bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going for the Goal: Improving youths' problem‐solving skills through a school‐based intervention
Authors: O'Hearn Todd C. , Gatz Margaret 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study evaluated Going for the Goal (GOAL), a school‐based intervention designed by Danish and colleagues to teach life skills to at‐risk urban adolescents. We extended previous evaluation of GOAL by including an assessment of means‐ends problem‐solving skills. The 10‐week program was administered to 479 middle school students by 46 trained high school student leaders in a predominantly Hispanic community. The program focused on setting positive, reachable goals; anticipating and responding to barriers to goal attainment; using social support; and building on one's strengths. Results demonstrated gains in knowledge of the skills being taught and improvement in problem‐solving skills. Leaders also showed an increase in their knowledge of life skills. The approach maximizes both community resources and ecological validity while giving high school leaders the chance to benefit in their role as helpers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reunion of ideas: Complementary inquiry and collaborative interventions of spirituality, religion, and psychology
Authors: Moore Thom , Kloos Bret , Rasmussen Rachel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe intent of this special issue is to extend community psychology's voice in the growing discourse about spirituality, religion, and psychology. While lively debate will continue about particular religious beliefs, the social significance of religious and spiritual experiences cannot be overlooked. These papers will not enter the debate over the existence of a higher power, but rather they will contribute to the development of knowledge and greater understanding of how these phenomena are interwoven into social life. Some authors focus on how religion and spirituality can serve as independent variables that have an impact on phenomena of interest, from the individual to the institution. In other papers, spirituality is treated more as a dependent variable, important as an outcome in its own right. In several of the papers, religion and spirituality are integral parts of an intervention. In sum, when religion and spirituality are viewed as legitimate variables of psychological study, they offer seemingly endless perspectives on human behavior. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of phospholipases A2 in growth‐dependent changes in prostaglandin release from 3T6 fibroblasts
Authors: Sánchez Teresa , Moreno Juan Jose 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPreviously, we reported a growth‐dependent change in prostaglandin production as a consequence of a marked growth‐dependent alteration in arachidonic acid (AA) mobilization from phospholipids. Our present results show that fetal calf serum (FCS) and 4β‐phorbol‐12‐myristate acetate (PMA) caused an enhancement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in the membrane fraction of non‐confluent cells allowing PLA2 access to its substrate and the release of AA. Western blot analysis has shown that FCS and PMA increased secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) expression in non‐confluent 3T6 fibroblast cultures. Moreover, FCS and PMA induced dithiothreitol‐sensitive and bromoenol lactone‐sensitive PLA2 activities in cytosol and membrane fraction. However, these stimuli did not modify significantly the PLA2 activity in both fractions when 3T6 fibroblasts reached a high cell density. This could be associated with the impairment of AA mobilization in these cell culture conditions. On the other hand, we observed that FCS and PMA induced the same prostaglandin H synthase‐2 induction in non‐confluent and confluent culture conditions. Moreover, the prostaglandin E2 levels reached in cell culture supernatants were independent of the degree of confluence when AA was added exogenously. These results suggest that the changes of intracellular distribution of PLA2 activity of sPLA2 and iPLA2 stimulated by exogenous stimuli may be controlled by cell density conditions which constitute an important mechanism in the regulation of prostaglandin release.© 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute endotoxemia prolongs the survival of rat lung neutrophils in response to 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol 13‐acetate
