bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct profiles of proliferating CD8+/TCF1+ T cells and CD163+/PD-L1+ macrophages predict risk of relapse differently among treatment-naïve breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Ntostoglou Konstantinos , Theodorou Sofia D. P. , Proctor Tanja , Nikas Ilias P. , Awounvo Sinclair , Sepsa Athanasia , Georgoulias Vassilis , Ryu Han Suk , Pateras Ioannis S. , Kittas Christos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImmunophenotypic analysis of breast cancer microenvironment is gaining attraction as a clinical tool improving breast cancer patient stratification. The aim of this study is to evaluate proliferating CD8 + including CD8 + TCF1 + Τ cells along with PD-L1 expressing tissue-associated macrophages among different breast cancer subtypes. A well-characterized cohort of 791 treatment-naïve breast cancer patients was included. The analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern among breast cancer subtypes characterized by increased CD8 + , CD163 + and CD163 + PD-L1 + cells along with high PD-L1 status and decreased fraction of CD8 + Ki67 + T cells in triple negative (TNBC) and HER2 + compared to luminal tumors. Kaplan–Meier and Cox univariate survival analysis revealed that breast cancer patients with high CD8 + , CD8 + Ki67 + , CD8 + TCF1 + cells, PD-L1 score and CD163 + PD-L1 + cells are likely to have a prolonged relapse free survival, while patients with high CD163 + cells have a worse prognosis. A differential impact of high CD8 + , CD8 + Ki67 + , CD8 + TCF1 + T cells, CD163 + PD-L1 + macrophages and PD-L1 status on prognosis was identified among the various breast cancer subtypes since only TNBC patients experience an improved prognosis compared to patients with luminal A tumors. Conversely, high infiltration by CD163 + cells is associated with worse prognosis only in patients with luminal A but not in TNBC tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis in TNBC patients revealed that increased CD8 + [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.542; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.309–0.950; p = 0.032), CD8 + TCF1 + (HR = 0.280; 95% CI 0.101–0.779; p = 0.015), CD163 + PD-L1 + (HR: 0.312; 95% CI 0.112–0.870; p = 0.026) cells along with PD-L1 status employing two different scoring methods (HR: 0.362; 95% CI 0.162–0.812; p = 0.014 and HR: 0.395; 95% CI 0.176–0.884; p = 0.024) were independently linked with a lower relapse rate. Multivariate analysis in Luminal type A patients revealed that increased CD163 + was independently associated with a higher relapse rate (HR = 2.360; 95% CI 1.077–5.170; p = 0.032). This study demonstrates that the evaluation of the functional status of CD8 + T cells in combination with the analysis of immunosuppressive elements could provide clinically relevant information in different breast cancer subtypes.
Bone marrow biopsy in geriatric patients above the age of 85 years: invaluable or unnecessary? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Kailun David , Jost Edgar , Panse Jens , Herwartz Reinhild , Lindemann-Docter Katharina , Jonigk Danny , Kricheldorf Kim , Köchel Anja , Sauerbrunn Nicolas , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Koschmieder Steffen , Isfort Susanne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBone marrow biopsy (BMB) is a well-established diagnostic tool for various hematological, oncological, and other medical conditions. However, treatment options for geriatric patients (pts) facing these diseases are often constrained. In this single-center, retrospective analysis we assessed the diagnostic value of BMB in geriatric pts aged ≥ 85 years and examined its impact on therapeutic decisions. We examined 156 BMB procedures in 129 pts, extracting data from the electronic patient records and applying descriptive statistical methods. Nearly half of the primary diagnostic procedures (26; 44.1%) resulted in a modification of the initially suspected diagnosis. Notably, 15 (25.4%) of these procedures, led to changes in both the diagnosis and planned interventional treatment. Among the 15 follow-up procedures (36.6%), disease progression was initially suspected based on symptoms, but BMB results excluded such progression. In lymphoma staging biopsies, only 2 (3.6%) prompted a change in therapeutic intervention. Importantly, no BMB-related complications, such as bleeding, infection or nerve damage, were reported. Median survival after BMB was 16.1 months across all pts, yet it varied based on the diagnosis and comorbidity score. The survival of pts with a change in therapy based on BMB results did not significantly differ from those who did not undergo a therapy change. In conclusion, BMB proved to be generally safe and beneficial in this geriatric cancer patient cohort beyond the age of 85 years. However, the advantages of lymphoma staging in this patient population warrant further consideration.
Knee landmarks detection via deep learning for automatic imaging evaluation of trochlear dysplasia and patellar height
Authors: Barbosa Roberto M. , Serrador Luís , da Silva Manuel Vieira , Macedo Carlos Sampaio , Santos Cristina P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To develop and validate a deep learning–based approach to automatically measure the patellofemoral instability (PFI) indices related to patellar height and trochlear dysplasia in knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

