bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Party Origins, Party Infrastructural Strength, and Governance Outcomes
Authors: Zeng Qingjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRuling party strength is often associated with positive outcomes in autocracies, but we know little about how the effects of party strength differ across party types or which feature of party organization contributes most to better outcomes. This article argues that party infrastructural strength – the ability of grassroots party organizations to penetrate society and mobilize the masses – improves governance outcomes but only for authoritarian parties that rose to power through social movements that overthrew the existing political system. Parties that relied on mass mobilization to gain power tend to continue utilizing party strength to provide public goods and gather support. I provide empirical support for my theory using data covering all autocratic ruling parties during the post-Second World War period. The findings have major implications for understanding the intellectual and political challenges posed by well-organized one-party regimes.
Impact of primary care triage using the Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 on tertiary head and neck services in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 period
Authors: Tan Jiak-Ying , Callaghan Christopher John , Lewthwaite Alexander William , Chan Claudia Ching Hei , Wee Colette Teng , To Emily Yeg Hei , Summers Isabel , Nelson James William , Smith Mathew Benjamin , Li Lucy Qian , Morton Catriona , Porteous Lorna , Evans Andrew Stewart , Nixon Iain James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the impact of primary care utilisation of a symptom-based head and neck cancer risk calculator (Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2) in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 period on the number of primary care referrals and cancer diagnoses.MethodsThe number of referrals from April 2019 to August 2019 and from April 2020 to July 2020 (pre-calculator) was compared with the number from the period January 2021 to August 2022 (post-calculator) using the chi-square test. The patients’ characteristics, referral urgency, triage outcome, Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 score and cancer diagnosis were recorded.ResultsIn total, 1110 referrals from the pre-calculator period were compared with 1559 from the post-calculator period. Patient characteristics were comparable for both cohorts. More patients were referred on the cancer pathway in the post-calculator cohort (pre-calculator patients 51.1 per cent vs post-calculator 64.0 per cent). The cancer diagnosis rate increased from 2.7 per cent in the pre-calculator cohort to 3.3 per cent in the post-calculator cohort. A lower rate of cancer diagnosis in the non-cancer pathway occurred in the cohort managed using the Head and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 (10 per cent vs 23 per cent, p = 0.10).ConclusionHead and Neck Cancer Risk Calculator version 2 demonstrated high sensitivity in cancer diagnosis. Further studies are required to improve the predictive strength of the calculator.
New microsatellite loci to quantify genetic diversity of the photosymbiodeme-forming lichen Sticta canariensis
Authors: Goss Andrea , Werth Silke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSticta canariensis is a lichen which is rare in all parts of its range in Atlantic Europe and Macaronesia, where it occurs in laurisilva forests, a habitat highly threatened by global change. Thus, this species is of high priority for inclusion in conservation programmes where genetic diversity should be considered. We have established new microsatellite loci and generated a dataset that demonstrates the genetic diversity of the lichen-forming fungus S. canariensis from eight locations across its disjunct range, in Macaronesia, Norway and England. We genotyped 25 microsatellite loci for 65 specimens and detected five genetic clusters which resemble major geographical divisions, specifically among the Macaronesian archipelagos. The total number of observed alleles ranged from 2 to 22. These are the first microsatellite markers developed for S. canariensis and they will be useful for population genetic studies and for conservation assessments.
Housing affordability and poverty in Europe: on the deteriorating position of market renters
Authors: Hick Rod , Pomati Marco , Stephens Mark 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
There are growing concerns about housing affordability throughout Europe. Recent studies by Housing Europe and the OECD have suggested that we are witnessing a generalised deterioration in housing affordability, while other studies point to worsening housing affordability for specific groups, such as renters or low-income households. The aim of this paper is to explore trends in, and incidences and determinants of, housing affordability in a comparative European context over the period 2010 to 2018. To do this we analyse data from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey. We examine trends across different measures of housing affordability; examine its association with a variety of socio-economic characteristics and explore country-level differences in housing affordability problems. Our study finds that despite claims of worsening housing affordability, affordability measures show little sign of generalised deterioration over the period in question but that risks of affordability problems have become more concentrated on market renters during this period. At the country level, we find that gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the at-risk-of-poverty rate are associated with housing affordability problems both between countries as well as within countries over time, while housing allowance coverage and rent regulation stringency are associated with affordability problems between countries.
