bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of a new begomovirus infecting Croton bonplandianum in India
Authors: Geetanjali Swapna , G Sravya , Prabudhas Sudheesh K , Sharma Susheel Kumar , Roy Anirban , Mandal Bikash 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Weeds, those often-overlooked inhabitants of our ecosystems, play a remarkable role as hidden reservoirs and unconventional breeding grounds for novel viruses. Their significance, however, tends to be underestimated in the realm of biodiversity studies. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence, phylogenetic analysis and recombination pattern of the begomovirus disease complex associated with new yellow vein diseases of Croton bonplandianum. During, survey conducted in August-2016, we have detected severe leaf curl and yellow vein symptoms on C. bonpandiaum at Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India. Total genomic DNA of infected leaf samples was isolated by using CTAB method and were subjected to PCR using begomovirus universal primers to confirm the presence of begomovirus. The samples were then used for Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) followed by restriction digestion to yield ~ 2.7 Kb fragment unit length of begomoviruses. Full length fragments ligated with pUC19 vector was transformed to E. coli and the recombinant clones were confirmed by colony PCR and restriction digestion. The complete genome sequence obtained for the clone WK3 contained 2773bp and showed a highest nucleotide sequence identity of 89.62% and 89.26% with papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) (MK087120) and bhendi yellow vein Bhubaneshwar virus (BYVBhV) (FJ589571) respectively. In phylogenetic analysis, WK3 sequence formed a separate clade with BYVBV. Recombination analysis indicated the putative evolution of newly characterized the begomovirus isolate WK3 through frequent recombination of parental sequences tomato leaf curl Iran virus (ToLCIRV) and BYVBhV in the background of CroYVMV. Based on the current ICTV criteria for the demarcation of begomoviruses species threshold (< 91%), this is identified as a member of new virus species for which the name “Croton yellow vein leaf curl virus” is proposed based on its symptom morphology.
Adaptive Electronic Relay for Smart Grid Based on Self-healing Protection
Authors: Nasrallah M. , Hussein Hany S. , Ismeil Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The protection system plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the network, as well as preserving the basic components of the electrical network, such as generators, transformers, transmission systems, and electrical power connections. The smart grid system makes the power system more flexible and complex. So the detection of the fault and isolation it fastly is the main issue of the protection system. In this paper, an optimum solution for the protection has been presented. where an adaptive electronic relay for more reliability and self-healing has been presented. The algorithm of the relay operation has been validated based on the MATLAB software SIMULINK. Results validate the effectiveness of the proposed smart electronic relay at various sections of the smart grid system such as generator, transformer, transmission and distribution line, and load.
Identification of Molecular Subtypes and Key Gene of Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Gene Expression Profiles
Authors: Yao Li , Liu Jiying , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) secondary to Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is characterized by high morality and mortality worldwide. Moreover, the lack of approved drugs for PH in PF patients highlights the imperative need for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying PH in PF. However, little is known about its etiology. To gain a molecular insight into its development, we performed molecular characterization based on the dataset composed of PF samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm classified all samples into two subgroups, followed by key module identification by weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). The protein–protein network was further constructed and hub gene was distinguished via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. Immune cell infiltration analysis displayed a significant difference in the level of immune cell infiltration of several immune cells between the two subgroups. Taken together, these results might expand our knowledge of the molecular and immune characteristics of PF and provide potential target for PF treatment.
Bone Metabolic Biochemical Markers, Bone Mineral Density, and the Risk of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jia Haifeng , Tian Ze-ming , Liang Xue-zhen , Li Han-zheng , Lu Bo-wen , Zhang Jian , Li Gang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Alterations in bone metabolism may potentially exert a significant influence in the early stages of femoral head necrosis; however, the causal relationship has hitherto remained unelucidated. This study employs a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal associations between biochemical indicators of bone metabolism, bone mineral density, and the occurrence of femoral head necrosis.
Methods
This study utilizes publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets and validated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to exposure variables (25OHD, serum Ca, and ALP) as well as indicators of bone mineral density (lumbar spine, heel, femoral neck, and total body). The two-sample Mendelian randomization method is employed, including techniques such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimation (WM), with the odds ratio (OR) as the evaluation criterion. Additionally, the effectiveness of the results is assessed through sensitivity testing.
Results
A total of 934 SNPs were included in this study. The MR analysis results indicate that the IVW analysis of 25OHD, serum Ca, and ALP did not reach statistical significance (25OHD OR = 1.006, 95%CI: 0.69–1.47, P = 0.975; serum Ca OR = 0.856, 95%CI: 0.43–1.70, P = 0.657; ALP OR = 1.022, 95%CI: 0.86–1.21, P = 0.801). However, bone density, including heel, lumbar spine, and total body bone density, showed a protective causal relationship with the onset of ONFH, while the results for femoral neck bone density did not reach statistical significance (lumbar spine BMD OR = 0.662, 95%CI: 0.48–0.91, P = 0.010; heel BMD OR = 0.726, 95%CI: 0.62–0.85, P < 0.001; total body BMD OR = 0.726, 95%CI: 0.62–0.85, P < 0.001; femoral neck BMD OR = 0.748, 95%CI: 0.53–1.05, P = 0.096). Cochran’s Q statistic for IVW and MR-Egger methods indicated no intergenic heterogeneity for all exposure outcomes' SNPs, and the tests for pleiotropy suggested a low likelihood of pleiotropy in all causal analyses.
Conclusions
This study does not support the hypothesis that 25OHD, serum Ca, and ALP reduce the risk of ONFH. However, heel, lumbar spine, and total body bone mineral density can be considered protective factors for the occurrence of ONFH. There is no genetic causality between femoral neck bone mineral density and ONFH development.
Effectiveness of Health Management Team Program to enhance prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Ningxia,China
Authors: Zhang Chenglei , Huang Yongxiang , Ji Liying , Zhu Qian , Wang Lixin , Wang Jingjiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission interruption (PMTCT) poses a formidable challenge in underdeveloped regions of China. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PMTCT and the health management team (HMT) model in Ningxia, China, as well as the risk factors for adverse outcomes.
Methods
The PMTCT + HMT model was established, and 360 pregnant women diagnosed with HBV infection in 2020–2022 were selected and divided into the control and the study groups based on different intervention modes. HBV serum markers and HBV DNA levels were assessed, the indicators of compliance behaviors and adverse outcomes were compared, and the factors influencing adverse outcomes were analyzed.
Results
The majority of subjects were residents of the local city, married, with secondary school or higher education, and employees of public sectors. The proportion of ethnic minorities was 40.8% and 34.2% in the control group and study group. HBeAg positivity was 23.3% and 26.3%, and the proportion with HBV DNA levels ≥ 2×105 IU/mL was 9.2% and 7.1%. Compared with the control group (PMTCT alone), the PMTCT + HMT model led to improved maternal knowledge (17.5% vs. 57.1%), voluntary counseling (34.2% vs. 63.3%), and testing (37.5% vs. 70.4%). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes ((including miscarriage, preterm birth) decreased significantly (17.5% vs. 6.2%), as did adverse neonatal outcomes (low birth weight and congenital HBV) (26.9% vs. 10.5%). Adverse outcomes were associated with low educational attainment, non-locals, unmarried status, and ethnic minority identity. Additionally, HBeAg positivity and HBV DNA levels ≥ 2×105 IU/mL were risk factors for adverse outcomes.
Conclusions
The PMTCT + HMT model demonstrates significant effectiveness in preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B in Ningxia. The unique demographic structure of Ningxia region is closely linked to poor outcomes, emphasizing the importance of monitoring HBeAg status and HBV DNA viral load level.
