bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to estimate cell cycle time and growth fraction using bromodeoxyuridine-flow cytometry data from a single sample
Authors: Eidukevicius Rimantas , Characiejus Dainius , Janavicius Ramunas , Kazlauskaite Nijole , Pasukoniene Vita , Mauricas Mykolas , Otter Willem Den 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
Presently available flow cytometric methods of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labelling do not provide information on the cell cycle time (TC) and the growth fraction (GF). In this paper, we describe a novel and simple method to estimate TC and GF from flow cytometric analysis of a single tumour sample after BrdUrd labelling.

Methods
The proposed method is based on two assumptions: (1) the number of labelled cells traversing the cell cycle per unit time is constant and (2) the total number of labelled cells is constant throughout the cycle, provided that cells produced after division are excluded. The total numbers of labelled divided G1 cells, labelled divided S cells, labelled undivided S cells, and labelled undivided G2 cells were obtained for DNA histograms of BrdUrd-positive cells in a collected sample. These cell numbers were used to write equations to determine the durations of cell cycle phases, TC and GF. To illustrate the application of the proposed formulae, cell cycle kinetic parameters were analysed in solid SL2 tumours growing in DBA/2 mice and in human T-leukaemia Jurkat cells in culture.

Results
The suitability of the proposed method for estimating durations of the cell cycle phases, TC and GF was demonstrated. TC in SL2 tumours was found to be relatively constant at 4 and 10 days after tumour implantation (20.3 ± 1.1 h and 21.6 ± 0.9 h, respectively). GF in tumours at day 10 was lower than GF at day 4 (54.2 ± 7.7% vs. 79.2 ± 5.9%, p = 0.0003). Approximate values of TC and GF of cultured Jurkat cells were 23.9 h and 79.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
The proposed method is relatively simple and permits estimation of the cell cycle parameters, including TC and GF, from a single tumour sample after labelling with BrdUrd. We have shown that this method may be useful in preclinical studies, allowing estimation of changes in GF during growth of murine tumours. Experiments with human Jurkat cells suggest that the proposed method might also prove suitable for measurement of cell kinetics in human tumours. Development of suitable software enabling more objective interpretation of the DNA profile in this method would be desirable.
A population-based study of asthma, quality of life, and occupation among elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites: a cross-sectional investigation
Authors: Arif Ahmed A , Rohrer James E , Delclos George L 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe U.S. population is aging and is expected to double by the year 2030. The current study evaluated the prevalence of asthma and its correlates in the elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic white population.MethodsData from a sample of 3021 Hispanics and non-Hispanic White subjects, 65 years and older, interviewed as part of an ongoing cross-sectional study of the elderly in west Texas, were analyzed. The outcome variable was categorized into: no asthma (reference category), current asthma, and probable asthma. Polytomous logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the outcome variable and various socio-demographic measures, self-rated health, asthma symptoms, quality of life measures (SF-12), and various occupations.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of current asthma and probable asthma were 6.3% (95%CI: 5.3–7.2) and 9.0% (95%CI: 7.8–10.1) respectively. The majority of subjects with current asthma (Mean SF-12 score 35.8, 95%CI: 34.2–37.4) or probable asthma (35.3, 34.0–36.6) had significantly worse physical health-related quality of life as compared to subjects without asthma (42.6, 42.1–43.1). In multiple logistic regression analyses, women had a 1.64 times greater odds of current asthma (95%CI: 1.12–2.38) as compared to men. Hay fever was a strong predictor of both current and probable asthma. The odds of current asthma were 1.78 times (95%CI: 1.24–2.55) greater among past smokers; whereas the odds of probable asthma were 2.73 times (95%CI: 1.77–4.21) greater among current smokers as compared to non-smokers. Similarly fair/poor self rated health and complaints of severe pain were independently associated with current and probable asthma. The odds of current and probable asthma were almost two fold greater for obesity. When stratified by gender, the odds were significantly greater among females (p-value for interaction term = 0.038). The odds of current asthma were significantly greater for farm-related occupations (adjusted OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.00–4.39); whereas the odds were significantly lower among those who reported teaching as their longest held occupation (adjusted OR = 0.36, 95%CI = 0.18–0.74).ConclusionThis study found that asthma is a common medical condition in the elderly and it significantly impacts quality of life and general health status. Results support adopting an integrated approach in identifying and controlling asthma in this population.
Safety of the methylene blue plus chloroquine combination in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children of Burkina Faso [ISRCTN27290841]
Authors: Meissner Peter E , Mandi Germain , Witte Steffen , Coulibaly Boubacar , Mansmann Ulrich , Rengelshausen Jens , Schiek Wolfgang , Jahn Albrecht , Sanon Mamadou , Tapsoba Théophile , Walter-Sack Ingeborg , Mikus Gerd , Burhenne Jürgen , Riedel Klaus-Dieter , Schirmer Heiner , Kouyaté Bocar , Müller Olaf 
Published: September 2005

Abstract

Background
Safe, effective and affordable drug combinations against falciparum malaria are urgently needed for the poor populations in malaria endemic countries. Methylene blue (MB) combined with chloroquine (CQ) has been considered as one promising new regimen.

