bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non–target site mechanisms of cross-resistance evolution to florpyrauxifen-benzyl in 2,4-D–resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Hwang Jeong-In , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber L. Tom , Butts Thomas R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds can reduce the herbicide’s efficacy, depleting crop yield and quality. Our group previously confirmed 2,4-D resistance in three Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) populations (R1 to R3). In the current study, the first filial (F1) seeds of 2,4-D–resistant populations were subjected to screening tests for resistance to other auxin-mimicking herbicides, florpyrauxifen-benzyl (FPB; 30 g ai ha−1) and dicamba (560 g ae ha−1). Dicamba killed all resistant populations. FPB provided 100% control of only the R3 population. Sensitivities to FPB were reduced by 2 and 35 percentage points in R1 and R2 populations, respectively. Pretreatment with malathion increased FPB sensitivity by 15 percentage points in the R2 population. FPB resistance characterization and mechanism were evaluated using a purified line of the R2 population (F2). The FPB sensitivity was 29-fold lower in the F2 line than in the susceptible (S) standard. Absorption, translocation, and total metabolism of FPB were similar for S and R2 populations. However, less florpyrauxifen-acid (FPA) was detected in the R2 population (17.0% to 25.4%) than in the S population (22.8% to 33.2%), due to its rapid metabolism and/or reduced production with resistance evolution. Because the results of the non–target site resistance mechanism evaluation observed in this study were insufficient to account for the 29-fold reduced sensitivity of the R2 population to FPB, further genetic studies are needed to investigate the presence of target-site resistance in that population.
Light partitioning strategies impact relative fitness of weeds and cover crops when drill-interseeding in corn
Authors: Wallace John M. , Mazzone Tosh , Pelzer Christopher , Ryan Matthew R. , Wayman Sandra 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrill-interseeding cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.) is an emerging establishment method in northern U.S. production regions. However, cover crop performance in interseeded systems remains variable, and creating environments that are conducive to cover crop but not weed growth is challenging. Cultural practices that partition resources between corn and interseeded cover crops have potential to improve performance if weeds are adequately managed. This study evaluated interactions among corn hybrids differing in leaf architecture (upright, pendulum), corn row spacing (76 cm, 152 cm), and interseeding timing (V3, V6) on light transmittance, relative fitness of cover crop species (cereal rye [Secale cereale L.], annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), red clover [Trifolium pratense L.]) and weeds, and corn grain yield at three U.S. Northeast locations. Results showed that light transmittance through the corn canopy was greater in 152-cm row spacing compared with 76-cm row spacing at the V6 growth stage, with the magnitude of difference increasing at the V10 corn growth stage. Corn hybrids had a marginal effect on light transmittance. The effect of row spacing and interseeding timing on fall cover crop biomass varied across cover crop species and locations. In 76-cm rows, interseeding earlier (V3) increased cover crop biomass production. The relative fitness of cover crops was greater than that of weeds in each combination of cultural practices that included narrow spacing (76 cm), whereas the relative fitness of weeds was greater than that of cover crops when interseeding in wide rows (152 cm). The effect of row spacing on corn yield varied among locations, with higher yields observed in 76-cm row spacing compared with 152-cm at two of three locations. Our results show that interseeding early (V3) on 76-cm row spacing can balance cover crop and corn production management goals, while placing cover crops at a relative fitness advantage over weeds.
Mutating ENSO Impact on Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones Under Global Warming
Authors: Shi Liang , Zhan Ruifen , Zhao Jiuwei , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA prominent feature of the western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) anomaly in response to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a distinct west‐east dipole structure in the present‐day (PD) climate. Here, large ensemble high‐resolution simulations show that the current dipole may transform into a monopole under global warming (GW). In the PD climate, the ENSO‐induced dipole effect on TCGF is mainly observed in late autumn. However, GW accelerates this effect into the summer by amplifying atmospheric circulation anomalies. Consequently, this leads to a significant increase in the coastal TCGF during the development phase of El Niño under GW. Meanwhile, it weakens the anomalous anticyclonic circulation during late autumn, leading to an increase in coastal TCGF during the mature phase of El Niño, and vice versa. Therefore, the combined effect suggests a potential trend toward spatial homogenization during ENSO phases under GW.
