bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavor, CP and metaplectic modular symmetries in Type IIB chiral flux vacua
Authors: Ishiguro Keiya , Kai Takafumi , Okada Hiroshi , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We examine symmetries of chiral four-dimensional vacua of Type IIB flux compactifications with vanishing superpotential W = 0. We find that the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric MSSM-like and Pati-Salam vacua possess enhanced discrete symmetries in the effective action below the mass scale of stabilized complex structure moduli and dilaton. Furthermore, a generation number of quarks/leptons is small on these vacua where the flavor, CP and metaplectic modular symmetries are described in the framework of eclectic flavor symmetry.
Entanglement asymmetry in the ordered phase of many-body systems: the Ising field theory
Authors: Capizzi Luca , Mazzoni Michele 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Global symmetries of quantum many-body systems can be spontaneously broken. Whenever this mechanism happens, the ground state is degenerate and one encounters an ordered phase. In this study, our objective is to investigate this phenomenon by examining the entanglement asymmetry of a specific region. This quantity, which has recently been introduced in the context of U(1) symmetry breaking, is extended to encompass arbitrary finite groups G. We also establish a field theoretic framework in the replica theory using twist operators. We explicitly demonstrate our construction in the ordered phase of the Ising field theory in 1+1 dimensions, where a ℤ2 symmetry is spontaneously broken, and we employ a form factor bootstrap approach to characterise a family of composite twist fields. Analytical predictions are provided for the entanglement asymmetry of an interval in the Ising model as the length of the interval becomes large. We also propose a general conjecture relating the entanglement asymmetry and the number of degenerate vacua, expected to be valid for a large class of states, and we prove it explicitly in some cases.
Adaptive guaranteed lower eigenvalue bounds with optimal convergence rates
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Puttkammer Sophie 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGuaranteed lower Dirichlet eigenvalue bounds (GLB) can be computed for the m-th Laplace operator with a recently introduced extra-stabilized nonconforming Crouzeix–Raviart ($$m=1$$

m
=
1

) or Morley ($$m=2$$

m
=
2

) finite element eigensolver. Striking numerical evidence for the superiority of a new adaptive eigensolver motivates the convergence analysis in this paper with a proof of optimal convergence rates of the GLB towards a simple eigenvalue. The proof is based on (a generalization of) known abstract arguments entitled as the axioms of adaptivity. Beyond the known a priori convergence rates, a medius analysis is enfolded in this paper for the proof of best-approximation results. This and subordinated $$L^2$$

L
2

error estimates for locally refined triangulations appear of independent interest. The analysis of optimal convergence rates of an adaptive mesh-refining algorithm is performed in 3D and highlights a new version of discrete reliability.
Improved rates for a space–time FOSLS of parabolic PDEs
Authors: Gantner Gregor , Stevenson Rob 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider the first-order system space–time formulation of the heat equation introduced by Bochev and Gunzburger (in: Bochev and Gunzburger (eds) Applied mathematical sciences, vol 166, Springer, New York, 2009), and analyzed by Führer and Karkulik (Comput Math Appl 92:27–36, 2021) and Gantner and Stevenson (ESAIM Math Model Numer Anal 55(1):283–299 2021), with solution components $$(u_1,\textbf{u}_2)=(u,-\nabla _\textbf{x} u)$$

(

u
1

,

u
2

)

=

(
u
,
-

∇
x

u
)

. The corresponding operator is boundedly invertible between a Hilbert space U and a Cartesian product of $$L_2$$

L
2

-type spaces, which facilitates easy first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) discretizations. Besides $$L_2$$

