bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YouTube™ as a source of parents' information for craniosynostosis
Authors: Samur Erguven Sara , Topsakal Kubra Gulnur , Aksoy Merve 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the content, reliability and quality levels of YouTube™ videos regarding craniosynostosis for parents' information.MethodsA keyword search for ‘craniosynostosis’ was conducted on YouTube, and the uniform resource locators of the first 160 videos were initially recorded and evaluated. Ninety‐four videos that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. Each video received a score ranging from 0 to 9 points, classifying them as low‐content (0‐3), moderate‐content (4‐6) and high‐content (7‐9). The reliability scores adapted from DISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS) scores were recorded.ResultsThe median content score for the videos was 4. According to the content scores, 34% of included videos (n = 32) were classified as low‐content, 60.6% (n = 57) as moderate‐content, and 5.3% (n = 5) as high‐content. The median reliability score for the videos was 3, and the median GQS score was 3. The reliability and quality levels of videos classified as high‐content and moderate‐content were significantly superior to low‐content videos (P < .05). Laypersons were identified as the most frequent source of information in the videos. However, most of the videos lacked information about syndromic/non‐syndromic forms and specific complications. The importance of early referral/timing of surgery and minimally invasive surgical treatment techniques was mentioned in all high‐content videos.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that YouTube™ in its current format, is not a fully trustable source for parents seeking information on craniosynostosis. Craniofacial units must increase the content, quality and reliability level of videos on craniosynostosis.
Cryoballoon ablation of non‐PV triggers in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Çöteli Cem , Dural Muhammet , Yorgun Hikmet , Aytemir Kudret 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCryoballoon‐based catheter ablation has emerged as an efficacious and safe therapeutic intervention for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). PAF is primarily associated with the triggers in the pulmonary vein (PV). However, persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) is a complex condition that involves changes in the atrial substrate and the presence of non‐PV triggers. Therefore, a comprehensive treatment approach is necessary for patients with PeAF. Utilizing a 3D electroanatomical map, the radiofrequency‐based ablation technique adeptly identifies and targets the atrial substrate and non‐PV triggers. On the other hand, the cryoballoon‐based AF ablation was initially designed for PV isolation. However, its single‐shot feature makes it a great choice for electrophysiologists looking to address non‐PV triggers. It is possible to target the left atrial appendage (LAA), superior vena cava (SVC), left atrial roof, and posterior wall using the apparatus's unique configuration and ablation abilities. This review focuses on the increasing literature regarding cryoballoon‐based methods for non‐PV trigger ablation. Specifically, it delves into the technical procedures used to isolate the LAA, SVC, and ablate the left atrial roof and posterior wall.
Efficacy and safety of perioperative ketamine for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Abouarab Ahmed H. , Brülle Rebecca , Aboukilila Mohamed Y. , Weibel Stephanie , Schnabel Alexander 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveAssessment of the efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous ketamine in reducing incidence and severity of chronic postsurgical pain.Study DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data SourcesThe following data sources were systematically searched: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE (till 02/2021).PatientsAdult patients undergoing any surgery.InterventionsPerioperative use of intravenous ketamine as an additive analgesic drug compared to placebo, no active control treatment, and other additive drugs.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were number of patients with chronic postsurgical pain after 6 months and ketamine related adverse effects. Secondary outcomes were chronic postsurgical pain incidence after 3 and 12 months, chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain incidence, chronic postsurgical moderate to severe pain incidence, intensity of chronic postsurgical pain at rest, and during movement, oral morphine consumption after 3, 6, and 12 months and incidence of opioid‐related adverse effects.Main ResultsThirty‐six RCTs were included with a total of 3572 patients. Ketamine compared to placebo may result in no difference in the number of patients with chronic postsurgical pain after 6 months (risk ratio (RR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.05; I2 = 34%; 16 studies; low‐certainty evidence). Ketamine may reduce the incidence of chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain after 3 months in comparison to placebo (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.99, I2 = 31%, seven trials, low‐certainty evidence). Ketamine compared to placebo may increase the risk for postoperative nystagmus (RR 9.04, 95% CI 1.15–70.90, I2 30%, two trials, low‐certainty evidence) and postoperative visual disturbances (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05–4.99, I2 10%, seven trials, low‐certainty evidence).ConclusionsThere is low‐certainty evidence that perioperative ketamine has no effect on chronic postsurgical pain in adult patients. Low‐certainty evidence suggests that ketamine compared to placebo may reduce incidence of chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain after 3 months. Questions like ideal dosing, treatment duration and more patient‐related outcome measures remain unanswered, which warrants further studies.Protocol RegistrationProspero CRD42021223625, 07.01.2021.
