bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Baczko Adam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe exercise of justice by an insurgency is a salient dimension of contemporary civil wars. In these situations where dispensing justice is at once a juridical activity, a political weapon, and a stake in the war, how can an armed movement gain recognition for the decisions of its judges as judicial (and not political) acts, despite their having eminently political effects? How did the Taliban judge—who was a Taliban as much as a judge—get the population to recognize him as such? The difficulty in contemplating a Taliban juridical system points to a blind spot in the social sciences. After highlighting the problems with current neopositivist approaches, I propose a sociological approach to law in civil wars based on Bourdieu. The social recognition of the judge as a judge despite the civil war requires the perception of his verdicts as objective, impartial as to the parties involved in the case, but above all detached from what is at stake in the warring context (but which they never are). Taking advantage of ‘the force of the law’ in civil war therefore requires establishing procedures and rules for exercising justice and coercion, even though the legal constraints on the belligerents seem, at first glance, weak or even absent. However, this domination remains extremely precarious, as it depends on the fortunes of war and the competition with other social orders.
Regime justice
Authors: Baczko Adam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn 2001, Western intervention revived the struggle over law and justice between the regime it installed and the Taliban movement it had ousted from power. The juridical system gradually introduced by Western countries resulted in increasing uncertainty for the Afghan population. A maladapted corpus of laws, largely dictated by the cyclical priorities of the various donors, as well as the police and the judiciary undermined by nepotism, led to an unbalanced juridical system favouring the elites and inaccessible to the majority of the population. Western lawyers, experts, humanitarians, military officers, and diplomats worked to have laws enacted that conflicted with the other Afghan laws, influenced appointments to key institutions, invented ad hoc committees, and interfered in court cases. Moreover, the judiciary’s lack of independence favoured the regime’s strongmen, the former commanders from the 1990s who seized entire sections of the state apparatus. These violent entrepreneurs exploited a system for appropriating resources by force, in which the courts lent a legal veneer to violent de facto situations.
Legitimation through law
Authors: Baczko Adam 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBetween 2001 and 2021, the judicial system was an essential part of the Taliban’s claim that they were the state in Afghanistan. In practice, the political and strategic effectiveness of the courts is difficult to assess, although there are many indications that they facilitated the movement’s implantation in previously hostile regions. The Taliban judges operated in a juridical field polarized by the transposition of political confrontation into law and justice. Therefore, users’ assessments of the competing judicial systems directly impacted the ongoing struggle to impose a monopoly on the law’s application. The legitimization of the Taliban courts was conceivable only in relation to that of the regime courts and the characterizations of the judicial practices of the actors of the intervention. In comparison, Taliban judgments were considered more effective, not the least because they were better respected locally than the government’s. They were felt to be a source of predictability in daily life, helping to establish the legal nature of the Taliban verdicts and thus the legal nature of their hold over the population. However, the international recognition enjoyed by the Kabul regime gave its courts an official—and therefore more lasting—character, which the Taliban judicial system never achieved.
Governing in an Age of Distrust
Authors: Weinberg James 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite the existence of a large literature on themes relating to trust and distrust in politics, there has been no sustained research on the primary objects of trust: politicians. This is an intriguing blind spot with important implications for our understanding of democratic representation and governance. This book tackles this gap head on by asking whether politicians accurately perceive and act upon the trust placed in them. In doing so, the author draws on unique survey and interview data gathered from nationally and locally elected politicians in different countries that have faced a crisis of political trust in recent decades—principally, the United Kingdom, Canada, and South Africa. The author identifies different types of ‘political trustees’ and subsequently analyses the relationship between their perceptions of trust and a variety of outcomes such as politicians’ blame avoidance behaviour and personal well-being. Taking a new and innovative approach to research on trust and elite political behaviour, the author tackles questions that are arguably of paramount importance if we are to understand when, why, and how politicians do or do not deliver on the promise of democracy.
Introduction
Authors: Weinberg James 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter starts by briefly outlining contemporary patterns of political trust and discussing the specific importance of politicians’ behaviour for this area of public opinion. Drawing down from this ‘anti-politics’ context, the chapter then presents the core argument of this book: that the appraisive potential of trust and distrust in politics depends in large part on whether politicians share in common understandings of these concepts and accurately perceive the trust or distrust placed in them. Finally, the chapter clarifies the key concepts used in the book (the family of ‘felt’ trust concepts) before introducing the data and research it is based upon. This introduction concludes with short summaries of what the reader can expect in each of the remaining chapters
The Chinese Revolution
Authors: Gill Graeme 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The subject of this chapter is the Chinese Revolution, from around 1930 up until 1970. The Chinese Revolution differs from the French and Russian in that the communists exercised control over significant parts of China before achieving national victory in 1949. As a result, revolutionary and transformational terror coincided in those areas they ruled prior to the achievement of national power. Having achieved control of China nationally in 1949–1950, transformational terror continued to be used in the process of carrying out a program of social transformation, including most importantly agricultural collectivization. Inverted terror broke out with the onset of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, something for which Mao was personally responsible. Throughout, the role of the populace in struggle meetings was important.
Nuclear Orientalism
