bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural pathology of intrapulmonary arteries in 3‐methylindole‐induced pneumotoxicity in cattle: II. Glycogen accumulation in the smooth muscle cells and intimal changes
Authors: Atwal R. O. S. , Persofsky M. S. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract3‐Methylindole (3MI) was orally administered as a single dose of 0·1–0·2 g/kg which then produced acute pulmonary oedema in cattle 72 h post‐treatment. Electron microscopic examination of intrapulmonary arteries ranging between 35–120 μm in the control animals, revealed microsequestration of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the storage of proteinaceous material in the dilated cisternae of RER of the endothelial cells. Lung tissue samples collected after 72 h of 3MI administration, showed denudation and hyperplasia of the endothelial cells. Massive storage of glycogen particles and the lamellar bodies in association with glycogen, were observed in the smooth muscle cells of the media. The importance of glycogen accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary arteries is discussed in terms of energy utilization and vascular energetics to meet the metabolic requirement of haemodynamic stress arising from alveolar hypoxia and possible vasoconstriction. Furthermore, the suggestion is made, that the alterations may signify the early changes of pulmonary hypertension induced by the toxic effect of 3MI in cattle.
The effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the corticotroph population of the adenohypophysis of the male rat
Authors: Gosney John R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effect of hypobaric hypoxia on the corticotroph population of the adenohypophysis has been studied in male rats. After 28 days exposure to a barometric pressure of 380 mm Hg, equivalent to an altitude of 5500 m, there was an increase in their number relative to the total cell population. This may reflect a requirement for a sustained increase in the level of adrenocortical secretion in an hypoxic environment. Alternatively, higher levels of ACTH may be required to maintain normal levels of adrenocortical hormone secretion under these conditions.
Occurrence of mallory body‐like inclusions in parathyroid chief cells of ozone‐treated dogs
Authors: Atwal R. O. S. , Pemsingh R. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUltrastructural characteristics of chief cells of the parathyroid glands of ozone‐treated dogs were examined 3 days, 10–13 days and 28 days after treatment. Dilated Golgi cisternae and vacuoles contained low electron dense fibrillar material. These changes in the Golgi were accompanied by massive accumulation of filaments in the perinuclear area where most of the cell organelles were disrupted to the peripheral zone of the filamentous inclusions. These inclusions were not enclosed by a membrane and corresponded with PAS‐positive and diastase‐resistant material in the chief cells at light microscopic level. Therefore these inclusions were arbitrarily designated as Mallory body‐like inclusions.
Histogenesis of granular cell tumour—an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Miettinen Markku , Lehtonen Eero , Lehtola Hannu , Ekblom Peter , Lehto Veli‐Pekka , Virtanen Ismo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFifteen cases of granular cell tumour of superficial soft tissues or tongue were immunohistochemically evaluated for different types of intermediate filament proteins and for laminin, a glycoprotein of basal laminae. Four of the tumours were studied ultrastructurally. The tumour cells appeared to contain only vimentin‐type of intermediate filament protein. The lobules of tumour cells were surrounded by laminin‐positive material, but in contrast to schwannomas and neurofibromas, the individual tumour cells were not covered by laminin. In line with the immunohistochemical observations, by electron microscopy basal lamina‐like material could not be demonstrated between individual cells, but only surrounding groups of cells. Lysozyme, a histiocytic marker, was absent in the tumour cells. Our results do not confirm any particular cell type for the histogenetic origin of granular cell tumour, but suggest that it may rather be derived from uncommitted possibly nerve‐related mesenchymal cells.
