bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Guideline-Directed Prophylaxis With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Adult Patients: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Andrew Benjamin Y. , Holmes Romel , Taicher Brad M. , Habib Ashraf S. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Consensus guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis recommend a risk-based approach in which the number of antiemetics administered is based on a preoperative estimate of PONV risk. These guidelines have been adapted by the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) to serve as measures of clinician and hospital compliance with guideline-recommended care. However, the impact of this approach on clinical outcomes is not known.

METHODS:
We performed a single-center, retrospective study of adult patients undergoing general anesthesia from 2018 to 2021. Risk factors for PONV were defined using MPOG definitions: female sex, history of PONV or motion sickness, nonsmoker, inhaled anesthesia >60 minutes, high-risk procedure (cholecystectomy, laparoscopic, gynecologic), and age <50 years. Adequate prophylaxis was defined using the MPOG PONV-05 metric: at least 2 agents for patients with 1 to 2 risk factors and at least 3 agents for patients with 3+ risk factors. PONV was defined as documented PONV or receipt of rescue antiemetics. To estimate the association between adequate prophylaxis and PONV, we used Bayesian binomial models with overlap propensity score weighting.

RESULTS:
We included 76,703 cases (43% receiving adequate prophylaxis) with PONV occurring in 19%. In unadjusted and unweighted comparison, adequate prophylaxis was associated with increased incidence of PONV: median odds ratio 1.21 (95% credible interval [1.16–1.25]). However, after propensity score weighting and multivariable adjustment, adequate prophylaxis was associated with reduced relative and absolute risk for PONV: weighted marginal median odds ratio 0.90 [0.84–0.98] and absolute risk reduction (ARR) 1.6% [0.6%–2.6%]. There was evidence for a differential effect of adequate prophylaxis across the guideline-defined risk spectrum, with benefit seen in patients with 1 to 5 risk factors (conditional probabilities of benefit >0.81), but not in those at high predicted risk. Patient-specific, covariate-adjusted ARR was heterogeneous, with a median patient-specific conditional probability of benefit of 0.84 (95% credible interval, 0.73–0.90).

CONCLUSIONS:
Guideline-directed PONV prophylaxis is associated with a modest reduction in PONV, although this effect is small and heterogeneous on the absolute scale. We found evidence for a differential association between adequate prophylaxis and PONV across the guideline-defined risk spectrum, with diminution in patients at very high predicted preoperative risk. While patient-specific benefit was heterogenous, most patients had reasonably high predicted probabilities of absolute benefit from a guideline-directed strategy. Further assessment of these associations in a multicenter setting, with more robust investigation of risk prediction methods will allow for better understanding of the optimal approach to PONV prophylaxis.
Palpation Versus Ultrasonography for Identifying the Cricothyroid Membrane in Case of a Laterally Deviated Larynx: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lohse Robin , Wagner Nanna , Kristensen Michael Seltz 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Large neck circumference and displacement of the trachea due to pathology increase the risk of failed identification of the cricothyroid membrane and cricothyroidotomy. We investigated whether ultrasound aids in the successful identification of the cricothyroid membrane in a model of an obese neck with midline deviation of the trachea.

METHODS:
We developed silicone neck models that were suitable for both palpation and ultrasonography and where the trachea deviated laterally from the midline to either side. After reading a book chapter and participating in a 25-minute lecture and a 15- to 23-minute hands-on demonstration and rehearsal of ultrasonography for identification of the cricothyroid membrane, anesthesiologists and anesthesiology residents randomly performed identification with either ultrasound or palpation on 1 of 2 neck models.

