bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of floating zone profiles in materials grown by the laser‐heated pedestal growth technique under isostatic atmosphere
Authors: Reyes Ardila D. , Vergara Cofré L. , Barbosa L. B. , Andreeta J. P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe analysis of the melt profile in floating zone techniques has been made in the past years by raising differential equations in terms of Cartesian coordinates and numerically looking for its solution. Although this method permits to establish quite good approximations to the real melt profile, the solutions are deficient in the prediction of new information that can be related to the thermophysical properties of most materials. We investigated the applicability of a different approach that starting from a novel differential equation permits its fitting to the profile of a real situation and also the determination of some important growth parameters like the range of shape stability. Results concerning melt profiles of materials grown under controlled atmosphere are reported. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects in B–doped KDP crystals irradiated with neutrons of large spectra energy
Authors: Fischfeld G. , Affranchino A. , Di Loreto A. , Rocco C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe results obtained for the r63 electro‐optic coefficient of B‐doped and undoped KDP (KH2PO4) crystals irradiated with neutrons (including thermalized neutrons) produced by scattering of 30 Mev cyclotron protons on a target of Ta201, are presented and compared to those obtained for non‐irradiated doped and undoped crystals. The B‐doped (H3BO3, Na2B4O7 and Li2B4O7) crystals were obtained by the conventional growth method by temperature decrease with 1 wt % dopant concentration in solution. The thermal neutron flux was around ϕ = 1. 1010 n/cm2 s. Pulses of ∼15 μs long, in damped oscillatory mode (V= 8 kV, τ=1.95 μs) were used for the electro‐optic measurements. A Pockels cell, a photomultiplier, a He‐Ne laser (λ=632.8 nm, 5 mW, linearly polarized) and a Tk 720 A oscilloscope complete the experimental setup. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum transport, quantum effects and circuit functionality of nanostructured electronic circuits
Authors: Mathis W. , Felgenhauer F. , Fabel S. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion of the impact of quantum effects to classical circuits. We will provide you with a brief introduction to our developed numerical tools to simulate electron tunnelling and energy discretization in MOS structures. Regarding these results a few arguments for simulating circuits including these effects will be given. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CNN‐based trajectory analysis of flagellar bacteria for nanoscale motion control
Authors: Bucolo Maide , Basile Adriano , Fortuna Luigi , Frasca Mattia 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNanotechnology finds in flagellar bacteria an uncomparable example of a very efficient and miniaturized motor. This and the complex behaviour of the bacteria colonies growth in a self‐organized way make the study of flagellar bacteria very important and appealing for possible applications. This brief paper presents an innovative point of view: instead of designing nanoscale devices the control of flagellar bacteria is an alternative solution for nanoscale problems. For these reasons in this work single bacterium motion and colonies growth have been studied by applying non‐linear methods in order to characterize their behaviour and control it. The characterization of the single bacterium motion leads to the conclusion that determinism (due to chemotaxis) is predominant with respect to random terms. This result is confirmed by the possibility of modelling the case study of colonies growth through an activation/inhibition dynamics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and perinatal factors as risk for childhood type 1 diabetes
Authors: Larsson Karin , Elding‐Larsson Helena , Cederwall Elisabeth , Kockum Karin , Neiderud Jan , Sjöblad Sture , Lindberg Bengt , Lernmark Barbro , Cilio Corrado , Ivarsson Sten‐A. , Lernmark Åke 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe mechanisms by which gestational infections, blood incompatibility, birth weight, mother's age and other prenatal or neonatal events increase the risk for type 1 diabetes are not understood. Studies so far have been retrospective, and there is a lack of population‐based prospective studies. The possibility of identifying children at type 1 diabetes risk among first‐degree relatives has resulted in prospective studies aimed at identifying postnatal events associated with the appearance of autoantibody markers for type 1 diabetes and a possible later onset of diabetes. However, the majority (85%) of new onset type 1 diabetes children do not have a first‐degree relative with the disease. Population‐based studies are therefore designed to prospectively analyse pregnant mothers and their offspring. One such study is DiPiS (Diabetes Prediction in Skåne), which is examining a total of about 10 000 pregnancies expected every year in the Skåne (Scania) region of Sweden that has 1.1 million inhabitants. Blood samples from all mothers in this region are obtained during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. Cord blood is analysed for HLA high‐risk alleles and for autoantibodies against the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), the protein tyrosine phosphatase–related IA‐2 antigen (IA‐2A) and insulin (IAA) as a measure of prenatal autoimmune exposure. Identifying high‐risk children by genetic, autoimmune and gestational risk factors followed by prospective analyses will make it possible to test the hypothesis that gestational events may trigger beta cell autoimmunity as a prerequisite for childhood type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: Review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder
Authors: Valdois Sylviane , Bosse Marie‐Line , Tainturier Marie‐Josèphe 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThere is strong converging evidence suggesting that developmental dyslexia stems from a phonological processing deficit. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by the widely admitted heterogeneity of the dyslexic population, and by several reports of dyslexic individuals with no apparent phonological deficit. In this paper, we discuss the hypothesis that a phonological deficit may not be the only core deficit in developmental dyslexia and critically examine several alternative proposals. To establish that a given cognitive deficit is causally related to dyslexia, at least two conditions need to be fulfilled. First, the hypothesized deficit needs to be associated with developmental dyslexia independently of additional phonological deficits. Second, the hypothesized deficit must predict reading ability, on both empirical and theoretical grounds. While most current hypotheses fail to fulfil these criteria, we argue that the visual attentional deficit hypothesis does. Recent studies providing evidence for the independence of phonological and visual attentional deficits in developmental dyslexia are reviewed together with empirical data showing that phonological and visual attentional processing skills contribute independently to reading performance. A theoretical model of reading is outlined in support of a causal link between a visual attentional disorder and a failure in reading acquisition. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of the Steric Bulk of the Ligand on the Geometry of the Species Self‐Assembled from CoIII Bis(dioximates) and Boronic Acids
Authors: Dreos Renata , Nardin Giorgio , Randaccio Lucio , Siega Patrizia , Scagliola Silvia , Tauzher Giovanni 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the products of the reactions between the bis(diphenylglyoximato)cobalt(III) complexes [Co(CH3)(dpgH)2L] [L = py or H2O; dpgH2 = bis(diphenylglyoxime)] and 4‐pyridinylboronic acid (1) and 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (2) are described. The crystals of both 1 and 2 are built up by dimeric units arranged on a crystallographic symmetry center, so that the 4‐pyridinyl (in 1) or the 3‐aminophenyl residue (in 2) of one moiety coordinates to the Co atom of the symmetry‐related unit. 1H NMR spectra show that both 1 and 2 are stable in solution in aprotic solvents: they do not dissociate and are not in equilibrium with species having different nuclearity. The geometry of 1 is very similar to that of the species assembled from the corresponding bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III) complex and 4‐pyridinylboronic acid. On the contrary, the replacement of the methyls by phenyls prevents the trimeric arrangement previously found in the supramolecular species assembled from methylcobaloxime and 3‐aminophenylboronic acid and leads to the dimeric species 2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Formation of VN from VCl4 and NH(SiMe3)2 by APCVD − a Potential Solar Control Coating
Authors: Newport Anne , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. , O’Neill Shane A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractVanadium nitride thin films have been synthesised by the reaction of vanadium(IV) chloride with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD conditions at 300−550 °C. The films deposited have good optical characteristics and low electrical resistivities. These films were not scratched off the glass substrate by a steel stylus and were not degraded by immersion in a range of solvents. X‐ray diffraction showed an NaCl‐type cubic cell with a = 4.102(1)−4.127(1) Å, dependent on the sample. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the films have a V/N ratio close to unity. For comparison, films were also deposited by the APCVD reaction of VOCl3 with HMDS. These films consist of mixed phases of vanadium oxynitride and V2O3. The VN films show properties suitable for use as solar control coatings. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
New Ruthenium Complexes with 4‐(1H‐Pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐Substituted Polypyridine Ligands − Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Martineau David , Gros Philippe , Beley Marc , Fort Yves 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThree new pyrrole‐containing ligands and their ruthenium complexes have been prepared. The pyrrole ring bound by nitrogen to pyridine was found to significantly modify photophysical and electrochemical properties compared to parent bi‐ and terpyridines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Extending The Reaction Landscape of the {Pt(μ‐S)2Pt} Core: From Metal Centers to Non‐Metallic Electrophiles
