bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krylov complexity in the IP matrix model
Authors: Iizuka Norihiro , Nishida Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The IP matrix model is a simple large N quantum mechanical model made up of an adjoint harmonic oscillator plus a fundamental harmonic oscillator. It is a model introduced previously as a toy model of the gauge theory dual of an AdS black hole. In the large N limit, one can solve the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the fundamental correlator, and at sufficiently high temperature, this model shows key signatures of thermalization and information loss; the correlator decay exponentially in time, and the spectral density becomes continuous and gapless. We study the Lanczos coefficients bn in this model and at sufficiently high temperature, it grows linearly in n with logarithmic corrections, which is one of the fastest growth under certain conditions. As a result, the Krylov complexity grows exponentially in time as $$ \sim \exp \left(\mathcal{O}\left(\sqrt{t}\right)\right) $$
∼
exp

O

t

. These results indicate that the IP model at sufficiently high temperature is chaotic.
Evolutionary history of the salt marsh harvest mouse mitogenome is concordant with ancient patterns of sea level rise
Authors: Aylward Cody M. , Barthman-Thompson Laureen , Kelt Douglas A. , Sacks Benjamin N. , Statham Mark J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoastal wetland ecosystems support unique biodiversity and are imminently threatened by climate change-driven sea level rise. However, the impact of climate change on their demographic and evolutionary histories is poorly understood. To improve our understanding, we examined how past climatic events have shaped the evolutionary history of the salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris), an endangered species and a salt marsh habitat specialist, completely restricted to coastal wetlands in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE). We used whole mitochondrial genome sequences of 102 salt marsh harvest mice to characterize phylogeography and demographic history. Then, we predicted the ancient distribution of salt marsh habitat and examined correspondence between divergence, demographic history, and changes in ancient marsh habitat caused by sea level rise. A Bayesian Skyline Plot revealed demographic expansions during periods of sea level rise, particularly during the formation of the modern SFE (~ 10 kya), and rapid decline consistent with recent anthropogenic landscape change. Bayesian estimates of divergence time were consistent with subspecies divergence ~ 10 kya, and subpopulation divergence ~ 5 kya, consistent with multiple episodes of vicariance caused by Holocene sea level rise. Spatial Analysis of Molecular Variance and ΦST revealed a mismatch between the morphological and molecular subspecies assignment of two populations. Our study implicates sea level rise as a force of demographic change and evolutionary divergence in coastal marsh ecosystems. Our study also aids conservation of an endangered species by clarifying genetic subspecies boundaries and highlighting the unique nature of isolated populations that are increasingly threatened by modern sea level rise.
Reproductive Work and Productive Fairness
Authors: Olsaretti Serena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn academic and public debates, defenders of the case for sharing the costs of children often claim that by having and rearing children parents produce public goods for the rest of society, or perform socially valuable or necessary labour, and that it would be unfair to parents for others to not share the costs of children, for example through publicly funded parental leave and schools for this reason. Critics of the public goods argument have claimed that it fails because there is no defensible principle that can serve to buttress the claims of parents. Furthermore, these same critics, as well as others, have argued that a certain view of liberal equality militates against sharing the costs of children.This paper challenges both the contention that there is no defensible principle of fairness that can buttress the public goods argument and the contention that liberal equality militates against socialisation. It accomplishes these two tasks together, arguing that the ideal of equality of resources, rather than militating against socialisation, in fact grounds a principle of productive fairness that can serve as the normative premise of the public goods argument for sharing the costs of children.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Summertime Arctic Aerosol Optical Depth Caused by Synoptic‐Scale Atmospheric Circulation in Three Reanalyses
Authors: Yamagami A. , Kajino M. , Maki T. , Toyoda T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtmospheric aerosol affects the radiation budget, cloud cover and properties, and surface albedo of sea ice and snow over the Arctic with obvious climatological significance. However, observations are scarce and have large uncertainties. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) variability in the Arctic and its relationship with atmospheric disturbances on synoptic timescales were investigated on the basis of the JRAero, CAMSRA, and MERRA2 reanalyses. Total AODs of the three reanalyses were spatiotemporally consistent in summer, although contributions of individual aerosol species differed. Summertime AOD variability was strongly correlated with observations in all reanalyses. The predominance of organic carbon aerosol indicates that aerosols are derived mainly from biomass burning over northern Eurasia and northern North America. Differences in composites of atmospheric fields between high‐ and low‐loading days indicate that locations of synoptic disturbances are related to high‐AOD events in the Arctic. Furthermore, empirical orthogonal function analysis indicates that the first‐ and second‐largest AOD variabilities in synoptic timescales occur over northern Eurasia. This AOD variability is related to two different types of Arctic cyclone, the development of which is important in aerosol transport, aging, and deposition in summer.
