bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular profile of catabolic versus anabolic treatment regimens of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in rat bone: An analysis by DNA microarray
Authors: Onyia Jude E. , Helvering Leah M. , Gelbert Lawrence , Wei Tao , Huang Shuguang , Chen Peining , Dow Ernst R. , Maran Avudaiappan , Zhang Minzhi , Lotinun Sutada , Lin Xi , Halladay David L. , Miles Rebecca R. , Kulkarni Nalini H. , Ambrose Emily M. , Ma Yanfei L. , Frolik Charles A. , Sato Masahiko , Bryant Henry U. , Turner Russell T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTeriparatide, human PTH (1‐34), a new therapy for osteoporosis, elicits markedly different skeletal responses depending on the treatment regimen. In order to understand potential mechanisms for this dichotomy, the present investigation utilized microarrays to delineate the genes and pathways that are regulated by intermittent (subcutaneous injection of 80 μg/kg/day) and continuous (subcutaneous infusion of 40 μg/kg/day by osmotic mini pump) PTH (1–34) for 1 week in 6‐month‐old female rats. The effect of each PTH regimen was confirmed by histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis, and mRNA from the distal femoral metaphysis was analyzed using an Affymetrix microarray. Both PTH paradigms co‐regulated 22 genes including known bone formation genes (i.e., collagens, osteocalcin, decorin, and osteonectin) and also uniquely modulated additional genes. Intermittent PTH regulated 19 additional genes while continuous treatment regulated 173 additional genes. This investigation details for the first time the broad profiling of the gene and pathway changes that occur in vivo following treatment of intermittent versus continuous PTH (1–34). These results extend previous observations of gene expression changes and reveal the in vivo regulation of BMP3 and multiple neuronal genes by PTH treatment. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of GSTA2 protects against cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the DNA inter‐strand crosslinking nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine
Authors: Xie Jingping , Shults Keith , Flye Leanne , Jiang Fen , Head David R. , Briggs Robert C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effectiveness of bifunctional alkylating nitrogen mustard compounds in chemotherapy is related to their ability to form DNA inter‐strand crosslinks. Patients exposed to DNA inter‐strand crosslinking (ICL) agents subsequently experience an elevated incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and MDS related acute myeloid leukemia. Fanconi's anemia (FA) patients are deficient in the repair of crosslink DNA damage and they experience a high incidence of MDS. These observations indicate that hematopoietic cells are specific target for the transforming effects of DNA crosslinking damage. Changes in transcript levels were characterized in human hematopoietic cells occurring in response to the nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine (HN2), but not in response to monofunctional analogs. Only modest changes in a few gene transcripts were detected in HL60 cells exposed to levels of HN2 tittered to maximal dose that caused growth suppression with minimal cell death and allowed eventual resumption of normal cell growth. Under conditions of transient growth suppression, a subset of glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) isoenzyme genes was consistently upregulated three to fourfold by HN2, but not by monofunctional analogs. Subsequent efforts to confirm the changes detected by microarray analyses revealed an unexpected dependence on treatment conditions. The GST alpha class A2 subfamily member transcripts were upregulated 24 h after a 1 h exposure to HN2 that caused an extensive, but transient block in late S/G2 cell cycle phase, but were minimally altered with continuous exposure. The 1‐h exposure to HN2 caused a transient late S/G2 cell cycle arrest in both the HL‐60 cell line and the Colo 320HSR human colon cancer cell line. Overexpression of GSTA2 by transient transfection protected Colo 320HSR cells against both cycle arrest and apoptosis following exposure to HN2. Overexpression of GSTA2 in Colo 320HSR cells induced after exposure to HN2 did not alter cycle arrest or apoptosis. The results indicate that human GSTA2 facilitates the protection of cells from HN2 damage and not repair. Our results are consistent with the possibility that GSTA2 polymorphisms, variable isoenzyme expression, and variable induced expression may be factors in the pathogenesis of MDS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two sufficient conditions for dominating cycles
Authors: Lu Mei , Liu Huiqing , Tian Feng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA cycle C of a graph G is dominating if each component of $G\backslash C$ is edgeless. In the paper, we will give two sufficient conditions for each longest cycle of a 3‐connected graph to be a dominating cycle. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Magnetic resonance voiding cystography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux: Comparative study with voiding cystourethrography
Authors: Lee Sang Kwon , Chang Yongmin , Park Noh Hyuck , Kim Young Hwan , Woo Seongku 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance voiding cystography (MRVC) compared with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for detecting and grading vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).Materials and MethodsMRVC was performed upon 20 children referred for investigation of reflux. Either coronal T1‐weighted spin‐echo (SE) or gradient‐echo (GE) (fast multiplanar spoiled gradient‐echo (FMPSPGR) or turbo fast low‐angle‐shot (FLASH)) images were obtained before and after transurethral administration of gadolinium solution, and immediately after voiding. The findings of MRVC were compared with those of VCUG and technetium‐99m (99mTc) dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed within 6 months of MRVC.ResultsVUR was detected in 23 ureterorenal units (16 VURs by both methods, 5 VURs by VCUG, and 2 VURs by MRVC). With VCUG as the standard of reference, the sensitivity of MRVC was 76.2%; the specificity, 90.0%; the positive predictive value, 88.9%; and the negative predictive value, 78.3%. There was concordance between two methods regarding the grade of reflux in all 16 ureterorenal units with VUR detected by both methods. Of 40 kidneys, MRVC detected findings of renal damage or reflux nephropathy in 13 kidneys, and 99mTc DMSA renal SPECT detected findings of reflux nephropathy in 17 kidneys.ConclusionAlthough MRVC is shown to have less sensitivity for VUR than VCUG, MRVC may represent a method of choice offering a safer nonradiation test that can additionally evaluate the kidneys for changes related to reflux nephropathy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:406–414. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance angiography of the carotid arteries using three different techniques: Accuracy compared with intraarterial x‐ray angiography and endarterectomy specimens
Authors: Fellner Claudia , Lang Werner , Janka Rolf , Wutke Ralf , Bautz Werner , Fellner Franz A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare three different magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques with x‐ray angiography and endarterectomy specimens.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one patients underwent x‐ray angiography, three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight (TOF) focusing on the carotid bifurcation, high‐resolution (HR) contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRA, and time‐resolved CE MRA. Stenoses of internal carotid arteries were evaluated by three independent observers on identical projection of x‐ray angiography and MRA. Maximum stenosis grades on MRA were assessed additionally and correlated with endarterectomy specimens in 12 cases.ResultsSensitivity for the detection of severe stenoses was excellent (100%) for all MRA techniques, and specificity was superior for three‐dimensional TOF (96.7%) compared with HR CE MRA (80.6%) and time‐resolved CE MRA (83.9%). The correlation between x‐ray angiography and MRA for all stenoses was slightly superior for three‐dimensional TOF and HR CE MRA compared with the time‐resolved technique (κ = 0.87 and 0.86 vs. 0.84). The same trend was seen for the interobserver agreement and for the correlation with endarterectomy specimens. Eleven up to 17 stenoses (depending on the MRA technique) were graded higher using additional projections.ConclusionThree‐dimensional TOF MRA yielded even more accurate results than HR CE MRA in grading of stenoses near the carotid bifurcation. Therefore, a combination of both methods seems to be advantageous. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:424–431. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small bowel motility assessment with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Froehlich Johannes M. , Patak Michael A. , von Weymarn Constantin , Juli Christoph F. , Zollikofer Christoph L. , Wentz Klaus‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo assess primarily the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool to monitor small bowel peristaltic motion and secondarily to validate this technique by demonstrating drug‐induced motility changes.Materials and MethodsAfter a standardized oral preparation of Ispaghula husk (Metamucil®) and meglumine gadoterate (Gd‐DOTA; Dotarem®), 10 volunteers underwent dynamic MRI using a two‐dimensional turbofast field echo (TFE) sequence with a slice repetition time of 500 msec. Intraluminal cross‐sectional caliber changes over time were assessed allowing quantification of the peristaltic frequencies and amplitudes of the small gut on various regions of interest. Pharmacologically induced alterations of the peristaltic motion after spasmolytics and gastrokinetic motion enhancers were investigated.ResultsSmall bowel diameter measurement resulted in a peristalsis of 10.96 (SD = ±2.51) waves per minute, oscillating regularly with mean amplitudes of 6.65 mm (SD = ±1.15 mm). Peristaltic frequency in normal individuals is consistent with that observed with other techniques. Intravenous administration of scopolamine butylbromide (= hyoscine butylbromide/Buscopan®) resulted in small bowel paralysis within 21.3 seconds (SD = ±2.8 seconds). Prokinetic effect of intravenous metoclopramide (Paspertin®) after Buscopan paralysis was tested in one volunteer, characterized by a slow recovery of peristalsis, which propagated from the proximal to the distal segments and enhanced contraction amplitudes.ConclusionDynamic MRI allows observing and quantifying small bowel peristalsis, characterizing motion patterns, and monitoring the effects of interfering factors such as drugs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:370–375. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo measurements of T1 relaxation times in mouse brain associated with different modes of systemic administration of manganese chloride
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Ting , Herlihy Amy H. , So Po‐Wah , Bhakoo Kishore K. , Bell Jimmy D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo measure regional T1 and T2 values for normal C57Bl/6 mouse brain and changes in T1 after systemic administration of manganese chloride (MnCl2) at 9.4 T.Materials and MethodsC57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized and baseline T1 and T2 measurements obtained prior to measurement of T1 after administration of MnCl2 at 9.4 T. MnCl2 was administered systemically either by the intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), or subcutaneous (SC) routes. T1 and T2 maps for each MRI transverse slice were generated using commercial software, and T1 and T2 values of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), pituitary gland, and lateral ventricle were obtained.ResultsWhen compared with baseline values at low‐field, significant lengthening of the T1 values was shown at 9.4 T, while no significant change was seen for T2 values. Significant T1 shortening of the normal mouse brain was observed following IV, IP, and SC administration of MnCl2, with IV and IP showing similar acute effects. Significant decreases in T1 values were seen for the pituitary gland and the ventricles 15 minutes after either IV or IP injection. GM showed greater uptake of the contrast agent than WM at 15 and 45 minutes after either IV or IP injections. Although both structures are within the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), GM and WM revealed a steady decrease in T1 values at 24 and 72 hours after MnCl2 injection regardless of the route of administration.ConclusionSystemic administration of MnCl2 by IV and IP routes induced similar time‐course of T1 changes in different regions of the mouse brain. Acute effects of MnCl2 administration were mainly influenced by either the presence or absence of BBB. SC injection also provided significant T1 change at subacute stage after MnCl2 administration. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:334–339. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility and dependence on diffusion weighting of line scan diffusion in the lumbar intervertebral discs
Authors: Newitt David C. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the dependence of line scan diffusion imaging (LSDI) in the lumbar vertebral discs on diffusion weighting, fat suppression (FS), and postprocessing noise correction.Materials and MethodsEleven normal volunteers were scanned using 4 b‐value and 12 b‐value LSDI protocols, with and without FS. Three repeated four b‐value scans were performed for evaluation of the reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values calculated with mono‐ and biexponential decay models. Two‐point ADC analysis for 12 b‐value scans was performed with and without noise correction to evaluate the ADC dependence on diffusion weighting. Correlations between different ADC calculation and acquisition methods were evaluated.ResultsMonoexponential ADC measures had a coefficient of variation (CV) under 3%, while use of a constrained biexponential increased the CV to 6% to 9%. Strong dependence on b‐value was seen from chemically shifted marrow fat signal and noise. These systematic variations in ADC were eliminated using noise correction and FS. ADC values from 4 and 12 b‐value FS scans correlated strongly (R2 = 0.91), while biexponentially derived ADC values correlated moderately well with the FS ADC (R2 = 0.51).ConclusionLSDI gives reproducible ADC measurements in the lumbar discs, largely independent of b‐value and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) when used with noise correction and FS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:482–488. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voluntary muscle activation, contractile properties, and fatigability in children with and without cerebral palsy
Authors: Stackhouse Scott K. , Binder‐Macleod Stuart A. , Lee Samuel C. K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) may lead to profound weakness in affected portions of the extremities and trunk. Knowing the mechanisms underlying muscle weakness will help to better design interventions for increasing force production in children with CP. This study quantified voluntary muscle activation, contractile properties, and fatigability of the quadriceps femoris and triceps surae in children with and without CP. Twelve children with CP (7–13 years) and 10 unaffected children (controls, 8–12 years) were assessed for (1) voluntary muscle activation during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs); (2) antagonist coactivation during agonist MVICs; (3) contractile properties, and (4) fatigability using electrically elicited tests. Children with CP were significantly weaker, had lower agonist voluntary muscle activation, and greater antagonist coactivation. In children with CP, the quadriceps normalized force–frequency relationship (FFR) was shifted upward at low frequencies and was less fatigable than controls. No differences were seen between groups in the normalized FFR and fatigability of the triceps surae. In addition, no differences were seen in the sum of the time to peak tension and half‐relaxation times between groups for either muscle. Because children with CP demonstrated large deficits in voluntary muscle activation, using voluntary contractions for strength training may not produce forces sufficient to induce muscle hypertrophy. Techniques such as enhanced feedback and neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be helpful for strengthening muscles that cannot be sufficiently recruited with voluntary effort. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Induced refolding of a temperature denatured llama heavy‐chain antibody fragment by its antigen
Authors: Dolk Edward , van Vliet Cees , Perez Janice M.J. , Vriend Gert , Darbon Hervé , Ferrat Gilles , Cambillau Christian , Frenken Leon G.J. , Verrips Theo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn a previous study we have shown that llama VHH antibody fragments are able to bind their antigen after a heat shock of 90°C, in contrast to the murine monoclonal antibodies. However, the molecular mechanism by which antibody:antigen interaction occurs under these extreme conditions remains unclear. To examine in more detail the structural and thermodynamic aspects of the binding mechanism, an extensive CD, ITC, and NMR study was initiated. In this study the interaction between the llama VHH ‐R2 fragment and its antigen, the dye Reactive Red‐6 (RR6) has been explored. The data show clearly that most of the VHH‐R2 population at 80°C is in an unfolded conformation. In contrast, CD spectra representing the complex between VHH‐R2 and the dye remained the same up to 80°C. Interestingly, addition of the dye to the denatured VHH‐R2 at 80°C yielded the spectrum of the native complex. These results suggest an induced refolding of denatured VHH‐R2 by its antigen under these extreme conditions. This induced refolding showed some similarities with the well established “induced fit” mechanism of antibody–antigen interactions at ambient temperature. However, the main difference with the “induced fit” mechanism is that at the start of the addition of the antigen most of the VHH molecules are in an unfolded conformation. The refolding capability under these extreme conditions and the stable complex formation make VHHs useful in a wide variety of applications. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the aggregation of the core‐recognition motif of the islet amyloid polypeptide in explicit water
Authors: Colombo Giorgio , Daidone Isabella , Gazit Ehud , Amadei Andrea , Di Nola Alfredo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe formation of amyloid fibrils is associated with major human diseases. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism that directs the nucleation of these fibrils is not fully understood. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to study the initial self‐assembly stages of the NH2‐NFGAIL‐COOH peptide, the core‐recognition motif of the type II diabetes associated islet amyloid polypeptide. The simulations were performed using multiple replicas of the monomers in explicit water, in a confined box starting from a random distribution of the peptides at T = 300 K and T = 340 K. At both temperatures the formation of unique clusters was observed after a few nanoseconds. Structural analysis of the clusters clearly suggested the formation of “flat” ellipsoid‐shaped clusters through a preferred locally parallel alignment of the peptides. The unique assembly is facilitated by a preference for an extended conformation of the peptides and by intermolecular aromatic interactions. Taken together, our results may provide a description of the molecular recognition determinants involved in fibril formation, in terms of the atomic detailed structure of nascent aggregates. These observations may yield information on new ways to control this process for either materials development or drug design. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of μ‐opioid receptor agonists and antagonists with the analgesic effect of buprenorphine in mice
Authors: Kögel Babette , Christoph Thomas , Straβburger Wolfgang , Friderichs Elmar 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBuprenorphine is a potent opioid analgesic with partial agonistic properties at μ‐opioid receptors. This study investigated the interaction potential with several full μ‐agonists in the tail‐flick test in mice. We further examined the reversibility of buprenorphine antinociception by different μ‐opioid receptor antagonists.Combination of buprenorphine with morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone and fentanyl in the analgesic dose range resulted in additive or synergistic effects. When given after the decline of the acute buprenorphine effect, both morphine and fentanyl also showed full efficacy. A moderate antagonistic effect according to the partial μ‐agonistic properties of buprenorphine was only seen when high doses exceeding the therapeutic dose ranges were combined. Under these conditions antinociception of morphine was reduced to the effect of buprenorphine alone.Prophylactic administration of naloxone (10 mg/kg i.v.), naltrexone (1 mg/kg i.v.) and clocinnamox (5 mg/kg s.c.) fully and persistently blocked the antinociception of a high dose of buprenorphine. An established effect of buprenorphine was less sensitive, although repeated administration of naloxone induced complete antagonism, as did the irreversible antagonist clocinnamox under prophylactic and curative treatment conditions.Our results suggest that the antinociceptive effect of buprenorphine is mainly, if not exclusively, mediated by activation of μ‐opioid receptors. They confirm clinical experience that in the analgesic dose range a switch between buprenorphine and full μ‐agonists is possible without loss of analgesic efficacy and without a refractory period between the termination of buprenorphine analgesia and the onset of action of the new μ‐opioid treatment.Antinociception of buprenorphine is sensitive towards μ‐opioid receptor antagonists and incomplete inhibition can be improved by increasing the dose or repetitive dosing.
Psychosexual Faith
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The Song of Songs, the sin in Eden, and Mary Magdalen are discussed as prelude to a fundamental paradox of mysticism: the love of God by female mystics vowed to virginity is represented as corporal and erotic. In a section on “the return of the repressed,” an exploration of the visionary experiences of many medieval and early modern beatas, nuns, and saints illustrates how forbidden sexuality gains expression in relations with Christ, often as a child. The chapter concludes by surveying various arguments of why virginal mysticism is experienced and represented in corporal, erotic, and matrimonial tropes.
The Perils of Modernity
Authors: Shea William M. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines the differences between evangelical Protestants and Catholics in coping with modernism in the 20th century. It focuses on the cultural changes that had the most immediate and direct effect on them, and elicited their most vigorous negative responses. “Modernity” represents the antireligious ideological factors in the changes in the West since the Enlightenment.
Nativism and Politics
Authors: Shea William M. 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Evangelicalism and nativism have been inextricably linked throughout American history. It is argued that evangelical Protestantism is not nativist; in fact, its theology runs counter to nativism. The theological arguments of four influential American Protestants on the political and cultural incompatibility of the Catholic Church and American ideals and political practice are presented.
The People of God
Authors: Shevzov Vera 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the debates about church and community that emerged in 1905. It briefly discusses the legislation that was the basis of the institutional structure of the Russian Orthodox Church, namely the Spiritual Regulation of Peter the Great. It then turns to the tensions emerging in the theological realm, epitomized by the contrast between the thought of the bishop of Moscow Makarii Bulgakov, and lay theologian, Slavophile and landowner Aleksei Khomiakov. This is followed by a discussion on the competing ecclesial views of two Orthodox canon lawyers, A.A. Papkov and I.S. Berdnikov.