bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Freeware Metalens Design Tools and Methods
Authors: Hwang Inyong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recently, metalenses have been widely spotlighted in miniaturized optics, and have shown potential capabilities of high numerical aperture (NA), leading to short focal lengths, and high focusing intensity efficiencies. Each metamaterial composing of the designed metalens is tightly controlled in its design for high transmission and phase distribution of scattered lights at each location required for the lens equation. This work covers design methods on how to simply find optimized individual metamaterials, and how to easily acquire metalens simulation results at 633 nm of an operating wavelength on freeware simulators, the MAXIM and SMD tools.
Scaling advantage in approximate optimization with quantum annealing
Authors: Lidar Daniel , Bauza Humberto Munoz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Quantum annealing is a heuristic optimization algorithm that exploits quantum evolution to approximately find lowest energy states [1, 2]. Quantum annealers have scaled up in recent years to tackle increasingly larger and more highly connected discrete optimization and quantum simulation problems [3–7]. Nevertheless, despite numerous attempts, a computational quantum advantage in exact optimization using quantum annealing hardware has so far remained elusive [8– 16]. Here, we present evidence for a quantum annealing scaling advantage in approximate optimization. The advantage is relative to the top classical heuristic algorithm: parallel tempering with isoenergetic cluster moves (PT-ICM) [17]. The setting is a family of 2D spin-glass problems with high-precision spin-spin interactions. To achieve this advantage, we implement quantum annealing correction (QAC) [18]: an embedding of a bit-flip error-correcting code with energy penalties that leverages the properties of the D-Wave Advantage quantum annealer to yield over 1,300 error-suppressed logical qubits on a degree-5 interaction graph. We generate random spin-glass instances on this graph and benchmark their time-to-epsilon, a generalization of the time-to-solution metric [8] for low-energy states. We demonstrate that with QAC, quantum annealing exhibits a scaling advantage over PT-ICM at sampling low energy states with an optimality gap [19] of at least 1.0%. This amounts to the first demonstration of an algorithmic quantum speedup in approximate optimization.
Anfis-Enhanced Drought Forecasting in Coimbatore District : A Statistical Approach
Authors: Radha M. , Shankar S. Vishnu , Induja I. , Kokilavani S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Drought has a significant influence on both in the environment and in the area of agriculture, particularly farming. In this scenario, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), one of the hybrid artificial neural networks, is primarily used in this study to anticipate drought. The Coimbatore district's monthly precipitation values for the previous 39 years are used in this study. First, as the Coimbatore district primarily depends on the North-East Monsoon, SPI values are estimated at a 3-month scale using monthly precipitation values. Second, several ANFIS forecasting models are built employing the North-East Monsoon season's mean precipitation value and computed SPI value as inputs. Additionally, RMSE, MAE and coefficient of determination value (R2) were used to combine the results of the projected ANFIS model with the observed values. The best-fitting model was defined as having low RMSE, low MAE, and high R2.
The mystery of distribution of Smittia brevipennis (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Krasheninnikov Andrey B. , Gavrilo Maria V. , Semenchenko Alexander A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Two new localities for Smittia brevipennis from the Franz-Josef Land Archipelago and the Vize Island, Russian Arctic, are reported. A description of larvae and female imago is given. Zero rate of mutations in the gene COI found in specimens from Canada, Alaska, Svalbard, Franz-Josef Land and Vize Island is unique for the Chironomids inhabiting such extensive range and indicates a relatively recent and rapid colonization of the high-Arctic areas by Smittia brevipennis. Possible routes and means of historical dispersal across the circumpolar range of this unusual brachypterous parthenogenetic orthoclad are discussed.
