bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐DNA tagging of a pathogen inducible promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Custers Jerome H. H. V. , Melchers Leo S. , Tigelaar Henk , Bade Jacob B. , Spiegeler Jennifer J. M. , Van Der Meijs Pieter J. , Simons Bert H. , Stuiver Maarten H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryMany events associated with the plant defence responses are regulated on the transcriptional level. Here we report the results of a promoter tagging approach to identify promoters that are induced upon pathogen attack in Arabidopsis thaliana. A line was identified in a T‐DNA UidA tagged Arabidopsis library with induced GUS expression after Botrytis cinerea infection around the site of fungal infection. The upstream sequence was isolated and fused to the UidA gene and tested in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus plants. Promoter function was very similar to the expression pattern found in the original promoter tagged line. We found that the promoter sequence was located on Arabidopsis chromosome III and linked to a predicted open reading frame in the reverse orientation. The predicted gene codes for a putative receptor serine threonine protein kinase of 383 amino acids in size. The clone contains a protein kinase ATP binding region, a protein kinase active site, a region with similarity to motifs found in Alpha Isopropylmalate/homocitrate synthase enzymes and a putative leucine zipper motif. Analysis of the expression pattern of the gene using RT‐PCR demonstrated that the putative receptor serine threonine protein kinase is up‐regulated after Salicylic acid treatment and Botrytis infection.
Erwinia chrysanthemi genes specifically induced during infection in chicory leaves
Authors: Aguilar Isabel , Poza‐Carrión César , Guío Ana , Rodríguez‐Palenzuela Pablo 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTwelve Erwinia chrysanthemi genes specifically up‐regulated during infection in chicory leaves have been identified using GUS reporter gene fusions. According to sequence comparisons with GenBank databases, the possible functions of the identified genes included: virulence, adaptation to apoplast environment, chemotaxis, transposition, regulation, and metabolic functions. The level of gene up‐regulation in planta was measured, and ranged from 1.39 to 47.11 times that found in liquid culture. This technique has been proven to be useful in the identification of bacterial up‐regulated genes in plant–microbe interactions.
The use of DNA microarrays for the developmental expression analysis of cDNAs from the oesophageal gland cell region ofHeterodera glycines
Authors: De Boer Jan M. , Mcdermott Jeff P. , Wang Xiaohong , Maier Tom , Qui Fang , Hussey Richard S. , Davis Eric L. , J. Baum Thomas 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA microarray was printed containing cDNAs from a library made from cytoplasm microaspirated from the oesophageal gland cell region of parasitic stages of the soybean cyst nematode,Heterodera glycines. The array contained both previously described clones (Wanget al.Mol. Plant‐Microbe Interact.2001,14, 536–544) and uncharacterized cDNAs. Fluorescent probes for array hybridization were prepared using RNA polymerase amplification of nematode mRNA. Developmental expression profiles of the arrayed cDNAs were determined by hybridizing the microarray with probes from parasitic and non‐parasiticH. glycineslife stages. Distinct patterns of developmental expression were ascertained for the previously described gland expressed genes. In addition, fourH. glycinescDNAs (SCN1018, SCN1020, SCN1028 and SCN1167) were identified that showed up‐regulation in one or more parasitic life stages. Clone SCN1018 encodes a C‐type lectin domain and is expressed in the hypodermis of females. Clone SCN1020 encodes a probable S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase. Clone SCN1028 encodes a piwi protein with high similarity to the germ‐line‐specific protein R06C7.1 ofCaenorhabditis elegans. The sequence of SCN1167 had no similarity to known genes. This paper describes the first use of cDNA microarrays to analyse genes of a plant‐parasitic nematode and establishes a functional method to mine nematode cDNA libraries.
