bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Discursive Spaces of Knowledge Refused by Science: An Analysis of the Epistemic Structures in the Narratives Repertoires on Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Picardi Ilenia , Serafini Luca , Serino Marco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an understanding of the social configurations with which Refused Knowledge Communities (RKCs) attribute credibility to knowledge about healthcare and wellbeing. This study focuses on how RKCs enrol knowledge claims and heterogeneous actors to build, maintain and legitimise forms of knowledge refused by science. The analysis relies on empirical materials related to the online discourses shared in the Alkaline Water (AW) and Five Biological Laws (5BLs) RKCs from January 2020 to December 2021—a time span characterised by the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the management of the related health crisis—by identifying in each RKC distinct claims of refused knowledge and the actors that sustain these claims. Through a combination of qualitative analysis and network-analytic techniques, we examine the epistemic structures of the AW and 5BLs RKCs and formalise the connections between claims and actors within each RKC by a two-mode network in which claims are connected to actors. By means of community detection, we provide a visual analysis of the configuration of claim–actor connections, while using betweenness centrality scores to denote ‘flexible’ objects that link diverse sub-groups of nodes—that is, claims or actors that act as ‘boundary objects’ within these complex social worlds.
Sichtweisen einer Stichprobe überwiegend jüngerer Ärztinnen und Ärzte zum ärztlich-assistierten Suizid
Authors: Küppers Remo , Meier Stefan , Batzler Yann-Nicolas , Schallenburger Manuela , Wetzchewald Dietmar , Dreyer Sven , Schwartz Jaqueline , Neukirchen Martin 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Am 26.02.2020 hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht den § 217 StGB, der die geschäftsmäßige Förderung der Selbsttötung unter Strafe stellte, für nichtig erklärt. Seitdem wird eine mögliche gesetzliche Neuregelung diskutiert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Wissen, Erfahrungen und Einstellungen jüngerer Ärztinnen und Ärzte zur Suizidassistenz zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Von November 2022 bis März 2023 wurde eine quantitative Umfrage in Fortbildungskursen zur Notfallmedizin, Intensivmedizin und Hämatologie durchgeführt und deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 1163 Datensätze (Rücklaufquote 82,1 %) ausgewertet. 90,8 % der Befragten hatten bereits Sterbende betreut. 62,3 % befürworteten eine Suizidassistenz nur bei Menschen in palliativen Behandlungssituationen, 20,1 % befürworteten Suizidassistenz unabhängig vom Gesundheitszustand des Menschen. 33,1 % wurden bereits um Suizidassistenz gebeten. 3,3 % hatten persönlich bei einer Suizidassistenz mitgewirkt. 71,0 % kannten den Inhalt des Bundesverfassungsgerichtsurteils zum § 217 nicht, 72,0 % waren über die Gesetzesvorschläge zur Neuregelung des assistierten Suizids nicht informiert. 66,4 % sahen Ärztinnen und Ärzte als die richtigen Ansprechpartner, um über die Zulässigkeit eines Suizidwunsches zu entscheiden.

Diskussion
Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass jüngere Ärztinnen und Ärzte einen deutlichen Unterschied in ihrer Haltung zur Suizidassistenz zwischen Menschen ohne Vorerkrankungen und solchen in palliativen Behandlungssituationen machen. Weitere Untersuchungen über die Ursachen der häufigen Unkenntnis der normativen Grundlagen sind notwendig. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass mehr Aufklärungsarbeit über Suizidalternativen und palliativmedizinische Versorgungsmöglichkeiten geleistet werden muss.
Harlequin frog tadpoles—comparative buccopharyngeal morphology in the gastromyzophorous tadpoles of the genus Atelopus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae), with discussion on the phylogenetic and evolutionary implication of characters
Authors: dos Santos Dias Pedro Henrique , Anganoy-Criollo Marvin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Neotropical genus Atelopus is the most diverse genus of bufonids comprising 99 species. Tadpoles of these frogs are readily distinguished based on the presence of a belly sucker, used by them to stay attached to rocks in fast-flowing streams. Despite their intriguing biology, information about their anatomy is scarce and many morphological systems are unknown. We describe the buccopharyngeal cavity of five Atelopus species. The Atelopus buccopharyngeal cavity is characterized by (1) presence of a pendulum-like papillae in the prenarial arena, (2) presence of a glandular zone in the prenarial arena, (3) narial vacuities, (4) conical median ridge, (5) absence of buccal roof arena papillae, (6) absence of buccal roof pustulations, (7) single pair of infralabial papillae, (8) absence of lingual papillae, and (9) absence of pustulations in the buccal floor. We propose that characters 1, 2, and 3 are new synapomorphies for the genus. We also propose that the presence of a single pair of infralabial papillae is a synapomorphy for bufonid. Finally, we discuss the convergent evolution of gastromyzophorous and suctorial tadpoles withing anurans.
