bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Company learning about corporate social responsibility
Authors: Cramer Jacqueline 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis article analyses the learning experiences gained by 19 Dutch companies when implementing the concept of corporate social responsibility in their own business practices. It is concluded that learning processes took place at individual level and, in certain cases, at group level. Learning at the level of the organization as a whole was still one bridge too far for practically all companies. Moreover, the analysis showed that transferring first‐order learning experiences turned out to be relatively easy. Getting across the fundamentals behind corporate social responsibility that could lead to second‐order learning was much harder. Much depended on the extent to which the concept of corporate social responsibility had become an integral part of the business culture. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Conditions for the success of negotiated agreements: partnerships for environmental improvement in the Netherlands
Authors: Bressers Hans , de Bruijn Theo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSince the late 1980s, Dutch environmental policy has built on close collaboration with industry, meaning: between industry on one side and governments on the other side. Through negotiations between sectors of industry, and the Ministry of the Environment and regional governments, agreements have been sought concerning the contribution of specific sectors to often ambitious environmental policy goals. After concluding agreements representatives of the same organizations frequently form committees to guide and maintain the implementation. Since 1989 more than 70 agreements have been reached. During 2002/2003 we were commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of the Environment to carry out the official evaluation of the negotiated agreements. Business leaders all over the world regard the Dutch approach as a promising example of how public policy can accommodate corporate social responsibility endeavours into business itself. In the Netherlands business support for this policy strategy is still extremely strong, but what are the prerequisites for properly functioning negotiated agreements? This article reports our empirical research on the subject. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Limited partnership: the lack of sustainable development in relation to participation in Hungarian public–private partnerships
Authors: Regéczi David 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPublic–private partnerships represent a new form of network governance, potentially offering flexibility, economic efficiencies and non‐governmental participation in policy development. Such partnerships can be viewed in terms of sustainable development, achieving two of its three tenets – economic and social growth. Combining growth and participation has particular appeal in transition economies such as Hungary's, where both need stimulation. However, policy‐making at the national level in Hungary inhibits participation. One key element of partnerships is trust. In transition economies such as Hungary, public‐ and private‐sector actors have not had the time to develop the relationships necessary to create partnerships based on joint decision‐making. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
CSOs and business partnerships: strategies for interaction
Authors: Ählström Jenny , Sjöström Emma 
Published: July 2005

AbstractCross‐sectoral partnerships have increasingly been promoted as a solution to environmental and social problems. This presupposes participation of civil society organizations (CSOs). The article probes whether the partnership idea is prevailing among CSOs. The purpose of the study is to explore what underlies CSOs' approaches to interaction with business.The study finds that, based on their background and tactics for business interaction, CSOs can be divided into Preservers, Protesters, Modifiers and Scrutinizers. Among these, solely the Preservers have a strategy of engaging in partnerships with business. The Protesters, Modifiers and Scrutinizers, on the other hand, take on a strategy of independence. This finding indicates that corporations that seek to successfully partner with CSOs should be wary that such collaboration is not in line with the strategy of all CSOs, and that for the same reasons the prevailing partnership promotion might be problematic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Corporate awakening – why (some) corporations embrace public–private partnerships
Authors: LaFrance Julie , Lehmann Martin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPredominantly since the 1992 Rio Summit, corporations have been increasingly pursuing partnerships with public institutions including governments, international organizations and NGOs that aim to contribute to sustainable development activities. Partnerships have become more common as corporations react to mounting pressure from corporate stakeholders, civil society and government on the responsible nature of their business practices.The corporate awakening towards a broader role of business in society and the trend of corporations embracing partnerships has led many to question the driving factors that motivate corporations to pursue partnerships. In this paper, the authors examine the underlying drivers of corporate organizational behaviour from the theoretical perspectives of both legitimacy and stakeholder needs, and discuss the challenges of gaining insight into why corporations embrace public–private partnerships. These theoretical perspectives are used to gain a deeper understanding of the corporate drivers that motivated TOTAL S.A. to approach UNESCO for cooperation on community development programmes in Myanmar. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Interaction of the Catalytic Domain of Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate 3‐Kinase A with Inositol Phosphate Analogues
Authors: Poinas Alexandra , Backers Katrien , Riley Andrew M. , Mills Stephen J. , Moreau Colette , Potter Barry V. L. , Erneux Christophe 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe levels of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] in the cytoplasm are tightly regulated by two enzymes, Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase and type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5‐phosphatase. The catalytic domain of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase (isoenzymes A, B and C) is restricted to approximately 275 amino acids at the C‐terminal end. We were interested in understanding the catalytic mechanism of this key family of enzymes in order to exploit this in inhibitor design. We expressed the catalytic domain of rat Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase A in Escherichia coli as a His‐ and S‐tagged fusion protein. The purified enzyme was used in an Ins(1,4,5)P3 kinase assay to phosphorylate a series of inositol phosphate analogues with three or four phosphate groups. A synthetic route to D‐2‐deoxy‐Ins(1,4,5)P3 was devised. D‐2‐Deoxy‐Ins(1,4,5)P3 and D‐3‐deoxy‐Ins(1,4,6)P3 were potent inhibitors of the enzyme, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Amongst all analogues tested, only D‐2‐deoxy‐Ins(1,4,5)P3 appears to be a good substrate of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 3‐kinase. Therefore, the axial 2‐hydroxy group of Ins(1,4,5)P3 is not involved in recognition of the substrate nor does it participate in the phosphorylation mechanism of Ins(1,4,5)P3. In contrast, the equatorial 3‐hydroxy function must be present in that configuration for phosphorylation to occur. Our data indicate the importance of the 3‐hydroxy function in the mechanism of inositol trisphosphate phosphorylation rather than in substrate binding.
Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents
Authors: Mertens Rolf , Granzen Bernd , Lassay Lisa , Bucsky Peter , Hundgen Manfred , Stetter Gunter , Heimann Gerhard , Weiss Claudia , Hess Clemens F. , Gademann Gunther 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreliminary results of combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and postradiation interferon beta (IFN‐β) in children and adolescents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, especially in high‐risk patients, have been promising.METHODSFrom 1992 to 2003, 59 patients (58 high‐risk patients and 1 low‐risk patient, median age 13 yrs; range, 8–25 yrs) were treated in the GPOH‐NPC‐91 study. The Stage II patient received irradiation as initial therapy. Fifty‐eight patients received preradiation chemotherapy with methotrexate, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil. The cumulative radiation dose to primary sites was 59.4 Gy, a total dose of 45 Gy was delivered to the neck area. After irradiation, all patients were treated with 105 U recombinant IFN‐β/kg body weight 3 times a week for 6 months.RESULTSAfter combination therapy, complete response was accomplished in 58 patients. In one patient, there was tumor progression during chemotherapy. In 3 patients, distant metastases were observed 14, 15, and 18 months after diagnosis, respectively. One patient had a local relapse 12 months after diagnosis. Fifty‐four patients are still in first remission with a median follow‐up of 48 months (range, 10–110 mos). Chemotherapy‐related toxicity was mucositis Grade II, III, or IV in all patients and acute cardiotoxicity in 2 (3.5%) of the patients. Nephrotoxicity Grade I–II occurred in 8.8% of patients.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of initial chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and IFN‐β results in an excellent outcome. These results strongly support the development of a future treatment strategy along this line. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Performance enhancement approach of the Wiener beamforming in DS/CDMA systems
Authors: Kim Kyungseok , Cho Juphil 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn efficient performance enhancement scheme using the persymmetric covariance matrix structure to enhance the performance of the Wiener beamforming in DS/CDMA systems is proposed. The main idea of the proposed scheme is to reduce the interference‐plus‐noise effect from the pre‐correlation array covariance matrix using the persymmetric covariance matrix in a weight vector calculation for the Wiener beamforming. Generally, the persymmetric covariance matrix has the theoretical properties such as Toeplitz structure matrix or a positive semidefinite matrix. The persymmetric covariance matrix structure is obtained from the pre‐correlation array covariance matrix using one of three methods, which are Toeplitz matrix approximation (TMA) method, forward/backward averaging (FBA) method and Toeplitz‐plus‐Hankel approximation (THA) method. Simulation results are shown with the various parameters that demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
CAC and routing for multi‐service networks with blocked wide‐band calls delayed, part I: exact link MDP framework
Authors: Nordström Ernst , Dziong Zbigniew 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we study the call admission control (CAC) and routing issue in multi‐service networks. Two categories of calls are considered: a narrow‐band (NB) with blocked calls cleared and a wide‐band (WB) with blocked calls delayed. The objective function is formulated as reward maximisation with penalty for delay. The optimisation is subject to quality of service (QoS) constraints and, possibly, grade of service (GoS) constraints. A suboptimal solution is achieved by applying Markov decision process (MDP) theory together with a two‐level approximation. First, the network is decomposed into a set of links assumed to have independent Markov and reward processes respectively. Second, the dimensions of the link Markov and reward processes are reduced by aggregation of the call classes into call categories. The CAC and routing policy is computed by the policy iteration algorithm from MDP theory. The numerical results show that the proposed CAC and routing method, based on the exact link MDP framework, is able to find an efficient trade‐off between reward loss and average call set‐up delay, outperforming conventional methods such as the least loaded routing (LLR). Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Toward direct determination of conformations of protein building units from multidimensional NMR experiments VI. Chemical shift analysis of his to gain 3D structure and protonation state information
