bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins of nonideality exhibited by monoclonal antibodies and Fab fragments in human serum
Authors: Larsen Hayli A. , Atkins William M. , Nath Abhinav 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of therapeutic antibodies remains challenging, time‐consuming, and expensive. A key contributing factor is a lack of understanding of how proteins are affected by complex biological environments such as serum and plasma. Nonideality due to attractive or repulsive interactions with cosolutes can alter the stability, aggregation propensity, and binding interactions of proteins in solution. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) can be used to measure apparent second virial coefficient (B2,app) values for therapeutic and model monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that capture the nature and strength of interactions with cosolutes directly in undiluted serum and similar complex biological media. Here, we use FCS‐derived B2,app measurements to identify the components of human serum responsible for nonideal interactions with mAbs and Fab fragments. Most mAbs exhibit neutral or slightly attractive interactions with intact serum. Generally, mAbs display repulsive interactions with albumin and mildly attractive interactions with IgGs in the context of whole serum. Crucially, however, these attractive interactions are much stronger with pooled IgGs isolated from other serum components, indicating that the effects of serum nonideality can only be understood by studying the intact medium (rather than isolated components). Moreover, Fab fragments universally exhibited more attractive interactions than their parental mAbs, potentially rendering them more susceptible to nonideality‐driven perturbations. FCS‐based B2,app measurements have the potential to advance our understanding of how physiological environments impact protein‐based therapeutics in general. Furthermore, incorporating such assays into preclinical biologics development may help de‐risk molecules and make for a faster and more efficient development process.
Unpacking the unequal privileges within transnational lifestyle relocation: Swedish lifestyle migrants' advantages and challenges in the Spanish housing market
Authors: Yrigoy Ismael , Lidmark Hugo , Bergman Adam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLifestyle relocation is a highly privileged form of mobility. However, the extent of such privilege needs to be addressed theoretically and empirically in countries such as Spain where lifestyle migration is rising. This article dissects the extent of such privilege by analyzing the economic advantages and challenges that different social groups have when acquiring properties for lifestyle reasons. By lifestyle reasons we understand here a mix of economic, leisure and life change motivations underlying lifestyle migrants' property acquisition.To explore the unequal advantages and challenges faced by lifestyle migrants, we explore the variegated economic strategies conducted by Swedish lifestyle migrants in the property markets in the coastal areas of Majorca, Costa del Sol and Costa Blanca in Spain. Such trajectories that illustrate the extent of the privilege of lifestyle migrants are analyzed by (i) dissecting the privileged position of lifestyle migrants in what Wright labelled as the ‘relations of production’; by (ii) exploring how the position in the relations of production intersect with other social structures and particularly age, gender and civil status; and by (iii) categorizing the trajectories of Swedish lifestyle migrants in the Spanish housing market according to three main positions of privilege: less advantaged, advantaged and super advantaged.
Group sequential design with maximin efficiency robust test for immunotherapy with generalized delayed treatment effect
Authors: Li Bosheng , Zhang Jingyi , Yang Wenyun , Su Liwen , Yan Fangrong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe delayed treatment effect is a common feature of immunotherapy, characterized by a gradual onset of action ranging from no effect to full effect. In this study, we propose a generalized delayed treatment effect function to depict the delayed effective process precisely and flexibly. To reduce potential power loss caused by the delayed treatment effect in a group sequential trial, we employ the maximin efficiency robust test, which enhances power robustness across a range of possible delays. We present novel approaches based on the Markov chain method for determining group sequential boundaries, calculating the power function, and estimating the maximum sample size through iterative regressions between the square root of the maximum sample size and the normal quantile of power. Extensive simulation studies validate the effectiveness of our approaches, particularly in balanced trials, demonstrating the validity of group sequential boundaries and the accuracy of maximum sample size estimations. Additionally, we utilize a real trial as an example to compare our considered trial with group sequential trials using the log‐rank and generalized piecewise weighted log‐rank tests. The results show significantly reduced maximum sample sizes, highlighting the economic advantage of our approach.
