bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immortalization of human dental papilla, dental pulp, periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts by telomerase reverse transcriptase
Authors: Kamata Nobuyuki , Fujimoto Ryoichi , Tomonari Mayumi , Taki Masayuki , Nagayama Masaru , Yasumoto Shigeru 
Published: July 2004

Background:  Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is catalytic subunit of human telomerase.Methods:  We studied the immortalization of a series of human dental and periodontal cells by ectopic expression of hTERT and co‐expression of hTERT with human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) or simian virus 40 (SV40). Differentiation abilities of the established cell lines were studied in terms of the mineralized matrix formation and gene expression.Results:  We established immortalized gingival fibroblasts by hTERT, dental papilla and periodontal ligament cells by hTERT and HPV16, and pulp cells by hTERT and SV40. The papilla and pulp cells showed mineralization and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression when cultured in the presence of β‐glycerophosphate. The immortalized periodontal ligament cells did not show mineralization or DSPP expression, although expressions of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin were detected.Conclusions:  These cell lines will be useful tools for studying the repair and regeneration of dental and periodontal tissues and various diseases including odontogenic tumors.
Functional genotype in matrix metalloproteinases‐2 promoter is a risk factor for oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Lin Shu‐Chun , Lo Su‐Shun , Liu Chung‐Ji , Chung Ming‐Yi , Huang Jen‐Wu , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: July 2004

Background:  Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) can degrade extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and play an important role in the development and progression of multiple carcinomas, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A −1306C→T polymorphism in the MMP‐2 promoter disrupts Sp1‐binding site, and results in reduction of transcriptional activity. This study aimed to assess the association of such genotype with the risk of OSCC and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), which is a precancerous condition that exhibits excessive collagen production and etiologically links to areca use.Methods:  Genomic DNA from the blood samples of 121 OSCC cases, 58 OSF cases and 147 controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) analysis for genotyping. The OSCC were further classified into buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and non‐buccal squamous cell carcinoma (NBSCC), according to the site of involvement. Fisher's exact test and unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.Results:  Subjects carrying CC genotype had nearly twofold increased risk for developing OSCC when comparing with CT or TT genotype. Subjects carrying CC genotype had more apparent risk (greater than fourfold) for developing NBSCC. However, no increase in risk for lymph node metastasis or advanced stage was identified in OSCC cases carrying such genotype. Preliminarily data suggest no significant association between subjects carrying CC genotype and the development of BSCC or OSF.Conclusion:  This is the first paper demonstrating that functional genotype of MMP‐2 promoter is a risk factor for oral carcinogenesis, particularly for the subsets occurring on non‐buccal site.
Mitotic proliferation of myoepithelial cells during regeneration of atrophied rat submandibular glands after duct ligation
Authors: Takahashi S. , Shinzato K. , Domon T. , Yamamoto T. , Wakita M. 
Published: July 2004

Background:  The purpose of the present study was to elucidate whether myoepithelial cells proliferate mitotically during regeneration of rat submandibular glands after atrophy.Methods:  The excretory duct of the right submandibular gland of rats was doubly ligated near the hilum with metal clips, which were removed after 7 days of ligation (day 0). The regenerating right submandibular glands were removed from 0 to 14 days after removal of the clips. The removed tissue was examined with immunohistochemical double staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker of proliferating cells and actin as a marker of myoepithelial cells, as well as with transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results:  The PCNA‐positive myoepithelial cells were observed at the periphery of transitional duct‐acinar structures, ducts and acini in the regenerating glands at every time‐point, and the PCNA‐labeling index of myoepithelial cells increased greatly especially between day 2 and 4. The mitosis of myoepithelial cell was also identified by TEM at day 4.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that myoepithelial cells are able to proliferate mitotically during regeneration of rat submandibular gland.
Associations of smoking prevalence with individual and area level social cohesion
Authors: Patterson Joan M , Eberly Lynn E , Ding Yingmei , Hargreaves Margaret 
Published: July 2004

