bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Corpus-Based Study of the Reflexive Form Tua-eng ‘Self’ in Thai
Authors: Ratitamkul Theeraporn 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate semantic and syntactic characteristics of the reflexive form tua-eng ‘self’ in Thai and analyze reflexive constructions within the framework of Cognitive Grammar, adopting van Hoek (1995, 1997)’s approach. To observe how the reflexive appears in actual usage, 500 instances of tua-eng were collected from the Thai National Corpus (tnc). The reflexive is examined in relation to its antecedent regarding animacy, structural proximity and grammatical positions. Moreover, frequently encountered reflexive constructions are identified. The study claims that the prototypical reflexive construction in Thai is one in which the antecedent serves as a subject and tua-eng as a direct object. Other constructions are extensions from the prototype and can be accounted for when the antecedent’s point of view and the viewing relation are taken into consideration. The reflexive constructions in Thai are hence a network of related schemas that are prototypically organized.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: What do General Surgery Residents Think?
Authors: St John Ace , Cooper Laura , Kavic Stephen M. 
Published: October 2023

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in medical education and patient care, but its rapid emergence presents ethical and practical challenges. This study explored the perspectives of surgical residents on AI's role in medicine. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study surveying general surgery residents at a university-affiliated teaching hospital about their views on AI in medicine and surgical training. The survey covered demographics, residents' understanding of AI, its integration into medical practice, and use of AI tools like ChatGPT. The survey design was inspired by a recent national survey and underwent pretesting before deployment. Results Of the 31 participants surveyed, 24% identified diagnostics as AI's top application, 12% favored its use in identifying anatomical structures in surgeries, and 20% endorsed AI integration into EMRs for predictive models. Attitudes toward AI varied based on its intended application: 77.41% expressed concern about AI making life decisions and 70.97% felt excited about its application for repetitive tasks. A significant 67.74% believed AI could enhance the understanding of medical knowledge. Perception of AI integration varied with AI familiarity ( P = .01), with more knowledgeable respondents expressing more positivity. Moreover, familiarity influenced the perceived academic use of ChatGPT ( P = .039) and attitudes toward AI in operating rooms ( P = .032). Conclusion: This study provides insights into surgery residents’ perceptions of AI in medical practice and training. These findings can inform future research, shape policy decisions, and guide AI development, promoting a harmonious collaboration between AI and surgeons to improve both training and patient care.
Does COVID-19 Cause Non-Dıpper Hypertension?
Authors: Sivri Fatih , Türköz Ismail , Şencan Mehtap , İçen Yahya Kemal , Aksoy Fatih , Ceyhan Banu Öztürk 
Published: October 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a health problem worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of blood pressure (BP) on the circadian pattern and prevalence of new-onset non-dipper hypertension in the post-COVID period in patients with known hypertension. This prospective single-center study included 722 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Ambulatory BP (ABP) data were collected during their initial hospitalization. The ABP data were reassessed 1 month after the patients were discharged. The results were compared with a healthy control group with known hypertension but without COVID-19 infection. After exclusion criteria were applied, the study included 187 patients with COVID-19 and 136 healthy hypertensive controls. Post-COVID ABP showed that patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher mean 24-h systolic and diastolic BP, mean nighttime systolic and diastolic BP, and mean daytime diastolic BP than the control group. In addition, new-onset non-dipper hypertension was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19. This study demonstrated for the first time that the circadian pattern is disturbed and a non-dipper pattern develops in individuals with known hypertension during the post-COVID period.
Family carer experiences of hospice care at home: Qualitative findings from a mixed methods realist evaluation
Authors: Abrahamson Vanessa , Wilson Patricia , Barclay Stephen , Brigden Charlotte , Gage Heather , Greene Kay , Hashem Ferhana , Mikelyte Rasa , Rees-Roberts Melanie , Silsbury Graham , Goodwin Mary , Swash Brooke , Wee Bee , Williams Peter , Butler Claire 
Published: October 2023

