bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal for modifying procedures for declaring significant trends in TIMSS
Authors: Braun Henry Isaiah , von Davier Matthias , Chen Jihang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
International large-scale assessments (ILSA) are an important source of information for education policymakers across the globe. Despite sponsors’ warnings, when results are published, media attention focuses on country rankings and changes in scores. Score changes are evaluated using a two-sided z-statistic, with statistical significance declared if the statistic exceeds 1.96 in absolute value. Findings of significance occasion much commentary and may also have policy implications. Particularly problematic, however, are cases in which a significant trend in one direction is followed in the next cycle by a significant trend in the opposite direction. Such reporting reversals are often difficult to explain on substantive grounds and, consequently, can undermine the credibility of the ILSA. This article proposes and evaluates a new approach to determining the significance of observed score changes. It employs a two one-sided test (TOST) procedure. A key feature is establishing an equivalence zone around zero. A change is declared only if the test statistic does not fall in the equivalence zone. Thus, the procedure combines consideration of statistical significance and substantive importance. We augment the TOST procedure with the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure (BH-TOST) to control the False Discovery Rate , to address the problem of multiplicity. Using data from TIMSS (2011, 2015, 2019), we explore different parameter choices for BH-TOST and evaluate the operating characteristics of the selected version with respect to three different criteria. Our results indicate that BH-TOST is generally superior to the current procedure, concluding that it merits serious consideration as a basis for reporting TIMSS results.
Filtration flow rate at low convection volume in continuous hemodiafiltration using cytokine adsorbing hemofilter does not affect cytokine clearance in an experimental model
Authors: Kudo Mototsugu , Chihara Shinya , Tatsumi Hiroomi , Masuda Yoshiki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In recent years, continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) with a cytokine adsorbing hemofilter (CAH) has been used in clinical practice to treat acute kidney injury associated with hypercytokinemia. Two types of CAH are available, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyethylenimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST), each having distinct adsorption mechanisms. PMMA adsorbs substances with hydrophobic bases through hydrophobic interactions, resulting in occlusion of the membrane pores. AN69ST adsorbs positively charged substances through electrostatic bonds because its bulk layer is negatively charged. In both CAH, the adsorption efficiency of cytokines with large molecular weights is likely affected by filtration rather than by diffusion transfer. These adsorbing-type membranes have limitations in terms of filtration flow rate because of their low water permeability. The relationship between the adsorption effect and the filtration flow rate in CAH-CKRT has not been fully investigated.

Purpose
The effect of low-convection volume settings below 600 mL/h on cytokine adsorption characteristics was experimentally investigated in CKRT.

Materials and methods
Test solutions, including albumin (4.5%), creatinine (10 mg/dL), interleukin (IL)-6 (1000 pg/mL), and IL-8 (1000 pg/mL), were prepared. The test solution was circulated through the experimental circuit of continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) with a total convection volume ranging from 0 to 600 mL/h. The test solution was circulated through the experimental circuit of hemodiafiltration (CHDF) with various dialysate flow rates (QD; 0, 200, 400, and 600 ml/h) and filtration flow rates (QF; 0, 200, 400, and 600 ml/h). Samples immediately before and after CAH from the sampling port of the circuit were collected seven times at 1-min intervals. Clearances of creatinine, IL-6, and IL-8 were calculated for each setting of the proportions of QD and QF during CKRT using PMMA and AN69ST.

Results
Creatinine clearance increased with increasing QD and QF, regardless of the membrane type. There were no significant differences in the adsorption clearance of IL-6 and IL-8 among the different settings, regardless of the membrane type.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that the cytokine clearance at a low convection volume in CAH-CKRT was not affected by the filtration flow rate.
Delay discounting predicts COVID-19 vaccine booster willingness
Authors: Halilova Julia G. , Fynes‑Clinton Samuel , Terao Caitlin M. , Addis Donna Rose , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Developing ways to predict and encourage vaccine booster uptake are necessary for durable immunity responses. In a multi-nation sample, recruited in June–August 2021, we assessed delay discounting (one’s tendency to choose smaller immediate rewards over larger future rewards), COVID-19 vaccination status, demographics, and distress level. Participants who reported being vaccinated were invited back one year later (n = 2547) to report their willingness to receive a booster dose, along with reasons for their decision. After controlling for demographic variables and distress level, a greater tendency to discount future rewards was associated with reduced willingness to receive a booster dose. Thematic coding revealed that the most common reason for booster willingness was protection against COVID-19, and for unwillingness was non-necessity. The results identify delay discounting as a behavioral predictor of booster willingness that may be used to inform tailored approaches to increase booster uptake (e.g., trust in science vs. vaccine mandates).
Comparing physiological and psychological effects of virtual reality vs. traditional high-intensity interval training in healthy individuals: results from a preliminary pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Robinson Jonathan , Razak Mohammad Haziq Bin Abdul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is a growing concern, contributing significantly to the development of chronic diseases. Virtual reality and active video games have emerged as potential solutions to promote physical activity by integrating immersive experiences with exercise. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient method for improving fitness, but its intensity may reduce motivation. Recent studies suggest that virtual reality (VR) could enhance both the psychological experience and motivation to engage in exercise, making it a promising alternative to traditional HIIT training.

