bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrothermal processing on carrot carotenoids changes and interactions with dietary fiber
Authors: Borowska Julitta , Kowalska Marta , Czaplicki Sylwester , Zadernowski Ryszard 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe aim of the studies was to determine the effect of different methods of heat treatment on carotenoids changes and their interactions with insoluble and soluble dietary fiber. Three industrial varieties of carrot – Simba, Caropak and Fayette constituted the experimental material. Carrot cubes were subjected to heat treatment by putting in water with or without citric acid, or in a convection‐type steam furnace. The total content of α‐ and β‐carotene was determined in all kinds of pureed carrots. Its amount bounded with insoluble dietary fiber and pectins was also determined. Changes in soluble and insoluble fractions of dietary fiber during hydrothermal treatment were also determined. It was found that the content of trans α‐ and β‐carotene in carrots decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after heat treatment, compared with the control sample. The loss observed during heat treatment in water was higher (up to 50%) than in the case of a convection‐type steam furnace. The highest decrease in the content of insoluble fraction of dietary fiber and the highest increase in soluble fraction were observed after treatment with the use of steam. An analysis of interactions between carotenoids and dietary fiber fractions after hydrothermal processing shows their stronger affinity to forming bonds with pectins than with insoluble fiber. It was also found that the effect of heat treatment parameters was significant – the highest (by six times) increase in the content of β‐carotene bounded with pectins was noted in pureed carrots processed in a convection‐type steam furnace.
Effect of selected commercial substances with cryoprotective activity on the quality of mechanically recovered, washed and frozen stored poultry meat
Authors: Stangierski J. , Kijowski J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractInvestigations were conducted on mechanically recovered poultry meat (MRPM) and on protein preparation obtained from MRPM by washing it first with 1% water solution of sodium chloride and with water afterwards. The raw materials were frozen at the temperature of –23°C. The effect of added stabilizers on the quality of gels produced from fresh raw materials, and after freezing and frozen storage was assessed. The following additives were used: 1% pork hydrolizate (Pork Stock( 0.5% Cremodan containing carrageens, and 1.5% bovine blood plasma (AMP 600N). Freezing and frozen storage caused a significant reduction of functional properties of MRPM and its protein preparation. None of the examined additives protected simultaneously all the investigated functional properties of the frozen samples. The amount of thermal drip, the gel texture and the amount of protein transition heat were determined by scanning differential calorimetry. The lowest thermal drip in gels obtained from frozen‐stored samples was observed when bovine blood plasma was used as a stabilizer. On the other hand, the most advantageous protective effect on the proteins of the frozen MRPM and on the preparation, determined by mechanical strain resistance of the gels, was found with 1% pork hydrolizate added. The results of thermodynamic investigations of proteins revealed that the best protective effect on the frozen preparation was observed with 1.5% blood plasma added. No protective activity of added Cremodan on proteins of the frozen protein preparation was noted.
Assessment of the agronomic and technological characteristics of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank and T. spelta L.
Authors: Galterio Giovanni , Codianni Pasquale , Giusti Anna Maria , Pezzarossa Beatrice , Cannella Carlo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractRecently, the people interest in natural and organic products led to a “rediscovery” of hulled wheat, particularly T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum, commonly known as “farro”. Compared with durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum( farro is characterized by low productivity and low quality semolina and flour, which makes it unsuitable for the production of bread and pasta. In this paper, the agronomic, technological and nutritional characteristics of three new varieties of farro obtained by crossing the T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum c.v. Molise with T. turgidum ssp. durum c.v. Simeto, were analysed. Data were then compared with those concerning older populations of T. turgidum and of two varieties of T. spelta. The aim of this work is to highlight the productive advantages of the new varieties and to emphasize their prospective use in the production of bread and pasta with considerable health properties due to nutritional characteristics of hulled cereals.
Production and physicochemical characterization of resistant starch type III derived from pea starch
Authors: Lehmann Undine , Rössler Christine , Schmiedl Detlef , Jacobasch Gisela 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSmooth pea starch was used for the production of physiological important resistant starch type III. For reduction of the molecular weight of the starch, different strategies including enzymatic debranching and acid hydrolysis (lintnerization( were tested to obtain an optimal starting material for retrogradation. The resulting polymer chain lengths were analyzed by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography. Temperature regimes and starch concentrations in gel were optimized during the retrogradation with the aim to obtain a high yield of resistant starch. Optimal conditions led to resistant starch contents up to 74%. The products were thermostable and showed no loss of resistant structures after autoclaving. The peak temperatures of the thermal transition were at approximately 147°C. The resulting resistant starch products are suitable for the generation of functional foods.
