bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Particle‐Wise Finite Element Strain Analysis for Discrete Displacement of Fold‐And‐Thrust Belt and Horst‐And‐Graben Models
Authors: An Soojung , So Byung‐Dal , Kim Hyun Na 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe granular behaviors of shallow Earth materials are associated with brittle deformations and mass transport along the surface and fault zones. Green strain has been adopted to quantitatively analyze the fold‐and‐thrust belt and horst‐and‐graben discrete element (DE) models driven by contractional and extensional forces, respectively. Deriving Green strain from DE models is challenging because of the need for precise mapping of the discrete particle displacement onto differentiable meshes. Here, we developed a new Green strain calculation methodology, the implicit global‐finite element method (IG‐FEM), which inverts a global matrix to reflect the interconnectivity of all particles. The IG‐FEM obtains strain quantities associated with particles to prevent an information loss, for example, displacement, at particle positions. We validated the accuracy of IG‐FEM compared to the conventional strain analysis scheme for DE model, finite difference method (FDM), by estimating the relative root mean square error from analytical solutions for a given mathematical transformation. On average, the IG‐FEM and the FDM show 2.8% and 17.4% relative root mean square errors, respectively. Furthermore, the strain quantities in the fold‐and‐thrust belt and horst‐and‐graben DE models were computed. The strain patterns of the IG‐FEM are more consistent with the particle spin distribution, which is noninterpolated information of the DE models. We present the potential benefits of the IG‐FEM for assessing strain‐related values such as stress, pore pressure, and seismic velocities within brittle deformation zones. The IG‐FEM is applicable in analog models and geodetic surveys to extract strain from discrete displacement data.
A High‐Resolution Digital Terrain Model Mosaic of the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Landing Site at Jezero Crater
Authors: Tao Yu , Walter Sebastian H. G. , Muller Jan‐Peter , Luo Yaowen , Xiong Siting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate the capabilities of a published MADNet monocular height estimation network in producing a refined digital terrain model (DTM) mosaic at 50 cm/pixel resolution for the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site in Jezero crater on Mars. Our approach utilizes the publicly available Mars 2020 Terrain Relative Navigation (TRN) High‐Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) mosaic, which was originally created by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Science Centre. Our resultant HiRISE MADNet DTM mosaic is strictly matched with the original HiRISE TRN DTM and orthoimage mosaics. These mosaics are themselves co‐aligned with the USGS TRN Context Camera (CTX) based DTM and orthoimage mosaics, as well as the ESA/DLR/FUB (European Space Agency/German Aerospace Center/Free University Berlin) High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) level 5 DTM and orthoimage mosaics. In this paper, we provide a brief description of the technical details, and present both visual and quantitative assessments of the refined MADNet HiRISE Jezero DTM mosaic product. This DTM product is now publicly available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-38359.
Effect of X‐Ray Computed Tomography Imaging Parameters on Quantification of Petrophysical Properties
Authors: Salek M. F. , Beckingham L. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) X‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) imaging has emerged as a nondestructive means of microstructural characterization. However, obtaining and processing high‐quality and high‐resolution images is time‐consuming and often requires high‐performance computing, particularly with a high number of projections. This work evaluates the effect of 3D X‐ray CT imaging parameters on pore connectivity and surface area quantification in sandstone samples of varied composition. Samples from Bentheimer and Torrey Buff formations are imaged via 3D X‐ray CT imaging at resolutions ranging from 1.25 to 15 μm, bin sizes 1, 2, and 4, and number of projections from 400 to 4,500. Collected images are processed and analyzed using ImageJ and MATLAB to discern petrophysical properties and the results are compared with each other and Mercury Intrusion Capillary Pressure (MICP) results. Overall, little variation in bulk porosity with changing scanning parameters is observed. However, for low resolution and projection numbers, connected porosity is lower compared to bulk porosity due to a failure to capture microfeatures. Overall, mineral surface area is observed to decrease with increasing bin size, voxel size, and projection numbers, except an observed increase with projection numbers for Torrey Buff. The Torrey Buff samples contains comparatively more clays and even the highest resolution (1.25 μm) fails to separate the micrograins, which is reflected in the pore size distribution. Identifying these variations are helpful as discrepancies in imaged pore connectivity and surface area can largely impact assessments of fluid flow and transport in reactive transport simulations informed by this data.
