bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of melatonin and its precursors and metabolites using capillary electrophoresis with UV and fluorometric detection
Authors: Poboży Ewa , Michalski Aleksander , Sotowska‐Brochocka Joanna , Trojanowicz Marek 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA micellar electrokinetic chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous determination of melatonin and its precursors and metabolites. A 20 mM borate buffer pH 9.5 with 50 mM SDS served as the electrolyte. Tryptophan, 5‐methoxyindoleacetic acid, 6‐hydroxymelatonin, melatonin, serotonin, and 5‐methoxytryptamine were baseline separated in less than 13 min. The limits of detection for UV detection and fluorometric detection based on native fluorescence of analytes were at the sub‐ppm level. The proposed method with UV detection was applied to melatonin content control in pharmaceutical tablets with a precision expressed as RSD (n = 7) = 1.6%. For biological samples extraction with chloroform and ethyl acetate was examined. With ethyl acetate and chloroform recoveries of 87.2% and 82.1% melatonin, respectively, were obtained from plasma samples. The recovery of melatonin from spiked urine samples was 80.0% for ethyl acetate and 82.5% for chloroform. Fluorometric detection provides about two‐fold improvement over UV in the detection of melatonin and minor improvements for three other analytes, but is much poorer than UV for tryptophan and 6‐hydroxymelatonin in applied conditions.
Hyperbranched Poly(arylene ether amide) via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction
Authors: In Insik , Kim Sang Youl 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: New hyperbranched poly(arylene ether amides) with fluorine or hydroxy end groups were synthesized from AB2 or A2B type monomers via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. Monomer syntheses were facilitated by chemo‐selective amidation reactions, and even a direct synthesis of hyperbranched polymer was possible without isolation of the monomer. The resulting hyperbranched poly(arylene ether amides) showed highly branched characteristics (DB = 0.43–0.53), high glass transition temperatures (Tg > 220 °C), and high thermal stability (Td10 > 420 °C). All hyperbranched polymers were readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as DMF, DMSO, and NMP regardless of the end groups. Such a similar solubility pattern may result from the high amide contents and longer branching distances between adjacent branching points in these hyperbranched polymer backbones.Polymerization of AB2 and A2B‐type monomers.imagePolymerization of AB2 and A2B‐type monomers.
Curing of Diglycidyl Ether of 4,4′‐Bisphenol P with Nitro Derivatives of Amine Compounds, 3
Authors: Zhang Yanxi , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry and isoconversional kinetic analysis were used to study the curing reaction of diglycidyl ether of 4,4′‐bisphenol P epoxy resin with an aromatic amine, 2,4‐dinitroaniline. Two exothermic peaks have been observed on a DSC curve. The first one corresponds to the cure and the second one represents decomposition. Advanced isoconversional method shows an activation energy of cure (90–115 kJ · mol−1) which is markedly higher than the typical activation energy of epoxy‐amine cure reaction. The effect is explained by electrostatic repulsion of the NO2 group that shields NH2 from nucleophilic attack and creates an extra energy barrier to the curing reaction.Dependence of activation energy on the extent of conversion (scatter plot) and the dependence of the extent of conversion on temperature (line plot) at the heating rate of 10 °C · min−1of DGEBP/2,4‐DNA system.imageDependence of activation energy on the extent of conversion (scatter plot) and the dependence of the extent of conversion on temperature (line plot) at the heating rate of 10 °C · min−1of DGEBP/2,4‐DNA system.
