bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apixaban to Prevent Covert Infarcts After Cryptogenic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Cardiopathy
Authors: Lansberg Maarten G. , Wintermark Max , Chen Hui , Howard George , Cassarly Christy , Pauls Qi , Kemp Stephanie , Harris Tashia L. , Krishnaiah Balaji , Stanton Robert J. , Lyerly Michael J. , Miller Benjamin R. , Smith Eric E. , Tirschwell David L. , Sheth Kevin N. , Kamel Hooman , Longstreth William T. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Broderick Joseph P. , Lazar Ronald M. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceIn the Atrial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs in Prevention After Cryptogenic Stroke (ARCADIA) randomized clinical trial, anticoagulation did not prevent recurrent stroke among patients with a recent cryptogenic stroke and atrial cardiopathy. It is unknown whether anticoagulation prevents covert infarcts in this population.ObjectiveTo test the use of apixaban vs aspirin for prevention of nonlacunar covert infarcts after cryptogenic stroke in patients with atrial cardiopathy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsARCADIA-MRI, an ancillary study to the ARCADIA trial with a median follow-up period of 27 months, enrolled participants from 75 sites in the US from November 14, 2019, until December 2, 2022. Participants in ARCADIA were invited to coenroll in ARCADIA-MRI if they had not permanently discontinued the study drug and had no contraindications on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 310 (31%) of the 1015 ARCADIA participants enrolled in ARCADIA-MRI and of those 174 (56%) with adequate quality baseline and follow-up MRI were included in the present analyses.InterventionsMRI performed at the time of the index stroke served as the baseline image unless it was unavailable or of insufficient quality, in which case a new research MRI was obtained. A follow-up research MRI was performed upon each participant’s completion of participation in the ARCADIA parent study.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was incident nonlacunar covert infarct on the follow-up MRI assessed by 2 independent raters who were masked to treatment assignment.ResultsBaseline characteristics were balanced between the apixaban (n = 79) and aspirin (n = 95) arms. The mean (SD) age was 66 (10.6) years, and the median (IQR) modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 1 (0-2). Ninety-one participants (52.3%) were male. During the median (IQR) follow-up of 811 (487-1288) days, the risk of incident nonlacunar covert infarcts was lower in the apixaban group (5.1%) than the aspirin group (17.9%) (weighted relative risk, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.83).Conclusions and RelevanceApixaban compared to aspirin was associated with fewer incident nonlacunar covert infarcts among a subset of patients with a recent cryptogenic ischemic stroke and atrial cardiopathy who were enrolled in ARCADIA.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03192215
Predicting Individual Pain Sensitivity Using a Novel Cortical Biomarker Signature
Authors: Chowdhury Nahian S. , Bi Chuan , Furman Andrew J. , Chiang Alan K. I. , Skippen Patrick , Si Emily , Millard Samantha K. , Margerison Sarah M. , Spies Darrah , Keaser Michael L. , Da Silva Joyce T. , Chen Shuo , Schabrun Siobhan M. , Seminowicz David A. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceBiomarkers would greatly assist decision-making in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of chronic pain.ObjectiveTo undertake analytical validation of a sensorimotor cortical biomarker signature for pain consisting of 2 measures: sensorimotor peak alpha frequency (PAF) and corticomotor excitability (CME).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study at a single center (Neuroscience Research Australia) recruited participants from November 2020 to October 2022 through notices placed online and at universities across Australia. Participants were healthy adults aged 18 to 44 years with no history of chronic pain or a neurological or psychiatric condition. Participants experienced a model of prolonged temporomandibular pain with outcomes collected over 30 days. Electroencephalography to assess PAF and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess CME were recorded on days 0, 2, and 5. Pain was assessed twice daily from days 1 through 30.ExposureParticipants received an injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the right masseter muscle on days 0 and 2 to induce prolonged temporomandibular pain lasting up to 4 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe predictive accuracy of the PAF/CME biomarker signature was determined using a nested control-test scheme: machine learning models were run on a training set (n = 100), where PAF and CME were predictors and pain sensitivity was the outcome. The winning classifier was assessed on a test set (n = 50) comparing the predicted pain labels against the true labels.ResultsAmong the final sample of 150 participants, 66 were female and 84 were male; the mean (SD) age was 25.1 (6.2) years. The winning classifier was logistic regression, with an outstanding area under the curve (AUC = 1.00). The locked model assessed on the test set had excellent performance (AUC = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.99). Results were reproduced across a range of methodological parameters. Moreover, inclusion of sex and pain catastrophizing as covariates did not improve model performance, suggesting the model including biomarkers only was more robust. PAF and CME biomarkers showed good to excellent test-retest reliability.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provides evidence for a sensorimotor cortical biomarker signature for pain sensitivity. The combination of accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability suggests the PAF/CME biomarker signature has substantial potential for clinical translation, including predicting the transition from acute to chronic pain.
