bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term cost effectiveness and long-term cost analysis comparing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with proton-pump inhibitor maintenance for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Cookson R , Flood C , Koo B , Mahon D , Rhodes M 
Published: April 2005

Abstract

Background
This study examined the short-term cost-effectiveness and long-term cost of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) versus maintenance proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) medication for severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) based on a randomized clinical trial.

Methods
Costs and outcomes for 12 months were obtained from the first 100 patients in the trial. Detailed costing was performed using resource use data from hospital records and general practitioners' notes. Short-term incremental cost–effectiveness ratios, calculated as the cost difference divided by the effectiveness difference between LNF and PPI therapy, were analysed using net benefit and bootstrap approaches. Long-term cost was examined using sensitivity analyses incorporating published data from other large series.

Results
The incremental cost of LNF compared with PPI therapy per additional patient returned to a physiologically normal acid score (less than 13·9) at 3 months was £5515 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) £3655 to £13 400) and the incremental cost per point improvement in combined Gastro-Intestinal and Psychological Well-being score at 12 months was £293 (90 per cent c.i. £149 to £5250). On average, LNF cost £2247 (95 per cent c.i. £2020 to £2473) more than PPI therapy in year 1 and broke even in year 8. Break-even was highly sensitive to hospital unit costs but less sensitive to PPI ingestion rate after LNF, LNF reoperation rate, PPI relapse rate, future PPI price, PPI dose escalation and discount rate.

Conclusion
From a National Health Service perspective, LNF may be cost-saving after 8 years compared with maintenance PPI therapy for the treatment of GORD.
Early impact of centralization of oesophageal cancer surgery services (Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1630-1632)
Authors: Ng W T 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Effect of Substituents on the Strength of A—Cl‐ (A: Si, Ge, and Sn) Bonds in Hypervalent Systems: ACl‐5, ACl4F‐, and A(CH3)3Cl‐2.
Authors: Hao Changtong , Kaspar Jennifer D. , Check Catherine E. , Lobring Kim C. , Gilbert Thomas M. , Sunderlin Lee S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrothermal Single‐Crystal Growth in the Systems Ag/Hg/X/O (X: Vv, Asv): Crystal Structures of (Ag3Hg)VO4, (Ag2Hg2)3(VO4)4, and (Ag2Hg2)2(HgO2) (AsO4)2 with the Unusual Tetrahedral Cluster Cations (Ag3Hg)3+ and (Ag2Hg2)4+ and Crystal Structure of AgHgVO4.
Authors: Weil Matthias , Tillmanns Ekkehart , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Pressure Synthesis and Transport Properties of a New Binary Germanide, SrGe6‐δ (δ ≅ 0.5), with a Cagelike Structure.
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Yamanaka Shoji , Matsuoka Eiichi , Takabatake Toshiro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(C4N3H15) [(BO2)2(GeO2)4]: The First Organically Templated 3D Borogermanate Showing 1D 12‐Rings, Large Channels, and a Novel Zeolite‐Type Framework Topology Constructed from Ge8O24 and B2O7 Cluster Units.
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Xia , Zhang Jie , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cation‐Directed Synthesis of Tungstosilicates. Part 2. Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of the Open Wells—Dawson Anion α‐[{K(H2O)2} (Si2W18O66)]15‐ and Its Transition‐Metal Derivatives [{M(H2O)}(μ‐H2O)2K (Si2W18O66)]13‐ and [{M(H2O)}(μ‐H2O)2K{M (H2O)4}(Si2W18O66)] 11‐.
Authors: Leclerc‐Laronze Nathalie , Marrot Jerome , Herve Gilbert 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fluorine‐Containing 1,1‐Dicyanoethylenes in Heterocyclization Reactions. Part 7. Synthesis and Some Heterocyclization Reactions of New Diethyl (1,1‐Difluoro‐3,3‐dicyano‐2‐trifluoromethylallyl)phosphonate and Ethyl 3,3‐Dicyano‐2‐[(diethoxyphosphoryl)difluoromethyl]acrylate.
