bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM: FRAMING, BRIDGING, AND TRAVERSING SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, DISPARITIES, AND INEQUITIES IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Bakerjian Deb , Sin Mo-kyung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In alignment with the theme of this year’s conference, Building Bridges&gt;Catalyzing Research&gt;Empowering All Ages, this symposium focuses on research that frames, bridges, and transverses various constructs of the social determinants of health, intersectional frameworks, and inequities that impact older adults at various times in life from mid to older adulthood through death. We start with a framework for how to consider social and structural conditions in which people live and the cumulative effects that an individual’s life course might impact their trajectory with Alzheimer’s disease and other related dementias and their families. Continuing on with the theme of family, dementia, and caregivers, we delve into the differences in caregiver burden across and within gender and racial/ethnic groups, looking at the linkage with financial, emotional, and physical burdens. From there, we go on to explore whether there is an association between negative family interactions and mental health outcomes and discuss how those outcomes might vary by race and ethnicity. Building upon several concepts in these first three papers, we will discuss how one can evaluate the intersectional impact of race and gender on end-of-life outcomes including pain, anxiety/depression, patient autonomy, and overall care quality. Our last speaker will share intriguing, and somewhat unexpected findings related to social inequities on health from midlife to death and the impact of early exposure to socioeconomic disadvantages might have on disparities. Given the importance of reducing inequities to improve health outcomes, this HS section Presidential Symposium is sure to challenge and enhance our thinking.
INFLUENCES OF CULTURAL VALUES ON THE INDIGENOUS DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS’ EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kim Steffi , Lewis Jordan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This symposium will outline and discuss the unique circumstances and challenges of American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islander dementia caregivers. Dementia is one of the top causes of death worldwide, with Alzheimer’s disease currently being the ninth leading cause of death among American Indian and Alaska Native people (AI/AN). One in three American Indians and Alaska Natives over 65 will receive a dementia diagnosis in the next 25 years. Yet, we know very little about caregivers’ experiences in these communities. Presenters will present on how cultural influences shape caregiver’s experiences within American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. The second presenter will discuss the need for culturally safe dementia caregiver resources based on recommendations from Alaska Native caregivers. The third presenter will examine decision-making processes of dementia caregiver involved in the use of governmental and tribal dementia care resources within the ONEIDA Nation to improve utilization of existing services.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HURRICANE STRESSORS AND COGNITION IN PUERTO RICAN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Thompson Sheila , Guinn Victoria , Ballard Erin , Crowe Michael , Brown Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Acute and chronic stress exposure negatively impact cognition in older adults. There is little research on this relationship within the context of an acute disaster. This presentation explores the relationship between perceived stress, hurricane stressors, subjective cognition, and cognition in Puerto Rican older adults post-Hurricane Maria. 613 Puerto Rican older adults completed Wave 3 measures for the longitudinal PREHCO study. Perceived stress was measured via a 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Hurricane stressors were classified as three factors: Home Damage, Family/Friends Network, and Work/Health. Subjective cognition was measured by asking the participant to rate their memory based on a 5-point Likert scale. Cognition was measured via the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status assessment and the Minimental Cabán. Analyses included two multiple linear regressions with cognitive status and cognitive functioning as the outcomes, respectively, while controlling for age, depressive symptoms, education, gender, and race. There was a significant relationship between higher concern for others post-hurricane and worse generalized cognitive functioning (p&lt;0.05, t=-2.04). Higher levels of cognitive status were significantly associated with better perceptions of memory function (p= 0.015, t=-2.43). Yet higher levels of perceived stress were significantly associated with worse perceptions of memory function (p&lt;0.001, t=7.037). Older adult Puerto Ricans presented with worse cognitive functioning when they were worried about their loved ones’ well-being. Even those who maintained an intact cognitive status believed their memory was worse when they were experiencing more stress. This highlights the importance of differentiating the impact of stress on cognitive ability from subjective cognition.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HURRICANE-RELATED STRESSORS AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN A SAMPLE OF PUERTO RICANS
Authors: Ballard Erin , Guinn Victoria , Thompson Sheila , Andel Ross , Brown Lisa , Crowe Michael 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This project examines the relationship between hurricane-related stressors and perceived stress using data from the latest (third) wave of the Puerto Rican Elder: Health Conditions (PREHCO) study. A total of 617 PREHCO survivors, age 78 and older, were asked questions about their experience with stressors related to hurricane Maria. We assessed self-reported fright felt immediately after the hurricane as a primary stressor. A list of secondary stressors was examined using a principal components analysis (PCA) that yielded three components related to concern over home damage, family/friends, and employment/health. Demographic factors (age, education, race, sex) and length between the hurricane and interview date (conducted 2021-2022) were included in analyses. The majority (97%) of our sample was in Puerto Rico at the time of the hurricane. Approximately 41% of participants reported being “somewhat” or “very” frightened following hurricane Maria and over half of participants reported stressors like home repairs, damage to their neighborhood, and concern about bill payment. Regression analyses revealed higher reported fright immediately following hurricane Maria was associated with higher levels of perceived stress at the time of interview (b=.53, p&lt;.001). In addition, all three secondary stressor components were significantly associated with higher perceived stress in separate models (home damage: b=.44, p&lt;.001; family/friends: b=.40, p&lt;.001; employment/health: b=.31, p&lt;.05). Being female was associated with higher perceived stress across each of the regression models. Results suggest long-lasting relationships between hurricane-related stressors and perceived stress several years later, further implicating the role of these stressors on long-term mental and physical functioning.
