bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved cross‐interactions in Drosophila and Xenopus between Ras/MAPK signaling and the dual‐specificity phosphatase MKP3
Authors: Gómez Ana Ruiz , López‐Varea Ana , Molnar Cristina , de la Calle‐Mustienes Elisa , Ruiz‐Gómez Mar , Gómez‐Skarmeta José Luis , de Celis Jose F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) is a key transducer of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathways, and its function is required in multiple processes during animal development. The activity of ERK depends on the phosphorylation state of conserved threonine and tyrosine residues, and this state is regulated by different kinases and phosphatases. A family of phosphatases with specificity toward both threonine and tyrosine residues in ERK (dual‐specificity phosphatases) play a conserved role in its dephosphorylation and consequent inactivation. Here, we characterize the function of the dual‐specificity phosphatase MKP3 in Drosophila EGFR and Xenopus FGFR signaling. The function of MKP3 is required during Drosophila wing vein formation and Xenopus anteroposterior neural patterning. We find that the expression of the MKP3 gene is localized in places of high EGFR and FGFR signaling. Furthermore, this restricted expression depends on ERK function both in Drosophila and Xenopus, suggesting that MKP3 constitutes a conserved negative feedback loop on the activity of the Ras/ERK signaling pathway. Developmental Dynamics 232:695–708, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila gene tazman, an orthologue of the yeast exosome component Rrp44p/Dis3, is differentially expressed during development
Authors: Cairrão Fátima , Arraiano Cecília , Newbury Sarah 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe major 3′–5′ pathway of RNA degradation in eukaryotic cells involves the exosome, which is a multi‐protein complex of exoribonucleases. The exoribonucleases within this complex are highly conserved and are closely related to prokaryotic ribonucleases. We have identified and characterised the expression pattern of Drosophila tazman (taz), a component of the exosome which is closely related to Escherichia coli RNaseR and yeast Rrp44p. The tazman transcripts are differentially expressed during development, with maximum expression levels in 6–8 hr embryos. In situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation experiments show that tazman transcripts and protein are maternally derived, and are expressed ubiquitously throughout the embryo, with high levels in germ band and head structures. Differential expression of TAZ is likely to reflect changes in the activity of the 3′–5′ mRNA turnover pathway which could have a major impact of the expression of target RNAs. Developmental Dynamics 232:733–737, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intimate relationships with their neighbors: Tales of stem cells in Drosophila reproductive systems
Authors: Xie Ting , Kawase Eihachiro , Kirilly Daniel , Wong Marco D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractStem cells have the unique potential to self‐renew and to supply differentiated cells that replenish lost cells throughout an organism's lifetime. This unique property makes stem cells powerful therapeutic tools for future regenerative medicine. However, the molecular mechanisms of stem cell regulation are still poorly understood in many stem cell systems. Stem cell function has been shown recently to be controlled by concerted actions of extrinsic signals from its regulatory niche and intrinsic factors inside the stem cell. Stem cells in the Drosophila reproductive systems provide excellent models to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying stem cell regulation, including the relationships between stem cells and their niches. Within the past few years, much progress in understanding stem cells in Drosophila has been made, and the knowledge gained from studying these stem cells greatly advances our understanding of stem cells in other systems, including humans. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and describe future challenges in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell self‐renewal, division, and differentiation in the Drosophila reproductive systems. Developmental Dynamics 232:775–790, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New global optimization algorithm via dynamic control
Authors: Shimizu Kiyotaka , Suzaki Kosuke 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a new algorithm for the unconstrained optimization problem, which is derived as an application of the control theory called Direct Gradient Descent Control. The static optimization problem is solved by using a dynamic controller in which the convergence speed can be greatly accelerated. The major idea is to consider the objective functionF(x) and its time derivativedF(x(t))/dtas the evaluation criteria, and to apply the gradient descent method. It is verified by simulation that the proposed dynamic mathematical programming has a very great capability to converge to the optimal solution. It is also interesting to note that the method has to a certain extent the ability to find not only local optimal solutions, but also global optimal solutions. This paper improves the basic algorithm of dynamic mathematical programming so that it is suited to global optimization. The new algorithm generates movement toward the global optimal solution by utilizing two different trajectories with interaction (the chaotic trajectory and convergence trajectory). It is verified by simulation that the new algorithm functions as a global optimization procedure with a high success probability. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(6): 20–27, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20094
Design and implementation of 3D interface for digital city
