bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation into influence of airflow channel quantities on melt-blowing airflow field in processing of polymer fiber
Authors: Guo Dongjun , Zhu Zhisong , Yuan Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To obtain better airflow field characteristics of melt-blowing and acquire slender melt-blowing fiber, a new die with multi-channel of melt-blowing airflow was designed. The airflow field under the spinneret hole of the melt-blowing die was simulated and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics method, and distribution rules of the ordinary die and the new die on the airflow field along the spinning centerline were compared and discussed. The melt-blowing fiber diameter distribution for the ordinary die and the new die was numerically calculated using a stretching model of the melt-blowing fiber. In contrast with an ordinary die, the new melt-blowing die enhances the average speed in main stretching zone by 89.8% and increases the peak speed by 50.4%. The higher airflow temperature of new die improves the softening degree and melting fluidity of the polymer. Meanwhile, the smaller turbulence intensity and the reverse speed of the new die make airflow more stable and reduce disturbance and adhesion of the fiber, and a larger pressure difference and a peak pressure can accelerate the refinement and attenuation of the fiber. The new melt-blowing die with airflow multi-channel is conducive to extension, which is a better choice in the manufacturing process of nonwoven melt-blowing fibers.
When are Identities Politically Consequential? Identifying Conditions of Descriptive, Substantive, and Allied Group Identity
Authors: Bishin Benjamin G. , Muttram Harry G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Identity is among of the most common explanations for political outcomes. Despite this, studies of politics often fail to clearly conceptualize or define identity, leading to tremendous variation in the use and application of the concept, much of which is at odds with fundamental tenets of research on the topic. Decades of research in psychology, sociology, and political psychology inform a family of related theories referred to as “Social Identity Theory” (SIT) which demonstrates that identity requires three conditions in order to affect attitudes and behavior: cognitive classification, psychological attachment to the group, and a social context that causes a group identity to become salient. In this paper, we build on these conditions to develop a typology to help identify when and for whom identity should be politically consequential. Using national election data from 2012, 2016 and 2020 we show that failing to differentiate between these concepts, particularly what we call Descriptive and Substantive identity, can lead to mistaken inferences about the behavior of identity groups in politics. Applying insights from SIT also promises to help advance an improved understanding of questions of race, representation, and intersectionality.
Dynamic analysis of MSE wall subjected to surface vibration loading
Authors: Langcuyan Christine P. , Sadiq Shamsher , Park Tae-Woong , Won Myoung-Soo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Extensively used Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls in Rail Transportation System (RTS) are vulnerable to surface vibrations generated by moving vehicles. Hence, it is necessary to consider the effects of surface vibrations during the design of MSE walls for RTS. Steel-reinforced panel-type MSE walls are shown to perform well during vibration loading, but costly steel materials have led to greater reliance on affordable and readily available geosynthetics for reinforcement. Limited research exists on the behavior of panel-type MSE walls with geosynthetics considering RTS-induced vibrations frequencies. Thus, this study employs Finite Element software PLAXIS 3D to simulate the impact of surface vibration frequencies on panel-type MSE walls. The qualitative study encompasses two reinforcement cases (geogrids and steel strips) of 4 m MSE wall height and four harmonic loading frequencies representing RTS-induced surface vibrations for simulation. The dynamic responses of MSE wall are presented in terms of lateral wall displacements and lateral earth pressure distributions. Furthermore, the distributions of tensile strain and the identification of potential slip surface locations are presented. The findings indicated that MSE wall and reinforcement responses are governed by RTS-induced vibrations and fundamental frequency of backfill soil. This highlights the need for consideration of both the fundamental frequency of the backfill soil and RTS-induced vibrations in the design of MSE walls.
Characterization of the bark of Protium tenuifolium Engl. from the Amazonian biome as a source of natural antioxidants
Authors: de Jesus dos Santos Laise , da Silva Araujo Elesandra , Lorenço Mário Sérgio , Rosário Bianca Bueno , Vieira Sabrina Benmuyal , Sales Agust , Siviero Marco Antonio , Eduardo de Lima Melo Luiz , da Silva Mota Graciene , Campolina Gabriela Aguiar , Mori Fabio Akira 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The bark anatomy was analysed, as was the overall chemical composition (extractives, lignin, suberin, ash and polysaccharides), and a quantitative elemental analysis was performed of the bark and two tannin extracts (extracted with water only and with a mixture of water and Na2SO3). The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the bark extracts were quantified. The results indicated that the bark is composed of conductive phloem, nonconductive phloem, rhytidome, crystals and secretory cells. The average chemical composition was 15.9 % extractives, 35.3 % total lignin, 1.9 % suberin, 15.4 % ash and 31.5 % polysaccharides. The condensed tannin yield in the extract obtained with water alone was 5.1 %, and that in the treatment with water and Na2SO3 was 8.1 %. The ethanol-water extract had a high phenolic content (112.6 mg GAE g−1 extract). The bark extract showed strong antioxidant activity, reaching 83.5 % inhibition of DPPH free radicals, which was higher than the value of 75.0 % for the commercial antioxidant BHT at the same concentration. These results demonstrate that Protium tenuifolium is a potential natural Amazonian source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and can be used for medicinal purposes and the production of various sustainable products, such as cosmetics.
