bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Economy‐Wide Impacts From a Changing Wildfire Climate on a Regional Rural Landscape
Authors: Monge Juan J. , Dowling Leslie J. , Wegner Simon , Melia Nathanael , Cheon Pascal E. S. , Schou Wayne , McDonald Garry W. , Journeaux Phil , Wakelin Steve J. , McDonald Nicola 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA warmer and drier future combined with rising population trends will result in increased wildfire risk. The design of robust mitigation/adaptation strategies requires the assessment of the economy‐wide risks from potentially more frequent large wildfire events under different futures. This study uses a novel interdisciplinary approach by integrating wildfire climate and land‐use forecasts into probabilistic and simulation models of wildfires to estimate direct impacts using damage curves and indirect impacts as lost Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using a computable general equilibrium model. Based on the financial concept of Value at Risk, a probabilistic measure of extreme economy‐wide impacts was developed using GDP as the representative metric, namely “GDP at Risk (G@R),” under various climatic and socio‐economic scenarios. Using the new metric in the Waikato, New Zealand as a case study, due its primary industries' national relevance, it was identified that there is a 5% probability that the region will experience GDP losses greater or equal to NZ$0.1–1.2 billion (similar to the regional GDP growth in 2021) over a 48‐year period from future potential large wildfires affecting vulnerable primary industries. The regional impacts result in larger national GDP losses by a factor of 5 due to the high dependence of downstream sectors on the regional primary industries. While “G@R” estimates are similar across socio‐economic scenarios, there are no discernible patterns when compared across midcentury climate scenarios. The approach developed could be used to assess the consequences from afforestation projects, driven by mitigation policies, and adaptation strategies to reduce wildfire risk.
Potential Impacts of Energy and Vehicle Transformation Through 2050 on Oxidative Stress‐Inducing PM2.5 Metals Concentration in Japan
Authors: Kayaba Satoko , Kajino Mizuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe impacts of renewable energy shifting, passenger car electrification, and lightweighting through 2050 on the atmospheric concentrations of PM2.5 total mass and oxidative stress‐inducing metals (PM2.5‐Fe, Cu, and Zn) in Japan were evaluated using a regional meteorology–chemistry model. The surface concentrations of PM2.5 total mass, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the urban area decreased by 8%, 13%, 18%, and 5%, respectively. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have been considered to have no advantage in terms of non‐exhaust PM emissions by previous studies. This is because the disadvantages (heavier weight increases tire wear, road wear, and resuspention) offset the advantages (regenerative braking system (RBS) reduces brake wear). However, the future lightweighting of drive battery and body frame were estimated to reduce all non‐exhaust PM. Passenger car electrification only reduced PM2.5 concentration by 2%. However, Fe and Cu concentrations were more reduced (−8% and −13%, respectively) because they have high brake wear‐derived and significantly reflects the benefits of BEV's RBS. The water‐soluble fraction concentration of metals (induces oxidative stress in the body) was estimated based on aerosol acidity. The reduction of SOx, NOx, and NH3 emissions from on‐road and thermal power plants slightly changed the aerosol acidity (pH ± 0.2). However, it had a negligible effect on water‐soluble metal concentrations (maximum +2% for Fe and +0.5% for Cu and Zn). Therefore, the metal emissions reduction was more important than gaseous pollutants in decreasing the water‐soluble metals that induces respiratory oxidative stress and passenger car electrification and lightweighting were effective means of achieving this.
Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Butt Arthur , Li Baoman , Illes Peter , Zorec Robert , Semyanov Alexey , Tang Yong , Sofroniew Michael V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAstroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder outcome. Pathophysiological changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of functions. Astroglia respond to external, non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure, molecular expression, and function. In addition, internally driven, cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS pathologies. Astroglial pathophysiology is complex, with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder, disorder-stage, comorbidities, age, and sex. Here, we classify astroglial pathophysiology into (i) reactive astrogliosis, (ii) astroglial atrophy with loss of function, (iii) astroglial degeneration and death, and (iv) astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive disease. We review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders, including neurotrauma, stroke, neuroinfection, autoimmune attack and epilepsy, as well as neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Characterising cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Land use conversion increases network complexity and stability of soil microbial communities in a temperate grassland
Authors: Cornell Carolyn R , Zhang Ya , Ning Daliang , Xiao Naijia , Wagle Pradeep , Xiao Xiangming , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Soils harbor highly diverse microbial communities that are critical to soil health, but agriculture has caused extensive land use conversion resulting in negative effects on critical ecosystem processes. However, the responses and adaptations of microbial communities to land use conversion have not yet been understood. Here, we examined the effects of land conversion for long-term crop use on the network complexity and stability of soil microbial communities over 19 months. Despite reduced microbial biodiversity in comparison with native tallgrass prairie, conventionally tilled (CT) cropland significantly increased network complexity such as connectivity, connectance, average clustering coefficient, relative modularity, and the number of species acting at network hubs and connectors as well as resulted in greater temporal variation of complexity indices. Molecular ecological networks under CT cropland became significantly more robust and less vulnerable, overall increasing network stability. The relationship between network complexity and stability was also substantially strengthened due to land use conversion. Lastly, CT cropland decreased the number of relationships between network structure and environmental properties instead being strongly correlated to management disturbances. These results indicate that agricultural disturbance generally increases the complexity and stability of species “interactions”, possibly as a trade-off for biodiversity loss to support ecosystem function when faced with frequent agricultural disturbance.
