bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA topoisomerase IIα predicts progression‐free and overall survival in pediatric malignant non‐brainstem gliomas
Authors: Bredel Markus , Pollack Ian F. , Hamilton Ronald L. , Birner Peter , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Zentner Josef 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMalignant non‐brainstem glioma (MNBG) is a rare pediatric brain tumor. The prognosis for children harboring this lesion remains largely unpredictable. Assessment of histologic features alone only provides a marginal insight into the biologic behavior of these lesions. Hence, the identification of novel molecular markers capable of characterizing these lesions more accurately with respect to their biologic aggressiveness is definitely needed. Our current study examined the expression of nuclear DNA topoisomerase IIα (TIIα), a novel marker of cell cycle turnover and a determinant of tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy, in a series of 17 archival pediatric MNBGs. TIIα expression was found to extend over a wide range in the study cohort (3.9–69.1%). A cutoff labeling index of 12% was found to define 2 prognostic subgroups (TIIα <12vs.≥12) with profoundly different 5‐year progression‐free survival (60%vs.8%;p= 0.0108, log‐rank test) and overall survival (100%vs.8%;p= 0.0038) rates. TIIα expression was significantly linked to MIB‐1 antibody labeling of the Ki‐67 nuclear antigen (R= 0.919,p< 0.001). A high TIIα labeling index remained associated with short progression‐free survival (p= 0.022) and overall survival (p= 0.022) in multivariate analysis (Cox regression). In conclusion, considering that TIIα expression was not related to histopathologic grade, biological characteristics as assessed by TIIα labeling may complement the information obtained by tumor morphology as a means of improving the accuracy of patient prognosis prediction. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrin α3 expression as a prognostic factor in colon cancer: Association with MRP‐1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82
Authors: Hashida Hiroki , Takabayashi Arimichi , Tokuhara Takahiro , Taki Toshihiko , Kondo Keiichi , Kohno Nobuoki , Yamaoka Yoshio , Miyake Masayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecently, we established that a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) MH8‐4 inhibits the motility of the colon cancer cell line RPMI4788 and that it recognizes integrin α3. In addition, we have also cloned the motility‐related protein‐1 (MRP‐1)/cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) as a metastasis suppressor molecule. We investigated integrin α3 expression in 114 resected colon cancers using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to evaluate whether these experimental results are of relevance in the prognosis of actual colon cancers. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation of integrin α3 with MRP‐1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82. Sixty patients (52.6%) were evaluated as integrin α3‐positive and 54 patients (47.4%) as integrin α3‐negative. Integrin α3 expression was associated with tumor status, lymph node status and pathologic stage. The overall and disease‐free survival rates for patients whose tumors were positive for integrin α3 were significantly higher than for those with integrin α3‐negative tumors (p< 0.001 andp< 0.001, respectively). This same tendency was observed in node‐negative patients (p= 0.007 andp= 0.001, respectively). Integrin α3 was found to be the significant prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model (p= 0.036). A correlation was found between integrin α3 with MRP‐1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 for stage I tumors. However, no correlation was found in stage III tumors. Our data seem to suggest that low expression of integrin α3 is a useful indicator of a poor prognosis for colon cancer patients and that colon cancer progresses following collapse of the complex formed by integrin α3 with MRP‐1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preferences for emigration among skilled citizens in Botswana
Authors: Campbell Eugene K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBotswana has enjoyed a buoyant economy since the 1980s, and this has made the country attractive to its citizens as well as immigrants from other countries. Although it exported large numbers of migrants to South Africa in the past, very few skilled nationals have left the country to work elsewhere. But, with increasing production of professional Batswana (citizens of Botswana) and limited employment opportunities, it is becoming ever more likely that emigration could soon be an important issue for policy‐makers. It is with this background that the Southern African Migration Project decided to conduct an empirical study in Botswana in 1998 to investigate the country's exposure to brain‐drain. The results