Background: Hospice-at-home aims to enable patients approaching end-of-life to die at home and support their carers. A wide range of different service models exists but synthesised evidence on how best to support family carers to provide sustainable end-of-life care at home is limited. Aim: To explore what works best to promote family carers’ experiences of hospice-at-home. Design: Realist evaluation with mixed methods. This paper focuses on qualitative interviews with carers (to gain their perspective and as proxy for patients) and service providers from 12 case study sites in England. Interviews were coded and programme theories were refined by the research team including two public members. Setting/participants: Interviews with carers (involved daily) of patients admitted to hospice-at-home services ( n = 58) and hospice-at-home staff ( n = 78). Results: Post bereavement, 76.4% of carers thought that they had received as much help and support as they needed and most carers (75.8%) rated the help and support as excellent or outstanding. Of six final programme theories capturing key factors relevant to providing optimum services, those directly relevant to carer experiences were: integration and co-ordination of services; knowledge, skills and ethos of hospice staff; volunteer roles; support directed at the patient–carer dyad. Conclusions: Carers in hospice-at-home services identified care to be of a higher quality than generic community services. Hospice staff were perceived as having ‘time to care’, communicated well and were comfortable with dying and death. Hands-on care was particularly valued in the period close to death.
Learning Scores and Economics Instruction
Authors: Walstad William B. , Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia Olga 
Published: October 2023

This study explains how economics instructors can incorporate pretest and posttest assessments into their economics courses to make testing and related teaching more dynamic and interactive with students. Such assessments allow the correct and incorrect responses to pretest and posttest items to be used by instructors to create four learning scores that reveal different pathways of student learning—positive, retained, negative, and zero. Learning scores provide more insights into learning progression among students during an instructional unit or a course than is possible with the typical posttest only assessment. The study explains how learning scores can be used by economics instructors to analyze classroom or group learning, to diagnose individual student understandings or misunderstandings, and assess how each test item contributes to student learning. It discusses the practical applications and extensions of learning score analysis that make it realistic for economics instructors to use and addresses measurement concerns. JEL Codes: A2, A22
Cobalt atom collapsed in a single chain of polymethyl methacrylate and its zinc oxide nanocomposite, thermal, electrical, and optical behaviors
Authors: Zebari Osama Ismail Haji , Demirelli Kadir , Sharaf Zeebaree Samie Yaseen , Tuncer Hülya 
Published: October 2023

The copolymer precursor, poly [4-(4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)phthalonitrile]-co-methyl methacrylate (poly (VBOPN-co-MMA)), was synthesized through copolymerization of VBOPN and MMA at a temperature of 110°C. Subsequently, a single-chain polymer complex of cobalt phthalocyanine (SCP-CoPc) was formed at 150°C by intramolecular macrocyclization between the cobalt and the phthalonitrile group in poly (VBOPN-co-MMA), using excess cyclohexanol. The formation of the SCP-CoPc complex was confirmed through various spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. In particular, the disappearance of -CN band at 2232 cm−1 from FT-IR indicated the formation of the SCP-CoPc complex, while the presence of specific absorption bands in the UV/Vis spectrum further confirmed its creation. The electrical, dielectric, optical, and thermal properties of the SCP-CoPc complex and SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5% composites were investigated. The SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite exhibited improved dielectric and DC conductivity with increasing temperature. The activation energy (Ea) was found to be 0.35 eV for SCP-CoPc and 0.25 eV for SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite, indicating that the electrical conductivity followed the Arrhenius equation. The optical properties, including band gap, dielectric constant, and refractive index, were calculated for the SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite. The SCP-CoPc complex possessed a band gap of 2.89 eV, while the SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% nanocomposite had a slightly reduced band gap of 2.36 eV. The refractive indices of SCP-CoPc and SCP-CoPc/ZnO 5 wt% were also determined.
The Healthy Caregiver? A Positive Impact of Informal Caregiving Status on Cognitive Functions Over Time From the Midlife in the United States Study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kallol Kumar , Liu Yin , Das Gupta Debasree , Molinari Victor , Fauth Elizabeth B. 
Published: October 2023

