bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of HPV DNA detection by MY09/11 PCR methods
Authors: Castle Philip E. , Schiffman Mark , Gravitt Patti E. , Kendall Hortense , Fishman Stacy , Dong Huali , Hildesheim Allan , Herrero Rolando , Bratti M. Concepcion , Sherman Mark E. , Lorincz Attila , Schussler John E. , Burk Robert D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo modifications to the original L1 consensus primer human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR method, MY09–MY011, using AmpliTaq DNA polymerase (MY‐Taq), were evaluated for HPV DNA detection on clinical specimens from a cohort study of cervical cancer in Costa Rica. First, HPV DNA testing of 2978 clinical specimens by MY09–MY011 primer set, using AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase (MY‐Gold) were compared with MY‐Taq testing. There was 86.8% total agreement (κ = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.70–75) and 69.6% agreement among positives between MY‐Gold and MY‐Taq. MY‐Gold detected 38% more HPV infections (P < 0.0001) and 45% more cancer‐associated (high‐risk) HPV types (P < 0.0001) than MY‐Taq, including 12 of the 13 high‐risk HPV types. Analyses of discordant results using cytologic diagnoses and detection of HPV DNA by the Hybrid Capture 2 Test suggested that MY‐Gold preferentially detected DNA positive specimens with lower HPV viral loads compared with MY‐Taq. In a separate analysis, PGMY09–PGMY11 (PGMY‐Gold), a redesigned MY09/11 primer set, was compared with MY‐Gold for HPV DNA detection (n = 439). There was very good agreement between the two methods (κ = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.77–0.88) and surprisingly no significant differences in HPV detection (P = 0.41). In conclusion, we found MY‐Gold to be a more sensitive assay for the detection of HPV DNA than MY‐Taq. Our data also suggest that studies reporting HPV DNA detection by PCR need to report the type of polymerase used, as well as other assay specifics, and underscore the need for worldwide standards of testing. J. Med. Virol. 68:417–423, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical‐administrative task performance, leadership task performance, and contextual performance: considering the influence of team‐ and task‐related composition variables
Authors: Mohammed Susan , Mathieu John E. , ‘Bart’ Bartlett A. L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine how the mix of ability, experience, and personality impacts three types of team performance: technical‐administrative task performance, leadership task performance, and contextual performance. Relationships were tested using data collected from student management teams, who were required to plan and supervise the preparation and service of meals in a cafeteria‐style dining room patronized by university students, staff, and faculty. Results revealed that both team‐ and task‐related composition variables predicted leadership and contextual performance. Specifically, grade point average was significantly related to technical‐administrative task performance, and extraversion, neuroticism, and grade point average were related to leadership task performance. Agreeableness and restaurant experience predicted contextual performance. Surprisingly, conscientiousness did not account for significant variance in any of the three types of performance measured. The implications of these findings for the study of team performance in organizations are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitation of calcitonin gene‐related peptide mrna and neuronal cell death in facial motor nuclei following axotomy and 633 nm low power laser treatment
Authors: Snyder Sara K. , Byrnes Kimberly R. , Borke Rosemary C. , Sanchez Ana , Anders Juanita J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA persistent increase in calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in motoneurons may serve as an indicator for regeneration after peripheral nerve injury [Borke et al., J Neurocytol 1993;22:141–153].Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe examined the effects of low power laser treatment (633 nm) on axotomy‐induced changes in α‐CGRP mRNA and long‐term neuronal survival in facial motoneurons. A quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for α‐CGRP mRNA was used to detect changes in the response to axotomy and laser irradiation. Cell counts of neurons in injured and non‐injured facial motor nuclei of laser‐treated and non‐treated rats were done to estimate neuronal survival.ResultsA 10‐fold increase (P < 0.0001) in mRNA for α‐CGRP at 11 days post‐transection and an almost threefold increase (P < 0.0001) in neuronal survival at 6–9 months post‐transection were found in 633 nm light treated rats.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that 633 nm laser light upregulates CGRP mRNA and support the theory that laser irradiation increases the rate of regeneration, target reinnervation, and neuronal survival of the axotomized neuron. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:216–222, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basigin expression and hormonal regulation in mouse uterus during the peri‐implantation period
