bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between MScanFit Motor Unit Number Estimation and Clinical Function and Response to Immunoglobulin Therapy in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Hansen Peter N. , Mohammed Abdullahi A. , Markvardsen Lars K. , Andersen Henning , Tankisi Hatice , Sindrup Søren H. , Krøigård Thomas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsLoss of motor units in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is difficult to assess by conventional nerve conduction due to collateral innervation. We aimed to assess the association between a motor unit number estimate (MUNE) derived from the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan using MScanFit and hand function and the clinical response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).MethodsForty‐nine CIDP patients and 52 control subjects were included. CMAP scan recordings were obtained from the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle. The primary outcome was the correlation between MUNE and the duration of the nine‐hole‐peg test (9‐HPT) at baseline and the change in the duration of the 9‐HPT following treatment with IVIG. Secondary outcomes were grip strength, 10‐m‐walk test, six‐spot‐step test, medical research council sum score, inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment sensory sum score, overall neuropathy limitations scale, and the Rasch‐built overall disability scale (R‐ODS).ResultsMScanFit analysis suggested both loss of motor units (reduced MUNE (p = 0.022) and N50 (p < 0.0001)) and collateral reinnervation (increased median amplitude (p < 0.0001) and size of the largest unit (p < 0.0001)) in CIDP patients compared to controls. In CIDP patients, there was a statistically significant correlation between MUNE and the duration of the 9‐HPT (Spearman's r = −0.342; p = 0.016). Further, patients with a low MUNE had the largest reduction in the duration of the 9‐HPT following IVIG treatment (r = −0.577; p = 0.043). MUNE also correlated significantly with R‐ODS (r = −0.722; p = 0.007).InterpretationMScanFit MUNE could be a useful method for assessing motor axonal loss in CIDP, which correlates with the clinical function and treatment response.
Hip Dysplasia in Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease: Insights From a Large Cohort of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Tan Khian Aun , Ryan Monique M. , Kennedy Rachel A. , Carroll Kate , de Valle Katy , Kollias Carrie M. , Yiu Eppie M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDespite the known association of hip dysplasia and Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT), evidence is limited regarding its exact prevalence. Available studies pre‐date genetic confirmation of CMT subtypes and current hip reconstruction surgical options. This study examined the prevalence of hip dysplasia in CMT in a tertiary neuromuscular center.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of children with CMT who had at least one pelvic radiograph between 2000 and 2020. Reimer's migration percentage, acetabular index and lateral center edge angle were used to identify hip dysplasia.ResultsA total of 178 children were included with a median age of 6.4 (IQR 3.4–11.3) years at CMT diagnosis. First pelvic radiographs were performed at a median age of 8.0 (IQR 4.6–12.2) years and 64 (35.8%) had hip dysplasia, of which 20 normalized over time. Repeat radiographs were done in 96/178 children (53.9%), and six children with originally normal radiographs developed later radiographic hip dysplasia. At the time of last follow up, 50/178 children (28.1%) had hip dysplasia and 17/178 children (9.6%) required surgical intervention. The frequency of hip dysplasia in specific CMT subtypes was: 28/100 in CMT1A, 5/7 in Dejerine‐Sottas disease, 3/10 in CMT2A, and 4/4 in TRPV4‐related CMT.InterpretationThe prevalence of hip dysplasia in children with CMT in this cohort was estimated to be between 9.6% and 28.1%. Serial imaging is important to monitor outcomes into adulthood. Specific CMT subtypes were more likely to be associated with hip dysplasia.
A fast start: Evidence of rapid growth in Trialestes romeri, an early Crocodylomorpha from the Upper Triassic continental beds of Argentina based on osteohistological analyses
Authors: Ponce Denis A. , Cerda Ignacio A. , Desojo Julia B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe palaeobiology aspects of early Crocodylomorpha during their origin in the Triassic are poorly known, despite occupying an important palaeoecological role in continental environments. In this study, we report the microstructural features of appendicular bones of two specimens of Trialestes romeri, a non‐Crocodyliformes Crocodylomorpha from the Upper Triassic from the NW of Argentina. Our goals are to infer aspects of life history (i.e. age estimation and maturity events), inter‐elemental variation and the growth dynamics within a phylogenetic framework. The samples include the humerus and the ulna of the holotype (PVL 2561) and the humerus and the femur of a referred specimen (PVL 3889). All elements are mostly composed by the fibrolamellar complex with a variable distribution of parallel‐fibred bone in their cortex. Furthermore, they possess a uniform and homogeneous