bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General theory of radiative transfer in a magnetized atmosphere with scattering by electrons
Authors: Silant’ev N A , Alekseeva G A , Ananjevskaja Yu K 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Here, we consider the general radiative transfer theory in a magnetized atmosphere for any value of parameter $x=\omega _B/\omega \simeq 0.933\times 10^{-8}\lambda (\mu \mathrm{m}) B(\text{G})$, where ωB is the cyclotron frequency of electron rotation and ω is the angular frequency of considered monochromatic radiation. The main term of the radiative transfer equations $\textbf {J}_{\alpha \beta }$ for the Stokes parameters I, V, U, and Q describes the scattering of radiation coming from all directions and distances. All Stokes parameters of the incident radiation mutually transform into each other along their path due to interference and different cross-sections for them. To find this transformation of the Stokes parameters one has to solve the complex system of transfer equations without the sources and term $\textbf {J}_{\alpha \beta }$. This is done in our paper. First, we present the general solution and then give the solution for the case of a homogeneous magnetic field, where the formulas have clear algebraic form. We note that for small parameter x our formulas describe the known Faraday rotation. Our formulas allow us to derive an integral equation for the density of polarized radiation, multiple scattered in a magnetized atmosphere for any values of the parameter x. The obtained correct radiation transfer equation allows us to calculate the Stokes parameters of radiation emerging from an atmosphere, in particular, for the Milne problem.
Risk of Hepatitis B Reactivation in Patients Receiving Ibrutinib: The National Veterans Affairs Cohort
Authors: Chen Ting-Yi , Jacob David A , Coppin John D , Jinadatha Chetan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Ibrutinib has been a first-line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia since 2014. Case reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after ibrutinib initiation have been presented. The association between the risk of HBV reactivation and ibrutinib initiation remains unclear. This nationwide study aimed to estimate the incidence of HBV reactivation after ibrutinib initiation.

Method
This study included patients who received ibrutinib between 1 February 2014 and 31 October 2019. Possible reactivations were searched by (1) changes in HBV surface antigen or HBV DNA from no data or negative status to positive after ibrutinib initiation, (2) alanine aminotransferase levels that were at least 3 times the baseline value after ibrutinib initiation, and (3) new antiviral prescriptions against HBV after ibrutinib initiation. Individual chart reviews were conducted to identify HBV reactivation attributed to ibrutinib. The cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation was calculated.

Results
A total 4130 patients were eligible during the study period. Of these, patients with negative HBV core antibody (anti-HBcAb; n = 1670) and patients who were taking antivirals against HBV (n = 60) were excluded. There were 2219 patients without anti-HBcAb testing results. Among the remaining 181 patients with positive anti-HBcAb, 7 HBV reactivations were directly attributable to ibrutinib treatment after chart review, for a 3.9% cumulative incidence.

Conclusions
Our study revealed a low cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation after ibrutinib initiation among patients with previous anti-HBcAb positivity, indicating a moderate risk of HBV reactivation.
Increased Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Patients With Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding &gt;8 Weeks, Retrospective Case-control Study
Authors: Melenotte Cléa , Chavarot Nathalie , L’Honneur Anne-Sophie , Bodard Sylvain , Cheminant Morgane , Flahault Adrien , Nguyen Yann , Burgard Marianne , Dannaoui Eric , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth , Parize Perrine , Rouzaud Claire , Scemla Anne , Canouï Etienne , Lafont Emmanuel , Vimpere Damien , Zuber Julien , Charlier Caroline , Suarez Felipe , Anglicheau Dany , Hermine Olivier , Lanternier Fanny , Mouthon Luc , Lortholary Olivier 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Immunocompromised patients now represent the population most at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019. Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral shedding was reported in these patients ranging from several weeks up to 9 months. We conducted a bicentric retrospective case-control study to identify risk and prognostic factors associated with persistent viral shedding in immunocompromised patients.

Material and Methods
Symptomatic immunocompromised adults with persistent SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding &gt;8 weeks were retrospectively included between 1 March 2020 and 24 April 2022 at 2 university hospitals in Paris, France, and matched with a control group consisting of symptomatic immunocompromised patients without persistent viral shedding.

Results
Twenty-nine immunocompromised patients with persistent viral shedding were compared with 40 controls. In multivariate analysis, fever and lymphocytopenia (&lt;0.5 G/L) were associated with an increased risk of persistent viral shedding (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–11.09) P = .048 and OR: 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2–14.7; P = .019, respectively). Unvaccinated patients had a 6-fold increased risk of persistent viral shedding (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.7–25.1; P = .006). Patients with persistent viral shedding were at risk of hospitalization (OR: 4.8; 95 CI, 1.5–15.6; P = .008), invasive aspergillosis (OR: 10.17; 95 CI, 1.15–89.8; P = .037) and death (log-rank test &lt;0.01).