Authors: Sunil Vasanthi R. , Connor Agnieszka J. , Lavnikova Natasha , Gardner Carol R. , Laskin Jeffrey D. , Laskin Debra L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcute endotoxemia is associated with prolonged survival of adherent neutrophils in the lung vasculature. In the present studies, the effects of inflammatory mediators on signaling pathways regulating neutrophil survival were examined. We found that the protein kinase C activator, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol 13‐acetate (TPA), but not interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), prolonged the survival of adherent vasculature lung neutrophils from endotoxemic rats, a response that was correlated with reduced apoptosis. Although endotoxin administration to rats induced the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1 in lung neutrophils, TPA had no effect on this response. Endotoxin administration also induced expression of total p38 and p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in neutrophils, as well as phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and its downstream target protein kinase B (PKB). Treatment of the cells with TPA increased p38 MAPK expression in cells from both control and endotoxin treated animals. Cells from endotoxin treated, but not control animals, were found to exhibit constitutive binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) which was blocked by TPA. In contrast, constitutive CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) nuclear binding activity evident in neutrophils from control animals was reduced following endotoxin administration. Moreover, this response was independent of TPA. These data suggest that NF‐κB plays a role in TPA‐induced signaling leading to prolonged survival of adherent vascular neutrophils in the lung during acute endotoxemia. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 382–389, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delaying S‐phase progression rescues cells from heat‐induced S‐phase hypertoxicity
Authors: VanderWaal R.P. , Griffith C.L. , Wright W.D. , Borrelli M.J. , Roti J.L. Roti 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mechanism by which a cell protects itself from the lethal effects of heat shock and other stress‐inducing agents is the subject of much research. We have investigated the relationship between heat‐induced damage to DNA replication machinery and the lethal effects of heat shock, in S‐phase cells, which are more sensitive to heat shock than either G1 or G2. We found that maintaining cells in aphidicolin, which prevents the passage of cells through S‐phase, can rescue S‐phase HeLa cells from the lethal effects of heat shock. When S‐phase, HeLa cells were held for 5–6 h in 3 μM aphidicolin the measured clonogenic survival was similar to that for exponentially growing cells. It is known, that heat shock induces denaturation or unfolding of proteins, rendering them less soluble and more likely to co‐isolate with the nuclear matrix. Here, we show that enhanced binding of proteins involved in DNA replication (PCNA, RPA, and cyclin A), with the nuclear matrix, correlates with lethality of S‐phase cells following heat shock under four different experimental conditions. Specifically, the amounts of RPA, PCNA, and cyclin A associated with the nuclear matrix when cells resumed progression through S‐phase correlated with cell killing. Heat‐induced enhanced binding of nuclear proteins involved with other aspects of DNA metabolism, (Mrell, PDI), do not show this correlation. These results support the hypothesis that heat‐induced changes in the binding of proteins associated with DNA replication factories are the potentially lethal lesions, which become fixed to lethal lesions by S‐phase progression but are repairable if S‐phase progression is delayed. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on endotoxin‐induced leukocyte adhesion to endothelium
Authors: Lelamali Kumtorn , Wang Wei , Gengaro Patricia , Edelstein Charles , Schrier Robert W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLeukocyte accumulation has been shown to be increased in sepsis. Moreover, in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout mice, a further increase in leukocyte accumulation has been observed during sepsis, suggesting that nitric oxide (NO) may affect leukocyte/endothelial interaction. Accelerated peroxynitrite formation also occurs during sepsis. In the present study, the effect of peroxynitrite or NO on leukocyte adhesion to nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐inhibited or endotoxin‐treated endothelium was examined. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were treated with either l‐NAME or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon‐gamma for 4 hr and subsequent leukocyte adhesion was measured. Both l‐NAME and LPS treatment resulted in increased leukocyte adhesion compared with control. Neither a peroxynitrite donor, SIN‐1, nor a direct NO donor, DETA‐NO, had any effect on leukocyte adhesion to untreated endothelium. However, when the l‐NAME or LPS‐treated endothelial cells were treated simultaneously with either SIN‐1 or DETA‐NO, there was a significant reduction in leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, at the concentrations used in the present study, neither peroxynitrite nor NO showed harmful effects on normal cultured endothelial cells. These data demonstrating inhibition of leukocyte adhesion to endotoxin‐treated endothelium suggest that peroxynitrite or NO may exert a beneficial effect during sepsis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of some amino acids and vitamin C on the anodic dissolution of tin in sodium chloride solution
Authors: Morad Mohamed Samir S , Hermas Abo Alhagag A 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe safety of canned foodstuffs should be evaluated not only by recognition of functional foods but also by the presence of toxicants in the human diet. In this study, the anodic dissolution of tin in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without 25–100 mM glycine, serine, methionine, vitamin C and some of their binary mixtures was studied by means of potentiodynamic and impedance techniques. The corroded tin surface was examined by SEM. The results indicated that the passive behaviour of tin is greatly improved by the presence of 50–100 mM glycine and methionine while such improvement is achieved only at 100 mM serine. Both cysteine and vitamin C showed aggressive action. The influence of the glycine/methionine mixture was found to be similar to that of the individual components, whereas the presence of cysteine in the cysteine/methionine mixture annuled the inhibiting action of methionine. The impedance results revealed that the dissolution reaction of tin in NaCl solution with and without glycine, serine and methionine is controlled by the charge transfer process while in the presence of cysteine and vitamin C, the mixed charge transfer and diffusion control is dominant. A rough, bare tin surface was observed in the presence of cysteine and vitamin C while a clean surface covered by corrosion products, in some zones, was observed in NaCl solution containing methionine.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced activities of lipase pretreated with organic solvents
Authors: Matsumoto Michiaki , Kida Koji , Kondo Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe catalytic activities of lipases derived from Pseudomonas sp and pretreated with various organic solvents were investigated. The activity of the solvent‐pretreated lipase was greater than that of native lipase in both the esterification reaction in an organic medium and the hydrolysis reaction in an aqueous medium. With esterification calalysed by pretreated lipase, the product, benzyl octanoate, was detected without time‐lag. Conversions at equilibrium state were correlated with the hydrophobicities of the solvents used. In the hydrolysis reaction, most pretreated lipases yielded increased acid production compared with native lipase. A linear correlation was observed between the solvent hydrophobicity and the relative initial reaction rate of the hydrolysis reaction when using pretreated lipases.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Demonstration of portosystemic venous shunts using power Doppler sonography and sonographically guided percutaneous transhepatic portovenography
Authors: Lin Chen‐Chun , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Chou Yi‐Hong , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Chang Full‐Young , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease associated with vascular abnormalities, which may occur in any organ. Cases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia accompanied by intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts, however, have rarely been described. We report a case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in which intrahepatic portosystemic shunts were detected using power Doppler sonography and portovenography with percutaneous transhepatic contrast agent injection. On gray‐scale sonography, the common hepatic artery was dilated, and dilated tubular structures mimicking dilated biliary tracts were found. Power Doppler sonography demonstrated the continuity of tortuous vascular channels connecting a branch of the right portal vein to a branch of the right hepatic vein. The dilated vascular channels and tributaries of the right hepatic vein showed a monophasic waveform pattern on spectral analysis. Portovenography showed a tangle of vascular structures connecting with a branch of the right hepatic vein. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:517–522, 2001.
