bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glaciotectonised Quaternary sediments at Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia: implications for glacial history, ice movements and Kara Sea Ice Sheet configuration
Authors: Lokrantz Hanna , Ingólfsson Ólafur , Forman Steven L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe coastal cliffs of Cape Shpindler, Yugorski Peninsula, Arctic Russia, occupy a key position for recording overriding ice sheets during past glaciations in the Kara Sea area, either from the Kara Sea shelf or the uplands of Yugorski Peninsula/Polar Urals. This study on Late Quaternary glacial stratigraphy and glaciotectonic structures of the Cape Shpindler coastal cliffs records two glacier advances and two ice‐free periods older than the Holocene. During interglacial conditions, a sequence of marine to fluvial sediments was deposited. This was followed by a glacial event when ice moved southwards from an ice‐divide over Novaya Zemlya and overrode and disturbed the interglacial sediments. After a second period of fluvial deposition, under interstadial or interglacial conditions, the area was again subject to glacial overriding, with the ice moving northwards from an inland ice divide. The age‐control suggests that the older glacial event could possibly belong to marine oxygen isotope stage (MOIS) 8, Drenthe (300–250 ka), and that the underlying interglacial sediments might be Holsteinian (>300 ka). One implication of this is that relict glacier ice, buried in sediments and incorporated into the permafrost, may survive several interglacial and interstadial events. The younger glacial event recognised in the Cape Shpindler sequence is interpreted to be of Early‐to‐Middle Weichselian age. It is suggested to correlate to a regional glaciation around 90 or 60 ka. The Cape Shpindler record suggests more complex glacial dynamics during that glaciation than can be explained by a concentric ice sheet located in the Kara Sea, as suggested by recent geological and model studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early and Middle Pleistocene vegetation history of the Médoc region, southwest France
Authors: O'Brien C. E. , Jones R. L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPleistocene deposits, together with their pollen, plant macrofossil, foraminiferal, dinoflagellate and coleopteran remains, from five sites along the Atlantic coast of the Médoc Peninsula are described and discussed. Sediments making up the Négade Formation are shown to have been laid down under either estuarine or lagoonal conditions when closed Quercus–Pinus‐Tsuga canadensis regional woodland existed. Comparison with plant records from The Netherlands indicates that these deposits are most likely attributable to either the Early Pleistocene Bavel Interglacial (marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 31), or an interglacial of the Waalian (MIS 37–49) or Tiglian (MIS 63–79). In addition, clays assigned to the Argiles du Gurp sensu stricto, were similarly deposited in either an estuary or lagoon, which subsequently was cut off from the sea. A freshwater lake with vegetation dominated by Azolla filiculoides then developed. This was succeeded by reedswamp and an organic mud (termed Lignite in the corresponding French stratigraphical records) formed. Regional Quercus–Abies woodland was replaced by one with Pinus dominant and Pterocarya a minor component. Comparison with plant records from France and other parts of Europe suggest that the clays and organic mud might be correlated with the Holsteinian (Praclaux) Interglacial (MIS 11c). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deformation styles as a key for interpreting glacial depositional environments
Authors: McCarroll Danny , Rijsdijk Kenneth F. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLithostratigraphical and lithofacies approaches used to interpret glacial sediments often ignore deformation structures that can provide the key to environment of formation. We propose a classification of deformation styles based on the geometry of structures rather than inferred environment of formation. Five styles are recognised: pure shear (P), simple shear (S), compressional (C), vertical (V) and undeformed (U). These dictate the first letter of the codes; the remaining letters conveying the evidence. This information can be used to reconstruct palaeostress fields and to infer physical properties of sediments when they deformed. Individual structures are not diagnostic of particular environments but the suite of structures, their relative scale, stratigraphical relationships, and orientation relative to palaeoslopes and to palaeoice‐flow directions can be used to infer the environment in which they formed. This scheme is applied at five sites in west Wales. The typical succession is interpreted as subglacial sediments overlain by meltout tills, flow tills and sediment flows. Paraglacial redistribution of glacial sediments is widespread. Large‐scale compressional deformation is restricted to sites where glaciers readvanced. Large‐scale vertical deformation occurs where water was locally ponded near the ice margin. There is no evidence for glaciomarine conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of processing and storage time on in vitro digestibility and resistant starch content of two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) varieties