Systematic Occurrence Cycle of Typical RH‐Profiles During the MJO: Evidence for Ubiquitous Pre‐Moistening
Authors: Abraham Carsten , Goldblatt Colin , Matthews Adrian J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe describe how typical relative humidity (RH) profiles change systematically through the phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). We use 18 years of classified RH‐profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, clustered without prior knowledge of large‐scale dynamics or occurrence‐region. Occurrence probability (OP) anomalies of RH‐profiles classes exhibit classical MJO patterns: Large positive OP anomalies of the RH‐profile class with most moisture in the free troposphere are co‐located with the largest positive precipitation anomalies. About 10 days prior to this deep convective core large OP anomalies of a RH‐profile class occur consistent with lower atmospheric moistening, supporting a ubiquitous role of pre‐moistening in MJO propagation. Since each RH‐profile class is associated with distinct dynamics (most of which are subgrid‐scale to climate models) our results can serve as process‐based diagnostics to investigate parameterization shortcomings of climate models preventing them to simulate the MJO accurately.
Statistical Study of the Energetic Electron Microinjections at the High‐Latitude Magnetosphere
Authors: Liou Yu‐Lun , Nykyri Katariina , Kavosi Shiva , Ma Xuanye 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the formation of the seed population for the energetic electrons trapped within the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts has been under debate for decades. The magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail during the substorms is the main process of accelerating the electrons to the tens to hundreds of keV. These electrons are further injected toward the radiation belts, where they get further accelerated to relativistic energies. Recently, it has been suggested that another source could come from the dayside diamagnetic cavities where electrons and ions can be locally energized to hundreds of keV energies. It has been shown that the physical mechanism within the cavities can create a strong acceleration perpendicular to magnetic field, which can lead to temperature anisotropy and drift mirror instability. The electron fluxes localized within the troughs of the mirror mode waves exhibit the counter‐streaming “microinjection” signature. To investigate the origin of microinjections and their dependence on solar wind conditions, here we have performed an event search and a statistical study of their properties encompassing a total of ∼165 hr (47 microinjection events) of Magnetospheric Multiscale observations at the pre‐dusk sector high‐latitude boundary layer. The ultralow frequency range magnetic field fluctuations coincided with the counter‐streaming energetic electron fluxes. For most events, the interplanetary magnetic field was duskward and anti‐sunward; over 60% of these microinjections satisfy the criteria of the drift mirror instability, which indicates the temperature anisotropy could play an important role for the microinjection.
Ion Acceleration by Foreshock Bubbles: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations
Authors: Lee S. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Omidi N. , Silveira M. V. D. , Vu A. , Vines S. K. , Cohen I. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Wei H. , Russell C. T. , Burch J. L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractForeshock bubbles (FBs) occur when interplanetary magnetic field discontinuities encounter the Earth's foreshock. These transient (∼1 to 5 min) features exhibit depressed densities and magnetic field strengths, enhanced temperatures, and deflected plasma flows trailed by a region of enhanced plasma density and magnetic field strength. Ions can be accelerated inside the FBs through the Fermi acceleration process. Hybrid simulations and test particle calculations predict that the maximum energies of ions accelerated by FBs reach 5.6 times the solar wind ram energy (Esw). We identify 23 FBs from September 2015 to January 2020 Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft observations. Most FBs (17 of 23) occurred upstream of the dusk‐side bow shock and above the ecliptic. The FBs occurred for Alfvn Mach numbers ranging from 5 to 15, with 11 FBs having an Alfvn Mach number near 10. To investigate ion energization inside the cores of the FBs we compare the proton spectra observed by the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer and Energetic Ion Spectrometer before (upstream), during (core), and after (downstream) the FBs. The proton intensities at energies from Esw (the solar wind ram energy, ) up to about 5.6Esw are greater inside than outside 19 of 23 FBs, confirming that FBs can accelerate particles to these energies. The proton flux intensities at energies between Esw and 5.6Esw in the core of the FBs are consistent with results from global hybrid simulations for ion energization from FBs through second‐order Fermi acceleration.
