bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets
Authors: Arafat Mosab , Sakkal Molham , Bostanudin Mohammad F. , Alhanbali Othman Abdulrahim , Yuvaraju Priya , Beiram Rami , Sadek Bassem , Akour Amal , AbuRuz Salahdein 
Published: October 2023

Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the protective functionality of enteric coating films for pantoprazole (PNZ) generic tablets after their recall from the market. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between generic and branded PNZ products, using pure drug powder for identification. The in vitro release of the drug was evaluated in different pH media. The study also utilized various analytical and thermal techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. Results: The in vitro assessment results revealed significant variations in the release profile for the generic product in acidic media at 120 min. DSC and TGA thermal profile analyses showed slight variation between the two products. XRD analysis exhibited a noticeable difference in peak intensity for the generic sample, while SEM revealed smaller particle sizes in the generic product. The obtained spectra profile for the generic product displayed significant variation in peaks and band intensity, possibly due to impurities. These findings suggest that the excipients used in the enteric coating film of the generic product may have affected its protective functionality, leading to premature drug release in acidic media. Additionally, the presence of polysorbate 80 (P-80) in the brand product might improve the properties of the enteric coating film due to its multi-functionality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the excipients used in the brand product demonstrated superior functionality in effectively protecting the drug molecule from acidic media through the enteric coating film, as compared to the generic version.
Patterns and determinants of antibiotic prescription among children admitted to public hospitals in Kenya: A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Otuko Rachel , Maina Michuki , Mwaniki Paul , Mweu Marshal , Akech Samuel 
Published: October 2023

Background: Sick children frequently have antibiotics prescribed as part of their treatment. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, can result in the development of antibiotic resistance and the consequences of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we use routinely collected data to describe the patterns and identify factors influencing antibiotic prescription among admitted children. Methods: Routine data collected from medical records of children aged 2 months or older admitted between 2014 and 2020 to paediatric wards of 12 hospitals which are part of a Clinical Information Network (CIN) are used. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression is used to assess determinants of antibiotic prescription with a random slope and intercept for hospital level. Results: A total of 127,984 antibiotic prescriptions were made in 107,500 participants included in the study where 81.1% (87,183/107,500) had one or more antibiotic prescriptions. The commonly prescribed antibiotics were a combination of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin (37,939/127,984 - 29.6%), ceftriaxone (31,172/127,984 - 24.6%) and oral amoxicillin (12,593 /127,984 - 9.8%). Factors associated with antibiotic prescription were history of cough (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.966 - 2.152), bloody diarrhoea (aOR=5.6, CI:4.453 - 7.036), diagnoses of pneumonia (aOR=27.66, CI:21.768 - 35.154), malnutrition (aOR=6.3, CI:4.558 - 8.701) and meningitis (aOR=11.85, CI:9.502 - 14.779). Antibiotic prescription was less likely in children diagnosed only with severe anaemia (aOR=0.8, CI:0.742 - 0.870), malaria (aOR:0.22, CI:0.201 - 0.231), diarrhoea (aOR:0.36, CI:0.331 - 0.398), and dehydration (aOR=0.4, CI:0.347 - 0.464). Conclusion: Antibiotics are prescribed in approximately four of every five children admitted to paediatric wards of Kenyan hospitals. Prescriptions are mainly in patients who fulfil syndromic clinical criteria where antibiotics are indicated. Without the introduction of reliable pathogen diagnostics, it will be difficult to reduce antibiotic prescriptions among admitted children.
EUV telescope for a Cubesat nanosatellite
Authors: Kuzin Sergey , Bogachev Sergey , Pertsov Andrey , Loboda Ivan , Chervinsky Viktor , Chkhalo Nikolay , Lopatin Alexey , Malyshev Ilya , Pestov Alexey , Pleshkov Roman , Polkovnikov Vladimir , Toropov Michael , Tsybin Nikolay , Zuev Sergey 
Published: October 2023

