bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized microscope for non-invasive imaging of leukocyte-endothelial interaction in human microcirculation
Authors: Bagramyan Arutyun , Lin Charles P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present a miniature oblique back-illumination microscope (mOBM) for imaging the microcirculation of human oral mucosa, enabling real-time, label-free phase contrast imaging of individual leukocytes circulating in the bloodstream, as well as their rolling and adhesion on vascular walls—the initial steps in leukocyte recruitment that is a hallmark of inflammation. Using the mOBM system, we studied the leukocyte-endothelial interactions in healthy and locally inflamed tissue and observed drastic changes in leukocyte movement (velocity and displacement profile). Our findings suggest that real-time imaging of leukocyte dynamics can provide new diagnostic insights (assessment of inflammation, temporal progression of disease, evaluation of therapeutic response, etc.) that are not available using conventional static parameters such as cell number and morphology.
Investigating PM2.5 toxicity in highly polluted urban and industrial areas in the Middle East: human health risk assessment and spatial distribution
Authors: Goodarzi Babak , Azimi Mohammadabadi Maryam , Jafari Ahmad Jonidi , Gholami Mitra , Kermani Majid , Assarehzadegan Mohammad-Ali , Shahsavani Abbas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExposure to particulate matter (PM) can be considered as a factor affecting human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of PM2.5 and heavy metals and their influence on survival of A549 human lung cells in exposure to PM2.5 breathing air of Ahvaz city. In order to assess the levels of PM2.5 and heavy metals, air samples were collected from 14 sampling stations positioned across Ahvaz city during both winter and summer seasons. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using ICP OES. Next, the MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was employed to ascertain the survival rate of A549 cells. The findings from this research demonstrated that average PM2.5 of the study period was (149.5 μg/m3). Also, the average concentration of PM2.5 in the urban area in winter and summer was (153.3- and 106.9 μg/m3) and in the industrial area this parameter was (191.6 and 158.3 μg/m3). The average concentration of metals (ng/m3) of urban areas against industrial, Al (493 vs. 485), Fe (536 vs. 612), Cu (198 vs. 212), Ni (128 vs. 129), Cr (48.5 vs. 54), Cd (118 vs. 124), Mn (120 vs. 119), As (51 vs. 67), Hg (37 vs. 50), Zn (302 vs. 332) and Pb (266 vs. 351) were obtained. The results of the MTT assay showed that the highest percentage of cell survival according to the exposure concentration was 25 > 50 > 100 > 200. Also, the lowest percentage of survival (58.8%) was observed in the winter season and in industrial areas with a concentration of 200 μg/ml. The carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals indicated that except for Cr, whose carcinogenicity was 1.32E−03, other metals were in the safe range (10–4–10–6) for human health. The high concentration of PM2.5 and heavy metals can increase respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and reduce the public health level of Ahvaz citizens.
Artificial intelligence and the analysis of cryo-EM data provide structural insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying LN-lamininopathies
Authors: Kulczyk Arkadiusz W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaminins (Lm) are major components of basement membranes (BM), which polymerize to form a planar lattice on cell surface. Genetic alternations of Lm affect their oligomerization patterns and lead to failures in BM assembly manifesting in a group of human disorders collectively defined as Lm N-terminal domain lamininopathies (LN-lamininopathies). We have employed a recently determined cryo-EM structure of the Lm polymer node, the basic repeating unit of the Lm lattice, along with structure prediction and modeling to systematically analyze structures of twenty-three pathogenic Lm polymer nodes implicated in human disease. Our analysis provides the detailed mechanistic explanation how Lm mutations lead to failures in Lm polymerization underlining LN-lamininopathies. We propose the new categorization scheme of LN-lamininopathies based on the insight gained from the structural analysis. Our results can help to facilitate rational drug design aiming in the treatment of Lm deficiencies.
Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants with respiratory score greater than four: a multi-center, prospective, longitudinal cohort study in China
Authors: Xu Yan-ping , Chen Zheng , Dorazio Robert M. , Bai Guan-nan , Du Li-zhong , Shi Li-ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of prematurity involving both pre- and post-natal factors. A large, prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted to determine whether inflammation-related factors are associated with an increased risk of BPD in preterm infants who were born at a gestational age < 32 weeks, < 72 h after birth and respiratory score > 4. The study included infants from 25 participating hospitals in China between March 1, 2020 and March 31, 2022. The primary outcomes were BPD and severity of BPD at 36 weeks post-menstrual age. A total of 1362 preterm infants were enrolled in the study. After exclusion criteria, the remaining 1088 infants were included in this analysis, of whom, 588 (54.0%) infants were in the BPD group and 500 (46.0%) were in the non-BPD group. In the BPD III model, the following six factors were identified: birth weight (OR 0.175, 95% CI 0.060–0.512; p = 0.001), surfactant treatment (OR 8.052, 95% CI 2.658–24.399; p < 0.001), mean airway pressure (MAP) ≥ 12 cm H2O (OR 3.338, 95% CI 1.656–6.728; p = 0.001), late-onset sepsis (LOS) (OR 2.911, 95% CI 1.514–5.599; p = 0.001), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR 18.236, 95% CI 4.700–70.756; p < 0.001) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (OR 2.725, 95% CI 1.182–6.281; p = 0.019). Premature infants remained at high risk of BPD and with regional variation. We found that post-natal inflammation-related risk factors were associated with an increased risk of severe BPD, including LOS, VAP, NEC, MAP ≥ 12 cm H2O and use of surfactant.
Novelty detection in an auditory oddball task on freely moving rats
Authors: Quintela-Vega Laura , Morado-Díaz Camilo J. , Terreros Gonzalo , Sánchez Jazmín S. , Pérez-González David , Malmierca Manuel S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe relative importance or saliency of sensory inputs depend on the animal’s environmental context and the behavioural responses to these same inputs can vary over time. Here we show how freely moving rats, trained to discriminate between deviant tones embedded in a regular pattern of repeating stimuli and different variations of the classic oddball paradigm, can detect deviant tones, and this discriminability resembles the properties that are typical of neuronal adaptation described in previous studies. Moreover, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) latency decreases after training, a finding consistent with the notion that animals develop a type of plasticity to auditory stimuli. Our study suggests the existence of a form of long-term memory that may modulate the level of neuronal adaptation according to its behavioural relevance, and sets the ground for future experiments that will help to disentangle the functional mechanisms that govern behavioural habituation and its relation to neuronal adaptation.
Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity
Authors: Delavaux Camille S. , LaManna Joseph A. , Myers Jonathan A. , Phillips Richard P. , Aguilar Salomón , Allen David , Alonso Alfonso , Anderson-Teixeira Kristina J. , Baker Matthew E. , Baltzer Jennifer L. , Bissiengou Pulchérie , Bonfim Mariana , Bourg Norman A. , Brockelman Warren Y. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Chang Li-Wan , Chen Yang , Chiang Jyh-Min , Chu Chengjin , Clay Keith , Cordell Susan , Cortese Mary , den Ouden Jan , Dick Christopher , Ediriweera Sisira , Ellis Erle C. , Feistner Anna , Freestone Amy L. , Giambelluca Thomas , Giardina Christian P. , Gilbert Gregory S. , He Fangliang , Holík Jan , Howe Robert W. , Huaraca Huasca Walter , Hubbell Stephen P. , Inman Faith , Jansen Patrick A. , Johnson Daniel J. , Kral Kamil , Larson Andrew J. , Litton Creighton M. , Lutz James A. , Malhi Yadvinder , McGuire Krista , McMahon Sean M. , McShea William J. , Memiaghe Hervé , Nathalang Anuttara , Norden Natalia , Novotny Vojtech , O’Brien Michael J. , Orwig David A. , Ostertag Rebecca , Parker Geoffrey G. , Pérez Rolando , Reynolds Glen , Russo Sabrina E. , Sack Lawren , Šamonil Pavel , Sun I-Fang , Swanson Mark E. , Thompson Jill , Uriarte Maria , Vandermeer John , Wang Xihua , Ware Ian , Weiblen George D. , Wolf Amy , Wu Shu-Hui , Zimmerman Jess K. , Lauber Thomas , Maynard Daniel S. , Crowther Thomas W. , Averill Colin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOne mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.
