bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
James Baldwin, 1924–1987
Authors: Kenan Randall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In death James Baldwin received something that seemed to have eluded him for several decades: recognition as one of the greatest writers America has produced.
Once upon a time, in the early 1960s, he was hailed as the voice of the civil rights movement; his books were best sellers; his image was emblazoned on the covers of national magazines; he was interviewed on television and radio; politicians and leaders sought his advice. Then, in the late 1970s and 1980s, he became viewed essentially as an exile, living on a bucolic estate in the south of France, the diminishing voice of a bygone era, slowly growing faint, less relevant, out of touch with mainstream Reagan America. His last major work was published in 1979. While his importance as a public figure had never been in doubt, the literary merit of his work and its continued aesthetic relevance was up for debate.
“In the Same Boat”
Authors: Zaborowska Magdalena J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
James Baldwin’s essay “Encounter on the Seine: Black Meets Brown” (1950) frames the uneasy face-off between “American Negroes” and Africans in post–World War II Western Europe against the background of a transatlantic geopolitical context and this writer’s lifelong exploration of Americanness. From Harlem and lower-class black families who migrated South-to-North in his first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), through explorations of belonging and freedom within and without the nation in the essay collections Notes of a Native Son (1955), Nobody Knows My Name (1961), and the Fire Next Time (1963), to probing intersections of gender, race, and sexuality in his transnational novels, Giovanni’s Room (1956), Another Country (1962), and Just Above My Head (1979), Baldwin wrote about Americans of all hues caught up in search for identity.
Who Swings?
Authors: Kaufmann Karen M , Petrocik John R , Shaw Daron R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our general thesis is that long-standing predispositions, such as party identification and political context, determine the behavior of most voters. This, in turn, produces fairly predictable election outcomes. But when the party identifications of voters and the events of the day are not so one-sided, predicting winners and losers is less certain. Long ago, those who studied and practiced politics observed that close elections are often decided by a subset of voters who could “swing” to either party’s candidates.1 Beyond this simple observation, however, there is very little consensus about how many “swing voters” there are, what they look like, and what influences their behavior.
Introduction: Why Emotion?
Authors: Barish Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the theory and practice of child psychotherapy have been gradually, but radically, transformed. A new research discipline— developmental psychopathology—has emerged (Cicchetti and Cohen, 2006; Toth and Cicchetti, 1999) and the classical psychodynamic model of inner conflict, although still relevant, now occupies a smaller place in our understanding of the psychological development of the child. Evidence-based cognitive and behavioral treatments, especially for children with anxiety (Kendall, Aschenbrand, and Hudson, 2003), depression (Stark et al., 2008), and behavioral disorders (Kazdin, 2005; Webster-Stratton and Reid, 2003) have been developed; the contribution of biological factors in the etiology of childhood disorders is now widely recognized; and child therapists of all schools have come to appreciate the critical role of parents in the therapeutic process.
Cognitive Monty
Authors: Rosenhouse Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though I have been a devotee of the Monty Hall problem for many years, I confess to being taken aback by the sheer volume of professional literature produced on the subject. Prior to beginning my research for this book, my file contained a handful of entries from various mathematics and statistics journals, but it had not yet occurred to me to search for material in other academic disciplines. So you can imagine my surprise upon discovering that philosophers, psychologists, economists, physicists, cognitive scientists, and many others besides had left their own mark on the problem. Tracking down all of this material was an enjoyable but highly time consuming task.
Research on ADHD in Adults
Authors: Mapou Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is clear that symptoms of ADHD persist into adulthood for a substantial number of individuals diagnosed as children. For a number of years, research on ADHD in adults was more advanced than research on learning disabilities in adults, with more studies published on etiology, neuropsychological features, and outcome, perhaps reflecting an established diagnostic standard for defining the disorder (e.g., DSM-IV Criteria, Utah Criteria, but see Barkley et al., 2008; Katz et al., 2001; and Wolf & Wasserstein, 2001 for critiques of diagnostic issues). However, in the past ten years, research on learning disabilities in adults has caught up with that on ADHD. This chapter highlights key research findings on ADHD in adults, with an eye toward assessment. As with research on learning disabilities in adults, this is not a comprehensive review but rather an overview of findings in this area. In addition to the research articles in the references, Barkley (2006b) provides an excellent summary of research on ADHD, and a newly released book focuses specifically on ADHD in adults based on two extensive studies (Barkley et al., 2008). Research topics covered in this chapter parallel some of those in Chapter 2 and include prevalence, neuropsychological findings, psychosocial factors, outcome and co-occurring disorders, methods for diagnosing ADHD, assessment of poor effort and feigned deficit, psychopharmacological treatment, and non-medical interventions.
