bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential stimulation of IgE production, STAT activation and cytokine and CD86 expression by 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene and trimellitic anhydride
Authors: Guo T. L. , Zhang X. L. , Leffel E. K. , Peachee V. L. , Karrow N. A. , Germolec D. R. , White K. L. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIt has been reported that dermal exposure to trimellitic anhydride (TMA, 50%), a respiratory allergen, induced greater production of serum IgE and expression of Th2 cytokines than 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB, 1%), a potent contact sensitizer, in female BALB/C mice. To determine if there is any strain difference, four strains (B6C3F1, C57BL/6, BDF1 and BALB/C) of female mice were employed in this study to compare the differential effects of these chemicals on the hypersensitivity responses. Serum IgE levels were increased in TMA‐treated B6C3F1, C57BL/6 and BDF1 mice when compared with the DNCB treatment and vehicle controls; in contrast, no difference was observed between TMA‐ and DNCB‐treated BALB/C mice, although both chemicals induced greater IgE production than vehicle controls. In vitro expression of interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 mRNA by overnight concanavalin A (ConA)‐stimulated draining lymph node cells was enhanced following in vivo treatment with TMA but not with DNCB in the B6C3F1, C57BL/6 and BDF1 mice. In contrast, TMA and DNCB induced similar levels of IL‐4 and IL‐13 mRNA in the BALB/C mice. The IL‐4 protein levels in the supernatants of overnight ConA‐treated draining lymph node cells were also increased in TMA‐treated B6C3F1 and C57BL/6 mice when compared with the DNCB treatment and vehicle controls. Further mechanistic evaluation in the B6C3F1 mice indicated that the activation of STAT6 but not STAT4 by ConA plus IL‐2‐treated draining lymph node cells was increased in TMA‐ but not DNCB‐treated mice when compared with the vehicle controls. Furthermore, surface expression of B7.2 (CD86) by B cells was increased in both TMA‐ and DNCB‐treated B6C3F1 mice when compared with the vehicles; however, greater B7.2 expression was observed in TMA‐treated compared with DNCB‐treated. Overall, these results demonstrate that a similar pattern of IgE and cytokine production was observed in these strains of mice except for BALB/C. Furthermore, differential activation of STAT6 and expression of CD86 following exposure to TMA and DNCB may contribute to the differential production of IgE and cytokines. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural examination of rabbit aortic wall following high‐fat diet feeding and selenium supplementation: a transmission electron microscopy study
Authors: Mehta U. , Kang B. P. S. , Kukreja R. S. , Bansal M. P. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractExperiments were carried out to examine the changes occurring in the wall of rabbit aortae following high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding as well as HFD + selenium supplementation. Male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups—control, HFD‐fed and HFD + Se supplementation—and were treated for three months. The study depicted that levels of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were markedly increased in the HFD‐fed group as compared with control animals. However, in the HFD + Se‐fed group, these levels were markedly suppressed vis‐à‐vis animals fed on HFD only. Development of atherogenic and atheromatic plaques has been shown at the light microscopy level in HFD‐fed rabbits, whereas these developments were not visible in the HFD + Se‐fed rabbits. Transmission electron microscopy findings indicated altered ultrastructure in the endothelial cells of the intimal layer as well as smooth‐muscle cells of the medial layer in HFD‐fed animals. However, these findings indicated normal ultrastructure in most of the cells, with little ultrastructural alterations from animals supplemented with Se along with HFD feeding. The study on the whole depicted the ability of Se to inhibit the onset of progression of aortic disease and hence has relevance to its therapeutic potential. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effect of dietary administration of Lathyrus sativus pulse on behaviour, neurotransmitter receptors and membrane permeability in rats and guinea pigs
