bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding mechanisms for Thermobifida fusca Cel5A, Cel6B, and Cel48A cellulose‐binding modules on bacterial microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Jung Hyungil , Wilson David B. , Walker Larry P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe family II cellulose‐binding modules (CBM) from Thermobifida fusca Cel5A and Cel48A were cloned in the Escherichia coli/Streptomyces shuttle vector pD730, and the plasmids were transformed into Streptomyces lividans TKM31. CBMCel5A, and CBMCel48A, CBMCel6B were expressed and purified from S. lividans. The molecular masses were determined by mass spectrometry, and the values were 10595 ± 2, 10915 ± 2, and 11291 ± 2 Da for CBMCel5A, CBMCel6B, and CBMCel48A, respectively. Three different binding models (Langmuir, Interstice Penetration, and Interstice Saturation) were tested to describe the binding isotherms of these CBMs on bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC). The experimental binding isotherms of T. fusca family II CBMs on BMCC are best modeled by the Interstice Saturation model, which includes binding to the constrained interstice surface of BMCC as well as traditional Langmuir binding on the freely accessible surface. The Interstice Saturation model consists of three different steps (Langmuir binding, interstice binding, and interstice saturation). Full reversibility only occurred in the Langmuir region. The irreversibility in the interstice binding and saturation regions probably was caused by interstice entrapment. Temperature shift experiments in different binding regions support the interstice entrapment assumption. There was no systematic difference in binding between the two types of exocellulase CBMs—one that hydrolyzes cellulose from the nonreducing (CBMCel6B) end and one that hydrolyzes cellulose from the reducing end (CBMCel48A). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 380–392, 2002.
Growth of Artemisia annua hairy roots in liquid‐ and gas‐phase reactors
Authors: Kim Yoo Jeong , Weathers Pamela J. , Wyslouzil Barbara E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractArtemisia annua hairy roots were grown in liquid‐phase bubble column and gas‐phase nutrient mist reactors. In most cases the bubble column reactor accumulated more biomass than the mist reactor; the highest final biomass concentrations observed were 15.3 g DW/L in the bubble column reactor and 14.4 g DW/L in the mist reactor. Further analysis showed that the average specific growth rate in the mist reactors was essentially constant and independent of the biomass concentration at the beginning of the mist mode. In contrast, at low packing densities the average growth rate in the bubble column reactors was higher than in the mist reactors, decreasing to comparable rates at high packing densities. Finally, an aerosol deposition model was used to compare the volume of medium captured by the root bed in the mist reactor to the volume of medium required to maintain a specified growth rate. The results suggest that under the current operating conditions, lower growth rates in the mist reactor may be due to insufficient nutrient availability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 454–464, 2002.
Correcting mass isotopomer distributions for naturally occurring isotopes
Authors: Van Winden Wouter A. , Wittmann Christoph , Heinzle Elmar , Heijnen Joseph J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn one method of metabolic flux analysis, simulated mass spectrometry data is fitted to measured mass distributions of metabolites that are isolated from cultures with defined feeding of 13C‐labeled substrates. Doing so, simulated mass distributions must be corrected for the presence of naturally occurring isotopes. A method that was recently introduced for this purpose consists of consecutive correction steps for each isotope of each element in the considered compound. Here we show that all isotopes of each individual element must, however, be corrected in one single step. Furthermore, it is shown that the source of information with respect to isotopic compositions of the elements needs to be chosen with care. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 477–479, 2002.
