bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of polygenic score and cognitive function decline considering baseline cognitive function, lifestyle behaviors, and diabetes among middle-aged and older US adults
Authors: Liu Tingting , Li Changwei , Zhang Ruiyuan , Millender Eugenia Flores , Miao Hongyu , Ormsbee Michael , Guo Jinzhen , Westbrook Adrianna , Pan Yang , Wang Jing , Kelly Tanika N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Genomic study of cognition decline while considering baseline cognition and lifestyle behaviors is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a polygenic score for general cognition on cognition decline rate, while considering baseline cognition and lifestyle behaviors, among the general population and people with diabetes, a patient group commonly affected by cognition impairment.

Methods
We tested associations of the polygenic score for general cognition with annual changing rates of cognition measures in 8 years of follow-up among 12,090 White and 3100 Black participants of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 years and older in the USA. Cognition measures including word recall, mental status, and total cognitive score were measured biannually. To maximize sample size and length of follow-up, we treated the 2010 wave of survey as baseline, and follow-up data until 2018 were analyzed. Baseline lifestyle behaviors, APOE status, and measured cognition were sequentially adjusted. Given racial differences in polygenic score, all analyses were conducted by race.

Results
The polygenic score was significantly associated with annual changing rates of all cognition measures independent of lifestyle behaviors and APOE status. Together with age and sex, the polygenic score explained 29.9%, 15.9%, and 26.5% variances of annual changing rates of word recall, mental status, and total cognitive scores among Whites and explained 17.2%, 13.9%, and 18.7% variance of the three traits among Blacks. Among both White and Black participants, those in the top quartile of polygenic score had the three cognition measures increased annually, while those in the bottom quartile had the three cognition measures decreased annually. After further adjusting for the average cognition assessed in 3 visits around baseline, the polygenic score was still positively associated with annual changing rates of all cognition measures for White (P ≤ 2.89E − 19) but not for Black (P ≥ 0.07) participants. In addition, among participants with diabetes, physical activity offset the genetic susceptibility to decline of mental status (interaction P ≤ 0.01) and total cognitive scores (interaction P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Polygenic score predicted cognition changes in addition to measured cognition. Physical activity offset genetic risk for cognition decline among diabetes patients.
Switching backdrivability of a planetary gear by vibration: design parameter setting and excited force estimation
Authors: Noda Satsuya , Igari Ryo , Endo Kensuke , Yamanobe Kazushi , Takayama Toshio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSwitching backdrivability according to use status is important to attain energy-saving and compliance in co-worker robots. Authors have proposed switching backdrivability by exciting gear surface, eliminating the need for sensors while switching. We have confirmed that exciting 2K-H planetary gear can switch its backdrivability. To systematically design the switching backdrivable 2K-H planetary gear, this study reveals less back-drive condition and the required torque for a vibrator. In the less-backdrivable condition, the tooth number difference between the fixed and output gears is dominant. Furthermore, the required torque for the vibrator increases as the load of the output shaft and the vibration frequency increase. The experimental results of the less-backdrivable condition and the required torque for the vibrator are almost entirely consistent with simulation result of the mechanical model
Variation in parental experiences with their child’s hospitalization over the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kemp Kyle A. , Fairie Paul , Steele Brian , Santana Maria J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Hospitals and healthcare workers have been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential impacts upon the patient experience have been less documented, particularly in the pediatric setting. Our aim was to examine how parental experiences with their child’s hospitalization varied during the COVID-19 pandemic at two children’s hospitals in Alberta, Canada.

Methods
A random sample of parents were surveyed within six weeks of their child’s discharge from Alberta’s two children’s hospitals. Surveys were administered using the Alberta Pediatric Inpatient Experiences Survey (APIES) - a validated instrument used to assess parental experiences during their child’s hospitalization. Surveys were linked with administrative inpatient records. Three cohorts were created based on hospital discharge date: Pre-COVID (Pre: April 2019 to March 2020), COVID year one (C1: April 2020 to March 2021), and COVID year two (C2: April 2021 to March 2022). We examined 48 survey questions, including four overall rating scales. Survey responses were Likert scales. These were transformed to normalized scores from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Differences between cohorts were assessed using ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test.

Results
A total of 3,611 surveys (1,314 Pre; 997 C1; 1,300 C2) were completed over the three-year period. Five questions showed differences between the Pre and C1 periods, six showed differences between Pre and C2, and 13 showed differences between C1 and C2. Among these questions, scores pre-COVID were lower than COVID year one, while results in COVID year two were lower than pre-COVID and COVID year one. Thirty-one survey questions showed no statistical differences between the three time periods. For the overall ratings, only hospital rating showed a difference in any of the periods (91.4 C1 vs. 90.2 C2). Overall ratings of doctors, nurses, and recommendation of the hospital to others showed no differences.