A HISTORICAL-CONTEXTUAL PERSPECTIVE ON GRANDPARENTS’ ACTIVITIES WITH GRANDCHILDREN
Authors: Juris Jill , Rauer Amy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Grandparenting is one of the most positive roles for many older adults, yet there is limited understanding of what activities grandparents and grandchildren actually engage in together or how these may vary based on both context (e.g., residential grandparenthood, grandparents’ marriage) and historical events (e.g., COVID-19). Drawing from multiple theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches, this symposium begins with Flood providing a broad view of time grandparents and grandchildren spend together using large-scale population-level data from IPUMS. Illustrating how such activities may vary based on context, Stephan and Chan provide insights into how activity engagement varies by caregiver status and whether activity engagement with grandchildren is related to grandparents’ perceived roles. Extending this examination of context to consider specific processes, Juris and Zvonkovic will then describe the process of family leisure among grandparent couples by examining how both individuals in a couple experience family leisure with their grandchildren. Providing a historical perspective on these experiences, Fruhauf and colleagues reveal the challenges of raising grandchildren in the context of COVID-19 and the importance of engaging in different and new activities with their grandchildren during this time. Finally, as discussant, Rauer will draw upon Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological framework to illustrate how grandparenting is situated within a complex network of interdependent systems and dynamic contexts. Together, this symposium will highlight the implications of grandparenting for catalyzing development and enhancing well-being across multiple generations.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF AGE STEREOTYPES FOR DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEXT
Authors: de Paula Couto M Clara P , Wirth Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This session will focus on age stereotypes, that is, beliefs individuals hold about older adults and the aging process. Two types of age stereotypes will be addressed: those related to how older adults are assumed to be (i.e., descriptive stereotypes) and those related to how older adults should be (i.e., prescriptive stereotypes). Age stereotypes have been shown to be incorporated into older adults’ self-concepts (via stereotype internalization) and to influence their development in old age by shaping their expectations, motivations, and behaviors (stereotype embodiment). Considering the relevance of age stereotypes for developmental outcomes, the talks in this symposium will address how they shape individual aging and to what extent age stereotypes and their effects on development are context dependent. The first two presentations focus on cross-cultural differences in age stereotypes. de Paula Couto et al. examine prescriptive age stereotypes across different countries and investigate underlying factors that may influence their differential endorsement. Fung and Fung investigate cultural and age-related differences in the internalization of age stereotypes. The developmental consequences of negative age stereotypes will be addressed by Kornadt et al., whereas their malleability and specificity will be examined by Wirth et al. The last talk by Degen et al. will focus on the fear of loneliness in older adults, and how it affects their motivation to engage in behaviors that can prevent being lonely in old age.
“OLDER ADULTS SHOULD…”: CROSS-NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ENDORSEMENT OF PRESCRIPTIVE AGE STEREOTYPES
Authors: de Paula Couto M Clara P , Fung Helene , Graf Sylvie , Hess Thomas M , Liou Shyhnan , Nikitin Jana , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Normative expectations about how older adults should behave are known as prescriptive age stereotypes (or “prescriptive views of aging,” PVoA). Previous research has shown that endorsement of PVoA varies across age groups but has not yet examined the variability of PVoA endorsement across countries. Considering that context may influence the endorsement of PVoA, we investigated differences in endorsement reported by an international sample of adults (N = 2,902) from the Aging as Future study covering the age range from 40 to 90 years in five countries: Czechia, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States (US). We focused on endorsement of two types of PVoA, that is, disengagement (older adults should make way for the younger generation), and activation (older adults should remain socially engaged). Overall, participants reported a stronger endorsement of activation compared to disengagement (i.e., a focus on activation). Replicating previous studies, compared to young and middle-aged adults, older adults more strongly endorsed PVoA. Most importantly, cross-national differences emerged, indicating that overall endorsement of PVoA (averaged across activation and disengagement) was the strongest in Taiwan and the weakest in Czechia and Germany. However, the focus on activation (vs. disengagement) was the highest in the US followed by Hong Kong and Germany, and then by Czechia and Taiwan. Cross-national differences in the belief that the State should support older adults, in cultural values, and in views of own aging predicted the focus on activation and partially explained differences in the strength of this focus between countries.
