bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of primary tumor volumes in advanced T‐staged nasopharyngeal tumors
Authors: Chang Cheng‐Chuan , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Liu Mu‐Tai , Wu Hwa‐Koon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundTumor volume is an important prognostic factor in patients with malignancy treated with primary radiotherapy. It is necessary to have a clear understanding of the nasopharyngeal primary tumor volume and the treatment outcome, especially in the advanced T‐staged tumors.MethodsFrom 1994–1996, 76 newly diagnosed patients with advanced T‐staged nasopharyngeal carcinomas who were treated with high‐dose radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy were included in this study. CT‐derived primary tumor volume was obtained after the summation of area technique.ResultsThe median primary tumor volume was 29.6 mL in T3 disease and 54.1 mL in T4 disease, with a range of 8.0–131.8 in T3 disease, and 6.7–223.1 ml in T4 disease. Large primary tumor volume was associated with a significantly poor disease‐specific survival (p < .0001), whereas the T stage carried no prognostic significance (p = .43).ConclusionsIn advanced T‐staged (T3 and T4) nasopharyngeal tumors, a substantial variation of primary tumor volume was present within the same T stage, and primary tumor volume represented a more important prognostic factor for treatment outcome. Volumetric measurements of primary tumors in advanced nasopharyngeal tumors would refine the TNM staging system. Patients with large primary tumor volume should be treated more aggressively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 940–946, 2002
Measurement of evapotranspiration in a winter wheat field
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Changming , Shen Yanjun , Kondoh A. , Tang Changyuan , Tanaka T. , Shimada J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDaily evapotranspiration from a winter wheat field on the North China Plain measured by large‐scale weighing lysimeter was linearly related to that measured by the Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) technique. Soil evaporation averaged about 23·6% of evapotranspiration from the post‐winter dormancy revival stage to the grain ripening stage in 1999. On clear days during winter dormancy, about half of the net radiation flux Rn was used to warm soil. During the revival stage, conductive heat flux G also used most of the incoming Rn, but the ratio of latent heat flux λE to Rn increased. During the stem‐extension stage, λE was about 50% of Rn; thereafter, λE/Rn increased continually, but G remained less than 10% of Rn. During the ripening stage, λE was almost 90% of Rn. Evaporative fraction (EF) can be expressed as a function of plant status and atmospheric boundary layer conditions. The relationship between EF and available energy under moderate air temperature and vapour pressure deficit conditions was examined for five combinations of aerodynamic and canopy conductance. Although the theoretical relationship indicates that EF should be highly correlated to soil water content, the correlation has been difficult to identify under field conditions. However, we observed that there exists a threshold value of Rn − G, above which EF is less than 1·0, and that the threshold value is lower under soil‐water deficit conditions than under abundant soil‐water conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic value of the quantitative measurement of the oncoprotein p185Her‐2/neu in a group of patients with breast cancer and positive node involvement
Authors: Bohn Uriel , Aguiar José , Bilbao Cristina , Murias Adolfo , Vega Victor , Chirino Ricardo , Díaz‐Chico Nicolas , Díaz‐Chico Juan C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOur study attempts to determine the prognostic value of the quantitative measurement of the oncoprotein p185Her‐2/neu in a group of patients with breast cancer and positive node involvement. In a series of 217 patients with breast cancer and positive nodes in whom the oncoprotein p185 was quantitatively determined by ELISA, we analyzed the clinico‐pathological variables including age, menopausal status, tumor size, number of affected nodes, type and histology grade and the molecular variables such as the oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively), pS2 and Cathepsin D (CD). Using 260 fmol/mg protein as a cut‐off point, 18% of the tumors presented as overexpressing p185. The p185 showed no relationship with any of the clinico‐pathological variables studied except that its concentration was elevated in ductal and lobular histology types and in the moderate and poorly differentiated histology grades. With a median follow‐up of 50 months (range 1–90), the univariate analysis of disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) showed that the histology grade, tumor size, the number of infiltrated nodes, the p185 and the ER were the variables associated with the clinical course