bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium Magnesium Citrate Is Superior to Potassium Chloride in Reversing Metabolic Side Effects of Chlorthalidone
Authors: Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Giacona John M. , Pittman Danielle , Murillo Ashley , Khan Ghazi , Wang Jijia , Johnson Talon , Ren Jimin , Moe Orson W. , Pak Charles C.Y. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Thiazide diuretics (TD) are the first-line treatment of hypertension because of its consistent benefit in lowering blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. TD is also known to cause an excess risk of diabetes, which may limit long-term use. Although potassium (K) depletion was thought to be the main mechanism of TD-induced hyperglycemia, TD also triggers magnesium (Mg) depletion. However, the role of Mg supplementation in modulating metabolic side effects of TD has not been investigated. Therefore, we aim to determine the effect of potassium magnesium citrate (KMgCit) on fasting plasma glucose and liver fat by magnetic resonance imaging during TD therapy.

METHODS:
Accordingly, we conducted a double-blinded RCT in 60 nondiabetic hypertension patients to compare the effects of KCl versus KMgCit during chlorthalidone treatment. Each patient received chlorthalidone alone for 3 weeks before randomization. Primary end point was the change in fasting plasma glucose after 16 weeks of KCl or KMgCit supplementation from chlorthalidone alone.

RESULTS:

The mean age of subjects was 59±11 years (30% Black participants). Chlorthalidone alone induced a significant rise in fasting plasma glucose, and a significant fall in serum K, serum Mg, and 24-hour urinary citrate excretion (all
P
<0.05). KMgCit attenuated the rise in fasting plasma glucose by 7.9 mg/dL versus KCl (
P
<0.05), which was not observed with KCl. There were no significant differences in liver fat between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
KMgCit is superior to KCl, the common form of K supplement used in clinical practice, in preventing TD-induced hyperglycemia. This action may improve tolerability and cardiovascular safety in patients with hypertension treated with this drug class.
The Untold Story of the Heroes of Civic Leadership in Somalia: The Case Study of Kham-Kham Village
Authors: Odowa Abdullahi M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In many countries of Africa, political leaders are in continual negotiation or competition with a broader range of civic leaders who provide leadership in areas which state institutions do not reach. However, scholarship on African leadership continues to focus on political leadership rather than paying equal attention to the dual role of civic and political leadership in the continent. In this article, the author argues that the analysis of African civic leaders has the potential to enhance the relevance and richness of discourse on African leadership if properly explored. To advance this argument and to demonstrate that it is not all negative in the arena of postcolonial Somali leadership, this article provides a comprehensive picture of civic leadership in the village of Kham-Kham, Somalia. Using both in-depth interviews and a review of the relevant literature, the article highlights how village leaders in Kham-Kham managed to create a safe haven for those fleeing ethnic cleansing, natural disasters, and other forms of insecurity. It also highlights how leaders tried to establish law and order for the village residents while Somali political leaders struggled to save the Somali state from complete collapse or struggled to agree on how to revive it.
Al-Shaʿrānī’s Defence of Ibn ʿArabī in Context: Interpreting ‘the Oneness of Existence’ (waḥdat al-wujūd) as Experiential Oneness
Authors: Cheifetz Haruka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The sixteenth-century Egyptian scholar ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Shaʿrānī was a prominent Shāfiʿī jurist of his time as well as an ardent supporter of Ibn ʿArabī; he played an important role in popularising Ibn ʿArabī’s teaching, which were then considered highly controversial. However, in current scholarship, al-Shaʿrānī’s defence of Ibn ʿArabī’s work is often dismissed as arbitrary and inconsistent. The present study seeks to challenge this negative, albeit unanimous, view of al-Shaʿrānī’s work, by demonstrating that his reading of Ibn ʿArabī is in fact founded upon a carefully thought-out methodology. By detailing the views of both pro- and anti-Ibn ʿArabī scholars, I first shed light on the classification of mystics that these scholars shared in common: heretical proponents of the oneness of existence (waḥdat al-wujūd) and legitimate advocates of the oneness of witnessing (waḥdat al-shuhūd) – which I describe in the study as ‘experiential oneness’. Secondly, by referring to al-Shaʿrānī’s hitherto unstudied texts, I discuss how he adapted the same framework of categorising the mystics with the aim of defending Ibn ʿArabī. I demonstrate how al-Shaʿrānī interpreted the ontological doctrine of the oneness of existence as a psychological, perceptual state of experiential oneness, thereby promoting Ibn ʿArabī as an exponent of experiential oneness. Furthermore, I argue that by building upon this reading method of experiential oneness, al-Shaʿrānī recontextualised some of Ibn ʿArabī’s famous tenets, such as divine self-manifestation (tajallī) and anthropomorphism (tashbīh). By doing so, al-Shaʿrānī combined Ibn ʿArabī’s teachings with his own mystical worldview, which is based on experiential oneness. I conclude that al-Shaʿrānī’s approach to Ibn ʿArabī was fittingly formulated against the intellectual trends of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Egypt, and that al-Shaʿrānī was an innovative and unique defender of Ibn ʿArabī’s thought.
Properties of Catalpa bungei (Bignoniaceae) earlywood and latewood in the same growth ring during moisture adsorption/desorption: swelling and shrinkage at the cell level
Authors: Yin Fangyu , Jiang Jiali , Sheng Shixiong , Wang Ping , Yang Yong , Yin Yafang 
Published: October 2023

Summary
In this study, Dynamic Vapor Sorption Resolution combined with a Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope was used to document in real-time the swelling/shrinkage behavior of earlywood and latewood cells (wood fiber and vessel) on homogeneous samples of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. at the microscopic scale. The results showed that the lumen and cell wall of wood fibers swelled with the increase of relative humidity and shrank with the decrease of relative humidity in the sorption cycle of 0∼95% relative humidity condition. However, vessels showed an opposite trend to the behaviors mentioned above. In any region of both types of cells, latewood cell size (area and diameter) changed more significantly. For diameter change, the change of tangential diameter was larger than that of radial diameter. In addition, in the sorption cycle, the size (area and diameter) change of any region of wood fiber and vessel showed swelling hysteresis. Compared with earlywood cells, latewood cells had a more pronounced swelling hysteretic value, and the swelling hysteretic value in the tangential direction was higher than that in the radial direction in terms of diameter. Sorption hysteresis might be one of the contributing factors to swelling hysteresis. Finally, it was found that under any relative humidity, the dimensional changes of the wood fibers and the vessels were immediately stabilized when the moisture content reached its equilibrium.
Green Internationalism on Display: Motives, Structures, and Dynamics of Nordic Environmental Diplomacy during the 1970s
Authors: Buns Melina Antonia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Using the negotiations of the 1979 Convention on Long-Rage Transboundary Air Pollution as a case, this article examines the characteristics of Nordic environmental diplomacy. Through a Nordic perspective, it investigates the practices, dynamics, and motives of Nordic cooperation on atmospheric pollution within an international context. It argues that Nordic environmental diplomacy was anchored in regional Nordic cooperation, facilitating a fluid and multi-layered collaboration at the international scene. By revealing this complexity of Nordic environmental diplomacy, the article nuances the diplomatic accounts focusing on single countries, emphasizing the multi-ownership of ideas and achievements. Furthermore, by exploring the motivational, organization, and practical traits of Nordic environmental diplomacy, it proposes to characterize Nordic environmental diplomacy as green internationalism, a self-interested international environmentalism resting upon a shared sense of Nordic solidarity and institutional cooperation.
