bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Cholecystectomy for Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: Outcomes of Cholecystectomy on First Admission and after Recurrent Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Alimoglu Orhan , Ozkan Orhan V. , Sahin Mustafa , Akcakaya Adem , Eryilmaz Ramazan , Bas Gurhan 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBiliary stones are the leading cause of acute pancreatitis. Although cholecystectomy and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) comprise the current treatment in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), the time of intervention is still controversial. In this study we evaluated the outcomes of cholecystectomy on first admission for ABP and in patients with recurrent biliary pancreatitis. A series of 43 patients with ABP between January 1997 and November 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were classified into two groups. Group I included 27 patients who underwent cholecystectomy on first admission before discharge from the hospital. Group II comprised 16 patients who had recurrent biliary pancreatitis and then underwent cholecystectomy. The severity of the pancreatitis was determined by Ranson’s criteria. Age, gender, length of hospital stay, severity of pancreatitis, amylase level, and complications of cholecystectomy were evaluated in both groups. Patients in group I underwent cholecystectomy during the original hospital admission and patients in group II during an admission for a recurrence. There were 24 patients with a Ranson’s score ≤ 3 in group I and 12 in group II. The mean hospital stays were 15.29 days (range 4–48 days) and 36.66 days (range 15–123 days) in groups I and II, respectively (p = 0.006). Morbidity was 11% without mortality in group I and 43% with one mortality in group II (p = 0.023). Definitive treatment of ABP can be accomplished effectively and safely by cholecystectomy following clinical improvement, with selective ERC performed during the first admission (delayed cholecystectomy). Waiting to perform cholecystectomy (interval cholecystectomy) may result in recurrent biliary pancreatitis, which may increase morbidity and the length of the hospital stay.
Factors Influencing Postoperative Hospital Mortality and Long‐term Survival after Radical Resection for Stage IV Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Kondo Satoshi , Nimura Yuji , Kamiya Junichi , Nagino Masato , Kanai Michio , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Yuasa Norihiro , Sano Tsuyoshi , Hayakawa Naokazu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFactors influencing postoperative hospital mortality and long‐term survival after radical resection of stage IV gallbladder carcinoma remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of patients who are good candidates in terms of surgical risk and long‐term survival for radical resection of stage IV gallbladder carcinoma. A retrospective study was made of attempted surgical cure in 72 patients with stage IV gallbladder carcinoma. There were 14 postoperative hospital deaths (19%). Eleven (19%) of the 58 patients discharged from hospital survived for more than 3 years. Multivariate analysis indicated male gender, extended right hepatic lobectomy in a cholestatic liver, and portal vein resection as independent risk factors that correlated with hospital death. Distant metastasis was the sole independent factor that related negatively with long‐term survival by multivariate analysis. Subset analysis was performed with combinations of the four independent factors obtained by multivariate analyses. The hospital mortality rate and the 3‐year survival rate in the 44 patients without portal vein involvement were 9% and 28%, respectively, and were 3% and 27%, for the 31 women in this group. The highest 3‐year survival rate (39%) was observed in the 26 patients without distant metastasis and portal vein involvement, despite a hospital mortality rate of 12%. Better patient selection may improve the outcome of radical surgery for stage IV gallbladder carcinoma. These data may be useful in designing future trials of the surgical treatment of advanced gallbladder carcinoma.
Long‐term Outcome of Unilateral Parathyroid Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Due to Presumed Solitary Adenoma
Authors: Sidhu Stanley , Neill Adrian K. , Russell Colin F.J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractUnilateral cervical exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) remains controversial. Critics of unilateral exploration have argued that this surgical strategy results in an unacceptably large number of patients with persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia following the initial operation due to undetected additional parathyroid pathology on the contralateral, unexplored side of the neck. We have reviewed retrospectively a large cohort of patients who were submitted to scan‐directed unilateral cervical exploration for PHPT following dual‐isotope subtraction scintigraphy and according to a standard protocol. Between January 1, 1985 and June 30, 1999 a series of 184 patients underwent scan‐directed unilateral neck exploration for PHPT. Following the initial operation three individuals (1.6%) demonstrated persistent hypercalcemia. At a mean follow‐up of 59 months (range 6–168 months) none of the patients had developed recurrent hypercalcemia. Scan‐directed unilateral cervical exploration represents a valid surgical strategy for a significant proportion of patients with PHPT; and in this group of patients it does not lead to an increased incidence of persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia.