Changes in renal artery resistance after meal‐induced splanchnic vasodilatation in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Perney Pascal , Taourel Patrice , Gallix Benoit , Dauzat Michel , Joomaye Zouberr , Djafari Mounir , Fabro‐Peray Pascale , Beaufort Philippe , Petrissans Bernard , Bruel Jean Michel , Blanc François 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeA relationship between vasomotor tone changes in mesenteric and renal vessels in cirrhotic patients has been suspected but remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess by duplex Doppler sonography the changes in the circulatory resistance of the renal arteries and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) following meal‐induced splanchnic vasodilatation.MethodsTwenty‐seven cirrhotic patients and 15 healthy volunteers with no hepatic or renal dysfunction were prospectively included in the study. The resistance index (RI) of the SMA and of the right and left renal arteries was measured by duplex Doppler sonography before and 30 minutes after ingestion of a standard 400‐kcal balanced liquid meal. Values in controls and patients and values before and after the meal were compared, and correlations between RIs, Child‐Pugh class (liver function), and creatinine clearance were assessed in cirrhotic patients.ResultsThe fasting renal artery RI was greater in cirrhotic patients than in controls (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference in fasting SMA RIs. After the meal, there was a significant decrease in the SMA RI in controls (0.85 ± 0.04 before versus 0.74 ± 0.03 after meal, p = 0.0001) and in cirrhotic patients (0.85 ± 0.04 before versus 0.77 ± 0.04 after, p = 0.0001) and a significant increase in the renal artery RI (0.57 ± 0.06 before versus 0.62 ± 0.05 after in controls, p = 0.001; 0.68 ± 0.07 before versus 0.70 ± 0.07 after in cirrhotic patients, p = 0.001). No correlation was found in cirrhotic patients between the changes in renal artery RI and the postprandial SMA RI decrease, the Child‐Pugh class, or the creatinine clearance.ConclusionsMeal‐induced SMA vasodilatation (RI decrease) is associated with a marked increase in the renal artery RI, worsening the renal vasoconstriction in cirrhotic patients. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:506–512, 2001.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of Majewski syndrome
Authors: Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Tongsong Theera , Wanapirak Chanane , Chanprapaph Pharuhas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMajewski syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short ribs, polydactyly, short limbs, and a cleft lip. A 26‐year‐old woman with no family history of genetic diseases presented at 31 weeks' menstrual age with preterm labor and underwent prenatal sonography to screen for fetal anomalies. Sonography revealed a small thorax, markedly short ribs, micromelia, polydactyly, a cleft lip, dolichocephaly, and severe oligohydramnios. The other structures appeared normal. The most likely diagnosis was Majewski syndrome. Vaginal breech delivery was allowed to proceed. The 1,850‐g male newborn died of respiratory failure shortly after birth. The postnatal appearance and radiographs confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:303–307, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10066
Confocal microscopy and stereology: Estimating volume, number, surface area and length by virtual test probes applied to three‐dimensional images
Authors: Kubínová Lucie , Janáček Jiří 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe opportunities of confocal microscopy applied to morphometry of microscopical structures are presented and demonstrated on stereological methods based on evaluation of optical sections within a thick slice and using computer‐generated virtual test probes. Such methods, allowing arbitrary orientation of the thick slice, can be used for estimating volume, number, surface area, and length. The methods using spatial grid of points, disector, fakir, and slicer probes are described and illustrated by different examples using our freeware 3DTOOLS software and their variance and applicability are discussed. It is shown that shifted triple or quadruple spatial grids of lines are very efficient for the surface area and volume estimation by the fakir method. Microsc. Res. Tech. 53:425–435, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in neurons and neurofibrillary degeneration of aged non‐demented and alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Gómez‐Ramos Pilar , Mufson Elliott J. , Morán M. Asunción 
Published: August 2002

AbstractApolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but its relationship with neurofibrillary degeneration remains obscure. To further analyze this relationship, hippocampal, entorhinal, temporopolar, and insular cortices of 10 non‐demented and 7 Alzheimer disease brains were studied with both light and electron microscopy. Focus was directed on pretangles and neurons starting to accumulate tangles. ApoE immunolabeling in neurons and tangles was independent of ApoE individual genotype. The majority of the neurons in all of the brains were ApoE‐negative, but virtually every brain also contained groups of ApoE‐immunoreactive neurons, with diffuse cytoplasmic labeling. Most of the ApoE‐positive tangles were extracellular, but a few tangles were shown to be intraneuronal when studied ultrastructurally. No ApoE immunoreactivity was found in neuropil threads, as well as in neurites associated with senile plaques. Double protocols with both AT‐8 and anti‐ApoE antibodies, performed to determine whether ApoE‐positive neurons were pretangle neurons, did not detect cytoplasmic AT‐8 in ApoE‐positive neurons. Though careful electron microscopy studies found ApoE reaction product in an occasional ApoE‐positive pretangle‐like neuron and a few intracellular tangles, these findings do not support that ApoE is necessary for the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The more consistent colocalization of anti‐ApoE and AT‐8 in extracellular tangles reveals that ApoE mainly binds to tangles once they are in the extracellular space, in a manner similar to that described for amyloid fibrils. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:48–58, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A conserved family of doublesex‐related genes from fishes
Authors: Huang Xiao , Cheng Hanhua , Guo Yiqing , Liu Li , Gui Jianfang , Zhou Rongjia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe sex‐determining gene Mab‐3 of C. elegans and the doublesex gene of Drosophila each contain a common DM domain and share a similar role. Human doublesex‐related gene DMRT1 also encodes a conserved DM‐related DNA‐binding domain. We present here the amplification of a broad range of DM domain sequences from three fish species using degenerate PCR. Our results reveal unexpected complexity of the DM domain gene family in vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:63–67, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of embryos from in vitro ovulated and fertilized oocytes of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Olszańska Bozdot;enna , Stȩpińska Urszula , Perry Margaret M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of quail embryos obtained after in vitro fertilization of oocytes ovulated in vitro was investigated. About 40% of the specimens, after 18–20 hr of incubation, had undergone cleavage to reach stages IV–VI when viewed under a stereo microscope. However, only 36% of these embryos contained normal, DAPI‐stained nuclei when observed under a fluorescent microscope; the other 64% showing a morphologically normal cleavage pattern did not contain nuclei. Control unfertilized oocytes, ovulated in vitro and cultured for the same time, also sometimes attained the morphologically correct stages IV–VI but their “blastomeres” were always devoid of nuclei. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor early avian embryos for the presence of nuclei when assessing development in culture.The results demonstrate, for the first time, that cytoplasmic segmentation can occur in the absence of nuclear divisions in the germinal disc of the quail and show the existence and significance of ooplasmic maternal information in birds. This phenomenon is also known for sea urchin and frogs. It is indicative of the role of maternal information in early development. The in vitro method presented here links the steps of ovulation and fertilization with the early cleavage stages under in vitro conditions and may be useful in studying mechanisms of fertilization and differentiation in birds as well as in obtaining transgenic birds by DNA injection or application of foreign, DNA‐carrying sperm. J. Exp. Zool. 292:580–586, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gill circulation: regulation of perfusion distribution and metabolism of regulatory molecules
Authors: Olson Kenneth R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fish gill is the primary regulatory interface between internal and external milieu and a variety of neurocrine, endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signals coordinate and control gill functions. Many of these messengers also affect gill vascular resistance, and they, in turn, may be inactivated (or activated) by branchial vessels. Few studies have critically addressed how flow is distributed within the gill filament, the physiological consequences thereof, or the impact of gill hormone metabolism on gill and systemic homeostasis. In most fish, the entire cardiac output perfuses the arterioarterial pathway, and this network probably accounts for the majority of passive‐ and stimulus‐induced changes in vascular resistance. The in‐series arrangement of the extensive gill microcirculation with systemic vessels is also indicative of a high capacity for metabolism of plasma‐borne messengers as well as xenobiotics. Adenosine, arginine vasotocin (AVT), and endothelin (ET) are the most potent gill constrictors identified to date, and all decrease lamellar perfusion. Perhaps not surprising, they are also inactivated by gill vessels. Acetylcholine favors perfusion of the alamellar filamental vasculature, although the physiological relevance of acetylcholine‐mediated responses remains unclear. Angiotensin, bradykinin, urotensin, natriuretic peptides, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide are vasoactive to varying degrees, but their effects on intrafilamental blood flow are unknown. If form befits function, then the complex vascular anatomy of the gill suggests a level of regulatory sophistication unparalleled in other vertebrate organs. Resolution of these issues will be technically challenging but unquestionably rewarding. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.