bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dislocation, Violence, and the Language of Sentiment
Authors: Hamilton Cynthia S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dislocation and violence provided evocative material for the slave narratives published before the Civil War, but more interesting than the continuing presence of such material are the changing literary conventions used to handle it. By examining these conventions, one can begin to see the impact of other popular literary genres on the slave narrative. Through wide availability and popularity, the Indian captivity narrative and later the sentimental novel provided both authors and reading public with conventions and expectations on which the slave narratives could draw. The Indian captivity narrative, which anticipated the slave narrative by over half a century, provided its earliest formal template.
The Hues and Uses of Liberia
Authors: Tyler-McGraw Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On December 28, 1816, the American Society for Colonizing the Free People of Colour, soon to become the American Colonization Society, was organized in the hall of the House of Representatives in Washington, D.C. Its goal was to send free persons of color, with their consent, from the United States to a colony to be acquired on the west coast of Africa. The recent and surprisingly successful conclusion to the War of 1812 encouraged a heady sense of national destiny and the moment seemed auspicious for grand schemes. One of those schemes was an effort to move beyond the cautious founding fathers and address the manifest contradictions between republican liberty and chattel slavery in the United States. The society was primarily the product of steady but separate agitation and organization by a Virginia congressman and a New Jersey minister and, in addressing the condition and prospects of the free black, focused on race more than slavery.
Alice Walker, Activist Matron of FORWARD
Authors: Levin Tobe , Gleichen Freifrau von 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the demonstrators, diasporan African women, oppose a Brent councillor’s 1992 motion to legalize genital cutting, we know that the majority of African women involved approve “female circumcision”the “culturally sensitive” and “respectful” word until 1990-when a regional conference of the Inter-African Committee (IAC) in Addis Ababa proposed altering the terminology. In 1991, the UN Seminar on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children, held in Burkina Faso, recommended the term “female genital mutilation,” or FGM, which is now codified in World Health Assembly Resolution WHA46.18 and other international instruments, including documents approved during the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, September 1995 (WHO J2). Sadly, a footnote appears in the Beijing Platform for Action’s chapter on women and health, allowing “the various religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds” (United Nations, Draft Platform, 43) to influence assessment of implementation risks and potentially undermine FGM eradication efforts.
Social Context
Authors: Pilowsky Issy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until the psychiatric profession emerged as an independent medical discipline, and, even more recently, found a role in general hospitals, it was not possible for hypochondriasis to be comprehensively considered from a “psychiatric” view point. Before then, when psychiatrists (or “alienists” as they were known) practiced almost exclusively in “asylums,” the only occasions on which they encountered hypochondriacal phenomena were when they were part of a psychotic illness such as schizophrenia or affective disorder. The patients with nonpsychotic hypochondriasis were seen, in the main, by physicians who were not necessarily inclined to write about or research the subject, with occasional notable exceptions.
The Black Arts Movement: Performance, Neo-Orality, and the Destruction of the “White Thing”
Authors: Sell Mike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is worth recalling that a cofounder of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense—Bobby Seale—was at one time an actor in a San Francisco theater troupe run by an up-and-coming playwright and director named Ed Bullins. It is worth recalling because the relationships among institutions, communities, and the peculiar ontologies and epistemologies of performance are foundational dynamics of both the Black Power and Black Arts movements. Both movements devised Black Nationalist strategies to effectively respond to the complications of race politics by the peculiar characteristics of the American political scene in the 1960s, a scene dominated by a tendentiously racist mass media, which seemed intent on transforming the social and civil turmoil of the era into a multimedia spectacle.1 However, significant differences exist between the performance politics of the two movements. While the Panthers attempted to seduce and exploit the media(and wealthy liberals) by way of outrageous, blatant displays of hypermasculine “Blackness,” the Black Arts Movement sought to evade white media, tolerant liberal wealth, and Euro-American aesthetic traditions by taking their revolutionary, Afrocentric cultural program to historically African American colleges and urban, geographically distinct, African American communities.2 These very different negotiations of what Guy Debord calls the “society of the spectacle”3 were linked to very different understandings of the relationship between political radicalism and artistic radicalism.
Beyond a Liberal Audience
Authors: Sonnega William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1960 it was thought by a lot of black people and a lot of white liberals that if the two cultures met and white Americans embraced our {black} culture, if they got to know our music and to know our dance, then somehow we could come to a better understanding. But that was not the case. You could be KKK and still watch Bill Cosby on Thursday nights.
Uh Tiny Land Mass Just Outside of My Vocabulary: Expression of Creative Nomadism and Contemporary African American Playwrights
Authors: Dixon Kimberly D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
African American cultural history includes within it an extensive expatriate tradition. Scholars often foreground the stories of famous African American writers, such as James Baldwin, Richard Wright, and Chester Himes, who left America behind to seek out new homes abroad for themselves and their work and who produced work with themes and stories that frequently reflected their expatriate status. While these writers are deservedly prominent both for their literary merit and for the influence their lives and careers have had on African American and other cultures, their status as representatives of the African American expatriate tradition is misleading. Their common gender and association with a single genre create an image of the African American expatriate writer as being male and a novelist.3 Furthermore, the fact that these writers’ identities as African American expatriates were secured during the 1950s and l 960s leads some scholars to suggest that the African American expatriate tradition died when they did.4 Perhaps most significant, these histories frame literal, physical migration as the only means of movement and repositioning embraced by African American artists.
Acting Out Miscegenation
Authors: Paulin Diana R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because of the ways that black-white, or interracial, intimate affairs have symbolized both explicit acts of racial transgression and implicit threats to essentialized racial categories in the United States, their representation creates space for complex readings of racial identities. The ambivalent and liminal space in which interracial desire is most frequently represented does not merely complicate race, it functions as a place for more productive and multivalent articulations of black and white subjectivities.
Birmingham’s Federal Theater Project Negro Unit: The Administration of Race
Authors: Redd Tina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a social order that is deeply racialized, any policy that invokes race as a sign, a mark of, rather than as grounds for preferential treatment, even where justified, is likely to be used to exacerbate racial tensions and divides, to magnify whatever racially characterized tensions and ambivalences there are.
Variation
Authors: Simonton Dean Keith 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An essential component of all Darwinian theories is variation. Neither primary nor secondary theories can function without assuming that the units of selection display some degree of inheritable or transferable variation. The variants are what feed the selection process, whether natural or sexual, immunological or sociocultural. In the absence of such variability, Darwinian evolution and development would screech to a halt. It should not surprise us, therefore, that the behavioral scientists most influenced by Charles Darwin’s ideas have displayed a fascination with how human beings can differ in so many of their attributes. Francis Galton counts among the earliest and most prominent examples. Profoundly inspired by reading Origin of Species, Galton became convinced that individual differences are both substantial and consequential. For example, Galton’s 1869 Hereditary Genius argues emphatically that individuals vary immensely in what he styled “natural abilitY:’ a character that includes “those qualities of intellect and disposition, which urge and qualify a man to perform acts that lead reputation. I do not mean capacity without zeal, nor zeal without capacity, nor even a combination of both of them, without an adequte power of doing a great deal of very laborious work.
Relational Meaning and Discrete Emotions
Authors: Lazarus Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growing importance of cognitive-mediational or value-expectancy approaches to mind and behavior in the social sciences has generated a renewed interest in the emotions as discrete categories. This is in contrast with the position that views emotions as a limited set of dimensions (see, for example, Daly, Polivy, & Lancee, 1983, Plutchik, 1980a, Russell, 1980, 1983, Schlosberg, 1941, and Wundt, 1905, for data and discussions of the dimensional approach, and Lazarus, 1991b for further discussion). In the discrete emotion approach, dimensions of emotional intensity are still employed, but these are applied within each emotion category. In contrast, the dimensional approach minimizes the importance of distinctions among the emotions because it is based on a factor-analytic search for the minimal number of emotion dimensions that account for the maximum emotion variance.
Toward Delivering on the Promise of Appraisal Theory
Authors: Smith Craig A , Kirby Leslie D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Appraisal theory promises a lot to the student of emotion. Although nominally a theory of the cognitive antecedents of emotion, the theory aspires to much more. In addition to describing the specific cognitions that elicit various emotions (e.g., Roseman, 1984; Scherer, 1984c; Smith & Ellsworth, 1985; Smith & Lazarus, 1990), appraisal theory promises to reveal much about broader issues in emotion psychology, such as: the kinds of situations and contexts likely to give rise to specific emotions for a particular individual (e.g., Smith & Pope, 1992) and the organization of physiological activity (both facial and autonomic) in emotion (e.g., Kirby, 1999b; Lazarus, 1968b; Scherer, 1986a, 1992c; C. A. Smith, 1989; Smith & Scott, 1997), as well as the motivational functions served by emotion (e.g., Frijda, 1987; Roseman, Wiest, & Swartz, 1994) and the role of emotion in coping and adaptation (e.g., Lazarus, 1968b, 1991b; Smith & Wallston, 1992).
