bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access systems in general practice: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Eccles Abi , Bryce Carol , Driessen Annelieke , Pope Catherine , MacLellan Jennifer , Gronlund Toto , Nicholson Brian D , Ziebland Sue , Atherton Helen 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAccess to GP appointments is increasingly challenging in many high-income countries, with an overstretched workforce and rising demand. Various access systems have been developed and evaluated internationally.AimTo systematically consolidate the current international evidence base related to different types of GP access systems.Design and settingScoping review examining international literature.MethodLiterature searches were run across relevant databases in May 2022. Title, abstract, and full-text screenings were carried out. Data from included studies were extracted and mapped to synthesise the components and aims within different GP access systems.ResultsIn total, 49 studies were included in the review. The majority of these were set in the UK. Some access systems featured heavily in the literature, such as Advanced Access, telephone triage, and online consultations, and others less so. There were two key strategies adopted by systems that related to either changing appointment capacity or modifying patient pathways. Components related to these strategies are summarised and illustrated as a schematic representation. Most rationales behind access systems were practice, rather than patient, focused. ‘Add-on’ systems and aims for efficiency have become more popular in recent years.ConclusionThis synthesis provides a useful tool in understanding access systems’ aims, design, and implementation. With focus on alleviating demand, patient-focused outcomes appear to be underinvestigated and potentially overlooked during design and implementation. More recently, digital services have been promoted as offering patient choice and convenience. But a context where demand outweighs resources challenges the premise that extending choice is possible.
Developing user personas to capture intersecting dimensions of disadvantage in older patients who are marginalised: a qualitative study
Authors: Husain Laiba , Finlay Teresa , Husain Arqam , Wherton Joseph , Hughes Gemma , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRemote and digital services must be equitable, but some patients have difficulty using these services. Designing measures to overcome digital disparities can be challenging for practices. Personas (fictional cases) are a potentially useful tool in this regard.AimTo develop and test a set of personas to reflect the lived experiences and challenges that older people who are disadvantaged face when navigating remote and digital primary care services.Design and settingQualitative study of digital disparities in NHS community health services offering video appointments.MethodFollowing familiarisation visits and interviews with service providers, 17 older people with multiple markers of disadvantage (limited English, health conditions, and poverty) were recruited and interviewed using narrative prompts. Data were analysed using an intersectionality lens, underpinned by sociological theory. Combining data across all participant interviews, we produced personas and refined these following focus groups involving health professionals, patients, and advocates (n= 12).ResultsDigital services create significant challenges for older patients with limited economic, social, and linguistic resources and low digital, health, or system literacy. Four contrasting personas were produced, capturing the variety and complexity of how dimensions of disadvantage intersected and influenced identity and actions. The personas illustrate important themes including experience of racism and discrimination, disorientation, discontinuity, limited presence, weak relationships, loss of agency, and mistrust of services and providers.ConclusionPersonas can illuminate the multiple and intersecting dimensions of disadvantage in patient populations who are marginalised and may prove useful when designing or redesigning digital primary care services. Adopting an intersectional lens may help practices address digital disparities.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PAO GAYSKY GOK'S TPP THROUGH ADDITIONAL LOADING OF TURBINE UNITS
Authors: Osipov Viktor 
Published: January 2024

Competitiveness of Gaysky GOK depends on energy costs, including the purchase of electricity for technological needs. Turbine units additional load is often considered in the context of optimization of power plant operation under changing conditions of electricity demand. By increasing the turbine load at certain times or when necessary to respond to changes in grid load, it is possible to improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce power generation costs. This article describes the methods of increasing the efficiency of steam-turbine units of thermal power plant of PJSC "GAYSKiy GOK", due to additional loading of operating turbine units up to nominal capacity. At low cost of electricity produced by the CHPP, compared to electricity purchased on the wholesale electricity market, which will reduce the company's costs for electricity purchase.
