bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning the Deep and the Shallow: Deep-Learning-Based Depth Phase Picking and Earthquake Depth Estimation
Authors: Münchmeyer Jannes , Saul Joachim , Tilmann Frederik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Automated teleseismic earthquake monitoring is an essential part of global seismicity analysis. Although constraining epicenters in an automated fashion is an established technique, constraining event depths is substantially more difficult. One solution to this challenge is teleseismic depth phases, but these can currently not be identified precisely by automatic detection methods. Here, we propose two deep-learning models, DepthPhaseTEAM and DepthPhaseNet, to detect and pick depth phases. For training the models, we create a dataset based on the ISC-EHB bulletin—a high-quality catalog with detailed phase annotations. We show how backprojecting the predicted phase arrival probability curves onto the depth axis yields accurate estimates of earthquake depth. Furthermore, we show how a multistation model, DepthPhaseTEAM, leads to better and more consistent predictions than the single-station model, DepthPhaseNet. To allow direct application of our models, we integrate them within the SeisBench library.
Case report: Pseudoxanthomaelasticum
Authors: Gujrati Ritika 
Published: October 2023

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare multisystem disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by progressive mineralization and fragmented, calcified elastic fibres of skin, eye and cardio-vascular system (CVS). It is due to the loss of functional mutation ABCC6 gene.We report such a rare case of PXE with earliest skin manifestation and with no other ophthalmological and CVS findings.This is a case report of 26 years old female complaining of 1 year history of asymptomatic yellow-orange raised lesions on right lateral side of neck.On clinical examination, yellow-orange micro-papules coalescing to form plaques were noticed over right lateral side of neck. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral myopic degenerative changes with no other specific findings. Histopathology of said lesions showed atrophic epidermis with abnormal elastic fibres in the mid-dermis confirming the diagnosis. Course and prognosis were explained to the patient and she was advised regular follow-up.PXE is rare in occurrence, with no definite and effective treatment. It has a good prognosis if retinal and cardio-vascular complications are regularly monitored and prevented.
Riba Menurut Pemikiran Al-Gazāli, Ar-Razi, Ad-Dahlawi, Al-Maududi
Authors: Gafur Abdul , Ansharullah Ansharullah , Fahruddin Fahruddin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Talking about the meaning of usury, there are several thoughts according to Al Gazali, Ar Razi, Ad Dahlawi, and Al Maududi. Al-Gazāli argues that usury does not address the issue of interest on money loans. He only said that fixing interest on borrowed money means diverting it from its main function, namely as a medium of exchange and as a measure of value. Meanwhile, according to Ar Razi, there are several things that are prohibited in usury. First, because usury means taking the borrower's property unfairly. Second, Allah forbids usury so that people are not lazy to work. Third, because usury will eliminate the goodness contained in borrowing money. Fourth, in general those who lend money (muqriḍ) come from the rich, while those who borrow money (mustaqriḍ) come from the poor. Fifth, the prohibition of usury has been clearly established in the Qur'an and Hadith. According to Ad Dahlawi, transactions that contain elements of usury do not have a spirit of cooperation at all, therefore these transactions are contrary to humanity and detrimental to civilization. Then according to Al Maududi, the problem of usury is clear and practical, capital does not have the right to collect fixed interest, even if the borrower wins or loses. Abstrak: Berbicara mengenai makna riba, ada beberapa pemikiran menurut Al Gazali, Ar Razi, Ad Dahlawi, dan Al Maududi. Al-Gazāli berpendapat bahwa riba tidak membahas masalah bunga pinjaman uang. Ia hanya mengatakan bahwa penetapan bunga terhadap pinjaman uang berarti membelokkannya dari fungsi utamanya, yaitu sebagai alat tukar dan sebagai pengukur nilai. Sedangkan menurut Ar Razi, ada beberapa hal yang dilarang dalam riba, yang Pertama, karena riba berarti mengambil harta si peminjam secara tidak adil. Kedua, Allah mengharamkan riba agar manusia tidak malas bekerja. Ketiga, karena riba akan menghilangkan kebaikan yang terkandung dalam peminjaman uang. Keempat, pada umumnya pihak yang meminjamkan uang (muqriḍ) berasal dari golongan orang kaya, sedangkan pihak yang meminjam uang (mustaqriḍ) berasal dari kalangan orang miskin. Kelima, keharaman riba telah ditetapkan dengan jelas di dalam Alquran dan Hadis. Menurut Ad Dahlawi, transaksi yang mengandung unsur riba, sama sekali tidak memiliki semangat kerjasama, karenanya transaksi tersebut bertentangan dengan kemanusiaan dan merugikan peradaban. Kemudian menurut Al Maududi, masalah riba sudah jelas dan praktis, modal tidak punya hak untuk memungut bunga yang tetap, meskipun peminjam untung atau rugi.