CARING FOR A VERY OLD PARENT WITH DEMENTIA: STRATEGIES EMPLOYED TO MANAGE BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
Authors: Gallagher Elizabeth , Boerner Kathrin , Kim Yijung , Kim Kyungmin , Jopp Daniela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Population aging has given rise to an increasingly common new group of caregivers, older adult children caring for their very old parents. These caregivers often find themselves balancing several other roles and responsibilities on top of caring for their parent, such as navigating their own health issues, caring for grandchildren, or transitioning into retirement. When a parent has dementia, this presents an additional challenge to caregivers, especially given that most persons with dementia exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The goal of the present research was to examine the range of strategies older caregivers employ in their daily lives in response to parents’ BPSD, using applied thematic analysis. Specifically, we sought to identify and describe the different caregiver strategies for managing BPSD and examine how these strategies are connected, including whether certain strategies co-occur. We conducted in-depth interviews with 100 caregivers (aged 65+) caring for parents with dementia (aged 90+) as part of the Boston Aging Together Study. Results revealed seven strategies used by child caregivers in managing BPSD—including “setting the record straight,” “going along with it,” distracting and redirecting, ignoring, telling “fiblets” or lies, medicating their parent to alleviate symptoms, and altering their physical environment. The most frequently co-occurring strategies employed by child caregivers included telling “fiblets” or lies as well as distracting and redirecting. This study has the potential to inform future caregiver interventions aimed at effectively addressing BPSD and improving quality of life for older child caregivers and their very old parents with dementia.
TRAINING THE NEW SCIENTISTS OF AGING: BUILDING ON GEROSCIENCE OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Thompson LaDora 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Geroscience is focused on improving health and well-being by beneficially altering or reversing the cellular and molecular changes that take place as we age. These changes, uncovered by the biology of aging research, can contribute to a progressive loss of function and the onset of frailty and many diseases prevalent at older ages. In the 21st century there is a need for increased engagement with researchers and clinicians across multiple disciplines to translate these geroscience discoveries more effectively into new medical advances. This presentation will highlight efforts to increase awareness and understanding of these geroscience discoveries to stakeholder groups and to build a more diverse and interdisciplinary geroscience workforce, including researchers, clinicians, and members of the public. To date, there are creative education programs aimed at enhancing and expanding broader awareness of geroscience research (e.g., skills development, hands-on research experiences, formal curriculum informed in the science of aging, engagement activities dealing with ethical, economic, political and societal ramifications of extending human lifespan, development of shared methods, networking with experts in the geroscience field, materials and outreach programs on the topic of geroscience), which target basic, translational, clinical researchers and members of the public. Lastly, this presentation will outline the activities within the Translational Rehabilitation in Geroscience Initiative and the Translational Geroscience Network, a collaboration of researchers looking at clinical interventions that target fundamental mechanism of aging to delay, prevent or treat age-related diseases and disabilities as a group, instead of one at a time, enabling more-rapid translation of therapies.
RETRAUMATIZATION WHEN AN ADULT CHILD CARES FOR THEIR PARENTAL PERPETRATOR THROUGH SERIOUS ILLNESS OR THE END OF LIFE
Authors: Goldberg Jaime , Kong Jooyoung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Current trauma-related literature does not readily include the experiences of the caregiving population. While the caregiving literature does recognize that caregivers experience trauma, it has not yet explored when the caregiver’s source of trauma is the care recipient. To begin to address this gap, this research explores the retraumatization adult survivors of parental childhood maltreatment may experience when they become caregivers for their parental perpetrator during serious illness or the end of life. Participants were recruited through purposeful sampling techniques, via social media and word-of-mouth. Using a phenomenological approach, 22 semi-structured, virtual interviews were conducted; 13 participants identified retraumatization as part of their caregiving experience. Focused content analysis revealed three subthemes under the umbrella of retraumatization: 1) reminders of past abuse; 2) re-experiencing abusive behaviors; and 3) physical contact with the body of the former abuser. Results suggest that memories of past abuse, ongoing abusive behavior, and proximity to the parental perpetrator’s body evoke feelings of fear/anxiety, worthlessness, shame, anger, and disgust in participants, reminiscent of the feelings they experienced in childhood. Taking on the roles/responsibilities of caregiving triggered these feelings unexpectedly, as the adult children were now interacting with their parent more frequently and in new/more intimate ways. These findings invite health and mental health professionals to have heightened awareness of and sensitivity to this often-overlooked population and use trauma-informed assessment and intervention techniques to support caregivers’ health and well-being. Results can inform future research at the nexus of caregiving and trauma.
