bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Protection and Targeted Delivery of DNA Origami with a Disulfide‐Containing Cationic Polymer
Authors: Youssef Sarah , Tsang Emily , Samanta Anirban , Kumar Vipin , Gothelf Kurt V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDNA nanostructures have considerable biomedical potential as intracellular delivery vehicles as they are highly homogeneous and can be functionalized with high spatial resolution. However, challenges like instability under physiological conditions, limited cellular uptake, and lysosomal degradation limit their use. This paper presents a bio‐reducible, cationic polymer poly(cystaminebisacrylamide‐1,6‐diaminohexane) (PCD) as a reversible DNA origami protector. PCD displays a stronger DNA affinity than other cationic polymers. DNA nanostructures with PCD protection are shielded from low salt conditions and DNase I degradation and show a 40‐fold increase in cell‐association when linked to targeting antibodies. Confocal microscopy reveals a potential secondary cell uptake mechanism, directly delivering the nanostructures to the cytoplasm. Additionally, PCD can be removed by cleaving its backbone disulfides using the intracellular reductant, glutathione. Finally, the application of these constructs is demonstrated for targeted delivery of a cytotoxic agent to cancer cells, which efficiently decreases their viability. The PCD protective agent that is reported here is a simple and efficient method for the stabilization of DNA origami structures. With the ability to deprotect the DNA nanostructures upon entry of the intracellular space, the possibility for the use of DNA origami in pharmaceutical applications is enhanced.
Engineering 0D/2D Architecture of Ni(OH)2 Nanoparticles on Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets for Selective Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ma Fangpei , Wen Ying , Fu Ping , Zhang Junjun , Tang Qingping , Chen Tao , Luo Wen , Zhou Yu , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional materials serving as photocatalysts favor providing abundant unsaturated active sites and shortening the charge transport distance, but the high surface energy readily causes the aggregation that limits their application. Herein, it is demonstrated that 2D covalent organic framework (COF) TpBD nanosheets are effective in the dispersion and stabilization of 0D Ni(OH)2. The COF precursor TpBD is synthesized from the Schiff base condensation of 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and benzidine (BD) and exfoliated into 2D nanosheets named BDNs via ultrasonication. The formation of highly dispersive 0D Ni(OH)2 on BDNs is reached under a mild weak basic condition, enabling robust active sites for CO2 adsorption/activation and rapid interface cascaded electron transport channels for the accumulation of long‐lived photo‐generated charges. The champion catalyst 30%Ni‐BDNs effectively catalyze the CO2 to CO conversion under visible‐light irradiation, offering a high CO evolution rate of 158.4 mmol g−1 h−1 and turnover frequency of 51 h−1. By contrast, the counterpart photocatalyst, the bulk TpBD stabilized Ni(OH)2, affords a much lower CO evolution rate and selectivity. This work demonstrates a new avenue to simultaneously construct efficient active sites and electron transport channels by coupling 0D metal hydroxides and 2D COF nanosheets for CO2 photoreduction.
Eosinophil extracellular traps in respiratory ailment: Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical translation
Authors: Wu Shun‐Yu , Cai Bo‐Yu , Wang Tian‐Yu , Cao Zhi‐Wen , Peng Hu , Liu Huan‐Hai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular complexes comprising deoxyribonucleic‐Acid (DNA) fibers and granule proteins.AimsEETs play a crucial role in antimicrobial host responses and are pathogenic when overproduced or under degraded. EETs created by eosinophils appear to enable vital immune responses against extra‐cellular pathogens, nevertheless, trap overproduction is evident in pathology.Materials & MethodsAs considerably research is performed, new data affirmed that EETs can alter the outcome of respiratory ailment.ResultsWe probe into the disclosure and specificity of EETs produced in reaction to various stimuli and propose a role for those frameworks in ailment pathogenesis and the establishment of chronic, unresolved inflammation.DiscussionWhether EETs can be used as a prospective brand‐new target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of respiratory ailments is a scientific theme worth studying.ConclusionWe probe into the disclosure and specificity of EETs produced in reaction to various stimuli and propose a role for those frameworks in ailment pathogenesis and the establishment of chronic, unresolved inflammation.
Global research trends in tumor stem cell-derived exosomes and tumor microenvironment: visualization biology analysis
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Wang Gang , Yun Zhangjun , Li Yanbo , Huang Bohao , Jin Qian , Chen Yue , Xu Luchun , Lv Wenliang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bankground
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an internal environment composed of various cells and an extracellular matrix. Cancer stem cell-derived exosomes (CSC-Exos), as essential messengers involved in various tumor processes, are important carriers for bidirectional communication between the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells and play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, few bibliometric analyses have been systematically studied in this field.

