bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition Increases Dentate Granule Cell Proliferation in Immature Rats After Status Epilepticus
Authors: Nunes Magda Lahorgue , Liptáková Sona , Velíšková Jana , Sperber Ellen F. , Moshé Solomon L. 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: Nutritional insults early in life have a profound and often permanent effect on the development of the central nervous system. A direct relationship between malnutrition and epilepsy has not been established; however, it is believed that inadequate nutrition may predispose the brain to seizures. This study was designed to determine whether neonatally malnourished rats are different from nourished rats in terms of flurothyl seizure susceptibility at postnatal day (P)15, in the behavioral manifestations of seizures, and in status epilepticus–induced hippocampal injury. Methods: Sprague‐Dawley rat pups were maintained on a starvation regimen from P2 until P17. Age‐matched control rats were not exposed to starvation. At P15, all animals were exposed to flurothyl‐induced status epilepticus. At P17, the rats received a single injection of bromodeoxyuridine (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal) to determine the extent of genesis of new cells in the dentate gyrus. At P18, the rats were killed, and the brains were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: Preliminary analysis indicates that early malnutrition did not modify flurothyl seizure susceptibility or the behavioral manifestations of seizures at P15. Histological assessment did not reveal any evidence of hippocampal cell loss after status epilepticus in either group. Malnutrition per se induced an increase in the genesis of new cells in the anterior dentate granule cell layer. Although exposure to status epilepticus augmented the expression of new cells in the dentate gyrus in both groups, this expression was more pronounced in the malnourished group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that malnutrition early in life alters dentate plasticity but not the susceptibility to flurothyl seizures. Although status epilepticus can increase the expression of new cells in the dentate gyrus in immature rats, malnutrition followed by status epilepticus further increases dentate granule cell proliferation.
Different Patterns of Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 and Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Messenger RNAs During Kindling Epileptogenesis, and Development of a Herpes Simplex Vector for Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 Gene Transfer in Vivo
Authors: Bregola Gianni , Frigati Linda , Zucchini Silvia , Simonato Michele 
Published: August 2005

Summary: Purpose: To investigate the gene expression patterns of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) in the kindling model, and to construct a replication‐defective herpes simplex virus vector to induce expression of FGF‐2 in vivo. Methods: RNase protection assay and herpes simplex virus vector (TH FGF‐2) deleted in the immediate‐early genes ICP4, ICP22, and ICP27, with FGF‐2 inserted in tk under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate‐early promoter. Results: A single kindling stimulation did not modify BDNF gene expression, whereas it increased FGF‐2 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the hippocampus, the cortex, and the hypothalamus. BDNF and FGF‐2 gene expression were not altered in kindled animals left unstimulated for 1 week. In contrast, kindled seizures produced a great increase in hippocampal and cortical BDNF mRNA levels, but FGF‐2 mRNA was increased only in the ipsilateral cortex. Infection of Vero cells with TH FGF‐2 resulted in a long‐lasting increase in FGF‐2 levels. Protein extracts of infected cells induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells, indicating that the newly synthesized FGF‐2 was biologically active. Robust transient transgene expression was observed in the rat hippocampus after inoculation with TH FGF‐2 in the absence of significant toxicity. Conclusions: BDNF and FGF‐2 are recruited at different stages of kindling and, accordingly, may play different roles in the adaptive changes taking place during epileptogenesis. TH FGF‐2 is suitable for studies of FGF‐2 involvement in kindling epileptogenesis.
Ictal “Doppelganger” Experience.
