bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone‐related peptide regulation of chick tibial growth plate chondrocyte maturation requires protein kinase A
Authors: Zuscik Michael J. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Gunter Thomas E. , Edward Puzas J. , Schwarz Edward M. , Rosier Randy N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegulation of phenotype in chick tibial growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) by parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) is facilitated via signaling through three pathways: protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and inositol‐1.4.5‐trisphosphate‐induced Ca2+ transients. To establish the underlying signaling specificity for PTHrP‐regulation of chondrocyte maturation, we examined the separate involvement of each of these three pathways in the PTHrP regulation of key hallmarks of GPC phenotype: stimulation of proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis and reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity and type X collagen expression. Mimicking the PTHrP stimulation either of PKC with 1‐oleoyl 2‐acetyl glycerol or of a Ca2+ pulse with 65 mM KCl did not lead to PTHrP‐like effects on any of the four markers examined. Also, inhibition of PKC with myr‐ΨPKC or blockade of Ca2+ signals with an intracellular chelator did not inhibit PTHrP action. However, PKA activation with dibutyryl cAMP mimicked PTHrP and blockade of PTHrP stimulation of PKA with H‐89 inhibited the regulatory action of the factor. These data demonstrate that although activation of PKC or Ca2+ signals is not required, the cylic AMP‐dependent A kinase is required for PTHrP to regulate key hallmarks of GPC phenotype.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Healing of subfailure ligament injury: comparison between immature and mature ligaments in a rat model
Authors: Provenzano Paolo P. , Hayashi Kei , Kunz David N. , Markel Mark D. , Jr. Ray Vanderby 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study evaluated biomechanical properties of healing ligament following subfailure (grade II) injury by comparing young and mature animals in a rat lateral collateral ligament (LCL) model. One randomly selected LCL was stretched in situ using a custom designed device in eighteen young (21 days) and eighteen skeletally mature (8 months) male rats. Animals were euthanized at 0, 7, and 14 days post‐surgery, and ligament ultimate stress, strain at failure and laxity were determined (n = 6 pairs per group). At time 0 after introduction of stretch injury, ligament laxity was present in both groups. The mature rats had 54 ± 9% strength of the control while the immature rats had 58 ± 11% of the strength of the control, representing a consistent and significant injury. The immature and mature ligaments showed similar patterns of cellular damage post‐injury and had similar modes of mechanical failure. Ligament laxity decreased in each group as healing time increased, however ligament laxity did not completely recover in either group after 2 weeks of healing. After 7 and 14 days of healing, the mature rats, respectively, had only 63 ± 14% and 80 ± 8% strengths of the controls while the immature rats had 94 ± 6% and 94 ± 10%. Hence, mechanical data showed that immature animals recovered their strength after a grade II sprain at a faster rate than mature animals. However, ligament laxity was still present in both groups two weeks after the injury and was not completely removed by growth in the immature group. These findings are clinically relevant since joint laxity after injury is common, and these results may explain the presence of continued instability in a joint injured at a young age. Hence, this study, with a new injury model, showed differences in ligament healing associated with maturity and quantified the clinically observed persistance of ligament laxity.© 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mating behaviour in the agile antechinus Antechinus agilis (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)
Authors: Shimmin Glenn A. , Taggart David A. , Temple‐Smith Peter D. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract Antechinus agilis mate within a 2–3 week, highly synchronized period each year, with copulation consisting of short bouts of thrusting interrupted by longer bouts of rest during which time the male remains mounted. In the laboratory, mating can last as long as 8–12 h without any break in intromission, with captive paired animals generally copulating once per day (Woolley, 1966a, b). The mating programme used in this study examines the effects on copulatory behaviour of changing: (1) timing of access relative to ovulation; (2) order of mating; (3) the delay between the first and second males' mating access. The total mount time was divided into quarters and the changes in behavioural patterns assessed by examining changes in the frequency of five key activities; thrusting, pelvic side‐to‐side movements, walking, female resistance, and dismounts. No significant differences were observed in the time from initial pairing to first mount regardless of mating order or time of mating, nor was the total time mounted significantly affected by mating order. Significant reductions in the total time mounted were evident, however, for those males mating closer to the time of ovulation. The behavioural strategies associated with copulation in A. agilis significantly enhance arguments for equality between males and females in determining overall mating strategies.