Challenges And Opportunities Of Growing Up In A Media-Saturated World
Authors: Dill Karen E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not long ago at a conference, a presenter told a story about his teenaged daughter who had been calling him franticly all morning. The daughter had planned on going to a concert that night, but while she was dressing that morning, she had dropped her cell phone in the toilet. When her attempts to dry the cell phone with her hair dryer had failed, she freaked out. Her problem, according to her dad, was that she could not fathom how she could go out without a cell phone. Her bemused father finally talked her down by suggesting she borrow her sister’s cell phone, but remained intrigued by the idea that for his daughter, leaving home without a cell phone simply did not compute.
Seeing Through And Seeing Beyond Media Visions Of Race And Gender
Authors: Dill Karen E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most of what we know, or think we know, we have never personally experienced. We live in a world erected by stories. Stories socialize us into roles of gender, age, class, vocation, and lifestyle, and offer models of conformity or targets for rebellion. They weave the seamless web of our cultural environment. Our stories used to be hand crafted, home made, community inspired. Now they are mostly mass produced and policy driven, the result of a complex manufacturing and marketing process we know as the mass media. This situation calls for a new diagnosis and a new prescription.1 (Gerbner, 1999) — George Gerbner We may not realize it, but very often we learn about other people through what we see in the mass media.
Anxiety Disorders Panic and Phobias
Authors: Taylor Steven , Cox Brian J , Asmundson Gordon J G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers several of the most common and often debilitating anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia (which is also known as social anxiety disorder), and specific phobias. Several of these disorders are thought by many to lie on a continuum from normal to abnormal; thus, we sometimes refer to “nonclinical” data as well.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Brown Timothy A , Lawrence Amy E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In DSM—IV—TR, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is defi ned by the key feature of excessive, uncontrollable worry about a number of life events/activities, accompanied by at least three of six associated symptoms of negative affect/tension (i.e., restlessness/feeling keyed up or on edge, fatigability, concentration difficulties, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance).
Schizophrenia Etiology and Neurocognition
Authors: Cornblatt Barbara A , Green Michael F , Walker Elaine F , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia is the most crippling of the psychiatric disorders. It typically strikes as adulthood is approaching and is likely to be disabling for a lifetime. Schizophrenia occurs in all countries, cultures, and socioeconomic classes. It affects both sexes equally, although typical age of onset appears to be younger in males (about 21 years) than in females (closer to 27 years) (Hochman & Lewine, 2004). Contrary to many historical explanations, it is now widely believed that a disease of the brain most often causes schizophrenia.
Sexual Disorders
Authors: Cantor James M , Blanchard Ray , Barbaree Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sexual disorders are divided into two broad categories, the paraphilias and gender identity disorders. Few psychopathologies arouse greater public emotion or fascination than do these conditions. Consensual paraphilias, such as the erotic interest in pain, have given rise to hidden subcultures, analogous to the gay communities of previous decades. Nonconsensual paraphilias, such as the erotic interests in children or in rape, motivate persons to engage in sexual offenses, leading legislators to enact mandatory sentences and establish sex offender registries.
Depressive Personality Disorder
Authors: Klein Daniel N , Bessaha Melissa L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the concept of depressive personality has long been used in the clinical literature, the empirical literature is still fairly limited. The depressive personality disorder construct has generated considerable controversy. Some investigators believe that it should be added to the classifi cation system and placed within the personality disorders section (Huprich, 1998; Phillips, Hirschfeld, Shea, & Gunderson, 1993); others argue that it should not be added to the nomenclature as a categorical diagnosis but instead should be included as part of a dimensional classification of personality disorders (Ryder, Bagby, & Schuller, 2002); some view it as part of a spectrum of depressive conditions (Akiskal, 1989; Klein, 1999); and still others believe that it is redundant with, or subsumed by, existing Axis I depressive disorders (especially dysthymic disorder) and Axis II disorders (McLean & Woody, 1995; Ryder & Bagby, 1999).
Philosophy Takes an Interest in Life
Authors: Irvine William B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There have probably always been philosophers, in some sense of the word. They were those individuals who not only asked questions—such as Where did the world come from? Where did people come from? and Why are there rainbows?—but more important, went on to ask follow-up questions. When told, for example, that the world was created by the gods, these proto-philosophers would have realized that this answer didn’t get to the bottom of things. They would have gone on to ask why the gods made the world, how they made it, and—most vexatiously to those trying to answer their questions—who made the gods.
