bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actin fiber patterns detected by Alexafluor 488 phalloidin suggest similar cell migration in regenerating and nonregenerating rodent toes
Authors: Neufeld Daniel A. , Hosman Steve , Yescas Tammy , Mohammad Khalid , Day Frances , Said Suleman 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough mammals do not regenerate most appendages, they are able to regenerate toetips if the amputation occurs through the nail bed. The reasons for different outcomes following amputation at different levels are not understood. It is possible that cells at regenerating and nonregenerating sites migrate from fundamentally different tissues. If so, different migratory pathways could be detected. To identify putative migrating cells, microscope slides were made from both regenerating and nonregenerating toes of rats and mice on successive days after amputation. Fluorescent‐labeled phalloidin, which binds polymerized f‐actin, was used to identify actin filaments and fibers. Cells containing prominent actin bundles were distinguishable from those containing diffuse fibrils and those in which visible fibers were absent. Phalloidin labeling was similar in regenerating and nonregenerating digits after amputation. As early as 2 days after amputation at either proximal or distal levels, many cells of the hypodermis adjacent to the wound became labeled with phalloidin. The number and intensity of labeled hypodermal cells containing stress fiber‐like bundles increased rapidly with time, and at successive times cells were seen progressively further distally. By approximately 7 days, they occupied the wound site immediately distal to bone of both regenerating and nonregenerating digits. Most dermal cells were unlabeled and endosteal and marrow cells contained only fibrillar actin. Phalloidin labeling does not support the concept of migration from different tissues in regenerating and nonregenerating amputation sites. Anat Rec Part A 278A:450–453, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical continuum variability of the active galaxy Mrk 279 – implications for different accretion regimes
Authors: Bachev R. , Strigachev A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe present results from a recent broad‐band monitoring in optics of the Seyfert 1 type galaxy Mrk 279. We build and analyse the BV RI light curve covering a period of seven years (1995–2002). We also show some evidence for the existence of two different states in brightness and suggest, based on a modelling of the optical continuum, that these states may result from transition between a thin disk and an ADAF accretion modes. We assume that the short‐term variability is due to a reprocessing of a variable X‐ray emission from an inner ADAF part of the flow, while the long‐term one may be a result from a change of the transition radius. Our tests show a good match with the observations for a reasonable set of accretion parameters, close to the expected ones for Mrk 279. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gestational ethanol exposure disrupts the expression of FGF8 and Sonic hedgehog during limb patterning
Authors: Chrisman Kimberly , Kenney Robert , Comin Jeremy , Thal Tanya , Suchocki Lawrence , Yueh Y. Gloria , Gardner David P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUND:Ethanol is known to induce a wide variety of gestational anomalies, including skeletal malformations. Gestational ethanol exposure in mice has been shown to induce postaxial digit loss (ectrodactyly). How ethanol induces limb malformations is not understood. To better understand how ethanol effects limb development, we have utilized a transgenic line of mice that expresses β‐galactosidase in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the limbs throughout gestation.METHODS:Pregnant female mice were injected with 2.9, 3.4, or 3.9 gm/kg ethanol at E9.3 and E9.5; embryos were isolated at E11.25, stained for β‐galactosidase activity, and evaluated for AER defects. Based upon the pattern of defects seen, expression of FGF8 in the AER and Sonic hedgehog in the postaxial mesoderm was evaluated by in situ hybridization.RESULTS:Two distinct phenotypes were seen in response to ethanol that were dose dependent. At 2.9 gm/kg ethanol, the most prevalent phenotype was a mislocalization of the AER to regions both dorsal and ventral to the midline. A higher dosage of 3.4 gm/kg ethanol did not increase the mislocalization phenotype, but resulted in a higher frequency of postaxial loss of the AER and associated mesenchymal tissue. The highest dosage utilized (3.9 gm/kg) resulted in a high frequency of both preaxial and postaxial loss of the AER. Through in situ hybridization, we found that ethanol exposure resulted in a concomitant reduction in FGF8 expression in the AER and Sonic hedgehog expression from the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).CONCLUSIONS:We propose a model where ethanol disrupts the AER/ZPA positive feedback loop to induce postaxial malformations. Preaxial malformations seen at higher ethanol dosage suggest FGF8 as a critical target of ethanol in producing limb defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling and simulation of oxygen‐limited partial nitritation in a membrane‐assisted bioreactor (MBR)
Authors: Wyffels Stijn , Van Hulle Stijn W. H. , Boeckx Pascal , Volcke Eveline I. P. , Cleemput Oswald Van , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Verstraete Willy 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCombination of a partial nitritation process and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for the treatment of sludge reject water has some general cost‐efficient advantages compared to nitrification–denitrification. The integrated process features two‐stage autotrophic conversion of ammonium via nitrite to dinitrogen gas with lower demand for oxygen and no external carbon requirement. A nitrifying membrane‐assisted bioreactor (MBR) for the treatment of sludge reject water was operated under continuous aeration at low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations with the purpose of generating nitrite accumulation. Microfiltration was applied to allow a high sludge retention time (SRT), resulting in a stable partial nitritation process. During start‐up of the MBR, oxygen‐limited conditions were induced by increasing the ammonium loading rate and decreasing the oxygen transfer. At a loading rate of 0.9 kg N m−3 d−1 and an oxygen concentration below 0.1 mg DO L−1, conversion to nitrite was close to 50% of the incoming ammonium, thereby yielding an optimal effluent within the stoichiometric requirements for subsequent anaerobic ammonium oxidation. A mathematical model for ammonium oxidation to nitrite and nitrite oxidation to nitrate was developed to describe the oxygen‐limited partial nitritation process within the MBR. The model was calibrated with in situ determinations of kinetic parameters for microbial growth, reflecting the intrinsic characteristics of the ammonium oxidizing growth system at limited oxygen availability and high sludge age. The oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) and the ammonium‐loading rate were shown to be the appropriate operational variables to describe the experimental data accurately. The validated model was used for further steady state simulation under different operational conditions of hydraulic retention time (HRT), KLa, temperature and SRT, with the intention to support optimized process design. Simulation results indicated that stable nitrite production from sludge reject water was feasible with this process even at a relatively low temperature of 20°C with HRT down to 0.25 days. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological significance of the cytometric distribution of fluorescent yeasts after viability staining
Authors: Bouchez J.C. , Cornu M. , Danzart M. , Leveau J.Y. , Duchiron F. , Bouix M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis article describes a new method for the early detection of alcoholic fermentation arrest. This methodology is based on the flow cytometric assessment ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeasts stained with a carboxyfluorescein diacetate fluorescent viability probe. Multicomponent analysis of viable cell distribution constitutes a promising new tool to describe physiological and dynamic changes to heterogeneous viable populations during alcoholic fermentation, through its ability to discriminate between successful processes and those ending prematurely. This framework, which is based on the comparison of cytometric histogram descriptors' combinations that can be related to simple physiological significance comparison, quickly and simply, allows testing yeasts for their fermentation ability and can be used to detect any kind of viability loss so that fermentation arrest can be avoided. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective effects of intraperitoneal vitamin C, aprotinin and melatonin administration on retinal edema during experimental uveitis in the guinea pig
Authors: Kükner A. Şahap , Kükner Aysel , Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Çolakoğlu Neriman , Çelebi Serdal , Yilmaz Turgut , Aydemir Orhan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA considerable amount of clinical and experimental evidence exists suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen substances (ROS) in the aetiology of uveitis. The activated phagocytic system of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in uveitis is involved in the generation of ROS. In addition to their direct free radical scavenging action, aprotinin, melatonin and vitamin C are known to protect against oedema formation and can preserve plasma membrane fluidity and free radical production. Histological changes in the retina that occur during uveitis are not well explained. The purpose of this study was to determine whether vitamin C, aprotinin and melatonin can protect the retina from damage accompanying experimental uveitis (EU). Thirty adult male guinea pigs were divided into five groups of six animals each. The first group was used as control. The right eyes of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received an intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin for induction of experimental uveitis. At the same time and also on the consecutive third day, groups 3, 4 and 5 received intraperitoneal injections of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, 100 mg kg−1 body wt), aprotinin (20 000 kIU kg−1 body wt) and melatonin (10 mg kg−1 body wt), respectively. The animals were killed on the sixth day. The average thickness of the retina and inner plexiform layer for each eye was measured in sagittal section near the optic nerve and expressed in microns. The thickness of the retina and inner plexiform layer in the control group was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in the group EU as compared with the group EU plus vitamin C, group EU plus aprotinin, group EU plus melatonin (p < 0.05). The thicknesses of the retina and inner plexiform layer in group EU plus vitamin C, group EU plus aprotinin and group EU plus melatonin were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than that in the group EU. The difference in thickness of the retina and inner plexiform layer among the groups 3, 4 and 5 was not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oedematous effects of EU on the retina were reduced by the administration of intraperitoneal vitamin C, aprotinin and melatonin, i.e. these antioxidants had significant protective effects on the retina of guinea pigs against oedematous damage in EU. However, the reductive effect of vitamin C on EU was greater than that of aprotinin and melatonin. The intraperitoneal vitamin C, aprotinin and melatonin supplementations may strengthen the antioxidant defence system because of decreased ROS, and these agents may play a role in treating uveitis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ET‐1 inhibits B‐16 murine melanoma cell migration by decreasing K+ currents
