bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation Coefficient in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Bishwas Sajal , Singh Brindaban 
Published: January 2024

The present research investigation was conducted at Instructional farm of AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh during rabi Season of 2022. The experimental material for the present research trial comprised of 20 diverse genotypes of wheat collected from different sources through the help from Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Science, AKS University, Satna (M. P.). This experiment was conducted by using Randomized Block Design with three replications. Five plants were chosen aimlessly from every genotype in each replication. Data were recorded for 12 yield and its contributing traits viz. days to 50 % flowering, number of productive tillers per plant, peduncle length (cm), plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, days to maturity, 1000 seed weight (g), biological yield (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield per plant (g) to estimate the heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient among various yield and its contributing characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results revealed highly significant difference for all the characters which expressed huge amount of diversity among 20 genotypes of wheat. The maximum value of heritability was shown by number of grains per spike (97.75), number of spikelets per spike (97.16), spike length (cm) (90.68), plant height (cm) (87.68), 1000 seed weight (g) (87.37), days to maturity (86.59), number of productive tillers per plant (84.77), days to 50 % flowering (84.24), grain yield per plant (g) (81.25) and peduncle length (cm) (78.23). Characters 1000 seed weight (g) (47.0977) followed by Spike length (cm) (41.0351), Number of grains per spike (39.9853), Number of productive tillers per plant (37.6517) and Number of spikelets per spike (30.6568) showed higher estimates of genetic advance in per cent of mean. The characters number of productive tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike and 1000 seed weight (g) exhibited great coupling in heritability and genetic advance. The characters number of spikelets per spike (0.8524**), number of grains per spike (0.8411**), biological yield (g) (0.8279**), spike length (cm) (0.7737**), days to maturity (0.7252**),1000 seed weight (g) (0.6038**) and plant height (cm) (0.4648*) exhibited positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant so maximum weightage should be given to these traits for further crop improvement program.
Impact of Nutrition Education through Innovative Story Telling in Pre-School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Nair Amritha V. N. , Beela G. K.  
Published: January 2024

Aim: To assess the impact of Nutrition education through innovative story telling in fruits consumption among the pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder.
Sample: Ninety children with autism spectrum disorder were selected from Preschools and BUDS schools of Thiruvananthapuram district.
Study Design: To assess fruit consumption of pre-school children (3-6 years) with autism spectrum disorder, ninety children with autism spectrum disorder was selected from urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district, Kerala. Out of ninety, forty-five children with ASD were randomly selected as experiment group and forty-five children as control group. The experimental group received the nutrition education through story telling using story books.
Place of study: Urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district were randomly selected for study.
Methodology: Frequency of fruits consumption of 90 children (45 as control and 45 as experimental group) were collected using food frequency questionnaire in pre and post phase. After the nutrition education, pre and post scores of both groups were compared to find the deviation among the population.
Results: Majority of the children with autism spectrum disorder shows significant changes in post Nutrition education. Frequency of fruits consumption increased after the Nutrition education in the experimental group compared to control group.
Conclusion: Early childhood is a period of rapid growth and is an important phase for developing eating habits because the dietary behaviours acquired during the early years of life can extend to adulthood. Fruits are rich in fibre, nutrients, and vitamins. It's important to encourage children to consume a range of fruits and veggies. It protects against illness and promotes health both now and in the future.
Microbial Interactions in the Management of Groundnut Stem Rot
Authors: Yamunarani K. , Sangeetha S. , Chitra K. , Dhanalakshmi K. , Dhanushkodi V. 
Published: January 2024

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed crop in the world belonging to the Leguminosae family. It is one of the essential food and cash crops of our country. In India, a large number of diseases attack groundnut [1]. Among soil borne diseases, stem rot or white mold caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. [2] is an important disease causing significant yield losses in several groundnut growing countries (Mehan et al., 1994). Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soil borne fungal pathogen of oil seed crop in India. Different practices are recommended for management of groundnut stem rot such as deep summer ploughing, destruction of plant debris, crop rotation with jowar and bajra, seed treatment with carbendazim or captan or mancozeb or tebuconazole, soil drenching with hexaconazole, application of ammonium sulphate or calcium ammonium nitrate instead of urea and application of gypsum at flowering stage. Further, no single treatment is full proof and disease continues to cause losses in farmers’ fields. Biological control offers an interesting alternative to fungicides for sustainable management of soil borne diseases. Biocontrol is a non-chemical measure, could be effective as chemical control by various techniques. Among the techniques, the mixture of antagonists was studied to enchance the control efficacy. In most studies, the involvement of only mechanism of biological control is demonstrated. Involvement of more than one mechanism has been reported in only a few systems. Use of several biocontrol agents with several mechanisms of control fits in well with the concepts of integrated disease management, in which several means of disease suppression are applied concurrently. When single or more means of mechanisms are not effective, the others may compensate for the former absence. The present study, involved three major bacterial antagonists viz., Streptomyces violaceusniger, Streptomyces exfoliatus and Pseudomonas fluorescens to find out the effective dose of mixtures. The different doses from 10-1 to 10-5 were studied, the dose 10-1 of Streptomyces violaceusniger have more efficiency of 86.70, than S. exfoliatus. The efficacy of Streptomyces violaceusniger with combination of other antagonists were tested and found that, the mixture of Streptomyces violaceusniger and P. fluorescens have synergistic activity than any other combinations which have synergistic factor greater than one.
