bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost of severe haemophilia in Toronto
Authors: Heemstra H. E. , Zwaan T. , Hemels M. , Feldman B. M. , Blanchette V. , Kern M. , Einarson T. R. 
Published: May 2005

Summary. Our objective was to determine costs and trends in treating boys with severe haemophilia A before our centre routinely used prophylaxis.One reviewer extracted data from patient charts to determine resource consumption for 17 boys with severe haemophilia A from 1978 to 1998 at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. Resources included factor concentrate, doctors and health care professionals (physiotherapists/social workers), tests (laboratory, radiological and diagnostic) and hospitalizations. Subgroup analysis on those patients infected with HIV and/or hepatitis were also performed. Costs in Canadian Dollars were taken from standard lists and discounted at 3%.Total average cost (range) $62 292 (3339–121 738) per year patient−1; the largest fraction, $59 910 (3103–119 480), 96.2% was accounted for by factor VIII. Hospitalizations accounted for $1832 (0–5217) per patient year−1including drugs, nursing care and stay. Doctor and health care professionals visits averaged $252 (36–462) and $72 (0–175) per patient year−1, laboratory and other tests cost $201 (22–377) and $26 (2–60) per patient year−1, respectively. The average number of bleeds was 12.9 (2.0–22.0) per patient year−1, decreasing since 1977 by 0.68 per patient year−1(R2 = 0.56). Hospitalizations averaged 0.22 (0–4) per patient year−1, lasting 2.3 days. From 1984, hospitalizations decreased by 0.025 patient−1 year−1(R2 = 0.76). Concurrently, the average treatment costs increased by $5456 patient−1 year−1(R2 = 0.81). Clotting factor concentrate cost per patient increased by $5521 year−1(R2 = 0.82). Patients with virally transmitted diseases had considerable higher costs.The cost per year was substantial. Costs increased with virally transmitted diseases. Number of bleeds and hospitalizations over the period of study decreased and costs increased because of factor use in secondary prophylaxis.
Upregulation of tissue‐type plasminogen activator in inflamed human dental pulps
Authors: Huang F.‐M. , Tsai C.‐H. , Chen Y.‐J. , Liu C.‐M. , Chou M.‐Y. , Chang Y.‐C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAim  To compare tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) expression in normal human pulp and inflamed human pulp tissue specimens.Methodology  Thirty pulpal tissue specimens (13 normal and 17 inflamed pulps) were obtained from extracted third molars. The levels of t‐PA between normal pulp and inflamed pulp tissues were compared using the quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to identify the in situ localization of t‐PA expression in pulp specimens. Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney rank sum test was applied for the statistical analysis of the results.Results  t‐PA mRNA gene was found more in inflamed pulps when compared with normal pulp tissue (P < 0.05). The results from immunohistochemistry demonstrated that t‐PA expression was significantly higher in the inflamed pulp (P = 0.025). t‐PA stain was detected in the fibroblasts, inflammatory infiltrates and endothelial cells.Conclusions  t‐PA expression was significantly higher in inflamed pulp tissue. t‐PA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulpal inflammation.
