bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Cultural Factors and Engaging in Guided Imagery and Music: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Yoshihara Nami , Acebes-de-Pablo Alberto , Honig Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) is now practiced and taught on every inhabited continent. With this international growth of GIM, both GIM therapists and clients have unique cultural backgrounds that are often different from the US American context in which the method was originally developed. According to this reality, we undertook a cross-cultural study to explore how cultural factors relate to ways in which GIM clients engage in the therapeutic process. This research study is based on a qualitative and interpretivist approach that utilized thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Six GIM advanced trainees from three countries (Japan, Spain, and the US) participated in the study. Eight themes emerged that describe significant cultural factors that affected the initial stages of engaging in GIM as clients: personal experiences with non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC); spirituality; physical distance; linguistic expression; professional/academic background; socio-economic aspects; social norms/expectations; and non-directive facilitation/attitudes. The first seven of these themes constituted aspects of the participants’ individual sociocultural backgrounds that shaped their initial experiences of and expectations for GIM sessions and affected their GIM engagement. The eighth theme emerged as a transcultural factor in which a non-directive approach used by their GIM therapists allowed participants to engage in GIM more readily and form a new set of norms and expectations within their GIM sessions. Our research suggests that as participants developed a new set of norms and expectations as they acclimated to GIM, the therapist’s non-directive stance provided a bridge between these two sets of social or cultural norms.
Phase-type distributions for product return data with two-layer censoring
Authors: Wang Yudong , Ye Zhi-Sheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Product return data, such as warranty claims, are usually subject to two layers of right censoring. The first layer, called warranty censoring, applies to the product lifetime due to a fixed warranty limit. The second layer, called end-of-study censoring, applies to the sum of the sales lag and the lifetime due to the end-of-study date for the data collection. The two-layer censoring in the product return data renders traditional nonparametric methods for right-censored data inapplicable. This study develops a generic method for the two-layer censored data using acyclic phase-type distributions (APHDs) in the canonical form. The APHD estimators can be regarded as nonparametric sieve estimators since the family of APHDs is dense in the field of all positive-valued distributions. Based on the property that the class of APHDs is closed under convolution, a dedicated expectation-maximisation algorithm is proposed to compute the maximum likelihood estimators. Comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it with the inverse probability of censoring weighted approach, which is applicable in the absence of warranty censoring. Two real examples from production-delivery supply chains are analysed by the proposed method to provide guidance on warranty reserve management for the manufacturers.
‘Frontline corruption and emigration in the Western Balkans’
Authors: López García Ana Isabel , Maydom Barry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow does frontline corruption influence individuals’ decisions to emigrate? Existing research has found that perceptions of grand political corruption promote emigration, particularly among the highly educated. In this article, we shift the focus to the role of frontline corruption in driving emigration decisions and distinguish between the effects of the payment of bribes to frontline bureaucrats and those of nepotism in public employment. Using data from the Balkan Barometer for the period 2018–21, we find that both bribe-paying experiences and perceived public-sector nepotism are important emigration drivers. Our findings also reveal that the more highly educated an individual is, the greater the influence of perceived nepotism on the emigration decision. However, the influence of first-hand experiences with bribery is larger and remains similar across education categories. Our analysis emphasizes the need to disaggregate the varied manifestations of corruption when examining the determinants of (high-skilled) emigration. This article contributes to our understanding of the drivers of emigration in the Western Balkans and the wider corruption–migration nexus.
Load Carrying Walking Test for the Special Operation Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic
Authors: Bugala Martin , Bernaciková Martina , Struhár Ivan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The subject of this study was the creation of a new type of laboratory walking stress test for the Special Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic. This study developed a test model that has been validated in practice and that reflects the fact that the performance of endurance without and with a load varies considerably. Especially, if we focus on operators, as their activities are always performed with loads/full gear (equipment, weapons, equipment, etc.).

