bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer gene detection using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Authors: Vo‐Dinh Tuan , Allain Leonardo R. , Stokes David L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe describe the development of a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for cancer gene detection. The technology uses DNA gene probes based on SERS labels for gene detection. The detection method uses nanostructured metallic substrates as SERS‐active platforms. The surface‐enhanced Raman gene (SERGen) probes can be used to detect DNA targets via hybridization to DNA sequences complementary to these probes. The probes do not require the use of radioactive labels and have great potential to provide both sensitivity and selectivity. The usefulness of the SERGen approach and its applications in cancer gene diagnostics (e.g. BRCA1 breast cancer gene and BAX gene) is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in early mineralization of murine calvarial osteoblastic cultures: a Raman microscopic study
Authors: Stewart S. , Shea D. A. , Tarnowski C. P. , Morris M. D. , Wang D. , Franceschi R. , Lin D.‐L. , Keller E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe elucidation of early mineralization of bone is of great interest to the medical world. A clearer understanding of the initial bone formation processes can lead to information regarding the treatment and prevention of bone disorders and fractures and the manufacture of prosthetics. We exploited the mineralizing capabilities of bone cell cultures (osteoblast cultures) to monitor the earliest composition changes during mineral formation using Raman spectroscopy. We observed the first mineralization in 8‐day‐old osteoblasts and identified the mineral species as one that is very similar to that found in fetal bone tissue, a lightly carbonated apatite. Raman spectra show that carbonation, an indicator of bone maturity, appears at the first detectable stage of mineralization in osteoblasts, and increases over time. We also isolated single osteoblasts by growing them on fused‐silica microscope slides. Not only did these cells exhibit abnormal growth patterns, but they also expressed a mineral composition different to a carbonated apatite. Raman spectra of this mineral species have spectral characteristics comparable to those of β‐tricalcium phosphate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrophoresis to determine the molecular weight distribution in soluble proteins from various foods and their rumen‐resistant residues in cattle
Authors: Chaudhry Abdul Shakoor , Webster Anthony John F 
Published: September 2002

AbstractElectrophoresis was used to visually identify and determine the molecular weight (MW) distribution of rumen‐degradable and rumen‐resistant or escape peptides in soluble proteins from 12 agricultural and distillers' food raw materials (RM) and their residues (RU) following 18 h of in sacco rumen incubation (dg18) in cattle. Soluble proteins were extracted by using water, salt, acid and alkali in succession to represent albumins, globulins, glutalin 1 and glutalin 2 respectively. RM and RU differed substantially in the MW range, number and intensity of bands for various soluble proteins. The bands were mostly below the MW range of 66 kDa. Low‐MW (<25 kDa) peptides were greater in number than high‐MW (>25 kDa) peptides in almost all soluble proteins from RM. Individual peptides behaved differently during rumen incubation. Their resistance to or escape from rumen degradation varied with the class of food, type of soluble protein and their MW range. On average, low‐MW albumins in agricultural foods were more resistant to rumen degradation (0.41 RM vs 0.12 RU; 29%) than their high‐MW counterparts (0.12 RM vs 0.02 RU; 21%). In contrast, high‐MW glutalin 1 was more resistant (0.03 RM vs 0.22 RU) than low‐MW glutalin 1 (0.09 RM vs 0.26 RU) in most agricultural foods. Globulins contained the least and glutalins the most resistant peptides in distillers' foods. While this study reveals an association between dg18 and protein type, structure and size, we do not recommend the immediate use of electrophoresis for routine food evaluation unless more studies are undertaken. It may, however, be suitable for further characterisation of the degradation of specific, selected peptides by specific micro‐organisms.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of roasting on chemical composition and quality of different chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill) varieties
Authors: Künsch Ulrich , Schärer Hans , Patrian Bruno , Höhn Ernst , Conedera Marco , Sassella Alberto , Jermini Mauro , Jelmini Giorgio 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn view of the ongoing revival of the chestnut orchards in southern Switzerland, evaluation of chestnut quality represents an important issue. Chestnuts are mainly consumed roasted. Three native varieties and a French one were roasted and submitted to sensory and chemical analysis in comparison to a commercial marrone variety imported from Italy. Weight loss due to roasting ranged from 23 to 30%. Roasted chestnuts contained 260–350 g kg−1 starch, 50–102 g kg−1 sucrose, 0.5–4.4 g kg−1 fructose, trace amounts of glucose and 9–15 g kg−1 total fatty acids. The main fatty acid in chestnuts was linoleic acid, amounting to 49% of total fatty acids. Sensory analysis showed that acceptance of chestnuts was highly dependent on sweetness, which was related to sucrose content. It should be at least 90 g kg−1. Varietal differences were observed in this study and it was shown that roasting caused little change in composition. Thus chestnut varieties used for roasting have to be selected accordingly. The commercial variety Marrone di Cuneo confirmed its superiority with regard to suitability for roasting. Among the Swiss varieties, only Lüina exhibited satisfactory quality.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.
