bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interceptors for Java Remote Method Invocation
Authors: Narasimhan N. , Moser L. E. , Melliar‐Smith P. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAn interceptor is a software mechanism that provides the hooks that are needed to introduce additional code dynamically into the execution path of an application. By exploiting interceptors, developers can enhance and potentially modify the behavior of an application at runtime without having to revise or recompile the application code. We have identified three distinct interception points for the Java Remote Method Invocation (JavaRMI) model, at the proxy level, the transport level and the shared library level of the JavaRMI model. The interceptors implemented at these interception points employ the DynamicProxy API, the RMISocketFactory API, and a library mediation approach, respectively. Our interceptor implementations are novel in that they are transparent to the application, add nominal latency overheads and are easy to deploy, requiring only minimal modifications to the application. We describe how the interceptors can be exploited to introduce additional services (such as logging and profiling mechanisms) to the JavaRMI runtime. In particular, we describe the use of interceptors in the Aroma System to enhance the existing JavaRMI model with support for fault‐tolerance through the consistent replication of JavaRMI objects. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance file I/O in Java: Existing approaches and bulk I/O extensions
Authors: Bonachea Dan , Dickens Phillip , Thakur Rajeev 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThere is a growing interest in using Java as the language for developing high‐performance computing applications. To be successful in the high‐performance computing domain, however, Java must not only be able to provide high computational performance, but also high‐performance I/O. In this paper, we first examine several approaches that attempt to provide high‐performance I/O in Java—many of which are not obvious at first glance—and evaluate their performance on two parallel machines, the IBM SP and the SGI Origin2000. We then propose extensions to the Java I/O library that address the deficiencies in the Java I/O API and improve performance dramatically. The extensions add bulk (array) I/O operations to Java, thereby removing much of the overhead currently associated with array I/O in Java. We have implemented the extensions in two ways: in a standard JVM using the Java Native Interface (JNI) and in a high‐performance parallel dialect of Java called Titanium. We describe the two implementations and present performance results that demonstrate the benefits of the proposed extensions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DISCOVER: An environment for Web‐based interaction and steering of high‐performance scientific applications
Authors: Mann V. , Matossian V. , Muralidhar R. , Parashar M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the design, implementation, and deployment of the DISCOVER Web‐based computational collaboratory. Its primary goal is to bring large distributed simulations to the scientists'/engineers' desktop by providing collaborative Web‐based portals for monitoring, interaction and control. DISCOVER supports a three‐tier architecture composed of detachable thin‐clients at the front‐end, a network of interaction servers in the middle, and a control network of sensors, actuators, and interaction agents at the back‐end. The interaction servers enable clients to connect and collaboratively interact with registered applications using a browser. The application control network enables sensors and actuators to be encapsulated within, and directly deployed with the computational objects. The application interaction gateway manages overall interaction. It uses Java Native Interface to create Java proxies that mirror computational objects and allow them to be directly accessed at the interaction server. Security and authentication are provided using customizable access control lists and SSL‐based secure servers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive deficits and bias: a direct comparison of two implicit measures of memory
Authors: Caseley‐Rondi Glenys , Gemar Michael , Segal Zindel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractRepeated findings of depressive deficits and mood‐congruent biases on explicit measures of memory have lent much support to cognitive models of depression. However, studies to date have been inconclusive with respect to such deficits or biases on implicit measures. Given current assertions that implicit use of memory is far more pervasive than explicit use, clarification of these issues has important implications for our understanding of cognitive factors in clinical depression and its treatment. We consider both these issues, and, in particular, we follow up the suggestion by Roediger and McDermott (1992) that conceptually driven implicit measures of memory are more appropriate to detect depressive bias than those that are typically used, which are perceptually driven. In this study we directly compare the memory performance of 24 clinically depressed patients with 24 nondepressed controls on a perceptually driven implicit task (fragment completion) and a comparable task that is more conceptually driven (cued fragment completion). Although depressive deficits were obtained on both these measures, no bias was revealed. We consider alternative research designs for clarification of these findings. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting health distress and at‐risk sexual behaviour in a group of Italian asymptomatic HIV‐infected people
Authors: Sica Claudio , Novara Caterina , Carosi Giampiero , Casari Salvatore , Dorz Stella , Nasta Paola , Sanavio Ezio 
Published: January 2005

AbstractOne hundred and one asymptomatic seropositive subjects (66% intravenous drug users, 22% heterosexuals and 12% homosexuals) were evaluated on demographic, medical and behavioral variables, using the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced and Medical Outcomes Study— HIV, together with questions on perceived social support. The homosexuals, those using coping strategies involving poor control of the situation, those with fewer years of seropositivity and the younger and less educated subjects more frequently adopted at‐risk sexual behavior. Avoidance and problem‐oriented strategies were predictive of health distress, whereas a positive attitude and the search for support appeared to offer some degree of protection against stress. No medical variable among those considered turned out to be linked to health distress. This study suggests that, in asymptomatic seropositive people, coping and social support are essential in managing the disease and of moderate importance in predicting at‐risk sexual behaviour. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of a supervised self‐help programme for bulimic disorders
Authors: Bell Lorraine , Hodder Lindsay 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSelf‐help programmes are recommended as cost‐effective initial interventions for the treatment of bulimic disorders. This is a report of the effectiveness of such a programme in routine clinical practice. Twenty‐one patients completed the programme and both pre‐ and post‐ measures. Patients were treated in a secondary mental health setting over an 11‐month period from July 1998 to June 1999. Outcome was assessed using standardized measures and records of symptom levels and drop‐out rates. Significant improvements in depression, bulimic symptom and severity were observed. Multi‐impulsive clients (as indicated by clinically significant scores on bingeing and two other areas of impulsivity) had similar levels of bulimia but higher depression scores pre‐treatment. They made significant gains in most areas but, despite reduction in depression scores, remained significantly depressed. They also made less improvement in disordered attitudes than non‐impulsive clients. A global measure of motivation did not predict drop‐out or outcome though numbers were small. Patients who used Getting Better Bit(e) by Bit(e) and received motivational enhancement sessions made a greater reduction in fasting behaviour and were less likely to drop out than those who used a more standard CBT programme, but these results could be due to other factors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive therapy in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder
Authors: Geremia Gina M. , Neziroglu Fugen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe present investigation was the first to evaluate cognitive therapy alone to treat body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Four patients with BDD were treated with cognitive therapy based upon Beck's (1967) model. A single‐subject multiple baseline design was used in which each subject served as his or her own control. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in which the duration of baseline and follow‐up differed. Dependent measures included the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination, the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, the Body Satisfaction Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Overvalued Ideas Scale. Three of the four patients reported statistically significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with their body parts. Two patients showed statistically significant decreases in body dysmorphic obsessions and compulsions. Two subjects reported statistically significant reductions in overvalued ideas. While the results show promise for the use of cognitive therapy in the treatment of BDD, further investigation is required. Further research is also recommended to directly compare exposure plus response prevention to cognitive restructuring and to evaluate their additive effect. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychotherapy quality control: the statistical generation of expected recovery curves for integration into an early warning system
Authors: Finch Arthur E. , Lambert Michael J. , Schaalje Bruce G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe results of the development of expected recovery curves for an empirically driven patient profiling system are presented. Patients undergoing a course of psychotherapy (N = 11 492) repeatedly took the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45). Scores across all patients were combined into an aggregate dataset for use in generating expected recovery curves based on severity of symptoms at intake. SAS PROC MIXED was used to create a mixed linear model of recovery curves based on OQ‐45 scores across sessions and the log transformation of session number. Mean estimates were established for each session from one to 20. Tolerance intervals were then created around each estimated mean score. Expected recovery curves were combined with tolerance intervals to create an early warning system capable of identifying patients whose slow progress suggests that they might be expected to have a negative therapy outcome (terminate treatment prior to obtaining a clinically significant benefit). Current efforts to establish a systematic quality improvement procedure using these curves are discussed. Charts of expected recovery values are plotted, and a straightforward system of patient profiling, early identification of treatment failures, and feedback to clinicians is described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialectical behaviour therapy as a treatment for deliberate self‐harm: case studies from a high security psychiatric hospital population
Authors: Low Gail , Jones David , Duggan Conor , MacLeod Andrew , Power Mick 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDeliberate self‐harm has recently assumed increasing importance in outpatient clinics, accident and emergency units, and psychiatric settings. One approach that has been shown to be effective in randomly controlled clinical trials is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993). DBT is a cognitive‐behavioural approach developed for Borderline Personality Disorder, the criteria of which include suicidal attempts, threats and gestures, as well as impulsive behaviour, including deliberate self‐harm. We assessed the efficacy of DBT in a high security psychiatric setting, where deliberate self‐harm is particularly common among the women patients. From the group of patients who participated in the therapy (N = 15), three cases were identified which illustrate the application of DBT, and which highlight specific strategies and their uses in different situations. Specific strategies which were most useful involved the skills training of Distress Tolerance, and Emotion Regulation. DBT is an holistic approach, addressing problematic thoughts as well as behaviour, and the package of skills taught can be considered particularly useful in regulating emotions and alleviating some of the distress experienced by individuals who engage in this behaviour. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wording effects in the Italian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire
Authors: Meloni Fiammetta , Gana Kamel 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to present an Italian version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), describe its factorial structure, and verify wording effects probably due to the presence of negatively keyed items. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a model containing trait and method factors. This means that the measure is likely to be contaminated by method effects. Thus, the relevance of negatively worded items in the PSWQ is questioned. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Cyanocyclopentadienyl)potassium and ‐cesium
Authors: Herdtweck Eberhardt , Köhler Frank H. , Mölle Rüdiger 
Published: January 2005

Abstract(Cyanocyclopentadienyl)potassium and ‐cesium have been synthesized and subsequently characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determinations, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in solution as well as by 133Cs NMR spectroscopy in solution and the solid‐state. Both salts crystallize in zigzag chains which are crosslinked differently through the cyano substituents. There is significant distortion of the cyanocyclopentadienide ion toward a fulvalene‐like structure because the alkali‐metal ions do not only interact with the five‐membered ring but also with the cyano groups. The 133Cs NMR spectra reflect the bending of the [CpCsCp]– fragments of the chains. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Oligopeptide Foldamers: From Structure to Function
Authors: Licini Giulia , Prins Leonard J. , Scrimin Paolo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPeptides may constitute important scaffolds for the construction of supramolecules. They can also provide critical elements that impart peculiar conformational properties to the molecule that can be exploited for carrying out specific functions, including catalysis. This microreview highlights recent advances in the field. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
On the performance of cooperative relaying protocols in wireless networks
Authors: Zimmermann Ernesto , Herhold Patrick , Fettweis Gerhard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCooperative relaying recently emerged as a viable option for future wireless networks. By simultaneously exploiting path loss savings known from relaying scenarios and the diversity inherent to any scheme involving spatially separated transmitters, this technique is able to leverage gains from both relaying and spatial diversity techniques. In this paper, we study different cooperative relaying protocols and compare their performance with that of direct transmission and conventional relaying. We investigate under which conditions the developed techniques provide gains over other approaches. Our results confirm that cooperative relaying is an effective means of enhancing the performance of wireless systems whenever temporal and frequency diversity is scarce. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Institutionalization of demented elderly: the role of caregiver characteristics
Authors: Pot Anne Margriet , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Knipscheer Cees P. M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundThree sets of caregiver characteristics were examined with respect to their explanatory value for institutionalization of demented elderly people: commitment to the caregiving relationship, psychological distress, and personality traits.MethodLogistic regression was used to test whether these caregiver characteristics were risk factors for institutionalization of demented elderly people in the first year after baseline measurement (N = 138). Control variables were caregivers' sex, age and education.ResultsThe results showed the importance of commitment to the caregiving relationship, indicated by type of relationship between caregiver and care recipient. Demented people cared for by non‐spouses were more likely to be institutionalized as compared to those cared for by spouses. For non‐spouse care‐givers, being more extravert increased the likelihood of institutional placement, whereas for spouse caregivers perceiving more pressure from informal increased this likelihood.ConclusionsThese findings are in agreement with the assumption that non‐spouses are less strongly committed to the caregiving relationship as compared to spouses. Results were independent from elders' impairment in cognitive functioning and (Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living. Caregivers' psychopathology was not a risk factor at all, which is a matter of concern, regarding the consequences for caregivers' own health and health‐care utilization, but also for their treatment of the demented elder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Care management and the care programme approach: towards integration in old age mental health services