Authors: Hara Sumio , Takei Shigeki , Yokoyama Naohiro , Hara Tsunekatu 
Published: August 2005

Purpose: To believe in another sclf (“Doppelganger” experience) connotes eithcr a sensation of another self being nearby (“leibhaftige BewuBtsein” type) or autoscopy. Such experiences can occur as a component of a simple partial seizure with psychic symptomatology. Ictal autoscopies are dividcd into (1) seeing another self as if in a familiar scene in the past (scene type): and (2) seeing another self as if in a mirror (mirror type). We here summarize features of patients with the ictal “Doppelganger” experience. Method: Thirteen right‐handed people with epilepsy with the ictal “Doppelganger” experience (3 men and 10 women: mean age, 42.5 years: range, 22–57 years) were studied. Results: In any given seizure, “Doppelganger” experiences were preceded by I or more of subjective components, which, as depicted below, are listed in order of appearance and are linked by arrows: déjà vu → depersonalization 4 “Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige BewuBtsein” type (1 case), déjà vu depersonalization “Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige BewuBtsein” type → autoscopy of scene type (2 cases), déjà vu → depersonalization →“Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige Be‐ wuBtscin” type déjà autoscopy of mirror type (2 cases), déjà vu → dcpersoiialization → autoscopy of scene type (2 cases), déjà vu →“Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige BewuBtsein” type autoscopy of scene type (2 cases), déjà vu autoscopy of scene type (Icase), depersonalization 4 “Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige BewuBtsein” type (1 case), depersonalization →“Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige BewuBtsein” type → autoscopy of mirror type (Icase), elementary visual hallucination, visual illusion → autoscopy of mirror type (2cases). The interictal EEG showed temporal spike foci in 7cases with autoscopy of scene type and 2 cases with no seizure evolution further than “Doppelganger” of “leibhaftige BewuRtsein” type. Three of 4 cases of patients with seizures and the autoscopy of mirror type showed parietooccipital spike foci. Of 13 cases, the seizure focus was left in 6, right in 6, and bilateral in I. SPECT imaging revealed regions of hypoper‐ fusion, usually correlated to regions of EEG spiking. Conclusion: Ictal Doppelganger experiences include features of déjà VLI depersonalization Doppelganger of leibhaftige BewuBtsein and autoscopy. SPECT imaging and interictal EEG demonstrate that the autoscopy of scene type is associated with temporal lobe foci, while autoscopy of mirror type usually is associated with parieto‐ occipital foci. Laterality borc no relevance to the ictal “Doppelganger” experience.
Tobacco smoking and periodontal bone height in a Saudi Arabian population
Authors: Natto Suzan , Baljoon Mostafa , Bergström Jan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAim: To study the association between tobacco smoking, in particular water pipe smoking, and periodontal bone height.Methods: A study sample of 355 individuals in the age range 17–60 years was recruited from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The smoking behavior was registered through a questionnaire during interview. Participants were stratified into water pipe smokers (33%), cigarette smokers (20%), mixed smokers (19%) and non‐smokers (28%). The periodontal bone height was measured from digital panoramic radiographs mesially and distally to each tooth and expressed as a percentage of the root length.Results: The mean periodontal bone height was 76.2% for water pipe smokers, 75.8% for cigarette smokers, 80.2% for mixed smokers and 80.9% for non‐smokers. The association between smoking and mean bone height was statistically significant controlling for age (p<0.001). The association between life‐time smoking exposure and mean bone height controlling for age was statistically significant in water pipe smokers and cigarette smokers (p<0.01).The prevalence of bone loss in excess of 30% of the bone height was 27% in water pipe smokers, 24% in cigarette smokers, 9% in mixed smokers and 6% in non‐smokers. The prevalence was significantly greater in water pipe smokers and cigarette smokers compared with non‐smokers (p<0.001). The relative risk of periodontal bone loss associated with water pipe and cigarette smoking after adjustment for age was 3.5‐fold and 4.3‐fold elevated, respectively, compared with non‐smoking (p<0.01).Conclusion: An association between tobacco smoking and periodontal bone height reduction is observed. The impact of water pipe smoking is of the same magnitude as that of cigarette smoking.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21‐Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Glatt Kathleen , Garzon Dawn Lee , Popovic Jadranka 
Published: August 2005

PURPOSE.  To provide an in‐depth exploration of the complex and potentially life‐threatening condition, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). CONCLUSIONS.  CAH affects adrenal gland function, resulting in abnormal steroidogenesis caused by a deficiency or complete lack of the enzyme 21‐hydroxylase (accounting for 90% of CAH cases). Clinical manifestations include ambiguous genitalia in female newborns and life‐threatening salt‐wasting crisis in both male and female newborns. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Nurses should encourage and assist CAH patients and their parents in taking an active role in the management of their condition. Each stage of growth and development will bring new challenges and questions for patients and their parents.