Authors: Xiao Li‐Juan , Chang Hong , Ding Nai‐Zheng , Ni Hua , Kadomatsu Kenji , Yang Zeng‐Ming 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBasigin, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been shown to be essential for fertilization and implantation. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and hormonal regulation of basigin gene in mouse uterus during the peri‐implantation period. Basigin immunostaining and mRNA were strongly localized in luminal and glandular epithelium on day 1 of pregnancy and gradually decreased to a basal level from day 2–4 of pregnancy. Basigin mRNA expression in the sub‐luminal stroma was first detected on day 3 of pregnancy and increased on day 4 of pregnancy. On day 5 of pregnancy, the expression of basigin protein and mRNA was only detected in the implanting embryos, and the luminal epithelium and sub‐luminal stroma surrounding the embryos. A similar expression pattern of basigin was also induced in the delayed‐implantation uterus which was activated by estrogen injection. On day 6–8 of pregnancy, although a basal level of basigin protein was detected in the secondary decidual zone, basigin mRNA expression was strongly seen in this location. Basigin mRNA was also highly expressed in the decidualized cells under artificial decidualization. Estrogen significantly stimulated basigin expression in the ovariectomized mouse uterus. A high level of basigin immunostaining and mRNA was also seen in proestrus and estrus uteri. These results suggest that basigin expression is closely related to mouse implantation and up‐regulated by estrogen. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 47–54, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructure of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development in vitro in the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
Authors: GjØrret J.O. , Crichton E.G. , Loskutoff N.M. , Armstrong D.L. , Hyttel P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe application of assisted reproduction techniques to wild cats has been stalled by a lack of basic knowledge of the reproductive biology in these species. In this study, the ultrastructure of Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes (COCs), as well as in vitro produced (IVP) zygotes and embryos were investigated, to estimate the normality of the manipulated reproduction processes. Adult female tigers were subjected to a purified porcine pFSH/pLH stimulation treatment followed by oocyte aspiration. According to morphological appearance at the stereomicroscopical level, COCs were classified as mature, immature, or degenerated, and then allocated into the following groups: presumptively immature COCs, which were in vitro matured (IVM‐group) before fixation; presumptively mature COCs, which were either fixed after retrieval (pre‐IVF‐group), following in vitro insemination (IVF‐group) or following in vitro insemination and subsequent in vitro culture (IVC‐group). All specimens were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the IVM‐ and pre‐IVF‐group included oocytes in meiotic stages ranging from prophase I to metaphase II, and some prophase I oocytes in the IVM‐group were apparently in their growth phase. The IVF‐group presented features of presumptive normal fertilization, but aberrations such as polynucleation were also noted. The IVC‐group included cleavage stage embryos of which, however, many were polynucleated. In conclusion, the procedures used for stimulation, aspiration, and classification of COCs resulted in retrieval of a heterogeneous population of oocytes which, following IVF and IVC, displayed a high rate of developmental deviations. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 79–88, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive variables of in vitro fertilization and pre‐implantation embryo development in the mouse
Authors: TarÍn Juan J. , Gómez‐Piquer Vanessa , PÉrez‐AlbalÁ Sonia , Hermenegildo Carlos , Cano Antonio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study aims to analyze the cause–effect relationships among several in‐vitro fertilization and pre‐implantation embryo development variables in the mouse. Superovulation of hybrid (C57Bl/6JIco female X CBA/JIco male) female mice of 4–6 weeks of age was induced by a priming injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin at the estrus stage of the estrous cycle followed after a 48‐hr interval by human chrorionic gonadotropin. Ovulated cumulus‐enclosed oocytes were inseminated with sperm from hybrid males of 12–16 weeks of age. The multiple linear regression analyses performed indicated that (a) total