bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling technique to discriminate the different tissue layers of growing antler tips for gene discovery
Authors: Li Chunyi , Clark Dawn E. , Lord Eric A. , Stanton Jo‐Anne L. , Suttie James M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe utilization of a deer antler model to study gene expression in tissues undergoing rapid growth has been hampered by an inability to sample the different tissue types. We report here a standardized procedure to identify different tissue types in growing antler tips and demonstrate that it can help in the classification of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The procedure was developed using observable morphological markers within the unstained tissue at collection, and was validated by histological assessments and virtual Northern blotting. Four red deer antlers were collected at 60 days of growth and the tips (top 5 cm) were then removed. The following observable markers were identified distoproximally: the dermis (4.86 mm), the subdermal bulge (2.90 mm), the discrete columns (6.50 mm), the transition zone (a mixture of discrete and continuous columns) (3.22 mm), and the continuous columns (8.00 mm). The histological examination showed that these markers corresponded to the dermis, reserve mesenchyme, precartilage, transitional tissue from precartilage to cartilage, and cartilage, respectively. The gene expression studies revealed that these morphologically identified layers were functionally distinct tissue types and had distinct gene expression profiles. We believe that precisely defining these tissue types in growing antler tips will greatly facilitate new discoveries in this exciting field. Anat Rec 268:125–130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA oligonucleotide duplexes containing intramolecular platinated cross‐links: Energetics, hydration, sequence, and ionic effects
Authors: Kankia Besik I. , Soto Ana Maria , Burns Nicole , Shikiya Ronald , Tung Chang‐Shung , Marky Luis A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe anticancer activity of cisplatin arises from its ability to bind covalently to DNA, forming primarily intrastrand cross‐links to adjacent purine residues; the most common adducts involve d(GpG) (65%) and d(ApG) (25%) intrastrand cross‐links. The incorporation of these platinum adducts in a B‐DNA helix induces local distortions, causing bending and unwinding of the DNA. In this work, we used temperature‐dependent UV spectroscopy to investigate the unfolding thermodynamics, and associated ionic effects, of two sets of DNA decamer duplexes containing either cis‐[Pt(NH3)2{d(GpG}] or cis‐[Pt(NH3)2 {d(ApG}] cross‐links, and their corresponding unmodified duplexes. The platinated duplexes are less stable and unfold with lower TMs (and ΔG°s) in enthalpy‐driven reactions, which indicates a loss of favorable base‐pair stacking interactions. The folding thermodynamics and hydration effects for the first set of decamers containing the d(GpG) cross‐link was investigated by a combination of titration calorimetry, density, and ultrasound techniques. The hydration parameters showed an uptake of structural water by the platinated duplex and a release of electrostricted water by the control duplex. Relative to the unmodified duplex, the folding of the platinated duplex at 20°C yielded a positive ΔΔG° term [and positive ΔΔH‐Δ(TΔS) compensation] and a negative differential volume change. The opposite signs of the ΔΔG° and ΔΔV terms confirmed its uptake of structural water. Further, solvent‐accessible surface areas calculations for a similar pair of dodecamer duplexes indicated that the modified duplex has a 503 œÅ2 higher polar and nonpolar surface area that is exposed to the solvent. Therefore, the incorporation of a platinum adduct in duplex DNA disrupts favorable base‐pair stacking interactions, yielding a greater exposure of aromatic bases to the solvent, which in turn immobilizes structural water. The overall results correlate nicely with the results reported in the available structural data of nuclear magnetic resonance solution studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Nucleic Acid Sci) 65: 218–227, 2002
Optimization of cardiac cell seeding and distribution in 3D porous alginate scaffolds
Authors: Dar Ayelet , Shachar Michal , Leor Jonathan , Cohen Smadar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCardiac tissue engineering has evolved as a potential therapeutic approach to assist in cardiac regeneration. We have recently shown that tissue‐engineered cardiac graft, constructed from cardiomyocytes seeded within an alginate scaffold, is capable of preventing the deterioration in cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats. The present article addresses cell seeding within porous alginate scaffolds in an attempt to achieve 3D high‐density cardiac constructs with a uniform cell distribution. Due to the hydrophilic nature of the alginate scaffold, its >90% porosity and interconnected pore structure, cell seeding onto the scaffold was efficient and short, up to 30 min. Application of a moderate centrifugal force during cell seeding resulted in a uniform cell distribution throughout the alginate scaffolds, consequently enabling the loading of a large number of cells onto the 3D scaffolds. The percent cell yield in the alginate scaffolds ranged between 60–90%, depending on cell density at seeding; it was 90% at seeding densities of up to 1 × 108 cells/cm3 scaffold and decreased to 60% at higher densities. The highly dense cardiac constructs maintained high metabolic activity in culture. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cells aggregated within the scaffold pores. Some of the aggregates were contracting spontaneously within the matrix pores. Throughout the culture there was no indication of cardiomyocyte proliferation within the scaffolds, nor was it found in 3D cultures of cardiofibroblasts. This may enable the development of cardiac cocultures, without domination of cardiofibroblasts with time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 305–312, 2002.