Authors: Osorio‐Díaz Perla , Bello‐Pérez Luis A , Sáyago‐Ayerdi Sonia G , Benítez‐Reyes María del Pilar , Tovar Juscelino , Paredes‐López Octavio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSeeds from two commercial bean varieties were cooked and stored for different times and analysed for chemical composition and in vitro starch digestibility. Parallel portions of cooked seeds were dried at 55 °C, milled and stored as flours. In general, protein and ash contents in both samples did not change with storage time, but statistical differences were shown between the two varieties (p < 0.05). Available starch (AS) contents in flours from the ‘negro’ variety did not change (p < 0.05) with storage time and, in general, were higher than in ‘flor de mayo’ samples, whose AS levels decreased during storage. The lower AS in ‘flor de mayo’ flour could be the consequence of formation of resistant starch due to retrogradation. Samples of whole ‘negro’ seeds did not show differences in AS content at 0, 24 and 48 h of storage compared with the corresponding flours, but at 72 and 96 h the AS increased in the whole samples. ‘Flor de mayo’ showed a similar pattern in flour and whole samples, with slightly higher values in the whole seeds. In general, total resistant starch (RS) content in the two varieties was higher in the flours than in ‘whole’ seeds, a fact that is not easy to explain at present. ‘Negro’ flour presented an RS content around 65.0 g kg−1, and approximately 55.0 g kg−1 was recorded in ‘flor de mayo’, with slight changes when storage time increased. Whole ‘flor de mayo’ showed significant levels of the retrograded portion of resistant starch (RRS), which did not change with storage time (p < 0.05). However, values were lower than in the flours. A pattern similar to that of the ‘negro’ variety was obtained for ‘flor de mayo’, since the flour exhibited higher amounts of RRS; however, in this variety, the RRS content in ‘whole’ samples decreased after prolonged storage. Flours presented higher amylolysis rates than whole samples, and the ease of digestion increased with storage time. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Formation of paramagnetic products in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a result of ozone‐induced stress
Authors: Goodman Bernard A , Reichenauer Thomas G 
Published: August 2003

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on light‐harvested samples of wheat leaves that had been exposed to toxic ozone levels showed the production of a single‐peak free radical signal and a large increase in intensity of the Fe(III) (g = 4.3) signal compared with control samples. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the more complex free radical signal that is associated with a tyrosine‐based radical centre in photosystem II (PSII) protein. No qualitative changes in the Mn(II) signal were seen as a result of ozone exposure. Identification of the stress‐induced free radical is discussed in the context of previous speculations in the literature, and it is concluded that there is still insufficient evidence for a positive identification. A similar situation exists with the Fe(III) component, where the ligand(s) remain(s) unidentified, although the complex is confirmed as a mononuclear species. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between physicochemical and cooking properties, and effects of cooking on antinutrients, of yellow field peas (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Wang Ning , Daun James K , Malcolmson Linda J 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe relationship between the physicochemical and cooking properties of yellow peas was examined in this study. A positive correlation was found between seed weight and water hydration capacity. The Peleg model, which was modified, could be used to describe the water absorption characteristics of peas and could be used to predict the rate of water absorption in the initial water absorption period. Cooking time could be measured objectively using the Mattson cooker. Cooking time was found to decrease with an increase in water hydration capacity. Hardness of cooked peas, measured using a texture analyser, was negatively correlated with both seed weight and water hydration capacity. Seed coats had a significant effect on water hydration and cooking quality of peas. Peas with relatively thin seed coats exhibited higher water hydration capacity, shorter cooking times and softer texture after cooking. The effects of soaking and cooking on trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and oligosaccharide levels in peas were also studied. Cooking was more effective than soaking in reducing TIA levels and oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose and verbascose) in peas. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Carotenoids in yellow‐ and red‐fleshed papaya (Carica papaya L)
