bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation of pathological vocal-cord vibration
Authors: Ishizaka K. , Isshiki N. 
Published: October 2005

A dynamic model of the vocal cords, namely, a bilaterally symmetric two-mass model, is extended to a bilaterally asymmetric two-mass model to simulate pathological conditions of the vocal cords. Asymmetric behavior of the computer model is investigated for various conditions of imbalance in bilateral tension. The computer model is found to behave in three basic vibratory modes that are similar to those observed in physiological experiments on larynges under tension imbalance. The three distinctive modes are (1) a vibratory pattern with differences in phase and amplitude of cord vibration; (2) a nearly periodic motion without glottal closure; and (3) an unsteady, dicrotic or tricrotic motion. The three modes are found to be a strong function of the subglottal pressure and the glottal rest area, as well as the imbalance conditions of the cord parameters. The asymmetric vocal-cord model is incorporated into a dynamic vocal-tract synthesizer to simulate speech with a hoarse voice.
Subject Classification: [43]70.20, [43]70.50.
Array processors for simultaneous noise and interference suppression or simultaneous signal-to-noise and resolution enhancement
Authors: Glaser Gerald C. , Williams Ross E. 
Published: October 2005

A symmetrical treatment is described of signal and interference arrivals, both spatially coherent across the aperture of a receiving array and appearing in a generalized ambient-noise background. By separating the coherent interference from the rest of the noise background, it is possible to implement a simple form of adaptive suppression of the interference, particularly when the latter is time varying and the remainder of the noise is stationary. Optimal processors are derived for simultaneous suppression of noise and interference, and for enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio after elimination of interference. The processor for the latter case is shown to be a suboptimum version of the former. Both deterministic and stochastic interference are considered, as well as interference whose arrival time is synchronized with that of the desired signal (e.g., unwanted signal multipath arrivals, reverberation, etc.). Processors for two or more simultaneous and independent interference sources are described. Finally, the interference descriptor can be reinterpreted as a generalized resolution measure, so as to describe processors that simultaneously maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and the signal time resolution, or the signal-to-noise ratio and a combination of arrival angle and time resolution.
Subject Classification: [43]60.30.
Perceived roughness of amplitude-modulated tones and noise
Authors: Guirao Miguelina , Garavilla J. M. 
Published: October 2005

Two sets of studies were conducted to determine the perceived auditory roughness of pure tones and narrow bands of noise modulated in amplitude. The signals used as carrier frequencies were 500- and 2000-Hz tones and two narrow bands of noise centered at the same two frequencies. Auditory roughness was measured by the psychophysical methods of magnitude estimation and a combination of magnitude estimation and magnitude production procedures. The average of the numerical estimates given by 10 Ss and the adjustments made by each one of the 40 Ss were plotted versus the degree of modulation m=Δ p/p of the SP. Results indicate that the perceived auditory roughness functions can be described by a power function with an average exponent of about 1.4. The exponent was about the same for the amplitude fluctuations of tones and noises.
Subject Classification: [43]65.75.
Temporal recognition masking—or interference?
Authors: Sparks David W. 
Published: October 2005

Several experiments were performed in which brief tonal target bursts centered around 820 Hz were preceded and followed by interference signals. These interference signals included tones and noise bursts having a variety of durations, intensities, and center frequencies. Interference signals were ipsilateral or contralateral to the ear receiving the tonal targets. Backward recognition interference was observed with tonal maskers when target-masker frequency separations were within 10 Hz. No interference was observed with noise maskers. Aggregate results from these experiments suggest that disruptions in tonal recognition must occur after a preliminary perceptual analysis.
Subject Classification: [43]65.54, [43]65.75.
Temporal factors in vowel perception
Authors: Scott Brian L. 
Published: October 2005

