bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research progress in the application of catalytic infrared technology in fruit and vegetable processing
Authors: Wu Bengang , Ma Yuanjin , Guo Yiting , Zielinska Magda , Gao Kun , Song Chenyu , Bouhile Yasmine , Qiu Chengcheng , Pan Zhongli , Ma Haile 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFruit and vegetable processing can effectively maintain the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable‐based products while extending the shelf life of products and saving transportation costs. Infrared (IR) technology has been widely used in many operating units of fruit and vegetable processing because of its versatility of uniform heating, high heat transfer efficiency, and minimized damage to fruit and vegetable tissues. Catalytic IR (CIR), compared to traditional electric IR, is powered by natural gas or liquefied gas, which can improve thermal efficiency while significantly saving energy. However, there is no comprehensive overview discussing and summarizing the utilization and application of the CIR technology in fruit and vegetable processing. Therefore, this review aims to highlight recent advances in the application of CIR technology in fruit and vegetable processing. Specifically, a comprehensive discussion of the physicochemical properties and underlying mechanisms of CIR is provided, and its applications as a single method or in combination with other technologies in fruit and vegetable processes, such as blanching, peeling, microbial population reduction, and drying, are also presented. Besides, the currently used laboratory and pilot‐scale equipment of CIR has also been summarized.
The impact of live dietary microbes on health: A scoping review
Authors: Iyer Ajay , Mukherjee Arghya , Gómez‐Sala Beatriz , O'Connor Eibhlís M. , Kenny John G. , Cotter Paul D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA systematic approach to collect, peruse, and summarize the available information relating to the potential benefits of consuming dietary microbes was pursued in this scoping review. This review focused on the research endpoints, experimental designs, and microbial exposure in experimental as well as observational research work. Using a structured‐ set of keywords, scientific databases were systematically searched to retrieve publications reporting outcomes pertaining to the use of dietary microbes in healthy, nonpatient populations. Searches were further tailored to focus on eight different health categories, namely, “antibiotic associated diarrhoea” (AAD), “gastrointestinal health” (GIH), “immunological health” (ImH), “cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome” (CvHMS), “cancer prevention” (CanPr), “respiratory health” (ReH), “weight management” (WtMgt), and “urogenital health” (UrGH). Quality of evidence available in each publication was assessed using the Jadad scoring system. The search yielded 228 relevant publications describing 282 experimental cases comprising 62 research endpoints overall. A microbial dose of CFU.day−1 was associated with non‐negative reported outcomes. Older population groups with a median age of 39 years were associated with positive outcomes. More high‐quality research is required investigating the role of dietary microbes in maintaining general health, particularly in the health categories of UrGH, WtMgt, and CanPr.
Effect of gum arabic and thermal modification of whey protein isolate on the characteristics of Cornus officinalis flavonoid microcapsules
Authors: Liang Luodan , Cao Weiwei , Li Linlin , Liu Wenchao , Wei Xinyu , Chen Junliang , Ren Guangyue , Duan Xu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhey protein isolates (WPIs) were treated at 50, 60, 70, and 80°C to obtain thermally modified WPI. Gum arabic (GA) and thermal modification of WPI were used as novel wall materials to improve the quality of Cornus officinalis flavonoid (COF) microcapsules using microwave freeze‐drying technique in this study. Results showed that all the thermal modification treatment decreased emulsifying activity index of WPI, whereas the solubility and emulsifying stability index (ESI) of WPI gradually increased with the increase of heating temperature. Compared to the untreated protein, the thermal modification treatment at 70°C increased the solubility and ESI of WPI by 14.91% ± 0.71% and 26.70% ± 0.94%, respectively. The microcapsules prepared with the modified protein at 60°C had the highest encapsulation efficiency (95.13% ± 2.36%), the lowest moisture content (1.42% ± 0.34%), and the highest solubility (84.41% ± 0.91). Scanning electron microscopy images showed that COF microcapsules were uniformly spherical, and the sizes of the microcapsules were in the following order: 12.42 ± 0.37 µm (80°C) > 11.7 ± 0.23 µm (untreated group) > 9.44 ± 0.33 µm (60°C) > 9.24 ± 0.14 µm (50°C) > 7.69 ± 0.29 µm (70°C). In the simulated in vitro digestion experiments, the release rate of COF microcapsules in the gastric digestion phase was less than that in the intestinal digestion phase, and it reached 66.46% at intestinal digestion phase. These results suggested that heated WPI and GA could be an effective nanocarrier to enhance the stability of COF.