Gelatinization and pasting properties of rice starch modified with 2‐octen–1‐ylsuccinic anhydride
Authors: Shih Fred F. , Daigle Kim W. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractRice starch was modified with various levels of 2‐octen‐1‐ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). Treatments with OSA at 3, 5, and 10% resulted in starch derivatives with 0.016, 0.033, and 0.070 degrees of substitution (DS( respectively. Thermovisco properties of the derivatives were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rapid visco analysis (RVA). Water content in the sample was found to have a significant effect on the characteristics of the DSC endotherm. Pasting properties of the OSA‐starch and the effect of pH and salt on the RVA profiles were also studied. In general, with increased OSA‐modification, the starch derivatives swelled and gelatinized at lower temperatures to achieve higher viscosities. Specifically, based on DSC analysis at 80% water, the peak temperature of gelatinization decreased from 68.5 to 63.2°C as the OSA modification increased in DS from 0 (intact starch) to 0.070. On the other hand, RVA results indicate that, for samples undergoing similar increase in OSA modification, the pasting temperature decreased from 88.7 to 51.5°C and the peak viscosity increased from 668 to 6822 cP.
Mycotoxin production in wheat grains by different Aspergilli in relation to different relative humidities and storage periods
Authors: Atalla Mohamed Mabrouk , Hassanein Naziha Mohamed , El‐Beih Ahmed Atef , Youssef Youssef Abdel‐Ghany 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFour different Aspergilli (Aspergillus oryzae, A. parasiticus, A. terreus and A. versicolor) were grown on wheat grains under different degrees of relative humidity 14, 50, 74, 80 and 90%. Samples of wheat grains were taken monthly for a period of six months and examined for mycotoxin production. A. oryzae was found to produce aflatoxins B1, B2, zearalenone, DON and T‐2 toxins under elevated degrees of humidity and prolonged periods of storage. A. parasiticus produced aflatoxins B1, G1, NIV, DON and T‐2 toxins in high concentrations during a period of not more than three months storage at 14% relative humidity; at an increased level of relative humidity of 74% ochratoxin A, zearalenone and sterigmatocystin were also produced at high levels. The isolate was drastic in toxin production. A. terreus produced toxins at 14% relative humidity (aflatoxin G2 and DON) at levels much higher than any other prevalent degrees of humidity. A. versicolor is highly sensitive to relative humidity and grain moisture content. It produced aflatoxins B1, G1, NIV and DON at a relative humidity of 50% and another toxins (aflatoxin G2, ochratoxins A, B and zearalenone) at 74%. The microorganism can be considered a trichothecene producer under suitable relative humidity.
The psychometric properties of the Multi‐Dimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) in middle aged and older populations of people with mental retardation
Authors: Sturmey P. , Tsiouris J. A. , Patti P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the internal consistency, inter–scale correlations and factor structure of the MOSES with older adults with mental retardation.MethodA series of outpatients with mental retardation were assessed with the MOSES. 163 middle aged and older adults with mental retardation living in community settings participated.ResultsThe subscales and total scale of the Multi‐Dimension Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) were highly internally consistent. The pattern of correlations between the five scales was very similar to that reported by Dalton et al. (1999). The results of a factor analysis using varimax rotation indicated a three‐factor structure corresponding to adaptive behavior, externalizing and internalizing maladaptive behaviors.ConclusionsThe MOSES appears to be was a psychometrically adequate instrument to screen older adults with mental retardation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug treatment in depressed elderly in the Dutch community
Authors: Sonnenberg Caroline M. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , van Tilburg Willem 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObjectivesIn older people, a diagnosis of depression is frequently missed, and proper treatment is subsequently hampered. We investigated antidepressant and benzodiazepine use in an older community sample, and assessed possible risk factors associated with non‐treatment in depressed elderly.MethodsData were used from the baseline measurements of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). In a random, age and sex stratified community sample of 3107 older Dutch people (55 to 85 years), respondents were screened on depression with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). In the depressed subsample depressive disorder according to DSM‐III was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The use of antidepressants and anxiolytics (benzodiazepines) in the depressed subsample was measured, and associations with age, sex, cognitive impairment, physical health and anxiety symptoms were investigated.ResultsOnly 16% of the respondents with a major depressive disorder used antidepressants. More than half of them used non‐therapeutic dosages. Lower antidepressant use was associated with cognitive impairment. Benzodiazepine use was more likely than antidepressant use, which was especially evident in females in the major depressive disorder group.ConclusionsDepressed older people were undertreated, particularly when they were cognitively impaired. A high rate of benzodiazepine use was found, particularly in females. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The attitudes of carers and old age psychiatrists towards the treatment of potentially fatal events in end‐stage dementia
