bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Wild Blueberry Polyphenols Bioavailability and Kinetic Profile over 24‐hour Period in Human Subjects
Authors: Zhong Siqiong , Sandhu Amandeep , Edirisinghe Indika , Freeman Britt Burton 
Published: November 2023

Diets abundant in phenolic compounds have been linked to decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. Wild blueberries (WBB) are one of the richest sources of dietary phenolic compounds containing notable amounts of compounds like anthocyanins and chlorogenic acids (CGA). Understanding their metabolic fate may provide insight to their health benefits and protection against chronic disease development. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess bioavailability and biotransformation of WBB anthocyanin and CGA in human plasma over 24 h. Healthy male and female volunteers (n=12) ingested a WBB drink (25 g freeze dried WBB powder) or Control drink with a standard polyphenol free breakfast on 2 separate occasions at least 1 week apart. Blood was collected and plasma extracted at baseline (t=0h), 0.25h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h and 24h. The anthocyanins in the WBB drink and their metabolites in human plasma were identified using HPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF and quantified by dynamic MRM transitions on HPLC‐ESI‐QQQ. A total of 30 anthocyanins were identified in the WBB drink. These included glycosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, petunidin and peonidin. 3‐CGA was also detected and confirmed with standards. All the anthocyanins in the WBB drink were found in plasma as well as 3‐CGA. The bioavailability for delphinidin, cyandin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin were each less than 1% and total bioavailability of WBB anthocyanins was 1.09%. The bioavailability for 3‐CGA was 0.22% after consuming the WBB drink. The Tmax of anthocyanins and 3‐CGA was ~2 h post ingestion. Tmax of phase II metabolites, including petunidin glucuronide, peonidin glucuronide, delphinidin glucuronide and cyanidin glucuronide was ~ 8.8, 2.6, 6.3 and 7 h, respectively. Phenolic acids metabolites, including vanillic acids, ferulic acids, 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, syringic acid were also detected in human plasma during the 24 h period. These results suggest that anthocyanins and CGAs from a WBB drink can be partly absorbed in their intact form and partly transformed to conjugated and degraded metabolites in humans. The data also indicate that there are early phase and late phase appearing metabolites in the blood of humans, which could have important health promoting implications. Future studies will be required to determine how these pools of metabolites impact physiology and the most sensitive systems to their effect.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America. Chemical analysis of clinical samples were conducted at the Institute for Food Safety and Health (Bedford Park, IL, USA). Agilent Technologies, USA, provided instruments, columns and technical services.
Goal Setting, Past Performance and Behavioral Outcomes in a Worksite Wellness Program
Authors: Jarvandi Soghra , Yates Derrick , Donaldson Joseph 
Published: November 2023

We examined the Walk Across TN (WAT) program, offered as a worksite wellness program for University of Tennessee (UT) Extension and Tennessee State University (TSU) Extension employees. WAT is an eight‐week virtual walk across the state, wherein participants form teams of six persons and log their physical activity as miles of walking. The objective of this study was to examine the association between goal setting, past performance in terms of physical activity level, and physical activity outcome during the first four weeks of the program. Participants were recruited from individuals who were registered in the WAT program. Physical activity level was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and categorized as compliers (moderate/high level), and non‐compliers (low level). Participants set their physical activity goal, at baseline, and reported their physical activity on a weekly basis, during the program. Accordingly, we calculated the percentage of the goal achieved during the program. Regression analyses were used to examine the association between weekly physical activity level, self‐set goal and past performance. Models