Humanity in Diversity: A Simple Basic Complementary Act to Help the Marginalized and Lonely Elderly Living in a Private, Non-Profit Nursing Home
Authors: Panjaitan Ani Oranda , Novelyn Silphia , Daroedono Ekarini , Chairulnisa Yasinta Putri , Justine Anastacia , Parandida Iga Ayu , Wiharianti Yosephine Vania , Siagian Forman Erwin 
Published: January 2024

Aims: To describe a simple basic complementary humanity act such as nursing home visit that can help a group of marginalized and abandoned elderly with no family who live together as residents of a non-profit nursing home feel better with simple but universal human touch and also to maintain or improve the functional status of elderly and reduce the use of institutional care services; an approach that can be consider as an alternative that complement the medical management of the elderly
Study Design: Interventional cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Private non-profit nursing home Yayasan Bunga Bakung, north Jakarta, Indonesia, between November-December 2023.
Methodology: 12 individuals (1 man, 11 women; age range 65-85 years) with geriatric syndrome whose previously live alone with no family, no social security, abandoned and marginalized, which are then accommodated and maintained by a non-profit foundation in a nursing home as subject to our visit. Three out of these 12 residents have definite post-stroke condition with weakness or paralysis on one side of their body, and having problems with co-ordination and balance. 7 out of 12 suffer from hypertension. We conducted five simple and basic nursing home visit to maintain and improve the functional status of elderly and minimize the use of institutional care services. In the first two visit, a small advanced team conducted simple focus group discussion (to the management in the first visit, and to the inmates during the second visit) regarding the daily management of the continuity of nursing homes as well as the advantages and disadvantages and future hopes felt by the inmates. The third visit is our main social activity which centered on all the elderly and followed by the fourth and fifth visit where simple observation and analysis of the inmate’s response to the previous visit conducted.
Results: Observation conducted during the fourth and fifth showed a slight improvement. This basic risk limitation group intervention) related to the performance of the elderly, such as in the context of topics of conversation among themselves as well as increased personal perceptions regarding feelings of worth, being given attention, being considered present and important. A risk limitation group approach like the one that we did seems promising, but further scientific evidence is needed
Conclusion: Non-invasive complementary humanitarian approach for maintaining and even improving functional status of elderly is a possible approach that may produce happiness and well-being, and reduce medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the real time psycho-biological welfare is part of the management of geriatric problem. This approach, however, need further work to validate reliability.
Saudi People’s Knowledge and Attitudes about Herbals’ Side Effects and their Interactions with Medications
Authors: Alanazi Amal Sulaiman 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The safety of herbal medicines is of particular importance because the majority of these products is self-prescribed and is used to treat minor and often chronic conditions. If not used with caution, some herbals may cause side effects and interactions with drugs.
Objective: To determine awareness, attitudes of Saudi people about side effects of herbs and herbal products, their interaction with medicines and to determine the common source of information about herbals.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study in the period from January to November 2023. on a random sample comprised of 530 Saudi persons living in different regions of Saudi Arabia using questionnaire in Arabic language. All data were analysed by descriptive statistics.
Results: Among the study participants, there were 147 (28%) have medium interest in herbals and 36 (7%) have large interest, 150 (28%) believes that herbals have no side effects, 121 (23%) believes that herbals can be taken instead of medications, 82 (16%) believes that herbals have the same efficacy as medications, 103 (19%) take herbals with medications, 172 (32%) think that taking herbals with prescription medications may give better effect than taking each one separately, 78 (15%) don't know that taking medication with herbals can cause side effects, 87 (16%) don't know that herbals can interact with medications, only 73 (14%) reported that they told the doctor or pharmacist about taking herbals with medications. Laxative/constipation and carminative effect (19%), relieving pain (14%), cough and cold (13%), menstrual disturbances (8%) were the most conditions to be treated by herbal remedies among study participants. Only 12 (2%) had adverse effects from taking herbals. Anise (39%), Peppermint (37%), Ginger (21%), cinnamon (20%), cumin (19%), are among the commonly used herbs reported by participants. The source of information about herbals reported among participants were family and relatives (62%), media (12%).
