bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Functional Interface Engineering for Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Crystalline Silicon Triple‐Junction Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Yufei , Wang Shulin , Luo Tian , Xu Chang , Liu Jieqiong , Liu Lu , Dong XinRui , Wang Hanying , Wang Kai , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskite/perovskite/silicon triple‐junction tandem solar cells (TSCs) hold significant potential for achieving higher efficiencies while lowering the levelized cost of electricity. The top subcell utilizing wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite is crucial for improving the efficiency of TSCs. However, the defects caused by poorly crystallized WBG perovskite films and suboptimal energy level alignment lead to significant energy loss. Herein, we present a multifunctional interface engineering utilizing piperazinium bromide (PZBr) for enhancing the property of 2.03 eV perovskite films. The unique molecular structure of PZBr enables it to effectively passivate defects in perovskite films, to suppress photoinduced phase segregation, and to improve the energy band alignment between perovskite films and contact layers. Additionally, the PZBr modification facilitates the crystal ripening process in perovskite polycrystalline films. These functions result in suppressed non‐radiative recombination and accelerated carrier extraction. Consequently, single‐junction 2.03 eV perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved a remarkable efficiency of 13.82 %. In further, a monolithic triple‐junction TSC was fabricated, achieving a photovoltage of 2.96 V and a champion efficiency of 20.05 % (aperture area: 1 cm2). This work underscores the critical role of PZBr‐based interface engineering in advancing WBG PSCs and triple‐junction TSCs.
Regioselective Hydroformylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters: Impact of Reaction Parameters & Reaction Optimization
Authors: Bork Hannah , Gröger Harald 
Published: February 2025

The hydroformylation of α,β‑unsaturated esters represents a highly atom‐economical route towards β‑aldehydes with the potential application as precursors for derivatization to pharmaceuticals such as (R)‑Baclofen or Pregabalin. Methyl 4‐chlorocinnamate as an α,β‑unsaturated ester has been rarely studied in hydroformylation, particularly with regard to a parameter screening for reaction optimization. In this work, the regioselective hydroformylation of methyl 4‑chlorocinnamate to the desired β‑aldehyde was investigated with a particular focus on the identification of parameters with a significant effect on the regioselectivity and selectivity to the β‑aldehyde amongst all products. The reaction time, solvent, and catalyst loading were initially screened followed by a systematic screening using design of experiments (DoE). The reaction output was analyzed in terms of pressure, temperature and the CO/H2 composition with an unmodified Rh catalyst revealing that while either regioselectivity or overall selectivity (termed selectivity) can attain high values, neither parameter can simultaneously reach optimal levels. As predicted by the model, the experimental results under two different conditions demonstrated excellent regioselectivity (96%) with medium selectivity (57%) and a high selectivity (78 %) with good regioselectivity (93%). Expansion of substrate scope revealed a significant influence of the substituents and thus the electronic effect on the regioselectivity and selectivity.
