bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs assessment study of postgraduate surgical education in Sudan: Trainees perspective
Authors: Kheirelseid Elrasheid A. H. , Magzoub Reem , Ahmed Muhannad , Rudwan Abdulrahman A. , Awoda Mohamed S. M. , Cullen Walter 
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Global interest has increased in improving the quality and increasing the number of graduates from surgical training programmes in countries with limited resources. Needs assessment of stakeholders in the training programmes represent the backbone of such process. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical training in Sudan from trainees’ perspective in order to inform training delivery.

Methods
We adopted mixed methods design using focus group discussion for qualitative data collection and questionnaire survey for quantitative data. NVivo 20 Pro was used to organize qualitative data and SPSS 24.0 was used for quantitative data analysis.

Results
Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified three themes. Trainees were overall satisfied that they will make good surgeons after completion of the programme. They identified case volume and collaborations with colleagues as the main strengths of the programme and lacking clear objectives for each year of training and academic activities as the main weaknesses. They suggested motivation of trainers and utilization of online resources and meeting platforms as solutions to improve supervision and academic activities during training.

Conclusion
The gaps in training and their suggested solutions highlighted by trainees in this study should form the base for reforming the surgical training in Sudan and countries with similar circumstances.
An exploratory survey about using ChatGPT in education, healthcare, and research
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Gao Catherine A. , Liebovitz David M. , Carvalho Alexandre M. , Ahmad Faraz S. , Luo Yuan , MacDonald Ngan , Holmes Kristi L. , Kho Abel 
Published: October 2023

Objective
ChatGPT is the first large language model (LLM) to reach a large, mainstream audience. Its rapid adoption and exploration by the population at large has sparked a wide range of discussions regarding its acceptable and optimal integration in different areas. In a hybrid (virtual and in-person) panel discussion event, we examined various perspectives regarding the use of ChatGPT in education, research, and healthcare.

Materials and methods
We surveyed in-person and online attendees using an audience interaction platform (Slido). We quantitatively analyzed received responses on questions about the use of ChatGPT in various contexts. We compared pairwise categorical groups with a Fisher’s Exact. Furthermore, we used qualitative methods to analyze and code discussions.

Results
We received 420 responses from an estimated 844 participants (response rate 49.7%). Only 40% of the audience had tried ChatGPT. More trainees had tried ChatGPT compared with faculty. Those who had used ChatGPT were more interested in using it in a wider range of contexts going forwards. Of the three discussed contexts, the greatest uncertainty was shown about using ChatGPT in education. Pros and cons were raised during discussion for the use of this technology in education, research, and healthcare.

Discussion
There was a range of perspectives around the uses of ChatGPT in education, research, and healthcare, with still much uncertainty around its acceptability and optimal uses. There were different perspectives from respondents of different roles (trainee vs faculty vs staff). More discussion is needed to explore perceptions around the use of LLMs such as ChatGPT in vital sectors such as education, healthcare and research. Given involved risks and unforeseen challenges, taking a thoughtful and measured approach in adoption would reduce the likelihood of harm.
Comparative analysis of disease modelling for health economic evaluations of systemic therapies in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zou Huimin , Xue Yan , Chen Xianwen , Lai Yunfeng , Yao Dongning , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Hu Hao 
Published: October 2023

Background
The objective of this study was to systematically analyse methodological and structural assumptions utilised in model-based health economic evaluations of systemic advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapies, discuss the existing challenges, and develop methodological recommendations for future models in advanced HCC.

Methods
We performed literature searches using five databases (Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Econlit, and CNKI) up to December 4, 2022. Technology appraisals from Canada, England, Australia, and the United States were also considered. Model-based full economic evaluations of systemic advanced HCC therapies in English or Chinese met the eligibility criteria. The reporting quality was assessed by using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 checklist.

Results
Of 12,863 records retrieved, 55 were eligible for inclusion. Markov model (n = 29, 53%) and partitioned survival model (n = 27, 49%) were the most commonly used modelling techniques. Most studies were based on health-state-driven structure (n = 51, 93%), followed by treatment-line-driven structure (n = 2, 4%) and combination structure (n = 1, 2%). Only three studies (5%) adopted external real-world data to extrapolate the overall survival or calibrate the extrapolation. Few studies reported the assumptions of transition probabilities. Utility modelling approaches were state-based (n = 51, 93%) and time-to-death (n = 1, 2%). Only 13 studies (24%) reported five types of model validation. Economic evaluation results of specific treatment strategies varied among studies.

