bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Input Coupled and Output Coupled Power Split Transmission Performance Under Comprehensive Working Conditions
Authors: Marani Pietro , Chiarabelli Damiano , Gessi Silvia , Martelli Massimo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Power Split Continuously Variable Transmissions are becoming a prominent topic, made recently popular for the extensive use of this architecture in hybrid passenger cars, even though one of the most important and well-established applications is those of agricultural tractors.
The paper will present the comparison between a current production tractor Power Split Input Coupled (IC) architecture and an Output Coupled (OC) designed and set up by the authors, both of which feature hydrostatic transmission as the variable unit. Both the IC and OC architectures will be modelled with a lumped parameter approach, representing the full vehicle and taking into account all the elements from the engine, to hydraulics, to mechanical transmission, until the wheel, including a proper electronic logic control. The models will be used to calculate and compare the power flows through the different paths of the Power Split architecture in different types of cycle.
The first class of cycles is an ideal reference condition, which imposes a constant load power, varying the output speed, and can be useful to understand the operating limits and performance of the hydraulic units and to assess the overall efficiency in a comprehensive range of operating conditions. The second class of cycles are taken from DLG-Powermix, which represent some of the most common field and on road working cycles (transport, plough, cultivator etc.). This part will be able to evaluate the energy performance and to determine the impact of hydraulic losses on overall consumption in significant working conditions, thus highlighting the higher efficiency, up to 12% better, which is obtained through the implementation of the alternative output coupled architecture.
Investigation of Lubrication Film Thickness Modeling in Speed Variable Hydraulic Drives Using Adaptive Ultrasound Reflectometry
Authors: Hansen Elias Vagn , Johansen Per 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A common simplification in tribological modeling assumes negligible tribodynamics. This study investigates the usability of tribological models with this assumption to describe hydraulic speed-variable drive-type systems. The study also investigates a plug-and-play tuning strategy for adaptive ultrasound reflectometry-based lubrication thickness measurements. The investigation compares dynamic and steady-state tribological modeling approaches and adaptive ultrasound reflectometry using experimental testing of a journal bearing setup. Simulations and ultrasound reflectometry give similar results regarding system vibrations, but discrepancies occur with large changes in rotational speed. Ultrasound measurements differ from simulations in the absolute level of lubrication film thickness, likely due to a lack of accuracy and robustness. Tribological models without dynamics are from this study believed to provide substantial system information at a much lower computational cost than dynamic models. The results are however limited by the current state of ultrasound reflectometry.
Using a Novel Variable Displacement Linkage Motor to Save Fuel in a Compact Track Loader Drivetrain
Authors: Hartoyo Justinus K. , Voth John A. F. , Pozo-Palacios Jonatan , Boyce-Erickson Grey , Herrera-Perez Martin , Li Perry Y. , Van de Ven James D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the potential of variable displacement motors to reduce energy consumption in a compact track loader’s drivetrain. While conventional track motors are fixed displacements, variable displacement motors offer operational flexibility that enables downsizing of the drivetrain pumps and hybridization. The Variable Displacement Linkage Motor (VDLM) is specifically designed for low-speed, high-torque applications without the need for a gearbox. The linkage mechanisms and rolling element bearings offer high mechanical efficiency even at reduced displacements. A multi-cylinder prototype of the VDLM has been experimentally tested and its performance map incorporated into numerical models of various drivetrain configurations to evaluate its potential to save energy. Two modified drivetrains are considered: conventional hydrostatic transmission (HST) with pump downsizing and series hybrid configuration. By considering the optimal control of the hydrostatic drivetrain with downsized pumps and the series hybrid drivetrain through static optimization and dynamic programming, it is found that VDLM can reduce fuel consumption by 5.1% with downsizing of the HST pumps, and by 43.0% in a series-hybrid configuration.
Extended Disturbance Observer-Based Sliding Mode Fault-Tolerant Control for the Dual-Valve Hydraulic Servo System With Reduced-Order Model
Authors: Hu Huibing , Wei Jianhua , Zhang Qiang , Fang Jinhui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of an extended disturbance observer-based fault tolerant control method for a dual-valve hydraulic servo system applied in mobile machinery. The dual-valve hydraulic servo system comprises a parallel configuration of a proportional valve and a servo valve, which act as system actuators to drive a hydraulic cylinder. In this article, the external disturbance and actuator faults are integrated together into a new lumped uncertainty term by reducing the system order in the way of introducing singular perturbation theory. Thus, an extended state disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance term. To tackle those serious actuator failures in view of the parallel valves and guarantee system tracking performance, a switching function index is proposed. Additionally, a sliding mode control scheme is deployed to enhance the performance of the control law by suppressing the estimated disturbance and the effects of the actuator faults. The global stability of the suggested control algorithm is proved through the Lyapunov theory. Finally, co-simulations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed fault-tolerant controller together with the extended disturbance observer, provides excellent tracking performance in the presence of external disturbance, and valve faults such as jam or failure.
