bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ties that Bind: Race and Sex in Pudd’nhead Wilson
Authors: Jehlen Myra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literary fictions can no more transcend history than real persons. Though certainly not universally acknowledged, in the current criticism this truth has replaced the former truth that literature was a thing apart. Once banned from the interpretation of books for violating the integrity of the imagination, considerations of race and sex (and of class) have entered into even the most formalist readings. 1 Race and sex are now found organic to problems of organic form. As a result, those problems have become vastly more complicated than when a literary work was thought to invent its own sufficient language. For then the task of the critic, though complex, was also simple; it was to show how all parts worked together, in the conviction that coherence would be revealed. A poem or story was a puzzle for which critics could be sure they had all the pieces and that these dovetailed. Now neither assurance is available; one cannot be certain a work seen as engaged in history is internally coherent, or that the issues it treats finally hang together. This development is not altogether congenial to literary critics who mean to analyze works, not to dismantle them. But if we take literature’s link to history seriously, we will have to admit that it renders literature contingent, like history itself.
Good-bye, Columbus? Notes on the Culture of Criticism
Authors: Gates Henry Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I recently asked the dean of a prestigious liberal arts college if he thought that his school would ever have, as Berkeley has, a majority nonwhite enrollment. “Never,” he replied candidly. “That would completely alter our identity as a center of the liberal arts.” The assumption that there is a deep connection between the shape of a college curriculum and the ethnic composition of its students reflects a disquieting trend in American education. Political representation has been confused with the “representation” of various ethnic identities in the curriculum, while debates about the nature of the humanities and core curricula have become marionette theaters for larger political concerns. The cultural right, threatened both by these demographic shifts and by the demand for curricular change, has retreated to a stance of intellectual protectionism, arguing for a great and inviolable “Western tradition” which contains the seeds, fruit, and flowers of the very best that has been thought or uttered in human history. The cultural left demands changes to accord with population shifts in gender and ethnicity (along the way often providing searching indictments of the sexism and racism that have plagued Western culture and to which the cultural right sometimes turns a blind eye). Both, it seems to me, are wrongheaded.
Modern Doubt to Antimodern Commitment: Paule Marshall and William Demby
Authors: Hall James C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is typical to invoke in accounts of sixties American cultural history the moral devastation of the Vietnam War. This is appropriate given the great ‘ rift in American life it created, the range of imaginative responses it elicited, and the significant investment of intellectual energy it demanded. But the Vietnam War does not represent the whole of the imaginative encounter with wars of decolonization in the sixties. Not surprisingly, wars of liberation fought on the African continent were of great concern to AfricanAmerican artists and intellectuals. While W.E.B. Du Bois’s dreams for a grand Pan-African coalition were never realized, the process by which African nations organized and fought for their independence from the imperial powers inspired a wide range of black creative intellectuals in the United States to rethink accepted strategies of gradual acceptance into the Enlightenment inspired American polity.
Hate Radio
Authors: Williams Patricia J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three years ago I stood at my sink, washing the dishes and listening to the radio. I was tuned to rock and roll so I could avoid thinking about the big news from the day before—George Bush had just nominated Clarence Thomas to replace Thurgood Marshall on the Supreme Court. I was squeezing a dot of lemon Joy into each of the wineglasses when I realized that two smoothly radio-cultured voices, a man’s and a woman’s, had replaced the music.
Rape on Soaps
Authors: Brooks Dianne L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why does a person watch Dallas and in my case, why does a serious intelligent feminist like watching Dallas? It releases primitive feelings in me, I go dizzy, hate, love, loathe, feel disgusted, condemn and often dash away a tear. … My leisure reading consists 90 percent of feminist books, but when I’m watching Dallas with my girl friend and Pamela comes down the stairs wearing a low-necked dress, then we shout wildly: just look at that slut, the way she prances around, she ought to be called Prancela. Bobby is a decent chap, like my eldest brother, and Jock is like my father, so I can hate them intensely too … I like to let it all hang out, a sort of group therapy, mostly together with friends.
Pop Justice
Authors: Karpin Isabel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anyone who was a regular TV viewer in the United States from April to August 1993 would have to conclude that the American mass media was obsessed with circulating stories of familial breakdown.1 If it wasn’t reporting the story of the adopted child2 returned to her biological parents after two years, it was telling of a child switched at birth who was now struggling to find a familial ground on which to rest her daughterhood.3 Or the story of a woman locked in a battle over custody of a child conceived through sexual intercourse with a man who contracted her services under a surrogacy agreement.4 Those five months were a turbulent time for the nuclear family, where new kinds of parents were floated and endlessly negotiated:
Introduction
Authors: Chancer Lynn S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“One of the areas where the media are most likely to be successful in mobilising public opinion within the dominant framework of ideas is on issues about crime and its threat to society,” wrote Stuart Hall and several colleagues from the Birmingham Centre for Cultural Studies in 1978. “What debate there is tends to take place almost exclusively within the terms of reference of the controllers,” they continued, “and this tends to repress any play between dominant and alternative definitions.” Those viewpoints which challenge dominant perspectives, Hall and his colleagues argued, seldom shine in the spotlight of contemporary mass culture (Hall et al. 1978).