of the disease in the patients. In the multivariate analysis, however, only the tumor size, number of affected ganglia, the p185 and the ER remained associated with the clinical progression of the disease. The patients with p185 overexpression had a risk, not only of relapse but also death from the disease, of more than twice that of the patients who had normal p185 concentrations. When the p185 was divided into 3 categories based on ±1 × SD above or below the mean, the patients with high and low p185 showed, in the univariate analysis, a similar relationship with DFS but not with OS. In the multivariate analysis, both with the DFS as with the OS, only a high p185 concentration retained its association with the clinical course of the disease in the patients. Our results suggest that by quantitatively determining (using ELISA) the p185 oncoprotein, groups of cancer patients of high risk could be better identified for more effective clinical management. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schedule dependence of combretastatin A4 phosphate in transplanted and spontaneous tumour models
Authors: Hill Sally A. , Chaplin David J. , Lewis Gemma , Tozer Gillian M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTubulin depolymerizing drugs that selectively disrupt tumour‐associated vasculature have recently been identified. The lead drug in this class, combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), has just completed Phase I clinical trial. Previous studies have focussed on the effects of single drug doses and have demonstrated little or no retardation of tumour growth when CA4P is used alone, but significant benefit when it is combined with conventional treatment. We have investigated the effects of multiple daily or twice daily dosing with CA4P on the vascular function, cell survival and growth of syngeneic and spontaneous breast cancers in mice. In both transplanted and spontaneous tumours significant growth retardation is observed if CA4P is administered daily (10 doses × 50 mg/kg), whereas no significant effects are seen if the same total dose (500 mg/kg) is administered as a single bolus injection. This effect is attributed, at least in part, to anti‐proliferative effects on the tumour and endothelial cells, which retard the revascularisation and repopulation of the tumour core that is initially necrosed by the drug treatment. Further investigation of dose scheduling showed that the initial anti‐vascular effects of CA4P are enhanced by administering the drug in 2 equal doses separated between 2 and 6 hr. The twice daily dosing schedule (25 mg/kg twice a day) produced increased growth retardation compared to the 50 mg/kg once a day schedule in the transplanted CaNT tumour. It did not do so in the spontaneous T138 tumour model. These studies indicate that the potential anti‐tumour activity of CA4P when used as a single agent in clinical trials may be enhanced when used in multiple dose schedules. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vegetables, fruit and risk of gastric cancer in Japan: A 10‐year follow‐up of the JPHC study Cohort I
Authors: Kobayashi Minatsu , Tsubono Yoshitaka , Sasazuki Shizuka , Sasaki Satoshi , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   JPHC Study Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe association between vegetables and fruit consumption and gastric cancer risk was investigated in a population‐based prospective study in 4 public health center areas in Japan. Dietary and other exposure data were obtained in 1990 from a cohort of 19,304 men and 20,689 women with a self‐administered questionnaire. After 10 years of follow‐up, a total of 404 cases of gastric cancer were documented among them. After adjustment for age, gender, areas and other potential confounding factors and after exclusion of the cases diagnosed in first and second follow‐up years, the relative risk associated with intake 1 or more days per week compared to less than 1 day per week was 0.64 (95% CI 0.45–0.92) for yellow vegetable, 0.48 (95% CI 0.25–0.89) for white vegetable and 0.70 (95% CI 0.49–1.00) for fruit. Relative risks associated with quintile of total vegetable consumption were 1.00, 0.86, 0.75, 0.90 and 0.75 (p for trend = 0.17). In the differentiated type of gastric cancer, the association became clearer: 1.00, 0.96, 0.78, 0.88 and 0.53 (p for trend = 0.03). This prospective study suggests that vegetable and fruit intake, even in low amounts, is associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer. Although no striking differences in the association were seen between cardia and noncardia cancer, an inverse association was higher in differentiated rather than in undifferentiated types of gastric cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HDLG5/KIAA0583, encoding a MAGUK‐family protein, is a primary progesterone target gene in breast cancer cells
