bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arizona Molecular ISM Survey with the SMT: Variations in the CO(2–1)/CO(1–0) Line Ratio across the Galaxy Population
Authors: Keenan Ryan P. , Marrone Daniel P. , Keating Garrett K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The J = 1 → 0 spectral line of carbon monoxide (CO(1–0)) is the canonical tracer of molecular gas. However, CO(2–1) is frequently used in its place, following the assumption that the higher-energy line can be used to infer the CO(1–0) luminosity and molecular gas mass. The use of CO(2–1) depends on a knowledge of the ratio between CO(2–1) and CO(1–0) luminosities, r
21. Here, we present galaxy-integrated r
21 measurements for 122 galaxies spanning stellar masses from 109 to 1011.5
M
⊙ and star formation rates (SFRs) from 0.08 to 35 M
⊙ yr−1. We find strong trends between r
21 and SFR, SFR surface density, star formation efficiency, and distance from the star formation main sequence (SFMS). We show that the assumption of a constant r
21 can introduce biases into the molecular gas trends in galaxy population studies and demonstrate how this affects the recovery of important galaxy scaling relations, including the Kennicutt–Schmidt law and the relation between SFMS offset and star formation efficiency. We provide a prescription that accounts for variations in r
21 as a function of SFR and can be used to convert between CO(2–1) and CO(1–0) when only one line is available. Our prescription matches variations in r
21 for both AMISS and literature samples and can be used to derive more accurate gas masses from CO(2–1) observations.
Merger Response of Halo Anisotropy Properties
Authors: Wang Kuan , Mansfield Philip , Anbajagane Dhayaa , Avestruz Camille 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anisotropy properties—halo spin, shape, position offset, velocity offset, and orientation—are an important family of dark matter halo properties that indicate the level of directional variation of the internal structures of halos. These properties reflect the dynamical state of halos, which in turn depends on the mass assembly history. In this work, we study the evolution of anisotropy properties in response to merger activity using the IllustrisTNG simulations. We find that the response trajectories of the anisotropy properties significantly deviate from secular evolution. These trajectories have the same qualitative features and timescales across a wide range of merger and host properties. We propose explanations for the behavior of these properties and connect their evolution to the relevant stages of merger dynamics. We measure the relevant dynamical timescales. We also explore the dependence of the strength of the response on time of merger, merger ratio, and mass of the main halo. These results provide insight into the physics of halo mergers and their effects on the statistical behavior of halo properties. This study paves the way toward a physical understanding of scaling relations, particularly to how systematics in their scatter are connected to the mass assembly histories of halos.
PUI Heating in the Supersonic Solar Wind
Authors: Mostafavi Parisa , Adhikari Laxman , Shrestha Bishwas L. , Zank Gary P. , Opher Merav , Hill Matthew E. , Elliott Heather A. , Brandt Pontus C. , McNutt Ralph L. , McComas David J. , Poppe Andrew R. , Provornikova Elena , Nikoukar Romina , Kollmann Peter , Stern S. Alan , Singer Kelsi N. , Verbiscer Anne , Parker Joel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The outer heliosphere is profoundly influenced by nonthermal energetic pickup ions (PUIs), which dominate the internal pressure of the solar wind beyond ~10 au, surpassing both solar wind and magnetic pressures. PUIs are formed mostly through charge exchange between interstellar neutral atoms and solar wind ions. This study examines the apparent heating of PUIs in the distant supersonic solar wind before reaching the heliospheric termination shock. New Horizons’ SWAP observations reveal an unexpected PUI temperature change between 2015 and 2020, with a notable bump in PUI temperature. Concurrent observations from the ACE and Wind spacecraft at 1 au indicate a ~50% increase in solar wind dynamic pressure at the end of 2014. Our simulation suggests that the bump observed in the PUI temperature by New Horizons is largely associated with the enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure observed at 1 au. Additional PUI temperature enhancements imply the involvement of other heating mechanisms. Analysis of New Horizons data reveals a correlation between shocks and PUI heating during the declining phase of the solar cycle. Using a PUI-mediated plasma model, we explore shock structures and PUI heating, finding that shocks preferentially heat PUIs over the thermal solar wind in the outer heliosphere. We also show that the broad shock thickness observed by New Horizons is due to the large diffusion coefficient associated with PUIs. Shocks and compression regions in the distant supersonic solar wind lead to elevated PUI temperatures and thus they can increase the production of energetic neutral atoms with large energy.
Élevage bovin, productions et transformation laitière (1815-1979)
Authors: Knittel Fabien 
Published: January 2025