Turnip mosaic virusand the quest for durable resistance
Authors: Walsh John A. , Jenner Carol E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTaxonomy:Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) is a member of the genusPotyvirus(type speciesPotato virus Y) in the familyPotyviridae. To date, TuMV is the only potyvirus known to infect brassicas. There are potyvirus isolates that appear serologically similar to TuMV when tested with polyclonal antisera that do not readily infect brassicas (Lesemann and Vetten, 1985). Physical properties:Virions are ≈ 720 × 15–20 nm flexuous rods (Fig. 1) and are composed of 95% coat protein (CP) and 5% RNA.Electron micrograph of TuMV virions stained with methylamine tungstate. Courtesy of Colin Clay, HRI Wellesbourne.image Hosts:TuMV has been isolated from a wide range of crop and weed plant species. It is known to infect at least 318 species in over 43 dicot families, includingCruciferae,Compositae,Chenopodiaceae,LeguminosaeandCaryophyllaceaeand is also known to infect monocots. It has the broadest known host range in terms of plant genera and families of any potyvirus. Transmission:Aphid transmitted in the non‐persistent manner, by at least 89 species, includingMyzus persicaeandBrevicoryne brassicae. Useful website:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/57010072.htm
Localization of hrpA‐induced Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in infected tomato leaves
Authors: Boureau Tristan , Routtu Jarkko , Roine Elina , Taira Suvi , Romantschuk Martin 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato is the causative agent of bacterial speck of tomato. The key virulence determinant of P. syringae is the hrp gene cluster, which encodes a type III secretion system. The type III system is used by a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria for transporting virulence proteins from the bacteria directly into the eukaryotic host cell. Hrp pilus, which is composed of HrpA pilin subunits, is an indispensable component of the type III secretion system in P. syringae. Here we have determined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of hrpA of P. syringae DC3000 in intact leaves, using a HrpA‐GFP protein fusion and confocal microscopy. The hrpA gene was strongly and rapidly induced inside the leaf tissues after infiltration of the bacteria. After spray‐inoculation, hrpA‐induced bacteria were detected endophytically 72 h post‐inoculation, and 96 h after spray‐inoculation, disease symptoms appeared and GFP‐expressing bacteria were observed at symptom sites, both endo‐ and epiphytically. Live/dead staining of the bacteria showed that Pst DC3000 does not survive well on leaf surfaces. Apoplastic populations were apparently bursting on to the leaf surface through stomata. Kinetics of population sizes of wild‐type DC3000 and hrpA− showed significant differences, initially endophytically and only later epiphytically. Our results suggest that the Hrp pilus is first induced in the apoplast and apparently functions mainly inside the leaf tissues. These results suggest that P. syringae DC3000 mainly multiplies endophytically.
Potato leafroll virus: a classic pathogen shows some new tricks
Authors: Taliansky Michael , Mayo Mike A. , Barker Hugh 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYTaxonomy: PLRV is the type species of the genus Polerovirus, in the family Luteoviridae. Isolates are known from most continents, presumably all spread in potato material derived from the Andean region of South America. Physical properties: PLRV particles are isometric and c. 25 nm in diameter. They contain one major (c. 23 kDa) and one minor (c. 80 kDa) protein. The genome is a single 5.8 kb positive sense RNA that has neither a 5′‐cap nor 3′ poly(A) but carries a VPg. Host range: PLRV has a limited host range; about 20 largely solanaceous species have been infected experimentally. PLRV is a common pathogen of potato, and closely related isolates are occasionally found in tomato, but no other crops are affected. Symptoms:  Infection, especially from infected seed potato stocks, causes leafrolling and stunting, the extent depending on the potato cultivar. Biological properties: The biology of PLRV is that of a classic luteovirus. Its isometric particles are persistently transmitted by aphids in a non‐propagative manner, it multiplies largely in phloem tissue and disease symptoms reflect this localization. A decade or so of molecular study has revealed the many features of PLRV that are characteristic of its family. Key attractions: In recent years some interesting features of PLRV have emerged that are the focus of further investigation. These are, its phloem confinement, its movement in infected plants, its ability to suppress gene silencing and new ideas about the structure of its particles. This review describes the background to PLRV and points towards these new developments.
Information management in a District Health Authority*
Authors: PORTER CHRISTINE 
Published: March 2003

Drawing on the author's MA thesis on information management in a District Health Authority,1 the current library and information services (LIS) in the Northallerton Health District are analyzed and evaluated, indicating the problems of providing a service at District level without the back‐up of a formal Regional network in Yorkshire, and developing parallel LIS for different professional groups within a Health District.The trend, reflected both in recent developments in the National Health Service (NHS) and in the literature on Health Services Information, towards integrating documentary and statistical information in a Health District is discussed and a blueprint is given indicating how all information resources may be combined into a Health Authority Library and Information System (HALIS). The importance of planning services to take account of the needs of all NHS staff is emphasized.
