bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Nilai Tambah Dan Strategi Pemasaran Usaha Tahu Murni Desa Lengkong Langsa
Authors: Faza Hanifan Sitorus  , Supristiwendi  , Silvia Anzhita  
Published: December 2023

Usaha kecil merupakan kelompok usaha dengan jumlah besar di Indonesia dan terbukti tahan terhadap berbagai macam goncangan krisis ekonomi. Kedelai merupakan produk pertanian yang paling potensial sebagai sumber protein yang murah di masyarakat. Tahu merupakan salah satu olahan pangan dari kedelai yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu industri kecil yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah usaha pembuatan tahu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Responden dari pengusaha tahu, konsumen tahu dan tokoh kunci ditentukan dengan teknik sengaja (purposive sampling). Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis nilai tambah dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian total biaya dalam sebulan untuk pembuatan tahu sebesar Rp.59.261.750. Penerimaan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp.68.400.000/bulan. Pendapatan bersih usaha sebesar Rp.9.138.250. Jumlah output (tahu) yang dihasilkan dalam sebulan sebanyak 6.600 bungkus. Input bahan baku utama kedelai sebanyak 3.000 Kg/bulan dengan harga Rp.13.000/Kg. Tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan dalam pengolahan sebanyak 3 orang yang melakukan produksi 30 hari dalam sebulan dengan jumlah HOK sebanyak 90 HOK/bulan dengan upah Rp.8.400.000/bulan. Nilai output sebesar Rp.22.000 diperoleh dari perkalian faktor konversi dengan harga produk. Nilai tambah yang diperoleh sebesar Rp.6.125/Kg bahan baku kedelai, dengan rasio nilai tambah 27,84%. Nilai tambah >0 maka usaha tahu Buk Murni mampu memberikan nilai tambah yang positif. Hasil pencocokan pada diagram matriks SWOT bahwa keadaan usaha tahu Buk Murni berada pada Kuadran I sehinga strategi yang diterapkan adalah; Mempertahankan ukuran dan kebersihan tahu, memperluas daerah pemasaran dengan mempertahankan rasa dan harga tahu, memperbaiki sistem manajemen limbah dan meningkatkan daya tahan tahu.
Intensive Aerobic Cycling Is Feasible and Elicits Improvements in Gait Velocity in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Simmons Sarah B. , Skolaris Alexis , Love Ryan , Fricker Tori , Penko Amanda L. , Li Yadi , Lapin Brittany , Streicher Matt , Bethoux Francois , Linder Susan M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Aerobic exercise (AEx) has many potential benefits; however, it is unknown whether individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) can attain the optimal intensity and duration to harness its effects. Forced-rate exercise (FE) is a novel paradigm in which the voluntary pedaling rate during cycling is supplemented to achieve a higher exercise intensity. The aim of this pilot trial was to investigate the feasibility and initial efficacy of a 12-week FE or voluntary exercise (VE) cycling intervention for individuals with MS.

METHODS:
Twenty-two participants with MS (Expanded Disability Severity Scale [EDSS] 2.0-6.5) were randomly assigned to FE (n = 12) or VE (n = 10), each with twice weekly 45-minute sessions at a prescribed intensity of 60% to 80% of maximum heart rate (HR).

RESULTS:
Eighteen individuals (FE = 11; VE = 7) completed the intervention, however, adaptations were required in both groups to overcome barriers to cycling. Overall, participants exercised for an average of 42.2 ± 2.3 minutes at an aerobic intensity of 65% ± 7% of maximum HR and a pedaling cadence of 67.3 ± 13.3 RPM. Cycling led to improved treadmill walking speed (0.61 to 0.68 m/sec, P = .010), with somewhat greater improvement with FE compared to VE (increase of 0.09 vs 0.03 m/s, respectively, P = .17) post intervention. Notably, the participant with the highest disability level (EDSS 6.5) tolerated FE but not VE.

CONCLUSIONS:
Aerobic exercise is feasible for individuals with MS, although those with increased disability may require novel paradigms such as FE to achieve targeted intensity. Further trials are warranted to investigate the effects of FE across the MS disability spectrum.
