bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-23 Effects of Creep-Feeding Supplementation on Growth Performance of Nellore Calves and Milk Yield of Dams
Authors: Sousa Luciana Melo , Garcia Anna Lidia Francino , de Queiroz Amanda Caroliny Marques , Bisio Gustavo Henrique Maciel , de Porcionato Marco Aurélio Felício , de Resende Flávio Dutra , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of creep-feeding on growth performance of beef calves and milk yield of dams, during nursing phase. The experiment lasted 170 days, from December/2021 to May/2022, the calves were born in September/2021 and creep-feeding supplementation started from approximately 70 days of life until weaning. The experimental design used was a randomized block [blocked by body weight (BW) of calves]. The experimental units were the paddocks (8 units per treatment, and ten replicates per paddock), totalling 156 pairs cow/calf (86 pairs of male calves and 70 pairs of female calves). The treatments consisted of creep-feeding or not creep-feeding the calves: control treatment (CONT; mineral supplement ad libitum) and creep-feeding treatment (CREEP; energetic protein supplement; 5 g/kg of BW· animal-1· /day-1). There was mineral supplement ad libitum for all the dams. The pairs cow/calf were kept in an area of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The data were analyzed using the SAS PROC MIXED. Male calves subjected to CONT showed less BW (-15 kg) at weaning and decreased average daily gain (ADG; -100g/day) until weaning (P &lt; 0.01; Figure 1), while female calves showed no difference in BW and ADG (P &gt; 0.12; Figure 2). The dams did not show difference in milk yield until weaning (P &gt; 0.27) for male and female calves (Figure 3). This difference in results related to gender is explained by the fact that there are differences in the performance of males and females, mainly due to hormonal issues. Usually, females are born lighter than males and tend to have decreased performance throughout the whole production cycle. For milk yield and performance of dams, our results agree with what is found in the literature. There are some studies which also evaluated milk production of dams when the offspring were creep-fed, and found similar milk yield for those whose offspring received supplement in relation to those who did not receive it. This is likely because calves prefer milk, supplement, and forage, in that order, so it seems unlikely that calves would replace milk with supplements. And these results show us that the difference in the BW at weaning of males was caused by the creep-feeding supplementation.
PSVI-27 Evaluation of Coated and Non-Coated Seed Species Pertinent to the Great Basin in Response to in Vitro Ruminal Incubation
Authors: Holton Graham , Silva Aghata , Franco Arturo Macias , Richardson William , Stringham Tamzen , Brody Tio , Mazza Pedro , Madsen Matthew , Fonseca Mozart A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Target grazing has exhibited itself as an effective method of invasive weed mitigation across degraded rangelands in the Great Basin. Additionally, if the seeds of target species are supplemented into the diets of ruminants, they can serve as vectors for the dispersal of native seed species through fecal pats, which may prove to be a useful tactic for rangeland rehabilitation. However, a challenge associated with seed supplementation, is that the seeds of many target species are sufficiently degraded in the rumen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed coating technologies on germination rates post ruminal in vitro incubation. In vitro incubations were performed on seven species of seeds pertinent to the Great Basin: Achnatherum hymenoides (ACHY), Achillea millefolium (ACMI), Agropyron cristatum (AGCR), Atriplex canascens (ATCA), Elymus elymoides (ELEL), Pseudoregneria spicata (PSSP), and Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia (SPRT) uncoated (control) or coated with either Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or PVP+ ethocel, as well as uncoated Bromus tectorum (BRTE) seeds. A Daisy II incubator (Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY) was used for the in vitro analysis with rumen inoculum from two rumen-cannulated crossbred Angus steers (body weight = 910.5 ± 34.5 kg) and a buffer ratio of 1:4. Two F57 filter bags containing 1 g of seeds per treatment (control, PVP or PVP+ethocel) were then placed inside of the Daisy II incubator and kept at 39°C for 12 and 24 h for the control treatments, and for 12, 24, and 48 h for the PVP and PVP+ethocel coating treatments. For uncoated seeds, ACHY germination by 24 h was greater when compared with 0 h (P &lt; 0.05), whereas ATCA germination rate decreased linearly by 12 h (P &lt; 0.05). No differences were observed over time on germination rates of BRTE, as well as all of the other uncoated seeds (P &gt; 0.05). When seeds were coated with PVP, ATCA germination rates started to linearly decrease by 12 h (P &lt; 0.05), whereas PVP coated ACMI germination rates only started to decrease by 24 h (P &lt; 0.05). The germination rates of PVP coated ELEL and PSSP seeds only started to significantly decrease by 48 h (P &lt; 0.05). When coated with PVP+ethocel, the observed germination rates were similar to those observed for PVP coated seeds. However, when compared with uncoated seeds, coating with PVP+ethocel seem to decrease germination rates of ACMI and ATCA by 0 h (P &lt; 0.05). No changes on germination rates were observed over time for coated and uncoated AGCR and SPRT (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, seed germination rates after in vitro incubation were not increased by coating the seeds with PVP or PVP+ethocel.
PSXIII-17 Feeding Sorghum Silage: Effects of Grain Processing on Intake and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Backgrounding Beef Heifers
Authors: Abdelhadi Leandro O , Mattioli Guillermo , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of processing sorghum silage (SS) at harvest on dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. A dual-purpose sorghum (ADV2450IG, Advanta seeds, Irving, TX) was harvested (Claas Jaguar 930, Harsewinkel, Germany) at the late-dough stage of grain maturity and processed (PRO) or not (NPR) with a specific SS cracker (196 mm rolls of 125 teeth each, 40% speed differential, 1.1 mm roll gap). Whole-plant was chopped at 15 mm and ensiled in polyethylene ag-bags (60 m long and 2.74 m diameter) for 60 d until the beginning of a performance trial which was followed by the digestibility trial. From a performance trial with eight heifers/pen and 12 pens total (six per treatment), one heifer (13 ± 1.5 mo and 251,4 ± 36.3 kg of BW) by pen was randomly selected for the digestibility trial. Two backgrounding diets containing (DM basis), 90.5% SS either PRO or NPR, 6.5% soybean meal (expeller) and 3% supplement (ROC90, Provimi, Argentina); continued to be offered ad libitum for an extra 3 d of adaptation, while feed and feces were collected the next 4 d. Feed was individually offered once daily, and orts were collected the following day. Fecal samples were collected twice daily and apparent total tract digestibility was determined using uNDF240h as a marker. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit, and initial BW as a covariate. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake tended (P &gt; 0.07) to be greater, while starch intake was greater (P &lt; 0.03) for the NPR treatment. intake of NDF, ADF and CP were not affected by treatments. No differences (P &gt; 0.10) were detected for DM, OM, NDF, ADF and CP digestibility, while starch digestibility was greater (P &lt; 0.001) by processing (93.55 vs. 86.48 for PRO and NPR, respectively). In conclusion, processing sorghum silage at harvest increased apparent total tract digestibility of starch when SS was fed to backgrounding beef heifers.
Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) intoxication symptoms indicate the postharvest presence of broflanilide residues in soil collected from potato fields
Authors: van Herk Willem G , Warren Ralph L , Bailey Terisha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wireworms are primary pests of potatoes in Canada with relatively few effective control options. Recently, a new meta-diamide insecticide, broflanilide, was registered in Canada and the United States as an in-furrow spray applied at planting that provides protection of tubers from feeding damage and dramatically reduces wireworm populations. As part of our routine screening of wireworm response to novel insecticides, we exposed wireworms (predominantly Agriotes obscurus; N=2320) to field soil collected from plots to which either bifenthrin (Capture 2EC) or broflanilide (Cimegra) had been applied at registered rates 124–145 and 314–335 days previously in 2018, 2019, and 2021. Wireworm behavioral responses were assessed using a previously developed numerical scale, and indicated residues were present in sufficient quantity in all broflanilide and most bifenthrin-treated plots to induce morbidity. Transfer of affected wireworms to untreated soil indicated morbidity was generally reversible after exposure to bifenthrin, but not after exposure to broflanilide. There was an inverse relation between wireworm size and the degree of morbidity induced by exposure to broflanilide, but not bifenthrin. Analyses of soil residues indicated readily quantifiable levels of broflanilide still present in undisturbed (not harvested) field soil 314–335 days after application. Insecticide residues in soil samples from disturbed (harvested) sections of the potato plots were lower, as was the degree of morbidity of wireworms exposed to this soil. The use of wireworms as bioindicators of insecticide residues, and the implications of insecticide persistence for wireworm management are discussed.
