bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of [11C]Methionine-Positron Emission Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Image-guided Surgical Resection of Infiltrative Low-grade Brain Tumors in Children
Authors: Pirotte Benoit , Goldman Serge , Van Bogaert Patrick , David Philippe , Wikler David , Rorive Sandrine , Brotchi Jacques , Levivier Marc 
Published: July 2005

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To evaluate the interest of integrating positron emission tomography (PET) images with the radiolabeled tracer [11C]methionine (Met) into the image-guided navigation planning of infiltrative low-grade brain tumors (LGBTs) in children.METHODS:Twenty-two children underwent combined Met-PET with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in the planning of a navigation procedure. These children presented an LGBT (astrocytomas, 10; oligodendrogliomas, 4; ependymomas, 4; gangliogliomas, 4) located close to functional areas. Tumor boundaries were ill-defined on MRI (including T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery scans) and could not be clearly identified for allowing a complete, or at least a large, image-guided resection. The PET tracer Met was chosen because of its higher sensitivity and specificity than MRI to detect tumor tissue. The level and extension of MET uptake were analyzed to define the PET contour, subsequently projected onto MRI scans to define a final target contour for volumetric resection. The quality of tumor resection was assessed by an early postoperative MRI and Met-PET workup.RESULTS:In 20 of the 22 children with ill-defined LGBTs, PET improved tumor delineation and contributed to define a final target contour different from that obtained with MRI alone. Met-PET guidance allowed a total resection of Met uptake in 17 cases that were considered total tumor resections because the operative margin left in place contained nontumor tissue.CONCLUSION:These data suggested that Met-PET guidance could help to improve the number of total resections and the amount of tumor removed in infiltrative LGBTs in children.
Surgical Resection of Intrinsic Insular Tumors
Authors: Hentschel Stephen J. , Lang Frederick F. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
THIS REPORT, WITH an accompanying videotape, details the authors' technique for performing radical resections of tumors intrinsic to the insular lobe. The resection technique takes advantage of the fact that many intrinsic insular tumors grow within the confines of the insula, usually without violating pial borders or invading the medial structures. The method described is based on an anatomic dissection of the insula that uses the internal boundaries of the region, particularly the peri-insular sulci, as guides for resection. The videotape provides a visual description of this method.
Local Delivery of Ibuprofen via Controlled-release Polymers Prevents Angiographic Vasospasm in a Monkey Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Pradilla Gustavo , Thai Quoc-Anh , Legnani Federico G. , Clatterbuck Richard E. , Gailloud Philippe , Murphy Kieran P. , Tamargo Rafael J. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Adhesion and migration of leukocytes into the periadventitial space play a role in the pathophysiology of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a determinant cell adhesion molecule involved in this process. Ibuprofen has been shown to inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule-1 upregulation and prevent vasospasm in animal models of SAH. In this study, we report the toxicity and efficacy of locally delivered ibuprofen incorporated into controlled-release polymers to prevent vasospasm in a monkey model of SAH.

METHODS:
Ibuprofen was incorporated into ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc) polymers at 45% loading (wt:wt). For the toxicity study, cynomolgus monkeys (n = 5) underwent surgical implantation of either blank/EVAc polymers (n = 3) or 45% ibuprofen/EVAc polymers (n = 2) in the subarachnoid space, were followed up for 13 weeks, and were killed for histopathological analysis. For the efficacy study, cynomolgus monkeys (n = 14) underwent cerebral angiography 7 days before and 7 days after surgery and SAH and were randomized to receive either a 45% ibuprofen/EVAc polymer (n = 7; mean dose of ibuprofen, 6 mg/kg) or blank EVAc polymers (n = 7) in the subarachnoid space. Angiographic vasospasm was determined by digital image analysis. Student's t test was used for analysis.