Hordes of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): extreme group size and seasonal male presence
Authors: Abernethy K. A. , White L. J. T. , Wickings E. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMandrill Mandrillus sphinx hordes in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon, the approximate centre of the mandrill species range, were studied over 3 years from 1996 to 1999. Part of the study site included gallery forests within savanna areas, allowing observation of entire hordes, hitherto impossible in dense forest habitat. Horde size and composition (sex and age classes) were documented using exact records on video film whenever a horde or subgroup crossed an open space. Mean horde size was 620, and hordes of up to 845 individuals were documented, probably the largest stable group size found in any wild, unprovisioned primate population. Hordes were cohesive throughout the study period and did not seem to be aggregations of smaller units. Mandrill societies seem to be quite different from the baboon societies, to which they have been compared to date. Mature, breeding‐age males were not resident members of hordes, but entered at the onset of seasonal cycles in the females (as deduced by the presence of sexual tumescence) and emigrated once female sexual cycles ceased. The number of breeding males present in the horde at any one time is best explained by the number of sexually attractive females. It is postulated that the extreme coloration of males and strong sexual dimorphism in mandrills may have evolved through an enhanced need for competitive signals in a situation where no long‐term social bonds between breeding partners exist.
Cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst of the breast
Authors: Kalra Naveen , Mani NBS , Jain M , Sidhu R , Gulati M , Suri S 
Published: August 2002

SUMMARYCerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst of the breast is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Two cases of cerebrospinal pseudocyst of the breast are reported here. The mammography and ultrasound findings in these two cases are described.
Effect of lansoprazole on histamine‐induced acid secretion in isolated rabbit parietal cells
Authors: LI Xiao Bo , QIAN Jia Ming , CHEN Yuan Jia , CHEN Yuan Fang 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVE:  Lansoprazole (Takepron; Takeda) is extensively used in the treatment of acid‐related diseases. There are no prior studies of the effects of antisecretion drugs on parietal cells, but we recently developed a rabbit parietal cell model. This allowed us to compare the antisecretory effects of lansoprazole and cimetidine in vitro in the present study.METHODS:  Parietal cells were isolated using cell elutriation and continuous density gradient centrifugation. The effect of cimetidine and lansoprazole on histamine‐induced acid secretion in rabbit parietal cells was investigated by measuring the accumulation of 14C‐aminopurine.RESULTS:  The purity and viability of isolated parietal cells was >80 and 95%, respectively. Lansoprazole and cimetidine both significantly inhibited histamine‐stimulated acid secretion (10−4 mol/L), but the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of the two treatments was quite different. The IC50 of cimetidine was 3.70 × 10−5 mol/L, and that of lansoprazole was 9.59 × 10−8 mol/L.CONCLUSIONS:  Lansoprazole is much more effective than cimetidine in the in vitro inhibition of histamine‐stimulated acid secretion in rabbit parietal cells. This study developed a model for the study of acid inhibition drugs.
Novel triple expression hybrid clone from human sources for the detection of M2 antibodies
Authors: JIANG Xiao Hua , ZHONG Ren Qian , FAN Lie Ying , HU Yin , LI Wen Wen , CAO Lu Ning , KONG Xian Tao 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVE:  Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or, more accurately, chronic non‐suppurative destructive cholangitis, is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is considered to have an autoimmune basis. In most patients, PBC is characterized by the presence of M2 antibodies. The major autoantigens recognized by M2 antibodies are members of the 2‐oxo‐acid dehydro­genase complex, including pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 (PDC‐E2), branched chain 2‐oxo‐acid dehydrogenase complex E2 (BCOADC‐E2), 2‐oxo‐glutarate dehydrogenase complex E2 (OGDC‐E2), E1 subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and protein X of the PDC. The aim of this study was to express the immunodominant epitopes of BCOADC‐E2, PDC‐E2 and OGDC‐E2 separately, to create a triple hybrid clone (designated as BPO) containing epitopes of three autoantigens, and to use BPO as a tool for the detection of M2 antibodies specific for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).METHODS:  The cDNA fragments from human sources encoding the M2‐reactive
epitopes of BCOADC‐E2, PDC‐E2 and OGDC‐E2 were amplified using reverse transcription−polymerase
chain reaction with total RNA extracted from human peripheral mononuclear blood
cells. The fragments were cloned into pQE‐30 and then transferred
into plasmid Escherichia coli M15. Transformants were induced
by isopropylthio‐β‐d‐galactoside and confirmed with sodium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting.RESULTS:  Four specific proteins produced from the transformants containing the fused plasmid were shown to have antigenic reactivity with PBC sera, but not with normal control sera.CONCLUSIONS:  We succeeded in expressing three immunodominant epitopes and a hybrid clone, which can be used as a powerful and specific tool for the detection of M2‐specific autoantibodies in the diagnosis of PBC.