Authors: Pasternak Pavel V. , Averkiev Boris B. , Antipin Michail Yu. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Chkanikov Nikolai D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dimethylzinc‐Initiated Radical Reaction of Cyclic Ethers with Arylamines, Alkoxyamines, and Dialkylhydrazines.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasutomo , Maekawa Masaru , Akindele Tito , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Odorless Thioacetalization Reagent 2‐[1,3]Dithian‐2‐ylidene‐3‐oxo‐butanamide and Its Chemoselectivity.
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Qun , Yu Haifeng , Ouyang Yan , Dong Dewen 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Addition of Dimethylzinc to Aldehydes Across Alkynes and 1,3‐Butadiene: An Efficient Four‐Component Connection Reaction.
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Ezoe Akihiro , Mori Masahiko , Tamaru Yoshinao 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved Heteroatom Nucleophilic Addition to Electron‐Poor Alkenes Promoted by CeCl3×7H2O/NaI System Supported on Alumina in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Bartolacci Massimo , Giuliani Arianna , Marcantoni Enrico , Massaccesi Massimo , Torregiani Elisabetta 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Pentacarbonyl(3‐oxa‐2‐bicyclo[3.1.0]hexylidene)‐ and Pentacarbonyl(cyclopropylmethoxymethylene)tungsten Compounds on the Route to Cyclopropane‐γ‐lactones and ‐carboxylates.
Authors: Florio Saverio , Perna Filippo M. , Luisi Renzo , Barluenga Jose , Fananas Francisco J. , Rodriguez Felix 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Preparation of tert‐Butyl 1‐tert‐Butoxycarbonylaminocyclopent‐3‐enecarboxylate from Inexpensive Starting Materials.
Authors: Larionov Oleg V. , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CeCl3×7H2O/NaI‐Promoted Stereoselective Aldol Coupling of α,β‐Acetylenic Ketones.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Eeshwaraiah B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkene Using Alkylative Carboxylation of Disubstituted Alkyne.
Authors: Shimizu Kazuya , Takimoto Masanori , Sato Yoshihiro , Mori Miwako 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Electron‐Transfer Oxidation of Lipshutz Cuprates with 1,4‐Benzoquinones: An Efficient Homo‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides and Its Application to the Construction of Macrocyclic Systems.
Authors: Miyake Yoshihiro , Wu Mo , Rahman M. Jalilur , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zinc Metal Promoted Nucleophilic Addition of Azetidin‐2‐ones to Aldehydes and Nitriles.
Authors: Benfatti Fides , Cardillo Giuliana , Fabbroni Serena , Gentilucci Luca , Perciaccante Rossana , Piccinelli Fabio , Tolomelli Alessandra 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
4,6‐Bis(1,2,3‐thiadiazol‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐benzenediol as a Source of Furo[3′,2′:4,5]benzo[b]furan‐2,6‐dithiolate.
Authors: Petrov M. L. , Androsov D. A. , Lyakhovetskii Yu. I. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Benzoyl 2‐Methylindoles as Selective PPARγ Modulators.
Authors: Acton John J. III , Black Regina M. , Jones A. Brian , Moller David E. , Colwell Lawrence , Doebber Thomas W. , MacNaul Karen L. , Berger Joel , Wood Harold B. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Isolation of Both Indolylcarbinols and Diindolylalkanes from Microwave‐Assisted Acid (Clay)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Indoles with Diethyl Ketomalonate.
Authors: Chakrabarty Manas , Karmakar Sulakshana , Harigaya Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 2‐Acyl‐1H‐indole‐4,7‐diones on Human Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Mahboobi Siavosh , Sellmer Andreas , Eichhorn Emerich , Beckers Thomas , Fiebig Heinz‐Herbert , Kelter Gerhard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective TiCl4‐Promoted Nucleophilic Substitution at C‐2 of (4S,5S)‐2‐Alkyl‐4‐methyl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐dioxolanes.
Authors: Morelli Carlo F. , Duri Lavinia , Saladino Alberto , Speranza Giovanna , Manitto Paolo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Relative Stability of 3,5‐Diacyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazoles Prepared by Dipolar Cycloaddition of Enones and α‐Diazoketones.
Authors: Jung Michael E. , Min Sun‐Joon , Houk K. N. , Ess Daniel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Hydroxyl‐Protected Fluorine‐Containing 4,4‐Dihydroxylmethyl‐2‐aryl‐iminothiazolidines.
Authors: Liu Chuanxiang , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong , Chen Weidong , Huang Qingchun , Qian Xuhong 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amides and Hydrazides of Acylpyruvic Acids. Part 11. Synthesis and Biological Activity of N‐(1,3‐Thiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐aryl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenoic Amides.
Authors: Koz'minykh V. O. , Milyutin A. V. , Makhmudov R. R. , Belyaev A. O. , Koz'minykh E. N. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Dihydro‐2H‐isoquinolin‐1‐ones, Dihydro‐ and Tetrahydroisoquinolines via 1,2‐Addition/Ring Closure.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Braig Volker , Boudou Marine , Raabe Gerhard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactions of 2,3‐Dioxopyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with Ammonia and Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: Mikhailovskii A. G. , Polygalova N. N. , Turova T. S. , Lobashova G. A. , Vahrin M. I. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Preparation of Benzoisothiazolo[1,2‐b][1,2]isoquinolin‐11‐one‐1,1‐dioxides from Dilithiated ortho‐Toluic Acids and Lithiated Methyl 2‐(Aminosulfonyl)benzoate.
Authors: Dunn S. Patrick , Walters Matthew J. , Metz Clyde R. , Beam Charles F. , Pennington William T. , Krawiec Mariusz 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 1‐Bromomethyl‐5‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9‐octahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno [3,2‐e][1,3]oxazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐11‐ium Bromides.
Authors: Khripak S. M. , Plesha M. V. , Slivka M. V. , Yakubets V. I. , Krivovyaz A. A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Benzylpiperazine Derivatives Bearing Mono‐ and Bis‐Dialkyl Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Al‐Soud Yaseen A. , Qalalweh Mohammed N. A. , Al‐Sa'doni Haitham H. , Al‐Masoudi Najim A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Reaction of Cyclic Nitroenamines with Isocyanates. Synthesis of 1,6‐Polymethylene‐6‐nitromethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Nazarenko Konstantin G. , Shvidenko Konstantin V. , Pinchuk Alexander M. , Tolmachev Andrei A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐(Substituted)‐2,4,8,15‐tetroxa‐3‐phosphadispiro [5.2.2]hexadecane‐3‐oxides.
Authors: Babu Y. Hari , Sankar N. Ravi , Reddy C. Suresh , Reddy C. Devendranath 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isoterreulactone A, a Novel Meroterpenoid with anti‐Acetylcholinesterase Activity Produced by Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Yoo Ick‐Dong , Cho Kyung‐Mi , Lee Chong‐Kil , Kim Won‐Gon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two New Biologically Active Illudane Sesquiterpenes from the Mycelial Cultures of Panaeolus retirugis.
Authors: Ma Wenzhe , Huang Yicun , Lin Lidong , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Yizhu , Xu Hanhong , Wei Xiaoyi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antiinflammatory and Antihyaluronate Lyase Activities of Lanostanoids from Piptoporus betulinus.
Authors: Wangun Hilaire V. Kemami , Berg Albrecht , Hertel Waltraud , Nkengfack Augustin E. , Hertweck Christian 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hexafluoroacetone as Protecting and Activating Reagent: Site‐Selective Functionalization of α‐Amino Alkanedioic Acids.
Authors: Ruehl Thomas , Boettcher Christoph , Pumpor Ksenia , Henning Lothar , Sieler Joachim , Burger Klaus 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐Benzoyl‐2‐isopropyl‐4‐alkyloxazolidin‐5‐ones as Efficient and Inexpensive Sources of Enantiopure α,α‐Dialkyl α‐Amino Acids and α,β‐Dialkyl α,β‐Diaminopropionic Acids.