Estimation of serum C-reactive protein activity in periodontal health and disease and response to treatment: a clinico-biochemical study
Authors: Saquib Abullais Shahabe , Wykole Yogesh , Abdul Khader Mohasin , Mohamed Shamsudeen Shaik , Alanazi Sultan , Ullah Khateeb Shafait , Saleem Bhat Mohammad Yunis , Shamsuddin Shaheen 
Published: December 2023

Background
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease affecting periodontium having multifactorial etiology, can cause significant systemic challengein addition to localized inflammation, tissue damage, and bone resorption. A serological marker of systemic inflammation known as C-reactive protein has been linked to an increased risk for a number of pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.

Aim
To estimate levels of serum C-reactive protein in healthy individuals and subjects with periodontal diseases and to compare serum C-reactive protein levels in subjects having periodontal disease pre-operatively & post-operatively.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted on 60 subjects age ranging from 35 to 60 years. 30 individuals with healthy periodontium were in group 1 (control group) and the remaining 30 were diagnosed as adult periodontitis were in group 2 (experimental group). Periodontal examination done using gingival index, plaque index, periodontal pocket depth, and Russel’s index. CRP levels were examined between group 1 and group 2 and in group 2 between baseline visit before treatment and 2 months after treatment.

Results
The findings of this study show a significant connection between periodontal disease and the inflammatory marker CRP in the body, as well as a tendency for a significant decrease in serumCRP levels following periodontitis therapy. At baseline, there was a positive correlation among C-reactive protein, probing pocket depth, and Russell’s index.

Conclusion
As CRP is a key mediator for cardiovascular disease, an increase in C- reactive protein levels in periodontal diseases suggests a significant connection between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Early periodontal treatment might decrease the severity of cardiovascular disease that already exists. This suggests that periodontal examination should be part of routine practicealong with cardiovascular examination.
Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With Eating Disorders in Ontario, Canada, Over Time
Authors: Smith Sarah , Charach Alice , To Teresa , Toulany Alene , Fung Kinwah , Saunders Natasha 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceUnderstanding the evolving characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized for eating disorders is important to ensure that services and treatments align with patient needs.ObjectiveTo examine temporal trends in the rates of hospitalizations for pediatric eating disorders by clinical and demographic characteristics in Ontario, Canada, over a 17-year period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, repeated, cross-sectional study used linked health administrative and demographic databases in Ontario, Canada, to identify individuals aged 5 to 17 years hospitalized with eating disorder diagnoses from April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2020. Data analyses were performed from May 2021 to June 2023.ExposureFiscal year (April 1-March 31) of eating disorder hospitalization.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were absolute and relative changes in pediatric eating disorder hospitalization rates overall and stratified by patient sex, age groups, and eating disorder diagnostic groups.ResultsOver the study period, there were 11 654 pediatric eating disorder hospitalizations, of which 5268 (45.2%) were for anorexia nervosa and 1374 (11.8%) were for bulimia nervosa. There were a total of 10 648 hospitalizations (91.4%) among female patients, and the median (IQR) age was 15.0 (14-0-16.0) years. Hospitalization rates increased 139% from 2002 to 2019, from 2.0 per 10 000 population to 4.8 per 10 000 population. The largest relative changes were observed among male patients (416%; from 0.2 per 10 000 population to 1.1 per 10 000 population), individuals aged 12 to 14 years (196%; from 2.2 per 10 000 population to 6.6 per 10 000 population), and individuals with eating disorders other than anorexia or bulimia nervosa (255%; from 0.6 per 10 000 population to 2.1 per 10 000 population). Male patients, younger adolescents, and individuals with other eating disorders also represented larger proportions of hospitalizations by fiscal 2019.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of eating disorder hospitalizations, pediatric hospitalizations increased over time, particularly among populations traditionally considered atypical. Existing eating disorder programs must adapt to accommodate changing patient presentations and increased volumes to ensure effective care delivery.
