bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Cardiac Conduction Block Disease in China
Authors: Liu Peipei , Wang Yanxiu , Zhang Xiaofu , Zhang Zihao , Zhao NaiHui , Ou Wenli , Wang Guodong , Yang Xuemei , Li Man , Zhang Yaya , Yang Xiuhong , Wu Shouling 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceAlthough a high body mass index (BMI) has been found to be associated with increased risk of cardiac conduction block (CCB) in older adults, no further studies have investigated the association between obesity and CCB in the general population.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between obesity and CCB, including its subtypes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from participants in the Kailuan Study in China (2006-2018) who had completed a physical examination in 2006 (baseline) and had not experienced CCB before baseline. Data analysis was conducted from March to September 2023.ExposuresObesity status was defined by BMI in 3 groups: normal weight (18.5 to &amp;lt;24), overweight (24 to &amp;lt;28), and obesity (≥28).Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was CCB, which was diagnosed from standard 12-lead electrocardiography. The primary end point included high-grade atrioventricular block (HAVB), complete right bundle branch block, complete left bundle branch block, left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and left posterior fascicular block. First-degree atrioventricular block (FAVB), second-degree type 1 AVB, HAVB, complete and incomplete right and left bundle branch block, LAFB, and left posterior fascicular block were considered separately as secondary end points.ResultsAmong 86 635 participants (mean [SD] age, 50.8 [11.9] years; 68 205 males [78.7%]), there were 33 259 individuals with normal weight (38.4%), 37 069 individuals with overweight (42.8%), and 16 307 individuals with obesity (18.8%). The mean (SD) follow-up was 10.6 (3.07) years. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of incident CCB (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.42) vs normal BMI. In secondary analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of FAVB (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.21-1.73), HAVB (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03-3.82), and LAFB (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.62) vs normal BMI. There was no association between obesity and other CCB subtypes. Obesity was associated with a greater increase in risk of CCB vs normal BMI in older (aged ≥65 years; HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.96) vs younger (aged &amp;lt;65 years; HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.96-1.34) participants (P for interaction &amp;lt; .001) and those with diabetes (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.24-3.76) vs without diabetes (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) (P for interaction = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that obesity was associated with an increased risk of CCB, with greater increases in risk for FAVB, HAVB, and LAFB. Individuals who were older and those who had diabetes had larger increases in risk.
Regional Vulnerability Indices in Youth With Persistent and Distressing Psychoticlike Experiences
Authors: Karcher Nicole R. , Modi Hailey , Kochunov Peter , Gao Si , Barch Deanna M. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceDistressing and persistent psychoticlike experiences (PLEs) in youth are associated with greater odds of developing psychiatric conditions in adulthood. Despite this risk, it is unclear whether early PLEs show similar brain patterns compared with adults with psychiatric and neurologic conditions.ObjectiveTo examine the degree to which persistent and distressing PLEs exhibit neural metrics that show similarity to adults with chronic psychiatric and neurologic conditions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study examining the persistence and distress associated with PLEs across the first 3 waves of data with baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Analyzed data were collected between September 1, 2016, and September 27, 2021. Children were recruited from 21 research sites across the US.ExposuresPsychoticlike experiences were assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire–Brief Child Version, and participants were categorized into groups based on the persistence and distress associated with PLEs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCortical and subcortical regional vulnerability indices (RVIs) were created by quantifying the similarity of participants’ baseline neuroimaging measures to the expected patterns found in adult neuropsychiatric samples. The PLE groups were compared on the following RVI cortical and subcortical metrics: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and metabolic diseases.ResultsAnalyses examined PLE groups created from 8242 children in the ABCD sample (52.5% male; mean [SD] age, 9.93 [0.63] years; and 56.3% White), including persistent distressing PLEs (n = 329), transient distressing PLEs (n = 396), persistent nondistressing PLEs (n = 234), transient nondistressing PLEs (n = 390), and low distressing PLEs (n = 6893) groups. Participants with persistent or transient distressing PLEs broadly showed increased subcortical RVI scores across most RVI metrics, with persistent distressing PLEs additionally showing increased scores for cortical RVI metrics. The greatest effect sizes were found for persistent distressing PLEs with cortical RVI-schizophrenia spectrum disorders (β estimate, 1.055; 95% CI, 0.326-1.786) and RVI-Alzheimer disease (β estimate, 2.473; 95% CI, 0.930-4.018).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of ABCD participants, the findings suggest that especially the persistent distressing PLEs in children were associated with neural metrics resembling those observed in adults with severe psychiatric and neurologic conditions. These findings support the potential use of brain-based risk scores for early identification and precision medicine approaches in the assessment of PLEs.
Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Thin Films for Pseudocapacitive Applications
Authors: Yip Benjamin Rui Peng , Javier Vázquez Ricardo , Jiang Yan , McCuskey Samantha R. , Quek Glenn , Ohayon David , Wang Xuehang , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA subclass of organic semiconductors known as conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) is characterized by a conjugated backbone with ionic pendant groups. The water solubility of CPEs typically hinders applications of thin films in aqueous media. Herein, it is reported that films of an anionic CPE, namely CPE‐K, drop cast from water produces single‐component solid‐state pseudocapacitive electrodes that are insoluble in aqueous electrolyte. That X‐ray diffraction experiments reveal a more structurally ordered film, relative to the as‐obtained powder from chemical synthesis, and dynamic light scattering measurements show an increase in aggregate particle size with increasing [KCl] indicate that CPE‐K films are insoluble because of tight interchain contacts and electrostatic screening by the electrolyte. CPE‐K film electrodes can maintain 85% of their original capacitance (84 F g−1) at 500 A g−1 and exhibit excellent cycling stability, where a capacitance retention of 93% after 100 000 cycles at a current density of 35 A g−1. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to use initially water soluble ionic‐organic materials in aqueous electrolytes, by increasing the electrolyte concentration. This strategy can be applied to the application of conjugated polyelectrolytes in batteries, organic electrochemical transistors, and electrochemical sensors, where fast electron and ion transport are required.
Recent Progress in Poly (3,4‐Ethylene Dioxythiophene): Polystyrene Sulfonate Based Composite Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sharma Govind Kumar , Joseph Sneha L , James Nirmala Rachel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent technological developments have made the emission of electromagnetic (EM) radiation a significant source of electromagnetic interference (EMI). These EMIs consist of stray EM radiations that damage and malfunction electronics and telecommunication systems. Scientists have made countless efforts to solve these problems. The demand for EMI shielding materials is fast growing due to the increasing complexity of the EM environment and EMI. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) is an intrinsically conductive polymer that has attracted attention due to its high electrical conductivity, processability, and environmental stability. The use of PEDOT:PSS as a shielding material for EMI is a promising alternative to traditional metal‐based materials. This review provides an overview of different strategies explored for the preparation of PEDOT: PSS‐based composites for EMI shielding and the use of carbonic fillers, metal and metal nanoparticles, magnetic particles, and MXenes in these composites. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed, and future perspectives for the development of PEDOT:PSS composites for EMI shielding are presented. The paper concludes that PEDOT‐PSS‐based composites offer significant potential for the development of lightweight, thin, flexible, and cost‐effective green EMI shielding materials, and continued research in this field can lead to their widespread commercialization and adoption.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes from Propargylic Carbonates through a Borylation‐1,2‐Elimination Process
Authors: Jarava‐Barrera Carlos , Parra Alejandro , Quesada Sergio , Orgaz‐Gordillo Sergio , Fernández de la Pradilla Roberto , Viso Alma , Teresa Javier , Alonso Inés , Tortosa Mariola 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn array of enantioenriched vinyl boronates bearing an allylic carbonate moiety have been prepared through selective hydroboration of propargyl carbonates. Treatment of these vinyl boronates with TBAF in THF affords enantioenriched 1,3‐disubstituted allenes through a novel 1,2‐anti elimination in good yields and high enantiospecificities.
Direct Regenerating Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lan Yuanqi , Li Xinke , Zhou Guangmin , Yao Wenjiao , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Tang Yongbing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecycling cathode materials from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is critical to a sustainable society as it will relief valuable but scarce recourse crises and reduce environment burdens simultaneously. Different from conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, direct regeneration relies on non‐destructive cathode‐to‐cathode mode, and therefore, more time and energy‐saving along with an increased economic return and reduced CO2 footprint. This review retrospects the history of direct regeneration and discusses state‐of‐the‐art development. The reported methods, including high‐temperature solid‐state, hydrothermal/ionothermal, molten salt thermochemistry, and electrochemical method, are comparatively introduced, targeting at illustrating their underlying regeneration mechanism and applicability. Further, representative repairing and upcycling studies on wide‐applied cathodes, including LiCoO2 (LCO), ternary oxides, LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiMn2O4 (LMO), are presented, with an emphasis on milestone cases. Despite these achievements, there remain several critical issues that shall be addressed before the commercialization of the mentioned direct regeneration methods.
