bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Complexity of Support: The Impact of Family Structure and Provisional Support on African American and White Adolescent Mothers' Well‐Being
Authors: Henly Julia R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe importance of social support to the well‐being of adolescent parents is a frequently discussed topic in the teen parenting literature. However, the meaning and conceptualization of social support varies across study and the heterogeneity within the teen parent population is often overlooked. In an effort to understand its role more precisely, the present study defined support both in terms of its structural and provision components, and examined the association of these components with both perceived psychological and behavioral measures of maternal well‐being for a sample of white and African American teen mothers. Specifically, the relative contribution of household structure and provisional social support to the well‐being of a sample of 107 African American and 146 white teen mothers was measured respectively. Results indicate great variability in the structural and provisional support adolescent mothers receive, regardless of race. Independent of other effects, provisional supports are more strongly associated with maternal well‐being than is family structure. Further, the impact of these different types of support varies by race.
Assessment of Major Life Events for Hong Kong Adolescents: The Chinese Adolescent Life Event Scale
Authors: Cheng Cecilia 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPrevious Chinese research on adolescent life stress adopted life event scales that were directly translated from Western measures. To address the methodological and cultural issues overlooked by the “import” approach, the present research aimed at constructing a life event scale for Hong Kong adolescents. Study 1 was conducted to congregate items for the Chinese Adolescent Life Event Scale (CALES). The CALES contains 44 items derived from 618 Hong Kong adolescents. Study 2 revealed adequate test–retest reliability and criterion‐related validity for the CALES. Moreover, the CALES yielded stronger relationships with depression than did the translated life event measures. Results suggest that the CALES is appropriate for assessing life events for Hong Kong adolescents. Both unique features of the CALES and life events found only in the translated measures are examined. Implications for Chinese research on life stress are discussed.
Extreme Social Isolation, Use of Community‐Based Senior Support Services, and Mortality Among African American Elderly Women
Authors: LaVeist Thomas A. , Sellers Robert M. , Brown Karin A. Elliott , Nickerson Kim J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe effect of extreme social isolation and use of community‐based senior services on longevity was examined in a national sample of African American elderly women (ages 55–96). Consistent with previous research on the social integration/mortality link, African American elderly women who were extremely socially isolated were hypothesized to have a higher 5‐year mortality rate. It was also hypothesized that use of community senior services would be negatively associated with 5‐year mortality. Results of logistic regression analysis controlling for age, education, income, and health status found that extremely socially isolated African American elderly women were three times more likely than the nonisolated women to die within the 5‐year period from the initial survey. Use of community senior services did not have a relationship on mortality. Results are discussed in terms of directions for future research and intervention.
Control Beliefs and Faith as Stress Moderators for Korean American Versus Caucasian American Protestants
Authors: Bjorck Jeffrey P. , Lee Yung Soon , Cohen Lawrence H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractExamined relationships among negative life events, four locus of control attributions (Internality, Powerful Others, Chance, and God Control), and psychological distress for Korean American versus Caucasian American Protestants. Negative events and Powerful Others beliefs were positively related to distress, whereas Internality was negatively related to distress. Ethnicity and God Control interacted: The relationship between God Control beliefs and anxiety was negative for Caucasians but positive for Koreans. Three‐way interactions (Ethnicity × Locus of Control × Negative Events) also emerged. As Caucasians' Powerful Others beliefs increased, the positive relationship between negative events and depression became stronger; Koreans' Powerful Others beliefs had no such effect. As Caucasians' God Control beliefs increased, the negative event–depression relationship changed from positive to negative; the reverse was true for Koreans. Findings support the value of assessing ethnoculture and religiousness in stressful life events research.
Primary Prevention Mental Health Programs for Children and Adolescents: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Durlak Joseph A. , Wells Anne M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractUsed meta‐analysis to review 177 primary prevention programs designed to prevent behavioral and social problems in children and adolescents. Findings provide empirical support for further research and practice in primary prevention. Most categories of programs produced outcomes similar to or higher in magnitude than those obtained by many other established preventive and treatment interventions in the social sciences and medicine. Programs modifying the school environment, individually focused mental health promotion efforts, and attempts to help children negotiate stressful transitions yield significant mean effects ranging from 0.24 to 0.93. In practical terms, the average participant in a primary prevention program surpasses the performance of between 59% to 82% of those in a control group, and outcomes reflect an 8% to 46% difference in success rates favoring prevention groups. Most categories of programs had the dual benefit of significantly reducing problems and significantly increasing competencies. Priorities for future research include clearer specification of intervention procedures and program goals, assessment of program implementation, more follow‐up studies, and determining how characteristics of the intervention and participants relate to different outcomes.