RESULTS:
We included 57 participants, of whom 29 and 28 were randomized to palpation and ultrasound, respectively. Correct identification of the cricothyroid membrane was achieved by 21 (75.0%) vs 1 (3.5%) of participants in the ultrasound versus palpation groups (risk ratio [RR], 21.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.1–151.0]). The tracheal midline position in the sagittal plane was identified correctly by 24 (85.7%) vs 16 (55.2%) of participants in the ultrasound versus palpation groups (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1–2.2]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Identification of the cricothyroid membrane in a model of an obese neck with midline deviation of the trachea was more often successful with ultrasound compared to palpation. Our study supports the potential use of ultrasound before induction of anesthesia and airway management in this group of patients, and it may even be applied in emergency situations when ultrasound is readily available. Further studies in human subjects should be conducted.
Analgesic Effect of Exercise on Neuropathic Pain via Regulating the Complement Component 3 of Reactive Astrocytes
Authors: Wang Chenghao , He Hui , Gao Tianchi , Sun Xinzheng , Du Lixia , Yang Yayue , Zhu Jianyu , Yang Yachen , Wang Yanqing , Mi Wenli 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Exercise has been proven to be an efficient intervention in attenuating neuropathic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive exercise analgesia remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of complement component 3 (C3) in neuropathic pain and whether antinociceptive effects are produced by exercise via regulating C3 in mice.

METHODS:
In this study, using a spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain mice model, C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups: Sham mice, SNI mice, and SNI + Exercise (Ex) mice with 30-minute low-intensity aerobic treadmill running (10 m/min, no inclination). Paw withdrawal threshold; thermal withdrawal latency; and glial fibrillary acidic protein, C3, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interlukin-1β expression in the spinal cord were monitored. C3 knockout (KO) mice were further used to verify the role of C3 in neuropathic pain.