were controlled for age and education. A total of 52 employees (90% female) participated in this study. At baseline, 25 individuals (48%) reported a low level of physical activity, i.e., non‐compliers. During the program, the reported physical activity level, as % of the baseline goal, ranged from −45% to 347% (median = 73%), with no significant difference between compilers and non‐compliers; mean (95% Confidence Interval): 66% (−7%, 140%) vs. 101% (32%, 169%), respectively, p = 0.15. In addition, participants who were compliant with physical activity guidelines at baseline vs. non‐compliers did not differ significantly in terms of the average weekly physical activity level; least‐squares mean (standard error): 18 (4.9) vs. 14 (4.5), p = 0.16. In conclusion, participants with low level of physical activity may benefit from behavioral strategies that improve their motivation, such as group support and goal setting.Support or Funding InformationUniversity of Tennessee Extension, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
Diet‐dependent Plasticity of Changes in Neural Structure and Behavior
Authors: Sawin Emily A , Gonzalez Jose G , Ong Irene M , McIlwain Sean J , Adluru Nagesh , Alexander Andrew L , Yu John‐Paul J 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDietary macronutrient composition influences gut microbiome populations and these resultant microbiome populations influence diffusion tensor measures of neural structure and white matter microstructural integrity as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).ObjectiveTo determine the plasticity of the changes in neural structure and white matter microstructural integrity as previously altered of diet and gut microbiome populations.MethodsWeanling male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to one of four diets, a control diet, a high fat diet, a high fiber diet, or a high protein‐low carbohydrate diet and fed for three weeks and then crossed over to the control diet and fed for an additional 3 weeks. Behavior was assessed using an open field maze and a Y‐maze after the first 3 weeks of feeding and then again at the culmination of the study. Neural structure and white matter integrity were assessed by DTI and global transcriptomic changes were assessed with whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA‐Seq).ResultsDiffusion tensor imaging demonstrated diet‐dependent alterations in neural structure, organization, and white matter integrity. Significant transcriptomic changes are observed when experimental diets are compared to the control diet.ConclusionDiet‐dependent macronutrient composition and corresponding changes in the gut microbiome can influence neural structure and white matter integrity and demonstrates surprising markers of structural, behavioral, and transcriptomic plasticity.
Consuming A Whey Protein Supplement Two Hours After A Low Protein Breakfast Preserves Amino Acid Availability
Authors: Hudson Joshua L. , Paddon‐Jones Douglas , Campbell Wayne W. 
Published: November 2023

Thirty grams of high quality dietary protein is generally needed to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis. However, this generally exceeds the amount of protein consumed at breakfast, in part, due to practical limitations. This issue may be mitigated by consuming an easily preparable whey protein supplement. Amino acids from a whey protein supplement appear sooner in circulation than amino acids from mixed meals. As a result, consuming a whey protein supplement after a low protein‐containing meal may be an effective and convenient means to preserve available amino acids. Therefore, the primary aim of this proof‐of‐concept study is to assess whether consuming a 20 g whey protein supplement 120 min after consuming a 10 g protein breakfast would result in peak and composite postprandial amino acid responses that were not different to a 30 g protein mixed meal breakfast alone. In a randomized, crossover design, 12 subjects (6 males, 6 females; mean ± SEM; age: 29 ± 1 y; BMI: 26.0 ± 1.0 kg/m2) completed three 5‐h acute postprandial feeding trials in which they consumed mixed meal breakfasts containing 10 g of dietary protein (LP), 30 g of dietary protein (HP), and 10 g of dietary protein with an additional 20 g of whey protein isolate consumed 120 minutes after the mixed meal breakfast (WP). Blood samples were collected at times −30, 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 min relative to breakfast intake. Total amino acid (TAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) concentrations peaked 180 min after breakfast consumption in both the WP and HP trials, with greater peak concentrations in the WP trial than in the HP trial. Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and leucine concentrations peaked earlier in the WP trial than in the HP trial (180 versus 240 min, respectively) and were greater in the WP versus HP trials. Composite iAUCpos over 300 min for TAA and all the amino acid subfractions were greater in the HP than LP trial, during which the postprandial amino acid concentrations did not increase above baseline. HP and WP trial composite iAUCpos over 300 min were not different for TAA, EAA, and BCAA and leucine iAUCpos was ~91% greater in the WP than HP trial. Therefore, the WP trial iAUCpos may be predominantly attributable to the whey protein supplement consumed 2 hours after the low‐protein containing breakfast. In conclusion, there was no increase in amino acid availability when consuming a 10 g protein breakfast and amino acid availability was not different when either consuming a single isonitrogenous high protein‐containing breakfast or supplementing whey protein 2 hours after a low protein‐containing breakfast. Consuming a whey protein supplement 2 hours after a low‐protein breakfast may provide a convenient method to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis without having to consume a high protein‐containing breakfast.Support or Funding InformationPurdue University, Ingestive Behavioral Research Center and Lynn Fellowship to JLH
Post‐prandial protein handling following ingestion of different amounts of protein during post‐exercise recovery in older males
Authors: Holwerda Andrew M. , Paulussen Kevin J. M. , Overkamp Maarten , Goessens Joy P. B. , Kramer Irene‐Fleur , Wodzig Will K. W. H. , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J. C. 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe age‐related decline in skeletal muscle mass is, at least partly, attributed to anabolic resistance to food intake. Resistance‐type exercise sensitizes skeletal muscle tissue to the anabolic properties of amino acids. Data are warranted to define the amount of ingested protein needed to maximize post‐exercise myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in older individuals.MethodsIn a parallel group design, forty‐eight healthy older men (66±1 y) were randomly assigned to ingest 0, 15, 30 or 45 g milk protein concentrate (MPC80) after performing a single bout of resistance type exercise. Post‐prandial protein digestion and absorption kinetics, whole body protein metabolism and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were assessed using primed, continuous infusions of L‐[ring‐2H5]‐phenylalanine and L‐[ring‐2H2]‐tyrosine combined with the ingestion of intrinsically L‐[1‐13C]‐phenylalanine labeled milk protein.ResultsA total of 76±2% (11.4±0.3 g), 63±3% (18.9±0.9 g) and 60±3% (26.8±1.2 g) of the protein derived amino acids were released in the circulation during 6 h after ingesting 15, 30 or 45 g protein (P<0.01). Ingestion of 15, 30 and 45 g protein resulted in higher whole‐body protein synthesis when compared to the control treatment (0.61±0.01, 0.64±0.01 and 0.67±0.02 vs 0.53±0.02 μmol·Phe·kg−1·min−1, respectively; P<0.01). Whole body protein breakdown rates were lower after ingestion of 45 g when compared with 0 g (0.45±0.01 vs 0.52±0.02 μmol·Phe·kg−1·min−1; P<0.01). Whole‐body protein oxidation rates were increased after ingestion of 45 g when compared with 15 g and 0 g protein (0.061±0.003 vs 0.050±0.003 and 0.046±0.002 μmol Phe·kg−1·min−1, respectively; P<0.05). Whole‐body protein balance increased in a dose‐dependent manner after the ingestion of 0, 15, 30 and 45 g protein (0.02±0.0, 0.11±0.0, 0.16±0.01, and 0.22±0.01 μmol·Phe·kg−1·min−1, respectively; P<0.001). Muscle tissue analyses are currently being performed.ConclusionsDietary protein ingested after resistance‐type exercise is rapidly digested and absorbed, with 60–75% of the protein derived amino acids being released into the circulation within 6 h after ingestion. Whole body protein synthesis rates and net protein balance are increased in a dose‐dependent manner following the ingestion of 15, 30 and 45 g milk protein in older males.
