bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of implant design and limb alignment on in vivo wear rates of fixed‐bearing and rotating‐platform knee implant retrievals
Authors: Dreyer Michael J. , Weisse Bernhard , Contreras Raggio José Ignacio , Zboray Robert , Taylor William R. , Preiss Stefan , Horn Nils 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnalysis of polyethylene (PE) wear in knee implants is crucial for understanding the factors leading to revision in total knee arthroplasty. Importantly, current experimental and computational methods for predicting insert wear can only be validated against true in vivo measurements from retrievals. This study quantitatively investigated in vivo PE wear rates in fixed‐bearing (FB) (n = 21) and rotating‐platform (n = 53) implant retrievals. 3D surface geometry of the retrievals was measured using a structured light scanner. Then, a reference surface that included the deformation, but not the wear that the retrievals had experienced in vivo, was constructed using a fully automatic surface reconstruction algorithm. Finally, wear volume was calculated from the deviation between the worn and reconstructed surfaces. The measurement and analysis techniques were validated and the algorithm was found to produce errors of only 0.2% relative to the component volumes. In addition to quantifying cohort‐level wear rates, the effect of mechanical axis limb alignment on mediolateral wear distribution was examined for a subset of the retrievals (n = 14 + 26). Our results show that FB implants produce significantly (p = 0.04) higher topside wear rates (24.6 ± 10.1 mm3/year) than rotating‐platform implants (15.3 ± 8.0 mm3/year). This effect was larger than that of limb alignment, which had a smaller and nonsignificant influence on overall wear rates (+4.5 ± 11.6 mm3/year, p = 0.43). However, increased varus alignment was associated significantly with greater medial compartment wear in both the FB and rotating‐platform designs (+1.7 ± 1.3%/° and +1.8 ± 1.6%/°). Our findings emphasize the importance of implant design and limb alignment on wear outcomes, providing reference data for improving implant performance and longevity.
Impact of degeneration and material pairings on cartilage friction: Cartilage versus glass
Authors: de Roy Luisa , Schlickenrieder Klaus , Rüger Matthias , Faschingbauer Martin , Ignatius Anita , Seitz Andreas M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe association of knee joint osteoarthritis and altered frictional properties of the degenerated cartilage remains ambiguous, because previous in vitro studies did not consider the characteristic loads and velocities during gait. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the friction behavior of degenerated human cartilage under characteristic stance and swing phase conditions. A dynamic pin‐on‐plate tribometer was used to test the tribological systems of cartilage against cartilage and cartilage against glass, both with synthetic synovial fluid as lubricant. Using the International Cartilage Repair Society classification, the cartilage samples were assigned to a mildly or a severely degenerated group before testing. Friction coefficients were calculated under stance and swing phase conditions at the beginning of the test and after 600 s of testing. The most important finding of this study is that cartilage against glass couplings displayed significantly higher friction for the severely degenerated samples compared to the mildly degenerated ones, whereas cartilage against cartilage couplings only indicated slight tendencies under the observed test conditions. Consequently, care should be taken when transferring in vitro findings from cartilage against cartilage couplings to predict the friction behavior in vivo. Therefore, we recommend in vitro tribological testing methods which account for gait‐like loading conditions and to replicate physiological material pairings, particularly in preclinical medical device validation studies.
Influence of tissue desiccation on critical temperature for thermal damage during Er:YAG laser skin treatments
Authors: Lukač Matjaž , Košir Jure , Žel Tilen , Kažič Marko , Šavli Dominik , Jezeršek Matija 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesErbium lasers have become an accepted tool for performing both ablative and non‐ablative medical procedures, especially when minimal invasiveness is desired. Hard‐tissue desiccation during Er:YAG laser procedures is a well‐known phenomenon in dentistry, the effect of which is to a certain degree being addressed by the accompanying cooling water spray. The desiccation of soft tissue has attracted much less attention due to the soft tissue's high‐water content, resulting in a smaller effect on the ablation process.Materials and methodsIn this study, the characteristics of skin temperature decay following irradiations with Er:YAG laser pulses were measured using a fast thermal camera.ResultsThe measurements revealed a substantial increase in temperature decay times and resulting thermal exposure times following irradiations with Er:YAG pulses with fluences below the laser ablation threshold. Based on an analytical model where the skin surface cooling time is calculated from the estimated thickness of the heated superficial layer of the stratum corneum (SC), the observed phenomena is attributed to the accelerated evaporation of water from the SC's surface. By using an Arrhenius damage integral‐based variable heat shock model to describe the dependence of the critical temperature on the duration of thermal exposure, it is shown that contrary to what an inexperienced practitioner might expect, the low‐to‐medium level fluences may result in a larger thermal damage in comparison to treatments where higher fluences are used. This effect may be alleviated by hydrating the skin before Er:YAG treatments.ConclusionOur study indicates that tissue desiccation may play a more important role than expected for soft‐tissue procedures. It is proposed that its effect may be alleviated by hydrating the skin before Er:YAG treatments.