Molecular insights into the modulation of the 5HT2A receptor by serotonin, psilocin, and the G protein subunit Gqα
Authors: Viohl Niklas , Hakami Zanjani Ali Asghar , Khandelia Himanshu 
Published: January 2025

5HT2AR is a G‐protein‐coupled receptor that drives many neuronal functions and is a target for psychedelic drugs. Understanding ligand interactions and conformational transitions is essential for developing effective pharmaceuticals, but mechanistic details of 5HT2AR activation remain poorly understood. We utilized all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations and free‐energy calculations to investigate 5HT2AR's conformational dynamics upon binding to serotonin and psilocin. We show that the active state of 5HT2AR collapses to a closed state in the absence of Gqα, underscoring the importance of G‐protein coupling. We discover an intermediate “partially‐open” receptor conformation. Both ligands have higher binding affinities for the orthosteric than the extended binding pocket. These findings enhance our understanding of 5HT2AR's activation and may aid in developing novel therapeutics.Impact statementThis study sheds light on 5HT2AR activation, revealing intermediate conformations and ligand dynamics. These insights could enhance drug development for neurological and psychiatric disorders, benefiting researchers and clinicians in pharmacology and neuroscience.
CSF cytokine, chemokine and injury biomarker profile of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoimmunity
Authors: Segal Yahel , Mangioris Georgios , Lennon Vanda , Yang Binxia , Dubey Divyanshu , Flanagan Eoin P. , McKeon Andrew , Mills John R. , Toledano Michel , Vodopivec Ivana , Pittock Sean J. , Zekeridou Anastasia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDefining the CSF cytokine/chemokine and injury biomarker signature of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoimmunity can inform immunopathogenesis. CSF GFAP‐IgG‐positive samples (N = 98) were tested for 17 cytokines/chemokines, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and GFAP (ELLA, Bio‐Techne). Controls included non‐inflammatory (N = 42), AQP4‐IgG‐positive (N = 83), CNS infections (N = 13), and neurosarcoidosis (N = 32). IL5, IL6, IL10, IL8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, BAFF, GM‐CSF, IFN‐gamma, and TNF‐alpha concentrations were higher compared to non‐inflammatory controls (P < 0.01). GFAP concentrations were similar to those of AQP4‐IgG‐positive patients; NfL was higher (P < 0.001) and correlated with MRI changes and outcomes. CSF cytokine/chemokine findings in GFAP autoimmunity correlate with histopathology; GFAP and NfL hold promise as disease biomarkers.
