bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in farm structure following conversion to organic farming in Denmark
Authors: Langer Vibeke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCompared with conventional farms, organic farms are expected to be more diverse, less specialized and less intensive, and as a group contribute to a more uniform regional distribution of farm types. Data on farm size, crop distribution and livestock intensity prior to conversion and planned after conversion on 448 Danish farms, which began conversion to organic farming in 1997, are presented by addressing two questions: (1) what features characterize Danish farms that convert from conventional to organic farming; and (2) do farm types, stocking rates and crop distribution change with conversion? In 1997, dairy farms dominated among the converting farms in hectarage, and a large majority (80–97%) of the farmers of all farm types planned to continue with the same type of production system after conversion. Thus, the regional characterization pattern in organic farm types will be similar to that of conventional farms. Although the total number of livestock units on the converting farms is planned to increase by 6% following conversion to organic farming, they are well below average in stocking rates compared with all Danish farms both before and after conversion. Farmers also plan changes in crop distribution: a 20% decrease in the hectarage for cereal production; a doubling of the hectarage for grassland in rotation; a decrease in hectarage for set-aside, row crops and oilseed rape; and roughage and seeds unchanged. Planned changes in crop distribution differ between farm types. The need to include aspects of diversity and production intensity, on both the farm and the larger scale, in the evaluation of the future direction in organic farming is discussed.
Sheep stocking under traditional and improved grazing systems in the cereal-sheep system of Castile-La Mancha (south-central Spain)
Authors: Caballero Rafael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLand-based systems of low stocking rate are usually associated with low environmental concerns. However, we hypothesized that traditional unrestructured grazing systems may represent more environmental costs than benefits. Community-based research work was conducted in the 1990s in the cereal-sheep system of Castile–La Mancha, with the objective of assessing the typology of the system, including the grazing structures and social groups involved in grazing management. Results showed that traditional management represented a heterogeneous spatio-temporal distribution of grazing at the regional level, with high variability at the local level. Occasional overgrazing may occur, but a trend towards fewer grazing-days with correspondingly more indoor feeding and widespread underuse of grazing resources was more apparent. Proposals to improve the grazing system reached a high degree of consensus among farmers, but the two social groups (cultivators and landless pastoralists) showed divergent views in some important management issues. The imbalance in group numbers indicated that collective action is difficult to achieve. Implementation of improved grazing practices would require a policy intervention based on the disentangled constraints and consensus among interested farmers.
Estimating active carbon for soil quality assessment: A simplified method for laboratory and field use
Authors: Weil Ray R. , Islam Kandikar R. , Stine Melissa A. , Gruver Joel B. , Samson-Liebig Susan E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA simple method of estimating changes in biologically active soil carbon (C) could help evaluate soil quality impacts of alternative management practices. Most reports of permanganate for active C determination use highly concentrated solutions (0.333 M) that are difficult to work with and tend to react with a large fraction of soil C that is not well distinguished from total organic C. We report on a highly simplified method in which dilute, slightly alkaline KMnO4 reacts with the most readily oxidizable (active) forms of soil C, converting Mn(VII) to Mn(II), and proportionally lowering absorbance of 550 nm light. The amount of soil C that reacted increased with concentration of KMnO4 used (0.01 to 0.1 M), degree of soil drying (moist fresh soil to air-dried for 24 hour) and time of shaking (1–15 minutes). Shaking of air-diy soil in a 0.02 M KMnO4 solution for 2 minutes produced consistent and management-sensitive results, both in the laboratory and with a field kit that used a hand-held colorimeter. Addition of 0.1 M. CaCl2 to the permanganate reagent enhanced settling of the soil after shaking, eliminating the need for centrifugaron in the field kit. Results from the laboratory and field-kit protocols were nearly identical (R2 = 0.98), as were those from an inter-laboratory sample exchange (R2 = 0.91). The active soil C measured by the new procedure was more sensitive to management effects than total organic C, and more closely related to biologically mediated soil properties, such as respiration, microbial biomass and aggregation, than several other measures of soil organic C.
