bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbart and Schopenhauer
Authors: Guyer Paul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter briefly considers Johann Friedrich Herbart’s unusual use of Kant’s conception of aesthetic judgment as a model for moral judgment, but is primarily concerned with Arthur Schopenhauer’s response to Kant’s moral philosophy. Schopenhauer based his metaphysics on Kant’s distinction between phenomena and noumena, appearances and things in themselves, but rejected Kant’s premise of the underlying rationality of human nature and the human will. Instead, he argued that reality is fundamentally non-rational and that human will and conduct are too. The non-rationality of existence is exemplified by the endless frustration of human desire, in which we are always miserable either because we do not get what we want or because we do, and therefore quickly become bored, starting the cycle all over again. The ultimate remedy to this is the “ascetic attitude,” in which we realize that it is all mere and meaningless appearance. But on the way to that, recognizing that beneath the level of appearance we are all one, we should treat each other with compassion. This is Schopenhauer’s version of sympathy as an appropriate moral feeling in Kant (indeed, their word is the same, Mitleid), although Schopenhauer reduces all moral feeling and indeed any moral principle to compassion, while for Kant it is only one of several morally appropriate feelings, to be strengthened but also governed by our recognition of the moral law.
Kant and Anglophone Idealism
Authors: Guyer Paul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines responses to Kant’s moral philosophy in British and American idealism, represented by the English philosophers Francis Herbert Bradly and Thomas Hill Green, the Scots Edward Caird and Herbert James Paton, and the American Josiah Royce. Bradley argued that abstract distinctions are characteristic of mere appearance and that ultimate reality is essentially unitary; in moral philosophy he thus rejected what he took to be Kant’s conception of “duty for duty’s sake” in favor of a more Hegelian conception our “station and its duties.” But his view that morality is a form of self-realization remained Kantian. Green followed Kant’s emphasis on the value of freedom but argued that our selves are constituted only in society and that we must therefore find ways to express our freedom that are compatible with society. In the course of a large commentary on all of Kant’s works, Caird continued the theme that individual consciousness is only fully realized in an interpersonal community. Royce changed the terms if not the substance of the idealist approach to Kantian morality by arguing that individuals must have loyalty to their own causes (their own ends) but at the same time must have loyalty to their idea of loyalty, that is, to the idea that individuals must pursue their own causes in ways compatible with others doing the same. Finally, inspired by Plato as well as Kant, Paton argued that the moral will aims at interpersonal coherence in action just as we aim at coherence in cognition.
Beatrice's Last Smile
Authors: Pegg Mark Gregory 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Beatrice's Last Smile outlines the history of the Middle Ages from the fourth to the sixteenth centuries, while encompassing the Eurasian landmass. It discusses how Christianity and Islam evolved out of a shared cultural and religious ferment. Interweaving the history of Muslims with the histories of Christians and Jews helps build the narrative on the relationship of the human and the divine within individuals and their societies between 950 and 1550. Beatrice's Last Smile places Islamic history at the center of the story of Western civilization, which is similar to European Christianity in the West. It also raises the awareness that medieval Latin Christendom was arguably the marginal cultural phenomenon for most of the centuries.
Hermits in Mail
Authors: Pegg Mark Gregory 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The chapter elaborates on Rodulfus Glaber's theory about the religious difference between the East and the West. It starts with farmer Leutard’s sorrowful tale of millennial prophecy, heresy, and suicide that involved God. The First Crusade epitomized the radical blending of early medieval apocalypticism with an ardent reforming millennialism that was first articulated by Rodulfus and other Latin Christian intellectuals. Moreover, the crusade transformed the long tradition of pilgrimage and penitential redemption going back to Columbanus at the end of the sixth century. The chapter also mentions how Rodulfus was unusual in his hatred of the Jews in the early eleventh century.
One From the Many
