bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Naringin and rutin molecules targeting DNA damage: Invitro and Insilico investigations
Authors: Pravin Badhe , Nanaware Vivek , Ashwini Badhe , Wondmie Gezahign Fentahun , Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Bourhia Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discovering the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response pathways has led to new therapeutic approaches in oncology. Our study optimized DNA damage- targeting molecules naringin and rutin in breast cancer cells. Our study involved MTT assays for the detection of its toxicity and proliferative activity in breast cancer cells and normal cancer cells. Our studies determined the molecules' antioxidant properties using the DPPH assay. The role in reducing free radicals has been evaluated using a variety of free radical scavenging activity assays. Further evaluation of the molecules was carried out by high alkaline comet assay (pH > 13) to test for genotoxicity. Human Dermal Fibroblast cells (2DD) (1x105 cells/ml) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were pre-incubated with Naringin and Rutin (10 µM) for one hour. In normal cells, rutin and naringin molecules do not cause genotoxicity, but they cause DNA damage in breast cancer cells when they are diluted to 10µM. The results from our study indicate that both molecules cause 60–70% DNA damage in breast cancer cells.
Real-world survival outcomes to first-line chemoimmunotherapy and biomarker analysis in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Panagiotou Emmanouil , Vathiotis Ioannis A. , Montgomery Austin , Moeckel Camille , Livanou Maria Effrosyni , Mastrogeorgiou Michail , Evangelou Georgios , Charpidou Andriani , Mouratidis Ioannis , Georgakopoulos-Soares Ilias , Syrigos Nikolaos K. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Recent approval of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors in the first line of treatment has transformed the therapeutic landscape of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC); real-world (rw) evidence of efficacy is currently limited.
Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively assessed patients with SCLC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) or combined histology receiving chemoimmunotherapy in the first-line treatment setting at “Sotiria” General Hospital for Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece. Patient demographics and disease characteristics were extracted using a standardized form. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate rw progression-free survival (rwPFS) and rw overall survival (rwOS). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was utilized to identify associations between patient characteristics and outcome.
Results
One hundred patients were included in the analysis. Median rwPFS was 7.2 months (95% CI, 6.7–12.0 months) and median rwOS was 14.4 months (95% CI, 9.4–18.6 months); efficacy metrics were similar between patients treated with durvalumab and atezolizumab. In the multivariate analysis, the number of metastatic sites was associated with increased risk of death (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11–1.94; p = 0.007), while BMI was associated with decreased risk (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81–0.97; p = 0.008). Exploratory biomarker analysis revealed a correlation between different prognostic scores (RMH, GRIM, LIPI, and EPSILoN) and rwOS.
Conclusion
Real-world data confirm the efficacy of first-line chemoimmunotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC. The association between prognostic scores and survival outcomes in ES-SCLC should be explored in prospective studies.
Dual-matrix fiber-reinforced lightweight ablative thermal protection composites with outstanding micron-scale ablative recession
Authors: Wang Hebing , Yan Xiaojie , Huang He , Jin Xiangyu , Pan Yiwu , Wu Can , Hong Changqing , Zhang Xinghong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Developing lightweight thermal protection materials that can efficiently resist ablation and provide heat insulation in extreme aerodynamic heating environments remains a significant challenge for ensuring aerospace safety. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) are a crucial choice for thermal protection materials due to their lightweight nature and excellent thermal insulation properties. However, the application is limited by ablative recession despite their unique sacrificial thermal protection mechanism. This study introduces an innovative fiber-reinforced composite with distinct matrices for the upper and lower regions. The upper matrix consists of a silicone-based ceramicizable resin mixed with high-temperature-resistant fillers, while the lower matrix incorporates a porous phenolic aerogel with a high residual carbon rate. In comparison to conventional ablative thermal protection materials, the linear ablation setback can be significantly reduced, reaching levels as low as 0.11 µm/s and 6 µm/s for ablations at 1.5 MW and 3.6 MW, respectively. Furthermore, these materials exhibit exceptional dynamic ablation thermal insulation and repeatability over a certain number of cycles. This approach offers a fresh perspective on the design and preparation of lightweight ablative thermal protection materials, breaking through the limitations of ablation setback and expanding the application scope of such materials in aerospace vehicles.
