bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time And Revision: Literary Processes At Work In. The Acts Of Peter
Authors: Thomas Christine M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both oral tradition and literary composition played a role in the development of the various texts in the trajectory of the Acts of Peter. Moreover, oral and written sources cannot be dichotomized; they overlap in time. At no point was it suddenly decided that stories about Peter would henceforth cease to be told orally and that further development of the narrative would be committed only to writing. In the strict sense, this oral activity cannot be investigated, for any trace it left beyond the moment of its performance would either be in the memories of the audience, now long dead, or in writing, the substitute for memory.
Toward 1968: The Discourse in Formation
Authors: Rushdy Ashraf H A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the course of the sixties, American historians, social activists, and organic intellectuals contributed to the creation of a new discourse on slavery that shaped, and continues to shape, the options of cultural workers representing American chattel slavery: Three broadly defined topics emerged as particularly significant: violence, property, and identity. These three topics assumed a prominent place in this new discourse on slavery because they so effectively demonstrated the connections between the political climate of the sixties and the long-term effects the institution of slavery had on American social life.
The Possession of Resistance: Ishmael Reed’s Flight to Canada
Authors: Rushdy Ashraf H A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the first of the Neo-slave narratives appeared in 1976, the “sixties” was becoming an object of discourse, criticism, and ambiguous nostalgia, a process that began in the late sixties, gained strength in the early seventies, and flourished in the bicentennial year. There were good reasons both for the rise in nostalgia in the seventies and for the ambiguous character of that nostalgia. For one thing, the seventies was a pallid decade marked by political corruption, social indifference, and economic malaise, whereas the sixties, the early to mid-sixties at least, had been politically idealistic; culturally adventurous, and economically healthy.
Reading 1922
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This engaging study returns to a truly remarkable year, the year in which both Ulysses and The Waste Land were published, in which The Great Gatsby was set, and during which the Fascisti took over in Italy, the Irish Free State was born, the Harlem Renaissance reached its peak, Charlie Chaplin’s popularity crested, and King Tutankhamen’s tomb was discovered. In short, the year which not only in hindsight became the primal scene of literary modernism but which served as the cradle for a host of major political and aesthetic transformations resonating around the globe. In his previous study, the acclaimed Dialect of Modernism (OUP, 1994), Michael North looked at the racial and linguistic struggles over the English language which gave birth to the many strains of modernism. Here, he expands his vision to encompass the global stage, and tells the story of how books changed the future of the world as we know it in one unforgettable year.
Introduction
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According To Ezra Pound, The Christian Era Ended On October 30, 1921, R\ When James Joyce Wrote the final words of Ulysses.. Actually, Pound had proclaimed the end of the Christian era at least once before, but this time he was serious enough also to propose a new calendar, in which 1922 became year 1 of a new era.1 For better or for worse, the new calendar never saw much use outside the pages of the Little Review, in which it was first proposed; but Pound did succeed, nonetheless, in making people think of 1922 as a year in which something definitively new had happened. By helping to bring both Ulysses and The Waste Land into print, Pound had introduced to the public the two works that would constitute, in the words of Gilbert Seldes, “a complete expression of the spirit which will be ‘modern’ for the next generation.”2 Ever since, the coincidental publication of these two works in 1922 has been taken as signifying a definitive break in literary history.
