bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Band Gap Semiconductors with Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Triel‐Phosphide Frameworks (Triel=Al, Ga, In)
Authors: Restle Tassilo M. F. , Zeitz Sabine , Stanley Philip M. , Karttunen Antti J. , Meyer Jan , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecently, several ternary phosphidotrielates and ‐tetrelates have been investigated with respect to their very good ionic conductivity, while less focus was pointed towards their electronic structures. Here, we report on a novel series of compounds, in which several members possess direct band gaps. We investigated the known compounds Li3AlP2, Li3GaP2, Li3InP2, and Na3InP2 and describe the synthesis and the crystal structure of novel Na3In2P3. For all mentioned phosphidotrielates reflectance UV‐Vis measurements reveal direct band gaps in the visible light region with decreasing band gaps in the series: Li3AlP2 (2.45 eV), Li3GaP2 (2.18 eV), Li3InP2 (1.99 eV), Na3InP2 (1.37 eV), and Na3In2P3 (1.27 eV). All direct band gaps are confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The unexpected property occurs despite different structure types. As a common feature all compounds contain EP4 tetrahedra, which share exclusively vertices for E=In and vertices as well as edges for E=Al and Ga. The structure of the novel Na3In2P3 is built up by a polyanionic framework of six‐membered rings of corner‐sharing InP4 tetrahedra. As a result, the newly designed semiconductors with direct band gaps are suitable for optoelectronic applications, and they can provide significant guidance for the design of new functional semiconductors.
Postradical prostatectomy prostate‐specific antigen outcomes after 6 versus 18 months of perioperative androgen‐deprivation therapy in men with localized, unfavorable intermediate‐risk or high‐risk prostate cancer: Results of part 2 of a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Xie Wanling , Yang Xiaoyu , Acosta Andres , Rathkopf Dana , Laudone Vincent P. , Bubley Glenn J. , Einstein David J. , Chang Peter , Wagner Andrew A. , Kane Christopher J. , Preston Mark A. , Kilbridge Kerry , Chang Steven L. , Choudhury Atish D. , Pomerantz Mark M. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Kibel Adam S. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with localized, unfavorable intermediate–risk and high‐risk prostate cancer have an increased risk of relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP). The authors previously reported on part 1 of this phase 2 trial testing neoadjuvant apalutamide, abiraterone, prednisone, plus leuprolide (AAPL) or abiraterone, prednisone, and leuprolide (APL) for 6 months followed by RP. The results demonstrated favorable pathologic responses (tumor <5 mm) in 20.3% of patients (n = 24 of 118). Herein, the authors report the results of part 2.MethodsFor part 2, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either AAPL for 12 months (arm 2A) or observation (arm 2B), stratified by neoadjuvant therapy and pathologic tumor classification. The primary end point was 3‐year biochemical progression‐free survival. Secondary end points included safety and testosterone recovery (>200 ng/dL).ResultsOverall, 82 of 118 patients (69%) enrolled in part 1 were randomized to part 2. A higher proportion of patients who were not randomized to adjuvant therapy had a favorable prostatectomy pathologic response (32.3% in nonrandomized patients compared with 17.1% in randomized patients). In the intent‐to‐treat analysis, the 3‐year biochemical progression‐free survival rate was 81% for arm 2A and 72% for arm 2B (hazard ratio, 0.81; 90% confidence interval, 0.43–1.49). Of the randomized patients, 81% had testosterone recovery in the AAPL group compared with 95% in the observation group, with a median time to recovery of <12 months in both arms.ConclusionsIn this study, because 30% of patients declined adjuvant treatment, part B was underpowered to detect differences between arms. Future perioperative studies should be biomarker‐directed and include strategies for investigator and patient engagement to ensure compliance with protocol procedures.
Fostering resilience in adolescence and young adulthood: Considerations for evidence‐based, patient‐centered oncology care
Authors: Salsman John M. , Rosenberg Abby R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAdolescence and young adulthood are times of growth and change. For adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who are diagnosed with cancer, the demands of illness may compound normal developmental challenges and adversely affect physical, emotional, and social health. Nevertheless, AYAs have a tremendous capacity for psychosocial adaptation and resilience. Informed by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, observational studies in AYA oncology suggest consistent individual, social, and existential resources that may promote resilience. To date, few interventions have been designed to examine whether resilience can be taught and whether doing so affects patient‐centered outcomes. Findings point to the potential value of multicomponent programs that include various skills‐building strategies, such as stress management, mindfulness, gratitude, and positive reappraisal coping, among others. New research directions include the need to evaluate delivery strategies to enhance participant adherence and retention (e.g., eHealth modalities, optimization studies) and to examine program effectiveness in community‐based oncology practices (e.g., less resource‐rich settings in which most AYAs receive care). Ultimately, this scholarship may inform, refine, and strengthen intervention science in resilience more broadly.