Authors: Amba Archana , Seth Kavita , Ali Mohamed , Das Mukul , Agarwal A. K. , Khanna Subhash K. , Seth P. K. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractNeurolathyrism, an upper motor neuron disease, has been thought to be caused by long‐term dietary consumption of lathyrus pulse, which contains the toxin β‐N‐oxalyl‐L‐α,β‐diaminopropionic acid. Earlier behavioural studies employing oral feeding of lathyrus pulse to animals has been conducted without evaluating the biochemical toxicity potential. In the present investigation the effect of dietary feeding of 10%, 50% and 80% lathyrus pulse to rats and guinea pigs for 3 months on neurobehavioural parameters, including locomotor activity, inclined plain test and neurotoxicological parameters such as neurotransmitter receptor binding, Ca2+ influx and membrane fluidity, was investigated. Exposure of 50% low and high toxin lathyrus to rats did not cause any significant change in locomotor activity, whereas guinea pigs at the same dosage regimen of high toxin lathyrus showed significant lowering of inclined plain test scores. Furthermore, studies of neuroreceptor binding in rats fed 50% low and high toxin lathyrus showed significant changes in glutamate, dopamine and muscarinic receptors, whereas the benzodiazepine receptor elicited no change. Guinea pigs, on the other hand, fed 50% and 80% lathyrus in the diet showed significant changes in glutamate, dopamine, muscarinic and benzodiazepine receptors. Interestingly, significant elevation in intracellular calcium with a concomitant increase in membrane fluidity was observed in rats (50% low and high toxin) and guinea pigs (50% and 80%) fed a lathyrus diet. These results indicate that although both species (rats and guinea pigs) are susceptible to neurochemical changes on exposure to lathyrus, locomotor changes are only noticed in guinea pigs. Thus, guinea pigs may be more prone to lathyrus toxicity and may serve as a sensitive animal model compared with rats. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of changes in brain muscarinic receptor and motor activity of mice after neonatal inhalation exposure to d‐allethrin
Authors: Tsuji Ryozo , Kobayashi Kumiko , Ikeda Maya , Yoshioka Takafumi , Yamada Tomoya , Seki Takaki , Okuno Yasuyoshi , Nakatsuka Iwao , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Kishioka Shiroh 
Published: November 2002

AbstractSynthetic pyrethroids are among the most common pesticides and insecticides currently in worldwide use. Eriksson and co‐workers postulated that oral exposure of mice to pyrethroids during a neonatal brain growth spurt induces permanent disturbance in the cerebral muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MAChR) and behaviour. However, the scientific basis for these phenomena is now under discussion. The present study was performed to determine whether the experimental findings of Eriksson's study could be reproduced in newborn mice by inhalation. Male and female NMRI mice were exposed to d‐allethrin by whole‐body inhalation for 6 h per day between postnatal days 10 and 16. Actual concentrations of d‐allethrin were 0.43, 1.35, 3.49 and 74.2 mg m−3 (equivalent to 0.70, 2.2, 5.7 and 120.2 mg kg−1 day−1, respectively), and the mass median aerodynamic diameter and geometric log‐standard deviation of mist particles ranged from 2.58 to 2.98 µm and from 1.58 to 2.09 µm for all groups, respectively. The highest exposure level in the present study (74.2 mg m−3) was ca. 13 000 times as high as the concentration used in practice. The MAChR in the three brain areas (cortex, hippocampus and striatum) and motor activity were examined at the ages of 17 days and 4 months. In addition, a water‐maze test was performed at the age of 11 months. There was no systemic toxicity interfering with the interpretation of assay results. The neonatal exposure to d‐allethrin by inhalation did not induce effects either on the brain MAChR density and motor activity at 17 days and 4 months or on performance in the learning/memory test at the age of 11 months. The effects of allethrins on developmental neurotoxicity that Eriksson and co‐workers reported previously were not reproduced in the present study. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dose–response relationship between total cadmium intake calculated from the cadmium concentration in rice collected from each household of farmers and renal dysfunction in inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Etsuko , Okubo Yasushi , Suwazono Yasushi , Kido Teruhiko , Nogawa Koji 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe association between total cadmium (Cd) intake and abnormal urinary findings was investigated in the Cd‐polluted Jinzu River basin. In 1967 and 1968 the most systematic and large‐scale health examinations were conducted among the entire population aged over 30 years of this region. We performed this study by targeting the subjects participating in the 1967 health survey conducted mainly in the heavily polluted area. From subjects who had eaten household rice of known Cd concentration, 1075 inhabitants who had either resided in their current household since birth or who had moved there from a non‐polluted area (group A), and 780 inhabitants who had resided in the current household since birth (group B), were selected as the target population. The total Cd intake for each person was calculated from the Cd dose ingested from rice and other foods. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the prevalence of abnormal urinary findings (proteinuria, glucosuria and proteinuria with glucosuria) as the criterion variable and the total Cd intake and age as explanatory variables. In subjects of groups A and B the odds ratios became higher as the dose of total Cd intake increased. Odds ratios in subjects of group A were statistically significant except for glucosuria of men and proteinuria of women. In subjects of group B the odds ratios were also significant for proteinuria + glucosuria of men and glucosuria of women.It was demonstrated that the greater the increase in total Cd intake, the greater the increase in abnormal urinary findings in the Jinzu River basin, and the association of the two factors was very close. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinguishing animal subsets in toxicokinetic studies: comparison of non‐linear mixed effects modelling with non‐compartmental methods
Authors: Hing Jeremy P. , Woolfrey Steven G. , Greenslade Dennis , Wright Peter M. C. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the ability of non‐compartmental analysis and compartmental mixed effects modelling (MEM) to determine the existence and magnitude of exposure differences (i.e. exposure ratio estimates) between subsets of animals during destructive toxicokinetic studies. Data from five toxicokinetic studies of an experimental compound were analysed using a linear trapezoidal calculation of the area under the curve (non‐compartmental analysis) or modelled using MEM. With the non‐compartmental method the Bailer–Satterthwaite approximation was used to construct confidence intervals around the exposure estimates of each subset of animals and these were used to determine if exposure differed between the subsets. The MEM analyses were performed on the full datasets and on datasets with arbitrary reductions in the number of animal replicates. With MEM, additional model parameters were used to differentiate between subsets of animals, and were incorporated only if they were justified statistically. Estimates of the existence and magnitude of exposure differences between animal subsets were similar with the two techniques. The MEM analyses were influenced only marginally by substantial reductions in the number of animals studied and were less compromised by extremely limited or unbalanced data. These analyses show that MEM and non‐compartmental methods are similarly effective at detecting exposure differences between animal subsets in toxicokinetic studies. Estimates provided by both methods were influenced by the degree of variance in the data. These results support the proposition that it may be possible to reduce the number of animals employed in toxicokinetic studies if MEM is used. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel method for detection of ex vivo tumor necrosis factor α production by monocytes
Authors: Suzuki Kikumi , Koyama Takatoshi , Kobayashi Shizuko , Kobayashi Koji , Inagaki Koji , Abe Yoshiko , Kuriyama Kiyoshi , Shiba Kiyoko 
Published: November 2002

AbstractTumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) has come into recent focus as a proinflammatory cytokine derived from monocytes/macrophages. We developed a novel system (the SEK‐5001 system) for measurement of ex vivo production of TNF‐α stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a marker of immune function. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of this system as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, we compared TNF‐α levels with data from other immune function tests, including lymphocyte blast formation test and differential leukocyte counts. Incubation of whole blood with a stimulation of low‐dose LPS (100 EU/mL blood) for 4hr at 37°C gave acceptable results. After incubation, plasma TNF‐α levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity, reproducibility, and recovery of the SEK‐5001 system were excellent. No correlation between TNF‐α levels and total leukocyte counts was found. Lymphocyte blast formation test and monocyte counts, however, were correlated with TNF‐α levels in blood from patients with hematological malignancy and aplastic anemia before treatment. This assay system may potentially be clinically applicable to assess in vivo immune function. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:273–278, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical application of the serum 1,5‐anhydroglucitol assay method using glucose 3‐dehydrogenase
Authors: Hamafuji Tetsuro , Tsugawa Wakako , Sode Koji 
Published: November 2002

