bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental adhesive compounds alter glutathione levels but not glutathione redox balance in human THP‐1 monocytic cells
Authors: Noda M. , Wataha J. C. , Lewis J. B. , Kaga M. , Lockwood P. E. , Messer R. L. W. , Sano H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe use of hydrophilic dental monomers in dentin bonding agents has vastly improved resin–dentin bond strengths, but incomplete polymerization of these monomers and their leaching into adjacent (pulpal) oral tissues has raised concerns about their biocompatibility. The sublethal effects of these resins are virtually unknown, but their electrophilic nature led to the hypothesis that they may alter cellular oxidative stress pathways. Glutathione balance between reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) is a major mechanism by which cells maintain redox balance and was therefore the focus of the current investigation. THP‐1 human monocytic cells were exposed to hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), camphorquinone (CQ), or triethyelene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) for 24 h at sublethal doses, then GSH and GSSG levels were measured by means of Ellman's method adapted for cell culture. The results indicate that these dental resin compounds act at least partly via oxidative stress by increasing GSH levels at sublethal concentrations. However, the GSH‐GSSG ratio was relatively unaffected. Only BPO altered the GSH‐GSSG ratio at 24 h, again at sublethal levels (7.5–15 μmol/L). The results support the hypothesis that resin monomers act, at least in part, via oxidative stress, and that oxidative‐stress pathways should be one focus of future investigations of monomer biocompatibility. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
Study on new solvent extraction systems for erythromycin
Authors: Li Zhou , Qin Feng , Bao Hao , Gu Xueqiang 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNew solvent systems for the extraction of erythromycin were studied in which octanol was used as the extractant instead of butyl acetate. The mechanism for these new extraction systems is not simple physical distribution but the formation of a neutral complex of erythromycin. A neutral extraction complex formed between the neutral molecules of erythromycin and extractant by hydrogen bonding, and the formed neutral extraction complex moves into the organic phase. Extraction reaction equations and mathematical models of extraction equilibrium and re‐extraction equilibrium are proposed for these new extraction systems. Experimental results show that the new extraction systems offer technological and economic advantages owing to the low solubility of the extraction solvents in the aqueous phase. The solvent consumption of the new extraction process was less than 3kg per billion active units compared with 9–10 kg per billion active units for a butyl acetate extraction system. In addition, the recovery of solvent from raffinate may be eliminated, thus reducing energy consumption. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison between photocatalytic ozonation and other oxidation processes for the removal of phenols from water
Authors: Beltrán Fernando J , Rivas F Javier , Gimeno Olga 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPhotocatalytic ozonation (1O3 + VUV + TiO2), ozonation (O3), catalytic ozonation (O3 + TiO2), ozone photolysis (O3 + VUV), photocatalysis (TiO2 + VUV) and photolysis (VUV) have been compared in terms of formation of intermediates, extent of, mineralization (TOC, COD, chloride, nitrate) and kinetics in the aqueous treatment of three phenols (phenol, p‐chlorophenol and p‐nitrophenol). In all cases, photocatalytic ozonation led to lower degradation times for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon removal. Intermediates formed were similar in the different oxidation systems with some exceptions. They can be classified into three different types: polyphenols (resorcinol, catechol, hydroquinone), unsaturated carboxylic acids (maleic and fumaric acids) and saturated carboxylic acids (glyoxylic, formic and oxalic acids). First order kinetic equations have been checked for the oxidation processes studied in the case of the parent compound. Rate constants of these systems have also been calculated. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Placentation in the Mexican lizard Sceloporus mucronatus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)
Authors: Villagrán Maricela , Méndez Fausto R. , Stewart James R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe used light microscopy to study placental structure of the lizard Sceloporus mucronatus throughout 6 months of embryonic development. Three stages of placental development could be assigned to embryos based on the arrangement of the extraembryonic membranes. A highly vascular choriovitelline placenta was present in the embryonic hemisphere and a nonvascular bilaminar omphalopleure covered most of the abembryonic hemisphere of the egg during embryonic Stages 10–28. A chorioallantoic placenta replaced the choriovitelline placenta by embryonic Stage 29 and an omphaloplacenta covered the abembryonic hemisphere at this stage. The combination of these two placental types occurred in Stage 29–36 embryos. The final stage of placentation, embryonic Stages 37–40, was characterized by an omphalallantoic placenta in the abembryonic hemisphere and a chorioallantoic placenta in the embryonic hemisphere of the egg. The choriovitelline and chorioallantoic placentae are well vascularized, with closely apposed maternal and embryonic blood vessels. These structures are the most likely sites of respiratory exchange. In contrast, the omphaloplacenta and omphalallantoic placentae contain cuboidal or columnar epithelia and these structures may function in histotrophic exchange. Placentation of S. mucronatus is similar to that of predominantly lecithotrophic species in other squamate lineages suggesting that the evolution of this placental morphology is a response to similar factors and is independent of phylogeny. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gel extracted from Khruea‐ma‐noi (Cyclea barbataMiers) leaves: chemical composition and gelation properties