Structural characteristics of the cag pathogenicity island and its significance in the classification of Chinese strains of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: LIU Jiong , XU Guo Ming , LI Zhao Shen , TU Zhen Xing , NIE Shi Nan , HOU Peng , GONG Yan Fang , JI Xu Huai 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the structural characteristics of the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) and its significance in the classification in Chinese strains of Helicobacter pylori.METHODS:  In 107 H. pylori strains isolated from Chinese patients, cagA, cagI, cagII, the cagI−cagII junction and IS605 were studied by using the polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:  The positive rates in Chinese H. pylori strains were 95.3% for cag PAI, 92.5% for cagA, 86.9% for cagI and 66.4% for cagII. There was no statistical difference among H. pylori strains from chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers or gastric carcinoma in the detectable rate of cag PAI, cagA, cagI or cagII (P > 0.05). Of the cag PAI‐negative strains, four came from cases of chronic gastritis and one from a patient with cardiac cancer. The products of the cagI−cagII junction were found in only five strains. The continuous cag PAI was much more common in duodenal ulcers than in chronic gastritis (P < 0.01). The positive rates of cagI and cagII were markedly different in chronic gastritis (P < 0.05). One strain of H. pylori tested positive for cagA but negative for other regions of the cag PAI. IS605 was less common in duodenal ulcers than in chronic gastritis (P < 0.05). The amplified fragment of IS605 in one strain from a gastric carcinoma was approximately 1580 bp in size, which was much longer than that in other strains.CONCLUSION:  Our results indicate that the cag PAI is very common in Chinese strains of H. pylori. The structural variety of the cag PAI might be related to the virulence of H. pylori. It is suggested that H. pylori may be classified into different virulence groups according to differences in the structure of the cag PAI.
General binocular disorders: prevalence in a clinic population
Authors: Lara Francisco , Cacho Pilar , García Ángel , Megías Ramón 
Published: August 2002

SummaryThe purpose of this paper was to study the prevalence of nonstrabismic accommodative and binocular dysfunctions in a clinical population. We examined 265 symptomatic patients who were chosen from an optometric clinic. We performed several tests to diagnose any form of refractive, accommodative or binocular dysfunction. Of the 265 subjects examined, 59 patients (22.3%) had some form of accommodative or binocular dysfunction and required not just the correction of the refractive error but a specific treatment for each of the problems diagnosed. The remaining subjects were classed as having refractive anomalies. The frequency of binocular dysfunctions was 12.9%, and 9.4% for accommodative anomalies. Convergence excess (4.5%) was more prevalent than convergence insufficiency (0.8%) and accommodative excess (6.4%) more prevalent than accommodative insufficiency (3%).
A prospective study of contact lens wear in diabetes mellitus
Authors: O'Donnell Clare , Efron Nathan , Boulton Andrew J. M. 
