bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallation of Ligands with Biological Activity: Synthesis and X‐Ray Characterization of [UO2(PN)2(H2O)]Cl2{PN = vitamin B6 pyridoxine[2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4, 5‐bis(hydroxymethyl) pyridine]}
Authors: Bonfada Élida , de Oliveira Gelson Manzoni , Back Davi Fernando , Schulz Lang Ernesto 
Published: March 2005

AbstractChloridrate of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) reacts with UO2(NO3)2·6H2O in acetonitril containing triethylamine to give the complex salt [UO2(PN)2(H2O)]Cl2. The structure of the novel compound was analyzed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction affording the centrosymmetric triclinic space group ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$. In [UO2(PN)2(H2O)]2+ two zwitterionic pyridoxine molecules complex the uranium atom in a planar manner with a water molecule achieving the coordination of a semi planar pentagon. The two uranyl oxo ligands set the axis of a distorted pentagonal bipyramide. The ability of vitamin B6 pyridoxine to react with UO22+ allowing the chelation of one uranium atom represents a very specific model of assimilation of uranium by living beings. It could also explain the serious damages caused by heavy or radioactive metals like uranium since their complexation “in vivo” by enzymatic systems like pyridoxal phosphate‐containing enzymes would lead to a modification of the prosthetic groups of the metalloenzymes with loss of their catalytic activities.
A Chiral Amide Derivative with the β‐P4S3 Cage Skeleton
Authors: Tattershall Bruce W. , Booth Claire L. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe diamide exo, exo‐β‐P4S3(NHCH(Me)Ph)2 has been made in solution using enantiomerically pure or racemic PhCH(Me)NH2, and its three diastereomers characterised by complete analysis of their 31P{1H} NMR spectra.The unsymmetric diastereomer contains phosphorus atoms, made chemically non‐equivalent by the chirality of the substituents, which show a large 2J(P—P—P) coupling to each other (225.2 Hz).
Cystic Fibrosis Prenatal Screening in Genetic Counseling Practice: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Langfelder‐Schwind Elinor , Kloza Edward , Sugarman Elaine , Pettersen Barbara ,   NSGC Subcommittee on Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Testing, Brown Trisha , Jensen Kim , Marcus Seth , Redman Joy 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor over a decade, prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been considered a model for the integration of genetic testing into routine medical practice. Data from pilot studies and public policy discourse have led to recommendations by some professional organizations that CF screening should be offered or made available to pregnant women and their partners, and to couples planning a pregnancy. It is crucial that genetic counselors gain thorough understanding of the complexities of CF and the implications of positive test results, so that they may serve as a reliable, educated referral base and resource for health care providers and their patients. While not all pregnant women will be referred for genetic counseling prior to CF carrier testing, genetic counselors often will be asked to counsel clients after they have a positive test result, or who are found to be at increased risk. Genetic counselors can play an important role in providing accurate and current information as well as support for patients’ informed decisions. These recommendations were created by a multicenter working group of genetic counselors with expertise in CF and are based on personal clinical experience, review of pertinent English language medical articles, and reports of expert committees. The recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does the use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. These recommendations do not displace a health care provider's professional judgment based on the clinical circumstances of a particular client.
Left ventricular SERCA2a gene down‐regulation does not parallel ANP gene up‐regulation during post‐MI remodelling in rats
Authors: Prunier Fabrice , Chen Ying , Gellen Barnabas , Heimburger Michéle , Choqueux Christine , Escoubet Brigitte , Michel Jean‐Baptiste , Mercadier Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBackgroundIn most animal models of chronic hemodynamic overload of the left ventricle (LV) as well as in human end stage heart failure, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA2a) mRNA levels are decreased in parallel with increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA levels. The situation in the remote myocardium following myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear.Aims(1) To examine SERCA2a mRNA levels in the non‐infarcted LV myocardium of rats at the chronic stage of experimental MI and (2) To examine whether a negative linear correlation exists between SERCA2a and ANP mRNA levels in this model.MethodsAnesthetized adult male Wistar rats underwent left coronary artery ligation or sham operation. Three months later, the rats were divided into three groups: sham‐operated rats (sham, n=21), HF‐free rats with MI (non‐failing (NF)‐MI, n=29) and rats with both MI and HF (congestive heart failure (CHF)‐MI, n=14). LV remodelling and function were assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. SERCA2a and ANP mRNA levels were determined by Northern and dot blot analysis with specific cDNA probes.ResultsLV SERCA2a mRNA levels varied markedly in sham‐operated rats (0.9–1.8). Mean ANP mRNA level increased markedly and mean SERCA2a mRNA level decreased moderately in the remote myocardium. In some NF‐MI rats, SERCA2a mRNA levels were higher than those in some sham controls. Whereas ANP mRNA levels correlated well with MI severity (r2=0.79, p<0.001), this was not the case for SERCA2a mRNA levels (r2=0.42, p<0.01). We found no negative correlation between ANP and SERCA2a mRNA levels.ConclusionSERCA2a gene down‐regulation in the non‐infarcted myocardium of rats with MI does not correlate with ANP gene up‐regulation, suggesting that the two genes are not antithetically regulated.
Personal collective in Chinese
Authors: ILJIC ROBERT 
Published: March 2005

