bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory problems
Authors: Currow David , Clark Katherine , Kleinig Paul 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Respiratory diseases generate significant symptom burden, whether they are chronic or acute. Breathlessness is the cardinal symptom of respiratory disease. Rapid changes in breathing for any person raises concerns about imminent death. As such, clinical responsiveness to worsening breathlessness is necessary. Often, as with many symptoms, a reversible cause may be identified. Indeed, the more rapid the onset, the more likely that a precipitant can be identified. Whether or not to try and reverse any identified pathology requires careful clinical judgement and timely discussions with the person with the life-limiting illness and their family. Sepsis is frequently encountered
Mind the Gap: Toxic Alcohol Management
Authors: Filkins Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Toxic alcohols remain one of the most common and most lethal toxicologic exposures year after year. Rapid diagnosis and intervention are key to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. Given the absence of readily available tests for toxic alcohols, utilization of nonspecific but commonly available laboratory tests can help guide the clinician’s management. Except for isopropanol and propylene glycol, the most important intervention for a toxic alcohol exposure is rapid blockade of alcohol dehydrogenase, preferably with fomepizole, if indicated. Definitive management with hemodialysis may be warranted in certain situations. Additional adjunctive medications may be considered to help enhance elimination of toxic metabolites. Early consultation with a toxicologist is recommended if there is suspicion of a toxic alcohol exposure.
Vitamins That Kill: Vitamin A and D Overdoses
Authors: Hon Stephanie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although most people do not need to take vitamin supplements as long as they eat a healthy, balanced diet, many patients self-treat with unregulated supplements and medications purchased over-the-counter or online. Many individuals mistakenly believe that vitamin preparations provide extra health benefits if they are ingested in quantities greater than the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Most OTC vitamin preparations generally do not exceed 100% of the RDA, but excessive vitamin intake is likely to occur in users who also take single-vitamin supplements and also eat a healthy diet that includes fortified foods and beverages. Some vitamins, mostly those that are fat soluble, are associated with toxicities and adverse effects when ingested in very large doses chronically. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that can cause pseudotumor cerebri as well as renal and liver failure in acute and chronic overdoses. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can cause fatal hypercalcemia in acute and chronic overdoses. Therapy is largely supportive, and consists of identifying and stopping the causative agent, restoring volume and electrolyte status, and treating end-organ dysfunction.
Stuffing Is for Turkeys: Management of Illicit Drug Stuffers
Authors: Illg Zachary 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Body stuffing is the hasty ingestion of unwrapped or poorly packaged illicit xenobiotics to avoid detection by others, usually law enforcement. Commonly stuffed drugs include heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine, and each of these substances can cause severe toxicity and death if untreated. A patient who presents to the emergency department following the ingestion of an illicit drug requires a minimum of 6 hours of observation and must be asymptomatic with stable hemodynamics before consideration for discharge. Body stuffers are managed with a dose of activated charcoal, assuming there are no contraindications, and symptomatic and supportive care if drug toxicity is present. Abdominopelvic imaging may assist in confirming the diagnosis of body stuffing but cannot be relied upon to rule out an ingestion. Additionally, there is a lack of evidence to support the routine use of whole-bowel irrigation in treating body stuffers.
Don’t Get Washed Away in the Red Tide: Shellfish and Seafood-Related Toxins
Authors: Fernandez Alyka Glor P. , Gittinger Melissa H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Seafood poisoning results from the ingestion of fish and shellfish that contain toxic substances. Patients can present with a wide range of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms that can range in severity. Seafood-related toxins have no known antidotes. While most illnesses are usually mild and only need symptomatic treatment, there are instances in which patients can have severe symptoms, such as cardiovascular collapse, and require ventilatory support. It is important for clinicians to consider seafood poisoning in their differential diagnoses when patients present with concerns of a foodborne illness. This chapter focuses on seafood toxins that are most often ingested as well as with those that are rarely encountered but can be lethal.
Redox Cycling Out of Control: Herbicide Ingestions
Authors: Titelbaum Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The term “herbicide” is used to refer to a diverse group of xenobiotics used to restrict plant growth. Paraquat and diquat are two herbicides of the bipyridyl class associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality. Their toxicity is due to redox cycling, generating free radicals in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and oxygen. In severe cases, exposure to paraquat or diquat can lead to multiorgan failure or death. Glyphosate is perhaps the most widely used herbicide and pesticide in the United States. Although glyphosate itself is considered to be a mild GI irritant, surfactant coformulants are believed to contribute to multiorgan injury seen in severe cases. The diagnosis of herbicide toxicity is made based on a thorough history and physical examination. The mainstay of management for patients experiencing herbicide toxicity is aggressive supportive care.
