bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame retardant, mechanical, and hot air aging properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/ammonium polyphosphate/nano‐silic composite rubber
Authors: Shi Zhiqiang , Yang Yuqing , Yang Bin , Kang Shijun , Zhang Yue , Wang Sen , Miao Jibin , Zheng Zhengzhi , Qian Jiasheng , Xia Ru , Zhang Weiguo , Ke Yuchao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, effect of the ratio of nonhalogenated flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate [APP] and nano‐silica [nano‐SiO2]) on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) composite rubber were investigated. Vulcanization characteristics, high temperature compression permanent deformation, thermal oxygen aging, dynamic thermodynamic analysis, thermal stability, cone calorimetry, limiting oxygen index (LOI), horizontal vertical combustion (UL‐94), and scanning electron microscopy were carried out. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of the composite rubber decreased with the addition of APP. However, the addition of nano‐SiO2 was found to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the composite rubber when it was incorporated. In terms of flame retardant properties of EPDM composite rubber, the combination of APP and nano‐SiO2 has a synergistic flame retardant effect in comparison to the use of single APP flame retardant. The heat release rate of EPDM composite rubber decreased by 34%, the total heat release decreased by 19%, the LOI increased by 76%, and the flame retardant grade of EPDM composite rubber reached V‐0. The EPDM composite rubber fabricated in the present study showed excellent fire resistance and desirable mechanical properties, which are of practical significance for further expanding the application ranges of EPDM rubbers.
Comparing digital light processing and stereolithography vat polymerization Technologies for antimicrobial 3D printing using silver oxide as an antimicrobial filler
Authors: Shannon Alice , Guttridge Callum , O'Sullivan Aidan , O'Sullivan Kevin J. , Clifford Seamus , Schmalenberger Achim , O'Sullivan Leonard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVat polymerization technology allows filler particles to be incorporated into photosensitive 3D printing resin to improve the properties of the printed material. This method can be used to produce medical devices with an antimicrobial effect that can reduce biofilm formation and reduce infections due to indwelling devices. Metal oxides have the potential to combat antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, further lowering the risk of hospital‐acquired infections. The antimicrobial agent in this study, silver oxide, was evaluated for its antimicrobial effect against gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis) as these are the main cause of biofilm formation. The 3D printed samples demonstrated a strong antimicrobial effect at low concentrations of 1 wt.%. Two vat polymerization technologies, stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP), were compared for their suitability for producing 3D printed samples with an antimicrobial effect. DLP successfully produced samples with mechanical properties comparable to the base resin, whereas SLA samples had reduced mechanical strength at higher concentrations of silver oxide filler. Neither printing technology nor silver oxide concentration had a statistically significant effect on the mechanical properties of the printed materials.
Assessing robustness of hyperelastic models for describing nonlinearity of the mechanical response for pristine and swollen carbon black filled elastomers
Authors: Boulman H. , Mdarhri A. , Nezili Y. , El Haouzi F. , El Aboudi I. , Brosseau C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe consider the hyperelastic response of semi‐crystalline ethylene–co‐butyl acrylate (EBA) samples filled with carbon black (CB) particles. Such material is structurally complex with its microstructure being characterized by many structural parameters including crosslink density, filler/matrix interfaces, crystallinity, filler network, and chain entanglement which have different degrees of influence on the effective mechanical properties. We evaluate the ability of a number of analytical models to correctly reproduce the non‐linear elastic mechanical response of these samples. We do this by considering either dry samples, or samples which are swollen by a non‐polar solvent (toluene) at equilibrium, and subjected to uniaxial tension at room temperature. As test cases, we focus on six physical models for the purpose of analyzing the stress–strain curves of samples with different cross‐linking densities. Among these frameworks, we show that the Mooney–Rivlin (MR), Ogden, and eight‐chain models accurately describe the stress–strain curves of both dry and swollen CB‐EBA samples. These findings highlight the possibility of attaining a diverse set of mechanical properties of filled polymer samples by tailoring their structural parameters.