Enzyme‐Responsive Branched Glycopolymer‐Based Nanoassembly for Co‐Delivery of Paclitaxel and Akt Inhibitor toward Synergistic Therapy of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Song Xiaohai , Cai Hao , Shi Zhaochen , Li Zhiqian , Zheng Xiuli , Yang Kun , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Hu Jiankun , Luo Kui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCombined chemotherapy and targeted therapy holds immense potential in the management of advanced gastric cancer (GC). GC tissues exhibit an elevated expression level of protein kinase B (AKT), which contributes to disease progression and poor chemotherapeutic responsiveness. Inhibition of AKT expression through an AKT inhibitor, capivasertib (CAP), to enhance cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX) toward GC cells is demonstrated in this study. A cathepsin B‐responsive polymeric nanoparticle prodrug system is employed for co‐delivery of PTX and CAP, resulting in a polymeric nano‐drug BPGP@CAP. The release of PTX and CAP is triggered in an environment with overexpressed cathepsin B upon lysosomal uptake of BPGP@CAP. A synergistic therapeutic effect of PTX and CAP on killing GC cells is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CAP may inhibit AKT expression, leading to suppression of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Encouragingly, CAP can synergize with PTX to exert potent antitumor effects against GC after they are co‐delivered via a polymeric drug delivery system, and this delivery system helped reduce their toxic side effects, which provides an effective therapeutic strategy for treating GC.
Metal‐free Fabrication of Nitrogen‐doped Vertical Graphene on Graphite Felt Electrodes with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transport for High‐performance Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Guo Jincong , Pan Lyuming , Sun Jing , Wei Dongbo , Dai Qiuxia , Xu Junhui , Li Quanlong , Han Meisheng , Wei Lei , Zhao Tianshou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphite felt is commonly used in redox flow batteries, but the low specific surface area and poor catalytic activity cause unsatisfactory mass transfer and reaction kinetics. Here, nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene is in‐situ grown on graphite felt via a metal‐free chemical vapor deposition method, which exhibits a high specific surface area and remarkable catalytic activity due to abundant exposed high‐density sharp graphene edges and nitrogen doping. Multiphysical simulations reveal that the vertical‐standing nanostructure promotes the accessibility of vanadium ions to electrode/electrolyte interfaces, effectively decreasing the mass transport resistance of active species. Density functional theory calculation evidence shows that nitrogen doping aids in the improvement of catalytic activity via boosting vanadium ions’ adsorption and redox. Consequently, the nitrogen‐doped vertical graphene/graphite felt electrode shows an energy efficiency of 87.1% at 200 mA cm−2, significantly higher than that of pristine (65.9%) and air‐oxidize (73.1%) electrodes, an energy efficiency over 80.2% at 300 mA cm−2 during 1500 cycles, and a high‐peak power density of 1308.56 mW cm−2, which are superior to previously reported carbon nanomaterial decorated electrodes for flow batteries. Significantly, the synthesis process only involves gas‐phase reactions without metal catalysts to avoid hydrogen evolution reactions. This work provides an exciting pathway for developing high‐performance electrodes for flow batteries.
Self‐Powered Intelligent Damper Integrated Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Unit for Vibration In Situ Monitoring of Stay Cables
Authors: Zhang Weiqi , Zhang Xiaosong , Yu Yang , Cheng Xiaojun , Li Hengyu , Liu Shiming , Meng Lixia , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMonitoring and controlling the vibration of bridge cables can maintain the health of the bridge structure and prolong the service life. This work proposes a novel self‐powered intelligent damper (SID) integrated triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid unit for vibration in situ monitoring of stay cables. Among them, the sensing function of the SID is realized by an arched membrane triboelectric nanogenerator (AM‐TENG), and the energy harvesting is realized by a three‐phase electromagnetic generator (TP‐EMG). The working principle and performance are investigated. Rotating and linear experimental platforms are built to verify the SID's low‐frequency (0.25–1.50 Hz) performance, including sensing, power generation, and vibration reduction. The experimental result indicates that the fitting vibration speed coefficient of the bridge cable with the AM‐TENG signal frequency is 0.990. In addition, the TP‐EMG achieves a peak power of 1.21 W. At 0.1 A power supply, the SID can output a damping force of 50 N. Finally, an experimental system is constructed to verify the viability of the SID in bridge cable vibration monitoring and vibration reduction. This work provides a feasible solution for further optimizing the bridge structure health monitoring and maintenance system.
Unlocking ion Storage Chemistry in Aqueous Batteries via Operando Smartphone Multispectral Techniques
Authors: Sun Peng , Ji Zhong , Qiu Meijia , Liu Yujin , Han Kai , Chen Naheng , Wang Zhong Lin , Mai Wenjie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of the dynamic charging process and state‐of‐charge inside energy storage systems is crucial for ensuring their sustainable operation. Here, a novel computational multispectral imaging reconstruction (MSIRC) strategy is presented using a smartphone for in situ monitoring of the optical states of aqueous batteries via transparent monitoring window, allowing analysis of ion storage chemistry and real‐time capacity variations. Prussian blue and MnO2 that exhibit significant and subtle color changes during the ion storage process are selected to validate this approach. Time‐domain reconstructed reflectance spectra are capable of selecting the proper wavelength with the largest variation in reconstructed reflectance and precisely monitor the ion storage process of these two materials. This indicates MSIRC's rapidly distinguishing capability between electrodes with unique ion storage mechanisms and great potential in recognizing new materials with unknown mechanisms. Furthermore, the MSIRC technique can perform operando monitoring for several kinds of Zn ion batteries using cathodes with different ion storage mechanisms. These imply the ability of MSIRC to detect the real‐time healthy state of batteries at the device level and judge the inside varying ion storage mechanism.
