bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Life Androgen Administration Attenuates Aging Related Declines in Muscle Protein Synthesis
Authors: Church David D. , Zamir Amit , Escalante Guillermo , Ben-Zeev Tavor , Levi Chagai , Ferrando Arny A. , Hoffman Jay R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study examined the acute and long-term effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on fractional synthetic rates (FSR).

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into ND (n = 20) or sham (n = 20) groups. ND injections (10 g·kg-1·wk-1) started at 7-month of ages and continued for 6-weeks. Ten animals from each group were randomly separated and examined 1-week following drug cessation. The remaining animals were examined at 16-months of age. Animals were injected IP with 1.5 ml of deuterated water 24-h prior to euthanasia. The kidney, liver, heart, gastrocnemius, and soleus were extracted. Samples were analyzed for deuterated alanine enrichment in the bound protein and intracellular fraction by LC-MS/MS to measure estimated FSR (fraction/day [F/D]) of mixed tissue PS.

Results
One-way analysis of variance, with treatment and age as fixed factors, indicated that kidney FSR was (p = 0.027) greater in ND (0.41 ± 0.02 F/D) than sham (0.36 ± 0.014F/D) and higher (p = 0.003) in young (0.42 ± 0.2 F/D) than old (0.35 ± 0.01 F/D). Liver and heart FSR were greater (p’s ≤ 0.001) in young (0.79 ± 0.06 F/D, and 0.13 ± 0.01 F/D, respectively) compared to old (0.40 ± 0.01 F/D and 0.09 ± 0.01 F/D, respectively), but not between ND and sham. Gastrocnemius FSR was (p ≤ 0.001) greater in young (0.06 ± 0.01 F/D) compared to old (0.03 ± 0.002 F/D), and greater (p = 0.006) in ND (0.05 ± 0.01 F/D) compared to sham (0.04 ± 0.003 F/D). Soleus FSR rates were greater (p = 0.050) in young (0.13 ± 0.01 F/D) compared to old (0.11 ± 0.003 F/D) but, not between ND (0.12 ± 0.01 F/D) and sham (0.12 ± 0.01 F/D). Old animals who had received ND displayed elevated FSR in the gastrocnemius (p = 0.054) and soleus (p = 0.024).

Conclusions
ND use in young adult animals appeared to maintain long-term elevations in FSR in muscle during aging.
Estimating Maturity Status in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Evaluation of Methods
Authors: Monasterio Xabier , Gil Susana M. , Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia , Cumming Sean P. , Malina Robert M. , Williams Sean , Lekue Jose A. , Santisteban Juan , Diaz-Beitia Gontzal , Larruskain Jon 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the concordance of predicted maturity status classifications (pre-, circa- or post-peak height velocity) relative to observed age at PHV in youth soccer players.

Methods
Longitudinal height records for 124 male soccer players were extracted from academy records spanning the 2000-2022 seasons. Age at PHV for each player was estimated with the Super-Imposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) model. Players were classified as pre-, circa- or post-PHV using both ±1 year and ± 0.5 year criteria to define the circa-PHV interval. Maturity status was estimated with several prediction protocols: maturity offset (Mirwald, Moore-1, Moore-2), maturity ratio (Fransen), percentage of predicted adult height (PAH%) using the Khamis-Roche (KR) and Tanner-Whitehouse-2 (TW2-RUS) equations using several bands: 85%-96%, 88%-96%, 88%-93%, and 90%-93% for the circa-PHV interval, and visual evaluation of individual growth-curves alone or with PAH% based on KR and TW2-RUS. Concordance of maturity status classifications based on complete growth curves and predicted estimates of maturity status was addressed with percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa.

Results
Visual evaluation of the growth curves had the highest concordance (≈ 80%) with maturity status classifications (pre-, circa-, post-PHV) based on longitudinal data for individual players. Predicted maturity offset with the Mirwald, Moore-1 and Fransen equations misclassified about one- third to one-half of the players, while concordance based on PAH% varied with the band used, but not with the method of height prediction.

