bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway inflammation: chemokine‐induced neutrophilia and the class I phosphoinositide 3‐kinases
Authors: Thomas Matthew J. , Smith Alexandra , Head Denise H. , Milne Laura , Nicholls Andrew , Pearce Wayne , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Wymann Matthias P. , Hirsch Emilio , Trifilieff Alexandre , Walker Christoph , Finan Peter , Westwick John 
Published: March 2005

AbstractClass I phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K) are known to play a significant role in neutrophil chemotaxis. However, the relative contributions of different PI3K isoforms, and how these impact on lung inflammation, have not been addressed. In vitro studies using wild‐type and PI3Kγ knockout neutrophils demonstrated the major role of the γ isoform in chemotactic but not chemokinetic events. This was confirmed by a model of direct chemokine instillation into the airways in vivo. Within all studies, a low yet significant degree of neutrophil movement in the absence of PI3Kγ could be observed. No role for the δ isoform was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo using PI3Kδ kinase‐dead knock‐in mice. Moreover, further studies using the broad‐spectrum PI3K inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 showed no other class I PI3K isoforms to be involved in these chemotactic processes. Here, we identify a contributory PI3K‐independent mechanism of neutrophil movement, yet demonstrate PI3Kγ as the pivotal mediator through which the majority of neutrophils migrate into the lung in response to chemokines. These data resolve the complexities of chemokine‐induced neutrophilia and PI3K signaling and define the γ isoform as a promising target for new therapeutics to treat airway inflammatory diseases.
Integrin activation by bacterial fimbriae through a pathway involving CD14, Toll‐like receptor 2, and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase
Authors: Harokopakis Evlambia , Hajishengallis George 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCD11b–CD18 and other integrins play important roles in immunity and inflammation and require prior activation through inside‐out signaling to efficiently bind their ligands. We present evidence for a novel TLR2‐dependent signaling pathway that leads to CD11b–CD18 activation in human monocytes or neutrophils upon recognition of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae through CD14. The activated binding‐state of CD11b–CD18, which involves induction of conformational changes, was monitored through detection of an activation‐specific epitope of CD11b. The ability of fimbriae to induce this activation epitope was significantly inhibited by a mAb to TLR2, but not to TLR4 or unrelated surface molecules. Moreover, the ability of fimbriae to activate CD11b–CD18 was significantly inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase but not of PKC or of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase. The signaling pathway activated by fimbriae is distinct from that which is activated by N‐formyl‐Met–Leu–Phe, a prototypical integrin activator, since the former was insensitive to pertussis toxin. This novel function of TLR2 as a signaling receptor for pathogen‐induced activation of CD11b–CD18 may play a significant role in infection‐driven chronic inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal disease or atherosclerosis, where P. gingivalis has been implicated.
The granzyme B inhibitor proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI9) is expressed by human mast cells
Authors: Bladergroen Bellinda A. , Strik Merel C. M. , Wolbink Angela M. , Wouters Dorine , Broekhuizen Roel , Kummer J. Alain , Hack C. Erik 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe activity of granzyme B, a main effector molecule of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells, is regulated by the human intracellular serpin proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI9). This inhibitor is particularly expressed by CTL and dendritic cells, in which it serves to protect these cells against endogenous and locally released granzyme B. Moreover, PI9 expression by neoplastic cells may constitute one of the mechanisms for tumors to escape immune surveillance. Here we show that PI9 is also expressed by human mast cells. In immunohistochemical studies using a PI9‐specific monoclonal antibody, strong cytoplasmic staining for PI9 was found in normal mast cells in various tissues throughout the body. In addition, in 80% of all cases of cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis tested the majority of the mast cells expressed PI9. As an in vitro model for PI9 expression by mast cells, we studied expression by the human mast cell line HMC‐1. Stimulation of HMC‐1 with PMA and the calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in a marked increase of PI9 expression. Thus, PI9 is expressed by activated mast cells. We suggest that this expression serves to protect these cells against apoptosis induced by granzyme B released during initiation of the local inflammatory response.
