bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of International Fragmentation
Authors: Kohler Wilhelm 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe paper uses a specific‐factors framework to address efficiency and distributional implications of international fragmentation which is driven by a low foreign wage rate. Focusing on the cost‐savings linkage between fragmentation and labor demand in the remaining domestic activities, the author establishes a fragmentation surplus. If capital is an indivisible asset specific to the fragment produced abroad, then fragmentation may cause a domestic welfare loss, because outsourcing takes place in discrete steps where it affords firms “quasi‐market‐power” on the domestic labor market. The regime shift from domestic production to fragmentation is modeled as a two‐stage game. In stage one, firms locate indivisible assets at home or abroad; in stage two they choose optimal employment. The share of fragmented firms is endogenously determined. The paper explores conditions under which outsourcing is beneficial for the domestic economy.
Two Dimensions of Convergence: National and International Wage Adjustment Effects of Cross‐border Outsourcing in Europe
Authors: Egger Peter , Pfaffermayr Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe paper proposes a distinction between the two dimensions of convergence—within and between countries—when analyzing the impact of cross‐border outsourcing on real wage rates in the EU‐15 and the CEEC. In the CEEC, international outsourcing has not affected the adjustment of average real wage rates at the manufacturing industry level, but it has led to a closure of the gap within a typical EU economy. Between‐country convergence is likewise fostered by cross‐border outsourcing, supporting the hypothesis that outsourcing facilitates international factor price equalization.
“Export Experience” under Borrowing Constraints
Authors: Jafarey Saqib , Lahiri Sajal 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe paper develops a two‐period, two‐country, multigood model with endogenous investment. Borrowing is subject to quantitative restrictions. The authors examine the effect of promoting exports in period 1 on the level of exports in period 2. They consider a number of scenarios depending on how the initial values of the policy instruments are determined, and compare the “export‐experience” effects under the different scenarios.
Fluid systems and mineralization in the north German and Polish basin
Authors: Schmidt Mumm A. , Wolfgramm M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe North European Basin hosts mineral deposits like the Kupferschiefer and the Mississippi Valley Type deposits in the Silesian sub‐basin in Poland. The basement to this basin, exposed in the Harz Mts and in the Flechtingen and Calvörde Blocks, contains Mesozoic Pb–Zn vein mineralization and barite–fluorite deposits as well as massive hematite veins in the Rotliegend volcanics. A comparison of the mineralizing models of these deposits with results from a basin‐wide petrographic, fluid inclusion and stable isotope study shows that the genesis of the mineral deposits can be explained by fluid systems that were active during different stages of basin evolution. These comprise syn‐ to post‐magmatic fluids derived from or mobilized in the course of the Rotliegend magmatism, fluids convecting in the Rotliegend units during the extensional basin subsidence in the Permo‐Triassic and originating from progressive devolatilization of the basin sequence and fluids derived from the overlying Zechstein evaporites. Deep‐reaching fault systems developing during the Cretaceous tectonic reactivation enhanced fluid percolation from the surface to the deep sections of the basin sequence. Identification and correlation of these fluids across the basin and in the mineralizations provide the base for a basin‐wide metallogenetic model.
The Ixtacamaxtitlán kaolinite deposit and sinter (Puebla State, Mexico): a magmatic‐hydrothermal system telescoped by a shallow paleoaquifer
Authors: Tritlla J. , Camprubí A. , Morales‐Ramírez J. M. , Iriondo A. , Corona‐Esquivel R. , González‐Partida E. , Levresse G. , Carrillo‐Chávez A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Ixtacamaxtitlán hydrothermal deposit is made up of a succession, from bottom to top, of: (1) a porphyritic subvolcanic body, crosscut by quartz veins, and a stockwork with subordinate sulfides (pyrite and chalcopyrite), showing propylitic alteration haloes overprinting a previous potassic alteration event (biotitization); (2) an overlying, kaolinized lithic‐rich rhyolitic tuff; and (3) a layered opal deposit with preserved sedimentary structures. This vertical zonation, coupled with the distribution of the alteration assemblages, lead us to the interpretation of the whole as a porphyry‐type deposit grading upwards to a barren, steam‐heated, acid‐leached, kaolinite blanket with a partially preserved silica sinter on top. Both the fluid inclusion study carried out on the veins and stockwork, and the stable isotopic analyses of the kaolinized bodies, suggest the presence of two major hydrothermal events. The older event is characterized by the occurrence of hot hypersaline fluids (up to 320°C and 36 wt% NaCl equivalents), likely of magmatic origin, closely associated with the emplacement of the underlying early Miocene porphyry‐type deposit. The later event is characterized by the presence of cooler and dilute fluids (up to 140°C and 4 wt% NaCl equivalents) and by advanced argillic alteration close to the paleosurface. The calculated isotopic composition of water in equilibrium with the kaolinitic sequence plots close to and underneath the meteoric water line, partially overlapping the Los Humeros present‐day geothermal fluids. This evidence coupled with the petrographic observations suggests that steam‐heated phreatic waters altered the lithic‐rich rhyolitic tuff. This would have occurred when acid vapors, exsolved from deeper hydrothermal fluids by boiling, reached the local paleowater table and condensed, after a sector collapse that changed the system from lithostatic to hydrostatic conditions.