L
2

-norms of $$\nabla _\textbf{x} u_1$$

∇
x

u
1

and $$\textbf{u}_2$$

u
2

, the (graph) norm of U contains the $$L_2$$

L
2

-norm of $$\partial _t u_1 +{{\,\textrm{div}\,}}_\textbf{x} \textbf{u}_2$$

∂
t

u
1

+

div

x

u
2

. When applying standard finite elements w.r.t. simplicial partitions of the space–time cylinder, estimates of the approximation error w.r.t. the latter norm require higher-order smoothness of $$\textbf{u}_2$$

u
2

. In experiments for both uniform and adaptively refined partitions, this manifested itself in disappointingly low convergence rates for non-smooth solutions u. In this paper, we construct finite element spaces w.r.t. prismatic partitions. They come with a quasi-interpolant that satisfies a near commuting diagram in the sense that, apart from some harmless term, the aforementioned error depends exclusively on the smoothness of $$\partial _t u_1 +{{\,\textrm{div}\,}}_\textbf{x} \textbf{u}_2$$

∂
t

u
1

+

div

x

u
2

, i.e., of the forcing term $$f=(\partial _t-\Delta _x)u$$

f
=
(

∂
t

-

Δ
x

)
u

. Numerical results show significantly improved convergence rates.
Multi-proxy evidence for woodland clearance in northeast Northumberland (England) during the Iron Age
Authors: van Asperen Eline N. , Kirby Jason R. , Shaw Helen E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPollen diagrams covering the Bronze Age to Roman period from northeast Northumberland are scarce. We present a 14C-dated pollen record from a peat-filled forest hollow in Chillingham Wild Cattle Park, northeast Northumberland, that spans the Iron Age. For the first time for this part of Northumberland, fungal spores are also analysed to investigate whether clearances took place in the context of crop cultivation or pastoralism. The pollen diagram shows significant woodland cover during the Late Bronze Age, with small-scale landscape openness potentially representing crop cultivation and animal grazing under a tree canopy. A local clearance event, with arboreal pollen falling to 13.2%, is radiocarbon dated to the late Early to Middle Iron Age, likely coinciding with the construction and occupancy of the nearby Ros Castle hillfort. A significant rise in dung fungal spores and the presence of Plantago and other open vegetation taxa indicate animal husbandry played an important role in this clearance phase. A subsequent large decrease in dung fungi and a small rise in arboreal pollen may reflect a degree of abandonment of the area after the climate cooled. Peat formation ceased in the late Middle to Late Iron Age as the hollow filled up. Limited renewed peat growth occurred in the last century or so, after peat shrinkage due to drying and consequent oxidation provided the possibility for renewed peat formation within the hollow.
Monte-Carlo simulation for calculating phakic supplementary lenses based on a thick and thin lens model using anterior segment OCT data
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Cayless Alan , Kormanyos Kitti , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Phakic lenses (PIOLs, the most common and only disclosed type being the implantable collamer lens, ICL) are used in patients with large or excessive ametropia in cases where laser refractive surgery is contraindicated. The purpose of this study was to present a strategy based on anterior segment OCT data for calculating the refraction correction (REF) and the change in lateral magnification (ΔM) with ICL implantation.

Methods
Based on a dataset (N = 3659) containing Casia 2 measurements, we developed a vergence-based calculation scheme to derive the REF and gain or loss in ΔM on implantation of a PIOL having power PIOLP. The calculation concept is based on either a thick or thin lens model for the cornea and the PIOL. In a Monte-Carlo simulation considering, all PIOL steps listed in the US patent 5,913,898, nonlinear regression models for REF and ΔM were defined for each PIOL datapoint.

Results
The calculation shows that simplifying the PIOL to a thin lens could cause some inaccuracies in REF (up to ½ dpt) and ΔM for PIOLs with high positive power. The full range of listed ICL powers (− 17 to 17 dpt) could correct REF in a range from − 17 to 12 dpt with a change in ΔM from 17 to − 25%. The linear regression considering anterior segment biometric data and the PIOLP was not capable of properly characterizing REF and ΔM, whereas the nonlinear model with a quadratic term for the PIOLP showed a good performance for both REF and ΔM prediction.

