bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the incompatibility gap in dual asymmetric catalysis over a thermoresponsive hydrogel-supported catalyst
Authors: Huang Renfu , Yang Shoujin , Hu Zhipeng , Peng Bangtai , Zhu Yuanli , Cheng Tanyu , Liu Guohua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe integration of dual asymmetric catalysis is highly beneficial for the synthesis of organic molecules with multiple stereocenters. However, two major issues that need to be addressed are the intrinsic deactivation of dual-species and the extrinsic conflict of reaction conditions. To overcome these concerns, we have utilized the compartmental and thermoresponsive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to develop a cross-linked PNIPAM-hydrogel-supported bifunctional catalyst. This catalyst is designed with Rh(diene) species situated on the outer surface and Ru(diamine) species positioned within the interior of the hydrogel. The compartmental function of PNIPAM in the middle overcomes intrinsic mutual deactivations between the dual-species. The thermoresponsive nature of PNIPAM allows for precise control of catalytic pathways in resolving external conflicts by controlling the reaction switching between an Rh-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-addition at 50°C and a Ru-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) at 25°C. As we envisioned, this sequential 1,4-addition/reduction dual enantioselective cascade reaction achieves a transformation from incompatibility to compatibility, resulting in direct access to γ-substituted cyclic alcohols with dual stereocenters in high yields and enantio/diastereoselectivities. Mechanistic investigation reveals a reversible temperature transition between 50°C and 25°C, ensuring a cascade process comprising a 1,4-addition followed by the ATH process.
A systematic review of the definitions, narratives and paths forwards for a protein transition in high-income countries
Authors: Duluins Océane , Baret Philippe Vincent 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe protein transition, aiming to rebalance protein intake between animal and alternative proteins, is gaining momentum in scientific and policy discussions on food system transformation. Here, using a systematic review approach, we identified 33 articles that address challenges in reducing the environmental impacts of protein production and consumption, providing healthy diets for a growing population and preventing adverse effects of industrial livestock production systems. We found unclear definitions of the protein transition, conflicting views on reduction or replacement of dietary protein and a lack of attention to systemic change by reducing protein to its macronutrient function. Three narratives were identified, namely, the consumer narrative focusing on consumption-based solutions targeting dietary changes; the techno-centred narrative developing new, more resource-efficient protein production systems; and the socio-technological narrative that intends to transition the agri-food system from an animal-dominated regime to an alternative protein regime. We conclude that solutions should consider factors such as scale, initiating actors and expected impact to support complementary protein transition approaches.
Unlocking the potential of ordinary Portland cement with hydration control additive enabling low-carbon building materials
Authors: Li Xuerun , Grassl Harald , Hesse Christoph , Dengler Joachim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrdinary Portland cement (OPC) is the core ingredient of many construction materials. In 2022, 4.1 billion tons were used worldwide, contributing to ~8% of CO2 emissions ( ~ 3 Gt/year). Nevertheless, the complete strength-generating capacity of OPC remains unrealized due to the restricted conversion of aluminates to ettringite, caused by conventional hydration kinetics. Here we show a hydration control additive that selectively modifies the hydration kinetics, thereby facilitating enhanced dissolution of aluminates (calcium aluminoferrite and tricalcium aluminate) in OPC, which promotes ettringite formation at a desired time. Increasing ettringite content improves packing of the hardened cement, resulting in ~50% higher specific strength and enabling cement reduction. It also increases OPC strength development efficiency, reducing carbon footprint by ~30%. The use of this additive can be combined with methods such as reducing water and/or using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to prepare building materials with significantly fewer CO2 emissions than those from conventional OPC.
Indian interstate trade exacerbates nutrient pollution in food production hubs
Authors: Goyal Shekhar Sharan , Dave Raviraj , Kumar Rohini , Bhatia Udit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntensive agricultural practices have powered green revolutions, helping nations attain self-sufficiency. However, these fertilizer-intensive methods and exploitative trade systems have created unsustainable agricultural systems. To probe the environmental consequences on production hubs, we map the fate of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in India’s interstate staple crop trade over the recent decade. The nation’s food bowls, while meeting national food demand, are becoming pollution-rich, sustaining around 50% of the total surplus from trade transfer, accounting for 710 gigagrams of nitrogen per year and 200 gigagrams of phosphorus per year. In combination with water balance analysis, surplus nutrient conversion to a graywater footprint further highlights an aggravated situation in major producer regions facing long-term water deficits. Given India’s role in global food security, identifying the nation’s environmental vulnerability can help in designing appropriate policy interventions for sustainable development.
