bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liming leads to changes in the physical properties of acidified forest soils
Authors: Hartmann Peter , Jansone Lelde , Mahlau Lucas , Maier Martin , Lang Verena , Puhlmann Heike 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundForest liming is a common practice in many German forests, which aims primarily at improving soil chemical properties that have been negatively impacted by acid rain. Effects on physical functions have not yet been studied widely.AimsThe hypothesis of this study is that chemical changes after liming lead to changes in the physical properties of the humus layer and mineral soil.MethodsWe studied soil physical characteristics (water retention characteristics, air and water permeabilities, and conductivities) of limed and adjacent control plots of sandy to loamy, acidified soils under spruce and beech‐dominated stands.ResultsWe found differences between limed and control plots, especially in the humus layer and mineral top soil. Here, air capacity values (representing air‐filled macropores at −6 kPa) have experienced an increase, while available water capacities (representing the sum of dewatered mesopores between −6 and −1500 kPa) were reduced to a variable extent. These changes in pore size distributions affected gas diffusion as well as gas permeability positively. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was not affected. Below the top mineral soil, a tendency to a reduced macroporosity and gas permeability was observed, but no clear changes were detected.ConclusionsSmall but significant changes of soil physical properties and functions in the humus layer and top mineral soil are discussed to be an indirect effect of forest liming. Liming improves pH and nutrient availability, which in turn should have stimulated activity and abundance of soil fauna, especially earthworms. Where observed, their activity could explain the observed changes in soil physical properties. We believe that effects below the top soil might be due to mobilization and translocation of soil particles and a clogging of pores, but these depths were only studied at three plots. Compared to common liming practices, however, the investigated sites are characterized by significantly higher lime applications. The effects on practice liming areas in forestry praxis are therefore likely to be smaller than in this study.
Exploring the mechanisms of diverging mechanical and water stability in macro‐ and microaggregates
Authors: Roosch Svenja , Felde Vincent J. M. N. L. , Uteau Daniel , Peth Stephan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSoil stability is often evaluated using either mechanical or hydraulic stress. The few studies that use both approaches suggest that these two types of stability behave differently.AimsOur aim was to explore the mechanisms of aggregate stability regarding mechanical and water stability at the macro‐ and microscale, among other things, the effect of differing pore structure and soil organic matter content.MethodsSamples were taken from two adjacent plots that were expected to differ in stability due to land use, that is, cropped versus bare fallow (BF). The stability of dry‐separated macroaggregates (8–16 mm) and microaggregates (53–250 µm) was determined via wet sieving and unconfined uniaxial compression tests. To explore the mechanisms of stability, 3D pore characteristics were analyzed with microtomography scans. Furthermore, the contents of carbon and exchangeable polyvalent cations as well as contact angles were determined.ResultsWater stability of macroaggregates was much higher in the cropped plot (geometric mean diameter 0.65–2.37 mm [cropped] vs. 0.31–0.56 mm [BF]), while mechanical stability was very similar (median work 17.3 [cropped] and 17.5 N mm [BF]). The two size fractions behaved similarly regarding both types of stability, with more pronounced differences in macroaggregates. Several soil characteristics, like carbon, exchangeable calcium, and higher connectivity of pores to the aggregate exterior, contributed to water stability. Regarding mechanical stability, the destabilizing effect of lower carbon content and exchangeable calcium in the BF plot was counterbalanced by a lower porosity.ConclusionsMechanical and water stability behaved differently in the two plots due to the different deformation mechanisms.