Viscoelastic fluid description of bacterial biofilm material properties
Authors: Klapper I. , Rupp C. J. , Cargo R. , Purvedorj B. , Stoodley P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA mathematical model describing the constitutive properties of biofilms is required for predicting biofilm deformation, failure, and detachment in response to mechanical forces. Laboratory observations indicate that biofilms are viscoelastic materials. Likewise, current knowledge of biofilm internal structure suggests modeling biofilms as associated polymer viscoelastic systems. Supporting experimental results and a system of viscoelastic fluid equations with a linear Jeffreys viscoelastic stress–strain law are presented here. This system of equations is based on elements of associated polymer physics and is also consistent with presented and previous experimental results. A number of predictions can be made. One particularly interesting result is the prediction of an elastic relaxation time on the order of a few minutes—biofilm disturbances on shorter time scales produce an elastic response, biofilm disturbances on longer time scales result in viscous flow, i.e., nonreversible biofilm deformation. Although not previously recognized, evidence of this phenomenon is in fact present in recent experimental results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 80: 289–296, 2002.
Afferent input regulates the formation of distal dendritic branches
Authors: Mizrahi Adi , Libersat Frederic 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring postembryonic development, the dendritic arbors of neurons grow to accommodate new incoming synaptic inputs. Our goal was to examine which features of dendritic architecture of postsynaptic interneurons are regulated by these synaptic inputs. To address this question, we took advantage of the cockroach cercal system where the morphology of the sensory giant interneurons (GIs) is uniquely identified and, therefore, amenable to quantitative analysis. We analyzed the three‐dimensional architecture of chronically deafferented vs. normally developed dendritic trees of a specific identified GI, namely GI2. GI2 shows five prominent dendrites, four of which were significantly altered after deafferentation. De‐afferentation induced an average of 55% decrease in metric measures (number of branch points, total length, and total surface area) on the entire dendritic tree. Sholl and branch order analysis showed a decrease in the most distal and higher order branches. We suggest that afferent input plays a specific role in shaping the morphology of dendritic trees by regulating the formation or maintenance of high‐order distal branches. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:1–10, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addressing sponsor and stakeholder needs in the evaluation authorizing environment: Trends and implications
Authors: Bernstein David J. , Whitsett Maria D. , Mohan Rakesh 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe editors make note of several trends and implications arising from the discussions in the earlier chapters, in particular, the need to recognize the complexity of evaluation contexts involving multiple sponsors and stakeholders. The significance of the multifaceted and complex environment for the conduct of evaluation in state and local government settings is noted, a summary of the historical context is provided, and a discussion of the importance of maintaining evaluator independence and objectivity when addressing the diverse needs of sponsors and stakeholders is included.
One‐year prevalence of death thoughts, suicide ideation and behaviours in an elderly population
Authors: Scocco P. , De Leo D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundSuicidality is constituted by all those phenomena that are apparently positioned along a continuum, with the two extremes represented by death wishes and completed suicide.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to show the one‐year prevalence of the phenomena constituting this possible continuum in the elderly population (aged 65 years and over) of a northern Italian city and to evaluate the relationship between some of these phenomena with psychological suffering.MethodEmotional feelings and suicidal thoughts have been investigated by an epidemiological survey conducted in a central quarter of that city. Data on attempted and completed suicide derived from the data bank of the Padua's WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention that monitors these phenomena since 1989.Results and ConclusionsResults suggest the existence of some continuity in suicidal phenomena, where prevalence decreases from those of emotional/ideational nature to most extreme behaviour. Subjects presenting with more severe suicidal ideation were those also obtaining highest scores in a number of sub‐scales of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of bipolar disorder in older adults
Authors: Sajatovic Martha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that 10% of all patients with bipolar disorder develop their illness after the age of 50, with bipolar disorder accounting for 5–19% of mood disorder presentations in the elderly. There has been a growing awareness regarding the manifestation of bipolar disorder among older adults due to both changes in national demographics, and developing sophistication in the treatment of bipolar illness. A persistent problem in our understanding of management of late life bipolar disorder is the paucity of research and rigorous published studies on the psychopharmacology of this condition.ObjectiveThis paper reviews medication treatments, non‐medication biological therapies, and psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder in late life with a particular emphasis on age related modifiers of treatment.MethodsFindings are based upon review of the current literature.ResultsThere are multiple, significant gaps in our knowledge of bipolar disorder in late life which have important implications in the optimum treatment of elderly individuals with bipolar illness.ConclusionThere are a number of areas of needed future research in late life bipolar disorder. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expatriation and repatriation in MNCs: a taxonomy
Authors: Baruch Yehuda , Altman Yochanan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe challenge of the management of expatriates and repatriates has never been more timely nor urgent:
globalization has forced expatriation into the corporate agenda, confronting us with an array of questions on
HRM strategy and practice. We propose that a wide range of current thinking and practice may be conveniently
grouped into a taxonomy of five organizational options, each advancing a different set of expatriation
relationships: Global, Emissary, Peripheral, Professional, and Expedient. A framework outlining the main
configurations of these options generates a generic model for expatriation at the organizational level. This
forms the principal part of the article, followed by a comprehensive discussion and implications for practice.