Authors: Liu Lin‐Yun , Hu Chang‐Long , Ma Lai‐Ji , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Mei Yan‐Ai 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCell migration is mediated by ion channels and transporters, and plays crucial roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Previously, our studies have shown that a Ca2+‐regulated K+ current exists in B‐16 murine melanoma cells, and that endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) inhibits the K+ current via a PKC‐dependent pathway. In the present study, patch‐clamp whole‐cell recording and transwell migration assays were used to examine the effects of ET‐1 on B‐16 murine melanoma cell migration. ET‐1 (100 nM in the injection pipette and 10 nM in the incubation medium) decreased the K+ current amplitude by 33.0 ± 2.5% and inhibited migration of B‐16 cells by 57.4 ± 9.4%. Similarly, the Ca2+‐regulated K+ channel blockers, BaCl2 and quinidine, decreased the K+ current by 20.5 ± 1.0% and 36.6 ± 1.2%, respectively, and slowed migration of B‐16 melanoma cells by 37.1 ± 8.6% and 42.7 ± 8.8%, respectively. The effect of ET‐1 on the K+ current and cell migration was simulated by ET‐3. In contrast, the K+ channel opener, diclofenac, increased the K+ current by 128.8 ± 11.7%, 257.4 ± 35.8% at concentrations of 1 and 5 mM, respectively. Likewise, the migration of B‐16 murine melanoma cells dramatically increased by 75.6 ± 12.7% in the presence of 100 μM diclofenac in incubation medium. Furthermore, the ET‐1‐ and ET‐3‐induced inhibition of K+ current and migration was abrogated by diclofenac. In the presence of diclofenac, ET‐1 only reduced the K+ current amplitude by 10.6 ± 1.1%, and slowed B‐16 cell migration by only 10.8 ± 8.9%. The results suggest that the K+ channel‐dependent migration of B‐16 melanoma cells is modulated by ET‐1. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:127–136, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early molecular events in the assembly of the focal adhesion‐stress fiber complex during fibroblast spreading
Authors: Zimerman Baruch , Volberg Tova , Geiger Benjamin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCell adhesion to the extracellular matrix triggers the formation of integrin‐mediated contact and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Examination of nascent adhesions, formed during early stages of fibroblast spreading, reveals a variety of forms of actin‐associated matrix adhesions. These include: (1) small (∼1 μm), dot‐like, integrin‐, vinculin‐, paxillin‐, and phosphotyrosine‐rich structures, with an F‐actin core, broadly distributed over the ventral surfaces of the cells; (2) integrin‐, vinculin‐, and paxillin‐containing “doublets” interconnected by short actin bundles; (3) arrays of actin‐vinculin complexes. Such structures were formed by freshly plated cells, as well as by cells recovering from latrunculin treatment. Time‐lapse video microscopy of such cells, expressing GFP‐actin, indicated that long actin cables are formed by an end‐to‐end lining‐up and apparent fusion of short actin bundles. All these structures were prominent during cell spreading, and persisted for up to 30–60 min after plating. Upon longer incubation, they were gradually replaced by stress fibers, associated with focal adhesions at the cell periphery. Direct examination of paxillin and actin reorganization in live cells revealed alignment of paxillin doublets, forming long and highly dynamic actin bundles, undergoing translocation, shortening, splitting, and convergence. The mechanisms underlying the assembly and reorganization of actin‐associated focal adhesions and the involvement of mechanical forces in regulating their dynamic properties are discussed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 58:143–159, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Goldschmidt N, Linetsky E, Shalom E, et al. High incidence of thromboembolism in patients with central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer. (2003) 98(6):1239–42.
Authors: Goldschmidt N , Linetsky E , Shalom E 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Cancer (2003) 98(6):1239–42.
A path to peace or persistence? The “single identity” approach to conflict resolution in Northern Ireland
Authors: Church Cheyanne , Visser Anna , Johnson Laurie Shepherd 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe hypothesis that contact between groups can reduce prejudice has traditionally informed Northern Ireland's efforts to resolve the sectarian conflict that divides it as a society. In recent years, “single identity,” or intragroup, work has emerged as an alternative community relations approach when intergroup contact between Catholics and Protestants appears untenable.
Exploring an integrative framework for understanding mediation
Authors: Picard Cheryl A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis exploratory research examines how mediators' understandings of their work vary with contextual factors—gender, educational background, dispute sector, and length of time mediating. Results indicate that most mediators do not base their views of practice on only one theory of mediation. Consequently, the author argues for an integrated vision of mediation.