Vehicle-to-vehicle cooperative driving model considering end-to-end delay of communication network
Authors: Kang Yi-rong , Chen Yijun , Tian Chuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo explore the mechanism of the end-to-end transmission delay of the communication network on the collaborative driving process for traffic flow in the vehicle-to-vehicle communication environment, based on the idea of the car-following model, this paper introduces characteristic parameters characterizing the end-to-end transmission delay of the network into Newell's following model and proposes a CD and OV model by considering the time delay characteristics of the collaborative driving process from information transmission to control decision and then to physical execution. To determine the cooperative driving system's stability criterion, the stability analysis of the new model is examined. By using the reductive perturbation approach, the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the traffic flow around the critical stability point under the influence of various transmission delays is analyzed. The resulting modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations and density wave solutions are derived. The results show that the end-to-end transmission delay of the network has a significant shock effect on the stability of the vehicle-vehicle cooperative driving system, and the stability of the traffic flow and the ability to suppress traffic congestion becomes worse with the increase in the end-to-end transmission delay.
Magnetohydrodynamics and viscosity variation in couple stress squeeze film lubrication between rough flat and curved circular plates
Authors: Byeon Haewon , Latha Y. L. , Hanumagowda B. N. , Govindan Vediyappan , Salma A. , Abdullaev Sherzod , Tawade Jagadish. V. , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA simplified mathematical model has been developed for understanding combined effects of surface roughness, viscosity variation and couple stresses on the squeeze film behaviour of a flat and a curved circular plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The Stokes (1966) couple stress fluid model is included to account for the couple stresses arising due to the presence of microstructure additives in the lubricant. In the context of Christensen’s (1969) stochastic theory for the lubrication of rough surfaces, two types of one-dimensional roughness patterns (radial and azimuthal) are considered. The governing modified stochastic Reynolds type equations are derived for these roughness patterns. Expressions for the mean squeeze film characteristics are obtained. Numerical computations of the results show that the azimuthal roughness pattern on the curved circular and flat plate results in more pressure buildup whereas performance of the squeeze film suffers due to the radial roughness pattern. Further the Lorentz force characterized by the Hartmann number, couple stress parameter and viscosity variation parameter improve the performance of the squeeze film lubrication as compared to the classical case (Non-magnetic, Newtonian case and non-viscous case).
Exponential feedback effects in a parametric resonance climate model
Authors: Caccamo Maria Teresa , Magazù Salvatore 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe variations in the distribution of solar radiation due to the  ~ 105 years Milankovitch cycle, which is connected to the Earth eccentricity variation, cannot explain the sharp drop in temperature of 6 °C ÷ 10 °C that marks the transition from the interglacial to the glacial age registered in the last ~ 5.5 106 years temperature variation behavior. More specifically, neglecting other effects, only a temperature variation of 0.2 °C ÷ 0.3 °C can be attributed to this cycle and, therefore, positive feedback effects should be taken into account to explain the registered effect. In the present work, a comparative Wavelet-Fourier analysis of the Vostok recontructed temperature record, for which different sampling steps are taken into account, is performed. Then, a study of exponential feedback effects within a climate parametric resonance model is dealt and discussed. The obtained findings put into evidence an exponential amplification of the temperature variation from the interglacial to the glacial age supporting the hypothesis that the system energization be connected to periodic variations in the internal solar system parameters. More in details, it is shown that, following the parametric resonance climate model, even small oscillations increase over time proportionally to the system energy itself, i.e. exponentially, and hence, a series of connected resonances is able to energize the climate system.
Leveraging stylometry analysis to identify unique characteristics of peer support user groups in online mental health forums
Authors: Kang Yong-Bin , McCosker Anthony , Farmer Jane 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOnline peer support mental health forums provide an effective and accessible form of support, augmenting scarce clinical and face-to-face assistance. However, to enhance their effectiveness, it is essential to understand the unique characteristics of peer support user groups, and how they participate, contribute and communicate in these forums. This paper proposes and tests a novel approach that leverages stylometry analysis to uncover the unique characteristics of peer support user groups in such forums. Our approach identifies how each group empowers and supports other users, and what distinguishes them from others. The analysis shows that emotion-related words are crucial in identifying and distinguishing user groups based on their writing style. Comparative analysis of emotion expressions across user groups also uncovers the significance of emotional content in these forums in promoting mental well-being. Valued ‘senior contributors’ were more likely than all other groups including trained community guides to use a wide range of both positive and negative emotions in their posts. These findings have significant implications for improving the training of peer-mentors and moderators, scaling forum services, and improving guidelines for emotional expression among peer support users. Our approach presents an objective approach to differentiating the characteristics and communication patterns of valued senior contributors, mentors, and guides, enabling service providers to foster the kinds of communication that supports positive outcomes for distressed users.