Steam, which is produced during the operation of turbine units in nominal mode and in the winter period is used for heating the city, in the fall-summer-spring periods it is proposed to use for the operation of evaporator plant, which will be used for desalination of clarified water, which after processing will be used in the technological process of the CHPP itself, as feed water for boilers, which will eliminate the need for water treatment of the CHPP.
Transformazioni costituzionali e transizione politica
Authors: Bartole Sergio 
Published: January 2024

El autor, después de haber expuesto el desarrollo del debate habido en Italia sobre la reforma constitucional , subraya la importancia de la discusión en relación con la participación directa del pueblo en el procedimiento de la reforma constitucional.
De acuerdo con el Derecho vigente, el pueblo carece de un poder ilimitado en relación con la revisión de la Constitución. El artículo 1 de la Constitución prevé expresamente que la soberanía popular debe ser ejercida de acuerdo con las reglas constitucionales. Por tanto, debe excluirse una revisión de la Constitución adoptada directamente por el pueblo y sin intervención del Parlamento.
Pero, incluso si hasta el momento el Parlamento no ha aprobado ninguna reforma importante de la Constitución, Italia sigue interesada en un importante cambio constitucional recurriendo a la aprobación substancial del pueblo.
En relación con estas cuestiones, el autor se apoya en la teoría de los cambios constitucionales elaborada por Bruce ACKERMAN a partir de los importantes cambios constitucionales que el sistema político de los Estados Unidos ha conocido al margen del procedimiento de revisión establecido por la Constitución. En este contexto se hace referencia a la creciente relevancia en el ordenamiento jurídico italiano de la adhesión de Italia a la Comunidad Europea. Se han restringido las funciones de poder del Estado, el libre mercado está siendo sustituyendo poco a poco a la dirección pública de la economía, el Derecho europeo da cada día mayor importancia a los derechos y libertades de los ciudadanos.
Todos estos cambios han tenido lugar sin una revisión constitucional mediante actos parlamentarios cuya conformidad con el derecho haya sido justificada por el Tribunal Constitucional sobre la base del artículo 11 de la Constitución que permite limitaciones a la soberanía nacional a fin de establecer un orden internacional pacífico.
Obviamente, a pesar de sus propios precedentes, el Tribunal Constitucional podría cambiar su parecer limitando la relevancia interna del Derecho europeo. Pero el autor subraya dos importantes hechos que podrían hacer que el Tribunal Constitucional no cambiara su opinión : por un lado, la existencia de convenciones y usos constitucionales subrayados por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal y que afectan incluso a la producción del Derecho en el ordenamiento jurídico italiano, y, por otro lado, el crecimiento de la influencia de la globalización económica.
Historique de la Chambre des lords
Authors: Gibson Elisabeth 
Published: January 2024

Si Fidée dEtat comme entité abstraite est une évidence en France, elle est étrangère à la science politique britannique qui fonctionne autour du concept de "crown Y couronne", symbole du pouvoir exécutif suprême exercé au nom du monarque. Par contre, Fidée de nation est apparue plus tôt en Grande-Bretagne que partout ailleurs en Europe. Si après la conquête normande, les Anglais firent partie intégrante du monde féodal issu de la civilisation française, vers la fin du Moyen Age et surtout sous les TUDOR, ils affirmèrent leur individualité dans tous les domaines. La nation s'est exprimée dans une assemblée représentative de F aristocratie, de la haute bourgeoisie, puis s'est étendue aux classes moyennes au XIXe siècle et à F ensemble de la population au XXe siècle. Son originalité réside dans le fait que la loyauté des sujets-citoyens s'est partagée clairement après la "Glorious Revolution" de 1688 entre la figure monarchique devenue symbolique et le Parlement qui détient le pouvoir réel. C'est en effet cette révolution de nature conservatrice qui a opéré le transfert de la souveraineté interne du monarque au Parlement.
