bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet quality during pregnancy is inversely associated with prepregnancy weight status
Authors: Shin Dayeon , Lee Kyung Won , Song Won O. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPrepregnancy overweight and obesity are determinants of excessive gestational weight gain and thus pregnancy complications and poor health outcomes. The association of prepregnancy weight status with diet quality during pregnancy remains unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relation between prepregnancy weight status and diet quality during pregnancy.MethodsThe study was based on 795 U.S. pregnant women in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012. Prepregnancy weight status was classified by <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 (normal), 25.0–29.9 (overweight), and ≥30 kg/m2 (obese). Diet quality during pregnancy was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010 based on a 24‐hour recall. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between prepregnancy BMI and diet quality during pregnancy assessed by the HEI‐2010 after controlling for maternal sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity during pregnancy.ResultsFor all pregnant women in this study, the mean HEI‐2010 was 50.7 (± 0.9). Women with obese prepregnancy BMI had significantly lower HEI‐2010 compared to underweight and normal prepregnancy BMI groups, respectively (45.8 ± 1.6 vs. 52.4 ± 1.7, 52.3 ± 1.6). In an unadjusted model, women with prepregnancy obesity BMI had increased odds for being in the lowest tertile of HEI‐2010 compared to those with normal prepregnancy BMI (OR 4.99; 95% CI 2.19–11.37). The inverse association between prepregnancy obesity status and diet quality persisted even after controlling for physical activity levels (AOR 5.50; 95% CI 2.05–14.77).ConclusionPrepregnancy weight status was inversely associated with diet quality during pregnancy. Our findings suggest that women with overweight and obese prepregnancy BMI need to be targeted for nutritional interventions during pregnancy.
Current Data on Manganese in Foods and in U.S. Diets from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study
Authors: Spungen Judith H , Pouillot Régis , Hoffman‐Pennesi Dana , Briguglio Stephanie , Wirtz Mark 
Published: November 2023

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study (TDS) program monitors concentrations of manganese, other nutrient minerals, and a variety of toxic substances in foods representative of U.S. diets. These data are available to the public on the TDS website. FDA's most recent TDS‐based intake estimates for manganese, published in 2002, were based on TDS data generated from 1991–1996. We recently initiated a program to update intake estimates for manganese and other TDS analytes using data generated from 2007–2012. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) was used to determine manganese concentrations in each of 259 foods collected under the TDS program. Of 6143 TDS food samples, 1694 (27.6%) had manganese concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD). We estimated lower bound mean manganese concentrations in TDS foods assuming that samples in which manganese was not detected contained zero manganese, and we estimated upper bound mean manganese concentrations assuming that samples with non‐detected manganese concentrations had concentrations equal to the LOD. We also used a zero‐inflated distribution model to estimate means and confidence intervals for manganese in TDS foods based on clustered data. We merged each set of manganese concentration data with food consumption data from the 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary component, What We Eat In America (WWEIA) and then estimated usual intakes of manganese by U.S. population subgroups using PC‐Side software (v. 1.0, Iowa State University). Proportions of NHANES/WWEIA respondents with manganese intakes greater than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level were low (< 1%) for most subgroups, but high (≥ 5%) among children ages 1 – 3 years and 4 – 8 years. Over 40% of manganese intake was provided by cereals and grain products. Other major contributors to manganese intake were pizza and other mixed dishes (likely due to the grain components) and tea. The updated TDS manganese data and intake estimates based on these data provide key information on manganese in U.S. foods and diets.Support or Funding InformationU.S. Food and Drug Administration
Improved Muscle Function After Diet Intervention With Leucine‐enriched Whey And Antioxidants In Antioxidant Deficient Aged Mice
Authors: van Dijk Miriam , Dijk Francina , van Bunschoten Annelies , van Dartel Dorien , van Norren Klaske , Walrand Stephane , Jourdan Marion , Verlaan Sjors , Luiking Yvette 
Published: November 2023

Background and aimInadequacies of micronutrients with antioxidant‐properties are common among older adults and have been associated with sarcopenia and with impaired muscle health. The aim of this study was two‐fold: 1) to investigate if low levels of micronutrients with antioxidant‐properties (AOX) had a negative impact on muscle function in mature mice and 2) to study if nutritional interventions with AOX and/or leucine‐enriched whey protein could improve it.Methods18‐months‐old mice were fed an AOX‐deficient diet (vitamin A/E 600/5 IU/kg, Se 0.04, Zn 2.5 mg/kg=LOWOX) or a casein‐based AIN‐93‐M control diet (CTRL) for 7 months. During the last 3 months, the LOWOX mice were randomized to 4 nutritional interventions: a) continued LOWOX, b) supplementation with vitamin A/E 8000/600 IU/kg, Se 2, Zn 35 mg/kg (AOX), c) substitution of casein protein with leucine‐enriched whey protein (PROT) or d) a combination of both (TOTAL). Parameters of sarcopenia (muscle mass, grip strength and ex‐vivo muscle function), muscle fatigue (ex‐vivo exercise‐protocol), general oxidative status (liver malondialdehyde (MDA)) and muscle mitochondrial dynamics were measured by RT‐PCR.ResultsAfter 7 months LOWOX mice showed lower muscle strength and more muscle fatigue compared to CTRL. AOX mice displayed improved liver MDA, improved grip strength, less muscle fatigue and improved mitochondrial dynamics compared to LOWOX mice (P<0.05). Compared to LOWOX mice, the PROT group showed higher muscle power and grip strength, and less muscle fatigue (P<0.05). The TOTAL group showed the combined effects of both interventions compared to the LOWOX group (P<0.05).ConclusionsAOX‐deficiency has a negative impact on muscle strength and fatigue, possibly due to impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Supplementation of micronutrients with antioxidant properties in combination with a diet containing leucine‐enriched whey protein is an effective and optimal strategy to improve general state of fitness and muscle quality in aged antioxidant deficient mice. These findings are also relevant for human aging, especially the elderly and frail or sarcopenic population that often suffers from antioxidant deficiencies, increased oxidative stress and loss of muscle quality.
