bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute bronchitis: place, role and effectiveness of phytotherapy
Authors: Korkmazov M. Yu. , Kornova N. V. , Korkmazov E. V. , Korkmazov A. M. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. An urgent issue of modern medicine is still early diagnosis and treatment of virus-associated respiratory infections. In this context, infectious lesions of the tracheobronchial tree, associated with a high incidence and limited use of drug therapy, are of particular relevance. Analysis of individual mechanisms for the development of acute bronchitis will allow you to choose the addition of course treatment with herbal remedies with high efficiency and safety.Aim. Based on the clinical and epidemiological analysis of the incidence of acute bronchitis and the study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the disease, to determine the effectiveness of the use of herbal preparations in the course of preventive treatment.Materials and methods. An open, controlled, comparative clinical study was conducted on 63 patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis of viral etiology of preventive use in the complex therapy of a phytopreparation containing an extract of common ivy leaves and to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.Results. Analysis of the literature showed a high incidence of acute bronchitis during the outbreak of acute respiratory viral infections, the variability of the clinical course and the need to use additional methods of treatment. An early positive trend was noted in people who, in addition to standard therapy, used a phytopreparation containing an extract of ordinary ivy leaves in comparison with preparations of the amino acid derivative of cysteine relief of all symptoms already on the 5th day. The drug was easily tolerated by patients; no side effects were observed.Conclusions. Preventive use in the complex therapy of acute bronchitis, herbal preparations with mucolytic action, which facilitate sputum discharge, allows for a faster recovery.
Clinical manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the larynx
Authors: Stepanova Ju. E. , Коren E. E 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are attributed to a systemic process that develops in many organs, including the larynx. Complaints of impaired vocal function in patients with this pathology require a thorough clinical and endoscopic analysis.The purpose of the study. To determine the clinical-endoscopic changes of the larynx in patients with impaired vocal function in autoimmune rheumatic diseases..Materials and methods. 31 (100%) patients aged 25 to 84 (41 ± 15) years with autoimmune rheumatic diseases applied to the phoniatric department of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of ENT. There were 3 men (10%), 28 women (90%). All patients complained of impaired vocal function, 5 of the examined (16%) were also concerned about breathing disorders during exercise or at rest.Patients were grouped into three groups: systemic lupus erythematosus 4 (13%) people, systemic vasculitis 10 (32%) people, rheumatoid arthritis 17 (55%) people.Videolaryngoscopy, videolaryngostroboscopy, autofluorescence endoscopy, NBI – endoscopy (according to indications) were used to make the diagnosis.Results. The distribution of laryngeal pathology by nosological forms in patients with аutoimmune rheumatic diseases was as follows. The most numerous were groups with functional dysphonia of the hypotonic type 10 (32%) and bamboo nodules of 8 (26%) patients. Chronic laryngeal stenosis was diagnosed in 5 (16%), and chronic catarrhal laryngitis and soft nodules of the vocal folds in 3 (9.5%) people in each group (respectively). The smallest number of patients suffered from ulcerative necrotic changes of the larynx and pharynx – 2 (7%).Conclusion. Thus, laryngeal changes in аutoimmune rheumatic diseases had both specific manifestations and non-specific ones. The latter include functional dysphonia of the hypotonic type, chronic catarrhal laryngitis, soft nodules of the vocal folds. Bamboo nodules of the vocal folds, ulcerative necrotic diseases, chronic laryngeal stenosis (infiltrative and scarring) were specific for patients with аutoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Experience of using omalizumab in patients with severe bronchial asthma
Authors: Bolotova E. V. , Dudnikova A. V. , Shulzhenko L. V. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. New insights into the complex pathophysiology of severe asthma (SA) have led to the development of personalized treatment strategies using genetically engineered drugs, which is based not only on disease severity, but also on specific patient characteristics and asthma endotypes.Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of omalizumab in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA).Materials and methods. A prospective observational study (12 months) with the participation of 39 patients with TB (20 women and 19 men, average age 47.7 ± 14.2 years) who were treated at the Ochapovsky Regional Clinic Hospital of Krasnodar Region. All patients included in the study were prescribed the drug omalizumab.Results. After 6 months of follow-up, there was an improvement in asthma control in the form of an increase in the average number of points according to the ACT questionnaire: 15.9 (1.19) vs 10.7 (3.19); a decrease in the proportion of patients with an ACT score of ≤ 19 points by 15.6% (from 32 patients to 27), a decrease in the proportion of patients with the result of the ACT is less than 15 points by 16%. Within 12 months from the start of treatment with omalizumab, there was a decrease in asthma exacerbations regardless of the initial level of IgE and eosinophils, a decrease in the number of days of disability by 68.9%, the number of emergency calls by 50%, outpatient visits to a pulmonologist by 65.2%, the number of hospitalizations by 63.6%, the number of days spent in hospital – by 49.2, there was a significant decrease in daily doses of IGCS, oral GCS, the total number of exacerbations, the average score on the ACT test in all patients (p = 0.01).Conclusions. Use of the drug omalizumab in patients with SBA, in combination with a different spectrum of sensitization, it was possible to bring the treatment of such patients to a qualitatively new level, providing a pronounced clinical effect by minimizing symptoms, stopping exacerbations, and improving the quality of life. It is important to have a good safety and portability profile, as well as a convenient application mode.