Objectives The current study examined whether informal caregivers performed worse, better, or similar to non-caregivers on cognitive tests of executive functioning and episodic memory over 10 years. Methods: Data were from waves 2 (2003–04) and 3 (2013–14) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study ( N = 2086). Multiple linear regression models examined whether caregiving at both waves 2 and 3 predicted better cognitive functioning at wave 3, than caregiving at only one time point or no caregiving (reference) while controlling for baseline covariates (i.e., sociodemographic, health, and functional status). Results After controlling for covariates, caregiving at both waves was independently associated with better performance in episodic memory ( b = .24, SE = .10, p = .013) but not executive function ( b = −.06, SE = .05, p = .246). Discussion:The findings partially supported both healthy caregiver and stress process models, indicating caregiving may be associated with better episodic memory but not executive functioning over time among the middle-aged and older adults.
Abnormal presentation of pregnancy and postpartum initial-onset systemic lupus erythematosus combined with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Chu Ya-ya , Sun Meng-chun , Zhang Xiao-wei , Li Yi-fei , Dai Chun-qing , Wang Gui-hong 
Published: October 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that most commonly occurs in women of childbearing age. However, cases of SLE with abnormal pregnancy as the initial manifestation, involving the development of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), have rarely been reported. Herein, we report the case of a young woman who underwent a cesarean section for fetal distress and growth restriction at 35 + 1 weeks’ gestation. Following discharge, she experienced progressive worsening of anemia and chest tightness, which was later diagnosed as SLE complicated by DAH.
Reward Functioning in General and Specific Psychopathology in Children and Adults
Authors: Saxena Ankita , Hartman Catharina A. , Blatt Steven D. , Fremont Wanda P. , Glatt Stephen J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Zhang-James Yanli 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Problems with reward processing have been implicated in multiple psychiatric disorders, but psychiatric comorbidities are common and their specificity to individual psychopathologies is unknown. Here, we evaluate the association between reward functioning and general or specific psychopathologies. Method: 1,213 adults and their1,531 children (ages 6–12) completed various measures of the Positive Valence System domain from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychopathology was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for children and the Adult Self Report for parents. Results: One general factor identified via principal factors factor analysis explained most variance in psychopathology in both groups. Measures of reward were associated with the general factor and most specific psychopathologies. Certain reward constructs were associated solely with specific psychopathologies but not general psychopathology. However, some prior associations between reward and psychopathology did not hold following removal of comorbidity. Conclusion: Reward dysfunction is significantly associated with both general and specific psychopathologies.
Researching Eyesight Trends IN ADHD (RETINA)
Authors: Choudhury Rehan A. , Adducci Anthony J. , Sarwar Haider , Hale Elijah W. 
Published: October 2023

Background: There has been limited exploration of the relationship between ADHD and vision impairment, especially in relation to ADHD medication regimens and age. This study aims to examine trends in visual disorders in young patients with ADHD. Methods: We analyzed deidentified patient records from TriNetX database. Patients under 22 years old were divided into cohorts based on ADHD status and medication regimen. We compared prevalence of vision disorders between cohorts. Results: We studied over 1 million patients. The ADHD cohort had higher rates of all visual disorders than their non-ADHD peers. Medication usage was found to have a slight impact, with non-stimulants associating with higher rates for all outcomes. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the higher occurrence of visual disorders in ADHD is not primarily due to misdiagnosis or medication effects. There is a need for regular eye care in ADHD patients and further investigation into the role of ADHD medications in eye health.
Understanding ADHD in AAPI College Students: Prevalence, Comorbidities, Impairments, and Treatment Utilization
Authors: Jhawar Nandini , Antshel Kevin M. 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students with ADHD may face increased risk for college maladjustment due to cultural factors and a tendency to delay treatment. This is the first study to examine ADHD prevalence, ADHD-related impairments and comorbidities, and ADHD treatment utilization in AAPI college students. Method: AAPI, White, Hispanic, and Black undergraduates ( n = 258,005) from the American College Health Association—National College Health Assessment II survey were included in the study. Results: AAPI students had lower ADHD prevalence rates than White and Black students, and similar prevalence to Hispanic students. AAPI students with ADHD had significantly higher risk for comorbidities and social and academic impairments, compared to White students with ADHD. Approximately half of AAPI students with ADHD did not utilize treatment despite experiencing psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairments. Conclusion: AAPI college students with ADHD are underutilizing treatment despite elevated psychiatric comorbidities and functional impairment.
Mobilizing or Sedative Effects? A Narrative Review of the Association Between Intergroup Contact and Collective Action Among Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups
Authors: Cocco Veronica Margherita , Vezzali Loris , Stathi Sofia , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Dovidio John F. 
Published: October 2023

