bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravaginal Delivery of Herbal Pharmaceutical Interventions for Uncomplicated UTIs in Women
Authors: Semwal Nidhi , Joshi Deepika , Sharma Priya , Rautela Archana , Singh Bhavana 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTIs) is the most common infection in women affecting
approximately 75% of women worldwide during their pregnancy, and in pre and postmenopausal
women. Typical symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic discomfort, and
dysuria.

Method:
An introduction to the epidemiology of UTIs and detailed herbal nanoformulation treatment
approach through novel intravaginal route is intended through this narrative review. UTIs
are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and they affect the quality of life of the affected
patients. Multidrug-resistant bacteria and recurrent UTIs are becoming more common. Development
of resistance, adverse effects of antibiotics, and other associated problems lead to establishing
the research framework to find out the alternative approaches in controlling UTIs. Antibiotic-
free treatments for uncomplicated urinary tract infections UTIs should be used, saving drugs
for severe infections. Herbal medication might be used instead of antibiotics for uncomplicated
UTIs, in addition to analgesics for purely symptomatic treatment.

Conclusion:
This review identifies the pathophysiology of UTI, distinguish the intravaginal route
as an alternative to oral delivery route, summarizes the management of urinary tract infections and
highlights the anti-uropathogenic and anti-bactericidal effects of herbal approaches to prevent or
treat urinary tract infections.
Natural Polysaccharides Derived from Fruits and Mushrooms with
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
Authors: Singh Taranjit , Kaur Gagandeep , Singh Amandeep , Mathur Harshita , Sandal Pallavi , Singh Rajveer , Bhattacharya Arka 
Published: January 2024

:
A large class of substances known as polysaccharides have a wide range of advantageous
therapeutic and nutritional properties. Polysaccharides found in plants and plant components
are extracted for the use in treating a number of diseases. Since ancient times, these polysaccharides
have been utilized for human wellness. With no or minimal adverse effects, the polysaccharides
that were extracted and refined from the fruits exhibit strong antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
immunoregulatory, and hepatoprotective action. These fruit polysaccharides are
isolated and purified using numerous chromatographic methods. In this review, the polysaccharide
obtained from sources such as Rubus chingii, Mulberry, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lilium davidii,
Flammulina velutipes, Angelica sinesis, and Diospyros kaki have been discussed along with their
biological activities including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS free radical scavenging
assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and assay for oxygen free radical absorption capacity
(ORAC) listed in various studies.
Exploring the Efficacy of Herbal Medications in the Treatment of Parkinsonism: A Mini Review
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Chaudhary Ritik , Ashawat Mahendra Singh 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Over 10 million people worldwide are affected by the chronic neurodegenerative
condition of Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra area of the
brain are gradually lost as a result. Herbal medicine, which have its roots in ancient cultures, uses
medicinal herbs to treat illnesses and advance general health. There is considerable interest in researching
the possibilities of herbal medicine for treating neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's
disease because they are thought to be safer than synthetic medications.

Objective:
The objective of this article is to investigate the potential of herbal medications as a treatment
option for Parkinsonism, and to provide a clear understanding of the current state of research
on this topic.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on herbal treatments and components that have demonstrated promise
in Parkinson's disease in vitro and animal models. This information can be used to identify prospective
traditional medicine prescription therapies. New therapeutic treatments for Parkinson's disease
may result from further study of pharmaceutical components with well-established therapeutic
potential.
Chemistry, Isolation, and Pharmaceutical Applications of Inulin
Authors: Dangre Pankaj V. , Kotkar Kunal S. , Pimple Awadhut D. , Meshram Satish S. 
Published: January 2024

:
Inulin (IN) is a prebiotic oligosaccharide reported in diverse sources of nature. The major
sources encompass chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, onions, barley, garlic, rye, and wheat. The literature
also reported its promising biological activities, e.g., antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, immuneregulator
and prebiotic for improving intestinal function, regulation of blood lipids, and so on. IN’s
molecular flexibility, stabilization, and drug-targeting potential make it a unique polymer in pharmaceutical
sciences and biomedical engineering. Further, its nutritional value and diagnostic application
also widen its scope in food and medical sciences. The hydroxyl groups present in its structure offer
chemical modifications, which could benefit advanced drug delivery such as controlled and sustained
drug delivery, enhancement of bioavailability, cellular uptake, etc. This work reviews the isolation
and purification of IN. The study also provides glimpses of the chemistry, chemical modification, and
applications in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery.
Curcumin Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the MARCH1-mediated Modulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Su Jiaqi , Liu Xianbing , Zhao Xiaoyue , Ma Hongjie , Jiang Yuzhu , Wang Xu , Wang Peiyuan , Zhao Mingdong , Hu Xuemei 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Curcumin has been reported to have anti-hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) effects, but the underlying mechanism is not well known.

