bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring left ventricular assist device parameters to detect flow- and power-impacting complications: a proof of concept
Authors: Moazeni Mehran , Numan Lieke , Szymanski Mariusz K , Van der Kaaij Niels P , Asselbergs Folkert W , van Laake Linda W , Aarts Emmeke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
The number of patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support increases due to the growing number of patients with end-stage heart failure and the limited number of donor hearts. Despite improving survival rates, patients frequently suffer from adverse events such as cardiac arrhythmia and major bleeding. Telemonitoring is a potentially powerful tool to early detect deteriorations and may further improve outcome after LVAD implantation. Hence, we developed a personalized algorithm to remotely monitor HeartMate3 (HM3) pump parameters aiming to early detect unscheduled admissions due to cardiac arrhythmia or major bleeding.

Methods and results
The source code of the algorithm is published in an open repository. The algorithm was optimized and tested retrospectively using HeartMate 3 (HM3) power and flow data of 120 patients, including 29 admissions due to cardiac arrhythmia and 14 admissions due to major bleeding. Using a true alarm window of 14 days prior to the admission date, the algorithm detected 59 and 79% of unscheduled admissions due to cardiac arrhythmia and major bleeding, respectively, with a false alarm rate of 2%.

Conclusion
The proposed algorithm showed that the personalized algorithm is a viable approach to early identify cardiac arrhythmia and major bleeding by monitoring HM3 pump parameters. External validation is needed and integration with other clinical parameters could potentially improve the predictive value. In addition, the algorithm can be further enhanced using continuous data.
Availability of Cognitive Resources in Early Life Predicts Transitions Between Cognitive States in Middle and Older Adults From Europe
Authors: Lewis Nathan A , Yoneda Tomiko , Melis René J F , Mroczek Daniel K , Hofer Scott M , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The existing literature highlights the importance of reading books in middle-to-older adulthood for cognitive functioning; very few studies, however, have examined the importance of childhood cognitive resources for cognitive outcomes later in life.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from 11 countries included in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) data set (N = 32,783), multistate survival models (MSMs) were fit to examine the importance of access to reading material in childhood on transitions through cognitive status categories (no cognitive impairment and impaired cognitive functioning) and death. Additionally, using the transition probabilities estimated by the MSMs, we estimated the remaining years of life without cognitive impairment and total longevity. All models were fit individually in each country, as well as within the pooled SHARE sample.

Results
Adjusting for age, sex, education, and childhood socioeconomic status, the overall pooled estimate indicated that access to more books at age 10 was associated with a decreased risk of developing cognitive impairment (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.79, confidence interval: 0.76–0.82). Access to childhood books was not associated with risk of transitioning from normal cognitive functioning to death, or from cognitive impairment to death. Total longevity was similar between participants reporting high (+1 standard deviation [SD]) and low (−1 SD) number of books in the childhood home; however, individuals with more access to childhood books lived a greater proportion of this time without cognitive impairment.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggest that access to cognitive resources in childhood is protective for cognitive aging processes in older adulthood.
The Media Coverage of Bruce Willis Reveals Unfamiliarity With Frontotemporal Degeneration
Authors: Hurley Robert S , Pillai Jagan A , Leverenz James B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 2022, Bruce Willis’ family released a statement saying that he had been diagnosed with aphasia (an acquired language impairment) and would no longer be acting. Ten months later, the Willis family released another statement indicating that he received a more specific diagnosis of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). This resulted in an explosion of media coverage, as prominent news outlets scrambled to produce stories describing FTD to a public largely unfamiliar with the disease. The quality of these stories varied widely, and in many cases the relationship between aphasia and FTD was misrepresented, as were basic descriptions and facts about FTD. FTD refers to a class of protein-misfolding diseases that are a common cause of aphasias due to neurodegeneration, or primary progressive aphasias (PPA). Rather than describing how FTD was discovered to be the underlying source of Mr. Willis’ aphasia, many reports described his aphasia as “progressing into” FTD, implying they are two different disorders. Furthermore, these reports used the terminology of frontotemporal “dementia” rather than “degeneration”, a term that invokes many stereotypes in the public imagination and may have contributed to misrepresentations in coverage. Instead of focusing on the language symptoms of PPA, reports often emphasized the personality and behavioral changes more closely associated with other variants of FTD. The substance of various facts, such as how common FTD is and how it can be treated, varied widely across reports. In sum, the media coverage of Mr. Willis’ diagnosis reveals the extent to which the media and general public are uninformed about FTD and PPA. The remedy for this problem is to promote greater awareness of FTD, in both the public and the medical provider class. The Willis family’s disclosure was a courageous act that helped bring much-needed attention to this disease.
Evaluating the heart valve tissue diffusion of amoxicillin in infective endocarditis: a pilot prospective observational non-comparative study
Authors: Dubert Marie , Kably Benjamin , Derobertmasure Audrey , Podglajen Isabelle , Munte Laura , Clauss Darless , Blez Damien , Dahdah Pierre , Billaud Eliane , Lebeaux David , Mainardi Jean-Luc 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Treating patients with infective endocarditis (IE) due to streptococci and enterococci currently involves high-dosage antibiotics. Recent literature suggests a 30%–70% diffusion rate could be extrapolated to human heart valve tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diffusion coefficient of amoxicillin in heart valve tissue of patients operated for IE.

