bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature of the evidence base and approaches to guide nutrition interventions for individuals: a position paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences
Authors: Hickson Mary , Papoutsakis Constantina , Madden Angela M , Smith Mary Anne , Whelan Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis Position Paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences is the third in a series which describe the nature of the scientific evidence and frameworks that underpin nutrition recommendations for health. This paper focuses on evidence which guides the application of dietary recommendations for individuals. In some situations, modified nutrient intake becomes essential to prevent deficiency, optimise development and health, or manage symptoms and disease progression. Disease and its treatment can also affect taste, appetite and ability to access and prepare foods, with associated financial impacts. Therefore, the practice of nutrition and dietetics must integrate and apply the sciences of food, nutrition, biology, physiology, behaviour, management, communication and society to achieve and maintain human health. Thus, there is huge complexity in delivering evidence-based nutrition interventions to individuals. This paper examines available frameworks for appraising the quality and certainty of nutrition research evidence, the development nutrition practice guidelines to support evidence implementation in practice and the influence of other sources of nutrition information and misinformation. The paper also considers major challenges in applying research evidence to an individual and suggests consensus recommendations to begin to address these challenges in the future. Our recommendations target three groups; those who deliver nutrition interventions to individuals, those funding, commissioning or undertaking research aimed at delivering evidence-based nutrition practice, and those disseminating nutritional information to individuals.
Depression is associated with blunted affective responses to naturalistic reward prediction errors
Authors: Villano William J , Heller Aaron S 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression is characterized by abnormalities in emotional processing, but the specific drivers of such emotional abnormalities are unknown. Computational work indicates that both surprising outcomes (prediction errors; PEs) and outcomes (values) themselves drive emotional responses, but neither has been consistently linked to affective disturbances in depression. As a result, the computational mechanisms driving emotional abnormalities in depression remain unknown.MethodsHere, in 687 individuals, one-third of whom qualify as depressed via a standard self-report measure (the PHQ-9), we use high-stakes, naturalistic events – the reveal of midterm exam grades – to test whether individuals with heightened depression display a specific reduction in emotional response to positive PEs.ResultsUsing Bayesian mixed effects models, we find that individuals with heightened depression do not affectively benefit from surprising, good outcomes – that is, they display reduced affective responses to positive PEs. These results were highly specific: effects were not observed to negative PEs, value signals (grades), and were not related to generalized anxiety. This suggests that the computational drivers of abnormalities in emotion in depression may be specifically due to positive PE-based emotional responding.ConclusionsAffective abnormalities are core depression symptoms, but the computational mechanisms underlying such differences are unknown. This work suggests that blunted affective reactions to positive PEs are likely mechanistic drivers of emotional dysregulation in depression.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza causes mass mortality in Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensisbreeding colonies across north-western Europe
