bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase in the PDGF‐induced proliferation and migration of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kang Yong Jung , Jeon Eun Su , Song Hae Young , Woo Jae Suk , Jung Jin Sup , Kim Yong Keun , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPlatelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) is a critical regulator of proliferation and migration for mesenchymal type cells. In this study, we examined the role of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases in the PDGF‐BB‐induced proliferation and migration of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATSCs). The PDGF‐induced proliferation was prevented by a pretreatment with the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125. However, it was not prevented by a pretreatment with a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, SB202190, and a specific inhibitor of the upstream kinase of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2), U0126. Treatment with PDGF induced the activation of JNK and ERK in hATSCs, and pretreatment with SP600125 specifically inhibited the PDGF‐induced activation of JNK. Treatment with PDGF induced the cell cycle transition from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase, the elevated expression of cyclin D1, and the phosphorylation of Rb, which were prevented by a pretreatment with SP600125. In addition, the PDGF‐induced migration of hATSCs was completely blocked by a pretreatment with SP600125, but not with U0126 and SB202190. These results suggest that JNK protein kinase plays a key role in the PDGF‐induced proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FRNK, the autonomously expressed C‐terminal region of focal adhesion kinase, is uniquely regulated in vascular smooth muscle: Analysis of expression in transgenic mice
Authors: Hayasaka Haruko , Simon Kate , Hershey E. Daniel , Masumoto Koh‐hei , Parsons J. Thomas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFRNK, the autonomously expressed carboxyl‐terminal region of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is expressed in tissues that are rich in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here we report the generation of transgenic mice harboring the putative FRNK promoter fused to LacZ and examine the promoter activity in situ via expression of β‐galactosidase. The transgenic mice exhibited expression of β‐galactosidase predominantly in arterial VSMCs in large and small blood vessels of major organs. Upregulation of β‐galactosidase activity was observed in tunica media following carotid injury, indicating that the FRNK promoter is activated in VSMCs in response to injury. Robust expression of β‐galactosidase in blood vessels was also detected in the developing embryo. However, expression was also observed in the midline, the nose and skin epidermis, indicating distinct transcriptional regulation of the FRNK promoter in embryogenesis. To analyze FRNK expression in vitro, we identified a 116 bp sequence in the FRNK promoter that was sufficient to function as an enhancer when fused to the minimal actin promoter and expressed in cultured smooth muscle cells. Mutation of AP‐1 and NF‐E2 binding consensus sequences within this element abrogated enhancer activity, supporting the involvement of this promoter element in VSMC expression of FRNK. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual reality of stem cell transplantation to repair injured myocardium
Authors: Lum Lawrence G. , Padbury James F. , Davol Pamela A. , Lee Randall J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe search for the fountain of youth continues into the 21st century with hopes that embryonic or hematopoietic stem cells (SC) will repair injured tissues in the heart, lungs, pancreas, muscles, nerves, liver, or skin. This commentary focuses on the potential of SC for inducing cardiac regeneration after myocardial injury, the barriers to SC treatment that need to be overcome for ensuring successful cardiac repair, and the experimental approaches that can be applied to the problem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PDGF‐BB induces vascular smooth muscle cell expression of high molecular weight FGF‐2, which accumulates in the nucleus