© 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating high‐performance organizations in the public sector
Authors: Muldrow Tressie Wright , Buckley Timothy , Schay Brigitte W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAccurate information about an organization's culture can provide a basis for improving processes and
enhancing outcomes such as customer service and return on investment. Using a reliable and valid survey is an
effective way to obtain employee perceptions about the organizational culture. This article describes the
development and use of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Organizational Assessment Survey. It provides
two examples, the U.S. Mint and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region VI, that show how
measures of organizational culture can help federal agencies become high‐performance organizations. ©
2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells: Role in tumor progression to the metastatic state
Authors: Fernández Yolanda , Gu Bin , Martínez Antonio , Torregrosa Angels , Sierra Angels 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReduction in apoptosis has been associated with tumor metastases and response to chemotherapy in breast cancer. We examine the influence of apoptosis status and the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL on metastatic progression and response to therapy in an experimental model of breast cancer. We used human breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB 435, MDA‐MB 468 and MCF‐7) to induce orthotopic xenograft tumors in nude mice. The overexpression of Bcl‐2 or Bcl‐xL influenced tumorigenicity, 468 transfectants being less tumorigenic than control (p < 0.0001). Lung metastasis appeared at day 120 in animals injected with 435/Bcl‐2 or 435/Bcl‐xL and they showed higher metastatic activity than control 435/Neo tumors (p = 0.02). In contrast, mice with 468 tumors were followed for 1 year after tumor excision, but they did not develop metastatic foci. 435/Bcl‐2 and 435/Bcl‐xL transfectant cells bound less readily to laminin (ANOVA, p < 0.0001), fibronectin (ANOVA, p < 0.0001) and collagen type‐IV (ANOVA, p < 0.0001) than 435/Neo cells. The overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins in 435 transfectants rescued 20–40% of cells from anoikis at 64 hr in rocking conditions. In contrast, at this time only 5–10% of 468 and MCF‐7 transfectant cells were rescued. Thus, the overexpression of the Bcl‐2 or Bcl‐xL associated with the loss of apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vivo may account for their metastatic behavior. These genes increase tumor metastasis when the oncogenic background has triggered the metastatic process, in which anoikis might determine tumor progression when the life span of the cells is extended. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated protein expression of cyclin D1 and Fra‐1 but decreased expression of c‐Myc in human colorectal adenocarcinomas overexpressing β‐catenin
Authors: Wang Hanlin L. , Wang Julia , Xiao Shu‐Yuan , Haydon Rex , Stoiber Debra , He Tong‐Chuan , Bissonnette Marc , Hart John 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene, or its downstream target β‐catenin, have been implicated in the initiation of most sporadic human colorectal epithelial neoplasms. These mutations, in turn, lead to aberrant nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin and subsequent activation of the β‐catenin/Tcf transcription factor complex. In vitro studies utilizing cultured human colon cancer cell lines have identified c‐myc, cyclin D1 and fra‐1 as target genes of β‐catenin/Tcf signaling. In our study, 12 cases of human colorectal adenocarcinomas were examined by Western immunoblotting analysis and immunohistochemical staining to specifically investigate whether the protein expression of these target genes was indeed altered in vivo by β‐catenin dysregulation. The results show that the protein level of β‐catenin was significantly increased in all 12 tumors (3.4 ± 1.0‐fold increase compared to the control normal mucosa by Western immunoblotting, p < 0.05), and this increase was associated with positive nuclear staining by immunohistochemistry in 10 cases. Increased levels of expression of cyclin D1 and Fra‐1 proteins were also demonstrated in every tumor (9.0 ± 2.7 and 3.3 ± 0.9‐fold increases compared to normal mucosa, respectively). Surprisingly, the protein level of c‐Myc was significantly decreased in all tumors examined by 49 ± 19% (p < 0.05), but the c‐myc mRNA level was increased in 8 of 12 tumors when compared to that in normal mucosa by RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemical staining performed on these carcinomas and additional 27 colorectal carcinomas further demonstrated that the protein expression level of c‐Myc and β‐catenin nuclear localization were not correlated. Moreover, 15 of 20 colorectal adenomas exhibited positive nuclear β‐catenin immunostaining, among which 11 also exhibited increased c‐Myc protein expression. These data thus support the notion that upregulation of cyclin D1 and Fra‐1 in human colorectal adenocarcinomas is driven by abnormally expressed β‐catenin. However, the regulation of c‐myc expression in colorectal tumors appears to be more complex. While dysregulated β‐catenin may cause a transcriptional upregulation of the c‐myc gene, the c‐Myc protein expression appears to be further regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism(s) during the process of neoplastic progression. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydration structure of human lysozyme investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and cryogenic X‐ray crystal structure analyses: On the correlation between crystal water sites, solvent density, and solvent dipole