Aggressive Surgical Resection for Hilar‐invasive and Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nakagohri Toshio , Asano Takehide , Kinoshita Hirotoshi , Kenmochi Takashi , Urashima Tetsuro , Miura Fumihiko , Ochiai Takenori 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe clinicopathology and surgical outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and evaluate prognostic factors influencing survival. Forty consecutive patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas undergoing surgical resection at Chiba University Hospital between October 1981 and October 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were classified as hilar‐invasive type (n = 26) or peripheral type (n = 14). Patients with peripheral‐type tumors had a significantly (p = 0.005) better 5‐year survival rate (43%) than those with the hilar‐invasive type (4%). Hilar‐invasive‐type tumors had perineural invasion (100%) and nodal involvement (85%) more frequently than did peripheral‐type tumors. Despite aggressive surgical resection, the surgical margin was positive in 88% of patients with hilar‐invasive type tumors (23/26) and 29% of patients with peripheral‐type tumors (4/14). There was no evidence of a survival benefit of vascular resection for patients with a hilar‐invasive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Patients with lymph node metastasis had a significantly worse prognosis (p = 0.0004). No patients with nodal involvement survived more than 38 months. Negative perineural invasion (p = 0.008) and a negative microscopic margin (p = 0.008) were significantly associated with improved survival. Better survival results could be achieved by curative resection with a free margin for hilar‐invasive and peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Preoperative Evaluation of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma with Contrast‐enhanced Three‐dimensional Fast Imaging with Steady‐state Precession Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Comparison with Intraarterial Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Lee Moon‐Gyu , Park Kwang Bo , Shin Yong Moon , Yoon Hyun Ki , Sung Kyu Bo , Kim Myung Hwan , Lee Sung Gyu , Kang Eun Mee 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the image quality of double‐dose, contrast‐enhanced 3D fast imaging with steady‐state precession (FISP) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and to compare its efficacy with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Thirty‐six patients were studied to determine the visibility of the hepatic artery and portal vein with contrast‐enhanced MR angiography. Determination of hepatic arterial and/or portal invasion from cholangiocarcinoma was compared between MR angiography and DSA as well. 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium chelates were administrated at a rate of 4ml/s. The hepatic artery was diagnostically visible in 28 patients (78%); the portal vein, in 34 patients (94%). The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies in distinguishing arterial invasion, were 58%, 93%, and 89%, respectively, with MR angiography; 75%, 99%, and 96%, respectively, with DSA. In distinguishing portal venous invasion, these were 78%, 91%, and 89%, respectively, with MR angiography; 78%, 92%, and 90%, respectively, with DSA. There were no significant differences between imaging methods (p >. 05); however, DSA was superior in specificity regarding hepatic arterial invasion (p =. 0143). The data presented here indicate that noninvasive contrast‐enhanced 3D FISP MR angiography has the potential to replace DSA in the preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
Minimum Number of Lymph Nodes that Should Be Examined for the International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM Classification of Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Ichikura Takashi , Ogawa Toshiya , Chochi Kentaro , Kawabata Toshinobu , Sugasawa Hidekazu , Mochizuki Hidetaka 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe classification of lymph node metastasis based on the number of positive nodes has been adopted in the International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) TNM classification of gastric carcinoma. However, the N classification (for condition of the regional lymph nodes) would be underestimated when the number of examined nodes were too small. To determine the minimum number of lymph nodes to examine for a correct classification, we analyzed 926 patients undergoing curative resection for gastric carcinoma. The number of metastatic lymph nodes correlated significantly with the number of examined lymph nodes. The pN0 patients with 10 to 14 examined nodes showed a significantly higher survival rate than did those with 5 to 9 examined nodes, and they had as good a prognosis as those with 15 or more examined nodes. In the pN1 and pN2 categories, patients with 29 or fewer examined nodes tended toward lower survival rates than did patients with 30 or more examined nodes. Among the patients who were classified as stage IA, the survival rate for those with 5 to 9 examined nodes was significantly lower than that for patients with 30 or more examined nodes. Among the patients classified as stage III, those with 10 to 19 examined nodes and those with 20 to 29 examined nodes had lower survival rates than did patients with 30 or more examined nodes. In conclusion, the minimum number of lymph nodes examined for a correct pN0 classification can be reduced from 15 to 10. For pN1–3 classifications, 20 or more nodes should be examined, and examining 30 or more lymph nodes may be desirable.
