bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting the gravitational dipole direction for a partial sky survey
Authors: Avila F , Bernui A , de Carvalho E , Novaes C P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Abstract. The gravitational dipole approach is suitable for measuring β, the velocity parameter scale and, consequently, fσ
8, the product of the cosmic growth rate, f, and the matter density fluctuation on scales of 8 Mpc/h, σ
8. In cosmology, measurements of fσ
8 are important because they are a powerful tool for constraining alternative gravity models. However, in gravitational dipole analyses, if one uses a survey with incomplete sky coverage, this will certainly bias the measurement of the direction and magnitude of the dipole, which must be corrected accordingly. In this work we follow a new approach developed in ref. [1] to correct gravitational dipole measurements for partial sky data. Specifically, we study the gravitational dipole direction, important information to obtain an unbiased value of β. Our results show that, when comparing the velocity of the Local Group with the gravitational dipole, the correction procedure can actually recover the dipole direction with great precision, ensuring a robust result for β.
Synthesis by hand milling and structural, porous and superficial characterization of the zeolitic imidazolate framework-67
Authors: Díaz M , Lazo A N , Sedano R , Yparraguirre J A , Blas F , Loro H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the process of synthesis of the polycrystalline zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67), in which it was performed by hand milling, followed by centrifugation under an ethanol solution and free of irradiation. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the ZIF-67 has a cubic crystalline structure with lattice parameter of 17.01 Å frame type generating hollow cavities at the unit cell level. Nitrogen adsorption analysis shows that the ZIF-67 has a microporous characteristic with a specific surface area of 1966.37 m2/g and effective pore size of 1.6 nm.
κ-Exponential Inflation
Authors: Ribeiro B W , Cabral F C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigate a possible inflationary scenario where the expansion of the universe is driven by a slow evolution of a homogeneous single scalar field, whose potential V (φ) is given by an unusual κ-generalized power law. Within the slow-roll approximation we obtain several of the main predictions of the model, as the scalar spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, the number of e-folds, and the local non-Gaussianity. We also show that this model admits a much wider set of solutions than the usual exponential approach, and that their theoretical predictions are contemplated by the observational data.
Real-time inspection and fault detection for large photovoltaic arrays based on drones and deep learning algorithms
Authors: Yu Runze , Cui Yuxin , Wang Haoming , Edin Hans , Salinas Ener 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the installation of renewable energy generation systems based on photovoltaic (PV) panels has experienced massive increments and PV parks with thousands of panels are now becoming commonplace. Yet, there are some challenges, like inspection and fault detection. Lately, these operations have been approached using drones. This project adds the use of deep learning, more specifically proposes the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, the YOLOv5 model and Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) protocol to achieve real-time detection of PV panels failures. The YOLOv5 model was trained by sets sorted into 9 different categories including fault and abnormal objects’ coverage. This multi-class classification system was investigated by a variety of evaluation indexes to show effectiveness and accuracy. The system was also examined with its different fault classes. The performance results demonstrate that the mean average precision could reach up to 98% with a good training set, confirming the feasibility of proposed approaches.
Physics beyond the Standard Model with NA62
Authors: Tinti G. ,   the NA62 collaboration
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The NA62 experiment at CERN took data in 2016–2018 with the main goal of measuring the K
+ → νν̅ decay. The NA62 dataset is also exploited to search for light feebly interacting particles produced in kaon decays. Searches for K
+ → e
+
N and K
+ → μ
+
N decays, where N is a massive invisible particle, are performed. The N particle is assumed to be a heavy neutral lepton, and the results are expressed as upper limits of 𝒪(10-8) the neutrino mixing parameter |U14|2, where l = e,μ. Dedicated trigger lines were employed to collect di-lepton final states, which allowed stringent upper limits to be established for the rates lepton flavor and lepton number violating kaon decays. Upper limits on the rates of several K