Roman Stoicism
Authors: Irvine William B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most important of the Roman Stoics—and the Stoics from whom, I think, modern individuals have the most to gain—were Seneca, Musonius Rufus, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. The contributions these four made to Roman Stoicism were nicely complementary. Seneca was the best writer of the bunch, and his essays and letters to Lucilius form a quite accessible introduction to Roman Stoicism. Musonius is notable for his pragmatism: He offered detailed advice on how practicing Stoics should eat, what they should wear, how they should behave toward their parents, and even how they should conduct their sex life. Epictetus’s specialty was analysis: He explained, among other things, why practicing Stoicism can bring us tranquility. Finally, in Marcus’s Meditations, written as a kind of diary, we are privy to the thoughts of a practicing Stoic: We watch as he searches for Stoic solutions to the problems of daily life as well as the problems he encountered as emperor of Rome.
Negative Visualization
Authors: Irvine William B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any thoughtful person will periodically contemplate the bad things that can happen to him. The obvious reason for doing this is to prevent those things from happening. Someone might, for example, spend time thinking about ways people could break into his home so he can prevent them from doing so. Or he might spend time thinking about the diseases that might afflict him so he can take preventive measures.
The Dichotomy of Control
Authors: Irvine William B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our most important choice in life, according to Epictetus, is whether to concern ourselves with things external to us or things internal. Most people choose the former because they think harms and benefits come from outside themselves. According to Epictetus, though, a philosopher—by which he means someone who has an understanding of Stoic philosophy—will do just the opposite. He will look “for all benefit and harm to come from himself.” In particular, he will give up the rewards the external world has to offer in order to gain “tranquility, freedom, and calm.”
Louis XIII, Richelieu, And The Royal Finances
Authors: Bonney Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We need to start, perhaps, with an assertion that the subject to be studied is not simply Richelieu and the king’s finances, but Louis XIII, his various ministers (including finance ministers), and the royal finances. The distinction may seem either self-evident or tautological, but it has taken the appearance of Lloyd Moote’s biography of Louis XIII, the Just to reaffirm what should always have been evident: that from 1617, if not before, we are dealing with a king of age to rule personally, who at times sought to do so. A recognition that the king could, and did, dispose of ministers and ratify appointments, albeit under the guidance of his chief minister, is fundamental for an understanding of the development of his financial policy. In 1624, 1636, and 1643, the king rid himself of the services respectively of La Vieuville, Servien, and Sublet des Noyers for reasons which had something to do with financial policy, although other issues were involved; in 1636 and 1637 Bullion appealed directly to the king, when it seemed that Richelieu might.
Barriers and Related Accumulation Features
Authors: Trenhaile A S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accumulation forms develop where local conditions encourage deposition, and they are therefore common where obstacles interrupt longshore flow, there is a sudden change in the direction of the coast, and in sheltered, wave shadow zones between islands and the mainland. Primary accumulation features also create conditions that may cause secondary, or induced, forms to develop. A number of factors complicate their development, including erosion and retreat of the coast to which they are attached, and changes in relative sea level, wave energy and direction, and sediment supply (Zenkovitch 1967).
Culture, History, and the City in East Asia
Authors: Kim Won Bae 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Western man has been investing his efforts and his treasure in the mastery of his material environment. Now that his achievement of this mastery is forcing him back upon himself in self-defence against the dehumanised world that his technology has conjured up, he finds him self at a loss; and the non-Western majority of the human race is going to fall into the same straits as it becomes more and more deeply implicated in the ‘extrovert’ modern Western way of life. Megalopolis is going to swallow up human beings of all cultures, religions and races; for all of us, the problem of having to live in Megalopolis will have to be solved in spiritual terms.
Assignation of Stigma to Persons and Places
Authors: Takahashi Lois M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Homelessness and HIV/AIDS have encountered increasing stigmatization over the past decade in the United States. As the previous chapter indicated, the social relations of stigmatization make the NIMBY syndrome much more complex than solely reactionary, selfish responses by intolerant individuals. Rather, the NIMBY syndrome is evidence of the social and moral boundaries emanating from the stigmatization of homelessness and HIV/AIDS. As such, community opposition towards human service facilities is part of a broader set of practices delineated by labelling, avoidance, discrimination, and even violence. But community response is not monolithic; it is framed by the fluid nature of stigma (which I described in Chapter 3 using three dimensions: non-productivity, dangerousness, and personal culpability).
Rejecting Persons and Places Locational Conflicts over Homelessness
Authors: Takahashi Lois M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the 1980s and 1990s, homeless persons and human service facilities experienced an increasingly vitriolic reaction from communities and municipalities. Wolch and Dear’s (1993) study of community response to homelessness in Southern California indicates that even those cities which had in the past provided a more accepting and supportive environment were now encountering criticism of local policies providing services, public outcry over the growing and uneven distribution of homelessness (both individuals and social services), and an increasing tendency to turn to anti-homeless legislation to (re)move homeless persons from increasingly sensitive public spaces.