indicate that economic dependency on skilled nationals is fairly high; this partly explains why many are dissatisfied with their income level even though salaries in Botswana are higher than in most African countries. Young people are more inclined to consider emigrating than their older counterparts. Being married serves to deter plans about emigration, while education contributes significantly to a preference to emigrate. The most important reason for contemplating becoming an international labour migrant is anxiety over the prospect of professional advancement. Equally important is the level of income. There is a need for the government to implement actions that would increase employees' confidence in fairness over individual professional and career enhancement. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coming of age: rethinking the role of children in population studies
Authors: McKendrick John H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChildren feature prominently in migration, fertility and mortality studies and are evident in those more broadly‐based geographies which consider the importance of population to socio‐economic and environmental issues. However, it is argued that the population geography of childhood is a mirage, in that children are ever‐present, but never really there. Trends toward the pursuit of ‘peopled’ population geographies and the emergence of a (social) geography of childhood provide contexts within which new population geographies involving children can emerge. Such geography holds out the prospect of enriching our understanding of population patterns and processes. To realise this goal necessitates a theoretical engagement with children and childhood. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and implementation of real‐time software‐based H.261 video codec
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shiung , Peng Yuan‐Yu , Chang Yung‐Tsang , Wang Jen‐Tse 
Published: August 2002

AbstractITU‐T H.261 is a video coding standard for videophone and video‐conferencing applications on LAN and ISDN, which requires a great amount of computing power for DCT and motion estimation, traditionally provided by hardware. Since motion estimation is a major problem in developing real‐time video codec, in this paper we propose a simple and fast motion estimation algorithm to reduce searching time. Mainly, a real‐time software‐based H.261 video codec is investigated and implemented, in which several fast methods such as programming technique and Intel MMX™ instruction are used to improve computing speed. The experimental results have demonstrated that our H.261 codec can compress video in CIF format over 30 fps and in QCIF at 105 fps, and can achieve a very high decoding rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 73–83, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10013
Graph models applied to specification, simulation, allocation, and scheduling of real‐time computer vision applications
Authors: Torres F. , Candelas F. A. , Puente S. T. , Ortiz F. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes how graph models are applied to specification, simulation, allocation, and scheduling of real‐time computer vision applications. Furthermore, we present a new environment that allows the user to specify a Computer Vision program using graphic schemes and evaluates allocation and scheduling methods for the schemes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 287–291, 2000
Attachment in low‐SES rural Appalachian infants: Contextual, infant, and maternal interaction risk and protective factors
Authors: Fish Margaret 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAttachment classifications were obtained for 95 low‐socioeconomic‐status (SES) rural Appalachian infants in the Strange Situation procedure at 15 months. The distribution of secure (B) and insecure (A, C, D) infants was similar to other low‐SES samples and significantly different from low‐risk samples. Levels of contextual and infant risk, together with maternal responsiveness to crying and pattern of sensitivity from 4 to 9 months, predicted attachment security. High social support, when examined as a protective factor, related to reduced contextual risk, but not to increased likelihood of security. Exploratory discriminant function analyses showed that infants in secure relationships differed in positive directions on contextual and maternal interactional factors. Insecure‐organized (A and C) infants experienced contextual and maternal interaction risks, while insecure‐disorganized (D) infants were best distinguished by infant characteristics, including greater likelihood of being male and low use of mother as a secure base at 9 months. ©2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Wrapped input selection using multilayer perceptrons for repeat‐purchase modeling in direct marketing