Published: August 2002

SummaryA prospective, controlled, observer‐masked study was conducted to investigate the suitability of contact lenses for patients with diabetes mellitus. Forty diabetic patients and 40 non‐diabetic control subjects were fitted with soft hydrogel contact lenses to be worn on a daily wear basis for 12 months. The ocular response was assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasonic pachometry, corneal aesthesiometry and visual acuity measures. Compared to non‐diabetic subjects, diabetic patients displayed significantly reduced corneal transparency, variable vision and reduced comfort with the contact lenses(p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to ocular hyperaemia, corneal staining, corneal thickness, corneal sensitivity or high contrast visual acuity. Contrary to previous reports, the response of the diabetic eye to contact lenses—as observed clinically—does not differ appreciably from that of the non‐diabetic eye. These results suggest that current generation daily wear soft contact lenses can be a viable mode of vision correction for diabetic patients.
Chronic Daily Headache Prophylaxis With Tizanidine: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Multicenter Outcome Study
Authors: Saper Joel R. , Lake Alvin E. , Cantrell Deborah T. , Winner Paul K. , White Jeffery R. 
Published: August 2002

Objective.—To assess the efficacy of tizanidine hydrochloride versus placebo as adjunctive prophylactic therapy for chronic daily headache (chronic migraine, migrainous headache, or tension‐type headache).Background.—Tizanidine is an α2‐adrenergic agonist that inhibits the release of norepinephrine at both the spinal cord and brain, with antinociceptive effects that are independent of the endogenous opioid system. Previous open‐label studies have suggested the drug may be effective for treatment of chronic daily headache.Methods.—Two hundred patients completed a 4‐week, single‐blind, placebo baseline period, with 134 fulfilling selection criteria and then randomized to tizanidine or placebo. Ninety‐two patients completed at least 8 weeks of treatment (tizanidine, n = 45; placebo, n = 47), and 85 patients completed 12 weeks of treatment (tizanidine, n = 44; placebo, n = 41). Most patients (77%) met the diagnostic criteria for migraine of the International Headache Society; 23% had either chronic migrainous headache or chronic tension‐type headache. Tizanidine was slowly titrated over 4 weeks to 24 mg or the maximum dose tolerated (mean, 18 mg; SD, 6.4; median, 20.0; range, 2 to 24), divided equally over three dose intervals per day. Overall headache index ([headache days × average intensity × duration in hours]/28 days) was the primary end point.Results.—Tizanidine was shown to be superior to placebo in reducing the overall headache index (P = .0025), as well as mean headache days per week (P = .0193), severe headache days per week (P = .0211), average headache intensity (P = .0108), peak headache intensity (P = .0020), and mean headache duration (P = .0127). The mean percentage improvement during the last 4 weeks of treatment with tizanidine versus placebo was 54% versus 19% for the headache index (P = .0144), 55% versus 21% for severe headache days (P = .0331), 35% versus 19% for headache duration (P = .0142), 35% versus 20% for peak headache intensity (P = .0106), 33% versus 20% for average headache intensity (P = .0281), and 30% versus 22% for total headache days (P = .0593). Patients receiving tizanidine also scored higher ratings of overall headache improvement on a visual analog scale (P = .0069). There was no statistically significant difference in outcome for patients with chronic migraine versus those with only migrainous or tension‐type headache. Adverse effects reported by more than 10% of the patients included somnolence (47%), dizziness (24%), dry mouth (23%), and asthenia (19%). Dropouts due to adverse events did not differ significantly between tizanidine and placebo.Conclusions.—The results support tizanidine as an effective prophylactic adjunct for chronic daily headache, including migraine, migrainous headache, and tension‐type headache. These results also suggest the possible importance of an α2‐adrenergic mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this spectrum of headache disorders.