In Praise of a Cumulative Prevention Science
Authors: Price Richard H. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDurlak and Wells (1997) provide a pivotal appraisal of prevention research on children and adolescents. Their meta‐analytic approach has the advantages of reducing scientific misjudgments based on single studies, and providing a more balanced evaluation of impact of various interventions; it provides an opportunity for hypothesis finding, helps set methodological standards, allows assessment of working classifications in the field, and an evaluation of the maturity of the prevention field itself. New developmental tasks for the field include incorporating and pursuing the leads produced by these findings, conducting similar research syntheses with other populations and outcomes, and using the results as an impetus to increased operational precision and parsimony.
Prevention Research in Rural Communities: Overview and Concluding Comments
Authors: St. Lawrence Janet S. , Ndiaye Serigne M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the challenges that confront researchers in rural settings, synthesizing the manuscripts in this special issue of The American Journal of Community Psychology. Researchers typically focus on issues of research design, measurement, and data analyses. However, when applied research is conducted in rural settings, greater time and attention are required to identify how the research can be conducted successfully. In this overview of the challenges that confront researchers in rural contexts, qualitative differences between rural and urban environments are described with particular attention to their implications for the conduct of rural research. Finally, theoretical and research topics that can better inform future rural research efforts are disucssed.
The Structure of Problem and Positive Behavior Among American Indian Adolescents: Gender and Community Differences
Authors: Mitchell Christina M. , Beals Janette 
Published: September 2003

AbstractUsing Problem‐Behavior Theory as a framework, the latent structure of problem and positive behaviors was examined within a sample of 1,894 American Indian adolescents. Support was found for a two‐factor second‐order structure in which problem behaviors (antisocial behavior, alcohol use, drug use, and risky sexual behavior) and positive behaviors (school success, cultural activities, competencies, and community‐mindedness) represented two relatively uncorrelated aspects of behavior. Hierarchical multiple regressions demonstrated that the positive behaviors construct contributed significant incremental construct validity in the statistical prediction of psychosocial outcomes, over and above the problem behaviors. In addition, the fit of the structure was examined across gender and the four participating communities. The importance of the inclusion of positive behaviors is discussed from the standpoint of both prevention/promotion activities and the communities' perceptions. Further recommendations are made for deeper understandings of community concerns and strengths in conducting preventive/promotive research efforts.
Primary Prevention Mental Health Programs: The Future is Exciting
Authors: Durlak Joseph A. , Wells Anne M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCurrent outcome research on primary prevention mental health programs is encouraging and the future is exciting. Data continue to accumulate regarding the efficacy of preventive intervention. Exemplary programs can prevent multiple problems across different outcome domains suggesting the need for collaboration among preventionists across disciplines and research areas. The commentators on our review (Durlak and Wells, 1997) offered many useful suggestions to improve the next generation of research. Most recommendations fall broadly under the rubric of increasing the precision of theory, design, and program evaluation. If current recommendations for improving future research are followed, the next reviewers of primary prevention mental health programs for children and adolescents will have a more complete and useful database for analysis.
Mood Management Mail Intervention Increases Abstinence Rates for Spanish‐Speaking Latino Smokers
Authors: Muñoz Ricardo F. , VanOss Marín Barbara , Posner Samuel F. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA self‐administered mood management intervention program for smoking cessation provided through the mail to Spanish‐speaking Latinos resulted in a 23% abstinence rate at 3 months compared to an 11% abstinence rate for a smoking cessation guide alone. Participants (N = 136) were randomly assigned to receive either the cessation guide (the Guía), or the Guía plus a mood management intervention (Tomando Control de su Vida) presented in writing and in audiotape format. At 3 months after random assignment, 16 out of 71 of those assigned to the Guía‐plus‐mood management condition reported being abstinent (not smoking for at least 7 days) compared to 7 out of 65 in the Guía‐only condition (z = 1.8; p = .04, one‐tailed). Moreover, those with a history of major depressive episodes, but not currently depressed, reported an even higher abstinence rate in the Guía‐plus‐mood management condition, compared to the Guía‐only condition (31 vs. 11%, z = 1.8, p = .04, one‐tailed). We conclude that the mood management mail intervention substantially increases abstinence rates, especially for those with a history of major depressive episodes.