Conclusion
Where PIOL design data are available, the calculation concept should consider the PIOL as thick lens model. For daily use, a nonlinear regression model can properly predict REF and ΔM for the entire range of PIOL steps if a vergence calculation is unavailable.
Evaluation of the ovicidal activity and fasciolicidal activity of the extract of ethyl acetate from Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. spp. mexicana and of artemisinin against adult parasites of Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Ezeta-Miranda Alonso , Avila-Acevedo José G. , Vera-Montenegro Yolanda , Francisco-Marquez Gerardo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate extract from A. ludoviciana (EALM) and artemisinin against adult parasites and eggs of F. hepatica. For the ovicidal assay, cell culture plates with 24 wells were used, and 90 to 110 F. hepatica eggs were placed in each well. The eggs were exposed to concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/L EALM and incubated for 16 days. Additionally, triclabendazole (TCBZ) was used as a reference drug at concentrations of 10 and 50 mg, and the response of artemisinin at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg was simultaneously assessed. Adult flukes were exposed to concentrations of 125, 250, 375, and 500 mg/L EALM. The results of the ovicidal action of EALM on the eggs showed that concentrations greater than 300 mg/L were significant, with ovicidal percentages greater than 60% observed on day 16 of incubation (p < 0.05). The maximum efficiency of EALM on adult flukes was reached 72 h post-exposure at a concentration of 125 mg/L (p < 0.05).
Internet-based interdisciplinary therapeutic group (Grupo Interdisciplinar Online, GIO) for perinatal anxiety and depression—a randomized pilot study during COVID-19
Authors: Gomà M. , Arias-Pujol E. , Prims E. , Ferrer J. , Lara S. , Glover V. , Martinez M. , Llairó A. , Nanzer N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEarly interventions may promote reductions in mothers’ anxiety-depression (AD) symptoms and improvements in their offspring. This longitudinal randomized research was conducted to assess the effects of interdisciplinary online therapeutic groups (GIO) in at-risk mothers and babies during the COVID-19 pandemic in a disadvantaged neighborhood in Barcelona (Spain). A total of 135 babies were born from March 2020 to June 2021 in a primary healthcare center of Barcelona (Spain). Pregnant woman and new mothers were screened for AD symptomatology through EPDS and STAI questionnaires. Seventy-two of them met high-risk criteria for AD and were included in the study. They were randomly assigned into the two groups of the study: 40 participants were assigned to GIO, the therapeutic group (TG), while 32 of them were assigned to the control group (CG) and received treatment as usual. The course of the mothers’ symptomatology was assessed, as well as the baby’s development at 6 months old in a blind pediatric follow-up. No differences were found in AD between both groups before the intervention. However, we obtained a significant decrease in AD symptomatology (EPDS p < .001; STAI state p = .015 and STAI trait p < .001at 6 months of life) after the intervention in the TG compared to the CG. Pediatric follow-up at 6 months demonstrated significant differences between groups in babies’ development assessment (manipulation p = .003; language p < .001; sociability p < .001). The GIO helped to ensure healthy development of the baby and reduction of the mothers’ depressive-anxiety symptomatology.
Characterization of Different Inflammatory Skin Conditions in a Mouse Model of DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Riedl Rebecca , Kühn Annika , Hupfer Yvonne , Hebecker Betty , Peltner Lukas K. , Jordan Paul M. , Werz Oliver , Lorkowski Stefan , Wiegand Cornelia , Wallert Maria 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe mouse model of 2,4-dinitrochlorbenzene (DNCB)-induced human-like atopic dermatitis (hlAD) has been widely used to test novel treatment strategies and compounds. However, the study designs and methods are highly diverse, presenting different hlAD disease patterns that occur after sensitization and repeated challenge with DNCB on dorsal skin. In addition, there is a lack of information about the progression of the disease during the experiment and the achieved pheno- and endotypes, especially at the timepoint when therapeutic treatment is initiated. We here examine hlAD in a DNCB-induced BALB/cJRj model at different timepoints: (i) before starting treatment with dexamethasone, representing a standard drug control (day 12) and (ii) at the end of the experiment (day 22). Both timepoints display typical AD-associated characteristics: skin thickening, spongiosis, hyper- and parakeratosis, altered cytokine and gene expression, increased lipid mediator formation, barrier protein and antimicrobial peptide abnormalities, as well as lymphoid organ hypertrophy. Increased mast cell infiltration into the skin and elevated immunoglobulin E plasma concentrations indicate a type I allergy response. The DNCB-treated skin showed an extrinsic moderate sub-acute hlAD lesion at day 12 and an extrinsic mild sub-acute to chronic pheno- and endotype at day 22 with a dominating Th2 response. A dependency of the filaggrin formation and expression in correlation to the disease severity in the DNCB-treated skin was found. In conclusion, our study reveals a detailed classification of a hlAD at two timepoints with different inflammatory skin conditions and pheno- and endotypes, thereby providing a better understanding of the DNCB-induced hlAD model in BALB/cJRj mice.
Running Mice and Successful Theories: The Limitations of a Classical Analogy
Authors: Egg Matthias , Hämmerli August 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBas van Fraassen’s Darwinian explanation for the success of science has sparked four decades of discussion, with scientific realists and antirealists alike using biologically inspired reasoning to support their points of view. Based on critical engagement with van Fraassen’s proposal itself and later contributions by Stathis Psillos and K. Brad Wray, we claim that central arguments on both sides of this controversy suffer from an insufficient understanding of Darwinism and its underlying biological concepts. Adding the necessary biological background turns out to subvert the argumentative force of viewing the success of scientific theories as analogous to the behaviour of biotic entities. In conclusion, we sketch more productive ways of viewing the relationship between biology and scientific realism.
Monitoring persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn using the arterial to end tidal carbon dioxide gradient
Authors: Williams Emma E. , Bednarczuk Nadja , Nanjundappa Mahesh , Greenough Anne , Dassios Theodore 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPersistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) can be monitored theoretically by the difference of the partial pressure of arterial (PaCO2) to end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2). We aimed to test the hypothesis that the PaCO2–EtCO2 gradient in infants with PPHN would be higher compared to infants without PPHN. Prospective, observational study of term-born ventilated infants with echocardiographically-confirmed PPHN with right-to-left shunting and term-born control infants without respiratory disease. The PaCO2–EtCO2 gradient was calculated as the difference between the PaCO2 measured from indwelling arterial sample lines and EtCO2 measured by continuous Microstream sidestream capnography. Twenty infants (9 with PPHN and 11 controls) were studied with a median (IQR) gestational age of 39.5 (38.7–40.4) weeks, a birthweight of 3.56 (3.15–3.93) kg and a birthweight z-score of 0.03 (− 0.91 to 1.08). The PaCO2–EtCO2 gradient was larger in the infants with PPHN compared to those without PPHN after adjusting for differences in the mean airway pressure and fraction of inspired oxygen (adjusted p = 0.037). In the infants with PPHN the median PaCO2–EtCO2 gradient decreased from 10.7 mmHg during the acute illness to 3.3 mmHg pre-extubation. The median difference in the gradient was significantly higher in infants with PPHN (6.2 mmHg) compared to infants without PPHN (-3.2 mmHg, p = 0.022). The PaCO2–EtCO2 gradient was higher in infants with PPHN compared to term born infants without PPHN and decreased over the first week of life in infants with PPHN. The gradient might be utilised to monitor the evolution and resolution of PPHN.
Sanitized clustering against confounding bias
Authors: Yao Yinghua , Pan Yuangang , Li Jing , Tsang Ivor W. , Yao Xin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReal-world datasets inevitably contain biases that arise from different sources or conditions during data collection. Consequently, such inconsistency itself acts as a confounding factor that disturbs the cluster analysis. Existing methods eliminate the biases by projecting data onto the orthogonal complement of the subspace expanded by the confounding factor before clustering. Therein, the interested clustering factor and the confounding factor are coarsely considered in the raw feature space, where the correlation between the data and the confounding factor is ideally assumed to be linear for convenient solutions. These approaches are thus limited in scope as the data in real applications is usually complex and non-linearly