bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Social Bot Detection Through Aid and Training
Authors: Kenny Ryan , Fischhoff Baruch , Davis Alex , Canfield Casey 
Published: November 2023

Objective We test the effects of three aids on individuals’ ability to detect social bots among Twitter personas: a bot indicator score, a training video, and a warning. Background Detecting social bots can prevent online deception. We use a simulated social media task to evaluate three aids. Method Lay participants judged whether each of 60 Twitter personas was a human or social bot in a simulated online environment, using agreement between three machine learning algorithms to estimate the probability of each persona being a bot. Experiment 1 compared a control group and two intervention groups, one provided a bot indicator score for each tweet; the other provided a warning about social bots. Experiment 2 compared a control group and two intervention groups, one receiving the bot indicator scores and the other a training video, focused on heuristics for identifying social bots. Results The bot indicator score intervention improved predictive performance and reduced overconfidence in both experiments. The training video was also effective, although somewhat less so. The warning had no effect. Participants rarely reported willingness to share content for a persona that they labeled as a bot, even when they agreed with it. Conclusions Informative interventions improved social bot detection; warning alone did not. Application We offer an experimental testbed and methodology that can be used to evaluate and refine interventions designed to reduce vulnerability to social bots. We show the value of two interventions that could be applied in many settings.
Driving Frequency Modulates Correlations Between Executive Functions and Driving Performance: A Driving Simulator Study
Authors: Lo Yu-Hui , Chiu Afee , Tseng Philip 
Published: November 2023

Driving a car requires a complex combination of various cognitive functions (e.g., visual perception, motor control, decision making, and others), and deficits in any of these processes may compromise driving safety. Amongst these, executive functions such as inhibitory control, task switching, and decision-making are important, as they enable drivers to process information from their surroundings and respond appropriately to changing road conditions. Although previous research has focused on laboratory measures of individual executive functions, it remains unclear whether performance on such laboratory tests readily translates to actual on-the-road driving performance, especially since drivers’ skill levels can vary widely, based on their driving frequency. To this end, we divided 30 participants into two categories based on their driving frequency (i.e., daily commuter vs. weekend only drivers), and we used three well-known executive functioning tasks (the stop signal task, Iowa gambling task or IGT, and a task-switching test) to see whether scores on these tasks predicted such driving performances and behaviors such as braking time, lane-keeping, speed limit violations, and inter-vehicle distance (e.g., in a driving simulator). Participants went through a follow-lead-car scenario in the driving simulator for 20 minutes and then completed the three executive tasks. We found that stop signal reaction time (SSRT) best predicted driving performance, and remained predictive against driver distraction, as well as variabilities in driving frequency. The IGT predicted speed limit violations in high-frequency drivers, whereas task-switching cost predicted lane keeping performance in low-frequency drivers. Together, these results highlight the importance of driving frequency when considering correlates between executive functions and driving performance and behavior. They also imply that executive tasks better predict driving performance in low-frequency (or inexperienced) drivers, while driver temperament (i.e., impulsiveness as indicated by IGT) better predicted driving performance in high-frequency (or experienced) drivers.
MRI Criteria for Healing at 1 Year After Repair of a Traumatic Meniscal Tear
Authors: Schwach Maxime , Grange Sylvain , Klasan Antonio , Putnis Sven , Philippot Rémi , Neri Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Background: Meniscal repair for a traumatic meniscal tear is increasingly used to preserve the meniscus. Interpreting postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans remains challenging, especially in symptomatic patients. There is a lack of reliable MRI criteria to affirm the healed character of a traumatic meniscal injury repair. Purpose: To identify relevant MRI criteria for meniscal healing after meniscal repair. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We prospectively included all patients with a traumatic meniscal injury who underwent either an isolated meniscal repair or a repair during a concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A standardized preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluation was performed, along with collection of functional scores—Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm Score, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. An MRI scan was performed 1 year postoperatively and compared with the preoperative MRI scan. The following MRI aspects were analyzed: variation of morphology and fat-saturated (FS) T2 intensity signal and pre- and postoperative tear diastasis measurement. Results: Fifty patients (age, mean ± SD, 28.7 ± 8.5 years [range, 16-45 years]) who were 1 year postoperative were included. All patients were considered clinically healed had the same MRI characteristics. A signal change (FS T2) was observed from a high signal intensity fluid to a nonfluid moderate signal intensity. The morphology of the lesion was more complex: from the initial lesion, line ramifications appeared, creating the appearance of tree branches. The tear diastasis decreased (from 2.3 ± 0.5 mm [range, 1.3-3.5] to 1.1 ± 0.28 mm [range, 0.5-1.5]). Conclusion: MRI criteria confirming meniscal healing after traumatic meniscal repair at 1 year were identified: a change in the intrameniscal signal becoming nonfluid and moderate in intensity; a reduction in tear diastasis to <1.5 mm; and a change in the signal morphology of the repaired meniscus.
Optimizing process parameters of fused deposition molding for 3D printing customized control of polyetheretherketone scaffolds
Authors: Sun Jingfeng , Chen Mantao , Zhao Hui , Zheng Wenxu , Zhou Wuyi 
Published: November 2023

