bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remineralisation study of artificial root caries lesions after fluoride treatment. An in vitro study using Electric Caries Monitor and Transversal Micro‐Radiography
Authors: Petersson Lars G. , Kambara Masaki 
Published: May 2004

Aims:  To evaluate and compare remineralisation of root caries lesions after in vitro treatment with various fluoride (F) agents using an Electric Caries Monitor (ECM) and Transversal Micro‐Radiography (TMR).Materials:  Permanent human teeth were extracted and root surface specimens were sectioned, prepared (n = 35), and randomly allocated into seven different experimental groups (groups 1–7).Methods:  Root surfaces were demineralised in an acidified gel (pH = 5.0) for 3 weeks followed by various F treatments and stored in a standardised remineralising solution at 37°C for 6 weeks. The root surfaces were treated twice daily with different dentifrice slurries for 2 min, either with a neutral placebo dentifrice without F (group 5); or a neutral sodium fluoride (NaF) 1400 p.p.m. F dentifrice (group 1); or a neutral 1250 p.p.m. F dentifrice (group 6); or an acid dentifrice (pH 4.7) with 1400 p.p.m. F containing amine fluoride (AmF) (groups 3 and 4) or a 1250 p.p.m. (pH 4.7) AmF dentifrice (group 6). In groups 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7, the root surfaces were additionally rinsed for 2 min with a neutral non‐F placebo solution. In groups 3 and 4, rinsing were performed for 2 min with an acid (pH 4.7) 250 p.p.m. F solution, containing 125 p.p.m. F as AmF and 125 p.p.m. F as potassium fluoride (KF), once or twice per day respectively. ECM was used to measure electrical resistance on root surfaces at baseline and after 3 and 6 weeks respectively. TMR technique was used to measure and compare root surface lesion depths and mineral loss.Results:  Six weeks daily treatment with a dentifrice slurry containing AmF followed by rinsing with a combination of equal amounts of AmF and KF solution twice a day showed a statistical significant higher ECM values compared with the other groups. TMR data measuring lesion depths and mineral loss reduction supported the results of the ECM findings.Conclusions:  Daily application of a dentifrice slurry containing 1400 p.p.m. F as AmF combined with twice daily rinsing with a 250 p.p.m. F solution containing equal amount of AmF and KF significantly remineralise primary root caries lesions in vitro. ECM and TMR are valuable complementary methods in order to analyse the remineralisation processes.
Masticatory performance in 80‐year‐old individuals
Authors: Tatematsu Masashi , Mori Takashi , Kawaguchi Toyozo , Takeuchi Kazuo , Hattori Masami , Morita Ichizo , Nakagaki Haruo , Kato Kazuo , Murakami Taeko , Tuboi Shinji , Hayashizaki Junko , Murakami Hiroshi , Yamamoto Morimasa , Ito Yutaka 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  To evaluate the masticatory performance of elderly people at the age of 80 years.Subjects:  A total of 283 individuals of 80 years of age took part in a general and dental health survey.Main outcome measures:  A dental examination including the number of remaining teeth, occlusion, prostheses, bite force recording, and a questionnaire regarding masticatory performance were recorded.Setting:  Five municipalities (Okazaki city, Tokoname city, Tahara town, Atsumi town and Minami‐chita town) in Aichi prefecture, Japan.Results:  There were 20 or more teeth in 7.4% subjects, and 44.5% were edentulous. Subjects with no occlusion accounted for 77.4% of the total. Subjects with prostheses accounted for 90.8%. Maximum bite force and masticatory ability score for patients with 20 or more teeth or not wearing prostheses were higher than other groups. The non‐wearing prostheses group had a low masticatory ability score.Conclusion:  Most of the 80‐year‐old individuals recovered their masticatory ability with the assistance of prostheses. Several individuals with 20 or more remaining teeth or without removable dentures present in both jaws had a high score for bite forces and masticatory abilities.
Use of a mandibular advancement device in patients with congestive heart failure and sleep apnoea
Authors: Eskafi Mahmoud , Ekberg EwaCarin , Cline Charles , Israelsson Bo , Nilner Maria 
Published: May 2004