Solving the inverse kinematics problem of discretely actuated hyper-redundant manipulators using the multi-module searching method
Authors: Motahari Alireza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHyper-redundant manipulators are produced by cascading several mechanisms on top of each other as modules. The discrete actuation makes their control easier because discrete actuators usually do not need any feedback to control. So far, several methods have been proposed to solve the inverse kinematic problem of discretely actuated, hyper-redundant manipulators. The two-by-two searching method is better than the other methods in terms of CPU time and error. In this article, the mentioned method is generalized by choosing an arbitrary number of modules as pending modules in each step of the solution instead of the necessary two. For validation, the proposed method is compared with nine meta-heuristic searching algorithms: simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, gray wolf optimizer, stochastic fractal search, whale optimization algorithm, Giza pyramid construction, and flying fox optimization. Furthermore, the effect of the number of pending modules on CPU time and error is investigated. All the numerical problems have been solved for two case studies, one is planar and the other is spatial.
The tale of EDCs and trans identities
Authors: Arraiza Zabalegui Maite 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper critically analyses the hypothesis of the aetiological link between EDCs and trans identities from a scientific point of view, evincing its lack of evidence. It also problematizes the hypothesis by drawing from gender studies scholars who have denounced the transsex panic underlying the scientific literature on the effects of EDC on non-human animals, as well as from philosophical, biological, STG studies’, and neuroscientific elaborations that address sex-gender identities. It finds that the hypothesis that causally links prenatal exposure to EDCs and trans identities, which fuses biological determinism with a toxic and perturbing element, not only obscures the dynamic processual and relational character of trans identities, but also offers a pathologising understanding of them.
Repair of iatrogenic left pulmonary artery to left atrial appendage fistula using a covered CP stent: a case report
Authors: Kakimoto Hisako , Fujii Takanari , Tomita Hideshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report a case of iatrogenic left pulmonary artery–left atrial appendage fistula following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for residual pulmonary artery stenosis in an 11-year-old boy. This rare complication could have been predicted by understanding the anatomical relationship of these structures. In this study, simulation using three-dimensional printing greatly contributed to successful stent placement.
A rare case of severe Ebstein’s anomaly and hepatoblastoma in a neonate
Authors: Bendorf Julia R. , Albaro Cecilia A. , Turbendian Harma K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrimary liver tumours in neonates with single-ventricle palliation are exceedingly rare. We present the first reported case of neonatal hepatoblastoma with severe Ebstein’s anomaly following Starnes procedure. The patient’s postoperative course highlights the challenges and complications in simultaneous management of these diagnoses. Transition from shunted single-ventricle physiology to bidirectional cavopulmonary connection improved end-organ function, permitting more aggressive hepatic malignancy treatment.
Defining a balance by compromising with fear: A grounded theory study on returning to eating after a total gastrectomy
Authors: Baldi Licia , D’Incà Marco , Wildner Jürgen , Tecce Francesca , De Pasca Romina , Finotto Stefano , Díaz Crescitelli Matías Eduardo , Di Leo Silvia , Ghirotto Luca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesGastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy face nutrition-related complications and worsening quality of life after surgery. In this context, gastrectomized cancer patients are required to cope with new conditions. Little is known about their accommodating feeding to the new life condition as a negotiated process among stakeholders in real contexts. This study aimed to investigate the shaping of this process as influenced by the perspectives of patients, health-care professionals (HPs), and caregivers (CGs).MethodsA constructivist grounded theory study, through semi-structured interviews and interpretative coding, was designed to answer the following research question: “what is the process of returning to eating and feeding after a gastrectomy?”ResultsThe final sample included 18 participants. “Defining a balance by compromising with fear” is the core category explaining returning to eating as a process negotiated by all actors involved, with patients trying to find a feeding balance through a multi-layer compromise: with the information received by HPs, the proprioception drastically altered by gastric resection, new dietary habits to accept, and complex and often minimized conviviality. This process involves 4 main conceptual phases: relying on the doctors’ advice, perceptive realignment, rearranging food intake, and food-regulated social interaction. Those categories are also shaped by the fear of being unwell from eating and the constant fear of tumor relapse.Significance of resultsMultiple actors can meet patients’ and their CGs’ nutritional, care, and psychosocial needs. A multidisciplinary approach involving nutritionists, psychologists, occupational therapists, social workers, and anthropologists can be key to effectively managing these patients’ survivorship care. We suggest training all the professionals on the first level of nutritional counseling.
