bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splitting the cadaveric liver into right and left lobes for two adult recipients
Authors: Shaked Abraham 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

Objective:
To identify the outcomes and risks of split-liver transplantation (SLT) for two adult recipients to determine the feasibility of more widespread use of this procedure to increase the graft pool for adults.

Summary of Background:
The shortage of cadaver liver grafts for adults is increasing. Using livers from donors defined as optimal, the authors have been developing techniques for SLT for two adult recipients at their center.

Methods:
From July 1993 to December 1999, 34 adults have undergone SLT with grafts from optimal donors prepared by ex situ split (n = 30) or in situ split (n = 4), and 88 adults received optimal whole-liver grafts that were not split. Four split-grafts were transplanted at other centers. The outcomes of transplantation with right and left split-liver grafts were compared with those of whole-liver transplants. The main end points were patient and graft survival at 1 and 2 years and the incidence and types of complications.

Results:
For whole-liver, right and left split-liver grafts, respectively, patient survival rates were 88%, 74%, and 88% at 1 year and 85%, 74%, and 64% at 2 years. Graft survival rates were 88%, 74%, and 75% at 1 year and 85%, 74%, and 43% at 2 years. Patient survival was adversely affected by graft steatosis and recipients inpatient status before transplantation. Graft survival was adversely affected by steatosis and a graft-to-recipient body weight ratio of less than 1%. Primary nonfunction occurred in three left split-liver grafts. The rates of arterial (6%) and biliary (22%) complications were similar to published data from conventional transplantation for an adult and a child. SLT for two adults increased the number of recipients by 62% compared with whole-liver transplantation and was logistically possible in 16 of the 104 (15%) optimal cadaver donors.

Conclusions:
Split-liver transplantation for two adults is technically feasible. Outcomes and complications rates can be improved by rigid selection criteria for donors and recipients, particularly for the smaller left graft, and possibly also by in situ splitting in cadaver donors. Wider use will require changes in the procedures for graft allocation and coordination between centers experienced in the techniques.
Is d-penicillamine useful in fulminat Wilson’s disease?
Authors: Rakela Jorge , Vargas Hugo , Arenas Juan 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

Background:
Wilson’s disease, heralded by severe hepatic insufficiency, is a rare disorder for which emergency liver transplantation is considered to be the only effective therapy.

Aims:
To report the features of Wilson’s disease with severe hepatic insufficiency in a series of 17 patients and, during the second period of the study, to assess the efficacy of a policy consisting of early administration of D-penicillamine.

Patients:
Seventeen consecutive patients with Wilson’s disease were studied. During the first period of the study (up to 1979), none of the patients received D-penicillamine. During the second period (after 1979), all patients without encephalopathy at admission received D-penicillamine.

Results:
The four patients observed during the first period who did not have encephalopathy at admission and did not receive D-penicillamine progressed to encephalopathy and died. Among the 13 consecutive patients observed during the second period, two patients with encephalopathy at admission did not receive D-penicillamine and were transplanted. The 11 remaining patients all received D-penicillamine. Ten of these patients survived without the need for transplantation and returned to compensated liver disease without liver insufficiency. In one patient, liver insufficiency progressed and transplantation had to be performed.

Conclusions:
In most patients with Wilson’s disease heralded by severe hepatic insufficiency and without encephalopathy at admission, early administration of D-penicillamine was associated with survival without transplantation. These results suggest the importance of early diagnosis of this form of Wilson’s disease before the onset of encephalopathy, and favour early administration of D-penicillamine which could avoid the need for transplantation in most cases.
Yes, hepatocellular cancer does occur in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Gores Gregory J. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

Objectives:
The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is not well established, as some reports suggest a low risk, whereas others indicate that HCC may be no less frequent than in other types of cirrhosis.

Methods:
We compared the incidence of HCC in a series of 140 patients with PBC (five men, 135 women, mean age 54 ± 1.6 yr) followed-up for a mean of period of 5.6 ± 0.4 yr with a group of patients with cirrhosis related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were matched for age, sex, and follow-up period. In all patients, HCC was prospectively screened by clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound procedures.

Results:
Five patients with PBC (3.6%) developed HCC. All were in stage IV of the disease. The incidence of HCC in the 45 patients with late stages of the disease (III or IV) was 11.1%, similar to that found in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis, which was 15.0%. The relative risk for HCC in late stages of PBC was of 0.812 (95% CI, 0.229-2.883) with respect to HCV-related cirrhosis. The probability for developing HCC was significantly higher in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis than in PBC patients overall (p = 0.001), but was similar in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and in patients with PBC in stages III and IV (p = ns).