Endogene Candida-Endophthalmitis
Authors: Huth A. , Roth M. , Viestenz A. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungDie endogeneCandida-Endophthalmitis ist eine seltene, aber visusbedrohende Erkrankung. Eine durchCandida-Spezies hervorgerufene endogene Endophthalmitis hat in den meisten Fällen eine bessere Prognose als endogene Endophthalmitiden durch andere Pilzarten oder Bakterien, trotzdem ist die Prognose stark abhängig von der Zeitdauer bis zur Diagnostik und der anschließenden Therapie sowie dem initialen Visus. In der Vergangenheit wurden bereits Vorschläge für Therapiealgorithmen erstellt, verbindliche Leitlinien in der Ophthalmologie existieren aufgrund der Seltenheit der Erkrankung nur vereinzelt. In diesem Review soll auf die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur endogenenCandida-Endophthalmitis eingegangen werden, und es werden Rückschlüsse aus der derzeitigen Studienlage gezogen.
Echocardiographic predictors of outcome in severe aortic stenosis patients with preserved or reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Sokalski Victoria , Liu Dan , Hu Kai , Frantz Stefan , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aims
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as the treatment of choice for many patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. We sought to identify the echocardiographic predictors of 30-day and 1-year outcomes after TAVI in patients with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods
This single-centre study included 618 aortic stenosis patients (mean age 82 ± 6 years, 47.1% male; 74.8% LVEF > 50%) who underwent balloon-expandable TAVI between July 2009 and October 2018 in our hospital. All patients completed at least 6 months of follow-up by medical history review or telephone interview (median 24, quartiles 12–42 months). The primary endpoint was all-cause death.

Results
All-cause mortality rate was 5.2% (LVEF > 50%: 4.3% vs. LVEF ≤ 50%: 7.7%, p = 0.141) at 30 days and 15.4% (LVEF > 50%: 14.7% vs. LVEF ≤ 50%: 17.3%, p = 0.443) at 12 months post TAVI. Overall all-cause mortality rate was 45.1% (LVEF > 50%: 44.6% vs. LVEF ≤ 50%: 46.8%, p = 0.643). Mean survival time post TAVI was 51 months [95% CI (48; 55)]. In TAVI patients with LVEF > 50%, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed several independent predictors for increased risk of death after adjusting for echocardiographic and clinical covariates: TAPSE (≤ 17 vs. > 17 mm, HR 1.528, p = 0.016) and sPAP (> 30 vs. ≤ 30 mmHg, HR 1.900, p = 0.002) for overall mortality, E/E′ septal for 30-day mortality (> 21 vs. ≤ 21, HR 14.462, p = 0.010) and 12-month mortality (> 21 vs. ≤ 21, HR 1.881, p = 0.026). In TAVI patients with LVEF ≤ 50%, no independent echocardiographic predictors for outcome could be identified.

Conclusions
LVEF is not a predictor of short- and long-term mortality after TAVI. In patients with preserved LVEF, left ventricular filling pressure (E/E´), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and TAPSE are echocardiographic risk factors for increased mortality post TAVI.

Graphical abstract
Goal-directed therapeutic exercise for paediatric posterior fossa brain tumour survivors: a qualitative analysis of experiences
Authors: Kohler Brooke E. , Baque Emmah , Sandler Carolina X. , Jones Taryn , Terranova Caroline O. , Brookes Denise S. K. , Hassall Timothy , Bradford Natalie K. , Trost Stewart G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore child and parent experiences of a 12-week goal-directed therapeutic exercise intervention in paediatric posterior fossa brain tumours survivors and to identify features of the program that influenced program adherence and acceptability.MethodsEleven interviews were conducted; five parent-child dyads (mothers = 83%) and one parent only (mean child age = 10.6 ± 3.0 years; 83% male). Posterior fossa brain tumour survivors, who participated in a weekly goal-directed exercise program for 12 weeks, completed semi-structured interviews to discuss their experience of the program. An inductive content analysis was undertaken. Interviews were transcribed, imported into NVivo and independently coded by two reviewers. Code and content categories were iteratively discussed and refined.ResultsFive content categories were generated: (1) perceived improvements, (2) program logistics, (3) activity selection, (4) connection with the therapist and (5) options for technology. All participants valued the tailored exercise program and described improvements in movement competence. Children and their parents discussed preferring home- and community-based locations and favoured face-to-face delivery. Occasionally, parents reported difficulty completing the home program due to low child motivation or family time restrictions. Multiple families suggested an interactive digital application would be an effective delivery channel for the supplemental home-based program.ConclusionA goal-directed exercise program delivered at home and in community-based locations was considered valuable and helpful for improving movement competence in paediatric survivors of posterior fossa brain tumour.Trial registrationACTRN12619000841178 June 12, 2019
Is impairment of facial emotion recognition independent of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Sever Aktuna Yagmur Simge , Koskderelioglu Asli , Eskut Neslihan , Aktuna Atalay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Emotions expressed on the face play a key role in social cognition and communication by providing inner emotional experiences. This study aimed to evaluate facial emotion identification and discrimination and empathy abilities in patients with MS and whether it is related to cognitive dysfunction.