Current approaches to the enhancement of fisheries
Authors: WELCOMME R. L. , BARTLEY D. M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWith increasing pressure on the world's inland and coastal marine fisheries, increases in production and quality of yield are being sought through the application of a range of enhancement techniques. Which of these is applied depends on the attitude to the natural resource by societies at different levels of economic development. The range of enhancement techniques involves increasing levels of human input and control which raise productivity significantly, but which also raise costs. Introductions have raised production in many areas of the world at the price of the risk of environmental disruption. Stocking is extremely widespread but has generally been applied uncritically. A variety of models are proposed to serve as a basis for more rigorous evaluation of biological and economic effectiveness of this practice. Fertilization of water bodies is used to raise levels of production further. Elimination of unwanted species then becomes necessary to maximize benefits from the target species. Adjustments to the habitats within the water body assist in raising general levels of productivity which culminate in the conversion of areas of the water into fish ponds or for cage culture. This process has important implications for the social, economic and policy context which necessitates shifts in ownership, finance and education among populations where these types of development occur.
Monitoring warm‐water fish populations in north temperate regions: sampling considerations when using proportional stock density
Authors: DIVENS M. J. , BONAR S. A. , BOLDING B. D. , ANDERSON E. , JAMES P. W. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThree lakes were repeatedly sampled at night using boat electric fishing, experimental gill netting, and fyke netting from May to November 1993 to evaluate the feasibility of using proportional stock density (PSD) to monitor warm‐water fish populations in Washington State, USA. Additionally, average night‐time boat electric fishing catch‐per‐effort of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepéde), from 30 Washington lakes was also analysed to determine the amount of effort required to obtain adequate samples for precise PSD estimates. Temporal variations in PSD were not large enough to affect the management of warm‐water fish populations in the small Washington lakes studied. However, the considerable effort required to obtain precise PSD estimates may limit its usefulness for warm‐water fisheries surveys in the Pacific Northwest. On average, from three to 13 nights of electric fishing effort are needed to capture enough stock‐length largemouth bass for PSD estimates, depending on the precision desired (80–95%) and the location of the lake (eastern or western Washington). Catch of stock‐length fish can be maximized by using electric fishing for centrarchids and gill netting for yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), in June or September. Adequate samples for precise PSD estimates can be difficult to obtain from Pacific Northwestern lakes, even when using recommended gear at optimum sampling times. Inability to capture an adequate sample size for precise PSD estimates may be responsible for some of the fluctuation in PSDs in some studies of warm‐water fish populations in northern areas. Managers in other northern climates may find that low sample size may account for large variations in PSDs reported.
The effects of siltation on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., embryos in the River Bush
Authors: O'CONNOR W. C. K. , ANDREW T. E. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe tolerance of incubating salmon embryos to spawning gravel sedimentation was examined under hatchery conditions and also in the natural state on the River Bush, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. In a laboratory assessment alevin survival was closely related to the level of fine material. The number of individuals was reduced at the 10% fines level while >15% fine material was found to be deleterious to survival. Mean survival on the river (19.26%) was found to be better than that recorded in the hatchery, although no clear relationship was established between the level of fines and percentage survival in the wild. The mean fines accumulation (13.59%) in the river incubators at the end of the experiment was shown to be statistically similar to the background substrate. The role of high flow events in the contamination of gravels scoured by spawning fish is discussed.
The effect of managed hydropower peaking on the physical habitat, benthos and fish fauna in the River Bregenzerach in Austria
Authors: PARASIEWICZ P. , SCHMUTZ S. , MOOG O. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe lower reaches of the Bregenzerach, a river in western Austria, have been affected by heavy hydro‐peaking discharges (up to 60 m3 s−1) for several decades. In conjunction with a plan to construct a new power plant, mitigation measures were developed to reduce the adverse effects of hydro‐peaking in this river reach.The impact assessment examined the effects of a new flow management system introduced in 1992. The study concentrated on three main components: abiotics (morphology, hydrology, hydraulics), fish and benthic fauna.Prior to mitigation, both the fish and invertebrate fauna were heavily affected by the peaking. Benthic biomass was less than 15% of that predicted by an altitude model. After mitigation benthic biomass recovered to about 60% of the model prediction. No post‐mitigation improvement was found with respect to fish biomass.Flow velocity distribution data showed that rising surge releases had two distinct phases, a bed‐filling and a flow acceleration phase. The present flow management system, based on a dual‐flow logistic, resulted in increased base flows and reduced peak flows, but did not alter the ramping rates. The reduction of the adverse effects of the bed‐filling phase was apparently responsible for the recovery of the benthic fauna. However, the unaltered ramping rate of the acceleration phase may have inhibited the development of the fish community.An analysis of the hydrograph demonstrated the possibility of adjusting the present management strategy to reduce the ramping rate of the acceleration phase, smoothing out the peak duration curve.
