bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature As a “Lifeline”: The Power of Photography When Exploring the Experiences of Older Adults Living With Memory Loss and Memory Concerns
Authors: Whitfield Elenyd , Parnell Johnson Sukey , Higgs Paul , Martin Wendy , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Burton Alexandra , Poppe Michaela , Cooper Claudia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe visual is an underutilized modality through which to investigate experiences of memory loss in older people. We describe a visual ethnography with older adults experiencing subjective or objective memory loss, receiving a cognitive well-being group intervention designed to prevent cognitive decline and dementia (APPLE-Tree program). We aimed to explore lived experiences of people with memory concerns, how participants engaged with this photography and codesign project, and how collaboration with an artist/photographer enhanced this process. Nineteen participants shared photographs reflecting what they valued in their daily lives, their experiences of memory concerns, and the intervention. Fourteen participated in qualitative photo-elicitation interviews, and 13 collaborated with a professional artist/photographer to cocreate an exhibition, in individual meetings and workshops, during which a researcher took ethnographic field notes. Eight participants were reinterviewed after the exhibition launch.We contextualize images produced by participants in relation to discourses around the visual and aging and highlight their relationship with themes developed through thematic analysis that interconnects photographic, observational, and interview data. We present themes around the use of photographs to: (1) celebrate connections to nature as a lifeline; (2) anchor lives within the context of relationships with family; and (3) reflect on self and identity, enduring through aging, memory concerns, pandemic, and aging stereotypes. We explore visual research as a powerful tool for eliciting meaningful accounts from older adults experiencing cognitive change and to connect the arts and social sciences within aging studies.
Surgical outcomes of thoracoscopic thymectomy via the single-port subxiphoid approach versus the unilateral intercostal approach
Authors: Lee Joonseok , Cho Sukki , Yoon Seung Hwan , Shih Beatrice Chia-Hui , Jung Woohyun , Jeon Jae Hyun , Kim Kwhanmien , Jheon Sanghoon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to explore the safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) total thymectomy via the single-port subxiphoid approach compared with the intercostal approach

METHODS
From January 2018 to May 2022, patients who underwent VATS total thymectomy via the subxiphoid or unilateral intercostal approach and diagnosed with Masaoka–Koga stage I–II, non-myasthenic thymoma were included in this study. Perioperative outcomes, immediate and long-term pain evaluations were compared in a propensity score-matching analysis.

RESULTS
In total, 95 patients were included and underwent the subxiphoid approach (n = 37) and the intercostal approach (n = 58). Propensity score yielded 2 well-matched cohorts of 30 patients and there was no significant demographical imbalance between the 2 groups. Compared with the intercostal approach, the subxiphoid group demonstrated favourable perioperative outcomes including the intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.025) and the median duration of hospital stay (P = 0.083). The immediate and long-term pain evaluations revealed that the subxiphoid group reported lower visual analogue scales at postoperative 24 h and lower total doses of fentanyl bolus infusions during hospitalization (P = 0.004 and 0.018, respectively), along with lower long-term neuropathic pain scale scores (P = 0.005) than patients in the intercostal group.

CONCLUSIONS
VATS thymectomy via the single-port subxiphoid approach showed favourable perioperative outcomes compared to the intercostal approach. Moreover, the subxiphoid approach seemed both to cause minimal immediate postoperative pain and to have advantages in reducing long-term neuropathic pain compared with the intercostal approach.
Application of natural language processing to identify social needs from patient medical notes: development and assessment of a scalable, performant, and rule-based model in an integrated healthcare delivery system
Authors: Gray Geoffrey M , Zirikly Ayah , Ahumada Luis M , Rouhizadeh Masoud , Richards Thomas , Kitchen Christopher , Foroughmand Iman , Hatef Elham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and test a scalable, performant, and rule-based model for identifying 3 major domains of social needs (residential instability, food insecurity, and transportation issues) from the unstructured data in electronic health records (EHRs).

