bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pyruvate Carboxylase Overexpression on the Physiology of
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Koffas Mattheos A. G. , Jung Gyoo Yeol , Aon Juan C. , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: October 2002

ABSTRACT

Pyruvate carboxylase was recently sequenced in
Corynebacterium glutamicum
and shown to play an important role of anaplerosis in the central carbon metabolism and amino acid synthesis of these bacteria. In this study we investigate the effect of the overexpression of the gene for pyruvate carboxylase (
pyc
) on the physiology of
C. glutamicum
ATCC 21253 and ATCC 21799 grown on defined media with two different carbon sources, glucose and lactate. In general, the physiological effects of
pyc
overexpression in
Corynebacteria
depend on the genetic background of the particular strain studied and are determined to a large extent by the interplay between pyruvate carboxylase and aspartate kinase activities. If the pyruvate carboxylase activity is not properly matched by the aspartate kinase activity,
pyc
overexpression results in growth enhancement instead of greater lysine production, despite its central role in anaplerosis and aspartic acid biosynthesis. Aspartate kinase regulation by lysine and threonine, pyruvate carboxylase inhibition by aspartate (shown in this study using permeabilized cells), as well as well-established activation of pyruvate carboxylase by lactate and acetyl coenzyme A are the key factors in determining the effect of
pyc
overexpression on
Corynebacteria
physiology.
Masking Interrupts Figure-Ground Signals in V1
Authors: Lamme Victor A. F. , Zipser Karl , Spekreijse Henk 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
In a backward masking paradigm, a target stimulus is rapidly (&lt;100 msec) followed by a second stimulus. This typically results in a dramatic decrease in the visibility of the target stimulus. It has been shown that masking reduces responses in V1. It is not known, however, which process in V1 is affected by the mask. In the past, we have shown that in V1, modulations of neural activity that are specifically related to figure-ground segregation can be recorded. Here, we recorded from awake macaque monkeys, engaged in a task where they had to detect figures from background in a pattern backward masking paradigm. We show that the V1 figure-ground signals are selectively and fully suppressed at target-mask intervals that psychophysically result in the target being invisible. Initial response transients, signalling the features that make up the scene, are not affected. As figure-ground modulations depend on feedback from extrastriate areas, these results suggest that masking selectively interrupts the recurrent interactions between V1 and higher visual areas.
Modality-Specific Deterioration in Naming Verbs in Nonfluent Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Hillis Argye E. , Tuffiash Elizabeth , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
A longitudinal study of oral and written naming and comprehension of nouns and verbs in an individual (M. M. L.) with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is reported. M. M. L. showed progressive deterioration of oral naming of verbs well before deterioration of written naming of verbs and before deterioration of oral or written naming of nouns. Her comprehension of both nouns and verbs remained intact, at least relative to oral naming of verbs. Her performance is compared to that of two other individuals with nonfluent PPA, who were tested at two time points. These patients showed similar patterns with respect to grammatical word class (verbs more impaired than nouns) and modality (spoken production more impaired than written production), but somewhat different courses of deterioration. The modality-specific nature of the observed verb production deficits rules out a semantic locus for the grammatical class effects. The results provide a new source of evidence for the hypothesis that there are distinct neural mechanisms for accessing lexical representations of nouns and verbs in language production.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Frontal Eye Field: Effects on Visual Perception and Attention
Authors: Grosbras Marie-Hélène , Paus Tomáš 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
When looking at one object, human subjects can shift their attention to another object in their visual field without moving the eyes. Such shifts of attention activate the same brain regions as those involved in the execution of eye movements. Here we investigate the role of one of the main cortical oculomotor area, namely, the frontal eye field (FEF), in shifts of attention. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a technique known to disrupt transiently eye-movements preparation. We hypothesized that if the FEF is a necessary element in the network involved in shifting attention without moving the eyes, then TMS should also disrupt visuospatial attention.
For each volunteer, we positioned the TMS coil over the probabilistic anatomical location of the FEF, and we verified that single pulses delayed eye movements. We then applied TMS during a visuospatial attention task. In this task, a central arrow directed shifts of attention and the subject responded by a keypress to a subsequent visual peripheral target without moving the eyes from the central fixation point. In a few trials, the cue was invalid or uninformative, yielding slower responses than when the cue was valid. We delivered single pulses either 53 msec before or 70 msec after target onset.
Contrary to our prediction, the main effect of the stimulation was a decrease in reaction time when it was applied 53 msec before target onset. TMS over the left hemisphere facilitated responses to targets in the right hemifield only and for all cueing conditions, whereas TMS over the right hemisphere had a bilateral effect for valid and neutral but not invalid cueing. Thus, TMS interfered with shift of attention only in the case of right hemisphere stimulation: it increased the cost of invalid cueing.
