bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmet Dental Needs in Children Following Suspension of School‐Based Oral Health Services Due to COVID‐19
Authors: Ruff Ryan R. , Barry Godín Tamarinda J. , Whittemore Rachel , Murray Small Topaz , Santiago‐Galvin Nydia , Sharma Priyanka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDental caries (tooth decay) is the world's most prevalent noncommunicable disease and can lead to pain, infection, and edentulism. Many children with caries lack access to traditional dental services. School‐based caries prevention can increase access to care and reduce health inequities. Disruptions in school‐based care due to pandemic control policies may result in children losing access to their primary dental care option.MethodsThe CariedAway project was a school‐based caries prevention program in operation from 2019 to 2023 in urban schools with a high proportion of low‐income, minority students. Program operations were suspended for 2 years due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We estimated the prevalence of untreated decay, swelling, fistula, and pulpal involvement in participants at baseline and again after restrictions were lifted.ResultsA total of 2998 children between the ages of 5 and 13 years were enrolled and received preventive care prior to pandemic shutdowns, and 1398 (47%) completed a follow‐up observation after 2 years. At baseline, approximately 30% had untreated caries on any dentition, 11% of children presented with evidence of dental sealants, and no participants had swelling, fistula, or pulpal involvement. After 24 months, 12% of participants had swelling fistula, or pulpal involvement that was not treated during the pandemic period.ConclusionThere are considerable unmet dental needs in high‐risk children that may be further exacerbated by a lack of access to care during disease outbreaks.
Accuracy of three diagnostic tests to detect tooth resorption in unowned unsocialised cats in Denmark
Authors: Eriksson J. , Denwood M. , Nielsen S. S. , McEvoy F. , Allberg C. , Thuesen I. S. , Kortegaard H. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo estimate the relative diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of oral clinical examination, full‐mouth dental radiography, and cone‐beam CT for the detection of tooth resorption in cats, and to estimate the prevalence of tooth resorption in unowned, unsocialised cats in Denmark.Materials and MethodsCadavers of 144 adult cats underwent an oral examination, full‐mouth dental radiography, and cone‐beam CT. Sensitivity and specificity of the three tests, along with the true prevalence, overall and stratified by sex and tooth location, were estimated using latent class methods.ResultsWe found cone‐beam CT to be the superior image modality, with a sensitivity of 99.5% and a specificity of 99.8%. Dental radiography had a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 100%, and oral clinical examination had a sensitivity of only 36.0% and specificity of 99.9%. We estimated the prevalence of tooth resorption among unowned unsocialised cats in Denmark to be 40% of adult individuals, and 6.1% of teeth.Clinical SignificanceWhen dealing with tooth resorption, cone‐beam CT can help the operator to find and treat affected teeth that could otherwise go undiagnosed. The prevalence of tooth resorption among unowned, unsocialised cats in Denmark does not appear to differ from other populations of cats.
Bright individuals: Applications of fluorescent protein‐based reporter systems in single‐cell cellular microbiology
Authors: Schulte Marc , Grotheer Luisa , Hensel Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractActivation and function of virulence functions of bacterial pathogens are highly dynamic in time and space, and can show considerable heterogeneity between individual cells in pathogen populations. To investigate the complex events in host–pathogen interactions, single cell analyses are required. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are excellent tools to follow the fate of individual bacterial cells during infection, and can also be deployed to use the pathogen as a sensor for its specific environment in host cells or host organisms. This Resources describes design and applications of dual fluorescence reporters (DFR) in cellular microbiology. DFR feature constitutively expressed FPs for detection of bacterial cells, and FPs expressed by an environmentally regulated promoter for interrogation of niche‐specific cues or nutritional parameters. Variations of the basic design allow the generation of DFR that can be used to analyze, on single cell level, bacterial proliferation during infection, subcellular localization of intracellular bacteria, stress response, or persister state. We describe basic considerations for DFR design and review recent applications of DFR in cellular microbiology.
Impact of skilled labour migration on energy, environment and economic growth in home and host countries: A computable general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Abbas Shujaat , Nejati Mehdi , Taleghani Fatemeh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe migration of both unskilled and skilled labour force can alter economic conditions and environmental sustainability of both host and home countries. Consequently, this study endeavors to investigate the impact of skilled labour migration on economic growth, energy demand, and environmental sustainability of both home and host countries. This objective is achieved by constructing a multiregional computable general equilibrium model for developed and developing countries. Moreover, developing countries are classified into four distinct groups based on their income levels such as high income, upper middle income, lower middle‐income and low‐income countries. The outcome of policy simulations indicate that skilled labour migration diminishes the gross domestic product, welfare, energy consumption and carbon emissions in home countries, and the reverse is true for the host countries. The influx of remittances to home counties is shown to bolster their economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, whereas a contrary trend in remittance outflow is observed in host countries. Likewise, reverse migration has the potential to augment economic growth in developing countries alongside an increase in energy demand and CO2 emissions. The study advocates for developed countries to harness the skills of immigrants in environment‐friendly manufacturing industries. Furthermore, it emphasizes that developing countries should utilise remittances for both socio‐economic and environmental development to retain the migration of skilled labour forces.