“Calculate the Limits of the Possible”: Scandinavian Legal Diplomacy, Diplomatic Arenas and the Establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice
Authors: Ikonomou Haakon A. , van Leeuwen Karin , Rasmussen Morten 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article considers the role of the Scandinavian states in the establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice (pcij) and how the construction of the pcij and the wider League of Nations shaped Scandinavian legal diplomacy. It does so by analyzing legal-diplomatic practices within five significant diplomatic arenas between 1917 and 1920, from the early Scandinavian committee work, via the Advisory Committee of Jurists to the First League Assembly. Our article argues that we need to be attuned to how the emergence of the League of Nations and the particular sequence of multilateral negotiations that led to the creation of the pcij transformed Scandinavian (legal) internationalism and aligned the three countries to the new international order.
Factors limiting women’s adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after cesarean section in the Gaza Strip: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aldabbour Belal , Abu Sidgh Ola , Haboush Israa , Jalhum Eman , Alsmary Shimaa , Irheem Sara , Elamassie Samah , Zimmo Mohammad , Asad Mohammad Dabour 
Published: October 2023

Objectives We evaluate the rates and limitations of women’s adherence to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) after cesarean section (CS) in the Gaza Strip. Methods Women who underwent CS were recruited consecutively. Communication offered to women, adherence to Venous thromboembolism (VTE), and its limiting factors were surveyed. Results 281 women participated (mean age 27.9 years). 51.95% fully adhered to VTE prophylaxis. Causes of suboptimal adherence were: 51.1% did not feel VTE prophylaxis was important, 37.8% due to high drug cost, and 11.1% didn’t receive a prescription for LMWH at discharge. Poor communication was evident as 48.8% of the sample did not receive any instructions about the technical method of LMWH injection, 45.6% did not receive any information about the clinical significance of heparin, and 74.7% were unaware of LMWH side effects. Conclusion There is inadequate adherence to VTE prophylaxis after CS among Gaza women, mostly due to a lack of appropriate communication but also due to drug costs.
Association of Postless Distraction in Hip Arthroscopy With Decreased Postoperative Groin Numbness
Authors: Parkes Chad W. , Featherall Joseph , McGrale Cody T. , Reader Lindsey L. , Adeyemi Temitope F. , Aoki Stephen K. , Maak Travis G. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy performed with perineal post distraction may experience postoperative nerve and soft tissue complications related to the perineal post. Purpose: To compare rates of postoperative numbness in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with postless distraction and perineal post distraction methods. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed on patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS, with postless distraction and perineal post distraction methods. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, radiographic data, and operative data. Traction force data were collected on all patients prospectively using a previously validated method. Data on postoperative numbness (presence/absence and regionality) were collected prospectively at routine postoperative follow-ups (6-week and 3-month postoperative clinic visits). Results: Overall, 195 patients were included, with 94 patients (mean age, 30.4 years) in the postless distraction cohort and 101 patients (mean age, 31.9 years) in the post distraction cohort. The overall numbness rates were 29 of 94 (30.9%) in the postless distraction group and 45 of 101 (44.6%) in the post distraction group ( P = .068). Rates of postoperative groin numbness were 1 of 94 (1.1%) in the postless distraction group and 19 of 101 (18.8%) in the post distraction group ( P < .001). Multivariate analysis for postoperative groin numbness demonstrated post distraction (odds ratio [OR], 16.5; P = .022) and traction time (OR, 1.7; P = .020) to be statistically significant variables. In subgroup analysis of the post distraction group, traction time ( P = .015), but not holding ( P = .508) or maximum traction force ( P = .665), reached statistical significance in patients who developed postoperative groin numbness. Conclusion: Postless distraction hip arthroscopy demonstrated a statistically significantly lower rate of groin numbness rates in comparison with a traditional perineal post distraction method. In the post distraction group, traction time was significantly higher in patients who developed postoperative groin numbness than in those who did not.
A Scoping Review on Gender/Sex Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Uptake in the United States
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M. , Hirani Inara M. , Luttinen Rebecca L. , Hayward Matt , Fleming Paul J. 
