bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the mechanism of action of Sparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma for in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer: a network-based pharmacology and experimental validation study
Authors: Wu Litong , Chen Haijun , Long Yan , Qiu Junfeng , Dai Xinjun , You Xujun , Li Tiantian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSparganii Rhizoma-Curcumae Rhizoma (SR-CR) is a classic drug pair for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its mechanism has not been clarified. The study aims to elucidate the potential mechanism of SR-CR in the management of CRPC. The present study employed the TCMSP as well as the SwissTargetPrediction platform to retrieve the chemical composition and targets of SR-CR. The therapeutic targets of CRPC were identified through screening the GeneCards, Disgenet, and OMIM databases. Subsequently, the Venny online platform was utilized to identify the shared targets between the SR-CR and CRPC. The shared targets were enrichment analysis using the Bioconductor and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. The active ingredients and core targets were verified through molecular docking and were validated using PC3 cells in the experimental validation phase. A total of 7 active ingredients and 1126 disease targets were screened from SR-CR, leading to a total of 59 shared targets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis resulted in 1309 GO entries. KEGG pathways analysis yielded 121 pathways, primarily involving cancer-related signaling pathways. The results from molecular docking revealed stable binding interactions between the core ingredients and the core targets. In vitro cellular assays further demonstrated that SR-CR effectively suppressed the activation of the Prostate cancer signaling pathway in PC3 cells, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. The SR-CR exert therapeutic effects on CRPC by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis through the Prostate cancer signaling pathway.
Climatological Madden-Julian Oscillation during boreal spring leads to abrupt Australian monsoon retreat and Asian monsoon onsets
Authors: Wang Bin , Dai Lun , Cheng Tat Fan , Lee Sun-Seon , Wang Tianyi , Jin Chunhan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAbrupt monsoon onsets/retreats are indispensable targets for climate prediction and future projection, but the origins of their abruptness remain elusive. This study establishes the existence of three climatological Madden-Julian Oscillation (CMJO) episodes contributing to the rapid Australian summer monsoon retreat in mid-March, the South China Sea (or East Asian) summer monsoon onset in mid-May, and the Indian summer monsoon onset in early June. The CMJO displays a dynamically coherent convection-circulation structure resembling its transitionary counterpart, demonstrating its robustness as a convectively coupled circulation system and the tendency of the transient MJOs’ phase-lock to the annual cycle. The CMJO is inactive during the boreal winter due to destructive year-to-year modulations of El Niño-Southern Oscillation. We hypothesize that the interaction between atmospheric internal variability (MJO) and the insolation-forced slow annual cycle generates the sudden monsoon withdrawal/onset during the boreal spring. Understanding the factors determining the timing and location of the MJO’s phase-locking and its variability is vital for monsoon forecasting and climate projection.
The human middle ear in motion: 3D visualization and quantification using dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray imaging
Authors: Schmeltz Margaux , Ivanovic Aleksandra , Schlepütz Christian M. , Wimmer Wilhelm , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Caversaccio Marco , Stampanoni Marco , Anschuetz Lukas , Bonnin Anne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe characterization of the vibrations of the middle ear ossicles during sound transmission is a focal point in clinical research. However, the small size of the structures, their micrometer-scale movement, and the deep-seated position of the middle ear within the temporal bone make these types of measurements extremely challenging. In this work, dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray phase-contrast microtomography is used on acoustically stimulated intact human ears, allowing for the three-dimensional visualization of entire human eardrums and ossicular chains in motion. A post-gating algorithm is used to temporally resolve the fast micromotions at 128 Hz, coupled with a high-throughput pipeline to process the large tomographic datasets. Seven ex-vivo fresh-frozen human temporal bones in healthy conditions are studied, and the rigid body motions of the ossicles are quantitatively delineated. Clinically relevant regions of the ossicular chain are tracked in 3D, and the amplitudes of their displacement are computed for two acoustic stimuli.
Wireless control of nerve growth using bipolar electrodes: a new paradigm in electrostimulation
Authors: Rajnicek Ann M. , Casañ-Pastor Nieves 
Published: February 2024