Methods
A total of 763 knee MRI slices from 95 patients were included in the study, and 3393 anatomical landmarks were annotated for measuring sulcus angle (SA), trochlear facet asymmetry (TFA), trochlear groove depth (TGD) and lateral trochlear inclination (LTI) to assess trochlear dysplasia, and Insall-Salvati index (ISI), modified Insall-Salvati index (MISI), Caton Deschamps index (CDI) and patellotrochlear index (PTI) to assess patellar height. A U-Net based network was implemented to predict the landmarks’ locations. The successful detection rate (SDR) and the mean absolute error (MAE) evaluation metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the network. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also used to evaluate the reliability of the proposed framework to measure the mentioned PFI indices.

Results
The developed models achieved good accuracy in predicting the landmarks’ locations, with a maximum value for the MAE of 1.38 ± 0.76 mm. The results show that LTI, TGD, ISI, CDI and PTI can be measured with excellent reliability (ICC > 0.9), and SA, TFA and MISI can be measured with good reliability (ICC > 0.75), with the proposed framework.

Conclusions
This study proposes a reliable approach with promising applicability for automatic patellar height and trochlear dysplasia assessment, assisting the radiologists in their clinical practice.

Clinical relevance statement
The objective knee landmarks detection on MRI images provided by artificial intelligence may improve the reproducibility and reliability of the imaging evaluation of trochlear anatomy and patellar height, assisting radiologists in their clinical practice in the patellofemoral instability assessment.

Key Points
• Imaging evaluation of patellofemoral instability is subjective and vulnerable to substantial intra and interobserver variability.
• Patellar height and trochlear dysplasia are reliably assessed in MRI by means of artificial intelligence (AI).
• The developed AI framework provides an objective evaluation of patellar height and trochlear dysplasia enhancing the clinical practice of the radiologists.
Dorm augmented college assignments
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Oǧuz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn college assignments, a common practice is that students receive their dorm allocation after the realization of college placements. This causes wasted resources and unfair allocation. To fix this, we consider a college assignment problem where students simultaneously receive their college and dorm assignments. We first introduce the so-called “Dorm Augmented Deferred Acceptance” (DDA) and show that it is stable and efficient. However, it is not student-optimal stable. We then introduce our next mechanism, “Student-Improving Dorm Augmented Deferred Acceptance” (SDDA). It is mainly built on DDA, but with some extra steps to neutralize the student-harming rejection cycles. We show that SDDA is student-optimal stable, efficient, and unanimously preferred to DDA by students. Stability and strategy-proofness are incompatible, implying that neither of these mechanisms is strategy-proof. None of these mechanisms is more manipulable than the other; hence SDDA improves the students’ welfare without an extra strategic cost.
Hippocampal sclerosis is associated with celiac disease type immunity in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Peltola Maria , Kaukinen Katri , Basnyat Pabitra , Raitanen Jani , Haimila Katri , Liimatainen Suvi , Rainesalo Sirpa , Peltola Jukka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
A prior small-scale single center study suggested an association between celiac disease (CD)-type immunity and refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). The present study addresses this putative association in a large, well-characterized group of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients. These patients were grouped based on the spectrum of CD and gluten sensitivity-associated antibodies.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 253 consecutive adult epilepsy patients (135 females, 118 males; age 16–76 years) were categorized into three groups: (i) CD-positive group with either prior diagnosis of CD or CD-specific TG2/EmA antibodies, (ii) AGA-positive group with antigliadin antibodies (AGA) but without CD, and (iii) CD/AGA-negative group without any gluten sensitivity-associated antibodies or CD. Clinical and immunological findings were then compared among the groups.

