bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P253R fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2 mutation induces RUNX2 transcript variants and calvarial osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Baroni Tiziano , Carinci Paolo , Lilli Cinzia , Bellucci Catia , Aisa Maria Cristina , Scapoli Luca , Volinia Stefano , Carinci Francesco , Pezzetti Furio , Calvitti Mario , Farina Antonio , Conte Carmela , Bodo Maria 
Published: August 2004

AbstractUnregulated fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signaling caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) leads to human craniosynostosis such as the Apert syndrome. In an in vitro control model of calvarial osteoblasts from Apert patients carrying the FGFR2 P253R mutation, we studied the changes in cellular phenotype and evaluated the effects of FGF2. Compared with wild‐type controls, osteocalcin mRNA was down‐regulated in Apert osteoblasts, Runt‐related transcription factor‐2 (RUNX2) mRNA was differentially spliced, and FGF2 secretion was greater. Total protein synthesis, fibronectin and type I collagen secretion were up‐regulated, while protease and glycosidase activities and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) transcription were decreased, suggesting an altered ECM turnover. Adding FGF2 increased protease and glycosidase activities and down‐regulated fibronectin and type I collagen secretion in Apert osteoblasts. High affinity FGF2 receptors were up‐regulated in Apert osteoblasts and analysis of signal transduction showed elevated levels of Grb2 tyrosine phosphorylation and the Grb2‐p85 beta association, which FGF2 stimulation strongly reduced. All together these findings suggest increased constitutive receptor activity in Apert mutant osteoblasts and an autocrine loop involving the FGF2 pathway in modulation of Apert osteoblast behavior. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pilot‐plant production of xylo‐oligosaccharides from corncob by steaming, enzymatic hydrolysis and nanofiltration
Authors: Yuan QP , Zhang H , Qian ZM , Yang XJ 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper reports a pilot‐plant production process for xylo‐oligosaccharides (mainly xylobiose and xylotriose) from corncob meal by steaming treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and nanofiltration. The effects of corncob meal pretreatment, steaming temperature and time were investigated in order to obtain maximum extraction of xylan and to minimize the autohydrolysis of xylan into xylose. The enzymatic reaction was carried out using Aspergillus niger AN‐1.15 endo‐xylanase at 55 °C and the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis time was 5 h. The conventional downstream processing for purification of xylo‐oligosaccharides was incorporated with nanofiltration technology, giving benefits of energy saving and removal of monosaccharides. The final product from 40 kg of corncob meal was 10 dm3 of xylo‐oligosaccharide syrup (800 g dm−3 total sugar), containing 74.5% xylobiose and xylotriose. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
A rapid one‐step radiosynthesis of the β‐amyloid imaging radiotracer N‐methyl‐[11C]2‐(4′‐methylaminophenyl)‐6‐hydroxybenzothiazole ([11C]‐6‐OH‐BTA‐1)
Authors: Wilson Alan A. , Garcia Armando , Chestakova Alexandra , Kung Hank , Houle Sylvain 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe promising β‐amyloid PET imaging agent, [11C]‐6‐OH‐BTA‐1, has been radiolabelled in one step using [11C]‐methyl triflate. No protection of the 6‐hydroxy group is required, greatly simplifying the synthetic method. The reaction may be carried out in solution or by the captive solvent ‘loop’ method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of 99mTc‐labelled biologically active molecules using borohydride exchange resin as a reducing agent for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Gwon Hui Jeong , Park Kyung Bae 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA novel and efficient method for preparing 99mTc‐complexes of radiopharmaceuticals has been developed by reacting [99mTc]pertechnetate with a ligand in the presence of borohydride exchange resin (BER) as a reducing agent. The latter is stable over a wide range of pH (2–11) and thus can be used with biologically active compounds without the formation of insoluble 99mTcO2 or SnO2 colloids. Since the radiolabelled complexes are produced with high radiochemical purity and labelling efficiency under milder conditions than those required for the conventional reducing agents, the latter can be replaced. The method is expected to be applicable to the preparation of 99mTc‐radiopharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of quasi‐enantiomeric isotopomers as chiral probes for determining stereoisomeric purity
Authors: Eames Jason , Suggate Michael J. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis review discusses the use of chiral isotopomers, in particular the use of quasi‐enantiomeric isotopomers as novel chiral probes for determination of enantio‐ and diastereoisomeric purity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Least squares spectral element method for 2D Maxwell equations in the frequency domain
Authors: Maggio F. , Mazzarella G. , Pitzianti C. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe propose a high order numerical method for the first order Maxwell equations in the frequency domain, defined in media with arbitrary complex shape. Our approach is based on the combination of the least squares approach with the spectral element method. The former frees the solution from spurious modes, that can be found sometimes in classical finite element simulations. Many examples of such non‐physical solutions exist in literature, and elimination of these spurious effects is a subject of great interest. Spectral elements are a numerical technique for solving partial differential equations which can be regarded as an extension of finite elements: they merge the flexibility of finite elements in dealing with complex geometries, and the better accuracy of spectral methods. Convergence to exact solution is improved by increasing (at run time) the polynomial degree, with no changes on the computational grid: this provides a significant advantage in respect to low order finite element, which necessarily have to resort to grid refinement. In the authors opinion this approach can be successfully used for the treatment of large scale electromagnetic problems or, alternatively, for applications where higher precision is required. We present a few numerical experiments which prove the capability of the method in object. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring primary activities of the knowledge chain