Anomalous Sporadic‐E Enhancements and Field‐Aligned Irregularities at Low‐Latitudes During the Intense Geomagnetic Activities on 17–18 March 2015
Authors: Chen Gang , Yang Muchen , Yan Chunxiao , Hu Pengfei , Li Yaxian , Zhang Shaodong , Yang Guotao , Li Guozhu , Zhao Xiukuan , Gong Wanlin , Liu Zhengkuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDuring the intense geomagnetic activities on 17–18 March 2015, the anomalous enhancements of critical frequency of sporadic‐E (foEs) and field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) were recorded in the mid‐ and low‐latitude E‐region. The foEs peaks present good consistency with the occurrence of the FAIs. The AE and PC indices show the similar variation of five continuous peaks of 5‐hr period on 17 March, indicating it is the successive substorms responsible for the sequential Joule heating events. The equatorward wind surges due to the Joule heating in polar region transferred the 5‐hr period oscillations to the mid‐latitude Mesosphere and Low‐Thermosphere (MLT) atmosphere and even to the low‐latitude sporadic‐E (Es) layer. The 5‐hr oscillations emerged in the AE and PC indices, mid‐latitude MLT region winds, and low‐latitude foEs in sequence, indicating the disturbances were traveling equatorward and reached low‐latitude E‐region. The anomalous FAIs observed by the HCOPAR presented the descending and intermittent echo structures. The substorm‐related oscillations are considered to modulate the MLT region tidal winds and induce the anomalous sporadic‐E enhancements and FAIs through the wind‐shear instability.
A 1D Model for Nucleation of Ice From Aerosol Particles: An Application to a Mixed‐Phase Arctic Stratus Cloud Layer
Authors: Knopf Daniel A. , Silber Israel , Riemer Nicole , Fridlind Ann M. , Ackerman Andrew S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMixed‐phase clouds (MPCs) have been identified as significant contributors to uncertainties in climate projections, attributable to model representation of processes controlling the formation and loss of supercooled water droplets and ice particles from the atmosphere. Arctic MPCs are commonly widespread and long‐lived, with sustained ice crystal formation processes that challenge current understanding. This study examines the ice‐nucleating particle (INP) reservoir dynamics governing immersion‐mode heterogeneous freezing in an observed case of Arctic MPCs using a simplified 1D aerosol‐cloud model. The model setup includes prescribed dynamical forcings and thermodynamic profiles, and represents INPs as multicomponent and polydisperse particle size distributions. Diagnostic and prognostic approaches to immersion freezing parameterization are compared, including time‐independent (singular) number‐ and surface area‐based descriptions and a time‐dependent description following classical nucleation theory (CNT). The choice of freezing parameterization defines the size of the INP reservoir. The CNT‐based description yields an orders of magnitude larger INP reservoir than the singular parameterizations, which is the dominant factor for sustained ice crystal formation. The efficiency of the freezing process and cloud cooling are of secondary importance. A diagnostic treatment neglecting INP loss is only accurate when the INP reservoir size is large and INP depletion weak. Since a larger INP reservoir sustains ice crystal formation substantially longer, and ice water path scales with ice crystal concentrations for the conditions considered, resolving the source of differences in INP reservoir dynamics due to model implementation is a high priority for advancing climate model physics.