RESULTS:
von Frey test, acetone test, and CatWalk gait analysis revealed that treadmill exercise for 4 weeks reversed pain behaviors. In addition, exercise reduced astrocyte reactivity (SNI mean = 14.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7–16.3; SNI + Ex mean = 10.3, 95% CI, 8.77–11.9, P = .0003 SNI + Ex versus SNI) and inflammatory responses in the spinal cord after SNI. Moreover, it suppressed the SNI-induced upregulation of C3 expression in the spinal cord (SNI mean = 5.46, 95% CI, 3.39–7.53; SNI + Ex mean = 2.41, 95% CI, 1.42–3.41, P = .0054 SNI + Ex versus SNI in Western blot). C3 deficiency reduced SNI-induced pain and spinal astrocyte reactivity (wild type mean = 7.96, 95% CI, 6.80–9.13; C3 KO mean = 5.98, 95% CI, 5.14–6.82, P = .0052 C3 KO versus wild type). Intrathecal injection of recombinant C3 (rC3) was sufficient to produce mechanical (rC3-Ex mean = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.15–1.39; rC3 mean = 0.18, 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.41, P = .0168 rC3-Ex versus rC3) and cold (rC3-Ex mean = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.40–1.77; rC3 mean = 3.46, 95% CI, 1.45–5.47, P = .0025 rC3-Ex versus rC3) allodynia in mice. Importantly, exercise training relieved C3-induced mechanical and cold allodynia, and the analgesic effect of exercise was attenuated by a subeffective dose of intrathecal injection of C3.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, these results suggest that exercise suppresses neuropathic pain by regulating astroglial C3 expression and function, thereby providing a rationale for the analgesic effect of exercise as an acceptable alternative approach for treating neuropathic pain.
Exploring the ATG9A interactome uncovers interaction with VPS13A
Authors: van Vliet Alexander R. , Jefferies Harold B. J. , Faull Peter A. , Chadwick Jessica , Ibrahim Fairouz , Skehel Mark J. , Tooze Sharon A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
ATG9A, a transmembrane protein of the core autophagy pathway, cycles between the Golgi, endosomes and a vesicular compartment. ATG9A was recently shown to act as a lipid scramblase, and this function is thought to require its interaction with another core autophagy protein, ATG2A, which acts as a lipid transfer protein. Together, ATG9A and ATG2A are proposed to function to expand the growing autophagosome. However, ATG9A is implicated in other pathways including membrane repair and lipid droplet homeostasis. To elucidate other ATG9A interactors within the autophagy pathway, or interactors beyond autophagy, we performed an interactome analysis through mass spectrometry. This analysis revealed a host of proteins involved in lipid synthesis and trafficking, including ACSL3, VPS13A and VPS13C. Furthermore, we show that ATG9A directly interacts with VPS13A and forms a complex that is distinct from the ATG9A–ATG2A complex.
Time-compensated sun compass in juvenile sprat (Sprattus sprattus) reveals the onset of migratory readiness
Authors: Laurien Malien , Spiecker Lisa , Luhrmann Lena , Mende Lara , Dammann Wiebke , Clemmesen Catriona , Gerlach Gabriele 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) is one of the most commercially exploited fish species in the Baltic Sea and expresses a pronounced seasonal migration pattern. Spawning takes place, among other places, in the Kiel Bight and Kiel Fjord in early summer. Juvenile sprat leave the nursery areas in late summer/early autumn to move to their feeding and overwintering grounds. What kind of orientation mechanisms sprat use for migration is not known yet. This study shows that juvenile sprat can use a time-compensated sun compass, heading towards the northeast, in the direction of their proposed overwintering grounds in Bornholm Basin. The sprats tested at the end of August oriented themselves in the predicted direction, whereas the sprats tested at the beginning of August only showed a random orientation. For the first time, this demonstrates the onset of migratory readiness in juvenile sprat, indicating the preparation for starting their migration.
Metabolic Costs of Walking with Weighted Vests
Authors: LOONEY DAVID P. , LAVOIE ELIZABETH M. , NOTLEY SEAN R. , HOLDEN LUCAS D. , ARCIDIACONO DANIELLE M. , POTTER ADAM W. , SILDER AMY , PASIAKOS STEFAN M. , ARELLANO CHRISTOPHER J. , KARIS ANTHONY J. , PRYOR J. LUKE , SANTEE WILLIAM R. , FRIEDL KARL E. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The US Army Load Carriage Decision Aid (LCDA) metabolic model is used by militaries across the globe and is intended to predict physiological responses, specifically metabolic costs, in a wide range of dismounted warfighter operations. However, the LCDA has yet to be adapted for vest-borne load carriage, which is commonplace in tactical populations, and differs in energetic costs to backpacking and other forms of load carriage.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a metabolic model term that accurately estimates the effect of weighted vest loads on standing and walking metabolic rate for military mission-planning and general applications.

Methods
Twenty healthy, physically active military-age adults (4 women, 16 men; age, 26 ± 8 yr old; height, 1.74 ± 0.09 m; body mass, 81 ± 16 kg) walked for 6 to 21 min with four levels of weighted vest loading (0 to 66% body mass) at up to 11 treadmill speeds (0.45 to 1.97 m·s−1). Using indirect calorimetry measurements, we derived a new model term for estimating metabolic rate when carrying vest-borne loads. Model estimates were evaluated internally by k-fold cross-validation and externally against 12 reference datasets (264 total participants). We tested if the 90% confidence interval of the mean paired difference was within equivalence limits equal to 10% of the measured walking metabolic rate. Estimation accuracy, precision, and level of agreement were also evaluated by the bias, standard deviation of paired differences, and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), respectively.

Results
Metabolic rate estimates using the new weighted vest term were statistically equivalent (P < 0.01) to measured values in the current study (bias, −0.01 ± 0.54 W·kg−1; CCC, 0.973) as well as from the 12 reference datasets (bias, −0.16 ± 0.59 W·kg−1; CCC, 0.963).