Objectives:
To investigate whether membrane-associated RING-CH 1 (MARCH1) is involved
in the curcumin-induced growth suppression in HCC and its underlying molecular mechanism.
A few recent patents for curcumin for cancer are also reviewed in this article.

Methods:
The effect of curcumin on growth inhibition of HCC cells was analyzed through in
vitro and in vivo experiments, and the expression levels of MARCH1, Bcl-2, VEGF, cyclin B1,
cyclin D1, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling molecules were measured in HCC cells and the xenograft
tumors in nude mice. Cell transfection with MARCH1 siRNAs or expression plasmid was
used to explore the role of MARCH1 in the curcumin-induced growth inhibition of HCC cells.

Results:
Curcumin inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle at
the G2/M phase in HCC cells with the decrease of Bcl-2, VEGF, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1 expression
as well as JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation, resulting in the growth suppression of
HCC cells. MARCH1 is highly expressed in HCC cells, and its expression was downregulated
after curcumin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The knockdown of MARCH1 by siRNA
decreased the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 and inhibited the growth of HCC
cells. In contrast, opposite results were observed when HCC cells overexpressed MARCH1. A
xenograft tumor model in nude mice also showed that curcumin downregulated MARCH1 expression
and decelerated the growth of transplanted HCC with the downregulation of
JAK2/STAT3 signaling and functional molecules. The ADC value of MRI analysis showed that
curcumin slowed down the progression of HCC.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that curcumin may inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3
signaling pathway by downregulating MARCH1 expression, resulting in the growth suppression
of HCC. MARCH1 may be a novel target of curcumin in HCC treatment.
Identification of Spatial Domains, Spatially Variable Genes, and Genetic Association Studies of Alzheimer Disease with an Autoencoder-based Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Cui Yaxuan , Wei Leyi , Wang Ruheng , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Transcriptional gene expressions and their corresponding spatial information
are critical for understanding the biological function, mutual regulation, and identification of various
cell types.

Materials and Methods:
Recently, several computational methods have been proposed for clustering
using spatial transcriptional expression. Although these algorithms have certain practicability, they
cannot utilize spatial information effectively and are highly sensitive to noise and outliers. In this
study, we propose ACSpot, an autoencoder-based fuzzy clustering algorithm, as a solution to tackle
these problems. Specifically, we employed a self-supervised autoencoder to reduce feature dimensionality,
mitigate nonlinear noise, and learn high-quality representations. Additionally, a commonly
used clustering method, Fuzzy c-means, is used to achieve improved clustering results. In particular,
we utilize spatial neighbor information to optimize the clustering process and to fine-tune each spot to
its associated cluster category using probabilistic and statistical methods.

Result and Discussion:
The comparative analysis on the 10x Visium human dorsolateral prefrontal
cortex (DLPFC) dataset demonstrates that ACSpot outperforms other clustering algorithms. Subsequently,
spatially variable genes were identified based on the clustering outcomes, revealing a striking
similarity between their spatial distribution and the subcluster spatial distribution from the clustering
results. Notably, these spatially variable genes include APP, PSEN1, APOE, SORL1, BIN1, and PICALM,
all of which are well-known Alzheimer's disease-associated genes.

Conclusion:
In addition, we applied our model to explore some potential Alzheimer's disease correlated
genes within the dataset and performed Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and gene-pathway
analyses for validation, illustrating the capability of our model to pinpoint genes linked to Alzheimer’s
disease.
Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Infection: A Review
Authors: Kumari Rosy , Arya Pooja , Yadav Surya Prakash , Mishra Ratish Chandra , Parkash Yadav Jaya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Monkeypox is a viral disease; its outbreak was recently declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization. For the first time, a monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected
patient was found in India. Various researchers back-to-back tried to find the solution to this
health emergency just after COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the current outbreak status of
India, its transmission, virulence factors, symptoms, treatment, and the preventive guidelines
generated by the Indian Health Ministry. We found that monkeypox virus (MPXV) disease is
different from smallpox, and the age group between 30-40 years old is more prone to MPXV
disease. We also found that, besides homosexuals, gays, bisexuals, and non-vegetarians, it also
affects normal straight men and women who have no history of travel. Close contact should be
avoided from rats, monkeys and sick people who are affected by monkeypox. To date, there are
no monkeypox drugs, but Tecovirimat is more effective than other drugs that are used for other
viral diseases like smallpox. Therefore, we need to develop an effective antiviral agent against
the virulence factor of MXPV.
A Comparison of the Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate between
Elderly Patients with Diabetes and those without Diabetes in Southwest
China
Authors: Yi Qing-Hua , Wang Hong-Liang , Hou Yun , Xu Lang , Tian Wei-Li , Zhang Yi-Xuan , Xu Yu-Shan , Shi Jia-Bin 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To investigate the effect of high blood glucose on the decline in the estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the elderly.

