bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of transparent Bi2O3‐ZnO‐B2O3 glass by conventional sintering at low temperatures
Authors: Shyu Jiin‐Jyh , Li Cyuan‐Jhou 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGlass components fabricated by the sintering route have wide‐ranging applications. However, one issue is that the crystallization tendency of glass powders often leads to residual pore‐glass interfaces and crystal‐glass interfaces, thereby causing strong light scattering and rendering the sintered glass opaque. This issue is particularly pronounced in glasses with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) due to their weak bonding and thus high crystallization tendency. In the present study, a Bi2O3‐ZnO‐B2O3 glass with a low Tg of 364°C was fabricated using the conventional sintering method to explore whether transparent glass materials can be obtained. The temperature range of crystallization of the glass powders was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry. X‐ray diffraction was employed to analyze the crystalline phases formed in the sintered glasses. The microstructure of the sintered glasses was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The optical transmittance of the sintered glasses was measured using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. The results show that transparent sintered glasses with the highest transmittance of 54% at the wavelength of 650 nm can be obtained by using a coarser initial particle size, lower forming pressure, and an appropriate sintering temperature/time (430°C/30 min). It is suggested that this combination of processing parameters can suppress glass crystallization while maintaining a low glass viscosity during sintering.
Effect of nanoparticles on the hydration of NaOH‐activated GGBFS
Authors: Joseph Shiju , Unluer Cise 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effect of nanoparticles and nucleation seeds on the hydration kinetics of alkali‐activated materials is not well understood. Implications of nano‐TiO2 (nTiO2) and C–S–H nucleation seeds (XSeed) on the early‐age hydration and later‐age properties of sodium hydroxide‐activated ground granulated blast furnace slag were investigated. The effect of NaOH concentration (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 M) in the activator solution was reported. Results indicated the acceleration of early hydration kinetics with mixes of XSeed and nTiO2 when the concentration of the activator solution was 0.5/1 M. No considerable effects were noted with XSeed addition for 2/4 M, whereas there was an acceleration with the addition of nTiO2. These differences were attributed to the lack of dispersion of XSeed at higher activator concentrations. Hydrate phase assemblage did not change with the addition of nanoparticles by 28 days of hydration. Increase in strength, along with pore refinement, was observed with the incorporation of nanoparticles.
Periodontitis exacerbation during pregnancy in mice: Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a key inductor
Authors: Ortiz‐Sánchez Betsaida J. , Juárez‐Avelar Imelda , Andrade‐Meza Antonio , Mendoza‐Rodríguez Mónica Gabriela , Chirino Yolanda I. , Monroy‐Pérez Eric , Paniagua‐Contreras Gloria Luz , Rodriguez‐Sosa Miriam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was designed to investigate the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the exacerbation of pregestational periodontal disease (PGPD).BackgroundPeriodontitis (PT) is a severe stage of periodontal disease characterized by inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, which usually worsens during pregnancy. MIF is a proinflammatory cytokine that is significantly elevated in periodontitis, both at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy. Although periodontitis usually presents with greater severity during pregnancy, the participation of MIF in the evolution of periodontitis has not been established.MethodsTo analyze the relevance of MIF in the exacerbation of PGPD, we employed a model of PGPD in WT and Mif‐/‐ mice, both with a BALB/c genetic background. PT was induced with nylon suture ligatures placed supramarginally around the second upper right molar. For PGPD, PT was induced 2 weeks before mating. We evaluated histological changes and performed histometric analysis of the clinical attachment loss, relative expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐13 by immunofluorescence, and relative expression of the cytokines mif, tnf‐α, ifn‐γ, and il‐17 by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsOur data revealed that periodontal tissue from PGPD WT mice produced a twofold increase in MIF compared with PT WT mice. Moreover, the evolution of periodontitis in Mif‐/‐ mice was less severe than in PGDP WT mice. Periodontal tissue from Mif‐/‐ mice with PGPD produced 80% less TNF‐α and no IFN‐γ, as well as 50% lower expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and 25% less MMP‐13 compared to WT PGDP mice.ConclusionsOur study suggests that MIF plays an important role in the exacerbation of periodontitis during pregnancy and that MIF is partially responsible for the inflammation associated with the severity of periodontitis during pregnancy.
Does obstructive sleep apnea increase the risk of cancer and cancer mortality in combined community‐based cohorts?
