bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belief inducibility and informativeness
Authors: Herings P. Jean-Jacques , Karos Dominik , Kerman Toygar T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider a group of receivers who share a common prior on a finite state space and who observe private correlated messages that are contingent on the true state of the world. Our focus lies on the beliefs of receivers induced via the signal chosen by the sender and we provide a comprehensive analysis of the inducible distributions of posterior beliefs. Classifying signals as minimal, individually minimal, and language-independent, we show that any inducible distribution can be induced by a language-independent signal. We investigate the role of the different classes of signals for the amount of higher order information that is revealed to receivers. The least informative signals that induce a fixed distribution over posterior belief profiles lie in the relative interior of the set of all language-independent signals inducing that distribution.
Observing the Interaction between a Socially-Assistive Robot and Residents in a Nursing Home
Authors: Rettinger Lena , Fürst Aida , Kupka-Klepsch Elisabeth , Mühlhauser Kathrin , Haslinger-Baumann Elisabeth , Werner Franz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to demographic change and transformations in domestic structures as well as working environments, the need for formal care continues to increase. This process leads to a significantly greater number of care workers that will be needed in the future. Concurrently, the demands on caregivers concerning the amount of care and quality of care are increasing. Socially-assistive robots (SARs) are a promising resource in this regard. At the same time, research that directly addresses the target group of elderly persons with cognitive impairments is underrepresented. This study reports observations regarding the interaction between a SAR and elderly people with cognitive impairments. Seven observational and behavioural measures were conducted during the interaction between residents of a nursing home and the SAR named “James”. Twelve participants from two residential homes took part in the study. Data were analysed by using content analysis and interpreted along a technology acceptance model. Verbal comments and observable emotions of the SAR were predominantly positive, only a few participants reacted negatively to the SAR “James”. There was also hardly any shyness to touch the robot. The participants made eye contact and responded adequately to the robot’s requests. Tasks which were set by the SAR in group settings led to a higher communication between the participants than tasks in single-user settings. The mainly upbeat emotions and interaction with the SAR indicates a positive attitude towards the system. Long-term studies are needed to investigate the sustainability of robot acceptance.
Reconstructing patterns of domestication in reindeer using 3D muscle attachment areas
Authors: Siali Christina , Niinimäki Sirpa , Harvati Katerina , Karakostis Fotios Alexandros 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of reindeer has been a crucial element in the subsistence strategies of past Arctic and Subarctic populations. However, the spatiotemporal occurrence of systematic herding practices has been difficult to identify in the bioarchaeological record. To address this research gap, this study proposes a new virtual anthropological approach for reconstructing habitual physical activity in reindeer, relying on the protocols of the “Validated Entheses based Reconstruction of Activity” (VERA) method. Following blind analytical procedures, we focused on eight muscle attachment sites (“entheses”) in 36 reindeer free ranging in the wild, 21 specimens in captivity (zoo), and eight racing reindeer (habitual runners). Importantly, our analyses accounted for the effects of variation by subspecies, sex, age, and estimated body size. Our results showed clear differences across activity groups, leading to the development of discriminant function equations with cross-validated accuracies ranging from approximately 88 to 100%. The reliability of our functions was additionally confirmed using a blind test involving six zoo individuals not included in the initial dataset. Our findings support the use of the proposed approach for identifying domestication-related activities in zooarchaeological contexts, introducing a valuable tool for locating suspected domestication hotspots and elucidating the nature of past human-reindeer interactions.