Authors: González‐Duarte Pilar , Lledós Agustí , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe outstanding nucleophilicity of the {Pt(μ‐S)2Pt} core in compounds [L2Pt(μ‐S)2PtL2] (L2 = phosphane) accounts for their ability to act as metalloligands towards main group and transition metals, and thus for the high number of [{L2Pt(μ3‐S)2PtL2}xML′y]z aggregates already described. However, the electronic and molecular features underpinning this behavior anticipate a landscape of comparable richness for the reactions of [L2Pt(μ‐S)2PtL2] with non‐metal electrophiles. Exploration of the chemistry of [L2Pt(μ‐S)2PtL2] (L2 = chelating diphosphane) towards various electron‐acceptor species has been the aim of our research for the past years. In this microreview we survey the synthetic strategies of [L2Pt(μ‐S)2PtL2] compounds, their distinguishing electronic and molecular features, the dynamic processes and electron‐donor properties of the {Pt(μ‐S)2Pt} core, and its binding ability towards metal centers. Moreover, particular attention is given to the reaction chemistry of [L2Pt(μ‐S)2PtL2] with organic electrophiles and protic acids, as well as to the influence of the {Pt(μ‐S)2Pt} core on the reactivity of inorganic or organic L′ ligands in [{L2Pt(μ3‐S)2PtL2}xML′y]z aggregates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Post‐Metallocene Hydridolanthanide Chemistry: [Lu{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2(μ‐H)]2 — A Novel Lanthanide Hydride in a Non‐Cyclopentadienyl Coordination Environment; Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Trifonov Alexander A. , Fedorova Elena A. , Fukin Georgy K. , Bochkarev Mikhail N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe reaction of anhydrous LuCl3 with a twofold molar excess of lithium guanidinate [Li{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}], obtained in situ from the amide [LiN(SiMe3)2(Et2O)] and 1,3‐diisopropylcarbodiimide in THF, yields the bis(guanidinate) “ate” complex [Lu{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2(μ‐Cl)2Li(THF)2] (1). The alkyllutetium derivative [Lu{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2(CH2SiMe3)] (2) was synthesized by a metathesis reaction of 1 with LiCH2SiMe3 in toluene. The treatment of 2 with an equimolar amount of PhSiH3 in hexane at room temperature results in the first known dimeric lanthanide hydride in a bis(guanidinate) coordination environment, [Lu{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2(μ‐H)]2 (3). The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 3 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. The hydrido complex 3 was found to catalyze polymerization of ethylene, propylene and styrene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Characterisation of chicken fat dry fractionation at the pilot scale
Authors: Arnaud Elodie , Relkin Perla , Pina Michel , Collignan Antoine 
Published: September 2004

AbstractChicken fat was processed by dry fractionation to obtain a solid fraction at ambient temperature. Crystallisation and separation were performed using industrial‐type procedures. Crystal formation and changes were monitored, while determining the composition, physical characteristics and thermal behaviour of the initial fat and resulting fractions. Dry fractionation, under the described conditions, produced stearin that resembled other animal fats such as lard and tallow and with better physical features than the initial fat stock. The results of this study also highlighted the mechanisms involved during the dry fractionation process.
Glucose Biosensor Based on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Dai Yi‐Qing , Shiu Kwok‐Keung 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn amperometric glucose biosensor based on multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified glassy carbon electrode has been developed. MWCNT‐modified glassy carbon electrode was obtained by casting the electrode surface with multi‐walled carbon nanotube materials. Glucose oxidase was co‐immobilized on the MWCNT‐modified glassy carbon surface by electrochemical deposition of poly(o‐phenylenediamine) film. Enhanced catalytic electroreduction behavior of oxygen at MWCNT‐modified electrode surface was observed at a potential of −0.40 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) in neutral medium. The steady‐state amperometric response to glucose was determined at a selected potential of −0.30 V by means of the reduction of dissolved oxygen consumed by the enzymatic reaction. Common interferents such as ascorbic acid, 4‐acetamidophenol, and uric acid did not interfere in the glucose determination. The linear range for glucose determination extended to 2.0 mM and the detection limit was estimated to be about 0.03 mM.
Glucose Microbiosensor Based on MnO2 and Glucose Oxidase Modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode
Authors: Hocevar Samo B. , Ogorevc Bozidar , Schachl Klemens , Kalcher Kurt 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA glucose microbiosensor has been developed using electrochemical codeposition of glucose oxidase (GOx) along with MnO2 as mediator, onto a single carbon fiber microelectrode. A two‐step deposition of only MnO2 initially and then of MnO2 in the presence of GOx has been introduced to ensure appropriate activity of the mediator. Several parameters such as deposition potential and time, concentration levels etc. have been characterized and optimized. A thin Nafion film was applied as an immobilization/encapsulation and interference‐free protective layer. The proposed microbiosensor was employed as an amperometric glucose detector at pH 7.5 at an operating potential of +0.58 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The microbiosensor is characterized by a well‐reproducible amperometric response, linear signal‐to‐glucose concentration range from 1.5 mmol L−1 to 15 mmol L−1, and a limit of detection (S/N=3) of 0.8 mmol L−1. The microbiosensor exhibits good stability over more than ten hours of continuous measurement.