AbstractWe attempted to develop a novel serum 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG) assay kit using glucose 3‐dehydrogenase (G3DH) from Halomonas sp. α‐15 strain. The major advantages of this method are that the 1,5‐AG detection requires a very small amount of G3DH, and the enzyme catalyzes a simple reaction. The analytical performances were acceptable for clinical use operated with a clinical automatic analyzer. The correlation with a commercial assay kit against sera of healthy volunteers was y=0.975x+0.008, r=0.993, Sy∣x=1.32 μg/mL. However, sham‐negative specimens were observed in the validation of this method using specimens from hospital patients. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:299–303, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in the mannan binding lectin (MBL) concentration in human milk during lactation
Authors: Trégoat Virginie , Montagne Paul , Béné Marie‐Christine , Faure Gilbert 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe mannan binding lectin (MBL) activates the complement system by the lectin pathway after the recognition of some structural motifs (saccharides) present on the surface of microorganisms. MBL has been mostly identified and quantified in human serum by ELISA or microparticle immunonephelometry assays. This article reports the MBL levels as assessed by a microparticle immunonephelometric assay in 76 human milk samples. Immunonephelometry was performed using skim‐milk samples diluted 20 times over a calibration range of 0.07–4.82 mg/L. MBL is indeed present in human milk and its concentration decreases significantly during development from colostrum (0.55±0.09 mg/L) to transitional (0.18±0.02 mg/L) and mature milk (0.17±0.02 mg/L). This innate molecule may be involved in the primary defenses of the mammary gland and the neonate, whose immune system is immature. The high levels observed during the first days of lactation support the hypothesis that this molecule plays a key role in limiting the colonization of the newborn gut by pathogens. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:304–307, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug–herb interactions: unexpected suppression of free Danshen concentrations by salicylate
Authors: Gupta Deepali , Jalali Mehri , Wells Alice , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe general population of the U.S. uses over‐the‐counter herbal medicines. Danshen is a Chinese herbal product used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In a previous study we showed that Danshen has significant digoxin‐like immunoreactivity, and we used this parameter to monitor total and free Danshen activities in sera (10). In this report we demonstrated strong protein binding of Danshen (50–70%), and we also identified albumin as the major serum protein that binds Danshen. Because salicylate, which is also strongly bound to albumin, is a widely used over‐the‐counter medicine in the U.S., we studied Danshen–salicylate interaction in vitro. We observed no significant change in free Danshen concentrations as measured by free‐digoxin‐like activity when salicylate concentrations were subtherapeutic (≤100 μg/mL). With therapeutic concentrations of salicylate (≥150 μg/mL), the free Danshen concentrations significantly decreased from the control. On the other hand, Danshen can displace salicylate from protein binding, thereby increasing the free salicylate concentration. We conclude that salicylate in therapeutic concentration can significantly decrease free Danshen concentrations, and Danshen can displace salicylate. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:290–294, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of anti‐anti‐idiotypic monoclonal antibody (“Ab1‐like Ab3”) in relation to carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Tsujisaki Masayuki , Masuya Jiro , Okada Yoshimasa , Jinnohara Tsuneharu , Sasaki Shigeru , Yachi Akira , Imai Kohzoh 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn order to analyze the epitope structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the idiotype network system, seven anti‐idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (anti‐Id MoAbs) were generated from a BALB/c mouse immunized with anti‐CEA MoAb P1‐356, which recognized a synthetic peptide P1 of CEA, domain I. These MoAbs were divided into four groups. The anti‐Id MoAbs specifically reacted with MoAb P1‐356, but not with any MoAb, and inhibited the binding of MoAb P1‐356 to CEA, indicating that all of these anti‐Id MoAbs recognized private idiotopes at the combining sites of MoAb P1‐356. Polyclonal anti‐anti‐idiotypic antiserum (Ab3) generated with anti‐Id MoAbs M315 (Ab2), blocked the binding of MoAb P1‐356 (Ab1) to CEA and reacted with CEA(Ag) and synthetic peptide P1. The analysis of serological assays suggested that it contains “Ab1‐like Ab3.” Therefore, we prepared anti‐anti‐Id MoAbs using anti‐Id MoAb M315. Among 13 candidates, anti‐anti‐Id MoAb 11B2 was selected, because it competed with MoAb P1‐356 (Ab1) binding to CEA. A direct binding assay using MoAb11B2 showed that it reacted with purified CEA and with CEA synthetic peptide P1. In addition, MoAb 11B2 (Ab3) reacted with both CEA‐producing cultured cells and colonic cancerous tissues in immunostaining. These results indicate that anti‐anti‐Id MoAb 11B2 is “Ab1‐like Ab3.” Therefore, it is suggested that anti‐Id MoAb M315 bears an “internal image” of the MoAb P1‐356‐defined epitope on CEA. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:279–289, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of dietary restriction beyond middle age: Accumulation of altered proteins and protein degradation