Our results suggest that TMS over the FEF facilitates visual detection, and thereby reduces reaction time. This finding provides new insights into the role of the human FEF in processing visual information. The functional asymmetry observed for both facilitation of visual detection and interference with shifts of attention provides further evidence for the dominance of the right hemisphere for those processes. Our results also underline that the disruptive or facilitative effect of TMS over a given region depends upon the behavioral context.
DOES 'INNÂ DENOTE RAPE? A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF A CONTROVERSIAL WORD
Authors: Van Wolde Ellen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe widespread opinion that the verb 'innâ in the Pi'el refers to "rape" or "sexual abuse" is not acceptable. It suffers from a lack of analysis of all the biblical material and of the distribution of 'innâ with a female object in the Hebrew Bible. A semantic analysis of the lexical collocations, of the word order and of the textual occurrences in which 'innâ functions shows that this verb is used as an evaluative term in a juridical context denoting a spatial movement downwards in a social sense and should be translated as "debase". By implication, the verb 'innâ in Gen. xxxiv 2 does not describe Shechem's rape or sexual abuse of Dinah, but evaluates Shechem's previously described actions as a debasement of Dinah from a social-juridical point of view.
Cerebellar responses during anticipation of noxious stimuli in subjects recovered from depression
Authors: Smith Katharine A. , Ploghaus Alexander , Cowen Philip J. , McCleery Jenny M. , Goodwin Guy M. , Smith Stephen , Tracey Irene , Matthews Paul M. 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundSubjects recovered from depression have a substantial risk for recurrence of depression, suggesting persistent abnormalities in brain activity.AimsTo test whether women recovered from depression show abnormal brain activity in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a conditioning paradigm with a noxious pain stimulus.MethodTen unmedicated women who had recovered from major depression and eight healthy control women each received either noxious hot or non-noxious warm stimuli, the onset of which was signalled by a specific coloured light during 3-tesla echo planar imaging-based fMRI.ResultsSimilar patterns of brain activation were found during painful stimulation for both patients and healthy controls. However, relative to healthy controls, subjects recovered from depression showed a reduced response in the cerebellum during anticipation of the noxious stimulus compared with anticipation of the non-noxious stimulus.ConclusionsOur data suggest that abnormal cerebellar function could be a marker of vulnerability to recurrent depression. This could provide a new target for therapeutic interventions.
Diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant in the lupus anticoagulant‐hypoprothrombinemia syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Baca Vicente , Montiel Guadalupe , Meillón Luis , Pizzuto Javier , Catalán Teresa , Juan‐Shum Luis , Nieva Beatriz 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a severe hemorrhagic disorder in two pediatric patients with lupus anticoagulant (LA) associated to acquired factor II (prothrombin) deficiency. In both patients, hemorrhagic symptoms resolved after corticosteroid therapy. Serial coagulation studies showed that Staclot LA® assay was more sensitive than DVVconfirm® and Staclot PNP® tests to confirm the presence of LA when associated with severe factor II deficiency. Both patients had non‐neutralizing anti‐prothrombin antibodies and their titers inversely correlated with factor II activity (r = −1.0, P < 0.0001). Associated findings in these patients included positive immunologic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus, a positive anti‐cardiolipin antibody, and anti‐β2 GPI antibodies in one case. Our findings point out the difficulty in diagnosing LA associated with acquired factor II deficiency and suggest that, in confirmation of its phospholipid dependency, the inclusion of a source of normal human plasma in the test sequence to correct for any factor deficiency and a confirmatory step utilizing hexagonal (II) phase phospholipids may be crucial to the diagnosis of LA in some patients with LA‐hypoprothrombinemia syndrome. Am. J. Hematol. 71:200–207, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained molecular remission in a patient with CML in blastic crisis receiving dose‐reduced hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation followed by early withdrawal of cyclosporine and prophylactic use of interferon‐α
Authors: Hamaki Tamae , Kami Masahiro , Momomura Shin‐ichi , Mineishi Shin , Kusumi Eiji , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ueyama Jun‐ichi , Miyakoshi Shigesaburo , Morinaga Shin‐ichi , Takaue Yoichi , Mutou Yoshitomo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic phase received reduced‐intensity transplantation (RIST) from an HLA‐identical unrelated donor. The preparative regimen consisted of busulfan, fludarabine, and anti‐thymocyte globulin. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was cyclosporine alone. Because he had a high risk of relapse, we discontinued cyclosporine on day 37, but he did not develop any signs of acute GVHD. To induce GVHD and augment a graft‐versus‐leukemia effect, we initiated interferon‐α therapy on day 80 to a maximum dosage of three million units five times a week. He achieved molecular remission on day 94 followed by the development of extensive chronic GVHD the severity of which paralleled to the dose of interferon‐α GVHD gradually subsided after discontinuation of interferon‐α and the patient remains in molecular remission 18 months after transplantation. This case suggests that early withdrawal of cyclosporine and the prophylactic use of interferon‐α are promising in RIST for high‐risk leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 71:196–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydroxyurea (HU) for prevention of recurrent stroke in sickle cell anemia (SCA)