Authors: Holsapple Clyde W. , Jones Kiku 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIt is often claimed that knowledge management (KM) is important, or even essential, as a basis for competitiveness. The knowledge chain model was recently advanced as a first step in understanding the linkage between KM and organizational performance. Based on a general ontology of KM, this model identifies five primary and four secondary activities as focal points for enhancing competitiveness. Both anecdotes and survey results support the model. Here we further explore the primary KM activities found in the knowledge chain model by treating each as a class involving several distinct types of activity. A literature review yielded over 200 variations of the five primary activities. We consolidate these into 32 distinct activity types and organize them into the five primary activity classes. Within each class a typology of activity types is developed. The result is a more in‐depth version of the knowledge chain model. It gives greater guidance to practitioners striving to incorporate KM into their organizations and their competitive strategies. It also suggests avenues for future research. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological utilization for knowledge management
Authors: Moffett Sandra , McAdam Rodney , Parkinson Stephen 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the role and contribution of new information communication technologies in the emerging field of knowledge management (KM). There is much confusion in the literature, and in organizations, as to what role technology has within the field of KM. This quandary has led to the danger that organizations could spend large amounts of time, money and other resources on inappropriate technology in support of their KM efforts. The paper presents the classification of KM technology tools under the headings of collaboration, content management and business intelligence. This paper also seeks to clarify how KM technologies have been applied in organizations in recent years. Overall, the paper presents an overview of current literature and practical technological adoption and application in the KM field. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐review of knowledge management and intellectual capital literature: citation impact and research productivity rankings
Authors: Serenko Alexander , Bontis Nick 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study is to conduct a meta‐review analysis of the knowledge management and intellectual capital literatures by investigating research productivity and conducting a citation analysis of individuals, institutions, and countries. The meta‐analysis focuses on the three leading peer‐reviewed, refereed journals in this area: Journal of Intellectual Capital, Journal of Knowledge Management, and Knowledge and Process Management. Results indicate that research productivity is exploding and that there are several leading authors and foundation publications that are referenced regularly. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing the transition from bricks‐and‐mortar to clicks‐and‐mortar: a business process perspective
Authors: Barnes David , Hinton Matthew , Mieczkowska Suzanne 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis paper reports from case study‐based research that investigates the impact of the transition from bricks‐and‐mortar to clicks‐and‐mortar businesses on the management of core internal business processes. It has two main aims: firstly, to identify the business models for the processes of order fulfilment and delivery used in clicks‐and‐mortar e‐businesses, and any organizational and environmental factors affecting these processes; secondly, to identify the main factors involved in the adoption and use of Internet‐based ICTs for e‐commerce in clicks‐and‐mortar e‐businesses, and any organizational and environmental factors affecting adoption and use. Results from eight UK‐based companies that have been changing from traditional bricks‐and‐mortar companies to clicks‐and‐mortar e‐businesses are reported. Five main conclusions are drawn from a cross‐case analysis: (1) increased integration in e‐commerce business processes is inhibited by both technological and business barriers; (2) organizations display various and often confused motives for adopting e‐commerce; (3) barriers to the increased adoption of e‐commerce are not just technological, but also sociological and economic; (4) the adoption of e‐commerce challenges existing supply network relationships; (5) the adoption of e‐commerce is tending to automate rather than redesign existing business processes. A three‐pronged approach to future research work in this under‐researched area is recommended. This encompasses undertaking longitudinal case study research to track e‐commerce developments over time, extending the range of cases to include other industry sectors (such as not for profits), and undertaking survey research across a large number of organizations, using quantitative methods, to test the generalizability of the findings from this research. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How middle managers integrate knowledge within projects