Study objective:To discover if area level social cohesion, neighbourhood safety, and home safety are associated with current cigarette smoking among adults after adjustment for concentrations of poverty and low education.Design:Cross sectional survey of a random sample of adults, stratified by 19 geographical areas.Setting:SHAPE, Survey of the Health of Adults, the Population, and the Environment—conducted in 1998 by the Hennepin County Community Health Department and the Minneapolis Department of Health and Family Support in Minnesota.Participants:5256 men and 4806 women, 18 years and older, randomly selected from 19 geographical areas in an urban county.Main results:Overall, 21.2% of survey respondents reported current cigarette smoking. Both higher area level social cohesion (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.98) and higher individual social cohesion (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92 to 0.99) were associated with lower likelihoods of smoking. Similar models were obtained for neighbourhood safety and home safety.Conclusions:These findings contribute to the growing literature on the important role of social cohesion and other area level characteristics on smoking behaviour among adults.
Can cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle explain the educational inequalities in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and from other heart diseases? 26 year follow up of 50 000 Norwegian men and women
Authors: Strand Bjørn Heine , Tverdal Aage 
Published: July 2004

Objective:Investigate the degree to which smoking, physical activity, marital status, BMI, blood pressure, and cholesterol explain the association between educational level and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality and other forms of cardiovascular mortality, with main focus on IHD mortality.Design:Prospective health examination survey study conducted in the period 1974–78.Setting:Oppland, Sogn og Fjordane, and Finnmark counties in Norway.Participants:The sample comprised 22 712 men and 21 972 women, aged 35–49 at screening. The subjects were followed up with respect to mortality throughout year 2000.Main results:4342 men and 2164 women died during the follow up, 1343 men and 258 women of IHD. IHD mortality risk was higher for people with low education compared with people with high education, and people with low education had more adverse risk factors. After adjustment for smoking the IHD mortality relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence limits, in the low educational group decreased from 1.33 (1.18 to 1.50) to 1.16 (1.03 to 1.31) for men, and from 1.72 (1.23 to 2.41) to 1.58 (1.13 to 2.22) for women. Further adjustment for physical activity, marital status, BMI, blood pressure, and cholesterol reduced the RR to 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17) for men and 1.24 (0.88 to 1.75) for women.Conclusions:Unfavourable cardiovascular risk factors and high IHD mortality are more prevalent among less educated than their highly educated peers. After simultaneous adjustment for all recorded risk factors, the excess IHD mortality in the low educational groups was reduced by 91% for men and 67% for women.
Phase III Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Compared With Chemotherapy Alone in the Surgical Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer: Results of Intergroup Protocol 0130
Authors: Martenson James A. , Willett Christopher G. , Sargent Daniel J. , Mailliard James A. , Donohue John H. , Gunderson Leonard L. , Thomas Charles R. , Fisher Barbara , Benson Al Bowen , Myerson Robert , Goldberg Richard M. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose Some patients with colon cancer have a high risk of local recurrence postoperatively. This trial was undertaken to determine whether radiation therapy added to an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen improves outcome in high-risk patients. Patients and Methods Patients with resected colon cancer with tumor adherence or invasion of surrounding structures, or with T3N1 or T3N2 tumors of the ascending or descending colon were randomly assigned to receive fluorouracil and levamisole therapy with or without radiation therapy. Patients who received chemotherapy and radiation therapy (chemoRT) received 45 to 50.4 Gy in 25 to 28 fractions beginning 28 days after starting chemotherapy. Patient enrollment was terminated because of slow accrual after 222 patients enrolled (original goal was 700 patients); 187 patients were assessable. Results Overall 5-year survival was 62% for chemotherapy patients and 58% for chemoRT patients (P > .50); 5-year disease-free survival was 51% for both groups (P > .50). Toxicity (≥ grade 3) occurred in 42% of chemotherapy patients and 54% of chemoRT patients (P = .04). Leukopenia (≥ grade 3) occurred in 10% of chemotherapy patients and 22% of chemoRT patients (P = .02). No significant difference in nonhematologic toxicity (≥ grade 3) was observed between chemoRT and chemotherapy patients (35% v 44%; P = .26). Conclusion Patients who received chemotherapy or chemoRT had similar overall survival and disease-free survival. Toxicity was higher among chemoRT patients. These results must be interpreted with caution because of the high number of ineligible patients and the limited power of the study to detect potentially meaningful differences.
Phase I Study of an Immunomodulatory Thalidomide Analog, CC-4047, in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Schey S.A. , Fields P. , Bartlett J.B. , Clarke I.A. , Ashan G. , Knight R.D. , Streetly M. , Dalgleish A.G. 
Published: July 2004