Restorative dentistry clinical decision-making for hypodontia: peg and missing lateral incisor teeth
Authors: Dolan Sean , Calvert Gareth , Crane Lynnsey , Savarrio Lee , P. Ashley Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeg-shaped and missing lateral incisor teeth are common features for patients affected by hypodontia. While improvements in dental appearance may be a strong motivating factor for these patients, providing dental treatment to improve the clinical condition and achieve an acceptable and stable outcome can be complex and lengthy.For patients affected by hypodontia, discussion and consideration of various approaches to their individual treatment are best achieved in a multidisciplinary team environment. This allows debate of options and joint agreement between at least orthodontic and restorative dentistry specialist colleagues, based largely on clinical factors, towards a treatment plan that is acceptable to the patient. As most patients with this lateral incisor form of hypodontia are initially treated as teenagers and young adults, there is also an understanding that treatment outcomes will have lifelong maintenance and resource implications to consider.This paper identifies and discusses the key clinical features that influence the treatment planning process for a patient with either missing or peg lateral incisor teeth. These will often involve consideration of whether to open or close the lateral incisor spaces and whether to restore or replace a peg lateral incisor tooth. The process should be patient-centred, evidence-based, and aim to minimise the lifelong treatment burden, retaining options for future maintenance and retreatment.
Genome-wide chromatin interaction map for Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Díaz-Viraqué Florencia , Chiribao María Laura , Libisch María Gabriela , Robello Carlos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrypanosomes are eukaryotic, unicellular parasites, such as Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness, and Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Genomes of these parasites comprise core regions and species-specific disruptive regions that encode multigene families of surface glycoproteins. Few transcriptional regulators have been identified in these parasites, and the role of spatial organization of the genome in gene expression is unclear. Here we mapped genome-wide chromatin interactions in T. cruzi using chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), and we show that the core and disruptive regions form three-dimensional chromatin compartments named C and D. These chromatin compartments differ in levels of DNA methylation, nucleosome positioning and chromatin interactions, affecting genome expression dynamics. Our data reveal that the trypanosome genome is organized into chromatin-folding domains and transcription is affected by the local chromatin structure. We propose a model in which epigenetic mechanisms affect gene expression in trypanosomes.
Adipocyte lipolysis protects mice against Trypanosoma brucei infection
Authors: Machado Henrique , Hofer Peter , Zechner Rudolf , Smith Terry K. , Figueiredo Luísa M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTrypanosoma brucei causes African trypanosomiasis, colonizing adipose tissue and inducing weight loss. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for adipose mass loss and its impact on disease pathology. We found that lipolysis is activated early in infection. Mice lacking B and T lymphocytes fail to upregulate adipocyte lipolysis, resulting in higher fat mass retention. Genetic ablation of the rate-limiting adipose triglyceride lipase specifically from adipocytes (AdipoqCre/+-Atglfl/fl) prevented the stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis during infection, reducing fat mass loss. Surprisingly, these mice succumbed earlier and presented a higher parasite burden in the gonadal adipose tissue, indicating that host lipolysis limits parasite growth. Consistently, free fatty acids comparable with those of adipose interstitial fluid induced loss of parasite viability. Adipocyte lipolysis emerges as a mechanism controlling local parasite burden and affecting the loss of fat mass in African trypanosomiasis.
Causal effects of genetically predicted endometriosis on breast cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yan Shuixin , Li Jiadi , Chen Jiafeng , Chen Yan , Qiu Yu , Zhou Yuxin , Wu Weizhu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study used a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between genetically predicted endometriosis (EMS) and breast cancer risk. A total of 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls were included in the analysis, with gene-level summary data obtained from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). An inverse variance-weighting approach was applied to assess the causal relationship between EMS and breast cancer risk, and weighted median and MR-Egger regression methods were used to evaluate pleiotropy. Results showed a causal relationship between EMS and a decreased risk of overall breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.99, p = 0.02). Furthermore, EMS was associated with a lower risk for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in a subgroup analysis based on immunohistochemistry type (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.86–0.97, p = 0.005). However, there was no causal association between ER-negative breast cancer and survival (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.94–1.06, p = 0.89). Pleiotropy was not observed. These findings provide evidence of a relationship between EMS and reduced breast cancer risk in invasive breast cancer overall and specific tissue types, and support the results of a previous observational study. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.
