bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma and diesel and other occupational exposures in swedish construction workers
Authors: Lee Won Jin , Baris Dalsu , Järvholm Bengt , Silverman Debra T. , Bergdahl Ingvar A. , Blair Aaron 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe examined the relationships between occupational exposures and the risk of multiple myeloma among male construction workers in Sweden. A total of 446 myeloma subjects were identified among 365,424 male workers followed from 1971 to 1999. Occupational exposure was assessed using a semiquantitative job‐exposure matrix, based on a survey carried out by the Construction Industry's Organization for Working Environment, Occupational Safety and Health in Sweden. Rate ratios (RRs) in the exposed groups relative to the unexposed groups were estimated by Poisson regression. We found an increased risk (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.04–1.71) among construction workers exposed to diesel exhaust. Adjustment for other occupational exposures did not change this estimate (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.00–1.77). However, there was no monotonic increase in risk with estimated level of exposure (RR for low = 1.4, moderate = 1.1, high = 1.4). There was no evidence of increased risk associated with the other occupational exposures among these construction workers, including asbestos, asphalt, cement dust, metal dust, mineral wool, organic solvents, stone dust and wood dust. Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust in the Swedish construction industry may present a small risk of multiple myeloma, but lack of an exposure–response trend tempers our ability to draw clear conclusions. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of tumor growth by biodegradable microspheres containing all‐trans‐retinoic acid in a human head‐and‐neck cancer xenograft
Authors: Choi Yongdoo , Kim Sang Yoon , Kim Sun Hee , Yang Jehoon , Park Kyeongsoon , Byun Youngro 
Published: August 2003

AbstractRetinoids play essential roles in the regulation of cell differentiation and in the proliferation of various epithelial tissues, and atRA is one such active metabolite of retinoids. However, despite the known functions of atRA, its clinical applications are limited due to the induced metabolism by the specific cytochrome P‐450s in the liver. To overcome the limitation, parenteral administration of atRA‐loaded biodegradable microspheres, the PDLLA/PLE microspheres containing atRA, was suggested previously. We evaluated chemotherapeutic efficacy of atRA‐loaded microspheres in a human head‐and‐neck xenograft/nude mouse model. When atRA‐loaded microspheres were administered s.c. at 200 mg/kg body weight to athymic nude mice, plasma concentration of atRA could be maintained in a range of 1.2 to 3.7 × 10−8 M for 4 weeks. As a result, the tumor volume of human head‐and‐neck cancer was reduced compared to the control group by 51.3% (p < 0.01) at 14 days and by 49.2% (p < 0.05) at 28 days. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk modification by CYP1A1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in the association of environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: A case‐control study in Japanese nonsmoking women
Authors: Kiyohara Chikako , Wakai Kenji , Mikami Haruo , Sido Koichi , Ando Masahiko , Ohno Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2003

AbstractGenetic backgrounds may modify the association of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) with lung cancer risk. Polymorphisms of both the activating and detoxifying enzymes, cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione‐S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1), may be important as genetic factors. We conducted a multicenter case‐control study in Japanese nonsmoking women. Cases were women aged 30–89 years and newly diagnosed as having lung cancer from November 1997 to March 2001 in 4 study areas. We also recruited age‐matched (5‐year strata) and hospital‐matched nonsmoking controls. A total of 158 cases and 259 hospital controls supplied blood for genotyping. Detailed information on ETS exposure from husbands and that in other situations and on potential confounders was collected by interview. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by using conditional logistic models. We found no increase in the risk of lung cancer for CYP1A1 Msp I genotypes. For the GSTM1 null genotype vs. nonnull genotype, the OR was 1.37 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–2.09], which indicated a somewhat increased risk for the GSTM1 null genotype. A gene‐environment interaction was suggested, with combined GSTM1 null genotype and high‐dose ETS exposure (≥40 pack‐years by husbands) conferring significantly higher risk (OR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.13–4.57) compared to the GSTM1 nonnull genotype and low‐dose ETS exposure (<40 pack‐years). Our results do not support a major role of Msp I polymorphism of the CYP1A1 gene as a risk factor for lung cancer among nonsmoking women. In contrast, the GSTM1 null genotype posed an increased, although not significant, risk among them. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the ETS‐GSTM1 polymorphism interaction suggested in our present study. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
