bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping existing research on flushing peripheral vascular catheters: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Deng Jiaxin , Hernon Orlaith , Liu Liping , Duggan Catriona , Quinlan Leo R , Alfahl Zina , Carr Peter J 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe peripheral vascular catheter (PVC) is the most common intravenous medical device used in hospitals, given it is crucial for the delivery of intravenous therapies. Despite its widespread use, PVC complications such as occlusion, infiltration, extravasation, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, catheter-related thrombosis and catheter-related bloodstream infection significantly affect patient safety, leading to increased morbidity and healthcare costs. One approach to maintain PVC patency and therefore device longevity is to flush the PVC. This usually involves the use of 5 to 10 mL syringes with normal saline. The evidence on PVC flushing practices is dispersed, making it difficult to draw clear conclusions about current practices and clinical implications. A scoping review is needed to explore and synthesise this evidence systematically and to systematically map the existing research on PVC flushing by assessing the scope, methodologies and outcomes of existing studies.Methods and analysisThe review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, using a three-phase search strategy as recommended by JBI and covering the full-time range available in each database. Systematic searches will be conducted across Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL; clinical trial registries; and grey literature sources to identify potentially eligible studies published up to May 2024. Following duplicate removal, 3021 records will remain for screening. Two independent reviewers will screen the records and extract data based on the review questions. The reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews, with the results and discussion structured according to the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study. The findings will be shared through professional networks, presented at conferences and published in a scientific journal.
Multimorbidity patterns and function among adults in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Berner Karina , Nizeyimana Eugene , Bedada Diribsa Tsegaye , Louw Quinette A 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo map the scope of available evidence on relationships between multimorbidity patterns and functioning among adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and describe methods used.DesignScoping review guided by a five-step methodological framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.Data sourcesPubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCOhost (CINAHL) and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1976 to March 2023, plus reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPeer-reviewed full-text articles or conference proceedings of any design, published in English or Afrikaans, involving adults (>18 years) with multimorbidity living in LMICs. Studies had to refer to associations between multimorbid patterns of co-occurrence and functioning. Multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of ≥2 diseases, including any combination of non-communicable, infectious and mental health conditions.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted independently by two reviewers using a piloted form. Findings were synthesised according to methodological approaches, multimorbidity-pattern epidemiology, evidence gaps/limitations and recommendations for future research. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework was used to classify functional problems.ResultsNine studies (total sample size: 62 003) were included, mainly from upper-middle-income Asian countries. Key methodological inconsistencies were identified in defining and operationalising multimorbidity, conditions included in determining patterns, statistical methods for pattern determination and functioning outcome measures. Five main multimorbidity pattern domains emerged: Cardio-Metabolic and Coronary Atherosclerotic, Musculoskeletal, Respiratory and Digestive/Visceral, Degenerative, and Mental Health-Related. Mobility limitations, instrumental activities of daily living, self-care and bowel/bladder problems were consistently linked to all pattern domains.ConclusionsThe limited and geographically skewed body of literature, along with methodological inconsistencies, hampers a comprehensive understanding of multimorbidity patterns and associations with functioning in LMICs. Future research should explore context-specific multimorbidity definitions, employ transparent methodologies, use standardised measures and incorporate diverse samples to inform tailored interventions and policies.
Sclerotherapy combined with sirolimus for the treatment of complex cervicofacial lymphatic malformations in infants: avoiding the need for tracheostomy
Authors: Qi Weiwei , Yin Chuan-Gao , Wang Song , Pan Deng , Chen Xiao-Li , Hu Gui-Dan 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundLymphatic malformations (LMs) are low-flow, congenital lesions commonly presenting as asymptomatic masses in the head and neck. However, large lymphangiomas can significantly affect breathing or swallowing, posing considerable treatment challenges.MethodsA retrospective analysis of complex cervicofacial LMs in infants was conducted over the past 8 years at the Department of Radiology. Patients were included if they had complex cervicofacial LMs. The size and type of LMs were assessed using ultrasound or MRI. All patients underwent sclerotherapy combined with sirolimus treatment. Treatment outcomes were evaluated through clinical examination and imaging findings.ResultsNineteen infants with large and extensive LMs of the head and neck were identified, including 12 males and 7 females. Thirteen patients had macrocystic lesions, five had mixed lesions, and one had microcystic lesions. Posttreatment, 18 children showed a size reduction of more than 75%, and one case demonstrated a reduction of 51–75%. Mild-to-moderate fever was observed in four cases postoperatively, and two cases experienced localized swelling. None of the 19 cases developed serious adverse reactions, such as allergies, pulmonary fibrosis, nerve injury, or skin necrosis.ConclusionsSclerotherapy combined with sirolimus appears to be a safe and effective treatment for complex cervicofacial LMs in infants. This approach reduced the necessity for tracheotomy in affected children.
Effect of torsion in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
Authors: Panda Papia , Singha Dinesh Kumar , Ghosh Monojit , Mohanta Rukmani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effect of curved spacetime on neutrino oscillation. In a curved spacetime, the effect of curvature on fermionic fields is represented by spin connection. The spin connection consists of a non-universal “contorsion” part which is expressed in terms of vector and axial current density of fermions. The contraction of contorsion part with the tetrad fields, which connects the internal flat space metric and the spacetime metric, is called torsion. In a scenario where neutrino travels through background of fermionic matter at ordinary densities in a curved spacetime, the Hamiltonian of neutrino oscillation gets modified by the torsional coupling constants