Continuous annular chromatography: General characterization and application for the isolation of recombinant protein drugs
Authors: Vogel Jens H. , Nguyen Huong , Pritschet Markus , Van Wegen Richard , Konstantinov Konstantin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIsolation of recombinant protein drugs from cell culture supernatant is usually performed in batch mode, even if the fermentation process itself is continuous. As a novel approach, continuous separation techniques like continuous annular chromatography (CAC) can be used for continuous isolation. The potential of CAC for industrial application is demonstrated by continuous isolation of rFVIII from cell culture supernatant in pilot scale (i.e., 144–288 l/day). Thirty‐fold concentration can be achieved at 94% yield, while purity is increased 3–5‐fold. For this a batch direct feed ion exchange chromatography method was adapted to a commercial preparative CAC system (P‐CAC). A headspace loading technique was used to maximize the concentration factor, while buffer incompatibility problems were addressed by a specifically modified inlet geometry. To allow sterile on‐line coupling to FVIII‐producing perfusion fermenters, an autoclavable pilot scale P‐CAC prototype was developed. General characterization of P‐CAC revealed a current limitation of the technology, i.e., variations in the outlet flow rates of up to ±20%. These flow variations are shown to be caused mainly by a nonuniform annular resin bed and in turn result in “peak wobbling,” i.e., the slight variation of peak position (up to ±4°) and shape (e.g., As = 0.9–1.4) as a specific function of column position. Some additional peak broadening, although less significant, is caused by a “peak oscillation” effect that results from the necessary segmentation of flow into discrete outlets. Both effects are only measurable if peaks are either monitored continuously or at least measured at multiple column positions. For isolation processes, these nonideal flow phenomena mean that more outlet streams have to be collected in order to achieve maximum yield and thus the achievable concentration factor is somewhat lower than the theoretical maximum. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 559–568, 2002.
Solubilization limit of lysozyme into DODMAC reverse micelles
Authors: Shin Youn‐Ok , Vera Juan H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDioctyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DODMAC) was used to form reverse micelles and to extract lysozyme from an aqueous solution into an organic phase. The solubilization behavior of lysozyme into a DODMAC reverse micellar phase was examined in terms of the temperature, the type of cations in the aqueous phase, and the surfactant concentration in the organic phase. Complete removal of lysozyme from the aqueous phase was obtained when the pH was set one unit higher than the pI of the protein. However, it was found that there is a solubilization limit of lysozyme in the organic phase. Not all the lysozyme extracted out of the initial aqueous phase was solubilized into the DODMAC reverse micellar phase, resulting in the formation of white precipitate at the aqueous–organic interface. Temperature has a negligible effect on the solubilization limit of lysozyme. The value of the solubilization limit is a strong function of the type of cations present in the aqueous phase, indicating an important role of lysozyme–cation interactions on the extraction process. An increase in the DODMAC concentration from 100–200 mM resulted in little change in the highest concentration of lysozyme obtained in the organic phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 537–543, 2002.
Dynamics of protein uptake within the adsorbent particle during packed bed chromatography
Authors: Hubbuch Jürgen , Linden Thomas , Knieps Esther , Thömmes Jörg , Kula Maria‐Regina 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new experimental set‐up for on‐line visualization of the intra‐particle uptake kinetics during packed bed chromatography has been designed and tested. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze the dynamics of protein adsorption to porous stationary phases. In combination with this, a flow cell was developed that could be packed with chromatography media and operated as a fully functional mini‐scale chromatography column. Adsorption profiles of single‐ and two‐component mixtures containing BSA and IgG 2a during packed bed cation‐exchange chromatography were investigated. The two proteins appear to exhibit different transport characteristics. For BSA a classical “shrinking core” behavior could be detected. The profiles obtained during IgG 2a adsorption point toward a different transport mode, which deviates from the classical pore‐diffusion picture. For the two‐component system, a superposition of the single‐component profiles combined with a classical displacement of the weaker bound protein species was found. The results indicate that depending on the adsorbed protein the uptake can vary tremendously, even for adsorption to the same chromatographic support. It is clearly shown that the new microcolumn allows in situ quantitative investigations of protein adsorption dynamics within a single particle, which adds a new tool to the available methods for characterizing and optimizing protein adsorption chromatography. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 359–368, 2002.