L'histoire britannique a réuni sous Fautorité et la compétence législative dun seul Parlement quatre nations. Mais aujourdhui, F identité nationale britannique est menacée par le haut avec F intégration européenne et par le bas avec les nationalismes celtes qui font que le royaume est de moins en moins uni. En effet, les mutations institutionnelles initiées par T. BLAIR orientent le Royaume-Uni vers une large dévolution des pouvoirs aux nations qui le composent. Ce processus à F œuvre ne sera pas sans répercussions importantes pour le Parlement de Westminster, car il met en place des Chambres parlementaires élues au suffrage universel direct.
Il semble que jamais la Chambre des lords n'ait été autant menacée ; dessence aristocratique elle était fondée sur Fhérédité et non sur une représentation territoriale. La loi de 1999 prévoyant la suppression des pairs héréditaires a eu raison de sa légitimité historique. Depuis elle est à la recherche dune nouvelle légitimité. Or peut -il exister une légitimité autre que celle issue des urnes ?
Enfin, existe-il une seconde Chambre en tant que telle en Angleterre aujourdhui, puisque la Chambre des lords actuelle est une chambre de transition, même si F avant-projet de loi du gouvernement du mois de novembre, "The House of Lords : Completing the Reform"/ 11 L'achèvement de la réforme", marque rentrée dans la seconde phase du processus de démocratisation et de modernisation de la Chambre haute.
Démocratie, Etat et Union Européenne dans la proposition de statut politique de la Communauté d' Euskadi
Authors: Garcia Herrera Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2024

La proposition de statut politique pour la Communauté d'Euskadi est un assemblage mêlant statut d'autonomie et Constitution. Elle associe les contenus propres à l'organisation régionale à ceux qui touchent à l'organisation de l'Etat. Débordant son contenu spécifique, elle entre dans des matières qui ne sont guère de son domaine d'attribution et propose simultanément un ordre des autonomies et un ordre étatique.
Cette juxtaposition désordonnée et nullement respectueuse de l'ordre juridique entraîne de nombreuses difficultés au plan du droit. Les aspects analysés clans le présent travail sont au nombre de trois. En premier lieu, le mélange des contenus empêche de soutenir la thèse consistant à présenter le statut politique comme une réforme statutaire selon les termes de l'article 46 EAPV. En ce qui concerne la procédure, nous exposons deux objections : d'un point de vue formel, elle doit se conformer aux prescriptions de la révision de la constitution ; d'un point de vue matériel, l'analyse qu'elle défend équivaut à méconnaître le concept de Constitution démocratique basée sur une idée de consensus concernant les règles fondamentales de la vie en société. Or, le projet de statut se base sur une dialectique majorité/minorité et sur la confrontation avec l'Etat.
De plus, nous analysons les relations avec l'Etat, ce qui nous amène à analyser le concept de citoyenneté et le fait de vider de leur contenu les compétences de l'Etat au profit de la Communauté d'Euskadi. Enfin, nous considérons qu 'il se produit une inadéquation entre la réglementation proposée sur la présence des Régions dans l'ordre de l'Union et le contenu des articles
Evaluación de la cartera de crédito de una cooperativa de ahorro y crédito, Ecuador
Authors: Caguana-Mayancela Estefania Dolores , Ordoñez-Laso Ana Luisa-del-Rocio 
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la cartera de crédito de una cooperativa de ahorro y crédito, Ecuador. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio descriptivo, permitiendo la caracterización de la realidad de la cooperativa en términos crediticios, en base a la opinión de los asesores de crédito y de los socios. Los resultados evidenciaron que la cartera de microcrédito presenta un 2% de morosidad, es la más alta comparada con la cartera de consumo; en cuanto a la capacitación toman en cuenta la participación de los funcionarios; sin embargo, en el caso de los usuarios y transportistas es escasa, por cuanto la gestión socialmente responsable de la empresa se verá limitada. Como conclusión, la empresa necesita diseñar y difundir estrategias de gestión sustentadas en prácticas socialmente responsables, considerar las opiniones y necesidades de sus grupos de interés internos y externos, así como motivar su participación en los proyectos y programas.