Réaliser, en un seul article, une synthèse de l’histoire de l’élevage aux xixe et xxe siècles serait une véritable gageure ; nous nous proposons donc, dans cet article, d’analyser les interrelations entre l’élevage bovin, la production laitière et la transformation du lait en beurres et fromages, entre le début du xixe siècle et la fin des années 1970. Il s’agit d’une période de profondes transformations (terme que l’on préfère à « modernisation », beaucoup plus connoté) des techniques laitières ainsi que des marchés des produits laitiers. Quelques exemples de rythmes de transformations, liés au processus d’industrialisation et variés selon les régions, seront étudiés dans cet article.
Jean de Tolède, premier abbé de l’Épau (1230-1244) puis cardinal (1244-1275)
Authors: Baury Ghislain 
Published: January 2025

Les origines du célèbre cardinal Jean de Tolède faisaient encore débat il y a peu : l’historiographie anglaise tendait à le considérer comme l’ancien abbé de l’Épau, abbaye cistercienne du diocèse du Mans, mais le reste de l’historiographie internationale ainsi que l’érudition locale jugeaient les preuves insuffisantes. Deux mentions de la Chronique de Melrose, exhumées pour cette recherche, confirment cependant que l’abbé et le cardinal étaient bien la même personne. À la lumière de cette découverte, cet article propose une relecture de l’ensemble du dossier documentaire concernant le personnage pour comprendre le rôle de son étape mancelle (1230-1240) dans sa trajectoire remarquable qui le conduisit de l’Angleterre à la Curie romaine en passant par l’université de Paris, le monastère cistercien de Clairvaux, les bibliothèques de Tolède et les geôles de l’empereur Frédéric II à Naples. Il obtint sans doute l’abbatiat de l’Épau grâce à ses connexions britanniques et parce qu’il s’était déjà fait remarquer par ses capacités intellectuelles au sein de l’ordre cistercien. Il fut semble-t-il peu présent au sein de son abbaye, où il ne laissa pas un souvenir impérissable. Il s’en servit plutôt comme d’un marchepied pour gagner en influence, notamment grâce à sa participation régulière au Chapitre Général de Cîteaux. C’est ce qui lui permit d’être envoyé à Rome comme l’un des délégués de l’Ordre au concile de 1241. Cette mission l’associa définitivement à la Curie romaine, même s’il ne résigna sa charge d’abbé de l’Épau qu’en 1244, au moment d’être nommé cardinal. Et s’il joua au Sacré Collège le rôle de représentant de l’Ordre cistercien, il perdit dès lors de vue l’abbaye mancelle.
Rationalisation et organisation de l’usage des eaux à Moissac (Tarn-et-Garonne) à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Van de Luitgaarden Angélique 
Published: January 2025

La position de Moissac (Tarn-et-Garonne), à la limite entre deux ensembles géologiques, permet à la population de puiser son eau à la fois dans un aquifère alluvial et dans un ensemble de petits aquifères pris dans les molasses. L’étude archéologique et hydrogéologique de l’organisation de l’alimentation en eau a mis en lumière une dichotomie dans les usages et dans la répartition spatiale des structures d’approvisionnement. Il apparaît en effet que la rationalisation des usages des eaux en fonction de leur provenance et de leur « potabilité » est bien ancrée dans les pratiques urbaines du xve s. Les structures semblent également intégrées dans l’espace urbain malgré la présence de fontaines extra muros, soulevant des questions sur la pertinence du modèle d’alimentation à Moissac, et plus largement ouvrant la question de la place de l’eau potable dans les dynamiques urbaines.
L’eau dans une ville d’Europe centrale et orientale. La relation homme-nature à Wrocław (Pologne) à l’époque préindustrielle
Authors: Piekalski Jerzy , Duma Paweł 
Published: January 2025

Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner les conditions de vie dans une ville et leur dépendance à l’environnement naturel déterminée par la présence d’un grand fleuve de plaine. La question sera examinée à Wrocław, ville principale de Silésie qui s’est développée à la limite de plusieurs zones culturelles et politiques. Nous présenterons le réseau hydrographique naturel et l’étendue des changements anthropiques.Nous évoquerons la qualité des sols en termes de possibilités d’aménagement, les techniques d’approvisionnement en eau de l’artisanat et des habitations, les techniques d’évacuation des eaux usées et l’utilisation des cours d’eau à des fins défensives. Le cadre chronologique couvre la période allant des débuts du peuplement du site au xie s. à l’industrialisation et à l’apparition des techniques modernes de distribution d’eau et d’assainissement au xixe s.
Le drainage d’une zone humide intégrée à la ville de Troyes (xiiie-xviiie s.)
Authors: Marchaisseau Vincent , Boulen Muriel , Gonnet Adrien , Lecomte-Schmitt Blandine , Tegel Willy , Testard Pierre , Roms Cédric 
Published: January 2025

Une fouille réalisée en 2019 a permis de documenter une zone humide tardivement intégrée à l’espace urbain, lors de l’extension de l’enceinte en 1229-1230. Un système de drainage sous la forme de canaux et fossés est mis en place selon un tracé qui sera respecté jusqu’au xviiie s. Les structures domestiques sont alors peu nombreuses et les terrains ne font pas l’objet d’un lotissement ; c’est l’image d’une zone dédiée au maraîchage et à l’horticulture qui ressort des données archéologiques et textuelles. Deux zones funéraires ont toutefois été perçues : l’extension septentrionale d’une petite nécropole carolingienne et un cimetière plus atypique, le « cimetière des Clercs », accueillant les individus morts dans les prisons de l’évêque ainsi que les suicidés. Le début du xvie s. voit des changements importants dans les canaux transformés en bonde, c’est-à-dire des canaux construits en bois avec pieux et palplanches. C’est finalement vers la fin du xviiie s. que les terrains sont investis par les premières constructions avec l’aménagement des bains publics, inaugurés en 1767.
L’impact des aménagements hydrauliques dans la construction et le fonctionnement du quartier Saint-Marcel de Cluny
Authors: Couderc Clarisse 
Published: January 2025

Le quartier Saint-Marcel de Cluny est issu d’un développement spontané qui émerge en périphérie de la ville au xie s. Ce faubourg était séparé de la ville par la rivière de la Grosne.Aux xie-xiie s., de grands travaux d’aménagements sont entrepris par l’abbaye de Cluny pour agrandir les bâtiments conventuels. Ces derniers impactèrent le réseau hydraulique de la ville et entraînèrent le rattachement du faubourg au bourg monastique. Le lit principal de la Grosne fut détourné et des canaux, qui serpentent en sous-sol du quartier Saint-Marcel, furent aménagés. Le nouveau quartier s’étendit et son parcellaire fut contraint par l’ensemble du réseau hydraulique. Cet important réseau de canaux permit l’installation de métiers nécessitant un apport direct en eau. Le quartier devint alors réputé pour ses tanneries, boucheries et blanchisseries.
L’eau et ses usages à Blois du xe au xiiie s. comme éléments structurants de l’espace urbain
Authors: Aubourg Viviane , Josset Didier , Simon Gaël 
Published: January 2025

Blois est une ville moyenne installée sur la Loire. Le fleuve est exploité pour ses ressources halieutiques et énergétiques (pêcheries et moulins), et il permet la circulation des marchandises. Depuis la construction de l’enceinte au xiiie s., la ville a été contrainte dans ses murs jusqu’à la fin de la période moderne. Du xe s. au xiiie s., la croissance urbaine est visible dans la ville et en Loire grâce aux nombreux aménagements fluviaux. Les espaces investis sur les deux rives du fleuve, ports et lieux d’accostage de bateaux, sont très dépendants de la position des ponts successifs et de celle de l’enceinte. La forme du système viaire semble aussi étroitement associée à la logique spatiale des activités commerciales. Les usages de l’eau à Blois sont des révélateurs de la croissance urbaine et des fixateurs de la structure urbaine sur le temps long. Cela se traduit par la création de corridors « fluviaires » bien visibles dans le paysage.
A Case Series Analysis of Missed Foreign Bodies in the Upper Extremity Following Penetrating Traumatic Wounds: New Insights into Old Challenges
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Ansari Mumtaz Ahmad , Pratap Arvind , Srivastava Vivek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Retained foreign bodies (FBs) are uncommon, despite the higher prevalence of traumatic puncture wounds. Injuries that cause a feeling of a foreign body should be examined thoroughly. Graphite or other pigmenting elements, wooden fragments, glass, or other vegetative FB are encountered post-trauma. Persistent sensation and associated pain are indicators that a foreign body has to be removed.

