bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered Time Use and its Heterogeneities:The Role of Region, Religion and Caste
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Datta Ashokankur 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Is female labour force participation a good proxy for gendered time use? How do geography and the social institutions of caste and religion interact with the gendered distributionof time within Indian households? In this study, we use gender distance metrics, inspired by distance measures between vectors, to measure and document the extent to which time allocation within households is gendered. Importantly, we find that the relationship between gender distance and labour force participation is not monotonic and the linear relationship between the two is not statistically strong. Furthermore, we show that the relationship of caste, religion and region with gendered time use metrics is distinct from their relationship with employment. In contrast to popular hypotheses which suggest North Indian, Muslim,and Upper Caste households are more gender unequal, interestingly we only find robust confirmation for the hypothesis related to Islam in our regression framework. To further estimate the direct contribution of caste and religion in explaining the gendered time use gap betweengroups (as distinct from the contribution of differential distribution of covariates between groups), we supplement our regression results with Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) decomposition and Dinardo-Fortin-Lemeieux (1996) decomposition. These analyses confirm that caste and religion have complex and unexpected heterogeneous effects on the intensity of gendered timeuse.
JEL Codes: J16, J21, J22, Z12, Z13
Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance profile and management of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae among mothers with suspected sepsis in Ethiopia
Authors: Gadisa Eshetu , Egyir Beverly , Adu Bright , Ahmed Hawawu , Disasa Guta , Tessema Tesfaye Sisay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Early detection and proper management of maternal sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae can significantly reduce severe complications and maternal mortality. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance profile, and management of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae among sepsis-suspected maternal cases in Ethiopia.
Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in five tertiary hospitals from June 2021 to December 2023. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were carried out following standard microbiological procedures as stated on the CLSI guidelines. Data on socio-demographics, risk factors, and management strategies were collected with structured questionnaires. Associations between variables were determined using logistic regression analysis in STATA-21. A p-value of < 0.05 was statistically significant.
Results
Of the 5613 total women suspected of having maternal sepsis, 609 (10.8%) were found to be infected with K. pneumoniae. Among them, 31.5% of K. pneumoniae isolates produced carbapenemase, while 93.0% were ESBL-producing strains. 93.9% of the strains were MDR, 24.3% were XDR, and 10.9% were PDR strains. 100% isolates were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins. However, they exhibited susceptibility to amikacin (83.6%), tigecycline (70.9%), and carbapenem (68.5%). Combined therapy using carbapenem with either amikacin or tigecycline, has shown positive outcomes against carbapenem-resistant strains. Regarding sepsis risk factors, septic abortion[AOR = 5.3;95%CI:2.2–14.4]; extended hospitalization[AOR = 3.7; 95%CI: 1.6–19.4]; dilatation and curettage[AOR = 2.2;95%CI:1.3–13.4]; caesarean wound infection [AOR = 4.1,95%CI:2.0–9.2]; indwelling catheterization[AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4–6.2]; ICU admission[AOR = 4.3;95%CI:2.4–11.2]; post abortion[AOR = 9.8,95%CI:5.7–16.3]; and recurrent UTI[AOR = 3.3, 95%CI: 1.6–13.2] were significantly associated with maternal sepsis caused by K. pneumoniae.
Conclusions
Maternal sepsis caused by carbapenemase-/ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae leads to severe maternal morbidity that may result in disability or mortality. Therefore, improving awareness, early diagnosis, person-centered care, IPC measures, integrated surveillance, and efficient antimicrobial stewardship are crucial for preventing maternal sepsis.
Cost effectiveness and decision analysis for national airport screening options to reduce risk of COVID-19 introduction in Uganda, 2020
Authors: Amanya Geofrey , Migisha Richard , Kadobera Daniel , Ario Alex Riolexus , Washington Michael L. , Harris Julie R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Early during the COVID-19 outbreak, various approaches were utilized to prevent COVID-19 introductions from incoming airport travellers. However, the costs and effectiveness of airport-specific interventions have not been evaluated.
Methods
We evaluated policy options for COVID-19-specific interventions at Entebbe International Airport for costs and impact on COVID-19 case counts, we took the government payer perspective. Policy options included; (1) no screening, testing, or mandatory quarantine for any incoming traveller; (2) mandatory symptom screening for all incoming travellers with RT-PCR testing only for the symptomatic and isolation of positives; and (3) mandatory 14-day quarantine and one-time testing for all, with 10-day isolation of persons testing positive. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in US$ per additional case averted.
