bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antagonistic activity and binding properties of SR 95531, a pyridazinl‐GABA derivative, in rat brain and cultured cerebellar neuronal cells
Authors: Ito Yoshihisa , Koshiba Tamami , Doi Masayo , Asami Satoru , Fukuda Hideomi , Murakoshi Yoshie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractExperiments were performed to characterze the antagonistic activity and binding properties of SR 95531 [2‐(3′carbethoxy‐2′‐propyl)‐3‐amino‐6‐paramethoxy‐phenyl‐piridazinium bromide] in rat brain. SR 95531 and bicuculline methiodide inhibited muscimol‐stimulated 36Cl− uptake in cortical synaptoneurosomes in a concentration‐dependent manner. The inhibitory potency of SR 95531 for the muscimol‐stimulated 36Cl− uptake was 15 times higher than that of bicuculline methiodide. Scatchard plots of binding isotherms exhibited two apparent binding sites for [3H]SR 95531 in both the frontal cortex and cerebellum. The IC50 value of SR 95531 for muscimol‐stimulated 36Cl− uptake into cortical synaptoneurosomes was in close agreement with the KD value of low‐affinity binding sites of [3H]SR 95531 in the frontal cortex. Pretreatment of the membranes with phospholipase A2 invariably decreased [3H]SR 95531 binding in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. On the other hand, the treatment significantly increased [3H]γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) binding in a concentration‐dependent manner in the frontal cortex. Although lower concentrations of phospholipase A2 did not affect [3H]GABA binding in the cerebellum, treatment with higher concentrations of phospholipase A2 increased the binding in this region. Specific binding of [3H]SR 95531 was also detected in cultures rich in cerebellar granule cells. Pretreatment with phospholipase A2 affected the binding of [3H]GABA and [3H]SR 95531 in these cells, as in the case of the cerebellum. These effects of phospholipase A2 on the binding of [3H]GABA and [3H]SR 95531 were partially prevented by the addition of delipidated bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, the products generated by the catalytic activity of phospholipase A2, such as arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine, mimicked the effects of phospholipase A2 on the binding of [3H]GABA and [3H]SR 95531. These results suggest that SR 95531 exerts GABA‐antagonistic action through its low‐affinity binding site, and that exogenously added phospholipase A2 induces the conversion of GABAA receptors into the agonist‐preferential conformation by the materials produced by phospholipase A2.
Inhibition of A9 and A10 dopamine cells by the cholecystokinin‐B antagonist LY262691: Mediation through feedback pathways from forebrain sites
Authors: Rasmussen Kurt , Howbert J. Jeffry , Stockton Marsha E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe diphenylpyrazolidinone cholecystokinin‐B (CCK‐B) antagonist LY262691 has been shown to decrease the number of spontaneously active dopamine (DA) cells in the ventral tegmental area (Al0) and substantia nigra (A9) of the anesthetized rat. In the present study, we examined the localization of the receptors mediating these effects of LY262691 on A9 and A10 DA cells. In one group of anesthetized rats, the effects of systemic administration of LY 262691 on the number of spontaneously active A9 or A10 DA cells was determined using extracellular, single‐unit recordings after radio frequency lesions were placed in the nucleus accumbens, caudate‐putamen, or medial prefrontal cortex. Lesions of the caudate‐putamen blocked the effects of systemically administered LY262691 on the number of spontaneously active A9, but not A10, DA cells. Conversely, lesions of the n. accumbens blocked the effects of systemically administered LY262691 on A10, but not. A9, DA cells. Lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex blocked the effects of systemically administered LY262691 on both A9 and A10 DA cells. In a separate group of anesthetized rats, the number of spontaneously active A9 or A10 DA cells was determined after LY262691 was microinjected into the n. accumbens, caudate‐putamen, or medial prefrontal cortex. Microinjection of LY262691 into the caudate‐putamen led to a significant decrease in the number of spontaneously active A9, but not A10, DA cells. Conversely, microinjection of LY262691 into the n. accumbens or medial prefrontal cortex led to a significant decrease in the number of spontaneously active A10, but not A9, DA cells. Microinjection of a structurally related CCK‐A antagonist (LY219057) into the n. accumbens or medial prefrontal cortex did not affect the number of spontaneously active A10 DA cells, and microinjection of LY219057 into the caudate‐putamen did not affect the number of spontaneously active A9 DA cells. These results indicate that, consistent with known feedback pathways between forebrain structures and midbrain DA neurons, the effects of LY262691 on A9 cells are mediated, at least in part, by antagonism of CCK‐B receptors in the caudate‐putamen, whereas the effects of LY262691 on A10 cells are mediated, at least in part, by antagonism of CCK‐B receptors in the n. accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Descending efferent connections of the sub‐pallidal areas in the cat: Projections to the subthalamic nucleus, the hypothalamus, and the midbrain