Authors: Meissner Christopher M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This book is a brief introduction to the economic history of the global economy and the process of globalization since 1850. Key indicators of globalization, also known as economic integration, are the ratios of trade to world production, the ratio of global foreign assets relative to world production, and the share of foreign-born in the population. This book tracks the evolution of these indicators over time. All indicators of globalization rose between 1850 and 1914, during the first wave of globalization. Between 1918 and 1939, the global economy stagnated, suffering a momentous collapse during the Great Depression of the 1930s. After World War II, the global economy re-emerged, and integration deepened. A long-run view suggests that the global economy generates economic benefits and raises welfare. Humans tend to prefer more globalization to less as revealed by the very long-run historical record. Of course, there are costs to globalization, and certain groups may lose in economic terms from globalization. Going forward, with an eye on the lessons from this long-run view, the global economy will almost surely survive, and integration will continue to grow. However, globalization can only survive if humanity continues to recognize its common interests and the adverse effects of greater integration are mitigated and minimized.
The Global Economy in the Post-War Era
Authors: Meissner Christopher M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the three decades after 1945, the global economy was reconstructed. By the 1970s, trade integration had regained the level it had achieved in the late 19th century. The fundamental drivers of higher trade integration were, of course, lower trade costs. New technologies, higher incomes, and a new, multilateral approach to trade policy drove these declines. The global economy also witnessed a resurgence of economically motivated migration in the 1950s and 1960s. Western European nations were especially dependent on inflows of manufacturing workers. In the Americas, migration restrictions remained, although by the 1960s the United States and several other “new world” nations began to see modest increases in the numbers of foreign-born. Nevertheless, during the 1950s and 1960s, migration rates would never attain the levels they had prior to World War II in these former “receiving” nations.
Mind the gap: Epigenetic regulation of chromatin accessibility in plants
Authors: Candela-Ferre Joan , Diego-Martin Borja , Pérez-Alemany Jaime , Gallego-Bartolomé Javier 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Chromatin plays a crucial role in genome compaction and is fundamental for regulating multiple nuclear processes. Nucleosomes, the basic building blocks of chromatin, are central in regulating these processes, determining chromatin accessibility by limiting access to DNA for various proteins and acting as important signaling hubs. The association of histones with DNA in nucleosomes and the folding of chromatin into higher-order structures are strongly influenced by a variety of epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, histone variants, and histone post-translational modifications. Additionally, a wide array of chaperones and ATP-dependent remodelers regulate various aspects of nucleosome biology, including assembly, deposition, and positioning. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of how nucleosomes and chromatin organization are regulated by epigenetic marks and remodelers in plants. Furthermore, we present current technologies for profiling chromatin accessibility and organization.
Unraveling the complex dynamics of signaling molecules in cellular signal transduction
Authors: Wang Shenqing , Zhang Yi , Zhang Liangwei , Huang Yan , Zhang Jie , Zhang Kena , Huang Yujie , Su Gaoxing , Chen Lingxin , Yan Bing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Signaling molecules in cellular responses to foreign stimuli are described as static up- or down-concentration changes during signal transduction. This is because analytical methods for transducing molecules are much slower than the signaling events. In this study, we develop a dynamic cell model and reveal the temporal regulation of signal transduction events in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The model contained a set of 10 batches of redox-modified cells that mimic the temporal ROS accumulation events. Validating this dynamic cell model, we discover that cells survive early ROS attacks by activating the Nrf2/polysulfide/p62/CDK1 pathway. Nearly all signaling molecules exhibit time-dependent V-shape or inverse V-shape activation/feedback regulation dynamics in response to ROS accumulation. The results show that the dynamic cell model approach is invaluable for revealing complex signal intensity- and time-dependent cell signaling events.
Poor statistical reporting: do we have a reason for concern? A narrative review and recommendations
Authors: Ordak Michal 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of the review conducted was to present recent articles indicating the need to implement statistical recommendations in the daily work of biomedical journals.

