bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Quantifying Parameter Uncertainty of Co‐Seismic Non‐Classical Nonlinearity in Rocks
Authors: Niu Zihua , Gabriel Alice‐Agnes , Seelinger Linus , Igel Heiner 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDynamic perturbations reveal unconventional nonlinear behavior in rocks, as evidenced by field and laboratory studies. During the passage of seismic waves, rocks exhibit a decrease in elastic moduli, slowly recovering after. Yet, comprehensive physical models describing these moduli alterations remain sparse and insufficiently validated against observations. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of two physical damage models—the internal variable model (IVM) and the continuum damage model (CDM)—to provide quantitative descriptions of nonlinear co‐seismic elastic wave propagation observations. While the IVM uses one internal variable to describe the evolution of elastic material moduli, the CDM damage variable is a mathematical representation of microscopic defects. We recast the IVM and CDM models as nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations and implement 1D and 2D numerical simulations using an arbitrary high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method. We verify the modeling results with co‐propagating acousto‐elastic experimental measurements. Subsequently, we infer the parameters for these nonlinear models from laboratory experiments using probabilistic Bayesian inversion and 2D simulations. By adopting the Adaptive Metropolis Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we quantify the uncertainties of inferred parameters for both physical models, investigating their interplay in 70,000 simulations. We find that the damage variables can trade off with the stress‐strain nonlinearity in discernible ways. We discuss physical interpretations of both damage models and that our CDM quantitatively captures an observed damage increase with perturbation frequency. Our results contribute to a more holistic understanding of co‐seismic damage and post‐seismic recovery after earthquakes bridging the worlds of theoretical analysis and laboratory findings.
Active Seismic Refraction, Reflection, and Surface‐Wave Surveys in Thick Debris‐Covered Glacial Environments
Authors: Kuehn Tyler , Holt John W. , Johnson Roy , Meng Tyler 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDebris‐covered glaciers (DCG) and rock glaciers have been increasingly studied in recent years because of the role they play within local watersheds, glacial ablation models due to climate change, and as analogs for buried ice features on planetary bodies such as Mars. Characterizing the supraglacial debris layer is a large part of these efforts. Geophysical exploration of DCG has mostly excluded active seismic methods, with the exception of refraction studies, due to the attenuating properties of the debris cover and field survey efficiency. We evaluate the accuracy, field efficiency, and effectiveness of seismic refraction, reflection, and surface‐wave surveys for determining the elastic properties of the debris layer and any underlying layers on DCG using the Sourdough Rock Glacier in Southcentral Alaska as a test site. We provide evidence for imaging an ultra‐shallow seismic reflection from the bottom of the loose debris layer using ultra‐dense receiver arrays and compare it to ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) images taken along the same profiles. We also detail how reliable dispersion curve images can be extracted from the surface wave package of the seismic data using the multi‐channel analysis of surface waves technique, which allows for the (s)‐wave profile to be inverted for. We find this could be a valuable addition to the toolbox of future geophysical investigations on DCG.
Carbon Stocks and Potential Greenhouse Gas Production of Permafrost‐Affected Active Floodplains in the Lena River Delta
Authors: Herbst Tanja , Fuchs Matthias , Liebner Susanne , Treat Claire C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArctic warming increases the degradation of permafrost soils but little is known about floodplain soils in the permafrost region. This study quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen stocks, and the potential CH4 and CO2 production from seven cores in the active floodplains in the Lena River Delta, Russia. The soils were sandy but highly heterogeneous, containing deep, organic rich deposits with >60% SOC stored below 30 cm. The mean SOC stocks in the top 1 m were 12.9 ± 6.0 kg C m−2. Grain size analysis and radiocarbon ages indicated highly dynamic environments with sediment re‐working. Potential CH4 and CO2 production from active floodplains was assessed using a 1‐year incubation at 20°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cumulative aerobic CO2 production mineralized a mean 4.6 ± 2.8% of initial SOC. The mean cumulative aerobic:anaerobic C production ratio was 2.3 ± 0.9. Anaerobic CH4 production comprised 50 ± 9% of anaerobic C mineralization; rates were comparable or exceeded those for permafrost region organic soils. Potential C production from the incubations was correlated with total organic carbon and varied strongly over space (among cores) and depth (active layer vs. permafrost). This study provides valuable information on the carbon cycle dynamics from active floodplains in the Lena River Delta and highlights the key spatial variability, both among sites and with depth, and the need to include these dynamic permafrost environments in future estimates of the permafrost carbon‐climate feedback.