Transcriptional regulation and overexpression of GST cluster enhances pesticide resistance in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Jin Minghui , Peng Yan , Peng Jie , Zhang Huihui , Shan Yinxue , Liu Kaiyu , Xiao Yutao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe rapid evolution of resistance in agricultural pest poses a serious threat to global food security. However, the mechanisms of resistance through metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we found that a GST gene cluster was strongly selected in North China (NTC) population, and it was significantly genetically-linked to lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Knockout of the GST cluster using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased the sensitivity of the knockout strain to lambda-cyhalothrin. Haplotype analysis revealed no non-synonymous mutations or structural variations in the GST cluster, whereas GST_119 and GST_121 were significantly overexpressed in the NTC population. Silencing of GST_119 or co-silencing of GST_119 and GST_121 with RNAi significantly increased larval sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin. We also identified additional GATAe transcription factor binding sites in the promoter of NTC_GST_119. Transient expression of GATAe in Hi5 cells activated NTC_GST_119 and Xinjiang (XJ)_GST_119 transcription, but the transcriptional activity of NTC_GST_119 was significantly higher than that of XJ_GST_119. These results demonstrate that variations in the regulatory region result in complex expression changes in the GST cluster, which enhances lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in field-populations. This study deepens our knowledge of the evolutionary mechanism of pest adaptation under environmental stress and provides potential targets for monitoring pest resistance and integrated management.
Triggered metabolism of adenosine triphosphate as an explanation for the chemical heterogeneity of heterotopic ossification
Authors: Sui Cong , Robinson Thomas E. , Williams Richard L. , Eisenstein Neil M. , Grover Liam M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHeterotopic ossification (HO), the pathological formation of bone in soft tissues, is a debilitating condition, as well as one of the few instances of de novo bone formation in adults. Chemical mapping of HO tissue showed distinct islands of calcium phosphate within phosphate-deficient, calcium-rich regions, suggesting a transition to apatitic bone mineral from a non-phosphatic precursor. The transition of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), a generally suggested bone-mineral precursor, in physiological conditions was thus investigated. Here, we show that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), present in high amounts in forming bone, stabilised ACC for weeks in physiological conditions and that enzymatic degradation of ATP triggered rapid crystallisation into apatite, through an amorphous calcium phosphate phase. It is suggested that this localised enzymatic degradation could explain the chemical heterogeneity seen in HO and may also represent a pathway to physiological bone mineralisation.
Decentralized trustworthiness score management with smart contracts on the trustlend platform
Authors: Uriawan Wisnu , Badr Youakim , Hasan Omar , Brunie Lionel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe personal lending marketplace, known as Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) lending, has increased globally. However, providing unsecured loans to peers without requiring collateral remains a challenge. A platform called TrustLend is proposed to enable trustworthy transactions in the personal lending application. The platform attempts to eliminate or minimize the collateral requirement. The trustworthiness score adds to this platform's variable selection rules and can help lenders decide on reliable candidates as borrowers. The prototype implementing the TrustLend platform based on Ethereum smart contracts that use the trustworthiness score is also described and it is illustrated with a Decentralized Application (DApp) case study and customized smart contracts. The prototype demonstrates fundamental features and supports borrowers, lenders, and recommenders in establishing proposals and approvals. Finally, the prototype shows how end‐users can easily access loans with reduced collateral without hidden costs and swift transactions.