PurposeTo assess the safety, efficacy, and immunomodulatory effects of CC-4047 (Actimid; Celgene, San Diego, CA) in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma.Patients and MethodsTwenty-four relapsed or refractory patients were treated with a dose-escalating regimen of oral CC-4047. Clinical responses and adverse effects were identified, and peripheral T-cell subsets, serum cytokines, and proangiogenic factors were evaluated.ResultsCC-4047 was tolerated with no serious nonhematologic adverse events. All patients were eligible for analysis. Toxicity criteria during the initial 4 weeks of study were used to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). During this period, one patient withdrew with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) probably caused by an undiagnosed primary melanoma with lymphadenopathy in the groin, one patient withdrew because of progressive disease (PD), and three patients discontinued with neutropenia. Nineteen of 24 patients continued on treatment beyond 4 weeks to PD or development of a serious adverse event. Three further patients developed a DVT at 4, 9, and 11 months. Treatment resulted in a greater than 25% reduction in paraprotein in 67% of patients, 13 patients (54%) experienced a greater than 50% reduction in paraprotein, and four (17%) of 24 patients entered complete remission. The MTD was 2 mg/d. All patients showed increased CD45RO expression on CD4+and CD8+cells, with a concomitant decrease in CD45RA+cells. CC-4047 treatment was associated with significantly increased serum interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and IL-12 levels, which is consistent with activation of T cells and monocytes and macrophages.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of CC-4047. The MTD of CC-4047 orally was 2 mg/d. This is the first report demonstrating in vivo T-cell costimulation by this class of compound, supporting a potential role for CC-4047 as an immunostimulatory adjuvant treatment.
Self‐Consistent Hybrid Method: Theory and Applications to Ultrafast Electron Transfer Reactions in Condensed Phases
Authors: Wang Haobin , Thoss Michael 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe self‐consistent hybrid method is an efficient approach for simulating quantum dynamics in complex systems. In this method, the overall system is partitioned into a core and a reservoir. The former is treated via a numerically exact quantum mechanical method and the latter is treated via a more approximate approach. An iterative convergence procedure is then introduced to systematically improve the accuracy of the result for the overall quantum dynamics. In this article, we review the methodological development and practical implementations of the self‐consistent hybrid method, as well as its applications to the study of ultrafast electron transfer reactions in condensed phases.
Quantum Rate Constant Calculations for Polyatomic Reactions
Authors: Huarte‐Larrañaga Fermín , Manthe Uwe 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
In this paper we review an efficient method for the accurate quantum mechanical (QM) calculation of thermal rate constant. The approach employs flux correlation functions to directly calculate the thermal rate constant, without having to perform a full reactive scattering calculation. All quantum effects such as tunneling or zero point energy are correctly included. This method provides therefore a rigorous quantum description of the reactive process. The combination of the flux correlation function formalism with the MultiConfigurational Time Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) wave packet scheme has given a tool capable of accurately simulating the dynamics of polyatomic reactions. In this article, the theoretical outlines of the methodology are given together with some explanatory examples and applications that illustrate its potentiality in the field of polyatomic reaction dynamics.
Pneumatic conveying of granular solids in horizontal and inclined pipes
Authors: Zhu Kewu , Wong Chun Kit , Madhusudana Rao S. , Wang Chi‐Hwa 
Published: July 2004