Classification of Slovak varietal white wines by volatile compounds
Authors: Pet'ka Ján , Mocák Ján , Farkaš Pavel , Balla Branko , Kováč Milan 
Published: September 2002

AbstractSelected volatile compounds in the most widely produced Slovak varietal white wines, Welschriesling, Grüner Veltliner and Müller Thurgau, were analysed over a 3 year period. The study aimed to find a combination of volatiles that could serve as an input for the classification of these wines using multivariate data analysis. Significant differences among the wine samples as regards variety, producer and vintage were initially examined using ANOVA. Two classification techniques were also employed, namely linear (LDA) and quadratic (QDA) discriminant analyses. LDA revealed five volatile compounds that enabled a satisfactory classification of the wines by variety, and 10 volatiles for the classification of producers. QDA was slightly less successful in distinguishing the varieties; however, the classification of producers was comparable with the LDA results when using a significantly smaller number of variables.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of confidence in expectations on consumer satisfaction
Authors: Spreng Richard A. , Page Thomas J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractResearch into the construct relationships that form consumer satisfaction has advanced to a stage in which moderator variables need to be examined. The present research proposes and tests confidence in expectations as a potential moderator of these relationships. A laboratory study tests these hypotheses and finds support for them. Specifically, high‐confidence subjects use both disconfirmation and perceived performance to form feelings of satisfaction, whereas low‐confidence subjects use only perceived performance. Implications for both research and managerial practice are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental research and surgery: Why, how, and when?
Authors: Di Cataldo Antonio , Trombatore Giovanni , Ciraldo Rosanna , Rodolico Margherita , Sorbello Massimiliano , Li Destri Giovanni 
Published: September 2002

AbstractExperimental research faces two great problems: the significant reduction of public funding and the firm opposition of the public opinion. The law forbids the use of large animals, so that it is possible to use small animals only, which require microsurgical techniques. However, even a skillful surgeon does not know how to perform microsurgery and has to begin a long and tiring training to master techniques. We think that experimental surgery should play a role because it tests the validity and safety of new surgical techniques and allows special pathophysiological aspects to be studied. Furthermore experimental surgery could represent an essential stage in the training of young surgeons. We should find a balance between observance of the law and respect of the animals and, on the other hand, the role of experimental surgery because we should not forget that its most important aim is the improvement of the health of the humankind.