Can you help? Social Skills and Reciprocal Behavior among Children with and without SLD/ADHD
Authors: Eden Sigal , Ezra Michal , Rozenshtein Chen , Alkalay Sarit , Sarne David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The study aims to compare the reciprocal behavior, while interacting with a virtual-player in a computer game, between children with typical-development (TD) and children with specific-learning-disabilities (SLD) and/or with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and examine the correlation to social skills. The study included 120 children (43 SLD/ADHD, 77 TD) ages 9-11 years. Subjects filled out self-reported questionnaires focusing on social skills and reciprocity and played a computer game in which such social situations arise. Results showed no difference between the groups in self-reportedsocial skills or reciprocity. However, the children’ actual reciprocal behavior while playing the game revealed different results: the SLD/ADHD group exhibited higher selfish (help others out of concern for self) and lower altruistic (help others out of concern for others) reciprocity compared to the TD group. A correlation was found between the self-reported social skills and reciprocity, as well as to actual reciprocal-patterns reflected in the games played.
"A Multi-Dimensional Strategy for Spam Email Classification: Leveraging Origin, Text, and Image Features in a Hybrid Model"
Authors: Ghogare Pramod Prakash , Patil Manoj P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Spam emails represent a formidable cybersecurity threat, necessitating precise classification methods to mitigate associated risks and reduce the influx of unwanted messages. This research delves into the quest for improved spam email classification accuracy by leveraging ensemble machine learning techniques, specifically focusing on the utilization of origin, content, and image features within emails. Our study involved the training and testing of a random forest classifier, assessing individual features and integrated features using metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score. The results revealed that the hybrid framework, which combines these features, outperforms individual feature-based approaches. In the context of the ever-evolving landscape of spam technology and the emergence of novel message types challenging traditional methods, we introduce an integrated approach. This approach integrates feature results from various sub models to achieve superior classification accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the outstanding performance of the hybrid approach, achieving the highest accuracy rate (97.6%), recall rate (95.9%), precision rate (98.9%), and F1 score (97.4%) among the tested techniques. The research presents an innovative amalgamation of features that significantly enhances classification accuracy, making a notable contribution to the existing body of knowledge. It underscores the importance of feature integration technique in the field of spam email classification.
Prevalence and predictors of hearing aid use and benefit in Norway: The HUNT study
Authors: Engdahl Bo , Aarhus Lisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:Knowledge on hearing aid use and benefit is important to ensure appropriate and effective treatment. We aimed to assess prevalence and predictors of hearing aid use and benefit in Norway, as well as possible birth cohort changes.Methods:We analyzed two large cross-sectional, nationally representative hearing surveys of 63,182 adults in 1996-1998 and 2017-2019 (the HUNT study). We used multivariable regression models to examine independent predictors of hearing aid use and benefit, including demography, hearing-related variables, risk factors for hearing loss and birth cohort.Results:The nationally weighted use in the adult population increased from 4.2% in 1997 to 5.8% in 2018. The use among individuals with disabling hearing loss (≥35 dB) increased from 46.3% to 64.4%. Most users reported some (47%) or great (48%) help from their hearing aids. In addition to the level of hearing loss and birth cohort, factors associated with hearing aid use included lower age, tinnitus, childhood-onset hearing loss, higher education, marriage, having children, being exposed to occupational noise or impulse noise, recurrent ear infections, and head injury. In addition to the level of hearing loss, factors related to hearing aid benefit included younger age, female gender, unemployment, and higher income. Being bothered by tinnitus reduced the benefit.Conclusion:Our study shows an increase in hearing aid usage over time in Norway, with lower adoption rates and benefits observed among the elderly. The importance of having a spouse and children for hearing aid adoption is evident. These findings emphasize the necessity of customized strategies to address demographic disparities and the need for innovative enhancements in hearing rehabilitation programs.