number of ovulated oocytes is a good predictor of both fertilization frequency and total number of cells in day‐5 blastocysts; (b) fertilization frequency predicts percentage of day‐5 blastocysts; (c) total number of cells in day‐5 blastocysts is predicted by percentage of day‐5 blastocysts; and (d) total number of cells in day‐5 blastocysts predicts percentage of apoptotic cells, number of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells, and ICM/TE ratio in day‐5 blastocysts. Mitotic index in day‐5 blastocysts was positively correlated with total number of ovulated oocytes, percentage of ovulated cumulus‐enclosed oocytes, fertilization frequency, percentage of day‐5 blastocysts and total number of cells in day‐5 blastocysts. On the contrary, it was negatively correlated with percentage of apoptotic cells in day‐5 blastocysts. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 38–46, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological evidence for progesterone and estradiol receptors in the freshwater crayfishAustropotamobius pallipes
Authors: Paolucci Marina , Cristo Carlo Di , Cosmo Anna Di 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article, we present evidence for progesterone and estradiol receptors (PR and ER, respectively) in the female of the crayfishAustropotamobius pallipes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sex steroid receptors in crustaceans. By using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting approaches and employing three different antibodies against PR (human PR, chicken PR‐hinge region, and chicken PR A/B domain) and antibodies against human ER, we showed the presence of PR in the ovary and hepatopancreas and ER in the hepatopancreas of the freshwater crayfishA. pallipes. The immunological characteristics and the tissue localization suggest a relatedness with both PR and ER in vertebrates along with their involvement in the modulation of reproductive functions in this crustaceans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 55–62, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The epidemiology of cerebral palsy in term infants
Authors: Nelson Karin B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHalf of cerebral palsy (CP) arises in infants of normal birthweight; yet, many fewer studies seek to identify risk factors for CP in term and near‐term infants than in those born very prematurely. There has been no net decrease in the prevalence of CP in term and near‐term infants over recent decades. Potentially asphyxiating birth complications account for a small minority of CP cases. Recent studies suggest that disorders of coagulation and intrauterine exposure to infection or inflammation are associated with risk of CP, and that both can be accompanied by signs of neonatal encephalopathy, the best available predictor of CP in term neonates. Therapeutic interventions directed at preventing interruption of oxygen supply have not been shown to reduce the occurrence of CP. There have not yet been studies examining whether medical interventions directed at infection or coagulation disorder can reduce the frequency of CP. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:146–150. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective block of urethral sphincter contraction using a modified brindley electrode in sacral anterior root stimulation of the dog
Authors: Seif Ch. , Braun P.‐M. , Bross S. , Scheepe J. , Weiß J. , Schumacher S. , Zendler S. , Alken P. , Jünemann K.‐P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAimsPatients with spinal cord injury often present with dysfunction of urinary bladder and urethral sphincter. One treatment option is sacral rhizotomy and sacral anterior root stimulation with the Finetech Brindley stimulator. However, a major disadvantage is the lack of selective stimulation, resulting in simultaneous contraction of sphincter and bladder followed by unphysiological micturition. This study investigated the possibility of selective bladder stimulation by using a Brindley electrode.MethodsIn 11 male anaesthetized foxhounds, a complete posterior rhizotomy was perormed. The anterior S2 roots were stimulated with different quasi‐trapezoidal (QT) pulses (pulse length range, 600–1,400 μsec; stimulation current, 0.1–2.0 mA; frequency, 20 Hz) by using a tripolar Brindley electrode. Sphincter and bladder pressures were measured urodynamically.ResultsAll 11 animals showed a maximal reduction of the highest sphincter pressure over 80%, and in 6 of 11 trials, the sphincter pressure was inhibited completely (100%). With stimulations at maximal sphincter blockade, the average achievable bladder pressure was 33.48 cm H2O higher than the average sphincter pressure, and in three cases, a strong micturition was observed. Selective blockade of the sphincter was possible by applying QT pulses. The bladders remained uninfluenced by this blockade and kept their excitability at any time.ConclusionsThis study shows that selective bladder stimulation with little or no coactivation of the sphincter is possible. A physiological micturition can be achieved by using a tripolar Brindley electrode. Introduction of this stimulation technique into clinical practice should not face major difficulties, considering that the device is an established electrode. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:502–510, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LC‐NMR applied to the characterisation of cardiac glycosides from three micropropagated Isoplexis species