Conclusion:
The risk for HCC in patients with late stages of PBC is similar to that in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.
Exploiting the Versatility of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: The Promise of Blue Roses From Biotechnology
Authors: Gillam Elizabeth M. J. , Guengerich F. Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes involved in drug metabolism are among the most versatile biological catalysts known. A small number of discrete forms of human P450 are capable of catalyzing the monooxygenation of a practically unlimited variety of xenobiotic substrates, with each enzyme showing a more or less wide and overlapping substrate range. This versatility makes P450s ideally suited as starting materials for engineering designer catalysts for industrial applications. In the course of heterologous expression of P450s in bacteria, we observed the unexpected formation of blue pigments. Although this was initially assumed to be an artifact, subsequent work led to the discovery of a new function of P450s in intermediary metabolism and toxicology, new screens for protein engineering, and potential applications in the dye and horticulture industries.
Calming troubled waters: Peacemakers in a sports riot
Authors: Russell Gordon W. , Arms Robert L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis investigation sought to identify a set of measures predictive of those who would intervene in a crowd disturbance with the intent of restoring order. Male participants (N = 74) completed a battery of social and personality measures. Men who had previously attempted to break up a fight(s), including those who had recently intervened and judged their efforts to have been successful, were most likely to step in. Additionally, peacemakers were subject to the false consensus effect and strongly believed in law and order. A multiple regression analysis yielded a solution that accounted for 40.3% of the variance, with previous experience as a peacemaker and attitudes toward law and order emerging as the best predictors. Aggr. Behav. 27:292–296, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple herpetic whitlow lesions in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Smith Edward , Hallman James R. , Pardasani Asha , McMichael Amy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHerpetic whitlow, a herpes simplex virus infection involving the digits, most commonly presents as a vesicular eruption involving a single digit. Diagnosis of herpetic whitlow can usually be made with the history of exposure, the characteristic vesicular eruption, and a positive Tzank smear and/or viral culture. We describe a case of herpetic whitlow in a patient finishing 6 cycles of chemotherapy for refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia that presented with a bilateral, multi‐digit, crusted eruption of the hands. This is an illustrative case of an immunocompromised host status altering appearance and course of cutaneous disease such that the history and physical exam alone may not help in diagnosing atypical presentations of herpetic infections. This case underscores the necessity for clinico‐histopathologic correlation. Am. J. Hematol. 69:285–288, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reticulocyte subpopulations and reticulocyte maturity index (RMI) rise as body iron status falls
Authors: Choi Jong Weon , Pai Soo Hwan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo investigate the influence of body iron status on reticulocyte subpopulations and reticulocyte maturity index (RMI), we measured serum iron markers, fluorescent intensity of reticulocytes, and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations in 374 females aged 14–19 years. Reticulocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry, and sTfR concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. There were no significant differences in the values of reticulocyte subpopulations and RMI between ferritin alone‐depleted group and healthy controls. However, middle‐ and high‐fluorescence reticulocytes and RMI were significantly higher in both the serum iron‐ and serum ferritin‐depleted groups than in the ferritin alone‐depleted group. Middle‐fluorescence reticulocytes and RMI increased gradually as the body iron store was depleted and were 3.4‐ and 3.6‐fold higher, respectively, than normal controls, when the subjects attained a frank iron‐deficiency anemia. There were no significant changes in the values of red blood cells or total reticulocyte counts during iron‐depleted states. The mean value of sTfR (3.98 mg/l) in the subjects with RMI ≥ 1.5% was significantly higher than that (2.26 mg/l) in the subjects with RMI < 1.5% (P < 0.01). The sTfR concentration correlated significantly with RMI (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) and middle‐fluorescence reticulocytes (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). In short, body iron depletion induces elevation of immature reticulocyte fractions and RMI. Am. J. Hematol. 67:130–135, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low adjusted‐dose acenocoumarol therapy in sickle cell disease: A pilot study
Authors: Schnog J.B. , Kater A.P. , Mac Gillavry M.R. , Duits A.J. , Lard L.R. , van der Dijs F.P.L. , Brandjes D.P.M. , ten Cate H. , Statius van Eps L.W. , Rojer R.