A new vascularized adrenal transplantation model in the rat
Authors: Liu Dingyi , Qi Shijie , Xu Dasheng , Zhu Shengyun , Chen Huifang 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA new microsurgical model of adrenal transplantation in the rat is described. An adrenal graft with its vascular supply, adrenal artery and vein, and the attachment of a segment of aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) was transplanted to a recipient rat with end‐to‐side anastomoses between the donor IVC segment and the recipient IVC and between the donor aortic segment and the recipient aorta using 10‐0 nylon sutures. Using this model, different groups of recipient rats received iso‐ or allograft with or without immunosuppressive treatment were tested. This model provides a reliable and useful tool for research on endocrinology. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:124–126 2001
Effects of simultaneous kidney‐pancreaticoduodenal transplantation on diabetes‐induced renal insufficiency in rats
Authors: Yoon Jin Han , Jung Se Il , Cho Charles , Gil Myung Cheol , Kim Choon Gon 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAn investigation of the functional and histological changes was done after en‐bloc kidney‐pancreaticoduodenal transplantation (kpdt) in the diabetes‐induced, renal insufficient Lewis rats. For donor preparation, an end‐to‐side portocaval shunt was performed, and the aortic, vena caval segments, and ureter‐bladder patch were obtained. They were anastomosed microsurgically to recipient's aorta, vena cava, and bladder in end‐to‐side fashion. Of 15 diabetes‐induced kpdt rats, 14 survived. Two of the 14 surviving rats showed ischemic necrosis. The remaining 12 transplants showed well‐preserved glomeruli and Langerhans islets for 5 months postoperatively. Biochemical data comparing diabetic and sham‐operated rats (six rats each), six diabetic controls, and 12 kpdt rats showed no significant statistical difference at said observation period. The diabetes‐induced kpdt rats showed improvement of following biochemical data: within 1 week postoperatively, the glucose level fell from 300 to 115 mg/dL; BUN level from >20 to <20 mg/dL; the creatinine level from 1.5 to <1.2 mg/dL. The insulin level returned to normal, 1.1 ng/mL, in 2 weeks. The results demonstrate that the kpdt model is an effective and successful operative technique in diabetic rats and may provide effective therapeutic methods for diabetes‐induced renal insufficiency. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:173–178 2001
Nerve regeneration through an epineurial sheath: Its functional aspect compared with nerve and vein grafts
Authors: Karacaoğlu Ercan , Yüksel Fuat , Peker Fatih , Güler M. Mümtaz 
Published: September 2002

AbstractAlthough nerve graft is still the only reliable choice in repair of defects in peripheral nerve structure, it has the disadvantage of donor nerve morbidity and of sometimes being unavailable. It has long been researched in alternate nerve grafts with other materials. Studies have shown that nerves could regenerate across short nerve gaps through various conduits, such as veins, pseudosheaths, and bioabsorbable tubes. Despite encouraging studies, their functional results remain unclear. The present study used 40 rats, in which nerve grafts, vein grafts, and epineurial tubes were placed into 1‐cm gaps in sciatic nerves created by resection. In one group, sciatic nerves were denuded of the surrounding epineurium, to assess the possible morbidity caused by epineurial sheath technique. At 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, and 28 weeks, functional assessment of nerve regeneration was performed using walking track analysis. The number of myelinated fibers and fiber diameters was measured and electron microscopic evaluation performed. Functionally, the index values were very close to each other in nerve graft and epineurial sheath groups. Morphometric analysis showed significance between the groups. The result of denuded sciatic nerve group was the same as the base track values. It was concluded that the ready availability of epineurial sheath as a conduit to span short nerve gaps could eliminate the morbidity associated with nerve graft harvest and capitalize on the potential benefits of neurotrophism in directing nerve regeneration. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:196–201 2001
Free tissue transfer in pregnancy: Guidelines for perioperative management
