bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVIDAssist: Exploring the perspectives on student assistance during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors:   InciSioN UK Collaborative,   The Royal Society of Medicine Students Section Collaborative,   MedEd Collaborative
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 resulted in medical students volunteering to join the health care workforce. Our study aimed to evaluate the perception of clinical staff on the benefit of students' pandemic response. The secondary aims were to (i) evaluate medical students' team working skills, (ii) identify specialties where medical students were most effective, and (iii) identify areas for further training.MethodsWe conducted a national survey of doctors and nurses. This was conducted in line with a pre‐specified protocol by the International Student Surgical Network UK (Incision UK), with support from The Royal Society of Medicine Students Section Collaborative and MedEd Collaborative. A questionnaire was developed and disseminated following AMEE guidance. Survey responses were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed.ResultsOf the recorded responses (n = 283), the largest group of respondents was junior doctors, (n = 110, 38.9%), and medicine was the most reported specialty (n = 76, 26.9%) of respondents, followed by primary care, with the lowest responses coming from surgery (n = 25, 8.8%). Of the total responses (n = 283), 76.8% of respondents reported that the student response had a positive impact during the pandemic. Four themes were identified: (i) impact on health care service, (ii) impact on health care staff and patients, (iii) student's professional development and (iv) additional training that students require.ConclusionStudents were an effective part of the pandemic. However, without appropriate definition of their role within a clinical setting, students may be forced to balance learning and service provision. Providing students with dedicated clinical support roles and ward‐based learning roles with a competency‐based approach holds potential to be both a powerful learning tool and strengthen health care systems to face future crises.
Exploring perceptions of factors aiding the development of critical thinking in adult dysphagia: A study among fourth‐year speech‐language pathology students
Authors: Catania A. , Coutts K. A. , Barber N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment and management of adult dysphagia in South Africa is complex as appropriate intervention requires a balance of theoretical knowledge and critical thinking to ensure service delivery is appropriate within a resource‐constrained health care system. Critical thinking involves the skilful evaluation of information to make informed decisions for effective assessment and intervention. It is imperative for Speech‐Language Pathologists (SLPs) to cultivate these skills from an early stage in their careers. This study therefore aims to investigate the factors perceived to enhance critical thinking to shed light on how students transition theory into clinical decision‐making. This is vital to inform future practice in the realm of dysphagia and to enhance Speech Therapy education.MethodsA qualitative research design was utilised to identify what facilitators assist SLP students to develop critical thinking skills in adult dysphagia. Data were gathered from students across three universities. Fifteen participants answered a self‐developed online survey, and of those, four participated in a follow‐up focus group. The data were analysed using a top‐down approach and reflexive thematic analysis.Results and DiscussionThe results revealed that viewing videos on instrumental assessment measures, case studies and peer learning were perceived to expand critical thinking theoretically. Similarly, critical thinking was best supported in clinical contexts, which provided opportunities to observe expert clinicians at the bedside, obtain individual feedback and access supervision.ConclusionThe findings yielded recommendations for clinical educators involved in dysphagia training. This is necessary to better prepare SLP students to provide contextually relevant and responsive dysphagia services.
Arabidopsis SNARE SYP132 impacts on PIP2;1 trafficking and function in salinity stress
Authors: Baena Guillermo , Xia Lingfeng , Waghmare Sakharam , Yu ZhiYi , Guo Yue , Blatt Michael R. , Zhang Ben , Karnik Rucha 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYIn plants so‐called plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are major water channels governing plant water status. Membrane trafficking contributes to functional regulation of major PIPs and is crucial for abiotic stress resilience. Arabidopsis PIP2;1 is rapidly internalised from the plasma membrane in response to high salinity to regulate osmotic water transport, but knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is fragmentary. Here we show that PIP2;1 occurs in complex with SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (SYP132) together with the plasma membrane H+‐ATPase AHA1 as evidenced through in vivo and in vitro analysis. SYP132 is a multifaceted vesicle trafficking protein, known to interact with AHA1 and promote endocytosis to impact growth and pathogen defence. Tracking native proteins in immunoblot analysis, we found that salinity stress enhances SYP132 interactions with PIP2;1 and PIP2;2 isoforms to promote redistribution of the water channels away from the plasma membrane. Concurrently, AHA1 binding within the SYP132‐complex was significantly reduced under salinity stress and increased the density of AHA1 proteins at the plasma membrane in leaf tissue. Manipulating SYP132 function in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resilience to salinity stress and analysis in heterologous systems suggested that the SNARE influences PIP2;1 osmotic water permeability. We propose therefore that SYP132 coordinates AHA1 and PIP2;1 abundance at the plasma membrane and influences leaf hydraulics to regulate plant responses to abiotic stress signals.