Objectives:
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate and prompt management of patients presenting with retained FBs following penetrating traumatic wounds in the upper extremity.

Materials and Methods:
All the patients presenting with foreign body sensation with history of penetrating injuries were evaluated and managed promptly in the single surgical unit of a tertiary healthcare centre for a duration of one year.

Results:
Accurately identifying high-risk individuals with a thorough medical history and physical examination is the first step in a recommended strategy. The majority of FB are the result of trauma or accidental injury. FB is possible in any wound. The next course of action should be obtaining plain film radiographs with views in at least two anatomical planes if the patient or the practitioner has a reasonable suspicion. If the clinical examination is inconclusive and only radiopaque objects (metal, glass, or gravel) are suspected, the provider may stop here. However, an ultrasound check of the area needs to be done if radiolucent things such as thorns, wood, or plastic are detected. Depending on the degree of suspicion, the physician may decide to proceed with CT or MRI if the foreign body is still not found. Prior to removing a foreign body, radiography or ultrasonography should be used for wound exploration and early imaging. It is important to go over the advantages and risks of removal with the patient. While certain FB might be kept in situ, if there is a high risk of issues, removal should be taken into consideration, as seen in our cases for the effective management of the patients.

Conclusion:
Effective foreign body removal requires a patient who is cooperative and has adequate vision of the site. Sufficient analgesia combined with judicious use of sedation and anxiolytics may prove beneficial. It is advised to irrigate the wound with a stream or normal saline water following the removal of FB.
Confronting Dual Threats: Septicemia in the Context of Dengue Fever—A Case Report
Authors: Barreto Marsha , Preethi M. , Mathew Navin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dengue fever poses a significant public health challenge in India, particularly in regions like Kerala where cases have surged in recent years. The disease spectrum ranges from mild symptoms to severe manifestations such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Atypical presentations such as myocarditis further complicate management, highlighting the need for prompt recognition and appropriate intervention. We present a case of a 25-year-old male with dengue fever complicated by myocarditis and subsequent septicemia. The patient required intensive care support and empirical antibiotics, initially with piperacillin/tazobactam and later tailored to meropenem based on culture sensitivity. His clinical course improved significantly following targeted antibiotic therapy, underscoring the importance of early detection and appropriate management of concurrent bacterial infections in dengue patients to mitigate morbidity and mortality. This case exhibits the complex interplay between viral infections and secondary bacterial complications, urging clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for bloodstream infections in dengue patients for optimal outcomes.
Abdominal Actinomycosis Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report
Authors: Gubbala Rajani , Arumugam Ponnuswamy , Kodandapani Suseela , Rao Thammineedi Subramanyeshwar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Actinomycosis is an uncommon chronic granulomatous disease caused by filamentous, gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. Actinomyces Israeli is the major human pathogen. They are commensal inhabitants of the oral cavity and intestinal tract but acquire invasion of breached or necrotic tissue. We report a 34-year-old female with intra-abdominal actinomycosis with extensive involvement of abdomen mimicking malignancy. She presented with abdominal pain and mass post laparoscopic cholecystectomy and underwent multiple biopsies which were inconclusive and was treated with antimicrobials with no relief. She was referred to our center suspecting malignancy. Biopsy was repeated and histopathology with special stains revealed actinomycosis. She was treated with intravenous crystalline penicillin of 6 million units thrice daily as an inpatient for a week. She was discharged on oral amoxicillin 1 g twice daily. The total antibiotic duration was 12 months since she had extensive disease. She was on regular follow-up and her lesions gradually regressed.
“Keeping Communication in Mind”: Integrating Audiological and Speech–Language Pathology Perspectives in the Assessment of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Biji Alison , Kollanoor Ashitha Paul , Razack Sumayya Abdul , Thasneem Shahana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A single longitudinal case study was completed on four different timelines in a child who was diagnosed with primary ciliary dyskinesia. A series of assessments was done from 2 months of age to 1 year. Detailed audiological and speech and language evaluation was done revealing absent otoacoustic emissions in the left ear. Audiological tests at 3 months revealed minimal hearing loss in the left ear and bilateral “B” type tympanograms, with active middle ear pathology. By 7 months, auditory brainstem response showed normal hearing, but middle ear pathology persisted. Developmental assessments indicate age-appropriate skills. In conclusion, despite initial auditory concerns, the child’s hearing became normal by 7 months of age even though tympanometry continued to show type “B” tympanogram. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of continuous auditory monitoring and incorporates an interdisciplinary assessment approach including medical practitioners, audiologists, and speech–language pathologists.
Levobupivacaine versus ropivacaine for brachial plexus block: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Alharran Abdullah M. , Alotaibi Muteb N. , Alenezi Yaqoub Y. , Alharran Yousef M. , Alahmad Ahmad A. , Alqallaf Abdulmuhsen , Al-Mutairi Mohammad F. , Saad Abdulbadih R. , Alazemi Mohammed H. , Saif Duaij S. , Albazee Ebraheem , Almohammad Ahmad Y. 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Brachial plexus block (BPB) is advantageous for elective orthopaedic or reconstructive upper limb surgery. However, the optimal local anaesthetic in BPB remains debatable. Therefore, we aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of levobupivacaine versus ropivacaine in BPB for upper limb surgery.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesising randomised controlled trials (RCTs), retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL since inception till June 2024. Continuous and dichotomous outcome variables were pooled using mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using Stata v. 17. We assessed heterogeneity using the Chi-square test and I2 statistic.

