bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Compose/Submit Grant Applications
Authors: Schwartzkroin Philip A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The world of the research scientist revolves around grants that provide the funding to carry out experiments. Virtually every research project, whatever the field and whatever the level, is supported by some type of grant mechanism. Research costs money, often a lot of money, and certainly more money than scientists can provide themselves. Research grants are the means through which scientists can pay salaries (sometimes their own, as well as salaries for research assistants, students, and fellows), buy equipment (ranging from a few hundred dollars to many millions), pay for animal subjects and reimburse human volunteers, and provide essential supplies for the laboratory. Grants may pay for travel, consultants, contractual arrangements with other laboratories or institutions, rents for laboratory space, and virtually anything else you might imagine. They are, without exaggeration, the lifeblood of the research community.
Foundation
Authors: Schloss Joseph G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
B-boying is a form of Afro-diasporic competitive dance that developed in the Bronx, NY in the early 1970s. Widely - though incorrectly - known as “breakdancing,” it is often dismissed as a form of urban acrobatics set to music. In reality, however, b-boying is a deeply traditional and profoundly expressive art form that has been passed down from teacher to student for almost four decades. Foundation: B-boys, B-girls and Hip-Hop Culture in New York offers the first serious study of b-boying as both unique dance form and a manifestation of the most fundamental principles of hip-hop culture. Drawing on anthropological and historical research, interviews and personal experience as a student of the dance, Joseph Schloss presents a nuanced picture of b-boying and its social context. From the dance’s distinctive musical repertoire and traditional educational approaches to its complex stylistic principles and secret battle strategies, Foundation illuminates a previously unexamined thread in the complex tapestry that is contemporary hip-hop.
Non-Epileptic Childhood Paroxysmal Disorders
Authors: Dimario Francis J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is a book written for those of us who evaluate the many quirks and behaviors encountered in the lives of developing children. The number of important pathologic conditions that befall this age group is staggering. However, equally staggering is the number of episodic and often benign or developmentally programmed paroxysmal events encountered in this population. The nature of these episodic events in many circumstances leads to their erroneous identification as epileptic in nature. It is my hope that this book will serve as a compendium of those episodically manifest entities often uniquely observed in childhood. The book is organized with some foundations in terminology and an in depth analysis of epidemiology of many of these disorders. As best possible, epidemiologic data are compiled with incidence and prevalence figures provided for comparisons. Discussion on the deductive approach to their clinical assessment is provided along with emphasis on the diagnostic clues contained within the descriptive and observational information provided during clinical evaluation. A categorization of the differential features and ages of presentation are provided as a means to help direct logical diagnostic considerations. Subsequent chapters are organized by major topic (i.e.) Syncopes, Sleep Phenomena, Somatizaion, Factitious Illness, Movement Disorders, and Migraine Syndromes. Each chapter provides discourse on the general principles of underlying pthophysiologic mechanisms and curent knowledge about the chapter topic under discussion. Specific clinical entities encompassed within the general topic are then discussed individually with particular attention to their clinical descriptions and presentations, natural history, particular pathophysiology, genetics, pertinent laboratory, and treatments. The text is aplified by pertinent tables highlighting diagnostic criteria where this applies and reference information where needed. The text is generously referenced to encompass the most relevant information available.
Epidemic Depression and Burtonian Melancholy
Authors: Radden Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Data indicate the ubiquity and rapid increase of depression wherever war, want, and social upheaval are found. The goal of this essay is to clarify such claims and draw conceptual distinctions separating the depressive states that are pathological from those that are normal and normative responses to misfortune. I do so by appeal to early modern writing on melancholy by Robert Burton where, although the inchoate and boundless nature of melancholy symptoms are emphasized, universal suffering is separated from the disease states known as melancholy or melancholia, and normal temperamental variation is placed in contrast to such disease states.
Methodology
Authors: Thornhill Randy , Gangestad Steven W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary biologists use a variety of methods to analyze the traits of organisms and understand how they have come about and been maintained. Our approach to understanding woman’s sexuality applies two classes of broadly de0ned methods: adaptationism and phylogenetics. For several reasons, we explicitly review the rationale of these two approaches prior to discussing their application to women’s sexuality. First, methodology in evolutionary biology has been controversial, and we wish to be clear about our own assumptions. Second, evolutionary biologists use analytic methods that fall outside of these two classes; we wish to state the reasons we implement our methods. Third, it is not always recognized that our two methods are not alternatives in the study of evolutionary history; they typically are used to address different ultimate causes that complement one another—indeed, both are needed to build a complete understanding of evolutionary history.