Authors: Theorell‐Haglöw Jenny , Zhou Xingwu , Wittert Gary , Adams Robert , Appleton Sarah , Reynolds Amy , Ljunggren Mirjam , Marshall Nathaniel 
Published: November 2023

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to cancer in several clinical and community‐based cohorts. The effect in community‐based studies free of clinical referral bias needs to be replicated. In this observational prospective cohort study, we pooled data from three community‐based prospective cohorts (Uppsala Sleep and Health in Men cohort [UMEN]; Sleep and health in women [SHE]; Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress Cohort [MAILES]; nTotal = 1467). All cohorts had objective data on obstructive sleep apnea and registry linkage data on cancer and cancer mortality. Analyses for different obstructive sleep apnea measures (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI], oxygen desaturation index [ODI], and minimal saturation) as risk factors for cancer incidence (all cancers) were performed using Cox proportional hazards models (follow‐up 5–16 years). We did not find an overall increased risk of cancer after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (HRAHI [95% CI] = 1.00 [0.98; 1.01] and HRODI [95% CI] = 0.99 [0.97; 1.01]). Stratifying by daytime sleepiness did not influence the association. Cancer mortality was not significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Taken together, we did not observe an overall increased risk of cancer or cancer mortality in relation to obstructive sleep apnea, however, our confidence limits remain wide for important diagnostic categories of sleep apnea severity. The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and cancer needs further investigation in a comprehensive multi‐cohort approach with greater statistical precision. For future studies we may need to find and then combine every community‐based cohort study that can provide a definitive answer to the question on the risk of cancer from obstructive sleep apnea in the general population.
Comparison of five retinoids for anti‐photoaging therapy: Evaluation of anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative activities in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in vivo
Authors: Shu Peng , Jiang Ling , Li Menggeng , Li Yi , Yuan Zhengqiang , Lin Li , Wen Ju , Aisa Haji Akber , Du Zhiyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the past decades, increasing evidences have demonstrated that five retinoids, including retinol (ROL), retinol acetate (RAc), retinol propionate (RP), retinol palmitate (RPalm), and hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR), can be potential therapeutic agents for skin photoaging. However, therapeutic efficacies and biosafety have never been compared to these compounds. This study aimed to determine the optimal retinoid type(s) for anti‐photoaging therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrated that four retinoids (RPalm, RP, HPR and ROL) but not RAc were effective for anti‐photoaging treatment at 5 μg/mL in vitro, with action mechanisms associated with antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐skin ECM degradation activities. Notably, both RPalm and RP appeared superior to HPR and ROL for those activities. Importantly, both RPalm and RP were shown to be optimal for anti‐photoaging therapy when topically applied at 5 mg/kg in a UVB‐induced mice model of photoaging, which is consistent with their high anti‐photoaging activities in vitro. Additionally, topical application of these five retinoids showed satisfactory biosafety without causing significant apoptosis in animal organs, although RP application led to a slight decline in animal body weights. Collectively, these data have laid a good foundation for the next development of the clinical application of these retinoids for skin healthcare.
Reinforcement learning and the reward positivity with aversive outcomes
Authors: Bauer Elizabeth A. , Watanabe Brandon K. , MacNamara Annmarie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe reinforcement learning (RL) theory of the reward positivity (RewP), an event‐related potential (ERP) component that measures reward responsivity, suggests that the RewP should be largest when positive outcomes are unexpected and has been supported by work using appetitive outcomes (e.g., money). However, the RewP can also be elicited by the absence of aversive outcomes (e.g., shock). The limited work to‐date that has manipulated expectancy while using aversive outcomes has not supported the predictions of RL theory. Nonetheless, this work has been difficult to reconcile with the appetitive literature because the RewP was not observed as a reward signal in these studies, which used passive tasks that did not involve participant choice. Here, we tested the predictions of the RL theory by manipulating expectancy in an active/choice‐based threat‐of‐shock doors task that was previously found to elicit the RewP as a reward signal. Moreover, we used principal components analysis to isolate the RewP from overlapping ERP components. Eighty participants viewed pairs of doors surrounded by a red or green border; shock delivery was expected (80%) following red‐bordered doors and unexpected (20%) following green‐bordered doors. The RewP was observed as a reward signal (i.e., no shock > shock) that was not potentiated for unexpected feedback. In addition, the RewP was larger overall for unexpected (vs expected) feedback. Therefore, the RewP appears to reflect the additive (not interactive) effects of reward and expectancy, challenging the RL theory of the RewP, at least when reward is defined as the absence of an aversive outcome.