This paper describes in detail a compact (2U format) telescope operating in the extreme ultraviolet range for studying the solar corona at a wavelength of 17.14 nm. The telescope objective has been built according to the Ritchey–Chrétien scheme with the following parameters: effective focal length of 381.3 mm, field of view of 2×2∘, and angular resolution of 11 in. Reflective multilayer Al/Be coatings were used, having 55% reflectance and a 0.4 nm spectral bandwidth. The wavefront rms error is 30 nm. An interferometric technique for controlling the shapes of the substrates and for adjusting the optical system and detector of the telescope assembly is described in detail.
Digital literacy as a new determinant of health: A scoping review
Authors: Arias López Maria del Pilar , Ong Bradley A. , Borrat Frigola Xavier , Fernández Ariel L. , Hicklent Rachel S. , Obeles Arianne J. T. , Rocimo Aubrey M. , Celi Leo A. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Harnessing new digital technologies can improve access to health care but can also widen the health divide for those with poor digital literacy. This scoping review aims to assess the current situation of low digital health literacy in terms of its definition, reach, impact on health and interventions for its mitigation.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search strategy was composed by a qualified medical librarian. Literature databases [Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, and Google Scholar] were queried using appropriate natural language and controlled vocabulary terms along with hand-searching and citation chaining. We focused on recent and highly cited references published in English. Reviews were excluded. This scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley.

Results
A total of 268 articles were identified (263 from the initial search and 5 more added from the references of the original papers), 53 of which were finally selected for full text analysis. Digital health literacy is the most frequently used descriptor to refer to the ability to find and use health information with the goal of addressing or solving a health problem using technology. The most utilized tool to assess digital health literacy is the eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS), a self-reported measurement tool that evaluates six core dimensions and is available in various languages. Individuals with higher digital health literacy scores have better self-management and participation in their own medical decisions, mental and psychological state and quality of life. Effective interventions addressing poor digital health literacy included education/training and social support.

Conclusions
Although there is interest in the study and impact of poor digital health literacy, there is still a long way to go to improve measurement tools and find effective interventions to reduce the digital health divide.
Risk stratification of atrial fibrillation and stroke using single nucleotide polymorphism and circulating biomarkers
Authors: Sasano Tetsuo , Ihara Kensuke , Tanaka Toshihiro , Furukawa Tetsushi 
Published: October 2023

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and it causes a high rate of complications such as stroke. It is known that AF begins as paroxysmal form and gradually progresses to persistent form, and sometimes it is difficult to identify paroxysmal AF (PAF) before having stroke. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of PAF and stroke using genetic analysis and circulating biomarkers.

Materials and methods
A total of 600 adult subjects were enrolled (300 from PAF and control groups). Peripheral blood was drawn to identify the genetic variation and biomarkers. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was measured from plasma. Four microRNAs (miR-99a-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-214-3p, and miR-342-5p) were quantified in serum using quantitative RT-PCR.

Results
Genotyping identified 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with AF (rs6817105, rs3807989, rs10824026, and rs2106261), and the genetic risk score using 4 SNPs showed the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.631. Circulating miRNAs and cfDNA did not show significant differences between PAF and control groups. The concentration of cfDNA was significantly higher in patients with a history of stroke, and the AUC was 0.950 to estimate the association with stroke.

Conclusion
The risk of AF could be assessed by genetic risk score. Furthermore, the risk of stroke might be evaluated by plasma cfDNA level.
Mechanical bone strength decreases considerably after microwave ablation–Ex-vivo and in-vivo analysis in sheep long bones
Authors: Nijland Hendricus , Zhu Jinwen , Kwee Thomas C. , Hao Ding-Jun , Jutte Paul C. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Bone metastases are on the rise due to longer survival of cancer patients. Local tumor control is required for pain relief. Microwave ablation (MWA) is a technique for minimally invasive local tumor treatment. Tumor tissue is destroyed by application of local hyperthermia to induce necrosis. Given the most common setting of palliative care, it is generally considered beneficial for patients to start mobilizing directly following treatment. No data on mechanical strength in long bones after MWA have been published so far.

Materials and methods
In- and ex-vivo experiments on sheep tibias were performed with MWA in various combinations of settings for time and power. During the in-vivo part sheep were sacrificed one or six weeks after ablation. Mechanical strength was examined with a three-point bending test for ablations in the diaphysis and with an indentation test for ablations in the metaphysis.

Results
MWA does not decrease mechanical strength in the diaphysis. In the metaphysis strength decreased up to 50% six weeks after ablation, which was not seen directly after ablation.