Authors: Arkarapanthu Apasara , Chavasit Visith , Sungpuag Pongtorn , Phuphathanaphong Leena 
Published: March 2005

AbstractGel extracted from Khruea‐ma‐noi leaves, which are widely consumed by villagers in Northeast Thailand, has a unique characteristic that could be used for food and nutritional applications, such as in therapeutic diets and in the food industry. Since little is known scientifically about this plant, this study identified the plant's scientific name and determined the chemical composition of the Khruea‐ma‐noi polymer and its gelling mechanism. Results reveal that Khruea‐ma‐noi is classified asCyclea barbataMiers. Its main polymer is polygalacturonic acid of average molecular weight 741 kDa with 66.3% methylated. Dried powders of extract and purified gels contained 415 and 724 g kg−1of soluble dietary fiber and 7.1 and 13.9 g kg−1of divalent cations, respectively. Factors affecting gelling ability and characteristics include phenolic compounds, oxidizing and reducing agents, pH, divalent cations and temperature. Most gels formed were thermoreversible except at pH 7. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Sorption isotherms, GAB parameters and isosteric heat of sorption
Authors: Quirijns Elisabeth J , van Boxtel Anton JB , van Loon Wilko KP , van Straten Gerrit 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe diffusion–sorption drying model has been developed as a physics‐based way to model the decreasing drying rate at low moisture contents. This new model is founded on the existence of different classes of water: free and bound water. The transition between these classes and the corresponding thermodynamics form distinct components of the drying model. This paper shows that the characteristics of the different classes of water and of the transition between them can be deduced from the GAB sorption isotherm. The parameters in the GAB sorption isotherm support the theory of localised sorption, establishing the existence of different classes of water. Moreover, the sorption mechanism retrieved from the GAB parameters is in accordance with the sorption mechanism, which is obtained from the moisture dependence of the net isosteric heat of sorption. This holds for experimental sorption data of corn and starch as well as for literature data on five vegetables and four fortified cassava products. An extremum in the net isosteric heat of sorption coincides with the transition between bound and free water, and the partition moisture content corresponds with the monolayer value derived from the GAB equation. This confirms that the GAB monolayer value can be chosen as model boundary between bound and free water. Moreover, it reveals that this method can be developed into a technique to estimate the bound water content in foods. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of lipid oxidation during manufacturing of horse mackerel surimi
Authors: Eymard Sylvie , Carcouët Elodie , Rochet Marie‐Joëlle , Dumay Justine , Chopin Christine , Genot Claude 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWhen fatty fish are transformed into surimi, lipid oxidation takes place, decreasing the quality of the product. This study was aimed to identify the critical stages of the process in terms of the development of lipid oxidation. Horse mackerels were transformed into surimi on a pilot line and samples taken (hand‐skinned fillets = minced fillets, mince, washed and refined minces, paste, surimi and washing water). Most of the lipids were removed during the process and neutral lipids were lost in higher proportion than polar lipids. As a consequence, total lipids of surimi contained more polyunsaturated fatty acids (338 ± 19 g kg−1) than total lipids of the minced fillets (220 ± 8 g kg−1). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was higher in the minced fillets than in the mince because less subcutaneous fat and dark muscle were removed during hand‐mincing, indicating that the settings of the skinning–deboning machine can strongly influence the final quality of the product. Concentrations of lipid oxidation products increased significantly during the next stages of surimi processing. The increase was more pronounced for TBARS than hydroperoxides. Concentrations in hydroperoxides were similar in mince and washed mince (15.3 ± 2.8 and 16.6 ± 2.8 mmoles kg−1 lipid) and increased in refined mince (29.6 ± 2.8 mmoles kg−1 lipid). TBARS accounted for 2.7 ± 1.0 mg kg−1 lipid in mince, 40.4 ± 2.3 mg kg−1 lipid in washed mince and 237 ± 7 mg kg−1 lipid in refined mince. Hydroperoxides and TBARS were found in appreciable amounts in washing water (76.9 ± 4.7 mmoles kg−1 lipid and 479 ± 8 mg kg−1 lipid respectively), when they decreased in surimi (27.3 ± 3.8 mmoles kg−1 lipid and 44.2 ± 0.8 mg kg−1 lipid respectively) compared with refined mince. This shows that the last dewatering stage is crucial to ensure surimi quality. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of fat in intact cereal food products using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Kays Sandra E , Archibald Douglas D , Sohn Miryeong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility of an intact product approach to the near‐infrared (NIR) determination of fat content, a rapid acquisition spectrometer, with an InGaAs diode‐array detector and custom built sampling device, was used to obtain reflectance spectra (1100–1700 nm) of diverse cereal food products. Fat content reference data were obtained gravimetrically by extraction with petroleum ether (AOAC Method 945.16). Using spectral and reference data, partial least‐squares regression analysis was applied to calculate a NIR model (n = 89) to predict fat in intact cereal products; the model was adequate for rapid screening of samples, predicting the test samples (n = 44) with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 11.8 (range 1.4–204.8) g kg−1 and multiple coefficient of determination of 0.98. Repeated repacking and rescanning of the samples did not appreciably improve model performance. The model was expanded to include samples with a broad range of particle sizes and moisture contents without reduction in prediction accuracy for the untreated samples. The regression coefficients for the models calculated indicated that spectral features at 1165, 1215 and 1395 nm, associated with CH stretching in fats, were the most critical for model development. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the alkane technique to estimate diet selection of goats grazing heather–gorse vegetation communities
