bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astronomy for Girls
Authors: Ferguson Susanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn 1874–75 American Protestant missionaries in Beirut published two astronomy textbooks in Arabic. While male students at the Syrian Protestant College studied Cornelius Van Dyck’s Foundations of Astronomy, girls at secondary schools—the highest level of female education—studied Eliza Everett’s Principles of Astronomy: For Use in Schools. These texts appeared at the height of a cross-cultural encounter between American Protestants and the inhabitants of Beirut and Mount Lebanon that added new meanings to the Arabic concept of science (ʿilm). Historians have analyzed men’s discussions to chart how ʿilm, once a broad category akin to “knowledge” in English, came to include a neo-Baconian understanding of the modern English “science.” This article turns to science pedagogy, a field that included both men and women, to argue that the conceptual transformation of ʿilm also entailed an epistemological division along lines of gender and age. Overall, the story reveals how a study of women in science sheds light on the gendered history of science in Arabic.
The Body in Pain and Pleasure
Authors: Bakhtvar Narges Montakhabi , Niknezhad-Ferdos Hoda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Women’s bodily experiences, radically stigmatized in Persian culture, have barely been approached in the literature of Iran. However, Rosa Jamali, an eminent postmodern poet in contemporary Iran, mobilizes her poetic palette with a phenomenological perception of pain and pleasure in the female body as a means of self-expression. For her, the female body can be portrayed via indirection and insinuation through which bodily dys-appearance (pain) and eu-appearance (pleasure) are invoked. Resonating with Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of “body-subject” alongside Farzaneh Milani’s “neotraditional feminism,” Jamali’s oeuvre conceptualizes the body of a Persian woman in proximity to deeply entrenched values in Persian culture so as to transgress them. By displaying a poetic performance of intercorporeality, Jamali encounters the inscrutable female body and draws it within the contours of manifold intersomatic connections with the surrounding world, cultural memories, and archetypal images.
The Political in Iraq’s Thawra Teshreen
Authors: Ali Zahra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores the meaning and significance of the political in the October 2019 uprising in Iraq, commonly called Thawra Teshreen, through the lens of gender, space, and emancipation. It looks at the spatiality of the protests, considering both discursive and material dimensions and centering the experience of the gendered body. At the same time, it breaks with binary lenses of agency and resistance and with preconceived and universalist notions of rights and claims to representation. It proposes instead a situational understanding of power and subjectivation. The article analyzes the gendered and sexual dimensions of Thawra Teshreen and explores its discursive, material, and imaginary space production through the massive corporeal presence of protesters in the streets and their cybermobilization. It shows that protesters have put forward their own politics of life and death in mobilizing against the political, structural, and infrastructural forces of death that shape their experiences. It argues that women’s participation constitutes an emancipated subjectivation that goes beyond the identitarian.
Axons of cortical basket cells originating from dendrites develop higher local complexity than axons emerging from basket cell somata
Authors: Gonda Steffen , Riedel Christian , Reiner Andreas , Köhler Ina , Wahle Petra 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Neuronal differentiation is regulated by neuronal activity. Here, we analyzed dendritic and axonal growth of Basket cells (BCs) and non-Basket cells (non-BCs) using sparse transfection of channelrhodopsin-YFP and repetitive optogenetic stimulation in slice cultures of rat visual cortex. Neocortical interneurons often display axon-carrying dendrites (AcDs). We found that the AcDs of BCs and non-BCs were, on average, the most complex dendrites. Further, the AcD configuration had an influence on BC axonal development. Axons originating from an AcD formed denser arborizations with more terminal endings within the dendritic field of the parent cell. Intriguingly, this occurred already in unstimulated BCs, and complexity was not increased further by optogenetic stimulation. However, optogenetic stimulation exerted a growth-promoting effect on axons emerging from BC somata. The axons of non-BCs neither responded to the AcD configuration nor to the optogenetic stimulation. The results suggest that the formation of locally dense BC plexuses is regulated by spontaneous activity. Moreover, in the AcD configuration, the AcD and the axon it carries mutually support each other's growth.