RESULTS:
Animals implanted with ibuprofen polymers showed no signs of local or systemic toxicity. Animals treated with ibuprofen polymers had 91 ± 9% lumen patency of the middle cerebral artery, compared with 53 ± 11% of animals treated with blank/EVAc polymers (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Ibuprofen polymers are safe and prevent angiographic vasospasm after SAH in the monkey model. These findings support the role of cell adhesion molecules and inflammation in the pathophysiology of vasospasm.
Sole Stenting Bypass for the Treatment of Vertebral Artery Aneurysms: Technical Case Report
Authors: Zenteno Marco A. , Murillo-Bonilla Luis M. , Guinto Gerardo , Gomez Camilo R. , Martinez Sergio R. , Higuera-Calleja Jesus , Lee Angel , Gomez-Llata Sergio 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Vertebrobasilar aneurysms have a risk of rupture ranging from 2.5 to 50% (especially those larger than 7 mm) and a repeat bleeding rate of between 30 and 70%. For this reason, patients with aneurysms larger than 7 mm should be treated. Considering the high complexity of surgical approaches in this area, an increasing number of reported cases are being treated with endovascular therapy. The purpose of this article is to determine the effectiveness and safety of sole stenting bypass in the treatment of three consecutive patients with vertebrobasilar aneurysms.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Three patients (one woman and two men) with vertebrobasilar junction aneurysms were included in this study. Two of the patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

INTERVENTION:
An endovascular procedure was performed under general (two patients) or local (one patient) anesthesia and via a right femoral approach. By use of road map guidance, sole Express (one patient) or Express 2 (two patients) coronary stents (Boston Scientific/Scimed, Maple Grove, MN) were deployed on the diseased vessel. When the stent was in place, an immediate partial thrombosis of the aneurysm was observed, related primarily to an intra-aneurysmal flow pattern modification, possibly facilitated by modification of the angle of the parent vessel. Follow-up angiograms showed complete exclusion of the aneurysms within the circulation. Only one patient presented visual deficit as a thrombotic complication, but it disappeared completely 6 months after treatment.

CONCLUSION:
The sole stenting bypass technique seems to be a good alternative for the treatment of complex vertebral aneurysms by inducing thrombosis of the aneurysm with preservation of the parent vessel lumen.
The Expanded Endonasal Approach: A Fully Endoscopic Transnasal Approach and Resection of the Odontoid Process: Technical Case Report
Authors: Kassam Amin B. , Snyderman Carl , Gardner Paul , Carrau Ricardo , Spiro Richard 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTHE TRANSORAL APPROACH to the odontoid process is considered the “gold standard” for resection of extradural lesions at this location. A completely transnasal endoscopic approach is feasible based on anatomic studies and our experience with the expanded endonasal approach for neoplasms of the cranial base. An illustrative case is presented to demonstrate the technical details of a fully transnasal completely endoscopic approach for the resection of the odontoid process. A 73-year-old woman with a long-standing history of rheumatoid arthritis presented with progressive cervicomedullary compression. Complete resection of the odontoid was achieved with no significant morbidity. This is the first reported case of a completely endoscopic resection of the odontoid using a fully transnasal route. The report demonstrates the feasibility of this approach and larger clinical series with long-term follow-up will be needed to determine the reproducibility and validation of any potential benefits.
Use of Ultrasonic Aspiration for Dural Opening in Cranial Reoperations: Technical Note
Authors: Galarza Marcelo , Sood Sandeep , Pomata Hugo B. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Dural detachment from the brain in cranial reoperations has been accomplished previously by selective coagulation and the cutting of brain-dural adhesions. The results of ultrasonic aspiration during tumor surgery or brain cutting procedures led the authors to speculate that the detachment of the dura mater from brain tumors by applying the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (Valleylab, Boulder, CO [formerly Cavitron, Inc., Stamford, CT]) to the brain-dura mater interface could be used to reduce bleeding and facilitate dural opening during cranial reoperations.

METHODS:
Ten patients underwent a second craniotomy for epilepsy surgery (five cases of extended temporal lobectomy and five cases of extended extratemporal lesionectomy). The use of ultrasonic aspiration and its effects on brain separation from the dura mater were examined.

