bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilution of solar radiation through “culture” lamination in photobioreactor rows facing south–north: A way to improve the efficiency of light utilization by cyanobacteria (Arthrospira platensis)
Authors: Carlozzi Pietro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEfficient utilization of solar radiation for the photoautotrophic production of cyanobacterium biomass was achieved, using small pipes (ID = 0.01 m) arranged in rows in two photobioreactors facing south–north. A high Arthrospira yield of 47.7 g m−2 (installation area) d−1 was attained under outdoor conditions in a tubular undulating row photobioreactor (TURP‐10r). During the summer, under a semicontinuous culture regime, the optimal biomass concentration (OBC) in TURP‐5r was 6.0 g L−1: it was 5.0 g L−1 in TURP‐10r. These OBCs made it possible to produce a biomass output rate of 2.7 ± 0.2 g L−1 d−1 in the former and 2.1 ± 0.1 g L−1 d−1 in the latter. When Arthrospira was grown at a preset dilution rate (0.3 d−1), sunrise cell density (SrCD) variations were not proportional to the drop of solar radiation. The SrCD was comparatively high at high solar radiation and decreased abruptly with decreasing solar radiation. There was a tendency to stabilize at low solar radiation. In both photobioreactors, the chlorophyll content of the Arthrospira biomass (% of the dry weight) was higher at sunrise than at sunset. A comparison of the chlorophyll biomass content in the TURPs showed no significant differences. Night biomass losses were very high (> 30% of the daylight productivity) when the culture temperature was kept constant at 31 ± 1.0°C: these losses fell to < 20% of the daylight productivity, when the night temperature of the cultures decreased according to the environmental temperature. Dilution of solar radiation was carried out using two quasi‐laminated bioreactors. The rows of S–N facing bioreactors showed a very high growth yield in TURP‐10r [about 2.1g (d.w.) MJ−1]. In TURP‐10r, the high photic ratio (Rf = 6), the high surface‐to‐volume ratio (Sill/V = 400 m−1) and the S–N facing of the rows (better than an E–W orientation) allowed for good results. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 81: 305–315, 2003.
Quantitative determination of ragaglitazar in rat plasma by HPLC: validation and application in pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Kota Jagannath , Mullangi Ramesh , Mamidi Rao N. V. S. , Rajagopalan Ramanujam 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA specific, accurate, precise and reproducible high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of ragaglitazar [(−) DRF 2725, NNC 61‐0029], a novel anti‐diabetic agent, in rat plasma. The assay procedure involved simple liquid/liquid extraction of ragaglitazar and internal standard (IS, troglitazone) from plasma into ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen at 40°C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected onto a Kromasil KR 100 − 5C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). Mobile phase consisting of 0.01 M potassium dihydorgen ortho phosphate (pH 3.2) and acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The eluate was monitored using an UV detector set at 240 nm. Ratio of peak area of analyte to IS was used for quantification of plasma samples. Nominal retention times of IS and ragaglitazar were 6.9 and 12.2 min, respectively. The standard curve for ragaglitazar was linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range 0.2–100 µg/mL. Absolute recovery was >87% from rat plasma for both analyte and IS. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of ragaglitazar was 0.2 µg/mL. The inter‐ and intra‐day precision in the measurement of quality control (QC) samples, 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 and 50 µg/mL, were in the range 1.32–3.70% relative standard deviation (RSD) and 1.19–9.39% RSD, respectively. Accuracy in the measurement of QC samples was in the range 94.28–107.45%. Analyte and IS were stable in the battery of stability studies, viz. benchtop, autosampler and freeze/thaw cycles. Stability of ragaglitazar was established for 1 month at −20°C. The application of the assay to a pharmacokinetic study in rats is described. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of lipoprotein lipase activity using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Eguchi Yukinori 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme which regulates the plasma triglyceride concentration by hydrolyzing triglycerides in chylomicrons and very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL). The activity of LPL was conventionally analyzed using radio‐labeled residues or direct sandwich‐ELISA. An assay for lipoprotein lipase activity which used a nonradioactive substrate, tri‐olein, is described. In this method, LPL activity was detected fluorometrically by reacting 9‐anthryldiazomethane (ADAM) with the oleic acid generated from tri‐olein by enzyme activity and separated by reversed‐phase HPLC. This method has been optimized and the optimum enzyme incubation time and reaction time of the generated oleic acid with ADAM were both at 20 min. The method correlated well with the conventional method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and synthesis of a hydrophilic fluorescent derivatization reagent for carboxylic acids, 4‐N‐(4‐N‐aminoethyl)piperazino‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐PZ‐NH2), and its application to capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Santa Tomofumi , Matsumura Daisuke , Huang ChengZhi , Kitada Chieko , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA hydrophilic fluorescent derivatization reagent for fatty acids, 4‐N‐(4‐N‐aminoethyl)piperazino‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐PZ‐NH2), was designed and synthesized. NBD‐PZ‐NH2 possesses not only a fluorophore and a reacting group but also a positive charge group and, thus, was hydrophilic and suitable for application to capillary electrophoresis. NBD‐PZ‐NH2 reacted with fatty acids in the presence of triphenylphosphine (TPP) and 2,2′‐dipyridyl disulfide (DPDS) at room temperature within 10 min. The derivatives were strongly fluoresced and were positively charged at pH below 3. The derivatives of C4‐C20 fatty acids were separated within 10 min in 50% acetonitrile in water containing 30 mM ammonium acetate and 1.0 M acetic acid by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence (CE‐LIF) detection. The detection limits attained were 6.5 nM (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3). It is proposed that NBD‐PZ‐NH2 is a prominent derivatization reagent for fatty acids which is suitable for CE‐LIF application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child and adolescent predictors for eating disorders in a community population of young adult women
