bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of erectile dysfunction on the quality of life of men after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Meyer J.‐P. , Gillatt D.A. , Lockyer R. , Macdonagh R. 
Published: November 2003

OBJECTIVETo report on the first use of a quality‐of‐life (QoL) measure specific for erectile dysfunction (ED), the ‘ED effect on QoL’ (ED‐EQoL), to assess the effect of ED on QoL after radical prostatectomy (RP).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively identified 89 patients who had undergone RP at one institution. Each was sent the ED‐EQoL and a second questionnaire asking whether they had been counselled before RP about possible ED afterward.RESULTSThe response rate was 91% and the median time since RP 92 months; 76% of those who were potent before RP were impotent afterward. The overall results showed that the QoL of 72% of patients was moderately or severely affected. For each question, on average a third of the patients reported that their QoL was affected either ‘quite a lot’ or ‘a great deal’.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that ED after RP has a profound effect on QoL; it is therefore important when assessing ED to use an ED‐specific QoL questionnaire such as the ED‐EQoL to measure the psychosocial effect of ED, in addition to using an instrument such as the International Index of Erectile Function to measure the functional aspects of ED.
Outcome of patients with continent urinary reconstruction and a solitary functioning kidney
Authors: Shaaban A.A. , Mosbah A. , Abdel‐Latif M. , Mohsen T. , Mokhtar A.A. 
Published: November 2003

Authors from Mansoura evaluated the outcome of patients with continent urinary diversion who had a single functioning kidney. They recommend a regular follow‐up of renal function in such patients. They found that rectal diversion was associated with a higher renal functional loss than orthotopic or cutaneous reservoirs. In the second article, the authors from Cairo describe the value of dynamic three‐dimensional spiral CT cysto‐urethrography in evaluating post‐traumatic posterior urethral defects.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcome of patients with continent urinary diversions who had a solitary functioning kidney at the time of surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 62 patients with continent urinary reservoirs and a solitary functioning kidney were reviewed (51 men and 11 women). The indications for surgery were bladder cancer in 54 and a contracted bladder in eight. The surgical procedures included an orthotopic ileal neobladder in 36 patients, a continent cutaneous ileal reservoir in 13 and rectal diversion in 13. Kidneys were evaluated using serum creatinine level, ultrasonography, intravenous urography and other radiological studies.RESULTSThe follow‐up was 6–173 months; 44 renal units (71%) remained stable during this period. Serum creatinine was increased in four patients with an orthotopic neobladder, with no evidence of obstruction or reflux, in one with preoperative renal impairment and one with voiding dysfunction, reflux and bacteriuria. Six renal units deteriorated because of uretero‐intestinal strictures; of these patients, two were treated endoscopically, two with open ureteric reimplantation, one with conversion from a rectal reservoir to an ileal loop conduit, and one was maintained on JJ stenting. Six patients with a rectal diversion had renal deterioration because of chronic pyelonephritis.CONCLUSIONSA regular follow‐up of renal function is mandatory in patients with a continent urinary diversion. Rectal diversion is associated with a higher risk of renal deterioration (54%) than are orthotopic (28%) and cutaneous reservoirs (8%).
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori by 7‐Day Triple‐Therapy Regimens Combining Pantoprazole with Clarithromycin, Metronidazole, or Amoxicillin in Patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease: Results of Two Double‐Blind, Randomized Studies
Authors: Bochenek Wieslaw J. , Peters Suzanne , Fraga Polly D. , Wang Wenjin , Mack Michael E. , Osato Michael S. , El‐Zimaity Hala M. T. , Davis Kelly D. , Graham David Y. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTAim.  To compare the short‐term (7‐day) safety and efficacy of two triple‐therapy regimens using pantoprazole with those of two dual‐therapy regimens (one with pantoprazole and one without), for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer disease.Methods.  H. pylori infection was identified by rapid urease (CLOtest), and confirmed by histology and culture. Patients were enrolled into one of two randomized, double‐blind, multicenter, parallel‐group studies. In study A, patients received oral pantoprazole 40 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and metronidazole 500 mg (PCM); pantoprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin 1000 mg (PCA); or pantoprazole and clarithromycin (PC). In study B, patients received PCM, PCA, PC, or clarithromycin and metronidazole without pantoprazole (CM). Treatments were given twice daily for 7 days. H. pylori status after therapy was assessed by histology and culture at 4 weeks after completing the course of study treatment. Modified intent‐to‐treat (MITT; each study: n = 424, n = 512) and per‐protocol (PP; each study: n = 371, n = 454) populations were analyzed. The MITT population comprised all patients whose positive H. pylori status was confirmed by culture and histology; the PP population comprised patients who also complied with ≥ 85% of study medication doses.Results.  A total of 1016 patients were enrolled. Cure rates among patients with clarithromycin‐susceptible H. pylori strains were 82 and 86% for PCM, and 72 and 71% for PCA, in studies A and B, respectively. Cure rates among patients with metronidazole‐susceptible H. pylori strains were 82 and 87% for PCM, and 71 and 69% for PCA, in studies A and B, respectively. The combined eradication rates observed with the PCM regimen were superior to those of all other regimens tested. Side‐effects were infrequent and mild.Conclusions.  PCM had the highest overall eradication rate in these two studies examining 7‐day treatment regimens. All regimens were safe and well tolerated.
Development of Barrett's Esophagus after ‘Spontaneous’ Healing of Atrophic Corpus Gastritis
Authors: Kokkola Arto , Sipponen Pentti , Haapiainen Reijo , Rautelin Hilpi , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Puolakkainen Pauli 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTWe report here the case of a 58‐year‐old asymptomatic male smoker who had a gastroscopy performed in 1990 because of a low serum pepsinogen I level (16 µg/l). The patient had severe atrophic corpus gastritis and elevated Helicobacter pylori antibody titers, but no histologic evidence of the bacteria. Additionally, a hiatal hernia without esophagitis was seen. He was followed up endoscopically because of the atypical changes (indefinite for dysplasia) in addition to atrophic gastritis in some of the gastric biopsy samples. During the follow‐up period, H. pylori antibody titers declined to normal levels without eradication therapy, and atrophic gastritis healed. The patient developed first erosive esophagitis, and, 5 years later, a 3‐cm‐long Barrett's esophagus was detected.
Helicobacter pylori‐Associated Chronic Gastritis and Unexplained Iron Deficiency Anemia: a Reliable Association?
Authors: Nahon Stéphane , Lahmek Pierre , Massard Julien , Lesgourgues Bruno , De Serre Natacha Mariaud , Traissac Laurent , Bodiguel Viviane , Adotti Françoise , Delas Nicolas 
Published: November 2003