Conclusions
Disease modelling for health economic evaluations of systemic therapies in advanced HCC has adopted various modelling approaches and assumptions, leading to marked uncertainties in results. By proposing methodological recommendations, we suggest that future model-based studies for health economic evaluation of HCC therapies should follow good modelling practice guidelines and improve modelling methods to generate reliable health and economic evidence.
Trends in dental expenditures in Japan with a universal health insurance system
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Fukai Kakuhiro , Kunori Yuki , Yoshioka Eiji , Saijo Yasuaki 
Published: October 2023

Background
The government of Japan has spent a significant amount on dental healthcare, but it remains unknown how the spending varies across age, type of service, and time. This study describes trends in dental expenditures in Japan.

Methods
This descriptive study used two national data sources: Estimates of National Medical Care Expenditure and Survey on Economic Conditions in Health Care. We obtained annual total and average per capita dental expenditures by age in Japan from 1984 to 2020 and estimated the proportions of types of service from 1996 to 2021. All costs were adjusted for the 2020 Consumer Price Index (1 US dollar ≈ 100 yen in 2020).

Results
Total dental expenditures increased from 1.96 trillion yen in 1984 to 3.00 trillion yen in 2020. In particular, total and average per capita dental spending for older persons showed a rapid increase (total: from 185 billion yen in 1984 to 1.18 trillion yen in 2020; average per capita: from 15,500 yen in 1984 to 32,800 yen in 2020), contributing to the total amount increase. The crown restoration and prosthesis category amounted to 50.3% of the total expenditure in 1996, and this proportion declined to 32.4% by 2021. In 0–14 years persons, expenses on the crown restoration and prosthesis category decreased while the medical management category (mainly including fees for a management plan for oral diseases or oral functions) increased. In persons aged 65 years or older, expenses on the crown restoration and prosthesis category decreased, with increasing expenses in the medical management and at-home treatment categories.

Conclusion
The amount of dental spending in Japan substantially increased from 1.96 trillion yen in 1984 to 3.00 trillion yen in 2020), a 1.53-fold increase. The observed changes in annual dental spending varied across age groups and types of service.
“We lost a lot, but something good came out of it too:” Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental wellbeing of British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities
Authors: Iqbal Halima , Lockyer Bridget , Iqbal Syka , Dickerson Josie 
Published: October 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions caused major disruption globally, shedding light on the unprecedented strain upon the mental health and wellbeing of individuals around the world. Poor mental health in the pandemic is reported to be greater in women, with mothers being at increased risk. It is unclear whether there are differences in the impact of mental wellbeing on some ethnic groups over others. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, two years on from the first lockdown.

Methods
Qualitative interviews with women were conducted via telephone using a semi-structured topic guide. The sample included 25 British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities, both English and non-English speaking. Women lived in households that ranged in number and included extended family. Key themes were determined using thematic analysis.

Results
Results were grouped under three themes. These were (1) Community, cultural and religious contributors to poor mental wellbeing, (2) religious and cultural mediators of mental distress, and (3) perceived positive impact on lifestyle. British Muslim Pakistani women were psychologically distressed by the high rates of virus transmission and deaths in their communities and at the prospect of older members of their extended family developing the virus. The impact of restrictions on fundamental religious and cultural interactions further exacerbated poor mental wellbeing in this population. Religion, community social capital and larger household structures were all effective coping strategies for British Muslim Pakistani women. Positive impacts of the pandemic included becoming closer to family and faith, and increased work/life harmony.

Conclusions
An exploration of religious and cultural coping mechanisms should be used to inform future national pandemic preparedness plans, as well as effective strategies for building and maintaining social capital. This may increase adherence to physical distancing and other protective behaviours in populations.
Use of Peroral Pancreatoscopy in the Diagnosis of Elusive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm With High-Grade Dysplasia
Authors: Sarita Mabel Angela T. , Sakai Arata , Tsujimae Masahiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Masuda Atsuhiro , Kanzawa Maki , Toyama Hirochika , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a premalignant lesion of the pancreas that can occasionally manifest as recurrent acute pancreatitis. In this report, we discuss a unique case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with recurrent acute pancreatitis of an unknown cause for several years. Workup using peroral pancreatoscopy eventually showed main-duct IPMN with high-grade dysplasia as the obscure cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. This case report highlights the clinical course of main-duct IPMN and the evolving role of peroral pancreatoscopy in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis.
Crop leaf disease detection for beans using ensembled-convolutional neural networks
Authors: Sahu Priyanka , Chug Anuradha , Singh Amit Prakash 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Crops’ health is affected by a varied range of diseases. Convenient and precise diagnosis plays a substantial role in preventing the loss of crop quality. In the past decade, deep learning (DL), particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has presented extraordinary performance for diverse applications involving crop disease (CD) detection. In this study, a comparison is drawn for the three pre-trained state-of-art architectures, namely, EfficientNet B0, ResNet50, and VGG19. An ensembled CNN has also been generated from the mentioned CNNs, and its performance has been evaluated over the original coloured, grey-scale, and segmented dataset. K-means clustering has been applied with six clusters to generate the segmented dataset. The dataset is categorized into three classes (two diseased and one healthy class) of bean crop leaves images. The model performance has been assessed by employing statistical analysis relying on the accuracy, recall, F1-score, precision, and confusion matrix. The results have shown that the performance of ensembled CNNs’ has been better than the individual pre-trained DL models. The ensembling of CNNs gave an F1-score of 0.95, 0.93, and 0.97 for coloured, grey-scale, and segmented datasets, respectively. The predicted classification accuracy is measured as: 0.946, 0.938, and 0.971 for coloured, grey-scale, and segmented datasets, respectively. It is observed that the ensembling of CNNs performed better than the individual pre-trained CNNs.
Extremely and very preterm children who were born appropriate for gestational age show no differences in cortisol concentrations or diurnal rhythms compared to full-term children
Authors: Dominguez-Menendez Gonzalo , Poggi Helena , Ochoa-Molina Fernanda , D’Apremont Ivonne , Moore Rosario , Allende Fidel , Solari Sandra , Martinez-Aguayo Alejandro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare the diurnal variations in cortisol and cortisone concentrations in serum and saliva among extremely preterm (EPT), very preterm (VPT), and full-term (FT) children, all born appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Methods
EPT, VPT, and FT children, all born AGA, were recruited from two healthcare centers. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations in serum and saliva were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC‒MS). Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests.