Authors: Meger G. Robert , Majewski W. Tomasz , Lyle W. Glenn 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA successful free tissue transfer of serratus anterior muscle, to provide coverage for an open ankle defect in a pregnant patient, is described. Microvascular surgery in the presence of a viable pregnancy demands considerations unique to this situation. Although rarely possible, an attempt should be made to plan surgery to coincide with the second trimester, to lessen the risk of anesthesia to the fetus. Maternal positioning, fluid balance, and aspiration precautions need to be critically addressed. Close perioperative monitoring by an obstetrician is essential. The condition of pregnancy results in a hypercoagulable state that may lead to an increased risk of anastomotic failure. The use of anticoagulants results in increased risk of bleeding, not only for the patient but also for the fetus, as well as risk of teratogenic effects. Closely monitored heparin is considered safe in pregnancy as is low‐molecular‐weight dextran and low‐dose aspirin. Additional considerations include the use of narcotics and sedatives for comfort postoperatively, as well as antibiotic choices, if indicated. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:202–207 2001
Rat parathyroid allotransplantation: Influence of MHC antigen expression on graft survival
Authors: Timm S. , Otto C. , Hamelmann W. , Gassel A.M. , Timmermann W. , Ulrichs K. , Thiede A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMHC antigen expression in parathyroid tissue and its influence on graft survival after allogeneic transplantation were investigated using a heterotopic rat transplantation model. MHC class I and II expression in parathyroid tissue of Lewis (LEW), Dark Agouti (DA), and Wistar‐Furth (WF) rats was analysed semi‐quantitatively by using immunohistochemistry. MHC class I expression was strong in DA, moderate in WF, and weak in LEW rats parenchyma, whereas MHC class II expression was negative. In the interstitium of all investigated tissue specimens, the proportion of MHC class II–expressing cells was low. Additionally, four groups were transplanted: 1) LEW to LEW, 2) DA to DA, 3) LEW to DA, and 4) WF to LEW. After syngeneic transplantation, graft survival could be documented over the whole observation period. A median graft survival of 20 (±2) days was observed after transplantation from LEW to DA, whereas grafts in the group WF to LEW were rejected after 13 (±1) days. The number of intra‐graft leucocytes expressing MHC class II molecules was the same in all groups, whereas increased levels of MHC class I in parathyroid tissue before transplantation resulted in a more rapid rejection. These results indicate that immunogenicity of rat parathyroid tissue might be determined by the amount of MHC class I expressed in donor parenchymal cells. Further experiments are necessary to validate this observation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:221–222 2001
Use of colour duplex Doppler imaging in the postoperative assessment of buried free flaps
Authors: Stone Christopher A. , Dubbins P.A. , Morris Robert J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe postoperative assessment of free flaps is essential to identify and act on signs of incipient flap failure. Where the flap is completely buried, this becomes almost impossible unless part of the flap is exteriorised or an overlying skin window is used. Alternatively, complicated and often impractical monitoring devices have been advocated, but these have failed to gain widespread acceptance. A simpler solution to this problem has been evaluated in a series of patients using colour duplex Doppler imaging. This re‐appraisal of a previously reported technique has been facilitated by updated technology in diagnostic radiology. Duplex Doppler imaging was confirmed as an accurate, non‐invasive, and inexpensive tool for the postoperative measurement of blood flow within the pedicles of five buried free flaps in four patients undergoing surgery in our unit. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 21:223–227 2001
Effect of isovolemic hemodilution with 3% albumin on thrombus formation at venous microanastomosis in rats
Authors: Farina Jayme A. , Piccinato Carlos E. , Rossi Marcos A. , Mazzer Nilton , Llorach‐Velludo Maria A. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of isovolemic hemodilution with 3% albumin per se on the prevention of microvascular venous thrombosis, using an experimental model in rats mimicking the thrombotic mechanisms similar to those in clinical situations. Male Wistar rats were allocated into two groups of 15 rats each: group 1, the nonhemodiluted group, consisted of animals submitted to microsurgical procedure to induce thrombosis without previous hemodilution; group 2, the hemodiluted group, consisted of animals submitted to microsurgical procedure to induce thrombosis with previous hemodilution. The histopathological examination clearly showed that the nonhemodiluted group presented well‐defined venous thrombosis in the anastomoses in 9 animals, totally occlusive in 8, and mural in 1. In contrast, in the hemodiluted group none of the anastomoses presented venous thrombosis, except for the presence of nonadherent blood clots. The clinical analysis of the anastomoses' patency, as evaluated by the empty‐full test, showed a significant reduction in rate of venous occlusion in the previously hemodiluted animals as compared