Adaptive neural tracking control for upper limb rehabilitation robot with output constraints
Authors: Zhang Zibin , Cui Pengbo , An Aimin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe authors investigate the trajectory tracking control problem of an upper limb rehabilitation robot system with unknown dynamics. To address the system's uncertainties and improve the tracking accuracy of the rehabilitation robot, an adaptive neural full‐state feedback control is proposed. The neural network is utilised to approximate the dynamics that are not fully modelled and adapt to the interaction between the upper limb rehabilitation robot and the patient. By incorporating a high‐gain observer, unmeasurable state information is integrated into the output feedback control. Taking into consideration the issue of joint position constraints during the actual rehabilitation training process, an adaptive neural full‐state and output feedback control scheme with output constraint is further designed. From the perspective of safety in human–robot interaction during rehabilitation training, log‐type barrier Lyapunov function is introduced in the output constraint controller to ensure that the output remains within the predefined constraint region. The stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by applying it to an upper limb rehabilitation robot through simulations.
Research on a Ka‐band large‐orbit gyro‐TWT with periodic dielectric‐loaded structure
Authors: Jintao Yang , Efeng Wang , Chaojun Lei , Qixiang Zhao , Jinjun Feng , Zihan Lei , Xu Zeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a design of a gyro‐TWT operating in the large‐orbit electron beam mode, with the aim of reducing the working magnetic field while ensuring operational efficiency. The periodic dielectric‐loaded structure, which has been successfully applied in the development of small‐orbit devices, is adopted as the high‐frequency interaction circuit. This paper conducts a comprehensive study and analysis of this structure and achieves stable operation in the Ka‐band after the optimization of the tube. This tube works at second harmonic of electron frequency in the mode of large‐orbit electron beam. The required magnetic field is only 5100 gauss, which can be generated using electromagnetic coils instead of superconducting magnets. The operational parameters include voltage of 75 kV, current of 9A, and velocity spread of 3.5%. Under these conditions, the device presents stable operation, with −3 dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz, and maximum output power of 165 kW. This result meets the expected requirements for magnetic field and operational efficiency, thus validating the feasibility of practical fabrication of large‐orbit gyro‐TWT with periodic dielectric‐loaded structure.
Exploring the Latest Highlights in Medical Natural Language Processing across Multiple Languages: A Survey
Authors: Shaitarova Anastassia , Zaghir Jamil , Lavelli Alberto , Krauthammer Michael , Rinaldi Fabio 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This survey aims to provide an overview of the current state of biomedical and clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) research and practice in Languages other than English (LoE). We pay special attention to data resources, language models, and popular NLP downstream tasks.
Methods: We explore the literature on clinical and biomedical NLP from the years 2020-2022, focusing on the challenges of multilinguality and LoE. We query online databases and manually select relevant publications. We also use recent NLP review papers to identify the possible information lacunae.
Results: Our work confirms the recent trend towards the use of transformer-based language models for a variety of NLP tasks in medical domains. In addition, there has been an increase in the availability of annotated datasets for clinical NLP in LoE, particularly in European languages such as Spanish, German and French. Common NLP tasks addressed in medical NLP research in LoE include information extraction, named entity recognition, normalization, linking, and negation detection. However, there is still a need for the development of annotated datasets and models specifically tailored to the unique characteristics and challenges of medical text in some of these languages, especially low-resources ones. Lastly, this survey highlights the progress of medical NLP in LoE, and helps at identifying opportunities for future research and development in this field.
Molecular Docking Insights of Newly Synthesized Schiff Base Monomers and Evaluating the Anticancer Activity of Their Polymers
Authors: Ibrahim A. Mohammed , Shabeer T.K. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction
The molecular docking technique has shown efficacy with small molecules but faces challenges when applied to macromolecules. To overcome this limitation, a focused approach targeting the active repeat units (monomers) of macromolecules was adopted. This study synthesized ten new dihydroxy Schiff base monomers (SBM1-SBM10) featuring azo moieties and alkoxy side groups. These were attached to human 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (4XO6), a protein linked to breast cancer, using molecular docking via the AutoDock tool.

Materials and Methods
The synthesis of dihydroxy Schiff base monomers SBM1-SBM10 with azo moieties and alkoxy side groups was carried out. These synthesized monomers were then docked with human 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (4XO6) utilizing AutoDock. Among these, the most promisingly docked monomer, SBM8, was selected for further experimentation. SBM8 was polymerized with terephthaloyl chloride to produce a novel polyester termed PolySyringaldehydeDiaminodiphenylSulfone (PSDS). The anticancer activity of PSDS was assessed using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. Concurrently, its cytotoxicity was evaluated via the MTT assay employing a normal VERO cell line.