Materials and Methods
24 men/operators from the Special Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic volunteered for this study. The maximal exercise test/spiroergometry was designed to include performance at a load of 55 kg/121 lb, a constant speed of 5.3 km/h, and an increase in incline angle of 1 degree after each elapsed minute. The test was performed on a treadmill under standard time, location, and temperature conditions. During the test, the following values were recorded: VO2 = oxygen consumption indicating the intensity of the exercise was monitored, VO2/kg = oxygen consumption converted to body weight, VO2/HR = pulse oxygen (the amount of oxygen converted in one heartbeat), HR = heart rate, VE = ventilation, volume of air exhaled in 1 min, breathe frequency (BF) = respiratory rate in 1 min.

Results
Out of the total number of 24 respondents, the study found these mean values of variables. The variable mapping the oxygen consumption, which indicates the intensity of VO2 loading, was 3.8, with the lowest value being 3.2 and the highest being 4.5. After converting oxygen consumption to bodyweight, VO2/kg was 46, the lowest value of 38.8, and the highest 53.0 were measured for this variable. Pulse oxygen, i.e., the amount of oxygen calculated per heart contraction VO2/HR, was 20.5, the lowest value 16.0, and the highest 26.0. The average HR heart rate was 183.5, with the lowest value being recorded at 164 and the highest value is 205. Ventilation, i.e., the amount of exhaled air per minute in VE, was measured at 144.9, the lowest value was 114.7, and the highest was 176.6. The BF in 1 min was 58.5, the lowest value 35, and the highest 70. The mean time load was 10:20 min, the shortest test length was 7:25 min, and the longest was 13:23 min. These values correspond to the degree of inclination of the ascent, i.e., the mean value was 10 degrees, the smallest achieved slope was 7 degrees, and the largest 13 degrees.

Conclusion
The designed weighted walking test proved to be fully functional and effective in measurement. The further established protocol corresponds to the requirements of the current needs of the Special Forces of the Army of the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the walking stress test is applied for the external and internal selection and screening of operators. Data obtained from testing were used to develop deployment requirements for patrol/nuclear combat missions.
Return to Duty Following Exertional Heat Stroke: A Review
Authors: Koo Caitlyn J , Hintz Courtney , Butler Cody R 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exertional heat stroke (EHS), which presents with extreme hyperthermia and alteration to the central nervous system, disproportionately affects the military, where warfighters are expected to perform in all types of environmental conditions. Because of an incomplete understanding of individualized recovery from EHS, there are several shortcomings with the current guidance on return to duty (RTD) following an EHS. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an updated literature review of best practices for return to duty following EHS to guide decision making regarding EHS and explore areas of future research for medical staff who work with warfighters.

Materials and Methods
A literature review related to EHS in both athlete and military populations, as well as any existing guidelines for RTD, was conducted using PubMed and Covidence.

Results
Twenty-one articles were identified for this updated review on EHS and RTD, with recommendations focused during and after an EHS event, as well as the role of heat tolerance testing (HTT).

Conclusions
EHS has a high morbidity and mortality rate if not treated rapidly. Because the extent of end-organ damage is dependent on the amount of time that the individual is hyperthermic, rapid diagnosis via rectal thermometry, and efficient cooling methods are imperative to the wellbeing of EHS patients. Following EHS, gradual RTD recommendations within the limits of operational demand should be implemented to reduce the risk for a subsequent heat injury event. While many versions of HTT, most notably the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) protocol, have been created to guide RTD recommendations, a universal assessment for heat tolerance has yet to be adopted. As such, medical personnel should apply a multifactorial approach to ensure safe RTD.