Authors: Takahashi Ryoya , Goto Sataro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractDietary restriction (DR) from weaning or young adult stages in rodents throughout their usual life span has been shown to prolong longevity and lower or delay (or both) the occurrence of many late‐onset diseases, but the effects of DR when performed at middle age or later have not been well investigated. We have studied the effect of DR initiated late in life on altered proteins and protein degradation. DR initiated in 23.5‐month‐old mice and continued for 2 months reduced the amount of altered proteins and shortened the half‐life of proteins, including oxidatively modified ones. Furthermore, our more recent studies in rats demonstrated that DR initiated later in life (26.5 months old) restored the activities of proteasomes that have been implicated in removal of altered proteins. Thus, DR initiated even relatively late in life appears to have beneficial effects, restoring an animal's youthful condition in terms of the age‐related accumulation of altered proteins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:278–281, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of aging and life‐long calorie restriction on expression of apoptosis‐related genes in male F344 rat liver
Authors: Ando Kohei , Higami Yoshikazu , Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Kanematsu Takashi , Shimokawa Isao 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAging enhances apoptosis of hepatocytes under normal physiological conditions and increases the susceptibility to apoptosis of hepatocytes, whereas chronic calorie restriction (CR) suppresses the age‐enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis. To clarify the subcellular mechanisms of age‐associated dysregulation of apoptosis and the effects of CR, we analyzed the expression of genes promoting apoptosis (p53, Fas receptor, Fas ligand, TNF receptor 1, TNFα, Bax, TGFβ1) and genes preventing apoptosis (Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL) in the livers of 3‐, 6‐, 15‐, and 24‐month‐old male F344 rats that were either fed ad libitum or subjected to a 30% reduction in food intake (CR). After the age of 6 months, expression of p53, Fas receptor, Fas ligand, and TNFα mRNAs was up‐regulated with aging. CR suppressed this age‐enhanced p53 and Fas receptor mRNA expression, but expression of the other genes was not altered significantly by aging or CR. Expression of Fas receptor in hepatocytes, as detected immunohistochemically, increased with age, but CR suppressed age‐accelerated Fas receptor expression. Our findings suggest that TNF ligand/TNF receptor family signaling, particularly Fas receptor expression, is important in age‐ and CR‐modulated apoptosis of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes that were immunoreactive for p53 had slightly increased with aging, suggesting that p53 may mediate the age‐enhanced up‐regulation of Fas receptor in hepatocytes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:293–300, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of food restriction on motoneuronal loss with advancing age in the rat
Authors: Kanda Kenro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe effects of life‐long food restriction on motoneuronal cell death with advancing age was studied in male Fischer rats, which had access to food only 3 days a week after weaning (FR rats). Motoneurons innervating the medial gastrocnemius muscle were labeled with retrogradely transported HRP. The number of labeled motoneurons in FR rats and rats fed ad libitum (AL rats) was similar at the age of 16 months (131.8 ± 1.7 for FR rats vs. 133.8 ± 4.5 for AL rats). However, at 28 months of age, AL rats had less labeled motoneurons compared to FR rats (117.0 ± 2.4 for FR rats vs. 124.3 ± 7.0 for FR rats). The number of type I muscle fibers in the medial gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly in AL rats during the period from 16 to 28 months of age, which might reflect motor unit reorganization following retraction of axons and/or death of innervating motoneurons. FR rats did not show statistically significant alteration. These findings were also true for the data compiled from several different experiments including those conducted for primarily different purposes in our laboratory. The results suggest that life‐long food restriction retards motoneuronal cell death occurring with advancing age. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:301–305, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.