Bark structure is coordinated with xylem hydraulic properties in branches of five Cupressaceae species
Authors: Jupa Radek , Rosell Julieta A. , Pittermann Jarmila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe properties of bark and xylem contribute to tree growth and survival under drought and other types of stress conditions. However, little is known about the functional coordination of the xylem and bark despite the influence of selection on both structures in response to drought. To this end, we examined relationships between proportions of bark components (i.e. thicknesses of tissues outside the vascular cambium) and xylem transport properties in juvenile branches of five Cupressaceae species, focusing on transport efficiency and safety from hydraulic failure via drought‐induced embolism. Both xylem efficiency and safety were correlated with multiple bark traits, suggesting that xylem transport and bark properties are coordinated. Specifically, xylem transport efficiency was greater in species with thicker secondary phloem, greater phloem‐to‐xylem thickness ratio and phloem‐to‐xylem cell number ratio. In contrast, species with thicker bark, living cortex and dead bark tissues were more resistant to embolism. Thicker phellem layers were associated with lower embolism resistance. Results of this study point to an important connection between xylem transport efficiency and phloem characteristics, which are shaped by the activity of vascular cambium. The link between bark and embolism resistance affirms the importance of both tissues to drought tolerance.
Latinx young adults' retrospective sibling caregiving: Associations with ethnic identity, responsibility, and depressive symptoms
Authors: Kline Gabrielle , Maiya Sahitya , Carlos Chavez Fiorella L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe current research used reports among 350 Latinx young adults (60.3% male) between 18 and 21 years (Mage = 20.18, SD = 1.02). Using the cultural transmission model (Carlo & de Guzman, Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology. Sage Publications, Inc., 2009), the goal of the current study was to investigate the associations that sibling caregiving during adolescence, measured retrospectively, may have on ethnic identity resolution (EIR), and in turn, depressive symptoms, and responsibility among Latinx young adults. Path analysis results suggest that sibling caregiving was positively associated with EIR and responsibility. EIR was negatively associated with depressive symptoms and positively associated with responsibility. Both indirect effects via EIR were significant: sibling caregiving to depressive symptoms and responsibility. Our findings highlight that sibling caregiving affects young adult outcomes indirectly via ethnic identity development. The findings have important implications for practitioners and researchers to understand how ethnic identity may be related to young adult outcomes through a sibling‐focused lens. Family interventions that leverage sibling relationships can be incorporated to improve the well‐being of Latinx adolescents and young adults.
Community health nurses leadership in advancing health equity
Authors: Baxter Catherine , Schofield Ruth , Currie Genevieve , Gauley Patti 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the solutions community health nurses (CHNs) identify to address health inequities during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to explore what leadership competencies enable CHNs to enact these solutions.DesignOnline survey, distributed to all members of the Community Health Nurses of Canada and associated provincial and territorial networks.ParticipantsInclusion criteria included all nurses who were working during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada. A total of 245 responses were included in the analysis.MeasurementThe survey included 25 open ended and fixed response questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative data. Framework Analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsSolutions focused on advancing health equity and expanding community relationships and partnerships were identified as priorities. To enact these solutions system transformation, engaging others, and developing coalitions were identified as the main leadership competencies required by CHNs.ConclusionParticipants in this study clearly articulated structural and process solutions to address health inequities among priority populations during the pandemic. CHNs described with practice knowledge and confidence that solutions enacted in system transformation with community partners are necessary to advance health equity.