Promoting library resources in Age Concern day centres
Authors: SPEAK MARGARET 
Published: March 2003

In this report, an experiment to test the effectiveness of library resources with frail elderly people is described. Four day centres run by Age Concern Leicester were selected: two which cater for mentally frail clients, one for physically frail but mentally active people, and one for those with a mental handicap.A series of group sessions using library resources was run by the librarian in each centre, and the results observed.Frail elderly people were found to be a potentially enthusiastic group of library users, with a special need for assistance in gaining access to resources. Guidelines for librarians planning similar sessions to promote their stock are presented.
International cooperation in Africa—problems and achievements
Authors: Shaw Jean , Petrak Jelka , AKHIGBE FUNMI 
Published: March 2003

The prohibitive cost of communication, lack of basic infrastructure, inadequate access to health literature and drastic reductions in subscriptions to health sciences journals have hindered the effective utilization of information in Africa. The result has been an inability to keep abreast of health research, even when it is conducted on the African continent or even at country level. Thus, health professionals have been forced to plan without facts and figures, to make decisions based upon out‐dated information or no information at all.This not withstanding, there have been some achievements. Efforts are being made by health information professionals to break down the barriers and build bridges to improve health information access and dissemination.The efforts made by the AHILA (Association for Health Information and Libraries in Africa) and its partners, through cooperative and supportive activities in enhancing access to health information, are discussed.
The information needs and information seeking behaviour of family doctors: a selective literature review
Authors: Bryant Sue Lacey 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGeneral practitioners play a central role in primary care. Clinical Governance and advances in Information and Communications Technology dominate the agenda for change. The aim of this literature review is to indicate publications that have made a significant contribution to understanding of the information wants, needs, behaviour and preferences of family physicians and to identify areas in which there is scope for further research. Concentrating on material published in the 1990s, this review looks at the information needs of family doctors and at their information seeking behaviour. Work on the needs of General Medical Practices and of Primary Care Groups is included. The review discusses studies of information gatekeepers and projects intended to augment access to information services. A few texts are recommended as essential reading.
Ki67 expression in lichen sclerosus of vulva in patients with and without associated squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Scurry  , Beshay  , Cohen  , Allen  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo investigate the malignant potential of lichen sclerosus, a study using the cell proliferation marker Ki67 comparing lichen sclerosus with and without associated squamous cell carcinoma was performed.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded slides of 13 cases of lichen sclerosus with associated carcinoma, and 31 cases without associated carcinoma, including 16 random cases, seven with epidermal thickening and eight with epidermal thinning, were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique for Ki67, a cell proliferation marker. Ki67 reactivity was mostly seen in the basal and parabasal cells in both groups of lichen sclerosus and this pattern was similar to normal skin, squamous cell hyperplasia and analogous to that of one form of squamous cell carcinoma. There was a mean of 50 Ki67 positive cells per 100 basal cells in lichen sclerosus with associated squamous cell carcinoma; however, in squamous cell hyperplasia adjacent to carcinoma this rose to 90 Ki67 positive cells per 100 basal cells. In lichen sclerosus without associated carcinoma, the random cases had a count of 53 per 100 basal cells, those with epidermal thickening 53 and those with thinning 42. Non‐genital normal skin had a count of 71 per 100 basal cells.ConclusionThe lack of qualitative differences of Ki67 expression in normal skin, in lichen sclerosus with and without carcinoma, in squamous cell hyperplasia and in one form of squamous cell carcinoma indicates that these conditions share a common localized pattern of cell proliferation and does not support or deny the malignant potential of lichen sclerosus. The higher Ki67 count in squamous cell hyperplasia adjacent to carcinoma could indicate premalignancy or a reaction to the carcinoma. In patients without carcinoma, the higher Ki67 count in thickened lichen sclerosus compared to thinned suggests that some or all of the cases of thickened lichen sclerosus were lichen sclerosus with squamous cell hyperplasia or that lichen simplex chronicus superimposed on lichen sclerosus has a higher Ki67 expression or that the distinction between squamous cell hyperplasia and lichen simplex chronicus is only one of terminology.
