bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese herbal formula Tongxie Yaofang granules for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial
Authors: Liang Shi-Bing , Cheng Hong-Jie , Zhang Qiao-Yan , Han Mei , Li Yu-Fei , Cao Hui-Juan , Yu Ze-Yu , Kong Ling-Yao , Cai Yan-Mei , An Li-Bao , Zhao Bao-Tuan , Xu Shan-Shan , Yan Ling , Zhang Nai-Wei , Jia Bo-Yi , Liu Wei-Fang , Niu Fang , Wu Ba-Teer , Song Jin-Ming , Jia Shu-Xin , Shi Meng-Meng , Zhang Xiao-Na , Chung Vincent Chi Ho , Robinson Nicola , Liu Jian-Ping 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo assess the therapeutic effects and safety of Tongxie Yaofang (TXYF) granules vs placebo as an alternative treatment for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). We hypothesised that TXYF would improve clinical responses among patients with IBS-D.DesignA randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II, superiority trial.SettingOutpatients attending the Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.Participants96 eligible participants included men and women ranging from late adolescence to middle adulthood (18–65 years), diagnosed with IBS-D according to the Rome IV criteria. In addition, they were required to have an irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) of at least 75.InterventionsTXYF granules (3.7 g) twice daily (taken orally before meals) or placebo for 8 weeks.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was the response rate measured by the change in IBS-SSS compared with baseline at week 8. Secondary outcomes included stool frequency; stool consistency at weeks 4, 8 and 20; and quality of life, anxiety and depression at week 8; and safety was monitored throughout the trial.ResultsThe TXYF and placebo groups each comprised 48 participants. The response rate was not significantly different at week 8 between the two groups (the unadjusted treatment effect estimate (intention-to-treat analysis) was 1.12 (95% CI (0.89, 1.41)), p=0.348). Both groups had a high and similar rate of symptom reduction (79.2% (38/48)vs70.8% (34/48)). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups on secondary outcomes, although both groups showed substantial improvements. Adverse events in the TXYF and placebo groups were one (sinus arrhythmia) and two (elevated transaminases, weakly positive faecal occult blood), respectively. No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionsDespite showing clinically meaningful improvements in IBS-D symptoms and a reasonable safety profile after 8 weeks, no significant differences were observed between the TXYF and placebo groups. This suggests that the severity of IBS-D symptoms in both treatment arms might have decreased over time, regardless of the treatment, and highlights the need to investigate the relationship between IBS-D and patient psychology. Future large-scale, rigorously designed trials with longer treatment and follow-up periods are essential to evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of TXYF, and to explore the psychological factors.Trial registration numberISRCTN12453166.
Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in high compared to low TB burden countries: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with a qualitative meta-synthesis of themes
Authors: Eyawo Oghenowede , Lyzwinski Lynnette Nathalie , Ugoji Uchechukwu Chidiebere , Pan Shenyi , Sorkpor Setor Kofi , Tawari-Fufeyin Prekeyi , Hogg Robert S 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionNon-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment poses a significant challenge to effective TB management globally and is a major contributor to the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Although adherence to TB treatment has been widely studied, a comprehensive evaluation of the comparative levels of adherence in high- versus low-TB burden settings remains lacking. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the levels of adherence to TB treatment in high-TB burden countries compared to low-burden countries. Additionally, it seeks to identify the unique facilitators and barriers to treatment adherence in these distinct settings.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols Statement. Using key medical subject heading terms and free-text terms related to TB treatment adherence, a systematic search of the literature will be performed in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Global Health and the Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews. A medical librarian will assist with developing the search strategy. Two independent reviewers will independently screen studies against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria at both the title/abstract and full-text stages. Working in duplicate, the same two reviewers will independently extract relevant study and outcomes data, including study descriptors, TB burden, adherence levels and adherence measures, from eligible studies. Countries will be classified according to TB burden based on the WHO’s high-burden country list from the post-2015 era (2015–2025). The quality of the included studies will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Qualitative data will be appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Studies will be pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analysis. Additionally, a meta-synthesis of the qualitative data from the included studies may be conducted to identify emergent themes related to facilitators and barriers of TB treatment adherence in high- vs low-TB burden countries.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study as it does not involve the recruitment or collection of data from participants. The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific conferences, and via social media channels to enhance visibility, particularly within programmatic and policy spheres.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021273336
