bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil: a study on the effectiveness of foliar and soil applied zinc
Authors: Khan Farhat Ullah , Khan Adnan Anwar , Qu Yuanyuan , Zhang Qi , Adnan Muhammad , Fahad Shah , Gul Fatima , Ismail Muhammad , Saud Shah , Hassan Shah , Xu Xuexuan 
Published: November 2023

Cultivation of high-yield varieties and unbalanced fertilization have induced micronutrient deficiency in soils worldwide. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and its deficiency is most common in alkaline and calcareous soils. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn applied either alone or in combination with foliar application on the quality and production of wheat grown in alkaline soils. Zn was applied in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSo4) to the soil and as a foliar spray during the sowing and tillering stages, respectively. Results showed that Zn fertilization of wheat, irrespective of modes of application, significantly increased grain and biological yield, grain per spike, and 1,000 grains weight over control; however, its effect was more noticeable when applied as 7.5 kg ha−1of soil Zn combined with foliar Zn at 2.5 kg ha−1. Zn application significantly increased the grain protein content from 9.40% in the control to a maximum of 11.83% at soil Zn of 10 kg ha−1. Similarly, Zn application improved Zn, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations in wheat grains. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the grain Zn concentration was positively correlated with the grain P concentration. The correlation between P concentration in wheat grains and 1,000 grain weight was not significant. A total of 1,000 grains weight was positively correlated with tillers per plant, grain yield, and biological yield. There were positive correlations between protein content, biological yield, grain yield, and tillers per plant. Therefore, soil-applied Zn + foliar application in alkaline soils with limited Zn availability is crucial for improving wheat yield and grain quality.
Mid‐IR Light‐Activatable Full Spectrum LaB6 Plasmonic Photocatalyst
Authors: Hwang Kuo Chu , Banerjee Payal , Shanmugam Munusamy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysts as long‐lasting, benign reagents for disinfection of bacteria in hospitals and public areas/facilities/transportation vehicles are strongly needed. A common limitation for all existing semiconductor photocatalysts is the requirement of activation by external UV–vis‐near‐infrared (NIR) light with wavelengths shorter than ≈1265 nm. None of the existing photocatalysts can function during nighttime in the absence of external light. Herein, an unprecedented LaB6 plasmonic photocatalyst is reported, which can absorb UV–vis‐NIR light and mid‐IR (3900 nm) light to split water and generate hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals for the decomposition of organic pollutants, as well as kill multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli bacteria. Mid‐IR light (≈2–50 µm) is readily available from the natural environments via thermal radiation of warm/hot objects on the earth including human bodies, animals, furnances, hot/warm electrical devices, and buildings.
Percutaneous coronary intervention for ventricular fibrillation in the setting of an anomalous right coronary artery
Authors: Saleh Danish , Cantey Eric P. , Marogi Emily P. , Freed Benjamin H. , Knight Bradley P. , de Freitas Roger A. , Sweis Ranya N. , Flaherty James D. 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageWe present a case of a quadriplegic male who developed ventricular fibrillation associated with an anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery. Successful revascularization was achieved with percutaneous coronary intervention. This case highlights the application of an unconventional approach to resolve ischemia in a patient with prohibitive surgical risk.
Adult's Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case report
Authors: Sun Yi , Yao Han , Yu Xiaofeng , Chen Yunzhao , Chai Chen 
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical MessageAdult's Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare and life‐threatening condition characterized by atypical initial symptoms and rapid disease progression. To facilitate early diagnosis and prompt treatment, it is imperative to implement early multidisciplinary intervention and prioritize pathogen detection, as these measures significantly contribute to enhancing patient prognosis.
