bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the host range of Plasmodium huffi: morphological, histopathological and molecular characterization in red-legged seriemas from Brazil
Authors: de Carvalho e Vieira Lis Marques , Epiphanio Sabrina , Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo , Guerra Juliana Mariotti , Catão Dias José Luiz , Pacheco Maria Andreína , Escalante Ananias A. , Braga Érika Martins 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Avian Plasmodium parasites can be pathogenic to their vertebrate hosts. Although cases of anaemia are frequently reported in parasitized birds, the potential damage caused by the parasite during the exoerythrocytic reproduction phase remains poorly investigated. Here, we report 2 individuals of red-legged seriemas (Cariama cristata) infected with 2 different lineages of Plasmodium huffi, one of them exhibiting potential malarial-compatible tissue lesions in the spleen, liver, brain and lungs, alongside molecular confirmation of parasite presence in the spleen. Previously classified as specific to birds from the order Piciformes, this parasite has shown different associated lineages amplified across diverse host orders in South America (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Columbiformes, Galliformes, Pelecaniformes and Passeriformes). Those infections, however, were defined as abortive due to the absence of gametocytes visualized in blood smear slides. Herein, we confirm P. huffi as a generalist parasite based on the first morphological characterization in the peripheral blood of a bird outside the Piciformes order. This is also the first morphological and molecular description of a Plasmodium species in Cariamiformes. In addition to the morphological analyses, we have also proposed a novel phylogenetic hypothesis based on the partial cytb gene and the near-complete mitochondrial genome of this parasite. Our findings support that the division of the genus Plasmodium into subgenera is not monophyletic, as P. (Huffia) huffi and its associated lineages cluster more closely with Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) gallinaceum than with Plasmodium (Huffia) elongatum.
Tocqueville on Servants, Servitude, and Impersonal Domination
Authors: Halikias Dimitrios 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Alexis de Tocqueville highlights a paradox at the heart of the democratic spirit. Egalitarians are allergic to markers of social hierarchy and are on the hunt to identify and abolish remnants of the old regime’s entrenchment of aristocratic rank. The resulting abolition of personal hierarchy, however, does not deliver equality and freedom. Rather it inclines democrats to accept depersonalized forms of discipline at the hands of public opinion, the tutelary state, and the market economy. Tocqueville argues that the commitment to an “imaginary equality” lies at the root of the soft despotism he finds across democratized institutions, mores, and economic relationships. He develops a distinct account of the emergence of domination under conditions of formal equality. Social dependence in liberal societies does not derive from a new class of elites or the rise of capitalist economic formations. Equality is itself connected to new, impersonal forms of servitude.
Ancient Tyranny and Modern Dictatorship
Authors: Márquez Xavier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article traces the conceptual history of key terms used to describe and criticize bad political regimes, focusing on the displacement of “tyranny” by “dictatorship” and “authoritarianism.” Classical Greek thought understood tyranny primarily in terms of the character of rulers, whereas the modern idea of dictatorship emerged from a Roman conceptual framework that focused on authority and its legitimation. New problems of legitimation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries diminished the utility of the character-centric concept of tyranny and increased the fruitfulness of dictatorship for political analysis. The emergence of the modern state in the nineteenth century shaped the conceptual field by increasing the salience of problems concerning the appropriation or usurpation of sovereignty, the distortion of popular legitimation and accountability, and the incentives for submission to illegitimate orders. I conclude that the use of “authoritarianism” is likely to increase in prominence, but that retaining multiple regime concepts enriches analysis.
A simple bipedal robot model demonstrating speed-dependent gait transition
Authors: Shin Hirofumi , Ikemoto Shuhei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel bipedal robot model designed for adaptive transition between walking and running gaits solely through changes in locomotion speed. The bipedal robot model comprises two sub-components: a mechanical model for the legs that accommodates both walking and running and a continuous state model that does not explicitly switch states. The mechanical model employs a structure combining a linear cylinder with springs, dampers, and stoppers, designed to have mechanistic properties of both the inverted pendulum model used for walking and the spring-loaded inverted pendulum model used for running. The state model utilizes a virtual leg representation to abstractly describe the actual support leg, capable of commonly representing both a double support leg in walking and a single support leg in running. These models enable a simple gait controller to determine the kick force and the foot touchdown point based solely on the parameter of the target speed, thus allowing a robot to walk and run stably. Hence, simulation validation demonstrates the adaptive robot transition to an energy-efficient gait depending on locomotion speed without explicit gait-type instructions and maintaining stable locomotion across a wide range of speeds.
Voluntary collective pensions: a viable alternative?