Translation, Mistranslation, and the Tractatus
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For the times literary supplement,; one of the notable intellectual events of 1922 was the hundredth anniversary of the science of comparative philology. In early April the TLS commemorated the publication of Jakob Grimm’s Deutsche Grammatik, which introduced the theory of consonantal shift that came to be known as Grimm’s Law, and also took advantage of the date to review a few contemporary works on language. According to the anonymous reviewer, these betrayed “a certain barrenness in modern linguistics!’The works under review, which included Otto Jespersen’s Lan&lt; uage, did not, in the opinion of this reviewer, count for much in comparison to the great ambitions of early philology for an all-inclusive science of language. If it had waited just a few months, however, the TL,S might have included in its survey two works that were to make the modern study of language every bit as fruitful as nineteenth-century philology, if in an entirely different way. Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Pbilosophicus,, which appeared in November, began the famous “linguistic turn;’ which has made the study of language the centerpiece of contemporary philosophy, and Bronislaw Malinowski’s Argonauts of the Western Pacific, reviewed by the TLS in July, focused attention on the context of speech in a way that was to be crucial for ordinary language philosophers such as Firth and Austin. Since they are not often mentioned together, it is somewhat surprising to see how closely associated these two works were in the Cambridge of 1922.
Across the Great Divide
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One Of The Most significant cultural events of 1922 took place some time late in the year outside the Winter Garden in New York. There, Gilbert Seldes, managing editor of The Dial and frequent contributor to to Vanity Fair, among other magazines and journals, announced his new writing project to a somewhat incredulous audience of two.1 Though his first audience was skeptical, the project, published in 1924 as The Seven Live!J Arts, was a success, so much so that it is remembered even today as “the first sustained examination and defense of American popular culture.”2 It seems fairly safe to say, in fact, that before The Seven Live!J Arts, American popular culture received no such examination and defense because it was not even recognized as a possible field of criticism. Writing about the movies, vaudeville, popular music, musical comedy, newspaper columns, and the comics together in one place gave these ephemeral forms of art a collective weight that helped to counterbalance critical prejudice against them. So when Seldes announced his new book project, he was announcing the birth of “American popular culture” as a critical category, as a concept independent, to some extent, of its individual constituents.
The Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota Its History as Depicted in Louise Erdrich ‘s Love Medicine and The Beet Queen
Authors: Maristuen-Rodakowski Julie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Panic so Vividly depicted by Louise Erdrich is felt by Albertine Johnson, a fifteen-year-old who is running away from home--not an atypical situation, except that Albertine is a Native American and the home she runs away from is a reservation, one similar to the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation in north central North Dakota. Albertine sits in a bus depot in Fargo, North Dakota, her destination, her panic partly attributable to the fact that she’s never been away from home alone. Through the depiction of the fictitious lives of multiple generations in Love Medicine and The Beet Queen, Erdrich portrays the movement from an Indian culture to American culture, with the process of assimilation culminating in one individual in particular, Albertine Johnson.
Erdrich and Dorris’s Mixed-bloods and Multiple Narratives
Authors: Owens Louis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite The Import A”&lt; c E (l F N. Scott Momaday’s Pulitzer Prize for House Made of Dawn in 1969, no American Indian author has achieved such immediate and enormous success as Louise Erdrich with her first novel, Love Medicine. A best-seller, Love Medicine not only outsold any previous novel by an Indian author, but it also gathered an impressive array of critical awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction in 1984, the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters award for best first novel, the Virginia McCormack Scully Prize for best book of 1984 dealing with Indians or Chicanos, the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation, and the LA. Times award for best novel of the year.
Celebrating Culture Love Medicine
Authors: Ruppert James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary Native American Writers have therefore a task quite different from that of other writers I’ve mentioned. In light of enormous loss, they must tell the stories of contemporary survivors while protecting and celebrating the cores of cultures left in the wake of catastrophe. Louise Erdrich, “Where I Ought to Be” Love Medicine is a dazzling, personal, intense novel of survivors, who struggle to define their own identities and fates in a world of mystery and human frailty. In her writing, Louise Erdrich attempts both to protect and celebrate this world. To effectiwly assume the roles of protector and celebrant, Erdrich must mediate between two conceptual frameworks, non-Native and Native, in order to avoid future catastrophes. She endeavors to manipulate each audience so that it will experience the novel through the paths of understanding unique to each culture, thus assuring protection and continuance of a newly appreciated and experienced Native American epistemological reality.