Plant diversity and soil legacy independently affect the plant metabolome and induced responses following herbivory
Authors: Ristok Christian , Eisenhauer Nico , Weinhold Alexander , van Dam Nicole M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlant and soil biodiversity can have significant effects on herbivore resistance mediated by plant metabolites. Here, we disentangled the independent effects of plant diversity and soil legacy on constitutive and herbivore‐induced plant metabolomes of three plant species in two complementary microcosm experiments. First, we grew plants in sterile soil with three different plant diversity levels. Second, single plant species were grown on soil with different plant diversity‐induced soil legacies. We infested a subset of all plants with Spodoptera exigua larvae, a generalist leaf‐chewing herbivore, and assessed foliar and root metabolomes. Neither plant diversity nor soil legacy had significant effects on overall foliar, root, or herbivore‐induced metabolome composition. Herbivore‐induced metabolomes, however, differed from those of control plants. We detected 139 significantly regulated metabolites by comparing plants grown in monocultures with conspecifics growing in plant or soil legacy mixtures. Moreover, plant–plant and plant–soil interactions regulated 141 metabolites in herbivore‐induced plants. Taken together, plant diversity and soil legacy independently alter the concentration and induction of plant metabolites, thus affecting the plant's defensive capability. This is a first step toward disentangling plant and soil biodiversity effects on herbivore resistance, thereby improving our understanding of the mechanisms that govern ecosystem functioning.
Tyloxapol and nanoliposomes induce selective delivery of 5‐fluorouracil into hepatic tissues via VLDL/LDL‐mediated pathway
Authors: Harisa Gamaleldin I. , Alanazi Saleh A. , Badran Mohamed M. , Sherif Abdelrahman Y. , AlQahtani Saeed A. , Alanazi Fars K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to enhance the hepatic targeting of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) by tyloxapol (TYL) and nanoliposomes to promote drug efficacy and safety. The lipophilicity of 5‐FU was increased by cholesterol conjugation (5‐FUC). Nanoliposomes were prepared, characterized, and loaded with 5‐FU and 5‐FUC and injected into TYL‐treated male Wistar albino rats. After 4 h, LDL and hepatic homogenate were isolated, and the concentrations of 5‐FU and 5‐FUC were investigated in both specimens. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 5‐FU‐ and 5‐FUC‐loaded liposomes were also investigated. The present results revealed that the prepared liposomes have a nanoscale size, negative zeta potential, and prolonged drug release. TYL injection significantly elevated the plasma levels of nonhigh‐density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol (TAG), and total cholesterol (TC). The isolated LDL nanoparticles had a nanosized homogenous vesicle structure and a negative zeta potential. 5‐FUC‐loaded liposomes and TYL augmented 5‐FUC loading into LDL and hepatic tissues compared to that for 5‐FU. Moreover, the present results indicated that 5‐FUC‐loaded liposomes significantly improved the Cmax, Tmax, AUC, MRT, and t1/2 compared to those for the 5‐FUC solution and 5‐FU‐loaded liposomes. This study concluded that the triple approach of a lipophilic shift, nanoliposomes, and TYL is promising for enhancing drug bioavailability, LDL loading, and selective hepatic drug targeting.Practical Applications: 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a hydrophilic anticancer medicine that elicits multiple side effects due to high doses, short half‐life, and nonspecific tissue distribution. In this study, 5‐FU was shifted into a lipophilic form (5‐FUC) by cholesterol conjugation. The 5‐FUC was loaded into a nanoliposome. Rats were injected with tyloxapol (TYL) to induce a temporary hyperlipidemia that produces a lipophilic milieu. The hyperlipidemia was confirmed physically by plasma milky appearance and biochemically by marked elevation of non‐HDL lipoproteins. Hyperlipidemia promotes 5‐FUC loading into VLDL‐LDL in vivo. The 5‐FUC level was determined in isolated LDL and liver tissues using HPLC analysis. The lipophilic shift, liposomal loading, and TYL improve pharmacokinetic parameters and bioavailability of 5‐FU with sustained action and hepatic targeting. This study opens a new avenue for endogenous drugs loading into lipoproteins as an approach for selective hepatic drug targeting.
