bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
Authors: PoyrazoĞlu Hakan M , Per Hüseyin , Gündüz Zübeyde , DüŞünsel Ruhan , Arslan Duran , Narİn Nazmi , GümüŞ Hakan 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis of infants. Even though the cutaneous findings are dramatic in both appearance and rapidity of onset, the prognosis is benign.
Methods
: We report on eight patients with AHEI evaluated from the viewpoints of age, sex, history of infection, drug administration or immunization before the onset of skin lesions, laboratory findings, cutaneous findings, cutaneous biopsy and treatment.
Results
: The ages of the patients, six of whom were male, ranged between 7 and 27 months. Five episodes in our patients occured in winter. Six patients (75%) had a history of recent infection, drug administration or immunization. All patients had fever, peripheral edema and large, purpuric, annular or targetoid plaques on the face and extremities. Two patients had mucosal involvement (conjunctiva and palatum molle). One patient with severe genital involvement had trunk involvement. Hematologic and immunologic tests were not diagnostic in any patient. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was demonstrated in four patients for whom a cutaneous biopsy was performed. Complete recovery time ranged between 4 and 7 days.
Conclusions
: We believe that AHEI is a benign disorder, despite its dramatic appearance. We want to point out that mucosal and trunk involvement may also occur in AHEI.
Comparison of ibuprofen and indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Authors: Su Pen‐Hua , Chen Jia‐Yuh , Su Chi‐Ming , Huang Tzu‐Ching , Lee Hong‐Shen 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly found in very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants. The presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is also associated with increased frequency of significant PDA. Intravenous indomethacin has been used to treat and to prevent PDA in premature infants since 1976. However, concern remains regarding the safety of indomethacin, which affects renal, gastrointestinal and cerebral perfusion. Intravenous ibuprofen has recently been used to treat and to prevent PDA premature infants with PDA without reducing cerebral blood flow or affecting intestinal or renal hemodynamics. The aim of the present study is to compare intravenous ibuprofen and indomethacin with regard to efficacy and safety for the early treatment of PDA in preterm infants.
Methods
: A total of 63 preterm infants with RDS who had a birthweight of ≤1500 g and gestational age of ≤32 weeks, were enrolled in the present study. All patients were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure with additional oxygen supply in inspired air>30%, or with mechanical ventilation. The patients’ serum platelet counts were>100 000/uL, and serum creatinine values were <1.5 mg/dL. There were no 3−4 grade intraventricular hemorrhages before randomization, and all patients were aged 2−7 days and had echo­cardio­graphic evidence of significant PDA. Patients were randomized into two groups: the first group of neonates (group A, n = 32) received intravenous ibuprofen lysine 10 mg/kg, followed by 5 mg/kg after 24 and 48 h; the second group (group B, n = 31) received intravenous indomethacin 0.2 mg/kg every 12 h for three doses.
Results
: Patent ductus arteriosus closed in 27 patients from the ibuprofen group (84.4%) and in 25 patients from the indomethacin group (80.6%). PDA reopened in three patients from the ibuprofen group (9.4%) and in three patients from the indomethacin group (9.7%). One patient in the ibuprofen group and two patients in the indomethacin group required ductal ligation. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were lower in the ibuprofen group than in the indomethacin group. Urine output and creatinine clearance values were higher in the ibuprofen group than in the indomethacin group.
Conclusions
: Ibuprofen therapy is as efficacious as indomethacin for the treatment of PDA in preterm infants. Infants treated with ibuprofen have higher creatinine clearance and urine output and lower serum creatinine and BUN values than infants treated with indomethacin.
Tolmetin and salicylate therapy in acute rheumatic fever: Comparison of clinical efficacy and side‐effects
Authors: Karademir Selmin , OĞuz Deniz , Şenocak Filiz , Öcal Burhan , Karakurt CemŞit , Çabuk Feryal 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: The arthritis of rheumatic fever is very responsive to treatment with salicylates, but there are many adverse reactions, especially hepatotoxicity, due to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) therapy. These side‐effects change the course and duration of rheumatic fever. Other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs may be equally effective, although no reports are available.
Methods
: We studied 72 patients with rheumatic fever who were admitted to Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital between 1995 and 1999. Twenty patients with arthritis were treated with tolmetin (25 mg/kg per day; group I) and 52 patients with arthritis and/or mild carditis were put on aspirin therapy (75−100 mg/kg per day) for 4−6 weeks (group II). Arthritis had disappeared at the same time in both the aspirin and tolmetin groups (P = 0.675).
Results
: The erythrocyte sedimentation rates of patients upon admission, at the first week and at the end of therapy were not different in the two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse effect of tolmetin therapy was observed, whereas side‐effects of salicylate were observed in 19 patients (36.5%) in the aspirin group. Hepatotoxicity, gastric irritation and salicylism were found in 16, four and three patients, respectively. Renal toxicity and Reye syndrome were not demonstrated. Because of these side‐effects of aspirin, therapy had to be stopped for 10−20 days and the duration of hospitalization in this group was lengthened unnecessarily.