Association between residents' scholarly activities and publication requirement policy
Authors: Nakao Hiro , Nomura Osamu , Yoshihara Shigemi , Yoshikawa Tetsushi ,   Japan Pediatric Society Steering Committee for Board Examinations, Ishiguro Akira 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundScholarship is recognized as important in residency training worldwide. The Japan Pediatric Society (JPS) enacted a reform in 2017 to require publication of an article as a prerequisite for taking the board certification test, with the goal of increasing scholarly activity.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of the trends in residents' scholarly activities related to the JPS reform. A secondary analysis was performed on the cross‐sectional database of pediatrics residents who took the certification test in 2015–2018.ResultsThe enrolled participants were 2399 residents of which 79.7% passed the test. Publication of any type of article increased significantly (21%–22% to 100%; 0.1 to 0.3/person‐year) after the implementation of the JPS reform, whereas academic presentations did not (89% to 91%; 1.2 to 1.3/person‐year), both in terms of the percentage of the number of those who created them and the average rate of research production. Not only Japanese articles (11%–13% to 49%–53%; 0.04 to 0.15–0.17/person‐year) or case reports (10%–14% to 51%–52%; 0.03–0.05 to 0.16–0.17/person‐year), but also English articles (4%–5% to 15%–16%; 0.01–0.02 to 0.05/person‐year) and original articles (5% to 11%–17%; 0.01 to 0.03–0.05/person‐year) increased significantly. The number of each type of article publication was correlated with success in the board certification test (odds ratio 1.5–1.8).ConclusionsScholarly activities of pediatrics residents were enhanced by the JPS implementation of the article requirement policy, which is crucial to fostering a scholarly culture. The most efficient measures to promote scholarship need to be persistently investigated.
Attitudes and perceptions toward COVID‐19 virus and vaccines among a Somali population in Northern Wisconsin
Authors: Alasagheirin Mohammad , Canales Mary K. , Decker Ellie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID‐19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID‐19 vaccination rates.MethodsThrough qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim with subsequent transcripts reviewed and analyzed by the research team to identify themes.ResultsThe overarching theme was Protecting self, others, and community. Most participants accepted vaccinations, and the COVID‐19 vaccine specifically, to protect themselves, others, and their community. Factors contributing to vaccine update included trusting local messengers, including public health nurses; valuing collective memory associated with previous communicable disease outbreaks; believing religion supported vaccine protective actions; and following recommended government and media advice.ConclusionStudy results suggest strategies for increasing community outreach to newly resettled refugee and immigrant minority groups, establishing trust between community members, nurses, and other public health personnel, and facilitators for connecting health messaging to Somali cultural and religious beliefs to promote public health and safety.
Dark septate endophyte inoculation enhances antioxidant activity in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under heat stress
Authors: Bi Yinli , Xue Zike 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe influence of dark septate endophytic (DSE) on the antioxidant activity of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under heat stress was investigated. A. membranaceus plants, with or without DSE inoculation, were grown at 28°C for 8 weeks in a greenhouse and subsequently subjected to heat stress conditions (42°C) in an artificial climate chamber. DSE inoculation significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content during the initial three days of heat stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of A. membranaceus leaves were significantly enhanced by DSE inoculation under heat stress, with SOD activities being 63–81% higher than in other treatments. The glutathione (GSH) and putrescine (Put) contents accumulated significantly on the third day under heat stress with DSE inoculation. Additionally, the contents of soluble sugars and proline (Pro) exhibited significant increases on the seventh day of heat stress and were 33–55% and 81–83% higher than in other treatments, respectively. Three‐way ANOVA shows that DSE inoculation under heat stress exerted a significant impact on MDA. Multivariate linear regression and structural equality modelling (SEM) further show that the interaction among these antioxidants significantly decreased MDA content and maintained the normal function of cell membranes. In conclusion, DSE inoculation enhanced the heat tolerance of A. membranaceus by boosting its antioxidant capacity and reducing MDA production. This study highlights the potential of utilizing DSE as a strategy to enhance plant heat tolerance.