Authors: Chandrika U Gamage , Jansz Errol R , Wickramasinghe SMD Nalinie , Warnasuriya Narada D 
Published: August 2003

AbstractVitamin A deficiency is a disorder of public health importance in Sri Lanka. A recent national survey revealed that 36% of preschool children in Sri Lanka have vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol <0.2 µg ml−1). In view of its well‐established association with child morbidity and mortality, this is a reason for concern. One of the main fruits which has been recommended for prevention of vitamin A deficiency in Sri Lanka is papaya (Carica papaya L). In this study the carotenoid profiles of yellow‐ and red‐fleshed papaya were analysed by medium‐pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and UV‐vis spectrophotometry. A section of yellow‐fleshed papaya showed small carotenoid globules dispersed all over the cell, whereas in red‐fleshed papaya the carotenoids were accumulated in one large globule. The major carotenoids of yellow‐fleshed papaya were the provitamin A carotenoids β‐carotene (1.4 ± 0.4 µg g−1 dry weight (DW)) and β‐cryptoxanthin (15.4 ± 3.3 µg g−1 DW) and the non‐provitamin A carotenoid ζ‐carotene (15.1 ± 3.4 µg g−1 DW), corresponding theoretically to 1516 ± 342 µg kg−1 DW mean retinol equivalent (RE). Red‐fleshed papaya contained the provitamin A carotenoids β‐carotene (7.0 ± 0.7 µg g−1 DW), β‐cryptoxanthin (16.9 ± 2.9 µg g−1 DW) and β‐carotene‐5,6‐epoxide (2.9 ± 0.6 µg g−1 DW), and the non‐provitamin A carotenoids lycopene (11.5 ± 1.8 µg g−1 DW) and ζ‐carotene (9.9 ± 1.1 µg g−1 DW), corresponding theoretically to 2815 ± 305 µg kg−1 DW mean RE. Thus the carotenoid profile and organisation of carotenoids in the cell differ in the two varieties of papaya. This study demonstrates that carotenoids can be successfully separated, identified and quantified using the novel technique of MPLC. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro degradability of mature and immature leaves of tropical forage legumes differing in condensed tannin and non‐starch polysaccharide content and composition
Authors: Barahona Rolando , Lascano Carlos E , Narvaez Nelmy , Owen Emir , Morris Phillip , Theodorou Mike K 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA study was designed to examine the relationships between protein, condensed tannin and cell wall carbohydrate content and composition and the nutritional quality of seven tropical legumes (Desmodium ovalifolium, Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, L pallida, L macrophylla, Calliandra calothyrsus and Clitoria fairchildiana). Among the legume species studied, D ovalifolium showed the lowest concentration of nitrogen, while L leucocephala showed the highest. Fibre (NDF) content was lowest in C calothyrsus, L Leucocephala and L pallida and highest in L macrophylla, which had no measurable condensed tannins. The highest tannin concentration was found in C calothyrsus. Total non‐structural polysaccharides (NSP) varied among legumes species (lowest in C calothyrsus and highest in D ovalifolium), and glucose and uronic acids were the most abundant carbohydrate constituents in all legumes. Total NSP losses were lowest in F macrophylla and highest in L leucocephala and L pallida. Gas accumulation and acetate and propionate levels were 50% less with F macrophylla and D ovalifolium as compared with L leucocephala. The highest levels of branched‐chain fatty acids were observed with non‐tanniniferous legumes, and negative concentrations were observed with some of the legumes with high tannin content (D ovalifolium and F macrophylla). Linear regression analysis showed that the presence of condensed tannins was more related to a reduction of the initial rate of gas production (0–48 h) than to the final amount of gas produced or the extent (144 h) of dry matter degradation, which could be due to differences in tannin chemistry. Consequently, more attention should be given in the future to elucidating the impact of tannin structure on the nutritional quality of tropical forage legumes. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Indigestible fraction of edible marine seaweeds
