bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Tic‐Like Behaviors: A Common Comorbidity in Patients with Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Müller‐Vahl Kirsten R. , Pisarenko Anna , Fremer Carolin , Haas Martina , Jakubovski Ewgeni , Szejko Natalia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundComorbid functional tic‐like behaviors (FTB) have been described only rarely in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS).ObjectivesWe present the first large sample of patients suffering from TS and FTB to raise awareness of this clinical presentation and to guide how to differentiate one from the other.MethodsWe analyzed clinical data of 71 patients (n = 27 [38.0%] female, mean age: 21.5, range: 11–55) with TS + FTB.ResultsIn the majority of patients, FTB started abruptly on average 15 years after tic onset with “treatment‐resistant” complex movements and (“coprophenomena‐like”) vocalizations preceded by timely related psychological stressors. Psychological evaluation revealed evidence for internal conflicts (79%), emotional dysregulation (56%), and maintaining factors (70%). About one third of patients had a positive history for further medically unexplained symptoms. Compared to a large TS sample (n = 1032), patients with TS + FTB were more likely to be female, and presented significantly more common with “coprophenomena‐like” symptoms, atypical influential factors, atypical descriptions of premonitory sensations, and higher rates of comorbid obsessive‐compulsive disorder and “self‐injurious” behavior.ConclusionsBased on our data it can be assumed that FTB is a common comorbidity in TS, similar to functional overlay in other movement disorders and epilepsy. Before classifying a patient as suffering from treatment‐resistant TS, FTB should be ruled out.
Microwave meta‐absorber by using Smith Chart
Authors: Wu Song , Zhang Yihang , Zhang Jinye , Xu Peng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs a representative technique in electronics, the Smith Chart provides a fast, less‐computation, and graphical approach to solve the problems related to impedance matching. In this paper, we transplanted the Smith Chart into the design and analysis of a microwave metamaterial absorber (meta‐absorber) to develop an analytical and graphical approach for impedance matching of electromagnetic wave absorption. Before the structural design, four traces on the Smith Chart plane from the load to arrive at the impedance matching point (the center of the Smith Chart) can be graphically found to obtain perfect absorption. Then, we have designed four impedance matching circuit networks made of resistance, inductance, and capacitive elements and transmission lines to fit the four traces. Then, the matching circuits are mapped into the meta‐absorber structure by using three types of proposed layers. The full simulation method based on the finite element method is used to verify the proposed concept. Furthermore, an external dielectric loading strategy has been developed to achieve good angular stability up to 60° for the radar cross section reduction under transverse electric and transverse mangetic polarization incidence. The proposed method may provide a convenient way for various microwave devices, such as antennas.
A hybrid genetic algorithm for the Hamiltonian p‐median problem
Authors: He Pengfei , Hao Jin‐Kao , Wu Qinghua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Hamiltonian p‐median problem consists of finding p( is given) non‐intersecting Hamiltonian cycles in a complete edge‐weighted graph such that each cycle visits at least three vertices and each vertex belongs to exactly one cycle, while minimizing the total cost of pcycles. In this work, we present an effective and scalable hybrid genetic algorithm to solve this computationally challenging problem. The algorithm combines an edge‐assembly crossover to generate promising offspring solutions from high‐quality parents, and a multiple neighborhood local search to improve each offspring solution. To promote population diversity, the algorithm applies a mutation operator to the offspring solutions and a quality‐and‐distance update strategy to manage the population. We compare the method to the best reference algorithms in the literature based on three sets of 145 popular benchmark instances (with up to 318 vertices), and report improved best upper bounds for eight instances. To evaluate the scalability of the method, we perform experiments on a new set of 70 large instances (with up to 1060 vertices). We examine the contributions of key components of the algorithm.
Designing a 3D structure and a self‐healing technique for advanced polymer composites with outstanding mechanical properties and healing ability
Authors: Yuan Li , Pan Tian , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe designed three‐dimensional (3D) structures through a combination of glass fiber cloth and in situ formation of nano polyphenylene oxide (PPE) fibers during the fabrication process of thermosetting cyanate ester/bismaleimide composites and developed a self‐stitching technique based on PPE fiber and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) for aiding the crack self‐healing. The building of 3D structure effectively improves the interface interaction between fiber and matrix and suppresses the crack propagation process in composite, leading to significant enhancement in the mechanical properties. When PPE content is 20%, the interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and tensile strength of the resulting composite are 98%, 74%, 95%, and 101% higher than those of the composite without PPE. The resulting composites possess excellent thermomechanical and lower dielectric properties. Because IPNs within composites can create interspaces and easily deform above glass‐transition temperature, PPE components may penetrate through the interspaces under thermal expansion force, and the contraction stresses of polymers generate strong locking effects in composite after cooling to room temperature, then the crack surfaces of composites can be stitched by PPE fibers, significantly recovering the mechanical properties. The healing efficiency of the composite with 30% PPE after impact and then heating at approximately 280°C can reach 96%.Highlights
3D structures were constructed during the fabrication process of glass‐fiber‐reinforced thermosetting cyanate ester/bismaleimide composite.