Characterization of the fishery in river communities in the low‐Solimões/high‐Amazon region
Authors: BATISTA V. S. , INHAMUNS A. J. , FREITAS C. E. C. , FREIRE‐BRASIL D. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractQuestionnaires were used to collect data from the low‐Solimões/high‐Amazon region, Brazil, between December 1992 and February 1994. Gillnets, fishing rods and castnets were the preferred gear used. Gillnets were used throughout the year whilst other gears were used only in certain periods of the year. The fish caught tended to supply family needs but a high proportion were sold in regional markets. Curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), pacu (various Myleinae) and ruelo (young Colossoma macropomum) were the most frequent species caught. Around 50% of the fish caught in these fisheries was consumed fresh, and the remainder was stored under ice or salted. Fish is the most important source of animal protein for this region, with an annual mean consumption rate of 550 g capita−1 day−1. The fishery has changed from a subsistence to a commercial scale, which was associated with increasing cattle ranching activities. This may have serious social and economic implications.
Probing the binding site of 800‐nm bacteriochlorophyll in the membrane‐linked LH2 protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus by local unfolding and chemical modification
Authors: Buche A. , Ellis G. , Ramirez J. M. 
Published: February 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the function of βHis20 in the spectral behavior of the 800‐nm bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) of the Rhodobacter capsulatus LH2 protein. In this context, the 800‐nm Bchl of the membrane‐linked LH2 was used as an intrinsic probe to follow the reversible, denaturant‐elicited unfolding of the neighboring protein region. This band was reversibly shifted to ≈ 770 nm by acidic pH, suggesting that the environment of the pigment, responsible for its native red shift, was significantly disturbed by the protonation of a chemical group. The reversible acid‐induced blue shift was only observed in the presence of unfolding agents (urea and guanidinium chloride). Thus, dismantling of the protein structure facilitated exposure of the basic group to the medium. The acid–base titrations of the spectral shift indicated an apparent pK ≈ 6.1, a value consistent with His imidazole being the protonatable group responsible for the acid‐induced band shift. The pK values of free N‐terminal amino groups are higher and not expected to be lowered by their local environment in the unfolded state of the protein. A similar blue shift of the 800‐nm Bchl band was caused by the modifier diethyl pyrocarbonate, which is known to carboxylate the imidazole group of His and free amino groups. It is also shown that the Fourier transform Raman spectrum of diethyl pyrocarbonate‐treated LH2 preparations lacks the weak mode at 1695 cm−1, suggesting that it should be assigned to the B800 Bchl.
The Sendai virus membrane fusion mechanism studied using image correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Rocheleau Jonathan V. , Petersen Nils O. 
Published: February 2003

The mechanism of Sendai virus membrane fusion to cultured cell membranes was studied. Viral lipids were labeled with the lipophilic dye, 4‐(4‐(dihexadecylamino)styryl‐N‐methylquinolinium iodine) (DiQ), and viral proteins were labeled using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The redistribution of these probes from the virus to cultured cells was followed using the technique of image correlation spectroscopy. This technique assayed the intensity change and the redistribution of these probes as fusion progressed from a more to less aggregated state. The lipid probe DiQ dispersed into the membrane of the target membrane at both 22 and 37 °C, while the FITC‐labeled proteins dispersed only at 37 °C. Simultaneous labeling of virus with both of these probes showed that at 37 °C their redistribution proceeded at different rates. These data were consistent with the formation of a hemifusion intermediate during the fusion process.
A thermodynamic study of the palladium–hydrogen system at 245–352 °C and at pressures up to 34 atm
Authors: Picard C. , Kleppa O. J. , Boureau G. 
Published: February 2003

The thermodynamic properties of the solutions of hydrogen in palladium at 245, 297, and 352 °C have been studied by a combined calorimetric–equilibrium method at pressures up to 34 atm. For hydrogen/palladium ratios up to x?0.35, the following equation within experimental precision represents the experimental data at 297 °C, i.e., near the critical temperature: Δ?H(cal mol−1) =Δ?H−TΔ?H =−1750−8250x+12 000x3+T{11.52+R ln[x/(1−x)]}.
Using this expression we obtained the following values of the critical parameters: Tc=567 K; Pc=19.35 atm; xc =0.2414; we have also calculated the limits of the (α+β) two-phase region xα(max) and xβ(min) at 245 °C to be 0.131 and 0.362, respectively. These calculated values are in good agreement with approximate values obtained directly from discontinuities in the observed partial enthalpies. Calorimetric measurements of the partial enthalpy in absorption and desorption measurements at 245 °C showed little evidence of hysteresis, and yielded Δ?H=−4.6 kcal mole−1 for the partial heat of absorption. This result is in good agreement with the average of earlier derived data from quasiequilibrium measurements.