bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxed optimal control for the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation with jump noise
Authors: Gokhale Soham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation perturbed by pure jump noise. In order to understand and also control the fluctuations and jumps observed in the hysteresis loop, we add noise and an external control to the effective field. We consider the control operator as one that can depend, even nonlinearly on both the control and the associated solution process. We reformulate the problem as a relaxed control problem by using random Young measures and show that the relaxed problem admits an optimal control. The proof employs the Aldous condition for establishing tightness of laws and a modified version of the Skorohod Theorem for obtaining subconvergence of laws.
The impacts of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on China
Authors: Wenmei Kang , Wang Mou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The EU is China's second-largest commodity exporter. As the object of taxation via CBAM, discussing the impact of CBAM on China can provide a data basis for China to deal with the EU’s carbon border adjustment mechanism. Based on the analysis of the export trade relationship between China and the EU, this study uses the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon of China's exports to the EU. In addition, the overall and industrial impact of CBAM on China's exports to the EU is compared and analyzed in four scenarios from the perspectives of direct and indirect carbon and embodied carbon, and the research shows that: (1) the machinery and equipment manufacturing industry is the industry with the most embodied carbon in China's exports to EU, accounting for 41.63%, and the seven industries, i.e. iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, cement, chemicals, polymers and electricity, covered by CBAM account for 10.89%; (2) Based on the taxation industry and taxation scope proposed by CBAM adopted on June 22, 2022, and under the current EU ETS carbon price of €70/ton, China will be levied $1.23 billion; (3) According to the taxation scope and taxation industry that may be expanded in the future mentioned in the CBAM proposal, that is, the expansion of CBAM tax scope from direct and indirect carbon to embodied carbon, and the expansion of industries from seven major industries to all industries of the China's export to the EU, the impact on China's exports to the EU is becoming more and more serious, the largest impact is 28 times that of the current proposal. In particular, the industries of machinery and equipment manufacturing, textiles, clothing, shoes, hats, leather, down feather and their products, woodworking products, furniture, and construction, where the impact of embodied carbon emissions is 16 times, 20 times, 56 times, and 14 times that of direct and indirect carbon emissions, respectively. Although these industries are not covered by the current CBAM text, they should not be ignored in the event of the taxable industries expanding in the future.
Applying Optimized YOLOv8 for Heritage Conservation: Enhanced Object Detection in Jiangnan Traditional Private Gardens
Authors: Gao Chan , Zhang Qingzhu , Tan Zheyu , Zhao Genfeng , Gao Sen , Eunyoung Kim , Shen Tao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study aims to promote the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage in private gardens in the Jiangnan area of China. By establishing a precise visual labeling system and accelerating the construction of a database for private garden features, we deepen the understanding of garden design philosophy. To this end, we propose an improved Jiangnan private garden recognition model based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) v8. This model is particularly suitable for processing garden environments with characteristics such as single or complex structures, rich depth of field, and cluttered targets, effectively enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of object recognition.This design integrates the Diverse Branch Block (DBB), Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network（BiFPN）, and Dynamic Head modules （DyHead）to optimize model accuracy, feature fusion, and object detection representational capability, respectively. The enhancements elevated the model's accuracy by 8.7%, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) value of 57.1%. A specialized dataset, comprising 4890 images and encapsulating various angles and lighting conditions of Jiangnan private gardens, was constructed to realize this. Following manual annotation and the application of diverse data augmentation strategies, the dataset bolsters the generalization and robustness of the model. Experimental outcomes reveal that, compared to its predecessor, the improved model has witnessed increments of 15.16%, 3.25%, and 11.88% in precision, mAP0.5, and mAP0.5:0.95 metrics, respectively, demonstrating exemplary performance in the accuracy and real-time recognition of garden target elements. This research not only furnishes robust technical support for the digitization and intelligent research of Jiangnan private gardens but also provides a potent methodological reference for object detection and classification research in analogous domains.
Survival study of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis using data from the SEER Program
Authors: Wu Jinwen , Zeng Qi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To report survival prognostic factors and explore the value of adjuvant therapy in patients with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder (SCNEC).
Methods
Data of patients diagnosed with SCNEC in published by the SEER from 2004 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed, and survival rate and prognostic factors were statistically analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. The propensity matching score (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between two group.
