bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment with simultaneous measurements at two optical wavelengths in the FG5X absolute gravimeter
Authors: Křen Petr , Pálinkáš Vojtech , Hald Jan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The FG5X gravimeters are the most accurate commercially available absolute gravimeters at present. They traditionally use one optical wavelength in their interferometer to measure the gravity acceleration of the freely falling test mass in a vacuum. In this paper, for the first time, it is demonstrated the possibility to track the test mass simultaneously with two optical wavelengths of 633 nm and 771 nm and to evaluate the gravity acceleration from both these measurements. We show the technical solution, mathematical methods and error sources that have to be taken into account for the realization of simultaneous interferometric measurements. The achieved results show agreement of the gravity accelerations at the level of 2–4 microgals and increased low-frequency noise in residuals at 771 nm due to optical optimisation of a gravimeter to the wavelength of 633 nm. We evaluated the sensitivity of gravity measurements to the used wavelength as a new contribution in the uncertainty budget that for the FG5X gravimeter reached 0.25 μGal and 2 μGal at wavelengths of 633 nm and 771 nm, respectively. Further, we discuss that the optimisation of a gravimeter to a certain wavelength is related to the applied antireflective coating on the optical elements of the gravimeter among them the glass retroreflector plays the key role since its movements being dominant.
Can physics influence world trade?
Authors: Wen Xiaojing , Korsun Igor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of our study is to demonstrate the possibilities of forming students’ interdisciplinary thinking using the analysis of real events. In March 2021, maritime traffic in the Suez Canal was blocked for six days by a container ship. It led to delays in the delivery of goods of approximately 400 million dollars per hour. To analyze this event we used knowledge from seven areas of science: physics, geography, chemistry, engineering, geology, astronomy, economics. The use of an integrated approach made it possible to formulate the consequences of the accident, determine the possible causes of the accident, and substantiate the expediency of the methods of rescue operations. We analyzed only the given facts in news from a scientific point of view. Our analysis does not draw any final conclusions. Project-based learning is proposed as a teaching method in our case. It involves independent work with various sources of information, analysis and systematization of facts from various branches of science, compilation of a list of key words for each branch of science, formulation of conclusions. These skills are useful for the formation of interdisciplinary thinking.
Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation
Authors: Shiraishi Yuta , Matsuya Yusuke , Kusumoto Tamon , Fukunaga Hisanori 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) with ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation (i.e. > 40 Gy s−1) spares the function of normal tissues while preserving antitumor efficacy, known as the FLASH effect. The biological effects after conventional dose rate-radiotherapy (CONV-RT) with ≤0.1 Gy s−1 have been well modeled by considering microdosimetry and DNA repair processes, meanwhile modeling of radiosensitivities under UHDR irradiation is insufficient. Here, we developed an integrated microdosimetric-kinetic (IMK) model for UHDR-irradiation enabling the prediction of surviving fraction after UHDR irradiation. Approach. The IMK model for UHDR-irradiation considers the initial DNA damage yields by the modification of indirect effects under UHDR compared to CONV dose rate. The developed model is based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) nature with the dose and dose square coefficients, considering the reduction of DNA damage yields as a function of dose rate. Main results. The estimate by the developed model could successfully reproduce the in vitro experimental dose–response curve for various cell line types and dose rates. Significance. The developed model would be useful for predicting the biological effects under the UHDR irradiation.
A review of three-dimensional structure-controlled InGaN quantum wells for efficient visible polychromatic light emitters
Authors: Funato Mitsuru , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews the development of three-dimensional (3D) structure-controlled InGaN quantum wells (QWs) for highly efficient multiwavelength emitters without using phosphors. Specifically, two representative structures are reviewed: 3D structures composed of stable planes with low surface energies and 3D structures composed of unstable planes. In the early stage of the research, 3D structures were grown on the (0001) polar plane through the selective area growth (SAG) technique based on metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Because GaN cannot grow on dielectric masks, different mask patterns were used to create various 3D facetted structures composed of stable facet planes. The InGaN QW parameters depend on the facet planes, which led to polychromatic emission, including white-light emission. After polychromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the (0001) polar plane were demonstrated, 3D QWs and LEDs were also demonstrated on the (

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) semipolar plane through SAG. There, the (0001) facet plane was excluded; consequently, all the facet QWs showed short radiative recombination lifetimes, which are beneficial for future applications in visible-light communication. To further enhance the controllability of the emission spectra from 3D QWs or LEDs, convex-lens-shaped 3D structures have been proposed. The smooth surface of such structures is composed of unstable planes and has continuously varying crystal tilts. Because QW parameters are dependent on the crystal tilt, polychromatic emission is achieved. This method demonstrates greater flexibility of the structure design, which is expected to result in greater controllability of emission spectra.