Methods
Therefore, we aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends in this field through bibliometrics to comprehend the future evolution of fundamental and clinical research, as well as to offer insightful information and fresh viewpoints. The Scopus database was used to search the research literature related to exosomes and tumor microenvironments after the establishment of this repository. CiteSpace (version 5.8.R3) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.16) were used for visualization and analysis.

Results
In this study, a total of 2077 articles and reviews were included, with the number of articles on exosomes and tumor microenvironments significantly increasing yearly. Recent trends showed that the potential value of exosomes as “tumor diagnostics” and “the application prospect of exosomes as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers” will receive more attention in the future.

Conclusions
We revealed the current status and hotspots of tumor stem cell-derived exosomes and tumor microenvironments globally through bibliometrics. The prospect of the regulatory role of CSC-Exos in TME, the potential value of diagnosis, and the application of drug delivery vectors will all remain cutting-edge research areas in the field of tumor therapy. Meanwhile, this study provided a functional literature analysis for related researchers.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Runtime Verification
Authors: Deshmukh Jyotirmoy , Ničković Dejan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRuntime verification (RV) refers to methods for formal reasoning about all aspects of the dynamic execution of systems, including hardware, software, and cyber-physical systems. RV includes techniques to assess and enforce correctness of a system against systemic bugs or extrinsic uncertainties. These methods are typically considered lightweight as they may not involve exhaustive verification or proofs, but they provide a higher level of rigor and versatility compared to conventional testing methods. This article introduces the extended versions of selected papers from the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV 2020). RV 2020 was supposed to be held in Los Angeles, California, USA in July 2020, but was instead held virtually due to the global Covid-19 pandemic.
Intraspecific variation of morphological traits backed up with molecular evidence votes for re-appraisal of hitherto distinguished Balaustium species—a case study of Balaustium murorum (Acariformes: Parasitengona, Erythraeidae)
Authors: Mąkol Joanna , Felska Magdalena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMolecular examination of representatives of Balaustium from several populations in SW Poland, performed using the sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, confirmed their common specific affiliation and identity with Balaustium murorum. The potential presence of distinct species in the studied material, preliminarily inferred from the discovery of clusters as a result of Principal Component Analysis exploring the metric data sets, was rejected due to the finding of only one haplotype, at intra- and inter-population sampling. An insight into meristic traits in larvae, focused on chaetotaxy of legs, revealed wider variation than hitherto recognized for the species. The variation was higher in laboratory-reared larvae compared to field-collected ones. The overall deviations from the mean character values at intra- and interpopulation levels, higher than hitherto observed for the species, vote for the reappraisal of the criteria adopted for discrimination of members of Balaustium with the application of an integrative approach.
Automated feedback for participants of hands-on cybersecurity training
Authors: Švábenský Valdemar , Vykopal Jan , Čeleda Pavel , Dovjak Ján 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComputer-supported learning technologies are essential for conducting hands-on cybersecurity training. These technologies create environments that emulate a realistic IT infrastructure for the training. Within the environment, training participants use various software tools to perform offensive or defensive actions. Usage of these tools generates data that can be employed to support learning. This paper investigates innovative methods for leveraging the trainee data to provide automated feedback about the performed actions. We proposed and implemented feedback software with four modules that are based on analyzing command-line data captured during the training. The modules feature progress graphs, conformance analysis, activity timeline, and error analysis. Then, we performed field studies with 58 trainees who completed cybersecurity training, used the feedback modules, and rated them in a survey. Quantitative evaluation of responses from 45 trainees showed that the feedback is valuable and supports the training process, even though some features are not fine-tuned yet. The graph visualizations were perceived as the most understandable and useful. Qualitative evaluation of trainees’ comments revealed specific aspects of feedback that can be improved. We publish the software as an open-source component of the KYPO Cyber Range Platform. Moreover, the principles of the automated feedback generalize to different learning contexts, such as operating systems, networking, databases, and other areas of computing. Our results contribute to applied research, the development of learning technologies, and the current teaching practice.
Reasonable standards and exculpating moral ignorance
Authors: Biebel Nathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is widely agreed that ignorance of fact exculpates, but does moral ignorance exculpate? If so, does it exculpate in the same way as non-moral ignorance? In this paper I will argue that on one family of views explaining exculpating non-moral ignorance also explains exculpating moral ignorance. The view can be loosely stated in the following way: ignorance counts as an excuse only if it is not the result of a failure to meet some applicable reasonable epistemic standard—call this the Reasonable Epistemic Standards Thesis and call views that accept some version of this principle reasonable standards views. I argue that any plausible reasonable standards view ought to allow that moral ignorance exculpates, at least sometimes, and defend such views against the charge that they are susceptible to clear counterexamples.