Correlates of Chinese Police Job Satisfaction
Authors: Liu Jianhong , Lambert Eric G , Jiang Shanhe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Very little research has been conducted on how workplace variables are associated with Chinese police job satisfaction. The present study fills this gap. Using responses from 589 Chinese police officers, the association of job satisfaction with workplace job demands (i.e. role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload, and perceived dangerousness of the job) and workplace job resources (training, job variety, job autonomy, and quality supervision) were tested. Ordinary least squares regression analysis indicated that role conflict, role overload, and dangerousness of the job all had non-significant associations with job satisfaction. Role ambiguity was a significant negative predictor, while training, job variety, job autonomy, and quality supervision all had significant positive relationships with job satisfaction. The results indicate that Chinese police administrators need to reduce role ambiguity and to improve training views, job variety, job autonomy, and quality supervision, which, in turn, should increase the level of satisfaction gained from the job by officers.
‘Dawn’ hexapods in Cenozoic ambers (Diplura: Campodeoidea)
Authors: Sánchez-García Alba , Sendra Alberto , Davis Steven R , Grimaldi David A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Diplura are an ancient group of basal (apterygote) hexapods that thrive in various cryptic terrestrial habitats. Despite an ancient origin that extends at least to the Devonian period, the dipluran fossil record is exceedingly sparse. Here, we document five very rare fossil specimens of the family Campodeidae in amber from the Miocene of the Dominican Republic and the Eocene of the Baltic region. Microscopic preservation in amber provides unique detail for taxonomic placement of small, delicate, soil- and leaf litter-dwelling organisms like these. New taxa include the following: in Lepidocampinae, Lepidocampa glaesi sp. nov. (in Dominican amber); and in Campodeinae, Litocampa eobaltica sp. nov. (in Baltic amber) and Rostricampa engeli gen. et sp. nov. (in Dominican amber). Rostricampa has an extraordinary rostrum formed by sclerotized extensions of the clypeus and, probably, the labium, unique among diplurans. These new taxa provide rare additional data on the fossil record of the earliest diverging lineages of the hexapods and shed light on their evolution and ecology.
A Retrospective Analysis of Serious Adverse Events and Deaths in US-Based Lifestyle Clinical Trials for Cognitive Health
Authors: Key Mickeal N. , Shaw Ashley R. , Erickson Kirk I. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Vidoni Eric D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis retrospective analysis assessed the serious adverse events and deaths reported in lifestyle clinical trials designed to enhance cognitive health in older adults living in the United States. Data was collected from studies conducted between January 1, 2000, and July 19, 2023, using theClinicalTrials.govapplication programming interface. Our query revealed that 76% of these studies did not report trial results. The remaining studies with reported results were categorized under one of four intervention types: Cognitive/Behavioral, Exercise/Movement, Diet/Supplement, and Multi-modal. When all trial types are considered together, the results indicate that lifestyle clinical trials are safe, with no significant increase in relative risk of experiencing an SAE in an intervention group over a control group. And although the increase in relative risk of death in an intervention group over a control group was significant at 28% (X2(1, N = 36), p < 0.00688), the probability of death was not higher than the U.S. mortality rates by age. When assessing the data using intervention type, Diet/Supplement trials and Multi-modal trials both had an increase in relative risk of experiencing an SAE in the intervention over the control group, with Diet/Supplement trials at 16% (X2(1, N = 2), p < 0.0263) and Multi-modal trials at 365% (X2(1, N = 5), p < 0.000213). The Diet/Supplement trials also had an increased risk of death at 67% (X2(1, N = 2), p < 0.000197). These results should be taken with careful consideration. Due to such a low reporting rate, the 36 studies included in this analysis do not accurately represent the majority of lifestyle clinical trials conducted in the U.S. This study is valuable in that it highlights the importance of reporting clinical trial results, which will improve transparency in trial results and allow for more accurate assessments of safety in the growing field of cognitive aging and lifestyle interventions for older adults.
