bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diospyros montana mediated reduction, stabilization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their mosquitocidal potentiality against dengue vector Aedes albopictus
Authors: Malla Rajesh Kumar , Chandra Goutam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent research has focused on nanoparticles. Aedes albopictus is a potential vector that transmits fatal diseases. Recently, Phyto-reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were shown to be mosquito larvicides. This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Diospyros montana leaf extract, characterize them, and test their efficacy as larvicide and pupicide against Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, determine their duration of effectiveness as a larvicide, identify plant compounds that help to synthesize nanoparticles, and assess their effects on non-target organisms. Quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and capsaicin are among the novel reducing and capping agents found in D. montana leaf through LCMS analysis. The color shift and distinctive peak in UV–Vis spectroscopy made it simple to see how biogenic AgNPs were produced by converting Ag+ ions into Ag0. Substantial negative value (− 19.10 mv) of zeta potential demonstrated the long-term stability of AgNPs. A moderate range (8.72 − 50.75 nm) of particle size distribution pattern was obtained using the DLS technique. SEM and TEM images depicted the quasi-spherical (or polyhedral) and spherical shape of the nanoparticles, having approximately 16.75 nm average size. Synthesized AgNPs had a low LC90 value (< 10 ppm) for all larval instars and pupae of Ae. albopictus and had negligible mal effect on non-target organisms. Regression equations showed dose-dependent mortality by the positive correlation between mortality rate and AgNPs concentration, and each time the regression coefficient (R2) value was larger than zero. This study shows that D. montana leaf extract is an environment-friendly and sustainable source of an effective reducing and capping agent to synthesize highly stable, ecologically acceptable silver nanoparticles and their application as mosquitocide.
Quantifying left ventricular myocardial strain in patients with different CAD-RADS levels based on computed tomography feature tracking technology
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Lijie , Wu Hongying , Liu Jia , Cao Yukun , Li Yumin , Yu Jie , Han Xiaoyu , Shao Guozhu , Yang Ming , Gu Jin , Chen Lina , Wang Jiangtao , Shi Heshui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo evaluate myocardial strain in patients with different coronary artery disease-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS) levels using the computed tomography (CT) feature tracking technology and to investigate the relationship of myocardial strain with coronary artery calcium scores (CACs) and the degree of coronary artery stenosis. We prospectively enrolled 237 consecutive patients to undergo coronary CT angiography. The participants were divided into the following groups: control (n = 87), CAD-RADS 1 (n = 43), CAD-RADS 2 (n = 43), CAD-RADS 3 (n = 38), and CAD-RADS 4 and above (n = 26). Myocardial strains were analyzed by commercial software, and CACs and coronary stenosis were assessed on post-processing stations. Differences between multiple groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test. Logistic regression were used to analyze the effects of dichotomous variables. As the CAD-RADS level increased, the global circumferential strain (GCS), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global radial strain (GRS) of the left ventricle based on CT gradually decreased. A significant correlation was observed between global myocardial strain and CACs (GRS: r =  − 0.219, GCS: r = 0.189, GLS: r = 0.491; P < 0.05). The independent predictors of obstructive CAD were age (β = 0.065, odds ratio [OR] = 1.067, P = 0.005), left ventricular ejection fraction (β = 0.145, OR = 1.156, P = 0.047), and GLS (β = 0.232, OR = 1.261, P = 0.01). CT-derived GLS of the left ventricle is correlated with CAD-RADS levels and CACs. It may be a better indicator than CACs to reflect the severity of CAD.
Effect of high-speed sintering on the marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated monolithic zirconia crowns
Authors: Lee Seulgi , Choi Gyujin , Choi Jinhyeok , Kim Youngjun , Kim Hee-Kyung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study compared the marginal and internal fit of zirconia crowns fabricated using conventional and high-speed induction sintering. A typodont mandibular right first molar was prepared and 60 zirconia crowns were fabricated: 30 crowns using conventional sintering and 30 crowns using high-speed sintering. We presented a new evaluation methodology to measure the marginal and internal fit of restorations through digital scanning, aligning the two datasets, and measuring the distance between two arbitrary point sets of the datasets. For the marginal fit, we calculated the maximum values of the shortest distances between the marginal line of the prepared tooth and that of the crown. The calculated values ranged from 359 to 444 μm, with smaller values for the high-speed sintered crowns (P < 0.05). For the internal fit, we employed mesh sampling and computed the geodesic distances between the prepared tooth surface and the crown intaglio surface. The measured values ranged from 177 to 229 μm with smaller values for the high-speed sintered crowns, but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Based on our results, the high-speed sintering method can be considered a promising option for single-visit zirconia treatment in dental practice.
Adherence to guideline recommendations for Barrett's esophagus (BE) surveillance endoscopies: Effects of dedicated BE endoscopy lists
Authors: Beaufort I.N. , Milne A.N. , Alderlieste Y.A. , Baars J.E. , Bos P.R. , Burger J.P.W. , van Heel N.C.M. , Ledeboer M. , Lieverse R.J. , van de Meeberg P.C. , Meeuse J.J. , Naber A.H.J. , Pullens H.J.M. , Scheffer R.C.H. , Sikkema M. , Verbeek R.E. , Verhagen M.A.M.T. , van de Vrie W. , Willems M. , Weusten B.L.A.M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims For non-dysplastic Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) patients, guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance every 3 to 5 years with four-quadrant random biopsies every 2 cm of BE length. Adherence to these guidelines is low in clinical practice. Pooling BE surveillance endoscopies on dedicated endoscopy lists performed by dedicated endoscopists could possibly enhance guideline adherence, detection of visible lesions, and dysplasia detection rates (DDRs).
Patients and methods Data were used from the ACID-study (Netherlands Trial Registry NL8214), a prospective trial of BE surveillance in the Netherlands. BE patients with known or previously treated dysplasia were excluded. Guideline adherence, detection of visible lesions, and DDRs were compared for patients on dedicated and general endoscopy lists.
Results A total of 1,244 patients were included, 318 on dedicated lists and 926 on general lists. Endoscopies on dedicated lists showed significantly higher adherence to the random biopsy protocol (85% vs. 66%, P <0.01) and recommended surveillance intervals (60% vs. 47%, P <0.01) compared to general lists. Detection of visible lesions (8.8% vs. 8.1%, P=0.79) and DDRs were not significantly different (6.9% and 6.6%, P=0.94). None (0.0%) of the patients scheduled on dedicated lists and 10 (1.1%) on general lists were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (P=0.07). In multivariable analysis, dedicated lists were significantly associated with biopsy protocol adherence and adherence to surveillance interval recommendations with odds ratios of 4.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07–9.57) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.03–2.61), respectively.
Conclusions Dedicated endoscopy lists are associated with better adherence to the random biopsy protocol and surveillance interval recommendations.
Sieben auf einen Streich: Neuroprotektive (Mikro-)Nährstoffe
als kognitive Enhancer
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungEine optimale kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit ist in allen Lebensphasen
für die Vitalität von hohem Stellenwert. Insb. in der Kindheit
und im Adoleszentenalter haben Ernährungseinflüsse
entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Hirnentwicklung und kognitive
Leistungsfähigkeit. Mikronährstoffe spielen daher nicht nur eine
essenzielle Rolle für die allgemeine Zellentwicklung und Zellfunktion,
sondern auch bei zahlreichen neurologischen Funktionen, wie der
Neurotransmittersynthese, Myelogenese sowie der Bildung von Neurotrophinen. Eine
adäquate diätetische Versorgung mit gehirnaktiven
(Mikro-)Nährstoffen wie Vitaminen, Mineralien und
ω-3-Fettsäuren ist daher bei Schulkindern von elementarer
Bedeutung für eine gesunde Hirnentwicklung.