Conclusions
Visual assessment of the individual growth curves by an experienced assessor provides an accurate estimate of maturity status relative to PHV. Maturity offset prediction equations misclassifies the majority of players, while PAH% provides a reasonably valid alternative.
Heavy-, Severe-, and Extreme-, but Not Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase V̇o2max and Thresholds after 6 wk of Training
Authors: INGLIS ERIN CALAINE , IANNETTA DANILO , RASICA LETIZIA , MACKIE MARY Z. , KEIR DANIEL A. , MACINNIS MARTIN J. , MURIAS JUAN M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study assessed the effect of individualized, domain-based exercise intensity prescription on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and submaximal thresholds.

Methods
Eighty-four young healthy participants (42 females, 42 males) were randomly assigned to six age, sex, and V̇O2max-matched groups (14 participants each). Groups performed continuous cycling in the 1) moderate (MOD), 2) lower heavy (HVY1), and 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2) domain; interval cycling in the form of 4) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the severe-intensity domain, or 5) sprint-interval training (SIT) in the extreme-intensity domain; or no exercise for 6) control (CON). All training groups, except SIT, were work-matched. Training participants completed three sessions per week for 6 wk with physiological evaluations performed at PRE, MID, and POST intervention.

Results
Compared with the change in V̇O2max (∆V̇O2max) in CON (0.1 ± 1.2 mL·kg−1·min−1), all training groups, except MOD (1.8 ± 2.7 mL·kg−1·min−1), demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.05). HIIT produced the highest increase (6.2 ± 2.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) followed by HVY2 (5.4 ± 2.3 mL·kg−1·min−1), SIT (4.7 ± 2.3 mL·kg−1·min−1), and HVY1 (3.3 ± 2.4 mL·kg−1·min−1), respectively. The ΔPO at the estimated lactate threshold (θ
LT) was similar across HVY1, HVY2, HIIT, and SIT, which were all greater than CON (P < 0.05). The ΔV̇O2 and ΔPO at θ
LT for MOD was not different from CON (P > 0.05). HIIT produced the highest ΔPO at maximal metabolic steady state, which was greater than CON, MOD, and SIT (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that i) exercise intensity is a key component determining changes in V̇O2max and submaximal thresholds and ii) exercise intensity domain-based prescription allows for a homogenous metabolic stimulus across individuals.
Effects of Cognitive and Physical Load of Acute Exercise on Inhibitory Control and Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamics in Children
Authors: LUDYGA SEBASTIAN , GERBER MARKUS , SCHWARZ ANJA , GRECO ANTONELLA , MÜLLER TABEA , PÜHSE UWE , HANKE MANUEL 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Evidence suggests that acute exercise benefits inhibitory control, but it remains unclear how physical and cognitive load influence this ability in preadolescent children, when faced with different types of distractors. We examined their moderating effects along with changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics.

Methods
Using a crossover design, 29 participants completed 10 min of exercise (with an interactive training wall) at 1) low physical and low cognitive load, 2) low physical and high cognitive load, 3) high physical and low cognitive load, and 4) high physical and high cognitive load in a randomized order. Before and after each condition, they performed a Standard and Affective Stroop task. During both tasks, the lateral oxygenation difference in the prefrontal cortex was measured by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Results
For the Standard Stroop task, there was no effect of physical and cognitive load on performance. In contrast, exercise with low compared with high cognitive load was associated with a greater reduction of reaction time and increase in accuracy on the Affective Stroop task. This was accompanied by a decrease in lateral oxygenation difference on trials with low inhibitory control demands.