Entrepreneurial outcomes and enterprise size in US retail farmers' markets
Authors: Feenstra Gail W. , Lewis Christopher C. , Hinrichs C. Clare , Gillespie Gilbert W. , Hilchey Duncan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that farmers' markets are increasingly important contributors to the economic development of rural and urban communities in the US. Yet, little is known about the specific ways and the extent to which farmers' markets contribute to developing their vendors' capacities as entrepreneurs or affect vendors' business success. In this study, we examine the capacities of farmers' market vendors in three states—New York, Iowa and California—and associated entrepreneurial outcomes. In particular, we explore how vendors' business activities and capacities are associated with different sizes of enterprises. A mail survey of up to 400 vendors, from 20 markets in each state, was conducted in 1999 to examine factors associated with business outcomes and vendor capacities. The importance of farmers' markets to small-, medium- and large-size enterprises and the particular contributions that have been most helpful to vendors were identified. Small-scale enterprises are still the most numerous at farmers' markets, making up almost 56% of all vendors. More than half of these enterprises are operated by part-time farmers or market gardeners. We found that the small enterprises had both less business and market experience, and sell at markets closer to home than do medium and large enterprises. Although these vendors with small enterprises have engaged in fewer entrepreneurial activities, made fewer business contacts and acquired fewer skills at farmers' markets, compared to medium and large enterprises they were more likely to consider farmers' markets to be their most important business development opportunity. Although, for these small enterprises, participating informers' markets may not yield financial gains as large as those gained by medium- and large-scale vendors, farmers' markets may be one of the few options for entrepreneurs to maintain and/or enhance their market niche in a community. Key information needs of small-, medium- and large-size enterprises are described, as well as suggestions for ways in which local educational institutions, Cooperative Extension, government agencies and nonprofit organizations can help support these enterprises and enhance community economic development in their regions.
Detecting kHz gravitons from a neutron star merger with a multi-mode resonant mass detector
Authors: Tobar Germain , Pikovski Igor , Tobar Michael E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a multi-mode bar consisting of mass elements of decreasing size for the implementation of a gravitational version of the photo-electric effect through the stimulated absorption of up to kHz gravitons from a binary neutron star merger and post-merger. We find that the multi-mode detector has normal modes that retain the coupling strength to the gravitational wave of the largest mass-element, while only having an effective mass comparable to the mass of the smallest element. This allows the normal modes to have graviton absorption rates due to the tonne-scale largest mass, while the single graviton absorption process in the normal mode could be resolved through energy measurements of a mass-element in-principle smaller than pico-gram scale. We argue the feasibility of directly counting gravito-phonons in the bar through energy measurements of the end mass. This improves the transduction of the single-graviton signal, enhancing the feasibility of detecting single gravitons.
What about the workers? An update
Authors: Wakeford Richard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Epidemiological studies of nuclear industry workers are of substantial importance to understanding the risk of cancer consequent to low-level exposure to radiation, and these studies should provide vital evidence for the construction of the international system of radiological protection. Recent studies involve large numbers of workers and include health outcomes for workers who accumulated moderate (and even high) doses over prolonged periods while employed during the earlier years of the nuclear industry. The interpretation of the findings of these recent studies has proved to be disappointingly difficult. There are puzzling patterns of results involving the period of first employment and monitoring for radionuclide intakes, depending on the particular study examined. Explaining these patterns is crucial for a reliable understanding of results in terms of occupational radiation exposure. In this paper, an updated review of nuclear worker studies is presented in the context of these patterns of results, making use of the latest relevant results. It is apparent that the strikingly raised risks for mortality from solid cancers for workers hired in later years reported from the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS) is effectively confined to workers at five nuclear facilities in the USA, and that the notable variation of risks in INWORKS between workers monitored or not for radionuclide intakes is driven by UK workers. These are the areas where effort must be concentrated before a confident derivation of radiation risk estimates can be obtained from these nuclear worker studies.
SIMP dark matter during reheating
Authors: Chowdhury Debtosh , Show Sudipta 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) has become one of the promising dark matter (DM) candidates due to its capability of addressing the small-scale anomaly, where the final DM abundance is set via the freeze-out of 3→ 2 or 4→ 2 annihilation process involving solely the dark sector particles. In this work, we explore the freeze-out of SIMP DM during the inflationary reheating epoch. During reheating, the radiation energy density evolves differently based on the shape of inflaton potential and spin of its decay products than the standard radiation-dominated picture; as a result, in this scenario, the freeze-out temperature varies distinctly with DM mass compared to the standard case. Large entropy injection due to inflaton decay demands a smaller cross-section to satisfy the observed relic than the standard radiation-dominated freeze-out case. The required cross-section, satisfying the relic density constraint and the maximum allowed thermally averaged cross-section by the unitarity of the S-matrix, set an upper limit on the DM mass. The upper bound on the mass of the dark matter for 3→2 (4→2) is 1 GeV (7 MeV), assuming a radiation-dominated background. Interstingly, these limits get relaxed to 106 (104) GeV for 3→2 (4→2) SIMP dark matter for quadratic inflaton potential. We find that a small amount of DM parameter space survives for reheating with quadratic inflaton potential after considering the lower bound of reheating temperature, put by the latest CMB observation depending on the inflationary models. In the case of the quartic inflaton potential, the allowed DM parameter space gets reduced compared to the quadratic case.