Authors: Hudáky Péter , Perczel András 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNMR–chemical shift structure correlations were investigated by using GIAO‐RB3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) formalism. Geometries and chemical shifts (CSI values) of 103 different conformers of N′‐formyl‐L‐histidinamide were determined including both neutral and charged protonation forms. Correlations between amino acid torsional angle values and chemical shifts were investigated for the first time for an aromatic and polar amino acid residue whose side chain may carry different charges. Linear correlation coefficients of a significant level were determined between chemical shifts and dihedral angles forCSI[1Hα]/φ,CSI[13Cα]/φ, andCSI[13Cα]/ψ. Protonation of the imidazole ring induces the upfield shift ofCSI[13Cα] for positively charged histidines and an opposite effect for the negative residue. We investigated the correspondence of theoretical and experimental13Cα,13Cβ, and1Hαchemical shifts and the nine basic conformational building units characteristic for proteins. These three chemical shift values allow the identification of conformational building units at 80% accuracy. These results enable the prediction of additional regular secondary structural elements (e.g., polyProlineII, inverse γ‐turns) and loops beyond the assignment of chemical shifts to α‐helices and β‐pleated sheets. Moreover, the location of the His residue can be further specified in a β‐sheet. It is possible to determine whether the appropriate residue is located at the middle or in a first/last β‐strand within a β‐sheet based on calculated CSI values. Thus, the attractive idea of establishing local residue specific backbone folding parameters in peptides and proteins by employing chemical shift information (e.g.,1Hαand13Cα) obtained from selected heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments (e.g., 2D‐HSQC) is reinforced. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1307–1317, 2005
Factors affecting the levels of catechins and caffeine in tea beverage: estimated daily intakes and antioxidant activity
Authors: Shishikura Yoko , Khokhar Santosh 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIncreased public awareness of health benefits of green tea is generally based on the high polyphenol content of tea leaves and the resulting beverage. A number of factors, such as species, season, agronomic condition and age of the leaves, are known to affect the composition of commercial teas. In the present study the effects of factors associated with domestic preparation and analytical methods, such as brewing time, concentration, solvent and type of tea product, on levels of catechins and caffeine, antioxidant activity and estimated daily intakes were investigated. There were large variations in the levels of total catechins: 43 and 117 mg g−1 dry matter (DM) (brewed for 30 s and 5 min respectively); 72 and 161 mg g−1 DM (extracted in boiling water and 50% acetonitrile respectively); 72 and 117 mg g−1 DM (a tea bag and tea leaves respectively). The effects on caffeine content were comparatively smaller. These variations consequently led to considerable variations in estimated daily intakes based on three cups (600 ml), ranging between 538 and 2014 mg g−1 DM of total catechins and between 103 and 466 mg g−1 DM of caffeine. The antioxidant activity was highest (26 680 µmol g−1 DM) for tea leaves brewed for 5 min and lowest (10 110 µmol g−1 DM) for a tea bag product brewed for 1 min. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparisons of outcomes and survivals for two central venous access port systems
Authors: Hou Shaw‐Min , Wang Pa‐Chun , Sung Yung‐Chuan , Lee Henry Hsin‐Chung , Liu Han‐Ting , Chen Ya‐Hui 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundThis study compares the outcomes and survivals between two central venous access port systems.Study DesignMedical records from 298 cancer patients who had received open‐end (Deltec, N = 159) or closed‐end (Groshong, N = 139) port catheter insertions were retrospectively reviewed.MethodsThe infection, thrombosis, and surgical complication rates (chi‐square test), as well as mean catheter‐indwelling‐days (t‐test) were compared. Kaplan Meier analysis and stratified log rank test were used to compare actuarial survival rates. Cox proportion hazard model was applied to analyze the outcomes predictors.ResultsThe total catheter‐indwelling‐day was 116,603 days in general for this cohort. The Groshong catheters (569 ± 386.1 days) had longer (P < 0.001) mean catheter‐indwelling‐day than did Deltec catheters (239 ± 235.6 days). But the per 1,000 catheter day infection (Deltec 0.18, Groshong 0.16), thrombosis (Deltec 0.07, Groshong 0.06), and surgical complication rates (Deltec 0.07, Groshong 0.02) were equivalent (P > 0.05) between two groups. Patients with leukemia were at higher risk (odds ratio 13.4, P = 0.009) to develop adverse events. However, two types of catheters had similar actuarial survival rates at end of follow up (P > 0.05).ConclusionWe found infection, thrombosis occlusion, surgical complication, and actuarial device survival rates were similar between Deltec and Groshong groups. Hematogenous malignancy was a risk factor for catheter failure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:61–66. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Bani‐Hani Kamal E. , Gharaibeh Kamal A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe incidence of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is rising. Our aim was to present our experience with this entity in order to increase the awareness about this disease to avoid misdiagnosis.MethodsRecords of seven patients with histologically confirmed MPM were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathological findings were studied in detail.ResultsThere were two females and 5 males; mean age was 50.3 years (range 16–73). Asbestos exposure was recorded in two patients, familial Mediterranean fever in one and previous radiation in one. Main presentations were abdominal pain and distension. None of the patients was diagnosed preoperatively. The average delay in diagnosis was 10 months. Calretinin expression was identified in all tumors. Three patients were treated with cytoreductive surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy. Two patients who remain alive were young female patients who were diagnosed by laparoscopic incidental findings and were treated with cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC). Median survival was 19.7 months. The average survival time of the five patients who died of their diseases was 10.2 months.ConclusionsAn awareness of MPM is important to prevent misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemistry has an important role in confirming the diagnosis. MPM remains a difficult therapeutic challenge. Thorough cytoreductive surgery is the cornerstone of current treatment while HIIC is a promising strategy in suitable patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:17–25. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utilization of Moiré interferometry to study strain transfer across polymer interfaces within multilayer thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Wang Mao , Wood Judy , Drews Michael J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a moiré interferometry technique was used to study the viscoelastic strain distributions within and across the interfaces of multilayer thermoplastic elastomers, which were fabricated as models for functionally modulus‐graded materials. Two types of interfaces, those formed from miscible and immiscible pairs of the same thickness, were fabricated within multilayer thermoplastic samples. The analysis of the moiré fringe patterns indicated that there was a large normal strain, εy, concentration at the polymer interfaces formed from the immiscible or partially miscible pairs. However, this large normal strain was not observed at the interfaces formed from the miscible pairs. These results suggest that the magnitude of strain concentrations at polymer interfaces within functionally modulus‐graded materials could be significantly reduced by extensive chain interdiffusion, which could be promoted by careful selection of miscible polymer pairs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2196–2206, 2005
Optical and electrical properties of terbium films as a function of hydrogen concentration
Authors: Azofeifa Daniel , Clark Neville , Vargas William 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe absorption of hydrogen in the rare earth metals produces interesting changes in their optical and electrical properties. In this work we study these properties on Tb films, 50 nm thick, as a function of hydrogen concentration. The Tb films are covered with a 15 nm thick Pd overcoat which allows hydrogenation while protecting the highly reactive Tb film from contamination. Electrical resistivity is measured using the van der Pauw method, the transmission spectra are measured in the visible region and the concentration using a quartz crystal microbalance. The maximum concentration reached was 2.95 H/Tb at a hydrogen pressure of 450 Torr. From the measured transmission spectra, using a Spectral Projected Gradient Method, we obtain the Tb film's complex refractive index. From this we calculate the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, ε1 and ε2, and follow their evolution as a function of hydrogen concentration. ε1 changes from negative values, characteristic of metals, to positive values characteristic of semiconductors and dielectrics. ε2 decreases indicating a significant decrease in light absorption. These results are similar to those observed on Dy, Gd, La and Y films. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio study of molecular oxygen adsorption on Pu (111) surface
Authors: Huda M. N. , Ray A. K. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractUsing the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory (DFT), molecular and dissociative oxygen adsorptions on a Pu (111) surface has been studied in detail. Dissociative adsorption with a layer‐by‐layer alternate spin arrangement of the plutonium layer is found to be energetically more favorable, and adsorption of oxygen does not change this feature. Hor1 (O2 is parallel to the surface and lattice vectors) approach on the center2 (center of the unit cell, where there is a Pu atom directly below on the third layer) site, both without and with spin polarization, was found to be the preferred chemisorbed site among all cases studied with chemisorption energies of 8.365 and 7.897 eV, respectively. The second‐highest chemisorption energy occurs at the Ver (O2 is vertical to the surface) approach of the bridge site with chemisorption energies of 8.294 eV (non‐spin‐polarized) and 7.859 eV (spin‐polarized), respectively. We find that 5f electrons are more localized in the spin‐polarized case than the non‐spin‐polarized counterparts. Localization of the 5f electrons is higher in the oxygen‐adsorbed plutonium layers compared with the bare layers. The ionic part of OPu bonding plays a significant role in the chemisorption process, along with Pu 5fO 2p hybridization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005