Comparative transcriptome analysis and genetic dissection of vegetative branching traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italic)
Authors: Liu Tianpeng , Liu Xueying , He Jihong , Dong Kongjun , Zhang Lei , Li Yawei , Ren Ruiyu , Yang Tianyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Vegetative branching including tiller and axillary branch are vital traits affecting both the plant architecture and the biomass in cereal crops. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of vegetative branching in foxtail millet is largely unknown. Here, a foxtail millet cultivar and its bushy wild relative Setaria viridis accession were used to construct segregating population to identify candidate genes regulating tiller number and axillary branch number. Transcriptome analysis using vegetative branching bud samples of parental accessions were performed, and key differentially expressed genes and pathways regulating vegetative branching were pointed out. Bulk segregant analysis on their F2:3 segregating population was carried out, and a major QTL for tiller number (qTN5.1) and two major QTLs for axillary branch number (qAB2.1 and qAB9.1) were detected. Fine-mapping strategy was further performed on F2:4 segregate population, and Seita.5G356600 encoding β- glucosidase 11 were identified as the promising candidate genes for qTN5.1, and eight genes with non-synonymous variation and expression differences in the qAB9.1 interval were finally identified as candidate genes for regulating axillary branching. Findings in this study will help to elucidate the genetic basis of vegetative branching formation of foxtail millet, and lay a foundation for breeding foxtail millet varieties with ideal vegetative branching number.
Surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy prolonged overall survival in stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer: a SEER-based analysis
Authors: Yin Ying , Wang Linhe , Huang Chiming 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy, which accounts for only 1–2% of all thyroid cancers. The median overall survival (OS) time for all stages patients is at about 5 months. The benefit of surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in stage IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigating surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy and survival outcomes in stage IVC ATC patients.
Method
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2016 were used to conduct a cross-sectional study in the analysis. The endpoint of this study was overall survival.
Results
The median OS of the overall population was 2.0 months. Multivariate analysis showed that age (< 67 vs. ≥67 years old, P = 0.017, HR = 1.355, 95% CI: 1.057–1.738), tumor size (< 7cm vs. ≥7cm, P = 0.001, HR = 1.579, 95% CI: 1.202–2.073), Surgery (thyroidectomy vs. non-surgery, P < 0.001, HR = 0.554, 95% CI: 0.401–0.766), radiation therapy (P < 0.001, HR = 0.571, 95% CI: 0.445–0.733) and chemotherapy (P = 0.003, HR = 0.684, 95% CI: 0.531–0.881) were independent prognostic factor for worse OS in stage IVC ATC patients. Surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy exhibited the better overall survival time for 4 months.
Conclusions
Surgery combined with adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy can improve overall survival in stage IVC ATC patients. We recommend surgical approach with fully evaluation combined with radiation therapy and chemotherapy for selected stage IVC ATC patients.
Combined effects of landscape fragmentation and sampling frequency of movement data on the assessment of landscape connectivity
Authors: Prima Marie-Caroline , Garel Mathieu , Marchand Pascal , Redcliffe James , Börger Luca , Barnier Florian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background -
Network theory is largely applied in real-world systems to assess landscape connectivity using empirical or theoretical networks. Empirical networks are usually built from discontinuous individual movement trajectories without knowing the effect of relocation frequency on the assessment of landscape connectivity while theoretical networks generally rely on simple movement rules. We investigated the combined effects of relocation sampling frequency and landscape fragmentation on the assessment of landscape connectivity using simulated trajectories and empirical high-resolution (1 Hz) trajectories of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). We also quantified the capacity of commonly used theoretical networks to accurately predict landcape connectivity from multiple movement processes.
Methods –
We simulated forager trajectories from continuous correlated biased random walks in simulated landscapes with three levels of landscape fragmentation. High-resolution ibex trajectories were reconstructed using GPS-enabled multi-sensor biologging data and the dead-reckoning technique. For both simulated and empirical trajectories, we generated spatial networks from regularly resampled trajectories and assessed changes in their topology and information loss depending on the resampling frequency and landscape fragmentation. We finally built commonly used theoretical networks in the same landscapes and compared their predictions to actual connectivity.
Results -
We demonstrated that an accurate assessment of landscape connectivity can be severely hampered (e.g., up to 66% of undetected visited patches and 29% of spurious links) when the relocation frequency is too coarse compared to the temporal dynamics of animal movement. However, the level of landscape fragmentation and underlying movement processes can both mitigate the effect of relocation sampling frequency. We also showed that network topologies emerging from different movement behaviours and a wide range of landscape fragmentation were complex, and that commonly used theoretical networks accurately predicted only 30–50% of landscape connectivity in such environments.
Conclusions -
Very high-resolution trajectories were generally necessary to accurately identify complex network topologies and avoid the generation of spurious information on landscape connectivity. New technologies providing such high-resolution datasets over long period should thus grow in the movement ecology sphere. In addition, commonly used theoretical models should be applied with caution to the study of landscape connectivity in real-world systems as they did not perform well as predictive tools.
Exploring nurses' experiences of recommended patient care: a descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Faraji Azam , Jalali Amir , Khatony Alireza , Jalali Rostam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: caring for recommended patients creates work and emotional challenges for nurses. Nurses are obligated to provide care regardless of the patient's situation. Therefore, knowing the experiences of nurses in dealing with recommended patients in order to provide quality and effective care can be the basis for increasing patient satisfaction. The present study was conducted aimed to explain nurses' experiences of caring for recommended patients.
Methods: This was a qualitative study with descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants were 12 nurses working in different wards of hospitals affiliated to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, selected by purposive sampling method with maximum diversity. The data collected using semi-structured interviews in face-to-face and audio-recorded methods. MAXQDA 2020 software was used for data management. The analysis of the data was done using the Colaizzi's 7-step method. In order to verify the trustworthiness of the data, Lincoln and Guba criteria were used.
Results: After continuous data analysis, 110 initial codes were extracted. These codes emerged in 18 sub-themes and 6 main themes including: catastrophe, be in decline, be in progress, discrimination, work overload, and poor prognosis.
Conclusions: The findings of this study provide useful information for developing the empowerment and improving the working environment of nurses in the care of recommended patients.
Molecular Characterization of Brassica Species using SSR Markers
Authors: Khan Nadia , Jadoon Sultan Akbar , Ahmad Sheraz , Kakakhel Muhammad Arif 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Genetic diversity and relationship among F8-populations of brassica species: B. napus, B. rapa and B. juncea were carried out on eight parental-lines along with their 38 introgressed populations using SSR markers to cover the diversity present in them as broadly as possible. Diversity analysis based on three neutral markers formed four distinct clusters with 1, 3, 19 and 22 genotypes, respectively. Based on these finding traits specific markers were employed which further formed six distinct clusters of selected plants with 3, 17, 2, 6, 3 and 14 genotypes. The cluster analysis identified genotypes with desirable biochemical contents i.e. plant 1 of Bnj43 had low glucosinolate, plant 3 of Bnr38 had high oleic acid content, plant 5 of Bnr38 had low linolenic acid, plant 1 of Bnr23 had low erucic acid while plant 2 of Bnr25 had high oil content and plant 2 of Bnj13 had high protein content. Moreover, the polymorphism information content (PIC) value of neutral as well as trait specific SSRs ranged from 0.5 to 0.96 and 0.45 to 0.95, respectively with an overall PIC value for all primers of 0.67. Considerable genetic diversity found among the F8-populations and their parents using SSR markers proved SSR analysis to be a useful tool. Moreover, based on the current findings, populations Bnj50F8, Bnr38F8, Bnj43F8, Bnj3F8 and Bnj25F8 are suggested to be used as source populations for transfer of desirable traits in future Brassica improvement programs.