G2019S dardarin substitution is a common cause of Parkinson's disease in a Portuguese cohort
Authors: Bras Jose Miguel , Guerreiro Rita Joao , Ribeiro Maria Helena , Januario Cristina , Morgadinho Ana , Oliveira Catarina Resende , Cunha Luis , Hardy John , Singleton Andrew 
Published: September 2005

AbstractLRRK2 mutations have recently been described in families with Parkinson's disease. Here we show that one of them (G2019S) is present in 6% (7 of 124) unrelated cases of disease in a clinic‐based sample series from central Portugal, but not present in 126 controls from the same population. Thus, LRRK2 mutations appear to be a common cause of typical Parkinson's disease and as such will alter clinical practice. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Photoreactive main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyesters: Synthesis, characterization, and photochemistry
Authors: Tejedor Rosa M. , Oriol Luis , Piñol Milagros , Serrano José Luis , Strehmel Veronika , Stiller Burkhard , Stumpe Joachim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThree series of semiflexible and rigid main‐chain polyesters containing photoreactive mesogenic units derived from p‐phenylenediacrylic acid (PDA) and cinnamic acid have been synthesized by high‐temperature polycondensation. The thermal and mesomorphic properties of the polymers have been determined. The photochemical behavior of polymer P‐[1]‐T, which contains a PDA unit, has been studied both in solution and in films. In solution, [2+2] photocycloaddition, E/Z photoisomerization, and photo‐Fries rearrangement can take place. In contrast, the dominant process in spin‐coated films is the [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction, which causes crosslinking of the polymer. In films, the photochemistry and induction of anisotropy are strongly influenced by the aggregation of the PDA phenylester unit. A dichroism of about 0.2 has been induced in films by irradiation with linearly polarized UV light, and thus the capability of these films to induce optical anisotropy and align liquid crystals has been demonstrated. Liquid‐crystalline cells have been made with polarized irradiated films of P‐[1]‐T as aligning layers. A commercial liquid‐crystalline mixture has been used for this study, and a similar liquid‐crystalline order determined by polarized Fourier transform infrared to a commercial cell with rubbed polyimide as an aligning layer has been detected. Because of crosslinking of the irradiated P‐[1]‐T photoaligning layer, the photoinduced anisotropy is stable at high temperatures, and the liquid‐crystalline molecules are insoluble in the irradiated polymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4907–4921, 2005
The influence of attachment and emotional support in end‐stage cancer
Authors: Hunter Marcus J. , Davis Penelope J. , Tunstall Jennifer R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe impact of attachment style and emotional support on negative affect in 67 end‐stage cancer patients was examined via self‐report inventory. Path analysis revealed high levels of both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with lower levels of emotional support which, in turn, had a major adverse influence on patients' negative affect. In addition, attachment anxiety was also directly associated with distress. The discussion emphasises the importance of attachment theory and emotional support within the context of terminal cancer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective interactions between chaotropic agents and proteins
Authors: Salvi Giovanni , De Los Rios Paolo , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: September 2005

AbstractChaotropic agents are cosolutes that can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules and reduce the stability of the native state of proteins by weakening the hydrophobic effect. In this work, we represent the chaotropic agent as a factor that reduces the amount of order in the structures formed by water molecules, both in the bulk and the hydration shells around hydrophobic amino acids. In this framework we show that low chaotrope concentrations lead to a destabilization of the native state of proteins, and that high concentrations induce complete denaturation. We also find that the reduction of the number of bulk ordered states of water molecules can give origin to an effective interaction between chaotropic molecules and proteins. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variance estimation for clustered recurrent event data with a small number of clusters
Authors: Schaubel Douglas E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractOften in biomedical studies, the event of interest is recurrent and within‐subject events cannot usually be assumed independent. In semi‐parametric estimation of the proportional rates model, a working independence assumption leads to an estimating equation for the regression parameter vector, with within‐subject correlation accounted for through a robust (sandwich) variance estimator; these methods have been extended to the case of clustered subjects. We consider variance estimation in the setting where subjects are clustered and the study consists of a small number of moderate‐to‐large‐sized clusters. We demonstrate through simulation that the robust estimator is quite inaccurate in this setting. We propose a corrected version of the robust variance estimator, as well as jackknife and bootstrap estimators. Simulation studies reveal that the corrected variance is considerably more accurate than the robust estimator, and slightly more accurate than the jackknife and bootstrap variance. The proposed methods are used to compare hospitalization rates between Canada and the U.S. in a multi‐centre dialysis study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hierarchical Bayesian birth cohort analysis from incomplete registry data: evaluating the trends in the age of onset of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
