bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the minimal phototoxic dose after 8‐methoxypsoralen baths correlate with the individual’s skin phototype?
Authors: Schiener Ralf , Behrens‐Williams Stefanie C. , Pillekamp Hans , Peter Ralf Uwe , Kerscher Martina 
Published: March 2003

Background/Aims: Up to now no data have been available concerning whether there is a significant correlation between skin phototypes and the minimum phototoxic dose (MPD) after bath water delivery of 8‐MOP.Methods: The skin phototype of each of 46 patients was determined based on the individual past history of solar‐induced burning and tanning. In addition, the MPD of each patient was assesed after photosensitization with a warm water bath (37 °C, 98.6 °F) containing 1.0 mg/l 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP). Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann‐Whitney U‐test and Spearman rank order correlation.Results: The median MPD in patients with skin phototype II was 2.0 J/cm2 (range ≤0.5 to ≥3.5) versus 1.5 J/cm2 (range 1.0 to ≥3.5) in patients with skin phototype III. There was a considerable overlap between both groups. No significant difference was detected comparing both groups (P=0.7326) and Spearman rank order correlation revealed no correlation between skin phototype and MPD.Conclusion: Erythemal sensitivity in PUVA bath therapy, measured as MPD, is not correlated with sun‐reactive skin phototype in skin types II and III. Thus skin phototype is not a suitable indicator for the initial UVA dose in PUVA bath photochemotherapy.
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy – the Columbia Presbyterian experience
Authors: Knobler Elizabeth , Warmuth Ingrid , Cocco Carolyn , Miller Barbara , Mackay Julian 
Published: March 2003

Background:Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) is a lymphoma of skin homing usually CD4  +  lymphocytes. There are numerous treatments available both for the early as well as the more advanced stages of the disease. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy is a well‐accepted form of treating CTCL. The purpose of our study was to review the experience of treating 20 CTCL patients with extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center over a seven‐year period.Methods:The study was conducted as a retrospective chart review of these 20 patients. Summarized demographic characteristics included age at diagnosis, gender, and race. We analyzed the overall response by categorizing patients as having complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease. We also analysed the predictive value for three factors: peripheral blood CD4 : CD8 (< 10, > 10), LDH level (normal, elevated), and erythrodermic status (erythrodermic or nonerythrodermic). The potential prognostic variables were evaluated for linear association with response using Mantel‐Haenszel chi‐square tests. All statistical tests were two‐sided with alpha = 0.05. The tests were considered to be exploratory and no adjustments for multiple testing were made.Results:There was a significant linear association between response and CD4 : CD8. Patients with a ratio< 10 were more likely to respond than patients with a ratio> 10. There was a marginally significant linear association between response and LDH level. Patients whose LDH was not elevated at the start of treatment, tended to have a better response to ECP compared to patients with an elevated LDH. There was a suggestion of an association between erythroderma and response although this was not statistically significant. The majority of patients with erythroderma were responders compared to the majority of non‐erythrodermic patients who were non‐responders. The treatment was well tolerated with minimal side‐effects.Conclusion:Apparent predictors of good response to ECP include erythroderma, a relatively low (closer to normal) peripheral CD4 : CD8, and a normal LDH. This report confirms reports from other institutions indicating that CTCL patients who are erythrodermic with a relatively intact immune system are optimal candidates for ECP.
The effects of prior light history on the suppression of melatonin by light in humans
Authors: Hébert Marc , Martin Stacia K. , Lee Clara , Eastman Charmane I. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: We investigated the impact of light exposure history on light sensitivity in humans, as assessed by the magnitude of the suppression of melatonin secretion by nocturnal light. The hypothesis was that following a week of increased daytime bright‐light exposure, subjects would become less sensitive to light, and that after a week of restriction to dimmer light they would become more sensitive. During the bright week, subjects (n = 12) obtained 4.3 ± 0.4 hr of bright light per day (by going outside and using light boxes indoors). During the dim week, they wore dark goggles (about 2% light transmission) when outside during daylight and spent 1.4 ± 0.9 hr per day outside. Saliva samples were obtained every 30 min for 7 hr in dim light (<15 lux) on two consecutive nights (baseline and test night) at the end of each week. On the test night, 500 lux was presented for 3 hr in the middle of the collection period to suppress melatonin. There was significantly more suppression after the dim week compared with after the bright week (to 53 versus 41% of the baseline night values, P < 0.05). However, there were large individual differences, and the difference between the bright and dim weeks was most pronounced in seven of the 12 subjects. Possible reasons for these individual differences are discussed, including the possibility that 1 wk was not long enough to change light sensitivity in some subjects. In conclusion, this study suggests that the circadian system's sensitivity to light can be affected by a recent change in light history.