Advanced stage, high-grade primary tumor ovarian cancer: a multi-omics dissection and biomarker prediction process
Authors: Honar Yousof Saeedi , Javaher Saleh , Soleimani Marziye , Zarebkohan Amir , Farhadihosseinabadi Behrouz , Tohidfar Masoud , Abdollahpour-Alitappeh Meghdad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) incidence and mortality rates continue to escalate globally. Early detection of OC is challenging due to extensive metastases and the ambiguity of biomarkers in advanced High-Grade Primary Tumors (HGPTs). In the present study, we conducted an in-depth in silico analysis in OC cell lines using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray dataset with 53 HGPT and 10 normal samples. Differentially-Expressed Genes (DEGs) were also identified by GEO2r. A variety of analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), ChIP enrichment analysis (ChEA), eXpression2Kinases (X2K) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), elucidated signaling pathways, transcription factors (TFs), kinases, and proteome, respectively. Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) networks were generated using STRING and Cytoscape, in which co-expression and hub genes were pinpointed by the cytoHubba plug-in. Validity of DEG analysis was achieved via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Of note, KIAA0101, RAD51AP1, FAM83D, CEP55, PRC1, CKS2, CDCA5, NUSAP1, ECT2, and TRIP13 were found as top 10 hub genes; SIN3A, VDR, TCF7L2, NFYA, and FOXM1 were detected as predominant TFs in HGPTs; CEP55, PRC1, CKS2, CDCA5, and NUSAP1 were identified as potential biomarkers from hub gene clustering. Further analysis indicated hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-193b-3p, and hsa-miR-192-5p as key miRNAs targeting HGPT genes. Collectively, our findings spotlighted HGPT-associated genes, TFs, miRNAs, and pathways as prospective biomarkers, offering new avenues for OC diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Enhancing the properties of geopolymer concrete using nano-silica and microstructure assessment: a sustainable approach
Authors: Chiranjeevi Koti , Abraham Marykutty , Rath Badrinarayan , Praveenkumar T. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNowadays low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete can be replaced with cement-based concrete to avoid the adverse effect of manufacturing cement on the environment. Utilization of geopolymer concrete instead of traditional concrete using low calcium fly ash and nano silica reduces a significant amount of CO­2 emission towards the atmosphere. However, the performance of geopolymer concrete is less than that of Portland cement concrete. To improve the performance of geopolymer concrete nano silica was used in the present study. In this work, geopolymer concrete was made utilizing fly ash, ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBS), and sugarcane bagasse ash. In the first instance, binary combinations i.e. fly ash and GGBS were employed as cementitious materials for the production of geopolymer concrete. In the second instance, a ternary mixture of pozzolanic material was prepared by taking 25% GGBS, 65% Fly ash, and 10% bagasse ash. In the third instance, varying percentages of nanoparticles were used for the above ternary mixture. The mechanical and durability properties of the geopolymer composite that was made earlier were tested. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of geopolymer composites were assessed for mechanical properties and a rapid chloride permeability test, water absorption test, and acid attack test were done to know about the porosity of concrete. Results showed that, with a dose of 4% nanoparticles, the durability and strength properties of the concrete had improved the most. The GCBA-N4 mixture had the highest split tensile and compressive strength was measured to be 2.91 MPa and 41.33 MPa and the rapid chloride permeability test, water absorption rate, and percentage of mass loss due to sulfate attack were found as a minimum for GCBA-N4 specimen.