Synthesis and properties of poly(ester imide) copolymers from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine, and 4‐aminophenyl‐4′‐aminobenzoate
Authors: Zheng Hao , Gong Dirong , Pang Yuanyuan , Tian Chun , Wang Zhen , Yan Jingling 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA series of poly(ester imide) (PEsI) copolymers were synthesized using 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (4,4′‐BPDA), 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB), and 4‐aminophenyl‐4′‐aminobenzoate (APAB) as the monomers. Wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction results revealed that the average interchain distances of these polymers ranged from 4.6 to 5.7 Å, increasing with the increase of TFMB contents. PEsI‐0.3 and PEsI‐0.4 exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 445 and 455°C, respectively, while no distinctive Tg was observed for the PEsI copolymers when the APAB content was >50 mol%. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of these PEsI copolymers ranged from 3.8 to 24.2 ppm K−1, increasing with the increase of TFMB contents. The PEsI copolymers exhibited a modulus of 5.7–7.8 GPa, a tensile strength of 282–332 MPa, and an elongation‐at‐break of 10.2%–23.3%. Furthermore, these copolymers exhibited a dielectric constant of 2.53–2.76, and a low dissipation factor (Df) of 0.0026–0.0032 at 10 GHz in dry state. Because of their excellent combined properties, these PEsI copolymers are promising candidates as dielectric substrate materials for the applications in next generation flexible printed circuit boards operating at high frequencies.
Thickness‐dependent glass transition temperature of hydroxyethyl cellulose thin films based on dielectric properties
Authors: Ulutas Kemal , Yakut Sahin , Bozoglu Deniz , Tankul Mehtap Irem , Deger Deniz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) thin films with a molecular weight of 720,000 g/mol deposited by thermal evaporation in a thickness range of 250, 500, and 750 nm were measured in a frequency range of 1–105 Hz and a temperature range of 233–373 K for dielectric characterization with increments of 10 K. Dielectric results were used to derive and evaluate the glass transition temperature and ductility, which are essential parameters for structural analysis. Results showed that the thickness of HEC thin films was an effective parameter on dielectric and structural properties. Because of the increasing thickness, the dielectric constant has values between 22 and 143 at 1 kHz, and glass transition temperature and ductility change between 211–175 K and 15–20, respectively. Based on the literature and the compatible results, the main effect of these variations could be dead layers and voids in structure. The effect of the dead layer gave an important idea about the adjustability of mechanical properties of HEC thin films depending on the thickness. In this way, it would be possible to use these thin films deposited from HEC with 720,000 g/mol molecular weight, especially in drug delivery, electrophoresis technologies, biomedical devices, and coverage applications.
Foraging habitat suitability of black‐browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris wintering in the South‐west Atlantic Ocean: Acknowledging age class to improve conservation management
Authors: Paz Jesica Andrea , Seco Pon Juan Pablo , Krüger Lucas , Favero Marco , Copello Sofía 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Seabirds, particularly albatrosses, are among the most threatened birds as a result of their continuous exposure to anthropic pressures including interaction with commercial fisheries, climate change and pollution. Several studies that have focused on the spatial distribution of foraging seabirds have identified a certain level of segregation between age classes.
The black‐browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris is the most abundant albatross species in the South‐west Atlantic Ocean and the main pelagic seabird interacting with a range of fishing fleets. There is a considerable lack of knowledge about the biology of immature individuals and on habitat suitability of the species during non‐breeding season (winter).
The aim of this study was to assess the foraging habitat suitability of the black‐browed albatross in the South‐west Atlantic during the austral winter, analysing differences between adults and immatures individuals.
Habitat suitability models were based on foraging locations recorded by 15 satellite transmitters deployed on six adults and nine immature individuals between 2011 and 2015. Remotely sensed oceanographic data were used to characterize suitable foraging habitat for the albatrosses.
Differences were found in foraging habitat suitability by age class, with adult selecting areas located in deeper waters over the continental shelf break as well as in neritic zones under cooler water temperatures, whereas immature individuals foraged chiefly off coastal waters having more moderate temperatures.
Knowing habitat suitability and segregation patterns within‐species is key for the conservation of critical marine habitats given that, by only considering one age class, other important habitats would be neglected and not considered in conservation efforts to mitigate threats such as incidental mortality. It is important to include all age classes when studying patterns of associations with threats, such as fishing activity as a proxy of risk of bycatch, and for the development of Marine Protected Areas.
HSA over BSA: Selective detection of Human Serum Albumin via a naphtho [2,1‐b] furan‐based system
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anamika , Hazra Rituparna , Roy Durba , Bhattacharya Anupam 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) is an important biomarker that can be used for the early diagnosis of many diseases. In this work, a TICT probe bearing fused naphtho‐furan scaffold (NPNF) was developed and employed in the selective turn‐on sensing of HSA. The probe's selectivity towards HSA was observed using steady‐state fluorescence experiments, with limit of quantitation in micromolar levels. NPNF's capability to exclusively detect HSA over BSA was further studied/rationalized using anisotropy and time‐resolved studies. Molecular docking was used to shed light on the location of NPNF in the subdomain IB of HSA. The practical application of the probe was also demonstrated by the detection of HSA in urine and the HSA‐assisted detection of cerium.