Authors: Rahim Sana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of Chapter 2 is to look at the dominant discourses around nuclear weapons and understand their dominance by examining their pictures of reason (Pin-Fat, 2010). The first picture examined is the Realist Deterrence Theory, which articulates nuclear deterrence and nuclear politics through an account of power, geopolitics, and the strategic logic of processes such as Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The second is the Liberal Institutional Theory, the neoliberal approach to theorizing nuclear politics. This holds that institutions and rules can facilitate mutually beneficial effects (Keohane, 2012). This is done by focusing specifically on Pakistan’s appeals to these pictures of reason. With this, there is a clear understanding of the mainstream approach to the rationality of nuclear weapons and how Pakistan attempts to be a part of this. In the second part of this chapter, postcolonial critique of Western rationality and the construction of threats are introduced.
The Othering of Pakistan
Authors: Rahim Sana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents an understanding of social reality subjectively, showing how the different labels are produced and attached to both Pakistan and Pakistanis. The chapter questions the ideological representation of the colonial subject as primitive and deviant and the inextricable link between imperial power and representation. Three common tropes or intelligence grids are examined that Pakistanis fell into within the Western Security discourse: ‘juvenile’, ‘dangerous’, and ‘manipulative’. This form of Othering allow Pakistanis to be thought of as predatory, threatening, wicked, and incomprehensible. It is argued that these are similar Orientalist and racist assumptions and underpinnings that are rooted in history and have been narrated over and over again and are used to malign an already marginalized and silenced community.
History of Urban Form of India
Authors: Shankar Pratyush 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The History of Urban Form of India covers key historical moments in the country from the point of view of urban development. The book is divided into ten chapters that are representing a larger regional and historical era or a particular political-economic arrangement. This book is an attempt to make sense of the complex spaces of Indian cities from a historical perspective. The focus is toward understanding the unique morphology of cities in the Indian sub-continent while trying to unearth the forces that influence the same. The author is particularly interested in understanding if at all Indian cities of the past manage to create a public life or public sphere; a hallmark of a true city. For example how the cities of Deccan develop a culture and spatial practice of suburban public spaces on account of the presence of tombs and abodes of the Sufi saints or how Princely states managed to make good of the partial autonomy they enjoyed during the colonial rule and few of them managed to create new urban practices that contributed to social life and well-being of its citizens. The book also has an interesting comparison between the British, French, and Portuguese colonial practices and its different manifestations in the spaces of their respective colonial cities in India. The book is ideal for scholars of architecture, urban planning, urban design, urban studies, and for people generally curious about cities.
Self-Love and Authoritative Virtue
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This chapter challenges the traditional claim that the ethical views of Aristotle and Kant are so fundamentally opposed that the two are not even in the same business. It reads EE VIII.3’s presentation of the distinction between an agent who is merely good [agathos] and an agent who is fine-and-good [kaloskagathos] as evidence that Aristotle was committed to some version of the “conditionality thesis” associated with Socrates and the Stoics but closely akin to Kant’s view (which may have come through the Stoics) that a good will is the only thing good without qualification. In EE VIII.3 and related texts, Aristotle seems to endorse this view: the value to an agent of any so-called good—apart from phronêsis itself—is conditional on the agent’s phronêsis, aka “authoritative” (as distinct from “natural”) virtue. Without this, these so-called goods fail to benefit—and may even harm—those who possess them.
The Pleasures of Thinking Together
Authors: Whiting Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A commentary on Eudemian Ethics VII.12, where Aristotle argues (as in Nicomachean Ethics IX.9) that the most self-sufficient human being will want to live together with a friend, enjoying awareness of her friend’s thoughts and actions. EN IX.9 does not mention God, but EE VII.12 attacks the common assimilation of the best human being to a God. For, as Aristotle argues in Metaphysics XII, the pleasures of human (as distinct from divine) thought require objects distinct from themselves, the better the objects the more pleasant the thought. Pleasure is crucial here, but commentators miss this because they fail to see how the argument draws on Metaphysics XII’s reply to Plato’s Philebus. Editors have also emended the highly corrupt text in ways that conflate distinct steps in a reasonably clear argument from the value of a subject’s own awareness to pleasure taken in the goodness of its objects (including her friends).
Secreted HLA-Fc fusion profiles immunopeptidome in hypoxic PDAC and cellular senescence
Authors: Rettko Nicholas J , Kirkemo Lisa L , Wells James A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) present peptides largely from intracellular proteins on cell surfaces. As these complexes can serve as biomarkers in disease, proper identification of peptides derived from disease-associated antigens and the corresponding presenting HLA is important for the design and execution of therapeutic strategies. Yet, current mass spectrometry methods for immunopeptidomic profiling require large and complex sample inputs, hindering the study of certain disease phenotypes and lowering confidence in peptide and allele identification. Here, we describe a secreted HLA (sHLA)-Fc fusion construct for simple single HLA allele profiling in hypoxic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cellular senescence. This method streamlines sample preparation, enables temporal control, and provides allele-restricted target identification. Over 30,000 unique HLA-associated peptides were identified across 2 different HLA alleles and 7 cell lines, with ∼9,300 peptides newly discovered. The sHLA-Fc fusion capture technology holds the potential to expedite immunopeptidomics and advance therapeutic interest in HLA-peptide complexes.
Clinical heterogeneity and prognostic factors of anti-synthetase syndrome: a multi-centred retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Hoi San , Tang Iris Yan Ki , Ho Roy Tsz Chung , Young Joyce Kit Yu , Lai Billy Tin Lok , Chung Judy Yuen Kwan , Yung Amy Ka Man , Cheung Chris Ching Lam , Lee Patrick Man Leung , So Ho 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASyS) patients have heterogeneous clinical manifestations with different initial presentations, complications and outcomes. This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and complications in patients with ASyS, and to identify factors that were associated with the survival of ASyS patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective multicentre longitudinal study. Patients fulfilling either Connor’s criteria or Solomon’s criteria for ASyS were recruited. Electronic health records were reviewed until October 2022. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors. Auto-antibodies were checked by commercial immunoassays.