Authors: Spooren Will P. J. M. , Veening Jan G. , Cools Alexander R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe efferent connections of the sub‐pallidal regions to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the midbrain were investigated in the cat, using Phaseolus vulgaris—leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L) as an anterograde label. The results indicate that the sub‐pallidal regions of the cat project to the (dorso)medial tip of the subthalamic nucleus and the adjoining lateral hypotha‐lamic area as well as to the ventral tegmental area and the greater extent of the dorsolateral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Extensive projections were also found to the peripeduncular nucleus. The central gray as well as the mesencephalic locomotor region receive some input from the basal forebrain too. In contrast only very limited projections were found to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. The results are discussed in view of the possible role of these output regions in oro‐facial dyskinesia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of the uptake of [3H]paroxetine in the rat brain
Authors: Cumming Paul , Gjedde Albert 
Published: January 2005

AbstractParoxetine, an antidepressant with a high affinity for serotonin (5‐HT) re‐uptake sites, is a potential tracer of these sites. We determined the kinetic properties of [3H]paroxetine in rat brain in vivo. Relative to [14C]iodo‐antipyrine, the brain uptake index (BUI) of [3H]paroxetine was 60–70%. The unidirectional blood clearance of [3H]paroxetine were 0.05–0.12 ml g−1 min−1, lower than expected from the BUI values. The steady state volume of distribution was 3.5 ml hg−1 in the diencephalon and 1.8 ml −1 in the cerebellum, suggesting a binding potential of unity. Autoradiographs at four hours after [3H] paroxetine injection (300 μCi, i.p.) revealed heterogenous binding consistent with the calculated binding potentials. Binding was nearly absent from cerebellum and was highest in the dorsal raphé, superior colliculus, dorsal hypothalamus, and entorhinal cortex, but did not reach equilibrium in four hours of tracer circulation. The specific binding relative to vermis was displaced by pretreatment with fluonotino (10 mg/kg, i.p.). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Effects of calcium channel blockers on stimulation‐induced changes in transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction
Authors: Zengel Janet E. , Lee David T. , Sosa Maria A. , Mosier Dennis R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have examined the effects of various calcium channel blockers on stimulation‐induced changes in end‐plate potential (EPP) amplitude at the frog neuro‐muscular junction. We found that the addition of small concentrations (1–10 μM) of Cd2+ to the low calcium bathing Ringer reduced both the control EPP amplitude and the increase in EPP amplitude that normally occurs during repetitive stimulation under low quantal conditions. These effects of Cd2+, which developed rapidly following its addition to the bathing solution and were equally rapidly reversed, resulted from changes in the amount of transmitter released from the nerve terminal. The major effect of Cd2+ appeared to be on the facilitation and augmentation components of increased release. Cd2+ had little or no effect on potentiation of release. The other divalent cations tested, Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, also decreased both control EPP amplitude and the stimulation‐induced increase in EPP amplitude, but higher concentrations (>100 μM) of these cations were required. The order of effectiveness in reducing stimulation‐induced increases in EPP amplitude was: Cd2+ >>> Co2+, Zn2+ > Ni2+. The organic calcium channel blockers ver‐apamil (20–100 μM) and nimodipine (20–50 μM) had little effect on stimulation‐induced increases in EPP amplitude. The results of this study are consistent with previous suggestions that the different components of increased release represent different mechanisms. Furthermore, if Cd2+ is acting by reducing Ca2+ entry into the nerve terminal, then these results suggest that facilitation and augmentation are dependent in some way on Ca2+ entry. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in long‐term potentiation in CA1 of rat hippocampal slices
Authors: Izumi Yukitoshi , Zorumski Charles F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLong‐term potentiation (LTP) was examined in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices at postnatal day 9 (P9), P15, P30, P60, P90, P120, and P300. A single 100 Hz × 1 sec tetanus failed to induce LTP in P9 slices, while similar degrees of LTP were observed at P15, P30, and P60. At P30, changes in population spike (PS) amplitudes were accurately predicted by changes in dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). However, at P15, the predicted increase in PS calculated from corresponding changes in dendritic EPSPs was significantly less than the observed increase, suggesting that EPSP‐PS dissociation (ES‐dissociation) plays a substantial role in LTP at P15. Additionally, the corresponding changes in somatic EPSP height measured in the CA1 cell layer did not predict the E‐S dissociation at P15, suggesting that the E‐S dissociation arises largely from changes in the excitability of the soma. Using a single 100 Hz × 1 sec tetanus, LTP proved difficult to induce in slices from rats ≥ P90, with slices showing initial enhancement that faded over 60 min of monitoring. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeated quinpirole treatment: Locomotor activity, dopamine synthesis, and effects of selective dopamine antagonists