Fortalecimiento de la identidad cultural en niños de cuarto grado a través de talleres de danza
Authors: Casas Vásquez Gladys Katheryn , Alfaro Echevarría Julia Dalila 
Published: January 2024

La pérdida de la identidad cultural en niños es un problema que aqueja en la actualidad. Es por ello que este estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar talleres de danza para mejorar la identidad cultural en niños de cuarto grado de primaria, el mismo que se sustenta en las teorías del aprendizaje sociocultural y el de las inteligencias múltiples.
Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-propositivo, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental, la muestra fue de 20 estudiantes, seleccionado con un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, teniendo como resultado que más del 50% de los encuestados se encuentran en nivel bajo y muy bajo en identidad cultural. Por tanto, se proponen los talleres de danza como solución pertinente. Como resultado, tras aplicar la propuesta académica se espera lograr la mejora de la identidad cultural de todos los estudiantes participantes de los talleres y que a través de la danza folclórica conozcan y valoren su cultura. El impacto de esta investigación es científico, por lo novedoso dando pie a distintas investigaciones próximas; educativo al promover el desarrollo de habilidades en los agentes educativos y social porque contribuye a la sociedad en general.
Pengaruh Durasi, Suhu dan Rasio Reaktan Reaksi Transesterifikasi pada Kualitas Biodesel dari Minyak Biji Kesambi (Schleichera Oleosa Lour)
Authors: Wati Ida , Pertiwi Dyah Setyo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Kesambi oil (Schleichera oleosa Lour) is one of the potential raw materials for biodiesel production. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the process of making biodiesel from kesambi seed oil. Cassava seed oil was reacted with methanol, with a mass ratio of 7:2 using KOH as catalyst with 1%-ww of catalyst. The reaction was carried out using a stirred reactor operated for at a stirring speed with a reaction time of 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes, with temperature variations of 55oC and 60oC. The quality of biodiesel was measured by viscosity, density, acid number and iodine number; while the transesterification performance was measured by % yield. Temperature and reaction time that provided biodiesel that met SNI 7182:2012 and gave the highest yield used for further experiments, it was best to re-produce biodiesel with a ratio of reactants mass ratio of kesambi seed oil and methanol 7:1,5;7:2, 5; and 7:3. Parameters measured were viscosity, density, acid number, iodine number and %yield. The biodiesel yield obtained at a temperature of 55oC with a reaction time of 60 minutes with a reactant ratio of 7:2, and at a reaction time of 90 minutes with a reactant ratio of 7:1,5, 7:2, 7:2.5 and 7:3 had density, viscosity, acid number and iodine number. met SNI 7182:2012,. %Yield with a reactant ratio of 7:2.5 is 92.07%, and transesterification at a temperature of 60oC did not produce biodiesel that met SNI 7182:2012.

Keywords: biodiesel, reaction duration, reactant ratio, reaction temperature.
Etnik Nusantara Modern Terminal Bus Tipe A Cijulang Pangandaran
Authors: Iman Muflihul , P Maulana Dian , Ryandona Egga 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
West Java is one of the regions in Indonesia with a variety of extraordinary tourist destinations. The attraction of destinations in West Java can invite local and international tourists to come to visit. Pangandaran is one of the regencies in West Java Province. The area of Pangandaran Regency is 168,509 hectares, with the greatest potential of Pangandaran Regency is tourism both beach and river attractions. Seeing the number of tourist attractions in Pangandaran Regency, the number of tourists reached 3.6 million tourist visits to tourist attractions in Pangandaran. The large number of private vehicle users that cause congestion is caused by inadequate infrastructure facilities in Pangandaran Regency such as public transportation, namely bus transportation. Currently, the terminal facilities owned by the Pangandaran Regency government only have 3 terminals with the condition of the bus terminal is very worrying, not managed properly, does not facilitate to existing tourist areas, and there are no terminal facilities that function to serve intercity transportation between provinces (AKAP). Therefore, Cijulang Pangandaran Type A Bus Terminal presents a Modern Ethnic Nusantara concept to introduce and preserve the Ethnic Nusantara in West Java.
Keywords : Bus Terminal, Cijulang Pangandaran, Ethnic Nusantara Modern
Peningkatkan QoS Layanan Video Call dengan Metode DASTFBC Sistem MIMO2x2 pada Jaringan LTE
Authors: Irmayani Irmayani 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
The DASTFBC (Diagonal Algebraic Space Time Frequency Block Code) method is a coding scheme that utilizes different diversity sources, namely space, time and frequency. This method is one method that can be used to improve video call services. The DASTFBC method uses a rotation matrix in the DAST code which is formed using algebraic number field theory. The code matrix structure consists of rotated information symbols, expanded using a square diagonal code matrix. This method is used to overcome signal power fluctuations at the receiver which cause the service quality to decrease (not comply with) BER video call standards. The DASTFBC method is applied to the LTE network MIMO system with 64 QAM modulation. This method will be simulated in the Matlab program to obtain results to improve video call services. The DASTFBC method simulation of BER was carried out for 4 user speed scenarios, namely 5km/hour, 40km/hour, 100km/hour, 120km/hour. Significant results of the DASTFBC method can already be seen when the user moves at 40km/ hour. With this method, a smaller BER value is obtained, namely 2x10-4, this shows that with the DASTFBC method the video call BER standard (10-3) can be met. The value of BER obtained when using DASTFBC with a speed of 120km/h is 8.5x10-3 this value almost exceeds the standard BER video call. So that the maximum speed of the user when using the DASTFBC method is 120km/h above that speed the standard value of the BER video call cannot be fulfilled.
Keywords: video call, LTE network, MIMO, DASTFBC
Investigation of the low-temperature exposure effect on the water activity of food products
Authors: Ermolaev Vladimir A. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The activity of water is an integral characteristic of the moisture condition in a product, by which one can assess the correctness of various technological processes, as well as predict the shelf life of the product. Existing studies on the activity of water in food products were conducted mostly for the positive temperature range. Little attention was paid to the study of the effects of low-temperature exposure on water activity.Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of water activity in food products at various temperatures. Such an approach will allow predicting the shelf life of food products and optimizing the development of methods for controlling the functional and technological characteristics of food raw materials.Materials and Methods: The objects of research were: beef chilled according to GOST R 52427-2005, chilled pork, chilled mutton, fresh cucumbers, fresh carrots, fresh tomatoes, fresh parsley greens, dill greens, green onion greens. Two installations were used to analyze the water activity in the research objects: designed at the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy, and the LabSwift-aw water activity analyzer. Experiments were conducted for fresh, chilled, and frozen products at various temperatures.Results: A design of a homemade installation that can be used to measure water activity is presented. The accuracy of this installation's measurements is experimentally proven. An analysis of water activity in fresh, chilled, and frozen products has been conducted. The water activity of fresh products was within the range of 0.954-0.995. It was found that with the same moisture content, the water activity can vary slightly, which is due to the difference in the chemical composition of the product and the salt content. It was established that chilling products from 22 to 6°C leads to a decrease in water activity by an average of 2%. Freezing to a temperature of -5°C results in a further reduction of water activity by an average of 0.03 units. Lowering the freezing temperature from -5°C to -10°C, -20°C, -30°C, and -40°C results in a reduction of water activity by an average of 0.04, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.05 units, respectively. Based on experimental data, mathematical dependencies of water activity on the freezing temperature for all studied products were derived.Conclusion: Water activity has important theoretical and practical significance, and the results of the research can be useful in predicting the shelf life of food products and developing methods to control the functional and technological characteristics of food raw materials.
ДЕТСКО-РОДИТЕЛЬСКИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ КАК ФАКТОР ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Трубникова Наталья Ивановна 
Published: January 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема эмоционального благополучия детей. Проанализированы показатели эмоционального благополучия детей. Представлены результаты исследования влияния типа детско-родительских отношений на эмоциональное благополучие детей дошкольного возраста.
The article considered the problem of the emotional well-being of children. Indicators of emotional well-being of children were analyzed. The results of the study of the influence of the type of child-parent relationship on the emotional well-being of preschool children are presented.