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of CQ-MB in African children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Secondary objectives were to assess the efficacy and the acceptance of CQ-MB in a rural population of West Africa.

Methods
In this hospital-based randomized controlled trial, 226 children (6–59 months) with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated in Burkina Faso. The children were 4:1 randomized to CQ-MB (n = 181; 25 mg/kg CQ and 12 mg/kg MB over three days) or CQ (n = 45; 25 mg/kg over three days) respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of severe haemolysis or other serious adverse events (SAEs). Efficacy outcomes were defined according to the WHO 2003 classification system. Patients were hospitalized for four days and followed up until day 14.

Results
No differences in the incidence of SAEs and other adverse events were observed between children treated with CQ-MB (including 24 cases of G6PD deficiency) compared to children treated with CQ. There was no case of severe haemolysis and also no significant difference in mean haemoglobin between study groups. Treatment failure rates were 53.7% (95% CI [37.4%; 69.3%]) in the CQ group compared to 44.0% (95% CI [36.3%; 51.9%]) in the CQ-MB group.

Conclusion
MB is safe for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, even in G6PD deficient African children. However, the efficacy of the CQ-MB combination has not been sufficient at the MB dose used in this study. Future studies need to assess the efficacy of MB at higher doses and in combination with appropriate partner drugs.
Harm reduction-the cannabis paradox
Authors: Melamede Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article examines harm reduction from a novel perspective. Its central thesis is that harm reduction is not only a social concept, but also a biological one. More specifically, evolution does not make moral distinctions in the selection process, but utilizes a cannabis-based approach to harm reduction in order to promote survival of the fittest. Evidence will be provided from peer-reviewed scientific literature that supports the hypothesis that humans, and all animals, make and use internally produced cannabis-like products (endocannabinoids) as part of the evolutionary harm reduction program. More specifically, endocannabinoids homeostatically regulate all body systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, nervous, musculo-skeletal, reproductive). Therefore, the health of each individual is dependant on this system working appropriately.
Lack of evidence for qualitative treatment by disease severity interactions in clinical studies of severe sepsis
Authors: Macias William L , Nelson David R , Williams Mark , Garg Rekha , Janes Jonathan , Sashegyi Andreas 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Introduction
The design of clinical trials of interventions aimed at reducing mortality in patients with severe sepsis assumes that the relative treatment effect of the intervention is independent of the patients' risk for death. We reviewed published data from phase III clinical studies of severe sepsis to determine whether a relationship exists between risk for death and the relative benefit of the investigational agent. Such an interaction might warrant a change in the assumptions that underlie current trial designs.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of published phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in adult patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock up to November 2004. All studies enrolled patients with known or suspected infection, evidence of a systemic response to the infection, and one or more organ dysfunctions resulting from the systemic response.

Results
Twenty-two publications, investigating 17 molecular entities, fulfilled criteria for phase III or equivalent studies aimed at reducing mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Three studies achieved the prospectively defined primary end-point of a statistically significant reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality. The control group mortality rates for these studies were 31%, 43% and 61%, indicating that the beneficial effects of adjunct therapies could be demonstrated over a wide range of illness severity. Analysis of subgroup data from failed studies provided no evidence that the efficacy of the therapeutics being investigated varied by baseline placebo mortality rates. Among all studies, interventions with anticoagulant activity or anti-inflammatory activity did not appear to be harmful in patients with evidence of less coagulopathy or less inflammation.

Conclusion
Our review of published clinical data does not support the hypothesis that mortality risk of the population studied alters the relative treatment effect associated with anti-inflammatory or other agents used to treat severe sepsis. Clinical studies in severe sepsis should continue to enroll patients over a wide range of disease severity, as long as patients enrolled have evidence of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction(s), patients are at an appreciable risk for death (e.g. as evidenced by admission to an intensive care unit), and the potential for benefit outweighs the potential for harm.
Pressure transient control: Part II—simulation and design of a positive surge protection device for building drainage networks
Authors: Swaffield JA , Campbell DP , Gormley M 
Published: September 2005