The impact of site on tree form, wood properties, and lumber quality of plantation-grown Pinus patula
Authors: van der Merwe Jaco-Pierre , Bacher Martin , Madiope Sechaba , Ncongwane Thandekile , Ngomane Robert , Spogter Olwethu , Kuisis Hilton , Potgieter Jaco , Tait Oscar , Clarke Charlie , Cool Julie , Avramidis Stavros , Ellis Simon , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
South Africa is a water scarce country with minimal natural forests. Plantation forest species such as the Mexican tropical hard pine, Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe ex Schltdl. & Cham., was introduced into the country to satisfy local fibre demand. Today, the majority of pine plantations in South Africa are found in the Mpumalanga province. The province has diverse growing conditions in relation to climate and soil properties. Sample plots were established in even-aged P. patula plantations and stratified according to soil parent material and altitude. Growing conditions of each sample plot were characterised according to climate and soil properties. A total of 540 sample trees were measured for height, diameter, density, and latewood content. The sample trees were harvested to produce 2690 logs. The logs were milled, and the resultant lumber was graded according to density, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture. Annual maximum temperature had the most significant impact on tree growth, while rainfall correlated with wood density and latewood content of standing trees. However, annual maximum temperature and tree height had a negative relationship with the recovered lumber properties and dimensional stability. Spring rainfall appeared to be the most important factor influencing lumber twist and this was possibly due to the associated larger juvenile core present in the trees.
Hardenability of PM Steel Alloyed Using Tailored Master Alloys
Authors: Geroldinger S. , Teissedre L. , de Oro Calderon R. , Gierl-Mayer C. , Danninger H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The ferrous powder metallurgy industry is facing major upheavals currently, which, however, also offer opportunities. New materials and concepts, made possible by tailored design, are a way to prepare for new challenges. Alloying of PM steel through the master alloy route is a concept that combines efficient usage of alloying elements, also of such with high oxygen affinity, with accelerated homogenization via liquid phase sintering. Thus, improved properties can be attained while maintaining dimensional precision, which makes the PM route more attractive. In the present study, different master alloys containing Fe, Si, C, Cr and / or Mn have been admixed to plain iron base powder, the mixes then being consolidated by pressing and sintering. The materials thus produced are compared to two commercial sinter hardening PM steel grades in terms of hardenability. CCT diagrams are presented for all materials, and hardness data from quenching dilatometer experiments are compared to the hardness values achieved by sinter hardening in the lab furnace as well as by a classical quench-and-temper treatment.
Preparation of the microcapsules of Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil and its effect on gastric smooth muscle cell contraction
Authors: An Zhonghua , Wang Yitong , Wu Mengran , Zheng Haotian , Feng Xuelin , Jiang Yiming , Gong Yanling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Atractylodes chinensis volatile oil (ACVO) microcapsules were prepared with chitosan as parietal material. The optimal conditions for encapsulation were investigated by the Response Surface Method (RSM). ACVO microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analyzer and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. In vitro release properties of ACVO microcapsules were investigated at pH 1.5 and 7.4, respectively. The effects of ACVO microcapsules on the length of rat gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMC), mRNA and protein expression of calmodulin (CaM) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were investigated. Results showed that under optimal conditions, encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 82.19 %. ACVO microcapsules were spherical with a particle size of 1100 nm. ACVO microcapsules had a good release profile at pH 1.5, and the cumulative release within 72 h reached 85.32 %. Cell experiments showed that ACVO microcapsules (0.02, 0.04 μg/mL) had no effect on cell activity, while induced GSMC to contract, and improved the mRNA, protein expressions of CaM and MLCK in GSMC.
p(x)-Kirchhoff-type problem with no-flux boundary conditions and convection
Authors: Yacini Soukaina , El Ouaarabi Mohamed , Allalou Chakir , Hilal Khalid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article establishes the existence of a weak solution for a class of

p

(

x

)

p\left(x)

-Kirchhoff-type problem under no-flux boundary conditions with a reaction term depending also on the gradient convection. The proof of the main result is constructed by utilizing the theory of topological degree and the theory of generalized Sobolev spaces.
