bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rigid‐plastic/rigid‐viscoplastic FE simulation using linear programming for metal forming
Authors: Xu Weili , Di Shenglin , Thomson Peter 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFor rigid‐plastic/rigid‐viscoplastic (RP/RVP) FE simulation in metal forming processes, the linear programming (LP) approach has many remarkable advantages, compared with a normal iterative solver. This approach is free from convergence problems and is convenient for dealing with contact surfaces, rigid zones, and friction forces. In this paper, a numerical model for axisymmetrical and plane‐strain analysis using RP/RVP and LP is proposed and applied to industrial metal forming. Numerical examples are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A vertex‐based finite volume method applied to non‐linear material problems in computational solid mechanics
Authors: Taylor G. A. , Bailey C. , Cross M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA vertex‐based finite volume (FV) method is presented for the computational solution of quasi‐static solid mechanics problems involving material non‐linearity and infinitesimal strains. The problems are analysed numerically with fully unstructured meshes that consist of a variety of two‐ and three‐dimensional element types. A detailed comparison between the vertex‐based FV and the standard Galerkin FE methods is provided with regard to discretization, solution accuracy and computational efficiency. For some problem classes a direct equivalence of the two methods is demonstrated, both theoretically and numerically. However, for other problems some interesting advantages and disadvantages of the FV formulation over the Galerkin FE method are highlighted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical integration scheme for special finite elements for the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Bettess Peter , Shirron Joseph , Laghrouche Omar , Peseux Bernard , Sugimoto Rie , Trevelyan Jon 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe theory for integrating the element matrices for rectangular, triangular and quadrilateral finite elements for the solution of the Helmholtz equation for very short waves is presented. A numerical integration scheme is developed. Samples of Maple and Fortran code for the evaluation of integration abscissæ and weights are made available. The results are compared with those obtained using large numbers of Gauss–Legendre integration points for a range of testing wave problems. The results demonstrate that the method gives correct results, which gives confidence in the procedures, and show that large savings in computation time can be achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity and optimization for shape and non‐linear boundary conditions in thermal boundary elements
Authors: Davey K. , Clark L. D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the minimization of functionals of the form ∫Γ(b) f(h,T(b, h)) dΓ(b) where variation of the vector b modifies the shape of the domain Ω on which the potential problem, ∇2T=0, is defined. The vector h is dependent on non‐linear boundary conditions that are defined on the boundary Γ. The method proposed is founded on the material derivative adjoint variable method traditionally used for shape optimization. Attention is restricted to problems where the shape of Γ is described by a boundary element mesh, where nodal co‐ordinates are used in the definition of b.Propositions are presented to show how design sensitivities for the modified functional ∫Γ(b) f(h,T (b, h)) dΓ(b) +∫Ω(b) λ(b, h) ∇2T(b, h) dΩ(b) can be derived more readily with knowledge of the form of the adjoint function λ determined via non‐shape variations. The methods developed in the paper are applied to a problem in pressure die casting, where the objective is the determination of cooling channel shapes for optimum cooling. The results of the method are shown to be highly convergent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of transformation methods for evaluating two‐dimensional weakly singular integrals
Authors: Johnston Barbara M. , Johnston Peter R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAccurate numerical evaluation of integrals arising in the boundary element method is fundamental to achieving useful results via this solution technique. In this paper, a number of techniques are considered to evaluate the weakly singular integrals which arise in the solution of Laplace's equation in three dimensions and Poisson's equation in two dimensions. Both are two‐dimensional weakly singular integrals and are evaluated using (in a product fashion) methods which have recently been used for evaluating one‐dimensional weakly singular integrals arising in the boundary element method.The methods used are based on various polynomial transformations of conventional Gaussian quadrature points where the transformation polynomial has zero Jacobian at the singular point. Methods which split the region of integration into sub‐regions are considered as well as non‐splitting methods. In particular, the newly introduced and highly accurate generalized composite subtraction of singularity and non‐linear transformation approach (GSSNT) is applied to various two‐dimensional weakly singular integrals.A study of the different methods reveals complex relationships between transformation orders, position of the singular point, integration kernel and basis function. It is concluded that the GSSNT method gives the best overall results for the two‐dimensional weakly singular integrals studied. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structured extended finite element methods for solids defined by implicit surfaces