The effects of Fasciola hepatica recombinant proteins (peroxiredoxin and cathepsin L1) on Crohn's disease experimental model
Authors: Hasanpour Hamid , Falak Reza , Mokhtarian Kobra , Sadeghi Fatemeh , Masoumi Elham , Asadollahi Parisa , Badirzadeh Alireza , Azami Sanaz Jafarpour , Gholami Mohammad Davoodzadeh , Pashangzadeh Salar , Gharagozlou Mohammad Javad , Naserifar Razi , Mowlavi Gholamreza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe immunomodulatory potential of the excretory‐secretory (E/S) proteins of the helminths has been shown in previous investigations. This study evaluated the effects of the recombinants and excretory‐secretory proteins of the Fasciola hepatica on induced colitis in Balb/c mice. The F. hepatica Recombinant proteins, Cathepsin L1 and Peroxiredoxin, and E/S proteins were intraperitoneally injected into the three mice groups as the case groups, while the control groups received PBS. Colitis was induced in mice by intraluminal administration of the 2, 4, 6‐Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution (TNBS). After 8 h, the case groups received the second dosage of the treatments, and it was repeated 24 h later. The immunological, pathological, and macroscopic changes were evaluated 3 days after colitis induction. The macroscopic evaluation revealed significantly lower inflammatory scores in the mice treated with recombinant Peroxiredoxin (rPRX) and recombinant Cathepsin L1 (rCL1). Despite the macroscopic observation, the pathological finding was insignificant between the groups. IFN‐γ secretion was significantly lower in splenocytes of the groups that received rPRX, rCL1, and E/S than the controls. IL‐10 showed significantly higher levels in groups treated with rPRX and rCL1 than controls, whereas the level of IL‐4 was not statistically significant. Excretory‐secretory proteins of the F. hepatica showed immunomodulatory potency and the main effects observed in this study were through the reduction of inflammatory cytokine and inflammation manifestation as well as induction of anti‐inflammatory cytokines.
Unveiling mechanisms for induced systemic resistance, resistance breeding and molecular marker‐assisted breeding against Phomopsis blight ofSolanum melongena
Authors: Goutam Etalesh , Kumar Adesh , Tripathi Vishal , Bharti  , Kumar Lokesh , Raj Amit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhomopsis vexansis one of the most destructive fungal pathogens associated with eggplant and currently poses a significant threat to eggplant production worldwide. The detrimental impact ofP.vexanson eggplant yield has been extensively explored by various mycologists who have conducted thorough studies on the diversity, pathology and biological aspects of the pathogen. However, achieving enduring resistance or effective management has proven to be a challenge thus far. PCR‐based detection and molecular association ofPhomopsisresistance use molecular markers to examine the potential for heterosis in various crosses, aiming for premium hybrids with genetic resistance and high‐yielding capabilities. The latest genome sequencing methods and availability of a wider range of genetic diversity has enabled the breeding of resistant varieties of eggplant. This review provides a detailed description onP.vexansincluding its epidemiology, dispersal methods, symptomology, colony characteristics, taxonomy and evolution of its strains. Different resistance breeding techniques including heterosis breeding, host plant resistance, identification of resistant sources, inheritance pattern forPhomopsisresistance, importance of grafting to impart resistance, significance of induced resistance, PCR‐based detection and molecular association ofPhomopsisresistance are explained. Future approaches include molecular marker techniques such as genome‐wide association studies, sequence‐characterized amplified regions (SCAR), role of biotic inducers, pathogenesis‐related proteins and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria againstPhomopsisblight of eggplant.
Vagus nerve stimulation: Potential for treating chronic wounds
Authors: Budhiraja Anuj , Mehta Alisha , Alhamo Moyasar A. , Swedarsky Richard , Dahle Sara , Isseroff R. Rivkah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved as a treatment for various conditions, including drug‐resistant epilepsy, migraines, chronic cluster headaches and treatment‐resistant depression. It is known to have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐nociceptive and anti‐adrenergic effects, and its therapeutic potential for diverse pathologies is being investigated. VNS can be achieved through invasive (iVNS) or non‐invasive (niVNS) means, targeting different branches of the vagus nerve. iVNS devices require surgical implantation and have associated risks, while niVNS devices are generally better tolerated and have a better safety profile. Studies have shown that both iVNS and niVNS can reduce inflammation and pain perception in patients with acute and chronic conditions. VNS devices, such as the VNS Therapy System and MicroTransponder Vivistim, have received Food and Drug Administration approval for specific indications. Other niVNS devices, like NEMOS and gammaCore, have shown effectiveness in managing epilepsy, pain and migraines. VNS has also demonstrated potential in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, as well as neurological disorders like epilepsy and migraines. In addition, VNS has been explored in cardiovascular disorders, including post‐operative atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, and has shown positive outcomes. The mechanisms behind VNS's effects include the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway, modulation of cytokines and activation of specialised pro‐resolving mediators. The modulation of inflammation by VNS presents a promising avenue for investigating its potential to improve the healing of chronic wounds. However, more research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms and optimise the use of VNS in wound healing. Ongoing clinical trials may support the use of this modality as an adjunct to improve healing.
