bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lycopene Improves Bone Quality in SAMP6 Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Cellular Senescence, and the SASP
Authors: Wang Shen , Heng Ke , Song Xingchen , Zhai Juan , Zhang Huanyu , Geng Qinghe 
Published: October 2023

ScopeCellular senescence (CS) is closely related to tissue ageing including bone ageing. CS and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have emerged as critical pathogenesis elements of senile osteoporosis. This study aims to investigate the effect of lycopene on senile osteoporosis.Methods and resultsThe senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6) strain of mice is used as the senile osteoporosis model. Daily ingestion of lycopene for 8 weeks preserves the bone mass, density, strength, and microarchitecture in the SAMP6 mice. Moreover, these alterations are associated with a decrease in oxidative stress in the senile osteoporosis model. In addition, there is a reduction in osteoblast and osteocyte senescence and the SASP in the bone tissues of the SAMP6 mice. Lycopene improves bone health likely due to its antioxidant properties that may be linked with the regulation of CS and SASP in the SAMP6 mice.ConclusionThese results suggest that lycopene may be beneficial for the management of senile osteoporosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, CS, and the SASP.
Nutrition determinants of acute skeletal muscle loss in critically ill patients: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kangalgil Melda , Küçük Ahmet Oğuzhan , Ulusoy Hülya , Özçelik Ayşe Özfer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle loss is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients and risk factors of acute skeletal muscle loss are not well described. This study aims to determine the factors associated with acute skeletal muscle loss in critically ill patients.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study was conducted with patients who were expected to stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for at least a week. Rectus femoris cross‐sectional area (RFCSA) measurements were performed within 48 h of ICU admission and on study day 7. The percentage change in RFCSA and variables associated with this change were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsOver a 12‐month period, 518 patients were assessed for eligibility and 44 critically ill patients with a mean age of 59.3 ± 10.9 years were enrolled; 52.3% of them were female. There were significant reductions in RFCSA (16.8 ± 16.5%; P < 0.001). The mean amounts of protein and energy consumed compared with those prescribed were 67.0 ± 28.8% and 71.5 ± 38.3%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that frailty was independently associated with acute skeletal muscle loss after adjusting for confounding factors in our cohort of patients.ConclusionFrailty status before ICU admission is associated with acute skeletal muscle loss and may be important for identifying critically ill patients at high risk of muscle wasting.
Influence of surface‐treatment of bamboo fiber on the physico‐mechanical properties of bamboo fiber composites with virgin and recycled high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Mohanta Santoshi , Mahalik Priyanka , Hota Gayatri Prasad , Sahoo Bipin Bihari , Pradhan Subhransu Sekhar , Mohanty Shyama Prasad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural fiber‐reinforced composites are showing promising results compared to synthetic fiber‐reinforced composites. Therefore, the present work highlights the utilization of chemically treated bamboo‐fiber (BF) for the preparation of bamboo‐fiber high‐density polyethylene composites (BF/HDPE). Both virgin HDPE and recycled HDPE (r‐HDPE) are considered for the preparation of bamboo fiber (BF) composite and their physico‐mechanical properties are evaluated. On alkali and stearic acid treatment, more fibrillation and surface roughness are observed in the BF surface which created more contacting surfaces to improve the interfacial interaction between the BF and HDPE & r‐HDPE matrix. The tensile strength of stearic acid‐treated BF/HDPE is increased by 9.26% and stearic acid‐treated BF‐ rHDPE shows an increment of 16.5%. Similar observations are made for impact strength which confirms the improved dispersion of BF in both matrices. The improved interfacial bonding between BFs and HDPE matrix and good dispersion between fibers and matrix can further be confirmed through the SEM images of composite fractured surfaces and FTIR analysis.Highlights
Surface of BF has been modified by NaOH and stearic acid treatment.
Modified fibers are used as reinforcement in virgin and r‐HDPE composites.
Stearic acid treatment enhances the tensile strength of composites.
Surface modification has significant impact on r‐HDPE composites.