Conclusion: Although herbals are widely used, knowledge of their potential adverse effects and interactions with drugs is limited. There’s a need to increase public awareness of the community about risks of medical herbs.
Hedging long‐term commodity risk
Authors: Veld‐Merkoulova Yulia V. , de Roon Frans A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study focuses on the problem of hedging longer‐term commodity positions, which often arises when
the maturity of actively traded futures contracts on this commodity is limited to a few months. In this case,
using a rollover strategy results in a high residual risk, which is related to the uncertain futures basis. We use
a one‐factor term structure model of futures convenience yields in order to construct a hedging strategy
that minimizes both spot‐price risk and rollover risk by using futures of two different maturities. The
model is tested using three commodity futures: crude oil, orange juice, and lumber. In the
out‐of‐sample test, the residual variance of the 24‐month combined spot‐futures
positions is reduced by, respectively, 77%, 47%, and 84% compared to the variance of a
naïve hedging portfolio. Even after accounting for the higher trading volume necessary to maintain a
two‐contract hedge portfolio, this risk reduction outweighs the extra trading costs for the investor with
an average risk aversion. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 23:109–133, 2003
Asymptotic expansions for eigenvalues in the presence of small inhomogeneities
Authors: Ammari H. , Moskow S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe provide a rigorous derivation of an asymptotic formula for perturbations in the eigenvalues caused by the presence of a finite number of inhomogeneities of small diameter with conductivity different from the background conductivity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of thiazide compounds in terms of density functional theory
Authors: Latosińska J. N. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA systematic study on the impact of hydrogen addition at positions N2 and C3, as well as the role of a substituent at position C3 of the benzothiadiazine ring, on the electronic structure of the chlorothiazide (CTZ) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The results have shown the lowering of total energies with the addition of hydrogen atoms at positions N2 and C3. The HOMO and LUMO orbitals were located similarly in the unsaturated ring, along the C9C10 double bond with a delocalization on C5, on the C7C8 double bond, and on the nitrogen atoms N2 (only in CTZ analogs) and N4, regardless of the functional group at C3. The greatest contribution to HOMO in all thiazides comes from the atomic orbitals pz of nitrogen atoms N4; moreover, in the case of HCTZ analogs, in contrast to CTZ ones, the contribution of N2 nitrogen atom orbitals to HOMO is zero. For BTZ, there is a degeneracy in the HOMO orbitals, i.e., there are two orbitals with almost the same energy, one at C9C10 and the other at C7C8, opening the two reactive paths at HOMO and HOMO‐1. The greatest contributions to the LUMO orbitals comes from the atomic orbitals pz of the carbon atom C6 and only the LUMO orbital in BTZ is mostly localized on the carbon atoms C7 and C10. A comparison of the effective charge proves that the positions N2 and N4 can easily accept protons and of them N2 is more favored for HCTZ and CTZ whereas N4 is for the remaining thiazides. The higher charge density and electrostatic potentials are located in the NCN zone, especially on the N4 nitrogen atom. According to increasing electron–donor properties, the substituents can be ordered as CHCl2 < CH2SCH2CHCH2 < CH2SCH2Ph. Of key importance for stabilization of CTZ‐type compounds is the interaction of the free electron pair localized on N4 with antibonding π orbitals of the double bonds (nN4π and nN4π). The HCTZ type compounds are also stabilized by the interaction of a free electron pair localized on N4 with the antibonding π orbital of the double bond (nN4π) and by that of the bonding π with the antibonding π* orbitals (πC7C8π). A complementary objective was to gain some insight into the relationship between the physical and chemical properties and biologic activity of thiazides. The results of DFT calculations were confronted with experimental data from different spectroscopic and physical and chemical studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Application of molecular cluster models to study the amino acid L‐α‐alanine and its derived radicals in the crystalline state
Authors: Pauwels E. , Van Speybroeck V. , Waroquier M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this study, molecular cluster methods are used to simulate the crystalline environment of L‐α‐alanine. Two clusters are constructed based on neutron diffraction data, containing 7 and 14 molecules respectively. The geometry of a central alanine molecule is optimised at several levels of theory, while the surrounding molecules in the cluster are kept fixed in space. By evaluating the difference between the optimised and the experimental geometries, an assessment is made of the different levels of theory used. These vary from semi‐empirical to full DFT‐B3LYP treatments of the cluster. Special attention is paid to hybrid methods, involving the ONIOM scheme. These cluster methods are then used to study a radiation‐induced radical of alanine, since they allow unbiased geometry optimisation of the radical under study. The influence of the theoretical treatment is considered on several calculated hyperfine coupling constants. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
Investigation of NLO properties of substituted (M)‐tetrathia‐[7]‐helicenes by semiempirical and DFT methods
