bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Team approaches to the development of innovative technologies and processes to facilitate remediation
Authors: Smith Terri 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe enactment of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
created a complex liability scheme for owners, operators and prospective purchasers of contaminated properties,
particularly brownfields. As the program developed, liability issues related to contiguous property, prospective
purchasers, and no further action determinations became barriers to brownfield property redevelopment. The
national effort on the cleanup and redevelopment of brownfield sites took on new emphasis with the passing of
the federal “Small Business Liability Protection and Brownfields Revitalization Act” in January
2002. This new law provides liability clarifications as well as funding to facilitate the cleanup of brownfield
sites. President Bush stated in his 2003 State of the Union address, “In this century, the
greatest environmental progress will come about not through endless lawsuits or
command‐and‐control regulations, but through technology and innovation.” The
subject of this article is the Interstate Technology Regulatory Commission's Brownfield team, its current
initiative, goals, and areas of special focus. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Looking for nuclear translation using xenopus oocytes
Authors: Cosson Bertrand , Philippe Michel 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn eukaryotes transcription and translation takes place in two different compartments separated by the nuclear envelope. Nuclear translation has been reported in several publications, however, all these published results have been criticized, particularly with respect to cytoplasmic contamination of the nuclei. We have investigated the question of nuclear protein synthesis using a different strategy. We microinjected frog oocytes with different DNA and RNA constructs and searched for translation products in nuclei separated from the cytoplasm by microdissection. We have been unable to detect any translation within the nuclei but rather a saturable translation in the perinuclear cytoplasm associated with the isolated nuclei.
Microbial causes of endodontic flare‐ups
Authors: Siqueira J. F. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractLiterature review  Inter‐appointment flare‐up is characterized by the development of pain, swelling or both, following endodontic intervention. The causative factors of flare‐ups encompass mechanical, chemical and/or microbial injury to the pulp or periradicular tissues. Of these factors, microorganisms are arguably the major causative agents of flare‐ups. Even though the host is usually unable to eliminate the root canal infection, mobilization and further concentration of defence components at the periradicular tissues impede spreading of infection, and a balance between microbial aggression and host defences is commonly achieved. There are some situations during endodontic therapy in which such a balance may be disrupted in favour of microbial aggression, and an acute periradicular inflammation can ensue. Situations include apical extrusion of infected debris, changes in the root canal microbiota and/or in environmental conditions caused by incomplete chemo‐mechanical preparation, secondary intraradicular infections and perhaps the increase in the oxidation–reduction potential within the root canal favouring the overgrowth of the facultative bacteria. Based on these situations, preventive measures against infective flare‐ups are proposed, including selection of instrumentation techniques that extrude lesser amounts of debris apically; completion of the chemo‐mechanical procedures in a single visit; use of an antimicrobial intracanal medicament between appointments in the treatment of infected cases; not leaving teeth open for drainage and maintenance of the aseptic chain throughout endodontic treatment. Knowledge about the microbial causes of flare‐ups and adoption of appropriate preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of this highly distressing and undesirable clinical phenomenon.
Prairie dog towns as islands: applications of island biogeography and landscape ecology for conserving nonvolant terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Lomolino Mark V. , Smith Gregory A. 
Published: June 2003

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the utility of island biogeography theory as a model for understanding and conserving native communities of nonvolant terrestrial vertebrates at prairie dog towns.LocationOklahoma Panhandle, USA.MethodsWe surveyed mammal, reptile and amphibian communities on 36 black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns during the summers and falls of 1997 to 1999. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to characterize the landscape within 10 km of each town. We used Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Correlation Analysis, and Linear Regression to test for patterns in species richness relative to area and isolation of towns, local habitat characteristics, and characteristics of the adjacent landscape.ResultsSpecies richness was not significantly correlated with town size, town isolation, or local habitat characteristics. On the other hand, species richness was significantly correlated with characteristics of the landscape within 10 km of the focal town. In addition, species richness of mammals at prairie dog towns during the summer increased in a northerly direction, while richness of mammals at towns during fall increased to the west.Main conclusionsThese results, albeit contrary to traditional island biogeography theory, are consistent with an emerging view that communities on relatively small islands are strongly influenced by characteristics of the adjacent landscape (or seascape). We recommend that to the extent possible, networks of reserves for prairie dogs and their associated species should include clusters of large towns (i.e. larger than those studied here), as well as large but isolated towns, and that conservation efforts should include management of the intervening matrix of anthropogenic habitats.
