bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirations, Flourishing, and Compromises
Authors: Shulman Shmuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The typology of the different career pursuit pathways showed that not all young adults are able to pursue their aspired or adapted career goal. Some had to compromise and settle for the job that was available, though this did not meet earlier expectations. Following participants until the age of 35 suggested that those who made compromises exhibited reasonable capacities to handle work-related demands, which helped them remain stable in their jobs and contributed to their financial security and sense of confidence in a job that was not their dream. It was interesting to observe that they employed additional mechanisms to stabilize their lives. They either started to explore new options that might develop into a dream or became invested in a hobby they enjoy and that has probably become a source of fulfillment. In sum, the processes of adaptation and growth continue over time.
The Harms of Gentrification
Authors: Sundstrom Ronald R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The harms of gentrification are typically associated with displacement, and this chapter categorizes these objections as involving (1) distributive inequalities, (2) loss of community character, and (3) social inequalities. The first and third categories of harm are grave injustices and the source of enduring inequality. The second category of injury, the loss of community character, is essentially a stand-in for the disadvantages of social inequality. In response to standard views of these harms, this chapter maintains that groups do not have legitimate claims to any territory based on social identity alone. It explains that these harms are deeply related to the history of racial segregation and discrimination in housing. To address this enduring injustice, it argues that corrective justice is due to those who currently suffer the ill effects of segregation, concentrated disadvantage, and concentrated poverty.
Relevance
Authors: Dancy Tatiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A policy that imposes costs upon some people may be justifiable, if its implementation will realize some benefit—perhaps by allowing others to avoid the more significant costs that they would suffer under an alternative policy. But there must be good reasons for thinking that the policy will have this effect. Chapter 2 concerns this requirement—to identify a rational link between the policy as formulated and certain benefits. Statistical algorithms can help to meet this requirement, by predicting how certain facts will affect the target variable. But whether they do have this effect depends upon how data have been gathered and analysed, and how outputs have been translated into decisions about what to do.
Choice
Authors: Dancy Tatiana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 argues that we can have good reasons to value the opportunity to choose—to want what happens to us to depend upon how we behave when presented with alternatives. These reasons are not all egalitarian in nature, and the concerns that they raise cannot always be met by minimizing differences between people. Chapter 4 argues that these reasons weigh against policies of algorithmic decision-making that allocate burdens on the basis of predictions about our conduct that are derived from facts such as family background or social circumstance—facts that do not stem from our choices, over which we may have little or no influence.
Rhodes Must Fall, Ulysses, and the Politics of Teaching Modernism
Authors: Parsons Cóilín 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Riots and modernist theatre go hand in hand. Modernist novels, less of a spectacle in themselves, provoke less spectacular reactions, their controversies often played out in courts of law rather than in the street. This chapter proposes a contrapuntal examination of Ulysses, an epic of decolonization, and the re-emergence of decolonial thinking and political action in South Africa in the last ten years. It begins with a reflection on the experience of teaching modernism in South Africa, and identifying the ambivalent politics of Leopold Bloom as they are most prominently displayed in a brief flashback to Bloom’s experience of being caught up in a protest/riot against the South African war. From there, the chapter moves to the Rhodes Must Fall protests in South Africa in 2015/16 by way of The Fall, a devised stage play about the student protests in which one of the protestors/characters recalls feeling alienated in a first-year English lecture on E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India. Drawing these threads together, the chapter asks how the study of modernism, that self-proclaimed moment of violent rupture, can learn from and be energized by contemporary political protest and anger. It also considers how scholars might negotiate our desires for textual transhistoricism and the realities of a world, forged in riot and political protest, in which European modernism can no longer be taken for granted as a guide to the future.
‘If I write a Love poem it’s against the police’
Authors: Brooks Andrew , Lorange Astrid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reads ‘riot poems’ from the late 1960s to the present moment. We perform a materialist reading of this historical period (including the 1960s as a transitional period between post-war growth and 1973, a year that periodizes the beginning of sustained economic downturn), asking how the poem as a social object can allow us to sense the shape of social movements. Reading work by Miguel James, Wendy Trevino, Gwendolyn Brooks, and David Henderson, we argue that the ‘riot poem’ instructs readers to engage with the specific, contingent conditions in which struggle happens and is learned, shared, contested, won, and lost. We propose that the riot poem attempts to capture the conditions that produced the riot as well as the intensities that comprise rioting, in order to produce a document for future readers to study struggles for abolition in their historical situation. A riot poem makes a certain demand on its reader to consider the conditions of its making—that is, to consider the particular resistance it documents—and it also instructs a reader to be attentive to social meanings as they come to be articulated in new and unexpected ways.
