bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualized driver amplitude in liver MR elastography: a linear regression study
Authors: Zhai Ya-nan , Liu Nian-jun , Wen Xiao-xiao , Zhuang Xin , Li Jian-lin , Wei Xiao-cheng , Guo Shun-lin 
Published: February 2024

Background Current liver magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) scans often require adjustments to driver amplitude to produce acceptable images. This could lead to time wastage and the potential loss of an opportunity to capture a high-quality image. Purpose To construct a linear regression model of individualized driver amplitude to improve liver MRE image quality. Material and Methods Data from 95 liver MRE scans of 61 participants, including abdominal missing volume ratio (AMVR), breath-holding status, the distance from the passive driver on the skin surface to the liver edge (Dd−l), body mass index (BMI), and lateral deflection of the passive driver with respect to the human sagittal plane (Angle α), were continuously collected. The Spearman correlation analysis and lasso regression were conducted to screen the independent variables. Multiple linear regression equations were developed to determine the optimal amplitude prediction model. Results The optimal formula for linear regression models: driver amplitude (%) = −16.80 + 78.59 × AMVR − 11.12 × breath-holding (end of expiration = 1, end of inspiration = 0) + 3.16 × Dd−l + 1.94 × BMI + 0.34 × angle α, with the model passing the F test ( F = 22.455, P <0.001) and R2 value of 0.558. Conclusion The individualized amplitude prediction model based on AMVR, breath-holding status, Dd−l, BMI, and angle α is a valuable tool in liver MRE examination.
Decolonising the Civilian in Third World National Liberation Wars
Authors: Perugini Nicola 
Published: February 2024

Within international humanitarian law (IHL) the legal figure of the civilian is conceived as a passive victim of war in need of protection, while civilians who become actively involved in hostilities lose their protections. The distinction between civilians and combatants is accordingly a fundamental principle informing IHL and is considered a standard of civilisation and humane warfare. This paper interrogates what happens when this standard is applied to anticolonial wars, where entire civilian populations participated in self-emancipatory violence and actively blurred this distinction in order to advance their own liberation. Advancing a theory aimed at decolonising the legal figure of the civilian, I analyse the specific nature of anticolonial violence and the call of anticolonial thinkers to deliberately undermine the distinction between civilians and combatants. Building on the ethos of civilian participation articulated by different anticolonial thinkers and adopting a ‘revisionist’ approach, I argue that the passive conception of the civilian at the heart of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols faces the risk of outlawing anticolonial violence and its political ethos of liberation. Décoloniser la figure du civil dans les guerres de libération nationale du tiers monde
Return to Sport After Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Forearm: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gawel Richard J. , Wang YuChia , Kemler Bryson R. , Coladonato Carlo , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Freedman Kevin B. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Forearm chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) can represent considerable functional impairment in certain active populations, particularly motorcycle racers. Patients with forearm CECS frequently require fasciotomy to relieve symptoms and return to sport (RTS). Purpose: To evaluate the rate at which athletes RTS after fasciotomy for forearm CECS and to compare RTS outcomes between fasciotomy techniques. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic review of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was performed from database inception to December 2022 to identify all published reports of forearm CECS managed with fasciotomy. Included studies were analyzed for demographic information, surgical approaches, rehabilitation parameters, RTS rates, time from surgery at which athletes resumed sport, complications, and recurrence. Results: A total of 38 studies (15 level 4 case series, 23 case reports) accounting for 500 patients (831 forearms) who underwent open fasciotomy (112 patients), minimally invasive fasciotomy (166 patients), and endoscopically assisted fasciotomy (222 patients) satisfied inclusion criteria. Most patients (88.0%) were motorcycle racers. The overall RTS rate at any level (RTS-A) was 94.2% (97.3%, 92.2%, and 98.5% for the open fasciotomy, minimally invasive fasciotomy, and endoscopically assisted fasciotomy groups, respectively; P = .010), and the overall RTS at preinjury level or higher was 86.8% (95.9%, 85.6%, and 95.2% for the open fasciotomy, minimally invasive fasciotomy, and endoscopically assisted fasciotomy groups, respectively; P = .132). There was a significant difference in RTS-A between the minimally invasive fasciotomy and endoscopically assisted fasciotomy groups ( P = .004). The overall RTS time was 5.1 ± 2.3 weeks, patient satisfaction was 85.1%, and the recurrence rate was 2.4%, and there were no significant differences between fasciotomy approach groups ( P = .456, P = .886, and P = .487, respectively). Conclusion: Patients who underwent fasciotomy for forearm CECS had high rates of RTS, quick RTS time, high levels of satisfaction, and low rates of recurrence. Outcomes were largely similar between the 3 fasciotomy approaches.
The Effect of Varying Sizes of Ramp Lesions in the ACL-Deficient and Reconstructed Knee: A Biomechanical Robotic Investigation
Authors: Deichsel Adrian , Miets Henrike , Peez Christian , Raschke Michael J. , Klimek Matthias , Glasbrenner Johannes , Herbst Elmar , Kittl Christoph 
Published: February 2024

Background: Conflicting evidence has been reported regarding the biomechanical relevance of ramp lesions (RLs) on knee kinematics. Furthermore, the influence of the defect size of the RLs on anterior tibial translation (ATT) and external rotation (ER) is currently unknown. Purpose: To evaluate the influence of RL defect size on knee kinematics in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and after simulated ACL reconstruction (sACLR). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight cadaveric knee specimens were tested in a 6 degrees of freedom robotic test setup. Force-controlled clinical laxity tests were performed with 200 N of axial compression in 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion: 5 N·m internal rotation (IR)/ER torque, 134 N ATT force, and an anteromedial drawer test consisting of 134 N ATT force under 5 N·m ER torque. After determining the native knee kinematics, the ACL was cut at the tibial insertion, followed by a transosseous refixation to simulate a surgical repair or reconstruction (simulated ACL reconstruction; sACLR). An RL was sequentially created with a length of 1, 2, and 3 cm. Each state of the RL was evaluated in the ACL-deficient state and after sACLR. Results: In the ACL-deficient state, only an RL of 3 cm length resulted in a significant increase of ATT in 30° of flexion (mean difference 0.73 mm; 95% CI, 0.36-1.1 mm). After sACLR, an RL had no significant effect. When looking at ER, an RL significantly increased ER in full extension in the ACL-deficient state in 2 cm (mean difference 0.9°; 95% CI, 0.08°-1.74°) and 3 cm length (mean difference 1.9°; 95% CI, 0.57-3.25). Furthermore, a 3-cm RL significantly increased IR in 0° of flexion in the ACL-deficient state (mean difference 1.9°; 95% CI, 0.2°-3.6°). No effect of ramp lesions on rotation was found after sACLR. Conclusion: RLs result in a small increase in ATT, ER, and IR in ACL-deficient knees at early flexion angles, but not after sACLR. Clinical Relevance: Small RLs did not change time-zero knee kinematics and may, therefore, be left untreated, especially when the ACL is reconstructed.
Robot-assisted ureteric reconstructive surgeries for benign diseases: Initial single-center experience with point of technique
Authors: Shrivastava Nikita , Bhargava Priyank , Jain Pritesh , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Jena Rahul , Singh Mahendra , Navriya Shivcharan , Madduri Vijay Kumar Sarma , Bhirud Deepak Prakash , Sandhu Arjun Singh 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: We present our initial experience with robot-assisted reconstructive surgeries with the Da Vinci Xi robotic system for benign ureteric pathologies. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients who underwent robot-assisted reconstructive procedures for benign diseases of the ureter at our department from April 2018 to November 2022. Demographic and perioperative details were recorded. Patients were followed up and surgical success was evaluated on the basis of symptomatic, functional, and radiological improvement. Results: A total of 34 patients underwent robot-assisted reconstructions for benign ureteric pathologies by various techniques. Mean age, body mass index (BMI), hospital stay and follow-up duration were 36 years, 24.1 kg/m2, 5.29 days, and 7.08 months respectively. Procedures included pyeloplasty in eight, primary ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) in seven, Psoas hitch UNC in five, Boari flap UNC in six, Ureteroureterostomy in four, ureterocalicostomy in two and ileal ureteral transposition in two patients. Mean docking time, total operative time, and estimated blood loss were 31.5 min, 178 min, and 64.3 ml, respectively. All patients had radiologic or functional improvement on follow-up after 6 months. Conclusion: Robot-assisted reconstructive surgery for benign ureteric and bladder pathologies imparted excellent short-term outcomes without major complications with all the advantages of a minimally invasive approach.
Single dartos flap versus double dartos flap in hypospadias repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis and fragility index
Authors: Borkar Nitinkumar , Tiwari Charu , Nair Abhijit , Sinha CK , Ratan Simmi K , Naredi Bikash Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Hypospadias is a common congenital urogenital anomaly. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, still it presents challenges in management. An important aspect of hypospadias repair is the use of protective layers to cover neourethra. This review focuses on comparing the Single Dartos Flap (SDF) and Double Dartos Flap (DDF) techniques, used to cover the neourethra. These techniques differ in terms of the number of dartos layers used to cover the neourethra. Methods: This systematic review, follows PRISMA guidelines, included six RCTs from PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Patients with hypospadias repair with use of SDF or DDF were analyzed for outcome, Urethrocutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis, glans dehiscence, penile torsion and cosmetic outcomes. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager, with TSA and FI ensuring result robustness. Results: Six studies met inclusion criteria, and risk of bias assessment indicated low risk across all domains. Meta-analysis results favored DDF over SDF for reducing urethrocutaneous fistula (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.20–0.68) but showed no significant difference in meatal stenosis and glans dehiscence. DDF also associated with lower risk of penile torsion (RR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.35). Conclusion: The systematic review, based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), provides evidence supporting the use of DDF over SDF in hypospadias repair, particularly in distal hypospadias using the TIP procedure. The article emphasizes the potential advantages of DDF in reducing UCF but further robust evidence is needed to confirm these results based on the findings of TSA and FI.