Air pressure transient propagation within building drainage and vent systems may feature either, or both, positive and negative pressure changes in response to decelerating or accelerating flow conditions. Local venting, or the use of inwards relief air admittance valves, has traditionally suppressed negative transients. Positive transients have only been dealt with by the use of open roof terminations. This paper introduces an approach to positive air pressure transient suppression based upon the use of a flexible, variable volume containment vessel capable of reducing the rate of change of the entrained air following a system surcharge. The experimental programme to provide proof of concept, together with the simulation of the device utilizing the method of characteristics solution of the St Venant equations is detailed. Recommendations as to the suitability of bag materials and installation choices are presented, along with comparisons of surge relief efficiency. Practical application: The control of air pressure transients in building drainage systems has been limited due to the need to attenuate positive pressure propagation via an open termination at roof level - a poor solution as the transient will have affected all system trap seals before reaching the relief vent. The Positive Air Pressure Attenuator - an expandable bag that controls the rate of change of entrained airflow within the system - reduces the possibility of trap-seal loss due to positive transient propagation. Potentially this is a major contribution to vent system design that could revolutionize 150 years of design methodology.
Comparison of the performance of a whole house low energy ventilation system in contrasting European climatic regions
Authors: McEvoy ME , Southall R 
Published: September 2005

An experimental ‘whole house low energy ventilation system’ has been installed and tested in dwellings in Denmark and Poland. Both sites have adjacent houses of identical plan layout, which have been used as a control for the experimental dwellings. A weather station was installed adjacent to each site, and each of the dwellings, test and control, has been extensively monitored to measure indoor airflow and comfort conditions, and the amount of energy being supplied for heating in winter. The design of the systems was established by computer fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis and by a dynamic simulation using ESP-r. The low U-values that can be achieved by ‘air supply’ windows, suggested by previous tests and simulations, have been confirmed by the monitored results. Similarly the levels of preheat to ventilation air achieved by the windows have reached the percentages expected from the simulation models. Practical application: This study is part of an ongoing investigation into the use of an innovative technology for whole house ventilation. Since this is the direction of the forthcoming revision to the UK Building Regulations it has obvious implications for practice.
The One‐to‐One Constraint in Analogical Mapping and Inference
Authors: Krawczyk Daniel C. , Holyoak Keith J. , Hummel John E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTheories of analogical reasoning have assumed that a 1‐to‐1 constraint discourages reasoners from mapping a single element in 1 analog to multiple elements in another. Empirical evidence suggests that reasoners sometimes appear to violate the one‐to‐one constraint when asked to generate mappings, yet virtually never violate it when asked to generate analogical inferences. However, few studies have examined analogical inferences based on nonisomorphic analogs, and their conclusions are suspect due to methodological problems. We sought to elicit mixed inferences that could result from combining information from 2 possible mappings. Participants generated 2‐to‐1 correspondences when asked for explicit mappings, but did not produce mixed inferences. Multiple correspondences appear to arise from multiple isomorphic mappings, rather than from a single homomorphic mapping.
Comparing Multiple Paths to Mastery: What is Learned?
Authors: Nokes Timothy J. , Ohlsson Stellan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractContemporary theories of learning postulate one or at most a small number of different learning mechanisms. However, people are capable of mastering a given task through qualitatively different learning paths such as learning by instruction and learning by doing. We hypothesize that the knowledge acquired through such alternative paths differs with respect to the level of abstraction and the balance between declarative and procedural knowledge. In a laboratory experiment we investigated what was learned about patterned letter sequences via either direct instruction in the relevant patterns or practice in solving letter‐sequence extrapolation problems. Results showed that both types of learning led to mastery of the target task as measured by accuracy performance. However, behavioral differences emerged in how participants applied their knowledge. Participants given instruction showed more variability in the types of strategies they used to articulate their knowledge as well as longer solution times for generating the action implications of that knowledge as compared to the participants given practice. Results are discussed regarding the implications for transfer, generalization, and procedural application. Learning theories that claim generality should be tested against cross‐scenario phenomena, not just parametric variations of a single learning scenario.
Spherical Nanostructured LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 Powders Prepared via an Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Process
Authors: Wu Hung-Chun , Guo Zheng-Zhao , Yang Mo-Hua , Lu Chung-Hsin , Wu Tai-Yuan , Taniguchi Izumi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Nanostructured LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powders were successfully synthesized via an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process. The prepared powders were composed of nanosized crystallites and formed a spherical shape. Well-crystallized structure was obtained after calcination at 800 °C. The prepared LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powders exhibited a high discharge capacity of 184 mAh/g within the voltage range of 2.5–4.5 V. The capacity retention was 78% after 100 cycles test at 1C charging and 3C discharging rate at 55 °C.
Synthesis and Structure of a Base-stabilized Silyl(silylene)tantalum Complex
Authors: Koshikawa Hidenori , Okazaki Masaaki , Matsumoto Shun-ichi , Ueno Keiji , Tobita Hiromi , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Thermal reaction of Cp2Ta(η2-C3H6) with HSiMe2SiMe2OMe in toluene at 60 °C gave Cp2Ta{SiMe2···O(Me)···SiMe2} (7%) and Cp2TaH(SiMe2SiMe2OMe)2 (8%). The former methoxy-stabilized silyl(silylene) complex was characterized by X-ray diffraction study.
Immobilization of Methylene Blue between Electrodepsoited Manganese Oxide Multilayers
Authors: Nakayama Masaharu , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Ozuka Shotaro , Araki Yuto , Ogura Kotaro 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Cationic methylene blue (MB) ions were intercalated into the galleries of a layered manganese oxide film that was deposited anodically on an indium–tin oxide electrode. The MB+ ions once incorporated are not ion-exchanged with small cations and can communicate with the electrode surface through manganese oxide sheets.
Evidence of Photocarrier Generation via the Singlet and Triplet States in a Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) Film
Authors: Ikoma Tadaaki , Ito Fuyuki , Ogiwara Toshinari , Akiyama Kimio , Tero-Kubota Shozo 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
A significant wavelength dependence of the excitation light was observed in the magnetic field effects (MFE) on the photocarrier generation of a benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarbonitrile-doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole) film. The excitation of the carbazole induces positive MFEs, indicating an enhancement of the photoconductivity originating from the charge separation through the triplet exciton. In contrast, a singlet spin state governs the photocarrier generation in the case of the charge transfer band excitation, because negative MFEs are induced.
Stereoselective Construction of 1,3-Diol Derivatives via Nucleophilic Reaction to β-Methoxyacylsilanes
Authors: Honda Mitsunori , Mikami Yoshimi , Sanjyo Takeshi , Segi Masahito , Nakajima Tadashi 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The stereoselectivity of 1,3-asymmetric induction in the nucleophilic addition to β-methoxyacylsilanes having no substituent at the α-position is largely dependent on the kind of nucleophiles. In a similar reaction employed α-substituted β-methoxyacylsilanes, three diastereoisomers of 1,3-diol derivatives having the three contiguous stereogenic centers among four possible diastereomeric products are yielded with high stereoselectivity. The protiodesilylation of the resulting α-silylalcohols proceeds with complete retention of the configuration.
Topiramate in Opiate Withdrawal-Comparison with Clonidine and with Carbamazepine/Mianserin
Authors: Zullino Daniele Fabio , Krenz Sonia , Zimmermann Grégoire , Miozzari Amos , Rajeswaran Rajini , Kolly Stéphane , Khazaal Yasser 
Published: September 2005