Authors: Rowlett James K. , Mattingly Bruce A. , Bardo Michael T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRepeated treatment with the non‐selective dopamine agonist apomorphine results in behavioral sensitization and enhanced dopamine synthesis in dopamine projection fields. To examine the role of D2‐type dopamine receptors in modulating these effects, the present experiment assessed the effects of repeated treatment with the D2‐type agonist quinpirole on locomotor activity and dopamine synthesis. In the first experiment, rats were treated with vehicle or one of two doses (0.3 or 3.0 mg/kg) of quinpirole for 8 days. Daily measures of locomotor activity revealed an initial suppression of activity produced by quinpirole which dissipated over the 8 days of treatment. A trend for an increase in activity for 3.0 mg/kg quinpirole compared to vehicle was obtained on day 8. Twenty‐four hours after cessation of treatment, dopamine synthesis, measured as accumulation of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) after treatment with the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor NSD‐1015, was enhanced in the striatum, but not nucleus accumbensolfactory tubercle (NAOT) or ventral mesencephalon (VM). In Experiment 2, rats were treated for 8 days with vehicle, 3.0 mg/kg quinpirole or the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.5 mg/kg) in a two (vehicle or quinpirole) × two (vehicle or SCH 23390) design. Quinpirolealone treatment resulted in a reduction of the locomotor suppressant effects of the drug. SCH 23390‐alone and quinpirole‐SCH 23390 combined treatment resulted in decreased activity compared to the vehicle control group that did not change across days. DOPA accumulation was enhanced in the striatum and NAOT after quinpirole treatment; however, SCH 23390 had no effect. In Experiment 3, rats were treated for 10 days with vehicle, 3.0 mg/kg quinpirole or the D2 antagonist eticlopride (1.0 mg/kg) in a two (vehicle or quinpirole) × two (vehicle or eticlopride) design. As in the first two experiments, repeated quinpirolealone treatment resulted in a reduction of the locomotor suppressant effects of the drug; however, locomotor activity in this group was enhanced compared to vehicle controls on day 10. Eticlopridealone and eticlopride‐quinpirole treated rats had suppressed locomotor activity across the 10 days. DOPA accumulation was enhanced by both repeated quinpirole and repeated eticlopride treatment in the striatum and NAOT. DOPA accumulation in eticlopride‐quinpirole treated rats was not different from vehicle control levels in the NAOT, while no significant difference was obtained between the eticlopridealone and eticlopride‐quinpirole groups in the striatum. The locomotor activity data suggest that repeated quinpirole treatment results in tolerance to the locomotor suppressant effect of the drug. Evidence for sensitization was obtained in two out of three of the experiments. These results suggest that enhanced dopamine synthesis after repeated non‐selective dopamine agonist treatment is modulated by D2‐type dopamine receptors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny of the effect of antipsychotic drug treatment on neurotensin concentrations in the rat brain
Authors: Kinkead Becky , Owens Michael J. , Nemeroff Charles B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIt has been well documented that treatment with haloperidol and other typical antipsychotic drugs increase neurotensin (NT) concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus in adult rats. The NT neuronal system has been found to undergo distinct age‐related changes in the rat brain, and therefore, it is of interest to examine the ontogeny of the effects of antipsychotic drug treatment on NT concentrations. In order to determine when, or if, antipsychotic drug treatment has an effect on NT‐containing neurons in the developing rat, rat pups received a single dose of haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle at 9, 14, or 20 days after birth. Regional brain NT concentrations were then measured using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Treatment with haloperidol had no effect on NT concentrations in any brain region in 10‐day‐old rat pups. At 15 days of age, haloperidol significantly increased NT concentrations in the caudate nucleus (120% of control, P < 0.05). At 21 days of age, haloperidol increased NT concentrations in the caudate nucleus (193% of control, P < 0.001) and nucleus accumbens (126% of control, P < 0.005) similar to that seen in adult animals. There were no statistically significant gender‐related differences found in any age or treatment group studied. These findings indicate that there is a specific time point during postnatal development when rat brain NT systems become responsive to antipsychotic drug administration. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Das elektromotorische Verhalten des Aluminiums. Zur Arbeit N. Dhar: Eigenartige Erscheinungen im elektromotorischen Verhalten einiger Metalle
Authors: Müller Robert , Hölzl Franz 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEs wurden die Potentiale von unter der Lösung blank geschabtem sowie amalgamiertem Aluminium in Elektrolyten verschiedener Al‐Ionenkonzentration in qualitativer Übereinstimmung mit der Nernstschen Theorie gefunden.