Results:
Sixteen RCTs and 939 patients were included. Levobupivacaine was significantly associated with a longer sensory block duration [MD: 1.66 (95% CI: 1.43, 1.89), P < 0.001] and motor block duration [MD: 1.18 (95% CI: 0.11, 2.26), P = 0.03]. However, there was no difference between both groups in time to sensory block [MD: −0.30 (95% CI: −1.31, 0.71), P = 0.56], time to motor block [MD: −0.29 (95% CI: −1.26, 0.67), P = 0.55], pain score [MD: −0.48 (95% CI: −2.13, 1.16), P = 0.56], rescue analgesia rate [RR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.20), P = 0.64], and complications [RR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.20, 1.13), P = 0.09].

Conclusions:
Levobupivacaine is significantly associated with a longer duration of sensory and motor block in patients undergoing BPB for upper limb surgery compared to ropivacaine, with a similar safety profile. However, there was no difference regarding the time to onset of the sensory or motor block.
Effects of perioperative oxycodone as the sole opioid on immunity within a multi-modal analgesia framework in patients undergoing cervical cancer surgery: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Chen Sumeng , Chen Jianxiao , Liu Hailian , Li Weiyi , Chi Haomin , Ding Xiaowei , Huang Shaoqiang 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Current views on oxycodone’s effects on immunity are inconsistent. Our objective was to compare the effects of perioperative oxycodone as the sole opioid in a multi-modal analgesia regimen with conventional opioid regimens on immunity in cervical cancer.

Methods:
In this randomised controlled trial (RCT), patients scheduled for laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer were randomised to receive either oxycodone (Group O) or conventional opioid regimens (Group C). The primary outcome was the CD4+/CD8+ ratios postoperatively at 24 and 48 h. Student’s t-test was used for normally distributed variables, the non-parametric Wilcoxon test for non-normally distributed variables, and Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test for qualitative variables, with differences significant set at P < 0.05.

Results:
We included 56 patients in the final analysis. The postoperative CD4+/CD8+ ratios were comparable between groups. However, the mean arterial pressures (MAPs) at extubation and 5 minutes thereafter were lower in Group O than in Group C (both P < 0.001), as were the heart rates (HRs) (P = 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). Within 24 h postoperatively, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for resting and movement-evoked pain were lower in Group O than in Group C (all P < 0.001), and the same was observed at 48 h postoperatively (both P = 0.002), as was the incidence of catheter-related bladder discomfort (P = 0.001). The VASs for postoperative analgesia satisfaction were higher in Group O than in Group C (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
In laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer, perioperative oxycodone as the sole opioid within a multi-modal analgesia framework does not yield anticipated benefits in immunopreservation compared to conventional opioid regimens but improves postoperative pain management and haemodynamic stability.