Crime News Crime Fear and Women’s Everyday Lives
Authors: Daly Kathleen , Chasteen Amy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On any given day when we pick up a newspaper, listen to the radio, or watch television, the crime and justice stories we read and hear about bear little relationship to the “reality” of crime. While the content of crime stories can vary by medium and market, crime news focuses disproportionately on violent offenses and atypical cases. The most serious types of crimes—whether forms of street crime, intimate violence, or elite crimer—eceive the greatest media coverage. The crimes considered “newsworthy” are “ingenious, vicious, audacious” acts (Katz 1987, p. 50); they feature unusual, dramatic, or whimsical circumstances and famous or high-status people (Roshier 1973). The most sensational crimes—what we term celebrated cases—combine several newsworthy elements. For several decades, scholars have noted a disjuncture between what crimes “make the news” and the wider world of crime from studies and statistics (Barak 1994a; Ericson, Baranek, and Chan 1989; Fishman 1978; Surette 1992; Warr 1991). Scholars are less sure, however, about how crime in the news (or in television drama) affects people’s attitudes and beliefs about crime or the formation of public policy toward crime.
The Blackening of America: Popular Culture and National Cultures
Authors: Lott Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jim Crow and Zip Coon seemed unlikely candidates for a national cultural form. and yet, as the Democratic Review admitted in 1845, the idea had a certain plausibility. “The lowest description of American farce,” to be sure, “still in its elements, not without originality, considerable invention, and a rich vein of burlesque humor, is the !Ethiopian drama” (“American” 219). (Perhaps an orthographical adjustment would take care of everything.) In what possible way could a host of white men in blackface and motley rags, given to unvarnished obscenity and anticipating the phallic hucksters of Huckleberry Finn’s Royal Nonesuch, be considered representative of a national art form? This question was bound to be debated in the 1840s, the years of blackface minstrelsy’s greatest popularity as well as of an intense investment on the part of many Americans in the idea of cultural and political nationalism.
“The Seeming Counterfeit’’: Ear Blackface Acts, the Body, and Social Contradiction
Authors: Lott Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In January 1831 William Lloyd Garrison founded the Liberator in Boston, setting in motion one of the great radical movements in American history. A little more than a year later, twenty-four-year-old T. D. Rice toured the northeastern sea-board with his celebrated “Jim Crow” act, landing in New York in November 1832. These twin instances of white racial discourse, one middle class and one working class, were dialectical partners not only in their literal coincidence but also in their shared ambivalences. For just as Garrison’s abolitionism was marred by a good deal of paternalist condescension toward the people he wished to liberate, so Rice’s blackface acts mixed equal parts of ridicule and wonder in regard to blacks and black culture. Both ambivalences, moreover, arose from class as much as racial feeling, and it was indeed the way these social categories merged with and repelled each other that defined the political moment in which abolitionism and blackface minstrelsy appeared.
Fantasizing Plenitude Re-Reading Desire in Megda, by Emma Dunham Kelley
Authors: Tate Claudia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Now, I had no idea of writing a love-story when I began, nor have I any idea of making it into one now; I am giving the facts of the case, and no more. If I put more sentiment than wisdom in it, pardon me; it is the fault of the age we live in. Yet a little sentiment now and then, has never been known to hurt anybody; it is only when it is carried to extreme that it is objectionable, and then-it but verifies the old adage-”Extremes are dangerous:’ In the girl’s oedipal fantasy, the mother is split into two figures: the pre-oedipal wonderful good mother and the oedipal evil stepmother. The good mother, so the fantasy goes, would never have been jealous of her daughter or have prevented the prince (father) and the girl from living happily together. So for the oedipal girl, belief and trust in the goodness of the pre-oedipal mother, and deep loyalty to her, tend to reduce the guilt about what the girl wishes would happen to the (step)mother who stands in her way.
