bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in melanogenesis
Authors: Hu Shuaishuai , Wang Lu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMelanogenesis is a critical biochemical process in which melanocytes produce melanin, a crucial element involved in the formation of coat colour in mammals. According to several earlier studies, melanocytes' post‐translational modifications of proteins primarily control melanogenesis. Among the many post‐translational changes that can affect melanin production, ubiquitination and deubiquitination can keep melanin production going by changing how proteins that are related to melanin are broken down or kept stable. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination maintain ubiquitin homeostasis, which is a highly dynamic process in balance under the action of E3 ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinating enzymes. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ubiquitination and deubiquitination in melanogenesis are yet to be thoroughly investigated. As a result, there has been a growing focus on exploring the potential correlation between melanogenesis, ubiquitination and deubiquitination. This study discusses the mechanisms of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the context of melanogenesis, a crucial process for enhancing mammalian coat coloration and addressing pigment‐related diseases.
The intricate link between iron, mitochondria and azoles in Candida species
Authors: Van Genechten Wouter , Vergauwen Rudy , Van Dijck Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Invasive fungal infections are rapidly increasing, and the opportunistic pathogenic Candida species are the fourth most common cause of nosocomial systemic infections. The current antifungal classes, of which azoles are the most widely used, all have shortcomings. Azoles are generally considered fungistatic rather than fungicidal, they do not actively kill fungal cells and therefore resistance against azoles can be rapidly acquired. Combination therapies with azoles provide an interesting therapeutic outlook and agents limiting iron are excellent candidates. We summarize how iron is acquired by the host and transported towards both storage and iron‐utilizing organelles. We indicate whether these pathways alter azole susceptibility and/or tolerance, to finally link these transport mechanisms to mitochondrial iron availability. In this review, we highlight putative novel intracellular iron shuffling mechanisms and indicate that mitochondrial iron dynamics in relation to azole treatment and iron limitation is a significant knowledge gap.
Older people living in the community with delusion
Authors: Ito Kae 
Published: October 2023