Prevalence and associated factors of cigars in China: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018-19
Authors: Liu Yi , Xiao Dan , Li Yinghua , Xia Xin , Liu Zhao , Zhen Su , Qin Rui , Xie Ying , Cheng Anqi , Zhou Xinmei , Li Jinxuan , Huang Zhenxiao , Wei Xiaowen , Song Qingqing , Zhao Liang , Wang Chen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Cigar prevalence is increasing year by year and is more and more harmful, but little is known about the prevalence of cigars in Chinese groups.
Methods
The data were divided from the 2018–2019 National Health Literacy Survey, which employed a rigorous multi-stage stratified sampling method. Finally, 86,701 individuals were included in the final analysis. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the odds ratio (OR) and calculate the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association between demographic characteristics and cigar use. To estimate the nationwide proportion of cigar users, appropriate data weighting was applied.
Results
The proportion of cigar users in China was currently 4.47% among smokers. Cigar prevalence varied greatly between provinces, it was related to the economic development and customs of cities. Cigar users had distinct demographic characteristics, mainly concentrated in urban (P = 0.009) and high education level (P < 0.001) population. Males (OR = 1.427, 95% CI 1.036–1.965, P = 0.030), education level more than middle and high school (OR = 1.654 95%, CI 1.306–2.095, P < 0.001), self-report health status was poor (OR = 1.416, 95% CI 1.124–1.784, P = 0.003) adults had the high risk to use cigars. It was estimated that about 10.464 million (10.401–10.527 million) cigar users were currently in China, mainly men (10.218 million [10.173–10.263 million]).
Interpretation
Higher education levels, living in rural areas, and belonging to ethnic minority groups are at a higher risk of cigar use in China. Cigar use by teenagers should not be underestimated.
The bifiltration of a relation and extended Dowker duality
Authors: Vaupel Melvin , Dunn Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We explain how homotopical information of two composeable relations can be coherently combined within two different simplicial categories that respectively augment the relations row and column complexes. We show that both of these categories realize to weakly equivalent spaces, which amounts to a non-trivial extension of Dowker's duality theorem. We also prove a functorial version of this result. Specializing the above construction, a bifiltration of Dowker complexes that coherently incorporates the total weights of a relation's row and column complex into one single object is introduced. This construction is motivated by challenges in data analysis that necessitate the simultaneous study of spatial information derived from a data matrix's rows and columns. To illustrate the applicability of our constructions for solving those challenges we give an appropriate reconstruction result.
Piperine Enhances Antimalarial Activity of Methyl Gallate and Palmatine Combination
Authors: Adegunloye Adegbenro Peter , Adebayo Joseph Oluwatope 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Multiple reported treatment failures of malaria with artemisinin combination therapies, the first-line antimalarials, necessitate the search for novel combination of compounds. Methyl gallate and palmatine have been reported to exhibit antiplasmodial activities but the antimalarial activity of their combination has not been evaluated. Therefore, the evaluation of the combination of methyl gallate and palmatine for antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo in the presence of piperine was carried out.
Materials and Methods
The inhibitory potential of methyl gallate and palmatine combination on β-hematin (hemozoin) formation was studied in vitro. Also, the antimalarial activity of methyl gallate and palmatine combination with/without a bioenhancer (piperine) was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice.
Results
Methyl gallate and palmatine in the ratio 3:2 acted synergistically in vitro and had the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.73 µg/mL) on β-hematin (hemozoin) formation. The 3:2 combination of methyl gallate and palmatine exhibited no antimalarial activity in vivo in the absence of piperine but caused reduction in parasitemia that exceeded 40% in the presence of piperine at the dose of 25 mg/kg body weight on days 6 and 8 post-inoculation in mice.