Authors: Purmonen Sami , Ahola Tytti M. , Pennanen Pasi , Aksenov Nickolai , Zhuang Ya‐Hua , Tuohimaa Pentti , Ylikomi Timo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe steroid hormone progesterone is known to have profound effects on growth and differentiation of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. The biologic actions of progesterone are exerted through the nuclear progesterone receptor‐mediated control of target gene transcription. We utilized differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD‐RT‐PCR) to identify genes whose expression is altered in response to progestins in cultured breast cancer cells. Here we report identification of a gene encoding a member of the MAGUK protein family, hDlg5 (also known as KIAA0583 and P‐dlg), as being the primary progestin target gene in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis showed a rapid and strong upregulation of hDlg5 mRNA in cells treated with synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the presence of estrogen in MCF‐7, T47D and ZR‐75‐1 cells. The induction was abrogated by antiprogestin RU486. hDlg5 mRNA was also upregulated by progesterone, R5020 and dexamethasone. Protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide failed to block progestin‐mediated induction of the hDlg5 gene. hDlg5 is a member of the growing family of MAGUKs (membrane‐associated guanylate kinase homologs) and is to our knowledge the first member of the family reported to be hormonally regulated. hDlg5 is one of the human homologs of the Drosophila gene dlg [lethal(1)discs‐large], which was initially identified as a tumor suppressor gene. The Dlg has a well‐established role in cell growth control and maintenance of cell adhesion and cell polarity. Domain profile analysis revealed that hDlg5 has 2 additional PDZ domains than previously reported. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo effect of 5‐ and 8‐methoxypsoralens and cimetidine on R,S‐warfarin metabolism in rat
Authors: Szutowski Mirosław M. , Łukasik Marcin , Wawer Zbigniew T. , Chrobak Katarzyna , Michalska Marta , Borzȩcka Katarzyna , Brzeziński Jacek 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral forms of cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) metabolize R,S‐warfarin in a regio‐ and enantioselective manner, therefore R,S‐warfarin can be recognized as a metabolic probe for a number of CYP isoforms. We have applied a warfarin model in vivo in order to estimate the inhibitory properties of 5‐ and 8‐methoxypsoralens on the activity of rat CYP isoforms. The area under the serum concentration versus time curve (AUC) values from time zero to 5 h for R‐ and S‐warfarin and their metabolites were calculated. R,S‐Warfarin kinetics measurements were made three times on each rat: a week before the 7‐days inhibitor treatment, 3 h after the last dose of inhibitor and 3–7 days after the inhibitor was withdrawn. The inhibitory effect of cimetidine on CYP 2C11 and CYP 2C6 activities was confirmed in this approach and can be recognized as a positive control in validation of the in vivo experiment. Both 5‐ and 8‐methoxypsoralen inhibited CYP 2C6 activity as the respective AUC for metabolite/warfarin enantiomer ratio decreased significantly. The activity of CYP 2C6 in 5‐ and 8‐methoxypsoralen‐treated rats increased over control values after the inhibitor was withdrawn. It was also observed that cimetidine additionally inhibits the absorption of R,S‐warfarin and a decrease in the sum of AUC for R‐ and S‐enantiomers became evident in spite of inhibition of the activity of both CYPs. 5‐Methoxypsoralen modified the serum R‐warfarin/S‐warfarin ratio and a selective increase in AUCS−warfarin was observed, the most pronounced being after the inhibitor was withdrawn. This effect is not likely to be mediated by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) because quinidine—, a P‐gp inhibitor at a dose of 15 mg kg−1 body wt.—did not influence the AUC for either enantiomer. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of thyroid hormone on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride mediated inhibitory effects on blood acetylcholinesterase: An in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Banerjee Mitali , Ray Arun K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel phenomenon of protective counteraction by thyroid hormone has been demonstrated in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHH) induced insult on blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activity, in both, in vivo and in vitro conditions. Injection of PHH (20 μg/g) to juvenile male rats for three consecutive days caused a 48% decrease (p < 0.001) in the total blood AChE activity on the third day (i.e. 24 h after injections for three consecutive days) in comparison to the control animals. Simultaneous injections of thyroxine (T4) 1 or 2 μg/g with PHH (20 μg/g) showed a recovery in AChE activity by 27% (p < 0.02) and 55% (p < 0.001), respectively, in comparison to the only PHH‐injected animals. T4 at 1, 2 and 4 μg/g doses showed unchanged levels in comparison to the