Authors: Rojas‐Lima Susana , Tellez‐Zenteno Omar , Lopez‐Ruiz Heraclio , Loubet‐Gonzalez Lizeth , Alvarez‐Hernandez Alejandro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Glycosyl Isoxazolines.
Authors: Mishra Ram Chandra , Tewari Neetu , Verma Shyam Sunder , Tripathi Rama Pati , Kumar Manish , Shukla Praveen Kumar 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Amphiphilic Behavior of N,N‐Bis‐glucosyl‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Lakhrissi Brahim , Essassi El Mokhtar , Massoui Mohamed , Goethals Gerard , Lequart Vincent , Monflier Eric , Cecchelli Romeo , Martin Patrick 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Saludimerines A and B, Novel‐Type Dimeric Alkaloids with Stereogenic Centers and Configurationally Semistable Biaryl Axes.
Authors: Bracher Franz , Eisenreich Wolfram J. , Muehlbacher Joerg , Dreyer Michael , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies on (‐)‐Lemonomycin: Stereocontrolled Construction of the 3,8‐Diazabicyclo[3.2.1] Skeleton.
Authors: Rikimaru Kentaro , Mori Kazuki , Kan Toshiyuki , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies on Indoles and Related Compounds. Part 53. A Total Synthesis of 1‐Methoxycanthin‐6‐one: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of the Canthin‐6‐one Skeleton from β‐Carboline‐1‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Suzuki Hideharu , Adachi Makoto , Ebihara Yuki , Gyoutoku Hiroshi , Furuya Hinako , Murakami Yasuoki , Okuno Hiroaki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enniatin Production by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Verticillium hemipterigenum BCC 1449.
Authors: Supothina Sumalee , Isaka Masahiko , Kirtikara Kanyawim , Tanticharoen Morakot , Thebtaranonth Yodhathai 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Directed Biosynthesis of Fluorinated Pseurotin A, Synerazol and Gliotoxin.
Authors: Igarashi Yasuhiro , Yabuta Yukihiro , Sekine Akira , Fujii Kiyonaga , Harada Ken‐Ichi , Oikawa Tsutomu , Sato Mayumi , Furumai Tamotsu , Oki Toshikazu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Production of Cyclic Tetrasaccharide with 6‐α‐Glucosyltransferase and α‐Isomaltosyltransferase
Authors: Nishimoto Tomoyuki , Aga Hajime , Kubota Michio , Fukuda Shigeharu , Kurimoto Masashi , Tsujisaka Yoshio 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Throughput Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for Heterogeneous Catalysis: Screening of Catalytic Activities and Selectivities
Authors: Weiss Pierre‐Alain W. , Saalfrank Jens W. , Scheidtmann Jens , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Maier Wilhelm F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral recognition of cyclic α‐hydroxyketones by CD‐sensitive zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tweezer
Authors: Ishii Hideki , Chen Yihui , Miller Ross A. , Karady Sandor , Nakanishi Koji , Berova Nina 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA combined chemical/chiroptical microscale protocol for the determination of absolute configurations of cyclic α‐hydroxyketones is described. The hydroxyl group in cyclic α‐hydroxyketones is converted into (3‐aminopropylamino)acetate (NH2CH2CH2CH2NHCH2COOR), or more generally, according to a newly developed protocol, into (3‐hydroxypropylamino)acetate group (HOCH2CH2CH2NHCH2COOR). The resultant conjugated compound forms a 1:1 host–guest complex with a dimeric zinc porphyrin tweezer, which exhibits exciton‐coupled bisignate CD spectrum centered around the 420‐nm porphyrin Soret band due to induced helicity between the two porphyrins in the complex. The absolute configurations of the α‐stereogenic center is then determined by comparison of the sign of the observed CD exciton couplet of the complex with that of the preferred porphyrin twist predicted by the Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFFs) method. Chirality 17:305–315, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epoetin‐α during radiotherapy for stage III esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Rades Dirk , Schild Steven E. , Yekebas Emre F. , Job Hendric , Schwarz Rudolf , Rudat Volker 