Results
TLE with HS was more common in the CD-positive group compared to CD/AGA-negative group (31.8% versus 11.9%, P = 0.019). Autoimmune disorders were more common in the AGA-positive group than in the CD/AGA-negative group (P = 0.025). Considering HS lateralization; left lateralization was more common in CD-positive group compared to CD/AGA-negative group (71.4% versus 25%, P = 0.030). TG6 seropositivity did not differ among the groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
This study provides further evidence linking TLE with HS and CD-type autoimmunity suggesting that CD-type immune response to gluten can be one potential mechanism as a disease modifier leading to DRE and HS. Understanding these immunological factors is imperative for developing immunomodulatory or dietary treatments for DRE potentially preventing HS progression.
Reduction and recovery of self-sustained muscle activity after fatiguing plantar flexor contractions
Authors: Blazevich Anthony J. , Mesquita Ricardo N. O. , Pinto Ronei S. , Pulverenti Timothy , Ratel Sébastien 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Persistent inward calcium and sodium currents (PICs) are crucial for initiation and maintenance of motoneuron firing, and thus muscular force. However, there is a lack of data describing the effects of fatiguing exercise on PIC activity in humans. We simultaneously applied tendon vibration and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (VibStim) before and after fatiguing exercise. VibStim induces self-sustained muscle activity that is proposed to result from PIC activation.

Methods
Twelve men performed 5-s maximal isometric plantar flexor contractions (MVC) with 5-s rests until joint torque was reduced to 70%MVC. VibStim trials consisted of five 2-s trains of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (20 Hz, evoking 10% MVC) of triceps surae with simultaneous Achilles tendon vibration (115 Hz) without voluntary muscle activation. VibStim was applied before (PRE), immediately (POST), 5-min (POST-5), and 10-min (POST-10) after exercise completion.

Results
Sustained torque (Tsust) and soleus electromyogram amplitudes (EMG) measured 3 s after VibStim were reduced (Tsust: −59.0%, p < 0.001; soleus EMG: −38.4%, p < 0.001) but largely recovered by POST-5, and changes in MVC and Tsust were correlated across the four time points (r = 0.69; p < 0.001). After normalisation to values obtained at the end of the vibration phase to control for changes in fibre-specific force and EMG signal characteristics, decreases in Tsust (−42.9%) and soleus EMG (−22.6%) remained significant and were each correlated with loss and recovery of MVC (r = 0.41 and 0.46, respectively).

Conclusion
The parallel changes observed in evoked self-sustained muscle activity and force generation capacity provide motivation for future examinations on the potential influence of fatigue-induced PIC changes on motoneuron output.
Recent advances in acid sensing by G protein coupled receptors
Authors: Glitsch Maike D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChanges in extracellular proton concentrations occur in a variety of tissues over a range of timescales under physiological conditions and also accompany virtually all pathologies, notably cancers, stroke, inflammation and trauma. Proton-activated, G protein coupled receptors are already partially active at physiological extracellular proton concentrations and their activity increases with rising proton concentrations. Their ability to monitor and report changes in extracellular proton concentrations and hence extracellular pH appears to be involved in a variety of processes, and it is likely to mirror and in some cases promote disease progression. Unsurprisingly, therefore, these pH-sensing receptors (pHR) receive increasing attention from researchers working in an expanding range of research areas, from cellular neurophysiology to systemic inflammatory processes. This review is looking at progress made in the field of pHRs over the past few years and also highlights outstanding issues.
The $$L^p$$-Fisher–Rao metric and Amari–C̆encov $$\alpha $$-Connections
Authors: Bauer Martin , Le Brigant Alice , Lu Yuxiu , Maor Cy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe introduce a family of Finsler metrics, called the $$L^p$$