Female Ornaments and Signaling
Authors: Thornhill Randy , Gangestad Steven W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sexual selection researchers refer to a variety of morphological features that capture the visual attention of conspeci0cs (notably, those of the other sex) but do not function as weapons or shields but as ornaments (Bradbury & Vehrencamp, 1998; the Latin root of the word means “to adorn or decorate”). Examples include patches of skin that are brightly colored, gatherings of colored feathers, feather plumes, and elongated or elaborated 0ns and tails. The same term, however, aptly applies to olfactory and acoustical traits that attract attention from conspeci0cs, notably in sexual contexts. In most animal species, males are the more ornamented sex (Andersson, 1994). Nonetheless, females in sex-role-reversed species, some socially monogamous species, some polygynous species with male territoriality or other mating systems, and some Old World primates possess ornaments. In Old World primates, female ornaments are referred to as sexual swellings—enlarged, often differentially colored anogenital areas. Old World primate females with multimale, multifemale social arrangements (e.g., most macaques, man- drills, baboons, and chimpanzees) typically possess sexual swellings, but so, to lesser degrees, do a monogamous gibbon and a harem polygynous langur (Dixson, 1998; cf. Pagel & Meade, 2006). Female sexual swellings occur in other mammalian taxa and at least one species of bird (see review in Dixson, 1998). Relatedly, some female primates and other species display a sexual skin, a differentially colored anogenital region with- out accompanying edema (swelling).
Are All Species Equal?
Authors: Schmidtz David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Species egalitarianism is the view that all living things have equal moral standing. To have moral standing is, at a minimum, to command respect, to be more than a mere thing. Is there reason to believe that all living things have moral standing in even this most minimal sense? If so—that is, if all living things command respect—is there reason to believe that they all command equal respect?
Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wallace Daniel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on the definitions of lupus given in Chapter 2, 70% of all cases of lupus are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), evenly divided into organthreatening (35%) and non-organ-threatening (35%) categories. The remainder of cases are cutaneous lupus (15%), mixed connective tissue disease (5%), overlap syndromes (5%), and drug-induced lupus (5%). There are seven undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) patients for every lupus patient. The true incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus in the United States are difficult to ascertain. Surveys have shown that only one in three patients told by a physician that he or she has SLE meets the American College of Rheumatology criteria.Hospital discharge summaries may or may not list lupus as a comorbidity. Only 10,000 death certificates in the United States included lupus in a recent year, but these documents vary state to state and are not configured to determine whether conditions such as lupus are present, concentrating instead upon the immediate cause of death. Patients may not list lupus as a diagnosis on insurance forms to avoid higher premiums, and many lupus patients do not have health insurance. There is wide variance relative to racial, ethnic, and geographic factors. Overall, the worldwide prevalence of lupus ranges from 14 to 172 cases per 100,000 people, and its annual incidence is 1.8 to 7.6 cases per 100,000.
Life Unity out of diversity
Authors: Cordes Eugene H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Life! We celebrate its arrival and bemoan its passing. Between birth and death, we protect life, cling to it, and perhaps prepare for what may come after it. The birth of a healthy baby is one of the defining events in the course of a marriage. Like most people, I recall the birth of our children, a daughter first and later a son, with joy and pleasure. Without question, these are two of the most memorable events in what is now quite a long life. Later, I derived happiness from the births of our four grandchildren, a granddaughter followed by three grandsons. That happiness was widely shared by family and friends: at each birth, a new life brimming with possibility was brought into the world. My wife and I follow the progress of these lives with love and care. We will continue to do that until our lives have come to their inevitable end.
Amino acids The building blocks of proteins
Authors: Cordes Eugene H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, I introduced proteins as an amazing family of large molecules serving multiple roles in life, from catalysis to defense, to structure, and much more. Proteins are also a great example of one facet of our definition of life: chemical properties. Proteins are found in all living organisms and in many products of living organisms. They are also key constituents of viruses, at the edge between the living and nonliving. However, proteins do not occur in inanimate nature.