Results
Expected costs per incoming traveller were $0 (Option 1), $19 (Option 2), and $766 (Option 3). ICERs per case averted were $257 for Option 2 (which averted 4,948 cases), and $10,139 for Option 3 (which averted 5,097 cases) compared with Option I. Two-week costs were $0 for Option 1, $1,271,431 Option 2, and $51,684,999 Option 3. The per-case ICER decreased with increase in prevalence. The cost-effectiveness of our interventions was modestly sensitive to the prevalence of COVID-19, diagnostic test sensitivity, and testing costs.
Conclusion
Screening all incoming travellers, testing symptomatic persons, and isolating positives (Option 2) was the most cost-effective option. A higher COVID-19 prevalence among incoming travellers increased cost-effectiveness of airport-specific interventions. This model could be used to evaluate prevention options at the airport for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases with similar requirements for control.
The expansion of an invasive malaria vector: Anopheles stephensi detection in Arba Minch town in the southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Massebo Fekadu , Ashine Temesgen , Negash Nigatu , Eligo Nigatu , Hailemeskel Elifaged , Minda Thomas , Lindtjørn Bernt , Gadisa Endalamaw 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Urban areas are seeing a significant increase in malaria cases, and the establishment of an “exotic” urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, is increasing the risk of urban malaria emergence. Immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using the standard dipping technique from artificial breeding habitats and reared to adults. Adults aged 2–3 days were identified to species level using a morphological key and confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. The species distribution map was produced using the geographic coordinates of the breeding habitats. A total of 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) in 21 locations in the town were visited to survey for container breeding Anopheles mosquitoes. Of the examined containers, 88% (67/76) had at least one Anopheles larva. Out of the emerged adults from immature stages, 32 were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, of which 26 (81%) were confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of the region's largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will add to the continuing efforts to understand the bionomic and the role of An. stephensi in malaria transmission that will help develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia.
Asymptomatic placental cord blood malaria in pregnant women attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital: A cross sectional study
Authors: Njiwale Mungwi Synthia , Eyong Ebanga Echi Joan , Ebai Calvin Bisson , Seino Richard Akwanjoh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Malaria in pregnancy has been a major health problem of humans through history and is a leading cause of preterm births, miscarriages, stillbirths and death. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria in placental cord blood and the risk factors associated with it at the Regional Hospital Bamenda, Cameroon. Two hundred and fifty-eight samples were collected from the placental cord using a sterile syringe. Slides were prepared, stained using Giemsa (10%) and observed under the microscope. Risks factors were assessed via questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 21. Chi square test was used to test for differences in proportions in different categories and regression analysis was also used to get the relationship between prevalence and risk factors in this study. The overall prevalence of placental cord blood malaria was 3.9% (10) and the disease was more prevalent among parturients in the age group 21–30 years 2.71% (7) than those of the age group 41–50 years who recorded zero prevalence. Parturients with secondary and tertiary level of education had the highest prevalence 5(1.94%) and those with less than 3 children recorded the highest prevalence 2.71% (7) compared to those with more than 3 children 1.16% (3). The Plasmodium species identified were Plasmodium falciparum (3.5%) and Plasmodium malariae (0.4%). The risk factors that predisposed the parturients in this study included; not sleeping under mosquito nets, living by streams, those with bushes around the house and those who did not take their anti-malaria drugs effectively. Malaria parasites were prevalent in the placental cord blood which means pregnant women are not free from this infection and it merits extra preventive and treatment measures.
The prognostic role of cigarette smoking in oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer survival
Authors: Christensen Connor , Tremblay Julien , Baral Amrit , Pinheiro Paulo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The association between smoking and oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) is well-documented. However, the role of smoking as a potential prognostic factor for OPC mortality remains unclear. In this population-based study, we analyze cancer-specific survival (CSS) outcomes among OPC patients by smoking status at diagnosis in the diverse state of Florida.
Methods
All primary OPC cases with known smoking status (N = 38,990) from the Florida Cancer Registry Data that were diagnosed between 2005–2018 were analyzed. Cox proportional regression was conducted to assess the variables effecting OPC survival, including age, race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, cancer stage, cancer location (oropharynx, tongue, tonsil, etc.), and treatment received with special focus given to smoking status (current, former, and never smoker).