On depositional processes governing along‐strike facies variations of fine‐grained deposits: Unlocking the Little Ice Age subaqueous clinothems on the Adriatic shelf
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio , Sammartino Irene , Schieber Juergen , Tesi Tommaso , Paladini de Mendoza Francesco , Rossi Veronica , Chiggiato Jacopo , Schroeder Katrin , Gallerani Andrea , Langone Leonardo , Trincardi Fabio , Amorosi Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTDepositional processes recorded by shelf deposits may vary widely along‐strike, depending largely on the mode of delivery and deposition of sediments to the basin. In fine‐grained systems in particular, depositional processes are difficult to reconstruct with standard facies analysis of sediment cores due to the ostensibly featureless and homogenous appearance of muds. In this study, sedimentological, palaeontological, geochemical, and oceanographic data were combined in a detailed characterization of depositional conditions via sedimentary structures, type of organic matter, trace‐metal geochemistry, and benthic fauna assemblages (foraminifera and ostracods) along the 600 km long shelf delta clinothems of the West Adriatic shelf (Italy). Processes inferred from sedimentary facies and micro‐structures were then considered in the context of the modern Adriatic oceanographic regime. Specific attention was given to the Little Ice Age stratigraphic unit (1500–1850 ce), which contains a continuum of genetically related fine‐grained strata. The Little Ice Age deposit offers the opportunity to examine a source‐to‐sink system with the high resolution typical of modern analogues, at a time interval when Apennine rivers were not yet hydraulically engineered with man‐made sediment traps along their trunks. Individual beds within the Little Ice Age muddy prodelta form hectometre to kilometre‐wide bedsets that reflect the interplay between energetic meteo‐ocean conditions (storm‐dominated beds), flood supply (river‐dominated beds or hyperpycnites) and along‐shelf bottom‐current dispersion (drift‐dominated beds). The multidisciplinary approach applied at different scales of observations helped in understanding sediment provenance and the relative timing of sediment transport before final burial that strongly promoted organic matter oxygen exposure and the loss of carbon by microbial degradation. Overall, the distinctive depositional processes that acted in concert along the prodelta slope produced a subtle lateral heterogeneity of preserved sedimentary structures, faunal associations, and organic matter composition in a laterally‐continuous lithostratigraphic unit deposited at centennial scale. These findings have implications on the forcing conditions that ultimately control the location and nature of fine‐grained beds in both modern and ancient, mud‐dominated depositional systems.
Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance: A study on carbon cloth/TiO2 and carbon cloth/CuO electrodes
Authors: Lotfi Mojdeh , Younesi Habibollah , Roshanravan Bita , Bahramifar Nader , Pontié Maxime , Shabani Mehri , Tabatabaei Meisam , Nazerifar Maryam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study confirmed the efficacy of modified electrode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and generating electricity using wastewater from industrial meat processing. The findings of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that applying CuO particles to carbon cloth (CC) significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance, resulting in improved electrochemical performance. In the batch experiment, the MFCs were conducted by applying different electrodes and Nafion‐117 as a proton exchange membrane (PEM). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed to study the development of metal oxide on the electrode surface. The MFC operating with the CC/CuO electrode achieved a maximum COD removal (74.6%), which was attained at the peak power output of 82.56 mW/m2 and the greatest current density of 213.33 mA/m2, as indicated by the polarization curve data. In light of these findings, coating CuO on the CC anode promotes electron transfer, enhances the electrode's conductivity and increases its electrochemical surface area. In summary, the findings of this study hold significant implications for sustainable electricity production and remarkable effects on environmental quality, highlighting the strategic importance of the research approach and outputs in addressing global energy and environmental challenges.
Cardiorespiratory adaptations in small cetaceans and marine mammals
Authors: Fahlman Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe dive response, or the ‘master switch of life’, is probably the most studied physiological trait in marine mammals and is thought to conserve the available O2 for the heart and brain. Although generally thought to be an autonomic reflex, several studies indicate that the cardiovascular changes during diving are anticipatory and can be conditioned. The respiratory adaptations, where the aquatic breathing pattern resembles intermittent breathing in land mammals, with expiratory flow exceeding 160 litres s−1 has been measured in cetaceans, and where exposure to extreme pressures results in alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and recruitment upon ascent. Cardiorespiratory coupling, where breathing results in changes in heart rate, has been proposed to improve gas exchange. Cardiorespiratory coupling has also been reported in marine mammals, and in the bottlenose dolphin, where it alters both heart rate and stroke volume. When accounting for this respiratory dependence on cardiac function, several studies have reported an absence of a diving‐related bradycardia except during dives that exceed the duration that is fuelled by aerobic metabolism. This review summarizes what is known about the respiratory physiology in marine mammals, with a special focus on cetaceans. The cardiorespiratory coupling is reviewed, and the selective gas exchange hypothesis is summarized, which provides a testable mechanism for how breath‐hold diving vertebrates may actively prevent uptake of N2 during routine dives, and how stress results in failure of this mechanism, which results in diving‐related gas emboli.