Über den Einfluß Von Temperatur und Konstitution auf die Spaltungsgeschwindigkeit substituierter Malonsäuren
Authors: Jakubowicz Heinrich 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDer durch graphische Extrapolation von Bernoulli und Wege gefundene Temperaturpunkt der unteren Grenze des meßbaren Zerfalls für Malonsäure liegt, wie meine Versuche bestätigen, bei 66°.
Metallographische Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen. CIV. Über die Diffusion des Kohlenstoffs in Metalle und in die Mischkristalle des Eisens
Authors: Tammann G. , Schönert K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEs konnte gezeigt werden, daß das Fe hinsichtlich seines Verhaltens gegen C eine vor den Metallen Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V, Si und Pt bevorzugte Stellung einnimmt, indem der C in Fe schon bei 750° hineindiffundiert, während bis 980° der C in die übrigen Metalle nicht hineinwandert.
Beitrag zur neueren Auffassung der Elektrolyte IV. Der Dissoziationszustand von mittelstarken Säuren, besonders der Dichloressigsäure, in Wasser und in Salzlösungen
Authors: Schreiner Erling 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1. Es wurde reine Dichloressigsäure dargestellt; es zeigte sich, daß auch diese halogensubstituierte Essigsäure dimorph ist mit den Schmelzpunkten: 13,25° und 12,15°. Dichte d = 1,5727.
Mitteilungen aus dem Metallhüttenmännischen Institut der Technischen Hochschule Breslau. Die ohne vorhergehende Kaltbearbeitung eintretende Kornvergrößerung in metallischen Körpern, die aus pulverförmigem Material durch Druck oder Sinterung erhalten werden
Authors: Sauerwald F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEine Zusammenfassung der rein experimentellen Ergebnisse ist schon am Ende des experimentellen Teils gegeben worden. Die Erörterung derselben führte zunächst zu der Auffassung, daß in keinem Falle — auch nicht bei den gepreßten Körpern — die beobachtete Kornvergrößerung die Folge einer Kaltbearbeitung bei Herstellung der Versuchskörper sein kann, daß eine solche vielmehr bei Ausübung eines Druckes auf pulverförmige Metalle in einer Matrize weitgehend vermieden wird. Als wesentlichstes Resultat ergab sich so, daß beim Eintritt und Verlauf der Kornvergrößerung, in gepreßten oder gesinterten Körpern aus einem bestimmten Metall lediglich die Steigerung der Temperatur der wirksame Faktor ist, wobei vorausgesetzt ist, daß durch Wirkung der Adhäsionskräfte vorher eine genügende Annäherung der Metallpartikelchen stattgefunden hat und daß letztere nicht von einer Oxydhaut umhüllt sind.
Die Bestimmung der Schwefelsäure als Bariumsulfat bei Gegenwart von Aluminium
Authors: Moser L. , Kohn P. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Fällung der Schwefelsäure bei Gegenwart von Aluminium mit einem negativen Fehler behaftet ist, und daß die Verunreinigung des Bariumsulfates durch Aluminiumsulfat zuerst proportional dem in der Lösung befindlichen Aluminiumion ansteigt, von einer bestimmten Grenze an aber unabhängig ist von weiter ansteigenden Aluminiummengen.
Vergleichende Untersuchung der Methoden zur Bestimmung des Stickoxydes
Authors: Klemenc Alfons , Bunzl Cornelie 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEs werden die bisher bekannten Methoden zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Stickoxydes zu einer vergleichenden Untersuchung herangezogen. Diese können nur genau ausgeführt werden, wenn man sich über die Reinheit des zur Analyse verwendeten Stickoxydes orientiert hat. Es zeigte sich, daß das Stickoxyd, nach EMICH hergestellt, im allgemeinen nicht als 100%ig anzusehen sein wird, die Abweichungen betragen meist l%, können aber bis 2–3% ansteigen, auch ganz reines kann zuweilen vorkommen. Es wird die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Bestimmung des Stickoxydes mit Hilfe glühenden Kupferblechs hingelenkt, welche sehr genaue und einwandfreie Resultate liefert; sie wird hier als Grundmethode bezeichnet. Es wird gezeigt, daß man auch mit Hilfe einer 10 cm langen, mit Kupferblech beschickten Röhre sehr genaue Resultate erhalten kann.
