bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management Mathematics: The Audacity of BOPE
Authors: Tayur Sridhar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccepted by: Aris SyntetosCan mathematical research from a business school professor that is published in academic journals also substantially improve actual industrial practice in global supply chains? Yes. Can mathematics and operations management help improve fairness in access to organ transplants? Yes, again. Can mathematics developed for business applications facilitate the development of new types of quantum hardware? Also, yes. I have three main messages in this invited essay: (1) free yourself from self-imposed constraints and explore a wider range of new problems and arcane mathematics; (2) be bold and imaginative in developing novel solutions and (3) implement your ideas in practice, scaling them with a channel partner.
Interobserver Reliability of the Paris Classification for Superficial Gastrointestinal Tract Neoplasms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gupta Sarang , Seleq Sam , Gimpaya Nikko , Khan Rishad , Scaffidi Michael A , Bansal Rishi , Grover Samir C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and study aims
The Paris classification characterizes the morphology of superficial gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. This system has been shown to predict the risk of submucosal invasion in certain subtypes of lesions. There is limited data that assesses its agreement amongst endoscopists. We performed a systematic review to summarize the available literature on the interobserver reliability (IOR) of the Paris classification.

Methods
We conducted a search through December 2020 for studies reporting IOR of the Paris classification. Studies were included if they quantitatively evaluated the IOR of the Paris classification with at least five participating endoscopists. Two authors independently screened studies and abstracted data using an a priori-designed data collection form. Evaluation of study quality and risk of bias was performed using an adapted version of the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies.

Results
Of the 1,541 studies retrieved, 5 were included in the review. All studies were observational cohort studies published between 2014 and 2020. The IOR of the Paris classification was moderate amongst all four studies evaluating colorectal neoplasms (range, κ = 0.42 to κ = 0.54) and substantial in one study that evaluated gastric neoplasms (κw = 0.65). An educational intervention was conducted by three studies with variable methodology and no significant change in IOR.

Conclusions
IOR of the Paris classification is moderate for superficial colonic neoplasms. Further study is needed to determine the reliability of this system for superficial gastric lesions. Standardized training programs are required to investigate the impact of educational intervention on the Paris classification amongst endoscopists.
Properties of the jet in M87 revealed by its helical structure imaged with the VLBA at 8 and 15 GHz
Authors: Nikonov A S , Kovalev Y Y , Kravchenko E V , Pashchenko I N , Lobanov A P 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We present full-track high-resolution radio observations of the jet of the galaxy M87 at 8 and 15 GHz. These observations were taken over three consecutive days in 2009 May using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), one antenna of the Very Large Array (VLA), and the Effelsberg 100 m telescope. Our produced images have dynamic ranges exceeding 20 000:1 and resolve linear scales down to approximately 100 Schwarzschild radii, revealing a limb-brightened jet and a faint, steep spectrum counter-jet. We performed jet-to-counter-jet analysis, which helped estimate the physical parameters of the flow. The rich internal structure of the jet is dominated by three helical threads, likely produced by the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability developing in a supersonic flow with a Mach number of approximately 20 and an enthalpy ratio of around 0.3. We produce a clean imaging bias-corrected 8–15 GHz spectral index image, which shows spectrum flattening in regions of helical thread intersections. This further supports the KH origin of the observed internal structure of the jet. We detect polarized emission in the jet at distances of approximately 20 milliarcseconds from the core and find Faraday rotation which follows a transverse gradient across the jet. We apply Faraday rotation correction to the polarization position angle and find that the position angle changes as a function of distance from the jet axis, which suggests the presence of a helical magnetic field.