Familial mediterranean fever and acute myocardial infarction secondary to coronary vasculitis
Authors: Serrano R , Martínez M A , Andrés A , Morales J M , Samartin R 
Published: March 2003

AimsWe report a case study to elucidate the pathogenesis of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) type vasculitis, a rare complication of familial mediterranean fever (FMF).Methods and resultsA woman with amyloidosis complicating FMF underwent a cadaveric renal transplantation and 5 years later suffered an acute myocardial infarction secondary to an isolated coronary vasculitis.ConclusionsThe histopathological findings of the vasculitis were not in keeping with PAN. We postulated that the pathogenesis of vasculitis in FMF is different from that of the classic PAN and might be similar to the mechanism of the serosal inflammation.
Immunohistochemical assessment of p170 provides prognostic information in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Bonatz  , Lüttes  , Hamann  , Mettler  , Jonat  , Parwaresch  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo determine the significance of proliferative activity (PA) in endometrial carcinomas, we analysed the expression of cell cycle‐related antigens in routinely processed tissue.Methods and resultsSerial sections of 164 endometrial carcinoma specimens were immunostained with the monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) Ki‐S4 (specificity for p170) and Ki‐S5 (specificity for p320/350). The Ki‐S4 PA (median value 18.3%) and Ki‐S5 PA (median value 25.0%) in endometrial carcinomas showed a significant correlation (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). A significantly lower median value of Ki‐S4 and Ki‐S5 immunoreactivity was ascertained in endometrial carcinomas stage I vs. > I (P < 0.05), in tumours with myometrial invasion ≤ 50% vs. > 50% (P < 0.03), and in grade 1 vs. grade 2 and 3 tumours (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that age, FIGO stage and grade, histopathological subtype, myometrial invasion, Ki‐S4 and Ki‐S5 PA provided prognostic information on the adjusted overall survival, whereas FIGO stage (P = 0.002) and Ki‐S4 PA (P = 0.008) were independent prognosticators for adjusted overall survival in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe association with established prognosticators for endometrial carcinomas, and the results of uni‐ and multivariate analysis indicates that the additional evaluation of Ki‐S4 PA is useful for classifying patients into subgroups with low and high risk of relapse which might help individualizing the therapeutic strategy in endometrial cancer patients.
Primary CD30‐positive cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas and lymphomatoid papulosis frequently express cytotoxic proteins
Authors: Boulland  , Wechsler  , Bagot  , Pulford  , Kanavaros  , Gaulard  
Published: March 2003

AimsTo analyse the relationship between expression of cytotoxic proteins, histopathology and the CD30 status in primary cutaneous T‐cell disorders, we investigated the expression of TIA‐1, granzyme B and perforin in CD30 negative and CD30 positive cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LP).Methods and resultsWe studied 26 cases of CTCL and 12 cases of LP for the expression of TIA‐1, granzyme B and perforin which are granule‐associated proteins of cytotoxic lymphocytes involved in the mechanism of apoptosis. We showed that most cases (10/13) of CD30 negative pleomorphic lymphomas expressed cytotoxic proteins only in scattered, apparently reactive lymphocytes, the exception being one CD8+ CTCL and two γδ subcutaneous ‘panniculitis‐like’ T‐cell lymphomas. We also showed that at least one cytotoxic protein was expressed in a proportion of neoplastic cells in 77% (10/13) of CD30+ T‐cell lymphomas (3/4 pleomorphic and 7/9 anaplastic) and in a proportion of atypical cells in 75% (9/12) of LP.ConclusionsOur findings show a strong correlation between the CD30 phenotype and the expression of cytotoxic proteins in primary CTCL. In addition, these results provide further evidence for an overlap between lymphomatoid papulosis and cutaneous CD30+ pleomorphic and anaplastic lymphomas. These entities, which belong to the spectrum of CD30 positive cutaneous T‐cell lymphoproliferations, appear to be derived from cytotoxic cells.