vascularisation, formed mainly by a laminar pattern. The humerus of the PVL 2561 records two lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and no cyclical growth marks were registered in the ulna. Meanwhile, the humerus and the femur of PVL 3889 exhibit a single LAG. Hence, a slight disparate inter‐elemental variation is reported in both individuals. The absence of an external fundamental system (EFS) and a homogenous distribution of the bone matrix and vascularisation suggest that both specimens did not attain sexual and somatic maturity. Overall, the histological features of T. romeri indicate a rapid growth rate just like other early crocodylomorphs (Terrestrisuchus, Saltoposuchus), whereas others possess a rather moderate (Crocodylomorpha indet. BP/1/8484 specimen) or slower (Hesperosuchus) growth rate. These findings reveal that rapid growth rates were widely present among early crocodylomorphs and their early occurrence in the evolutionary history of Crocodylomorpha might suggest that it is the plesiomorphic condition.
Interventions to reduce energy usage in an adult intensive care unit: A study protocol
Authors: Ireland Stephanie Louise , Tom Langford , Dean Shelley , Sean Gibson , Louise Clark , Chris Rivers 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEnergy usage is one of the largest contributors to health care carbon emissions. By taking a strategic, targeted approach in one of the most energy‐intensive units of a hospital, the potential for energy savings is real and significant.AimTo develop a protocol for the implementation of interventions to reduce the environmental impact of carbon emissions generated by an adult intensive care unit (AICU) in a London‐based hospital setting.Study DesignIn this protocol, three interventions are under exploration relating to the lighting, temperature control and ventilation systems within the AICU. The Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycle will be used to assess the success of the implementation and make necessary refinements. This paper represents the ‘Plan’ stage of the PDSA cycle. After implementation, outcomes will be reviewed with the goal of scaling successful interventions within our NHS Trust and disseminating the findings to promote adoption within other Trusts.ConclusionsThe interventions under exploration in this ongoing study were selected as they can easily be implemented and scaled across ICUs nationally with potential environmental and cost‐saving benefits. There are many barriers that exist and will need to be addressed when implementing the protocol. Presenting a valuable and practical path to making our goal of net zero commitments achievable is necessary.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe proposal outlines a nurse‐led project to reduce carbon emissions, serving as an example for implementing sustainable change within NHS practice, and contributing to the growing body of evidence supporting such initiatives.
How do people with a history of sexual abuse experience talking therapies for sexual trauma? A systematic review of qualitative findings
Authors: Dawood Runa , Vosper Jane , Gibson Stuart , Irons Chris 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review investigated the qualitative experiences of sexual abuse survivors in talking therapy treatments with respect to the helpful and hindering aspects of therapy.MethodsSearches were conducted on five databases; PubMed, Web of Science, PyscInfo, PsycArticles and PsycExtra and through searching reference lists. Papers were included where they provided qualitative primary data of client experiences of therapy, did not involve specialist clinical populations and were written in English. Papers were included irrespective of whether study participants had experienced sexual abuse in childhood, adulthood or both. Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist. Meta‐study was used to analyse the results.ResultsFour themes were generated: (1) helpful therapy relies on choice, autonomy, and the freedom to choose when to speak and what to speak on, (2) engagement relies on considerations of the complexity of recovery from sexual abuse, (3) feeling cared for and connected with the therapist is important and (4) a sensitive and thoughtful end of therapy can bring positive holistic emotional and lifestyle changes.ConclusionsThis study provides clinical insights into the helpful aspects of therapy, facilitating a safe therapeutic engagement, and managing an effective and sensitive transition into recovery. These themes are considered in relation to understanding supportive factors in therapy.
A spleen is required for antibody mediated immune enhancement but not for RBC clearance or antigen‐modulation in mice
