bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Strength, High Barrier Polymeric Packaging Film Based on Multilayered Structure
Authors: Lee Junhyuk , Seo Young Jin , Kang DongHo , Park Chi Hoon , Shim Jin Kie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPolyolefins have attracted considerable attention as packaging materials because of their outstanding light weight, flexibility, strength, transparency, and facile processability. However, because of their high permeability, polyolefins were usually used with high barrier material (i.e., ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), nylon, polyvinylidene dichloride) for packaging applications, resulting limited recycling of packaging films. Herein, we manufacture high strength, high barrier linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) films with a limited amount of EVOH using co‐extruder with layer multiplier. To achieve high barrier and high strength property, structures of films were carefully designed to have 1, 2, 4, 8 layers of EVOH while maintaining the overall thickness of EVOH and LLDPE. The oxygen permeability of multilayer films was significantly decreased from 0.1 to 0.01 cc/m2·day·atm when the films have eight layers of EVOH. In addition, the mechanical properties of multilayer films, such as elongation and toughness, were improved as decrease the thickness of each EVOH layer. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to confirm that O2 was stagnant between the LLDPE and EVOH interfaces.
Abundance and Residency Patterns of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Freshwater‐Influenced Estuaries of the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Bouveroux Thibaut , Sinclair Carrie , Barry Kevin , Clance Lauren , Hansen Joseph J. , Mullin Keith D. , Rosel Patricia , Carmichael Ruth H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMultiple stressors are affecting common bottlenose dolphins in the northern Gulf of Mexico, including two embayments in Alabama, Mobile Bay (MOB) and Perdido Bay (PER), where no comprehensive abundance estimates and residency data are currently available. This study provides the first seasonal abundance estimates and residency patterns for bottlenose dolphins in MOB and PER and discusses the effects of seasonal entry of large volumes of freshwater on dolphin abundance. In MOB, abundance estimates were larger in summer, with the highest abundance recorded in summer 2022 (1712 dolphins, 95% CI: 1520–1928) and the lowest in winter 2019–2020 (518 dolphins, 95% CI: 260–1032). The opposite pattern was found in PER, where abundances were larger in winter, with the highest abundance in winter 2021–2022 (191 dolphins, 95% CI: 157–232) and the lowest in summer 2020 (100 dolphins, 95% CI: 81–122). Stronger residency patterns were found in PER, with 28% (n = 52) encountered in more than three seasons compared to MOB where only 9% (n = 57) were encountered in more than three seasons, and considered resident dolphins. The two studied embayments support a larger number of dolphins than previously documented and likely provide seasonally different resources, indicating high and potentially complex use of these estuaries. Combined with other data concurrently collected in this area, this study will inform conservation management and strategies for these highly impacted dolphin stocks.
Osteogenic Evaluation of 3D‐printed PLA scaffolds Integrated with Khellin‐loaded Chitosan‐Alginate Sponges for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Ganesamoorthi Srinidhi , Sathiya Kumar , Mohan Sahithya , Shanmugavadivu Abinaya , Lekhavadhani Sundaravadhanan , Babu Sushma , Selvamurugan Nagarajan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBone tissue engineering (BTE) offers promising strategies for bone regeneration, yet the effective delivery of bioactive molecules remains a challenge. Khellin (KH), a plant‐derived furanochromone, possesses various biological properties, though its potential in promoting osteogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds were integrated with KH‐loaded chitosan‐alginate sponges (PLA/ALG/CS‐KH) to facilitate controlled and sustained delivery of KH. Using sol‐gel and freeze‐drying techniques, KH was incorporated at varying concentrations (60, 70, and 80 μM) to enhance its bioavailability. Comprehensive physicochemical analyses demonstrated that KH incorporation did not alter the scaffolds’ porosity, swelling capacity, protein adsorption, degradation rates, or biomineralization potential. In vitro studies revealed that the PLA/ALG/CS‐KH scaffolds were biocompatible with mesenchymal stem cells and effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation, particularly at a concentration of 70 μM KH. These results suggest that PLA/ALG/CS‐KH scaffolds have significant potential as osteoinductive platforms for BTE applications, providing a novel approach for enhancing bone regeneration through the sustained release of KH.