L
p

-Fisher–Rao metrics $$F_p$$

F
p

, for $$p\in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

, which generalizes the classical Fisher–Rao metric $$F_2$$

F
2

, both on the space of densities $${\text {Dens}}_+(M)$$

Dens
+

(
M
)

and probability densities $${\text {Prob}}(M)$$

Prob
(
M
)

. We then study their relations to the Amari–C̆encov $$\alpha $$
α
-connections $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

from information geometry: on $${\text {Dens}}_+(M)$$

Dens
+

(
M
)

, the geodesic equations of $$F_p$$

F
p

and $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

coincide, for $$p = 2/(1-\alpha )$$

p
=
2
/
(
1
-
α
)

. Both are pullbacks of canonical constructions on $$L^p(M)$$

L
p

(
M
)

, in which geodesics are simply straight lines. In particular, this gives a new variational interpretation of $$\alpha $$
α
-geodesics as being energy minimizing curves. On $${\text {Prob}}(M)$$

Prob
(
M
)

, the $$F_p$$

F
p

and $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

geodesics can still be thought as pullbacks of natural operations on the unit sphere in $$L^p(M)$$

L
p

(
M
)

, but in this case they no longer coincide unless $$p=2$$

p
=
2

. Using this transformation, we solve the geodesic equation of the $$\alpha $$
α
-connection by showing that the geodesic are pullbacks of projections of straight lines onto the unit sphere, and they always cease to exists after finite time when they leave the positive part of the sphere. This unveils the geometric structure of solutions to the generalized Proudman–Johnson equations, and generalizes them to higher dimensions. In addition, we calculate the associate tensors of $$F_p$$

F
p

, and study their relation to $$\nabla ^{(\alpha )}$$

∇

(
α
)