Objectives
The study aimed to explore the feasibility, efficacy, and potential effects of VR compared to traditional HIIT in terms of physiological and psychological outcomes in physically active adults.

Methods
Using a parallel-design pilot randomised controlled trial, 10 participants completed the study and were randomly allocated to either the VR group (n = 5) or non-VR group (n = 5). The VR group participated in a single session of HIIT using the Facebook Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, while the non-VR group underwent a single session of traditional HIIT training. Physiological outcomes, including heart rate parameters (measured using a Polar HR monitor) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE, assessed using the Borg scale), as well as psychological outcomes of the flow experience (measured using the Flow State Scale questionnaire) were assessed.

Results
Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in heart rate parameters between the VR and non-VR groups, indicating that both interventions achieved comparable exercise intensity and meeting the recommended levels for health benefits. However, the VR group demonstrated a lower RPE score (p < 0.001, d = − 3.7; BF
10 = 58.7), suggesting a reduced perception of effort during the exercise session compared to the non-VR group. Additionally, the VR group reported a significantly higher post-intervention flow state score — a state of deep focus and immersion — in the subscale of unambiguous feedback (p = 0.04, d = 1.6; BF
10 = 2.2), reflecting clear, immediate feedback and a more engaging, intrinsically motivating exercise experience.

Conclusions
This pilot study suggests that fully immersive VR can be an effective alternative to traditional HIIT, providing a high-flow experience and potentially enhancing motivation among physically active users.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06420414. Registered 20 May 2024 — retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06420414
The Association Between Pregnancy Complications and Long-term Maternal Cardiometabolic Health in the MIREC Cohort Study
Authors: Fisher Mandy , Smith Graeme , Potter Beth K , Arbuckle Tye E , Little Julian , Weiler Hope , Morisset Anne-Sophie , Lanphear Bruce , Braun Joseph M , Kumarathasan Premkumari , Walker Mark , Borghese Michael M , Ashley-Martin Jillian , Shutt Robin , Dodds Linda , Bruin Jennifer E , Palaniyandi Jana , Helewa Michael , Taback Shayne , Massarelli Isabelle , Palmert Mark R , Krzeczkowski John , Fraser William D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Context
During pregnancy, women who experience certain pregnancy complications show elevations in biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance; however, few studies have examined these cardiometabolic biomarkers in the decade following pregnancy.

Objective
To examine the association between pregnancy complications and cardiometabolic biomarkers 9 years postpartum including blood pressure, blood lipids, body fat percentage, insulin resistance [glucose, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), leptin, adiponectin], and inflammation (high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein).

Methods
Using data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals cohort study (2008-2021), we determined 3 groups of pregnancy complications: (1) hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (n = 35); (2) any pregnancy complication in the index pregnancy, defined as preterm birth, HDP, impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 55); and (3) self-reported recurrence of 1 of these pregnancy complications (n = 19). Our comparison group included 186 women with uncomplicated pregnancies.

Results
In our adjusted linear regression results, all pregnancy complication groups showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure 9 years later. HOMA-IR was 23% [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.4%, 57%], 26% (95% CI: 2.0%, 55%), and 51% (95% CI: 12%, 104%) higher at follow-up in participants who had experienced a prior HDP, an index pregnancy complication, or a recurrent pregnancy complication, respectively. Elevations were also seen with HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, and leptin, especially among those with recurrent complications.