Authors: Ferreira Luis MM , Oliván Mamen , Garcia Urce , Rodrigues Miguel AM , Osoro Koldo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effect of n‐alkane faecal recovery on the accuracy of diet composition estimates, when increasing the number of diet components, was studied. Seven dietary treatments, composed of different proportions of herbaceous (Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens) and woody species (Erica umbellata, Erica cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica arborea and Ulex gallii) were offered to 28 goats housed in metabolism crates. Diet composition was estimated from alkane concentrations in diet and faeces, with and without correction for incomplete faecal recoveries, using least‐squares procedures and was compared with the known diet proportions. There were no significant differences between measured proportions of dietary components and those estimated with alkanes when applying the faecal recovery corrections. In contrast, the proportions calculated without faecal recovery correction differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the actual proportions, overestimating feeds with higher content of long‐chain n‐alkanes. The diet composition affected significantly the faecal recovery of alkanes if there were significant differences on in vivo digestibility. The n‐alkane faecal recoveries decreased as the diet digestibility increased. The results obtained show that the application of the alkane methodology for grazing animals should be preceded by calculation of the actual alkane faecal recoveries for each type of vegetation community and experimental conditions. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on quality parameters of lager beer
Authors: Buzrul Sencer , Alpas Hami , Bozoglu Faruk 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUnpasteurized lager beer samples from a commercial brewery were treated either by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 200, 250, 300, 350 MPa for 3 and 5 min at 20 °C) or by conventional heat pasteurization (60 °C for 15 min). The main attributes of the beer, such as ethanol content, extract and pH, were not affected by either treatment; however HHP and heat pasteurization affected colour, chill haze, protein sensitivity and bitterness. Change in bitterness was higher in conventional heat pasteurization, but pressures up to 300 MPa had no significant affect on bitterness. Although more studies should be carried out to investigate the effects of HHP treatment on different types of lagers and ales, our results revealed that HHP could be successfully used to process beer, even at temperatures well below those required for heat pasteurization, without affecting some of the quality attributes. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of water activity and temperature on conidial germination and mycelial growth of ochratoxigenic isolates ofAspergillus ochraceuson grape juice synthetic medium. Predictive models
Authors: Pardo Ester , Lagunas Ursino , Sanchis Vincente , Ramos Antonio J , Marín Sonia 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe first stages in the development ofAspergillus ochraceus, an ochratoxin A‐producing fungus that infects grapes and may grow on them, have been studied on a synthetic nutrient medium similar to grape in composition. Spore germination and mycelial growth have been tested over a water activity (aw) and temperature range which could approximate to the real conditions of fungal development on grapes. Optimal germination and growth were observed at 30 °C for all three isolates tested. Maximal germination rates were detected at 0.96–0.99awat 20 °C, while at 10 and 30 °C the germination rates were significantly higher at 0.99aw. Although this abiotic factor (aw) had no significant influence on mycelial growth, growth rates obtained at 0.98awwere slight higher than those at otherawlevels. Predictive models for the lag phase before spore germination as a function of water activity and temperature have been obtained by polynomial multiple linear regression, and the resulting response surface models have been plotted. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Daily consumption of phenolics and total antioxidant capacity from fruit and vegetables in the American diet
