bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of the correlation between P-wave velocity and the physical properties of weakly cemented formations
Authors: Lin Dong , Bu Yuhuan , Liu Huajie , Lu Chang , Guo Shenglai , Xu Hongzhi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDeep water and shallow layers mostly feature weakly cemented formations, with complex geological structures, geological looseness, susceptibility to collapse. In order to obtain information on weakly cemented formation materials, weakly cemented argillaceous siltstone is simulated as the research object and the focus is on analysing the influence of ultrasonic frequency, density, particle size (porosity), and compressive strength on P-wave velocity and establishing the correlation relationship between longitudinal wave velocity and each parameter through indoor simulation experiments. The results showed that there is a linear relationship between P-wave velocity and ultrasonic frequency in terms of positive correlation as well as compressive strength. The nonlinear relationship between P-wave velocity and particle size (porosity) is a negative correlation, while the nonlinear relationship between sound velocity and density is a positive correlation. In addition, the influence of core height on P-wave velocity is analysed; it is found that as the core height increases, the velocity slightly decreases, and each ultrasonic frequency has an ultimate height for sound wave penetration. Through the response relationship between ultrasound and the physical properties of weakly cemented formations, indirect acquisition can be achieved, which is of great significance for the development of oil and gas in weakly cemented formations.
Prevention of activated brown adipose tissue on 18F-FDG-PET scans of young lymphoma patients: results of an ancillary study within the EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial
Authors: Pötzsch C. , Kurch Lars , Naumann S. , Georgi T. W. , Sabri O. , Stoevesandt D. , Cepelova M. , Körholz D. , Mauz-Körholz C. , Hasenclever D. , Kluge R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractActivated brown fat (aBAT) is known to affect the evaluation of 18F-FDG PET scans, especially in young patients. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing the occurrence of aBAT, and to investigate the effectiveness of the two preventive measures, warming and beta-blocker (propranolol) administration. Five-hundred-twenty-eight 18F-FDG-PET scans of 241 EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial patients from 41 nuclear medicine departments in Germany and Czech Republic were screened for aBAT. The occurrence of aBAT was analyzed with patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, predisposition to aBAT), weather data at the day of 18F-FDG PET scanning as well as the preventive measures taken. Potentially important factors from univariate analyses were included into a logistic regression model. Warming as a preventive measure was used in 243 18F-FDG-PET scans, propranolol was administered in 36, warming and propranolol were combined in 84, and no preventive measures were taken in 165 scans. Whereas age, sex and body mass index had no clear impact, there was an individual predisposition to aBAT. Logistic regression model revealed that the frequency of aBAT mainly depends on the outside temperature (p = 0.005) and can be effectively reduced by warming (p = 0.004), the administration of unselective beta-blocker or the combination of both. Warming is a simple, cheap and non-invasive method to reduce the frequency of aBAT. However, the effect of warming decreases with increasing outside temperatures. Administration of propranolol seems to be equally effective and provides advantages whenever the positive effect of warming is compromised. The combination of both preventive measures could have an additive effect.
Observation of a temperature dependent anomaly in the UV translucency of milk useful for UV-C preservation techniques
Authors: Fiege Jaayke L. , Woll Benedikt , Hebig Stefan , Dabrowski Alexandra , Gräf Volker , Walz Elke , Nöbel Stefan , Schrader Katrin , Stahl Mario 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMilk fat globules and casein micelles are the dispersed particles of milk that are responsible for its typical white turbid appearance and usually make it difficult to treat with modern ultraviolet light (UV) preservation techniques. The translucency of milk depends largely on the refractive indices of the dispersed particles, which are directly affected by temperature changes, as incorporated triglycerides can crystallize, melt or transition into other polymorphs. These structural changes have a significant effect on the scattering properties and thus on the UV light propagation in milk, especially by milk fat globules. In this study, a temporary minimum in the optical density of milk was observed within UV wavelength at 14 °C when heating the milk from 6 to 40 °C. This anomaly is consistent with structural changes detected by a distinct endothermic peak at 14 °C using differential scanning calorimetry. Apparently, the optical density anomaly between 10 and 20 °C disappears when the polymorphic transition already has proceeded through previous isothermal equilibration. Thus, melting of equilibrated triglycerides may not affect the RI of milk fat globules at ca. 14 °C as much as melt-mediated polymorphic transitioning. An increased efficiency of UV-C preservation (254 nm) at the translucency optimum was demonstrated by temperature-dependent microbial inactivation experiments.
Associate plant parasitic nematodes to weed species in some newly reclaimed lands
