bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic prescribing for adults with group A streptococcal bacteremia in a large healthcare system
Authors: Gillins David A. , Hutton Mary , Buckel Whitney R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Limited data exist regarding treatment of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections, including safety and efficacy of oral (PO) step-down therapy. We sought to describe current prescribing practices and clinical outcomes for patients with GAS bacteremia across a large health system, including a prespecified subset of patients who stepped down to PO antibiotics.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with a positive blood culture for GAS between July 2018 and July 2021. Primary outcomes included frequency of PO step-down, total duration of therapy, duration of intravenous (IV) therapy prior to PO switch, and antimicrobial selection. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), mortality, adverse events, and clinical failure leading to readmission within 90 days.

Results:
In total, 280 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 46.7% were stepped down to PO antibiotics. Median total duration of therapy was 15 days. Median duration of IV therapy prior to PO switch was 5 days. The predominant definitive antibiotic choice was a beta-lactam. Median LOS was 5 days. Ninety-day mortality was 16.7%. One patient developed an occluded line and one developed Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea within 90 days. Ninety-day readmission due to clinical failure was 12.5%. Among cases of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue source, mortality (6.1% vs 2.4%) and readmission (15.2% vs 16.9%) were similar between definitive IV and PO groups.

Conclusions:
Group A streptococcal bacteremia is a severe infection with a high readmission and mortality rate. Use of PO step-down therapy was common with similar readmission and mortality rates compared with definitive IV therapy.
Persistence of potential ST398 MSSA in outpatient settings among US veterans, 2010–2019
Authors: Carrel Margaret , Shi Qianyi , Hasegawa Shinya , Clore Gosia S. , David Michael Z. , Perencevich Eli N. , Smith Matthew , Goto Michihiko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Novel ST398 methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in the United States was first observed in New York City (2004–2007); its diffusion across the country resulted in changing treatment options. Utilizing outpatient antimicrobial susceptibility data from the Veterans Health Administration from 2010 to 2019, the spatiotemporal prevalence of potential ST398 MSSA is documented.
Development, implementation, and dissemination of operational innovations across the trial innovation network
Authors: Palm Marisha E. , Edwards Terri L. , Wieber Cortney , Kay Marie T. , Marion Eve , Boone Leslie , Nanni Angeline , Jones Michelle , Pham Eilene , Hildreth Meghan , Lane Karen , McBee Nichol , Benjamin Daniel K. , Bernard Gordon R. , Dean J. Michael , Dwyer Jamie P. , Ford Daniel E. , Hanley Daniel F. , Harris Paul A. , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Selker Harry P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Improving the quality and conduct of multi-center clinical trials is essential to the generation of generalizable knowledge about the safety and efficacy of healthcare treatments. Despite significant effort and expense, many clinical trials are unsuccessful. The National Center for Advancing Translational Science launched the Trial Innovation Network to address critical roadblocks in multi-center trials by leveraging existing infrastructure and developing operational innovations. We provide an overview of the roadblocks that led to opportunities for operational innovation, our work to develop, define, and map innovations across the network, and how we implemented and disseminated mature innovations.
Ecological relationships between coprophagous insects and livestock production: a review
Authors: Perri Daiana V. , Bruzzone Octavio , Easdale Marcos H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ecological function played by the coprophagous insects is an important issue in livestock production contexts. The role of this fauna, specially dung beetles, provides benefits to both rangelands and production performance. This interaction has been studied and reported in many scientific articles, in very different places and with diverse production contexts. However, a comprehensive review of the relationship between coprophagous insects and livestock production is still lacking. We reviewed the research studies on this topic during the past five decades, with a focus in Scarabaeidae taxon and livestock production, in order to identify further research priorities. We analysed 435 research articles. The main results were: (I) studies were mostly located in temperate broadleaf forest biome, whereas arid environments were less studied; (II)Production practices impactscategory was the most studied, for which the effects produced by antiparasitic products on the coprophagous insects (n= 93; 21% of total revised articles) was the topics with major number of articles. Followed wasBiologycategory (n= 69; 16%), then inEcosystem functioncategory the most frequent studies were on dung removal (n= 40; 9%), whereas in theEcosystem Servicescategory the most frequent studies were on biological control (n= 28; 6%); (III) Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and United States were the countries with most research articles. We identified some knowledge gaps on relevant ecological functions of this fauna, in relation to benefits to livestock production. There is a need for future research on nutrient cycling, bioturbation, effects on primary production and vegetation diversity.