Costs and challenges of the curriculum vitae for SET Urology training positions: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Cole‐Clark Dane , Rashid Prem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical training programs within Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand have become more competitive. Applicants are required to build a strong application over curriculum vitae (CV), references and interview. The building of the CV often comes at significant financial and time cost with challenges. This study explores successful applicants' experiences of the costs and challenges to build a successful CV for acceptance onto the Urology training program within Australia and New Zealand.MethodsQualitative content analysis (QCA) was undertaken of semi‐structured interviews conducted with 11 nSET Urology trainees. QCA focused on the identification and evaluation of costs and challenges experienced. Analysis was reviewed over the domain of CV components.ResultsCosts of building each domain differed significantly between trainees as they focussed on various domains. Challenges encountered were identified with four themes were identified with associated subthemes: Passion/Commitment (two subthemes); Researching Pathways (six subthemes); Challenges (two subthemes) and Acceptance Success (two subthemes).ConclusionsThe commitment to a surgical specialty begins before acceptance onto a training program. A high‐level CV is an integral component of acceptance onto the Urology training program. Each trainee had a different journey, including time and financial sacrifices, to obtain acceptance whilst demonstrating a strong motivation for success. The average cost of each trainee who gained acceptance was $50 779 over 3 years. Consideration should be given to making the CV component less onerous.
Use of pudendal nerve blocks in rubber band ligation of haemorrhoids: an Australia‐wide cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Watson Eleanor G. R. , Ong Hwa Ian , Proud David M. , Mohan Helen M. , Korda Rosemary J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgeons vary in their approach to preventing pain post rubber band ligation (RBL) of haemorrhoids, with pudendal nerve blocks (PNB) being one analgesic strategy. No data exists on how commonly PNBs are used in RBL in Australia, and whether use varies by year and patient and hospital characteristics.MethodsAggregate data from the National Hospital Morbidity Database was obtained for all admissions for RBL in Australia from 2012 to 2021, with and without a PNB, overall and in relation to sex, age group, hospital remoteness, hospital sector, and year of procedure. Adjusted relative risks (adj. RR) of PNB were estimated using Poisson regression, mutually adjusting for all variables.ResultsOf the 346 542 admissions for RBL, 14013 (4.04%) involved a PNB. The proportion of patients receiving a PNB increased between 2012–2013 and 2020–2021, from 1.62% to 6.63% (adj. RR 3.99, CI 3.64–4.36). Patients most likely to receive a PNB were female (adj. RR 1.10; CI 1.07–1.14) aged 25–34 years (adj. RR 1.13; CI 1.01–1.26); in major‐city (adj. RR 1.25 CI 1.20–1.30) and private hospitals (adj. RR 3.28 CI 3.13–3.45).ConclusionThis is the first published analysis of the use of PNB in RBL. Pudendal nerve block use has increased over time, with substantial variation in practice. Blocks were more than three times as likely to be used in private compared to public hospitals. If evidence supporting PNB use is established, equitable access to the procedure should be pursued.