The thin glomerular basement membrane in children with haematuria
Authors: Yoshikawa N. , Hashimoto H. , Katayama Y. , Yamada Y. , Matsuo T. , Okada S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo determine the specificity and significance of widespread attenuation of the glomerular basement membrane on electron microscopy, 240 renal biopsies from 218 children were studied retrospectively. Twenty‐three patients showed diffuse attenuation and three of them are cases of hereditary nephritis. The other 20 patients are characterized by persistent microscopic haematuria, absence of proteinuria, normal blood pressure and renal function, and minimal glomerular changes. In 10 of these 20 children, microscopic haematuria was also present in the family. We conclude that widespread attenuation of the glomerular basement membrane is a characteristic of benign familial and non‐familial haematuria. The thin glomerular basement membrane may be responsible for the haematuria and may result from incomplete glomerular maturation.
The role of apoptosis in atrophy of the small gut mucosa produced by repeated administration of cytosine arabinoside
Authors: Bennett Rosemary E. , Harrison M. W. , Bishop C. J. , Searle J. , Kerr J. F. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProgressive atrophy of ileal crypts and villi following daily administration of cytosine arabinoside to mice was found to be the result of suppression of mitosis and marked enhancement of apoptosis in the crypt epithelium. The amount of apoptosis produced by each dose decreased as the atrophy advanced. Mucosal regeneration after cessation of administration of the drug was due to increased mitosis in the crypts, and was associated with complete restoration of susceptibility of the crypt cells to further doses. During early regeneration, the wave of increased mitosis was accompanied by a wave of mildly increased apoptosis.
Encephalitis in mice with congenital ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Graham D. I. , Hay J. , Hutchison W. M. , Siim J. Chr. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe brains of mice with congenital ocular toxoplasmosis were examined histologically. Toxoplasma tissue cysts and a subacute/chronic meningo‐encephalitis were present in the brains of all infected mice. The findings were very similar to those seen in human congenital toxoplasmosis. The murine model of congenital toxoplasmic encephalitis described in this paper will be valuable in the study of the pathogenesis, natural history and treatment of this condition.
The binding of peroxidase‐labelled lectins to human breast epithelium i—normal, hyperplastic and lactating breast
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSix peroxidase‐labelled lectins have been applied to tissue sections of normal, hyperplastic and lactating human breast. The effect of fixation on binding has been assessed by the comparison of specimens treated with a variety of fixatives with frozen material; the effect of trypsin has also been considered. The other objective has been to establish the consistency of lectin reactivity with this non‐malignant breast tissue. Fixation has little effect on the binding of wheat germ agglutinin and peanut lectin, although reactivity with the latter was sometimes increased above that seen in frozen material by the use of Bouin's fluid. Trypsinization of formalin‐fixed tissue appears to be a prerequisite for staining with soy bean agglutinin and Ulex europeus. The binding of Lotus tetragonolobus and Dolichos biflorus to fixed tissue has been found to be unreliable in comparison to frozen samples. Soy bean agglutinin and Dolichos biflorus, both specific for N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine, have binding patterns which vary between specimens and often between themselves. Of the two fucose‐binding lectins Ulex europeus has shown a variability of reaction between specimens, whilst Lotus tetragonolobus consistently reacts with ductal and acinar epithelium but with varying intensities. Consistent binding patterns have been found for wheat germ agglutinin and peanut lectin, the latter after the use of neuraminidase. They therefore form a useful basis for comparison with the reactivity of malignant breast tissue.