AimThis study explores the intricate relationship between social interactions and the development of persecutory delusions among older women living alone in Japan. Focusing on the unique perspective of individuals experiencing delusions outside clinical settings, the aim was to understand the impact of interpersonal interactions on delusion formation.MethodsCases of older women living alone with persecutory delusions were selected from records of municipal psychogeriatric services and medical consultations within a community space. This study employed a descriptive approach to propose a hypothesis regarding the possible connection between social interactions and the development of persecutory delusions within this demographic.ResultsTwo relevant cases were identified, from which a three‐step hypothesis emerged regarding the potential link between social interactions and the development of persecutory delusions in this demographic. Insights from these cases suggest that anxiety can trigger hallucinations, which, when unaddressed, evolve into delusional interpretations. Addressing these unmet needs could mitigate the progression of persecutory delusions.ConclusionsThe findings of this study underline the critical relationship between social interactions and persecutory delusions among older women living alone. The unmet need for empathy influences the progression from anxiety‐driven hallucinations to fully formed delusions. Early intervention can prevent the escalation of delusions and involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. This study underscores the importance of recognizing the link between social isolation and delusion emergence. It advocates for compassionate environments to meet the psychological needs of older individuals grappling with delusions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 118–122.
Evaluation and treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adult patients with psoriasis
Authors: Palmer Victoria , Cornier Marc‐André , Waring Ashley , Valdebran Manuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome, with patients having an approximately twofold increased risk of each compared to the general population. This increased risk is based on shared underlying genetic and cytokine profiles, as well as similar environmental risks. Many screening guidelines do not address the development of CVD and metabolic syndrome in these predisposed patients. These deficits are evidenced by the exclusion of psoriasis as a risk factor in validated 10‐year CVD risk calculators for adult patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as insufficient screening guidelines for insulin resistance in patients with psoriasis. This manuscript aims to discuss and propose allopathic and lifestyle recommendations for the screening and management of the aforementioned comorbidities in adult patients with psoriasis.
Proctoscopy following transrectal prostate biopsy can control rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy
Authors: Nasu Yoshitsugu , Kawago Yuya 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesRectal bleeding is a common complication of transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy (TRPB). Massive rectal bleeding after TRPB can be life threatening. We initiated proctoscopy after TRPB to clarify the incidence of rectal bleeding and evaluated the usefulness of proctoscopy for controlling bleeding after TRPB.MaterialsTwo hundred and fifty six patients who underwent TRPB were included in the study. TRPB was performed under local anesthesia. Post‐biopsy, we performed a proctoscopy to evaluate the degree of rectal bleeding at four levels (G0, no bleeding; G1, traces; G2, venous bleeding requiring hemostasis; and G3, massive venous bleeding or arterial bleeding). Once the bleeding site on the rectal wall was identified, a gauze tampon was placed at the bleeding site and compressed for a few minutes. A second proctoscopy was performed to confirm complete hemostasis, after which the TRPB was terminated.ResultsProctoscopy revealed that the degree of bleeding was G0 in 27 cases, G1 in 104 cases, G2 in 116 cases, and G3 in nine cases. Rectal bleeding that required hemostasis (G2 and G3) was observed in 125 of 256 cases (48.3%). Among the 125 cases, bleeding was stopped by compression in 121 cases; in the remaining four cases, bleeding continued despite compression and was stopped by suturing of the bleeding site. Suturing was performed by urologists, and none of the 256 patients had problematic posterior hemorrhage.ConclusionsProctoscopy enables precise and effective pressure hemostasis. Moreover, suturing hemostasis under direct vision can be performed in cases in which pressure hemostasis is difficult. Continued proctoscopy allays urologists' fear of post‐TRPB rectal bleeding.
Real world data of recurrent and survival rates of penile cancer patients in Songklanagarind hospital: Tumor stage as a predictor for disease‐free survival
Authors: Pinkheaw Natthakan , Sathitruangsak Chirawadee , Tanthanuch Monthira , Bejrananda Tanan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study investigated disease‐free survival and oncological outcomes in penile cancer patients treated surgically at a high‐volume center and identified the prognostic factors for disease‐free survival.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on primary penile cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand, between January 2001 and December 2021. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard models were used for multivariate analysis.ResultsThe study included 188 patients with primary penile cancer. The majority (98.4%) were uncircumcised. Tumor staging revealed 40.6% with T1 tumors, 72.9% with well‐differentiated tumors, and 23.5% diagnosed at stage IIIA. The recurrence rate was 19.1%, with a mean time to recurrence of 25.9 months. Disease‐free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.1%, 70.9%, and 70.9%, respectively. Median overall survival was 16.43 months, with survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years at 67.7%, 42.7%, and 35.4%, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models showed significant associations between disease‐free survival and a higher T stage, a high level of CRP (>15 mg/L), delayed onset of symptoms, primary lesion location, groin node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastases. However, multivariate analysis revealed that a higher primary tumor stage (T) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival.ConclusionThis study presents one of the largest cohorts investigating disease‐free survival outcomes in penile cancer treatment at a single institution over a prolonged period. A higher pathologic T stage is a significant prognostic factor for disease‐free survival. Further large‐scale prospective studies are needed for validation.
Development and sexual dimorphism of branchiae in Streblospio benedicti
Authors: Segarra Caitlin , McCain Elizabeth R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Spionidae is one of the largest and most studied annelid families, but to date, the development and differentiation of post‐metamorphic anatomy have not been documented. This study used scanning electron microscopy to examine the development of the branchiae, presumed respiratory organs, in Streblospio benedicti. Branchiae in this species are prominent, paired head structures and first appear around the time of metamorphosis, but do not complete their development until the worm reaches the older juvenile or adult stages. We observed that as the branchiae grew, their overall morphology changed through four different shapes: small bud, tubular, tapered, and, finally, bilimbate. In addition, the abfrontal and frontal surfaces each possessed a unique set of cilia patterns, which we named, and these arose in a particular sequence between the 8‐ and 35‐chaetiger stages. This detailed examination of every stage of branchial development led us to discover that branchia in Streblospio benedicti was a sexually dimorphic organ. Streblospio benedicti is one of approximately eight Spionidae in which there is any type of structural sexual dimorphism, and it is the only species in which sexually dimorphic branchiae are found. The male's frontal surface had four unique cilia patterns, and we hypothesize that those located around the medial protrusion capture and control the release of the spermatophores. This first documentation of a spionid's branchial developmental sequence revealed that not only is this respiratory organ involved in reproduction, but it significantly differentiates after metamorphosis through adulthood.