First detection of X-ray polarization in thermal state of LMC X-3: spectro-polarimetric study with IXPE
Authors: Majumder Seshadri , Kushwaha Ankur , Das Santabrata , Nandi Anuj 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We report a comprehensive spectro-polarimetric study of the black hole binary LMC X-3 using simultaneous Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), NICER, and NuSTAR observations in 0.5–20 keV energy band. The broad-band energy spectrum (0.5–20 keV) with NICER and NuSTAR is well described by the disc emission of temperature ∼1.1 keV and a weak Comptonizing tail beyond ∼10 keV. This evidently suggests a disc-dominated spectral state of the source with disc contribution of ∼96 per cent. The lack of variability (rms ∼ 0.5 per cent) in the power spectrum further corroborates the high/soft nature of the source. A significant polarization degree (PD) of 3.04 ± 0.40 per cent (&gt;7σ) at a polarization angle of −44.24° ± 3.77° (&gt;7σ) is found in 2–8 keV energy range of IXPE. In addition, PD is seen to increase with energy up to ∼4.35 ± 0.98 per cent (&gt;3σ) in 4–8 keV band. Further, we attempt to constrain the source spin (a*) using broad-band spectral modelling that indicates a weakly rotating ‘hole’ in LMC X-3 with $a_{*}=0.273_{-0.012}^{+0.011}\,\text{to}\,0.295_{-0.021}^{+0.008}$ (90 per cent confidence). Based on the spectro-polarimetric results, we infer that the polarization in LMC X-3 is resulted possibly due to the combined effects of the direct and/or reflected emissions from a partially ionized disc atmosphere. Finally, we discuss the relevance of our findings.
Comparative Population Transcriptomics Provide New Insight into the Evolutionary History and Adaptive Potential of World Ocean Krill
Authors: Choquet Marvin , Lenner Felix , Cocco Arianna , Toullec Gaëlle , Corre Erwan , Toullec Jean-Yves , Wallberg Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Genetic variation is instrumental for adaptation to changing environments but it is unclear how it is structured and contributes to adaptation in pelagic species lacking clear barriers to gene flow. Here, we applied comparative genomics to extensive transcriptome datasets from 20 krill species collected across the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. We compared genetic variation both within and between species to elucidate their evolutionary history and genomic bases of adaptation. We resolved phylogenetic interrelationships and uncovered genomic evidence to elevate the cryptic Euphausia similis var. armata into species. Levels of genetic variation and rates of adaptive protein evolution vary widely. Species endemic to the cold Southern Ocean, such as the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, showed less genetic variation and lower evolutionary rates than other species. This could suggest a low adaptive potential to rapid climate change. We uncovered hundreds of candidate genes with signatures of adaptive evolution among Antarctic Euphausia but did not observe strong evidence of adaptive convergence with the predominantly Arctic Thysanoessa. We instead identified candidates for cold-adaptation that have also been detected in Antarctic fish, including genes that govern thermal reception such as TrpA1. Our results suggest parallel genetic responses to similar selection pressures across Antarctic taxa and provide new insights into the adaptive potential of important zooplankton already affected by climate change.
Chronic kidney disease increases the susceptibility to negative effects of low and high potassium intake
Authors: Gritter Martin , Wei Kuang-Yu , Wouda Rosa D , Musterd-Bhaggoe Usha M , Dijkstra Kyra L , Kers Jesper , Ramakers Christian , Vogt Liffert , de Borst Martin H , Danser Alexander H J , Hoorn Ewout J , Rotmans Joris I 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Dietary potassium (K+) has emerged as a modifiable factor for cardiovascular and kidney health in the general population, but its role in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. Here, we hypothesize that CKD increases the susceptibility to the negative effects of low and high K+ diets.