Concepciones del lenguaje figurado en educación inicial. Retos y desafíos
Authors: Marulanda-Páez Elena , Pérez-Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Gómez-Hernández Félix Antonio 
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo fue develar las concepciones docentes sobre el lenguaje figurado. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo con veinte maestras de Bogotá.Los resultados son mayormente afines a las teorías contemporáneas en cuanto a la utilidad que asignan a lo figurado en la educación inicial, los requisitos que perciben como necesarios para su adquisición y los efectos de no comprenderlo adecuadamente. Sus creencias son cercanas a la teoría pragmática estándar, solamente en las relaciones y diferencias que perciben entre lenguaje figurado y literal y en el lugar que asignan a lo figurado en la ciencia.
X-Ray Flow Visualization: Techniques and Applications
Authors: Heindel Theodore (Ted) J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multiphase flows, defined as a discrete phase in a continuous fluid phase, are found in many natural, industrial, and consumer flows, from rainfall and avalanches to petroleum processing and fuel combustion to cookie dough mixing and pasta making. Many of these flows have an interior that is hidden from optical flow measurements, and intrusive probes can modify the flows of interest. Noninvasive measurement techniques, like X-ray flow visualization, provide a means to visualize and quantify the flow conditions in areas obstructed by visual access. Additionally, X-rays are unlikely to modify or alter the flow of interest. This paper reviews various X-ray flow visualization techniques, including those using X-rays from tube sources, electron guns, and synchrotron sources. X-ray fundamentals are first reviewed. Then, various X-ray imaging techniques are highlighted, and applications of those techniques are summarized using several multiphase flow examples. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are provided and the unique flow features that can be captured with X-ray flow visualization are summarized. As detailed, X-ray flow visualization is a powerful tool for multiphase flow visualization and characterization, particularly when the flow of interest has limited or no optical access.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 profiles and anti-relapse efficacy of tafenoquine against
Plasmodium vivax
in Australian Defence Force personnel
Authors: Dowd Simone , Chen Nanhua , Gatton Michelle L. , Edstein Michael D. , Cheng Qin 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Plasmodium vivax
infections and relapses remain a major health problem for malaria-endemic countries, deployed military personnel, and travelers. Presumptive anti-relapse therapy and radical cure using the 8-aminoquinoline drugs primaquine and tafenoquine are necessary to prevent relapses. Although it has been demonstrated that the efficacy of primaquine is associated with Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity, there is insufficient data on the role of CYP2D6 in the anti-relapse efficacy of tafenoquine. We investigated the relationship between CYP2D6 activity status and tafenoquine efficacy in preventing
P. vivax
relapses retrospectively using plasma samples collected from Australian Defence Force personnel deployed to Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste who participated in clinical trials of tafenoquine during 1999–2001. The CYP2D6 gene was amplified from plasma samples and fully sequenced from 92 participant samples, comprised of relapse (
n
= 31) and non-relapse (
n
= 61) samples, revealing 14 different alleles. CYP2D6 phenotypes deduced from combinations of CYP2D6 alleles predicted that among 92 participants 67, 15, and 10 were normal, intermediate, and poor metabolizers, respectively. The deduced CYP2D6 phenotype did not correlate with the corresponding participant’s plasma tafenoquine concentrations that were determined in the early 2000s by high-performance liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the deduced CYP2D6 phenotype did not associate with
P. vivax
relapse outcomes. Our results indicate that CYP2D6 does not affect plasma tafenoquine concentrations and the efficacy of tafenoquine in preventing
P. vivax
relapses in the assessed Australian Defence Force personnel.
In vitro
manogepix susceptibility testing of South African
Emergomyces africanus, Emergomyces pasteurianus
, and
Blastomyces emzantsi
clinical isolates
Authors: Nzimande Silondiwe P. , Govender Nelesh P. , Maphanga Tsidiso G. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

We performed
in vitro
antifungal susceptibility testing of manogepix against the yeast phase of 78
Emergomyces africanus
, 2
Emergomyces pasteurianus,
and 5
Blastomyces emzantsi
isolates using a reference broth microdilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. All three pathogens had low minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from <0.0005 to 0.008 mg/L. Manogepix should be investigated in animal models and potentially in future human clinical trials for endemic mycoses.
Magnetron Deposition of Barium Hexaferrite Films from a Target of Stoichiometric Composition
Authors: Luzanov V. A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A technique is proposed for obtaining films of barium hexaferrite on sapphire with (0001) orientation by high-frequency magnetron sputtering of a stoichiometric BaFe12O19 target followed by annealing. The X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectrometry carried out showed the possibility of crystallization of oriented films without using correction of the target composition.