A new approach for sequencing human IRS1 phosphotyrosine‐containing peptides using CapLC‐Q‐TOFmicro
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Ming , Lu Mary Y. , Fischman Alan J. , Tompkins Ronald G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractReversible phosphorylation of proteins functions as a biological switching network for activation and inhibition of downstream biological processes. Since phosphorylations of these sites are often transient processes, and hence sub‐stoichiometric, systematic characterization of phosphorylation sites is a formidable challenge. In this work, a new approach was developed to pinpoint phosphotyrosine sites on tyrosine‐containing peptides. This required (1) the development of a new and highly sensitive nano‐electrospray assembly and (2) validation of the concept that the specificity and detection limit for trace levels of phosphotyrosine immonium ion in peptide mixtures from protein digests can be increased by varying the collision energy. With our method, an automatic tandem mass spectrometric analysis of peptides eluted from a C18 capillary liquid chromatographic column is triggered by a positive confirmation of phosphotyrosine immonium ion in a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric survey. The approach was tested by analyzing the phosphorylation of human IRS‐1 peptides that interact with the Src‐homology 2 domain and mixtures of these peptides with tryptic digests of bovine serum albumin and horse heart myoglobin. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of FeII‐mediated decomposition of a linoleic acid‐derived lipid hydroperoxide by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Seon Hwa , Oe Tomoyuki , Arora Jasbir S. , Blair Ian A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIntracellular FeII, which is up‐regulated during oxidative stress and during iron overload, induces the formation of a hydroxyl radical by Fenton chemistry. The hydroxyl radical can convert the prototypic ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid, to 13‐hydroperoxy‐9,11‐(Z,E)‐octadecadienoic acid (13‐HPODE). Cyclooxygenases can also convert linoleic acid to 13(S)‐HPODE during oxidative stress. Subsequent FeII‐mediated decomposition to protein‐ and DNA‐reactive bifunctional electrophiles was examined by normal‐phase liquid chromatography (LC)/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)/mass spectrometry. The potential individual bifunctional electrophiles trans‐4,5‐epoxy‐2(E)‐decenal (EDE), cis‐EDE, 4‐oxo‐2(E)‐nonenal (ONE) and 4‐hydroxy‐2(E)‐nonenal (HNE) exhibited protonated molecular ions at m/z 169, 169, 155 and 157, respectively. The MH+ ion at m/z 173 for 4‐hydroperoxy‐2(E)‐nonenal (HPNE) was very weak with an ion corresponding to the loss of OH at m/z 156 as the major ion in the APCI mass spectrum. The bifunctional electrophiles were all separated under normal‐phase LC conditions. Interestingly, ions corresponding to ONE and HNE were detected at the same retention time as HPNE, suggesting that it decomposed in the source of the mass spectrometer to ONE and HNE. All five bifunctional electrophiles were formed when 13‐HPODE was treated with 50 µM FeII. At this concentration of FeII, the addition of vitamin C resulted in increased bifunctional electrophile formation. At higher concentrations of FeII (500 µM to 2 mM), no HPNE was detected and there was no additive effect of vitamin C. Additional experiments with synthetic HPNE revealed that it was quantitatively converted to a mixture of ONE and HNE by FeII. The HNE is thought to arise from a one‐electron reduction of an alkoxy radical derived from HPNE. In contrast, ONE can arise through an α‐cleavage of the HPNE‐derived alkoxy radical or by direct dehydration of HPNE. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new high‐performance liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil as markers of surface contamination for occupational exposure monitoring
Authors: Sabatini Laura , Barbieri Anna , Tosi Marco , Violante Francesco Saverio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new high‐performance liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU), methotrexate (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CP) in environmental samples. These compounds, commonly used in the treatment of cancer, are recognized as genotoxic. In order to estimate the occupational exposure of hospital personnel handling these drugs, wipe samples were taken from the working surfaces and directly analyzed (with trophosphamide as internal standard) using a reversed‐phase capillary column and MS/MS detection. This is the first HPLC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 5FU, MTX and CP. The present method offers high sensitivity, with detection limits of 1.1 µg l−1 for MTX and CP and 33.3 µg l−1 for 5FU, avoiding any sample preconcentration procedure. Rapidity, specificity, high accuracy (mean values between 92.4 and 99.9%) and precision (mean RSD values between 3.4 and 12.1%) make the method suitable for the routine determination of these three antineoplastic drugs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques to study organic coatings on archaeological amphorae
Authors: Colombini Maria Perla , Modugno Francesca , Ribechini Erika 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo different analytical approaches, direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry (DE‐MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were compared in a study of archaeological resinous materials. DE‐MS was found to be an efficient fingerprinting tool for the fast screening of organic archaeological samples and for providing information on the major components. GC/MS appeared to be more efficient in unravelling the sample composition at a molecular level, despite the long analysis time and the need for a wet chemical pretreatment. Both procedures were applied to characterize the organic material present as coatings in Roman and Egyptian amphorae. DE‐MS successfully identified abietanic compounds, hence a diterpenic resinous material could be identified and its degree of oxidation assessed. GC/MS enabled us to identify dehydroabietic acid, 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid, 15‐hydroxy‐7‐oxodehydroabietic acid, 15‐hydroxydehydroabietic acid, retene, tetrahydroretene, norabietatriene, norabietatetraene and methyl dehydroabietate. These oxidized and aromatized abietanes provided evidence that the amphorae examined were waterproofed with a pitch produced from resinous wood of plants from thePinaceaefamily. The chemometric evaluation of the GC/MS data highlighted significant chemical differences between the pitches found in the two archaeological sites, basically related to differences in the production techniques of the materials and in their degradation pathways. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on localized corrosion mechanism of 2195 Al‐Li alloy in 4.0% NaCl solution (pH 6.5) using a three‐electrode coupling system
Authors: Li J. F. , Zheng Z. Q. , Jiang N. , Li S. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLocalized corrosion morphologies of 2195 Al‐Li alloy with various heat treatment in 4.0% NaCl solution (pH 6.5) were investigated, and its corrosion mechanism was studied using a three‐electrode coupling system of α (Al) substituting for the precipitate‐free zone (PFZ), simulated bulk θ′ (Al2Cu) and T1 (Al2CuLi). θ′ acts as cathodic zone in the alloy. At the initial stage, T1 phase is active with respect to θ′ and α (Al), and endures the main anodic current, indicating that anodic dissolution occurs on T1. However, its potential moves to positive direction with immersion time, due to dealloying of Li from T1. As a result, the main anodic dissolution occurs on α (Al) at a later stage. At this stage, as only T1 and α (Al) are coupled, T1 is cathodic to α (Al). In real 2195 alloy, T1 phase is very tiny, and anodic dissolution of T1 and PFZ occurs alternately. These results show that its intergranular corrosion or intersubgranular corrosion is caused by alternate anodic dissolution of T1 phase and PFZ along grain and subgrain boundaries.