Conclusions
Acute exercise with low compared with high cognitive demand benefits the ability to resolve emotional conflict, but the control over inhibition of nonemotional information remains unaffected. This effect of cognitive load is complemented by an increased efficiency of the left prefrontal cortex, when no emotional conflict resolution is required.
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency - etiology, symptoms in various organs, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis
Authors: Kościołek Dawid , Urbaś Michał , Kępczyk Martyna , Kościołek Aleksandra , Surowiecka Kaja , Misiak Jakub , Ojdana Miłosz , Szalbot Konrad , Tokarski Mikołaj , Marczak Natalia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a glycoprotein produced by liver, belonging to the serine protease inhibitor family. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is very common autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by point mutation in SERPINA1 gene. Mutations in the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene lead to production of misfolded AAT resulting in impaired release into the blood. This disorder leads to destruction of connecting tissue especially in lungs and to accumulation of retarded protein in the liver.
Purpose:
Most studies addressing AAT deficiency focus on presenting symptoms related to the lungs and liver. We want to take a broader look at this issue, so we have closely examined scientific reports on the presentation of the disease in organs other than the lungs and liver. The goal is to gather holistic knowledge about the disease to enhance awareness and treatment.

Material and methods:

In our paper, we endeavored to address the issue of AAT deficiency comprehensively. We explored symptoms with an emphasis on organs beyond the liver and lungs. We also delved into the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this disease.

Discussion:

The clinical symptoms of alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency extending beyond the liver and lungs remain inadequately described. We know that AAT deficiency can lead to excessive destruction of connective tissue in any organ, not just the lungs and liver. Unfortunately, this condition continues to go undiagnosed, and the number of scientific publications on symptoms from other organs is too limited. This affects the insufficient attention given by doctors to tissue destruction in organs other than the lungs and liver.
Liberalizing Home-Based Business
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Sing Tien Foo , Song Changcheng , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2024

Working at home benefits entrepreneurs by lowering fixed costs and allowing them to engage in joint market and household production. We evaluate a large-scale reform in Singapore, the Home Office Scheme, that allowed business creation at one’s residential property and study whether home-based entrepreneurship spurs entrepreneurial activities. The difference-in-differences estimate shows that the reform led to a significantly higher level of business creation and the firms newly created in response to the reform had a higher survival rate. The effect is more pronounced for low-income female individuals and industries with high start-up capital, implying that financial constraints and nonpecuniary benefits likely drive the effect. The reform also encourages entrepreneurs to become serial entrepreneurs, and they open a larger business with a similar survival rate for their second firm. Overall, our findings suggest that the program effectively attracted more entry into self-employment without significantly lowering the average quality of the pool. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Funding: J. Zhang acknowledges support from the Seed Fund for Basic Research for New Staff of HKU [Code: 202009185022] and the General Research Fund by University Grants Committee of Hong Kong SAR [Grant 12500420]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.04232 .
Stationary Points of a Shallow Neural Network with Quadratic Activations and the Global Optimality of the Gradient Descent Algorithm
Authors: Gamarnik David , Kızıldağ Eren C. , Zadik Ilias 
Published: February 2024

We consider the problem of training a shallow neural network with quadratic activation functions and the generalization power of such trained networks. Assuming that the samples are generated by a full rank matrix [Formula: see text] of the hidden network node weights, we obtain the following results. We establish that all full-rank approximately stationary solutions of the risk minimization problem are also approximate global optimums of the risk (in-sample and population). As a consequence, we establish that, when trained on polynomially many samples, the gradient descent algorithm converges to the global optimum of the risk minimization problem regardless of the width of the network when it is initialized at some value [Formula: see text], which we compute. Furthermore, the network produced by the gradient descent has a near zero generalization error. Next, we establish that initializing the gradient descent algorithm below [Formula: see text] is easily achieved when the weights of the ground truth matrix [Formula: see text] are randomly generated and the matrix is sufficiently overparameterized. Finally, we identify a simple necessary and sufficient geometric condition on the size of the training set under which any global minimizer of the empirical risk has necessarily zero generalization error. Funding: The research of E. C. Kizildag is supported by Columbia University, with the Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship in Statistics. Support from the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-2015517] is gratefully acknowledged.
Organizational Culture, Adaptation, and Performance
Authors: Brahm Francisco , Poblete Joaquin 
Published: February 2024