Catalyst‐Free Visible Light‐Induced N−N Bond Cleavage for the Synthesis of Iminophosphorane Using Triarylphosphine and N‐Sulfonyl and N‐Acylaminopyridinium Salt
Authors: Qin Xiaotao , Yang Chenglei , Xue Yinjiang , Hu Jinkai , Yang Jinhui , Li Dianjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHerein, we explore a visible light‐enabled radical addition for the construction of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acyliminophosphorane using triarylphosphine and N‐sulfonyl and N‐acylaminopyridinium salts in the absence of transition metal, photocatalyst, oxidant or base. This method employs PAr3 as both the reaction catalyst to promote the generation of amidyl radical via N−N bond cleavage of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acylaminopyridinium salts, and materials for the preparation of N‐sulfonyl and N‐acyliminophosphorane products. This transformation exhibits abroad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
Navigating PROTACs in Cancer Therapy: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Horizons
Authors: Ibrahim Saooda , Umer Khan Muhammad , Khurram Iqra , Rehman Raima , Rauf Abdur , Ahmad Zubair , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Quradha Mohammed Mansour 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTProteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by offering a selective and innovative approach to degrade key oncogenic proteins associated with various malignancies. These hybrid molecules exploit the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, facilitating the degradation of target proteins through an event‐driven mechanism, thereby overcoming drug resistance and enhancing selectivity. With diverse targets including androgen receptors, BTK, estrogen receptors, BET proteins, and BRAF, PROTACs offer a versatile strategy for personalized cancer treatment. Advantages of PROTACs over traditional small molecule inhibitors include their ability to operate at lower concentrations, catalyzing the degradation of multiple proteins of interest with reduced cytotoxicity. Notably, PROTACs address challenges associated with traditionally “undruggable” targets, expanding the therapeutic landscape of cancer therapy. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies highlight the transformative potential of PROTACs, with promising results in prostate, breast, lung, melanoma, and colorectal cancers. Despite their potential, challenges persist in optimizing physicochemical properties and enhancing bioavailability. Further research is needed to refine PROTAC design and address complexities in molecule development. Nevertheless, the development of oral androgen receptor PROTACs represents a significant milestone, demonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of this innovative therapeutic approach. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PROTACs in cancer therapy, emphasizing their mechanism of action, advantages, and challenges. As PROTAC research progresses, continued exploration in both preclinical and clinical settings will be crucial to unlocking their full therapeutic potential and shaping the future of personalized cancer treatment.
Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activity of Astragalus onobrychis: Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidants, and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Hosaflioglu Ibrahim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPlants play an essential role in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Plants show broad‐spectrum biological activity due to the bioactive compound contents. Hence, plants provide an essential contribution to drug invention and progress. In this study, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant effects of the Astragalus onobrychis plant were investigated. The flower, leaf, and stem parts of Astragalus onobrychis were extracted with methanol. The quantitative analysis of corresponding parts was conducted by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS, and it was detected that the flowers, leaves, and stems contained 12, 19, and 17 compounds, respectively. The flowers were determined to contain kaempferol‐3‐glucoside (0.395 mg/g extract) as a major product. Additionally, routine (0.132) was defined as the leading product in the leaf parts of the plant. The main product of the stem part of the plant was detected as coumarin (0.068). Antioxidant activity tests of flower, leaf, and stem extracts of the Astragalus onobrychis plant were performed. It was determined that the flowers showed the highest antioxidants among them. DPPH activity of flowers was determined as 4.56 ± 0.42 (IC50, μg/mL). Moreover, the antibacterial activity of flowers, leaves, and stem was performed using B.subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and flowers displayed excellent antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli with a value of 10.5 μg/mL.
A Narrative Review of Protective Effects of Natural Compounds Against Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Injuries
Authors: Anaeigoudari Akbar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a large amphipathic glycoconjugate molecule in the cell wall of Gram‐negative bacteria. This bacterial endotoxin binds to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and stimulates the inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. The current paper presents the protective effects of natural compounds against LPS‐induced injuries. The relevant findings were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from the beginning of 2005 until the end of September 2023 were employed. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that thymoquinone, crocin, carvacrol, and quercetin effectively attenuated LPS‐induced damages via lowering the level of inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. These natural compounds could also amplify the antioxidant defense against LPS by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, a part of the protective effects of these phytochemicals against detrimental impacts of LPS is attributed to their ability to downregulate the TLR4 expression and to inhibit the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Briefly, the protective effects of natural compounds mentioned in current review against LPS‐caused damages mainly are mediated by their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Risk Stratification for Trial Enrichment Considering Loco‐Regional Failure in Head and Neck Cancer: UICC8 Versus Purpose‐Built Failure‐Type Specific Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Håkansson Katrin , Muse Daha Hassan , Bäck Anna , Rasmussen Jacob H. , Lindegaard Anne Marie , Specht Lena , Friborg Jeppe , Cange Hedda Haugen , Vogelius Ivan R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA previously published failure‐type specific risk model showed good performance in the original cohort. Aim: to validate the model and separate patients with high‐ and low‐risk loco‐regional failure (LRF). Goal: to identify patients potentially suitable for treatment intensification trials.MethodsValidation data: 756 patients from two institutions (different countries). Predictive performance was evaluated by Brier scores and AUCs. Discriminatory performance was compared to Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging (versions 7 and 8).ResultsThe model's 3‐year AUC for LRF was 65%, significantly better than UICC7 staging, but no significant difference to UICC8. Model‐based risk stratification and UICC8 both identified high‐risk patient groups with 3‐year LRF ≈30%. The population mean was 18%.ConclusionsThe model performed well on a group level. UICC8 staging performed equally well. Although developed for the endpoint of OS, an improvement from UICC version 7 to version 8 was evident also for the prediction of LRF.
The Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Early‐Stage Oral Cavity Cancer With Minor Adverse Features; A Single Institute Experience
Authors: Yosefof Eyal , Edri Nofar , Kurman Noga , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram , Popovtzer Aron 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe role of post‐operative radiotherapy (PORT) in early‐stage (T1‐T2N0M0) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) with minor adverse features (MAF) including perineural invasion (PNI) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC) is not well described. We aimed to study the role of PORT among these patients.MethodsA retrospective review of patients treated for early‐stage OTSCC between 2000 and 2022 in a tertiary‐care referral center while comparing patients treated by surgery and PORT with patients treated by surgery alone.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐four patients were included and 36 (23.4%) received PORT. The PORT subgroup had a significantly higher rate of MAF. Survival rates were similar between the two sub‐groups. PORT demonstrated a trend toward improved overall survival (odds ratio = 0.406, p = 0.07). Patients with PNI or PDC treated with PORT experienced improved survival rates.ConclusionPORT has an important role when treating early‐stage OTSCC with MAF. It should be considered especially among patients with PNI or PDC.
The Relationship Between the Optical Properties of Articular Cartilage and the Biomechanical Parameters of the Tissue
Authors: Kafian‐Attari Iman , Ebrahimi Mohammad , Nippolainen Ervin , Mirhashemi Arash , Paakkari Petri , Bergmann Florian , Foschum Florian , Kienle Alwin , Töyräs Juha , Afara Isaac 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship between the optical properties of articular cartilage with its biomechanical parameters. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of articular cartilage, and average maximum penetration depth, average maximum lateral spread, and average path length of photons were estimated by optical measurements and Monte Carlo simulation. The equilibrium and instantaneous moduli, and initial fibrillar network, strain‐dependent fibrillar network, and nonfibrillar network moduli, and initial and deformation‐dependent permeability of the tissue were estimated by multistep stress‐relaxation measurement and fibril‐reinforced poroelastic modeling. The relationship between the optical properties and biomechanical parameters was assessed using predictive regression modeling. A strong relationship was found between reduced scattering coefficients, averaged maximum penetration depth, averaged maximum lateral spread, and average path length of photons with equilibrium, instantaneous, and initial fibrillar network moduli. We attribute this relationship to the collagen fibers as the main contributor to the scattering and biomechanical properties of the tissue.
