bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon luminous galaxies in JWST CEERS data
Authors: Lin Yu-Wei , Wu Cossas K-W , Ling Chih-Teng , Goto Tomotsugu , Kim Seong Jin , Kilerci Ece , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Wang Po-Ya , Ho Simon C-C , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Raquel Bjorn Jasper R , Uno Yuri 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
It has been an unanswered question how many dusty galaxies have been undetected from the state-of-the-art observational surveys. JWST enables us to detect faint infrared (IR) galaxies that have prominent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features in the mid-IR wavelengths. PAH is a valuable tracer of star formation and dust properties in the mid-IR wavelength. The JWST Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) fields provide us with wavelength coverage from 7.7 to 21 μm using six photometric bands of the mid-IR instrument (MIRI). We have identified galaxies dominated by mid-IR emission from PAHs, termed PAH galaxies. From our multiband photometry catalogue, we selected 10 PAH galaxies displaying high flux ratios of log (S15/S10) &gt; 0.8. The SED fitting analysis indicates that these galaxies are star-forming galaxies with total IR luminosities of 1010 ∼ 1011.5 L⊙ at z ∼1. The morphology of PAH galaxies does not show any clear signatures of major merging or interaction within the MIRI resolution. The majority of them are on the star-formation main sequence at z ∼ 1. Our result demonstrates that JWST can detect PAH emissions from normal star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1, in addition to ultra-luminous infrared galaxies or luminous IR galaxies (LIRGs).
Relativistic spherical shocks in expanding media
Authors: Govreen-Segal Taya , Youngerman Noam , Palit Ishika , Nakar Ehud , Levinson Amir , Bromberg Omer 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the propagation of spherically symmetric shocks in relativistic homologously expanding media with density distributions following a power-law profile in their Lorentz factor. That is, $\rho _{_{\rm {ej}}} \propto t^{-3}\gamma _{_{\rm {ej}}}(r,t)^{-\alpha }$, where $\rho _{_{\rm {ej}}}$ is the medium proper density, $\gamma _{_{\rm {ej}}}$ is its Lorentz factor, α &gt; 0 is constant, and t, r are the time and radius from the centre. We find that the shocks behaviour can be characterized by their proper velocity, $U^{\prime }=\Gamma _s^{\prime }\beta _s^{\prime }$, where $\Gamma _s^{\prime }$ is the shock Lorentz factor as measured in the immediate upstream frame and $\beta _s^{\prime }$ is the corresponding three velocity. While generally, we do not expect the shock evolution to be self-similar, for every α &gt; 0 we find a critical value $U^{\prime }_c$ for which a self-similar solution with constant U′ exists. We then use numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of general shocks. We find that shocks with $U^{\prime }\gt U^{\prime }_c$ have a monotonously growing U′, while those with $U^{\prime }\lt U^{\prime }_c$ have a decreasing U′ and will eventually die out. Finally, we present an analytic approximation, based on our numerical results, for the evolution of general shocks in the regime where U′ is ultrarelativistic.
Investigation of the correlation between optical and γ-ray flux variations in the blazar Ton 599
Authors: Rajput Bhoomika , Mandal Amit Kumar , Pandey Ashwani , Stalin C S , Max-Moerbeck Walter , Mathew Blesson 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
The correlation between optical and γ-ray flux variations in blazars reveals a complex behaviour. In this study, we present our analysis of the connection between changes in optical and γ-ray emissions in the blazar Ton 599 over a span of approximately 15 yr, from 2008 August to 2023 March. Ton 599 reached its highest flux state across the entire electromagnetic spectrum during the second week of 2023 January. To investigate the connection between changes in optical and γ-ray flux, we have designated five specific time periods, labelled as epochs A, B, C, D, and E. During periods B, C, D, and E, the source exhibited optical flares, while it was in its quiescent state during period A. The γ-ray counterparts to these optical flares are present during periods B, C, and E; however, during period D, the γ-ray counterpart is either weak or absent. We conducted a broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting by employing a one-zone leptonic emission model for these epochs. The SED analysis unveiled that the optical–ultraviolet emission primarily emanated from the accretion disc in quiescent period A, whereas synchrotron radiation from the jet dominated during periods B, C, D, and E. Diverse correlated patterns in the variations of optical and γ-ray emissions, like correlated optical and γ-ray flares, could be accounted for by changes in factors such as the magnetic field, bulk Lorentz factor, and electron density. On the other hand, an orphan optical flare could result from increased magnetic field and bulk Lorentz factor.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura that developed 3 years after systemic lupus erythematosus had remitted with rituximab therapy
Authors: Tsuda Reina , Kido Toshiki , Okada Ikuma , Kobiyama Aoi , Kawataka Masatoshi , Yamazaki Miho , Asano Ryoko , Hounoki Hiroyuki , Shinoda Koichiro , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occasionally develop thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), which can be fatal. Here, we report a case of TTP developing 3 years after SLE remitted with rituximab (RTX) therapy. A 50-year-old woman was treated with RTX for marked immune thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia due to SLE relapse. After induction of remission, she was treated with prednisolone alone without maintenance therapy with RTX. Approximately 3 years later, she was readmitted with marked thrombocytopenia and severe renal dysfunction. On admission, she was diagnosed with TTP for the first time based on severe reduction in a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activity and detection of ADAMTS13 inhibitors. CD19+ B cells in the patient’s serum increased to 34%, suggesting that B cells had reactivated once the effect of RTX had subsided. The patient was successfully treated with plasmapheresis, glucocorticoid pulse therapy, and RTX. There are no previous reports of newly diagnosed TTP with ADAMTS13 inhibitor production after having achieved remission of SLE with RTX. Therefore, our report also discusses the potential mechanisms of production of new autoantibodies after B-cell depletion therapy.
Patterns of change in regulatory modules of chemical reaction systems induced by network modification
Authors: Hishida Atsuki , Okada Takashi , Mochizuki Atsushi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cellular functions are realized through the dynamics of chemical reaction networks formed by thousands of chemical reactions. Numerical studies have empirically demonstrated that small differences in network structures among species or tissues can cause substantial changes in dynamics. However, a general principle for behavior changes in response to network structure modifications is not known. The chemical reaction system possesses substructures called buffering structures, which are characterized by a certain topological index being zero. It was proven that the steady-state response to modulation of reaction parameters inside a buffering structure is localized in the buffering structure. In this study, we developed a method to systematically identify the loss or creation of buffering structures induced by the addition of a single degradation reaction from network structure alone. This makes it possible to predict the qualitative and macroscopic changes in regulation that will be caused by the network modification. This method was applied to two reaction systems: the central metabolic system and the mitogen-activated protein kinases signal transduction system. Our method enables identification of reactions that are important for biological functions in living systems.
Evaluating and Characterizing the Scope of Care for Interventions Labeled as Manual Therapy in Low Back Pain Trials: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wenger Laura E , Barrett Dustin R , Rhon Daniel I , Young Jodi L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate and characterize the scope of care for low back pain that falls under the specific label of manual therapy.

