bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote visits to address loneliness for people living with dementia in care homes: A descriptive qualitative study of visitors' perceptions
Authors: Barsan Kelti , Swindle Jennifer , Boscart Veronique M. , Chacinsky Dorothy , Hoben Matthias , Hopper Tammy , McGilton Katherine , O'Rourke Hannah M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess visitors' perceptions of the benefits and challenges related to engaging in a remote visit intervention, which was designed to address the loneliness of people living with moderate to severe dementia in care homes.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsTwenty‐four people living with dementia in care homes in Canada and their family and friends (i.e., remote visitors) took part in facilitated remote visits in 2021. Each person living with dementia received scheduled visits for 30–60 min per week for 6 weeks. Participants chose to complete one longer visit, or multiple shorter visits, per week. Twenty remote visitors participated in semi‐structured interviews after six weeks to discuss their perspectives on the effectiveness, benefits and challenges of the program in relation to addressing experiences of loneliness of the person living with dementia. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsWe describe three themes and several sub‐themes. Themes support the use of remote visits to enhance, rather than replace, in‐person visits; the benefits of remote visits for the person living with dementia and their remote visitors; and the conditions that lead to a successful remote visit.ConclusionRemote visitors reported that facilitated visits had positive effects for both visitors and people living with dementia with respect to loneliness, communication, relationships, and social connection.Implications for Patient CareClinicians can consider the factors that contributed to positive experiences of remote visits. The factors include individualized, facilitated visits that were flexible, and the use of reliable technology in a supportive, distraction‐free environment.Impact

Loneliness and social isolation are growing health concerns. When experienced by people living with dementia residing in long‐term care homes, loneliness and social isolation can result in lower levels of quality of life and well‐being, and higher levels of anxiety and responsive behaviours.
Remote visitors perceived that facilitated remote visits have the potential to address loneliness and improve quality of life for people living with dementia and also offer social support to remote visitors.
The findings can impact clinician practice by guiding the use of remote visits in care homes, and inform future intervention research to evaluate the effectiveness of remote visits for people living with dementia and their remote visitors.

Reporting MethodThis manuscript adheres to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines (the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research or COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The impact of supraventricular arrhythmias on the outcomes of guideline‐compliant implantable cardioverter defibrillator programming
Authors: Teerawongsakul Padoemwut , Ananwattanasuk Teetouch , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Shah Muazzum , Lathkar‐Pradhan Sangeeta , Barham Waseem , Oral Hakan , Thakur Ranjan K. , Jongnarangsin Krit , Tanawuttiwat Tanyanan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSeveral implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) programming strategies are applied to minimize ICD therapy, especially unnecessary therapies from supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA). However, it remains unknown whether these optimal programming recommendations only benefit those with SVAs or have any detrimental effects from delayed therapy on those without SVAs. This study aims to assess the impact of SVA on the outcomes of ICD programming based on 2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement and 2019 focused update on optimal ICD programming and testing guidelines.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent ICD insertion for primary prevention were classified into four groups based on SVA status and ICD programming: (1) guideline‐concordant group (GC) with SVA, (2) GC without SVA, (3) nonguideline concordant group (NGC) with SVA, and (4) NGC without SVA. Cox proportional hazard models were analyzed for freedom from ICD therapies, shock, and mortality.ResultsSeven hundred and seventy‐two patients (median age, 64 years) were enrolled. ICD therapies were the most frequent in NGC with SVA (24.0%), followed by NGC without SVA (19.9%), GC without SVA (11.6%), and GC with SVA (8.1%). Guideline concordant programming was associated with 68% ICD therapy reduction (HR 0.32, p = .007) and 67% ICD shock reduction (HR 0.33, p = .030) in SVA patients and 44% ICD therapy reduction in those without SVA (HR 0.56, p = .030).ConclusionProgramming ICDs in primary prevention patients based on current guidelines reduces therapy burden without increasing mortality in both SVA and non‐SVA patients. A greater magnitude of reduced ICD therapy was found in those with supraventricular arrhythmias.
The Impact of Military Trauma Exposures on Servicewomen's Pregnancy Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Manzo Laura L. , Dindinger Rebeccah A. , Batten Janene , Combellick Joan L. , Basile‐Ibrahim Bridget 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionActive‐duty servicewomen and veterans make up nearly 20% of the United States military and may experience trauma specific to military service. Military‐specific trauma includes combat deployment and military sexual trauma, exposure to which may result in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the extent to which military trauma exposures impact the pregnancy outcomes of active‐duty servicewomen and women veterans.MethodsA systematic search of OVID MEDLINE, OVID Embase, and OVID PsycINFO from inception to September 25, 2023, identified studies examining associations between military trauma exposures and perinatal outcomes. Of the 614 studies identified, 464 were reviewed for relevance, with 16 meeting inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 16 included studies, 14 found associations between military trauma exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. The risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes increased with the severity of PTSD, the recency of combat deployment, and repetitive deployment.DiscussionThis scoping review strengthens the link between trauma exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes for current and former military servicewomen. A gap in the literature persists regarding trauma exposure among active‐duty servicewomen, which differs significantly from women veterans. As mental health conditions are the leading underlying cause of maternal mortality, standardized screening during the perinatal period for military‐specific trauma exposures and PTSD is recommended for this population. Black servicewomen of junior enlisted rank carry disproportionate burdens of PTSD diagnosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Comprehensive prenatal and postpartum management may improve perinatal and neonatal outcomes for military servicewomen and provide an innovative approach to reducing existing racial disparities.
Alterations in the multilayer network in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Lee Dong Ah , Lee Won Hee , Lee Ho‐Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to reveal the pathophysiology of isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) in patients using multilayer network analysis. Participants eligible for isolated RBD were included and verified via polysomnography. Both iRBD patients and healthy controls underwent brain MRI, including T1‐weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Grey matter matrix was derived from T1‐weighted images using a morphometric similarity network. White matter matrix was formed from diffusion tensor imaging‐based structural connectivity. Multilayer network analysis of grey and white matter was performed using graph theory. We studied 29 isolated RBD patients and 30 healthy controls. Patients exhibited a higher average overlap degree (27.921 vs. 23.734, p = 0.002) and average multilayer clustering coefficient (0.474 vs. 0.413, p = 0.002) compared with controls. Additionally, several regions showed significant differences in the degree of overlap and multilayer clustering coefficient between patients with isolated RBD and healthy controls at the nodal level. The degree of overlap in the left medial orbitofrontal, left posterior cingulate, and right paracentral nodes and the multilayer clustering coefficients in the left lateral occipital, left rostral middle frontal, right fusiform, right inferior posterior parietal, and right parahippocampal nodes were higher in patients with isolated RBD than in healthy controls. We found alterations in the multilayer network at the global and nodal levels in patients with isolated RBD, and these changes may be associated with the pathophysiology of isolated RBD. Multilayer network analysis can be used widely to explore the mechanisms underlying various neurological disorders.
Structural performance‐based anomaly detection for velocity pulse
Authors: Han Lu , Tao Zhengru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPulse‐like ground motion can cause extreme damage to long‐period structures. An automatic algorithm is proposed to identify pulse‐like ground motions, in which improved anomaly detection is applied and the structural performance is considered. To characterize the intrinsic pulse‐like features, the distance‐based anomaly detection algorithm is improved, and the relative cumulative energy is added to the Manhattan distance. The first application of the anomaly detection algorithm performs well in pulse‐like motion identification. The pulse‐like ground motions are identified according to the performance of typical long‐period engineering structures in Hazus by the improved capacity spectrum method. The method is applied to 214 strong ground motions in the Next Generation Attenuation West 2 database. Comprehensive comparisons of the proposed approach with the wavelet analysis and the energy method are presented to illustrate the significance of the structural performance on the pulse‐like identification method.
Optimization of concentration parameters for maximizing bacteriophage recovery value using response surface methodology: A case study on determining the optimal concentration parameters for Erwinia amylovoraEA1T1.B3 phage
Authors: Guven Kubra , Ekiz Esra , Evran Eylul , Tayyarcan Emine Kubra , Boyaci Ismail Hakki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacteriophages have emerged as effective antimicrobial agents in combating pathogenic bacteria. To successfully apply phages in real‐life scenarios, it is crucial to optimize their large‐scale production, concentration and purification processes. In this study, our objective was to optimize the phage concentration parameters with a high recovery rate within a shorter time and minimum chemical consumption. We isolated and characterized a specific Erwinia amylovora phage. Subsequently, we employed response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a three‐factor central composite design to optimize the phage recovery. The factors considered were polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration, NaCl concentration and incubation time. The optimized values for PEG, NaCl and incubation time, which resulted in a maximum recovery rate of 85.37%, were determined as 18%, 2.38 M and 0 h, respectively. This finding indicates that the concentration step, which traditionally took up to 18 h with a recovery rate of 65%, can now be accomplished in a significantly shorter time with an improved recovery rate. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of RSM to identify the optimum conditions for phage precipitation. This approach allows for the rapid and efficient design of precipitation protocols tailored to specific bacteriophages, resulting in shorter processing times and higher recovery rates.
Diversity, Variance, and Stability of Root Phenes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Li Lijie , Li Qian , Liu Yanli , Xue Huiyun , Zhang Xiaotian , Wang Bin , Pan Xiaoping , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Baohong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRoot phenes are associated with the absorptive efficiency of water and fertilizers. However, there are few reports on the genetic variation and stability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root architecture under different environments. In this study, the diversity, variance and stability of root phenes of 89 peanut varieties were investigated with shovelomics (high throughput phenotyping of root system architecture) for two years in both field and laboratory experiments. The root phenes of these peanut genotypes presented rich diversity; for example, the value of total root length (TRL) ranged from 347.84 cm to 1013.80 cm in the field in 2018, and from 55.14 cm to 206.22 cm in the laboratory tests. The root phenes of different genotypes varied differently; for example, the coefficient of variation (CV) of TRL ranged from 24.0 to 83.5 across the two‐year field test. Field and laboratory evaluations were highly correlated, especially on lateral root density (LRD) and root angle (RA), and the quadrant graph analysis of LRD and RA implied that 69.7% of the roots belong to the same type. These not only further reflect root phenes stability through different environment but also demonstrate that some root phenes identified at early stage can indicate their status at later growth stage. In addition, root phenes showed a strong correlation with shoot growth, especially root dry weight (RDW), TRL and（nodule number）NN. Thus, laboratory tests in combination with field shovelomics can efficiently screen and select genotypes with contrasting root phenes to optimize water and nutrient management.
Immigrant selectivity at school entry
Authors: Lanuza Yader R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImmigrant educational selectivity—immigrant parents' educational attainment relative to their peers who did not migrate—is associated with better schooling outcomes for children at later stages of the educational pipeline in the United States. Less is known, however, about its influence on early education‐related outcomes. Using Early Childhood Longitudinal Study data from three different cohorts and quantitative analyses, I examine the relationship between immigrant selectivity and school readiness at school entry (proxied through math skills and approaches to learning evaluations). I find that immigrant selectivity is positively associated with school readiness, but it does not generate a widespread immigrant advantage at school entry, contrary to findings related to schooling outcomes later in the schooling pipeline. Notably, among most Asian groups, immigrant selectivity partly accounts for school readiness advantages compared to their White peers with native‐born parentage, whenever they emerge. By contrast, accounting for immigrant selectivity reveals the full extent of the immigrant disadvantage at school entry among most Latino groups. These results suggest that immigrant selectivity is an important factor in shaping racial/ethnic stratification early in the schooling pipeline.
Donor complication rates in whole blood, plasma and platelet donors: Age versus experience
Authors: Paalvast Yared , Díaz Padilla Niubel , Bruijns Sanne , Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna , Molenaar Ties 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany blood banks use upper age limits for donors out of concern for a higher donor complication rate in older donors. Experienced donors are known to have lower donor complication rates, and older donors are often more experienced, confounding the effect of age on donor complication rate.Study Design and MethodsWe studied donor complication rates in whole blood, plasma, and plateletpheresis donors from 2012 to 2022. Donor complication rates were compared between age groups in inexperienced (<20th donation) and experienced (≥20th donation) donors. In addition to this direct comparison, we made use of logistic regression with finer‐grained experience groups, to further quantify the effects of age, experience and other factors on donor complication rate.ResultsWhile overall rate of vasovagal reaction was lower, rate of moderate/severe vasovagal syncope was highest in 70–79 year donors, however, only reached significance for plasma donors. Furthermore, rates of failed stab were highest in this age group. Hematoma rate showed a U‐shaped pattern with regard to age, where the rate was not higher in the 70–79 year age group than in the 18–23 year age group. Pain decreased with age, however, rates were higher in the 70–79 year age group than in the 65–69 year age group.DiscussionWhen properly accounting for donor experience, donor complication rate profiles clearly change with age. The increased risk for moderate/severe vasovagal syncope in older donors should be clearly communicated. Extra caution is needed if these donors are accepted for first‐time donations.
A tight interplay between platelet activation and mitochondrial DNA release promotes platelet storage lesion in platelet concentrates
Authors: Haeri Kamand , Samiee Shahram , Beigi Peyman , Hajati Smerdis , Deyhim Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlatelet storage lesion (PSL) adversely affects the quality of platelet concentrates (PCs). Platelets are prone to activation during storage. Moreover, elevated free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in PCs are associated with a higher risk of adverse transfusion reactions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between platelet activation markers and mtDNA release during PC storage.Materials and MethodsSix PCs prepared by the platelet‐rich plasma method were assessed for free mtDNA copy number using quantitative real‐time PCR and CD62P (P‐selectin) expression by flow cytometry on days 0 (PC collection day), 3, 5 and 7 of storage. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, pH, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured as well. The correlation between free mtDNA and other PSL parameters, and the correlation between all parameters, was determined.ResultsSignificant increases in free mtDNA, MPV and PDW, and a significant decrease in platelet count and pH were observed. CD62P expression and LDH activity elevated significantly, particularly on storage days 5–7 and 0–3, respectively. Moreover, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.61) was observed between free mtDNA and CD62P expression. The r values between free mtDNA and LDH, pH, platelet count, MPV and PDW were 0.81, −0.72, −0.49, 0.81 and 0.77, respectively.ConclusionThe interplay between platelet activation and mtDNA release in promoting PSL in PCs may serve as a promising target for future research on applying additive solutions and evaluating the quality of PCs to improve transfusion and clinical outcomes.
Altitudinal patterns of alpine soil ammonia-oxidizing community structure and potential nitrification rate
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Ling Ning , Liu Xiang , Li Chao , Jing Xin , Hu Jingjing , Rui Junpeng 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen availability limits the net primary productivity in alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, which is regulated by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. However, little is known about the elevational patterns of soil ammonia oxidizers in alpine meadows. Here, we investigated the potential nitrification rate (PNR), abundance, and community diversity of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms along the altitudinal gradient between 3,200 and 4,200 m in Qinghai–Tibetan alpine meadows. We found that both PNR and
amoA
gene abundance declined from 3,400 to 4,200 m but lowered at 3,200 m, possibly due to intense substrate competition and biological nitrification inhibition from grasses. The primary contributors to soil nitrification were ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and their proportionate share of soil nitrification increased with altitude in comparison to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The alpha diversity of AOA increased by higher temperature and plant richness at low elevations, while decreased by higher moisture and low legume biomass at middle elevations. In contrast, the alpha diversity of AOB increased along elevation. The elevational patterns of AOA and AOB communities were primarily driven by temperature, soil moisture, and vegetation. These findings suggest that elevation-induced climate changes, such as shifts in temperature and water conditions, could potentially alter the soil nitrification process in alpine meadows through changes in vegetation and soil properties, which provide new insights into how soil ammonia oxidizers respond to climate change in alpine meadows.

IMPORTANCE
The importance of this study is revealing that elevational patterns and nitrification contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities were primarily driven by temperature, soil moisture, and vegetation. Compared to AOB, the relative contribution of AOA to soil nitrification increased at higher elevations. The research highlights the potential impact of elevation-induced climate change on nitrification processes in alpine meadows, mediated by alterations in vegetation and soil properties. By providing new insights into how ammonia oxidizers respond to climate change, this study contributes valuable knowledge to the field of microbial ecology and helps predict ecological responses to environmental changes in alpine meadows.
Clinical validation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of
Escherichia coli
sequence type complex 131
Authors: Peirano Gisele , Castellanos L. Ricardo , Matsumura Yasufumi , Chaffee Ryan , Castañeda-Mogollón Daniel , Pillai Dylan R. , Pitout Johann D. D. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The dissemination of
Escherichia coli
multidrug-resistant (MDR) STc131 is related to its persistence in the human gastrointestinal tract as efficient gut colonizers. Infection and prevention measures are the cornerstones for preventing STc131 spread. Oral decolonization therapies that target ST131 are being developed. There are no rapid methods available to identify STc131 in human specimens. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (named LAMP-ST131) was developed for the detection of STc131 on well-characterized
E. coli
isolates and then compared to culture and PCR for urines and stool swabs. With
E. coli
isolates (
n
= 720), LAMP-ST131 had a sensitivity (sens) of 100% [95% confidence interval (C.I.) = 98.1–100%)] and a specificity (spec) of 98.9% (95% C.I. = 97.5–99.5%). On urines (
n
= 550), LAMP-ST131 had a sens of 97.6% (95% C.I. = 89.68–94.33%) and a spec of 92.3% (95% C.I. = 87.68–99.88%), while on stool swabs (
n
= 278), LAMP-ST131 had a sens of 100% (95% C.I. = 88.7–100%) and a spec of 83.9% (95% C.I. = 78.8–87.9%). LAMP-ST131 detected 10 (urines) and 100 (stool swabs) gene copies/μL. LAMP-ST131 accurately identified STc131 within
E. coli
isolates and human specimens. The implementation of LAMP-ST131 will aid genomic surveys, enable the rapid implementation of effective infection prevention measures, and identify patients suitable for ST131 decolonization therapies. Such approaches will curb the spread of STc131 and decrease incidence rates of global MDR
E. coli
infections.

IMPORTANCE

We developed an accurate non-culture-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) methodology for the detection of (sequence type) STc131 among
Escherichia coli
isolates and human specimens. The use of LAMP-ST131 for global genomic surveillance studies and to identify patients that are suitable for ST131 decolonization therapies will be important for decreasing multidrug-resistant
E. coli
infections across the globe.