Opening the Text Love Medicine and the Return of the Native American Woman
Authors: Silberman Robert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Louis Fernrich ‘ s Love Medicine opens with June Kashpaw, middle-aged Chippewa woman, wasting time in the oil boom town of Williston, North Dakota, while waiting for a bus that will take her back to the reservation where she grew up. She allows herself to be picked up by a white man in a bar; after a short, unsatisfying (for her) bit of lovemaking in his pickup, she takes off, cutting across the snowy fields as a storm begins to hit. There is a narrative break and then we learn that she has frozen to death.
Interviews with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris
Authors: Erdrich Louise , Wong Hertha D , Dorris Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dorris: Louise had two stories that were independent stories, “Scales” and “The Red Convertible.” They were published independently and then there was a contest for the Nelson Algren Award for which they solicited stories of some five thousand or so words. We got the announcement that it was due by the fifteenth of January, and this was the first of January, and we just got back from vacation, and so we started talking about it and out of that grew “The World’s Greatest Fisherman,” the opening story of the novel Love Medicine, and we sent it off and thought of all the things that were wrong with it and what we would revise when it came back, and lo and behold, it won that contest. There were thousands of entries. We said, if it’s that good maybe we ought to think about expanding this and telling that same story because there are many stories in that story, from other points of view. And that expanded to developing the characters of Nectar and Marie and Lulu and on and on.
Reading between Worlds Narrativity in the Fiction of Louise Erdrich
Authors: Rainwater Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
LouI serdrich in A contemporary writer of German American and Chippewa heritage. Like many literary works by Native Americans, her novels, Love Medicine (1984), The Beet Queen (1986), Tracks (1988), and The BinBo Palace (1994) reflect the ambivalence and tension marking the lives of people, much like herself, from dual cultural backgrounds. Erdrich’s novels feature Native Americans, mixed-bloods, and other culturally and socially displaced characters whose marginal status is simultaneously an advantage and a disadvantage, a source of both power and powerlessness.1 In Love Medicine, for example, Lipsha Morrissey, born with the shaman’s healing touch, grows up with both Native American and Roman Catholic religious beliefs. His knowledge of both religions is sometimes an advantage, but at other times he is merely paralyzed between contradictory systems of belief. In The Beet Queen, Wallace Pfef, marginalized as a homosexual in a small midwestern town, plays an ambivalent role as Karl Adare’s lover and as husband-and-father substitute to Karl’s wife and daughter. His liminal status is a source of both happiness and grief. In Tracks, Erdrich’s two narrators likewise struggle with liminality in their efforts to leave behind early lives in favor of others they have chosen.
Reading Louise Erdrich Love Medicine as Home Medicine
Authors: Sarris Greg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yuur grandmother didn‘t want to be Indian,” my Auntie Violet remarked as she put down the photograph of my grandmother I had given her. She leaned forward in her chair, as if for a closer inspection, one last look at the picture, then sat back with resolve. “Nope,” she said, “that lady wanted to be white. She didn’t want to be Indian. I’m sorry to tell.”
Rose Nights, Summer Storms, Lists of Spiders and Literary Mothers
Authors: Erdrich Louise 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once Again My roses are blooming outside the window, a tough rugosa called Therese Bugnet. Their full, glowing, pink heads droop directly outside the screen, heavy with last night’s rain-their fragrance a clear, unspeakable luscious berry, sweet as thunder. The churr of wood frogs is still loud in the night. Clouds darken in the north. Storms hammer down from Quebec. The sky crackles, a cellophane sheath crumpled suddenly overhead. Gnats, bloodsucking, hairline loving, bite raw welts into our napes. On the outermost petal of the farthest blossom, I spy something black, large, and velvet. A huge spider made of plush. It is an opulent thing, its legs thick and curved, its eyes blue glowing spots. There’s a screen between the two of us. Still, I am startled when it jumps. It moves with such mechanical and purposeful energy. Blossom to blossom, stuffing aphids into its jaws with thick limbs, mandibles clashing, it hunts.