American youth consumption of licit and illicit substances
Authors: Lee Yoon G. , Abdel‐Ghany Mohamed 
Published: October 2004

AbstractUsing a representative sample of the 2001 National School‐based Youth Risk Behavior Survey, this study investigated the contemporaneous and intertemporal relationship between the use of licit and illicit substances by American youth between the ages 12 and 18. The results indicated a strong contemporaneous relationship between smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, smoking marijuana, and using cocaine. The results supported the gateway hypothesis indicating that prior smoking of cigarettes is significantly associated with the probability of current marijuana and cocaine use, as prior drinking of alcohol is significantly associated with the probability of current marijuana and cocaine use. The results also showed that males had a higher probability of using cocaine than females, whereas black students had a higher probability of smoking marijuana and using cocaine than white students. Age and race were associated with marijuana and cocaine use, but cocaine use was further linked with the factors of gender, region, and metropolitan area. These findings could have implications for public policies regarding prevention.
Should cryopreserved epididymal or testicular sperm be recovered from obstructive azoospermic men for ICSI?
Authors: Griffiths M. , Kennedy C.R. , Rai J. , Wilson L. , Blacklock A.R.E. , Keay S.D. 
Published: October 2004

Objective  To determine the effect of the anatomical site of sperm recovery on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo implantation, pregnancy and live birth rates in couples with isolated obstructive azoospermia as the sole cause of infertility.Design  Controlled, single centre, retrospective clinical study.Setting  University Hospital, Centre for Reproductive Medicine.Sample  One hundred and fifty‐one cycles of ICSI were performed, using surgically recovered sperm, between August 1996 and March 2002.Methods  The outcome of ICSI, with surgically recovered sperm, was compared between epididymal (Group E) and testicular (Group T) derived sperm. Inclusion was limited to couples undergoing their first treatment cycle, where female age was ≤39 years and a minimum of five oocytes were available for injection. Women with a history of ovarian surgery, ultrasonic evidence of polycystic ovaries, uterine anomalies or hydrosalpinx were excluded.Main outcome measures  Clinical pregnancy, implantation and live birth rate.Results  Forty‐two of 151 cycles met the strict inclusion criteria. Groups E and T were comparable with respect to age, basal serum FSH, ovarian response; number of oocytes injected and number of embryos available and transferred. No difference existed between Groups E and T in implantation, clinical pregnancy or live birth rate (28.8%vs 25.8%, 42.9%vs 42.9% and 39.3%vs 42.9%, respectively).Conclusions  Cryopreserved epididymal and testicular sperm, from men with obstructive azoospermia, appear equally effective in ICSI. Epididymal recovery should remain the method of first choice for obstructive azoospermic men but further study of sperm DNA damage rates in different testicular sites is required.
Low dose recombinant FSH treatment may reduce multiple gestations caused by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination
Authors: Papageorgiou Theocharis C. , Guibert Juliette , Savale Michèle , Goffinet François , Fournier Charles , Merlet Françoise , Janssens Yvette , Zorn Jean‐René 
Published: October 2004

Objective  To evaluate the rate of multiple pregnancies in intrauterine insemination cycles stimulated with a minimal dose of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rec‐FSH).Design  Retrospective study.Setting  University Medical Center.Population  A total of 1256 patients underwent 3219 consequent intrauterine insemination cycles with minimal ovarian stimulation.Methods  Patients received 50 or 75 IU of rec‐FSH from day four to day seven. The dose was adjusted according to oestradiol (E2) levels in order to achieve a maximum of two follicles on the day of hCG administration.Main outcome measures  Peak E2 levels, the number of follicles >15 mm and pregnancy rates were calculated. The predictive value of E2 levels for multiple gestations was also estimated.Results  Of 3219 cycles, 334 resulted in pregnancies (10%). Of these, 238 (91%) were singletons, 28 (8%) twins and 1 (0.3%) was a triplet. The cumulative overall pregnancy rate was 43%. Patients over 40 years old had a significantly lower pregnancy rate per cycle and overall live birth rate (P < 0.05). Most pregnancies (83%) occurred during the first three cycles. Pregnancy rates per cycle varied from 8% for tubal factor to 14% for anovulation infertility.Conclusions  Minimal FSH stimulation in intrauterine insemination cycles may reduce the rates of twins and high order multiple pregnancies without affecting overall pregnancy rates.
