bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procurement of Autogenous Bone from the Mandibular Ramus with Simultaneous Third-Molar Removal for Bone Grafting Using the Er, Cr:YSGG Laser: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Lee Cameron Y. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAutogenous bone grafting and third-molar removal are surgical procedures routinely performed in dentistry on a daily basis. The purpose of this preliminary report is to describe our clinical experience with the Er, Cr:YSGG laser in the procurement of bone harvested from the ramus and removal of third molars simultaneously from the mandible.
Study on suspension catalytic distillation for synthesis of linear alkylbenzene
Authors: Wang Er‐qiang , Li Cheng‐yue , Wen Langyou , Min Enze 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn extensive study is presented of linear alkylbenzene (LAB) synthesis by suspension catalytic distillation (SCD) with supported PW heteropoly acid catalyst. SCD is a new development of catalytic distillation in which the catalyst particles are suspended in the liquid and recirculated through a separator equipped without the column, while in traditional catalytic distillation the catalyst is generally fixed in the column. SCD has shown more advantageous characteristics for LAB synthesis in an exploratory experiment of bench scale. A completely rate‐based simulator RaCOLUMN for SCD process is developed, and as a case study used to simulate the profiles of concentrations, temperatures and other important process variables in SCD for LAB synthesis. Simulation results can agree well with the experimental data obtained in a stainless steel tray column with 23 sieve trays. It is found that, although the benzene/olefin ratio in the feed entering into the SCD column is very small, the concentration of benzene in the reaction section of the SCD column could maintain a large value because of the distillation effect, which is favorable to prohibit side reactions in alkylation process. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 845–853, 2005
Dispersion of particle pulses in fluidized beds measured by positron emission tomography
Authors: Dechsiri C. , Van der Zwan E. A. , Dehling H. G. , Hoffmann Alex. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe dispersion of pulses of a range of shapes through a bubbling fluidized bed has been studied using an ECAT EXACT HR+ PET camera. The equipment and materials used made it possible to label actual bed particles with a radioactive labeler for use as tracer. The experimental equipment and procedure as well as the data analysis procedure are described. The results are shown as bitmaps, 3‐D plots, and contour plots of the relative tracer concentration during 1‐s time intervals. The particle pulse is shown to exhibit a cyclical axial motion while it is being dispersed. The results are compared with a phenomenological stochastic model for particle dynamics. It is further shown that the model, which is based on the notions of upward material transport with the fluidization bubbles and material descent with dispersion in the bulk, qualitatively captures all the essential features. Material transport only in bubble wakes, however, could not account quantitatively for the results. The discrepancy is likely attributable to “gulf streaming” in the bed, a phenomenon that should be studied experimentally and accounted for in models for particle dynamics in fluidized beds. for particle dynamics in fluidized beds. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 791–801, 2005
Experimental and numerical study of a rotating wheel air classifier
Authors: Karunakumari L. , Eswaraiah C. , Jayanti S. , Narayanan S. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRotating wheel air classifiers are often used in many process industry applications. The internal geometry of these equipment is quite complicated and has not been investigated in detail. In the present study, the flow field inside a rotating wheel air classifier has been calculated using CFD techniques, taking full account of the internal geometrical features. The predicted overall flow rate and the flow pattern are in good agreement with measurements and flow visualization studies. The calculations show that the induced flow depends strongly on geometric parameters such as the location of the inlet and outlet ports and the type of shutters used. Trajectory calculations of single particles show that the particle motion is influenced principally by centrifugal force, air drag, and wall‐rebound characteristics. The wall rebound is possibly one of the means of how large particles enter the fines stream, leading to low efficiency at high speeds or large particles. Experiments of the classification using angular and radial shutter vanes show distinct range of operability of each type. These results have been interpreted coherently in the light of the flow pattern and particle trajectory calculations. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51:776–790, 2005
Concentration of Gengnian'an extract with a vapor–liquid–solid evaporator
Authors: Liu Ming‐yan , Yang Yang , Li Xiu‐lun , Nie Wan‐da , Ling Ning‐sheng , Pan Li‐jia 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA multiple‐tube evaporator with a vapor–liquid–solid flow of external natural circulating was established to investigate the characteristics of heat‐transfer enhancement and prevention of fouling in the concentration of Gengnian'an extract, which is a kind of Chinese patent medicine. The evaporator is composed of five stainless steel heating tubes. The cylindrical solid particles are made of physiologically inert material. Steam was used as the heating medium. Heat‐transfer enhancement was obtained with the three‐phase evaporator. For the concentration of an alcohol extract of Gengnian'an, the overall average heat‐transfer coefficients and the evaporation intensity with three‐phase flow are all about 1.6‐fold higher than those of the vapor–liquid two‐phase evaporator under similar operating conditions. For the evaporation of a water extract of Gengnian'an, the evaporation intensity for the three‐phase evaporator is about 1.3‐fold higher than that of the vapor–liquid two‐phase evaporator. Prevention of on‐line fouling was also observed. After running more than 300 h, fouling was not seen on the surface of the heating tubes of the three‐phase evaporator, although it does form in the evaporator with vapor–liquid flow when the operation time exceeds about 100 h under the same conditions. The concentration process can be simplified from the traditional two‐step concentration to one‐step concentration for such high viscous or easily fouled solutions. The quality of thick liquor was very stable according to the content analysis of the active ingredients, thus meeting the requirement for product quality standards. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 759–765, 2005