Conclusion
The 3:2 combination of methyl gallate and palmatine in the presence of piperine exhibited antimalarial activity in vivo, possibly by synergistic inhibition of hemozoin formation which may cause accumulation of haem within the food vacuole of Plasmodium spp. and its death.
Exploratory Analysis of Serum HER2 Extracellular Domain for
HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer Treated with SOX plus Trastuzumab
Authors: Wakatsuki Takeru , Ishizuka Naoki , Hironaka Shuichi , Minashi Keiko , Kadowaki shigenori , Goto Masanori , Shoji Hirokazu , Hirano Hidekazu , Nakayama Izuma , Osumi Hiroki , Ogura Mariko , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei , Takahari Daisuke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to explore the clinical utility of serum HER2 extracellular domain (sHER2 ECD) using data from a clinical trial evaluating trastuzumab combined S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) in HER2 positive gastric cancer.
Methods
sHER2 ECD were prospectively measured at baseline and subsequent treatment courses. Based on each quantile point of baseline sHER2 ECD levels and its early changes, patients were divided into two groups and compared clinical outcomes.
Results
43 patients were enrolled, and 17 patients (39.5%) were positive for baseline sHER2 ECD. Higher baseline sHER2 ECD levels tended to have lower hazard ratios (HRs). When divided into two groups by baseline sHER2 ECD of 19.1 ng/ml, median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was longer in the higher group (mPFS: 16.8 vs 8.7 months, p = 0.342. mOS: 35.5 vs 20.6 months, p = 0.218), respectively. After initiation of treatment, sHER2 ECD significantly decreased up until the third cycle. Higher reduction rates of sHER2 ECD within 3 cycles also tended to have lower HRs. When divided into two groups by reduction rate of 42.5%, mPFS and mOS was longer in the higher reduced group (mPFS: 14.7 vs 7.5 months, p = 0.221. mOS: Not reached vs 20.6 months, p = 0.168), respectively. Furthermore, higher reduction rates could surrogate higher objective response rates (ORR) (ORR: 90% vs 63.2% for 29.5%, p = 0.065. 100% vs 70% for 42.5%, p = 0.085), respectively.
Conclusions
Baseline sHER2 ECD levels and its early decline may be useful biomarkers for SOX plus trastuzumab efficacy in HER2 positive gastric cancer.
ANN-CA Model Construction under SD Constraint: A Case Study on the Land-use Change Trend in Ya'an City
Authors: Zhao Jingyao , Zhou Yazhou , Zhu Xiaofan , Zhang Fan , Gao Lei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Land systems are closely related to various factors, including social issues, national economies, natural environments, etc. However, the dynamic evolution simulation of land systems is quite complex. There are many problems in terms of land use in China, such as extensive development, significant regional differences, and imbalanced development. From this perspective, it is imperative to study systematic land use evolution according to local contexts. In this study, two methods that are commonly used to solve complexity issues— “top-down” system dynamics and “bottom-up” cellular automata—were combined to investigate the land use evolutionary trend in Ya’an City. Firstly, a system dynamics model of land resource use was constructed based on the causal relationship between land and macroscopic elements, and the quantitative future predictions of land use structures in Ya’an were obtained. Next, an ANN-CA model containing three steps—artificial neural network training, optimization of cellular automata parameters, and model calibration—was constructed. The land use scenario in Ya’an City in 2018 was simulated and the quantity and space accuracy verification were conducted. Finally, the spatial layout of land use in Ya’an City in 2028 and 2038 was predicted, and the land use evolution trend was studied using the model under the constraint of the quantitative prediction results of system dynamics. The results demonstrated the good simulation effect of the ANN-CA model under the SD constraint. The overall simulation accuracy of the model is the highest (93.93%) when the threshold of transformation is 0.8 and the diffusion coefficient is 1. In the future, the spatial distribution of different land types in Ya’an City will change slightly, and construction land presents an expansion law from the center to surrounding areas.
