bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper‐based high‐entropy oxide aerogel for chemoselective hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Pei Lingjun , Liu Xiaoyu , He Xihong , Li Wenfeng , Sun Dongfeng , Xie Huidong , Liu Hu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxide aerogels (HEOs), combining the advantages of polymetallic oxides and aerogels, are novel materials with great prospect for catalytic applications. However, the preparation of single‐phase HEOs remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a general strategy for the preparation of ultralight 3D porous HEOs by combining a gelation strategy and a high‐temperature calcination process. The resulting CuFeCoAgPdOx has the structural and morphological advantages of a HEO and an aerogel and exhibits excellent selectivity (100%), full conversion (>99% yield) in the selective hydrogenation of 4‐nitrostyrene. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and gas chromatography confirm that the synergistic effect of the HEOs can preferentially reduce the NO2 group rather than the CC bonds in 4‐nitrostyrene. The synergistic effect of CuFeCoAgPdOx and the hydrogenation mechanism were revealed. This study provides a new idea for the design of efficient nitroaromatic hydrogenation catalysts.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 2025 Update on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Hallek Michael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDisease OverviewChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of leukemia. It typically occurs in older patients and has a highly variable clinical course. Leukemic transformation is initiated by specific genomic alterations that interfere with the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in clonal B‐cells.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established by blood counts, blood smears, and immunophenotyping of circulating B‐lymphocytes, which identify a clonal B‐cell population carrying the CD5 antigen as well as typical B‐cell markers.Prognosis and StagingTwo clinical staging systems, Rai and Binet, provide prognostic information by using the results of physical examination and blood counts. Various biological and genetic markers provide additional prognostic information. Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del(17p)) and/or mutations of the TP53 gene predict a shorter time to progression with most targeted therapies. The CLL international prognostic index (CLL‐IPI) integrates genetic, biological, and clinical variables to identify distinct risk groups of patients with CLL. The CLL‐IPI retains its significance in the era of targeted agents, but the overall prognosis of CLL patients with high‐risk stages has improved.TherapyOnly patients with active or symptomatic disease or with advanced Binet or Rai stages require therapy. When treatment is indicated, several therapeutic options exist: combinations of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax with obinutuzumab, or venetoclax with ibrutinib, or monotherapy with one of the inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). At relapse, the initial treatment may be repeated if the treatment‐free interval exceeds 3 years. If the leukemia relapses earlier, therapy should be changed using an alternative regimen.Future ChallengesCombinations of targeted agents now provide efficient therapies with a fixed duration that generate deep and durable remissions. These fixed‐duration therapies have gained territory in the management of CLL, as they are cost‐effective, avoid the emergence of resistance, and offer treatment free time to the patient. The cure rate of these novel combination regimens is unknown. Moreover, the optimal sequencing of targeted therapies remains to be determined. A medical challenge is to treat patients who are double‐refractory to both BTK and BCL2 inhibitors. These patients need to be treated within experimental protocols using novel drugs.
Direct C3−H Amination of Imidazo[1,2‐a]Pyridine under Simple and Mild Conditions
Authors: Yang Liting , Cao Xinyu , Xu Xiaoxu , Zheng Hao , Lai Shuyu , Chen Sicheng , Wang Jinyu , Zhu Xilin , Wang Yanjie , Kong Xiangtao , Qiao Huijie , Jiao Mingli 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper reports a simple and efficient method for the direct regioselective C3−H amination of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives using diphenylsulfonimide as the amination source and PhI(OAc)2 as the oxidant. The proposed conversion protocol, which is characterized by mild and safe reaction conditions (room temperature reaction), simple execution (catalyst‐free, transition‐metal‐free, and additive‐free), and broad substrate applicability, enables the synthesis of 3‐sulfonamido‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives with a wide range of functional groups. Controlled experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that the amination occurs at the C3 position through a radical mechanism. In addition, a series of indole derivatives could also be used in this amination system. This study could guide future research on green organic synthesis, which has immense industrial and academic value.