Authors: Chun Ock Kyoung , Kim Dae‐Ok , Smith Nancy , Schroeder David , Han Jae Taek , Lee Chang Yong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe daily intake of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidants in the American diet was estimated from the most common 34 fresh fruit and vegetables and their daily consumption data. Among 14 fruit and 20 vegetables, orange contributed the highest amount of total phenolics [117.1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) person−1day−1] and antioxidants [146.6 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE) person−1day−1]. Orange contributed about 26 and 25% of total phenolics and antioxidant, respectively, in the daily consumption of fruit and vegetables. Apples showed relatively high levels of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity comparable to those of oranges and their phenolics and antioxidants contribution is the second highest. Even though potatoes had lower levels of phenolics and antioxidant capacity, they were third due to the fact that their consumption is the highest (137.9 lb person−1year−1) in the American diet. Although plums and strawberries were ranked as the group with the highest total phenolics and antioxidant capacity among 34 tested fruit and vegetables, their contributions were relatively low due to their lower daily consumption. Generally, the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of fruits were higher than those of vegetables. American daily intake of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidants from fruits and vegetables was estimated to be 450 mg GAE, 103 mg catechin equivalents and 591 mg VCE, respectively. Although we do not yet know the required minimum daily amounts of antioxidants, when we estimate the daily requirement of antioxidants, we must consider not only the antioxidant concentrations of the particular food, but also the daily intakes of the food. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition, nutritive value and voluntary intake of tropical tree foliage and cocoyam in pigs
Authors: Leterme Pascal , Londoño Angela M , Estrada Fernando , Souffrant Wolfgang B , Buldgen André 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe composition of the leaves of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and of two trees (Trichanthera giganteaand mulberry,Morus alba), their nutritive value in pigs and voluntary intake by pigs were determined. The average protein content ranged from 170 to 240 g kg−1dry matter (DM) and that of neutral detergent fibres from 218 to 398 g kg−1DM. The leaves are interesting sources of calcium (up to 69 g kg−1DM), potassium, iron and manganese. The proteins are well balanced in essential amino acids, with lysine ranging from 43 to 57 g kg−1proteins. The apparent faecal digestibility was determined by difference in 35 kg pigs fed a diet containing 35% leaf meal. The digestibility coefficients of DM, N and energy were, respectively, 47–57, 33–36 and 51–53%. The digestible energy value ranged from 1.674 to 2.037 kcal kg−1DM. The voluntary intake ofTrichantheraandXanthosomawas measured in sows weighing 100 kg on average. The intake reached 3.4 kg fresh leaves day−1(0.51 kg DM) and 1.0–1.1 kg dry leaf meal/day. It is concluded that low energy density is the main limiting factor of tree foliage for pig nutrition but that they are good sources of minerals and well‐balanced proteins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Phospholipase A2‐dependent effects of the venom from the new guinean small‐eyed snake Micropechis ikaheka
Authors: Kuruppu Sanjaya , Isbister Geoffrey K. , Hodgson Wayne C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe New Guinean small‐eyed snake (Micropechis ikaheka) is a cause of life‐threatening envenoming. Previous studies on M. ikaheka venom have indicated the presence of neurotoxins as well as myotoxins. This study examined the in vitro myotoxic effects of M. ikaheka venom and the efficacy of a polyvalent antivenom in neutralizing these effects. Venom (50 μg/ml) produced a slowly developing contracture and inhibition of direct twitches of the chick biventer cervicis nerve–muscle preparation in the presence of tubocurarine (10 μM). Myotoxicity was confirmed by subsequent histological examination of tissues. This myotoxicity was prevented by the prior addition of polyvalent snake antivenom (30 U/ml). However, the addition of antivenom (30 U/ml) 1 h after venom administration failed to reverse or prevent the further inhibition of direct twitches. In addition, venom (1–10 μg/ml) produced concentration‐dependent contractions of the guinea‐pig isolated ileum. These effects were dependent on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of the venom as evidenced by the ability of the PLA2 inhibitor 4‐bromophenacyl bromide (4‐BPB; 1.8 mM) to prevent this activity. This study indicates that M. ikaheka venom causes significant myotoxicity and that polyvalent snake antivenom may be a potential treatment for the myotoxic effects in patients envenomed by this species. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Shielded molecularly imprinted polymers prepared with a selective surface modification
Authors: Watabe Yoshiyuki , Hosoya Ken , Tanaka Nobuo , Kubo Takuya , Kondo Takuya , Morita Masatoshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUniformly sized, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of bisphenol A (BPA), one of many potential endocrine disruptors, were prepared by selective surface modification and immobilized at intervals of functional monomers with 4,4′‐methylenebisphenol as a pseudotemplate. MIPs for BPA were prepared with 4‐vinyl pyridine immobilized at the most effective interval and with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomer as a functional crosslinker. The prepared MIPs were surface‐modified with both polar and ionic monomers with different modification methods and then evaluated to reveal their selectivity and retention characteristics. Some of the modified MIPs showed significant selectivity for BPA retention when they were used as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stationary phases, in comparison with ordinary MIPs. This effect of molecular imprinting was retained even after the surface modification of MIPs. The MIPs employed as pretreatment media for a column‐switching HPLC system provided a detection limit as low as 1 ng/L (ppt) by electrochemical detection. Actual samples, including Suwannee River natural organic matter (NOM), were analyzed for BPA, and BPA was quantitatively detected in NOM even with the combination with widely used UV detection because of the effective removal of interference afforded by an effective surface modification of the MIPs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2048–2060, 2005