Proposed clinical operative synoptic report for ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease
Authors: Ng Zi Qin , Mackenzie Scott , Gilmore Andrew , Diab Jason , Gibson Katherine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCrohn's disease patients may require multiple surgeries during their lifetime. Because operative reports are not standardized, information relevant to future management may not be documented. Synoptic reports used in other fields such as histopathology have proven to be effective and allow consistent documentation of results. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the completeness of the operative reports for ileocolic Crohn's resections (ICR) and to propose a synoptic report.MethodsA draft synoptic operative report for ICR for Crohn's disease was presented in the IBD multidisciplinary meeting and a Delphi process used to gain consensus for inclusion in the synoptic report. Retrospective analysis of consecutive ICR from January 2010 to April 2023 was undertaken to determine the presence of the standardized criteria.ResultsA total of 66 ICR were performed in 63 patients during the study period. No operation reports were excluded. The examination of bowel for macroscopic disease was partially documented in 88% cases. The extent of mesenteric resection and any difficulty encountered during dissection were poorly documented. The remaining length of small and large intestines was not documented in most operative reports. The clinical sections that were compulsory entrance in the electronic operative report achieved 100% compliance.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that key information was often deficient in the operative report. This may have a significant impact on the future management of Crohn's patients and affects the interpretation of research outcomes. A proposed clinical synoptic operative report is easy to use and ensures compliance.
Relationships between physical behaviour phenotypes of mothers in pregnancy and their offspring with child body composition
Authors: Howie Erin K. , Nelson Alexander , McVeigh Joanne A. , Andres Aline 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify physical behaviour phenotypes in mothers in the first trimester and in their offspring at 24 months of age. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between mother and child behaviours with child body composition at age 24 months.MethodsLongitudinal secondary analysis of the Glowing cohort collected between 1 February 2011 and 22 August 2017 in Little Rock, Arkansas. Behaviours were measured using ankle‐worn accelerometers in mothers during the first trimester and offspring at 24 months of age, including total activity, sleep, sedentary time and a novel variable of daily variation, patternicity. Child body fat was measured using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance.ResultsThree phenotypes were identified for mothers and children (n = 159 complete dyads). There were no relationships between mother and child phenotypes, but higher maternal patternicity was associated with higher child patternicity (0.2, 95% CI 0.1, 0.3, p = 0.001). There were no associations between mother or child phenotypes with child body composition, however higher child activity was associated with lower body fat (−0.01, 95% CI: −0.02, −0.001, p = 0.031).ConclusionLimited associations were found between mothers' pregnancy physical behaviours with child behaviours or child body composition at 24 months of age. Factors such as child diet or current parental physical activity may be better predictors of early childhood outcomes.
Mental health, pain and likelihood of opioid misuse among adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Jonassaint Charles R. , Parchuri Ektha , O'Brien Julia A. , Lalama Christina M. , Lin Jonathan , Badawy Sherif M. , Hamm Megan E. , Stinson Jennifer , Lalloo Chitra , Carroll C. Patrick , Saraf Santosh L. , Gordeuk Victor R. , Cronin Robert , Shah Nirmish , Lanzkron Sophie M. , Liles Darla , Trimnell Cassandra , Bailey Lakiea , Lawrence Raymona H. , Abebe Kaleab Z. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDepressive symptoms are prevalent in individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) and may exacerbate pain. This study examines whether higher depressive symptoms are associated with pain outcomes, pain catastrophizing, interference and potential opioid misuse in a large cohort of adults with SCD. The study utilized baseline data from the ‘CaRISMA’ trial, which involved 357 SCD adults with chronic pain. Baseline assessments included pain intensity, daily mood, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), the Generalized Anxiety Disorders scale, PROMIS Pain Interference, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Information System and the Current Opioid Misuse Measure. Participants were categorized into ‘high’ or ‘low’ depression groups based on PHQ scores. Higher depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increased daily pain intensity, negative daily mood, higher pain interference and catastrophizing, poorer quality of life and a higher likelihood of opioid misuse (all p < 0.01). SCD patients with more severe depressive symptoms experienced poorer pain outcomes, lower quality of life and increased risk of opioid misuse. Longitudinal data from this trial will determine whether addressing depressive symptoms may potentially reduce pain frequency and severity in SCD.