Introducing and establishing birth companionship in labour ward of a tertiary care centre in North India: a quality improvement journey through and beyond COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Puri Manju , Bessy Saji , Ranvir Singh Geeta , George Susan , Singh Abha , Yadav Reena 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAllowing a birth companion is the basic right of a mother and is identified as an important component of respectful maternity care. The implementation of this intervention has been a challenge in heavy-load public health facilities in India.Local problemDespite the proven benefits of the presence of birth companions on maternal–fetal outcomes, there was no policy of allowing birth companions in our hospital.Methods and interventionsWe aimed to introduce and establish the practice of allowing birth companions for all eligible mothers admitted to the labour ward from 0% to 70% in 8 weeks duration. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt. Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi. A quality improvement (QI) team was formed. After collecting the baseline data and observing the process flow, fishbone analysis was done to identify the main problems. Various change ideas were listed and tested in the form of plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles and ideas were either adapted or adopted. Simple interventions such as antenatal sensitisation and counselling of the mother and the family, WhatsApp groups, and monthly labour room induction classes for residents helped achieve the target. During COVID-19 pandemic, the practice of allowing birth companions was suspended temporarily but was rolled out again after the second wave of COVID-19 in COVID-19-negative and COVID-19 suspect labour wards.ResultsThe median value of the percentage of mothers accompanied by birth companions marginally increased to 20% after the first PDSA cycle. Finally, after multiple PDSA cycles, we could achieve our goal in 8 weeks. During a pandemic, the project was suspended temporarily during the first two waves but was revived again and we succeeded in reaching the desired goal and sustaining the policy after fewer PDSA cycles compared with the first phase.ConclusionThe application of QI methodology and teamwork is pivotal in implementing any novel idea for patient care without additional infrastructure, manpower or financial resources.
Effects of medication procurement reforms and extended prescription duration on medication coverage for hypertension in India’s public health system: a modelling study
Authors: Marklund Matti , Mattingly T Joseph , Sahoo Swagata Kumar , Kaur Prabhdeep , Moran Andrew E , Appel Lawrence J , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo estimate the effects of procurement reforms and extended prescription duration on medication coverage for hypertension in India’s public health system.DesignSimulation study incorporating data from governmental medication price lists, prescription pattern analyses, and market sales surveys.SettingSimulated hypothetical public healthcare facility in India treating 1000 patients with hypertension.ParticipantsPatients with medication-treated hypertension.Interventions(1) Focused procurement by reducing antihypertensive medication classes from 5 to 3 and selecting one medication within class; (2) Increased use of single-pill combinations (SPC) and (3) Only SPC dispensation. The base scenario consisted of procurement of multiple medications across classes, 1-month prescription duration and no use of SPC. We repeated all scenarios with extended prescription duration (3 months vs 1 month).Main outcome measuresMedication coverage is defined as the maximum number of patients with adequate medication without exceeding the base scenario budget.ResultsWith 1-month prescriptions, focused procurement alone was estimated to increase medication coverage by 17.8% (95% uncertainty interval: 16.2%; 19.6%) compared with the base scenario. Medication coverage improved by 3.6% (2.8%; 4.4%) with increased SPC use and by 10.3% (8.3%; 12.3%) with only SPC dispensation. Combining focused procurement and increased SPC use increased medication coverage by 20.2% (18.3%; 22.1%). When the prescription duration was extended to 3 months, the medication coverage was further increased by ~40% (eg, net improvement of ~60% with focused procurement, increased SPC use and 3-month prescriptions vs the base scenario).ConclusionsWith a fixed budget for medication procurement and dispensation, the combination of focused procurement, increased SPC use and extended prescription periods could substantially increase the number of patients who receive hypertension medications in India’s public health system. Our study highlights the benefits of implementing these reforms to scale up medication coverage for hypertension in India and potentially elsewhere.