Analyzing the effect of fiber path curvature on the fracture behavior of braided composite cylinders; experimental study
Authors: Mojarrad Maryam Zeynivand , Dabiryan Hadi , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar , Rezadoust Amir Masoud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDifferent failure modes occur in textile‐reinforced composite under applied loads. Fracture mechanism of braided composites are closely related to the geometry of braids. In the present study, fracture mechanism of glass/epoxy braided composite cylinders is investigated under tensile loads. For this purpose, glass/epoxy braided composites were fabricated using braids with braiding angles of 30°, 45°, and 57° to find the role of fiber path on the fracture mechanism. To determine the fiber path, helixes on the cylinders with aforementioned angles was considered and analyzed. New fixtures (jaws) were designed and manufactured for tensile testing of cylindrical composites. Tensile tests were carried out on the prepared samples to evaluate the failure modes of composites. The SEM micrographs of samples are provided after tensile test. Various failure modes were observed regarding the angle of the braid. Fiber breakage, matrix fracture, and debonding are the dominant modes that occur in braided composites proportional to the angle of braids. Fiber breakage is the dominant mode in the 30° angle braid reinforced composite, while the dominant failure mode in the 57° angle braid reinforced composite is matrix fracture. In composites with a braid angle of 45°, a combination of fracture modes occurred. In addition, energy absorption as well as specific energy absorption (SEA) of braided composite cylinders were also investigated and obtained from load–displacement curves. The results showed that the reinforced composite with a braid angle of 30° absorbs the lowest amount of energy (21.5 J) and also the lowest amount of specific energy (5375 J/kg). The maximum absorbed energy (67.7 J) and the maximum SEA (9675 J/kg) were observed in the reinforced composite with a braid angle of 45°.Highlights
Fiber breakage is the dominant mode at the 30° angle braid reinforced composite.
The dominant failure mode at the 57° angle braid reinforced composite is matrix fracture.
In composites with the braid angle of 45°, a combination of fracture modes occurred.
The composite reinforced with a braid angle of 30° absorbs the lowest amount of energy (21.5 J) and also the lowest amount of specific energy (5375 J/kg).
The maximum absorbed energy (67.7 J) and the maximum SEA (9675 J/kg) were observed in the reinforced composite with a braid angle of 45°.
Living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers using benzyltrimethylsilane‐metal alkoxide initiator systems
Authors: Hiraki Yujiro , Terasaki Masaya , Adachi Kaoru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWell controlled living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers was achieved by using the initiator system composed of desilylation of benzyltrimethylsilane (BnTMS) by potassium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) in tetrahydrofuran and trapping the resulting benzyl anion with α‐methylstyrene or 1,1‐diphenylethylene in the initiator system in order to control the desilylation and polymerization reaction. This method led to high initiation efficiency and strict control of molecular weights of the obtained polymers. Furthermore, the initiator system could be applied to the synthesis of a block copolymer of PMMA‐b‐PtBMA. These results showed that living nature of the polymer obtained using BnTMS/t‐BuOK initiator system in the presence of the appropriate additives.
Trajectories of emotional functioning and experienced care of relatives in the last year of life of patients with advanced cancer: A longitudinal analysis of the eQuiPe study
Authors: Ham Laurien , Fransen Heidi P. , Raijmakers Natasja J. H. , van den Beuken‐van Everdingen Marieke H. J. , van den Borne Ben , Creemers Geert Jan , de Graeff Alexander , Hendriks Mathijs P. , de Jong Wouter K. , van Laarhoven Hanneke , van Leeuwen Lobke , van der Padt ‐ Pruijsten Annemieke , Smilde Tineke J. , Stellingwerf Margriet , van Zuylen Lia , van de Poll ‐ Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced cancer has a major impact on both patients and their relatives. To allow for personalized support, it is important to recognize which relatives will experience a decline in emotional functioning during the patient's last year of life, when this decline will occur, and what factors are associated with it. This study aimed to examine the trajectory of emotional functioning of relatives during that time and the characteristics associated with changes in this trajectory.MethodsA prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study in patients with advanced cancer and their relatives was conducted (eQuiPe). We analyzed relatives' changes in emotional functioning in the patient's last year using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and assessed associations with sociodemographic and care characteristics using multivariable mixed‐effects analysis.Results409 relatives completed ≥1 questionnaires during the patient's last year of life. Mean age was 64 years, 61% were female and 75% were the patient's partner. During this year, mean emotional functioning declined significantly over time from 73.9 to 64.6 (p = 0.023, effect size = 0.43). The type of relationship between relatives and patients (p = 0.002), patient’ sleep problems (p = 0.033), and continuity of care (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with changes in emotional functioning.ConclusionsRelatives' emotional functioning declined during the patient's last year of life. Support for them, especially partners and relatives of patients with sleep problems, is important. Relatives who experienced more continuity of care had a less steep decline in emotional functioning.