Adsorption mechanism of non‐toxic organic inhibitors on steel in solutions at pH 8 determined by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements
Authors: Akrout H. , Bousselmi L. , Triki E. , Maximovitch S. , Dalard F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe adsorption on steel of two compounds, ascorbic acid salts (SA) and 1‐hydroxyethylidene,1‐diphosphonic acid salts (SHEDP), used alone or simultaneously, was studied using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). These products are considered to be non‐toxic organic corrosion inhibitors. SA adsorption was greater at cathodic potentials than at the corrosion potential, while SHEDP adsorbed better at the corrosion potential.The effectiveness of these two inhibitors is discussed in relation to the polarization curves. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain the adsorption mechanism in the presence of the two compounds used either alone or together.
Oxidation behaviour of particle reinforced MoSi2 composites at temperatures up to 1700°C. Part II: Initial screening of the oxidation behaviour of MoSi2 composites
Authors: Lohfeld S. , Schütze M. , Böhm A. , Güther V. , Rix R. , Scholl R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the first part of this paper a literature survey on the oxidation behaviour of MoSi2 and MoSi2 composites has been given. The present second part reports about the experimental results from oxidation tests with several MoSi2 composites containing 15 vol.‐% Al2O3, Y2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, SiC, TiB2, ZrB2, or HfB2, respectively, from different development stages. The tests were conducted at 1600°C in air for 100 hours. It was shown that the production route of the powders has a significant influence on the performance of the materials at high temperatures. This was attributed to contaminations. Additionally, the results indicated that only the composites with SiC, ZrO2 or HfO2, respectively, are suitable for application above 1500°C. A more detailed report about the optimised material will follow in the third part of this paper.
Multicentered Gaussian‐based potentials for coarse‐grained polymer simulations: Linking atomistic and mesoscopic scales
Authors: Milano Giuseppe , Goudeau Sylvain , Müller‐Plathe Florian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new analytical form for bond and angle potentials suitable for obtaining mesoscale effective force fields from target distributions is reported. Applications to realistic coarse‐grained models of atactic polystyrene and polyamide‐6,6 are described. The potential optimization procedure, despite its simplicity, allows the accurate reproduction of the target atomistic distributions. The procedure has been validated for both bond and angle potentials. Nonbonded numerical potentials have been optimized by pressure‐corrected iterative Boltzmann inversion. Thus, the proposed coarse‐graining strategy consists of hybrid analytical and numerical contributions to the mesoscale polymer force field. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 871–885, 2005
Carbon cycling and budget in a forested basin of southwestern Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Shibata Hideaki , Hiura Tsutom , Tanaka Yumiko , Takagi Kentaro , Koike Takayoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractQuantification of annual carbon sequestration is very important in order to assess the function of forest ecosystems in combatting global climate change and the ecosystem responses to those changes. Annual cycling and budget of carbon in a forested basin was investigated to quantify the carbon sequestration of a cool‐temperate deciduous forest ecosystem in the Horonai stream basin, Tomakomai Experimental Forest, northern Japan. Net ecosystem exchange, soil respiration, biomass increment, litterfall, soil‐solution chemistry, and stream export were observed in the basin from 1999–2001 as a part of IGBP‐TEMA project. We found that 258 g C m−2 year−1 was sequestered annually as net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the forested basin. Discharge of carbon to the stream was 4 g C m−2 year−1 (about 2% of NEE) and consisted mainly of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). About 43% of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was retained in the vegetation, while about 57% of NEP was sequestered in soil, suggesting that the movement of sequestered carbon from aboveground to belowground vegetation was an important process for net carbon accumulation in soil. The derived organic carbon from aboveground vegetation that moved to the soil mainly accumulated in the solid phase of the soil, with the result that the export of dissolved organic carbon to the stream was smaller than that of dissolved inorganic carbon. Our results indicated that the aboveground and belowground interaction of carbon fluxes was an important process for determining the rate and retention time of the carbon sequestration in a cool‐temperate deciduous forest ecosystem in the southwestern part of Hokkaido, northern Japan.
Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and Internalizing and Externalizing psychopathology
Authors: Garnefski Nadia , Kraaij Vivian , van Etten Marije 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTObjectiveof the study was to examine the extent to which cognitive emotion regulation strategies were ‘common determinants’ of Internalizing and Externalizing problems and/or ‘specific determinants’ distinguishing one problem category from the other.Method: The sample comprised 271 12‐ to 18‐year‐old secondary school students. Internalizing and Externalizing problems were measured by the Youth Self‐Report (YSR) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies were measured by the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), in a cross‐sectional design.ResultsFirst, adolescents with Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems, comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing problems and a control group were compared on their specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Results showed that adolescents with Internalizing problems (both pure and comorbid) scored significantly higher on the cognitive emotion regulation strategies of self‐blame and rumination than those with Externalizing (pure) problems or the control group.Unique relationships between the separate cognitive strategies and Internalizing and Externalizing problems were tested by means of Multiple Regression Analyses. Specific relationships were found between Internalizing problems and self‐blame, rumination and positive reappraisal and between Externalizing problems and positive refocusing. No ‘common’ correlates were found.ConclusionsTheoretical models designed for the prediction of Internalizing problems might not simply be used for the prediction of Externalizing problems. Different (cognitive) intervention strategies should be used for adolescents with Internalizing problems and Externalizing problems.
Fear of pain associated with medical procedures and illnesses
Authors: Sastre Maróa Teresa Muñoz , Albaret Marie‐Christine , Escursell Rosa Maria Raich , Mullet Etienne 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe study was aimed at determining the dimensions of fear of pain associated with medical procedures and the dimensions of fear of pain associated with illnesses and accidents on a sample composed of young, middle‐aged and elderly persons. The participants were 573 adults (aged 26–94 years). They were presented with (a) the French adaptation of the ten medical fear items from the original FPQ plus 19 additional items, (b) the French adaptation of the 6 illness items from the original FPQ plus 49 additional items, and (c) an Exposure to Painful Situations Questionnaire. As regards the fear of medical procedures, a four‐factor structure was identified: Examination and Care, Shots, Dental care, and Invasive procedures. Older participants, and less educated participants tended to show more fear of invasive procedures than younger participants, and more educated participants. As regards the fear of pain associated with illnesses, an eight‐factor solution was found: Minor ailments, cramps, infections and abscesses, inflamed joints, colics, breaks, lesion of organs, and cancer and terminal illness. Older participants tended to show more fear of pain associated with minor ailments, inflamed joints, breaks, colic, and cramps than younger participants did. Previous exposure to pain resulted in a clear decrease in fear of pain associated with most of medical procedures, especially invasive procedures and shots.
Can personality traits and gender predict the response to morphine? An experimental cold pain study
Authors: Pud Dorit , Yarnitsky David , Sprecher Elliot , Rogowski Zeev , Adler Rivka , Eisenberg Elon 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the possible role of personality traits, in accordance with Cloninger's theory, and gender, in the variability of responsiveness to opioids. Specifically, it was intended to test whether or not the three personality dimensions — harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD) and novelty seeking (NS) — as suggested by Cloninger, can predict inter‐personal differences in responsiveness to morphine after exposure to experimental cold pain. Thirty‐four healthy volunteers (15 females, 19 males) were given the cold pressor test (CPT). Pain threshold, tolerance, and magnitude (VAS) were measured before and after (six measures, 30 min apart) the administration of either 0.5 mg/kg oral morphine sulphate (n = 21) or 0.33 mg/kg oral active placebo (diphenhydramine) (n = 13) in a randomized, double blind design. Assessment of the three personality traits, according to Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, was performed before the CPT. A high HA score (but not RD, NS, or baseline values of the three pain parameters) predicted a significantly larger pain relief following the administration of morphine sulphate (but not of the placebo). Women exhibited a larger response in response to both treatments, as indicated by a significantly increased threshold and tolerance following morphine sulphate as well as significantly increased tolerance and decreased magnitude following placebo administration. The present study confirms the existence of individual differences in response to analgesic treatment. It suggests that high HA personality trait is associated with better responsiveness to morphine treatment, and that females respond better than men to both morphine and placebo.