Authors: Daul Claude A. , Ciofini Ilaria , Weber Valery 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this article, we propose a theoretical study of static and dynamic polarizability α, first hyperpolarizability β, and second hyperpolarizability γ of substituted (M)‐tetrathia‐[7]‐helicenes. Both a semiempirical approach, in the case of static and dynamic properties, and density functional theory, in the case of static electric properties, were used. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a set of 10 molecules were investigated to predict the couple of donor–acceptor substituents that could best enhance the optical properties of (M)‐tetrathia‐[7]‐helicene. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
DFT study of electronic spectra and excited‐state properties of some 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives
Authors: de la Peña O'Shea V. A. , Pardo A. , Poyato J. M. L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe absorption and emission transitions of 1,8‐naphthalimide and two derivatives have been calculated using time‐dependent density functional theory methods. Only DFT methods obtained values in agreement with experimental photophysical behavior. Calculated electronic absorption and emission spectrum are reported. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2003
A Structural Model of Acculturation and Mental Health Status Among Chinese Americans
Authors: Shen Biing-Jiun , Takeuchi David T. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined the role of acculturation and its direct and indirect impact on depressive symptom severity through various correlates, including socioeconomic status (SES), stress, social support, personality negativity, and physical health perception. Using structural equation modeling, the proposed model was tested with 983 employed Chinese Americans from a representative community sample, the majority of whom were immigrants. The results demonstrated that acculturation, correlated with SES, contributed to depressive symptom severity only through indirect pathways. Higher acculturation was found associated with higher stress that in turn contributed to more elevated depressive symptoms. On the other hand, higher acculturation was also found strongly correlated with higher SES, which was associated with lower depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through several mediators. Better support, lower personality negativity, better health perception, and lower stress were found mediating the relationship between higher SES and lower depressive symptom severity. The simultaneous multigroup analysis showed that the final model was comparable for both men and women with very few differences.
Newborn mass screening versus selective investigation: Benefits and costs
Authors: Pollitt R. J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCost–benefit analysis of newborn screening has an unimpressive record and yet it is still regarded as an important decision tool. This workshop surveyed ongoing research into the costs and benefits of systematic whole‐population screening, as opposed to selective investigation of symptomatic patients, for inherited metabolic disease. Much current interest is focused on newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry, which can replace current methods for detecting phenylketonuria and cover a much wider range of diseases. Two observational studies are comparing cost‐effectiveness of tandem mass spectrometry screening versus symptomatic diagnosis in either concurrent or historical control populations. A number of other studies are assessing screening performance against predetermined criteria but without any formal control group. Medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common of the additional diseases being detected and it seems that octanoylcarnitine in blood is a particularly sensitive indicator: some of the cases detected by screening have genotypes suggesting a relatively low risk of serious metabolic decompensation. Ongoing studies should provide further quantitative and qualitative data but will not in themselves define the optimum balance between screening sensitivity and specificity.
Garrod's foresight; our hindsight
Authors: Scriver C. R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractArchibald Edward Garrod introduced a paradigm, new for its day, in medicine: Biochemistry is dynamic and different from the static nature of organic chemistry. It led him to think about metabolic pathways and to recognize that variation in Mendelian heredity could explain an ‘inborn error of metabolism’. At the time, Garrod had no idea about the nature of a gene. Genes are now well understood, genomes are being described for one organism after another (including H. sapiens) and it is understood that genomes ‘speak biochemistry (not phenotype)’. Accordingly, in the era of genomics, biochemistry and physiology become the bases of functional genomics and it is possible to appreciate why ‘nothing in biology makes sense without evolution’ (and nothing in medicine will make sense without biology). Mendelian, biochemical and molecular genetics together have revealed what lies behind the four canonical inborn errors described by Garrod (albinism, alkaptonuria, cystinuria and pentosuria). Both older and newer ideas in genetics, new tools for applying them, and renewed respect for the clinician‐scientist will enhance our understanding of the human biological variation that accounts for variant states of health and overt disease; an ‘unsimple’ phenotype (phenylketonuria) is used to illustrate in some detail. What can be known and what ought to be done with knowledge about human genetics to benefit individuals, families and communities (society) is both opportunity and challenge.