Authors: Sumoza Abraham , de Bisotti Renate , Sumoza David , Fairbanks Virgil 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a major cause of morbidity and death in sickle cell anemia (SCA). Transfusion of packed erythrocytes is widely used to prevent this complication. However, chronic transfusion may lead to iron overload, alloimmunization, or infections. Cost and compliance may compromise transfusion therapy. A possible alternative, the prophylactic use of hydroxyurea (HU), has not been tried to determine whether it may prevent recurrent stroke. We used HU in five children with SCA who had suffered stroke, in three of them after a first episode and in the other two after a second CVA. Four had infarctive stroke and one a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Four patients took HU at a dose of 40 mg/kg/d, one patient at 30 mg/kg/d. None of the patients had recurrent stroke during 42–112 months of observation. None experienced pain crises. In all, HbF increased significantly and was maintained above 14.7% during treatment. The total Hb concentration increased 19.5 g/L (median) above the value before treatment. HU was well tolerated. None of the five children had leukopenia or thrombocytopenia during therapy. HU appears to prevent recurrence of stroke in SCA without risk of major toxicity. Am. J. Hematol. 71:161–165, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD4−CD8− T‐cell polymyositis in a patient with chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: Tsutsumi Sachiko , Ohga Shouichi , Nomura Akihiko , Takada Hidetoshi , Sakai Shuji , Ohshima Koichi , Sumimoto Kotoko , Hara Toshiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe describe a 17‐year‐old woman with chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection (CAEBV), who developed EBV+CD4−CD8− T‐cell polymyositis. At 14 years of age, CAEBV was diagnosed with fever, cytopenia, liver dysfunction, and hepatosplenomegaly. Despite the transient remission of interferon‐α therapy, migratory lesions emerged in back and extremities. MRI indicated polymyositis. Biopsy specimens revealed intramuscular infiltration of CD3+, CD4−, CD8−, CD56−, and EBV‐encoded RNA 1+ cells. Circulating CD4−CD8−Vδ2/Vγ9 cells increased. γδT‐cells contained 20–200 times higher EBV‐DNA (2 × 104 copies/μgDNA) than αβT‐cells or NK‐cells. The ominous polymyositis might denote the musculotropic invasion of EBV+γδT‐cell lymphoproliferative disease as a consequence of CAEBV. Am. J. Hematol. 71:211–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myxedema ascites in the posttransplant setting: Case report
Authors: McDonough Colleen H. , Lee Linda , de Beur S. Jan , Arai Sally , Vogelsang Georgia B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAscites is a rare but important complication of hypothyroidism. Because of the rarity of the disease and the inconsistency of symptoms associated with hypothyroidism, patients often go undiagnosed for months. Institution of thyroid replacement hormone results in rapid and complete resolution of ascites. Here we present a case of myxedema ascites that presented in a 52‐year‐old man 4 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). Diagnoses initially considered in the differential included the common post‐BMT complications, namely, hepatic veno‐occlusive disease, graft vs. host disease, and infection. However, posttransplant patients are also at risk for illnesses unrelated to their underlying diagnosis or transplant procedure, including hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis in posttransplant patients, especially those in whom the clinical course is atypical. Am. J. Hematol. 71:216–218, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro production of anti‐RBC antibodies and cytokines in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Barcellini W. , Montesano R. , Clerici G. , Zaninoni A. , Imperiali F.G. , Calori R. , Cortelezzi A. , Zanella A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractB‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) patients have a high prevalence of autoimmune phenomena, mainly autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Immunoregulatory cytokines play a role in the regulation of both autoimmunity and leukemic B‐cell growth. Mitogen‐stimulated direct antiglobulin test (MS‐DAT) is a recently described test able to disclose latent anti‐RBC autoimmunity in AIHA. We investigated the prevalence of anti‐RBC autoimmunity by MS‐DAT and the pattern of cytokine production by PHA‐stimulated whole blood cultures from 69 B‐CLL patients and 53 controls. Results showed that anti‐RBC IgG values in unstimulated, PHA‐, PMA‐, and PWM‐stimulated cultures were significantly higher in B‐CLL patients compared with controls. In B‐CLL, the prevalence of anti‐RBC autoimmunity was 28.9% by MS‐DAT, compared with 4.3% by the standard DAT. Production of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐13, TNF‐α, sCD23, and sCD30 was significantly increased in all B‐CLL patients compared with controls, whereas there was no difference in IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TGF‐β production. Multivariate analysis showed that IL‐4 was significantly increased in MS‐DAT‐positive compared with ‐negative patients. Patients with autoantibody positivity displayed greater IFN‐γ production than negative patients. These data are in line with the hypothesis that autoimmune phenomena in B‐CLL are associated with an imbalance towards a Th‐2‐like profile. The elevated prevalence of anti‐RBC autoimmunity found by MS‐DAT suggests that an underestimated latent autoimmunity exists in B‐CLL. Am. J. Hematol. 