bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“But I Am Afflicted” Attending to Persons in Pain and Modern Health Care
Authors: Barton Sarah Jean , McCarty Brett 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOver one in five adults in the United States and around the world are estimated to live with chronic pain. How are we to attend well to persons living with pain? This is a difficult, pressing question for both healthcare institutions and Christian communities, and it is only made more complex both by the contemporary opioid crisis and by how experiences of pain and addiction are shaped in the American context by race, gender, and class. Attending faithfully to persons in pain demands thoughtful, creative resources on both practical and conceptual levels. In this special issue of Christian Bioethics, eight scholars from different disciplines—Sarah Barton, Farr Curlin, Jaime Konerman-Sease, Brett McCarty, Joel Shuman, Devan Stahl, John Swinton, and Emmy Yang—engage the meaning of attending to persons in pain for Christian bioethics and for faithful Christian practice.
Olfaction and declarative memory in aging: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jobin Benoît , Roy-Côté Frédérique , Frasnelli Johannes , Boller Benjamin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Olfactory and declarative memory performances are associated, as both functions are processed by overlapping medial-temporal and prefrontal structures and decline in older adults. While a decline in olfactory identification may be related to a decline in declarative memory, the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we assessed (i) the relationship between olfactory identification/detection threshold and verbal declarative memory in cognitively normal older adults, and (ii) the effect of age on these relationships. We included articles from PsychNet, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete according to the following criteria: (i) inclusion of cognitively normal older adults; (ii) assessment of episodic or semantic memory; and (iii) assessment of olfactory identification or detection threshold. Seventeen studies and 22 effect sizes were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Olfactory identification was associated with episodic (small effect size: r = 0.19; k = 22) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.16; k = 23). Similarly, the olfactory detection threshold was associated with both episodic (small to medium effect size: r = 0.25; k = 5) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.17; k = 7). Age was found to moderate the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and memory performance. Both olfactory identification and detection threshold performances are associated with declarative memory in older adults, and age only moderates the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory performances.
US Guidelines Fall Short on Short-Course Tuberculosis-Preventive Therapy
Authors: Krishnan Sonya , Chaisson Richard E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The provision of tuberculosis-preventive therapy (TPT) to vulnerable populations is critical for global control. Shorter-course TPT regimens are highly effective and improve completion rates. Despite incorporation of 1 month of rifapentine and isoniazid into global guidelines, current US TPT guidelines do not include this as a recommended regimen, but should.
Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infections Compared With Seasonal Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Adults Attending the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Hedberg Pontus , Karlsson Valik John , Abdel-Halim Lina , Alfvén Tobias , Nauclér Pontus 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a controversy over the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in an era of less virulent variants and an increasing population immunity. We compared outcomes in adults attending the emergency department (ED) with an Omicron, influenza, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

Methods
Retrospective multicenter cohort study including adults attending the ED in 6 acute care hospitals in Stockholm County, Sweden, with an Omicron, influenza, or RSV infection during 2021–2022 and 2015–2019. During 2021–2022, patients were tested for all 3 viruses by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Results
A total of 6385 patients from 2021–2022 were included in the main analyses: 4833 Omicron, 1099 influenza, and 453 RSV. The 30-day mortality was 7.9% (n = 381) in the Omicron, 2.5% (n = 28) in the influenza, and 6.0% (n = 27) in the RSV cohort. Patients with Omicron had an adjusted 30-day mortality odds ratio (OR) of 2.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–3.62) compared with influenza and 1.42 (95% CI .94–2.21) compared with RSV. Among unvaccinated Omicron patients, stronger associations were observed compared with both influenza (OR 5.51 [95% CI 3.41–9.18]) and RSV (OR 3.29 [95% CI 2.01–5.56]). Similar trends were observed for secondary outcomes. Findings were consistent in comparisons with 5709 pre-pandemic influenza 995 RSV patients.

Conclusions
In patients attending the ED, infections with Omicron were both more common and associated with more severe outcomes compared with influenza and RSV, in particular among unvaccinated patients.
Efficacy of pharmacological and interventional treatment for resistant hypertension: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Zhejia , Vollmer Barbosa Clara , Lang Hannah , Bauersachs Johann , Melk Anette , Schmidt Bernhard M W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Resistant hypertension is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and mortality. Yet, its management is challenging. This study aims to establish the comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and interventional treatments by conducting a network meta-analysis.

