bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of cartilage biomechanical and biochemical properties via T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wheaton Andrew J. , Dodge George R. , Elliott Dawn M. , Nicoll Steven B. , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop T1ρ as an MR marker of the compositional and functional condition of cartilage. Specifically, we investigate the correlation of changes in cartilage biomechanical and biochemical properties with T1ρ relaxation rate in a cytokine‐induced model of degeneration. Bovine cartilage explants were cultured with 30 ng/mL of interleukin‐1β to mimic the cartilage degradation of early osteoarthritis. The average rate of T1ρ relaxation was calculated from T1ρ maps acquired on a 4.7 T research scanner. Stress‐relaxation biomechanical tests were conducted with a confined compression apparatus to measure uniaxial aggregate modulus (HA) and hydraulic permeability (k0) using linear biphasic theory. Proteoglycan, collagen, and water content were measured via biochemical assays. Average T1ρ relaxation rate was strongly correlated with proteoglycan content (R2 = 0.926), HA (R2 = 0.828), and log10 k0 (R2 = 0.862). Results of this study demonstrate that T1ρ MRI can detect changes in proteoglycan content and biomechanical properties of cartilage in a physiologically relevant model of cartilage degeneration. The T1ρ technique can potentially be used to noninvasively and quantitatively assess the biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of articular cartilage in humans during the progression of osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CSF cytology has limited value in the evaluation of patients with ependymoma who have MRI evidence of metastasis
Authors: Poltinnikov Igor M. , Merchant Thomas E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology in pediatric patients with ependymoma who relapsed after focal irradiation.MethodsEighty‐eight patients with ependymoma received conformal radiotherapy (CRT) from July 1997 through January 2003 on an IRB approved prospective treatment protocol. CSF cytology results from evaluations performed prior to CRT and at the time of failure were reviewed for patients who progressed after CRT as documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsTwenty‐two patients had MRI documented evidence of progression after CRT. Ten patients developed distant failure without local failure, four had combined local and distant failure and eight had local failure without distant failure. The median time from the start of CRT to progression was 19 months (range: 6–73). CSF cytology at diagnosis was negative for the presence of malignant cells in all patients. At the time of progression, CSF cytology was performed in 16 of 22 patients including all 10 patients with distant failure without local recurrence. Malignant cells were not found in any of the evaluated CSF specimens including those with distant failure documented by MRI.ConclusionsCSF cytology does not add valuable information when evaluating patients with ependymoma who have evidence of distant failure documented by MRI. The usefulness of CSF cytology in the general follow‐up evaluation of pediatric patients with ependymoma remains uncertain. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospital and home chemotherapy for children with leukemia: A randomized cross‐over study
Authors: Stevens Bonnie , Croxford Ruth , McKeever Patricia , Yamada Janet , Booth Marilyn , Daub Stacey , Gafni Amiram , Gammon Janet , Greenberg Mark 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe study objective was to compare a hospital‐based and a home‐based chemotherapy program for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relation to Quality of Life (QOL), safety, caregiver burden, and costs.ProcedureA randomized cross‐over trial (RCT) design with repeated measures was conducted with 23 children with ALL who attended the oncology outpatient clinic of a metropolitan university affiliated tertiary level pediatric hospital and who also received home visits from a community health services care provider in central Canada.ResultsDuring the home‐treatment phase, children were more capable of maintaining their usual routines than when receiving hospital chemotherapy (Wilcoxon statistic = 80, P = 0.023), but they appeared to experience greater emotional distress (Wilcoxon sign rank statistic S = 66, P = 0.043) according to parental report. Treatment location had no effect on caregiver burden and adverse effects. No significant differences between groups existed with respect to societal costs of care. As the child's age increased, QOL improved relative to younger children (t20 = −2.37, P = 0.02), the time burden related to child care tasks was reduced (t21 = −3.56, P = 0.002), caregiver effort/difficulty in physical and behavioral support decreased (t21 = −2.09, P = 0.049) and the odds of experiencing one or more adverse events decreased (OR = 0.79, CI = (0.63–1.00), χ = 4.01, P = 0.045).ConclusionsWith few differences noted between groups, these results indicate preliminary support for administrating some or all of a child's chemotherapy at home. Home chemotherapy was associated with specific improvements and decrements in parent reported QOL. No effects were seen on burden of care, adverse events, or cost. Overall, young age adversely affected QOL, burden of care, and adverse events. These data provide important information to families and caregivers as they consider home or hospital‐based therapy in childhood ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006;47:285–292. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality rate of adrenocortical tumors in children under 15 years of age in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Pianovski Mara A.D. , Maluf Eliane M.C.P. , de Carvalho Denise S. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Boffetta Paolo , Zancanella Patrícia , Figueiredo Bonald C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundSeveral reports refer to an increased frequency of adrenal cortex tumors (ACT) among children in Southern Brazil, yet all data have been derived from hospital‐based registries. An inherited germline mutation in the p53 gene (TP53 R337H) is detected in virtually all children with ACT in this region and accounts for the excess cases observed.ProcedureWe reviewed all death certificates that mentioned ACT or adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) and which were reported to the Paraná State Department of Health between 1998 and 2003, for individuals younger than 15 years who resided in the Curitiba metropolitan region.ResultsEight deaths from ACT and ten from NB were identified. The age‐standardized mortality rate per million children <15 years of age in the Curitiba metropolitan region during the years 1998–2003 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 1.8) for ACT and 2.3 (95% CI 2.0, 2.5) for NB. The ratio of the adrenal NB and ACT age‐adjusted mortality rates was 1.43. The incidence of ACT estimated from the mortality data, assuming an ACT survival rate of 0.542, was 3.5 (95% CI 2.9, 4.2).ConclusionsOur investigation of population‐based mortality confirms the evidence from hospital‐based registries of a clustering of ACT in Southern Brazil. In addition, our data suggest that the incidence of ACT in this region is about 12–18 times the incidence reported in the United States and Europe. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T cell epitope definition by differential mass spectrometry: Identification of a novel, immunogenic HLA‐B8 ligand directly from renal cancer tissue
Authors: Flad Thomas , Mueller Ludmila , Dihazi Hassan , Grigorova Veneta , Bogumil Ralf , Beck Alexander , Thedieck Cornelia , Mueller Gerhard A. , Kalbacher Hubert , Mueller Claudia A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this study, we describe a differential mass spectrometric technique for the immuno‐proteomic analysis of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides of a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) biopsy compared with the healthy kidney tissue of the same patient after nephrectomy. Using a stable isotope labeling approach, we could directly compare and relatively quantify 43 MHC‐peptide pairs, most of which were present in similar proportions on both normal kidney and tumor. Significantly, two dominant peptides of monoisotopic masses ([M+H]+) 973.43 u and 967.59 u, respectively, were found exclusively in the tumor sample. One of these was identified as originating from heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a protein involved in induction of apoptosis resistance, immuno‐suppression and neoangiogenesis and reported to be up‐regulated in various cancer types. Moreover, the corresponding synthetic HO‐1‐derived peptide was shown to be immunogenic in vitro by generation of CD8+ T cell lines with peptide‐specific cytolytic activity. Thus, this peptide is an example of a differentially identified T cell epitope that could be considered as a target for immunotherapy.
(Co)polymerization behavior of supported metallocene catalysts. I. Ligand and substituent effect
Authors: Białek Marzena , Czaja Krystyna , Reszka Aleksandra 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEthylene polymerization and its copolymerization with 1‐hexene with a set of supported metallocene catalysts were studied. As a carrier, the complex of magnesium chloride with tetrahydrofuran, which was previously pretreated with a triisobutylaluminium (TIBA), was used. The investigated metallocene compound differs in the metal type (Zr or Ti), the nature of the alkyl substituent in the cyclopentadienyl ring, and the type of ligand (Cp or Ind). The effect of catalyst composition on the anchored metal content, catalyst activity, comonomer reactivity, and polymer properties was investigated. The results obtained with supported catalysts were compared with those obtained with their homogeneous counterparts under the same (co)polymerization conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5562–5570, 2005
Poly(ionic liquid)s as new materials for CO2 absorption
Authors: Tang Jianbin , Tang Huadong , Sun Weilin , Radosz Maciej , Shen Youqing 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA series of imidazolium‐based ionic liquid monomers and their corresponding polymers (poly(ionic liquid)s) were synthesized, and their CO2 sorption was studied. The poly(ionic liquid)s had enhanced CO2 sorption capacities and fast sorption/desorption rates compared with room temperature ionic liquids. The effects of the chemical structures, including the types of anion, cation, and backbone of the poly(ionic liquid)s on their CO2 sorption have been discussed. In contrast to room temperature ionic liquids, the polymer with PF anions had the highest CO2‐sorption capacity, while those with BF or Tf2N− anions had the same capacities. The CO2 sorption and desorption of the polymers were fast and reversible, and the sorption was selective over H2, N2, and O2. The measured Henry's constants of P[VBBI][BF4] and P[MABI][BF4] were 26.0 bar and 37.7 bar, which were lower than those of similar room temperature ionic liquids. The preliminary study of the mechanism indicated that the CO2 sorption of the polymer particles was more absorption (the bulk) but less adsorption (the surface). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5477–5489, 2005
Synthesis and self‐assembly of hyperbranched polymers with benzoyl terminal arms
Authors: Jiang Guohua , Wang Li , Chen Tao , Dong Xiaochen , Yu Haojie , Wang Jianfeng , Chen Chang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractHyperbranched polyesters (HPs) with a variable content of benzoyl terminal groups were synthesized through the chemical modification of the HPs' cores by substituting a controlled fraction of the terminal hydroxyl groups with benzoyl chloride. The resulting hyperbranched polymers that were modified by benzoyl groups (HPs‐B) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Research results revealed that self‐assembled structures could be formed in selected solvents (acetone/n‐hexane). It was found that the morphologies of self‐assembled structures could be adjusted by controlling the content of outside benzoyl terminal groups in the hyperbranched polymers, the volume ratio of acetone with n‐hexane, and the concentration of the hyperbranched polymers with benzoyl terminal arms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5554–5561, 2005