Embodying industrial transitions: Melancholy loss, interrupted habit and transitional memory after the end of a coal mine
Authors: Zhang Vickie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGeographical and interdisciplinary literatures often focus on the enduring losses engendered by industrial closure and economic change, describing the moment of deindustrialisation as a cut in the fabric of history. In this imaginary, people and place become suspended in the past, through ‘melancholy’ logics of attachment, ruination and loss. The aim of this article is to reorient these melancholy temporalities by demonstrating memory's central, though perhaps paradoxical, role in transitioning bodies through the afterlife of economic closure. Alongside three stories from an empirical study of life after two coal mine closures in Australia and China, I look to theories of melancholy and habit—understood as embodied, preconscious forms of non‐representational memory—to explore workers' capacities to reorient and rebuild subjectivity in the wake of closure's interruptions and disorientations. I emphasise the work of memory in knitting together life after ‘the end’, through transitional processes of reckoning, acting and learning that engender changing bodily intensities and evaluations, and the possibility of a renewed sense of life as ordinary. Taken together, this article makes paired contributions to literatures on economic change and geographies of memory. By looking beyond linear narratives of rupture and decline, it recognises the afterlife of industrial closure as an intimate site of transition without losing sight of the past. By showing how even melancholy memories are imbricated in the production of altered presents and futures, it emphasises memory's parallax operation as an embodied force of differentiation.
Receiver operating characteristics of computed tomography (CT) compared to cystoscopy in diagnosis of canine ectopic ureters: Thirty‐five cases
Authors: Song Min Kyong , Fracka Agnieszka B. , Karn Krystina , Roberts Gregory D. , Fransson Boel A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of computed tomographic excretory urography (CTEU) in predicting cystoscopic findings of ureteral anatomy.Study designRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsThirty‐five client‐owned dogs.MethodsThe medical records of dogs referred for suspected ectopic ureters were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included CTEU findings reported by board‐certified radiologists, followed by rigid cystoscopy with or without ureteral cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA). Data included signalment, urinary incontinence degree, body condition score, weight, degree of colon distension, CTEU and cystoscopy findings. ROC analysis was used to compare CT‐predicted ureteral orthotopia/ectopia to cystoscopy findings. Additionally, ROC of CT predicted ureteral orifice locations was analyzed. Regression covariate analysis was performed to identify factors that may have influenced accuracy of diagnosis.ResultsThe ability of CT to identify a normal and intra‐or extramural ectopic ureters conclusively and correctly was 13/26 (50%) and 32/41(78%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of identifying extramural versus intramural ureters was 2/7 versus 30/46 (29 vs. 65%) and 61/63 versus 17/24 (97 vs. 71%), respectively. Ectopic orifice determination sensitivity and specificity varied widely depending on location from 0% to 76% and 67% to 97%, respectively. Covariate analysis failed to identify interfering factors.ConclusionsCT did not accurately predict anatomy of ureters; CT findings may need confirmation by cystoscopy and possibly intraoperative fluoroscopy prior to determining if CLA is indicated or not.Clinical significanceOur results may be of importance for surgeons interpreting the CTEU findings. CTEU prediction of the location of the ureteral orifice shows low sensitivity especially in or close to the urethral sphincter area.
Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for sickle cell disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mahapatra Biswajit , Mukherjee Nirmalya , Khatoon Sajda , Bhattacharya Paramita , Thubru Edakashwa , John Denny 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the cost-effectiveness of targeted/selective newborn screening compared with universal screening for sickle cell disease across various countries and settings.

Introduction:
The incidence of sickle cell disease is a widespread and potentially fatal hematologic disorder that affects thousands of newborns worldwide. The cost of newborn screening creates a burden on households and the economy.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies will be eligible for inclusion in the review if they focus on the cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for sickle cell disease, comparing targeted/selective screening with universal screening.

Methods:
A preliminary search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was undertaken using MeSH terms, such as sickle cell disease, newborn, and economic evaluations. Two reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts, and full text independently against the inclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion or with a third reviewer. To assess methodological quality, the JBI checklist for economic evaluation will be used. Data will be extracted by 2 reviewers using a modified JBI data extraction form. The JBI dominance ranking matrix for economic evaluations will be used to summarize and compare the results. Cost-effectiveness will be measured on the basis of cost per test/case detected, quality-adjusted life years gained, or disability-adjusted life years averted. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment will be conducted to evaluate the certainty of economic evidence, such as use of resources and expenditures, and to incorporate the results into the decision-making process.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42017057963
Begun, the Drone Wars Have
Authors: Wolverton Mark 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Uncrewed aerial systems have been used by the American military for decades, but those have been relatively large and expensive vehicles, often operated by pilots hundreds or thousands of miles away. The war in Ukraine has taken drone warfare to new levels of sophistication and immediacy, with a small military power more than holding its own against a major and supposedly far superior opponent, and with troops in the theater of operation using the UASs to spot for artillery or engage nearby enemy formations directly.
Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of High-Speed Herringbone Gear in Meshing Process Under Oil Injection Lubrication
Authors: Chu Xiaomeng , Liu Yali , Zeng Hong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To quantify the relationship between the total frictional heat and the absorbed heat by the oil film in the herringbone gear transmission, this article investigates the lubrication status and thermal characteristics of the tooth meshing point under the fuel injection condition. First, the contact analysis of the herringbone gears is carried out—studying the variation pattern of the maximum pressure, highest temperature rise, and minimum film thickness of different oil films at various mesh points along the meshing line. Second, the friction coefficient and frictional power for the meshing points on the tooth surface are calculated to determine the ratio of oil film pressure to total pressure distribution. This completes the allocation of frictional power for the meshing points of the driving and driven gears. Finally, by comparing the total heat generated by frictional shear with the heat absorbed by the oil film, the numerical relationship between the two can be quantified.
Breakage of Beaded Fibers in a Polymer Matrix
Authors: Xu Min , An Bingbing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intermittent beading is a promising design strategy that enables simultaneous improvement of strength and toughness of fiber-reinforced composites. Despite the potential for amplification in mechanical properties, the failure mechanisms of beaded fiber composites are not fully understood. In this study, calculations are carried out for the breakage of beaded fibers in the polymer matrix composites. The plastic deformation of the polymer matrix and debonding of the bead–matrix, fiber–bead, and fiber–matrix interfaces are accounted for in the numerical analyses. It is found that the location of fiber break is governed by the toughness of the fiber–bead interface and fiber strength. The low toughness of fiber–bead interface promotes the emergence of break inside bead, and high fiber strength is capable of activating break outside bead. The break at the edge of bead prevails in most cases. We have further revealed that the fiber–matrix interface with high strength and enhanced toughness can give rise to large amount of fiber breaks, while low degree of fiber cracking emerges in the case of strong fiber–bead interface. For the bead–matrix interface, the intermediate interfacial strength generates a high degree of fiber breaks and low interfacial toughness suppresses fiber cracking, leading to small amount of fiber breaks. In addition, the dependence of plastic dissipation in the polymer matrix on fiber breakage is elucidated.
A Coupled Fluid-Structure Model for Estimation of Hydraulic Forces on the Drill-Pipes
Authors: Passos Volpi Lucas , Cayeux Eric , Wiggo Time Rune 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Most models employed for fluid forces in drill-string dynamics are of reduced order. The simplified nature of these models often fails to describe the complex behavior of the fluid force, in particular, when the drill-string movement is non-trivial or even when non-Newtonian behavior is predominant. In this work, the fluid forces are estimated by modeling the dynamic of the drilling fluid for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and compared with reduced-order models. To achieve it, the lattice-Boltzmann method is implemented to solve the fluid model, while prescribed movements are set for the tool-joint. With the obtained fields, the forces are calculated and compared with recurrent models. Finally, it is observed that some models are capable of describing the interaction as long as the dynamic of the tool-joint is simple. In the presence of other trajectories—e.g., bouncing and chaotic—the models fail to describe the details of the dynamic.
Influence of body mass normalization on the correlations between muscle cross-sectional area and physical performance outcomes in older women
Authors: Palmer Ty B , Palmer Bailey M 
Published: January 2024

Aims: Normalization is a method used to account for body mass in clinical practice and research. It is unclear if this method will improve the correlation between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and physical performance. We examined the correlations between quadriceps muscle morphology parameters and physical performance outcomes in older women. Material and methods: Twenty older women participated in this study. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure quadriceps muscle CSA and echo intensity. Muscle CSA was expressed as an absolute value (cm2) and as a relative value normalized to body mass (cm2/kg). Physical performance was assessed from timed up‐and‐go and 6-min walk tests.Results: Relative CSA was significantly related to timed up-and-go scores (r=-0.489, p=0.029) and 6-min walking speed (r=0.606, p=0.005), whereas absolute CSA was not significantly associated with these performances (r=-0.231, p=0.327 and r=0.373, p=0.105). There was a significant correlation between absolute CSA and body mass (r=0.456, p=0.043). There were also significant correlations between echo intensity and timed up-and-go scores (r=0.556, p=0.011) and 6-min walking speed (r=-0.484, p=0.031).Conclusions: Our study showed that relative CSA correlated better than absolute CSA with physical performance. These findings support the need to normalize measurements of muscle CSA to body mass in older adults.
