bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of foreign language and psychological distance on moral judgment in Turkish–English bilinguals
Authors: Yavuz Melisa , Küntay Aylin C. , Brouwer Susanne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeople's judgements differ systematically while reading moral dilemmas in their native or their foreign language. This so-called Foreign Language Effect (FLE) has been found in many language pairs when tested with artificial, sacrificial moral dilemmas (i.e., Trolley and Footbridge). In Experiment 1, we investigated whether the FLE can be replicated in Turkish (native) – English (foreign) bilinguals using the same dilemmas (N = 203). These unrealistic and decontextualized dilemmas have been criticized for providing low external validity. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we (1) tested bilinguals with realistic scenarios which included the protagonist's age as a source of identity (child, adult, neutral), and (2) investigated the FLE in these scenarios (N = 467). Our results revealed that the FLE was not present in Turkish–English bilinguals, tested either on sacrificial dilemmas or realistic scenarios. Psychological distance of the scenarios, protagonists’ age and the perceived age similarity with the protagonist affected moral judgments.
How to ‘make law count’: Lessons from the Comisión Internacional contra la Impunidad en Guatemala (CICIG) for the Effectiveness of Hybrid Governance
Authors: Reinold Theresa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe international community has experimented with a variety of tools for promoting the rule of law in weak states, yet with few successes. An innovative tool is hybrid commissions not supplanting the justice system of the target state but fighting impunity from within it. In this contribution I therefore seek to identify the factors that render this novel mechanism of rule of law promotion effective, arguing that a set of factors – support from the Attorney-General, civil society and powerful donors; as well as the commission’s institutional design, its strategy, and the personality of the commissioner – will determine if the changes initiated by the hybrid lead to a deeper transformation of the host state, or if there will be a rule of law rollback as soon as the commission leaves the country.
Unexpected DE3 Tide in the Southern Summer Mesosphere
Authors: Becker Erich , Oberheide Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSimulation of the January 2017 period using a gravity‐wave resolving global circulation model (HIAMCM) reveals a predominant eastward propagating diurnal tide with zonal wavenumber three (DE3) in the southern summer mesosphere from about 60 to 90 km height at middle to high latitudes. We provide observational evidence based on MERRA‐2 reanalysis and Sounding the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry satellite observations for the validity of this result. The attenuation of the DE3 below the mesopause generates a significant eastward Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence that contributes to the residual circulation. We also show that the diurnal tide in the northern summer mesosphere likely consists of mainly eastward propagating components. These findings contradict the common perception of a weak diurnal tide in the summer mesosphere.
Extended Influence of Midlatitude Cyclones on Global Cold Extremes
Authors: Klaider N. , Raveh‐Rubin S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCold temperature extremes, causing damage to industry, agriculture and human health, are often associated with midlatitude cyclones. Here, we quantify the relation between cyclones and cold extremes by highlighting two cyclone‐associated dynamical features that may, differently, induce cold extremes. Namely, slantwise‐descending dry intrusions (DIs) advect cold air equatorward into the cyclone's cold sector, and upper‐tropospheric troughs, diagnosed as cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) anomalies, induce cold anomalies directly below. By objectively‐identified DI outflows and cyclonic PV anomalies for 1979–2019 in ERA5 reanalysis, their climatological association with the 5% lowest 2‐m temperature is globally quantified. We find that in midlatitudes upper PV anomalies dominate cold extremes, while DIs dominate extremes in the subtropics and even the tropics. The rare overlap between the two features can potentially act as a strong predictor for cold extremes, accompanying ∼30% of extremes at 30° latitude with local hotspots of 80%–100%.