Doubly localized two‐dimensional rogue waves generated by resonant collision in Maccari system
Authors: Cao Yulei , He Jingsong , Cheng Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the Maccari system is investigated, which is viewed as a two‐dimensional extension of nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We derive doubly localized two‐dimensional rogue waves on the dark solitons of the Maccari system with Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method. The two‐dimensional rogue waves include line segment rogue waves and rogue‐lump waves, which are localized in two‐dimensional space and time. These rogue waves are generated by the resonant collision of rational solitary waves and dark solitons, the whole process of transforming elastic collision into resonant collision is analytically studied. Furthermore, we also discuss the local characteristics and asymptotic properties of these rogue waves. Simultaneously, the generating conditions of the line segment rogue wave and rogue‐lump wave are also given, which provides the possibility to predict rogue wave. Finally, a new way to obtain the high‐order rogue waves of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation are given by proper reduction from the semi‐rational solutions of the Maccari system.
Policy representation of everyday harm experienced by people with disability
Authors: Smyth Ciara , Fisher Karen R. , Robinson Sally , Ikäheimo Heikki , Hrenchir Nicole , Idle Jan , Yoon Jung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople with disability are at heightened risk of violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation (VANE) with policy geared towards responding to and eliminating VANE harm. Yet not all harm experienced by people with disability is captured within the VANE harm. Many people also experience harm in everyday interactions that leave them feeling uncomfortable, devalued, disrespected, threatened or silenced. Our multi‐method study begins with the term ‘everyday harm’ to describe these subtle, difficult‐to‐define and easily overlooked experiences, with the proviso that a more appropriate vocabulary may emerge from subsequent fieldwork. This article presents the results of a policy review about the representation of everyday harm between people with disability and paid support workers in disability policies. Results show that everyday harm is acknowledged in some disability policies. However, this acknowledgement is neither consistent nor comprehensive and policies do not consider the cumulative impact of everyday harm nor the subjective experience of harm. This review suggests a gap in conceptualising this type of harm and having a vocabulary that people with disability, support workers and organisations can use to acknowledge, name and, ultimately, prevent this form of harm. Empirical research about their experience of everyday harm is needed to address this gap.
Curating a media‐linked curriculum
Authors: Alroumi Fahad , Belforti Raquel , Villarroel Nadia , Blanchard Rebecca D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic motivated considerable educational innovation in technology‐enhanced learning (TEL), and educators must now thoughtfully apply identified best practices to both in‐person and virtual learning experiences through instructional design and reflective practice. This paper describes the development and evaluation of an innovation utilising TEL to enhance our core curriculum content and students' learning.ApproachThe curriculum‐linked media (CLM) was introduced as a part of a doctoring and clinical skills course for pre‐clinical medical students as a structured curriculum that pairs audio and/or video‐based content with reflection prompts designed to prime students for active, in‐person learning upon arrival to their classrooms. The CLM aimed to help students (1) gain a deeper understanding of the course content, (2) partake in reflective practice and (3) explore diverse perspectives on a particular topic.EvaluationAll students completed a survey at the end of their academic year to evaluate the activity. Some students found the innovation helpful in that it facilitated perspective taking and prepared them for their in‐person class. The reflection questions that paired with the media prompted discussion in class and a deeper connection with the materials. Making the content relevant to the local community and highlighting regional issues made the activity more relatable.ImplicationsOur experience demonstrated that the CLM model can be a helpful and efficient tool to stretch the educational reach of the classroom. Future applications may consider the implementation and evaluation of the model with clinical students and postgraduate trainees.
An innovative programme to track and address burnout in physician trainees
Authors: Snyder Deborah J. , Guinee Emily P. , Lipshutz Angela K. M. , Cheng M. Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a call to action for health care systems to assess and address burnout among physician trainees. To address this need for programmatic change, we developed a novel initiative to (1) proactively assess trainee burnout and identify drivers and (2) provide resources and recommendations for preventing and reducing burnout.ApproachThis pilot burnout tracking initiative began in 2020. A two‐question burnout survey was disseminated to physician trainees at a hospital devoted exclusively to clinical research. The survey assessed burnout level and drivers of burnout. An algorithm was created to recommend action steps based on trainee responses. Participating training programmes completed a 23‐question survey annually to provide information about their trainees and feedback.EvaluationSeven of 10 (70%) programmes completed the annual survey in the first year, and 12 of the 15 (80%) programmes completed it the second year. Reported average burnout levels and drivers of burnout varied across programmes; all drivers of burnout were cited as key drivers by at least one programme. Most programmes had conversations with their trainees and found these conversations helpful. All responding programmes who administered the trainee survey felt the initiative improved their ability to track and reduce burnout.ImplicationsAn initiative to systematically track burnout levels and offer targeted interventions was feasible and useful. This project can be a model for institution‐wide efforts to address trainee burnout and extend to other clinical health care settings and academic medicine faculty.
