bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of various indigenous processing methods on the α‐galactoside and mono‐ and disaccharide content of an Indian tribal pulse, Mucuna pruriens var utilis
Authors: Siddhuraju Perumal , Becker Klaus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of various treatments, such as soaking in different solutions, cooking of raw and soaked seeds, autoclaving of raw and soaked seeds, dehusking of water‐soaked seeds, fermentation of water‐soaked/dehusked seeds, autoclaving of fermented seeds, dry heating of raw seeds and germination, on the levels of mono‐ and disaccharides and α‐galactosides in two varieties of an Indian tribal legume, mucuna bean (Mucuna pruriens var utilis), was investigated. The levels of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose decreased under various treatments. Among the different soaking and cooking/autoclaving treatments, tamarind pulp extract soaking and sodium bicarbonate solution soaking followed by autoclaving procedures were the most effective for removing α‐galactosides (68.4–70.9 and 68.5–68.9% respectively). The lowest reduction of α‐galactosides (8.4–17.2%) was observed in dry‐heated samples. Germination for more than 72 h resulted in the highest reduction of total α‐galactosides (93.6 and 89.6% in white and black varieties respectively). During the germination process, glucose, fructose and sucrose concentrations increased significantly.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
A qualitative probabilistic model of microbial outbursts in foods
Authors: Engel Robert , Normand Mark D , Horowitz J , Peleg Micha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSequences of counts of potentially harmful organisms in foods usually exhibit an irregular fluctuating pattern. The counts are determined by the interplay of numerous random factors that tend to promote or inhibit the organisms' growth. The counts can be recorded as zero, indicating that either the organism is not present or is below a minimum detectable level, or they can fluctuate randomly within characteristic bounds. An outburst is said to occur when the population surpasses a specified threshold determined by safety or quality considerations. The growth pattern in this ‘explosive’ mode is also governed by a combination of random mechanisms that determine the growth rate and eventual decline of the population. This paper presents a probabilistic model for such scenarios. The model parameters represent the underlying distribution of the fluctuations, the detection and explosion thresholds and the probability of continued growth after an outburst has begun. A simplified version of the model was used to simulate examples of microbial histories that resemble those of sensitive foods. It is also used to elucidate how the frequency, intensity and duration of outbursts are affected by the parameters of the model. In addition, we demonstrate how to estimate the model's parameters from actual records and illustrate the efficacy of the estimation method with simulated data. The utility of such models for risk assessment will depend on the availability of long records of microbial counts that include outbursts in order to test their predictive ability. Because the presence of a harmful agent is not always sufficient to cause food poisoning, models of this kind can only estimate the expected frequency of outbursts but not the frequency of actual food‐poisoning outbreaks.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Immunoreactivity of p53, Ki‐67, and c‐erbB‐2 in phyllodes tumors of the breast in correlation with clinical and morphologic features
Authors: Shpitz B. , Bomstein Y. , Sternberg A. , Klein E. , Tiomkin V. , Kaufman A. , Groisman G. , Bernheim J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhyllodes tumor (PT) is a biphasic tumor with unpredictable behavior. Our study aimed to evaluate clinicopathologic factors and biomarkers that may be helpful in predicting the outcome of these tumors.MethodsWe evaluated immunoreactivity of p53, c‐erbB‐2, and Ki‐67 in 23 PT treated over a 10‐year period. The proliferative activity in PT and expression of p53 and c‐erbB‐2 were correlated with clinicopathologic features of the tumors and patients' outcome.ResultsPositive stromal p53 immunoreactivity was found in PT with atypia, infiltrative borders, high cellularity, as well as in PT that displayed higher then average proliferation index, although none of these parameters reached statistical significance. There was a good correlation between proliferative stromal cell activity expressed Ki‐67–labeling index and the malignant features of the tumors. Primary tumors that recurred displayed high proliferative activity. Three of four recurrent tumors showed a progression toward higher malignant phenotype with concomitant increase in proliferative stromal cell activity. c‐erbB‐2–positive tumors had no particular histologic features or association with either p53 positivity or higher proliferative indices.Conclusionsp53 expression tends to be more frequent in PT with higher malignant potential but did not predict recurrence. Incompletely excised tumors that recurred displayed high proliferative activity in their primary tumors. Progression toward more malignant phenotype in the recurrent PT was accompanied with increase in stromal cell proliferative activity, suggesting the presence of biological continuity between benign, borderline, and malignant PT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;79:86–92. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate status among patients with non‐small cell lung cancer: A case‐control study*
Authors: Jatoi Aminah , Daly Benedict D.T. , Kramer Gertrude , Mason Joel B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis case control study explored the purported inverse relationship between folate status and lung cancer development.MethodsFolate status of 46 postoperative non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was compared to that of 44 non‐cancer patients. Cancer patients had completed treatment > 3 months prior and had no evidence of cancer. Ineligibility criteria for all patients included (1) > 2 alcoholic drinks/day (2) ongoing tobacco use, or (3) folate supplementation > 400 μg/day.ResultsNo differences were found between groups in serum and RBC folate after adjustment for age and use of folate‐interfering medications: geometric means (GM) × /geometric standard error (GSE): 7.9 ng/ml ×  /1.1 vs. 7.8 ng/ml × /1.1, respectively (P = 0.91) for serum folate; 264 ng/ml × /1.1 vs. 263 ng/ml × /1.1, respectively (P = 0.97) for RBC folate. Age‐ and creatinine‐adjusted homocysteine was no different between groups: GM × /GSE: 9.4 μmol/L × /1.0 vs. 8.6 μmol/L × /1.0, respectively (P = 0.17). No difference were seen in folate intake. Frequencies of the homozygous genotype for the MTHFR polymorphism, an enzyme important in folate metabolism and associated with a reduced risk of other cancers, were no different.ConclusionsThis case control study does not support the hypothesis that low folate is an independent risk factor for NSCLC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;77:247–252. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of the reactions of fluorine and chlorine atoms with ethylene oxide (oxirane)
Authors: Ponomarev D. , Hurley M. D. , Wallington T. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of F and C1 atoms with ethylene oxide have been studied using relative rate techniques in 10–700 Torr of either nitrogen or air diluent at 295 ± 2 K; k(F + C2H4O) = (9.4 ± 1.6) × 10−11 and k(C1 + C2H4O) = (5.0 ± 0.9) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The result for k(F + C2H4O) is in good agreement with the literature data. The result for k(C1 + C2H4O) is a factor of 5.6 lower than that reported previously. It seems likely that in the previous study most of the loss of C2H4O attributed to reaction with C1 atoms was actually caused by unwanted secondary reactions leading to an overestimate of k(C1 + C2H4O). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 122–125, 2002
Kinetics of destruction of diisopropyl methylphosphonate in corona discharge
Authors: Korobeinichev Oleg P. , Chernov Anatoly A. , Sokolov Vladimir V. , Krasnoperov Lev N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the destruction of diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) in corona discharge has been studied using a flow tubular coaxial wire dielectric barrier corona discharge reactor. The identification and quantitative determination of DIMP, its destruction intermediates, and phosphorus‐containing destruction products were performed using molecular beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Active discharge power was varied in the range 0.01–5 W. The destruction products such as isopropyl methylphosphonate, methylphosphonic acid, and orthophosphoric acid were found on the reactor walls. The dependence of the extent of the destruction, D (D = 1 − X / X0, where X and X0 are DIMP mole fractions at the outlet and the inlet of the reactor), on the specific energy deposition Ex (Ex = PF−1 X0−1, where F is the carrier gas flow and P is the power dissipated in discharge reactor) was measured over the DIMP mole fraction range 60–500 ppm at the pressure of 1 bar and the temperature of 340 K. Over the range of the experimental conditions studied the destruction obeys the “pseudo‐first‐order” kinetic law: ln(1 − D) = −KEx. Plausible mechanisms of the destruction are discussed. It was concluded that ion mechanism is the major one responsible for the destruction process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 331–337, 2002
Structure‐reactivity correlation in the aminolysis of 4‐fluorophenyl acetate in aqueous medium
Authors: Rajarathnam D. , Jeyakumar T. , Nadar P. Ananthakrishna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reaction of the title substrate with a series of amines of varying pKa, viz. ammonia, ethanolamine, glycine, 1,2‐diaminopropane, 1,3‐diaminopropane, n‐butylamine, piperidine, hydrazine, imidazole, and hydroxylamine is subjected to a kinetic study in aqueous medium, 25°C, ionic strength 0.1 M (KCl). Pseudo‐first‐order rate coefficients (kobs) are found throughout under amine excess at various pH values for each amine. For amines, excluding hydrazine, ammonia, and hydroxylamine the reaction follows clean second‐order kinetics and the plots of (kobs − kH) against free amine concentration are linear at constant pH. The macroscopic nucleophilic substitution rate coefficients (kN) are obtained as the slopes of these plots and found to be pH independent. For hydrazine, ammonia, and hydroxylamine, a rate dependence on more than first power of the amine is observed, accordingly, the rate constants for the assisted paths have been disseminated for these amines besides kN. The Brönsted‐type plot (logkN against amine pKa) is linear with a slope value of β = 1.02. The magnitude of the slope value is consistent with a stepwise mechanism through a zwitterionic tetrahedral addition intermediate whose breakdown to products is rate‐determining (k2 step). A remarkable reactivity difference is observed among the diamines, the reason for which is discussed in detail. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 366–373, 2002
Rally racing: knowledge and learning requirements for a winning team
Authors: Andreu Rafael , Sieber Sandra 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we discuss how a winning rally racing team was developed from scratch in Seat Sport, the racing division within Seat, one of Volkswagen's divisions, which decided to enter the World Rally Cup in 1995. The discussion focuses on how different types of knowledge were literally ‘grown up’ from practically nothing to a winning team. We start by describing the knowledge requirements stemming from the goal of developing a World Rally Cup winning team. Defining them in the form of success factors, we classify them from different standpoints (explicit versus implicit, individual versus collective, mental models, coordination schemes, etc.). Next, we show how these different knowledge requirements were acquired and developed at Seat Sport. Finally, we derive the actual learning processes that were present at Seat Sport and relate them to the different kinds of needs and requirements. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual organization: conceptual analysis of the limits of its decentralization
Authors: Kotorov Radoslav P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe development of computer networks has reopened the discussion about the boundaries of the firm. Buy versus make decisions determine how centralized or decentralized a firm is. However, no consistent methodology has been proposed to help managers make these decisions. In this paper I shall propose a theoretical model of the firm, which is based on the assumption that every firm confronts competitive uncertainty and that its continual existence depends on its ability to reduce it, and based on this model I shall propose a method for organizational design. In the final section I shall analyze whether Ford's Business 2000 model corresponds to the model presented in this paper. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case study of the application of BPR in an SME contractor
Authors: Riley M. J. , Brown D. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe UK government strongly encouraged the construction industry to improve its efficiency during the 1990s. P Trant Limited, a medium‐sized civil engineering contractor located in the south of England took on board this challenge and carried out a Business Process Re‐engineering programme. This paper describes the process modelling tools used, the re‐engineered processes and the efficiency gains produced. It is shown that mature medium‐sized contracting companies can benefit from undertaking such a change programme and that the benefits are not restricted to large companies or groups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental model for the long‐term effects of laser resurfacing
Authors: Babovic Srdan , Trevino Melanie Triffet , Petty Paul M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEvaluation of the long‐term effects of the laser resurfacing on development of the skin cancer after chronic ultraviolet B light exposure calls for the development of the appropriate animal model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe 27 C3H nu/nu nude mice were used in the experiment. Five experimental groups were designed to evaluate the effects of laser energy delivered.ResultsTru‐Pulse™ Laser System produced char‐free crust immediately after application. There was no histologic difference in laser effects on the skin between groups. Complete re‐epithelialization occurred within 7 days.ConclusionsAn entire lifetime in this mammal model can be studied in under 2.5 years. The back skin of the mice can be resurfaced by using one pass 500 mJ/cm2 and complete healing will occur within a 7‐day period. We believe that establishment of this experimental model has set the stage for the further study of the effect of laser energy on sun‐damaged skin. Carbon dioxide laser resurfacing has become an increasingly popular method of facial rejuvenation, allowing the plastic surgeon to repair sun‐damaged skin and wrinkles. Results obtained by laser resurfacing seem to be long lasting. Carbon dioxide laser resurfacing brings about histologic changes in the skin. This finding raises a new question: Does carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing modulate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure on the skin? The purpose of this study was to establish a new experimental model for studying the long‐term effects of laser skin resurfacing. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:138–140, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excimer laser (308 nm) based transmyocardial laser revascularization: Effects of the lasing parameters on myocardial histology
Authors: Shehada R.E.N. , Papaioannou T. , Mansour H.N. , Grundfest W.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe effect of the excimer laser (308 nm) parameters on transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) channels is not well defined. This study investigates the influence of the pulse repetition rate, the size of the delivery catheter and its advancement speed on the morphology of TMR channels in vivo.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMyocardial ablation was performed in a porcine model (N = 27) using multifiber catheters of 1.0 and 1.4 mm in diameter. The catheters were advanced into the myocardium at different speeds (1.27 and 2.54 mm/sec) while ablating at various repetition rates (10–;80 Hz). The radiant exposure was kept at 35 mJ/mm2 throughout the experiments. The channel histology was quantified by digital microscopy.ResultsThe channel cross‐sectional area and the extent of the thermal damage decrease as the catheter advancement speed exceeds the ablation speed and vice versa. Within the parameters tested, advancement speed of about 1.3 mm/sec and pulse repetition rates of 40 Hz produce channels of size comparable to the catheter's diameter with moderate thermomechanical damage.ConclusionsThe repetition rate, catheter size, and catheter advancement speed are closely intertwined and crucial to the histological outcome of excimer laser based TMR. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:85–91, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo optical imaging of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor following laser incision in skin
Authors: Izzo Agnella D. , Mackanos Mark A. , Beckham Joshua T. , Jansen E. Duco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLaser–tissue interaction studies have focused on laser‐induced secondary effects on tissue and the postmortem histological analysis of laser wounds. In this study we addressed wound healing and possible impairment of wound healing due to collateral tissue damage by in vivo imaging of gene expression.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe used a transgenic mouse model containing a VEGF promoter driving a GFP reporter gene to image VEGF expression in vivo. Twenty‐two mice received two full thickness incisions in the dorsal skin: one with the Free Electron Laser (λ = 6.45 μm, 52.9 mJ/mm2) and one with a scalpel. Mice were imaged for GFP expression at 3 days, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Confocal microscopic imaging was performed at 2 weeks.ResultsPeak GFP expression was seen at 2–3 weeks and was localized in fibroblasts. FEL lesions showed more total GFP expression than scalpel lesions but this was only statistically significant (P < 0.05) at 2 and 4 weeks. The full‐width half‐max (FWHM) of the GFP expression was always larger for the FEL lesion compared to the scalpel lesion but was only statistically significant (P < 0.05) at 2 and 3 weeks. At 2 weeks the extent of the GFP expression in the laser lesion was on average 55 μm beyond that seen in the scalpel lesion but correlated with the number of laser passes.ConclusionsFeasibility of using transgenic mice carrying photoactive reporter genes for studying cellular process of laser‐inflicted wound repair in a noninvasive, in vivo manner was shown. GFP expression mediated by the VEGF promoter in fibroblast showed minimal impairment of wound healing due to the laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 29:343–350, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in conserved regions 1, 2, and 3 of Raf‐1 that activate transforming activity
Authors: Chan Edmond Y. W. , Stang Stacey L. , Bottorff Drell A. , Stone James C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo investigate the role of Raf‐1 in v‐Ha‐ras transformation, we have isolated and characterized a number of Raf‐1 mutants that display increased transforming activity in Rat2 fibroblasts. A dipeptide deletion (Δ144–145) in the cysteine‐rich domain (CRD) of conserved region (CR) 1 increased the interaction between Raf‐1 and v‐Ha‐ras effector loop mutants in the yeast two‐hybrid system, supporting the proposal that the CRD serves as a secondary ras‐binding domain. Many activating mutations were located in CR2. Two representative CR2 mutants (Δ250–258 and S257L) displayed increased interaction with v‐Ha‐ras effector loop mutants and with mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) 1 in the two‐hybrid system. One novel mutation in CR3 was recovered; G361S affected the third glycine of the GXGXXG protein kinase motif involved in ATP binding. Expression of G361S Raf‐1 in Rat2 fibroblasts activated MEK and ERK. The CR1, CR2, and CR3 activating mutations, when combined in cis, cooperated in transforming Rat2 fibroblasts. Conversely, Raf‐1 transforming activity was decreased when the S257L or G361S mutation was combined in cis with the R89E substitution, which disrupts ras‐Raf interaction. This mutant analysis provides additional information about the distinct functions of individual Raf‐1 regions and documents a novel genetic mechanism for activating an oncogenic kinase. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mutation in subunit B of the DNA polymerase α–primase complex from Novikoff hepatoma cells concomitant with a conformational change and abnormal catalytic properties of the DNA polymerase α–primase complex
Authors: Popanda Odilia , Flohr Claudia , Dai Jia‐Chun , Hunzicker Andreas , Thielmann Heinz Walter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMutated constituents of the DNA replication complex might contribute to the mutational load of the genome during tumor development by impairing DNA synthesis as well as cell cycle–related control of DNA replication. To prove or disprove this hypothesis, we looked for mutations in the cDNA sequences of the four subunits of DNA polymerase α–primase from both highly malignant Novikoff hepatoma cells and regenerating normal rat liver and compared physicochemical and catalytic properties of the DNA polymerase α–primase complexes purified from both sources. Sequence analysis showed two mutations in subunit B from Novikoff cells: one in nucleotide position 855 (CCG→CCA) that did not result in an amino acid exchange and one in position 862 (GTG→ATG) that caused a change of valine to methionine in codon 288. No mutation was found in the three other subunits. The wild‐type and mutated sequences of subunit B were cloned and expressed in vitro. Sedimentation analysis of the expressed polypeptides revealed different sedimentation constants, indicating that the amino acid exchange affected the conformation of subunit B. The analysis of the purified DNA polymerase α–primase complexes showed a sedimentation value that was significantly higher for the enzyme complex from normal liver than for that from Novikoff cells. In addition, DNA polymerase α–primase complexes from Novikoff cells showed higher sensitivity to camptothecin, topotecan, and structurally related compounds (such as (R,S)‐7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxy camptothecin, 9‐aminocamptothecin, and 10‐hydroxycamptothecin) than the enzyme from normal rat liver. Thus, the amino acid change found in subunit B appears to result in a conformational change of the DNA polymerase α–primase complex from Novikoff hepatoma cells. Whether this mutation influences genetic instability or tumor development needs to be explored. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design considerations for rapid‐heating columns applied in fast capillary gas chromatography
Authors: Van Deursen Marieke , Janssen Hans‐Gerd , Beens Jan , Rutten Gerard , Cramers Carel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerical calculation procedures are developed to predict the optimum experimental conditions for rapid‐programming fast capillary gas chromatography (GC). Retention times and peak widths are calculated from experimentally determined thermodynamic compound properties. Errors in the predicted values are below 2 and 15% for the retention times and peak widths, respectively. It is shown that rapid temperature programming is a powerful tool for speeding up the separation of samples containing homologous series of compounds such as, e.g., triglycerides. The optimal programming rate and the minimum required column length to obtain the shortest possible analysis time with sufficient resolution (Rs=1.5) are predicted. Using a wide‐bore column with a length of 10 m, a programming rate of 4°C/s and a carrier gas velocity of approximately 250 cm/s, the shortest possible analysis time for a triglycerides sample can be obtained while still maintaining sufficient resolution. With these instrumental settings the analysis time of a triglycerides separation can be reduced from 15 to approximately 5 minutes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 337–345, 2001