bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Control of Cell Fate in the Leukemias and Lymphomas
Authors: Look A Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the human acute leukemias and lymphomas, the normal sequence of biochemical events contributing to lymphoid or myeloid cell development is interrupted by genetic lesions that can lead to arrested differentiation, dysregulated proliferation, or aberrant survival, followed by clonal expansion of the affected cells. Cytogenetic analysis has revealed that blast cells from patients with leukemia or lymphoma almost invariably harbor clonal chromosomal abnormalities.
Coherent Identities amid Heterosexist Ideologies Deaf and Hearing Lesbian Coming-Out Stories
Authors: Wood Kathleeen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last decade has seen a rise in antihomophobia legislation and a comercial production of positive images of queer lifestyles in the media, on prime-time television, and in Hollywood. Tempering this apparent acceptance is the reality that many queers still commonly experience both family rejection and public acts of hatred. In this social context, how and where do queers resist heterosexist boundaries and realize coherent identities as lesbians and gay men? One site is the life stories they tell, where identities are discursively created amid prevailing ideologies. Like other life stories about counterhegemonic living, the life stories of queers are oftentimes stories of a movement away from a social mainstream to life on the perimeter-stories of self-transformation about recognizing and revealing gender and attraction differences. These corning-out stories have been variously examined in the literature of anthropology and sociolinguistics (cf. Deby 1996; Gaudio 1996; Liang 1997; Wood 1997), providing us with a theoretical backdrop for the study of their structures. Julia Penelope and Susan Wolfe, in a widely read collection of lesbians’ stories, explain that “corning out involves revealing one’s identity to oneself, family members, colleagues, and communities. Corning out stories characterize the journey’s two levels: the external events of becoming a lesbian, and the internal pro cesses that accompany these events” (1989:10). In this chapter, I will examine the structures of corning-out stories of Deaf and hearing lesbians in order to show how coherent lesbian identities are realized, a narrative task that requires such women to contend with hegemonic notions of gender, attraction, and sexuality.
Constructing the Irrational Woman: Narrative Interaction and Agoraphobic Identity
Authors: Capps Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter illuminates the construction of irrationality through analysis of family interaction involving a woman (“Meg”) who identifies herself and is identified by clinicians and those around her as agoraphobic. In Meg’s words: I was diagnosed [with agoraphobia] two years ago ... and now I identify myself first and foremost as agoraphobic. Fear is constantly in my mind I feel “less than” other people, kind of crazy somehow. And I know my kids and my husband, who’s the world’s nicest, most normal guy, must think of me as irrational. I’m somebody who’s afraid to do most EVERYthing that normal people do without thinking twice. Just thinking about normal, everyday things can send me into a panic.
All Media Are Created Equal: Do-It-Yourself Identity in Alternative Publishing
Authors: Sutton Laurel A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a world where weekly magazines provide the answers to life’s questions, where movies provide role models and television is often a babysitter, the message of media is no longer optional. Identity-especially women’s identity, which in Western culture is so often framed as “other” (cf. Morgan, chapter 1, and Sawin, chapter 12, this volume)-is a mosaic made up of bits and pieces of the self stolen from media that pervade every waking hour of our lives.
Purchasing Power: The Gender and Class Imaginary on the Shopping Channel
Authors: Bucholtz Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The vexed question of women’s position in popular culture has been answered, broadly speaking, by two opposing schools of thought within feminism. In the predominant, text-based approach, cultural forms-newspapers, magazines, advertisements, films, televisions shows, music-are mined for patriarchal ideologies in structure and content (e.g., Modleski 1991; Mumford 1995; Winship 1980). The utility of textual analyses is confirmed by the continuing resonance of this critical work in women’s lives. Nevertheless, such interpretations are brought up short when they expand their scope to include women not only as the objects of popular representation but also as the consumers of them. Given the sexism inherent in popular culture and uncovered in earlier scholarship, women’s enthusiastic participation in what is widely understood as “their own oppression” is frequently viewed as deeply problematic. Explanatory theories predicated on women’s “self-hate” are not uncommon (Douglas 1994), and analyses often hinge overtly or covertly on the class position of the women who are thought to engage most completely in popular culture. Such theories assume that popular culture is the transmitter of monolithic gender ideologies (see discussion in Strinati 1995) and place the feminist analyst at the opposite pole from the deluded, less-than-middle-class female consumer. In response, scholars who are critical of this outcome have issued counteroffensives from a psychoanalytic perspective that emphasizes personal, even autobiographical, plea sure (e.g., Nochimson 1992). Others have moved away from text-centered interpretation altogether, espousing instead a more ethnographic approach that takes “real” women’s cultural analyses as primary (e.g., Christian-Smith 1990; Hobson 1980; Radway 1991).