Nutrient supplementation by genome-eroded Burkholderia symbionts of scale insects
Authors: Michalik Anna , Bauer Eugen , Szklarzewicz Teresa , Kaltenpoth Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Hemipterans are known as hosts to bacterial or fungal symbionts that supplement their unbalanced diet with essential nutrients. Among them, scale insects (Coccomorpha) are characterized by a particularly large diversity of symbiotic systems. Here, using microscopic and genomic approaches, we functionally characterized the symbionts of two scale insects belonging to the Eriococcidae family, Acanthococcus aceris and Gossyparia spuria. These species host Burkholderia bacteria that are localized in the cytoplasm of the fat body cells. Metagenome sequencing revealed very similar and highly reduced genomes (&lt;900KBp) with a low GC content (~38%), making them the smallest and most AT-biased Burkholderia genomes yet sequenced. In their eroded genomes, both symbionts retain biosynthetic pathways for the essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, lysine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, and precursors for the semi-essential amino acid tyrosine, as well as the cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase MetH. A tryptophan biosynthesis pathway is conserved in the symbiont of G. spuria, but appeared pseudogenized in A. aceris, suggesting differential availability of tryptophan in the two host species’ diets. In addition to the pathways for essential amino acid biosynthesis, both symbionts maintain biosynthetic pathways for multiple cofactors, including riboflavin, cobalamin, thiamine, and folate. The localization of Burkholderia symbionts and their genome traits indicate that the symbiosis between Burkholderia and eriococcids is younger than other hemipteran symbioses, but is functionally convergent. Our results add to the emerging picture of dynamic symbiont replacements in sap-sucking Hemiptera and highlight Burkholderia as widespread and versatile intra- and extracellular symbionts of animals, plants, and fungi.
Alkaline shear-thinning micro-nanocomposite hydrogels initiate endogenous TGFβ signaling for in situ bone regeneration
Authors: Niu Yuting , Yang Zhen , Yang Yang , Wang Xu , Zhang Ping , Lv Longwei , Wang Sainan , Liu Yan , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecruiting endogenous stem cells to bone defects without stem cell transplantation and exogenous factor delivery represents a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Herein, we develop an alkaline shear-thinning micro-nanocomposite hydrogel (10-MmN), aiming to alkaline-activate endogenous TGFβ1 and achieve in situ bone regeneration. It contains polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified gelatin, laponite nanoplatelets (LAP), a bicarbonate buffer with a pH of 10, and gelatin microspheres (MSs). PEI-modified gelatin plays a pivotal role in hydrogel fabrication. It endows the system with sufficient positive charges, and forms a shear-thinning nanocomposite matrix in the pH 10 buffer (10-mN) with negatively charged LAP via electrostatic gelation. For biological functions, the pH 10 buffer dominates alkaline activation of endogenous serum TGFβ1 to recruit rat bone marrow stem cells through the Smad pathway, followed by improved osteogenic differentiation. In addition, MSs are incorporated into 10-mN to form 10-MmN, and function as substrates to provide good attachment sites for the recruited stem cells and facilitate further their osteogenic differentiation. In a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model, 10-MmN exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrogel infusion and retention in bone defects with flexible shapes and active bleeding. Importantly, it repairs ~95% of the defect areas in 3 months by recruiting TGFβR2+ and CD90+CD146+ stem cells, and promoting cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. The present study provides a biomaterial-based strategy to regulate alkalinity in bone defects for the initiation of endogenous TGFβ signaling, which can be extended to treat other diseases.
Prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using machine learning from birth cohort data of the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Watanabe Masahiro , Eguchi Akifumi , Sakurai Kenichi , Yamamoto Midori , Mori Chisato ,   The Japan Environment Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazakii Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Shima Masayuki , Kageyama Seiji , Suganuma Narufumi , Ohga Shoichi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using artificial intelligence (AI) from medical records has been reported. We aimed to evaluate GDM-predictive AI-based models using birth cohort data with a wide range of information and to explore factors contributing to GDM development. This investigation was conducted as a part of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. In total, 82,698 pregnant mothers who provided data on lifestyle, anthropometry, and socioeconomic status before pregnancy and the first trimester were included in the study. We employed machine learning methods as AI algorithms, such as random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and support vector machine (SVM), along with logistic regression (LR) as a reference. GBDT displayed the highest accuracy, followed by LR, RF, and SVM. Exploratory analysis of the JECS data revealed that health-related quality of life in early pregnancy and maternal birthweight, which were rarely reported to be associated with GDM, were found along with variables that were reported to be associated with GDM. The results of decision tree-based algorithms, such as GBDT, have shown high accuracy, interpretability, and superiority for predicting GDM using birth cohort data.
Fe–Pd nanoflakes decorated on leached graphite disks for both methanol and formic acid electrooxidation with excellent electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Mojarrad Amir , Sabzi Reza E. , Faraji Masoud 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a unique and simple method for fabricating of inexpensive electrocatalysts for use in direct methanol fuel cells. The leached Fe1–Pd1 NFs/graphite (leached Fe1–Pd1/graphite) disk electrode was successfully obtained via uniform dispersion of Zn powder into the matrix of commercial graphite powder (98%), pressing under optimized pressure followed by the treatment in H2SO4 solution containing Fe+2 and Pd+2 cations, leading to the partial leaching out of Zn from graphite matrix, as well as partial electroless substitution of Fe–Pd nanoflakes with Zn metal. Based on the morphology studies, binary Fe–Pd nanoflakes with a large surface area uniformly dispersed on the leached graphite disk. The leached Fe–Pd/G disk showed the exceptional electrocatalytic activity toward methanol and formic acid oxidation without electrocatalyst poisoning being observed, in contrast to the leached Pd/graphite and leached Fe/graphite disks. This is due to the high surface area, and synergistic effect of Pd and Fe. The findings of this work may be used for the mass manufacture of graphite-based disks for commercial fuel cell applications using available graphite powders. The linear range of washed Fe1–Pd1/G electrocatalyst for measuring methanol was about 0.1–1.3 M, and its detection limit was calculated at about 0.03 M. Furthermore, the linear range of the nanocatalyst for measuring formic acid was about 0.02–0.1 M, and its detection limit was calculated at about 0.006 M.
Overexpression of TPL2 may be a predictor of good prognosis in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Yu Qin , Wan Dan , Fu Rong , Li Feng , Zhang Yutao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and roles of tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) and peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase 1 (Pin1) in the occurrence and development of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TPL2 and Pin1 in human breast tissues, which included normal breast tissues (Normal), tissues with fibrocystic changes (FCC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and IDC. The roles of TPL2 and Pin1 in the occurrence and development of IDC, as well as the correlation between their expression levels and clinicopathological parameters, were analyzed. Compared with Normal and FCC groups, the overexpression of TPL2 and Pin1 was significantly increased in DCIS and IDC groups (DCIS vs Normal: P = 0.002/P < 0.001; IDC vs Normal: P = 0.007/P = 0.003; DCIS vs. FCC: P = 0.008/P = 0.004; IDC vs. FCC: P = 0.04/P = 0.043). The expression levels of TPL2 and Pin1 were positively correlated in DCIS and IDC groups (P = 0.001, P = 0.011). In the IDC group, the Ki67 level in the TPL2 overexpression group was significantly lower than that in the TPL2 low expression group (P = 0.02). The TPL2 overexpression rate was significantly higher in IDC with histological grades 1–2 than that in IDC with histological grade 3 (P = 0.029). The TPL2 overexpression rate in IDC with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage I was significantly higher than that in IDC with TNM stages II–III (P = 0.035). We conclude that TPL2 and Pin1 may synergistically promote the occurrence and development of IDC, but TPL2 overexpression may be an early molecular event in IDC development. TPL2 overexpression is significantly related with IDC with lower malignancy or earlier TNM stage, suggesting that the prognosis of IDC patients with TPL2 overexpression may be better and TPL2 overexpression may be a predictor of good prognosis in IDC.