High primary productivity in an Ediacaran shallow marine basin influenced by strong seasonal to perennial upwelling
Authors: Ansari A.H. , Pandey S.K. , Ahmad Shamim , Sharma Mukund , Govil Pawan , Chaddha Amritpal Singh , Sharma Anupam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA significant area of late Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian seafloor hosted a ferruginous to euxinic condition as a result of expanded primary productivity-driven pumping of organic matter into subsurface water column and weak water column mixing in the concomitant sea. However, the cause and extent of increased marine primary productivity during this time interval remain unknown. To estimate the primary productivity in a late Neoproterozoic sea, this study investigated the Sirbu Shale, Vindhyan Supergroup, for trace elements, organic carbon isotopes and total organic carbon (TOC). Among the trace elements, cadmium (Cd), known for extremely low concentration in crustal rocks but higher abundance in biogenic organic matter, was the key parameter in the palaeoproductivity estimation. The Cd enrichment in the Sirbu Shale samples is comparable to that in modern marine sediments of the oxygen minimum zones in Chilean margins, Arabian Sea and Gulf of California characterized by high primary productivity and seasonal upwelling. In terms of Cd enrichment, the lower section of the Sirbu Shale was deposited under suboxic conditions, while the upper section was deposited under a relatively less reducing condition. Cd/Mo ratios > 0.36 in the shale sample indicate that the palaeoproductivity was strongly influenced by the nutrient supply through sea-shelf upwelling. Using non-detrital enrichment of Cd in Sirbu Shale samples, we calculated that the TOC exported to the floor of Sirbu Shale palaeodepositional setting through primary productivity ranged from 0.71 to 10.16%.
Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) and Pristionchus nematodes in black truffle soils from Spain
Authors: Julià Ivan , Morton Ana , Garcia-del-Pino Fernando 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The European truffle beetle Leiodes cinnamomeus is the most important pest in black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations. Current control methods against it are inefficient, so entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) could play an important role in their population regulation due to their efficacy against many soil-dwelling insect pests. A survey of EPNs and Pristionchus nematodes was conducted in truffle soils of Spain, considering environmental and physical–chemical soil factors. A total of 164 soil samples were collected from forests, productive plantations and null-low productive plantations, representing three distinct black truffle-growing habitat types. EPNs were isolated from seven soil samples (4.3%); four nematodes were identified as Steinernema feltiae and three as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both species were sampled in three types of soil texture (loam, sandy loam or sandy clay loam), characterized by alkaline pH (7.5 to 8.5) and high organic matter (2.1–11.04%). The presence of these EPNs was influenced by habitat type and organic matter content. Pristionchus nematodes were isolated from truffle soil, around truffle fruit bodies and under the elytra of L. cinnamomeus, with Pristionchus maupasi being the most commonly identified species. No significant associations were found between environmental and soil factors and the occurrence of Pristionchus nematodes. These nematodes were found in alkaline soils (pH 7.75 to 8.7), across all seven sampled soil textures, with variable organic matter content (0.73%–5.92%). The ecological trends and the presence of Pristionchus may affect the occurrence of EPNs and their prospective use as biological control agents against L. cinnamomeus in black truffle plantations.