Mobilizing the History of Protest and Dissent in Post-2011 Moroccan Novels
Authors: Laachir Karima 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literary and cultural production have always engaged with pressing social and political issues and have offered alternative visions and ‘imagining’ to the social and political spheres in Morocco. Novels written in Arabic and French, for example, have offered a rich cultural memory of social and political mobilization. They individually and collectively function to keep alive a memory of protest and riots that have largely been silenced in official history. This chapter focuses on the turn to memory in a sample of novels written post-2011 Arab Uprisings. It argues that these novels’ focus on memories of rural rebellions, urban riots, and students’ protests reinforces the interplay between past and present histories of dissent (and their suppression) as a reminder of the continuity of revolutionary movements of change. The novels demand the reader to reflect on Morocco’s political past, but also consider what sort of present is now available and what possible futures might be embraced.
From Caieta to Erato
Authors: McCallum Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first chapter explores the series of interconnected panels at the beginning of Aeneid 7 that reveal Vergil’s extraordinary vision for Aeneid 7–12. An examination of the entire sequence from the epitaphic commemoration of Aeneas’ nurse Caieta (A. 7.1–4) to the invocation of the Muse Erato (A. 7.37–45) reveals how intergeneric interplay with amatory and sepulchral elegy articulates the conceptual and aesthetic framework of Vergil’s ‘Italian Iliad’. Vergil’s poetic gestures to Caieta (mors) and Erato (amor) in the opening sequence have crucial programmatic implications. The clear structural correlation between the two framing devices associates mors with amor and sets the linked pair in productive tension with arma, the primary matrix outlined in the culmination of the proem.
Wielding Passion as Power
Authors: McCallum Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The third chapter focuses on the encounter between Venus and Vulcan (A. 8.370–406), in which the goddess uses seduction to convince her husband, the divine craftsman, to create special armour for her son Aeneas. Vergil’s depiction of Venus and Vulcan has engendered analyses that consider its relation to gender and sexuality, political ideology, philosophy, and rhetoric. By contrast, this chapter concentrates on the intergeneric poetics of the Vergilian scene of divine enticement. It identifies amatory elegiac details that accentuate the overt erotic dynamics of Venus’ seduction of Vulcan. Moreover, it demonstrates how aesthetic fluctuation between epic and elegy reinforces Vergil’s conception of amor as inextricably linked to arma and mors, as the goddess procures through seduction the armaments with which Aeneas eventually dispatches Turnus to the underworld.
From Amor to Mors
Authors: McCallum Sarah L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The final book of the Aeneid begins with a sequential dialogic exchange between Turnus, Latinus, Amata, and Lavinia that harks back to their programmatic introductions in Aeneid 7. In the martial escalation that follows the dialogic exchange, Vergil consigns Amata and Turnus to mors with marked funerary elegiac gestures, thereby fulfilling the teleogical progression established in Aeneid 7. This chapter disentangles the complicated nexus of interwoven elegiac material, both amatory and sepulchral, that underscores the problematic role of amor, which ignites and fuels lethal violence throughout the second half of Vergil’s epic. Turnus may pay lip service to political and martial ideals in his desire for single combat with Aeneas, but his ferocious enmity stems from amor; he cannot bear for Lavinia to be betrothed to his Trojan rival. The urgent speeches of Latinus and Amata call to mind the queen’s unseemly amor for Turnus, which leads to her death. Vivid erotic imagery in the description of Lavinia, blushing hotly in response to her mother’s fervent speech, suggests that amor lurks within her silent, dutiful persona. The intergeneric and allusive texture of Aeneid 12 make it the conceptual capstone of the established thematic trajectory, which brutally confirms the perilous consequences of amor for the central Italian characters of the maius opus.