Genome‐Wide Association Analyses of HPV16 and HPV18 Seropositivity Identify Susceptibility Loci for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Beckhaus Theresa , Kachuri Linda , Nakase Taishi , Schürmann Peter , Eisenblätter Rieke , Geerts Maya , Böhmer Gerd , Strauß Hans‐Georg , Hirchenhain Christine , Schmidmayr Monika , Müller Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Häfner Norman , Luyten Alexander , Jentschke Matthias , Hillemanns Peter , O'Mara Tracy A. , Francis Stephen S. , Witte John S. , Dörk Thilo , Ramachandran Dhanya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInfection by high‐risk human papillomavirus is known to exacerbate cervical cancer development. The host immune response is crucial in disease regression. Large‐scale genetic association studies for cervical cancer have identified few susceptibility variants, mainly at the human leukocyte antigen locus on chromosome 6. We hypothesized that the host immune response modifies cervical cancer risk and performed three genome‐wide association analyses for HPV16, HPV18 and HPV16/18 seropositivity in 7814, 7924, and 7924 samples from the UK Biobank, followed by validation genotyping in the German Cervigen case‐control series of cervical cancer and dysplasia. In GWAS analyses, we identified two loci associated with HPV16 seropositivity (6p21.32 and 15q26.2), two loci associated with HPV18 seropositivity (5q31.2 and 14q24.3), and one locus for HPV16 and/or HPV18 seropositivity (at 6p21.32). MAGMA gene‐based analysis identified HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DQB1 as genome‐wide significant (GWS) genes. In validation genotyping, the genome‐wide significant lead variant at 6p21.32, rs9272293 associated with overall cervical disease (OR = 0.86, p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.78–0.95, n = 3710) and HPV16 positive invasive cancer (OR = 0.73, p = 0.005, 95% CI = 0.59–0.91, n = 1431). This variant was found to be a robust eQTL for HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQB1‐AS1, C4B, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DRB6, HLA‐DQB1, and HLA‐DPB1 in a series of cervical epithelial tissue samples. We additionally genotyped twenty‐four HPV seropositivity variants below the GWS threshold out of which eleven variants were found to be associated with cervical disease in our cohort, suggesting that further seropositivity variants may determine cervical disease outcome. Our study identifies novel genomic risk loci that associate with HPV type‐specific cervical cancer and dysplasia risk and provides evidence for candidate genes at one of the risk loci.
Genetic Epidemiology of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Circulating in China From 2010 to 2024: Characterization of Phylogenetic and Genetic Diversity of S1‐Based Genes
Authors: Sun Jing , Cheng Jiongze , Shi Da , Xu Xiangwen , Liu Yijia , Ying Jiale , Zhao Yulin , Zheng Huihua , Yan Junfang , Sun Dongbo , Song Houhui , Su Mingjun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAs a porcine alphacoronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) frequently undergoes mutations that significantly reduce the effectiveness of current prevention and control strategies, leading to recurrent outbreaks in China. This study investigates the genetic evolution and mutation patterns of the S1 protein to characterize PEDV variation in China. Genetic evolutionary analysis of 804 PEDV S1 genes, including 620 Chinese PEDV strains, revealed that 78.06% of the Chinese PEDV strains belong to the G2a‐subgroup, further divided into seven branches (G2a‐Clade 1–7), with the predominant strains from 2020 to 2024 being in G2a‐Clade 4 (68.00%). From 2021 to 2024, 32 novel substitutions, 25 deletions, and 8 insertions were identified in the S1 protein of Chinese strains compared to those from 2010 to 2011. Notably, complete mutations were observed at amino acid sites N139D, H189Y, L229P, I287M, F345L, A361T, T499I, and A520S. Moreover, protein homology modeling analysis displayed that these deletion–insertion mutations significantly altered the surface structure of the S protein, particularly in the N‐terminal domain (NTD) and receptor‐binding domain (RBD) regions of S1 protein. The predictive analysis using AlphaFold3 indicated that deletion–insertion mutations in the S1‐RBD region notably affected the binding affinity of the S protein to porcine DC‐SIGN. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic evolution of PEDV in China.
Identification of RP‐54745, an IL‐1 Inhibitor Displaying Anticancer Activities for KSHV‐Related Primary Effusion Lymphoma
Authors: Dai Lu , Choudhary Amrita , Fan Jiaojiao , Huang Lu , Lin Zhen , Qin Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), usually seen in immunocompromised patients while lack of effective therapeutic options. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) family is a major mediator for inflammatory responses and has functional role in both innate and adaptive immunity. We previously showed high activation of multiple IL‐1 signaling molecules during KSHV latent and lytic stages, as well as in clinical samples from patients with KSHV‐related malignancies. In the current study, we identified RP‐54745, a potential antirheumatic compound as IL‐1 inhibitor, effectively repressed KSHV + PEL cell growth through inducing tumor cell apoptosis. By using an established PEL xenograft model, we found that RP‐54745 treatment suppressed tumor expansion in mice. Also, RP‐54745 treatment significantly reduced hyperinflammation in tumor microenvironment including myeloid cells and neutrophils infiltration, as well as blocking IL‐1 signaling molecules expression in vivo. In addition, our transcriptome analysis revealed novel cellular genes and mechanisms for anticancer activities of RP‐54745. Taken together, our data indicate targeting IL‐1 production and signaling may represent promising therapeutic strategies against these virus‐associated diseases.