Enabling Proregenerative Medical Devices via Citrate‐Based Biomaterials: Transitioning from Inert to Regenerative Biomaterials
Authors: Wang Huifeng , Huddleston Samantha , Yang Jian , Ameer Guillermo A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRegenerative medicine aims to restore tissue and organ function without the use of prosthetics and permanent implants. However, achieving this goal has been elusive, and the field remains mostly an academic discipline with few products widely used in clinical practice. From a materials science perspective, barriers include the lack of proregenerative biomaterials, a complex regulatory process to demonstrate safety and efficacy, and user adoption challenges. Although biomaterials, particularly biodegradable polymers, can play a major role in regenerative medicine, their suboptimal mechanical and degradation properties often limit their use, and they do not support inherent biological processes that facilitate tissue regeneration. As of 2020, nine synthetic biodegradable polymers used in medical devices are cleared or approved for use in the United States of America. Despite the limitations in the design, production, and marketing of these devices, this small number of biodegradable polymers has dominated the resorbable medical device market for the past 50 years. This perspective will review the history and applications of biodegradable polymers used in medical devices, highlight the need and requirements for regenerative biomaterials, and discuss the path behind the recent successful introduction of citrate‐based biomaterials for manufacturing innovative medical products aimed at improving the outcome of musculoskeletal surgeries.
Quantification of Organic Solvent Concentration Profiles in Ion Exchange Membranes Via Confocal Raman Microscopy
Authors: Götz Carina , Komma Miriam , Dworschak Dominik , Thiele Simon , Böhm Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes used in direct alcohol fuel cells cause low faradaic efficiency and performance due to alcohol absorption and permeation. Thus, a measurement setup is sought that enables a direct evaluation of the suitability of polymer electrolytes for this application. A 3D‐printed diffusion cell setup capable of measuring the interaction between the organic solvents, such as alcohols, and a proton exchange membrane via confocal Raman microscopy is introduced. The cell design employs flow channels to mimic the flow fields of electrochemical cell tests. Exemplarily, information on the interaction of membranes like Nafion 212 and the composite membrane Nafion XL with 1 m solutions of organic solvents such as 2‐propanol, acetone, and ethanol are provided to demonstrate the applicability of this setup. The Raman diffusion cell is capable of quantifying the preferred solvent uptake, which is characterized by the sorption coefficient, the permeability, and the concentration gradient within the membrane. These properties can be obtained in situ and in a time‐resolved manner. Thus, this diffusion cell setup is a powerful and accessible tool for screening membrane compatibility with various liquids.
Order and Disorder in Mixed (Si, P)–N Networks Sr2SiP2N6:Eu2+ and Sr5Si2P6N16:Eu2+
Authors: Dialer Marwin , Pointner Monika M. , Wandelt Sophia L. , Strobel Philipp , Schmidt Peter J. , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Winkler Björn , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the field of nitride phosphors, which are crucial for phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes, mixed tetrahedral networks hold a significant position. With respect to the wide range of compositions, the largely unexplored (Si, P)–N networks are investigated as potential host structures. In this work, two highly condensed structures, namely Sr2SiP2N6 and Sr5Si2P6N16 are reported to address the challenges that arise from the similarities of the network‐forming cations Si4+ and P5+ in terms of charge, ionic radius, and atomic scattering factor, a multistep workflow is employed to elucidate their structure. Using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)‐EDX maps, and straightforward crystallographic calculations, it is found that Sr2SiP2N6 is the first ordered, and Sr5Si2P6N16 the first disordered, anionic tetrahedral (Si, P)–N network. After doping with Eu2+, Sr2SiP2N6:Eu2+ shows narrow cyan emission (λmax = 506 nm, fwhm = 60 nm/2311 cm−1), while for Sr5Si2P6N16:Eu2+ a broad emission with three maxima at 534, 662, and 745 nm upon irradiation with ultraviolet light is observed. An assignment of Sr sites as probable positions for Eu2+ and their relation to the emission bands of Sr5Si2P6N16:Eu2+ is discussed.