RETRACTED: Effects of parasternal intercostal block on surgical site wound infection and pain in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jian‐Qiang , Li Zhen‐Hui , Dong Ping , Liu Peng , Xu Ying‐Zhen , Fan Zhi‐Jun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effect of parasternal intercostal block on postoperative wound infection, pain, and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang databases were extensively queried using a computer, and randomised controlled studies (RCTs) from the inception of each database to July 2023 were sought using keywords in English and Chinese language. Literature quality was assessed using Cochrane‐recommended tools, and the included data were collated and analysed using Stata 17.0 software for meta‐analysis. Ultimately, eight RCTs were included. Meta‐analysis revealed that utilising parasternal intercostal block during cardiac surgery significantly reduced postoperative wound pain (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −1.01, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −1.70 to −0.31, p = 0.005) and significantly shortened hospital stay (SMD = −0.40, 95% CI: −0.77 to −0.04, p = 0.029), though it may increase the risk of wound infection (OR = 5.03, 95% CI:0.58–44.02, p = 0.144); however, the difference was not statistically significant. The application of parasternal intercostal block during cardiac surgery can significantly reduce postoperative pain and shorten hospital stay. This approach is worth considering for clinical implementation. Decisions regarding its adoption should be made in conjunction with the relevant clinical indices and surgeon's experience.
Neprilysin inhibitors and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A future perspective
Authors: Ali Naif H. , Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Alnaaim Saud A. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Khalifa Asmaa A. , Saad Hebatallah M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with multifaceted neuropathological disorders. AD is characterized by intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated tau proteins and extracellular deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ). Various protease enzymes, including neprilysin (NEP), are concerned with the degradation and clearance of Aβ. Indeed, a defective neuronal clearance pathway due to the dysfunction of degradation enzymes might be a possible mechanism for the accumulation of Aβ and subsequent progression of AD neuropathology. NEP is one of the most imperative metalloproteinase enzymes involved in the clearance of Aβ. This review aimed to highlight the possible role of NEP inhibitors in AD. The combination of sacubitril and valsartan which is called angiotensin receptor blocker and NEP inhibitor (ARNI) may produce beneficial and deleterious effects on AD neuropathology. NEP inhibitors might increase the risk of AD by the inhibition of Aβ clearance, and increase brain bradykinin (BK) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), which augment the pathogenesis of AD. These verdicts come from animal model studies, though they may not be applied to humans. However, clinical studies revealed promising safety findings regarding the use of ARNI. Moreover, NEP inhibition increases various neuroprotective peptides involved in inflammation, glucose homeostasis and nerve conduction. Also, NEP inhibitors may inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression, ameliorating insulin and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) levels. These findings proposed that NEP inhibitors may have a protective effect against AD development by increasing GLP‐1, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P, and deleterious effects by increasing brain BK. Preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
In vitro digestibility of carbohydrates and physicochemical properties of pearl millet and corn whole grain flour extrudates
Authors: dos Santos Thaís Barbosa , Chávez Davy William Hidalgo , Mellinger Caroline Grassi , de Carvalho Carlos Wanderlei Piler 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAiming to encourage the use of pearl millet whole grain processed by extrusion to develop ready‐to‐eat and pre‐cooked flours with health‐promoting values, pearl millet whole grain (ADRg 9070 hybrid) and commercial corn whole grain flours were individually single‐screw extruded at different moisture contents (11%, 14%, 17%, 20%, and 23%). The physicochemical properties and in vitro carbohydrate digestibility were studied. By increasing moisture content from 11% to 23%, the pearl millet whole extrudates showed an increase in radial expansion from 1.2% to 1.8%, respectively, in the extrudates obtained at 11%–20% moisture; contrasting with corn whole extrudates. In addition, pearl millet flours extruded at 14% and 20% moisture content, respectively, were superior with 12% and 32% more fiber as well as 20% and 18% more protein, and showed about 20% less in vitro digestion of carbohydrates in both extruded pearl millet flours compared to corn. Therefore, the effects on pearl millet extrusion were favorable to obtain high nutritional value in extruded pearl millet flours.Practical applicationsPearl millet whole grain can be processed by single screw extrusion cooking at varied moisture content to produce distinct expanded extrudates. Technologically, extruded pearl millet flours are capable of obtaining different viscosities (associated with processing moisture) and can be better used in the development of products that require specific viscosities. Furthermore, pearl millet whole grain flour extrusion showed 20% more protein and 32% more fiber, and 20% less in vitro digestibility of carbohydrates than corn whole grain flour extrudates prepared under the same condition.
The nightmare severity index (NSI): A short new multidimensional tool for assessing nightmares
Authors: Geoffroy Pierre A. , Stern Emilie , Maruani Julia , Cornic Renaud , Bazin Balthazar , Clerici Emmanuelle , Ambar Akkaoui Marine , Lopez Régis , Frija Masson Justine , d'Ortho Marie‐Pia , Lejoyeux Michel , Micoulaud Franchi Jean‐Arthur , Couffignal Camille 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThis psychometric pilot study aims to evaluate a new multidimensional simple scale, named the nightmare severity index (NSI) – close to the existing insomnia (ISI) and hypersomnia (HSI) severity indexes. The NSI encompasses all main dimensions of nightmare disorder, evaluating four subdimensions: frequency, emotional impact, diurnal impact, and nocturnal impact of nightmares. The NSI was completed by a total of 102 patients. The majority of the population consisted of women (64%) and outpatient individuals (76%) diagnosed with mood disorders such as depression (31%) and bipolar disorder (41%). Comorbidity with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was prevalent (44%), and psychotropic medications were commonly used (47%). Internal validity analyses indicated that the NSI was well suited for exploratory factor analysis. All items demonstrated satisfactory correlations with the factors, and the questionnaire exhibited good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.7). Higher NSI scores were observed among individuals experiencing nightmare symptoms considering the DSM‐5/ICSD‐3 criteria. In summary, the NSI proves to be a promising and valuable tool for clinical practice, demonstrating good acceptability, internal validity, and the ability to assess nightmare severity.
Disagreement & classification in comparative cognitive science
Authors: Boyle Alexandria 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComparative cognitive science often involves asking questions like ‘Do nonhumans have C?’ where C is a capacity we take humans to have. These questions frequently generate unproductive disagreements, in which one party affirms and the other denies that nonhumans have the relevant capacity on the basis of the same evidence. I argue that these questions can be productively understood as questions about natural kinds: do nonhuman capacities fall into the same natural kinds as our own? Understanding such questions in this way has several advantages: it preserves the intuition that these are substantive empirical questions worth asking; it helps us to understand why they so frequently give rise to disagreements of the kind described; and it provides clues about how to diagnose and resolve them.
The absence of bumblebees on an oceanic island blurs the species boundary of two closely related orchids
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Hirota Shun K. , Shitara Takuto , Ishida Kenya , Nakato Narumi , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Suyama Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2023