“All goals become graves”: The Rainbow and Wartime Censorship
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Following a hearing at London’s Bow Street Magistrates Court on 13 November 1915, D. H. Lawrence’s novel The Rainbow,published on 30 September, was suppressed under the 1857 Obscene Publications Act. This hearing gave the first official sanction to the view that Lawrence’s writings allowed unchecked expression of unhealthy sexual themes, which posed a threat to public morals and public decency. In the language of the Hicklin rule, The Rainbowtended to “deprave and corrupt.” Declaring it “advisable in the public interest that a statement be made,” Herbert Musket, speaking for the prosecution, pronounced the following: To him personally it was a matter for the most profound regret that it should have been necessary for the protection of public morals and public decency in literary productions to bring this disgusting, detestable and pernicious work under the notice of the Court. Although there might not be an obscene word to be found in the book, it was in fact a mass of obscenity of thought, idea, and action, wrapped up in language which in some quarters might be considered artistic and intellectual. It was difficult to understand how Messrs Methuen could have lent their great name to the publication of this bawdy volume.
Postwar Hysteria: The Case of Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lawrence pointed to a continuity between Ulyssesand Lady Chatterley’s Loverwhen stating his intention to do the same thing as Joyce but in a different way. Having read Joyce’s novel, he told Compton Mackenzie: “This Ulyssesmuck is more disgusting than Casanova. I mustshow that it can be done without muck.” Mackenzie was prompted to ask: “Were Lady Chatterley and her lover conceived at that moment?”1 Following Mackenzie, some critics have argued that in Lady Chatterley’s LoverLawrence tried to counteract Joycean obscenity with obscenity of his own making.Lawrence found evidence in Joyce’s work of “a would-be dirty mind” and “deliberate journalistic dirtymindedness,” which lacked “spontaneity or real life.”Joycean obscenity was sensationalistic; it pandered to what Lawrence, in “Pornography and Obscenity” (1929), called “mob-meaning.”Joyce, that is, located sexuality in the public domain; he falsified experience by turning it into a spectacle. “Real life,” according to Lawrence, was to be found in the private world of “individual meaning.” Joyce belonged in the theater of censorship; Lawrence himself did not.
A Visual Liturgy
Authors: Holt John Clifford 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many of the traditional public rites and festivals, monastic and lay, that are still performed in the villages, towns, and temples of the contemporary Sinhala Buddhist religious culture within the Kandyan region of up country Sri Lanka may be regarded, in part, as a legacy of what must have been kīrti Śr ī’s unwearied efforts to articulate not only the royal discourses I discussed in chapter 2, but also a classical Sinhalese Therav āda Buddhist religious perspective.
Royalty Reborn
Authors: Holt John Clifford 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Karmic retribution, the force of human action that fuels the stream of continuous personal rebirths in the various realms of existence throughout the multitiered, conditioned cosmos of samsāra, is a bedrock principle of the classical Buddhist world view. Karma is a notion that is not just an archaic and quaint belief of past Buddhist times; it is also a continuing concept of pivotal contemporary importance for almost all Buddhists (and Hindus) in the modernizing cultural contexts of both South and Southeast Asian societies.
Implications for Theory and Method
Authors: Holt John Clifford 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why kīrti Śr īsought legitimacy, and how, by his various appeals to symbolic discourse of Buddhist kingship, and by his articulation of a classical Buddhist world view expressed through painting, he ultimately succeeded, are subjects for a separate historical analysis of social and religious dynamics. There are, however, other serious implications of this work that are more political, philosophical, or methodological in character, implications that transcend the historical context of the specific issues that have been scrutinized here. One of these is discussed as the focus of this chapter, and a second is considered in the postscript, chapter 6.
The Juvenile Court and the “Rehabilitative Ideal”
Authors: Feld Barry C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Changes in ideas about childhood and social control during the nineteenth century led Progressive reformers to create the juvenile court in 1899. The social construction of childhood and adolescence provided a conceptual rationale for a separate system of social control for young people. Social structural and cultural changes also encouraged reformers to reformulate their ideology of crime causation and penal strategies of social control. The classical criminal law attributed criminal behavior to actors’ “free will” and punished offenders for making blameworthy choices. During the nineteenth century, positivist criminology attributed criminality to antecedent forces that determined offenders’ behavior and penologists proposed to reform and treat them rather than to blame and punish them. At the dawn of the twentieth century, Progressive reformers combined these new positive theories about crime causation and social control with the new ideas about childhood and created a social welfare alternative to criminal courts to regulate criminal and noncriminal misconduct by youth.
Delinquent or Criminal?Juvenile Courts’ Shrinking Jurisdiction over Serious Young Offenders
Authors: Feld Barry C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public frustration with crime, fear of recent increases in youth violence, homicide and offenses involving guns, and the racial characteristics of many violent young offenders fuel a popular desire to “get tough.” Widespread misgivings about the ability of juvenile courts either to rehabilitate chronic and violent young offenders or simultaneously to protect public safety bolster policies to “crack down” on youth crime and provide the impetus to prosecute larger numbers of youths as adults. These initiatives either simplify the transfer of young offenders to criminal courts and expose waived youths to substantial sentences as adults or require juvenile court judges to impose determinate or mandatory minimum sentences on those youths who remain in the juvenile system. Both strategies de-emphasize rehabilitation and individualized consideration of the offender, stress personal and justice system accountability and punishment, and base transfer and sentencing decisions on the seriousness of the present offense and prior record. Sentencing young offenders as adults increases the number of chronological juveniles (i.e., below age 18) confined in prisons and poses substantial challenges for adult correctional officials. Juvenile institutional administrators confront similar difficulties as judges confine more-serious young delinquents for longer periods.