Restraining Power through Institutions
Authors: Grigorescu Alexandru V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book challenges mainstream scholarly literature which has argued that we cannot develop meaningful analogies between domestic and international politics. It shows that there are important parallels across these two realms, however, only if we compare political interactions among states over the past two centuries to those within states, going back about one thousand years. It focuses specifically on the evolution of institutions that restrain concentrated power, such as courts, assemblies, or bureaucracies. In doing so, the book complements the literature’s traditional emphasis on efforts to acquire power with a “Lockean” approach emphasizing restraints on power. The first chapters develop a set of theoretical arguments about the emergence, change, and consolidation of institutional restraints on power. These are primarily derived from literature focusing on domestic politics going back to events such as those involving the Magna Carta or the Curia Regis in England, and the Estates General or Parlement in France. The empirical chapters assess the relevance of such arguments for explaining the evolution of numerous intergovernmental organizations: international courts, such as the Permanent Court of Arbitration, International Court of Justice, and International Criminal Court; international assemblies and parliaments such as the League of Nations’ Assembly, UN General Assembly, and European Parliament; and international secretariats such as those of Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine, UN, and World Bank. The similarities between developments in the domestic and international realms lead to several important conclusions about future expectations for international institutions and, more broadly, for world politics.
Artificial intelligence to benefit humanity
Authors: Garcia Denise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The introduction highlights the book’s significance, key definitions, and chronologies, and outlines the blurred lines between civilian and military uses of AI: from the militarization to the weaponization of AI. It begins to explain common good governance in the context of a shifting geopolitical context of great power rivalries with no incentive to cooperate in the military realm. The militarization of AI, especially in the absence of any oversight rules and globally agreed forms of governance, is a developing phenomenon that will impact international relations. The chapter details the diplomatic process on autonomous weapons as the only part discussed at a high level at the United Nations, and shows that not all already deployed autonomous weapons integrate AI, and that some AI-enhanced military robotic systems are not autonomous weapons. Many aspects of the militarization of AI are highly contentious and questionable, and are viewed as destabilizing to international security, as well as raising legal and ethical questions. The chapter introduces common good governance and transnational networked cooperation for a shifting global order: a more inclusive and humanistic approach to cooperating to prevent autonomous and algorithmic killing, showing that a global legal framework governing military AI is a global public good of the highest order and warrants global cooperation.
The dynamics of international diplomacy
Authors: Garcia Denise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed account of the dynamics of the high-stakes diplomacy on autonomous weapons at the United Nations since 2013, beginning with how the debate to create an international treaty on autonomous weapons started at the Human Rights Council and how a group of scientists alerted the world to the perils of autonomous weapons. It also details the growing chorus of consensus vis-à-vis a new international treaty on autonomous weapons and AI-assisted systems: legally binding and comprising some prohibitions (proscriptions) and some regulations. Therefore, certain modes of autonomy devoid of human control and predictability would be prohibited. Additionally, some systems that target humans would also be made unlawful. The regulations—also legally binding—would apply to various other aspects of the use of autonomous systems. The chapter examines the International Committee of the Red Cross’s position on the matter and frames the debate within the larger scope of strategic instability and insecurity for all in which the major military powers have been redefining their national security in terms of their pursuit of superiority in the realm of AI. It also describes the role of the United Nations in seeking peace and instability by highlighting some existing global maps for cooperation and security—the AI for Good Movement and the Sustainable Development Goals—and provides steps to common good governance under international law.
War, humanity’s security, and arms: Existing global norms
Authors: Garcia Denise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter advances the argument that the greater use of autonomy and AI is taking place at the intersection of the third revolution (use of autonomy and AI-assisted systems) in warfare and the fourth industrial revolution (digital and cyberspace’s prevalence) which makes for a volatile and consequential new reality with far-reaching repercussions. It examines previous evolutions and revolutions in warfare technologies—from chemical, biological, conventional to nuclear weapons—and identifies disarmament as an indubitably tried and tested route toward the attainment of common good governance to improve humanity’s security. Several new norms stemming from the prohibition of weapon systems examined have increased human security across the world and had a pacifying effect in international relations, making a difference in people’s lives by allowing the possibility of their pursuing gainful livelihoods. This is richly backed by a database of 25 international treaties that prove that precautionary measures outweigh the benefit of waiting until problems materialize. The findings inspire the creation of a common good governance-based regulatory framework on AI with fewer arms and more prosperity with a true framework for humanity.