Structure and dynamics of the contractile vacuole complex in Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Cheng Chao-Yin , Romero Daniel P. , Zoltner Martin , Yao Meng-Chao , Turkewitz Aaron P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The contractile vacuole complex (CVC) is a dynamic and morphologically complex membrane organelle, comprising a large vesicle (bladder) linked with a tubular reticulum (spongiome). CVCs provide key osmoregulatory roles across diverse eukaryotic lineages, but probing the mechanisms underlying their structure and function is hampered by the limited tools available for in vivo analysis. In the experimentally tractable ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, we describe four proteins that, as endogenously tagged constructs, localize specifically to distinct CVC zones. The DOPEY homolog Dop1p and the CORVET subunit Vps8Dp localize both to the bladder and spongiome but with different local distributions that are sensitive to osmotic perturbation, whereas the lipid scramblase Scr7p colocalizes with Vps8Dp. The H+-ATPase subunit Vma4 is spongiome specific. The live imaging permitted by these probes revealed dynamics at multiple scales including rapid exchange of CVC-localized and soluble protein pools versus lateral diffusion in the spongiome, spongiome extension and branching, and CVC formation during mitosis. Although the association with DOP1 and VPS8D implicate the CVC in endosomal trafficking, both the bladder and spongiome might be isolated from bulk endocytic input.
Cholesterol is required for activity-dependent synaptic growth
Authors: Shaheen Amber , Richter Gorey Claire L. , Sghaier Adam , Dason Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Changes in cholesterol content of neuronal membranes occur during development and brain aging. Little is known about whether synaptic activity regulates cholesterol levels in neuronal membranes and whether these changes affect neuronal development and function. We generated transgenic flies that express the cholesterol-binding D4H domain of perfringolysin O toxin and found increased levels of cholesterol in presynaptic terminals of Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions following increased synaptic activity. Reduced cholesterol impaired synaptic growth and largely prevented activity-dependent synaptic growth. Presynaptic knockdown of adenylyl cyclase phenocopied the impaired synaptic growth caused by reducing cholesterol. Furthermore, the effects of knocking down adenylyl cyclase and reducing cholesterol were not additive, suggesting that they function in the same pathway. Increasing cAMP levels using a dunce mutant with reduced phosphodiesterase activity failed to rescue this impaired synaptic growth, suggesting that cholesterol functions downstream of cAMP. We used a protein kinase A (PKA) sensor to show that reducing cholesterol levels reduced presynaptic PKA activity. Collectively, our results demonstrate that enhanced synaptic activity increased cholesterol levels in presynaptic terminals and that these changes likely activate the cAMP-PKA pathway during activity-dependent growth.
Multi-omics reveals largely distinct transcript- and protein-level responses to the environment in an intertidal mussel
Authors: Gleason Lani U. , Fekete Florian J. , Tanner Richelle L. , Dowd W. Wesley 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Organismal responses to stressful environments are influenced by numerous transcript- and protein-level mechanisms, and the relationships between expression changes at these levels are not always straightforward. Here, we used paired transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from two previous studies from gill of the California mussel, Mytilus californianus, to explore how simultaneous transcript and protein abundance patterns may diverge under different environmental scenarios. Field-acclimatized mussels were sampled from two disparate intertidal