bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of palaeofluids in a normal fault setting in the Aegean region
Authors: Verhaert G. , Muchez P. , Sintubin M. , Similox‐Tohon D. , Vandycke S. , Keppens E. , Hodge E. J. , Richards D. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe province of Burdur (SW Turkey) is seismically an active region. A structural, geochronological, petrographical, geochemical and fluid inclusion study of extension veins and fault‐related calcite precipitates has been undertaken to reconstruct the palaeofluid flow pattern in this normal fault setting in the Aegean region. A palaeostress analysis and U/Th dating of the precipitates reveals the neotectonic significance of the sampled calcites. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of calcites‐filling extension veins shows final melting temperatures (Tm ice) of 0°C. This indicates pure water, most likely of meteoric origin. The oxygen isotope values (−9.8‰ to −6.5‰ VPDB) and the carbon isotopic composition (−10.4‰ to −2.9‰ VPDB) of these calcites also show a near‐surface meteoric origin of the fluid responsible for precipitation. The microstructural characteristics of fault‐related calcites indicate that calcite precipitation was linked with fault activity. Final melting temperature of fault‐related calcites ranges between 0 and −1.9°C. The oxygen isotope values show a broad range between −15.0‰ and −2.2‰ VPDB. Several of these calcites have a δ18O composition that is higher or lower than the oxygen isotopic composition of meteoric calcites in the area (i.e. between −10‰ and −6‰ VPDB). The δ13C composition largely falls within the range of the host limestones and reflects a rock‐buffered system. Microthermometry and stable isotopic study indicate a meteoric origin of the fluids with some degree of water–rock interaction or mixing with another fluid. Temperatures deduced from microthermometry and stable isotope analyses indicate precipitation temperatures around 50°C. These higher temperatures and the evidence for water–rock interaction indicate a flow path long enough to equilibrate with the host–rock limestone and to increase the temperature.The combined study of extension vein‐ and fault‐related calcite precipitates enables determining the origin of the fluids responsible for precipitation in a normal fault setting. Meteoric water infiltrated in the limestones to a depth of at least 1 km and underwent water–rock interaction or mixing with a residual fluid. This fluid was, moreover, tapped during fault activity. The extension veins, on the contrary, were passively filled with calcites precipitating from the downwards‐migrating meteoric water.
College students’ consumer competence: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Lachance Marie J. , Choquette‐Bernier Nadia 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate college people's perception of the competence necessary to play the consumer role and of the different socialization agents and processes involved in their consumer learning. Perception of the meaning of consumer competence seems mostly based on characteristics associated to preventive behaviours. If, on the whole, the subjects think they are competent consumers, their perception of other consumers is much less favourable. The mother appears to remain the most influential socialization agent but the father seems to play an increasing role. Young people's consumer socialization process is mainly achieved through communication, observation, and by learning through trial and error. Some of them find that consumer education in high school was useful but boring, and some others didn’t remember having received this education. The need to study further the competence of young adults and to provide consumer education is discussed.
Bed rest versus free mobilisation following embryo transfer: a prospective randomised study
Authors: Amarin Zouhair O. , Obeidat Basil R. 
Published: October 2004

Objective  To evaluate the efficacy of two clinical methods of post‐embryo transfer protocols in patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation.Design  Prospective, randomised clinical trial.Setting  Hospital‐based clinic for reproductive medicine.Sample  Women under 40 years of age who were undergoing in vitro fertilisation with GnRH pituitary down‐regulation and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.Methods  Patients were randomised to rest for either 1 or 24 hours after embryo transfer.Main outcome measure  Clinical pregnancy per cycle rate (the percentage of cycles started that demonstrated a live fetus on ultrasound examination performed at six or seven weeks of gestation).Results  The clinical pregnancy rates were 21.5% for the 1‐hour and 18.2% for the 24‐hour post‐embryo transfer groups. The implantation rate per embryo was significantly higher in the 1‐hour group (14.4%) than in the 24‐hour group (9%).Conclusion  One‐hour and 24‐hour rest post‐embryo transfer result in comparable rates of clinical pregnancy. However, 24‐hour rest results in reduced implantation rate per embryo.