Auditory-motor synchronization and perception suggest partially distinct time scales in speech and music
Authors: Barchet Alice Vivien , Henry Molly J. , Pelofi Claire , Rimmele Johanna M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpeech and music might involve specific cognitive rhythmic timing mechanisms related to differences in the dominant rhythmic structure. We investigate the influence of different motor effectors on rate-specific processing in both domains. A perception and a synchronization task involving syllable and piano tone sequences and motor effectors typically associated with speech (whispering) and music (finger-tapping) were tested at slow (~2 Hz) and fast rates (~4.5 Hz). Although synchronization performance was generally better at slow rates, the motor effectors exhibited specific rate preferences. Finger-tapping was advantaged compared to whispering at slow but not at faster rates, with synchronization being effector-dependent at slow, but highly correlated at faster rates. Perception of speech and music was better at different rates and predicted by a fast general and a slow finger-tapping synchronization component. Our data suggests partially independent rhythmic timing mechanisms for speech and music, possibly related to a differential recruitment of cortical motor circuitry.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from gestational diabetes show impaired ability to up-regulate paracellular permeability from sub-endothelial niche
Authors: Salem Samar , Leach Lopa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) can cross umbilical and uterine endothelial barriers and up-regulate endothelial junctional integrity from sub-endothelial niches. This pericytic behaviour may be lost in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes (GDM), where increased vascular permeability and junctional disruption are reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WJ-MSCs isolated from GDM pregnancies displayed any changes in morphology, proliferation, VEGF-A secretion, and their ability to influence paracellular junctional composition and permeability. WJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords from normal pregnancies (nWJ-MSCs, n=13) and those complicated by GDM (gWJ-MSCs), either diet-controlled (d-GDM, n=13) or metformin-treated (m-GDM, n=9). We recorded that 4-fold more WJ-MSCs migrated from m-GDM, and 2.5-fold from d-GDM cord samples compared with the normal pregnancy. gWJ-MSCs showed a less predominance of spindle-shaped morphology and secreted 3.8-fold more VEGF-A compared with nWJ-MSCs. The number of cells expressing CD105 (Endoglin) was higher in gWJ-MSCs compared with nWJ-MSCs (17%) at P-2. The tracer leakage after 24 h across the HUVEC + gWJ-MSCs bilayer was 22.13% and 11.2% higher in the m-GDM and d-GDM, respectively, HUVEC + nWJ-MSCs. Transfection studies with siRNAs that target Endoglin were performed in n-WJ-MSCs; transfected cells were co-cultured with HUVEC followed by permeability studies and VE-cadherin analyses. Loss of Endoglin also led to increased VEGF-A secretion, increased permeability and affected endothelial stabilization. These results reinforce the pericytic role of nWJ-MSCs to promote vascular repair and the deficient ability of gWJ-MSCs to maintain endothelial barrier integrity.
An analytical formula for back EMF waveform of a counter‐rotating dual‐rotor non‐slotted axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine
Authors: Mirzahosseini Reza , Rahimi Namaghi Elham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) permanent magnet (PM) machines are gaining more attention for low‐speed applications because of their great advantages. This paper proposes a new structure for an FSCW double rotor axial flux PM synchronous machine (DRAFPMSM) with counter‐rotating rotors. In addition, an analytical formula for the Back EMF waveform of the proposed structure is presented. The accuracy of the formula is investigated by designing a 40 W sample machine. The rotors of this machine rotate with speeds of 600 and 428 rpm in opposite directions. The Back EMF of the sample machine is calculated using the suggested formula. In addition, the finite element method (FEM) is used to determine the Back EMF waveform. Comparison of the obtained results confirms that the new formula yields the Back EMF precisely such that the results well match to those of FEM. The effect of the relative position of two rotors on the Back EMF waveform is investigated using the proposed formula. In addition, the optimum relative position of two rotors for minimizing the Back EMF THD of the case study machine is determined.
Safety analysis of autonomous vehicles based on target detection error
Authors: Rong Donglei , Jin Sheng , Liu Bokun , Yao Wenbin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConnected and automated vehicles (CAVs) rely on their perception systems to detect traffic objects, with the uncertainty in detection results significantly influencing the safety of their decision‐making and control mechanisms. This paper introduces a safety potential field for CAVs that accounts for target detection errors. Initially, the paper categorizes errors arising from target detection into classification, labelling, and positioning categories. Subsequently, an elliptical model‐based safety potential field is developed, incorporating potential field line optimization using safety thresholds and lane lines. This approach facilitates the determination of critical values and safety distribution for the potential field. The paper then proceeds with coefficient calibration and experimental analysis to validate the reliability of the proposed model. Findings indicate that as target detection errors increasingly manifest, the safety potential field area for CAVs becomes more restrictive, enhancing the field's sensitivity to these errors. The critical safety value for CAVs is maintained within the range of [0 m, 7 m], providing a stable basis for decision‐making and control. Additionally, the safety value for CAVs falls between [15, 25], favouring the improvement of safety gradient distribution under the calibrated safety potential field values.