Methods
PubMed database, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and SPORTDiscus were searched from journal inception through May 2022 for randomized controlled trials that investigated the treatment of low back pain using manual therapy. Terminology used to define manual therapy was extracted and categorized by using only the words included in the description of the intervention. An expert consultation phase was undertaken to gather feedback.

Results
One hundred seventy-six trials met final inclusion criteria, and 169 unique terms labeled as manual therapy for the treatment of low back pain were found. The most frequent terms were mobilization (29.0%), manipulation (16.0%), and thrust (6.4%). Eight percent of trials did not define or specify what type of manual therapy was used in the study. After removing duplicates, 169 unique terms emerged within 18 categories.

Conclusions
Manual therapy intervention labels used in low back pain trials are highly variable. With such variation, the heterogeneity of the intervention in trials is likely large, and the likelihood that different trials are comparing the same interventions is low. Researchers should consider being more judicious with the use of the term manual therapy and provide greater detail in titles, methods, and supplementary appendices in order to improve clarity, clinical applicability, and usefulness of future research.

Impact
The ability to interpret and apply findings from manual therapy–related research for low back pain is challenging due to the heterogeneity of interventions under this umbrella term. A clear use of terminology and description of interventions by researchers will allow for improved understanding for the role of manual therapy in managing back pain.
Anatomical Substrates of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Rebound in a Rodent Model of Post-sevoflurane Sleep Disruption
Authors: Atluri Navya , Dulko Elzbieta , Jedrusiak Michal , Klos Joanna , Osuru Hari P. , Davis Eric , Beenhakker Mark , Kapur Jaideep , Zuo Zhiyi , Lunardi Nadia 
Published: December 2023

Background
Previous research suggests that sevoflurane anesthesia may prevent the brain from accessing rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. If true, then patterns of neural activity observed in REM-on and REM-off neuronal populations during recovery from sevoflurane should resemble those seen after REM sleep deprivation. In this study, the authors hypothesized that, relative to controls, animals exposed to sevoflurane present with a distinct expression pattern of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, in a cluster of nuclei classically associated with REM sleep, and that such expression in sevoflurane-exposed and REM sleep–deprived animals is largely similar.

Methods
Adult rats and Targeted Recombination in Active Populations mice were implanted with electroencephalographic electrodes for sleep–wake recording and randomized to sevoflurane, REM deprivation, or control conditions. Conventional c-Fos immunohistochemistry and genetically tagged c-Fos labeling were used to quantify activated neurons in a group of REM-associated nuclei in the midbrain and basal forebrain.