Conclusions
The updated LCDA metabolic model calculates accurate predictions of metabolic rate when carrying heavy backpack and vest-borne loads. Tactical populations and recreational athletes that train with weighted vests can confidently use the simplified LCDA metabolic calculator provided as Supplemental Digital Content to estimate metabolic rates for work/rest guidance, training periodization, and nutritional interventions.
Transient Customer Response to Data Breaches of Their Information
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Ghosh Pulak , Ruan Tianyue , Zhang Yunqi 
Published: January 2024

Cybersecurity breaches pose a substantial concern in the digital era. We investigate how customers respond to multiple unexpected data breaches of their information in India. Difference-in-differences estimates show that digital payments declined by 9% relative to cash payments immediately after an unexpected data breach in a food delivery platform, but the gap disappeared three months later. Customer entry and exit also exhibit weak, short-lived changes. Additional analyses on bank and online grocery data breaches uncover even weaker effects of data breaches. Our findings imply that the perceived benefits of convenience outweigh the costs of payment security risks.This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.Funding: This work was supported by the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences [Project 20YJC790183], National University of Singapore [Start-Up Grant A-0003870-00-00], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72150004], and the National Nature Science Foundation of China [Grant 72203112].Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01335 .
APLICAÇÕES CONTEXTUALIZADAS DE CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA NAS CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS BRASILEIRA
Authors: Douglas Vianna Bahiense  
Published: January 2024