Melatonin and its derivatives cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin, N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine and 6‐methoxymelatonin reduce oxidative DNA damage induced by Fenton reagents
Authors: López‐Burillo Silvia , Tan Dun‐Xian , Rodriguez‐Gallego Vergelina , Manchester Lucien C. , Mayo Juan Carlos , Sainz Rosa Maria , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:  Free radicals are generated in vivo and they oxidatively damage DNA because of their high reactivities. In the last several years, hundreds of publications have confirmed that melatonin is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger. Some of the metabolites produced as a result of these scavenging actions have been identified using pure chemical systems. This is the case with both N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK), identified as a product of the scavenging reaction of H2O2 by melatonin, and cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin (C‐3‐OHM) which results when melatonin detoxifies two hydroxyl radicals (ḃOH). In the present in vitro study, we investigated the potential of two different derivatives of melatonin to scavenger free radicals. One of these derivatives is C‐3‐OHM, while the other is 6‐methoxymelatonin (6‐MthM). We also examined the effect of two solvents, i.e., methanol and acetonitrile, in this model system. As an endpoint, using high‐performance liquid chromatography we measured the formation of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OH‐dG) in purified calf thymus DNA treated with the Fenton reagents, chromium(III) [Cr(III)] plus H2O2, in the presence and in the absence of these molecules. The 8‐OH‐dG is considered a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. Increasing concentrations of Cr(III) (as CrCl3) and H2O2 was earlier found to induce progressively greater levels of 8‐OH‐dG in isolated calf thymus DNA because of the generation of ḃOH via the Fenton‐type reaction. We found that C‐3‐OHM reduces ḃOH‐mediated damage in a dose‐dependent manner, with an IC50 = 5.0 ± 0.2 μm; melatonin has an IC50 = 3.6 ± 0.1 μm. These values differ statistically significantly with P < 0.05. In these studies, AFMK had an IC50 = 17.8 ± 0.7 μm (P < 0.01). The 6‐MthM also reduced DNA damage in a dose‐dependent manner, with an IC50 = 4.2 ± 0.2 μm; this value does not differ from the ICs for melatonin and C‐3‐OHM. We propose a hypothetical reaction pathway in which a mole of C‐3‐OHM scavenges 2 mol of ḃOH yielding AFMK as a final product. As AFMK is also a free radical scavenger, the action of melatonin as a free radical scavenger is a sequence of scavenging reactions in which the products are themselves scavengers, resulting in a cascade of protective reactions.
Characterisation of gravity‐induced facial skin oedema using biophysical measurement techniques
Authors: Diridollou S. , Traon A. Pavy‐Le , Maillet A. , Bellossi F. , Black D. , Patat F. , Lagarde J. M. , Berson M. , Gall Y. 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: In humans, the microgravity environment can be expected to induce swelling of facial tissues and shrinking of the tissues in the lower limbs, together with a loss in body weight. To evaluate fluid shifts in skin, the head‐down bed‐rest model was used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the appearance of facial oedema in subjects undergoing anti‐orthostatic bed‐rest at an angle of −10°.Methods: The forehead of each of four subjects was measured before and after 1, 10 and 24 h in this head‐down tilt position. At these time points, interstitial fluid migration and facial oedema were assessed using a high resolution B‐scan ultrasound and a device for measuring the skin's mechanical properties.Results: The results obtained showed a progressive increase in dermal thickness and initial stress, and a reduction in stiffness and elasticity of the skin during the study period.Conclusions: This preliminary study has demonstrated the feasability of the method in measuring fluid displacement and retention in the skin. Furthermore, it highlights the influence of fluids on the mechanical behaviour of the skin. These techniques could be used for studying the redistribution of liquid masses during periods spent in space.
