bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of accelerometer-measured physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and exercise time with incident Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Gan Xiaoqin , Ye Ziliang , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yanjun , Qin Xianhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvidence regarding the association between physical activity and Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk is generally limited due to the use of self-report questionnaires. We aimed to quantify the separate and combined effects of accelerometer-measured light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time and exercise timing with incident PD. 96,422 participants without prior PD and with usable accelerometer data were included from UK Biobank. Time spent in sedentary activity, LPA, MVPA, and exercise timing were estimated using machine learning models. The study outcome was incident PD. Over a median follow-up duration of 6.8 years, 313 participants developed PD. There was a L-shaped association for LPA and MVPA, and a reversed L-shaped association for sedentary time, with the risk of incident PD (all P for nonlinearity < 0.001). Similar trends were found across three time-windows (morning, midday-afternoon, and evening). Compared with those with both low LPA (<3.89 h/day) and low MVPA (<0.27 h/day), the adjusted HR (95% CI) of PD risk was 0.49 (0.36–0.66), 0.19 (0.36–0.66) and 0.13 (0.09–0.18), respectively, for participants with high MVPA only, high LPA only, and both high LPA and high MVPA. Moreover, participants with both low LPA and high sedentary time (≥9.41 h/day) (adjusted HR, 5.59; 95% CI: 4.10–7.61), and those with both low MVPA and high sedentary time (adjusted HR, 3.93; 95% CI: 2.82–5.49) had the highest risk of incident PD. In conclusion, regardless of exercise timing (morning, midday-afternoon, and evening), there was an inverse association for accelerometer-measured MVPA and LPA, and a positive association for sedentary time, with incident PD.
Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles
Authors: Sanaei Anvar , Herrmann Hartmut , Alshaabi Loreen , Beck Jan , Ferlian Olga , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , Haferkorn Sylvia , van Pinxteren Manuela , Quaas Johannes , Quosh Julius , Rabe René , Wirth Christian , Eisenhauer Nico , Weigelt Alexandra 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClimate extremes in tandem with biodiversity change affect plant emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, as a result, the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosols. The resulting biogenic secondary organic aerosols can have a wide variety of impacts, such as on Earth’s radiative balance or cloud- and precipitation formation. However, at present, it is unclear how changing biodiversity will lead to changes in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions, biogenic secondary organic aerosols and their corresponding effects. We present a conceptual framework of the relationships between biodiversity and biogenic volatile organic compound emissions based on our current mechanistic understanding and combining knowledge from the fields of biology and atmospheric chemistry. Parts of this framework are tested in a case study using a tree diversity experiment. The relative differences in tree monocultures and mixtures show that the overall concentration of biogenic volatile organic compounds decreases with increasing biodiversity, but results for biogenic secondary organic aerosols are mixed and overall non-significant. A deeper understanding of how changing biodiversity influences biogenic organic compound emissions and biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation requires in-depth investigations of microclimate conditions, accurate monitoring of above- and below-ground biotic and abiotic stress, and manipulating stress conditions across long-term biodiversity experiments.
Projective oblique plane structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Chang Bo-Jui , Shepherd Douglas , Fiolka Reto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStructured illumination microscopy (SIM) can double the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope and video rate live cell imaging in a two-dimensional format has been demonstrated. However, rapid implementations of 2D SIM typically only cover a narrow slice of the sample immediately at the coverslip, with most of the cellular volume out of reach. Here, we implement oblique plane structured illumination microscopy (OPSIM) in a projection format to rapidly image an entire cell in a 2D SIM framework. As no mechanical scanning of the sample or objective is involved, this technique has the potential for rapid projection imaging with doubled resolution. We characterize the spatial resolution with fluorescent nanospheres, compare projection and 3D imaging using OPSIM and image mitochondria and ER dynamics across an entire cell at up to 2.7 Hz. To our knowledge, this represents the fastest whole cell SIM imaging to date.
Anti-diabetic effects of natural and modified ‘Ganzhou’ navel orange peel pectin on type 2 diabetic mice via gut microbiota
Authors: Du Chao , Zuo Feng , Cao Yang , Zang Yanqing 
Published: November 2023

GOP and MGOP ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism and increase the content of SCFAs in T2DM. In addition, MGOP regulates the composition of gut microbiota, thereby maintaining the balance of gut microbiota by changing the phenotype of bacterial.
