bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐related deaths in a university hospital: Comparison to previous decades
Authors: Kauppila Mirjam , Backman Janne T. , Niemi Mikko , Lapatto‐Reiniluoto Outi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe incidence of fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hospitals varies widely, and ADRs are often underreported. The impact of medical safety processes is not easily evaluated, and although medical practice changes constantly, little is known about ADR trends. This study concentrated on the current incidence and properties of fatal ADRs occurring in a university hospital and compared the results with two previous studies performed in the same hospital. We investigated retrospectively all 1236 deaths that occurred during 2019 in the Helsinki University Hospital. All the cases were evaluated by a team of experts, and the causality was assessed using the categories by World Health Organization and Uppsala monitoring centre. Suicides were excluded. Among death cases, we identified 65 certain or probable ADR cases (5.3%), representing 0.011% of all hospital admissions. Cytostatics and antithrombotics remained the largest drug classes, with neutropenia or sepsis and bleedings as the most common fatal ADRs. Compared with our earlier studies, warfarin caused less, and direct oral anticoagulants caused more fatal bleedings, reflecting the drug usage among the population. In contrast to earlier studies, contrast media and insulin did not cause any fatal ADRs, which may reflect an improvement in pharmacovigilance awareness among healthcare workers.
The role of differential exposure and susceptibility to heavy drinking linking income inequalities and tooth loss: An investigation of the alcohol harm paradox using a four‐way decomposition analysis
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Machado , Sfreddo Camila Silveira , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the extent to which the effect of income inequalities on tooth loss is attributable to differential exposure and susceptibility to heavy drinking in older Brazilian adults.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis using data from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI‐Brazil 2015–2016), a nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling people aged 50 years and over. Causal mediation analysis based on the counterfactual outcome framework decomposed the effect of income on tooth loss mediated by heavy drinking into four components (four‐way decomposition): controlled direct effect (neither mediation nor interaction), reference interaction (interaction only), mediated interaction (both mediation and interaction) and pure indirect effect (mediation only). Proportions of effect attributable to each component were calculated to estimate the differential exposure (the sum of the third and fourth components) and differential susceptibility (the sum of the second and third components) to heavy drinking.ResultsThe analytical sample comprised 8114 participants. After adjusting for covariates, 7.3% (95% CI: 3.8%; 10.9%) and −39.5% (95% CI: −75.8%; −3.3%) of the effects of income on tooth loss were attributable to differential exposure and susceptibility to heavy drinking, respectively, consistent with the alcohol harm paradox. When setting non‐functional dentition as outcome, only the effect of differential susceptibility remained (−81.7% [95% CI: −128.2%; −35.2%]).ConclusionOur findings suggest that individuals of low‐income groups appear to be more susceptible to the effects of heavy drinking on tooth loss.
A novel non‐recurrent CNV deletion involving TBX4 and leaving TBX2 intact causes congenital alveolar dysplasia
Authors: Bzdęga Katarzyna , Biela Mateusz , Deutsch Gail H. , Kitzmiller Joseph A. , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Płoski Rafał , Whitsett Jeffrey A. , Śmigiel Robert , Karolak Justyna A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCongenital alveolar dysplasia (CAD) belongs to rare lethal lung developmental disorders (LLDDs) in neonates, manifesting with acute respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension refractory to treatment. The majority of CAD cases have been associated with copy‐number variant (CNV) deletions at 17q23.1q23.2 or 5p12. Most CNV deletions at 17q23.1q23.2 were recurrent and encompassed two closely located genes, TBX4 and TBX2. In a few CAD cases, intragenic frameshifting deletions or single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) involved TBX4 but not TBX2. Here, we describe a male neonate who died at 27 days of life from acute respiratory failure caused by lung growth arrest along the spectrum of CAD confirmed by histopathological assessment. Trio‐based genome sequencing revealed in the proband a novel non‐recurrent ~1.07 Mb heterozygous CNV deletion at 17q23.2, encompassing TBX4 that arose de novo on the paternal chromosome. This is the first report of a larger‐sized CNV deletion in a CAD patient involving TBX4 and leaving TBX2 intact. Our results, together with previous reports, indicate that perturbations of TBX4, rather than TBX2, cause severe lung phenotypes in humans.