Evaluation of pH variation in cathodic protection conditions by FEM simulation
Authors: Attarchi Mehdi , Ormellese Marco , Brenna Andrea 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCathodic protection is an electrochemical technique used to control the corrosion of metals. It does this by sending a proper amount of current equal to the current required by the cathodic processes at the protection potential. One of the chemical effects of cathodic protection is a local pH increase at the surface, which is an important factor in the reduction of corrosion rate, as carbon steel may work in a passive condition. In the present study, a tertiary current distribution finite element method model is introduced. A dynamic boundary condition is considered, by defining a Fe anodic Tafel slope as a pH function, and oxygen reduction reaction limiting current density as a function of available oxygen at the cathode surface. The model has been validated by direct pH measurement during a short‐term polarization test, and subsequently used to predict the pH and the available oxygen at the cathode surface for long‐term condition.
Material extrusion additive manufacturing of dual material composite thermoset silicone components
Authors: Peeke Lachlan M. , Liu Wenbo , Periyasamy Mookkan , Campbell Ronald R. , Sassano Elizabeth , Hajduczek Wojciech J. , Hickner Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive manufacturing process that gives designers freedom to create highly complex shapes through free‐form fabrication. The majority of polymers used in extrusion AM are thermoplastics because they are easy to process in affordable machines. While there are a number of moderate modulus thermoplastics in regular use in AM, thermoplastics are known to weaken with increases in temperature or exposure to solvents and many commodity thermoplastics used in AM are brittle. On the other hand, there are few elastomers, and even fewer elastomer reinforcement schemes, that are accessible using standard AM technologies. In this work, we report a novel dual extrusion process that integrates elastomeric silicone with reinforcing thermoplastic. By developing and demonstrating a dual extrusion 3D printer that can process common thermoplastics with commercially available thermosetting silicones, new types of composite elastomers are reported with good mechanical performance. The 0°/20°/−20° grid pattern thermoplastic reinforced samples achieved 2.5 MPa tensile strength in low extension region (0.5 strain), which improves the initial stiffness of the composite component. Desired mechanical responses of composite structures can be realized by tuning the reinforcement volume ratio and infill percentages, and applying various types of reinforcement mesh patterns and thermoplastics.Highlights
A dual extrusion process integrates fus filament fabrication and direct ink writing technologies.
Thermoplastic reinforced silicone composite with stiff/soft properties.
Tunable volume ratio, infill percentage, mesh pattern, and material option.
Visible Mie resonances in dielectric hollow spheres: Principle, regulation, and applications
Authors: Yao Xiaxi , Hong Xuekun , Liu Yiding 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDielectric nanostructures have recently been frequently employed as building blocks for photonic structures due to their advantages, including low energy dissipation, good chemical stability, and distinct resonant properties compared to plasmonic nanostructures. One of the most important principles that governs the optical property of dielectric nanoparticles is Mie resonance, which highly depends on dielectric property, size, morphology, and assembly structures of the nanoparticles as well as the surrounding environment. Among diverse types of Mie‐resonant nanoparticles, hollow spheres are particularly attractive as they can reduce multiple scattering and elongates the mean free path of the light passing through, which results in enhanced Mie resonance compared to solid particles and benefits a broad range of applications including structural color and beyond. This article aims at reviewing the recent development of Mie‐resonant hollow spheres from aspects starting from a brief theoretical introduction of Mie resonance in hollow spheres, principles for regulation of the resonances, followed by common strategies for synthesis, and recent advances in applications of Mie‐resonant hollow spheres. Remarks on the challenges and future opportunities in this area will also be presented.
End Group Engineering for Constructing A−D−A Fused‐Ring Photosensitizers with Balanced Phototheranostics Performance
Authors: Lu Bing , Xia Jiachen , Quan Hui , Huang Yuying , Zhang Zhecheng , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhototheranostics continues to flourish in cancer treatment. Due to the competitive relationships between these photophysical processes of fluorescence emission, photothermal conversion, and photodynamic action, it is critical to balance them through subtle photosensitizer designs. Herein, it is provided a useful guideline for constructing A−D−A photosensitizers with superior phototheranostics performance. Various cyanoacetate group‐modified end groups containing ester side chains of different length are designed to construct a series of A−D−A photosensitizers (F8CA1 ∼ F8CA4) to study the structure‐property relationships. It is surprising to find that the photophysical properties of A−D−A photosensitizers can be precisely regulated by these tiny structural changes. The results reveal that the increase in the steric hindrance of ester side chains has positive impacts on their photothermal conversion capabilities, but adverse impacts on the fluorescence emission and photodynamic activities. Notably, these tiny structural changes lead to their different aggregation behavior. The molecule mechanisms are detailedly explained by theoretical calculations. Finally, F8CA2 nanoparticles with more balanced photophysical properties perform well in fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal and type I&II photodynamic synergistic cancer therapy, even under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, this work provides a novel practicable construction strategy for desired A−D−A photosensitizers.