Wasted GDP in the USA
Authors: Tønnessen Morten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhether or to what extent Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can measure human development is disputed. This article develops a notion of “wasted GDP”, with a case study on the performance of the USA based on analysis of Human Development Index (HDI) data. Like Herman Daly’s notion of ‘uneconomic growth’, the perspective of wasted GDP addresses the benefits and costs of economic growth and favors prioritization of policies that promote genuinely sustainable wellbeing. Over the last three decades, the USA has fallen behind several other highly developed countries in the HDI, despite solid economic growth. More than 20 countries, large and small, now outperform the USA on the Human Development Index, and 27 countries currently do better than the USA by nonincome HDI. 21 countries outperform the USA by this measure despite having a lower GDP per capita. The notion of “wasted GDP” implies that GDP is wasted if it does not support welfare. While a country´s welfare performance is measured by nonincome HDI, a comparison with better-performing countries that have a lower GDP indicates the share of GDP that is wasted from a human development perspective. The results, based on highly conservative estimates, show that the top 5 performers by lowest GDP per capita achieve better outcomes than the USA with an average GDP per capita that is 37.5% lower. All better performers achieve better outcomes with an average GDP per capita that is 26.9% lower. Without any wasted GDP, the annual US CO2 emissions could have been at least 1.268 million tonnes lower (all better performers estimate) and possibly as much as 1.767 million tonnes lower (top 5 performers estimate), accounting for 3.6–5.0% of global emissions. Similarly, the USA´s material footprint could have been between 2.625 million and 3.659 million tonnes lower, accounting for 2.7–3.8% of humanity´s global material footprint.
Brown Bear Cognition and Welfare
Authors: Chambers Helen R. , O’Hara Sean J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The welfare of large-brained wide-roaming carnivores in captivity has been of longstanding public and professional concern. Bears are one such example. Ursids have unexpectedly large relative brain sizes, indeed showing brain size increases similar to those observed in canids. Bears also have considerable space requirements, with extensive home range sizes seen in the wild. Species with complex requirements often face difficulties when placed in artificial environments. Cognitive enrichment, however, may work to ameliorate this by providing stimulating mental challenges for individuals living in zoological settings. This case study explores the proposed benefits of cognitive trials. To do so, we exposed 17 captive European brown bears (
Ursus arctos arctos
) housed in UK zoos to two experimental tasks (1) a puzzle box and (2) an object-manipulation set-up. A total of 14 of the bears voluntarily engaged with the puzzle box, while 15 individuals interacted with the object-manipulation set-up. The bears that failed to interact with the tests were likely dissuaded due to the collective nature of testing, a lack of motivation or fear of novel objects. Cognitive stimulation, such as that provided in our study, offers one means of improving the welfare of captive bears. We advocate the use of cognition studies for zoo-housed bears to enrich their lived-experiences when housed in zoological settings.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Metics and Freedmen: Conflicts of Social and Juridical Status in the Classical and Hellenistic Greek World
Authors: Meyer Elizabeth A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ancient Greek city-states, or poleis, had a bewildering number of terms for people who lived in them. In Athens, freedmen seem to be assimilated juridically to the status of metics (resident aliens), although socially there were ways of both denigrating freedmen and obscuring the distinction between metic and freed. Elsewhere we can see that under some circumstances distinctions between metic and freed were made, but not in ways that point to strong juridical differences. By looking at the development of both statuses historically, I propose that the juridical assimilation occurred in Athens because metic status was created first, in an historical context in which distinctions between citizens and foreigners was crucial: an imperial power with a strong economy was attracting many foreigners to the mother city. This line drawn between citizens and foreigners was expressed through the law in both the fifth and fourth centuries bce. But the social perception of metics changed in the fourth century, for historical reasons deriving from the assimilation of metics and freed into one category. Other areas of the Greek world with both metics and freedmen may have assimilated the two statuses initially, but over time split them apart.
Post-Ablation cardiac Magnetic resonance to assess Ventricular Tachycardia recurrence (PAM-VT study)
Authors: Roca-Luque Ivo , Vázquez-Calvo Sara , Garre Paz , Ortiz-Perez Jose T , Prat-Gonzalez Susanna , Sanchez-Somonte Paula , Ferro Elisenda , Quinto Levio , Alarcón Francisco , Althoff Till , Perea Rosario Jesús , Figueras i Ventura Rosa M , Guasch Eduard , Tolosana José Maria , Lorenzatti Daniel , Morr-Verenzuela Carlos Igor , Porta-Sanchez Andreu , Arbelo Elena , Sitges Marta , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluís 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Conducting channels (CCs) detected by late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) are related to ventricular tachycardia (VT). The aim of this work was to study the ability of post-ablation LGE-CMR to evaluate ablation lesions.