Changes in Nutrient Intakes by Age among U.S. Adults: Estimates from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2012
Authors: Mishra Suruchi , Goldman Joseph D , Sahyoun Nadine R , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAs adults age, there is a decrease in energy requirement while the needs for nutrients remain the same or even increase. The aim of this research is to examine nutrient intake from foods and beverages across various age groups of US adults aged 19 years and over.MethodsNationally representative dietary intake data of adults aged 19 years and over (N=10,686) participating in What We Eat in America, NHANES 2009–2012 were analyzed. Two days of dietary intake data were collected using the USDA Automated Multiple‐Pass Method. The first day was an in person 24‐hr recall followed by a telephone recall administered 3–10 days later. Nutrient density measured as nutrient intake per 1,000 calories was compared by age/gender groups (19–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, and 71+ years) for nutrients identified as the shortfall nutrients (vitamins A, D, E, C, folate, calcium, magnesium, fiber and potassium) in the Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Proportions of adults with usual intakes below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were estimated using National Cancer Institute (NCI) Method.ResultsOn a given day energy intake decreased and nutrient densities for dietary fiber, vitamins A, D, E, magnesium and potassium increased with age (p<0.001). Nutrient densities increased among older adults aged 71 years and over as compared to younger adults aged 19–30 years for dietary fiber (by at least 2.0 g/1,000 kcal), vitamin A (by at least 131 μg RAE/1,000 kcal), vitamin D (by at least 0.9 μg/1,000 kcal) and vitamin E (by at least 0.5 mg/1,000 kcal), magnesium (by at least 23 mg/1,000 kcal) and potassium (by at least 336 mg/1,000 kcal) (p<0.001). However, as compared to younger adults aged 19–30 years about a similar proportion of older adults aged 71 years and over were not meeting their Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamins D and E and a greater proportion were not meeting their EAR for calcium and magnesium.ConclusionWhile nutrient densities increased with age for some nutrients, diets of older adults should be more nutrient dense to meet their EAR for selected nutrients.