Methods
One hundred twenty patients with relapsing–remitting MS and age- and sex-matched 120 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All the subjects were evaluated with the Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT), Facial Emotion Discrimination Test (FEIDT), and Empathy Quotient (EQ). We used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression and detailed cognitive tests, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). The quality of life was assessed with Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQL-54).

Results
Patients with MS were 37.6 ± 9.5 years old, had a mean disease duration of 8.8 ± 6.6 (8–28) years, and a mean EDSS score of 1.6 ± 1.3 (0–4.5). We found significant differences in the identification of facial emotions, discrimination of facial emotions, and empathy in MS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Especially the recognition of feelings of sadness, fear, and shame was significantly lower in MS patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed low SDMT and FEIDT scores which showed an independent association with MS.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that facial emotion recognition and identification deficits are remarkable among patients with MS and emotion recognition is impaired together with and independently of cognitive dysfunction in MS patients.
Modeling financial leasing by optimal stopping approach
Authors: De Cesare Luigi , Cananà Lucianna , Ciano Tiziana , Ferrara Massimiliano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLeasing valuation is a topic that has aroused considerable interest in business circles. This paper examines leasing from the point of view of the lessor who can decide to leave the contract due to default. We analyze in introducing a model in which the lessor decides whether or not to terminate the contract at a given point in time, comparing it with the cost of capital of alternative investments. The proposed model is stochastic, and it is strongly based on correlated random walks, making it more adaptable to real-world circumstances. Furthermore, we propose a recombinant binomial tree based on correlated random walks, performing numerical simulations starting from CIR and Vasicek models. We will point out that as the rate of cost of capital of an alternative investment increases, the optimal boundary curve decreases, so the lessor leaves, while as the past interest rates increases, the curve rises and the lessor will have a concrete interest in maintaining the contract.
Global landscape of COVID-19 research: a visualization analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Zyoud Sa’ed H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe emergence of COVID-19 in 2019 has resulted in a significant global health crisis. Consequently, extensive research was published to understand and mitigate the disease. In particular, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been considered the benchmark for assessing the efficacy and safety of interventions. Hence, the present study strives to present a comprehensive overview of the global research landscape pertaining to RCTs and COVID-19. A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database. The search parameters included articles published from 2020 to 2022 using keywords specifically related to COVID-19 and RCTs. The data were analyzed using various bibliometric indicators. The volume of publications, contributions of countries and institutions, funding agencies, active journals, citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and future research direction analysis were specifically analyzed. A total of 223,480 research articles concerning COVID-19 were published, with 3,727 of them related to RCTs and COVID-19. The ten most productive countries collectively produced 75.8% of the documents, with the United States leading the way by contributing 31.77%, followed by the UK with 14.03% (n = 523), China with 12.96% (n = 483) and Canada with 7.16% (n = 267). Trials (n = 173, 4.64%), BMJ Open (n = 81, 2.17%), PLOS One (n = 73, 1.96%) and JAMA Network Open (n = 53, 1.42%) were the most active journals in publishing articles related to COVID-19 RCTs. The co-occurrence analysis identified four clusters of research areas: the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, mental health strategies to cope with the impact of the pandemic, the use of monoclonal antibodies to treat patients with COVID-19, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses of COVID-19 research. This paper offers a detailed examination of the global research environment pertaining to RCTs and their use in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The comprehensive body of research findings was found to have been generated by the collaborative efforts of multiple countries, institutions, and funding organizations. The predominant research areas encompassed COVID-19 vaccines, strategies for mental health, monoclonal antibodies, and systematic reviews. This information has the potential to aid researchers, policymakers, and funders in discerning areas of weakness and establishing areas of priority.
Intraspecific variability in cold hardiness of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) in Türkiye
Authors: İmal Bora , Semerci Akkın , Gonzalez-Benecke Carlos A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo better guide Cedruslibani provenances movement to northerly and higher-altitude sites for afforestation, the limits of hardiness to cold should be better known. In this study, we quantified the cold hardiness of seven C.libani provenances sampled from a provenance trial in Ankara, Türkiye, a site located outside the natural range of distribution of the species. Visual damage observation and chlorophyll fluorometry screening methods were used to assess variation in cold hardiness (LT50, the temperature estimated at which 50% of the needle tissue is damaged) among populations. Overall, C.libani can tolerate winter temperatures down to − 21.5 °C. Even though there were significant differences in cold hardiness among populations, the maximum difference was only 1.9 °C between the most and the least cold-resistant provenances. Cold tolerance was generally greater for provenances that experienced colder temperatures in March and lower levels of total precipitation in their native ranges. We also conclude that the fluorometry method provides a more efficient and stable comparison of cold hardiness than visual observation for C.libani. The results of this study may be useful for assisted migration and breeding programs, as well as for developing guidelines for genetic materials transfer, to increase productivity or adaptability of C.libani.
