world's cancer cases. In the current scenario that see an increase in the proportion of elderly population in the EU, lives lost to cancer in the EU are set to increase by more than 24% by 2035, making it the leading cause of death in the EU. The overall economic impact of cancer in Europe is estimated to exceed €100 billion annually. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted cancer care, disrupting prevention and treatment, delaying diagnosis and vaccination, and affecting access to medicines. Since the pandemic began, the number of cancer diagnoses has decreased, foreshadowing a future increase in cases. In response to such challenges, the Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBPC) published in 2021 reflects a political commitment to leave no stone unturned to take action against cancer. In the EBPC, there is a renewed commitment to invest in cancer prevention, treatment and care that recognises the growing challenges, and opportunities to overcome them, including the developments in cancer care. In order to implement the EBPC the European Commission will use all the related funding instruments of the Horizon Europe Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2021-2027) and it will be constantly guided from the experts of the Mission Board of Cancer. By establishing specific goals together with funding, the EU ensures the involvement of the Member States in tackling risk factors that are common to most non-communicable diseases. Simultaneously, there is a clear step towards health equity by collecting data stratified by equity-relevant attributes such as education or income. On another level, the focus on cancer might trigger new effective outcome-based payment models for personalised medicine, as well as better collection of data needed for a value-based approach on the effectiveness of health care. In the round table the panellists will discuss the opportunities and challenges of the EBCP implementation with the President of the Cancer Mission Board Walter Ricciardi, by addressing the epidemiological scenario of cancer disease in Europe and the related economic burden (Joao Vasco Santos), the role of the Comprehensive Cancer Control Networks and related Joint Action (Tit Albreht), and the readiness of the health services (Johan Hansen).

Key messages
• The implementation of the Europe's Beating Cancer Plan requires coordinated efforts among stakeholders with a clear leadership from Public Health Professionals.
• Many externalities can be achieved through the EBCP as cancer has same determinants of most of the non-communicable diseases.

Speakers/Panelists
Walter Ricciardi
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome, Rome, Italy
Tit Albreht
National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
João Vasco Santos
EUPHA-ECO
Johan Hansen
EUPHA-HSR
Mental health support program (MHS) – Case report from Slovenia
Authors: Roškar S , Tančič Grum A , Kralj D , Cutura Sluga D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
MHS is a program adapted for general public. It aims to increase knowledge and awareness about mental disorders and equip individuals with skills to recognize and respond to people in mental distress. The program increases the potential for a timely intervention and reduces stigma and as such adds to combating public mental health problems. The aim of this presentation is to present the development and implementation of the MHS program in Slovenia.

Objectives
We developed and adapted MHS guidelines for depression and suicidality, launched a social media campaign and prepared a short awareness-raising film on MHS. Central to the intervention is a 5-hour educational program, covering a theoretical and a practical part on how to recognize, approach and help an individual. We were interested if (i) the program increases the knowledge of participants in regards to related topics and (ii) it affects their self-perceived competencies to approach and help an individual.

Results
The program was free of charge, open to the public and delivered to groups of maximum 25 participants (so far five groups). The evaluation showed that the program was well received, especially the practical parts (role-play). The participants reported of having acquired new knowledge, felt more confident in recognizing and responding to mental health problems and exhibited a higher level of self-perceived competencies to approach and help someone in distress. The results are of preliminary nature, but the first insights are promising.

Conclusions
Lack of knowledge can directly hinder offering help to someone who is in mental distress. Support, even when offered by an informal source, can positively affect help seeking behavior of those in need and potentially be lifesaving.

Key messages
• MHS can influence the timely recognition and referral to formal sources of help.
• The program can contribute to narrowing the help seeking gap and influence mental health outcomes in the community.
The impact of social media interventions on mental well-being: a systematic review
Authors: Plackett R , Blyth A , Schartau P 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
There is some evidence that problematic social media use is related to poorer mental well-being. To improve users’ mental well-being, social media interventions, e.g., abstinence from social media, have been recommended. However, there is limited understanding of their effectiveness. This systematic review aimed to synthesise literature on the effectiveness of social media interventions for improving mental well-being.

