bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Charge Delocalization on Manganese Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Wiedemaier Fabian , Hofer Christa , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHydrogen transfer reactions promoted by Mn(I)‐based catalysts are a recently emerged field of research. Herein, we demonstrate the crucial effect of charge delocalization on the catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation. Therefore, we synthesized pyridyl‐pyrazole ligands and a pyridyl‐pyridazinone ligand which exhibit resonance structures upon deprotonation with varying capability to transfer charge to the manganese center. The corresponding Mn(I) complexes were characterized and their activity as catalyst in transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone was determined using in‐situ IR techniques. Kinetic data and DFT calculations reveal that the ligands are deprotonated throughout the catalytic cycle and that the catalysts in which resonance structures point towards more negative charge at the metal center are also the more active ones. Thus, we deliver ample evidence that for effective hydrogen transfer the manganese catalyst requires a ligand with a deprotonable moiety allowing efficient delocalization to the metal while geometrical access of the acidic proton to the substrate is not essential. Our findings highlight the importance of an anionic hydrido intermediate, where mesomerism allows an effective charge transfer to the metal. This may support the ongoing development of new manganese‐based catalysts.
Synthesis of N‐Glycosylated Soluble Fas Ligand
Authors: Schmid Alanca , Bello Claudia , Becker Christian F. W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractControlled cell death is essential for the regulation of the immune system and plays a role in pathogen defense. It is often altered in pathogenic conditions such as cancer, viral infections and autoimmune diseases. The Fas receptor and its corresponding membrane‐bound ligand (FasL) are part of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway activated in these cases. A soluble form of FasL (sFasL), produced by ectodomain shedding, displays a diverse but still elusive set of non‐apoptotic functions and sometimes even serves as a pro‐survival factor. To gather more knowledge about the characteristics of this protein and the impact N‐glycosylations may have, access to homogeneous posttranslationally modified variants of sFasL is needed. Therefore, we developed a flexible strategy to obtain such homogeneously N‐glycosylated variants of sFasL by applying chemical protein synthesis. This strategy can be flexibly combined with enzymatic methods to introduce more complex, site selective glycosylations.
Evaluation of Sort Recovery via Rmax
Authors: Perez‐Gonzalez Alexis , Lopes Telma , Martinez Lola , Bispo Claudia , Gardner Rui , Riddell Andy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCell sorting performance can be evaluated in regard to the purity and recovery of the sorted fractions. The purity provides checks on sample quality, acquisition settings, gating strategy, and the sort decisions made by the instrument, but alone it is not sufficient to evaluate sorting performance. Recovery, defined here as the number of target particles sorted relative to the number of original target particles to be sorted, is a key metric of sort fitness and performance but is often neglected due to difficulties in its measurement. Both purity and recovery require re‐sampling of the sorted fraction, but unlike determining purity, calculating recovery calls for the absolute counting of particles in the sorted fraction that comes with large errors, and may not be feasible for rare populations or precious samples.Here, we describe a recently developed metric and method for calculating sort recovery called Rmax, representing the maximum expected recovery for a particular set of instrument settings. Rmax calculation avoids re‐sampling of the total sorted fraction and absolute counting, being instead based on the ratios of target and non‐target populations in the original pre‐sort sample and in the waste stream or center stream catch. The Rmax method is ideal to evaluate and troubleshoot the optimum drop‐charge delay of the sorter or any instrument‐related failures that will affect sort performance. It can be used as a daily quality control check but can be particularly useful to assess instrument fitness before single‐cell or rare population sorts. Because the sorted fraction is not perturbed, we can calculate Rmax during the sort run. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Evaluating sorter setup with RmaxBasic Protocol 2: Finding the maximum Rmax: scanning over the drop charge delayAlternate Protocol: Finding the maximum Rmax for cells: scanning over the drop charge delayBasic Protocol 3: Estimating sorted cell number with Rmax
Absence of new psychoactive substances in wastewater from South Wales, UK, revealed by optimised liquid chromatography‐time‐of‐flight analysis
Authors: Davies Bethan , Paul Richard , Osselton David , Evers Richard , Woolley Timothy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNew psychoactive substances are produced and marketed to mimic the effects of their illicit counterparts and to attempt to evade drug tests and prosecution. Here, we present the optimisation, validation and application of an analytical method using liquid chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to detect and quantify 37 new psychoactive substances and illicit substances in wastewater from South Wales, UK, using a targeted analysis method. Sample preparation was performed using solid‐phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges. The LC separation was performed using a YMC‐Triart Phenyl 450 bar column (12 nm, 5 μm, 100 × 3 mm) which provided good separation and resolution for all targeted analytes with a run time of 9 min. The method was validated using the following parameters: sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and matrix effects. The method was then applied to influent wastewater samples collected from two wastewater treatment plants in Wales, UK.