Chronology of Events in Love Medicine
Authors: Beidler Peter G , Barton Gay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Order oF Events in Love Medicine at first seems confusing. Although Erdrich often gives dates along with the titles to the various stories, and though after the first one, these stories are presented in chronological order, many of them include references to earlier incidents whose dates are unspecified. Thus, in the following summary we have rearranged the novel’s most important events and presented them in chronological order. The dates are taken either from the chapter heads or from internal evidence. Where we have guessed at a date we include a parenthetical indicator (?) of the uncertainty. Dates that are uncertain in Love Medicine but are revealed in another novel (without contradicting Love Medicine) are supplied in square brackets [1919]. Readers may also be confused by the fact that in the expanded (1993) edition of Love Medicine Erdrich has not only added new material but changed some of the old. In the first edition, for example, Eli and Nector are twins, while in the expanded edition Eli is said to be Rushes Bear’s “y0ungest son” (IM, 101). That fact is in turn contradicted by information in Tracks, where Nector, born about 1908, is said to be the “younger brother” (Tr, 39) of Eli, who is born around 1898.
Introduction
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book has been organized so that it may be read in a number of different ways, for there are as many ways to read poems as there are readers of poetry. Ideally, I would prefer that my readers read the entire book from start to finish. But if you are the sort of reader who prefers to experience a poem for the first time on your very own terms, then I advise you to stop here and turn immediately to my translations. Or if you are a reader who is interested in poetry from only one of the three traditions represented within these pages, you can match the appropriate essay with the poems that it discusses. However, I have written and organized this book with a specific goal in mind. The essays contained in part 1 are to serve as a guide to the poems in part 2, with the hope that readers can develop an approximate sense of what it may have been like to have heard them or read them as connoisseurs. The poems themselves have been orga¬ nized according to a “conversational” convention that is accepted by readers and writers in all three languages. Each poem is keyed by text and source language, and I encourage my readers to “appreciate” these poems in ways that are the most consonant with their individ¬ ual readerly habits and aesthetic sensibilities.
Reading the Sanskrit Amarufataka
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When foregrounded against the diverse categories of Sanskrit literary genres, it becomes apparent that the Amarusataka represents a part of a distinct movement away from the traditional mythic materials and categories that earlier Sanskrit poets and dramatists, such as Kalidasa, drew upon. As V. Raghavan, Siegfried Lienhard, and others have pointed out, the Amarusataka “is really a continuation in Sanskrit of the Prakrit tradition of love poetry begun in Hala’s Ga ā thasā ptasat ī with the exception of a few interpolated poems by other authors, it is the first anthology of short erotic poems in Sanskrit.”
Reading the Prakrit Gathas
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to most accounts, the Gathasaptasatl is the oldest extant anthology of poetry from South Asia containing our very earliest examples of secular verse.1 The language of this anthology, Maharastrf Prakrit, is classified by linguists as one of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, all of which (except for Apabhramsa) are included under the generic name Prakrit. The Middle Indo-Aryan category includes dialects from inscriptions dating from the third century b.c.e. through the fourth century c.E., as well as certain literary languages.
