bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the non-thermal physics of stellar bow shocks using radio observations
Authors: Martinez J. R. , del Palacio S. , Bosch-Ramon V. 
Published: October 2023

Context. Massive runaway stars produce bow shocks in the interstellar medium. Recent observations revealed radio emission from a few of these objects, but the origin of this radiation remains poorly understood.
Aims. We aim to interpret this radio emission and assess under which conditions it could be either thermal (free–free) or non-thermal (synchrotron), and how to use the observational data to infer physical properties of the bow shocks.
Methods. We used an extended non-thermal emission model for stellar bow shocks for which we incorporated a consistent calculation of the thermal emission from the forward shock. We fitted this model to the available radio data (spectral and intensity maps), including largely unexplored data at low frequencies. In addition, we used a simplified one-zone model to estimate the gamma-ray emission from particles escaping the bow shocks.
Results. We can only explain the radio data from the best sampled systems (BD+43°3654 and BD+60°2522) assuming a hard electron energy distribution below ∼1 GeV, a high efficiency of conversion of (shocked) wind kinetic power into relativistic electrons (∼1 − 5%), and a relatively high magnetic-to-thermal pressure ratio of ηB ∼ 0.2. In the other systems, the interpretation of the observed flux density is more ambiguous, although a non-thermal scenario is also favoured. We also show how complementary observations at other frequencies can allow us to place stronger constraints in the model. We also estimated the gamma-ray fluxes from the HII regions around the bow shocks of BD+43°3654 and BD+60°2522, and obtained luminosities at GeV energies of ∼1033 erg s−1 and 1032 erg s−1, respectively, under reasonable assumptions.
Conclusions. Stellar bow shocks can potentially be very efficient particle accelerators. This work provides multi-wavelength predictions of their emission and demonstrates the key role of low-frequency radio observations in unveiling particle acceleration processes. The prospects of detections with next-generation observatories such as SKA and ngVLA are very promising. Finally, BD+43°3654 may be detected in GeV in the near future, while bow shocks in general may turn out to be non-negligible sources of (at least leptonic) low-energy cosmic rays.
NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations of the binary 4FGL J1405.1–6119
Authors: Saavedra Enzo A. , Fogantini Federico A. , Escobar Gastón J. , Romero Gustavo E. , Combi Jorge A. , Marcel Estefania 
Published: October 2023

