bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of residential green space with internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood
Authors: Hazlehurst Marnie F. , Hajat Anjum , Tandon Pooja S. , Szpiro Adam A. , Kaufman Joel D. , Tylavsky Frances A. , Hare Marion E. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Loftus Christine T. , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Bush Nicole R. , Karr Catherine J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Green space exposures may promote child mental health and well-being across multiple domains and stages of development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between residential green space exposures and child mental and behavioral health at age 4–6 years.

Methods
Children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) cohort in Shelby County, Tennessee, were parent-reported on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined three exposures—residential surrounding greenness calculated as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree cover, and park proximity—averaged across the residential history for the year prior to outcome assessment. Linear regression models were adjusted for individual, household, and neighborhood-level confounders across multiple domains. Effect modification by neighborhood socioeconomic conditions was explored using multiplicative interaction terms.

Results
Children were on average 4.2 years (range 3.8-6.0) at outcome assessment. Among CANDLE mothers, 65% self-identified as Black, 29% as White, and 6% as another or multiple races; 41% had at least a college degree. Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower internalizing behavior scores (-0.66 per 0.1 unit higher NDVI; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.07) in fully-adjusted models. The association between tree cover and internalizing behavior was in the hypothesized direction but confidence intervals included the null (-0.29 per 10% higher tree cover; 95% CI: -0.62, 0.04). No associations were observed between park proximity and internalizing behavior. We did not find any associations with externalizing behaviors or the attention problems subscale. Estimates were larger in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic opportunity, but interaction terms were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Our findings add to the accumulating evidence of the importance of residential green space for the prevention of internalizing problems among young children. This research suggests the prioritization of urban green spaces as a resource for child mental health.
The pathogenic mutations of APOA5 in Chinese patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Dai Si , Qin Shuqi , Zhou Jing , Wang Zhendan , Yin Guojian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsTo study the role of gene mutations in the development of severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP), especially different apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) mutations.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed on 163 patients with HLAP and 30 patients with biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP). The pathogenicity of mutations was then assessed by combining clinical information, predictions of bioinformatics programs, information from multiple gene databases, and residue location and conservation. The pathogenic mutations ofAPOA5were visualized using the software.Results1. Compared with BAP patients, pathogenic mutations ofAPOA5were frequent in HLAP patients; among them, the heterozygous mutation of p.G185C was the most common.2. All six pathogenic mutations ofAPOA5identified in this study (p.S35N, p.D167V, p.G185C, p.K188I, p.R223C, and p.H182fs) were positively correlated with severe HTG; they were all in the important domains of apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V). Residue 223 is strictly conserved in multiple mammals and is located in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-binding domain (Pro215–Phe261). When Arg 223 is mutated to Cys 223, the positive charge of this residue is reduced, which is potentially destructive to the binding function of apoA-V to LPL.3. Four newAPOA5mutations were identified, namely c.563A > T, c.667C > T, c.788G > A, and c.544_545 insGGTGC.ConclusionsThe pathogenic mutations ofAPOA5were specific to the patients with HLAP and severe HTG in China, and identifying such mutations had clinical significance in elucidating the etiology and subsequent treatment.Graphical Abstract
Polydopamine-assisted aptamer-carrying tetrahedral DNA microelectrode sensor for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of exosomes
Authors: Jiang Bowen , Zhang Tenghua , Liu Silan , Sheng Yan , Hu Jiaming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (30–160 nm) with endosome origin secreted by almost all types of cells, which are considered to be messengers of intercellular communication. Cancerous exosomes serve as a rich source of biomarkers for monitoring changes in cancer-related physiological status, because they carry a large number of biological macromolecules derived from parental tumors. The ultrasensitive quantification of trace amounts of cancerous exosomes is highly valuable for non-invasive early cancer diagnosis, yet it remains challenging. Herein, we developed an aptamer-carrying tetrahedral DNA (Apt-TDNA) microelectrode sensor, assisted by a polydopamine (PDA) coating with semiconducting properties, for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of cancer-derived exosomes.

Results
The stable rigid structure and orientation of Apt-TDNA ensured efficient capture of suspended exosomes. Without PDA coating signal amplification strategy, the sensor has a linear working range of 102–107 particles mL−1, with LOD of ~ 69 exosomes and ~ 42 exosomes for EIS and DPV, respectively. With PDA coating, the electrochemical signal of the microelectrode is further amplified, achieving single particle level sensitivity (~ 14 exosomes by EIS and ~ 6 exosomes by DPV).

Conclusions
The proposed PDA-assisted Apt-TDNA microelectrode sensor, which integrates efficient exosome capture, sensitive electrochemical signal feedback with PDA coating signal amplification, provides a new avenue for the development of simple and sensitive electrochemical sensing techniques in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.

