bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interhemispheric inhibition between dorsal premotor and primary motor cortices is released during preparation of unimanual but not bimanual movements
Authors: Denyer Ronan , Greeley Brian , Greenhouse Ian , Boyd Lara A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrevious research applying transcranial magnetic stimulation during unimanual reaction time tasks indicates a transient change in the inhibitory influence of the dorsal premotor cortex over the contralateral primary motor cortex shortly after the presentation of an imperative stimulus. The degree of interhemispheric inhibition from the dorsal premotor cortex to the contralateral primary motor cortex shifts depending on whether the targeted effector representation in the primary motor cortex is selected for movement. Further, the timing of changes in inhibition covaries with the selection demands of the reaction time task. Less is known about modulation of dorsal premotor to primary motor cortex interhemispheric inhibition during the preparation of bimanual movements. In this study, we used a dual coil transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure dorsal premotor to primary motor cortex interhemispheric inhibition between both hemispheres during unimanual and bimanual simple reaction time trials. Interhemispheric inhibition was measured early and late in the ‘pre‐movement period’ (defined as the period immediately after the onset of the imperative stimulus and before the beginning of voluntary muscle activity). We discovered that interhemispheric inhibition was more facilitatory early in the pre‐movement period compared with late in the pre‐movement period during unimanual reaction time trials. In contrast, interhemispheric inhibition was unchanged throughout the pre‐movement period during symmetrical bimanual reaction time trials. These results suggest that there is greater interaction between the dorsal premotor cortex and contralateral primary motor cortex during the preparation of unimanual actions compared to bimanual actions.
Cross‐sectional associations between sedentary time with cognitive engagement and brain volume among community‐dwelling vulnerable older adults
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Kiuchi Yuto , Nishimoto Kazuhei , Harada Kenji , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2023

AimsVulnerable older adults tend to decrease physical activity (PA) and increase sedentary time (ST). Previous research on the associations between ST and brain volume have yielded inconsistent findings, without considering the impact of cognitive engagement (CE) on cognitive function. We aimed to examine the association between ST with CE and brain volume.MethodsA structural magnetic resonance imaging survey was conducted among community‐dwelling vulnerable older adults. Brain volumetric measurements were obtained using 3T magnetic resonance imaging and pre‐processed using FreeSurfer. ST with low or high CE was assessed using a 12‐item questionnaire. PA was assessed by the frequency of light and moderate levels of physical exercise according to the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Participants were categorized into a low PA group and a moderate‐to‐high PA group.ResultsAmong 91 participants (83.1 ± 5.2 years old, 61.5% female), 26 were low PA. The overall sample and moderate‐to‐high PA group did not show significant positive associations with brain volume for ST with high CE. In the low PA group, isotemporal substitution models showed that replacing ST with low CE by ST with high CE was significantly associated with increased brain volume in some areas, including the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate (β = 0.486–0.618, all P < 0.05, adjusted R2 = 0.344–0.663).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that replacing ST with low CE by ST with high CE is positively associated with brain volume in vulnerable older adults with low PA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 82–89.
GHANAIAN FOLK THOUGHT, AKAN RELIGION AND AN ETHIC OF CARE IN SHARON DODUA OTOO'S ADAS RAUM*
Authors: Cha Kyung‐Ho 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIn this article I will analyse how cosmological myths, proverbs and pictorial symbols from Ghanaian folk thought and religion are adapted in Sharon Dodua Otoo's novel Adas Raum. I will focus primarily on the idea of the transmigration of the soul, which comes from the religion of the Akan people, and on the Sankofa symbol, which stands for a certain attitude towards history. In the novel, Ghanaian wisdom poetry, which traditionally deals with the boundary between life and death and the development of the self within the community, is translated into German prose. I aim to explore the significance of Ghanaian religion and philosophy in shaping the overarching ethical idea underlying Adas Raum. At the heart of this ethical idea is learning from history, which is presented not only as a history of catastrophe but also as a history of mutual care between human beings who support each other in times of inhumanity.
Exploring the effects of packaging on consumer experience and purchase behaviour: insights from eye tracking and facial expressions on orange juice
Authors: Mehta Annu , Serventi Luca , Kumar Lokesh , Torrico Damir D. 
Published: December 2023

SummaryPackaging is crucial in attracting consumer attention, conveying product identity, influencing product perception and affecting approach‐based consumer behaviours. The present exploratory study aimed to gain insights into the effects of packaging on consumer experiences and the factors driving willingness to buy different orange juice products based on packaging. Eye tracking and facial expressions were used to capture the consumer perception journey, from the initial interaction to the final product evaluation. The study also examined hedonic liking, explicit emotions and different label attributes in the evaluation stage, and the importance of texture, price and the New Zealand (NZ)‐made logo in the validation stage. Results showed that the packaging's physical features significantly affected consumer's attention during the initial interaction stage. Implicit emotions provided deeper insights into consumers' preferences in the orientation stage. Nutritional information gained maximum visual attention (fixation counts = 0.40) in the evaluation stage, while the NZ‐made logo (odds ratio = 15.62) drove purchase intention. The study revealed that the packaging that attracted the maximum attention was not necessarily the one with the highest liking score. Moreover, consumers may not pay much visual attention to attributes (price, r = −0.22) that they reported to be important. By advancing our knowledge in this field, marketers and product designers can refine their strategies and create packaging that captures visual attention and evokes positive emotional responses, ultimately influencing consumer behaviours.
Mechanical properties of Al2O3–LaPO4 composites with eutectic microstructure produced by flash sintering
Authors: Yang Yingjie , Motley Nadjia B. , Mecartney Martha L. , Mumm Daniel R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of Al2O3–LaPO4 composites with varying microstructures produced by flash sintering and conventional sintering are evaluated. Specifically, Vickers and Knoop hardness values were measured and calculated for different resultant microstructures, including eutectic microstructures with varying layer thickness, polycrystalline (noneutectic) microstructures, and single‐phase samples of Al2O3, LaPO4, and 8YSZ. The findings indicate that eutectic microstructures exhibited higher hardness values than polycrystalline counterparts on the flash‐sintered sample. However, the hardness values of eutectic microstructures with varying layer thicknesses show no significant or systematic variation. The grain size, indentation size, eutectic colony size, indentation shape (elastic recovery in Knoop indentations), and crack propagation pathways in the indented samples are also discussed. Overall, the results suggest that Al2O3–LaPO4 eutectic composites have higher hardness than their polycrystalline counterparts and have great potential as abradable coatings with high machinability and durability.
MASSIVE PREHISTORIC PIT SITES IN SOUTHERN IBERIA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND LESSONS LEARNED
Authors: Armenteros‐Lojo María José , Jiménez‐Jáimez Víctor 
Published: December 2023

SummaryArchaeological sites characterized by significant concentrations of pits (‘pit sites’) were widespread in prehistoric Europe. In southern Iberia, many pit sites date back to the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods (fourth‐third millennia BCE), and often display massive numbers of pits. Deciphering the social, economic, and symbolic significance of such sites, composed of hundreds or even thousands of pits, holds deep historical implications. What do these pits mean, and how were they used? If they functioned as grain storage pits, as many believe, did they represent a substantial economic surplus? Unfortunately, many of these sites have been inadequately published and remain poorly known north of the Pyrenees. This paper aims to contribute to the broader understanding of prehistoric pit sites in Europe by providing an overview of southern Iberian pit sites, and of the debates that have developed around their interpretation.
Understanding progression from pre‐school wheezing to school‐age asthma: Can modern data approaches help?
Authors: Custovic Darije , Fontanella Sara , Custovic Adnan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreschool wheezing and childhood asthma create a heavy disease burden which is only exacerbated by the complexity of the conditions. Preschool wheezing exhibits both “curricular” and “aetiological” heterogeneity: that is, heterogeneity across patients both in the time‐course of its development and in its underpinning pathological mechanisms. Since these are not fully understood, but clinical presentations across patients may nonetheless be similar, current diagnostic labels are imprecise—not mapping cleanly onto underlying disease mechanisms—and prognoses uncertain. These uncertainties also make a identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention difficult. In the past few decades, carefully designed birth cohort studies have collected “big data” on a large scale, incorporating not only a wealth of longitudinal clinical data, but also detailed information from modalities as varied as imaging, multiomics, and blood biomarkers. The profusion of big data has seen the proliferation of what we term “modern data approaches” (MDAs)—grouping together machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data science—to make sense and make use of this data. In this review, we survey applications of MDAs (with an emphasis on machine learning) in childhood wheeze and asthma, highlighting the extent of their successes in providing tools for prognosis, unpicking the curricular heterogeneity of these conditions, clarifying the limitations of current diagnostic criteria, and indicating directions of research for uncovering the etiology of the diseases underlying these conditions. Specifically, we focus on the trajectories of childhood wheeze phenotypes. Further, we provide an explainer of the nature and potential use of MDAs and emphasize the scope of what we can hope to achieve with them.
Natural history of cow's milk allergy in children aged 6–12 years
Authors: Kubota Kei , Nagakura Ken‐ichi , Ejiri Yuki , Sato Sakura , Ebisawa Motohiro , Yanagida Noriyuki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 50%–90% of children with immediate‐type cow's milk allergy (CMA) acquire tolerance by pre‐school age. We aimed to investigate the acquisition rate of CMA tolerance in children aged 6–12 years.MethodsWe included children with CMA who persisted until the age of 6. Tolerance was defined as passing an oral food challenge with 200 mL of unheated cow's milk (CM) or consuming 200 mL of CM without symptoms, whereas persistent CMA was defined as fulfilling neither of these criteria by 12 years old. Children receiving oral immunotherapy (OIT) were excluded from the primary analysis. Risk factors associated with persistent CMA were assessed using Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf 80 included children, 30 (38%) had previous CM anaphylaxis, and 40 (50%) had eliminated CM completely from their diet. The median CM‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level at 6 years old was 12.0 kUA/L. Tolerance was acquired by 25 (31%) and 46 (58%) children by the age of 9 and 12 years, respectively. At baseline, persistent CMA was associated with higher CM‐sIgE levels (hazard ratio 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.41–3.73, optimal cutoff level 12.7 kUA/L), previous CM anaphylaxis (2.07, 1.06–4.02), and complete CM elimination (3.12, 1.46–6.67). No children with CMA who had all three risk factors (n = 14) acquired tolerance.ConclusionExcept for OIT patients, more than half of children with CMA at 6 years old acquired tolerance by 12 years old. Children with CMA who have the risk factors are less likely to acquire tolerance.
Meritocracy in the Political and Economic Spheres
Authors: Sachs‐Cobbe Benjamin , Douglas Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe idea that our economic institutions should be designed meritocratically is back as a hot topic in western academic circles. At the same time political meritocracy is once again a subject of philosophical discussion, with some Western philosophers embracing epistocracy and Confucianism being revived among Eastern philosophers. This survey has the ambition, first, of putting differing strands of this literature into dialogue with each other: the economic with the political, and the Western with the Eastern. Second, we seek here to impose order on the debates over meritocracy by carefully separating out the four steps that must be traversed on the journey to a meritocratic conclusion. Third we want to promote a more productive debate moving forward by cleanly pulling apart three kinds of purported merit base.
Noise annoys—But personal choice can attenuate noise effects on cardiac response reflecting effort
Authors: Falk Johanna R. , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele , Gendolla Guido H. E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince personal choice fosters commitment and shields action execution against potentially conflicting influences, two laboratory experiments with university students (N = 228) tested whether engaging in action by personal choice versus external assignment of task characteristics moderates the effect of irrelevant acoustic noise on cardiovascular responses reflecting effort. Participants who could personally choose the stimulus color of moderately difficult cognitive tasks were expected to be shielded against the irrelevant noise. By contrast, when the stimulus color was externally assigned, we predicted receptivity for the irrelevant noise to be high. As expected, in both experiments, participants in the assigned color condition showed stronger cardiac pre‐ejection period reactivity during task performance when exposed to noise than when working in silence. On the contrary, participants who could choose the stimulus color were shielded against the noise effect on effort. These findings conceptually replicate and extend research on the action shielding effect by personal choice and hold practical implications for occupational health.
How tyrannical leadership relates to workplace bullying and turnover intention over time: The role of coworker support
Authors: Trépanier Sarah‐Geneviève , Peterson Clayton , Fernet Claude , Austin Stéphanie 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionIn light of the deleterious consequences associated with workplace bullying, it is important to identify the work‐related factors that can contribute to the presence of bullying behaviors over time. Up to now, most research on the topic has investigated job characteristics (presence of job demands, absence of job resources) as contributing factors of workplace bullying. Given the key role leadership plays in shaping employees' work environment, this study aims to better understand how harmful forms of leadership relate to bullying behaviors over time and, subsequently, to employee functioning.MethodsMore specifically, this longitudinal study (two data collections over a 3‐month period) conducted among a sample of Canadian employees (T1 n = 600, T2 n = 422) assesses the temporal relationship between tyrannical leadership, exposure to bullying behaviors, and turnover intention, as well as the moderating role of perceived coworker support in the relationship between tyrannical leadership and bullying behaviors.ResultsResults from cross‐lagged analyses show that, controlling for baseline effects, T1 tyrannical leadership positively predicts T2 exposure to bullying behaviors and that T1 bullying behaviors positively predict T2 turnover intention. T1 coworker support did not significantly buffer the relationship between T1 tyrannical leadership and T2 exposure to bullying behaviors, although it did significantly predict, negatively so, T2 turnover intention.ConclusionThe present study provides valuable insight into the social contextual determinants of bullying behaviors and highlights the destructive nature of tyrannical leadership. Furthermore, this study illustrates the importance of fostering supportive behaviors between colleagues, as this important social resource can play a key role in reducing turnover intention over time.