Methods and results
This is a prospective study of consecutive patients referred for a scar-related VT ablation. LGE-CMR was performed 6–12 months prior to ablation and 3–6 months after ablation. Scar characteristics of pre- and post-ablation LGE-CMR were compared. During the study period (March 2019−April 2021), 61 consecutive patients underwent scar-related VT ablation after LGE-CMR. Overall, 12 patients were excluded (4 had poor-quality LGE-CMR, 2 died before post-ablation LGE-CMR, and 6 underwent post-ablation LGE-CMR 12 months after ablation). Finally, 49 patients (age: 65.5 ± 9.8 years, 97.9% male, left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.8 ± 10.4%, 87.7% ischaemic cardiomyopathy) were included. Post-ablation LGE-CMR showed a decrease in the number (3.34 ± 1.03 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2; P &lt; 0.0001) and mass (8.45 ± 1.3 vs. 3.5 ± 0.6 g; P &lt; 0.001) of CCs. Arrhythmogenic CCs disappeared in 74.4% of patients. Dark core was detected in 75.5% of patients, and its presence was not related to CC reduction (52.2 ± 7.4% vs. 40.8 ± 10.6%, P = 0.57). VT recurrence after one year follow-up was 16.3%. The presence of two or more channels in the post-ablation LGE-CMR was a predictor of VT recurrence (31.82% vs. 0%, P = 0.0038) with a sensibility of 100% and specificity of 61% (area under the curve 0.82). In the same line, a reduction of CCs &lt; 55% had sensibility of 100% and specificity of 61% (area under the curve 0.83) to predict VT recurrence.

Conclusion
Post-ablation LGE-CMR is feasible, and a reduction in the number of CCs is related with lower risk of VT recurrence. The dark core was not present in all patients. A decrease in VT substrate was also observed in patients without a dark core area in the post-ablation LGE-CMR.
Beyond VO2: the complex cardiopulmonary exercise test
Authors: Mattavelli Irene , Vignati Carlo , Farina Stefania , Apostolo Anna , Cattadori Gaia , De Martino Fabiana , Pezzuto Beatrice , Zaffalon Denise , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a valuable diagnostic tool with a specific application in heart failure (HF) thanks to the strong prognostic value of its parameters. The most important value provided by CPET is the peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. According to the Fick principle, VO2 equals cardiac output (Qc) times the arteriovenous content difference [C(a–v)O2], where Ca is the arterial oxygen and Cv is the mixed venous oxygen content, respectively; therefore, VO2 can be reduced both by impaired O2 delivery (reduced Qc) or extraction (reduced arteriovenous O2 content). However, standard CPET is not capable of discriminating between these different impairments, leading to the need for ‘complex’ CPET technologies. Among non-invasive methods for Qc measurement during CPET, inert gas rebreathing and thoracic impedance cardiography are the most used techniques, both validated in healthy subjects and patients with HF, at rest and during exercise. On the other hand, the non-invasive assessment of peripheral muscle perfusion is possible with the application of near-infrared spectroscopy, capable of measuring tissue oxygenation. Measuring Qc allows, by having haemoglobin values available, to discriminate how much any VO2 deficit depends on the muscle, anaemia or heart.
The alveolar–capillary unit in the physiopathological conditions of heart failure: identification of a potential marker
Authors: Banfi Cristina , Gugliandolo Paola , Paolillo Stefania , Mallia Alice , Gianazza Erica , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this review, we describe the structure and function of the alveolar–capillary membrane and the identification of a novel potential marker of its integrity in the context of heart failure (HF). The alveolar–capillary membrane is indeed a crucial structure for the maintenance of the lung parenchyma gas exchange capacity, and the occurrence of pathological conditions determining lung fluids accumulation, such as HF, might significantly impair lung diffusion capacity altering the alveolar–capillary membrane protective functions. In the years, we found that the presence of immature forms of the surfactant protein-type B (proSP-B) in the circulation reflects alterations in the alveolar–capillary membrane integrity. We discussed our main achievements showing that proSP-B, due to its chemical properties, specifically binds to high-density lipoprotein, impairing their antioxidant activity, and likely contributing to the progression of the disease. Further, we found that immature proSP-B, not the mature protein, is related to lung abnormalities, more precisely than the lung function parameters. Thus, to the list of the potential proposed markers of HF, we add proSP-B, which represents a precise marker of alveolar–capillary membrane dysfunction in HF, correlates with prognosis, and represents a precocious marker of drug therapy.