Authors: AbdelRazek Ghena Mamdouh , Balah Mohamed Abdelaziz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are vital soil organisms well-known to damage and reduce crop yield worldwide. Surveys were attempts to determine the impact of weed species on the communities and composition of nematodes in barley, wheat, quinoa, eggplant, and tomato crops in Alexandria and Ismailia regions of Egypt. During the surveys, eight occurring genera of nematodes were found namely; Meloidogyne spp, Pratylenchus spp, Helicotylenchus spp, Rotylenchulus spp, Xiphinema spp, Criconemoides spp, Ditylenchus spp, and Longidorus spp associated with the soil’s rhizosphere of 28 weed species belonging to 12 families. Among these weeds, Hordeum marinum and Sonchus oleraceus were good hosts to nematode species. Both wheat and barley had higher nematode diversity than quinoa in the winter season. Pratylenchus spp, Meloidogyne spp and Rotylenchulus spp can be considered vital potential PPNs with economic importance. Nematode abundances and structural indices varied greatly based on the host weed species, crop types and soil characteristics. A positive correlation was monitored among weeds, nematode frequencies and relative abundances as well as their crops. Finally, weed species are critical components in nematode communities that may increase the incidence and severity of nematode risks based on crop type and soil characteristics. Therefore weeds should be managed properly to diminish reservoir sites when developing nematode management options.
THEM6 is a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration
Authors: Lu Xingjia , Chen Wenlin , Tian Gengzhou , Ge Fei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo characterize the implications of lipid metabolism-related gene thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) in breast cancer. Several databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized for our meticulous bioinformatics analysis. We further performed qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and IHC assays to validate the expression of THEM6 in various breast cancer cells and tissues. In addition, we have carried out relevant functional experiments to explore the regulatory role of THEM6 in vitro. Lipid metabolism-related genes are independent factors for overall survival. According to several databases, THEM6 was significantly more expressed in cancerous tissues of breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) compared to its paracancerous tissues. Furthermore, THEM6 overexpression was correlated with poorer overall survival of BRCA patients, serving as a separate prognostic factor for BRCA. Biological functional analyses revealed that THEM6 was associated with tumor progression and pathogenesis. Finally, we discovered that in BRCA, THEM6 expression was linked to multiple immune cell types. qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments demonstrated a general upregulation of THEM6 expression in breast carcinoma cells. IHC showed that THEM6 was expressed in both breast cancer tissues and para-cancer tissues, but its expression level was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues. In vitro studies indicated that THEM6 increased proliferation, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells, while also affecting the cell cycle and promoting cancer progression. Furthermore, THEM6 may influence macrophage recruitment and polarization in the tumor microenvironment by regulating CCL2 secretion, which in turn affects macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings indicate that the overexpression of THEM6, which is linked to the development of breast cancer, is a predictor of a poor prognosis and has an impact on the degree of immune cell infiltration. Therefore, THEM6 has the potential to be a valuable target for BRCA.
Graph theory analysis reveals an assortative pain network vulnerable to attacks
Authors: Chen Chong , Tassou Adrien , Morales Valentina , Scherrer Grégory 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe neural substrate of pain experience has been described as a dense network of connected brain regions. However, the connectivity pattern of these brain regions remains elusive, precluding a deeper understanding of how pain emerges from the structural connectivity. Here, we employ graph theory to systematically characterize the architecture of a comprehensive pain network, including both cortical and subcortical brain areas. This structural brain network consists of 49 nodes denoting pain-related brain areas, linked by edges representing their relative incoming and outgoing axonal projection strengths. Within this network, 63% of brain areas share reciprocal connections, reflecting a dense network. The clustering coefficient, a measurement of the probability that adjacent nodes are connected, indicates that brain areas in the pain network tend to cluster together. Community detection, the process of discovering cohesive groups in complex networks, successfully reveals two known subnetworks that specifically mediate the sensory and affective components of pain, respectively. Assortativity analysis, which evaluates the tendency of nodes to connect with other nodes that have similar features, indicates that the pain network is assortative. Finally, robustness, the resistance of a complex network to failures and perturbations, indicates that the pain network displays a high degree of error tolerance (local failure rarely affects the global information carried by the network) but is vulnerable to attacks (selective removal of hub nodes critically changes network connectivity). Taken together, graph theory analysis unveils an assortative structural pain network in the brain that processes nociceptive information. Furthermore, the vulnerability of this network to attack presents the possibility of alleviating pain by targeting the most connected brain areas in the network.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey
Authors: Guarcello M. G. , Flaccomio E. , Albacete-Colombo J. F. , Almendros-Abad V. , Anastasopoulou K. , Andersen M. , Argiroffi C. , Bayo A. , Bartlett E. S. , Bastian N. , De Becker M. , Best W. , Bonito R. , Borghese A. , Calzetti D. , Castellanos R. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. , Clark J. S. , Clarke C. J. , Zelati F. Coti , Damiani F. , Drake J. J. , Gennaro M. , Ginsburg A. , Grebel E. K. , Hora J. L. , Israel G. L. , Lawrence G. , Locci D. , Mapelli M. , Martinez-Galarza J. R. , Micela G. , Miceli M. , Moraux E. , Muzic K. , Najarro F. , Negueruela I. , Nota A. , Pallanca C. , Prisinzano L. , Ritchie B. , Robberto M. , Rom T. , Sabbi E. , Scholz A. , Sciortino S. , Trigilio C. , Umana G. , Winter A. , Wright N. J. , Zeidler P. 
Published: December 2023

Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars. The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically, the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec. Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2 s−1. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution, with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Privatverordnungen von Benzodiazepinen und Z-Substanzen in Ost- und
Westdeutschland – eine Sekundärdatenanalyse
Authors: Grimmsmann Thomas , Himmel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel Benzodiazepine und Z-Substanzen werden in erheblichem
Umfang auf Privatrezept auch für gesetzlich Krankenversicherte
verordnet, mit ehemals großen Unterschieden zwischen Ost- und
Westdeutschland. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es zu untersuchen, ob diese
Unterschiede auch heute noch bestehen.
Methode Die Sekundärdatenanalyse nutzte anonymisierte
Verordnungsdaten von niedergelassenen Hausärzten, Neurologen und
Psychiatern. Eingeschlossen wurden gesetzlich Krankenversicherte mit mindestens
einer Verordnung eines Benzodiazepins oder einer Z-Substanz zwischen 2014 und
2020. Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland im Anteil der
Privatverordnungen waren zentrales Outcome. In multiplen Regressionsanalysen
wurde geprüft, ob die Faktoren Region (Ost- vs. Westdeutschland) und
Facharztgruppe (Hausärzte vs. Neurologen/Psychiatern)
statistisch signifikante Prädiktoren für den Anteil an
Privatverordnungen sind – unter Berücksichtigung der Alters- und
Geschlechtszusammensetzung der Patienten einer Praxis.
Ergebnisse Aus 867 Praxen wurden 2.200.446 Verordnungen von Z-Substanzen,
Benzodiazepin-Anxiolytika und Benzodiazepin-Hypnotika/Sedativa
ausgewertet. Über 38% dieser Verordnungen wurden in Form von
Privatrezepten ausgestellt; in Ostdeutschland lag der Anteil bei 53,6%,
in Westdeutschland bei 34,8%. Für Z-Substanzen war der Anteil an
Privatverordnungen besonders hoch (70,7% in Ost- und 43,0% in
Westdeutschland). Hausärzte griffen weit häufiger als Neurologen
und Psychiater zu Privatverordnungen. Der Anteil von Privatverordnungen stieg im
Untersuchungszeitraum an, vergleichsweise stark in den westlichen
Bundesländern (von 33% auf 39%), geringfügig in
den östlichen Bundesländern (von 53% auf 54%).
Im multivariaten Modell waren die Region (Ost/West) und die
Facharztgruppe ähnlich starke Prädiktoren für das
Ausmaß an Privatverordnungen, besonders bei Z-Substanzen.
Schlussfolgerung Entgegen einer allgemeinen Angleichung von
Lebenserwartung, Morbiditätsrisiken und Gesundheitsverhalten in Ost- und
Westdeutschland gibt es, trotz Annäherung, weiterhin einen deutlichen
Unterschied zwischen beiden Regionen im Anteil an Privatverordnungen bei
Benzodiazepinen, speziell bei Z-Substanzen. Die Arztgruppen, die
maßgeblich diese Substanzen verordnen, nämlich Neurologen und
Psychiater auf der einen, Hausärzte auf der anderen Seite unterscheiden
sich ebenfalls erheblich in der Quote ihrer Privatrezepte für diese
Substanzen.
Winterzeit=Lesezeit
Authors: Timmann Doris , Zohmann Andreas 
Published: December 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,der Dezember lädt ein, innezuhalten und das Jahr Revue passieren zu lassen.
In dieser Zeit der Reflexion und des Neubeginns möchten wir Ihnen eine
Ausgabe der Hands on präsentieren, die Sie vielleicht dazu anregt,
den kommenden Monat auch bewusst zum Lesen und für Ihre Fortbildung zu
nutzen.
Palliativmedizinische Aspekte der Pneumo-Onkologie
Authors: Heigener David , Delis Sandra 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Palliativmedizin ist integraler Bestandteil der Therapie des fortgeschrittenen und metastasierten Lungenkarzinoms. Die strukturierte palliativmedizinische Begleitung der Patienten ab Diagnosestellung führt zu einer deutlich verbesserten Lebensqualität und eventuell sogar zu einer Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit. Neben der Symptomkontrolle sollte auch die Krankheitsperspektive regelmäßig neu evaluiert und mit dem Patienten und seinen Zugehörigen offen kommuniziert werden.
Not-for-profit or for-profit? Research on the high-quality development path of private universities in China based on system dynamics
Authors: Duan Shufen , Yang Hongjuan , Ning Fan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrivate universities play an important role in many countries worldwide. Approximately one-third of university students worldwide are enrolled in private universities. In countries with a large proportion of private universities, the quality of private universities determines the quality of higher education in the country as a whole. In some developed countries, the quality is high; however, in most developing countries, the quality of private universities is significantly lower than that of public universities. In many countries, private universities are managed in either a “not-for-profit” or a “for-profit” manner. The management type of private universities that best supports high-quality development has become an important issue in the field of higher education in many developing countries, but there are only a few related quantitative studies. Taking one private university in China as an example, this study aims to reveal the