bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid method for the identification of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines using duplex PCR
Authors: Subbotin Sergei , Moens Maurice , Peng Deliang 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA method for rapid identification of juveniles and cysts of the soybean cyst nematode based on PCR with species specific primers is described. The PCR assay was tested on 53 populations originating from China, Russia, USA and Brazil. A single cyst or second stage juvenile of Heterodera glycines alone or in a mixture with other soil inhabiting nematodes was detectable.
Description of Longidorus hangzhouensis sp. n. (Nemata: Longidoridae) from Zhejiang province, new geographical records of L. henanus Xu & Cheng, 1992, and an identification key for Longidorus species occurring in China
Authors: Zheng Jingwu , Robbins Robert , Peng Deliang , Brown Derek 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSpecimens of a Longidorus species, here described as L. hangzhouensis sp. n., were recovered from the rhizosphere of sweet-scented Osmanthus growing in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China, and a second population was collected from Camellia japonica, Fuyang, Zhejiang province. The species is characterised by medium-sized body length (3.1-4.9 mm), head region narrow (8-12 μm), anteriorly rounded, with continuous, funnel-shaped amphidial pouches, a relatively long odontostyle (97-126 μm) and a short, almost hemispherical tail. Three juvenile development stages were identified, J2, J3 and J4. A second Longidorus species, identified as L. henanus Xu & Cheng, 1990, previously known only from the type locality in Henan province, was recovered from the rhizosphere of bamboo from Beijing and of poplar from Yuanqu county, Shanxi province. A dichotomous key is provided for the Longidorus species reported from China.
Genetic structure and diversity within local populations of Meloidogyne (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae)
Authors:   Esparrago, Navas Alfonso ,   Blazquez, Castagnone-Sereno Philippe 
Published: January 2003

AbstractA survey of Meloidogyne in La Vera (Spain) was carried out during October 1995 and 1997. Isozyme electrophoresis (A-EST, MDH, CAT, GPI, DIA, GOT and SOD) was performed for each nematode isolate, each of which was cultured from an egg mass. In 1995 seven isolates of M. incognita, two of M. javanica and 75 of M. arenaria were found, while in 1997 one isolate of M. javanica and 72 of M. arenaria were found. Taxonomic relationships were established among 151 isolates using enzyme phenotypes by means of Multiple Correspondence and UPGM analysis. Twenty-six Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) phenotype variants were detected in ten significant taxonomic units: M. arenaria (seven units), M. incognita (two) and M. javanica (one). A total of 13 loci were identified and allelic frequencies for MLEE phenotype variants were estimated. Genetic distances among them suggested that M. arenaria is a poly- or paraphyletic group formed by at least two or three monophyletic lines of different origins. The evolutionary and epidemiological implications are discussed.
On five species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) recently described from India
Authors: Luc Michel , Baujard Pierre , Coomans August , Loof Pieter 
Published: January 2003