Metal–organic framework‐supported hydroxyapatite (UiO‐66@HAp): an efficient catalyst for the microwave‐assisted transesterification of palm oil
Authors: Kalita Juri , Bharali Linkon , Chetia Bidisha , Chakraborty Debarati , Dhar Siddhartha Sankar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiodiesel has recently emerged as a renewable and environmentally benign fuel substitute for fossil‐derived energy sources. The use of heterogeneous solid catalysts for the generation of biodiesel from biomass‐derived fats and oils is sustainable. Among various reported catalyst supports, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been popular choices for enhancing catalytic activity for biodiesel synthesis because of several outstanding features including porosity, high surface area, adjustable structures, and uniform pore sizes. In this research, the authors synthesized a novel nanocomposite of MOF‐supported hydroxyapatite (UiO‐66@HAp) using a facile impregnation technique and the characterization of the as‐synthesized catalyst was performed by different spectroscopic methods including powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission gun‐scanning electron microscope (FEG‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption–desorption techniques. After successful synthesis, the catalytic property of the prepared material was evaluated in the palm oil transesterification into biodiesel. Product formation was confirmed by the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, 13C NMR, FTIR, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of the biodiesel. The influence of different reaction variables such as catalyst dosage, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature of the reaction, and reaction time was also studied. The outcomes revealed that the maximum biodiesel yield (∼97%) was obtained when 6 wt% catalyst was used with a 6:1 ratio of methanol/oil at 70 °C for 1 h. It was also observed that, even after 5 cycles of reuse, the catalyst was capable of producing significant amounts of biodiesel (over 90%). The results suggest that the synthesized novel catalyst holds a promising future in the sustainable production of biodiesel.
Consenting rather than choosing. A qualitative study on overseas patients' decision to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sarradon‐Eck Aline , Franchina Loreley , Arnault Yolande , Le Corroller Anne‐Gaëlle , Zunic Patricia , Marino Patricia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveReasons for patients' acceptance of the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) proposed and how their decision may be affected by the long distances involved have not been sufficiently investigated so far. We therefore conducted a qualitative study to identify the factors involved in overseas patients' decision to accept allo‐HSCT.MethodsIn‐depth semi‐directive interviews were conducted with overseas allo‐grafted patients (n = 22), as well as one non‐consenting patient and their caregivers (n = 24). Interviews were analyzed taking an inductive thematic approach.ResultsRespondents stated that their decision to undergo the transplantation was constrained by their feeling of being in a therapeutic impasse, the need for a survival strategy, the need to survive for their family's sake, family and doctors' pressures, and the feeling of being managed. The following factors favoring patients' acceptance were the medical information received, their faith, having a family donor, peer testimonies, and positive representations of the transplantation. Factors against patients' acceptance were geographical distance from home to the transplant center, apprehension of protective isolation, fear of dying, and representations of the graft.ConclusionsThese factors, such as patient's personal values and representations, need to be weighed up in order to adapt the information exchanged accordingly. Efforts are required to relieve patients' social isolation and improve the means of providing family support.
In‐Bridge Stereochemistry: A Determinant of Stapled Peptide Conformation and Activity
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Dong Suwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPeptide side chain stapling has been proven to be an effective strategy for fine‐tuning peptide properties. This innovative approach leads to the creation of stapled peptides characterized by stabilized α‐helical conformations, enhanced protein‐binding affinity, improved cell permeability, superior enzymatic stability, and numerous other advantages. Extensive research has explored the impact of various stapling bridges on the properties of these peptides, with limited investigation into the influence of bridge chirality, until very recently. In this concise review, we provide a brief overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the stereochemistry within the bridges of stapled peptides, offering insights into the potential applications of chiral bridges in the design and development of stapled peptides.
Cytomegalovirus colitis in immunocompetent hosts: A case report and literature review
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Shafiee Nahid , Moradi Maryam 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageRectal bleeding can manifest cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis even in immunocompetent patients, which can be cured with ganciclovir treatment.AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic virus widely affecting immunocompromised patients. Different manifestations varied from asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals to end organ involvement, such as colitis in those with immunodeficiency. Despite the rarity of CMV colitis in immunocompetent hosts, we should consider it when the other conditions have been excluded. In this article, we have described a case of CMV colitis in an immunocompetent host and have performed a literature review on this entity. An immunocompetent 70‐year‐old female was admitted to the hospital with recurrent rectal bleeding. After various evaluations including laboratory analysis, stool examination, and colonoscopy, we have detected superficial lesions. Pathology and polymerase chain reaction reports favored CMV involvement. Her condition continues to improve after intravenous ganciclovir infusion. Rectal bleeding can manifest CMV colitis even in immunocompetent patients, which can be cured with ganciclovir treatment.