untreated controls. In our in vitro system, incubations of the RBCs in PHH (2 mM) containing medium also showed an inhibition of 44% (p < 0.001) of the RBC membrane AChE activity in comparison to the control conditions. A recovery of 23–81% of the enzyme activity was observed after simultaneous use of T4 (1 nM–100 nM) or T3 (0.1 nM–100 nM), or triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) (100 nM) with PHH (2 mM) in a dose‐dependent manner with a potency profile of T3 > T4 > TRIAC. Incubation of RBCs only with T4, T3, or TRIAC at 0.1–100 nM concentration did not cause any alteration in the membrane AChE activity in comparison to control conditions. Thus, thyroid hormone distinctly demonstrated a counteraction or protective nature of action on the PHH‐induced inhibition of total blood and RBC membrane AChE activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:162–168, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10039
Gene expression for a novel protein RGPR‐p117 in various species: The stimulation by intracellular signaling factors
Authors: Misawa Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Masayoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe presence and expression for the gene encoding a novel regucalcin gene promoter region‐related protein (RGPR‐p117) in various species was investigated by using Southern “zoo blot” and Northern hybridization analyses. A “zoo blot” analysis demonstrated that RGPR‐p117 gene was widely conserved in various species including human, rat, mouse, dog, cow, pig, rabbit, chicken, fish, C. elegans and yeast. The gene was not found in Xenopus. Northern blot analysis showed that RGPR‐p117 mRNA was expressed in the liver of human, rat, mouse, and rabbit as a single mRNA of ∼4.5 kb, respectively. However, homologous mRNA was not found in the liver of Xenopus. The expression of RGPR‐p117 mRNA in liver was clearly enhanced 5 h after a single intraperitoneal administration of CaCl2 (5 mg Ca2+/100 g body weight) to rats. The RGPR‐p117 mRNA is also expressed in the cloned H4‐II‐E rat hepatoma cells, although this expression was weak as compared with that of liver tissues. Moreover, the RGPR‐p117 mRNA expression in H4‐II‐E cells was stimulated in the presence of dibutyryl cAMP, PMA, insulin, 17β‐estradiol, or serum in culture medium. The present study demonstrates that the RGPR‐p117 gene is conserved in various species, and that its expression is stimulated by intracellular signaling factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 188–193, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationships between lifestyle factors and neutrophil functions in the elderly
Authors: Tsukamoto Kazumasa , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Machida Kazuhiko , Saiki Chinatsu , Murayama Rumiko , Sugita Minoru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the relationships between neutrophil functions and lifestyle factors in the elderly. The subjects (84 males, 73.9±5.8 years old; and 63 females, 70.0±4.6 years old) belonged to a recreational seniors club in Japan. Investigations of the subjects' stress, exercise habits, smoking habits, and alcohol‐drinking habits were performed. The phagocytosis and superoxide productivity of the neutrophils were measured with a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. In addition, leukocyte counts and serum total protein (TP) levels were determined. The results revealed that aging, high serum levels, and stress‐coping factors (e.g., having hobbies, keeping pets, and close links with friends or family) significantly correlated with preferable neutrophil functions. In addition, significant effects of lifestyle factors on the balance between phagocytosis and subsequent superoxide production were observed. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that there are correlations between neutrophil functions and lifestyle factors in the elderly. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:266–272, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How psychotherapy integration can complement the scientist‐practitioner model
Authors: Lampropoulos Georgios K. , Spengler Paul M. , Dixon David N. , Nicholas Donald R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article aims to integrate the two separate bodies of literature in Psychotherapy Integration (PI) and the Scientist‐Practitioner (S‐P) model. Based on an examination and synthesis of the main ideas from the two fields, it illustrates that, although developed separately, these movements are compatible and they complement each other. After describing the historical, empirical, and conceptual relationship of the two movements, the implications of this relationship for psychotherapy are outlined and recommendations are offered. PI is conceptualized as a key ingredient in the optimal expression of the S‐P model, which can address several difficulties in the actualization of the model. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1227–1240, 2002.