Input Torque Balancing Using an Inverted Cam
Mechanism
Authors: Demeulenaere Bram , De Schutter Joris 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Input torque balancing through addition of an auxiliary, input torque balancing mechanism, is a well-known way for reducing drive speed fluctuations in high-speed cam-follower mechanisms. This paper develops a methodology to design and optimize the so-called inverted cam mechanism (ICM), a simple, cam-based input torque balancing mechanism. It was already introduced in the 1950s, but the design methodologies proposed by Meyer zur Capellen (1964) and Michelin (1979) are, respectively, erroneous or too rough an approximation, and are corrected here. The describing equation that governs the ICM cam design, is shown to be a second-order, nonlinear, ordinary differential equation. It is solved by parameterizing its solution as a finite Fourier series, the coefficients of which are determined through a nonlinear least-squares problem. Based on this methodology, an ICM is designed for input torque balancing a high-speed, industrial cam-follower mechanism. The ICM’s design parameters result from a design optimization, which aims at obtaining a compact and technologically feasible mechanism. The optimization problem is solved using a design chart, which is efficiently created based on a nondimensionalized analysis.
The Bacteriophage 434 Repressor Dimer Preferentially Undergoes Autoproteolysis by an Intramolecular Mechanism
Authors: McCabe Barbara C. , Pawlowski David R. , Koudelka Gerald B. 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACT
Inactivation of the lambdoid phage repressor protein is necessary to induce lytic growth of a lambdoid prophage. Activated RecA, the mediator of the host SOS response to DNA damage, causes inactivation of the repressor by stimulating the repressor's nascent autocleavage activity. The repressor of bacteriophage lambda and its homolog, LexA, preferentially undergo RecA-stimulated autocleavage as free monomers, which requires that each monomer mediates its own (intramolecular) cleavage. The cI repressor of bacteriophage 434 preferentially undergoes autocleavage as a dimer specifically bound to DNA, opening the possibility that one 434 repressor subunit may catalyze proteolysis of its partner subunit (intermolecular cleavage) in the DNA-bound dimer. Here, we first identified and mutagenized the residues at the cleavage and active sites of 434 repressor. We utilized the mutant repressors to show that the DNA-bound 434 repressor dimer overwhelmingly prefers to use an intramolecular mechanism of autocleavage. Our data suggest that the 434 repressor cannot be forced to use an intermolecular cleavage mechanism. Based on these data, we propose a model in which the cleavage-competent conformation of the repressor is stabilized by operator binding.
Jerome Dedicates his Vita Hilarionis
Authors: Harvey Paul 
Published: August 2005

AbstractJerome's three exercises in hagiography, his Paul, Malchus, and Hilarion, as printed in our standard editions, lack dedications. The manuscript tradition, however, reveals a special (possibly first) edition of the Hilarion explicitly dedicated to the ascetic Roman woman Asella. The present study reviews the nature of the pertinent manuscript evidence, identifies the discovery of the dedication in the early seventeenth century, and then discusses the dedication's loss from scholarly sight (and why it was lost), until its rediscovery by a graduate student at the University of Illinois in the 1930s. Finally, the literary and social contexts prompting Jerome's dedication of this particular vita to Asella are discussed.
