bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of enzymatic Maillard reaction conditions on physicochemical properties, nutrition, fatty acids composition and key aroma compounds of fragrant rapeseed oil
Authors: Huang He , Chu Baijun , Yuan Qiaona , Gao Pan , Zhong Wu , Yin Jiaojiao , Hu Chuanrong , He Dongping , Jiang Xiaoming , Wang Xingguo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDA new enzymatic hydrolysis‐based process inspired by the Maillard reaction can produce strong flavored, high‐value rapeseed oil that meets safety requirements. In the present study, the effect of reaction time (10–30 min) and temperature (130–160 °C) on the physicochemical properties, nutritional status, fatty acids composition and key aroma compounds of fragrant rapeseed oil (FRO) was investigated.RESULTSAn increasing reaction time and temperature substantially decreased the total tocopherol, polyphenol and sterol contents of FRO, but increased benzo[a]pyrene content, as well as the acid and peroxide values, which did not exceed the European Union legislation limit. Among the volatile components, 2,5‐dimethyl was the main substance contributing to the barbecue flavor of FRO. The 150 °C for 30 min reaction conditions produced a FRO with a strong, fragrant flavor, with high total tocopherol (560.15 mg kg−1), polyphenol (6.82 mg kg−1) and sterol (790.65 mg kg−1) contents; acceptable acid (1.60 mg g−1) and peroxide values (4.78 mg g−1); and low benzo[a]pyrene (1.39 mg g−1) content. These were the optimal conditions for the enzymatic Maillard reaction, according to the principal component analysis. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis showed that reaction temperature had a stronger effect on FRO than reaction time.CONCLUSIONThe optimal enzymatic Maillard reaction conditions for the production of FRO are heating at 150 °C for 30 min. These findings provide new foundations for better understanding the composition and flavor profile of FRO, toward guiding its industrial production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Complex bio‐nanoparticles assembled by a pH‐driven method: environmental stress stability and oil–water interfacial behavior
Authors: Chen Yan , Chen Xing , Luo Shunjing , Chen Tingting , Ye Jiangping , Liu Chengmei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein‐based nanoparticles have gained considerable interest in recent years due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functional properties. However, nanoparticles formed from hydrophobic proteins are prone to instability under environmental stress, which restricts their potential applications. It is therefore of great importance to develop green approaches for the fabrication of hydrophobic protein‐based nanoparticles and to improve their physicochemical performance.RESULTSGliadin/shellac complex nanoparticles (168.87 ~ 403.67 nm) with various gliadin/shellac mass ratios (10:0 ~ 5:5) were prepared using a pH‐driven approach. In comparison with gliadin nanoparticles, complex nanoparticles have shown enhanced stability against neutral pH, ions, and boiling. They remained stable under neutral conditions at NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mmol L−1 and even when boiled at 100 °C for 90 min. These nanoparticles were capable of effectively reducing oil–water interfacial tension (5 ~ 11 mNm−1) but a higher amount of shellac in the nanoparticles compromised their ability to lower interfacial tension. Moreover, the wettability of the nanoparticles changed as the gliadin/shellac mass ratio changed, leading to a range of three‐phase contact angles from 52.41° to 84.85°. Notably, complex nanoparticles with a gliadin/shellac mass ratio of 8:2 (G/S 8:2) showed a contact angle of 84.85°, which is considered suitable for the Pickering stabilization mechanism. Moreover, these nanoparticles exhibited the highest emulsifying activity of 52.42 m2 g−1 and emulsifying stability of 65.33%.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of the study revealed that gliadin/shellac complex nanoparticles exhibited excellent resistance to environmental stress and demonstrated superior oil–water interfacial behavior. They have strong potential for further development as food emulsifiers or as nano‐delivery systems for nutraceuticals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Serum beta‐defensin‐2 is a biomarker for psoriasis but not subclinical atherosclerosis: Role of IL17a, PI‐3 kinase and Rac1
Authors: Pantoja Carla J. , Li Haiou , Rodante Justin , Keel Andrew , Sorokin Alexander V. , Svedbom Axel , Teague Heather L. , Stahle Mona , Mehta Nehal N. , Playford Martin P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐defensins (BDs) are antimicrobial peptides secreted upon epithelial injury. Both chemotactic and antimicrobial properties of BDs function as initial steps in host defence and prime the adaptive immune system in the body. Psoriasis, a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory disease, has both visible cutaneous manifestations as well as known associations with higher incidence of cardiometabolic complications and vascular inflammation.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the circulating expression of beta‐defensin‐2 (BD2) in psoriasis at baseline compared to control subjects, along with changes in BD2 levels following biologic treatment at 1 year. The contribution of BD2 to subclinical atherosclerosis is also assessed. In addition, we have sought to unravel signalling mechanisms linking inflammation with BD2 expression.MethodsMultimodality imaging, as well as inflammatory biomarker assays, were performed in biological naïve psoriasis (n = 71) and non‐psoriasis (n = 53) subjects. A subset of psoriasis patients were followed for 1 year after biological intervention (antitumour necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], n = 30; anti‐interleukin17A [IL17A], n = 21). Measurements of circulating BD2 were completed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using HaCaT‐transformed keratinocytes, expression of BD2 upon cytokine treatment was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA.ResultsHerein, we confirm that human circulating BD2 levels are associated with psoriasis, which attenuate upon biological interventions (anti‐TNF‐α, anti‐IL‐17A). A link between circulating BD2 and subclinical atherosclerosis markers was not observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL‐17A‐driven BD2 expression occurs in a Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐kinase) and Rac1 GTPase‐dependent manner.ConclusionsOur findings expand on the potential role of BD2 as a tractable biomarker in psoriasis patients and describe the role of an IL‐17A‐PI3‐kinase/Rac signalling axis in regulating BD2 levels in keratinocytes.