Ampere‐Level Current Density CO2 Reduction with High C2+ Selectivity on La(OH)3‐Modified Cu Catalysts
Authors: Hu Shuqi , Chen Yumo , Zhang Zhiyuan , Li Shaohai , Liu Heming , Kang Xin , Liu Jiarong , Ge Shiyu , Wang Jingwei , Lv Wei , Zeng Zhiyuan , Zou Xiaolong , Yu Qiangmin , Liu Bilu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) driven by electricity can transform CO2 into high‐value multi‐carbon (C2+) products. Copper (Cu)‐based catalysts are efficient but suffer from low C2+ selectivity at high current densities. Here La(OH)3 in Cu catalyst is introduced to modify its electronic structure towards efficient CO2RR to C2+ products at ampere‐level current densities. The La(OH)3/Cu catalyst has a remarkable C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FEC2+) of 71.2% which is 2.2 times that of the pure Cu catalyst at a current density of 1,000 mA cm−2 and keeps stable for 8 h. In situ spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations both show that La(OH)3 modifies the electronic structure of Cu. This modification favors *CO adsorption, subsequent hydrogenation, *CO─*COH coupling, and consequently increases C2+ selectivity. This work provides a guidance on facilitating C2+ product formation, and suppressing hydrogen evolution by La(OH)3 modification, enabling efficient CO2RR at ampere‐level current densities.
Creating Sustainable Products
Authors: Ries Lena , Wartzack Sandro , Zipse Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOn the Road to Net Zero, products must not only become CO2-neutral in the consumption phase, but the environmental impact needs to be mitigated from the extraction of the raw materials to their end-of-life disposal. The consideration of the entire life cycle—cradle to cradle—as well as rising consumer demand for sustainable products—requires a new paradigm in product design: Design for circularity. Circular design focuses on developing design strategies that enable circularity, such as material selection, design for disassembly, product lifetime extension strategies, and the design of closed-loop systems. Thus, the first section after the introduction of this chapter (Sect. 5.2) provides an overview of the research field of design for circularity. After reviewing the concept of the circular economy (CE), different frameworks for operationalizing the CE are outlined. Based on this review and discussion, we derive three implications for circular design: a change in product design, a change in service design, and a change in user behavior. Finally, we address the implementation challenges that manufacturing companies face when transitioning to a CE. In the subsequent expert discussion (Sect. 5.3) between Oliver Zipse and Prof.-Ing. Sandro Wartzack, these issues are reflected upon from a practitioner’s perspective. In the final section of this chapter (Sect. 5.4), future avenues of research are presented, and the challenges and opportunities of circular design strategies are discussed.
Sustainability in Manufacturing Transforming
Authors: Hanenkamp Nico , Zipse Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile consensus often exists regarding the principles of sustainability, their implementation on the shop floor is a challenge for every manufacturing company. The three dimensions of sustainable production—social, ecological, and economic—must be considered equally when planning investments or improving operational efficiency. In doing so, the implementation reveals additional efficiency potential because the three dimensions interact positively. For example, improved working conditions address the social aspect of sustainability, but they also have a positive impact on motivation and productivity. However, sustainability in operations depends strongly on innovation and research. First, electrification technologies to generate, store, and transport electrical energy will play major roles in the factory of the future. Second, circular processes that close loops in material and energy use will increase efficiency and positively impact sustainability. Finally, innovative manufacturing and digitalization technologies provide further improvements in sustainability. Successful companies on the path to sustainability do not interpret sustainability principles as an end in themselves. These companies have a clear vision of the factory of the future in mind, characterized by sustainable manufacturing processes on the shop floor, a high degree of digitalization and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate data compatible with accepted sustainability standards, and the coupling of different systems and processes.
Introduction
Authors: Yu Zhen , Feng Jie , Tang Shiyang , Liu Zeyu , Yan Yiran , Luo Na 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, various natural disasters have been occurring frequently and showing an increasing trend. Disasters such as typhoons, heavy rainfall, geological earthquakes, snow and ice storms, and others have caused significant losses to the power grid, severely impacting the safe and stable operation of the grid and the normal production and operation of companies.