Association between the DRD2 A1 allele and opium addiction in the Iranian population
Authors: Najafabadi Maria Shahmoradgoli , Ohadi Mina , Joghataie Mohammad Taghi , Valaie Faraz , Riazalhosseini Yasser , Mostafavi Hamid , Mohammadbeigi Fariba , Najmabadi Hossein 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDysfunction of the central dopaminergic neurotransmission has been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of certain neuropsychiatric disorders such as drug abuse. It has been shown that the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene dysfunction is associated with multi‐drug addiction. Addiction to opium is the most common form of drug abuse in Iran. We studied the allelic association between DRD2 Taq I A polymorphism in 100 opium‐dependent Iranian patients and 130 unrelated controls. A 310 bp (base pair) region surrounding Taq I site at the DRD2 locus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product was incubated with Taq I restriction enzyme. The A1 allele remained intact while the A2 allele was cut. Significant association was observed between A1 allele and addiction in the patients group (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the frequency of A1A1 genotype was significantly higher in opium users than controls (P < 0.0001). Our result indicates that DRD2 might be involved in the pathophysiology of opium addiction. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Washington University Twin Study of alcoholism
Authors: Prescott Carol A. , Caldwell Constance B. , Carey Gregory , Vogler George P. , Trumbetta Susan L. , Gottesman Irving I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGenetic contributions to the liability to develop alcoholism in males of Northern and Western European ancestry are well‐established. However, questions remain concerning the role of genetic variation in the etiology of alcoholism among non‐white populations, among women, and the possibility of etiological heterogeneity in subtypes of alcoholism. The answers to these questions are needed to help define phenotypes for molecular genetic studies searching for QTLs for alcoholism. Twins from 295 pairs were consecutively ascertained at inpatient and outpatient psychiatric and alcohol treatment facilities in St. Louis, MO in 1981–1986. Probands and willing cotwins were evaluated by structured psychiatric interviews, psychometric assessment, and lifetime treatment records. One hundred fifty‐four probands met criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence (AAD), including twins from 45 MZ, 50 same‐sex DZ, and 59 opposite‐sex pairs. Twin‐pair resemblance was evaluated for AAD and alcohol dependence (AD), as well as for subsets defined by gender, patterns of comorbidity, ethnic background, and clinical features. Among males, heritability of AAD and AD was substantial, with little evidence for common environmental contributions to family resemblance. Pair resemblance among females was also substantial, but similar for MZ and DZ pairs, yielding near‐zero heritability estimates. However, based on these sample sizes, the sex differences were not statistically significant. The results confirm prior studies of strong genetic influences on alcoholism in males, but suggest lower genetic influence in females. Power to test other sources of heterogeneity was limited, but the results suggest no evidence for higher heritability for male early onset alcoholism or for alcoholism with comorbid antisocial personality. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 6q22 is a consistent finding in Portuguese subpopulations and may generalize to broader populations
Authors: Pato Carlos N. , Middleton Frank A. , Gentile Karen L. , Morley Christopher P. , Medeiros Helena , Macedo Antonio , Azevedo M. Helena , Pato Michele T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe recently reported genome‐wide significant linkage to chromosome 6q for bipolar disorder, in a study of 25 Portuguese families, using the Human Mapping Assay Xba 131 (HMA10K). To explore the generalizability of this finding, we reanalyzed our SNP linkage data according to the families' geographic origin. Specifically, the 25 families included 20 families from the Portuguese island collection (PIC; 15 families from the Azores Islands and 5 from the Madeira Islands) and 5 families from continental Portugal. Non‐parametric linkage analysis (NPL) was performed as previously described and indicated that each of these subpopulations showed evidence of linkage for the same region. To further address the potential generalizability of these findings to other populations, we have also examined allelic heterozygosity in our subpopulations and in three reference populations (Caucasian, East Asian, and African‐American). This analysis indicated that the PIC population is highly correlated to the Caucasian reference population (R = 0.86) for all of chromosome 6. In contrast allelic heterozygosity was more weakly correlated between PIC and both East Asian (R = 0.37) and African‐American (R = 0.32) reference populations. Taken together these observations suggest a shared genetic liability among Portuguese populations for bipolar disorder on chromosome 6q, and that the PIC population is likely representative of Caucasians in general. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐gain observer for chaotic synchronization and secure communication