Metallocene supported on a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane‐modified silica with high catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization
Authors: Bianchini Daniela , Galland Griselda Barrera , dos Santos João Henrique Z. , Williams Roberto J. J. , Fasce Diana P. , Dell'Erba Ignacio E. , Quijada Raul , Perez Mónica 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) consisting of a mixture of perfect and imperfect polyhedra with 8–10 Si atoms bonded to bulky and branched organic groups functionalized with (β‐hydroxy)‐tertiary amines, was adsorbed on an activated silica from a toluene solution. POSS fixation was confirmed by measuring its concentration in the solutions resulting from filtering and repeatedly washing with toluene. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transformed (DRIFTS) spectra of the modified silica showed a decrease in the absorption of isolated SiOH groups. A POSS previously marked by reaction with an isocyanate was also used, and the presence of the carbonyl in the urethane group was recorded in the DRIFTS spectra of the modified silica, confirming the presence of adsorbed POSS. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to measure the amount of Si (2p) of POSS adsorbed on the SiO2 surface as a function of the POSS concentration in the toluene solution. A linear increase of adsorbed POSS as a function of its concentration in toluene was found, even after successive washings with toluene. A metallocene, (nBuCp)2ZrCl2, was then adsorbed on the POSS‐modified silica from a toluene solution, and the fixed Zr amount was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The activity of the resulting catalyst for ethylene polymerization in toluene, using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst, was determined in two different devices operating in the range of 1.6–7.0 bar. Under every experimental condition, POSS‐modification of the silica support led to an increase of about 50% in the activity of the resulting catalyst when compared to the use of the unmodified support. Reasons for the observed increase in activity are discussed. The molar mass distribution and crystallinity of the resulting polyethylenes was not affected by the POSS modification of the silica support. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5465–5476, 2005
Self‐efficacy, coping, and difficulties interacting with health care professionals among women living with breast cancer in rural communities
Authors: Collie K. , Wong P. , Tilston J. , Butler L. D. , Turner‐Cobb J. , Kreshka M. A. , Parsons R. , Graddy K. , Cheasty J. D. , Koopman C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study examined self‐efficacy, coping, and social support in relation to difficulties interacting with physicians and nurses among women living with breast cancer. One hundred women living in rural, mountainous communities of northeastern California were recruited, with 89 providing complete data for this study. All women completed a battery of questionnaires that included the CARES—Medical Interaction Subscale and measures of self‐efficacy, coping, satisfaction with social support, and demographic and medical characteristics. In a multiple regression analysis, difficulties interacting with medical professionals were found to be greater among women who were not married, who used more behavioral disengagement or less self‐distraction to cope with breast cancer, and who reported less self‐efficacy for affect regulation and for seeking and understanding medical information. Emotional venting and satisfaction with social support for dealing with cancer‐related stress were not, however, significantly related to difficulties in interacting with the medical team. This model accounted for an adjusted value of 42% of the variance. Further research is needed to identify possible causal relationships related to these findings and to determine what interventions might be warranted to improve medical interactions for women with breast cancer living in rural areas. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Being known’: patients' perspectives of the dynamics of human connection in cancer care
Authors: Thorne Sally E. , Kuo Margot , Armstrong Elizabeth‐Anne , McPherson Gladys , Harris Susan R. , Hislop T. Gregory 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn the context of a large study of effective and ineffective cancer care communications from the perspective of patients with cancer, the authors documented the pervasiveness of the desire for human connection. Analyzing accounts from 200 patients with diverse cancer experiences, they concluded that, while anonymity is generally antithetical to a comfortable cancer care encounter, there are wide variations in what it means to ‘be known’ in a meaningful way. In this discussion, a description of the dynamics of being known and not being known within the cancer care encounter is presented, and a range of variations considered. By illuminating the manner in which communication influences human connection within the cancer care context, the findings of this study challenge some current research directions and propose alternative conceptualizations that might better orient future inquiry to enhance practice. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing communication competency in the context of cancer: a critical interpretive analysis of provider training programs