Authors: Pintucci Giuseppe , Yu Pey‐Jen , Saponara Fiorella , Kadian‐Dodov Daniella L. , Galloway Aubrey C. , Mignatti Paolo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) are implicated in vascular remodeling secondary to injury. Both growth factors control vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and survival through overlapping intracellular signaling pathways. In vascular smooth muscle cells PDGF‐BB induces FGF‐2 expression. However, the effect of PDGF on the different forms of FGF‐2 has not been elucidated. Here, we report that treatment of vascular aortic smooth muscle cells with PDGF‐BB rapidly induces expression of 20.5 and 21 kDa, high molecular weight (HMW) FGF‐2 that accumulates in the nucleus and nucleolus. Conversely, PDGF treatment has little or no effect on 18 kDa, low‐molecular weight FGF‐2 expression. PDGF‐BB‐induced upregulation of HMW FGF‐2 expression is controlled by sustained activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐1/2 and is abolished by actinomycin D. These data describe a novel interaction between PDGF‐BB and FGF‐2, and indicate that the nuclear forms of FGF‐2 may mediate the effect of PDGF activity on vascular smooth muscle cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptation of a fast Fourier transform‐based docking algorithm for protein design
Authors: Huang Po‐Ssu , Love John J. , Mayo Stephen L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDesigning proteins with novel protein/protein binding properties can be achieved by combining the tools that have been developed independently for protein docking and protein design. We describe here the sequence‐independent generation of protein dimer orientations by protein docking for use as scaffolds in protein sequence design algorithms. To dock monomers into sequence‐independent dimer conformations, we use a reduced representation in which the side chains are approximated by spheres with atomic radii derived from known C2 symmetry‐related homodimers. The interfaces of C2‐related homodimers are usually more hydrophobic and protein core‐like than the interfaces of heterodimers; we parameterize the radii for docking against this feature to capture and recreate the spatial characteristics of a hydrophobic interface. A fast Fourier transform‐based geometric recognition algorithm is used for docking the reduced representation protein models. The resulting docking algorithm successfully predicted the wild‐type homodimer orientations in 65 out of 121 dimer test cases. The success rate increases to ∼70% for the subset of molecules with large surface area burial in the interface relative to their chain length. Forty‐five of the predictions exhibited less than 1 Å Cα RMSD compared to the native X‐ray structures. The reduced protein representation therefore appears to be a reasonable approximation and can be used to position protein backbones in plausible orientations for homodimer design. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1222–1232, 2005
Conformations, energies, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in dicarboxylic acids: Implications for the design of synthetic dicarboxylic acid receptors
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Ha , Hibbs David E. , Howard Siân T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe various conformers of the dicarboxylic acids HO2C(CH2)nCO2H, n = 1–4, were obtained using density functional methods (DFT), both in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase using a polarized continuum model (PCM). Several new conformers were identified, particularly for the two larger molecules glutaric (n = 3) and adipic acid (n =4). The PCM results show that the stability of most conformers were affected, many becoming unstable in the aqueous phase; and the energy ordering of conformers is also different. The results suggest that conformational preferences could be important in determining the design and stability of appropriate synthetic receptors for glutaric and adipic acid. Geometry changes between gas and aqueous phases were most marked in those conformers containing an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Additional calculations have probed the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these dicarboxylic acids. In the cases of glutaric and adipic acid, the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond were estimated to be around 28–29 kJ/mol, without any vibrational energy correction. The intramolecular hydrogen bond energies in malonic and succinic acid were also estimated from the calculated H‐bond distances using an empirical relationship. Intramolecular H‐bond redshifts of 170–250 cm−1 have been estimated from the results of the harmonic frequency analyses. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1233–1241, 2005
Optimization of auxiliary basis sets for the LEDO expansion and a projection technique for LEDO–DFT