Characterizing Space‐Time Channel Network Dynamics in a Mediterranean Intermittent Catchment of Central Italy Combining Visual Surveys and Cameras
Authors: Noto Simone , Durighetto Nicola , Tauro Flavia , Grimaldi Salvatore , Botter Gianluca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNon‐perennial streams have a global prevalence, but quantitative knowledge of the temporal dynamics of their flowing length—namely the extent of the wet portion of the stream network—remains limited, as the monitoring of the spatiotemporal configuration of wet channels is challenging in most settings. This work combines the high spatial resolution of visual surveys and the high temporal resolution of camera‐based approaches to reconstruct the space‐time stream network dynamics in a 3.7 km2 Mediterranean catchment of central Italy. Information on the hydrological status of the stream network derived from 40 field surveys and sub‐hourly images collected with 21 stage‐cameras are combined exploiting the hierarchical principle. The latter postulates the existence of a Bayesian chain, defined from the local persistence of the nodes that dictates their wetting/drying order during expansion/retraction cycles of the flowing stream network. Our results highlight the complexity of network dynamics in the study area: while the number of wet nodes decreases during the dry season and increases during the wet season, the local persistency exhibits a highly heterogeneous non‐monotonic spatial pattern, originating a dynamically disconnected network. Despite this heterogeneity, the hierarchical model well approximates the temporal evolution of the state of the network nodes, with an accuracy that exceeds 99%. Crucially, the model allows the reconstruction of the wet portion even in cases in which part of the network was not observed. This work provides a novel conceptual approach for the reconstruction of the wet portion of the network in poorly accessible sites.
The attitudes of dental therapists, dental therapy educators and dental therapy students in the South of England towards domiciliary dentistry: a qualitative study
Authors: Emanuel Robert , Quach Joshua , Patel Parul , Witton Robert , Machuca-Vargas Carolina , Taylor Eleanor 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction Dental therapists (DTs) are members of the dental team with a wide scope of practice, who support the provision of dental care to patient groups including those with vulnerabilities. One such group are older patients who are often unable to attend general dental practices to access their dental care. A domiciliary or ‘home visit' may be required to deliver this care in a non-clinical setting.Aim To identify how dental therapists and dental therapy educators working in Southern England perceive domiciliary dental services and to explore the possible role of dental therapists in providing domiciliary dentistry.Method A qualitative research design using a thematic approach.Results A total of five focus groups from the three professional groups were held representing a diverse community of therapists. A number of themes emerged including: knowledge of the domiciliary patient; barriers to the provision of domiciliary care; barriers to accessing domiciliary dentistry; overcoming barriers; and benefits of providing domiciliary care.Conclusion The concept of DTs providing domiciliary care was in general viewed positively. Several perceived barriers were reported including contractual, education and training issues. These barriers would need to be overcome to improve dental workforce skill-mix in delivery of domiciliary dental care.
Electrical pulse stimulation parameters modulate N2a neuronal differentiation
Authors: Martín Daniel , Ruano Diego , Yúfera Alberto , Daza Paula 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrical pulse stimulation has been used to enhance the differentiation or proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells in tissue engineering and cancer treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the effects caused by its parameters is crucial for improvements in those fields. We propose a study of pulse parameters, to allow the control of N2a cell line fate and behavior. We have focused on designing an experimental setup that allows for the knowledge and control over the environment and the stimulation signals applied. To map the effects of the stimulation on N2a cells, their morphology and the cellular and molecular reactions induced by the pulse stimulation have been analyzed. Immunofluorescence, rt-PCR and western blot analysis have been carried out for this purpose, as well as cell counting. Our results show that low-amplitude electrical pulse stimulation promotes proliferation of N2a cells, whilst amplitudes in the range 250 mV/mm–500 mV/mm induce differentiation. Amplitudes higher than 750 mV/mm produce cell damage at low frequencies. For high frequencies, large amplitudes are needed to cause cell death. An inverse relation has been found between cell density and pulse-induced neuronal differentiation. The best condition for neuronal differentiation was found to be 500 mV/mm at 100 Hz. These findings have been confirmed by up-regulation of the Neurod1 gene. Our preliminary study of the molecular effects of electrical pulse stimulation on N2a offers premonitory clues of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway implications on the neuronal differentiation process through ES. In general, we have successfully mapped the sensitivity of N2a cells to electrical pulse stimulation parameters.