Conclusion
: Tolmetin was safe and effective treatment for arthritic rheumatic fever patients without carditis. Tolmetin can be used particularly in patients who cannot tolerate aspirin.
Evaluation of change of cerebral circulation by SpO2 in preterm infants with apneic episodes using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yamamoto Akiyo , Yokoyama Naoki , Yonetani Masahiko , Uetani Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Hajime , Nakao Hideto 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), hemodynamics in very low‐birthweight infants are generally examined for oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure. The present study examined how changes in cerebral circulation in preterm infants can be evaluated by the SpO2 monitoring method with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect the cerebral circulation.
Methods
: The study was conducted in 11 low‐birthweight neonates with a mean weight of 1252 g (940−1948 g), mean post‐conceptional age of 28.9 weeks (28−31 weeks) and in whom a total of 145 apneic episodes were examined. Changes in cerebral circulation at the apneic attack were evaluated by two parameters of ΔHbD (µmol/L) for reduction in cerebral oxygenation and ΔcHb (mL/100 g brain) for variation in cerebral blood volume using the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Results
: There was a tendency for a reduction in cerebral oxygenation and a change in cerebral blood volume as SpO2 was reduced. In the event of apneic attacks where SpO2 was reduced to <85%, cerebral oxygen saturation was extensively reduced. In addition, cerebral blood volume was also greatly changed when the SpO2 was reduced to <85%, and changed further still when SpO2 was reduced again to ≤75%.
Conclusion
: Reduction in SpO2 (<85%) was suggested to be an effective indication to changes in cerebral circulation. In the case of apneic attacks where SpO2 was ≤85%, the cerebral circulation in preterm low‐birthweight neonates was extensively changed and, therefore, attention should be paid to changes in the concentration of SpO2 when managing apnea of prematurity in NICU.
Effect of tongue brushing on oral malodor in adolescents
Authors: Çiçek Yasin , Orbak Recep , Tezel Adnan , Orbak Zerrin , Erciyas Kamile 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Halitosis is a common problem in humans, and is a social and psychological handicap for those affected by it. Halitosis has a positive correlation with the accumulation of bacterial plaque in the oral cavity.
Aims
: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of tongue brushing on oral malodor in adolescents.
Methods
: The subjects of the investigation were 28 adolescents who had oral malodor and whose average age was 16 ± 0.12 years. Subjects were chosen to participate in the study if they had an established routine of oral care, and did not have systemic or periodontal disease or dentures (such as fixed prosthesis or partial and total dentures). The subjects with oral malodor were randomly assigned into two groups. Individuals in the first group received instructions regarding professional procedures of oral care from a periodontist. In addition, individuals in this group had the surface of their tongue cleaned using a hard toothbrush, wetted with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. Individuals in the second group (control) underwent the same professional procedures of oral care executed by the same periodontist, however, they did not have their tongues cleaned. Oral malodor of individuals was then evaluated for all individuals using the organoleptic method. The pH of the subjects tongues were recorded before and after treatment. The results of the oral malodor test were compared between the two groups.
Results
: The results of the study found that oral malodor scores obtained by an organoleptic method was more severe in the second group than the first group, and statistical differences were found between the two groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
: These results revealed that accumulation of bacterial plaque on the tongue is an important factor for oral malodor in the adolescents. Oral malodor levels were significantly reduced after cleaning the surface of the tongue. Thus, tongue care shouldn’t be neglected in order to avoid oral malodor.
Physical and mental development of Turkish twins
Authors: Özçakar Z. Birsin , Sahin Figen , Beyazova Ufuk , Soysal Sebnem 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Multiple gestations are known to bring some risks in the prenatal and natal period, but whether it is a risk for development in childhood is a matter of debate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physical and mental development of Turkish twins and then to assess whether being a twin poses risks for their development.
Methods
: Fifty‐two twin pairs (104 children) aged between 1 and 5 years were enroled in the study. The control group consisted of 91 singletons, who were matched according to age, sex, gestational week and maternal educational level. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was administered to assess cognitive development. Student t‐test and χ2 test were used to compare the two groups.
Results
: The mean age of the mothers of twins did not differ from that of singleton mothers (P > 0.05). Twins were more frequently born in cases of assisted fertilization and were more often born via cesarean section. The birthweights of twins were lower and they were more frequently hospitalized after birth. The breast feeding period was shorter in twins and they had more chronic diseases than singletons (P < 0.05). Mothers of twins needed more help while caring for their infants. Physical development of twins and singletons did not differ statistically (P > 0.05). Twins had more suspect and delayed results in the DDST, especially in the language section of the test.