Scalable Preparation of 1‐Aminoethyl Substituted Chromanes
Authors: Diethelm Stefan , Schmidt Gunther , Sifferlen Thierry , Boller Amandine , Cornu Laurent , Schmitt Christine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChromanes and chromanones are structural motives found in many bioactive compounds. To support structure‐activity‐relationship (SAR) studies in a medicinal chemistry program, we developed two alternative synthetic strategies to access 1‐aminoethyl chromane building blocks. Our strategies involve a C(sp2)−C(sp3) coupling for late‐stage introduction of the aminoethyl side chain. In addition, an optimized process was developed to enable decagram scale preparation of one building block.
Management of status epilepticus in dogs
Authors: Ryan Daniel , de Stefani Alberta 
Published: November 2023

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency with high mortality, and is often the first manifestation of a seizure disorder. When faced with a patient in SE (or severe cluster seizures) our priority should always be to stop the seizure activity; however, this should not distract us from assessing our seizuring patient as a whole. Neglecting to do so could lead to severe complications and could dramatically affect the patient's short‐term outcome. Management of dogs in SE requires a swift, coordinated response from all members of the veterinary team to improve chances of survival.Aim of the article: This article aims to provide a step‐by‐step guide for the management of dogs in SE with a focus on strategies to best monitor, stabilise and treat this neurological emergency.
Theraphosid medicine: what to do when something is peculiar with the tarantula
Authors: Kennedy Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Background: With over 1060 species reported and a considerable number of these kept in captivity, theraphosid spiders, also known as tarantulas, have become a significant part of private and zoological collections, hence necessitating a greater demand for veterinary expertise.Aim of the article: This comprehensive review addresses the unique challenges in tarantula care. It delves into the application of diagnostic tools like histology, radiography, haematology and microbiology in tarantulas, and discusses how to gather clinically relevant data for effective treatment planning of common conditions. It also outlines adaptations to cater treatments to tarantulas' unique anatomy, and offers guidance on drug selection and veterinary procedures, as well as covering humane euthanasia methods.
Green synthesis and biological activity investigation of new derivatives of spiroisatins
Authors: Ahmadi Sajjad , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Zareyee Daryoush , Soleimani Amiri Somayeh , Arshadi Sattar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this research, the synthesis of novel derivatives of spiroisatins in high yields was investigated. These new compounds were synthesized using a multicomponent reaction (MCR) of isatin, malononitrile, acetophenone derivatives, diethyl oxalate, primary amines, and Et3N in aqueous media. Under similar conditions, spiropyrroloisatins were prepared using MCRs of synthesized spiroistins. The antioxidant activity of newly synthesized spiroisatins is due to having an NH group which was evaluated by two procedures. Also, the antimicrobial activity of newly generated spiroisatins was evaluated by a disk distribution process utilizing two kinds of Gram‐negative bacteria and Gram‐positive bacteria and bacterial growth was stopped using these compounds. The advantages of this method are short reaction times, high yields of products, and the easy separation of catalyst and product using simple procedures.
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes, polypyridazine, and polyamide based on s‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
Authors: Sayed Abdelwahed R. , Wiggins Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and analysis of new polymeric materials based on 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine are discussed in this study. Tetrazine was mixed with thermoplastic polyurethane in dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and dibutyl tin dilaurate as catalyst at 50°C for 24 h to create brush polyurethane‐urea, which was then reacted with an unsaturated center in dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent at 60°C for 48 h made of either polyenol or thermoplastic polyurethane through π–π interaction. Because 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (red color) is known to act as an electron‐deficient dine in inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions and can be easily converted to pyridazine (peach color) via [4 + 2] cycloaddition with suitable followed by expulsion of molecular nitrogen (cycloreversion), we observed a highly colored red shift to peach and this monitor for this reaction. Additionally, polyamide was prepared via reaction of 3,6‐diamino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine with terephthaloyl chloride in DMF as a suitable solvent and triethylamine as basic catalyst at 0°C for 3 h and then 36 h at room temperature. The new polymers that were produced were elucidated by spectral data.