Recent findings
The most recent literature shows an unchanged percentage of journals using specialized statistical review over 20 years. The problems of finding statistical reviewers, the impractical way in which biostatistics is taught and the nonimplementation of published statistical recommendations contribute to the fact that a small percentage of accepted manuscripts contain correctly performed analysis. The statistical recommendations published for authors and editorial board members in recent years contain important advice, but more emphasis should be placed on their practical and rigorous implementation. If this is not the case, we will additionally continue to experience low reproducibility of the research.

Summary
There is a low level of statistical reporting these days. Recommendations related to the statistical review of submitted manuscripts should be followed more rigorously.
Health Care Professional Distress and Mental Health: A Call to the Continuing Professional Development Community
Authors: Turco Mary G. , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Williams Betsy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
COVID-19 unleashed a maelstrom of distress on health care professionals. The pandemic contributed to a host of stressors for workers because of the need for rapid acquisition of new knowledge and skills to provide best treatment while simultaneously dealing with personal safety, limited resources, staffing shortages, and access to care issues. Concurrently, problems with systemic racial inequality and discrimination became more apparent secondary to difficulties with accessing health care for minorities and other marginalized groups. These problems contributed to many health care professionals experiencing severe moral injury and burnout as they struggled to uphold core values and do their jobs professionally. Some left or disengaged. Others died. As continuing professional development leaders focused on all health professionals, we must act deliberately to address health care professionals' distress and mental health. We must incorporate wellness and mental health as organizing principles in all we do. We must adopt a new mental model that recognizes the importance of learners' biopsychosocial functioning and commit to learners' wellness by developing activities that embrace a biopsychosocial point of view. As educators and influencers, we must demonstrate that the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's fourth aim to improve clinician well-being and safety (2014) and fifth aim to address health equity and the social determinants of health (2021) matter. It is crucial that continuing professional development leaders globally use their resources and relationships to accomplish this imperative call for action.
Evaluating minority representation across health care settings in hidradenitis suppurativa and psoriasis
Authors: Greif Charlotte , Gibson Ruby S. , Kimball Alexa B. , Holcomb Zachary E. , Porter Martina L. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Females and minorities have been underrepresented in clinical research despite legislative efforts, including in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and psoriasis (PsO) clinical trials.

Objective:
To identify differences in demographic breakdowns of HS and PsO patients between health care settings to uncover any causative health disparities.

Methods:
This study reports racial, ethnic, and sex of HS and PsO patient populations across the emergency department (ED), inpatient, clinical trial, and registry settings. In addition, 95% confidence intervals are used as proxies of statistical significance to compare demographics between settings.

Results:
Female, Hispanic, and Black patients were underrepresented in HS clinical trials compared to their population prevalence (female: 63.7% vs 73.5%; Hispanic: 3.8% vs 12.0%; Black: 9.1% vs 20.3%). Female and Black patients were underrepresented in PsO trials compared to their population prevalence (female: 33.0% vs 54.8%; Black: 2.2% vs 5.7%). Black patients were overrepresented in the inpatient and ED settings in HS (inpatient vs ED vs population prevalence: 49.9% vs 49.9% vs 20.3%) and in the inpatient setting in PsO (inpatient vs population prevalence: 19.8% vs 5.7%).

Limitations:
The main limitation is the reliability and generalizability of the published studies used to compare demographics across settings.