Authors: Yu Wen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn information signal can be embedded in a transmitter which produces a chaotic signal, it is inviable to the observer who has no knowledge about the transmitter, but it can be recovered if the receiver is a replica of the chaotic transmitter. In this paper, a new aspect of the chaotic communication is introduced. A high‐gain observer at the receiver's end replaces the conventional chaotic system. A single parameter is adjusted so that the receiver and transmitter can be synchronized. Three chaotic systems, Duffing equation, Van der Pol oscillator and Chua's circuit, are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the chaotic communication. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interfacing Boron Doped Diamond and Biology: An Insight on Its Use for Bioanalytical Applications
Authors: Fortin Elodie , Chane‐Tune Jérôme , Delabouglise Didier , Bouvier Pierre , Livache Thierry , Mailley Pascal , Marcus Bernadette , Mermoux Michel , Petit Jean‐Pierre , Szunerits Sabine , Vieil Eric 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBoron doped diamond (BDD) films are promising materials for electroanalysis and bioelectroanalysis. This contribution gives a short review on BDD functionalization by chemical and biochemical entities and on the applications of BDD electrodes to electroanalysis of chemical compounds of biological interest. This review is illustrated by the developments on BDD interfaces in both these areas carried out in our group. BDD electrodes were prepared by means of microwave plasma‐assisted CVD onto silicon substrate giving rise to H‐terminated BDD films. Anodic polarization of BDD electrodes in aqueous media generates hydrophilic oxidized surfaces and extended electrochemical window in aqueous media. We took advantage of this enlarged electrochemical window together with the hydroxylated surface for the functionalization of BDD electrode surfaces with biomolecules and for bioelectroanalysis. We have designed a novel route of BDD functionalization using OH terminations of the anodized surface. The modification of the BDD surface with biotin groups will be presented here as biologically active model. Furthermore, as the anodic potential window of BDD increases upon electrochemical activation, 2′‐deoxyguanosine (1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and 2′‐deoxyadenosine (1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) could be detected electrochemically with an acceptable signal to noise ratio. The electrochemical signature of each oxidizable base was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). These experiments pointed towards adsorption of the oxidized products, which were investigated macroscopically by DPV and at the microscopic level by SECM (scanning electrochemical microscopy).
Nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ionizing radiation exposure among U.S. radiologic technologists
Authors: Yoshinaga Shinji , Hauptmann Michael , Sigurdson Alice J. , Doody Michele Morin , Freedman D. Michal , Alexander Bruce H. , Linet Martha S. , Ron Elaine , Mabuchi Kiyohiko 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIonizing radiation (IR) is an established cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer, but there is uncertainty about the risk associated with chronic occupational exposure to IR and how it is influenced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. We studied 1,355 incident cases with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 270 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin in a cohort of 65,304 U.S. white radiologic technologists who responded to the baseline questionnaire survey in 1983–1989 and the follow‐up survey in 1994–1998. Cox's proportional‐hazards model was used to estimate relative risks of BCC and SCC associated with surrogate measures of occupational exposure to IR and residential UVR exposure during childhood and adulthood, adjusted for potential confounders including pigmentation characteristics. Relative risks of BCC, but not of SCC, were elevated among technologists who first worked during the 1950s (RR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.12–1.80), 1940s (RR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.44–2.88) and before 1940 (RR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.14–4.09), when IR exposures were high, compared to those who first worked after 1960 (p for trend < 0.01). The effect of year first worked on BCC risk was not modified by UVR exposure, but was significantly stronger among individuals with lighter compared to darker eye and hair color (p = 0.013 and 0.027, respectively). This study provides some evidence that chronic occupational exposure to IR at low to moderate levels can increase the risk of BCC, and that this risk may be modified by pigmentation characteristics. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preclinical evaluation of superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) in the intravesical immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer
Authors: Perabo Frank G.E. , Willert Patricia L. , Wirger Andreas , Schmidt Doris H. , Wardelmann Eva , Sitzia Mario , von Ruecker Alexander , Mueller Stefan C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSuperantigens are potent activators of T lymphocytes; therefore, their characteristics can be exploited in diseases where immunomodulation is known to be effective. In this study, we evaluated a new approach for the intravesical therapy of superficial bladder cancer. We investigated in coculture experiments if staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)–activated PBMCs are able to induce apoptosis in human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells. Additionally, we tested the toxicity and efficacy of SEB dissolved in NaCl 0.9% administered intravesically once weekly for 6 weeks in a rat bladder cancer model. To validate the coculture in vitro findings, we evaluated tumor stage, grade, apoptotic cells in the urothelium and stroma of the bladder and infiltration of the bladder wall by lymphocytes, macrophages and mononuclear cells. Coculture experiments revealed that SEB‐activated PBMCs are able to kill TCC cells by inducing apoptosis. The intravesical