bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le manuel pour faire court : les normes d’un format d’écriture scénaristique marginalisé dans la théorie
Authors: Gaillard Adrien 
Published: January 2025

La marginalisation du scénario de court métrage dans les champs théorique et pratique s’explique par différents facteurs : la diversité des critères de durée selon les instances de programmation, le faible accès au matériau génétique du scénario court, ainsi que le contexte d’émergence professionnelle souvent lié à ce format de production. En tenant compte de ces facteurs, l’auteur propose d’aborder l’écriture du court à travers l'analyse des manuels de scénario qui lui sont consacrés. À travers un corpus d’ouvrages francophones et anglophones, il examine la représentation de normes objectives (industrielles et descriptives) et subjectives (prescriptives et créatives) contraignant l’écriture. Ces manuels, tout en cherchant à concilier les contingences de l'industrie avec la création artistique, témoigne autant de la marginalisation que de la valorisation du court dans son rapport au long métrage, format qui domine le champ. En produisant un discours sur ce qui est normal – par la description d’exemples et d’usages – pour en dégager du normatif – par des propositions plus ou moins prescriptives –, les manuels reflètent également un imaginaire de production. Celui-ci permet d’appréhender une sociogenèse des pratiques et techniques du scénario court, à l’intersection entre les industries de la connaissance et du cinéma.
Déléguer son travail administratif en régime numérique : une simplification porteuse d’opacité pour les agriculteurs espagnols
Authors: Mesnel Blandine 
Published: January 2025

Cet article restitue une enquête sur le remplissage du dossier annuel de demande d’aides de la politique agricole commune (PAC) par des agriculteurs espagnols. Le passage au numérique du dossier PAC conforte le rôle de conseillers privés auxquels les agriculteurs délèguent leur travail administratif. L’intervention de ces conseillers travaillant pour des syndicats agricoles, des établissements bancaires ou d’autres organisations professionnelles agricoles, réduit grandement les coûts administratifs pesant sur les agriculteurs. Cependant cette nouvelle division du travail administratif renforce la complexité perçue des démarches pour les agriculteurs, qui accèdent de moins en moins directement à la matérialité des formulaires et procédures. La simplification administrative ainsi produite est synonyme d’une opacité renforcée de la politique publique pour ses bénéficiaires. Dans ce processus de transition numérique, le rôle joué par l’administration n’est pas neutre : elle crée consciemment un infrastructure numérique favorable à l’intervention des conseillers privés, dans la perspective de réduire sa propre offre d’accompagnement des usagers et de réceptionner des dossiers plus faciles à contrôler.
Exploring SME owners’ motivation to learn and acquire new skills for the adoption of e-commerce
Authors: Gallant Naledi D.D. , Amadi-Echendu Anthea P. , Esterhuyzen Elriza 
Published: January 2025

Background: The adoption of e-commerce among Soweto-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is crucial for their growth and competitiveness. Traditional approaches in determining factors that motivate the adoption of e-commerce have been mainly quantitative, not taking into consideration the experiences, motivation and perceptions of SME owners’ willingness to learn and acquire new skills for the adoption of e-commerce.Aim: This article examines the factors that motivate Soweto-based SME owners’ willingness to learn and acquire new skills to adopt e-commerce, despite the perceived complexity of using technology.Setting: The study focussed on Soweto-based SMEs in Johannesburg, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative methodology was deployed by drawing on the theoretical frameworks of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Motivational Model (MM). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Soweto-based SMEs to examine the factors that motivate Soweto-based SME owners to acquire new skills to adopt e-commerce, notwithstanding the perceived complexities associated with using technology.Results: The analysis of the data revealed that perceived benefits as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation played a pivotal role as key moderators in Soweto-based SME owners’ willingness to acquire new skills for the adoption of e-commerce.Conclusion: The study confirmed the multifaceted factors shaping the willingness of Soweto-based SME owners to adopt e-commerce, emphasising the pivotal role of perceived benefits and motivation, aligning with established models like TAM and the MM, to underscore the significance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, diverse characteristics and organisational readiness in influencing their attitudes towards new skills acquisition and e-commerce adoption.Contribution: By providing nuanced insights into the intricate processes that drive SME owners to embrace new skills and e-commerce technologies in Soweto, the findings add to the body of information already in existence. This report could be used by the government to improve its SMEs’ support initiatives.
Outcome Predictors of Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Gutti Nagendra B , Ahamed Faim 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:
There is paucity of studies on long-term remission of autoimmune generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) from Southeast Asia. We report the outcome predictors of generalized MG and also evaluate the influence of high- versus low-dose prednisolone and prednisolone with or without azathioprine (AZA).