Authors: Higo Junichi , Nakasako Masayoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe hydration structure of human lysozyme was studied with cryogenic X‐ray diffraction experiment and molecular dynamics simulations. The crystal structure analysis at a resolution of 1.4 Å provided 405 crystal water molecules around the enzyme. In the simulations at 300 K, the crystal structure was immersed in explicit water molecules. We examined correlations between crystal water sites and two physical quantities calculated from the 1‐ns simulation trajectories: the solvent density reflecting the time‐averaged distribution of water molecules, and the solvent dipole measuring the orientational ordering of water molecules around the enzyme. The local high solvent density sites were consistent with the crystal water sites, and better correlation was observed around surface residues with smaller conformational fluctuations during the simulations. Solvent dipoles around those sites exhibited coherent and persistent ordering, indicating that the hydration water molecules at the crystal water sites were highly oriented through the interactions with hydrophilic residues. Those water molecules restrained the orientational motions of adjoining water molecules and induced a solvent dipole field, which was persistent during the simulations around the enzyme. The coherent ordering was particularly prominent in and around the active site cleft of the enzyme. Because the ordering was significant up to the third to fourth solvent layer region from the enzyme surface, the coherently ordered solvent dipoles likely contributed to the molecular recognition of the enzyme in a long‐distance range. The present work may provide a new approach combining computational and the experimental studies to understand protein hydration. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1323–1336, 2002
Natriuretic peptides in relation to the cardiac innervation and conduction system
Authors: Hansson Magnus 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDuring the past two decades, the heart has been known to undergo endocrine action, harbouring peptides with hormonal activities. These, termed “atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP),” “brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),” and “C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP),” are polypeptides mainly produced in the cardiac myocardium, where they are released into the circulation, producing profound hypotensive effects due to their diuretic, natriuretic, and vascular dilatory properties. It is, furthermore, well established that cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure and different forms of cardiomyopathy are combined with increased expression of ANP and BNP, leading to elevated levels of these peptides in the plasma. Besides the occurrence of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in the ordinary myocardium, the presence of ANP in the cardiac conduction system has been described. There is also evidence of ANP gene expression in nervous tissue such as the nodose ganglion and the superior cervical ganglion of the rat, ganglia known to be involved in the neuronal regulation of the heart. Furthermore, in the mammalian heart, ANP appears to affect the cardiac autonomic nervous system by sympathoinhibitory and vagoexcitatory actions. This article provides an overview of the relationship between the cardiac conduction system, the cardiac innervation and NPs in the mammalian heart and provides data for the concept that ANP is also involved in neuronal cardiac regulation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:378–386, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation of hepatitis B surface antigen coding region among infants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Nainan Omana V. , Khristova Marina L. , Byun KwanSoo , Xia Guoliang , Taylor Patricia E. , Stevens Cladd E. , Margolis Harold S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVariants in the amino acid composition of the primary antibody‐binding site of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been identified in a number of populations with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Direct sequencing of amplified or cloned PCR products, solid phase detection of sequence‐specific PCR products (SP‐PCR), and limiting dilution cloning PCR (LDC‐PCR) were compared to determine their sensitivity in detecting differing concentrations of HBsAg variants. LDC‐PCR had the greatest sensitivity and could detect HBsAg variants at a concentration of 0.1% of the total viral population. HBsAg variants were detected in 51% of infants with chronic HBV infection acquired after postexposure prophylaxis, and more than half of the variants were detected only by the most sensitive methods. J. Med. Virol. 68:319–327, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.