bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segment disaggregation and equity‐based pay contracts
Authors: Cho Young Jun , Seo Hojun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe study the role of segment disaggregation in equity‐based pay contracts in diversified firms. Disaggregated segment disclosures can improve the observability of managerial actions in internal capital markets and thus increase implicit incentives for managers to allocate resources as desired by shareholders, substituting for explicit incentives provided to CEOs. We use the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 as an identification strategy and find that firms affected by this segment reporting mandate significantly decreased the provision of equity‐based incentives in the post‐adoption period, especially for firms with higher operating volatilities. This effect is also more pronounced for firms with weaker board monitoring in the pre‐adoption period but with stronger external monitoring in the post‐adoption period. Overall, our results suggest that disaggregated segment disclosures reduce the use of equity‐based pay contracts in diversified firms by enhancing the monitoring of managers.
Transthoracic impedance variability to assess quality of chest compression in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Magliocca Aurora , Castagna Valentina , Fornari Carla , Zimei Gabriele , Merigo Giulia , Penna Alessio , Carlson Jonas , Fumagalli Francesca , Stirparo Giuseppe , Migliari Maurizio , Coppo Anna , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Grasselli Giacomo , Hardig Bjarne Madsen , Ristagno Giuseppe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChest compression is a lifesaving intervention in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the optimal metrics to assess its quality have yet to be identified. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a new parameter, that is, the variability of the chest compression‐generated transthoracic impedance (TTI), namely ImpCC, which measures the consistency of the chest compression maneuver, relates to resuscitation outcome.MethodsThis multicenter observational, retrospective study included OHCAs with shockable rhythm. ImpCC variability was evaluated with the power spectral density analysis of the TTI. Multivariate regression model was used to examine the impact of ImpCC variability on defibrillation success. Secondary outcome measures were return of spontaneous circulation and survival.ResultsAmong 835 treated OHCAs, 680 met inclusion criteria and 565 matched long‐term outcomes. ImpCC was significantly higher in patients with unsuccessful defibrillation compared to those with successful defibrillation (p = .0002). Lower ImpCC variability was associated with successful defibrillation with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.993 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.989–0.998, p = .003), while the standard chest compression fraction (CCF) was not associated (OR 1.008 [95 % CI, 0.992–1.026, p = .33]). Neither ImpCC nor CCF was associated with long‐term outcomes.ConclusionsIn this population, consistency of chest compression maneuver, measured by variability in TTI, was an independent predictor of defibrillation outcome. ImpCC may be a useful novel metrics for improving quality of care in OHCA.
The effect of trust and social pressure on member commitment in agricultural cooperatives – Evidence from China
Authors: Hao Jinghui , Bijman Jos , Heijman Wim , Gao Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMember commitment has an impact on the viability and success of cooperatives. While there are studies on member engagement in European and American cooperatives, empirical research on member commitment in Chinese agricultural cooperatives is rare. Using a sample of 391 farmer cooperative members in China, this study investigates the factors associated with member commitment, particularly whether trust in the cooperative leadership and social pressure at village level affect member commitment. In addition, the study explores the pathway how trust and social pressure affect member commitment by employing structural equation modelling. Our results show that both trust and social pressure are positively associated with the three components of member commitment – affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment – in a direct way. Furthermore, trust in the leadership impacts affective commitment indirectly via the mediation of member participation. These findings can be used by cooperative leaders, policy makers and rural administrators to strengthen member commitment and thereby the economic viability of agricultural cooperatives and the communities in which they are embedded.
The FGF14GAA repeat expansion in Greek patients with late‐onset cerebellar ataxia and an overview of the SCA27B phenotype across populations
Authors: Kartanou Chrisoula , Mitrousias Alexandros , Pellerin David , Kontogeorgiou Zoi , Iruzubieta Pablo , Dicaire Marie‐Josée , Danzi Matt C. , Koniari Chrysoula , Athanassopoulos Konstantinos , Panas Marios , Stefanis Leonidas , Zuchner Stephan , Brais Bernard , Houlden Henry , Karadima Georgia , Koutsis Georgios 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA pathogenic GAA repeat expansion in the first intron of the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (FGF14) has been recently identified as the cause of spinocerebellar ataxia 27B (SCA27B). We herein screened 160 Greek index cases with late‐onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA) for FGF14 repeat expansions using a combination of long‐range PCR and bidirectional repeat‐primed PCRs. We identified 19 index cases (12%) carrying a pathogenic FGF14 GAA expansion, a diagnostic yield higher than that of previously screened repeat‐expansion ataxias in Greek LOCA patients. The age at onset of SCA27B patients was 60.5 ± 12.3 years (range, 34–80). Episodic onset (37%), downbeat nystagmus (32%) and vertigo (26%) were significantly more frequent in FGF14 expansion‐positive cases compared to expansion‐negative cases. Beyond typical cerebellar signs, SCA27B patients often displayed hyperreflexia (47%) and reduced vibration sense in the lower extremities (42%). The frequency and phenotypic profile of SCA27B in Greek patients was similar to most other previously studied populations. We conclude that FGF14 GAA repeat expansions are the commonest known genetic cause of LOCA in the Greek population and recommend prioritizing testing for FGF14 expansions in the diagnostic algorithm of patients with LOCA.