Methods:
Fifty-seven patients with generalized MG were included, who completed 2 years of follow-up. Demographic information, comorbidities, Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class at baseline and follow-up, acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and muscle-specific kinase antibodies, decremental response, thymectomy, and treatments were recorded. Maximum doses of prednisolone, AZA, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were noted. The predictors of MGFA 0 at 3 and 6 months and minimal manifestation (MM) status at 2 years were evaluated.

Results:
MGFA 0 was achieved by 27 (47.4%) patients at 3 months, 35 (61.4%) patients at 6 months, and 46 (80.7%) patients at 12 months. At 2 years, 48 (84.2%) patients achieved the MM status and none achieved complete stable or pharmacologic remission. On multivariate analysis, AChR antibody titer (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.006–1.167; P = 0.03) and MG activity of daily living (MGADL) at 6 months (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.066–1.558; P = 0.01) predicted the MM status. Maximum dose of prednisolone and adjunctive AZA did not predict the MM status.

Conclusions:
About 84.2% of patients with generalized MG, especially those with a low AChR antibody titer and MGADL < 4 at 6 months, achieved the MM status at 2 years.
Insight into Paediatric Versus Adult Leprosy: A Comparative, Analytical Study from India
Authors: Pandhi Deepika , Gupta Pratibha , Singal Archana , Gandhi Vijay , Grover Chander , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Pediatric leprosy, though relatively less common compared to adult cases, presents challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management. Despite global efforts to eradicate leprosy, it remains endemic in certain regions, particularly low-resource settings.

Objectives:
To analyse differences in clinical presentation of pediatric leprosy as compared to adult leprosy from leprosy clinic records of a tertiary care hospital and outline the clinical implications.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the records of all the registered paediatric (aged ≤ 18 years) and adult cases of leprosy from January 2010 to December 2021 (12-year period) who presented to the leprosy clinic of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital in Delhi was carried out. History, examination, and investigation parameters were noted from standardised case record forms. The variables were compared between cases of childhood and adult leprosy.

Results:
Out of total 1006 recorded cases of leprosy, 16.8% were children and 83.2% were adults. Maximum cases (65.7%) were of borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy in children compared to 41.7% BT cases in adults. Type 1 and type 2 leprosy reactions were seen in 11.2% and 7.1% paediatric cases, respectively, compared to 9.8% and 12.3% cases in adults, respectively. Paralytic deformity was seen in 32.5% child cases and 35% adult cases. Claw hand and foot drop was seen in 17.2% and 3.6% cases of leprosy in children and 16.1% and 6.5% cases in adults. A total of 11.8% children developed facial palsy. Slit skin smear was positive in 15.4% paediatric and 30.1% adult cases. Treatment was completed in 65.1% child cases and 27.8% children defaulted. In adult cases, treatment was completed in 61.8% cases and 28.9% cases defaulted.

Conclusion:
Paediatric leprosy in our study had a high number of cases of type 1 lepra reaction, paralytic deformities, disabilities, pure neuritic leprosy, and default rate. Our study highlights the need of early detection, timely intervention, and increasing community awareness to ensure early and adequate management of paediatric leprosy.
Utility of [18F]FDG- PET/CT in Initial Staging and Management of Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Kommi Sankari , Rallapeta Ramya Priya , Subramanian Bala Venkat , Yadagiri Lakshmi Amancharla , Hulikal Narendra , Chandramaliteeswaran C. , Nandyala Rukmangada , Kalawat Tekchand 
Published: January 2025

Aim of the Study:
This study aims to study the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) findings in the initial staging and management of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective study, we evaluated 74 patients with a mean age of 59.4 ± 11.6 with a range of 35–86 years. Comparison between the mean and standard deviation of SUVmax of primary tumor between two histopathological groups, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) was done using unpaired Student’s t-test. The mean of SUVmax of primary tumor in relation to localized tumor to nodal to distant metastases was assessed by ANOVA test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The extent of agreement between findings of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) chest and abdomen and 18F-FDG PET/CT was done using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ).

Results:
Among total n = 74 (42 males and 32 females with mean age 59.4 ± 11.4; range 35–86 years) patients, SCC was seen in 78.4% and AC in 21.6% of patients. There is a progressively increased SUVmax value of primary tumor with nodal and distant metastases. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed disease of Stage I-II in 12.1%, Stage III in 20.2%, Stage IVA in 25.6%, and Stage IVB in 41.8% patients. There is agreement between 18F-FDG PET/CT and CECT chest and abdomen in the evaluation of regional lymph nodes (37.8% vs. 36.4%; κ – 0.96), nonregional lymph nodes (24.3% vs. 20.2%; κ −0.74), and distant organ involvement (21.6% vs. 17.5%; κ −0.82). In addition, 18F-FDG PET/CT found synchronous malignancies in 4.0% of patients.