$$\lambda _{21}^{\prime }$$

λ

21

′

and

$$\lambda _{31}^{\prime }$$

λ

31

′

. The aim of this work is to study the effect of

$$\lambda _{21}^{\prime }$$

λ

21

′

and

$$\lambda _{31}^{\prime }$$

λ

31

′

in DUNE and P2SO. In our study we, (i) discuss the effect of torsional coupling constants on the neutrino oscillation probabilities, (ii) estimate the capability of P2SO and DUNE to put bounds on these parameters and (iii) show how the physics sensitivities get modified in presence of torsion.
Black string solutions in Lifshitz spacetime
Authors: Lessa L. A. , Silva J. E. G. , Furtado J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we study black string solutions considering the Lifshitz anisotropic scaling. We have shown that a new class of asymptotically Lifshitz solutions can be generated by an Einstein–Maxwell-Dilaton theory with a cosmological constant. In the limit where we recover conformal scale invariance, we retrieve the usual black string solution. Furthermore, we demonstrated that to incorporate the effects of electric charge in the black string, at least two independent gauge fields coupled to the dilaton field are necessary. The charged black string solution exhibits new horizons that depend on the potential in Lifshitz exponent z. The stability of these new solutions is investigated through the thermodynamic analysis of the charged black string. The temperature, entropy, and heat capacity indicate that these modified black strings are thermodynamically stable.
Mutant KRAS and CK2 Cooperatively Stimulate SLC16A3 Activity to Drive Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression
Authors: Chen Ran , Ma Cuihong , Qian Haoran , Xie Xinyu , Zhang Yuxue , Lu Dayun , Hu Shunjie , Zhang Mao , Liu Fen , Zou Yunhao , Gao Qiang , Zhou Hu , Liu Hailong , Lin Moubin , Ge Gaoxiang , Gao Daming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a lethal malignancy affecting the liver and biliary system. Enhanced understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying iCCA tumorigenesis and the discovery of appropriate therapeutic targets are imperative to improve patient outcomes. Here, we investigated the functions and regulations of solute carrier family 16 member 3 (SLC16A3), which has been reported to be a biomarker of poor prognosis in iCCA. High SLC16A3 expression was enriched in KRAS-mutated iCCA tumors, and mutant KRAS elevated SLC16A3 expression via the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1/HIF1α pathway. SLC16A3 not only enhanced glycolysis but also induced epigenetic reprogramming to regulate iCCA progression. Phosphorylation of SLC16A3 at S436 (p-S436) was vital for its oncogenic function and was linked to iCCA progression. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) directly phosphorylated SLC16A3 at S436, and CK2 inhibition with CX-4945 (silmitasertib) reduced the growth of KRAS-mutated iCCA tumor xenografts and patient-derived organoids. Together, this study provides valuable insights into the diverse functions of SLC16A3 in iCCA and comprehensively elucidates the upstream regulatory mechanisms, providing potential therapeutic strategies for iCCA patients with KRAS mutations.
Characteristics of In Vivo Lesion Formation With a Temperature-Controlled Diamond-Tip Radiofrequency Ablation Catheter in the Ventricle: A Preclinical Model
Authors: Hirao Tatsuhiko , Rettmann Maryam E. , Schmidt Megan M. , Yasin Omar Z. , Kowlgi Gurukripa N. , Otsuka Naoto , Koya Taro , Newman Laura K. , Packer Douglas L. , Siontis Konstantinos C. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Power-controlled radiofrequency ablation with irrigated-tip catheters has been the norm for ventricular ablation for almost 2 decades. New catheter technology has recently integrated more accurate tissue temperature sensing enabling temperature-controlled irrigated ablation. We aimed to investigate the in vivo ablation parameters and lesion formation characteristics in ventricular myocardium using a novel temperature-controlled radiofrequency catheter.

METHODS:
Twenty canines were divided into 3 groups: 4 noninfarcted, acute (phase I); 8 noninfarcted, chronic (phase II); and 8 infarcted, chronic (phase III). Lesions were delivered with a temperature-controlled radiofrequency system utilizing a chemical vapor deposit diamond for efficient thermal diffusivity. In phase I, 17 ablation settings were tested (temperature set points, 50/60/70 °C; ablation duration, 15/30/60/90/120 s; and power limit, 30/50 W). Four and one of these sets of parameters were further tested in phases II and III, respectively. Lesions were assessed by ex vivo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and gross pathology 5 weeks after ablation in phases II/III.

RESULTS:

Across all phases, 111 ablation lesions were delivered. Ablation with the power limit of 50 W, the temperature set point of 60 °C, and the duration of 60 s produced significantly larger and deeper lesions (mean, 569.2 mm
3
; mean maximal depth, 9.8 mm) compared with 50 W/60 °C/30 s (mean, 340.4 mm
3
; mean maximal depth, 8.3 mm) and 50 W/50 °C/60 s (mean, 227 mm
3
; mean maximal depth, 6.9 mm), with
P
<0.05 for all pairwise comparisons. Ablation of infarcted myocardium in phase III (50 W/60 °C/30 s) resulted in smaller impedance and bipolar electrogram amplitude changes and lesion size compared with ablation in normal myocardium with the same settings. No steam pop, myocardial perforation, or char formation was observed in any of the 111 ablations across all phases.

CONCLUSIONS:
In vivo radiofrequency ablation in a canine model with a diamond-tip temperature-controlled catheter using a temperature set point of 60 °C and a power limit of 50 W created large lesions without steam pop risk in both normal and infarcted ventricular myocardia.
Lipoprotein(a) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score Development and Prediction in Primary Prevention From Real-World Data
Authors: Fan Wenjun , Wu Chuyue , Wong Nathan D. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); however, there are few algorithms incorporating Lp(a), especially from real-world settings. We developed an electronic health record (EHR)-based risk prediction algorithm including Lp(a).

METHODS:
Utilizing a large EHR database, we categorized Lp(a) cut points at 25, 50, and 75 mg/dL and constructed 10-year ASCVD risk prediction models incorporating Lp(a), with external validation in a pooled cohort of 4 US prospective studies. Net reclassification improvement was determined among borderline-intermediate risk patients.

RESULTS:
We included 5902 patients aged ≥18 years (mean age 48.7±16.7 years, 51.2% women, and 7.7% Black). Our EHR model included Lp(a), age, sex, Black race/ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension medication. Over a mean follow-up of 6.8 years, ASCVD event rates (per 1000 person-years) ranged from 8.7 to 16.7 across Lp(a) groups. A 25 mg/dL increment in Lp(a) was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.10–1.37) for composite ASCVD. Those with Lp(a) ≥75 mg/dL had an 88% higher risk of ASCVD (hazard ratio, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.30–2.70]) and more than double the risk of incident stroke (hazard ratio, 2.55 [95% CI, 1.54–4.23]). C-statistics for our EHR and EHR+Lp(a) models in our EHR training data set were 0.7475 and 0.7556, respectively, with external validation in our pooled cohort (n=21 864) of 0.7350 and 0.7368, respectively. Among those at borderline/intermediate risk, the net reclassification improvement was 21.3%.

CONCLUSIONS:
We show the feasibility of developing an improved ASCVD risk prediction model incorporating Lp(a) based on a real-world adult clinic population. The inclusion of Lp(a) in ASCVD prediction models can reclassify risk in patients who may benefit from more intensified ASCVD prevention efforts.
Dynamic Importance of Genomic and Clinical Risk for Coronary Artery Disease Over the Life Course
Authors: Urbut Sarah M. , Cho So Mi Jemma , Paruchuri Kaavya , Truong Buu , Haidermota Sara , Peloso Gina M. , Hornsby Whitney E. , Philippakis Anthony , Fahed Akl C. , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Earlier identification of high coronary artery disease (CAD) risk individuals may enable more effective prevention strategies. However, existing 10-year risk frameworks are ineffective at earlier identification. We sought to understand how the variable importance of genomic and clinical factors across life stages may significantly improve lifelong CAD event prediction.

METHODS:
A longitudinal study was performed using data from 2 cohort studies: the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) with 3588 participants aged 19 to 57 years and the UKB (UK Biobank) with 327 837 participants aged 40 years to 70 years. A total of 134 765 and 3 831 734 person-time years were observed in FOS and UKB, respectively. Hazard ratios for CAD were calculated for polygenic risk score (PRS) and clinical risk factors at each age of enrollment. The relative importance of PRS and pooled cohort equations in predicting CAD events was also evaluated by age groups.

RESULTS:

The importance of CAD PRS diminished over the life course, with a hazard ratio of 3.58 (95% CI, 1.39–9.19) at the age of 19 years in FOS and a hazard ratio of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.48–1.54) by the age of 70 years in UKB. Clinical risk factors exhibited similar age-dependent trends. PRS significantly outperformed pooled cohort equations in identifying subsequent CAD events in the 40- to 45-year age group, with 3.2-fold more appropriately identified events. Overall, adding PRS improved the area under the receiving operating curve of the pooled cohort equations by an average of +5.1% (95% CI, 4.9%–5.2%) across all age groups; among individuals <55 years, PRS augmented the area under the receiver operater curve (ROC) of the pooled cohort equations by 6.5% (95% CI, 5.5%–7.5%;
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Genomic and clinical risk factors for CAD display time-varying importance across the lifespan. The study underscores the added value of CAD PRS, particularly among individuals younger than 55 years, for enhancing early risk prediction and prevention strategies. All results are available at
https://surbut.github.io/dynamicHRpaper/index.html
.
Gender Distribution of Leadership Positions in Global Environmental Politics
Authors: Downie David L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many institutions have called for increasing the number of women in leadership positions in global environmental politics (GEP). Little information exists, however, regarding gender distributions in such positions. This brief report begins filling in elements of our collective data gap. Men currently lead 80 percent of the fifteen global intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that are particularly important to GEP and have held 90 percent of these positions in the past. Men currently lead 70 percent of national environmental ministries and have held approximately 78 percent of those positions. Equal numbers of men and women currently lead the twenty most prominent environmental treaty secretariats, although men have held more than 70 percent of these positions in the past. During the twenty-first century, men received 69 percent of the appointments to lead the IGOs and treaty secretariats most important to GEP. These numbers raise a series of research, ethical, and political questions.
Costly Signaling in Ancient Chinese Narratives
Authors: Weingarten Oliver 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seemingly reckless, wasteful, or self-harming actions depicted in narrative sources are embedded in the philosophical and political discourse of Warring States and early imperial China (around the third to the first century bce). Signaling theory unveils the underlying rationality of many such acts by demonstrating how they allow actors with conflicting interests to pursue their goals while reducing costs compared to alternative scenarios. Ancient Chinese thinkers did not discuss signaling theory in the abstract; they were, however, keenly aware of the underlying mechanisms, at times articulating them in the context of specific cases. Comparisons of multiple narrative versions suggest that plot elements related to signaling became more pronounced and the understanding of signaling more profound during the period, most likely due to heightened socio-political and military competition.
A Civil War by Any Other Name? Building a Qualitative Model to Support Quantitative Datasets: The Cypriot Civil War
Authors: Mansueto Tim , Varnava Andrekos 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A case study of the Cypriot Civil War (1963–1967) demonstrates that existing scholarly definitions of civil war are inadequate. The arbitrary death thresholds that qualify conflicts for inclusion in civil war datasets are demonstrably biased against smaller countries and do not account for all internal conflicts that exhibit the qualitative characteristics of civil war. An alternative model of study showcases how quantitative data might be better supported by qualitative analysis through the use of relative death thresholds.
To Whom Does the Land Belong?
Authors: Jwilisi Sphesihle , Onwuegbuchulam Sunday Paul Chinazo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Land has been influential in the political discourse and policymaking of both apartheid and post-apartheid democratic South Africa. Currently, considering certain conflicts and recent calls for land expropriation in South Africa, it would seem that the land issue persists despite all efforts by the democratic government in South Africa to address it through various land reform policies. For this reason, interrogating land reform in South Africa and the prospects of peace and national unity in the country becomes pertinent. Using qualitative desktop methods and adopting a self-categorisation theoretical lens, the article interrogates the question of land reform in South Africa. The paper argues that resolving the land question will demand a diversified approach that strikes a balance between social fairness, economic progress and political stability. Achieving this will entail constructive discourse, inclusive decision-making processes, transparent governance, and targeted interventions towards addressing land-related conflicts while encouraging reconciliation and social cohesion in South Africa.
Land Reform and Industrial Development in Mexico: Practical Lessons for Zimbabwe
Authors: Tekwa Newman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the different time periods, land reform in Zimbabwe and Mexico share remarkable similarities from which Zimbabwe can draw policy lessons for reindustrialisation. Occurring between 1911 and 1947, land reform in Mexico redistributed 51.4% of the country’s agricultural land to tenants, workers and peasants. The new social order lacked an economic foundation, presenting a situation of both a challenge and a response yet fulfilling the conditions necessary for industrial development. Similarly, Zimbabwe redistributed about 80% of former white freehold agricultural land to an estimated 170,000 farming households. Whereas the key historical secret to Mexico’s industrialisation lies in its agrarian reform, the same cannot be said about contemporary Zimbabwe, which experienced deindustrialisation at the turn of the millennium. Zimbabwe’s national industrial development policy makes no specific reference to the country’s land reform. I argue for a comprehensive agrarian reform strategy that can steer the country onto a sustainable reindustrialisation path.