Update on the skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome and host defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Santoro Domenico , Saridomichelakis Manolis , Eisenschenk Melissa , Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Hensel Patrick , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie ,   for the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA)
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCanine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous microbiome, immunological and skin barrier alterations. This review summarises the current evidence on skin barrier defects and on cutaneous microbiome dysfunction in canine AD.ObjectiveTo this aim, online citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on skin barrier and cutaneous microbiome published between 2015 and 2023 were reviewed.ResultsSince the last update on the pathogenesis of canine AD, published by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015, 49 articles have been published on skin barrier function, cutaneous/aural innate immunity and the cutaneous/aural microbiome in atopic dogs. Skin barrier dysfunction and cutaneous microbial dysbiosis are essential players in the pathogenesis of canine AD. It is still unclear if such alterations are primary or secondary to cutaneous inflammation, although some evidence supports their primary involvement in the pathogenesis of canine AD.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceAlthough many studies have been published since 2015, the understanding of the cutaneous host–microbe interaction is still unclear, as is the role that cutaneous dysbiosis plays in the development and/or worsening of canine AD. More studies are needed aiming to design new therapeutic approaches to restore the skin barrier, to increase and optimise the cutaneous natural defences, and to rebalance the cutaneous microbiome.
Multidisciplinary Prediction of Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Creep Damage on an Internally Cooled Turbine Vane
Authors: He Qingfu , Chi Zhongran , Zang Shusheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the main causes of damage to gas turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGVs) is creep, which threatens the safety and reliability of gas turbines. Although creep life prediction has been applied to design and maintenance, creep damage is still frequently observed. Inadequate knowledge of the spatial–temporal evolution of creep damage makes it difficult to evaluate and accurately protect NGVs against abnormal creep damage. An integrated aero-thermal-structural simulation method based on conjugate heat transfer (CHT), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and finite element method (FEM) is proposed to predict the spatial–temporal evolution of creep damage in the NGVs with internal cooling structures. In the temporal dimension, creep life is calculated by Larson–Miller parameters. In the spatial dimension, creep damage is characterized by a parametric modeling and CHT mesh generation procedure. The predicted results show that creep damage forms a groove or crack along the span at the leading edge of the suction side where the stress concentrates, which is similar to the frequently observed damage on the actual NGVs. The interactions between creep damage, flow, and heat transfer are discussed. The increase in turbine inlet temperature significantly shortens the time required for creep formation and evolution. It is suggested that creep damage through the NGV wall could radically alter the heat transfer and flow, resulting in a 30 K increase in average leading edge temperature. As a result, the evolution of creep damage is self-promotingly accelerated.
Parents’ understanding of medication at discharge and potential harm in children with medical complexity
Authors: Selzer Axana , Eibensteiner Fabian , Kaltenegger Lukas , Hana Michelle , Laml-Wallner Gerda , Geist Matthias Benjamin , Mandler Christopher , Valent Isabella , Arbeiter Klaus , Mueller-Sacherer Thomas , Herle Marion , Aufricht Christoph , Boehm Michael 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveChildren with medical complexity (CMC) are among the most vulnerable patient groups. This study aimed to evaluate their prevalence and risk factors for medication misunderstanding and potential harm (PH) at discharge.Design and settingCross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre.Study populationCMC admitted at Medical University of Vienna between May 2018 and January 2019.InterventionCMC and caregivers underwent a structured interview at discharge; medication understanding and PH for adverse events were assessed by a hybrid approach.Main outcome measuresMedication misunderstanding rate; PH.ResultsFor 106 included children (median age 9.6 years), a median number of 5.0 (IQR 3.0–8.0) different medications were prescribed. 83 CMC (78.3%) demonstrated at least one misunderstanding, in 33 CMC (31.1%), potential harm was detected, 5 of them severe. Misunderstandings were associated with more medications (r=0.24, p=0.013), new prescriptions (r=0.23, p=0.019), quality of medication-related communication (r=−0.21, p=0.032), low level of education (p=0.013), low language skills (p=0.002) and migratory background (p=0.001). Relative risk of PH was 2.27 times increased (95% CI 1.23 to 4.22) with new medications, 2.14 times increased (95% CI 1.10 to 4.17) with migratory background.ConclusionDespite continuous care at a tertiary care centre and high level of subjective satisfaction, high prevalence of medication misunderstanding with relevant risk for PH was discovered in CMC and their caregivers. This demonstrates the need of interventions to improve patient safety, with stratification of medication-related communication for high-risk groups and a restructured discharge process focusing on detection of misunderstandings (‘unknown unknowns’).