Conclusion:

18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters help in identifying metastatic involvement in morphologically equivocal and clinically suspicious lesions in carcinoma esophagus patients. Being a whole-body imaging modality, 18F-FDG PET/CT has inbuilt advantage to detect occult, distant metastases, and synchronous malignancies for effective staging and improving plan of clinical management.
The Diagnostic Performance of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 during Early Stage of Missed Miscarriage
Authors: Awad Ali Adel , Ali Eham Amer , Hameed Ban Hadi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Missed miscarriages (MMs) occur when an embryo without a cardiac pulse or gestational sac is not expelled from the uterus. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, plays an important regulatory role in metabolism, primarily in glucose and lipid metabolism.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to investigate whether serum levels of FGF-21 are associated with MM in 8–14 weeks of gestation.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study consisted of 88 pregnant women; they were divided into two groups: healthy pregnant (HP), composed of 40 women with a normal viable pregnancy at 8–14 weeks of gestation with mean age (29.07 ± 6.96 years); and study group that included 40 women with MM diagnosed by ultrasound at the same gestational age (GA) with mean age (28.27 ± 7.74 years). Demographic criteria and maternal serum FGF-21 levels were recorded for comparison. ELISA technique was used to measure FGF-21 in circulation.

Results:
This study revealed a statistically significant increase in serum levels of FGF-21 in MMs (142.47 ± 48.036 pg/ml) compared to normal pregnant women (87.9 ± 30.86). The cutoff point was ≥149.97, with high sensitivity (73.2%) and specificity (97.9%). There was no significant correlation between FGF-21 levels and age, GA, body mass index, or gravidity.

Conclusion:
The MM group’s serum concentrations of FGF-21 were markedly elevated within a time frame of 8–14 weeks compared to the HP group, suggesting its involvement in the development of MM. Based on the findings, FGF21 demonstrates a remarkable capacity for diagnosing MM.
Delays in Hip Fracture Surgery in Geriatric Patients: A Case Series Unraveling the Contributing Factors
Authors: Mishra Arpan , Pai Shailesh , Kotekar Mohamed Faheem , Kumar Muthur Ajith 
Published: January 2025

Context:
Early surgery for hip fractures in the elderly reduces morbidity, mortality, and complications. While several factors contributing to surgical delays have been identified, further evaluation is needed to prevent them.

Aims:
To assess both patient and hospital-related factors influencing surgical delays in hip fracture patients aged ≥60 years.

Settings and Design:
Prospective and observational study at Level II trauma center.

Methods:
This case series includes 206 consecutive geriatric patients with hip fractures scheduled for surgery and factors contributing to surgical delays (defined as a gap of more than 48 h from hospital admission to surgery) were identified, categorized, and analysed. The significant factors were then compared with the existing literature to offer further insights into potential areas for improvement and to explore the possible explanations for the observed outcomes.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Unpaired t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:
Out of 206 patients, 44.7% (92) experienced surgical delays. Timely surgery was more likely in patients without preexisting comorbidities (71.8% of 39) and American Society of Anesthesiologists-2 patients (80% of 35). Use of anticoagulants, uncontrolled diabetes, electrolyte imbalances, anemia, urinary tract infection, and delay from the hospital’s side due to weekend admissions and referrals for surgical fitness were the major contributory factors.

Conclusions:
Only about half of the admitted patients received surgical intervention within 48 h of admission. Some guidelines are published for the early assessment and prompt optimization of the patients, but we still lack the Indian national guidelines to enforce the faster optimization of elderly hip fracture patients for surgery.
The Relationship between Social Support and Stress and Burnout Levels of Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sit Selin , Erkan Nefise Semra 
Published: January 2025

This study aims to reveal the relationship between social support perception and stress and burnout levels of mothers with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The sample of the research consists of 150 mothers with the children with ASD who received counseling services in 2022. The data of the study were collected using Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Perceived Stress Scale and Maslach Burnout Scale. SPSS 21 Package Program was used for data analysis. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyzes were carried out within the scope of the distribution of the data. In the analysis of the data, t-test, Pearson Correlation test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc test statistics were used. The findings of the study revealed that social support perceptions of mothers with the children with ASD predicted stress and burnout, in other words, there was a significant relationship between social support perceptions and stress and burnout. In the study, it was also determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between the mothers' age, marital status, education level, the number of children they had and their average monthly income, and the perception of social support, stress and burnout.
Mixing it Up: Exploring Fizzical-Science through Play
Authors: Beisly Amber , Moffitt Anne 
Published: January 2025