AbstractExamination of paratypes of five species of Xiphinema from India described by Singh and Khan (1998) led to the following conclusions: X. larliani Khan & Singh, 1998 appears a valid species close to X. simillimum Loof & Yassin, 1971. The other four species are considered junior synonyms, X. digicaudatum of X. brasiliense Lordello, 1951; X. gracilicaudatum of X. radicicola Goodey, 1936; X. arunachalense of X. brevicollum Lordello & Da Costa, 1961; X. pruni of X. basiri Siddiqi, 1959. Complementary morphological data, measurements and illustrations based on the paratypes are given for the five species.
The African Carnoyidae (Nematoda: Rhigonematida). 2. Martadamsonius aculeatus sp. n. and Waerebekeia debbiae sp. n., with additional data on Gilsonema venardi (Van Waerebeke, 1984)
Authors: Hunt David 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMartadamsonius aculeatus sp. n. is described from the gut of Spirostreptus timotheus from Zaire. It differs from M.duponti Van Waerebeke, 1987 in having virtually straight spicules as opposed to distinctly arcuate, eight vs four rows of cervical spines in the female; lateral alae extending to the tail region in the female (terminating prior to the vulva in M. duponti) and the development of a predominantly smooth, cuticular field located laterally on the male tail. From M. moramangiensis Van Waerebeke, 1987, it differs in lacking a small ventral notch on the straight edge of the gubernaculum, having fewer and less well developed cervical spines in the male, lateral alae extending to the tail region in the female (terminating prior to the vulva in M. moramangiensis), development of a predominantly smooth, cuticular field located laterally on the male tail and in having longer spicules (285 vs 227 μm). M. gubgibbosus (Dollfus, 1964) comb. n. is proposed and regarded as a species inquirenda. Waerebekeia debbiae sp. n., from the gut of a spirostreptid diplopod from Ivory Coast, is described and illustrated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The new species is characterised by: female lacking cuticularised pieces around the oral aperture, presence of minute spinelets on the somatic striae, male oral aperture laterally elongate, presence of subrectangular blocks of cuticle on the male striae, long, adpressed spicules with fine cuticular striae, shallowly keel-shaped gubernaculum with a dorsal hole, fifteen pairs of copulatory papillae with two pairs subdorsal in position, one being adcloacal and the other near the caudal appendage. The species is distinguished from the type and only other nominal species in the genus by the gubernaculum having a different shape and shallower keel, the longer male tail and longer spicules. Additional data from two Ivory Coast populations of Gilsonema venardi, together with SEM studies, supplement the original description.
Effect of the clover root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne trifoliophila) on growth of white clover
Authors: Zahid Mohammad , Hodda Michael , Gurr Geoff , Fulkerson William , Nobbs Jackie , Nikandrow Alexander , Nicol Helen 
Published: January 2003

AbstractRoot-infecting nematodes are common on white clover (Trifolium repens) in dairy pastures on the north coast of New South Wales and southeastern Queensland, Australia, where they are thought to contribute to poor growth and persistence. The nematode responsible for causing root-knot symptoms on white clover was identified as Meloidogyne trifoliophila, a species not previously recorded from Australia. M. trifoliophila failed to reproduce on any of the standard North Carolina hosts used to identify M. javanica, M. hapla, M. arenaria and M. incognita , but caused severe galling and exhibited a high rate of reproduction on white clover. PCR primers for these Meloidogyne species also failed to amplify DNA of M. trifoliophila. Identity was confirmed by morphological measurements and plant symptoms. In a glasshouse test, increasing initial nematode density within the range 0 to 10 000 per 500 ml pot led to reduced shoot and root growth, fewer nodules and more severe root-knot symptoms. A second pot test screened weed species as potential alternative hosts of M. trifoliophila. None of the eight grass species was galled but M. trifoliophila reproduced on two of the eight dicotyledon weeds, spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and pigweed (Portulaca oleraceae).
Factors affecting the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by several species of beetles
Authors: Maehara Noritoshi , Futai Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2003

AbstractNumerous pinewood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) aggregated around pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus in pine wilt-killed trees and the beetle carried many nematodes. However, few nematodes aggregated around pupal chambers of the other beetles, i.e., Acanthocinus griseus, Pissodes obscurus and Trogossita japonica, and these beetles carried few or no nematodes. The higher percentage of M. alternatus pupal chambers with intense blue-stain of wood would cause more nematodes to aggregate around such chambers, as blue-stain fungi are suitable for B. xylophilus propagation.
A review of the genus Arctidorylaimus Mulvey & Anderson, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with descriptions of Arctidorylaimus gigas sp. n. and A. kurenkovi sp. n. from Russia
Authors: Gagarin Vladimir 
Published: January 2003