I Am All Choked Up Over Chlorine: Chlorine and Other Pulmonary Irritants
Authors: Kiernan Emily 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Irritant gases, including chlorine, can be found in a variety of industrial and occupational settings. These chemicals cause local tissue damage and inflammation in the alveoli. Clinical presentations can vary from mild mucous membrane irritation to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The water solubility, duration of exposure, and concentration of the chemical determine the clinical effects. Highly water-soluble gases produce a warning sign to leave the area, unlike low water-soluble gases. Chlorine has many uses including industrial, bleaching, sewage treatment, swimming pool chlorination, and chemical warfare. Management of patients with exposure to irritant gas begins with careful inspection of the ABCs after decontamination. While there is no specific antidote, supplemental oxygen, bronchodilators, and airway suctioning may be required. Nebulized bicarbonate can be considered, but corticosteroids likely do not play a role in the management. Irritant gas exposure can lead to reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Patients should stop the exposure and be evaluated by a primary care physician or pulmonologist.
Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Breitbart William 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Taking care of a family member or friend with cancer—or any other chronic or life-limiting illness—is profoundly challenging. Caregiving responsibilities can negatively impact every aspect of caregivers’ lives, including their emotional, physical, spiritual, and financial well-being. At the same time, caregiving may be a source of great meaning; a growing body of literature indicates that connecting to a sense of meaning and purpose in caregiving has the potential to buffer many facets of caregiver distress and burden, and even to protect against poor bereavement outcomes. Based upon Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy, an empirically supported existentially oriented approach that has demonstrated great efficacy in enhancing meaning, purpose, and spiritual well-being among patients with advanced cancer, Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Cancer Caregivers (MCP-C) is the first therapeutic approach that helps caregivers connect to a sense of meaning and purpose in life and caregiving, despite the profound challenges and limitations they face. Through seven sessions that include didactic and experiential exercises, caregivers are guided to connect to various sources of meaning in life that can become resources as they face the challenges of caregiving and beyond. MCP-C does not deny suffering or invalidate the challenges caregivers face, but instead is built upon the underlying principle that meaning and suffering can coexist, and sustaining or enhancing meaning can alleviate suffering. This manual provides clinicians with the tools needed to deliver MCP-C, including session-by-session descriptions, sample therapist scripts, and a caregiver workbook. A sample case is also included to bring the material to life.
Transitions: Endings and New Beginnings
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Breitbart William S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The seventh and final session of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Cancer Caregivers (MCP-C) provides an opportunity for caregivers to review the four sources of meaning—historical, attitudinal, creative, experiential—and to explore how they can continue to utilize these sources of meaning as resources when the challenges of caregiving endure. Therapists take time to review the main themes and meaningful moments that arose in each of the prior six sessions, and to discuss both the Legacy Project and the Self-Care Project. This final session ends with a reflection on caregivers’ overall experience of MCP-C and their hopes for the future.
MCP-C Sample Case
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Breitbart William S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A case example is provided to bring the material of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Cancer Caregivers (MCP-C) to life and to assist therapists using the manual to elicit themes of meaning and caregiving with their own patients. The case presents the experience of Elliot, a 32-year-old Indian American cis man who engaged in MCP-C six months after Leo, his husband, was diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). An in-depth description of each of session is provided, with a focus on Elliot’s responses to the experiential exercise questions. The case example covers all four sources of meaning, and highlights how discussions of attitude and creativity can engender a sense of pride in caregivers despite the profound limitations they face.
Determining the Young’s Moduli of Collagen Fibrils with the Winkler Foundation Model
Authors: Oudkerk-Sodia Ellen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This report highlights the Winkler Foundation Model, a novel method to determine the Young’s moduli of a set of dehydrated and aged collagen fibrils. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image the surface of collagen fibrils and to perform force curves. The data were analyzed with the Gwyddion software to obtain fibril diameters and force curve slopes. These quantitative outputs were substituted into the analytical Winkler equation to obtain a final value for the Young’s moduli of the collagen fibrils. The investigation found Young’s moduli values within the giga Pascal (GPa) range, which is consistent with previous experiments on dehydrated collagen fibrils. Hence, this investigation suggests that the Winkler Foundation Model may be a candidate to determine the Young’s modulus of collagen fibrils. This may result in significant applications in cancer research and tissue engineering.