Methods:
We compared the decline in eGFR of diabetic and non-diabetic groups in the noninterventional
state and analyzed the effect of hyperglycemia on the decline in eGFR among the
elderly in a retrospective analysis of 1,223 cases of elderly people aged 65 years or older with a
4-year follow-up period.

Results:
The prevalence of diabetes in the elderly increased significantly from 12.67% in 2017
to 16.68% in 2021. The rate of decline in eGFR in patients with diabetes was higher than in the
population without diabetes, at 9.29% and 5.32%, respectively (both p <0.05).

Conclusion:
The results of this study revealed that the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly increased
significantly, and there is a more rapid decrease in the eGFR levels in those with diabetes
than those without diabetes.
Moroccan Antihypertensive Plants and their Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Amtaghri Smail , Slaoui Miloudia , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The use of herbal remedies, medicinal plants, and their derivatives for
the treatment and control of hypertension is well-known and widespread throughout Morocco.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to review the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant medicinal
plants of the Moroccan pharmacopeia.

Objective:
To date, no review on Moroccan medicinal plants exhibiting antihypertensive effects
has been performed, and their mechanism of action has not been specified. The objective
of this review was to collect, analyze, and critically assess published publications on experimental
and clinical research that explored the blood pressure-reducing abilities of Moroccan
medicinal plant extracts.

Materials and Methods:
This study collected, processed, and critically analyzed published studies
related to experimental and clinical research that investigated Moroccan herbal derivatives'
blood pressure-lowering abilities using a number of scientific databases, including ScienceDirect,
Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and others. Plantlist.org was used to validate the right
plant names.

Results:
The results revealed 22 species of Moroccan medicinal plants belonging to 13 different
groups with recognized antihypertensive properties. The species were abundant in a variety of
chemical elements. Asteraceae (08 species), Lamiaceae (3 species), Apiaceae (2 species), and 1
species each from the following families: Parmeliaceae, Fabaceae, Cistaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae,
Brassicaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Amaranthaceae, Rosaceae, and Lauraceae were
the most frequently mentioned families for their antihypertensive properties. The most used
parts were the leaves and the aerial parts. The two main methods of preparation among Moroccans
were decoction and infusion. This study demonstrated the known antihypertensive and
vasorelaxant properties of Moroccan medicinal plants in vivo and in vitro, as well as their
mechanisms of action. Interestingly, phytochemicals can operate on blood vessels directly via a
vasorelaxant impact involving a range of signaling cascades or indirectly by blocking or activating
multiple systems, such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), renin-angiotensin system
(RAS), or diuretic activity.

Conclusion:
The review of the available data reveals that more work needs to be done to examine
all the Moroccan medicinal plants that have been suggested as antihypertensive in published
ethnopharmacological surveys. A review of the literature in this area reveals that methodologies
of the experimental study need to be standardized, and purified molecules need to be studied. In
addition, mechanistic investigations, when they exist, are generally incomplete. In contrast, only
a few advanced clinical investigations have been conducted. However, all studies fail to determine
the efficacy/safety ratio.
An Intelligent Medical Q&A System based on Natural Language Processing
Authors: Tongke Fan 
Published: January 2024

Aim:
To improve the accuracy of Chinese word splitting.

Background:
With the development of Internet technology, people want to get some effective medical
information from the Internet, but there are still technical difficulties for non-specialists. At the
same time, the level of medical construction can not keep up with the demand of patients for medical
treatment, the phenomenon of doctor-patient conflicts has not been fundamentally solved, and the
problem of difficult consultation prevails. With the arrival of the era of big data and artificial intelligence,
medical Q&A has been applied.

Objective:
In order to meet the user's need to get the correct answer as soon as possible, medical
Q&A needs to have high execution efficiency. The accuracy of Chinese participle directly affects the
execution efficiency of Q&A. Improving the accuracy of Chinese participle can fundamentally improve
the accuracy of medical Q&A and shorten the answering time.

Methods:
Improvement of the Chinese Segmentation Algorithm based on BI-LSTM-CRF using natural
language processing technology. Based on the same medical Q&A dataset, the medical Q&A is
trained and tested under three commonly used segmentation algorithms and the segmentation algorithm
designed in this paper.