Determination of Cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa Oil and Infused Ice Cream by LC-DAD Method
Authors: Raslan-Jaramillo Jefree J , Ríos-Gajardo Gisela A , Avello Marcia A , de Diego Marta G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Cannabis sativa is known to produce a class of terpenophenolic compounds named cannabinoids. The two main ones are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which have therapeutic properties. In the development of cannabis-based preparations, it is important to have suitable analytical methods for the analysis of the principal cannabinoids.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and validate a simple and rapid HPLC method with photodiode array detection for determination of CBD and THC in Cannabis sativa oil extract and infused ice cream, including a stability study.

Method
Chromatographic separation of CBD and THC was performed with a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water with formic acid (80 + 20 v/v) in isocratic elution mode, with detection at 208 nm for CBD and 280 nm for THC and 1.0 mL/min flow rate.

Results
The method was linear over a range of 1–5 µg/mL for CBD, and 20–100 µg/mL for THC; the relative standard deviation was &lt;3.6%, the recovery ranged between 98.8 and 102.5% for oil and between 84 and 94% for ice cream, QL was 0.33 µg/mL for CBD and 2.30 µg/mL for THC, and the assay demonstrated adequate selectivity. CBD and THC were stable for at least 28 days under light protection at 22°C, 4°C, and -20°C in the oil and for at least 60 days at -20°C in the ice cream.

Conclusions
The results showed that the method was suitable for quantitative determination of CBD and THC in Cannabis sativa oil extract and infused ice cream, and it is useful for quality control purposes.

Highlights
The method is simple and fast, and it is useful for the quality control of a new product corresponding to an ice cream based on a Cannabis sativa oil extract.
Pathologizing Pathos: Suffering, Technocentrism, and Law in Twentieth-Century American Medicine
Authors: Duffee Charlotte 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the second half of the twentieth century, concerns about problems in the doctor-patient relationship gave way to a new medical discourse on suffering, owed largely to the work of American physician Eric Cassell. This article tracks the development of his theory of suffering and its global success in transforming tragic medical experiences into diagnosable clinical entities. Beginning with his intellectual development in the 1960s, this article traces Cassell’s initial interest in suffering first to his early research on truth-telling and autonomy, followed by his pioneering work in bioethics. Although closely aligned with philosophy, much of the institutional success of bioethics came from American law, which affected Cassell’s theorizing. At the same time, doctors experienced a growth in medical malpractice lawsuits, driven in large part by costly “pain and suffering” awards, which the medical community sought to curb by encouraging legislatures to codify informed consent. The success of these efforts mandated that doctors disclose previously withheld bad news capable of causing suffering. The cultural changes that followed these disclosures became Cassell’s impetus, while legal pain and suffering supplied much of his theory’s language and concepts.
Gender and Forced Displacement at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Palmer Emma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
International criminal courts and tribunals have missed opportunities to recognize gendered experiences, including when addressing crimes without a clearly sexual component. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has an opportunity to take a different approach when considering the crime against humanity of deportation in its Bangladesh/Myanmar proceedings. While the prevalence of sexual and other gendered violence, including rape and killings, in Myanmar and perpetrated against the Rohingya is well-documented, and will likely form an important aspect of investigations, there is also scope to explore the gendered nature of displacement. This article reviews the intersection of international criminal law with broader critiques of international law concerned with displacement. It then investigates how ICC Chambers could take a gender-competent approach towards the elements of the crime against humanity of deportation and forcible transfer of population in the Bangladesh/Myanmar proceedings, including when examining the concepts of expulsion and coercion, lawful presence and the purpose of the forcible displacement. It proposes a contextual approach to that analysis, informed by gender-inclusive expert evidence, gender-competent investigation practices and thoughtful integration of victims’ representations