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVasoocclusion is a continuous process in sickle cell disease (SCD) and accumulates to significant end organ damage, mostly irrespective of the occurrence of manifest acute vasoocclusive events. As there are indications that reversing the hypercoagulable state may be of clinical benefit in sickle cell patients, we performed a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of low‐adjusted dose acenocoumarol therapy (International Normalized Ratio: 1.6–2.0) in SCD. Treatment consisted of either acenocoumarol or placebo for 14 weeks, after which treatment was discontinued for a period of five weeks. Then, patients initially on acenocoumarol received placebo (and vice versa) for 14 weeks. Therapy efficacy was assessed by comparing the frequency of vasoocclusive complications, the occurrence of bleeding, and clotting activation between acenocoumarol and placebo treatment of each individual patient. Twenty‐two patients (14 homozygous [HbSS] and 8 double heterozygous sickle‐C [HbSC]; aged 20–59 years) completed the entire study. Acenocoumarol treatment did not result in a significant reduction of acute vasoocclusive events (three painful crises during acenocoumarol, five painful crises during placebo). There was a marked reduction of the hypercoagulable state (depicted by a decrease in plasma levels of prothrombin F1.2 fragments [P = 0.002], thrombin‐antithrombin complexes [P = 0.003], and D‐dimer fragments [P = 0.001]) without the occurrence of major bleeding. Even though no clinical benefit (pertaining to the frequency of painful crises) was detected in this pilot study, the value of low adjusted‐dose acenocoumarol for preventing specific events (such as strokes) and as a long‐term treatment of sickle cell patients should be subject of further study. Am. J. Hematol. 68:179–183, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of cross‐sectional geometry from metacarpal radiogrammetry: A validation study
Authors: Lazenby Richard A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegression models have been developed to adjust algebraic estimates of second metacarpal cortical bone geometry to actual values (as determined through invasive analysis). These models, derived from an archaeological sample of European origin, have high efficacy in predicting actual values but have not been validated on non‐European samples. This paper reports a validation study for these models applied to a historic/proto‐historic sample of Inuit from the central Canadian Arctic (n = 166; ages and sexes pooled as per the original study). In that the Inuit sample has been argued to exhibit distinct skeletal biology, this represents a robust test of the predictive models. The algebraic models again produced biased overestimates of actual values, whereas the predictive regression models were found to provide good estimates of actual values for measures of bone strength (Total Area, bending about the Ix and Iy axes), but not for estimates of mass (Cortical Area). This difference may exist in either functional or systemic differences in skeletal physiology and aging bone loss in the Inuit. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:74–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantifying social consequences of occupational injuries and illnesses: State of the art and research agenda
Authors: Keller Susan D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative methods for describing the social effects of occupational injury and illness are evaluated including surveys of prevalence and ratings of severity of social role disability.MethodsThe reliability and validity for the injured worker population of the most commonly used general and condition‐specific role disability measures is reviewed and summarized. This review is used to support the development of a prototype strategy for quantifying the social consequences of occupational injuries and to identify areas of need for further research and developmentConclusionsResearch is needed to: (a) determine which of existing measures is most precise in describing the severity of dysfunction due to a specific illness or injury, (b) expand the development of measures of specific role functioning (including paid work), and (c) develop item banks to support the construction of computer adaptive assessments of role functioning. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:438–451, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality patterns by occupation in a cohort of electric utility workers
Authors: van Wijngaarden Edwin , Savitz David A. , Kleckner Robert C. , Kavet Robert , Loomis Dana 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMortality patterns were examined in a United States cohort of 138,905 male electric utility workers from five companies to help interpret previous studies of health effects in this industry.MethodsUsing Poisson regression techniques, internal cohort analyses examined total mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in relation to duration of employment in each of nineteen occupational categories which comprise utility operations.ResultsRelative to workers who were never involved in utility operations (e.g., administrative workers), mortality rate ratios among operations workers were higher for total mortality, cardiovascular disease, and total cancer. Lung cancer risk was consistently elevated, whereas increased mortality for other cancers was less consistent.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate excess risk of total mortality, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers among electric utility workers, which could be related to both occupational and non‐occupational risk factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:667–673, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Risk of shoulder tendinitis in relation to shoulder loads in monotonous repetitive work
Authors: Frost Poul , Bonde Jens Peter E. , Mikkelsen Sigurd , Andersen Johan H. , Fallentin Nils , Kaergaard Anette , Thomsen Jane F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundFew studies relate the occurrence of shoulder disorders to quantified ergonomic exposures. This study evaluates the hypothesis that shoulder loads in repetitive work might contribute to the occurrence of shoulder tendinitis.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of 1961 workers in repetitive work and 782 referents. Shoulder loads were quantified at task level and measures of exposures were assigned based on task distribution. Symptoms in combination with clinical criteria defined shoulder tendinitis.ResultsThe prevalence of shoulder tendinitis was higher among exposed workers (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–3). Neither frequency of movements (ranging 1–36/min) nor lack of micro‐pauses in shoulder flexion (ranging 0–100% of cyclus time) was related to disease prevalence. Increasing force requirements (categorized as light = 1, somewhat hard = 2, hard = 3 or very hard = 4) increased risk slightly (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.6 per unit).ConclusionsThe results indicate that workers with repetitive tasks have increased risk of shoulder tendinitis, which partially can be attributed to force requirements. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:11–18, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospitalizations among female home‐helpers in Denmark, 1981–1997