Plural markers in some languages are quite unlike their Indo-European counterparts in that their use does not depend only on number but also on other considerations (pragmatic, perspective-related and so on). This article gives an insight into how such plurals work, based on a careful analysis of the suffix -men in Mandarin Chinese.The notion of personal collective is what universally underlies the so-called plural of personal pronouns. Benveniste (1966) has shown that in this case pluralization does not amount to an addition or multiplication of elements, but to what he calls ‘amplification of persons’, that is, a collective. In Chinese it is this pronominal plural that has been extended, under certain conditions, to nouns.It is claimed that the occurrence of -men is governed by the conjunction of number (n>1) and person (reference to a subject-origin). Grammatical person is taken to refer to the space (and positions within it) organized around a subject-origin, normally the speaker. -Men requires that entities be related to a human locator who performs the role of the deictic centre and acts as the origin of point of view. The required conditions are by definition met with personal pronouns, which is why -men is obligatory, but are seldom satisfied with nouns, which is why the latter take the suffix only rarely. Most remarkably, when nouns are not reducible to pronouns, the occurrence of -men is associated with a shift in perspective. The group is considered from the point of view of a locator distinct from the speaker, not from that of the speaker. The speaker being essentially free to shift his viewpoint or not, this explains why -men is optional (though not arbitrary) with nouns in such contexts. Note that, all else being equal (n>1), the contrast between N and N-men is not one of number but of point of view (external versus internal point of view). In summary, the suffix operates in all cases with reference to a subject-origin, either the speaker or a protagonist whose point of view is provisionally adopted by the narrator.The case of Chinese, far from being exotic, is a meaningful illustration of the interaction between the grammatical categories of number and person. This study opens up new typological perspectives in terms of grammaticalization of the pronominal versus nominal plural across languages.
Memory and Innovation in Post-Holocaust France
Authors: Best Victoria , Robson Kathryn 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This special issue explores different representations of cultural memory in France since the Holocaust, a period overshadowed by historical trauma (wars, decolonization, genocide), in which memory has become an increasingly dominant cultural obsession. Contested representations of cultural memory have given rise to important critical and philosophical debates, which pivot on the relation between memory and history, the individual and the collective. Covering a broad range of spheres including literature, cultural history and theory, psychoanalysis and film, the essays collected here draw on and contribute to these critical debates in analyses that seek to rethink the relation between memory and representation. Where recent critical work on cultural memory has tended to emphasize its failures and frustrations, these essays highlight a different model of memory as innovation and creative representation. Central to all the essays is the idea that memories are constructed and mediated via specific culturally constructed frames, within which individual memory is irrevocably and sometimes troublingly bound up with collective modes of remembering. Yet the representations of memory examined here show how memory can work productively in and through tensions such as the relation between the individual and the collective without trying to overcome them: these tensions remain as crucial elements in the quest to find new forms of representation of memory.
Similar Motor Block Effects and Disposition Kinetics between Lidocaine and (±)Mepivacaine in Patients Undergoing Axillary Brachial Plexus Block during Day Case Surgery
Authors: Simon Marc A. M. , Vree Tom B. , Gielen Mathieu J.M. , Booij Leo H.D.J. , Lagerwerf Aart J. 
Published: March 2005