Novel Approaches for the Design of a Human-Powered Hydraulic Vehicle
Authors: Guevara-Ocana Santiago , Azzam Israa , Poore Jacob R. , Solorio Jose , Garcia-Bravo Jose M. , Breidi Farid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A hydrostatic bicycle, an application of light-duty hydraulic-hybrid transmissions, is a human-powered vehicle that uses pressurized fluid to transmit power to the wheels. Unlike conventional bicycles, this vehicle offers four operating modes: boost, cruising, charging, and regenerative braking. To fulfill these features, hydraulic, mechanical, electrical, and electronic components are required, leading to a complex design task considering the power availability and physical constraints. The Fluid Power Club at Purdue University developed a virtual twin of the vehicle in a mixed-reality (MR) environment for validating the design before moving to the manufacturing and construction phases. This technology allows the coexistence of virtual objects in physical environments using computers and wearable devices. This work discusses the development of a virtual representation of the proposed hydrostatic bicycle in a MR environment after specifying its desired performance and constraints. The virtual assembly of components was deployed on a headset used by industry mentors and academic advisors to provide valuable feedback concerning the layout and manufacturing considerations. This process assisted the team in making the best decisions during the conceptual design phase, saving valuable resources by helping them visualize and collaborate effectively. MR enables visualizing fluid-powered systems and their components in 3-D, thus becoming an immersive educational and training technology.
Machine Learning for Fault Diagnosis and Operation Mode Detection in Hydraulic Cylinders
Authors: Solorio Jose A. , Garcia-Bravo Jose M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Applications of hydraulic systems are found today in a wide variety of devices, mostly in industrial and mobile machines. When extending the life and ensuring the correct operation of these machines is critical, analytical tools that provide more accurate information about the functioning and operation of these systems must be integrated to make proactive decisions. In industrial and mobile applications, there are many sensors and methods for measuring and determining the state of process variables (e.g., flow, pressure, force). However, little has been done to implement a system that can provide users with equipment status information related to on-machine hydraulics status. Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) technology and machine learning (ML) models in hydraulic system components is presented here as a solution to the challenges many industries face today, optimizing processes and making them safer and more efficient. This research paper presents the implementation of a solution for characterizing and estimating anomalies in hydraulic cylinders, one of the most versatile and widely used components in fluid-powered systems. This work describes AI and ML models implemented to determine the operating state of cylinders and whether they function normally, in specific failure modes, or in abnormal conditions that can be predicted before a catastrophic failure occurs. The models applied demonstrated over 95% level of accuracy in predicting a malfunction of the component studied and presented in this work.
Experimental Investigation of an Innovative High-Speed External Gear Pump Prototype for Advanced Electro-Hydraulic Actuated Automotive Transmissions
Authors: Milani Massimo , Montorsi Luca , Paltrinieri Fabrizio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper the main performance parameters of an innovative high-speed external gear pump have been measured and analyzed for verifying its potential use as a reliable and efficient power unit for advanced electro-hydraulic actuated, automotive transmissions. More in detail, in order to deal with extremely challenging operating conditions, mainly in terms of rotational speed and delivery pressure, this volumetric machine is equipped with both two suction and delivery ports.
Firstly, the most important hydraulic and mechanical performance parameters have been acquired and evaluated, over a wide range of rotational speeds, spanning between 500 and 7000 rpm, and for two different operating temperatures, respectively equal to 40 and 60 °C.
With the aim to demonstrate the consistency of the implemented experimental procedure, two external gear pump prototypes, with the same design geometrical features, have been tested and compared, also with equivalent measurements provided by the pump manufacturer.
All the experimental tests have been completed with the help of a custom-tailored test bench, equipped with a double Cardan joint and an overdrive, specifically designed for running the pump at high rotational speed and applying a delivery pressure of about 45 bar, very near to a typical actuation value of a modern high-performance automotive transmission.
Finally, an interesting hydraulic layout, where a fraction of the overall volumetric flow rate delivered by the pump is recirculated through the secondary suction port, has been tested and compared with the standard setup where both the suction ports are directly connected to an atmospheric pressure tank. The main performance parameters measured for the two cases are very similar and, thus, the recirculating configuration can be considered as a very promising design solution for the entire actuation system.
