bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal environmental policy and the dynamic property in LDCs
Authors: Yabuta Masahiro 
Published: August 2002

This paper has provided a model framework of foreign assistance policy in the context of dynamic optimal control and investigated the environmental policies in LDCs that received some financial support from abroad. The model framework features a specific behavior of the social planner who determines the level of voluntary expenditure for preservation of natural environment. Because more financial needs for natural environmental protection means less allowance of growth‐oriented investment, the social planner confronts a trade‐off problem between economic growth and environmental preservation. To tackle with this clearly, we have built a dynamic model with two control variables: per‐capita consumption and voluntary expenditure for natural environment.It has been proved that people in LDCs need a voluntary development of the eco‐consciousness for better environmental situation. Because this leads to declining of the rate of economic growth, it may be justified that more foreign aid for domestic economic growth should be financed. By investigating some stability properties of the dynamic system, we have also reached an interesting proposition that the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimal control policy pursued by the social planner of LDCs depend on the people′s consciousness towards natural environment.
Cultural and sex differences in aggression: A comparison between Japanese and Spanish students using two different inventories
Authors: Ramirez J. Martin , Andreu J. Manuel , Fujihara Takehiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo self‐report inventories developed to assess different dimensions of aggression, the Aggression Questionnaire and the EXPAGG, were administered to a sample (N = 400) of men and women undergraduates in two Japanese and Spanish universities. The factor structure of scales was assessed using exploratory factor analysis. Both questionnaires showed high correlations between their respective scales. In both cultures, males reported more physical aggression, verbal aggression, and hostility as well as higher instrumental beliefs, whereas females reported more expressive representation than males. Japanese students reported more physical aggression than their Spanish counterparts, who reported more verbal aggression, hostility, and anger and more expressive representation of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 27:313–322, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
School shooting fatalities and school corporal punishment: A look at the states
Authors: Arcus Doreen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudent deaths from school shootings were examined across all 50 states according to the state’s policy on the use of corporal punishment in schools after controlling for associated differences in poverty rates and the prevalence of conservative Christian religions. There were significantly more school shooting deaths found in states allowing school corporal punishment compared with those that do not. The odds of fatal involvement in a school shooting were greatest in states permitting school corporal punishment compared with those prohibiting it (odds ratio, 2.04) or restricting it to districts serving less than half the student population (odds ratio, 1.77). Moreover, the rate of school corporal punishment was moderately correlated with the rate of fatal school shootings both across all states and within the South, the region in which endorsement of school corporal punishment is most prevalent.Aggr. Behav. 28:173–183, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supplemental peripheral blood stem cells to decrease marrow rejection in adult patients with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Min Chang‐Ki , Kim Dong Wook , Lee Jong Wook , Han Chi Wha , Min Woo Sung , Kim Chun Choo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwenty‐two multi‐transfused patients with a long duration of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) received a transplant from an HLA‐matched donor after cyclophosphamide (CY) plus antithymocyte globulin plus procarbazine using CD34+ enriched blood stem cells + fresh marrow. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected on days 5 and 6 of G‐CSF (10 μg/kg/day), and T cells were depleted using an immunoadsorption column (n = 15) or magnetic cell sorting (n = 7). Marrow harvesting was performed 48 hr after the last leukapheresis. Two patients (9.1%) that developed graft failure had a successful engraftment again using unpurged PBSC. Median time to neutrophils ≥0.5 × 109/l and platelets ≥20 × 109/l without platelet transfusions were 12 days and 17 days, respectively. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) grade II occurred in four of 22 patients. No patient developed grade III or IV acute GVHD. Four of the evaluable 21 patients had chronic GVHD. One patient developed extensive disease. Three patients (13.6%) died from CY‐induced heart failure, extensive‐type chronic GVHD, and sepsis of unknown cause. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of survival was 83.9% (95% CI, 70.1–95.2%) with a median follow‐up duration of 33.5 (6–44) months. CD34+‐enriched PBSC in combination with unmanipulated marrow seem to play a role in overcoming the sensitization to histocompatibility antigens without an apparent increase in GVHD. The stem cell component therapy may be feasible for the high‐risk SAA adult patients. Am. J. Hematol. 