AbstractBackground and aim.  About 35% of iron deficiency anemia cases remain unexplained after a gastrointestinal evaluation. An association between Helicobacter pylori and iron malabsorption has been suggested. The aim of this study was to determine whether H. pylori‐associated chronic gastritis is linked to unexplained iron deficiency anemia in adults.Methods.  From 1996 to 2001, we identified 105 patients with unexplained iron deficiency anemia after upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, small bowel radiographic examination and duodenal biopsies. Two biopsies were obtained from the gastric antrum and two from the corpus of each patient. Gastritis status was described according to the Sydney System and H. pylori infection was assessed by an immunohistochemical test on biopsy specimens. This group was compared to a control group matched for sex and age.Results.  There were 76 women and 29 men (mean age 57.4 ± 21.4 years) examined in the study. A H. pylori‐associated chronic gastritis was identified in 63 cases (60%) vs. 45 cases (43%) cases in the control group (p < .01). Atrophic gastritis was significantly associated with iron deficiency anemia compared with the control group [16 (15%) vs. 6 (6%); p < .03]. In the unexplained iron deficiency anemia group, (1) patients with chronic gastritis were significantly younger (52 ± 22 vs. 64 ± 20 years; p < .005), and (2) chronic gastritis was not linked to sex [sex ratio (male/female): 0.5 vs. 0.34, p = .34]. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was similar between premenopausal and postmenopausal women [28 (27%) vs. 26 (25%); p = .7] with iron deficiency anemia.Conclusion.  H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis, especially atrophic gastritis, are significantly associated with unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Relationships between H. pylori‐associated chronic gastritis and unexplained iron deficiency anemia should be considered.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Autoimmune Diseases: Is There a Link?
Authors: Presotto Fabio , Sabini Beatrice , Cecchetto Attilio , Plebani Mario , Lazzari Franca De , Pedini Beniamino , Betterle Corrado 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTBackground.  Helicobacter pylori is thought to be involved in atrophic body gastritis. We explored the prevalence of H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects with gastric parietal cell antibodies, as well as in patients with pernicious anemia, to evaluate a possible role of H. pylori gastric infection in gastric autoimmunity.Patients and Methods.  We studied 79 consecutive asymptomatic subjects with parietal cell antibodies, 24 patients with pernicious anemia, and 66 parietal cell antibody‐negative controls. All patients underwent gastric biopsies for histology and detection of H. pylori. Red blood cell count and volume, serum levels of gastrin, pepsinogen I, iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and circulating antibodies to H. pylori and to intrinsic factor were also determined.Results.  We found an atrophic body gastritis in 14 of the 79 asymptomatic subjects with parietal cell antibodies (18%) and in 2 of the 66 controls (3%) (p = .01). Mean levels of gastrin were increased (p < .0001), while those of pepsinogen were reduced (p < .001) compared with controls. H. pylori was identified at the gastric level and/or circulating anti‐H. pylori antibodies were detected in 46 parietal cell antibody‐positive subjects (58%) compared with 26 controls (39%) (p = .03). In patients with pernicious anemia we found an atrophic body gastritis in 18 of 24 cases (75%) (p < .001 vs. controls). Mean levels of gastrin were markedly increased (p < .0001) and those of pepsinogen I decreased (p < .0001) relative to controls. Only five of these patients (21%) had evidence of H. pylori infection compared with 46 of the parietal cell antibody‐positive subjects (58%) (p = .003) and 26 of the controls (39%). Considering all patients with gastric autoimmunity (i.e. with parietal cell antibodies and/or with pernicious anemia), H. pylori was found in 44 of 72 of those without atrophy (61%) but in 6 of 31 with gastric body atrophy (19%) (p < .001), indicating that H. pylori infection is greatly reduced when gastric acid secretion decreases.Conclusions.  The frequent detection of H. pylori infection in subjects with early gastric autoimmunity, indicated by the presence of parietal cell antibodies, suggests that H. pylori could have a crucial role in the induction and/or the maintenance of autoimmunity at the gastric level.
Effects ofDQ-113, a New Quinolone, against Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
-Caused Hematogenous PulmonaryInfections inMice
Authors: Kaneko Yukihiro , Yanagihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Tsukamoto Kazuhiro , Hirakata Yoichi , Tomono Kazunori , Kadota Jun-ichi , Tashiro Takayoshi , Murata Ikuo , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