Introduction
Authors: Macnish Kevin , Henschke Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introductory chapter which frames the key debates and aims of the book, with an overview of the book’s structure and summaries of the individual chapters. It opens with a reflection on the lifting of the global Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns and how these have been managed by liberal democratic governments engaging in large scale surveillance. The approaches taken by governments are indicative of a changing relationship between the individual and the state in liberal democracies, marked by factors such as declining trust in government authority. The chapter then comments on significant ethical challenges raised by the increase in surveillance, such as privacy, digital exclusion and the uncertainties of the Collingridge dilemma. It then provides an overview of the structure of the book, introducing each chapter in context.
No States of Exception
Authors: Smith Patrick Taylor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is common to suggest that certain threats generate emergency conditions that permit leaders to abjure deontic principles or to violate rights in the name of the common good. The idea that emergencies represent a kind of moral free-for-all has led some to argue that we should reject the concept in its entirety. This chapter argues that both positions are mistaken and unstable. Using neo-republican accounts of justice and legitimacy, this chapter makes three related points. First, it offers an account of emergency that is normatively relevant. Second, contrary to standard views—we should understand that institutions cannot change instantly and that emergencies should not be understood as justifying a permissively consequentialist political morality. Rather, using the Roman concept of ‘dictator’ as example, I argue that neo-republicans should create regulated spaces for controlled emergency reasoning. Finally, I apply this account to surveillance in the case of serious global health emergencies.
Ethical Requirements for Digital Systems for Contact Tracing in Pandemics
Authors: Lundgren Björn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to provide ethical requirements for digital tracking and tracing systems for Covid-19. Moreover, the chapter also identifies risks in guidelines: that temporary measures become permanent; that temporary measures affect information distribution norms, creating a new normal which may not be desirable; and that measures in one country negatively influence policies in another country. Recognizing these risks, the chapter proposes a solution to the inherent limits of developing a guideline with a check-list function, or other forms of easily determinable guidelines that can be used by a non-expert.
Introduction
Authors: Byerly T. Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Introduction explains the book’s main aim and situates the project in relation to other similar historical and contemporary work, identifying some of its key unique features. The goal of the book is to identify four pathways whereby individuals with ambiguous evidence for God can grow in virtue and attain greater flourishing by engaging in practices of faith toward God. This focus is compared and contrasted with Pascal’s Wager and with contemporary research concerned with benefits of religious practices that do not require cognitive commitments to religious realities. The book’s integration of conceptual and empirical research is highlighted.
Faith and Its Justification
Authors: Byerly T. Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the cognitive commitments involved in the focal faith practices of the book, such as thanking or praising God. The chapter argues that these commitments can be supplied by either beliefs or nondoxastic assumptions, but that ten other candidates (e.g., hope, credence) fail. It then considers the concern that taking on these beliefs or assumptions would be epistemically unjustified for individuals with ambiguous evidence for God. In response, it is argued that these commitments either are not epistemically unjustified or are epistemically excused, or their epistemic disvalue is outweighed by their moral value. To defend this response, the chapter engages with work in mainstream epistemology and articulates a novel argument for why the epistemic norms governing assumptions differ from those governing beliefs.
Spiritual Excellence
Authors: Byerly T. Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that individuals with ambiguous evidence for God can cultivate the virtue of spiritual excellence by engaging in contemplative practices that make use of minimal theism. Spiritual excellence involves a tendency to make skillful use of worldviews for which one has ambiguous evidence or better in order to experience morally transformative feelings of connectedness. The chapter presents an original empirical study with theists and agnostics who undertook a simple, contemplative faith practice that involved looking at awe-inspiring pictures with theistic or neutral prompts. Analysis of the data suggests that theists experience greater increases in connectedness when using the theistic prompts and that agnostics also experience such increases if they have a highly faithful orientation toward God and are comfortable and engaged with the exercise.
The Riot at Cannons
Authors: Luthman Johanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter deals with the events before, during, and after a brawl that broke out at Cannons, the Lake country estate outside of London. It uses the Star Chamber court records from a suit that was filed the following year, as well as letters. Roos and the Lakes presented vastly different versions of what occurred: Roos argued that his wife asked him to fetch her, but really plotted with her brother to attack him and his men as they arrived at Cannons. The Lakes argued that Roos showed up unannounced very early in the morning, violently grabbed his wife, and then had his men attack the Lake household. The chapter analyzes the tales and concludes that Roos found himself in a gendered double-bind. The Lakes accused him of acting unmanly, and his and his grandfather’s attempts to defend and explain his actions emasculated him as well.