RESULTS:
Intraoperative use of the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator during dural opening produced immediate blanching of the dura mater and enhanced visualization of the cortical surface without distortion of the brain anatomy.

CONCLUSION:
Incremental dural opening and brain visualization is achieved by careful application of ultrasonic aspiration directly into the brain-dura limit, producing immediate regional dural devascularization. Use of this technique reduces cortical and dural bleeding and enhances the ease and effectiveness of brain visualization.
Use of a Novel Absorbable Hydrogel for Augmentation of Dural Repair: Results of a Preliminary Clinical Study
Authors: Boogaarts Jeroen D. , Grotenhuis J. André , Bartels Ronald H.M.A. , Beems Tjemme 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and performance of a synthetic dural sealant as an adjunct to standard surgical dural repair techniques to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.

METHODS:
This study was designed as a prospective, nonrandomized, single-center clinical trial. The dural sealant is a synthetic absorbable hydrogel. Consecutive series of patients scheduled for elective cranial and intradural spinal surgery were included until a total of 50 applications were achieved. It was used primarily as an adjunct to ensure watertight dural closure. The end point was defined as no leak with the Valsalva maneuver after dural sealant application. The patients were followed up for 3 months after surgery to check for CSF leakage, standard laboratory and neurological examinations, and possible adverse advents.

RESULTS:
Of the 49 patients, 46 were included and treated with the dural sealant because of spontaneous leak (n = 34; 69%) or leak after the Valsalva maneuver (n = 12; 25%). There was no leak in the other patients (n = 3; 6%). After application of the dural sealant, there was no leak in all 46 patients (100%). Of the 46 patients included, there was one case of overt CSF leak. One patient had a pseudomeningocele. There were no adverse events other than those related to the disease or to the surgical procedure itself.

CONCLUSION:
The dural sealant, a synthetic absorbable hydrogel, is a useful adjunct to achieve watertight dural closure. Application resulted in 100% closure of intraoperative CSF leaks. There are no evident adverse effects.
Capecitabine–Warfarin Interaction
Authors: Janney Laurel M , Waterbury Nancee V 
Published: July 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of concomitant warfarin therapy with consecutive cycles of capecitabine therapy, providing time of onset, magnitude, and assessment of the interaction. CASE SUMMARY: A 59-year-old man receiving chronic warfarin therapy for a mechanical mitral valve replacement was diagnosed with stage IV metastatic colon cancer. He was started on capecitabine/irinotecan after his cancer progressed with fluorouracil/leucovorin and the FOLFOX 6 regimen (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and continuous fluorouracil infusion). He received 3 consecutive cycles of capecitabine/irinotecan with concomitant oral anticoagulation and, with each cycle, the warfarin dose was reduced. Over the course of these 3 cycles, the total weekly dose of warfarin was reduced by >85%. DISCUSSION: The capecitabine–warfarin interaction is clinically significant, requiring a black box warning in the package insert. The mechanism of action for the interaction is not clear, but may be related to down-regulation of CYP2C9 by capecitabine or its metabolites or a pharmacodynamic interaction with warfarin. A common response to this interaction, as discussed in previously published case reports, is the discontinuation of warfarin, capecitabine, or both. In this case, the Naranjo probability scale indicates a highly probable drug interaction between warfarin and capecitabine. CONCLUSIONS: As more patients require anticoagulation, and as chemotherapy agents such as capecitabine become available, the likelihood for these drug interactions increases. In our patient, close monitoring of therapy allowed successful use of warfarin and capecitabine.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of Minoxidil (2,4-Diamino-6-Piperidinopyrimidine-3-Oxide) and Related Analogs
Authors: Chao R. S. , Thamann T. J. , Vail K. C. 
Published: July 2005