We
compared the effects of DQ-113, a new quinolone, to those of vancomycin
(VCM) and teicoplanin (TEIC) in murine models of hematogenous pulmonary
infections caused by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
(MRSA) and VCM-insensitive
S. aureus
(VISA). The
MICs of DQ-113, VCM, and TEIC for MRSA were 0.125, 1.0, and 0.5μ
g/ml, respectively; and those for VISA were 0.25, 8.0, and 8.0μ
g/ml, respectively. Treatment with DQ-113 resulted in a
significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria in the lungs of
the mice used in the MRSA infection model (counts in mice treated with
DQ-113, VCM, and TEIC and control mice, 6.33 ± 0.22, 7.99±
0.14, 7.36 ± 0.20, and 8.47 ± 0.22
log
10
CFU/lung [mean ± standard error of the
mean], respectively [
P
< 0.01 for
the group treated with DQ-113 compared with the group
treated with VCM or TEIC or the untreated group]). Mice infected
with VISA were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, and the survival rate
was recorded daily for 10 days. At the end of this period, 90%
of the DQ-113-treated mice were still alive, whereas only 45 to
55% of the mice in the other three groups were still alive
(
P
< 0.05 for the group treated with DQ-113 compared
with the group treated with VCM or TEIC or the untreated group]).
DQ-113 also significantly (
P
< 0.05) reduced the
number of viable bacteria in the lungs compared with those in the lungs
of the other three groups (counts in mice treated with DQ-113, VCM, and
TEIC and control mice, 5.76 ± 0.39, 7.33 ± 0.07, 6.90±
0.21, and 7.44 ± 0.17 log
10
CFU/lung,
respectively). Histopathological examination revealed milder
inflammatory changes in DQ-113-treated mice than in the mice in the
other groups. Of the antibiotics analyzed, the parameters of area under
the concentration-time from 0 to 6 h (AUC
0-6
)/MIC
and the time that the AUC
0-6
exceeded the MIC were the
highest for DQ-113. Our results suggest that DQ-113 is potent and
effective for the treatment of hematogenous pulmonary infections caused
by MRSA and VISA
strains.
Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of CTX-MExtended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
in RussianHospitals
Authors: Edelstein M. , Pimkin M. , Palagin I. , Edelstein I. , Stratchounski L. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