Characterization of the off-flavor from Pichia pastoris GS115 during the overexpression of an α-l-rhamnosidase
Authors: Yao YuXuan , Zheng ShengLan , Chi ShiLin , Chen Feng , Cai Ning , Cai ZhenZhen , Li Zhipeng , Ni Hui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The off-flavor of Pichia pastoris strains is a negative characteristic of proteins overexpressed with this yeast. In the present study, P. pastoris GS115 overexpressing an α-l-rhamnosidase was taken as the example to characterize the off-flavor via sensory evaluation, gas chromatography–mass spectrometer, gas chromatography–olfaction, and omission test. The result showed that the off-flavor was due to the strong sweaty note, and moderate metallic and plastic notes. Four volatile compounds, that is, tetramethylpyrazine, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, isovaleric acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid, were identified to be major contributors to the sweaty note. Dodecanol and 2-acetylbutyrolactone were identified to be contributors to the metallic and plastic notes, respectively. It is the first study on the off-flavor of P. pastoris strains, helping understand metabolites with off-flavor of this yeast. Interestingly, it is the first study illustrating 2-acetylbutyrolactone and dodecanol with plastic and metallic notes, providing new information about the aromatic contributors of biological products.

Importance
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an important host for the industrial expression of functional proteins. In our previous studies, P. pastoris strains have been sniffed with a strong off-flavor during the overexpression of various functional proteins, limiting the application of these proteins. Although many yeast strains have been reported with off-flavor, no attention has been paid to characterize the off-flavor in P. pastoris so far. Considering that P. pastoris has advantages over other established expression systems of functional proteins, it is of interest to identify the compounds with off-flavor synthesized in the overexpression of functional proteins with P. pastoris strains. In this study, the off-flavor synthesized from P. pastoris GS115 was characterized during the overexpression of an α-l-rhamnosidase, which helps understand the aromatic metabolites with off-flavor of P. pastoris strains. In addition, 2-acetylbutyrolactone and dodecanol were newly revealed with plastic and metallic notes, enriching the aromatic contributors of biological products. Thus, this study is important for understanding the metabolites with off-flavor of P. pastoris strains and other organisms, providing important knowledge to improve the flavor of products yielding with P. pastoris strains and other organisms.

One-Sentence Summary
Characterize the sensory and chemical profile of the off-flavor produced by one strain of P. pastoris in vitro.
Critical reflections on Sri Lanka’s new sui generis geographical indication registration system
Authors: Marsoof Althaf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article critically evaluates the Intellectual Property (Amendment) Act 2022, which introduced a sui generis registration system for geographical indications (GIs) in Sri Lanka. The analysis begins by examining the pre-2022 law and the factors leading to the introduction of the GI registration system. The article then outlines the key features of the new system, highlighting its strengths and shortcomings through a critical analysis. While the 2022 amendment brings positive developments and enhanced protection for registered GIs, it also reveals certain ambiguities and unaddressed issues, which could impair the effective operation of the new system.
Sex differences in cancer incidence among solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Jackson Sarah S , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Hsieh Mei-Chin , Li Jie , Madeleine Margaret M , Pawlish Karen S , Zeng Yun , Yu Kelly J , Engels Eric A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Males have 2–3-fold greater risk of cancer than females at most shared anatomic sites, possibly reflecting enhanced immune surveillance against cancer in females. We examined whether these sex differences remained among immunocompromised adults.

Methods
Using the Transplant Cancer Match (TCM) study, we estimated the male-to-female incidence rate ratio in TCM (M:F IRRTransplant) for 15 cancer sites diagnosed between 1995 and 2017 using Poisson regression. Male to female IRRs in the general population (M:F IRRGP) were calculated using expected cancer counts from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, standardized to the transplant population on age, race and ethnicity, and diagnosis year. Male to female IRRs were compared using a chi-square test.