Anti‐Diabetic Efficacy of a Novel Fenugreek Seed (Trigonella foenum‐graecum, Fenfuro) Extract in Patients with Type‐2 Diabetes
Authors: BAGCHI DEBASIS , Swaroop Anand , Preuss Harry G , Bagchi Manashi , Kumar Pawan 
Published: November 2023

Fenugreek seeds are known to exhibit potent antioxidant, hypoglycemic and nephroprotective activities. Previous studies in our laboratories demonstrated the broad spectrum safety and efficacy of Fenfuro, a novel Trigonella foenum‐graecum seed extract enriched in furostanolic saponins, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats. We conducted a multi‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, add‐on clinical study evaluated over a period of 3 months the efficacy of Fenfuro (500 mg bid) in 154 male and female subjects (25–60 years) with T2D. This study examined the body weight, blood pressure and pulse rate, as well as the efficacy of Fenfuro on fasting and post‐prandial plasma sugar, HbA1c and fasting and post‐prandial C‐peptide levels. Fenfuro caused significant reduction in both fasting plasma and post‐prandial blood sugar levels. Approximately 83% of the subjects reported decrease in fasting plasma sugar levels in the Fenfuro group as compared to 62% in the placebo group, while 89% of the subjects demonstrated reduction in post‐prandial plasma sugar levels in the Fenfuro‐treated group as compared to 72% in the placebo group. HbA1c levels were reduced in both placebo and treatment groups. The decrease in HbA1c levels was significant in both groups as compared to respective baseline values. A significant increase in fasting and post‐prandial C‐peptide levels compared to the respective baseline values, were observed, while no significant changes in fasting and post‐prandial C‐peptide levels were observed between the two groups. Extensive blood chemistry analyses exhibited the broad spectrum safety of Fenfuro. Furthermore, 48.8% subjects reported reduced dosage of anti‐diabetic therapy in Fenfuro‐treated group, while 18.05% reported reduced dosage of anti‐diabetic therapy in the placebo‐group. Overall, Fenfuro proved safe and efficacious in ameliorating the symptoms of T2D in humans.Support or Funding InformationStudy Supported by Cepham Research Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
The Impact of Online Dietary Assessment to Efficiency of Nutrition Counseling: A Pilot
Authors: Watowicz Rosanna P , Wexler Randell Keith , Weiss Rick , Spees Colleen Kelleher , Taylor Christopher Alan 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionNutrition counseling is an important intervention for many chronic diseases and dietary assessment is a crucial component of any initial nutrition counseling visit. Although necessary, the process of collecting a detailed dietary assessment is time consuming and, in turn, decreases the amount of time available for nutrition education and goal setting. The objective of this study was to examine whether an online dietary assessment completed prior to a nutrition counseling visit was related to more efficient nutrition counseling visits.MethodsTwenty‐six adults were recruited out of primary care centers and were randomized to either the pre‐assessment group (n=13) or the control group (n=13). Participants in both groups then attended 2 nutrition counseling visits with registered dietitians in a local grocery store. The pre‐assessment group completed an online food frequency questionnaire prior to their first visit with the dietitian, to which the dietitian had access prior to the initial visit. The control group did not complete a dietary assessment before their visit. Following each visit, the dietitians reported the time spent on assessment, education, goal setting, and aisle tours, as well as the specific topics covered during the education portion. A depth score was also used to estimate the average depth of each of the topic covered in the session (1=basic introduction, 4=skill mastery activities).ResultsParticipants who completed the online dietary assessment questionnaire experienced a more in‐depth nutrition educational experience as a result of the detailed preliminary report. When compared to the control group, the provision of the dietary intake assessment questionnaire resulted in significantly less time spent on assessment (14 vs. 19 minutes) and significantly more time spent on education (33 vs. 26 minutes) and goal setting (13 vs. 11 minutes) during the initial 1 hour session. Although the dietitians reported a shorter time spent on dietary assessment during the visit, they also reported spending an average of 13 minutes reviewing the online assessments prior to the visit. Those who completed the assessment prior to their visits had a greater mean number of topics covered, as well as a greater average depth score.DiscussionCompleting a dietary assessment prior to the initial nutrition counseling visit allowed for a more efficient visit with the dietitian. More time was spent on education and goal setting and the breadth and depth of the initial visit was greater for those in the pre‐assessment group. Requesting that patients complete a detailed dietary assessment prior to their nutrition counseling visits may be a feasible method for improving nutrition care, however additional research testing this model on a wider scale is necessary.Support or Funding InformationThe Ohio State University Food Innovation Center
Effects of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) consumption on fecal microbiome of obese diabetic (db/db) mice
Authors: Noratto Giuliana , Garcia‐Mazcorro Jose , Mills David 
Published: November 2023