Predicting high‐risk periods for weight regain following initial weight loss
Authors: Ross Kathryn M. , You Lu , Qiu Peihua , Shankar Meena N. , Swanson Taylor N. , Ruiz Jaime , Anthony Lisa , Perri Michael G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a predictive algorithm of “high‐risk” periods for weight regain after weight loss.MethodsLongitudinal mixed‐effects models and random forest regression were used to select predictors and develop an algorithm to predict weight regain on a week‐to‐week basis, using weekly questionnaire and self‐monitoring data (including daily e‐scale data) collected over 40 weeks from 46 adults who lost ≥5% of baseline weight during an initial 12‐week intervention (Study 1). The algorithm was evaluated in 22 adults who completed the same Study 1 intervention but lost <5% of baseline weight and in 30 adults recruited for a separate 30‐week study (Study 2).ResultsThe final algorithm retained the frequency of self‐monitoring caloric intake and weight plus self‐report ratings of hunger and the importance of weight‐management goals compared with competing life demands. In the initial training data set, the algorithm predicted weight regain the following week with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 45.8%; performance was similar (sensitivity: 81%–82%, specificity: 30%–33%) in testing data sets.ConclusionsWeight regain can be predicted on a proximal, week‐to‐week level. Future work should investigate the clinical utility of adaptive interventions for weight‐loss maintenance and develop more sophisticated predictive models of weight regain.
Pebax/poly(vinyl alcohol) mixed matrix membrane incorporated by amine‐functionalized graphene oxide for CO2 separation
Authors: Kheirtalab Mina , Abedini Reza , Ghorbani Mohsen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGraphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) were firstly functionalized using p‐phenylenediamine and then utilized as nanofillers to prepare poly(ether‐block‐amide) (Pebax®‐1657)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA‐60000)‐based mixed‐matrix membranes. The modified GO as well as the fabricated mixed matrix membranes underwent some characterization analyses, including FTIR, TGA, XRD, FESEM, and EDX. The influence of amine‐modified nanoparticles content (2, 4, and 6 wt%), and feed pressure on CO2, CH4, and N2 permeabilitis and ideal CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities values of the MMMs were investigated. The permeation experiments demonstrated that Pebax/PVA (10 and 15 wt%) blend membranes caused an increase in CO2 permeability owing to the high affinity of polar CO2 molecules to polar PVA segments. Moreover, the incorporation of 6 wt% amine‐functionalized GO into the Pebax/PVA (10 wt%) and Pebax/PVA (15 wt%) blend polymer raised the CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity by nearly 43%, 28%, and 37%, respectively, due to the higher CO2 adsorption capacity of the amine‐functionalized GO.
Effect of aging on damage properties and reaction characteristics of typical 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN)‐based melt‐cast explosives under low‐velocity impact
Authors: Ma Teng , Yang Nian , Luo Yimin , Wang Yanru , Guo Guangfei , Wu Sanzhen , Xu Sen , Wu Xingliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effects of aging degradation on the safety performance of typical 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN)‐based melt‐cast explosives (MCEs) were studied. An in‐house‐designed low‐velocity impact device and a closed bomb were used to study the effects of aging on the fragmentation and reactivity of DNAN‐based MCEs under impact damage. The test results showed that after artificially accelerated aging of the bare grain, the mass decreased, volume increased, and compressive strength increased, resulting in physical defects such as cracks and debonding occurring inside the explosive. The degree of damage to the DNAN‐based melt‐cast explosive increased with an increase in the impact velocity. Artificial aging increases the degree of damage and impact sensitivity of explosives. The relationship between the degree of fragmentation and the impact velocity under different aging times was revealed through the frangibility factor (FFE) and dynamic activity (L). The microcracks formed by DNAN sublimation and aging significantly affected the sample reaction violence.