Priority Musculoskeletal Health Research Questions for People With Generalized Joint Hypermobility: An International Delphi Study
Authors: Habibian Sara , Pacey Verity , Chan Cliffton , Hakim Alan J. , Williams Cylie M. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the top 10 international research priorities for musculoskeletal health of people with generalized joint hypermobility.MethodsA three‐round Delphi method using an online survey was implemented. Three participant stakeholder groups were eligible for inclusion: (1) people with lived experience of joint hypermobility or their carers, (2) health care professionals, and (3) researchers with experience working with individuals with hypermobility. Participants provided up to three priority research questions in round 1. In round 2, participants prioritized 10 research questions from the unique questions proposed in round 1. In round 3, participants were presented with the top 10 questions from the overall cohort and for their stakeholder group(s) and asked to rank these in order of importance.ResultsRound 1 commenced with 396 participants who provided 958 individual questions, which reduced to 210 unique questions following data cleaning. There were 257 participants (65% of 396) in round 2, and 249 participants (63% of 396, lived experience n = 230, health care professionals n = 73, and researchers n = 21) in round 3. The overall top‐ranked question was, “How can we prevent disability, pain, and poor quality of life associated with the musculoskeletal comorbidities of symptomatic generalized joint hypermobility?” Specific stakeholder group priority research questions varied. People with lived experience prioritized treatment questions, whereas health care professionals and researchers prioritized service‐impact and utilization research questions.ConclusionPriority research questions relating to musculoskeletal health of people with generalized joint hypermobility have been internationally identified. These questions provide a future focus for meaningful and necessary research in this field.image
Crystal Structural Editing: Novel Biaxial MgTe2O5 Crystal as Zero‐Order Waveplates
Authors: Dong Xiaofei , Guo Feifei , Chen Lijuan , Mu Wenxiang , Liu Lishan , Wang Shanpeng , Tao Xutang , Gao Zeliang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWaveplates are important optical components to control the polarization of light. Currently, they are often fabricated from uniaxial crystals, and there is no report about waveplates based on the biaxial crystals. In this work, a novel biaxial crystal MgTe2O5 with a structure constructed by 0D Te2O5 groups is designed and grown as waveplate materials for the first time. The exciting result is that the birefringence in the (001)‐plane is smaller than 0.0028 in the range from 0.4 to 5 µm, which is significantly smaller than that of the current waveplate materials. The polarization modulations of the MgTe2O5 devices working at 532 nm indicate that excellent zero‐order half and quarter waveplates have been successfully prepared. In addition, achromatic waveplates used in the visible, near‐infrared, and mid‐infrared ranges have also been calculated. The MgTe2O5 crystal not only exhibits a high laser damage threshold of up to 2.7 GW cm−2 but also shows a wide transmission range from 0.37 to 6.3 µm. These results provide an excellent waveplate crystal and explore the applications of biaxial crystals.
Prevalence of dementia in Singapore: Changes across a decade
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Abdin Edimansyah , Asharani PV , Roystonn Kumarasan , Devi Fiona , Peizhi Wang , Shafie Saleha , Sagayadevan Vathsala , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Chua Boon Yiang , Tan Bernard , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Yao Fengyuan , Magadi Harish , Ma Stefan , Chow Wai Leng , McCrone Paul , Heng Derrick , Mahendran Rathi , Prince Martin , Ng Li Ling , Chong Siow Ann 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe study aimed to assess changes in the prevalence of dementia in Singapore over the past decade.METHODSThe Well‐being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) 2023 and the WiSE 2013 studies were comprehensive, single‐phase, cross‐sectional surveys conducted among older adults aged ≥60 years in Singapore. WiSE 2023 included 2010 older adults and 1798 informants, whereas WiSE 2013 comprised 2565 older adults and 2421 informants.RESULTSThe weighted prevalence of dementia based on the 10/66 Diagnostic Research Group (DRG) criteria was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.3–10.7) in the WiSE 2023 study compared to 10% in the WiSE 2013 study (95% CI: 8.7–11.5). The proportion of those with undiagnosed dementia decreased significantly from 70.6% in WiSE 2013 to 51.5% in WiSE 2023 (p‐value = 0.002).DISCUSSIONA non‐significant 12% reduction (95% CI: 1.1–3.5) in dementia prevalence was observed in Singapore over a decade, based on the WiSE 2013 and WiSE 2023 studies.Highlights
The prevalence of dementia decreased from 10% to 8.8% over a decade in Singapore.
The prevalence varied by age group, ethnicity, employment status, and health factors.
The prevalence of undiagnosed dementia decreased significantly from 70.6% to 51.5%.