Development of a digital imaging system for objective measurement of hyperpigmented spots on the face
Authors: Miyamoto Kukizo , Takiwaki Hirotsugu , Hillebrand Greg G. , Arase Seiji 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: There are few available methods that can be used to quantify hyperpigmented spots on a wide area of the face. The objective of this study was to develop such a method through the use of specialized image analysis technologies.Methods: This imaging system was composed of a source of illumination whose light intensity was controlled with a dimmer, a 3‐CCD video camera connected to a computer, and a positioning device used to correctly align the subject's face. This system was calibrated by adjusting the light intensity, the camera position, and white balance of the camera in order to acquire reproducible images. Using a specific algorithm for the image analysis, this system enabled us to measure both the total area of hyperpigmented spots (mm2) and the averaged skin colour tone (quasi L*a*b*) excluding the area of those hyperpigmented spots in a wide area of the face. The accuracy and reproducibility of the system was validated using a mannequin head with six standard colour chips obtained from the GretagMacbeth ColorChecker®, and brown‐coloured patches that simulated hyperpigmented spots whose colour and area were both known. The correlation between CIE L*a*b* and quasi L*a*b* values was examined by conducting simultaneous measurements of the facial skin colour of 187 subjects with a tristimulus colourimeter (Minolta Chromameter) and our imaging system.Results: The measurement errors in quasi L*a*b* values of colour chips and the area of brown patches were less than 2 and 5%, respectively, unless these chips or patches were located in the peripheral zone of the mannequin head. The variation in quasi L*a*b* values and the area of hyperpigmented spots (mm2) in five repeated measurements performed once every hour was less than 2%. There was an excellent correlation between the CIE L*a*b* and quasi L*a*b* values, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient between CIE L* and quasi L* value, for instance, was 0.908.Conclusions: As long as the region to be evaluated is limited to the cheek and periorbital areas, this system enables automatic detection of hyperpigmented spots in a wide area of the face, as well as the correct measurement of those areas and determination of skin colours.
The character of eyelashes and the choice of mascara in Korean women
Authors: Kwak Taek‐jong , Lee Sang‐min , Cho Wan‐gu 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims Skin care products based on the skin type and sensitivity have been successfully appealed in cosmetics market, but there has been few researches related with the character of customer in the field of make‐up product including mascara. The aim of this study is to analyse and classify the eyelashes of Korean women objectively and to find out the relationship between individual eyelash character and expecting mascara‐effect.Methods For 50 Korean women in their twenties to thirties, 12 parameters related to shape of eyelashes were investigated using image analysis system with digital camera. The experimental data were compared with the subjects' perception and questionnaire to determine the tendency of mascara was performed on same panels. Subjects were classified and the relation between the shape of eyelashes and need for mascara was investigated by statistical procedure.Results Average length of centre section (ALCS), covering ratio (CR) and curl‐up angle (CA) were the numerical parameters that can represent the length, thickness and curling of subjects' eyelashes, respectively. Subjects were classified into 6 clusters (I∼VI) by the similarity of above three parameters using cluster analysis method. Cluster I∼III were characterized as the short and thin eyelashes with a preference for long‐lash effect and complaint about staining of lower‐eyelid in the use of mascara. Cluster IV∼VI had the long and thick eyelashes with preference for volume‐up effect of mascara and complaint about cleaving of eyelashes. Subjects had five sorts of preference patterns about mascara‐effects and those patterns were highly related with the shape of their eyelashes.Conclusion Image analysis system and statistical procedure were the useful methods in characterizing the shape of eyelash and finding the objective criteria for classification of eyelashes. Because shape of eyelash turned out to be one of the most important factors that can influence the need and complaint of subjects about mascara in this study, the consideration of shape of eyelashes is recommended in the development of mascara which can satisfy the customers' demand.
Periodontal disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Schiødt M , Christensen LB , Petersen PE , Thorn JJ 
Published: March 2003

Occurrence of periodontal disease in Sjögrens's syndrome (SS) is still controversial.OBJECTIVE: To examine if the risk of gingival and periodontal conditions was increased in SS compared to the general population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty‐seven patients (4 men, 53 women) with primary Sjögren's syndrome (Copenhagen criteria) and an age‐matched representative sample of the general population of 80 controls (all women) were examined for gingival and periodontal disease.RESULTS: Gingival bleeding and supra‐gingival calculus did not differ among SS patients and controls. Subgingival calculus occurred more often among the younger SS patients than controls, but did not differ among the older SS patients and controls. Periodontal pockets of 4–5 mm as well as pockets >5 mm occurred with similar prevalences among the two groups. Smoking habits did not influence the results. The health status of the gingival and periodontal tissues were thus similar in SS and controls.CONCLUSION: Primary SS is not associated with increased risk of periodontal disease.
HIV‐related oral disease epidemiology among women: year 2000 update
Authors: Shiboski CH 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVES: The goals of this literature review were to (1) update a prior review [Shiboski CH (1997) The epidemiology of HIV‐related oral manifestations in women: a review. Oral Dis 3: S18–S27] of studies on the epidemiology of HIV‐related oral manifestations in women prior to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); (2) explore the effect of HAART on HIV‐related oral disease among women; and (3) explore future research directions with respect to HIV‐related oral disease epidemiology among African women.METHODS: A computer‐assisted search was conducted to identify studies on the prevalence of oral conditions in HIV‐infected women in relation to immunological markers and HAART [excluding studies reviewed in Shiboski CH (1997) The epidemiology of HIV‐related oral manifestations in women: a review. Oral Dis 3: S18–S27]. Results were summarized and discussed for (1) studies conducted in the developed world prior to and during the era of HAART; and (2) studies conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa.RESULTS: Candidiasis (OC) is the most common oral lesion among HIV‐infected women, and has been found to be associated with a low CD4 count and a high plasma viral load. Preliminary findings suggest that HAART is associated with a decreasing OC incidence. The few studies identified on HIV‐related oral disease in African women suggest that OC is also a common condition in this setting.CONCLUSION: Future oral epidemiology research efforts in Africa should focus on the potential role of OC as sentinel marker of HIV infection and disease progression, to improve detection and prevention of selected opportunistic illnesses.