Hot Groups: Why Now?
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hot groups are not new. They are probably as old as the human race. Why do organizations or society in general need more hot groups? And why begin fussing about them now? Is this year really so different that we suddenly need what some will surely dismiss as another gimmick called a “hot group”? We should remember that not too long ago “hot” individuals were also unwelcome in many large organizations. They, too, were frequently treated as misfits and poor team players. Such “zealots,” “weirdos,” and, yes, “entrepreneurs” were often hidden away in isolated organizational woodsheds. Thanks in part to Gifford Pinchot, who relabeled these mavericks “intrapreneurs” and highlighted their important contributions, hot individuals are now much more in demand.
Leaders of Hot Groups I: Three Kinds of Leadership
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this first in a triad of chapters about the leadership of hot groups, the spotlight falls on three kinds of unusual individuals. Each can properly be called a hot group leader, but each acts out a different aspect of leadership. What kinds of people play each role? What motivates them? How do they operate? What types of situations bring them to the forefront? Although these chapters examine the leaders of hot groups, the fact is that many hot groups don’t have any. Lots of spontaneous hot groups live their entire lives without ever having had any acknowledged leader. Members simply work on their task, not even thinking about the issue of leadership. They are too busy seeking their grail. In such groups, different members are likely to do various kinds of specialized work to help keep the group going. Someone may take on administrative duties, setting meeting schedules and circulating agendas. Others may approach an internal or external “angel” for seed money.
Leaders of Hot Groups III: Leaders Who Seed Many Crops of Hot Groups
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
You have, for purposes of this chapter, just been promoted to the prestigious and responsible job of vice president in charge of a large, semi-autonomous division of your company. In your broad domain, you’re the almost-but-not-quite-absolute ruler. You would like your new shop to move swiftly, developing new products and services and generally moving out ahead of the competition. To this end, you need to breed multiple crops of small, spirited hot groups. You want colonies of such groups to be an ongoing characteristic of your organization’s culture.
Hot Groups and the Organization: A Marriage of Inconvenience?
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No man―or woman―is an island, nor, in our interdependent global metropolis, is any group. Hot groups may prefer to live in splendid isolation, walled off from the rest of the disturbing world, but that’s seldom in the cards. The rest of the world is too much with them. Like every other unit of the modern organization, hot groups must continuously communicate, negotiate, compete, and collaborate. They must work with other parts of their own institution and with all sorts of outside groups. They may complain about the demands that those others make on them, yet they must, perforce, do at least as much demanding as the other guy.
Why Some Hot Groups Fizzle While Others Sizzle: Four Cautionary Tales
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not all hot groups manage to maintain their sizzle all the way to the completion of their tasks. In fact, without the right nutrients, even a very hot group can fizzle out, leaving its distraught members helpless and frustrated. So, although we are enthusiastic about hot groups, we must also acknowledge their fragility. This chapter looks at some sources of that vulnerability, factors that can spell disaster for a hot group. We begin with a sad case from the publishing industry, one that illustrates many, if not all, of the elements that can prematurely douse a hot group’s sizzle.
The Organizational Surround II:Hot Groups Also Grow in Unexpected Places
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hot groups sometimes turn up in very unlikely, even counterintuitive situations, not just in open and urgent organizations. This chapter examines four of those kinds of situations. In Chapter 6, we suggested that organizations that focus much more on people than tasks are likely to spawn hot groups that focus much more on tasks than people. The explanation for that seeming paradox is straightforward. Organizations that initially devote major efforts to selecting their people, but then give them lots of elbow room, are likely to generate innovative groups that will build challenging tasks for themselves. Examples: some film, theater, and musical groups, some TV production companies―like Carsey Werner―some universities, some research labs, a variety of large companies-such as Hewlett Packard and 3M―and many younger and smaller organizations.
Things Change at Different Speeds
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prediction: For people who inhabit organizations, as well as for hot groups and entire organizations, the future will not just be different. It also will be bright. That sanguine statement hangs mostly on this rather simple notion: Different things change at different speeds.Organizations will have to free their people more and more to meet the demands of these differential rates of change. Then those people will, as is their nature, respond by working harder and smarter. They will tackle challenging and important tasks and will pursue their work, often in small, hot groups. Consequently, the new ideal manager will be a more complete and natural human being than the old one, much less distorted by years of bureaucratic sandpapering. Those new managers, moreover, working in their new self-motivated groups, will not only do more innovative and useful work for the organization; they will also create challenging and ennobling opportunities for themselves and their workmates.