Supplementary Elevated triglycerides predispose patients to aortic dissection by increasing inflammasome-induced pyroptosis
Authors: Chen Ruoshi , Chen Xin , Fu Yufei , Yu Anfeng , Ying Chenxi , Miao Sihan , Dai Xiaoyi , Ma Liang , Ni Yiming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is an acute and life-threatening disease that requires invasive therapy once the aorta has been lacerated. Although several studies have suggested that abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with the development of AD, there are no studies examining the specific mechanisms by which abnormal lipid metabolism contributes to the development of aortic dissection. The aim of this study was to investigate in depth the important role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of AD and its possible underlying mechanism. We applied lipid metabolism sequencing and transcriptome sequencing to detect lipid and pathway changes in the blood of AD patients and controls. We applied an AD model via β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) treatment, and at the same time, we observed the effect of a high-TG environment on AD occurrence in vivo via high-fructose feed. In addition, we applied GSDME knockout mice to reduce GSDME expression. We found that all the upregulated lipids in the serum of AD patients were triglycerides, while the downregulated lipids included mainly sphingomyelin, ceramide, and lysophosphatidylcholine. Lipid metabolism sequencing and transcriptome sequencing revealed differences in serum lipid and proteins related to inflammation. Moreover, in BAPN model mice, elevated triglyceride levels increase the occurrence of aortic dissection, whereas GSDME knockdown inhibits the occurrence of AD but does not inhibit the inflammatory response in the aorta. Elevated triglycerides induce increased pyroptosis in the aortic wall by increasing the inflammatory response in the vasculature, which leads to phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells, allowing for an increased incidence of AD.
Effect of Water on Wear of DLC Coatings in high temperature and pressurized Ethanol
Authors: Horikawa Shintaro , Mimata Junya , Umehara Noritsugu , Tokoroyama Takayuki , Murashima Motoyuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of moisture and dissolved oxygen on the wear behavior of a-C:H:Si coatings in high-temperature high-pressure ethanol-water conditions. Friction and wear tests were conducted on hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and silicon-containing a-C:H:Si coatings under varying moisture levels (0 vol.%, 6 vol.%) and dissolved oxygen conditions (N2, O2 10 MPa) at 120°C. The results revealed distinct wear responses between a-C:H and a-C:H:Si coatings. Under O2 pressure, a-C:H coatings showed minimal change in wear with increasing moisture levels, while a-C:H:Si coatings exhibited a notable doubling in wear, indicating higher susceptibility to moisture. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that a-C:H:Si coatings underwent surface oxidation with increased moisture, leading to significant changes in elemental composition. Additionally, atomic force microscopy scratch tests revealed surface softening in a-C:H:Si coatings, particularly under moisture conditions. The study suggests that moisture induces surface reactions in a-C:H:Si coatings, resulting in increased wear, providing insights into the wear mechanisms influenced by moisture and dissolved oxygen in ethanol-water environments.
Machine Learning Approaches To Predict The Stability of Smart Grid
Authors: Satu Md. Shahriare , Khan Md. Imran 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The smart grid is a modern solution to generate, distribute, and use energy effectively and efficiently. Ensuring the stability of the smart grid is critical to guarantee safe and consistent operation. This study proposes a machine learning model to identify smart grid stability more efficiently. To accomplish this, we collected the electrical grid stability dataset from a public machine learning repository and analyzed the correlation of individual features. Different feature selection and transformation techniques were employed to generate subsequent feature sets. Then, various classification techniques were applied to the primary and its subsets to identify the best machine-learning model for predicting smart grid stability more efficiently. The results indicated that MLP showed the highest accuracy (97.06%) for the Z-score transformed data set using Grid Search Optimization. This study demonstrates the potential of using machine learning to predict smart grid stability accurately and efficiently, providing a critical tool for improving the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of the energy industry.
Evaluation of approaches to increase the effectiveness of various disinfectants against biofilm communities of different ages
Authors: Yushina Yu. K. , Nasyrov N. A. , Demkina E. V. , Zaiko E. V. , Reshchikov M. D. 
Published: January 2024

Disinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms.
Analysis of antioxidant potential and study of the features of the microstructure in certain types of spices and herbs used in the meat processing industry
Authors: Pchelkina V. A. , Kupaeva N. V. 