Wired electrodes for nervous system stimulation have inherent limitations. Electrostimulation using unwired bipolar electrodes offers a new paradigm to drive growth and repair of nervous tissue. It also opens a wide field for innovation of electrode materials and protocols.
OF2 # mit sekundärer Sinterung – konservative Therapie
Authors: Schnake Klaus John 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungThorakolumbale OF 2 Frakturen betreffen eine Wirbelendplatte ohne oder mit nur geringer Beteiligung der Hinterkante. Sie können erfolgreich konservativ oder operativ behandelt werden. Als Hilfestellung zur Therapieentscheidung kann der OF-Score herangezogen werden. Eine Nachsinterung ist nicht unüblich und betrifft vor allem Patienten mit einem T-Score von <–3. Sie stellt jedoch ohne eine gleichzeitig auftretende klinische Verschlechterung keine Indikation zum operativen Vorgehen dar.
Evidenzen in der konservativen Wirbelsäulentherapie
Authors: Wiechert Karsten 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungKonservative Therapiemaßnahmen stellen die bevorzugte Behandlungsform für die überwiegende Zahl von Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen dar. Diese Übersichtarbeit fasst die Evidenzen unterschiedlicher Behandlungen von Rückenschmerzen zusammen. Berücksichtigung finden Nationale und internationale Leitlinien sowie Metanalysen zu den einzelnen Verfahren. Untersuchte Behandlungskategorien sind Medikamentöse Behandlungen, Physiotherapie und Trainingstherapie, physikalische Maßnahmen und Rehabilitation, Korsettbehandlungen, Infiltrationsbehandlungen, psychologische Interventionen sowie verschiedene Eigenübungsprogramme.Die Evidenz bei der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Therapieformen ist gering bis moderat mit einzelnen Ausnahmen. Das Forschungspotenzial bei nichtoperativen Behandlungskonzepten ist groß.
Osteoporotische Wirbelkörperfrakturen im Alter – Neue Entwicklungen
Authors: Roigk Patrick , Abel Bastian , Rapp Kilian , Becker Clemens 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung der Wirbelkörperfrakturen, die zu einer Krankenhauseinweisung führen nimmt zu. Dieser Anstieg ist nicht nur demographisch bedingt. Die Fallzahlen der LWK-, BWK- und HWK Frakturen sind altersadjustiert in den letzten 15 Jahren um weit mehr als 100% angestiegen. Ein ähnlicher Anstieg wird auch für die Beckenfrakturen beobachtet. Im gleichen Zeitraum war die Zahl der Hüftfrakturen altersadjustiert leicht rückläufig. Hierfür gibt es bislang keine schlüssige/n Erklärungen. Die Epidemiologie deutet jedoch daraufhin, dass Osteoporose keine alleinige Erklärung hierfür bietet. Die häufigste Lokalisation der Frakturen ist die LWS gefolgt von der BWS und HWS. Die Zahl der LWS-Frakturen entspricht in etwa den Beckenfrakturen. Die beste Erklärung für diesen Trend bieten video- und sensorbasierte Daten, die zeigen, dass ältere und vor allem hochaltrige Patienten versuchen beim Sturz mit dem Gesäß aufzuprallen und dann häufig einen zweiten und dritten Aufprall im Bereich der Wirbelsäule haben. Der Hauptgrund ist vermutlich die lebenslange Erfahrung, dass die Muskulatur und die Weichteile der Beckenregion, den besten Schockabsorber bieten und im höheren Alter Abwehrreaktionen der Arme meist nicht mehr erfolgreich sind. Die Entwicklungen zeigen, dass die alterstraumatologische Versorgung nicht nur der Hüftfrakturen wichtig sind, sondern die Organisation der Versorgung der Wirbelkörperfrakturen eine hohe Priorität hat.
Salvage Reconstruction of Composite Defects of the Anterior Mandible, Floor of Mouth, and Lip
Authors: Khalid Farrukh A. , Ahmed Omar A. , Khurshid Almeotan P. , Mujahid Abdul M. , Ahmad Junaid , Saleem Muhammad , Yousaf Muhammad A. , Tarar Moazzam N. , Shahzad Farooq 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnterior mandible defects result in loss of support for the tongue, floor of the mouth and lower lip, resulting in impairment of airway, feeding, and speech. We treated four patients with these “Andy Gump” deformities. Reconstruction was performed with two free flaps: a fibula osteocutaneous flap for the anterior mandible and floor of the mouth, and a soft tissue free flap for the lip, chin, and anterior neck. The lower lip was suspended cranially with fascia or tendon grafts ± mini-temporalis turndown flaps. All flaps survived completely. All patients were tube feed-dependent before surgery; they all resumed an oral diet. All tracheostomies were decannulated. Lip competence was restored as evidenced by cessation of drooling. Speech improved from unintelligible to intelligible with frequent repetitions. Objective assessment was performed with the functional intraoral Glasgow scale; the mean FIGS score improved from 3.25 (range 3–4) to 11 (range 9–13). We conclude that composite anterior mandible and tongue defects have large tissue requirements that require multiple free flaps. Reconstruction leads to significant improvement in function.
Improvement of Shoulder Motion in Two-Stage Dual-Plane Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction followed by Radiation Therapy through Delayed Prepectoral Conversion
Authors: Park Jin Sol , Jin Ung Sik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Although prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction has recently gained popularity, dual-plane reconstruction is still a better option for patients with poor-quality mastectomy skin flaps. However, shoulder morbidity is aggravated by subpectoral reconstruction, especially in irradiated patients. This study aimed to demonstrate shoulder exercise improvement in subpectoral reconstruction by delayed prepectoral conversion with an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) inlay graft technique at the time of expander-to-implant exchange after irradiation.
Methods Patients with breast cancer treated for expander-to-implant exchange after subpectoral expander insertion and subsequent radiotherapy between January 2021 and June 2022 were enrolled. An ADM inlay graft was inserted between the pectoralis major muscle and the previously inserted ADM. The ADM was sutured partially overlapping the pectoralis muscle from the medial side with the transition part, to the muscle border at the lateral side. Perioperative shoulder joint active range-of-motion (ROM) for forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation was also evaluated.
Results A total of 35 patients were enrolled in the study. Active shoulder ROM significantly improved from 163 degrees preoperatively to 176 degrees postoperatively in forward flexion, 153 to 175 degrees in abduction, and 69 to 84 degrees in external rotation. There was no difference in patient satisfaction regarding the final outcome between the conventional prepectoral reconstruction group and the study group.
Conclusion Shoulder exercises in irradiated patients who underwent subpectoral reconstruction were improved by delayed prepectoral conversion using an ADM inlay graft. It is recommended that subpectoral reconstruction not be ruled out due to concerns regarding muscle contracture and shoulder morbidity in radiation-planned patients with poor mastectomy skin flaps.
Utility of BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infections
Authors: Gupta Rama , Gupta Veenu , Sood Ajit , Singh Arshdeep , Chaudhary Jyoti , Gupta Menal , Aggarwal Manisha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Conventional diagnostic methods like culture and microscopy are time-consuming and have low diagnostic yield for gastrointestinal infections. New rapid molecular methods such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have recently been introduced for etiological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the FilmArray gastrointestinal panel (GIP) in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study performed in the microbiology department of a tertiary care hospital. Stool samples were received and processed according to the manufacturer's instructions by FilmArray GIP. Stool culture and routine microscopy were also performed.
Results The mean age of the 32 patients was 46 ± 24.2 years and with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Out of 32 stool samples received for testing by BioFire GIP, 23 samples (71.9%) were found to be positive for one or the other target. A total of 41 targets were detected from 23 positive patients, with predominant bacterial etiology (65.9%) followed by parasitic (31.7%) and viral (4.9%). Giardia lamblia was the most common (26.8%) target detected in all age groups. Additionally, in 56.5% of patients, more than one target was detected. The stool culture was positive in 2 of the 16 patients (12.5%).
Conclusion The FilmArray GIP showed very good diagnostic performance compared with culture for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections. Further studies are needed to determine whether multiplex PCR improves patient outcomes and reduces costs.
Effect of Al-Sr-Y intermediate alloy on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy
Authors: Huang Zhongyue , Li Jing , Yuan Changwen , Wang Qihang , Yan Feng , Zu Fangqiu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this experiment, an intermediate alloy (Al-3Sr-8Y) that can refine and modify A356 alloy simultaneously was developed, and the synergistic effect of Sr and Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy was investigated. The results show that when the content of Al-3Sr-8Y intermediate alloy reaches 0.3 wt%, the morphology of α-Al dendrites is significantly refined and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) was significantly reduced. Moreover, the morphology of eutectic Si transforms from acicular to small fibrous, and the average area and aspect ratio of eutectic Si decrease to 0.81 μm2, and 2.01. This change is caused by the twin plane re-entrant edge (TPRE) poisoning mechanism, where the addition of Al-3Sr-8Y can poison the intrinsic growth position of the Si phase, reduce the growth rate of the Si phase, promote isotropic growth, and achieve a highly branched morphology of the Si phase to form a fibrous structure. Due to the excellent synergistic effect of Sr and Y, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reached the maximum values of 303.5 MPa and 9.5% when 0.3 wt% Al-3Sr-8Y was added after heat treatment, which is an increase of 18.2% and 86.3% compared with the untreated A356 alloy, respectively.
495 - Lebrikizumab reduces systemic inflammation in serum of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Guttman-Yassky Emma , Okragly Angela , Sun Zhe , Mena Laura Rebeca , Hahn Nathan , Nickoloff Brian J , Siu Kimberly , Gallo Gaia , Wolf Eric , Eyerich Kilian , Aparici Monica , Benschop Robert J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lebrikizumab is an interleukin (IL)-13 inhibitor that has completed phase 3 studies. It demonstrated statistical superiority vs. placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) across all primary and key secondary endpoints at week 4 and week 16 of ADvocate1 (NCT04146363) and ADvocate2 (NCT04178967).

Objectives
The objective of this analysis is to determine lebrikizumab’s impact on AD-relevant serum biomarkers in patients from these studies through week 16.

Methods
Protein biomarkers were determined in available serum samples from patients receiving lebrikizumab 250 mg every 2 weeks (n=72) or placebo (n=36) from both ADvocate1 and ADvocate2. Pre- and post-treatment biomarkers were compared to healthy controls (HC, n=30) which were age, sex, race, and ethnically matched. The analysis included biomarkers known to be elevated in AD. IL-13 was only measured at baseline because of lebrikizumab’s known interference with IL-13 measurement.

Results
At baseline, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, total IgE, IL-5, IL-13, and periostin were elevated in patients with AD (p&lt;0.001) with IL-13 measuring approximately 7-fold greater in the AD population vs. HC. In patients with AD, IL-4, CCL11, CXCL10, CCL2, and CCL4 were not elevated at baseline vs. HC.
At week 4, lebrikizumab significantly reduced levels of the key type 2 biomarkers, CCL13, CCL17, and periostin vs. placebo (p&lt;0.01) with a trend toward levels consistent with HC (within 1.5-fold). At week 16, CCL13, CCL17, and periostin levels remained consistent with HC levels with CCL13 and periostin retaining statistically significant reductions vs. placebo (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
In sum, selective targeting of IL-13 with lebrikizumab monotherapy reduced known molecular biomarkers of systemic type 2 inflammation in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
518 - Interaction of sleep disturbance and nocturnal scratch in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Alexopoulos Christos , Kassim Alia , Christakis Yiorgos , Di Junrui , Thomas Kevin , Wicker Madisen , Kabiri Nina Shaafi , Lehan Walter , Auerbach Sanford , Northcott Carrie , Samuelsson John G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
Itch, scratch and poor sleep are often cited as key symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Although approximately 10-41% of children and 7-48% of adults in the general population experience sleep disturbances, this figure climbs to 47-80% in children with AD and 33-90% in adults with AD (Bawany et al., 2021). While great effort has been done to characterize and validate nocturnal scratch and sleep, the relationship between the two remains poorly characterized.

Objectives
We hypothesize that nocturnal scratch is the reason for the sleep disturbances in patients with AD. Literature suggests that these symptoms are linked, albeit not necessarily causal. Here we investigate the interaction between nocturnal scratch events and sleep disturbances in study participants with AD compared to a healthy cohort.

Methods
Patients with AD (n=185) and without AD (n=40) aged between 2 to 75 years were recruited across three different studies. Study participants spent the night in a qualified sleep lab while being under observation with thermal videography and polysomnography (PSG). The thermal videography was annotated for both scratch and non-scratch movements by two trained annotators independently with any conflicts being resolved by an arbitrator. The PSG was scored by a credentialed technologist in 30-s epochs per revised American Academy of Sleep Medicine scoring guidelines. The study participants also wore a wrist-worn accelerometer on both the left and right wrists.

Results
It was noted that sleep disturbances were associated with the observed scratch events, and that the temporal relationship between sleep disturbance and scratching seemed to differ between the AD and healthy cohorts. Surprisingly, however, it was also noted that within a few study participants with AD, scratch events occurred while the patient was in stable REM sleep, most often in the children with AD. Further investigation will provide additional information as to whether this was an artifact or in fact a true observation. We also present an overview of sleep, as well as nocturnal scratch and non-scratch movements in the AD and healthy cohorts, noting specifically how the behaviors differ between the groups, and over the course of the sleep opportunity, across sleep stages and sleep cycles, as well as their relationships to sleep disturbances.

Conclusions
Nocturnal scratching is often associated with sleep disturbances in AD; however, the causality is not always clear. Moreover, in some cases scratching was observed during stable REM sleep in AD, an observation that requires further investigation.
562 - Dupilumab treatment provides long-term improvement in itch in pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis over 1 year
Authors: Siegfried Elaine , Simpson Eric L , Boguniewicz Mark , Flohr Carsten , Eichenfield Lawrence F , Pinter Andreas , Ramien Michele , Gao Xing-Hua , Chen Zhen , Bates Lauren , Rossi Ana B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
As symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) can wax and wane over time, disease control is better represented by consistency of response over a long treatment duration rather than at a single time point.

Objective
To evaluate the proportion of pediatric patients achieving and maintaining mild or no itch (defined by a SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) itch visual analog scale (VAS; 0-10 over last 3 days) score of lower than 4) across 5 visits during a 52-week open label extension trial of dupilumab.

Methods
Patients who previously participated in 16-week trials and were aged 0.5–5 years (LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL; NCT03346434), 6–11 years (LIBERTY AD PEDs; NCT03345914), and 12–17 years (LIBERTY AD ADOL; NCT03054428), were subsequently enrolled in the phase 3, open-label extension trial, LIBERTY AD PED-OLE (NCT02612454). Patients were treated with 300 mg q4w or 200/300 mg q2w (body weight &lt;60 or ≥60 kg, respectively). In this analysis, patients with a SCORAD itch VAS score of greater than 4 at OLE baseline, were assessed for the maintenance of SCORAD itch VAS lower than 4, at 5 timepoints: Weeks 4, 16, 28, 40, and 52.

Results
In 763 patients, 400 patients with a SCORAD itch VAS score of greater than 4 were assessed. Mild or no itch was achieved in at least 4 of 5 timepoints in most patients aged 0.5–5 years (55/110; 50%), 6–11 years (76/148; 51%), and 12–17 years (73/142; 51%). Across these age groups, over 65% maintained this response for at least 3 of 5 timepoints. Safety was consistent with the known dupilumab safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Conclusions
Most pediatric patients achieved improvement in itch, maintained during 1 year of treatment with dupilumab. Results were consistent for infants/preschoolers, children, and adolescents.