Authors: Rupérez Pilar , Toledano Gema 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAs dietary fibre constitutes only part of the non‐digestible components of plant foods, there is a general trend to extend the fibre concept to include all the main food constituents that reach the colon undegraded. In this study the major non‐digestible components of five edible brown and red Spanish marine seaweeds—Fucus vesiculosus. Laminaria digitata (Kombu), Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) and Porphyra tenera (Nori)—were determined under simulated physiological conditions by an in vitro enzymatic method (Sauro‐Calixto F et al, J Agric Food Chem 48: 3342–3347 (2000)) developed as an alternative to dietary fibre analysis. Two indigestible fractions, soluble (SIF) and insoluble (IIF), were obtained after enzymatic treatments of seaweeds. SIF amounted to 40–170 g kg−1 algal dry weight. Gravimetric values of IIF were 246–599 g kg−1 and its major components were resistant protein (37–133 g kg−1), minerals (13–78 g kg−1) and non‐starch polysaccharides plus klason lignin (196–415 g kg−1). The total indigestible fraction determined by colorimetry (335–516 g kg−1) was similar to the total dietary fibre content of seaweeds determined previously by the AOAC method. However, the distribution of the soluble and insoluble fractions differed between the two procedures. Estimation of the indigestible fraction of edible seaweeds could be useful from both nutritional and commercial points of view. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
New considerations for an overall approach to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Donckier Vincent , Van Laethem Jean Luc , Van Gansbeke Daniel , Ickx Brigitte , Lingier Pierre , Closset Jean , El Nakadi Issam , Feron Pascale , Boon Nathalie , Bourgeois Nadine , Adler Michael , Gelin Michel 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of cases and organ shortage justify reconsidering the global therapeutic approach for hepatocelluar carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.MethodsRecent literature was reviewed, focused on new therapeutic technologies such as radiofrequency.ResultsFor small tumors, liver transplantation offers theoretically the best chance for cure. However, organ shortage may eliminate this advantage, because of tumor progression while waiting for a graft. For small tumors, arising on compensated cirrhosis, resection or radiofrequency ablation may provide efficient local tumor control without precluding subsequent transplantation in case of tumor recurrence and/or cirrhosis decompensation.ConclusionsFor small tumors and compensated cirrhosis, resection or radiofrequency could represent acceptable first line treatments. In addition to permit safe and immediate tumor control, this strategy would allow a preferential redistribution of grafts to patients with decompensated cirrhosis in whom transplantation is the only possibility. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:36–44. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micronutrients, antioxidants, and carcinoma of the gallbladder
Authors: Shukla Vijay Kumar , Adukia Tarun Kumar , Singh Sureshwer Prasad , Mishra Chandra Pati , Mishra Ravindra Nath 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjectivesNutrient deficiency in developing countries can be considered a significant contributory factor modifying the multistage process of carcinogenesis. Studies from different parts of the world have shown the deficiency of various micronutrients to be significantly associated with cancer. This study was undertaken to test the above hypothesis in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder.MethodsSelenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) were estimated in the serum, bile, and gallbladder tissue of 30 patients each of carcinoma of the gallbladder (group‐I), cholelithiasis (group‐II), and only in the serum of 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (group‐III). The minerals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and vitamins by spectrophotometry.ResultsThe mean serum levels of Se, Zn, Mn, vitamin E, and vitamin C were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in group‐I when compared with groups II and III. The mean biliary levels of Se and Zn (0.29, 3.45 mg/L) were reduced significantly (P < 0.001) in group‐I when compared with group II (0.51, 5.2 mg/L). Mean tissue levels of Se and Zn were also significantly lower (P < 0.001) in group I (2.75, 43.09 μg/g) compared to group II (3.90, 61.37 μg/g). However, no significant difference was observed in tissue concentration of Mn, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) increase in serum, bile, and gallbladder tissue in carcinoma of the gallbladder compared to the other two groups.ConclusionsThe data supports an association between lower levels of Se, Zn, vitamin E, and risk of carcinoma of the gallbladder and suggest that Cu/Zn ratio could be a useful parameter in evaluating the patients of carcinoma of the gallbladder. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:31–35. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute ultrastructural changes of the trabecular meshwork after selective laser trabeculoplasty and low power argon laser trabeculoplasty