Results
Of all OPC cases, less than a third (29.6%) occurred among never smokers. Ever smokers accounted for 70.4% of total cases but 77.7% of all OPC deaths. In a multivariable analysis, former and current smokers had 26% and 79% increased risk of OPC death respectively. This was after adjusting for potential confounders and when compared to never smokers (HR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.21–1.31; HR: 1.79 95%CI: 1.72–1.86). When solely comparing current to former smokers in a multivariable analysis, current smokers were found to be 40% more like to die from OPC (HR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.36–1.46).
Conclusion
Smoking was independently associated with increased risk of OPC mortality. Survival disparities by race/ethnicity, SES as well as insurance status still exist among OPC patients in Florida. Medical providers should promote and facilitate patient participation in cigarette smoking cessation programs targeting current smokers.
Differences in the gut microbiota and plasma metabolome of major depressive disorder patients with and without ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Huiru , Lyu Dongsheng , Zhang Xingguang , Cao Ning 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and ischemic stroke (IS) are prominent contributors to disease burden worldwide, and MDD has been recognized as a significant risk factor for IS in epidemiology studies; however, the specific mechanisms that explain the coexistence of MDD and IS have not been identified. Multiple studies have shown a strong association between the gut microbiota and both IS and MDD. We propose that the gut microbiota may play a role in the development of IS in individuals with MDD. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota and increased risk of IS development in patients with MDD.
Methods
We included 30 hospitalized individuals diagnosed with MDD with IS and 30 individuals diagnosed with MDD without IS using the matching method and used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the nontarget metabolome to analyze the gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolic profiles of the included patients.
Results
MDD patients with IS and MDD patients without IS have different gut microbiota structures and plasma metabolic profiles. MDD patients with IS had more bacteria with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures and lacked bacteria that produce butyrate. Alloprevotella and Bacteroides massiliensis, along with their associated metabolites, facilitated precise differentiation between patients with and without IS. The area under the curve (AUC) for these bacteria was 0.998 (95% confidence interval: 0.992-1.000) and 0.992 (95% confidence interval: 0.978-1.000).
Conclusions
Compared with MDD patients without IS, patients with MDD who also had IS exhibited distinct changes in their gut microbiome and metabolite profiles. Changes in the gut microbiome are evident by an elevated abundance of bacteria with LPS structures and a reduced abundance of bacteria that produce butyrate. Additionally, the abundances of Alloprevotella and Bacteroides massiliensis, along with their related metabolites, strongly predict IS in patients with MDD.
Matching provides efficient decisions
Authors: Kubanek Jan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
How humans and animals distribute their behavior across choice options has been of key interest to economics, psychology, ecology, and related fields. Neoclassical and behavioral economics have provided prescriptions for how decision-makers can maximize their reward or utility, but these formalisms are used by decision-makers rarely. Instead, individuals allocate their behavior in proportion to the worth of their options, a phenomenon captured by the generalized matching law. Why biological decision-makers adopt this strategy has been unclear. To provide insight into this issue, this article evaluates the performance of matching across a broad spectrum of decision situations, using simulations. Matching is found to attain a high or near-optimal gain, and the strategy achieves this level of performance following a single evaluation of the decision options. Thus, matching provides highly efficient decisions across a wide range of choice environments. This result offers a quantitative explanation for the broad adoption of matching by biological decision-makers.
Fluorescence-guidance using near-infrared fluorescent clips in robotic rectal surgery: a case series
Authors: Narihiro Satoshi , Nakashima Syunsuke , Kazi Mutsumi , Kumamoto Tomotaka , Kitagawa Kazuo , Toya Naoki , Eto Ken 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tattoo markings are often used as preoperative markers for colorectal cancer. However, scattered ink markings adversely affects tumor site recognition intraoperatively; therefore, interventions for rectal cancer may lead to an inaccurate distal resection margin (DRM) and incomplete total mesorectal excision (TME). This is the first case series of fluorescence-guided robotic rectal surgery in which near-infrared fluorescence clips (NIRFCs) were used to localize rectal cancer lesions. Twenty consecutive patients who underwent robotic surgery for rectal cancer between December 2022 and December 2023 were enrolled in the study. The primary endpoints of this study were the rate of intraoperative clip detection and its usefulness for marking the tumor site. Secondary endpoints were oncological assessments, including DRM and the number of lymph nodes. Clip locations were confirmed in 17 of 20 (85%) cases. There were seven (35%) cases with preoperative CRT and, of these, the detection of NIRFC was affected in 3 cases. No adverse events, including bleeding or perforation, were observed at the time of clipping, and no clippings were lost. The median DRM was 55 mm (range, 22–86 mm) for Rs, 33 mm (range, 16–60 mm) for Ra, and 20 mm (range, 17–30 mm) for Rb. The median number of lymph nodes was 13 (range, 10–21 mm). The rate of intraoperative clip detection, oncological assessment, including DRM, and the number of lymph nodes indicate that fluorescence-guided methods using NIRFCs are feasible for rectal cancer.
Design, development, and deployment of a sensor-based aquaculture automation system
Authors: R Sasikumar , L Lourdu Lincy , Sathyan Anish , P Chellapandi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aquaculture automation system (AcAS) is a user-friendly single-window unit. This allows end users to easily monitor and control the entire system through a built-in, customizable graphical user interface. AcAS was designed for simplicity, making it easy to configure and use. This system was integrated with highly efficient industrial-grade environmental sensors (pH, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen) to ensure precise and error-free results in harsh environments. It can also store the user and system data in an attached memory device. It is equipped with built-in Wi-Fi, LoRa/ZigBee, and 4G/5G modules for data transfer, making it compatible with modern communication technology. It was programmed to be farmer-friendly and helped farmers maintain optimal shrimp growth conditions by monitoring various parameters. AcAS takes corrective measures as required, and provides updates to farmers through a graphical display unit. Additionally, farmers can configure devices to receive alerts regarding important field parameters or alarm conditions. Therefore, AcAS enhances the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture farming by enabling precise control of farming conditions and proactive management of aquaculture.
Trillin-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathways through Upregulation of miR-145-5p Targeting MAP3K11 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Peng Yulin , Hao Wenjun , Gao Xiang , Liang Peng , Zhao Haolin , Wang Ying , Wang Liang , Yu Zhenlong , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, driving the need for innovative therapeutic avenues. Despite preliminary evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of the natural compound Trillin, its effectiveness against castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has yet to be fully explored.
Methods
This study evaluated the anti-cancer efficacy of Trillin in CRPC cell lines DU145 and PC3 through a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Assessments included cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses, alongside Western blot, qRT-PCR, confocal immunofluorescence, and dual luciferase assays to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Trillin's action. Additionally, an in vivo CRPC xenograft model in NYG immunodeficient mice was used to assess therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
Results
Trillin treatment significantly reduced CRPC cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Mechanistically, Trillin downregulated key proteins involved in the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway, inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits, and decreased COX-2 promoter activity. It also upregulated miR-145-5p, targeting MAP3K11, which is implicated in CRPC progression. In vivo, Trillin markedly suppressed tumor growth without observable toxicity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that Trillin significantly inhibits the growth and metastatic capabilities of CRPC cells, both in vitro and in vivo, through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and suppression of the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. By modulating miR-145-5p and targeting MAP3K11, Trillin presents a promising therapeutic strategy for CRPC, warranting further clinical investigation.
Use of low-cost drones to map arbovirus vector habitats with multispectral aerial imagery
Authors: Hoang Pham Viet , Linh Ngo Phuc , Long Bui Ngoc , Hien Vo Bich , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P. , Khanh Tran Duc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
This article introduces WaterMAI, a novel multispectral aerial imagery dataset that is optimized for detecting small to medium water bodies and is essential for mapping arbovirus vector habitats. While satellite datasets provide broad coverage and are valuable in many contexts, WaterMAI concentrates on utilizing high-resolution aerial imagery. This approach is suitable for capturing detailed information about water bodies, which may contain vectors for arboviruses.
Materials and methods
We benchmarked baseline deep learning algorithms on our WaterMAI dataset for water body detection, employing both bounding box and segmentation approaches, establishing new baselines for this domain. Furthermore, we extensively investigate the effectiveness of various spectral band combinations, including Near-infrared (NIR), Red, Green, Blue (RGB), and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), to determine the potential configuration for accurate water body detection.
Results
The WaterMAI dataset, covering 16 rural and sub-tropical regions with varied water bodies, increases the utility of research through multiple spectral bands, including visible and near-infrared. The findings demonstrate the potential of multispectral imagery that shall enhance the understanding and monitoring of water bodies in rural and subtropical regions. The WaterMAI dataset, orthomosaic images, and the implementation of the segmentation models for benchmarking are available in GitHub database.
Conclusion
Our result suggests incorporating NDWI and NIR spectral bands with RGB images potentially improves the water body detection algorithm.