Identifying Hydrilla verticillata in Real Time With a Machine Learning–Based Underwater Object Detection Program
Authors: Jeong Han S. , Schad Aaron N. , Cheng Jing‐Ru C. , Donohue Griffin , Hawkins Jazmine L. , Steen Andrew M. , Farthing William F. , Knight Ian A. , Dodd Lynde L. , Katzenmeyer Alan W. , Sistrunk Virginia A. , Hammond Shea L. , Bellinger Brent J. , Rycroft Taylor E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStandard tools for detection and identification of invasive macrophytes have limitations that may result in failure to detect patches of invasive vegetation. These undetected growths can spread rapidly, leading to significant disruption of invasive macrophyte control programs. The ability to accurately identify and map invasive submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) over large transects in a cost‐efficient manner has been identified by water resource managers as a pressing issue that requires an immediate solution. To help with this challenge, we have developed an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)–based image analysis program to automatically detect a priority invasive macrophyte, hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), in real time. The AI/ML model, based on the existing AI model EfficientDet, was trained and tested on nearly 12,000 images of H. verticillata captured underwater using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and handheld cameras. Accuracy of the object detection model was evaluated based on the Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) metric of mean average precision (mAP). Our model had a peak mAP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 58.2% and a mAP@[0.5] of 81.2% (with inference latencies between 50 and 100 ms). These results suggest that real‐time underwater identification of H. verticillata with our detection model is achievable at high accuracy, with further enhancement possible through integration with multiple commercially available underwater ROV platforms and continued training in environments with various combinations of invasive and native SAV assemblages.
Ph3P‐I2‐mediated Syntheses of C‐12 Carboxamide Indoloquinazolines and 2‐Aminosubstituted‐indol‐3‐ones from Isatins and Amines
Authors: Pattarawarapan Mookda , Wet‐osot Sirawit , Wiriya Nittaya , Hongsibsong Surat , Yimklan Saranphong , Phakhodee Wong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Ph3P‐I2‐mediated reactions between isatins and amines were extensively investigated leading to the discovery of highly selective and divergent routes toward the synthesis of two distinct classes of indole‐based frameworks. Through a strategic design of the reaction paths, we overcome potential side reactions to achieve convenient and straightforward one‐pot methods to access either indoloquinazolines with C‐12 carboxamide or 2‐aminosubstituted indol‐3‐ones using the same reagent system. Mechanistic studies reveal the role of Ph3P‐I2 in governing product selectivity, providing an efficient route to novel fused‐indolone derivatives with promising applications in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry.
Quark/Hybrid Stars Within Perturbative QCD in View of the GW170817 Event
Authors: Köpp Fábio , Horvath Jorge Ernesto , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the implications of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) extrapolated from higher energies down to the neutron star range, as applied to hybrid stars. In describing the hybrid star, we represent the quark phase by pQCD, and the hadronic phase using the APR4 equation of state (EoS). The phase transition itself is modeled using the Maxwell construction. We hypothesize as a consequence of our work that the central compact object XMMU J173203.3, could be a quark star described by the pQCD EoS. Analysis of the mass‐radius diagrams and the dimensionless tidal deformability are performed. The results obtained for the latter in the case of hybrid star models are consistent with observations from the GW170817 event; however, they do not meet the constraint.
Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Sodium Trimetaphosphate Crosslinked Porous Corn Starch
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Pan Qinghua , Liang Zesheng , Li Jingqiao , Wu Rulong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe crosslinked porous corn starch was prepared by two steps: the native corn starch was hydrolyzed by α‐amylase and glucoamylase, then the porous corn was crosslinked by sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP). The morphology and size of granules, spherulites, crystal type, molecular structure, swelling properties, thermal stability and adsorption properties of the crosslinked porous starch were investigated. The results indicated that a lot of holes formed in the porous starch, and the particle size of starch granules decreased. Under the cross‐linking action of STMP, the porous starch particles are cross‐linked and agglomerated together. The crystalline form of porous starch presents A + V type, and crystallinity increased after crosslinking. The crosslinked porous starches have higher short‐range ordering comparing to the porous without crosslinked porous starch. The crosslinking degree, melting enthalpy and melting peak of starch increased with the increase of STMP content. The bulk density and the vibrated density of the porous starch increased after crosslinking. With the increase of the content of STMP, the water and oil absorption of porous starch increased and then decreased. The MB adsorption capacity of crosslinked porous starch has the maximum value with the STMP 20 wt% content. MB adsorption behavior of porous starch is more consistent with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and the equilibrium adsorption increased after crosslinking.
When Does Collaborating With Green Influencers Backfire? An Experimental Analysis of how Authenticity Components Shape Consumer Reactions to Sponsored Content
Authors: Giambastiani Gaia , Romito Stefano , Vurro Clodia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the role of perceived authenticity in shaping the persuasiveness of sponsored content by green influencers. We examine how variations in the importance of six authenticity component judgments—accuracy, connectedness, integrity, legitimacy, originality, and proficiency—influence consumers' intentions to change their behavior following green influencers' advice in the case of sponsored and nonsponsored content. To this end, we conducted an experiment with 486 active social media users who follow at least one green influencer. Results indicate that, although sponsored content typically diminishes the intent to follow green influencer advice, this effect is contingent upon the relative importance attributed to the authenticity components by consumers. Further, cluster analysis identified distinct consumer segments that vary in their response to sponsored content based on their perceptions of authenticity. We offer guidance to green influencers and companies on how to authentically tailor their sustainable collaborations.
An Investigation Into the Positive and Negative Outcomes for Clinicians Working With Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Sheehan Diarmuid , Nelson Joanne , Carr Alan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWorking with children who have experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) may have a negative impact on a clinician's wellbeing. However, there is some evidence to indicate CSA work may also result in positive outcomes for the clinician. This study aimed to explore the positive and negative outcomes for clinicians working with CSA. Eighteen clinicians working across a range of services in Ireland and the United Kingdom participated in this study. All were involved in the management of CSA, and their ages ranged between 31 and 53 years (mean = 41.9 years). Participants were recruited through an opt‐in regime following a targeted advertisement and email campaign. Semi‐structured interviews were completed to explore clinicians' perceived experiences of the positive and negative outcomes of CSA work. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis developed four themes and four subthemes. The first two were ‘Protecting the Clinician’ and ‘Fulfilment from CSA Work’, which identified participants' subjective understanding of what systemic supports and personal actions maintain their psychological and physical wellbeing. The third and fourth themes, ‘Intrapersonal Disruption’ and ‘The Multiple Challenges of CSA Work’, described the difficulties of working with CSA and the negative impact it can have for clinicians. Findings highlight the importance of supporting clinicians to develop protective strategies to manage the negative impact of CSA work while also acknowledging the positive outcomes, notably a sense of fulfilment associated with working in this specialist area.
The History of Studies on Oxetane Ring Formation in Paclitaxel Biosynthesis
Authors: Li Changkang , Yin Xinxin , Dai Jungui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere is no doubt that breakthroughs in the enzyme‐mediated formation of the oxetane ring in paclitaxel biosynthesis constitute significant milestones in the biosynthesis of complex natural products. In this review, we summarize the understanding of the biosynthesis of the oxetane ring of paclitaxel from different viewpoints. Generally, it covers five aspects, (1) a different understanding of the mechanistic formation of the oxetane ring on the basis of sound chemical reasoning, (2) a reasonable speculation of the biosynthetic pathways and suitable surrogate substrates for oxetane ring formation based on the natural and chemical logical analysis, (3) Taxus genome‐enabled enzymes identification, (4) the discovery of different enzymes that mediate oxetane ring formation, and (5) a mechanistic investigation involving the use of isotopic labelling experiments and quantum chemical calculations. This review provides a detailed overview of the history of the studies on the oxetane ring formation in paclitaxel biosynthesis, which may be useful for a better understanding this process in combined view of nature, chemistry and biology logics, also for efficient heterologous reconstruction of the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway in the future.