Conclusion
This study contributes to the body of evidence that women with a history of certain pregnancy complications merit special attention in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We recommend further exploration into these associations in larger cohorts.
Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy as an Adverse Event of Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Kennedy Randol , Macrohon Calvin Rei L , David Mary Lourdes Grace V , Lee Meg , Salama April K S , Shariff Afreen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is rarely associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A few cases report associations with inhibitors to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1 inhibitors); however, association with combined immunotherapies has not been reported. We present a 48-year-old female with recurrent malignant melanoma who underwent 23 cycles of nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, and 11 cycles of combined cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor ipilimumab-nivolumab. During the latter course of combination therapy, she experienced progressive weight loss and a dramatic change in body habitus over 3 to 6 months. Physical examination showed generalized loss of subcutaneous fat with protruding veins and muscular definition. Metabolic workup showed new-onset diabetes mellitus, a very low high-density lipoprotein, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and undetectable leptin/adiponectin levels. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography performed for restaging and response assessment revealed generalized soft tissue edema and diffuse hepatic steatosis. An excisional skin biopsy identified changes consistent with involutional lipoatrophy/lipodystrophy. Treatment included insulin (average total daily dose 0.13-0.26 Units/kg/day) and a combination of lipid-lowering therapy (statins, fenofibrate, icosapent ethyl), which led to marked improvement in triglycerides and symptoms. This case further underscores the emerging challenges with endocrinopathies associated with checkpoint inhibitors.
What is the lived experience of advanced nurse practitioners of managing risk and patient safety in acute settings? A phenomenological perspective
Authors: Girdher Juliet 
Published: January 2025

Background: Managing clinical risk and patient safety is high on clinical and political agendas. Advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) are frontline practitioners who make critical decisions. The ANP experience of navigating patient safety and risk is under-researched. Aim: To explore the lived experience of ANPs in managing risk and patient safety in acute settings. Method: A total of 10 ANPs from three acute settings provided data over 10 months on their experiences of managing risk and safety. Data were obtained through reflective interviews, written reflections and researcher journals. Data were analysed through Van Manen's approach, which was supplemented by NVivo 11. Results: The data suggested that how ANPs manage risk and patient safety is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the situation, their knowledge breadth and application, the level of available management support, and their personal emotions. When facing uncertainty, insufficient knowledge/information/time, ANPs were reportedly guided by feelings (happiness, comfort, care, concern, worry) and, in critical times, fuelled by fear. Emotions were both drivers and barriers to practitioners' capabilities. Snapshot judgements were individualised and negotiated depending on the practitioners' and patients' risk tolerance. Experiences of risk often identified a learning need or knowledge deficit, which provided opportunities to develop and advance ANP practice. Conclusions: Recognising the emotional toll of managing risk and providing the necessary preparation/training, as well as providing ongoing educational and emotional support of ANPs, will impact recruitment, retention and patient care.
Quality of life in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and at different time-points after surgery and factors associated with its improvement
Authors: Ionova T. I. , Chernikov R. A. , Sleptsov I. V. , Buzanakov D. M. , Efremov S. M. , Nikitina T. P. , Tyulyubaev I. S. , Zolotukho A. V. , Bubnov K. A. , Vinogradova A. A. , Skvortsov V. V. , Rusakov V. F. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: For a comprehensive assessment of the effect of surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) it sounds reasonable to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and symptoms in PHPT patients at long-term after parathyroidectomy (PTE). The purpose of this study was to study the quality of life of patients with PHPT before and at different times after PTE and to determine the factors associated with its improvement after surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS: During prospective observational study, patients filled out QoL questionnaires before, 3, 12, 24 months or more after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, χ2 criterion, the method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) and binary logistic regression. The differences were considered significant at the level of p<0.05.RESULTS: The study included 82 patients (mean age 53,7 years, 95% female) with symptomatic (73%) and asymptomatic (27%) PHPT. Median follow–up duration was 20 (3–31) months. At 3 months after PTE, there was a significant increase in QoL for all scales of the generic SF-36 questionnaire, except for the pain scale, compared with their preoperative values, followed by the preservation of positive changes at long term after surgery (GEE, p<0.05). At the long term after surgery, scores for all SF-36 scales, except for role physical functioning (p=0.011), became similar with the ones in comparison group adjusted to patients by gender and age (n=60, 52.5±9.2 years, 95% were women). An independent predictor of significant improvement in QoL after PTE was the preoperative level of the mental component according to the PHPQoL questionnaire (p=0.001) — the lower its level, the greater the probability of significant improvement in QoL according to the total PHPQoL index after surgery (OR=0.924, p=0.004).CONCLUSION. PTE is accompanied by significant improvement in QoL and regression of symptoms in patients with PHPT at long term follow-up after surgery. An independent predictor of significant QoL improvement after PTE is the preoperative level of the psychological component of QoL.
A new way for the differential diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of puberty in adolescent men aged 13.5–17 years
Authors: Skorodok Y. L. , Ioffe I. Y. , Plotnikova E. V. , Nagornaya I. I. , Zhelenina L. A. , Kozhevnikova A. V. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and constitutional delay of puberty (CDP) is extremely important since with the latter puberty begins and completes without any medical intervention and in the case of HH puberty does not occur or is incomplete. Failure to start treatment on time leads to medical and psychosocial maladjustment of the patient.AIM: Development of a method for differential diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of puberty in boys 13.5–17 years old by scoring the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and inhibin B.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group was formed by adolescent men 13.5–17 years old with delayed puberty including all observations. Anamnesis, stage of puberty, testicular volume were assessed; serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone (T) were determined by chemiluminescent analysis and inhibin B, AMH by ELISA. Stimulation tests were performed with triptorelin and human chorionic gonadotropin (3 days). Patients were followed up for 6–24 months.RESULTS: The study included adolescent men at the age of 13.5–17 years with delayed puberty: 56 for the purpose of development a method of differential diagnosis, 30 for its control (control group). We`ve created a method that allows differentiate HH and CDP. Through the ROC-analysis the most sensitive and specific HH markers were identified. The basal levels of LH, FSH, T, and inhibin B were selected as most available for outpatient testing. Based on the results of our own research and scientific data we selected ranges of values and rated LH, FSH, T and inhibin B depending on them (marks). Then we assigned the coefficients (k) for each hormone. Scores were calculated by multiplying the marks by k then summed and normalized to the maximum amount the patient could get. To increase the accuracy of diagnosis an age coefficient was introduced. The result of the calculation was the result of the scoring (S). S for CDP (10.65 [3.13–14.91]) differed significantly from that for HH (76.46 [57.79–83.74]) (p< 0.001). Diagnoses based on S (<21.16 and ≥55.07) in the control group were confirmed by follow up data in 97% cases. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of HH and CDP by using S has been developed.CONCLUSION: The result of scoring of LH, FSH, testosterone, inhibin B levels ≥55.07 makes it possible to diagnose hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, < 21.16 — constitutional delay of puberty with a high probability. In the case of score ≥21.16 but < 55.07, calculation of the inhibin B/AMH ratio and/or stimulation tests are required.
Immunological status in patients with amenorrhea (literature review)
Authors: Absatarova Y. S. , Evseeva Y. S. , Andreeva E. N. , Zuraeva Z. T. , Sheremetyeva E. V. , Grigoryan O. R. , Mikheev R. K. 
Published: January 2025