Tentative vibrational assignments for 2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine-3-oxide (minoxidil) between 4000 and 600 cm−1 have been made. Complementary infrared and Raman studies indicate that the two amino groups of minoxidil are not equivalent in the solid state. One of them is a free amino group, while the other is hydrogen bonded to the N-oxide. Vibrational spectroscopic analyses of minoxidil in different molecular environments, such as in polar solvents, aprotic solvents, and deuterium oxide, as well as in the pH = 1.5–12.5 range, have been performed to probe the structural variations generated by these conditions. Spectral comparison of minoxidil and its derivatives reveals that most spectral changes involve the amino and N-oxide functional groups. For instance, the N-oxide stretching vibration occurs at 1210 cm−1 in the solid state, but it shifts to 1193 cm−1 in polar solvents. The amino hydrogens of minoxidil and desoxyminoxidil (2,4-diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine) are readily exchanged with deuterium, as reflected in the ND2 stretching region (2600–2300 cm−1) in the infrared spectra of deuterated crystalline minoxidil and desoxyminoxidil. The similarity of band contours in the NH2 stretching region suggests that there are no structural alterations on deuteration for either minoxidil or desoxyminoxidil.
The SCO (OCS) edward—lemieux effect is controlled by a P‐orbital on oxygen. Evidence from electron momentum spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and density functional theory
Authors: Wolfe Saul , Shi Zheng 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe nature of the lone pairs in the series of molecules methyl propyl sulfide, dimethylthiomethane, methyl thiomethyl ether (MTME), dimethoxy‐methane, and methyl propyl ether has been examined experimentally by the techniques of electron momentum spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. Although the HOMO of MTME is found to be a p‐orbital on sulfur, it is the p‐orbital on oxygen that controls the Edward—Lemieux effect (the anomeric effect) in this molecule through a combination of both stabilizing and destabilizing interactions with C–S orbitals.
Catch and Harvest by Fishing Guides Compared with Other Anglers in Five Central Minnesota Lakes
Authors: Knapp Michael L. , Goeman Timothy J. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Popular opinion assumes that guides and guided anglers are more successful in catching and harvesting fish than other anglers are. Using creel survey data obtained during 1999–2000, we compared the fishing success of guides and their clients with that of other anglers targeting walleyes Sander vitreus on five lakes managed for walleyes near Brainerd, Minnesota. Effort from guided trips ranged from 1.0% to 4.6% of the total angler-hours in each lake, resulting in 5.2–22.6% of the total walleye harvest. Guided-trip catch rates were 2.6– 4.7 times greater than catch rates of unguided trips made by walleye anglers, and harvest rates for guided trips were 2.5–5.8 times greater than those of unguided trips. The consequences of guided harvest on these fisheries are unknown at this time, but this study provides insight into the success of guided trips and the potential effects exerted by a relatively small segment of the angling population.
Retrospective Evaluation of Preseason Forecasting Models for Pink Salmon
Authors: Haeseker Steven L. , Peterman Randall M. , Su Zhenming , Wood Chris C. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
Models for making preseason forecasts of adult abundance are an important component of the management of many stocks of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Reliable forecasts could increase both the profits from fisheries and the probability of achieving conservation and other management targets. However, the predictive performance of salmon forecasting models is generally poor, in part because of the high variability in salmon survival rates. To improve the accuracy of forecasts, we retrospectively evaluated the performance of eight preseason forecasting models for 43 stocks of pink salmon O. gorbuscha over a total of 783 stock-years. The results indicate that no single forecasting model was consistently the most accurate. Nevertheless, across the 43 stocks we found that two naïve time series models (i.e., those without explicitly modeled mechanisms) most frequently performed best based on mean raw error, mean absolute error, mean percent error, and root mean square error for forecasts of total adult recruits. In many cases, though, the best-performing model depended on the stock and performance measure used for ranking. In 21% of the stocks, a new multistock, mixed-effects stock–recruitment model that included early-summer sea surface temperature as an independent variable along with spawner abundance demonstrated the best performance based on root mean square error. The best-performing model for each pink salmon stock explained on average only 20% of the observed variation in recruitment. Owing to the uncertainty in forecasts, a strong precautionary approach should be taken to achieve conservation and management targets for pink salmon on the West Coast of North America.