Evaluation of an Innovative Feeding Toolkit to Improve Complementary Feeding and Child Growth in Rural Malawi
Authors: Faerber Emily C. , Ko Jasmine , Weiss Jennifer , Girard Amy Webb 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundInadequate complementary feeding (CF) is recognized as a cause of growth failure, but there is considerable variability in the ability of interventions to impact growth through CF practices.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a feeding toolkit which aims to improve child growth through improved meal frequency, meal volume and food consistency in rural Malawi.MethodsHouseholds in Mchinji district, Malawi with a child aged 6 to 17 months were selected via single stage cluster sampling based on caregivers' participation in community women's groups; 923 households from 53 communities completed a baseline survey in July/August 2015 and an endline survey in June 2016. In October/November of 2015, women's groups were randomized to either the intervention or control, with households in intervention communities eligible to receive a feeding toolkit consisting of a feeding bowl with demarcations and symbols that cued age‐appropriate meal frequency and volume; a slotted spoon designed to promote optimal porridge consistency; and nutrition education. Caregivers in the control groups received nutrition education. Logistic and linear regression was used to assess the impact of the feeding toolkit on CF practices and changes in child weight‐ and height‐for‐age (WAZ, HAZ) and weight‐for‐height (WHZ) z‐scores adjusted for covariates.ResultsThe mean child age at endline was 21.3 ± 3.3 months, with 51% female. Receipt of the toolkit was associated with increased meal volume (β=30 ml, 95% CI 14 ml, 46 ml) but not with the odds of meeting minimum dietary diversity (P=0.6) or minimum acceptable diet (P=0.7). There was evidence of interaction between toolkit receipt and food security for minimum meal frequency (P=0.06) and consistency (P=0.07). The toolkit improved odds of minimum meal frequency (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.10, 2.16) and was associated with increased meal thickness (β=0.24, 95% CI 0.12, 0.36) but only among moderate or severely food insecure households. There was a trend toward improved HAZ in children who received the toolkit (β=0.12, 95% CI=−0.01, 0.26, P = 0.07), but there were no associations with WAZ (P=0.6) or WHZ (P=0.3).ConclusionA feeding bowl and spoon with nutrition education was associated with improved meal volume in all households, and improved meal frequency and consistency in the most food insecure households. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of such an intervention on linear growth.Support or Funding InformationFunding and support for this research was provided by Concern Worldwide; Malawi Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS; World Bank; Emory Global Health Institute; Laney Graduate School, Emory University; and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease of the National Institutes of Health under award number T32DK007734.
Intestinal Microbiota and Host Metabolism Respond Differentially in Lean and Obese Individuals Following Six‐Week Consumption of Galloyl Derivatives from Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Pulp
Authors: Kim Hyemee , Barnes Ryan , Fang Chuo , Talcott Stephen , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne 
Published: November 2023

Obesity‐associated inflammation has been an increasing concern in public health. This study investigated changes in the gut microbiome, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of galloyl metabolites, and anti‐inflammatory activities in lean and obese subjects in a randomized pilot study. Twelve lean (Average BMI=22.34) and nine obese (Average BMI=33.42) subjects were enrolled and administrated 400g of mango daily for six weeks. Plasma samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours after mango consumption on days 1 and 42. Gut microbiota composition in stool samples was measured using qPCR and biomarkers for inflammatory conditions in plasma were determined using a multiplex bead assay. After six weeks of mango consumption, plasma concentrations of galloyl metabolites increased in all subjects. Plasma in lean subjects contained 2.4 times higher levels of polyphenols compared to obese subjects, including pyrogallol derivatives. As shown in qPCR, the levels of pyrogallol‐producing microbiota, Aspergillus oryzae and Lactococcus lactis were significantly lower in obese subjects compared to lean subjects on the baseline, but the levels were increased in obese subjects to match the lean subjects after six weeks. The levels of Bifidobacterium Spp. were not significantly changed, but directly correlated with the amount of galloyl metabolites found in plasma (p=0.0243, r=0.36, Spearman correlation). The levels of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Clostridium leptum, microbiota associated with obesity, were significantly higher in obese subjects compared to lean subjects on the baseline, but decreased after six weeks of mango intake. In obese subjects, plasma concentrations (AUC0‐8h) of IL‐8 and MCP‐1 were significantly decreased after six weeks, while there were no changes in lean subjects. The plasma concentrations (AUC0‐8h) of IL‐10 were significantly higher in lean subjects compared to obese subjects and correlated with the amount of galloyl metabolites found in plasma (p=0.0218, r=0.38, Spearman correlation). These results indicate that obese individuals do not exhibit the same level of adaptive absorption and metabolism as lean subjects, but still benefit from a decrease of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and MCP‐1). The observed changes may in part be due to differences in gut microbiota composition and metabolism.Support or Funding InformationPartial funding for this research was provided by: National Mango Board
