bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence and survival for patients with thyroid carcinoma in the pediatric age group in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi: retrospective analysis of a multicentre cohort
Authors: Ben Ghashir Najla , Elomami Abdulghani , Al Masoud Reham , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Al Seddeeqi Eiman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Pediatric thyroid cancer represents 2.3 % of thyroid cancers, and its long-term outcome data are sparse. There have not been studies in the UAE delineating its epidemiology, clinical and histological characteristics, and follow-up outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the clinical–pathological behavior, recurrence and survival rates in pediatrics with all types of thyroid cancer in the UAE.

Methods
Multicentre retrospective chart review analysis of pediatric patients with thyroid carcinoma from January 2010 to December 2020 in Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Results
Thirty-four patients were included, 85 % being females. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the commonest type of thyroid cancer (88 %) vs. follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (11.8 %). Almost half of our patients had a multifocal disease, 26 % had lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and 21 % had extrathyroidal extension (ETE). There were no mortalities during follow-up. 85 % of patients exhibited complete remission, while 15 % of patients showed evidence of progressive residual or recurrent disease. One patient had metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs.

Conclusions
There were similar trends of incidence, sex prevalence, and histopathological patterns as the ones observed internationally. Potential risk factors in our population include a family history of thyroid cancer and obesity. The lower rate of ETE, LVI, metastasis, and recurrence indicates a possibly less aggressive disease.
In silico protein function prediction: the rise of machine learning-based approaches
Authors: Chen Jiaxiao , Gu Zhonghui , Lai Luhua , Pei Jianfeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Proteins function as integral actors in essential life processes, rendering the realm of protein research a fundamental domain that possesses the potential to propel advancements in pharmaceuticals and disease investigation. Within the context of protein research, an imperious demand arises to uncover protein functionalities and untangle intricate mechanistic underpinnings. Due to the exorbitant costs and limited throughput inherent in experimental investigations, computational models offer a promising alternative to accelerate protein function annotation. In recent years, protein pre-training models have exhibited noteworthy advancement across multiple prediction tasks. This advancement highlights a notable prospect for effectively tackling the intricate downstream task associated with protein function prediction. In this review, we elucidate the historical evolution and research paradigms of computational methods for predicting protein function. Subsequently, we summarize the progress in protein and molecule representation as well as feature extraction techniques. Furthermore, we assess the performance of machine learning-based algorithms across various objectives in protein function prediction, thereby offering a comprehensive perspective on the progress within this field.
A newcomer’s guide to deep learning for inverse design in nano-photonics
Authors: Khaireh-Walieh Abdourahman , Langevin Denis , Bennet Pauline , Teytaud Olivier , Moreau Antoine , Wiecha Peter R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNanophotonic devices manipulate light at sub-wavelength scales, enabling tasks such as light concentration, routing, and filtering. Designing these devices to achieve precise light–matter interactions using structural parameters and materials is a challenging task. Traditionally, solving this problem has relied on computationally expensive, iterative methods. In recent years, deep learning techniques have emerged as promising tools for tackling the inverse design of nanophotonic devices. While several review articles have provided an overview of the progress in this rapidly evolving field, there is a need for a comprehensive tutorial that specifically targets newcomers without prior experience in deep learning. Our goal is to address this gap and provide practical guidance for applying deep learning to individual scientific problems. We introduce the fundamental concepts of deep learning and critically discuss the potential benefits it offers for various inverse design problems in nanophotonics. We present a suggested workflow and detailed, practical design guidelines to help newcomers navigate the challenges they may encounter. By following our guide, newcomers can avoid frustrating roadblocks commonly experienced when venturing into deep learning for the first time. In a second part, we explore different iterative and direct deep learning-based techniques for inverse design, and evaluate their respective advantages and limitations. To enhance understanding and facilitate implementation, we supplement the manuscript with detailed Python notebook examples, illustrating each step of the discussed processes. While our tutorial primarily focuses on researchers in (nano-)photonics, it is also relevant for those working with deep learning in other research domains. We aim at providing a solid starting point to empower researchers to leverage the potential of deep learning in their scientific pursuits.