Results
REM sleep duration increased during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia relative to controls (157.0 ± 24.8 min vs. 124.2 ± 27.8 min; P = 0.003) and temporally correlated with increased c-Fos expression in the sublaterodorsal nucleus, a region active during REM sleep (176.0 ± 36.6 cells vs. 58.8 ± 8.7; P = 0.014), and decreased c-Fos expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, a region that is inactive during REM sleep (34.8 ± 5.3 cells vs. 136.2 ± 19.6; P = 0.001). Fos changes similar to those seen in sevoflurane-exposed mice were observed in REM-deprived animals relative to controls (sublaterodorsal nucleus: 85.0 ± 15.5 cells vs. 23.0 ± 1.2, P = 0.004; ventrolateral periaqueductal gray: 652.8 ± 71.7 cells vs. 889.3 ± 66.8, P = 0.042).

Conclusions
In rodents recovering from sevoflurane, REM-on and REM-off neuronal activity maps closely resemble those of REM sleep–deprived animals. These findings provide new evidence in support of the idea that sevoflurane does not substitute for endogenous REM sleep.

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ICU Utilization After Implementation of Minor Severe Pneumonia Criteria in Real-Time Electronic Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Carr Jason R. , Knox Daniel B. , Butler Allison M. , Lum Marija M. , Jacobs Jason R. , Jephson Al R. , Jones Barbara E. , Brown Samuel M. , Dean Nathan C. 
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To determine if the implementation of automated clinical decision support (CDS) with embedded minor severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) criteria was associated with improved ICU utilization among emergency department (ED) patients with pneumonia who did not require vasopressors or positive pressure ventilation at admission.

DESIGN:
Planned secondary analysis of a stepped-wedge, cluster-controlled CDS implementation trial.

SETTING:
Sixteen hospitals in six geographic clusters from Intermountain Health; a large, integrated, nonprofit health system in Utah and Idaho.

PATIENTS:
Adults admitted to the hospital from the ED with pneumonia identified by: 1) discharge International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes for pneumonia or sepsis/respiratory failure and 2) ED chest imaging consistent with pneumonia, who did not require vasopressors or positive pressure ventilation at admission.

INTERVENTIONS:
After implementation, patients were exposed to automated, open-loop, comprehensive CDS that aided disposition decision (ward vs. ICU), based on objective severity scores (sCAP).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The analysis included 2747 patients, 1814 before and 933 after implementation. The median age was 71, median Elixhauser index was 17, 48% were female, and 95% were Caucasian. A mixed-effects regression model with cluster as the random effect estimated that implementation of CDS utilizing sCAP increased 30-day ICU-free days by 1.04 days (95% CI, 0.48–1.59; p < 0.001). Among secondary outcomes, the odds of being admitted to the ward, transferring to the ICU within 72 hours, and receiving a critical therapy decreased by 57% (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26–0.68; p < 0.001) post-implementation; mortality within 72 hours of admission was unchanged (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.56–2.01; p = 0.82) while 30-day all-cause mortality was lower post-implementation (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of electronic CDS using minor sCAP criteria to guide disposition of patients with pneumonia from the ED was associated with safe reduction in ICU utilization.
Incorporation of quantitative imaging data using artificial intelligence improves risk prediction in veterans with liver disease
Authors: Su Grace L. , Zhang Peng , Belancourt Patrick X. , Youles Bradley , Enchakalody Binu , Perumalswami Ponni , Waljee Akbar , Saini Sameer 
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims:
Utilization of electronic health records data to derive predictive indexes such as the electronic Child-Turcotte-Pugh (eCTP) Score can have significant utility in health care delivery. Within the records, CT scans contain phenotypic data which have significant prognostic value. However, data extractions have not traditionally been applied to imaging data. In this study, we used artificial intelligence to automate biomarker extraction from CT scans and examined the value of these features in improving risk prediction in patients with liver disease.

Approach and Results:
Using a regional liver disease cohort from the Veterans Health System, we retrieved administrative, laboratory, and clinical data for Veterans who had CT scans performed for any clinical indication between 2008 and 2014. Imaging biomarkers were automatically derived using the analytic morphomics platform. In all, 4614 patients were included. We found that the eCTP Score had a Concordance index of 0.64 for the prediction of overall mortality while the imaging-based model alone or with eCTP Score performed significantly better [Concordance index of 0.72 and 0.73 (p<0.001)]. For the subset of patients without hepatic decompensation at baseline (n=4452), the Concordance index for predicting future decompensation was 0.67, 0.79, and 0.80 for eCTP Score, imaging alone, or combined, respectively.