Self‐Assembled Lithiophilic Interface with Abundant Nickel‐Bis(Dithiolene) Sites Enabling Highly Durable and Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yaoda , Ke Si‐Wen , Qiao Gefei , Liang Junchuan , Zhou Xiaocheng , Song Xinmei , Tie Zuoxiu , Yuan Shuai , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Jin Zhong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and ultralow redox electrochemical potential, the practical application of lithium metal anodes is still hampered by severe dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, a self‐assembled lithiophilic interface (SALI) for regulating Li electroplating behavior is constructed by introducing a meticulously synthesized Ni‐bis(dithiolene)‐based molecule (NiS4‐COOH) into a hybrid fluorinated ester‐ether electrolyte. The NiS4‐COOH molecules with carboxyl functional groups can spontaneously anchor on the Li metal surface to form a SALI, whose abundant Ni‐bis(dithiolene) sites can effectively reduce the initial Li deposition overpotential and guide the subsequent uniform Li electrodeposition. Moreover, due to the interaction between the coordination unsaturated Ni atom and the negatively charged PF6−, the NiS4‐COOH additive can significantly change the ionic coordination environment in the electrolyte, which is greatly conducive to suppressing PF6− decomposition, optimizing SEI composition and accelerating Li‐ion transfer. Consequently, the NiS4‐COOH‐modified electrolyte leads to impressive electrochemical performance of Li||LiFePO4 and Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 batteries, delivering ultrahigh Coulombic efficiencies, considerable capacity retention, and good rate performance even at high areal active material loadings. This study presents the great potential of SALIs derived from multifunctional metal‐organic hybrid electrolyte additives toward high‐specific‐energy Li metal batteries.
Manipulating the Charge Carriers Through Functionally Bridged Components Advances Low‐Cost Organic Solar Cells with Green Solvent Processing
Authors: Dela Peña Top Archie , Ma Ruijie , Luo Yongmin , Xing Zengshan , Wei Qi , Hai Yulong , Li Yao , Garcia Sheena Anne , Yeung King Lun , Jia Tao , Wong Kam Sing , Yan He , Li Gang , Li Mingjie , Wu Jiaying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cell (OSC) development continues to demonstrate impressive device efficiency improvements. However, the materials synthetic simplicity essential to industrialization remains seriously lacking attention, imparting inferior performance records in low‐cost devices. Hence, low bandgap and completely non‐fused electron acceptors (CNFEAs) having simple molecular structures are investigated herein. In contrast to typically explored fused‐ring acceptors with smaller backbone conformational variations, minimizing the interface recombination sites through a greater extent of localized domains is identified as more critical in CNFEAs, leading to remarkable fill factors (FFs) approaching 75%, among the highest currently realized for low‐cost systems. However, this comes with diminishing charge generation efficiency. The general ternary blend optimization strategy modifying the morphology of host components is limited in preserving such remarkably high FFs. To suppress the trade‐off while keeping notable FFs, a new perspective of constructing functionally bridged components based on optical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties is introduced here. Specifically, charge generation is unrestrained from the host acceptor localized domains through the introduction of a “bridge” component while also taking advantage of the configuration to channel polarons toward the efficient transport moieties of the host components. Accordingly, this work incubates understanding‐guided optimizations toward the advancement of more practical devices.
A globally convergent composite‐step trust‐region framework for real‐time optimization
Authors: Zhang Duo , Li Xiang , Wang Kexin , Shao Zhijiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInaccurate models limit the performance of model‐based real‐time optimization (RTO) and even cause system instability. Therefore, a RTO framework that guarantees global convergence in the presence of plant‐model mismatch is desired. In this regard, the trust‐region framework is intuitive and simple to implement for unconstrained problems. Constrained RTO problems are converted to unconstrained ones by the penalty function, and global convergence is guaranteed if the penalty coefficient is large enough. However, a sufficiently large penalty coefficient is hard to determine and may lead to numerical difficulties. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel composite‐step trust‐region framework for constrained RTO problems that handles inequality constraints directly. The trial step is decomposed into a normal step that improves feasibility and a tangential step that reduces the cost function. A rigorous proof of its global convergence property is given.