Homeless Youths and Young Adults in Los Angeles: Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and the Relationship Between Mental Health and Substance Abuse Disorders
Authors: Unger Jennifer B. , Kipke Michele D. , Simon Thomas R. , Montgomery Susanne B. , Johnson Christine J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlthough understanding of the subsistence patterns, service utilization, and HIV‐risk behaviors of homeless youths and young adults is increasing, relatively little is known about the epidemiology of mental health problems in this group or the relationships between mental health problems and substance use. This study measured symptoms of depression, low self‐esteem, ADHD, suicidality, self‐injurious behavior (SIB), and drug and alcohol use disorder in a sample of homeless youth and young adults living in Hollywood, CA. Results indicated extremely high prevalences of mental health problems, as compared with corresponding rates of mental health problems found among housed youths in previous studies. Prevalence of mental health problems differed by age and ethnicity. African Americans were at lower risk of suicidal thoughts and SIB than were those of other ethnicities. Older respondents and females were at increased risk of depressive symptoms, and younger respondents were at increased risk of SIB. Previous history of sexual abuse and/or assault was associated with increased risk of suicidality and SIB. Risk factors for drug abuse disorder included ethnicity other than African American, homelessness for 1 year or more, suicidality, SIB, depressive symptoms, and low self‐esteem. Risk factors for alcohol abuse disorder included male gender, white ethnicity, homelessness for 1 year or more, suicidality, and SIB. Extremely high rates of mental health problems and substance abuse disorders in this sample suggest the need for street‐based and nontraditional mental health services targeted toward these youths and young adults.
Latinas with Arthritis: Effects of Illness, Role Identity, and Competence on Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Abraído-Lanza Ana F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTested a theoretical model on the effects of social role identity, illness intrusion, and competence on psychological well‐being among 109 low‐income Latinas with arthritis. All six roles studied were rated as highly important identities. Sex‐role nontraditionalism was associated with less importance of the homemaker, mother, and grandmother roles. Negative affect increased as a function of intrusions into valued identities. Having important role identities contributed to feelings of competence (i.e., self‐esteem and self‐efficacy), which in turn, contributed to psychological well‐being. Competence also mediated the effects of pain, identity, and illness intrusions on psychological well‐being. Results suggest competence processes play an important role in well‐being.
Effects of Concerns About Child Care Among Single, Employed Black Mothers with Preschool Children
Authors: Jackson Aurora P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study investigated whether differences in child care arrangements and mothers' attitudes about leaving their child in nonmaternal care were associated with maternal psychological well‐being and perceptions of children in a sample of single, employed, low‐income, Black mothers who were former welfare recipients. Feelings of discomfort with regard to nonmaternal care were associated with higher levels of maternal depressive symptomatology, which, in turn, predicted more negative perceptions of children. Preference for employment and increased working hours were associated with greater life satisfaction. Maternal education and the gender of the child were important moderating variables. Type of child care arrangement was nonsignificant. Policy implications are discussed.
Informal Caregiving to Persons with AIDS in the United States: Caregiver Burden Among Central Cities Residents Eighteen to Forty‐Nine Years Old
Authors: Turner Heather A. , Catania Joseph A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCharacteristics and caregiving experiences of friends and family members caring for people with AIDS (PWAs) were examined. Based on a probability sample of informal AIDS caregivers ages 18–49 living in central cities of the United States (n = 260), analyses were conducted to (a) identify the sociodemographic characteristics of young central city caregivers; and (b) examine the effects of caregiver characteristics (relationship to PWA, gender, race/ethnicity, income, sexual orientation, HIV status, perceived susceptibility), and level of objective caregiving demands, on subjective caregiver burden. Results indicate that the largest group of caregivers in this age category are male friends of the PWA—a group not typically found among caregivers to persons with other types of illnesses. In general, gay or bisexual caregivers, caregivers who have traditional family ties to the PWA, men relative to women, and lower income caregivers, report the greatest burden. While level of caregiving demands represents the most influential predictor of caregiver burden, white and male caregivers experience greater burden, independent of level of involvement and other caregiver characteristics. Receiving instrumental support with caregiving buffers the impact of high objective demands on subjective burden.
The Multitextured Lives of Women of Color
Authors: Bond Meg A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this commentary, I suggest that our work with women of color should be held together by three primary threads: (a) appreciation for history as we decipher and interpret the adaptive strategies of women of color; (b) recognition of the intersections of race, gender, and class as central to our work; and (c) self‐critical examination of the meanings we attach to “difference.” The papers in the current special issue provide good examples regarding the importance of each thread. I argue that attention to these three themes should help us to keep our focus on contextually driven questions and to move forward our appreciation for the lives of women of color.