Authors: Gavidia Isabel , Seitz H. Ulrich , Pérez‐Bermúdez Pedro , Vogler Bernhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSpecies of the genus Isoplexis are of particular interest with respect to the biochemical pathway leading to the cardenolides. It is important to determine whether or not 5β‐configured compounds, typically produced by Digitalis species and used in medicine, are present together with their respective α‐isomers in Isoplexis spp. Structure elucidation by LC‐NMR of the products isolated from in vitro regenerated Isoplexis canariensis, I. chalcantha and I. isabelliana was carried out, and similarities were observed among the products of the three species, including the presence of digitoxigenin‐type cardenolides in I. canariensis and xysmalogenin and canarigenin derivatives in I. chalcantha never previously reported in these species. Pregnane glycosides not found until now either in Isoplexis or Digitalis were also detected. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clostridium welchii infection following amniocentesis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hamoda H. , Chamberlain P. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of severe Clostridium welchii infection following amniocentesis with septicaemia, haemolysis, DIC, pulmonary oedema and renal failure. Full recovery occurred following aggressive conservative management using antibiotics, endometrial curettage and intensive monitoring. The patient retained her uterus and had a successful pregnancy two years later although caesarean section for uterine rupture was required. Conservative management with conservation of the uterus and ovaries may be a safe and effective option in the management of severe Clostridium infections, using antibiotics, endometrial curettage and multidisciplinary team input. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethical decision‐making in prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy: a qualitative survey among physicians and midwives
Authors: Garel M. , Gosme‐Seguret S. , Kaminski M. , Cuttini M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesThis study was aimed at exploring the conflicts and ethical problems experienced by professionals involved in prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy (TOP) in order to improve the understanding of decision‐making processes and medical practices in the field of prenatal diagnosis.MethodsQualitative study with in‐depth tape‐recorded interviews conducted in three tertiary care maternity units in France, between May 1999 and March 2000. All full‐time obstetricians and half of the full‐time midwives were contacted. Seventeen obstetricians and 30 midwives participated (three refusals, five missing). Interviews were transcribed and analysed successively by two different researchers.ResultsAll respondents stated that prenatal diagnosis and TOP raised important ethical dilemmas, the most frequent being request for abortion in case of minor anomalies. They pointed out the inability of our society to appropriately care for disabled children and the risk of eugenic pressures. The decisions and practices in prenatal diagnosis should be debated throughout society. All respondents reported that their unit did not have protocols for deciding when a TOP was justifiable. The transmission of information to the women appeared to be a problematic area. Moral conflicts and emotional distress were frequently expressed, especially by midwives who mentioned the need for more discussions and support groups in their department.ConclusionHealth professionals involved in prenatal diagnosis face complex ethical dilemmas which raise important personal conflicts. A need for more resources for counselling women and for open debate about the consequences of the current practices clearly emerged. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological behavior of model poly(ethylene‐alt‐propylene)‐b‐polylactide diblock copolymers