Reinforcement learning for sequential decision making in population research
Authors: Deliu Nina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been long recognized as powerful tools for optimal sequential decision making. The framework is concerned with a decision maker, the agent, that learns how to behave in an unknown environment by making decisions and seeing their associated outcome. The goal of the RL agent is to infer, through repeated experience, an optimal decision-making policy, i.e., a sequence of action rules that would lead to the highest, typically long-term, expected utility. Today, a wide range of domains, from economics to education and healthcare, have embraced the use of RL to address specific problems. To illustrate, we used an RL-based algorithm to design a text-messaging system that delivers personalized real-time behavioural recommendations to promote physical activity and manage depression. Motivated by the recent call of the UNECE for government-wide actions to adapt to population ageing, in this work, we argue that the RL framework may provide a set of compelling strategies for supporting population research and informing population policies. After introducing the RL framework, we discuss its potential in three population-study applications: international migration, public health, and fertility.
The Prospective Relationships between Dispositional Optimism and Subjective and Psychological Well-being in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Oriol Xavier , Miranda Rafael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptimism is a construct considered fundamental for human functioning and well-being; however, few studies link optimism to subjective and psychological well-being during childhood and adolescence. Therefore, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the prospective relationships between dispositional optimism, and subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) through a prospective study with 479 children aged 10.74 years old (SD = 0.72) and 503 adolescents aged 13.41 years old (SD = 1.09). Two cross-lagged models were calculated, one for each group, which responded the questionnaires in two waves one year apart from each other. The results of the first cross-lagged model with children show positive and prospective relationships between optimism (Time 1) and the cognitive and affective components of SWB (Time 2) and the indicator of PWB (Time 2). Equivalent results are observed in the cross-lagged model conducted with the adolescent sample. Finally, multi-group analysis was performed to evaluate the existence of gender-based invariance. The findings indicated variations between the models, notably, a more pronounced influence of optimism on psychological well-being was discerned among girls, encompassing both childhood and adolescence. The results were discussed, emphasizing the relevance of developing optimism as a dispositional trait at early ages.
The Influence of Sealing Processes and Machining Operations on the Scratch and Wear Resistance of Anodized AlSi9Cu3(Fe) Diecasting Alloy
Authors: Scampone Giulia , Timelli Giulio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effects of hydrothermal and cold sealing processes on the scratch and wear resistance of the anodic layer have been studied. High-pressure diecast AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy plates were anodized in a sulfuric acid electrolyte at 16°C and further sealed in boiled water or in a NiF2 solution at 25°C. To analyze the influence of pre-anodizing machining operations, the plates were studied in the as-diecast condition and after milling. Metallographic investigations and image analysis techniques were carried out to study the morphology and thickness of the anodic layer. Hardness, wear, and scratch measurements were also performed to characterize the surface mechanical properties. The results showed that the sealing processes enhanced the wear and scratch resistance of the anodized surfaces because of the precipitation of hydrates that sealed the surface porosity. The thicker oxide layer formed on the milled substrate led to a greater wear resistance compared to the as-diecast surface, owing to reduced wear of the underlying aluminum substrate. Finally, a cracked mechanically mixed layer, which was enriched with fragmented intermetallics and anodic layer debris, was formed on the anodized surfaces at the end of the wear tests.
The impact of climate litigation and activism on stock prices: the case of oil and gas majors
Authors: Kolaric Sascha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe issue of oil and gas companies’ contribution to climate change gained particular prominence on May 26, 2021. A Dutch court ordered Royal Dutch Shell to significantly reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, while shareholder votes at Exxon Mobile and Chevron succeeded in pushing for further emissions reductions. Together, these events signify a sudden increase in climate litigation and climate activism risk for global oil and gas companies. This study assesses investors' perception of these events by investigating oil and gas companies’ stock price reaction. The results show a significant negative impact on the stock prices for European and North American oil and gas firms, while firms located in other jurisdictions record slight gains. Higher environmental, social, and governance scores appear to mitigate the negative impact on European and North American oil and gas companies, primarily driven through better emissions related measures. The results highlight the adverse effect of increased climate litigation and climate activism risk on firm valuations.