There are some rationales for developing anticonvulsants for the treatment of substance abuse. The blockade of the AMPA/kainate subtype of glutamate receptor by topiramate may be of particular interest, as preclinical studies of withdrawal from opioids suggest that whilst AMPA-receptor antagonists may not be able to prevent tolerance or dependence from developing, they may ameliorate both physical and emotional consequences of withdrawal. Methods. Ten consecutively admitted patients treated with topiramate were compared in a retrospective naturalistic drug utilization observation study with 10 consecutively admitted patients treated with clonidine and with 10 consecutively admitted patients treated with a carbamazepine/ mianserin combination. Results. In 9 cases of the clonidine group and in 7 carbamazepine/mianserin treated patients the dose had been reduced, whereas this occurred in only 2 topiramate treated patients (p < 0.01). Patients in the topiramate group received less p.r.n. myorelaxant medication than the two other groups, and there was a significant difference between the three groups with regard to p.r.n. analgesics (p < 0.05), topiramate and clonidine treated patients receiving fewer analgesics than the carbamazepine/mianserin group. Conclusions. Compared to clonidine and carbamazepine/mianserin, a detoxification scheme using high initial and then decreasing doses of topiramate appeared to be appropriate for most patients and as associated with less analgesic and myorelaxant comedication, indicating a more promising efficacy at the used doses.
Obsessions and Compulsions Are Associated With Different Cognitive and Mood Factors
Authors: Bhar Sunil S. , Kyrios Michael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study examined whether nonclinical obsessions and nonclinical compulsions relate differently to cognitive and mood factors such as responsibility, perfectionism, trait anxiety and depressed mood. Two hundred and three nonclinical undergraduate psychology students (70.4% females, 29.6% males, mean age = 18.7,SD= 1.1) completed questionnaires. After controlling for the relationship between obsessions and compulsions, obsessions were found to relate significantly more strongly to depressed mood, trait anxiety, socially prescribed perfectionism and responsibility than compulsions. Conversely, compulsions were found to relate more strongly to self-oriented perfectionism than obsessions. These results were interpreted as providing support for the notion that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is maintained by a conflicted mental representation of the self and the world. Obsessions were interpreted as reflecting an overdeveloped vigilance for threat, responsibility and need for social approval. Compulsions were interpreted as emanating from the belief that the self is self-sufficient and resourceful, and that the world is ordered and systematic. Implications for the treatment of OCD were discussed.