Authors: Schmidt Scott C. , Hillmyer Marc A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA set of well‐defined poly(ethylene‐alt‐propylene)‐b‐polylactide (PEP‐PLA) diblock copolymers containing volume fractions of PLA (fPLA) ranging between 0.08 and 0.91 were synthesized by a combination of living anionic polymerization, catalytic hydrogenation, and controlled coordination‐insertion ring‐opening polymerization. The morphological behavior of these relatively low‐molecular‐weight PEP‐PLA diblock copolymers was investigated with a combination of rheology, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry. The ordered microstructures observed were lamellae (L), hexagonally packed cylinders (C), spheres (S), and gyroid (G), a bicontinous cubic morphology having Ia3d space group symmetry. The G morphology existed in only a small region between the L‐C morphologies in close proximity to the order–disorder transition (ODT). Transformations from L to G were observed upon heating in several samples. The efficacy of the reverse G to L transition in one sample was cooling rate dependent. The PEP‐PLA Flory–Huggins interaction parameter as a function of temperature χPEP‐PLA(T) was estimated fromTODT's by mean‐field theory and subsequently used in the construction of the experimental PEP‐PLA morphology diagram (χNversusfPLA). The resultant morphology diagram was symmetric there were the well‐defined L‐C morphology boundaries. The low molecular weight of the materials imparted no significant deviation from previously documented diblock systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2364–2376, 2002
Cancer patients' sources of information: use and quality issues
Authors: Mills Moyra E. , Davidson Robin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAppropriate information, offered at the right time, has been recognised as a key factor in enabling patients to cope with a diagnosis of cancer. This paper describes the sources of information that are currently being utilised by patients and the perceived quality of these sources. A sample of 430 patients were asked to indicate on a series of Likert scales their views of 19 commonly available sources of information.The most frequently cited sources of information were the hospital consultant, General Practitioner, chemotherapy/radiotherapy staff, ward staff and family/friends. It is of interest that the internet was only used by under 10% of patients. The source that scored the highest in terms of quality of information was the specialist/Macmillan nurses. GPs and written material scored poorly in terms of quality of information. The relationship between information and sources, gender, age and diagnosis was also examined. Age was found to have the greatest influence on the perceived quality of information and the frequency of its use.The paper concludes that there is a need for improvement in the provision of information by the primary health care team. The issue of the quality of written information available for patients requires further investigation to identify the type of written material used. Furthermore, family/friends should be recognised as important sources of information to many patients. Finally, there is a need for more specialist nurses, as they are clearly the preferred source of information for the majority of cancer patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining quality of life with crisis theory
Authors: Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , Tempelaar Reike , van den Heuvel Wim J.A. , M de Haes Hanneke C.J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBased on the premises of crisis theory, we expected cancer patients in‐crisis to report a poorer quality of life (QL) and cancer patients post‐crisis to report a similar level of overall QL in comparison to healthy individuals. To explain these hypothesized findings, we expected the coping resources and strategies of patients in‐crisis to be equally effective and those of patients post‐crisis to be more effective as compared to those of healthy individuals.The sample consisted of: (a) 217 consecutive cancer patients in the acute phases of their illness (patients in‐crisis); (b) 192 disease‐free cancer patients (patients post‐crisis); and (c) 201 randomly selected healthy individuals. Established measures of QL, self‐esteem and neuroticism (coping resources) and coping behavior (coping strategies) were mailed. As expected, patients in‐crisis reported a poorer QL (p<0.001) and patients post‐crisis a similar overall QL as compared to healthy individuals. There were no significant or systematic differences between the mean levels of coping resources and strategies between the respective groups. Two‐way analysis of variance indicated a group X coping resource interaction effect on overall QL for self‐esteem (p<0.01). As expected, the amount of variance of overall QL explained by self‐esteem was largest for patients post‐crisis (27%) and comparable for patients in‐crisis and healthy individuals (10 and 11%). Patients in‐crisis were not able to make their coping resources and strategies more effective, whereas patients post‐crisis seemed to have enhanced the effectiveness of self‐esteem in restoring their QL as compared to healthy persons. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.