Long-term results of treatment of patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Pavlova M. V. , Lushina O. V. , Anisimova A. I. , Archakova L. I. , Yablonskiy P. K. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the effectiveness of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with multiple (MDR) and broad drug resistance (XDR) M. tuberculosis (MBT) in patients after the end of the main course of treatment (intensive and continuation phase), which were observed with clinical cure in 3rd dispensary registration group.Aim. To study the long-term results of treatment of newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with MDR and XDR MBT with the determination of significant risk factors for relapse in a megalopolis.Materials and methods. The main course of treatment was completed by 119 newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with MDR or XDR TB for the period from 2013 to 2019, who were treated in anti-tuberculosis hospitals in St. Petersburg and outpatient in St. Petersburg Interdistrict Petrograd-Primorsky TB Dispensary No. 3. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group (MG) consisted of 40 people who received treatment regimens that included drugs (thioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perchlorate (perchlosone, bedaquiline, linezolid ), the control group (CG) – 79 people who received who received standard therapy, without the above drugs. The groups are comparable in clinical, radiological and bacteriological characteristics. The course of treatment was found effective in 86 (72.3%): in MG – in 34 (85.0%) people, in CG – in 52 (65.8%) people, p < 0.01. These 86 patients were transferred to the 3rd group of dispensary registration with a diagnosis of “clinical cure”.Results. Adverse treatment outcomes were analyzed, including the causes of tuberculosis recurrence. The use of drugs (perchlosone, bedaquiline, linezolid) in the complex chemotherapy of tuberculosis with MDR and XDR MBT increases the effectiveness of treatment of patients and significantly less often they have a recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis (12.5%), compared with the group without the use of these drugs (27.8%). The most significant risk factors for relapses of drug-resistant tuberculosis: the preservation of residual cavities in the absence of bacterial excretion at the end of the main c male gender, concomitant pathology (HIV infection), past incarceration, late detection of the disease and destructive forms of tuberculosis.Conclusions. The main course of therapy was found to be effective in 86 (72.3%) in patients with MG – in 34 (85.0%) people, in CG – in 52 (65.8%) people, p < 0.01. All the patients who completed the course of therapy were transferred to the 3rd group of dispensary registration with a diagnosis of “clinical cure”. Relapses of the disease occurred much less frequently in patients receiving perchlozon, bedaquiline, linezolid in complex therapy compared with the control group.
Management peculiarities of patients with chronic tonsillitis in comorbid conditions
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Fatenkov O. V. , Sokolova S. Yu. , Martynova A. B. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Chronic tonsillitis (CT) remains an urgent challenge in outpatient practice of not only otorhinolaryngologists, but also multi-discipline specialists – primary care physicians and general practitioners.Aim. To study the effectiveness of Tonsilgon® N at the outpatient care stage in CT patients with and without comorbidities. Materials and methods. 62 patients (30 to 56 years of age, average age 43.8 ± 13.2 years) with compensated CT were treated. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 30) included patients with compensated CT, Group 2 (n = 32) – patients with compensated CT and comorbidities: diabetes mellitus was detected in 40.6%, autoimmune thyroiditis in 43.7%, psoriasis in 15.7% of examined patients.Results and discussion. Evaluation of treatment outcomes using a 10-point visual analogue scale showed a significant (p < 0.05) health improvement in patients of both groups who received Tonsilgon® N. The examination showed a 1.8-fold decrease in the severity of the local symptom of CT – hyperemia and a roll-like thickening of the edges of the pillars of the fauces in patients of both groups by the 7th day of treatment. The trends of changes were characterized by uniformity, amounting to 0.09 ± 0.02 scores in Group 1 and 0.1 ± 0.02 scores in Group 2 (p < 0.05) by the 14th day of treatment. In CT patients without comorbidities, exacerbations that developed within 3 months were only observed in 6.6% of patients, and occurred in a mild form, which made it possible to abandon the use of antibacterials for systemic use; in Group 2 with comorbidities, they were more common and developed in 12.5% of patients.Conclusion. The high rate of successful treatment outcomes confirms the safety of the drug as an effective agent to relieve the severity of CT symptoms.
Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of lidocaine + phenazone in the local therapy of acute otitis media at the doperforative stage in adults
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Zolotova A. V. , Shevchik E. A. , Nikiforova A. N. , Kochetkov P. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Acute otitis media is a widespread multifactorial disease characterized by inflammatory changes in the mucosa of all parts of the middle ear. One of the most important tasks in the early stages of the disease is adequate anesthesia of patients. The article provides a retrospective assessment of the efficacy (speed of analgesia) and tolerability of topical use of Otipax® (lidocaine + phenazone) in adult patients with acute otitis media before perforation, the timing of its use is justified.Aim. To assess the efficacy and tolerability of topical Otipax® in adult patients with pre-perforated acute otitis media prescribed by a physician in routine practice.Materials and methods. Outpatient maps of 50 adult patients with acute otitis media were analyzed.Results. In almost all 50 patients after the use of Otipax®, the analgesic effect occurred after 3 minutes. The analgesic effect remained on average for 35–40 minutes, then the pain gradually resumed, but in dynamics there was a decrease in its intensity. Hearing loss and ear congestion were initially noted in all patients, by the 3rd visit these complaints persisted, but their intensity was significantly lower, on the 10th day of observation there were no subjectively impaired hearing in any of the patients, which corresponded to acumetric and tuning fork data. The anti-inflammatory effect of Otipax® after a day provided a significant decrease in the intensity and area of hyperemia and infiltration of the eardrum. After 10 days, almost all patients had no otoscopic signs of otitis media. No adverse events were reported during the follow-up period.Conclusions. The use of Otipax® (lidocaine + phenazone) ear drops complies with the clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021 for the treatment of patients with acute otitis media before perforation, effectively and safely, is the method of choice for reducing ear pain in patients already at the primary appointment.
Complex treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis using inhaled tauractant therapy
Authors: Tatarintseva M. P. , Batishcheva T. L. , Demidkov I. N. , Aroyan A. R. , Miletskiy A. V. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Chemotherapy is the main component used in the treatment of tuberculosis. In addition to chemotherapy, pathogenetic treatment holds a special place in the complex treatment. The inhaled tauractant therapy restores phospholipid content on the surface of the alveolar epithelium, stimulates the involvement of additional lung parenchyma areas in breathing, facilitates elimination of toxic substances together with sputum from the alveolar space and protects the alveolar epithelium against injury caused by chemical and physical agents. Thereby it promotes acceleration of the lung parenchyma recovery processes.Aim. To study the experience of using Surfactant-BL in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis receiving a standard chemotherapy regimen, taking into account the drug susceptibility for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Materials and methods. A study was conducted involving 10 patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis who were diagnosed with it for the first time in their lives. They received treatment in Respiratory Tuberculosis Patients Department No. 4 of the Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Omsk Region – Clinical TB Dispensary in 2022–2023.Results. Tauractant showed a pronounced positive effect on the destructive tuberculosis process in patients who already received a standard chemotherapy regimen. Inhaled therapy promoted acceleration of the cavity closure.Conclusion. The addition of inhaled tauractant therapy to the standard chemotherapy regimen in patients with multidrug resistance (MDR) and pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) respiratory TB significantly accelerated the TB cavity closure. The severity of intoxication and respiratory syndrome decreased in terms of clinical symptoms (relief of shortness of breath and cough). Spirography showed an increase in major indices of the pulmonary function test monitored at 2and 4-month follow-up.
The role of peak inspiratory flow in the selection of inhalation therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Trushenko N. V. , Lavginova B. B. , Obukhova N. E. , Brynza K. A. , Nuralieva G. S. , Nekludova G. V. , Avdeeva A. I. , Avdeev S. N. 
Published: November 2023

Pharmacotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily relies on inhalation therapy. The choice of an appropriate inhalation device is of particular importance as it impacts the frequency of device use errors, patient adherence to treatment, and overall treatment effectiveness. Peak inspiratory flow (PIF) represents the maximum air flow rate generated by a patient during inhalation and is measured in liters per minute. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) possess internal device resistance that patients must overcome to activate the device. Measuring PIF is an integral component of optimizing COPD therapy when utilizing dry powder inhalers (DPIs). For most DPIs, an optimal PIF value is considered to be no less than 60 L/min, while with a PIF of less than 30 L/min, the medication can’t reach the lower airways. At the same time, the clinical effectiveness of the use of DPI at values of PIF from 30 L/min to 60 L/min may be insufficient, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the value of PIF for the selection of basic COPD therapy. Given the lack of portable fluometers among doctors in real clinical practice, it is important to identify risk factors for suboptimal PIF in patients with COPD. Patients with emphysema, pulmonary hyperinflation, elderly, female, short height, obesity and comorbidity are at risk for insufficient PIF value for further effective use of DPI.This review provides essential information about the role of inspiratory flow for the effective use of DPIs, presents methods for its measurement, discusses predictors of suboptimal PIF, and offers recommendations for selecting inhalation devices for COPD patients based on PIF values.