The Twin Method: What We Can Learn from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hewitt John K , Emde Robert N , Plomin Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The studies reported in this volume address issues about the organization of behavior and its development in infancy. Of interest to the research team were the roles of genes, shared family environments, and individual experiences in shaping individual differences during early development. Thus, the study was designed to make use of the “natural experiment” of twinning that provides one of the most direct and well-controlled methods for the detection and quantitative assessment of the impact of heritable (genetic) and non-heritable (environmental) influences (Neale and Cardon, 1992).
The Structure of Temperament
Authors: Kagan Jerome 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Explanations of the adult variation in mood, talents, and personality traits have cycled between an emphasis on external events, whether air, water, diet, or social encounters, on the one hand, and endogenous influences, on the other. When endogenous influences take the form of inherited physiological factors, they become synonymous with the idea of human temperaments. The concept of temperament, which was popular in the West from ancient Greece to the end of the nineteenth century, was ignored for the first half dozen decades of this century because of the political necessity of emphasizing the role of environment and minimizing biological differences among young children.
Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Chambers Marcie L , Hewitt John K , Schmitz Stephanie , Corley Robin P , Fulker David W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Being overweight or obese is a health problem of increasing concern in indus trialized societies. The prevalence of being overweight in the United States appears to be rising both in adults (Kuczmarski et al., 1994) and in children (Gortmaker et al., 1987). Obesity in childhood is predictive of obesity in adult hood (Rolland-Cachera et al., 1987), and being overweight or obese is related to morbidity for a variety of diseases, including non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (Hubert et al., 1983; Pi-Sunyer, 1991; Van Hallie, 1985;) as well as being associated with reduced longevity (Lew, 1985; Lew and Garfinkel, 1979).
Reciprocal Altruism
Authors: Trivers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was the spring semester of 1969 and the population geneticist Richard Lewontin had come to Harvard to deliver a talk on a new methodology that promised to revolutionize the field of population genetics. Lewontin was then at nearly the height of his powers, and 250 people, myself included, were crammed into a lecture hall to hear his eagerly anticipated talk. It was my devout wish that he would fall flat on his face.
Haplodiploidy and the Social Insects
Authors: Trivers Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Richard Feynman, the great physicist, once warned of the dangers of think tanks—of trying to do intellectual work, especially theoretical work, without any teaching responsibilities. At first it sounds like a wonderful idea, to have that much more time to devote to what you really care about. But in actual fact it was often a death trap. Inevitably, there will be times when you have no ideas. What do you do then? If you have a teaching position you con-centrate on teaching, and the teaching is likely to rejuvenate you mentally. The act of preparing materials for other minds requires you to think things through more carefully than if you are merely explaining them to yourself.
Neandertal Hunting and Meat-Processing in the Near East: Evidence from Kebara Cave (Israel)
Authors: Speth John D , Tchernov Eitan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Few would question the assertion that by the end of the Upper Paleolithic (about 10,000 years ago) humans were highly competent hunters, going about the business of hunting much as any modern forager would, and probably employing a broadly similar range of techniques, strategies and decision-making criteria. While much less is known about the foraging behavior of Plio-Pleistocene hominids, most would also probably agree that their behavior was quite unlike that of modern hunter-gatherers, differing not just because early hominids possessed a far more rudimentary technology, but also because they probably went about it in ways that have few analogues among contemporary foragers. Thus, we seem to have fairly clear notions about the nature of human foraging at either end of the Pleistocene—scavenging and small-game hunting at the beginning, highly skilled large-game hunting by the end (see Bunn this volume).
The Other Faunivory: Primate Insectivory and Early Human Diet
Authors: McGrew William C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To most palaeoanthropologists, as well as many primatologists and ethnologists, faunivory equals carnivory (e.g., Lee and DeVore 1968; Stanford 1996). That is, the edible tissues of vertebrates is thought to be an important influence on human evolution at levels ranging from nutrition to mate choice to sex roles to communal cooperation. By default, meat equals power equals prominence. This is likely to lead to a skewed picture of early human diet, especially in light of the environment of evolutionary adaptedness in the open habitats of tropical Africa, where hominization began.
