bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus DNA detection in the management of women with twice mildly abnormal cytological smears
Authors: Ho Linda , Terry George , Londesborough Philip , Cuzick Jack , Lorenzato Felipe , Singer Albert 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate the value of HPV testing in women referred with two abnormal smears that were graded as mild dyskaryosis or less who attended for at least three follow‐up visits. One hundred forty‐nine women were included in the study and a total of 39 high‐grade lesions including one cancer were detected. All of these were found to be associated with the persistent presence of one or more of 13 high‐risk human papillomavirus types (HPV) as detected by a multiplex type specific PCR technique. Two high‐grade lesions were initially missed by cytology. In contrast, no cytological or histological evidence of high‐grade lesions was found during a follow‐up period of up to 8 years in 62 women with no high‐risk HPV infection or in 38 women with only transient high‐risk HPV infection. The utility of high‐risk HPV detection in the management of women presenting with mild cytological abnormalities is discussed. J. Med. Virol. 69:118–121, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between HHV‐6 reactivation and multiple sclerosis disease activity
Authors: Chapenko Svetlana , Millers Andrejs , Nora Zaiga , Logina Inara , Kukaine Rita , Murovska Modra 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study examined the association between HHV‐6 infection and multiple sclerosis (MS) and the relationship between HHV‐6 reactivation and disease activity. The frequency of HHV‐6 genomic sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the incidence of plasma viremia (nPCR), the transcription of viral mRNA in PBMCs (RT‐PCR), the presence of antiviral IgM and IgG class antibodies in the plasma (IFA) of 16 relapsing/remitting and secondary progressive MS patients were studied in comparison with clinical manifestations of the disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain, and serum interleukin (IL)‐12 concentrations (ELISA). The prevalence of HHV‐6 infection was significantly higher in patients with MS (16/26) than in patients with other neurological diseases (6/21) and in blood donors (43/150). HHV‐6 reactivation was found during periods of disease activity with Gadolinium‐enhancing lesions on MRI in both relapsing/remitting and secondary progressive MS (10/13; 76.9%). In patients with active MS disease, serum concentrations of IL‐12 were significantly higher in those patients with active HHV‐6 infection than in patients with latent infection. The data confirm an association between HHV‐6 infection and MS and show a correlation between HHV‐6 reactivation and disease activity in relapsing/remitting and secondary progressive MS. The risk of an exacerbation of MS was significantly higher (P < 0.005) in patients with active HHV‐6 infection than in patients with latent infection. A clear correlation between HHV‐6 reactivation and serum IL‐12 concentrations during disease activity has been demonstrated. The results suggest that HHV‐6 reactivation is implicated in exacerbation of MS, possibly through modulation of IL‐12 synthesis. J. Med. Virol. 69:111–117, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of an HFRS patient‐derived neutralizing recombinant antibody to Hantaan virus G1 protein and definition of the neutralizing domain
Authors: Liang Mifang , Mahler Michael , Koch Joachim , Ji Yan , Li Dexin , Schmaljohn Connie , Bautz Ekkehard K.F. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHantaan virus (HTNV) in the Hantavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae, is the major cause of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). We prepared a combinatorial phage display library of human Fabs to HTNV from RNA extracted from the blood lymphocytes of a convalescent HFRS patient. We selected two G1 glycoprotein‐specific clones and one nucleocapsid protein (N)‐specific clone from the Fab library for further studies. The human Fab antibodies were converted to IgG form in baculovirus/insect cells system by using cassette vectors that we developed earlier. Characterization of the recombinant antibodies revealed that the two G1‐specific IgGs, could bind to and neutralize HTNV but not Seoul virus (SEOV). The N‐specific IgG did not neutralize either HTNV or SEOV. Sequence analysis revealed that the two G1‐specific clones differed by only one predicted amino acid in their complementarity determining regions, CDR3. Epitope mapping studies were carried out with one of the two G1‐specific clones and synthetic peptides representing portions of HTNV G1. Results indicated that the recombinant antibody recognizes the core amino acid sequence LTKTLVIGQ, which is found near the C‐terminus of HTNV G1. These results are the first to define a neutralizing epitope on the G1 protein of HTNV using an antibody derived from an HFRS patient. J. Med. Virol. 69:99–107, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enterovirus infections are associated with the induction of β‐cell autoimmunity in a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Salminen Kimmo , Sadeharju Karita , Lönnrot Maria , Vähäsalo Paula , Kupila Antti , Korhonen Sari , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael , Hyöty Heikki 
Published: November 2002