Conclusion
MWA appears to decrease mechanical strength in long bone metaphysis up to 50% after six weeks, however strength remains sufficient for direct mobilization. The time before normal strength is regained after the remodeling phase is not known.
Identifying and understanding the care pathway of patients with atrial fibrillation in Brazil and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Goulart Alessandra C. , Varella Ana C. , Gooden Tiffany E. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Jolly Kate , Thomas G. Neil , Lotufo Paulo A. , Greenfield Sheila , Olmos Rodrigo D. , Bensenor Isabela M. , Manaseki-Holland Semira ,   on behalf of the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management
Published: October 2023

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke. To enable improvements to AF diagnosis and follow-up care, understanding current patient pathways and barriers to optimal care are essential. We investigated the patient care pathways and their drivers, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient pathways in a middle-income country setting, Brazil.

Methods
This mixed-methods study in São Paulo, included adults (≥18y) with AF from 13 primary/secondary healthcare facilities. Surveys using baseline, follow-up (administered ≥two months after baseline) and COVID-19 questionnaires (quantitative), and three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. Minimum sample size for the quantitative component was 236 and we aimed to reach saturation with at least three FGDs for the qualitative component. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data and a content analysis was used for qualitative data to identify themes related to AF diagnosis and follow-up care.

Results
267 participants completed the baseline questionnaire: 25% were diagnosed in primary care, 65% in an emergency or inpatient department. At follow-up (n = 259), 31% visited more than one facility for AF care, and 7% had no follow-up. Intervals between international normalised ratio (INR) tests were increased during the pandemic, and the number of healthcare visits and availability of medication were reduced. Seventeen patients participated in three FGDs and revealed that AF diagnosis often occurred following a medical emergency and patients often delay care-seeking due to misconceptions about AF symptoms. Long waiting times, doctor/patient interactions and health system factors, such as doctor availability and the referral system, influence where participants visited for follow-up care.

Conclusions
Lack of public awareness and underdeveloped primary healthcare lead to delayed diagnosis, which impacts clinical outcomes and excess patient and healthcare system costs. Health system, care-provider, and pandemic factors disrupt timely and effective continuity of care.
Titanium nitride coating of pectus bar increases metal contamination after minimally-invasive repair of pectus excavatum
Authors: Fortmann Caroline , Göen Thomas , Wiesner Soeren , Hegermann Jan , Kiblawi Rim , Dohna Martha , Ure Benno M. , Renz Diane Miriam , Petersen Claus , Kuebler Joachim F. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Previous studies demonstrated a release of toxic metals, e.g. nickel and chromium, from stainless steel bars used for minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE). In the present study, we investigated the impact of titanium nitride coating on the metal release and exposure of MIRPE patients.

Material and methods
We analyzed the courses of nickel and chromium levels in blood, urine and local tissue in patients undergoing MIRPE with a titanium nitride coated pectus bar between 03/2017 and 10/2018. Sample collection was scheduled prior to MIRPE, at defined postoperative time points and at bar removal. Additionally, we evaluated irritative symptoms. Results were compared to a control group who received uncoated stainless steel bars in a previous time period (03/2015–02/2017).

Results
12 patients received coated pectus bars (mean age 15.7 years). The control group included 28 patients. After implantation of a titanium nitride coated bar, significant increase in systemic nickel and chromium levels after one, two and three years was noted. In an interim analysis one year after MIRPE, we observed patients with coated bars to have significantly elevated trace metal values compared to the control group. This elevation persisted throughout the observation period. Tissue metal values were also significantly increased. Irritative symptoms occurred significantly more often in study patients compared to controls (50.0% vs. 14.3%).

Conclusions
Coating of pectus bars with titanium nitride failed to reduce metal contamination after MIRPE. Instead, it resulted in a significant increase of trace metal levels after MIRPE, compared to patients with stainless steel bars, which may be explained by wear of the coating and inter-component mobilization processes.
A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants
Authors: McCarty Dana B. , Hite Ashley , Brown Anna , Blazek Kerry , Quinn Lauren , Hammond Sara , Boynton Marcella , O’Shea T. Michael 
Published: October 2023

Objective
The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the potential impacts of two different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on preterm infant head shape and circumference.

Study design
Twenty infants born at <32 weeks gestational age requiring CPAP support were enrolled. Ten infants used the Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP device and 10 infants used the Fisher-Paykel CPAP device. Infant Cranial Index (CI) and head circumference (HC) were collected weekly as well as infant gestational age at birth, and total number of days on CPAP.

Results
At baseline, average total birthweight of infants was 1021 grams (SD = 227 grams), average gestational age was 26.9 weeks (SD = 1.80), mean CI was 79.7 cm (SD = 5.95), and HC was 10.2 cm (SD = 0.92). Days on CPAP ranged from 16 to 63 days, with an average of 40.7 (SD = 13.6) days. Neither CI nor HC differed by device type; however, the Fisher-Paykel device was associated with slightly greater HC growth rate.