Academic Abstract In this narrative review, we examined 134 studies of the relationship between intergroup contact and collective action benefiting disadvantaged groups. We aimed to identify whether, when, and why contact has mobilizing effects (promoting collective action) or sedative effects (inhibiting collective action). For both moderators and mediators, factors associated with the intergroup situation (compared with those associated with the out-group or the in-group) emerged as the most important. Group status had important effects. For members of socially advantaged groups (examined in 98 studies, 100 samples), contact had a general mobilizing effect, which was stronger when contact increased awareness of experiences of injustice among members of disadvantaged groups. For members of disadvantaged groups (examined in 49 studies, 58 samples), contact had mixed effects. Contact that increased awareness of injustice mobilized collection action; contact that made the legitimacy of group hierarchy or threat of retaliation more salient produced sedative effects. Public Abstract We present a review of existing studies that have investigated the relationship between intergroup contact and collective action aimed at promoting equity for disadvantaged groups. We further consider the influence of contact that is positive or negative and face-to-face or indirect (e.g., through mass or social media), and we distinguish between collective action that involves socially acceptable behaviors or is destructive and violent. We identified 134 studies, considering both advantaged (100 samples) and disadvantaged groups (58 samples). We found that intergroup contact impacts collective action differently depending on group status. Contact generally leads advantaged groups to mobilize in favor of disadvantaged groups. However, contact has variable effects on members of disadvantaged groups: It sometimes promotes their collective action in support of their own group; in other cases, it leads them to be less likely to engage in such action. We examine when and why contact can have these different effects.
A Preliminary Study of Correlates of Premature Birth and Their Influence on Cortisol Levels in Young Children
Authors: Kloosterboer Sophia , Anolda Naber Fabiënne Bertina , Heyman Hiltje , Hoffmann-Haringsma Angelique , Brunt Tibor Markus 
Published: October 2023

Objective The HPA-axis is programmed during early infancy, but a lot is unknown about the programming of the HPA-axis in prematurely born or small for gestational age (SGA) children. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the influence of prematurity and variables associated with birth on cortisol levels in young children. Methods Cortisol was measured in a cross-sectional design in 38 premature born participants (<37 weeks of gestation), aged between 3 – 9 years old. Correlates of prematurity (degree of prematurity and birth delivery route) were investigated in relationship with cortisol levels with regression analysis. Results Corrected for sex, delivery by C-section was associated with lower cortisol levels in the children ( ß = −.42, p = .028), with an explained variance of 34%. Conclusion Birth delivery route by C-section is associated with lowered (or flattened) cortisol levels in children born prematurely. This is clinically relevant and might have important implications, because an HPA-axis disturbance might lead to developmental problems later on in life. However, future research is necessary to investigate the underlying indications for performing a C-section, which will help to understand factors that influence the HPA-axis development in children born prematurely.
Real-world data analysis for the association of glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Kalamaras Ilias , Dafoulas George , Bargiota Alexandra , Votis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2023

Existing results regarding the usage of glycemic control in critically ill patients for reduced morbidity and mortality have been based on clinical studies but could not be reproduced in large prospective studies. Current guidelines for glycemic control suggest a target blood glucose of 140–180 mg/dL, with lower targets being appropriate for some patients. The current study aims to provide additional evidence to this area, through the usage of real-world retrospective data of everyday clinical practice. We have used the large, credentialed access database MIMIC-IV to assess the effect of glycemic control to patient mortality. Glycemic control has been characterized by the percentage of time that the glucose measurements fall within pre-specified glucose bands. Results from logistic regression and survival analysis are reported, along with visualizations based on methods from the machine learning literature, which all suggest that increased time in low and high glucose values is related to increased ICU mortality and decreased survival.
Free-Living Peak Cadence in Multiple Sclerosis: A New Measure of Real-World Walking?
Authors: Zheng Peixuan , Jeng Brenda , Huynh Trinh L. T. , Aguiar Elroy J. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: October 2023

Background Physical function and walking performance have become important outcomes in clinical trials and rehabilitation involving persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, assessments conducted in controlled settings may not reflect real-world capacity and movement in a natural environment. Peak cadence via accelerometry might represent a novel measure of walking intensity and prolonged natural effort under free-living conditions. Objective We compared peak 30-minute cadence, peak 1-minute cadence, and time spent in incremental cadence bands between persons with MS and healthy controls, and examined the associations between peak cadence and laboratory-assessed physical function and walking performance. Methods Participants (147 MS and 54 healthy controls) completed questionnaires on disability status and self-reported physical activity, underwent the Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go, and 6-Minute Walk, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. We performed independent samples t-tests and Spearman bivariate and partial correlations adjusting for daily steps. Results The MS sample demonstrated lower physical function and walking performance scores, daily steps, and peak cadence ( P < .001), and spent less time in purposeful steps and slow-to-brisk walking (40-119 steps/minutes), but accumulated more incidental movement (1-19 steps/minutes) than healthy controls. The associations between peak cadence and performance outcomes were strong in MS (| rs| = 0.59-0.68) and remained significant after controlling for daily steps (| prs| = 0.22-0.44), P-values < .01. Peak cadence was inversely correlated with age and disability, regardless of daily steps ( P < .01). Conclusions Our findings provide preliminary evidence for the potential use of peak cadence with step-based metrics for comprehensively evaluating free-living walking performance in MS.