First report of prevalence and assemblage analysis of Giardia duodenalis in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China
Authors: Song Ya-Fei , Chu Meng-Jie , Huang Fei , Liu Yang , Lu Hui-Hong , Li Si-Ang , Wang Shu-Yan 
Published: November 2023

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal protozoan that can cause diarrhea and intestinal disease in animals and in humans. However, the prevalence and assemblages of G. duodenalis in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have not been reported. In this study, a total of 724 fecal samples (201 from nursery pigs, 183 from piglets, 175 from breeding pigs, and 165 from fattening pigs) were obtained in four areas of the region (Nanning, Yulin, Hezhou, and Guigang). The gene of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) of G. duodenalis was amplified by nested PCR. The results show that the prevalence of G. duodenalis in pigs was 3.59% (26/724), of which 14 samples belonged to assemblage A (53.85%) and 12 samples belonged to assemblage E (46.15%). The infection rates of G. duodenalis in Hezhou, Yulin, Nanning, and Guigang were 0%, 0.7%, 10.8% and 1.1%, respectively (χ2 = 45.616, p < 0.01); whereas 5.1% of breeding pigs, 6.0% of piglets, 2.4% of fattening pigs, and 1.0% of nursery pigs were infected with G. duodenalis (χ2 = 8.874, p < 0.05). The SSU rRNA-positive samples were amplified by PCR based on the β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triphosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Ten, eight and seven positive samples were detected, respectively. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the three genetic loci sequences, a multilocus genotyping A1 was found. The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of prevention and control of G. duodenalis infections in pigs and humans in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
The impact of climate change and economic development on fisheries in South Africa: a wavelet-based spectral analysis
Authors: Raubenheimer Cheneal , Phiri Andrew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of climate change and economic development on the patterns of Fisheries catches in South Africa from 1960 to 2021. Our research employs wavelet-based spectral tools to analyse the time–frequency interrelationships among the variables and these methods differ from conventional econometric and statistical techniques which are strictly confined to the time domain. Our findings reveal that economic development has a positive impact on Fisheries whereas there exists a U-shaped correlation between temperature changes and Fisheries, in which the negative effects of climate change on Fisheries have been diminishing since 2010. Additionally, we observe an inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature changes and economic development, whereby climate change began hampering economic growth in the post-2010 period. We conduct a sensitivity analysis by performing partial wavelet coherence analysis to control for (i) economic growth in the temperatures–Fisheries relationship and (ii) temperatures in the economic development–Fisheries relationship. We discover that the former relationship remains unaffected while the latter relationship becomes significantly weaker. Overall, these findings suggest that while Fisheries have displayed resilience to climate change, rising temperatures have hindered economic development, which may potentially impede the future trajectory of Fisheries catches.
BIOMETRIC CITIZENS in smart cities
Authors: Fawzy Rania Magdi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the socio-cognitive conceptualizations of the notion of ‘citizenship’ within the space of
smart cities. It discusses how smart cities expos are endowed with ideological bearings that mark a shift in these
conceptualizations. This ideological shift is explored in the policy releases of Barcelona expo media centre 2019/2020 as
retrieved from the Smart City Expo World Congress website. The framework accounts for the socio-cognitive aspects that are brought
to the smart expos’ discussions, reframing it within the paradigms of Posthumanism and neoliberal urbanism. It is found that
citizenship within smart city discourse is characterized by series of subjugating conflations between biovalues and biometrics,
the body, technology, and the city and the citizen. These subjugations are discovered by contesting the metaphors of
CITIZEN-FOCUSED URBANISM, VULNERABLE CITIZENS, and TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONISM with their reframed counterparts of BIOMETRIC
CITIZEN, INFRASTRUCTURE CITIZENSHIP, and TECHNOLOGICAL PATERNALISM.
The aesthetic values of the semiotic choices in Arab protests
Authors: Mohammed Al-Rikaby Ali Badeen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper examines protest language from the late Arab Spring uprisings, more specifically in Tunisia, Egypt and
Iraq – identified as the “Facebook Upheavals”. It explores the discursive aspects of these processes through which social protest
and dissent are constructed and different forms of communication and expression are mobilized. It also examines how the various
modes of representation and dissemination contribute to shaping and influencing social movements and resistance within the Arab
political context, individually and collectively. On the collective level, the paper explores the discursive construction of
collective identities, the formation of alliances, and the negotiation of power relations within and between different protest
movements. This is done by reporting how discourses are used to challenge dominant narratives, contest oppressive structures, and
then to shape the political landscape in the Arab region.