POLICY SERIES: THE MOVING FORWARD NURSING HOME COALITION: NURSING HOME REFORM AND THE RESIDENTS’ GOALS, PREFERENCES, AND PRIORITIES
Authors: McMullen Tara , Shippee Tetyana , Degenholtz Howard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The 2022 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report called for nursing facilities to provide “care aligned to the individual’s goals and preferences.” Missing has been an efficient process to uncover the individual’s detailed goals, preferences, and priorities (GPPs). GPPs are a care planning process that translates into actionable interventions, supported by quality measurement to determine whether the care provided aligns with those GPPs, and health information technology to collect GPPs efficiently and to determine if the care provided is concordant with the individual’s GPPs. A diverse set of experts representing the Moving Forward Nursing Home Quality Coalition are collaborating to develop an integrated approach to these shortcomings and will discuss these issues in detail including new approaches to the identification and documentation of GPPs for use in a modified care planning process, the status of health information technologies (HIT) processes being developed to support these changes and the development of new quality measures. While the Moving Forward Coalition is focused on nursing facilities, the approaches being developed here to improve care and to standardize the vocabulary for GPPs are applicable to all care settings. Three committees from the Moving Forward Nursing Home Coalition will present work focused on the development of a standardized GPP care planning process to enhance the identification, documentation, communication, and implementation of resident GPPs, the measurement of the care planning process to support process improvement, and the creation of a HIT-enabled process to measure the concordance of care provided with an individual’s GPPs. This is a collaborative symposium between the Aging Workforce, Hospital Elder Life Program, Measurement, Statistics, and Research Design, Systems Research in Long Term-Care, and Technology and Aging Interest Groups.
METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS FROM A MIXED-METHODS STUDY OF FRIENDSHIP IN PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA LIVING IN LTC
Authors: Saunders Pamela , de Mederios Kate 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper will examine the methodological issues that arose as part of the Friendship Study (de Mederios, Saunders, Doyle, Mosby, 2012). These issues range from tracking to integrating data as well as ethical considerations of multiple participants living with dementia and their legally authorized representatives. The Friendship Study investigated ‘friendships’ in people with dementia living in long-term care. We used a mixed-methods approach that emphasized qualitative methods over quantitative ones, with integration during the analysis stage. Specifically, we investigated friendships among 31 assisted living residents with moderate to advanced dementia. The Friendship Study was based on the growing literature on social interactions in dementia settings. ‘Social interactions’ describe communicating, verbally and non-verbally, at least once with another person while ‘friendship’ suggests a deeper, more meaningful connection that may include reciprocity, intimacy, and shared trust. From our qualitative analyses, we found that friendships among residents were characterized by voluntary participation and accommodation in conversation, and recognition of the uniqueness of the other. Further quantitative results revealed no correlation between memory test scores, or demographic characteristics (except gender) and friendship dyads identified by staff. Staff’s perceptions of residents’ friendships were not supported through observation. This paper will explore the variety of qualitative methods employed (e.g., ethnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, transcription, coding) and outline how these data were collected, managed, and synthesized. Best practices will be provided.
QUANTIFYING CONTRIBUTIONS OF WORK CHARACTERISTICS TO EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH-INDUCED WORK LIMITATIONS
Authors: Abrams Leah , Berkman Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While public policies are incentivizing longer working lives, poor health and inhospitable working conditions pose challenges to working longer, especially for Americans with low educational attainment. This analysis sought to quantify how poor health and inhospitable working conditions each contribute to educational disparities in work disability in mid life and old age. Using the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016), we showed that educational disparities in reporting “any impairment or health problem that limits the kind or amount of paid work” in ages 51-80 have been profound and persistent over time. Blinder-Oaxaca three-fold decomposition revealed that distributions of income and employer insurance made the largest contribution to explaining different rates of work limitations among respondents with versus without high school degrees, followed by work characteristics (physical job demands, insufficient hours) and health conditions (diabetes, lung disease). Comparing respondents with high school versus college degrees, distributions of health conditions mattered most (high blood pressure, lung disease, heart disease, stroke), followed by health behaviors (smoking, drinking). Health-induced work limitations are often used as a health outcome, but we found that work characteristics explained 57% of the disadvantage of those without a high school degree and 44% of the disadvantage of high school compared to college graduates. Therefore, improving work environments holds promise for reducing educational disparities in mid-to-late-life disability.