Spatiotemporal variability of evapotranspiration in Alpine grasslands and its biotic and abiotic drivers
Authors: Ambrosi Lisa , Berger Vanessa , Rainer Georg , Obojes Nikolaus , Tappeiner Ulrike , Tasser Erich , Leitinger Georg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo gain a deeper understanding of the water balances of Alpine grassland ecosystems, it is crucial to know the abiotic and biotic drivers of evapotranspiration. The abiotic drivers are very heterogeneous in mountain regions because elevation, slope and aspect control incoming Rs, and atmospheric layering affect air temperature, humidity and wind distribution. In a study with 24 lysimeter plots distributed over a study area of approx. 300 km2in the Eastern Alps, we covered a wide range of topographic conditions. We investigated the effects of abiotic drivers on evapotranspiration by measuring evaporation from a free‐water body (Ew). For the biological modulation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), we analysed two different grassland types (at peak biomass and at low biomass) and calculated the respective crop coefficients (Kc). Results showed that primarily physical drivers such as the accumulated solar radiation from sunrise to measurement (Rs_acc), followed by atmospheric pressure (P), wind speed (u) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) influence both Ewand ETc. Moreover, ETcis also significantly influenced by standing biomass and the grassland type (i.e., resource use strategies of the vegetation types) and by the geographic location along the valley (i.e., entrance, middle and head of the valley). We suppose plant stress and/or ground winds to be the underlying factor for the significance of the geographic location, yet further research is needed. The current study helps towards a better understanding of the water balance in alpine grassland ecosystems, but we also show that some spatial drivers cannot yet be adequately addressed.
Evaluating immaturity risk in young stands of the serotinous knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata)
Authors: Marlin Katherine F. , Greene David F. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Reilly Matthew , Madurapperuma Buddhika D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs wildfire becomes increasingly frequent, many serotinous plant populations risk local extirpation if fire recurs prior to sufficient seed accumulation in the canopy (i.e., “immaturity risk”). Following two 2018 wildfires in northwestern California, we studied seed viability, cone production, and postfire regeneration of a serotinous conifer, knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata), with stand ages (time since fire) ranging from 6 to 79 years. Cone density per tree was more strongly associated with tree diameter than age, and cone density was positively related to postfire seedling regeneration. Most of the postfire knobcone pine regeneration established during the first year with high survivorship in the following first postfire year. Adjusting for survivorship, the estimated minimum age for knobcone pine to promote self‐replacement (one recruit per tree) was 9.5 years (or 4.6‐cm dbh) and the probability of reburning at the modern fire rotation of 43 years was 19.8%. Based on our results, we found that immaturity risk was currently low for knobcone pine. Our approach provides a quantitative method to assess immaturity risk in knobcone pine and other serotinous conifer species that can be used to evaluate future risk under rapidly changing climate and fire conditions.
Exploitation of carbon surface functionality toward additive‐free formation of gold nanocuboids suitable for sensitive assay of N‐acetylcysteine in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Murphy Eoghain , Guin Saurav K. , Lapiy Alexandra , Camisasca Adalberto , Giordani Silvia , Dempsey Eithne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemical additive and physical template‐free electrochemical methods to prepare carbon‐supported nanostructures of catalyst metals represent an emerging technology. Formation of the metal nano/microstructures depends not only on the electrochemical method/parameters but also on the nature of the underlying carbon material. Here, we present a comparative evolution of unevenly distributed coral‐like aggregates of nanocuboid‐shaped gold nanostructures (AuNCBs) on the oxidised form of boron, nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoonions (oxi‐B,N‐CNO) compared to evenly distributed bud‐like aggregates of cubic shaped gold nanostructures on bare glassy carbon electrode under a similar electrochemical approach. The synthesis method provided the best availability of the surface active sites, whereas the shape of the structures showed a direct influence of both outer‐sphere and inner‐sphere electron transfer reactions. The higher sensitivity of AuNCBs@oxi‐B,N‐CNO compared to individual components and bare carbon/gold electrodes toward the inner‐sphere oxidative reaction of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) was exploited in order to develop an electrochemical assay method with sensitivity and linear dynamic range of (4.70 ± 0.25) × 10−4 C∙cm−2∙mM−1 and 0.2–2.5 mM, respectively in acetate buffer (pH 4.45). Furthermore, the sensor design was deployed in the quantitation of NAC in pharmaceutical preparations, resulting in 89%–106% recovery.