Characterizing Plasma Peak Density Thickness in the Ionosphere: A Single‐Site Multi‐Instrument Study
Authors: Shammat Mohamed O. , Reinisch Bodo W. , Galkin Ivan , Erickson Philip J. , Weitzen Jay A. , Rideout William C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the Peak Density Thickness (PDT) formalism, a novel approach to representing the F2 layer's vertical electron density profile in the ionosphere. It diverges from the conventional “pointed‐peak” model by suggesting a “broad‐peak” or “flat‐nose” profile where plasma density remains constant within an altitude interval χ. This theory is backed by independent observations, including a comprehensive data set from the Millstone Hill Incoherent Scatter Radar at the MIT Haystack observatory, spanning from 1993 to 2023, which illustrates the presence and diurnal variation of PDT. A single‐day intensive cross‐verification using Digisonde Portable Sounder DPS4D soundings of the sub‐peak ionosphere has shown remarkable agreement in the measurements of the lower boundary of the χ interval and the peak density. This study suggests incorporating the flat‐nose section χ into the F‐region profile formalism. Such a shift could improve the accuracy of topside specifications derived from ground‐based ionosonde measurements, enhancing our understanding of ionospheric plasma dynamics.
Predicting Streamflow Duration From Crowd‐Sourced Flow Observations
Authors: Peterson David A. , Kampf Stephanie K. , Puntenney‐Desmond Kira C. , Fairchild Matthew P. , Zipper Sam , Hammond John C. , Ross Matthew R. V. , Sears Megan G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStreamflow duration is important for aquatic ecosystems and assigning stream protection status. This study predicts streamflow duration, represented as the fraction of time with flow each year, using a combination of sensor data and crowd‐sourced visual observations for a study area in northern Colorado, USA. We used 11 stream stage sensors and 177 visual monitoring points to examine how frequently streams should be sampled to compute flow fractions accurately. This showed that the number of visual observations needed to compute accurate flow fractions increases with decreasing flow duration. We then developed random forest models to predict mean annual flow fractions using climate, topographic, and land cover predictors and found that snow persistence, summer precipitation, and drainage area were important predictors. Model performance was best when using sites with ≥10 visual observations. Our model predicts that almost all (98%) of streams in the study region are non‐perennial, about 10% more than the amount of non‐perennial streams in the National Hydrography Dataset. Stream type maps are sensitive to the time period of data collection and to thresholds used to represent perennial versus non‐perennial flow. To improve maps of non‐perennial streams, we recommend moving beyond categorical classification of streams to a continuous variable like flow fraction. These efforts can be best supported with frequent observations in time that span streams with a wide range of flow fractions and drainage area attributes.
Hydrodynamics, Diagenesis and Hypoxia Variably Drive Benthic Oxygen Flux in a River‐Reservoir System
Authors: Zhang Yuanning , Gao Xueping , Sun Bowen , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBenthic oxygen flux with complex spatiotemporal variations is essential for the global budget of carbon dioxide and the regional security of water quality and ecology, but its dominant driver under different circumstances has yet to be identified. In this study, a parametric scheme of oxygen flux was proposed and validated with aquatic eddy correlation measurements and then coupled with a diagenesis model and a water environment model. The coupled model was applied to a river‐reservoir with significant environmental gradients in hydrodynamics, diagenesis, and hypoxia, which are three factors that competitively drive the variation in benthic oxygen flux. The results indicate that hydrodynamics dominate the flux in the riverine and thalweg areas, diagenesis is the dominant driver of the lacustrine and bank areas, and hypoxia shows dominance only in the hypolimnetic anoxic area. In general, diagenesis is the dominant driver of oxygen flux in river‐reservoirs, followed by hydrodynamics, both of which are more prominent than hypoxia. If the operated reservoir experiences a wet year, the dominance of hydrodynamics tends to increase, while that of diagenesis and hypoxia decreases. The three divers exhibit similar but more stable dominance in riverine systems than in reservoirs, while diagenesis becomes the exclusive driver of oxygen fluxes in lacustrine systems.