Impact of nucleos(t)ide analogues on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients: A time-dependent Cox regression analysis
Authors: Moriyama Makoto , Tateishi Ryosuke , Kinoshita Mizuki Nishibatake , Fukumoto Tsuyoshi , Yamada Tomoharu , Wake Taijiro , Nakagomi Ryo , Nakatsuka Takuma , Minami Tatsuya , Sato Masaya , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe preventive effect of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) use on HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is controversial due to the difficulty of conducting randomized controlled trials.Approach and ResultsIn this single-center, retrospective study, NA-naïve CHB patients without a history of HCC were enrolled and followed-up from the first visit on or after January 2000 to December 2020. Patients were categorized into the NA group, including those who started NA after study enrollment, and the non-NA group, including patients to whom NA was never administered during the follow-up period. After propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the confounding factors, we applied a multivariable time-dependent Cox proportional regression analysis with the initiation of NA as a time-dependent covariate. We further performed a subgroup analysis according to the presence or absence of cirrhosis. The baseline characteristics of 212 pairs of patients retrieved by PSM were comparable. During the mean follow-up of 12.9 and 6.8 years in the NA and non-NA groups, respectively, 25 and 28 patients developed HCC, respectively. Multivariable analysis with time-dependent covariates showed that NA did not affect HCC risk (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.36–1.31;p= 0.25) after adjusting for other risk factors, including age, sex, and HBV viral load. Subgroup analysis showed that NA use significantly reduced the risk of HCC in cirrhotic patients (HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08–0.85;p= 0.03).ConclusionsThe preventive effect of NA on hepatocarcinogenesis may be limited to cirrhotic patients.
Trajectories of Neurologic Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Henry E. , Hu Chengcheng , Barnhart Bruce J. , Jansen Jan O. , Spaite Daniel W. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLittle is known about the trajectory over time of neurologic recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to determine long-term changes in neurologic status after prehospital clinical trial interventions for acute TBI.METHODSWe used data from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline (ROC HS) TBI Trial. The trial included adult TBI, with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)≤8 and excluded those with shock (systolic blood pressure (SBP)≤70, or SBP 71-90 with HR≥108). The primary outcome was Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E; 1=dead, 8=no disability) determined at: a) hospital discharge and b) 6-month follow-up. We analyzed changes in GOS-E between hospital discharge and 6-month follow-up by examining median changes with exact 95% confidence intervals (CI), mean changes with bootstrapped 95% CIs and Sankey graphs. We repeated the analysis for the high acuity subset of patients undergoing prehospital advanced airway insertion.RESULTSAmong 1,279 TBI subjects included in the analysis, GOS-E categories at hospital discharge were: favorable (GOS-E 5-8) 220 (17.2%), unfavorable (GOS-E 2-4) 664 (51.9%), dead (GOS-E 1) 321 (25.1%), missing 74 (5.8%). GOS-E categories at 6-month follow-up were: favorable 459 (35.9%), unfavorable 279 (21.8%), dead 346 (27.1%), missing 195 (15.2%). Among initial TBI survivors with complete GOS-E, >96% followed one of three neurologic recovery trajectories: 1) favorable to favorable (20.0%), 2) unfavorable to favorable (40.3%), and 3) unfavorable to unfavorable (36.0%). Few patients deteriorated from favorable to unfavorable neurologic status and there were few additional deaths.CONCLUSIONNeurologic recovery after TBI follows distinct trajectories. Among those with TBI and unfavorable neurologic status at hospital discharge, almost half will improve to favorable neurologic status at six months. Among those with favorable neurologic status at discharge, very few worsen to unfavorable neurologic status or death at six months. These findings have important implications for TBI clinical care, research and trial design.
