bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer and Women's Labor Supply
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Bednarek Heather L. , Neumark David 
Published: March 2003

Objective. To investigate the effect of breast cancer on women's labor supply.Date Source/Study Setting. Using the 1992 Health and Retirement Study, we estimate the probability of working using probit regression and then, for women who are employed, we estimate regressions for average weekly hours worked using ordinary least squares (OLS). We control for health status by using responses to perceived health status and comorbidities. For a sample of married women, we control for spouses' employer‐based health insurance. We also perform additional analyses to detect selection bias in our sample.Principal Findings. We find that the probability of breast cancer survivors working is 10 percentage points less than that for women without breast cancer. Among women who work, breast cancer survivors work approximately three more hours per week than women who do not have cancer. Results of similar magnitude persist after health status is controlled in the analysis, and although we could not definitively rule out selection bias, we could not find evidence that our results are attributable to selection bias.Conclusions. For some women, breast cancer may impose an economic hardship because it causes them to leave their jobs. However, for women who survive and remain working, this study failed to show a negative effect on hours worked associated with breast cancer. Perhaps the morbidity associated with certain types and stages of breast cancer and its treatment does not interfere with work.
Error Reduction and Performance Improvement in the Emergency Department through Formal Teamwork Training: Evaluation Results of the MedTeams Project
Authors: Morey John C , Simon Robert , Jay Gregory D , Wears Robert L , Salisbury Mary , Dukes Kimberly A , Berns Scott D 
Published: March 2003

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of training and institutionalizing teamwork behaviors, drawn from aviation crew resource management (CRM) programs, on emergency department (ED) staff organized into caregiver teams.Study Setting. Nine teaching and community hospital EDs.Study Design. A prospective multicenter evaluation using a quasi‐experimental, untreated control group design with one pretest and two posttests of the Emergency Team Coordination CourseTM (ETCC). The experimental group, comprised of 684 physicians, nurses, and technicians, received the ETCC and implemented formal teamwork structures and processes. Assessments occurred prior to training, and at intervals of four and eight months after training. Three outcome constructs were evaluated: team behavior, ED performance, and attitudes and opinions. Trained observers rated ED staff team behaviors and made observations of clinical errors, a measure of ED performance. Staff and patients in the EDs completed surveys measuring attitudes and opinions.Data Collection. Hospital EDs were the units of analysis for the seven outcome measures. Prior to aggregating data at the hospital level, scale properties of surveys and event‐related observations were evaluated at the respondent or case level.Principal Findings. A statistically significant improvement in quality of team behaviors was shown between the experimental and control groups following training (p=.012). Subjective workload was not affected by the intervention (p=.668). The clinical error rate significantly decreased from 30.9 percent to 4.4 percent in the experimental group (p=.039). In the experimental group, the ED staffs' attitudes toward teamwork increased (p=.047) and staff assessments of institutional support showed a significant increase (p=.040).Conclusion. Our findings point to the effectiveness of formal teamwork training for improving team behaviors, reducing errors, and improving staff attitudes among the ETCC‐trained hospitals.
A Demonstration of the Impact of Response Bias on the Results of Patient Satisfaction Surveys
Authors: Mazor Kathleen M , Clauser Brian E , Field Terry , Yood Robert A , Gurwitz Jerry H 
Published: March 2003

Objectives. The purposes of the present study were to examine patient satisfaction survey data for evidence of response bias, and to demonstrate, using simulated data, how response bias may impact interpretation of results.Data Sources. Patient satisfaction ratings of primary care providers (family practitioners and general internists) practicing in the context of a group‐model health maintenance organization and simulated data generated to be comparable to the actual data.Study Design. Correlational analysis of actual patient satisfaction data, followed by a simulation study where response bias was modeled, with comparison of results from biased and unbiased samples.Principal Findings. A positive correlation was found between mean patient satisfaction rating and response rate in the actual patient satisfaction data. Simulation results suggest response bias could lead to overestimation of patient satisfaction overall, with this effect greatest for physicians with the lowest satisfaction scores.Conclusions. Findings suggest that response bias may significantly impact the results of patient satisfaction surveys, leading to overestimation of the level of satisfaction in the patient population overall. Estimates of satisfaction may be most inflated for providers with the least satisfied patients, thereby threatening the validity of provider‐level comparisons.
Primary Care, Self‐rated Health, and Reductions in Social Disparities in Health
Authors: Shi Leiyu , Starfield Barbara , Politzer Robert , Regan Jerri 
Published: March 2003