Colloid Transport and Retention in Constricted Tube Pore Spaces With Diverse Geometries and Orientations
Authors: Tang Darrell , Raoof Amir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractColloidal contaminants infiltrate and can be attached onto grain surfaces of soils and aquifers, where they may persist. In this study, Lagrangian particle tracking is used to investigate particle trajectories and attachment in pore and fracture spaces modeled as three‐dimensional constricted tubes with diverse geometries and orientations relative to gravity. A comprehensive force balance arising from hydrodynamic drag and lift, gravitational settling, Brownian motion, and attractive DLVO interactions is simulated. Results show that the collection efficiency η is primarily governed by the dimensionless settling number 𝑆, representing the relative dominance of gravitational over hydrodynamic forces experienced by the particles. High‐𝑆 scenarios have larger η and are more sensitive to pore orientation, while low‐𝑆 scenarios are more sensitive to pore geometry. For all scenarios but especially low‐S scenarios, the majority of colloid attachment occurs near pore extremities, where fluid velocities are low, such that mechanical remobilization of particles attached is improbable. In low‐𝑆 scenarios, particles may spread and become immobilized at greater distances from the contamination source owing to lower η, are harder to mechanically remobilize as they attach more disproportionately at pore extremities, and have trajectories more sensitive to minor forces, rendering their environmental fates complex. Characterizing the collection efficiency and deposition morphology for various pore space geometries and orientations is crucial in understanding particle fate and developing continuum‐scale models of colloid transport in real soils, where pore spaces are heterogeneous and advection paths are tortuous.
Free-moving-state microscopic imaging of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics with a photoacoustic fiberscope
Authors: Zhong Xiaoxuan , Liang Yizhi , Wang Xiaoyu , Lan Haoying , Bai Xue , Jin Long , Guan Bai-Ou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe report the development of a head-mounted photoacoustic fiberscope for cerebral imaging in a freely behaving mouse. The 4.5-gram imaging probe has a 9-µm lateral resolution and 0.2-Hz frame rate over a 1.2-mm wide area. The probe can continuously monitor cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic responses at single-vessel resolution, showing significantly different cerebrovascular responses to external stimuli under anesthesia and in the freely moving state. For example, when subjected to high-concentration CO2 respiration, enhanced oxygenation to compensate for hypercapnia can be visualized due to cerebral regulation in the freely moving state. Comparative studies exhibit significantly weakened compensation capabilities in obese rodents. This new imaging modality can be used for investigating both normal and pathological cerebrovascular functions and shows great promise for studying cerebral activity, disorders and their treatments.
Single-emitter super-resolved imaging of radiative decay rate enhancement in dielectric gap nanoantennas
Authors: Córdova-Castro R. Margoth , van Dam Bart , Lauri Alberto , Maier Stefan A. , Sapienza Riccardo , De Wilde Yannick , Izeddin Ignacio , Krachmalnicoff Valentina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh refractive index dielectric nanoantennas strongly modify the decay rate via the Purcell effect through the design of radiative channels. Due to their dielectric nature, the field is mainly confined inside the nanostructure and in the gap, which is hard to probe with scanning probe techniques. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (smFLIM) to map the decay rate enhancement in dielectric GaP nanoantenna dimers with a median localization precision of 14 nm. We measure, in the gap of the nanoantenna, decay rates that are almost 30 times larger than on a glass substrate. By comparing experimental results with numerical simulations we show that this large enhancement is essentially radiative, contrary to the case of plasmonic nanoantennas, and therefore has great potential for applications such as quantum optics and biosensing.