Ventricular silent rupture leading to sudden death: Navigating diagnostic challenges in a resource‐constraint setting
Authors: Pallangyo Angela , Pyuza Jeremia J. , Nkya Gilbert , Amsi Patrick , Andongolile Alice , Makata Ahmed M. , Mremi Alex 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageVentricular myocardial rupture is a rare complication of myocardial infarction. It occurs within hours to weeks after an infarction. Mortality is high. Antemortem diagnosis is a challenge in low‐resource settings, leading to potential misdiagnosis.AbstractLeft ventricular myocardial rupture is a potentially fatal yet common complication in acute myocardial infarction patients. Rupture can occur as early as hours after an infarction. However, rupture may also occur later in the first week in the setting of myocardial necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration. Patients may survive several days to weeks before rupture occurs, and cardiac tamponade may present subacutely with a slow or repetitive clinical course. Sudden death can be attributed to ventricular rupture, more commonly during this time frame. Myocardial rupture can also occur as a result of trauma, infections, or cancer. Mortality is exceedingly high if surgical intervention is delayed. In most patients, myocardial rupture manifests as a catastrophic event within days of a first, small, uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Acute onset of shortness of breath, chest pain, shock, diaphoresis, unexplained emesis, cool and clammy skin, and syncope may herald the onset of ventricular septal rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Sudden death from myocardial rupture during acute myocardial infarction in patients with no apparent previous symptoms of myocardial ischemia represents a challenge for medical examiners, law enforcement officers, and society as a whole. An autopsy is critical for establishing the cause of death. We present the case of a 54‐year‐old male whose body was found beside the road after a trivial quarrel a day before. Further medical information about the deceased was not available. The preliminary cause of death was presumed to be traumatic. No evidence of trauma was seen during the autopsy. Massive pericardial blood collection compressing the heart and concealed left ventricular myocardial rupture were noted. Histopathological examination of the heart demonstrated myocardial infarction with a tear associated with bleeding that was contained in the pericardial sac. We ruled cardiac tamponade as the cause of death due to an infarcted myocardial rupture. Antemortem diagnosis of myocardial rupture can be challenging in low‐resource settings, leading to potential misdiagnosis and negative impacts such as community conflicts.
Research Advances in Rare Earth Oxide‐Based Catalysts for Soot Combustion
Authors: Ma Yaxiao , Guo Haoqi , Xiong Jing , Xu Linsheng , Wei Yuechang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEnvironmental issues exert a significant influence on the human life. Soot particles have attracted attention as a major source of pollution. Significant progress has been made in the research of efficient soot combustion catalysts. The distinctive bonding properties on the 4 f orbitals of rare earth elements exhibit excellent catalytic performance for soot combustion. This comprehensive review explores recent advancements in the design of catalysts based on rare earth oxides, with a specific focus on various catalytic materials (La‐based, Ce‐based, Pr‐based and other rare earth elements), synthesis methods, catalyst morphology, catalytic performance and the intricate mechanisms governing their performance in catalytic soot combustion. The activity and selectivity of different rare earth catalysts in various reaction atmospheres are also summarized in the article. Finally, the challenges associated with rare earth oxide‐based catalysts and their potential for future development in the soot combustion are highlighted. This review establishes a fundamental basis for the further design of catalytic materials that exhibit enhanced efficiency and stability.
High Entropy Materials for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Zhao Jing , Gao Shang , Wei Haoming , Wei Zhixuan , Du Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh entropy materials have garnered considerable attention recently as a class of materials with intricate stoichiometry, exhibiting high levels of entropy. These materials hold great promise as candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices due to their ideal regulation, good mechanical and physical properties and attractive synergy effects of multi‐elements. In this perspective, we provide an overview of high entropy materials used as anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes in rechargeable batteries, with insight into the materials’ structure‐property relationship and the influence on battery performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future perspectives of high entropy materials, emphasizing their crucial role in next‐generation batteries.
CBr4 as a Mild Oxidant‐Enabled Oxidation of a sp3 C−H Bond: A Facile Synthesis of the Persistent Iminium Salts of Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Chen Yuqin , Zhang Shuwei , Li Yuemei , Li Tong , Ma Qiyuan , Yuan Yu , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing CBr4 as a mild oxidant, the direct C−H bond oxidation of N‐aryltetrahydroisoquinolines was achieved, giving a series of the corresponding iminium salts in high yields under metal‐ and photo‐free reaction conditions. This reaction is superior in high yields and good functional group tolerance, and the late‐stage derivatization showed that these iminium salts can readily be applied to the synthesis of the functionalized THIQs.