Study on the evolution law of oxidation characteristics of unloaded coal based on the change of buried depth
Authors: Ma Zhihui , Ma Zhiyong , Duan Zheng , Teng Fei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To obtain the change law of oxidation characteristics of unloaded coal at different burial depths, the experimental coal samples were loaded and unloaded with various degrees of stress according to the in situ stress characteristics of the Changcun coal mine in China. Through low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LNMR) and temperature-programmed experiments, the change law of oxidation characteristic parameters and pore structure parameters of unloaded coal under different stresseswas tested. The main conclusions are obtained through the analysis of the experimental results. ①With increasing burial depth, the oxidation reaction products of unloaded coal under different stresses regularly changed. ② With increasing burial depth, the oxidation characteristics of unloaded coal at different burial depths gradually increased and gradually slowed down after 1200-1600 m, and the concept of the "critical depth" of unloaded coal oxidation characteristics was proposed. ③ With increasing burial depth, the porosity of the unloaded coal body gradually decreased, the number of micropores increased, and the number of small pores, mesopores and macropores gradually decreased. It is further concluded that the difference in oxidation characteristics of unloaded coal at different depths was caused by the change in the number of micropores.
In vitro tetraploid induction and plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata, a pearl-like herb
Authors: Ren Yan , Gao Jinrong , Dong Xian , Yan Hongmei , Huang Hengyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) is a widely used Chinese medicinal herb in many countries around the globe. However, asexual reproduction causes the germplasm of P. ternata to degrade, and there is little research on genetic breeding. This study aims to induce tetraploid ‘Pearl’ P. ternate plants using colchicine-treated leaves and tubers to obtain superior germplasm resources. The in vitro medium of autotetraploid plants was then optimized through orthogonal experiments, and the morphology, tissue, and cells of diploid and tetraploid plants were compared. The results indicated that the number of chromosomes in diploid plants was 2n = 2x = 66, while the tetraploid plants was 2n = 4x = 132 by somatic chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis. The leaf was more suitable than the tuber for polyploid induction, and the maximum induction rate was 29.49% when leaves were treated with a 0.05% colchicine solution for 96 h. In MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L− 1 6-BA, 0.1 mg L− 1 NAA, and 1.0 mg L− 1 KT, tetraploid leaves could develop into plantlets with roots, and there was a 100% transplant survival rate. The tetraploid P. ternata had larger and denser leaves, thicker petioles, and larger stomata, but shorter plants than the diploid. Meanwhile, the number of tubers produced by tetraploid leaves grows. This study induced tetraploid in P. ternata and established a tetraploid artificial rapid propagation system for P. ternata, providing the theoretical foundation and experimental support for its genetic breeding and variety enhancement.
Knowledge of HIV status, age-disparate sexual partnerships, and sexual risk behaviour among HIV positive men in South Africa: Evidence from two cross-sectional samples.
Authors: Byaruhanga Ronald , Govender Kaymarlin , Inkinen Ville , Beckett Sean , Cowden Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the association between sexual risk behaviors, self-reported HIV status, and engagement in age-disparate relationships (defined as a 5 + year age gap) among men. Two cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in the uMgungundlovu district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, spanning June 2014 to June 2016. Structured questionnaires administered by trained interviewers collected data from 3801 men aged 20 to 49 years who disclosed their HIV status. The analysis revealed that HIV-positive men had decreased odds of their three most recent relationships meeting age-disparity criteria (model (3): Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 0.70; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.53, 0.92; model (4): AOR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.96). HIV-positive respondents also showed reduced likelihood of engaging in specific sexual risk behaviors, such as multiple partnerships (AOR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.96), inconsistent condom use (AOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.52), and casual sexual relationships (AOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87). These findings underscore the critical role of men’s HIV testing in reducing HIV incidence and transmissions. The study emphasizes the need for interventions addressing barriers to HIV testing among men, including limited access, confidentiality concerns, stigma, low risk perception, and discrimination to enhance testing uptake.