Authors: van Ewijk Casper 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis contribution discusses the central thesis in Michael Otsuka’s book that collective pensions can be organized on a voluntary basis from the recent experience with pension reform in the Netherlands. Despite a long tradition of collective-funded pensions organized in a decentralized way by social partners, basis reform was necessary as population ageing made it increasingly harder to maintain the intergenerational solidarity implicit in these pensions. Although it is well-established that risk sharing between generations can be beneficial and welfare improving to all, it is far from certain that new generations will enter existing pension arrangements on a voluntary basis. First, there is a considerable ‘discontinuity risk’ if deficits in pension funding – caused by bad shocks – deter younger generations from entering the scheme. Second, even if it is to their own interest most people do not voluntarily engage in pension schemes due to several kinds of behavioural and psychological barriers.
Risk-sharing in pension plans: multiple options
Authors: Barr Nicholas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA response to pressures on pension finance caused by population ageing and economic turbulence has been a substantial move from traditional defined-benefit plans in which, at least in principle, all risk falls on the contributions side, to defined-contribution plans in which risk during accumulation all falls on the benefits side. This paper argues that both designs are ‘corner solutions’ and hence generally suboptimal, and goes on to set out a range of designs that offer different ways of sharing risk among workers, employers, future pensioners and current pensioners.
Emergency by Design: The “Native Repressive Tribunals” and the Normalization of Exception in Colonial Algeria, 1858–1904
Authors: Ghabrial Sarah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study is the first to explore the creation of the Tribunaux repressifs indigènes (Native repressive tribunals, TRIs), a novel jurisdiction of exception promulgated at the turn of the twentieth century in colonial Algeria. The TRIs were the product of several intersecting historical processes that took shape over the last quarter of the nineteenth century: first, this period witnessed intense settler security panics marked by genuine anxiety that Algeria might succumb to uncontrollable banditry and mass uprisings. During this same period, colonial “sciences” couched in burgeoning race theory intersected with juridical knowledge-production to form a new legal discourse on assimilation. The TRIs were advanced using this new grammar of race-bound legal relativism, reimagined as consistent with republican universalism. This ascendant juridical epistème dovetailed with debates over the both indeterminate and overdetermined nature of sovereignty in Algeria, whose land was juridically and administratively “Frenchified,” yet whose Muslim (by definition non-citizen) colonial subjects remained excluded from access to civil rights or protections. A doctrine of racialized exception was invented and codified in the unfolding of an impassioned juristic and public debate. The TRIs were legitimized—and endured—thanks to a doctrinal rationale applied retroactively: that for Muslim colonized subjects, exception was the rule.
“Still Doin’ Time”: An Analysis of the Conditional Effects of Legislative Term Limits on State Incarceration Rates
Authors: Byers Jason S. , Shay Laine P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA vast body of work investigates the consequences of legislative term limits for public policy. However, considerably less research has delved into their effects in noneconomic policy domains. In this article, we develop the argument that implemented term limits increase the effect that a state government’s ideology has on the state’s incarceration rate. When analyzing incarceration rates among all states between 1979 and 2017, we find evidence to support our theoretical expectation. Specifically, for states with term limits, we find that an increase in state government conservatism is associated with a higher incarceration rate. Conversely, for non-term-limited states, we find that the policy preferences of the state government have little influence on the incarceration rate. These findings deepen our insight into how institutional design can affect public policy.
Legislative Term Limits and Ideological Representation
Authors: Olson Michael P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHow do term limits affect dyadic ideological representation? Despite reformers’ claims that term limits should improve legislators’ connections to their constituents, much empirical political science research suggests that term limits actually break that electoral connection. In this study, I use a regression discontinuity design to measure the ideological gap in how Democrats and Republicans represent evenly matched districts and then explore how this gap varies across settings with and without state legislative term limits in effect. Across a number of specifications, my results are consistent with term limits exacerbating rather than improving dyadic representation. This study contributes to a growing scholarly consensus that term limits do not improve, and may worsen, state legislative representation.
Degrees and Demands
Authors: Mason Elinor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNorcross's recent book has a two-part title: Morality by Degrees: Reasons without Demands. In this essay I focus on the second part of the title – the idea that there are moral reasons without demands. I do not think that it is at all obvious what this means, and whether it is distinct from Norcross's central (and compelling) idea, that moral reasons come in degrees. I explore several possible ways of cashing out a distinctive claim that morality does not make demands, and argue that we should not accept that morality does not make demands. It does make demands, but it sometimes makes them in degrees.
A Case of Simultaneous Interstitial Bilateral Pregnancy
Authors: Pezzani M. 
Published: January 2025