ARRB1 downregulates acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity through binding to p-eIF2α to inhibit ER stress signaling
Authors: Luo Yujun , Lei Yiming , Zhou Haoxiong , Chen Yan , Liu Huiling , Jiang Jie , Xu Chengfang , Wu Bin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) stands as the predominant contributor to drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and limited options are available. β-Arrestin1 (ARRB1) is involved in numerous liver diseases. However, the role of ARRB1 in APAP-induced liver injury remained uncertain. Wild-type (WT) and ARRB1 knockout (KO) mice were injected with APAP and sacrificed at the indicated times. The histological changes, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis were then evaluated. Hepatic cell lines AML-12 and primary hepatocytes were used for in vitro analyses. Systemic ARRB1-KO mice were susceptible to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, as indicated by larger areas of centrilobular necrosis area and higher levels of ALT, AST, and inflammation level. Moreover, ARRB1-KO mice exhibited increased ER stress (indicated by phosphorylated α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (p-eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)) and apoptosis (indicated by cleaved caspase 3). Further rescue experiments demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis was partially mediated by ER stress. Overexpression of ARRB1 alleviated APAP-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Moreover, co-IP analysis revealed that ARRB1 directly bound to p-eIF2α and eIF2α. ARRB1 protected against APAP-induced hepatoxicity through targeting ER stress and apoptosis. ARRB1 is a prospective target for treating APAP-induced DILI.
Graphical Abstract
ARRB1 mitigates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through regulating ER stress (p-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP) and apoptosis (p-JNK and cleaved caspase 3) via binding to p-eIF-2α
Infinite families of minimal binary codes via Krawtchouk polynomials
Authors: Du Xiaoni , Rodríguez René , Wu Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLinear codes play a crucial role in various fields of engineering and mathematics, including data storage, communication, cryptography, and combinatorics. Minimal linear codes, a subset of linear codes, are particularly essential for designing effective secret sharing schemes. In this paper, we introduce several classes of minimal binary linear codes by carefully selecting appropriate Boolean functions. These functions belong to a renowned class of Boolean functions, namely, the general Maiorana–McFarland class. We employ a method first proposed by Ding et al. (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 64(10):6536–6545, 2018) to construct minimal codes violating the Ashikhmin–Barg bound (wide minimal codes) by using Krawtchouk polynomials. The lengths, dimensions, and weight distributions of the obtained codes are determined using the Walsh spectrum distribution of the chosen Boolean functions. Our findings demonstrate that a vast majority of the newly constructed codes are wide minimal. Furthermore, our proposed codes exhibit a significantly larger minimum distance, in some cases, compared to some existing similar constructions. Finally, we address this method, based on Krawtchouk polynomials, more generally, and highlight certain generic properties related to it. These general results offer insights into the scope of this approach.
Fertility Declines Near the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence of the 2022 Birth Declines in Germany and Sweden
Authors: Bujard Martin , Andersson Gunnar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries faced short-term fertility declines in 2020–2021, a development which did not materialize in the majority of German-speaking and Nordic countries. However, more recent birth statistics show a steep fertility decline in 2022. We aim to provide empirical evidence on the unexpected birth decline in 2022 in Germany and Sweden. We rely on monthly birth statistics and present seasonally adjusted monthly Total Fertility Rates (TFR) for Germany and Sweden. We relate the nine-month lagged fertility rates to contextual developments regarding COVID-19. The seasonally adjusted monthly TFR of Germany dropped from 1.5–1.6 in 2021 to 1.4 in early 2022 and again in autumn 2022, a decline of about 10% in several months. In Sweden, the corresponding TFR dropped from about 1.7 in 2021 to 1.5–1.6 in 2022, a decline of almost 10%. There is no association of the fertility trends with changes in unemployment, infection rates, or COVID-19 deaths, but a strong association with the onset of vaccination programmes and the weakening of pandemic-related restrictions. The fertility decline in 2022 in Germany and Sweden is remarkable. Common explanations of fertility change during the pandemic do not apply. The association between the onset of mass vaccinations and subsequent fertility decline indicates that women adjusted their behaviour to get vaccinated before becoming pregnant. Fertility decreased as societies were opening up with more normalized life conditions. We provide novel information on fertility declines and the COVID-19-fertility nexus during and in the immediate aftermath of the pandemic.