Hydrophobicity‐enhanced ferritin nanoparticles for efficient encapsulation and targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs to tumor cells
Authors: Incocciati Alessio , Kubeš Jan , Piacentini Roberta , Cappelletti Chiara , Botta Sofia , Bertuccini Lucia , Šimůnek Tomáš , Boffi Alberto , Macone Alberto , Bonamore Alessandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFerritin, a naturally occurring iron storage protein, has gained significant attention as a drug delivery platform due to its inherent biocompatibility and capacity to encapsulate therapeutic agents. In this study, we successfully genetically engineered human H ferritin by incorporating 4 or 6 tryptophan residues per subunit, strategically oriented towards the inner cavity of the nanoparticle. This modification aimed to enhance the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs into the ferritin cage. Comprehensive characterization of the mutants revealed that only the variant carrying four tryptophan substitutions per subunit retained the ability to disassemble and reassemble properly. As a proof of concept, we evaluated the loading capacity of this mutant with ellipticine, a natural hydrophobic indole alkaloid with multimodal anticancer activity. Our data demonstrated that this specific mutant exhibited significantly higher efficiency in loading ellipticine compared to human H ferritin. Furthermore, to evaluate the versatility of this hydrophobicity‐enhanced ferritin nanoparticle as a drug carrier, we conducted a comparative study by also encapsulating doxorubicin, a commonly used anticancer drug. Subsequently, we tested both ellipticine and doxorubicin‐loaded nanoparticles on a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, demonstrating efficient uptake by these cells and resulting in the expected cytotoxic effect.
Linguistic capital and social inequalities: Experiences of international Chinese students in Germany
Authors: Bilecen Başak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the role of linguistic capital in production and reproduction of social inequalities drawing on 20 in‐depth qualitative interviews with Chinese international students in a German university. The paper highlights that while studying abroad can provide advantages when it comes to learning a new foreign language, it can also bring some disadvantages for those who are educated in a foreign language. It underscores that being proficient in a foreign language is not solely about the ability to communicate, but also about assigning a social value to it for some speakers such as international students. Moreover, the contexts of countries of origin and education are essential. The findings indicate that being educated in a foreign language can lead to various difficulties for international students, such as feeling excluded from social circles, facing academic challenges, and encountering obstacles when trying to find a job while studying. However, despite these challenges, education in a foreign language and particularly in Germany is perceived as advantageous because it helps students to accumulate linguistic and cultural capital, which they believe will benefit them in the labour market upon their graduation. Therefore, this paper stresses the importance of not only the advantages of linguistic capital, but also the ways in which it can simultaneously function as both an advantage and a disadvantage, thereby perpetuating inequalities within and across borders.