Authors: Moorhead Debra J. , Stashwick Cecilia K. , Reinherz Helen Z. , Giaconia Rose M. , Streigel‐Moore Ruth M. , Paradis Angela D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated early predictors for developing eating disorders by young adulthood in a community sample of women participating in a 22‐year longitudinal study.MethodTwenty‐one women were identified at age 27 with lifetime full or partial eating disorders. These women were compared with 47 women with no history of eating disorders on predictive factors from three broad domains.ResultsThe women with eating disorders had more serious health problems before age 5 and mother‐reported anxiety‐depression at age 9. At 15, mothers described them as having more behavior problems. Before age 15, families of the eating disorder group had more histories of depression, eating problems and changes in family financial circumstances.DiscussionThis study identifies early predictors distinguishing girls who develop eating disorders. Findings point to the need for continued research in the area of early health to comprehensively examine the biologic, behavioral, and environmental risks for eating disorders. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 1–9, 2003.
Neuropsychological functioning pretreatment and posttreatment in an inpatient eating disorders program
Authors: Moser David J. , Benjamin Michelle L. , Bayless John D. , McDowell Bradley D. , Paulsen Jane S. , Bowers Wayne A. , Arndt Stephan , Andersen Arnold E. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine whether neuropsychological dysfunction associated with anorexia nervosa resolves with inpatient treatment.MethodSubjects were 28 women being treated for anorexia nervosa. Main study variables included body mass index (BMI), Beck Depression Inventory‐II, and neuropsychological test scores. Subjects were tested at admission and discharge.ResultsNeuropsychological functioning improved across the course of treatment, with significant changes on tests of memory and psychomotor speed. This improvement was not significantly associated with change in BMI or with the other variables that were studied.DiscussionPatients with anorexia nervosa exhibit subtle neuropsychological dysfunction, which resolves at least partially during treatment. This improvement does not appear to be associated with an increase in BMI. However, it is possible that BMI is not a sufficiently sensitive indicator of nutritional status or that longer‐term follow‐up is necessary to reveal the nutrition‐cognition relationship that we were seeking. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 64–70, 2003.
Binge eating in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Decaluwé Veerle , Braet Caroline , Fairburn Christopher G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe first goal of the current study was to examine the extent to which a population of obese children and adolescents have developed binge eating problems. The second goal was to generate variables that would distinguish obese binge eaters from obese non–binge eaters.MethodA group of 126 children and adolescents seeking residential care because of their obesity was selected. A self‐report version of the Eating Disorder Examination was administered.ResultsBinge eating episodes were reported by 36.5% of the obese youngsters. Six percent reported two or more episodes of binge eating a week. Obese binge eaters differed significantly from obese non–binge eaters in self‐esteem and in a broad range of eating‐related characteristics. Compared with obese non–binge eaters, the obese binge eaters were slightly younger. Obese binge eaters did not differ from obese non–binge eaters in degree of overweight or depression.DiscussionResults suggest that binge eating is a prevalent problem among obese children and adolescents seeking help for their obesity. The marked difference between obese children with and without binge eating suggests the need for special treatment to focus on the problems of obese binge eaters. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 78–84, 2003.
“Knowing one's self” anorexic: Implications for therapeutic practice
Authors: Surgenor Lois J. , Plumridge Elizabeth W. , Horn Jacqueline 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectiveRecent postmodernist studies of anorexia nervosa (AN) challenge current clinical understandings and therapies by illuminating not what AN is but how what it is known to be by clinicians helps construct the disorder and therapy for it. This study points to the equal if not greater importance of how patients know AN.MethodsUsing a deconstructive approach, the discourses of a group of women diagnosed with severe AN were analyzed to reveal radically different versions of “knowing one's self” anorexic.ResultsThese versions of “self” have strategically different implications for, and meanings of, any therapeutic endeavour.DiscussionPostmodernist approaches point to the need for social reconstruction of lay and community understandings of AN. They also have implications at the level of individual therapy, and could be deployed with patients to establish individual but authentic bases for therapy. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 22–32, 2003.