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), with good biocompatibility and similar mechanical properties to natural bone, is extensively employed in the manufacture of prostheses. However, the precision and mechanical properties of current implants are major challenges for clinical applications. In this study, the effect of pore size, raster angle and printing temperature were investigated on length, width, thickness, material consumption, compressive strength and Young’s modulus. Taguchi design of experiment method was used to reduce the number of experiments and optimize the printing process parameters. Finally, predictive analysis was exploited to give the optimal set of process parameters. Experimental results indicated that the approach applied in this work provided more accurate predictions and control of the response variables. The maximum compressive strength and compressive modulus of PEEK scaffolds reached 43.4 MPa and 253.3 MPa, respectively. Therefore, the methodology of present work has the potential to meet the demand of design precision and manufacture of customized bone substitutes.
What clinicians need to know about intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression?
Authors: Hope Judy , Copolov David , Tiller John , Galbally Megan , Hopwood Malcolm , Newton Richard , Keks Nicholas A 
Published: November 2023

Objective To review the usefulness of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression. Method Pivotal trials of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression were synthesized as a narrative review. Results Esketamine is postulated to act through antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, but opioidergic effects may also be involved. Unlike intravenous ketamine, esketamine is given intranasally (under clinical observation), usually in addition to an oral antidepressant. Trials compared esketamine plus antidepressant versus placebo plus antidepressant. At 4 weeks, remission was 37% higher with esketamine/antidepressant than placebo/antidepressant. Speed of response and improvement in suicidality were comparable. In stable remitters on esketamine/antidepressant, 45% relapsed when esketamine was withdrawn over the following 6 months (whereas 25% relapsed on esketamine/antidepressant). Response appears less likely in patients with multiple antidepressant failures. Adverse effects include dissociation, dizziness, nausea, sedation, and headache but no psychosis. Hypertension affected 13%, especially older patients. Dose frequency is twice-weekly for 4 weeks, then weekly/fortnightly thereafter. No abuse has been reported. Unsubsidised cost may be beyond the reach of many Australians. Conclusion Intranasal esketamine plus antidepressant has been approved by regulators as moderately effective and acceptably tolerable for treatment-resistant depression. Cost is a drawback. Use often needs to be long-term and vigilance for abuse is essential.
How Might We Have Known? Using Administrative Data to Predict 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Clients Receiving Home Care Services from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Saragosa Marianne , Zagrodney Katherine AP , Rabeenthira Prakathesh , King Emily C , McKay Sandra M 
Published: November 2023

Background: Reducing hospital readmissions can improve individual health outcomes and lower system-level costs. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of home care Personal Support clients who experienced a hospital admission (ie, hospital hold) and to identify factors that predict hospital readmission within 30 days of resuming home care Personal Support services. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using client administrative data from a home healthcare provider organization (2018-2021). The sample included clients (⩾18 years) who received publicly funded Personal Support services and experienced a hospital hold. Descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model analyzed the relationship between demographics, hospital service utilization, home care service utilization, and contextual factors on the outcome of 30-day hospital readmission. Results: Approximately 17% (n = 662) of all clients with a hospital hold (n = 3992) were readmitted to hospital within 30 days. Compared with non-readmitted clients, those with greater home care Personal Support service intensity after the index hospital hold were less likely to experience a hospital 30-day readmission. In contrast, those with greater acuity, higher assessed care needs, more hospital holds overall, more extended hospital stays (⩾2 weeks), and lower social support had a higher likelihood of 30-day hospital readmission. Conclusion: The findings from this study provide a greater understanding of factors associated with home care clients’ risk of hospital readmission within 30 days and can be used to inform targeted, evidence-based support to reduce home care clients’ hospital readmissions.
Protein Expression and Bioinformatics Study of Granulosa Cells of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Expressed Under the Influence of DHEA
Authors: Pant Pankaj , Sircar Reema , Prasad Ritu , Prasad Hari Om , Chitme Havagiray R 
Published: November 2023