Authors: Ito Hideaki , Teh Siewling , Nakanishi Hideyuki , Hagawa Toshihide 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have developed virtual space software as a 3D interface for the digital city. This software is intended to construct a new community in cyberspace in which several hundreds of agents with human appearance and several dozens of avatars interact by using video and voice in a virtual space with the same structure as the real world. Among these purposes, the virtual space is realized by reading the structural data (written in VRML) of the space, which has the same structure as a real city, into the 3D communication tool. The realism and ease of operation of the avatars and agents are improved by implementing walking with an animation technique, natural avoidance of others while walking in a crowded area, and reproduction of the spatial sound field in utterances. Hitherto, a high‐performance computer has been assumed in realizing a 3D space with such sophisticated functions. However, the digital city should be designed so the general public can access it easily from the home computing environment. It is also desirable that the space can be shared simultaneously by as many persons as possible. For this purpose, the computer performance requirements and the network bandwidth for the interface should be kept as low as possible. In order to solve these problems, we developed an efficient sound field generation technique for a multiuser environment and implemented the system in the virtual space. Evaluations show that the proposed technique is effective in reducing the computer resources expended in virtual space software. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(6): 60–68, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20172
Evaluation of the Lactic Acid Consumption in Yeast Cultures by Voltammetric Means
Authors: Rodrigues A. , Bento M. F. , Geraldo M. D. , Cássio F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe voltammetric study of the lactic acid reduction was performed in media suitable for yeast growth, using platinum microelectrodes. The decrease of the voltammetric peak current from square‐wave voltammetry, ΔIp, in cultures of the yeasts Candida utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was related to both the growth time and cellular biomass. Either the imposed variations of medium composition or those resulting from cellular growth did not significantly affect the ΔIp values. For both yeast species, similar specific growth rates were estimated from the variation of Ip and absorbance at 640 nm.
RM2 antigen (β1,4‐GalNAc‐disialyl‐Lc4) as a new marker for prostate cancer
Authors: Saito Seiichi , Egawa Shin , Endoh Mareyuki , Ueno Seiji , Ito Akihiro , Numahata Kenji , Satoh Makoto , Kuwao Sadahito , Baba Shiro , Hakomori Senitiroh , Arai Yoichi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAlthough prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used for early detection of prostate cancer, PSA has problems with specificity and prediction of pathological stage. Therefore, a new marker for prostate cancer is urgently required. We examined expression of a novel carbohydrate antigen, β1,4‐GalNAc‐disialyl‐Lc4, defined by the monoclonal antibody RM2, in prostate cancer using 75 cases of radical prostatectomy specimens. RM2 immunoreactivity was negative to weak in all benign glands, and weak to moderate in high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In prostatic adenocarcinoma, RM2 immunoreactivity was negative to weak (lower expression) in 20 cases, and moderate to strong (higher expression) in 55 cases. A clear difference of RM2 expression level was observed between Gleason patterns 3 and ≥4. Higher expression of RM2 antigen was significantly associated with primary Gleason pattern ≥4, high Gleason score (≥8), larger tumor volume and advanced tumor stage. Furthermore, 5‐year PSA failure‐free survival was significantly lower in the higher expression group. However, no significant relationship was observed between RM2 expression level and preoperative serum PSA. Western blot analysis in prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and LNCap revealed that major 49‐kDa and minor 39‐kDa glycoproteins were common to both cells, but there was an increase of 59‐ and 125‐kDa glycoproteins unique to LNCap and an increase of 88‐ and 98‐kDa glycoproteins unique to PC3. RM2 antigen is a new histological marker for prostate cancer that may reflect the Gleason grading system. Identification of the glycoproteins carrying the RM2 antigen will provide new insights into the properties of prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoking and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Case‐control study in Italy
Authors: Talamini Renato , Polesel Jerry , Montella Maurizio , Maso Luigino Dal , Crispo Anna , Spina Michele , Franceschi Silvia , Crovatto Marina , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTobacco smoking is a well‐documented risk factor for several cancers, but the role of cigarette smoking in the etiology of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is inadequately understood. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with NHL, but the interaction between HCV and smoking habits has not yet been studied. Between 1999 and 2002, we conducted a case‐control study on the association of HCV, smoking habits and NHL in 2 areas of northern and southern Italy. Cases were 225 consecutive patients (median age, 59 years) with a new diagnosis of NHL that were admitted to reference and general hospitals. Controls were 504 patients (median age, 63 years) admitted to the same hospitals as cases, for a wide spectrum of acute, nonneoplastic, nonimmune‐, nor tobacco‐related conditions. Current, heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes/day) had an odds ratio (OR) of NHL of 2.10 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07–4.12) compared to never smokers. The association between smoking and NHL was consistent across strata of sex and age. Compared to never smokers, current smokers of ≥20 cigarettes/day had ORs of 1.14 (95% CI: 0.37–3.56) for B‐cell‐low‐grade, 2.10 (95% CI: 0.94–4.67) for B‐cell‐intermediate and high‐grade, and 25.84 (95% CI: 1.95–342.17) for T‐cell NHL. The effect of tobacco smoking and HCV were independent on the relative risk, leading a 4‐fold elevated risk in current smokers HCV positive subjects. Tobacco smoking and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been associated to non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but the interaction between HCV and smoking habits has not yet been studied. Our study confirms that tobacco is related to NHL, and reports on the combined effect of tobacco smoking and HCV. Infection acted together according to a multiplicative model, leading to a 4‐fold elevated risk in current smokers HCV positive subjects. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toenail selenium and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality in Haimen City, China
Authors: Sakoda Lori C. , Graubard Barry I. , Evans Alison A. , London W. Thomas , Lin Wen‐Yao , Shen Fu‐Min , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSelenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral with known anticarcinogenic properties in humans. However, few studies have examined the association between Se nutrient status and risk of liver cancer. We conducted a nested case‐control study comparing the Se content in toenail clippings of 166 individuals (154 men, 12 women) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to 394 healthy controls (360 men, 34 women) in Haimen City, China, where HCC is a leading cause of mortality. Toenail Se concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy. Median toenail Se was lower for HCC cases than controls (p = 0.03). Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for HCC mortality by increasing quartile of toenail Se were 1.00 (reference), 0.58 (0.32–1.03), 0.83 (0.48–1.42) and 0.50 (0.28–0.90), with a marginally significant trend in risk observed (p for trend = 0.06). This inverse association appeared stronger among those who did not consume alcohol and among women. Future studies are needed to examine the interrelationship between Se, viral hepatitis infection and HCC in order to better understand the etiologic mechanisms involved and evaluate the true chemopreventive potential of Se compounds for liver diseases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining optimal dose of laser therapy for attachment and proliferation of human oral fibroblasts cultured on titanium implant material
Authors: Khadra Maawan , Lyngstadaas Ståle P. , Haanæs Hans R. , Mustafa Kamal 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of single or multiple doses of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in a standardized, reproducible in vitro model. Titanium discs were randomly allotted to one of three groups: group I served as a control, group II was exposed to a single laser dose of 3 J/cm2, and the three subgroups in group III were exposed to laser doses of 0.75, 1.5, and 3 J/cm2. To examine the possible thermal effects of laser exposure on the cell culture, the temperature in the Petri dish was measured for every dose used, before and during irradiation. For attachment assays, groups II and III were exposed to laser irradiation and then seeded onto titanium discs. In group III, the exposures were repeated after 3 and 6 h. Cells were cultured for 6 and 24 h and stained with Hoechst and Propidium. Attached cells were counted under a light microscope. To investigate the effect of LLLT on cell proliferation after 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days, cells were cultured on titanium discs for 24 h and then exposed to laser irradiation for 1 day and 3 consecutive days, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by counting cells under the microscope and by a cell proliferation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system. No increase of temperature of the cell cultures occurred before or during laser exposure at any of the doses tested. Both single and multiple doses of LLLT significantly enhanced cellular attachment (p < 0.05). The proliferation assays showed higher cell proliferation (p < 0.05) in group III at doses of 1.5 and 3 J/cm2 after 72 h and 7 days, with agreement between staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. It is concluded that, in this cellular model, the attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts are enhanced by LLLT in a dose‐dependent manner. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 55–62, 2005
Isomorphism criterion for monomial graphs
Authors: Dmytrenko Vasyl , Lazebnik Felix , Viglione Raymond 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLet q be a prime power, 𝔽q be the field of q elements, and k, m be positive integers. A bipartite graph G = Gq(k, m) is defined as follows. The vertex set of G is a union of two copies P and L of two‐dimensional vector spaces over 𝔽q, with two vertices (p1, p2) ∈ P and [ l1, l2] ∈ L being adjacent if and only if p2 + l2 = pl. We prove that graphs Gq(k, m) and Gq′(k′, m′) are isomorphic if and only if q = q′ and {gcd (k, q − 1), gcd (m, q − 1)} = {gcd (k′, q − 1),gcd (m′, q − 1)} as multisets. The proof is based on counting the number of complete bipartite INFgraphs in the graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 322–328, 2005
Mechanistic comparison of blood undergoing laser photocoagulation at 532 and 1,064 nm