Authors: Götz Andreas W. , Kollmar Christian , Hess Bernd A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present a systematic procedure for the optimization of the expansion basis for the limited expansion of diatomic overlap density functional theory (LEDO‐DFT) and report on optimized auxiliary orbitals for the Ahlrichs split valence plus polarization basis set (SVP) for the elements H, LiF, and NaCl. A new method to deal with near‐linear dependences in the LEDO expansion basis is introduced, which greatly reduces the computational effort of LEDO–DFT calculations. Numerical results for a test set of small molecules demonstrate the accuracy of electronic energies, structural parameters, dipole moments, and harmonic frequencies. For larger molecular systems the numerical errors introduced by the LEDO approximation can lead to an uncontrollable behavior of the self‐consistent field (SCF) process. A projection technique suggested by Löwdin is presented in the framework of LEDO–DFT, which guarantees for SCF convergence. Numerical results on some critical test molecules suggest the general applicability of the auxiliary orbitals presented in combination with this projection technique. Timing results indicate that LEDO–DFT is competitive with conventional density fitting methods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1242–1253, 2005
Linear Ramsey numbers of sparse graphs
Authors: Shi Lingsheng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Ramsey number R(G1,G2) of two graphs G1 and G2 is the least integer p so that either a graph G of order p contains a copy of G1 or its complement Gc contains a copy of G2. In 1973, Burr and Erdős offered a total of $25 for settling the conjecture that there is a constant c = c(d) so that R(G,G)≤ c|V(G)| for all d‐degenerate graphs G, i.e., the Ramsey numbers grow linearly for d‐degenerate graphs. We show in this paper that the Ramsey numbers grow linearly for degenerate graphs versus some sparser graphs, arrangeable graphs, and crowns for example. This implies that the Ramsey numbers grow linearly for degenerate graphs versus graphs with bounded maximum degree, planar graphs, or graphs without containing any topological minor of a fixed clique, etc. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
The number of pancyclic arcs in a k‐strong tournament
Authors: Yeo Anders 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA tournament is a digraph, where there is precisely one arc between every pair of distinct vertices. An arc is pancyclic in a digraph D, if it belongs to a cycle of length l, for all 3 ≤ l ≤ |V (D) |. Let p(D) denote the number of pancyclic arcs in a digraph D and let h(D) denote the maximum number of pancyclic arcs belonging to the same Hamilton cycle of D. Note that p(D) ≥ h(D). Moon showed that h(T) ≥ 3 for all strong non‐trivial tournaments, T, and Havet showed that h(T) ≥ 5 for all 2‐strong tournaments T. We will show that if T is a k‐strong tournament, with k ≥ 2, then p(T)  ≥ 1/2, nk and h(T) ≥ (k + 5)/2. This solves a conjecture by Havet, stating that there exists a constant αk, such that p(T) ≥ αk n, for all k‐strong tournaments, T, with k ≥ 2. Furthermore, the second results gives support for the conjecture h(T) ≥ 2k + 1, which was also stated by Havet. The previously best‐known bounds when k ≥ 2 were p(T) ≥ 2k + 3 and h(T) ≥ 5. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Re‐dating of Chinese celadon shards excavated on Mapungubwe Hill, a 13thcentury Iron Age site in South Africa, using Raman spectroscopy, XRF and XRD
Authors: Prinsloo Linda C. , Wood Nigel , Loubser Maggi , Verryn Sabine M. C. , Tiley Sian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChinese celadon shards of the Longquan type, believed to date from the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279AD), were excavated in 1934 on Mapungubwe Hill, a 13th century Iron Age site in the Limpopo valley, South Africa. We studied the shards with Raman spectroscopy, x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). The Raman polymerization index (Ip), calculated from the spectra of the glaze of the shards, indicated a higher firing temperature than expected for the relatively calcium‐rich Longquan glazes of the Southern Song dynasty. XRF analysis of the glaze and XRD measurements of the bulk of the shards supported this view and date the shards to possibly the Yuan (1279–1368AD) or even early Ming (1368–1644AD) dynasties. These results have an impact on the chronology of the history of the region and therefore call for further research of a comparative nature of other Chinese celadon shards excavated on archaeological sites in Africa, in addition to additional carbon dates of Mapungubwe hill. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic scheduling problems with raw material constraints
Authors: Grigoriev Alexander , Holthuijsen Martijn , van de Klundert Joris 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOne of the achievements of scheduling theory is its contribution to practical applications in industrial settings. In particular, taking finiteness of the available production capacity explicitly into account, has been a major improvement of standard practice. Availability of raw materials, however, which is another important constraint in practice, has been largely disregarded in scheduling theory. This paper considers basic models for scheduling problems in contemporary manufacturing settings where raw material availability is of critical importance. We explore single scheduling machine problems, mostly with