Authors: Hay Ariel M. , Jash Arijita 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIgG against alloantigens on transfused RBC can lead to antibody‐mediated immune enhancement (AMIE). AMIE has properties not found in other forms of alloimmunization, including rapid clearance of RBCs, a requirement for Fc‐gamma receptors on dendritic cells, and no dependence on IFNAR. A spleen is required for alloimmunization to transfused RBCs under normal conditions but its role in AMIE has not been assessed.Study Design and MethodsMice with surgical splenectomy or sham surgery were infused with monoclonal IgG against model antigens (HOD or KEL) followed by a transfusion of respective transgenic RBCs. Antibody binding to transfused RBCs, antigen‐modulation, and RBC clearance were assessed by flow cytometry. IgM and IgG to the HOD and KEL alloantigens were quantified by flow cytometry‐based crossmatch.ResultsIgG to either HOD or KEL caused brisk clearance of RBCs with almost complete antigen modulation at 24 h and a strong enhancement of both IgM and IgG in sham‐operated animals. In splenectomized animals, AMIE was eliminated; antigen‐modulation occurred but with decreased kinetics and magnitude; and RBC clearance was the same as in sham animals.ConclusionsThe current study extends the role of spleen as a general requirement for all known pathways of RBC alloimmunization studied thus far. However, the dissociation of clearance and antigen‐modulation from AMIE shown in the current study raises the possibility that antigen‐modulation and AMIE are correlated due to a confounding common cause (i.e., IgG binding RBCs).
Heart‐derived factors and organ cross‐talk in settings of health and disease: new knowledge and clinical opportunities for multimorbidity
Authors: Sen Melodi G. , Chooi Roger , McMullen Julie R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCardiovascular disease affects millions of people worldwide and often presents with other conditions including metabolic, renal and neurological disorders. A variety of secreted factors from multiple organs/tissues (proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) have been implicated in facilitating organ cross‐talk that may contribute to the development of multimorbidity. Secreted proteins have received the most attention, with the greatest body of research related to factors released from adipose tissue (adipokines), followed by skeletal muscle (myokines). To date, there have been fewer studies on proteins released from the heart (cardiokines) implicated with organ cross‐talk. Early evidence for the secretion of cardiac‐specific factors facilitating organ cross‐talk came in the form of natriuretic peptides which are secreted via the classical endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi pathway. More recently, studies in cardiomyocyte‐specific genetic mouse models have revealed cardiac‐initiated organ cross‐talk. Cardiomyocyte‐specific modulation of microRNAs (miR‐208a and miR‐23‐27‐24 cluster) and proteins such as the mediator complex subunit 13 (MED13), G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), mutant α‐myosin heavy‐chain (αMHC), ubiquitin‐like modifier‐activating enzyme (ATG7), oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have resulted in metabolic and renal phenotypes. These studies have implicated a variety of factors which can be secreted via the classical pathway or via non‐classical mechanisms including the release of extracellular vesicles. Cross‐talk between the heart and the brain has also been described (e.g. via miR‐1 and an emerging concept, interoception: detection of internal neural signals). Here we summarize these studies taking into consideration that factors may be secreted in both settings of health and in disease.
image
Comparison of the Filamentous Fungi Library v4.0 MALDI Biotyper Platform vs MSI-2 performance for identifying filamentous fungi from liquid cultures
Authors: Gonzalez-Lara María F. , Román-Montes Carla M. , Díaz-Lomelí Paulette , Hernández-Ceballos Winston , Morales-Camilo Lizeth , Cervantes-Sánchez Axel , Cordero-Rangel Andrea , Tejeda-Olán Jazmín , Bonifaz-Trujillo Alexandro , Ponce-de-León Alfredo , Martínez-Gamboa Areli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Correct, rapid, and reliable filamentous fungi identification is crucial for timely diagnosis and therapy. We compared the performance of the FFLv4.0 MALDI Biotyper and MSI-2 to identify filamentous fungi from clinical isolates. We analyzed 307 clinical isolates of
Aspergillus
spp.
, Fusarium
spp.
,
and
Mucorales
and compared them to sequencing as the reference standard. The overall identification rates to genus (
Mucorales
), section (
Aspergillus
), and species complex (
Fusarium
) level were 96% (296/307) for FFLv4.0 and 78.5% (241/307) for MSI-2. By each genus, correct species identification was achieved by FFLv4.0 and MSI-2 as follows: 72.4% (165/228) and 55.3% (126/228) for
Aspergillus
species, 17.6% (6/34) and 38.2% (13/34) for
Fusarium
species, and 88.9% (40/45) and 55.5% (25/45) for the
Mucorales
. The rates of non-identification by FFLv4.0 and MSI-2, respectively, were 4% (9/228) and 18% (41/228) for
Aspergillus
spp., 0% and 17.6% (6/34) for
Fusarium
spp. and 4.4% (2/45) and 42.2% (19/45%) for the
Mucorales
. Misidentification rates by FFLv4.0 and MSI-2, respectively, were 16.2% (37/228) and 6.1% (14/228) for
Aspergillus
species, 67.6% (23/34) and 14.7% (5/34) for
Fusarium
spp., and 0% and 2.2% (1/45) for the
Mucorales
. The FFLv4.0 MALDI Biotyper outperformed MSI-2 in identifying filamentous fungi from liquid culture spectra.
Simulating the response of a HPGe-based spectrometer for in situ, long-term operation near the seabed
Authors: Siltzovalis Georgios , Lagaki Varvara , Madesis Ioannis , Mertzimekis Theo J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel underwater