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Dual‐Emission Liquid Crystal Polymer Optical Waveguide for Logical Gate
Authors: Li Jie , Hao Tian‐Tian , Chen Jin‐Kang , Huang Jiang , Chen Yi , Cai Jia‐Hao , Guan Yan , Li Heng , Xie He‐Lou 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInformation security has emerged as a critical concern in contemporary society. Leveraging optical logic gates with dual‐emission characteristics offers a promising approach to enhancing information security. However, designing active optical waveguide materials (OWMs) capable of fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual emission remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present a room‐temperature phosphorescent liquid crystalline polymer (RTP LCP) as active OWMs exhibiting fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual emission and a low optical loss coefficient (OLC) for implementation in optical logic gates. The resulting RTP LCP exhibits a smectic phase between 25 °C and 90 °C, followed by nematic phase between 90 °C and 110 °C, with a phosphorescence lifetime of 2.77 ms. Subsequently, the RTP LCP is processed into oriented liquid crystal fibers and encapsulated in polymethyl methacrylate. Optical waveguide experiments demonstrate that these oriented liquid crystal fibers exhibit fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual emission, with low OLCs of 0.20 dB/mm at 490 nm and 0.17 dB/mm at 565 nm. Furthermore, these dual‐emission active OWMs are successfully applied to optical logic gates. This work holds significant implications for the development of active OWMs with fluorescence‐phosphorescence dual emission, advancing their potential applications in optical logic gates.
One‐Step Green Hydrothermal‐Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Quantum Dots From Robinia hispida L. Flowers, and Flourimetric Detection of Au3+ Ions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Başoğlu Aysel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWater‐soluble fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized via a single‐step, eco‐friendly hydrothermal process using Robinia hispida L. flowers as a novel carbon source. Advanced characterization techniques (HRTEM, XRD, XPS, FTIR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy) revealed spherical CQDs with an average size of 3.96 ± 0.83 nm and a quantum yield of 5.13%. Under 365 nm UV light, the CQDs emitted blue fluorescence. Fluorescence quenching studies with various metal ions showed a significant 93.5% reduction in FL intensity with 500 μM Au3+ ions. At pH 7.0, a linear detection range of 0.5–3.5 μM was achieved, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.4 and 1.2 μM, respectively. The non‐functionalized CQDs effectively detected Au3+ ions in tap, drinking, and river water, acidic mine drainage (sludge), and a standard reference material (CRMSA‐C Sandy Soil C), achieving spike recoveries of 96.06%–101.71% with variability below 4.13%.
“Pancreata: The Keto Struggle”: an innovative educational tale‐based game for diabetic ketoacidosis revitalizes collaborative learning, learner's engagement among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Surapaneni Krishna Mohan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTraditional didactic teaching methods in medical education, while foundational, often lead to passive learning and insufficient engagement. “Pancreata—The Keto Struggle,” an educational tale‐based game for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), was developed to address these challenges by promoting collaborative learning, enhancing student engagement, and improving knowledge retention through an interactive and narrative‐driven approach. This study involved 150 first‐year medical students divided into 25 small groups of 6 each. Participants were assessed before and after engaging with the game through a structured formative assessment, a validated questionnaire measuring engagement and learning effectiveness, and a confidence level questionnaire. In‐depth small‐group interviews were also conducted for qualitative feedback and thematic analysis was performed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17. The introduction of “Pancreata—The Keto Struggle” resulted in significant improvements in students' formative assessment scores, from a mean of 19.2 ± 1.9 before the game to 39.3 ± 2.2 out of 50 after the game (p < 0.0001). Notably, students demonstrated the highest confidence gains in managing DKA and interpreting laboratory results. Qualitative analysis identified seven common themes reflecting the game's impact on learning: collaboration, retention of concepts, internal drive, self and peer assessment, joyful learning, beyond books, and aesthetic content. Over 95% of students reported increased engagement and learning effectiveness due to the game's intrinsic motivation, narrative, and group learning mechanics. “Pancreata—The Keto Struggle” effectively revitalizes collaborative learning in medical education by integrating game‐based learning with traditional teaching methods. The game not only facilitates a deeper understanding of complex clinical conditions like DKA but also broadly improves students' clinical management skills and confidence. These findings underscore the potential of educational tale based games to enrich medical education and advocate for their broader application across curricula.
Stabilization of a Terminal Hydride Through Regioselective Protonation in a Diiron Complex Inspired by [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase
Authors: Chatelain Lucile , Stripp Sven T. , Schollhammer Philippe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractProtonation studies of the complex [Fe2(μ‐pdt)(κ2‐dmpe)2(CO)2] (1), inspired by the [FeFe]‐hydrogenases active site cofactor, yield terminal and bridging hydrido isomers in a ratio that depends on the acid strength and steric hindrance. A terminal hydride ligand is mainly obtained in presence of weaker acids such as [HPtBu3][BF4] and [HNEt3][BF4] while a bridging isomer is predominantly formed with stronger acids such as [HPPh3][BF4] and [H(OEt2)][BF4]. The terminal isomer is comparatively stable and undergoes isomerization into the bridging hydride following first‐order kinetics, with half‐lives of 21 days and 3 days at room temperature and 40 °C, respectively.