An unsupervised learning approach for clustering joint trajectories of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: An application to ADNI Data
Authors: Sönmez Teresa Filshtein , Harvey Danielle J. , Beckett Laurel A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCurrent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression assume a common pattern and pathology, oversimplifying the heterogeneity of clinical AD.METHODSWe define a syndrome as a unique biomarker progression pattern and develop a lag measure to cluster pre‐dementia individuals, reflecting their pathology's multi‐dimensionality. The technique uses the time‐ordering of events to group individuals based on their position along the disease process and the relative positions of their markers.RESULTSAn application using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data highlights the need for our novel approach to clustering individuals into syndrome groups.DISCUSSIONAccurately characterizing biomarker curves associated with brain damage requires an initial step that groups individuals on a syndrome basis, accounting for the heterogeneity of underlying pathologies in clinical AD.Highlights
Developed a novel distance measure and clustering approach for AD biomarker trajectories.
Identified distinct subgroups with different biomarker progression patterns in ADNI data.
Findings challenge the traditional amyloid cascade hypothesis and suggest AD heterogeneity.
Clustering approach accounts for shifts in time and emphasizes progression patterns.
Results have implications for AD diagnosis, targeted interventions, and clinical trials.
Investing in equitable healthy aging: Why Africa must reform social pension schemes to improve Alzheimer's disease and dementia outcomes
Authors: Mostert Cyprian M. , Mekkaoui Najat EL , Ali Shehzad , Trepel Dominic , Randcord Kirti , Udeh‐Momoh Chinedu , Nesic Olivera , Blackmon Karen , Karanja Mary , Thesen Thomas , Andai David , Ayadi Rym , Eyre Harris , Merali Zul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe eligibility criteria for social pension schemes in Africa hinder equitable and healthy aging. In 2019, women in 14 sub‐Saharan African countries had an average life expectancy of 67 years but a healthy life expectancy of only 57 years, leaving them 5 years in poor health before receiving a pension at age 62. Men had a similar situation—a life expectancy of 62 years and a healthy life expectancy of 53 years, spending 10 years in poor health before becoming eligible for pensions at age 63. Many men do not receive pensions due to early death. Delays and low pension payouts contribute to a 2.5% increase in the death rate from Alzheimer's disease and dementia.Highlights
Eligibility criteria for social pension schemes in Africa hinder equitable and healthy aging.
Delays and low pension payouts are associated with worsening death rates from dementia.
Average health life expectancy for both genders should serve as a basis for initiating pension payouts.
Natural language processing‐based classification of early Alzheimer's disease from connected speech
Authors: Balabin Helena , Tamm Bastiaan , Spruyt Laure , Dusart Nathalie , Kabouche Ines , Eycken Ella , Statz Kevin , De Meyer Steffi , Van Hamme Hugo , Dupont Patrick , Moens Marie‐Francine , Vandenberghe Rik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe automated analysis of connected speech using natural language processing (NLP) emerges as a possible biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear which types of connected speech are most sensitive and specific for the detection of AD.METHODSWe applied a language model to automatically transcribed connected speech from 114 Flemish‐speaking individuals to first distinguish early AD patients from amyloid negative cognitively unimpaired (CU) and then amyloid negative from amyloid positive CU individuals using five different types of connected speech.RESULTSThe language model was able to distinguish between amyloid negative CU subjects and AD patients with up to 81.9% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. Discrimination between amyloid positive and negative CU individuals was less accurate, with up to 82.7% sensitivity and 74.0% specificity. Moreover, autobiographical interviews consistently outperformed scene descriptions.DISCUSSIONOur findings highlight the value of autobiographical interviews for the automated analysis of connecting speech.Highlights
This study compared five types of connected speech for the detection of early Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Autobiographical interviews yielded a higher specificity than scene descriptions.
A preceding clinical AD classification task can refine the performance of amyloid status classification in cognitively healthy individuals.