Alkaline phosphatase treatment of acute kidney injury—an update
Authors: Steenvoorden Thei S , Rood Janneke A J , Bemelman Frederike J , Armstrong Jr. Roberto , Leuvenink Henri G D , van der Heijden Joost W , Vogt Liffert 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Through improved insights into the increasing incidence and detrimental effects of acute kidney injury (AKI), its clinical relevance has become more and more apparent. Although treatment strategies for AKI have also somewhat improved, an adequate remedy still does not exist. Finding one is complicated by a multifactorial pathophysiology and by heterogeneity in the patient population. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been suggested as a therapy for sepsis-associated AKI because of its protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and kidney injury in animals. However, its effectiveness as an AKI treatment has not been demonstrated definitively. Because the anti-inflammatory properties of ALP are likely not reliant on a direct effect on LPS itself, we postulate that other pathways are much more important in explaining the renoprotective properties ascribed to ALP. The re-evaluation of which properties of the ALP enzyme are responsible for the benefit seen in the lab is an important step in determining where the true potential of ALP as a treatment strategy for AKI in the clinic lies. In this review we will discuss how ALP can prevent activation of harmful pro-inflammatory receptors, redirect cell–cell signalling and protect barrier tissues, which together form the basis for current knowledge of the role of ALP in the kidney. With this knowledge in mind and by analysing currently available clinical evidence, we propose directions for new research that can determine whether ALP as a treatment strategy for AKI has a future in the clinical field.
Extending Social Resource Exchange to Events of Abundance and Sufficiency
Authors: Bååth Jonas , Daoud Adel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scarcity is a condition in which human requirements for a resource exceed the availability of that resource. Because many theories, including social resource theory (SRT), stipulate that scarcity is universally existing, they assume that scarcity motivates individuals to exchange resources to satisfy their needs and requirements. However, especially in modern societies, scarcity is neither universal nor necessarily problematic. Individuals can create scarcity or abolish it, thereby creating events of abundance or sufficiency. This chapter first discusses the assumption of scarcity in SRT and its consequences. Second, it introduces the theory of scarcity, abundance, and sufficiency (SAS) and discusses how it allows for a richer theory about human behavior. Third, through two concrete cases—the Protestant ethic and food systems—the chapter demonstrates the merits of the synthesis of SRT and SAS for understanding exchange behavior.
Conclusion: The Roots of Dispensationalism
Authors: Gribben Crawford 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Neither Darby’s followers nor his Reformed critics could agree whether his innovative theology should be compared or contrasted with the confessions of the protestant reformation. By the early 1880s, Darby’s ideas had taken on a life of their own, expanding beyond his catholic, Calvinist, charismatic, and catastrophic emphases to construct an entire system of theology which, thirty years later, critics, and then adherents, began to describe as “dispensationalism.” Each of Darby’s key themes had precedents in the Reformed tradition. But neither he nor his followers were interested in establishing their historical theological bona fides. The appeal to Scripture trumped everything else.
Jebusite Jerusalem (1050 bce)
Authors: Magness Jodi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
By 1050 bce, Jerusalem had been inhabited for nearly two millennia. The settlement was confined to a small hill to the south of the Temple Mount called the southeastern hill, with the Gihon Spring at the foot of the eastern slope. This chapter transports readers to a period shortly before the Israelites under David’s leadership reportedly captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites, a people who may or may not have been related to the Canaanites. Over the centuries, Jerusalem’s pre-Israelite inhabitants fortified the settlement with a wall and dug an elaborate system of underground tunnels to provide safe access to the spring even in times of siege. On the crest of the hill above are the remains of the Jebusite citadel and perhaps the palace of David.
On the Faroese Reworking of Paradise Lost
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Turið 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When Paradise Lost was retold in Faroese around 1820, Danish had been the language of religion in the Faroe Islands since the Reformation. The Faroese version of Paradise Lost was composed by the ballad poet Jens Christian Djurhuus, a central figure in the revival of the Faroese ballad in the early nineteenth century. Djurhuus’s rendering of Paradise Lost is exceptional not only in his body of work but in Faroese literature on the whole since the Faroese language had been out of use in religious matters for centuries. Having no tradition at hand, Djurhuus forges his version with the tools available: the language and poetics of the ballad, Danish religious language, and last but not least, the metre of a banned Catholic hymn, in which he boldly composes his poem Púkaljómur [Devil’s Tones].
Encountering Milton in Linmark’s Leche
Authors: Kim Stephen K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how R. Zamora Linmark rewrites key moments in Paradise Lost, such as the Fall and the Expulsion, in Leche (2011), a novel about a queer Filipinx man’s visit to the Philippines thirteen years after immigrating to the United States. By juxtaposing Paradise Lost with Leche, this chapter elucidates the associations between fallenness and racial difference, as well as the entanglements of migration with race and sexuality in Milton’s epic. More broadly, this chapter argues that critical race engagement on Milton’s presence in Linmark work can lead to nuanced understandings of the racial dynamics in Milton’s own work and a more robust articulation of how authors of colour are writing back against the constructions and inequalities of hierarchical racial systems.