A
total of 904 consecutive nosocomial isolates of
Escherichia
coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
collected from 28 Russian
hospitals were screened for production of extended-spectrumβ
-lactamases (ESBLs). The ESBL phenotype was detected in 78
(15.8%)
E. coli
and 248 (60.8%)
K.
pneumoniae
isolates. One hundred fifteen isolates carried the
genes for CTX-M-type β-lactamases, which, as shown by
PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, were distributed
into the two genetic groups of CTX-M-1 (93%)- and CTX-M-2
(7%)-related enzymes. Isolates producing the enzymes of the
first group were found in 20 hospitals from geographically distant
regions of the country and were characterized by considerable diversity
of genetic types, as was demonstrated by enterobacterial repetitive
consensus PCR typing. Within this group the CTX-M-3 and the CTX-M-15β
-lactamases were identified. In contrast, the enzymes of the
CTX-M-2 group (namely, CTX-M-5) were detected only in eight clonally
related
E. coli
isolates from a single hospital. Notably, the
levels of resistance to ceftazidime were remarkably variable among the
CTX-M producers. This study provides further evidence of the global
dissemination of CTX-M type ESBLs and emphasizes the need for their
epidemiological
monitoring.
In Vivo Selection of a Chromosomally Encodedβ-Lactamase Variant Conferring Ceftazidime Resistance in
Klebsiellaoxytoca
Authors: Mammeri Hedi , Poirel Laurent , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella
oxytoca
clinical isolate A was recovered from the urine of a
55-year-old man with prostatic and urinary tract infections. This
isolate displayed a β-lactam resistance phenotype consistent
with overproduction of a chromosomally encoded class Aβ
-lactamase and had decreased susceptibilities to allβ
-lactams except ceftazidime, cephamycins, and carbapenems.
Four weeks after treatment with an antibiotic regimen that included
ceftazidime,
K. oxytoca
isolate B, which had a high level of
resistance to ceftazidime, was isolated from the urine of the same
patient. Isoelectric focusing analysis of the culture extracts of these
isolates gave a pI of 5.4 for both isolates. Cloning experiments with
the PCR products of the
bla
OXY
gene resulted in two
Escherichia coli
DH10B recombinant clones with resistance
phenotypes mirroring those of the parental isolates. Sequencing
analysis revealed that the

bla
OXY-2-5

gene from
K. oxytoca
B had a single nucleotide substitution compared to
the sequence of the
bla
OXY-2
gene from
K.
oxytoca
A, leading to a proline-to-serine substitution at position
167, according to the numbering of Ambler. Biochemical analysis of
purified OXY-2-5 showed that it had the ability to hydrolyze
ceftazidime. This is the first report of in vivo selection of a
K.
oxytoca
isolate that produced a chromosomally encodedβ
-lactamase conferring resistance to
ceftazidime.
In VitroActivity of Daptomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci ofVarious Van Types and Comparison of Susceptibility TestingMethods
Authors: Jorgensen James H. , Crawford Sharon A. , Kelly Cynthia C. , Patterson Jan E. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