Conclusions
Vaccine coverage was protective against SARS-CoV-2 persistent viral shedding in immunocompromised patients. This new group of immunocompromised patients with SARS-CoV-2 persistent viral shedding is at risk of developing invasive aspergillosis and death and should therefore be systematically screened for this fungal infection for as long as the viral shedding persists.
Risk Stratification of Advanced Fibrosis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatic Steatosis Using the Fibrosis-4, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis, and BARD Scores
Authors: Yendewa George A , Khazan Ana , Jacobson Jeffrey M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and subsequent progression to fibrosis is increasingly prevalent in people with HIV (PWH). We used noninvasive methods to stratify risk and identify associated factors of advanced fibrosis in PWH with NAFLD.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of PWH in our clinic from 2005 to 2022. We used liver imaging or biopsy reports to identify cases of hepatic steatosis after excluding specified etiologies. We used the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), NAFLD Fibrosis (NFS), and body mass index, aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio, and diabetes score scores to stratify fibrosis. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with advanced fibrosis.

Results
Among 3959 PWH in care, 1201 had available imaging or liver biopsies. After exclusions, 114 of 783 PWH had evidence of hepatic steatosis (14.6%). Most were male (71.1%), with a median age of 47 years, and median body mass index of 30.1 kg/m2. Approximately 24% had lean NAFLD (ie, body mass index &lt; 25 kg/m2). Based on the FIB-4 and NFS, 34 (29.8%) and 36 (31.6%) had advanced fibrosis, whereas 1 in 4 had low risk of fibrosis based on FIB-4, NFS, and BARD scores. In adjusted analysis using FIB-4, advanced fibrosis was associated with age &gt; 45 years (adjusted odds ratio, 6.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.93–20.50) and hypoalbuminemia (adjusted odds ratio, 9.45; 95% confidence interval, 2.45–32.52) in addition to elevated transaminases and thrombocytopenia, whereas using the NFS did not identify associations with advanced fibrosis.

Conclusions
We found 14.6% of PWH had NAFLD, with 1 in 3 having advanced fibrosis. Our study provides practical insights into fibrosis risk stratification in HIV primary care settings.
Patient Perspectives on Solid Organ Transplantation From Donors With Hepatitis C Viremia to Recipients Without Hepatitis C Viremia
Authors: Vanterpool Karen B , Diallo Kadiatou , Kim Ellie , Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E , Johnson Morgan A , Predmore Zachary , Brundage Janetta , Barnaba Brittany , Desai Niraj , Levan Macey L , Sung Hannah C , Kates Olivia , Sugarman Jeremy , Durand Christine M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Organ transplantation from donors with hepatitis C viremia (HCV) to recipients without HCV (HCV D+/R−) has excellent medical outcomes. Less is known about the psychosocial impact and experiences of HCV D+/R− recipients, particularly outside of clinical trials.

Methods
We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 24 HCV D+/R− recipients (kidney, n = 8; lung, n = 7; liver, n = 5; heart, n = 3; simultaneous heart and kidney, n = 1) who received transplants outside of clinical trials and were treated for HCV after transplant to assess their experiences and perspectives. We used thematic analysis to analyze the interviews.

Results
Interviewees’ reasons for accepting an HCV D + organ were based on perceived benefits and confidence in the effectiveness of HCV treatment. The majority (62%) received HCV treatment within 1 month after transplant (range, 1 day–2 months). Most interviewees reported positive transplant outcomes, including reduced wait times and improved survival, health, physical activity, and quality of life. Overall, themes and experiences did not differ significantly between different organ transplant types. Generally, interviewees did not perceive stigma from those aware of the HCV D+ transplant; yet, disclosure was selective and a few recipients reported concerns from family members about posttransplant HCV transmission risk. Other common concerns included treatment costs and delays, which were not always anticipated by recipients.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that HCV D+/R− kidney, liver, and heart and lung transplant recipients outside of clinical trials had overall positive experiences. However, HCV transmission risk, treatments costs, and treatment delays were a source of concern that might be mitigated with targeted pretransplant education.
Verification, Analytical Sensitivity, Cost-effectiveness, and Comparison of 4 Candida auris Screening Methods
Authors: Komorowski Adam S , Aftanas Patryk , Porter Vanessa , Katz Kevin , Kozak Robert A , Li Xena X 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this verification study, we compare and contrast the performance characteristics of chromogenic agar culture, direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and broth enrichment followed by culture or PCR for the detection of Candida auris colonization. We find that culture and PCR both offer excellent performance, with broth enrichment offering little performance advantage given its cost.
‘I see the high level of interpersonal support during the pandemic as proof that the good in people prevails’: the COVID-19 pandemic as a catalyst for building a caring community?
Authors: Strupp Julia , Valerius Lisa , Herrler Angélique , Kukla Helena , Eichberg Sabine , Schulz-Nieswandt Frank , Voltz Raymond 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The public health approach to end-of-life care has led to initiatives to promote caring communities, involving the community in supporting vulnerable dying people and their families. Our study aimed to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the relevance of a caring community, whether the concept of a caring community took on a different meaning during and because of the pandemic, and how issues of death, dying and bereavement were perceived.