Effect of a total smoking ban in a maximum security psychiatric hospital
Authors: Hempel Anthony G. , Kownacki Richard , Malin David H. , Ozone Shinichi John , Cormack Trina S. , Sandoval Bernabe G. , Leinbach Adele E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn archival study was performed in a maximum security forensic hospital to evaluate the effects of a total ban on smoking and all tobacco products. One hundred and forty patients were characterized as nonsmokers or light, moderate or heavy smokers. Patient records for the four weeks prior to the ban were compared with their records for the four weeks subsequent to the ban. Numbers of sick calls, total disruptive behaviors and verbal aggression declined markedly and significantly following the ban in those patients previously classified as moderate or heavy smokers. Weight increased significantly, but almost equally regardless of previous smoking status. Patients, and eventually staff, tolerated the smoking ban without significant negative effects. Patients relied very little on treatment modalities to alleviate nicotine withdrawal. Pre‐ban apprehension by staff and patients dissipated with time after the smoking ban started. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stent deployment with distal vascular protection for the culprit vein graft stenosis in a patient with an acute infarct and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Blake James W.H. , Webster Mark W.I. , Butler Rob , Edmond John J. , Ruygrok Peter N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA case of emergency stent deployment to a critical vein graft lesion in a patient with an acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock is described. An Angioguard vascular protection device was used, retrieving a large amount of atheromatous debris. Use of filter‐type protection devices to prevent distal atheroembolism may be lifesaving in such patients. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:234–238. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chest pain during stenting of a native aortic coarctation: A case for acute intercostal muscle ischemia and rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Sapin Samuel O. , Rosengart Ronald M. , Salem Morris M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn adult male experienced severe chest pain during stenting of a native aortic coarctation. He also developed the postcoarctectomy syndrome with paradoxical hypertension and abdominal pain. Our hypothesis suggests that sudden interruption of large collateral blood flow caused acute chest wall muscle ischemia, rhabdomyolysis, and severe chest pain. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:217–220. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility and efficacy of transradial access for coronary interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mulukutla Suresh R. , Cohen Howard A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTransradial coronary intervention is a relatively new technique that may lower morbidity and improve patient satisfaction. A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 consecutive patients who underwent transradial coronary interventions. Twenty‐nine patients had ST elevation MI (group A) and 12 patients had non–Q‐wave MI (group B). Mean time to arterial access from hospital admission was 15.6 min, and mean time to balloon inflation from arterial cannulation was 25.3 min. All patients underwent successful stenting of the infarct‐related artery. Over 75% of patients received glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. All patients received aspirin and either clopidogrel or ticlopidine. There were no procedure‐related complications. Mean hospital stay was 3.9 days and 2.8 days for group A and group B, respectively. The transradial approach to coronary interventions is both feasible and safe in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This option may be most appealing in patients at high risk for developing vascular complications of arterial access. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:167–171. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal deployment of third‐generation stents: An intravascular ultrasound assessment
Authors: Maddux James T. , Carroll John D. , Groves Bertron M. , Messenger John C. , Tseng Albert , Falcone Erin , Burchenal J.E.B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThird‐generation intracoronary stents allow deployment at higher pressures, possibly obviating the need for high‐pressure postdilations and also possibly reducing restenosis. This study evaluated the ability of the Tristar Coronary Stent System to produce optimal stent deployment as measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and quantitative coronary angiography in 46 patients. Optimal stent deployment was defined as minimal luminal area > 80% of the average of the proximal and distal reference luminal areas. After initial deployment, 74.5% of stents met criteria for optimal stent deployment by IVUS, with an average stent expansion ratio of 89.6%. Ten stents (18.2%) were postdilated. Four patients (8.7%) had a major adverse cardiac event, one patient died, one patient had a myocardial infarction, and two patients had target vessel revascularization at 6 months. The Tristar stent system produces optimal deployment without the need for routine postdilation and results in optimal clinical outcomes. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;57:142–147. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practical asymmetric synthetic route to 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐3‐hydroxybutyrate: Head‐to‐tail and head‐to‐head crystallizations through double and single hydrogen bonds of hetero‐ and homochiral 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐3‐hydroxybutyrophenones
Authors: Ishii Akihiro , Kanai Masatomi , Higashiyama Kimio , Mikami Koichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA practical asymmetric synthetic route to 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐3‐hydroxybutyrophenone and the butyric acid phenyl ester is described using heterochiral crystallization through double hydrogen bonding assembly in head‐to‐tail fashion and sequential Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation reaction by trifluoroperacetic acid. Chirality 14:709–712, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the plasma levels of metyrapone and its enantiomeric metyrapol metabolites by direct plasma injection and multidimensional achiral–chiral chromatography
Authors: Cassiano Neila M. , Cass Quezia B. , Degani Ana Luiza G. , Wainer Irving W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe development and validation of a direct injection high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, with column switching, for the determination of metyrapol enantiomers and metyrapone in human plasma is described. The system used in this work was composed of a restricted access media (RAM) bovine serum albumin (BSA) octyl column coupled to an amylose tris(3,5‐dimethoxyphenylcarbamate) chiral column. Water was used as eluent for the first 5 min at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min for the elution of the plasma proteins and then acetonitrile‐water (30:70 v/v) for the transfer and analysis of metyrapol enantiomers and metyrapone, which were detected by UV at λ = 260 nm. The total analysis time was about 32 min. The calibration curves for each enantiomer and for the metyrapone were linear in the ranges 0.075–0.75 μg/ml and 0.150–1.50 μg/ml, respectively. Recoveries, intra‐ and interday precision and accuracy were determined using three quality controls, one low (0.18 μg/ml), one medium (0.75 μg/ml), and one high (1.35 μg/ml) plasma concentration. Quantitative recoveries and good precision and accuracy were obtained. The limit of quantitation were 0.045 μg/ml for both enantiomers and for the metyrapone. Chirality 14:731–735, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time tumor‐tracking radiation therapy for lung carcinoma by the aid of insertion of a gold marker using bronchofiberscopy
Authors: Harada Toshiyuki , Shirato Hiroki , Ogura Shigeaki , Oizumi Satoshi , Yamazaki Koichi , Shimizu Shinichi , Onimaru Rikiya , Miyasaka Kazuo , Nishimura Masaharu , Dosaka‐Akita Hirotoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors developed fluoroscopic real‐time tumor‐tracking radiation therapy (RTRT) by insertion of a gold marker using bronchofiberscopy to reduce uncertainties in organ motion and set‐up error in external radiotherapy for moving tumors. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate RTRT's feasibility in lung carcinoma treatment.METHODSThe three‐dimensional position of a 1.0‐2.0 mm gold marker in or near the tumor was detected by two sets of fluoroscopies every 0.03 seconds. The treatment beam was gated to irradiate the tumor only when the position of the marker coincided with its planned position using the RTRT system. Bronchofiberscopic equipment for insertion of the marker into the lung tumor was developed and used for 20 lung tumors in 18 patients. Patients were given high dose hypofractionated focal irradiation (35–48 Gy in 4–8 fractions in 4–10 days) with a planning target volume margin of 5 mm for the tumor.RESULTSThe markers were successfully inserted and maintained at the inserted position during and after the radiotherapy in 14 (88%) of 16 peripheral‐type lung tumors and in none of four central‐type lung tumors, indicating that this method of RTRT was not feasible for central‐type lung tumors. Tracking of the marker was successfully performed in 1 of 2 tumors with a 1.0 mm marker and in all of 12 tumors with a 1.5–2.0 mm marker. On the whole, 13 (65%) of the 20 tumors were successfully treated with RTRT. Local tumor control was achieved and maintained for all 12 patients (13 tumors), who were treated with RTRT, with a median followup of 9 months (range, 5–15). Localized radiation pneumonitis was found radiographically at the lung volume that was irradiated with about 20 Gy, without symptoms in all but one patient.CONCLUSIONSThe insertion of a gold marker into or near peripheral‐type lung tumors using bronchofiberscopy is a feasible and safe technique. Excellent initial response and low incidence of clinical complications suggest that the high dose hypofractionated focal irradiation using the RTRT system can be a good local treatment for peripheral‐type lung tumors. Cancer 2002;95:1720–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10856