The Experience of Caregiving Among Mothers of Adults Suffering from Psychotic Disorders: Factors Associated with Their Psychological Distress
Authors: St-Onge Myreille , Lavoie Francine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTo identify correlates of psychological distress among multiple indicators, 99 women with adult children suffering from a psychotic disorder were interviewed. The women, who were recruited through hospitals and self‐help groups, represented different socioeconomic levels. A face‐to‐face standardized interview was conducted, mainly in the participants' homes. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that dimensions of burden and social support were strongly associated with distress reported by the participants. The negative interactions that participants had with their main confidant or spouse constituted a more powerful correlate than their perception of the quality of this relationship. Furthermore, a perception of their own health as poorer is a strong correlate of their distress. Since no control group was studied simultaneously, these results suggest, but do not prove, the presence of differences between mothers of adults with psychotic disorders and other mothers.
Dissociation, posttraumatic symptomatology, and sexual revictimization: A prospective examination of mediator and moderator effects
Authors: Sandberg David A. , Matorin Abigail I. , Lynn Steven Jay 
Published: September 2003

AbstractUsing prospective data gathered from a sample of 323 college women over a 10‐week academic quarter, the present study examined whether dissociation and posttraumatic symptomatology mediate or moderate sexual revictimization. Results indicated that posttraumatic symptomatology, but not dissociation, moderated the link between previous and subsequent sexual victimization. Neither posttraumatic symptomatology nor dissociation mediated revictimization.
Treatment outcome in Australian veterans with combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder: A cause for cautious optimism?
Authors: Creamer Mark , Morris Philip , Biddle Dirk , Elliott Peter 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study investigated treatment outcome in combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were 419 Australian Vietnam veterans who completed a 12‐week hospital‐based program. A comprehensive protocol assessed PTSD, comorbidity, and social functioning at admission and at 3 and 9 months posttreatment. Overall, the group showed significant improvements in core PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, alcohol abuse, social dysfunction, and anger. Changes occurred mostly between admission and 3 months posttreatment, with gains maintained at 9 months. Ratings by patients and their partners indicated perceived improvement and strong satisfaction with treatment. Nevertheless, treatment gains were variable and, for most veterans, considerable pathology remained following the programs. The current study provides grounds for cautious optimism in the treatment of combat‐related PTSD.
Effects of guided imagery on memory distortion in women reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Clancy Susan A. , McNally Richard J. , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe tested whether having participants imagine unusual childhood events inflates their confidence that these events happened to them, and tested whether this effect is greater in women who report recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse than in women who do not. Participants were pretested on how confident they were that certain childhood events had happened to them before being asked to imagine some of these events in the laboratory. New confidence measures were readministered. Although guided imagery did not significantly inflate confidence that early childhood events had occurred in either group, the effect size for inflated confidence was more than twice as large in the control group as in the group with recovered memory. These data suggest that individuals can counteract memory distortions potentially associated with guided imagery, at least under some conditions.
Effects of varying diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder are endorsing the concept of partial PTSD
Authors: Schützwohl Matthias , Maercker Andreas 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the appropriateness of different diagnostic criteria sets for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This was done by varying diagnostic criteria on the diagnosis of PTSD in a study group of N = 146 former political prisoners, and comparing the resulting diagnostic groups with a study group of N = 75 nontraumatized controls with regard to mean scores on measures of subjective distress (i.e., IES‐R, BDI, BAI, SCL‐90‐R). The findings did not support the diagnostic boundaries as defined by the DSM‐IV or the lowering of the avoidance criterion from three to two symptoms. The concept of partial PTSD appeared to be the most appropriate way to provide diagnostic coverage for those who did not meet full DSM IV criteria.
Reliability of reports of violent victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among men and women with serious mental illness
Authors: Goodman Lisa A. , Thompson Kim M. , Weinfurt Kevin , Corl Susan , Acker Pat , Mueser Kim T. , Rosenberg Stanley D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAlthough violent victimization is highly prevalent among men and women with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), future research in this area may be impeded by controversy concerning the ability of individuals with SMI to report traumatic events reliably. This article presents the results of a study exploring the temporal consistency of reports of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual abuse, and adult physical abuse, as well as current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 50 people with SMI. Results show that trauma history and PTSD assessments can, for the most part, yield reliable information essential to further research in this area. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a variety of statistical methods to assess the reliability of self‐reports of trauma history.