Neutrophil‐plasmacytoid dendritic cell interaction leads to production of type I IFN in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Angela M. , Laurent Paôline , Nathan Carl F. , Barrat Franck J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can cause a latent infection that sometimes progresses to clinically active tuberculosis (TB). Type I interferons (IFN‐I) have been implicated in initiating the progression from latency to active TB, in part because IFN‐I stimulated genes are the earliest genes to be upregulated in patients as they advance to active TB. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major producers of IFN‐I during viral infections and in response to autoimmune‐induced neutrophil extracellular traps. pDCs have also been suggested to be the major producers of IFN‐I during Mtb infection of mice and nonhuman primates, but direct evidence has been lacking. Here, we found that Mtb did not stimulate isolated human pDCs to produce IFN‐I, but human neutrophils infected with Mtb‐activated co‐cultured pDCs to do so. Mtb‐infected neutrophils produced neutrophil extracellular traps, whose exposed DNA is a well‐known mechanism to activate pDCs to secrete IFN‐I. We conclude that pDCs contribute to the IFN‐I response during Mtb infection by interacting with infected neutrophils which may then promote Mtb pathogenesis.
A new microconductometric sensor based on a PVC membrane including an o‐COSAN ion‐pair complex for the detection of caffeine
Authors: Calzia Edward , Ayed Dhekra , Ben Aissa Salwa , Chatti Saber , Berketa Ksenyia , Dyadevych Sergiy , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCaffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and is the most routinely used drug in the world. It is present in coffee, tea, in soft drinks. It is responsible for bitterness in coffee and tea. A new microconductometric sensor for the detection of caffeine was designed, based on a PVC liquid membrane including a [o‐COSAN]−/caffeine ion‐pair complex deposited on interdigitated electrodes. This caffeine sensor presents de dynamic range from 10−6 M to 10−1 M and a limit of detection of 0.3 μM. The sensor presents good reproducibility (RSD 3 %) and repeatability (RSD 8 %). The shelf‐life time of the sensor was more than three months. The sensor is selective versus interfering components present in the different matrices (coke, tea, and coffee) and was used successfully for the detection of caffeine in these matrices.
High‐efficiency extraction of target particles in viscoelastic contraction–expansion microchannels
Authors: Wu Bin , Liu Shaowei , Jiang Di , Tang Wenlai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe efficient and precise extraction of target particles is a crucial prerequisite for achieving accurate detection and analysis in microfluidic cell analysis. In this study, a symmetrical contraction–expansion microchannel with sheath flow was designed, aiming to extract target larger particles from particles of different sizes within the channel. This paper conducted numerical simulations to investigate the three‐dimensional migration mechanisms of particles and performed experimental studies to examine the separation performance of particles with different sizes under varying flow rate ratios and different numbers of contraction–expansion structures. The experimental results indicate that at moderate sample flow rates and higher flow rate ratios, microchannels with fewer contraction–expansion structures are likely to achieve better performance in extracting target particles compared to microchannels with a greater number of these structures. Our work advances the application of viscoelastic contraction–expansion microchannels in particle separation. This device is easy to set up in parallel and significantly enhances throughput, providing an accurate and efficient solution for future particle separation applications.
Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms of star anise against COVID‐19 using network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Li Ning , Gao Ya , Liu Lingfei , Hu Qin , Xiao Lixia , Guan Tianzhu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has exhibited promising preventive and therapeutic attributes against COVID‐19. This study aims to investigate the active constituents within star anise and elucidate their mechanisms in combatting COVID‐19, employing a combination of GC‐MS analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques. Various extraction methods were employed to obtain star anise compounds, which were subsequently subjected to GC‐MS analysis. A comprehensive star anise and COVID‐19‐related genomic network was established through Swiss Target Prediction and disease‐gene databases. Network pharmacology analysis unveiled the significant prominence of common core targets, namely TLR4, PTGS2, RELA, and ESR1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that star anise may exert its preventive effects against COVID‐19 by modulating immune responses, apoptosis, and viral infections. Molecular docking investigations provided compelling evidence of substantial interactions between the active compounds found in star anise and the key target proteins. In summary, this work has the potential to offer new avenues and a theoretical foundation for a more in‐depth understanding of the multicomponents, multitarget, and multipathway properties of star anise in preventing COVID‐19.