Authors: Viaene Stijn , Baesens Bart , Poel Dirk Van den , Dedene Guido , Vanthienen Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we try to validate existing theory on and develop additional insight into repeat‐purchase behavior in a direct marketing setting by means of an illuminating case study. The case involves the detection and qualification of the most relevant RFM (Recency, Frequency and Monetary) variables, using a neural network wrapper as our input pruning method. Results indicate that elimination of redundant and/or irrelevant inputs by means of the discussed input selection method allows us to significantly reduce model complexity without degrading the predictive generalization ability. It is precisely this issue that will enable us to infer some interesting marketing conclusions concerning the relative importance of the RFM predictor categories and their operationalizations. The empirical findings highlight the importance of a combined use of RFM variables in predicting repeat‐purchase behavior. However, the study also reveals the dominant role of the frequency category. Results indicate that a model including only frequency variables still yields satisfactory classification accuracy compared to the optimally reduced model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss function‐based evaluation of DSGE models
Authors: Schorfheide Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose a Bayesian econometric procedure for the evaluation and comparison of DSGE models. Unlike in many previous econometric approaches we explicitly take into account the possibility that the DSGE models are misspecified and introduce a reference model to complete the model space. Three loss functions are proposed to assess the discrepancy between DSGE model predictions and an overall posterior distribution of population characteristics that the researcher is trying to match. The evaluation procedure is applied to the comparison of a standard cash‐in‐advance (CIA) and a portfolio adjustment cost (PAC) model. We find that the CIA model has higher posterior probability than the PAC model and achieves a better in‐sample time series fit. Both models overpredict the magnitude of the negative correlation between output growth and inflation. However, unlike the PAC model, the CIA model is not able to generate a positive real effect of money growth shocks on aggregate output. Overall, the impulse response dynamics of the PAC model resemble the posterior mean impulse response functions more closely than the responses of the CIA model. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitroandin vivogenetic toxicology studies with diethylene glycol monohexyl ether
Authors: Ballantyne Bryan , Vergnes Jane S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDiethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DEGHE; CAS no. 112‐59‐4), an industrial chemical, was investigated for the potential to produce genotoxic effects using threein vitroand twoin vivotests. No mutagenic activity occurred in either the absence or presence of metabolic activation with aSalmonella typhimuriumreverse assay using strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. In a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) forward gene mutation test (HGPRT locus) there was an increase in the mutation frequencies, which were relatively small compared with the solvent control values, somewhat inconsistent between duplicate cultures and occurred particularly in the presence of metabolic activation. Linear regression analysis indicated a marginally significant trend for dosage versus mutation frequency, suggesting that DEGHE was weakly positive in this test. A sister chromatid exchange test in CHO cells showed no significant dosage‐related effects in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. A peripheral blood micronucleus test in mice by dosing with an intraperitoneal injection of DEGHE did not show any potential for DEGHE to increase the incidence of micronucleated polychromatophilic erythrocytes. In a first femoral bone marrow chromosome aberration test in the rat by peroral dosing, DEGHE did not cause any increase in aberrations for 12‐h and 24‐h samples with males and females or with females at 48‐h sampling. However, with males at 48 h the two lowest doses showed an increased number of aberrations, but not at the high doses. A repeat study in males with a larger number of doses and 24‐h and 48‐h samples did not replicate this finding. It is concluded that DEGHE may have limited weak mutagenic activityin vitrobut is devoid of clastogenic potential. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment, spreading, and matrix formation by human gingival fibroblasts on porous‐structured titanium alloy and calcium polyphosphate substrates