Methods
We compared the effects of low, normal and high KChloride (KCl) diets and a high KCitrate diet for 4 weeks in male rats with normal kidney function and in male rats with CKD using the 5/6th nephrectomy model (5/6Nx).

Results
Compared with rats with normal kidney function, 5/6Nx rats on the low KCl diet developed more severe extracellular and intracellular K+ depletion and more severe kidney injury, characterized by nephromegaly, infiltration of T cells and macrophages, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and increased albuminuria. The high KCl diet caused hyperkalemia, hyperaldosteronism, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and severe hypertension in 5/6Nx but not in sham rats. The high KCitrate diet caused hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis but attenuated hypertension despite higher abundance of the phosphorylated sodium chloride cotransporter (pNCC) and similar levels of plasma aldosterone and epithelial sodium channel abundance. All 5/6Nx groups had more collagen deposition than the sham groups and this effect was most pronounced in the high KCitrate group. Plasma aldosterone correlated strongly with kidney collagen deposition.

Conclusions
CKD increases the susceptibility to negative effects of low and high K+ diets in male rats, although the injury patterns are different. The low K+ diet caused inflammation, nephromegaly and kidney function decline, whereas the high K+ diet caused hypertension, hyperaldosteronism and kidney fibrosis. High KCitrate attenuated the hypertensive but not the pro-fibrotic effect of high KCl, which may be attributable to K+-induced aldosterone secretion. Our data suggest that especially in people with CKD it is important to identify the optimal threshold of dietary K+ intake.
Evaluation of Transparency and Openness Guidelines in Physical Therapist Journals
Authors: Plante Jacqueline , Langerwerf Leigh , Klopper Mareli , Rhon Daniel I , Young Jodi L 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goals of this study were to evaluate the extent that physical therapist journals support open science research practices by adhering to the Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) guidelines and to assess the relationship between journal scores and their respective journal impact factor (JIF).MethodsScimago, mapping studies, the National Library of Medicine, and journal author guidelines were searched to identify physical therapist journals for inclusion. Journals were graded on 10 standards (29 available total points) related to transparency with data, code, research materials, study design and analysis, preregistration of studies and statistical analyses, replication, and open science badges. The relationship between journal transparency and openness scores and their JIF was determined.ResultsThirty-five journals’ author guidelines were assigned transparency and openness factor scores. The median score (interquartile range) across journals was 3.00 out of 29 (3.00) points (for all journals the scores ranged from 0 to 8). The 2 standards with the highest degree of implementation were design and analysis transparency (reporting guidelines) and study preregistration. No journals reported on code transparency, materials transparency, replication, and open science badges. TOP factor scores were a significant predictor of JIF scores.ConclusionThere is low implementation of the TOP standards by physical therapist journals. TOP factor scores demonstrated predictive abilities for JIF scores. Policies from journals must improve to make open science practices the standard in research. Journals are in an influential position to guide practices that can improve the rigor of publication which, ultimately, enhances the evidence-based information used by physical therapists.ImpactTransparent, open, and reproducible research will move the profession forward by improving the quality of research and increasing the confidence in results for implementation in clinical care.
Development of Postanesthesia Care Unit Delirium Is Associated with Differences in Aperiodic and Periodic Alpha Parameters of the Electroencephalogram during Emergence from General Anesthesia: Results from a Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Ostertag Julian , Engelhard Antonia , Nuttall Rachel , Aydin Duygu , Schneider Gerhard , García Paul S. , Hinzmann Dominik , Sleigh Jamie W. , Kratzer Stephan , Kreuzer Matthias 
Published: October 2023

Background
Intraoperative alpha-band power in frontal electrodes may provide helpful information about the balance of hypnosis and analgesia and has been associated with reduced occurrence of delirium in the postanesthesia care unit. Recent studies suggest that narrow-band power computations from neural power spectra can benefit from separating periodic and aperiodic components of the electroencephalogram. This study investigates whether such techniques are more useful in separating patients with and without delirium in the postanesthesia care unit at the group level as opposed to conventional power spectra.

Methods
Intraoperative electroencephalography recordings of 32 patients who developed perioperative neurocognitive disorders and 137 patients who did not were considered in this post hoc secondary analysis. The power spectra were calculated using conventional methods and the “fitting oscillations and one over f” algorithm was applied to separate aperiodic and periodic components to see whether the electroencephalography signature is different between groups.

Results
At the group level, patients who did not develop perioperative neurocognitive disorders presented with significantly higher alpha-band power and a broadband increase in power, allowing a “fair” separation based on conventional power spectra. Within the first third of emergence, the difference in median absolute alpha-band power amounted to 8.53 decibels (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve, 0.74 [0.65; 0.82]), reaching its highest value. In relative terms, the best separation was achieved in the second third of emergence, with a difference in medians of 7.71% (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve, 0.70 [0.61; 0.79]). The area under the receiver operator characteristics curve values were generally lower toward the end of emergence with increasing arousal.

Conclusions
Increased alpha-band power during emergence in patients who did not develop perioperative neurocognitive disorders can be traced back to an increase in oscillatory alpha activity and an overall increase in aperiodic broadband power. Although the differences between patients with and without perioperative neurocognitive disorders can be detected relying on traditional methods, the separation of the signal allows a more detailed analysis. This may enable clinicians to detect patients at risk for developing perioperative neurocognitive disorders in the postanesthesia care unit early in the emergence phase.

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Impact of Coronavirus Disease–era Clinical Trial Reform on Cancer Trial Access in Rural/Underserved Regions of the Mid-West
Authors: Gordon Elizabeth A. , Gordon Joshua W. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic refocused the cancer community on bringing clinical trials closer to patients and increasing access for traditionally underserved communities. Pandemic-era deregulation increased flexibility with telemedicine visits, less frequent testing, and the ability to have tests done locally. This study evaluates the impact of 2020 cancer clinical trial reform on trial accessibility in rural/underserved regions of the mid-West.

Methods:
Publicly available clinicaltrials.gov data was accessed from January 1, 2018 to September 30, 2022 for the 3 leading causes of new cancer cases in Kentucky, Tennessee, Illinois, and Indiana. Interventional trials were categorized based on location using corresponding “Rural-Urban Commuting Area” codes (urban/metropolitan, suburban/micropolitan, small town/rural, and isolated/rural) and categorized as pre versus postpandemic (using March 15, 2020, when national regulatory guidelines were modified). Locations of trial offerings from pre and postpandemic dates were analyzed by paired t test. Comparison of trial location category by state and cancer type was analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance with pairwise multiple comparisons made using the Tukey-Kramer method.

Results:
Pandemic-era deregulation had no impact on increasing trial availability in suburban and small-town/rural locales (P = 0.1259). Only 18% of trials were offered outside of urban areas, with 15% in suburban and 3% in small town/rural areas. Results varied by state (P < 0.0001) with Illinois offering the most suburban and small-town trial availability (27%) compared with Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee (18%, 6%, and 2%, respectively). Trial availability in rural versus urban areas did not differ by cancer type (P = 0.07197).