Malignant angiomyolipoma of the liver: a hitherto unreported variant
Authors: Dalle  , Sciot  , De Vos  , Aerts  , Van Damme  , Desmet  , Roskams  
Published: March 2003

AimsAfter their original recognition in the kidney, angiomyolipomas (AMLs) have been reported in the liver for more than 20 years. In the kidney, five cases of malignant AML have been reported. We report the first case of malignant hepatic AML.Methods and resultsA 70‐year‐old female patient presented with abdominal discomfort. Clinical examination revealed a palpable liver. CT scan showed a polymorphous hypervascular lesion in the right liver lobe. A biopsy was taken and resulted initially in a differential diagnosis between a hepatocellular carcinoma, a metastatic tumour (possibly of renal origin) and angiomyolipoma (AML). After immunohistochemistry, a hepatic AML was suggested, given the immunoreactivity for HMB45/NKIC‐3. The mass was resected 5 years later because of relapsing abscess formation. Gross examination of the resection specimen showed a focally encapsulated brown mass with focal necrosis. Microscopic examination showed a tumour growing in sheets, separated by sinusoidal‐like vessels. Most of the tumour cells had a large, polygonal, clear cytoplasm, often with eosinophilic condensation around the nucleus. There was prominent vascular invasion. Immunohistochemistry (reactivity for HMB‐45, NKIC‐3, S100 and alpha smooth muscle actin, negativity for cytokeratin and vimentin) and electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of monomorphic epithelioid AML with prominent vascular invasion. Seven months after tumour resection, the patient died of recurrent disease.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in diagnosing this type of tumour. Possibly, in the past, malignant AML of the liver has been misdiagnosed as HCC.
A reassessment of primary thyroid lymphoma: high‐grade MALT‐type lymphoma as a distinct subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Skacel M , Ross C W , Hsi E D 
Published: March 2003

AimsPrimary lymphoma of the thyroid gland (PTL) is a relatively rare disease. During an 18‐year period, 53 cases of primary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma involving this extranodal site were seen at our institutions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the spectrum of PTLs using current lymphoma classification concepts and immunocytochemical markers, determine whether features of MALT‐type lymphoma were evident in PTL, and if there was any clinical significance of such a finding.Methods and resultsThe cases were retrospectively studied clinically, histologically and immunohistochemically. The tumours were classified according to the Revised European–American Lymphoma Classification of lymphoid malignancies (REAL classification). Thirty‐eight patients were females, 15 were males and mean age at diagnosis was 66.3 years (range 38–90). Three cases were low‐grade marginal zone lymphomas (low‐grade MALT‐type lymphomas). There were 45 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) of which there were 27 DLBCL‐NOS and 18 high‐grade MALT‐type lymphomas. Within the diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) category, cases were subdivided into those without (DLBCL‐NOS) and those with features of ‘high‐grade’ MALT‐type lymphoma based on presence of a low‐grade component or large cell lymphoepithelial lesions (HG MALT‐type lymphoma). In addition there were three follicle centre lymphomas, one anaplastic large cell lymphoma and one peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. Twenty cases were stage IE, 18 stage IIE, and four stage IV. All patients with low‐grade MALT‐type lymphoma are alive without disease. The 5‐year survivals for DLBCL‐NOS and HG MALT‐type lymphoma were 75% and 25%, respectively. Univariate analysis (log rank) among the DLBCLs showed stage (P < 0.001) and subtype (P = 0.005) were associated with survival. Stage was associated with type of DLBCL, 65% of DLBCL‐NOS being stage IE compared to 20% of HG MALT‐type lymphomas.ConclusionsWe conclude that primary thyroid lymphomas occur most commonly in elderly women and are frequently present in clinical stage IE and IIE. Low‐grade MALT‐type lymphomas are relatively uncommon but appear to have a favourable prognosis. DLBCL is the most common lymphoma and features of MALT can be seen in over one‐third of cases. As a group, HG MALT‐type lymphomas had a worse outcome than DLBCL‐NOS, primarily due to higher clinical stage at diagnosis. These two subtypes of DLBCL appear to be distinct clinical and histological entities.