toxicity study with a maximum dose of 100 μg/ml SEB demonstrated no side effects. In the intravesically SEB‐treated animals (10 μg/ml), only 3 tumors remained vs. 15 persisting tumors in the control group. The remaining tumors of the therapy group showed a significant amount of apoptosis and granulocytes, mainly in the urothelium, whereas no relevant apoptosis or infiltration of the bladder with lymphocytes or macrophages was found in the control group. These preclinical findings suggest that SEB might be an interesting candidate for further clinical evaluation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecules affecting myelin stability: A novel hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mastronardi Fabrizio G. , Moscarello Mario A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this Mini‐Review we present a new hypothesis in support of the neurodegenerative theory as a mechanism for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathogenesis of MS results from changes in two distinct CNS compartments. These are the “myelin” and “nonmyelin” compartments. The myelin compartment is where primary demyelination, amidst attempts at remyelination, is superseded in the CNS by ongoing disease. Recent evidence obtained via magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy techniques supports the view that the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in the MS brain is altered. Several biochemical changes in NAWM have been determined. These include the cationicity of myelin basic protein (MBP) as a result of the action of peptidyl argininedeiminase (PAD) activity converting arginyl residues to citrulline. The accompanying loss of positive charge makes myelin susceptible to vesiculation and MBP more susceptible to proteolytic activity. An increase of MBP autocatalysis in the MS brain might also contribute to the generation of immunodominant epitopes. Accompanying the destruction of myelin in the myelin compartment is the activation of astrocytes and microglia. These contribute to the inflammatory response and T‐cell activation leading to autoimmunity. The complex environment that exists in the demyelinating brain also affects the “nonmyelin” compartment. The inappropriate up‐regulation of molecules, including those of the Jagged‐1–Notch‐1 signal transduction pathway, affects oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation. Other effectors of oligodendrocyte maturation include stathmin, a microtubule‐destabilizing protein, which prevents healing in the demyelinating brain. The hypothesis we present suggests a therapeutic strategy that should 1) target the effectors within the myelin compartment and 2) enable resident OPC maturation in the nonmyelin compartment, allowing for effective repair of myelin loss. The net effect of this new therapeutic strategy is the modification of the disease environment and the stimulation of healing and repair. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of levetiracetam to treat tics in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Awaad Yasser , Michon Anne Marie , Minarik Sarah 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSome drugs currently used to treat tics in pediatric patients have drawbacks, including the risk of side effects. New therapeutic options with better safety profiles are needed. Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug with atypical mechanisms of action that might be beneficial for this indication. We evaluated the effects of levetiracetam on motor and vocal tics, behavior, and school performance in children and adolescents with tics and Tourette syndrome (TS). Sixty patients, ≤18 years of age, with tics and TS were enrolled in this prospective, open‐label study. The initial starting dose of levetiracetam was 250 mg/day. The dosage was titrated over 3 weeks to 1,000 to 2,000 mg/day. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, and Revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale. Behavior and school performance were also recorded. All 60 patients showed improvements based on all of the scales used, and 43 patients improved with regard to behavior and school performance. Levetiracetam was generally well tolerated. Three patients discontinued treatment because of exaggeration of preexisting behavioral problems. Levetiracetam may be useful in treating tics in children and adolescents. Given its established safety profile, levetiracetam is a candidate for evaluation in a well‐controlled trial. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Relation between psychological amount in polyhedron recognition and 3D object image entropy
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroyo , Sato Yukio 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the authors examine the relationship between a psychological information amount quantified by humans and the 3D object image entropy representing a physical information amount in relation to the ease of perceiving the shape of a 3D object that varies according to the view direction. They propose a method of using the pair comparison method and Thurstone's law of comparative judgment to construct a psychological information amount representing the psychological amount for which the shape of a 3D object is felt to be easy to perceive. The 3D object image entropy, which is a one‐dimensional scale that is defined based on the number of visible surfaces in the 3D object image and the proportions of their surface areas, represents the amount of information that reflects the qualitative characteristic called aspect that the 3D object has and the quantitative characteristic called the proportion of the surface area. The authors limit the target objects to polyhedrons and measure the psychological information amount and 3D object image entropy for various types of shapes to examine the relationship between these kinds of information. Although some shapes were exceptions, the results showed a monotonically increasing relationship between the psychological information amount and the 3D object image entropy for many types of 3D objects. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(3): 75–84, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10526