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neural injury as potential predictors for delirium
Authors: Fong Tamara G. , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Kivisäkk Pia , Metzger Eran D. , Schmitt Eva M. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Jones Richard N. , Shanes Hannah T. , Arnold Steven E. , Inouye Sharon K. , Ngo Long H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesDetermine if biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neural injury may play a role in the prediction of delirium risk.MethodsIn a cohort of older adults who underwent elective surgery, delirium case‐no delirium control pairs (N = 70, or 35 matched pairs) were matched by age, sex and vascular comorbidities. Biomarkers from CSF and plasma samples collected prior to surgery, including amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, total (t)‐Tau, phosphorylated (p)‐Tau181, neurofilament‐light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma using sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) or ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassays.ResultsPlasma GFAP correlated significantly with CSF GFAP and both plasma and CSF GFAP values were nearly two‐fold higher in delirium cases. The median paired difference between delirium case and control without delirium for plasma GFAP was not significant (p = 0.074) but higher levels were associated with a greater risk for delirium (odds ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 0.85, 2.72 per standard deviation increase in plasma GFAP concentration) in this small study. No matched pair differences or associations with delirium were observed for NfL, p‐Tau 181, Aβ40 and Aβ42.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest that plasma GFAP, a marker of astroglial activation, may be worth further investigation as a predictive risk marker for delirium.
Daily occupational exposure in swine farm alters human skin microbiota and antibiotic resistome
Authors: Chen Dong‐Rui , Cheng Ke , Wan Lei , Cui Chao‐Yue , Li Gong , Zhao Dong‐Hao , Yu Yang , Liao Xiao‐Ping , Liu Ya‐Hong , D'Souza Alaric W. , Lian Xin‐Lei , Sun Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed across humans, animals, and environment. Farming environments are emerging as a key research area for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). While the skin is an important reservoir of ARGs and ARB, transmission mechanisms between farming environments and human skin remain unclear. Previous studies confirmed that swine farm environmental exposures alter skin microbiome, but the timeline of these changes is ill defined. To improve understanding of these changes and to determine the specific time, we designed a cohort study of swine farm workers and students through collected skin and environmental samples to explore the impact of daily occupational exposure in swine farm on human skin microbiome. Results indicated that exposure to livestock‐associated environments where microorganisms are richer than school environment can reshape the human skin microbiome and antibiotic resistome. Exposure of 5 h was sufficient to modify the microbiome and ARG structure in workers' skin by enriching microorganisms and ARGs. These changes were preserved once formed. Further analysis indicated that ARGs carried by host microorganisms may transfer between the environment with workers' skin and have the potential to expand to the general population using farm workers as an ARG vector. These results raised concerns about potential transmission of ARGs to the broader community. Therefore, it is necessary to take corresponding intervention measures in the production process to reduce the possibility of ARGs and ARB transmission.
Promising dawn in the management of pulmonary hypertension: The mystery veil of gut microbiota
Authors: Yang Yicheng , Zhang Hanwen , Wang Yaoyao , Xu Jing , Shu Songren , Wang Peizhi , Ding Shusi , Huang Yuan , Zheng Lemin , Yang Yuejin , Xiong Changming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract, which plays a vital role in human health. It is intricately involved in the metabolism, and it also affects diverse physiological processes. The gut–lung axis is a bidirectional pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune response regulation in the lungs and the development of lung diseases. In this review, we present the interrelated factors concerning gut microbiota and the associated metabolites in pulmonary hypertension (PH), a lethal disease characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance. Our research team explored the role of gut‐microbiota‐derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases and established the correlation between metabolites such as putrescine, succinate, trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), and N, N, N‐trimethyl‐5‐aminovaleric acid with the diseases. Furthermore, we found that specific metabolites, such as TMAO and betaine, have significant clinical value in PH, suggesting their potential as biomarkers in disease management. In detailing the interplay between the gut microbiota, their metabolites, and PH, we underscored the potential therapeutic approaches modulating this microbiota. Ultimately, we endeavor to alleviate the substantial socioeconomic burden associated with this disease. This review presents a unique exploratory analysis of the link between gut microbiota and PH, intending to propel further investigations in the gut–lung axis.
Anti‐angiogenic therapy enhances cancer immunotherapy: Mechanism and clinical application
Authors: Li An‐Qi , Fang Jian‐Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, is revolutionizing cancer treatment, achieving durable control of previously incurable or advanced tumors. However, only a certain group of patients exhibit effective responses to immunotherapy. Anti‐angiogenic therapy aims to block blood vessel growth in tumors by depriving them of essential nutrients and effectively impeding their growth. Emerging evidence shows that tumor vessels exhibit structural and functional abnormalities, resulting in an immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor response to immunotherapy. Both preclinical and clinical studies have used anti‐angiogenic agents to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy against cancer. In this review, we concentrate on the synergistic effect of anti‐angiogenic and immune therapies in cancer management, dissect the direct effects and underlying mechanisms of tumor vessels on recruiting and activating immune cells, and discuss the potential of anti‐angiogenic agents to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Lastly, we outline challenges and opportunities for the anti‐angiogenic strategy to enhance immunotherapy. Considering the increasing approval of the combination of anti‐angiogenic and immune therapies in treating cancers, this comprehensive review would be timely and important.
