bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative hemostasis management in patients with von Willebrand disease: an institutional experience
Authors: Toenges Rosa , Miesbach Wolfgang , Ludwig Kaja , Krammer-Steiner Beate 
Published: January 2024

Objectives
Patients with von Willebrand disease (vWD) undergoing surgery are routinely treated with von Willebrand factor (vWF)/factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate to control bleeding risk, but consensus is lacking on optimal dosing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tailored doses of vWF/FVIII concentrate according to intervention-associated bleeding risk in vWD patients undergoing surgery.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of vWD patients who underwent surgical procedures at a haemophilia centre. Patients received vWF/FVIII concentrate with dosage and duration of treatment dependent on intervention type (dental, gynaecological, abdominal or orthopaedic/traumatic) and bleeding risk (moderate/high).

Results
Eighty-three surgical procedures (42 patients) were included. Median preoperative loading doses of vWF/FVIII concentrate were 29.9 IU/kg and 35.7 IU/kg for interventions with moderate (n = 16) or high (n = 67) bleeding risk, respectively. The median perioperative dose was highest in orthopaedic or trauma-related surgery (140 IU/kg) and lowest in dental or gynaecological interventions (76.4 IU/kg and 80.0 IU/kg, respectively). During follow-up, no bleeding or other complications were observed in 95% of patients.

Conclusions
Individually tailored doses of vWF/FVIII concentrate according to intervention-associated bleeding risk were effective in preventing postoperative bleeding, with few complications observed. These doses may be used as guidance in routine clinical care.
Systemic immune inflammation index and its implication on in-stent restenosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ösken Altuğ , Polat Fuat , Çakir Bilal , Zengin Ahmet , Çalik Ali Nazmi , Ünal Dayi Şennur , Çam Neşe 
Published: January 2024

Objective
This study aims to assess the predictive value of the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) in determining in-stent restenosis (ISR) likelihood in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
The study enrolled 903 ACS patients undergoing PCI, categorized into ISR (+) and ISR (−) groups based on control coronary angiography results. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and angiographic-procedural characteristics were systematically compared.

Results
The ISR (+) group encompassed 264 individuals (29.2%), while the ISR (−) group comprised 639 individuals (70.8%). Patients had a mean age of 55.8 ± 10.2 years, with 69% being male. The ISR (+) group had higher diabetes and smoking prevalence and notably larger stent dimensions. Lab parameters showed significantly elevated creatinine, total cholesterol, red cell distribution width, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, SII index and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the ISR (+) group, while lymphocyte levels were lower. Binary logistic regression identified stent diameter (odds ratio [OR]: 0.598, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.935; P = 0.024), stent length (OR: 1.166, 95% CI: 1.132–1.200; P < 0.001), creatinine (OR: 0.366, 95% CI: 0.166–0.771; P = 0.003), CRP (OR: 1.075, 95% CI: 1.042–1.110; P = 0.031), and SII index (OR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.001–1.023; P < 0.001) as independent ISR predictors.

Conclusion
The SII index exhibits potential as a predictive marker for ISR in ACS patients post-PCI, indicating systemic inflammation and heightened restenosis risk. Integrating the SII index into risk models could identify high-risk patients for targeted interventions.
Updating the Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System
Authors: Gilmer Todd , Kronick Richard 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Of the 38 Medicaid programs that risk adjust payments to Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs), 33 of them use the Chronic Illness and Disability Payment System (CDPS). There has been recent interest in adding social determinants of health (SDH) into risk-adjustment models.

Objective:
To update the CDPS models using recent MCO data based on the International Classification of Diseases version 10 coding system and to explore whether indicators of SDH are predictive of expenditures.

Research Design:
Data from 3 national Medicaid MCOs and 8 states are used to update the CDPS model. We test whether spending on Medicaid beneficiaries living in economically and socially deprived communities is greater than spending on similar beneficiaries in less deprived communities.

