bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Huber Dale L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIron, the most ubiquitous of the transition metals and the fourth most plentiful element in the Earth’s crust, is the structural backbone of our modern infrastructure. It is therefore ironic that as a nanoparticle, iron has been somewhat neglected in favor of its own oxides, as well as other metals such as cobalt, nickel, gold, and platinum. This is unfortunate, but understandable. Iron’s reactivity is important in macroscopic applications (particularly rusting), but is a dominant concern at the nanoscale. Finely divided iron has long been known to be pyrophoric, which is a major reason that iron nanoparticles have not been more fully studied to date. This extreme reactivity has traditionally made iron nanoparticles difficult to study and inconvenient for practical applications. Iron however has a great deal to offer at the nanoscale, including very potent magnetic and catalytic properties. Recent work has begun to take advantage of iron’s potential, and work in this field appears to be blossoming.
Genetic counseling after abnormal prenatal diagnosis: Facilitating coping in families who continue their pregnancies
Authors: Fonda Allen Jill S. , Mulhauser Lynda C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFamilies continuing a pregnancy after abnormal prenatal diagnosis face a unique crisis. Case examples are combined with clinical observations and a review of selected literature to define the elements of this crisis. Counseling strategies are discussed that may facilitate coping. Further research is needed to define the experience, as well as to identify effective coping strategies and successful counseling approaches.
An assessment of teratology training provided by masters level genetic counseling programs
Authors:   Great Lakes Regional Genetics Group Teratogen Subcommittee, Baldinger Shari R. , Cook Lola P. , French Beatrice N. , Haun Joanne M. , Ludowese Carol J. , Stein Schechtman Amy K. , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe increasing demand in the clinical genetics setting for information about teratogen exposures has created a need for genetic counselors to have the capabilities to appropriately address patient concerns. In order to assess how training in teratogen counseling is currently being conducted, the GLaRGG Teratogen Subcommittee surveyed all 17 genetic counseling training programs in North America in September 1993. Information was obtained from training programs about coursework, resources, and clinical training. In addition, each training program was asked to provide information about how their teratogen training needs could better be met. While all programs responded that some information in their coursework applicable to teratogen counseling was provided, there was wide variation in the amount of time devoted to this topic. The programs also greatly differed in the provision of clinical training in teratogen counseling. For both coursework and clinical work, genetic counselors were the main trainers in teratogen counseling. In spite of this, fewer than 25% of training programs have a defined teratogen clinical rotation. Data from the survey are discussed and recommendations presented.
Genetic counseling for pregnant adolescents
Authors: Peters‐Brown Trisha , Fry‐Mehltretter Lorraine 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe genetic counseling literature has a paucity of information on how to provide genetic counseling services to adolescents, especially those who are pregnant. The adolescent population should be viewed as a separate culture, complete with their own beliefs and viewpoints, which are dependent upon the developmental growth tasks of puberty. The completion of these tasks is complicated by pregnancy, which has its own set of developmental goals. The adolescent struggle with developmental goals interferes with the ability to identify consequences, predict future outcomes, and communicate self‐revealing statements or decisions effectively. Instead, the adolescent has an egocentric frame of reference and seeks peer approval. The genetic counseling dilemmas presented by pregnant adolescents are illustrated through two case reports. A model based on our own experience and a literature review for successful counseling of adolescents is presented, and utilizes the foundation of trust, patience, and nonjudgmental behavior. Techniques that address the adolescent's concern for autonomy and peer approval are important, and can be achieved through nonthreatening, open‐ended questions that promote self‐expression. Incorporation of these techniques in genetic counseling and in graduate training will enhance genetic counseling services to the adolescent population.
Chronic sorrow: A content analysis of parental differences
Authors: Hobdell Elizabeth F. , Deatrick Janet A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSixty‐eight mothers and 64 fathers of children with a neural tube defect responded to a questionnaire about chronic sorrow. Mothers reported a mood state change in very intense category from more pessimistic at time of diagnosis to more optimistic at current time. Fathers, although indicating a mood change in the very intense category to more optimistic, also had more pessimistic responses. Parental similarities and differences were also reported in both times and events that triggered the sorrow response. Categories across times and events were primarily related to health care, school/development concerns and social significance. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
A comparison of two approaches to education about carrier testing for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Leonard Katie P. , Bartholomew L. Kay , Swank Paul R. , Parcel Guy S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe tested the efficacy of two types of educational materials for genetic counseling: a traditional information brochure and one adding a role model story. Brochures were alternated weekly at a prenatal genetics center. Subjects were asked to read the brochure and fill out a questionnaire covering demographics and variables from the health belief model (impact, barriers, motivation, susceptibility, knowledge, severity). A group of 409 pregnant women and 251 male partners participated. Study design was quasiexperimental, using a post‐test only comparison group. The brochure with modeling enhanced the perception of both risk and the severity of the disease and was inversely associated with the assessment of barriers, but did not directly impact on the decision to pursue testing; only 12% chose to be tested, with no significant differences between groups. While suggestive, the study is not confirmatory and should be repeated with a more heterogenous group of women.