$$\gamma$$

γ

-spectrometer, equipped with a HPGe crystal and utilizing electromechanical cooling, is introduced, and results from detailed Monte Carlo simulations are presented. The spectrometer, which is currently in the development phase, will enable in situ, long-term, high-resolution radioactivity measurements near the seabed for the first time. Valuable experimental data collected will be exploited for interdisciplinary purposes, including radiation monitoring and underwater geological phenomena delineation. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the response of the spectrometer in the aquatic environment. More specifically, the detection efficiency, the range of spectroscopy and the sensitivity of the proposed method were investigated. Acquired results are expected to be highly influential on the management for the spectrometer’s power supply and field remoteness, parameters essential for the final objective of the overall study. Additionally, the optimization of the proposed setup, recognizing challenges and limitations in its deployment in the harsh marine environment, is a key towards the successful operation of the instrument for

$$\gamma$$

γ

-spectroscopy studies near the seabed.
Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Patients With Myocardial Injury due to Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Xu Panpan , Guan Zhihui , Song Feizhen , Luo Xinhua , Zhang Xijiang , Zhang Chuming , Lin Ronghai , Zheng Cheng 
Published: January 2025

Background: Very few studies have characterized patients with myocardial injury due to Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (KP‐BSI). Our study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of patients with myocardial injury due to KP‐BSI.Methods: A double‐center retrospective cohort study of patients with KP‐BSI was conducted from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. The clinical data was collected by reviewing electronic medical records. Classification of patients with KP‐BSI into myocardial injury and nonmyocardial injury groups based on the levels of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) after 48 h onset of KP‐BSI.Results: Patients with myocardial injury due to KP‐BSI were generally younger than those without such injuries, with the former presenting a median age of 60 versus 67 in the latter (p < 0.001). Conditions like chronic cardiac insufficiency and chronic pulmonary disease were more prevalent in the myocardial injury cohort (10.0% and 7.1%, respectively) compared to those without myocardial injury (4.7% and 2.6%, respectively; p values 0.002 and 0.001). However, the nonmyocardial injury group had a higher incidence of solid tumors (15.3% vs. 10.4%, p = 0.038). Severity assessments like the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) all registered higher for the myocardial injury group (all p < 0.001). Similarly, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, use of mechanical ventilation, and central venous catheter (CVC) placement were notably more common in this group (all p < 0.001). Regarding infection sources, the myocardial injury group had a higher incidence of pneumonia as the cause for KP‐BSI (29.8% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.001), whereas liver and biliary tract infections were less frequent compared to their counterparts. Mortality rates at 7, 14, and 28 days, along with in‐hospital mortality, were significantly higher for those with myocardial injury (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified age > 67 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59–3.38], SOFA score > 6 (aOR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.10–4.39), mechanical ventilation (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.15–2.39), and CVC in place (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.96–2.02) as independent prognostic factors for myocardial injury in KP‐BSI.Conclusions: Older age (> 67 years), higher SOFA score (> 6), mechanical ventilation, and CVC in place were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of myocardial injury. Clinical physicians should be alert to the potential for myocardial injury in elderly critically ill patients, especially those who are on mechanical ventilation and have indwelling CVC, in the event of KP‐BSI.