+ decays violating lepton flavour and lepton number conservation, obtained by analysing this dataset, are presented here.
Study of fractography of ferritic ductile iron at different temperatures and loading conditions
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Wang Zekun , Sun Zhiren , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Kai , Ma Li , Wang Yuwei , Yang Sen , Huang Zherong , Wang Kaikun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study characterizes the fractography of ferritic ductile iron under various loads, including tensile, fatigue and bending, and impact conditions. The results indicate that ductile fracture is the primary mechanism observed during tensile testing at room temperature. The fractography resulting from fatigue testing exhibits characteristics similar to cleavage fracture, and explains the formation of fatigue striations caused by the joint effects of dislocation slip and oxidation under crack tip stress. Under impact testing, the main fracture mechanism transitions from ductile to brittle with decreasing temperature. At high temperatures, fractography is mainly characterized by elliptical dimples with graphite nodules at the center that deform along the stress direction. In the ductile-brittle transition temperature range, a mixed fracture mechanism involving both dimples and cleavage patterns is observed. At low temperatures, the fracture mechanism is cleavage fracture, cleavage fracture is mainly caused by the deformation twin, inducing crack nucleation. These findings further validate D.O.Frenandino’s quantitative analysis method for determining the main crack propagation direction of ductile fracture and brittle fracture. By employing larger statistical datasets, it is shown that this method yields high accuracy in determining the main crack propagation direction of ferritic ductile iron, thereby promoting its application as a general method for impact fractography analysis.
New Horizons in artificial intelligence in the healthcare of older people
Authors: Shiwani Taha , Relton Samuel , Evans Ruth , Kale Aditya , Heaven Anne , Clegg Andrew ,   Ageing Data Research Collaborative (Geridata) AI group, Abuzour Aseel , Alderman Joseph , Anand Atul , Bhanu Cini , Bunn Jonathan , Collins Jemima , Cutillo Luisa , Hall Marlous , Keevil Victoria , Mitchell Lara , Ogliari Giulia , Penfold Rose , van Oppen James , Vardy Emma , Walesby Katherine , Wilkinson Chris , Zucker Kieran , Todd Oliver 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare describes algorithm-based computational techniques which manage and analyse large datasets to make inferences and predictions. There are many potential applications of AI in the care of older people, from clinical decision support systems that can support identification of delirium from clinical records to wearable devices that can predict the risk of a fall. We held four meetings of older people, clinicians and AI researchers. Three priority areas were identified for AI application in the care of older people. These included: monitoring and early diagnosis of disease, stratified care and care coordination between healthcare providers. However, the meetings also highlighted concerns that AI may exacerbate health inequity for older people through bias within AI models, lack of external validation amongst older people, infringements on privacy and autonomy, insufficient transparency of AI models and lack of safeguarding for errors. Creating effective interventions for older people requires a person-centred approach to account for the needs of older people, as well as sufficient clinical and technological governance to meet standards of generalisability, transparency and effectiveness. Education of clinicians and patients is also needed to ensure appropriate use of AI technologies, with investment in technological infrastructure required to ensure equity of access.
How to construct a frailty index from an existing dataset in 10 steps
Authors: Theou Olga , Haviva Clove , Wallace Lindsay , Searle Samuel D , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The frailty index is commonly used in research and clinical practice to quantify health. Using a health deficit accumulation model, a frailty index can be calculated retrospectively from data collected via survey, interview, performance test, laboratory report, clinical or administrative medical record, or any combination of these. Here, we offer a detailed 10-step approach to frailty index creation, with a worked example.