Ectomycorrhizas of Rhizopogon himalayensis on Cedrus deodara
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Tapwal Ashwani , Kumar Dinesh , Yadav Rahul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ectomycorrhizal (EcM) roots of Cedrus deodara associated with a unique hypogeous EcM fungus—Rhizopogon himalayensis is meticulously characterized and comprehensively described based on well‐established standard morphological and anatomical features. The mycobiont—R. himalayensis was found organically associated with the roots of C. deodara. The EcM morphotypes are distinguished by differences in the shape and color of the roots, type of ramification, surface texture, type of mantle, as well as different chemical reactions. All the examined morphotypes were having similar mycorrhizal system and anatomically (Mantle and Hartig net) no disparities were seen, that is, nonsignificant (p > 0.05) variations were observed. The majority of mycorrhizal systems were irregularly pinnate, dichotomous type with 0–1 order of ramification and occasional coralloid type. Mantle surface was densely cottony to loosely wooly. The outer and inner mantles were H & Q type. Hartig net was a complex net‐like structure with uniseriate to mutiseriate type of hyphal cell arrangement. Rhizomorph were smooth and round, consistently growing along roots. Moreover, extraradical hyphae were hyaline, septate, and without clamp connections. Sclerotia and cystidia were absent. Our findings will contribute to the biology of ectomycorrhizae associated with primitive and economically valuable conifers, thriving in the face of shifting environmental conditions in the northwestern Himalayas.
Polarimetric‐Spectral‐Sensitive Compressed Ultrafast Photography Enables Real‐Time Intensity Visualization of Time‐Varying Polarized Ultrafast Laser Pulses
Authors: Ding Pengpeng , Guo Zihan , Qi Dalong , Yao Jiali , Jin Chengzhi , Xu Ning , Zhang Zhiling , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Wang Zhiyong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUltrafast laser pulses with complex spatiotemporal and polarization couplings have shown great application prospects in coherent control, particle acceleration, molecular dynamics excitation, and chiral or anisotropic detection. It is very important to observe the polarization‐coupled ultrafast laser pulses for characterizing the performance of laser source and understanding the laser‐matter interaction, but there is currently no detection technique that can completely characterize them, including the spatio‐, spectral‐, and polarimetric‐temporal information. In this work, a polarimetric‐spectral‐sensitive has been compressed ultrafast photography (PS‐CUP) to realize the real‐time intensity visualization of time‐varying polarized (TP) ultrafast laser pulses. PS‐CUP can not only distinguish the polarization state of a TP pulse, but also realize the spatio‐, spectral‐ and polarimetric‐temporal measurement. To demonstrate the ability of polarization resolving detection, PS‐CUP is used to successfully distinguish between the sinistral and dextral TP pulses and measure the angle and degree of linear polarization of a dextral TP pulse, respectively, and the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical simulations. Owing to the unprecedented multidimensional detection ability, PS‐CUP is prospected to provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis of various complex ultrafast laser pulses and the detection of ultrafast chiral optics.
Dynamics of High Molecular Weight Cylindrical and Lamellar Block Copolymers with X‐ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Taleb Omar , Blatt Michael Patrick , Signorini Virginia , Oparaji Onyekachi , Kim Kyougmin , Lochner Eric , Narayanan Suresh , Zhang Qingteng , Hallinan Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of polystyrene (PS)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers (BCPs) are studied. The BCPs exhibit microphase‐separated cylindrical and lamellar morphologies. Structural dynamics are measured with X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy in the small‐angle regime. Morphologies and domain sizes are evaluated using small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Different solvent processing conditions are investigated. Grain sizes evaluated using SAXS are found to depend on processing only for the rubbery majority BCP. The structural relaxation times are examined as a function of PS volume fraction, temperature, morphology, and structural sizes. Well above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS, all samples exhibit stretched autocorrelation decays and diffusive dynamics. Near Tg of PS, the dynamics of all samples are anomalous with compressed autocorrelation decays and hyperdiffusive dynamics. This transition occurs at 153 °C or 1.13 Tg of PS. In the diffusive regime (at high temperature), structural relaxation times are dependent on the processing method. Near PS Tg (at low temperature), structural relaxation times scale with the PS volume fraction. Structural relaxation times do not correlate with grain size, indicating that the out‐of‐equilibrium state of PS dominates the structural dynamics of these strongly phase‐segregated BCPs.