The Synergies of Drawing and Painting Paradise Lost
Authors: Webb Richard Kenton , Issa Islam , Duran Angelica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Paradise Lost has resonated with generations of visual artists, but it was John Martin’s mezzotints for Paradise Lost (1827) that inspired Richard Kenton Webb to complete the largest engagement with Milton’s epic by a single artist to date. Webb’s A Conversation with ‘Paradise Lost’ (2021) is a visual poem with grand conceptual ideas that have remained relevant, providing hope at times of struggle. Webb discusses A Conversation—a body of 12 linocuts, 40 paintings, and 127 drawings—with Islam Issa and Angelica Duran, elucidating conscious and vital choices about the usage of line, colour, and tone including contrast of dark and light.
Epilogue
Authors: Harrison Stephen , May Regine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This short chapter draws out some of the main strands in this period of the reception of C&P, as well as stressing the roads not taken in this volume. It looks at the connection of C&P with the development of the European novel, its connection with stage performance (both drama and opera), its link with female authors and feminism, and its interaction with art and sculpture, and (above all) its continuous bond with the genre of the fairy tale, of which it is a key ancestor in Western Europe. It also traces the most common themes in this reception over the last four hundred years, such as the story’s link to marriage and love and immortality of the soul. It looks at current developments in the contemporary reception of C&P against this background.
The Internal Market Ideal
Authors: 9780192692986  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The unifying theme of this collection is ‘The Internal Market Ideal’. It is an implicit reference to one of Steve’s recent books, The Internal Market as a Legal Concept (OUP 2016), but also reflects our hope that a close examination of the legal issues surrounding the semi-integrated market of the European Union could assist in finding, and perhaps delivering, its most desirable version: a Union which benefits from economic growth and pursues non-economic objectives, all whilst carefully balancing respect for Member States’ autonomy and the European Union’s self-sufficiency. Chapters in this collection are divided into five parts, addressing many facets of European internal market law. Each chapter offers a different perspective on select aspects of the internal market, its regulatory framework, and legal principles. We hope you will enjoy the intellectual journey through the chapters as much as we have done: it offers a panoramic view of the many elements of the Union’s internal market, and, most importantly, an opportunity to appreciate the breadth of Steve’s contributions to the field.
Introduction: In Pursuit of the (Internal Market) Ideal
Authors: Adams-Prassl Jeremias , Bogojević Sanja , Ezrachi Ariel , Leczykiewicz Dorota 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter includes an interview with Steve Weatherill and outlines the scope of each of the chapter contributions. The unifying theme of this collection is ‘The Internal Market Ideal’. It is an implicit reference to one of Steve’s recent books, The Internal Market as a Legal Concept (OUP 2016), but also reflects our hope that a close examination of the legal issues surrounding the semi-integrated market of the European Union could assist in finding, and perhaps delivering, its most desirable version: a Union which benefits from economic growth and pursues non-economic objectives, all whilst carefully balancing respect for Member States’ autonomy and the European Union’s self-sufficiency. Chapters in this collection are divided into five parts, addressing many facets of European internal market law. Each chapter offers a different perspective on select aspects of the internal market, its regulatory framework, and legal principles. We hope you will enjoy the intellectual journey through the chapters as much as we have done: it offers a panoramic view of the many elements of the Union’s internal market, and, most importantly, an opportunity to appreciate the breadth of Steve’s contributions to the field.
The Internal Market as an Incomplete and Evolving Structure: But Evolving Towards Where Exactly?
Authors: Bobek Michal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter ponders the state and evolution of the internal market, in particular regarding the eternal tension between centralization and unification on the one hand, and local diversity on the other. The argument proceeds in three steps. First, it is suggested that the internal market remains a remarkably incomplete structure. Although quite elegant as a model on paper, the default requirement of mutual recognition is an unusually vague principle, the functionality of which at the national level leaves much to be desired, as demonstrated by the (in)operability of the Mutual Recognition Regulation. Secondly, with that one structure being far from complete, the EU legislature opened up, intentionally or not, a number of other, parallel building sites, ranging from the ‘area of freedom, security, and justice’ to the ‘rule of law crises management’. The principles and approaches originally developed in the (economic) law of the internal market are being transplanted and applied in other areas. Thirdly, the plethora of legal construction sites, together with the fact that each of them needs to be serviced with the assistance of a finite amount of resources and manpower, equally mean that ideas and trends developed in these new areas have repercussions on the economic law of the internal market. The argument closes with a broader reflection on whether, while still of course incomplete and evolving, the economic law of the internal market should be approached in the same way as any other area of EU law.