The association between warfarin usage and international normalized ratio increase: systematic analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Morris Robert , Todd Megan , Aponte Nicole Zapata , Salcedo Milagros , Bruckner Matthew , Garcia Alfredo Suarez , Webb Rachel , Bu Kun , Han Weiru , Cheng Feng 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Elevated international normalized ratio (INR) has been commonly reported as an adverse drug event (ADE) for patients taking warfarin for anticoagulant therapy.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between increased INR and the usage of warfarin by using the pharmacovigilance data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Methods: The ADEs in patients who took warfarin (N = 77,010) were analyzed using FAERS data. Association rule mining was applied to identify warfarin-related ADEs that were most associated with elevated INR (n = 15,091) as well as possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) associated with increased INR. Lift values were used to identify ADEs that were most commonly reported alongside elevated INR based on the correlation between both item sets. In addition, this study sought to determine if the increased INR risk was influenced by sex, age, temporal distribution, and geographic distribution and were reported as reporting odds ratios (RORs).
Results: The top 5 ADEs most associated with increased INR in patients taking warfarin were decreased hemoglobin (lift = 2.31), drug interactions (lift = 1.88), hematuria (lift = 1.58), asthenia (lift = 1.44), and fall (lift = 1.32). INR risk increased as age increased, with individuals older than 80 having a 63% greater likelihood of elevated INR compared to those younger than 50. Males were 9% more likely to report increased INR as an ADE compared to females. Individuals taking warfarin concomitantly with at least one other drug were 43% more likely to report increased INR. The top 5 most frequently identified DDIs in patients taking warfarin and presenting with elevated INR were acetaminophen (lift = 1.81), ramipril (lift = 1.71), furosemide (lift = 1.64), bisoprolol (lift = 1.58), and simvastatin (lift = 1.58).
Conclusion: The risk of elevated INR increased as patient age increased, particularly among those older than 80. Elevated INR frequently co-presented with decreased hemoglobin, drug interactions, hematuria, asthenia, and fall in patients taking warfarin. This effect may be less pronounced in women due to the procoagulatory effects of estrogen signaling. Multiple possible DDIs were identified, including acetaminophen, ramipril, and furosemide.
Effects of Pipe Rotation on the Performance of Fibrous Water-Based Polymeric Fluids in Horizontal Well Cleanout
Authors: Garcia Sergio , Mendez Michael , Ahmed Ramadan , Karami Hamidreza , Nasser Mustafa , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: October 2023

Summary
The deposition of rock cuttings is a problem commonly faced during drilling, completion, and intervention operations. Using polymer-based fluids is a common technique to improve horizontal downhole cleaning. However, these fluids cannot always guarantee an efficient wellbore cleanout. One way to enhance cleanout efficiency is by rotating the drillpipe to mitigate the settling of solids and facilitate their removal. However, drillstring rotation often increases equivalent circulating density (ECD). Therefore, in this study, we explore how the impact of rotation on hole cleaning can be synergized by using fibrous water-based polymeric fluids to perform cleanout at reduced rotational speeds with limited effect on ECD.
The flow loop used for this study consists of a 48-ft long eccentric annular (5×2.375 in.) test section. Each experiment began by forming a stationary bed of natural sand (an average diameter of 1.2 mm) in the test section. High-viscosity and low-viscosity polymer-based suspensions with and without fibers were used. The drillpipe rotation speed was varied from 0 to 150 rev/min. In each experiment, the flow rate was increased from 35 to 195 gal/min stepwise. The bed perimeter was measured at equilibrium condition for every test flow rate until a complete bed cleanout was achieved. In addition, the friction pressure loss was measured. Rotational viscometers were also used to measure fluid rheology before and after each test.
Fiber particles improve the carrying capacity of the fluid by reducing solid settling and minimizing the redeposition of particles. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of fiber in synergizing pipe rotation effects on hole cleanout performance in horizontal wellbores. Fiber’s impact is more pronounced when used with low-viscosity fluid. The cleanout performance of the low-viscosity fluid is amplified significantly with rotation, almost entirely cleaning the bed at 75 gal/min and a rotational speed of 50 rev/min, compared with more than 195 gal/min without rotation. Even more improvement could be achieved by adding a small amount of fiber (0.04wt%). In addition, the fiber improved the cleanout performance of the high-viscosity fluid. The enhancement, however, was not as noticeable as with the low-viscosity fluid. In general, rotation combined with low-viscosity fibrous fluid exhibits the best cleaning performance. This is because rotating the pipe resuspends the settled solids, which are then easily carried by fibrous fluid that has high solids carrying capacity.