unit or all equal processing times, and Lmax and Cmax objectives. We present polynomial time algorithms, complexity and approximation results, and computational experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Metabolic differences between primary and recurrent human brain tumors: a 1H NMR spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Lehnhardt Fritz‐Georg , Bock Christian , Röhn Gabriele , Ernestus Ralf‐Ingo , Hoehn Mathias 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHigh‐resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on tissue specimens from 33 patients with astrocytic tumors (22 astrocytomas, 11 glioblastomas) and 13 patients with meningiomas. For all patients, samples of primary tumors and their first recurrences were examined. Increased anaplasia, with respect to malignant transformation, resulting in a higher malignancy grade, was present in 11 recurrences of 22 astrocytoma patients. Spectroscopic features of tumor types, as determined on samples of the primary occurrences, were in good agreement with previous studies. Compared with the respective primary astrocytomas, characteristic features of glioblastomas were significantly increased concentrations of alanine (Ala) (p = 0.005), increased metabolite ratios of glycine (Gly)/total creatine (tCr) (p = 0.0001) and glutamate (Glu)/glutamine (Gln) (p = 0.004). Meningiomas showed increased Ala (p = 0.02) and metabolite ratios [Gly, total choline (tCho), Ala] over tCr (p = 0.001) relative to astrocytomas, and N‐acetylaspartate and myo‐inositol were absent. Metabolic changes of an evolving tumor were observed in recurrent astrocytomas: owing to their consecutive assessments, more indicators of malignant degeneration were detected in astrocytoma recurrences (e.g. Gly, p = 0.029; tCho, p = 0.034; Glu, p = 0.015; tCho/tCr, p = 0.001) in contrast to the comparison of primary astrocytomas with primary glioblastomas. The present investigation demonstrated a correlation of the tCho‐signal with tumor progression. Significantly elevated concentrations of Ala (p = 0.037) and Glu (p = 0.003) and metabolite ratio tCho/tCr (p = 0.005) were even found in recurrent low‐grade astrocytomas with unchanged histopathological grading (n = 11). This may be related to an early stage of malignant transformation, not yet detectable morphologically, and emphasizes the high sensitivity of 1H NMR spectroscopy in elucidating characteristics of brain tumor metabolism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of three‐dimensional gray‐scale and power Doppler ultrasound examinations of the cervix in pregnant women
Authors: Rovas L. , Sladkevicius P. , Strobel E. , Valentin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectivesTo determine intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of three‐dimensional (3D) gray‐scale and power Doppler ultrasound examinations of the cervix in pregnant women.MethodsThirty‐two pregnant women underwent transvaginal 3D gray‐scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix by two examiners. Each observer acquired two volumes, and they each analyzed their volumes twice using the commercially available software Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL™). The variables analyzed were cervical volume (cm3), vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI). Intraobserver repeatability was expressed as the difference between two measurement results (mean difference ± 2 SD, i.e. limits of agreement) and as intraclass correlation coefficient (intra‐CC). Interobserver agreement was expressed as the difference between the results of the two observers (limits of agreement) and as interclass correlation coefficient (inter‐CC). The contribution of various factors (examiner, acquisition, analysis of acquired volume) to intrasubject variance was estimated using different analysis of variance models. All statistical analyses were performed using log‐transformed data. The results presented are those obtained after antilogarithmic transformation, i.e. the results are presented as ratios between two results of the same observer, or as ratios between the results of Observer 1 and Observer 2.ResultsAll intraobserver and interobserver log‐transformed differences were normally distributed. There was no systematic bias between the two observers. Both intra‐ and inter‐CC values were high (0.93–0.98) for all variables except FI (0.63–0.88), despite the limits of agreement being wide, especially for VI (widest range 0.4–2.4) and VFI (widest range 0.3–2.6). Acquisition explained most of the intrasubject variance of the flow indices, the contribution of examiner and analysis being unimportant.ConclusionsGiven the wide range between the lower and upper limits of agreement, it would probably not be possible to detect anything but large differences or changes in cervical volume or cervical flow indices using current 3D ultrasound techniques. Because acquisition explained most of the intrasubject variance, the average of several repeated acquisitions should be used to enhance reproducibility. However, it is not worth doing more than one analysis of an acquired volume, because the effect of analysis on measurement results is small. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cross‐layer cost‐function based rate adaptation mechanism for the WCDMA system with multi‐class services by transport format selection
