bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clamps and saddles – Part 2: Remarks on detailing and testing
Authors: Eltvik Liv , Haspel Lorenz , Misiek Thomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe article presents the current status of the revision of EN 1993‐1‐11 with regard to the design of saddles and clamps for ropes or for parallel wire tension components for suspended structures. The focus here is on presenting a general approach for clamps. For saddles, emphasis is on types where the slip resistance is – in addition to the component from deviation forces – increased by clamping forces, although general aspects are also covered. This part 2 deals with the geometrical requirements for clamps and in particular saddles and with the associated verification of the transverse pressure. Finally, testing is briefly discussed, with the emphasis on linking the design and the confirmation of the assumptions made thereby with the tests.
A review of human dog‐bite injuries in Kitui South subcounty, Kenya (2017–2021)
Authors: Kung′u Peris , Brodbelt David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionDog bites continue to be a serious public health issue due to their association with the transmission of rabies virus. In Kenya, there are no studies estimating dog‐bite incidence. Annual mortalities resulting from dog‐mediated rabies are estimated at 523 (95% confidence interval 134–1100). The main objective of this study was to assess major risk factors associated with dog bites in Kitui South subcounty, Kenya, between 2017 and 2021.MethodsWe recruited 387 dog‐bite patients (cases) and 387 non‐bite patients (controls) for the case–control study from the Mutomo Mission Hospital and the Ikutha Level 4 Hospital records. Multivariable logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between risk factors and dog‐bite cases. In the final model, pairwise interactions among variables were evaluated. The model fit was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve.ResultsThe study found that the dog‐bite incidence was highest in Kanziko ward in Kitui South subcounty. Fifty‐one percent (108 bites) of dog‐bite victims were children under 15 years of age, with 53% (N = 68) being men and 36% (N = 77) being bitten on the limbs. Dog bites mostly (44%, N = 93) occurred between October and December (short rainy season). Age group and season were identified as the most significant variables for high dog‐bite incidence in Kitui South subcounty.ConclusionsPromotion of responsible dog ownership and reinforcement of dog control policies may prove more effective in reducing dog‐bite injuries in Kitui South subcounty.
A concise analytical model for the ideal reverse osmosis desalination processes
Authors: Song Lianfa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPermeate recovery is a key parameter that plays a central role in the performance assessment and optimization of reverse osmosis processes. It remains a great challenge for engineers in the field to determine the recovery conveniently and accurately from the basic parameters of a membrane system. A concise analytical model is presented here that, without the need for the empirical or fitting coefficients and tedious numerical calculation, links the recovery of a reverse osmosis process rigorously to three basic parameters: the feed water salt concentration, the characteristic of membrane process, and the driving pressure. A graphical solution method to the model is also introduced to find out the recovery effortlessly. The concise model and graphical method are demonstrated under various conditions as a powerful tool for the performance simulations and improvement of reverse osmosis processes.Practitioner Points
A concise model is presented for permeate recovery in an ideal RO desalination system.
The recovery of an RO system is analytically related to a few system parameters.
A graphical solution method is introduced to find out the explicit recovery.
The ideal RO model can be a powerful tool for simulation of RO processes.
Factors associated with early discontinuation of anamorelin in patients with cancer-associated cachexia
Authors: Tsukiyama Ikuto , Iwata Takashi , Takeuchi Tomoko , Kato Ryoko Inuzuka , Sakuma Masaki , Tsukiyama Sumiyo , Kato Mana , Ikeda Yoshiaki , Ohashi Wataru , Kubo Akihito , Mori Naoharu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-associated cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome involving loss of muscle mass and anorexia, is an unremitting problem for cancer patients. Anamorelin has become available for cancer-associated cachexia, but early discontinuation is common in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore factors related to the early discontinuation of anamorelin and its relationship to survival.

Patients and methods
This prospective, observational study of multimodal clinical practice involved patients who took anamorelin (100 mg) for cancer-associated cachexia at Aichi Medical University Hospital between 14 May 2021 and 31 March 2022. In July 2022, clinical data were extracted from electronic clinical records. Patients who discontinued anamorelin less than 4 weeks after initiation were defined as the early discontinuation group, and their clinical data and survival time were compared with those of the continuation group. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the university (approval no. 2021-124).

Results
Of the 42 patients treated with anamorelin, 40 (median age 72.5 years, median BMI 18.7 kg/m2) were analyzed, including 13 with non-small cell lung cancer, and 12 with pancreatic, 8 with colorectal, and 7 with gastric cancers. On univariate analysis, the early discontinuation group included more patients with worse performance status (PS) (p=0.028), low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (p=0.001), and no concomitant anticancer drugs (p=0.003). On multivariate analysis, PS and PNI were related to anamorelin continuation. Survival time was significantly shorter in the early discontinuation group (p=0.039).