Divergence in alternative Hicksian welfare measures: the case of revealed preference for public amenities
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sudip 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the divergence between the two Hicksian welfare measures of non‐traded amenity improvement associated with housing. First, the Hicksian surplus measures for amenity changes are analytically developed based on explicit specification of utility structures. A hedonic two‐stage approach is then applied to empirically show that, for quantity changes, in contrast to hypothetical markets, divergence in real market is small. The paper also analytically develops expressions for the income and substitution effects and empirically shows that for a given income effect, the greater the substitution effect the smaller the divergence between the two measures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the capital asset pricing model efficiently under elliptical symmetry: a semiparametric approach
Authors: Hodgson Douglas J. , Linton Oliver , Vorkink Keith 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe develop new tests of the capital asset pricing model that take account of and are valid under the assumption that the distribution generating returns is elliptically symmetric; this assumption is necessary and sufficient for the validity of the CAPM. Our test is based on semiparametric efficient estimation procedures for a seemingly unrelated regression model where the multivariate error density is elliptically symmetric, but otherwise unrestricted. The elliptical symmetry assumption allows us to avoid the curse of dimensionality problem that typically arises in multivariate semiparametric estimation procedures, because the multivariate elliptically symmetric density function can be written as a function of a scalar transformation of the observed multivariate data. The elliptically symmetric family includes a number of thick‐tailed distributions and so is potentially relevant in financial applications. Our estimated betas are lower than the OLS estimates, and our parameter estimates are much less consistent with the CAPM restrictions than the corresponding OLS estimates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The release of gentamicin from acrylic bone cements in a simulated prosthesis‐related interfacial gap
Authors: Hendriks Johannes G.E. , Neut Daniëlle , van Horn Jim R. , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractGentamicin is added to polymethylmethacrylate bone cements in orthopedics as a measure against infection in total joint arthroplasties. Numerous studies have been published on gentamicin release from bone cements, but none have been able to estimate the local concentrations in the prosthesis‐related interfacial gap, present after implantation. The aim of this study was to develop a method allowing determination of antibiotic release in such a gap. Two‐hundred‐micrometer‐wide gaps with a volume of 6 μl and a surface area of 0.6 cm2 were created by inserting stainless‐steel strips in gentamicin‐loaded bone cement plugs prior to polymerization. After hardening, the gap surface was exposed to 6 μl or 10 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline. Within 2 h, gentamicin concentrations in the gaps reached around 4000 μg/ml for 4 different CMW and Palamed cements and 2500 μg/ml for Palacos R. Concentrations measured in the larger volume were several hundred times lower than in the gaps. This simulated prosthesis‐related interfacial gap model offers new insights in the clinical efficacy of antibiotic‐loaded bone cements. It is demonstrated that concentrations up to 1000‐fold the antibiotic resistance levels for most bacterial strains causing implant infection can be achieved in a realistic in vitro model. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 1–5, 2003
Analysis of a retrieved Isola spinal system fractured in service
Authors: Magnissalis E. A. , Zinelis S. , Demetriades D. , Hager J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA 1/4‐in.diameter two‐column Isola spinal system implanted in a 13‐year‐old girl suffering from cerebral palsy and a severe neuromuscular scoliosis of 120°, was replaced 22 months after primary implantation. The system was removed due to fracture of the lower left (concave) bar, between its two cross connectors (i.e., the distal bypass connector and a transverse cross link), as a result of a postoperative infection and a subsequently developed pseudarthrosis. The retrieved implants were analyzed with the use of a multitechnique characterization procedure involving macroscopic and microscopic examination, micro‐multiple internal reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, roughness measurement, and mechanical testing of the constituent material and components. Findings suggest that the spinal system failed due to in vivo loosening of a two‐set screw tandem connector and subsequent overloading of the contralateral bar. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 6–12, 2003
Enhancement of bone growth in titanium fiber mesh by surface modification with hydrogen peroxide solution containing tantalum chloride