Yogurt Prevents Colitis‐Associated Colorectal Cancer in Mice
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Yan Yongheng , Du Xinru , Zhang Hao , Li Haitao , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2023

ScopeEpidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation between yogurt consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether there is a cause‐and‐effect relationship has not yet been validated. This study aims to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of yogurt on colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in mice.Methods and resultsExperimental CAC is induced by azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg kg−1, ip) followed by three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 3%) treatment. Colitis is induced by adding DSS (3%) in drinking water for 5 days. Primary mouse macrophages are isolated for mechanistic studies. Data clearly show that yogurt (15 g kg−1 body weight) significantly reduces the multiplicity of colonic neoplasms by 38.83% in mice. Yogurt protects mice from colitis dependent on lactate receptor GPR81. The deficiency of Gpr81 exacerbates colitis and CAC in mice. Further investigation reveals that GPR81 may be dispensable for gut barrier function but essential for colonic mucosal repair. d‐lactate in yogurt can activate GPR81 to suppress proinflammatory macrophage polarization, thereby facilitating inflammatory resolution after colonic injury and consequently suppressing CAC progression.ConclusionYogurt effectively protects against colitis‐associated colorectal tumorigenesis in mice, and this study provides a rationale for introducing yogurt supplementation to patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.
Computational approaches to identify sites of phosphorylation
Authors: Joyce Alex W. , Searle Brian C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to their oftentimes ambiguous nature, phosphopeptide positional isomers can present challenges in bottom‐up mass spectrometry‐based workflows as search engine scores alone are often not enough to confidently distinguish them. Additional scoring algorithms can remedy this by providing confidence metrics in addition to these search results, reducing ambiguity. Here we describe challenges to interpreting phosphoproteomics data and review several different approaches to determine sites of phosphorylation for both data‐dependent and data‐independent acquisition‐based workflows. Finally, we discuss open questions regarding neutral losses, gas‐phase rearrangement, and false localization rate estimation experienced by both types of acquisition workflows and best practices for managing ambiguity in phosphosite determination.
Insights into the β‐phase of polyfluorene: characterization, regulation, and mechanism
Authors: Niu Lichun , Yang Qianqian , Li Chenxu , He Zeming , Xin Jingming , Liu Jiangang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDue to the unique blue‐light properties, wide excited emission interval and so on, polyfluorenes (PFs) are among the most promising blue‐light polymers that are widely used in organic lasers and organic light‐emitting diodes. Usually, PFs exhibit two different phases: α‐phase and β‐phase, and the β‐phase has higher photoluminescence efficiency and carrier mobility than the one of α‐phase. Hence, improving the content of β‐phase is very important to enhance the device performance. In this paper, we introduce the methods for characterizing the β‐phase in PFs and summarize the recent research progress in regulating the β‐phase content. Firstly, the differences between the α‐phase and the β‐phase of PFs in terms of structure, aggregation behavior, and optoelectronic properties are summarized. Then, the characterization for the β‐phase, including ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum (UV–vis), photoluminescence spectrum (PL), and Raman spectrum, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) are introduced, and the calculating rules for the content of β‐phase is also introduced. Furthermore, the methods to increase the content of β‐phase are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook on the challenges and future development prospects of β‐phase in PFs are discussed.