Advanced Automation Drives ESG and Optimization Strategies
Authors: Behera Prabhat , Verghese Rohan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Occidental's state-of-the-art oil production facilities involve goals to maximize production while minimizing the impact on our planet in terms of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG). At Occidental ("Oxy"), we are committed to "Zero In™", to be focused on achieving results in ways that are consistent with our core values at Oxy, to ‘Lead with Passion’, ‘Outperform Expectations’, ‘Deliver Results Responsibly’, ‘Unleash Opportunities’ and ‘Commit to Good’, while fulfilling the energy demand of our global society. We are currently implementing advanced techniques involving wellhead electrification and predictive control schemes to reduce emissions and maximize production.
The nature of the oil production profile is nonlinear, with complex interactions between the characteristics of the reservoir, the fluid dynamics inherent to the process equipment, various artificial lift methods, and the often-constrained midstream and pipeline takeaway capacities. The improved infrastructure and control system capabilities in recent times facilitate addressing the issues such as non-routine emissions, production downtimes, and overwhelming control rooms.
Several innovative concepts such as wellhead electrification, tankless facilities, and pipeline regional volume control (RVC) were engineered to manage the dynamics and correlation to proactively eliminate the vulnerabilities. The facilities’ engineering basis of design and the ongoing well-test data were used to define the priority of the tasks recommended by the optimization algorithms. International Society of Automation (ISA) 18.2 alarm management principles were incorporated to draw attention to the abnormal situations requiring intervention while minimizing operator distractions.
This paper will discuss the control system concepts, recent technology trends, and conclude with the business benefits in terms of safety, uptime, and ESG.
A Critical Review, Modeling, and Evaluation of Petrophysical Properties Variation in Deforming Naturally Fractured Subsurface Porous Formations
Authors: Civan Faruk 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The petrophysical properties of deforming naturally fractured subsurface porous formations such as the porosity, permeability, relative permeability, capillary pressure, and Lamé's parameter can vary by the stress and thermal effects. The proper modeling and description of the variation of the petrophysical properties of deforming naturally fractured subsurface porous formations are examined and evaluated. The application of the proper theory and modeling approaches are presented and demonstrated by the analyses of the experimental data of the naturally fractured sandstone permeability dependence on temperature and effective stress. The dual-porosity nature of the naturally fractured porous formations is determined as the key factor in the proper description of the effect of stress and thermal deformation on the petrophysical properties. The threshold or critical stress and temperature conditions separating the fracture and matrix deformation modes, referred to as the stress and thermal shocks phenomena, are determined. The performances of the improved correlations are demonstrated by analyzing and correlating of the experimental data based on the modified power-law equation. The present approach applying the modified power-law equation is shown to generate high quality results.
Evaluation of statin indication and dose intensification among type 2 diabetic patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital
Authors: Yitbarek Pineal , Baye Assefa Mulu , Gedamu Melak , Makonnen Eyasu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) increases the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by a 2 to 4-fold compared to people without DM. Although clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of statin in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients to reduce cardiovascular risks and all-cause mortality, statin intolerance and other factors may lead to treatment discontinuation, switching among statin agents, dose adjustments, or the need for augmentation of the statin regimen impacting therapeutic benefits and patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of indication and dose intensification of statin therapy among T2DM patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).
Methodology
: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 405 T2DM patients from 01 April to 30 June 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was implemented to recruit study participants who had been on follow-up during the study period in TASH. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was used to measure the association of dependent and independent variables at 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-values of < 0.05 were utilized to determine the statistical significance.
Results
Statins were initiated for 85.4% of patients. Majority (82.9%) of patients were indicated statin for primary prevention and the estimated 10-year ASCVD scores were ≥ 7.5% among 60.1% of patients. Among 346 patients on statin therapy, the indication was appropriate in 333 (96.2%) patients while 216 (62.4%) patients were appropriately intensified. Predictors for appropriateness of statin indication were ASCVD score ≥ 7.5% (AOR = 0.275; 95% CI: 0.102–0.738, p = 0.01), presence of dyslipidemia (AOR = 4.48; 95%CI: 1.85–10.84; p = 0.001), initiation of aspirin therapy (AOR = 3.7; 95%CI: 1.522–9.144; p = 0.004), and LDL-cholesterol level 70–189 mg/dL (AOR = 0.124; 95% CI:0.042–0.365; p = 0.001). Moreover, duration of illness (AOR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.680-6.1351, P < 0.001) and history of vascular complications (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.085,9.708, P = 0.035) were associated with inappropriate dose intensification of statins.
Conclusion
The study found that indication of statins was generally in line with guidelines, but inappropriate statin dose intensification was linked to patients with longer duration of diabetes and vascular complications. Clinicians should consider dose titration of statins based on patient cardiovascular risk profile and routine laboratory results.