Subtitling short films to improve writing and translation skills
Authors: Talaván Noa , Rodríguez-Arancón Pilar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of SUBFILM, a teaching innovation project that studied the benefits of reverse
didactic subtitling to improve both foreign language learning writing skills and general translation skills. Didactic subtitling
is to be understood here as the active production of subtitles by the students within a guided online task. SUBFILM made use of
complete short films as basic audiovisual resources, and students of a Translation course within the degree of English Studies at
a Spanish university were asked to subtitle them from Spanish into English over a period of one and a half months. A total of 26
students finished the project, where interdisciplinary individual and collaborative learning were constantly being stressed. A
quasi-experimental research design including diverse data gathering tools has provided sufficient evidence to prove the benefits
of reverse subtitling of complete short films for the enhancement of translation skills and writing production, as well as for
vocabulary and grammar proficiency. Hence, the conclusions derived from the study complement previous research and open new
related paths for didactic subtitling research and practice.
Building blocks towards progressive fatigue damage modeling of a whole wind turbine blade
Authors: Paepegem W Van , Hajikazemi M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a concise summary of the recent fatigue damage modeling research in the Mechanics of Materials and Structures (MMS) research group at Ghent University, which utilizes physics-based models and microscopic experiments to develop components for a progressive fatigue damage model of laminated composite structures. The paper discusses the evolution of ply cracking and delamination under cyclic loading and highlights distinct modeling elements for stress analysis and fatigue damage evolution characterization. It also explores the experiments required for model calibration and validation, including the use of digital image correlation to quantify damage mechanisms. Additionally, the paper discusses the use of neural networks for efficient and robust modeling of damage effects and outlines the remaining steps required to develop a comprehensive fatigue design tool. Finally, the recent developments with the BladeMesher software of the research group provide a platform to integrate this fatigue design tool for complete wind turbine blades.
Analysis of a small recyclable wind turbine blade
Authors: Carnicero Rafael , Cano Luis , Cruz Ignacio , Lopez-Manchado Miguel A , Verdejo Raquel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The wind energy industry is constantly seeking lower levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and also to improve its environmental and social sustainability. Thermoplastic resins are considered to be key to recycling wind turbine blades in the best possible way to reuse the main raw materials at the end of their life. In this work, a new thermoplastic liquid resin, AKELITE, patented by CSIC, is used to produce a new generation of 100% circular, sustainable wind turbine blades. The aim is to recover the two main components, the fibres and the resin, in optimal conditions to produce a new wind blade. First, the recycling protocol of composite laminates was optimised and the properties of the recycled composite were analysed. Interestingly, the first recycling process resulted in an improvement in the mechanical properties compared to the original laminate, which is ascribed to the presence of a thin layer of resin on the fibre surface that improves the adhesion between the layers. Thus, it is expected that the new blade will have a good performance, using almost 100% of recyclable materials. A 1.9 m recycled wind turbine blade is currently being manufactured to validate the results of this study. The successful development of such blades could have a significant impact on the sustainability of wind energy, providing a path towards circularity and reducing the environmental impact of wind turbine blades at the end of their life cycle.
Characterization of a short fiber-reinforced adhesive designed for wind turbine rotor blades
Authors: Balzani Claudio , Kuhn Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wind turbine rotor blades are usually made of two half-shells and shear webs that are joined together by structural adhesives. The adhesive joints suffer from longitudinal strains from blade bending combined with shear strains from torsion and shear forces acting on the blade. It is thus important to provide an accurate and reliable characterization of the adhesive as a bulk material to account for cohesive failure.
This work focusses on the characterization of a short fiber-reinforced adhesive used in wind turbine rotor blades under uniaxial tension, compression, and shear as well as biaxial tension-compression/shear for both static and fatigue loading. To obtain small scatter in measurement results, a specimen geometry was designed that ensures a clear maximum stress in the test section while minimizing stress concentrations in the transition between the load introduction regions and the test section. The manufacturing process was then designed in such a way that an optimum mixture of resin and hardener was obtained without the inclusion of voids. The latter was verified after manufacturing by means of micro-CT scanning for all specimens. A very extensive test campaign was then carried out in order to quantify stiffness, static strength, fatigue strength, and fatigue-related stiffness degradation. Excerpts of this test campaign are presented in this paper.