Identifying Detrital and Diagenetic Minerals in Paleosols of the Illinois Basin
Authors: McIntosh Julia A. , Elliott W. Crawford , Wampler J. Marion , Tabor Neil J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhyllosilicates are hypothesized to be primarily of pedogenic origin in shallowly buried paleosols (≤3 km depth), regardless of the age of the paleosol. To test this hypothesis, this work evaluates the possible presence of detrital and diagenetic phyllosilicates in middle and upper Pennsylvanian paleosols, collected from three drill cores along a north–south transect in the Illinois Basin. The abundances of 2M1 muscovite, quartz, and K-feldspar are greater in a morphologically immature Protosol from the southernmost core; 1Md illite and interstratified illite-smectite with R1 and R0 stacking orders are more abundant in the more mature Vertisols of the central and northern cores. K-Ar age values of multiple clay-size fractions from each paleosol averaged ~260 Ma in the northern core, 270 Ma in the central core, and 295 Ma in the southern core. While considering the complex tectonic and thermal history of the Illinois Basin, detrital minerals are more abundant in immature paleosols that experienced relatively greater maximum burial depths and thus greater sediment supply whereas illitization in more mature paleosols was probably initiated primarily during protracted burial diagenesis. As the present study found evidence for diagenetic and detrital minerals in clay-size fractions of shallowly buried, deep-time paleosols, caution is advised when using paleosol minerals for ancient climate and environment reconstructions.
Odontoid fractures above C2 to pelvis posterior instrumented fusions: a single center’s 11-year experience
Authors: Lim Perry , Clark Aaron J. , Deviren Vedat , Berven Sigurd H. , Burch Shane , Ames Christopher P. , Theologis Alekos A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To define the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment approach for proximal junction failure secondary to odontoid fractures in patients with prior C2-pelvis posterior instrumented fusions (PSF).

Methods
A single institution’s database was queried for multi-level fusions (6+ levels), including a cervical component. Posterior instrumentation from C2-pelvis and minimum 6-month follow-up was inclusion criteria. Patients who sustained dens fractures were identified; each fracture was subdivided based on Anderson & D’Alonzo and Grauer’s classifications. Comparisons between the groups were performed using Chi-square and T tests.

Results
80 patients (71.3% female; average age 68.1 ± 8.1 years; 45.0% osteoporosis) were included. Average follow-up was 59.8 ± 42.7 months. Six patients (7.5%) suffered an odontoid fracture post-operatively. Cause of fracture in all patients was a mechanical fall. Average time to fracture was 23 ± 23.1 months. Average follow-up after initiation of fracture management was 5.84 ± 4 years (minimum 1 year). Three patients sustained type IIA fractures one of which had a concomitant unilateral C2 pars fracture. Three patients sustained comminuted type III fractures with concomitant unilateral C2 pars fractures. Initial treatment included operative care in 2 patients, and an attempt at non-operative care in 4. Non-operative care failed in 75% of patients who ultimately required revision with proximal extension. All patients with a concomitant pars fracture had failure of non-operative care. Patients with an intact pars were more stable, but 50% required revision for pain.

Conclusions
In this 11-year experience at a single institution, the prevalence of odontoid fractures above a C2-pelvis PSF was 7.5%. Fracture morphology varied, but 50% were complex, comminuted C2 body fractures with concomitant pars fractures. While nonoperative management may be suitable for type II fractures with simple patterns, more complex and unstable fractures likely benefit from upfront surgical intervention to prevent fracture displacement and neural compression. As all fractures occurred secondary to a mechanical fall, inpatient and community measures aimed to minimize risk and prevent mechanical falls would be beneficial in this high-risk group.