Antifungal activity of the botanical compound rhein against Phytophthora capsici and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Bi , Yang Jingjing , Zhao Xingzeng , Feng Xu , Xu Shu , Li Pirui , Li Linwei , Chen Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytophthora capsici is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic oomycete that causes huge economic losses. However, due to the drug resistance risk and environmental threat of chemical fungicides, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives. Rhein is a major medicinal ingredient of traditional Chinese herbs, and it is widely used in the medical field. However, its inhibitory effect against phytopathogens is unknown. Herein, the antifungal spectrum of rhein and its possible action mechanism against P. capsici were investigated.RESULTSRhein possessed broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogens, particularly P. capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Helminthosporium maydis, and Rhizoctonia solani. Rhein inhibited the mycelial growth as well as the spore germination of P. capsici with mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 4.68 μg mL−1 and 6.57 μg mL−1 against 117 P. capsici isolates, respectively. Rhein effectively suppressed the occurrence and spread of Phytophthora blight and significantly destroyed the cell membrane permeability and integrity of P. capsici, corroded its cell wall integrity, and damaged its morphology and ultrastructure. Moreover, rhein caused a considerable reduction in the phospholipid and cellulose contents. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling of P. capsici in response to rhein indicated significant reduction in the expression levels of genes participating in glycerolipid metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, rhein strengthened the disease defense system of pepper by enhancing related enzyme activities.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that rhein could effectively inhibit P. capsici using multiple mechanisms of action. Rhein has the potential to be an efficient alternative to control diseases caused by P. capsici. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Public willingness to pay for farmland non‐point source pollution governance toward sustainable development: A choice experiment in Gansu, China
Authors: Shi Yuxing , Li Chaoqiong , Zhao Minjuan , Qin Guoqing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClarifying public willingness to pay (WTP) for farmland non‐point source pollution (FNSP) governance helps to establish an ecological compensation mechanism with public participation. This will reduce China's agricultural pollution and its environmental and food safety consequences while promoting sustainable development. Nevertheless, research has yet to reveal the public WTP within China's FNSP governance policy framework. To this end, a “2030‐oriented FNSP governance program” choice experiment with specific FNSP governance measures (fertilizer reduction, pesticide reduction, straw resource utilization, and mulch film recycling) was conducted in Gansu Province to reveal the public WTP for FNSP governance and its key influencing factors. Results from mixed logit models show that urban residents' marginal WTP (MWTP) for improving the FNSP status quo and different measures for fertilizer reduction, pesticide reduction, straw resource utilization, and mulch film recycling is ¥151.62, ¥1.33, ¥7.3, ¥4.85, and ¥3.16 annually, respectively, indicating the highest preference for reducing pesticides because of food safety problems. Meanwhile, the average individual WTP for optimal FNSP governance schemes is ¥513.02 annually, accounting for only 3.86‰ of annual household income; the regional aggregate social welfare of optimal FNSP governance is as high as ¥2038.23 million, accounting for 2.81% of GDP in 2020. This means that FNSP governance can bring substantial social welfare with a low household economic burden. In addition, the perception that food safety has improved in the past 5 years or an awareness of food safety incidents can enhance the willingness of urban residents to change the status quo of FNSP: the more serious the respondents perceive food safety problems to be, the stronger the above effects, indicating the critical impact of food safety factors on the public's WTP for FNSP governance. The study's findings highlight the potential to find socially acceptable ways to promote FNSP governance as well as provide insight into the relevant policymaking process from the standpoint of public participation and food safety.
Capturing and quantifying the aggregate effects of multi‐source factors affecting miners' health and well‐being: Construction of Bayesian belief networks
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Sun Pengyi , Wang Biao , Li Ming , Tong Ruipeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFactors originating at the organizational, work, and individual levels are closely interrelated and intricately intertwined, affecting health rates. There was limited research on the interdependence and aggregate effects between multi‐source factors and occupational health and well‐being (OHW). It is challenging to achieve management goals. Therefore, considering cross‐level factors and across the “work environment‐stress‐exposure‐OHW” chain, individual vulnerability was considered. A Fuzzy Bayesian Belief Network (FBBN) driven by both domain knowledge and data was constructed to carve out the logic between multi‐source factors and OHW. Workers from four coal mines were surveyed twice in 6 months. 714 valid samples were included in the analysis. The interdependencies among multi‐source factors were identified by the Interpretive Structure Modeling method and the visual probability estimation was achieved based on FBBN. It revealed that the work and the organizational level were the root factors. Eight factors involved in work stress were mainly mediating, and actual exposure and individual vulnerability were direct factors. Pathway interventions and joint interventions were proposed. The prediction ability and scheme feasibility of FBBN were verified. The approach developed allows robust assessments of aggregate effects and obtains multi‐source factor importance. This study provides vital insights and evaluation tools for understanding workplace stress and OHW management.
Retroperitoneal Ewing's sarcoma in a woman with advanced breast cancer delineated by contrast‐enhanced ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Luo Haiyu , Mo Yongqian , Zhu Lizhang , Xie Haiqin , Sun Desheng , Zhong Jieyu , Hu Zhengming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExtraosseous Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor much rarer than skeletal Ewing's sarcoma. The synchronous or metachronous occurrence of advanced breast cancer with retroperitoneal Ewing's sarcoma is extremely rare. To date, only a few cases of extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound findings have been reported. This study aims to report a case of a retroperitoneal Ewing's sarcoma in a 39‐year‐old woman with advanced breast cancer, where grayscale ultrasound, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, and computed tomography findings were included. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography manifestation of retroperitoneal Ewing's sarcoma as a second primary tumor.
Effects of Okara and Its Dietary Fiber on the Retrogradation and Rheological Characteristics of Potato Starch
Authors: Zhuang Yang , Xu Weina , Wang Yudong , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the effects of okara and its dietary fiber (DF) on the retrogradation and rheological characteristics of potato starch. DF or okara increases the syneresis, but decrease the gel strength of potato starch with the increase of concentration. Storage modulus and loss modulus of potato starch are markedly increased with a high concentration of okara or DF during temperature sweep, especially DF. Shear‐thinning behavior and apparent viscosity of potato starch are increased with more addition of DF or okara. The X‐ray diffraction pattern demonstrates that okara or DF does not change the type of crystal structure but significantly increases the crystallinity of the starch matrix, especially DF. Fourier‐transformed infrared spectra indicate the addition of okara or DF increases hydrogen bonds in potato starch and brings in ester carbonyl from the fiber. The addition of okara and DF can alter the retrogradation and rheology characteristics of potato starch.
Case report of congenital goitre in a goat kid: Clinical and pathological findings
Authors: Nourani Hossein , Sadr Soheil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCongenital goitre is a deadly thyroid metabolic disorder characterised by low thyroid hormone levels, subsequent secretion of excess Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, and compensatory thyroid gland hyperplasia. This study aimed to summarise the clinical and pathological features of congenital goitre in a goat kid. In April 2019, a dead female goat kid with a history of dystocia was referred to Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, to examine the carcass and find the reason for death. The necropsy were performed, along with histopathology examination, and clinical signs were recorded. Examination of the foetus revealed the presence of an enlarged thyroid gland, and the skin was thick with myxedema, pale, and without hair. After cutting the skin, the swelling showed a significantly enlarged thyroid gland with two asymmetrical lobes, with the right lobe 3.9×7.1 cm and the left 3.7×7.5 cm in size. In the histopathological examination, a severe proliferation of follicular cells was observed, which caused the thyroid gland to be microscopically dense. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of recognising and addressing congenital goitre in goat kids. To prevent such tragic outcomes, it is crucial to focus on early detection and intervention. Furthermore, the agents of goitre need to find out and be clear.
Lessons from the Pandemic: A Window of Opportunity?
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland , Visentin Martina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this conversation, which took place in December 2021, we attempted to take stock of what the pandemic represented. The reader will recall that across the world, including both Italy and in Norway, we were still in the midst of the pandemic: it was unclear and impossible to predict how we might continue with our daily lives. This conversation tries to find the leitmotif of an experience that united the whole world. From both authors’ point of view, we wanted to try and make people see an opportunity within a crisis (following one of the principles of the overheating approach).
The Double Bind of Climate Change in Contemporary World Society
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland , Visentin Martina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAt the time of the classical sociologists, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the most visible contradiction of society was that between labour and capital. To early anthropologists, a few decades later, the main contradiction was the clash of cultures resulting from colonialism and unequal power, where non-state, non-modern cultures seemed doomed to vanish. To us, the most poignant and urgent contradiction of global modernity is climate change in all its ramifications, from calls for climate justice to critiques of the growth economy. The loss of cultural diversity and oppression under capitalism have not gone away, but a new and fresh layer has been added, and this is what this conversation is about.
Vertex algebra of extended operators in 4d N=2 superconformal field theories. Part I
Authors: Argyres Philip C. , Lotito Matteo , Weaver Mitch 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We construct a class of extended operators in the cohomology of a pair of twisted Schur supercharges of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
=2 SCFTs. The extended operators are constructed from the local operators in this cohomology — the Schur operators — by a version of topological descent. They are line, surface, and domain wall world volume integrals of certain super descendants of Schur operators. Their world volumes extend in directions transverse to a spatial plane in Minkowski space-time. As operators in the cohomology of these twisted Schur supercharges, their correlators are (locally) meromorphic functions only of the positions where they intersect this plane. This implies the extended operators enlarge the vertex operator algebra of the Schur operators. We illustrate this enlarged vertex algebra by computing some extended-operator product expansions within a subalgebra of it for the free hypermultiplet SCFT.