The
increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE)
infections and the limited number of antimicrobial agents for their
treatment emphasize a need for new, more effective agents. In this
study, the in vitro activity of daptomycin was determined against a
collection of 156 VRE from seven different institutions. Van types were
characterized by PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was
performed to exclude isolates with >85% relatedness by
dendrogram. Included were 126
Enterococcus faecium
(109
vanA
, 17
vanB
) isolates, 5
Enterococcus
faecalis
(3
vanA
, 2
vanB
) isolates, 2
Enterococcus avium
(
vanA
) isolates, 1
Enterococcus durans
(
vanA
) isolate, 10
Enterococcus gallinarum
(
vanC1
) isolates, and 12
Enterococcus casseliflavus
(
vanC2
) isolates. MICs of
daptomycin and five additional agents were determined by the NCCLS
broth microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth containing
supplemental calcium. MICs were also determined using two
investigational E-test strip formulations, and disk diffusion testing
was performed by the standard NCCLS method. The MIC of daptomycin at
which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited for this isolate
collection was 4 μg/ml, and the MIC at which 90% of the
isolates tested were inhibited was 8 μg/ml. Two isolates of
vanA E. faecium
were resistant to linezolid, and one isolate
was resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin. MICs of daptomycin
determined by the E test with and without added calcium varied by 8- to
16-fold, and disk diffusion zones varied by 3 to 6 mm according to the
calcium content of the commercial MH agar lots used in the study. This
study has shown daptomycin to have good activity against a diverse
collection of contemporary VRE isolates. However, improved
standardization of the calcium content of MH agar will be important for
reliable testing of daptomycin by clinical laboratories using either
the E test or disk diffusion
methods.
Nitazoxanide in Treatment of
Helicobacterpylori
: a Clinical and In VitroStudy
Authors: Guttner Yvonne , Windsor Helen M. , Viiala Charlie H. , Dusci Leon , Marshall Barry J. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

Nitazoxanide
(NTZ) is an antibiotic with microbiological characteristics similar to
those of metronidazole but without an apparent problem of resistance.
The aim of this study was the prospective evaluation of NTZ given as a
single agent in the treatment of
Helicobacter pylori
infection. Twenty culture-positive patients with dyspepsia who had
previously failed at least one course of
H. pylori
eradication
therapy were enrolled. Subjects received 1 g of NTZ twice
daily for 10 days. The safety and tolerability of the drug were
assessed by physical examination, monitoring of adverse events, and
clinical laboratory evaluation. Urea breath tests (UBTs) were performed
6 weeks posttreatment.
H. pylori
was isolated from
UBT-positive patients by the string test or endoscopy with biopsy, and
the MICs for these isolates were compared to those for isolates
obtained pretherapy. The levels of tizoxanide, the active deacylated
derivative of NTZ, were measured in blood, saliva, and tissue from two
patients during treatment. The UBT results were positive for all 20
patients after completion of NTZ therapy. The MIC results demonstrated
that the NTZ susceptibilities of none of the strains isolated from the
patients posttherapy had changed significantly. No major adverse
reactions were observed, but frequent minor side effects were observed.
In conclusion, NTZ did not eradicate
H. pylori
when it was
given as a single
agent.
ethA
,
inhA
, and
katG
Loci of Ethionamide-Resistant Clinical
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Isolates
Authors: Morlock Glenn P. , Metchock Beverly , Sikes David , Crawford Jack T. , Cooksey Robert C. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT

Ethionamide
(ETH) is a structural analog of the antituberculosis drug isoniazid
(INH). Both of these drugs target InhA, an enzyme involved in mycolic
acid biosynthesis. INH requires catalase-peroxidase (KatG) activation,
and mutations in
katG
are a major INH resistance mechanism.
Recently an enzyme (EthA) capable of activating ETH has been
identified. We sequenced the entire
ethA
structural gene of 41
ETH-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates. We also
sequenced two regions of
inhA
and all or part of
katG.
The MICs of ETH and INH were determined in order to
associate the mutations identified with a resistance phenotype. Fifteen
isolates were found to possess
ethA
mutations, for all of
which the ETH MICs were ≥50 μg/ml. The
ethA
mutations were all different, previously unreported, and distributed
throughout the gene. In eight of the isolates, a missense mutation in
the
inhA
structural gene occurred. The ETH MICs for seven of
the InhA mutants were ≥100 μg/ml, and these isolates
were also resistant to ≥8 μg of INH per ml. Only a
single point mutation in the
inhA
promoter was identified in
14 isolates. A
katG
mutation occurred in 15 isolates, for
which the INH MICs for all but 1 were ≥32 μg/ml. As
expected, we found no association between
katG
mutation and
the level of ETH resistance. Mutations within the
ethA
and
inhA
structural genes were associated with relatively high
levels of ETH resistance. Approximately 76% of isolates
resistant to ≥50 μg of ETH per ml had such
mutations.