Mammary Gland Reactive Stroma Characterization at Aging After Bisphenol A Exposure During Hormonal Susceptibility Windows
Authors: Brito Filho Gervásio Evangelista , Ruiz Thalles Fernando Rocha , de Souza Lorena Gabriela , Ferrato Luara Jesus , dos Santos Fernanda Cristina Alcantara , Vilamaior Patricia Simone Leite , Leonel Ellen Cristina Rivas , Taboga Sebastião Roberto 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMammary glands development is influenced by endocrine signaling, which remodels epithelial and stromal compartments. Reactive stroma phenotype is observed when stromal disturbances occur, leading to changes in extracellular matrix composition and occurrence of reactive cell types. One of the triggers of these alterations is endocrine‐disrupting chemical exposure, such as bisphenol A (BPA). Studies suggest that BPA acts on receptor binding sites of several hormones interfering the endocrine response. The aim of this study was to investigate the reactive stroma features on mammary glands of aged female gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) exposed to BPA during windows of susceptibility. Thus, the analysis of cellular profile and growth factor expressions was provided. Fibroblastic population changed in BPA‐exposed mammary glands, with a remarkable increase of myofibroblasts (vimentin+/α‐SMA+) and active fibroblasts (FAP+). Normal fibroblasts (vimentin+/α‐SMA−) were decreased mainly associated with the increase of FGF‐10, an inductor of fibroblastic polarization. CD34+ stromal cells were also identified and detected among epithelial cells after BPA‐induction disruption. Angiogenesis was supported by VEGF increasing in the gland tissue, which promoted an increase in blood vessel density. Thus, our results demonstrated that reactive stroma was raised in the mammary gland after BPA exposure. This profile was supported by changes in the fibroblastic population due to an induction to synthetic phenotypes and the expression of FGF‐10, as well as the angiogenic activity that could corroborate with the malignancy and aggressiveness induced by BPA exposure.
Asymmetries in the Architecture of ON and OFF Arbors in ON–OFF Direction‐Selective Ganglion Cells
Authors: Philip Sheba Annie , Singh Narendra Pratap , Viswanathan Saranya , Parida Priyanka , Sethuramanujam Santhosh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDirection selectivity is a fundamental feature in the visual system. In the retina, direction selectivity is independently computed by ON and OFF circuits. However, the advantages of extracting directional information from these two independent circuits are unclear. To gain insights, we examined the ON–OFF direction‐selective ganglion cells (DSGCs), which recombine signals from both circuits. Specifically, we investigated the dendritic architecture of these neurons with the premise that asymmetries in architecture will provide insights into function. Scrutinizing the dendrites of dye‐filled ON–OFF DSGCs reveals that the OFF arbors of these neurons are substantially denser. The increase in density can be primarily attributed to the higher branching seen in OFF arbors. Further, analysis of ON–OFF DSGCs in a previously published serial block‐face electron microscopy dataset revealed that the denser OFF arbors packed more bipolar synapses per unit dendritic length. These asymmetries in the dendritic architecture suggest that the ON–OFF DSGC preferentially magnifies the synaptic drive of the OFF pathway, potentially allowing it to encode information distinct from the ON pathway.