Materials and Methods
We included patients aged 18 years or older who received care at the Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS) between July 2016 and June 2021 and had at least 1 unstructured (free-text) note in their EHR during the study period. We used a combination of manual lexicon curation and semiautomated lexicon creation for feature development. We developed an initial rules-based pipeline (Match Pipeline) using 2 keyword sets for each social needs domain. We performed rule-based keyword matching for distinct lexicons and tested the algorithm using an annotated dataset comprising 192 patients. Starting with a set of expert-identified keywords, we tested the adjustments by evaluating false positives and negatives identified in the labeled dataset. We assessed the performance of the algorithm using measures of precision, recall, and F1 score.

Results
The algorithm for identifying residential instability had the best overall performance, with a weighted average for precision, recall, and F1 score of 0.92, 0.84, and 0.92 for identifying patients with homelessness and 0.84, 0.82, and 0.79 for identifying patients with housing insecurity. Metrics for the food insecurity algorithm were high but the transportation issues algorithm was the lowest overall performing metric.

Discussion
The NLP algorithm in identifying social needs at JHHS performed relatively well and would provide the opportunity for implementation in a healthcare system.

Conclusion
The NLP approach developed in this project could be adapted and potentially operationalized in the routine data processes of a healthcare system.
Temperature Fluctuations Modulate Molecular Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle and Influence Growth Potential in Beef Steers
Authors: Smith Zachary K , Eckhardt Erika , Kim Won Seob , Menezes Ana Clara Baio , Rusche Warren C , Kim Jongkyoo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Our investigation elucidated the effects of severe temperature fluctuations on cellular and physiological responses in beef cattle. Eighteen Red Angus beef steers with an average body weight of 351 ± 24.5 kg were divided into three treatment groups: 1) Control (CON), exposed to a temperature-humidity index (THI) of 42 for 6 h without any temperature changes; 2) Transport (TP), subjected to a one-mile trailer trip with a THI of 42 for 6 h; and 3) Temperature swing (TS), exposed to a one-mile trailer trip with a THI shift from 42 to 72–75 for 3 h. Our findings indicate that TS can induce thermal stress in cattle, regardless of whether the overall temperature level is excessively high or not. Behavioral indications of extreme heat stress in the cattle were observed, including extended tongue protrusion, reduced appetite, excessive salivation, and increased respiratory rate. Furthermore, we observed a pronounced overexpression (P &lt; 0.05) of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 20, 27, and 90 in response to the TS treatment in the longissimus muscle (LM). Alterations in signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle growth were noted, including the upregulation (P &lt; 0.01) of Pax7, Myf5, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. In addition, an increase (P &lt; 0.05) in transcription factors associated with adipogenesis was detected (P &lt; 0.05), such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, and SCD in the TS group, suggesting the potential for adipose tissue accumulation due to temperature fluctuations. Our data illustrated the potential impacts of these temperature fluctuations on the growth of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in beef cattle.
Field evaluation of organic and synthetic insecticides against the hala scale, Thysanococcus pandani (Hemiptera: Halimococcidae), on Maui, Hawaii
Authors: Russo Mason , Waisen Philip , Lutgen Hannah , Cheng Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The hala scale, Thysanococcus pandani Stickney, is an invasive insect that infests hala trees, Pandanus tectorius, and has recently arrived in the Hawaiian Islands of Maui, Oahu, and Molokai. Hala scale is native to Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore and was accidentally introduced to Maui, with its first detection in Hana in 1995. The hala tree is a frequently planted ornamental plant throughout Hawaii’s urban landscape and is also a native tree found in coastal areas of ecological suitability throughout the state. These trees are integral to native Hawaiian weaving traditions, as the leaves were used to make items such as sails, hats, or mats. The spread of T. pandani threatens the continuation of these practices, as the plant material may not be sufficient for weaving. Hala trees infested with T. pandani can have negative effects such as deformation, discoloration, and early tree death. Experimental field trials were set up to evaluate the efficacy of organic and chemical insecticides as potential treatments to mitigate the damage of T. pandani infestations. This was done on the Island of Maui, where T. pandani is widespread. These trees were artificially inoculated with T. pandani and evaluated throughout the trials for changes in plant height, canopy width, scale removal, and visual infestation ratings. The results of 2 repeated field trials indicated that flupyradifurone and buprofezin were effective treatments in the reduction of the hala scale infestation and improving visual aspects related to plant health.
Diverse mechanisms of bioproduction heterogeneity in fermentation and their control strategies
Authors: Mu Xinyue , Zhang Fuzhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Microbial bioproduction often faces challenges related to populational heterogeneity, where cells exhibit varying biosynthesis capabilities. Bioproduction heterogeneity can stem from genetic and non-genetic factors, resulting in decreased titer, yield, stability, and reproducibility. Consequently, understanding and controlling bioproduction heterogeneity are crucial for enhancing the economic competitiveness of large-scale biomanufacturing. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current understandings of the various mechanisms underlying bioproduction heterogeneity. Additionally, we examine common strategies for controlling bioproduction heterogeneity based on these mechanisms. By implementing more robust measures to mitigate heterogeneity, we anticipate substantial enhancements in the scalability and stability of bioproduction processes.