What all physicians should know about women’s health: a Delphi study
Authors: de Heer-Koster Merel H , Benedetto Chiara , Bjegović-Mikanović Vesna , Banaitytė-Baleišienė Indre , Perdiou Mary , Gerdts Eva , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Mazières Julien , McGregor Alyson , Newman Connie , Price Susanna , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine , Stankevičiūtė Simona , Sommer Iris E , Stadler Gertraud , Thibaut Florence , van 't Land Karine , Wermer Marieke , Wilbur Kerry , Scheele Fedde 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesOver the past few decades, knowledge of women’s health regarding sex and gender differences in health has increased but transfer of these new insights into medical education and clinical practice is lagging, resulting in substandard care for women compared with men. This study aimed to reach consensus on what all physicians taking care of women should know about women’s health.MethodsA Delphi study was executed involving statements prepared by experts in women’s health across 10 medical specialties and a patient advisory board. Participants were recruited from Europe and Northern America through the experts’ networks and snowball sampling. Participants voted IN/OUT on each statement based on its perceived relevance and feasibility for general physician knowledge, regardless of specialty. The statements were ranked according to a >80% consensus in the first Delphi round and a 4-point Likert scale in the second Delphi round.ResultsIn the first round, 44 participants fully completed the survey. 18 statements progressed to the second round, in which four additional statements were included based on participant suggestions. In the final round, 35 responses on the 22 selected statements resulted in consensus on 18 statements of the highest importance, within the following domains: the societal position of women in health, patient perception of disease and treatment, differences in symptomatology, pharmacological considerations and the impact of the female life cycle on health and disease.ConclusionConsensus was reached on the top priority clinical conditions and public health issues in women’s health, resulting in a list of 18 statements on women’s health that every physician caring for women should know, regardless of specialty. There was also consensus on the importance of incorporating these insights into medical education. The next step involves implementing women’s health education in medical schools, postgraduate education and continuing education for medical specialists.
Urine proteomics defines an immune checkpoint-associated nephritis signature
Authors: Long James P , Singh Shailbala , Dong Yanlan , Yee Cassian , Lin Jamie S 
Published: January 2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a cornerstone treatment for many cancers, but it can induce severe immunotoxicity, including acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). Currently, kidney biopsy is required to differentiate ICI-AIN from other causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, this invasive approach can lead to morbidity, delayed glucocorticoid treatment for patients with AIN, and unnecessarily prolonged suspension of ICI therapy in non-AIN patients. Delayed or incorrect diagnosis of ICI-AIN is particularly detrimental, as over 50% of patients are at risk of permanent renal damage. Thus, there is an urgent need for non-invasive biomarkers that can rapidly and accurately distinguish ICI-AIN from other causes of AKI.The urine and plasma proteome contain actively secreted proteins that provide real-time insights into dynamic physiological processes. However, identification of effective biomarkers of disease using established technologies such as proximity ligation assays (PLA) and bead-based immunoassays is challenging due to their limited sensitivity and loss of precision in multiplex analysis.To address this, we employed cutting-edge NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA) technology to measure protein expression in urine and plasma samples from AKI patients undergoing ICI therapy. NULISA offers 10,000-fold greater precision than PLA, enabling quantification of over 200 inflammatory proteins with unprecedented precision. Our analysis revealed that urine was more sensitive and specific than plasma in distinguishing ICI-AIN from non-AIN cases. Pathway analyses highlighted the involvement of JAK-STAT and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling in ICI-AIN pathogenesis. We identified several novel urine biomarkers, including IL-5, Fas, TNFSF4, CD274, IL-20, TNFSF15, TSLP, TREM1 and CCL1 while confirming previously reported markers such as CXCL9 and TNF-α. Using statistical and machine learning methods, we constructed a novel urine biomarker signature—IL-5+Fas—that achieved an area under the curve of 0.94 for diagnosing ICI-AIN.By leveraging high-sensitivity proteomics, we developed a non-invasive strategy for diagnosing ICI-AIN. This approach will enable earlier intervention to mitigate immunotoxicity, preservation of antitumor efficacy of ICI therapy in non-AIN patients, and safe rechallenge of ICI therapy in patients previously treated for ICI-AIN.
Stretching, isometrics, and aerobic exercise for decreasing blood pressure post-exercise: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Keller Charlie , Chilibeck Philip D. 
Published: January 2025

We compared stretching, isometrics, and aerobic exercise for effectiveness in decreasing blood pressure post-exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, 5 males and 4 females (21.3 years; normotensive) participated in four 30 min sessions on separate days: static stretching (30 s stretches, major muscle groups), isometric exercise, aerobic cycling (75% VO2peak), and control (rest), with blood pressure and heart rate measured before exercise (or rest) and for 60 min post-exercise (or rest). Aerobic exercise and stretching decreased post-exercise systolic blood pressure (∼10 mmHg each) ( p < 0.05), whereas isometric exercise and the control condition did not significantly decrease post-exercise blood pressure. Stretching is similar to aerobic exercise for reducing blood pressure post-exercise. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06628635.
Relative measurement and extrapolation of the scintillation quenching factor of $$\alpha $$-particles in liquid argon using DEAP-3600 data
Authors:   DEAP Collaboration, Adhikari P. , Alpízar-Venegas M. , Amaudruz P.-A. , Anstey J. , Auty D. J. , Batygov M. , Beltran B. , Bina C. E. , Bonivento W. , Boulay M. G. , Bueno J. F. , Cai B. , Cárdenas-Montes M. , Choudhary S. , Cleveland B. T. , Crampton R. , Daugherty S. , DelGobbo P. , Di Stefano P. , Dolganov G. , Doria L. , Duncan F. A. , Dunford M. , Ellingwood E. , Erlandson A. , Farahani S. S. , Fatemighomi N. , Fiorillo G. , Ford R. J. , Gahan D. , Gallacher D. , García Abia P. , Garg S. , Giampa P. , Giménez-Alcázar A. , Goeldi D. , Gorel P. , Graham K. , Hallin A. L. , Hamstra M. , Haskins S. , Hu J. , Hucker J. , Hugues T. , Ilyasov A. , Jigmeddorj B. , Jillings C. J. , Kaur G. , Yazdi M. Khoshraftar , Kemp A. , Kuźniak M. , La Zia F. , Lai M. , Langrock S. , Lehnert B. , Levashko N. , Lissia M. , Luzzi L. , Machulin I. , Maru A. , Mason J. , McDonald A. B. , McElroy T. , McLaughlin J. B. , Mielnichuk C. , Mirasola L. , Moharana A. , Monroe J. , Murray A. , Ng C. , Oliviéro G. , Olszewski M. , Pal S. , Papi D. , Park B. , Perry M. , Pesudo V. , Pollmann T. R. , Rad F. , Rethmeier C. , Retière F. , Roszkowski L. , Santorelli R. , Schuckman II F. G. , Seth S. , Shalamova V. , Skensved P. , Smirnova T. , Sobotkiewich K. , Sonley T. , Sosiak J. , Soukup J. , Stainforth R. , Stringer M. , Tang J. , Vázquez-Jáuregui E. , Viel S. , Vyas B. , Walczak M. , Walding J. , Ward M. , Westerdale S. , Wormington R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The knowledge of scintillation quenching of