Published: January 2024

Spices and herbs are widely used in the meat processing industry to improve the taste and flavor of the food products. They contain a wide range of essential oils and biologically active components possessing antioxidant potential. Surge of spices consumption leads to their adulteration; at the same time, species identification is complex and requires increased knowledge about the peculiarities of their structure. This study researched the antioxidant potential (AOP) of six spices and three fragrant herbs, defined their structure and histological parameters of their identification. To assess AOP, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was defined using the methods of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and free radical DPPH, and the main classes of AO were identified with the help of qualitative reactions, microstructure was analyzed via three staining methods. Among six classes of AO the flavonoids were found in all extracts. All of four AO classes were found in basil and allspice. Allspice extract showed the highest TACDPPH (2,876.05 ± 19.83 µmol-eq.quercetin/l), the lowest value was found in parsley extract (157.97 ± 4.80 µmol-eq.quercetin/l). At the same time, the highest TACORAC was found in the extract of dill greens and basil greens — 9,789.51 ± 433.22 μmol-eq.quercetin/l and 9,692.91 ± 203.42 μmol-eq.quercetin/l, respectively, and its lowest content was found in ginger — 956.98 ± 241.79 µmol-eq. quercetin/l. The microstructural features of cells peculiar for each sample were defined: external protective tissues, seed hulls, storage tissue, secretory and formative tissues, and their ability to perceive staining with general and specific dyes. The results obtained make it possible to test the composition of dry spices and herbs, to reveal their presence in the ready-to-consume meat products and to exclude cases of their adulteration.
Minimally invasive differential diagnosis of melanocytic intraocular neoplasms
Authors: Tsygankov A. Yu. , Saakyan S. V. , Myakoshina E. B. , Burdennyi A. M. , Loginov V. I. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to analyze the mutation frequency of the GNAQ/GNA11 gene in circulating tumor DNA and genotypes of the polymorphic marker C3435T of the ABCB1 gene in a large sample of patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms (IMN).Material and methods. In an open prospective study performed in 2015–2022, 272 IMN patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms aged 28 to 87 (ave. 58.3 ± 12.6), including 187 females (68.8 %) and 85 males (31.2 %), were divided into three groups depending on the nature of the tumor focus: Group I, n = 141, progressing choroidal melanomas; Group II, n = 67, stationary melanomas, and Group III, n = 64, choroidal nevi.Results. In Group I, at least one mutation in the GNAQ/GNA11 gene was detected in 134 patients (95.0 %). Of these, 35 patients (24.8 %) revealed two mutations, and 16 patients (11.3 %) had 3 mutations. In Group II, one mutation was detected in 49 patients (73.1 %), of which three patients (4.5 %) had two mutations. In Group III, one mutation in the GNAQ/GNA11 gene was detected in 13 patients (20.3 %). When comparing the overall frequency of mutations in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes in Groups I and II, significant differences were obtained (OR = 7.03 (2.77 to 17.86), F = 0.000015, ξ2 = 20.6), with Group I having mutations identified in 95 % of cases and Group II, in 73.1 %. Significant differences were also obtained when comparing the frequency of the studied mutations in Groups I and III (OR = 75.1 (28.36 to 198.86), F = 0.0000001, ξ2 = 121.15) with a frequency of 20.3 % in Group III. The frequency of mutations in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes was significantly higher in Group II than in Group III (OR = 10.68 (4.73 to 24.1), F = 0.0000001, ξ2 = 36.64). The frequencies of heterozygous mutations in all 4 exons were significantly higher in Group I than in Groups II and III, except for the GNAQ183 gene when comparing Groups I and II. Heterozygous mutations in all 4 exons were significantly more frequent in Group II than in Group III. Homozygous mutations were found only in Group I patients, but, in spite of this, no significant differences were detected when comparing them with other groups. The frequency of genotype CC of the polymorphic marker C3435T of ABCB1 gene was significantly lower in Group I as compared to Group II, whilst the frequency of genotype CT was significantly higher than in group II.Conclusion. The general analysis of molecular genetic studies of 272 patients with intraocular melanocytic neoplasms showed a direct correlation between the frequency of detection of mutations in genes and the size and source of the tumor. The obtained results substantiate both screening of patients from risk groups and differentiation of patients depending on the size and source of the tumor.
Double-step calculation of the intraocular lens power in lens opacities excluding the measurement of axial eye length by optical biometry. A clinical case
Authors: Kulikov A. N. , Danilenko E. V. , Nevin N. V. , Kozhevnikov E. Yu. 
Published: January 2024

The main source of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation errors in phacoemulsification (PE) is axial length (AL) measurement inaccuracy in cases if optical biometry cannot be used.bto describe an original double-step method of IOL power calculation in lens opacities which exclude AL measurement with optical biometry.Material and methods. Patient S. (male, 71) with a bilateral immature cataract underwent right eye phacoemulsification (PE) with no IOL implantation. After that, AL was measured in the aphakic state with transparent optical media and used in combination with preoperative anterior segment biometry data to calculate the IOL power. In the second stage, a selected lens with an extended focus range was implanted.Results. The patient was examined and discharged on the second day after surgery with visual acuity OD 0.3 sph +0.25 cyl -0.75 ax150 = 0.5 and signs of moderate postoperative keratopathy. After 2 weeks, uncorrected visual acuity was as high as 0.9 and could not be further corrected by spectacle lenses. The patient was admitted for surgical treatment of the left eye cataract and also operated in two stages. The AL measured by the optical method in the aphakic state, was 0.31 mm less than that measured before the operation. Six months after PE with IOL implantation, distance visual acuity in both eyes was 1.2, the patient could use binocular vision for reading and PC work with no difficulty.Conclusion. The double-step approach to IOL power calculation is justified in cases of strong decrease of crystalline lens transparency, especially in complicated cases, for example, in high myopia or “premium” lens implantation, in which patients are especially sensitive to correct target refraction, even though this approach requires a delayed IOL implantation, which should take place after a precise calculation of AL taken in the aphakic state.
Criteria for choosing the energy of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Ioshin I. E. , Tolchinskaya A. I. , Maksimov I. V. 
Published: January 2024

For a long time, the main parameter of micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (mTS-CPC) operation planning has been the calculated total energy. However, this indicator alone is not enough to determine more accurate correlations between exposure parameters and treatment outcomes.Purpose: to determine the criteria for choosing energy parameters to be used in mTS-CPC in refractory glaucoma patients.Material and methods. We propose a more reliable indicator of mTS-CPC clinical results, the energy flow, which is calculated from the speed of the probe movement. We developed and used a new strategy for conducting mTS-CPC: dividing the hemispheres of the ocular surface into 4 quadrants for a better control of the light guide movement while maintaining the selected speed. The standardized protocol for conducting the procedure has been modified so that the calculated energy flow is 121.8 J/cm2.Results. The evaluation of the treatment results of 140 patients according to the Kaplan Meier criteria showed the success of the treatment. IOP fell by 30 %, as compared with the baseline in the advanced stage, and by 20 % in the terminal stage, causing no complications. 12 months after the follow-up start, IOP compensation was noted in 81.3 % of cases.Conclusion. The presented modification of mTS-CPC using the energy flow parameters makes it possible to unify the technology of laser treatment, and the results obtained demonstrate a good and uncomplicated hypotensive effect. The availability of standardized energy indicators allows for a selective treatment tactics, depending on the individual characteristics of glaucomatous patients.
Optical coherence tomography-angiography for anterior uveal tract evaluation in normal subjects and in pathology
Authors: Kiseleva T. N. , Saakyan S. V. , Makukhina V. V. , Lugovkina K. V. , Milash S. V. , Musova N. F. , Izmailova N. S. , Zharov A. A. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: to assess the potentials of optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) in the evaluation of anterior segment (AS) uveal vessels in normal and pathological conditions.Material and methods. 20 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) with no ophthalmic pathology (the control group) and 85 previously untreated patients (85 eyes) with suspected tumors of the irido-ciliary area (the iris, the ciliary body and the peripheral sections of the choroid) were examined. All participants had optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCTA of AS, with the qualitative assessment of scans (vessels pattern, lumen, tortuosity) and the quantitative assessment (vessel density index, VD%, for the affected zone). In ciliary body or choroid pathologies, VD index was measured for the conjunctiva in the focus projection. VD index included mean and local VD, as well as VD of perifocal tissues. In addition, B-mode ultrasound scanning and ultrasound biomicroscopy were performed.Results. OCTA scans in 4 sectors of the normal iris showed a predominantly radial pattern of conjunctival vessels positioning, with their lumen remaining the same along their entire visible length. The lowest VD value (38.5%) was registered in the temporal iris segment, while the highest (43.9%) was revealed in the inferior quadrant. In the iris tumors area, intrinsic vascularity molded in various vascular patterns was observed. Melanomas could be suspected because of the vessels oriented along the axis of the tumor and by non-uniform lumen of the vessels.Conclusion. AS-OCTA is an informative method for the visualization of iris vessels in normal conditions and in iris pathology and may be considered a valuable addition to the standard visualization techniques.