Latin American Neostructuralism and Its Differentiation from Latin American Structuralism
Authors: Ormaechea Emilia 
Published: February 2024

Latin American neostructuralism emerged within the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean by 1990. As such, it was aimed at reviewing original Latin American structuralism and updating those contributions to the new phase of global capitalism. Notwithstanding this institutional point of view, this article argues that neostructuralism did not represent an update to Latin American structuralism but rather a differentiation from its critical and original contributions, which relies mainly on the displacement of the center-periphery concept. In the framework of the neoliberal offensive, this change toward capitalism was the result of the greater influence of theories and approaches generated in the center to problematize Latin America’s development, as well as of the requirement to depoliticize the discussion of development. JEL Classification: B2, B5, O1
Participants’ Experiences With a Community Based Participatory Research Produce Prescription Program: Findings From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Suh Courtney Kimi , Huliganga Abigail , Collymore Jeriann , Desai Naomi , Mora Mary , Hatchett Lena 
Published: February 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore a food-insecure, low income, predominantly African American community’s experiences with a produce prescription program (PPP). Design Researchers conducted 3 focus groups and 4 individual interviews with Maywood Veggie Rx (VRxM) participants asking questions about the logistics of the program while also exploring ideas around health, food, and community. Setting This produce prescription program took place in Maywood, Illinois which is an urban underserved community with 23.5 K people, most of whom are Black/African American (61%) and Hispanic (32%). Participants The 24 participants interviewed through focus groups and individual interviews were enrolled in the 2021-2022 VRxM program. Participants were mainly female, with only three participants being males. Ages ranged between 34 and 74 years of age with a mean age of 56.3. Method Qualitative data from transcripts were then coded via a grounded theory approach to identify common themes. Results A research team of seven including the two Co-PIs, three medical students and two dietetic interns identified 278 codes which were then condensed into 117 codes and then placed into 9 categories. Researchers identified three recurrent themes among the experiences of VRxM participants: (1) trust building, (2) culturally relevant and adaptive nutrition education, and (3) bidirectional feedback. These three themes mirror many of the principles of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR). Conclusion The study findings identify common themes among the experiences of VRxM which are in line with the collaborative approach of CBPR principles. Produce Prescription Programs should utilize CBPR principles in the creation and implementation of programming to improve the participant experience. Future research should include additional focus groups on new iterations of VRxM and should also include those people who chose not to participate in VRxM to explore barriers to participation.
Factors Associated With Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of Adolescents, Young Adults, and Parents’ Intention to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Rosen Brittany L. , Meisman Andrea , Sun Quin , Real Francis J. , Steller Alyssa , Chandler Emmanuel , Crosby Lori , Frenck Robert , Klein Melissa , Kahn Jessica A. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose Identify variables, including moderating variables, associated with adolescents, young adults, and parents’ intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine in January 2021. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting United States Midwestern academic medical center. Sample Adolescents (n = 242); young adults (n = 333); parents (n = 563). Measures Associations between predictors—participant characteristics, general vaccine hesitancy, COVID-19 and vaccine knowledge, perceptions, and normative beliefs—and intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (outcome) were assessed. To determine variables impacting the strength of the relationship between predictors and outcome, moderators included 2020/2021 influenza vaccine receipt, having experienced discrimination, and primary sources of information for COVID-19. Analysis Multivariable logistic regression examined associations, including moderating effects, for adolescents, young adults, parents, and parents for child. Results With 20,231 email addresses receiving the survey, 1138 participants were included in the analysis. Intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine was reported by 60.7% adolescents (n = 147), 65.2% young adults (n = 217), and 38.5% parents (n = 217) and 38.2% parents (n = 215) intended to vaccinate their child. Intention was associated with lower general vaccine hesitancy for adolescents (AOR = 1.50), young adults (AOR = 1.39), parents (AOR = 1.18), and parents’ intention for their child (AOR = 1.17). Parents citing reputable medical experts as primary source of COVID-19 information positively moderated vaccine perceptions and intention for self (AOR = 8.25) and child (AOR = 6.37). Conclusion Clinician training to address vaccine hesitancy may be effective at promoting positive COVID-19 vaccine perceptions.
‘Taliban’s Rise’ and the South Asian Anxiety: India’s Strategic Recalibration
Authors: Bhattacharya Ipshita 
Published: February 2024

The Asian security crisis vis-a-vis Afghanistan and the unravelling regional dynamics are undoubtedly security concerns for the South Asian (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka) region. This is leading to a future, predicting intensifying geopolitical strife and emerging uncertainties causing crucial dynamics for South Asia. Re-emergence of the Taliban with the rebooting of its fanatic and orthodox ideologies may severely impact the South Asian region. Taliban’s handholding with Al-Qaeda and other fundamental terrorist organisations in the region will breathe more life to the radical groups and the separatists inspiring them to be more dominant in the region. The porous and the disputed borders with the ethnic connections within the region will make it easy to establish a robust mechanism, for the growth of the Taliban’s fundamentalist ideologies across South Asian countries. Another significant and the most crucial dynamic is Afghanistan and Pakistan’s coupling that has been the most dreaded confluence over the decades. This relation has been highly convoluted and has been the facilitator of various terrorist organisations in the past. In the recent perspective, this fusion will be giving more drastic leverages to the militant organisations posing a severe threat before South Asian countries. The bond between the Taliban factions and the active terrorist outfits in Kashmir in India will vigorously facilitate resources in the form of more recruits and weapons providing more power to these groups. The proposed study will be divided into two parts the first part will explore India’s posture in ensuring peace and stability in the region and the second part will deal with a probe into New Delhi’s recalibration of strategies vis-a-vis Afghanistan in the present context.
Mirikizumab: A New Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Choi David , Sheridan Hilary , Bhat Shubha 
Published: February 2024

Objective: To review the pharmacologic and clinical profile of mirikizumab in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Data sources: A PubMed search was performed from inception to December 2023 using keywords mirikizumab, interleukin-23 inhibitor, and UC. Information was also obtained from package inserts as well as published abstracts. Study selection and data extraction: Phase 3 studies plus relevant literature on mirikizumab pharmacologic and clinical profile were reviewed. Data synthesis: Mirikizumab approval was based on LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2. In the phase 3 studies involving patients with moderate to severe UC, mirikizumab, when compared to placebo, resulted in clinical remission in a significantly higher proportion of patients in both the induction and maintenance phase. In addition, mirikizumab met the secondary endpoints of alternate definition of clinical remission, endoscopic remission, glucocorticoid-free clinical remission, histologic-endoscopic mucosal remission, and improvement in bowel urgency status, bowel-urgency remission, and maintenance of clinical remission. Common adverse events noted include infection (15.1%), injection-site reaction (8.7%), nasopharyngitis (7.2%), and headache (3.3%). Relevance to patient care and clinical practice in comparison to existing agents: Mirikizumab is the first selective interleukin 23 (IL-23) inhibitor approved for UC. Additional studies are required to determine how to position mirikizumab in both biologic-naïve and biologic-experienced patients with moderate to severe UC. Conclusion: Mirikizumab provides a novel mechanism of action for the treatment of moderate to severe UC and is another welcomed treatment advance in the treatment arsenal, providing a more selective mechanism of action while maintaining a comparable safety profile.
Pilot Training Program on Hands-Only CPR and Choking First Aid for Frontline Police Responders in Rural Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ghan B. , Sapkota Roshan , Thapa Anjana , Sharma Rajesh , Lubetkin Derek , Lubetkin Camille , Nesemann Samuel , Kharel Ramu 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Basic life support (BLS) is an emergency skill that includes performing appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is rising in Nepal. After an OHCA event, a bystander starting CPR quickly has been shown to increase the survival rate. While the Nepali police are generally the first responders to emergencies in rural parts, they are not trained in BLS. This program assesses a pilot training of hands-only CPR and choking first aid to the Nepal Police and Nepal Army participants in rural Nepal. Methods A community-based nonprofit organization, HAPSA-Nepal, coordinated with local government to pilot this program. The program included pre- and post-tests, lectures, videos, and small group hands-on exercises; facilitators included faculty emergency physicians, residents, and medical officers. Structured pre- andp post-test questionnaires, confidence surveys, and skills checklists were conducted. Descriptive analysis examined the respondent's characteristics, and paired t-test was used to compare pretest and post-test scores. Results A total of 126 participants received the training in this pilot phase. Prior to this training, 98.4% of the participants had not received any CPR training, and 100% of the participants had not received training on first aid for choking. The average pretest score was 4.4 with 95% CI ± 1.75, and the average post-test score was 8.06 with 95% CI ± 1.73 (out of a total of 11). All participants passed the skills assessment. Conclusions Locally adapted BLS training programs that included hands-only CPR and choking first aid showed a significant knowledge gain and skills competence among the frontline participants.