As práticas tecnocientíficas estabelecem saberes, atribuições, significados e bens de produção. A produção do conhecimento científico nas sociedades modernas envolve um trabalho intersetorial de universidades e institutos de pesquisa, iniciativa privada e governo. Objetiva-se, com este artigo, contextualizar o desenvolvimento das ciências rurais brasileiras. A estrutura seguida na pesquisa bibliográfica será organizada em três tópicos para desenvolver as discussões: conceituações das ciências agrárias, análise histórica e dados das Ciências Agrárias nas universidades brasileiras. A fonte da pesquisa das publicações para o estado da arte é o banco de teses e dissertações da CAPES, onde o termo de busca é “ciências agrárias”. O primeiro ponto abordado é a finalidade das Ciências Agrárias, que desde a antiguidade foi aperfeiçoada em seus saberes para o aumento de produção. A evolução é tamanha que se subdividiram em vários segmentos com as respectivas prioridades tecnológicas. A segunda abordagem envolvida mostra as Ciências Agrárias na base educacional no Brasil, instalando-se no século XIX. Com a proeminência demanda no Brasil, e a necessidade da expansão dos cultivos, inauguraram-se os Programas de Pós-Graduação voltados para agricultura. No terceiro destaque, os resultados práticos da produção científica na área ao longo do tempo, indicando que o tema segue sendo predominantemente desenvolvido dentro das subdivisões das Ciências Agrárias, tanto nas áreas de avaliação quanto nas áreas de conhecimento, com valores estimados em 88,21% e 86,90%, respectivamente, das publicações levantadas.
Novel approach of ultrasound-guided lateral recess block for a patient with lateral recess stenosis: A case report
Authors: Yang Jiao , Li Xin-Ling , Li Qing-Bing 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Ultrasound guide technology, which can provide real-time visualization of the needle tip and tissues and avoid many adverse events, is widely used in minimally invasive therapy. However, the studies on ultrasound-guided Lateral recess block (LRB) are limited, this is probably because there is no recognized standard method for ultrasound scanning. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided LRB in patients with lateral recess stenosis (LRS).
CASE SUMMARY
A 65-year-old patient complained of low back pain accompanied occasionally by pain and numbness in the left lower limb. Physical examination showed tenderness on the spinous process and paraspinal muscles from L1 to S1, extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior weakness (muscle strength: 4−), and a positive straight leg raising test in the left lower limb (60°). Magnetic resonance imaging showed L4–L5 disc degeneration with left LRS and nerve root entrapment. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with LRS. This patient was treated with a novel ultrasound-guided LRB approach. The patient’s symptoms significantly improved without any complications at 1 wk postoperatively and at the 3-month follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This is the first report on the LRS treatment with ultrasound-guided LRB from the contralateral spinous process along the inner side of the articular process by out-plane technique. Further studies are expected to investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided LRB for patients with LRS.
Clinical efficacy and mechanism study of mid-frequency anti-snoring device in treating moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Qian Bao , Chen Zhan-Jun , Wang Yong-Sheng , Hu Xiao-Yan , Hu Xiao-Biao , Zheng Yong-Hua 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is primarily caused by airway obstruction due to narrowing and blockage in the nasal and nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, soft palate, and tongue base areas. The mid-frequency anti-snoring device is a new technology based on sublingual nerve stimulation. Its principle is to improve the degree of oropharyngeal airway stenosis in OSAHS patients under mid-frequency wave stimulation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of clinical application and imaging evidence.
AIM
To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of a mid-frequency anti-snoring device in treating moderate OSAHS.
METHODS
We selected 50 patients diagnosed with moderate OSAHS in our hospital between July 2022 and August 2023. They underwent a 4-wk treatment regimen involving the mid-frequency anti-snoring device during nighttime sleep. Following the treatment, we monitored and assessed the sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. Additionally, we performed computed tomography scans of the oropharynx in the awake state, during snoring, and while using the mid-frequency anti-snoring device. Cross-sectional area measurements in different states were taken at the narrowest airway point in the soft palate posterior and retrolingual areas.
RESULTS
Compared to pretreatment measurements, patients exhibited a significant reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index, the percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90%, snoring frequency, and the duration of the most prolonged apnea event. The lowest oxygen saturation showed a notable increase, and both sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores improved. Oropharyngeal computed tomography scans revealed that in OSAHS patients cross-sectional areas of the oropharyngeal airway in the soft palate posterior area and retrolingual area decreased during snoring compared to the awake state. Conversely, during mid-frequency anti-snoring device treatment, these areas increased compared to snoring.
CONCLUSION
The mid-frequency anti-snoring device demonstrates the potential to enhance various sleep parameters in patients with moderate OSAHS, thereby improving their quality of life and reducing daytime sleepiness. These therapeutic effects are attributed to the device’s ability to ameliorate the narrowing of the oropharynx in OSAHS patients.
Clinical significance of platelet mononuclear cell aggregates in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Huang Chong-Min , Li Juan-Juan , Wei Wei-Ke 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of sepsis combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has increased owing to the enhanced awareness among medical professionals and the continuous development of modern medical technologies, while early diagnosis of ARDS still lacks specific biomarkers. One of the main pathogenic mechanisms of sepsis-associated ARDS involves the actions of various pathological injuries and inflammatory factors, such as platelet and white blood cells activation, leading to an increase of surface adhesion molecules. These adhesion molecules further form platelet-white blood cell aggregates, including platelet-mononuclear cell aggregates (PMAs). PMAs has been identified as one of the markers of platelet activation, here we hypothesize that PMAs might play a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of this complication.
AIM
To investigate the expression of PMAs in the serum of patients with sepsis complicated by ARDS and its clinical significance.
METHODS
We selected 72 hospitalized patients diagnosed with sepsis as the study population between March 2019 and March 2022. Among them, 30 patients with sepsis and ARDS formed the study group, while 42 sepsis patients without ARDS comprised the control group. After diagnosis, venous blood samples were immediately collected from all patients. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of PMAs, platelet neutrophil aggregates (PNAs), and platelet aggregates (PLyAs) in the serum. Additionally, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was calculated for each patient, and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess diagnostic value.
RESULTS
The study found that the levels of PNAs and PLyAs in the serum of the study group were higher than those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, the expression of PMAs in the serum of the study group was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with the APACHE II score (r = 0.671, P < 0.05). When using PMAs as a diagnostic indicator, the area under the curve value was 0.957, indicating a high diagnostic value (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the optimal cutoff value was 8.418%, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.819 and specificity of 0.947.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the serum levels of PMAs significantly increase in patients with sepsis and ARDS. Therefore, serum PMAs have the potential to become a new biomarker for clinically diagnosing sepsis complicated by ARDS.