Cerebellar and Vestibular Symptomatology*
Authors: Philippon Jacques , Poirier Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The description of cerebellar symptomatology was a major part of Babinski’s work, and the neologisms he created (with one exception, cerebellar catalepsy) are even today commonly used in daily medical language, including terms such as hypermetry, diadochokinesia, and asynergy. Vestibular symptomatology, especially voltaic vertigo, also attracted his attention. On the other hand, Babinski, not being involved in anatomoclinical studies, was completely uninvolved in the definition of some new syndromes that contemporary neurologists identified.1 The most notable include Marie cerebellar hereditary ataxia (1893), Dejerine-9omas olivopontocerebellar atrophy (1900), Holmes familial olivocerebellar atrophy (1907), Lejonne and Lhermitte olivorubrocerebellar atrophy (1909), and, later, Ramsay-Hunt dentorubro atrophy (1921), as well as Marie-Foix-Alajouanine syndrome (ataxia of the cerebellum in the elderly) (1922).2
Babinski’s Public Image
Authors: Philippon Jacques , Poirier Jacques 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Joseph Babinski’s public image, already positive during his career, retains an international impact 150 years after his death. Although this recognition concerns mainly the Babinski sign, which accounts for more than half of the bibliographical references, the fraternal dedication and culinary talents of his brother, which form an integral part of his life story, are reflected as well. 9ere is still some mystery concerning his private life, his father’s revolutionary activities, the exotic countries where his father and brother spent several years, and even the exceptional gourmet qualities of Ali-Bab. Too, the authenticity of many anecdotes involving Babinski is sometimes di4cult to confirm. To try to develop a more complete picture of how he is remembered, we can look at the contents of o4cial speeches, the hagiographic writings of his pupils, commemorative celebrations, the mention he receives in encyclopedias and history books, and sites named after him.
Adult Learning Disabilities and Adhd
Authors: Mapou Robert L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on the author's popular workshop, this concise volume provides scientific and practical guidance on assessing learning disabilities and ADHD in adults. It includes instructions for accessing the author's downloadable PowerPoints, as well as a Continuing Education component (3 credits) that is administered by the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. Topics include definitions of disability (including legal definitions), assessment, and management approaches (from medications and therapy to educational and workplace accommodations), and assistive technology and software. Three case examples are provided, along with a sample report. The book is aimed at clinical neuropsychologists and clinical psychologists who are involved in the assessment and management of adults with learning disabilities and/or ADHD.
Diversity in the Fossil Record and Stephen Jay Gould’s Evolving View of the History of Life
Authors: Bambach Richard K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Steve Gould was the most publicly visible paleontologist of the last third of the twentieth century. A brilliant intellect coupled with his forceful and aggressive writing style, iconoclastic views, and passionate advocacy for paleontology as a discipline made Steve exceptionally influential at a time when paleontology was changing from “the handmaiden to stratigraphy” into its modern status as “paleobiology.”
Stephen Jay Gould’S Winnowing Fork Science, Religion, And Creationism
Authors: Kelley Patricia H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the first things I remember seeing, when I moved into my graduate student office a few doors down the hall from Steve Gould’s, was a clipping posted in the hallway with an alarmist title proclaiming that Gould had disproved evolution. I was a bit taken aback; I had come to Harvard to study paleontology with Stephen Jay Gould, and I began to wonder what I had gotten myself into! I didn’t waste too much time before asking Steve about the article. He greeted my query with a chuckle; I don’t remember his exact reply, but it was something like, “Those silly creationists, thinking punctuated equilibrium supports their views. Of course it does nothing of the sort.”
Evolutionary Theory and the Social Uses of Biology
Authors: Kitcher Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stephen Jay Gould was well known to many people for many different reasons: as a prominent paleontologist and evolutionary theorist, as a historian of the earth and life sciences, but perhaps most of all as a brilliant essayist who was able to make all sorts of difficult ideas accessible. From his earliest columns in Natural History, there was a clear desire to inform, to clear up widespread confusions, and to make the sciences he loved come alive for his readers. Steve’s enthusiasms led him to undertake taxing evangelical missions; he was tireless in exposing the fallacies and distortions of “Creation Science,” for example.2 But I want to start with a different set of social concerns, those which stemmed from his deep sympathy with the disadvantaged and his resolute opposition to ventures in biology that were misleadingly portrayed either by scientists or by their public interpreters as buttressing inegalitarian views.
Stephen Jay Gould: Remembering a Geologist
Authors: Schneiderman Jill S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I was a teaching assistant (Harvard calls them “teaching fellows”) from 1983 to 1987 in Steve Gould’s renowned introductory course at Harvard, “The History of Earth and Its Life” (see also the chapter in this volume by my sometimes fellow Rob Ross, one of my colleagues in this endeavor). Some of this time coincided with Steve’s difficult first fight with cancer. Despite his illness, Steve never missed a class or his weekly meeting with his teaching fellows—a fact of which he was justly proud.