Composition of the rumen microbiome and its association with methane yield in dairy cattle raised in tropical conditions
Authors: Fregulia Priscila , Dias Roberto Júnio Pedroso , Campos Mariana Magalhães , Tomich Thierry Ribeiro , Pereira Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Neves André Luis Alves 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Methane (CH4) emissions from rumen fermentation are a significant contributor to global warming. Cattle with high CH4 emissions tend to exhibit lower efficiency in milk and meat production, as CH4 production represents a loss of the gross energy ingested by the animal. The objective of this study was to investigate the taxonomic and functional composition of the rumen microbiome associated with methane yield phenotype in dairy cattle raised in tropical areas.Methods and Results Twenty-two Girolando (F1 Holstein x Gyr) heifers were classified based on their methane yield (gCH4/kgDMI) as High CH4 yield and Low CH4 yield. Rumen contents were collected and analyzed using amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S and 18S rRNA genes. The diversity indexes showed no differences for the rumen microbiota associated with the methane yield phenotypes. However, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) revealed different taxonomic profiles of prokaryotes related to High- and Low CH4, but no difference was found for protozoa. The functional profile of both prokaryotes and protozoa differed between High- and Low CH4 groups.Conclusions Our results suggest differences in rumen microbial composition between CH4 yield groups, with specific microorganisms being strongly associated with the Low- and High CH4 groups (e.g. Veillonellaceae and Entodinium). Additionally, microbial functions were also differentially abundant when comparing the Low- with High CH4 animals (e.g. K19341 and K05352). This study posits that identifying the key functional niches within the rumen is vital to understanding the ecological interplay that drives methane production.
An evaluation of different methods assessing the Nitrogen management in crop production
Authors: Husen Wilhelm van , Kern Martin Andreas , Häußermann Uwe , Wagner Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) balance, budget and surplus calculations as well as efficiency calculations differ regarding the parameters that they consider and hence also the results that they provide. In this study, we (1) reviewed literature and gathered, classified and evaluated different methods to assessing potential N losses to adjacent ecosystems and N use efficiency of N management in agricultural crop production. Subsequently, (2) we applied these methods to a model German farm in order to demonstrate the differences between the methods and their extent. Finally, (3) we examined the availability and relevance of the parameters required for each method.
(1) We identified 35 methods and classified them into one group of N balance, budget and surplus calculations and several groups of efficiency calculations. While the latter methods can be helpful for answering various specific practical and scientific questions, only balance, budget and surplus calculations can be used to determine the potential environmental impacts caused by N inputs into ecosystems. (2) Applying the data from our model farm to these methods demonstrated differences in their resulting output values depending on the input parameters utilized. Hence, if any of these methods are to be used as an indicator for N governance, a standardization that specifies the parameters and defines the system boundaries is required. (3) Most relevant input parameters are in general available. However, more accurate data on N inputs via organic fertilizers, biological N fixation and deposition as well as more research regarding the role of soil N stock changes is needed.
Automatic Discovery of Collective Communication Patterns in Parallelized Task Graphs
Authors: Knorr Fabian , Salzmann Philip , Thoman Peter , Fahringer Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Collective communication APIs equip MPI vendors with the necessary context to optimize cluster-wide operations on the basis of theoretical complexity models and characteristics of the involved interconnects. Modern HPC runtime systems with a programmability focus can perform dependency analysis to eliminate the need for manual communication entirely. Profiting from optimized collective routines in this context often requires global analysis of the implicit point-to-point communication pattern or tight constrains on the data access patterns allowed inside kernels. The Celerity API provides a high degree of freedom for both runtime implementors and application developers by tieing transparent work assignment to data access patterns through user-defined range-mapper functions. Canonically, data dependencies are resolved through an intra-node coherence model and inter-node point-to-point communication. This paper presents Collective Pattern Discovery (CPD), a fully distributed, coordination-free method for detecting collective communication patterns on parallelized task graphs. Through extensive scheduling and communication microbenchmarks as well as a strong scaling experiment on a compute-intensive application, we demonstrate that CPD can achieve substantial performance gains in the Celerity model.