Differential Rates of Change Augur Glad Tidings
Authors: Lipman-Blumen Jean , Leavitt Harold. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So the world is moving fast, organizations slower, and managers hardly at all. What does all that mean for organizations, for individuals, and the central concern of this book, hot groups? We think several tentative conclusions can be drawn, and most of them look promising for all concerned. To bring themselves up to speed in a fast-moving world, organizations must first expunge three pervasive managerial myths, myths that have blocked their progress for a long, long time. Some organizations are abandoning those myths; most are still not quite able to let go.
Just Caring an Introduction
Authors: Fleck Leonard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Angel Diaz is 69 years old and in the very advanced stages of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). He had been a machine operator and part-time minister in Philadelphia (Anand, 2003). The first signs of AD were in the early 1990s. His brother cared for him until May of 2002 when Angel choked on some food and required emergency hospitalization. He emerged ventilator-dependent with a feeding tube, and was discharged to a nursing home. In February 2002 Angel developed pneumonia and intestinal bleeding. Since then he has spent 2003 days in the hospital at a cost of $280,000, less than half of which was covered by insurance.
Is Age–Based Rationing Ever “Just Enough”?
Authors: Fleck Leonard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But he emphasizes that he does not want to invest a lot of effort in defending any specific number. Rather, he takes a natural life span to be a period of time sufficient for an individual to live a complete biographical life (i.e., achieves success in whatever line of work she chooses, have children, see her grandchildren, enjoy some peaceful years of retirement). So, to answer his question, Callahan would regard a proper goal of medicine beyond a natural life span would be to relieve the suffering of the elderly, provide various kinds of supportive services for the elderly who have experienced functional loss, and to provide appropriate care at the end of life aimed at achieving a peaceful death. What he rejects as a reasonable goal of medicine are aggressive efforts to prolong human life by any medical means possible for as long as possible.
The Ethical Challenges of Priority Setting in Public Health
Authors: Fleck Leonard M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Explicating the demands of justice in allocating public health resources and in setting priorities for public health policies, or in determining whom they should target, remains among the most daunting challenges in public health ethics” (Childress et al., ). This is the primary challenge taken on in this chapter. Our key question is as follows: What does it mean to be a just and caring society so far as meeting public health care needs is concerned when we have only limited resources to meet virtually unlimited health care needs of all sorts? This is a complex question, so our first task will be to sort out this complexity.
Collaborative Construction of Repair in Aphasic Conversation
Authors: Laakso Minna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The typical feature of Wemicke’ s aphasia is fluent but erroneous speech. Speakers with Wemicke’ s aphasia make phonemic errors (in Finnish, they say the word herkku [delicacy] instead of serkku [cousin], for example) and blend semantically close words (in Finnish, poika [son] instead of is [father], for example). Thus, although they speak at a quite normal speaking rate, sounds shift and words blend in their speech. Sometimes whole utterances consist of neologisms, non-existing words that sound like but are not words of the speaker’s language. Due to the problems with proper content words, they also may adopt a strategy to use very general or less accurate words that are easy to produce without errors. These speech errors, combined with the speech comprehension difficulties typical of Wemicke’ s aphasia, obviously cause difficulty in conversational interaction.
Epilogue
Authors: Baker Jean H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like the movement itself, the written history of woman suffrage has evolved over time. The earliest phase was inaugurated by two suffragists, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, later joined by Matilda Joslyn Gage and even later by Ida Husted Harper, who gathered documents, memories, clippings, and miscellaneous reports from various parts of the country to create the massive six-volume History of Woman Suffrage.
Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Coutinho Elsimar M , Segal Sheldon J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a physical condition involving biological changes in the brain, hormone levels, and immune system prior and up to the menstrual flow starting. This syndrome has not always been understood and has only received widespread recognition in the last two decades. The alterations in both body and mind that take place in the days preceding menstruation foreshadow its arrival. We now know PMS is biological in nature, and laboratory or neurological tests can record some of these premenstrual events even if they are barely noticed or imperceptible to a woman.
Although menstruation is usually felt to be a natural and unavoidable regular occurrence, to which most women accommodate without complaint and with scarcely visible impact on their daily lives, nonetheless most women experience low-level discomfort such as bloating, fatigue, and backaches in the week before their periods. For about 30 to 40 percent of the female population, the symptoms they experience during this time can cause significant discomfort. But for 3 to 7 percent of women premenstrual syndrome means difficult bouts of emotional upheaval including fear, frustration, and rage that can have devastating effects on these women’s daily lives. The most frequent PMS symptoms are fatigue (92 percent), irritability (91 percent), abdominal distention (90 percent), nervous tension (89 percent), breast tenderness (85 percent), mood changes (81 percent), depression (80 percent), and increased appetite (78 percent).
Three Strikes and You’re Out—It’s Not Cricket Colonization and Resistance in Australian Sentencing
Authors: Freiberg Arie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Sentencing Matters, Michael Tonry comments that sentencing in 1995 in the United States would be unrecognizable to a judge of 1970 (Tonry 1996, p. 6). The same could not be said of sentencing in Australia, where change is a constant but its magnitude is not large. An Australian judge of a quarter-century ago would most likely feel comfortable with today’s sentencing process. Though he or she (the latter would be an innovation) might feel more constrained by the plethora of legislative provisions introduced to guide and shape his or her discretion and powers, the landscape would be relatively familiar. Assisted by a wider range of appellate cases, access to which would be facilitated by a new range of textbooks, encyclopedias, law reports, and, in some states, on-line access to the judgments, the modern sentencing judge can choose from a wider range of sentencing options: the smorgasbord would be richer, but not totally foreign or unknowable. Parole systems would still be in place, though not in identical forms. Although subjected to greater pressures from the media and politicians, and more sensitive to the role of the victim in the criminal justice system, yesterday’s judge, presiding today (and there are still some), would remain fortified and comforted by the fact that he or she, whether as a judge at first instance or on appeal, was still the center of the Australian sentencing universe, relatively free of grids, guidelines, or graphs and indeed of administrative or legislative committees to create or impose such guidelines.
The Impact of Technology on Knowledge Creation: A Study of Experimentation in Integrated Circuit Design
Authors: Thomke Stefan H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Experimentation is fundamental to the creation process of new engineering knowledge as it advances the engineer’ s understanding in the form of new analytical concepts and new ways of thinking (Vincenti, 1990). The rate at which such knowledge is created and transferred can create new competitive advantage (Nonaka, 1994; Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995); thus, improvements in the efficiency of experimentation should be of great interest to firms. This paper focuses on experimentation in an area where new knowledge plays a very important role—product design and development—and demonstrates how the efficiency of experimentation (and, as a result, the rate at which design-related knowledge is created) can be radically affected by the use of new and greatly improved technologies such as computer simulation and rapid prototyping.
Corporate Initiatives
Authors: Bhide Amar V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Large corporations usually undertake initiatives that occupy the lower right-hand region of the investment-uncertainty-profit diagram. Corporate executives, as we will see in this chapter, start with different endowments and constraints than do individual entrepreneurs. Stockholders give executives control over large amounts of capital. In return, corporations institute processes to evaluate and monitor new initiatives that involve extensive checks and balances. As a result, corporations tend to concentrate their investments on a few initiatives with well-defined risks and returns and to avoid the small, uncertain opportunities that individual entrepreneurs often thrive on.
Existing Theories and Models
Authors: Bhide Amar V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Most businesses mature gradually. Only exceptional businesses start with the talent, capital and strategies that rapidly propel them into the ranks of large, well-established companies. Compaq, as we saw in the Introduction, had an experienced team, $20 million in venture capital, and a plan that allowed it to behave like a large sophisticated company from the start, selling $100 million of its computers in its very first year. To use a biological analogy, ventures such as Compaq are like the “precocial” offspring of horses, which are relatively mature at birth and can see and walk in hours. Most start-ups, however, resemble the “altricial” young of creatures such as birds, red foxes, and humans, who are born in an immature and precarious state. Altricial start-ups take many years, often decades, to build the assets and coordination mechanisms that characterize well-established firms. Moreover, most don’t: In contrast to human offspring, an early demise or arrested development is the rule with start-ups, survival and growth the exception. In this chapter we will examine a variety of theories and models that might explain why only a few start-ups go on to become large and long-lived firms.
The National Struggle
Authors: Porter Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perhaps André Malraux was exaggerating when he said, “a man who is both active and pessimistic is a fascist or will be one,” but this dictum does highlight an important link between the exaltation of “the deed,” the repudiation of progressive historical time, and the emergence of the radical right.1 Although a belief in historical evolution still dominated European intellectual life in the 1880s, several pessimistic countemarratives of stasis or degradation were already in circulation. By the early 1890s an important segment of the Polish intelligentsia came to believe that progress was an illusion, that struggle in its most violent forms defined all social relations, and that morality was based on power. This dark vision of the world did not lead to resigned passivity, because for many young people the overpowering urge for action remained. As Malraux would have predicted, when the force of will was combined with hopelessness, the result (in Poland) was a disturbing new ideological formation: National Democracy.