Astragaloside IV regulates circ_0001615 and miR‐873‐5p/LASP1 axis to suppress colorectal cancer cell progression
Authors: Kong Pengfei , Tang Xuemei , Liu Fang , Tang Xuegui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAstragaloside IV (AS‐IV) has exhibited pivotal anti‐cancer efficacy in multiple types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Meanwhile, circular RNA (circRNA) circ_0001615 has been reported to be involved in the malignant development of CRC. Herein, this study is expected to figure out the interaction between circ_0001615 and AS‐IV on CRC progression. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50), proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were detected by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and wound healing assays. The expression of related proteins was examined by western blot. Circ_0001615, microRNA‐873‐5p (miR‐873‐5p), and LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) levels were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The binding between miR‐873‐5p and circ_0001615, or LASP1, was predicted by Starbase, followed by verification by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The biological role of circ_0001615 and AS‐IV on CRC tumor growth was detected by the xenograft tumor model in vivo. According to the IC50 of AS‐IV in CRC cells, the 100 ng/mL AS‐IV treatment for 24 h was chosen for the following research: Our data confirmed that AS‐IV is a beneficial anti‐cancer agent in CRC cells. Furthermore, circ_0001615 and LASP1 expression were increased, and miR‐873‐5p was decreased in CRC patients and cell lines, whereas their expression exhibited an opposite trend in AS‐IV‐treated cells. Functionally, applying AS‐IV might act as a beneficial anti‐cancer effect by downregulating circ_0001615 in CRC cells in vitro. Mechanically, circ_0001615 serves as a sponge for miR‐873‐5p to affect LASP1 expression. In addition, AS‐IV inhibited CRC cell growth in vivo by modulating circ_0001615. Overall, AS‐IV could mitigate CRC development, at least in part, through the circ_0001615/miR‐873‐5p/LASP1 axis. These findings support a theoretical basis for an in‐depth study of the function of AS‐IV and the clinical treatment of CRC.
Seroprevalence of Anaplasma species in an equine population of Southwest Virginia
Authors: Hinson Hannah L. , Lahmers Kevin K. , Boes Katie M. , Funk Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBackgroundEquine granulocytic anaplasmosis (EGA) is a tick‐borne disease of clinical importance in Southwest Virginia. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs, detection of morulae on a blood smear, PCR and/or detection of antibodies 2–4 weeks post‐infection. A growing interest in stall‐side diagnostic tests has led to an increased use of the IDEXX SNAP 4DX Plus Test® for vector‐borne diseases including EGA.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to determine the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. in Southwest Virginia and examine the clinical and diagnostic features of symptomatic horses in the same region.MethodsSeroprevalence was evaluated in horses presented for Coggins testing in 2013 and 2019–2020. Clinical and diagnostic features were evaluated in horses presenting with compatible clinical signs from September 2019 to August 2020. Seroprevalence was determined using the IDEXX SNAP 4DX Plus Test®. Complete blood count, blood and buffy coat smears for morulae detection, PCR, immunofluorescence antibody testing (IFAT) and the IDEXX SNAP 4DX Plus Test® were performed on horses with clinical signs of EGA.ResultsSeroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. was 8.5% in 2013 and 11.2% in 2019–2020 (p = 0.43). 35% (6/17) of horses with clinical signs compatible with EGA had confirmed infection via PCR analysis. Three of these had morulae detected on blood smear and one had a positive IDEXX SNAP 4DX Plus Test®. Examination slides made from the buffy coat did not improve detection of morulae. The most common haematological abnormality was thrombocytopaenia.ConclusionsSeroprevalence of Anaplasma spp. is similar to other endemic areas in the United States. In active cases, diagnosis is best made via PCR. As anticipated, the IDEXX SNAP 4DX Plus Test® was not appropriate for the diagnosis of active infections.
Theoretical characterization of the temperature‐dependent mode I fracture toughness of rocks
Authors: Qiu Jun , Zhao Ziyuan , Yang Jiabin , Ma Yanli , Dong Pan , Zheng Shifeng , Wu Jinlong , Yao Qinyuan , Li Weiguo , Ma Jianzuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMode I fracture toughness, as a key index to reflect rocks' resistance to crack propagation and failure, which is significantly affected by temperature, plays an important role in accident prevention in underground engineering. In this work, a temperature‐damage‐dependent fracture surface energy model of rocks was developed first. Then, the theoretical characterization model of the temperature‐dependent mode I fracture toughness of rocks was proposed according to the relationship between the fracture surface energy and fracture toughness. All obtained experimental results are used for verification, and the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. The temperature‐dependent mode I fracture toughness model of rocks established in this study not only provides a new method to predict the fracture toughness of rocks at different temperatures conveniently but also provides the theoretical basis to the research on stability analysis, monitoring, warning, and disaster control of underground rock engineering.
The effect of dilatational and distortional strain energy density on crack initiation
Authors: Yang Xiaofa , Chang Dongdong , Huang Zekai , Wang Rong , Zuo Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo investigate the distinct influences of dilatational strain energy density (Dil‐SED) and distortional strain energy density (Dis‐SED) on crack initiation, quasi‐static loading tests were performed on centrally cracked polymethyl methacrylate samples, employing digital image correlation equipment. Our findings unveiled that the Dil‐SED promotes crack initiation, while the Dis‐SED inhibits it. Additionally, it was found that the direction obtained by the ratio of these two strain energy densities was closer to the crack initiation direction than the direction associated with the maximum Dil‐SED and minimum Dis‐SED values. Furthermore, experimental and finite element method (FEM) results indicated that the distribution of these two strain energy densities remains relatively insensitive to the core region's radius
. By understanding Dil‐SED and Dis‐SED magnitudes and their impacts on crack initiation, material failure can be predicted and prevented.
Carbon emissions and priming effects derived from crop residues and their responses to nitrogen inputs
Authors: Qin Jianjun , Chen Na , Scriber Kevin E. , Liu Jinbo , Wang Zhiqiang , Yang Kangjie , Yang Huiqiang , Liu Fuhao , Ding Yuanyuan , Latif Junaid , Jia Hanzhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrop residue‐derived carbon (C) emissions and priming effects (PE) in cropland soils can influence the global C cycle. However, their corresponding generality, driving factors, and responses to nitrogen (N) inputs are poorly understood. As a result, the total C emissions and net C balance also remain mysterious. To address the above knowledge gaps, a meta‐analysis of 1123 observations, taken from 51 studies world‐wide, has been completed. The results showed that within 360 days, emission ratios of crop residues C (ER) ranged from 0.22% to 61.80%, and crop residues generally induced positive PE (+71.76%). Comparatively, the contribution of crop residue‐derived C emissions (52.82%) to total C emissions was generally higher than that of PE (12.08%), emphasizing the importance of reducing ER. The ER and PE differed among crop types, and both were low in the case of rice, which was attributed to its saturated water conditions. The ER and PE also varied with soil properties, as PE decreased with increasing C addition ratio in soils where soil organic carbon (SOC) was less than 10‰; in contrast, the opposite phenomenon was observed in soils with SOC exceeding 10‰. Moreover, N inputs increased ER and PE by 8.31% and 3.78%, respectively, which was predominantly attributed to (NH4)2SO4. The increased PE was verified to be dominated by microbial stoichiometric decomposition. In summary, after incorporating crop residues, the total C emissions and relative net C balance in the cropland soils ranged from 0.03 to 23.47 mg C g−1 soil and 0.21 to 0.97 mg C g−1 residue‐C g−1 soil, respectively, suggesting a significant impact on C cycle. These results clarify the value of incorporating crop residues into croplands to regulate global SOC dynamics and help to establish while managing site‐specific crop return systems that facilitate C sequestration.