.
Multiple central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: diagnostic signposts of Noonan syndrome and RASopathy
Authors: Friedrich Reinhard E. , Rutkowski Rico , Gosau Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is a phenotypically variable inherited multi-system disorder. Maxillofacial findings can be diagnostic, especially in the evaluation of discrete facial dysmorphia. Diagnostic landmark findings of therapeutic relevance for the jaws such as central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) are rare in NS. However, recent molecular genetic studies indicate that these rare, benign lesions are neoplasms and more common in specific syndromes grouped under the umbrella term RASopathies. A specialist surgical diagnosis can be helpful in identifying the underlying disease. This report outlines diagnosis and treatment of a case of CGCG for which jaw diagnosis became the key to identifying a syndromic disease.
Prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology in mandibular premolars among a selected Southern Egyptian sub-population: a CBCT-analysis
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed Ahmed , Elmesellawy Maii Youssef , Schäfer Edgar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mandibular premolars can pose a significant challenge in root canal treatment due to their complex canal system. This study investigated the prevalence of multiple roots and complex canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a selected Egyptian sub-population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). 283 CBCT scans (131 males, 152 females, age 18–70) included 1132 mandibular premolars (566 first, and 566 second premolars) were viewed for incidences ofvariation in root numbers and canal configuration according to Vertucci’s classification. CBCT images were assessed by two endodontists, data were statistically analyzed using Fisher exact and Chi-square tests. The majority of first premolars (85.7%) exhibited a single root, whereas 14.7% had 2 roots with a significantly higher frequency in males (19.8%) than in females (9.5%) (P < .05). The most prevalent type was type I (57.8%), followed by type V (21.7%), while types II and VII made up only 1%. Types V and III were more prevalent among females, while males had a higher prevalence of types I and IV. In 2.5% of cases, mandibular second premolars were found to have 2 roots, with a higher incidence in males (P < .05). Type I canals were significantly more prevalent (90.8%) than other types, followed by type V (5.3%) (P < .05). A statistically significant gender correlation was found regarding root number and canal configuration. It is not uncommon to find mandibular first premolars with two roots in the southern Egyptian population, particularly in males. These observations may be valuable for dentists who treat Southern Egyptians, in Egypt and other countries.
Enabling the Galileo high accuracy service with open-source software: integration of HASlib and RTKLIB
Authors: Prol Fabricio S. , Kirkko-Jaakkola Martti , Horst Oliver , Malkamäki Tuomo , Bhuiyan M. Zahidul H. , Kaasalainen Sanna , Fernández-Hernández Ignacio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) is a free-of-charge service designed to deliver decimeter-level accuracy in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) applications using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). With the intention of facilitating the use of HAS corrections with open access tools, we present the open-source library named HASlib and its integration with another open-source library named RTKLIB. HASlib decodes the Reed–Solomon encoded Galileo E6 navigation data pages and outputs the corrections in commonly used formats. This enables the utilization of HAS with conventional GNSS receivers and PPP engines that lack native support for HAS formats. For instance, the outputs from HASlib enable the use of HAS corrections in RTKLIB. In order to validate this integration, we demonstrate that HAS can allow decimeter-level accuracy using only free-of-charge services and tools. We have obtained a 3D root mean square error below 20 cm (1 sigma) after a convergence time of 10–90 min in Finland. This accuracy has overcome classical real-time solutions with broadcast and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) data by one order of magnitude. Compared to post-processed multi-GNSS PPP, HAS corrections required longer convergence times, given the real-time nature. Furthermore, our assessment revealed that the longer convergence time, compared to prior literature, was attributed to RTKLIB filtering procedure and geometry deficiencies in high latitudes. Nevertheless, once convergence was attained, a sub-decimeter level of accuracy was observed in both horizontal and vertical components. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Galileo HAS, HASlib, and RTKLIB as powerful tools for providing open-access to real-time PPP solutions.
Gene selection for high dimensional biological datasets using hybrid island binary artificial bee colony with chaos game optimization
Authors: Nssibi Maha , Manita Ghaith , Chhabra Amit , Mirjalili Seyedali , Korbaa Ouajdi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicroarray technology, as applied to the fields of bioinformatics, biotechnology, and bioengineering, has made remarkable progress in both the treatment and prediction of many biological problems. However, this technology presents a critical challenge due to the size of the numerous genes present in the high-dimensional biological datasets associated with an experiment, which leads to a curse of dimensionality on biological data. Such high dimensionality of real biological data sets not only increases memory requirements and training costs, but also reduces the ability of learning algorithms to generalise. Consequently, multiple feature selection (FS) methods have been proposed by researchers to choose the most significant and precise subset of classified genes from gene expression datasets while maintaining high classification accuracy. In this research work, a novel binary method called iBABC-CGO based on the island model of the artificial bee colony algorithm, combined with the chaos game optimization algorithm and SVM classifier, is suggested for FS problems using gene expression data. Due to the binary nature of FS problems, two distinct transfer functions are employed for converting the continuous search space into a binary one, thus improving the efficiency of the exploration and exploitation phases. The suggested strategy is tested on a variety of biological datasets with different scales and compared to popular metaheuristic-based, filter-based, and hybrid FS methods. Experimental results supplemented with the statistical measures, box plots, Wilcoxon tests, Friedman tests, and radar plots demonstrate that compared to prior methods, the proposed iBABC-CGO exhibit competitive performance in terms of classification accuracy, selection of the most relevant subset of genes, data variability, and convergence rate. The suggested method is also proven to identify unique sets of informative, relevant genes successfully with the highest overall average accuracy in 15 tested biological datasets. Additionally, the biological interpretations of the selected genes by the proposed method are also provided in our research work.