Inhibition of proliferation in human MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma and SK‐ES‐1 Ewing sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo by antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone
Authors: Braczkowski Ryszard , Schally Andrew V. , Plonowski Artur , Varga Jozsef L. , Groot Kate , Krupa Magdalena , Armatis Patricia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GH‐RH) can inhibit the proliferation of various tumors either indirectly through the suppression of the pituitary growth hormone/hepatic insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) axis and the lowering of serum IGF‐I concentration or directly by reducing the levels of IGF‐I and IGF‐II and their mRNA expression in tumors and blocking the effect of autocrine GH‐RH. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of the GH‐RH antagonist JV‐1‐38 on MNNG/HOS human osteosarcoma and SK‐ES‐1 human Ewing sarcoma cell lines.METHODSMale nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of MNNG/HOS or SK‐ES‐1 tumors were treated subcutaneously with JV‐1‐38 at a dose of 20 μg twice daily for 4 weeks. The concentrations of IGF‐I and IGF‐II in serum and in tumor tissue were measured by radioimmunoassay. Tumor and liver levels of mRNA for IGF‐I and IGF‐II were determined by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effects of JV‐1‐38, IGF‐I, and IGF‐II on cell proliferation in vitro were evaluated.RESULTSGH‐RH antagonist significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the tumor volume and tumor weight of MNNG/HOS and SK‐ES‐1 tumors by > 50% after 4 weeks and increased tumor doubling time. JV‐1‐38 lowered the serum IGF‐I level, decreased the expression of mRNA for IGF‐I in the liver, and significantly (P < 0.05–0.01) reduced the concentration of IGF‐II and mRNA levels for IGF‐II in both sarcomas. The concentration of IGF‐I was lowered only in SK‐ES‐1 tumors. In vitro, the proliferation of SK‐ES‐1 and MNNG/HOS cells was inhibited by JV‐1‐38 and by antisera to IGF‐I and IGF‐II.CONCLUSIONSThe inhibition of MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma and SK‐ES‐1 Ewing sarcoma by GH‐RH antagonists was linked to a suppression of IGF‐II production in tumors. However, in SK‐ES‐1 tumors, the effects on IGF‐I also may be involved. Cancer 2002;95:1735–45. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10865
Conventional hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Espat N. Joseph , Lewis Jonathan J. , Leung Denis , Woodruff James M. , Antonescu Christina R. , Shia Jingu , Brennan Murray F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare vascular tumor, and pathologic distinction from synovial sarcoma and solitary fibrous tumor is a significant problem due to shared histologic features. In the current report the authors defined the clinical behavior and prognosis for patients with HPC.METHODSBetween July 1982 and February 1998, 62 patients with a diagnosis of primary, recurrent, or metastatic HPC were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The pathology of all cases for which material was available (57 cases) was re‐reviewed for histologic confirmation of the HPC diagnosis. Using strict pathologic criteria, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, tumors from 25 of 57 patients qualified for the diagnosis of conventional hemangiopericytoma; those tumors formed the basis of the current report. Survival was determined by the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTSAt the time of initial presentation, 19 patients had primary tumors, 3 had locally recurrent disease, and 3 had metastatic disease. The most frequent anatomic sites for HPC were the extremities, the pelvis, and the head and neck, accounting for 80% of the total cases. The median followup (n = 25) was 49 months (range, 1 to 160 months). The two and five year overall survival rates (n = 25) were 93% and 86% respectively. The disease‐specific survival was 86% at last followup. Patients undergoing complete resection (n = 16) showed a 100% median survival at 60 months.CONCLUSIONSAt present, complete tumor resection for patients with conventional HPC is recommended. However, considering the favorable outcome in this disease, the authors caution against performing operations that may potentially cause loss of function or are limb threatening. Cancer 2002;95:1746–51. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10867