Huntington disease: A case study describing the complexities and nuances of predictive testing of monozygotic twins
Authors: Heimler Audrey , Zanko Andrea 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWhen a candidate for predictive testing for the Huntington disease gene is a monozygotic twin, confidentiality of the co‐twin's diagnosis and autonomy of participation are among the critical genetic counseling issues. Predictive testing can proceed when twins voluntarily and simultaneously request counseling and evaluation in an HD testing program. This case describes a young man referred for predictive testing to an HD testing site on the East Coast of the United States. Family history revealed a twin brother of unknown zygosity who resided on the West Coast of the United States. The genetic counselors on opposite coasts collaborated to provide genetic counseling and evaluation for voluntary, informed predictive testing of the twins, protecting their rights while observing national protocol guidelines.
A case‐based approach to the development of practice‐based competencies for accreditation of and training in graduate programs in genetic counseling
Authors: Fiddler Morris B. , Fine Beth A. , Baker Diane L. ,   ABGC Consensus Development Consortium
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) sponsored a consensus development conference with participation from directors of graduate programs in genetic counseling, board members, and expert consultants. Using a collective, narrative, and case‐based approach, 27 competencies were identified as embedded in the practice of genetic counseling. These competencies were organized into four domains of skills: Communication; Critical Thinking; Interpersonal, Counseling, and Psychosocial Assessment; and Professional Ethics and Values. The adoption of a competency framework for accreditation has a variety of implications for curriculum design and implementation. We report here the process by which a set of practice‐based genetic counseling competencies have been derived; and in an accompanying article, the competencies themselves are provided. We also discuss the application of the competencies to graduate program accreditation as well as some of the implications competency‐based standards may have for education and the genetic counseling profession. These guidelines may also serve as a basis for the continuing education of practicing genetic counselors and a performance evaluation tool in the workplace.
Practice‐based competencies for accreditation of and training in graduate programs in genetic counseling
Authors: Fine Beth A. , Baker Diane L. , Fiddler Morris B. ,   ABGC Consensus Development Consortium
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn January 1996, the American Board of Genetic Counseling (ABGC) adopted 27 practice‐based competencies as a standard for assessing the training of graduate students in genetic counseling. These competencies were identified and refined through a collective, narrative process that took place from January through November 1994, and included directors of graduate programs in genetic counseling, ABGC board members and expert consultants. These competencies now form the basis of the document “Requirements for Graduate Programs in Genetic Counseling Seeking Accreditation by the American Board of Genetic Counseling” (American Board of Genetic Counseling, 1996). The competencies are organized into four domains and are presented and discussed in this article.
Emerging quality improvement measures in genetic counseling
Authors: Lea Dale Halsey 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe need to establish guidelines for total quality management in genetic counseling is now recognized as new genetic technologies are being introduced into genetics services and primary care. Genetic counselors have an important role in developing methods for assuring quality in the genetic counseling process. Emerging quality improvement measures as well as selected examples from the Quality Assurance Program in the Genetics Services Division at the Foundation for Blood Research are presented as examples of direct genetic counselor involvement. Suggestions for future directions of quality improvement activities for genetic counselors are discussed.
Family history in ovarian cancer referral population
Authors: Berg Laura A. , Robert Young S. , Brooks Karen A. , Davis Allison M. , Terry Smith S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn order to determine the incidence of familial and hereditary ovarian cancer in a referral patient population, we conducted a retrospective study of 44 patients from a consecutive set of 62 patients treated for ovarian carcinoma at the Gynecologic Oncology Clinic at the Richland Memorial Hospital Center for Cancer Treatment and Research between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 1993. In our study of the referred patients, only two (4.55%) reported a history of at least one first‐degree relative also being affected with ovarian cancer. However, 13 patients (29.55%) reported a family history consistent with one of the hereditary ovarian cancer syndromes. In addition to having a suggestive family history, these 13 families demonstrated several cardinal features of hereditary cancer syndromes including early onset, bilaterality, multiple primary tumors, and transmission. Race was the only significantly different demographic factor between the hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancer groups. All 13 patients who appeared to have a hereditary form of cancer were Caucasian.