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been suggested that hemoglobin levels of 12–14 g/dL are optimal for tumor oxygenation, radiosensitivity, and prognosis. In this prospective study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of epoetin‐α to maintain hemoglobin levels at 12–14 g/dL during radiotherapy (RT) for patients with UICC Stage III esophageal carcinoma, and they examined the impact of erythropoetin on overall survival (OS), metastatic‐free survival (MFS), and local control (LC).METHODSSixty patients who received RT between March, 2001 and September, 2004, were included in this prospective, nonrandomized study. Thirty patients received epoetin‐α (150 IU/kg 3 times per week) during RT (Group A), and 30 patients did not receive epoetin‐α (Group B). Epoetin‐α was started at hemoglobin levels < 13 g/dL and was stopped at hemoglobin levels ≥ 14 g/dL. Hemoglobin was measured before RT and once weekly during RT.RESULTSBoth patient groups were balanced for age, gender, performance status, tumor location/length, histology, grading, tumor classification, lymph node status, chemotherapy, treatment (45–50.4 grays [Gy] plus resection vs. 45.0–50.4 Gy vs. 59.4–66.0 Gy), and hemoglobin level before RT. In 20 of 30 patients (67%) from Group A and in 3 of 30 patients (10%) from Group B, ≥ 60% of hemoglobin levels during RT were 12–14 g/dL (P = 0.003). The median change in hemoglobin was + 0.4 g/dL per week in Group A and − 0.4 g/dL per week in Group B. LC was significantly better in Group A (66% vs. 38% at 1 year, respectively; P = 0.012), a trend was observed for OS (59% vs. 33%, respectively; P = 0.08), and MFS did not differ significantly (43% vs. 38%, respectively; P = 0.34). No epoetin‐α‐related toxicity was observed.CONCLUSIONSEpoetin‐α was effective in maintaining the hemoglobin levels at 12–14 g/dL during RT. The application of epoetin‐α significantly improved LC, and a trend was observed for OS. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Women age ≤ 35 years with primary breast carcinoma
Authors: Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Broglio Kristine , Kau Shu‐Wan , Eralp Yesmin , Erlichman Julie , Valero Vicente , Theriault Richard , Booser Daniel , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Arun Banu 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to describe a population of young patients with breast carcinoma, their characteristics at the time of diagnosis, and the association of these characteristics with disease recurrence and survival.METHODSFour hundred fifty‐two women age ≤ 35 years with breast carcinoma were registered at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) between 1990 and 2002. The relation between clinicopathologic factors and disease recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent survival predictors.RESULTSThe median age of the patients was 32 years. Most of the patients were white, and 20% were obese. Approximately 50% reported oral contraceptive use, 34% reported a family history of breast carcinoma, and 5% reported a family history of ovarian carcinoma. Sixty‐nine percent of tumors were nuclear Grade 3 (using the modified Black's nuclear grading system), 52% had positive estrogen receptors, and 48% had positive progesterone receptors. HER‐2/neu status was available in 60% of tumor specimens and 34% were HER‐2/neu positive. The median follow‐up was 36 months. There were 185 disease recurrences and 84 deaths. RFS was significantly shorter in patients who reported a family history of ovarian carcinoma (P < 0.0001) and in those who had hormone receptor‐negative tumor specimens (P = 0.001). OS was significantly shorter in patients who reported a family history of ovarian carcinoma (P = 0.001), those who had hormone receptor‐negative tumor specimens (P < 0.0001), or those with > nuclear Grade 3 tumor specimens (P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONSThis young population with breast carcinoma was found to have more aggressive biologic features. Hormone receptor negativity and a family history of ovarian carcinoma were associated with shorter RFS and OS. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.