Objective:  To evaluate the practical use of the mandibular advancement device (MAD) for treatment of sleep apnoea (SA) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) over 1 year.Subjects:  Twenty‐five patients aged 66 ± 8 years (mean ± SD) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study.Design:  In a prospective, clinical trial, the apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI), a measure of SA, was determined with a portable device. Failure to enter treatment and compliance, adverse events and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were examined before intervention and 4–6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after intervention.Results:  Six patients had removable dentures of whom four had complete dentures. Before treatment, eight patients reported minor symptoms of TMD. The AHI fell from 19.3 ± 12.1 to 11.8 ± 9.5 (p = 0.004) with use of the device. In most patients, use of the MAD had no severe effects on the signs and symptoms of TMD. Adverse events such as pain in the temporomandibular joints, soreness in the teeth, and tiredness in the jaws were reported by 10 patients. Dental complications were observed in two patients. Sixty‐four per cent of the patients were still using the MAD at the 1‐year follow‐up.Conclusions:  Both the general and oral health of CHF patients were important in treatment with a MAD. The MAD therapy had no severe effect on the masticatory system and edentulous patients could be treated.
FROM IMAGE FEATURES TO SYMBOLS AND VICE VERSA — USING GRAPHS TO LOOP DATA- AND MODEL-DRIVEN PROCESSING IN VISUAL ASSEMBLY RECOGNITION
Authors: BAUCKHAGE CHRISTIAN , BRAUN ELKE , SAGERER GERHARD 
Published: May 2004

Graphs and graph matching are powerful mechanisms for knowledge representation, pattern recognition and machine learning. Especially in computer vision their application is manifold. Graphs can characterize relations among image features like points or regions but they may also represent symbolic object knowledge. Hence, graph matching can accomplish recognition tasks on different levels of abstraction. In this contribution, we demonstrate that graphs may also bridge the gap between different levels of knowledge representation. We present a system for visual assembly monitoring that integrates bottom-up and top-down strategies for recognition and automatically generates and learns graph models to recognize assembled objects. Data-driven processing is subdived into three stages: first, elementary objects are recognized from low-level image features. Then, clusters of elementary objects are analyzed syntactically; if an assembly structure is found, it is translated into a graph that uniquely models the assembly. Finally, symbolic models like this are stored in a database so that individual assemblies can be recognized by means of graph matching. At the same time, these graphs enable top-down knowledge propagation: they are transformed into graphs which represent relations between image features and thus describe the visual appearance of the recently found assembly. Therefore, due to model-driven knowledge propagation assemblies may subsequently be recognized from graph matching on a lower computational level and tedious bottom-up processing becomes superfluous.
Epidemiology of Nephrolithiasis Today
Authors: Amato M. , Lusini M.L. , Nelli F. 
Published: May 2004

The epidemiology of nephrolithiasis differs according to geographical area and socio-economic conditions. In Italy the prevalence of the disease in 1993 was 17.2/1,000 inhabitants, most patients are men and elderly. The relative risk increased in subjects with family history for calculosis, with the tendency to eat protein-rich food and with overweight and body mass index (MBI) >32 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Calcium oxalate and/or phosphate stones account for almost 70% of all renal stones observed in economically developed countries.
Effects of Hyperosmolar Agents – Lactulose, Lactitol, Sodium Phosphate and Polyethylene Glycol – on Cecal Coliform Bacteria during Traditional Bowel Cleansing: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Demirogullari B. , Poyraz A. , Cirak M.Y. , Sonmez K. , Ozen I.O. , Kulah C. , Karabulut B. , Basaklar A.C. , Kale N. 
Published: May 2004

Mechanical bowel cleansing is considered to be necessary prior to colorectal surgery, some radiological or endoscopic procedures, and for fecal disimpaction. Traditional bowel cleansing (TBC) with cathartics and enemas is a method of mechanical bowel cleansing for patients who have restrictive factors for whole-bowel irrigation (WBI), such as excessive fecal impaction, cardiac, hepatic or renal disorders. In this experimental study, TBC with hyperosmolar agents was evaluated in terms of their effects on colonic flora and bacterial translocation (BT). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. The animals, except controls, were not fed for 72 h but received tap water ad libitum. During this period, lactulose, lactitol, sodium phosphate (NaP), polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG3350) and physiological saline gavages were administered to the rats in groups 1–5, respectively, once a day. All animals except controls (group 6) received enemas with 15 ml of warm saline twice a day. The cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and portal vein blood were sampled for microbiological and histopathological analysis. The highest level of coliform bacterial overgrowth and BT to MLNs were observed in the lactulose group, although the others, except the saline and control groups, also caused some degree of BT. Portal vein cultures were negative for all groups. Histopathological damage was not associated with cecal bacterial count and BT. As a result of this study, PEG3350 seems to be safer and more effective than lactulose, lactitol and NaP during TBC.
Long-Term Deterioration of Lung Function in Asthmatic Outpatients
Authors: Kupczyk Maciej , Kupryś Izabela , Górski Paweł , Kuna Piotr 
Published: May 2004

<i>Background:</i> Although the long-term deterioration of lung function in asthmatic patients has been described, the exact mechanism remains to be determined. <i>Objectives:</i> The aim of this study was to find correlations between age, sex, atopic status, duration of asthma, asthma severity and the decline in pulmonary function. <i>Method:</i> The medical histories of 1,006 randomly chosen asthmatic outpatients were studied and retrospective data on asthma duration, spirometry results, treatment and symptomatology were gathered. A screening spirometry was performed. <i>Results:</i> 598 women and 408 men (age: 44.59, range 12–95 years) participated in the study. Intermittent asthma was diagnosed in 35.4%, chronic mild asthma in 33.4%, moderate asthma in 23.8% and severe asthma in 7.45% of the patients. Statistically significant correlations between patient age, asthma duration and lung function measurements were found. Linear regression revealed the following differences in lung functions per year of asthma duration: FEV<sub>1</sub>: –0.882% of predicted; FVC: –0.509% of predicted; FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC: –0.324% of predicted. The unadjusted annual decline was 80.1 ml/year (p = 0.00003) in FEV<sub>1</sub> and 20.5 ml/year (p = 0.036) in FVC. A multiple regression model revealed that asthma severity appears to be the strongest factor influencing pulmonary function (β = –0.55, p < 0.001 for FEV<sub>1</sub>). Also, significant associations between pulmonary function measurements, patient age, atopic status and male sex were noted. <i>Conclusions:</i> The results of this large cohort study show that asthmatic patients develop a progressive decline in pulmonary function correlated with age, sex, duration of asthma and asthma severity. Early diagnosis and intervention is necessary to ameliorate any potential negative impact of asthma on lung function.
Combating Coevolutionary Disengagement by Reducing Parasite Virulence
Authors: Cartlidge John , Bullock Seth 
Published: May 2004

While standard evolutionary algorithms employ a static, absolute fitness metric, co-evolutionary algorithms assess individuals by their performance relative to populations of opponents that are themselves evolving. Although this arrangement offers the possibility of avoiding long-standing difficulties such as premature convergence, it suffers from its own unique problems, cycling, over-focusing and disengagement. Here, we introduce a novel technique for dealing with the third and least explored of these problems. Inspired by studies of natural host-parasite systems, we show that disengagement can be avoided by selecting for individuals that exhibit reduced levels of “virulence”, rather than maximum ability to defeat coevolutionary adversaries. Experiments in both simple and complex domains are used to explain how this counterintuitive approach may be used to improve the success of coevolutionary algorithms.
A Reconsideration of the Aphrodite-Ashtart Syncretism
Authors: Budin Stephanie 
Published: May 2004

AbstractScholars have long recognized a one-to-one correspondence, or interpretatio syncretism, between the Greek goddess Aphrodite and the Phoenician goddess Ashtart (Astarte). The origin of this syncretism is usually attributed to the eastern origins of Aphrodite herself, whereby the Greek goddess evolved out of the Phoenician, as is suggested as early as the writings of Herodotos. In contrast to this understanding, I argue here that the perceived syncretism actually emerged differently on the island of Cyprus than throughout the rest of the Mediterranean. On Cyprus, the syncretism emerged out of an identification between the two queen goddesses of Cyprus - Aphrodite and Ashtart. In Greece, by contrast, it evolved out of a slow "Orientalizing" of Aphrodite combined with a Greek tendency to equate almost all eastern goddesses. As a result, the identification between Aphrodite and Ashtart was quite general, and both goddesses were syncretized not only with each other, but with a full range of Mediterranean goddesses.
The Buddhist Dimension of John
Authors: Derrett J. Duncan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractMany features of the Fourth Gospel have hitherto found no source and commentators are confined to imagination. Meanwhile Buddhists' use of Greek, Roman and Jewish materials is established. It turns out, from a close examination of twelve instances, that Buddhist traditions, found in Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna sources, contemporary in essence with St John, offered the latter an opportunity to make his gospel attractive to contemporary targets of Buddhist missions, groups for whom Moses was not a commanding figure. Buddhists would recognise Jesus, already known from "synoptic" or para-synoptic materials, as a Bodhisattva, now a Buddha, who like Gautama promised a Paraclete, strongly resembling Maitreya in character and function.
Molecular mechanism of violacein-mediated human leukemia cell death
Authors: Ferreira Carmen Veríssima , Bos Carina L. , Versteeg Henri H. , Justo Giselle Z. , Durán Nelson , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Violacein, a pigment isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum in the Amazon River, presents diverse biologic properties and attracts interest as a consequence of its antileukemic activity. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism mediating this activity will provide further relevant information for understanding its effects on the cellular physiology of untransformed cells and for considering its possible clinical application. Here, we show that violacein causes apoptosis in HL60 leukemic cells but is ineffective in this respect in other types of leukemia cells or in normal human lymphocytes and monocytes. Violacein cytotoxicity in HL60 cells was preceded by activation of caspase 8, transcription of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) target genes, and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. Thus, violacein effects resemble tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) signal transduction in these cells. Accordingly, infliximab, an antibody that antagonizes TNF-α–induced signaling abolished the biologic activity of violacein. Moreover, violacein directly activated TNF receptor 1 signaling, because a violacein-dependent association of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) to this TNF receptor was observed in coimmunoprecipitation experiments. Hence, violacein represents the first member of a novel class of cytotoxic drugs mediating apoptosis of HL60 cells by way of the specific activation of TNF receptor 1.
Results of a Phase II Study of Weekly Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin in Patients With Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 2, or Age ≥ 70 Years
Authors: Neubauer Marcus , Schwartz Jonathan , Caracandas John , Conkling Paul , Ilegbodu Des , Tuttle Troy , Asmar Lina 
Published: May 2004