Context. 4FGL J1405.1−6119 is a high-mass γ-ray-emitting binary that has been studied at several wavelengths. The nature of this type of binary is still under debate, with three possible scenarios usually invoked to explain the origin of the γ-ray emission: collisions between the winds of a rapidly rotating neutron star and its companion, collisions between the winds of two massive stars, and nonthermal emission from the jet of a microquasar.
Aims. We analyzed two pairs of simultaneous NuSTAR and XMM-Newton observations to investigate the origin of the radio, X-ray, and γ-ray emissions.
Methods. We extracted light curves between 0.5 and 78 keV from two different epochs, which we call Epoch 1 and Epoch 2. We then extracted and analyzed the associated spectra to gain insight into the characteristics of the emission in each epoch. To explain these observations, along with the overall spectral energy distribution, we developed a model of a microquasar jet. This allowed us to make some inferences about the origin of the observed emission and to discuss the nature of the system.
Results. A power-law model combined with the inclusion of a blackbody accurately characterizes the X-ray spectrum. The power-law index (E−Γ) was found to be ∼1.7 for Epoch 1 and ∼1.4 for Epoch 2. Furthermore, the associated blackbody temperature was ∼1 keV and with a modeled emitting region of size ≲16 km. The scenario we propose to explain the observations involves a parabolic, mildly relativistic, lepto-hadronic jet. This jet has a compact acceleration region that injects a hard spectrum of relativistic particles. The dominant nonthermal emission processes include synchrotron radiation of electrons, inverse Compton scattering of photons from the stellar radiation field, and the decay of neutral pions resulting from inelastic proton-proton collisions within the bulk matter of the jet. These estimates are in accordance with the values of a super-Eddington lepto-hadronic jet scenario. The compact object could be either a black hole or a neutron star with a weak magnetic field. Most of the X-ray emission from the disk could be absorbed by the dense wind that is ejected from the same disk.
Conclusions. We conclude that the binary 4FGL J1405.1−6119 could be a supercritical microquasar similar to SS 433.
Navigating the financial frontier: a serendipitous journey between corpus linguistics and discourse analysis of economy in parliamentary speeches
Authors: Altamimi Sadiq 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the esteemed chambers of Westminster, the United Kingdom’s members of Parliament engage in rigorous discourse regarding economic policies that have far-reaching consequences. The discourse analysis of their speeches helps us understand the formulation of financial regulations that align with the nation’s evolving needs and priorities. Nevertheless, discourse analysis has been criticised for being overtly biased in as much as it cherry-picks the linguistic features it seeks to examine within a data set. Hence, the present study aims to integrate corpus linguistic tools with discourse analysis methods to prepare representative data and to construct an objective pathway for analysis, thereby establishing an impartial avenue for scrutiny while mitigating the critiques often levelled against these two distinct approaches when employed in isolation. To realise these objectives, a corpus-assisted discourse study approach is applied, focusing on the procedural obstacles in the back-and-forth journey between quantitative and qualitative analysis of the discursive representations of the British economy. The study revealed that the integration of corpus tools and discourse methods helped prepare representative data for objective analysis. The integration, also, backed the triangulation of findings and showed that the parliamentarians concentrated on two main discourses of the British economy, namely finance and hardship. The analysis of the linguistic and collocational behaviour of these discourses uncovered that alleviation, scale and source were the three semantic categories of the discursive representation of the British economy.
A PIE analysis of China’s commercial space development
Authors: Han Yuexia , Chen Zhuang , Hu Yuxin , Zhang Liyan , Fu Huishan , Zhang Renyong , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe commercial space industry seems to draw worldwide attention in the recent two decades to respond to the increasingly broad market demand. Compared with Western countries, the development of China’s commercial space industry is still in its infancy and faces many daunting challenges. Few studies have considered the dual perspective of government and market of commercial space industry in China. Aiming at exploring the influencing factors and future directions of the development of China’s commercial space industry, this paper proposed the theoretical analysis framework consisting of Policy, Innovation and Economics, and conducted a synergistic analysis of government and market in China’s commercial space industry. Specifically, based on the interview data, assisted by a machine learning approach, we have conducted an industry analysis of the influencing factors of commercial space in China. The results show that China’s commercial space industry is rapidly developing with many characteristics. Specifically, at present, there is a lack of specific and operational policies at the implementation level. Despite limited disruptive innovation, commercial space companies have achieved breakthroughs in many key areas. The overall industry is exploring more stable and sustainable profit models. The findings of this study contribute to the topic of industry development in business management literature by underpinning the policy discussion, technological analysis and direction for the future development of China’s commercial space industry. The industry practitioners may also benefit from the practices that were discussed in this research.
Efficient triaging of advice and guidance referrals using teledermatology via the UK National Health Service e-Referral service platform: reporting positive outcomes from the COVID era
Authors: Beck-Sander Kellen , Efstathiadou Anthoula , Woo Wen Ai , Cooper Hywel , Mitchell Charles 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Substantial increases in the implementation and use of dermatology advice and guidance (A&G) services has been a legacy of the COVID pandemic.

Objectives
To evaluate the impact that a 45-month period of A&G use had on the health service outcomes in a university teaching hospital dermatology department.

Methods
A&G data for June in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were retrospectively analysed. Areas analysed included: total number of A&G requests; number of requests converted to referrals; percentage of discharges at first attendance; and referral-to-treatment (RTT) performance (defined as percentage of referrals seen by 18 weeks).

Results
A&G requests increased over the study period, from 45 requests in June 2019 to 1384 in June 2021. Increased request numbers were because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and then a subsequent change to the referral pathway. In January 2021, A&G became the obligatory referral route for all routine referrals to our department. The percentage of A&G requests converted to referral were 22.4%, 46.4%, 43.4% and 52.2% in June 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Between 2019 and 2022 our discharges at first attendance decreased from 36.7% to 29.0%. RTT performance remained consistently above the national average; local RTT performances were 95.2% (2543/2671), 59.8% (782/1308), 90.1% (1697/1884) and 87.9% (1660/1888), in June 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively, which compared favourably against RTT figures for England (90.2%, 56.5%, 78.2% and 65.1%).

Conclusions
We highlight to other NHS dermatology departments the positive impact A&G triaging can have on outcomes, as observed for our service, reducing our discharges at first attendance and maintaining an RTT performance above the national average.
Exercise-induced circular RNA circUtrn is required for cardiac physiological hypertrophy and prevents myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Wang Lijun , Feng Jingyi , Feng Xing , Meng Danni , Zhao Xuan , Wang Jiaqi , Yu Pujiao , Xu Gui-e , Hu Meiyu , Wang Tianhui , Lehmann H Immo , Li Guoping , Sluijter Joost P G , Xiao Junjie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Regular exercise training benefits cardiovascular health and effectively reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cardiac pathophysiology. However, the role of circRNAs in response to exercise training and biological mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection remain largely unknown.