Resilient control design for large‐scale networked control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Chen Guoliang , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhichuang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the exponential stability and the resilient state feedback controller design for large‐scale networked control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks. The duration of each denial‐of‐service attack is captured by a logical processor embedded in the controller. The closed‐loop system of periodic sampled‐data control is modelled as an aperiodic sampled‐data control system associated with lower and upper bounds on the duration of the denial‐of‐service attack. Two formal results are demonstrated. The first result is the stability criterion for large‐scale networked control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks obtained by constructing a two‐sided mode‐dependent loop‐based Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional under the action of a prediction‐based controller. The second result presents a criterion based on linear matrix inequalities to design the controller against denial‐of‐service attacks. In particular, iterative algorithms are given for computing the allowable delay upper bound for the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the interconnected power systems of the two areas.
A survey of networked microgrid operation under the transactive energy paradigm
Authors: Zhang Kai , Subramanian Lalitha , Yao Weitao , Wu Jiyan , Zhang Siyue , Troitzsch Sebastian , Massier Tobias , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive review of networked micro‐grid (NMG) operations under the transactive energy paradigm. Specifically, we aimed to identify and analyse the key aspects of transactive NMG models, including operational scenarios, ownership models, transactive operation designs, prosumer behaviour, and business models. This is accompanied by a review of real‐world applications and analysis of current research trends. With several research gaps identified, this study provides different views on the challenges in mathematical modelling and real‐world deployment of NMG.
Plasmonic refractive index nano sensor based on triplet coupled stub resonators based Fano resonances
Authors: Moeinimaleki Babak , Kaatuzian Hassan , Mallah Livani Abdolber , Modabberanbeh Mohammadmahdi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFano resonance arises from the superposition of a narrow discrete resonance with a continuous state. In this paper, a Fano resonance‐based plasmonic refractive index sensor based on nanoscale metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) waveguides is proposed and evaluated by applying the two‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain (2D FDTD) method. An MIM‐based single stub vertically attached to an MIM waveguide is considered as the unit cell of the waveguide system of the proposed structure. A transfer matrix of transmission and coupling complex coefficients is defined for the unit cell of the waveguide system of the proposed sensor, and the conditions for the authenticity of its modeling based on the transmission line theory are evaluated. A system of triplet coupled stub resonators (TCSRs) attached to an MIM waveguide is coupled with a disk resonator to induce Fano resonances in the transmission spectrum of the sensor. Fano resonance and its characteristics are utilized to improve the essential operating parameters of the sensor, such as full width at half maximum (FWHM) and figure of merit (FOM). In optimized conditions, for the system of TCSRs coupled to a disk resonator, a resonance with a sensitivity of 684 nm/RIU and an FOM of 621.8 1/RIU exhibited. Also, for the system of TCSRs coupled to a ring resonator, a resonance with a sensitivity of 3524 nm/RIU and an FOM of 35.24 1/RIU was achieved. Eventually, the numerically achieved results for the operating parameters of the sensor are validated using governing analytical methods.
Harmonic filtering and fault ride‐through of diode rectifier unit and modular multilevel converter based offshore wind power integration
Authors: Jin Yanqiu , Zhang Zheren , Huang Ying , Xu Zheng , Xu Feng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe diode rectifier unit (DRU) is promising in offshore wind power integration due to its reliability and economy. Offshore AC voltage control is the key technology of the DRU‐based scheme. In this paper, a low‐cost offshore wind power integration system based on the DRU and the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in parallel on the rectifier side is proposed. The low‐capacity MMC rectifier is controlled to establish the offshore AC voltage amplitude and frequency, maintain all offshore wind active power transmitted by the DRU, and provide reactive power compensation and AC harmonic filtering for the DRU. Besides, the fault ride‐through strategies of both the offshore fault and the onshore fault are proposed. Moreover, the calculation method of the rated capacity of the MMC rectifier is derived. The time domain simulations of the hybrid system under typical operating conditions are investigated in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified.