A survey of the attitudes of infertile and parous women towards the availability of assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Heikkilä Katri , Länsimies Esko , Hippeläinen Maritta , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: October 2004

Objective  The aim of the study was to assess differences in attitudes towards aspects of assisted reproduction technology between infertile and parous women.Design  Case‐control study.Setting  University‐based tertiary care clinic.Population/Sample  Three hundred and ninety‐two women with fertility problems and 200 parous controls.Methods  A questionnaire was sent out to 392 the members of Childless Support Association and 200 parous women who had at least three infants and had given birth at Kuopio University Hospital. The questionnaire consisted of 46 questions: demographic information, fertility history, different aspects of assisted reproduction technology and prioritisation issues.Main outcome measures  Attitudes towards assisted reproduction technology.Results  The overall response rate was 46%. Infertile women were highly educated (P < 0.01) and had lower parity (mean 0.83 vs 4.76, P < 0.01) than parous women. We recorded four major differences in attitudes between the two groups (OR >2 or <0.5) including provision of infertility treatment to lesbian (46.9%vs 16.7%) and homosexual couples (28.4%vs 11.4%), the opportunity for homosexual couples to use surrogate mothers (30.6%vs 15.2%) and limitations in the number of infertility treatment cycles (28.4%vs 61.4%). For 11 questions, we recorded minor, but statistically significant, differences. In the prioritisation questions, the women set the order according to their own interests, probably because the women were at fertile age and they had or would like to have a child. Maternity services and screening for cancer in women (Papanicolaou's test and mammography) were at the top of the list.Conclusion  These results reflect a split attitude that was influenced by the wish of infertile women to help childless couples and to be able to recruit suitable sperm/oocyte donors. Parous women were motivated by their concern for children's rights.
Beyond the Understanding of Visual Culture: A Pragmatist Approach to Aesthetic Education
Authors: Aguirre Imanol 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn the recent decades art education has tried to move away from the trends based on practical skills and techniques towards a greater stress on interpreting and understanding visual culture, created by the mass media. This approach implies a revision of the field of study and a redefinition of goals, replacing the study of art with a study of ‘visual culture’, a concept that better describes the daily environment of students and which reorientates art education towards social and cultural awareness. In this article, starting from Dewey's conception of art as experience, a theoretical framework is offered based on three ideas. Firstly, the subject of art education involves aesthetic experience, which includes both ‘high’ art and popular culture. Secondly, it is necessary to reconstruct the balance between understanding and production in art education, in order to consider art products as narratives, stories or comments about life experiences. Thirdly, to review the educational function of art education in order to determinate its value for social reconstruction and for which Rorty calls ‘self‐creation’.
Building a Creative Ecosystem – The Young Designers on Location Project
Authors: Davies Dan , Howe Alan , Haywood Susan 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis article reports on findings from a research project designed to explore ways in which creativity can be fostered through interactions between selected children, particular environments, materials, techniques and key adults. The Young Designers on Location (YDoL) project was funded by the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA), and brought together selected groups of 11 year‐olds with ‘design‐related professionals’ (DRPs) to work together intensively for a week in two locations (Bath Spa University College and Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Shropshire) then subsequently in participants' schools. The findings from case studies of selected individuals within the Bath location include key messages about the quality of environment and relationships in unlocking children's creativity. The study has exemplified aspects of Harrington's model of a ‘creative ecosystem’ [1].
The Importance of Painting in Pedagogic Practice
Authors: Jarvis Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this paper I emphasise the continuing importance of painting as a critical art practice. Contemporary art has always, naturally, reflected the development and exploration of new technologies and our current postmodern era is no different. However, despite our obsession with, and increasing reliance on, computer and filmbased technologies, it is interesting that traditional methods of making art remain a valid means of expression.One reason for the continuing persistence of painting can be located in the early years' classroom. In its very physical guise of constructing a world through materials, painting continues to be relevant to children and adults of all ages. Furthermore, because of its expressive potential in the classroom and studio alike, painting retains an authentic voice, legitimated by the past, rather than hidebound by its traditions. Painting constitutes a living discourse which speaks directly and unequivocally to the present age.
Antioxidant Activity of Porcelainberry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata(Maxim.) Trautv.)