Atrial septal defect closure is associated with improved clinical status in patients ≤ 10 kg with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Webb Melissa K. , Cuevas Guaman Milenka , Sexson Tejtel S. Kristen , Cambronero Neil , Coleman Ryan D. , Chartan Corey A. , Yilmaz Furtun Betul , Morris Shaine A. , Varghese Nidhy P. , Villafranco Natalie M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have shown clinical improvement after secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. We sought to determine if this post‐ASD closure improvement is secondary to the expected course in BPD patients or related to the closure itself. A novel BPD‐ASD score was created to assess patients' clinical status (higher score = worse disease) and applied to 10 BPD‐ASD inpatients weighing ≤ 10 kg who underwent ASD closure. The score and its subcomponents were retrospectively calculated serially ranging from 8 weeks pre‐ to 8 weeks post‐intervention, and pre‐ and post‐intervention score slopes were created. These slopes were compared using mixed regression modeling with an interaction term. There was a significant difference in pre‐ versus post‐intervention slope with the most score drop the first week post‐intervention (−2.1 + /− 0.8, p = 0.014). The mean score also dropped through weeks 2 (slope −0.8 + /− 0.8, p = 0.013) and 4 (slope −1.0 + /− 0.5, p = 0.001) post‐intervention. There was a significant difference in pre‐ and post‐intervention slopes for diuretics (p = 0.018) and the combined score of respiratory support, FiO2 need, and respiratory symptoms (p = 0.018). This study demonstrated significant improvement in BPD‐ASD score, diuretic need, and respiratory status after ASD closure in BPD‐ASD patients ≤ 10 kg that was outside of the natural course of BPD. Our study was limited by its small, single‐center, retrospective nature. Future studies should be performed in a larger multicenter population to both validate the scoring system and compare to non‐intervention infants.
Whole‐process respiratory management strategies based on electrical impedance tomography in a pregnant woman with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by systemic lupus erythematosus under veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Su Longxiang , He Huaiwu , Liu Dawei , Long Yun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) as a bedside, noninvasive, radiation‐free technology, could quantify alveolar collapse and over‐distension and provide real‐time ventilation images of lungs. Clinical studies have shown potential benefit in reducing lung injury by EIT to guide mechanical ventilation setting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The respiratory management of ARDS with venous−venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) remains a challenge for ICU doctors. Moreover, EIT has gained great interests in the respiratory management in VV ECMO therapy. Here, EIT was used for respiratory management in the presented case of a 36‐year‐old gravida with systemic lupus erythematosus, who developed severe hypoxia caused by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Although the patient received mechanical ventilation, VV ECMO was further used for the refractory respiratory failure. EIT was applied to titrate positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP), guide prone position and early mobilization, dynamic evaluating lung development during ECMO therapy. She was successfully rescued after comprehensive therapy. In summary, an EIT‐guided whole‐process respiratory management strategy that included PEEP titration, prone position, early mobilization, and dynamic lung ventilation monitoring was proposed. This case demonstrated that EIT‐guided whole‐process respiratory management strategy was feasible in the respiratory failure patient with VV ECMO therapy.
Simultaneous removal of chloride and hardness from groundwater by cassava peel biosorption: Optimization and sorption studies
Authors: Nyangi Magori Jackson 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, activated carbon produced from cassava peel (CP) via carbonization at 400°C was utilized as a biosorbent for the removal of chloride (Cl−) and total hardness (TH) from groundwater. A response surface methodology (RSM) employing a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to optimize process parameters, including pH (3–10), biosorbent dosage (1–10 g), contact time (10–60 min), initial Cl− concentration (50–2000 mg/L), and initial TH concentration (40–900 mg/L). The biosorbent was applied in a batch reactor setup to evaluate its performance in removing Cl− and TH from groundwater under the optimized conditions. The experimental data showed good agreement with the model predictions, exhibiting R2 of 0.991 and 0.905 for Cl− and TH removal, respectively. The CP biosorbent removed Cl− (245 mg/L) and TH (321 mg/L) by 84% and 90%, respectively, under optimal conditions of 6.9 g CP dose, 19.6 min, and initial pH of 8.1. The sorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order, and the equilibrium data fit the Freundlich and Langmuir models to Cl− and TH, respectively. The removal of Cl− and TH exhibited maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 31.25 and 6.57 mg/g for Cl− and TH, respectively. Overall, CP shows potential as an adsorbent for remediating groundwater containing Cl− and TH.
Sampled‐data robust practical tracking of Euler‐Lagrange systems with an uncertain exosystem
Authors: Zeng Kaiji , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on the problem of sampled‐data practical tracking for Euler‐Lagrange systems subject to uncertain parameters. We assume that the system matrix of the exosystem and the Euler‐Lagrange system both contain unknown parameters, which is clearly more practical. The existence of unknown system parameters invalidates existing control strategies and poses a major challenge to the solvability of the problem. With the help of the internal model principle and the adaptive control technology, we propose a novel sampled‐data dynamic compensator to overcome the challenge of unknown parameters in exosystems. In particular, a virtual sampling adaptive control input is proposed to deal with uncertainties in the exosystem matrix. Then, a sampled‐data control law is constructed to guarantee that, by any fast predefined rate, the tracking error exponentially approaches any small predefined ranges of the origin, thus ensure the tracking performance. Finally, we apply our result to a three‐link robot manipulator system.
Urban inundation forecasting based on hydraulic models coupling MIKE Flood and MIKE Urban: A case study of Tam Ky City, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Chi Cong , Nguyen Binh Quang , Cuong Le Xuan , Pham Ly Trieu , Vo Duc Phuoc , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Vo Ngoc Duong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrban inundation has become a growing concern for many coastal cities around the world. Tam Ky City, located downstream of Ban Thach and Tam Ky rivers in central Vietnam, is no exception. According to annual statistics, the city frequently experiences heavy rainfall from tropical storms and monsoons, making inundation a recurring issue. In response to this challenge, this study developed a flood forecasting model specifically tailored for Tam Ky City, based on forecast rainfall and tidal levels. A key strength of the flood forecasting model lies in its integration of rainfall‐runoff processes, effectively connecting the river basin and the city. To ensure the model's accuracy and reliability, the parameters of the flood forecasting model were meticulously calibrated and verified for floods occurred on rivers as well as in urban areas. An experimental flood forecast was performed during Typhoon Nuru on September 28, 2022, and the forecast results of inundation locations and depths in the city well reflected the actual observations.
Exploring the Novel Anticonvulsant Phytochemicals from Glycyrrhiza glabra: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Salaria Punam , NN Subrahmanyeswara Rao , M Amarendar Reddy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComputational methods like molecular docking, pharmacokinetic study, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and Molecular Mechanics‐Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area (MM‐PBSA) were used to investigate the ability of Glycyrrhiza glabra phytoconstituents to modulate the activity of GABA‐A receptor. The docking studies suggested that both Kanzonol U and Glabrol, have shown superior binding abilities, as evident by their binding energies of −11.8 and −11.4 kcal/mol, respectively, as compared to diazepam (−10.0 kcal/mol), which is an allosteric modulator of GABA‐A. Only nine constituents were identified as the blood‐brain barrier permeants in the SwissADME investigation, with binding energy≤−10.0 kcal/mol. The docking results were further strengthened by MD simulation which showed that the Kanzonol U and Glabrol complex displayed good conformational stability with an average RMSD of 0.20 nm. Additionally, MM‐PBSA outcomes revealed that these phytochemicals as the most potent GABA‐A modulators. All these investigations suggest that the phytochemicals Kanzonol U and Glabrol may produce a promising antiepileptic effect.