Authors: Black John F. , Wade Norman , Barton Jennifer Kehlet 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe seek to compare and contrast the mechanisms of blood photocoagulation under 532 and 1,064 nm laser irradiation in vitro in order to better understand the in vivo observations. We also seek to validate a finite element model (FEM) developed to study the thermodynamics of coagulation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe study the photocoagulation of whole blood in vitro at 532 and 1,064 nm using time‐domain spectroscopic and optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐based imaging techniques. We model the coagulation using an FEM program that includes the latent heat of vaporization (LHV) of water, consideration of the pulse shape of the laser, and the bathochromic shift in the hemoglobin absorption spectrum.ResultsWe find significant similarities in the spectroscopic, chemical, and structural changes occurring in hemoglobin and in the blood matrix during photocoagulation despite the very large difference in the absorption coefficients. The more uniform temperature profile developed by the deeper‐penetrating 1,064 nm laser allows us to resolve the structural phase transition in the red blood cells (going from biconcave disc to spherocyte) and the chemical transition creating met‐hemoglobin. We find that the RBC morphology transition happens first, and that the met‐Hb transition happens at a much higher temperature ( > 90°C) than is found in slow bath heating. The FEM analysis with the LHV constraint and bathochromic shift predicts accurately the imaging results in both cases, and can be used to show that at 1,064 nm there is the potential for a runaway increase in absorption during the laser pulse.ConclusionsPhotothermally mediated processes dominate the in vitro coagulation dynamics in both regimes despite the difference in absorption coefficients. There is a significant risk under 1,064 nm irradiation of vascular lesions in vivo that the dynamic optical properties of blood will cause runaway absorption and heating. This may in turn explain some recent results at this wavelength where full‐thickness burns resulted from laser treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:155–165, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CO2 laser‐resurfacing: Increased risk of side effects after uv‐exposure—an experimental animal study
Authors: Hedelund Lene , Haedersdal Merete , Egekvist Henrik , Heidenheim Michael , Hans Christian Wulf , Poulsen Thomas 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCarbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing is primarily performed on photodamaged facial skin where patients are further exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) postoperatively. We examined whether pre‐ and postoperative UVR influences the development of CO2 laser‐induced side effects.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHairless mice (n = 211) were treated with a Sharplan CO2 laser with FeatherTouch scanner. Simulated solar irradiation was administered either preoperatively or pre‐ and postoperatively. Skin end‐points (wounds, texture changes, and pigmentary changes) were evaluated blinded by clinical evaluations, skin reflectance spectroscopy, and histological examinations.ResultsPre‐ and postoperative UVR exposed mice obtained higher clinical scores of wounds (P < 0.02) and texture changes (P < 0.01) and developed more heavy fibrosis than mice treated with laser but no UVR. UVR exposure after CO2 laser treatment induced significant hyperpigmentation compared to unexposed control mice (P < 0.003), whereas CO2 laser treatment itself did not induce pigmentary changes.ConclusionsUVR increases in an animal model the occurrence of postoperative side effects from CO2 laser resurfacing. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:79–84, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of hypobaric pressure on human skin: Feasibility study for port wine stain laser therapy (Part I)
Authors: Aguilar Guillermo , Svaasand Lars O. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSince the development of laser‐induced photothermolysis for the therapy of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, clinical results have shown that dark purple lesions usually respond well to the first three to five treatments. However, for most PWS, complete blanching is never achieved, and the lesion stabilizes at a red–pink color. The aim of this feasibility study is to demonstrate that with the aid of a local vacuum applied to the lesion site prior to laser exposure, photocoagulation of the smaller PWS blood vessels may be successfully achieved.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSuction cups were designed to fit onto the hand pieces of commercial laser devices used for PWS laser therapy. One subject with normal skin and another with PWS skin were recruited for this study. Laser pulses of various fluences were applied at atmospheric pressure or shortly after (5–15 seconds) hypobaric pressures (17–51 kPa) were placed as test sites on the forearm of both subjects. The laser‐induced purpura at the test sites was documented over the course of 1 week on both subjects and the resulting PWS blanching was optically quantified by visible reflectance spectrometry 7 months after therapy.ResultsFor the subject with normal skin, the laser fluence needed with hypobaric pressure (51 kPa) to induce similar purpura intensity to that observed with atmospheric pressure was approximately 35% lower. For PWS skin, all suction application times (5–15 seconds) and hypobaric pressures (17–51 kPa) resulted in more intense purpura and the PWS blanching 7 months after treatment was clinically significant for test sites treated with hypobaric pressures ranging from 17 to 34 kPa.ConclusionsThe temporary and controlled dilation of the targeted blood vessels achieved with a local vacuum can significantly reduce the “small‐vessel‐limitation” in the treatment of PWS without increasing the risk of epidermal damage. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:124–129, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.