Purpose To determine the 1-year survival, response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP), and safety of weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin (PC) in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer (ESCLC) with an Eastern Cooperative Performance Status performance status (PS) of 2 or an age ≥ 70 years. Patients and Methods Patients were treated with PC (paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve = 2) by intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 4-week cycle for up to six cycles. Results Between July 2000 and December 2001, 77 eligible patients (50.6% were male, 97.4% were white, 44.2% had PS of 2, with median age of 74 years) with ESCLC were enrolled. Among the 66 patients who were assessable for response, 25 responded to treatment (one complete response and 24 partial responses), for an objective RR of 38%. There were eight cases of stable disease (12.1%) and 33 cases of progressive disease (50%). The median survival was 7.2 months (range, < 1 to 24.4 months), and the estimated 1-year survival rate was 30%. The median TTP was 3.5 months (range, < 1 to 21.2 months), and the estimated 1-year progression-free survival rate was 8%. The median duration of response was 4.5 months (range, 1.6 to 17.5 months). One death (sepsis) was possibly related to the study drugs. Grades 3 and 4 toxicities experienced by ≥ 5% of patients included neutropenia (22.1%), fatigue (8.6%), anemia (5.2%), and nausea/vomiting (5.2%). Conclusion This regimen produced relatively few toxicities (only two of the 66 assessable patients received fewer than two cycles because of toxicity), and both the median and 1-year survival were similar to other regimens. This regimen may be a preferable treatment choice for patients with ESCLC who have a poor PS or who are aged ≥ 70 years.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polycrystalline CeO2 Nanowires
Authors: Sun Chunwen , Li Hong , Wang ZhaoXiang , Chen Liquan , Huang Xuejie 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Polycrystalline CeO2 nanowires have been synthesized via a solution-phase route using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate as a structure-directing agent. The obtained CeO2 nanowires were 30–120 nm in diameters and 0.2–5 μm in lengths. The CeO2 nanowire consists of many tiny interconnected nanocrystallites of about 7 nm in size. The Raman spectrum of CeO2 nanowires shows size-dependent effect.
Zinc-mediated Coupling Reaction of 2-Bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoate with Various Chiral Imines. Simple and Effective Access to Optically Active α-Fluoro-α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-amino Esters
Authors: Sekiguchi Takashi , Sato Kei , Ishihara Takashi , Konno Tsutomu , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The reactions of benzyl 2-bromo-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoate with various types of chiral imines in the presence of zinc in THF at room temperature were revealed to afford the threo- and erythro-isomers of α-fluoro-α-(trifluoromethyl)-β-amino esters with high diasteremeric excesses in fair to good chemical yields.
A New Lewis Acid System Palladium/TMSCl for Catalytic Aldol Condensation of Aldehydes with Ketones
Authors: Zhu Yulin , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Palladium on charcoal effectively catalyzed the aldol condensation reactions of different ketones with aldehydes in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl). The following reactions were investigated: (1) aromatic aldehydes with cycloalkanones, (2) aromatic aldehydes with aromatic ketones, (3) cycloalkanones with aliphatic aldehydes, and (4) the self-condensation reactions of aliphatic aldehydes and cycloalkanones.
A Novel Electrochemical Method for Preparation of Thin Films of Layered Manganese Oxides
Authors: Nakayama Masaharu , Konishi Sayaka , Tanaka Akihiro , Ogura Kotaro 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Thin films of layered manganese oxides with alkylammonium and alkali-metal ions in the interlayer were formed on a platinum electrode by a one-step electrochemical route. The interlayer distance was determined by the size of the electrolyte cations used.
Controlling the Morphology and Mesostructural Orderness of the Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Chao Man-Chien , Lin Hong-Ping , Mou Chung-Yuan 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Using an acid-hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of surfactant and a fast self-assembling reaction at desired pH value (9.0–5.0) could obtain mesoporous silica nanorods or nanoparticulates.
The Synthesis of 1,4-Diketones via a One-pot Five-component Connecting Reaction Based on Two Acylations of Organozincs Promoted by the Catalysis of a Pd(0) Species
Authors: Yuguchi Motoki , Tokuda Masao , Orito Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Unsymmetrical 1,4-diketones were produced via a one-pot five-component connecting reaction based on two kinds of Pd(0)-catalyzed acylations of organozincs using acryloyl chloride and TMSCl in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide.
Structure and Luminescence of a Dinuclear Copper Complex Bridged by a Diphosphine Ligand
Authors: Tsubomura Taro , Takahashi Naoki , Saito Ken , Tsukuda Toshiaki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A new dinuclear copper(I) complex containing two 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline ligands and a bridging diphosphine ligand has been prepared. The structure of the complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography. A considerable blue shift was observed for the solid-state photoluminescence and absorption spectra of the complex as compared with the mononuclear mixed-ligand complex.
Low-Viscous, Low-Melting, Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids: 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Bin , Matsumoto Hajime , Tatsumi Kuniaki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
New hydrophobic ionic liquids, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl) trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate ([CF3BF3]−), have been synthesized by a metathesis reaction between 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide and K[CF3BF3]. All these new ionic liquids exhibit low viscosities (26–77 cP at 25 °C) and low melting points, resulting in high conductivities correspondingly.
Selective Binding and Cleavage of DNA by Stereoisomers of N,N′-Bis(phenanthrolin-2-yl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Conjugates, and Their Copper Complexes
Authors: Hayashi Keigo , Nakajima Ryouko , Kiyosawa Isao , Ozaki Hiroaki , Sawai Hiroaki 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Stereoisomers, trans-RR, trans-SS, and cis forms, of N,N′-bis(phenanthrolin-2-yl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine conjugates were prepared, and their DNA binding activity was evaluated. The copper complexes of the conjugates (ligand:Cu(II) = 1:1 and 1:2) cleave DNA in the same order of the DNA binding activity of the conjugates, trans-RR &gt; cis &gt; trans-SS.