Layered Architectural Fabrication of a Novel Sulfite Nanobiosensor by Encapsulation of Sulfite Oxidase on a Polypyrrole‐Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Decorated with Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Adeloju Samuel B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fabrication of a highly selective and ultrasensitive sulfite nanobiosensor based on a layered architectural fabrication aided by the encapsulation of sulfite oxidase (SOx) in Nafion (Naf) matrix on a multiwalled carbon nanotubes‐polypyrrole (MWCNTs‐PPy) composite decorated with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) is described. The MWCNTs are deposited in the inner layer on a Pt electrode during electropolymerization of pyrrole (Py), followed by decoration with a PtNPs layer and subsequent encapsulation of SOx with Naf in the third layer capped with a fourth thin PtNPs layer. Images obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveal that high‐density PtNPs are deposited onto the 3D nanostructured inner MWCNTs‐PPy layer and the electrochemical behavior is investigated. A large surface area provided by the incorporation of MWCNTs in the composite and decoration with PtNPs enables increased SOx loading, SOx retention, and substantial improvement in sensing performance. The resulting layered PtNPs/SOx‐Naf/PtNPs/MWCNTs‐PPy nanobiosensor exhibits a fast response time (within 3 s), a linear calibration range of 20 nmm – 6 m with an excellent sensitivity of 71 µA mm−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 5.4 nm. The nanobiosensor was effective in discriminating against common interferants and was successfully applied to sulfite determination in real samples.
Perspectives from the Africa region
Authors: Chalufu Sibusiso , Madiba Matete , Pillay Saloschini , Mashiapata Matome 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article describes the student affairs associations of South Africa and how they pooled their strategy into a Southern African federation, strengthening their impact on student support and development, policy development, and professional development in Southern Africa. The pan‐African developments to strengthen higher education, driven by the Association for African Universities, reveal the ambitious plans to strengthen student support in African higher education.
Perspectives from the South America Region
Authors: Kristic Ana María Pelegrí , Hansen William Young , Canton Guzman Alicia , Cantor María Consuelo Burgos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWriters
of this article share their seminal work of creating the Latin American Region (LAC) as part of the United States NASPA‐Student Affairs Administration in the Higher Education Association's Global Division. Webinars, exchanges, conferences, some research initiatives, and a new student affairs administration minor as part of a higher education master's degree are beginning to shape the work of student affairs in South America.
Grouped rank centrality: Ranking and grouping from pairwise comparisons simultaneously
Authors: Tian Xin‐Yu , Shi Jian 
Published: October 2023

SummaryInterpretation of ranking can be simplified by grouping when the number of ranking items is large. This paper is concerned with the problem of ranking and grouping from pairwise comparisons simultaneously so that items with similar abilities are clustered into the same group. To achieve this, a penalised spectral ranking method, named as grouped rank centrality, is designed. In the method, the fused lasso estimator is used in conjunction with a spectral‐based method, rank centrality. We reconstruct and simplify the original problem to a concise structure which has the same form with the linear adaptive lasso problem. The ability score estimation is finally obtained by applying the refitting strategy based on the group structure identified by the grouped rank centrality. Theoretical results are provided to present the grouping consistent property and asymptotic normality of the estimator under the Bradley–Terry assumption. The simulation study and real examples including National Basketball Association (NBA) data and journal meta‐rankings are provided to demonstrate the validity of our theory and the practical significance of the proposed approach.
Experimental investigation on shear strengthening with fiber/textile reinforced concrete
Authors: Rossi Edoardo , Randl Norbert , Mészöly Tamás , Harsányi Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) as a shear strengthening solution for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a viable and effective strategy. The low tensile strength of the cementitious matrix used to produce TRC, however, can strongly limit the performance achievable by such material. Using fiber/textile reinforced concrete (F/TRC), that is, TRC where short‐dispersed fibers were admixed to the cementitious matrix, has proven to overcome such limitations. An experimental campaign, aimed at assessing the influence of the fiber‐reinforced cementitious matrix, the number of layers, and their anchoring, was performed at the structural laboratory of Carinthia University of Applied Sciences. F/TRC strengthening configurations were tested on real‐scale T‐beams without internal transversal reinforcement. The results highlight the contribution of the cementitious matrix and hint at the possibility of simply summing its contribution to the one of the textile fabrics, while appropriate end‐anchorage seems to improve the performance of both elements.
Recurrent pyogranulomatous polymyositis and intramuscular abscesses secondary to Corynebacterium species in a young beagle
Authors: Mahon Elizabeth , Albertini Guillaume , Marsh Oliver , Staudacher Anne , Stabile Fabio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA 16‐month‐old, male, entire beagle presented for suspected relapse of steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis 12 months after diagnosis. Following improvement with immunosuppressive treatment, the dog developed lethargy and right pelvic limb lameness. Neuroanatomical localisation was to the L4–S3 spinal cord segments/associated peripheral nerves. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed peripherally contrast‐enhancing, fluid‐isointense, cavitary lesions within the right and left great adductor, gracilis muscles and right semimembranosus, internal and external obturator, superficial glutaeal and coccygeal muscles. Culture and sensitivity of muscle fine‐needle aspiration revealed Corynebacterium species without antibiotic resistance. Clinical signs resolved on amoxicillin‐clavulanate (25 mg/kg/12 h) and clindamycin (20 mg/kg/12 h), but relapsed after 6 weeks. Addition of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg/24 h) achieved clinical resolution. After 2 weeks, the dog relapsed and the owner elected euthanasia. Postmortem biopsies of the gracilis and semitendinosus muscles revealed pyogranulomatous polymyositis. Corynebacterium species should be considered a differential diagnosis for pyogranulomatous polymyositis in dogs. Lack of response to appropriate antibiotic treatment in immunosuppressed dogs may carry a poor prognosis.
Isolated medial meniscal tear in a domestic shorthaired cat
Authors: Koch Clara , Kornmayer Matthias 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis case report describes the presentation, diagnostic imaging, management and outcome of a cat with an isolated meniscal tear. A 4‐year‐old, male, neutered, European shorthair cat was presented with a left hindlimb lameness. The left stifle joint was painful on manipulation, effusion was present and no primary cause such as cruciate ligament disease, stifle disruption or patellar luxation could be detected. The suspicion of a knee sprain was raised, and conservative therapy was performed without improvement of the lameness during the following weeks. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging was recommended, which revealed a medial meniscal injury with no primary cause present. Therapy consisted of partial meniscectomy via arthrotomy. The lameness improved postoperatively, and in long‐term follow‐up a mildly progressive osteoarthritis developed.
Expertise differences in cognitive interpreting: A meta‐analysis of eye tracking studies across four decades
Authors: Wang Huan , Yu Zhonggen , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis meta‐analytic research delves into the influence of expertise on cognitive interpreting, emphasizing time efficiency, accuracy, and cognitive effort, in alignment with prevailing expertise theories that link professional development and cognitive efficiency. The study assimilates empirical data from 18 eye‐tracking studies conducted over the past four decades, encompassing a sample of 1581 interpreters. The objective is to elucidate the role of expertise in interpretative performance while tracing the evolution of these dynamics over time. Findings suggest that expert interpreters outperform novices in time efficiency and accuracy and exhibit lower cognitive effort, especially in sight and consecutive interpreting. This effect is particularly pronounced in the English‐Chinese language pair and with the use of E‐prime and Tobii eye‐tracking systems. Further, fixation count and pupil size are essential metrics impacting cognitive effort. These findings have vital implications for interpreter training programs, suggesting a focus on expertise development to enhance efficiency and accuracy, reduce cognitive load, and emphasize the importance of sight interpreting as a foundational skill. The selection of technology and understanding of specific ocular metrics also emerged as essential for future research and practical applications in the interpreting industry.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Linguistics > Cognitive