A self‐stitching technique was developed for aiding the crack self‐healing of composite.
3D structures significantly improved the interface interaction between fiber and matrix in laminated composite.
The mechanical properties of the resulting composite could be significantly improved by 3D structures.
The healing efficiency of the healed composite could reach 96%.
Hydrogen‐rich solvent method in phytochemical extraction: Potential mechanisms and perspectives
Authors: Alwazeer Duried 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionPhytochemicals are used in many products, including foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The extraction of phytochemicals is considered one of the best solutions to valorize these underestimated materials. Many methods have been developed to efficiently extract phytochemicals at high quality, high purity, and low costs without harming the environment. Recently, molecular hydrogen (H2) has shown its ability to improve the extraction of phytochemicals from plant materials. Due to its unique physicochemical and biological properties, H2 showed an efficient ability to extract phenolics and antioxidants at high yields with cost‐effective potential. Without sophisticated equipment and high energy and solvent consumption, the hydrogen extraction method is a green and applicable alternative for the extraction of phytochemicals.ObjectivesThis review aims to provide the latest knowledge and results concerning the studies on using hydrogen‐rich solvents to extract phytochemicals from different agri‐food wastes, by‐products, and other plant materials.Materials and MethodsRecent literature relating to extracting phytochemicals by the hydrogen‐rich solvent method and its potential mechanisms is summarized to provide a basic understanding of how hydrogen can improve the extraction of phytochemicals.ResultsThis review describes, for the first time, the practical procedure of how researchers and laboratories can apply the hydrogen extraction method under safe conditions at a low‐budget scale. The review provides some examples of the hydrogen extraction method and the mechanisms and rationale behind its effectiveness.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the hydrogen‐rich solvent method is a green and cost‐effective method for extracting phytochemicals from different plant materials.
Poly(lactic acid) synthesized from non‐food biomass feedstocks with tin‐loaded ZA molecular sieve catalysts by direct melt polycondensation
Authors: Gao Chengtao , Wang Yanwen , Yang Yunlong , Qin Shuhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe design and synthesis of catalysts loaded with active components has attracted considerable attention in current research owing to their exceptional catalytic performance. In this study, the focus was on the utilization of tin‐loaded ZA molecular sieves, possessing remarkable adsorption properties, alongside the catalytic activity of tin. These catalysts were successfully prepared and employed for the synthesis of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) from lactic acid derived from non‐food biomass. By modifying the treatment of ZA molecular sieves, the properties of tin‐loaded ZA molecular sieves were adjusted. The resulting catalysts exhibited a high tin capacity ranging from 2.29% to 2.81% and featured abundant mesoporous structures, providing a surface area of up to 341.2 m2 g−1. Regarding the preparation of PLA, our findings demonstrated that ZA‐III‐Sn2+ as a catalyst yielded PLA with a higher weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) up to 2.57 × 104 g mol−1 and a higher yield of 65.3% compared to other catalysts. Moreover, the most optimal catalytic effect was achieved by adding the catalyst in three separate stages. Moreover, the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time were found to influence both the molecular weight and yield of PLA. This study not only provides a valuable strategy for the preparation of loaded catalysts for PLA production but also offers new insights into the overall preparation process of PLA. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Key and emerging themes in gene editing: A lexicometric analysis of publications in the biological sciences (1990–2022)
Authors: Meyer Morgan , Vergnaud Frédéric 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementVarious techniques to modify genomes have been developed over the past decades, from molecular cloning to gene editing techniques. What are their applications? What are the key themes discussed by scientists? To answer these questions, we provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 14,739 scientific articles published between 1990 to 2022 showing that some themes are constant over time, such as the molecular aspects of genetics and discussions about data and software, while other themes emerged more recently. For example, CRISPR/Cas9 became prominent from 2012 onwards, and applications in agriculture and policy/regulatory implications from 2015 onwards. This mixed method opens up new spaces for dialogue between the natural and social sciences and captures the shifting boundaries of science.Summary

The article analyzes publications in the biological sciences concerned with genetic engineering, in particular gene editing, between 1990 and 2022 to examine key and emerging themes.