Iron Management in Hemodialysis Patients: Optimizing Outcomes in Vicenza, Italy
Authors: Crepaldi C. , Brendolan A. , Bordoni V. , Carta M. R. , D'Intini V. , Gastaldon F. , Inguaggiato P. , Ronco C. 
Published: June 2003

The management of anemia in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis requires the appropriate combination of erythropoietin treatment, iron supplementation, and on occasion androgen therapy. Identifying and correcting functional iron deficiency is crucial to optimizing erythropoietin efficiency. Recently, however, the trend to administer maintenance iron with resultant high serum ferritin and high transferrin saturation has led to an increase in reports of iron overload. Oral iron supplementation is inexpensive and safe, but poor patient compliance and reduced intestinal absorption may limit its efficacy. Intravenous iron, on the other hand, is effective, and its safety is related to the iron salt used. Currently available data suggest that iron saccharate may be the safest iron salt available for intravenous administration, although iron gluconate is safer than the dextran forms of intravenous iron. It should be kept in mind, however, that all forms of intravenous iron may have the potential of inducing iron overload. At this time, the levels of ferritin that define iron overload are not clearly established. The side effects of iron overload are well recognized (infections, malignancies, vascular diseases); however, no guidelines exist for safe practice. There are many markers of iron deficiency, with serum ferritin and hypochromic red cell percentage currently the best markers available in clinical practice.
Increased local procoagulant action: a mechanism contributing to the favorable hemostatic effect of recombinant FVIIa in PLT disorders
Authors: Galán Ana‐María , Tonda Raúl , Pino Marcos , Reverter Juan Carlos , Ordinas Antonio , Escolar Ginés 
Published: June 2003

BACKGROUND: Recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) has been shown to improve hemostasis in patients with thrombocytopenia and to prevent or control bleeding episodes in patients with inherited deficiencies of major PLT glycoproteins, but the mechanism of action is not well understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Effects of rFVIIa on hemostasis were explored with an in vitro perfusion technique. Blood samples, from healthy donors or from patients with congenital defects of PLT glycoprotein IIb–IIIa (GPIIb–IIIa), were anticoagulated with low‐molecular‐weight heparin. Experimental thrombocytopenia (<6000 PLTs/μL) was induced by a filtration procedure. rFVIIa was added to blood samples at therapeutic concentrations. A severe GPIIb–IIIa impairment was also induced by exposure of normal blood samples to a specific antibody. Perfusion studies were performed through annular chambers containing damaged vascular segments. The presence of fibrin and PLTs on the perfused subendothelium was morphometrically quantified.RESULTS: Under conditions of experimental thrombocytopenia, addition of rFVIIa enhanced fibrin formation in a dose‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). Improvements in local fibrin generation and partial restoration of PLT interactions were also observed after incubation of blood from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia with rFVIIa at 5 μg per mL (180 μg/kg). Similar improvements were observed in blood samples incubated with antibodies to GPIIb–IIIa. rFVIIa in whole normal blood also enhanced fibrin formation but PLT deposition was unaffected. Evaluation of prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 in the perfusates confirmed that rFVIIa increased thrombin generation in all cases.CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that rFVIIa promotes a procoagulant activity at sites of vascular damage. This mechanism could explain the beneficial hemostatic effect of rFVIIa in patients with thrombocytopenia or with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Psychosocial conditions on and off the job and psychological ill health: depressive symptoms, impaired psychological wellbeing, heavy consumption of alcohol
Authors: Michélsen H , Bildt C 
Published: June 2003