Evaluating Large‐Domain, Hecto‐Meter, Large‐Eddy Simulations of Trade‐Wind Clouds Using EUREC4A Data
Authors: Schulz Hauke , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe meso‐scale variability in cloudiness of the marine trade‐wind layer is explored with large‐eddy simulations of regional extent and validated against observations of the EUREC4A field campaign. 41 days of realistically forced simulations present a representative, statistical view on shallow convection in the winter North Atlantic trades that includes a wide range of meso‐scale variability including the four recently identified patterns of spatial organization: Sugar, Gravel, Flowers and Fish. The results show that cloud cover is on average captured well but with discrepancies in its vertical and spatial distribution. Cloudiness at the lifting condensation level depends on the model resolution with the finer one producing on average a more realistic cloud profile. Independent of the resolution, the variability in cloudiness below the trade inversion is not captured, leading to a lack of stratiform cloudiness with implications on the detectability of meso‐scale patterns whose cloud patches are characterized by stratiform clouds. The simulations tend to precipitate more frequently than observed, with a narrower distribution of echo intensities. The observed co‐variability between cloudiness and environmental conditions is well captured.
The Development of Fault Networks at the Termination of Continental Transform Faults When Their Connecting Plate Boundary Is “Misaligned”
Authors: Withers M. , Cruden A. R. , Quigley M. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe report the results of a series of scaled laboratory experiments that investigate the development of fault systems in plate boundary transition zones, where deformation is distributed between a continental transform fault (e.g., Alpine Fault, New Zealand; North Anatolian Fault (NAF), Turkey; San Andreas Fault (SAF), USA) and its connecting plate boundary. In these transition zones, continental transform faults are observed to branch into multiple subsidiary faults. Here we show that large‐scale transition zone fault networks comprise crustal‐scale Riedel shears that develop sequentially outwards and away from the parent transform fault. Such fault networks form within brittle upper crust that overlies a ductile lower crust that deforms by large‐scale distributed simple shear. We argue that large‐scale distributed deformation of the lower crust occurs when continental transform faults are “misaligned” relative to their connecting plate boundaries. This misalignment may occur: (a) where a transform fault does not directly connect with a convergent or divergent plate boundary, as in the northern termination of the Alpine Fault and the western termination of the NAF; and (b) where a significant bend in the transform fault occurs in the plate boundary transition zone, as in the southern termination of the SAF. The development of such plate boundary misalignments appears to occur when a plate boundary transition zone develops as a continental transform fault propagates toward a different type of “connecting” plate boundary.
Controls on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in a Degrading Permafrost Peatland Complex
Authors: Fewster Richard E. , Morris Paul J. , Swindles Graeme T. , Baird Andy J. , Turner T. Edward , Ivanovic Ruza F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPermafrost peatlands are vulnerable to rapid structural changes under climatic warming, including vertical collapse. Peatland water budgets, and therefore peat hydraulic properties, are important determinants of vegetation and carbon fluxes. Measurements of hydraulic properties exist for only a limited number of permafrost peatland locations, primarily concentrated in North America. The impacts of thaw‐induced collapse upon properties such as horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kh), and thus lateral drainage, remain poorly understood. We made laboratory determinations of Kh from 82 peat samples from a degrading Swedish palsa mire. We fitted a linear mixed‐effects model (LMM) to establish the controls on Kh, which declined strongly with increasing depth, humification and dry bulk density. Depth exerted the strongest control on Kh in our LMM, which demonstrated strong predictive performance (r2 = 0.605). Humification and dry bulk density were influential predictors, but the high collinearity of these two variables meant only one could be included reliably in our LMM. Surprisingly, peat Kh did not differ significantly between desiccating and collapsed palsas. We compared our site‐specific LMM to an existing, multi‐site model, fitted primarily to boreal and temperate peatlands. The multi‐site model made less skillful predictions (r2 = 0.528) than our site‐specific model, possibly due to latitudinal differences in peat compaction, floristic composition and climate. Nonetheless, low bias means the multi‐site model may still be useful for estimating peat Kh at high latitudes. Permafrost peatlands remain underrepresented in multi‐site models of peat hydraulic properties, and measurements such as ours could be used to improve future iterations.