Positivity bounds on parity-violating scalar-tensor EFTs
Authors: Xu Hao , Hong Dong-Yu , Wang Zhuo-Hui , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using dispersion relations of the scattering amplitudes and semi-definite programming, we
calculate causality bounds on the Wilson coefficients in scalar-tensor effective field theories
that include parity-violating operators. Particular attention has been paid to the
dynamical-Chern-Simons (dCS) and scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (sGB) couplings, along with higher order
coefficients, and the interplay between them. For the leading terms, the bounds on the
parity-conserving and -violating coefficients are simply projections of the complex
coefficients. Some parity-violating coefficients are found to be upper bounded by the
parity-conserving counterparts, or the higher order parity-conserving coefficients. While the
observational constraints on parity-violating coefficients are weaker than the parity-conserving
counterparts, the causality bounds are of comparable strength and thus may play a more prominent
role in constraining strong gravity effects in upcoming observations.
Induced gravitational waves, metastable cosmic strings and primordial black holes in GUTs
Authors: Maji Rinku , Moursy Ahmad , Shafi Qaisar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore the cosmological and astrophysical implications of a realistic hybrid inflation model based on flipped SU(5). The model contains superheavy metastable cosmic strings arising from a waterfall field that encounters a limited number of e-foldings during the inflationary phase. In addition to the gravitational waves emitted by the metastable strings, there also appear scalar induced gravitational waves linked to the waterfall phase transition. These two independent sources of gravitational waves can yield a combined spectrum that is compatible with the recent PTA measurements, and with additional features that can be probed in future experiments. We also show the appearance of primordial black holes with mass on the order of 1029 g from the waterfall phase transition, and with an abundance that can be tested in the gravitational lensing experiments.
How simply one can considerably improve performance of the Gas Stripper at the GSI UNILAC
Authors: Varentsov Victor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this report, we propose a simple way how considerably
improve the performance of the gas stripper setup at the GSI
Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) in Germany. In our proposed
approach, we replace inside the main GSI stripper chamber the
current nozzle and the short windowless storage gas cell (for the
pulsed gas jet operation mode) with a simple conical diverging
nozzle combined with a gas catcher tube placed on the gas jet axis
at some distance downstream from the nozzle exit. As a result, the
background pressure in the main and differentially pumped adjacent
vacuum chambers of the gas stripper at the GSI UNILAC dramatically
reduces, making it possible to achieve the required optimal
thickness of the gas targets. The pulsed gas stripper operation is
realized by implementing a commercially available fast gas valve
connected to the nozzle entrance. Moreover, the ion beam pulse
repetition rate can be increased, allowing for a considerably higher
average intensity of the ion beams extracted from the GSI UNILAC. We
explored the performance of the proposed GSI UNILAC gas stripper
modification by means of detailed computer experiments, which
provide a realistic description of supersonic gas jets flowing out
of the nozzle into the vacuum. The results of these computer
experiments have presented and discussed.
Sustainable and equitable development through SEZ in Indonesia
Authors: Affandi R A , Suwarno  , Purnama I F , Noor M M M , Permana A , Kembaren E E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and their impact on regional economic growth in Indonesia. This study contributed to finding the most effective development strategies based on policies and governance for sustainable and equitable development. We argued that further research is necessary to evaluate regional development in Indonesia toward implementing SEZs in terms of the economic and sociopolitical environment. Indonesian SEZs lack a systematic approach to stakeholder management and economic distribution. Therefore, this study emphasized the importance of Indonesian SEZs in fiscal capacity, regional income distribution, and economic growth, which aligned with Sustainable Development Goal Number 8. SEZ development requires careful planning, stakeholder management, and strategic implementation to ensure benefits in all SEZ domains. This study used qualitative methods with data from reputable preview studies, articles, journals, books, and news.