Dry tribological behaviour of microwave-assisted sintered AA2024 matrix hybrid composites reinforced by TiC/B4C/nano-graphite particles
Authors: Özer Emre , Ayvaz Mehmet 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to produce hybrid composites with a AA2024 matrix reinforced by TiC/B4C/nano-graphite through a microwave-assisted sintering technique at 560 °C for 60 min. The nano-graphite ratio in the produced composite samples was kept constant as 1 wt.%. TiC and B4C were used in equal ratios at 2, 6 and 10 % by weight total to determine their effects on tribological properties. Wear tests were conducted under three different loads: 3, 5 and 10 N. In the hybrid composites produced, an inverse correlation was observed between the increase in reinforcement ratio and sinterability, while a direct correlation relationship was found in hardness and wear resistance. Compared to the sample containing 2 % TiC/B4C in total by weight, a ∼50 % increase in Brinell hardness and a 52–68 % decrease in wear rate was obtained in the sample containing 10 % TiC/B4C. As the reinforcement ratio increased, tribofilm formation increased, and abrasive wear was replaced by mild-oxidative wear type.
Nanoremediation approaches for the mitigation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables: An overview
Authors: Saeed Maimona , Ilyas Noshin , Bibi Fatima , Shabir Sumera , Mehmood Sabiha , Akhtar Nosheen , Ali Iftikhar , Bawazeer Sami , Al Tawaha Abdel Rahman , Eldin Sayed M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Metals with high atomic weights and gravity are considered heavy metals (HMs). Rapid industrialization increases the content of harmful HMs in an ecosystem by affecting soil, water, and living organisms. One growing concern is a buildup of HMs in food crops including vegetables either by irrigation with wastewater containing HMs or from contaminated soil. Consumption of vegetables has potentially serious effects on living organisms. Various physical and chemical strategies are used but such methods have certain limitations. Nanoremediation, a combination of bioremediation and nanotechnology. represents an innovative way for sustainable removal of contaminants such as HMs. Nano-level understanding of cellular and molecular pathways is essential for treating HMs. Although the eco-toxicity of nanotechnology is a recent issue of concern, it is a promising strategy to deal with the pollution of the environment. These strategies can make the vegetables consumable with fewer HMs. Nanoparticles (NPs) are potentially adaptable for both in situ and ex situ HM treatment. This review provides a critical overview of recent nanoremediation technologies and the properties of NPs. Furthermore, considerable valuation of nanoremediation techniques was considered for dealing with contamination with special attention on health and the environment. The review further illustrates the ecological implementation of nanotechnology and provides a strong recommendation for the utilization of nanoremediation to improve the recent situation and justifiable future.
Perception and attitude toward the regulation of online video streaming (in South Korea)
Authors: Yu Eun , Song Haeyeop , Jung Jaemin , Kim Young ju 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the production and consumption of live video streaming have increased, a general concern is that live video streaming might yield social problems. This paper investigated how people perceived the current status of live video streaming through a nationwide survey. The survey was conducted with 825 users and 335 non-users in South Korea. The results demonstrate that people perceived live video streaming has more impact on adolescents than themselves, which confirms that the previous study of third-person perception. Respondents also evaluated that the current self-regulatory system is not functioning properly and regulation of live video streaming is required. Especially non-users are more supportive of regulation than users. The perception bias, the difference between the perceived influence on self and adolescents, is the strongest predictor of the need for regulation. Because of the difference between users and non-users regarding the perception of live video streaming, this study recommends that the policymakers should consider the actual status of live video streaming and not perception-based biases in orienting regulation.
Revisiting the Watching Eyes Effect: How Emotional Expressions, Sex, and Age of Watching Eyes Influence Stereotypical Statement Endorsement
Authors: Lau Wee Kiat , Sauter Marian , Bulut Cihan , Eberhardt Lisa Valentina , Huckauf Anke 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The watching eyes effect has been shown to influence prosocial and antisocial behaviors. However, the eye characteristics which induce this effect remain unclear. This study explored how emotional expressions (anger, fear, happy, neutral), age (old, young), and sex (male, female) of eye images affect antisocial behavior, measured by stereotype endorsement. Participants rated their endorsement of 36 stereotype statements about race, gender, and religion topics, each paired with an eye image. Our findings indicated that stereotype endorsement did not differ significantly between neutral eye images and control flower images. We then used neutral eyes as control images to evaluate stereotype endorsement when being watched by eyes with other expressions. When comparing endorsement across age and sex in each expression, the data revealed higher endorsement for angry old male eyes and for happy young eyes (males and females), and lower endorsement for fearful eyes, except for old fearful female eyes. Therefore, varying the emotional expression, sex, and age of the eye images used in the watching eyes effect paradigm influences stereotype endorsement. To further unravel the underlying mechanisms behind the watching eyes effect, we encourage future research to explore how varying characteristics of the eyes affect responses/behaviors like stereotype endorsement.