sites; individuals from one site were subjected to three further treatments (common garden, low-intertidal or high-intertidal outplant) that vary in temperature and feeding time. Assessing 1519 genes shared between the two datasets revealed that both transcript and protein expression patterns differentiated the treatments at a global level, despite numerous underlying discrepancies. There were far more instances of differential expression between treatments in transcript only (1451) or protein only (226) than of the two levels shifting expression concordantly (68 instances). Upregulated expression of cilium-associated transcripts (likely related to feeding) was associated with relatively benign field treatments. In the most stressful treatment, transcripts, but not proteins, for several molecular chaperones (including heat shock proteins and endoplasmic reticulum chaperones) were more abundant, consistent with a threshold model for induction of translation of constitutively available mRNAs. Overall, these results suggest that the relative importance of transcript- and protein-level regulation (translation and/or turnover) differs among cellular functions and across specific microhabitats or environmental contexts. Furthermore, the degree of concordance between transcript and protein expression can vary across benign versus acutely stressful environmental conditions.
Speed-specific optimal contractile conditions of the human soleus muscle from slow to maximum running speed
Authors: Bohm Sebastian , Mersmann Falk , Schroll Arno , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The soleus is the main muscle for propulsion during human running but its operating behavior across the spectrum of physiological running speeds is currently unknown. This study experimentally investigated the soleus muscle activation patterns and contractile conditions for force generation, power production and efficient work production (i.e. force–length potential, force–velocity potential, power–velocity potential and enthalpy efficiency) at seven running speeds (3.0 m s−1 to individual maximum). During submaximal running (3.0–6.0 m s−1), the soleus fascicles shortened close to optimal length and at a velocity close to the efficiency maximum, two contractile conditions for economical work production. At higher running speeds (7.0 m s−1 to maximum), the soleus muscle fascicles still operated near optimum length, yet the fascicle shortening velocity increased and shifted towards the optimum for mechanical power production with a simultaneous increase in muscle activation, providing evidence for three cumulative mechanisms to enhance mechanical power production. Using the experimentally determined force–length–velocity potentials and muscle activation as inputs in a Hill-type muscle model, a reduction in maximum soleus muscle force at speeds ≥7.0 m s−1 and a continuous increase in maximum mechanical power with speed were predicted. The reduction in soleus maximum force was associated with a reduced force–velocity potential. The increase in maximum power was explained by an enhancement of muscle activation and contractile conditions until 7.0 m s−1, but mainly by increased muscle activation at high to maximal running speed.
Impact of Imaging-Guided Localization on Performance of Tailored Axillary Surgery in Patients with Clinically Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Prospective Cohort Study Within TAXIS (OPBC-03, SAKK 23/16, IBCSG 57-18, ABCSG-53, GBG 101)
Authors: Weber Walter P. , Heidinger Martin , Hayoz Stefanie , Matrai Zoltan , Tausch Christoph , Henke Guido , Zwahlen Daniel R. , Gruber Günther , Zimmermann Frank , Montagna Giacomo , Andreozzi Mariacarla , Goldschmidt Maite , Schulz Alexandra , Mueller Andreas , Ackerknecht Markus , Tampaki Ekaterini Christina , Bjelic-Radisic Vesna , Kurzeder Christian , Sávolt Ákos , Smanykó Viktor , Hagen Daniela , Müller Dieter J. , Gnant Michael , Loibl Sibylle , Fitzal Florian , Markellou Pagona , Bekes Inga , Egle Daniel , Heil Jörg , Knauer Michael 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Tailored axillary surgery (TAS) is a novel surgical concept for clinical node-positive breast cancer. It consists of the removal of the sentinel lymph nodes (LNs), as well as palpably suspicious nodes. The TAS technique can be utilized in both the upfront and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) setting. This study assessed whether/how imaging-guided localization (IGL) influenced TAS.