Prevalence and factors associated with the coexistence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among women of reproductive age in Guinea
Authors: Diakité Djiba , Sidibé Sidikiba , Kolié Fassou , Camara Facely , Camara Djiki Mounir , Kourouma Mory , Délamou Alexandre 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence and associated factors of the coexistence of overweight or obesity (OWOB) and anaemia among non-pregnant Guinean women aged 15–49 years.Design:The analysis was performed using data from the 2018 Guinean Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the coexistence of OWOB and anaemia (OWOB + anaemia) among non-pregnant Guinean women.Setting:GuineaParticipants:A total of 4783 non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years with valid data on the nutritional status (BMI and Hb level) were included in the analysis.Results:The prevalence of coexistence of OWOB and anaemia among non-pregnant women was 11·16 % (95% CI: 10·05, 12·37). The following variables were associated with OWOB + anaemia in multivariate models (adjusted OR (AOR) 95% CI): higher wealth index (AOR = 4·69; 95% CI: 2·62, 8·39), middle wealth index (AOR = 1·96; 95% CI: 1·31, 2·93), four or more antenatal visits (AOR = 1·62; CI: 1·16, 2·28), having four or more children (AOR = 2·47; 95% CI: 1·37, 4·43) and the rural areas (AOR = 0·59; 95% CI: 0·37, 0·95).Conclusion:The current study’s findings reveal that OWOB + anaemia concerned one-tenth of non-pregnant women. Associated factors were household wealth index, multiparity, antenatal visits and rural areas. Thus, there is a need to design specific interventions to prevent the double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age. Interventions should include promoting physical exercise, family planning, healthy eating and raising awareness of behavioural change.
Biophysics in tumor growth and progression: from single mechano-sensitive molecules to mechanomedicine
Authors: Xin Ying , Li Keming , Huang Miao , Liang Chenyu , Siemann Dietmar , Wu Lizi , Tan Youhua , Tang Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvidence from physical sciences in oncology increasingly suggests that the interplay between the biophysical tumor microenvironment and genetic regulation has significant impact on tumor progression. Especially, tumor cells and the associated stromal cells not only alter their own cytoskeleton and physical properties but also remodel the microenvironment with anomalous physical properties. Together, these altered mechano-omics of tumor tissues and their constituents fundamentally shift the mechanotransduction paradigms in tumorous and stromal cells and activate oncogenic signaling within the neoplastic niche to facilitate tumor progression. However, current findings on tumor biophysics are limited, scattered, and often contradictory in multiple contexts. Systematic understanding of how biophysical cues influence tumor pathophysiology is still lacking. This review discusses recent different schools of findings in tumor biophysics that have arisen from multi-scale mechanobiology and the cutting-edge technologies. These findings range from the molecular and cellular to the whole tissue level and feature functional crosstalk between mechanotransduction and oncogenic signaling. We highlight the potential of these anomalous physical alterations as new therapeutic targets for cancer mechanomedicine. This framework reconciles opposing opinions in the field, proposes new directions for future cancer research, and conceptualizes novel mechanomedicine landscape to overcome the inherent shortcomings of conventional cancer diagnosis and therapies.
Regional reemergence of a SARS-CoV-2 Delta lineage amid an Omicron wave detected by wastewater sequencing
Authors: Haver Auke , Theijn Rick , Grift Ivo D. , Raaijmakers Gino , Poorter Elsa , Laros Jeroen F. J. , van Dissel Jaap T. , Lodder Willemijn J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe implementation and integration of wastewater-based epidemiology constitutes a valuable addition to existing pathogen surveillance systems, such as clinical surveillance for SARS-CoV-2. In the Netherlands, SARS-CoV-2 variant circulation is monitored by performing whole-genome sequencing on wastewater samples. In this manuscript, we describe the detection of an AY.43 lineage (Delta variant) amid a period of BA.5 (Omicron variant) dominance in wastewater samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during the months of August and September of 2022. Our results describe a temporary emergence, which was absent in samples from other WWTPs, and which coincided with peaks in viral load. We show how these lineage estimates can be traced back to lineage-specific substitution patterns. The absence of this variant from reported clinical data, but high associated viral loads suggest cryptic transmission. Our findings highlight the additional value of wastewater surveillance for generating insights into circulating pathogens.