Quality assurance in the clinical genetics setting—Report of a workshop
Authors: Greendale Karen , Knutson Cam , Pauker Susan P. , Lustig Linda , Weaver David D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractParticipants in a panel discussion sponsored by thead hoc Quality Assurance Committee of the National Society of Genetic Counselors discuss early efforts to develop and implement quality assurance instruments at institutional, state, and regional levels. Uniform guidelines and self‐assessment tools can help genetic counselors and clinical geneticists to provide the best possible care to individuals affected by genetic diseases. Further work will be needed to address aspects not covered here and to assure that guidelines allow for creative variation among professionals and centers. An interdisciplinary approach to such standard‐setting is recommended.
Cultural competency in genetic counseling
Authors: Wang Vivian Ota 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIncorporating a cross‐cultural curriculum into genetic counseling training programs demonstrates a professional conviction of genetic counselors that cultural issues are important in genetic counseling. Funded by the Special Projects Fund in 1993 from the National Society of Genetic Counselors and the Kitson Fund from the Department of Social, Organizational, and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, theHandbook of Cross‐Cultural Genetic Counseling was developed to provide genetic counseling programs a curriculum to teach cross‐cultural genetic counseling. The theoretical rationale for the development of a cultural curriculum is presented. By expanding cultural knowledge, developing an awareness of oneself and others, and increasing the repertoire of culturally relevant counseling skills within a socio‐political context, genetic counselors will be able to better serve all clients seeking genetic counseling.
Education and testing strategy for large‐scale cystic fibrosis carrier screening
Authors: Tatsugawa Zina H. , Fox Michelle A. , Fang Carolyn Y. , Novak Jessica M. , Cantor Rita M. , Bass Harold N. , Dunkel‐Schetter Christine , Crandall Barbara F. , Grody Wayne W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPopulation‐based screening for cystic fibrosis carrier mutations presents a number of challenges for genetic counselors, owing primarily to the inability of current DNA testing technology to identify all possible mutations and the difficulty involved in conveying the concept of residual risk to those patients who test negative. To address these issues, we are conducting a pilot study, as part of a consortium established by the National Center for Human Genome Research, to explore the efficacy, acceptance, and psychosocial impact of various approaches to carrier screening in an ethnically diverse Southern California population. This article reports the patient instructional and screening strategies we developed in the initial phase of the project in order to optimize our chances of answering these questions and delivering this service on a large scale.
Bearing bad news: Dealing with the mimics of denial
Authors: Lubinsky Mark S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDenial is a common label for certain reactions to bad news. However, true denial is rare, and most cases actually represent a variety of responses with very different causes and needs. Three of these, disbelief, deferral, and dismissal, are characterized according to origins and needs. Failure to differentiate between these seemingly similar behaviors can result in inappropriate counseling, and interfere with attempts to convey information and provide support during a time of crisis.
Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in gaucher disease: Implications for genetic counseling
Authors: Sidransky Ellen , Ginns Edward I. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGenetic counseling for Gaucher disease is complicated by the vast degree of clinical heterogeneity encountered in the disorder. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of Gaucher disease are particularly relevant to genetic counseling. Although the identification of mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene has enabled genotypic screening of Gaucher patients, the ability to reliably predict patient outcome on the basis of DNA studies is often limited. An appreciation of both the spectrum of clinical manifestations in Gaucher patients and the limitations of the available genotypic information is necessary when counseling patients, families and at‐risk individuals.
A Spanish‐language prenatal family health evaluation questionnaire: Construction and pilot implementation
Authors: Simpson Ellen , Gawron Timothy , Mull Dennis , Walker Ann P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Family Planning Council of America has constructed and implemented a genetic history questionnaire, the Family Health Evaluation, to elicit risk factors, to increase clients' knowledge about reproductive choices, and to improve access to genetic services. The objective of the present study was to develop and implement a Spanish‐language version of the Family Health Evaluation for data collection and risk assessment. The content of the Family Health Evaluation was modified to more clearly reflect the risks, exposures, and medical needs of an Hispanic, largely Mexican‐American, population. In the present study, the questionnaire was administered to women presenting for prenatal care. The data collected in this pilot study indicate that the questionnaire is effective in identifying individuals and families who would benefit from receiving additional information about a medical condition in their families, from genetic counseling or from a referral for high‐resolution ultrasound or other diagnostic procedures.