Patients and Methods
This was a prospective observational cohort study preplanned in the randomized phase-III OPBC-03/TAXIS trial. IGL was performed at the surgeon’s discretion for targeted removal of LNs during TAS. Immediate back-up axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) followed TAS according to TAXIS randomization.

Results
Five-hundred patients were included from 44 breast centers in six countries, 151 (30.2%) of whom underwent NACT. IGL was performed in 84.4% of all patients, with significant variation by country (77.6–100%, p < 0.001). No difference in the median number of removed (5 vs. 4, p = 0.3) and positive (2 vs. 2, p = 0.6) LNs by use of IGL was noted. The number of LNs removed during TAS with IGL remained stable over time (p = 0.8), but decreased significantly without IGL, from six (IQR 4–6) in 2019 to four (IQR 3–4) in 2022 (p = 0.015). An ALND was performed in 249 patients, removing another 12 (IQR 9–17) LNs, in which a median number of 1 (IQR 0–4) was positive. There was no significant difference in residual nodal disease after TAS with or without IGL (68.0% vs. 57.6%, p = 0.2).

Conclusions
IGL did not significantly change either the performance of TAS or the volume of residual nodal tumor burden.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03513614.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards palliative care provided to patients diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Altarawneh Walaa Mohammed , Masa’deh Rami , Hamaideh Shaher H. , Saleh Ahmad M. , Alhalaiqa Fadwa 
Published: October 2023

Aim and objectives
This study aimed to explore the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward palliative care (PC) among nurses working with patients diagnosed with cancer in Jordan.

Background
PC is a growing specialty in healthcare and nursing in Jordan with an increased need to expand its scope, develop policies to govern it, and increase the awareness of its importance especially for patients diagnosed with cancer.

Design
Cross sectional design was used in the current study.

Methods
Using an online self-report questionnaire data was collected from 228 nurses working at four hospitals in Amman. The four hospitals were from three different healthcare sectors: one public, one educational, and two private hospitals. A convenience sampling method was employed.

Results
Results showed a low level of PC knowledge (M = 8.8), a moderate level of attitudes (M = 80.9) toward dying patients, and a moderate level of PC practices (M = 52.7). Differences in PC knowledge, attitudes, and practices were found in regard to nurses’ gender, level of education, PC training, years of experience, and working sector. Significant correlations were found between PC practices with both PC knowledge and attitudes toward dying patients. No significant relationship between PC knowledge and attitudes toward dying patients.

Conclusion
Low level of PC knowledge and moderate level of attitudes toward dying patients. Differences in PC knowledge, attitudes, and practices were found in regard to some participants’ demographics.
Effect of acupuncture or moxibustion at Acupoints Weizhong (BL40) or Chize (LU5) on the change in lumbar temperature in healthy adults: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design
Authors: Zheng Siyi , Shen Qiongying , Lyu Zhengyi , Tian Shuxin , Huang Xiaoxiao , Liu Yiyue , Yu Xiaoshuai , Pan Wei , Nie Na , Liang Yi , Fang Jianqiao 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundLow back pain is a common complaint among adults, and moxibustion and acupuncture are commonly used treatments. In traditional theory, Weizhong (BL40) is a popular acupoint, as supported by the saying “Yao Bei Wei Zhong Qiu.” However, the difference in efficacy between acupuncture and moxibustion remains unclear. Therefore, this trial will compare the thermal effects of acupuncture and moxibustion at BL40 and Chize point (LU5) in healthy adults to provide more objective evidence regarding the relationship between the lumbar and BL40.Method/DesignThe trial will use a two-by-two factorial design, randomly assigning 140 participants to four groups (acupuncture at Weizhong (BL40), acupuncture at Chize (LU5), moxibustion at Weizhong (BL40), and moxibustion at Chize (LU5)) at a ratio of 1:1:1:1. Each group will undergo a 30-minute intervention, with the primary outcome being mean temperature in the lumbar region at the last minute of the intervention period. Secondary outcomes include maximum lumbar temperature in the lumbar region at the last minute of the intervention, average lumbar temperature and average bladder meridian temperature at specific time points during and after the intervention, and scores on the warming sensation questionnaire. Data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis.DiscussionThis study will be the first to compare the thermal effect difference in the lumbar area between acupuncture and moxibustion in healthy individuals. The findings of this study will provide new insights for the "Yao Bei Wei Zhong Qiu" theory of traditional Chinese medicine.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, Trial number:NCT05665426. Registered on 26 December 2022.
Desirability function analysis approach for optimization of fused deposition modelling process parameters
Authors: Tarigonda Hariprasad , Lakshmi Kala Koyyagura , Gnanaprakash Peedinti , Raghurami Reddy Doddipalli , Harsha Vardhan Reddy Konareddy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study uses desirability function analysis to optimize the process parameters namely layer thickness, fill pattern, fill density, and build orientation for fused deposition modelling on polyethylene terephthalate glycol material. The Taguchi-desirability function analysis is one of the optimization techniques for the multi-objective decision-making process. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is employed in the test trials during the fused deposition modelling process. The output responses measured are dimension error, ductility, and tensile strength. The goal of process parameter optimization is to attain the best of the trials for minimal dimension error and maximum tensile strength and ductility. The best feasible amalgamation of input variables is discovered for the investigated and assessed response features utilizing desirability function analysis. As per the results obtained from experiments, it is concluded that the optimal combination of parameters is layer thickness of 0.1 mm, build orientation of 0°, fill density of 90 % and hexa fill pattern. By following this combination, the error in the dimensions was slightly increased which needed to be reduced, but both tensile strength and ductility were increased which are more desirable characteristics.
Epidemiologic trends of and factors associated with overall survival in patients with neuroendocrine tumors over the last two decades in the USA
Authors: Wu Peiwen , He Dongjie , Chang Hao , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: October 2023