Transient demyelination causes long‐term cognitive impairment, myelin alteration and network synchrony defects
Authors: Mercier Océane , Quilichini Pascale P. , Magalon Karine , Gil Florian , Ghestem Antoine , Richard Fabrice , Boudier Thomas , Cayre Myriam , Durbec Pascale 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the adult brain, activity‐dependent myelin plasticity is required for proper learning and memory consolidation. Myelin loss, alteration, or even subtle structural modifications can therefore compromise the network activity, leading to functional impairment. In multiple sclerosis, spontaneous myelin repair process is possible, but it is heterogeneous among patients, sometimes leading to functional recovery, often more visible at the motor level than at the cognitive level. In cuprizone‐treated mouse model, massive brain demyelination is followed by spontaneous and robust remyelination. However, reformed myelin, although functional, may not exhibit the same morphological characteristics as developmental myelin, which can have an impact on the activity of neural networks. In this context, we used the cuprizone‐treated mouse model to analyze the structural, functional, and cognitive long‐term effects of transient demyelination. Our results show that an episode of demyelination induces despite remyelination long‐term cognitive impairment, such as deficits in spatial working memory, social memory, cognitive flexibility, and hyperactivity. These deficits were associated with a reduction in myelin content in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC), as well as structural myelin modifications, suggesting that the remyelination process may be imperfect in these structures. In vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that the demyelination episode altered the synchronization of HPC‐mPFC activity, which is crucial for memory processes. Altogether, our data indicate that the myelin repair process following transient demyelination does not allow the complete recovery of the initial myelin properties in cortical structures. These subtle modifications alter network features, leading to prolonged cognitive deficits in mice.
Induction of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase confers cell density‐dependent ferroptosis resistance in melanoma
Authors: Shirahama Hitomi , Tani Yuri , Tsukahara Satomi , Okamoto Yuka , Hasebe Akiko , Noda Tomomiki , Ando Shuji , Ushijima Masaru , Matsuura Masaaki , Tomida Akihiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is induced by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which eliminates lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis induction is influenced by the cell environment. However, the cellular states altering ferroptosis susceptibility remain largely unknown. We found that melanoma cell lines became resistant to ferroptosis as cell density increased. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that cell density‐dependent ferroptosis resistance was coupled with a shift toward a lipogenic phenotype accompanied by strong induction of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD). Database analysis of gene dependency across hundreds of cancer cell lines uncovered a negative correlation between GPX4 and SCD dependency. Importantly, SCD inhibition, either pharmacologically or through genetic knockout, sensitized melanoma cells to GPX4 inhibition, thereby attenuating ferroptosis resistance in cells at high density. Our findings indicate that transition to an SCD‐inducing, lipogenic cell state produces density‐dependent resistance to ferroptosis, which may provide a therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
Chemical Recycling and Physical Tuning of Necklace‐Shaped Polydimethylsiloxanes Bearing Anthracene Dimer Units
Authors: Mori Atsuro , Pathak Agamoni , Watanabe Satoshi , Kunitake Masashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe problem of plastic waste in the environment calls for the development of new polymeric materials designed specifically for easy recycling at the end of their life cycle. Herein, a green polymer system comprising a series of necklace‐shaped polydimethylsiloxanes bearing anthracene dimer units is developed. The polymers have low environmental impact and are easily recycled. Further, their flexibility and glass transition temperatures are easy to control. These necklace‐shaped inorganic polymers are synthesized by photopolymerizing (dimerizing) anthracene‐terminated oligo‐dimethylsiloxane monomers. A key achievement of the present work is the successful chemical recovery of the monomers from the polymers through thermal depolymerization, enabling monomer–polymer recycling. By applying equilibrium polymerization with base catalysts, monomers with a controlled distributed chain length are synthesized from monomers with a constant chain length. The necklace‐shaped polymers synthesized from these randomized monomers have amorphous structures and readily form transparent films. It is possible to modulate the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymers by controlling the average chain length of the polydimethylsiloxane between the anthracene dimers. This investigation presents a method for the synthesis and cyclic utilization of polymer materials with a wide range of applications, including plastics and elastomers.
Substantial innovation or strategic innovation: An evolutionary game analysis of companies' green technology innovation strategies under carbon emission trading market
Authors: Cui Beiqing , Chun Weide , Shui Zhonghao , Lei Tianyi , Li Zhihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough both the carbon emission trading market (CETM) and government regulatory actions promote companies' green technology innovation (GTI), little research has considered whether such innovation is substantial. In this paper, we categorize companies' GTI strategies into substantial innovation and strategic innovation. Considering market powers, the heterogeneity of companies, and the mutual influence of governments and companies, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model that involves large and small companies and the government and conduct a simulation utilizing data on China's CETM. Our findings reveal that carbon trading prices, innovation subsidies, and the government's verification mechanism are the main factors that affect companies' choices regarding substantial innovation. However, the current carbon trading prices in China are relatively low, and companies are still likely to choose strategic innovation. Moreover, we find that when the substantial innovation of large companies exerts a greater impact on the product revenues of small companies, small companies are more inclined to choose substantial innovation. Therefore, in an effort to induce companies to choose substantial innovation, the CETM should play the leading role in this situation, and the government should implement different innovation subsidies and improve the verification mechanism.