Morphology of uranium oxides reduced from magnesium and sodium diuranate
Authors: Chalifoux Aaron M. , Gibb Logan , Wurth Kimberly N. , Tenner Travis , Tasdizen Tolga , McDonald Luther W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Morphological analysis of uranium materials has proven to be a key signature for nuclear forensic purposes. This study examines the morphological changes to magnesium diuranate (MDU) and sodium diuranate (SDU) during reduction in a 10 % hydrogen atmosphere with and without steam present. Impurity concentrations of the materials were also examined pre and post reduction using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). The structures of the MDU, SDU, and UO
x
samples were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD). Using this method, UO
x
from MDU was found to be a mixture of UO2, U4O9, and MgU2O6 while UO
x
from SDU were combinations of UO2, U4O9, U3O8, and UO3. By SEM, the MDU and UO
x
from MDU had identical morphologies comprised of large agglomerates of rounded particles in an irregular pattern. SEM-EDX revealed pockets of high U and high Mg content distributed throughout the materials. The SDU and UO
x
from SDU had slightly different morphologies. The SDU consisted of massive agglomerates of platy sheets with rough surfaces. The UO
x
from SDU was comprised of massive agglomerates of acicular and sub-rounded particles that appeared slightly sintered. Backscatter images of SDU and related UO
x
materials showed sub-rounded dark spots indicating areas of high Na content, especially in UO
x
materials created in the presence of steam. SEM-EDX confirmed the presence of high sodium concentration spots in the SDU and UO
x
from SDU. Elemental compositions were found to not change between pre and post reduction of MDU and SDU indicating that reduction with or without steam does not affect Mg or Na concentrations. The identification of Mg and Na impurities using SEM analysis presents a readily accessible tool in nuclear material analysis with high Mg and Na impurities likely indicating processing via MDU or SDU, respectively. Machine learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) found that the MDU and SDU had unique morphologies compared to previous publications and that there are distinguishing features between materials created with and without steam.
Bayesian Reconciliation of Return Predictability
Authors: Koval Borys , Frühwirth-Schnatter Sylvia , Sögner Leopold 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article considers a stable vector autoregressive (VAR) model and investigates return predictability in a Bayesian context. The bivariate VAR system comprises asset returns and a further prediction variable, such as the dividend-price ratio, and allows pinning down the question of return predictability to the value of one particular model parameter. We develop a new shrinkage type prior for this parameter and compare our Bayesian approach to ordinary least squares estimation and to the reduced-bias estimator proposed in Amihud and Hurvich (2004. “Predictive Regressions: A Reduced-Bias Estimation Method.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39: 813–41). A simulation study shows that the Bayesian approach dominates the reduced-bias estimator in terms of observed size (false positive) and power (false negative). We apply our methodology to a system comprising annual CRSP value-weighted returns running, respectively, from 1926 to 2004 and from 1953 to 2021, and the logarithmic dividend-price ratio. For the first sample, the Bayesian approach supports the hypothesis of no return predictability, while for the second data set weak evidence for predictability is observed. Then, instead of the dividend-price ratio, some prediction variables proposed in Welch and Goyal (2008. “A Comprehensive Look at the Empirical Performance of Equity Premium Prediction.” Review of Financial Studies 21: 1455–508) are used. Also with these prediction variables, only weak evidence for return predictability is supported by Bayesian testing. These results are corroborated with an out-of-sample forecasting analysis.
Physicochemical contrivance for exploring host-guest inclusion complex of a significant green solvent with a cyclic oligosaccharide and its innovative application optimized by computational approach
Authors: Debnath Subhajit , Mondal Modhusudan , Sinha Anuradha , Roy Niloy , Ghosh Biswajit , Mallick Kangkan , Rajbanshi Biplab , Roy Debadrita , Ray Tanusree , Sarkar Shukdeb , Maji Joydeb , Roy Mahendra Nath 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Our modern study is going to inspect new inclusion phenomena between the 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bdmim]BF4 ionic liquid (IL) and the host α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) by a 1:1 ratio and newly formed inclusion complex was further explored by the 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, PXRD, DSC, and SEM analysis. Molecular docking was also performed to investigate the encapsulation of the inclusion complex in which orientation and it have been seen that the IL [Bdmim]BF4 enters into the α-CD cavity with a 1:1 ratio was further established with the help of Job’s plot. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of [Bdmim]BF4 IL and its inclusion complex was verified against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.