Young children have many opportunities to investigate physical science and chemistry concepts through play and exploration. While formal chemistry lessons are not within the scope of an early childhood classroom, there are ways to encourage children to engage in the processes of chemists. This article presents a framework for how to structure science lessons in the classroom that build upon children’s theories and prior experiences. With a focus on mixing and how physical objects transform, we then present a variety of activities based on the framework, where children may deepen their knowledge of materials and interact through child-led explorations. We provide examples of how this can be done across many spaces (i.e. outdoors, the arts center) to honor the important work of play in early childhood classrooms and to highlight the many ways that children engage in science and theory-building throughout their day.
Validity and reliability of a sport participant psychosocial well-being instrument: a preliminary study
Authors: Sepdanius Endang , Binti Sanuddin Nurul Diyana , Bin Mohd Nor Mohad Anizu , Mohd Sidi M. Adli Bin , Erhan Orhan Bekir , Aman Mohd Salleh , Afriani Rini 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of an instrument designed to measure the psychosocial well-being of sports participants.
Method: This study has four phases: preparation, translation, field trials, and validation methods. Seven experts evaluated the study based on content, clarity, and feasibility. The study involved 55 participants in 12 different sports using the test-retest approach. The participants were 19 women and 36 men, with an average age of 15 years and 7 months.
Result: The analysis results show that each item meets the validity criteria, with a Pearson correlation value higher than the r table value (0.266). Intraclass correlation test shows the reliability of each sub-variable is 1) Psychosocial Well-being of 0.938, Social Integration of 0.871, Social Contribution of 0.923, Social Actualisation of 0.926, Social Coherence of 0.916, and Social Acceptance of 0.995 indicating all sub-variables have high consistency. With valid and reliable results, this instrument is ready for further research.
Conclusion: This study shows that the Psychosocial Well-being Instrument for sports participants has excellent validity and reliability, with validation results from experts and test-retest tests showing strong consistency. This instrument is ready for further research and practical applications, such as assisting coaches, psychologists, and counselors in assessing the psychosocial well-being of sports participants and supporting psychosocial development programs that improve the performance and mental well-being of sports participants. In addition, this instrument can support the development of policies that pay attention to psychosocial aspects in sports participant development and open up opportunities for further research on the relationship between psychological well-being and other factors in sports
More than just a broken limb: Unmasking CRPS in Pakistan
Authors: Zahra Aamir Khan  
Published: January 2025

Madam,
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating pain disorder, usually affecting one limb, and occurring after a trauma. It is marked by intense pain out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury. Because CRPS is a rare condition, its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment are not completely understood. The pathophysiology might involve an interplay between inflammation, genetics, nervous system changes, and psychological influences1.
Despite the challenges in diagnosis, the currently accepted diagnostic criteria is the Budapest Criteria, established after revising the previous IASP Criteria which led to overdiagnosis.2 Once CRPS is identified, therapy can be just as complicated. The UK Royal College of Physicians outlines a multidisciplinary approach based on each patient’s individual needs.3 This involves patient education, utilizing intervention and medications for the pain, physical rehabilitation, and psychological intervention. Each of these elements is equally important for recovery.
Older studies indicate a significant delay in CRPS diagnosis, with patients waiting an average of 4 years.4 The lack of knowledge among physicians, unnecessary surgeries, and the belief that patients might be exaggerating about their pain, all contribute to a delayed diagnosis. This leads to a further decline in limb function, muscle wasting, difficulty in performing everyday activities, and eventually, social isolation.
To improve the understanding of CRPS in low-resource settings with limited patient data, Lewis et al. presented a global series from 9 different countries, including Pakistan.5 Despite being the world’s 5th most populous country, Pakistan lacks sufficient CRPS prevalence and presentation data. Out of the identified patients, only 16% were diagnosed according to the globally recognized Budapest criteria, and for 65% of patients, only pharmacological intervention was used. The essential multidisciplinary approach was rarely used. This highlights several issues that need to be resolved.
This letter calls for localized research to help refine management protocols tailored to the Pakistani population. By raising awareness about the clinical features of CRPS and the consequences of neglect towards patients, we can promote timely diagnoses and avoid long-term complications. Physicians need to build trust with their patients and make them feel heard. CRPS is a complicated condition, so a culture of strict adherence to standardized diagnostic and management approaches must be created. Integration of said protocols into the healthcare curriculum is also essential. This comprehensive approach requires immediate implementation to improve quality of life and reduce unnecessary suffering.