Transition from Paediatric to Adult Care in CAH: 20 Years of
Experience at a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Kiewert Cordula , Jedanowski Julia , Hauffa Berthold P. , Petersenn Stephan , Mann Klaus , Führer Dagmar , Unger Nicole 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition medicine aims at the coordinated transfer of young patients with a
chronic disease from paediatric to adult care. The present study reflects 20
years of experience in transitioning patients with congenital adrenal
hyperplasia (CAH) in a single center setting. Our endocrine transition-clinic
was established in 2002 and offers joint paediatric and adult consultations.
Data were evaluated retrospectively from 2002 to 2005 and 2008 to present.
Fifty-nine patients (29 males) were transferred. Median age was 18.4 years
(17.6–23.6). Ninety percent of the patients presented with
21-hydroxlase-deficiency (21-OHD), 38 patients (23 m) with salt-wasting
(sw), 7 (1 m) with simple-virilising (sv) and 8 (3 m) with the
non-classic (nc) form. Rarer enzyme deficiencies were found in 6 cases:
17α-OHD (2 sisters), P450-oxidoreductase-deficiency (2 siblings),
3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-deficiency (1 m) and
11β-OHD (1 female). Thirty-four patients (57.6%, 20 m)
are presently still attending the adult clinic, 1 patient (1.7%, m)
moved away and 24 (40.7%, 8 m) were lost to follow-up (13
sw-21-OHD, 6 sv-21-OHD, 5 nc-21-OHD). Thirty-seven patients (62.7%)
attended the adult clinic for >2 years after transfer, 17
(28.8%) for >10 years. In the lost to follow-up group, median
time of attendance was 16.3 months (0–195.2). Defining a successful
transfer as two or more visits in the adult department after initial
consultation in the transition clinic, transfer was efficient in 84.7%
of the cases. A seamless transfer to adult care is essential for adolescents
with CAH. It requires a continuous joint support during the transition period,
remains challenging, and necessitates adequate funding.
Statement of the Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine Working Group (AGG – Preterm Birth Section) on “Outpatient Management for Pregnant Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)”
Authors: Kunze Mirjam , Maul Holger , Kyvernitakis Ioannis , Stelzl Patrick , Rath Werner , Berger Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPreterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. After a PPROM, more than 50% of pregnant women are delivered within 7 days.
Fetal and maternal risks are primarily due to infection and inflammation, placental abruption, umbilical cord complications and preterm birth.Standard care usually consists of an expectant approach. Management includes the administration of antenatal steroids and antibiotic therapy. Patients with PPROM require close
monitoring.The management of pregnant women with PPROM (inpatient vs. outpatient) is still the subject of controversial debate. The international guidelines also do not offer a clear stance. The
statement presented here discusses the current state of knowledge.
The Adrenal Gland: A Fascinating Object of Research and Clinical Care
Showcased at the 15th German Adrenal Conference in
Dresden
Authors: Kroiss Matthias , Bechmann Nicole 
Published: January 2024

Dear colleagues,When younger fellows ask for guidance on how to choose a research project, many
aspects require consideration: how to select a supervisor and mentor, should one
change the institution, how does the project boost the later professional career,
what are personal and professional aims. As many can probably relate it is passion
for the research topic, both by the fellow and the mentor, that will go a long way
and most often result in successful project completion.
Beyond right and wrong: on the conditionality of dirty hands
Authors: Malkopoulou Anthoula , Dhar Siddhartha Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDirty Hands theorists disagree about how agents should resolve a high-cost moral dilemma, but their disagreement is partly because they tend to discuss widely different cases of a broad and heterogeneous phenomenon. Moralists are typically concerned with problems that often involve an agent who is under coercion and is asked to engage in an activity that will cause severe and certain harm to individuals. Realists, on the other hand, base their observations on cases where political parties negotiate to form coalitions or policy platforms; these compromises may affect the political integrity and representative credibility of the agent, but less so their moral integrity as measured by universal moral standards. Yet, both types of Dirty Hand scenarios concern the same phenomenon: an urgency to make a morally costly compromise. As a result, we propose to evaluate Dirty Hands problems by placing them on a dual continuum based on two conditions: their projected outcomes, and their external circumstances. We propose that the position of a moral problem on this continuum affects the extent to which a compromise is or is not excusable. Finally, we consider the implications of our findings for the Dirty Hands debate and for the study of political ethics more broadly.