Laser manufacturing of spatial resolution approaching quantum limit
Authors: Wang Xiao-Jie , Fang Hong-Hua , Li Zhen-Ze , Wang Dan , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAtomic and close-to-atom scale manufacturing is a promising avenue toward single-photon emitters, single-electron transistors, single-atom memory, and quantum-bit devices for future communication, computation, and sensing applications. Laser manufacturing is outstanding to this end for ease of beam manipulation, batch production, and no requirement for photomasks. It is, however, suffering from optical diffraction limits. Herein, we report a spatial resolution improved to the quantum limit by exploiting a threshold tracing and lock-in method, whereby the two-order gap between atomic point defect complexes and optical diffraction limit is surpassed, and a feature size of <5 nm is realized. The underlying physics is that the uncertainty of local atom thermal motion dominates electron excitation, rather than the power density slope of the incident laser. We show that the colour centre yield in hexagonal boron nitride is transformed from stochastic to deterministic, and the emission from individual sites becomes polychromatic to monochromatic. As a result, single colour centres in the regular array are deterministically created with a unity yield and high positional accuracy, serving as a step forward for integrated quantum technological applications.
Biomimetic chiral hydrogen-bonded organic-inorganic frameworks
Authors: Guo Jun , Duan Yulong , Jia Yunling , Zhao Zelong , Gao Xiaoqing , Liu Pai , Li Fangfang , Chen Hongli , Ye Yutong , Liu Yujiao , Zhao Meiting , Tang Zhiyong , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAssembly ubiquitously occurs in nature and gives birth to numerous functional biomaterials and sophisticated organisms. In this work, chiral hydrogen-bonded organic-inorganic frameworks (HOIFs) are synthesized via biomimicking the self-assembly process from amino acids to proteins. Enjoying the homohelical configurations analogous to α-helix, the HOIFs exhibit remarkable chiroptical activity including the chiral fluorescence (glum = 1.7 × 10−3) that is untouched among the previously reported hydrogen-bonded frameworks. Benefitting from the dynamic feature of hydrogen bonding, HOIFs enable enantio-discrimination of chiral aliphatic substrates with imperceivable steric discrepancy based on fluorescent change. Moreover, the disassembled HOIFs after recognition applications are capable of being facilely regenerated and self-purified via aprotic solvent-induced reassembly, leading to at least three consecutive cycles without losing the enantioselectivity. The underlying mechanism of chirality bias is decoded by the experimental isothermal titration calorimetry together with theoretic simulation.
Myeloid-derived grancalcin instigates obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflammation in male mice
Authors: Su Tian , He Yue , Huang Yan , Ye Mingsheng , Guo Qi , Xiao Ye , Cai Guangping , Chen Linyun , Li Changjun , Zhou Haiyan , Luo Xianghang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe crosstalk between the bone and adipose tissue is known to orchestrate metabolic homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Herein, we find that GCA + (grancalcin) immune cells accumulate in the bone marrow and release a considerable amount of GCA into circulation during obesity. Genetic deletion of Gca in myeloid cells attenuates metabolic dysfunction in obese male mice, whereas injection of recombinant GCA into male mice causes adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that GCA binds to the Prohibitin-2 (PHB2) receptor on adipocytes and activates the innate and adaptive immune response of adipocytes via the PAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway, thus provoking the infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. Moreover, we show that GCA-neutralizing antibodies improve adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity in obese male mice. Together, these observations define a mechanism whereby bone marrow factor GCA initiates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, showing that GCA could be a potential target to treat metainflammation.