Authors: El Sayegh Tarek Y. , Pilliar Robert M. , McCulloch Christopher A. G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPorous calcium polyphosphate (CPP) structures represent promising resorbable implant systems that can promote anchorage to connective tissues. Previous studies focused on chondrocyte interactions with CPP, but there are limited data on interactions of soft connective tissue cells with these materials. We studied attachment, spreading, and matrix formation by human gingival fibroblasts when cultured on amorphous and crystalline CPP. Comparison with porous Ti6Al4V substrates of similar volume percent, porosity, and pore size distribution provided evaluations of fibroblast interactions with rapid, moderate, and nonbiodegradable systems, respectively. Cells were incubated on substrates in medium containing ascorbic acid and evaluated at 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after plating. Attached cell counts, cytoplasmic actin filament area, and immunostained extracellular type 1 collagen or fibronectin were quantified by morphometric analyses using epifluorescence microscopy. Cell morphology and substrate interactions were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Spreading, attachment, and matrix production were similar for both CPP substrates. In contrast, titanium alloy substrates exhibited threefold more attachment and twofold more spreading than CPP substrates. The area per cell of immunostained extracellular collagen and fibronectin was similar for the three different substrates. The results indicate that the crystallinity and, hence, degradation rate of CPP substrates does not substantially affect the interactions of fibroblasts with CPP materials but that compared with titanium alloy substrates, spreading and attachment are inhibited. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 482–492, 2002
Adverse reactions associated with mobile therapeutic apheresis:Analysis of 17,940 procedures
Authors: Kiprov Dobri D. , Golden Patricia , Rohe Regina , Smith Sheila , Hofmann Jan , Hunnicutt John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to evaluate the nature and frequency of adverse reactions associated with Therapeutic Apheresis (TA), database information from two large mobile apheresis services was analyzed. A total of 17,940 procedures performed on 3,583 patients were studied using an Access Database. Seventy percent (12,558) of the procedures were performed on a Fresenius AS104 blood cell separator and 30% (5,382) were performed on a COBE Spectra. The five most commonly treated diseases were Guillain‐Barre Syndrome (25%), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (20%), myasthenia gravis (18%), the hyperviscosity syndrome (12%), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (9%). All patients received calcium gluconate supplement during the procedures. Cardiac monitoring was used during 80% of the procedures and blood pressure monitoring was used during all procedures. All procedures were supervised by a physician. Both apheresis services fully comply with the ASFA Guidelines for Therapeutic Apheresis Providers. Adverse reactions occurred in 3.9% of all procedures. The following adverse reactions were documented: reactions related to ACD toxicity (3%), vasovagal reactions (0.5%), vascular access related complications (0.15%), reactions related to FFP (0.12%), hepatitis B from FFP (0.06%), arrhythmias (0.01%), hemolysis due to inappropriate dilution of 25% albumin (0.01%), and one death (from underlying disease) during a TA procedure (0.006%). These data demonstrate that therapeutic apheresis is associated with a low rate of side effects when performed by well‐trained and certified nurses under the direction of experienced physicians, even in the diverse setting of large mobile therapeutic apheresis programs. J Clin Apheresis 16:130–133, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cepharanthine activates caspases and induces apoptosis in Jurkat and K562 human leukemia cell lines
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Suzuki Haruhiko , Zhou Yan‐Wen , Liu Wei , Yoshihara Motoi , Kato Masashi , Akhand Anwarul A. , Hayakawa Akemi , Takeuchi Kei , Hossain Khaled , Kurosawa Mio , Nakashima Izumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCepharanthine (CEP) is a known membrane stabilizer that has been widely used in Japan for the treatment of several disorders such as anticancer therapy‐provoked leukopenia. We here report that apoptosis was induced by low concentrations (1–5 μM) of CEP in a human leukemia T cell line, Jurkat, and by slightly higher concentrations (5–10 μM) in a human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K562, which expresses a p210 antiapoptotic Bcr‐Abl fusion protein. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed in both Jurkat and K562 cells by DNA fragmentation and typical apoptotic nuclear change, which were preceded by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and were induced through a Fas‐independent pathway. CEP treatment induced activation of caspase‐9 and ‐3 accompanied by cleavage of PARP, Bid, lamin B1, and DFF45/ICAD in both Jurkat and K562 cells, whereas caspase‐8 activation and Akt cleavage were observed only in Jurkat cells. The CEP‐induced apoptosis was completely blocked by zVAD‐fmk, a broad caspase inhibitor. Interestingly, CEP treatment induced remarkable degradation of the Bcr‐Abl protein in K562 cells, and this degradation was prevented partially by zVAD‐fmk. When used in combination with a nontoxic concentration of herbimycin A, lower concentrations (2–5 μM) of CEP induced obvious apoptosis in K562 cells with rapid degradation or decrease in the amount of Bcr‐Abl and Akt proteins. Our results suggest that CEP, which does not have bone marrow toxicity, may possess therapeutic potential against human leukemias, including CML, which is resistant to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 200–214, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bcl‐2 overexpression decreases BCNU sensitivity of a human glioblastoma line through enhancement of catalase activity
Authors: Del Bufalo Donatella , Trisciuoglio Daniela , Biroccio Annamaria , Marcocci Lucia , Buglioni Simonetta , Candiloro Antonio , Scarsella Marco , Leonetti Carlo , Zupi Gabriella 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of bcl‐2 in 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU) sensitivity of the ADFS human glioblastoma cell line in vitro and in vivo. To this end, the ADFS line expressing a low level of the bcl‐2 protein was transfected with a bcl‐2 expression vector. We found that bcl‐2 overexpressing clones were less sensitive to in vitro BCNU treatment than the control clone. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that while BCNU induced a consistent block in S/G2‐M phases of the cell cycle in the control clone, it did not affect the cell cycle phase distribution of the two bcl‐2 transfectants. The different sensitivity to BCNU was unrelated to the ability of bcl‐2 to inhibit apoptosis, while bcl‐2 appeared to protect bcl‐2 transfectants from BCNU toxicity through an increase of catalase activity. The ability of the catalase inhibitor, sodium azide, to increase the BCNU sensitivity of the bcl‐2 transfectants to levels of the BCNU‐treated control clone substantiated the role of the catalase activity. The effect of bcl‐2 in reducing sensitivity to BCNU was also confirmed by in vivo experiments. Xenografts of bcl‐2 overexpressing tumors were less sensitive to BCNU treatment than xenografts originating from control cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 473–483, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential gene expression of cultured human osteoblasts
Authors: Shur I. , Lokiec F. , Bleiberg I. , Benayahu Dafna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHuman cells with osteogenic capacity were studied for differential gene expression. In the first part of the study we compared gene expression of marrow stroma cells (MSC) in comparison to matured osteoblasts cultured from trabecular bone (TBC) that were analyzed by RT‐PCR for series of messages. High expression was detected for PTH‐r, TGFb1 and biglycan in TBC compared to MSC's. The messages for c‐MYC, IL‐6, IL‐11, M‐CSF, osteonectin, and osteocalcin were expressed at the same level in the two populations of cells. In the second part of the study, we analyzed gene expression within the MSC derived from 25 donors (2.5–49 years old) with respect to donors' age and gender. Increased message levels for M‐CSF and biglycan were measured in correlation with age of the donors. Gender differences did not affect the expression of cytokines studied (IL‐6, IL‐11, MCSF, TGFb1). We investigated the effect of Dexamethasone treatment on MSC and monitored an increased expression of IL‐11, M‐CSF, biglycan, and osteocalcin messages. This study employs primary cell systems (MSC and TBC) to illustrate differential gene expression by osteoblastic cells. The expression was correlated with maturation status of the cells with respect to differences between donors. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 547–553, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient parallel algorithm for the calculation of canonical MP2 energies
Authors: Baker Jon , Pulay Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present the parallel version of a previous serial algorithm for the efficient calculation of canonical MP2 energies (Pulay, P.; Saebo, S.; Wolinski, K. Chem Phys Lett 2001, 344, 543). It is based on the Saebo–Almlöf direct‐integral transformation, coupled with an efficient prescreening of the AO integrals. The parallel algorithm avoids synchronization delays by spawning a second set of slaves during the bin‐sort prior to the second half‐transformation. Results are presented for systems with up to 2000 basis functions. MP2 energies for molecules with 400–500 basis functions can be routinely calculated to microhartree accuracy on a small number of processors (6–8) in a matter of minutes with modern PC‐based parallel computers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1150–1156, 2002