Exploratory evidence for differences in GABAergic regulation of auditory processing in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Qiyun , Velthuis Hester , Pereira Andreia C. , Ahmad Jumana , Cooke Samuel F. , Ellis Claire L. , Ponteduro Francesca M. , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , Dimitrov Mihail , Batalle Dafnis , Wong Nichol M. L. , Kowalewski Lukasz , Ivin Glynis , Daly Eileen , Murphy Declan G. M. , McAlonan Gráinne M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAltered reactivity and responses to auditory input are core to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Preclinical models implicate ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in this process. However, the link between GABA and auditory processing in humans (with or without ASD) is largely correlational. As part of a study of potential biosignatures of GABA function in ASD to inform future clinical trials, we evaluated the role of GABA in auditory repetition suppression in 66 adults (n = 28 with ASD). Neurophysiological responses (temporal and frequency domains) to repetitive standard tones and novel deviants presented in an oddball paradigm were compared after double-blind, randomized administration of placebo, 15 or 30 mg of arbaclofen (STX209), a GABA type B (GABAB) receptor agonist. We first established that temporal mismatch negativity was comparable between participants with ASD and those with typical development (TD). Next, we showed that temporal and spectral responses to repetitive standards were suppressed relative to responses to deviants in the two groups, but suppression was significantly weaker in individuals with ASD at baseline. Arbaclofen reversed weaker suppression of spectral responses in ASD but disrupted suppression in TD. A post hoc analysis showed that arbaclofen-elicited shift in suppression was correlated with autistic symptomatology measured using the Autism Quotient across the entire group, though not in the smaller sample of the ASD and TD group when examined separately. Thus, our results confirm: GABAergic dysfunction contributes to the neurophysiology of auditory sensory processing alterations in ASD, and can be modulated by targeting GABABactivity. These GABA-dependent sensory differences may be upstream of more complex autistic phenotypes.
Assessing the Cntnap2 knockout rat prepulse inhibition deficit through prepulse scaling of the baseline startle response curve
Authors: El-Cheikh Mohamad Alaa , Möhrle Dorit , Haddad Faraj L. , Rose Anton , Allman Brian L. , Schmid Susanne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are associated with changes in sensory processing and sensorimotor gating. The acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle are widely used translational measures for assessing sensory processing and sensorimotor gating, respectively. The Cntnap2 knockout (KO) rat has proven to be a valid model for ASD, displaying core symptoms, including sensory processing perturbations. Here, we used a novel method to assess startle and PPI in Cntnap2 KO rats that allows for the identification of separate scaling components: startle scaling, which is a change in startle amplitude to a given sound, and sound scaling, which reflects a change in sound processing. Cntnap2 KO rats show increased startle due to both an increased overall response (startle scaling) and a left shift of the sound/response curve (sound scaling). In the presence of a prepulse, wildtype rats show a reduction of startle due to both startle scaling and sound scaling, whereas Cntnap2 KO rats show normal startle scaling, but disrupted sound scaling, resulting in the reported PPI deficit. These results validate that startle and sound scaling by a prepulse are indeed two independent processes, with only the latter being impaired in Cntnap2 KO rats. As startle scaling is likely related to motor output and sound scaling to sound processing, this novel approach reveals additional information on the possible cause of PPI disruptions in preclinical models.
miR-28-based combination therapy impairs aggressive B cell lymphoma growth by rewiring DNA replication
Authors: Fuertes Teresa , Álvarez-Corrales Emigdio , Gómez-Escolar Carmen , Ubieto-Capella Patricia , Serrano-Navarro Álvaro , de Molina Antonio , Méndez Juan , Ramiro Almudena R. , de Yébenes Virginia G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive B cell lymphoma and accounts for nearly 40% of cases of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. DLBCL is generally treated with R-CHOP chemotherapy, but many patients do not respond or relapse after treatment. Here, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of the tumor suppressor microRNA-28 (miR-28) for DLBCL, alone and in combination with the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Combination therapy with miR-28 plus ibrutinib potentiated the anti-tumor effects of monotherapy with either agent by inducing a specific transcriptional cell-cycle arrest program that impairs DNA replication. The molecular actions of miR-28 and ibrutinib synergistically impair DNA replication by simultaneous inhibition of origin activation and fork progression. Moreover, we found that downregulation of the miR-28-plus-ibrutinib gene signature correlates with better survival of ABC-DLBCL patients. These results provide evidence for the effectiveness of a new miRNA-based ibrutinib combination therapy for DLBCL and unveil the miR-28-plus-ibrutinib gene signature as a new predictor of outcome in ABC-DLBCL patients.