Authors: Cvenkel Barbara , Hvala Anastazija , Drnovšek‐Olup Brigita , Gale Nina 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo compare the histopathological changes in the human trabecular meshwork after low power argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) with a Q‐switched, frequency‐doubled, neodymium:yttrium–aluminium–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn gonioscopically normal trabecular meshwork of three patients awaiting enucleation due to malignant melanoma of the choroid, SLT and ALT were performed 1–5 days prior to enucleation. In each eye, the lower half of trabecular meshwork received SLT, one quadrant low power (460 mW) ALT and one quadrant was left untreated. Specimens were evaluated with light and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsA sharp demarcation line was visible between the laser treated and untreated intact trabecular meshwork after ALT and SLT. Both lasers caused disruption of trabecular beams, but the extent of the damage was smaller after SLT. The collagen component of trabecular beams was mostly amorphous, the long‐spacing collagen was scanty after ALT, but more abundant after SLT. In the intertrabecular spaces fragmented cells and tissue debris with only a few pigmented cells were observed. Some endothelial cells were desquamated, but appeared slightly better preserved after SLT than ALT.ConclusionsOur ultrastructural comparison of the morphological changes after low power ALT and SLT in patients demonstrated that both lasers caused splitting and fragmentation of the trabecular beams of the trabecular meshwork, but the extent of the damage was smaller and the preservation of long‐spacing collagen better after SLT than after ALT. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:204–208, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of p53 and ATM in photodynamic therapy‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Heinzelmann‐Schwarz Viola , Fedier André , Hornung René , Walt Heinrich , Haller Urs , Fink Daniel 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) induces cell death through a laser light‐activated photosensitizer and is a treatment option for tumors resistant to radio‐ and chemo‐therapy.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe investigated whether m‐THPC‐PDT induces cell death by necrosis and/or apoptosis, and whether these responses are modulated by p53 and/or ATM, two cancer‐associated genes. Sensitivity of atm+/+p53+/+, atm+/+p53−/−, and atm−/−p53−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts to m‐THPC‐PDT performed at a wavelength of 652 nm was determined by the MTT assay, trypan blue‐exclusion, and the TUNEL and caspase3‐cleavage apoptosis assays. c‐Abl protein level was determined by immunoblotting.Resultsm‐THPC‐PDT rapidly induced cell death in a substantial fraction of cells by p53‐ and Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)‐independent non‐apoptotic processes. However, in the subset of apoptotic cells, apoptosis was reduced by loss of p53 and was even more reduced by the additional loss of ATM. Apoptosis correlated inversely with c‐Abl level.Conclusionsp53 and ATM are not required for necrosis, but may be required for PDT‐mediated apoptosis. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:182–189, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of low power Er:YAG laser on the tooth pulp‐evoked jaw‐opening reflex
Authors: Zeredo Jorge L. , Sasaki Katia M. , Fujiyama Rie , Okada Yukio , Toda Kazuo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAnalgesic properties of laser irradiation have been of great interest in the field of dentistry. This study aimed at evaluating the analgesic effects of the Er:YAG laser system in rats during and after laser irradiation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA pulsed Er:YAG laser was applied to the oral mucosa of the mandibular incisor at an energy density of approximately 0.1 J/cm2/pulse for 10 minutes at 10 Hz, and the integrated digastric muscle electromyogram in tooth pulp‐evoked jaw‐opening reflex was used as an index of the nociceptive response.ResultsSignificant reflex suppression was observed 10 minutes after laser irradiation. The reflex amplitude started to return to its original level about 45 minutes after cessation of laser irradiation.ConclusionsThe Er:YAG laser used at low output levels presented inhibitory effects on the tooth pulp‐evoked jaw‐opening reflex, suggesting that this laser system may be of use for pain control during various dental treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 33:169–172, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.