Cure characterisation and prediction of thermosetting epoxy for wind turbine blade manufacturing
Authors: Jørgensen Jesper K. , Mikkelsen Lars P. , Andersen Tom L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the wind industry, the increasing length of turbine blades and the use of thick composite sections make it vital to understand the thermoset and the underlying curing process. In this study, the curing of a specific thermoset epoxy for application in wind turbine blades is characterised by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermoset is analysed under dynamic and isothermal conditions to determine the complex cure behaviour under these various conditions. The data is fitted to determine firstly; the cure kinetics of the material through a kinetic model. Secondly; the phenomenon of the glass transition temperature Tg
is studied to predict the development of Tg
as a function of the degree of cure. Thirdly, a Diffusion-Kinetic model was utilised to make more accurate cure predictions based on the interaction between kinetic chemical reactions and diffusion control affecting the reaction rate through the incorporation of the glass transition temperature. A simple experimental framework for validating the diffusion-kinetic model was used to make a final validation of the model predictions on a larger scale. A set of final parameters is presented for application in a full diffusion-kinetic model for cure predictions and simulations beyond this study.
Generative AI and image based numerical mechanics in wind blade adhesive composites
Authors: Khan AW , Balzani C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Numerical modelling of adhesive composites in wind energy is complicated in part due to material heterogeneity. Microstructural CT scan fibre composite patterns or representative elements, which play a major role in defining the mechanical behaviour of these adhesive structures, are both difficult to characterize as well as hard to numerically simulate. With advances in deep learning based generative AI, new ways of predicting the mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous materials is now possible. Here we put forward a data driven method to relate input composite adhesive microstructures with field data using deep learning and generative AI based methods. The prediction of mechanical stress or strain fields or other similar patterns and combining them as a function of boundary conditions, fibre composite microstructure and material models is achieved and the models are trained such that they closely approximate computationally expensive simulations based on numerical FE techniques and would have the ability to generalize. We also create a dataset of wind energy adhesives with their numerical mechanics based FE simulations subject to different boundary conditions and material models for further deep learning based composite studies.
Online Tg estimation for blade manufacturing
Authors: Pantelelis Nikos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cost reduction is one of the main drivers in the production of wind turbine blades in the last few years. In this direction, the use of intelligent process monitoring to optimize the infusion, curing and bonding by measuring online the actual process can reduce energy and increase productivity by 20% while ensuring product quality. In this framework, durable non-intrusive and disposable sensors have been developed for the monitoring of resin arrival, the resin’s viscosity during infusion and the on-going Tg during curing by measuring the resin’s electrical resistivity and temperature.
Residual stresses in thick composites considering through-thickness temperature gradients during manufacturing
Authors: Wang Yixing , Balzani Claudio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the composite materials of wind turbine rotor blades, residual stresses form during manufacturing due to the different thermo-chemo-mechanical behaviors of the fibers and the matrix. These residual stresses decrease the ultimate and fatigue strength of the blade because the failure stress and cycles to failure are reached at lower levels of external loading. It is thus of utmost importance to consider residual stresses in the design stage to obtain reliable blade designs.
This work deals with the prediction of residual stresses in a thick composite representative for a spar cap in a wind turbine rotor blade. A model is formulated for the thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled problem. An emphasis is given on the non-uniform and time-variable temperature distribution across the thickness of the composite. The different sources of residual stresses (e.g., chemical shrinkage, non-uniform distribution of different thermal expansion coefficients of fibers and matrix, exotherm, etc.) are analyzed, quantified, and compared. The impact of the time-dependent temperature distribution on the formation of residual stresses is highlighted by means of a representative numerical example.
Review existing strategies to improve circularity, sustainability and resilience of wind turbine blades – A comparison of research and industrial initiatives in Europe
Authors: Kramer Kathrin Julia , Beauson Justine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, the EU is committing to ambitious targets such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990) and increasing the share of renewable energies in the EU energy mix to 45% by 2030. To meet these targets, the wind industry has to grow significantly while ensuring enough resources across the supply chains to scale the wind energy market and by striving to reduce its already shallow environmental impact. As material extraction and the production of wind turbines cause the most emissions, costs and risks on the scarcity of resources, the implementation of a circular economy could support the wind industry in meeting the EU target and improving its sustainability and resilience. However, the circular economy is a complex concept, and it can be challenging to translate it into precise action points, objectives and measurements. To clarify how a circular economy can support the wind industry, this paper takes the example of wind turbine blades, and it establishes a structured overview of research results and industrial initiatives aiming at implementing circularity for improving sustainability and resilience. The overview is used to investigate if objectives and clear actions are stated and how those differ between research and industry. By identifying gaps, future research and industry initiatives can be directed towards closing the bigger picture. The results show that many initiatives are ongoing, but only some circular strategies are comprehensively investigated, and clear objectives and measurements often remain to be included. The industry and research progressed the furthest on recycling. Future research and industry activities should further follow the path of closing the loop but need to also concentrate on reducing material use, extending the lifetime of blades and enabling a second lifecycle of blades.