Conclusion
Worse PS and low PNI were associated with early discontinuation of anamorelin. Longer survival time was observed in the continuation group.
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Women
Authors: Joodi Golsa , Palimar Sristi , Press Marcella Calfon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purposeof Review
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally. Numerous studies show ongoing disparities in diagnosis, management, and outcomes of ischemic heart disease in women compared to men. We aim to review the factors contributing to sex-based differential outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in women.

Recent Findings
Hormonal influence on coronary arteries and progression of atherosclerosis in women results in distinct coronary plaque characteristics and unique pathological process such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. During the presentation of acute coronary syndromes, women are older and have higher burden of comorbidities, with higher short- and long-term mortality.

Summary
Awareness of differences in vascular biology and unique risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women is essential for sustained improvement in cardiovascular mortality. Better representation of women in trials is crucial to address the gaps in knowledge and allow for individualized treatment approaches in women.
Application of an innovative pancreaticojejunostomy technique with a modified set of perioperative management in pancreatoduodenectomy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Shiyin , Zhang Cheng , Huang Haifeng , Xi Bin , Zhang Jian , Jin Yibing , Gao Shunliang , Zhang Yun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHow to reduce grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) incidence after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the pursuit of pancreatic surgeons. This study introduced an innovative pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) technique with a complete set of perioperative management. All 144 patients in this single-center retrospective cohort study underwent the same PJ technique and perioperative management. The primary endpoint was grade C POPF incidence. The secondary endpoints were grade B POPF rate, drain fluid amylase level, complications, hospital stay duration, and mortality. Risk factors for clinically-relevant POPF (CR-POPF) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. No patient (0.0%) experienced grade C POPF, while 44 (30.6%) developed grade B. No in-hospital death was recorded. Multivariate analysis found relatively high body mass index, laparoscopic surgery, and soft or moderate pancreatic texture independent risk factors for CR-POPF. Our novel PJ anastomosis with modified perioperative management helped avoid grade C POPF. However, grade B POPF incidence was relatively high to some extent because of the enhanced management itself.
Semipermeable Handschuhe in der Prävention berufsbedingter Hauterkrankungen:
Authors: Heichel T. , Sonsmann F. K. , John S. M. , Nienhaus A. , Nordheider K. , Wilke A. , Brans R. 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungBereits seit vielen Jahren werden textile Handschuhe als Komfort- oder Unterziehhandschuhe in der Prävention von Berufsdermatosen eingesetzt, z. B. zur Abmilderung von Okklusionseffekten beim Tragen flüssigkeitsdichter Schutzhandschuhe oder zur Unterstützung der Externatherapie. In den letzten Jahren wurden Handschuhe aus semipermeablen Membranen bzw. Laminaten entwickelt, die zukünftig einen weiteren Baustein in der Versorgung beruflich bedingter Hauterkrankungen darstellen können. Diese zeigen sowohl in experimentellen/hautphysiologischen Untersuchungen als auch in berufspraktischen/realitätsnahen Anwenderstudien eine gute Hautverträglichkeit, Wirksamkeit und berufsgruppenübergreifende Akzeptanz in der Anwendung als Komfort- oder Unterziehhandschuhe. Je nach berufsspezifischem Anforderungsprofil (z. B. Einsatzbereich, Tragedauer der Schutzhandschuhe, Anforderung an die Feinmotorik) sowie individuellen Präferenzen (z. B. Passform, Optik, Praktikabilität) könnten semipermeable Handschuhe zukünftig eine gute Alternative gegenüber den bisher eingesetzten textilen Handschuhen darstellen und dadurch zur Erweiterung und Optimierung aktuell bestehender Therapie- und Schutzmaßnahmen in der Prävention berufsbedingter Hauterkrankungen beitragen.
Why Do You Make Things So Complicated? Understanding the Texts of Regulations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Guarino Massimo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe last two years have been characterized by a considerable increase in the number of national and local regulations to contain and fight the spread of the COVID-19 contagion. The literature suggests that poor readability of regulations comes with a significant cost in terms of public compliance, in various contexts. Does the readability of COVID-19 regulations impact their effectiveness? We study the matter in Italy, a country severely affected by the first wave of COVID-19, and one that has seen many local regulations that have tried to halt the virus. Our empirical evidence, obtained from a corpus built on the basis of all 640 regional COVID-19 regulations that have been published, was collected from the Italian Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces between 21 February and 14 June 2020. Our results, obtained through F-GLS estimations with fixed, hybrid, and random effects, suggest that the readability of the regulations affected the spread of the pandemic, and that an improvement in readability would lead to more efficient outcomes.
Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide
Authors: Nigri Elbert M. , Sultana Ummul K. , Santos André L. A. , Vaughan James W. , Rocha Sônia D. F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production, which is required for electric vehicle batteries. Hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) was evaluated for removing fluoride from nickel sulfate solution. Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5, considering Zr solubility. Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species. Fluoride removal is initially rapid, with 50 wt.% removal in 7 min, followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.% after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics. Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution. HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.
Roundtable discussion: rethinking and exploring smart city development
Authors: Wu Siegfried Zhiqiang , Zhen Feng , Wu Xiaoli , Guo Leixian , Zhou Xingang , Zhao Ying , Mao Weiying , Hu Jingjing , Liu Zhaohui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince the concept of the "Smart City" was proposed in 2008, the construction of smart cities has developed rapidly. While embracing smart cities, we are also gradually realizing that creating good cities cannot rely solely on new technologies. The wisdom of cities is profound and should be noted that the essence of a smart city is the intelligentization of urban entities, including the government, enterprises, and citizens. The construction of a smart city must be combined with the needs of the government, enterprises, and citizens. Especially for the iteration of smart city construction, government guidance is the key to the development of smart city construction. Enterprises are active responders and promoters of smart city construction, and users are evaluators of the achievements of smart city construction. Against this backdrop, this salon, based on more than a decade of exploration, has launched discussions around "Smart City: Reflecting on the Gains and Losses of Exploration", inviting experts from different industries such as universities, research institutes, and enterprises to exchange and speculate, discussing the difficulties and challenges faced by smart cities, as well as the development trends of new smart cities in the future. The construction focus of smart cities and how to achieve the vision of "cities make life better" are also discussed, in order to provide ideas for the future development of smart cities.
Protection of LGBTQIA+ rights in armed conflict: How (and whether) to ‘queer’ the crime against humanity of persecution in international criminal law?
Authors: Peretko Aneta 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe discrimination faced every day by LGBTQIA+ individuals does not disappear during armed conflict. On the contrary, such persons have been, and continue to be, targeted for particularly heinous human rights violations due to their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. And while international human rights law has, in the last two decades, made significant leaps in prohibiting discrimination on these grounds, international criminal law lags behind. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court only criminalizes persecution, an extreme form of discrimination, on grounds of gender and other grounds universally recognized in international law rather than on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity. In the absence of clear textual criminalization of queer persecution, this article argues international law can be queerly reinterpreted to fit sexual orientation and gender identity into the confines of ‘gender’. However, while acknowledging the normative and expressive gains that could come from using international criminal law to pursue queer persecution, this article also notes the costs, including the flattening of queer discrimination into the narrow rubric of gender and suppressing its more radical principles. Therefore, while concluding international criminal law can be queerly reinterpreted, this article expresses doubts as to whether, in fact, it should.
The clinical significance of ischaemia-modified albumin in acute coronary syndrome and hypertension
Authors: Pan Guoyan , Chen Jinzao , Lv Congying , Lin Xueping , Huang Junwei , Lin Bin , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground:Early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome is more and more important because of its mortality and morbidity. Hypertension is one of the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome, which often leads to stenosis and ischaemia. Ischaemia-modified albumin is sensitive for the occurrence of ischaemia, which attracted us in the significance of ischaemia-modified albumin in patients with chest pain, especially patients complicated with hypertension.Methods:In total, 200 patients with acute chest pain were included in the study. According to the diagnostic criteria, patients were divided into acute coronary syndrome group and non-ischaemic chest pain group. Cardiac biomarkers were measured with 30 minutes in emergency department, including cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase MB, and ischaemia-modified albumin. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used for the sensitivity and specificity of ischaemia-modified albumin in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Comparisons between ischaemia-modified albumin and cardiac Troponin T were done between groups.Results:The demographics in two groups were not significantly different in most aspects. Compared with non-ischaemic chest pain group, serum levels of ischaemia-modified albumin and cardiac Troponin T were significantly higher in acute coronary syndrome group. ROC analysis showed that ischaemia-modified albumin had a good sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. The level of ischaemia-modified albumin in acute coronary syndrome patients with hypertension was higher than that in non-ischaemic chest pain patients.Conclusions:In patients complained with acute chest pain, the serum measurement of ischaemia-modified albumin is potential valuable for the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, especially combined with ECG. The serum level of ischaemia-modified albumin in acute coronary syndrome patients is significantly associated with hypertension.