Histometrical investigation of the pulmonary artery in severe hepatic disease
Authors: Matsubara O. , Nakamura T. , Uehara T. , Kasuga T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHistological changes of the pulmonary vasculature in comparison with that of the portal vein in necropsy cases of severe hepatic injury that had not been associated with clinical pulmonary hypertension were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The main changes of the intra‐hepatic portal vein were dilatation (88·3 per cent), thickening of the wall (58·5 per cent) and thrombi (22·3 per cent). The changes of the pulmonary vasculature were limited to muscular type arteries, which showed dilatation (31·9 per cent), thickening of the wall (30·9 per cent) and thrombi (10·6 per cent). Association of wall thickening of the portal vein and the small pulmonary artery was observed in 30·9 per cent, these associations being statistically significant. Coincidence of thrombus formation in the portal vein and pulmonary vasculature was observed only in 4·3 per cent, which was not statistically significant. After the circumferences of the internal and external elastic lamine of small pulmonary arteries and the cross‐sectional area of the media were measured, the anatomical radius and wall thickness of each artery were calculated according to Furuyama's method. The relations between the anatomical radii and wall thickness of small pulmonary arteries in controls and hepatic cirrhosis groups were investigated by analysis of covariance to compare the equality of the two corresponding regression lines. The wall thickness and the ratio of wall thickness to the anatomical radius of small pulmonary arteries were significantly larger in the cirrhotic group than in the control group. This study suggests that patients with severe hepatic injury are in a state of subclinical pulmonary hypertension and that symptoms of severe pulmonary hypertension may develop progressively or abruptly in some of them. The mechanism of pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension or severe hepatic injury is discussed in reviewing the reported cases.
Pathological aspects of diffuse nodular hyperplasia of the liver
Authors: Weinbren K. , Mutum S. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe microscopical features in specimens of liver tissue from 14 patients considered to be suffering from Diffuse Nodular Hyperplasia (DNH) were compared with the changes found in livers from five other groups of patients. The diagnoses in these groups were macronodular cirrhosis, hepatic venous occlusion, congestive cardiac failure, compensatory hyperplasia after destruction of part of the liver and chronic biliary disease respectively. In all these groups the formation of thick hepatocyte plates, thought to represent cell proliferation, was a constant and striking feature. Such plate thickening in the periportal regions was associated with congestive cardiac failure and with hepatic venous occlusion. The diffuse involvement of almost all plates formed part of the changes in DNH, cirrhosis, compensatory hyperplasia and chronic biliary disease. Normal vascular relations were retained in the patients with compensatory hyperplasia and chronic biliary disease and lost in cirrhosis and, in some parts, in DNH. The nodules were small in DNH and larger in cirrhosis, where they were surrounded by fibrous tissue. DNH appeared to be recognizable in needle biopsy specimens.
Damage and healing in the conducting tissue of the heart (an experimental study in dogs infected with Trypanosoma cruzi)
Authors: Andrade Zilton A. , Andrade Sonia G. , Sadigursky Moysés 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe consequences of acute inflammatory damage and chronic repair in the conducting system of the canine heart were observed after experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection of young dogs. Acute infection lasted for 18–25 days and caused hyaline and lytic necrosis of the atrio‐ventricular conducting fibres, the sinus node and the neurons in the cardiac para‐sympathetic ganglia. Dogs that survived acute disease were examined after periods from 8 months to 3 years. Three main types of healing were found in the conducting system: fibrosis (diffuse and/or focal), sclero‐atrophy and fatty infiltration. No signs of active chronic inflammation were present, although small focal residual accumulations of mononuclear cells were present in some animals. No evident electrocardiographic alterations were elicited by the presence of such cicatricial lesions. The animal model appears worthwhile for the study of the healing process in conducting tissue of the heart and for the better understanding of the asymptomatic phase of T. cruzi infection in man.
Immunolocalization of prealbumin as a marker for carcinoid tumours
Authors: Miller I. D. , Reid W. A. , Liddle Christine N. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a PAP immunoperoxidase technique, we have demonstrated the plasma protein prealbumin in 92 (87 percent) out of a series of 106 carcinoid tumours from various sites. The frequency of detection was greater than with the conventional stains; 83 (78 per cent) of the cases were positive for one or more of these stains. The Grimelius technique was by far the most effective of the conventional stains; it was positive in 81 (76 per cent) cases. We were unable to detect prealbumin in a variety of carcinomas. Although prealbumin identification did not appear to have any advantage over the routine stains in midgut‐derived carcinoids. it was much more effective in the diagnosis of bronchial (foregut) and rectal (hindgut) carcinoids. We believe that prealbumin staining offers a cheap. reliable and valuable method for the detection of carcinoid tumours in routine histopathology.