On sombor indices of tetraphenylethylene, terpyridine rosettes and QSPR analysis on fluorescence properties of several aromatic hetero‐cyclic species
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Ahmad Shahbaz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAromatic heterocyclic compounds have received a lot of interest due to their various important medicinal and biological applications. The broad synthetic investigation and functional usefulness of heterocyclic molecules is driving a surge in research interest. They are found in more than 90% of innovative medications and bridge the gap between biology and chemistry, where so much scientific discovery and application happens. Heterocycles are also useful in a variety of domains, including pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, and others. In this article, quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) models is developed using sombor indices to predict fluorescence properties of aromatic hetero‐cyclic species based on their structural features. This allows researchers to estimate the fluorescence behavior of new molecules without performing experimental measurements. As an application, we have computed the sombor indices for self‐assembled supramolecular graphs made of terpyridine (TPE) and tetraphenylethylene (TPY) molecules that are produced as rosette cycles. This form of rosettes graph is used in electrical sensors, light emitting diodes, bioimaging and photoelectric devices, and so on. Tetraphenylethylene can be used to make fluorescent probes for next‐generation sensing applications with typical induced aggregative emission behavior.
Development and evaluation of robot‐assisted ultrasound navigation system for pedicle screw placement: An ex‐vivo animal validation
Authors: Li Ruixuan , Davoodi Ayoob , Cai Yuyu , Borghesan Gianni , Cavalcanti Nicola , Laux Christoph J. , Farshad Mazda , Carrillo Fabio , Fürnstahl Philipp , Vander Poorten Emmanuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeSpinal instrumentation with pedicle screw placement (PSP) is an important surgical technique for spinal diseases. Accurate screw trajectory is a prerequisite for PSP. Ultrasound (US) imaging with robot‐assisted system forms a non‐radiative alternative to provide precise screw trajectory. This study reports on the development and assessment of US navigation for this application.MethodsA robot‐assisted US reconstruction was proposed and an automatic CT‐to‐US registration algorithm was investigated, allowing the registration of screw trajectories. Experiments were conducted on ex‐vivo lamb spines to evaluate system performance.ResultsIn total, 72 screw trajectories are measured, displaying an average position accuracy of 2.80 ± 1.14 mm and orientation accuracy of 1.38 ± 0.61°.ConclusionThe experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of proposed US system. This work, although restricted to laboratory settings, encourages further exploration of the potential of this technology in clinical practice.
Metal Electrodeposited on Carbon Fibers as Lead Acid Battery Additives: An Investigation on the Battery Cycle Performance
Authors: Turhan Alper , Erol Mustafa , Aykaç Ahmet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe enhancement of battery performance becomes one of the crucial points of the current research. In this study, the effect of zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb) electrodeposited on carbon fibers (CF), and pristine‐CF on the negative plates of the lead acid batteries are investigated instead of the traditionally used polypropylene (PP) fibers as additives. The morphological and structural properties of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The electrochemical performance of the 2 V/30 Ah enhanced flooded cells were prepared and tested. The 50 % depth of discharge (DoD) cycles were carried out. Constant charging processes were applied at 60 °C for 42 days for water consumption tests. Although the best cyclic performances were recorded from the cells with pristine‐CF and CF/Zn, due to enhanced water‐loss in those samples, acidity was increased. On the other hand, with the addition of CF/Sn and CF/Cu/Pb, gassing is reduced resulting in acid stratification during charge/discharge process leading to lower cycle performance, eventually. Overall, using CF or metal modified CF instead of PP fibers enhances the number of charge‐discharge cycle by at least 23 cycles.
Organotrialkoxysilanes Mediate the Syntheses of Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles and TiO2‐Supported Ag−Ni Nanocatalysts for Selective Hydrazine Sensing and Decomposition
Authors: Mitra Murli Dhar , Singh Haribrahma , Singh Richa , Pandey Prem C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOrganotrialkoxysilanes enabled the controlled synthesis of mono‐metallic and bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles. 3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3‐APTMS)‐treated gold cations were quickly (1 minute) transformed into gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (3‐GPTMS). As made AuNPs demonstrated exceptional fluorescence properties with 15 % QY, and the blue fluorescence of nanomaterials is supported by CIE coordinates. Fluorescent gold nanoparticles were evaluated using UV‐ Visible spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mediated by the use of organotrialkoxysilanes, gold nanoparticles with an average particle size of 4–8 nm were produced, which could be helpful for the direct determination of hydrazine via fluorescence spectroscopy. The detection limit for hydrous hydrazine is 0.047 μM, with a linear range of 0.1–1 μM (R2=0.995). In addition, organotrialkoxysilanes were also used as templates for the stabilization and formation of supported TiO2 bimetallic Ag−Ni nanoparticles for use as photo‐nanocatalysts. TiO2‐supported bimetallic Ag−Ni nanocatalyst were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM), EDX, elemental mapping, and the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) technique. Real‐time hydrazine decomposition was enabled by the as‐built heterogeneous support in the presence of sunlight.