Results
The molecular docking analysis revealed the best-docked monomer, SBM8, which was subsequently used for the synthesis of PSDS. The newly formed polyester, PSDS, demonstrated significant anticancer properties against the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. Simultaneously, the cytotoxicity evaluation on the normal VERO cell line indicated a favorable safety profile for PSDS.

Conclusion
The study's findings highlight the successful synthesis and docking of dihydroxy Schiff base monomers with 4XO6, resulting in the creation of PSDS. This newly synthesized polyester, PSDS, exhibited promising anticancer activity against the MCF7 cell line while demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity towards normal VERO cells. These results suggest the potential of PSDS as a targeted therapeutic agent against breast cancer, warranting further investigation and development.
Operational and Performance Experience with uMI550 Digital PET-CT during Routine Quality Control Procedures
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Mohan V. Sai Krishna , Kaushik Chanchal 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction The quality control (QC) procedures for positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are covered by National Electrical Manufacturers Association and International Electrotechnical Commission. QC must be carried out at regular intervals according to the specifications of the scanner manufacturer. Daily and weekly QC plays a valuable role in monitoring positron emission tomography (PET) scanner performance changes. This study shares operational and performance experience of QC procedures that do not require a radioactive Ge-68 source to perform daily QC and experience with fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) as a substitute for germanium-68/sodium-22 (Ge-68/Na-22) source for weekly QC.
Method This study was performed on an uMI550 digital positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanner. In this scanner daily QC checks system temperature and humidity, system count rate, data link status, and voltage. QC was performed at the console control, the position of the scanner table was in the home position pulled out from the gantry, and the room was closed during the quick QC. Weekly full QC check items include look-up table drift, energy drift, time-of-flight status, C-map status, temperature and humidity, and voltage. Weekly full QC was performed with a 18F-FDG source in a rod phantom source.
Results Over 200 daily QC tests without a radioactive source Ge-68 phantom and 50 full weekly QC tests using a 18F-FDG rod phantom were performed with this scanner according to the manufacturer's instructions and a test report was generated. No daily QC errors or warnings were observed during this period.
Conclusion The new approach for the daily PET QC does not expose operators to radiation. This translates into commercial and operational merits with consistent performance and results.
Implications for Practice Reduction in radiation exposure to operating staff during QC procedure in PET-CT scanner.
Resultados radiográficos en fracturas supracondíleas humerales tipo III de Gartland
Authors: Franco Jose Humberto Rodriguez 
Published: December 2023

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar las características pre y postquirúrgicas después de la reducción cerrada a los 3 meses de las fracturas supracondíleas humerales pediátricas tipo III de Gartland.
Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de los datos de 294 pacientes. Se identificaron edad, sexo, mecanismo de lesión, diagnóstico y clasificación de acuerdo con el sistema de Gartland. Las características radiológicas pre y posquirúrgicas a los 3 meses del tratamiento quirúrgico (ángulo de Baumann, Ángulo cóndilo-humeral, y rotación) fueron registradas y analizadas con las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, y Chi 2 de Pearson.
Resultados Se presentaron 86 pacientes con fracturas de la región del húmero distal; las supracondíleas humerales correspondieron al 75.8%. La media de presentación fue 5.2 ± 2.8 años con rango de 1 a 14 años de edad. 45.3% correspondieron al Grupo IIIB y el 48.4% al Grupo IIIA de Gartland. Según la escala de Flynn encontramos 98% de resultados buenos o excelentes. El ángulo complementario de Baumann posquirúrgico tuvo una media de 12.8 ± 4.18° (t Student:-1.94, p:0.05), y el cóndilohumeral posquirúrgico una media de 46.9 ± 10.45 (t Student: 10.68, p: < 0.001). 6 casos persistieron con rotación en el posquirúrgico (chi2: <0.0001, p: <0.001)
Discusión Los resultados del grupo de estudio concuerdan con la literatura internacional. Atribuimos la baja tasa de lesión neurológica con respecto a otros estudios por la configuración de la estabilización lateral.
Conclusiones La reducción cerrada y enclavamiento percutáneo otorga resultados satisfactorios para el tratamiento de las fracturas supracondíleas humerales tipo III de Gartland.
Nivel de evidencia: IV