History of antibiotic use and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
Authors: Kato Ikuko , Koenig Karen L. , Baptiste Mark S. , Lillquist Patricia P. , Frizzera Glauco , Burke Jerome S. , Watanabe Hiroko , Shore Roy E. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA population‐based, incidence case‐control study was conducted among women in upstate New York to determine whether histories of certain infections and antibiotic use are associated with risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Our study involved 376 cases of NHL identified through the New York State Cancer Registry and 463 controls selected from the Medicare beneficiary files and state driver's license records. Information about use of common medications including antibiotics, history of selected infectious diseases and potential confounding variables was obtained by telephone interview. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using an unconditional logistic regression model. There was a progressive increase in risk of NHL with increasing frequency and duration of systemic antibiotic use, as assessed over the period of 2–20 years before the interview. The ORs for the highest exposure categories, ≥36 episodes and ≥366 days of use, were 2.56 (95% CI 1.33–4.94) and 2.66 (95% CI 1.35–5.27), respectively. These associations were primarily due to antibiotic use against respiratory infections and dental conditions. Moreover, the association with frequency of antibiotic use for respiratory infections was pronounced for marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma and for respiratory tract lymphoma. Analyses by class of antibiotics did not suggest that a general cytotoxic effect of antibiotics was responsible for these increased risks. Although recall bias and selection bias remain potential concerns in our study, the results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that persistent infection/inflammation predisposes individuals to the development of NHL. However, a direct role of antibiotics in NHL induction has not been ruled out. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence trends of mesothelioma in Norway, 1965–1999
Authors: Ulvestad Bente , Kjaerheim Kristina , Møller Bjørn , Andersen Aage 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAsbestos exposure is considered to be the only important risk factor for malignant mesothelioma. The importation of asbestos to Norway increased after World War II and peaked in 1970. Stringent regulations took effect in 1977, and importation and use of asbestos practically ended in Norway in the late 1970s, until importation was prohibited in 1982. Our study aimed to analyze the incidence of mesothelioma in Norway according to temporal variation, to study the consequences of the use of asbestos and the asbestos ban effectiveness. An age‐period‐cohort model was used to analyze time trends for pleural mesotheliomas. From 1965–1999, the annual number of pleural mesotheliomas rose gradually both in males and females, and the highest annual number of pleural mesotheliomas was recorded in 1999 with 73 new cases diagnosed. The age‐adjusted log linear drift of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura during the observation period rose 31.1% per 5 years among men and 15.9% among women. In 1995–1999, the age‐adjusted incidence rate for men was 16.6 per million person‐years for men and 2.3 for women. Cohort‐specific risks increased for men born up to around 1935. After this the risks seem to stabilize. The rates were determined by age and by birth cohort. The delayed period effect of the asbestos regulation by the late 1970s will probably have its greatest effects on the mesothelioma rates around 2010. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphic variation at the ‐202 locus in IGFBP3: Influence on serum levels of insulin‐like growth factors, interaction with plasma retinol and vitamin D and breast cancer risk
Authors: Schernhammer Eva S. , Hankinson Susan E. , Hunter David J. , Blouin Marie J. , Pollak Michael N. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPrevious reports have suggested an association between circulating IGFBP‐3 levels and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of IGFBP‐3 (nucleotide ‐202) was shown to influence transcription. There is prior evidence that the action of antiproliferative agents such as retinoids and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) act in part by upregulating IGFBP3 gene expression. We identified 677 women with incident breast cancer and 834 matched controls from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and genotyped them at the ‐202 locus. For 943 of these women, we had previously measured IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 plasma levels, and for 861 of these subjects, plasma retinol levels were available. Age‐adjusted mean circulating IGFBP‐3 levels were highest in the individuals with the AA genotype and decreased significantly in a stepwise manner in the presence of 1 or 2 copies of the C allele (4,426 ng/ml, 4,060 ng/ml and 3,697 ng/ml, respectively). We found a positive relation between age‐adjusted IGFBP‐3 levels and plasma retinol (14% difference in IGFBP‐3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of retinol, p for trend < 0.001; Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.25), which was similar across genotypes at the ‐202 IGFBP3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, p = 0.91). Breast cancer risk was not significantly related to genotype at the ‐202 locus in our prospective analyses. We confirmed a relation between the ‐202 IGFBP3 polymorphism and IGFBP‐3 serum levels and observed a positive correlation between circulating retinol levels and circulating IGFBP‐3 levels, providing further evidence that retinoids may influence IGF physiology. Our data do not demonstrate a significant influence of this locus on breast cancer risk, but we cannot exclude a minor influence or an influence confined to subgroups. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer occurrence in Ardabil: Results of a population‐based Cancer Registry from Iran
Authors: Sadjadi Alireza , Malekzadeh Reza , Derakhshan Mohammad H. , Sepehr Alireza , Nouraie Mehdi , Sotoudeh Masoud , Yazdanbod Abbas , Shokoohi Behrooz , Mashayekhi Afshin , Arshi Shahnam , Majidpour Ali , Babaei Masoud , Mosavi Alireza , Mohagheghi Mosavi Mohammad Ali , Alimohammadian Masomeh 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe provincial health authority reported a high mortality rate from upper GI cancer in the newly established Ardabil Province of northwest Iran. A comprehensive search was undertaken to survey and register all cases of cancer during a 4‐year (1996–1999) period among the indigenous population of Ardabil Province, including subjects seeking care in the cities of Tabriz and Tehran. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 71.4%, clinical or radiologic findings in 25% and death certificate in 3.6% of cases. A total of 3,455 cancers (mean age 57.1 ± 17.3 years) was found during the study. Of these, 60% (2,072) were in males. ASRs for all cancers in males and females were 132.0 and 96.3, respectively. The top 5 cancers in males (excluding skin cancer) according to the calculated ASR were stomach (25.4), esophagus (15.4), lung and bronchus (7.9), colon and rectum (7.9) and bladder (7.6); in females, these were stomach (25.42), esophagus (14.4), breast (7.6), colon and rectum (5. 9) and lung and bronchus (3.6). Compared to rates obtained 30 years ago, the incidence of upper GI cancer in this region has increased about 100%, and there is a striking increase in the incidence of gastric cancer with a decline in the esophageal cancer rate. ASRs for gastric cancer in Ardabil were 49.1 for males and 25.4 for females, while for esophageal cancer these were 15.4 and 14.4, respectively. The ASR for cervical cancer was the lowest (0.4) recorded in the world before. Gastric cancer alone constitutes one‐third of all cancers in Ardabil, the ASR of which is the highest reported from Iran up to now and one of the highest in the world. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953–1997: Rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in Western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia
Authors: de Vries Esther , Bray Freddie I. , Coebergh Jan Willem W. , Parkin Donald M. ,   European Network of Cancer Registries
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe analyzed time trends in incidence of and mortality from malignant cutaneous melanoma in European populations since 1953. Data were extracted from the EUROCIM database of incidence data from 165 cancer registries. Mortality data were derived from the WHO database. During the 1990s, incidence rates were by far highest in northern and western Europe, whereas mortality was higher in males in eastern and southern Europe. Melanoma rates have been rising steadily, albeit with substantial geographic variation. In northern Europe, a deceleration in these trends occurred recently in persons aged under 70. Joinpoint analyses indicated that changes in these trends took place in the early 1980s. In western Europe, mortality rates have also recently leveled off [estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) from −13.6% (n.s.) to 3.3%], whereas in eastern and southern Europe both incidence and mortality rates are still increasing [incidence EAPCs 2.3–8.9%, mortality EAPCs −1.8% (n.s.) to 7.2%]. Models including the effects of age, period and birth cohort were required to adequately describe the rising incidence trends in most European populations, with a few exceptions. Time trends in mortality were adequately summarized on fitting either an age‐cohort model (with the leveling off of rates starting in birth cohorts between 1930 and 1940) or an age‐period‐cohort model. The most plausible explanations for the deceleration or decline in the incidence and mortality trends in recent years in northern (and to a lesser extent western) Europe are earlier detection and more frequent excision of pigmented lesions and a growing public awareness of the dangers of excessive sunbathing. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma insulin, IGF‐binding proteins‐1 and ‐2 and risk of colorectal cancer: A prospective study in Northern Sweden
Authors: Palmqvist Richard , Stattin Pär , Rinaldi Sabina , Biessy Carine , Stenling Roger , Riboli Elio , Hallmans Göran , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: August 2003

AbstractChronically elevated plasma insulin levels have been postulated to increase colon cancer risk, either directly through colonic insulin receptors or indirectly through downregulation of IGFBP‐1 and/or IGFBP‐2, thus increasing IGF activity. Our aim was to examine the relationships of plasma insulin and IGFBPs‐1 and ‐2 with risks of colon and rectal cancers. We conducted a case‐control study nested within the prospective Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Insulin and IGFBPs were measured in prediagnostic plasma samples from 168 men and women who developed cancers of the colon (n = 110) or rectum (n = 58) and from 336 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses showed no significant relationship of plasma insulin with risk of colon or rectal cancer. In subjects whose blood samples had been collected after more than 4 hr of fasting, insulin showed a moderate but still nonsignificant association with colorectal cancer risk [ORs over quartiles: 1.00, 0.70 (95% CI 0.35–1.39), 1.06 (95% CI 0.55–2.07), 1.63 (95% CI 0.82–3.24); ptrend = 0.10]. Plasma IGFBP‐1 and IGFBP‐2 showed no association with risk of colon and/or rectal cancer, either in the full study population or among the fasting subjects. Our results only moderately support a possible relationship of chronic hyperinsulinemia with colon cancer risk. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injectable magnetic liposomes as a novel carrier of recombinant human BMP‐2 for bone formation in a rat bone‐defect model
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiro , Sugita Takashi , Kubo Tadahiko , Yasunaga Yuji , Ochi Mitsuo , Murakami Teruo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractSmall‐sized magnetic liposomes with incorporated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) were prepared, and the efficiency for bone formation after topical injection was evaluated in a rat bone‐defect model. A critical‐sized segmental bone defect was created in the mid‐part of the femoral shaft, and a permanent magnet was attached. Topical injection onto the defects was performed with different liposomal preparations (nonmagnetic and magnetic liposomes) using different treatment modalities (different doses and different treatment timing of rhBMP‐2). Weekly evaluations were made radiographically and microcomputed tomographically, histologically, and/or by mechanical testing at 9 weeks after surgery. A single topical application of magnetic liposomes with an appropriate amount of rhBMP‐2 (≈3 μg) incorporated under magnetic induction immediately after surgery was effective for new bone formation. The combined treatment of topical magnetic rhBMP‐2 liposomes and magnetic implantation at the injury site was effective for the treatment of bone defects. This injectable carrier for BMP is expected to have many advantages over solid carriers because it can be prepared easily and can be less invasively applied to the injured site at any time after surgery. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 747–754, 2003
Evaluation of thermal‐ and photo‐crosslinked biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate)‐based networks
Authors: Timmer Mark D. , Ambrose Catherine G. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractBiodegradable networks of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and the crosslinking reagent poly(propylene fumarate)‐diacrylate (PPF‐DA) were prepared with thermal‐ and photo‐initiator systems. Thermal‐crosslinking was performed with benzoyl peroxide (BP), which is accelerated by N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐toluidine (DMT) and enables injection and in situ polymerization. Photo‐crosslinking was accomplished with bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (BAPO), which is activated by long‐wavelength UV light and facilitates material processing with rapid manufacturing techniques, such as stereolithography. Networks were evaluated to assess the effects of the initiators and the PPF/PPF‐DA double bond ratio on the mechanical properties. Regardless of the initiator system, the compressive properties of the PPF/PPF‐DA networks increased as the double bond ratio decreased from 2 to 0.5. BAPO/UV‐initiated networks were significantly stronger than those formed with BP/DMT. The compressive modulus of the photo‐ and thermal‐crosslinked PPF/PPF‐DA networks ranged from 310 ± 25 to 1270 ± 286 MPa and 75 ± 8 to 332 ± 89 MPa, respectively. The corresponding fracture strengths varied from 58 ± 7 to 129 ± 17 MPa and 31 ± 13 to 105 ± 12 MPa. The mechanical properties were not affected by the initiator concentration. Characterization of the network structures indicated that BAPO was a more efficient initiator for the crosslinking of PPF/PPF‐DA, achieving a higher double bond conversion and crosslinking density than its BP counterpart. Estimated average molecular weights between crosslinks (Mc) confirmed the effects of the initiators and PPF/PPF‐DA double bond ratio on the mechanical properties. This work demonstrates the capability to control the properties of PPF/PPF‐DA networks as well as their versatility to be used as an injectable material or a prefabricated implant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 811–818, 2003
Pluronic‐grafted poly‐(L)‐lysine as a new synthetic gene carrier
Authors: Jeon Eunjung , Kim Hee‐Doo , Kim Jin‐Seok 
Published: August 2003

AbstractGenes are attractive candidates as therapeutic agents, and the development of safe and effective gene carriers is essential for the success of human gene therapy. To develop a gene delivery vector that shows low cytotoxicity and high efficiency, we synthesized poly‐L‐lysine‐g‐pluronic by conjugating poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) to pluronic, which is partially functionalized with para‐nitrophenyl carbonate groups, and evaluated for its efficiency as a possible nonviral gene carrier candidate. Structural analysis of synthesized polymer was performed by using 1H‐NMR. Gel retardation assay, ζ potential and size measurement confirmed that the new gene carrier made a compact complex with plasmid DNA. pCMV‐β‐gal was used as a reporter gene, and the in vitro transfection efficiency was measured in HeLa cells by using the o‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside assay. The highest transfection efficiency among those tested was achieved at the 1:1 weight ratio of polymer:DNA, and a 3‐fold increase in transfection efficiency was achieved by treatment of a lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine. Compared with unmodified PLL, PLL‐g‐pluronic showed about 2‐fold increase in transfection efficiency with similar cytotoxicity specifically at the 1:1 weight ratio of polymer:DNA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 854–859, 2003
Polyvinylpyrrolidone modified bioactive glass fibers as tissue constructs: In vitro mesenchymal stem cell response
Authors: Hatcher Brian M. , Seegert Charles A. , Brennan Anthony B. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe sol–gel synthesis of a bioactive glass (BAG) sol with the incorporation of polyvinylpyrrolidone and the subsequent spraying of short, discontinuous fibers is reported. The incorporation of the polymer into the BAG sol allowed for increased control of the rheological properties and resulted in a more homogeneous fibrous material when sprayed through an air gun. Reaction kinetics and sol viscosity were monitored and analyzed during synthesis, and fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. Fibers were sintered at 900°C and were examined for in vitro bioactivity in a simulated body fluid solution. The presence of hydroxyapatite crystals is confirmed by examination with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Both the proliferation rate and cell density of rat mesenchymal stem cells cultured on BAG fiber constructs of varying porosities were shown to be dependent upon fiber spacing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 840–849, 2003