correlated with the confounding factor. This paper presents a new clustering framework named Sanitized Clustering Against confounding Bias, which removes the confounding factor in the semantic latent space of complex data through a non-linear dependence measure. To be specific, we eliminate the bias information in the latent space by minimizing the mutual information between the confounding factor and the latent representation delivered by variational auto-encoder. Meanwhile, a clustering module is introduced to cluster over the purified latent representations. Extensive experiments on complex datasets demonstrate that our SCAB achieves a significant gain in clustering performance by removing the confounding bias.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of wireless sensors and deep learning algorithms in comfort analysis of wooden structures
Authors: Liu Zehao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn many buildings with wooden structures, the service life and comfort of the floor will be affected by the walking load of the human body. The vibration effect generated by the human walking on the floor will affect the comfort that the floor brings to people. This article primarily focuses on the study of the correlation between floor vibration and human walking load in wooden buildings. It provides an analysis and summary of research findings from both domestic and international sources. Furthermore, the data collected is utilized to establish a model for estimating human walking load. The advent of information technology has witnessed significant transformative changes spurred by shifts in societal needs. Notably, the establishment of wireless sensor networks stands as a significant milestone within the field of information technology, highlighting advancements in science and technology. The evolution of wireless sensor networks has proven instrumental in various sectors within China, including but not limited to the military, environmental monitoring, biological research and medical systems, disaster monitoring, and energy allocation. This paper uses deep learning algorithms to analyze the node deployment problems of wireless sensor networks, summarizes a reasonable node deployment plan through specific research and practice, and uses collaborative deep learning methods to improve the operating efficiency of the network. In addition, this article also tested the vibration effect of wood structure buildings, analyzed different influencing factors, and provided a good reference point for the formulation of wood structure comfort standards.
Enhanced structural and optical performance of the novel 3-[(5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one heterojunction: experimental and DFT modeling
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A. , Badran Al-Shimaa , Halim Shimaa Abdel , Roushdy N. , Farag A. A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study successfully and cost-effectively synthesized a novel compound, 3-[(5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-1-ethyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (APPQ, 4), which displayed significant potential for various applications and yielded promising outcomes. Theoretical electronic absorption spectra in different media were acquired using the Coulomb-attenuating approach (CAM-B3LYP) and the Corrected Linear Response Polarizable Continuum Model (CLR) PCM. Employing CAM-B3LYP with the 6-311 +  + G(d,p) level of DFT proved to be more accurate than alternative quantum chemical calculation methods, aligning well with the experimental data. Additionally, the CAM-B3LYP method using polarized split-valence 6-311 +  + G(d,p) basis sets and CLR PCM in various solvents exhibited good agreement with the observed spectra. The high stability of APPQ, validated by the computed total energy and thermodynamic parameters at the same calculation level, surpassed that of anticipated structure 3. The theoretically calculated chemical shift values (1H and 13C) and vibrational wavenumbers were strongly correlated with the experimental data. The APPQ thin films demonstrated a band gap energy of 2.3 eV through distinctive absorption edge measurement. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited characteristic emission peaks at approximately 580 nm. Current–voltage measurements on n-Si heterojunction devices with APPQ thin films revealed typical diode behavior. These APPQ-based devices showed attractive photovoltaic properties, including an open-circuit voltage of 0.62 V, a short-circuit current of 5.1 × 10–4 A/cm2, and a maximum output power of 0.247 mW/cm2. Overall, the investigated heterojunctions display appealing photophysical characteristics, encouraging advancements in photovoltaics.