Authors: Moltchanova E. , Penttinen A. , Karvonen M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractChildhood diabetes is one of the major non‐communicable diseases in children under 15 years of age. It requires a life‐long insulin treatment and may lead to serious complications. Along with the worldwide increase in the incidence several countries have recently reported a decreasing trend in the age of onset of the disease. The aim of this study is to analyse long‐term data on the incidence of the childhood diabetes in Finland from the birth cohorts perspective. The annual incidence data were available for the period 1965–1996 which translates into 1951–1996 birth cohorts. Hence the data consist of completely and partially observed cohorts. Bayesian modelling was employed in the analysis. Several different priors and cohort combinations were tried in order to determine the sensitivity of the results. The cumulative birth cohort incidence of diabetes was determined to have an increasing average annual trend of 2.5 per cent. Although the average birth cohort‐specific age of onset was estimated to have decreased slightly over the years of observation, the trend could be a result of random variation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confidence intervals of effect size in randomized comparative parallel‐group studies
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Jiang Guoyong , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have presented a new likelihood‐based approach for constructing confidence intervals of effect size that are applicable to small samples. We also conduct a simulation study to compare the coverage probability of the new likelihood‐based method with other three methods proposed by Hedges and Olkin and Kraemer and Paik. Simulation studies show that the confidence interval generated by the modified signed log‐likelihood ratio method possesses essentially exact coverage probabilities even for small samples, although the coverage probabilities are consistently but slightly less than the nominal level. The methods are also applied to two examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Farmers and English County Politics 1832–80
Authors: JAGGARD EDWIN 
Published: September 2005

In November 1855 the Conservative Party's electoral agent Philip Rose wrote to the Chief Whip Sir William Jolliffe, about a Cornish farmer William Snell:Snell is one of the adventurers who go about endeavouring to persuade people that he is employed from headquarters. He called upon me the other day and stated that he knew Mr Triscott and had been in communication with him. I heard all he had to say but said as little in return as possible.
Selectivity of d[Cha4]AVP and SSR149415 at human vasopressin and oxytocin receptors: evidence that SSR149415 is a mixed vasopressin V1b/oxytocin receptor antagonist
Authors: Griffante Cristiana , Green Andrew , Curcuruto Ornella , Haslam Carl P , Dickinson Bryony A , Arban Roberto 
Published: September 2005

A possible role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1breceptor subtype in stress‐related disorders has been recently highlighted by the discovery of the agonist [1‐deamino‐4‐cyclohexylalanine] AVP (d[Cha4]AVP) and the antagonist SSR149415. Both compounds have been proposed to target specifically V1breceptors, since the reported affinities for the related V1a, V2and oxytocin receptors are in the micromolar or submicromolar range. In the present study, we further investigated the binding affinities of d[Cha4]AVP and SSR149415 at recombinant human vasopressin V1b(hV1b) and oxytocin (hOT) receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and functional properties of both compounds at hV1b, hV1a, hV2and hOT receptors.d[Cha4]AVP bound to hV1breceptors and hOT receptors with pKivalues of 9.68±0.06 and 7.68±0.09, respectively. SSR149415 showed pKivalues of 9.34±0.06 at hV1band 8.82±0.16 at hOT receptors.d[Cha4]AVP stimulated [Ca2+]iincrease in hV1b‐CHO cells with a pEC50value of 10.05±0.15. It showed pEC50values of 6.53±0.17 and 5.92±0.02 at hV1aand hV2receptors, respectively, and behaved as a weak antagonist at hOT receptors (pKB=6.31±0.12). SSR149415 inhibited the agonist‐induced [Ca2+]iincrease with pKBvalues of 9.19±0.07 in hV1b‐CHO and 8.72±0.15 in hOT‐CHO cells. A functional pKivalue of 7.23±0.10 was found for SSR1494151 at hV1areceptors, whereas it did not inhibit 20 nMAVP response at hV2receptors up to 3 μM.Data obtained confirmed the high potency and selectivity of d[Cha4]AVP at hV1breceptors, but revealed that SSR149415, in addition to the high potency at hV1breceptors, displays a significant antagonism at hOT receptors.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 744–751. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706383
QT prolongation and proarrhythmia by moxifloxacin: concordance of preclinical models in relation to clinical outcome
Authors: Chen Xian , Cass Jessica D , Bradley Jenifer A , Dahm Corinn M , Sun Zhuoqian , Kadyszewski Edmund , Engwall Michael J , Zhou Jun 
Published: September 2005

Moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic associated with QT prolongation, has been recommended as a positive control by regulatory authorities to evaluate the sensitivity of both clinical and preclinical studies to detect small but significant increases in QT interval measurements.