Rigidly Locked Pyrene Excimers in Planar Chiral Pyrenophanes for Intense and Stable Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Bao Lin‐Tao , Zhang Rui‐Hua , Yuan Xiaoyue , Wang Xueli , Wu Peicong , Wang Xu‐Qing , Chen Jinquan , Zhu Anwei , Yang Hai‐Bo , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAiming at the construction of novel platforms with excellent performances in both circularly polarized photoluminescence (CP‐PL) and electrochemiluminescence (CP‐ECL), a new family of pyrenophanes with rigidly locked pyrene dimers and varied bridges has been designed and synthesized. Attributed to densely packed pyrene excimers, the resultant pyrenophanes revealed tunable bridge‐dependent emission behaviors, as investigated by femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. More importantly, all these planar chiral pyrenophanes display strong CP‐PL with large dissymmetry factor (gPL) values up to 0.034, and such excellent performances remain stable in a wide range of solvents, temperatures, and concentrations. Attractively, the highest gECL values up to 0.014 reported so far has been achieved for the CP‐ECL emissions of the chiral pyrenophanes. Attributed to their unique structural features and outstanding CPL performances, these novel pyrenophanes could serve as promising platforms for both fundamental investigations on pyrene excimers and practical applications such as chiral sensing.
CO2 Fertilisation Counteracts the Negative Effect of Poor Water Quality on the Growth and Photosynthesis of a Great Barrier Reef Coralline Alga
Authors: Lewis Bonnie , Bender‐Champ Dorothea , Dove Sophie , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe global problem of ocean acidification and localised decline in water quality are major threats to coral reefs worldwide. This study examined the individual and interactive impacts of global and local stressors by investigating the effects of increased seawater pCO2, elevated nutrient concentrations and reduced light levels on linear growth and metabolic rates of the common branching crustose coralline alga Lithophyllum cf. pygmaeum. We found complex interactions between factors on algal growth and photosynthetic rates, but overall, growth was significantly enhanced by pCO2 enrichment under all light and nutrient combinations. This is the first study to report a positive growth response in coralline algae to elevated pCO2 using linear extension methods. In contrast, the combination of reduced light levels and high nutrient concentrations simulating poor water quality conditions reduced algal growth rates by up to 67% (compared to individuals exposed to high light, low nutrients and elevated pCO2). Decreased light levels reduced linear growth, Pgross and Pnet rates by 33%, 18% and 24%, respectively, highlighting the critical role of light in coralline algal physiology. We suggest that poor water quality may counteract any CO2 fertilisation effect under ocean acidification conditions on the growth of coralline algae, and this has implications for coral reef conservation as it emphasises the importance of improving water quality to maintaining coral reef functions. These results further highlight the need for multifactorial experiments to better understand the interplay between global and local processes on coralline algae growth.
Solid State Self‐Assembly of an Extended Curved‐Arm Nickel(II) Macrocycle with Fullerene C60
Authors: Ling Irene , Norret Marck , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Bond Charles S. , Raston Colin L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThree new co‐crystalline structures are reported that contain fullerene C60 with the under‐represented Ni(II)‐dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene derivative, (5,14‐dihydro‐6,8,15,17‐tetrabenzyl‐2,3,11,12‐tetramethyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclo‐tetradecine)nickel(II), [Ni(Bz4TMTAA)]. The single‐crystal X‐ray analysis shows that the three studied compounds crystallize in the monoclinic C2/c, Pnma orthorhombic and triclinic P
space groups, with the two former compounds being polymorphs that are isostructural but differ in their symmetries. From the crystallographic results, a common packing arrangement is established, with C60 and [Ni(Bz4TMTAA)] molecules organised around one‐dimensional hollow channels, associated 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexation of the macrocycle and the fullerene molecules, the latter being organised into hexagonal arrays. Interestingly, one of the structures showed a skewed hexagonal channel arrangement with the introduction of water molecules. Hirshfeld surface analyses have been used to investigate non‐covalent interactions and cumulative π…π, C−H…π, H…H, and N…C60 interactions between fullerene C60 and [Ni(Bz4TMTAA)] host molecule which are deemed the stabilizing factors for forming the sophisticated arrangements in the solid‐state. differences.