Geography of patients in the federal ENT hospital before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: changing spatial patterns and characteristics
Authors: Korneenkov A. A. , Ovchinnikov P. A. , Vyazemskaya E. E. , Medvedeva A. Yu. , Yanov Yu. K. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to elective specialized healthcare has decreased significantly. In addition to economic, social, cultural, organizational and language factors, access to healthcare also includes geographic factors. In our country, geographical barriers are an important negative factor hampering access to healthcare for patients living far from regional and federal centres.Aim. This analysis provides an indirect view of the change in the availability of specialized medical otorhinolaryngological care. Describe the procedure for conducting a spatial analysis of the geographic accessibility of medical care.Materials and methods. The study analyzed changes in the spatial characteristics of the place of residence of patients admitted for inpatient treatment at the St Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Nose and Speech Throat before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study materials used anonymized data of 32,304 patients who were treated in a 24-hour hospital at the St Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Nose and Throat and Speech from January 2016 to December 2022. Descriptive statistics, spatial statistics, non-parametric methods for testing hypotheses (Wilcoxon criterion for independent samples), odds ratio for binary factors and outcomes processed in the R software environment, built on the basis of OpenStreetMap cartography with QGIS geocoding, were used as research methods.Results and discussion. In the study, geographic patterns of places of residence (locations) of inpatients before and after COVID-19 were obtained, and a visual assessment of their changes was made. The distances between the place of residence of patients and the place of provision of ENT care were calculated, and hypotheses were tested on the equality of the average geographical distance to the places of residence of patients before and after the pandemic. A count of patients and areas of zones of nuclear assessment of the probability density of patient locations in the country before and after the pandemic was made. The design of the study was an observational analytical retrospective study of the spatial characteristics of inpatients, in which the event of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic acted as a factor.Conclusion. In general, after the resumption of planned inpatient otorhinolaryngological care, its availability, which can indirectly be assessed using a spatial statistical analysis of the places of residence of patients of a federal budgetary institution, has not changed.
Omalizumab: a quarter of a century in the fight against T2-inflammatory diseases of upper and lower respiratory tract
Authors: Naumova V. V. , Beltyukov E. K. , Kiseleva D. V. , Shtanova A. A. , Stepina D. A. 
Published: November 2023

T2 inflammation underlies diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. These diseases often have a severe course and often accompany each other, which leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients. Studying the mechanisms of inflammation at the molecular level has made it possible to develop immunobiological drugs aimed at different stages of pathogenesis. One of the targets of immunobiological therapy for T2 inflammation, which can be affected by monoclonal antibodies, is immunoglobulin E. The purpose of the scientific review is to summarize the data accumulated over the past 25 years from randomized clinical trials and studies of real clinical practice on the effectiveness and safety of the original anti-IgE drug – “omalizumab”, including in comorbid patients. Clinical trials have shown that the use of omalizumab in patients with severe bronchial asthma reduces the frequency of exacerbations and severe exacerbations of asthma, reduces the number of hospitalizations and emergency room visits due to asthma exacerbations, reduces oral and inhaled glucocorticosteroids doses, improves respiratory function and improves quality of life. Omalizumab reduces the severity of nasal and ocular symptoms and reduces the need for antihistamines in patients with severe allergic rhinitis. Omalizumab effectiveness in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is manifested by decrease in nasal symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea), improvement in the sense of smell, decrease in polyps size, and the need for systemic glucocorticosteroids and surgical interventions. Omalizumab showed good tolerability and safety profile comparable to placebo in both clinical trials and routine practice.
Multi-spectral remote sensing for current irrigated area mapping of the Rift Valley Lakes Basin in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Mulugeta , Birhanu Belete , Abegaz Fentaw 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Rift Valley Basin in 2020–2022, with the objective of evaluating the newly developed techniques for irrigated area mapping of spatially large areas and assessing the current irrigated area in the basin. Methods used for irrigated area mapping are imagery analysis using the NDVI and EVI methods and land use classification. All results were verified with ground-truthing data using the sample locations selected. A 10 m × 10 m spatial resolution image derived from the European Space Agency Sentinel-2 satellite was used to create a time series spanning 2020, 2021, and 2022. Irrigated area maps from all three techniques were obtained and evaluated. Metric indicators were used to evaluate the performance of the irrigated area mapping techniques, the mean overall accuracy was 0.82, with a kappa coefficient of 0.76 and an F1-score of 0.86 with the highest and lowest overall accuracy observed in 2020 (0.86) and 2022 (0.76), respectively. Coefficient of determination was used to quantify the correlation of geospatial information and the multispectral remote sensing data analysis results maps agreed with irrigated area mapping with respect to ground truthing with R2 mean value of 0.87 which suggests a strong agreement.