Reflection modulation generated by scale-free network resonator periodic structure
Authors: Chen Yong , Yuan Xujin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The pattern of resonator in a periodical array is decisive for its response under impinging electromagnetic wave. A scale-free network resonator is proposed by connecting sub-units in the form of scale free network. Scale-free network resonator array’s reflectivity near resonant frequency could be modulated at arbitrary value between zero and unity, which is different from known resonator array or frequency selective surface. Reflection amplitude modulation could generate rich behaviors, as effective medium property in wide band could be maintained near zero constant, which means zero phase shift and is favorable in radar radome structure. S-parameter analysis indicates amplitude modulation is owing to polarization conversion generated by network links. Scale-free network resonator array has application potentials in future radar radomes, electromagnetic wave lens and microwave antenna panels.
EEG electrode localization with 3D iPhone scanning using point-cloud electrode selection (PC-ES)
Authors: Everitt Alicia , Richards Haley , Song Yinchen , Smith Joel , Kobylarz Erik , Lukovits Timothy , Halter Ryan , Murphy Ethan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Electroencephalography source imaging (ESI) is a valuable tool in clinical evaluation for epilepsy patients but is underutilized in part due to sensitivity to anatomical modeling errors. Accurate localization of scalp electrodes is instrumental to ESI, but existing localization devices are expensive and not portable. As a result, electrode localization challenges further impede access to ESI, particularly in inpatient and intensive care settings. Approach. To address this challenge, we present a portable and affordable electrode digitization method using the 3D scanning feature in modern iPhone models. This technique combines iPhone scanning with semi-automated image processing using point-cloud electrode selection (PC-ES), a custom MATLAB desktop application. We compare iPhone electrode localization to state-of-the-art photogrammetry technology in a human study with over 6000 electrodes labeled using each method. We also characterize the performance of PC-ES with respect to head location and examine the relative impact of different algorithm parameters. Main Results. The median electrode position variation across reviewers was 1.50 mm for PC-ES scanning and 0.53 mm for photogrammetry, and the average median distance between PC-ES and photogrammetry electrodes was 3.4 mm. These metrics demonstrate comparable performance of iPhone/PC-ES scanning to currently available technology and sufficient accuracy for ESI. Significance. Low cost, portable electrode localization using iPhone scanning removes barriers to ESI in inpatient, outpatient, and remote care settings. While PC-ES has current limitations in user bias and processing time, we anticipate these will improve with software automation techniques as well as future developments in iPhone 3D scanning technology.
The EEG complexity, information integration and brain network changes in minimally conscious state patients during general anesthesia
Authors: Liang Zhenhu , Lan Zhilei , Wang Yong , Bai Yang , He Jianghong , Wang Juan , Li Xiaoli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. General anesthesia (GA) can induce reversible loss of consciousness. Nonetheless, the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of patients with minimally consciousness state (MCS) during GA are seldom observed. Approach. We recorded EEG data from nine MCS patients during GA. We used the permutation Lempel–Ziv complexity (PLZC), permutation fluctuation complexity (PFC) to quantify the type I and II complexities. Additionally, we used permutation cross mutual information (PCMI) and PCMI-based brain network to investigate functional connectivity and brain networks in sensor and source spaces. Main results. Compared to the preoperative resting state, during the maintenance of surgical anesthesia state, PLZC decreased (p < 0.001), PFC increased (p < 0.001) and PCMI decreased (p < 0.001) in sensor space. The results for these metrics in source space are consistent with sensor space. Additionally, node network indicators nodal clustering coefficient (NCC) (p < 0.001) and nodal efficiency (NE) (p < 0.001) decreased in these two spaces. Global network indicators normalized average path length (

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) (p < 0.01) and modularity (Q) (p < 0.05) only decreased in sensor space, while the normalized average clustering coefficient (

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/

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) and small-world index (

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) did not change significantly. Moreover, the dominance of hub nodes is reduced in frontal regions in these two spaces. After recovery of consciousness, PFC decreased in the two spaces, while PLZC, PCMI increased. NCC, NE, and frontal region hub node dominance increased only in the sensor space. These indicators did not return to preoperative levels. In contrast, global network indicators

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and Q were not significantly different from the preoperative resting state in sensor space. Significance. GA alters the complexity of the EEG, decreases information integration, and is accompanied by a reconfiguration of brain networks in MCS patients. The PLZC, PFC, PCMI and PCMI-based brain network metrics can effectively differentiate the state of consciousness of MCS patients during GA.
Countermeasures against polygonal deformation of borehole in reaming process
Authors: Ryu T , Nakae T , Matsuzaki K , Matsumoto Y , Tsukamoto K , Hirata N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Reaming is a processing method for widening pilot holes such as drill holes and press holes to obtain a highly accurate finish. However, in machining using a regular-pitch reamer, polygonal deformation of the borehole occurs. This deformation is also called a spiral mark because the polygonal shape twists in the feed direction. Although several papers have dealt with vibration phenomena during reaming, countermeasures to date have not been sufficient. In previous studies, the authors considered polygonal deformation of a machined hole during reaming as a self-excited vibration caused by a time delay and clarified its mechanism. In the present study, we theoretically and experimentally investigated the suppression of polygonal deformation by optimizing the angular arrangement of the cutting edges of irregular-pitch reamers for an 8-flute reamer. In addition, we suggested a new evaluation standard to reduce the calculation load and to evaluate the optimum angular arrangement of the irregular-pitch cutting edges of reamers with other numbers of flutes.
Design and fabrication of a wrist splint for burn patient rehabilitation using 3D printing technologies.
Authors: Cann Connor , Saharudin Mohd Shahneel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Severe and common injuries involving burns to the hands and wrists can often lead to permanent loss of motion. The issue is exacerbated by the delicate nature of tendons and muscles in the hands, along with the formation of scar tissue. While rehabilitation exercises can help improve the range of motion, early-stage recovery requires additional tension on the affected areas. To address this concern, a novel project was initiated, aiming to develop a specialized splint for later-stage rehabilitation. This innovative splint allows users to carry out their daily tasks while wearing it, constantly applying a beneficial load on the wrist, hand, and digits to enhance range of motion. The development of the splint involved leveraging Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing and medically safe materials for the initial prototype. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to analyze the design. The process underwent iterative design improvements and parameter adjustments, ultimately resulting in the final prototype. The FEA analysis confirmed the strength and durability of the PLA components, while the TPU digit resistance bands were evaluated using a hyper-elastic model. As a result, the final design effectively applies tension to the digits without compromising day-to-day tasks’ usability and wearer’s comfort. Future iterations of the splint could focus on enhancing fastening methods, reducing brace movement during usage, creating various sizes to accommodate different arm/hand dimensions, and optimizing mass-manufacturing processes.
Development of Variable-Line Balancing Chart by Risk Assessment Using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Ismail Mohd Shihabudin , Ishak Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul , Yahaya Nor Zaiazmin , Hussain Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad , Radzali Mohd Adzrie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Line Balancing Chart is one of the most used lean tools for determining cycle time (CT) and lead time (LT) in the production line processes flow, from raw material input until finished product output. However, for traditional Line Balancing Chart, only the average (mean) CT and LT are considered which causing inconsistent performance of the actual production line throughput rate (productivity). In this study, Variable-Line Balancing Chart (V-LBC) is introduced by considering the dynamic CT and LT in a form of (Minimum, Most Likely (mean), Maximum) for each process involved in the production line. The risk assessment for Value-added (VAA) and non-value added (NVAA) events in the flow are also considered for this V-LBC. A Monte Carlo simulation by using @Risk software is utilized to simulate each process CT distribution capability. As a result, each process in the V-LBC could be represented in horizontal and vertical time variables that involve a variable CT (VAA and NVAA) and risk assessment using Risk Assessment-Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (RA-FMEA) approach. The actual root cause led to the process variation also could be identified more accurately from the V-LBC. Hence the correct action could be taken in order to reduce the variation which indirectly increase the production line productivity.
Biodegradation and swelling behaviour of cellulose-based plastic incorporation of pennisetum purpureum, chitosan and gelatine
Authors: Rohadi Tuan Nurain Tuan , Jamir Mohd Ridzuan Mohd , Majid Mohd Shukry Abdul , Mamat Normahira , Hussain Haja Syed , Xuan Yeo Yi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper reports on the biodegradation and swelling behaviour of cellulose-based plastic incorporation of Pennisetum purpureum (PS), chitosan and gelatine. Cellulose-based plastic (CP) was obtained from chitosan and gelatin; and from the cortex (CPS), pith (PPS), and whole (WPS) of Pennisetum purpureum (PS). The films were prepared by solution casting with untreated, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20% alkali-treated cellulose of CPS, PPS, and WPS. The ASTM D5988-method was used to conduct the CP biodegradation tests. The swelling behaviour test was performed to measure the swelling percentage for each CP samples in aqueous solution with different pH values. The results reveal that the biodegradation of untreated CPS (60.30%), untreated WPS (49.74%), and untreated PPS (CP) showed the biggest relative weight reduction. CP added with the 8, and 16% alkali-treated cellulose of CPS, and PPS continues swelling in the solution of pH 7 throughout 24 hours of analysis. Increasing the cellulose loading accelerated the biodegradation rate of the bioplastic films. The results also suggest that the CP with the incorporated cortex (CPS) of Pennisetum purpureum (PS), is the most water-resistant in neutral followed by acid and alkali.
Numerical Investigation of Immersion Cooling Performance for Lithium-ion Polymer (LiPo) Battery: Effects of Dielectric Fluids and Flow Velocity
Authors: Akmal A Z A , Rani M F H , Yinn W K , Ardani M I , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Kamarudin K , Kadir M S A , Murali R , Sunan S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the enhancement of immersion cooling performance for a single 14.6 Ah lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery cell by using air, palm oil, and engineered fluid (3M Novec 7000) as dielectric fluids. The research aims to observe the temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer on the battery cell at a 3C discharge rate, while varying the fluid velocity flow (0 mm/s, 1 mm/s, and 50 mm/s) and fluid types. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software, with heat generation from the LiPo battery simulated using the Newman, Tiedmann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) semi-empirical electrochemical model. Results revealed that palm oil demonstrated the optimum cooling effect, reducing peak temperature to safe operating temperature region by 62.4% within 1020 seconds. Fluid flow velocity strongly influenced temperature distribution and heat transfer rates, with 50 mm/s resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution compared to 1 mm/s and 0 mm/s. The rate of heat transfer was highest at 1 mm/s and intermediate at 50 mm/s. Considering the abundance of palm oil in Malaysia, utilizing it as the dielectric fluid with a 50 mm/s flow velocity yields the best cooling effect for the 14.6 Ah LiPo battery at a 3C discharge rate.
Drill Bit Design and Its Effect on Temperature Distribution and Osteonecrosis During Implant Site Preparation: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Islam Md Ashequl , Kamarrudin Nur Saifullah , Daud Ruslizam , Ibrahim Ishak , Razlan Zuradzman Mohdamad , Rani M. F. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this study, the drilling parameters will be evaluated to obtain optimal parameters in minimizing the impact of drilling damage on synthetic bone blocks. The effect of damage observed in the study is osteonecrosis that occurs in the drill hole for implant site preparation, where a smaller value is desired. The drilling parameters are optimized using the Taguchi method with two control factors: the feed rate and spindle speed; each parameter is designed in five levels. This experiment was then carried out on four different designs of drill bits, i.e., Twist (118°and 135°), spherical, and conical drill bits. While experimental planning uses L25 orthogonal arrays, the “smaller is better” approach is used as a standard analysis. The main findings of this research are 118° point angle twist drill bit is the ideal type of drill bit for bone drilling, as it produces less heat than other types of drill bits. The optimal range of feed rate and drilling speed for bone drilling is 40-60 mm/rev and 1000-1400 RPM, respectively. Combining these parameters helps to minimize heat generation during implant site preparation drilling.
Current status and analysis of the development of SLAM technology applied to mobile robots
Authors: Qiu Yixin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mobile robots are tasked with jobs that assist or replace human work. With the development of technology, mobile robots have had a significant impact on human productive life. As for mobile robots, the core technology is the location awareness of itself. Therefore, this paper analyses the current development state of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology applied to mobile robots. First, the overall process and key technologies were explained in detail. Subsequently, the classical algorithms developed in SLAM technology so far are classified based on the characteristics of information-aware devices in terms of methods as well as a more detailed description and comparative analysis of the algorithms. Finally, this paper analyses the current development status of SLAM and the remaining problems from the key performance indicators of SLAM technology, and interprets the future development trend of SLAM technology applied to mobile robots.
An overview of the development of intelligent materials and active vibration isolation systems for vehicles
Authors: Tu Haoran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Intend to reduce the impact of external vibrations on the smoothness of automotive precision instruments and vehicles and to improve the operational accuracy of automotive precision instruments and the comfort of passenger vehicles, vibration isolation technologies are used and active control systems are applied to vibration isolation systems. The extensive use of smart materials in vibration isolation systems has enabled the design of vehicle structures based on smart materials to meet the suppression of vehicle vibrations well. This paper reviews the application of commonly used smart materials to the field of vehicle vibration damping, summarizes the configuration design of single-axis and multi-axis vibration isolation systems, and develops the thinking behind the application of active control technology to other carriers, pointing out the future research direction of current smart materials for vehicles.
Efficient path planning method based on A-STAR
Authors: Guo Zebang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Path planning is a crucial aspect of agent (robot) automation, as its efficacy directly affects the quality of tasks performed. This paper proposes an innovative and efficient path planning method by merging the advantages of the A-STAR and the artificial potential field (APF) technique. The proposed method of calculation aims to enhance the traditional A-STAR approach by incorporating an artificial potential field system. Specifically, the estimated cost in the conventional A-STAR approach is ameliorated through the integration of a precisely designed estimated cost gain. The gain is determined by the direction of the force in the artificial potential field., thus enabling the algorithm to focus more accurately on the direction of the target location while avoiding obstacles during path exploration. Through simulation results, the improved algorithm proves its feasibility by maintaining the same path length while reducing the running time by decreasing multiple exploration directions. The improved algorithm, which is more efficient, surpasses the conventional A-STAR and can be utilized for agent trajectory planning in static and complex environments, showcasing its superior performance.