Lessons from European Population Genetic Databases: Comparing the Law in Estonia, Iceland, Sweden and the United Kingdom
Authors: Nõmper Ants , Helgason HörÐur Helgi , Wendel Lotta , Kaye Jane , Gibbons Susan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe advent of large-scale, population genetic databases (PGDs) in several countries around the world marks a significant development in human DNA banking and genetic research. The European countries that have led the way in the development of PGDs are Iceland, Sweden, Estonia and the U.K. In legal terms, the emergence of PGDs has been far from straightforward as such projects pose a range of difficult and complex issues for the law to address. This article canvasses the current law in Iceland, Estonia, Sweden and the U.K. on four fundamental issues of principle pertaining to PGDs, in order to illustrate the difficulties that have emerged around PGDs, highlight key areas of legal concern, and shed light on possible ways forward. It compares and contrasts the differing legal positions and lawmakers' responses to date in these four European countries that have established PGDs or are seeking to do so. The four fundamental issues examined are: (1) consent, especially for secondary research purposes; (2) ownership of biological samples, data and databases; (3) the rights of certain third parties to gain access to, and to use, PGD biological samples and data; and (4) benefit sharing, including the provision of feedback and genetic counselling to participants. This analysis may offer some guidance for policymakers in other jurisdictions where PGDs have been proposed or are being established.
Serum Neuron‐specific Enolase as a Predictor of Short‐term Outcome in Children with Closed Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Subhankar , Hennes Halim , Gorelick Marc H. , Wells Robert G. , Walsh‐Kelly Christine M. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Background: Closed traumatic brain injury (cTBI) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in children. The natural course and extent of recovery from cTBI in children are poorly understood. Neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), an enzyme detected in serum following structural damage of neuronal brain cells, appears to be a good marker for intracranial injury. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the usefulness of NSE as a predictor of disability in children with cTBI has not been reported. Objectives: To examine the association between posttraumatic serum NSE level and short‐term physical disability in children with cTBI. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort of children aged 0–18 years with isolated cTBI presenting to the emergency department (ED) within 24 hours of injury, and having a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan as part of the evaluation. The NSE level was obtained at the time of ED evaluation. Physical disability was measured using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The GOS score was assigned retrospectively for enrolled patients by a single investigator blinded to NSE level. Patient outcomes were categorized as good (GOS = 5) or poor (GOS < 5). A single radiologist reviewed all cranial CT scans. Results: Ninety eligible subjects with NSE levels were identified; 86 met the enrollment criteria. Seven subjects (8%) had poor outcome. There was a significant difference in NSE levels between the poor and good outcome groups, even within high‐risk subgroups. The area under the curve (AUC) for NSE prediction of poor vs. good outcome was 0.83. A serum NSE level of 21.2 ng/dL was 86% sensitive and 74% specific in predicting poor outcome. Conclusions: It appears that the serum NSE level can be used as a predictor of global short‐term physical disability in children following cTBI.
Obese Patients with Abdominal Pain Presenting to the Emergency Department Do Not Require More Time or Resources for Evaluation Than Nonobese Patients
Authors: Platts‐Mills Timothy F. , Burg Michael D. , Snowden Brandy 
Published: August 2005

Abstract Objectives: The authors describe the evaluation of obese and nonobese adult patients with abdominal pain presenting to an emergency department (ED). The hypothesis was that more ED and hospital resources are used to evaluate and treat obese patients. Methods: A prospective observational study of obese (n= 98; body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese (n= 176; body mass index < 30 kg/m2) adults presenting to the ED with abdominal pain was performed. ED length of stay (LOS) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included use of laboratory tests, computed tomography, and ultrasonography, and rates of consultations, operations, and admissions. ED diagnoses were compared between the two groups. Results: Obese patients were older (41.9 vs. 38.3 years; p = 0.027) and more often female (69% vs. 51%; p = 0.003) than nonobese patients. There were no significant differences between obese and nonobese patients in either the primary or the secondary outcome measures. Obese patients were similar to nonobese patients in regard to LOS (457 vs. 486 minutes), laboratory studies (3.2 vs. 2.9 tests), abdominopelvic computed tomographic scans (30% vs. 31%), and abdominal ultrasounds (16% vs. 13%). Obese and nonobese patients were also similar in their rates of consultations (27% vs. 31%), operations (14% vs. 12%), and admissions (18% vs. 24%). No difference was found for LOS between obese and nonobese patients as evaluated by the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test (p = 0.81). Logistic regression analysis controlling for baseline characteristics revealed no significant differences between obese and nonobese patients for secondary outcome variables. ED diagnoses for obese and nonobese patients were similar except that genitourinary diagnoses were less common in obese patients (8% vs. 21%; p = 0.01). Conclusions: In contradiction to the hypothesis, the results suggest that LOS and ED resource use in obese patients with abdominal pain are not increased when compared with nonobese patients.
Stationary transversal hot zones in adiabatic packed‐bed reactors
Authors: Viswanathan G. , Luss D. , Bindal A. , Khinast J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA pseudo‐homogeneous model predicts that a stationary, stable, transversal nonuniform temperature pattern cannot form in any cross section of an adiabatic packed‐bed reactor used to conduct a single reaction, if its dynamics depends only on the concentration of a limiting reactant and temperature. This is due to the fact that the transversal heat dispersion in the reactor is larger than that of the limiting reactant. This conclusion is proved for a shallow packed‐bed reactor described by a pseudo‐homogeneous model. Extensive numerical simulations showed that a two‐phase model of an adiabatic packed‐bed reactor exhibits the same behavioral features. A stable, stationary hot zone can form in the cross section of the reactor only under the unrealistic assumption that the transversal species dispersion exceeded that of the temperature. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Association of malignant disease with critical leg ischaemia
Authors: El Sakka K , Gambhir R P S , Halawa M , Chong P , Rashid H 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of malignant disease in patients with critical leg ischaemia (CLI).

Methods
Data for all patients with CLI presenting to a tertiary vascular unit over an 18-month interval were collected prospectively. Patients with clinical, laboratory or radiological features suggestive of malignancy were evaluated further.

Results
Of 192 patients admitted with CLI, 22 (11·5 per cent) were found to have an associated malignancy; ten had lung cancer. Fifteen were anaemic on presentation. The prevalence of occult malignancy in patients with acute leg ischaemia was 16 per cent (ten of 62) compared with 9·2 per cent (12 of 130) in those with chronic CLI. Eleven of 22 of patients with CLI and malignancy died within 6 months, compared with 35 (20·6 per cent) of 170 patients with no evidence of malignancy.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of occult cancer was found in patients presenting with CLI; this was associated with a significantly increased mortality rate at 6 months.
Coating of Energetic Materials using Crystallization
Authors: Kim K.‐J. , Kim H.‐S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA sensitive explosive was coated with a less sensitive explosive in order to improve stability while maintaining explosion performance. In this study the sensitive explosive HMX was coated with the less sensitive explosive NTO (3‐nitro‐1, 2, 4‐triazole‐5‐one) by cooling crystallization. The mechanism of coating by crystallization was determined to be an agglomeration and crystal growth phenomenon. The surface morphology and the growth rate of the coating were investigated under various experimental conditions. The surface morphology was predominantly influenced by the solvent type, HMX/NTO ratio, agitation speed, and degree of sub‐cooling. The growth rate of the HMX coating was increased to a certain extent by increasing the concentration ratio of HMX/NTO, but then began to decrease because of high agglomeration. Finally, the optimal conditions to achieve thin and uniform surface coatings on HMX were found experimentally.
Higher Triplet Excited States of Benzophenones and Bimolecular Triplet Energy Transfer Measured by Using Nanosecond–Picosecond Two‐Color/Two‐Laser Flash Photolysis
Authors: Cai Xichen , Sakamoto Masanori , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe lifetimes of benzophenone in the higher triplet excited state (BP(Tn)) and several BP derivatives in the Tn states were measured directly to be τTn=37±7 ps and 20–33 ps, respectively, by using the nanosecond–picosecond (ns–ps) two‐color/two‐laser flash photolysis method. Based on the direct measurements of τTn of BP(Tn), the triplet energy transfer (TET) from BP(Tn) to quenchers (Q), such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), benzene (Bz), and p‐dichlorbenzene (DCB), was investigated. The fast TET from BP(Tn) to Q can be attributed to the lifetime‐dependent quenching process, according to the Ware theoretical model of the bimolecular energy transfer reaction. The contribution of the lifetime‐dependent term on kTET was 27, 60, and 86 % for CCl4, Bz, and DCB as the Q of BP(Tn), respectively, indicating that the TET from BP(Tn) to Q is influenced not only by τTn, but also by the size of Q.