Conclusion
: Physical and mental development of twins does not differ significantly from singletons except that twins might have a tendency towards slow language acquisition.
Ketotic hypoglycemia in patients with allergic diseases
Authors: Matsubara Tomoyo , Yoshitomi Tomomi , Kaneko Miho , Ichiyama Takashi , Furukawa Susumu 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Ketotic hypoglycemia is the most common cause of recurrent hypoglycemia in early childhood but its etiology is poorly understood. Elimination diets have been used for the prevention or treatment of some allergic diseases; however, these diets entail a risk to the normal nutrition and growth of children. The present study investigated whether elimination diets are related to the occurrence of ketotic hypoglycemia.
Methods
: The prevalence of allergy treated with elimination diet therapy was retrospectively investigated in 18 patients with ketotic hypoglycemia seen in Yamaguchi University Hospital between January 1995 and September 1999. Data were gathered by reviewing the patients’ medical charts.
Results
: Ten (55.6%) of 18 patients with ketotic hypoglycemia had allergic diseases. Six (60%) of the patients had been treated with strict elimination diets and the others were on incomplete elimination diets for the prevention of allergy. The ketotic hypoglycemia patients with allergic diseases had experienced fewer pre‐existing infectious diseases than those without allergic diseases.
Conclusions
: Patients with allergic diseases treated with elimination diets have a relatively high tendency towards developing ketotic hypoglycemia. They might have a lower capacity to tolerate fasting due to their excessive avoidance of many foods, even during periods when they are not undergoing strict elimination diets.
Acanthosis nigricans is a reliable cutaneous marker of insulin resistance in obese Japanese children
Authors: Yamazaki Hajime , Ito Sueshi , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a skin condition characterized by darkening and thickening of skin with formation of irregular folds, usually limited to a few specific areas of the body. Recently, AN has been reported to be linked to hyperinsulinemia and obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not the presence of AN in obese Japanese children is a reliable cutaneous marker.
Methods
: The authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of 439 obese Japanese children (260 boys, 179 girls; mean age 10.1 years; mean percentage overweight 51.9%), who had visited Tsuruoka City Shonai Hospital in 1990−2000. Eighty‐two of the 439 children were examined using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Of these children, the authors retrospectively studied 16 subjects: eight with AN and eight without AN (age range: 10.8−13.9 years; percentage overweight range: 54.3−97.0%). They were age and percentage obesity‐matched males with normal glucose tolerance during OGTT. Females with normal glucose tolerance during OGTT were excluded from the 16 subjects because the number was too small and children with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes during OGTT were also excluded because of glucose toxicity.Eighty‐two children including the 16 subjects were analyzed at their first visit for the presence or absence of AN on the posterior of the neck, and for characteristics including age, birthweight, body height, bodyweight, percentage overweight, blood pressure, liver function markers serum lipid concentrations, fasting plasma glucose concentrations and insulin concentrations shown by the results of OGTT.
Results
: (1) Children with AN showed significantly more glucose intolerance including impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes compared with those children without AN, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations were most significantly correlated with the presence of AN.(2) Insulin resistance based on fasting plasma insulin concentrations was seen in significantly more children with AN than in children without AN, even in age and percentage obesity‐matched subjects with normal glucose tolerance during OGTT.
Conclusions
:  Acanthosis nigricans could be a reliable cutaneous marker of insulin resistance in obese Japanese children.
Effect of mass immunization against influenza encephalopathy on mortality rates in children
Authors: Ono Shigetoo , Kudo Masanobu , Aoki Kazuo , Ezaki Fusako , Misumi Junichi 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Background
: Since the Japanese influenza vaccination program for school children was terminated in 1994, a steep rise has been noted in the number of young children reported with fulminant influenza and influenza associated with acute encephalopathy/encephalitis. The purpose of the present study was to interpret and clarify the effect of mass influenza vaccination on mortality of Japanese children, aged <19 years, with influenza and influenza‐associated acute encephalopathy/encephalitis.
Methods
: The authors examined the distribution of mortality rates of children in Japan aged <19 years with influenza during 1950−2000, influenza associated with central nervous system (CNS) signs in the period 1950−1978, and the estimated cases of influenza associated with acute encephalopathy/encephalitis in the period 1987−2000.
Results
: Total influenza mortality among children aged <19 years has increased since 1990, with children aged <4 years after 1994 being the worst affected. The mean values of mortality rates of influenza associated with central nervous system signs during 1963−1978 and the estimated mortality of children aged <9 years during 1979−1994 were significantly lower than in some years before 1962, and after 1995 (P < 0.05). The annual mortality rates of influenza‐associated acute encephalopathy/encephalitis during 1995−2000 were significantly higher than the expected mortality of influenza associated with central nervous system signs in children aged <14 years (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
: The results of the present study suggest that mass immunization of school‐aged children reduced the mortality rate from influenza‐associated acute encephalopathy/encephalitis in children less than 9 years of age.