Effect of Choice of Flavor of Fluoride Varnish on Behavior in Dental Visits in Schoolchildren
Authors: Karim R. , Splieth C. H. , Schmoeckel J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the effect of choosing the taste of a fluoride varnish on the behavior and acceptance of the children during the dental visit.Material and MethodsThis single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial (NCT05285228) involved 70 healthy children aged 5–10 years who presented for a dental recall visit including the indication of an application of fluoride varnish to the specialized pediatric university dental service. The control group received the fluoride varnish (Profluorid varnish, VOCO Germany) with an allocated taste, whereas the test group had to choose the taste of the fluoride varnish just before the dental check‐up.ResultsThe vast majority of the children (n = 53, 75.7%) felt happy/very happy (Facial image scale) regarding the taste of the fluoride varnish, with no significant difference between both groups (p = 0.188). Dental behavior (Frankl behavior rating scale) was assessed generally as positive/definitely positive (n = 58, 82.2%). Interestingly, children with a history of previous negative dental behavior in the test group showed a tendency of more positive behavior than in the control group (66.6% vs. 33.4%, p = 0.244).ConclusionSense of control performed via choosing the flavor of the fluoride varnish increases the chance for positive behavior during the dental visit, especially in children with a history of negative dental behavior. Concurrently, it improves the child's taste acceptance, which is important for dental caries prevention.Trial RegistrationThe study protocol was registered on Cli ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05285228).
Differential Expression of Hard Tissue Proteins in Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars in Comparison to Normal Teeth
Authors: Jessica Sharon , Sekar Ramya , Ghosh Snehashish , Dhungel Safal , B. Kavitha , Ramakrishnan Mahesh , Jh Shazia Fathima , Prasad Monisha , I. Jaiganesh , Subramani Sindhu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to identify the proteins in hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPMs) and correlate their function in Amelogenesis. HSPM is a qualitative defect of the enamel of the second primary molars with no clear etiology.Material and MethodsTotal protein quantification was performed using the Bradford Protein Assay, followed by the electrophoretic separation of samples using 2D‐Gel electrophoresis to identify the proteins.ResultsThe results from the Bradford Protein Assay unveiled a five‐fold increase in the protein content in HSPM. Proteins such as Dentin sialo‐phosphoprotein (DSPP), Keratin, type I, Serum Albumin, Anti‐thrombin III, Alpha‐1‐Antitrypsin, Histone H3.2, Actin, Heat shock Protein, Vimentin, Desmoglein‐3, Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, Inosine‐5'‐monophosphate dehydrogenase 2, Zinc Alpha 2 glycoprotein, Lysozyme C, Prothrombin, Vit‐D binding Protein, Apolipoprotein A‐1, Defensin 1, Immunoglobulin Gamma, Immunoglobulin Kappa, and Alpha‐Amylase were all upregulated (p < 0.05) in HSPM.ConclusionThis investigation conclusively demonstrates that HSPM‐affected teeth have higher protein content than healthy teeth. The study also supports the theory of proteolytic inhibition attributed to reduced protease activity and heightened protease inhibitor activity.
Steroid Injection Treatment for Nodulocystic Acne: A Literature Review
Authors: Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Cheuk Hung , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNodulocystic acne is a severe form of acne characterized by inflamed nodules and cysts, often causing significant emotional distress and scarring. While oral corticosteroids are commonly used to treat nodulocystic acne, they can have systemic side effects. Intralesional corticosteroid injections offer a targeted and localized approach, reducing the risk of systemic side effects.ObjectiveThis literature review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of steroid injections for the treatment of nodulocystic acne.MethodA comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies on the use of intralesional corticosteroids for nodulocystic acne. Studies were included if they reported on the use of intralesional corticosteroids as a primary treatment modality for nodulocystic acne.ResultsThe review included studies that reported on the use of intralesional corticosteroids for nodulocystic acne. The results suggest that steroid injections can be an effective treatment option, with significant reductions in lesion size and severity reported in several studies. The addition of lincomycin to intralesional corticosteroids was found to enhance therapeutic efficacy, while cold anesthesia was effective in reducing pain during injections. Proper technique and dosage are essential to minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of complications.ConclusionThis review suggests that steroid injections can be a valuable treatment option for nodulocystic acne, offering targeted and localized delivery of corticosteroids with reduced risk of systemic side effects. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and establish optimal treatment regimens.