AbstractArctidorylaimus gigas sp. n. and Arctidorylaimus kurenkovi sp. n. from the Kuriljskoe Lake (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia) are described from numerous mature females and males. The diagnosis of the genus Arctidorylaimus Mulvey & Anderson, 1979 is emended. The species Arctidorylaimus fluviatilis (Altherr, 1958) comb. n. is transferred from the genus Labronema. A key is given to the species of the genus Arctidorylaimus.
Intentionality, Identity, and Delusions of Control in Schizophrenia: A Husserlian Perspective
Authors: Davidson Larry 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn response to criticisms of phenomenology as being a solipsistic approach to psychological research and theory, this paper examines the interplay of both the creative/active and receptive/passive constituents of subjective experience identified in Husserl's exposition of intentional analysis. By delineating the ways in which intentional constitution requires passive as well as active processes, we come to see in the first part of this paper how experience and personal identity are as much formed and informed by the social and historical world as they are created by individual subjects. Once we have established the non-solipsistic nature of phenomenology, we then apply it in the second part of this paper to open a window onto the disorder of self long considered to be integral to schizophrenia. Through an exploration of the constitution of sense of self in the experiences of two people with schizophrenia, we see how cognitive disruptions, auditory hallucinations, and delusional ideation may be related to fundamental peculiarities in a person's experiences of intentionality and his/her resulting sense of agency and identity. In conclusion, we suggest that while phenomenology may not be able to provide a complete account of psychosis, it may be used to shed valuable, descriptive light on subjective aspects that provide a conceptual base for the consideration of other factors.
Modes of Religiosity: Towards a Cognitive Explanation of the Sociopolitical Dynamics of Religion
Authors: Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn this article is summarized the theory of "modes of religiosity", the doctrinal mode and the imagistic mode. It seeks to contribute to a growing body of research, by explaining, in terms of underlying cognitive mechanisms, some of the varied ways in which religious commitments are experienced, organized, transmitted, and politicized.
A Theory of Ideology: Implications for Religion and Science
Authors: Pyysiäinen Ilkka 
Published: January 2003

AbstractBoth religion and science often have been regarded as forms of ideology. This has created interesting problems for the scientific study of religion. This paper presents a new theory of "ideology" that is based on Dan Sperber's distinction between intuitive and reflective beliefs as well as on his idea of metarepresentation. In ideological thinking it is presumed that decoupling any given beliefs from a given metarepresentational context a priori leads to their misunderstanding. Only intuitive beliefs are free from ideology; they are based on direct perception or very simple inference. All reflective beliefs, scientific and religious alike, are potentially ideological. Ideology thus is contrasted with everyday common sense, not with science. The study of ideologies is not necessarily itself ideological in the same sense as its varying objects. "Ideology" is a graded category; beliefs and arguments are more or less ideological, not either ideological or non-ideological.
Excess, Time, and the Pure Gift: Postmodern Transformations of Marcel Mauss' Theory
Authors: Olson Carl 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMarcel Mauss' study of the gift is generally considered a classic work in the field of religious studies and in the discipline of anthropology. This exemplary paradigm of scholarship, however, is not given the same respect and acceptance by some postmodern thinkers because it fails to address in part the significance of difference. After reviewing the major highlights of Mauss' theory and the insights of Jacques Derrida and George Bataille on the phenomenon of the gift, these theories will be placed within the context of theoretical work on the Hindu notion of the gift in order to test their reflections about the nature of the gift within the context of a particular tradition. Finally, some aspects of the work of Bataille and Derrida will be compared with Mauss in order to demonstrate some of the problems with the respective positions of each side and briefly to compare some aspects of their respective positions on such issues as time, presence, and rationality.
Eosinophilic inflammation in sputum of poorly controlled asthmatics
Authors: Romagnoli M. , Vachier I. , Tarodo de la Fuente P. , Meziane H. , Chavis C. , Bousquet J. , Godard P. , Chanez P. 
Published: January 2003

Despite full effective treatment, asthmatic patients often present with poorly controlled asthma. Airway eosinophilia is associated with asthma, but its relationship with asthma control is still undetermined.To investigate the relationship between airway eosinophilia and asthma control, cellular and biochemical markers of airway inflammation were measured in 19 subjects with poorly controlled asthma, 16 subjects with asthma under control and eight normal volunteers. The severity of asthma was mild-to-moderate persistent in 23 patients (14 poorly controlled) and severe prednisone-dependent in 12 subjects (five poorly controlled). Induced sputum was analysed for total and differential cell counts, leukotriene E4 (LTE4), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and interleukin (IL)-8.Sputum eosinophils, LTE4, ECP and RANTES levels (but not IL-8) were significantly higher in patients with poorly controlled asthma as compared to patients with controlled asthma. By contrast, sputum cells and sputum inflammatory markers were not different among groups of patients with different severity of asthma.These results suggest that sputum eosinophilia is associated with poorly controlled asthma rather than with the severity of asthma.
Physiology and pathophysiology of pleural fluid turnover
Authors: Zocchi L. 
Published: January 2003