Background
Updated epidemiological data of neuroendocrine tumors are currently lacking. Thus, we performed epidemiological and survival analyses on a large cohort of patients with neuroendocrine tumors and developed a new nomogram to predict survival.

Methods
This population-based study examined 112,256 patients with neuroendocrine tumors between 2000 and 2018 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

Results
The age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 persons of neuroendocrine tumors increased from 4.90 in 2000 to 8.19 in 2018 (annual percentage change, 3.40; 95% confidence interval, 3.13–3.67), with the most significant increases in grade 1, localized stage, and appendix neuroendocrine tumors. The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 3.1-fold from 2000 to 2018 (annual percentage change, 4.14; 95% confidence interval, 3.14–5.15). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year relative survival rates for all neuroendocrine tumors were 80.5%, 68.4%, and 63.5%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that male sex; older age; Black, American Indian, and Alaska Native populations; earlier year of diagnosis; lung neuroendocrine tumors; higher grades; and later stage were associated with a worse prognosis and that disease stage and grade were the most important risk factors for prognosis. Furthermore, we established a nomogram to predict the 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates, and its discrimination ability was better than that of the TNM classification.

Conclusions
The incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate of neuroendocrine tumors continued to increase over the last two decades. Additionally, the nomogram could accurately quantify the risk of death in patients with neuroendocrine tumors and had good clinical practicability.
The dogma of the sterile uterus revisited: does microbial seeding occur during fetal life in humans and animals?
Authors: Banchi Penelope , Colitti Barbara , Opsomer Geert , Rota Ada , Van Soom Ann 
Published: October 2023

In brief
Opposing conclusions have been drawn regarding the presence of viable bacteria in the healthy pregnant uterus. Current evidence in humans and animals suggests that fetomaternal tissues present only traces of bacteria whose viability is still to be proven.

Abstract
The debate about the pioneer colonization of the fetus is still open, being the ‘in utero colonization’ hypothesis versus the ‘sterile womb paradigm’ the two opposing sides. The seed in this field of research sprouted in human medicine in the last decade and became a central topic in other mammals as well. We aimed to review the literature on bacterial colonization of the healthy placenta, amniotic fluid, and meconium as representatives of the fetal environment. What emerges is that confirming the colonization of fetomaternal tissues by viable bacteria is challenging in humans as well as in animals. Contamination represents the major risk in this type of research as it can be related to different parts of the study design. Sampling at natural parturition or postpartum introduces risk for colonization by the vaginal microbiome of the mother or from the environment. Culture does not reveal the presence of unculturable microorganisms, and sequencing does not allow confirming bacterial viability, while also introducing the variability associated with the data analysis. Therefore, on the basis of the present review, we provide some guidelines on the best practices when performing this type of studies. What emerges from the current literature in humans and animals is that fetomaternal tissues are characterized by a very low biomass, that the viability of bacteria eventually present is still to be confirmed, while massive colonization happens at birth, priming the individual, regardless of the species.