bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international survey of unrelated umbilical cord blood banking
Authors: Stanworth S. , Warwick R. , Fehily D. , Persaud C. , Armitage S. , Navarrete C. , Contreras M. 
Published: March 2003

ObjectivesTo investigate operational and technical practices within the field of cord blood banking.Materials and MethodsCord blood banks world‐wide were invited to participate in a survey of collection, processing and testing. The survey covered a 12‐month period up to August 1998.ResultsReplies were received from 18 cord blood banks. Analysis of the survey responses demonstrated wide variations in many aspects of cord blood banking.ConclusionThere is a need for standardization to ensure adoption of best practice.
Granulocyte transfusion: a review
Authors: Yeghen T. , Devereux S. 
Published: March 2003

Neutrophils are the body’s main defence against invasion by bacteria and fungi and, below a level of 1 × 109/l, there is a direct relationship between their circulating number and the risk of systemic infection. Despite advances in supportive care, such as improved broad‐spectrum antibiotics and the haemopoietic growth factors, neutropenia following myelosuppressive chemotherapy for malignant disease remains the most important cause of treatment‐related morbidity and mortality and its most important dose‐limiting toxicity. Although there is clear theoretical, experimental and anecdotal clinical evidence supporting the use of transfused granulocytes to prevent and treat infection in neutropenia, early attempts at exploiting this clinically were unsuccessful, mainly because of difficulties in collecting a sufficient number of cells. Improvements in the technology of collection, including the use of red cell sedimenting agents, glucocorticoids and, more recently, granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor, now allow granulocyte doses within the therapeutic range to be routinely collected. Preliminary evidence suggests clinical efficacy. However, well‐designed trials with clinically relevant end‐points will be required before granulocyte transfusion can become part of routine clinical practice.
Parvovirus B19 DNA in plasma pools and plasma derivatives
Authors: Schmidt I. , Blümel J. , Seitz H. , Willkommen H. , Löwer J. 
Published: March 2003

Background and ObjectivesHuman parvovirus B19 (B19) has been transmitted by various plasma‐derived medicinal products. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the level of B19 DNA contamination in plasma pools destined for fractionation and in a broad range of plasma derivatives. In addition, removal of B19 DNA by the manufacturing process was investigated in cases where corresponding samples from plasma pool and product were available.Materials and MethodsPlasma pool samples and blood products were tested for B19 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the viral DNA content was determined by TaqMan™ quantitative PCR.ResultsTwo‐hundred and twenty two of 372 plasma pools for fractionation contained B19 DNA at concentrations of 102–108 genome equivalents/ml (geq/ml). While ≈ 65% of the DNA‐positive plasma pools were only moderately contaminated (< 105 geq/ml), 35% contained > 106 geq/ml. High frequencies of contamination were detected in Factor VIII (79 of 91), prothrombin complex concentrates (38 of 43) and Factor IX (41 of 62), where the concentration of B19 DNA ranged between 102 and 107 geq/ml. A lower level of B19 DNA contamination was found in antithrombin III (five of 26 samples), in anti‐D immunoglobulins (three of 37 samples) and in albumin (four of 51 samples), with levels ranging between 102 and 103 geq/ml. Furthermore, investigation of plasma pools for solvent/detergent plasma (S/D plasma), from two manufacturers, revealed B19 DNA in 15 of 66 batches at concentrations of 102–108 geq/ml. Similar concentrations were detected in the corresponding final S/D plasma products. Anti‐B19 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was found in plasma pools and S/D plasma at concentrations of ≈ 40 IU/ml.ConclusionAlthough positive PCR results do not necessarily reflect infectivity, these data show that B19 is a common contaminant in plasma pools and in plasma‐derived medicinal products. Considering the resistance of animal parvoviruses to inactivation by heat and chemical agents, and the absence of specific information for B19, the risk of B19 transmission by plasma products should be considered. Physicians should be aware of this problem when treating patients of B19‐related risk groups. The plasma fractionation industry should continue their efforts to avoid B19 contamination of plasma derivatives and develop methods which are effective in removing/inactivating parvovirus B19.