Background:Psychiatric epidemiology has revealed a number of associations between gender, socioeconomic status, and psychiatric disorders.Aims:To examine psychosocial conditions on and off the job in relation to psychological ill health.Methods:Longitudinal design with 24 year follow up of employed persons (190 women, 177 men). Interview and questionnaire data on work and leisure conditions were collected in 1969 and 1993. Risk analyses were performed in relation to three outcomes in 1993: depression within the preceding 12 months, impaired psychological wellbeing, and heavy alcohol use.Results:Thirteen per cent of the women and 11% of the men showed symptoms of depression, 21% and 22% had impaired psychological wellbeing, and 7% and 15% respectively were heavy alcohol users. Dissatisfaction with the quality (women) or quantity (men) of social contacts 24 years earlier was a significant risk factor for depression. Dissatisfaction with the quality of social contacts was also associated with impaired psychological wellbeing (among women), and dissatisfaction with leisure time activities was associated with heavy alcohol use (among men). Frequent overtime work 24 years earlier was associated with heavy alcohol use among women. Cross sectional analyses also showed associations between psychological ill health and some work related factors (mentally demanding work and lack of job pride).Conclusions:Perceived inadequacies in social contacts, and practical obstacles to social relationships are viewed as risk factors for depression. In this longitudinal study, work related factors, including mental demands and time pressure, do not appear sufficiently associated with psychological ill health.
Do changes in pulse oximeter oxygen saturation predict equivalent changes in arterial oxygen saturation?
Authors: Perkins Gavin D , McAuley Daniel F , Giles Simon , Routledge Helen , Gao Fang 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigates the relation between changes in pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2) and changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the critically ill, and the effects of acidosis and anaemia on precision of using pulse oximetry to predict SaO2.

Patients and methods
Forty-one consecutive patients were recruited from a nine-bed general intensive care unit into a 2-month study. Patients with significant jaundice (bilirubin >40 μmol/l) or inadequate pulse oximetry tracing were excluded.

Results
A total of 1085 paired readings demonstrated only moderate correlation (r= 0.606; P < 0.01) between changes in SpO2 and those in SaO2, and the pulse oximeter tended to overestimate actual changes in SaO2. Anaemia increased the degree of positive bias whereas acidosis reduced it. However, the magnitude of these changes was small.

Conclusion
Changes in SpO2 do not reliably predict equivalent changes in SaO2 in the critically ill. Neither anaemia nor acidosis alters the relation between SpO2 and SaO2 to any clinically important extent.
A combined approach for the identification of continuous non‐linear systems
Authors: Voss H. U. , Rust H. , Horbelt W. , Timmer J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe identification of a non‐linear continuous output‐only system from a time series is considered for the case that the functional form of the model is not known beforehand. To estimate both functions and parameters, a combination of non‐parametric modelling based on non‐linear regression and parametric modelling based on a multiple shooting algorithm is proposed. This strategy to determine non‐linear differential equations is exemplified on experimental data from a chaotic circuit where an accurate reconstruction of the observed attractor is obtained. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the cure kinetics of isocyanate reactive hot‐melt adhesives with differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Cui Yanjun , Hong Ling , Wang Xinling , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe matrix polymer of reactive hot‐melt adhesive (RHMA) is an isocyanate‐terminated urethane prepolymer based on oligoester or oligoether diols and diisocyanates. In this study, we explored wet cure kinetics with both isothermal and nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry methods. Second‐order autocatalytic models were successfully used to evaluate the cure process of both oligoester‐ and oligoether‐based RHMAs. The autocatalyzation effect did not to depend on the structure of diols but on the reaction nature of the end isocyanates. The apparent energy of the overall cure reaction was 86.54 and 84.46 kJ/mol, respectively, which was based on nonisothermal DSC results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2708–2713, 2003
