bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐center comparison of surgical techniques for corpus Callosotomy in pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Hansen Daniel , Shandley Sabrina , Olaya Joffre , Hauptman Jason , Auguste Kurtis , Ostendorf Adam P. , Depositario‐Cabacar Dewi F. , Wong‐Kisiel Lily C. , Reddy Shilpa B. , McCormack Michael J. , Gonzalez‐Giraldo Ernesto , Sullivan Joseph , Pradeep Javarayee , Singh Rani K. , Romanowski Erin Fedak , McNamara Nancy A. , Ciliberto Michael A. , Tatachar Priya , Shrey Daniel W. , Karakas Cemal , Karia Samir , Kheder Ammar , Gedela Satyanarayana , Alexander Allyson , Eschbach Krista , Bolton Jeffrey , Marashly Ahmad , Wolf Steven , McGoldrick Patricia , Nangia Srishti , Grinspan Zachary , Coryell Jason , Samanta Debopam , Armstrong Dallas , Perry M. Scott 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesCorpus callosotomy (CC) is used to reduce seizures, primarily in patients with generalized drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). The invasive nature of the procedure contributes to underutilization despite its potential superiority to other palliative procedures. The goal of this study was to use a multi‐institutional epilepsy surgery database to characterize the use of CC across participating centers.MethodsData were acquired from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) Surgery Database, a prospective observational study collecting data on children 0–18 years referred for surgical evaluation of DRE across 22 U.S. pediatric epilepsy centers. Patient, epilepsy, and surgical characteristics were collected across multiple CC modalities. Outcomes and complications were recorded and analyzed statistically.ResultsEighty‐three patients undergoing 85 CC procedures at 14 participating epilepsy centers met inclusion criteria. Mean age at seizure onset was 2.3 years (0–9.4); mean age for Phase I evaluation and surgical intervention were 9.45 (.1–20) and 10.46 (.2–20.6) years, respectively. Generalized seizure types were the most common (59%). Complete CC was performed in 88%. The majority of CC procedures (57%) were via open craniotomy, followed by laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) (20%) and mini‐craniotomy/endoscopic (mc/e) (22%). Mean operative times were significantly longer for LiTT, whereas mean estimated blood loss was greater in open cases. Complications occurred in 11 cases (13%) and differed significantly between surgical techniques (p < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in length of postoperative stay across approaches. Mean follow‐up was 12.8 months (range 1–39). Favorable Engel outcomes were experienced by 37 (78.7%) of the patients who underwent craniotomy, 10 (58.8%) with LiTT, and 12 (63.2%) with mc/e; these differences were not statistically significant.SignificanceCC is an effective surgical modality for children with DRE. Regardless of surgical modality, complication rates are acceptable and seizure outcomes generally favorable. Newer, less‐invasive, surgical approaches may lead to increased adoption of this efficacious therapeutic option for pediatric DRE.
Utility of parentage‐based tagging for monitoring Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the interior Columbia River basin
Authors: Horn Rebekah L. , Nuetzel Hayley M. , Johnson Becky , Kamphaus Cory , Lovrak Jon , Mott Kraig , Newsome Todd , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBy the 1980s, after decades of declining numbers in the mid‐1900s, Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were considered extirpated from the interior Columbia River. In the mid‐1990s, the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, and the Nez Perce Tribe began successful reintroduction programs of Coho salmon upstream of Bonneville Dam, but which were initially sourced from lower Columbia River hatcheries. Here we present the first Coho salmon parentage‐based tagging (PBT) baseline from seven hatchery programs located in the interior Columbia River basin, and two sites at or downstream of Bonneville Dam, composed of over 32,000 broodstock samples. Analyses of baseline collections revealed that genetic structure followed a temporal pattern based on 3‐year broodlines rather than geographic location or stocking history. Across hatchery programs, similar levels of genetic diversity was present. The PBT baseline provided multiple direct applications such as identification of origin for Coho salmon collected in a mixed stock at Priest Rapids Dam and the detection of the proportion and distribution of hatchery‐origin fish on the spawning grounds in the Methow River basin. The PBT baseline for Coho salmon is freely available for use and can be downloaded from FishGen.net.