Authors: Knief Ulrich , Bregnballe Thomas , Alfarwi Ibrahim , Ballmann Mónika Z. , Brenninkmeijer Allix , Bzoma Szymon , Chabrolle Antoine , Dimmlich Jannis , Engel Elias , Fijn Ruben , Fischer Kim , Hälterlein Bernd , Haupt Matthias , Hennig Veit , Herrmann Christof , in ‘t Veld Ronald , Kirchhoff Elisabeth , Kristersson Mikael , Kühn Susanne , Larsson Kjell , Larsson Rolf , Lawton Neil , Leopold Mardik , Lilipaly Sander , Lock Leigh , Marty Régis , Matheve Hans , Meissner Włodzimierz , Morrison Paul , Newton Stephen , Olofsson Patrik , Packmor Florian , Pedersen Kjeld T. , Redfern Chris , Scarton Francesco , Schenk Fred , Scher Olivier , Serra Lorenzo , Sibille Alexandre , Smith Julian , Smith Wez , Sterup Jacob , Stienen Eric , Strassner Viola , Valle Roberto G. , van Bemmelen Rob S. A. , Veen Jan , Vervaeke Muriel , Weston Ewan , Wojcieszek Monika , Courtens Wouter 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn 2022, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b became enzootic and caused mass mortality in Sandwich TernThalasseus sandvicensisand other seabird species across north-western Europe. We present data on the characteristics of the spread of the virus between and within breeding colonies and the number of dead adult Sandwich Terns recorded at breeding sites throughout north-western Europe. Within two months of the first reported mortalities, 20,531 adult Sandwich Terns were found dead, which is >17% of the total north-western European breeding population. This is probably an under-representation of total mortality, as many carcasses are likely to have gone unnoticed and unreported. Within affected colonies, almost all chicks died. After the peak of the outbreak, in a colony established by late breeders, 25.7% of tested adults showed immunity to HPAI subtype H5. Removal of carcasses was associated with lower levels of mortality at affected colonies. More research on the sources and modes of transmission, incubation times, effective containment, and immunity is urgently needed to combat this major threat for colonial seabirds.
Circulating leptin is associated with adverse vascular changes in young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Broberg Olof , Feldreich Tobias , Weismann Constance G. , Øra Ingrid , Wiebe Thomas , Ärnlöv Johan , Liuba Petru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Proteomics may help discover novel biomarkers and underlying mechanisms for cardiovascular disease. This could be useful for childhood cancer survivors as they show an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate circulating cardiovascular proteins in young adult survivors of childhood cancer and their relationship to previously reported subclinical cardiovascular disease.Methods:Ninety-two cardiovascular proteins were measured in 57 childhood cancer survivors and in 52 controls. For proteins that were significantly different between childhood cancer survivors and controls, we performed correlations between protein levels and measures of peripheral arterial stiffness (carotid distensibility and stiffness index, and augmentation index) and endothelial dysfunction (reactive hyperemia index).Results:Leptin was significantly higher in childhood cancer survivors compared to controls (normalized protein expression units: childhood cancer survivors 6.4 (1.5) versus 5.1 (1.7), p < 0.0000001) after taking multiple tests into account. Kidney injury molecule-1, MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase, selectin P ligand, decorin, alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor protein, and pentraxin 3 showed a trend towards group differences (p < 0.05). Among childhood cancer survivors, leptin was associated with anthracycline treatment after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index (p < 0.0001). Higher leptin correlated with lower carotid distensibility after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and treatments with radiotherapy and anthracyclines (p = 0.005).Conclusion:This proteomics approach identified that leptin is higher in young asymptomatic adult survivors of childhood cancer than in healthy controls and is associated with adverse vascular changes. This could indicate a role for leptin in driving the cardiovascular disease burden in this population.
Longitudinal changes in home food availability and concurrent associations with food and nutrient intake among children at 24–48 months
Authors: Barton Jennifer M , McMath Arden L , Montgomery Stewart P , Donovan Sharon M , Fiese Barbara H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To describe changes in home food availability during early childhood, including modified, developmentally sensitive obesogenic scores, and to determine whether home food availability is associated with food and nutrient intakes of children concurrently, over time.