path that best supports high-quality development for a private university regarding the choice between the not-for-profit and for-profit orientations. Based on a literature review, a system dynamics model of development for private universities is developed, and the case data are simulated and analyzed based on the model. It is concluded that the rapid development path with a not-for-profit orientation, which enjoys government financial allocation, is more conducive to the high-quality development of private universities. Finally, the study proposes the strategies of encouraging private universities to choose the not-for-profit orientation, increasing government investment in not-for-profit private universities, and strengthening the financial supervision of not-for-profit private universities to promote their high-quality development.
Envisioning the future: optically transparent metasurface-based solar thermophotovoltaic with high conversion efficiency
Authors: Shafique Amina , Naveed Muhammad Ashar , Aldaghri Osamah , Cabrera Humberto , Ibnaouf Khalid H , Madkhali Nawal , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Transparent solar thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) technology combines visible transparency and solar energy conversion. They are developed for their potential applications in buildings and vehicles windows, where conventional opaque solar cells may not be feasible. TPV’s offer a promising solution to harness solar energy without compromising aesthetics or functionality of transparent surfaces. Broadband absorption at UV and IR frequencies and simultaneous transmission at visible frequencies can be achieved by fabricating metamaterials that employ semi-conducting oxides. In this study, an optically transparent metasurface (OTM) based STPV composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) is introduced as the transparent metal and ZnS as a substrate layer. Our design offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for large-scale fabrication. The designed OTM structure exhibits exceptional absorption capabilities, achieving an absorption rate of up to 99% in the UV region. Additionally, it achieves over 90% absorptivity in the far infrared range and maintains a high average transmittance at visible frequencies. Furthermore, the absorption remains consistently high, exceeding 90%, even when the incident angle is less than 70° for both TE and TM polarization waves. This innovative design holds promise for various applications requiring high-performance transparent metasurface absorbers/emitters. The proposed transparent metasurface based STPV holds great potential for efficient utilization in combined solar/thermal conversion systems.
Enhancement of electron energies in the laser wakefield acceleration using a density up-ramp capillary gas-cell
Authors: Nam Inhyuk , Kim Minseok , Cho Myung Hoon , Jang Dogeun , Hur MinSup , Suk Hyyong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), the dephasing problem is a serious energy-limiting factor, which is caused by the velocity difference between the accelerated electrons and the laser wake wave. To overcome the dephasing problem, we developed a special capillary gas-cell with a density up-ramp along the laser propagation direction and used it for electron acceleration experiments. Our experiments, which were performed with a peak laser power of 15 TW at GIST, show that the electron beam energy was enhanced to 260 MeV compared with 98 MeV from a flat density profile, which is more than two fold by the density up-ramp due to the increase of the dephasing length in the density up-ramp. This is the first experimental demonstration for electron energy enhancement using the density up-ramp in a capillary gas-cell. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations were also performed to confirm the effect of the density up-ramp, which shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with a gas jet, the capillary gas-cell can provide a more stable and longer plasma so that the density up-ramp method in the capillary gas-cell may produce high quality electron beams of energy up to GeV range.
Observability of parameter space for charged Higgs boson in its bosonic decays in two Higgs doublet model Type-1
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Ahmad Waqas , Amjad M. S. , Muhammad Jamil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study explores the possibility of discovering

through its bosonic decays, i.e.,

(where ϕ = h or A), within the Type-I two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). The main objective is to demonstrate the available parameter space after applying recent experimental and theoretical exclusion limits. We suggest that

= 150 GeV is the most probable mass for the

decay channel in

collisions at

= 8, 13, and 14 TeV. We also report on the application of a modern machine learning approach to a multivariate technique for heavy charged Higgs production in association with a single top quark through weak interaction to demonstrate its observability in comparison with the most relevant Standard Model backgrounds using the neural networks of boosted decision Tree (BDT), likelihood (LH), and multilayer perceptron (MLP).