It provides a lexicometric analysis of 14,739 articles, which were subdivided into four periods (1990–2011, 2012–2015, 2016–2018, and 2019–2022).
We show that certain themes are constant over time, such as the molecular aspects of genetic engineering techniques and discussions about data and software. Other themes, however, have emerged at specific moments in time: CRISPR/Cas9 became prominent from 2012 onwards and applications in agriculture and policy and regulatory implications from 2015 onwards. We observe, in particular, a semantic shift from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to crops.
The article contributes to debates about the boundaries of science by shedding light on the temporal dynamics of boundary‐work and by showing how the frames of scientific debates can shift to account for the political aspects of science. We conclude that the dialogue between the natural and social sciences can be strengthened by showing that apart from scientometric approaches, there are other methods to analyze “what counts” in science.
Exploring the molecular mechanism of cold‐adaption of an alkaline protease mutant by molecular dynamics simulations and residue interaction network
Authors: Huang Ailan , Lu Fuping , Liu Fufeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPsychrophilic proteases have attracted enormous attention in past decades, due to their high catalytic activity at low temperatures in a wide range of industrial processes, especially in the detergent and leather industries. Among them, H5 is an alkaline protease mutant, which featuring psychrophilic‐like behavior, but the reasons that H5 with higher activity at low temperatures are still poorly understood. Herein, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with residue interaction network (RIN) were utilized to investigate the mechanisms of the cold‐adaption of mutant H5. The results demonstrated that two loops involved in the substrate binding G100‐S104 and S125‐S129 in H5 had higher mobility, and the distance enlargement between the two loops modulated the substrate's accessibility compared with wild type counterpart. Besides, H5 enhanced conformational flexibility by weakening salt bridges and increasing interaction with the solvent. In particular, the absence of Lys251–Asp197–Arg247 salt bridge network may contribute to the structural mobility. Based on the free energy landscape and molecular mechanics Poisson−Boltzmann surface area of the wild type and H5, it was elucidated that H5 possessed a large population of interconvertible conformations, resulting in the weaker substrate binding free energy. The calculated RIN topology parameters such as the average degree, average cluster coefficient, and average path length further verified that the mutant H5 attenuated residue‐to‐residue interactions. The investigation of the mechanisms by which how the residue mutation affects the stability and activity of enzymes provides a theoretical basis for the development of cold‐adapted protease.
The impact of Indian radar and lightning data assimilation on the short‐range forecasts of heavy rainfall events
Authors: Hari Prasad K. B. R. R. , Prasad V. S. , Sateesh M. , Amar Jyothi K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe accurate prediction of high‐impact weather systems using cloud‐resolving models is still a challenge among researchers. This study evaluates the consistency of the combination of the three‐dimensional variational technique within the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation assimilation system (GSI‐3DVAR) and nudging in the same modelling system on short‐range forecasts of three heavy rainfall events from the southwest monsoon season of 2021 over the Indian subcontinent. Three experiments have been conducted (i) control (CNTL): assimilated conventional and satellite observations; (ii) radar and lightning data assimilation (RLDA): assimilated radar reflectivity and lightning proxy reflectivity data along with all observations used in CNTL; and (iii) lightning data assimilation (LDA): same as RLDA but without the assimilation of radar data; particularly done to test the impact of assimilation of only lightning data. The model‐simulated rainfall is evaluated by using the Integrated Multi‐Satellite Retrievals (IMERG) for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM IMERG) rainfall data. The intercomparison of LDA and RLDA for event 1 highlighted that both represent the convective regions reasonably better than CNTL, but RLDA outperforms LDA and thus further assimilation experiments are done with RLDA. RLDA provided reasonably accurate forecasts compared to CNTL, which is evident in the spatial distribution of rainfall and area‐averaged three‐hourly accumulated rainfall. Verification metrics for the three selected heavy rainfall events reveal that an optimal forecast performance (especially in the first six hours of free forecast) is obtained by the simulation with assimilation of radar and lightning data during the pre‐forecast period, through correcting the position and timing of convective centres. The probability of detection (POD) values are higher for light rainfall categories than for the heavy rain categories. POD values were higher in RLDA than CNTL throughout simulation for all three events. For all these three selected events, fractions skill scores (FSS) of RLDA are always better than CNTL with different neighbourhood sizes for different threshold values throughout the forecast period.