Authors: Kim Taeseong , Suzuki Masahiko , Ohtsuki Chikara , Masuda Kimihiko , Tamai Hiroshi , Watanabe Eiichirou , Osaka Akiyoshi , Moriya Hideshige 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA tight fixation between bone and implant materials is of great importance for a successful outcome of procedures such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Surface modification of titanium metal and titanium alloy is one of the attractive methods to improve the biological affinity of orthopedic prostheses. Recent studies reported that titanium substrates were provided with bone‐bonding ability, that is, osteoconductivity, through a chemical treatment with hydrogen peroxide solution containing tantalum chloride. The present study investigated the histological and mechanical effects of such treatment of the surface of titanium fiber mesh. Titanium alloy rods of 7.6 × 7.6 × 20 mm that had a titanium fiber mesh of 250 μm were implanted bilaterally into the distal aspect of the femur of adult beagle dogs. At 3, 5, and 8 weeks after implantation, the rods were removed to examine their bonding strength and histological compatibility with bone. Bonding strength was evaluated by the pull‐out test. The bonding strength of the treated specimen with bone increased with time, and was faster than that of untreated specimens. At 8 weeks postoperative, the bonding strength of both the treated and untreated specimens became almost equal. The amount of newly formed bone on and in the titanium fiber mesh was significantly increased by the chemical treatment (p < 0.05). The rate of bone formation in the fiber mesh was accelerated after chemical treatment. These results indicated that the surface treatment enhanced bone formation in the initial stage thank to the osteoconductive property of the titanium fiber mesh conferred by the chemical treatment so that faster bonding strength was achieved. Surface treatment providing titanium mesh with osteoconductivity has the advantages of the fast healing and tight bonding for prostheses in TKA and THA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 19–26, 2003
Comparative study of bone cements prepared with either HA or α‐TCP and functionalized methacrylates
Authors: Canul‐Chuil A. , Vargas‐Coronado R. , Cauich‐Rodríguez J. V. , Martínez‐Richa A. , Fernandez E. , Nazhat S.N. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe properties of bone cements prepared with both hydroxyapatite (HA) and α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) and methacrylates containing acidic or basic groups are the main interest of this article. The presence of methacrylic acid or diethyl amino ethyl methacrylate as comonomers in the bone cement and both ceramic types as filler were found not to affect the amount of residual monomer, which was generally less than 4.5 wt%. In contrast, setting times, maximum temperature, and glass transition temperature were found to be composition dependent. For samples with acidic comonomer, a faster setting time, a higher maximum temperature, and higher glass transition temperatures were observed compared to those with the basic comonomer. The presence of the fillers slightly increased the setting time but did not affect the other parameters. The mechanical properties of the filled bone cements depended mainly on composition and type of testing. Both HA or α‐TCP filled systems fulfilled the minimum compressive strength required for bone cement application, although a significantly lower value was observed for the alkaline comonomer systems. The minimum bending strength was not satisfied by any of these formulations. The tensile and shear strength of these composites ranged from 20 to 37.9 and from 18 to 27 MPa, respectively. In all cases it was higher for bone cements containing methacrylic acid. The results of this study suggest that the properties of dry unfilled bone cements prepared with MAA are comparable to CMW 3 in mechanical terms but inferior in their setting properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 64B: 27–37, 2003
Functional morphology of feeding and gill irrigation in the anuran tadpole: electromyography and muscle function in larval rana catesbeiana
Authors: Larson Peter M. , Reilly Stephen M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study provides the first data on muscle activity patterns during active feeding in a larval anuran. Data regarding muscle function during gill irrigation and hyperexpiration are also provided. Electromyographic and kinematic data were recorded from six mandibular and hyoid muscles in unanesthetized, unrestrained larvae of Rana catesbeiana. Only three (hyoangularis, orbitohyoideus, anterior interhyoideus) of the six muscles examined are active during gill irrigation. Feeding cycles are characterized by the recruitment of three additional muscles: intermandibularis, suspensorioangularis, and levator mandibulae longus superficialis. The latter two contribute, respectively, to wide opening and forceful closing of the mouth during feeding. Hyperexpiration is characterized by a reversal of water flow anteriorly out of the mouth. This hydrodynamic change occurs due to modulation of the timing of firing of the anterior interhyoideus, as well as recruitment of the posterior interhyoideus, which is only active during hyperexpiration. Both regions of the interhyoideus, which are responsible for evacuation of the buccal cavity, are active during the opening phase of hyperexpiration. Kinematically, transitioning from gill irrigation to feeding involves both an overall shortening of the gape cycle and a shift in the relative length of opening phase vs. closing phase. Our results corroborate many of the findings of Gradwell ([1972] Can J Zool 50:501–521) regarding muscle function during gill irrigation and hyperexpiration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in larval anurans the transition from gill irrigation to feeding involves modulation of gape cycle kinematics, changes in the level of activity of muscles, and recruitment of muscles that are not active during irrigation. In light of new data presented here, a review of muscle function in tadpoles is also provided. J. Morphol. 255:202–214, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.