Authors: Wang Li‐Chun , Chen Ming‐Chi , Chen Yi‐Cheng 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe growing demand of high speed multi‐class data transmissions poses new challenges on wireless networks. The major objectives of the next generation wireless networks include: (1) achieving high data throughput in the fast varying wireless channel; (2) transmitting multi‐class data by service multiplexing; and (3) controlling the delay for delay sensitive service. To achieve these goals, in the context of wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, we propose a cost‐function based rate adaptation mechanism by taking account of both physical layer channel impacts and higher layer performance parameters, such as buffer occupancy and service priority. We implement this cross‐layer rate mechanism by exploiting the transport format (TF) selection procedure in the medium access control (MAC) layer of the WCDMA system. Through the proposed cross‐layer cost function, the TF selection procedure can dynamically adapt suitable spreading factors every transmission time interval (TTI), usually 10–80 ms. Through simulations in a flat Rayleigh fading channel, we show that the proposed cross‐layer cost‐function based rate adaptation mechanism can effectively improve throughput and reduce the buffer occupancy for multi‐class services for the WCDMA system at the cost of slightly higher power efficiency. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color‐aware power and rate adaptation in IP‐based CDMA radio access networks
Authors: Friderikos V. , Wang L. , Iwamura M. , Aghvami A. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWith IP technology being in the epicenter of future wireless networks, IP‐centric resource management is currently receiving an increasing research attention. In this paper, a power and rate adaptation semantic is proposed that integrates quality of service (QoS) information from the IP layer of the differentiated services (DiffServ) architecture together with lower layer criteria in order to optimize packet transmission over the wireless interface. An optimization problem is formulated based on the output of a time sliding window three color marker (TSWtcm) of the ingress DiffServ node in the radio access network (RAN), where color aware power and rate control are performed. The critical impetus of the proposed approach besides minimization of the transmitted power is mainly twofold. Firstly, to achieve the required per‐class aggregate data rate, while prioritizing and ensuring QoS of in‐profile packets and secondly, to increase aggregate power gains by penalizing out‐of‐profile packets. The seminal aspect of the proposed scheme is that tangible power gains can be achieved by differentiating transmission of conformant and non‐conformant packets while at the same time the power gains within each AF classes can be utilized to enhance the performance of in‐profile traffic. To buttress the case, both theoretical and simulation results are meticulously presented that depict architectural and performance related aspects of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CICADA: a novel scheme for improving TCP performance over wireless links
Authors: Ghaboosi Kaveh , Khalaj Babak Hossein 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper, by making slight modifications in protocol stack of wireless access points, the proposed CICADA scheme aims at isolating problems related to wireless section of a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection from its wired portion, using IP spoofing and virtual protocol stack scheme. As the simulation results for an 802.11 based system show, the proposed scheme improves the overall network throughput for both DCF and PCF scenarios, while reducing the mean and variance of end‐to‐end delay for voice and video flows due to smarter bandwidth allocation to elastic and real‐time traffic. In addition, the proposed scheme uses a centralized network address translation (NAT) structure that prevents undesired disconnections during handovers and achieves a smaller handoff delay compared with other schemes. CICADA also improves the privacy of wireless sections by constructing virtual protocol stacks corresponding to mobile stations and using hierarchical two‐level NAT structure in infrastructure networks in order to protect the distribution system against outside attacks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.