Bibliography: Stephen Jay Gould
Authors: Allmon Warren D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This bibliography includes all of Steve Gould’s publications that are known to me other than abstracts. It is based on the list maintained for more than thirty years by his secretary, Agnes Pilot, with additions and corrections from other sources. It is important to note that most of the essays (especially those that originally appeared in Natural History magazine) that were later included in the eleven compilations published during Gould’s lifetime usually appeared in these volumes revised to greater or lesser degrees and/or including new footnotes or postscripts, and thus often were effectively new publications; titles of many of the essays were also changed in the compilations. I have noted title changes and the volume in which essays were reprinted, but have not otherwise indicated editorial alterations. Also not included are most of the many other reprints or republications of Gould’s articles in volumes written or edited by others, nor the many foreign printings and editions of his books. The resulting list includes 814 titles, of which at least 154 (19 percent) were peer-reviewed. I am grateful to Emily Butler, Fred Collier, Kelly Cronin, Jessica Cundiff, Andrea Kreuzer, and Rosamond Purcell for valuable assistance in assembling this bibliography.
The Patient’s Chief Concern and Present Illness
Authors: DeMyer William E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most physicians meet the patient after a receptionist has recorded personal and financial data on a “face sheet” (Table 6–1). Perceptive analysis of face sheets raises many questions (Bluestone, 1996). The first contact with the physician’s office should start the therapeutic process by making the patient feel welcome. Instead, the patient gets grilled by a disinterested receptionist who focuses on a computer screen, a process which annoys anyone, thus souring the very start of the visit. How much personal information should the patient have to disclose to a receptionist in a more or less public setting? To demand that sick persons fill out a form when they feel ill, may fear for their very life, and need to think about what they want to tell the physician seems thoughtless at best, if not heartless. Even if feeling well, many people resent disclosing personal information about their age, race, religion, employment, and marital status, particularly with other patients crowding the waiting room, eavesdropping.
The Family History
Authors: DeMyer William E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perspectives on the family history. The family history discloses specific risks for many patients, such as for breast cancer and diabetes. The technological advances of genomic medicine, in fact, make the time-honored family history more important and indispensable than ever because it provides the basis for genetic testing, genetic counseling (Harper, 2004), and preventive medicine (Guttmacher et al., 2004; King et al., 2002; Rimoin et al., 2001; Yoon et al., 2003). Although not a routine part of the family history, an ecomap (relationships between the family, stressors, and environment) and genogram may be added to the standard pedigree described here (McGuinness et al., 2005; also access online Wikipedia/genogram or ecomap).
Introduction
Authors: Davis Dena S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This Book Is About Parents And Children: children born, not yet born, and not yet even conceived. It is also a book about professionals who get involved in the lives of parents and children, specifically about geneticists, genetic counselors, pediatricians, and other health care professionals who often stand at the intersection between parents, children, and the choices parents face because of the new technologies available to them through genetics and new reproductive technologies. The concept of choice is at the heart of this book in two ways. First, my thinking on this topic is occasioned by the dramatic array of new choices that has opened up to parents and prospective parents through advances in reproductive technology and in genetics. Let me give just one example. In Chapter 3, I talk of Celia, a woman who is an achondroplasic dwarf. When Celia and her husband (also achondroplasic) married and began their family twenty-Nve years ago, they had really only one reproductive choice: whether or not.
Picturesque Signs, Picturing Science
Authors: Teukolsky Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
John Ruskin’s extreme personal qualities have made him an archetype of the Victorian man of letters. His high seriousness, religious conviction, extravagant prose style, and strong moral assertions are all canonized in a daunting collected works of thirty-nine volumes. Ruskin’s reputation stands in particular on his writings promoting Gothic architecture, as encapsulated by his iconic chapter “The Nature of Gothic,” appearing in the middle volume of The Stones of Venice (1853). Here he argues that the irregular shapes of Gothic cathedrals reflect the political freedom allowed to the medieval artisan, as opposed to the symmetrical shapes produced in Victorian workshops, where the workman is entirely “a slave.”
Socialist Design at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Teukolsky Rachel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The luxurious world of British aesthetes has often seemed a distant one to the fiery socialist art communities of the 1880s and 1890s. Aestheticism’s orientation around passive consumption would seem to offer a sharp contrast to the active productions of radical crafts-makers, who saw the decorative arts as political symbols of a more egalitarian society. The Arts and Crafts movement has traditionally been seen as a legacy of Ruskin’s social conscience, producing art objects in the name of progress for working people. Yet, as we have just seen, aestheticism’s political subtexts and public presence gave it a more active role than might be visible to our contemporary eyes. And in this chapter, I explore how certain late-Victorian writers espoused anti-realist visual styles in the name of progressive social change.
The Prokaryote and the Eukaryote
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The decades following the Second World War were heady times for microbiology. Microbes surfaced at the center of biology, as a new generation of scientists converged on Escherichia coli and a few other select microorganisms to investigate the chemical basis of the gene and how it functions in the cell.1 Methodological debates about bacterial classification continued, and so too did the issue of how bacteria could be distinguished from other microbes.