Investigating the Cuprates as a platform for high-order Van Hove singularities and flat-band physics
Authors: Markiewicz Robert S. , Singh Bahadur , Lane Christopher , Bansil Arun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBeyond the two-dimensional saddle-point Van Hove singularities (VHSs) with logarithmic divergences in the density of states, recent studies have identified higher-order VHSs with faster-than-logarithmic divergences that can amplify electron correlation effects. Here we show that the cuprate high-Tc superconductors harbor high-order VHSs in their electronic spectra and unveil a new correlation that the cuprates with high-order VHSs display higher Tc’s. Our analysis indicates that the normal and higher-order VHSs can provide a straightforward new marker for identifying propensity of a material toward the occurrence of correlated phases such as the excitonic insulators and supermetals. Our study suggests cuprates and related high-Tc superconductors as materials for exploring the interplay between high-order VHSs, superconducting transition temperatures, and electron correlation effects.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance via quantum confinement in a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor for thermal management
Authors: Oxandale Samuel W. , Reinke Charles , Das Suprem R. , El-Kady Ihab 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe performance of thermoelectric devices is gauged by the dimensionless figure of merit $${{{{{\boldsymbol{ZT}}}}}}$$
ZT
. Improving $${{{{{\boldsymbol{ZT}}}}}}$$
ZT
has proven to be a formidable challenge given the interdependence of its constitutive quantities, namely Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and temperature. Here, we use quantum confinement to decouple Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity to demonstrate an order of magnitude quantum-based enhancement to the thermoelectric figure of merit $${{{{{\boldsymbol{ZT}}}}}}$$
ZT
in complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. While most quantum-based enhancement is done through physical confinement using two-dimensional materials, our approach uses electrical confinement. Because of this, our device is more robust than the two-dimensional materials currently used. We further articulate that improvement by as much as a factor of 50 could be achieved in a practical setting. Our approach further provides a path for monolithic integration of on-chip coolers and energy scavengers with virtually no deviation from the fabrication flow of standard electronics.
Multi objective Optimizations of friction stir welding process parameters for reinforcement of copper particles in aluminum alloy using Taguchi based grey relational analysis (GRA) and ANOVA.
Authors: Dhabale Rahul B , Kurkute Vijay K , Unde Sanket S. , Jadhav Pradeep , Dhabale Vrushali R , Sur Anirban 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, optimize process parameters of friction stir welding for reinforcement of copper particulate in between aluminum alloys. It is to boost the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of base metals. Two dissimilar aluminum alloys with different mechanical properties .AA6061-AA6063. successfully joined. In addition, the introducing copper particles of 325 mesh size in between aluminum alloy 6061 and 6063. It is a direct application of rotating non-consumable friction stir welding tool plunged for reinforcement. Introduction of a copper particle in between aluminum alloy is a unique system in the solid-state welding process. Taguchi method as an optimization tool used to design process parameters. Afterward, welding samples were cut in the desired size and progressed for a further test such as tensile and hardness test. Finally, it is observed to have improved mechanical strength in minimum spindle speed i.e.1000 rpm and welding speed 20 mm/min. Study also shows feasibility of GRA, Hypothesis .Z-test. test and ANOVA with Taguchi technique.
Investigation of nanomechanical properties of Ni-Mn based Heusler alloys using nanoindentation technique
Authors: Dhanal S. V. , Ingale Sanjaykumar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Studies on mechanical properties of Ni-Mn based Heusler alloys are lacking which limits their use for practical applications. In the present work, nanomechanical analysis of ternary Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al Heusler alloys were performed using nanoindentation test. Dense pellet specimens of selected 15 hr mechanical alloyed ball milled powder samples were prepared by consolidation, sintering and polishing processes. Load-displacement curves were obtained from a typical nanoindentation test by penetrating the indenter tip into the prepared pellet specimens surface with a prescribed loading and unloading data using Oliver-Pharr method of analysis to determine elastic modulus and hardness. The average elastic modulus and harness of Ni-Mn-Al alloy found more than Ni-Mn-Sn alloy. Also, the effects of sintering temperatures on the densities of pellet specimens were observed which showed that higher sintering temperatures are required to achieve the homogeneity and reduce the porosity of specimen.
Influence of nano additive blended watermelon seed biodiesel on the performance and exhaust emissions of a VCR compression ignition engine
Authors: Sachuthananthan B , Vinoth R , Padmaja N , Sachidananda K B , Kanna Kumar J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
An innovative idea have been proposed in this work, to increase fuel efficiency and minimize emission from Diesel engine. This research mainly focuses on the systhesis of two nano materials namely MgO, TiO2. The synthesized nano additives was blended in equal proportion with Biodiesel prepared from Watermelon seed oil through the process of trans-esterification. Then 20% Biodiesel was mixed with 80% diesel and now the fuel is called as B20. Equal proportion of MgO and TiO2 mixture was prepared which is called as Nano Additive Mix(NAM) and added with B20 blend. A 5HP mono Barrel Diesel engine was powered with B20 and with various proportion of NAM in the range of 50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm and 200ppm. The results obtained revealed that B20 blended with NAM150 minimized CO, HC and Smoke emission considerably when equated to other mixtures. The BTE at peak load for Diesel was 28.4% and for the same load it was 28.2% for B20 @ NAM150 blend. The B20 with 150NAM blend become the best alternative fuel combination to operate the engine with less emission and best fuel consumption and power output.