XAI‐driven model for crop recommender system for use in precision agriculture
Authors: Naga Srinivasu Parvathaneni , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal , Woźniak Marcin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAgriculture serves as the predominant driver of a country's economy, constituting the largest share of the nation's manpower. Most farmers are facing a problem in choosing the most appropriate crop that can yield better based on the environmental conditions and make profits for them. As a consequence of this, there will be a notable decline in their overall productivity. Precision agriculture has effectively resolved the issues encountered by farmers. Today's farmers may benefit from what's known as precision agriculture. This method takes into account local climate, soil type, and past crop yields to determine which varieties will provide the best results. The explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technique is used with radial basis functions neural network and spider monkey optimization to classify suitable crops based on the underlying soil and environmental conditions. The XAI technology would provide assets in better transparency of the prediction model on deciding the most suitable crops for their farms, taking into account a variety of geographical and operational criteria. The proposed model is assessed using standard metrics like precision, recall, accuracy, and F1‐score. In contrast to other cutting‐edge approaches discussed in this study, the model has shown fair performance with approximately 12% better accuracy than the other models considered in the current study. Similarly, precision has improvised by 10%, recall by 11%, and F1‐score by 10%.
A DNA nanostructure‐Hif‐1α inducer complex as novel nanotherapy against cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Chen Yuanchong , Xu Jiangshan , Shi Sirong , Ma Wenjuan , Cui Weitong , Yan Ran , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSince its discovery in 1978, cisplatin‐based chemotherapy regimens have served a pivotal role in human cancer treatment, saving millions of lives. However, its high risk still poses a significant challenge for cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI), which occurs in 30% of cisplatin‐treated patients. Unfortunately, no effective solution for preventing or managing this severe complication, which greatly impacts its clinical administration. Kidney is the main organ injured by cisplatin, and the injury is related to cisplatin‐induced cell apoptosis and DNA injury. Therefore, to achieve the safe use of cisplatin in tumour treatment, the key lies in identifying a kidney treatment that can effectively minimize cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Here, we successfully synthesized and applied a DNA‐nanostructure complex, named TFG, which contains tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) and FG‐4592, a novel Hif‐1α inducer. As cargo, TFG is composed entirely of DNA strands. It possesses low nephrotoxicity and renal aggregation properties while FG‐4592 is able to relieve renal injury by downregulating the apoptosis signal pathways. And it can relieve cisplatin‐induced renal injury when taken cisplatin treatment. This work aims to enhance chemotherapy protection in tumour patients by using TFG, a DNA‐based nanomedicines to kidney. This work has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of renal diseases, particularly drug‐induced kidney injury, leading to improved clinical outcomes.
Venomous snakebites: Exploring social barriers and opportunities for the adoption of prevention measures
Authors: Carter Harrison , Glaudas Xavier , Whitaker Romulus , Chandrasekharun Gnaneswar , Hockings Kimberley , Nuno Ana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNegative interactions between humans and venomous snakes are increasing, with the World Health Organization committed to halving snakebite deaths and disabilities by 2030. Evidence‐based strategies are thus urgently required to reduce snakebite events in high‐risk areas, while promoting snake conservation. Understanding the factors that drive the adoption of snakebite prevention measures is critical for the effective implementation of snakebite management strategies. We conducted in‐person questionnaires (n = 535 respondents) with rural agricultural communities within the Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu, India, a national snakebite hotspot. Using a health belief model framework, we explored current snakebite prevention measures and factors impacting their adoption. The majority of respondents reported using multiple snakebite prevention measures. Perceived self‐efficacy and perceived risk frequency of snakebites were important overall predictors of future adoption, whereas education, gender, relative wealth, and current adoption were important for specific measures. Achieving international commitments to support human–snake coexistence will require collective and collaborative action (e.g., governments, donor agencies, civil society organizations, researchers, and communities) underpinned by behavioural insights and context‐specific solutions.