One-sentence summary
This review summarizes current understandings of different mechanisms of bioproduction heterogeneity and common control strategies based on these mechanisms.
Resisting policing in higher education: wilful White ignorance in the campus safety debate
Authors: Taylor Rebecca M , Perez-Mugg Martha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Activists have challenged the reach of the carceral state into higher education. Whether calling out the exclusion of currently and formerly incarcerated people from higher education or the ways campus police perpetuate the racial and economic biases that plague the US criminal legal system, these voices offer insights that higher education leaders should take seriously. Yet, these challenges are often met with appeals to safety, which purport to override concerns about the harms produced by extension of the criminal legal system into educational contexts. Campus safety debates offer an opportunity to examine the role of wilful ignorance in the perpetuation of systemic injustices on college and university campuses, highlighting tensions between the testimony of those challenging these systems and practices and prevailing narratives around safety. In analysing the operation of wilful ignorance in this context, we will focus on campus policing as a manifestation of carcerality in higher education. We argue that the perpetuation of policing in higher education in the USA reflects wilful White ignorance that represents both an epistemic and moral failing on the part of higher education leaders.
Outbreak of Invasive Group A Streptococcus in Children—Colorado, October 2022–April 2023
Authors: Ho Erin C , Cataldi Jessica R , Silveira Lori J , Birkholz Meghan , Loi Michele M , Osborne Christina M , Dominguez Samuel R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
In the fall of 2022, we observed a sharp rise in pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcus (iGAS) hospitalizations in Colorado. We compared the epidemiology, clinical features, and patient outcomes in this outbreak to prior years.

Methods
Between October 2022 and April 2023, we prospectively identified and reviewed iGAS cases in hospitalized pediatric patients at Children’s Hospital Colorado. Using laboratory specimen records, we also retrospectively compared the number of patients with sterile site GAS-positive cultures across three time periods: pre-COVID-19 (January 2015–March 2020), height of COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020–September 2022), and outbreak (October 2022–April 2023).

Results
Among 96 prospectively identified iGAS cases, median age was 5.7 years old; 66% were male, 70% previously healthy, 39% required critical care, and four patients died. Almost 60% had associated respiratory viral symptoms, 10% had toxic shock syndrome, and 4% had necrotizing fasciitis. Leukopenia, bandemia, and higher C-reactive protein values were laboratory findings associated with need for critical care. There were significantly more cases during the outbreak (9.9/month outbreak vs 3.9/month pre-pandemic vs 1.3/month pandemic), including more cases with pneumonia (28% outbreak vs 15% pre-pandemic vs 0% pandemic) and multifocal disease (17% outbreak vs 3% pre-pandemic vs 0% pandemic), P &lt; .001 for all.