Results
A total of 1227 patients with SCNEC were included in this study. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 21.2%, and the cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) was 30.3%. The results of univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age, race, AJCC staging, TNM stage, surgery, and chemotherapy were significantly associated with OS and CSS. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, age over 75, race, AJCC staging VA/B, M1 stage, and chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors. The PSM method was performed to balance prognostic factors and match patients. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that postoperative radiotherapy significantly decreased the OS of patients with the M0 stage (P = 0.041) or T1-2 stage (P = 0.011).
Conclusion
Age over 75 years old, race, AJCC staging VA/B, M1 stage, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for SCNEC. Postoperative radiotherapy was not recommended for patients with the M1 stage or T1-2 stage.
A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based Three-dimensional Rectal Cancer Pathological Complete Response Prediction Framework
Authors: Li Lanlan , Xie Chengjie , Xu Bin , Qi Jing , Li Juan , Niu Decao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer affects the health of the global public, and the increasing proportion of cases has attracted widespread attention. This phenomenon has made the treatment of colorectal cancer an inevitable topic in the global medical community, and has sparked interest in using deep learning models for early detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. This study proposes a method based on Three-dimensional (3D) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data to predict the complete pathological remission of rectal cancer patients. To improve prediction accuracy, we employ an improved Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) for data augmentation and optimize the 3D network with different attention modules. Specifically, we employed a DCGAN generator for data augmentation. Instead of using deconvolution operations as in the DCGAN generator, we utilized upsampling and convolution operations to diminish the impact of "artifacts" on the generated images. Additionally, we enhanced the image quality by utilizing an improved AlexNet-based discriminator architecture. Furthermore, we utilize the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) for feature extraction and capturing spatial and channel information. The experimental results of this study demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity through the application of data augmentation and attention mechanisms. In detail, the accuracy is improved to 0.778, specificity to 0.796, and sensitivity to 0.754. Compared to the baseline network, these values have increased by 8.8%, 9.9%, and 9.1% respectively. These findings indicate that the method we propose offers a potential tool for doctors to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.
Constructing a lactylation-related genes prognostic model to effectively predict the disease-free survival and treatment responsiveness in prostate cancer based on machine learning
Authors: Pan Jinyou , Zhang Jianpeng , Lin Jingwei , Cai Yinxin , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: More and more studies have revealed that protein lactylation is an important mechanism for lactate to fulfill its duties and participate in important biological processes, which can regulate gene expressions through histone lactation, thereby promoting tumor spread, metastasis and immunosuppression. However, protein lactylation has been poorly studied in prostate cancer.
Methods: This study aimed to identify potential novel lactylation biomarkers of prostate cancer by biomarker analysis and to explore immune cell infiltration and treatment responsiveness. By downloading mRNA-Seq data of TCGA prostate cancer data for differential analysis, we obtained the differential genes related to Lactylation in prostate cancer. Five machine learning algorithms were used to screen for lactylation-related key genes for prostate cancer. The five overlapping key genes screened by five machine learning algorithms were used to construct a survival prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. Further, the relationships between the model and related pathways, tumor mutation and immune cell subpopulations and drug sensitivity were explored. Then, two risk groups were established according to the risk score calculated by the five lactylation-related genes (LRGs). Subsequently, a nomogram scoring system was established to predict disease-free survival (DFS) of patients by combining clinicopathological features and lactylation-related risk scores. Besides, the mRNA expression levels of five genes were verified in prostate cancer cell lines by qPCR.
Results: We identified 5 key LRGs (ALDOA, DDX39A, H2AX, KIF2C, RACGAP1) and constructed the LRGs prognostic model. The AUC values for 1 -, 3 -, and 5-year DFS in the TCGA dataset were 0.762, 0.745, and 0.709. The risk score was a better predictor of disease-free survival than traditional clinicopathological features in prostate cancer. The prostate cancer patients in the high-risk group have a higher proportion of regulatory T cells and M2 macrophage, a higher tumor mutation burden, and a worse prognosis. The high-risk group had a lower IC50 for certain chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Docetaxel, Paclitaxel.
Conclusions: The lactylation-related genes prognostic model can effectively predict the disease-free survival and therapeutic responses in prostate patients.