The perceptual role of the temporal fine-structure of vowel waveforms was investigated in five experiments. The interaction of the fundamental frequency and the first formant (F1) was shown to result in temporal  patterns  consisting of a number of cycles of F1 per fundamental frequency period. Changes in these  patterns  were shown to correlate with shifts in the perceptual boundary between /i/ and/I/. The results indicate that the perceptual system was responding to either a change in number of cycles of F1 per fundamental period or a change in the harmonic structure of the sounds. The hypothesized temporal cue was then used in synthesizing vowel- like sounds which, while not differing in formant center-frequency or harmonic structure, did differ in temporal structure. Subjects were able to match different sequences if the vowel-like sounds with sequences of natural vowels as predicted by their temporal properties. In a subsequent experi- ment, two pure tones were used as  building blocks  for synthesizing the vowels a, e, i, o, and u. With careful temporal modeling, the two tones proved sufficient fpr synthesizing intelligible tokens of the five vowels. Although the possibility exists that all the results may be explained in terms of spectrum, the indications are that temporal properties play a considerable role in vowel perception.
Subject Classification: [43]70.30; [43]65.75.
Discrimination of pure-tone intensities by the California sea lion
Authors: Moore Patrick W. B. , Schusterman Ronald J. 
Published: October 2005

On the basis of previous behavorial experiments on sound localization under water along with sound–skull measurements in water, it was hypothesized that the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is capable of discriminating an intensity difference of approximately 3 dB at 16 kHz. The present experiment confirmed this hypothesis by means of a series of behavorial psychophysical experiments.
Subject Classification: [43]80.50, [43]80.60.
Physical optics farfield inverse scattering in the time domain
Authors: Bleistein Norman 
Published: October 2005

The physical optics farfield inverse scattering (POFFIS) identity relates the phase- and range-normalized farfield backscattering amplitude to the spatial Fourier transform of the characteristic function of the scattering obstacle. The characteristic function is equal to unity in the region occupied by the obstacle and zero elsewhere. The original identity was derived by Bojarski for impulsive point sources. Here we extend the result to sources of arbitrary time dependence. We obtain an alternative form of Bojarski’s POFFIS identity. We also derive a POFFIS identity in the time domain. Numerically synthesized checks on the method are provided.
Subject Classification: [43]20.30.
Infrasonic sea noise at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 37°N
Authors: McGrath James R. 
Published: October 2005

Infrasonic and low-frequency sonic sea noise was recorded for seven days in the 5- to 32-Hz band in the seismically active rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Azores. Two ocean bottom seismographs (OBS) in water depths of about 2400 m made continuous, simultaneous recordings of acoustic and seismic signals generated by seaquakes. The dominant source of deep sea noise averaged over the recording interval was distant shipping traffic, deduced by comparing mean OBS levels to Wenz’s shipping noise estimates. Mean spectrum levels between 5 and 10 Hz did not exceed 80 dB//μPa, while mean levels at frequencies above 10 Hz were higher. The mean spectrum level at 5 Hz was about 9 dB lower than at 30 Hz, indicating that distant shipping traffic noise does not contribute to the noise field below 5 Hz. Radiated noise due to nearby ship passages comprised about 13% of the recording time and produced spectral lines at frequencies as low as 6.5 Hz. Over 515 seismic events were detected by one OBS unit; epicenters were estimated to be from 3 to 10 NM from the instrument. Seaquakes took place at a mean rate of 2.9 events/h, persisted from 12 sec to about 2 min, varied in Richter magnitude from 0 to 2.5, occurred as a swarn on at least one occasion and often raised broadband acoustic levels in excess of 20 dB.
Subject Classification: [43]30.70; [43]28.30.
Absorption of ultrasound in Freon-12
Authors: Jones H. W. , Stredulinsky D. , Vermeulen P. J. 
Published: October 2005