Transcription factors RhPIF4/8 and RhHY5 regulate autophagy-mediated petal senescence in rose (Rosa hybrida)
Authors: Wang Wenran , Chen Changxi , Zhao Yang , Zhang Bingjie , Wu Zhicheng , Sun Xiaoming , Gao Junping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPetal senescence refers to the progressive loss of intracellular structures and functions within plant decorative organs, ultimately leading to cell death. Autophagy involves the degradation of damaged cellular components and nutrient recycling. Plant organ senescence and autophagy are highly coordinated; however, the mechanisms by which autophagy regulates petal senescence remain largely unknown. In this study, by using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that autophagic activity peaked early, at flower opening, without any senescence and other morphological symptoms in petals. We found that darkness positively regulated petal senescence and upregulated autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Dark treatment promoted the accumulation of Rosa hybrida phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (RhPIF4) in petals. RhPIF4 silencing delayed petal senescence and repressed the expression of ATGs. In contrast, silencing of the light-responsive gene Rosa hybridaelongated hypoctyl 5 (RhHY5) promoted petal senescence and ATG gene expression. RhPIF4/8 and RhHY5 could directly interact with RhWRKY40, and RhWRKY40 is directly bound to the promoters of RhATG7 and RhATG11. Silencing RhWRKY40 delayed petal senescence and suppressed RhATG7 and RhATG11 expression. Based on these results, we propose that RhPIF4/8 and RhHY5 transcription factors are involved in regulating petal senescence in response to dark or light conditions by modulating autophagic activity.
Research and development of indoor positioning technology based on visible light communication
Authors: Li Guangyun , Sun Senzhen , Gao Yangjun , Li Ang , Zhu Kailin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndoor and underground space positioning and navigation systems are important infrastructure for urban lifeline construction. With the development of 5G communication technology, artificial intelligence, intelligent construction, and other technologies, autonomous mobile terminals have become the main application subjects, and the requirements for accuracy and ubiquity of indoor positioning technology are also increasing. Two main indoor positioning technologies, sensor based and RF signal based are introduced, basic concepts of new visible light communication positioning technology are discussed, and in-depth results on non-imaging and imaging positioning methods are presented in this article. We propose a pose-assisted imaging positioning method applied in the 11 m × 8 m × 3.5 m room, which is based on visible light communication. This test shows that this method can achieve the positioning results with a plane positioning error less than 5 cm and the height error less than 6 cm by using low-cost sensors. Visible light positioning technology provides a cost-effective and convenient new solution for indoor positioning, simultaneously solving the integration problem of communication and positioning. It can provide positioning technology supporting the construction of urban lifelines in enclosed spaces.
A simple method for pulse contrast enhancement via self-focusing
Authors: Refaeli Zaharit , Marcus Gilad , Shamir Yariv 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Here we report on a simple-to-implement and cost-effective approach for laser pulse contrast enhancement, based on the

${\chi}^{(3)}$

nonlinear self-focusing effect. An intentionally induced and gently controlled self-focusing in a thin glass transforms the time-dependent intensity into variation in beam divergence. Followed by a spatial discriminating filter, only the strongly focused fraction traverses the setup, at the expense of efficiency. A numerical model, accounting for the pulse and material parameters via a Gaussian ABCD matrix, provides an estimate for the instantaneous beam waist and transmission efficiency, which enables us to evaluate the resulting contrast enhancement. The estimated contrast enhancement spans between 0.5 and 2.5 orders of magnitude, in conjunction with approximately 25%–90% estimated efficiency, depending on the pulse parameters. In a preliminary experiment we demonstrated the effect with 10s-μJ sub GW regime with approximately 40

$\%$

efficiency and a contrast improvement of more than or equal to 20 dB.
Experimental Study on Influence of Different Patterns of an Emergent Vegetation Patch on the Flow Field and Scour/Deposition Processes in the Wake Region
Authors: Yagci Oral , Özgur Kirca V. S. , Kitsikoudis Vasileios , Wilson Catherine A. M. E. , Celik M. Furkan , Sertkan Caner 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFlume experiments were conducted to comprehend the impact of different patterns of an emergent vegetation patch on the flow field and the scour process in natural rivers. Velocity measurements, flow visualization, and scour tests were undertaken around different vegetation patch patterns, which were simulated inspired by the expansion process of a typical instream vegetation. The patch expansion process was idealized with an initially circular patch of rigid emergent stems becoming elongated due to positive and negative feedbacks. The expansion of the vegetation patch was considered to occur in three stages, in which the density of the patch from the previous stage was increased while the patch was also elongated by connecting at its downstream side with another sparser vegetation patch. These stages were replicated succesively by increasing the density and elongating the patch. In this way, two processes (i.e., elongation and decrease in permeability), which usually have hydrodynamically opposite effects on flow fields, were simulated at the same obstruction. Despite generally elongated obstacles being streamlined bodies, the morphometric analysis obtained by laser scanner revealed that streamlined elongation of permeable patches amplifies global scour and enhances localization of the local scour hole. This situation implies that as the patch expands, in the wake region, the steady‐wake region becomes shorter, turbulence diminishes, lateral shear stress enhances, and deposition cannot occur far from the patch. Consequently, as the patch expands, the hydrodynamic consequences may restrict further patch expansion after a certain length/density.