Conclusion:
Underrepresentation of females and minorities in HS and PsO clinical trials is consistent with published literature. Overrepresentation of Black patients in acute care settings is likely multifactorial.
The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner as coordinating practitioner in the Netherlands: A multiple case study
Authors: Boeijen Enzio R. K. , Sitvast Jan E. , Boonstra Nynke , Houtjes Wim , van Meijel Berno , Laurant Miranda G. H. , van Vught Anneke J. A. H. 
Published: January 2024

Background:Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) in the Netherlands have been allowed to perform the role of coordinating practitioner (CP) since 2018. This role is reserved for mental health care specialists who are trained and qualified at the master's degree level. Earlier studies have not addressed how PMHNPs perform that role and what mechanisms and contextual factors determine their performance. This understanding could help optimize their performance in this role and promote effective deployment of PMHNPs in mental health care.Purpose:To understand how PMHNPs perform this role and what mechanisms and contextual factors underlie that performance.Methodology:A multiple case study involving PMHNPs who work in various settings as CPs. Data were collected and analyzed using the realistic evaluation approach.Results:We identified four mechanisms related to the performance of PMHNPs in the role of CP: (1) autonomous performance; (2) unique expertise; (3) accessibility, availability, and professional involvement; and (4) additional roles. The extent to which these mechanisms are present is largely determined by organizational factors, team factors, and individual factors.Conclusions:Psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners are seeking to identify and interpret the role of CP. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of role performance by PMHNPs and what they should focus on to deliver effective and patient-centered mental health care.Implications:Policymakers, health care professionals, and educators should consider the mechanisms and contextual factors to facilitate and support PMHNPs' employment and training in the role of CP.
Student Reflections on Learning in a Doctoral-Level Writing Course
Authors: Anderson Jessica , Berryman Kristen , Dowd Jessica , Kenny Caitlin , Luib Patrick , Nkrumah Isaac , Reilly Laura , Retano-Anderson Angela , Ronquillo Khristine , Wadhawan Anju , Birnbaum Shira 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Programs to improve student writing have been deployed widely in nursing graduate education, but few operational indicators exist for measuring their value.

Problem:
The challenge of measuring outcomes reflects the complexity of what transpires when graduate students write. Better understanding is needed of what it means to students to “learn” from writing support.

Approach:
A full-semester writing course was implemented in a nursing science PhD program. In formative course assessment activities, students identified problems in early drafts of their work, which they subsequently learned to detect and resolve. In this article, students report what was learned.