Scaling up from shifting‐gap mosaic to geographic distribution in the modeling of forest dynamics
Authors: Kohyama Takashi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractShifting‐gap mosaic is incorporated into the dynamic model of size‐structured forests along geographic gradients. In the model named SAL (size–age–location), a forest at a geographic location has a patch‐age structure, which approximates the shifting‐gap mosaic, and a tree‐size structure in each patch of the forest. Growth and recruitment occur in each patch and are regulated by patch‐scale crowding in terms of upper basal area. Seed production depends on the basal area density of mother trees at the forest scale. Seeds are dispersed to neighboring locations of the geographic landscape. After a century‐long “warming” treatment, a resident forest zone prevented, over several millennia, an invading forest zone from achieving a steady‐state range of geographic distribution. Introducing the gap mosaic into the model did not make substantial changes in the response of latitudinal forest zones to the warming treatment, but only moderately accelerated the migration speed of invader species. Temporal fluctuation in seed production without interspecific synchronization, or the lottery effect, did not facilitate the migration of invader species at all.
Reliability of the Spanish version of the Composite Scale of Morningness
Authors: Adan A. , Caci H. , Prat G. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the Spanish version of Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and its ability to measure the circadian typology.Subjects and methodsVoluntary and unpaid psychology students (N = 391; 132 men and 259 women), aged between 17 and 33, completed the questionnaire between the months of September and December.ResultsThe total score was independent of age and gender, with a close to normal distribution and a non-significant negative skewness. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and factor analysis extracted three factors labeled Time of Retiring (items 2 and 7), Activity Planning (items 8, 9, and 13) and Morning Affect (items 3–6, and 10–12). With the 10th and 90th percentiles as cut-off scores, scorers below 22 (N = 40; 10.2%) are classified as evening-types and scorers above 39 as morning-types (N = 28; 7.2%).ConclusionThe Spanish questionnaire shares most of the good psychometric properties of other versions of the CSM, and thus can be used for Spanish-speaking student samples. Nevertheless, further studies of normative data in workers and aged subjects are needed in order to validate CSM.
Leopard food habits in the Lopé National Park, Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Henschel P. , Abernethy K. A. , White L. J. T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTo determine leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus) food habits in the Lopé National Park in Gabon, Central Africa, 196 leopard scats were collected and analysed. Prey items were determined using undigested matter isolated from the scats, and a reference collection of hairs and bones from potential prey species. A minimum of 30 different prey species were identified, 27 of which were mammalian. Leopards preyed mainly on ungulates, which made up 59% of the biomass consumed. Diurnal primates (18%) and large rodents (17%) were also heavily preyed upon. The mean prey weight estimated from scats was 29.2 kg. The most important single prey species was found to be red river hog Potamochoerus porcus (Linnaeus), making up 20% of the biomass consumed, followed by forest buffalo Syncerus caffer nanus (Boddaert) and cane rat Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck), each comprising 13% of biomass consumed.
Spatial patterns in species–area relationships and species distribution in a West African forest–savanna mosaic
Authors: Hovestadt Thomas , Poethke H. Joachim , Linsenmair K. Eduard 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAim To investigate the relationship between the slopezof the species–area relationship (SAR) and the intensity of spatial patterns in species number and dissimilarity for woody plants with different modes of seed dispersal. According to island theory we expect, for any given archipelago, steeper slopes and more pronounced spatial patterns for groups of less dispersive species.Location Ivory Coast, West Africa.Methods In a West African forest–savanna mosaic we collected presence–absence data for woody plant species in 49 forest islands. The parameters of the SARs were fitted by nonlinear regressions and then compared for plant species aggregated according to their mode of seed dispersal. We used the Mantel test to calculate the intensity of spatial patterns in species number, i.e. residual deviation from SAR, and species dissimilarity.Results Thez‐value for bird‐dispersed species was lower (0.11) than that for wind‐dispersed species (0.27), with mammal‐dispersed species taking an intermediate value (0.16). This result suggests that, as a group, bird‐dispersed species are better colonizers. The spatial pattern in species number as well as species similarity was more pronounced for bird‐ compared with wind‐dispersed species.Main conclusions The standard interpretation of the theory of island biogeography claims that shallow slopes in the SAR imply low isolation of islands, i.e. good dispersal abilities of species. The results of our study appear to contradict this statement. The contradiction can eventually be resolved by a more detailed account of the colonization process, i.e. by distinguishing between dispersal and consecutive establishment of populations.