69:15–22, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphomas of mucosal‐associated lymphoid tissue in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Cunningham‐Rundles C. , Cooper Dennis L. , Duffy Thomas P. , Strauchen James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and usually IgM. The central immune deficiency is impaired secretion of immunoglobulins and lack of antibody production; however, T cell dysfunction and a variety of inflammatory complications suggest global immune dysregulation. A number of reports have documented the association of primary immunodeficiency diseases with the development of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In CVID, the risk has been estimated to lie between 1.4% and 7%. As for NHL arising in other immunodeficiency states, the lymphomas in CVID are extranodal and are usually B cell in type. Of 22 B cell lymphomas that have appeared over a period of 25 years in a cohort of subjects with CVID, five lymphomas, appearing in more recently studied subjects, that arose in mucosal sites would be classified as mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. MALT lymphomas are low‐grade B cell lymphomas that result from a proliferation of neoplastic marginal‐zone related cells of lymphoid tissue and tend to occur in organs that have acquired lymphoid tissue due to long‐term infectious or autoimmune stimulation. Lymphomas of this kind have not been described in patients with congenital immunodeficiency, although chronic mucosal antigen stimulation is an integral part of these immune deficiency states. Am. J. Hematol. 69:171–178, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global fibrinolytic capacity in early respiratory distress syndrome: A pilot study
Authors: Yurdakök Murat , Korkmaz Ayse , Kirazlı Serafeddin , Aygün Canan , Yigit Sule 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFibrin deposits found in the pulmonary microcirculation and in the small airways of preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been explained by the activation of the coagulation system and/or insufficient fibrinolysis. Previous studies suggest that disseminated intravascular coagulation is not prominent in the early stages of RDS, and there is a reduced fibrinolytic activity in these patients. The in vitro evaluation of body's fibrinolytic potential is difficult in contrast to blood clotting because fibrinolysis is only activated after coagulation. To solve this problem a standardized assay was developed to measure the global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC) in plasma. This assay allows us a sensitive and reliable parameter to evaluate the fibrinolytic potency of plasma in vitro. We therefore studied GFC in the first 6 hr after birth in preterm infants who later developed RDS. Global fibrinolytic capacity which is expressed as generated D‐dimer concentrations was significantly lower in preterm infants who later developed RDS compared to the control group in this study. These findings support our previous hypothesis of “reduced fibrinolytic state in early RDS”. Am. J. Hematol. 69:255–257, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma presenting as severe osteoporosis
Authors: Atoyebi W. , Brown M. , Wass J. , Littlewood T.J. , Hatton C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report four cases presenting with severe osteoporosis which on further investigation were found to have an underlying lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (LPL). Common secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded in each case. Three of the cases responded to treatment with a biphosphonate. As these lymphomas share some common pathological and clinical features with multiple myeloma (MM) an association with osteoporosis is likely to represent more than a coincidental finding. The incidence of osteoporosis occurring with LPL will become clearer if routine imaging is carried out in patients at presentation. Issues relating to the treatment of the osteoporosis as well as the lymphoma arise in patients that present in this way. Based on the model of bone disease in MM, correlating serum levels of osteoclast activating cytokines such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) with the actual finding of bone disease provides a basis for future research into the pathogenesis and management of bone disease in these rare forms of low grade non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 70:77–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma: Results from the non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma classification project
Authors: Weisenburger Dennis D. , Anderson James R. , Diebold Jacques , Gascoyne Randy D. , MacLennan Kenneth A. , Müller‐Hermelink H. Konrad , Nathwani Bharat N. , Ullrich Fred 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a heterogeneous process that may have a T‐cell, B‐cell, or indeterminant (null) phenotype and which may or may not express the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncoprotein. Because the clinical significance of these variants of ALCL is unclear, we evaluated the cases of ALCL‐T/null and ALCL‐B identified in the Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. We evaluated 1,378 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and a consensus diagnosis of ALCL‐T/null was made in 33 patients (2.4%) with a diagnostic accuracy of 85%. Compared to 96 patients with other forms of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), those with ALCL‐T/null were significantly younger, less likely to have advanced‐stage disease or bone marrow involvement, more likely to have a low International Prognostic Index score, and had a significantly better survival. Among those with ALCL‐T/null, there were no significant differences in the clinical features or survival on the basis of ALK expression. A consensus diagnosis of ALCL‐B was made in 15 patients (1.1%), and the diagnostic accuracy was 67%. However, compared to 366 patients with other forms of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), those with ALCL‐B were no different with regard to clinical features or survival. We conclude that patients with ALCL‐T/null have favorable prognostic features and excellent survival and should be separated from those with other forms of PTCL for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In contrast, patients with ALCL‐B appear to be similar to those with other forms of DLBCL. Am. J. Hematol. 67:172–178, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Report of three cases of circulating heparin‐like anticoagulants
Authors: Llamas Pilar , Outeiriño Julio , Espinoza José , Santos Ana B. , Román Alejandro , Tomás José F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClinically significant endogenous circulating heparin‐like anticoagulant activity has been associated with hematological malignancies, liver damage, and other pathological conditions. The source of high plasma concentrations of endogenous heparin‐like anticoagulants is poorly understood. We report three cases of circulating heparin‐like anticoagulants in three patients with hematological malignancies: CLL, multiple myeloma, and T‐prolymphocytic leukemia. The severity of bleeding in our patients ranged from severe epistaxis and deep‐site hematoma to bleeding of biopsy site and occasional ecchymosis. Am. J. Hematol. 67:256–258, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of heparin allergy in pregnancy
Authors: Aijaz Asim , Nelson John , Naseer Nauman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThromboembolic disease during pregnancy has traditionally been treated with heparin. If heparin cannot be used, then treatment options remain limited. Despite the recent availability of new anticoagulation agents, data relating to their use during pregnancy is lacking. Hirudin, a relatively new anti‐thrombotic agent, through animal models has been shown to have a very low transplacental transfer, thus making it a candidate drug to be used during pregnancy in case of heparin allergy. This report describes a case of heparin allergy in a pregnant patient with recurrent DVT that was successfully managed with hirudin and coumadin. Am. J. Hematol. 67:268–269, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of age‐related responses to short‐term environmental variation: Time series analysis of cross‐sectional data from Taiwan, 1969 to 1990
Authors: Floyd Bruce 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCross‐sectional heights and weights collected by Taiwan’s Ministry of Education since 1964, and reported separately for Taipei and rural townships from 1969 through 1990, were used to test the hypothesis that in Taiwan the degree to which increments of change in height and weight of urban or rural boys and girls tracked each other from year to year was a function of sex and age‐related capacities to respond to common environmental forces. Five testable implications follow from this hypothesis. Results were evaluated using detrended time series derived correlations of yearly or near yearly change in sex‐specific age group height or weight means within and across regions, cross‐sectionally estimated ages of maximum change of height and weight, and evidence of response to two recessions. The hypothesis was largely supported by the available evidence. The similarities in secular change from year to year, with only a few exceptions, suggested that socioeconomic trends indirectly affected the pace of growth of children in both urban and rural Taiwan measured in the spring of the following year. The strength and age‐related pattern of these correlations were consistent with sex and age‐related capacities to respond to shared environmental factors. Evidence of lags between height and weight, found both in cross‐sectionally estimated mean ages of maximum change in height and weight and in the pattern of within sex correlations also argued for the hypothesis. The evidence further suggested that when the economy faltered briefly in Taiwan following worldwide oil crises, children’s growth was rapidly affected in an age‐dependent manner. This study bolsters the view that secular changes in growth reflect environmental quality. It suggests as well that under some circumstances, environmental change may be rapidly reflected as mean changes in height or weight of certain age groups. The intensity of the response appears to be related to the degree of improvement or deprivation, the maturationally mediated pace of growth, and probably initial energy balance. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:61–73, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Information content of female copulation calls in yellow baboons
Authors: Semple Stuart , McComb Karen , Alberts Susan , Altmann Jeanne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a wide variety of animal species, females produce vocalizations just before, during, or immediately after copulation. Observational and experimental evidence indicates that these copulation calls are sexually selected traits, functioning to promote competition between males for access to the calling female. In this paper, we present an acoustic analysis of variation in the form of copulation calls of female yellow baboons,Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus. In particular, we examine whether information about three factors—the calling female’s reproductive state, the occurrence or absence of ejaculation, and the dominance rank of the mating male—is encoded in call structure and hence is potentially available to male receivers attending to the signal. Although several features of copulation calls were correlated with each of these factors, when all three were included in multiple regressions only reproductive state and rank of the mating male had independent effects on call form. These findings indicate that female copulation calls in this species signal information about the proximity to ovulation of the calling female and also the relative competitive strength of her mating partner. Am. J. Primatol. 56:43–56, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of congruence between morphological and molecular data in reconstructing the phylogeny of the galagonidae