Prior research emphasizes how organizational culture can hinder organizational adaptation. In this study, we investigate how organizational culture can help promote organizational adaptation to environmental changes, using a formal model from cultural evolution theory. In the model, organizational members face a trade-off between innovating versus following tradition (because environmental changes are uncertain). Members can also decide to help others who are following the tradition, thereby improving its diffusion. Organizational leaders shape the culture of their organization, which influences members’ decisions to choose innovation or tradition or to help others following tradition. Culture comprises two dimensions: beliefs and prosocial values. We find that increasing the accuracy of beliefs leads to improvements in both innovation and following tradition, thereby mitigating the trade-off between them and boosting adaptation and performance. On prosocial values, we find that increasing their intensity reduces the cost of following tradition but at the expense of reduced adaptation, resulting in an inverted-U relationship between intensity of prosocial values and performance. Overall, we show how leaders can fine-tune the dimensions of organizational culture to foster improvements in adaptation and performance. The formal model we introduce is novel to the literature and offers a way of studying adaptation to a changing environment and to incorporate social learning into models of adaptation under bounded rationality. Funding: J. Poblete was supported by Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingenieria [Grant ANID PIA/PUENTE AFB230002]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16791 .
Does Surgery Before Pregnancy in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Increase the Risk of Adverse Maternal and Fetal Outcomes? A Danish National Cohort Study
Authors: Friedman Sonia , Nielsen Jan , Qvist Niels , Knudsen Torben , Kjeldsen Jens , Sønnichsen-Dreehsen Anne-Sofie , Nørgård Bente Mertz 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Up to 15% of women with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) undergo bowel surgery before pregnancy, and there is little data on pregnancy outcomes in this population. We aimed to assess maternal/fetal outcomes in women with CD or UC who underwent surgeries before pregnancy.

METHODS:
In this nationwide study, we included all pregnancies in women with CD or UC from 1997 to 2022 and examined 6 categories of CD and UC surgeries before pregnancy. We used multilevel logistic regression to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risk of pregnancy and offspring complications in women who did, vs did not, undergo surgery before pregnancy.

RESULTS:
There were 833 UC and 3,150 CD pregnancies with prior surgery and 12,883 UC and CD 6,972 pregnancies without surgery. For UC, prior surgery was associated with Cesarian section (C-section) (ileoanal pouch: aOR: 20.03 [95% CI 10.33–38.83]; functional ileostomy: aOR:8.55 [6.10–11.98]; diverting ileostomy: aOR: 38.96 [17.05–89.01]) and preterm birth (aOR: 2.25 [1.48–3.75]; 3.25 [2.31–4.59]; and 2.17 [1.17–4.00]) respectively. For CD and prior intestinal surgery, the risks of C-section (aOR: 1.94 [1.66–2.27]), preterm birth (aOR: 1.30 [1.04–1.61]), and low 5-minute Apgar (aOR: 1.95 [95% CI 1.07–3.54]) increased and premature rupture of membranes (aOR: 0.68 [0.52–0.89]) decreased. For CD with only prior perianal surgery, the risk of C-section (aOR: 3.02 [2.31–3.95]) increased and risk of gestational hypertension/preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR: 0.52 [0.30–0.89]) decreased.

DISCUSSION:
Providers should be aware there is an increased likelihood of C-section and certain perinatal complications in patients with CD or UC surgery before pregnancy.
Multivariate Analysis of CO2 Emissions by Energy Generation in IEA Member Countries
Authors: Santos Daiane , Barcellos de Carvalho Silva Tuany Esthefany , Castro Reinaldo Souza 
Published: February 2024