Methods
Adult patients were prospectively included that underwent surgery at the European Hospital Georges Pompidou for IE due to streptococci and enterococci and had previous IV amoxicillin treatment. Plasma (taken 48 h preoperatively) and heart valve tissue amoxicillin concentrations were measured with a validated LC-MS/MS method. The MIC values of amoxicillin were measured for all available isolates.

Results
Seventeen patients were included. Eleven (64.7%) patients had native valve IE and six (35.3%) had prosthetic valve IE. Fourteen IE cases (82.4%) were due to streptococci, one (5.9%) was due to enterococci and two (11.8%) were Haemophilus spp, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae group infections. Median (IQR) amoxicillin dose administered was 10.5 (8.0–12.0) g/day corresponding to 138.2 (112.5–160.0) mg/kg/day. The median amoxicillin plasma concentrations pre-surgery and intra-tissular weighted concentrations were 31.9 (25.9–51.9) mg/L and 19.0 (7.9–31.4) µg/g, respectively. Median tissue/plasma concentration ratio was 0.47 (0.24–0.67), with a median amoxicillin plasma/MIC ratio of 487 (179–745), and median amoxicillin tissue/MIC ratio of 42 (14–116).

Conclusions
With a significant diffusion coefficient, amoxicillin dosage in heart valve tissues showed a concentration/MIC ratio well above current recommendations for bactericidal activity. Our study suggests that lower doses can be considered for susceptible bacteria.
Statistical and machine learning approaches to describe factors affecting preweaning mortality of piglets
Authors: Rahman Md Towfiqur , Brown-Brandl Tami M , Rohrer Gary A , Sharma Sudhendu R , Manthena Vamsi , Shi Yeyin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh preweaning mortality (PWM) rates for piglets are a significant concern for the worldwide pork industries, causing economic loss and well-being issues. This study focused on identifying the factors affecting PWM, overlays, and predicting PWM using historical production data with statistical and machine learning models. Data were collected from 1,982 litters from the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Nebraska, over the years 2016 to 2021. Sows were housed in a farrowing building with three rooms, each with 20 farrowing crates, and taken care of by well-trained animal caretakers. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the various sow, litter, environment, and piglet parameters on PWM. Then, different models (beta-regression and machine learning model: a random forest [RF]) were evaluated. Finally, the RF model was used to predict PWM and overlays for all listed contributing factors. On average, the mean birth weight was 1.44 kg, and the mean mortality was 16.1% where 5.55% was for stillbirths and 6.20% was contributed by overlays. No significant effect was found for seasonal and location variations on PWM. Significant differences were observed in the effects of litter lines on PWM (P &lt; 0.05). Landrace-sired litters had a PWM of 16.26% (±0.13), whereas Yorkshire-sired litters had 15.91% (±0.13). PWM increased with higher parity orders (P &lt; 0.05) due to larger litter sizes. The RF model provided the best fit for PWM prediction with a root mean squared errors of 2.28 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.89 between observed and predicted values. Features’ importance from the RF model indicated that, PWM increased with the increase of litter size (mean decrease accuracy (MDA) = 93.17), decrease in mean birth weight (MDA = 22.72), increase in health diagnosis (MDA = 15.34), longer gestation length (MDA = 11.77), and at older parity (MDA = 10.86). However, in this study, the location of the farrowing crate, seasonal differences, and litter line turned out to be the least important predictors for PWM. For overlays, parity order was the highest importance predictor (MDA = 7.68) followed by litter size and mean birth weight. Considering the challenges to reducing the PWM in the larger litters produced in modern swine industry and the limited studies exploring multiple major contributing factors, this study provides valuable insights for breeding and production management, as well as further investigations on postural transitions and behavior analysis of sows during the lactation period.
The effect of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on pain prevalence and severity in older adults: a large-scale ancillary study of the VITamin D and OmegA-3 triaL (VITAL)
Authors: Soens Mieke A. , Sesso Howard D. , Manson JoAnn E. , Fields Kara G. , Buring Julie E. , Lee I-Min , Cook Nancy R. , Kim Eunjung , Bubes Vadim , Dushkes Rimma , Serhan Charles N. , Rathmell James P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A diet supplemented with vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acids may prevent and treat painful disorders by promoting the resolution of inflammation. However, large, randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D on the presence and severity of pain are lacking. VITamin D and OmegA-3 triaL—Pain (VITAL-Pain) is an ancillary study to the VITAL trial, a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D (2000 IU/day) and omega-3 supplementation (1 g/day) over 5.3 years of median follow-up, among 25,871 older men and women. We assessed pain among those reaching the end of the VITAL intervention phase using questions from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. We used ordinal logistic regression to test the effect of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval [CI] of reporting higher pain prevalence or severity. Overall, 19,611 participants provided complete pain information at the end of the VITAL trial. The ORs for higher pain prevalence or severity for vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation vs placebo were 0.99 ([CI] 0.94-1.05) and 0.99 ([CI] 0.94-1.04), respectively. There was no interaction between the 2 active treatments. Dietary supplementation with commonly used moderate doses of vitamin D or omega-3 fatty acids over a median of 5.3 years did not result in a lower prevalence or severity of pain in middle-aged and older U.S. adults.
Olfactory Bulb Volume and Morphology Changes in COVID-19 Patients With Olfactory Disorders Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Parlak Ayşe Eda , Selçuk Ömer Tarik , Yilmaz Gamze Öztürk , Aydenizoz Doğukan , Selçuk Nursel Türkoğlu , Öcal Ruhsen , Seyman Derya , Yilmaz Muhammet , Eyigör Hülya 
Published: October 2023

Objectives
The aims of the study are to explore the morphological changes of olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sulcus in COVID-19 patients with associated olfactory dysfunction (OD) by measuring the OB volume (OBV) and olfactory sulcus depth (OSD) and to compare the measurement values with those of healthy individuals.

Methods
Between March 2020 and January 2022, 31 consecutive hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 with anosmia and hyposmia who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and 35 normosmic control individuals were retrospectively included in the study. Bilateral OBV and OSD were measured and shape of the OB was determined based on the consensus by a neuroradiologist and an otorrhynolaryngologist.