Authors: Wu Ming-Jiuan , Yen Jui-Hung , Wang Lisu , Weng Ching-Yi 
Published: October 2004

The stem and root of Porcelainberry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv.) (AB) was traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic and anti-hepatotoxic agent in folk medicine. In this study, cell-free and cell culture systems were employed to investigate the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of AB (MEAB). The cell-free system showed that the MEAB exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant activities against linoleic acid peroxidation and plasmid DNA oxidation. We also demonstrated that the MEAB possessed strong reducing power and scavenging effects of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH free radicals. The harmful effects of reactive oxygen metabolites on HepG2 cells and the possible antioxidant effects of the MEAB were also investigated. Pretreatment or cotreatment of HepG2 cells with the MEAB could significantly protect cells from H 2 O 2-induced oxidative stress. This implies that the antioxidant effects in cell culture may result from the direct interaction between the MEAB and exogenous oxidant sources, as these occur in cell free systems, as well as from the induction of cellular stress gene expression. The antioxidant activity of the MEAB may partially explain its anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatotoxic effects.
The terrestrial breeding biology of the ranid rock frog Nannophrys ceylonensis
Authors: Wickramasinghe  , Wassersug  , Oseen  , Kotagama  
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Nannophrys ceylonensis (Ranidae) is a terrestrial breeding anuran, found on wet vertical or near-vertical rock surfaces. Non-breeding adult males and females take refuge in separate crevices in the rock surfaces during the day and emerge at night to forage. Males can be polygynous; mating takes place inside crevices. Fathers exhibit paternal care for multiple clutches of eggs and guard eggs from predators. Paternal care of this species is obligatory; hatching success decreases without it. Females do not contribute to parental care. Males show nest site fidelity and defend territories against conspecifics. A scarcity of suitable nest sites may limit reproductive success in N. ceylonensis. Larvae hatch at Gosner stages 21-22 and leave their nests at stages 24-25 to live as truly terrestrial tadpoles, foraging on the rock surfaces near their natal nests.
Behavioral evidence for intraspecific signaling with achromatic and polarized light by cuttlefish (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
Authors: Shashar Nadav , Vaughan Katrina , Loew Ellis , Boal Jean , Hanlon Roger , Grable Melissa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIntraspecific visual communication was studied quantitatively by testing the behavior of Sepia officinalis, the common cuttlefish, as senders and receivers of body pattern signals. These signals can be achromatic and/or linearly polarized and are produced by specialized dermal cells. Experiment 1 addressed whether the presence of conspecifics affected the visible, achromatic body patterns of males. These patterns tended to vary among conditions, suggesting limited sensitivity to audience. One set of body patterns varied with the number of conspecifics viewed while an uncorrelated set of body patterns varied with the sex of conspecifics viewed. Males showed high-contrast zebra banding when viewing another male, supporting previous studies of body patterns in male-male agonistic behavior. Experiment 2 addressed the relationship of polarized light patterns with visible body patterns of males and females, and tested whether senders modified their polarization patterns in response to conspecifics. Polarization patterning was only weakly associated with visible body patterns. Females showed more polarized body patterns than did males, but polarized patterns did not differ among conditions; thus, no sensitivity to audience by senders was found. Experiment 3 addressed whether conspecific receivers used information from polarized body patterns. Limited evidence was found for changes in the behavior of female but not male observers, suggesting that female receivers may use polarized patterns as a source of information about conspecifics. The information contained in polarization patterning may complement that contained in zebra patterning such that both males and females advertise their species, sex, location, and size to conspecific receivers.
Habitat and space use of European cuckoo females during the egg laying period
Authors: Taborsky Barbara , Honza Marcel , Vogl Wolfgang , Teuschl Yvonne , Taborsky Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn brood parasites, knowledge of spacing behaviour, habitat use and territoriality may reveal cues about how parasites find and use their hosts. To study the use of space and habitat of European cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, we radio-tagged 16 females during four consecutive reproductive seasons. We hypothesized that during the laying period cuckoo females should (1) use habitats selectively, and (2) attempt to monopolize potential egg laying areas to reduce competition for host nests. Our data are consistent with the first hypothesis: the use of pond edges compared to forest and transitional habitats was significantly greater than expected from the habitat availability in the total area and within individual female home ranges. All 26 directly observed egg layings and 27 nest visits without laying occurred at pond edges in nests of Acrocephalus spp. Females spent significantly more time at pond edges on egglaying days than on non-laying days. The second hypothesis was not supported: female home ranges overlapped similarly in all three major habitat categories of the potential egg laying areas, and only little aggression was observed between females. We discuss whether female cuckoos may lack territorial behaviour because they are not able to defend egg laying areas economically or because defence is not necessary due to sufficient availability of suitable host nests.