Psychophysiology, Cognitive Function, and Musculoskeletal Status Holistically Explain Tactical Performance Readiness and Resilience
Authors: Thompson Andrew G. , Ramadan Jad H. , Alexander Jacob S. , Galster Scott M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thompson, AG, Ramadan, JH, Alexander, JS, and Galster, SM. Psychophysiology, cognitive function, and musculoskeletal status holistically explain tactical performance readiness and resilience. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2443–2456, 2023—This study aimed to advance the techniques used in quantifying holistic readiness and resilience within military personnel. Tactical performers, instructors, and applied human performance scientists designed a weeklong competition to reflect realistic operational demands, test specific underlying performance constructs, and elucidate how modernized assessments could drive programmatic action. By placing first in their installation's local preliminary competition, 34 active-duty Marines earned the opportunity to compete in a series of 7 intense events for the title of champion. All inferential statistics were set to a p ≤ 0.05 level of significance. Morning heart rate variability identified top from bottom quartile finishers before a single competition event. By day 3, morning countermovement jump force production (normalized reactive strength index-modified) and cognitive psychomotor vigilance were significant indicators of performance resilience and final competition group rank. Heart rate variability also tracked performer readiness across time, identifying within-group and between-group differences among top, bottom, and field. Collectively, these holistic assessments proved significant markers of acute and chronic tactical performance capabilities. In summary, the incorporation of psychophysiological monitoring, cognitive performance testing, and musculoskeletal force plate evaluations could help inform selection and support needs, drive workload or recovery modulation, and provide critical metrics for evaluating training efficacy and operational readiness. Defense organizations should consider routinely incorporating and actioning similar holistic status monitoring strategies in training and operational settings. Moreover, leveraging other tactical competitions may provide key opportunities for advancing the standard of practice through additional scientific investigation.
The Repeated Bout Effect of Multiarticular Exercises on Muscle Damage Markers and Physical Performances: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Doma Kenji , Matoso Bruno , Protzen Gabriel , Singh Utkarsh , Boullosa Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Doma, K, Matoso, B, Protzen, G, Singh, U, and Boullosa, D. The repeated bout effect of multiarticular exercises on muscle damage markers and physical performances: a systematic review and meta-analyses. J Strength Cond Res 37(12): 2504–2515, 2023—This systematic review and meta-analysis compared muscle damage markers and physical performance measures between 2 bouts of multiarticular exercises and determined whether intensity and volume of muscle-damaging exercises affected the outcomes. The eligibility criteria consisted of (a) healthy male and female adults; (b) multiarticular exercises to cause muscle damage across 2 bouts; (c) outcome measures were compared at 24–48 hours after the first and second bouts of muscle-damaging exercise; (d) at least one of the following outcome measures: creatine kinase (CK), delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle strength, and running economy. Study appraisal was conducted using the Kmet tool, whereas forest plots were derived to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and statistical significance and alpha set a 0.05. After screening, 20 studies were included. The levels of DOMS and CK were significantly greater during the first bout when compared with the second bout at T24 and T48 (p < 0.001; SMD = 0.51–1.23). Muscular strength and vertical jump performance were significantly lower during the first bout compared with the second bout at T24 and T48 (p ≤ 0.05; SMD = −0.27 to −0.40), whereas oxygen consumption and rating of perceived exertion were significantly greater during the first bout at T24 and T48 (p < 0.05; SMD = 0.28–0.65) during running economy protocols. The meta-analyses were unaffected by changes in intensity and volume of muscle-damaging exercises between bouts. Multiarticular exercises exhibited a repeated bout effect, suggesting that a single bout of commonly performed exercises involving eccentric contractions may provide protection against exercise-induced muscle damage for subsequent bouts.
Bidirectional interplay between metabolism and epigenetics in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia
Authors: Zhang Yu Wei , Schönberger Katharina , Cabezas‐Wallscheid Nina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDuring the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Cellular and organismal metabolisms have been shown to directly instruct epigenetic alterations, and thereby dictate stem cell fate, in the bone marrow. Epigenetic regulatory enzymes are dependent on the availability of metabolites to facilitate DNA‐ and histone‐modifying reactions. The metabolic and epigenetic features of HSCs and their downstream progenitors can be significantly altered by environmental perturbations, dietary habits, and hematological diseases. Therefore, understanding metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate healthy HSCs can contribute to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets that specifically eliminate leukemia stem cells while sparing healthy HSCs. Here, we provide an in‐depth review of the metabolic and epigenetic interplay regulating hematopoietic stem cell fate. We discuss the influence of metabolic stress stimuli, as well as alterations occurring during leukemic development. Additionally, we highlight recent therapeutic advancements toward eradicating acute myeloid leukemia cells by intervening in metabolic and epigenetic pathways.
Cost, Utilization, and Patient and Family Experience With ACO-Based Pediatric Care Management
Authors: Schiavoni Katherine H. , Flom Megan , Blumenthal Karen J. , Orav E. John , Hefferon Margaret , Maher Erin , Boudreau Alexy Arauz , Giuliano Christopher P. , Chambers Barbara , Mandell Mark H. , Vienneau Maryann , Mendu Mallika L. , Vogeli Christine 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs have high healthcare utilization, fragmented care, and unmet health needs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) increasingly use pediatric care management to improve quality and reduce unnecessary utilization. We evaluated effects of pediatric care management on total medical expense (TME) and utilization; perceived quality of care coordination, unmet needs, and patient and family experience; and differential impact by payor, risk score, care manager discipline, and behavioral health diagnosis.