A Pick‐and‐Place Technology Enabled, Mechanically Programmable, Spiral Optical Waveguides Integrated Hybrid Circuits from Four Extremely Pseudo‐Plastic Organic Crystals for Visible Spectral Band Tunability
Authors: Kumar Avulu Vinod , Godumala Mallesham , Ravi Jada , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the field of silicon photonics, highly compact and miniature high‐density circuits are achieved by precisely shaping millimeter‐long waveguides into spiral configurations. Organic photonics, on the other hand, takes advantage of mechanically flexible crystal spiral waveguides (SWs) within organic photonic circuits. These SWs offer versatility, enabling precise control over light paths and mechanical programmability. This study introduces an innovative pick‐and‐place technique for constructing various organic spiral waveguides (OSWs) with different geometries, such as Cornu, Archimedean, elliptical, rectangular, four‐sided polygons, and three‐sided polygons. Additionally, this method allows for the creation of optically reprogrammable photonic circuits. Custom‐synthesized flexible crystals are used, including blue‐emitting (Z)−3‐(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)−2‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acrylonitrile (Cz‐2CF3), green‐emitting (E)−1‐(((5‐bromopyridin‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalene‐2‐ol (BPyIN), cyan‐emitting 9,10‐dibromo anthracene (DBA), and red‐emitting 4,7‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTD). Systematically integrating a Cz‐2CF3 OSW (with two ports for optical signal routing in clockwise/counterclockwise directions) with DBA and BTD waveguides produces multi‐color hybrid photonic circuits with customizable optical functions, tailored to specific design needs. The number of output ports can be dynamically adjusted through mechanical programming by coupling crystals tip‐to‐tip when replacing the DBA waveguide with a BPyIN waveguide using the pick‐and‐place technology. This mechanically programmable hybrid spiral photonic circuit seamlessly operates across the entire visible spectral bandwidth, making it valuable for various applications, including high‐fidelity sensing, spectrometer components, and intelligent circuitry.
Fluorene and Tetraphenylsilane Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Nitroaromatics Detection in Aqueous Media
Authors: Ren Baoping , Cui Qihao , Dong Wenyue , Fei Teng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are considered promising sensing materials for the detection of nitroaromatics. Unfortunately, the photoluminescence (PL) sensing application in water media is limited, owing to the poor solubility/dispersion in aqueous media. Here, two novel CMPs named poly(dimethylfluorene‐co‐tetrakis(4‐phenyl)silane)s (P4SiF) and poly(dimethylfluorene‐co‐tetrakis(3‐phenyl)silane)s (P3SiF) nanoparticles based on fluorene group and tetraphenylsilane unit are prepared using Suzuki coupling in water/toluene miniemulsion. P4SiF and P3SiF possess spherical particle morphology with sizes of 45 and 60 nm, respectively, and porous structure with pore diameters of both 1.9 nm. PL sensing experiments based on P4SiF and P3SiF nanoparticles in aqueous media show a sensitive and selective detection toward 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP). It is worth noting that the PL quenching effect toward TNP is not significantly changed after the addition of other nitro compounds, proving the excellent anti‐interference characteristic and highly selective detection of the polymers in water. Moreover, the t‐test indicates that the PL sensing method using P4SiF and P3SiF nanoparticles as sensing materials realizes the reliable detection of TNP in actual water samples at a 95% confidence level. Finally, the PL sensing mechanism is investigated, showing that the inner filter effect is the main factor in the PL quenching process of TNP in aqueous media.