The aim of this investigation was to compare the clinical effects and pharmacokinetics of lidocaine (one metabolite) and mepivacaine (two metabolites) in 2 groups of 15 patients undergoing axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia. The study had a randomised design. The 30 patients were divided into 2 groups. The patients received either lidocaine (600 mg = 2.561 mMol + 5 μg ml-1adrenaline) or mepivacaine (600 mg = 2.436 mMol + 5 μg ml-1adrenaline), injected via the axilla near the brachial plexus over a period of 30 s. Onset of surgical analgesia was defined as the period from the end of the local anaesthetic injection to the loss of pinprick sensation in the distribution of the ulnar, radial, and median nerve. Motor block was measured. Onset of motor block was similar for both drugs. Lidocaine is eliminated biexponentially with a t1/2αof 9.95 ± 14.3 min and a t1/2βof 2.86 α 1.55 h. Lidocaine is metabolised into MEGX (tmax2.31 α 0.84 h; Cmax 0.32 α 0.13 mg l-1; t1/2β2.36 α 2.35 h; total body clearance was 67.9 α 28.9 l h-1).Mepivacaine is eliminated rapidly and monoexponentially with a t1/2of 4.78 α 2.38 h, a Cmaxof 3.89 α 0.83 mg l-1, and a tmaxof 0.41 α 0.19 h. The total body clearance of mepivacaine is 50% of that of lidocaine, 26.9 α 10.6 l h-1vs. 67.9 α 28.9 l h-1, respectively (p<0.0001). (α)Mepivacaine is metabolised into (α)4-OHmepivacaine (Cmax0.45 α 0.25 mg l-1; t1/2β6.48 α 6.57 h) and (α)2,6-pipecoloxylidide (Cmax0.56 α 0.30 mg l-1; t1/2b1.48 α 0.74 h).For the axillary brachial plexus block, lidocaine and mepivacaine show similar pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behaviour, despite the number of metabolites, and can therefore be used to the clinical preference for this regional anaesthetic technique.
Low-Avidity Antibodies to Carbonic Anhydrase-I and -II in Autoimmune Chronic Pancreatitise
Authors: Bartolomé Maria J. , de las Heras Gonzalo , López-Hoyos Marcos 
Published: March 2005

Antibodies (Abs) to carbonic anhydrase (isoforms CA-I and CA-II) have been considered pathogenic factors in the development of autoimmune pancreatitis. Besides, such autoAbs might accelerate the pancreatic damage in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (CP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of serum Abs to CA-I and CA-II in CP and the relative affinity of these Abs.Serum anti-CA-I and -CA-II Abs were measured in 89 patients with CP (48 alcoholic and 41 nonalcoholic) by an ELISA technique. The prevalence of those autoAbs in CP was compared with other autoimmune diseases where they have also been found. The presence of other serological manifestations of autoimmunity, such as hypergammaglobulinemia or antinuclear Abs, was determined in CP patients as well.Elevated serum levels of both anti-CA-I (24%) and -CA-II (18%) Abs were observed in CP, although their prevalence was lower than in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (44 and 25%, respectively) or systemic lupus erythematosus (39% for anti-CA-I Abs). Furthermore, these Abs were of low average avidity. On the other hand, a significantly higher proportion of nonalcoholic CP had anti-CA-II Abs with respect to alcoholic CP (15.2 vs. 2.4%,p< 0.05Anti-CA-I and -CA-II Abs might be helpful in the diagnosis of autoimmune CP, and the detection of the latter Abs seems to discard alcoholic etiology. Although it does not discard any pathogenic role in autoimmune CP, the low-avidity of anti-CA Abs argues against such idea.
The Hrp pathogenicity island of Erwinia amylovora and identification of three novel genes required for systemic infection‡
Authors: OH CHANG‐SIK , KIM JIHYUN F. , BEER STEVEN V. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARYSequence analysis of the region bordering the hrp/dsp gene cluster of Erwinia amylovora strain Ea321, which causes fire blight, revealed characteristics of pathogenicity islands (PAIs). Included are genes for a phage integrase, a tRNAPhe, several orthologues of genes of YAPI, a PAI of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and several putative virulence genes with HrpL‐dependent promoter motifs. The island is designated the Hrp PAI of E. amylovora. It is comprised of a chromosomal region of c. 62 kb with 60 open reading frames (ORFs). Comparison of the Hrp PAI of E. amylovora with those of four closely related bacteria showed that orfB, a homologue of avrBsT of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, and orfA, its putative chaperone gene, are present only in the Hrp PAI of E. amylovora. As regions flanking the hrp/dsp gene cluster are quite diverse, addition and deletion may have occurred during divergent evolution of the five bacteria. Among ORFs of the PAI of Ea321, three new HrpL‐dependent genes were identified. Because they are required for full virulence in apple, they were designated hsvC, hsvB and hsvA (hrp‐associated systemic virulence). They encode a homologue of an amidinotransferase for phaseolotoxin biosynthesis and homologues of a nikkomycin‐biosynthetic protein of Pseudomonas syringae.
An atypical 3′‐controller element mediates low‐level transcription of the p6 subgenomic mRNA of Citrus tristeza virus
Authors: AYLLÓN MARÍA A. , SATYANARAYANA TATINENI , GOWDA SIDDARAME , DAWSON WILLIAM O. 
Published: March 2005

SUMMARY Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has within the 3′‐half of the genome ten open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed through a series of 3′‐coterminal subgenomic (sg) messenger (m)RNAs that, in general, function as monocistronic mRNAs with only the 5′‐most ORF translated. Yet only nine sg mRNAs have been detected, suggesting that ORF 3, which is predicted to encode a small hydrophobic protein of ∼6 kDa (p6), might be expressed in some other manner, perhaps from a functionally dicistronic sg mRNA. However, when we positioned the p6 gene near the 3′‐terminus of a minimal CTV replicon to amplify greatly the level of production of the putative sg mRNA, we found a minimal level of a p6 mRNA, thus providing evidence for a separate mRNA for each 3′ ORF. The 5′ termini of the sg mRNAs and the cis‐acting elements (controller elements—CEs) that regulate the production of the p6 gene and the adjacent HSP70h (heat shock protein 70 homologue) were located further upstream of the ORFs compared with the other CTV CEs. Both preferentially initiated synthesis with an adenylate, as has been shown for the more highly expressed 3′ genes; but in contrast, the p6 sg mRNA occasionally initiated with a guanylate. Although the nucleotide sequences and the computer‐predicted secondary structures of the HSP70h CE were similar to those previously described for other 3′ CEs, those of the p6 CE were quite different, suggesting that CE strength is related to proximity to an ideal CE conformation. The lack of similarity between different CTV CEs led us to examine how well the CTV replicase complex could initiate sg mRNAs from CEs from different members of the family Closteroviridae. We found that the CTV replicase complex efficiently initiated production of sgRNAs from the p6 and HSP70h CEs from Beet yellows virus, with the HSP70h CE initiating at the same nucleotide as within the homologous virus, indicating that the mode of recognition of the CEs is similar. However, CEs from a more distantly related member of the Closteroviridae, Lettuce infectious yellows virus, did not function to produce sg mRNAs in CTV.
Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the brain: multidirectional differentiation does not influence prognosis. A clinicopathological report of 18 patients
Authors: Visée S , Soltner C , Rialland X , Machet M C , Loussouarn D , Milinkevitch S , Pasco‐Papon A , Mercier P , Rousselet M C 
Published: March 2005

Aims : To examine the clinical and pathological characteristics of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) in a retrospective series of 18 patients, according to the strict definition of the World Health Organization classification of tumours that excludes other types of malignant embryonal tumours of the brain.Methods and results : Eleven children and seven adults with supratentorial PNETs were diagnosed between 1993 and 2002 and their medical records were reviewed. An immunohistochemical study was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue of 18 primary tumours and five recurrences with antibodies for neuronal (neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, neurofilament, chromogranin A), epithelial [epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin], glial [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)], muscle (desmin, h‐caldesmon, α‐smooth muscle actin, myogenin) differentiation and with two anti‐CD99 antibodies. All tumours showed at least one neuronal marker except chromogranin A; a variable number of cells were GFAP+ or EMA+ in 18/23 tumours. Six primary tumours and one recurrence were positive for cytokeratin and/or one muscle antigen except myogenin. CD99 was observed in 33% of the cases. The mean duration of overall survival was 20 months. The estimated overall survival rates were 61% at 1 year, 29% at 2 years, and 18% at 3 years. Two factors of poor prognosis were identified by univariate analysis: a positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology at diagnosis and the absence of complete resection. No distinct immunophenotype was statistically related to survival.Conclusions : A multidirectional differentiation is a frequent event in supratentorial PNETs but has no apparent influence on the outcome of this aggressive neoplasm.
Collagen and elastic system in the remodelling process of major types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP)
Authors: Rozin G F , Gomes M M , Parra E R , Kairalla R A , De Carvalho C R R , Capelozzi V L 
Published: March 2005

Aims : Structural remodelling in acute and chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) has been extensively investigated, but little attention has been directed to the elastic tissue in these situations. The aim of this study was to determine whether elastic deposition accompanies collagen deposition in the four major histological patterns of IIP: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), organizing pneumonia (OP), non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).Methods and results : We measured, by image analysis, the content of fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems of the alveolar septum in histological slides of open lung biopsies, using the picrosirius‐polarization method and Weigert's resorcin–fuchsin stain, respectively. Five groups were studied: 10 cases of DAD; nine cases of OP; nine cases of NSIP; and 10 cases of UIP. Four normal lungs were used for comparison. The content of collagen fibres was significantly higher in UIP when compared to DAD, NSIP, OP and normal lung. The content of elastic fibres was increased in comparison with normal lungs but this was not significantly different among the histological patterns.Conclusion : Acute and chronic IIP cause a similar increase in the collagen and elastic contents of the lungs, representing a process of ‘fibroelastosis’ rather than an exclusive process of fibrosis. A profibrogenic mechanism is responsible for the unparallelled collagen augmentation observed in UIP subjects, the nature of which is yet to be determined.
Effect of the Removal of Cumulus Cells on the Nuclear Maturation, Fertilization and Development of Porcine Oocytes
Authors: Wongsrikeao P , Kaneshige Y , Ooki R , Taniguchi M , Agung B , Nii M , Otoi T 
Published: March 2005

ContentsThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of attachment of cumulus cells to porcine oocytes during the process of maturation and fertilization on the nuclear maturation, fertilization and subsequent development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the first experiment, the cumulus cells were removed from cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) at 0, 24 and 42 h after the onset of maturation culture and were then cultured until reaching 42 h of cultivation. In the second experiment, COCs were denuded as described in the first experiment, then fertilized and cultured for 7 days. As a control, cumulus cells were allowed to maintain attachment to the oocytes until the end of IVF. The proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II significantly increased with the delay in the removal treatment of cumulus cells. The proportion of normal fertilization gradually increased with delay in the removal treatment of cumulus cells from COCs until the end of IVF. However, no significant difference in the proportion of normal fertilization was found between the 42‐h and control groups. The removal treatment of cumulus cells in the 0‐ and 24‐h group significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the proportion of cleaved embryos when compared with the control, and none of them developed to the blastocyst stage. The proportion of development to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control group than in the 42‐h group (18.1% vs 12.4%; p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the attachment of cumulus cells to the oocyte during maturation and fertilization is important to support oocyte nuclear maturation, fertilization and subsequent embryo development. Particularly, the attachment of cumulus cells to the oocyte during IVF promotes embryonic development.
Is second order practice possible?
Authors: Wayward Mark 
Published: March 2005

This paper looks at the difficulties in applying second order ideas to therapeutic practice. It considers, first, what second order ideas are and how they relate to one another, second, what second order practice looks like, and third, the problems these ideas create when trying to apply them. It is argued that their pure application is impossible given our strong moral beliefs, but that there are good ethical and aesthetic reasons for taking such ideas as far as we can.‘There are always people who possess a theory they cannot act on.’(Leih Tzu from The Book of Leih Tzu)