What is a scientist‐practitioner anyway?
Authors: Stricker George 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe scientist‐practitioner model is the dominant approach to training in clinical psychology, but it is more readily realized in theory than in practice. The articles in this series consider ways to make research more accessible to the practitioner in a realistic and helpful manner, and to allow practitioners to influence the course of research. Many innovative models are described, and they converge on a high value placed on methodological pluralism. Many of the authors, explicitly or implicitly, endorse psychotherapy integration, and also portray a practitioner who bears resemblance to the local clinical scientist. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 1277–1283, 2002.
Psychological sense of community in Australia and the challenges of change
Authors: Fisher Adrian T. , Sonn Christopher C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSocial change is a phenomenon experienced in all societies, whether from gradual passages and time and interaction with other groups, or through the more immediate impacts such as war, invasion, or physical catastrophe. How societies manage change indicates much about their abilities to survive and the type of social cohesion that will be evidenced. In this article, the authors investigate the use of common symbols and shared history as ways of either maintaining social identity and moving with change, or using them in negative ways to resist change. The case study of immigration to Australia is used to demonstrate that members of the community are able to identify a series of salient identity markers—whether they wish to accept all of them or not—as the types of knowledge that all members share. Many of the markers reflect decades of passed history, but are seen as foundational to Australia today. Although they are core to identity, they are the types of symbols that are grasped as a lifestyle under threat by those who are newcomers. Often the markers are there as more unconscious constructions, to be evoked at times of high emotion to indicate what must be “saved” for current ideas to survive. The authors discuss the meanings of these markers as ways in which the identity of members of the community has been established. But these are seen as reminders, or glorifications, of the past, and how such markers are able to be captured and (mis)used by narrow populist and extremist interest groups. The challenge of managing change is how to build forward, maintaining those markers of real social value, and incorporating the new ones that are brought by newcomers, and those that are developed together. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent extraction separation of vanadium(V) from multivalent metal chloride solutions using 2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester
Authors: Jayadas Saji , Reddy Mundlapudi Lakshmipathi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe solvent extraction behaviour of vanadium(V) from hydrochloric acid solutions has been investigated using 2‐ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA ≡ HX) in kerosene as an extractant. For comparison, extraction studies have also been carried out with vanadium(IV). The results demonstrate that the extraction of vanadium(V) follows the cation exchange mechanism:

where (HX)2 refers to the dimeric form of EHEHPA. On the other hand, two dimeric molecules of EHEHPA were found to be involved in the extracted complex of vanadium(IV):

The equilibrium constants of the above extracted complexes have been calculated and found to be Kex,V(V) = 3.14 and Kex,V(IV) = 0.32. The effect of the nature of the diluent on the extraction of vanadium(V) with EHEHPA has been studied and correlated with the dielectric constants. IR spectral studies of the extracted complex were used to further clarify the nature of the extracted complex. The separation and recovery possibilities of vanadium(V) from other associated metal ions, viz magnesium(II), aluminium(III), titanium(IV), chromium(III), manganese(II) and iron(III), which are present in the waste chloride liquors from the processing of titanium minerals, are also discussed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry