bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Prophylactic Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss After Vaginal Delivery: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Shrestha Sajana , Uprety Shelisha , Shah Ravi , Kharel Brinda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimTo determine the effect of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss after vaginal delivery in women at low risk of postpartum hemorrhage.MethodsProspective randomized controlled study (RCT registration: researchregistry10144). Over the study duration of 12 months, a total of 226 parous women with singleton vaginal delivery at term pregnancy with cephalic presentation participated in the study. Participants with pre‐existing medical complications and obstetric complications were excluded from the study. Additionally, patients with a previous history of thromboembolism and allergy to tranexamic acid were also excluded from the study. The study participants were divided into two groups based on the intervention considered. This was done with a computer‐based random table generator. Group A received an intervention of 10 mL (1 g) of intravenous tranexamic acid while the other group received 10 mL of normal saline as a placebo immediately after delivery of the fetus. Blood loss was calculated by measuring the weights of blood‐soaked gauze, gowns, sheets, and tampons before and after delivery. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were done before and 12 h after delivery.ResultsTotal number of participants were 226. The mean calculated blood loss and the mean measured blood loss was significantly less in Group A in comparison to Group B (379.17 ± 46.89 mL in Group A and 426.66 ± 58.45 mL in Group B, p < 0.001), (247.88 ± 67.03 mL in Group A and 368.95 ± 58.54 mL in group B, p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean decrease of hemoglobin after delivery was lower for Group A (1.45 ± 0.14) than for Group B (1.74 ± 0.24).ConclusionThe use of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid is associated with reduced blood loss after vaginal delivery. Furthermore, research needs to be done.
A case of papillary renal cell carcinoma with para‐aortic lymph node metastasis that was completely resectable after treatment with combination therapy comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab and robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy
Authors: Hosoi Takayuki , Yoshioka Shunsuke , Hiraguri Akari , Kirihana Yusuke , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Tamaki Makoto , Irisawa Chiharu 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionCombination therapy comprising immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular targeted therapies can be effective for metastatic non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We describe a patient with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma that was completely pathologically resectable after combination treatment comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab and robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old man was referred to our department for examination of a renal tumor that was diagnosed as left renal cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (cT3aN1M0). Because metastasis affected the renal artery, combination therapy comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab was initiated. After 6 months of treatment, the patient underwent robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy. The pathological results indicated papillary renal cell carcinoma with no viable cells in the lymph nodes.ConclusionCombination therapy comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab for unresectable papillary renal cell carcinoma may effectively allow radical resection and deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy.
Impact of continuous glucose monitoring in underserved adults with type 2 diabetes within the United States: A scoping review
Authors: Ndungu Martha , Babalola R. Oluwafunmito , Brand Melissa , Patel Ravi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has improved diabetes management but remains underused among low‐income populations who have a higher diabetes prevalence. With the additional consideration of socioeconomic factors limiting resources to maintain health, further understanding of the effectiveness of CGM in marginalized patients is needed. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on health outcomes impacted by CGM use in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving care in low‐income settings.MethodsPRISMA‐ScR guidelines were used to identify studies through PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. A search strategy combined MeSH terms and keywords reviewing titles and abstracts. The review included English‐language studies using CGM from inception to May 2024; participants 18 years or older with T2DM, and with the majority of patients meeting the pre‐defined low‐income status or the study being conducted in a pre‐defined low‐income setting. Studies in pregnant patients, meta‐analyses, and systematic reviews were excluded. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The authors received no financial support for this research.ResultsThe review identified 1176 studies, with 198 duplicates, resulting in 978 screened titles and abstracts. Forty‐six studies underwent full text review, and 31 were excluded. Ultimately, 15 studies (5 abstracts, 9 manuscripts, and 1 case report) met the review criteria. CGM use led to reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels across settings such as Federally Qualified Health Centers, clinics serving the underinsured, county health departments, and rural clinics. Other benefits included reduced hypoglycemia, improved glucose levels, and increased time in range.DiscussionStudies described showed an improvement in diabetes‐related clinical outcomes with CGM use in low‐income patients. Limited amount of data in the studies was the main limitation of this review. Insights highlight the need for research on interventions to enhance CGM access and address barriers to promote health equity in underserved populations, especially as CGM becomes available over the counter.
CircPTK2 as a Valuable Biomarker and Treatment Target in Cancer
Authors: Yan Chengqiu , Du Yu , Cui Lihong , Bao Han , Li Hui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCircular RNA (CircRNA)s, a newly discovered type of noncoding RNAs, have been found to play a role in controlling the development and aggressiveness of tumors. Abnormal control of circRNA has been observed in various types of human cancers, including bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, and gastric cancer (GC). CircRNAs possess binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and function as miRNA sponges in posttranscriptional regulation. This mechanism has been documented to influence the course of cancer. Significantly, among these putative circRNAs, circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2) exhibited increased expression and displayed a substantial association with adverse clinical characteristics and a negative prognosis. The production of these transcripts occurs via a back‐splicing mechanism. The enclosed conformation of circRNAs shields them from destruction and enhances their potential as biomarkers. Gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes would aid in the development of treatment approaches and the discovery of new tumor markers. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the latest research on the biosynthesis and features of circRNAs. It examines the role of circPTK2 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Growth Restriction Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pierucci Ugo Maria , Tonni Gabriele , Pelizzo Gloria , Paraboschi Irene , Werner Heron , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis narrative review examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in prenatal care, particularly in managing pregnancies complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). AI provides a transformative approach to diagnosing and monitoring FGR by leveraging advanced machine‐learning algorithms and extensive data analysis. Automated fetal biometry using AI has demonstrated significant precision in identifying fetal structures, while predictive models analyzing Doppler indices and maternal characteristics improve the reliability of adverse outcome predictions. AI has enabled early detection and stratification of FGR risk, facilitating targeted monitoring strategies and individualized delivery plans, potentially improving neonatal outcomes. For instance, studies have shown enhancements in detecting placental insufficiency‐related abnormalities when AI tools are integrated with traditional ultrasound techniques. This review also explores challenges such as algorithm bias, ethical considerations, and data standardization, underscoring the importance of global accessibility and regulatory frameworks to ensure equitable implementation. The potential of AI to revolutionize prenatal care highlights the urgent need for further clinical validation and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Application Value of Myocardial Segmental Thickness Variability Measured by Echocardiography in Distinguishing Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xu Can , Wang Dongjin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of myocardial segmental thickness variability (STV) measured by echocardiography in distinguishing ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM).MethodsThis study included 120 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, divided into ICM (n = 43) and NIDCM (n = 77) groups based on coronary angiography. Traditional echocardiographic parameters, STV, and regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) were compared. The diagnostic value of STV was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in traditional echocardiographic parameters between the groups. The NIDCM group had a significantly higher mean STV compared to the ICM group. An STV threshold of 0.768 provided a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 94.8% for distinguishing ICM from NIDCM. Combining STV with RWMA improved diagnostic accuracy.ConclusionSTV measured by echocardiography is a valuable, noninvasive tool for differentiating between ICM and NIDCM, offering high sensitivity and specificity. This approach enhances diagnostic precision, supporting its use in clinical practice to guide appropriate treatment strategies.
Evidence of Involvement of the Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide in Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Mogavero Maria P. , Fowowe Mojibola , Sanni Akeem , Goli Mona , Lanza Giuseppe , L'Episcopo Francesca , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Mechref Yehia , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory‐motor disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs, often with unpleasant sensations, particularly during rest. Current treatments include iron supplementation, dopamine agonists, and opioids, but new therapeutic approaches are needed. The dysfunction of the A11 nucleus, which modulates dopaminergic transmission to the spinal cord, is thought to play a role in RLS pathophysiology. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), which is involved in pain modulation, may interact with A11 pathways, suggesting a role in RLS.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the involvement of CGRP in RLS by determining if CGRP‐related proteins are overexpressed in RLS patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 17 drug‐free RLS patients (mean age 55.8 years) and 17 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐parallel reaction monitoring‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐PRM‐MS/MS) to identify and quantify CGRP‐related proteins. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate between groups.ResultsPCA showed clear differentiation between RLS and control groups. Among 13 identified CGRP‐related proteins, 10 were dysregulated in RLS patients: 8 were upregulated, and 2 were downregulated, among them notable proteins such as S100A12, ADM, SRSF6, and ADM2.ConclusionsThis study indicates the significant involvement of CGRP and related proteins in RLS. This suggests these proteins may play roles in various aspects of the disorder. Further research is required to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications, including development of new treatment options that specifically address CGRP pathways. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Liquid Metal‐Based Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Cross Placed Fluidic Channel
Authors: Fang Xiaochuan , Qu Zhishu , Alqurashi Khaled Yahya , Kelly James. R. , Alkaraki Shaker M. M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna with the aid of liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna incorporates a 3D‐printed fluidic channel, which is placed cross to the metallized part of radiator. Compared to general meandered channels, the proposed cross placed fluidic channel ensures less liquid metal to be consumed, whilst it achieves the same capability of frequency reconfiguration as a solid patch. More importantly, it allows the proposed antenna to have a promised total efficiency thorough its switchable frequencies. The proposed antenna can switch among 2.1, 2.6, 4.4, and 11 GHz, enabling it to be adopted in various applications.