At the end of this thorough experimental study, it is possible to conclude that the high-speed external gear pump prototypes tested and analyzed can be considered a reliable and effective alternative hydraulic power unit for advanced high-performance electro-hydraulic actuated automotive transmissions.
Effects of sclerostin injection on soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle tissue in male mice
Authors: Stoikos Joshua , Kurgan Nigel , Kottaras Steven , Fajardo Val A. , Gittings William , Klentrou Panagiota 
Published: November 2023

Sclerostin, a potent inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, plays a critical role in bone homeostasis. Evidence suggests that sclerostin may also be involved in crosstalk between other tissues, including muscle. This pilot study attempted to examine the effects of sclerostin on soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle tissue from male mice that were given continuous recombinant sclerostin injections for 4 weeks. A total of 48 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to be sedentary or perform 1 h treadmill running per day for 4 weeks and administered subcutaneous injections of either saline or recombinant sclerostin 5 days/week. Sclerostin injection led to a reduction in the soleus myosin heavy chain (MHC) I, MHC I/IIA, MHC IIA/X, and MHC IIB cross-sectional area ( p < 0.05) with no exercise effects on these reductions. In contrast, there were no effects of sclerostin injections or exercise on the fast-twitch EDL muscle in terms of size, MHC protein, or markers of Wnt signaling. These findings provide preliminary evidence of sclerostin’s endocrine role in muscle via decreases in myofiber cross-sectional area, which seems to be independent of fiber type but muscle type-specific. More studies, however, are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
How to be Critical of Security Today? Life in Motion, Untimeliness and the Critique of End-Thinking
Authors: Huysmans Jef 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article starts from the observation of intense political mobilisations of existential endings. One of the defining challenges for critical engagements with such mobilisations remains how to take war, environmental degradation and pandemics seriously without making existential end-times the conditions that define the present. The article proposes to move beyond critical knowledge that makes security contingent and engage with the conception of life inscribed in the mobilisations of existential endings. It puts forward a concept of life that emphasises continuous movement rather than defining it from the perspective of its inevitable end in death. This point of view challenges traditional existential notions of life and death, highlighting instead the dynamic and transformative nature of life itself.
Comparative genotypic characterization related to antibiotic resistance phenotypes of clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MTC1106 (ST2) and MTC0619 (ST25)
Authors: Wiradiputra Made Rai Dwitya , Thirapanmethee Krit , Khuntayaporn Piyatip , Wanapaisan Pagakrong , Chomnawang Mullika Traidej 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in nosocomial infections and its remarkable ability to develop antimicrobial resistance have been a critical issue in hospital settings. Here, we examined the genomic features related to resistance phenotype displayed by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) MTC1106 (ST2) and MTC0619 (ST25).

Results
Resistome analysis of both strains revealed that MTC1106 possessed higher numbers of antimicrobial resistance genes compared to MTC0619. Some of those genetic determinants were present in accordance with the susceptibility profile of the isolates. The predicted ISAba1 region upstream of blaOXA-23 gene was related to carbapenem resistance since this IS element was well-characterized to mediate overexpression of carbapenemase genes and eventually provided capability to confer resistance. Unlike MTC0619 strain, which only carried class B and D β-lactamase genes, MTC1106 strain also possessed blaTEM-1D, a class A β-lactamase. Regarding to aminoglycosides resistance, MTC0619 contained 5 related genes in which all of them belonged to three groups of aminoglycosides modifying enzyme (AME), namely, N-acetyltransferase (AAC), O-nucleotidyltransferase (ANT), and O-phosphotransferase (APH). On the other hand, MTC1106 lacked only the AAC of which found in MTC0619, yet it also carried an armA gene encoding for 16S rRNA methyltransferase. Two macrolides resistance genes, mph(E) and msr(E), were identified next to the armA gene of MTC1106 isolate in which they encoded for macrolide 2’-phosphotransferase and ABC-type efflux pump, respectively. Besides acquired resistance genes, some chromosomal genes and SNPs associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones (i.e. gyrA and parC) and colistin (i.e. pmrCAB, eptA, and emrAB) were observed. However, gene expression analysis suggested that the genetic determinants significantly contributing to low-level colistin resistance remained unclear. In addition, similar number of efflux pumps genes were identified in both lineages with only the absence of adeC, a part of adeABC RND-type multidrug efflux pump in MTC0619 strain.

Conclusions
We found that MTC1106 strain harbored more antimicrobial resistance genes and showed higher resistance to antibiotics than MTC0619 strain. Regarding genomic characterization, this study was likely the first genome comparative analysis of CARB that specifically included isolates belonging to ST2 and ST25 which were widely spread in Thailand. Taken altogether, this study suggests the importance to monitor the resistance status of circulating A. baumannii clones and identify genes that may contribute to shifting the resistance trend among isolates.