Authors: Hughes Jane , Stewart Karen , Challis David , Darton Robin , Weiner Kate 
Published: January 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between care management arrangements and the Care Programme Approach (CPA) in the context of old age mental health services and, particularly, dementia services.MethodThe information reported is from a national study of care management arrangements, funded by the Department of Health. A response rate of 77% was obtained from local authority social services departments.ResultsIn old age mental health services over half of the respondents reported joint screening arrangements for health and social care, almost four‐fifths reported both joint criteria for the allocation of key workers and a clear definition of monitoring responsibilities. Of the latter over two‐fifths were reported as being the same in care management and the CPA. Forty‐six per cent of respondents provided a specialist service for people with dementia. Three‐fifths of respondents reported that they did not apply CPA to people with dementia who were in receipt of care management or did so in less than 20% of cases. Where the CPA was applied it was more likely that a priority would be accorded to care management. A quarter of respondents reported the shared use of assessment documentation for people with dementia.DiscussionThe findings are set in the context of service developments to date and the implementation of the two systems of community based coordinated care for older people with mental health problems. Inter‐authority variations are noted and the potential for greater service integration within the current legislative framework assessed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence and outcome of depression and dementia in Botany's elderly population
Authors: Snowdon J. , Lane F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundLarge epidemiological studies of adult populations have reported depression to be less prevalent in old age than among younger adults, whereas studies limited to older persons have reported rates that vary considerably, some showing high rates of depression. There was, therefore, reason to check data from a study that reported high rates, and to review evidence in relation to diagnosis and outcome.MethodRe‐examination of data from a 1985 survey of elderly people living at home (n = 146). Depression and cognitive impairment were also assessed in a local hostel (n = 42) and nursing home (n = 74). DSM diagnoses were made by an old age psychiatrist. In the nursing home, 23 other residents could not respond to interview questions but were considered to have severe dementia. Subjects in all three settings were followed up after 4 years.ResultsSeven community subjects (4.5%; confidence interval 1.3–8.3%) and three in residential care fulfilled criteria for major depression. The estimated total prevalence of depressive disorders among elderly in Botany was between 13.0 and 13.6% (4.6% major depression, 3.6% dementia with depression, 5.4% other depressive disorders). In 1985, the prevalence of dementia among those living at home was 11%. Four‐year mortality in the dementia cases was 60%.ConclusionsBotany has a high prevalence of dementia and depression among elderly people. The recent cross‐age. Australian study of mental health and well‐being provided an inaccurate report concerning the pattern of mental disorders in old age. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A double blind, randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of augmenting standard antidepressant therapy with nimodipine in the treatment of ‘vascular depression’
Authors: Taragano Fernando E. , Allegri Ricardo , Vicario Augusto , Bagnatti Pablo , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground‘Vascular depression’ may be caused by cerebrovascular disease. Calcium channel blockers, which are putative treatments for cerebrovascular disease, might be expected to improve depression reduction and to prevent recurrence of depression in this patient population. This clinical trial was designed to test these hypotheses.DesignThis was a controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial in which 84 patients with vascular depression (Alexopoulos criteria) were treated with antidepressants at standard doses. Patients were also randomized to nimodipine (n = 40) or an inactive comparator, vitamin C (n = 44). Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) regularly up to 300 days after treatment initiation.ResultsAs expected, depression reduction was successful in most patients. In addition, those treated with nimodipine plus an antidepressant had greater improvements in depression overall in repeated measures ANCOVA (F(1,81) = 8.64, p = 0.004). As well a greater proportion of nimodipine‐treated participants (45 versus 25%) exhibited a full remission (HDRS ≤10) (χ2(df, 1) = 3.71, p = 0.054). Among those experiencing a substantial response in the first 60 days (50% reduction in HDRS), fewer patients on nimodipine (7.4%) had a recurrence of major depression when compared to those on antidepressant alone (32%) (χ2(df, 1) = 3.59, p = 0.058).ConclusionsIn treating vascular depression, augmentation of antidepressant therapy with a calcium‐channel blocker leads to greater depression reduction and lower rates of recurrence. These findings support the argument that cerebrovascular disease is involved in the pathogenesis and recurrence of depression in these patients. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.