Post-Disaster Use Of Urban Parks In Settlements With High Earthquake Density: The Example Of Kültür Park
Authors: Başgün Ömer Faruk , Bulut Yahya 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Disasters cause many deaths, leave millions of people homeless, and lead to the loss of billions of dollars in economies every year around the world. The places most affected by disasters are city centers. According to the United Nations World Urbanization Reports, 55.3% of the world's population lives in cities. Due to their growing populations, cities nowadays are places where significant human casualties can occur during disasters. After disasters, people mostly use urban parks and open green spaces as shelter areas. Elazig's Kültür Park is one instance of an urban park that saw heavy use following a disaster. This city park has an area of 180,000 square meters. Following the 6.8-magnitude Elazig earthquake on January 24, 2020, Kültür Park served as a temporary shelter and a disaster management center. Elazig is a city where disasters are experienced intensely. The analyses have also shown that the earthquake intensity in the city is very high. The earthquake intensity analysis used calculations based on Silverman's Basic Rule Bandwidth Estimation Formula. The plan, projects, features, post-earthquake usage, and problems experienced in the use of Kültür Park, which was used as a shelter after the earthquake, were examined. The functionality of the use of the park after the earthquake and the secondary disasters that occurred in the park were investigated. The findings show that Kültür Park and other green spaces are not entirely appropriate for use after a disaster. Suggestions were developed for Kültür Park and other open green areas.
HIV-1 mRNA Knockdown with CRISPR/Cas9 Enhances Neurocognitive Function
Authors: McLaurin Kristen A , Li Hailong , Khalili Kamel , Mactutus Charles F. , Booze Rosemarie M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Mixed glia are infiltrated with HIV-1 virus early in the course of infection leading to the development of a persistent viral reservoir in the central nervous system. Modification of the HIV-1 genome using gene editing techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9, has shown great promise towards eliminating HIV-1 viral reservoirs; whether these techniques are capable of removing HIV-1 viral proteins from mixed glia, however, has not been systematically evaluated. Herein, the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for eliminating HIV-1 mRNA from cortical mixed glia was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, a within-subjects experimental design was utilized to treat mixed glia isolated from neonatal HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats with varying doses (0, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, 4.5, or 5.4 μL) of CRISPR/Cas9 for 72 hours. Dose-dependent decreases in the number of HIV-1 mRNA, quantified using an innovative in situ hybridization technique, were observed in a subset (i.e., n=5 out of 8) of primary mixed glia. In vivo, HIV-1 Tg rats were retro-orbitally inoculated with CRISPR/Cas9 for two weeks, whereby treatment resulted in profound excision (i.e., approximately 53.2%) of HIV-1 mRNA from the mPFC. Given incomplete excision of the HIV-1 viral genome, the clinical relevance of HIV-1 mRNA knockdown for eliminating neurocognitive impairments was evaluated via examination of temporal processing, a putative neurobehavioral mechanism underlying HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Indeed, treatment with CRISPR/Cas9 partially restored the developmental trajectory of temporal processing. Proof-of-concept studies, therefore, support the susceptibility of mixed glia to gene editing and the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 to serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for HAND, even in the absence of full viral eradication.
Fatigue strength and fatigue crack initiation mechanism in non-combustible Mg-4%Al-1%Ca-0.2%Mn alloys and its TIG and MIG weld joints
Authors: SHAO XUANYI , THAO Bui Phuong , NAKATA Taiki , ZHANG Nan , MIYASHITA Yukio , KAMADO Shigeharu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Fatigue mechanism of a Mg-4%Al-1%Ca (hereinafter referred to as AX41) non-combustible magnesium alloy and its TIG(Tungsten Inert Gas) and MIG(Metal Inert Gas) weld joint was investigated through the plane bending fatigue and crack propagation tests. Results of plane bending fatigue tests showed that fatigue strengths of TIG and MIG weld joints were lower than that of the base metal (BM), while a similar fatigue strength at 107 cycles was found in both TIG and MIG weld joints. However, a TIG weld joint showed the highest crack propagation resistance among tested samples in crack propagation tests. Scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis were used to investigate the relationship between microstructural factors and crack initiation mechanism of AX41 alloy and its weld joint. Cracks were found to initiate from grains in BM, while weld defects became a crack initiation site in a MIG weld joint. However, both grains and weld defects were observed as a crack initiation site in a TIG weld joint. Results of EBSD analysis indicated that fatigue crack initiation in TIG weld joint was favored in large grains with high Schmid factors. The critical value of initial crack length was discussed in correlation between the maximum grain size and the maximum weld defects/inclusions size on the fatigue crack initiation mechanisms. As a result, prediction method of the fatigue strength at 107 cycles was proposed based on the hardness and weld defects/inclusions size.