Technology and Text: Glass Consciousness and Nineteenth-century Culture
Authors: Armstrong Isobel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Piece of common nineteenth-century window glass, held up to the light, is likely to display small blemishes-the blisters of air bubbles, and spectral undulations, almost invisible striae which slightly distort the vision. Such material, cylinder glass, or sheet glass as it was often termed, is different from the float glass produced in the computer-controlled factories of today. It was the commonest form of mid nineteenth-century glass, superseding the crown glass manufactured earlier, and preceding plate glass. Plate was in general use in the later part of the century even though, like crown, it was being made in the 1840s. The production of both overlapped with that of sheet. But sheet was dominant. It was blown by the human breath as massive four to six feet cylinders before being cut and flattened to produce pieces of glass up to twenty feet square.1 In seven- to ten-hour sessions or ‘journeys’ before the furnace, a team could produce up to eight hundred feet of sixteen-ounce glass (the weight for common use).
Photogrammetry and remote sensing in support of GDI
Authors: Konecny Gottfried 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the largest cost in a GDI is arguably that of building and maintaining the databases, an overview of two major geospatial data acquisition technologies is presented here. The technologies and their platforms are introduced in Sections 12.2 to 12.4, and the data acquisition techniques for vector and raster data are described in Sections 12.5 and 12.6. The acquisition of digital terrain models is discussed in Section 12.7, and thematic data acquisition from different platforms in Section 12.8. Parcel-based data systems are of particular significance to a large variety of civic applications, both in urban and in rural areas. The parcel database and the database of administrative areas derived from it form an integral part of the foundation data in the GDI. The role of photogrammetry and remote sensing in building and maintaining these parcel-based systems is presented in Section 12.9. Data acquisition decisions are usually a balance between cost, required accuracy, and timeliness. Hence, the cost-performance of various photogrammetric and remote sensing products are compared in Section 12.10.
Four cases
Authors: Finley David , Siderelis Karen , Grant Don , Bregt Arnold 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Information is now recognized as one of an organization’s most valuable resources (Branscomb, 1986; McLaughlin and Coleman, 1990; Melody, 1981). In the case of an organization concerned with land, good and timely land information allows for greater efficiency in managing its natural resources. This is particularly important to a small rural province such as New Brunswick, Canada, whose economy has traditionally relied heavily on its natural resources. New Brunswick, in fact, was a pioneer in both recognizing its land information shortcomings and subsequently working towards the development of its land information infrastructure, with a view to providing easy public access to its databases.
Class, Ethnicity, and Community in Southern Mexico
Authors: Clarke Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The state of Oaxaca has been studied intensively by archaeologists, historians, and anthropologists, but this is the first comprehensive overview of rural communities in the twentieth century. The study is rooted in the colonial and post-independence periods; but the text concentrates primarily on the post-revolutionary period, and on the land reform which allowed peasantries to be reconstituted in the lowland areas of the state, as a complement to the traditional peasantries which still existed on communal lands at high altitudes. Peasant lifestyles and production systems are examined, in particular to distinguish between those activities which are subsistence orientated, and those which are geared to the market. In the last thirty years rural life has been transformed by improved communications, and by services provided by the federal state, but above all by migration to Oaxaca City, other Mexican cities, and the USA. The outcome has been the emergence of class differences at the level of the community; the development of ethnic identities, based on language and regional differences; and the emergence of opposition to the hegemony of the party of government, the PRI. The wide range of issues under discussion will make this volume of interest to geographers, historians, anthropologists, and those involved in development studies.
Smallholder Adaptation: The Humid Domain
Authors: Baker Kathleen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The non-equilibrial character of the environment in both the semi-arid and the humid tropics was discussed in Chapter 1. Environmental non-equilibrium is most frequently associated with semi-arid areas where swings in environmental variables, particularly rainfall, make human existence precarious. However, the analysis of rainfall patterns over the past 19 years in West Africa (Chapter 1), has shown that unpredictability of rainfall is a characteristic common to both the semi-arid and the humid zone. Although environmental non-equilibrium in the latter is of a different nature from that of the semi-arid realm, it can pose equally serious problems for farmers. This chapter investigates how indigenous smallholder farmers, in different locations in the humid zone, cope with an uncertain environment and also with a range of other constraints. The location-specific, autecological methods of land management which are considered support the argument that development strategies need to be appropriate to the farmers and to the physical environment. This is emphasized by Moss (1992) who argues that environmental information, which is essential for the effective planning and implementation of practical agricultural development, is neglected.