Background: The reproductive system is heavily dependent on ovarian follicles, which are made up of germ cells (oocytes) and granulosa cells (GCs), including cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) and mural granulosa cells (MGCs). Understanding their normal and steroid-induced functions is the key to understanding the pathophysiology of endocrinal diseases in women. Objective: This study investigated the differentially expressed proteins by CGCs and MGCs of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and without subsequent exposure to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and functional differentiation. Design: The present study was observational and experimental study carried out in hospital involving 80 female patients undergoing IVF for infertility. Methods: In this study, we isolated CGCs and MGCs from the follicular fluid of both PCOS and non-PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The cells were cultured and treated with DHEAS for 48 hours, and these cells were extracted, digested, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry followed by processing of the results using open-source bioinformatics tools. Results: The present investigation discovered 276 and 341 proteins in CGCs and MGCs, respectively. DHEAS reduced the number of proteins expressed by CGCs and MGCs to 34 and 57 from 91 and 94, respectively. Venn results of CGCs revealed 49, 53, 36, and 21 proteins in normal CGCs, PCOS-CGCs, post-DHEAS, and PCOS-CGCs, respectively. Venn analysis of MGCs showed 51 proteins specific to PCOS and 29 shared by normal and PCOS samples after DHEAS therapy. MGCs express the most binding and catalytic proteins, whereas CGCs express transporter-related proteins. A protein pathway study demonstrated considerable differences between normal and PCOS samples, while DHEAS-treated samples of both cell lines showed distinct pathways. String findings identified important network route components such as albumin, actin, apolipoprotein, complement component C3, and heat shock protein. Conclusion: This is the first study to show how DHEAS-induced stress affects the expression of proteins by MGCs and CGCs isolated from normal and PCOS patients. Further studies are recommended to identify PCOS biomarkers from CGCs and MGCs expressed under the influence of DHEAS.
A modified mental state assessment tool for impact analysis of virtual reality-based therapeutic interventions in patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Khan Samiya , Naeem Muhammad Kamran , Tania Marzia Hoque , Refat Nadia , Rahman Md Arafatur , Patwary Mohammad 
Published: November 2023

Objectives This work has developed a modified mental state assessment tool for impact analysis of therapeutic interventions for patients with cognitive impairment. This work includes a pilot study to validate the proposed tool and assess the impact of virtual reality-based interventions on patient well-being, which includes assessment of cognitive ability and mood. Methods The suggested tool’s robustness and reliability are assessed in care home facilities with elderly residents over the age of 55. Because of the repetitive nature of the pilot study, test-retest strategy for Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is employed to validate the internal consistency of the proposed tool over time. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed on the collected data to draw inferences on the impact of virtual reality-based interventions on patients with cognitive impairments. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value shows that the proposed tool’s resilience is comparable to that of its pre-intervention counterparts. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values are determined for Pre-virtual reality and Post-virtual reality interventions, which include 116 virtual reality sessions for 52-participant, and three cohorts of virtual reality sessions for 21 participants. These values for a majority of the interventions remained within the acceptable range of 0.6–0.8. Conclusions The proposed modified mental state assessment tool is observed to be a reliable tool for investigating the impact of virtual reality-based interventions on patients with cognitive impairments. One of the notable significance of the proposed tool is that this allows for resource allocation for such interventions to be tailored to the needs of the patient, leading to greater therapeutic efficacy and resource efficiency.
Timing of Spinal Surgery in Polytrauma: The Relevance of Injury Severity, Injury Level and Associated Injuries
Authors: Hax Jakob , Teuben Michel , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Berk Till , Scherer Julian , Jensen Kai Oliver , Lefering Rolf , Pape Hans-Christoph , Sprengel Kai ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: November 2023