Roadmapping the next generation of silicon photonics
Authors: Shekhar Sudip , Bogaerts Wim , Chrostowski Lukas , Bowers John E. , Hochberg Michael , Soref Richard , Shastri Bhavin J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSilicon photonics has developed into a mainstream technology driven by advances in optical communications. The current generation has led to a proliferation of integrated photonic devices from thousands to millions-mainly in the form of communication transceivers for data centers. Products in many exciting applications, such as sensing and computing, are around the corner. What will it take to increase the proliferation of silicon photonics from millions to billions of units shipped? What will the next generation of silicon photonics look like? What are the common threads in the integration and fabrication bottlenecks that silicon photonic applications face, and which emerging technologies can solve them? This perspective article is an attempt to answer such questions. We chart the generational trends in silicon photonics technology, drawing parallels from the generational definitions of CMOS technology. We identify the crucial challenges that must be solved to make giant strides in CMOS-foundry-compatible devices, circuits, integration, and packaging. We identify challenges critical to the next generation of systems and applications—in communication, signal processing, and sensing. By identifying and summarizing such challenges and opportunities, we aim to stimulate further research on devices, circuits, and systems for the silicon photonics ecosystem.
Investigating the etiologies of non-malarial febrile illness in Senegal using metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Levine Zoë C. , Sene Aita , Mkandawire Winnie , Deme Awa B. , Ndiaye Tolla , Sy Mouhamad , Gaye Amy , Diedhiou Younouss , Mbaye Amadou M. , Ndiaye Ibrahima M. , Gomis Jules , Ndiop Médoune , Sene Doudou , Faye Paye Marietou , MacInnis Bronwyn L. , Schaffner Stephen F. , Park Daniel J. , Badiane Aida S. , Colubri Andres , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Sy Ngayo , Sabeti Pardis C. , Ndiaye Daouda , Siddle Katherine J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe worldwide decline in malaria incidence is revealing the extensive burden of non-malarial febrile illness (NMFI), which remains poorly understood and difficult to diagnose. To characterize NMFI in Senegal, we collected venous blood and clinical metadata in a cross-sectional study of febrile patients and healthy controls in a low malaria burden area. Using 16S and untargeted sequencing, we detected viral, bacterial, or eukaryotic pathogens in 23% (38/163) of NMFI cases. Bacteria were the most common, with relapsing feverBorreliaand spotted feverRickettsiafound in 15.5% and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Four viral pathogens were found in a total of 7 febrile cases (3.5%). Sequencing also detected undiagnosedPlasmodium, including one putativeP. ovaleinfection. We developed a logistic regression model that can distinguishBorreliafrom NMFIs with similar presentation based on symptoms and vital signs (F1 score: 0.823). These results highlight the challenge and importance of improved diagnostics, especially forBorrelia, to support diagnosis and surveillance.
Robustly federated learning model for identifying high-risk patients with postoperative gastric cancer recurrence
Authors: Feng Bao , Shi Jiangfeng , Huang Liebin , Yang Zhiqi , Feng Shi-Ting , Li Jianpeng , Chen Qinxian , Xue Huimin , Chen Xiangguang , Wan Cuixia , Hu Qinghui , Cui Enming , Chen Yehang , Long Wansheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe prediction of patient disease risk via computed tomography (CT) images and artificial intelligence techniques shows great potential. However, training a robust artificial intelligence model typically requires large-scale data support. In practice, the collection of medical data faces obstacles related to privacy protection. Therefore, the present study aims to establish a robust federated learning model to overcome the data island problem and identify high-risk patients with postoperative gastric cancer recurrence in a multicentre, cross-institution setting, thereby enabling robust treatment with significant value. In the present study, we collect data from four independent medical institutions for experimentation. The robust federated learning model algorithm yields area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.710, 0.798, 0.809, and 0.869 across four data centres. Additionally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated, and both adaptive and common features are identified through analysis.
Enantioselective synthesis of [4]helicenes by organocatalyzed intermolecular C-H amination
Authors: Liu Xihong , Zhu Boyan , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhu Hanwen , Zhang Jingying , Chu Anqi , Wang Fujun , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric synthesis of helically chiral molecules has remained an outstanding challenge and witnessed fairly limited progress in the past decades. Current methods to construct such compounds almost entirely rely on catalytic enantiocontrolled fused-ring system extension. Herein, we report a direct terminal peri-functionalization strategy, which allows for efficient assembling of 1,12-disubstituted [4]carbohelicenes via an organocatalyzed enantioselective amination reaction of 2-hydroxybenzo[c]phenanthrene derivates with diazodicarboxamides. The key feature of this approach is that the stereochemical information of the catalyst could be transferred into not only the helix sense but also the remote C-N axial chirality of the products, thus enabling the synthesis of [4]- and [5]helicenes with both structural diversity and stereochemical complexity in good efficiency and excellent enantiocontrol. Besides, the large-scale preparations and representative transformations of the helical products further demonstrate the practicality of this protocol. Moreover, DFT calculations reveal that both the hydrogen bonds and the C-H---π interactions between the substrates and catalyst contribute to the ideal stereochemical control.