Ultrathin 2D Co‐MOF Showcasing Remarkable Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Coupled with Unparalleled Stability
Authors: Sood Parul , Bagdwal Harshita , Krishankant  , Joshi Arti , Singh Monika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is typically carried out utilizing noble metals and metal oxides based nanostructures. Yet, due to their numerous drawbacks, including high cost, poor stability and negative environmental effects; researchers are driven to create new electro‐active materials. To that end, we report an ultrathin 2D Co‐MOF [Co2(bpe)2.5(NO3)4(CH3O)] (Co‐MOF) that crystallized under hydrothermal conditions, showing a terrific OER activity with an overpotential of 267 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and the low Tafel slope value of 104 mV dec−1. Two‐dimensional MOFs offer numerous advantages over 3D MOFs such as better exposure and accessibility of active sites. The layered structure of 2D MOFs can provide greater structural flexibility, which can be beneficial for accommodating the changes during the OER process and maintaining structural integrity under operating conditions. The performance of Co‐MOF surpasses commercially available OER catalyst RuO2, demonstrating an unprecedented prolonged stability of 112 hours, which, to the best of our knowledge, represents the longest stability, observed for any pristine MOF to date. From the post‐OER characterization, it was discovered that in situ formed species, Co(OH)2 and CoOOH served as the active sites responsible for oxygen evolution.
Phase transition of parabolic Ginzburg–Landau equation with potentials of high‐dimensional wells
Authors: Liu Yuning 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, we study the co‐dimensional one interface limit and geometric motions of parabolic Ginzburg–Landau systems with potentials of high‐dimensional wells. The main result generalizes the one by Lin et al. (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 65 (2012), no. 6, 833–888) to a dynamical case. In particular combining modulated energy methods and weak convergence methods, we derive the limiting harmonic heat flows in the inner and outer bulk regions segregated by the sharp interface, and a non‐standard boundary condition for them. These results are valid provided that the initial datum of the system is well‐prepared under natural energy assumptions.
PtAu‐Carbon Nanotube/Glassy Carbon Electrode Composite Based Electrochemical Sensor for High‐Precision Detection of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Tianpeng , Feng Yanghai , Zhu Lei , Jia Jiping , Zhang Hui , Du Yukou 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith enrichment of tetracycline (TC) in ecosystems, its accurate detection has become a major concern. Noble‐metal nano‐particles have attracted great interest as potential materials for sensing applications because of their remarkable electrical properties and adaptability. Herein, a novel electro‐chemical detection technique based on carbon nano‐tubes (CNTs) as the support material is developed to detect TC with high precision. To achieve a characteristic response to TC, a composite electrode for detection electrode is prepared by loading platinum‐gold (PtAu) nano‐particles on CNTs surface via electro‐deposition. The oxidation peak at 0.38 V is used as the signal probe to draw a standard curve by comparing the intensities of the oxidation peaks at various TC concentrations. The PtAu‐CNTs/GCE sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity (LOD=1.05×10−8 mol/L) and anti‐interference properties. This study demonstrates the potential for TC detection in complex environments.
FPGA Implementation of PRNGs Based on Chaotic Systems Optimized by DE, GWO, and PSO
Authors: Fernanda Moreno‐López María , Joel Lara‐Martinez Angel , Maritza Gonzalez‐Zapata Astrid , Silva‐Juarez Alejandro , Gerardo de la Fraga Luis , Tlelo‐Cuautle Esteban 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe optimization of chaotic systems remains a challenge because the search space of the design parameters can have several orders of magnitude, causing that the corresponding eigenvalues can be very sparse, thus producing unnecessary long simulation times. This imposes the need of estimating the step‐size of the numerical method that discretizes the ordinary differential equations. In this manner, the proposed work shows the optimization of chaotic systems, by applying differential evolution (DE), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. Within the optimization loop, is estimated taking into account the inverse of the highest eigenvalue, and the total time simulation is estimated by taking the inverse of the lowest eigenvalue. The constraints consider that a chaotic system is simulated only if there exist two complex eigenvalues and if the Fourier transform of the chaotic time series has a spectrum area in a certain threshold. A single‐objective function is associated to maximize the Kaplan–Yorke dimension , and then PSO, DE, and GWO are executed with the same number of runs, generations, and population individuals. Their performances are compared by Wilcoxon and Levene tests. The best solutions obtained for each optimization algorithm and for each chaotic system are used to implement pseudo‐random number generators (PRNG). Finally, the PRNGs that passed NIST and TestU01 tests are implemented into a field‐programmable gate array.