Conserved enhancers control notochord expression of vertebrate Brachyury
Authors: Kemmler Cassie L. , Smolikova Jana , Moran Hannah R. , Mannion Brandon J. , Knapp Dunja , Lim Fabian , Czarkwiani Anna , Hermosilla Aguayo Viviana , Rapp Vincent , Fitch Olivia E. , Bötschi Seraina , Selleri Licia , Farley Emma , Braasch Ingo , Yun Maximina , Visel Axel , Osterwalder Marco , Mosimann Christian , Kozmik Zbynek , Burger Alexa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe cell type-specific expression of key transcription factors is central to development and disease. Brachyury/T/TBXT is a major transcription factor for gastrulation, tailbud patterning, and notochord formation; however, how its expression is controlled in the mammalian notochord has remained elusive. Here, we identify the complement of notochord-specific enhancers in the mammalian Brachyury/T/TBXT gene. Using transgenic assays in zebrafish, axolotl, and mouse, we discover three conserved Brachyury-controlling notochord enhancers, T3, C, and I, in human, mouse, and marsupial genomes. Acting as Brachyury-responsive, auto-regulatory shadow enhancers, in cis deletion of all three enhancers in mouse abolishes Brachyury/T/Tbxt expression selectively in the notochord, causing specific trunk and neural tube defects without gastrulation or tailbud defects. The three Brachyury-driving notochord enhancers are conserved beyond mammals in the brachyury/tbxtb loci of fishes, dating their origin to the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. Our data define the vertebrate enhancers for Brachyury/T/TBXTB notochord expression through an auto-regulatory mechanism that conveys robustness and adaptability as ancient basis for axis development.
Ubiquitin ligase CHFR mediated degradation of VE-cadherin through ubiquitylation disrupts endothelial adherens junctions
Authors: Tiruppathi Chinnaswamy , Wang Dong-Mei , Ansari Mohammad Owais , Bano Shabana , Tsukasaki Yoshikazu , Mukhopadhyay Amitabha , Joshi Jagdish C. , Loch Christian , Niessen Hans W. M. , Malik Asrar B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) expressed at endothelial adherens junctions (AJs) is vital for vascular integrity and endothelial homeostasis. Here we identify the requirement of the ubiquitin E3-ligase CHFR as a key mechanism of ubiquitylation-dependent degradation of VE-cadherin. CHFR was essential for disrupting the endothelium through control of the VE-cadherin protein expression at AJs. We observe augmented expression of VE-cadherin in endothelial cell (EC)-restricted Chfr knockout (ChfrΔEC) mice. We also observe abrogation of LPS-induced degradation of VE-cadherin in ChfrΔEC mice, suggesting the pathophysiological relevance of CHFR in regulating the endothelial junctional barrier in inflammation. Lung endothelial barrier breakdown, inflammatory neutrophil extravasation, and mortality induced by LPS were all suppressed in ChfrΔEC mice. We find that the transcription factor FoxO1 is a key upstream regulator of CHFR expression. These findings demonstrate the requisite role of the endothelial cell-expressed E3-ligase CHFR in regulating the expression of VE-cadherin, and thereby endothelial junctional barrier integrity.
Cryptococcus neoformans adapts to the host environment through TOR-mediated remodeling of phospholipid asymmetry
Authors: Ristow Laura C. , Jezewski Andrew J. , Chadwick Benjamin J. , Stamnes Mark A. , Lin Xiaorong , Krysan Damian J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCryptococcusspp. are environmental fungi that first must adapt to the host environment before they can cause life-threatening meningitis in immunocompromised patients. Host CO2concentrations are 100-fold higher than the external environment and strains unable to grow at host CO2concentrations are not pathogenic. Using a genetic screening and transcriptional profiling approach, we report that the TOR pathway is critical forC. neoformansadaptation to host CO2partly through Ypk1-dependent remodeling of phosphatidylserine asymmetry at the plasma membrane. We also describe aC. neoformansABC/PDR transporter (PDR9) that is highly expressed in CO2-sensitive environmental strains, suppresses CO2-induced phosphatidylserine/phospholipid remodeling, and increases susceptibility to host concentrations of CO2. Interestingly, regulation of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry by the TOR-Ypk1 axis is distinct inC. neoformanscompared toS. cerevisiae. Finally, host CO2concentrations suppress theC. neoformanspathways that respond to host temperature (Mpk1) and pH (Rim101), indicating that host adaptation requires a stringent balance among distinct stress responses.
