bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response of the murine lymphoid system to a chronic infection with Trypanosoma congolense. II. The lymph nodes, thymus and liver
Authors: Morrison W. I. , Murray Max , Hinson C. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cellular responses in the lymph nodes, thymus and liver of mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense were examined and considered in relation to changes in the level of Ig in the serum. A significant proliferative response occurred in the lymph nodes only after 3 weeks of infection and involved mainly the B‐dependent folliçular areas in which there was marked germinal centre formation. This was associated with the appearance in the medullary cords of large numbers of plasma cells. Only a minor increase in the number of macrophages was observed in the lymph node sinuses and there was no obvious lymphoid depletion. A partial depletion of the cortical areas of the thymus in the later stages of the infection was the only remarkable feature in that organ. An abrupt but transient increase in the levels of the 4 classes of Ig which were monitored was observed about the time of the first peak of parasitaemia and was considered to result from the proliferative response in the spleen. A second and more pronounced increase occurred later coinciding with the onset of proliferative activity in the lymph nodes. There was marked cellular infiltration into the liver; this commenced about the time of the first peak of parasitaemia when it involved mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells and became progressively more severe involving a mixture of cell types including lymphocytes, plasma cells and erythropoietic and granulopoietic cells. In addition, there was an increase in the number of Kupffer cells lining hepatic sinusoids. Throughout most of the infection, focal hepatic necrosis and increased mitotic activity of hepatocytes were prominent features. The differences in timing and character of the cellular responses between the different lymphoid organs were considered to be due in part to the restriction of T. congolense to the intravascular spaces.
Histological features of skin reactions to human lymphoid cell line lymphokine in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Dumonde D. C. , Pulley Melanie S. , Paradinas F. J. , Southcott Barbara M. , O'Connell D. , Robinson M. R. G. , den Hollander F. , Schuurs A. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLymphokines (LCL‐LK) prepared from the human lymphoid cell line RPMI 1788 were injected intradermally into tumour‐bearing patients. Biopsies of skin reactions were obtained for histological study from 30 min. to 72 hr, and for comparison, biopsies were taken at similar times of tuberculin reactions in tuberculin‐positive patients. The early response to LCL‐LK consisted of polymorph adherence to vascular endothelium (at 30 min.) followed by poiymorph exudation, oedema and haemorrhage (1–2 hr); mononuclear and eosinophilic leucocyte emigration began at 4 hr; and by 12 hr, when the reaction was maximal clinically, there was widespread pleomorphic leucocytic infiltration of the dermis. At later times (48–72 hr) skin reactions to LCL‐LK showed predominantly mononuclear cell infiltration and hypertrophy of vascular endothelium. Electron microscopy at 48 hr revealed perivascular lymphocytes and macrophages.The skin reaction to LCL‐LK appeared to superimpose an early component of marked polymorph infiltration, oedema and haemorrhage upon a mononuclear cell exudation similar to that seen in the tuberculin reaction.It was concluded that the later phase of the skin reaction to lymphoid cell line lymphokine in the human bore a close histological similarity to the established tuberculin reaction. The LCL‐LK reaction occurred in patients anergic to recall antigens. Its intensity was mainly related to dose and did not vary substantially between different batches of lymphokines.
Changes induced by local injection of human lymphoid cell lymphokine into dermal metastases of breast carcinoma: A light and electron microscopical study
Authors: Paradinas F. J. , Southcorr Barbara M. , O'Connell D. , den Hollander F. , Schuurs A. H. , Pulley Melanie S. , Dumonde D. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLymphokines (LCL‐LK) prepared from the human lymphoid cell line RPMI 1788 were injected into dermal nodular metastases of three patients with advanced breast carcinoma anergic to recall antigen (tuberculin). Three different injection schedules were employed. Ten such nodules were examined by excision biopsy and their histological appearances were compared with biopsies of four further nodules not injected with the lymphokine. Intranodular injection of LCL‐LK resulted in clinical regression of tumour and histological evidence of tumour‐cell necrosis with pleomorphic leucocytic infiltration by polymorphs, macrophages and lymphocytes. Electron microscopy of two such nodules failed to show close cell contact between leucocytes and tumour cells prior to tumour‐cell necrosis.This study extends evidence that injection of inflammatory lymphokines into accessible tumour can result in local tumour regression and it suggests that such tumour‐cell destruction may be the result of a variety of factors operating during local inflammatory response.
Severity of glomerulonephritis induced in different strains of suckling mice by infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: Correlation with amounts of endogenous interferon and circulating immune complexes
Authors: Woodrow D. , Ronco P. , Riviere Y. , Moss J. , Gresser I. , Guillon J. C. , Morel‐Maroger L. , Sloper J. C. , Verroust P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRenal lesions due to neonatal infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were studied in three different strains of mice known to produce different amounts of viral interferon. Very severe ultrastructural lesions similar to those induced by exogenous interferon were found as early as day 8 in C3H mice which produced the highest amount of interferon. Further studies could not be performed in these mice since all died by day 14. Balb/c mice produced the lowest amount of interferon and had very mild ultrastructural lesions. An intermediate pattern was found in Swiss mice. After 30 days of infection, severe immune complex type glomerulonephritis detectable by light microscopy and immunofluorescence was observed in Swiss mice whereas mild lesions only were found in Balb/c mice. Circulating immune complexes were present in both strains but in greater amounts in Swiss than Balb/c mice. These results suggest that two factors at least are important in the development of glomerulonephritis: interferon produced early in life and the load of circulating immune complexes.
An ultrastructural study of the origin and function of basophilic degeneration in human cardiac muscle—cardiac colloid. Type 1
Authors: Gregory M. A. , Olmesdahl P. J. , Whitton I. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe myofibres in biopsies obtained from the left ventricle during cardiopulmonary bypass, in patients undergoing surgery for mitral and aortic valve replacement and the correction of atrial septal defect, contained inclusions thought to be type 1 cardiac colloid. Electron microscopy showed this material to be synthesised by and contained within a grossly dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of membrane‐bound aggregates of non‐fibrillar sarcoplasmic organelles within colloid deposits, together with osmiophilic inclusions thought to be related to lipofuscin, both within and moving from this structure, suggest that type 1 cardiac colloid is an autophagic vacuole designed to degrade ageing or redundant sarcoplasmic organelles.
Comparative histology of the mouse bladder following initial infection and re‐infection with Escherichia coli
Authors: Sivan Yaacov , Griffel Benjamin , Medalia Ora , Aronson Moshe 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study continues our investigation of the bladder antimicrobial mechanisms following bacterial infection.Since the process of spontaneous clearance of bacteria (E. coli) from the mouse bladder is greatly accelerated upon re‐infection, a histopathological comparison was made of initially infected (II) versus re‐infected (RI) mice. It was reconfirmed that the spontaneous clearance upon re‐infection is indeed much faster than after the initial infection. There were morphological differences between these two courses of infection, as well as in the localization and composition of the inflammatory response. Thus cellular infiltration was more evident in the epithelium of the II mice, whereas the RI animals displayed increased cellular exudation in the lamina propria. It was also found that the dominant cell in the II mouse is the granulocyte and in the RI mouse—lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. This last finding is suggestive of a local immunological process. The overall results are consistent with the notion that a local immune response develops in the infected bladder and participates in the enhanced clearance in RI animals.
Studies on the relationship between proteinuria and glomerular ultrastructural change in hyperalbuminaemic female wistar rats
Authors: Lawrence Gillian M. , Brewer D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIncreased albumin filtration was shown to cause glomerular epithelial cell foot process loss in female Wistar rats made hyperalbuminaemic by means of a series of intraperitoneal bovine albumin injections. It appeared to act by stimulating glomerular epithelial cell endocytosis with the result that protein droplets and vacuoles accumulated within the epithelium causing marked cytoplasmic swelling which forced the foot processes to spread out and fuse. The severity of this glomerular ultra‐structural damage rose with increasing bovine albumin dose and correlated well with induced proteinuria.
A new reproducible experimental model of analgesic nephropathy
Authors: Henry M. A. , Sweet R. S. , Tange J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe uninephrectomised homozygous Gunn rat is more sensitive than other experimental animals to the nephrotoxic effects of analgesics. Phenacetin derivatives produce severe necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and aspirin and phenazone renal papillary necrosis. The observations suggest that the components of compound analgesic preparations have separate and complementary nephrotoxic effects, and this is a possible factor contributing to the association of analgesic nephropathy with abuse of such preparations.
Myeloid bodies in drug‐induced acute tubular necrosis
Authors: Jao Wellington , Manaligod Jose R. , Gerardo Leo T. , Castillo Manuel M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA growing list of drugs, metals, and chemicals has been implicated as the cause of functional and structural damage specifically to the proximal tubular epithelium. Renal biopsies were obtained from three patients who had developed nephrotoxic agent‐related acute renal failure. Two of the patients had received gentamicin and viomycin; the third patient had heavy exposure to chromium. All three biopsies showed acute tubular necrosis (ATN) on light microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that the proximal tubular cells and, to a lesser degree, the distal tubular cells, contained abundant, variably sized myeloid bodies. In our previous experimental study of viomycin‐induced ATN in rats, similar ultrastructural findings of a gradual increase in the number of myeloid bodies in the proximal tubular cells were also observed.The constant presence of myeloid bodies in the tubular epithelial cells following drug‐induced tubular necrosis suggests that they may represent lysosomal isolation of drug‐bound cytoplasmic structures, as a cellular mechanism to degrade toxic substances and, therefore, may serve as an ultrastructural marker of cellular drug uptake and drug disposition.
Ultrastructural appearances of acute renal papillary lesions induced by aspirin
Authors: Henry M. A. , Tange J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRenal papillary necrosis develops 16 hr after intravenous administration of aspirin to the uninephrectomised homozygous Gunn rat. Ultrastructural studies show the papillary interstitial cells to be most severely affected, the first changes being visible at 1 hr. Changes in capillaries are late in onset, and this suggests that the lesions are due to a direct toxic effect rather than to ischaemia.
The uptake of horseradish peroxidase and its subsequent redistribution by guinea pig gallbladder in vivo
Authors: Coghill S. B. , Hopwood D. , Milne G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the emptied gallbladder of guinea pigs at laparotomy. The fate of the HRP was observed by light and electron microscopy over the following 2 hr. Within 5 min. HRP appeared in pits and apical vesicles either as a rim of increased electron density or more evenly distributed throughout the pit or vesicle. The pits and vesicles were more frequently seen at the edge of the cell apex. From 15 min. HRP was identified in the basolateral cell space in increasing quantities with spill over through the basement membrane into the lamina propria: by 30 min. and 2 hr, little further change was observed. The quantity of nonspecific electron density in epithelial cell multivesicular bodies and residual bodies made the assessment of intracellular handling of the HRP impossible. Dilution of the HRP in the lamina propria made the identification of the eventual fate of the HRP difficult to determine.
Differential toxicity of methylglyoxal‐bis[guanylhydrazone]
Authors: Dewey D. L. , Gaugas J. M. , Stratford M. R. L. , Minchinton A. I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe toxicity to cultured cells of the cancer chemotherapeutic agent methylglyoxal‐bis[guanylhydrazone] (MGBG) varies considerably between different cell lines and is always more toxic in the absence of exogenous polyamine. We have looked at the relative MGBG toxicity of two different murine melanoma tumour cell lines (Harding‐Passey and Cloudman) and normal murine fibroblasts, and found wide variation with no correlation in sensitivity to MGBG between tumour and normal cells. High sensitivity to MGBG may be associated with high transport across the cell membrane.
The lectin binding affinity of Reed‐Sternberg cells
Authors: Morris Christine S. , Stuart A. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractReed‐Sternberg cells from ten cases of Hodgkin's disease were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique, for their affinity for nine lectins. The surrounding lymphocytes and monocytes of HD tissue were also assessed for their ability to bind lectins. RS cells showed considerable heterogeneity of reaction. Overall, there was a marked decrease in the binding of most of the lectins studied in HD cases as compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This was particularly evident for RCA, PHA and PNA binding. It is suggested that there is a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, with fewer lectin‐binding sites on both RS cells and on the mononuclear cell populations in Hodgkin's disease. Further quantitative work is required to verify this.
Application of in‐vitro techniques to determine proliferation in human sarcoid lymph nodes
Authors: van der Gaag R. D. , van Maarsseveen A. C. M. Th. , Broekhuizen‐Davies J. M. , Stam J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSarcoidosis is suggested to be a granulomatous disease with high‐turnover characteristics. In this paper the turnover of the inflammatory cells (the epithelioid cells) in lymph node granulomas from sarcoidosis patients is described. Uniform slices of granulomatous lymph nodes were incubated with 3H‐thymidine; autoradiographically the DNA‐synthesizing cells, parameter for local proliferation, were detected and the L.I. (labelling index) was determined.We observed mostly low‐turnover reactions, incidentally granulomas with high‐turnover characteristics are found within the same lymph node.The uptake of 3H‐TdR demonstrates that these granulomas could be in different stages of activation.
Cutaneous basophil associated resistance to ectoparasites (ticks). Electron microscopy of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larval feeding sites in actively sensitised guinea pigs and recipients of immune serum
Authors: McLaren Diane J. , Worms M. J. , Askenase P. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectron microscopy has been used to monitor cellular activity in dermal lesions elicited by larval Rhipicephalus appendiculatus feeding on actively sensitised guinea pigs and recipients of immune serum. The early primary response is characterised by mononuclear cells, many of which appear to be activated fibroblasts. Collagen deposition is enhanced as the reaction progresses. Granulocytes of all types appear in the lesion between 18 and 96 hr but they show no evidence of degranulation. Free, membrane‐bounded eosinophil and basophil secretion granules may, however, be identified in the dermis at day 5 or 6, but they seem to be liberated as a consequence of cellular disruption, rather than active degranulation. Some feeding sites resume a normal morphology by day 7. Lesions induced in actively sensitised hosts by a secondary feeding tick population are dominated by basophils. These cells begin to infiltrate the dermis within 6 hr and they show evidence of anaphylactic degranulation at 12 hr. Maximal release of membrane‐free secretion granules occurs at about 18 hr post‐attachment, at which time eosinophils become prominent. Degranulating basophils show a reduction in numbers from 24 to 96 hr, and phagocytic macrophages ingest residual granules and cellular debris. Guinea pigs sensitised with immune serum and subjected to challenge exhibit lesions similar to but less dramatic than those of actively sensitised and challenged animals. Anaphylactic degranulation of basophils occurs both in the dermis and within blood vessels. The immunological consequences of these events are discussed in relation to other models of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.
Collagen production by human mesothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Harvey W. , Amlot P. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSerous effusions from a variety of malignant and non‐malignant conditions were found to contain cells which had the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of mesothelial cells. In culture they were the predominant cell type and synthesised large quantities of the interstitial collagens type I and III, with the proportion of type III frequently approaching or exceeding 50 per cent. There was no evidence that they synthesised basement membrane collagen chains of type IV or type V. Since mesothelial cells are assumed to secrete the mesothelial basement membrane, the synthesis of interstitial collagens by desquamated mesothelial cells appears to reflect a change in the phenotype of collagen synthesis. We suggest that this change may be an important factor in the fibrosis of the serosal wall which frequently accompanies diseases with chronic serious effusion.
Histopathology of experimental Legionnaires' disease in guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets
Authors: Baskerville A. , Fitzgeorge R. B. , Broster M. , Hambleton P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGuinea pigs, rhesus monkeys and marmosets were infected with L. pneumophila in small particle aerosols. Fever and acute fibrinopurulent pneumonia resulted. The lesions involved distal lung tissue only, spreading from terminal and respiratory bronchioles and producing heavy infiltration of alveoli by polymorphs and macrophages and widespread exudation of oedema fluid and fibrin. Lesions were not found in extra‐pulmonary sites.
The potential aggressiveness of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fassbender H. G. , Simmling‐Annefeld Marliese 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOperation specimens of articular tissue from about 8000 patients with clinically evident rheumatoid arthritis have been studied by light microscopy and in 583 cases by electron microscopy over a period of several years. We examined the tissue in closest contact with eroded cartilage. In approximately 70 per cent. of cases this was a fibrous pannus of compact collagenous connective tissue with few fibrocytes; in approximately 25 per cent. of cases a pannus, consisting of loose granulation tissue, moderately rich in collagen fibres, fibroblasts, and small blood vessels; in approximately 5 per cent. of cases, however, we found, that the zone in close contact consisted of uniform layers of immature‐looking synovial cells with large nuclei. These immature‐looking cells encroach on the cartilage from the junction of synovium with the articular cartilage. The development of these aggressive cell structures seemed to be preceded by a fibrinous inflammatory exudate. The cells contain lysosomal enzymes which are able to destroy prcteoglycans and collagen fibres and could therefore be the basis of erosion of cartilage. The cell structures seem to be short‐lived and they are avascular at least initially. Most of the cells seem to die within a few days. The remaining cells assume the appearance of fibroblasts and form the later pannus. The cell content decreases as the pannus gets older. It is suggested that the destruction of articular cartilage takes place only during the short time in which these aggressive cell structures are present. The erosive synovial cells may however reappear during the intermittent course of the disease, after episodes of quiescence and acute inflammation.
The reversible detachment and deposition of surfactant and of pulmonary macrophages during bronchopulmonary lavage in the rat
Authors: Phizackerley P. J. R. , Newman G. E. , Smith H. , Cooper J. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA procedure is described for carrying out repetitive bronchopulmonary lavage in the rat, in which a given volume of iavage fluid is introduced into the lungs from a reservoir and then withdrawn from the lungs back into the reservoir, the process being repeated a number of times. During this procedure there is a nett release of endogenous surfactant and macrophages from the lungs. [14C] pulmonary surfactant was prepared from rats previously injected intravenously with [1‐14C] palmitate, and pulmonary macrophages labelled with 85Sr were prepared from rats which had received by intratracheal injection a suspension of fused clay particles labelled with 85Sr. It was shown by carrying out repetitive bronchopulmonary lavage with 0.15M‐NaCl containing either exogenous [14C]‐surfactant or [85Sr]‐macrophages that the release of endogenous surfactant and macrophages from the lung into the lavage fluid occurred concomitantly with the retention within the lung of radioactive exogenous surfactant and macrophages from the lavage fluid. It is concluded that the process of surfactant and macrophage detachment during bronchopulmonary lavage is reversible and that the exchange processes are of substantial magnitude.
The role of plasma factors in the adherence of leucocytes to vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sedgwick A. D. , Mackay A. R. , Bates M. B. , Willoughby D. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractStudies have been undertaken to search for humoral factors present in the plasma from animals undergoing inflammation which may promote specific cell types to adhere to vascular endothelium. We have tested both plasma from animals with “acute” pleural inflammation and animals with “chronic” carrageenan air pouch granulomata for the presence of leucocyte pro‐adhesive activity. Plasma from animals with carrageenan pleurisy had augmented polymorph adhesive activity. This activity was absent in the plasma from animals with air pouch granulomata. No such pro‐adhesive activity for mononuclear cells was detected in this plasma. We conclude that the initial influx of polymorphs during the early stages of inflammation may in part be due to systemic pro‐adhesive factors. It is proposed that these factors in combination with chemotaxins released at the lesion site are responsible for the early dominance of polymorphs.