In Vitro and in Silico Studies of 3‐Hydroxyflavone‐Based Sulfonate Esters: Potent Acetylcholinesterase, Carbonic Anhydrase and α‐Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Guney Murat , Aggul Ahmet Gokhan , Erturk Adem , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, a novel series of sulfonate esters derived from 3‐hydroxyflavone was synthesized and their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α‐glycosidase (AG), and carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and II) enzymes were investigated using experimental and molecular docking analyses. The synthesis involved the reaction of 3‐hydroxyflavone with tosyl chloride, mesytl chloride, β‐naphthylsulfonyl chloride, and 8‐quinolinesulfonyl chloride. The characterization of each compound was confirmed by obtaining 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectra. Furthermore, IC50 and Ki values for the synthesized compounds were calculated and compared to the clinical enzyme inhibitors. Our results showed that the synthesized compounds exhibited inhibition against the targeted enzymes, with Ki values ranging from 1.92 to 4.16 nM for AChE, 32.40 to 55.49 nM for AG, 9.45 to 65.53 nM for hCA I, and 76.62 to 163.33 nM for hCA II. The compound involved quinolinesulfonyl moiety demonstrated especially potent inhibition with IC50 values of 3.96 nM for AChE, 32.40 nM for AG, 9.50 nM for hCA I, and 76.62 nM for hCA II. The docking results aligned well with our experimental findings. The findings have promising implications for the development of novel inhibitors and drug discovery efforts in the future.
Near‐Infrared Emission‐Cyanine 5.5 and Doxorubicin Loaded Magnetite Nanoparticles for Dual In Vivo Magnetic Resonance and Biodistribution Imaging
Authors: Son Phan Ke , Thuy Doan Bich , Thu Huong Le Thi , Thu Trang Mai Thi , Dieu Thuy Ung Thi , Quang Bui Thuc , Boumati Sarah , Thu Ha Phuong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe in vivo imaging of the drug distribution during cancer treatment plays an important role in helping physicians and pharmacists to monitor the progress of treatment and improve the effectiveness of therapy. Our goal in this work was to prepare a multifunctional nano drug delivery system that not only co‐loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and Doxorubicin (Dox) but also attached the near‐infrared fluorescent agent Cyanine 5.5 based on poly(lactide)‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLA‐TPGS) copolymer. Cyanine 5.5 was attached to the surface Fe3O4 NPs via the NH−CO chemical bond, followed by co‐loading of Dox onto the PLA‐TPGS copolymer by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The structural, morphological, dimensional, stability, and optical‐magnetic properties of the as‐synthesized nanosystem were fully characterized. From the drug‐released study, the prolonged release of Dox accelerated with increasing acidic conditions (at pH 5.0 and 6.5), while a slow release was observed at pH 7.4. Through the MTT assay, the nanosystem had cellular toxicity against Hep−G2 and HeLa cell lines with low IC50 values of 0.42 and 0.78 μg.mL−1 in terms of Dox concentration, respectively. At a magnetic field of 7 T, this nanosystem also exhibited a high r2/r1 ratio of 164.5 and a strong contrast magnetic resonance (MR) image in the liver. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed that the highest fluorescence intensity achived in the liver after 6 h, and the nanosystem was eliminated from the body after at least 24 h. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the PLA‐TPGS‐Fe3O4‐Cyanine 5.5‐Dox nanosystem is a good candidate for simultaneously increasing contrast for MR and near‐infrared fluorescence imaging.