METHODS
Mixed-methods analysis including claims using quasi-stepped-wedge design pre and postenrollment to estimate difference-in-differences, participant survey, and semistructured interviews. Participants included 1321 patients with medical, behavioral, or social needs, high utilization, in Medicaid or commercial ACOs, and enrolled in multidisciplinary, primary care-embedded care management.

RESULTS
TME significantly declined 1 to 6 months postenrollment and continued through 19 to 24 months (−$645.48 per member per month, P &lt; .001). Emergency department and inpatient utilization significantly decreased 7 to 12 months post-enrollment and persisted through 19 to 24 months (−29% emergency department, P = .012; −82% inpatient, P &lt; .001). Of respondents, 87.2% of survey respondents were somewhat or very satisfied with care coordination, 56.1% received education coordination when needed, and 81.5% had no unmet health needs. Emergency department or inpatient utilization decreases were consistent across payors and care manager disciplines, occurred sooner with behavioral health diagnoses, and were significant among children with above-median risk scores. Satisfaction and experience were equivalent across groups, with more unmet needs and frustration with above-median risk scores.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric care management in multipayor ACOs may effectively reduce TME and utilization and clinically provide high-quality care coordination, including education and family stress, with high participant satisfaction.
The competence of the Security Council over situations or disputes arising from human rights violations by a state under Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter
Authors: Alipour Mohammad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe peaceful settlement of disputes is one of the principles enumerated in the Charter of the United Nations, and the Security Council is entrusted with significant powers to achieve this goal. In today's world, accusations of human rights violations have become one of the primary challenges among nations in terms of upholding sovereignty. In accordance with the United Nations Charter, the Security Council may be called upon by the parties to a dispute, the General Assembly, or the Secretary-General, or it can act ex officio to seek a peaceful resolution or adjust a situation through peaceful means. If the Security Council determines that the situation or dispute in question may constitute a threat to international peace and security, it may invoke its powers under Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of the Security Council's competence and the powers it possesses when carrying out its conciliatory role in cases involving human rights violations by a Member State and conflicts that may arise regarding the interpretation and application of the United Nations Charter.
Hemostatic imbalance underlying preterm delivery in COVID-19 convalescent patients
Authors: Nikolaeva M. G. , Korchagina A. V. , Momot A. P. , Grigoreva E. V. 
Published: November 2023

Aim: to study the role of the hemostatic system in pretem delivery in pregnant women who have had COVID-19 in the gestation period from 14 to 16 weeks.Materials and Methods. A prospective single-center observational study was conducted by enrolling 63 pregnant women with verified COVID-19 at 14–16 weeks of gestation. The main group consisted of 37 patients with preterm birth (PB), comparison group – 26 patients labour activity that occurred at least at gestational age of 37 weeks. Clinical and anamnestic data and dynamic changes in fibrinogen and D-dimer level, activity of tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) were analyzed; thrombin generation assay (TGA) was performed.Results. It was found that severity of COVID-19 infection did not determine the timing of delivery that depended on patient comorbid condition. All PB observations (37 out of 63, 58.7 %) were caused by decompensated placental function manifested by acute obstetrical complications: increasing intrauterine fetal hypoxia (64.9 %) along with intrauterine growth retardation (51.4 %), severe preeclampsia (13.5 %) and premature abruption of the normally located placenta (5.0 %). In both study groups, COVID-19 experienced at 14–16 weeks of pregnancy was associated with coagulation and fibrinolytic imbalances. At the same time, at least 6 weeks post-COVID-19 infection, patients with PB had higher level of the “Peak thrombin” vs. comparison group (3050 vs. 2527 pmol/L; p = 0.0433). Also, patients with term vs. preterm delivery had TF activity decreased significantly: by 47.1% and 28.1%, respectively (p = 0.0546). Patients in preterm delivery group were characterized by fibrinolytic imbalance. At the first time point, suppressed fibrinolysis (PAI-1 level – 18.4 vs. 12.5 ng/ml in the comparison group; p = 0.0209) was concomitant with elevated level of u-PA (1.5 vs. 0.55 ng/ml in comparison group, p = 0.0015), which suggests a potential prolonged immunoinflammatory response in patients with PB. Magnitude of fibrinogen concentration and D-dimer level during post-COVID-19 follow-up study was within the reference values specific to gestational age.Conclusion. A significant increase in coagulation potential was found and verified by elevated activity of tissue factor and potential to thrombin generation in COVID-19 convalescent patients. In the case of preterm delivery, there was an imbalance in fibrinolysis system revealed by decreased blood fibrinolytic activity elevating along with increasing gestational age.
Trauma-Informed Yoga Teacher Training: Impact on Incarcerated Men’s Wellness
Authors: Harner Holly , Henderer Anna , Murphy Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In late 2021, the United States had a total of 1.2 million individuals confined in state and federal prisons, with approximately 1.1 million of these people being men. Although existing research provides evidence that engaging in yoga programs within prison settings can enhance the well-being of incarcerated individuals, with several studies supporting this claim, knowledge regarding the specific effects of participating in a yoga teacher training program during confinement is still lacking. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of completing a prison-based 200-hour trauma-sensitive yoga teacher training program on the perceived physical, mental, social, and spiritual wellness of men in prison. We hypothesized that men who successfully completed the training program would report notable improvements in all four dimensions of wellness. Focus groups, participant workbook reviews, and demographic surveys were used to understand how participation in yoga teacher training influenced men’s perceived wellness. Participants identified a variety of wellness gains associated with yoga teacher training. These gains have the potential to contribute to improved individual health, improved relationships with others, and safer communities.
A randomized comparative study of transversus abdominis plane block (tap) with 0.25% bupivacaine and 0.375% ropivacaine in the duration of post-operative analgesia in upper abdominal laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Flower S Jesmine Little , Nicholas Alex Francisco , Devaprasath Renu 
Published: November 2023

Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a successful postoperative analgesia technique in laparoscopic surgeries. This study compared the analgesic efficacy of 0.25% bupivacaine and 0.375% Ropivacaine in TAP block as post-operative analgesia for upper abdomen laparoscopic surgeries.: This randomized, double-blinded comparative study was conducted at the Dr Jeyasekharan Medical Trust and Nursing Home for 18 months. Seventy-one consenting adult patients undergoing upper abdominal laparoscopic surgeries qualifying the inclusion criteria to undergo Bilateral Subcostal TAP Block were included. The patient was labelled group A or B according to a computer-generated randomization list. TAP block was administered using 30 ml (15 ml on each side) of 0.25% bupivacaine (A) or 0.375% ropivacaine (B). Similar premedication and induction were given to all patients. : Among 71 patients in group A, males were 5 (14.7%), and females were 29 (85.3%). In group B, males were 7 (18.9%), and female was 30 (81.1%). There is no significant difference in gender, age, and BMI between groups. The mean duration of analgesia with 0.375% ropivacaine (10.21±3.36 hrs.) was significantly higher than 0.25% bupivacaine (6.38±2.03 hrs.). In the first 24 hours postoperatively, the mean total tramadol consumption was 147.06±11.94 mg in group A and 117.57±31.11 mg in group B, which is statistically significant.: This study concludes that 0.375% 30ml ropivacaine given as a TAP block under ultrasound guidance significantly prolonged the post-operative analgesia duration compared to 0.25% 30ml bupivacaine.
Improving Technology Use, Digital Competence, and Access to Community Resources Among Older Participants in the University of Rhode Island Engaging Generations Cyber‐Seniors digiAGE Pilot Study
Authors: Leedahl Skye N. , Souza Kristin , Capolino Alexandria , Brasher Melanie , Pascuzzi Emma , Azzinaro Christina , Ellison Tyler‐Ann , Estus Erica , Maigret Maureen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis pilot study aimed to bridge the digital divide between older and younger adults. The goal was for older people in the state to become digitally literate by engaging them in a program that provides digital devices (i.e., Apple iPads), internet connectivity (i.e., through HotSpots), and training from supervised university student mentors. This project, funded as a key policy initiative through the state's unit on aging, specifically promoted social and economic equity by targeting participants from lower‐income communities and areas hit hardest by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our university partnered with senior/community centers to recruit and support English‐ and Spanish‐speaking adults 50 years of age and older (age range: 55‐100, M=72.3, SD=8.5). For this paper, we examined changes in technology use and digital competence from the pre‐ to the post‐survey (collected over the phone) from older participants (N=145), and we examined how the program contributed to new ways for participants to connect to community resources. Based on statistical analyses, participants improved in digital competence (pre=2.06, post=2.74), technology use (pre=1.99, post=2.70), tablet use (pre=1.53, post=4.08), and the number of purposes in which participants used technology (pre=4.09, post=5.55; p's<.01). Themes that arose from the qualitative data included feeling more capable and confident in searching out new information, now knowing where to find activities and resources, and meeting with doctors and booking health appointments. This program addressed a significant community need during the pandemic and had success working with community partners. Policies for state grants that support broadband equity, digital literacy and digital equity initiatives should utilize this research to inform their efforts to address digital inclusion needs for older adults.