Mutualistic Hunting
Authors: Alvard Michael S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The problems involved with living in complex social groups have emerged as important prime movers for hominid adaptation. In H. sapiens, social complexity is associated with a number of interesting traits. One of the more interesting is the cooperative large-game acquisition and the distribution of the meat resource. Sometime during the last 5 million or so years, hominids went from a chimpanzee-like subsistence pattern to one where meat was a substantial proportion of the diet. In fact, the proportion of meat in the diet is one characteristic that sets humans apart from other primates.
Neonate Body Size and Hominid Carnivory
Authors: Vasey Natalia , Walker Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a fascinating discussion of genetic conflict between human mothers and their offspring, Haig (1993) put forward the idea that the placenta intervenes between the fetus and the mother causing escalation in a struggle for resources between them. Although individual nutritional requirements of fetus and mother are usually met, placental actions sometimes result in illness, pathology, and death. Haig’s ideas give a theoretical underpinning to understanding the observations of Portmann (1939, 1941, 1952, 1962, 1965, 1990), followed by those of Martin (1983), that the human full-term fetus, although grown with about the same gestation period as those of great apes, is both relatively and absolutely large and yet is secondarily altricial.
The Obscure Link Between Emotion and Reason
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
New work by neuroscientists concentrates on the interdependence be tween emotion (associated with intuition) and reason (associated with analysis). That work holds interest for us for it is that interdependence that addresses the problem of the effects of stress on judgment. If emotion and reason are demonstrably interdependent in the brain, both functionally and structurally, then there will be no doubt that stress, insofar as it gives rise to emotion, will have some effect on judgment, inasmuch as judgment is a product of reason. First, however, we must consider the basic question of whether emotions would have a positive or negative effect on judgment, if the two were in fact interdependent.
Erikson and Rethinking the Meaning of “Adult”
Authors: Hoare Carol Hren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1970, Erikson ended his “all too extroverted years” of teaching, writing, and traveling.1 He was 68 years old, had completed a lifetime of clinical work and writing, and had just retired from his professorship at Harvard. Against the backdrop of the 1960s with its various tensions, Erikson felt a resurgence of concern about humanity’s direction and eventual end. He hoped in the fundamental goodness of humans but feared that the species would soon destroy itself. Since 1965, he had written about the dangers of violence in a nuclear age. He now began a period of life fully beyond institutional life. The writing years left to him would be brief, but before he disengaged completely, he inspired one last, large-scale effort, the “Conference on the Adult,” sponsored by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.2 Through this conference, he hoped to surface new insights about undiscovered adult potentials that he held as essential in light of recent social events. Because his various audiences had largely focused on his eight-stage model of the human life cycle alone, most readers had missed his points about what it means to be developmentally mature. It was time to ask his question bluntly, “What is an adult?”
Prejudiced Adult
Authors: Hoare Carol Hren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On many occasions in his life, Erikson walked through the stone arch of the gate in which the following message is chiseled: “Enter to grow in wisdom. Depart to serve better your country and your kind.”1 Erected in 1901, in an era of mass immigration, the gate leads onto the grounds of a major American university. The closing words of its message convey the insular thinking that characterized a nation at the turn of the century, conveying a form of prejudice which Erikson studied and countered throughout his life. Who, he repeatedly asked, is one’s “kind?”
Playing, Childlike Adult
Authors: Hoare Carol Hren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Holding aside the specifics of stages once more, Erikson’s writings provide a wealth of insight into play and potential childlikeness in the grown adult and about how one might reclaim some of childhood’s lost power. It was clear to him that too many persons lose vitality, joy, and a sense of wonder enroute to full adulthood. To Erikson, the adult version of play exists in ideas and plans, in drama and scenarios, in visions, models, and worldviews. But childlikeness is an entirely different matter, a giant step beyond play. Adult childlikeness requires combining play with wonder and trust, a blend found only in the rarest of persons. Further, in the broad span of life called “maturity,” Erikson found that only the most extraordinary adult could see in children generally, and in his or her own internalized child specifically, anything other than weaknesses that had to be variously restrained, controlled, or brought up to stature. By full adulthood, wonder, the ability to see things delightfully anew, had been forfeited, and distrust and cynicism had replaced much of childhood’s trust. This is one reason for Erikson’s change in the negative poles for adult resolutions. He saw that identity, in its evolving adult forms, cannot coexist with cynicism, isolation, and rejection. Solid development, positive adaptation, and good mental health require acceptance of oneself, of other persons, and of viable social roles, instead of role refusal, withdrawal, stagnation, and bitterness mixed with self-disgust.1