Measurements of the absorption of sound in Freon-12 are reported for a range of f/p of 104–105 (Hz/atm). The data are shown in relation to similar data obtained at higher frequencies.
Subject Classification: [43]35.20.
Comparison of fatalities from work related motor vehicle traffic incidents in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States
Authors: Driscoll T , Marsh S , McNoe B , Langley J , Stout N , Feyer A-M , Williamson A 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To compare the extent and characteristics of motor vehicle traffic incidents on public roads resulting in fatal occupational injuries in Australia, New Zealand (NZ), and the United States (US).Design and setting:Information came from separate data sources in Australia (1989–92), NZ (1985–98), and the US (1989–92).Methods:Using data systems based on vital records, distributions and rates of fatal injuries resulting from motor vehicle traffic incidents were compared for the three countries. Common inclusion criteria and occupation and industry classifications were used to maximize comparability.Results:Motor vehicle traffic incident related deaths accounted for 16% (NZ), 22% (US), and 31% (Australia) of all work related deaths during the years covered by the studies. Australia had a considerably higher crude rate (1.69 deaths/100 000 person years; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.54 to 1.83) compared with both NZ (0.99; 95% CI 0.85 to 1.12) and the US (0.92; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.94). Industry distribution differences accounted for only a small proportion of this variation in rates. Case selection issues may have accounted for some of the remainder, particularly in NZ. In all three countries, male workers, older workers, and truck drivers were at higher risk.Conclusions:Motor vehicle traffic incidents are an important cause of work related death of workers in Australia, NZ, and the US. The absolute rates appear to differ between the three countries, but most of the incident characteristics were similar. Lack of detailed data and inconsistencies between the data sets limit the extent to which more in-depth comparisons could be made.
Roller coaster related fatalities, United States, 1994–2004
Authors: Pelletier A R , Gilchrist J 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To determine the number of fatalities related to roller coasters and examine factors common to multiple incidents.Methods:A case was defined as the death of a person, which was associated with a roller coaster in the United States between 15 May 1994 and 14 May 2004. Cases were identified from four data sources: (1) Consumer Product Safety Commission, (2) Lexis-Nexis, (3) Medline, and (4) Saferparks.Results:Forty people, ranging in age from 7 to 77 years, were killed in 39 separate incidents. Twenty nine (73%) deaths occurred among roller coaster patrons. Eleven fatalities resulted from external causes related to injuries from falls or collisions. Eighteen people died from medical conditions that might have been caused or exacerbated by riding a roller coaster; 15 were the result of intracranial hemorrhages or cardiac problems. Eleven (28%) deaths involved employees; all were caused by injuries.Conclusions:Approximately four deaths annually in the United States are associated with roller coasters. Prevention of roller coaster fatalities is dependent on establishing an effective surveillance system for amusement ride injuries, engineering rides to better protect both patrons and employees, improving training and supervision of employees regarding safety precautions, and posting cautionary notices near roller coasters for people with specified medical conditions. Further research is needed on roller coaster related deaths resulting from intracranial hemorrhages and cardiac problems.
“Banned from the streets I have paid to use”: an analysis of Australian print media coverage of proposals for passenger and night driving restrictions for young drivers
Authors: Blows S , Ivers R Q , Chapman S 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To catalogue arguments that can be anticipated in public debate when passenger and night driving restrictions are being advocated.Design and setting:Frame analysis of all relevant coverage of these topics in Australian print media during the three month period between June and September 2004 when intensive debate on the topic occurred.Main outcome measures:Debating frames used in reports and commentary on passenger and night driving restrictions.Results:There were 52 relevant articles published containing seven distinct frames supporting the restrictions and six opposing them. Overall, more instances of frames supporting the restrictions were published; these mostly focused on the potential for saving lives. Opposition to the restrictions focused largely on their inappropriateness as a road safety measure as well as on the importance of young people’s autonomy and freedom.Conclusions:Advocates of passenger and night driving restrictions have a number of arguments available to advance their case; however, it is important to anticipate and address possible counter arguments. Future research should address the saliency of different arguments to the public and key decision makers in government.