Twin pregnancies may present tubal involvement in the following cases: (1) simultaneous intra- and extrauterine pregnancy; (2) interstitial bilateral pregnancy (either simultaneous or not); (3) multiple pregnancy in the same tube; and (4) simultaneous interstitial and ovarian pregnancy.Interstitial bilateral pregnancy appears to be by far the rarest kind of tubal twin pregnancy, apparently only one case having been reported in the literature, and this referring to a nonsimultaneous pregnancy. A case is now reported that therefore appears to represent the first observation of simultaneous interstitial bilateral pregnancy.
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of Overcome Death Anxiety: an online cognitive behavioural therapy intervention in a clinical sample
Authors: Menzies Rachel E. , Coutts-Bain Daelin , Richmond Bethany , Helgadottir Fjola D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Evidence suggests that death anxiety is a transdiagnostic construct underlying numerous anxiety-related conditions. A previous phase I trial of Overcome Death Anxiety (ODA), a novel online stand-alone psychological intervention to reduce death anxiety, demonstrated preliminary evidence of efficacy and acceptability in a clinical population. However, this trial was limited by a small sample size (n=20).

Aims:
To further evaluate the efficacy of this intervention in reducing death anxiety in a clinical population, compared with a waitlist control.

Method:
This paper describes the protocol of a phase II randomized controlled, unblinded trial of ODA. A total sample of 256 adults living in Australia, diagnosed with an anxiety-related condition, will be recruited. These participants will be randomised to ODA or a waitlist control. Primary outcomes will be measured as changes in scores on death anxiety questionnaires, reflecting treatment efficacy. The secondary outcomes to be measured are depression, anxiety, stress, suicidality, insomnia, and meaning of life, as well as feedback about treatment program acceptability. This trial will assess the efficacy of ODA for reducing death anxiety in a population diagnosed with various anxiety-related conditions, as well as the overall acceptability and tolerability of the intervention.

Conclusions:
This study will provide evidence to evaluate the efficacy of ODA in people diagnosed with an anxiety-related condition.
Robert Clewis on Kant and Aesthetic Normativity
Authors: Williams Jessica J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the Origins of Kant’s Aesthetics, Robert Clewis characterises Kant’s early views of aesthetic normativity in terms of a synthesis of a rationalist appeal to laws of sensibility and an empiricist appeal to rules of taste that are arrived at through consensus about great works of art. On the consensus approach, sharing the experience of beauty with others is itself a source of pleasure and normativity. For Clewis, the mature Kant no longer ties aesthetic normativity to sociality, but instead grounds it in the a priori principle of judgement. In these comments, I challenge Clewis’ narrative about Kant’s development and argue that the mature Kant continues to connect aesthetic normativity to the sociality of taste.
Migration, the Dodecaphonic Diaspora and the Transnational Network of Musical Modernism: The Varied Career of Hans-Joachim Koellreutter
Authors: HEILE BJÖRN 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The career of the composer, performer, educator and diplomat Hans-Joachim Koellreutter was exceptionally varied, taking place over three continents. A refugee from Nazi Germany, he is primarily known for introducing serialism to Brazil. However, he not only returned to his native Germany for a short period but also lived and worked in India and Japan, before going back to Brazil. His life and work epitomize the role played by migrants in constructing a global diasporic network, illustrating both the promises and the shortcomings of global musical modernism. The consequences he drew, however, drove him to embrace a form of universalism that was at odds with the increasing ideological polarization of the 1970s and 1980s, notably in a Latin American intellectual climate dominated by dependency theory.
Through the Lens of Socialist Realism: Nikos Skalkottas's Turn to Tonality in the 1940s
Authors: DIAMANTOULI EIRINI 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores Nikos Skalkottas's engagement with stylistic accessibility after his return to Greece from Germany in 1933. It considers the composer's self-proclaimed efforts to establish a more accessible, tonal musical style in the context of Greek sociopolitical upheaval and the political culture of anti-fascist resistance. Centring on the period between 1947 and 1949, this shift is viewed in terms of the impact of Socialist Realism in Greece for the first time. This article excavates the promulgation of Socialist Realism in Greece amid the anti-fascist resistance and re-evaluates Skalkottas's works and his published and unpublished writings as testifying to these unique political and cultural circumstances. It focuses in particular on Skalkottas's Classical Symphony in A for wind orchestra, two harps, and lower strings composed in 1947; a major work that continues to occupy a peripheral position in existing Greek and Anglophone scholarship on the composer.
Development and evaluation of a Hospice Foundation of Taiwan Bereavement Assessment Scale: A psychometric properties test
Authors: Wu Te-Yu , Pi Shih-Hsuan , Li Pei-Yi , Lai Yuen-Liang , Li Chin-Ching , Fang Chun-Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Supporting family caregivers (FCs) is a critical core function of palliative care. Brief, reliable tools suitable for busy clinical work in Taiwan are needed to assess bereavement risk factors accurately. The aim is to develop and evaluate a brief bereavement scale completed by FCs and applicable to medical staff.