Das Atomgewicht von Quecksilber verschiedener Herkunft
Authors: Brönsted I. N. , v. Hevesy G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractZehn Quecksilbersorten verschiedenen geologischen und geographischen Ursprungs wurden untersucht. Ihre Dichten zeigten sich innerhalb 2–6 Einheiten in 106, ihre Atomgewichte dem entsprechend innerhalb 0,0004–0,0012 gleich. Aus dieser Übereinstimmung wird auf die Gleichheit der Zusammensetzung des auf der Erdoberfläche befindlichen Quecksilbers gefolgert.
Die Geschwindigkeit der Einwirkung von Sauerstoff, Stickoxyd und Stickoxydul auf Metalle
Authors: Schröder E. , Tammann G. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1. Der Anlauf des Fe und Ni in 02 ist in weiten Grenzen vom Druck des 02 unabhängig. Erst bei kleinen Drucken, die besonders gering beim Fe sind, nimmt die anfängliche Verdickungsgeschwindigkeit mit sinkendem 02‐Druck stark ab. Stellt man die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit bei derselben Temperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Druck dar, so erhält man eine Kurve, die den Adsorptionsisothermen von Gasen an C ganz ähnlich ist. Man darf also annehmen, daß auf den oxydischen Anlaufschichten eine Schicht adsorbierten 02 lagert.
Arbeiten aus dem Gebiet hoher Temperaturen. XVI. Über das Calciumcarbid, seine Bildung und Zersetzung
Authors: Ruff Otto , Foerster Ernst 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDie Frage nach der Existenz eines zweiten Calciumcarbids etwa der Formel CaC wird auf Grund gasanalytischer Untersuchungen verneint.
Über Sulfito‐Ammino‐Kobaltiate
Authors: Riesenfeld E. H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDie Konstitutionsformel aller bisher dargestellten Amminokobaltisulfite lassen sich auf einige wenige, verhältnismäßig einfach gebaute Grundtypen zurückführen, wie sich am besten aus der folgenden tabellarischen Zusammenstellung ergibt.
Über Komplexverbindungen des Palladiums mit organischen Seleniden. Abhandlung II
Authors: Fritzmann E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAus allem oben erwähnten folgt, daß die Brom‐ und Jodderivate in der Palladiumreihe, in ihren Eigenschaften den entsprechenden Derivaten in der Platinreihe ziemlich gleich kommen. Nur tritt hier der Einfluß der Natur des Haloids auf die Stabilität (Standhaftigkeit) der Verbindungen und auf die damit verbundenen Eigenschaften noch schärfer hervor. Außer der Unfähigkeit zu isomeren Umwendlungen ruft der Wechsel des Haloids auch eine Änderung des Stabilitätsgrades, besonders in der Jodderivatenreihe, hervor; anscheinend verändern sich letztere mit der Zeit, wenn auch äußerst langsam und undefinierbar. Während nun die Bromderivate in Hinsicht zu den Chlorverbindungen unbestimmte, wankende Beziehungen aufweisen und dadurch eine intermediäre Stellung einnehmen, weisen die Jodderivate zu denselben Chloriden völlig bestimmte Beziehungen auf; dieselbe Unbestimmtheit zeigt sich auch in der Schnelligkeit der Bildung, in der Färbung und in der Kristallisation der Bromderivate und aus diesen Gründen ist auch eine mehr oder weniger genaue Kontrolle der Individualität jeder gebildeten Verbindung nötig. Somit vermindert die Abnahme der Stabilität der Bindung die Zahl und Mannigfaltigkeit der möglichen Kombinationen.
Zur Kenntnis des dreiwertigen Mangans. V
Authors: Meyer Julius , Marek Josef 
Published: January 2005

Abstract1. Es wurde durch Überführungsversuche der Nachweis erbracht, daß sich beim Auflösen von Manganiacetat in hochkonzentrierter Orthophosphorsäure eine komplexe manganhaltige violette Säure bildet, deren Zusammensetzung zu Mn[(PO4)2]H3 angenommen wird.
Die elektrometrische Titration von Nickel und Kobalt mit Cyankalium
Authors: Müller Erich , Schluttig Willi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNickel und Kobalt lassen sich in ihren Lösungen sehr genau elektrometrisch an Silberelektroden mit Cyankalium bestimmen. Die Methode von MÜLLER und LAUTERBACH, die darin besteht, die Lösungen mit einem Überschuß von KCN zu versetzen und mit Silbernitrat zurückzutitrieren, wird nachgeprüft und ebenfalls als genau befunden; sie ist indessen umständlicher und kostspieliger. Durch den Verfolg der Titrationspotentialkurven ließ sich ein Einblick in die zwischen Co‥ bzw. Ni‥ und CN′ sich abspielenden Reaktionen gewinnen.