Metabolic Mapping of MCF10A Human Breast Cells via Multiphoton Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of the Coenzyme NADH
Authors: Bird Damian K. , Yan Long , Vrotsos Kristin M. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Vaughan Emily M. , Keely Patricia J. , White John G. , Ramanujam Nirmala 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Biochemical estimation of NADH concentration is a useful method for monitoring cellular metabolism, because the NADH/NAD+ reduction-oxidation pair is crucial for electron transfer in the mitochondrial electron chain. In this article, we present a novel method for deriving functional maps of intracellular reduction-oxidation ratio in vivo via measurement of the fluorescence lifetimes and the ratio of free and protein-bound NADH using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Through systematic analysis of FLIM data from the control cells, it was observed that there is a statistically significant decrease in the fluorescence lifetime of both free and protein-bound NADH and the contribution of protein-bound NADH as cells progress from an early to logarithmic to confluent phase. Potassium cyanide (KCN) treatment and serum starvation of cells yielded similar changes. There was a statistically significant decrease in the fluorescence lifetime of protein-bound and free NADH at the early and logarithmic phase of the growth curve and a statistically significant decrease in the contribution of protein-bound NADH relative to that observed in the control cells at all three phases of the growth curve. The imposed perturbations (confluence, serum starvation, and KCN treatment) are all expected to result in an increase in the ratio of NADH/NAD+. Our studies suggest that the fluorescence lifetime of both the free and the protein-bound components of NADH and the ratio of free to protein-bound NADH is related to changes in the NADH/NAD+ ratio.
Caspase-1α Is Down-regulated in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and the Overexpression of Caspase-1α Induces Apoptosis
Authors: Feng Qiang , Li Peixiang , Salamanca Clara , Huntsman David , Leung Peter C.K. , Auersperg Nelly 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Caspase-1 plays a key role in the processing of cytokines and in the apoptosis of neurons and macrophages. Whether it also causes apoptosis of cancer cells has been unclear. In this study, we screened an array of apoptosis-related proteins in ovarian carcinoma cell lines and their tissue of origin, ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Caspase-1α protein was abundant in OSE and in nontumorigenic OSE with extended but limited life spans (immortalized OSE), but was reduced in the cancer lines A2780 and OVCAR10. By Western blot and immunofluorescence, caspase-1α levels were greatly reduced in six of eight ovarian carcinoma lines compared with OSE. By real-time reverse transcription-PCR, steady-state transcripts of the CASP1 gene were proportional to protein levels. Caspase-1α overexpression caused significant apoptosis, but overexpression of a caspase-1α mutant without catalytic activity did not, confirming that the effect was caspase-1α–specific. Immunofluorescence of caspase-1α and terminal nucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP-X nick end labeling colocalization clearly established a link between apoptosis and caspase-1α expression. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated in caspase-1α overexpressing A2780 cells, suggesting involvement of an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Caspase-1α overexpression did not change the apoptotic effect of cisplatin in A2780 and OVCAR10 cells, suggesting that this agent activates a different pathway. Immunohistochemically, caspase-1 was lower in ovarian serous carcinomas than in OSE. Our study indicates, for the first time, that caspase-1α is proapoptotic in ovarian cancer cells, and raises the possibility that its down-regulation is one of the mechanisms which increase resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells.
Suppression of Progression and Metastasis of Established Colon Tumors in Mice by Intravenous Delivery of Short Interfering RNA Targeting KITENIN, a Metastasis-Enhancing Protein
Authors: Lee Ji Hee , Cho Eun Song , Kim Mi-Young , Seo Young-Woo , Kho Dhong Hyo , Chung Ik Joo , Kook Hyun , Kim Nack Sung , Ahn Kyu Youn , Kim Kyung Keun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractKITENIN promotes invasion of mouse colon adenocarcinoma (CT-26) cells in vivo. Here, we studied the effects of in vivo KITENIN ablation on established tumors by using pSUPER vectors (pSUPER-KITENIN) producing short interfering RNA (siRNA). When pSUPER-KITENIN was given weekly or semiweekly for 1 month into tail vein of syngeneic mice that have established colon tumors, tumor size regressed markedly and metastases were inhibited. In mice injected with pSUPER-KITENIN, serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ increased and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrated in the regressed tumor tissues. These effects, observed beginning 2 days after i.v. injection, imply that immune response is involved in the antitumor action of pSUPER-KITENIN. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified two KITENIN-interacting proteins for the possible mediators of these actions: 90K protein, a known immune modulatory glycoprotein, and protein kinase C inhibitor (PKCI). 90K was increased in the culture medium from CT-26/antisense KITENIN/90K cells. Double culture of accessory cells with CT-26/antisense KITENIN/90K cells revealed increased secretion of IL-1 and IL-6. Overexpression of 90K in CT-26/antisense KITENIN cells further delayed tumor growth compared with that of CT-26/antisense KITENIN cells. Actin arrangement was distorted in CT-26/antisense KITENIN and CT-26/antisense PKCI cells, whereas overexpression of PKCI resulted in increased invasiveness to fibronectin. Thus, antitumor effects of KITENIN siRNA derives from both the generation of a tumor-specific immune response in vivo through increased 90K secretion from tumor cells and the suppression of tumor invasion in which PKCI is related to increased invasiveness. Moreover, siRNA targeting of KITENIN can function as a chemotherapeutic strategy against colon cancer.
Genomewide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Microarray Mapping in Basal Cell Carcinomas Unveils Uniparental Disomy as a Key Somatic Event
Authors: Teh Muy-Teck , Blaydon Diana , Chaplin Tracy , Foot Nicola J. , Skoulakis Spyros , Raghavan Manoj , Harwood Catherine A. , Proby Charlotte M. , Philpott Michael P. , Young Bryan D. , Kelsell David P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma is the most common human cancer with increasing incidence reported worldwide. Despite the aberrant signaling role of the Hedgehog pathway, little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying basal cell carcinomas. Towards a better understanding of global genetic events, we have employed the Affymetrix Mapping 10K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray technique for “fingerprinting” genomewide allelic imbalance in 14 basal cell carcinoma–blood pair samples. This rapid high-resolution SNP genotyping technique has revealed a somatic recombination event–uniparental disomy, leading to a loss of heterozygosity (LOH), as a key alternative genetic mechanism to allelic imbalances in basal cell carcinomas. A highly conserved LOH region at 9q21-q31 was found in 13 of 14 (93%) basal cell carcinomas. Further statistical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses confirmed that the 9q LOH was a result of uniparental disomy in 5 of 13 (38%) basal cell carcinomas. De novo mutations in the Patched 1 gene (PTCH) were found in 9 of 13 (69%) basal cell carcinomas with 9q LOH. A second important locus, containing LOH at 6q23-q27 was found in 5 of 14 (36%) basal cell carcinomas, suggesting that the presence of an additional putative tumor suppressor gene may be contributing to basal cell carcinoma development. This study shows that the rate of 9q LOH in basal cell carcinomas has been previously underestimated. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that uniparental disomy due to somatic recombination constitutes one of the mechanisms of LOH in basal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis.
Fusion Protein Vaccine by Domains of Bacterial Exotoxin Linked with a Tumor Antigen Generates Potent Immunologic Responses and Antitumor Effects
Authors: Liao Chao-Wei , Chen Chi-An , Lee Chien-Nan , Su Yi-Ning , Chang Ming-Cheng , Syu Ming-Houg , Hsieh Chang-Yao , Cheng Wen-Fang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAntigen-specific immunotherapy represents an attractive approach for cancer treatment because of the capacity to eradicate systemic tumors at multiple sites in the body while retaining the requisite specificity to discriminate between neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. It has been shown that certain domains of bacterial exotoxins facilitate translocation from extracellular and vesicular compartments into the cytoplasm. This feature provides an opportunity to enhance class I and/or II presentation of exogenous antigen to T lymphocytes. We investigated previously whether the translocation domain (domain II) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A with a model tumor antigen, human papillomavirus type 16 E7, in the context of a DNA vaccine could enhance vaccine potency. We then attempted to determine whether this chimeric molecule could also generate strong antigen-specific immunologic responses and enhance the potency of cancer vaccine in the protein format. Our results show that vaccination with the PE(ΔIII)-E7-KDEL3 fusion protein enhances MHC class I and II presentation of E7, leading to dramatic increases in the number of E7-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell precursors and markedly raised titers of E7-specific antibodies. Furthermore, the PE(ΔIII)-E7-KDEL3 protein generates potent antitumor effects against s.c. E7-expressing tumors and preestablished E7-expressing metastatic lung tumors. Further, mice immunized with PE(ΔIII)-E7-KDEL3 protein vaccine also retained long-term immunologic responses and antitumor effects. Our results indicate that retrograde-fusion protein via the delivery domains of exotoxins with an antigen greatly enhances in vivo antigen-specific immunologic responses and represents a novel strategy to improve cancer vaccine potency.