Ex‐vivo evaluation of a percutaneous looped thread desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses
Authors: Orozco Lopez David , Mochal‐King Cathleen , Fontenot Robin , O'Shea Caitlin M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability to completely transect the equine accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL‐DDFT) via an ultrasonographically‐guided, percutaneous looped thread desmotomy using FiberWire suture as a cutting device.Study designEx‐vivo study.Sample populationA total of 24 normal equine distal forelimb specimens.MethodsUnder ultrasonographic guidance, a Jamshidi needle was placed between the suspensory ligament and the AL‐DDFT, and between the AL‐DDFT and the deep digital flexor tendon, through two stab incisions. FiberWire suture was fed through the needle and looped around the AL‐DDFT. Using a sawing motion, the ligament was transected, and the suture exited through the lateral incision. Surgical sites were dissected and assessed for completeness of transection, iatrogenic injuries, and suture remnants. Descriptive statistics were reported.ResultsThe procedure met the successful criteria in 18/24 (75%) of the limbs. The median surgical time was 11 min (range 7–25). No suture failure or suture remnants were noted in any of the specimens. Complications included iatrogenic injury to the medial and lateral neurovascular bundles in 4/24 and 1/24 specimens, respectively.ConclusionComplete transection of the AL‐DDFT was achieved in 22/24 (92%) of the specimens; however, the neurovascular bundles were injured in 5/24 (21%) of the specimens.Clinical significanceA percutaneous looped thread desmotomy of the AL‐DDFT can be studied as an alternative technique for use in equine models prior to its clinical use in patients. Additional studies are required to evaluate efficacy and safety in anesthetized or standing horses.
On the existence of harmonic metrics on non‐Hermitian Yang–Mills bundles
Authors: Pan Changpeng , Shen Zhenghan , Zhang Xi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the non‐Hermitian Yang–Mills (NHYM) bundles over compact Kähler manifolds. We show that the existence of harmonic metrics is equivalent to the semisimplicity of NHYM bundles, which confirms the Conjecture 8.7 in Kaledin and Verbitsky (Selecta Math. (N.S.) 4 (1998) 279–320).
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ANTHRAX DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS ON THE TERRITORY OF EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
Authors: Nizkorodova A. , Maltseva E. , Berdygulova Zh. , Naizabayeva D. , Skiba Yu. 
Published: December 2023

This review examines anthrax diagnostic tools registered in the national Veterinary Drugs Registers and Medicines and Medical Devices Registers of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Actually, throughout the entire territory of the EAEU, there are natural soil foci of anthrax, which causes annual cases of infection of animals and people. Continuous monitoring of the epidemiological situation in the EAEU countries should be ensured by modern diagnostic tools. All diagnostic tools used for epidemiological surveillance must be registered in the national registers of the EAEU countries. For all test systems and diagnostic kits included in the registers of the EAEU countries, the authors provide comparative characteristics that reflect the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools. An analysis of various methods for identifying the anthrax pathogen, focused on modern molecular diagnostic technologies, is presented. The authors discuss the most important problems associated with improving the efficiency of modern methods for detecting the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Some considerations about the shortcomings in certain areas of early diagnosis of the anthrax microbe are also provided. The authors present a number of proposals that should improve the efficiency of the currently available anthrax monitoring system.
Spectroscopic and Lasing Properties of Highly Concentrated Glasses
Authors: Ekimov A. I. , Lunter S. G. , Mironov A. N. , Fedorov Yu. K. , Shapovalov V. N. , Shumilov S. K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A method has been advanced for the quantitative separation of the degradation channels of the electron-excitation energy of rare-earth activators, which is based on measurements of the duration of activator luminescence and of the absorption coefficient of OH-groups in concentration series of glasses. The optimal neodymium concentration has been established for obtaining the maximum gain in phosphate glasses. Preliminary lasing tests of the concentration series of phosphate and also silicate glass with a neodymium concentration of approximately 2.3 × 1020 ions cm–3 have been performed.
Backbone search for object detection for applications in intrusion warning systems
Authors: Thuan Nguyen Duc , Huong Nguyen Thi Lan , Hong Hoang Si 
Published: December 2023

<span>In this work, we propose a novel backbone search method for object detection for applications in intrusion warning systems. The goal is to find a compact model for use in embedded thermal imaging cameras widely used in intrusion warning systems. The proposed method is based on faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) because it can detect small objects. Inspired by EfficientNet, the sought-after backbone architecture is obtained by finding the most suitable width scale for the base backbone (ResNet50). The evaluation metrics are mean average precision (mAP), number of parameters, and number of multiply–accumulate operations (MACs). The experimental results showed that the proposed method is effective in building a lightweight neural network for the task of object detection. The obtained model can keep the predefined mAP while minimizing the number of parameters and computational resources. All experiments are executed elaborately on the person detection in intrusion warning systems (PDIWS) dataset. </span>