Methods
Three databases were searched (2004-June 2022). Experimental studies evaluating the impact of social media interventions on mental well-being in adults were included. Outcomes such as depression, and loneliness, were included. A narrative synthesis was completed to summarise effectiveness by outcomes and intervention type. The Quality Assessment Tool was used to measure quality.

Results
Of 2,785 results, 23 studies were included for analysis. Many studies (9/23, 39%) found improvements in mental well-being, seven (7/23, 30%) found mixed effects and seven found no effect on mental well-being. Therapy-based interventions, that used techniques from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, were more effective (83%, 5/6 of studies showing benefit) than limiting use (20%, 1/5) or full abstinence from social media (25%, 3/12). Depression was the most improved outcome with 70% (7/10) of studies showing a significant improvement after the intervention. Quality was poor, 96% (22/23) of studies received a weak score, mostly due to selection bias, as most used convenience sampling of university students (16/23, 70%).

Conclusions
This review provides some evidence that social media interventions are effective in improving mental well-being, especially for depression and when using therapy-based techniques. Further research with representative samples is needed to understand who may benefit most from social media interventions. This will help to develop guidance for policymakers and clinicians on how to manage problematic social media use.

Key messages
• The relationship between social media and mental well-being is complex and experimental evidence overall does not show conclusively that less time spent on social media improves mental well-being.
• Reflecting on why/when social can become problematic for our mental health can improve mental well-being, so policies/public health interventions should focus on how we use social media.
Loneliness trajectories, risk factors, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Authors: Gabarrell-Pascuet A , Domènech-Abella J , Mortier P , Felez-Nobrega M , Cristóbal-Narváez P , Vilagut G , Olaya B , Alonso J , Haro J M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The present study investigates the courses of loneliness following the national state of emergency in Spain due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Methods
Data of 2,000 adults in Spain which were interviewed by telephone at the first follow-up of the MINDCOVID project (February-March 2021) and of whom 953 were interviewed nine months later (November-December 2021) were analyzed. Group-based trajectories and mixed models were constructed.

Results
Three courses of loneliness were detected: (1) invariant low loneliness (42.6%), (2) decreasing medium loneliness (51.5%), and (3) fairly invariant high loneliness (5.9%). Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals. Other risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders.

Conclusions
Future studies should validate whether the newly observed loneliness patterns across age groups persist and assess the evolution of loneliness courses and their impact on mental health, with particular attention given to young adults and individuals with pre-existing mental disorders.

Key messages
• In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals.
• Risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders.
Disparities in cardiovascular mortality after diagnosed depression among people with disability
Authors: Yeob K E , Kim S Y , Park J H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Persons with depression are more likely to eventually develop CVD or CVD related deaths. Depression history could be said a predictor or marker of cardiometabolic risk. However, potential disparities in cardiovascular mortality after diagnosis depression among people with and without disability rarely haven't been investigated.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a data set linking the National Disability Database, the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database, and Cause of Death Database. To identify cases of depression and cardiovascular mortality, we used the ICD-10 code.

Results
Even after excluding people with brain injury and heart problems, people with disabilities had a 2.82 times higher cardiovascular specific mortality than the non-disabled (6.5 vs 2.3 people per 1000), especially in those with severe disabilities (7.5 vs 2.3 people per 1000). In survival analysis, the median survival time was 78.6 months and 71.6 months in the non-disabled and those with severe disability, respectively (Log-rank, p&lt;.0001). This higher likelihood was more evident for people with severe disability(aHR=2.02, p&lt;.0001), disability due to renal failure (aHR=3.43, p&lt;.0001), speech and language disabilities (aHR=2.67, p&lt;.0001), and hearing disabilities (aHR=2.29, p&lt;.0001).

Conclusions
Although people with disabilities were known to be in poor health, disparities were found in cardiovascular mortality after depression history, especially in severe disabilities, renal failure, speech and language, and/or hearing disabilities. This emphasizes the importance of regular screening for cardiovascular risk factors in the disabled with depression, and we should do more efforts to develop policies supporting mental and cardiovascular health.

Key messages
• Patients with disabilities had a higher cardiovascular diseases specific mortality, and had a shorter survival time than the non-disabled.
• Patients with severe disabilities, renal failure, speech and language, and/or hearing disabilities had a higher cardiovascular diseases specific mortality.