Pattern of use and clinical outcomes with rIX‐FP in pediatric/adolescent patients with haemophilia B in Italy: Results from IDEAL real‐world study
Authors: Giordano Paola , Pollio Berardino , Sottilotta Gianluca , Biasoli Chiara , Daniele Filomena , De Cristofaro Raimondo , Peyvandi Flora , Villa Maria Rosaria , Castaman Giancarlo ,   the IDEAL Study Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate pattern of use and clinical outcomes in pediatric/adolescent patients enrolled in the IDEAL study.MethodsThis post‐hoc analysis of IDEAL retrospective‐prospective observational study focused on patients <18 years, 100% on prophylaxis during the entire observation period.ResultsThirteen subjects (median age 10.0 years; 61.5% ≤ 11 years) were analyzed. The infusion frequency changed from 2/week in 84.6% (N = 11) of patients with previous rFIX, to less than 1/weekly in 76.9% (N = 9) with rIX‐FP and the annualized number of infusions reduced of 57% (p = .002), from a mean ± SD of 95.1 ± 22.77 to 40.4 ± 6.79, respectively. Annualized mean consumption decreased of about 56% (p = .001), from 3748.4 ± 1155.40 IU/kg with previous rFIX, to 1656.8 ± 456.63 IU/kg of rIX‐FP. Mean FIX trough level changed from 3.0% ± 1.98% to 10.92% ± 3.6%. Low mean Annualized Bleeding Rate was maintained across all prophylaxis regimens (0.8 ± 1.69 vs. 0.3 ± 0.89) and zero bleeding patients moved from 69.2% (N = 9) with previous rFIX to 84.6% (N = 11) with rIX‐FP (p = .63). Two adverse events, none related to rIX‐FP, occurred in two patients. No inhibitors development was reported.ConclusionsThe results in this pediatric/adolescent subgroup support rIX‐FP prophylaxis may reduce infusion frequency, while providing high FIX trough levels, stable annualized bleeding rate and a good safety profile.
Prioritizing beliefs and the formation of expectations
Authors: Ehrig Timo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow do expectations for novel opportunities—like Amazon from the perspective of 1998—come about? To form such expectations, decision‐makers need to derive plausible conclusions that go beyond the available information by interpreting it with the help of theories. I explain why asymmetric expectations among rational individuals can exist, even when information is symmetric: Differences in the willingness to question of (defined as “a preference ordering over”) elementary theoretical explanations of the novelty bring about heterogeneity in final expectations. I further argue that one source of better expectations is the skill to choose the relative willingness to question beliefs and thus the skill to integrate theories. I identify the skills of decision‐makers to detect and resolve inconsistencies and to decide when to give up beliefs again as sources of advantages in forming expectations.
Equine ulcerative keratitis in the Netherlands (2012–2021): Bacterial and fungal isolates and antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Verdenius Clara Y. , Slenter Inge J. M. , Hermans Hanneke , Broens Els M. , Djajadiningrat‐Laanen Sylvia C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative keratitis is a common ophthalmic disease in horses which can be complicated by microbial infection and requires immediate, accurate treatment to prevent loss of visual function or the eye.ObjectivesTo report the results of microbial cultures, antibiotic susceptibility tests and corneal cytology in horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to a referral clinic, to assess agreement between cytology and culture results, to investigate whether previous topical treatment affected microbial culture results and whether the incidence of antimicrobial resistance changed during the study period.Study designRetrospective analysis.MethodsCase characteristics and results of cytology and microbial cultures were retrieved. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2 or Fisher's exact test and McNemar test.ResultsSamples for bacterial culturing (n = 187), fungal culturing (n = 153) and cytology (n = 153) were collected from 178 horses. Bacterial and fungal cultures were positive in 36% (n = 67) and 20% (n = 30), respectively. Staphylococcus (n = 35/67; 48%), Streptococcus (n = 12/67; 16%) and Aspergillus species (n = 22/30; 81%) were most frequently found. Microorganisms were observed in 14% of cytology samples (n = 22/153). Acquired antibiotic resistance was commonly observed amongst Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Acquired antibiotic resistance to gentamicin was more common in cases previously treated with gentamicin (p < 0.001). The incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance did not increase significantly between Cohort 2012–2017 and Cohort 2018–2021. Neither bacterial nor fungal culturing results were in agreement with cytology findings (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). In 6 of 104 samples that were negative on fungal culturing, cytology revealed fungal elements.Main limitationsDue to the retrospective nature of this study, some case characteristics and test results were unavailable.ConclusionsAcquired resistance was commonly observed amongst Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, and in bacteria previously exposed to topical gentamicin. The incidence of acquired antibiotic resistance did not increase over time. When fungal cultures prove negative, cytology may have some added benefit in identifying keratomycosis.