Design:
Data were drawn from the STRONG Kids 2 longitudinal, birth cohort to achieve the study objectives. Home food availability was assessed with the Home Food Inventory (HFI) and included fifteen food groups (e.g. fruit and vegetables) and three obesogenic scores (one original and two modified). Food and nutrient intakes were measured using the Block FFQ and included twenty-seven food groups and eighteen nutrients (e.g. vitamins A and C, protein). HFI and FFQ were completed by trained researchers or mothers, respectively, at 24, 36 and 48 months. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Spearman’s correlations were used to achieve the study objectives.

Setting:
Central Illinois, USA.

Participants:
Participants were 468 children at 24, 36 and 48 months of age.

Results:
Availability of less nutritious foods and obesogenic foods and beverages increased as children aged, and availability of both nutritious and less nutritious foods were associated with child food and nutrient intake. The three obesogenic scores demonstrated similar, positive associations with the intake of energy, saturated fat, added sugars and kilocalories from sweets.

Conclusion:
These findings offer novel insight into changes in home food availability and associations with food and nutrient intake during early childhood. Additional attention is needed examining antecedents (e.g. built environments, purchasing behaviours) and consequences (e.g. child diet quality and weight) of home food availability.
Response Time of Joule Heating Rate and Nitric Oxide Cooling Emission During Geomagnetic Storms: Correlated Ground‐Based and Satellite Observations
Authors: Bag Tikemani , Ogawa Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractJoule heating is the primary source of the high latitude thermospheric energy dissipation during geomagnetic storm period. The nitric oxide (NO) emission at 5.3 μm accounts for the majority of Joule heating energy due to its radiative nature. It is the dominating cooling agent above 100 km that effectively regulates the thermospheric temperature. We studied the relationship between the response time of NO cooling emission and Joule heating rate during geomagnetic storm periods by using the NO emission observations by Sounding of Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) onboard NASA’s Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite and the Joule heating rate measured by the European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) radar over Tromsø (geographic:69.59°N, 19.22°E), Norway, and the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM) simulation. We selected seven geomagnetic storms during which there were continuous measurements of the Pederson conductivity and electric fields when the TIMED/SABER satellite was in the northview mode. The TIEGCM gives a fair description of NO cooling. However, it was found that the Joule heating rates obtained with the TIEGCM often do not show good agreement with those from EISCAT observations. The Joule heating rate peaks with 3–7 hr of storm' onset. The NO cooling flux takes longer time to respond to the energy input during storm period. The fastest response of the NO cooling emission to the Joule heating rate is found during the strongest storm. The weakest storm does not have the longest response time. No correlation between the response time of NO cooling flux with respect to the Joule heating rate and storm’s intensity was observed.
Granite Exposure Mapping Through Sentinel‐2 Visible and Short Wave Infrared Bands
Authors: Jan Nazir , Minallah Nasru , Gohar Neelam , Jan Naveed , Khan Shahid , Khan Salahuddin , Alibakhshikenari Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNonmetallic minerals like granite and limestone have calcite and biotitic ingredients as their major part which exhibit wonderful absorption features in the visible and short wave range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This research puts emphasis on delineating granite and limestone deposits of the Mardan district through the latest multispectral Landsat‐9 and Sentinel‐2 sensors of which the latter provided 94% mapping accuracy in delineating granites (biotitic bearing minerals) and limestone (calcite‐bearing minerals). The Image processing techniques of minimum noise fraction, which is double cascaded principal components analysis and pixel purity index algorithms proved helpful to bring significant improvements in classification results and in the reduction of noise and data size. The outcomes of the research study show that supervised machine learning algorithms are impactful to map such minerals provided that the data must be well organized and limited in size. The results achieved were verified through validation steps like, (a) Independent reference data of high‐resolution Google Earth maps and (b) Ground survey reports. Arc GIS 10.2 and Envi 5.3 software suite were used to create (a) ground truth points at random for accuracy assessment (b) portraying study area maps (c) Image Processing and Preprocessing tools and (d) implementation of machine learning algorithms. Access to the data and software suite is being provided for open research work.
A non-invasive 25-Gene PLNM-Score urine test for detection of prostate cancer pelvic lymph node metastasis
Authors: Guo Jinan , Gu Liangyou , Johnson Heather , Gu Di , Lu Zhenquan , Luo Binfeng , Yuan Qian , Zhang Xuhui , Xia Taolin , Zeng Qingsong , Wu Alan H. B. , Johnson Allan , Dizeyi Nishtman , Abrahamsson Per-Anders , Zhang Heqiu , Chen Lingwu , Xiao Kefeng , Zou Chang , Persson Jenny L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer patients with pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) have poor prognosis. Based on EAU guidelines, patients with >5% risk of PLNM by nomograms often receive pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during prostatectomy. However, nomograms have limited accuracy, so large numbers of false positive patients receive unnecessary surgery with potentially serious side effects. It is important to accurately identify PLNM, yet current tests, including imaging tools are inaccurate. Therefore, we intended to develop a gene expression-based algorithm for detecting PLNM.

Methods
An advanced random forest machine learning algorithm screening was conducted to develop a classifier for identifying PLNM using urine samples collected from a multi-center retrospective cohort (n = 413) as training set and validated in an independent multi-center prospective cohort (n = 243). Univariate and multivariate discriminant analyses were performed to measure the ability of the algorithm classifier to detect PLNM and compare it with the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram score.

Results
An algorithm named 25 G PLNM-Score was developed and found to accurately distinguish PLNM and non-PLNM with AUC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85–1.01) and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87–0.99) in the retrospective and prospective urine cohorts respectively. Kaplan–Meier plots showed large and significant difference in biochemical recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival in the patients stratified by the 25 G PLNM-Score (log rank P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). It spared 96% and 80% of unnecessary PLND with only 0.51% and 1% of PLNM missing in the retrospective and prospective cohorts respectively. In contrast, the MSKCC score only spared 15% of PLND with 0% of PLNM missing.