PointDMIG: A Dynamic Motion-Informed Graph Neural Network for 3D Action Recognition
Authors: Du Yao , Hou Zhenjie , Li Xing , Liang Jiuzhen , You Kaijun , Zhou Xinwen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Point cloud contains rich spatial information, providing effective supplementary clues for action recognition. Existing action recognition algorithms based on point cloud sequences typically employ complex spatiotemporal local encoding to capture the spatiotemporal features, leading to the loss of spatial information and the inability to establish long-term spatial correlation. In this paper, we propose a PointDMIG network that models the long-term spatio-temporal correlation in point cloud sequences while retaining spatial structure information. Specifically, we first employs graph-based static point cloud techniques to construct topological structures for input point cloud sequences and encodes them as human static appearance feature vectors, introducing inherent frame-level parallelism to avoid the loss of spatial information. Then, we extend the technique for static point clouds by integrating the motion information of points between adjacent frames into the topological graph structure, capturing the long-term spatio-temporal evolution of human static appearance while retaining the features of human static appearance. Moreover, to further enhance the semantic representation of the point cloud sequences, PointDMIG reconstructs the downsampled point set in the feature extraction process, further enriching the spatio-temporal information of human body movements. Experimental results on NTU RGB+D 60 and MSR Action 3D show that PointDMIG significantly improves the accuracy of 3D human action recognition based on point cloud sequences. We also performed an extended experiment on gesture recognition on the SHREC 2017 dataset, and PointDMIG achieved competitive results.
Evaluation of the effect of topical calcipotriol versus platelet-rich plasma versus a combination of both on patients with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Ali Mahmoud Ahmed Ali , Taieb Moustafa Adam El Taieb El , Younis Ali Mohamed Younis , Ibrahim Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim , Abdellatif Mohamed Amer Ahmed Abdellatif , Ahmed Nour Mohammed Ahmed , Ahmed Faten Othman Ahmed , Hegazy Eisa Mohamed Hegazy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is considered to be an autoimmune disease that has different treatment modalities. Topical vitamin D analog and PRP are recognized as effective therapies for AA. The aim of the study was a compare the effect of topical vitamin D analog (calcipotriol), intra-lesion PRP, and a combination of both on AA patients.
Patients and methods:
In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial study, a total of 39 cases (patients with AA) were divided into 3 groups: Group I (n = 13): cases received topical Vit D3 analog (calcipotriol) 0.005% twice daily for 3 months with follow up. Group II (n = 13): cases received PRP intra-lesion injection for 6 consecutive sessions 2 weeks apart. Combined Group III (n = 13):cases received both treatments. Clinical evaluation by SALT score (severity alopecia tool) and dermoscopic examination were performed before and after treatment. Study registration at clinicaltrial.com was done, approval number: NCT05954104. Date of registration: 23/6/2023.
Results:
In this study, there was a significant decrease in the mean SALT score for the three groups (p<0.001). The absolute reduction in G-I (calcipotriol) was 3.73 points, in G-II (PRP), was 6.87 points, and in G-III(combined) was 18.98 points This reduction was significant (p<0.001) more evident in G-III followed by G-II and then G-I. There was a significant reduction in Dermoscopic findings after treatment in the three groups.
Conclusion:
Significant reductions in SALT levels were observed across all three groups, with the combination of calcipotriol and PRP being particularly noteworthy. Significant reductions in dermoscopic symptoms were observed following treatment.
Determinants of Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Recently Diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A study from the Taiwan Diabetes Registry
Authors: Yeh Yun-Kai , Lin Kuan-Hung , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Lo Su-Huey , Yeh Yen-Po , Huang Chien-Ning , Hwu Chii-Min , Lu Chieh-Hsiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
We tried to identify the risk factor associate with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by utilizing real-world data from Taiwan Diabetes Registry.
Materials and methods
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus recently diagnosed within 1 year. We divided the study participants into control group and early CKD group. Early CKD was defined as either CKD stage G1 with albuminuria, CKD stage G2 with albuminuria, or CKD stage G3a regardless of albuminuria (Urine-albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 3mg/mmol). Control group was defined as CKD G1 or CKD G2 without albuminuria. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare differences in clinical characteristics between the subgroups. Linear regression models were employed to examine the factors predicting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and UACR.
Results
Total 2217 patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. 1545 patients were assigned to control group and 618 patients were assigned to the early CKD group. Age (odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confdence interval [CI] 1.012–1.028), diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.019, 95% CI 1.011–1.026), glycated hemoglobin (OR 1.074, 95% CI 1.023–1.129) and triglyceride (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.485–3.199) were found to be significant risk factors. Further, presence of bidirectional association between UACR and eGFR was found.
Conclusions
We reported factors associated with early CKD in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Variables that associated with eGFR and UACR were identified respectively, included a mutual influence between UACR and eGFR.