Results
A total of 205 patients (anti-Jo1 49.3%, anti-PL7 19.0%, anti-EJ 11.2%, anti-PL12 10.2% and anti-OJ 3.4%) were included. The median follow-up time was 4 years. The time from symptoms onset to diagnosis was significantly longer for non-anti-Jo1 patients (median 5 vs 3 months). Common initial presentations included myositis (56.1%), arthritis (54.6%) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (54.1%). Patients with anti-Jo1 had significantly higher muscle enzyme levels and more arthritis. All patients with anti-EJ would develop ILD on follow-up and malignancy was noted in 28.6% of the anti-OJ positive patients; 15.6% of the patients died and pulmonary diseases (ILD or pneumonia) were the major causes. Age at diagnosis, malignancy and rapidly progressive ILD were independently associated with mortality, while joint manifestation was a protective factor.

Conclusion
In view of the heterogeneity of clinical presentation of ASyS, a high index of suspicion and early checking of specific autoantibodies might help prompt diagnosis of ASyS and detection of related complications.
Circadian blood pressure dysregulation in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Khan Md Tareq Ferdous , Smith David F , Schuler Christine L , Witter Abigail M , DiFrancesco Mark W , Armoni Domany Keren , Amin Raouf S , Hossain Md Monir 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) adversely affects normal blood pressure (BP) and may disrupt circadian BP patterns. We sought to examine 24-hour circadian BP rhythms in children with OSA and healthy controls.

Methods
Children 5–14 years with OSA and healthy controls underwent 24-hour BP monitoring and actigraphy to quantify sleep. Shape invariant statistical models compared circadian BP patterns (e.g. times of BP peaks, time arrived at peak BP velocity [TAPV]) in the OSA and control groups.