Development of a Rapid Single‐Drop Analysis Biosensor for Screening of Phenanthrene in Water Samples
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Kreuzer Mark P. , Pravda Miloslav , Guilbault George G. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDetection techniques for biosensors often require bulky instruments or cells that are not feasible for in‐field analysis. Our single‐drop cell design, optimized in this work, comprised a screen‐printed three‐electrode (SPE), strip in horizontal position onto which a volume of 100 μL of sample or substrate solution was placed to ensure electrical contact (complete circuit). Together with optimized linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), parameters for the detection of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP), the system was applied to a biosensor for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in environmental samples. A limit of detection (LOD), of 0.15 ppb was achieved for a model system with an IC50 value of 0.885 ppb and a linear range (LR), of 0.2–10 ppb. Application of the single drop analysis (SDA), format to a PAH biosensor gave a LOD of 1.4 ppb for detection of phenanthrene with an IC50 value of 29.3 ppb and linear range of 2–100 ppb. Proof of concept is shown with spiked sample analysis of phenanthrene in matrices such as sea, river and tap water.
Trace Determination of Chromium by Square‐Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry on Bismuth Film Electrodes
Authors: Chatzitheodorou Eleni , Economou Anastasios , Voulgaropoulos Anastasios 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis works reports the use of adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) for the trace determination of chromium on a rotating‐disk bismuth‐film electrode (BFE). During the reductive accumulation step, all the chromium species in the sample were reduced to Cr(III) which was complexed with cupferron and the complex was accumulated by adsorption on the surface of a preplated BFE. The stripping step was carried out by using a square‐wave (SW) potential‐time voltammetric signal. Electrochemical cleaning of the bismuth film was employed, enabling the same bismuth film to be used for a series of measurements in the presence of dissolved oxygen. The experimental variables as well as potential interferences were investigated and the figures of merit of the method were established. Using the selected conditions, the 3σ limit of detection for chromium was 100 ng L−1 (for 120 s of preconcentration) and the relative standard deviation was 3.6% at the 2 μg L−1 level (n=8). Finally, the method was applied to the determination of chromium in real samples with satisfactory results.
Seismic performance evaluation of steel arch bridges against major earthquakes. Part 2: simplified verification procedure
Authors: Lu Zhihao , Usami Tsutomu , Ge Hanbin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe performance‐based philosophy has been accepted as a more reasonable design concept for engineering structures. For this purpose, capacity evaluation and demand prediction procedures for civil engineering structures under earthquake excitations are of great significance. This work presents a displacement‐based seismic performance verification procedure including capacity and seismic demand predictions for steel arch bridges and investigates its applicability. Pushover analyses is employed as a basis in this method to investigate the structure's behaviors. A failure criterion for steel members accounting for the effect of local buckling is involved and an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom (ESDOF) system with a simplified bilinear hysteretic model formulated using pushover analyses results is introduced to estimate the displacement capacity and maximum demand of steel arch bridges under major earthquakes. To check the accuracy of the proposed method, seismic capacities and demands from multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) time‐history analyses with Level‐II design earthquake record inputs modeling major earthquakes are used as benchmarks for comparison. By a case study, it is clarified that the proposed prediction procedure can give accurate estimations of displacement capacities and demands of the steel arch bridge in the transverse direction, while insufficient for the longitudinal direction, which confirms the conclusion drawn in other structure types about the applicability of pushover analyses. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of pool length on local turbulence production and energy slope: a flume experiment
Authors: Thompson Douglas M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe inﬂuence of pool length on the strength of turbulence generated by vortex shedding was investigated in a 6 m long recirculating ﬂume. The experiment utilized a 38% constriction of ﬂow and an average channel‐bed slope of 0·007. The base geometry for the intermediate‐length pool experiment originated from a highly simpliﬁed, 0·10 scale model of a forced pool from North Saint Vrain Creek, Colorado. Discharge in the ﬂume was 31·6 l/s, which corresponds to a discharge in the prototype channel of 10 m3/s. Three shorter and four longer pool lengths also were created with a ﬁxed bed to determine changes in turbulence intensities and energy slope with pool elongation. Three‐dimensional velocities were measured with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter at 31–40 different 0·6‐depth and near‐bed locations downstream of the rectangular constriction. The average velocity and root mean square (RMS) of the absolute magnitude of velocity at both depths are signiﬁcantly related to the distance from the constriction in most pool locations downstream of the constriction. In many locations, pool elongation results in a non‐linear change in turbulence intensities and average velocity. Based on the overall ﬂow pattern, the strongest turbulence occurs in the center of the pool along the shear zone between the jet and recirculating eddy. The lateral location of this shear zone is sensitive to changes in pool length. Energy slope also was sensitive to pool length due to a combination of greater length of the pool and greater head loss with shorter pools. The results indicate some form of hydraulic optimization is possible with pools adjusting their length to adjust the location and strength of turbulent intensities in the center of pools, and lower their rate of energy dissipation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.