Subjects:
Medicaid beneficiaries with full benefits and without dual eligibility under Medicare enrolled in Medicaid MCOs in 8 states during 2017–2019, including 1.4M disabled beneficiaries, 9.2M children, and 6.4M adults.

Measures:
Health care eligibility and claims records. Indicators based on the Social Deprivation Index were used to measure SDH.

Results:
The revised CDPS model has 52 CDPS categories within 19 major categories. Six major categories of CDPS were revised: Psychiatric, Pulmonary, Renal, Cancer, Infectious Disease, and Hematological. We found no relationship between health care spending and the Social Deprivation Index.

Conclusions:
The revised CDPS models and regression weights reflect the updated International Classification of Diseases-10 coding system and recent managed care delivery. States should choose alternative payment strategies to address disparities in health and health outcomes.
Triangulation of Routine Antenatal HIV Prevalence Data and Adjusted HIV Estimates in Mozambique
Authors: Stevens Oliver , Boothe Makini , Tiberi Orrin , Mahy Mary , Walker Patrick , Glaubius Robert , McOwen Jordan , Couto Aleny , Cunha Morais , Imai-Eaton Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Routine health system data are central to monitoring HIV trends. In Mozambique, the reported number of women receiving antenatal care (ANC) and antiretroviral therapy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has exceeded the Spectrum-estimated number of pregnant women since 2017. In some provinces, reported HIV prevalence in pregnant women has declined faster than epidemiologically plausible. We hypothesized that these issues are linked and caused by programmatic overenumeration of HIV-negative pregnant women at ANC.

Methods:
We triangulated program-reported ANC client numbers with survey-based fertility estimates and facility birth data adjusted for the proportion of facility births. We used survey-reported ANC attendance to produce adjusted time series of HIV prevalence in pregnant women, adjusted for hypothesized program double counting. We calibrated the Spectrum HIV estimation models to adjusted HIV prevalence data to produce adjusted adult and pediatric HIV estimates.

Results:
ANC client numbers were not consistent with facility birth data or modeled population estimates indicating ANC data quality issues in all provinces. Adjusted provincial ANC HIV prevalence in 2021 was median 45% [interquartile range 35%–52% or 2.3 percentage points (interquartile range 2.5–3.5)] higher than reported HIV prevalence. In 2021, calibrating to adjusted antenatal HIV prevalence lowered PMTCT coverage to less than 100% in most provinces and increased the modeled number of new child infections by 35%. The adjusted results better reconciled adult and pediatric antiretroviral treatment coverage and antenatal HIV prevalence with regional fertility estimates.

Conclusions:
Adjusting HIV prevalence in pregnant women using nationally representative household survey data on ANC attendance produced estimates more consistent with surveillance data. The number of children living with HIV in Mozambique has been substantially underestimated because of biased routine ANC prevalence. Renewed focus on HIV surveillance among pregnant women would improve PMTCT coverage and pediatric HIV estimates.
New HIV Infections Among Key Populations and Their Partners in 2010 and 2022, by World Region: A Multisources Estimation
Authors: Korenromp Eline L. , Sabin Keith , Stover John , Brown Tim , Johnson Leigh F. , Martin-Hughes Rowan , ten Brink Debra , Teng Yu , Stevens Oliver , Silhol Romain , Arias-Garcia Sonia , Kimani Joshua , Glaubius Robert , Vickerman Peter , Mahy Mary 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Previously, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimated proportions of adult new HIV infections among key populations (KPs) in the last calendar year, globally and in 8 regions. We refined and updated these, for 2010 and 2022, using country-level trend models informed by national data.