Conclusion
CPAP devices and the pressures they apply plausibly contribute to preterm infant cranial molding over time, with the greatest potential impact on infants who require CPAP support for longer periods; however, these findings must be validated in larger cohorts. Additionally, positioning practices should be further examined to determine how they may contribute to or prevent the development of cranial molding deformity.
“Dysregulated not deficit”: A qualitative study on symptomatology of ADHD in young adults
Authors: Ginapp Callie M. , Greenberg Norman R. , MacDonald-Gagnon Grace , Angarita Gustavo A. , Bold Krysten W. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition that often persists into adulthood, although data suggest that the current diagnostic criteria may not represent how the condition presents in adults. We aimed to use qualitative methods to better understand ADHD symptomatology in young adults, especially regarding attentional and emotional dysregulation.

Methods
Nine focus groups involving young adults (aged 18–35 years; N = 43; 84% female; 86% US and Canada) with diagnoses of ADHD were conducted. Participants were asked about their perceptions of the current diagnostic criteria and how their symptoms have presented and changed over time. Data were analyzed using an interpretive phenomenological analysis framework.

Results
Most participants reported that the diagnostic criteria did not accurately capture their experiences with ADHD. They reported struggling with attention dysregulation, including hyperfocusing, and emotional dysregulation, including rejection-sensitive dysphoria. Many participants believed that their changing environments and behavioral adaptations influenced how their symptoms presented into adulthood.

Conclusion
Current diagnostic criteria for ADHD may not capture the range of symptoms present in young adults. More research is needed to characterize attentional and emotional dysregulation in this population.
Safety and clinical impact of adenosine stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance in Asian patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Kaolawanich Yodying , Songsangjinda Thammarak , Jirataiporn Kanchalaporn , Yindeengam Ahthit , Krittayaphong Rungroj 
Published: October 2023

Background
Adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is increasingly utilized for evaluating patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to assess the safety and clinical impact of adenosine stress CMR in a tertiary care setting in Thailand.

Methods
A total of 3,768 consecutive patients aged 18 years and above who underwent adenosine stress CMR between 2017 and 2020 were included in the study. Patient records were reviewed to collect data on clinical characteristics, hemodynamic measurements, complications during or immediately after CMR, and the rates of clinical changes resulting from CMR.

Results
Among the included patients, the primary indications for adenosine stress CMR were risk stratification in suspected CAD (70.8%) and the assessment of myocardial ischemia/viability in patients with known CAD (26.5%). There were no reported deaths or acute myocardial infarctions during the procedure. Major complications, specifically acute pulmonary edema requiring hospital observation or admission for further management, occurred in four patients (0.11%), all of whom were elderly (ranging from 75 to 91 years) with a history of heart failure. Non-major complications were observed in 13.7% of patients, with dyspnea (9.8%) and mild chest pain (5.6%) being the most common. CMR provided a completely new diagnosis in 26.2% of patients. Overall, stress CMR resulted in a change in diagnosis or management for 48% of patients.

Conclusion
Adenosine stress CMR was found to be safe and to have a significant impact on clinical management in Asian patients with known or suspected CAD. These findings support the use of adenosine stress CMR as a valuable tool for evaluating and guiding treatment decisions in this patient population.
Analityka i metafizyka w teorii estetycznej Johanna Gottfrieda Herdera
Authors: Michalski Rafał Andrzej 
Published: October 2023

The main purpose of this article is to discuss the basic assumptions of the analytic method in Johann Gottfried Herder’s philosophy of art and theory of sense cognition. Analytic method, along with phenomenology and historical hermeneutics, is an essential component of his innovative project of philosophical aesthetics, which is based on the assumptions of sensualist metaphysics. The goal of Herder’s phenomenology is to isolate the sensory fields on which the various types of art are founded and to grasp the essential, qualitative features of a work of art. Hermeneutics examines the context of historical and cultural conditions that have determined such and not other forms of artistic expression and the laws that govern it. Meanwhile, the analysis of aesthetic categories serves as an organizing framework for synthesizing the findings obtained through the implementation of other research methods, thus laying the foundation for the theoretical edifice of aesthetics. The reconstruction of the analytics and metaphysics of aesthetics will be preceded by a discussion of the philosophical ideas of Leibniz and Baumgarten on which Herder’s theory is based.