Current practice for the laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis: a national questionnaire survey of consultant gynaecologists in UK
Authors: Moses Sharon H. , Clark T. Justin 
Published: October 2004

Objective  To determine current practice regarding laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.Design  A prospective questionnaire survey.Setting  The United Kingdom.Population  All 1411 UK consultant gynaecologists identified from a Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists database.Methods  A postal questionnaire was sent to all consultants with reply paid envelopes. A postal reminder was sent three months following the initial questionnaire.Main outcome measure  Current practice for the laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis and willingness to participate in a randomised trial.Results  The response rate was 66% (893/1411). Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed by 87% (772/893) of respondents. Seventy‐six percent of these (58/772) were confident to visually diagnose endometriosis and 6% (47/772) routinely verified the diagnosis histologically. Laparoscopic surgery was routinely undertaken by 41% (318/772) of respondents. Ablative therapy was the most frequently employed technique utilised [620/653 (95%)] and electrodiathermy was the most popular energy modality (80%). Among respondents expressing a preference, excision of disease was believed to be more effective, but less safe compared with ablation. One‐third of respondents (273/893) were willing to enter patients into a randomised controlled trial to compare laparoscopic treatments for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.Conclusion  Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis associated with pelvic pain is routinely undertaken by a large number of UK consultant gynaecologists, but techniques used and beliefs about efficacy vary. In view of this division of opinion regarding the relative roles of laparoscopic treatment methods, a randomised trial comparing the efficacy and safety of these methods is urgently needed.
5×5×5 = Creativity in the Early Years
Authors: Fawcett Mary , Hay Penny 
Published: October 2004

Abstract5×5×5 − Creativity in the Early Years has involved five early years' settings, five artists and five cultural centres working in partnership to support young children (3–6 years) in their exploration, communication and expression of creative ideas. This year‐long research project has been inspired by the approach to education and the creative arts in early years' settings in Reggio Emilia, Northern Italy. The three aims have been evaluated; they were: to demonstrate ways in which creativity and innovation can be fostered in and with young children; to influence early years' educational practice by establishing creativity as an essential foundation of early learning; and to share findings as widely as possible, creating a legacy for the future. This article examines the collaborative processes between artists, educators and cultural centres as they worked with young children using a creative and reflective cycle. The underpinning principles and the role of professional development have been essential to the success of the project. Findings show that careful observations and documentation of children's words will provide insight into their ideas and understandings. As adults it is our role to facilitate and support children's depth of learning. By respecting children and taking time to make observations and connections with the children's thinking, we can refine our own efforts in supporting their learning more effectively.
Exploring the Links Between Visual Arts and Environmental Education: Experiences of Teachers Participating in an In‐Service Training Programme
Authors: Savva Andri , Trimis Eli , Zachariou Aravella 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn in‐service teachers' training programme was designed aiming to encourage art teachers to learn through theoretical and artistic experiential activities in a specific environmental setting (Lemithou environmental education centre, Cyprus). The programme was based on the use of the environment as an educational resource, and sought to develop participants' environmental perception through artistic activities. Teachers (N=12) from public nursery, elementary and secondary schools, with particular interests and backgrounds in visual arts were invited to participate. The present study is particularly concerned with participants' artistic work inspired by the environment in three different settings of the area: (1) natural (e.g. forest) (2) the rural‐building (e.g. the village) and (3) culture and tradition (e.g. myths and people).Qualitative methods based on observation; diary reports and photographic material were applied on a case study basis. Results revealed teachers': (1) abilities in integrating environmental aspects in their artistic work, (2) positive attitude and interest for environmental art, (3) abilities in enhancing their personal power of artistic expression based on their experiences and the world around them. The findings highlight the significance of artistic experiential activities (hands‐on activities) and critical enquiry in developing teachers' environmental perception.
Conceptions of Teaching Art Held by Secondary School Art Teachers
Authors: Lam Bick Har , Kember David 
Published: October 2004

AbstractResearch into teachers' conceptions of teaching can be justified in that deep seated beliefs impact upon the way teachers teach and influence the learning approaches of their students. This study examined conceptions of teaching art, through interviews with 18 secondary school art teachers in Hong Kong. The analysis resulted in a two‐level characterisation of conceptions under broad essentialist and contextualist orientations. There were four subordinate conception categories, namely moral development in art and aesthetic development in art under the essentialist orientation, and intellectual development through art, and expression and therapy through art as sub‐categories of the contextualist orientation. The categories were defined and delimited by six dimensions. The categories were seen as clearly distinguishable but related, though not hierarchically. There was no evidence of the category scheme being culturally specific, as the majority of the teachers held beliefs which were not consistent with the traditional manner of Chinese painting.
Somewhere in between Touch and Vision: In Search of a Meaningful Art Education for Blind Individuals
Authors: De Coster Karin , Loots Gerrit 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article offers a theoretical framework of a meaningful art education for blind people. Existing literature focuses on the interaction between the artwork and the blind person. This text describes this aesthetic encounter which is complex due to tactile sensations, individual differences of the non‐sighted viewer and specific features of the art work. The article demonstrates further the importance of thorough reflection on these issues. The paradoxical character of blindness and visual art raises some difficult theoretical problems. Several authors plead for an art education for the blind that emphasises tactile experiences, instead of visual information. The article considers the consequences of such reasoning and stresses the importance of visual information in an art educational setting for blind people. Finally the article considers the roles of the art educator and the museum guide, as moderators in this dichotomy between the tactile elements of an artwork and its visual features.
STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR OF HIGH TcY1−xGaxBa2Cu3O7−δ SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: POP IULIU , REDAC RADU , BURDA IOAN , IONCU VIRGIL 
Published: October 2004

Four samples of high T c superconductors Y 1−x Ga x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ, with x=0.2; 0.3 and x=1 were synthesized. The resulted samples were analysed from a structural and magnetic view point. The X ray spectrum relieved the existence of the orthorhomhic structure and some of unreacted BaCO 3 and CuO lines. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility pointed out the diamagnetic transmission with the critical temperature at 79 K for x=0.2 and 0.3. For the samples x=1 sintered at 1,223 and at 1,273 K the critical temperatures were 77, 5 and 78 K.
Breeding synchrony does not affect extra-pair paternity in great reed warblers
Authors: von Schantz Torbjörn , Arlt Debora , Bensch Staffan , Hasselquist Dennis , Hansson Bengt 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBreeding synchrony is hypothesised to influence the occurrence and frequency of extra-pair fertilisations (EPFs) in birds irrespective of the social mating system. The two proposed hypotheses make opposite predictions. (1) Synchronous breeding leads to a lower frequency of EPFs because males face a trade-off between mate guarding and obtaining additional matings via extra-pair copulations (EPCs) ('guarding constraint' hypothesis). (2) Synchronous breeding promotes EPFs because females are able to compare displaying males simultaneously, which provides them with more reliable cues for extra-pair mate choice ('mate assessment' hypothesis). In a study of great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) from 1987-1998, annual breeding was asynchronous and the frequency of EPFs was rather low (extra-pair young occurring in 6.4% of the broods). Within this population, however, there was no relationship between the frequency of EPFs and breeding synchrony, thus not favouring any of the two hypotheses. Contrary to assumptions of the hypotheses, mate guarding did not seem to constrain males from engaging in EPCs (disfavouring the 'guarding constraint' hypothesis), and females seem to have repeated opportunities to compare males irrespective of breeding synchrony (disfavouring the 'mate assessment' hypothesis). Our results suggest that breeding synchrony is not an important factor influencing patterns of EPFs in great reed warblers. The low frequency of EPFs may instead be explained by the socially polygynous mating system, where females are less constrained in their choice of a social male.
Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses
Authors: Aggarwal Sudeepta , Pittenger Mark F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in several adult tissues. Transplanted allogeneic MSCs can be detected in recipients at extended time points, indicating a lack of immune recognition and clearance. As well, a role for bone marrow-derived MSCs in reducing the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during allogeneic transplantation has recently been reported; however, the mechanisms remain to be investigated. We examined the immunomodulatory functions of human MSCs (hMSCs) by coculturing them with purified subpopulations of immune cells and report here that hMSCs altered the cytokine secretion profile of dendritic cells (DCs), naive and effector T cells (T helper 1 [TH1] and TH2), and natural killer (NK) cells to induce a more anti-inflammatory or tolerant phenotype. Specifically, the hMSCs caused mature DCs type 1 (DC1) to decrease tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) secretion and mature DC2 to increase interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion; hMSCs caused TH1 cells to decrease interferon γ (IFN-γ) and caused the TH2 cells to increase secretion of IL-4; hMSCs caused an increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells (TRegs) present; and hMSCs decreased secretion of IFN-γ from the NK cells. Mechanistically, the hMSCs produced elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in co-cultures, and inhibitors of PGE2 production mitigated hMSC-mediated immune modulation. These data offer insight into the interactions between allogeneic MSCs and immune cells and provide mechanisms likely involved with the in vivo MSC-mediated induction of tolerance that could be therapeutic for reduction of GVHD, rejection, and modulation of inflammation. (Blood. 2005;105:1815-1822)
RhoH, a hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase, regulates proliferation, survival, migration, and engraftment of hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Gu Yi , Jasti Aparna C. , Jansen Michael , Siefring Jamie E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRho guanosine triphosphatases (GT-Pases) are recognized as critical mediators of signaling pathways regulating actin assembly, migration, proliferation, and survival in hematopoietic cells. Here, we have studied a recently identified hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPase, RhoH. Unlike most members of the Rho GTPase family, RhoH is GTPase deficient and does not cycle between GTP- and guanosine diphosphate (GDP)–bound forms, suggesting that regulation of RhoH expression may be critical in its activity. We found that RhoH is expressed in murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and fully differentiated myeloid and lymphoid lineages. In cytokine-stimulated HPCs, knockdown of RhoH expression via RNA interference stimulates proliferation, survival, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)–induced migration in vitro. Conversely, RhoH overexpression in these cells via retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is associated with impaired activation of Rac GTPases, reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and defective actin polymerization and chemotaxis. In vivo, HPCs with RhoH overexpression demonstrate defective hematopoietic reconstitution capability compared with control vector-transduced cells. Our results suggest that RhoH serves as a negative regulator of both growth and actin-based function of HPCs possibly via suppression of Rac-mediated signaling.