Effect of Tympanostomy Tube Removal Technique on Surgical Success and Operative Time
Authors: Aaronson Nicole L. , Blackwell Allison , Kenine Onyinyechi , Vanella Emily , Lu Zhaoying , Nardone Heather 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTympanostomy tube removal is a common procedure, the most common complication of which is persistent perforation. Multiple surgical techniques exist. This study seeks to determine whether the technique used affects success rate or surgical time.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary‐care children's hospital. Tube removal procedure codes were used to extract charts from 2008 to 2023. Data were collected on surgical technique, success, operative time, indications, and patient factors. Primary outcome measure was surgical success, defined as no residual perforation.ResultsA total of 1562 patient ears were analyzed. Success rate was 95.5% for trichloroacetic acid (TCA) myringoplasty with patch, 86.5% for cold myringoplasty with patch placement (CMwP), 74.7% for cold myringoplasty without patch placement (CMsP), and 73.8% for tube removal alone (TR). TR as compared with CMsP did not show a difference in closure rates (p = 1.0000). CMwP was more likely to be successful than TR (p = 0.0162) or CMsP (p = 0.0117). TCA was more likely to be successful than CMwP (p = 0.0197). Median operative time was 4 min for TR, CMsP, and CMwP and 5 min for TCA. This difference in operative time between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionTCA myringoplasty with patch shows greater surgical success rate than cold myringoplasty with patch, cold myringoplasty without patch, or tube removal alone, but it has a longer operative time. Cold myringoplasty with patch has greater surgical success than cold myringoplasty without patch or tube removal alone.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
The Role of Serendipity in Narratives: How Serendipitous Story Promotes Product Interest
Authors: Kuai Ling , Wei Haiying 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOrigin stories have been extensively discussed in storytelling, but it is unclear how presenting a story of an unexpected discovery would impact consumer behavior. This article proposes that marketers telling serendipitous stories could capture consumers' interest. Using four experiments, we found that a serendipitous story increased consumer interest in the focal product (Study 1). This was because the serendipitous story would awaken their positive emotions (Studies 2a and 2b). Furthermore, we identified a boundary condition of the device types. When consumers read a serendipitous story on a fixed device (vs. a mobile device), this serendipity effect was attenuated (Study 3). Our findings not only extend the serendipity and storytelling literature but also provide management guidance for businesses and marketers.
Biofilm formation in cardiovascular infection and bioengineering approaches for treatment and prevention
Authors: Tong Qi , Xu Qiyue , Cai Jie , Sun Yiren , Wang Zhengjie , Qian Yongjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAt present, cardiovascular infection such as infective endocarditis (IE) has become a major disease with a high mortality rate. The essence of IE is actually the infection associated with biofilm formation, which can occur not only on native heart valves, but also on prosthetic heart valves and cardiovascular implants such as left heart assist devices, vascular grafts, and pacemakers. Biofilms are bacterial aggregates that are composed of a self‐produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), which is difficult and challenging for the treatment of cardiovascular infections. Therefore, it is important to explore and develop effective anti‐biofilm methods for the treatment of biofilm‐associated cardiovascular infection. This review provides comprehension of strategies for degrading EPS in biofilm, the application of nanodrug delivery systems for biofilm‐related infections, the strategy for targeting drug resistance genes through gene editing technology and strategy for targeting quorum sensing in biofilm. Furthermore, this review also provides some strategies to optimize the antibacterial properties of cardiovascular implants to prevent biofilm formation. The applications of these strategies will provide novel preventive and therapeutic ways for biofilm‐associated cardiovascular infections.