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pneumatic conveying of granular solids through an inclined pipe at different inclinations. Model predictions agreed reasonably well with the measurements reported by Tsuji and Morikawa in 1982 for mean gas and solids velocities. The results of influence of model parameters, inclination angle, and feeding conditions on the flow patterns were also reported. Particle–wall collisions were found to have a very significant effect on the solids distribution over the cross section of the conveying tube for large particles. Upon introducing finite‐amplitude sinusoidal fluctuations in the gas velocity at the inlet of the pipe, solids density waves were observed to move along the conveying line with significant axial dispersions. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1729–1745, 2004
Measurement of granular temperature and stresses in risers
Authors: Tartan Mehmet , Gidaspow Dimitri 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDetailed experimental velocity, particle concentration, and stresses for flow of particles in a vertical pipe, riser are needed for verification of various CFD models for multiphase flow. This is the principle‐unsolved task of the Fluid Dynamics Multiphase Flow Consortium, organized by Dow Chemical Company. This study provides such information for flow of 530 μm glass beads in the fully developed flow region of a 7 m symmetric riser with a splash plate. Instantaneous particle‐velocity distributions were obtained using a particle velocity imaging technique, and a probe inserted into the riser, while the particle concentrations were measured with a gamma‐ray densitometer. Time‐averaged particle‐velocity distributions can be well represented by a parabolic‐ velocity distribution, with the mean velocity obtained from flux divided by the measured bulk density. The flow is very anisotropic. The radial granular‐temperature profiles agree with an analytical expression similar to the thermal‐temperature distribution in Poiseuille flow with viscous heat generation. A numerical solution for the standard isotropic model developed shows that the approximations made in the analytical solutions are reasonable. In the core, the normal Reynolds stresses are much smaller than the velocity averaged particle stresses, whereas near the wall the time averaged normal Reynolds stresses are large. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1760–1775, 2004
Aerated vibrofluidization of silica nanoparticles
Authors: Nam Caroline H. , Pfeffer Robert , Dave Rajesh N. , Sundaresan Sankaran 
Published: July 2004