Light-oriented 3D printing of liquid crystal/photocurable resins and in-situ enhancement of mechanical performance
Authors: Sun Xiaolu , Chen Shaoyun , Qu Bo , Wang Rui , Zheng Yanyu , Liu Xiaoying , Li Wenjie , Gao Jianhong , Chen Qinhui , Zhuo Dongxian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technology has significantly impacted contemporary industries due to its ability to generate intricate computer-designed geometries. However, 3D-printed polymer parts often possess limited application potential, primarily because of their weak mechanical attributes. To overcome this drawback, this study formulates liquid crystal/photocurable resins suitable for the stereolithography technique by integrating 4’-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl with a photosensitive acrylic resin. This study demonstrates that stereolithography facilitates the precise modulation of the existing liquid crystal morphology within the resin. Furthermore, the orientation of the liquid crystal governs the oriented polymerization of monomers or prepolymers bearing acrylate groups. The products of this 3D printing approach manifest anisotropic behavior. Remarkably, when utilizing liquid crystal/photocurable resins, the resulting 3D-printed objects are approximately twice as robust as those created using commercial resins in terms of their tensile, flexural, and impact properties. This pioneering approach holds promise for realizing autonomously designed structures that remain elusive with present additive manufacturing techniques.
In situ X-ray spectroscopies beyond conventional X-ray absorption spectroscopy on deciphering dynamic configuration of electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Jiali , Hsu Chia-Shuo , Wu Tai-Sing , Chan Ting-Shan , Suen Nian-Tzu , Lee Jyh-Fu , Chen Hao Ming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRealizing viable electrocatalytic processes for energy conversion/storage strongly relies on an atomic-level understanding of dynamic configurations on catalyst-electrolyte interface. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an indispensable tool to in situ investigate dynamic natures of electrocatalysts but still suffers from limited energy resolution, leading to significant electronic transitions poorly resolved. Herein, we highlight advanced X-ray spectroscopies beyond conventional XAS, with emphasis on their unprecedented capabilities of deciphering key configurations of electrocatalysts. The profound complementarities of X-ray spectroscopies from various aspects are established in a probing energy-dependent “in situ spectroscopy map” for comprehensively understanding the solid-liquid interface. This perspective establishes an indispensable in situ research model for future studies and offers exciting research prospects for scientists and spectroscopists.
mRNA trans-splicing dual AAV vectors for (epi)genome editing and gene therapy
Authors: Riedmayr Lisa Maria , Hinrichsmeyer Klara Sonnie , Thalhammer Stefan Bernhard , Mittas David Manuel , Karguth Nina , Otify Dina Yehia , Böhm Sybille , Weber Valentin Johannes , Bartoschek Michael David , Splith Victoria , Brümmer Manuela , Ferreira Raphael , Boon Nanda , Wögenstein Gabriele Maria , Grimm Christian , Wijnholds Jan , Mehlfeld Verena , Michalakis Stylianos , Fenske Stefanie , Biel Martin , Becirovic Elvir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge genes including several CRISPR-Cas modules like gene activators (CRISPRa) require dual adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for an efficient in vivo delivery and expression. Current dual AAV vector approaches have important limitations, e.g., low reconstitution efficiency, production of alien proteins, or low flexibility in split site selection. Here, we present a dual AAV vector technology based on reconstitution via mRNA trans-splicing (REVeRT). REVeRT is flexible in split site selection and can efficiently reconstitute different split genes in numerous in vitro models, in human organoids, and in vivo. Furthermore, REVeRT can functionally reconstitute a CRISPRa module targeting genes in various mouse tissues and organs in single or multiplexed approaches upon different routes of administration. Finally, REVeRT enabled the reconstitution of full-length ABCA4 after intravitreal injection in a mouse model of Stargardt disease. Due to its flexibility and efficiency REVeRT harbors great potential for basic research and clinical applications.