bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test due to Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Normal Healthy Blood Donors
Authors: Win Nay , Islam S. I. A. M. , Peterkin M. A. , Walker I. D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: Positive direct antiglobulin tests (DAT) occur occasionally, without obvious cause, among normal blood donors. This is sometimes associated with a false‐positive serologic test for syphilis. Positive DATs due to antiphospholipid antibodies (APAbs) are well documented in the antiphospholipid syndrome with systemic lupus erythematosus and the primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Methods: Using conventional haematologic and serologic methods, we tested 474,545 normal blood donors in the west of Scotland during the years 1991 through 1993. Results: We identified 42 normal blood donors with a positive DAT and observed three who had positive DATs and false‐positive VDRL tests, all of whom expressed raised APAbs. Conclusion: APAbs may be an incidental cause of positive DATs among healthy blood donors.
Fine Characterization of a Series of New Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Glycophorin A
Authors: Rasamoelisolo M. , Czerwinski M. , Bruneau V. , Lisowska E. , Blanchard D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: Glycophorins A (GPA) and B (GPB) are the major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte (RBC) membrane. To prepare tools for the analysis of GPA and GPB, we produced a series of new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that identified epitopes of GPA. Methods: Seven murine monoclonal antibodies directed to glycophorin A (GPA) were fully characterized by agglutination of untreated and enzyme‐treated human erythrocytes, inhibition of agglutination using chemically modified glycophorins and peptides from GPA, immunoblotting, and binding to synthetic peptides on plastic pins. Results: The antibodies identify epitopes located on four different portions of GPA: (1) NaM13‐6D2 binds to the N‐terminal portion of GPA and GPB carrying the N blood group antigen; (2) NaM26‐3F4 recognizes the homologous portion of GPA and GPB corresponding to their amino acids 6‐26; (3) NaM10‐2H12, NaM16‐IB10 and NaM10‐6G4 are specific for the amino acid sequence 38‐45 of GPA; and (4) NaM37‐5F4 and NaM13‐4E4 bind to the amino acid residues 119‐124 located on the intracellular ponion of GPA. Conclusion: These antibodies represent precise tools to investigate GPA and related molecules in different cells and tissues.
Effectiveness of Leukocyte Filters in Reducing Tumor Cell Contamination after Intraoperative Blood Salvage in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Perseghin P. , Viganò M. , Rocco G. , Della Pona C. , Buscemi A. , Rizzi A. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: In an effort to reduce allogeneic blood transfusions in patients undergoing elective surgery for lung cancer, we investigated the effectiveness of a method of processing shed blood with an automated device for intra operative blood salvage (IOBS) and filtration with a 3rd‐generation polyester filter to remove tumor cells. Methods: Sixteen patients were operated on for different types of lung cancer. We searched for malignant cells in pre‐ and postprocessed shed blood employing density gradient centrifugation, staining of cytospins with hematoxylin‐eosin, and antibodies to human cytokeratins. Results: In 9 out of 16 cases (56%), neoplastic cells were detected in prefiltration samples, but none were found in postfiltration cytospins. Conclusion: IOBS combined with appropriate filtration could be a very useful and safe tool in reducing allogeneic blood transfusion in cancer patients.
Citrate‐Dependent Auto‐Antibody Causing Error in Blood Grouping
Authors: Joshi S. R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Errors in blood grouping are occasionally due to anomalous antibodies or extraneous materials in the reagents. We investigated the case of a volunteer blood donor who was originally grouped as AB, Rh‐positive, by slide grouping. However, her washed red cells showed group B, which agreed with her reverse serum grouping. Materials and methods: Standard serologic techniques were employed throughout. Results: Investigation revealed an unusual autoantibody in the donor's blood that preferentially agglutinated the red cells in the presence of citrate. Because the grouping reagents contained citrate, this led to a false grouping when whole blood was tested rather than washed red cells. The antibody reacted at 37 °C and at 4 °C, but failed to agglutinate red cells when 0.1 M solution of monosaccharides was added to the reaction mixture. The antibody agglutinated all red cells except 6 examples of the ‘Bombay’ phenotype included in the panel. The antibody was neutralized by H secretor saliva, and its activity was abolished by DTT reagent, indicating its possible IgM nature. Conclusion: These findings suggest that this anomalous antibody has anti‐H specificity.