Astrocyte‐Derived Extracellular Vesicular miR‐143‐3p Dampens Autophagic Degradation of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules and Promotes Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration after Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Wu Xun , Liu Haixiao , Hu Qing , Wang Jin , Zhang Shenghao , Cui Wenxing , Shi Yingwu , Bai Hao , Zhou Jinpeng , Han Liying , Li Leiyang , Wu Yang , Luo Jianing , Wang Tinghao , Guo Chengxuan , Wang Qiang , Ge Shunnan , Qu Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPivotal roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders including acute brain injury are increasingly acknowledged. Through the analysis of EVs packaged miRNAs in plasma samples from patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), it is discovered that the level of EVs packaged miR‐143‐3p (EVs‐miR‐143‐3p) correlates closely with perihematomal edema and neurological outcomes. Further study reveals that, upon ICH, EVs‐miR‐143‐3p is robustly secreted by astrocytes and can shuttle into brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Heightened levels of miR‐143‐3p in BMECs induce the up‐regulated expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind to circulating neutrophils and facilitate their transendothelial cell migration (TEM) into brain. Mechanism‐wise, miR‐143‐3p directly targets ATP6V1A, resulting in impaired lysosomal hydrolysis ability and reduced autophagic degradation of CAMs. Importantly, a VCAM‐1–targeting EVs system to selectively deliver miR‐143‐3p inhibitor to pathological BMECs is created, which shows satisfactory therapeutic effects in both ICH and traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse models. In conclusion, the study highlights the causal role of EVs‐miR‐143‐3p in BMECs’ dysfunction in acute brain injury and demonstrates a proof of concept that engineered EVs can be devised as a potentially applicable nucleotide drug delivery system for the treatment of CNS disorders.
Plasmonic Multi‐Layered Built‐in Hotspots Nanogaps for Effectively Activating Analytes
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Xiaoyuan , Zhou Jingyi , Fu Qianqian , Lv Bihu , Sun Yixuan , Song Liping , Huang Youju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMulti‐layered plasmonic nanostructures are able to highly promote the near‐field confinement and effectively activate analytes, which are of predominate significance but are extremely challenging. Herein, the semi‐open Au core@carved AuAg multi‐shell superstructure nanoparticles (multi‐Au@Ag‐Au NPs, multi = mono, bi, tri, tetra, and penta) are reported with a high designability on electromagnetic field and capability of effectively capturing analytes. By controlling synthetic parameters such as the number of galvanic exchange and Ag growth, multi‐Au@Ag‐Au NPs are successfully obtained, with tunable layer numbers and asymmetric nanoholes. Due to collective plasmon oscillations of multi‐layered built‐in nanogaps, the electromagnetic field strength of a single penta‐Au@Ag‐Au entity reach 48841. More importantly, the penta‐Au@Ag‐Au NPs show a remarkable light‐harvesting capability, which is adaptive to different Raman lasers, supporting high‐diversity detection. Additionally, the structural specificity allows analytes to be sufficiently captured into interior hotspots, and further achieve highly sensitive detection with limit of detection down to 3.22 × 10−12 M. This study not only provides an effective pathway for integrating abundant hotspots and activating target molecules in single plasmonic superstructure, but stimulates advancements in SERS substrates for various applications.
Machine Learning for Ultra High Throughput Screening of Organic Solar Cells: Solving the Needle in the Haystack Problem
Authors: Hußner Markus , Pacalaj Richard Adam , Olaf Müller‐Dieckert Gerhard , Liu Chao , Zhou Zhisheng , Majeed Nahdia , Greedy Steve , Ramirez Ivan , Li Ning , Hosseini Seyed Mehrdad , Uhrich Christian , Brabec Christoph Josef , Durrant James Robert , Deibel Carsten , MacKenzie Roderick Charles Ian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOver the last two decades the organic solar cell community has synthesized tens of thousands of novel polymers and small molecules in the search for an optimum light harvesting material. These materials are often crudely evaluated simply by measuring the current–voltage (JV) curves in the light to obtain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Materials with low PCEs are quickly disregarded in the search for higher efficiencies. More complex measurements such as frequency/time domain characterization that could explain why the material performed as it is often not performed as they are too time consuming/complex. This limited feedback forced the field to advance using a more or less random walk of material development and has significantly slowed progress. Herein, a simple technique based on machine learning that can quickly and accurately extract recombination time constants and charge carrier mobilities as a function of light intensity simply from light/dark JV curves alone. This technique reduces the time to fully analyze a working cell from weeks to seconds and opens up the possibility of not only fully characterizing new devices as they are fabricated, but also data mining historical data sets for promising materials the community has overlooked.