Graphical Abstract
Underreporting of non-study cigarette use by study participants confounds the interpretation of results from ambulatory clinical trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes
Authors: Zhang Mingda , Wang Jingzhu , Edmiston Jeffery 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
As part of its comprehensive plan to significantly reduce the harm from tobacco products, the US Food and Drug Administration is establishing a product standard to lower nicotine in conventional cigarettes to make them “minimally addictive or non-addictive". Many clinical studies have investigated the potential impact of such a standard on smoking behavior and exposure to cigarette constituents. These ambulatory studies required participants who smoke to switch to reduced nicotine study cigarettes. In contrast to clinical trials on pharmaceuticals or medical devices, participants had ready access to non-study conventional nicotine cigarettes and high rates of non-study cigarette use were consistently reported. The magnitude of non-compliance, which could impact the interpretation of the study results, was not adequately assessed in these trials.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a large, randomized trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes with 840 participants to estimate the magnitude of non-compliance, i.e., the average number of non-study cigarettes smoked per day by study participants assigned to reduced nicotine cigarettes. Individual participants’ non-study cigarette use was estimated based on his/her urinary total nicotine equivalent level, the nicotine content of the study cigarette assigned and the self-reported number of cigarettes smoked, using a previously published method.

Results
Our analysis showed that (1) there is a large variation in the number of non-study cigarettes smoked by participants within each group (coefficient of variation 90–232%); (2) participants in reduced nicotine cigarette groups underreported their mean number of non-study cigarettes smoked per day by 85–91%; and (3) the biochemical-based estimates indicate no reduction in the mean number of total cigarettes smoked per day for any group assigned to reduced nicotine cigarettes after accounting for non-study cigarettes.

Conclusions
High levels of non-compliance, in both the rate and magnitude of non-study cigarette use, are common in ambulatory reduced nicotine cigarette trials where participants have access to conventional nicotine non-study cigarettes. The potential impact of high non-compliance on study outcomes should be considered when interpreting the results from such ambulatory studies.
Drivers of cervical cancer prevention and management in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative synthesis of mixed studies
Authors: Atnafu Desta Debalkie , Khatri Resham , Assefa Yibeltal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a public health concern in the sub-Saharan Africa region. Cervical cancer screening is one of the strategies for detecting early precancerous lesions. However, many women have poor access to and utilization of screening services in the region. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on the challenges and opportunities of screening, early detection and management of cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
We conducted a structured narrative review of studies published in English. We included studies published from 1 January 2013 to mid-2022. Studies were selected following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Key search terms (detractors and enablers, cervical cancer screening, sub-Saharan Africa) were employed to identify studies from three electronic databases (HINARI, Science Direct, and PubMed). We also conducted searches on Google Scholar to identify relevant grey literatures. A thematic analysis was conducted and themes were identified, then explained using a socio-ecological framework (intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, policy levels).

Results
We identified 60 studies in the final review. Cervical cancer screening and early detection and management programmes are influenced by drivers at multiple levels. Individual-level drivers included a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and screening literacy, and a low risk in perception, attitude, susceptibility and perceived fear of test results, as well as sociodemographic characteristics of women. Interpersonal drivers were community embarrassment, women’s relationships with health workers, support and encouragement, the presence of peers or relatives to model preventive behaviour, and the mothers’ networks with others. At the organizational level, influencing factors were related to providers (cervical cancer screening practice, training, providers’ profession type, skill of counselling and sex, expert recommendation and work commitments). At the community level, drivers of cervical cancer screening included stigma, social–cultural norms, social networks and beliefs. System- and policy-level drivers were lack of nearby facilities and geographic remoteness, resource allocation and logistics management, cost of screening, promotion policy, ownership and management, lack of decentralized cancer policy and lack of friendly infrastructure.

Conclusions
There were several drivers in the implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes at multiple levels. Prevention and management of cervical cancer programmes requires multilevel strategies to be implemented across the individual level (users), community and organizational levels (providers and community users), and system and policy levels. The design and implementation of policies and programmes need to address the multilevel challenges.
The scaffold of neutrophil extracellular traps promotes CCA progression and modulates angiogenesis via ITGAV/NFκB
Authors: Zhang Congyi , Wu Dehai , Dong Bowen , Liao Guanqun , Yu Yang , Huang Shizhuan , Luo Feng , Zhang Bin , Wu Haotian , Li Tianwei , Wen Dixiang , Tai Sheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have garnered attention for their dual role in host defense and tumor promotion. With their involvement documented across a spectrum of tumors, their influence on the progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is of paramount interest. We employed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to detect NET deposition in CCA tissues. Through in vitro and in vivo investigation, including CCA organoid and transposon-based models in PAD4 KO mice, we explored the effects of NETs on cell proliferation and metastasis. Molecular insights were gained through RNA sequencing, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Elevated intratumoral NET deposition within CCA tissues was associated with poor survival. The influence of NETs on CCA proliferation, migration and invasion was primarily mediated by NET-DNA. RNA sequencing unveiled the activation of the NFκB signaling pathway due to NET-DNA stimulation. NET-DNA pull-down assay coupled with mass spectrometry revealed the interaction between NET-DNA and αV integrin (ITGAV), culmination in the activation of the NFκB pathway. Furthermore, NET-DNA directly upregulated the expression of VEGF-A in cancer cells. The study unequivocally establishes NETs as facilitators of CCA progression, orchestrating proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis through ITGAV/NFκB pathway activation. This novel insight positions NETs as prospective therapeutic targets for managing CCA patients. By implementing a variety of methodologies and drawing intricate connections between NETs, DNA interactions, and signaling pathways, this research expands our comprehension of the complex interplay between the immune system and cancer progression, offering promising avenues for intervention.
Adjunctive interventions: change methods directed at recipients that support uptake and use of health innovations
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Li Dennis H. , Merle James L. , Keiser Brennan , Mustanski Brian , Benbow Nanette D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Implementation science groups change methods into two categories: (1) clinical, behavioral, or biomedical intervention targeting recipient’s health outcomes and (2) implementation strategies targeting the delivery system. Differentiating interventions from strategies based on their intended functions is critical to accurately attributing their effects to health or implementation outcomes. However, in coordinating 200+ HIV implementation research projects and conducting systematic reviews, we identified change methods that had characteristics of both interventions and strategies that were inconsistently categorized. To alleviate confusion and improve change method specification, we propose that implementation science should adopt an extant but rarely used term—adjunctive interventions—to classify change methods that are distinct from the common intervention/strategy taxonomy.

Main text
Adjunctive interventions as change methods that target recipients (e.g., patients, participants) of a health intervention but are designed to increase recipients’ motivation, self-efficacy, or capacity for initiating, adhering to, complying with, or engaging with the health intervention over time. In two of our published reviews on implementation of HIV interventions, 25 out of 45 coded change methods fell into this gray area between strategy and intervention. We also noted instances in which the same change method was labelled as the intervention (“the thing”), as an adjunctive intervention, or an implementation strategy in different studies—further muddying the waters. Adjunctive interventions are distinguished from other change methods by their intended targets, desired outcomes, and theory of action and causal processes. Whereas health interventions target recipients and have a direct, causal effect on the health outcome, adjunctive interventions enhance recipients’ attitudes and behaviors to engage with the intervention and have an indirect causal link to the health outcome via increasing the probability of recipients’ utilization and adherence to the intervention. Adjunctive interventions are incapable of directly producing the health outcome and will themselves require implementation strategies to effectively impact sustained uptake, utilization, and adherence. Case examples, logic modeling, and considerations (e.g., relationship to consumer engagement strategies) for adjunctive intervention research are provided.

Conclusion
Conceptualizing adjunctive interventions as a separate type of change method will advance implementation research by improving tests of effectiveness, and the specification of mechanisms and outcomes.
Clinical predictors of syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with chiari-like malformation based on owners’ observations
Authors: Pedersen Tenna Remler , Bach Maiken Bayer Thode , Stougaard Camilla Løkke , Gredal Hanne , Rusbridge Clare , Finnerup Nanna Brix , Berendt Mette 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Syringomyelia (SM) is a prevalent inherited developmental condition in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) with Chiari-like malformation (CM), accompanied by a variety of clinical manifestations, including signs of neuropathic pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in SM diagnosis. However, it is desirable to establish clinical predictors that can identify CKCSs with a large clinical syrinx that needs treatment, as some owners cannot afford or lack access to MRI. The aims of the study were to investigate owner-reported clinical signs of SM and clinical predictors of a large clinical syrinx, using predictive values of significant signs, individually and in combinations. Eighty-nine CKCSs participated in this retrospective study. Based on MRI diagnosis, dogs were distributed into three groups: CM without syrinx or with a maximum transverse width < 2 mm (n = 13), CM with small syrinx 2.00-3.99 mm (n = 26) and CM with large syrinx ≥4 mm (n = 50). A structured investigator-owner interview using a standardized questionnaire was used to collect data regarding clinical signs of CM and SM. The statistical tests Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and Spearman’s rank order were used to assess the difference in owner-reported signs between groups. For signs with significant differences, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated.