Molecular Basis of Kell Blood Group Phenotypes
Authors: Lee Soohee 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe molecular basis of different Kell blood group phenotypes is reviewed. Sequence analysis of the Kell gene (KEL) established that single base substitutions, resulting in amino acid changes, are responsible for the different phenotypes. Most of the amino acid substitutions, with the exception of the one responsible for expression of KEL6 (Jsa), occur at the amino‐terminal half of the protein, a domain that has least amino acid homology with a family of zinc endopeptidases, which include neutral endopeptidase 24.11 and endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1. Some of the genes were expressed in transfected cells and typed with alloantibodies to confirm that the identified mutations are responsible for antigen expression. Clinical applications of Kell blood group genotyping which include prenatal diagnosis to monitor hemolytic disease of the newborn are discussed.
Response of the Erythron and Erythropoietin to Autologous Blood Donations in Paediatric Subjects. Is Erythropoietin Supplement Necessary?
Authors: Han P. , Stacy D. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives:This study was undertaken to evaluate the need for erythropoietin (Epo) therapy to augment autologous blood collection in adolescents undergoing spinal corrective surgery. Methods:We measured serum Epo and parameters of iron metabolism in 35 adolescents undergoing autologous blood collection for orthopaedic surgery. Ages of subjects ranged from 11 to 16 years (mean 15.5 years) with a female predominance. Generally, 10% of intravascular blood volume was collected once a week up to a total of three collections. Results:There was an average 2.5‐fold rise in serum Epo over the period of blood collection. Epo increased immediately after blood collection. There was a 1.4‐fold rise in reticulocyte count, consistent with the Epo response, and an average of 1.5 units of red blood cells (200 ml/unit) being produced over this period. Despite this there was an average fall of 2 g/dl (15%) in haemoglobin level. Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation also fell. Conclusions: Paediatric subjects are able to donate the required units of blood as they have a good Epo response to mild anaemia. The amount of blood donated did not exceed their total mobilisable iron and the iron supplement was adequate for red cell synthesis.
Markers for Transfusion‐Transmissible Infections in North Indian Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors: Prevalence and Trends 1989–1996
Authors: Nanu Ambika , Sharma S.P. , Chatterjee Kabita , Jyoti P. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Twenty five to 30% of multiple‐transfusion recipients in India show evidence of infection with both HBV and non‐A non‐B hepatitis or HCV. To be licensed, blood banks must screen each donor unit for HBsAg, antibodies to HIV‐1 and ‐2, and VDRL. Materials and Methods: Between 1989 and 1996, 132,093 voluntary and replacement donors at this centre were screened for the above markers, using commercially available kits. Some 19,531 donors were screened for HCV antibodies in 1995 and 1996 with an inhouse EIA, using a synthetic peptide from core, NS3 and NS4 region proteins of all major HCV strains. Results: Data were tabulated annually. The proportion of voluntary donors increased from 15 to 32% during the eight years. HBsAg rates remained below 2.5%, antibodies to HIV increased from 0.04% to 0.55%, and VDRL reactivity increased from 0.23 to 0.52% between 1989 and 1995. Prevalence of all three infections showed a small but significant drop in 1996, and all three were significantly less frequent in voluntary donors. HCV antibodies were detected in 1.49% of donors tested. Donors with multiple infections were uncommon. Conclusions: A change to voluntary blood transfusion service and addition of anti‐HBc, anti‐HCV, and possibly HIV antigen to the mandatory list for screening donor blood would reduce posttransfusion infections. Indigenous production of these assays would mitigate the financial burden, as has been the experience with the in‐house HCV assay.
Evaluation of a Malaria Antibody ELISA and Its Value in Reducing Potential Wastage of Red Cell Donations from Blood Donors Exposed to Malaria, with a Note on a Case of Transfusion‐Transmitted Malaria
Authors: Chiodini P. L. , Hartley S. , Hewitt Patricia E. , Barbara J. A. , Lalloo K. , Bligh J. , Voller A. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Blood donations are often wasted for lack of a satisfactory procedure to evaluate donors potentially exposed to malaria. Materials and methods: We evaluated a commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies to malaria and compared it with an immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Results: When 5,311 sera from routine non‐exposed donors were tested, 24 (0.45%) were positive by the ELISA, using a Plasmodium falciparum antigen. Seventeen were subjected to confirmatory testing but none were positive by IFAT. Of 1,000 donors potentially exposed in endemic areas 15 (1.5%) were repeatably reactive by ELISA. 10 of these were tested by IFAT and 2 were positive. When 150 patients attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London with acute malaria were tested, 73% of those infected with P. falciparum were repeatably reactive for malarial antibodies by ELISA and 56% with Plasmodium vivax. Of 88 stored clinical sera tested by both IFAT and ELISA 56 were positive by IFAT and of these 52 (93°/0) were positive by ELISA. Conclusion: The ELISA is sufficiently sensitive and specific to screen at‐risk donors. Its use could safely retrieve 40,000 red cell units currently discarded each year in Great Britain.
Use of SERVQUAL to assess Clinicians' Satisfaction with the Blood Transfusion Service
Authors: Raspollini E. , Pappalettera M. , Riccardi D. , Parravicini A. , Sestili S. , Rebulla P. , Sirchia G. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Limited information is available on the level of satisfaction of clinicians with services delivered by blood banks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of clinicians with our blood transfusion service. Materials and methods:We prepared a questionnaire based on SERVQUAL, a method used to measure customers' appreciation of quality of service, by assessing the gap between perceived and expected quality. The questionnaire consisted of 14 items grouped according to five dimensions of quality of service: assurance, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, tangibles. Clinicians were asked to give two scores on a scale from 1 to 7 for each item, score (e) representing what they expected from an ‘excellent' service, score (r) how they graded the service received. We considered wide differences in scores of service expectation and receipt for a question to be indicative of either service above expected levels (r>e) or service below expectation (r<e); similar scores for both expected and received service (within 1 point on the grading scale) were taken to indicate that the service received was that which was expected. Results: A total of 184 questionnaires (49%) were returned. For the 14 items considered, the proportion of clinicians expressing levels of satisfaction similar to or above expectation ranged from 67 to 96%. Three critical areas, which clinicians considered important (expectation scores 6–7) were associated with satisfaction below expectation in more than 20% of responders. They were: clarity of procedures, clarity of blood request forms, and convenience of blood request and issuing times, which were rated as important by 77, 80 and 72% of clinicians, respectively. Conclusion: SERVQUAL was useful to gather information on the level of clinicians' satisfaction with our transfusion service.
Influence of Autologous Blood Transfusion on Natural Killer and Lymphokine‐Activated Killer Cell Activities in Cancer Surgery
Authors: Heiss M. M. , Fasol‐Merten K. , Allgayer H. , Ströhlein M. A. , Tarabichi A. , Wallner S. , Eissner H. I. , Jauch K.W. , Schildberg F.W. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Immunosuppression associated with blood transfusion may influence postoperative infection rates. It may also affect the prognosis of patients treated surgically for colorectal cancer. To control this effect, study protocols have applied autologous blood donation programs, which are thought to be immunologically neutral. However, evidence has emerged that blood donation itself might have suppressive effects on natural killer (NK) cell activities. At present, there are no data available on the effects of autologous blood transfusion on NK or lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells. This might be of interest as LAK cells may be active in tumor control. Materials and methods: 26 patients who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer, were assigned at random into two groups: (1) autologous blood donation and transfusion, or (2) allogeneic blood transfusion. NK and LAK activities were determined before blood donation, at surgery, and on the 3rd and 8th postoperative day. Results: Blood donation induced a small decrease in NK and LAK activities. The postoperative courses of the two groups differed. In the allogeneic group, NK activity (−50%, p = 0.018) and LAK activity decreased (−60.7%, p = 0.043), whereas in the autologous group the decline in LAK was less pronounced (−33.7%, p = 0.091), and their NK activity even increased (+17.4%, p = 0.315). NK activity was modulated differently in the two study groups (0.0036). Differences in LAK activities were found between the 3rd and 8th day postoperatively (p = 0.354). Conclusions: In patients receiving autologous blood transfusion, postoperative suppressed NK and LAK activities were modulated. This implies that autologous blood transfusion is not immunologically neutral, but has an intrinsic immunomodulatory potential.
How to Stabilize the Level of lonized Calcium and Citrate during Plateletpheresis
Authors: Farrokhi P. , Farahmand H. , Bismuth A. , Suarez C. , Ducot B. , Gillon M. C. , Debat P. , Laskowski P. , Pinon F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Citrate reactions are uncomfortable and potentially dangerous to apheresis donors. Reduction of citrate increases comfort, but may lead to platelet clumping. Materials and methods: We describe a protocol for stepwise reduction of the volume of ACD‐A injected during plateletpheresis. This protocol has been carried out in 45 healthy donors with the Cobe 2997 (Cobe) cell separator, and in 35 with the Fenwal‐CS 3000 (CS). Results: Using this protocol, during the first hour of platelet collection, ionised calcium decreased on average by 18% for CS and by 18.4% for Cobe. During the second hour, Ca2+ and citrate ion concentration did not change with either Cobe or CS (about 65% of citrate ion load is eliminated). We observed mild signs of neuromuscular hyperexcitability in only 22% and 28% of donors with Cobe and CS, respectively. We also found a significant reduction of phosphate ions (p < 0.0001) at the end of the procedures. Conclusions: With this stepdown citrate reduction protocol, we obtained a significant reduction of injected citrate without the complication of platelet clumps.
DNA Recommendations 1997 of the International Society for Forensic Genetics
Authors: Olaisen B. , Bär W. , Brinkmann B. , Budowle B. , Carracedo A. , Gill P. , Lincoln P. , Mayr W.R. , Rand S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe DNA commission of the International Society for Forensic Haemogenetics (ISFH) has over the years published a series of documents providing guidelines and recommendations concerning the application of DNA polymorphisms to problems of identification. This latest report provides recommendations relating to the nomenclature of short tandem repeat system (STR) typing systems which are at the forefront of systems used at present by forensic scientists and are likely to remain so for the immediate future.
Improved Blood Preservation with 0.5CPD Erythro‐Sol. Coagulation Factor VIII Activity and Erythrocyte Quality after Delayed Separation of Blood
Authors: Solheim B. G. , Bergerud U. E. , Kjeldsen‐Kragh J. , Brosstad F. , Mollnes T. E. , Högman C. F. , Eriksson L. , Schutz R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and objectives: Delay between blood collection and the separation of its components may result in lowered yield of factor VIII (FVIII) and loss of 2,3‐biphosphoglycerate (2,3‐BPG). This study was to see whether the use of 0.5 CPD resulted in better preservation of FVIII and maintenance of 2,3‐BPG. Materials and methods: 55 units of blood were collected in 0.5CPD and 48 in CPD SAG‐M. Ten of the collections were paired, so that the same donors were bled a single session partly in an 0.5 CPD system and partly in CPD SAG‐M. After collection, the blood was promptly cooled to 20°C and stored at that temperature for up to 24 h. Results: Preservation of FVIII activity was significantly better in 0.5CPD compared with CPD. The content of von Willebrand factor was stable in the anticoagulant solutions for 24 h at that temperature. Plasma separated from both media had low levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and complement activation. Paired collections substantiated previous reports that red cell storage is significantly improved in 0.5CPD compared with CPD SAG‐M with respect to 2,3‐BPG and haemolysis. Conclusions: Red cell metabolism and oxygen‐releasing capacity are kept at acceptable levels in 0.5CPD blood for 24 h at 20°C before component separation. The concentration of red cell 2,3‐BPG remained at normal or slightly subnormal levels during further storage in 0.5CPD at 4°C for 2–4 weeks before gradual decay to an average of 39% at 48 days.
Immunomodulating Effect of Blood Transfusion: Is Storage Time Important?
Authors: Mynster Tommie , Dybkjœr Esben , Kronborg Gitte , Nielsen Hans Jørgen 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: TNF‐α and IL‐2 are important cytokines in macrophage and T‐lymphocyte activity against infection and dissemination of malignant cells. We studied the influence of supernatants from stored whole blood and buffy‐coat‐depleted SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose and mannitol) blood in stimulating TNF‐α and IL‐2 release in an ex vivo assay. Methods: Supernatants of 10 units of whole blood and 10 units of SAGM blood were collected after 1, 21 and 35 days of standard blood bank storage. Heparinized blood from 20 healthy volunteers (as ‘recipients’), corresponding in ABO and Rh type to the stored blood, were used in a culture system with LPS and PHA as stimulators of TNF‐α and IL‐2 release. The effect of added supernatants, from either stored whole blood or SAGM blood, on cytokine release was evaluated compared to saline as control. TNF‐α concentration was analyzed by ELISA after culture for 24 h and IL‐2 after 72 h, respectively. Results: Supernatants from both stored whole blood and SAGM blood showed a significant decrease in both LPS‐ and PHA‐stimulated TNF‐α release that was dependent on storage time. IL‐2 was not detected in response to LPS stimulation. PHA‐stimulated IL‐2 release was significantly reduced and related to storage time of both whole blood and SAGM blood. Conclusions: Recipient cytokine release induced by blood transfusion seems to be dependent on storage time. This may have implications in transfusion‐induced immune modulation.
Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia due to Anti‐HPA‐1b (PLA2) (Zwb)
Authors: Winters J.L. , Jennings C.D. , Desai N.S. , Dickson L.G. , Ford R.F. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a rare condition due to passively acquired maternal antibodies directed against paternal platelet antigens inherited by the infant. Only 5 cases have been reported due to antibodies against HPA‐lb (PLA2) (Zwb). Case Report: We report a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti‐HPA‐lb in the second pregnancy of a 26‐year‐old Caucasian female. The male infant was treated with a 5‐day course of intravenous immunoglobulin without complications. We report the HLA phenotype of the infant's mother and summarize the previous case reports due to anti‐HPA‐lb. Conclusion: Based on this case and a review of the literature, intravenous immunoglobulin as well as random donor exchange transfusion and random donor platelet transfusions are effective in the treatment of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti‐HPA‐lb. Obvious associations between HLA alleles and sensitization to HPA‐lb have not been elucidated.
Human Parvovirus B19: Prevalence of Viral DNA in Volunteer Blood Donors and Clinical Outcomes of Transfusion Recipients
Authors: Jordan J. , Tiangco B. , Kiss J. , Koch W. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Blood donor units are not screened for human parvovirus B19 (B19) even though it can be acquired via blood products. We estimated the prevalence of B19 in a US volunteer blood donor population and determined the clinical outcomes of transfusion recipients. Materials and Methods: Donor units were screened for B19 DNA by PCR, and positive units analyzed by EIA for B19 Ig. Unit usage was determined and recipient chart review conducted. Results: B19 DNA was detected in 11/9, 568 allogeneic units (0.1%), of which 3 had no measurable B19 Ig. One individual developed anemia consistent with B19 infection after receiving a DNA+ unit lacking B19 Ig. Conclusions: The apparent low incidence of disease in patients transfused with B19 DNA+ components may be due to coexistence of neutralizing antibodies in donors and/or recipients.
Does Hyperconcentration Result in Platelet Activation?
Authors: Gollehon T.J. , King D.E. , Craig F.E. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Hyperconcentration of platelets may lead to platelet activation and loss of platelet function. Materials and Methods: Platelet activation following hyperconcentration was assessed using flow‐cytometric detection of platelet P‐selectin expression and platelet swirling. Results: Platelet hyperconcentration led to a minimal increase in P‐selectin expression and no differnce in platelet swirling. Conclusion: Hyperconcentration was not associated with a clinically significant change in platelet activation and had no significant effect on platelet quality as detected by pH and platelet yield.