BES Spring Scientific Meeting 2005 Research Poster
Authors: Bateman G. , Saunders W. P. , Roff S. L. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryAim  To evaluate the impact of European Society of Endodontology curriculum guidelines on undergraduate teaching in the UK.Methodology  A postal questionnaire was designed by two authors (WPS, GB) in 2003. This included open and closed questions relating to endodontic curricula and the impact of curriculum guidelines. This was sent with a cover letter to the thirteen UK undergraduate schools. Data harvest was completed a year after the initial questionnaires were sent. Responses were collated and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively.Results  Eight (62%) questionnaires were returned. Analysis revealed divergence from aspects of curriculum guidelines. Guidelines were applied by seven schools. Four schools had not applied guidelines related to endodontic surgery as this was taught by Departments of Oral Surgery. One respondent stated that the established curriculum was too inflexible to allow application. There was wide variation in curriculum structure with combinations of outcome, competency and problem‐based learning. No schools had a separate department of Endodontology. All schools felt graduates should be competent at de‐novo treatment of single and multi‐rooted teeth. In general, competence was expected in single canal re‐treatment but not multi‐rooted teeth. Patient recruitment proved a major barrier to meeting guidelines. Number of cases to be completed by graduation ranged from 6 to 14 in total. Three schools felt that guidelines were not achievable citing lack of time, funds and appropriate staff.All schools provided operative techniques classes prior to clinical treatment. These ranged from 20 to 120 hours (mean 43, S.D. 35.24.). Cases completed in these classes varied. For single rooted teeth this ranged from one to six (mean 2.57). For multi‐rooted teeth this ranged from one to three (mean 2.14). Most schools had at least one faculty member with a special interest in Endodontology. In seven schools however, teaching was also carried out by staff with no special interest. Five schools did not have a separate endodontic clinic. Five respondents had undergraduate learning in outreach centres. Trauma teaching was mainly carried out by in Departments of Paediatric Dentistry.Conclusions  There is wide variation in the delivery of endodontic curricula in the U.K. Whilst curriculum guidelines are available, there are barriers to delivering these. Consideration should be given to revision of guidelines in light of their evident inapplicability in some areas.
Childhood Levels of Immunoglobulins and Mannan‐Binding Lectin in Relation to Infections and Allergy
Authors: Thórarinsdóttir H. K. , Lúdvíksson B. R. , Víkingsdóttir T. , Leópoldsdóttir M. O. , Árdal B. , Jónsson T. , Valdimarsson H. , Arason G. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRespiratory tract infections, allergies and otitis media are common problems in early childhood. Our aim was to evaluate in a longitudinal community‐based cohort study the association between maturation of immunoglobulin (Ig) and mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) responses and disease manifestations in the first 4 years of life. Sustained low levels of IgA proved the strongest single indicator of susceptibility for recurrent otitis media (P = 0.008) and respiratory tract infections (P = 0.02), and this condition was also associated with low production of IgG subclasses. About 7% of the cohort had sustained low levels of MBL (<0.4 mg/l). Low MBL did not predispose to any ailments studied, but children with low IgA and recurrent otitis media had relatively low MBL at birth, which failed to increase during the study period and was significantly reduced at the age of 4 years (P = 0.04). MBL levels increased from birth to 2 years (P < 0.0001) and were higher in children than in adults (P = 0.001). The increase was 1.9‐fold in children with no recorded clinical events and 1.7‐fold in children with asthma or infections, but significantly lower, 1.2‐fold, in children with recurrent otitis media. Low levels of IgA within the normal range may reveal disease susceptibility not detected by conventional criteria. Slow maturation of Ig appears to be the main factor of susceptibility during childhood, but a strong corollary role for MBL is indicated by the high levels produced during childhood as well as the precipitation of disease in children with low levels of MBL and Ig.
Induction of Oral Tolerance in Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome Autoimmunity
Authors: Kurien B. T. , Asfa S. , Li C. , Dorri Y. , Jonsson R. , Scofield R. H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have showed that immunization with peptides from Ro 60 results in Sjögren's syndrome (SS)‐like condition in BALB/c mice. We hypothesized that oral feeding with Ro 60 peptide or Ro 60 would prevent the disease. Four groups (each consisting of 10) of BALB/c mice were used. Group I–III were immunized with Ro 274 peptide. Group IV mice were administered adjuvant only. Group II mice were fed orally with Ro 274 peptide and Group III with Ro 60 for 5 days before immunization. There was a significant reduction in the binding of sera from both Group II and Group III mice to most of the Ro multiple antigenic peptides bound by Group I mice. In Group III mice, salivary flow was maintained above that of the Group I mice (average: 117.5 versus 58.6 µl; t = 2.7; P = 0.02). Salivary infiltrates were drastically decreased in the Ro peptide or Ro 60‐fed groups, compared to non‐tolerized group. Two of eight mice in Group II and 3/6 mice in Group III had no infiltrates, whereas all eight mice studied in Group I had a significant number of infiltrates. Thus, epitope spreading was prevented, lymphocytic infiltration was blocked and saliva flow was restored by means of oral feeding of either Ro 274 or Ro 60 in this animal model of SS.
The Pathophysiology of Acute Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Jaksch M. , Mattsson J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDespite improvements in allogeneic stem cell transplantation, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) remains a significant problem after transplantation, and it is still a major cause of post‐transplant mortality. Disease progression is characterized by the differentiation of alloreactive T cells to effector cells leading to tissue damage, recruitment of additional inflammatory cell populations and further cytokine dysregulation. To make the complex process of acute GVHD more explicit, the pathophysiology of acute GVHD is often divided into three different phases. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in the three phases of acute GVHD.
Relationship between Rainfall andNeospora caninum‐associated Abortion in Two Dairy Herds in a Dry Environment
Authors: López‐Gatius F. , García‐Ispierto I. , Santolaria P. , Yániz J. L. , López‐Béjar M. , Nogareda C. , AlmerÍa S. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe possible direct relationship between climate variations and abortion inNeospora caninum‐infected cows has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether climate changes could be a risk factor for abortion inN. caninum‐infected cows, and was based on yearly serological screening for neosporosis and on the confirmation ofN. caninuminfection on aborted fetuses in two high‐producing dairy herds with a mean 27% seroprevalence ofN. caninumantibodies. The final population study was comprised of 357 pregnancies in seropositive animals. Logistic regression analysis indicated no significant effects of herd,N. caninumantibody titre, climate variables during the first and third trimesters of gestation, mean and maximum temperature–humidity index values during the second trimester of gestation, and previous abortion on the abortion rate. Based on the odds ratio, a 1‐unit increase in lactation number yielded a 0.85‐fold decrease in the abortion rate. The likelihood of abortion was 1.9 times (1/0.54) lower for pregnant cows inseminated with beef bull semen compared with Holstein‐Friesian bull semen. The likelihood of abortion decreased significant and progressively by factors of 0.5, 0.41 and 0.3 for the respective classes 40–49, 30–39 and <30 rainfall mm during the second trimester of gestation (using the class ≥60 rainfall mm as reference). As a general conclusion, it seems that increased rainfall in a dry environment can compromise the success of gestation inN. caninum‐infected cows. Attempts should therefore be made to reduce environment effects during the second trimester of gestation, a period in which the immune response of cows is diminished.
A Novel Subgroup among Genotypes of Equine Arteritis Virus: Genetic Comparison of 40 Strains
Authors: Hornyák Á. , Bakonyi T. , Tekes G. , Szeredi L. , Rusvai M. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe authors determined partial nucleic sequences of the variable regions of open‐reading frame (ORF5) from 151 nucleotide to 668 nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of 518 nucleotide respectively of 20 equine arteritis virus (EAV) isolates. About 19 Hungarian and one Austrian EAV strains were subjected to sequence analysis, the further data of 20 EAV strains: six North American and 14 European were obtained from the GenBank. Comparative sequence analysis of the Hungarian EAV strains indicated that among the three variable regions the first has been affected mostly by point mutations. Genetic comparison of the Hungarian strains with other EAV isolates from western Europe and North America (including the Bucyrus reference strain) has been performed on the aforementioned genome region. Besides the already known genetic subgroups of EAV; phylogenetic analysis revealed a novel subgroup comprising mainly Hungarian strains. Compared with the Bucyrus virus, the overall sequence divergencies of the examined Hungarian strains ranged from 81.47 to 90.73% at nucleotide and from 84.88 to 91.86% at amino acid level. Epizootiological studies have shown that the significant part of the EAV strains having been existed in Hungary before and in 2000 belong to this unique cluster (II.D) which was not indicated in former phylogenetic studies. After 2000 new EAV strains emerged in Hungary, one of them causing abortions or neonatal death. The previously dominant ‘Hungarian’ EAV genotypes were replaced by these new strains belonging to North American and European subgroups (I.A, I.B, II.A, II.B). The anamnesis of these cases revealed connections with persistent virus shedder stallions, those were imported to the country after 2000 or have been infected abroad. One of these Hungarian stallions became the source of abortion storms in Hungarian studs.
Investigations into the Basis of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline Resistance in Staphylococcus intermedius Isolates from Cases of Pyoderma in Dogs
Authors: Kim T. J. , Na Y. R. , Lee J. I. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryA total of 160 Staphylococcus intermedius isolates were recovered from cases of pyoderma in 2002 and were examined for susceptibility to 13 different antimicrobial agents. Ninety per cent (144) of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, derivatives of which have been used until recently, and 18% (29) were resistant to chloramphenicol which was banned from use 13 years ago. The presence of genes encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and tetracycline resistance (tet); tet(K), (L), (M), and (O) were determined by PCR in the 29 chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistant isolates. Seventeen (59%) isolates contained the cat gene while 12 (41%) isolates did not carry the cat gene, implying there may be other genes for chloramphenicol resistance that were not detected by the primers (primer set 1) used in this study. The tet(M) gene was found in 28 (97%) of the resistant S. intermedius isolates, but none contained the tet(O) gene. All 29 isolates carried one or two tet genes; tet(K), (L), and (M), with four different distribution patterns. New PCR products, a 1.1 kb product using primer set 1 and a 0.2 kb product using primer set 2, were cloned and sequenced. A 904 bp fragment of S. aureus plamid pS194, including sequence from the streptomycin adenyltransferase gene (804 bp), was found inserted into the terminal region of the cat gene (GenBank accession no. AY604739), whilst the sequence of 0.2 kb was previously unpublished.
Direct comparison of repeated same‐day self and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Authors: CARNEY SHANE , GILLIES ALASTAIR , GARVEY LEANNE , SMITH ANTHONY 
Published: May 2005

SUMMARY:Background and Aim:  The relative roles of self and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (self BPM, ABPM, respectively) have yet to be clearly defined despite accumulating evidence of self BPM benefits, particularly in hypertension management. In particular, measurements comparable to ABPM have been documented with self‐measurement, usually twice daily over one or more days. Nevertheless, ABPM offers a series of recordings performed throughout the day that can be invaluable during drug treatment. Consequently, this study evaluated 18 normotensive and 79 hypertensive patients, including 21 not taking hypotensive agents, and measured their blood pressure at least every 2 h while they were also undergoing ABPM.Methods and Results:  Self‐measurement was performed between five and 12 times during the day with 77% of subjects preferring self BPM rather than daytime ABPM. When compared with the closest ABP measurement, mean systolic and diastolic pressures were not significantly different throughout the day in both normotensive and hypertensive patients. However, a comparison of a series of ABPM hourly averages (three readings performed closest to the respective self BPM reading) throughout the day in all hypertensive subjects found ABPM readings to be slightly but significantly lower (3.3 systolic, 2.2 mmHg diastolic; P < 0.05).Conclusion:  It is concluded that multiple self‐measurements throughout the day provides comparable information to daytime ABPM, is preferred by most patients, and should be a cost‐effective alternative in the diagnosis and management of hypertension.
Stresses in ion‐exchange layers of soda‐lime‐silicate glass
Authors: FETT T. , GUIN J. P. , WIEDERHORN S. M. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new method to determine both the magnitude and the sign of the surface stresses that develop as a consequence of sodium/hydrogen ion exchange in soda‐lime‐silicate glass immersed in water. At 90 °C, very thin layers that develop at the surfaces of polished glass specimens are found to have extremely high compressive stresses, −2.4 GPa. The negative sign of the stress is consistent with earlier findings that the ion‐exchange process involves hydronium ions (H3O+) and not bare protons (H+).
Boswellia carteriiExtract Inhibits TH1 Cytokines and Promotes TH2 Cytokines In Vitro
Authors: Chevrier Marc R. , Ryan Abigail E. , Lee David Y.-W. , Zhongze Ma , Wu-Yan Zhang , Via Charles S. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTTraditional herbal formulas used to treat inflammatory arthritis in China and India includeBoswellia carteriiorBoswellia serrata. They both contain boswellic acids (BAs) which have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties. This study tests the hypothesis that mixtures of BAs derived fromB. carteriihave immunomodulatory properties.B. carteriiplant resin obtained from China was prepared as an ethanol extract, and the presence of seven BAs was confirmed by column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and UV laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. The extract was then tested for its ability to alter in vitro production of TH1 cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2] and gamma interferon) and TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) by murine splenocytes. Delivery of the resin extract using ethanol as a solvent resulted in significant cellular toxicity not seen with the addition of ethanol alone. By contrast, delivery of the resin extract using a sesame oil solvent resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of TH1 cytokines coupled with a dose-dependent potentiation of TH2 cytokines. These results indicate that a purified mixture of BAs fromB. carteriiplant resin exhibits carrier-dependent immunomodulatory properties in vitro.
Colonic ulcers in propylthiouracil induced vasculitis with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Gaburri P D , Chebli J M F , Attalla Â , Pereira C M N , Bonfante H L , Martins Junior E V , Gaburri A K 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A 48 year old white woman was admitted to the hospital because of several bouts of migratory polyarthritis, weight loss, fever, and abdominal pain over a period of 15 months. She had been taking propylthiouracil 100 mg daily for three years for hyperthyroidism treatment. A test for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) was positive with a perinuclear pattern of staining. Antiphospholipid antibodies were also detected. Colonoscopy showed several ulcers on intestinal mucosa and the biopsy specimen showed intense microscopic vasculitis. The patient is well after methylprednisolone pulse therapy and eight months of oral azathioprine. A surveillance colonoscopy showed complete healing of intestinal ulcers. No recurrence of symptoms has occurred and autoantibodies are negative, 10 months after treatment finished. The sequence of events suggests a propylthiouracil induced vasculitis p-ANCA positive and an antiphospholipid syndrome. This is the first report of colonic ulcers diagnosed and successfully treated in such circumstances.
Congenital heart disease in pregnancy
Authors: Head C E G , Thorne S A 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Congenital heart disease is now more prevalent than acquired in pregnancy in the developed world. In pregnancy the fall in systemic vascular resistance and increase in blood volume and cardiac output can cause functional deterioration in certain conditions. A minimally symptomatic woman with good ventricular function, normal oxygen saturation, and no left heart obstruction should tolerate pregnancy well. Women with pulmonary hypertension or dilated aortic root (pre-replacement) should be counselled against pregnancy and given appropriate contraceptive advice. The optimum management of a pregnant woman with a metallic prosthetic valve remains to be determined.
Bcl10 can promote survival of antigen-stimulated B lymphocytes
Authors: Tian Maoxin Tim , Gonzalez Gabriel , Scheer Barbara , DeFranco Anthony L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTo understand the nature of negative responses through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), we have screened an expression cDNA library for the ability to block BCR-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in the immature B-cell line, WEHI-231. We isolated multiple copies of full-length, unmutated Bcl10, a signaling adaptor molecule encoded by a gene found to translocate to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus in some mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. A conditionally active form of B-cell lymphoma 10 (Bcl10) protected WEHI-231 cells from BCR-induced apoptosis upon activation. Induction of Bcl10 activity caused rapid activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. These results support genetic and biochemical experiments that have implicated Bcl10 and its binding partners Carma1 and MALT1 in mediating the ability of the BCR to activate NF-κB. The ability of Bcl10 expression to prevent BCR-induced growth arrest and apoptosis of WEHI-231 cells was dependent on NF-κB activation. Finally, overexpression of Bcl10 in primary B cells activated ex vivo promoted the survival of these cells after removal of activating stimuli. Taken together these results support the hypothesis that enhanced BCL10 expression caused by translocation to the IGH locus can promote formation of MALT lymphomas. (Blood. 2005;106:2105-2112)