The transcendent communication project: Searching for a praxis of dialogue
Authors: Littlejohn Stephen W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Transcendent Communication Project, originating in work on moral conflict in the 1980s, involves the search for methods to transform communication in difficult conflicts. Using several metaphors, this article explores the elements and pragmatics of dialogue in case studies: a multistakeholder rangeland policy group, the Vietnam dialogues, environmental conflict in a rural county, and a peacemaking institute in Indonesia.
Using intentional, values‐based dialogue to engage complex public policy conflicts
Authors: Wade Susan OMalley 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIntentional, values‐based dialogue is a powerful framework for working with conflict in complex public policy disputes, especially those involving environmental issues. This article describes the development and use of this dialogue method by the author at one organization, over eight years for seven projects. The premise is that conflict is natural to the human condition and the differences underlying conflict are resources for new thinking.
The “listening to the city” online dialogues experience: The impact of a full value contract
Authors: Pyser Steven N. , Figallo Cliff 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis case study explores how an intentional social agreement, which we call a Full Value Contract, can help relax skepticism while supporting trust in sustaining full and conscientious participation and community in a purposeful online dialogue. “Listening to the City” Online Dialogues involved eight hundred residents of New York City and its immediate area exchanging ten thousand messages in 2002.
Flow cytometry in primary breast carcinomas: Prognostic impact of S‐phase fraction according to different analysis patterns
Authors: Michels Jean‐Jacques , Marnay Jacques , Plancoulaine Benoît , Chasle Jacques 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present work was to study the prognostic impact of ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF) assessed according to recently described methods. These methods of analysis combine different ploidy groups and separate euploid (good) prognostic groups from noneuploid (bad) prognostic groups. The definition of euploidy varied according to the author; some of them even included aneuploid peaks with few events. A comparison was also drawn to the average SPF and the diploid peak SPF observed in aneuploid histograms.MethodsFrom January 3, 1990 to January 7, 1999, 1,984 previously untreated, invasive breast carcinoma samples were snap‐frozen and processed for FCM. The present study evaluated all nondiploid and nonmultiploid histograms, using different analysis patterns and the values of the average SPF and diploid SPF.ResultsSPF is a salient prognostic factor even after multivariate analysis for DFS and MFS. Using several methods of analysis of ploidy and SPF shows that the classical method of analysis involving separation of ploidy according to diploidy versus aneuploidy and analysis of SPF restricted to the aneuploid peak in nondiploid and nonmultiploid histograms is as relevant as other recently proposed patterns of analysis, and that the average SPF or the diploid SPF of aneuploid tumors does not add significant prognostic information.ConclusionsSPF is a valuable predictor of survival and can be confidently assessed in a simple way by restricting the analysis to the peak of interest (except for multiploid tumors). © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New tapped distributed constant bandpass filters with manipulation of attenuation pole arrangement
Authors: Wada Kouji , Aihara Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Kouichi , Hashimoto Osamu 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA method for improving the characteristics near the passband by means of a bandpass filter (BPF) with distributed resonators using tap coupling is proposed. First, with regard to the open‐ended λ/2 resonator, a short‐ended λ/2 resonator and a one‐end shorted λ/4 resonator, improvement of the resonant characteristics is attempted by realization of attenuation poles. Next, improvement of the characteristics near the passband by means of a BPF extensively using the basic performance of the resonator is studied. The results confirm that improvement of the resonant characteristics is possible by realization of attenuation poles near the fundamental resonant frequency by the use of an appropriate resonator with tap coupling. It is also confirmed that multipole characteristics and position control are easily realized near the passband by application of the fundamental characteristic to the BPF. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(8): 24–32, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10137
Real‐time recognition of handwritten math formulas
Authors: Aoshima Shiro , Suzuki Takahiro , Mori Kensaku , Suenaga Yasuhito 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of realizing a handwritten mathematical formula input system that works in real time. In the handwritten character input, the data is input generally for each stroke (segment). The proposed method is based on this property. The mathematical formula is recognized on the basis of the result of recognition of the individual input strokes and their positional relations. Then the LaTeX source code is generated. In this paper, mathematical symbols are considered as characters, and are integrated into character recognition. More precisely, each time a stroke is input, it is recognized as a single‐stroke character. The crossing with the already input characters is examined, and the character is extracted so that the likelihood of forming character is maximized. Based on the positional relations among the extracted characters, the structure of the mathematical formula, such as superscripts/subscripts and fractions, is recognized. The mathematical structures that can be recognized by the proposed method are the structures obtained by combining five different structures, namely, superscript/subscript, root, overline, underline, and fraction. The recognition is not affected by the order of input. The proposed method is applied to various mathematical formulas, and it is seen that the proposed system works adequately as an input environment for real‐time processing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(8): 66–81, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20086