Two-dimensional directed lamellar assembly in silicon- and fluorine-containing block copolymer with identical surface energies
Authors: Jeon Seungbae , Lee Seungjae , Kim Junsu , Eim Sungoh , Lee Wooseop , Nam Woo Hyun , Son Jeong Gon , Ryu Du Yeol 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA block copolymer (BCP) with specific monomer structures of fluoroacrylate polymers was designed by exploiting the inorganic superhydrophobicity and low glass transition temperature of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). With the use of a fluorine-containing block providing a surface tension as low as that of PDMS (19.9 < $$\gamma$$
γ
< 21.5 mN/m), PDMS-b-poly(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl acrylate) (PDMS-b-PPeFPA) copolymer was synthesized to create a volume-symmetric lamellar structure. The compositional randomness of the BCP chains adsorbed onto the substrates provided well-balanced interfacial interactions toward the overlaid PDMS-b-PPeFPA ($$\gamma$$
γ
PDMS-ads ≈ $$\gamma$$
γ
PPeFPA-ads). Under this symmetric confinement with simultaneous dual neutral interfaces, lamellar microdomains with a sub-10 nm half-pitch feature size were successfully oriented perpendicular to the interfaces at room temperature. We showed the response of the BCP films to a lateral electric field, demonstrating that the perpendicular lamellae were adaptively aligned along the electric vector within a short treatment period. Furthermore, the PDMS-b-PPeFPA system exhibited a remarkable etch contrast for O2 reactive ion etching, yielding unidirectionally aligned air–inorganic nanoarrays emanating from the perpendicular lamellae between the electrodes. This study reports a system engineering approach for conceiving highly immiscible, silicon- and fluorine-containing BCP whose components exhibit identical surface tensions ($$\gamma$$
γ
PDMS ≈ $$\gamma$$
γ
PPeFPA) and for generating perpendicularly oriented lamellar microdomains due to substrate neutrality.
Assessing Speech Production in Mandarin–English Bilingual Children: Comparison of Mandarin and English Sound Systems and Special Considerations
Authors: Yang Jie , Resendiz Maria 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:When assessing bilingual children's speech, it is important to determine whether the errors are indicative of a true speech sound disorder or a speech sound difference. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide cultural and linguistic background of Mandarin in comparison to English and to outline the process of speech production assessment for Mandarin–English bilingual children.Method:Pertinent literature was reviewed around varieties of Chinese, unique features of the Mandarin sound system, commonly used transcription methods (International Phonetic Alphabet andPinyin), and patterns of Mandarin-influenced English. Previous research findings on the acquisition of consonants, vowels, and tones in monolingual Mandarin-speaking children were summarized.Results:The assessment process including consonants, vowels, tones, syllable structures, and lexical stress was described and illustrated with flow charts. Recourses related to cultural and linguistic information of Mandarin and accessible assessment materials are referenced.Conclusions:A thorough knowledge of a child's language background is crucial in planning assessment of speech production for Mandarin–English bilingual children. A comparative understanding of the sound systems of Mandarin and English facilitates clinical decision making.