Methods
Qualitative online survey of people interested in the ‘Caring Community Cologne’ project. Participants in the survey attended the launch event for the Caring Community in Cologne. Direct invitations were sent to professionals and experts in various fields. Information about the event was also disseminated via social media and the city of Cologne’s website. Data were collected from June 2020 to August 2020 and analyzed using Braun & Clarke’s thematic analysis.

Results
N = 63 out of 121 people participated. The median age was 60 years; 65% of the participants were female. Most of them worked in the social sector (53%). Three respondents described positive changes brought about by the pandemic: Greater sense of community and solidarity, more confrontation with one’s own finiteness, strengthening of relationships, mindfulness and slowing down of the pace of life. Negative effects mentioned included a deterioration in mental health and well-being, with an increase in anxiety, social isolation but also forced togetherness, which can lead to conflict, and a lack of emotional closeness due to restricted contact.

Conclusions
Our study was conducted at the beginning of the pandemic and shows that the pandemic has raised awareness of the importance and potential benefits of community-based networks and the importance of adopting a public health palliative care approach to advocate for those most in need. The findings also highlight the role of community social capital in promoting engagement, resilience and well-being.
Exceeding radiation thresholds for cataract induction in diagnostic imaging: a paediatric case report
Authors: Perdomo Amanda Alison , Badawy Mohamed Khaldoun , Mignone Cristina , Forster Jake Cameron 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This case report investigates the radiation dose received by a paediatric patient with a ventricular assist device who underwent four non-contrast brain computed tomography (CT) scans, two brain perfusion CT scans and two head angiographic CT scans. The total estimated absorbed dose to the lens of the eye is above the 500 mGy radiation-induced cataract threshold. It is recommended that this patient and those with similar imaging histories have routine follow-up with an ophthalmologist. It is also recommended that radiation dose tracking and an electronic medical alert program be implemented to allow the identification of patients who may exceed tissue reaction thresholds.
Can open peer review improve uptake of preprints into policies? Evidence from a causal inference
Authors: Xu Chuer , Zong Qianjin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The advantage of no publication time lag had led to the use of preprints as research evidence for public policy development that required a rapid response. However, the opposite side of the lack of publication time lag for preprints was their usual lack of peer review, which was the main reason why preprints were criticized as low quality and unreliable. This study aimed to investigate the effects of open peer review on the uptake of preprints into policies (measured by preprints being cited in policy documents). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preprints from bioRxiv and medRxiv were used as a sample (n = 20,959). A causal inference approach, namely, propensity score matching analysis, was used to examine the dataset. Our study found that open peer review significantly increased the uptake of preprints by policies. Limitations of this study were also discussed. This study could bring insights to researchers and preprint servers in improving the uptake of preprints into policies.
Narcolepsy Severity Scale-2 and Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale to better quantify symptoms severity and consequences in Narcolepsy type 2
Authors: Barateau Lucie , Chenini Sofiene , Denis Claire , Lorber Quentin , Béziat Séverine , Jaussent Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) is an understudied central disorder of hypersomnolence sharing some similarities with narcolepsy type 1 and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). We aimed: (1) to assess systematically the symptoms in patients with NT2, with self-reported questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS), IH Severity Scale (IHSS), and (2) to evaluate the responsiveness of these scales to treatment.

Methods
One hundred and nine patients with NT2 (31.4 ± 12.2 years old, 47 untreated) diagnosed according to ICSD-3 were selected in a Reference Center for Narcolepsy. They all completed the ESS, subgroups completed the modified NSS (NSS-2, without cataplexy items) (n = 95) and IHSS (n = 76). Some patients completed the scales twice (before/during treatment): 42 ESS, 26 NSS-2, and 30 IHSS.