Efficient ship noise classification with positive incentive noise and fused features using a simple convolutional network
Authors: Lin Xu , Dong Ruichun , Zhao Yuqing , Wang Rui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractShip noise analysis is a critical area of research in hydroacoustic remote sensing due to its practical implications in identifying ship direction, type, and even specific ship identities. However, the limited availability of data poses challenges in developing accurate ship noise classification models. Previous studies have mainly focused on small-sample learning approaches, resulting in complex network structures. Nonetheless, underwater robots often have limited computing power, making it essential to develop simpler recognition networks. In this paper, we address the issue of data scarcity by introducing positive incentive noise. We propose a CNN-based hydroacoustic signal recognition method that achieves comparable or superior performance to previous studies, using a simple network structure as a back-end decision system. We describe the feature extraction process using a dataset with added noise and compare the performance of various features. Additionally, we compare our proposed method with previous studies. Experimental results demonstrate that simple neural networks can achieve high performance and excellent generalizability without the need for complex network structures like adversarial learning models.
Examining the Impact of Inlet Shape on Nasal Cavity Flow Field: A Computational Investigation
Authors: Trnka Filip , Schmirlerová Hana , Májovský Martin , Netuka David , Schmirler Michal 
Published: October 2023

In numerical calculations, entrance lengths and volumes upstream of the control volume are commonly used to steady the flow and obtain more accurate results.
This paper discusses the effect of the geometrical shape of the inlet on the results of the flow field. The study presents the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of a real model of nasal cavity created from CT images of one patient. Furthermore, the spherical and cubic volume in front of the nostril entrance is modeled. Within the results, the flow fields are observed in planes across the entire sinus from the nostrils up to the nasopharynx. The resulting flow fields from all the three models are compared with each other. The effect of the geometric shape before the entrance to the nostrils is discussed considering the model without the modeled volume.
The model created from the CT data of one patient was modified in CAD software to create differently shaped volumes in front of the nostrils. The CFD calculations were performed using Ansys Fluent 2021 R1 software.
Prävention eines Progresses des allergischen Asthma bronchiale als Berufskrankheit
Authors: Frei-Stuber Ludwig , Wächter Annabelle , Benthaus Tobias , Ochmann Uta , Nowak Dennis 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit 01.01.2021 entfällt in Deutschland bei allen Berufskrankheiten (BKen), die zur Anerkennung eine Tätigkeitsaufgabe erforderten, der Unterlassungszwang. Betroffen hiervon ist auch die BK Nr. 4301 gemäß Anlage 1 der Berufskrankheiten-Verordnung (BKV) (durch allergisierende Stoffe verursachte obstruktive Atemwegserkrankungen). Hierbei ist es bereits zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der BK-Anerkennungen gekommengekommen, der jedoch seit 2022 wieder regredient war. In diesem Artikel stellen wir 2 Patienten mit allergischem (beim zweiten Fallbericht gemischtförmigem) Asthma bronchiale vor, bei denen es infolge einer fortgesetzten beruflichen Allergenexposition als Landwirt zu einem medizinisch leicht vermeidbaren Krankheitsprogress gekommen ist. Gemäß § 3 (1) BKV besteht bei der „Gefahr, dass eine Berufskrankheit entsteht, wiederauflebt oder sich verschlimmert“ für die gesetzlichen Unfallversicherungsträger die Pflicht, „dieser Gefahr mit allen geeigneten Mitteln entgegenzuwirken“. Auch wenn diese individuellen Präventionsmaßnahmen bereits bei drohender BK gesetzlich verpflichtend und medizinisch sinnvoll sind, dürften diese wegen vermehrter BK-Anerkennungen in Zukunft häufiger indiziert sein und angeboten werden. Ungünstige Verläufe, wie sie in den beiden hier vorgestellten Kasuistiken erläutert werden, sollten somit zukünftig seltener vorkommen.
New Lupanes from Alstonia scholaris Reducing Uric Acid Level
Authors: Hu Bin-Yuan , Zhao Yun-Li , Xu Yuan , Wang Xiao-Na , Luo Xiao-Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTwelve lupanes including three new compounds named alstoscholarilups A−C (1–3) were isolated from the leaves of Alstonia scholaris. Their structures were elucidated by
spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculation. Structurally, compound 1 with a rare A ring-seco skeleton formed lactone and degraded C-3, while 2 with a 28-nor and 3
with a 29-nor-lupane skeleton supported the phytochemical diversity and novelty of the plant. Pharmacologically, compounds 4, 7, and 10 reduced the serum uric acid (UA)
levels of mice significantly.