Usefulness of enzyme‐ and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma
Authors: De Wolf‐Peeters C. , Facchetti F. , Degreef H. , Van Den Oord J. J. , Vanneste A. , Desmet V. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSkin biopsies from two children with juvenile xanthogranuloma were studied. Enzyme‐ and immunohistochemistry was used to establish the mononuclear phagocytic nature of the proliferating dermal elements. The usefulness of both techniques in the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of this disease is suggested.
The effects of long‐term administration of methyltestosterone on the development of liver lesions in BALB/c mice
Authors: Taylor William , Snowball Stanley , Lesna Milena 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMale and female BALB/c mice were treated orally with 5 mg/kg body weight of methyltestosterone for 10 months. Age‐matched control animals received no steroid treatment. The livers of all animals were examined by standard histopathological methods. Hepatocellular dysplasia was found in livers of all treated mice, but not in control animals. The extent and severity of this dysplasia showed a sex difference. Most of the male mice (55/78) developed severe dysplasia and in 23/78 the dysplasia was only moderate; the corresponding numbers for female mice were: mild, 15/71; moderate, 48/71 and severe dysplasia, 8/71. Microscopic hepatocytic nodules were found in 6/78 males and 7/71 females. Hepatocellular carcinoma was seen in one male mouse. These findings indicate that methyltestosterone appears to act as a weak total hepatocarcinogen under the experimental conditions used.
Yorkshire regional lymphoma histopathology panel: Analysis of five years' experience
Authors: Bird C. C. , Lauder I. , Kellett H. S. , Chorlton I. , Barnes N. , Darwin C. , Cartwright R. A. , Boyko R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFive years' experience of operating a Regional Lymphoma Histopathology Panel is described. During this period, approximately 1400 cases were registered of which nearly 1200 were confirmed as malignant lymphoma. Complete concordance of diagnosis was achieved between submitting pathologists and the Panel in two‐thirds of cases of Hodgkin's disease and just over half of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Most discrepancies in diagnosis were found to be of clinical importance in terms of prognosis and/or therapeutic management of patients. In approximately two‐thirds of such instances disagreement arose because of wrong assignment of tumour grade within the main lymphoma class but in one‐third of cases the main class of lymphoma was wrongly designated. Panel members experienced similar diagnostic problems as submitting pathologists although to a lesser extent. The existence of the panel has not reduced the proportion of cases causing diagnostic difficulty for submitting pathologists or panel members during the 5 year study period. The principal cause of death was ascertained from death certificates and autopsy findings in nearly half the cases dying during the study period. In approximately half of these infection (largely pulmonary) played a major role while most of the remainder died of various cardiovascular, pulmonary or renal disorders. There was no specific pattern relating to the main lymphoma class. It is concluded that whilst the panel fulfils a useful function in resolving diagnostic difficulties and standardizing lymphoma diagnosis its role is restricted somewhat by the limitations imposed by conventional morphological assessments.
Immunostaining of neuron‐specific enolase is a valuable AID to the cytological diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours of the lung
Authors: Springall David R. , Lackie Peter , Levene Max M. , Marangos Paul J. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe neuroendocrine marker neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) has been reported to be detectable by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung. There is no study of immunodetection of NSE in cytological smear preparations from these tumours. We have examined 10 cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung, using cells obtained from serous fluids or bronchial biopsies, and found all but one had NSE‐like immunoreactivity. No such immunoreactivity was found in 26 serous fluids and 19 biopsies from non‐small‐cell carcinomas. It is suggested, therefore, that immunostaining for NSE is a valuable aid to the cytological diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the lung.