The Advice of Older Women to Their Young Friends "Love's Ways Are Like This as Curled os the Tendrils of New Cucumber"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nineteen poems in this chapter depict responses made by girlfriends to the requests, complaints, and concerns expressed by the young women in the preceding section. The narrative in this section unfolds with an older confidante’s address to a guileless heroine, marking the moment at which the older, more experienced woman notices the stirrings of love manifested by her younger friend’s gestures and glances. Poems 8.2-8.7 are composed on a theme that was quite popular with the poets of all three traditions, that of an older confidante dispensing words of wisdom and encouragement to her young friend Poem 8.4, a Prakrit gatha, is a sample "script" provided by the confidante to the heroine in order to instruct her; readers will see enactments of this ploy in later sections, ripened into mature arguments between unhappy men and women. In poems 8.8-8.12, the confidante chides the heroine when she has taken her anger and pouting a bit too far. The Amarufataka verse in this group-numbered 8.8, 8.10, and 8.11-are particularly fine examples of a popular context in which a confidante advises a particular type of heroine found in Sanskrit and Prakrit convention, the abhisarika, a woman who is preparing herself for a secret meeting with her lover under the cover of darkness. The stunning simile in poem 8.14, a Prakrit gatha, serves to praise the heroine's fair complexion as well as to encourage the young women in her romantic endeavors. In poems 8.16-8.19, the older confidante again dispenses sage advice. The Prakrit gathain this group, numbered 8.16, 8.17, and 8.19, are observations that the confidante makes to a group of her own peers, to a young pregnant wife, and to a new bride, respectively. Poem 8.18, a longer Tamil narrative poem from Narrinai, records the words of a confidante to a heroine in the palai landscape of abject separation.
Women Speak to Their Lovers "Who Can Show Somebody the Workings of the Heart by Tearing It in Two?"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The eighteen poems in this chapter are all from the Prakrit anthology Gathasaptafati: they all are direct addresses from women to their lovers. The Prakrit language (especially the Prakrit of this anthology, Mahara.Hri) was regularly used by poets and dramatists to represent the manner in which women and children speak-it is softer and spoken in indistinct murmuring tones-but is also chosen to express the thoughts and artifices of women embroiled in illicit affairs because it is a language that promotes ambiguity and multiple interpretations. It is used as a vehicle to represent feminine wit and indirection of speech. This section opens with two poems in which the heroine directly expresses her jealousy and envy to her lover. Poems 12.3-12.7 record women’s words as they quarrel and complain to their men; the commentators place poem 12.4 in the mouth of a married woman who is expressing her disgust for her own husband to her lover. Poems 12.8 and 12.9 are spoken by clever heroines as they drop hints to potential lovers. Poem 12.10 is quite unusual (compare it to poem 7.15). Commentator Gangadharabhana writes that these are the words of a woman who is “commenting on the passionate nature of women in general, in order to steal away her lover’s heart.” Poems 12.11 and 12.12 serve as indirect indications to the man that favorite trysting spots have been wrecked; the latter poem is the address of an unfaithful wife to her lover. Poem 12.13 is spoken by a sexually experienced heroine to her clumsy lover, and poem 12.14 is obviously an early Prakrit model for some of the poems on a similar thems found in later Sanskrit collections. Please see chapter 5 for interpretations for poems 12.15-12.18, which, according to Gangadharabhatta, are spoken by the women to her lover in flagrante delicto to help him "last longer."
The Voices of Other Women "Like Water Boiled, Then Cooled,Love's Taste Goes Flat"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book ends with a group of eight poems, all of them spoken by the “other women” in the love triangles that have been so well described in many of the previous chapters. The designation “other woman” includes all kinds of women, actually: lovers, concubines, courtesans, prostitutes, and elderly madams. The first three poems in this series, all of them from the Prakrit Gathasaptaf ati, are spoken by old bawds. In poem 18.1, an elderly whore teases a young lover about his habitual trips to the riverbank for trysts. Poem 18.4, from the Tamil anthology Ainkur.unur.u, is spoken by a parattai, literally “another woman,” to her confidante “within earshot of the wife’s companions,” according to U. Ve. Caminataiyar's gloss. In poem 18.5, a love-weary courtesan speaks in eloquent despair to her procuress, and in poem 18.6, a Prakritgatha, the other woman, using the ruse of addressing a honey flower bush, suggests an ideal meeting place to her lover. According to the commentators, poem 18.7 is an address made by an "unchaste" woman to her own heart. Poem 18.8, however, is the most achingly poignant of the lot-a bitter, lonely boast made by the other woman to her lover's companions as his wife gives birth to a boy.