Quinoa, a gluten‐free pseudocereal native from the Andes, is known for its high nutritional value. Our aim was to investigate the effect of quinoa consumption on fecal microbial ecology of db/db mice.The db/db mice were fed AIN‐93G diet (obese) or AIN‐93 supplemented with quinoa (quinoa) for eight weeks. Lean counterpart controls were fed with AIN‐93G diet (lean). Fecal bacterial communities were analyzed using gene sequencing of 16S rRNA. Data was analyzed with Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) v.1.8.0. Predicted metabolic profiles were analyzed with the online Galaxy version of PICRUSt. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal contents were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography.Results showed that quinoa consumption induced significant differences in bacterial abundances. Quinoa group showed lean‐like abundances in Enterococcus, Turicibacter, and Akkermansia. The later has been negatively correlated with body weight. Interestedly, quinoa consumption delayed body weight gain during the first five weeks of dietary supplementation. Analysis of weighted UniFrac distances revealed a distinctive clustering of lean microbial communities from obese and quinoa groups (ANOSIM, P < 0.01). Contrasting with these results; the weighed analysis showed that quinoa group clustered separately from obese and lean. Out of the predicted metabolic functions, most significant differences were found in lean compared to obese and quinoa groups. Quinoa consumption was associated with lower cecal butyrate and succinic acid concentrations.These findings strongly indicate the complex interactions between diet, genetics, and gut microbial ecology, however further studies are needed to explore the clinical relevance of such interactions.Support or Funding InformationNew Faculty Seed Grant (# 3057‐9907)
Bioavailability of Long Chain Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Phospholipid‐Rich Herring Roe Oil in Men and Women with Mildly Elevated Triacylglycerols
Authors: Cook Chad M , Hallaråker Hogne , Sæbø Per Christian , Innis Sheila M , Kelley Kathleen M , Sanoshy Kristen D , Berger Alvin , Maki Kevin C 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe bioavailability of long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n‐3 PUFA) may differ depending on the source and processing of the oil.ObjectiveThis randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial assessed the bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) from two sources.MethodsThirty‐two adults with fasting triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations between 100–399 mg/dL were randomly assigned, with stratification by sex and age, to receive 12 capsules/day containing either phospholipid (PL)‐rich herring roe oil (Romega® 30, 628 mg/day EPA; 1810 mg/day DHA; 137 mg/day DPA) or TAG‐rich fish oil (575 mg/day EPA; 1843 mg/day DHA; 259 mg/day DPA) each for a 2‐week period separated by a 4 week washout. EPA, DHA, and DPA were measured in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) over a 12 h period following consumption of a single serving of each product, and in fasting blood samples obtained at the end of each 2‐week supplementation period.ResultsThirty‐one subjects completed the study and were included in an efficacy evaluable analysis. A majority were non‐Hispanic white (71.0%) men (n = 15) and women (n = 16) with a mean ± SEM age of 45.8 ± 2.0 y, BMI of 27.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2, and fasting TAG of 167 ± 9.8 mg/dL. The net incremental (ni)AUC0–12 h for EPA (161 vs. 97 μg*h/mL), DHA (87 vs. 40 μg*h/mL), and EPA+DHA (239 vs. 126 μg*h/mL) in plasma PC were significantly higher (p < 0.01 for all) after Romega 30 supplementation compared to fish oil. Similar results were observed when the niAUC0–12 h for plasma PC EPA, DHA, and DPA in response to the Romega 30 condition were mathematically normalized to account for differences in the intake of these fatty acids in the TAG‐rich fish oil (p < 0.001 for all). There was a significant increase (change from baseline) in fasting EPA (36 ± 3 μg/mL Romega 30; 31 ± 4 μg/mL fish oil), DHA (88 ± 7 μg/mL Romega 30; 80 ± 9 μg/mL fish oil), and DPA in plasma PC (p < 0.0001 for all) after 2 weeks of daily supplementation within both conditions, but there were no statistically significant differences between conditions. Both products were well tolerated, as there were no adverse events related to study product consumption, no differences in vital signs or body weight measurements between the two conditions, and the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms reported before the study were not different from similar measures taken at the end of each test period for each condition.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that PL‐rich immature herring roe is a well‐tolerated and highly bioavailable source of EPA, DHA, and DPA LC n‐3 PUFA.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Arctic Nutrition AS (Ørsta, Norway)
Effects of apple snacking on body weight status and metabolic profiles of overweight and obese children
Authors: Cabalbag Conralyn , Metti Dina , Tunstall Ashley , Almaiman Lama , Hong Mee Young , Kern Mark , Hooshmand Shirin 
Published: November 2023

Childhood obesity prevalence has increased and has been associated with continued obesity into adulthood with adverse health consequences. Consumption of fruits and dietary fibers have been shown to produce favorable impacts on risk for future chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for apple as a high‐fiber, nutrient‐rich snack to reduce body weight and improve associated comorbidities in overweight and obese children. Thirty‐three overweight or obese children ages 10 to 16 years with BMI ≥85th percentile of the CDC growth chart were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Individuals were provided with twice daily 120 kcal serving snacks of dried apple or a refined carbohydrate‐rich snack (muffins) for eight weeks. Body weight and waist circumference were determined at an initial visit and after the eighth week. Blood samples were collected at baseline and the final visit to measure serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, proinsulin, total adiponectin, and C‐reactive protein. Both apple and muffin groups did not pose significantly different results in terms of body weight; however, waist circumference tended (P=0.07) to increase within the muffin group. Biochemical markers were not significantly different between groups; however, total adiponectin concentration increased (p<0.05) after the eight‐week treatment within the apple group. Overall, apple snacks did not promote adiposity; whereas, a refined snack tended to increase waist circumference. Furthermore, apple consumption increased concentrations of adiponectin, which is associated with lower bodyweight and reduced CVD risk. These results provide promising results for future research of other populations or for a longer duration.Support or Funding InformationU.S. Apple Association