Amenorrhea is a common symptom of a whole range of nosologies among women of reproductive age, which can accompany any endocrinopathy in the stage of decompensation. In all the diversity of various links in the pathogenesis of reproductive disorders, the problem of immunopathology remains a little aside, however, the significance of these disorders is underestimated. This publication provides an overview of immune system abnormalities in a women with amenorrhea. As is known, in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), one of the clinical manifestations is amenorrhea. On the one hand, these nosologies differ significantly from each other in etiology, pathogenesis and approaches to therapy, and on the other hand, they have a common similarity, manifested by immunological disorders. The article provides information about the immune status of patients with PCOS and POI. Works devoted to various disorders in the immune system, pathologies of humoral and cellular immunity, which in the future may serve as the key to the development of new and non-standard methods of treating such socially significant diseases, are analyzed. Literature search was carried out in national (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases in Russian and English. The choice of sources was prioritized for the period from 2018 to 2024.
As armadilhas para a profissão docente quando professora é “tia”
Authors: Garnica Tamyris Proença Bonilha , Lima Luciana Aparecida de 
Published: January 2025

O presente trabalho visa compreender as representações sociais das professoras que atuam na educação infantil e no ensino fundamental sobre a profissão e as razões que as levam a se autointitular “tia” ou recusarem o uso do termo. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico em que foram selecionados livros, teses e artigos a partir de temas como: as representações sociais da docência, a identidade do professor, valorização docente, profissionalização do magistério, relações de gênero e docência. A pesquisa foi embasada, portanto, a partir de aportes teóricos desenvolvidos por autores da área, a exemplo de Freire (2007), Santos (2010), Rufino (2020), Saviani (2009), e Sousa e Magalhães (2021). Dentre os resultados obtidos, os estudos têm indicado que as representações sociais das professoras são formadas a partir do contexto histórico da profissão, dos grupos e contextos em que vivem, além de questões políticas e econômicas, fatores fundamentais para a formação dos indivíduos e a construção de identidades profissionais. Ao término deste trabalho, é esperado que a abordagem proposta provoque reflexões aos leitores sobre a importância da valorização da profissão docente, sobretudo considerando as questões de gênero e sobre como as professoras poderão se perceber como trabalhadoras que exercem uma função fundamental para o desenvolvimento da sociedade.