Dimensions of Reading Motivation and Their Relation to Reading Behavior and Competence
Authors: Schiefele Ulrich , Schaffner Ellen , Möller Jens , Wigfield Allan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis review of research examines the constructs of reading motivation and synthesizes research findings of the past 20 years on the relationship between reading motivation and reading behavior (amount, strategies, and preferences), and the relationship between reading motivation and reading competence (reading skills and comprehension). In addition, evidence relating to the causal role of motivational factors and to the role of reading behavior as a mediator of the effects of motivation on reading competence is examined. We identify seven genuine dimensions of reading motivation: curiosity, involvement, competition, recognition, grades, compliance, and work avoidance. Evidence for these dimensions comes from both quantitative and qualitative research. Moreover, evidence from previous studies confirms the positive contribution of intrinsic reading motivation, and the relatively small or negative contribution of extrinsic reading motivation, to reading behavior and reading competence. The positive contribution of intrinsic motivation is particularly evident in relation to amount of reading for enjoyment and reading competence and holds even when accounting for relevant control variables. However, the causal role of reading motivation and the mediating role of reading behavior remain largely unresolved issues.
A Novel Immunogenic Cell Death Inducer Based on Bimetallic Ferrocene Substituted Organotin Complexes
Authors: He Xiangdong , Xu Mengke , Liu Xicheng , Wang Yihong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTwo organo‐bimetallic complexes of ferrocene and organotin were synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer drugs. MTT results indicated that the two complexes showed excellent antitumor activity against a variety of cancer cell lines compared with cisplatin and ferrocene alone. Different from the previous similar metal drugs available, the complexes synthesized in this work have a concentration‐dependent effect on immunogenic cell death (ICD) related proteins and the level of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) intracellular. The up‐regulation of related proteins leads to the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, and the destruction of the electron transport chain which causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the mitochondria and induces cell death. In the wound healing assay, the complex can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of cells. The promising results displayed by the organo‐bimetallic complexes open avenues for new anticancer drugs.
Subclinical atherosclerosis in fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Gul Enes , Yildiz Bulent , Atik Irfan , Sahin Ozlem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionFibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disease of unknown pathophysiology in which inflammatory markers are not increased. The risk of cardiovascular disease is known to be raised in FMS. Determination of carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) is essential for the early detection of cardiovascular disease risk. In this study, we aimed to investigate how FMS affects CIMT and its relationship with disease duration.MethodsThis study was planned prospectively and included 20 female FMS patients and 20 healthy female controls. Detailed medical histories were obtained. Persons with a known chronic disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid function disorder, rheumatic disease, etc.), known atherosclerotic condition, body mass index >30 and smokers were excluded. Laboratory values of FMS patients and the control group in the last 3 months were recorded. The patients' and control groups' right and left common carotid arteries were imaged with ultrasonography.ResultsThere was no significant difference in laboratory values (although creatinine was different, it was within the normal range in both groups). The mean right common carotid artery intima‐media thickness was 0.5 (±0.07) mm in the patient group and 0.43 (±0.05) mm in the control group (p = .005). The mean left common carotid artery intima‐media thickness was 0.5 (±0.06) mm in the patient group and 0.43 (±0.05) mm in the control group (p = .001). Carotid intima‐media thickness values were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group.ConclusionsAlthough FMS is not an inflammatory disease, it causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion study of Neocryptotanshinone in rats using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Jia‐Ying , Wang Yong‐Ming , Cheng Xiao‐Ling , Qu Li‐Yuan , Wang Yan‐Li , Sun Yi‐Fan , Wang Yong , Du Zhi‐Min , Wang Wei , Wang Jin‐Hui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used for the treatment of diseases related to the heart and liver. Owing to the abundance of salvianolic acids and tanshinones, S. miltiorrhiza exhibits various pharmacological activities, such as stimulating blood circulation, eliminating blood stasis, relieving menorrhea and pain, and improving polydipsia. Neocryptotanshinone (NCTS) is one of the tanshinones isolated from S. miltiorrhiza and exhibits anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and preventive effects against cardiovascular diseases; however, its pharmacokinetic properties have not been reported to date. Therefore, a simple and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed to determine absorption, distribution, and excretion of NCTS in rat physiological samples. We demonstrated that NCTS had high oral absolute bioavailability of 85.96% ± 25.32%, and it was rapidly distributed in both the heart and brain, and the fecal excretion of NCTS was the highest. This study provides a theoretical basis for further development of NCTS as a potential clinical candidate.