Oral Anticoagulant Use by Emergency Medical Services Patients in the United States
Authors: Wang Henry , Yu Mengda , Chu Ching Min , Sharkey-Toppen Travis P. , Hyer J. Madison , Nassal Michelle , Delamare Alix , Powell Joanthan , Wei Lai , Panchal Ashish 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEOral anticoagulant (OAC) use raises the risk of death in life-threatening conditions such as hemorrhagic stroke, trauma and traumatic brain injury. We sought to describe the national characteristics of Emergency Medical Services patients with a history of OAC use.METHODSWe used prehospital electronic medical record data from 2018-2020 from the ESO Data Collaborative. We included adults (age≥18 years) receiving 911 EMS care. OAC use included warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban. We determined the incidence of EMS calls by OAC users as well as their variation by EMS agency. We compared EMS call, patient, and response characteristics between OAC and non-OAC users, including primary impressions and hospital diagnoses.RESULTSThere were 16,244,550 adult 911 EMS events, including 906,575 by OAC users (56 per 1,000 911 events). Compared with non-OAC users, OAC users were more likely to be older (73.6 vs. 56.9 years), white (78.0% vs. 51.4%) and non-Hispanic (84.5% vs. 78.0%). Incidents involving OAC users were more likely at nursing homes, rehabilitation or long-term care facilities (17.0% vs. 9.2%) but less likely to involve trauma (14.7% vs. 18.1%) or cardiac arrest (1.2% vs. 1.4%). Among OAC users, the most common EMS primary clinical impressions were chest pain (7.4%), altered mental status (7.3%), injury (6.5%), abdominal pain (4.3%), and brain injury (2.8%).CONCLUSIONSIn this national series of prehospital events, 1 in 18 adult EMS encounters involved OAC users. These results provide key perspectives on the presentation of the OAC users in EMS care.
Intradermal Administration of Rescue Dose of Antiemetics in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Maekawa-Matsuura Minami , Shimizu Natsuko , Sakamaki Yuri , Oya Eri , Shimizu Sakiko , Iwase Yoichiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAntiemetic therapy is provided to patients with cancer to prevent chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), based on the emetic risk of anticancer agents. However, breakthrough CINV can occur despite appropriate antiemetic prophylaxis. It is preferable to administer the rescue dose of antiemetics in breakthrough CINV that occur at home, in a form that is immediately effective and that can be easily self- administered by the patient. In the present study, we examined and compared the blood pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous (SC) injection, a preferred route of self-injection, and intradermal (ID) injection, a less invasive route, with an aim of developing simple self- injectable rescue antiemetics. A single administration of four kinds of antiemetics via SC and ID routes in rats resulted in lowerTmaxvalues compared with previously reported oral administration, indicating that the administration of antiemetics via ID and SC routes may be effective in providing faster antiemetic effects and to alleviate patient symptoms.
Role of charge in enhanced nuclear transport and retention of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Gorav Gorav , Khedekar Vrushali , Nandakumar P. , Varier Geetha K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nuclear pore complexes on the nuclear membrane function as the sole gateway of molecular communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm regulating the transport of molecules, including nucleic acids and proteins. The present study seeks to undertake a comprehensive investigation of the kinetics of transport of negatively charged graphene quantum dots through nuclear membranes and quantify their nuclear transport characteristics and translocation rates. Experiments are carried out in permeabilized HeLa cells using time-lapse confocal fluorescence microscopy. Introducing negative charge onto biomolecular probes leads to electrostatic interaction with the nuclear pore complexes resulting in significant changes in their nuclear translocation rates. We find that the negatively charged graphene quantum dots are transported to the nuclei at a fast rate and two distinct transport pathways are involved in the translocation. Furthermore, complementary experiments on the nuclear import and export of these graphene quantum dots confirm the bidirectionality of transport with similar translocation rates. Our studies also show that negatively charged graphene quantum dots exhibit good retention properties revealing their potential as excellent drug carriers.Statement of significanceThe nuclear pore complexes control the bidirectional transport of biomolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The noteworthy behaviors exhibited by negatively charged graphene quantum dots with respect to the nuclear uptake show their potential utility not only as drug carriers but also as facilitators for the retention of drugs within the nucleus. The fast import of carriers helps to achieve faster drug delivery, and the retention ensures the passing of the drug to daughter nuclei.Graphical abstract