Agroforestry enhances biological activity, diversity and soil‐based ecosystem functions in mountain agroecosystems of Latin America: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Visscher Anna M. , Meli Paula , Fonte Steven J. , Bonari Gianmaria , Zerbe Stefan , Wellstein Camilla 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMountain agroecosystems in Latin America provide multiple ecosystem functions (EFs) and products from global to local scales, particularly for the rural communities who depend on them. Agroforestry has been proposed as a climate‐smart farming strategy throughout much of the region to help conserve biodiversity and enhance multiple EFs, especially in mountainous regions. However, large‐scale synthesis on the potential of agroforestry across Latin America is lacking. To understand the potential impacts of agroforestry at the continental level, we conducted a meta‐analysis examining the effects of agroforestry on biological activity and diversity (BIAD) and multiple EFs across mountain agroecosystems of Latin America. A total of 78 studies were selected based on a formalized literature search in the Web of Science. We analysed differences between (i) silvoarable systems versus cropland, (ii) silvopastoral systems versus pastureland, and (iii) agroforestry versus forest systems, based on response ratios. Response ratios were further used to understand how climate type, precipitation and soil properties (texture) influence key EFs (carbon sequestration, nutrient provision, erosion control, yield production) and BIAD in agroforestry systems. Results revealed that BIAD and EFs related to carbon sequestration and nutrient provisioning were generally higher in agroforestry systems (silvopastoral and silvoarable) compared to croplands and pasturelands without trees. However, the impacts of agroforestry systems on crop yields varied depending on the system considered (i.e., coffee vs. cereals), while forest systems generally provided greater levels of BIAD and EFs than agroforestry systems. Further analysis demonstrated that the impacts of agroforestry systems on BIAD and EFs depend greatly on climate type, soil, and precipitation. For example, silvoarable systems appear to generate the greatest benefits in arid or tropical climates, on sandier soils, and under lower precipitation regimes. Overall, our findings highlight the widespread potential of agroforestry systems to BIAD and multiple EFs across montane regions of Latin America.
Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds
Authors: Spiegel Cody J. , Mladenov Natalie , Wall Christopher B. , Hollman Kelly , Tran Cindy H. , Symons Celia C. , Shurin Jonathan B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfire frequency and severity, influencing terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles at broad spatial and temporal scales. The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestrial deposition and the influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plants into nearby aquatic systems, resulting in the darkening of water color. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire (burned vs. unburned plant biomass) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation (biological vs. photochemical) and DOM composition in 400 L freshwater ponds using a gradient experimental design. DOC concentration increased nonlinearly with plant biomass loading in both treatments, with overall higher concentrations (>56 mg/L) in the unburned treatment shortly after plant addition. We also observed nonlinear trends in fluorescence and UV‐visible absorbance spectroscopic indices as a function of fire treatment and plant biomass, such as greater humification and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (a proxy for aromatic DOM) over time. DOM humification occurred gradually over time with less humification in the burned treatment compared to the unburned treatment. Both burned and unburned biomass released noncolored, low molecular weight carbon compounds that were rapidly consumed by microbes. DOC decomposition exhibited a unimodal relationship with plant biomass, with microbes contributing more to DOC loss than photodegradation at intermediate biomass levels (100–300 g). Our findings demonstrate that the quantity of plant biomass leads to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM in experimental ponds that are altered by fire, indicating how disturbances interactively affect DOM processing and its role in aquatic environments.
Gender, vulnerabilities, and how the other becomes the otherer in academia
Authors: Franken Esme , Sharafizad Fleur , Brown Kerry 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article draws on the work of Judith Butler, particularly the notion of vulnerability in/as resistance, to explore the gendered experiences of women in Australian academia. Through employing an arts‐based research method, Draw, Write, and Reflect, with women academics in Australia, we explore the ways in which vulnerabilities are identified and navigated in the context of academia. Our study identified three key forms of vulnerabilities: the expectation paradox, the body, and age and experience. Such vulnerabilities appeared to be navigated through acts of othering, denying, and overcoming. We return to Butler's call for the creation of gender trouble in making sense of these findings but find that what is instead occurring is within‐gender trouble. We then explain how this aspect is shaped by the masculine and highly individualized structures of academia. Our findings extend Butler's notions of vulnerability in/as resistance by offering insights that capture a fragmented and sometimes impermeable space between vulnerabilities and resistance.
Implementation of frailty screening for older people living with HIV in Brighton, UK
Authors: Clair‐Sullivan Natalie St , Bristowe Katherine , Khan Inayat , Maddocks Matthew , Harding Richard , Bremner Stephen , Levett Thomas , Roberts Jonathan , Adler Zoe , Yi Deokhee , Vera Jaime H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the implementation of frailty screening in people living with HIV (PLWH) in a large urban cohort of patients in Brighton, UK.MethodsFocus group discussions with HIV professionals and PLWH interviews helped inform the design and implementation of the frailty screening pathway in the clinic. Data were collected from PLWH aged over 60 years attending their HIV annual health check from July 2021 to January 2023 (n = 590), who were screened for frailty by nurses using the FRAIL scale. We assessed the proportions of PLWH who screened as frail, prefrail or robust and compared patient characteristics across groups. All PLWH identified as frail were offered a comprehensive geriatric assessment delivered by a combined HIV geriatric clinic, and uptake was recorded.ResultsA total of 456/590 (77.3%) PLWH aged over 60 years were screened for frailty. Median age and time since HIV diagnosis (range) for those screened were 66 (60–99) years and 21 (0–32) years, respectively. In total, 56 (12.1%) of those screened were identified as frail, 118 (25.9%) as prefrail and 282 (61.8%) as robust. A total of 10/56 (18%) people identified as frail declined an appointment in the geriatric clinic. Compared with non‐frail individuals, frail PLWH had been living with HIV for longer and had a greater number of comorbidities and comedications but were not chronologically older.ConclusionsImplementing frailty screening in PLWH over 60 years old is feasible in a large cohort of PLWH, as recommended by the European AIDS Clinical Society. More research is needed to determine if frailty screening can improve clinical outcomes of older PLWH and the use of the comprehensive geriatric assessment within HIV services.