Stability and reliability analysis of a non‐isolated high gain DC‐DC converter
Authors: Rajesh Ramachandran , Prabaharan Natarajan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the stability and reliability analysis of a non‐isolated high‐gain DC‐DC converter. The proposed DC‐DC converter produces a high gain output voltage with a lower duty ratio and reduced voltage stress on the semiconductor switch. A reliability analysis is performed to predict the failure rate and lifetime of the individual components using the military handbook (MIL‐HDBK‐217F). A state space equation and small signal modeling of the proposed converter are derived to elucidate the performance of the proposed converter through stability analysis. A closed‐loop using PID controller is incorporated to attain the constant regulated output voltage during sudden parameter changes. The validation of the closed‐loop using the PID controller is verified with the wide range of variations in the different parameters, such as input voltage, load value, and reference voltage value. The laboratory‐based prototype is developed for the proposed converter and validated the performance with 250 W. The power density and efficiency of the proposed converter are 1.360 kW/L and 93%, respectively.
Endovascular Management of Falcine Dural Arteriovenous Fistula—A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Devani Kavin , Purandare Anup , Wankhade Ravi , Palave Prakash , Shukla Pallavi , Dhall Gagan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCranial dural arteriovenous (AV) fistulas are abnormal connections between the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or venous sinuses. They are most frequently located at the transverse sinus and cavernous sinus. They can occur at every cranial dural sinus. Dural AV fistula of falx cerebri is rare. A 62-year-old female presented with signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Radiological imaging revealed a dural AV fistula at the posterior one-third falx cerebri. She underwent transarterial embolization, and complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved. A detailed digital subtraction angiography study is warranted in patients with seemingly benign complaints like recurrent headaches, and falcine dural AV fistula should be identified and treated in the nick of time. We describe a very rare falcine dural AV fistula case and its management.
Spontaneous Subdural Empyema: A Case Report
Authors: Dutta Deep , Ahmed Shameem , Borkotoky Abhigyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSubdural empyema is the collection of purulent material between the dura mater and arachnoid. Subdural empyema most often occurs due to the direct extension of local infection. But spontaneous subdural empyema is a rare entity. In literature, not many cases of spontaneous subdural empyema by Escherichia coli are reported. Here we report a case of spontaneous subdural empyema along with a review of literature who was previously treated on the suspicion of encephalitis with urinary tract infection and then brought to our hospital.
Anomalous Nernst effect in perpendicularly magnetized τ-MnAl thin films
Authors: Scheffler D. , Beckert S. , Reichlova H. , Woodcock T. G. , Goennenwein S. T. B. , Thomas A. 
Published: December 2023

τ-MnAl is interesting for spintronic applications as a ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to its high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Here, we report on the anomalous Nernst effect of sputter deposited τ-MnAl thin films. We demonstrate a robust anomalous Nernst effect at temperatures of 200 and 300 K with a hysteresis similar to the anomalous Hall effect and the magnetization of the material. The anomalous Nernst coefficient of (0.6 ± 0.24) µV/K at 300 K is comparable to other perpendicular magnetic anisotropy thin films. Therefore, τ-MnAl is a promising candidate for spin-caloritronic research.
Optimal foraging strategies can be learned
Authors: Muñoz-Gil Gorka , López-Incera Andrea , Fiderer Lukas J , Briegel Hans J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The foraging behavior of animals is a paradigm of target search in nature. Understanding which foraging strategies are optimal and how animals learn them are central challenges in modeling animal foraging. While the question of optimality has wide-ranging implications across fields such as economy, physics, and ecology, the question of learnability is a topic of ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. Recognizing the interconnected nature of these challenges, this work addresses them simultaneously by exploring optimal foraging strategies through a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. To this end, we model foragers as learning agents. We first prove theoretically that maximizing rewards in our RL model is equivalent to optimizing foraging efficiency. We then show with numerical experiments that, in the paradigmatic model of non-destructive search, our agents learn foraging strategies which outperform the efficiency of some of the best known strategies such as Lévy walks. These findings highlight the potential of RL as a versatile framework not only for optimizing search strategies but also to model the learning process, thus shedding light on the role of learning in natural optimization processes.