The monocyte/macrophage population of the normal human kidney
Authors: Marshall Robert J. , Maciver Angus G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is continuing controversy over the role of mononuclear phagocytes in glomerulonephritis. It is, therefore, important to know their distribution in normal subjects. Normal kidneys (34) were assessed using three cytoplasmic markers for macrophages employing a trypsin–immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique with antibodies to α‐1‐antitrypsin, muramidase (lysozyme) and a further oligoclonal antibody, serum 22, developed against highly purified preparations of blood monocytes. Serum 22 detected twice as many monocytes/macrophages as anti‐muramidase and four times as many as anti‐α‐1‐antitrypsin. Most cells that showed positive staining lay in glomerular and intertubular capillaries and were considered to be blood monocytes. There was wide variation in monocyte numbers throughout different glomeruli and up to 14 monocytes could be present in a glomerulus. Not more than 1 per cent lay within the mesangium. Macrophages were virtually never seen in the interstitium, except in areas of scarring. No macrophages were present in the tubules. Monocytes and macrophages are demonstrated in greater numbers within the kidney by antisera to muramidase than to α‐1‐antitrypsin.
Ductal adenoma of the breast: A lesion which can mimic carcinoma
Authors: Azzopardi J. G. , Salm R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwenty‐four cases of a solid benign tumour of breast ducts are described, for which we propose the name ‘ductal adenoma’. The lesion consists of a single nodule or multiple nodules involving medium size and small ducts, but not major subareolar ducts. It presents as a palpable lump, and is not associated with a nipple discharge. Clinically, radiologically and macroscopically, it can simulate malignancy because of its occurrence in older age groups, frequent microcalcification and the firmness and irregularity of many lesions. Fibrous sclerosis sometimes results in distortion with apparent invasion of surrounding tissue. It can be mistaken for carcinoma both on frozen and paraffin sections. Differentiation into epithelial and myoepithelial cells is the most reliable criterion in the recognition of this lesion as benign. It has microscopic affinities with ductal papilloma, on the one hand and with salivary‐type adenoma, on the other. Ductal adenoma constitutes the third major type of adenoma in the breast, in addition to the already widely recognized nipple adenoma and tubular adenoma.
Ferritin deposition in the glomerular deposits of focal glomerular sclerosis in the rat
Authors: Melcion Celine , Smith Jennifer , Cattell Victoria 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe glomerular lesions of focal sclerosis clinically associated with a steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome, are of unknown origin. IgM and C3 deposits and electron dense material found in areas of sclerosis are not convincing evidence of an immune pathogenesis. These deposits have been studied in a rat model of focal sclerosis induced by uninephrectomy and repeated aminonucleoside administration. Sclerotic lesions closely resembling human disease developed in the remaining kidney. There was a severe progressive proteinuria. Seventy‐eight days after initial aminonucleoside injection 65 per cent of glomeruli were sclerotic with IgM, IgG, C3 and fibrinogen deposits, and electron dense deposits by electron microscopy. To study macromolecule deposition in this model of focal sclerosis, ferritin uptake 4 and 24 h after intravenous ferritin given at 77 days was compared in focal sclerosis rats with control rats without sclerosis (uninephrectomy plus saline‐only injections). In focal sclerosis rats sclerotic areas contained massive accumulations of ferritin. In unaffected segments of sclerotic glomeruli, and normal glomeruli of focal sclerosis rats, ferritin concentration was no different from controls. Abnormal ferritin trapping in areas of sclerosis suggests that the presence of IgM and C3 may be due to a similar mechanism, and is not indicative of an immune pathogenesis for focal sclerosis.
Amiodarone lung toxicity: A human and experimental study
Authors: Costa‐Jussà F. R. , Corrin B. , Jacobs J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the pathology of pulmonary histiocytosis developing in a patient treated with amiodarone, and reports comparable changes in the lungs of rats and mice to which this drug had been administered. Ultrastructural studies indicate that the experimental lung changes are similar to those produced by iprindole and chlorphentermine. The patient also displayed focal necroses and an eosinophilic bronchiolitis: these may represent further effects of amiodarone on the lung.