AbstractVigorous homogeneous fluidization of 12‐nm silica particles was easily achieved by coupling aeration with vibration. Vibration (with frequency in the range of 30 to 200 Hz, and vibrational acceleration in the range of 0 to 5 g) was found to be necessary to achieve smooth fluidization. The minimum fluidization velocity, defined as the lowest gas velocity at which the pressure drop across the bed reaches a plateau, was approximately 0.3–0.4 cm/s, and essentially independent of the vibrational acceleration. However, the bed expanded almost immediately after the air was turned on, reaching bed expansions of three times the initial bed height or higher. Thus the bed appeared to exhibit a fluidlike behavior at velocities much lower than the minimum fluidization velocity. Fluidization of nanoparticles was achieved as a result of the formation of stable, relatively large, and very porous agglomerates. Practically no bubbles or elutriation of particles was observed. A fractal analysis combined with a modified Richardson–Zaki approach is proposed for prediction of agglomerate size and voidage. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1776–1785, 2004
Analytical treatment of fragmentation‐diffusion population balance
Authors: Kostoglou M. , Karabelas Anastasios J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe quest for advanced models to realistically simulate various processes involving populations of “particles” (aerosols, dispersions of all kinds, minerals, cultures of microorganisms) necessitates the extension of the classical population balance formulation, which is of zero dimension (lumped) in external and one‐dimensional (1‐D) (single particle‐characterization variable) in internal coordinate space, to more dimensions in both spaces. In order to contribute in this direction, this work is focused on a spatially distributed fragmentation equation, the spatial nonuniformity being governed by a diffusion mechanism and by deposition of particles on solid boundaries. The combined effect of diffusion and fragmentation on the particle‐size distribution is of interest here. The linear form of the fragmentation‐diffusion equation allows a convenient analytical manipulation, based on decomposition of solutions in spatial and temporal modes. Generalized solutions are derived for the above equation for arbitrary spatial domains, fragmentation functions, deposition rates and particle sources. The above approach can be combined with the well‐known approaches for the numerical solution of the lumped fragmentation equation to derive solutions for the fragmentation‐diffusion equation under arbitrary conditions. This study, as a first step, is restricted to obtaining explicit results for some rather simple cases, for example, power law fragmentation and deposition rates, fragmentation in equal sizes and simple shapes of the domain under consideration. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1746–1759, 2004
On the reliability of recent tests of the Out of Africa hypothesis for modern human origins
Authors: Bräuer Günter , Collard Mark , Stringer Chris 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper we critique two recent studies that have been claimed to disprove the Out of Africa hypothesis for modern human origins (Hawks et al., 2000; Wolpoff et al., 2001). We show that the test prediction employed by Hawks et al. (2000) and Wolpff et al. (2001) is not relevant to many versions of the Out of Africa hypothesis, and that the key specimens they used are problematic in terms of morphological representativeness. We also show that there are significant problems with the character state datasets employed in the studies. Lastly, we highlight evidence that the main method used in the studies (pairwise difference analysis) is not reliable when applied to the type of data employed by Hawks et al. (2000) and Wolpoff et al. (2001). In view of the foregoing, we contend that Hawks et al.'s (2000) and Wolpoff et al.'s (2001) claim to have disproved the Out of Africa hypothesis cannot be sustained. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of calcitonin gene‐related peptide at the neuromuscular junction of mdx mice
Authors: Marques Maria Julia , Minatel Elaine , Guimarães Alessandra Oliveira , Neto Humberto Santo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn normal skeletal muscle, the protein dystrophin is associated with plasma membrane glycoproteins and may be involved in the stabilization of the sarcolemma. Mutant mdx mice are markedly deficient in dystrophin and show muscle fiber necrosis followed by regeneration. Changes in the distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) have been reported at the neuromuscular junction of mdx mice possibly as a result of alterations in the release or response to neural trophic factors. One such factor is calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), which has been implicated in AChR synthesis and function. In this study, we used rhodamine‐α‐bungarotoxin and anti‐CGRP IgG FITC to study AChR and CGRP distribution at the neuromuscular junction of mdx mice. Using laser scanning fluorescence confocal microscopy, it was possible to see that CGRP‐like immunoreactivity had a presynaptic distribution, covering the AChRs. Thirty‐four percent of dystrophic junctions were found to be labeled with CGRP compared to 80% of control endplates. Since CGRP‐positive and ‐negative fibers showed similar changes in AChR distribution, it is suggested that CGRP is probably not directly involved in the altered pattern of AChR seen in dystrophin‐deficient muscle fibers of mdx mice. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bodenaustausch als Hilfsmaßnahme beim Schildvortrieb
Authors: Flath Thomas 
Published: July 2004

AbstractEine sichere und wirtschaftliche Methode zur Herstellung von sog. Dichtblöcken beim Schildvortrieb ist das Bodenaustausch‐Verfahren. Mit Dichtblöcken ist die Ein‐ und Ausfahrt von Vortriebsschilden mit aktiver Ortsbruststützung aus bzw. in Baugruben möglich. Aufgrund der vorhandenen Stahlbewehrung in Baugrubenwänden müssen hierzu die Durchfahröffnungen vorab manuell ausgebrochen werden. In diesem Bauzustand verschließen Dichtblöcke die Öffnung und tragen die vorhandenen Erd‐ und Wasserdrucklasten über Gewölbetragwirkung ab.Dichtblöcke bestehen aus unbewehrtem Magerbeton.Eine weitere Anwendung von Dichtblöcken ist die Erstellung von Stützkörpern an der Ortsbrust zur Inspektion und Wartung der Abbaukammer unter Druckluft auch bei besonders schwierigen geologischen Randbedingungen.Dichtblöcke im Bodenaustausch‐Verfahren können aus Unterwasserbeton in speziellen Baugruben, aus Reihen von überschnittenen Bohrpfählen oder Schlitzwandlamellen und in geböschten Baugruben mit Grundwasserabsperrung erstellt werden.Der nachfolgende Bericht beschreibt Ausführungsbeispiele für den lokalen Bodenaustausch bei Schildvortrieben.