Impacts of border closure policy on entrepreneurial activities in selected main markets in Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Busari Dauda A. , Kayode Demilade , Olonade Olawale Y. , George Tayo O. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEntrepreneurial activities are fast becoming the primary means of livelihood as an increasing number of people are embracing it to overcome socio-economic challenges. However, many in certain sectors of the entrepreneurial activities are faced with many policy challenges. This study seeks to find out the lived experiences of the retailers involved in entrepreneurial activities related to the border closure and the effect of the policy on entrepreneurs’ businesses as it influences the informal sector in the Ibadan metropolis. The study adopts the Mertons’ Functionalist theory to situate study concepts. The descriptive research design with the use of qualitative methodology was adopted for the study. The in-depth interview was conducted with 10 entrepreneurs in the Ibadan metropolis and analysed in themes in line with the study objectives. This is adjudged sufficient for a qualitative study and many of the responses were almost similar. Study findings show that there have been more complaints about their activities since the border closure policy was enacted. That is, the state of entrepreneurial activities has been deteriorating since the implementation of the policy. However, irrespective of the challenges, the study reveals that the entrepreneurs still make their profit, even though at a reduced rate. Based on the findings, it was recommended that entrepreneurs be educated and sensitised on the impact and usefulness of any government decision on the business environment to prevent opposition within the society. In addition, the porosity of the border (land border) and not the closure of the wall should be of much concern to the government and their officials; hence, the government should tighten up the borders by having strict regulations when it comes to trading, importation and exportation of commodities across borders.
Boron tin oxide for filterless intrinsic-narrowband solar-blind ultraviolet detectors with tunable photoresponse peak from 231 to 275 nm
Authors: Xu Cunhua , Zhang Chaofan , Jia Lemin , Wang Zhao , He Junfang , Zheng Wei 
Published: January 2024

Solar-blind ultraviolet (SBUV) detection has a great prospect in a wide range of applications, in which the synthesis of semiconductor materials with a suitable bandgap can be an important research focus. In this work, BSnO films with good selectivity for SBUV were grown by magnetron sputtering with the bandgap adjusted from 4.1 to 5.3 eV. Based on the BSnO films, filter-less narrowband SBUV detectors were fabricated first, exhibiting a narrow detection range and an ultra-high responsivity (113 A/W) required by the detection of extremely weak SBUV signals. In addition, graphene/BSnO/SiC heterojunction photovoltaic detectors were also fabricated, with a high photo-to-dark current ratio and an ultra-fast response exhibited under 0 V bias, confirming their ability to handle the detection of transient signals.
High index dielectric films on metals: An island of emission
Authors: Maytin Andrew , Gruebele Martin 
Published: January 2024

Fluorescent emitters are quenched near the surfaces of metals via rapid energy transfer to the metal, via surface plasmons, waveguide modes, and absorption. Commonly, this quenching is reduced by introducing a polymeric or dielectric spacer but requires large distances, at least a fraction of the wavelength, between the metal and chromophore. Using the classical theory for a dipole above a metal/dielectric substrate, we investigate the fluorescent yield for emitters above a wide range of metals and spacers. For metals with low loss and low plasma frequencies, a high index spacer is shown to be advantageous for obtaining higher fluorescent yield in an “island of emission” at finely tuned spacer thickness just 20–30 nm from the metal surface. For such metal–dielectric combinations, fluorophores can be placed surprisingly close to the metal surface while remaining significantly emissive.
Collocations of fictive motion verbs in adventure tourism
Authors: Jiménez-Navarro Eva Lucía , Durán-Muñoz Isabel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the collocations produced by a set of fictive motion verbs found in a specialized corpus
representing the language of adventure tourism. Since our ultimate aim is to contribute to the characterization of this
specialized language, we defined two specific objectives: (1) to analyze the motion verbs and their meanings extracted from the
Advencor corpus, and (2) to identify the collocates of these verbs as well as the semantic roles they express. After
the application of our methodology, eight motion verbs produced 35 collocations satisfying all the established criteria. The
results focus on different aspects: (1) the verbs convey distinct meanings, such as motion on a vertical axis or direction towards
a destination; (2) the most recurrent combination is noun + verb, where the former describes the inanimate entity that seems to
perform motion; (3) collocation production and collocation strength are not correlated; and (4) the collocates accompanying the
verbs under analysis shed light on the argument structure of these verbs, for they represent one of the participants. In
conclusion, this work provides relevant information about the phraseology of fictive motion verbs in the language of adventure
tourism and proves the specialization of this domain.
Introduction
Authors: Riazi A. Mehdi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter is organized into two
sections. The first section, the introduction, discusses
research methodology in Applied Linguistics (AL), considering
recent methodological debates. Each of the methodologies
included in this volume is presented in two chapters, a
theoretical and a showcase practical chapter. The second
section, therefore, provides a synopsis of each of the chapters.
The two sections of the introductory chapter provide a context
for the readers so that they develop a general idea of what will
follow in the body of the book.