Authors: Belytschko Ted , Parimi Chandu , Moës Nicolas , Sukumar N. , Usui Shuji 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA paradigm is developed for generating structured finite element models from solid models by means of implicit surface definitions. The implicit surfaces are defined by radial basis functions. Internal features, such as material interfaces, sliding interfaces and cracks are treated by enrichment techniques developed in the extended finite element method. Methods for integrating the weak form for such models are proposed. These methods simplify the generation of finite element models. Results presented for several examples show that the accuracy of this method is comparable to standard unstructured finite element methods. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering new peptidic inhibitors from a natural chymotrypsin inhibitor
Authors: Mucsi Zoltán , Perczel András , Orosz György 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThree model peptides of different sizes (17–24 amino acid residues), mimicking the chymotrypsin inhibitor SCGI (a peptide of 35 amino acid residues) isolated from Schistocerca gregaria were designed and prepared by convergent peptide synthesis. Selective formation of disulphide bridges in the closing step was achieved without selective protection of cysteine residues. The natural pattern of the two disulphide bridges was determined by 2D homonuclear 1H NMR techniques. All three model peptides were characterized by amino acid analysis, MS and CD spectra. Preliminary results revealed that the two smaller model peptides exhibit no inhibitory activity, whereas the larger one shows limited inhibition of chymotrypsin. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new peptidic protease inhibitor from Vicia faba seeds exhibits antifungal, HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase inhibiting and mitogenic activities
Authors: Ye X. Y. , Ng T. B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA new trypsin–chymotrypsin inhibitor, with an N‐terminal sequence showing some differences from the previously reported trypsin–chymotrypsin inhibitor, was isolated from the broad bean Vicia faba. The inhibitor was a peptide with a molecular mass of 13 kDa. It was adsorbed on Affi‐gel blue gel and CM‐Sepharose. It exerted antifungal activity toward Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola. In addition, the trypsin–chymotrypsin inhibitor elicited a mitogenic response from mouse splenocytes and inhibited the activity of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 reverse transcriptase. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Nα‐Boc‐Nε‐tetrabenzyl‐DTPA‐L‐lysine and Nα‐Fmoc‐Nε‐tetra‐t‐butyl‐DTPA‐L‐lysine, building blocks for solid phase synthesis of DTPA‐containing peptides
Authors: Davies John S. , Al‐Jamri Loai 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTwo building blocks, Boc‐Lys(Bn4‐DTPA)‐OH and Fmoc‐Lys($\hbox{Bu}^{\rm t}_{4}$‐DTPA)‐OH have been synthesized via the acylation of the ε‐amino group of Nα‐protected lysine, using suitably protected tetra‐esters of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), a ligand with wide application as a chelating agent for complexing metal ions to peptides. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron paramagnetic resonance backbone dynamics studies on spin‐labelled neuropeptide Y analogues
Authors: Bettio Andrea , Gutewort Volker , Pöppl Andreas , Dinger Michaela C. , Zschörnig Olaf , Arnold Klaus , Toniolo Claudio , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant peptides in the central nervous system of mammalians. NPY acts by binding to at least five G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which have been named Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6. Three spin‐labelled NPY analogues containing the nitroxide group of the amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl‐4‐amino‐4‐carboxylic acid) as a paramagnetic probe were synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Synthetic problems owing to the sensitivity of nitroxide towards acidic and reducing conditions have been overcome by using a cleavage cocktail that contains anisole and cresol scavengers. Concerning the receptor binding preferences, the analogues [TOAC34]‐pNPY and [Ala31,TOAC32]‐pNPY showed a marked selectivity for the Y5 receptor, while [TOAC2]‐pNPY maintained a significant binding also to the Y2 receptor subtype. The modifications of the native peptide structure caused by the introduction of TOAC were examined by circular dichroism. In order to determine the rotational correlation time of the spin probes, electron paramagnetic resonance measurements were performed in solution and in the presence of liposomes. This allowed us to evaluate the backbone dynamics of the different parts of the NPY molecule in the free and membrane bound states. The results of these studies showed that NPY interacts with liposomes by using the C‐terminal α‐helix while the N‐terminal tail retains a flexibility that is comparable to that of the peptide in solution as already shown by NMR studies on DPC micelles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TOAC‐labelling is a valuable tool to investigate changes in the backbone conformation and dynamics. This may be of major importance for peptides and small proteins when they bind to cell membranes. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rabbit anti‐HMG‐17 antibodies recognize similar epitopes on the HMG‐17 molecule as lupus autoantibodies. Relation with histone H1 defined epitopes
Authors: Boumba Vassiliki A. , Seferiadis Konstantin 
Published: December 2002

AbstractHMG‐17 is a nucleosomal protein which is an immune target of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Autoantibody production in SLE is believed to result from autoantigen specific immune stimulation and subsequently, it is expected that antigenic determinants recognized by SLE autoantibodies and induced antibodies by immunization are quite similar. To examine this issue, rabbits were immunized with purified HMG‐17. The produced antiserum showed cross reactivity on blots and in inhibition ELISA with histone H1, even after its affinity purification with immobilized HMG‐17. Finally, purification of the antiserum over H1 absorbed on nitrocellulose membrane produced specific anti‐HMG‐17 antibodies in the supernatant and anti‐HMG‐17/H1 antibodies that were bound to H1. SLE sera positive for HMG‐17 had also cross reactivity with H1, and following the same procedure as before we received HMG‐17 specific SLE autoantibodies and anti‐HMG‐17/H1 autoantibodies. Using the multipin epitope mapping technology, 19 overlapping 15‐mer HMG‐17 peptides and six 15‐peptides, corresponding to known epitopes of histone H1, were synthesized. Four major epitopes were identified on the HMG‐17 molecule, reactive with induced anti‐HMG‐17 antibodies, and these were the same as major autoepitopes in SLE. The sequence 25–51 of HMG‐17, part of its DNA‐binding domain, was recognized by the anti‐HMG‐17/H1 antibodies that were bound to H1. These antibodies recognized also defined epitopes of H1. Our results show that SLE autoantibodies can be directed against the same or similar epitopes as do IgGs evoked during the active immunization of animals, and provide additional evidence that autosensitization with an autoantigen might be operative. The possibility that the same or similar epitopes are found on different molecules (in this study HMG‐17 and H1) supports the fact that there are rules by which nature selects the most dominant immunodeterminant to a given protein, which often represents functional or structural sites in the autoantigen. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a paper reference system on the Web in XML
Authors: Takada Nobuhiko , Tamura Takeshi , Osawa Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAs a replacement for the lecture‐driven teaching of the past, we are aiming to establish an individually initiated, efficient independent study environment using a computer network. This paper focuses in particular on the collection of Web information needed by researchers, based on efficient paper retrieval and collection Web sites using XML. XML can handle data on the Web more flexibly than the present HTML, and research into its practical applications is progressing rapidly. In the artificial intelligence field, ontology engineering for authoring tools to be used in creating teaching materials is under way. In this context, because XML has been defined by the W3C, it is an accessible standard, and application examples have appeared. However, few of them focus on retrieval. We describe a “paper retrieval system” for efficient retrieval, constructed only in HTML on the basis of XML, RDF, and XHTML. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 21–28, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10014
Routing and flow control by genetic algorithm for a flow model
Authors: Okuhara Koji , Tanaka Toshijiro , Ishii Hiroaki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an application of the genetic algorithm to adaptive routing and flow control in information networks. Although studies using a genetic algorithm have been made on routing or flow control individually, this study proposes a method which controls them simultaneously. We chose a flow model which can evaluate congestion by the traffic arrival rate in a link. By simulation, we show that the proposed network control method using the genetic algorithm is superior to the usual method which performs routing by the Dijkstra method and flow control by the gradient method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 11–20, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10215
Pace‐the‐Scene Movie: A video‐based scene representation method for natural scenery
Authors: Kamei Katsuyuki , Seo Kazuo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes Pace‐the‐Scene Movie, which is a video‐based scene reproduction method for natural scenery. To reproduce natural scenery, it was a problem to express the motion within the scenery and the user's walk‐through operation at the same time. The new method solves this problem. Its features include (1) replaying the source movie in order to represent the natural motion in the scenery, (2) correcting frames whenever required to realize walk‐through, and (3) skipping sequences appropriately. Errors in the presented images were also investigated, and the conditions for skipping sequences were deduced from the results. Further, a guideline for using multiple video streams is proposed. This method easily realizes reproduction of natural scenery with motion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10338
Proposal of Dynamic Process Resolution Protocol making transparency of physical locations in closed communication group for intranet
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Ideguchi Tetsuo , Sasase Iwao 
Published: December 2002

AbstractOn an intranet, there is a need to form various kinds of closed communication groups that protect significant information in departmental and/or individual bases. To satisfy this need, encryption elements realizing closed communication groups require exact and complicated process information in which the processes of how to treat the received packets are specified. In general, this information is generated in a management server and downloaded to the encryption elements. However, by this method, the information must be regenerated and redownloaded to the encryption elements, every time the system configuration changes. In this paper, we propose the Dynamic Process Resolution Protocol, by which encryption elements generate the process information automatically from the logical definition of the closed communication groups for themselves, detecting the relationship of the locations among the encryption elements and the communication terminals. This method means that the function of generation of process information is split from the management server. This method imposes no work on the network manager when the system configuration changes if the logical definition does not change. Moreover, closed communication groups with free location are realized, that is, users who have the function of encryption elements can move anywhere in the intranet freely. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 29–44, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1182
Elevator group control system using multiagent system
Authors: Ogoshi Yasuhiro , Kimura Haruhiko , Hirose Sadaki , Osato Nobuyasu 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this study, the authors proposed an elevator group control system using multiagent system, and verified the efficiency of the system in areas characterized by concentration of large crowds of passengers on the main floor, for example, during morning rush‐hour traffic. Congestion on the main floor in heavy morning rush‐hour traffic areas was previously alleviated using specific traffic control systems providing so‐called morning rush‐hour operation by forced dispatching of multiple elevators to the main floor. However, since forced dispatching on the main floor affects areas other than the main floor and also the subsequent service on the main floor, it makes overall improvement of transportation efficiency a difficult task. There are published reports relating to morning rush‐hour operation, but these deal with centralized control based on overall monitoring and sending instruction commands. Thus, the problem is that if this control system stopped working, it caused overall malfunctioning. In addition, in a system based on overall monitoring and generating optimal control plan in accordance with the received information, it is not easy to generate design updates following a change in the system's design or environment. Therefore, in the current study the authors introduced a multiagent system with distributed processing, in which individual elevators make action decisions by independent learning process. The authors proposed an elevator group control system which uses simplified reasoning to provide for flexible response even in the case of a changed environment, such as when a part of the elevator group has stopped functioning. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 45–58, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1183
A polynomial time algorithm to infer sequential machines
Authors: Takahashi Katsuhiko , Fujiyoshi Akio , Kasai Takumi 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we will describe an algorithm which infers a Moore‐type sequential machine from examples of inputs and outputs of an unknown Moore‐type sequential machine. The hypothesis output by this inference algorithm is a nondeterministic Moore‐type sequential machine which does not conflict with the given examples of inputs and outputs; we will show that the update time of the hypothesis will become a polynomial time of the sum of the lengths of the examples of inputs and outputs. Moreover, we will show that this inference algorithm will identify the Moore‐type sequential machine in the limit by using the complete examples of inputs and outputs defined from the structures of the Moore‐type sequential machine. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 59–67, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1184
Acquisition of world images and self‐localization estimation using viewing image sequences
Authors: Madokoro Hirokazu , Sato Kazuhito , Ishii Masaki 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe propose a method for robotic self‐localization estimation that can process position information without identifying special landmarks. This method, which combines viewpoint shifts with visual information about the environment, makes it possible for a robot to move both autonomously and purposefully. In our procedures, the robot surveys the landscape of an environment from multiple directions, obtaining self‐localization from a viewing image sequence. The robot is made aware of changes in the landscape via self‐organizing maps (SOM), which generate “concept patterns”. By making the SOM hierarchical, these concept patterns can be consolidated. This allows the robot to move both autonomously and purposefully in the environment toward a position by using previously collected information. By performing a travel experiment with the robot in an indoor environment, in which characteristic concept patterns recording topologies had been previously generated at various positions during a learning period, we confirmed that a correct self‐localization estimate can be generated from landscape changes detected via viewpoint shifts. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 68–78, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1185
Digital color imaging with color constancy
Authors: Takebe Keisuke , Ito Naoki , Nakauchi Shigeki , Usui Shiro 
Published: December 2002

Abstract“Color constancy” which gives almost constant color perception of an object under illumination of various colors, is an important characteristic in identifying objects by our color vision. This paper proposes an algorithm to add color constancy to a digital camera, which reconstructs an image under arbitrary light conditions by using a pair of images (one with no additional light source, and the other with an additional light source) and estimating the color of the light source used. The results of images using a flash as an additional light source are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(1): 79–88, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002S/scj.1186