Methods and results
RNA sequencing was used to profile circRNA expression in adult mouse cardiomyocytes that were isolated from mice with or without exercise training. Exercise-induced circRNA circUtrn was significantly increased in swimming-trained adult mouse cardiomyocytes. In vivo, circUtrn was found to be required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy. circUtrn inhibition abolished the protective effects of exercise on myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion remodelling. circUtrn overexpression prevented myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion-induced acute injury and pathological cardiac remodelling. In vitro, overexpression of circUtrn promoted H9 human embryonic stem cell–induced cardiomyocyte growth and survival via protein phosphatase 5 (PP5). Mechanistically, circUtrn directly bound to PP5 and regulated the stability of PP5 in a ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent manner. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α–dependent splicing factor SF3B1 acted as an upstream regulator of circUtrn in cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion
The circRNA circUtrn is upregulated upon exercise training in the heart. Overexpression of circUtrn can prevent myocardial I/R-induced injury and pathological cardiac remodelling.
Commuting for Crime
Authors: Kirchmaier Tom , Langella Monica , Manning Alan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
People care about crime, with the spatial distribution of both actual and perceived crime affecting the local amenities from living in different areas and residential decisions. The literature finds that crime tends to happen close to the offender's residence, but does not clearly establish whether this is because the location of likely offenders and crime opportunities are close to each other, whether more local crimes are likely to be solved or whether there is a high commuting cost for criminals. We use a rich administrative dataset from one of the biggest UK police forces to disentangle these hypotheses, proposing a procedure for controlling for the selection bias induced by the fact that an offender’s location is only known when they are caught. We find that the cost of distance is very high, especially for crimes without any financial gain. For property crimes, we find a similar cost of distance to commuting for legal work. We also investigate how local socio-economic characteristics affect both the number of criminals and the number of crimes.
Analytical advances alleviate model misspecification in non-Brownian multivariate comparative methods
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Fuentes-González Jesualdo , Mitov Venelin , Pienaar Jason , Piwczyński Marcin , Puchałka Radosław , Spalik Krzysztof , Voje Kjetil Lysne 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adams and Collyer argue that contemporary multivariate (Gaussian) phylogenetic comparative methods are prone to favouring more complex models of evolution and sometimes rotation invariance can be an issue. Here we dissect the concept of rotation invariance and point out that, depending on the understanding, this can be an issue with any method that relies on numerical instead of analytical estimation approaches. We relate this to the ongoing discussion concerning phylogenetic principal component analysis. Contrary to what Adams and Collyer found, we do not observe a bias against the simpler Brownian motion process in simulations when we use the new, improved, likelihood evaluation algorithm employed by mvSLOUCH, which allows for studying much larger phylogenies and more complex model setups.
Predictors of Psychological Distress Among Rural Family/Friend Caregivers of People Living With Dementia in the United States: Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Santoyo-Olsson Jasmine , Covinsky Kenneth E , Chesla Catherine A , Lorig Kate , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Cheng Jing , Luzanilla Maritza , Macias Romo Elizabeth , Aguayo Ramirez Giselle , Karliner Leah , Yank Veronica 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Caregivers of persons living with dementia in rural United States are a vulnerable population. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rural communities experienced heightened disparities in social services, healthcare, suicides, and mortality. Guided by the Caregiving Stress Process Model, this study examines the relationship between the stressors and resources of rural caregivers of persons living with dementia and their experience of depression, stress, and COVID-19.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-two rural caregivers of persons living with dementia completed an online survey, March 1, 2021–April 30, 2022. Analyses used baseline responses to validated scales and an open-ended question, “How has COVID impacted your life as a caregiver?” Dependent variables were depressive symptoms and stress. Bivariate and hierarchical linear regression analyses examined associations of stressors and resources with depressive symptoms and stress. Thematic analysis examined open-ended question responses.

Results
Among examined stressors, high care burden (b = 1.94, p &lt; .05) and loneliness (b = 0.76, p &lt; .0001) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Loneliness (b = 0.24, p &lt; .05) and ≥41 hr spent caregiving per week (reference 10–20 hr; b = 0.99, p &lt; .05) were associated with stress. Among examined resources, self-efficacy for caregiving (b = −0.21, p &lt; .05) was inversely associated with stress. Qualitative results confirmed quantitative results and identified additional pandemic-related themes in stressors and resources.

Discussion
We found that caregiver burden, loneliness, and caregiving hours were associated with greater psychological distress among rural caregivers of persons living with dementia during the pandemic, whereas self-efficacy for caregiving was protective. Rural caregivers need increased support to address care burdens and enhance psychological resources for caregiving.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT04428112.
How stable routines can empower varied behaviors: defining routines as organizational capacities
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A principal argument in this paper is that the claimed discrepancy between (largely static) routines and their potentially varied behavioral outcomes derives principally from questionable definitions of routines based on (patterns of) behavior. Definitions based mainly on behaviors are often defective, partly because they evade the causal processes, mental states, and social relations that can give rise to the behavior. Instead, it is argued here that routines should be defined in terms of conditional dispositions or capacities, allowing analysis of how those capacities are acquired, developed, and triggered. With this dispositional approach, the apparent discrepancy between fixed routines and varied behaviors disappears, because fixed routines may have conditional elements that respond to different ways to different cues. It is argued that much discourse on routines is still affected by residues of behaviorist psychology, surviving long after its heyday in the 1960s, and even among some critics of these doctrines. The paper considers what a definition of a routine must entail, and it offers a suitable definition.
187 Effect of Piglet Weaning Weight on Wean-to-Finish Growth Performance and Ultrasound Carcass Measures
Authors: Moest Nicole K , Willard Naomi C , Shull Caleb M , McKilligan Denny , Ellis Mike 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of variation in piglet weaning weight (WW) resulting from interventions during lactation on post-weaning performance. A split-split plot design was used with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) Liquid milk replacer [MR; main plot; No Supplement (NS) vs. Supplement (SU)]; 2) Litter size [LS; sub-plot; LOW (4 pigs less than functional teat number) vs. HIGH (2 pigs greater than functional teat number)]; 3) WW [sub-sub-plot; LIGHT (2 lightest barrows and 2 lightest gilts within each litter) vs. HEAVY (2 heaviest barrows and 2 heaviest gilts within each litter)]. Each MR feeder was available to 2 litters, one on the LOW and one on the HIGH LS treatment. Cross-fostering was carried out at 24 h after birth to create LS treatment litters; MR treatment was applied from 24 h after birth until weaning (20 days of age). The study involved 256 pigs housed in mixed-sex pens of 4 pigs (2 barrows; 2 gilts) and was carried out from weaning to a fixed pen weight (130.0 ± 2.27 kg). Pigs were weighed at start and end of the study when ultrasound scans were collected (at the 10th rib) to measure backfat depth (BF) and Longissimus muscle area (LMA). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS; the model accounted for fixed effects of MR, LS, WW, and all interactions, and random effects of replicate, replicate by MR interaction and replicate by MR by LS interaction. There were no treatment interactions (P &gt; 0.05) for any measurements (Table 1). The MR treatment had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on WW; the SU treatment had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADFI but had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on other measurements compared with the NS treatment (Table 1). Compared with the LOW LS treatment, the HIGH LS treatment had lighter WW (1.7 kg; P ≤ 0.05), and greater days on test (4 days; P ≤ 0.05); however, there were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) for other measurements. Compared with the LIGHT WW treatment, HEAVY pigs had greater WW (1.7 kg; P ≤ 0.05), fewer days on test (7.9 days; P ≤ 0.05), greater (P ≤ 0.05) overall ADG (38 g) and ADFI (78 g), less BF (0.17 cm; P ≤ 0.05) and greater LMA (1.37 cm2; P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, providing MR during lactation had little effect on post-weaning performance. However, increasing LS above sow functional teat number reduced WW and increased the time to reach harvest weight with no effect on post-weaning growth performance. In addition, HEAVY WW piglets had improved post-weaning growth performance and carcass lean measurements compared with LIGHT WW piglets.
75 Deep Dive Into Animal Welfare Measurements in Swine and Their Implications
Authors: Anderson Nichole C 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historically, animals growing well were believed to be in a positive welfare state. Evidence shows that pigs will seek out enrichment using play and complex puzzle-solving, which is beyond the physical needs required for positive growth. Physiological and psychological indicators of welfare can now be used to address positive affect in swine. Further, early research may show that those animals living with enrichment may be less likely to fall ill and are better prepared to handle sudden life changes (such as transport). However, measuring animal pleasure successfully is difficult. Understanding ways to measure animal welfare using behavior and physiology can provide insight into validating positive affective states beyond historically used measurements such as average daily gain, reproductive performance, or cortisol. As opportunities to implement these measures grow in the future, understanding the appropriate use for each will be critical.