Methods
We identified 10 steps to guide the creation of a valid and reliable frailty index. We then used data from waves 5 to 12 of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to illustrate the steps.

Results
The 10 steps are as follows: (1) select every variable that measures a health problem; (2) exclude variables with more than 5% missing values; (3) recode the responses to 0 (no deficit) through 1 (deficit); (4) exclude variables when coded deficits are too rare (&lt; 1%) or too common (&gt; 80%); (5) screen the variables for association with age; (6) screen the variables for correlation with each other; (7) count the variables retained; (8) calculate the frailty index scores; (9) test the characteristics of the frailty index; (10) use the frailty index in analyses. In our worked example, we created a 61-item frailty index following these 10 steps.

Conclusions
This 10-step procedure can be used as a template to create one continuous health variable. The resulting high-information variable is suitable for use as an exposure, predictor or control variable, or an outcome measure of overall health and ageing.
Molecular and morphological evidence of hybridization between two dimorphic sympatric species of Fuchsia (Onagraceae)
Authors: Indira Cervantes-Díaz Cinthya , Patiño-Conde Violeta , González-Rodríguez Antonio , Quesada Mauricio , Cuevas Eduardo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hybridization is commonly reported in angiosperms, generally based on morphology, and in few cases confirmed by molecular markers. Fuchsia has a long tradition of ornamental cultivars with different hybrids produced by artificial crosses, so natural hybridization between sympatric Fuchsia species could be common. Natural hybridization between F. microphylla and F. thymifolia was tested using six newly developed microsatellites for F. microphylla in addition to other molecular markers with codominant and maternal inheritance. Geometric morphometrics of leaves and floral structures were also used to identify putative hybrids. Hybrids showed a different degree of genetic admixture between both parental species. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences indicated that hybridization occurs in both directions, in fact, some of the hybrids showed new haplotypes for cpDNA and ITS (internal transcriber spacer of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes) sequences. The morphology of hybrid individuals varied between the two parental species, but they could be better identified by their leaves and floral tubes. Our study is the first to confirm the hybridization in natural populations of Fuchsia species and suggests that hybridization has probably occurred repeatedly throughout the entire distribution of the species. Phylogeographic analysis of both species will be essential to understanding the impact of hybridization throughout their complete distribution.
Metabolic characteristics of granulosa cell tumor: role of PPARγ signaling
Authors: Yu Seok-Yeong , Luan Yi , Xu Pauline C , Zhang Yaqi , Dong Rosemary , Abazarikia Amirhossein , Kim So-Youn 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Granulosa cell tumors are relatively rare, posing challenges for comprehension and therapeutic development due to limited cases and preclinical models. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, manifests in granulosa cell tumors with notable lipid accumulation and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a key lipid metabolism regulator. The roles of these features, however, remain unclear. In our previous work, we established a granulosa cell tumor model in mice by introducing a constitutively active Pik3ca mutant in oocytes, enabling the study of predictable tumor patterns from postnatal day 50. In this study, we characterized metabolic alterations during tumorigenesis (postnatal day 8 to day 50) and tumor growth (day 50 to day 65) in this model and explored the impact of PPARγ antagonism on human granulosa cell tumor proliferation. The tumor exhibited significant lipid accumulation, with PPARγ and the proliferation marker Ki67 co-localizing at postnatal day 65. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates that pathways for lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation are promoted during tumorigenesis and tumor growth, respectively. Overlappingly upregulated genes during tumorigenesis and tumor growth are associated with lipid metabolism pathways. Correspondingly, mouse granulosa cell tumor shows overexpression of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma and DGAT2 proteins at postnatal day 65. Furthermore, GW9662 reduces the proliferation of KGN human granulosa cell tumor cells and decreases the phosphorylation of AKT and SMAD3. Our findings identify metabolic abnormalities in ooPIK3CA* granulosa cell tumor model and suggest peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma as a potential driver for primary granulosa cell tumor growth.
Spleen function is reduced in individuals with NR5A1 variants with or without a difference of sex development: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cools Martine , Grijp Celien , Neirinck Jana , Tavernier Simon J , Schelstraete Petra , Van De Velde Julie , Morbée Lieve , De Baere Elfride , Bonroy Carolien , van Bever Yolande , Bruggenwirth Hennie , Vermont Clementien , Hannema Sabine E , De Rijke Yolanda , Abdulhadi-Atwan Maha , Zangen David , Verdin Hannah , Haerynck Filomeen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
NR5A1 is a key regulator of sex differentiation and has been implicated in spleen development through transcription activation of TLX1. Concerns exist about hypo- or asplenism in individuals who have a difference of sex development (DSD) due to an NR5A1 disease-causing variant. We aimed to assess spleen anatomy and function in a clinical cohort of such individuals and in their asymptomatic family member carriers.

Design
Cross-sectional assessment in 22 patients with a DSD or primary ovarian insufficiency and 5 asymptomatic carriers from 18 families, harboring 14 different NR5A1 variants.

Methods
Spleen anatomy was assessed by ultrasound, spleen function by peripheral blood cell count, white blood cell differentiation, percentage of nonswitched memory B cells, specific pneumococcal antibody response, % pitted red blood cells, and Howell–Jolly bodies.

Results
Patients and asymptomatic heterozygous individuals had significantly decreased nonswitched memory B cells compared to healthy controls, but higher than asplenic patients. Thrombocytosis and spleen hypoplasia were present in 50% of heterozygous individuals. Four out of 5 individuals homozygous for the previously described p.(Arg103Gln) variant had asplenia.