Results
Following clinical signs were reported significantly more frequent in dogs with a large syrinx: phantom scratching, bilateral scratching of the neck or shoulder, aversion when that area is touched, or exacerbation of clinical signs when the dog is emotionally aroused. Each individual sign had a high PPV, indicative of a large clinical syrinx. The PPV increased further when the signs phantom scratching, aversion to touch to the head, neck or shoulder, and a preferred head posture during sleep were present in combination.

Conclusions
Specific clinical signs can be used individually and in combination as clinical predictors of a large clinical syrinx in CKCSs with CM and SM. General practitioners can utilize this information to identify CKCSs with a large syrinx to initiate necessary treatment. This is particularly useful in cases where access to or affordability of an MRI diagnosis is limited.
Efficacy and safety of peppermint oil for the treatment in Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, open-label, and single-arm study
Authors: Matsueda Kei , Fukudo Shin , Ogishima Masayuki , Naito Yuki , Nakamura Soichiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In Europe, an herbal medicine containing peppermint oil is widely used in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In Japan, however, no clinical evidence for peppermint oil in IBS has been established, and it has not been approved as a drug for IBS. Accordingly, we conducted a clinical study to confirm the efficacy and safety of peppermint oil (ZO-Y60) in Japanese patients with IBS.

Methods
The study was a multi-center, open-label, single-arm, phase 3 trial in Japanese outpatients with IBS aged 17–60 years and diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria. The subjects were treated with an oral capsule of ZO-Y60 three times a day before meals, for four weeks. The efficacy of ZO-Y60 was evaluated using the patient’s global assessment (PtGA), IBS symptom severity score, stool frequency score, stool form score, and physician’s global assessment (PGA). The safety of ZO-Y60 was also assessed.

Results
Sixty-nine subjects were treated with ZO-Y60. During the four-week administration of ZO-Y60, the improvement rate of the PtGA was 71.6% (48/67) in week 2 and 85.1% (57/67) in week 4. It was also suggested that ZO-Y60 is effective against any type of IBS (IBS with constipation, IBS with diarrhea, and mixed/unsubtyped IBS). The improvement rate of the PGA was 73.1% (49/67) in week 2 and 85.1% (57/67) in week 4, also confirming the efficacy of ZO-Y60. Adverse events were observed in 14 subjects (20.3%), however, none of these adverse events were categorized as serious.

Conclusion
The efficacy of treatment was confirmed, subjective symptoms were improved, as was observed in previous clinical studies of ZO-Y60 conducted outside of Japan. All adverse reactions were previously known and were non-serious. These findings suggest that peppermint oil may be effective in the Japanese population and that it has an acceptable safety profile.

Trial registration
JAPIC Clinical Trials Information number: JapicCTI-121727 https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT1080221685. Registration date: 2012–01-10.
Psychiatric disorders in term-born children with marginally low birth weight: a population-based study
Authors: Wu Shu-I , Huang Yu-Hsin , Kao Kai-Liang , Lin Yu-Wen , Tsai Po-Li , Chiu Nan-Chang , Chung Ching-Hu , Chen Chie-Pein 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Marginally low birth weight (MLBW) is defined as a birth weight of 2000 ~ 2499 g. Inconsistent findings have been reported on whether children with low birth weight had higher rates of neurological, attention, or cognitive symptoms. No studies have explored the occurrence of clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders in term- born MLBW infants. We aimed to investigate the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorders in term-born children with MLBW.

Methods
This is a nationwide retrospective cohort study, by analysing the data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database from 2008 to 2018. The study population includes propensity-score-matched term-born infants with MLBW and those without MLBW (birth weight ≥ 2500 g). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used after adjustment for potential demographic and perinatal comorbidity confounders. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) of 11 psychiatric clinical diagnoses were evaluated.

Results
A total of 53,276 term-born MLBW infants and 1,323,930 term-born infants without MLBW were included in the study. After propensity score matching for demographic variables and perinatal comorbidities, we determined that the term-born MLBW infants (n = 50,060) were more likely to have attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (HR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.20, 1.33]), autism spectrum disorder (HR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.14, 1.40]), conduct disorder (HR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.03, 1.51]), emotional disturbance (HR: = 1.13, 95% CI [1.02, 1.26]), or specific developmental delays (HR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.33, 1.43]) than term-born infants without MLBW (n = 50,060).

Conclusion
MLBW was significantly associated with the risk of subsequent psychiatric disorder development among term-born infants. The study findings demonstrate that further attention to mental health and neurodevelopment issues may be necessary in term-born children with MLBW. However, possibilities of misclassification in exposures or outcomes, and risks of residual and unmeasured confounding should be concerned when interpreting our data.