TMIGD2 is an orchestrator and therapeutic target on human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Wang Hao , Sica R. Alejandro , Kaur Gurbakhash , Galbo Phillip M. , Jing Zhixin , Nishimura Christopher D. , Ren Xiaoxin , Tanwar Ankit , Etemad-Gilbertson Bijan , Will Britta , Zheng Deyou , Fooksman David , Zang Xingxing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is initiated and sustained by a hierarchy of leukemia stem cells (LSCs), and elimination of this cell population is required for curative therapies. Here we show that transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (TMIGD2), a recently discovered co-stimulatory immune receptor, is aberrantly expressed by human AML cells, and can be used to identify and enrich functional LSCs. We demonstrate that TMIGD2 is required for the development and maintenance of AML and self-renewal of LSCs but is not essential for normal hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, TMIGD2 promotes proliferation, blocks myeloid differentiation and increases cell-cycle of AML cells via an ERK1/2-p90RSK-CREB signaling axis. Targeting TMIGD2 signaling with anti-TMIGD2 monoclonal antibodies attenuates LSC self-renewal and reduces leukemia burden in AML patient-derived xenograft models but has negligible effect on normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Thus, our studies reveal the function of TMIGD2 in LSCs and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for AML.
Planar hyperbolic polaritons in 2D van der Waals materials
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Kumar Anshuman , Dai Siyuan , Lin Xiao , Jacob Zubin , Oh Sang-Hyun , Menon Vinod , Narimanov Evgenii , Kim Young Duck , Wang Jian-Ping , Avouris Phaedon , Martin Moreno Luis , Caldwell Joshua , Low Tony 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAnisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons.
Tuning parameters for polygenic risk score methods using GWAS summary statistics from training data
Authors: Jiang Wei , Chen Ling , Girgenti Matthew J. , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVarious polygenic risk scores (PRS) methods have been proposed to combine the estimated effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict genetic risks for common diseases, using data collected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Some methods require external individual-level GWAS dataset for parameter tuning, posing privacy and security-related concerns. Leaving out partial data for parameter tuning can also reduce model prediction accuracy. In this article, we propose PRStuning, a method that tunes parameters for different PRS methods using GWAS summary statistics from the training data. PRStuning predicts the PRS performance with different parameters, and then selects the best-performing parameters. Because directly using training data effects tends to overestimate the performance in the testing data, we adopt an empirical Bayes approach to shrinking the predicted performance in accordance with the genetic architecture of the disease. Extensive simulations and real data applications demonstrate PRStuning’s accuracy across PRS methods and parameters.
Bionic artificial skin with a fully implantable wireless tactile sensory system for wound healing and restoring skin tactile function
Authors: Kang Kyowon , Ye Seongryeol , Jeong Chanho , Jeong Jinmo , Ye Yeong-sinn , Jeong Jin-Young , Kim Yu-Jin , Lim Selin , Kim Tae Hee , Kim Kyung Yeun , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Gwan In , Chun Do Hoon , Kim Kiho , Park Jaejin , Hong Jung-Hoon , Park Byeonghak , Kim Kyubeen , Jung Sujin , Baek Kyeongrim , Cho Dongjun , Yoo Jin , Lee Kangwon , Cheng Huanyu , Min Byung-Wook , Kim Hyun Jae , Jeon Hojeong , Yi Hyunjung , Kim Tae-il , Yu Ki Jun , Jung Youngmee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTactile function is essential for human life as it enables us to recognize texture and respond to external stimuli, including potential threats with sharp objects that may result in punctures or lacerations. Severe skin damage caused by severe burns, skin cancer, chemical accidents, and industrial accidents damage the structure of the skin tissue as well as the nerve system, resulting in permanent tactile sensory dysfunction, which significantly impacts an individual’s daily life. Here, we introduce a fully-implantable wireless powered tactile sensory system embedded artificial skin (WTSA), with stable operation, to restore permanently damaged tactile function and promote wound healing for regenerating severely damaged skin. The fabricated WTSA facilitates (i) replacement of severely damaged tactile sensory with broad biocompatibility, (ii) promoting of skin wound healing and regeneration through collagen and fibrin-based artificial skin (CFAS), and (iii) minimization of foreign body reaction via hydrogel coating on neural interface electrodes. Furthermore, the WTSA shows a stable operation as a sensory system as evidenced by the quantitative analysis of leg movement angle and electromyogram (EMG) signals in response to varying intensities of applied pressures.