Long term co‐application of biochar and fertilizer could increase soybean yield under continuous cropping: insights from photosynthetic physiology
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Yuxue , Gu Wenqi , Feng Zhibo , Xiu Liqun , Zhang Weiming , Chen Wenfu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotosynthesis is the key to crop yield. The effect of biochar on photosynthetic physiology and soybean yield under continuous cropping is unclear. We conducted a long‐term field experiment to investigate the effects of co‐application of biochar and fertilizer (BCAF) on these parameters. Five treatments were established: F2 (fertilizer), B1F1 (3 t hm−2 biochar plus fertilizer), B1F2 (3 t hm−2 biochar plus reduced fertilizer), B2F1 (6 t hm−2 biochar plus fertilizer), and B2F2 (6 t hm−2 biochar plus reduced fertilizer).RESULTSBCAF increased chlorophyll and leaf area, enhancing soybean photosynthesis. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE) and intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (Ci) were enhanced by BCAF. In addition, BCAF improved soybean photosystem II (PSII) photosynthetic performance, driving force, potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/F0), and quantum yield of electron transfer (φE0). Furthermore, BCAF enhanced the accumulation of photosynthetic products, such as soluble proteins, soluble sugars and sucrose content, resulting in higher leaf dry weight. Consequently, BCAF increased the soybean yield, with the highest increase of 41.54% in B2F1. The correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between soybean yield and chlorophyll, leaf area, maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), electron transport flux per cross‐section at t = 0 (ET0/CS0), trapped energy flux per cross‐section at t = 0 (TR0/CS0), composite blade driving force (DFTotal), and leaf dry weight.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrated that long‐term BCAF enhances soybean photosynthesis under continuous planting, reduces fertilizer use and increases yield. This study reveals a novel way and theory to sustainably increase soybean productivity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Survival and cause‐specific mortality of male wild turkeys across the southeastern United States
Authors: Wightman Patrick H. , Ulrey Erin E. , Bakner Nicholas W. , Cantrell Jay R. , Ruth Charles R. , Rushton Emily , Cedotal Cody A. , Kilgo John C. , Moscicki David J. , Pacifici Krishna , Moorman Christopher E. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEstimating survival and cause‐specific mortality of male eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) is important for understanding population dynamics and implementing appropriate harvest management. To better understand age‐specific estimates of annual survival and harvest rates, we captured and marked male wild turkeys with leg bands (n = 311) or bands and transmitters (n = 549) in Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina, USA, during 2014–2022. We fitted time to event models to data from radio‐marked birds to estimate cause‐specific mortality and annual survival. We used band recovery models incorporating both band recovery and telemetry data to further investigate harvest rates and survival. Annual survival from known‐fate models in hunted populations was 0.54 (95% CI = 0.49–0.59) for adults and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.81–0.92) for juveniles. Cause‐specific mortality analysis produced an annual harvest estimate of 0.29 (95% CI = 0.24–0.33) for adults and 0.02 (95% CI = 0.01–0.03) for juveniles, whereas predation was 0.15 (95% CI = 0.10–0.20) and 0.12 (95% CI = 0.08–0.17), respectively. Annual survival for adult males in a non‐hunted population was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.72–0.97). Survival rate was negatively correlated with harvest rate, indicating harvest was an additive mortality source. Annual survival from band recovery models was 0.40 (95% CI = 0.37–0.44) for adults and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.81– 0.93) for juveniles, whereas annual harvest estimates were 0.24 (95% CI = 0.23–0.25) for adults and 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03–0.05) for juveniles. Both models suggested no differences in annual survival across years or among study areas, which included privately owned and public properties. Harvest was an additive mortality source for male wild turkeys, suggesting that managers interested in increasing annual survival of adult males could consider ways of reducing harvest rates.
Comparative study of the high‐temperature auto‐ignition of cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Do Hong‐Quan , Lefort Benoîte , Serinyel Zeynep , LeMoyne Luis , Dayma Guillaume 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCyclopentane (C5H10) and tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O) are both five‐membered ring compounds. The present study compares the auto‐ignition of cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran in a high‐pressure shock‐tube (20 atm). Twelve different mixtures were investigated at two different fuel initial mole fractions (1% and 2%): at Xfuel = 1%, three equivalence ratios, kept constant between cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran, were studied (0.5, 1, and 2), whereas three Xfuel/XO2 were investigated when Xfuel = 2%. A detailed kinetic mechanism was developed to reproduce cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran auto‐ignition. The agreement between our experimental results and the modeling is very good. This mechanism was used to explain the similarities and differences observed between cyclopentane and tetrahydrofuran auto‐ignition.
Cr3+↔Fe3+ Energy Transfer Offset Enabling Anti‐Thermal Quenching Near‐Infrared Emission for Coded Wireless‐Communication Applications
Authors: He Fanquan , Song Enhai , Zhang Chuang , Chang Hui , Dong Guoping , Xia Zhiguo , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission phosphors are crucial for the construction of next‐generation smart lighting sources; however, the thermal quenching (TQ) issue poses a significant challenge to their applications. In this study, anti‐TQ NIR emission is demonstrated in hexafluoride phosphors, using a facile Cr3+/Fe3+ co‐doping strategy. Owing to the controlled forward resonance energy transfer (ET) from Cr3+ to Fe3+ and one‐phonon‐assisted back ET from Fe3+ to Cr3+, the thermally enhanced broadband NIR luminescence is realised in series of fluoride such as Na3FeF6:Cr3+, Na3GaF6:Cr3+, Fe3+, K2NaScF6:Cr3+, Fe3+, etc. By varying the chemical composition of the phosphor, the anti‐TQ emission is achieved even upon raising the temperature to ≈423 K. The anti‐TQ luminescence mechanism is investigated, and the ET offset effect on luminescence TQ is demonstrated. More importantly, by combining these phosphors with blue InGaN chip, anti‐/zero‐TQ NIR light emitting diodes with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency even up to 19.13%@20 mA are further fabricated to realize the emerging coded optical wireless‐communication applications. These findings can initiate the exploration of NIR phosphors with anti‐TQ luminescence properties for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Optimization of Fiber Laydown During the Fiber Spinning Process by Utilizing the Coanda‐Effect
Authors: Bier Alexander M. , Büchler Julian , Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe laydown of aerodynamically stretched fibers during fiber spinning is a key feature of the non‐woven quality. The desired properties of the produced non‐woven are mostly determined by the mechanical properties of the single fiber and the homogeneity of the spunbond. While the former is studied widely, the homogeneity is mostly studied by simulations and not experimentally. Cloudiness or formation of non‐wovens is a known phenomenon that describes deviations from the ideal laydown. Thin areas have a huge impact on the mechanical properties of the spunbond; And subsequently, the investigation of the fiber laydown is of great interest. This work presents an experimental approach to optimize the fiber laydown of a pilot plant fiber spinning device consisting of two aerodynamic stretching devices (aspirators) that stretch eight single fibers each. Due to fiber accumulation on the lay‐down belt under each of the aspirators, a metal rod is placed in‐between to deflect the fibers into the center utilizing the Coanda‐effect to achieve a broad homogeneous fiber distribution.
Compact convex sets free of inner points in infinite‐dimensional topological vector spaces
Authors: Campos‐Jiménez Almudena , García‐Pacheco Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn inner point of a non‐singleton convex set is a point satisfying that for all there exists such that . We prove the existence of convex compact subsets free of inner points in the infinite‐dimensional setting. Following our pathway to this result, we come up with other several geometric hits, such as the existence of a non‐convex subset that coincides with its starlike envelope.
Sequence‐discrete species for prokaryotes and other microbes: A historical perspective and pending issues
Authors: Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhether prokaryotes, and other microorganisms, form distinct clusters that can be recognized as species remains an issue of paramount theoretical as well as practical consequence in identifying, regulating, and communicating about these organisms. In the past decade, comparisons of thousands of genomes of isolates and hundreds of metagenomes have shown that prokaryotic diversity may be predominantly organized in such sequence‐discrete clusters, albeit organisms of intermediate relatedness between the identified clusters are also frequently found. Accumulating evidence suggests, however, that the latter “intermediate” organisms show enough ecological and/or functional distinctiveness to be considered different species. Notably, the area of discontinuity between clusters often—but not always—appears to be around 85%–95% genome‐average nucleotide identity, consistently among different taxa. More recent studies have revealed remarkably similar diversity patterns for viruses and microbial eukaryotes as well. This high consistency across taxa implies a specific mechanistic process that underlies the maintenance of the clusters. The underlying mechanism may be a substantial reduction in the efficiency of homologous recombination, which mediates (successful) horizontal gene transfer, around 95% nucleotide identity. Deviations from the 95% threshold (e.g., species showing lower intraspecies diversity) may be caused by ecological differentiation that imposes barriers to otherwise frequent gene transfer. While this hypothesis that clusters are driven by ecological differentiation coupled to recombination frequency (i.e., higher recombination within vs. between groups) is appealing, the supporting evidence remains anecdotal. The data needed to rigorously test the hypothesis toward advancing the species concept are also outlined.
Effect of Fiber‐Rich Diet and Rope Skipping on Memory, Executive Function, and Gut Microbiota in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhu Lewei , Ming Yingan , Wu Miao , Zhang Xin , Wang Xiaotong , Li Hailin , Lin Zongyu , Gao Fei , Zhu Yanna 
Published: December 2023

ScopeTo investigate the effects of fiber‐rich diets (FDs), rope skipping (RS), and the combination of these two interventions (fiber‐rich diet with rope skipping [FD‐RS]) on memory, executive function in young adults, and to explore their relationship with gut microbiota.Materials and resultsThe study is a 12‐week parallel‐design randomized controlled trial in which 120 undergraduates (19 ± 1 years) are randomized to FD (fiber ≥ 20 g day−1), RS (3 × 2000 times per week), FD‐RS or control group (n = 30 per group). Memory and executive function are assessed by scales, and stool samples are collected at baseline and after the intervention. FD group and FD‐RS group show fewer prospective and retrospective subjective memory impairments than the control group, but there is no significant difference between FD‐RS and the intervention alone (FD or RS). No obvious change in executive function is observed throughout the trial. In terms of the gut microbiota, the α‐diversity does not increase, but the microbial community evenness improves after the RS and FD intervention. Additionally, the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group in the RS group and NK4A214_group in the FD group significantly increase. In the RS group, a correlation is found between the increase in microbial evenness and the improvement in retrospective memory.ConclusionThe FD and FD‐RS have beneficial effects on memory in young adults. Meanwhile, FD and RS can improve the microbial evenness and increase several beneficial genera of phylum Firmicutes.
Facilitating diffusion tensor imaging of the brain during continuous gross head motion with first and second order motion compensating diffusion gradients
Authors: Kara Danielle , Koenig Katherine , Lowe Mark , Nguyen Christopher T. , Sakaie Ken 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of motion compensating diffusion gradient schemes in the acquisition of quality diffusion tensor images (DTI) of the brain during continuous gross head motion.MethodsFive healthy subjects were scanned using a clinical 3 T MRI with and without continuous head motion. For one volunteer, DTI data was acquired using standard (M0) diffusion‐weighted (DW) gradients, and first (M1) and second (M2) order gradient schemes that were previously developed for use in cardiac DTI. In four additional volunteers, DTI data was acquired with M0 and M2 gradients. DTI parameters were calculated and compared with established retrospective motion corrections.ResultsIn the absence of motion, DTI parameters calculated from M0, M1, and M2 data were consistent. In the presence of motion, up to 44% of DW images acquired with M0 gradients were corrupted by signal dropout, compared to 0% of the M2 images. In voxelwise comparisons, DTI parameters calculated using motion‐M0 data were elevated compared to reference data. Retrospective corrections for extreme motion applied to motion‐M0 data did not improve consistency with reference data in cases where motion corrupted >15% of DW images. In contrast, DTI parameters calculated with motion‐M2 data were consistent with reference data.ConclusionThis proof‐of‐principle study demonstrates that motion compensating diffusion gradients can mitigate artifacts because of continuous motion in DTI of the brain and offers promise for improved DTI accessibility. Further study will be necessary to determine the robustness of the approach in patient populations with high susceptibility to head motion.
Development of frontal boundaries during the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones
Authors: Jones Evan , Parfitt Rhys , Wing Allison A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to characterize the development of atmospheric fronts during the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TCs) as a function of their evolution during ET. Composite histograms indicate that the magnitude of the lower atmospheric frontogenesis and average sea‐surface temperature is different based on the nature of the TC's structural change during ET. We find that the development of cold and warm fronts evolves as expected from conceptual models of extratropical cyclones. Composites of these fronts relative to the completion of ET show that azimuth, storm motion, and deep‐layer shear all appear to have equal influence on the frontal positions. TCs that have more fronts at the time of ET onset complete ET more quickly, suggesting that pre‐existing fronts before ET begins may contribute to a shorter ET duration. The orientations of fronts at ET completion in the North Atlantic and west Pacific align with the climatological distributions of the sea‐surface temperatures associated with the western boundary currents in each of those basins. These results provide a perspective on the locations of frontal development within TCs undergoing ET.
Inference for dependent complementary competing risks model from an inverted Kumaraswamy distribution under ranked set sampling
Authors: Wang Liang , Lio Yuhlong , Tripathi Yogesh Mani , Dey Sanku 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRanked set sampling (RSS) has been proved to be an efficient sampling design for parametric and nonparametric inference. This paper explores inference for a maximum RSS procedure with unequal samples (MRSSU) with multiple dependent failure causes. When the lifetimes of units are characterized by a proposed complementary competing risks model, classical likelihood and Bayesian approaches are discussed for parameters and reliability estimation. Maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters and associated existence and uniqueness are established, and approximate confidence intervals are constructed using asymptotic theory and delta methods. With respect to general flexible priors, Bayesian estimates of interested quantities are also performed and a Monte Carlo sampling algorithm is proposed for complex posterior computation. Additionally, when extra historical information between the competing risks parameters is available, likelihood and Bayesian estimation are also studied under an order restriction case. Different methods are compared based on extensive simulation studies, and another real data example is demonstrated for application propose.
Role of the VEGF in virus‐associated cancers
Authors: Tavakolian Shaian , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Namazi Abolfazl , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Akbari Abolfazl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe role of numerous risk factors, including consumption of alcohol, smoking, having diet high in fat and sugar and many other items, on caner progression cannot be denied. Viral diseases are one these factors, and they can initiate some signalling pathways causing cancer. For example, they can be effective on providing oxygen and nutrients by inducing VEGF expression. In this review article, we summarised the mechanisms of angiogenesis and VEGF expression in cancerous tissues which are infected with oncoviruses (Epstein‐Barr virus, Human papillomavirus infection, Human T‐lymphotropic virus, Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus).