bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscosity and emulsifying capacity in pota and octopus muscle during frozen storage
Authors: Ruiz‐Capillas C , Moral A , Morales J , Montero P 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe functional quality of pota and octopus muscle during frozen storage for up to 12 months was evaluated periodically by determining viscosity and emulsifying capacity levels. In both species the effect on different anatomical locations (mantle and arms) in mature and young male and female individuals was studied. Apparent viscosity and emulsifying capacity levels were greater in octopus than in pota. While in pota a sharp decrease was observed in viscosity levels, falling to virtually nil, viscosity levels in octopus increased in the first 2 months and only slight decreases were observed at the end of storage. The change in emulsifying capacity, however, was quite similar in the two species, with not very sharp decreases. According to these results, emulsifying capacity measurement could be a suitable technique for showing the changes that occur in the muscle proteins of these species when they are stored frozen. No differences were observed by sex, but there were differences depending on the stage of maturity and anatomical location. Thus pota and octopus mantles present greater stability in frozen storage than the arms, and there is a tendency, although not always significant, that the mantles of young pota and octopus specimens are more stable in frozen storage than the mantles of adult individuals. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Tourism demand modelling: some issues regarding unit roots, co‐integration and diagnostic tests
Authors: Narayan Paresh Kumar 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper investigates the all important issue of diagnostic tests, including unit roots and cointegration, in the tourism demand modelling literature. The origins of this study lie in the apparent lack in the tourism economics literature of detail concerning the diagnostic test aspect. Study of this deficiency has suggested that previous literature on tourism demand modelling may be divided into two categories: the pre‐1995 and post‐1995 studies. It was found that the pre‐1995 and some post‐1995 studies have ignored unit root tests and co‐integration and, hence, are vulnerable to the so‐called ‘spurious regression’ problem. In highlighting the key diagnostic tests reported by post‐1995 studies, this paper contends that there is no need to report the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) test, which is applicable only to financial market analysis where the dependent variable is return on an asset. More generally, heteroskedasticity is not seen as a problem in time‐series data. However, the reporting of a greater than necessary range of diagnostic tests — some of which do not have any theoretical justification with regard to tourism demand analysis — does not diminish the precision of the results or the model. This paper should appeal to scholars involved in tourism demand modelling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of crime on tourist arrivals in Jamaica
Authors: Alleyne Dillon , Boxill Ian 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between tourist arrivals and changes in the crime rate in Jamaica over the period 1962–1999. In particular, it uses a transfer function to account for variations in total arrivals and arrivals from the European market, owing to changes in the crime rate. The transfer function allows for the modelling of the immediate and delayed effect of crime rates on tourist arrivals. The paper finds first that although crime rates have a negative impact on tourism arrivals in both markets, it is of greater concern in the European market. Secondly, the impact of crime in the overall market is relatively small, because of increased advertising and promotion and the growth of all‐inclusive hotels. Finally the level of crime, especially violent crime, has to be reduced, because although the number of crimes against tourists has declined, high violent crime rates tend to raise concerns among tourists seeking a destination. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reliable congestion control mechanism for geocasting in mobile wireless networks
Authors: ElAarag Hala , Bassiouni Mostafa 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a reliable congestion control mechanism for geocasting in mobile wireless networks. Our protocol can be used as an extension to conventional multicasting protocols in order to overcome the problems associated with terminal mobility and the wireless environment. We present the architecture and implementation of the Multicast ACK Aggregation Method (MAAM). And test the performance of MAAM in various scenarios. Our simulation results show the efficiency and reliability of MAAM in wireless networks with high bit error rates. We further enhance the performance of MAAM by designing MAAM with local recovery (MAAM/LR). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 coordinately regulate lumbar motor neuron patterning
Authors: Lin Amy W. , Carpenter Ellen M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe paralogous Hox genes Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 are expressed in overlapping domains in the developing lumbar spinal cord and surrounding mesoderm. Independent inactivation of these two genes alters the trajectory of spinal nerves and decreases the complement of motor neurons present in the lumbar spinal cord, whereas dual inactivation of these two genes has been shown to alter peripheral nerve growth and development in the mouse hindlimb. We have examined the organization and distribution of lumbar motor neurons in the spinal cords of Hoxa10/Hoxd10 double mutant animals. Double mutant animals have decreased numbers of lumbar motor neurons in both the medial and lateral motor columns. The anteroposterior position of the lumbar motor column is shifted caudally in double mutant animals, and the distribution of motor neurons is altered across individual spinal segments. Distinctions between classes of motor neurons based on positional specificity appear disrupted in double mutants. Double mutants also demonstrate abnormal spinal cord vasculature and altered kidney placement and size. Our observations suggest that Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 activity is required to specify the position of the lumbar motor column and to provide segmental specification and identity for the lumbar motor neurons. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 56: 328–337, 2003
Neuroprotection by the steroids pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone is mediated by the enzyme aromatase
Authors: Veiga Sergio , Garcia‐Segura Luis M. , Azcoitia Iñigo 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are sex hormone precursors and neuroprotective steroids. Effects of pregnenolone and DHEA may be in part mediated by their conversion to testosterone and by the consecutive conversion of testosterone to estradiol by the enzyme aromatase. This enzyme is induced in reactive astrocytes after different forms of neurodegenerative lesions and the resultant local production of estradiol in the brain has been shown to be neuroprotective. The participation of aromatase in the neuroprotective effect of pregnenolone and DHEA has been assessed in this study. The protective effect of different doses (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of pregnenolone or DHEA, against systemic kainic acid (7 mg/kg b.w.), was assessed on hippocampal hilar neurons in gonadectomized Wistar male rats. To determine whether the neuroprotective effect of pregnenolone and DHEA was dependent on their conversion to estradiol, the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole (4.16 mg/mL) was administered using subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. The number of Nissl‐stained neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation was estimated by the optical disector method. The administration of kainic acid resulted in a significant decrease in the number of hilar neurons compared to rats injected with vehicles. Pregnenolone and DHEA showed a dose‐dependent protective effect of hilar neurons against kainic acid. The administration of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole blocked the neuroprotective effect of pregnenolone and DHEA. These findings suggest that estradiol formation by aromatase mediates neuroprotective effects of pregnenolone and DHEA against excitotoxic‐induced neuronal death in the hippocampus. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 56: 398–406, 2003
Cathepsin B but not cathepsins L or S contributes to the pathogenesis of Unverricht‐Lundborg progressive myoclonus epilepsy (EPM1)
Authors: Houseweart Megan K. , Pennacchio Len A. , Vilaythong Alex , Peters Christoph , Noebels Jeffrey L. , Myers Richard M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe inherited epilepsy Unverricht‐Lundborg disease (EPM1) is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the cysteine protease inhibitor, cystatin B. Because cystatin B inhibits a class of lysosomal cysteine proteases called cathepsins, we hypothesized that increased proteolysis by one or more of these cathepsins is likely to be responsible for the seizure, ataxia, and neuronal apoptosis phenotypes characteristic of EPM1. To test this hypothesis and to identify which cysteine cathepsins contribute to EPM1, we have genetically removed three candidate cathepsins from cystatin B‐deficient mice and tested for rescue of their EPM1 phenotypes. Whereas removal of cathepsins L or S from cystatin B‐deficient mice did not ameliorate any aspect of the EPM1 phenotype, removal of cathepsin B resulted in a 36–89% reduction in the amount of cerebellar granule cell apoptosis depending on mouse age. The incidence of an incompletely penetrant eye phenotype was also reduced upon removal of cathepsin B. Because the apoptosis and eye phenotypes were not abolished completely and the ataxia and seizure phenotypes experienced by cystatin B‐deficient animals were not diminished, this suggests that another molecule besides cathepsin B is also responsible for the pathogenesis, or that another molecule can partially compensate for cathepsin B function. These findings establish cathepsin B as a contributor to the apoptotic phenotype of cystatin B‐deficient mice and humans with EPM1. They also suggest that the identification of cathepsin B substrates may further reveal the molecular basis for EPM1. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 56: 315–327, 2003
Significance and attributes of subpixel estimation on area‐based matching
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Okutomi Masatoshi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractArea‐based matching and subpixel displacement estimation using similarity measures are common methods used in various fields. Subpixel estimation using parabola fitting over three points with their similarity measures is also a common method to increase matching resolution. However, such estimation can contain systematic error depending on image characteristics, the similarity function, and the fitting function used for subpixel estimation. In this paper, characteristics of subpixel estimation error were clarified using a simple analytical model. Although this model is quite simple, it allows us to make a theoretical analysis for general images without assuming any specific image pattern. Through this analysis, it has been shown that there are correct combinations of the similarity functions and the fitting functions. Also, the so‐called “pixel‐locking” effect, by which estimated positions tend to be biased toward integer values, has been explained. Finally, analyses were verified with an experiment using real images. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(12): 1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10506
Self‐perceived psychological stress in relation to psychosocial factors and work in a random population sample of women
Authors: Jönsson Dagmar , Johansson Saga , Rosengren Annika , Lappas Georg , Wilhelmsen Lars 
Published: August 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relations between stress and other psychosocial factors, and to compare stress levels registered at 18 years' interval.MethodsIn 1980 1413 women aged 37 to 65 years were examined (81 per cent of a random population sample). In 1997 to 1998 909 of the women were re‐examined. Psychological stress was graded 1 to 6.ResultsWork‐related factors, i.e. employment including work leadership, demands of high concentration at work, dissatisfaction with work content and dissatisfaction with work environment were each independently associated with severe self‐perceived psychological stress in the 1980 survey (OR (95%CI) = 1.85(1.28–2.70), 1.55(1.11–2.16), 5.06(2.38–10.77) and 2.11(1.23–3.61)), respectively. Family‐related factors such as difficulties in agreeing with husband/cohabitant were also closely related to severe stress (OR (95%CI) = 3.39(1.07–10.75)). Other factors independently related to severe stress were smoking (OR (95%CI) = 1.42(1.03–1.98) and 2.40(1.24–4.65) at the first and second investigations respectively). Psychological stress was lower in physically active women (OR (95%CI) = 0.47(0.35–0.66) and 0.43(0.23–0.80) at the first and second investigations respectively). Blood pressure and serum cholesterol were lower in women at higher stress levels in several age groups. There was a general decrease of the self‐perceived stress level between the first and the second investigation. In women aged 55 to 64 years, however, the only age group that were available for analysis on both occasions, more severe stress was reported at the second investigation (13.8 versus 16.8 per cent; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsFactors related to work conditions, as well as to family circumstances, were independently associated with psychological stress. Smoking was associated with higher stress levels, whereas leisure time physical activity was protective. Contrary to what might be expected blood pressure and to some extent serum cholesterol concentrations were lower at higher stress levels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperbaric Compression in the Guinea Pig with Perilymph Fistula
Authors: Lindberg Paige E. , Parell G. Joseph , Gajewski Byron J. , Prevatt Angela R. , Antonelli Patrick J. 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVEThe study goal was to evaluate the effects of hyperbaric therapy on the auditory and vestibular function of guinea pigs compromised by perilymph fistula (PLF).METHODSTwenty‐four pigmented guinea pigs underwent induction of bilateral eustachian tube dysfunction before the creation of a unilateral PLF. Half of the animals were randomly assigned to receive immediate hyperbaric compression treatment of 4 “dives” each. Hearing was tested electrocochleographically, and signs of vestibulopathy were recorded before and after compression.RESULTSAfter accounting for the effects of PLF, compression was not associated with significant hearing loss (P = 0.5411). Vestibulopathy was seen only in ears with PLF, and its incidence was similar for compression and noncompression groups.CONCLUSIONHyperbaric compression does not compromise auditory or vestibular function in guinea pig ears with experimental PLF.SIGNIFICANCEOur observations support the relative safety of recompression in patients with PLF.
Differences in Morphology, Cytoskeletal Architecture and Protease Production Between Zone II Tendon and Synovial Fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: RAGOOWANSI R. , KHAN U. , BROWN R. A. , MCGROUTHER D. A. 
Published: September 2003

Fibroblast migration is an integral component of the processes resulting in the formation of restrictive adhesions in the injured tendon, especially in Zone II. Pre-requisites for cell migration are an intact cytoskeleton and an ability to biochemically degrade the extra-cellular matrix. The relative characteristics of fibroblasts from the fibro-osseus sheath (SC), the tissue surrounding the tendon in Zone II, and the endotenon (TC) with respect to morphology, cytoskeletal structure and ability to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 were compared in vitro. It was found that SCs were larger in size and demonstrated greater amounts of intra-cellular alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and intra-membranous vinculin. Filamentous actin (F-actin) fibres in SCs were more densely packed and concentrated, resulting in stress fibres. The SCs also produce greater amounts of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to TCs. These observations imply that SCs play an active role in adhesion formation and should be specifically targeted to inhibit or treat tendon adhesions.
Scopolamine into the anterior cingulate cortex diminishes nociception in a neuropathic pain model in the rat: an interruption of ‘nociception‐related memory acquisition’?
Authors: Ortega‐Legaspi J. Manuel , López‐Avila Alberto , Coffeen Ulises , del Angel Rosendo , Pellicer Francisco 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe cingulate cortex plays a key role in the affective component related to pain perception. This structure receives cholinergic projections and also plays a role in memory processing. Therefore, we propose that the cholinergic system in the anterior cingulate cortex is involved in the nociceptive memory process. We used scopolamine ( in ) microinjected into the anterior cingulate cortex, either before thermonociception followed by a sciatic denervation, between thermonociception and denervation or after both procedures (n=10 each). The vehicle group (saline solution 0.9%, n=14) was microinjected before thermonociception. Chronic nociception was measured by the autotomy score, which onset and incidence were also determined. Group scopolamine—thermonociception–denervation (STD) presented the lowest autotomy score as compared to vehicle and group thermonociception—denervation–scopolamine (TDS) (vehicle vs. STD, p=0.002, STD vs. TDS, p=0.001). Group thermonociception‐scopolamine‐denervation (TSD) showed a diminished autotomy score when compared to TDS (p=0.053). STD group showed a delay in the onset of AB as compared to the rest of the groups. Group TSD presented a significative delay (p=0.048) in AB onset when compared to group TDS. There were no differences in the incidence between groups. The results show that nociception‐related memory processed in the anterior cingulate cortex is susceptible of being modified by the cholinergic transmission blockade. When scopolamine is microinjected prior to the nociceptive stimuli, nociception‐related memory acquisition is prevented. The evidence obtained in this study shows the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in the acquisition of nociception‐related memory.
Determinants of health‐related quality of life in patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder
Authors: Petrak Frank , Hardt Jochen , Kappis Bernd , Nickel Ralf , Egle Ulrich Tiber 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) has been investigated widely in patients with chronic pain, but no study has focused particularly on the situation of patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder.Aims. To survey the impairments of patients with somatoform pain disorder (ICD‐10: F45.4) and to predict pain‐related impairments and HRQOL on the basis of coping styles.Method. A consecutively recruited sample of 100 patients (65% female) was examined in a cross‐sectional study. Questionnaires were administered to assess pain intensity (visual analogue scale), pain‐related disabilities (Pain Disability Index), quality of life (Short‐Form Health Survey‐36), and ways of coping with pain (Coping Strategies Questionnaire). To predict pain‐related impairments and HRQOL, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out.Results. HRQOL of patients with somatoform pain is strongly and significantly reduced compared with the general population. Among the coping measures, Increasing Pain Behaviors and Catastrophizing have a negative influence on patients' pain‐related impairments and the physical components of HRQOL. The mental component of HRQOL was predicted solely by Catastrophizing. No positive effect of active coping styles on health‐related outcome variables could be observed.Conclusion. Patients with persistent somatoform pain disorder feel severely impaired. A clear pattern emerges for negative effects of the coping styles Increasing Pain Behaviors and Catastrophizing, while the identification of beneficial coping failed.
Identifying a long‐term/chronic, non‐cancer pain population using a one‐dimensional verbal pain rating scale: an epidemiological study
Authors: Jensen Marianne Kjettrup , Sjøgren Per , Ekholm Ola , Rasmussen Niels Kristian , Eriksen Jørgen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe usefulness of the verbal pain rating scale (VRS) included in the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) in identifying characteristics of long‐term pain conditions, was analyzed using data from the 1994 Danish Health and Morbidity Survey. Based on the rating of pain intensity during a 4‐week recall period the respondents were categorized into three groups: a high pain group (HPG) consisting of persons reporting moderate to severe pain (VRS 4–6), a low pain group (LPG) who rated their pain as very mild or mild (VRS 2–3), and a control group (CG) with no pain (VRS 1). The investigated sample comprised 3992 persons (HPG=563 persons, LPG=1714, and CG=1715 persons). Older age, educational level (<10 years of schooling), cohabitation status (divorce/separation), and moderate to severe physical job strain were found to be significant risk factors for reporting high pain intensity (HPG). Only minor differences were observed between the LPG and CG. The proportion of respondents with good perceived health was significantly lower in the HPG compared with LPG and CG. The dominant complaints in the HPG were related to the musculoskeletal system. During a 14‐day period prior to the interview persons in the HPG had a mean of 1.19 working days lost due to illness compared with a mean of 0.2 for the LPG and CG. Analyzing the use of medical services during the year before the interview, persons belonging to the HPG had an average number of nine contacts to general practitioners and specialized doctors in the primary sector as compared to six for the LPG and four for the CG. Mean numbers of hospital admissions were 0.29 for the HPG, 0.15 for the LPG and 0.10 for the CG. Mean numbers of in‐hospital days were 1.60, 0.80, and 0.43 for the HPG, LPG, and CG, respectively. Our study suggest that one‐dimensional pain intensity scoring using a simple VRS‐scoring is useful as a screening instrument for identifying persons suffering from pain of a more complex nature. High intensity scores on a pain intensity scale should indicate to the investigator that she/he might be facing a person whose pain complaints and behavior are not only based on a pure biological background, but in whom also severe psychological and social problems might be present.