Authors: Janczak Sergio 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the interwoven strategic and tactical processes that middle management uses to integrate knowledge in multidivisional organizations. I add to the management literature by not only examining the new roles of middle managers but also by explaining the dynamics of these middle managers' roles when pursuing projects. In summary, my research contributes to the process literature by focusing on middle management. These findings indicate that middle managers used three processes (analytic, intuitive and pragmatic) to create and integrate dispersed knowledge into organizational knowledge delivered to their clients. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Delivery Achieved with Bi‐Layer Matrix Devices Produced by Co‐Injection Moulding
Authors: Vaz Cláudia M. , van Doeveren Patrick F. N. M. , Dias Gustavo R. , Reis Rui L. , Cunha António M. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: The aim of this study was to design new soy protein‐based bi‐layered co‐injection moulded matrix systems aimed to achieve controlled drug delivery. The devices consisted of a drug‐free outer layer (skin) and a drug‐containing core. The systems overcame the inherent disadvantage of non‐linear release associated with diffusion‐controlled single‐layer matrix devices by providing additional releasing area with time to compensate for the decreasing release rate. As expected, the bi‐layer devices presented a significant decrease in drug release rate when compared with a correspondent single layer matrix system. The skin thickness and the degree of crosslinking of the core appeared to be very important tools to tailor the release patterns. Furthermore, due to the amphoteric nature of the soy protein, the developed devices evidenced a pH‐dependent behaviour. The mechanisms of drug release were also elucidated at two different pH values: i) pH 5.0, near the isoelectric point of soy (low matrix solubility); and ii) pH 7.4, physiological pH (high matrix solubility). Consequently, changing the release medium from pH 5.0 to pH 7.4 after two hours, led to an abrupt increase in drug release and the devices presented a typical controlled drug delivery profile: slow release/fast release. These evidences may provide for the development of individual systems with different release onsets that in combination may exhibit drug releases at predetermined times in a pre‐programmed way. Another possibility is the production of three‐layer devices presenting bimodal release profiles (fast release/slow release/fast release) by similar technologies.Scanning electron micrograph of a developed bi‐layer device.magnified imageScanning electron micrograph of a developed bi‐layer device.
Production and Characterization of Chitosan Fibers and 3‐D Fiber Mesh Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Tuzlakoglu Kadriye , Alves Catarina M. , Mano Joao F. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: This study reports on the production of chitosan fibers and 3‐D fiber meshes for the use as tissue engineering scaffolds. Both structures were produced by means of a wet spinning technique. Maximum strain at break and tensile strength of the developed fibers were found to be 8.5% and 204.9 MPa, respectively. After 14 d of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and inductively coupled plasma emission (ICP) spectroscopy analyses showed that a bioactive Ca‐P layer was formed on the surface of the fibers, meaning that they exhibit a bioactive behavior. The samples showed around 120% max. swelling in physiological conditions. The pore sizes of 3‐D chitosan fiber mesh scaffolds were observed to be in the range of 100–500 μm by SEM. The equilibrium‐swelling ratio of the developed scaffolds was found to be around 170% (w/w) in NaCl solution at 37 °C. Besides that, the limit swelling strain was less than 30%, as obtained by mechanical spectroscopy measurements in the same conditions. The viscoelastic properties of the scaffolds were also evaluated by both creep and dynamic mechanical tests. By means of using short‐term MEM extraction test, both types of structures (fibers and scaffolds) were found to be non‐cytotoxic to fibroblasts. Furthermore, osteoblasts directly cultured over chitosan fiber mesh scaffolds presented good morphology and no inhibition of cell proliferation could be observed.Osteoblast‐like cells proliferating over chitosan based fibers after 7 d of culture.magnified imageOsteoblast‐like cells proliferating over chitosan based fibers after 7 d of culture.
Fibers and 3D Mesh Scaffolds from Biodegradable Starch‐Based Blends: Production and Characterization
Authors: Pavlov Miroslav P. , Mano João F. , Neves Nuno M. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: The aim of this work is the production of fibers from biodegradable polymers to obtain 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering of hard tissues. The scaffolds required for this highly demanding application need to have, as well as the biological and mechanical characteristics, a high degree of porosity with suitable dimensions for cell seeding and proliferation. Furthermore, the open cell porosity should have adequate interconnectivity for a continuous flow of nutrients and outflow of cell metabolic residues as well as to allow cell growth into confluent layers. Blends of corn starch, a natural biodegradable polymer, with other synthetic polymers (poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol), poly(ε‐caprolactone), poly(lactic acid)) were selected for this work because of their good balance of properties, namely biocompatibility, processability and mechanical properties. Melt spinning was used to produce fibers from all the blends and 3D meshes from one of the starch‐poly(lactic acid) blends. The experimental characterization included the evaluation of the tensile mechanical properties and thermal properties of the fibers and the compression stiffness, porosity and degradation behavior of the 3D meshes.Light microscopy picture of 3D meshes.magnified imageLight microscopy picture of 3D meshes.