Sialochemistry in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Walton AG , Welbury RR , Foster HE , Wright WG , Thomason JM 
Published: March 2003

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there are any differences in salivary flow rates and saliva composition that may contribute to the reported increase in caries prevalence in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.SETTING: The sialochemistry of children with JIA has rarely been investigated.METHODS: Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva was collected from 17 randomly selected JIA patients and 17 age and sex matched controls. Both samples were analysed for salivary flow rate, pH, calcium and phosphate.RESULTS: Unstimulated and stimulated JIA saliva flow rates, and the flow rate change from unstimulated to stimulated in JIA saliva were all significantly lower than the controls. There were no significant differences in the pH of unstimulated and stimulated JIA saliva compared with the controls, however, the change in pH (from unstimulated to stimulated) in the study group was significantly greater. The JIA patients had non‐significantly lower levels of both calcium and phosphate ions in the unstimulated and stimulated samples.CONCLUSIONS: This data would suggest that there is both a reduced resting salivary flow and a reduced response to stimulation in JIA patients, which may contribute to a previously reported higher caries prevalence.
Fos Immunoreactivity in the Diagonal Band and the Perinuclear Zone of the Supraoptic Nucleus after Hypertension and Hypervolaemia in Unanaesthetized Rats
Authors: Cunningham J. T. , Grindstaff R. J. , Grindstaff R. R. , Sullivan M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe used Fos immunocytochemistry to study the effects of hypertension and hypervolaemia on neurones in the diagonal band of Broca and the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus, two nuclei that are both involved in the baroreceptor regulation of vasopressin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus. In addition, we used sino‐aortic denervation to examine the role of arterial baroreceptors in the response to these haemodynamic changes. Sham‐operated and sino‐aortic denervated rats were infused with phenylephrine sufficient to increase blood pressure for 2 h. Control rats were infused with the same volume of isontonic saline. Only Sham sino‐aortic denervated rats showed reflex bradycardia in response to the increased blood pressure. Volume expansion was produced by infusing the rats with isotonic saline equal to 10% of their body weight for 10 min, which significantly increased central venous pressure. In the diagonal band of Broca and the perinuclear zone, the number of Fos‐positive neurones was significantly increased after phenylephrine infusion. Sino‐aortic denervation blocked the significant increase in both regions. After volume expansion, a significant increase in Fos staining was observed only in the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus. This increase was not blocked by sino‐aortic denervation. Our results indicate that both the diagonal band of Broca and the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus are activated by stimulating arterial baroreceptors; however, the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus is stimulated during volume expansion. Furthermore, the activation of perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus after volume expansion is not dependent on intact arterial baroreceptors.
Glial–Neuronal–Endothelial Interactions are Involved in the Control of GnRH Secretion
Authors: Prevot Vincent 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn recent years compelling evidence has been provided that cell–cell interactions involving non‐neuronal cells, such as glial and endothelial cells, are important in regulating the secretion of GnRH, the neuropeptide that controls both sexual development and adult reproductive function. Modification of the anatomical relationship that exist between GnRH nerve endings and glial cell processes in the external zone of the median eminence modulates the access of GnRH nerve terminals to the portal vasculature during the oestrous cycle. The establishment of direct neuro‐haemal junctions between GnRH neuroendocrine terminals and the portal vasculature on the day of pro‐oestrus may be critical for the transfer of GnRH upon its release into the fenestrated capillaries of the median eminence. Notwithstanding the importance of these plastic rearrangements, glial and endothelial cells also regulate GnRH neuronal function via specific cell–cell signalling molecules. While endothelial cells of the median eminence use nitric oxide to effect this regulatory control, astrocytes employ several growth factors, and in particular those of the EGF family and their erbB receptors to facilitate GnRH release during sexual development. Loss of function of each of these erbB receptors involved in the astroglial control of GnRH secretion leads to delayed sexual development. It is clear that regulation of GnRH secretion by cell–cell communication mechanisms other than transsynaptic inputs is an important component of the central neuroendocrine process controlling mammalian reproduction.