Results
A total of 101 children (5.0–8.9 years old) were included in this study: EPT=18, VPT=43 and FT=40. All groups had similar distributions in terms of age, birth weight standard deviation score (SDS) and BMI (SDS), showing no differences in serum ACTH, cortisol, or cortisone levels. Additionally, salivary cortisol and cortisone concentrations decreased significantly throughout the day (p-values<0.0001). Salivary cortisol concentrations were below the limit of detection (0.55 nmol/L) before dinner and before bedtime in approximately one-third and two-thirds of all children, respectively. Salivary cortisone was detectable in all but one sample.

Conclusions
The diurnal cortisol rhythm was preserved in all preterm children, regardless of their gestational age, and no differences in cortisol concentrations among the groups were found. This may have significant implications for the clinical management and follow-up of preterm individuals.
A non-dominated discrete differential evolution for fuel loading pattern optimization of a nuclear research reactor
Authors: Do Quang Binh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed description of a new variant of differential evolution for nuclear reactor refueling optimization problem. This variant combines the elitism strategy with a discrete differential evolution. The elitism strategy allows non-dominated solutions found during the search and stored in the archive to participate in the differential evolution operation. The population size is the same as the archive size, and the number of non-dominated solutions participating in the search at a particular generation is controlled by a specific probability. The proposed method is successfully applied to a nuclear research reactor for its first refueling time to search for optimal loading patterns that both maximize the effective multiplication k
eff and minimize the power peaking factor PPF of the reactor. The optimal loading patterns can significantly improve the operational time and safety of the reactor compared to the loading pattern used in practice.
Green synthesis of strontium oxide nanoparticles and strontium based nanocomposites prepared by plant extract: a critical review
Authors: Din Muhammad Imran , Rehman Sania , Hussain Zaib , Khalid Rida 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, strontium oxide nanoparticles (SrO NPs) have become the center of attention due to potential features and promising applications. The physicochemical approaches possess many limitations including extreme experimental conditions, highly complex instruments and use of hazardous chemicals. An eco-friendly and sustainable approach from biogenic sources for formation of SrO NPs is an emerging trend nowadays to effectively replace conventional approaches. This review study all those aspects that facilitate the reader for understanding all biogenic approaches of SrO NPs for their use in different applications with less toxicity issues. In this study, firstly we discuss in detail about plant and other biogenic assemblies based on the synthesis of SrO NPs after which parameters affecting the synthesis of SrO NPs are discussed and finally excellent biomedical applications of SrO NPs along with mechanism are summarized. The literature also showed that green synthesized SrO NPs are highly biocompatible in nature and showed excellent anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-fungal potential. Hence, this study will provide an understanding to researchers about recent trends for the formation of SrO NPs through different biogenic assemblies and their potential biomedical applications.
Digitalization and Labor Restructuring
Authors: Fuchs Martina , Cumbers Andrew 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This editorial shows how the digital economy continuously reshapes work and employment. Based on a literature review, it illustrates that digitalization frequently implies job loss, de-skilling and measures to restrict co-determination and participation of labor. However, digitalization also offers opportunities for managers, employees and unions to create new work tasks and conditions for skilled work. After showing major trends of digitalization in the last decades, the editorial illustrates recent research fields in economic geography.
Influencia de la cultura organizacional y las habilidades gerenciales en la calidad del servicio: un análisis crítico de los conflictos en asociaciones de profesores cesantes y jubilados
Authors: Chenet Zuta Manuel Enrique , Lalaleo-Analuisa Freddy Rodolfo , Hurtado Tiza David Raúl 