Conclusions:
More work must be done to increase access to cancer clinical trials in rural and suburban areas of the United States.
Safety and Efficacy of Topical Vitamin D in the Management of Dry Eye Disease Associated With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hassanpour Kiana , Langari Farideh , Akbarzadeh Amir Rezaeian , Kanavi Mozhgan Rezaei , Barani Maryam , Kheiri Bahareh , Karimian Farid , Ahmadieh Hamid , Sadoughi Mohammad-Mehdi 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of topical vitamin D in the management of dry eye disease associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods:
In this randomized controlled trial, patients with symptomatic MGD were divided into 2 groups to receive topical vitamin D drops or placebo in their randomized eyes. The exclusion criteria consisted of patients with vitamin D deficiency, previous ocular surgery, and patients with ocular diseases affecting the tear film. Patients and researchers were masked to the study groups. The outcomes included the score of Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ) 5 and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), corneal and conjunctival staining score, tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer, and MG expressibility score evaluated at baseline and weeks 4 and 8.

Results:
Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients were recruited in each group. In addition to the improvement of subjective parameters in both groups, there was a statistically significantly greater improvement in the vitamin D group compared with control for average scores of OSDI (13.38 ± 7.32 vs. 27.94 ± 7.49) and DEQ5 (9.67 ± 1.86 vs. 14.14 ± 2.45) at week 8 (Ps <0.001). In addition, a significant improvement in TBUT and Schirmer test was observed in both groups in weeks 4 and 8 (P value <0.05). There was a significant difference between the treatment and control groups after 8 weeks for OSDI, DEQ5, Schirmer, TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining, and MG expressibility score (P value <0.05).

Conclusions:
The preliminary results of this randomized controlled trial suggested that use of topical vitamin D drops with a lipid vehicle could be safe and might significantly improve the symptoms and signs of dry eye associated with MGD.
Treatment of geographic atrophy: an update on data related to pegcetacoplan
Authors: Patel Sagar B. , Heier Jeffrey S. , Chaudhary Varun , Wykoff Charles C. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Geographic atrophy is an advanced and currently untreatable form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which leads to significant compromise of visual function and quality of life. Dysregulation of the complement cascade has been directly implicated in AMD pathogenesis. Pegcetacoplan is a pegylated highly selective bicyclic peptide that inhibits the cleavage of complement component 3 (C3), which represents a key step in propagation of the complement cascade. The phase 2 FILLY trial as well as the phase 3 OAKS and DERBY trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of pegcetacoplan for the treatment of GA.

Recent findings
The FILLY, OAKS and DERBY trials have demonstrated that local inhibition of C3 cleavage with pegcetacoplan can reduce geographic atrophy lesion growth compared with sham with an effect size of approximately 11–35% depending on the specific trial and specific geographic atrophy phenotype considered. Overall pegcetacoplan has appeared to be well tolerated with the notable side effect of a dose-dependent increase in the rate of exudative AMD development in treated eyes.

Summary
The FILLY, OAKS and DERBY trials have demonstrated that pegcetacoplan is a potentially viable treatment for geographic atrophy. Additional data from the 2-year outcomes of DERBY and OAKS as well as data from the ongoing 3-year GALE extension study will provide additional insights into the potential therapeutic benefit of pegcetacoplan. Future studies assessing complement inhibition at earlier stages of AMD, with the goal of preventing geographic atrophy formation, are warranted.
Rapid Diagnosis of Bartonella-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Using Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasma
Authors: Mondy Kristin E. , Thyagarajan Rama , Han H. Stephen , Lee Brian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by uncontrolled activation of macrophages and phagocytosis of hematopoietic cells. Recognition and treatment are often delayed in infectious triggers of HLH because of lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic modalities, as well as the need for invasive tissue sampling. We report a rare case of Bartonella-induced HLH in a kidney transplant patient who presented with fever of unknown origin. The diagnosis was expedited with next-generation sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA. We also describe the successful treatment outcome with antibiotics alone and the promising utility of this newer diagnostic method.
Peritoneal Tuberculosis
Authors: Ozturk Nazli Begum , Tsagkaris Christos , Iliaz Raim 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Peritoneal tuberculosis (PT) is the most common form of abdominal tuberculosis. Diagnosis of PT can be difficult because of vague clinical symptoms, insidious onset, limitations of available diagnostic tests, and variable imaging findings. Early and timely diagnosis and treatment are important in preventing morbidity and mortality in PT. In this review, we summarize the current literature on presentation, diagnosis, and management of PT.