71:177–183, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnancy and successful labor in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Gürman Günhan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPregnancy and leukemia are difficult to manage. Protecting the mother from hemorrhage and infection and the fetus from developmental failure are the main aims. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been seen very rarely with pregnancy. In this article, the successful labor of a 43‐year‐old woman with CLL is reported. She was not a candidate for chemotherapy at that time. She was without symptoms when she got pregnant. In the 30th gestational week she was found to have urinary tract infection and preterm labor and she was stabilized. Gestational diabetes and preeclampsia were also determined after that period and managed. The patient was delivered by cesarean section in the 39th gestational week. Cord blood was collected and preserved. No postpartum complication was seen in either the patient or the infant. This is one of the rare cases presenting CLL with pregnancy in the literature. Am. J. Hematol. 71:208–210, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence of multiple myeloma in both donor and recipient after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Kumar Arun , Styler Michael J. , Topolsky David L. , Crilley Pamela A. , Przybysz Thomas M. , Gladstone Douglas E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe transplantation of malignant cells during allogeneic transplant is a rare occurrence. 27 months after donating progenitor cells, a diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made in a 6/6 HLA‐phenotypically matched unrelated donor. The 42‐year‐old recipient transplanted for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia developed IgA myeloma 40 months after transplantation. Serum electrophoresis and bone marrow investigations established the diagnosis of IgA K multiple myeloma in both. This case illustrates the natural history and biology of multiple myeloma. Am. J. Hematol. 71:227–228, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the relationship between numbers of references and paper lengths the same for all sciences?
Authors: Abt Helmut A. , Garfield Eugene 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn each of 41 research journals in the physical, life, and social sciences there is a linear relationship between the average number of references and the normalized paper lengths. For most of the journals in a given field, the relationship is the same within statistical errors. For papers of average lengths in different sciences the average number of references is the same within ±17%. Because papers of average lengths in various sciences have the same number of references, we conclude that the citation counts to them can be inter‐compared within that accuracy. However, review journals are different: after scanning 18 review journals we found that those papers average twice the number of references as research papers of the same lengths.
State digital library usability: Contributing organizational factors
Authors: Xie Hong (Iris) , Wolfram Dietmar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUsage and user feedback about a state digital library, in which the developers/designers, content providers, different types of libraries and their staffs, and a variety of user groups represent a loose federation of separate organizations with diverse expectations and needs, are investigated. Through corroboratory evidence from usage statistics of Internet‐based database services available through the digital library, responses to a statewide‐administered library survey, and a Web‐based survey of end users, the authors identify contributing factors for the organizational usability of state digital libraries. The authors refine and enhance an organizational usability model for the unique environment of state digital libraries and identify three modes of interaction (influence, communication, activity) and the challenges each interaction presents: in addressing diverse player needs and expectations; the unequal awareness and training in using state digital libraries; and the lack of sufficient communication channels among players. In addition, the findings highlight the double‐edged impact of physical libraries on the state digital library.
A high‐performance liquid chromatography method using ultraviolet detection for the quantitation of flavopiridol from human plasma
Authors: Zhai Suoping , Sausville Edward , Figg William D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFlavopiridol is an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase, a key regulator of cell cycle, and is currently under clinical trials. We developed and validated an HPLC assay method for the quantitation of flavopiridol in human plasma samples. The sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Separation was accomplished on a C18 column and a C18 precolumn insert utilizing a gradient profile consisting of ammonium acetate and methanol. Ultraviolet detection was set at 268 nm for flavopiridol and 323 nm for umbelliferone, the internal standard. The method was validated over flavopiridol concentration range of 0.025–3.0 µg/mL using 250 µL of plasma. The assay was linear over this concentration range with a coefficient of variation less than 10% for inter‐ and intra‐assay. The retention times were around 6.2 min for umbelliferone and 9.8 min for flavopiridol. The recoveries of flavopiridol and umbelliferone were 88.6 ± 1.0% and 97.1 ± 3.7%, respectively. This method is suitable for quantifying flavopiridol in plasma samples and further characterizing the clinical pharmacology of this compound. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.