Immunological characterization of anti‐Mia, a red blood cell alloantibody, in Taiwan
Authors: Lo S.‐C. , Chang J.‐S. , Lin S. W.‐S. , Lin D.‐T. 
Published: March 2003

Background and Objectives The red blood cell Mi III phenotype is prevalent in Asia, and its corresponding alloantibody, anti‐Mia, has been reported to cause haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the newborn. However, a complete picture of the immunological characteristics of anti‐Mia is still lacking. We therefore conducted a systematic study to evaluate the potential clinical significance of this antibody.Materials and Methods From April 1999 to March 2000, we identified 60 sera containing anti‐Mia among pretransfusion samples at a teaching hospital in Taiwan. These antibodies were tested for immunoglobulin class, thermal range and activity in a monocyte monolayer assay.Results Thirty‐four (57%) of the antibodies were immunoglobulin M (IgM), and 15 retained their activity at 37 °C. Of those that were immunoglobulin G (IgG), 96% were of subclasses IgG1 and/or IgG3. Monocyte monolayer assay studies showed that 69% (18/26) of the IgG anti‐Mia sera were reactive.Conclusions Our study justifies the implementation of anti‐Mia screening in Taiwan.
The recognition and treatment of the intermediate syndrome of organophosphate poisoning in a dog
Authors: Hopper Kate , Aldrich Janet , Haskins Steve C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjective:To discuss a new clinical presentation of organophosphate toxicity called the intermediate syndrome in a dog.Case summary:A mixed breed dog presented with generalized weakness, hypoventilation and hypoxemia. The weakness was most marked in the thoracic limbs, cervical and respiratory muscles. The history revealed a likely exposure to an organophosphate compound. The other dog in the household demonstrated mild clinical signs of organophosphate toxicity. A blood cholinesterase level was markedly reduced. Therapy included placement of a tracheostomy tube and mechanical ventilation. The dog gradually improved over the following 8 days but had persistent cervical ventroflexion for a total of 4 weeks.New or unique information provided:Organophosphate toxicity can present as a paralysis following the acute cholinergic crisis. The muscular weakness predominantly affects the thoracic limb and neck muscles but cranial nerve deficits can also occur. Dogs can die from the associated respiratory depression. Oxime therapy is indicated in the treatment of this syndrome.
Nutrient–drug interactions in nutritional support
Authors: Michel Kathryn E. , Higgins Charlotte 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective: To review the types and potential consequences of diet/nutrient–drug interactions that can occur in patients receiving nutritional support.Data sources: A literature review was performed using Ovid multi‐database searching including Medline, Agricola and Biosis.Summary: Although very little information is currently available that pertains specifically to veterinary patients, we know from the human experience that food intake and diet composition can affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, efficacy and toxicity of a drug. Conversely, certain drugs can alter the absorption of nutrients when administered in conjunction with food or act to antagonize nutrient metabolism or function. The different ways that incompatibility can arise between food or nutrients and drugs in patients receiving nutritional support and strategies for avoiding these problems are discussed.Conclusions: The consequences of diet/nutrient–drug interactions include decreased tolerance of nutritional support, loss of feeding access, decreased drug efficacy, nutrient malabsorption or malassimilation, and risk of drug overdosage. Therefore, when patients receiving nutritional support experience these types of complications, a review of the diet, route of nutritional support, drugs, and timing of feeding and medication administration are indicated.
Intercropping of Corn with Soybean and Lupin for Silage: Effect of Seeding Date on Yield and Quality
Authors: Prithiviraj B. , Carruthers K. , Fe Q. , Cloutier D. , Martin R. C. , Smith D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIntercropping of corn with legumes is an alternative to corn monocropping and has a number of advantages, for example, lower levels of inputs, lower costs of production and better silage quality than the monocrop system. An experiment was carried out at two sites in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the effects of seeding date (simultaneous with corn or 3 weeks later) and number of rows of large‐seeded legumes (one or two) seeded between the corn rows. The intercrop plots received 90 kg ha−1 less nitrogen fertilizer than the monocrop plots, which received 180 kg ha−1. Silage yields were sometimes decreased by the simultaneous seeding of corn and large‐seeded legumes. Protein content and concentration were not affected by most treatments and provided reasonable quality silage, despite a reduction in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used.
Chemical Properties of Eroded Soil Material
Authors: Kisic I. , Basic F. , Nestroy O. , Mesic M. , Butorac A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn a 5‐year stationary investigation at an experimental station in central Croatia, total amounts of erosional drift were measured on a Stagnic Luvisol on which six tillage methods were used. The chemical properties of the tilled soil and the erosional drift were recorded for each trial method in the same plots. A generally higher soil reaction value, higher organic matter content and larger amounts of available phosphorus and potassium were found in the majority of erosional drifts compared to plot soil. On black fallow, erosional drifts contained significantly larger amounts of organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium than in other treatments. Higher contents of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium were recorded in erosional drifts from spring crop cultivation than in those from cultivation of winter wheat, oil‐seed rape and a consociation of summer barley and soybean. Also, higher losses of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium by erosional drift were recorded for the up/down the slope tillage methods than for no‐tillage and tillage across the slope. This suggests that no‐tillage and tillage across the slope can be recommended for this region, since these tillage methods conserve the soil and substantially reduce water pollution by chemical agents applied in agricultural production.
Changes in heterosis under within‐line selection or reciprocal recurrent selection: an experiment on early egg production in Japanese quail
Authors: Minvielle By F. , Monvoisin J. ‐L. , Costa J. , Frenot A. , Maeda Y. 
Published: March 2003

IntroductionIn much animal production, commercial animals are crossbreds from closed lines or breeds under long‐term directional selection. Therefore it is desirable to be able to predict heterosis gains over the generations as it is done for genetic progress under within‐line selection. However, heterosis is the phenotypic expression of a complex phenomenon which may involve several types of genetic effects like dominance and epistasis. In animal breeding, basic quantitative genetics theory indicates that heterosis should be proportional to (squared) differences in gene frequency between populations (e.g. F alconer and M
acK
ay 1996), and it has been found approximately correct, so it is commonly used for planning crosses. Under that type of heterosis, however, selection towards the same objective in two populations should bring gene frequencies closer, and therefore it should eventually decrease heterosis. On the other hand, reciprocal recurrent selection designed to increase genetic distance between lines should eventually achieve maximum heterosis (O
llivier 1982). Some experiments reviewed by
brun (1982) have already compared genetic progress under within‐line and reciprocal recurrent selection, but they did not focus on comparing the trend of heterosis with generations between the two selection methods. Also, heterosis was monitored periodically in some selection experiments on poultry, and results were reviewed by F
airfull (1990). They were somewhat contradictory, but they generally failed to relate genetic progress to loss of heterosis under within‐line selection. Moreover, in commercial production, as purebreds and crossbreds are not contemporaries and are generally maintained under very different management systems, estimations of heterosis and of the evolution of crossbred advantage over the generations may be difficult to obtain.Using the Japanese quail as an experimental animal, the present work was initiated specifically to follow the changes in heterosis brought about by selection for a single heterotic trait, early egg production (M invielleet al. 1995). For that purpose, two selection methods expected to have opposite effects on heterosis, directional within‐line (or individual) selection and reciprocal recurrent selection, were applied for 13 generations in four quail lines started from two different origins, and trends of heterosis in the selected character and in weight and egg traits were evaluated.
Heritability of the Varroa‐specific hygienic behaviour in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Boecking O. , Bienefeld K. , Drescher W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe hygienic behaviour of the honey bees is considered to be a potential characteristic associated with resistance to Varroa destructor n.sp. In this study the heritability of the hygienic behaviour of Apis mellifera L. bees was estimated on the basis of the mother–daughter regression. Data were obtained from measurements of the bees' hygienic behaviour towards V. destructor‐infested cells and towards pin‐killed sealed brood. The heritability for the hygienic behaviour towards V. destructor‐infested brood cells was h2 = 0.18 (± 0.27) and h2 = 0.36 (± 0.30) for the hygienic behaviour towards dead brood cells. The repeatability was likewise higher for the pin‐killed brood assay (W = 0.46) compared with the assay using living mites‐infested brood cells (W = 0.24). The genetic correlation between the behavioural responses to either the mite‐infested or pin‐killed brood cells was calculated to be rg = 0.61 (± 0.51) and the phenotypic correlation to be rp = 0.11 (p = 0.28, n = 100). Since hygienic colonies demonstrate resistance to brood diseases such as American foulbrood and chalkbrood, it may be worthwhile to intensify the expression of the hygienic behaviour through selective breeding and thus strengthen these potential characteristics associated with resistance to V. destructor in honey bee stock.