Authors: Hannerz Harald , Tüchsen Finn 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundOccupational health problems among home‐helpers have been reported in a series of studies, and the need for intervention has been pointed out. To facilitate decisions regarding interventions and to establish baseline values for future evaluation of preventive efforts, the present study aimed to elucidate the disease pattern among female home‐helpers in Denmark.MethodsCohorts of all 20–59‐year‐old Danish female home‐helpers in the years 1981, 1986, 1991, and 1994 were formed, to calculate age standardized hospitalization ratios (SHR) and time trends (1981–1997) for a large variety of diagnostic aggregations.ResultsSignificantly high SHRs were found for injuries, infectious and parasitic diseases, and for diseases of the nervous system, circulatory system, the respiratory organs, digestive system, and the musculoskeletal system. When adjusting for social group the SHRs for varicose veins, ischemic heart diseases (IHD), and musculoskeletal disorders were still significantly high while the SHR for malignant neoplasm of respiratory organs became significantly low. The time trends revealed increased relative risks for IHD and asthma, and a decreasing relative risk for duodenal ulcer.ConclusionsEmployment in the Danish home‐help sector is associated with an elevated hospitalization risk due to many work‐related diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:1–10, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between stress and pain in work‐related upper extremity disorders: The hidden role of chronic multisymptom illnesses*
Authors: Clauw Daniel J. , Williams David A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPain and fatigue are commonly associated with work‐related upper extremity disorders. Occasionally these symptoms persist beyond a reasonable healing period. One potential explanation for prolonged symptom expression is the concurrent development of a stress‐mediated illness or CMI (Chronic Multi‐Symptom Illness). In such a scenario, the chronic regional pain and other symptoms that the individual is experiencing would be attributable to the CMI rather than to tissue damage or a biomechanical dysfunction of the upper‐extremity.MethodsThis article critically reviews the case definitions of the new class of CMI disorders and evaluates the existing evidence supporting centrally mediated physiological changes (e.g., sensory hypervigilance, dysautonomia) that manifest as symptoms of pain and fatigue in some individuals experiencing chronic stressors.ResultsWhile explanations for prolonged pain and fatigue have historically focused on mechanisms involving peripheral pathology or psychiatric explanations, ample evidences support the role of altered Central Nervous System function in accounting for symptom manifestation in CMI.ConclusionsA model is presented that unites seemingly disparate findings across numerous investigations and provides a framework for understanding how genetics, triggering events, stressors, and early life events can affect CNS activity. Resultant symptom expression (e.g., pain and fatigue) from central dysregulation would be expected to occur in a subset of individuals in the population, including a subset of individuals with work‐related upper extremity disorders. Thus when symptoms such as pain and fatigue persist beyond a reasonable period, consideration of CMI and associated assessment and interventions focused on central mechanisms may be worthwhile. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:370–382, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nested case‐control study of lung cancer among pulp and paper workers in relation to exposure to dusts
Authors: Szadkowska‐Stańczyk Irena , Szymczak Wiełsaw 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have indicated an increased risk of lung cancer in pulp and paper industry workers. In a 1990 survey, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was found to be 122 (95% CI:96–153) for lung cancer in Polish male workers in the pulp and paper industry, and 166 (95% CI:95–270) among workers engaged in paper production.MethodsA nested case‐control design within a cohort of pulp and paper workers was applied. Seventy‐nine lung cancer cases and 237 “healthy” controls were selected from the cohort of 10,460 workers employed during the years 1968–1990, and observed until the end of 1995. Based on personnel files, occupational exposure was reconstructed by experts. Using a questionnaire, data on smoking habits were collected. ORs unadjusted and adjusted for smoking were calculated applying the model of conditional logistic regression.ResultsOccupational exposure to inorganic dusts (kaolin, lime, cement, brick, grindstone) adjusted for smoking was a significant lung cancer risk factor, with a 4.0‐fold risk (95% CI:1.3–12.6), and a dose‐response by cumulative dose index. Among organic dusts only wood dust increased albeit insignificantly the risk for those exposed (adjusted for smoking OR = 2.1, 95% CI:0.9–4.9), but without dose‐response relationship.ConclusionsExposure to occupational dust with relatively low content of silica, but at high concentrations may be considered as a factor increasing lung cancer risk. However, the observation made in this study should be viewed with caution as it was based on a small number of cases, and further evidence is needed to confirm or refute the authors' hypothesis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:547–556, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.