Authors: Coetzee R. H. , Leask S. J. , Jones R. G. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackgroundDeciding how to treat patients with end‐stage dementia developing potentially fatal events has long been contentious. Under expected new legislation the role of carers is likely to increase. Old age psychiatrists frequently have to decide between active or palliative approaches to such patients. Little is known concerning the comparative attitudes of carers and old age psychiatrists. This research examined how their attitudes differed.MethodsA Likert scale attitudinal questionnaire was designed following a literature review and was initially distributed to a pilot group of medical students to aid in establishing reliability and validity. Subsequently it was sent to all members of the local Alzheimer's Society Branch and all the old age psychiatrists in the health region. Its validity and reliability were investigated using factor analysis and test–retest reliability. Between group comparisons were then made using the students t‐test and analysis of variance.Results148 carers and 34 clinicians responded. Factor analysis and test–retest analysis of students' responses validated six questions, which grouped into two factors, relating to active treatment and patient‐centred ethics. Between group comparisons revealed significant differences between carers' and clinicians' attitudes in these areas. Clinicians favoured active treatment of potentially fatal events in end‐stage dementia less than carers who more significantly valued patient‐centred issues such as dying with dignity, the patient's best interests and the patient's wishes.ConclusionsOld age psychiatrists and carers significantly differed in their attitudes towards treatment of potentially fatal events in end‐stage dementia and this may impact on decision‐making. Considerably more clinician/carer debate and dialogue seems needed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The recognition of dementia in ‘non‐EMI’ nursing home residents in South East England
Authors: Macdonald A. J. D. , Carpenter G. I. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the agreement between nursing staff's recognition of dementia and results of MMSE assessment in a probability sample of non‐specialist nursing home residents in South East England, and to identify correlates of disagreement.MethodsProspective survey. The most senior nurse on duty was interviewed about each resident sampled, and optionally about their own training and experience. Residents were interviewed using the MMSE, and assessed using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, the Barthel ADL index, and the Behave‐AD scale for behavioural problems.Results135 nurses were interviewed about 445 residents—116 reported on of the 291 residents scoring 23 or less on the MMSE—34% of these were acknowledged to have dementia. 46.4% of those with MMSE scores of 15 or less were acknowledged to have dementia. ‘Missed dementia’ was associated with higher MMSE and lower Behave‐AD scores, and inversely associated with RMN training and private home ownership for profit. It was not associated with training or duration of staff employment.ConclusionsMost cognitive impairment in non‐specialist nursing homes appeared to be unrecognised. This has implications for the prospects of good dementia care in these homes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in community‐dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: the Memory and Medical Care Study
Authors: Chan Ding‐Cheng , Kasper Judith D. , Black Betty S. , Rabins Peter V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia in community‐dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods512 people with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores < 24 or a decline of at least 4 points over two administrations, and their knowledgeable informants (KI) were enrolled in the MMCS. The classification of subjects as having dementia or MCI was based on a neuropsychological battery of four tests, not a clinical diagnostic evaluation. The sample for this study included 454 subjects (dementia n = 333; MCI n = 121) and their KIs. Demographic and health‐related characteristics of subjects and KIs were obtained during KI interviews. Multivariate logistic regression was used in statistical analysis.ResultsCompared to dementia subjects, those classified as MCI had a lower prevalence (47.1% vs 66.1%) of any symptoms (psychosis, depression, or agitation), and of agitation (24.8% vs 45.1%). Symptoms of psychosis and depression also were less prevalent, even though differences did not reach statistical significance. In the dementia group symptoms were associated with a report of a physician's diagnosis of dementia, greater functional impairment, and a KI who was a child/child‐in‐law. In those with MCI, symptoms were correlated with being white, greater functional impairment, and a younger, less educated, KI.ConclusionsPsychiatric and behavioral symptoms were common in community‐residing elders with cognitive impairment, but their prevalence and correlates differed by study classification as having dementia or MCI. Identifying and treating these symptoms may benefit patients with cognitive impairment and their families. Longitudinal studies on the predictors, changes in prevalence, and effectiveness of treatments for psychopathology of dementia are needed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of GMS‐A/AGECAT, DSM‐III‐R for dementia and depression, including subthreshold depression (SD)—results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)