Effects of particle size and content of cladding powder on in situ synthesized WC‐reinforced Ni‐based cladding layers
Authors: Zhang Cong‐xiao , Sun Wan‐chang , Liu Er‐yong , Liu Yu‐wan , Liu Jing‐pei , Zhang Bo , Zhou Meng‐ran , Xu Yi‐fan , Jia Ya‐peng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLaser cladding technology can obtain a cladding layer with good metallurgical bonding with the substrate and excellent performance. In situ growth of hard phase can effectively solve the problem of uneven distribution of reinforcements directly doped with hard particles. In this paper, 45# steel was adopted as the matrix material, WO3, B4C, Al, and Ni60 powder were used to prepare laser cladding and in situ synthesized WC (Tungsten Carbide) hard phase reinforced Ni‐based cladding layers. The effects of different laser cladding parameters, powder particle size, hard phase content on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of in situ synthesized WC hard phase reinforced Ni‐based cladding layer were analyzed. The results revealed that when the (WO3 + B4C + Al) mixed powder content was 25%, the bulk particles of WC phase in the cladding layer were most uniformly distributed in the cladding layer, which enhances the mechanical properties of the cladding layer. When the B4C particle size was 5 μm, the microhardness of the cladding layer was significantly higher than other cladding layers, and the enhancement mechanism of hardness by B4C is due to the Orowan strengthening caused by too small particle size of B4C.
Arteriolar hyalinization at 0‐hour biopsy predicts long‐term graft function in deceased kidney transplantation
Authors: Murata Masaki , Tasaki Masayuki , Saito Kazuhide , Nakagawa Yuki , Ikeda Masahiro , Akiyama Masato , Imai Naofumi , Narita Ichiei , Takahashi Kota , Tomita Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesRegarding the relationship between donor kidney quality and renal graft function after deceased kidney transplantation (KTx) following donation after cardiac death (DCD), the evaluation timing varies depending on the study. Evaluation of histology and changes in long‐term renal graft function is limited.MethodsA retrospective single‐center study included 71 recipients who underwent 0‐hour biopsy for KTx from DCD. The recipients were divided into two groups to evaluate factors related to renal graft function (study1). The two groups were categorized as stable graft function and poor graft function with the change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after KTx. The recipients were then divided into four groups to assess whether the factors identified in study1 were related to the change in long‐term renal graft function (study2). They were categorized as follows: Improved, Stable, Deteriorated, and Primary non‐function with the change of eGFR after KTx.ResultsIn study1, donor age ≥ 50 years (29.5% vs. 65.2%; p = 0.09), banff arteriolar hyalinosis (ah) score (0.66 ± 0.78 vs. 1.2 ± 1.0; p = 0.018), and presence of glomerulosclerosis (43.2% vs. 76.2%; p = 0.017) were significant risk factors for poor long‐term graft function. When the recipients were divided into four groups, the severity of ah correlated well with changes in long‐term renal function.ConclusionsWe can predict the shift in long‐term renal graft function after KTx from DCD according to the severity of ah by 0‐hour biopsy.