Introduction: “In the World, but Not of It”
Authors: Sanders Cheryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the earliest uses of the term “Sanctified church” occurs in the anthropological writings of Zora Neale Hurston. Her book The Sanctified Church is mainly an anthology of assorted primary source materials compiled and published posthumously in 1981 that features only one brief essay bearing the same title. In that essay, she defines the Sanctified church as a revitalizing phenomenon that had arisen among various groups of “saints” in America. It is not a new religion and “is in fact the older forms of Negro religious expression asserting themselves against the new.” Moreover, the Sanctified church is a “protest against the high-brow tendency in Negro Protestant congregations as the Negroes gain more education and wealth.” She identifies two branches of the Sanctified church: the Church of God in Christ and the Saints of God in Christ. The Sanctified church is closely related to three distinct Old and New World religious traditions: African religion, white “protest Protestantism,” and Haitian vaudou. In this regard, Hurston sees “shouting” as nothing more than a continuation of the African possession by the gods, acknowledges the existence of “strong sympathy” between the white and Negro “saints,” and notes the similarities between the dance of the saints and the steps seen in Haiti when a man or a woman is “mounted” by a loa, or spirit.
The Sanctified Churches and Christian Reform: Confronting the Barriers of Race, Sex, and Class
Authors: Sanders Cheryl J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the distinctive contributions the Sanctified church movement has made to the historical evolution of North American Protestantism is the involvement of blacks, women, and the poor at all levels of its ministry. Although some of the mainstream churches are beginning to ordain and appoint women pastors in significant numbers and are showing some interest in multiculturalism and outreach to the poor, as the twentieth century draws to a close, the Sanctified church begs for recognition as a place where poor black women and men have been empowered to do ministry since its inception during the late nineteenth century. The shifting patterns of inclusion and exclusion in these churches are governed by two primary factors, namely, the egalitarian doctrine of the Holy Spirit, on the one hand, and the impact of racist, sexist, and elitist societal norms on the other.
Considered as a matter of ethical concern, the dynamics of race in the Holiness, Pentecostal, and Apostolic churches may have more to do with the orientation toward interracial ministry than with the actual levels of white and black participation. The five “original” bodies that constitute the Sanctified church tradition-the United Holy Church of America, the Church of Christ Holiness, U.S.A., the Church of God in Christ, the Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God in the Americas, and the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World-share a similar history with regard to race.
Introduction
Authors: Farmer Craig S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For over thirty years, Wolfgang Musculus worked as a leader of the religious reformations in the cities of Augsburg and Bern. During that time, he authored a substantial corpus of writings that firmly established his reputation as a first-rate theologian and biblical scholar. One may gain some idea of his popularity as a theologian by examining the printing history of his theological magnum opus, the Loci communes sacrae theologiae. First published in 1560, this massive exercise in systematic theology was revised by Musculus for a new edition in 1561. Thereafter printings followed in 1563, 1564, 1567, 1573, and 1599. Furthermore, the work was published in English translation in 1563 and 1578 and in French in 1577, and portions were translated into German in 1618.
Musculus and the Medieval Commentators on the Feeding of the Five Thousand
Authors: Farmer Craig S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The general relation of the Protestant reformers to medieval theological and exegetical traditions is a question that modern scholarship has found difficult to answer. To a large extent, these difficulties arise from a basic impulse of the Reformation itself, an impulse to criticize and judge the past. Often when the Reformers discuss the past, they seem to reject their medieval ecclesiastical and theological heritage in toto. This rejection of the immediate past stems partly from the influence of the Renaissance ideal expressed by the slogan “ad fontes!” The true message of the gospel, they claim, can be uncovered only by jettisoning the accumulations of medieval theology and by returning to the pure biblical and patristic sources. Partly, however, these negative statements concerning the past result from the posturing that emerges in the context of heated debate. The Reformers deride medieval theology because they hold it responsible for producing the worst errors of Catholicism. Therefore, in order to evaluate the influence of medieval theology and exegesis on the Reformers, the historian must cut through the posturing of polemic; the purely negative statements, if read at face value, can blind the histo rian to the powerful and often positive influences of medieval thinking on the Reformers.