Methods:
Infections among 15–49 year olds were estimated for sex workers (SWs), male clients of female SW, men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), transgender women (TGW), and non-KP sex partners of these groups. Transmission models used were Goals (71 countries), AIDS Epidemic Model (13 Asian countries), Optima (9 European and Central Asian countries), and Thembisa (South Africa). Statistical Estimation and Projection Package fits were used for 15 countries. For 40 countries, new infections in 1 or more KPs were approximated from first-time diagnoses by the mode of transmission. Infection proportions among nonclient partners came from Goals, Optima, AIDS Epidemic Model, and Thembisa. For remaining countries and groups not represented in models, median proportions by KP were extrapolated from countries modeled within the same region.

Results:
Across 172 countries, estimated proportions of new adult infections in 2010 and 2022 were both 7.7% for SW, 11% and 20% for MSM, 0.72% and 1.1% for TGW, 6.8% and 8.0% for PWID, 12% and 10% for clients, and 5.3% and 8.2% for nonclient partners. In sub-Saharan Africa, proportions of new HIV infections decreased among SW, clients, and non-KP partners but increased for PWID; elsewhere these groups' 2010-to-2022 differences were opposite. For MSM and TGW, the proportions increased across all regions.

Conclusions:
KPs continue to have disproportionately high HIV incidence.
Longitudinal Associations of Experienced and Perceived Community Stigma With Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Viral Suppression in New-to-Care People With HIV: Mediating Roles of Internalized Stigma and Depression Symptoms
Authors: Yigit Ibrahim , Turan Bulent , Kurt Gülşah , Weiser Sheri D. , Johnson Mallory O. , Mugavero Michael J. , Turan Janet M. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Although cross-sectional studies have suggested that HIV-related stigma and depression symptoms may result in poor HIV treatment and health outcomes, few studies have investigated potential longitudinal mechanisms in these relationships. Furthermore, longitudinal effects of HIV-related stigma on health outcomes have not been examined in people with HIV (PWH) newly initiating HIV clinical care. We examined longitudinal associations between experienced and perceived community stigma and health outcomes (antiretroviral therapy [ART] adherence and viral load), mediated by internalized stigma and depression symptoms among new-to-care PWH in the United States.

Setting/Methods:
Data were obtained from 371 PWH who initiated HIV medical care at 4 HIV sites at baseline and 48 weeks later between December 2013 and 2018. Validated measures were used to assess experienced stigma, perceived community stigma, internalized stigma, depression symptoms, and ART adherence, and viral load was obtained from medical records at the final study visit.

Results:
Serial mediation models revealed significant indirect effects of experienced stigma and perceived community stigma on ART adherence and on viral suppression, first through internalized stigma and then through depression symptoms.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that PWH may tend to internalize HIV-related stigma when they experience acts of stigmatization or perceive negative attitudes in society, which in turn may result in negative effects on psychological and physical well-being. These findings about how stigma in society may be an antecedent mechanism for PWH to develop internalized stigma, which in turn affects individual health outcomes, can be used to tailor both individual-level and community-level interventions.
EEG Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluations
Authors: Ebersole John S. 
Published: January 2024