Authors: Schaub R. T. , Linden M. , Copeland J. R. M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackgroundEmpirical evaluation of the agreement between different diagnostic approaches is crucial for the understanding of epidemiological results in geriatric psychiatry.ObjectivesIn this paper, we analyse differences between widely used diagnostic approaches of dementia and depression and offer evidence that diagnostic thresholds vary substantially on quantitative dimensions, but that conceptual and other differences between approaches must also been taken into account.MethodsIn an epidemiological study of n = 516 persons, aged 70–103 years, we compared psychiatric diagnoses of dementia and depression obtained by GMS‐A/HAS‐AGECAT, DSM‐III‐R and clinician's diagnoses of subthreshold depression (SD).ResultsFor depression, cumulative prevalence of clinician's diagnosis (including SD, GMS‐A/HAS‐AGECAT and DSM‐III‐R defined forms) was highest, followed by GMS‐A/HAS‐AGECAT‐diagnosis and DSM‐III‐R, while for dementia DSM‐III‐R was followed by GMS‐A/HAS‐AGECAT. Overall agreement between DSM‐III‐R and GMS‐A/HAS‐AGECAT was moderate. Adapting thresholds for AGECAT resulted in slightly better diagnostic efficiency. Diagnostic disagreement was found predominantly for cases with intermediate symptom severity, supporting the hypothesis of differing thresholds between DSM‐III‐R and GMS‐A/HAS‐AGECAT, while cases with lower or higher symptom severity were similarily seen as cases or non‐cases.ConclusionDisagreement is not only caused by conceptual differences, but also different thresholds of diagnostic algorithms. Adaptation of threshold levels should be feasible, depending on the purpose of the analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the internet and of the NHS direct telephone helpline for medical information by a cognitive function clinic population
Authors: Larner A. J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackgroundInternet websites and medical telephone helplines are relatively new and huge resources of medical information (‘cybermedicine’ and ‘telemedicine’, respectively) accessible to the general public without prior recourse to a doctor.Study ObjectivesTo measure use of internet websites and of the NHS Direct telephone helpline as sources of medical information by patients and their families and/or carers attending a cognitive function clinic.Design and SettingConsecutive patients seen by one consultant neurologist over a six‐month period in the Cognitive Function Clinic at the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, a regional neuroscience centre in Liverpool, UK.ResultsMore than 50% of patients and families/carers had internet access; 27% had accessed relevant information, but none volunteered this. 82% expressed interest in, or willingness to access, websites with relevant medical information if these were suggested by the clinic doctor. Although 61% had heard of the NHS Direct telephone helpline, only 10% of all patients had used this service and few calls related to the reason for attendance at the Cognitive Function Clinic.ConclusionsInternet access and use is common in a cognitive function clinic population. Since information from internet websites may shape health beliefs and expectations of patients and families/carers, appropriately or inappropriately, it may be important for the clinic doctor to inquire about these searches. Since most would use websites suggested by the doctor, a readiness to provide addresses for appropriate sites may prove helpful. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sertraline treatment of elderly patients with depression and cognitive impairment
Authors: Devanand D. P. , Pelton Gregory H. , Marston Kristin , Camacho Yesenia , Roose Steven P. , Stern Yaakov , Sackeim Harold A. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information on the efficacy and side effects of antidepressant treatment in elderly patients with combined depression and cognitive impairment without dementia (DEP‐MCI), and it is unclear if cognitive performance improves with antidepressant response in these patients.MethodsIn 39 elderly DEP‐MCI patients, changes in depression and cognitive impairment were evaluated with open sertraline treatment up to 200 mg/day for 12 weeks.ResultsOf the 26 completers, 17 were responders and nine were non‐responders. Diagnostic subtype of depression was unrelated to response. ANCOVA on WAIS‐R digit symbol percent change scores revealed a significant effect for responder status (F = 5.59, p < 0.03), and age (F = 0.24, p < 0.64) and education (F = 1.64, p < 0.22) were not significant covariates. From pre‐trial to post‐trial, responders improved in WAIS‐R digit symbol percent change scores (Mean −10% SD 24) while non‐responders declined (Mean 14% SD 18; t = 2.60, p < 0.02). Other neuropsychological measures were unrelated to response. Percent change in HRSD scores showed significant inverse correlations with percent change in several cognitive measures.ConclusionsDEP‐MCI patients showed moderate clinical response to sertraline treatment. When responders were compared to non‐responders, cognitive improvement was limited to one measure of attention and executive function. Overall, there was little cognitive improvement with antidepressant treatment. The findings indirectly suggest that lack of improvement in cognition following treatment of depression in DEP‐MCI patients may be associated with increased risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for dementia during follow‐up. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.