Chiral Betaine-Mediated Efficient Organocatalytic Asymmetric Isomerization of β,γ-Unsaturated Butenolides
Authors: Zeng Yiqun , Fei Chao , Luo Jisheng , Deng Li , Zhou Xiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn asymmetric isomerization of β,γ-unsaturated butenolides with a newly developed betaine catalyst at a 0.2–2 mol% loading, an improvement upon available methods that use 0.5–2.0 mol% catalyst.
One right can make a left: sentence processing in the right hemisphere after perinatal stroke
Authors: Martin Kelly C , Seydell-Greenwald Anna , Turkeltaub Peter E , Chambers Catherine E , Giannetti Margot , Dromerick Alexander W , Carpenter Jessica L , Berl Madison M , Gaillard William D , Newport Elissa L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When brain regions that are critical for a cognitive function in adulthood are irreversibly damaged at birth, what patterns of plasticity support the successful development of that function in an alternative location? Here we investigate the consistency of language organization in the right hemisphere (RH) after a left hemisphere (LH) perinatal stroke. We analyzed fMRI data collected during an auditory sentence comprehension task on 14 people with large cortical LH perinatal arterial ischemic strokes (left hemisphere perinatal stroke (LHPS) participants) and 11 healthy sibling controls using a “top voxel” approach that allowed us to compare the same number of active voxels across each participant and in each hemisphere for controls. We found (1) LHPS participants consistently recruited the same RH areas that were a mirror-image of typical LH areas, and (2) the RH areas recruited in LHPS participants aligned better with the strongly activated LH areas of the typically developed brains of control participants (when flipped images were compared) than the weakly activated RH areas. Our findings suggest that the successful development of language processing in the RH after a LH perinatal stroke may in part depend on recruiting an arrangement of frontotemporal areas reflective of the typical dominant LH.
HMCLab: a framework for solving diverse geophysical inverse problems using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method
Authors: Zunino Andrea , Gebraad Lars , Ghirotto Alessandro , Fichtner Andreas 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARY
The use of the probabilistic approach to solve inverse problems is becoming more popular in the geophysical community, thanks to its ability to address nonlinear forward problems and to provide uncertainty quantification. However, such strategy is often tailored to specific applications and therefore there is a need for common platforms to solve different geophysical inverse problems and showing potential and pitfalls of the methodology. In this work, we demonstrate a common framework within which it is possible to solve such inverse problems ranging from, for example, earthquake source location to potential field data inversion and seismic tomography. This allows us to fully address nonlinear problems and to derive useful information about the subsurface, including uncertainty estimation. This approach can, in fact, provide probabilities related to certain properties or structures of the subsurface, such as histograms of the value of some physical property, the expected volume of buried geological bodies or the probability of having boundaries defining different layers. Thanks to its ability to address high-dimensional problems, the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm has emerged as the state-of-the-art tool for solving geophysical inverse problems within the probabilistic framework. HMC requires the computation of gradients, which can be obtained by adjoint methods. This unique combination of HMC and adjoint methods is what makes the solution of tomographic problems ultimately feasible. These results can be obtained with ‘HMCLab’, a numerical laboratory for solving a range of different geophysical inverse problems using sampling methods, focusing in particular on the HMC algorithm. HMCLab consists of a set of samplers (HMC and others) and a set of geophysical forward problems. For each problem its misfit function and gradient computation are provided and, in addition, a set of prior models can be combined to inject additional information into the inverse problem. This allows users to experiment with probabilistic inverse problems and also address real-world studies. We show how to solve a selected set of problems within this framework using variants of the HMC algorithm and analyse the results. HMCLab is provided as an open source package written both in Python and Julia, welcoming contributions from the community.