Conclusion
This study showed that the experiences of parents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were mildly better or comparable to historical results. This changed over the following year, where lower scores were reported on 13 questions.
Accuracy of combined multi-parametric MRI and PSMA PET-CT in diagnosing localized prostate cancer: newer horizons for a biopsy-free pathway
Authors: Sharma Aditya Prakash , Kumar Rajender , Chauhan Rohit , Ziauddin Shiraz Akif , Singh Shanky , Singh Harmandeep , Devana Sudheer Kumar , Gorsi Ujjwal , Bora Girdhar Singh , Mavuduru Ravimohan S. , Kumar Santosh , Mete Uttam K. , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a reliable biomarker for identification of prostate cancer, although a biopsy is still the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer. Similar to higher PIRADS lesions on MRI, the maximal standard uptake value (SUV max) on PSMA PET is linked to a higher likelihood of prostate cancer. Can an mpMRI in conjunction with PSMA PET Scan accurately predict prostate cancer and further trigger omission of biopsy similar to other solid organ urological malignancies?

Methods
Ga-68 PSMA PET and mpMRI were performed for each patient who was a part of this retrospective study. The PET-positive lesion's maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was recorded. Prostate biopsies were performed on patients who had PSMA PET avid lesions and a PIRADS score of 4 or 5. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) was afterward performed on patients who had cancer on their prostate biopsy. The prostatectomy specimen's histopathological information was recorded. Cutoff values and correlations between the variables were determined using the ROC curves and Pearson's correlation test.

Result
On the basis of suspicious DRE findings or elevated PSA, 70 men underwent mpMRI and PET scans. PIRADS 4 patients had a median (IQR) SUVmax of 8.75 (11.95); whereas, PIRADS 5 patients had an SUVmax of 24.5 (22). The mean SUVmax for patients whose biopsies revealed no cancer was 6.25 ± 1.41. With an AUC of 0.876 on the ROC curve, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the results of the mpMRI and PET scans and those of the histopathological investigation. A SUVmax ≥ 8.25 on PSMA PET for a PIRADS 4/5 lesion on mpMRI will aid in correctly predicting malignancy, with a sensitivity of 82.8% and specificity of 100%.

Conclusion
The findings of this study were positive and indicated that patients with a high suspicion of prostate cancer on mpMRI and PSMA PET (PIRADS ≥ 4 and SUVmax ≥ 8.25). This study substantiates the fact that a combination of mpMRI and PSMA PET can accurately predict localized prostate cancer.
Association of maternal genetic polymorphisms with fetal growth restriction syndrome in Russian pregnant women from Rostov region
Authors: Alset Dema , Butenko Elena Viktorovna , Pokudina Inna Olegovna , Shkurat Tatiana Pavlovna , Zabanova Ekaterina Andreevna , Kuznetsova Natalia Borisovna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the main syndromes causing fetal morbidity and mortality. It was known to be associated with different factors including maternal, fetal, and environmental. However, the effect of genetic factors in FGR is not totally understood. Recently, researchers have focused on investigating genetic variants as possible markers of FGR. This especially concerns maternal genetic polymorphisms since they could serve as prenatal prognostic biomarkers. Accordingly, we aimed to study the association of several polymorphisms affecting vital processes of pregnancy with FGR in pregnant women. Targeted polymorphisms include methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C > T; methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A > G; methionine synthase (MTR) 2756A > G; angiotensinogen (AGT) 704 T > C; and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) 634C > G. In addition, this study examined SNP–SNP interactions, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and haplotypes association for these polymorphisms in the studied population.

Results
According to our data, MTRR 66(GG) carriers had increased FGR risk (OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.72) while (AG) genotype was associated with lower FGR risk (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.17–0.84). AGT 704T > C also showed significant association with FGR with allele (T) as a risk factor. SNP–SNP interactions analysis revealed antagonistic relationship between these two polymorphisms and haplotypes association confirmed this finding. High LD possibility was shown between MTHFR 677C > T and MTR 2756A > G (D′ = 0.999) located on chromosome 1.

Conclusion
We suggest MTRR 66A > G and AGT 704T > C as associated with FGR susceptibility with antagonistic interaction. Result will help to expand our understanding of FGR as a multifactorial syndrome and improve prenatal prognosis using maternal genetic biomarkers, but further studies in different populations are needed to confirm findings.
Assessment of Cdx2 polymorphism in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Khansari Behdis , Nayeri Hashem , Ostadsharif Maryam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Women’s fertility is affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) as an endocrine disorder with characteristic symptoms such as insulin resistance, polycystic ovaries, menstrual irregularities, and obesity. In polycystic ovarian syndrome, the vitamin D endocrine system is regulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) associated with type II diabetes, endocrine dysfunctions, and insulin resistance. Therefore, the current paper deals with the investigation of the connection between Cdx2 VDR gene polymorphism and the biochemical factors in obese PCOS women.