Results
The analytic sample included 219 children (mild OSA: n = 52; moderate-to-severe OSA (MS-OSA): n = 50; controls: n = 117). In the morning, the MS-OSA group had earlier TAPV for DBP than controls (51 minutes, p &lt; 0.001). TAPV in the evening was earlier for the MS-OSA group than controls (SBP: 95 minutes, p &lt; 0.001; DBP: 28 minutes, p = 0.028). At mid-day, SBP and DBP velocity nadirs were earlier for the MS-OSA group than controls (SBP: 57 minutes, p &lt; 0.001; DBP: 38 minutes, p &lt; 0.01). The MS-OSA group reached most BP values significantly earlier than controls; the largest differences were 118 minutes (SBP) and 43 minutes (DBP) (p &lt; 0.001). SBP and DBP were elevated in the MS-OSA group (hours 18–21 and 7–-12, respectively, p &lt; 0.01) compared to controls. The MS-OSA group was prone to “non-dipping” compared to controls (SBP: odds ratio [OR] = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.29; DBP: OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.23).

Conclusions
Children with MS-OSA had changes in circadian BP patterns, namely earlier TAPV and BP peaks and nadirs than controls. Circadian disturbances in BP rhythms may be key to mapping the natural history of BP dysregulation in children with OSA.
Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) QSAR combination prediction model establishment and structural characteristics interpretation
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Min , Zhang Dalong , Zhang Shujing , Zhang Li , Wang Xiaojun , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders on the rise, it is imperative to screen and evaluate developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) compounds from a large number of environmental chemicals and understand their mechanisms. In this study, DNT qualitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was carried out for the first time based on DNT data of mammals and structural characterization of DNT compounds was preliminarily illustrated. Five different classification algorithms and two feature selection methods were used to construct prediction models. The best model had good predictive ability on the external test set, but a small application domain (AD). Through combining of three different models, both MCC and AD values were improved. Furthermore, electronical properties, van der Waals volume-related properties and S, Cl or P containing substructure were found to be associated with DNT through modeling descriptors analysis and structure alerts (SAs) identification. This study lays a foundation for further DNT prediction of environmental exposures in human and contributes to the understanding of DNT mechanism.
Risk factors for mortality in an African pediatric emergency department: case of Sourô Sanou Hospital, a prospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Barro Makoura , Ouattara Cheick Ahmed , Sanogo Bintou , Baby Abdel Aziz , Ouattara Ad Bafa Ibrahim , Nacro Fatimata Sahoura , Traoré Isidore Tiandiogo , Kalmogho Angèle , Ouermi Alain Saga , Ouoba Réné Souanguimpari , Cessouma Klangboro Raymond , Nacro Boubacar 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Childhood mortality rates remain high in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the causes and associated factors of pediatric emergency mortality at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso.

Methodology
This was a cross-sectional study with prospective collection from June to August 2020. We documented and analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics by means or proportions. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with childhood mortality.

Results
From 618 pediatric patients admitted to pediatric emergency unit, 80 (12.9%) were documented as death outcomes. The mean age was 34.10 ± 36.38 months. The male sex represented 51.25%. The main diagnoses were severe malaria (61.25%), acute gastroenteritis (11.25%) and pneumonia (10%); 48.75% of the patients were malnourished and only 55% were fully immunized. The average length of hospitalization was 2.73 ± 3.03 days. Mortality was a strongly significant association with late come to the emergency unit (AOR = 1.11, CI = 1.04–1.18), young maternal age (AOR = 0.95, CI = 0.92-0.99) and incomplete vaccination (AOR = 1.94, CI = 1.13-3.31).

Conclusion
The in-hospital mortality rate was 12.94%; younger maternal age, delay in consultation, unimmunized or incompletely immunized status and shorter hospital stays were significantly associated with death.
Racial Disparities in Hysterectomy Route for Benign Disease: Examining Trends and Perioperative Complications From 2007 to 2018 Using the NSQIP Database
Authors: Carey Erin T. , Moore Kristin J. , McClurg Asha B. , Degaia Ayana , Tyan Paul , Schiff Lauren , Dieter Alexis A. 
Published: December 2023

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2023;30(8):627–634)
One of the most common gynecological procedures performed within the United States, the trends of hysterectomy types have changed over the past 30 years, with the 1990s demonstrating predominantly abdominal hysterectomies, whereas current trends tend to favor minimally invasive hysterectomies (MIHs) using laparoscopic or vaginal routes. In addition, within the hysterectomy trend, it is notable that higher rates of abdominal hysterectomy and postoperative complications occur for Black and Hispanic women as seen across varying health care systems.