The concentration of carbon dioxide (), the main catalyst for global warming, reached an average of 414.7 parts per million in 2021 and 2.3 ppm more than in 2020. This concentration of is the highest recorded in at least 800,000 years, according to the International Energy Agency. The increase in the concentration of is a growing concern in the scientific community and environmental organizations since the increase in global temperature resulting from this phenomenon can lead to serious and irreversible effects. This topic has gained space in global analyse and has become increasingly recurrent. This research aimed to deal with and analysed essential points in this discussion. With the study, it was possible to point out evidence that Brazil is a country that has been significantly reducing its emissions, being in the cluster along with IEA member countries that least issue . With this article, it was possible to point out similar characteristics between the emissions of the countries, making it possible to highlight three latent variables: countries that have a constant tall or low trend in emissions, Grouping of countries that showed an upward trend at the beginning of the analysed period, but with a significant reduction over time, and countries that have had more discrepant behaviour from the others, these being the countries that have a structural breakdown in their time series of emissions by power generation.
Diagnostic value of D-dimer in differentiating multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Children (MIS-C) from Kawasaki disease: systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Mattiuzzi Camilla , Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently associated with thrombo inflammation, which can predispose to developing of life-threatening conditions in children such as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease. Because of the consistent overlap in pathogenesis and symptoms, identifying laboratory tests that may aid in the differential diagnosis of these pathologies becomes crucial. We performed an electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, without date or language restrictions, to identify all possible studies reporting D-dimer values in separate cohorts of children with MIS-C or Kawasaki disease. Three multicenter cohort studies were included in our analysis, totaling 487 patients (270 with MIS-C and 217 with Kawasaki disease). In this meta-analysis, significantly higher D-dimer values were found in MIS-C compared to Kawasaki disease in all three studies, yielding an SMD of 1.5 (95 % CI, 1.3–1.7) mg/L. Thus, very high D-dimer values early in the course of disease should raise the clinical suspicion of MIS-C rather than Kawasaki disease. Further studies should be planned to identify harmonized D-dimer diagnostic thresholds that may help discriminate these conditions.
Degeneration phenomenon in linear ordinary differential equations
Authors: Lomadze Vakhtang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Given a linear constant coefficient ODE depending on a parameter, when this parameter approaches zero, the solution set converges to the solution set of the limit differential equation if the leading coefficient does not vanish. The situation is very subtle in the singular case, i.e., in the case when this coefficient becomes zero. The solution set then may even collapse completely.
In this note, a formalism is developed in which the solution set of a linear constant coefficient ODE always depends continuously on the equation coefficients.
Trigonometric approximation of signals (functions) belonging to certain Lipschitz spaces using C
δ.C operator
Authors: Luhar Shivani , Srivastava Shailesh Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 2015, Srivastava and Singh [S. K. Srivastava and U. Singh,
Trigonometric approximation of periodic functions belonging to weighted Lipschitz class

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(

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p

,

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(
t
)

,
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)

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,
Function Spaces in Analysis,
Contemp. Math. 645,
American Mathematical Society, Providence 2015, 283–291] determined the order of approximation of periodic functions belonging to

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(

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p

,

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(
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)

,
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-class, which is a weighted version of

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(

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{\mathrm{Lip}(\omega(u),p)}

-class with weight function

sin

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(

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2

)

{\sin^{\beta p}(\frac{y}{2})}

through matrix means of their trigonometric Fourier series. It is a well-known fact that the product summability methods are stronger than the single summability methods, and they can approximate a wider class of functions. Therefore, in this article, an effort is made to determine the degree of approximation for periodic functions from the same weighted Lipschitz class

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, using

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.
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-means of their trigonometric Fourier series.
Plains Cree Order as alternation
Authors: Harrigan Atticus G. , Arppe Antti 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the Plains Cree phenomenon of Order as a form of alternation not yet described as such in the literature. First, we provide a brief description of relevant Plains Cree grammar and Order as a phenomenon. This is followed by an overview of how the concept of alternation has been used in linguistics as an analytic tool. Finally, we discuss how conceiving of Order as an alternation allows for not only a better understanding of the phenomenon, but also results in a new type of alternation. We name this type of alternation a paradigmatic alternation and define it as any alternation where some lexeme can make use of two or more alternative paradigms of the same size and shape but with different morphological exponents, while representing the same set of grammatical features. We exemplify this with Plains Cree, where subject/object agreement has two distinct paradigms which verbs can take while retaining similar meanings. A brief comparison with of a similar phenomenon, Koiari tense/aspect, is also included.