In this study, we investigated effects of moxifloxacin on the hERG current in HEK‐293 cells, electrocardiograms in conscious telemetered dogs, and repolarization parameters and arrhythmogenic potentials in the arterially perfused rabbit ventricular wedge model.
Moxifloxacin inhibited the hERG current with an IC50 of 35.7 μM. In conscious telemetered dogs, moxifloxacin significantly prolonged QTc at 30 and 90 mg kg−1, with mean serum Cmax of 8.52 and 22.3 μg ml−1, respectively. In the wedge preparation, moxifloxacin produced a concentration‐dependent prolongation of the action potential duration, QT interval, and the time between peak and end of the T wave, an indicator for transmural dispersion of repolarization. Phase 2 early after‐depolarizations were observed in one of five experiments at 30 μM and five of five experiments at 100 μM. The arrhythmogenic potential was also concentration‐dependent, and 100 μM (∼18‐fold above the typical unbound Cmax exposure in clinical usage) appeared to have a high risk of inducing torsade de pointes (TdP).
Our data indicated a good correlation among the concentration–response relationships in the three preclinical models and with the available clinical data. The lack of TdP report by moxifloxacin in patients without other risk factors might be attributable to its well‐behaved pharmacokinetic profile and other dose‐limiting effects.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 792–799. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706389
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus)interferon-αgenes: cloning, expression and antiviral activities
Authors: Xi-Ju Shi , Chun Xia , Ming Wang 
Published: September 2005

AbstractInterferon(IFN)-α genes were cloned from genomic DNA of Fuan and Fuzhong water buffaloes by PCR, and the PCR products were inserted into a pQE30 vector to construct recombinant expression plasmids. Sequence analysis showed that both clones were composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature polypeptide with 166 amino acids (aa). They were defined as two new subtypes, with 91.6–94.2% identity at the amino acid level by comparison with eight previously published bovine IFN-α subtypes. Results of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting showed that each of the recombinant proteins was expressed in inclusion bodies inEscherichia coliwith molecular weight of 20 kDa and the recombinant proteins were 25% of the whole proteins. Inclusion bodies were denatured and renatured with urea and the antiviral activities of the recombinant buffalo IFN-α (rBuIFN-α) were 105U/mg and 106U/mg in CEF/VSV and MDBK/VSV cell lines, respectively. Additionally, rBuIFN-α had good effects against challenge byinfectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. The rBuIFN-α are potential biological agents for the prevention and treatment of various kinds of bovine viral disease.
Cloning and characterization of the light-inducible Gacab promoter from Gossypium arboreum
Authors: Wei-Min Li , Zhi-Xing Wang , Xin-Wu Pei , Shi-Rong Jia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA 1009 bp promoter sequence of cab gene, which encodes chlorophyll a/b binding protein belonging to a class of light-inducible proteins, was cloned from Gossypium arboreum. Sequence analysis showed that it had no obvious homology with previously published cab promoters. The full-length Gacab promoter and 5′ deletions with length of 197, 504 and 779 bp were fused with gus (uid A) gene, respectively, and plant expression vectors were used for transformation of Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC89. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay of transgenic tobacco plants showed that GUS was expressed specifically in leaves and young green tissues. GUS was not detected in the leaves of transgenic plants grown in the dark for 6 days. However, it was highly expressed in the leaves of these plants after induction with light for another 6 days, demonstrating that the full-length Gacab promoter is a light-inducible promoter. Transient GUS expression in rice calli indicated that the expression level of Gacab504::gus was the highest and stronger than that of the CaMV 35S promoter, while expression was reduced for Gacab197::gus, Gacab779::gus and Gacab1009::gus constructs. This suggests that −197 bp to −1 bp is a basic promoter of Gacab, some positive regulatory elements may exist in −504 bp to −197 bp, and the fragment −1009 bp to −504 bp may contain negative elements.
