bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Updated Review on Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn: Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Sahu Bhaskar , Sahu Mahendra , Sahu Mukesh , Yadav Megha , Sahu Rakesh , Sahu Chandana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNelumbo nucifera Gaertn is a recognised herbal plant in ancient medical sciences. Each portion of the plant leaf, flower, seed and rhizome is utilised for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The chemical compositions like phenol, alkaloids, glycoside, terpenoids and steroids have been isolated. The plant contains various nutritional values like lipids, proteins, amino acids, minerals, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. Traditional medicine confirms that the phytochemicals of plants give significant benefits to the treatment of various diseases such as leukoderma, smallpox, dysentery, haematemesis, coughing, haemorrhage, metrorrhagia, haematuria, fever, hyperlipidaemia, cholera, hepatopathy and hyperdipsia. To verify the traditional claims, researchers have conducted scientific biological in vivo and in vitro screenings, which have exhibited that the plant keeps various notable pharmacological activities such as anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, hypolipidemic, anti‐obesity, antipyretic, hypoglycaemic, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activities. This review, summaries the nutritional composition, chemical constituents and biological activities substantiated by the researchers done in vivo and in vitro.
Andrographolide reverts multidrug resistance in KBChR 8‐5 cells through AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Lakra Deepa S. , Bharathiraja Pradhapsingh , Dhanalakshmi T. , Prasad N. Rajendra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) one of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters plays an important role in MDR. In this study, we examined the sensitizing property of andrographolide (Andro) to reverse MDR in the drug‐resistant KBChR 8‐5 cells. Andro exhibited increased cytotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner in the P‐gp overexpressing KBChR 8‐5 cells. Furthermore, Andro showed synergistic interactions with PTX and DOX in this drug‐resistant cells. Andro co‐administration enhanced PTX‐ and DOX‐induced cytotoxicity and reduced cell proliferation in the MDR cancer cells. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated with a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) during Andro and chemotherapeutic drugs combination treatment in the drug‐resistant cells. Furthermore, Andro and PTX‐induced cell cycle arrest was observed in the drug‐resistant cell. We also noticed that the expression of ABCB1 and AKT were downregulated during Andro (4 µM) treatment. Furthermore, Andro treatment enhanced the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in the combinational groups that support the enhanced apoptotic cell death in drug‐resistant cancer cells. Therefore, the results reveal that Andro plays a role in the reversal of P‐gp‐mediated MDR in KBChR 8‐5 cells which might be due to regulating ABCB1/AKT signaling pathway.
De Winter syndrome in action: Captured on defibrillator
Authors: Alhatemi Ahmed Qasim Mohammed , Hashim Hashim Talib , Aziz Ezzat Mohammed Hussain , Abdulhussain Tiba Khaild , Hashim Ali Talib 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageDe Winter syndrome, though rare, demands heightened clinical suspicion. Recognizing its electrocardiographic subtleties is crucial, as prompt diagnosis allows for life‐saving interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention or thrombolysis.
One‐pot Twostep Chemobiocatalytic Synthesis of a Furan Amino Acid from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wu Zi‐Cheng , Li Wei‐Wei , Zong Min‐Hua , Li Ning 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, catalytic valorization of biomass‐derived furans has received growing interest. 5‐Aminomethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (AMFC), a furan amino acid, holds great promise in the aeras of polymer and pharmaceutical, but its synthesis remains limited. In this work, we report a chemobiocatalytic route toward AMFC by combining laccase‐TEMPO system and recombinant Escherichia coli (named E. coli_TAF) harboring ω‐transaminase (TA), L‐alanine dehydrogenase (L‐AlaDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), starting from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In the cascade, HMF is oxidized into 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) by laccase‐TEMPO system, and then the resulting intermediate is converted into AMFC by E. coli_TAF via transamination with cheap ammonium formate instead of costly organic amine donors, theoretically generating H2O and CO2 as by‐products. The tandem process was run in a one‐pot twostep manner, affording AMFC with approximately 81 % yield, together with 10 % 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) as by‐product. In addition, the scale‐up production of AMFC was demonstrated, with 0.41 g/L h productivity and 8.6 g/L titer. This work may pave the way for green manufacturing of the furan‐containing amino acid.
Downregulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1α in Primary Human Natural Killer Cells Using Small Interfering RNA Delivery with ExPERT ATx by MaxCyte
Authors: Velásquez Sonia Y. , Baslar Gizem E. , Schulte Jutta , Fuderer Tanja , Lindner Holger A. , Coulibaly Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are innate cytokine‐producing and cytolytic effector lymphocytes. Their function is responsive to environmental factors, e.g., hypoxia, a frequent feature of inflamed tissues. Such responses require that the NK cells up‐regulate HIF‐1α (hypoxia inducible factor‐1α), the major mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia that affects cell survival as well as immune responses. Thus, a major approach to the study of NK cell effector function under hypoxic conditions involves the ability to regulate HIF‐1α levels in primary human NK cells. One difficulty with this approach, however, is that NK cells are difficult‐to‐transfect cells and common transfection methods, including electroporation or lipofection, suffer from variable transfection efficiency and cell viability. Moreover, the detection of HIF‐1α is technically challenging because of the rapid degradation of the protein under normoxic conditions. Here, using the commercially available ExPERT ATx by MaxCyte, we report a workflow for the reliable delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for targeting HIF‐1α expression in primary human NK cells. We further provide a protocol for the detection of HIF‐1α by immunoblot analysis demonstrating its efficient downregulation by siRNA. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of natural killer cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsBasic Protocol 2: Delivery of non‐coding small interfering RNA and HIF‐1α targeting siRNA into natural killer cells using ExPERT ATxBasic Protocol 3: Assessing the downregulation of HIF‐1α protein using immunoblot analysisSupport Protocol 1: Exemplary assessment of transfection efficiency using fluorescently labeled non‐targeting siRNASupport Protocol 2: Exemplary assessment of NK cell viability 20 hr post‐transfectionSupport Protocol 3: Exemplary assessment of HIF‐1α knockdown using immunoblot analysis
Happy troubles? CSR awards and CSR report quality
Authors: Guo Yihao , Song Yanwen , Wang Yimin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose that quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, as measured by independent agencies, will decline when firms perform well in social responsibility. Building on the existing literature on stakeholder theory and existing literature, we theorize that lower‐quality CSR reports may correlate with better actual CSR because performing well in CSR will increase external stakeholders' expectations but simultaneously stimulate discontent among shareholders, forcing firms to mitigate the conflict through CSR reports. This study takes Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2019 as subjects and examines the relationship between winning prestigious CSR awards and CSR report quality. The results support our hypothesis. We further investigate two moderator variables and find the negative relationship is weakened when firms are state‐owned, potentially resulting in more social expectation pressures from the government and public. As an important financial indicator tracked by internal stakeholders, return on equity weakens this negative relationship.
Visible‐Light‐Sensitive Photoliquefiable Arylazoisoxazoles for the Solar Energy Conversion, Storage and Controlled‐Release of Heat at Room Temperature or Lower Temperatures
Authors: Dolai Anirban , Bhunia Supriya , Manna Kalipada , Bera Satyajit , Box Sk Majid , Bhattacharya Kallol , Saha Ritabrata , Sarkar Subhasish , Samanta Subhas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe photoswitchable MOlecular Solar Thermal (MOST) energy storage systems that are capable of exhibiting high energy storage densities are found to suffer from the poor cyclability, the use of less abundant UV light of the solar spectrum, or reduced charging/discharging rates and poor photoconversions in solid states. Herein, we have designed and readily synthesized a novel set of para‐thioalkyl substituted arylazoisoxazoles, that undergo high trans‐cis and cis‐trans photoconversions under visible light, and show fast charging/discharging and impressive cyclability. Remarkably, the presence of C6‐or C10‐thioalkyl chainin photochromes permitted reversible solid‐liquid phase transition with the formation of cis‐enriched charged states by 400 nm light irradiation and trans‐enriched discharged states by 530 nm light at various temperatures (10–35 °C). The solid‐to‐liquid phase transition enabled storage of the latent heat in addition to the isomerization energy, resulting in a high net energy storage density of 189–196 J/g, which are substantially higher than that of many recently reported azobenzene‐based MOST compounds (100–161 J/g). Using a high‐resolution infrared camera, we further demonstrated that a brief irradiation of green light can be employed to readily release the trapped photon energy as heat. Our results suggest that the arylazoisoxazole with C6‐thioalkyl chain at para‐position can serve as an effective and eco‐friendly photoliquefiable MOST material.
A clinical update on fungal disease of human skin
Authors: Burningham Kevin M. , Kim Juliana H. , Kashyap Alisha , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFungi cause cutaneous pathology in humans in three broad categories: superficial mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, and systemic or opportunistic mycoses. In this chapter, we will discuss recent updates in treatment for dermatological diagnoses in each of these categories. We will also discuss dermatologically relevant emerging fungal pathogens.
Shifting patterns in fine root distribution of four xerophytic species across soil structural gradients and years of growth
Authors: Hu Hui , Bao Weikai , Huang Long , Li Fanglan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFine root (diameter < 2 mm) distribution influences the potential for resource acquisition in soil profiles, which defines how plants interact with local soil environments; however, a deep understanding of how fine root vertical distribution varies with soil structural variations and across growth years is lacking. We subjected four xerophytic species native to an arid valley of China, Artemisia vestita, Bauhinia brachycarpa, Sophora davidii, and Cotinus szechuanensis, to increasing rock fragment content (RFC) treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, v v−1) in an arid environment and measured fine root vertical profiles over 4 years of growth. Fine root depth and biomass of woody species increased with increasing RFC, but the extent of increase declined with growth years. Increasing RFC also increased the degree of interannual decreases in fine root diameter. The limited supply of soil resources in coarse soils explained the increases in rooting depth and variations in the pattern of fine root profiles across RFC. Fine root depth and biomass of the non‐woody species (A. vestita) in soil profiles decreased with the increase in RFC and growth years, showing an opposite pattern from the other three woody species. Within woody species, the annual increase in fine root biomass varied with RFC, which led to large interannual differences in the patterns of fine root profiles. Younger or non‐woody plants were more susceptible to soil environmental changes than the older or woody plants. These results reveal the limitations of dry and rocky environments on the growth of different plants, with woody and non‐woody plants adjusting their root vertical distribution through opposite pathways to cope with resource constraints, which has management implications for degraded agroforest ecosystems.
Conservation genetics of Notelaea lloydii (Oleaceae) in south‐eastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Manawaduge Chapa G. , Ryan James , Phillips Matthew J. , Fuller Susan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHabitat fragmentation can increase the chance of population bottlenecks and inbreeding, and may ultimately lead to reduced fitness and local extinction. Notelaea lloydii is a native olive species endemic to Australia and listed as vulnerable due to its restricted distribution. A recent molecular systematics study has revealed there might be some geographic structuring among N. lloydii populations. Therefore, we undertook a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to determine levels and patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding and gene flow within and among N. lloydii populations in south‐eastern Queensland. Furthermore, as the reproductive phase of a plant's life history has a profound influence on genetic diversity, life history reproductive traits were also studied. Our SNP analysis revealed low genetic diversity, inbreeding and significant genetic structuring even among proximate populations. Results of a flower and fruit bagging experiment in two consecutive seasons revealed that N. lloydii produced many flowers but only a few fruits survived to maturity. There were no differences in bagged and un‐bagged flowering and fruiting rates, and therefore, we conclude that the high fruit abortion rate was probably due to inbreeding depression and/or suboptimal conditions, rather than pollinator availability and insect attack. Overall, results of this study indicate that the populations of N. lloydii are small, inbred and genetically isolated and represent unique management units that require local conservation management due to ongoing threats associated with urbanisation.
An eDNA‐based assessment of Garra cambodgiensis (stonelapping minnow) distribution on a megadiverse river, the Mekong
Authors: Osathanunkul Maslin , Suwannapoom Chatmongkon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGarra cambodgiensis (stonelapping minnow) has experienced significant population declines, prompting intensive research and management, although its distribution in river systems such as the Mekong remains obscure. Effective conservation and management necessitate accurate monitoring and survey data on the distribution of freshwater species. Traditional surveying techniques for fish may be challenging and generate insufficient data on species distribution. This study developed an eDNA‐based method for detecting G. cambodgiensis to address this void. Twenty‐one locations were surveyed. Water samples were collected in triplicate from the river's surface at each site and processed within 48 h in a dedicated laboratory. Primers and probes for G. cambodgiensis were meticulously designed and species‐specificity tested to ensure accurate detection without interference from co‐occurring species in the same geographic range. Each water sample was analysed by qPCR using six technical replicates. The results of qPCR were reported as positive with quantifiable eDNA concentration (copies/mL), below the limit of quantification, or non‐detectable. G. cambodgiensis eDNA was detected in water samples collected from 10 out of 21 sampling sites, with concentrations ranging from 8.5 to 2990.0 copies/mL. Importantly, G. cambodgiensis eDNA was consistently detected in all three replicate water samples at each site where the qPCR experiment yielded positive results. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating eDNA‐based monitoring or surveys for G. cambodgiensis in the ecologically diverse Mekong River. Monitoring based on eDNA can aid in targeting and informing conservation and management of G. cambodgiensis in its natural habitat. Comprehensive and robust information on species distribution can be obtained via an eDNA‐based survey, which could contribute to more efficient and informed decision‐making processes in fisheries management and conservation efforts.