Sickle cell disease in Australia: a snapshot from the Australian Haemoglobinopathy Registry
Authors: Nelson Anna , Ho P. Joy , Haysom Helen , Waters Neil , Wellard Cameron , Chee Melissa , Teo Juliana , Greenway Anthea , Mason Kylie , Kidson‐Gerber Giselle , Kaplan Zane , Carter Tina , Cole‐Sinclair Merrole F , Barbaro Pasquale , Wood Erica M. ,   the Haemoglobinopathy Registry investigators
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic disorder worldwide. In deoxygenated conditions, the altered beta chain (haemoglobin S [HbS]) polymerises and distorts the erythrocyte, resulting in pain crises, vasculopathy and end‐organ damage. Clinical complications of SCD cause substantial morbidity, and therapy demands expertise and resources. Optimising care for patients and planning resource allocation for the future requires an understanding of the disease in the Australian population. The Australian Haemoglobinopathy Registry (HbR) is a collaborative initiative of specialist centres collating and analysing data on patients with haemoglobin disorders.AimsTo provide a snapshot of SCD in Australia over a 12‐month period based on data from the HbR.MethodsPatients with a clinically significant sickling disorder across 12 clinical sites were included for analysis. Data include demographic and diagnostic details, as well as details of the clinical management of the condition over a 12‐month period.ResultsData on 359 SCD patients demonstrate a shift in the demographic of patients in Australia, with a growing proportion of sub‐Saharan African ethnicities associated with the HbSS genotype. Acute and chronic complications are common, and patients require significant outpatient and inpatient support. Prevalence of disease complications and therapeutic trends are in keeping with other high‐income countries.ConclusionsThis study provides the first national picture of SCD in Australia, describing the characteristics and needs of SCD patients, elucidating demand for current and novel therapy and facilitating the planning of services for this vulnerable population.
Inborn errors of immunity: A field without frontiers
Authors: Bucciol Giorgia , Delafontaine Selket , Meyts Isabelle , Poli Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe study of primary immunodeficiencies or inborn errors of immunity continues to drive our knowledge of the function of the human immune system. From the outset, the study of inborn errors has focused on unraveling genetic etiologies and molecular mechanisms. Aided by the continuous growth in genetic diagnostics, the field has moved from the study of an infection dominated phenotype to embrace and unravel diverse manifestations of autoinflammation, autoimmunity, malignancy, and severe allergy in all medical disciplines. It has now moved from the study of ultrarare presentations to producing meaningful impact in conditions as diverse as inflammatory bowel disease, neurological conditions, and hematology. Beyond offering immunogenetic diagnosis, the study of underlying inborn errors of immunity in these conditions points to targeted treatment which can be lifesaving.
Strain‐induced effects on thermoelectric performance of layered LaCuOSe
Authors: Feng Shan , Zu Xiaotao , Qiao Liang , Xiao Haiyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, the strain‐induced effects on thermal and electrical transport properties of LaCuOSe are studied by combining first‐principles calculations with semi‐classical Boltzmann transport theory. The results show that external strain affects the crystal and electronic structures of LaCuOSe significantly. It is interesting to find that the electrical conductivity of n‐type LaCuOSe is improved by the tensile strain. In addition, the tensile strain also has positive effects on the Seebeck coefficient of p‐type doped LaCuOSe. Consequently, the power factor of p‐type doped LaCuOSe is enhanced by 18.2% under 10% tensile strain at 800 K. However, due to the obviously affected mechanical properties of LaCuOSe under external strain, the decreased Grüneisen constant and reduced Debye temperatures are resulted, and the lattice thermal conductivity of LaCuOSe at 300 K increases from 2.91 to 5.95 Wm/K with the tensile strain increasing from 0% to 10%. The sharply increased thermal conductivity finally results in the optimal ZT value of 0.076 and 0.417 for ideal p‐ and n‐type LaCuOSe at 800 K being reduced to 0.048 and 0.286 under 10% tensile strain, respectively. These results suggest that the thermoelectrical properties of LaCuOSe need to be further improved for its application under stress.
Structural and psychological empowerment among newly graduated nurses and related factors: A mixed methods study
Authors: Sarıköse Seda , Çelik Sevilay Şenol 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsTo discuss the levels of structural empowerment (SE) and psychological empowerment (PE) and the factors that influence perceptions of empowerment among newly graduated nurses (NGNs).DesignMixed methods study.MethodsThe quantitative part of the study was conducted with 220 NGNs with <1 year of job experience. The study was conducted between February and May 2023. Focus group discussions were conducted with 30 NGNs. Data were collected by using the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ‐II), the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) and a Semi‐Structured Interview Form. Quantitative data were analysed using stepwise regression analysis. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.ResultsCWEQ‐II and PES were moderate. The regression analysis showed that NGNs' SE scores increased in association with the following factors, including an increase in the total score on the PES, being married/having a partner, working a day shift, having career planning, increased satisfaction with the orientation programmes of the institution and increased satisfaction with the employing institution. As a result of the descriptive analysis of the focus group interviews conducted to determine the empowerment perceptions of NGNs, we identified three contexts along with the associated themes and subthemes. These three contexts were the ‘concept of power’, ‘professional impression’ and ‘empowerment process’.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that the SE and PE levels of NGNs are moderate, and their empowerment perceptions are influenced by many factors that can be individual, organizational and work environment relevant.ImpactThis study's findings will guide policymakers, educators, researchers and administrators in empowering NGNs essential to the healthcare workforce.Reporting MethodThe paper adheres to the COREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.