Tight control of the volume and composition of the pleural liquid is necessary to ensure an efficient mechanical coupling between lung and chest wall. Liquid enters the pleural space through the parietal pleura down a net filtering pressure gradient. Liquid removal is provided by an absorptive pressure gradient through the visceral pleura, by lymphatic drainage through the stomas of the parietal pleura, and by cellular mechanisms. Indeed, contrary to what was believed in the past, pleural mesothelial cells are metabolically active, and possess the cellular features for active transport of solutes, including vesicular transport of protein. Furthermore, the mesothelium was shown, on the basis of recent experimental evidence, bothin vivoandin vitro, to be a less permeable barrier than previously believed, being provided with permeability characteristics similar to those of the microvascular endothelium. Direct assessment of the relative contribution of the different mechanisms of pleural fluid removal is difficult, due to the difficulty in measuring the relevant parameters in the appropriate areas, and to the fragility of the mesothelium. The role of the visceral pleura in pleural fluid removal under physiological conditions is supported by a number of findings and considerations.Further evidence indicates that direct lymphatic drainage through the stomas of the parietal pleura is crucial in removing particles and cells, and important in removing protein from the pleural space, but should not be the main effector of fluid removal. Its importance, however, increases markedly in the presence of increased intrapleural liquid loads. Removal of protein and liquid by transcytosis, although likely on the basis of morphological findings and suggested by recent indirect experimental evidence, still needs to be directly proven to occur in the pleura. When pleural liquid volume increases, an imbalance occurs in the forces involved in turnover, which favours fluid removal. In case of a primary abnormality of one ore more of the mechanisms of pleural liquid turnover, a pleural effusion ensues. The factors responsible for pleural effusion may be subdivided into three main categories: those changing transpleural pressure balance, those impairing lymphatic drainage, and those producing increases in mesothelial and capillary endothelial permeability. Except in the first case, pleural fluid protein concentration increases above normal: this feature underlies the classification of pleural effusions into transudative and exudative.
Pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Eddahibi S. , Morrell N. , d'Ortho M-P. , Naeije R. , Adnot S. 
Published: January 2003

Recent years have witnessed important advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Both genetic and mechanistic studies have succeeded in identifying new molecular pathways relevant to the process of pulmonary vascular remodelling, which underlies PPH.Mutations in the type II bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor (BMPR)-II are now considered to be the genetic basis for familial PPH and ∼30% of cases of sporadic PPH. The identification of the relevance of the BMP pathway to the aetiology of PPH now raises many questions about the link between the BMPR-II mutant genotype and the PPH phenotype.As PPH does not develop in all subjects with BMPR-II mutations, environmental or associated genetic factors may play a crucial role. Among these, the finding of an association between PPH and the L-allelic variant of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene indicates that 5-HTT, which controls smooth muscle hyperplasia, probably contributes to susceptibility to PPH or is an important modifier of the PPH phenotype.Recognition of these molecular pathways should provide insight into the pathogenesis not only of primary pulmonary hypertension, but also of secondary forms of pulmonary hypertension. This should soon lead to the development of new and more selective therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension.
Sequential genotyping ofPseudomonas aeruginosafrom upper and lower airways of cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Jung A. , Kleinau I. , Schönian G. , Bauernfeind A. , Chen C. , Griese M. , Döring G. , Göbel U. , Wahn U. , Paul K. 
Published: January 2003