Authors: Masters Judith C. , Brothers Denis J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPublished cladistic reconstructions of galagonid phylogeny based on morphological, behavioral, and genetic data have had few elements in common. A recent molecular study indicated that 2 of the 3 generic groupings derived from morphological data were not consistent with tree topologies constructed from the analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. In this study, we compiled and analyzed a data set based on craniodental morphology in 13 galagonid and 8 outgroup taxa, comprising 3 dwarf‐lemur and 5 loris species, and subjected it to cladistic analysis. Our aim was not only to generate a new phylogenetic hypothesis based on these data, but also to investigate the conditions under which congruence could be achieved between these results and those obtained previously. The data set was found to be highly sensitive to the choice of outgroup, with the lorises showing high interspecific variability in cranial structure. Congruence between the craniodental and molecular trees could be achieved only if Arctocebus was used as the outgroup and two characters were preferentially weighted. Further progress in the reconstruction of galagonid phylogeny will require seeking consensus in a variety of other data sets, including postcranial morphology, behavior, and additional gene sequences. The effect of different outgroups on molecular analysis needs attention. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:79–93, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined effect of age and severity on the risk of dementia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Levy Gilberto , Schupf Nicole , Tang Ming‐Xin , Cote Lucien J. , Louis Elan D. , Mejia Helen , Stern Yaakov , Marder Karen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAge and severity of extrapyramidal signs have been consistently associated with incident dementia in Parkinson's disease. We evaluated the separate and combined effects of age and severity of extrapyramidal signs on the risk of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease in the setting of a population‐based prospective cohort study. Age and the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score at baseline evaluation were dichotomized at the median. Four groups of Parkinson's disease patients were defined: younger age/low severity (reference), younger age/high severity, older age/low severity, and older age/high severity. Risk ratios for incident dementia were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models controlling for gender, education, ethnicity, and duration of Parkinson's disease. Of 180 patients, 52 (28.9%) became demented during a mean follow‐up period of 3.6 ± 2.2 years. The median age at baseline of the Parkinson's disease patients was 71.8 years (range, 38.5–95.9 years), and the median total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score was 24 (range, 2–65). The group with older age/high severity had a significantly increased risk of incident dementia (relative risk, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 3.9–24.4) compared with the group with younger age/low severity (reference), whereas the groups with older age/low severity (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–4.8) and younger age/high severity (relative risk, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–3.2) did not. These findings suggest that the increased risk of incident dementia in Parkinson's disease associated with age and severity of extrapyramidal signs is related primarily to their combined effect rather than separate effects.
Preparation and characterization of organic–inorganic hybrids and coating films from 3‐methacryloxypropylpolysilsesquioxane
Authors: Gunji Takahiro , Makabe Yoshie , Takamura Norihiro , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: August 2002

Abstract3‐Methacryloxypropylpolysilsesquioxane (MA‐PS) was prepared by acid‐ or base‐catalyzed hydrolytic polycondensation of 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAS). MA‐PS coating film was prepared by dip‐coating on organic, metal and inorganic substrates, including poly(ethylene terephthalate), aluminum, stainless steel, and glass. The coating films on poly(ethylene terephthalate) and glass showed high adhesive strength. The hardness of coating films increased with increasing heat treatment temperature, whereas they decreased with increasing H2O/MAS molar ratio. The refractive index of coating films increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. In addition, flat and transparent free‐standing films (0.24–0.27 mm thickness) were prepared from MA‐PS that were crack‐free after heat treatment at 1000 °C. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue accumulation and distribution of arsenic compounds in three marine fish species: relationship to trophic position
Authors: Kirby J. , Maher W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study the accumulation and distribution of arsenic compounds in marine fish species in relation to their trophic position was investigated. Arsenic compounds were measured in eight tissues of mullet Mugil cephalus (detritivore), luderick Girella tricuspidata (herbivore) and tailor Pomatomus saltatrix (carnivore) by high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The majority of arsenic in tailor tissues, the pelagic carnivore, was present as arsenobetaine (86–94%). Mullet and luderick also contained high amounts of arsenobetaine in all tissues (62–98% and 59–100% respectively) except the intestines (20% and 24% respectively). Appreciable amounts of dimethylarsinic acid (1–39%), arsenate (2–38%), arsenite (1–9%) and trimethylarsine oxide (2–8%) were identified in mullet and luderick tissues. Small amounts of arsenocholine (1–3%), methylarsonic acid (1–3%) and tetramethylarsonium ion (1–2%) were found in some tissues of all three species. A phosphate arsenoriboside was identified in mullet intestine (4%) and from all tissues of luderick (1–6%) except muscle. Pelagic carnivore fish species are exposed mainly to arsenobetaine through their diet and accumulate the majority of arsenic in tissues as this compound. Detritivore and herbivore fish species also accumulate arsenobetaine from their diet, with quantities of other inorganic and organic arsenic compounds. These compounds may result from ingestion of food and sediment, degradation products (e.g. arsenobetaine to trimethylarsine oxide; arsenoribosides to dimethylarsinic acid), conversion (e.g. arsenate to dimethylarsinic acid and trimethylarsine oxide by bacterial action in digestive tissues) and/or in situ enzymatic activity in liver tissue. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.