Published: October 2023

Objective To explore the empirical literature on gender/sex differences in vaccine acceptance among U.S.-based adults and adolescents in approximately the first 2 years of the pandemic. Data source Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, EBSCO, CINAHL, Web of Science Study inclusion and exclusion criteria Peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. with those aged 12 and older, published in English before January 12, 2022, examining the relationship between gender/sex on COVID-19 vaccine intentions and/or uptake. Data extraction Three authors screened studies and extracted data. Data Synthesis Univariate and multivariate results are summarized. Results A total of 53 studies met inclusion criteria (48 intentions, 7 uptake), using mostly cross-sectional designs (92.5%) and non-random sampling (83.0%). The majority of studies supported men’s greater intentions to vaccinate compared to women, and men’s greater vaccine uptake in univariate analyses, but most multivariate analyses supported no gender differences in uptake. Few studies examined gender beyond binary categories (women/men), highlighting a gap in the studies inclusive of transgender or gender-diverse populations in analyses. Conclusion Women may have been more hesitant to get the vaccine than men early in the pandemic, but these differences may not translate to actual behavior. Future research should include non-binary/transgender populations, explore the gender-specific reasons for hesitancy and differences by sub-populations, utilize more rigorous designs, and test gender-sensitive public health campaigns to mitigate vaccine concerns.
Asymmetric Post-Traumatic Knee Arthritis Is Closely Correlated With Both Severity and Time for Lower Limb Coronal Plane Malalignment
Authors: Visscher Luke E. , McCarthy Cathal , White Jordy , Tetsworth Kevin 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Mechanical alignment of the lower limbs has been suggested to cause abnormal uneven loading across the compartments at the knee, but its contribution to the initiation and progression of arthritis remains controversial. This study aimed to establish whether malalignment of the lower limb after trauma is associated with worsened arthritis scores in the theoretically overloaded compartment, and if arthritis scores continuously correlate with the degree of malalignment and time with deformity. Design: After screening 1160 X-rays, 60 patients were identified with long-leg radiographs > 2 years after fracture. Measurement of mechanical axis deviation (MAD) divided into groups of varus malalignment ( n = 16, >16 mm), valgus ( n = 25, <0 mm), and normal alignment ( n = 19). Alignment and bilateral knee compartmental arthritis scores were recorded by three clinicians, compared via analysis of variance and assessed with linear regression against time since injury using MAD as a covariate. Results: In varus and valgus malalignment, there was a greater mean arthritis score in the “overloaded” compartment compared to the contralateral side, with varus medial Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores 5.17 ± 2.91 vs 3.50 ± 2.72 ( P = 0.006) and Kellegren-Lawrence scores 2.65 ± 1.19 vs 1.79 ± 1.24 ( P ≤ 0.001). In a linear regression model, OARSI arthritis score was significantly associated with absolute MAD (0.6/10 mm MAD, P < 0.001) and time (0.7/decade, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Malalignment consistently results in more advanced arthritis scores in the overloaded compartment, most likely related to abnormal loading across the knee. Severity of arthritis using OARSI grading continuously correlates with degree of malalignment and time with deformity after post-traumatic malunion.
Biological durability and wood–water interactions of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) modified wood
Authors: Kurkowiak Katarzyna , Emmerich Lukas , Militz Holger 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between moisture dynamics of sorbitol and citric acid (SorCA) modified wood and its biological durability. Specifically, the research aimed to determine the chemical loading needed for effective protection against wood-destroying basidiomycetes, while also improving the understanding of the moisture behavior of SorCA-modified wood. The SorCA modification process is relatively new, and thus, there is limited knowledge on its moisture behavior and its impact on biological durability. The research focused on Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and used the EN 113-2 standard to investigate its durability against wood-destroying basidiomycetes. Moisture behavior was analyzed through short-term water uptake and release tests, capillary water uptake and CEN/TS 16818. Results showed a significant reduction in liquid and water vapor uptake, likely due to a reduction in the maximum moisture capacity within the wood cell wall. The study confirmed that high chemical loadings (i.e., weight percent gain, WPG) are necessary for adequate decay protection.