Organic Transformations Utilizing 1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]Dec‐5‐Ene (TBD): A Tale of Two Nitrogens
Authors: Blue Lan Chunling , Auclair Karine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) is a bicyclic guanidine with booming applications. Bearing both a sp2‐hybridized nitrogen and an adjacent N−H bond, TBD is a multifunctional and versatile reagent that is able to promote a variety of organic transformations. Although advancements with TBD in the polymer field have been well reviewed and documented, summaries that focus on synthetic methodologies are scarce. This review intends to provide a concise overview of synthetic methods utilizing TBD published over the past two decades. Classified based on the primary function of TBD, diverse transformations are described, and reaction mechanisms are incorporated when necessary. Examples from various fields are covered, including methodology developments, natural product syntheses, medicinal chemistry applications, as well as industrial utilizations.
Blockchain Empowered Quantum Safe Batch Aggregate Signature Algorithm for Authenticated Data Trading in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Singh Rahul , Das Laxminarayan , Chaudhary Dharminder 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper contains a quantum‐safe and efficient blockchain‐based data trading framework designed for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). With the proliferation of connected vehicles, there is a growing need for quantum‐safe and trustworthy data sharing among vehicles, roadside infrastructure, and service providers. Due to Shor's algorithm, most of the existing traditional authenticated data delivery algorithms supporting blockchain will not work. The proposed framework supports blockchain's decentralized nature to ensure the authenticity of data and its transparency while minimizing the computational overhead to suit the distributed IoV communication environment. We have designed a blockchain‐based data trading framework for the IoV, utilizing practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (pBFT) consensus to ensure authentic transactions. With respect to gaining consensus efficiency, the general Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) framework uses an all‐to‐all message pattern to reach final decision block. To reduce the cost of communication complexity from to , aggregation of signatures has been used in the proposed blockchain consensus framework. Moreover, consensus mechanisms like Proof of Work (PoW) may not be applicable to IoV networking systems due to their comparatively high energy consumptions. This framework is scalable in terms of key generation time, and the storage complexity is less as compared to the storage complexity of the non‐aggregated signature methods. The proposed module lattice‐based aggregation of signatures offers approximately 58% faster rate of reading the blocks with respect to existing techniques. The consensus process benefits significantly from the implementation of aggregated signatures and verification, resulting in average energy consumption between 1.8% and 6.4%.
Modelled Water Temperature Patterns and Energy Balance of a Threatened Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem
Authors: Zeighami Aida , Kurylyk Barret L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoastal water temperatures control physical, chemical, and biological processes and are expected to rise due to future changes in freshwater temperature and flow rates, heat exchange with the warming atmosphere, and thermal interactions with a changing ocean. However, the thermal sensitivity of transitional, coastal water bodies to climate change remains poorly understood, due partly to a lack of knowledge on present‐day thermal controls in these settings. Accordingly, we applied a coastal hydrodynamic model (MIKE 3 FM), with a coupled thermal module to simulate hydrodynamics and water temperature variability in the Basin Head lagoon, a federally protected coastal ecosystem in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. Field data from the lagoon were used to calibrate and assess the numerical model, while atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic data were used to form the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary conditions. The model successfully reproduced tidal water level oscillations as well as diurnal and semi‐diurnal (tidal) temperature fluctuations. Model results show longitudinal, cross‐shore, and vertical thermal variability within the lagoon, including pronounced thermal variability near the bed and near the inlet due to tidal pumping. Model results and field data highlight the thermal sensitivity of the lagoon during heat waves; however, distinct cold‐water plumes at freshwater inputs (springs and groundwater‐dominated streams) persisted, with temporally averaged temperatures in these zones up to 18 °C colder than the ambient lagoon. Although, these freshwater inflows can dominate local energy budgets, the surface heat fluxes, especially shortwave radiation, exert the dominant control on the lagoon‐wide energy budget. Collectively, the model findings emphasise the interacting effects of atmospheric, hydrologic, and oceanic forcing on the spatiotemporal patterns of water temperatures in this threatened coastal ecosystem.
Latent Profile Analysis of Moral Foundations: Emotional and Decisional Forgiveness Approaches to Models of Morality
Authors: Skalski‐Bednarz Sebastian Binyamin , Toussaint Loren L. , Kwiatkowska Anna , Mendrek Adrianna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study delves into the intricate relationship between morality and episodic forgiveness (i.e. emotional and decisional), guided by moral foundations theory. Survey data were collected from 927 English‐speaking Canadians, aged 18–57, using the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, Decision to Forgive Scale, and Emotional Forgiveness Scale. Employing latent profile analysis, the research revealed three distinct moral foundation profiles—high moralists, individuators, and neutrals—each linked to different levels of decisional and emotional forgiveness. Further analysis using MANOVA and follow‐up ANOVAs indicated that the high moralist group exhibited higher scores in both forgiveness dimensions compared to the individuator and neutral groups, whereas the individuator group reported higher emotional forgiveness than the neutrals. These findings illuminate the significance of moral development in forgiving and underscore the utility of moral profiling based on moral foundations theory in predicting episodic forgiveness.