Complex study of air pollution based on tree species in Vienna
Authors: Bibi Dina , Tőzsér Dávid , Sipos Bianka , Molnár Vanda Éva , Simon Edina , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlants are especially useful as biological indicators to assess air pollution and the effects of urbanisation. The aim of this study was to investigate tree species’ sensitivity to air pollution using the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), the dust content (PM10) of leaves, and the heavy metal concentration of leaves. Sampling sites were in a city park (urban area), a location on the edge of the city (suburban area), and a forested location (rural area) along an urbanisation gradient in the city of Vienna in Austria. Leaf samples were collected from Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, and Quercus robur tree species. The APTI was determined by measuring the content of relative water ascorbic acid and chlorophyll, and the pH of leaf extracts. We found significant difference among species in their relative water content, pH, and content of ascorbic acid and chlorophyll Additionally, we found significant differences in chlorophyll content and pH based on sampling site. The highest chlorophyll content was found in A. platanoides. There was a significant difference among species in Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, and Zn concentrations in each stage of urbanisation. Based on APTI values, the studied species were sensitive indicators of air pollution; thus, they are useful bioindicator species, and they are suitable for air pollution monitoring. We demonstrated the effects of urbanisation with these bioindicator species with elevated PM10, Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Sr, and Zn concentrations in urban area samples.
Graphical abstract
Acupuncture Ameliorates Depression-Like Behaviors Through Modulating the Neuroinflammation Mediated by TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Rats Exposed to Chronic Restraint Stress
Authors: Jiang Huili , Long Xianqi , Wang Yu , Zhang Xuhui , Chen Lu , Yang Xinjing , Zhao Bingcong , Zhang Ye , Chai Yemao , Bao Tuya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, emerging evidence has identified that stress-induced activation of neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the most prevalently precipitating factors in the pathogenesis of depression. Data from clinical trials and experimental findings has verified the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the mechanism of the preventive effect of acupuncture for depression has not been fully elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the preventive effect and mechanism of acupuncture through modulating the neuroinflammation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). All rats were subjected to CRS for 21 days, with the exception of rats in control group. One hour before CRS, rats in acupuncture group were exposed to acupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29). The depression-like behaviors were evaluated by body weight assessment and sucrose preference test at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days. The expression of activated microglia in hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of key proteins on TLR4 signaling pathway of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and mRNA of TLR4 in the hippocampus was detected by western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to investigate the effect of acupuncture on stress-induced activation of neuroinflammation. The present study provided evidence that acupuncture exerted potential preventive effect that might be mediated in part by suppressing the neuroinflammation induced by TLR4 signaling pathway, which may be a promising treatment target to improve current treatments for depression.
In-between the Identities: A Personal Reflection on Two Pride Parades in Spain and Turkey
Authors: Gürkan Hasan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPride parades, serving as platforms for celebrating diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, often operate within a society that upholds and reinforces heteronormative norms. This commentary intends to argue how these activities are shaped by the presence of restrictions and censorship and the prevalence of ignorance surrounding queer experiences. By conducting ethnographic observations at Pride parades in Turkey and Spain, I delve into participants’ lived experiences within these contexts. This approach sheds light on Pride parades’ positive and negative aspects. Through an analysis of the interplay between heteronormative influences, restrictions, censorship, and ignorance within the context of Pride parades, I aim to provide insight into the complexities and nuances that shape the experiences of queer individuals. This commentary contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced and the progress made in the ongoing struggle for queer liberation and acceptance.
Cavity detection using a pseudo-3D electric resistivity tomography at the Palaeolithic/Neolithic site of Scaloria Cave, Apulia, Italy: integrated assessment of synthetic and field data sets
Authors: Maerker M. , Rellini I. , Mucerino L. , Torrese P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA pseudo-3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey has been carried out to detect cavities at the Neolithic/Palaeolithic site of Grotta Scaloria, close to Manfredonia, Apulia, Italy. Scaloria Cave has a rich history of archaeological research of more than 80 years and is one of the most important Neolithic complexes in the Mediterranean. Synthetic data modelling allowed to check the adequacy of the geophysical method and to develop a proper experimental setup at the survey design stage. Indeed, the results of the field data inversion revealed high resistivity anomalies which can be related to cavities and provided a good definition of the main geological structures and boundaries. Moreover, the results suggest that unknown and speleological unexplored cavities are still present at the Scaloria Cave study site. These findings may provide further insights on pseudo-3D ERT applicability, particularly for cavity detection. Furthermore, the approach used in this study yields fruitful information for further archaeological survey design and for the interpretation of ERT investigations targeting similar geological features and structures.