Conclusion:
Writing skills, like clinical skills, are intertwined with intellectual maturation and sense of professional identity. Writing, like clinical learning, requires an investment of time and labor far beyond what is typical in didactic approaches to classroom-based graduate education. Our experience suggests a need to reconceptualize writing pedagogy in nursing.
Unraveling principles of thermodynamics for genome-scale metabolic networks using graph neural networks
Authors: Fan Wenchao , Ding Chuyun , Huang Dan , Zheng Weiyan , Dai Ziwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe fundamental laws of thermodynamics determine the feasibility of all natural processes including metabolism. Although several algorithms have been developed to predict the most important thermodynamic parameter, the standard Gibbs free energy, for metabolic reactions and metabolites, their application to genome-scale metabolic networks (GEMs) with thousands of metabolites and reactions is still limited. Here, we develop a graph neural network (GNN)- based model dGbyG for predicting Gibbs energy for metabolites and metabolic reactions which outperforms all existing methods in accuracy, versatility, robustness, and generalization ability. By applying dGbyG to the human GEM, Recon3D, we identify a critical subset of reactions with substantial negative values of the standard Gibbs free energy change, which we name thermodynamic driver reactions. These reactions exhibit distinctive network topological characteristics akin to driver nodes defined in control theory and remarkable heterogeneity in enzyme abundance, implying evolutionary constraints on the selection of thermodynamic parameters of metabolic networks. We also develop a thermodynamics-based flux balance analysis (TFBA) approach to integrate reaction thermodynamics with GEMs to curate these models. Our work not only transcends the augmentation of accessible thermodynamic data to facilitate an enriched understanding of metabolism, but also enables refinement of metabolic reconstructions from a thermodynamic perspective, thereby underscoring the critical role of thermodynamics in the accurate modeling of biological systems.
MCLand: A Python program for drawing emerging shapes of Waddington’s epigenetic landscape by Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Chong Ket Hing , Zhang Xiaomeng , Lin Zhu , Zheng Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWaddington’s epigenetic landscape is a powerful metaphor for illustrating the process of cell differentiation. Recently, it has been used to model cancer progression and stem cell reprogramming. User-friendly software for landscape quantification and visualization is needed to allow more modeling researchers to benefit from this theory.ResultsWe present MCLand, a Python program for plotting Waddington’s epigenetic landscape with a user-friendly graphical user interface. It models gene regulatory network (GRN) in ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and uses a Monte Carlo method to estimate the probability distribution of cell states from simulated time-course trajectories to quantify the landscape. Monte Carlo method has been tested on a few GRN models with biologically meaningful results. MCLand shows better intermediate details of kinetic path in Waddington’s landscape compared to the state-of-the-art software Netland.Availability and implementationThe source code and user manual of MCLand can be downloaded fromhttps://mcland-ntu.github.io/MCLand/index.html.
A Worldwide Study of White Matter Microstructural Alterations in People Living with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Owens-Walton Conor , Nir Talia M. , Al-Bachari Sarah , Ambrogi Sonia , Anderson Tim J. , Aventurato Ítalo Karmann , Cendes Fernando , Chen Yao-Liang , Ciullo Valentina , Cook Phil , Dalrymple-Alford John C. , Dirkx Michiel F. , Druzgal Jason , Emsley Hedley C. A. , Guimarães Rachel , Haroon Hamied A. , Helmich Rick C. , Hu Michele T. , Johansson Martin E. , Kim Ho Bin , Klein Johannes C. , Laansma Max , Lawrence Katherine E. , Lochner Christine , Mackay Clare , McMillan Corey , Melzer Tracy R. , Nabulsi Leila , Newman Ben , Opriessnig Peter , Parkes Laura M. , Pellicano Clelia , Piras Fabrizio , Piras Federica , Pirpamer Lukas , Pitcher Toni L. , Poston Kathleen L. , Roos Annerine , Silva Lucas Scárdua , Schmidt Reinhold , Schwingenschuh Petra , Shahid Marian , Spalletta Gianfranco , Stein Dan J. , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Tosun Duygu , Tsai Chih-Chien , van den Heuvel Odile A. , van Heese Eva , Vecchio Daniela , Villalón-Reina Julio E. , Vriend Chris , Wang Jiun-Jie , Wu Yih-Ru , Yasuda Clarissa Lin , Thompson Paul M. , Jahanshad Neda , van der Werf Ysbrand 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with microstructural alterations in neural pathways, contributing to both motor and cognitive decline. However, conflicting findings have emerged due to the use of heterogeneous methods in small studies, particularly regarding the involvement of white matter (WM) tracts. Here we performed the largest diffusion MRI study of PD to date, integrating data from 17 cohorts worldwide, to identify stage-specific profiles of WM differences.MethodsDiffusion-weighted MRI data from 1,654 participants diagnosed with PD (age range: 20-89 years; 33% female) and 885 controls (age range: 19-84 years; 47% female) were analyzed using the ENIGMA-DTI protocol to evaluate regional microstructure in 21 white matter regions. Skeletonized maps of diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were analyzed and compared between Hoehn and Yahr (HY) disease groups and controls to reveal the profile of white matter differences at different stages.ResultsWe found an enhanced, more widespread pattern of microstructural differences with each stage of PD, with eventually lower FA and higher MD in almost all regions of interest (ROIs): Cohen’sdeffect sizes reachedd=-1.01 for FA differences in the fornix by PD HY Stage 4/5. The early PD signature in HY stages 1 and 2 included higher FA and lower MD across the entire white matter skeleton, in a direction opposite to that typical of other neurodegenerative diseases. FA and MD were associated with clinical metrics of motor and non-motor clinical dysfunction.ConclusionWhile overridden by degenerative changes in the later stages of PD, early PD is associated with paradoxically higher FA in PD, which is consistent with early compensatory changes associated with the disorder.