Implicit neural representation‐based method for metal‐induced beam hardening artifact reduction in X‐ray CT imaging
Authors: Park Hyoung Suk , Seo Jin Keun , Jeon Kiwan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn X‐ray computed tomography (CT), metal‐induced beam hardening artifacts arise from the complex interactions between polychromatic X‐ray beams and metallic objects, leading to degraded image quality and impeding accurate diagnosis. A previously proposed metal‐induced beam hardening correction (MBHC) method provides a theoretical framework for addressing nonlinear artifacts through mathematical analysis, with its effectiveness demonstrated by numerical simulations and phantom experiments. However, in practical applications, this method relies on precise segmentation of highly attenuating materials and parameter estimations, which limit its ability to fully correct artifacts caused by the intricate interactions between metals and other dense materials, such as bone or teeth.PurposeThis study aims to develop a parameter‐free MBHC method that eliminates the need for accurate segmentation and parameter estimations, thereby addressing the limitations of the original MBHC approach.MethodsThe proposed method employs implicit neural representations (INR) to generate two tomographic images: one representing the monochromatic attenuation distribution at a specific energy level, and another capturing the nonlinear beam hardening effects caused by the polychromatic nature of X‐ray beams. A loss function drives the generation of these images, where the predicted projection data is nonlinearly modeled by the combination of the two images. This approach eliminates the need for geometric and parameter estimation of metals, providing a more generalized solution.ResultsNumerical and phantom experiments demonstrates that the proposed method effectively reduces beam hardening artifacts caused by interactions between highly attenuating materials such as metals, bone, and teeth. Additionally, the proposed INR‐based method demonstrates potential in addressing challenges related to data insufficiencies, such as photon starvation and truncated fields of view in CT imaging.ConclusionsThe proposed generalized MBHC method provides high‐quality image reconstructions without requiring parameter estimations and segmentations, offering a robust solution for reducing metal‐induced beam hardening artifacts in CT imaging.
Rapid quantitative MRI at 46 mT: Accelerated T1 and T2 mapping with low‐rank reconstructions
Authors: Dong Yiming , Najac Chloé , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Webb Andrew , Börnert Peter , Lena Beatrice 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate accelerated T1‐ and T2‐mapping techniques for ultra–low‐field MRI using low‐rank reconstruction methods.MethodsTwo low‐rank–based algorithms, image‐based locally low‐rank (LLR) and k‐space–based structured low‐rank (SLR), were implemented to accelerate T1 and T2 mapping on a 46 mT Halbach MRI scanner. Data were acquired with 3D turbo spin‐echo sequences using variable‐density poisson‐disk random sampling patterns. For validation, phantom and in vivo experiments were performed on six healthy volunteers to compare the obtained values with literature and to study reconstruction performance at different undersampling factors and spatial resolutions. In addition, the reconstruction performance of the LLR and SLR algorithms for T1 mapping was compared using retrospective undersampling datasets. Total scan times were reduced from 45/38 min (R = 1) to 23/19 min (R = 2) and 11/9 min (R = 4) for a 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 mm3 resolution, and to 18/16 min (R = 4) for a higher in‐plane resolution 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 mm3 for T1/T2 mapping, respectively.ResultsBoth LLR and SLR algorithms successfully reconstructed T1 and T2 maps from undersampled data, significantly reducing scan times and eliminating undersampling artifacts. Phantom validation showed that consistent T1 and T2 values were obtained at different undersampling factors up to R = 4. For in vivo experiments, comparable image quality and estimated T1 and T2 values were obtained for fully sampled and undersampled (R = 4) reconstructions, both of which were in line with the literature values.ConclusionsThe use of low‐rank reconstruction allows significant acceleration of T1 and T2 mapping in low‐field MRI while maintaining image quality.
Nurse Practitioner Care Environments and Provider Shortages Among Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: McMenamin Amy , Turi Eleanor , Liu Jianfang , Martsolf Grant , Poghosyan Lusine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn health professional shortage areas (HPSAs), primary care providers face challenges due to high workloads and limited resources, impacting their ability to provide comprehensive care to patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). In addition, patients in HPSA compared to non‐HPSA settings experience poorer outcomes. Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a crucial role in meeting MCC patients' needs, but some work in unfavorable care environments (e.g., lacking teamwork, support, and autonomy) that hinder their capacity to manage complex chronic diseases. This study examines the effect of NP care environments on the relationship between HPSA status and hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits among patients with MCCs. We conducted a secondary analysis of merged Medicare claims, NP survey data, and Health Resources and Services Administration data. Our sample included 779 practices with 394,424 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ who had at least two of 15 chronic conditions. We used logistic regression to evaluate the impact of HPSA status and the NP care environment on ED visits or hospitalizations. NP care environments moderate the association between HPSA status and hospitalization (AOR 1.165, 95% CI [1.037–1.309], p = 0.010) but not ED use. Improved care environments are associated with lower odds of hospitalization in non‐HPSAs (β = −0.148, 95% CI [−0.225, −0.072], p = 0.0001), while in HPSAs, improved care environments have no effect on hospitalization odds (β = 0.0047, 95% CI [−0.086, 0.096], p = 0.920). Addressing provider shortages in HPSAs may allow an improved NP care environment to produce maximal benefits for patients.
The Effect of European Health Literacy‐Based e‐Pulse Education and e‐Pulse Instructional Materials on Health Literacy Levels in Adults Aged 45–64: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gözüm Sebahat , Asi Ercan , Şıklaroğlu Merve , Şahin Süleyman , Öncel Selma , İmamoğlu Demet , Kanlı Suzan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTe‐Pulse is an electronic personal health record system known as e‐Nabız in Turkey. This study compares the effect of European Health Literacy‐based e‐Pulse education and e‐Pulse instructional materials on the health literacy levels of adults aged 45–64 with inadequate and problematic‐limited health literacy levels. This single‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2023 to September 2023. It included 140 participants, assigned to either the intervention group (n = 70) or the active control group (n = 70). The intervention group received HLS‐EU‐based e‐Pulse education, which consisted of two 45‐min sessions over 6 weeks, along with the e‐Pulse user guide and introduction video. The active control group only received the e‐Pulse user guide and introduction video, and each participant was individually briefed on the e‐Pulse system content for 5–10 min. Results were measured using the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS‐EU‐Q47) and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) at baseline and the sixth week. Both the intervention and active control groups showed an increase in health literacy and eHealth literacy scores, but the mean change was greater in the intervention group. A statistically significant difference was found in the effects of HLS‐EU‐based e‐Pulse education and e‐Pulse instructional materials on both health literacy (F (1, 137) = 25.215; p < 0.001) and eHealth literacy (F (1, 137) = 36.134; p < 0.001). HLS‐EU‐based e‐Pulse education significantly improved health literacy (d = 0.8492; p < 0.001) and eHealth literacy (d = 1.0175; p < 0.001) compared to e‐Pulse instructional materials. The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher rates of sufficient (32.9%) and excellent (12.9%) health literacy. Notably, a medium correlation (r = 0.602; p < 0.001) was observed between health literacy and eHealth literacy.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05831254) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05831254.
In Vitro, Anti‐Colon Cancer Activity of Green Dumbbell‐Shaped Rhododendron luteum‐Based Carbon Dots
Authors: Durmaz Alper , Mizan Kahyaoğlu İbrahim , Can Aytar Erdi , Danışman Kalındemirtaş Ferdane , Sert Esra , Erol‐Bozkurt Ayşe , Karakuş Selcan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractColorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide and the third most common cancer overall. In this study, we investigate the anti‐colon cancer potential of phytochemically, and thermally synthesised novel green carbon dots based on Rhododendron luteum (RL‐CDs). A new synthesis method was used to produce carbon dots obtained from the Rhododendron luteum (RL) plant in an environmentally friendly manner. The green RL were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and artificial intelligence (AI)‐based TEM analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks corresponding to the hydroxyl (−OH) vibration of polyphenols at 3500 cm−1, the C=O vibration of cellulose derivatives at 1728 cm−1, and the C−O stretching of primary alcohol at 1041 cm−1. Two UV absorption peaks at roughly 253 nm (UV−C range), and 320 nm (UV−B range) were observed. The size of the green RL was measured to be less than 50 nm, and its morphology was characterized as dumbbell‐shaped through TEM analysis. In‐vitro studies were performed with HCT116 colon cancer, MCF‐7 breast cancer, and normal HUVEC cells. The results demonstrated that the RL‐CDs exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon cancer cells. The results show that the RL extract stimulates cancer cell death by decreasing the CD44/24 ratio, and increasing apoptotic activity. These observations suggest that green RL‐CDs could be an effective anticancer agent in colon cancer therapy, investigating their potential in this direction could be a promising way for future research.