Summary

Oceanic islands offer valuable natural laboratories for studying evolution. The Izu Islands, with their recent geological origin, provide an exceptional opportunity to explore the initial evolution on oceanic islands. Another noteworthy aspect is the absence of bumblebee species on most Izu Islands.

We used ecological, morphological, and molecular data to investigate the impact of bumblebee absence on the evolution of two closely related orchid species, Goodyera henryi and Goodyera similis, focusing on Kozu Island, the Izu Islands.

Our investigation revealed that while G. henryi exclusively relies on a bumblebee species for pollination on the mainland, G. similis is pollinated by scoliid wasps on both the mainland and the island. Intriguingly, all specimens initially categorized as G. henryi on Kozu Island are hybrids of G. henryi and G. similis, leading to the absence of pure G. henryi distribution on the island. These hybrids are pollinated by the scoliid wasp species that also pollinates G. similis on the island.

The absence of bumblebees might result in sporadic and inefficient pollination of G. henryi by scoliid wasps, consequently promoting hybrid proliferation on the island. Our findings suggest that the absence of bumblebees can blur plant species boundaries.
Changing the global obesity narrative to recognize and reduce weight stigma: A position statement from the World Obesity Federation
Authors: Nutter Sarah , Eggerichs Laura A. , Nagpal Taniya S. , Ramos Salas Ximena , Chin Chea Christine , Saiful Shubo , Ralston Johanna , Barata‐Cavalcanti Olivia , Batz Claudia , Baur Louise A. , Birney Susie , Bryant Sheree , Buse Kent , Cardel Michelle I. , Chugh Aastha , Cuevas Ada , Farmer Mychelle , Ibrahim Allison , Kataria Ishu , Kotz Catherine , Kyle Ted , le Brocq Sara , Mooney Vicki , Mullen Clare , Nadglowski Joe , Neveux Margot , Papapietro Karin , Powis Jaynaide , Puhl Rebecca M. , Rea Ruanova Bernardo , Saunders Jessica F. , Stanford Fatima Cody , Stephen Ogweno , Tham Kwang Wei , Urudinachi Agbo , Vejar‐Renteria Lesly , Walwyn Danielle , Wilding John , Yusop Saifullah 
Published: October 2023

SummaryWeight stigma, defined as pervasive misconceptions and stereotypes associated with higher body weight, is both a social determinant of health and a human rights issue. It is imperative to consider how weight stigma may be impeding health promotion efforts on a global scale. The World Obesity Federation (WOF) convened a global working group of practitioners, researchers, policymakers, youth advocates, and individuals with lived experience of obesity to consider the ways that global obesity narratives may contribute to weight stigma. Specifically, the working group focused on how overall obesity narratives, food and physical activity narratives, and scientific and public‐facing language may contribute to weight stigma. The impact of weight stigma across the lifespan was also considered. Taking a global perspective, nine recommendations resulted from this work for global health research and health promotion efforts that can help to reduce harmful obesity narratives, both inside and outside health contexts.