Relational Investing And Firm Performance
Authors: Bhagat Sanjai , Black Bernard , Blair Margaret 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA substantial academic and popular literature argues that the performance of American corporations might improve if American corporations had long‐term outside investors (relational investors) who would hold large stakes, actively monitor management performance, and engage with management in setting corporate policy. Institutional investors can perhaps play this role. We provide the first large‐scale test of the hypothesis that relational investing can affect corporate performance. We consider ownership and performance data for more than 1,500 large U.S. companies over a thirteen‐year period (1983–1995). Our results provide a mixed answer to the question of whether relational investing affects corporate performance. Our data suggest that there was a period in the late 1980s—a period with a uniquely high level of hostile takeover activity—when the presence of a relational investor was associated with higher stock market returns. This cohort of relational investors may have been able to induce corporate restructuring, whose principal effect was to reduce growth rates while improving profitability. But this pattern was not found in the early 1980s or repeated in the early 1990s.
Equity‐Based Compensation for Employees: Firm Performance and Determinants
Authors: Frye Melissa B. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractI examine the effect of employee equity‐based compensation (EBC) on firm performance and the determinants of EBC. Using two samples, I find that firms have come to rely more heavily on EBC than in the past. For both samples, I document a significant, positive relation between Tobin's q and the percentage of employee compensation that is equity based. For accounting returns, I find a positive relation with the earlier sample. However, for the later sample I find that greater use of EBC leads to lower levels of future accounting returns. I also find that the determinants of the proportion of EBC are different between the two samples.
Decimals And Liquidity: A Study Of The Nyse
Authors: Chakravarty Sugato , Wood Robert A. , Van Ness Robert A. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractUsing a carefully constructed matched sample of control (nondecimal) stocks, we isolate the effects of decimalization for a sample of NYSE‐listed common stocks trading in decimals. We find that the quoted depth as well as the quoted and effective bid‐ask spreads declined significantly following decimalization. Additionally, both the number of trades and trading volume declined significantly. Stock return volatilities display an initial increase but a decline over the longer term, probably as traders become more comfortable in their new milieu.
Contagion in financial markets after September 11: myth or reality?
Authors: Hon Mark T. , Strauss Jack , Yong Soo‐Keong 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMajor global events can lead to a change in the cross‐country correlation of assets. Using stock prices from 25 economies, we test whether the terrorist attack in the United States on September 11, 2001, resulted in a contagion—an increase in correlation across global financial markets. Unlike prior works on contagion, we model the intrinsic heteroskedasticity. Our results indicate that international stock markets, particularly in Europe, responded more closely to U.S. stock market shocks in the three to six months after the crisis than before. Our evidence suggests that the benefits of international diversification in times of crisis are substantially diminished.
Syndicated Loan Announcements and Borrower Value
Authors: Gasbarro Dominic , Le Kim‐Song , Schwebach Robert G. , Zumwalt J. Kenton 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAnnouncements of syndication loans increase borrowers' shareholder wealth if they are revolving credit agreements but not if they are term loans. Share price responses to revolving credit announcements are positive and significant, whereas the wealth effect for term loans is negative and significant. The results show that announcements from both the financial press and commercial information providers can affect borrower share price reaction. Overall, single syndication announcements appear to be more newsworthy than multiple announcements reported in the financial press, and we find evidence of information leakage, post‐announcement drift, or both.
A LOW-COST EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR INTERNET BASED POWER MEASUREMENT
Authors: YEARY M. , SWEENEY J. , SWAN B. , CULP C. 
Published: February 2004

This paper introduces a low-cost (i.e. economically competitive, yet functionally robust) embedded system known as the InterDAQ (i.e. Internet Data AcQuisition). The current energy savings technology relies on conventional data logging systems, in which two major barriers exist. Foremost is the fact that retrieving the energy data is not convenient, and the cost of the data logging equipment is high. The interdisciplinary solution presented here to accomplish these goals is to include a miniature web server in a remote-logging module, which we designed as part of our device, thus allowing data to be accessed more frequently, via the Internet. To illustrate a state-of-the-art application in which remote, low-cost monitoring is needed, it is worth mentioning that distributed power generation is gaining national and international attention.1–3 The main energy source of distributed power is derived from a fuel cell, a micro-turbine, or a photo-voltaic cell. Distributed power systems offer a potential increase in efficiency by localizing power generation and eliminating the need for transmission.1 Distributed power also offers increased reliability, uninterruptible service, and energy cost savings.2If an energy savings program is to be implemented, then a low-cost energy monitoring strategy is paramount. Our Internet appliance provides such a solution, and this paper summarizes our implementation details and provides a computer screen-capture of the data posted on the Web.