Objective. To examine the extent to which good primary‐care experience attenuates the adverse association of income inequality with self‐reported health.Data Sources. Data for the study were drawn from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored 1996–1997 Community Tracking Study (CTS) Household Survey and state indicators of income inequality and primary care.Study Design. Cross‐sectional, mixed‐level analysis on individuals with a primary‐care physician as their usual source of care. The analyses were weighted to represent the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the continental United States.Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Principal component factor analysis was used to explore the structure of the primary‐care indicators and examine their construct validity. Income inequality for the state in which the community is located was measured by the Gini coefficient, calculated using income distribution data from the 1996 current population survey. Stratified analyses compared proportion of individuals reporting bad health and feeling depressed with those with good and bad primary‐care experiences for each of the four income‐inequality strata. A set of logistic regressions were performed to examine the relation between primary‐care experience, income inequality, and self‐rated health.Principal Findings. Good primary‐care experience, in particular enhanced accessibility and continuity, was associated with better self‐reported health both generally and mentally. Good primary‐care experience was able to reduce the adverse association of income inequality with general health although not with mental health, and was especially beneficial in areas with highest income inequality. Socioeconomic status attenuated, but did not eliminate, the effect of primary‐care experience on health. In conclusion, good primary‐care experience is associated not only with improved self‐rated overall and mental health but also with reductions in disparities between more‐ and less‐disadvantaged communities in ratings of overall health.
‘Fight the Power’: The Politics of Music and the Music of Politics
Authors: Street John 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPopular music has a long and varied association with politics. It has provided the soundtrack to political protest and been the object of political censorship; politicians have courted pop stars and pop stars — like Bono of U2 — have acted as politicians. But although these more familiar aspects of pop's connections to politics have been noted in passing, they have not received a great deal of academic attention, and there are other aspects of the relationship — the state's role as sponsor of popular music, for instance — which have been largely ignored. This article explores the various dimensions of the interaction between popular music and politics, and argues that the study of music can contribute to our understanding of political thought and action.
The effect of unemployment insurance on weekly hours of work in Canada
Authors: Friesen Jane 
Published: March 2003

Major revisions to the Canadian unemployment insurance program in 1997 created a benefit structure that effectively provides more insurance to workers who are employed for longer workweeks. This anomaly creates an incentive for workers and firms to tailor their weekly work schedules to maximize net program benefits. Analysis of Labour Force Survey data shows that workers and firms responded to these changes by altering weekly hours as expected. This behavioural response demonstrates the sensitivity of hours of work decisions to labour market policies. JEL classification: J65 Les effets de l’assurance‐chômage sur le nombre hebdomadaire d’heures de travail au Canada. Des changements majeurs dans le programme canadien d’assurance‐chômage en 1997 ont mis en place une structure de prestations qui fournissait un support additionnel aux travailleurs qui travaillaient de plus longues heures dans la semaine. Cette anomalie a créé une incitation pour travailleurs et entreprises à ajuster leur cédule hebdomadaire de travail de manière à maximiser les bénéfices nets du programme. L’analyse des données de l’Enquête sur la population active montre que travailleurs et entreprises ont répondu à ces changements en ajustant les heures hebdomadaires de travail comme prévu. Cette réaction montre bien la sensitivité des heures de travail aux politiques du marché du travail.
Similarity-Transformed Hamiltonians by Means of Gaussian-Damped Interelectronic Distances
Authors: Zweistra Henk J. A. , Samson Claire C. M. , Klopper Wim 
Published: March 2003

A method is presented to improve the description of electron correlation in configuration interaction (CI) calculations. In this method, the standard CI expansion ψ is multiplied by a correlation function ϕ = exp (F) with F = Σ(from m = 1 to M) cm Σ(for i < j) rij exp(-γmrij2). With this correlation function, the total wavefunction Ψ = ϕψ exhibits the right behavior when two electron coalesce while F vanishes for large interelectronic distances. The correlation function is implemented using the methodology of similarity-transformed Hamiltonians and is applied to two-electron systems. A generalization to many-electron systems is indicated. The new method yields more accurate results than standard CI calculations of the energy and interelectronic distance of the He atom. The H2 molecule was chosen to study the long-range behavior of the correlation function.
Electronic Structure and Bonding Nature of the Ground State Monocarbide Cations, ScC+, TiC+, VC+, and CrC+
Authors: Kerkines Ioannis S. K. , Mavridis Aristides 
Published: March 2003