Multiple Information Collection Technology of Power Network Disaster Loss
Authors: Yu Zhen , Feng Jie , Tang Shiyang , Liu Zeyu , Yan Yiran , Luo Na 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the field of wireless sensor network in the application and research and development, foreign countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea and other countries started earlier, and their overall strength is strong. The United States “smart grid”, “smart Earth”, the European “Internet of Things Action Plan” and the “U Society” strategy based on the Internet of Things in Japan and South Korea have been implemented, and the Internet of Things has become an important means to seize the “post-crisis” era to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of countries. In China, wireless sensor networks began to develop after the concept of intelligent dust was put forward, and with the deepening of research on it, it has gradually expanded from the application of national defense and military fields to environmental monitoring, medical health, seabed exploration, forest fire fighting and other fields, and it is included in the future emerging technology development plan, and focus on the application of biotechnology, chemistry and other aspects. After that, the scientific community focused its research on secure and scalable networks, sensor systems and other networks, which prompted scholars from all walks of life to gradually participate in the research and development process of wireless sensor networks.
A hybrid type I + III inverse seesaw mechanism in U(1)R−L-symmetric MSSM
Authors: Ayber Cem Murat , Ipek Seyda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We show that, in a U(1)R−L-symmetric supersymmetric model, the pseudo-Dirac bino and wino can give rise to three light neutrino masses through effective operators, generated at the messenger scale between a SUSY breaking hidden sector and the visible sector. The neutrino-bino/wino mixing follows a hybrid type I+III inverse seesaw pattern. The light neutrino masses are governed by the ratio of the U(1)R−L-breaking gravitino mass, m3/2, and the messenger scale ΛM. The charged component of the SU(2)L-triplet, here the lightest charginos, mix with the charged leptons and generate flavor-changing neutral currents at tree level. We find that resulting lepton flavor violating observables yield a lower bound on the messenger scale, ΛM ≳ (500 − 1000) TeV for a simplified hybrid mixing scenario. We identify interesting mixing structures for certain U(1)R−L-breaking singlino/tripletino Majorana masses. For example, in some parameter regimes, bino or wino has no mixing with the electron neutrino. We also describe the rich collider phenomenology expected in this neutrino-mass generation mechanism.
Unified and accurate simulation for large elastic strain responses of rubberlike soft materials under multiple modes of loading
Authors: Kang Jia , Tan Long-Xu , Liu Quan-Pu , Wang Si-Yu , Bruhns Otto T. , Xiao Heng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new and explicit form of the multi-axial elastic potential for elastic soft materials is constructed by means of two invariants of the Hencky strain. The new elasticity model with this form can bypass coupling complexities and uncertainties usually involved in parameter identification. Namely, exact closed-form solutions of decoupled nature are obtainable for stress responses under multiple benchmark modes. Unlike usual solutions with numerous coupled parameters, such new solutions are independent of one another and, as such, data sets for multiple benchmark modes can be separately matched with mutually independent single-variable functions. A comparative study is presented between a few well-known models and the new model. Results show that predictions from the former agree well with uniaxial and biaxial data, as known in the literature, but would be at variance with data for the constrained stress response in the plane-strain extension. In contrast, predictions from the new model agree accurately with all data sets. Furthermore, exact solutions for the Poynting effect of freely twisted elastic thin-walled tube are obtained from the new model.
Constitutional alignment predicts medial ligament balancing in mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty for varus knees
Authors: Ho Jade Pei Yuik , Cho Joon Hee , Nam Hee Seung , Park Seong Yun , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to identify if constitutional alignment and preoperative radiologic parameters determined whether medial gap balancing was required in mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsTwo hundred and sixty three patients with 394 consecutive knees who underwent primary TKAs were retrospectively analysed in this study. Selective sequential multiple needle puncturing (MNP) was performed for medial ligament balancing when required. Constitutional alignment, which was determined using the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification, as well as preoperative and postoperative radiologic parameters was evaluated to identify factors which predicted the need for MNP.ResultsOne hundred and fifty eight (40.1%) knees required medial ligament balancing with MNP. Patients who required MNP during surgery had significantly more constitutional varus, more varus preoperative mechanical Hip–Knee–Ankle angle (mHKA), smaller preoperative medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and a larger change in mHKA and MPTA after surgery than those who did not. Patients with constitutional varus also had a higher incidence of having had MNP to both anterior and posterior superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) fibres. There was no significant difference in preoperative lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), posterior tibial slope (PTS) and varus–valgus difference (VVD) between groups.ConclusionLigament balancing using MNP was determined by constitutional alignment rather than medial soft tissue contracture. Patients with constitutional varus who had a larger medio‐lateral gap difference in extension also had a higher incidence of having had MNP to both anterior and posterior sMCL fibres.Level of evidenceRetrospective comparative study, level IV.