Can the width of lower tongue base preoperative sonography measurements predict hypoxemia during esophagogastroduodenoscopy under sedation in ASA I-II patients?
Authors: Wu Hao , Xia Min , Chen Xu , Wang Sheng , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2024

Aim: The most common complication during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) under sedation is hypoxemia. There is a scarcity of indicators to predict the risk of hypoxemia during EGD under sedation accurately. The width of the lower tongue base measured by ultrasound (US) is considered to be a significant predictor of the presence and severity of obstructive sleepapnea syndrome (OSAS), which develops hypoxemia by a similar mechanism to EGD under sedation. This study aimed to observe its ability to predict hypoxemia during EGD under sedation.Material and methodsː Adult patients undergoing EGD under sedation at our hospital after assessment in the anesthesia clinic were enrolled in the study. The width of the lower tongue base was measured as the distance between the lingual arteries (DLA) on both sides of the inferior lateral margin of the tongue by US. The primary outcome was hypoxemia defined as the SpO2 <90% for longer than 10 seconds during EGD under sedation. ResultsːA total of 304 patients were successfully included, and hypoxemia was reported in 32 patients (10.5%). The DLA prediction criterion for hypoxemia was >31 mm. The DLA was correlated with hypoxemia (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.455; p<0.001) and owned the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.927; 99% CI, 0.891 to 0.953, compared with that of the other predictors, p< 0.001) with hypoxemia.Conclusionsː The width of the lower tongue base, measured as the DLA by US examination can be used to effectively predict the risk of hypoxemia during EGD under sedation.
Consistent Individual Tendencies in Motor Speed–Accuracy Trade-Off
Authors: Pacheco Matheus M. , Lafe Charley W. , Chen Che-Hsiu , Hsieh Tsung-Yu 
Published: January 2024

The literature on speed–accuracy trade-off (SAT) in motor control has evidenced individuality in how individuals trade moments (e.g., mean and variance) of spatial and temporal errors. These individual tendencies could grasp tendencies of the system given previous experiences and constraints of the organism, a signature of the system control. Nonetheless, such tendency must be robust to small perturbations. Thirty participants performed nine conditions with different time and spatial criteria over 2 days (scanning). In between these scanning conditions, individuals performed a practice condition that required modifications of the individuals’ preferred spatial and temporal tendency in the SAT. Our results demonstrated that there were no systematic effects of practice in SAT preferences. However, individual analyses demonstrated significant changes for 25 out of 30 individuals. The latter either attests against a consistent preference or to a more complex characterization of individual SAT tendencies.
Short- and Long-Term Changes in Balance After Active Video Game Training in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Draghi Tatiane Targino Gomes , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Godoi-Jacomassi Daniela , Cavalcante Neto Jorge Lopes , Jelsma Dorothee , Tudella Eloisa 
Published: January 2024

Active video games (AVG) have been used as training tools and are known to ameliorate balance performance in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Our aim was to evaluate balance using clinical tests and by measuring body sway using a force plate with a mixed design of vision (eyes open/eyes closed), surface (rigid/soft), and support (stance/semitandem) before, and after, training and 4 months later (follow-up). Thirty-six DCD children and 40 typically developing children participated in the study, of which 50 children (26 DCD; 24 typically developing) were retested after 4 months. Balance improved on the clinical measures after the training, which was independent of type of AVG (Wii-Fit and Xbox Kinect) used, and this effect was still present after 4 months. The AVG training did not influence general sway behavior, but only sway in the eyes-open condition, corresponding with task demands of the training and indicating a training-specific effect. Overall, DCD children and typically developing children responded comparably to the AVG training, thereby maintaining the gap in performance between the two groups. The changes in postural sway are interpreted as a sign of more confidence and less freezing of the joints, enabling greater flexibility of movements and balance strategies as supported by the improved performance on balance tests in the DCD children. This is the first study that showed long-term effects of AVG training on balance performance. However, these follow-up results should be interpreted with caution given that 35% of the children were lost in follow-up.