Toward transparent taxonomy: an interactive web‐tool for evaluating competing taxonomic arrangements
Authors: Vernygora Oksana V. , Sperling Felix A. H. , Dupuis Julian R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInformative and consistent taxonomy above the species level is essential to communication about evolution, biodiversity and conservation, and yet the practice of taxonomy is considered opaque and subjective by non‐taxonomist scientists and the public alike. While various proposals have tried to make the basis for the ranking and inclusiveness of taxa more transparent and objective, widespread adoption of these ideas has lagged. Here, we present TaxonomR, an interactive online decision‐support tool to evaluate alternative taxonomic classifications. This tool implements an approach that quantifies the criteria commonly used in taxonomic treatments and allows the user to interactively manipulate weightings for different criteria to compare scores for taxonomic groupings under those weights. We use the butterfly taxon Argynnis to demonstrate how different weightings applied to common taxonomic criteria result in fundamentally different genus‐level classifications that are predominantly used in different continents and geographic regions. These differences are objectively compared and quantified using TaxonomR to evaluate the kinds of criteria that have been emphasized in earlier classifications, and the nature of the support for current alternative taxonomic arrangements. The main role of TaxonomR is to make taxonomic decisions transparent via an explicit prioritization scheme. TaxonomR is not a prescriptive application. Rather, it aims to be a tool for facilitating our understanding of alternative taxonomic classifications that can, in turn, potentially support global harmony in biodiversity assessments through evidence‐based discussion and community‐wide resolution of historically entrenched taxonomic tensions.
Predicting glucocorticoid resistance in multiple sclerosis relapse via a whole blood transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Bagnoud Maud , Remlinger Jana , Joly Sandrine , Massy Marine , Salmen Anke , Chan Andrew , Karathanassis Dimitris , Evangelopoulos Maria‐Eleptheria , Hoepner Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTreatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses consists of short‐term administration of high‐dose glucocorticoids (GCs). However, over 40% of patients show an insufficient response to GC treatment. We aimed to develop a predictive model for such GC resistance.MethodsWe performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis following the transcriptomic assay of whole blood samples from stable, relapsing GC‐sensitive and relapsing GC‐resistant patients with MS in two different European centers.ResultsWe identified 12 genes being regulated during a relapse and differentially expressed between GC‐sensitive and GC‐resistant patients with MS. Using these genes, we defined a statistical model to predict GC resistance with an area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC analysis of 0.913. Furthermore, we observed that relapsing GC‐resistant patients with MS have decreased GR, DUSP1, and TSC22D3 mRNA levels compared with relapsing GC‐sensitive patients with MS. Finally, we showed that the transcriptome of relapsing GC‐resistant patients with MS resembles those of stable patients with MS.ConclusionPredicting GC resistance would allow patients to benefit from prompt initiation of an alternative relapse treatment leading to increased treatment efficacy. Thus, we think our model could contribute to reducing disability development in people with MS.
Killing of orangutans in Kalimantan ‐ Community perspectives on incidence and drivers
Authors: Massingham Emily , Meijaard Erik , Ancrenaz Marc , Mika Dino , Sherman Julie , Santika Truly , Pradipta Lengga , Possingham Hugh P. , Dean Angela J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite decades of conservation management, many orangutan populations are on the brink of extinction. This is primarily due to habitat loss and direct killings. A study from 2008/2009 suggested that killing was impacting orangutan populations at a rate sufficient to cause local extinctions. As an illegal and taboo behavior that is difficult to measure, killing has been severely understudied since. We conducted 431 interviews in 79 villages across Kalimantan in 2020/2021. Ours is the first quantitative field study in more than 10 years to assess the state of killing of orangutans. We aimed to: (1) assess the current state of killing of orangutans in Kalimantan and compare this to the previous study; (2) determine whether conservation projects are affecting killing; and (3) explore drivers of killing. We examined killing of orangutans across villages with forest conservation projects, orangutan conservation projects, and no conservation projects. We assessed the existence of killing and used scenarios to examine perceived norms about illegal behavior relating to orangutans. We then used matching techniques to assess whether projects have any impact on these indicators. Overall, our findings suggest that killing has occurred in recent times, and our data does not indicate a clear attenuation of the behavior. As such, we argue that killing may still present a substantial threat to Bornean orangutan populations. We also found no statistically significant evidence that conservation projects are reducing killing. Conservation project managers could seek to understand the drivers of killing, and to invest in interventions that address these drivers. Research suggests that current allocation of conservation funding has been ineffective at abating orangutan population decline. We argue that a key part of improving Bornean orangutan conservation practice involves directly addressing killing of orangutans and the underlying drivers of killing.
Academia and industry agreement on a feasibility tool for first‐time‐in‐human clinical trial units
Authors: Moraga Paloma , Prieto Paula , Conradie Almari , Benhayoun Majda , Rousell Vicki , Davy Maria , Fuhr Uwe , Antonijoan Arbos Rosa , Abad‐Santos Francisco , Portolés Antonio , Van Duinen Jolanda , Carcas Antonio J. , Borobia Alberto M. ,   the ERA4TB Consortium
Published: October 2023

AbstractFirst‐time‐in‐human (FTIH) trials are designed to generate information on the safety, tolerability, as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profile of new drugs. To ensure the safety of participants, these trials need to be conducted at specifically equipped phase I clinical trial units (CTUs). In accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the European Union (EU) regulatory guidelines, one of the aims of the European Regime Accelerator for Tuberculosis (ERA4TB) project is to collaboratively create a feasibility tool, through a partnership between public and private entities, for the validation of CTUs selected to conduct FTIH trials. A feasibility form, encompassing nine sections, was created to gather information on the unit in relation to key attributes of FTIH trials. Collaboratively, industry and academic partners defined the minimal criteria to ensure the adherence of CTUs to the principles of ICH GCP and regulations outlined by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the execution of FTIH trials. Subsequently, all CTUs available for the project were assessed for FTIH trial eligibility. The introduction of the certification procedure through the feasibility tool within ERA4TB resulted in the accreditation of the five academic CTUs, which are now prepared to carry out FTIH trials as part of the Consortium. The developed feasibility tool aims to establish open and widely used minimum requirements for the validation of academic CTUs as FTIH units, marking it as the inaugural tool for CTU validation resulting from the collaboration between industry and academia within the ERA4TB project. The established partnership has enabled an innovative and novel way of working.
Bone marrow metabolism is affected by body weight and response to exercise training varies according to anatomical location
Authors: Ojala Ronja , Hentilä Jaakko , Lietzén Martin S. , Arponen Milja , Heiskanen Marja A. , Honkala Sanna M. , Virtanen Heidi , Koskensalo Kalle , Lautamäki Riikka , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Parkkola Riitta , Heinonen Olli J. , Malm Tarja , Lahti Leo , Rinne Juha , Eskola Olli , Rajander Johan , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Kaprio Jaakko , Ivaska Kaisa K. , Hannukainen Jarna C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimHigh body weight is a protective factor against osteoporosis, but obesity also suppresses bone metabolism and whole‐body insulin sensitivity. However, the impact of body weight and regular training on bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism is unclear. We studied the effects of regular exercise training on bone and BM metabolism in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for body weight.MethodsWe recruited 12 monozygotic twin pairs (mean ± SD age 40.4 ± 4.5 years; body mass index 32.9 ± 7.6, mean difference between co‐twins 7.6 kg/m2; eight female pairs). Ten pairs completed the 6‐month long training intervention. We measured lumbar vertebral and femoral BM insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake (GU) using 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography, lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone turnover markers.ResultsAt baseline, heavier co‐twins had higher lumbar vertebral BM GU (p < .001) and lower bone turnover markers (all p < .01) compared with leaner co‐twins but there was no significant difference in femoral BM GU, or bone mineral density. Training improved whole‐body insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity (both p < .05) and femoral BM GU (p = .008). The training response in lumbar vertebral BM GU was different between the groups (time × group, p = .02), as GU tended to decrease in heavier co‐twins (p = .06) while there was no change in leaner co‐twins.ConclusionsIn this study, regular exercise training increases femoral BM GU regardless of weight and genetics. Interestingly, lumbar vertebral BM GU is higher in participants with higher body weight, and training counteracts this effect in heavier co‐twins even without reduction in weight. These data suggest that BM metabolism is altered by physical activity.