Results
Based on NSS-2, all untreated patients had sleepiness, 58% disrupted nocturnal sleep, 40% hallucinations, and 28% sleep paralysis. On IHSS, 76% reported a prolonged nocturnal sleep, and 83% sleep inertia. In the independent sample, ESS and NSS-2 scores were lower in treated patients, with same trend for IHSS scores. After treatment, ESS, NSS-2, and IHSS total scores were lower, with a mean difference of 3.7 ± 4.1, 5.3 ± 6.7, and 4.1 ± 6.2, respectively. The minimum clinically important difference between untreated and treated patients were 2.1 for ESS, 3.3 for NSS-2, and 3.1 for IHSS. After treatment, 61.9% of patients decreased their ESS &gt; 2 points, 61.5% their NSS-2 &gt; 3 points, and 53.3% their IHSS &gt; 3 points.

Conclusions
NSS-2 and IHSS correctly quantified symptoms' severity and consequences in NT2, with good performances to objectify response to medications. These tools are useful for monitoring and optimizing NT2 management, and for use in clinical trials.
The pathogenic role of the immune system in erectile dysfunction and Peyronie’s disease: focusing on immunopathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies
Authors: Giagulli Vito Angelo , Lisco Giuseppe , De Tullio Anna , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo , Jirillo Emilio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents the major cause of male sexual dysfunction, which is often associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and cigarette smoking. Peyronie’s disease is a chronic disorder associated with irreversible fibrotic damage of the tunica albuginea leading to ED, painful erection, coital disturbance, and physical and social complaints. Both conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and significant changes in intracavernous hydrodynamics. In this scenario, oxidized lipoproteins, M1-polarized macrophages, proinflammatory cytokines (such as the tumor necrosis factor α), endothelial nitric oxide synthase, penile smooth muscle cells, and toll-like receptors represent the main triggers of the inflammatory process in ED. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are the most common treatment for ED. This treatment is used intermittently, as it is conceived as a symptomatic and not curative therapy. Moreover, not all patients respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (35%-85%), particularly those with dysmetabolic phenotypes. Additional or alternative treatments are therefore desirable, mostly in refractory cases.

Objectives
In this review, we describe the immune-mediated pathogenesis of ED and Peyronie’s disease (PD). In our literature search we placed particular emphasis on potentially practical therapeutic approaches, including natural products (such as polyphenols), due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, stem cell therapy, and platelet-derived preparations.

Methods
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and institutional websites. Original studies, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses written in English were searched, screened, and selected.

Results
In animal models of ED and PD, therapeutic approaches, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, stem cell therapy, and platelet-derived preparations, have provided positive results, including improved penile function, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, and promotion of tissue repair. However, clinical evidence of improvement in human patients is still insufficient.

Conclusion
Promising results for treating ED and PD have been shown in preclinical and pilot clinical studies, but specific clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches in men with ED.
Red chili powder dietary supplementation regularized the performance, hematobiochemical indices, oxidative status, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine of aflatoxin B1 exposed broiler chickens
Authors: Oloruntola Olugbenga David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effects of red chili powder dietary supplementation on the performance, hematobiochemical indices, oxidative status, and DNA damage in broiler chickens fed aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated diets were studied. Two hundred and forty Cobb 500 breed day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into control group (CONT), 0.5 mg/kg AFB1-exposed group (AFTB), 0.5 g/kg red chili pericarp powder supplementation alongside the 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 exposed group (RCPA), and 0.5 g/kg red chili seed powder supplementation alongside the 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 exposed group (RCSA). The red chili supplementation, in both pericarp powder and seed powder, positively influenced broiler performance by improving (P &lt; 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, with a reduction in mortality rates compared to the AFTB group. Hematological indices showed that AFB1 exposure decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, but the red chili supplementation mitigated these reductions. Additionally, total white blood cell counts were maintained (P &gt; 0.05) in red chili-supplemented groups compared to CONT. Red chili supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) the total protein and globulin concentrations and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) liver enzyme levels compared to the AFTB group. The oxidative enzyme levels in RCPA and RCSA were similar (P &gt; 0.05) to CONT groups. The red chili supplementations counteracted DNA damage, as reflected by similar (P &gt; 0.05) 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels recorded in RCPA, RCSA, and CONT groups levels. These findings suggest that 0.5 g/kg red chili supplementation has the potential to ameliorate the adverse effects of AFB1 exposure on broiler chickens, improving their performance and health.