The Relationship of Ultrasonic Characteristics of the Patent Foramen Ovale and Interventional Closure
Authors: Wang Yu-bo , Shan Lin , Huang Hui , Sun Jie , Liu Kun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Percutaneous interventional closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the main method for the treatment of PFO. However, closure failed in some patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ultrasonic characteristics of PFO and the results of PFO closure.
Method
Contrast transthoracic echocardiography (c-TTE) of right heart and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were performed to obtain data regarding the degree of the right-to-left shunt (RLS), the width and length of the PFO, the color shunt, the granular echo in the PFO gap, and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). The effect of each factor on closure was analyzed by logistic regression.
Results
A total of 222 cases were included in the analysis. PFO with granular echo in the PFO gap, with ASA, grade I RLS, and without TEE color shunt had higher probabilities of failed PFO closure. Long PFO also had higher probability of failed PFO closure.
Conclusions
C-TTE and TEE ultrasonic characteristics of PFO may be indicative of PFO closure results. For patients about to undergo PFO closure, it is beneficial to observe the ultrasonic characteristics of PFO to provide patients with more ideal treatment.
Sex-specific Expression of Estradiol Derivatives, Hydropersulfides and Ether Lipids Regulates Ferroptosis Sensitivity of Kidney Tubules
Authors: Linkermann Andreas , Belavgeni Alexia , Tonnus Wulf , Maremonti Francesca , Penkov Sider , Mallais Melodie , Gaillet Christine , Brucker Anne , Schilling Danny , Schlicker Lisa , Himmerkus Nina , Gavali Shubhangi , Schlecht Marlena , Flade Karolin , Becker Jorunn , Tmava Mirela , Haag Anne , Hugo Christian , Schulze Almut , Plietker Bernd , Becker Jan , Weinberg Joel , Lorenz Svenja , Proneth Bettina , Conrad Marcus , Rodriguez Raphaël , Bornstein Stefan , Dick Tobias , Pratt Derel , Fedorova Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute kidney tubular necrosis (ATN) mediates acute kidney injury (AKI) and nephron loss, the major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and end-stage renal disease (ESRD)1-3. For decades, it has been known that female tissue is less sensitive to AKI4,5, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. As a specific feature, ATN is characterized by dynamic cell death propagation along the tubular compartment, mediated by ferroptosis in male mice6,7. Herein we demonstrate that ferroptotic cell death propagation is abrogated in female kidney tubules. Ferroptosis sensitivity in females was decreased by estradiol and its derivatives, which function as radical-trapping antioxidants (RTAs). Female sex-specific tubular expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1, also AIFM2) functions to regenerate the estradiol derivatives from their oxidation products, thereby potentiating RTA capacity. In addition, females exhibited much higher levels of anti-ferroptotic hydropersulfides detected directly from the most sensitive tubular compartment. In contrast, male proximal tubules express alkylglycerone phosphate synthase (AGPS) and fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1), key enzymes required for the generation of ether lipids which sensitize to ferroptosis. In summary, we uncover three independent mechanisms that collectively explain higher ferroptosis sensitivity of male over female tubular tissue and may function as therapeutic targets.
PIV Analysis of Wake Characteristics of Slanted-Back Ahmed Bodies: Effect of Leading-Edge Shape
Authors: Sagharichi Amir , Tachie Mark Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

This study experimentally investigates turbulent flow separation over a slanted-back Ahmed body with different leading-edge configurations (rounded and square) using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Reynolds number (based on free-stream velocity and body height) is \({\text{Re}}_{\text{H}}\) = 0.17 × 105. Spatiotemporal flow characteristics, including mean flow, vorticity flux, spatial two-point correlation, reverse flow area, turbulent kinetic energy budget, frequency spectra, and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) are analyzed. The results reveal a larger recirculation region near the leading edge of the square leading-edge (SL) case, associated with higher vorticity flux compared to the rounded leading-edge (RL) case. Pulsations are observed in the wake region recirculation bubbles through phase-averaging analysis of instantaneous velocity and vorticity. The auto and cross-correlation of reverse flow areas in the SL case exhibit higher temporal correlations in the leading edge and wake region. The analysis of Kelvin-Helmholtz wavelength and frequency spectra indicates a smaller wavelength in the RL case, corresponding to a higher dominant shedding frequency than the SL case. POD reveals the formation of smaller coherent structures with smaller convective velocities, and higher shedding frequency in the wake region of the RL case.