Intravital Imaging of Thrombosis Models in Mice
Authors: Kiouptsi Klytaimnistra , Casari Martina , Mandel Jonathan , Gao Zhenling , Deppermann Carsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntravital microscopy is a powerful tool to study thrombosis in real time. The kinetics of thrombus formation and progression in vivo is studied after inflicting damage to the endothelium through mechanical, chemical, or laser injury. Mouse models of atherosclerosis are also used to induce thrombus formation. Vessels of different sizes and from different vascular beds such as carotid artery or vena cava, mesenteric or cremaster arterioles, can be targeted. Using fluorescent dyes, antibodies, or reporter mouse strains allows to visualize key cells and factors mediating the thrombotic processes. Here, we review the latest literature on using intravital microscopy to study thrombosis as well as thromboinflammation following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, infection-induced immunothrombosis, and liver ischemia reperfusion.
Retrospektive klinisch-kausale Bewertung einer positiven PCR für SARS-CoV-2 bei hospitalisierten Patienten des gesamten Altersspektrums in einem Krankenhaus der Schwerpunktversorgung
Authors: Heiland Lea Madeleine , Jörres Rudolf , Engelhardt Sebastian , Alter Peter , Kahnert Kathrin , Deerberg-Wittram Jens , Unterweger Thomas , Budweiser Stephan 
Published: October 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Häufig wird diskutiert, dass eine positive PCR für SARS-CoV-2 bei hospitalisierten Patienten nicht mit dem Aufenthalt kausal verknüpft sein muss, doch liegen aus Deutschland keine wissenschaftlichen Daten vor. Daher analysierten wir, inwieweit in einem Krankenhaus der Schwerpunktversorgung im ersten Tertial 2022 eine positive PCR nach klinischen Kriterien als ursächlich oder nebensächlich für die Aufnahme bewertet werden konnte.

Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden SARS-CoV-2-positive Patienten des RoMed-Klinikums Rosenheim/Bayern vom 01.01.2022 bis 30.04.2022. Die Patienten wurden eingeteilt in eine Gruppe mit COVID-19 als direktem Aufnahmegrund (CAW), und eine Gruppe, in der dies gemäß einer umfassenden klinischen Beurteilung nicht zutraf (nCAW). Patienten ohne eindeutige Zuteilung wurden separat geführt. Die Kategorisierung erfolgte mehrstufig durch eine in COVID-19 erfahrene Internistin (M.H.) und schloss alle verfügbaren klinischen, radiologischen und Laborbefunde sowie Therapieentscheidungen ein.

Ergebnisse 647 Fälle wurden eingeschlossen (Alter 10 Tage bis 101 Jahre, Median 68 Jahre; 49,5% Frauen), darunter 13 Patienten in 2 Aufnahmen mit positiver PCR. 45,3% (n=293) waren der Gruppe mit COVID als Aufnahmegrund zuzuordnen, 48,8% (n=316) nicht, bei 35 Patienten war keine klare Entscheidung zu treffen, 3 Patienten wurden von anderen Kliniken zur Isolation übernommen. Bei Säuglingen (bis 1 Jahr) war ein positiver PCR-Test häufiger ursächlich als bei älteren Patienten. Als führende Symptome der Einteilung erwiesen sich Abgeschlagenheit/Müdigkeit, Fieber/Schüttelfrost und Husten bei Aufnahme. Fieberkrämpfe machten bei Kindern (1,1–7,6 Jahre) in 10 Fällen den Aufnahmegrund aus. Die Aufenthaltsdauer unterschied sich nicht signifikant zwischen den Gruppen (Median [Quartile] 5 [2; 10] Tage für CAW, 5 [2; 12] für nCAW), ebensowenig die Sterblichkeit in der Klinik und das mediane Alter der Verstorbenen oder Überlebenden.

Diskussion Eine retrospektive Analyse aller klinischen Befunde ergab, dass in knapp 50% der Fälle die positive SARS-CoV-2-PCR eine für die Aufnahme und den Krankenhausaufenthalt wesentliche, nach klinischen Kriterien ursächliche Rolle spielte, während sie in knapp 50% einen Nebenbefund darstellte. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen Daten aus anderen Ländern und belegen, dass die Rolle eines positiven SARS-CoV-2-PCR-Tests für den Krankenhausaufenthalt nur durch eine umfassende und aufwendige Analyse individueller Daten zu beantworten ist.