Origin of domesticated water chestnuts (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) and genetic variation in wild water chestnuts
Authors: Lam Dinh Thi , Kataoka Taro , Yamagishi Hiroki , Sun Guoping , Udatsu Tetsuro , Tanaka Katsunori , Ishikawa Ryuji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe water chestnut Trapa bispinosa Roxb. has been domesticated in China and has been reported as the only domesticated species of this genus. To understand the origin of T. bispinosa and its evolution pathway, we compared the genetic similarity and seed morphology of domesticated water chestnut T. bispinosa with three wild species T. natans, T. incisa, and T. japonica along with archeological seed samples from the Tianluoshan site (approximately 7000–6300 cal BP) in China. The largest seed size was observed only in the domesticated species, whereas other wild species showed smaller size including T. natans L. genetically close to the domesticated type, and T. incisa was the smallest in size. The volumes of the seed capsule and endosperm were measured using X ray CT scans, showing the ratios of total volumes between T. bispinosa and wild species ranged from 4.2 to 4.5. The ratios of endosperm volume ranged from 3.3 to 3.7. Both measurements showed domesticated species have larger seed volume. Genome size was indirectly estimated by flow cytometry. Domesticated species with larger seed size was estimated as diploid, as were the wild species except for tetraploid species T. japonica. Domesticated species clearly showed the largest edible organs, but it was not a result of ploidy level changes. Maternal lineages traced using complete whole chloroplast sequences, suggested that T. natans is the closest to T. bispinosa, both of which are close to T. japonica. The result was confirmed by PCR genotyping with chloroplast insertion/deletion (cpINDEL) markers developed in the study. T. incisa showed distinct plastid types within the species, and T. japonica showed a unique plastid genotype. Our study concludes the largest volumes for the edible endosperm have been accomplished through nearly 6000 years of artificial selection, but the domestication did not involve ploidy level changes.
Population and conservation threats to the vulnerable Sarus crane Grus antigone in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Hari Prasad , Katuwal Hem Bahadur , Regmi Sandeep , Suwal Rajendra Narsingh , Acharya Rashmi , Nepali Amrit , KC Sabin , Aryal Bishnu , Tamang Krishna , Rawal Basudha , Basnet Amir , Baral Bashu Dev , Devkota Surya , Parajuli Sagar , Regmi Niraj , Kandel Pradip , Subedi Bishal , Giri Hari Sharan , Kawan Samjhana , Thapa Gokarna Jung , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlobally, biodiversity is declining due to habitat loss and degradation, over‐exploitation, climate change, invasive species, pollution, and infrastructure development. These threats affect the populations of large waterbird species, such as Sarus crane (Grus antigone), which inhabits agricultural–wetland ecosystems. Despite the burgeoning built‐up areas and diminishing agricultural and wetland spaces, scant research investigates the impact of these changing land uses on the globally vulnerable Sarus crane in Nepal. During the pre‐breeding season from April to June 2023, our comprehensive study meticulously scrutinized Sarus crane population status and factors associated with the occurrences and conservation challenges across 10 specific districts of Nepal. Our study documented a total of 690 individuals of Sarus cranes in five districts. The Lumbini Province has 685 individuals, occupying 11 roosting sites. Conversely, the remaining five districts have no Sarus cranes presence during this period. Wetland, farmland and built‐up areas exhibited a significantly positive influence on Sarus crane occurrences in the Lumbini Province. Additionally, we recorded 47 fatalities of Sarus cranes over the past 13 years in the Lumbini Province due to electrocution and collisions. Our study provides a baseline dataset crucial for developing conservation policies, particularly during the dry season when Sarus crane populations tend to congregate in larger flocks. The adaptation of the Sarus crane to urbanized landscapes exposes them to several anthropogenic threats in the coming days. Therefore, protecting wetlands and farmland areas and adopting transboundary conservation approaches are imperative for the long‐term conservation of the Sarus crane and its habitat.
S2I2N0–3 score predicts short‐ and long‐term mortality and morbidity in HFrEF: a post‐hoc analysis of the GUIDE‐IT trial
Authors: Sun Junyi , Xie Zhengshuo , Ye Min , Xu He , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen , Zhu Wengen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThis study investigated the S2I2N0–3 score, a simple tool comprising stroke history, insulin‐treated diabetes, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, for forecasting mortality and morbidity in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsAnalysing 890 GUIDE‐IT HFrEF trial participants, we stratified them by baseline S2I2N0–3 risk score into three risk groups. We examined the score's association with five adverse outcomes over short (90 days) and extended periods (median follow‐up of 15 months) using Cox and competing risk models. Our analysis revealed significant positive associations between the S2I2N0–3 strata and adverse outcomes. When analysed as a continuous variable, each point increment of the S2I2N0–3 score was associated with a higher risk of short‐ and long‐term cardiovascular death [short term: hazard ratio (HR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.98; long term: HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.38], all‐cause death (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12–2.07; HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36), HF hospitalization (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.20–1.62; HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.31), any hospitalization (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.34; HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.19), and the composite outcome of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60; HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.30). The S2I2N0–3 demonstrated reliable prognostic value, with C‐indices ranging from 0.619 to 0.753 across outcomes and time points. When compared with the Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score using Z‐statistics, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement, the S2I2N0–3 showed comparable predictive power for all outcomes during both short‐ and long‐term follow‐ups.ConclusionsThe S2I2N0–3 risk score had modest predictive values for both short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes in HFrEF patients, offering equivalent performance to the established MAGGIC score.