Functional and morphological evaluation of the trapezius muscle after spinal accessory nerve transfer to brachial plexus nerves
Authors: Simão Danielle Tiemi , Heise Carlos O. , Rodrigues João C. , Yamauti Lucas S. , Villegas Robin I. , Cho Alvaro B. , Mattar Junior Rames 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe main innervation of the trapezius muscle is provided by the spinal accessory nerve. Several studies describe the contributions of cervical plexus roots to the trapezius muscle innervation, either directly or through connections with the spinal accessory nerve. There is no adequate understanding of how the trapezius muscle is affected after using the spinal accessory nerve in nerve transfer procedures with the usual technique, preserving at least 1 branch for the upper trapezius.MethodsWe evaluated 20 patients with sequelae of traumatic brachial plexus injury who underwent surgical procedures for brachial plexus repair or free muscle transfer, which included the spinal accessory nerve transfer technique and were followed for a minimum of 1 year. The three portions trapezius muscle were evaluated by physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (analysis of fatty degeneration) and electromyography.ResultsIn all evaluation methods, the middle and lower portions of the trapezius muscle showed more significant morphological and/or functional impairment than the upper portion, in most cases. There was a statistically significant difference in all the complementary exams results, between the affected side (with sacrifice of the nerve) versus the normal side, in the middle and lower portions of the trapezius muscle.ConclusionsPhysical examination alone is not sufficient to determine the residual functionality of the trapezius muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography are useful tools to assess both morphological involvement of the trapezius muscle and nerve conduction impairment of the trapezius muscle, respectively. The results suggest that the middle and lower portions of the trapezius muscle are affected by previous SAN transfer and should be considered with caution for further muscle transfer procedures.
Psychometrics of rating scales for externalizing disorders in Japanese outpatients: The ADHD‐Rating Scale‐5 and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale
Authors: Ishibashi Saeko , Nishiyama Takeshi , Makino Takuya , Suzuki Futoshi , Shimada Shoko , Tomari Shinji , Imanari Eiji , Higashi Takuma , Fukumoto Shintaro , Kurata Sawa , Mizuno Yoshifumi , Morimoto Takeshi , Nakamichi Hidetaka , Iida Tomoko , Ohashi Kei , Yamada Atsurou , Kimura Takuma , Kuru Yukiko , Sumi Satoshi , Tanaka Yasuo , Ono Kazuya , Ichikawa Hironobu , DuPaul George J. , Kosaka Hirotaka 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study validated the Japanese version of the Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder‐Rating Scale‐5 (ADHD‐RS‐5) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. We extended the ADHD‐RS‐5 by adding the oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder subscales to compare the two rating scales psychometrically.MethodsWe examined the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the two rating scales in 135 Japanese outpatients aged 6–18 years.ResultsThe internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were good for all the subscales of the two rating scales except for the conduct disorder subscale of the ADHD‐RS‐5 extended. Good construct validity was revealed by expected correlational patterns between subscales from the two rating scales and the Children Behavior Checklist. The criterion validity was good for all the subscales of the two rating scales rated by parents, while teacher‐ratings revealed substantially lower predictive ability for all the subscales. Agreement between parent‐ and teacher‐ratings of the two rating scales was generally moderate and using predictive ratings alone of both ratings showed the best predictive ability among the integration methods examined.ConclusionThe two rating scales have sound psychometric properties and will aid in screening and severity assessment of externalizing disorders in Japanese clinical settings.
Addressing the challenge of wildlife conservation in urban landscapes by increasing human tolerance for wildlife
Authors: Puri Mahi , Johannsen Kristina L. , Goode Kaitlin O. , Pienaar Elizabeth F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Urbanization is a key driver of global environmental change and is adversely impacting wildlife populations. Human tolerance for wildlife is critical to wildlife conservation in urban areas.

Using metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, United States, as a case study, we investigated human tolerance for a range of different wildlife species. Almost half of the human–wildlife interactions that are reported to the state wildlife agency originate from metropolitan Atlanta, which is one of the fastest growing metropolises in the United States.

We surveyed a representative sample of 1006 residents of metropolitan Atlanta in 2022. We found heterogeneity in respondents' tolerance for various species, although most respondents were intolerant of bobcats, coyotes, opossums and snakes. Respondents' tolerance for different species largely depended on their attitudes and emotions towards species, and their basic beliefs pertaining to wildlife and the relationships between humans and wildlife. We found some evidence that tolerance also depended on people's prior interactions with wildlife, their beliefs that they can mitigate conflicts with wildlife and their demographic characteristics.

Our results suggest that communication that improves urban residents' attitudes towards wildlife and/or reinforces positive emotions towards wildlife may increase wildlife tolerance in urban areas.

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