The ground states of the transition-metal diatomic carbide cations, MC+ (M = Sc, Ti, V, and Cr), are studied using multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods in conjunction with quantitative basis sets. Full potential energy curves are calculated for all four systems. When 3s23p6 core/valence correlation contributions and scalar relativistic effects are taken into account, our best estimates for the zero-point-corrected dissociation energies of the MC+ series are in good agreement with relevant experimental results. For TiC+, the recent correlation-consistent-type basis sets for Ti of Bauschlicher are also exploited to extract complete basis set limits of selected properties. The ground states of VC+(X 3∆) and CrC+(X 2∆) are reported for the first time in the literature. For CrC+ an interesting competition is revealed between the 2∆ and 4Σ- states; although 4Σ- is formally the ground state at the MRCI level of theory, when core/valence and/or relativistic effects are included, the ground state of CrC+ becomes of 2∆ symmetry, with a calculated energy separation (a 4Σ- ← X 2∆) of 2.3 kcal/mol.
An audit of job application forms in response to adverts in the British Medical Journal
Authors: Taylor F G M , Daniels I R , George C D 
Published: March 2003

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the speed of response of human resources departments to requests for job application forms for posts advertised in the British Medical Journal (BMJ). Of particular interest was the closing date for applications, postage cost, and the period to reply.

Design
Twenty posts were randomly selected and application forms requested by telephone and then 20 by letter on two separate dates from the BMJ Classified (issues of 21 July 2001 and 28 July 2001). During the first week the forms were requested by telephone on receipt of the BMJ (Friday afternoon). During the second week the forms were requested by first class post. All letters were sent out on Saturday morning.

Outcome measures
The date of receipt of the application form/information pack, the cost of postage, and the closing date for application were recorded for each position.

Results
Fifteen forms were received after the telephone application and 18 forms after the letter applications. One trust sent two replies spaced one week apart for the same job and two replies contained job application forms for the wrong job. The response rates to telephone requests varied from four to 10 days and by letter from three to 12 days. The minimum time between the reply being received and the closing date was one day, and the maximum 21 days. The time between the closing date for applications and the start date of the job varied from minus one week (closing date before advertisement) to three months. Thirteen replies gave no indication of the start date of the job. The cost of postage varied from 27p to £1.90. Thirty one trusts used first class postage.