Methods
This study adopted convenience sampling. Participants were approached through an intentional sampling of patients’ FCs at 1 palliative care center in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study referred to 4 theories to generate the initial version of the Hospice Foundation of Taiwan Bereavement Assessment Scale (HFT-BAS). A 9-item questionnaire was initially developed by 12 palliative care experts through Delphi and verified by content validity. A combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability measures including items analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and inter-subscale correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to test its psychometric properties.

Results
Two hundred seventy-eight participants conducted the questionnaire. Three dimensions were subsequently extracted by EFA: “Intimate relationship,” “Existential meaning,” and “Disorganization.” The Cronbach’s alpha of the HFT-BAS scale was 0.70, while the 3 dimensions were all significantly correlated with total scores. CFA was the measurement model: chi-squared/degrees of freedom ratio = 1.9, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.93, Comparative Fit Index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08. CFA confirmed the scale’s construct validity with a good model fit.

Significance of results
This study developed an HFT-BAS and assessed its psychometric properties. The scale can evaluate the bereavement risk factors of FCs in clinical palliative care.
The positions of ontological (in)security in international relations: object relations, unconscious phantasies, and anxiety management
Authors: Gellwitzki C. Nicolai L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhat is ontological (in)security? Recent scholarship on ontological security in International Relations has increasingly turned to the concept's theoretical origins in psychoanalysis and existential philosophy to address the field's (meta)theoretical limitations. This article argues that this development also necessitates an interrogation of the concept of ontological security itself to address the field's theoretical tensions. Further developing the nascent Kleinian approach to ontological security, this article conceptualises ontological (in)security as two distinct positions that denote the different ways in which subjects, be they individuals, groups, or states, manage anxiety. To develop this proposition, the article draws on Melanie Klein's work on the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions to elucidate these positions of ontological (in)security, their respective defence mechanisms against anxiety, and their socio-political implications. This Kleinian approach facilitates a clear theoretical distinction between security and insecurity, providing an analytical toolbox to differentiate the various ways in which anxiety is managed in different positions. This framework particularly underscores the ethical, reparative, and transformative potential of the position of ontological security, aspects that have received limited theoretical and empirical attention to date.
Unveiling Cryosphere Dynamics by Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Data‐Driven Hydro‐Thermo Coupled Simulation
Authors: Sun Haoyuan , Cheng Feng , Xia Jianghai , Guan Jianbo , Li Zefeng , Ajo‐Franklin Jonathan B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs global warming continues, the Earth's cryosphere is experiencing severe degradation. This study leverages a novel combination of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and artificial intelligence to monitor and decipher cryospheric dynamics. We have developed an advanced time‐lapse surface wave analysis workflow to capture shear wave velocity changes during a 2‐month controlled permafrost thaw experiment in Fairbanks, Alaska. To understand the underlying physical mechanisms of , multimodal rock‐physics simulations were conducted to associate the observed to hydrological and thermal processes like heating and rainfall events. Furthermore, we employ a physics‐guided deep learning algorithm alongside interpretable techniques to evaluate the impact of various physical factors and shed light on the cryospheric hydro‐thermo coupling mechanisms. This study highlights the potential of using DAS and data‐driven rock‐physics simulation for complex cryosphere monitoring and offers a comprehensive view of the permafrost's thawing dynamics.
Quantifying Dust Nutrient Mobility Through an Alpine Watershed
Authors: Nielson Jeffrey R. , Brahney Janice 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDust has the potential to play a significant role in the nutrient dynamics of alpine watersheds with important ecological implications. However, little is known about how dust nutrients circulate through the environment and which watershed characteristics facilitate dust impacts on water quality. This study explored the contribution of dust‐deposited nutrients, focusing on a high‐elevation Long Term Ecological Research site, where dust samples have been continuously collected since 2017. We incorporated observed dust nutrient compositions, including fractions of inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus, into a popular hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, and ran simulations for 2019–2021. By comparing simulations with and without dust nutrient inputs, we estimated the impact of dust‐deposited nutrients on individual watershed processes. Results revealed a significant contribution of dust‐deposited nutrients, particularly soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), to several nutrient cycling and transport pathways. Notably, dust contributed up to 19.3% of the SRP load in annual streamflow (increasing monthly streamflow concentration by up to 10.9 μg ). Spatial analysis of model estimates demonstrated a relationship between topography, soil type, and the cycling and transport of dust nutrients. The largest dust nutrient contributions were found in catchment areas with lower slope and less hydric soils, where other natural mobilization processes may be limited. This comparative modeling approach stresses the importance of including dust nutrients in watershed models, especially in oligotrophic systems, and has potential to validate these findings elsewhere and identify how watershed characteristics may either mollify or accentuate the impacts of dust deposition on mountain freshwater systems.