Conclusions
Individuals harboring a heterozygous NR5A1 variant that may cause DSD have a considerable risk for functional hyposplenism, irrespective of their gonadal phenotype. Splenic function should be assessed in these individuals, and if affected or unknown, prophylaxis is recommended to prevent invasive encapsulated bacterial infections. The splenic phenotype associated with NR5A1 variants is more severe in homozygous individuals and is, at least for the p.(Arg103Gln) variant, associated with asplenism.
The 52,000 gifts of the Gratitude Train: objects, emotions and Franco–American relations after the Second World War
Authors: Broch Ludivine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Gratitude Train was sent from France to America in 1949. Conceived as a ‘thank you’ for American help during and after the world wars, it contained 52,000 personal objects chosen and donated by French people who wanted to express their gratitude to Americans. The objects were divided between forty-nine boxcars, and each state received one of these boxcars containing approximately 1000 objects. What where these objects? Who sent them? Why have they been forgotten? Why do they matter? This article is interested not only in the story of the Gratitude Train, but in the stories within the objects themselves. By closely analysing a porcelain dog, a silver spoon and a painting, it traces the longer life biographies and trajectories of these objects and uncovers a range of both intended and unintended emotions as well as meanings, be they collective or individual. The unique and almost completely unknown Gratitude Train collection offers valuable inroads into our understanding of the relationship between objects, emotions and international relations, as well as into the materiality of gratitude at the heart of the age of extremes.
EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES IN COGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEMENTIA IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Herd Pamela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
According to the most recent (2020) Lancet commission report, one of the most important determinants of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) is educational attainment. For those aged 80 and older, the risk for dementia is three times lower for those with a college degree compared to those without a high school degree, with even larger educational disparities by ethnicity. Despite these large and persistent gaps, there is much we do not understand about the relationship between education and dementia. Moreover, we have yet to develop effective clinical treatments that substantially slow or reverse the course of dementia. In this context, unpacking the education—ADRD relationship may be key to understanding how to delay ADRD onset. This panel explores how genetic risk, early life conditions, ranging from cognition and the quality of schooling to mid life factors, may mediate and moderate the relationship between education and cognitive decline and dementia in later life. The papers also pay close attention to variance by gender and ethnicity.
INTERSECTIONAL AND BIOSOCIAL PATHWAYS TO COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER HISPANICS AND LATINOS
Authors: Garcia Catherine , Brown Lauren 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hispanics/Latinos are the fastest-growing segment of older adults in the United States (U.S.). They are at high risk for cognitive impairment (CI) and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). While increased research attention has been given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence the prevention, diagnosis, and care provided to Hispanics/Latinos with CI and ADRD, there are still theoretical and methodological gaps in clarifying the mechanisms and pathways that produce ADRD inequities, including life course and multilevel mechanisms. Given the diverse origins of Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. – in ethnic origin, birthplace, and current residence – it is crucial to understand how these social conditions get “under the skin” that influence cognitive function in older adulthood. Namely, it is important to unpack how different intersectional positions show different relationships with deprivation that influence cognitive and healthy aging. Thus, this study had two main objectives: (1) to examine the mediating role of physiological (dys)regulation between education and cognition, and (2) to understand for which Hispanic/Latino subgroups the interrelated relationships are stronger/weaker for. Correspondingly, we employed multigroup structural equation modeling to address our study objectives. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to discern and assess the effects between education, physiological factors, and cognitive function at baseline and follow-up by Hispanic/Latino subgroups (e.g., foreign-born Mexicans, U.S.-born Mexicans, island-born Puerto Ricans, foreign-born Cubans, etc.). The results from this study underscore the role of structural interventions and community engagement in reducing and eliminating cognitive health disparities among Hispanics/Latinos.
SELF-IDENTIFIED STRENGTHS AMONG ADULTS AGING SOLO WITH EARLY DEMENTIA
Authors: Lowers Jane , Datcher Ivree , Kavalieratos Dio , Hepburn Kenneth , Perkins Molly 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
People with Alzheimer’s and related dementias require increasing assistance with basic life activities, yet one in three lives alone (i.e., is aging solo). Drawing on a strengths-based perspective, this study seeks to identify barriers and facilitators to successful aging among adults who are aging solo with cognitive impairment or early dementia. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 adults aging solo with a diagnosis of cognitive impairment or early dementia (age 48-81, mean 69; 80% female; 86% white; 13% black; 7% Hispanic) and used a hybrid inductive/deductive thematic analysis approach to analyze the data. Participants identified self-advocacy, friendship networks, financial resources, and institutions (e.g., assisted living) as potential assets that could address future care needs. Participants described an identity as self-sufficient, fear of being a burden, and worries about exploitation as barriers to help-seeking. Facilitators to care-seeking from friends, neighbors, and others included a belief that helping is rewarding for others, being able to provide reciprocal favors, and framing care-seeking as self-advocacy. Conclusion: Adults aging solo with early dementia face a number of challenges but also exhibit numerous strengths and can use a diversity of skills, attitudes, relationships, and tangible resources to address increasing care needs.
INSIGHTS FROM A HAPF ALUMNUS ON AGING POLICY ADVOCACY IN SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Kusmaul Nancy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
“Once a fellow, always a fellow” and “Networks get things done”. The Health and Aging Policy Fellows Program has brought together experts in aging for more than ten years for policy education and fellowships, assembling an alumni network of more than one hundred and fifty fellows. Fellow alumni are social work scholars, physicians, nurses, gerontologists, sociologists, and many more. Each of these alumni completed one or more placements in policy making in congress, federal agencies, and advocacy organizations. Some have remained in those spaces while others are academics, state and local officials, and corporate leaders. They continue to advocate for and shape policy in aging in those positions. Told from the perspective of a non-residential program alumnus who is a mid-career faculty member in social work, this presentation will discuss the lessons learned during the fellowship, how the fellowship shaped future policy work, and present insights on how social workers can engage in policy advocacy in aging through the fellowship.