Authors: Butler Lorna , Degner Lesley , Baile Walter , Landry M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe conducted a critical interpretive analysis of 47 studies from the Cochrane Review of the communications training literature to capture the empirical indicators used to judge provider communication competency and to describe how the indicators were characterized in the context of a cancer care system. Of the 47 studies reviewed, few showed any resemblance to recommendations from two international consensus conferences of experts in the communication research field. Some of the challenges in moving forward with cancer‐related communication skills involve deciding what we want people to learn, providing learning across various experiences, identifying learning models, and finding alternate ways of motivating people to learn. Once core competencies are clearly articulated, we can determine the best approaches for developing cancer‐specific training programs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The communication goals and needs of cancer patients: a review
Authors: Hack Thomas F. , Degner Lesley F. , Parker Patricia A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe aim of this review paper is to critique the empirical literature pertaining to the communication needs and goals of cancer patients, and to provide direction for research in this area. According to the conceptual framework of Feldman‐Stewart et al., patient–physician communication occurs for the fundamental purpose of addressing each participant's goal(s). This review is divided into two categories of goals: (a) optimal medical management of the cancer, and (b) optimal attention to the patient's psychosocial response to cancer. Optimal medical management includes discussions about disease status and the treatment plan, and the effectiveness of these discussions is frequently determined by assessing patient understanding, satisfaction, and well‐being. The literature suggests that cancer patients continue to have unmet communication needs, and communication outcomes are enhanced when physicians attend to the emotional needs of patients. Research gaps in communication research are highlighted, including the need for additional study of several external factors affecting the patient and provider. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual framework for patient–professional communication: an application to the cancer context
Authors: Feldman‐Stewart D. , Brundage M.D. , Tishelman C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe present a conceptual framework of one‐to‐one, in‐person communication that occurs between a health‐care professional and a patient. The framework is intended as a tool for organizing and summarizing relevant research but it can also help guide assessing the communication process and can help guide development of interventions to improve the process.The framework includes four key components, with a focus on elements that can be modified. The first component is the focus of the interaction: each participant's communication goals. The second component consists of the participants themselves, each with five key attributes that determine, in part, how they address their goals. The third component is the communication process: each person both conveys messages and receives messages, and the messages themselves can be verbal, non‐verbal, or silent. The communication process is iterative and extended in time with one act having an impact on following acts. Finally, the fourth component is the environment in which the communication occurs, both the immediate physical setting and the context beyond. Important aspects of the environment, identified as external factors, affect the communication process through their impact on the participants' attributes.The framework builds on classic communication frameworks to which it adds unique elements. Some of its unique aspects include the prominent role of the participants' goals and its distinct recognition that messages are conveyed through silence. The framework serves as a common conceptualization of factors important to successful communication for the remaining review papers in this series and for future studies of practitioner–patient communication. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient–professional communication research in cancer: an integrative review of research methods in the context of a conceptual framework
Authors: Carlson Linda E. , Feldman‐Stewart Deb , Tishelman Carol , Brundage Michael D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper uses the conceptual framework of Feldman‐Stewartet al. to organize and review the types of research methodologies used to investigate various aspects of patient‐health care professional communication in the context of cancer. Research methods employed are classified as either non‐experimental or experimental. Non‐experimental designs include naturalistic observational studies (e.g. participant observation, audio‐ or videotaping of interactions) and retrospective introspective descriptions (e.g. self‐report questionnaires, qualitative interview methods). Experimental designs often involve interventions aimed at improving communication, such as physician or patient training, and the use of technology to enhance communication (e.g. audiotapes, computers).Using the conceptualization of the communication framework description, we argue that the outcome measures used in these studies address either primary goals, enabling goals, or secondary communication outcomes. Outcomes that are related to primary goals of the communication exchange include assessing the level of understanding of information conveyed, aspects of decision making, planning around treatments, or general provision of care. Outcomes related to enabling goals focus on elements that affect the ability to achieve primary goals. Outcomes secondary to the communication do not relate directly to what the communication is attempting to achieve. We conclude by identifying priority areas for further research, such as identifying the goals of both participants, understanding how particular aspects of the communication process affect their ability to achieve their goals, and examining the external environment in which communication takes place. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.