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La percepción inicial sobre las asociaciones de profesores cesantes y jubilados en la región Junín, Perú, sugiere una expectativa de comunicación eficaz y colaboración, dados los altos niveles de educación y experiencia de sus miembros. Sin embargo, la realidad muestra una situación contraria caracterizada por conflictos internos y politiquería, afectando la calidad del servicio a los afiliados. Objetivos: La investigación busca determinar cómo la cultura organizacional y las habilidades gerenciales de los directivos influyen en la calidad del servicio proporcionado por estas asociaciones, desde la perspectiva de sus afiliados. Metodología: Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, aplicada, con un alcance explicativo y un diseño no experimental correlacional causal múltiple. La muestra consistió en 354 afiliados estratificadamente seleccionados de las tres asociaciones en la región, y se utilizó cuestionarios de encuesta para la recolección de datos, validados con un coeficiente de confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach superior a .80. Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que el 51.6% de la calidad del servicio es explicada por la cultura organizacional y las habilidades gerenciales, con un nivel de significancia menor a .05, R2 = .516 y tc (19.326) > tt (1.96). Se obtuvieron valores altos en una escala de 1 a 4, siendo 2.51 para cultura organizacional, 2.58 para habilidades gerenciales y 2.58 para calidad del servicio. Conclusiones: Para mitigar los conflictos identificados, se recomienda la ejecución de un proceso de cambio organizacional basado en la investigación-acción, un programa de sensibilización e integración de equipos, y una auditoría a las funciones de las oficinas de recursos humanos, con el fin de mejorar la cultura organizativa y, por ende, la calidad del servicio ofrecido a los afiliados.
Development of a Creep Mechanical Frame Setting Based on Arcan Test
Authors: Loiseau Marthe , Chataigner Sylvain , Créac’hcadec Romain , Lepretre Emilie , Court Jean-Philippe , Quéméré Marie-Odette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Structural adhesive bonding has several advantages compared to other assembly techniques such as welding and riveting. Yet, creep is an important long-term phenomenon that needs to be considered for the design of such joints. To investigate this aspect, experimental investigations are needed at the scale of the adhesive layer. At such a scale, Arcan setting presents several advantages compared to other existing tests (analysis of different loads, limited edge effects) and was thus chosen for the development of an experimental approach aiming at providing creep characterization of adhesive layers. A mechanically operated testing machine was thus developed and is presented herein. To measure local strains of the adhesive layer, two linear variable differential transformer sensors are fixed on a support placed on the beaks of the Arcan sample according to two directions: normal and tangential to the bonded surface. The developed system (mechanical system and strain measurement) proved to be successful in investigating the creep behavior of adhesive layers while varying several parameters (load levels, type of load, temperature, adhesive thickness).
Experimental Approach for Clarifying Initiation and Growth Behaviors of Internal Fatigue Cracks Using Synchrotron Radiation Multiscale X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Xue Gaoge , Kon Yuma , Fujimura Nao , Yamazaki Takuya , Tonozaki Nobuyuki , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Uesugi Kentaro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) phenomenon has been recognized and extensively studied in the past quarter century. One of the most peculiar and noticeable characteristics of VHCF is the transition of the origin site from the surface to the interior of the material in long-life regimes over 107 cycles. In particular, in high-strength metals, a tiny site can become an origin of internal fatigue cracks, such as nonmetallic inclusions of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers in high-strength steels and crystal grains of several tens of micrometers in titanium alloys. However, such small cracks are difficult to detect using conventional nondestructive approaches, such as industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonic CT. Given this background, we have attempted to use a synchrotron radiation multiscale X-ray CT provided by SPring-8 in Japan. This system comprises a projection CT (micro-CT) with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 μm and a phase-contrast imaging CT (nano-CT) with a spatial resolution of approximately 200 nm or higher. The present study introduces our experimental approach to clarify internal fatigue crack behaviors using the multiscale X-ray CT with in situ fatigue testing. First, the principle of material selection focusing on the VHCF study is explained with the details of the materials used: (α+β) type Ti-6Al-4V, β type Ti-22V-4Al, and 17-4 precipitation-hardened martensite stainless steel. Afterward, the outline and primary performance of the multiscale X-ray CT are described. Subsequently, important points in conducting accurate in situ fatigue tests are discussed from the viewpoints of the development policies of the testing system and preparation of the special thin specimen for CT imaging. Finally, the multiscale X-ray CT is conducted for the above materials, and the initiation and growth behaviors of the internal fatigue cracks are compared and discussed for an in-depth understanding of the VHCF phenomenon.