Bleaching
Authors: Taylor Dennis R. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractTraditionally, bleaching refers to that process by which colored pigments are removed from fats and oils by adsorption onto bleaching earth. Of course, certain noncolored constituents are also removed as well. In fact, the removal of particular colored and noncolored constituents during bleaching is necessary if high‐quality oil is to be produced. In this chapter, the idea of bleaching as primarily an adsorptive purification process is developed. Four key aspects are addressed: (1) the use of adsorptive purification agents, (2) the adsorptive removal of targeted constituents, (3) practical means and methods for achieving optimal efficiency and efficacy from the bleaching process, and (4) approaches for dealing with spent adsorbents.The properties and preparation of the main adsorptive purification agents used in the bleaching process (activated carbon, bleaching earth, and silica hydrogel) are discussed; differences between acid‐activated and natural bleaching earths and the types of clays used in their manufacture are delineated. The effects of various trace constituents (and contaminants) on oil quality, and the nature and specificity of their interaction with surface‐active (adsorption) sites are described. In particular, the control that noncolored constituents (phospholipids, soaps, free fatty acids, peroxides) exert over the adsorption of colored pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll, pheophytins) is elucidated. Optimal bleaching practices and filtration conditions (“press bleach effect”) as well as processes and equipment for achieving maximum efficiency from the bleaching process are described. Finally, various tactics regarding spent filter cake, including utilization/disposal, best methods to recover retained oils, and control over smoldering, are examined.
Canola Oil
Authors: Przybylski R. , Mag T. , Eskin N.A.M. , McDonald B.E. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract
During the past two decades, canola oil, a modified rapeseed oil, has become one of the main commodity oils around the world. Rapeseed oil is still produced and used as industrial oil mainly for nonfood uses, with the exception of China and India, where it is used in food applications. In this chapter, the following aspects of canola/rapeseed oil are discussed: origin, detailed composition, physical properties, extraction, refining, processing, food utilization, nutritional properties, production of seeds and oils, canola/rapeseed as biodiesel, greases, and machine oils.
Fat Crystal Networks
Authors: Rye Geoffrey G. , Litwinenko Jerrold W. , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper reviews the identification of the various levels of structure present in milk fat crystal networks, and the development of analytical techniques to quantify these levels. The relationship of the various levels of structure to macroscopic physical indicators of the mechanical strength of the network is discussed. The analysis of the microstructural level of the network via fractal geometrical methods is outlined, as well as mechanical models relating the structure to mechanical properties. The effect of processing conditions on the different levels of structure and mechanical properties also discussed.
Flavor Components of Fats and Oils
Authors: Ho Chi‐Tang , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMost of the flavor compounds in fats and oils are produced by the oxidation reaction of unsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides or polar lipids. The development of objectionable flavor compounds by oxidation has significant detrimental effects on consumer acceptability of edible oils. The mechanisms for the formation of major flavor compounds in fats and oils are discussed. The important desirable and undesirable flavor compounds in butter, cocoa butter, lard, soybean oil, olive oil, fish oil, and sesame oil are reviewed.
Lecithins
Authors: Szuhaj Bernard F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractLecithin is a novel natural material that has multifunctional properties. Original material was isolated from egg yolk and is found in significant quantities in brain and nervous tissue. Actually lecithin is a normal constituent in all cell membranes. The main source today is found in soybeans and is commercially available in many colors, viscosities, and functionalities. This article gives a detailed description of the nature and composition of lecithin and its manufacture and uses.Lecithin has been an amphoteric surfactant for centuries but was not commercialized until soy processing started in the 1930's. It has many food applications and is also used in pharmaceutical preparations and natural food products. Lecithin has some unique properties in industrial applications from paints to fuel additives. The most prevalent use today is in chocolate and margarine manufacture and in nutritional beverages and supplements.