Self‐Assembly of Dendritic Macromolecules Based on the Ionic Interaction of Linear Chain Polyelectrolyte Cores with Oppositely Charged Focal Ionogenic Groups of Dendrons
Authors: Bilibin Alexander Y. , Moukhina Irina V. , Girbasova Nina V. , Egorova Galina G. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: A new principle for the design of dendritic macromolecules – the ionic binding of linear chain polyelectrolyte with oppositely charged focal ionogenic groups of dendrons – has been developed. The majority of the dendritic ionic complexes (DICs) are prepared with poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) as a polymeric core and L‐aspartic acid dendrons of different generations. Two series of DICs were prepared using PSS and aspartic dendrons bearing terminal (located at the external periphery) methoxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl groups (C1‐n and C6‐n respectively where n is the generation number). Ionic binding of about 100% was found for dendrons of Generation 1–3. The solubility of the DICs was examined and the DICs prepared were studied by IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and viscometry.Dendritic ionic complexes prepared using poly(styrenesulfonic acid) acid and aspartic dendrons bearing terminal methoxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl groups.magnified imageDendritic ionic complexes prepared using poly(styrenesulfonic acid) acid and aspartic dendrons bearing terminal methoxycarbonyl and hexyloxycarbonyl groups.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 8/2004
Authors: Fortini Sophie , Lavanchy Frédéric , Meyer Thierry 
Published: August 2004

Cover: Supercritical fluids (SCF) can be used as alternative to conventional solvents. The supercritical reaction calorimetry, developed to study chemical reactions in SCF, allows accessing thermodynamic and kinetic properties, hydrodynamic and transfer phenomena information as well as reaction monitoring.Further details can be found in the Full Paper by S. Fortini, F. Lavanchy, and Th. Meyer* on page 757.
Neutral and Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Macromolecules Containing Arylazo Chromophores
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Okasha Rawda M. , Shipman Patrick O. , Afifi Tarek H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractSummary: A new class of macromolecules containing neutral and cationic organoiron moieties with arylazo chromophores in their backbones has been prepared. Photolysis of these polymers resulted in the removal of the cationic iron moieties leading to new polyferrocenes with azo dyes in their backbones. UV‐vis studies showed λmax around 419 nm in DMF with a bathochromic shift to around 530 nm upon the addition of HCl.Organoiron macromolecules containing azo dye moieties prepared in this study.imageOrganoiron macromolecules containing azo dye moieties prepared in this study.
Development and validation of the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS)
Authors: Wenning Gregor K. , Tison Franc̨ois , Seppi Klaus , Sampaio Cristina , Diem Anja , Yekhlef Farid , Ghorayeb Imad , Ory Fabienne , Galitzky Monique , Scaravilli Tommaso , Bozi Maria , Colosimo Carlo , Gilman Sid , Shults Clifford W. , Quinn Niall P. , Rascol Olivier , Poewe Werner ,   and the Multiple System Atrophy Study Group
Published: August 2004

AbstractWe aimed to develop and validate a novel rating scale for multiple system atrophy (Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale ‐ UMSARS). The scale comprises the following components: Part I, historical, 12 items; Part II, motor examination, 14 items; Part III, autonomic examination; and Part IV, global disability scale. For validation purposes, 40 MSA patients were assessed in four centers by 4 raters per center (2 senior and 2 junior raters). The raters applied the UMSARS, as well as a range of other scales, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Internal consistency was high for both UMSARS‐I (Crohnbach's alpha = 0.84) and UMSARS‐II (Crohnbach's alpha = 0.90) sections. The interrater reliability of most of the UMSARS‐I and ‐II items as well as of total UMSARS‐I and ‐II subscores was substantial (k (w) = 0.6–0.8) to excellent (k (w) > 0.8). UMSARS‐II correlated well with UPDRS‐III and ICARS (rs > 0.8). Depending on the degree of the patient's disability, completion of the entire UMSARS took 30 to 45 minutes. Based on our findings, the UMSARS appears to be a multidimensional, reliable, and valid scale for semiquantitative clinical assessments of MSA patients. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Validity of separating group‐velocity dispersion of photonic‐crystal fibers into material and waveguide components
Authors: Haldar M. K. , Coetzee J. C. , Gabriel Aw S. F. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractBased on the effective index model of an endlessly single‐mode photonic‐crystal fiber, the analysis of group‐velocity dispersion (GVD) can be separated into material and waveguide components. In this paper, the validity of this approach is examined. The separation is shown to be valid only at small air‐hole diameters, where the variation of the effective index of the cladding closely follows that of the core. We illustrate the fact that more accurate results of the GVD can be obtained by using a numerical method which avoids separation into the above components, and taking into account the wavelength‐dependent behavior of the refractive index of silica. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 91–93, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20385