Study Design Retrospective database analysis. Objective Polytraumatized patients with spinal injuries require tailor-made treatment plans. Severity of both spinal and concomitant injuries determine timing of spinal surgery. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of spinal injury localization, severity and concurrent injury patterns on timing of surgery and subsequent outcome. Methods The TraumaRegister DGU® was utilized and patients, aged ≥16 years, with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 and diagnosed with relevant spinal injuries (abbreviated injury scale, AIS ≥ 3) were selected. Concurrent spinal and non-spinal injuries were analysed and the relation between injury severity, concurrent injury patterns and timing of spinal surgery was determined. Results 12.596 patients with a mean age of 50.8 years were included. 7.2% of patients had relevant multisegmental spinal injuries. Furthermore, 50% of patients with spine injuries AIS ≥3 had a more severe non-spinal injury to another body part. ICU and hospital stay were superior in patients treated within 48 hrs for lumbar and thoracic spinal injuries. In cervical injuries early intervention (<48 hrs) was associated with increased mortality rates (9.7 vs 6.3%). Conclusions The current multicentre study demonstrates that polytrauma patients frequently sustain multiple spinal injuries, and those with an index spine injury may therefore benefit from standardized whole-spine imaging. Moreover, timing of surgical spinal surgery and outcome appear to depend on the severity of concomitant injuries and spinal injury localization. Future prospective studies are needed to identify trauma characteristics that are associated with improved outcome upon early or late spinal surgery.
The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Nurses’ Resilience: A Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Mohammad Heba Farouk , Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Elliethey Nancy Sabry 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Authentic leadership has been identified as a style needed to promote quality patient care and nurses’ retention. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the authentic leadership exhibited by nurse managers and the levels of resilience and self-efficacy among nurses. Methods A descriptive correlational study was conducted in an Egyptian hospital. A sample of convenience nurses ( N = 285) completed the Authentic Leadership Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed with correlation and structural equation modeling. Results The highest percentages of nurses (53.33% and 45.96%) perceived their nurse managers as having either moderate or high levels of authentic leadership. The majority of nurses rated themselves as moderately resilient (63.98%, 25.59 ± 6.56) and highly efficacious (76.70%, 30.68 ± 4.95). Furthermore, the analysis conducted using SPSS-AMOS reveals a significant positive association between the variables. Specifically, authentic leadership, along with its constituent components, accounts for approximately 22% of the overall variance observed in nurses’ resilience. Additionally, it is shown that these same factors explain approximately 34% of the variance in nurses’ self-efficacy. Moreover, the mediating role of self-efficacy was found to explain 49.3% of the variability in nurses’ resilience. Conclusion Nurse leaders should be aware of and implement effective and authentic leadership behaviors and apply tailored strategies for fostering nurses’ resilience and self-efficacy to deal with the challenging healthcare environment.
A Comprehensive Analyses of Affective Health and Sex Differences in Adolescents as a Function of Peer Pressure and Internet Addiction
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Jhuma , Bhattacharjee Arinjoy 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Existing research literature has shown that the dynamics of depressive traits in adolescents are influenced heavily by various psycho-social factors such as peer pressure and addictive tendencies. Purpose: The study was conducted to investigate the interrelationship between internet addiction and peer pressure on adolescent depression. Methodology: The sample of adolescents ( N = 94) in the age range of 13–18 years was collected using a stratified random sampling design. Three major psychometric tools were administered to the sample, namely, Internet Addiction Test, Peer Pressure Inventory, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Correlation and inferential analyses were done on the acquired data. Findings: The sample reflected moderate tendencies to have peer pressure, internet addiction and depression. It also showed a significant positive correlation between internet addiction and depression, an insignificant positive relationship between peer pressure and depression along with a significant effect of sex on adolescent depression but insignificant sex differences on peer pressure and internet addiction. Limitations: The descriptive nature of the study reveals less about the causal relationships between the variables. Implications: The study encourages parents to redefine their roles and parenting styles while dealing with adolescents.