Methods and results
MEDLINE, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection were systematically searched in March 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing treatment options for management of resistant hypertension were included. Outcomes were blood pressure (BP) changes, measured in the office and in 24 h ambulatory BP measurement. We applied a frequentist random effects model to perform a network meta-analysis combining placebo medication and sham procedure as the reference comparator. From 4771 records, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria with 3458 included patients in total. Twelve active treatment alternatives [spironolactone, doxazosin, β-blocker, clonidine, darusentan, guanfacine, various types of renal sympathetic denervation, lifestyle intervention, continuous positive airway pressure, and baroreflex activation therapy (BAT)] were analysed. Among all comparators, spironolactone had the highest ranking probability and was considered the most effective treatment to reduce office systolic blood pressure (sBP) [−13.30 mmHg (−17.89; −8.72); P &lt; 0.0001] and 24 h sBP [−8.46 mmHg (−12.54; −4.38); P &lt; 0.0001] in patients with resistant hypertension. Lifestyle interventions were the most effective non-pharmacological treatment, lowering office sBP by −7.26 mmHg (−13.73; −0.8), whereas BAT lowered office sBP by −7.0 (−18.59; 4.59). Renal denervation lowered office sBP by −5.64 mmHg (−12.95; 1.66) and −3.79 mmHg (−11.39; 3.8) depending on the type of the procedure.

Conclusion
Among all pharmacologic and interventional treatments, spironolactone is the most effective treatment in reducing BP in patients with resistant hypertension. More comparative trials and especially trials with long-term follow-up are needed. In the meanwhile, we have to conclude that a combination of spironolactone and lifestyle modification are the most effective treatments in resistant hypertension.
Ozanimod-exposed Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Total Colectomy Exhibit Unique Lymph Node Histological Changes
Authors: Cohen Nathaniel A , Weber Christopher R , Cheng Jason X , Choi David , Garcia Nicole M , Choi Natalie K , Rubin David T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Ozanimod regulates lymphocyte egress from the spleen and lymph nodes into the systemic circulation. The histological changes which occur in the lymph nodes of patients on ozanimod is unknown.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] undergoing total colectomy for treatment-refractory disease who received ozanimod, and a cohort of patients with UC undergoing colectomy who did not have ozanimod exposure. Histology of the lymph nodes from the mesentery of colectomy specimens was reviewed and multiple features were scored by experienced pathologists.

Results
Six [13%] ozanimod-treated patients with UC required surgery for treatment-refractory disease. Colectomy specimen data were available for five patients [one patient had surgery at an outside centre]. Lymph node specimens from six control patients with UC who had colectomy were examined. Histological examination of lymph nodes showed that patients treated with ozanimod had significantly greater extent of dilated sinuses [p = 0.03] and greater degrees of sinus histiocytosis [p = 0.03] compared with control patients. In addition, there was a trend towards more Castleman-like angiotrophic hyperplasia, plasma cell infiltration, and subcortical interfollicular expansion in ozanimod-treated patients.

Conclusion
This study identifies unique histological changes in the lymph nodes of patients with UC treated with ozanimod. The presence of sinus histiocytosis and dilated sinuses is in keeping with the known mechanism of action of ozanimod, and suggests that blocking lymphocyte egression from lymph nodes was insufficient to ameliorate disease severity in these patients. The possibility of Castleman-like features, identified in several of the cases, needs to be further investigated.
The ISCHEMIA trial revisited: setting the record straight on the benefits of coronary bypass surgery and the misinterpretation of a landmark trial
Authors: Gomes Walter J , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Bakaeen Faisal , Sádaba J Rafael , Dayan Victor , Almeida Rui , Parolari Alessandro , Myers Patrick O , Borger Michael A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The ISCHEMIA trial is a landmark study that has been the subject of heated debate within the cardiovascular community. In this analysis of the ISCHEMIA trial, we aim to set the record straight on the benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the misinterpretation of this landmark trial. We sought to clarify and reorient this misinterpretation.

METHODS
We herein analyse the ISCHEMIA trial in detail and describe how its misinterpretation has led to an erroneous guideline recommendation downgrading for prognosis-altering surgical therapy in these at-risk patients.

RESULTS
The interim ISCHEMIA trial findings align with previous evidence where CABG reduces the long-term risks of myocardial infarction and mortality in advanced coronary artery disease. The trial outcomes of a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular mortality and a higher rate of non-cardiovascular mortality with the invasive strategy are explained according to landmark evidence.

CONCLUSIONS
The ISCHEMIA trial findings are aligned with previous evidence and should not be used to downgrade recommendations in recent guidelines for the indisputable benefits of CABG.
Cultural capital, network resources, and occupational attainment: a panel study on the intragenerational conversion of cultural resources
Authors: Meuleman Roza , Kraaykamp Gerbert 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adding to a growing body of research, this study examines the intragenerational conversion of cultural capital into occupational attainment. More specifically, we argue that cultural and economic network resources constitute an important—yet understudied—explanation for why individuals’ cultural capital yields returns in the labour market. To test our expectations, we collected unique panel data in the Netherlands with information on individuals’ cultural capital (i.e. highbrow participation), offline core, and extended networks, and occupational outcomes. In line with theoretical notions of communicating cultural match, signalling competencies, and enhancing emotional returns, our results show that cultural capital is positively associated with a higher overall occupational position. Besides, individuals’ access to network resources largely explains the association between cultural capital and a higher occupational position. Interestingly, cultural resources in the extended network play a more important role than economic network resources in the conversion of cultural capital into a higher cultural occupational position. Conversely, economic core network resources are more important than cultural core network resources in the conversion of cultural capital into a higher economic occupational position. Our study thus provides strong support for the idea that the conversion of cultural capital into occupational returns, via social capital, is field-specific.
Estimated number of reported vaccine-preventable disease cases averted following the introduction of routine vaccination programs in Sweden, 1910–2019
Authors: Martin Leah J , Galanis Ilias , Lepp Tiia , Lindstrand Ann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Routine childhood vaccination programs have had enormous positive public health impacts worldwide. However, in some areas, these benefits may be impeded by vaccine hesitancy and undervaccination. We estimated the number of reported cases of measles, pertussis, mumps and poliomyelitis averted in Sweden after the introduction of routine childhood vaccination programs.

Methods
We used annual national data on population size and the number of reported cases of measles (1911–2019), pertussis (1911–2019), mumps (1914–2019) and poliomyelitis (1910–2019) for Sweden. For each disease, we calculated the median and 95% confidence interval of the annual pre-vaccination incidence to estimate the number of counterfactual cases; that is, the estimated number of cases that would have been observed in the post-vaccination period had no vaccine been introduced (median incidence × average annual population). For the post-vaccination periods, we calculated reported cases averted and assumed all decreases were due to vaccines.

Results
In total, for all four diseases combined, over 2.1 million cases were reported over the respective surveillance periods. Since the introduction of vaccinations, we estimate that over 1.5 million reported cases of these four diseases combined have been averted: measles (633 091), pertussis (608 670), mumps (262 951) and poliomyelitis (58 240). However, due to underreporting, especially during pre-vaccination years, these are likely underestimates.

Conclusions
Since the introduction of these routine childhood vaccination programs in Sweden, a substantial number of reported cases of vaccine-preventable diseases have been averted. Vigilance against both failure to vaccinate and undervaccination is necessary to prevent future increases of these vaccine-preventable diseases.
Social inequalities in the risk of giving birth to a small for gestational age child in Sweden 2010–16: a cross-sectional study adopting an intersectional approach
Authors: Axelsson Fisk Sten , Alex-Petersen Jesper , Rostila Mikael , Liu Can , Juárez Sol Pia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Well-established associations exist between the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and unidimensional sociodemographic factors. We investigated social inequalities in SGA risk and adopted an intersectional approach that simultaneously considers different social categories. By doing so, we could assess heterogeneities in SGA risk within unidimensional sociodemographic categories.

Methods
We included all live 679 694 singleton births in Sweden between 2010 and 2016. The outcome was SGA, and the exposures were age, maternal educational level, dichotomous migration status and civil status. Thirty-six possible combinations of these factors constituted the exposure in an intersectional model. We present odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)—a measurement of discriminatory accuracy (i.e. the ability to discriminate the babies born SGA from those who are not).

Results
Women with low education and women born outside Sweden had ORs of 1.46 (95% CI 1.38–1.54) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.43–1.56) in unidimensional analyses, respectively. Among women aged under 25 with low education who were born outside Sweden and unmarried, the highest OR was 3.06 (2.59–3.63). The discriminatory accuracy was low for both the unidimensional model that included all sociodemographic factors (AUC 0. 563) and the intersectional model (AUC 0.571).

Conclusions
The intersectional approach revealed a complex sociodemographic pattern of SGA risk. Sociodemographic factors have a low accuracy in identifying SGA at the individual level, even when quantifying their multi-dimensional intersections. This cautions against interventions targeted to individuals belonging to socially defined groups to reduce social inequalities in SGA risk.
Measurement of treatment burden in patients with multimorbidity in the Netherlands: translation and validation of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (NL-MTBQ)
Authors: Engels Loes W S , van Merode Tiny , Heijmans Monique , Menting Juliane , Duncan Polly , Rademakers Jany 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Multimorbidity is a growing problem. The number and complexity of (non-)pharmaceutical treatments create a great burden for patients. Treatment burden refers to the perception of the weight of these treatments, and is associated with multimorbidity. Measurement of treatment burden is of great value for optimizing treatment and health-related outcomes.

Objective
We aim to translate and validate the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) for use in the Dutch population with multimorbidity and explore the level of treatment burden.

Methods
Translating the MTBQ into Dutch included forward–backward translation, piloting, and cognitive interviewing (n = 8). Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed in a cross-sectional study of patients with multimorbidity recruited from a panel in the Netherlands (n = 959). We examined item properties, dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. The level of treatment burden in the population was assessed.

Results
The mean age among 959 participants with multimorbidity was 69.9 (17–96) years. Median global NL-MTBQ score was 3.85 (interquartile range 0–9.62), representing low treatment burden. Significant floor effects were found for all 13 items of the instrument. Factor analysis supported a single-factor structure. The NL-MTBQ had high internal consistency (α = 0.845), and provided good evidence on the construct validity of the scale.

Conclusion
The Dutch version of the 13-item MTBQ is a single-structured, valid, and compact patient-reported outcome measure to assess treatment burden in primary care patients with multimorbidity. It could identify patients experiencing high treatment burden, with great potential to enhance shared decision-making and offer additional support.
Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia triggers changes in the microbiota composition of fish internal organs
Authors: Ofek Tamir , Izhaki Ido , Halpern Malka 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a major pathogenic species that causes mass mortality in various freshwater fish species including hybrid tilapia, the main fish species in Israeli aquaculture. Our hypothesis was that A. hydrophila infection may cause changes in the microbiota composition of fish internal organs, and therefore we aimed to study the effect of A. hydrophila infection by injection or by net handling on the microbiota compositions of fish intestine, spleen, and liver. Significant differences in the microbiota composition were found between the internal organs of the diseased and the healthy fish in both experimental setups. Fusobacteriota was the most dominant phylum in the microbiota of healthy fish (∼70%, liver). Cetobacterium was the most abundant genus and relatively more abundant in healthy, compared to diseased fish. When A. hydrophila was inoculated by injection, it was the only pathogenic genus in the spleen and liver of the diseased fish. However, in the handling experiment, Vibrio was also detected in the diseased fish, demonstrating coinfection interactions. Based on these experiments, we conclude that indeed, A. hydrophila infection in tilapia causes changes in the microbiota composition of fish internal organs, and that fish net handling may trigger bacterial infection in freshwater aquaculture.
Associations Between Blood Nutritional Biomarkers and Cerebral Amyloid-β: Insights From the COGFRAIL Cohort Study
Authors: Grande de França Natasha A , Díaz Gustavo , Lengelé Laetitia , Soriano Gaëlle , Caspar-Bauguil Sylvie , Saint-Aubert Laure , Payoux Pierre , Rouch Laure , Vellas Bruno , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Sourdet Sandrine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between blood nutrients and neurodegeneration could contribute to devising strategies for preventing Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the associations between fatty acids, vitamins D, B6, B12, folate, homocysteine, and the cerebral load of amyloid β (Aβ). This cross-sectional study included 177 older adults (70–96 years, 65% female) with objective cognitive impairment, prefrail, or frail. Cerebral Aβ load was determined using positron emission tomography Standardized Uptake Value ratios. Fatty acids were assessed in erythrocytes, vitamins D and homocysteine in serum, and the other vitamins in plasma. Linear regression models corrected for multiple comparisons evaluated the associations between each nutrient and Aβ. The principal component factor followed by linear regression grouped the fatty acids strongly correlated (factor) and associated with Aβ. Higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): clupanodonic acid (22:5n-3; β: −0.13; p = .001), mead acid (20:3n-9; β: −0.07; p = .036), and adrenic acid (22:4n-6; β: −0.05; p = .031) were associated with lower global Aβ load, whereas linoleic acid (18:2n-6) was associated with higher global Aβ load (β: 0.18; p = .042). Clupanodonic acid was inversely associated with Aβ in all cerebral regions except the thalamus. The factor composed of mead, clupanodonic, and arachidonic (20:4n-6) acids was associated with a lower global Aβ load (β: −0.02; p = .002). Some erythrocyte PUFAs were inversely associated with Aβ load in the brain, and most of them were metabolites of the essential fatty acids linoleic and α-linolenic. Given the cross-sectional design, these results must be carefully interpreted, and longitudinal studies are needed.