Results:
The experiments show that the Chinese Segmentation Algorithm studied in this paper improves
the accuracy of medical Q&A and can improve the execution efficiency of medical Q&A.

Conclusion:
Based on the calculation and matching process of the same similar answers, different
word-splitting methods directly affect the effect of medical Q&A in the later stage. The better the
effect of segmentation, the higher the accuracy of the correct answers in medical Q&A. The improved
LSTM-CRF split word accuracy designed in this paper achieves a good split word effect in
the training process. Compared with the HMM segmentation algorithm, which has the best segmentation
performance among the other three algorithms, the segmentation accuracy is improved, and
the accuracy of the Q&A that delivers the correct answers is relatively high. Despite the improved
accuracy in segmenting the medical dataset, the time complexity did not decrease much. The LSTMCRF
combined network segmentation algorithm designed in this paper performs better in medical
Q&A compared to other commonly used segmentation algorithms in terms of subject operating characteristics
and larger regions surrounded by coordinate axes.
Recent Patents on Artificial Muscle Actuators
Authors: Xu Chenhao , Xie Baocheng 
Published: January 2024

Background:
With the development of automation technology, various actuators are
widely used in fields such as robotics and biomedical equipment. However, traditional mechanical
actuators have some problems, such as poor movement flexibility and insufficient movement flexibility, because of the characteristics of the mechanical structure. As a new driving mode, artificial
muscle actuators can provide enough power and speed while remaining light and flexible, making
them highly adaptable in various applications. As a result, artificial muscle actuators are gaining
increasing attention.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the patents related to artificial muscle actuators and introduce their principles, classifications, latest progress, and future development.

Methods:
This paper reviews the current representative patents related to artificial muscle actuators, such as fluid pressure artificial muscle actuators, thermal deformation artificial muscle actuators, and electrical deformation artificial muscle actuators.

Conclusion:
The optimization of artificial muscle actuators is beneficial to make the output of artificial mechanical devices more stable and more convenient for human-machine combinations.
More related patents will be invented in the future.
Withania coagulans Dunal.: A Narrative Review of an Anti-diabetic Shrub
of the Desert Biome
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Mishra Shalini , Singh Shalini , Rana Maneesha , Arya Vedpriya , Mishra Rajesh , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting more than 300 million people worldwide.
Even after advances in medicine, we are still away from a permanent solution to this problem. Longterm
use of currently available treatments are associated with adverse effects ranging from cardiovascular
conditions, renal disorders, liver ailments, and weight gain. Subsequently, a significant diabetic
population seeks herbal medicines that are said to control blood sugar levels. Several plants
have been explored in this context; one such plant is Withania coagulans Dunal., which is known for
the hypoglycemic property due to its fruits. Different plant parts and bioactive components like withanolides
exhibited anti-diabetic activity in type 2 diabetes models in vivo and in vitro. However,
clinical studies are limited and more research is warranted. Bioactive composition of W. coagulans
include Withanolide J, F; Coagulin C, E, L; Ajugin E, Withaperuvin C and others. Bioavailability of
Withaferin A from W. coagulans was enhanced by co-administration of Piperine. Herbal quality
control and commercialization aspects are also highlighted. W. coagulans can be employed in managing
type 2 diabetes mellitus after detailed follow-up studies.
β-lactamase and Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants
Among Proteus spp. Isolates at a Tertiary-care Hospital in Kolkata, India
Authors: Mallick Abhi , Barik Mili , Sarkar Soma , Das Surojit 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Emerging antibiotic resistance (ABR) in Proteus spp., especially to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCc), carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, challenges the treatment outcome and infection prevention. Limited studies pose a knowledge gap between them and ABR.

Methods:
We investigated the in vitro efficacy of therapeutic options and prevalence of β-lac-tamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) traits in 3GC- and/or fluoroquino-lone-nonsusceptible Proteus (P.) spp. (n=27) in Kolkata, India, during 2021–2022. P. mirabilis was commonly isolated (>80%) from superficial and urine samples. The majority of the isolates (48-78%) remained susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, and cefepime.

Results:
All isolates showed >0.2 multiple-antibiotic resistance index, with >65% being multi-drug and >30% being extensively drug-resistant. blaTEM (n=9), blaNDM (n=9), and qnrA (n=6) were commonly noted with the co-production of β-lactamases and PMQR in ten (37%) isolates. More than 50% of the isolates were devoid of the tested acquired genes.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that superbugs dominate, with limited occurrence of plasmid-borne markers in this geographic location.