Platelet depletion by anti-CD41 (αIIb) mAb injection early but not late in the course of disease protects against Plasmodium berghei pathogenesis by altering the levels of pathogenic cytokines
Authors: van der Heyde Henri C. , Gramaglia Irene , Sun Guang , Woods Catherine 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of experimental severe malaria (ESM) elicited by infection with Plasmodium berghei. Mice injected on day 1 of P berghei infection (early) with either anti-CD41 or anti-CD61 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exhibited significantly (P &lt; .001) increased survival from ESM compared with infection controls, indicating that platelets function early in the disease. In contrast, groups of mice treated on days 4, 5, and 6 (late) with anti-CD41 mAb exhibited similar mortality as controls. Because platelet depletion by anti-CD41 mAb on day 4 of infection did not protect mice, and platelet adherence occurs on day 6, platelet adherence to endothelium is not required to mediate malarial pathogenesis. Few platelet microparticles were detected in the blood during the course of malaria, but large numbers of erythrocyte vesicles, microparticles, and debris were detected. The protective effect of early anti-CD41 mAb treatment was independent of the number of platelets, platelet microparticles, erythrocyte-platelet conjugates, and erythrocyte vesicles. Mice treated early with anti-CD41 mAb exhibited markedly altered cytokine production on day 4 of P berghei infection (increased interleukin 10 [IL-10], IL-1α, IL-6, interferon-γ [IFN-γ], and tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α]; decreased IL-2) but no decline in coagulation factors compared with rat immunoglobulin G (IgG)–treated controls, indicating that platelets regulate the levels of pathogenic cytokines.
Involvement of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Selleri Carmine , Montuori Nunzia , Ricci Patrizia , Visconte Valeria , Carriero Maria Vincenza , Sidenius Nicolai , Serio Bianca , Blasi Francesco , Rotoli Bruno , Rossi Guido , Ragno Pia 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe investigated the involvement of the urokinase-type plasminogen-activator receptor (uPAR) in granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–induced mobilization of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from 16 healthy donors. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) showed an increased uPAR expression after G-CSF treatment in CD33+ myeloid and CD14+ monocytic cells, whereas mobilized CD34+ HSCs remained uPAR negative. G-CSF treatment also induced an increase in serum levels of soluble uPAR (suPAR). Cleaved forms of suPAR (c-suPAR) were released in vitro by PBMNCs and were also detected in the serum of G-CSF–treated donors. c-suPAR was able to chemoattract CD34+ KG1 leukemia cells and CD34+ HSCs, as documented by their in vitro migratory response to a chemotactic suPAR-derived peptide (uPAR84-95). uPAR84-95 induced CD34+ KG1 and CD34+ HSC migration by activating the high-affinity fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) receptor (FPR). In addition, uPAR84-95 inhibited CD34+ KG1 and CD34+ HSC in vitro migration toward the stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF1), thus suggesting the heterologous desensitization of its receptor, CXCR4. Finally, uPAR84-95 treatment significantly increased the output of clonogenic progenitors from long-term cultures of CD34+ HSCs. Our findings demonstrate that G-CSF–induced upregulation of uPAR on circulating CD33+ and CD14+ cells is associated with increased uPAR shedding, which leads to the appearance of serum c-suPAR. c-suPAR could contribute to the mobilization of HSCs by promoting their FPR-mediated migration and by inducing CXCR4 desensitization.
Donor CD4+CD25+ T cells promote engraftment and tolerance following MHC-mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hanash Alan M. , Levy Robert B. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAllogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a potentially curative treatment for both inherited and acquired diseases of the hematopoietic compartment; however, its wider use is limited by the frequent and severe outcome of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Unfortunately, efforts to reduce GVHD by removing donor T cells have resulted in poor engraftment and elevated disease recurrence. Alternative cell populations capable of supporting allogeneic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell engraftment without inducing GVHD could increase numbers of potential recipients while broadening the pool of acceptable donors. Although unfractionated CD4+ T cells have not been shown to be an efficient facilitating population, CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells (T-reg's) were examined for their capacity to support allogeneic hematopoietic engraftment. In a murine fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched BMT model, cotransplantation of donor B6 T-reg's into sublethally conditioned BALB/c recipients supported significantly greater lineage-committed and multipotential donor progenitors in recipient spleens 1 week after transplantation and significantly increased long-term multilineage donor chimerism. Donor engraftment occurred without GVHD-related weight loss or lethality and was associated with tolerance to donor and host antigens by in vitro and in vivo analyses. Donor CD4+CD25+ T cells may therefore represent a potential alternative to unfractionated T cells for promotion of allogeneic engraftment in clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation. (Blood. 2005;105:1828-1836)