A controversy exists concerning the adequate specimen to characterise colonisation of cystic fibrosis (CF) airways byPseudomonas aeruginosa. Oropharyngeal, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were evaluated from 38 stable CF patients for the detection ofP. aeruginosa, genetically different isolates within the same host and longitudinal variations in the genotype during repeated examinations.Bacterial isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of deoxyribonucleic acid macrorestriction fragments.Sensitivity, negative and positive predictive values and specificity to detectP. aeruginosawere 35.7, 73.5, 83.3 and 96.2% for oropharyngeal cultures in nonexpectorating patients and 91.7, 94.1, 100 and 100% for sputum cultures from expectorating patients, respectively. Genotypes of Pseudomonas isolates recovered from oropharyngeal swabs and sputum differed to the strains recovered by bronchoscopy in 55% and 40%, respectively. In 62% longitudinal variations in the genotype occurred. One-half of these alterations were detectable by bronchoscopy only.In conclusion, sputum samples were of equal value as specimens from bronchoalveolar lavage to detectPseudomonas aeruginosacolonisation. Cultures from the oropharynx are not suitable for characterising bacterial conditions in the cystic fibrosis lung. Different genotypes within the same host and longitudinal genetic alterations are common and may be detectable in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exclusively.
Size matching in lung transplantation using predicted total lung capacity
Authors: Ouwens J.P. , van der Mark T.W. , van der Bij W. , Geertsma A. , de Boer W.J. , Koëter G.H. 
Published: January 2003

Height is used in allocation of donor lungs as an indirect estimate of thoracic size. Total lung capacity (TLC), determined by both height and sex, could be a more accurate functional estimation of thoracic size. Size-matching criteria based on heightversuspredicted TLC was retrospectively evaluated, and, furthermore, whether a TLC mismatch was related to clinical and functional complications.The ratio of donor and recipient height, as well as the ratio of predicted TLC in donors and recipients, were calculated in 80 patients after bilateral lung transplantation. Complications evaluated included persistent atelectasis, persistent pneumothorax and increased number of days in intensive care, occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and limitation of exercise capacity.Median height donor/recipient ratio was 1.01 (0.93–1.12). Median predicted TLC donor/recipient ratio was 1.01 (with a clearly broader range 0.72–1.41). Neither sex mismatch nor TLC mismatch were related to clinical or functional complications.Allocation of donor lungs based upon height alone leads to a substantial mismatch in total lung capacity caused by sex mismatch. The absence of complications suggests that a greater height donor/recipient discrepancy can be accepted for allocation than previously assumed.
Partial liquid ventilation: effects of liquid volume and ventilatory settings on perfluorocarbon evaporation
Authors: Loer S.A. , Kindgen-Milles D. , Tarnow J. 
Published: January 2003

During partial liquid ventilation perfluorocarbons are eliminated mainly by evaporationviathe airways. The effects of intrapulmonary perfluorocarbon volume, respiratory rate, tidal volume, as well as the level of end-expiratory pressure on perfluorocarbon elimination from isolated lungs, were studied.Nonperfused rabbit lungs underwent partial liquid ventilation (2–15 mL·kg−1perfluorocarbon) with variable levels of end-expiratory pressure (0–10 cmH2O), respiratory rates (15–60 breaths·min−1) and tidal volumes (3.3–10.0 mL·kg−1). Evaporative loss of perfluorocarbon was determined gravimetrically as rate of change in lung weight.At constant respiratory settings, intrapulmonary liquid volume determined evaporative loss in a nonlinear fashion. Mean evaporation at a liquid volume of 5 mL·kg−1was 13% lower compared to evaporation at a liquid volume of 15 mL·kg−1. Any increase in end-expiratory pressure reduced perfluorocarbon evaporation,e.g.by ∼50% when end-expiratory pressure was increased from 0 to 10 cmH2O. At constant end-expiratory pressure and perfluorocarbon filling evaporation increased in a linear fashion with increasing respiratory rate and tidal volume.In summary, the experiments suggested that evaporative loss of perfluorocarbons during partial liquid ventilation of isolated lungs is increased with increasing intrapulmonary liquid volume, respiratory rate and tidal volume and is reduced in a level-dependent fashion by the application of positive end-expiratory pressure.