Antecedent Hydrometeorological Conditions of Wildfire Occurrence in the Western U.S. in a Changing Climate
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Leung L. Ruby , Dong Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWildfires have significant hydrological and ecological impacts in the western U.S. Using a high‐resolution regional climate simulation and wildfire observations for 1984–2018, this study investigates the antecedent hydrometeorological conditions (AHCs) of wildfires in the western U.S. During the warm season (April‐September), the wildfire AHCs feature diverse surface pressure (PS), soil moisture, and longwave/shortwave radiation (LW/SW) conditions. K‐means clustering classifies wildfires into four types with distinct AHCs: low‐PS‐type and high‐PS‐type with lower and higher PS anomalies, respectively, LW‐type featuring intense LW but weak SW anomalies, and wet‐soil‐type with wet soil anomalies. Each fire cluster represents 22%–27% of all the wildfires, featuring different combinations of climate and vegetation conditions and their diverse relations to regional hydrometeorological conditions, with wet‐soil‐type fires often exhibiting opposite correlations with AHCs compared to those of the other three types. In five major Köppen climate zones over the western U.S., clustering‐based predictions improve the seasonal wildfire prediction accuracy (R2) by 10% compared to prediction without classification. Such improvement comes from separating the opposite relationships between wet‐soil‐type fires and their seasonal AHCs from the other three types, along with separating LW‐type fires, which include most of the lightning‐ignited fires that occur more randomly. Increases in wildfire occurrence during 1984–2018 are dominated by the increases in the LW‐type fires, while the wet‐soil‐type fires have decreased, consistent with the long‐term drying in the western U.S.
Microbial community dynamics and cycling of plutonium and iron in a seasonally stratified and radiologically contaminated pond
Authors: Merino Nancy , Wasserman Naomi L. , Coutelot Fanny , Kaplan Daniel I. , Powell Brian A. , Jiao Yongqin , Kersting Annie B. , Zavarin Mavrik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlutonium (Pu) cycling and mobility in the environment can be impacted by the iron cycle and microbial community dynamics. We investigated the spatial and temporal changes of the microbiome in an iron (Fe)-rich, plutonium-contaminated, monomictic reservoir (Pond B, Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA). The microbial community composition varied with depth during seasonal thermal stratification and was strongly correlated with redox. During stratification, Fe(II) oxidizers (e.g., Ferrovum, Rhodoferax, Chlorobium) were most abundant in the hypoxic/anoxic zones, while Fe(III) reducers (e.g., Geothrix, Geobacter) dominated the deep, anoxic zone. Sulfate reducers and methanogens were present in the anoxic layer, likely contributing to iron and plutonium cycling. Multinomial regression of predicted functions/pathways identified metabolisms highly associated with stratification (within the top 5%), including iron reduction, methanogenesis, C1 compound utilization, fermentation, and aromatic compound degradation. Two sediment cores collected at the Inlet and Outlet of the pond were dominated by putative fermenters and organic matter (OM) degraders. Overall, microbiome analyses revealed the potential for three microbial impacts on the plutonium and iron biogeochemical cycles: (1) plutonium bioaccumulation throughout the water column, (2) Pu–Fe-OM-aggregate formation by Fe(II) oxidizers under microaerophilic/aerobic conditions, and (3) Pu–Fe-OM-aggregate or sediment reductive dissolution and organic matter degradation in the deep, anoxic waters.
The CASA theory no longer applies to desktop computers
Authors: Heyselaar Evelien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) theory is the most important theoretical contribution that has shaped the field of human–computer interaction. The theory states that humans interact with computers as if they are human, and is the cornerstone on which all social human–machine communication (e.g., chatbots, robots, virtual agents) are designed. However, the theory itself dates back to the early 1990s, and, since then, technology and its place in society has evolved and changed drastically. Here we show, via a direct replication of the original study, that participants no longer interact with desktop computers as if they are human. This suggests that the CASA Theory may only work for emergent technology, an important concept that needs to be taken into account when designing and researching human–computer interaction.
Effects of leucism on organ development and molecular mechanisms in Northern snakehead (Channa argus) beyond pigmentation alterations
Authors: Fan Wei , He Yang , Su Jian , Feng Yang , Zhuo Ting , Wang Jun , Jiao Xiaolei , Luo Yu , Wu Jun , Geng Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLeucism, a widespread occurrence observed in Northern snakehead (Channa argus), bestows a striking white jade-like body coloration upon affected individuals and has gained substantial popularity in commercial breeding. While the visible manifestation of leucism in snakeheads is primarily limited to body coloration, it is crucial to explore the potential influence of leucism on organ development and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Through a comparative analysis of growth differences, our study revealed that at 150 days post-fertilization, the white variety exhibited an 8.5% higher liver index and intestinal index, but experienced a 20% and 38% decreased in spleen index and renal interstitial index, respectively, suggesting an enlarged digestive area but relatively smaller immune tissues. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in the intestinal flora between the two varieties, suggesting the exclusion of any exogenous impacts from symbiotic flora on the growth and development of the white variety. Importantly, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the white variety exhibited higher expression levels of innate immune genes. Furthermore, annotation of the gene sets expressed in the liver and spleen revealed 76 and 35 genes respectively, with the white variety displaying lower expression in genes associated with “Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor”, “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”, and “TNF signaling pathway”, while exhibiting higher expression in “Estrogen signaling pathway”. Notably, three genes, namely pcdhf 4, nlrc3 card 15-like, and a pol-like were identified in both the liver and spleen, indicating their potential involvement in altering the development and innate immunity of the white variety. This study reveals the systemic impact of leucism that extends beyond mere pigmentation alterations, highlighting the prominent characteristics of this phenotype and providing a foundation for future molecular breeding programs aimed at enhancing this variety.
Recovery of microbial DNA by agar-containing solution from extremely low-biomass specimens including skin
Authors: Kurokawa Rina , Masuoka Hiroaki , Takayasu Lena , Kiguchi Yuya , Ogata Yusuke , Miura-Kawatsu Ryoko , Hattori Masahira , Suda Wataru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecovering a sufficient amount of microbial DNA from extremely low-biomass specimens, such as human skin, to investigate the community structure of the microbiome remains challenging. We developed a sampling solution containing agar to increase the abundance of recovered microbial DNA. Quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene revealed a significant increase in the amount of microbial DNA recovered from the developed sampling solution compared with conventional solutions from extremely low-biomass skin sites such as the volar forearm and antecubital fossa. In addition, we confirmed that the developed sampling solution reduces the contamination rate of probable non-skin microbes compared to the conventional solutions, indicating that the enhanced recovery of microbial DNA was accompanied by a reduced relative abundance of contaminating microbes in the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. In addition, agar was added to each step of the DNA extraction process, which improved the DNA extraction efficiency as a co-precipitant. Enzymatic lysis with agar yielded more microbial DNA than conventional kits, indicating that this method is effective for analyzing microbiomes of low-biomass specimens.
Investigation of risk factors for metachronous recurrence in patients with early gastric adenocarcinoma by miRNA–mRNA integral profiling
Authors: Nagashima Ariki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Nakagawa Ryo , Akizue Naoki , Matsumura Tomoaki , Oura Hirotaka , Kojima Ryuta , Goto Chihiro , Takahashi Satsuki , Horio Ryosuke , Kurosugi Akane , Ishikawa Tsubasa , Shiratori Wataru , Kaneko Tatsuya , Kanayama Kengo , Ohta Yuki , Taida Takashi , Saito Keiko , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe mechanism of metachronous recurrence (MR) after performing endoscopic treatment for early gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is unknown. To elucidate the mechanism and risk factors of MR, we analyzed gene expression at multiple locations of the gastric mucosa. We selected each five patients with MR and without MR (control), after early GAC treatment and eradication of H. pylori. Mucosal tissue was collected from four sites in the stomach of each patient as biopsy specimens for mRNA sequencing, gene set enrichment analysis, and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. We also performed correlation analysis and target prediction on pathways. As a result, endoscopically, the MR group had more intestinal metaplasia and enlarged folds. A total of 384 mRNAs presented changes in expression and 31 gene sets were enriched in the MR group. Immune-related pathways were enriched in the entire stomach, and the IFN-α response had the highest enrichment score. Additionally, 32 miRNAs revealed changes in their expression. Correlation analysis and target prediction with genes in the gene set of IFN-α response revealed that 10 miRNA–mRNA pairs presented a significant correlation. Immune-related pathways with miRNAs in the gastric mucosa after H. pylori eradication may be a risk factor for MR.
The nuclear entry of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) relies on the first nuclear localization signal and can be negatively regulated through IMPα/β specific inhibitors
Authors: Haidar Rashad , Shabo Reneh , Moeser Marie , Luch Andreas , Kugler Josephine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) undergoes continuous shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm. Binding to exogenous or endogenous ligands promotes its rapid nuclear import. The proposed mechanism for the ligand-dependent import is based on exposing the bipartite nuclear localisation signal (NLS) to members of the importin (IMP) superfamily. Among this, the molecular interactions involved in the basal import still need to be clarified. Utilizing fluorescently fused AHR variants, we recapitulated and characterized AHR localization and nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling in living cells. Analysis of AHR variants carrying NLS point mutations demonstrated a mandatory role of first (13RKRRK17) and second (37KR-R40) NLS segments on the basal import of AHR. Further experiments indicated that ligand-induced import is mainly regulated through the first NLS, while the second NLS is supportive but not essential. Additionally, applying IMPα/β specific inhibitors, ivermectin (IVM) and importazole (IPZ), slowed down the ligand-induced import and, correspondingly, decreased the basal nuclear accumulation of the receptor. In conclusion, our data show that ligand-induced and basal nuclear entry of AHR rely on the same mechanism but are controlled uniquely by the two NLS components.
Surface roughness and its role in mediating cell adhesion on cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum alloys
Authors: Migita Satoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCo‐Cr‐Mo ally (CCM) is commonly used for orthopaedic and dental implants due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the influence of surface roughness on cell attachment and proliferation remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of surface roughness of CCM on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. CCM samples with different values of surface rouges were prepared by polishing. MC3T3‐E1 mouse osteoblasts were used for cell culture experiments. Cell attachment, morphology, and the expression of actin stress fibres, vinculin, and distribution of yes‐associated protein were analysed. Our results suggest that surface roughness does not significantly affect cell attachment and proliferation on CCM, unlike on titanium. Thus implies that other properties of CCM, such as physicochemical properties, may play a more substantial role in modulating cell behaviour. This study provides important insights into the design of CCM implants, suggesting that approaches beyond tuning surface roughness may be necessary to improve biocompatibility and osseointegration.
CR‐Net: Robot grasping detection method integrating convolutional block attention module and residual module
Authors: Yan Song , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGrasping detection, which involves identifying and assessing the grasp ability of objects by robotic systems, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its pivotal role in the development of robotic systems and automated assembly processes. Despite notable advancements in this field, current methods often grapple with both practical and theoretical challenges that hinder their real‐world applicability. These challenges encompass low detection accuracy, the burden of oversized model parameters, and the inherent complexity of real‐world scenarios. In response to these multifaceted challenges, a novel lightweight grasping detection model that not only addresses the technical aspects but also delves into the underlying theoretical complexities is introduced. The proposed model incorporates attention mechanisms and residual modules to tackle the theoretical challenges posed by varying object shapes, sizes, materials, and environmental conditions. To enhance its performance in the face of these theoretical complexities, the proposed model employs a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to extract features from RGB and depth channels, recognising the multifaceted nature of object properties. Subsequently, a feature fusion module effectively combines these diverse features, providing a solution to the theoretical challenge of information integration. The model then processes the fused features through five residual blocks, followed by another CBAM attention module, culminating in the generation of three distinct images representing capture quality, grasping angle, and grasping width. These images collectively yield the final grasp detection results, addressing the theoretical complexities inherent in this task. The proposed model's rigorous training and evaluation on the Cornell Grasp dataset demonstrate remarkable detection accuracy rates of 98.44% on the Image‐wise split and 96.88% on the Object‐wise split. The experimental results strongly corroborate the exceptional performance of the proposed model, underscoring its ability to overcome the theoretical challenges associated with grasping detection. The integration of the residual module ensures rapid training, while the attention module facilitates precise feature extraction, ultimately striking an effective balance between detection time and accuracy.
Religiosity, Spirituality, Healthcare, and Aphasia Rehabilitation
Authors: Laures-Gore Jacqueline S. , Griffey Hannah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAwareness of the intersectionality of a person's religious and spiritual belief system with their mental and physical health is slowly being elevated within the Western healthcare system. There are many opportunities for better understanding and incorporation of religious and spiritual beliefs into aphasia rehabilitation. To extend the recognition of religion and spirituality's importance in healthcare to persons living with post-stroke aphasia while emphasizing the diversity of beliefs, the current article seeks to provide a brief overview of the global religions; explain the intersection of religion, spirituality, and health; review the existing literature in the area of aphasia and religion, spirituality, and spiritual care; discuss the clinical importance and implications of religion and spirituality; and finally, lay out a forward view of the direction this area of exploration may take within aphasiology.