Results
The mean measurements for the right and the left sides for OBV (38 ± 8.5 and 37.1 ± 8.4, respectively) and OSD (7.4 ± 0.1 and 7.4 ± 1.0 mm, respectively) were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with OD than those in control group (for the right and the left sides mean OBV 56.3 ± 17.1 and 49.1 ± 13.5, respectively, and mean OSD 9.6 ± 0.8 and 9.4 ± 0.8 mm, respectively). Abnormally shaped OB (lobulated, rectangular, or atrophic) were higher in patient group than those of controls.
For the optimal cutoff values, OBV showed sensitivity and specificity values of 90.32% and, 57.14%, for the right, and 87.1% and 62.86% for the left side, respectively (area under the curve, 0.819 and 0.780). Olfactory sulcus depth showed sensitivity and specificity values of 90.32% and 94.29%, for the right, and 96.77% and 85.71%, for the left side, respectively (area under the curve, 0.960 and 0.944).

Conclusions
Decrease in OBV and OSD measurements in COVID-19 patients with OD at the early chronic stage of the disease supports direct damage to olfactory neuronal pathways and may be used to monitor olfactory nerve renewal while returning back to normal function.
CIRCUSP42 AMELIORATES LPS-INDUCED HUMAN RENAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO BY REGULATING THE MIR-182-5P/DUSP1 AXIS
Authors: Luo Shu , Li Mengqin , Ding Xuefeng , Luo Feng , Liao Zhangping 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory disease that can cause many diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Increasing evidence showed that a variety of circular RNAs were considered to be involved in the development of the disease. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and potential mechanism of circUSP42 in sepsis-induced AKI.Methods:HK2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish septic AKI cell model. The expression levels of circUSP42, microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p), and DUSP1 in LPS-treated HK2 cells were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Functional experiments were performed by using Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, oxidative stress assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The potential target binding site between miR-182-5p and CircUSP42 or DUSP1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays.Results:CircUSP42 and DUSP1 were downregulated in serum samples from patients with AKI and LPS-treated HK2 cells, while miR-182-5p was upregulated. Functionally, overexpression of CircUSP42 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in LPS-triggered HK2 cells. Further mechanism analysis showed that miR-182-5p had potential binding sites with circUSP42 and DUSP1, and circUSP42 regulated LPS-induced cell damage by targeting miR-182-5p. At the same time, miR-182-5p knockdown inhibited LPS-treated HK2 cell damage by regulating DUSP1. In addition, circUSP42 induced DUSP1 expressionviasponging miR-182-5p to ameliorate LPS-induced HK2 cell damage.Conclusion: Our results showed that circUSP42 overexpression might attenuate LPS-induced HK2 cell injury by regulating miR-182-5p/DUSP1 axis. This might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
TRENDS IN DISPARITIES RESEARCH ON TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY OUTCOMES: A 10-YEAR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY
Authors: Breeding Tessa , Ngatuvai Micah , Rosander Abigail , Maka Piueti , Davis Jennifer , Knowlton Lisa M. , Hoops Heather , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This is a 10-year review of the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (JTACS) literature related to healthcare disparities, healthcare inequities, and patient outcomes. A retrospective review of articles published in JTACS between January 1st, 2013, and July 15th, 2022, was performed. Articles screened included both adult and pediatric trauma populations. Included articles focused on patient populations related to trauma, surgical critical care, and emergency general surgery. Of the 4178 articles reviewed, 74 met the inclusion criteria. Health care disparities related to gender (n = 10), race/ethnicity (n = 12), age (n = 14), income status (n = 6), health literacy (n = 6), location and access to care (n = 23), and insurance status (n = 13) were described. Studies published on disparities peaked in 2016 and 2022 with 13 and 15 studies respectively but dropped to one study in 2017. Studies demonstrated a significant increase in mortality for patients in rural geographical regions and in patients without health insurance and a decrease in patients who were treated at a trauma center. Gender disparities resulted in variable mortality rates and studied factors including traumatic brain injury (TBI) mortality and severity, venous thromboembolism, ventilator-associated pneumonia, firearm homicide, and intimate partner violence. Under-represented race/ethnicity was associated with variable mortality rates, with 1 study demonstrating increased mortality risk and 3 finding no association between race/ethnicity and mortality. Disparities in health literacy resulted in decreased discharge compliance and worse long-term functional outcomes. Studies on disparities in JTACS over the last decade primarily focused on location and access to healthcare, age, insurance status, and race, with a specific emphasis on mortality. This review highlights the areas in need of further research and funding in the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery regarding healthcare disparities in trauma aimed at interventions to reduce disparities in patient care, ensure equitable care, and inform future approaches targeting healthcare disparities.

Level of Evidence
Systematic Review; Level IV
How do patent thickets affect financial performance: a three-way interaction model
Authors: Yuan Xiaodong , Hou Fan 
Published: October 2023

PurposeFirms may suffer differently from the patent thickets in a particular technology field. This paper explores how patent thickets affect the financial performance of firms with different patent propensities and technological leadership.Design/methodology/approachFrom the perspective of patent strategy, the authors study how patent propensity, the possibility that a firm applies for patents, affects the patent thickets and financial performance. Additionally, this paper uses patent stock to measure technological leadership, the degree to which a firm can develop, maintain and enhance technology and product innovation, to study the impact of patent propensity on firms. A three-way interaction model is used to explore the relationship among patent thickets, patent propensity, technological leadership and financial performance based on an unbalanced panel of 69 Chinese telecommunication equipment firms from 2008 to 2019.FindingsThe authors find that patent propensity positively moderates patent thickets and financial performance. Notably, technological leadership negatively moderates the moderating effect of patent propensity.Originality/valueThis paper enriches the heterogeneous literature of patent thickets and financial performance. It sheds light on the fact that firms with different technological leadership may use different patent strategies to cut through patent thickets.
What drives the use of crowdfunding by micro-entrepreneurs in Morocco? – exploring fundraiser motives and characteristics
Authors: Meghouar Hicham , Ezzahid Hibat-Allah , Shneor Rotem 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify motivations for the uptake of crowdfunding by micro-entrepreneurs in an emerging economy and the extent to which these vary by entrepreneur characteristics, sector and crowdfunding model.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct qualitative analyses of data collected in interviews with 57 micro-entrepreneurs in Morocco, all of whom used crowdfunding in fundraising.

Findings
The authors identify six key motives for crowdfunding adoption by micro-entrepreneurs including financing needs, legitimacy seeking, sense of achievement, network-building, entrepreneurial and marketing competence enhancements. They also find evidence for moderation effects of fundraiser characteristics on likelihood of adoption, including gender, age, education, training experience and sectoral affiliation. Furthermore, the authors show that the relative importance of different motives varies by the type of crowdfunding model used.

Originality/value
The original aspects of the study include the examination of adoption motives in an emerging market context and the distinguishing between entrepreneurs’ adoption motives based on different gender, age, education, training experience, sectoral affiliation and crowdfunding model used. Moreover, the authors show that enhancement of competencies is a more dominant motive in the emerging market context than mentioned in earlier studies in developed contexts.
Tourism–a look into a brighter future
Authors: Costa Ferreira Pedro 
Published: October 2023

Purpose This paper aims to analyze how tourism can impact today's world, particularly as we live a decisive moment for the planet, deeply affected by war in Europe and all the implications resulting from this anomalous situation.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the author presents five pillars of the differentiating impact that tourism can have in today's world, from the need to modernize an increasingly old world to the need to reduce inequalities.FindingsThe author contends that the tourism industry has a significant and positive impact in the world by building secure bridges for a better future. This is because it is on the right side, opposing disharmony and bringing people closer together, and by leading economic growth, the base factor of all positive economic change.Originality/valueThe article supports the view that tourism generates more equality at local and global levels and that while it may not in itself be the solution for our future, it will be much easier to look into a brighter future, whenever we include tourism in it.