$$\alpha $$

α

-particles plays a paramount role in understanding

$$\alpha $$

α

-induced backgrounds and improving the sensitivity of liquid argon-based direct detection of dark matter experiments. We performed a relative measurement of scintillation quenching in the MeV energy region using radioactive isotopes (

$$^{222}$$

222

Rn,

$$^{218}$$

218

Po and

$$^{214}$$

214

Po isotopes) present in trace amounts in the DEAP-3600 detector and quantified the uncertainty of extrapolating the quenching factor to the low-energy region.
Theoretical study of the open-flavored tetraquark $$T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$$ in the process $$\bar{B}_s^0 \rightarrow K^0 D^0 \pi ^0$$
Authors: Lyu Wen-Tao , Duan Man-Yu , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Dian-Yong , Wang En 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently, the LHCb Collaboration has measured two decay processes

$$B^0\rightarrow \bar{D}^0D_s^+\pi ^-$$

B
0

→

D

¯

0

D
s
+

π
-

and

$$B^+\rightarrow D^-D_s^+\pi ^+$$

B
+

→

D
-

D
s
+

π
+

related to isospin symmetry, where two new open-flavored tetraquark states

$$T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)^0$$

T

c

s

¯

(
2900
)

0

and

$$T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)^{++}$$

T

c

s

¯

(
2900
)

+
+

that belong to an isospin triplet were observed in the

$$D_s^+\pi ^-$$

D
s
+

π
-

and

$$D_s^+\pi ^+$$

D
s
+

π
+

invariant mass distributions. In this work, we have investigated the validity of the process

$$\bar{B}_s^0\rightarrow K^0D^0\pi ^0$$

B

¯

s
0

→

K
0

D
0

π
0

as the promising process to confirm the existence of

$$T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)^0$$

T

c

s

¯

(
2900
)

0

resonance. Taking into account the tetraquark state

$$T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$$

T

c

s

¯

(
2900
)

, as well as intermediate resonances

$$K^*(892)$$

K
∗

(
892
)

,

$$K_0^*(1430)$$

K
0
∗

(
1430
)

, and

$$K_2^*(1430)$$

K
2
∗

(
1430
)

, it has been shown that a clear peak of the open-flavored tetraquark

$$T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$$

T

c

s

¯

(
2900
)

appears in the

$$K^0D^0$$

K
0

D
0

invariant mass distribution of the process

$$\bar{B}_s^0\rightarrow K^0D^0\pi ^0$$

B

¯

s
0

→

K
0

D
0

π
0

, which could be tested by future experiments.
Higgs alignment from multicritical-point principle in two Higgs doublet models
Authors: Kawai Hikaru , Kawana Kiyoharu , Oda Kin-ya , Yagyu Kei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In models with non-minimal Higgs sectors, enforcing (near) Higgs alignment, necessary to prevent significant deviations in the Higgs boson coupling from the standard model prediction, causes a serious fine-tuning problem. We demonstrate that the Higgs alignment is naturally deduced from the multicritical point principle (MPP) in the general two Higgs doublet model while keeping non-zero CP-violating phases. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of realizing the Yukawa alignment from the MPP, which is necessary to prevent flavor-changing neutral currents mediated by Higgs bosons at tree level, and find that it seems difficult to realize it by the MPP due to the non-diagonal structure of the CKM matrix.
Drop-off characteristics of film flow on inclined fibers
Authors: Pour Karimi Atefeh , Hormann Bernhard , Askarizadeh Hossein , Rohlfs Wilko , Scheid Benoit , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents an empirical analysis of a film flow dropping-off from an inclined fiber substrate, where the fiber diameter is on the order of the capillary length. The investigation aims to elucidate the dynamics of beads traveling down the inclined fibers. We explore the parameters influencing the bead’s final shape and their stability on the substrate (in terms of detaching or not detaching) in a flow driven by gravity and affected by surface tension and inertia. Three different growth modes and their connection to the two main existing drop-off mechanisms of beads on inclined fibers, namely drop-off due to unsaturated growth and drop-off due to coalescence events, are established and demonstrated. A new parameter,

$$\Phi$$

Φ

, is introduced, which includes information about the shape of the beads and its connection to the flow conditions. If

$$\Phi >1$$

Φ
>
1

, the bead exhibits a rather sinusoidal shape, indicating that its formation is predominantly influenced by surface tension. If

$$\Phi < 1$$

Φ
<
1

, the bead is subjected to front-steepening due to an inertia-dominated flow. If

$$\Phi =1$$

Φ
=
1

, the bead’s tail aligns with the direction of gravity, experiencing unsaturated growth until it drops off, which indicates a flow condition driven primarily by gravitational forces. Furthermore, this study offers a quantitative experimental basis for flow parameters on inclined fibers, including Nusselt film thickness, healing length within the unperturbed film and rate of growth of beads at the end of healing length, beads crest height, beads velocity, and parameter

$$\Phi$$

Φ

for future comparison to theoretical and numerical modelling.