Evaluation of left atrial and left ventricular functions with 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiography in patients with coronary artery tortuosity
Authors: Taskin Ugur , Mammadov Ganbar , Topaloglu Caner , Koyuncu Ilhan , Dogdus Mustafa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTortuosity in the coronary arteries is a very common entity encountered during angiography. The effect of coronary artery tortuosity (CAT) on the myocardium has not been completely investigated. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of CAT on left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardial functions by 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiography (3D‐STE).MethodsSeventy‐five patients with CAT and 80 age‐ and gender‐matched controls who proved to have normal coronary angiograms (CAG) were enrolled into the study. Following CAG, the 2D images were obtained first, and then 3D images were obtained for strain analysis.ResultsThe LAS‐r, LAS‐active, and LV‐GLS were significantly depressed in the CAT (+) group (p < .001, p < .001, p = .012, respectively). The multivariate regression models demonstrated that LAS‐r (p < .001), LAS‐active (p = .009), and LV‐GLS (p = .024) were found to be independent factors predicting CAT.ConclusionThe current study is the first to focus on the assessing both LA and LV myocardial dynamics in CAT (+) patients by strain echocardiography. The results of our study support the patients with CAT may have subclinical LA and LV myocardial involvements.
Novel 3D versus traditional transesophageal echocardiography techniques: Defining differences in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis
Authors: Tomoaia Raluca , Beyer Ruxandra Ștefana , Dădârlat‐Pop Alexandra , Șerban Adela Mihaela , Pop Dana , Zdrenghea Dumitru , Flachskampf Frank Arnold 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the availability of current antibiotic and surgical treatment options, infective endocarditis (IE) remains associated with a high mortality rate. Even though two‐dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is a major criteria in the diagnosis of IE, it is constrained by the single‐plane orientation. Since three‐dimensional (3D) TOE provides a comprehensive understanding of the cardiac architecture by allowing for a realistic visualization of the underlying structures in 3D space, it has attracted considerable interest in recent years.AimThe purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the advantages and pitfalls of 3D TOE in patients with IE, as well as to address emerging photo‐realistic 3D techniques that have the potential to enhance the visualization of cardiac structures in this setting.ResultsAccording to recent research, 3D TOE acquisitions outperform 2D acquisitions in terms of vegetation identification accuracy and embolism risk assessment. By reporting a variety of findings that are missed with 2D TOE, but which are validated by surgical examination, 3D TOE further improves the ability to identify endocarditis complications on both native and prosthetic valves. In addition to conventional 3D TOE, future developments in 3D technology led to the development of transillumination and tissue‐transparency rendering, which may improve anatomical understanding and depth perception. Due to the use of both conventional and novel 3D techniques, there are more patients who require surgical intervention, indicating that 3D TOE may have a clinical relevance on the surgical management.Conclusion3D TOE might fill the gaps left by 2D TOE in the diagnosis of IE.