Conclusions
The novel 25 G PLNM-Score is the first highly accurate and non-invasive machine learning algorithm-based urine test to identify PLNM before PLND, with potential clinical benefits of avoiding unnecessary PLND and improving treatment decision-making.
Alternative splicing and related RNA binding proteins in human health and disease
Authors: Tao Yining , Zhang Qi , Wang Haoyu , Yang Xiyu , Mu Haoran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) serves as a pivotal mechanism in transcriptional regulation, engendering transcript diversity, and modifications in protein structure and functionality. Across varying tissues, developmental stages, or under specific conditions, AS gives rise to distinct splice isoforms. This implies that these isoforms possess unique temporal and spatial roles, thereby associating AS with standard biological activities and diseases. Among these, AS-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an instrumental role in regulating alternative splicing events. Under physiological conditions, the diversity of proteins mediated by AS influences the structure, function, interaction, and localization of proteins, thereby participating in the differentiation and development of an array of tissues and organs. Under pathological conditions, alterations in AS are linked with various diseases, particularly cancer. These changes can lead to modifications in gene splicing patterns, culminating in changes or loss of protein functionality. For instance, in cancer, abnormalities in AS and RBPs may result in aberrant expression of cancer-associated genes, thereby promoting the onset and progression of tumors. AS and RBPs are also associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, the study of AS across different tissues holds significant value. This review provides a detailed account of the recent advancements in the study of alternative splicing and AS-related RNA-binding proteins in tissue development and diseases, which aids in deepening the understanding of gene expression complexity and offers new insights and methodologies for precision medicine.
Prenatal exposure to maternal disadvantage-related inflammatory biomarkers: associations with neonatal white matter microstructure
Authors: Sanders Ashley F. P. , Tirado Brian , Seider Nicole A. , Triplett Regina L. , Lean Rachel E. , Neil Jeffrey J. , Miller J. Philip , Tillman Rebecca , Smyser Tara A. , Barch Deanna M. , Luby Joan L. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Smyser Christopher D. , Warner Barbara B. , Chen Edith , Miller Gregory E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrenatal exposure to heightened maternal inflammation has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including atypical brain maturation and psychiatric illness. In mothers experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, immune activation can be a product of the chronic stress inherent to such environmental hardship. While growing preclinical and clinical evidence has shown links between altered neonatal brain development and increased inflammatory states in utero, the potential mechanism by which socioeconomic disadvantage differentially impacts neural-immune crosstalk remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated associations between socioeconomic disadvantage, gestational inflammation, and neonatal white matter microstructure in 320 mother-infant dyads over-sampled for poverty. We analyzed maternal serum levels of four cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α) over the course of pregnancy in relation to offspring white matter microstructure and socioeconomic disadvantage. Higher average maternal IL-6 was associated with very low socioeconomic status (SES; INR < 200% poverty line) and lower neonatal corticospinal fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower uncinate axial diffusivity (AD). No other cytokine was associated with SES. Higher average maternal IL-10 was associated with lower FA and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts, higher optic radiation RD, lower uncinate AD, and lower FA in inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and anterior limb of internal capsule tracts. SES moderated the relationship between average maternal TNF-α levels during gestation and neonatal white matter diffusivity. When these interactions were decomposed, the patterns indicated that this association was significant and positive among very low SES neonates, whereby TNF-α was inversely and significantly associated with inferior cingulum AD. By contrast, among the more advantaged neonates (lower-to-higher SES [INR ≥ 200% poverty line]), TNF-α was positively and significantly associated with superior cingulum AD. Taken together, these findings suggest that the relationship between prenatal cytokine exposure and white matter microstructure differs as a function of SES. These patterns are consistent with a scenario where gestational inflammation’s effects on white matter development diverge depending on the availability of foundational resources in utero.
MFSD7c functions as a transporter of choline at the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thi Anh , Le Thanh Nha Uyen , Nguyen Toan Q. , Thi Thuy Ha Hoa , Artati Anna , Leong Nancy C. P. , Nguyen Dat T. , Lim Pei Yen , Susanto Adelia Vicanatalita , Huang Qianhui , Fam Ling , Leong Lo Ngah , Bonne Isabelle , Lee Angela , Granadillo Jorge L. , Gooch Catherine , Yu Dejie , Huang Hua , Soong Tuck Wah , Chang Matthew Wook , Wenk Markus R. , Adamski Jerzy , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Nguyen Long N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMutations in the orphan transporter MFSD7c (also known as Flvcr2), are linked to Fowler syndrome. Here, we used Mfsd7c knockout (Mfsd7c–/–) mice and cell-based assays to reveal that MFSD7c is a choline transporter at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We performed comprehensive metabolomics analysis and detected differential changes of metabolites in the brains and livers of Mfsd7c–/–embryos. Particularly, we found that choline-related metabolites were altered in the brains but not in the livers of Mfsd7c–/– embryos. Thus, we hypothesized that MFSD7c regulates the level of choline in the brain. Indeed, expression of human MFSD7c in cells significantly increased choline uptake. Interestingly, we showed that choline uptake by MFSD7c is greatly increased by choline-metabolizing enzymes, leading us to demonstrate that MFSD7c is a facilitative transporter of choline. Furthermore, single-cell patch clamp analysis showed that the import of choline by MFSD7c is electrogenic. Choline transport function of MFSD7c was shown to be conserved in vertebrates, but not in yeasts. We demonstrated that human MFSD7c is a functional ortholog of HNM1, the yeast choline importer. We also showed that several missense mutations identified in patients exhibiting Fowler syndrome had abolished or reduced choline transport activity. Mice lacking Mfsd7c in endothelial cells of the central nervous system suppressed the import of exogenous choline from blood but unexpectedly had increased choline levels in the brain. Stable-isotope tracing study revealed that MFSD7c was required for exporting choline derived from lysophosphatidylcholine in the brain. Collectively, our work identifies MFSD7c as a choline exporter at the BBB and provides a foundation for future work to reveal the disease mechanisms of Fowler syndrome.