Results
Among 343 802 solid organ transplants, 211 206 (61.4%) were among men and 132 596 (38.6%) among women. An excess cancer incidence in males was seen in transplant recipients, but the sex difference was attenuated for cancers of the lip (M:F IRRTransplant: 1.81 vs M:F IRRGP: 3.96; P &lt; .0001), stomach (1.51 vs 2.09; P = .002), colorectum (0.98 vs 1.43; P &lt; .0001), liver (2.39 vs 3.44; P = .002), kidney (1.67 vs 2.24; P &lt; .0001), bladder (2.02 vs 4.19; P &lt; .0001), Kaposi sarcoma (1.79 vs 3.26; P = .0009), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1.34 vs 1.64; P &lt; .0001). The M:F IRRTransplant was not statistically different from the M:F IRRGP for other cancer sites.

Conclusions
Although male solid organ transplant recipients have higher cancer incidence than female recipients, the attenuation in the male to female ratio for many cancers studied relative to the general population might suggest the importance of immunosurveillance, with some loss of advantage in female recipients due to immunosuppression after transplantation.
High-throughput digital quantification of Alzheimer disease pathology and associated infrastructure in large autopsy studies
Authors: Kapasi Alifiya , Poirier Jennifer , Hedayat Ahmad , Scherlek Ashley , Mondal Srabani , Wu Tiffany , Gibbons John , Barnes Lisa L , Bennett David A , Leurgans Sue E , Schneider Julie A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-throughput digital pathology offers considerable advantages over traditional semiquantitative and manual methods of counting pathology. We used brain tissue from 5 clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging; the Religious Orders Study, the Rush Memory and Aging Project, the Minority Aging Research Study, the African American Clinical Core, and the Latino Core to (1) develop a workflow management system for digital pathology processes, (2) optimize digital algorithms to quantify Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, and (3) harmonize data statistically. Data from digital algorithms for the quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ, n = 413) whole slide images and tau-tangles (n = 639) were highly correlated with manual pathology data (r = 0.83 to 0.94). Measures were robust and reproducible across different magnifications and repeated scans. Digital measures for Aβ and tau-tangles across multiple brain regions reproduced established patterns of correlations, even when samples were stratified by clinical diagnosis. Finally, we harmonized newly generated digital measures with historical measures across multiple large autopsy-based studies. We describe a multidisciplinary approach to develop a digital pathology pipeline that reproducibly identifies AD neuropathologies, Aβ load, and tau-tangles. Digital pathology is a powerful tool that can overcome critical challenges associated with traditional microscopy methods.
δ13C of bulk organic matter and cellulose reveal post-photosynthetic fractionation during ontogeny in C4 grass leaves
Authors: Yu Yong Zhi , Liu Hai Tao , Yang Fang , Li Lei , Schäufele Rudi , Tcherkez Guillaume , Schnyder Hans , Gong Xiao Ying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 13C isotope composition (δ13C) of leaf dry matter is a useful tool for physiological and ecological studies. However, how post-photosynthetic fractionation associated with respiration and carbon export influences δ13C remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of post-photosynthetic fractionation on δ13C of mature leaves of Cleistogenes squarrosa, a perennial C4 grass, in controlled experiments with different levels of vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen supply. With increasing leaf age class, the 12C/13C fractionation of leaf organic matter relative to the δ13C of atmosphere CO2 (ΔDM) increased while that of cellulose (Δcel) was almost constant. The divergence between ΔDM and Δcel increased with leaf age class, with a maximum value of 1.6‰, indicating the accumulation of post-photosynthetic fractionation. Applying a new mass balance model that accounts for respiration and export of photosynthates, we found an apparent 12C/13C fractionation associated with carbon export of –0.5‰ to –1.0‰. Different ΔDM among leaves, pseudostems, daughter tillers, and roots indicate that post-photosynthetic fractionation happens at the whole-plant level. Compared with ΔDM of old leaves, ΔDM of young leaves and Δcel are more reliable proxies for predicting physiological parameters due to the lower sensitivity to post-photosynthetic fractionation and the similar sensitivity in responses to environmental changes.
Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in the UK: comparison of single vs. pooled samples from healthy pigs
Authors: Deza-Cruz Iñaki , Vilar María J , Velasova Martina , AbuOun Manal , Anjum Muna F , Smith Richard P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study compared the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli detected from single samples vs. pooled samples at herd level. The national monitoring dataset included isolates from one sample per pig holding, whereas the research study included isolates from pooled samples of 10 pigs per holding. In both datasets, caecal samples were collected from healthy pigs randomly selected at slaughterhouses and plated on non-selective and antibiotic selective media. Resistance against a panel of nine antibiotics was compared between datasets by generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs) and by bootstrapped generalized linear model (GLM) to account for pooling. The highest proportion of resistant E. coli was observed against tetracycline and ampicillin in both datasets. In non-selective media, single and pooled samples showed similar results, but the bootstrapped GLM detected significantly lower resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid in the national dataset. In selective media, a significantly greater proportion of resistant isolates was observed in the research dataset for ceftazidime (OR: 0.05, 95%CI = 0.01–0.42) and nalidixic acid (OR: 0.15, 95%CI = 0.05–0.51). The results suggest that one sample per holding provides similar information on AMR at herd level as pooled samples for most of the tested antibiotics, although less resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and nalidixic acid was detected.
Predicting astrometric microlensing events from Gaia Data Release 3
Authors: Su Jie , Wang Jiancheng , Zhang Yigong , Cheng Xiangming , Yang Lei 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Currently, astrometric microlensing is the only tool that can directly measure the mass of a single star; it can also help us to detect compact objects such as isolated neutron stars and black holes. The number of microlensing events that are being predicted and reported is increasing. In this paper, potential lens stars are selected from three types of stars: high-proper-motion stars, nearby stars, and high-mass stars. For each potential lens star, we select a larger search scope to find possible matching sources and to avoid missing events as much as possible. Using data from Gaia Data Release 3, we predict 4500 astrometric microlensing events with δθ+ &gt; 0.1 mas, which occur between J2010.0 and J2070.0, where 1664 events are different from those found previously. There are 293 lens stars that can cause two or more events, where five lens stars can cause more than 50 events. We find that 116 events have the distance of background stars from the proper motion path of lens stars more than 8 arcsec in the reference epoch, where the maximum distance is 16${_{.}^{\prime\prime}}$6. Thus, the cone search method of expanding the search range of sources for each potential lens star can reduce the possibility of missing events.
An explanation of GRB Fermi-LAT flares and high-energy photons in stratified afterglows
Authors: Fraija Nissim , Betancourt Kamenetskaia Boris , Galván-Gámez Antonio , Veres Peter , Becerra Rosa L , Dichiara Simone , Dainotti Maria G , Lizcano Francisco , Aguilar-Ruiz Edilberto 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The second Fermi/LAT gamma-ray burst (GRB) Catalogue (2FLGC) spanning the first decade of operations by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) collaboration was recently released. The closure relations of the synchrotron forward shock (FS) model are not able to reproduce a sizeable portion of the afterglow-phase light curves in this collection, indicating that there may be a large contribution from some other mechanism. Recently, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) light curves from the reverse shock (RS) regions were derived in the thick- and thin-shell regimes for a constant-density medium, and it was demonstrated that analytical light curves could explain the GeV flare observed in several bursts from 2FLGC, including GRB 160509A. Here, we generalize the SSC RS scenario from the constant density to a stratified medium, and show that this contribution helps to describe the early light curves exhibited in some Fermi/LAT-detected bursts. As a particular case, we model a sample of eight bursts that exhibited a short-lasting emission with the synchrotron and SSC model from FS and RS regions, evolving in a stellar-wind environment, constraining the microphysical parameters, the circumburst density, the bulk Lorentz factor, and the fraction of shock-accelerated electrons. We demonstrate that the highest energy photons can only be described by the SSC from the FS region.