Summary:
Presurgical evaluations to plan intracranial EEG implantations or surgical therapies at most epilepsy centers in the United States currently depend on the visual inspection of EEG traces. Such analysis is inadequate and does not exploit all the localizing information contained in scalp EEG. Various types of EEG source modeling or imaging can provide sublobar localization of spike and seizure sources in the brain, and the software to do this with typical long-term monitoring EEG data are available to all epilepsy centers. This article reviews the fundamentals of EEG voltage fields that are used in EEG source imaging, the strengths and weakness of dipole and current density source models, the clinical situations where EEG source imaging is most useful, and the particular strengths of EEG source imaging for various cortical areas where spike/seizure sources are likely.
Single missense mutations in Vi capsule synthesis genes confer hypervirulence toSalmonellaTyphi
Authors: Lee Gi Young , Song Jeongmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMany bacterial pathogens, including the human exclusive pathogenSalmonellaTyphi, express capsular polysaccharides as a crucial virulence factor. Here, throughS.Typhi whole genome sequence analyses and functional studies, we found a list of single point mutations that makeS. Typhi hypervirulent. We discovered a single point mutation in the Vi biosynthesis enzymes that control the length or acetylation of Vi is enough to create different capsule variants ofS.Typhi. All variant strains are pathogenic, but the hyper-capsule variants are particularly hypervirulent, as demonstrated by the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in infected mice. The hypo-capsule variants have primarily been identified in Africa, whereas the hyper-capsule variants are distributed worldwide. Collectively, these studies increase awareness about the existence of different capsule variants ofS.Typhi, establish a solid foundation for numerous future studies onS.Typhi capsule variants, and offer valuable insights into strategies to combat capsulated bacteria.
Evaluation of Microplate Handling Accuracy for Applying Robotic Arms in Laboratory Automation
Authors: Harazono Yoritaka , Shimono Haruko , Hata Kikumi , Mitsuyama Toutai , Horinouchi Takaaki 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAn inexpensive single-arm robot is widely utilized for recent laboratory automation solutions. The integration of a single-arm robot as a transfer system into a semi-automatic liquid dispenser without a transfer system can be realized as an inexpensive alternative to a fully automated liquid handling system. However, there has been no quantitative investigation of the positional accuracy of robot arms required to transfer microplates. In this study, we constructed a platform comprising aluminum frames and digital gauges to facilitate such measurements. We measured the position repeatability of a robot arm equipped with a custom-made finger by repeatedly transferring microplates. Further, the acceptable misalignment of plate transfer was evaluated by adding an artificial offset to the microplate position using this platform. The results of these experiments are expected to serve as benchmarks for the selection of robot arms for laboratory automation in biology. Furthermore, all information for replicating this device will be made publicly available, thereby allowing many researchers to collaborate and accumulate knowledge, hopefully contributing to advances in this field.
Enhancing Sustainable Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Potentials of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Pest Control
Authors: Nosa Osawe 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a type of soil-dwelling nematodes with a remarkable ability to infect insect pests. Their employment for control of pests is a means to foster sustainable agricultural practices. These environmentally safe alternatives to pesticides are being researched in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but there are many gaps to be filled, which this review exposes. The systematic analysis of peer-reviewed articles from 2003 to 2022 shows that about 56% of published articles on EPNs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) come from studies in South Africa. In SSA, applied pest management studies of these nematodes have focused on Lepidopteran (41.7%), Coleopteran (22.2%), and Hemipteran (18.1%) pests, withCydiasp.,Planococcussp., andThaumatotibiasp. being the most targeted genera. Many areas in SSA remain unexplored for EPNs and knowledge of their use is still experimental. There is a paucity of knowledge regarding the bacteria symbionts of indigenous EPNs in SSA, with the possibility of variations in bacterial symbionts being associated with specific ecological populations. However, promising strides have been made, and further surveys are needed to explore untapped geographies. Utilizing native EPN species holds promise in curbing the reliance on hazardous pesticides and promoting integrated pest management approaches in SSA, representing a sustainable method for pest control.
Major role of S-glycoprotein in providing immunogenicity and protective immunity in mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines based on SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins
Authors: Bykonia Evgeniia N. , Kleymenov Denis A. , Gushchin Vladimir A. , Sinyavin Andrey E. , Mazunina Elena P. , Kuznetsova Nadezhda A. , Kozlova Sofia R. , Zolotar Anastasia N. , Shidlovskaya Elena V , Usachev Evgeny V. , Pochtovyi Andrei A. , Kustova Daria D , Ivanov Igor A. , Dmitriev Sergey E. , Ivanov Roman A. , Logunov Denis Y. , Gintsburg Alexander L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTRecently we have developed an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) platform providing efficient long-term expression of an encoded genein vivoafter both intramuscular and intravenous application. Based on this platform, we have generated mRNA-LNP coding SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins M, N, S from different virus variants and studied their immunogenicity separately or in combinationsin vivo. As a result, all candidate vaccine compositions coding S and N proteins induced excellent anti-RBD and N titers of binding antibodies. T cell responses mainly represented specific CD4+ T cell lymphocyte producing IL-2 and TNF-α. mRNA-LNP coding M protein did not show high immunogenicity. High neutralizing activity was detected in sera of mice vaccinated with mRNA-LNP coding S protein (alone or in combinations) against closely related strains but was not detectable or significantly lower against an evolutionarily distant variant. Our data showed that the addition of mRNAs encoding S and M antigens to the mRNA-N in the vaccine composition enhanced immunogenicity of mRNA-N inducing more robust immune response to the N protein. Based on our results, we suggested that the S protein plays a key role in enhancement of immune response to the N protein in the mRNA-LNP vaccine.
SORBET: Automated cell-neighborhood analysis of spatial transcriptomics or proteomics for interpretable sample classification via GNN
Authors: Shimonov Shay , Cunningham Joseph M , Talmon Ronen , Aizenbud Lilach , Desai Shruti J , Rimm David , Schalper Kurt , Kluger Harriet , Kluger Yuval 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpatially resolved transcriptomics or proteomics data have the potential to contribute fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying physiologic and pathological processes. However, analysis of these data capable of relating spatial information, multiplexed markers, and their observed phenotypes remains technically challenging. To analyze these relationships, we developed SORBET, a deep learning framework that leverages recent advances in graph neural networks (GNN). We apply SORBET to predict tissue phenotypes, such as response to immunotherapy, across different disease processes and different technologies including both spatial proteomics and transcriptomics methods. Our results show that SORBET accurately learns biologically meaningful relationships across distinct tissue structures and data acquisition methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SORBET facilitates understanding of the spatially-resolved biological mechanisms underlying the inferred phenotypes. In sum, our method facilitates mapping between the rich spatial and marker information acquired from spatial ‘omics technologies to emergent biological phenotypes. Moreover, we provide novel techniques for identifying the biological processes that comprise the predicted phenotypes.
Plaat1l1 controls feeding induced NAPE biosynthesis and contributes to energy balance regulation in zebrafish
Authors: Mashhadi Zahra , Yin Linlin , Dosoky Noura S. , Chen Wenbiao , Davies Sean S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTDysregulation of energy balance leading to obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In rodents and a number of other vertebrates, feeding has been shown to induce a rapid rise in the intestinal levels ofN-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and the chronic consumption of a high fat diet abolishes this rise. Administering NAEs to rodents consuming a high fat diet reduces their adiposity, in part by reducing food intake and enhancing fat oxidation, so that feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis appears to be critical to appropriate regulation of energy balance. However, the contribution of feeding-induced intestinal NAE biosynthesis to appropriate energy balance remains poorly understood because the specific enzymes responsible for feeding-induced NAE biosynthesis have not been identified. The rate-limiting step in the intestinal biosynthesis of NAEs is formation of their immediate precursors, theN-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), by phosphatidylethanolamineN-acyltransferases (NATs). At least six NATs are found in humans and multiple homologs of these NATs are found in most vertebrate species. In recent years, the fecundity and small size of zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as their similarities in feeding behavior and energy balance regulation with mammals, have led to their use to model key features of cardiometabolic disease. We therefore searched theDanio reriogenome to identify all NAT homologs and found two additional NAT homologs besides the previously reportedplaat1,rarres3, andrarres3l, and used CRISPR/cas9 to delete these two NAT homologs (plaat1l1andplaat1l2). While wild-type fish markedly increased their intestinal NAPE and NAE levels in response to a meal after fasting, this response was completely ablated inplaat1l1-/-fish.Furthermore,plaat1l1-/-fish fed a standard flake diet had increased weight gain and glucose intolerance compared to wild-type fish. The results support a critical role for feeding-induced NAE biosynthesis in regulating energy balance and suggest that restoring this response in obese animals could potentially be used to treat obesity and cardiometabolic disease.