Conclusions:
This proof of concept demonstrates that the potential of utilizing automated extraction of imaging features within CT scans either alone or in conjunction with classic health data can improve risk prediction in patients with chronic liver disease.
Clinical Significance of Increased Skeletal Muscle Mass During Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine Treatment in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Iede Kiyotsugu , Yamada Terumasa , Ishida Tomo , Tsuda Yujiro , Nakashima Shinsuke , Tanida Tsukasa , Matsuyama Jin , Nakata Ken , Tominaga Shusei 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
The clinical significance of increased skeletal muscle mass during nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) treatment in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) remains unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated the characteristics of patients after AG treatment to evaluate the clinical significance of increased skeletal muscle mass during treatment.

Methods
From January 2015 to August 2021, 67 patients with APC received AG as first-line chemotherapy at Higashiosaka City Medical Center. Of these patients, 39 received second-line (2L) chemotherapy after AG therapy, and 28 received best supportive care. Patients' characteristics at the end of AG treatment were compared retrospectively between these 2 groups, and the relevant factors at the end of first-line treatment for 2L chemotherapy induction were analyzed.

Results
A performance status of 0 to 1 and increased skeletal muscle mass during AG therapy were independently associated with 2L chemotherapy induction in multivariate analysis. A high relative dose intensity (≥50%) in the first 8 weeks of AG treatment was more frequently found in patients with increased skeletal muscle mass during treatment (P = 0.037).

Conclusions
Increased skeletal muscle mass during AG treatment might contribute to the higher prevalence of 2L chemotherapy induction in patients with APC.
Use of Computed Tomography–Based Texture Analysis to Differentiate Benign From Malignant Salivary Gland Lesions
Authors: Jiang Shuqi , Su Yangfan , Liu Yanwen , Zhou Zewang , Li Maotong , Qiu Shijun , Zhou Jie 
Published: December 2023

Objective
Salivary gland lesions show overlapping morphological findings and types of time/intensity curves. This research aimed to evaluate the role of 2-phase multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) texture analysis in differentiating between benign and malignant salivary gland lesions.

Methods
In this prospective study, MSCT was carried out on 90 patients. Each lesion was segmented on axial computed tomography (CT) images manually, and 33 texture features and morphological CT features were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm predictors of malignancy (P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant), followed by receiver operating characteristics analysis to assess the diagnostic performance.

Results
Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that morphological CT features (shape, size, and invasion of adjacent tissues) and 17 CT texture parameters had significant differences between benign and malignant lesions (P < 0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression demonstrated that shape, invasion of adjacent tissues, entropy, and inverse difference moment were independent factors for malignant tumors. The diagnostic accuracy values of multivariate binary logistic models based on morphological parameters, CT texture features, and a combination of both were 87.8%, 90%, and 93.3%, respectively.

Conclusions
Two-phase MSCT texture analysis was conducive to differentiating between malignant and benign neoplasms in the salivary gland, especially when combined with morphological CT features.
The impact of higher uptake of plant-based diets in England: model-based estimates of health care resource use and health-related quality of life
Authors: Henderson Nadine , Sampson Chris 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant-based diets have grown in popularity in recent years, in part because of the perceived health benefits; higher consumption of vegetables and other healthy foods is associated with better nutrition and reduced risk of disease. In this study, we estimate the potential impact of higher uptake of a 100% plant-based (vegan) diet in England from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS). We estimate the impact in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), health care expenditure, and total net benefit compared to the current level of uptake.This model-based analysis combines estimates for disease prevalence, the relative risk of disease associated with a vegan diet, and disease-specific health state utility values (HSUVs) and health care costs. We conducted a literature review to identify the most suitable inputs to the model, which included estimates for cancer, coronary heart disease, cataracts, diverticular disease, bone fractures, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. The model is open-source and implemented in an interactive online dashboard, allowing for further extension and exploration of the findings.In our base case analysis with 100% adoption of a plant-based diet in England, the total health care cost savings across all considered diseases is around £6.7 billion per year, with 172,735 additional QALYs, and a total net benefit to the NHS of around £18.8 billion when QALYs are valued at £70,000. The majority of potential savings are realised through the avoidance of almost 1.3 million cases of type 2 diabetes.Numerous challenges are associated with estimating the impact of widespread dietary changes in society. However, strong evidence shows that plant-based diets are associated with better health outcomes for some of England’s most significant causes of disease burden. Higher rates of plant-based diet adoption may bring considerable cost savings for the NHS and generate substantial health benefits for the population. Policymakers should consider the relevance of these estimates to their settings and the potential for interventions that support healthy dietary changes that contribute to population health. Future research should seek to identify the causal effects of plant-based diet adoption on health outcomes, and health care resource use across different populations.FundingThis study was funded by a grant from The Vegan Society.Author DeclarationsThe authors are employees of the Office of Health Economics, a registered charity and independent research organisation that receives funding from a variety of sources. Both authors identify as vegan. CS is a member of The Vegan Society.