Simultaneous genotyping to detect myostatin gene polymorphism in beef cattle breeds
Authors: Miranda M. E. , Amigues Y. , Boscher M. Y. , Ménissier F. , Cortés O. , Dunner S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe myostatin gene codes for a growth factor involved in muscle development, and polymorphism in this gene can have important economic consequences. Nine mutations affecting the amino‐acidic sequence have already been described, six of which are disruptive, inactivating the protein and causing bovine muscular hypertrophy. As the number of known mutations grows, it is necessary to develop a simple, routinely usable technique able to screen individuals in all populations. The oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) is proposed here for the rapid genotyping of the nine mutations known affecting the coding sequence in the main breeds of beef cattle. This technique showed its ability to reveal the genotype of individuals being a good tool to determine the frequency of each mutation in a population. The procedure is very flexible as new mutations can be added and removed at any time. Depending on the genotype of each individual, the technique allows breeders to make quick decisions on matings and general selection tendencies.
Genetic background of behavioural and plasma cortisol response to repeated short‐term separation and tethering of beef calves
Authors: Gauly M. , Mathiak H. , Erhardt G. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this study the response to short‐term separation and tethering were tested individually 5, 19 and 33 days after birth in five progeny groups of German Angus and German Simmental and genetic parameters were estimated. Heritabilities (±SE) for different behavioural traits varied between 0.02 (±0.05) and 0.33 (±0.24) for German Angus and 0.0 and 0.29 (±0.12) for German Simmental. German Simmental and female calves moved significantly more on days 19 and 33 and were scored for fearful than German Angus and male calves. They also showed higher plasma cortisol levels at all tested ages. Behavioural and cortisol responses decreased with every test, indicating that the animals got used to the gentle handling procedure.
The inhibitory effect of a highly viscous carboxymethylcellulose on dietary fat digestibility in the growing chicken is dependent on the type of fat
Authors: Smits C. H. M. , Moughan P. J. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine whether there is an interaction between type of fat and lipid digestibility, for diets which induce an increased digesta viscosity. Pairs of semi‐synthetic diets were formulated which contained either tallow, soyabean oil or coconut oil as the main source of fat. To one diet of each pair, carboxymethylcelullose (CMC) was added. CMC is a soluble, viscous nonfermentable fibre. The fat fraction of the tallow diet comprised mainly C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1 fatty acids, whereas for the soyabean oil diet C18 : 1 and C18 : 2 fatty acids predominated and for the coconut oil diet C12 : 0 and C14 : 0 fatty acids were predominant. The diets were fed to broiler chickens (7–21 days of age) in a conventional digestibility study using chromium oxide as an indigestible marker. CMC significantly raised the viscosity of the liquid phase of the small intestinal digesta and increased the ratio of liquid to solids. CMC depressed apparent faecal lipid digestibility for chickens fed the tallow diet (76.1 versus 66.0% ) but not for the birds given the soyabean oil or coconut oil diets. The apparent digestibility of C16 : 0 was significantly depressed by CMC in the birds fed the tallow diet (62.7 versus 52.3% ) and the digestibility of C18 : 0 tended to be lower. There was no significant effect of CMC on the digestibility of C18 : 1 and C18 : 2 in the soyabean oil diet nor on the digestibility of C12 : 0 or C14 : 0 in the coconut oil diet. The effect of CMC‐induced digesta viscosity on lipid digestibility in chickens is dependent on the lipid source and its fatty acid composition.
Einfluß von alimentärem Zn‐Mangel auf die Stickstoffelimination und Enzymaktivitäten des Harnstoffzyklus
Authors: Roth Von H.‐P. 
Published: March 2003

Influence of alimentary zinc deficiency on nitrogen elimination and activities of urea cycle enzymes This study was conducted to investigate whether the hyperammonaemia shown in earlier zinc‐deficiency experiments was the result of disturbed enzyme activities of the urea cycle. For this study 36 male Sprague‐Dawley rats with an average body weight of 85 g were divided into three experimental groups of 12 animals each. Group 1 received the semisynthetic zinc‐deficient diet (AIN‐93G; 1.2 mg Zn/kg DM) ad libitum over 33 experimental days. Group 2 received the zinc‐sulphate‐supplemented control diet (60 mg Zn/kg DM) ad libitum and group 3 received the same diet matched to the feed intake of the zinc‐deficient rats. Alimentary zinc deficiency reduced the zinc concentration and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase in serum by 75 and 67%, respectively. The activity of the glutamate dehydrogenase and the concentrations of ammonia and urea in the serum of the zinc‐deficient rats showed no significant differences compared with pair‐fed control rats. On the other hand the hepatic activity of the mitochondrial localized glutamate dehydrogenase of the zinc‐deficient rats was significantly increased and the carbamoylphosphate synthetase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase were reduced about half in comparison with both control groups. The activities of the cytosolic liver enzymes such as argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase were again significantly increased in zinc‐deficient rats compared with both control groups. The increased hepatic activity of the glutamate dehydrogenase possibly led to an enhanced NH3 elimination in addition to urea synthesis. The typical reduction of feed intake in consequence of zinc deficiency is therefore not the cause of hyperammonaemia due to disturbed urea synthesis, as has been hypothesized in earlier studies.
Determination of Phytase activity in cereal grains by direct incubation
Authors: Zimmermann B. , Lantzsch H.‐J. , Langbein U. , Drochner W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn contrast to supplemented microbial phytases, considerably lower cereal phytase activities were found after application of an enzyme solution extracted in citrate/NaOH buffer (pH 5.5) for 1 h as compared with the direct incubation of the plant material. Differences between both methods obtained were 70% for wheat and spelt and 50% for barley and rye. The determination of phytase activity of a wheat sample by direct incubation was affected by the sample size and amount of substrate (Na‐phytate) added. Optimal conditions are a maximal level of phytase activity of ≤ 0.05 U incubated for 60 min in a buffered solution (citrate/NaOH, pH 5.5) with 10 ml of 32.6 mmol/l Na‐phytate at 37 ∘C. Possible reasons for the differences between both methods and for the factors affecting phytase activity by direct incubation are discussed.
Field releases of two genetic sexing strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in two isolated oases of Tozeur governorate, Tunisia
Authors: Cayol J. P. , Zaraï M. 
Published: March 2003

The recent development of medfly genetic sexing strains (GSS) enables only male adults to be produced and released for area‐wide control using the sterile insect technique (SIT). Before these strains can be incorporated into large operational field programmes, information is required on all aspects of field performance.In a pilot project in Tunisia, medfly pupae from GSS SEIB‐40 [based on a pupal colour mutation (wp) and VIENNA‐43/44 [based on a temperature sensitive lethal mutation (tsl) were shipped from the FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology laboratory (Seibersdorf, Austria) and the emerged sterile males released weekly from the ground in oases of the Tozeur Governorate from mid‐February until October 1994. During that period, flies emerging from an average of 5000 pupae per hactare were released weekly throughout 105 hectares. Transportation problems were encountered which resulted in damage to the pupae. Nevertheless, the monitoring of the wild population through a trapping network using Jackson and McPhail traps showed that both strains performed equally well inducing a three‐ to five‐fold decrease of the wild population compared with the control oasis (10 wild flies per Jackson trap per day in October in Ain‐El‐Karma, five in Tamerza and 30 in Bir Kastilia control oasis). Considering the economical and technical benefits inherent in the use of these new strains in the field and as a result of their good field performance, similar strains have been introduced into mass‐rearing facilities in Guatemala (1994), Argentina (1995) and Madeira (1996).