How to Reduce Char Formation in the Lignin Degradation Process: A Review
Authors: Ma Jiayue , Ma Xiuyuan , Li Mengzhu , Sun Yumiao , Wang Ting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the most abundant biomass resource in nature, the utilization of renewable aromatic rings contained in lignin has always been the focal point for materials science and chemistry. Many of the current lignin degradation methods need to be carried out under harsh conditions such as extremely high temperatures or high pressures. This leads to the cross‐linking reaction between lignin and depolymerization intermediates to produce solid char. The milder method also requires the use of heating, which may also lead to the polymerization of some intermediates in the reaction to form char. It has been a difficult problem for researchers to find a way to reduce the solid char. This review discusses different methods to avoid or reduce char formation and sedimentation, including thermal degradation, electrochemical catalysis, fungal degradation, and mechanochemical methods. The aim of the review is to help reduce char formation during lignin degradation and to increase the rate of lignin biomass degradation.
Nitrogen Radiofrequency Plasma Treatment of Graphene
Authors: Bident Antoine , Caillault Nathalie , Delange Florence , Labrugere Christine , Aubert Guillaume , Aymonier Cyril , Durand Etienne , Demourgues Alain , Lu Yongfeng , Silvain Jean‐François 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of nitrogen (N) atoms into a graphitic network such as graphene (Gr) remains a major challenge. However, even if the insertion mechanisms are not yet fully understood, it is certain that the modification of the electrical properties of Gr is possible according to the configuration adopted. Several simulations work, notably using DFT, have shown that the incorporation of N in Gr can induce an increase in the electrical conductivity and N acts as an electron donor; this increase is linked to the amount of N, the sp2/sp3 carbon configuration, and the nature of C−N bonding. Nitrogen radiofrequency (RF) plasma has been used to incorporate N into Gr materials. The RF plasma method shows the possibility to incorporate N‐graphitic nitrogen into Gr after a pre‐treatment with nitric acid. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectrometry were used to quantify the functionalized groups. The modifications of the graphene surface chemistry along the amount of N inside the Gr change the chemical environment of N. This method, enabling the incorporation of N inside Gr matrix, opens up a route to a broad range of applications.
Morphological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Nano Starch from Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)
Authors: Pumacahua‐Ramos Augusto , Demiate Ivo Mottin , Travalini Ana Paula , Granza Andressa Gabardo , Farias Fabiane Oliveira , Schnitzler Egon , Lopes‐Filho José Francisco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of the study is to determine some physical and thermal properties of Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) starch of variety Ramis grown at high altitude. Starch is extracted after hydration of the grains in a solution containing 0.2% SO2 and 0.55% lactic acid for 12 h at 30 °C. Particle Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X‐Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Rapid Viscosity Analyzer (RVA) are used for characterization. The results show that the starches have a polyhedral shape and 85% have diameters in the range 712–955 nm. Surface agglomerated starches have low roughness values. The XRD shows the characteristic peaks of the starches type A, relative crystallinity of 28.52%, and the transmittance ratio (1045/1022 cm−1) of 1.33 from the FT‐IR. DTG shows three peaks of decomposition (203, 354, and 512 °C) and thermal stability of 251 °C. The temperature and enthalpy change of gelatinization are 62.7 °C and 3.64 J g−1, respectively. The RVA analysis shows viscosity with pasting temperature of 60.2 °C, limited peak viscosity at 95 °C, low breakdown (537 mPa s), and high setback (774.7 mPa s) during cooling. This small granule starch shows potential for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and food industries.
Orthogonal ring patterns in the plane
Authors: Bobenko Alexander I. , Hoffmann Tim , Rörig Thilo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe introduce orthogonal ring patterns consisting of pairs of concentric circles generalizing circle patterns. We show that orthogonal ring patterns are governed by the same equation as circle patterns. For every ring pattern there exists a one parameter family of patterns that interpolates between a circle pattern and its dual. We construct ring patterns analogues of the Doyle spiral, Erf and $$z^\alpha $$

z
α

functions. We also derive a variational principle and compute ring patterns based on Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions.