bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Lead Perforation: A Disturbing Trend
Authors: KHAN MOHAMMED N. , JOSEPH GEORGE , KHAYKIN YAARIV , ZIADA KHALED M. , WILKOFF BRUCE L. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Delayed lead perforation (occurring more than 1 month after implantation) is a rare complication. Its pathophysiology and optimal management are currently unclear.
Methods: Three cases of delayed lead perforation (6–10 month) were identified in patients with low‐profile active fixation leads.
Results: All cases presented in a subacute fashion with pleuritic chest pain with confirmatory chest x‐ray and device interrogation. Given the potential complications of a perforated lead, all cases had the lead extracted under TEE observation with cardiac surgery backup in the operating room. All patients tolerated extraction without complication.
Conclusion: Based on these cases, we recommend a management scheme for patients who present with delayed lead perforation.
The links between axin and carcinogenesis
Authors: Salahshor S , Woodgett J R 
Published: February 2005

The products of the two mammalian Axin genes (Axin1 and its homologue Axin2) are essential for the degradation of β catenin, a component of Wnt signalling that is frequently dysregulated in cancer cells. Axin is a multidomain scaffold protein that has many functions in biological signalling pathways. Overexpression of axin results in axis duplication in mouse embryos. Wnt signalling activity determines dorsal–ventral axis formation in vertebrates, implicating axin as a negative regulator of this signalling pathway. In addition, Wnts modulate pattern formation and the morphogenesis of most organs by influencing and controlling cell proliferation, motility, and fate. Defects in different components of the Wnt signalling pathway promote tumorigenesis and tumour progression. Recent biochemical studies of axins indicate that these molecules are the primary limiting components of this pathway. This review explores the intriguing connections between defects in axin function and human diseases.
Tenascin-C in primary Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Koljonen V , Jahkola T , Tukiainen E , Granroth G , Haglund C , Böhling T 
Published: February 2005

Background/Aims:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare malignant cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour that mostly affects the elderly. It shows rapid progression of the primary tumour, together with a vertical growth pattern into the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Metastatic dissemination to regional lymph nodes is early and frequent. Tenascin-C (Tn-C) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed in various benign and malignant processes. Expression of Tn-C is also associated with invasion and cellular proliferation, and is often downregulated in fully evolved advanced carcinomas. In previous studies, Tn-C expression correlated with prognosis in tumours of different origin.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of Tn-C in 25 MCC specimens and to evaluate the prognostic importance of this glycoprotein.Results:Seventeen samples expressed Tn-C. Staining was mainly seen in the invasion borders and within the connective tissue septae inside the tumours. The expression of Tn-C correlated significantly with large tumour size. There was also frequent expression of Tn-C in primary tumours with metastatic dissemination. Most of the Tn-C negative samples were of small size.Conclusions:Tn-C expression seems to increase with tumour size and malignant behaviour. Expression was slightly enhanced in tumours with high proliferative indices. Expression is seen mainly in areas of invasive growth and, in this respect, resembles that of other invasive tumours.
Immunohistochemical assays in prostatic biopsies processed in Bouin’s fixative
Authors: Ananthanarayanan V , Pins M R , Meyer R E , Gann P H 
Published: February 2005

Aims:To investigate the problems involved in undertaking immunohistochemistry (IHC) and nuclear morphometry using Bouin’s fixed prostate biopsies.Methods:Archival Bouin’s fixed and formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded prostatic biopsies were immunostained for three nuclear biomarkers (minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM-2), p27, and Ki-67), one membrane localised biomarker (C-erb-B2), CD34, and α methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR). The quality of IHC staining was compared between tissues prepared separately in both fixatives. Feulgen staining was also performed on Bouin’s fixed tissues to check its suitability for nuclear morphometry.Results:MCM-2 staining was completely negative in Bouin’s fixed tissues, whereas p27 showed more background and excess cytoplasmic staining in Bouin’s fixed versus formalin fixed tissues. C-erb-B2 showed non-specific, strong luminal cell staining in the Bouin’s fixed tissue. Feulgen staining was also very weak in Bouin’s fixed tissue. However, Ki-67, AMACR, and CD34 worked equally well in Bouin’s and formalin fixed tissues.Conclusions:Bouin’s fixed tissues may be unsuitable when subsequent IHC and morphometry are contemplated. An awareness of which antibodies are suitable for use in Bouin’s fixed biopsies is essential.
Diabetes Foot Self-care Practices in a Rural, Triethnic Population
Authors: Bell Ronny A. , Arcury Thomas A. , Snively Beverly M. , Smith Shannon L. , Stafford Jeanette M. , Dohanish Ron , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: February 2005

Purpose The purposes of this study were to assess the level of foot self-care performed in a rural, multiethnic population of older adults and to identify factors associated with foot self-care. Methods The Evaluating Long-term Diabetes Self-management Among Elder Rural Adults study included a random sample of 701 African American, Native American, and white adults from 2 rural North Carolina counties. Participants completed in-home interviews, 5 foot selfcare practices from the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), functional status measures, and measures of education and support for foot care. Results Foot care practices/behaviors reported at least 6 days/week ranged from 35.6% for inspecting shoes to 79.2% for not soaking feet. Four independent predictors of the SDSCA summary foot care index score were observed: having been shown how to care for feet (P< .0001), female gender (P= .03), having had a doctor check nerves in feet in past year (P= .02), and not receiving support caring for feet (P = .0425). Conclusions These findings indicate that educating patients about foot self-care may encourage routine foot care but that those dependent on either formal or informal support to perform foot care do so less frequently than those who perform it independently.
Parents’ and children’s involvement in decision-making during hospitalisation
Authors: Hallström Inger 
Published: February 2005

Different reasons are given as to why children and their parents should be involved in discussions and decisions regarding the child’s care. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child formulates the needs of children and young people in terms of human rights. Ethical duties of health professionals include the obligation to enhance their patients’ competence and ability to participate. The concepts of autonomy, integrity, competence, assent and consent are complex and sometimes difficult to relate to practice. However, they are essential in paediatric care. In earlier studies we observed 24 children and 35 parents during the child’s hospitalisation, and situations including a decision-making process were identified. Analysis included assessing and grading both children’s and parents’ involvement in decisions according to a five-level scale of different degrees of respect. The results emphasised that both children and parents had varying abilities to become involved in the decision-making process. Promoting children’s rights is one of the most important roles for the children’s nurse. Having a voice in decision-making helps the child to develop a sense of him-herself as a person and gives the parents a feeling that they are part of a team giving their child optimal care during hospitalisation.
Ontogeny of CD4+CD25+ regulatory/suppressor T cells in human fetuses
Authors: Darrasse-Jèze Guillaume , Marodon Gilles , Salomon Benoît L. , Catala Martin , Klatzmann David 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLittle is known about the ontogeny of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory/suppressor T cells that play a major role in maintaining self-tolerance in mice and humans. In rodents, thymectomy on day 3 of life leads to multiple organ-specific autoimmune diseases that can be prevented by adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells, suggesting their neonatal development. We investigated regulatory T-cell ontogeny in 11 human fetuses. Together with the first mature T cells, thymic CD4+CD25+ cells were detected as early as 13 weeks of gestation. Thymic CD25+ cells appeared to be positively selected at the CD4+CD8+CD3hi differentiation stage, as assessed by CD1a and CD69 expression. The proportion of thymic CD4+CD25+ cells appeared quite stable with age, around 6% to 7%, similar to the proportion observed in infant thymi. Extrathymic CD4+CD25+ T cells could hardly be detected at 13 weeks of gestation but were present from week 14 onwards. As adult regulatory T cells, purified CD4+CD25+ fetal cells were anergic and suppressed T-cell proliferative responses; they expressed intracellular cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Foxp3 mRNA. Altogether, our results indicate that the generation of regulatory/suppressor T cells is consubstantial to the generation of a functional and self-tolerant immune system. (Blood. 2005;105:4715-4721)
A murine antibacterial ortholog to human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is expressed in testis, epididymis, and bone marrow
Authors: Lennartsson Andreas , Pieters Katrien , Vidovic Karina , Gullberg Urban 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), stored in human neutrophil granulocytes, is cytotoxic against Gram-negative bacteria. Several genes related to BPI cluster on human chromosome 20 and on mouse chromosome 2, but expression and characterization of a BPI ortholog in the mouse have not been reported. We asked whether BPI is structurally and functionally conserved between humans and mice and whether murine BPI might be synthesized in neutrophils as well as in other tissues. We report the isolation of a murine full-length cDNA encoding a 54-kDa protein, showing 53% amino acid identity and 71% similarity, to human BPI. The murine BPI and human BPI genes show a similar exon-intron organization. Murine BPI mRNA was detected in testis, epididymis, and bone marrow, as well as in Sertoli and promyelocytic cell lines. Although levels of BPI mRNA in human and murine testis were comparable, expression in murine bone marrow cells was low as compared with that in human bone marrow. BPI protein showed a cytoplasmic, granular localization in mature neutrophils. BPI gene expression in Sertoli and promyelocytic cells was enhanced several-fold by all-trans retinoic acid. Overexpression of murine BPI in human embryonic kidney 293 cells resulted in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, comparable with that obtained with human BPI. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that mouse neutrophils store BPI with antibacterial activity and that murine BPI is also expressed in testis and epididymis.
Homeostatic Responses in the Adrenal Cortex to the Absence of Aldosterone in Mice
Authors: Lee Gene , Makhanova Natalia , Caron Kathleen , Lopez Maria L. Sequeira , Gomez R. Ariel , Smithies Oliver , Kim Hyung-Suk 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo study the effects of decreased amounts or absence of aldosterone on development and endocrine function, we have disrupted the mouse gene, Cyp11b2, coding for aldosterone synthase (AS) by replacing its first two exons with sequences coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein. The null pups fail to thrive postnatally, and about 30% die between d 7 and 28. Aldosterone in plasma and AS mRNA in adrenal glands are undetectable in the null mice. Adult AS-null mice are small, weigh 75% of wild type, are hypotensive, have increased concentrations of plasma K+ and corticosterone, and a decreased concentration of plasma Cl−. Their plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations are 45× and 4× wild type. The adrenal cortex is disorganized and has cells that contain marked accumulations of lipid. The zona glomerulosa is widened and includes easily detectable renin-containing cells, not seen in the wild-type adrenal gland. In the AS−/− adrenals, the level of mRNA for Cyp11b1, coding for 11β-hydroxylase, is 150% wild type. The adrenal glands of the null mice consequently show evidence of a greatly activated renin-angiotensin system and up-regulation of glucocorticoid production. In the AS-null mice enhanced green fluorescent protein fluorescence is mainly at the boundary between the cortex and medulla, where apoptotic cells are numerous. These data are consistent with the absence of aldosterone in the AS-null mice inducing an increased cell-turnover of cells in the adrenals that normally become AS expressing and their migration to the medullary boundary where they apoptose.
Reconstructing mountain goat history in the Olympic Mountains, USA
Authors: Oscarson Melissa M. , Landguth Erin L. , Wallin David O. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBetween 1925 and 1930, 11 or 12 non‐native mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) were translocated from Alaska and British Columbia to the foothills of the Olympic Range. By 1970, descendants of these goats had colonized the entire range and concerns about the management of this introduced species developed as damage to alpine soil and vegetation occurred. A series of removals reduced the population from 1175 in 1983 to 389 by 1990, eventually growing to 584 in 2016. We used demographic and genetic data to parameterize a population genetics individual‐based simulation model of the Olympic Range mountain goats. We calibrated the model to replicate the population trajectory for Olympic mountain goats from establishment in the 1920s through the 1983 first census. As expected, modeled population dynamics from 1928 to 1983 mimicked parameter initialization from expanding populations. However, simulated heterozygosity did not align with observations, suggesting a process not accounted for within the simulation model, such as a bottleneck or founder effect. Sensitivity analyses showed changes in annual reproductive rate, juvenile mortality, and adult female mortality influencing population trajectories, but variation in male mortality revealed no changes. Evaluating the population dynamics of the model after removals showed that approximately 80% of the total animals removed during the 1980s needed to be female in order for the observed population estimates to occur. This model has the potential to be used more widely with established or introduced mountain goat populations, as well as to provide an approach for studying other introduced species and their population dynamics.
Electrically Stimulated Dental Implants Triggers Soft‐Tissue Integration and Bactericidal Functions
Authors: Jayasree Anjana , Cartmell Sarah , Ivanovski Sašo , Gulati Karan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractModulating cellular functions at the dental implant‐tissue interface to augment integration and prevent bacterial ingress is crucial for achieving early stability and long‐term implant success. Nano‐engineering strategies, such as anodized titanium implants with titania (TiO2) nanotubes/nanopores, are emerging as a promising dental implant surface modification approach to enhance integration and prevent infection. Achieving on‐demand therapy through electrical stimulation therapy (EST, supply of voltage/current to local tissue) may be advantageous but has not been explored for dental implants. Further, anodized implants with TiO2 nanotubes/nanopores represent a semi‐conducting modification that can impede EST effectiveness. In this pioneering study, TiO2 nanopores are converted into conducting Ti nanopores to perform EST to achieve superior soft‐tissue integration and antibacterial efficacy. In‐depth surface characterizations are followed by assays investigating the effect of EST on cultured human salivary biofilm and gingival fibroblasts. Significant bactericidal efficacy is demonstrated for EST (1.5 V for 5 min per day) using Ti nanopores. Further, EST enhanced fibroblast proliferation and collagen secretion. In summary, EST applied to Ti nanoporous implants promotes soft‐tissue healing and antibacterial functions and is proposed as a next‐generation approach in implant dentistry to achieve on‐demand therapy.
Robust Ferroelasticity and Carrier Dynamics Across the Domain Wall in Perovskite‐Like van der Waals WO2I2
Authors: Fu Jierui , Deng Zunyi , Tan Ruoxi , Fang Yuqiang , Peng Yanting , Liang Yuexing , Sun Zhaoyuan , Tang Gang , Li Xingji , Xu Chengyan , Huang Fuqiang , Zhen Liang , Gao Bo , Hong Jiawang , Li Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs a new group of van der Waals (vdWs) ferroic materials, transition metal dioxydihalides MO2X2 (M: Mo, W; X: halogen) with a perovskite‐like structure are theoretically predicted to exhibit intriguing physics and versatile ferroic characteristics, which is not achieved experimentally as far as it is known. In this work, the robust ferroelasticity in vdWs WO2I2 with the switching strain as low as ≈0.3%, accompanied with the striped optical contrast between adjacent domains, spot splitting of selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns at domain wall, and 90° domain wall is demonstrated. With the aid of ab‐initio calculations, the origin of ferroelasticity in WO2I2 is unveiled, where the imaginary phonon mode in the high‐symmetry paraelastic phase leads to the spontaneous displacement of W atom away from the center of the [WO4I2] octahedron, resulting in the switchable spontaneous strain under an external strain field. Moreover, transient absorption microscopy (TAM) measurements demonstrate that the diffusion of photogenerated carriers is significantly hindered by the ferroelastic domain walls. This study provides deep insights into the ferroic order and domain wall in perovskite‐like vdWs MO2X2 for new physics and functionalities.
A Reversible Light‐Driven Biomimetic K+/Na+‐Exchanger Controls Cancer Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Wu Yaqi , Li Cong , Wu Yanliang , Xu Jiayun , Ni Zhigang , Reany Ofer , Yan Tengfei , Zhu Dingcheng , Liu Junqiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough natural dual‐ion exchangers are indispensable for bio‐organic functions, developing their artificial counterparts remains nearly unexplored. Herein, this work proposes a novel light‐controlled K+/Na+‐transport‐exchanger TE12, realizing an unprecedented reversible switch between K+‐ and Na+‐transmembrane transport by changing its transport mechanism (channel and carrier). The conformational transformation of the azobenzene moiety in TE12 essentially induces this. The K+/Na+ selectivity of K+‐channel Trans‐TE12 is as high as 20.3, making it one of the most selective artificial K+‐transporters. Moreover, considering the scarcity of artificial Na+‐transporters, the Na+‐carrier Cis‐TE12 with high Na+/K+ selectivity (9.25) represents a breakthrough. Cis‐TE12 significantly triggers cell apoptosis by igniting fascinating “Na+ sparks” first observed on cancer cells treated with synthetic channels, while K+‐channel Trans‐TE12 exhibits low toxicity. Importantly, TE12 can function as a spatiotemporally controllable ion interference therapy, enabling in situ 365 nm light‐triggered and 450 nm light‐inhibited cell death. This work realizes sophisticated functions in a simplified structure by the “Less is More” design concept. It opens a shortcut toward the future iterative updating of artificial ion transporters to make them better biological analogs and therapeutic agents.
Cation‐Conduction Dominated Hydrogels for Durable Zinc–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Yang Jin‐Lin , Xiao Tuo , Xiao Tao , Li Jia , Yu Zehua , Liu Kang , Yang Peihua , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZinc–iodine batteries have the potential to offer high energy‐density aqueous energy storage, but their lifetime is limited by the rampant dendrite growth and the concurrent parasite side reactions on the Zn anode, as well as the shuttling of polyiodides. Herein, a cation‐conduction dominated hydrogel electrolyte is designed to holistically enhance the stability of both zinc anode and iodine cathode. In this hydrogel electrolyte, anions are covalently anchored on hydrogel chains, and the major mobile ions in the electrolyte are restricted to be Zn2+. Specifically, such a cation‐conductive electrolyte results in a high zinc ion transference number (0.81) within the hydrogel and guides epitaxial Zn nucleation. Furthermore, the optimized Zn2+ solvation structure and the reconstructed hydrogen bond networks on hydrogel chains contribute to the reduced desolvation barrier and suppressed corrosion side reactions. On the iodine cathode side, the electrostatic repulsion between negative sulfonate groups and polyiodides hinders the loss of the iodine active material. This all‐round electrolyte design renders zinc–iodine batteries with high reversibility, low self‐discharge, and long lifespan.
Enhancing the Water‐Stability of 1D Hybrid Manganese Halides by a Cationic Engineering Strategy
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Wen , Wu Ling‐Xiao , Yang Xue , Wang Dan‐Yang , Wang Shan‐Xiao , Li Shu‐Yao , Yue Cheng‐Yang , Yu Fang , Lei Xiao‐Wu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough the luminescent performance of organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have obtained significant advances, achieving intrinsic water‐stable OIMHs remain a substantial challenge due to the fragile ionic nature of hybrid the halide structure. To overcome these challenges, a structural design strategy is proposed that involves the use of highly hydrophobic cations as a protective layer to improve the water stability of OIMH. Herein, an aprotic trimethylsulfoxonium [TMSO]+ is selected as a hydrophobic cation and successfully assemble two new manganese based OIMHs of (TMSO)MnCl3 and (TMSO)MnBr3 through facile solid and liquid phase reaction methods. Remarkably, these halides exhibit strong red light emissions with high quantum yields recorded at 86.1% and 53.4%, respectively, originating from the octahedral [MnX6]4− based one‐dimensional (1D) [MnX3]− chain. Most significantly, these halides present extraordinary structural and luminescent stabilities toward continuous corrosion by humid air, water, and acid‐aqueous solution for more than one month, suggesting promising application prospects in extreme chemical environments. In‐depth Hirshfeld surface calculations demonstrate that the ultrahigh water‐stability benefits from the abundant hydrogen bonds and strong electrostatic interactions between [TMSO]+ and [MnX3]− ions, which provides an underlying insight into the stability mechanism. This water‐stability enhancement strategy represents a breakthrough structural engineering to rationally design more water‐stable OIMH.
Enhancing Emission Efficiencies Through Side‐Chain Engineering of Luminogens to Control Molecular Motion
Authors: Zhang Chuchen , Zhang Tianshu , Qiu Zhaozhong , Wang Zhe , Huang Tianzi , Luo Congcong , Zhang Cheng , Li Yang , Wang Qi , Hang Xiao‐Chun , Sun Hua , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractControlling the efficient emission of organic luminogens in both monomeric and various aggregated states remains a challenging task. In this work, the motion of an organic luminophores is synergistically regulated by introducing side alkyl chains with appropriate length and the aromatic rotor triphenylamine. This study finds that the incorporation of alkyl chains not only increased the rotational barriers in the molecule, but also influenced the packing modes. The as‐prepared organic luminogen, FIMPA‐C6, exhibited bright emissions in solution, polymorph, and amorphous states. Furthermore, the emission of FIMPA‐C6 can be widely tuned from yellow to deep red in different aggregated states. The exceptional luminescent properties of FIMPA‐C6 make it a promising functional dye for cellular imaging applications.