Chronic Daily Headache in Children and Adolescents Presenting to Tertiary Headache Clinics
Authors: Koenig Matthew A. , Gladstein Jack , McCarter Robert J. , Hershey Andrew D. , Wasiewski Warren , The Pediatric Committee of the American Headache Society  
Published: August 2002

Background.—Adults with chronic daily headache often describe a transformation from episodic migraine and partial retention of migrainous features. Although chronic daily headache has not been investigated as carefully in the pediatric population, one study showed a predominance of coexisting daily headache and episodic migraine, without a clear history of transformation.Objective.—To identify the clinical features of chronic daily headache in children and adolescents, to evaluate the efficacy of current headache classification criteria, and to compare the features of coexistent daily and episodic headaches so as to determine whether they represent separate syndromes or different stages in the “transformation” process.Design.—We surveyed 189 consecutive patients, 18 years of age or younger, who presented for initial evaluation of daily or near daily headache at one of 9 tertiary headache clinics. Data were collected in semistructured interviews employing a standard questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Analysis Systems and Stata statistical software computer programs.Results.—Of the patients enrolled, 70% were female and 87% were white. Mean age was 13.0 ± 3.1 years. Male gender was associated with a higher degree of reported disability. A family history of headache (typically migraine) was described in 79%. Use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs 5 days per week or more was reported by 44% of patients. The International Headache Society (IHS) criteria failed to classify 64% of patients and criteria proposed by Silberstein et al failed to classify 31% of patients. Participating physicians misclassified patients according to criteria of the IHS and Silberstein et al in one third of cases. Nearly one quarter of patients reported two separate headache types with distinguishing characteristics. “Baseline” headache was present 27.3 ± 4.1 days per month with a mean pain intensity of 5.9 ± 2.1 on a 10‐point scale. Superimposed episodic headache occurred 4.7 ± 3.8 days per month with a mean pain intensity of 8.4 ± 1.4, and was more often accompanied by other migrainous symptoms. After logistic regression to control for pain intensity, the only statistically significant difference between the two headache types was a lower prevalence of tension‐type head pain with the superimposed headache.Conclusions.—Our data suggest that rather than having two coexistent headache types, children and adolescents with chronic daily headache have a single syndrome that, in many cases, will paroxysmally worsen and gather migrainous features.
Hemicrania Continua Responds to Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Peres Mario F.P. , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: August 2002

Background.—Hemicrania continua is a primary headache disorder defined by its absolute responsiveness to indomethacin. We report the treatment response to two cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib, in a series of patients with hemicrania continua.Methods.—Fourteen patients were treated, 9 with rofecoxib and 5 with celecoxib.Results.—Three patients in each group had a complete response to treatment.Conclusion.—The cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors may represent an alternative to indomethacin in the treatment of hemicrania continua. Their mechanism of action for this potential indication is unknown.
Hip Fracture in the Older Patient: Reasons for Delay in Hospitalization and Timing of Surgical Repair
Authors: Orosz Gretchen M. , L Hannan Edward , Magaziner Jay , Koval Kenneth , Gilbert Marvin , Aufses Arthur , Straus Elton , Vespe Ellen , Siu Albert L. 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the interval between injury and hospitalization in older hip fracture patients, to quantify the time from hospital arrival to surgical repair of hip fracture, and to describe factors contributing to extended intervals between injury, hospitalization, and surgical repair of hip fracture.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Four hospitals in the New York City metropolitan area.PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients aged 50 and older admitted with diagnosis of hip fracture to these four hospitals between August 1997 and August 1998.MEASUREMENTS: Time of injury, time of arrival to the emergency room, and time of surgery were recorded and used to calculate intervals between injury and hospital arrival and between hospital arrival and surgical repair.RESULTS: Of the 571 patients enrolled, 99 (17%) arrived at the hospital more than 24 hours after injury. After hospital arrival, 17 (3%) patients did not have surgery, 166 (29%) had surgery within 24 hours of arrival, and 388 (68.0%) had surgery more than 24 hours after arrival (median 41 hours, range 25–584). For those patients who had surgery after 24 hours, 163 (29.4%) had surgery 25 to 36 hours after hospital arrival, 102 (18.4%) had surgery 37 to 48 hours after arrival, and 123 (22.2%) had surgery more than 48 hours after arrival. The primary reasons for delaying surgery more than 24 hours after hospital arrival were waiting for routine medical clearance (52%) and unavailability of the operating suite or surgeon (29%). Stabilization of associated medical conditions resulted in the lengthiest periods of delay.CONCLUSION: A wait time of more than 24 hours from hospitalization to surgical repair of hip fracture in older patients is common. Some of this delay time is patient related and some occurs because of systems factors and may be avoidable. The extent to which surgical timing affects survival and functional recovery needs more detailed examination.