with the nonhemodiluted animals 20 min after microsurgical anastomosis. Forty‐eight hours after anastomosis, the rate of venous occlusion was 66.7% in the nonhemodiluted group and 33.3% in the hemodiluted group; even though no significant difference could be detected during this time, the patency of anastomoses tended to be greater in the hemodiluted group than that of controls. The rate of spontaneous recanalization after 48 h was identical in both groups (16.6%) in comparison with the rates observed 20 min after the surgical procedure. In summary, moderate isovolemic hemodilution with 3% albumin was effective in reducing the rate of venous microanastomosis occlusion in rats 20 min after the surgical procedure, tending to maintain the anastomoses' patency after 48 h. In addition, 48 h after the microsurgical procedure, the rate of venous thrombosis as evaluated microscopically was significantly lower in the hemodiluted animals as compared with nonhemodiluted control animals. This points out that hemodilution with albumin could be a safe and adequate procedure to prevent thrombus formation at venous microanastomosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:152–157 2002
Evolution free boundary problem for equations of viscous compressible heat‐conducting capillary fluids
Authors: Zadrzyńska Ewa 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn the paper the global motion of a viscous compressible heat conducting capillary fluid in a domain bounded by a free surface is considered. Assuming that the initial data are sufficiently close to a constant state and the external force vanishes we prove the existence of a global‐in‐time solution which is close to the constant state for any moment of time. The solution is obtained in such Sobolev–Slobodetskii spaces that the velocity, the temperature and the density of the fluid have $W_2^{2+\alpha,1+\alpha/2}$\nopagenumbers\end, $W_2^{2+\alpha,1+\alpha/2}$\nopagenumbers\end and $W_2^{1+\alpha,1/2+\alpha/2}$\nopagenumbers\end
—regularity with α∈(¾, 1), respectively. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of the relationship between the coupling ratio and the time delay along microstrip lines using the FDTD method
Authors: Kim Yongjin , Lee Sangseol 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe relationship between the coupling ratio and the time delay is analyzed using the FDTD method. The FDTD method for analyzing a microstrip structure with two lines is represented. An RVS (resistive voltage source) with single‐point excitation and a PML with eight layers are chosen for the FDTD method. For the various parameters of a microstrip structure, the relationships between the coupling ratio and time delay are numerically analyzed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 256–260, 2001.
Temperature characteristic analysis of a ferrite phase shifter in a grooved waveguide
Authors: Che Wenquan , Wang Chao‐Fu , Ma Jinping 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA rigorous analysis of the temperature characteristics of a ferrite phase shifter in a grooved waveguide is carried out by using a combination of analytical and numerical methods. The numerical results are found to be in agreement with our measurements. The results obtained provide valuable guidance for the simulation of the property of the device in the high‐power case and for the optimization of the design of the device. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 156–159, 2001.
TEM horn optimized for transient radiation
Authors: Morrow Ivor L. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractTheory and measurements are presented to show that careful shaping of antenna metalization can be used to design TEM horn antennas for ultra‐wideband applications involving high‐fidelity impulsive electromagnetic fields. The effect on the radiated pulse, spectral bandwidth, and transfer function is discussed. A numerical time‐domain formulation is described to compute the impulsive radiated far‐field waveform, and some experimental results are included to indicate the usefulness of the technique. The ringing action of the antenna is recognized as the crucial parameter constraining the usefulness of the design. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 161–164, 2001.
Effect of dielectric properties on moisture leveling in microwave‐assisted drying of laminar materials
Authors: Monzó‐Cabrera J. , Díaz‐Morcillo A. , Catalá‐Civera J. M. , De los Reyes E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted drying of laminar materials has been studied, and a model is proposed to explain the behavior of these materials under microwave radiation. Different selective heating and drying tests of leather samples have been carried out, and drying curves showed a fast convergence as a proof of this effect. The obtained results look promising for applying this technique on an industrial scale. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 165–168, 2001.