Temporal trends of gender disparities in oral anticoagulant use in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Teppo Konsta , Airaksinen K. E. Juhani , Jaakkola Jussi , Halminen Olli , Salmela Birgitta , Kalatsova Ksenia , Kouki Elis , Haukka Jari , Putaala Jukka , Linna Miika , Aro Aapo L. , Mustonen Pirjo , Hartikainen Juha , Lehto Mika 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate sex‐specific temporal trends in the initiation of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy among patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) in Finland between 2007 and 2018.MethodsThe registry‐linkage Finnish AntiCoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation (FinACAF) Study included all patients with incident AF in Finland from 2007 to 2018. The primary outcome was the initiation of any OAC therapy.ResultsWe identified 229,565 patients with new‐onset AF (50.0% women; mean age 72.7 years). The initiation of OAC therapy increased continuously during the observation period. While women were more likely to receive OAC therapy overall, after adjusting for age, stroke risk factors and other confounding factors, female sex was associated with a marginally lower initiation of OACs (unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios comparing women to men: 1.08 (1.07–1.10) and 0.97 (0.96–0.98), respectively). Importantly, the gender disparities in OAC use attenuated and reached parity by the end of the observation period. Furthermore, when only patients eligible for OAC therapy according to the contemporary guidelines were included in the analyses, the gender inequalities in OAC initiation appeared minimal. Implementation of direct OACs for stroke prevention was slightly slower among women.ConclusionThis nationwide retrospective cohort study covering all patients with incident AF in Finland from 2007 to 2018 observed that although female sex was initially associated with a lower initiation of OAC therapy, the sex‐related disparities resolved over the course of the study period.
Pedagogy‐as‐Justice
Authors: Noroozi Nassim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNassim Noroozi proposes a juxtaposition of pedagogy with and a characterization of it as justice. The term pedagogical here is not limited to “the educational,” nor is pedagogy limited to the methods of teaching. At the same time, the term justice will not be framed in terms of liberal conceptual grounds. Noroozi defines pedagogy as an arrangement of meaning so that it becomes impossible not to see injustice. Noroozi argues that “pedagogy‐as‐justice” concerns itself with exposing injustice in transformative ways, and as such it is an ethical undertaking. She explores how philosophizing for struggle is inherently pedagogical and, because of our perception of “the pedagogical,” how it is inherently transformative. Furthermore, she argues that seeing pedagogy as justice will consequentially deem “the arrangements of meanings to engage others in the issues pertaining to injustice” as equally important to writing or thinking about those struggles. To illustrate the above points, Noroozi analyzes a case of public philosophical engagement against war. By expanding on this case, she proposes some central attributes of pedagogy‐as‐justice, namely its preoccupation with grounding abstract and anonymous concepts in their contested historical realities; its commitment to wrestling with an “opacity of concepts” or with “dishonest reasonings” that end up promoting suffering and injustice; and its recognition of the precarities inherent in undertaking pedagogy‐as‐justice. Noroozi traces a genealogy of the concept of pedagogy‐as‐justice going back to Socratic public philosophical engagements.
Time course of EEG complexity reflects attentional engagement during listening to speech in noise
Authors: Eqlimi Ehsan , Bockstael Annelies , Schönwiesner Marc , Talsma Durk , Botteldooren Dick 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAuditory distractions are recognized to considerably challenge the quality of information encoding during speech comprehension. This study explores electroencephalography (EEG) microstate dynamics in ecologically valid, noisy settings, aiming to uncover how these auditory distractions influence the process of information encoding during speech comprehension. We examined three listening scenarios: (1) speech perception with background noise (LA), (2) focused attention on the background noise (BA), and (3) intentional disregard of the background noise (BUA). Our findings showed that microstate complexity and unpredictability increased when attention was directed towards speech compared with tasks without speech (LA > BA & BUA). Notably, the time elapsed between the recurrence of microstates increased significantly in LA compared with both BA and BUA. This suggests that coping with background noise during speech comprehension demands more sustained cognitive effort. Additionally, a two‐stage time course for both microstate complexity and alpha‐to‐theta power ratio was observed. Specifically, in the early epochs, a lower level was observed, which gradually increased and eventually reached a steady level in the later epochs. The findings suggest that the initial stage is primarily driven by sensory processes and information gathering, while the second stage involves higher level cognitive engagement, including mnemonic binding and memory encoding.