Circular economy and sustainable manufacturing: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Purwanto E , Iskandar Y , Mala C M F , Dewi C S , Windarko  
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study conducts a detailed bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on circular economy and sustainable manufacturing. Using data from the Scopus database, 9,946 publications on “Circular Economy” and 212 publications on both “Circular Economy” and “Sustainable Manufacturing” were identified. The analysis with VOSviewer spanned publication trends from 2006 to July 2024. Key platforms for publication included Sustainability Switzerland, known for its multidisciplinary approach to sustainability challenges, and Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering and Procedia CIRP, which were prominent for their contributions to sustainable manufacturing and engineering innovations. These platforms played a pivotal role in disseminating cutting-edge research at the intersection of sustainability and engineering. The study highlighted top-cited works and leading contributors, mainly from India, Italy, and the United Kingdom. A co-occurrence analysis of author keywords identified seven thematic clusters: Sustainable Manufacturing Practices, Sustainable Economic and Environmental Practices, Green and Efficient Manufacturing Processes, Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Decision-Making, Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Development, Advanced Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies, and Closed-Loop Manufacturing and Product Design. These findings offered critical insights into emerging research trends and served as a foundational reference for future research and policy-making aimed at promoting sustainability in manufacturing.
Evaluation of stunting handling policies through local economic empowerment programs
Authors: Firmadi S , Syahdani M A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate policies for handling stunting through local economic empowerment programs. Tasikmalaya City was identified as the poorest area in West Java Province, according to 2021 Central Statistics Agency data. One of the impacts of poverty was that it caused relatively high cases of stunting due to unmet nutritional needs. Community economic empowerment could increase income so people could meet their families’ nutritional needs to prevent stunting. This research briefly explained whether the local economic empowerment program could increase community income to address stunting. This research used a qualitative research method, with data obtained through interviews and literature reviews from sources such as journals, articles, news, and reports from government institutions. Respondents in this research were selected through a purposive sampling method, specifically individuals who were directly involved in the empowerment program. The research results showed that the stunting handling policy through the local economic empowerment program could increase community income from 50 thousand rupiahs per day to 2 million rupiahs per month but had not been able to address stunting in Tasikmalaya City. There had been an increase in the stunting rate to 11.78% in 2024 compared to 2023, which was only 10.75%. Several obstacles included rising prices of necessities and other living costs, meaning the difference in money that people received from increased income was not directly spent on food to meet nutritional intake. Furthermore, the program was not evenly distributed through economic empowerment, and finally, the implementation of local economic empowerment programs was not on target because they had not been executed in areas with the highest number of stunting cases.
Analysis of human resource management in building a sustainable competitive advantage of the herbal medicine industry
Authors: Kuswinarno M , Afifah Z , Listiana Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Jamu is a traditional herbal drink from Indonesia, and Madura is known for its high-quality herbal products. Madura’s herbal products are recognized for their effectiveness both regionally and internationally. One of Madura’s most significant obstacles to developing the herbal industry is the lack of Government role in training and assisting herbal industry actors and resources. Therefore, the research objective of this study was to analyze the management of human resources in building the competitive advantage of the Madurese herbal industry, especially in the Pamekasan area, which was the most extensive herbal medicine-producing area. This research used a systematic literature review to identify, study, evaluate, and interpret a phenomenon. The process for this research was based on five steps: selecting, reviewing, and quality assessment of the reviewed literature. The results showed that the management of human resources in the Madurese herbal industry has begun to form through associations, and there were developments in the innovation of herbal products. Furthermore, several strategies can be applied to create a competitive advantage, including increasing promotion and market share, human resources through training and mentoring, legality and licensing, packaging and product innovation, technology use, and expanding cooperation partners.
Ross and the Foundations of Morality
Authors: Cullity Garrett 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rossian pluralism can be defined as the conjunction of two claims: there is more than one derivationally foundational right-maker, and there is no further principle governing the contributions they make to determining the overall rightness of an act. So understood, Ross’s own moral theory is only one possible version of Rossian pluralism. Six distinctive features of his version are its self-containment, its subsumptive picture of how the surface content of morality derives from its foundations, its hybrid view of the relation between the right and the good, the kinds of consideration it treats as foundational, its balancing view of how competing moral considerations interact, and its treatment of those considerations as being captured by exceptionless contributory moral principles. Examining these features, I point out some of the problems they invite, and explore some of the further possibilities that are open to a Rossian pluralist in dealing with those problems.