Simulation of the scale factor of a ductile fracture of polymer blends and composites on the basis of the specific interphase concept
Authors: Oshmyan V. G. , Shamaev M. Yu. , Timan S. A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe concept of interfacial layers surrounding inclusions in a host polymer is accepted as a basic source of the scale factor in the simulation of the large‐strain deformation and fracture of polymer blends and composites. The essence of the phenomenon is the ductile–brittle transition if the polymer ligament thickness exceeds a critical value, which is determined by the nature of the polymer. Original texture‐sensitive constitutive equations have been applied for the simulation of the polymer large‐strain deformation. Two periodic structural models of composites have been used. The disperse component (elastomeric or rigid inclusion) has been replaced by a geometrically identical system of pores, which coincides with phenomena of elastomeric inclusion rupture in rubber‐toughened plastics and debonding in particulate‐filled composites. The local loss of stability of an elastic deformation is used as a composite fracture criterion. The specific properties of the interphase can be caused by a specific texture and by closeness to a free surface. This specificity is stated in the model by an improved plastic ability compared with that of a bulk polymer. Our simulations show that the percolation of an interfacial polymer provides the brittle–ductile transition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2771–2777, 2003
Alignment and structural analysis of membrane polypeptides by 15N and 31P solid‐state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Bechinger Burkhard , Sizun Christina 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn contrast to solution NMR spectroscopy, where complete or almost complete averaging leads to isotropic values, the anisotropic character of nuclear interactions is apparent in solid‐state NMR spectra. The orientation dependence of chemical shift and dipolar or quadrupolar interactions has been used to obtain dynamic as well as angular information from polypeptides that strongly interact with phospholipid bilayers. This article illustrates the advantageous characteristics of the anisotropic 15N or 31P chemical shift interactions that in a direct manner allow one to obtain information on the alignment of helical polypeptides or of phospholipid head groups with respect to the membrane normal. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 18A: 130–145, 2003
Recovery from EAE is associated with decreased survival of encephalitogenic T cells in the CNS of B7‐1/B7‐2‐deficient mice
Authors: Chang Tammy T. , Sobel Raymond A. , Wei Tao , Ransohoff Richard M. , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Sharpe Arlene H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAdoptive transfer experiments using C57BL/6 mice lacking B7‐1 and B7‐2 as recipients of wt (wt) encephalitogenic T cells demonstrate a key role for B7 costimulation during the effector phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Following transfer of encephalitogenic T cells, B7‐1/B7‐2‐deficient (–/–) recipients develop a transient and mild disease as compared to wt recipients. To understand the mechanism by which B7‐1/B7‐2 may influence the effector phase of EAE, we analyzed T cells, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines within the CNS of wt and B7‐1/B7‐2–/– recipients at different times after adoptive transfer of activated myelin specific T cells. There was a marked decline in T cells and inflammatory mediators in the CNS of B7‐1/B7‐2–/– recipients by day 30 post transfer. B7‐1/B7‐2–/– mice developed more TUNEL+ apoptotic cells in the parenchyma and greater ratios of TUNEL+ cells/parenchymal foci than wt mice resulting in virtual disappearance of parenchymal foci. Therefore, without B7‐1 and B7‐2 costimulation in the target organ, there is increased T cell apoptosis and attenuation of inflammation. Theseresults indicate that B7‐1 and B7‐2 provide critical costimulatory signals for sustaining survival of pathogenic T cells within the central nervous system parenchyma during the effector phase of EAE and suggest novel treatment approaches in the effector phase of autoimmune diseases.
Thymic epithelial cells provide Wnt signals to developing thymocytes
Authors: Pongracz Judit , Hare Katherine , Harman Benjamin , Anderson Graham , Jenkinson Eric J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractInteractions with thymic stromal cells are known to be critical for the development of T cells from progenitors entering the thymus, yet the molecular mechanisms of stromal cell function remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of β‐catenin‐mediated activation of T cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) transcription during thymocyte development. As regulation of this signaling pathway is controlled by binding of soluble Wnt proteins to cell surface Frizzled (Fz) receptors, we studied components of Wnt/Fz‐mediated signaling in thecontext of stromal cell regulation of thymocyte development. We show that mRNA for a variety of Wnt family members, notably Wnt‐4, Wnt‐7a and 7b, and Wnt‐10a and 10b, are expressed by thymic epithelium rather then by thymocytes, while thymocytes demonstrate a developmentally regulated pattern of Fz receptor expression. Collectively these findings suggest (1) a functional role for Wnt‐producing thymic epithelium in determining TCF/LEF‐mediated transcriptional regulation in Fz‐bearing thymocytes, and (2) a role for defined Wnt‐Fz interactions at successive stages of thymocyte maturation. In support of this we show that separation of thymocytes from Wnt‐producing epithelial cells and the thymic microenvironment, triggers β‐catenin phosphorylation and degradation in thymocytes. Thus, sustained exposure to Wnt in the context of an intact stromal microenvironment is necessary for stabilization of β‐catenin‐mediated signaling in thymocytes.
The ester‐bonded palmitoyl side chains of Pam3CysSerLys4 lipopeptide account for its powerful adjuvanticity to HLA class I‐restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Reschner Anca , Moretta Antonia , Landmann Regine , Heberer Michael , Spagnoli Giulio C. , Padovan Elisabetta 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMolecularly defined adjuvants are urgently required to implement immunization protocols by which CD8+ T cells induction is envisaged. We show here that the synthetic lipopeptide Pam3CysSerLys4 (P3CSK4) strongly enhances the expansion of antigen‐specific IFN‐γ+CD8+ cells in vitro. These effects critically depend on the presence of two ester‐bonded palmitoylated side chains. In fact, T cell expansion is impaired in the presence of derivatives bearing two non‐palmitoylated fatty acid chains, while derivatives with only one amide‐bonded palmitoylated residue are completely inactive and behave like the non‐lipidated peptide backbone. P3CSK4 is not mitogenic for T lymphocytes and can modulte DC immune biological properties. Indeed, doses as low as 100 ng/ml increase CD86, CD83 and CD40 surface expression on DC, fail to induce CCR7, and trigger a defined pattern of soluble factors associated to immune effector functions. In particular, substantial amounts of TNF‐α, IL‐6, CCL2 and CXCL10, in the absence of IFN‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐15, IL‐12p70 and CX3CL1, can be measured. Accordingly, antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells expanded in vitro express CCR2 and CXCR3 chemokine receptors. Altogether our data suggest that human DC are able to respond to chemically different synthetic lipopeptide analogs and that optimal adjuvanticity to CD8+ T cell induction is achieved by the palmitoylated structures.
Incomplete effector/memory differentiation of antigen‐primed CD8+ T cells in gene gun DNA‐vaccinated mice
Authors: Bartholdy Christina , Stryhn Anette , Hansen Nils Jakob Vest , Buus Søren , Thomsen Allan Randrup 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDNA vaccination is an efficient way to induce CD8+ T cell memory, but it is still unclear to what extent such memory responses afford protection in vivo. To study this, we induced CD8+ memory responses directed towards defined viral epitopes, using DNA vaccines encoding immunodominant MHC class I‐restricted epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus covalently linked to β2‐microglobulin. This vaccine construct primed for a stronger recall response than did a more conventional minigene construct. Despite this, vaccinated mice were only protected against systemic infection whereas protection against the consequences of peripheral challenge was limited. Phenotypic analysis revealed that DNA vaccine‐primed CD8+ T cells in uninfected mice differed from virus‐primed CD8+ T cells particularly regarding expression of very‐late antigen (VLA)‐4, an adhesion molecule important for targeting T cells to inflammatory sites. Thus, our DNA vaccine induces a long‐lived memory CD8+ T cell population that provides efficient protection against high‐dose systemic infection. However, viral replication in solid non‐lymphoid organs is not curtailed sufficiently fast to prevent significant virus‐induced inflammation. Our results suggest that this is due to qualitative limitations of the primed CD8+ T cells.