Material and methods
In the current case–control study, 40 obese women without PCOS and 38 obese women with PCOS were enrolled in May–September 2016. Insulin, IGF1, FBS, and HOMA-IR were examined for the participants along with the allelic and genotypic frequency of Cdx2 polymorphism G/A (rs11568820) from Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Iran. The ASM-PCR (multiplex allele-specific PCR) technique was utilized in this regard.

Results
The age of PCOS women was less (P < 0.001) than the controls. In PCOS women, insulin, FBS, and HOMA-IR serum levels were higher than in the control women (all P values 0.05). For GG, AG, AA,A, and G Cdx2(A/G) genotypic/allelic frequencies were 84.2%, 15.8%, 0%, 7.9%, and 92.1% in cases and 87.5%, 12.5%, 0%, 6.3%, and 93.8% in controls, respectively. HOMA-IR (P = 0.047 and P = 0.033, respectively) and insulin than those with the AG genotype were in PCOS women with the GG Cdx2 genotype. The highest IGF-1 mean value (P = 0.020) was found for the AG genotype in PCOS. In our study, a significant relation was found only between PCOS and FBS, in terms of a logistic regression analysis of Cdx2 and parameters.

Conclusion
In the present study, it was indicated that the GG genotype in PCOS subjects was associated with the IGF-1, HOMA-IR, and insulin. Similarly, no association was found between obese PCOS patients and Cdx2 in the 1a promoter area of the VDR gene in our study.
Characteristics and management of patients with substance use disorders referred to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service in Lebanon
Authors: El Hayek Samer , Kassir Ghida , Zalzali Hussein , Al Hasanieh Karim , Cherro Michele , Ibrahim Nour , Bizri Maya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This study explores the characteristics and management of individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) who were referred to the consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) service in a tertiary care center in Lebanon. As part of the Consultation-Liaison at the American University of Beirut (CLAUB) analysis, we conducted a retrospective record review of patients referred to our CLP service between February 2019 and May 2020. We assessed differences between SUD and non-SUD consults using chi-square analysis, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann–Whitney U test, as appropriate.

Results
Of 1475 patients, 278 (18.8%) received a diagnosis of SUD. They were mostly males (73.7%) with an average age of 38.8 years. The most used substances were alcohol (60%) and cannabis (28.4%). Compared to non-SUD consults, patients with SUDs were more likely to be males (odds ratio OR = 3.18, p < 0.001) and to get intubated during admission (OR = 1.81, p = 0.048). Predictors of intensive care unit admission in patients with alcohol use disorder included pulmonary or endocrinological disease, benzodiazepine use disorder, and days until CLP referral.

Conclusions
The results of this study highlight the high prevalence of alcohol use among individuals with SUD referred to the CLP service. Additionally, they underscore the limited treatment avenues available in this part of the world. The institution of a comprehensive CLP service is crucial to address the unmet needs of patients with SUDs who present to a general hospital setting.
Development of Sustained Release Formulations Based on Lipid-Liquid Crystal to Control the Release of Deoxycholate: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment
Authors: Kouhjani Maryam , Saberi Arezoo , Hadizadeh Farzin , Khodaverdi Elham , Karimi Malihe , Gholizadeh Elaheh , Kamali Hossein , Nokhodchi Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSubcutaneous injections of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sodium deoxycholate (NADC), and a mixture of them were found to be an effective option for treating cellulite. However, it is noteworthy that the injection of NADC may result in inflammation as well as necrosis in the injection area. The preparation of a sustained release formulation based on lipid-liquid crystal that controls the release of NADC could be a potential solution to address the issue of inflammation and necrosis at the site of injection. To present a practical and validated approach for accurately determining the concentration of NADC in LLC formulations, spectrofluorimetry was used based on the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q2 guidelines. Based on the validation results, the fluorometric technique has been confirmed as a reliable, efficient, and economical analytical method for quantifying NADC concentrations. The method demonstrated favorable attributes of linearity, precision, and accuracy, with an r2 value of 0.999. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent interday and intraday repeatability, with RSD values below 4%. The recovery percentages ranged from 97 to 100%, indicating the method’s ability to accurately measure NADC concentrations. The subcutaneous injection of the LLC-NADC demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and tissue necrosis in skin tissue, along with an increase in fat lysis within 30 days, when compared to the administration of only NADC solution. Moreover, the histopathological assessment confirmed that the use of the LLC formulation did not result in any detrimental side effects for kidney or heart tissue.
Le Premier Congrès des écrivains et artistes noirs (1956) et l'Eglise catholique dans l'empire colonial français
Authors: Lock Etienne 
Published: November 2023

Précis
Les publications connues jusqu'alors sur le Premier Congrès des écrivains et artistes noirs qui s'est tenu à Paris en 1956 ne mettent pas en exergue la religion comme une dimension importante de l'identité culturelle négro-africaine que promouvait cet événement. Pourtant au sortir de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, la lutte des peuples noirs contre le colonialisme consiste en une remise en cause de ses structures, de ses manifestations et de ses différentes composantes, dont la religion chrétienne dans sa facture occidentale. Et de fait ce congrès, tenu à l'université de la Sorbonne, s'inscrivant dans cette dynamique, n'a par conséquent pas négligé la religion chrétienne. C'est dans cette mesure qu'il est aussi important de mettre en lumière l’écho de cet événement au sein de l'Eglise catholique, pour ce qui est de sa réception, notamment dans l'empire colonial français.
Key Linguistic and Cultural Values of the Russian Linguistic Worldview in Internet Reviews of Tourists About a Trip to China
Authors: Boguslavskaya Vera , Sun' Veyfan 
Published: November 2023

Tourist review is a popular and modern type of Internet communication. The object of consideration in the article is the Internet reviews of Russian tourists posted on social networks about a trip to China.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the Internet reviews of tourists in the axiological aspect and to identify the linguocultural specifics of the Russian linguistic worldview.
The material of the study was 585 texts of online reviews. The main research methods are the content analysis, interpretive and linguoculturological analyzes.
As a result of the study, the authors identify the key linguistic and cultural values of the Russian linguistic worldview, reflected in the concepts of travel, culture, knowledge, communication, China and hospitality, which make up the concept sphere of Russian tourism discourse with the destination China.
The welfare impact of village fund allocation in Indonesia: The comparative of Java and Non-Java
Authors: Mardalena Mardalena , Adji Ardi , Rohima Siti , Harunurrasyid Harunurrasyid , Nida Rahma 
Published: November 2023

There are inequality at the rural and urban levels that must be concern to the government. To reduce the inequality is to optimize village funds. Allocation of village funds is a stimulus to accelerate the village economy. Fiscal stimulus through village funds boost the economy at the village level. This research examines the impact of village fund allocation on economic performance in Java and non-Java. The Difference in Difference (DiD) method compares the average value of the observed variables before the village fund policy and the average variable value of development indicators and welfare indicators after the policy was implemented. The allocation of village fund has some good impacts on Indonesia's rural economy. We found that funding can boost welfare, such as improving clean water, per capita income, human development index, and reducing poverty. We also discovered that the Java area has a greater impact than the non-Java area. The results of this study provide essential information for formulating government plans and policies as a policy reference and evaluating the implementation of regional autonomy policies and allocation of village funds in Indonesia.
Evaluation of ultrasound as diagnostic tool in patients with clinical features suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome in comparison to nerve conduction studies: Study protocol for a diagnostic testing study
Authors: Murciano Casas María de la Paz , Rodríguez-Piñero Manuel , Jiménez Sarmiento Aguas-Santas , Álvarez López Mercedes , Jiménez Jurado Gema 
Published: November 2023

Background
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive neuropathy, accounting for 90% of all neuropathies. Its prevalence ranges from 3.8%–7.8% in the population. The gold standard for its diagnosis is the neurophysiological study (85% sensitivity and 95% specificity), with the disadvantage of being invasive, complex and expensive, which means an increase in cost and time for the diagnosis of the disease. The main objective of this diagnostic test evaluation study is to investigate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of CTS, and among the secondary objectives, to establish the ultrasound parameters that are predictors of CTS in comparison with neurophysiological studies, attempting to standardize a protocol and reference values that determine the presence or absence of CTS.

Methods
Prospective, cross-sectional study. The reference test with which we compared the ultrasound is the neurophysiological test (NPT). Patients will come consecutively from the Neurophysiology Department of the Virgen Macarena Hospital, with clinical suspicion of CTS and fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria. To calculate the sample size (EPIDAT program) we proposed a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 87% with a confidence level of 95%, requiring 438 patients (264 NPT positive, 174 NPT negative). We followed an ultrasound study protocol that included the ultrasound variables: cross-sectional area at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, range of nerve thinning, wrist-forearm index, flexor retinaculum bulging, power Doppler uptake and the existence of adjacent wrists or masses. We propose a timeline for the study to be performed between 2020 and 2023. Finally, we propose a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Discussion
Ultrasound not only allows to objectify the alterations of the median nerve but also the underlying pathological mechanisms in CTS. A multitude of ultrasound parameters have been described that should be regarded in syndrome’s study, among which we included the cross-sectional area, the range of nerve thinning, the wrist-forearm index, flexor retinaculum bulging, power Doppler uptake and assessment of anatomical alterations. The use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in CTS has many advantages for both doctors and the patients, as it is a non-invasive, convenient, and fast tool increasingly accessible to professionals.

Trial registration
Trials registry number: NCT05556278.