Anatomic considerations in the management of complete atrioventricular canal
Authors: Wiggins Luke M. , Wang Shuo , Wells Winfield , Starnes Vaughn , Cleveland John D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:Patients with complete atrioventricular canal have a variable clinical course prior to repair. Many patients balance their circulations well prior to elective repair. Others manifest clinically significant pulmonary over circulation early in life and require either palliative pulmonary artery banding or complete repair. The objective of this study was to assess anatomic features that impact the clinical course of patients.Methods:In total, 222 patients underwent complete atrioventricular canal repair between 2012 and 2022 at a single institution. Twenty-seven (12%) patients underwent either pulmonary artery banding (n = 15) or complete repair (n = 12) at less than 3 months of age (Group 1). The remaining 195 (88%) underwent repair after 3 months of age (Group 2). Patient records and imaging were reviewed.Results:The median post-operative length of stay following complete repair was 25 [7,46] days for those patients in Group 1 and 7 [5,12] days for those in Group 2 (p < 0.0001). There was relative hypoplasia of left-sided structures in Group 1 versus Group 2. Mean z-score for the ascending aorta was −1.2 (±0.8) versus −0.3 (±0.9) (p < 0.0001), the aortic isthmus was −2.1 (±0.8) versus −1.4 (±0.8) (p = 0.005). The pulmonary valve to aortic valve diameter ratio was median 1.47 [1.38,1.71] versus 1.38 [1.17,1.53] (p 0.008).Conclusions:Echocardiographic evaluation of the systemic and pulmonary outflow of patients with complete atrioventricular canal may assist in predicting the clinical course and need for early repair vs pulmonary artery banding.
Identification of the mitochondrial protein POLRMT as a potential therapeutic target of prostate cancer
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Yao Linya , Wang Tao , Gu Xiaolei , Wu Yufan , Jiang Ting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRNA polymerase mitochondria (POLRMT) is essential for mitochondrial transcription machinery and other mitochondrial functions. Its expression and potential functions in prostate cancer were explored here. The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancer cohort (TCGA PRAD) shows that POLRMT mRNA expression is upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and POLRMT upregulation is correlated with poor patients’ survival. POLRMT mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in local prostate cancer tissues and different primary/immortalized prostate cancer cells. Genetic depletion of POLRMT, using viral shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods, impaired mitochondrial functions in prostate cancer cells, leading to mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, mitochondria complex I inhibition, and ATP depletion. Moreover, POLRMT depletion resulted in robust inhibition of prostate cancer cell viability, proliferation, and migration, and provoked apoptosis. Conversely, prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and ATP contents were strengthened following ectopic POLRMT overexpression. In vivo, intratumoral injection of POLRMT shRNA adeno-associated virus impeded prostate cancer xenograft growth in nude mice. POLRMT silencing, oxidative stress, and ATP depletion were detected in POLRMT shRNA-treated prostate cancer xenograft tissues. IMT1 (inhibitor of mitochondrial transcription 1), the first-in-class POLRMT inhibitor, inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, overexpressed POLRMT is an important mitochondrial protein for prostate cancer cell growth, representing a novel and promising diagnostic and therapeutic oncotarget.
An Influenza A virus can evolve to use human ANP32E through altering polymerase dimerization
Authors: Sheppard Carol M. , Goldhill Daniel H. , Swann Olivia C. , Staller Ecco , Penn Rebecca , Platt Olivia K. , Sukhova Ksenia , Baillon Laury , Frise Rebecca , Peacock Thomas P. , Fodor Ervin , Barclay Wendy S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman ANP32A and ANP32B are essential but redundant host factors for influenza virus genome replication. While most influenza viruses cannot replicate in edited human cells lacking both ANP32A and ANP32B, some strains exhibit limited growth. Here, we experimentally evolve such an influenza A virus in these edited cells and unexpectedly, after 2 passages, we observe robust viral growth. We find two mutations in different subunits of the influenza polymerase that enable the mutant virus to use a novel host factor, ANP32E, an alternative family member, which is unable to support the wild type polymerase. Both mutations reside in the symmetric dimer interface between two polymerase complexes and reduce polymerase dimerization. These mutations have previously been identified as adapting influenza viruses to mice. Indeed, the evolved virus gains the ability to use suboptimal mouse ANP32 proteins and becomes more virulent in mice. We identify further mutations in the symmetric dimer interface which we predict allow influenza to adapt to use suboptimal ANP32 proteins through a similar mechanism. Overall, our results suggest a balance between asymmetric and symmetric dimers of influenza virus polymerase that is influenced by the interaction between polymerase and ANP32 host proteins.