Integrating Association Mapping, Linkage Mapping, Fine Mapping with RNA Seq Conferring Seedling Vigor Improvement for Successful Crop Establishment in Deep Sown Direct-Seeded Rice
Authors: Sandhu Nitika , Ankush Ade Pooja , Singh Jasneet , Raigar Om Prakash , Bains Sutej , Jindal Taveena , Singh Mohini Prabha , Sethi Mehak , Pruthi Gomsie , Augustine Gaurav , Verma Vikas Kumar , Goyal Shivani , Kumar Aman , Panwar Harsh , Sihag Manvesh Kumar , Kaur Rupinder , Kurup Smita , Kumar Arvind 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOngoing large-scale shift towards direct seeded rice (DSR) necessitates a convergence of breeding and genetic approaches for its sustenance and harnessing natural resources and environmental benefits. Improving seedling vigour remains key objective for breeders working with DSR. The present study aims to understand the genetic control of seedling vigour in deep sown DSR. Combined genome-wide association mapping, linkage mapping, fine mapping, RNA-sequencing to identify candidate genes and validation of putative candidate genes were performed in the present study.ResultsSignificant phenotypic variations were observed among genotypes in both F3:4:5and BC2F2:3populations. The mesocotyl length showed significant positive correlation with %germination, root and shoot length. The 881 kb region on chromosome 7 reported to be associated with mesocotyl elongation. RNA-seq data and RT-PCR results identified and validated seven potential candidate genes. The four promising introgression lines free from linkage drag and with longer mesocotyl length, longer root length, semi-dwarf plant height have been identified.ConclusionThe study will provide rice breeders (1) the pre breeding material in the form of anticipated DSR adapted introgression lines possessing useful traits and alleles improving germination under deep sown DSR field conditions (2) the base for the studies involving functional characterization of candidate genes. The development and utilization of improved introgression lines and molecular markers may play an important role in genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) during the pyramiding of valuable genes providing adaptation to rice under DSR. Our results offer a robust and reliable package that can contribute towards enhancing genetic gains in direct seeded rice breeding programs.
Humoral immune response and changes in peritoneal cell populations in rats immunized against two Leptospira serovars; serovar patoc and serovar pyrogenes
Authors: Gangani Dakshika , Dissanayake Wathsala , de Silva Rajiva , Anuradha Kaushalya , Karunanayake Lilani , Fernando Narmada , Rajapakse Senaka , Premawansa Sunil , Handunnetti Shiroma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species. Variations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure in Leptospira are known to be associated with the serovar diversity and antigenicity. Development of immunodiagnostics for early detection of leptospirosis based on immune responses against different pathogenic antigens as well as development of vaccines are important. Hence, this study has assessed the immune response generated against leptospiral LPS and whole antigen preparations of pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira and specific changes in peritoneal cells was also studied to elucidate the cellular responses associated with immune response of Wistar rats.

Methods
During the study, immune response induced by two types of Leptospira antigen preparations of two selected serovars was compared. Changes in the specific peritoneal cell subpopulations following immunizations of rats were analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results
Of the two antigen preparations tested, the LPS extract induced a higher IgM immune response as opposed to the sonicated antigen preparation. Of the two serovars tested, L. interrogans serovar Pyrogenes had induced a higher IgM response compared to that by L. biflexa serovar Patoc. Considering the IgG titers, equivalent responses were observed with all four antigen preparations. Significant increases in lymphocytes were observed following immunization with LPS of both serovars. Interestingly, the B2 cell percentages increased significantly during the immunization period. Further, significant correlations were observed with both IgM and IgG responses and percentage of B2 cells in the peritoneal cavity (PC).

Conclusion
LPS extract of L. interrogans serovar Pyrogenes induced higher IgM response while the IgG response was equivalent among the four antigen preparations tested. Significant increase of B2 cell percentage in the peritoneal cavity during the immunization reflects the accumulation of B2 cells in the PC which may play considerable role in generating humoral response against Leptospira antigens.