AbstractEnterovirus infections have been associated with the manifestation of clinical type 1 diabetes in a number of reports, and recent prospective studies have suggested that enterovirus infections may initiate the autoimmune process, leading to the disease. In the present study, we analyzed the role of enterovirus infections in a Finnish birth cohort study, Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP), in which all newborn infants are screened for diabetes‐associated HLA‐DQB1 alleles, and those with an increased genetic risk are invited for prospective follow‐up. Enterovirus infections were diagnosed by serology and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) from serum samples taken from birth every 3–6 months. Case children included 41 infants who became positive for diabetes‐associated autoantibodies during the observation. Control children comprised altogether 196 infants who remained autoantibody negative and were matched for the time of birth, sex, and HLA‐DQB1 alleles. Enterovirus infections were more frequent in case children than in control children (P = 0.004), and the average enterovirus antibody levels were also higher in the case children (P = 0.003). Enterovirus infections were particularly frequent during the 6‐month period preceding the first detection of autoantibodies: 51% of the case children compared with 28% of the control children had an infection in that time interval (P = 0.003). There was no difference in the frequency of adenovirus infections between the groups (P = 0.9). The present results imply that enterovirus infections are associated with the appearance of β‐cell autoantibodies. A possible causal relationship is supported by the clustering of infections to the time when autoantibodies appeared. J. Med. Virol. 69:91–98, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies from dengue patient sera cross‐react with endothelial cells and induce damage
Authors: Lin Chiou‐Feng , Lei Huan‐Yao , Shiau Ai‐Li , Liu Ching‐Chuan , Liu Hsiao‐Sheng , Yeh Trai‐Ming , Chen Shun‐Hua , Lin Yee‐Shin 
Published: November 2002

AbstractDengue virus infection causes a wide range of diseases from the mild febrile illness dengue fever to the life‐threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular leakage and hemorrhagic syndrome are the clinical features associated with dengue infection, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the cross‐reactivity of dengue patient sera with endothelial cells was demonstrated. There were higher percentages of endothelial cells reactive with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome patient sera than those with dengue fever patient sera. The percentages of endothelial cells reactive with patient serum IgM were higher than those with IgG. Further studies showed that the endothelial cell binding activity was inhibited by pretreatment with dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The antibodies against NS1 produced after dengue virus infection may, at least in part, account for the cross‐reactivity of patient sera with endothelial cells. Furthermore, dengue patient sera induced endothelial cell apoptosis via a caspase‐dependent pathway that was also inhibited by NS1 pretreatment. In addition to apoptosis, patient sera caused cell lysis in the presence of complement, and DHF/DSS patient sera showed higher percentages of cytotoxicity than dengue fever patient sera. Thus, the generation of cross‐reactive autoantibodies against endothelial cells would lead to their dysfunction, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 69:82–90, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomes of the endothelial cell‐tropic variant and the parental Toledo strain of human cytomegalovirus are highly divergent
Authors: Baldanti Fausto , Revello M. Grazia , Percivalle Elena , Labò Nazzarena , Gerna Giuseppe 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe low‐passage Toledo strain of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and fresh clinical HCMV isolates have been reported to share the capacity to propagate efficiently in endothelial cell cultures. In the laboratory, however, repeated attempts to adapt the Toledo strain to growth in endothelial cells have been unsuccessful. Southern blot analysis of the entire viral genome and restriction length polymorphism analysis of multiple genome regions amplified by PCR demonstrated that the reported endothelial cell‐tropic viral variant of the Toledo strain and the parental Toledo strain are highly divergent. In fact, the restriction profile of the genome of the endothelial cell‐tropic variant seems highly distinct from that of the parental strain. In conclusion, the degree of dissimilarity between the two genomes suggests that the endothelial cell‐tropic variant of the Toledo strain could have originated from a recombination event. J. Med. Virol. 69:76–81, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA in perilymph of patients with sensorineural hearing loss using real‐time PCR
Authors: Sugiura Saiko , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Morishita Yoshihiro , Sato Eisuke , Hattori Taku , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAlthough cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been detected in the inner ear fluid of patients who succumbed to the complications of symptomatic congenital CMV infection, it has not been detected in the inner ear fluid of living patients. In this study, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure CMV DNA in clinical samples (including perilymph) collected from five patients with deafness. In case 1, diagnosed as a symptomatic congenital CMV infection, 3 copies/μl of CMV DNA were detected in perilymph, although no viral DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or urine samples. In case 4, a suspected asymptomatic congenital CMV infection, 36 copies/μg of CMV DNA were detected in PBMCs, but neither perilymph nor urine contained viral DNA. Likewise, in case 5, a case of deafness of unknown origin, 48 copies/μg of CMV DNA were detected in the PBMCs, but none in the perilymph or urine. CMV DNA was not detected in the samples obtained from the remaining two cases with deafness of unknown etiology. To our knowledge, this is the first report to detect CMV DNA in an inner ear sample obtained from a living human subject. J. Med. Virol. 69:72–75, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ribavirin inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in PHA‐stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Possible explanation for therapeutic efficacy in patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: Meier Volker , Bürger Erik , Mihm Sabine , Saile Bernhard , Ramadori Giuliano 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe treatment of choice for patients infected chronically with HCV is the combination of IFN‐α and ribavirin. Monotherapy with ribavirin leads to a clinical and histological improvement, but its exact mechanism of action is unknown. Therefore, the effect of ribavirin on synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and on apoptosis in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. PBMCs were isolated from the blood of HCV infected patients and from healthy volunteers. The effect of ribavirin on IFN‐γ and IL‐1β release in the supernatant of unstimulated and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated PBMCs was investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect on total DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis was analyzed by measurement of 3H‐thymidine, 3H‐uridine and 3H‐leucine incorporation into cellular macromolecules. Ribavirin led to a dose‐dependent decrease of the IFN‐γ but an increase of IL‐1β release into the supernatant of PHA‐stimulated PBMCs. At the same time, a dose‐dependent decrease of total DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in cultures of PHA‐stimulated PBMCs was demonstrated. These effects could be compensated by the addition of equimolar amounts of guanosine. The rate of apoptotic CD45+ and CD14+ cells in PBMCs cultures increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data suggest that ribavirin administration to chronically HCV‐infected patients could lead to a decrease of the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IFN‐γ) by an inhibition of total DNA‐, RNA‐, and protein‐synthesis and by induction of apoptosis in the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. Furthermore, ribavirin could influence the synthesis of viral particles in the hepatocytes. J. Med. Virol. 69:50–58, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotype, serotype, and phylogenetic characterization of the complete genome sequence of hepatitis B virus isolates from Malawian chronic carriers of the virus
Authors: Sugauchi Fuminaka , Orito Etsuro , Kato Hideaki , Suzuki Seiji , Kawakita Saori , Sakamoto Yuko , Fukushima Kouichi , Akiba Toshio , Yoshihara Namiko , Ueda Ryuzo , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: November 2002

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes have distinct geographical distribution. HBV sequences among hepatitis B carriers in Malawi have not been evaluated thus far. HBsAg serotype and genotype of HBV was determined in 20 serum samples from Malawian chronic HBV carriers, and two complete genomes and 13 entire pre‐S2/S genes were sequenced directly. Genotype A HBV isolates were found in all of the samples, and serotype with adw2 and ayw2 were detected in three and 17 samples, respectively. In phylogenetic analyses, two complete genomes were classified into a subgroup A′ that was described previously in South African isolates of the virus, and were separated from HBV isolates in Western countries with nucleotide differences ranging from 4.1–6.2%. The separation of subgroup A′ was also evident in the tree topology of the entire pre‐S1/S2, X and precore/core region, but not evident in the small‐S region. The nucleotide divergences in subgroup A′ were higher than those among genotype A without subgroup A′ in the complete genomes as well as each of four open reading frames. All of the 13 pre‐S2/S sequences were classified into the subgroup A′, and clustered with known HBV isolates with ayw2 in carriers from South Africa and Zimbabwe. Three amino acids in the pre‐S2/S gene were characteristic of subgroup A′ with ayw2. In conclusion, unique HBV isolates of subgroup A′ with ayw2 are prevalent in Malawi, and subgroup A′ with a relatively higher nucleotide diversity may be a HBV isolate characteristic of the indigenous population of some African countries. J. Med. Virol. 69:33–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selection of high affinity ligands to hepatitis B core antigen from a phage‐displayed cyclic peptide library
Authors: Ho Kok Lian , Yusoff Khatijah , Seow Heng Fong , Tan Wen Siang 
Published: November 2002

AbstractM13 phages that display random disulfide constrained heptapeptides on their gpIII proteins were used to select for high affinity ligands to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Phages bearing the amino acid sequences C‐WSFFSNI‐C and C‐WPFWGPW‐C were isolated, and a binding assay in solution showed that these phages bind tightly to full‐length and truncated HBcAg with K values less than 25 nM, which is at least 10 orders of magnitude higher than phage carrying the peptide sequence LLGRMK selected from a linear peptide library. Both the phages that display the constrained peptides were inhibited from binding to HBcAg particles by a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the immunodominant region of the particles. A synthetic heptapeptide with the amino acid sequence WSFFSNI derived from one of the fusion peptides inhibits the binding of large surface antigen (L‐HBsAg) to core particles with an IC50 value of 12 ± 2 μM. This study has identified a smaller peptide with a greater inhibitory effect on L‐HBsAg‐HBcAg association. J. Med. Virol. 69:27–32, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus S gene mutants in a patient with chronic active hepatitis with circulating Anti‐HBs antibodies
Authors: Mathet V.L. , Feld M. , Espínola L. , Sánchez D.O. , Ruiz V. , Mandó O. , Carballal G. , Quarleri J.F. , D'Mello F. , Howard C.R. , Oubiña J.R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAn adult male farmer with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis despite previous circulating anti‐HBs antibodies was studied. No markers of other hepatotropic viral infection were observed. HBV DNA was detected in serum by PCR and was characterized further by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing of cloned PCR products derived from the S gene. The HBV DNA was ascribed to genotype F, and single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) demonstrated the co‐circulation of multiple quasispecies. Some of the variants exhibited changes located within the neutralizing “a” determinant, located between amino acids 124–147 of the S protein. Within this region, two clones showed either C124R or C124Y mutations. Other mutations were Q129R, C138R, C139R, and S140T (one clone each). Outside the “a” determinant several substitutions were documented. The high degree of the quasispecies variability was probably linked to the severity of the infection. Most members of the patient's family were infected with HBV, all with genotype F. J. Med. Virol. 69:18–26, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV and HCV co‐infection: Situation at six French university hospitals in the year 2000
Authors: Buffet‐Janvresse Claudine , Peigue‐Lafeuille Hélène , Benichou Jacques , Vabret Astrid , Branger Michel , Trimoulet Pascale , Goria Odile , Laurichesse Henri , Abbed Abdelaziz , Verdon Renaud , Bouvet Elisabeth , Lafon Marie‐Edith , Dussaix Elisabeth ,   HIV‐HCV Cohort Study Group
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical, and biological characteristics of French patients co‐infected with human immunodeficiency virus‐hepatitis C virus (HIV‐HCV), as well as the management of their HCV infection. Data on 509 HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients, followed up at six French University Hospitals, were collected using a questionnaire. Student's t‐test, Pearson's chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and Fisher‐Freeman‐Halton's exact tests were used. The mean age of the patients was 38.3 years, and the male to female sex ratio 2.08; 88% of patients were born in Metropolitan France, and 20% were dependent on health benefits; 74% were intravenous drug users and 14% blood or blood product recipients. Forty‐seven percent were in CDC classification stage A, 18% had a CD4+ count of <200, and 79% were undergoing current antiretroviral treatment. HCV RNA was positive in 84% (50% type 1, 13% untypable). Forty‐four percent had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, 24% alcohol consumption >15 g/day, and 51% had undergone liver biopsy (10% of which had cirrhosis). Histological grade was not related to ALT level or CD4+ count. Overall, 40% of patients had been treated for HCV infection. HCV treatment was significantly associated with performance of liver biopsy, histological grade, ALT level, CD4+ count, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification, but not with age or alcohol consumption. Rate of early response to treatment was fifty percent among patients treated with bitherapy. Eighty‐nine percent of all patients with previous or current anti‐HCV treatment had undergone liver biopsy. In conclusion, despite the difficulties in managing hepatitis C in HIV‐infected patients, almost one‐half of all patients in this study had received anti‐HCV treatment. J. Med. Virol. 69:7–17, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication capacity, biological phenotype, and drug resistance of HIV strains isolated from patients failing antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Nicastri Emanuele , Sarmati Loredana , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Palmisano Lucia , Parisi Saverio G. , Uccella Ilaria , Rianda Alessia , Concia Ercole , Vullo Vincenzo , Vella Stefano , Andreoni Massimo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe fitness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vivo depends on the interaction of a multitude of viral and host factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological phenotype and the intrinsic capacity of the HIV isolates with drug‐resistance mutations to replicate efficiently in the absence of drugs. An open label multicenter cross‐sectional study was undertaken on 28 HIV‐infected patients failing antiretroviral treatment. The subjects were studied for CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, syncytium‐inducing phenotype, genotypic drug‐resistance assay, and replication capacity of HIV isolates assessed by co‐culture assay. All HIV isolates showed a decreased replication capacity compared with wild‐type strains. The lowest replication capacity was detected in HIV strains with more than five drug‐resistance mutations. The highest replication capacity was observed in strains carrying the K103N and Y181C primary mutations that emerged after treatment with non‐nucleoside analogue inhibitors. Isolates with R5 biological phenotype had a higher number of resistant mutations than X4 isolates (P = 0.004). Particularly, the R5 phenotype was detected in all 6 isolates with more than 14 drug‐resistance mutations. Patients with R5 strains had plasma viral load similar to patients with X4 strains, but marginally higher CD4+ cell counts, and their HIV isolates had significantly lower replication capacity of HIV isolates (P = 0.008). No patient carrying HIV with a maintained replication capacity had a viral load less than 30,000 copies/ml. In patients failing HAART, the detection of HIV isolates with the R5 biological phenotype correlates with CD4+ cell count, an impaired replication capacity, and a high number of drug‐resistance mutations. J. Med. Virol. 69:1–6, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The adoption and modification of management ideas in organizations: towards an analytical framework
Authors: Mamman Aminu 
Published: November 2002

Abstract

For many years, the idea of modifying management ideas to fit organizational and cultural contexts has been widely advocated. However, theories and models that would help to achieve this objective have not received the attention they deserve. Critiques of modification of management ideas argue that ideas are sometimes modified beyond recognition. Implicit in this criticism is the suggestion that modification of ideas is inappropriate.

This paper argues that such views are not only unhelpful but also dangerous if organizations are led to assume that management ideas are universally applicable irrespective of organizational context.

It also states the need to accept the fact that modification of ideas is inevitable given the diversity of organizational contexts.

The paper presents an analytical framework to explain the adoption and modification of management ideas in organizations.

Finally, it advocates the need for fashion‐setters of management ideas to produce them in versions to accommodate the diversity of organizations.

Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.