Conclusion
There is very limited scope to return job application forms on time, and significant delays in sending out application forms and information packs compound this problem. It is recommended that trust human resources departments place advertisements early and respond promptly to requests for application forms.
Effects of the civil procedure rules on clinical negligence claims
Authors: Mayberry M K 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The frequency with which clinicians can expect to face allegations of clinical negligence and court proceedings related to those allegations is likely to increase in coming years. The processes of investigation and defence have been modified by the introduction of the Civil Procedure Rules in 1999. This review outlines these developments and emphasises the need for speedy and comprehensive responses by doctors involved in such procedures.
Brachial plexus injury as an unusual complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Chong A Y , Clarke C E , Dimitri W R , Lip G Y H 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Brachial plexus injury is an unusual and under-recognised complication of coronary artery bypass grafting especially when internal mammary artery harvesting takes place. It is believed to be due to sternal retraction resulting in compression of the brachial plexus. Although the majority of cases are transient, there are cases where the injury is permanent and may have severe implications as illustrated in the accompanying case history.
Form-From-Motion: MEG Evidence for Time Course and Processing Sequence
Authors: Schoenfeld M. A. , Woldorff M. , Düzel E. , Scheich H. , Heinze H.-J. , Mangun G. R. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The neural mechanisms and role of attention in the processing of visual form defined by luminance or motion cues were studied using magnetoencephalography. Subjects viewed bilateral stimuli composed of moving random dots and were instructed to covertly attend to either left or right hemifield stimuli in order to detect designated target stimuli that required a response. To generate form-from-motion (FFMo) stimuli, a subset of the dots could begin to move coherently to create the appearance of a simple form (e.g., square). In other blocks, to generate form-from-luminance (FFLu) stimuli that served as a control, a gray stimulus was presented superimposed on the randomly moving dots. Neuromagnetic responses were observed to both the FFLu and FFMo stimuli and localized to multiple visual cortical stages of analysis. Early activity in low-level visual cortical areas (striate/early extrastriate) did not differ for FFLu versus FFMo stimuli, nor as a function of spatial attention. Longer latency responses elicited by the FFLu stimuli were localized to the ventral-lateral occipital cortex (LO) and the inferior temporal cortex (IT). The FFMo stimuli also generated activity in the LO and IT, but only after first eliciting activity in the lateral occipital cortical region corresponding to MT/V5, resulting in a 50–60 msec delay in activity. All of these late responses (MT/V5, LO, and IT) were significantly modulated by spatial attention, being greatly attenuated for ignored FFLu and FFMo stimuli. These findings argue that processing of form in IT that is defined by motion requires a serial processing of information, first in the motion analysis pathway from V1 to MT/V5 and thereafter via the form analysis stream in the ventral visual pathway to IT.
Motion Perception in Autism: A “Complex” Issue
Authors: Bertone Armando , Mottron Laurent , Jelenic Patricia , Faubert Jocelyn 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We present the first assessment of motion sensitivity for persons with autism and normal intelligence using motion patterns that require neural processing mechanisms of varying complexity. Compared to matched controls, our results demonstrate that the motion sensitivity of observers with autism is similar to that of nonautistic observers for different types of first-order (luminance-defined) motion stimuli, but significantly decreased for the same types of second-order (texture-defined) stimuli. The latter class of motion stimuli has been demonstrated to require additional neural computation to be processed adequately. This finding may reflect less efficient integrative functioning of the neural mechanisms that mediate visuoperceptual processing in autism. The contribution of this finding with regards to abnormal perceptual integration in autism, its effect on cognitive operations, and possible behavioral implications are discussed.
Category-Specific Representations of Social and Nonsocial Knowledge in the Human Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Wood J. N. , Romero S. G. , Makale M. , Grafman J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Complex social behavior and the relatively large size of the prefrontal cortex are arguably two of the characteristics that distinguish humans from other animals. Grafman presented a framework concerning how the prefrontal cortex (PFC) controls complex behavior using stored structured event complexes (SECs). We report behavioral and imaging data from a modified go/no-go paradigm in which subjects had to classify words (semantic) and phrases (SEC) according to category. In experimental trials, subjects classified items according to social or nonsocial activity; in control trials, they classified items according to font. Subjects were faster to classify social than nonsocial semantic items, with the reverse pattern evident for the social and nonsocial SEC items. In addition, the conditions were associated with different patterns of PFC activation. These results suggest that there are different psychological and neural substrates for social and nonsocial semantic and SEC representations.
Neuroimaging Studies of Word and Pseudoword Reading: Consistencies, Inconsistencies, and Limitations
Authors: Mechelli Andrea , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Price Cathy J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Several functional neuroimaging studies have compared words and pseudowords to test different cognitive models of reading. There are difficulties with this approach, however, because cognitive models do not make clear-cut predictions at the neural level. Therefore, results can only be interpreted on the basis of prior knowledge of cognitive anatomy. Furthermore, studies comparing words and pseudowords have produced inconsistent results. The inconsistencies could reflect false-positive results due to the low statistical thresholds applied or confounds from nonlexical aspects of the stimuli. Alternatively, they may reflect true effects that are inconsistent across subjects; dependent on experimental parameters such as stimulus rate or duration; or not replicated across studies because of insufficient statistical power.
In this fMRI study, we investigate consistent and inconsistent differences between word and pseudoword reading in 20 subjects, and distinguish between effects associated with increases and decreases in activity relative to fixation. In addition, the interaction of word type with stimulus duration is explored. We find that words and pseudowords activate the same set of regions relative to fixation, and within this system, there is greater activation for pseudowords than words in the left frontal operculum, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, and the right cerebellum. The only effects of words relative to pseudowords consistent over subjects are due to decreases in activity for pseudowords relative to fixation; and there are no significant interactions between word type and stimulus duration. Finally, we observe inconsistent but highly significant effects of word type at the individual subject level.
These results (i) illustrate that pseudowords place increased demands on areas that have previously been linked to lexical retrieval, and (ii) highlight the importance of including one or more baselines to qualify word type effects. Furthermore, (iii) they suggest that inconsistencies observed in the previous literature may result from effects arising from a small number of subjects only.