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia in people living with HIV: a review
Authors: McDonald Emily G. , Afshar Avideh , Assiri Bander , Boyles Tom , Hsu Jimmy M. , Khuong Ninh , Prosty Connor , So Miranda , Sohani Zahra N. , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Lee Todd C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY

Pneumocystis jirovecii
is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungus that can cause life-threatening pneumonia. People with HIV (PWH) who have low CD4 counts are one of the populations at the greatest risk of
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia (PCP). While guidelines have approached the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and management of PCP, the numerous studies of PCP in PWH are dominated by the 1980s and 1990s. As such, most studies have included younger male populations, despite PCP affecting both sexes and a broad age range. Many studies have been small and observational in nature, with an overall lack of randomized controlled trials. In many jurisdictions, and especially in low- and middle-income countries, the diagnosis can be challenging due to lack of access to advanced and/or invasive diagnostics. Worldwide, most patients will be treated with 21 days of high-dose trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, although both the dose and the duration are primarily based on historical practice. Whether treatment with a lower dose is as effective and less toxic is gaining interest based on observational studies. Similarly, a 21-day tapering regimen of prednisone is used for patients with more severe disease, yet other doses, other steroids, or shorter durations of treatment with corticosteroids have not been evaluated. Now with the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy, improved and less invasive PCP diagnostic techniques, and interest in novel treatment strategies, this review consolidates the scientific body of literature on the diagnosis and management of PCP in PWH, as well as identifies areas in need of more study and thoughtfully designed clinical trials.
Proteomic analysis of meropenem-induced outer membrane vesicles released by carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Fan Fangfang , Chen Guangzhang , Deng Siqian , Wei Li 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) is an important multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogen that threatens human health and is the main source of hospital-acquired infection. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria and contain materials involved in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. They also contribute to cellular communication to nearby or distant recipient cells and influence their functions and phenotypes. In this study, we sought to understand the mechanism of bacterial response to meropenem pressure and explore the relationship between pathogenic proteins and the high pathogenicity of bacteria. We performed whole-genome PacBio sequencing on a clinical CRKP strain, and its OMVs were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and proteomic analysis. Thousands of vesicle proteins have been identified in mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics analyses of
K. pneumoniae
OMVs. Protein functionality analysis showed that the OMVs were predominantly involved in metabolic, intracellular compartments, nucleic acid binding, survival, defense, and antibiotic resistance, such as Chromosome partition protein MukB, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase, methionine—tRNA ligase, Heat shock protein 60 family chaperone GroEL, and Gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that OMVs from meropenem-treated
K. pneumoniae
showed the highest connectivity in DNA polymerase I, phenylalanine–tRNA ligase beta subunit, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta, methionine–tRNA ligase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta, and DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha. The OMVs proteome expression profile indicates increased secretion of stress proteins released from meropenem-treated
K. pneumoniae
, which provides clues for revealing the biogenesis and pathophysiological functions of Gram-negative bacteria OMVs. The significant differentially expressed proteins identified in this study are of great significance for exploring effective control strategies for CRKP infection.

IMPORTANCE

Meropenem is one of the main antibiotics used in the clinical treatment of carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP). This study demonstrated that some important metabolic changes occurred in meropenem-induced CRKP-outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), The OMVs proteome expression profile indicates increased secretion of stress proteins released from meropenem-induced
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Furthermore, this is the ﬁrst study to discuss the protein-protein interaction network of the OMVs released by CRKP, especially under antibiotic stress.
Does ECG monitoring affect resuscitation for neonates with pulseless electrical activity in the delivery room? A simulated, pilot, crossover randomised trial
Authors: Assaad Michael-Andrew , Gariepy-Assal Laurence , Moussa Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether ECG monitoring impacts resuscitative steps during simulated neonatal resuscitation in the setting of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in the delivery room.DesignThis pilot, crossover randomised controlled trial recruited providers in teams of three who participated in two simulation scenarios (PEA with and without ECG monitoring). Teams were randomised to one scenario and then crossed over. All sessions were video-recorded. The primary outcome was time to pulse check once the manikin was programmed to become pulseless. The secondary outcomes were total pulse checks, time to positive pressure ventilation, intubation, chest compressions and administration of epinephrine, and teams’ quotes and behaviours during resuscitation. The primary outcome was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The secondary outcomes were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The quotes were analysed using content analysis with pattern coding.ResultsEighty-two healthcare providers were approached and 30 consented (10 teams). The mean time to check the pulse once the manikin was pulseless was 38.5 s (SD 30.1) without ECG vs 88.1 s (SD 46.1) with ECG (p<0.01). There was a significantly decreased number of pulse checks with the ECG compared with without (p<0.01). Time to intubation, chest compressions, start of positive pressure ventilation and epinephrine administration was not different between the groups. Quotes/behaviours revealed false reassurance and over-reliance on ECG monitoring, repeated pulse check errors and troubleshooting behaviours.ConclusionsECG monitoring in simulated neonatal resuscitation results in delayed recognition of a pulseless state, decreased number of pulse checks and a possible false sense of security. Simulated resuscitation clinical endpoints are unaffected.