PLC1 mediated Cycloastragenol-induced stomatal movement by regulating the production of NO in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kong Juantao , Chen Rongshan , Liu Ruirui , Wang Wei , Wang Simin , Zhang Jinping , Yang Ning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Astragalus grows mainly in drought areas. Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a tetracyclic triterpenoid allelochemical extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus root. Phospholipase C (PLC) and Gα-submit of the heterotrimeric G-protein (GPA1) are involved in many biotic or abiotic stresses. Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial gas signal molecule in plants.

Results
In this study, using the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), the results showed that low concentrations of CAG induced stomatal closure, and high concentrations inhibited stomatal closure. 30 µmol·L−1 CAG significantly increased the relative expression levels of PLC1 and GPA1 and the activities of PLC and GTP hydrolysis. The stomatal aperture of plc1, gpa1, and plc1/gpa1 was higher than that of WT under CAG treatment. CAG increased the fluorescence intensity of NO in guard cells. Exogenous application of c-PTIO to WT significantly induced stomatal aperture under CAG treatment. CAG significantly increased the relative expression levels of NIA1 and NOA1. Mutants of noa1, nia1, and nia2 showed that NO production was mainly from NOA1 and NIA1 by CAG treatment. The fluorescence intensity of NO in guard cells of plc1, gpa1, and plc1/gpa1 was lower than WT, indicating that PLC1 and GPA1 were involved in the NO production in guard cells. There was no significant difference in the gene expression of PLC1 in WT, nia1, and noa1 under CAG treatment. The gene expression levels of NIA1 and NOA1 in plc1, gpa1, and plc1/gpa1 were significantly lower than WT, indicating that PLC1 and GPA1 were positively regulating NO production by regulating the expression of NIA1 and NOA1 under CAG treatment.

Conclusions
These results suggested that the NO accumulation was essential to induce stomatal closure under CAG treatment, and GPA1 and PLC1 acted upstream of NO.
Evolution of neuroimaging findings in angioinvasive cerebral aspergillosis in a pediatric patient with leukemia during long-term observation
Authors: Amanati Ali , Lotfi Mehrzad , Abdolkarimi Babak , Karimi Rouzbahani Arian , Mahmoudvand Golnaz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe central nervous system is one of the most common sites of aspergillosis involvement in immunocompromised people, just after sinopulmonary infections. Neuroimaging modalities are crucial for the diagnosis of cerebral aspergillosis (CA). Here, we describe a rare case of concurrent mixed aspergillosis infection with Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger in a 2-year-old leukemic boy. The first neuroimaging finding, which was followed by focal seizures, was recognized as extensive cerebral hemorrhage in the absence of thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. As the patient survived for more than 4 months after diagnosis, we were able to perform a neuroimaging evaluation during long-term observation. In serial neuroimaging studies, a secondary fungal abscess was observed at the site of hemorrhagic infarctions. Finally, the patient died from bacterial sepsis. In this case study, we try to categorize the neuroimaging findings of CA into distinct phases to better understand how CA changes over time.
Genetic diversity of merozoite surface protein-5 (MSP-5) of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Malaria patients in Iran
Authors: Mansouri Sholeh , Heidari Aliehsan , Keshavarz Hossein , Fallah Parviz , Bairami Amir , Mahmoudi Elaheh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalaria has not yet been eradicated in Iran, and Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) is the main cause of malaria in the country. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the amount of genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-5 (PvMSP-5) exon 1 gene in the southeast of Iran.Thirty-five patients with clinical symptoms of P. vivax malaria participated. The exon 1 of PvMSP-5 was amplified by PCR, and the PCR product of all isolates was sequenced, and genetic polymorphisms were determined using various genetic software.The analysis showed that studied isolates are different from one another in the DnaSP software version. Out of the 612 sites, 477 were monomorphic and 135 were segregated. The total number of mutations was 143. The singleton variable and the parsimony informative sites were 23 and 112, respectively. There were 17 specific haplotypes with haplotype diversity equal to 0.943. Nucleotide diversity was equal to 0.06766 in the isolates. The ratio of nonsynonymous (0.06446) to synonymous (0.07909) mutations was 0.815020. Tajima’s D, which expressed coding, and non-coding regions, was 0.72403, which was not deemed significant (P > 0.10).The analysis of intrapopulation diversity revealed nucleotide and haplotype diversity in the msp-5 gene of Iranian P. vivax isolates. In addition to balancing or purifying selection, intragenic recombination also contributed to the variation observed in exon 1 of PvMSP-5, according to the findings.