Are Biomphalaria snails resistant to Schistosoma mansoni?
Authors: Théron A. , Coustau C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAmong Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni snail–trematode combinations, it appears that some parasites succeed whilst others fail to infect snails. Snails that become infected are termed susceptible hosts. Those which are not infected are traditionally determined as ‘resistant’. Here the concept of B. glabrata resistance to S. mansoni is re-examined in the light of additional observations. It is suggested that, in B. glabrata/S. mansoni, compatibility is tested independently for each individual miracidium and host, and that the success or failure of an infection does not depend on the snail susceptibility/resistance status, but on the ‘matched’ or ‘mismatched’ status of the host and parasite phenotypes.
Phenotypic analysis of adults and eggs of Fasciola hepatica by computer image analysis system
Authors: Valero M.A. , Panova M. , Mas-Coma S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractKnowledge of the morphological phenotypes of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea) is analysed. The influence of parasite age on its dimensions, the adult fluke growth model, variation in a biometric variable versus time, and variation in a biometric variable versus another biometric variable (allometric model) are revised. The most useful allometric model appears to be (y2m]#x2212;y2)/y2=c [(y1m−y1)/y1]b, where y1=body area or body length, y2=one of the measurements analysed, y1m, y2m=maximum values towards which y1 and y2, respectively, tend, and c, b=constants. A method based on material standardization, the measurement proposal and allometric analysis is detailed. A computer image analysis system (CIAS), which includes a colour video-camera connected to a stereomicroscope (for adult studies) and a microscope (for egg studies), facilitates the processing of digital imaging. Examples of its application for the analysis of the influence of different factors on the liver fluke phenotype are shown using material from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano, where human and domestic animal fascioliasis is caused by F. hepatica only. Comparisons between the development of livestock fluke populations from highlands and lowlands are discussed and the relationships between host species and liver fluke morphometric patterns is analysed.
Mixed infections with Opisthorchis viverrini and intestinal flukes in residents of Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province in Laos
Authors: Chai J.-Y. , Park J.-H. , Han E.-T. , Guk S.-M. , Shin E.-H. , Lin A. , Kim J.-L. , Sohn W.-M. , Yong T.-S. , Eom K.S. , Min D.-Y. , Hwang E.-H. , Phommmasack B. , Insisiengmay B. , Rim H.-J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractFaecal examinations for helminth eggs were performed on 1869 people from two riverside localities, Vientiane Municipality and Saravane Province, along the Mekong River, Laos. To obtain adult flukes, 42 people positive for small trematode eggs (Opisthorchis viverrini, heterophyid, or lecithodendriid eggs) were treated with a 20–30 mg kg−1 single dose of praziquantel and purged. Diarrhoeic stools were then collected from 36 people (18 in each area) and searched for helminth parasites using stereomicroscopes. Faecal examinations revealed positive rates for small trematode eggs of 53.3% and 70.8% (average 65.2%) in Vientiane and Saravane Province, respectively. Infections with O. viverrini and six species of intestinal flukes were found, namely, Haplorchistaichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus caninus,Prosthodendrium molenkampi, and Phaneropsolus bonnei. The total number of flukes collected and the proportion of fluke species recovered were markedly different in the two localities; in Vientiane, 1041 O. viverrini (57.8 per person) and 615 others (34.2 per person), whereas in Saravane, 395 O. viverrini (21.9 per person) and 155207 others (8622.6 per person). Five people from Saravane harboured no O. viverrini but numerous heterophyid and/or lecithodendriid flukes. The results indicate that O. viverrini and several species of heterophyid and lecithodendriid flukes are endemic in these two riverside localities, and suggest that the intensity of infection and the relative proportion of fluke species vary by locality along the Mekong River basin.