Long-Term Blood Pressure Trends After a Remote Hypertension Intervention: A Secondary Analysis of the Digital Care Transformation: Remotely Delivered Hypertension Management Program
Authors: Hassan Shahzad , Blood Alexander J. , Zelle David , Kumar Sanjay , Wagholikar Kavishwar , Gabovitch Daniel , Cannon Christopher P. , Fisher Naomi , Scirica Benjamin M. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, yet traditional care often results in suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control at the population level. We implemented a remote hypertension management program that monitored home BP and titrated medications per algorithm. This study assessed the program’s long-term effects by examining participants’ office BP up to 42 months post-enrollment.

METHODS:
Participants of the remote hypertension program were categorized into 4 groups: (1) enrolled-maintenance (achieved goal home BP of ≤130/80 mm Hg), (2) enrolled–early exit (left before achieving goal BP), (3) education-only (lifestyle modifications and medications compliance), and (4) white coat hypertension group (high office BP but normal home BP). Office BP readings of participants were collected up to 42 months post-enrollment. A linear mixed-effects regression model estimated mean BP levels and studied factors associated with above-goal systolic BP in the maintenance group.

RESULTS:

Office BP readings from 3601 participants (mean age, 61±11 years; 57% female; 60% white; 52% atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) were extracted from electronic health records and analyzed. All groups sustained office BP below their qualifying values (
P
<0.001) over 42 months. In the maintenance group, 89.7% of participants maintained systolic BP at goal, compared with 63.5% in the early exit group, 69.4% in the education-only group, and 90.7% in the white coat hypertension group. Age >50 years was associated with above-goal systolic BP in the maintenance group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Participants who achieved BP control through the remote hypertension program maintained goal systolic BP in 90% of cases up to 42 months post-enrollment. These findings highlight the long-term benefits of remote, intensive management programs for effective hypertension control.
Spurious correlations in surface-based functional brain imaging
Authors: Jeganathan Jayson , Koussis Nikitas C. , Paton Bryan , Phogat Richa , Pang James , Mansour L Sina , Zalesky Andrew , Breakspear Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of functional MRI (fMRI) data is increasingly performed after mapping from volumetric voxels to surface vertices. Processing pipelines commonly used to achieve this mapping produce meshes with uneven vertex spacing, with closer neighbours in sulci compared to gyri. Consequently, correlations between the fMRI time series of neighbouring sulcal vertices are stronger than expected. However, the causes, extent, and impacts of this “gyral bias” are not completely understood or widely appreciated. We explain the origins of this bias, and using in-silico models of fMRI data, illustrate how it leads to spurious results and leakage of anatomical cortical folding information into fMRI time series. We show that many common analyses can be affected by this bias, including test-retest reliability, fingerprinting, functional parcellations, and regional homogeneity. The recently developed onavg template partly reduces the bias but has relatively high residual variability in vertex spacing when projected to participant-specific surfaces. Finally, we outline recommendations to avoid or remedy the gyral bias.