A prospective study of taste and smell dysfunctions and the risk of hypertension
Authors: Liu Yi‐Hsuan , Huang Zhe , Vaidya Anand , Li Junjuan , Chen Yichi , Curhan Gary , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that olfactory receptors, which mediate smell chemosensation, are also located in the kidney and involved in regulating blood pressure. Mammalian epithelial sodium channel located in taste receptor cells has also been found to participate in blood pressure regulation. However, there is currently no human study that has examined the association between taste and smell functions and hypertension development.ObjectiveWe prospectively examined the association between taste and smell functions and the risk of hypertension in a community‐based cohort. We hypothesized that participants with taste and smell dysfunctions had higher risk of developing hypertension.MethodsThe study included 6,482 Chinese adults (5,114 men and 1,368 women) who were free of hypertension in 2012 (baseline). Chronic taste and smell dysfunction data were collected in 2012 by using questionnaire containing self‐reported problems with the sense of taste and smell from National Health Interview Survey. Newly developed hypertension was evaluated in 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension, across three categories of dysfunction, based on the number of taste and smell dysfunctions (ranged from 0 to 2), were calculated by using logistic regression, after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, education level, income status, work environment, physical activity level, salt intake, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, diabetes, dyslipidemia, C‐reactive protein (CRP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and blood pressure in 2012.ResultsWe documented 1,338 incident hypertension cases within two‐year period. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with both taste and smell dysfunctions had increased risk of developing hypertension (adjusted OR=2.25; 95% CI: 1.08–4.69) and faster increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) relative to those without taste and smell dysfunction.ConclusionWe found that participants with self‐reported taste and smell dysfunctions had higher risk of developing hypertension independent of known risk factors, suggesting an association between chemosensory functions and blood pressure regulation.
Association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of breast cancer: findings from the Sister Study
Authors: PARK YONG‐MOON , Shivappa Nitin , Petimar Joshua , Steck Susan , Hébert James , Sandler Dale 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIt has recently been suggested that the inflammatory potential of diet may influence the risk of breast cancer. However, few studies have investigated associations for pre‐versus post‐menopausal breast cancer or considered effect modification by obesity.MethodsEnergy adjusted‐Dietary Inflammatory Index (E‐DII)TM was calculated for 49,731 Sister Study cohort participants who completed a validated 146‐item food frequency questionnaire at enrollment in 2003–2009. Women aged 35 to 74 years in the U.S. and Puerto Rico were eligible if they had a sister who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. High DII scores represent a more pro‐inflammatory diet. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer risk by E‐DII quartiles, after adjusting for potential confounders including known risk factors for breast cancer. Breast cancer subtypes were based on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Time‐varying menopausal status was considered.ResultsDuring follow‐up (mean, 7.6 years), 2,155 breast cancers were diagnosed at least 1 year after enrollment. E‐DII scores were not associated with overall or invasive breast cancer (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile: 1.11 [95% CI, 0.96–1.29]; 1.14 [95% CI, 0.95–1.35], respectively), although there was a positive association between E‐DII scores and ER‐PR‐breast cancer (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile: 1.69 [95% CI, 1.02–2.80], Ptrend = 0.06). E‐DII scores were associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile: 1.20 [95% CI, 1.01–1.42], Ptrend = 0.04) and ER‐PR‐invasive postmenopausal breast cancer (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile: 2.06 [95% CI, 1.19–3.58], Ptrend = 0.01). E‐DII scores were not associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women. Obese women (i.e., those with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) had increased risk of overall and invasive breast cancer with increasing E‐DII scores (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile: 1.42 [95% CI, 1.07–1.90], Ptrend = 0.04; 1.54 [95% CI, 1.11–2.13], Ptrend = 0.02, respectively), which was not observed in non‐obese women. Similarly, E‐DII was more strongly associated with breast cancer among women with waist circumference ≥ 88 cm.ConclusionOur findings suggest that dietary inflammatory potential may differentially influence the risk of breast cancer by menopausal status, breast cancer subtype, and adiposity phenotypes.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01‐ES044005).