Conclusions
Outbreak case numbers were almost triple the pre-pandemic baseline. The high percentage of cases with associated viral symptoms suggests a link to coinciding surges in respiratory viruses during this time. Invasive GAS can be severe and evolve rapidly; clinical and laboratory features may help in earlier identification of critically ill children.
Abacavir Drug Exposures in African Children Under 14 kg Using Pediatric Solid Fixed Dose Combinations According to World Health Organization Weight Bands
Authors: Chupradit Suthunya , Wamalwa Dalton C , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth , Kekitiinwa Adeodata R , Mwanga-Amumpaire Juliet , Bukusi Elizabeth A , Nyandiko Winstone M , Mbuthia Joseph K , Swanson Alistair ,   DNDi Clinical Team, Cressey Tim R , Punyawudho Baralee , Musiime Victor 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The pharmacokinetics of abacavir (ABC) in African children living with HIV (CLHIV) weighing &lt;14 kg and receiving pediatric fixed dose combinations (FDC) according to WHO weight bands dosing are limited. An ABC population pharmacokinetic model was developed to evaluate ABC exposure across different World Health Organization (WHO) weight bands.

Methods
Children enrolled in the LIVING study in Kenya and Uganda receiving ABC/lamivudine (3TC) dispersible tablets (60/30 mg) according to WHO weight bands. A population approach was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted using an in silico population with demographic characteristics associated with African CLHIV. ABC exposures (AUC0–24) of 6.4–50.4 mg h/L were used as targets.

Results
Plasma samples were obtained from 387 children. A 1-compartment model with allometric scaling of clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V/F) according to body weight best characterized the pharmacokinetic data of ABC. The maturation of ABC CL/F was characterized using a sigmoidal Emax model dependent on postnatal age (50% of adult CL/F reached by 0.48 years of age). Exposures to ABC were within the target range for children weighing 6.0–24.9 kg, but children weighing 3–5.9 kg were predicted to be overexposed.

Conclusions
Lowering the ABC dosage to 30 mg twice daily or 60 mg once daily for children weighing 3–5.9 kg increased the proportion of children within the target and provided comparable exposures. Further clinical study is required to investigate clinical implications and safety of the proposed alternative ABC doses.
In search of founding era registers: automatic modeling of registers from the corpus of Founding Era American English
Authors: Repo Liina , Hashimoto Brett , Laippala Veronika 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Registers are situationally defined text varieties, such as letters, essays, or news articles, that are considered to be one of the most important predictors of linguistic variation. Often historical databases of language lack register information, which could greatly enhance their usability (e.g. Early English Books Online). This article examines register variation in Late Modern English and automatic register identification in historical corpora. We model register variation in the corpus of Founding Era American English (COFEA) and develop machine-learning methods for automatic register identification in COFEA. We also extract and analyze the most significant grammatical characteristics estimated by the classifier for the best-predicted registers and found that letters and journals in the 1700s were characterized by informational density. The chosen method enables us to learn more about registers in the Founding Era. We show that some registers can be reliably identified from COFEA, the best overall performance achieved by the deep learning model Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers with an F1-score of 97 per cent. This suggests that deep learning models could be utilized in other studies concerned with historical language and its automatic classification.
Locomotive syndrome and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study in middle-aged women
Authors: Kato Michitaka , Ozaki Etsuko , Matsui Daisuke , Nakano Wataru , Nakano Satoko , Ono Sintaro , Kito Kazuya , Koyama Teruhide 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Evidence for an association between locomotive syndrome (LS) and depression is lacking in middle-aged women. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between LS severity and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling middle-aged women.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1520 middle-aged women (mean age 52 ± 6 years). LS severity was evaluated using the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale questionnaire and motor function test. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Zung self-rating depression scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and LS severity, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Results
LS severity, as evaluated through both questionnaires and motor function tests, was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (self-rating depression scale  ≥ 40 points) in middle-aged women. The relationship between LS and depressive symptoms was only significant when assessed through the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale questionnaire rather than the motor function tests. Additionally, a stepwise association was observed between pain severity, as assessed by the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
LS severity is significantly associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling middle-aged women, suggesting the need for additional mental status assessment in participants with LS and concurrent pain.
Dietary biomarkers—an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies
Authors: Landberg Rikard , Karra Prasoona , Hoobler Rachel , Loftfield Erikka , Huybrechts Inge , Rattner Jodi I , Noerman Stefania , Claeys Liesel , Neveu Vanessa , Vidkjaer Nanna Hjort , Savolainen Otto , Playdon Mary C , Scalbert Augustin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.