Carers' experiences and perspectives of the use of anticholinergic medications in people living with dementia: Analysis of an online discussion forum
Authors: Shawaqfeh Bara'a , Hughes Carmel M. , McGuinness Bernadette , Barry Heather E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is concern about the use of anticholinergic medications in people living with dementia (PLWD). Such medicines may increase cognitive decline and may be associated with higher mortality in PLWD who take these medicines. The aim of this study was to analyse data from an online dementia discussion forum to explore the experiences and perspectives of PLWD and carers about the use of anticholinergic medicines in this population.MethodsFollowing receipt of ethical approval, archived discussions (posts) from Dementia Talking Point, a fully public online forum for anyone affected by dementia, created and maintained by the Alzheimer's Society, were searched from the date of inception to January 2022 using a range of search terms including commonly used anticholinergic medicines. Posts, including any of the search terms, were assessed for relevance and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFive hundred and fifty unique posts were analysed, all of which had been provided by carers, with no posts attributed to PLWD. The themes that encompassed carers' experiences were (1) motivators of prescribing, (2) perspectives on the process of prescribing and (3) the outcomes of prescribing. The dominant motivator of prescribing was the management of noncognitive symptoms, pre‐ and postdiagnosis of dementia. Carers' perspectives on the process of prescribing were informed by an assessment of the risk‐benefit of starting a medication and shared decision‐making between the carer and healthcare professional to a greater or lesser degree. The outcomes of prescribing were observing the effects of the medicines, which in turn influenced whether prescribing was reviewed and continued unchanged, continued but amended, reinitiated if the medicine had been previously stopped or discontinued (the process of deprescribing).ConclusionThis study has provided unique insights into carers' experiences and perspectives about the use of anticholinergic medications in PLWD, highlighting how commonly these medications are prescribed for PLWD and carers' concerns about their use. There is a clear need for carers and PLWD to receive information about these medicines and healthcare professionals to consider how to optimise the use of these medicines to avoid adverse effects.Patient or Public ContributionThis work was informed by findings from previous research studies focusing on optimising medicine use for people with dementia in primary care, in which interviews were conducted with PLWD, their carers and primary healthcare professionals. Although not strictly patient and public involvement, we utilised the feedback provided by key stakeholders to inform the research questions and aim/objectives of this study.
Reconnection of cysteine in reduced hair with alkylene dimaleates via thiol‐Michael click chemistry
Authors: Wu Yuwen , Ma Ling , Chen Timson , Chang Kuan , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesConventional hair permanent waving (PW) and permanent straightening processes typically involve two steps: reduction, for breaking ‐S‐S‐ bond in cystine into cysteine and oxidation for ‐S‐S‐ bond reconnection. However, it is known that the hair incurs damage during the oxidation step. In this work, we proposed a novel strategy to reconnect reduced disulfide bonds in hair via the thiol‐Michael click reaction, by using a symmetric Michael reagent.MethodsVirgin black Chinese hair was reduced using 8% wt thioglycolic acid and employed as model hair containing a high content of broken disulfide bonds. The reduced hair was treated with 1,4‐n‐butylene dimaleate. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used to verify the chemical changes occurred in untreated and treated hair fibre. Single‐fibre mechanical properties and thermal properties of the hair were evaluated using tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively.ResultsThe 1,4‐n‐butylene dimaleate could reconnect free thiol groups generated by disulfide bond reduction via thiol‐Michael click reaction and significantly improve the mechanical strength of hair compared to that of the reduced hair. Secondary conformational resolution analysis of FT‐IR results revealed that the content of α‐helix structure could be restored after treatment with 1,4‐n‐butylene dimaleate. The intermolecular forces established by the newly generated C‐S bonds compensate the broken disulfide bonds and enhance the fracture strength of the hair compared to that of reduced hair. Michael reagents of similar structure also showed similar performance in restoring the mechanical properties of reduced hair.ConclusionsOur data suggest that 1,4‐n‐butylene dimaleate can restore the mechanical properties of reduced hair by reconnecting reduced disulfide bonds and restoring the secondary conformation of hair keratin.
A strategy for low thermal conductivity of lutetium oxyorthosilicate ceramics fabricated via texture engineering
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Fan Lingcong , Pan Heng , Zhang Xue , Shi Ying , Xie Jianjun , Lei Fang , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubmicrometer lutetium‐gadolinium oxyorthosilicate ((Lu0.95Gd0.05)2SiO5, LGSO) powder with a magnetic susceptibility of 4.19 10−6 (5.4 times that of lutetium oxyorthosilicate) was synthesized via a sol‐gel method. Slip casting with a 6 T assisted magnetic field and pressureless sintering at 1600°C for 16 h in the air effectively produced the textured LGSO ceramics with an orientation factor f of 0.96. The grains of textured LGSO ceramics grow with the preferred orientation along the b‐axis. The thermal conductivity of the textured LGSO ceramics reaches only 2.05 W·m−1·K−1 at 300 K, which is 34.5% lower than that of untextured LGSO ceramics. Textured LGSO ceramics provide increased fracture toughness. This work presents a microstructural design method for RE2SiO5 ceramics to regulate thermal and mechanical properties through texture engineering, as well as advice for the selection or optimization of RE2SiO5 ceramics as a Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) material.