bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) National Conference
Authors: Gelfand Julia , Jackson Susan 
Published: July 2005

PurposeContributions describing the 12th ACRL National Conference, covering selective highlights of papers, presentations and the overall context of this meeting.Design/methodology/approachObservations and descriptions of key themes and ideas that were presented in a conference framework.FindingsSignificant participation at this conference.ValueThis is the primary forum for the exploration of issues and challenges facing academic college and research libraries in North America with significant analogies to the global community.Research limitations/implicationsHow problems and issues are resolved by other institutions and realizing that the power of sharing information is greatest when solutions are creative and openly shared. The full academic library experience is covered intensely via a wide range of conference presentations.Practical implicationsGood to share information and network with colleagues and participate in an active tradeshow.
Reconstitution of lymphocyte subpopulations in children with inherited metabolic storage diseases after haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Corti Paola , Peters Charles , Balduzzi Adriana , Bertagnolio Barbara , Biondi Andrea , Bugarin Cristina , Dassi Maria , Furlan Francesca , Gaipa Giuseppe , Longoni Daniela , Maglia Oscar , Parini Rossella , Perseghin Paolo , Uderzo Cornelio , Uziel Graziella , Masera Giuseppe , Rovelli Attilio 
Published: July 2005

SummaryWe prospectively evaluated the reconstitution of lymphocyte subpopulations in nine children with lysosomal diseases who underwent 11 allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs) following CD34+ immunomagnetic enrichment, limited T‐cell addback and in vivo B‐cell depletion. Absolute lymphocyte count recovery was slow to cross the 5th percentile, occurring at a median of 10 months after HCT in patients with full chimaerism. Natural killer cells represented up to 90% of the total lymphoid population during the first 3 months. CD4+ lymphocyte recovery occurred 9–18 months after HCT. In most patients, CD8+ lymphocyte recovery was slow and comparable with that of CD4+ lymphocytes. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio normalised by 3–7 months after HCT in 50% of the patients. CD8+ lymphocyte recovery was enhanced in patients with viral reactivation. Reconstitution of B‐lymphocytes was particularly delayed in patients treated with rituximab. Declining chimaerism, rejection and viral reactivation were the most common problems in our series. Because of the unique graft manipulation, the pace of lymphocyte reconstitution was particularly slow, suggesting that these patients are at a significantly increased risk of infections for up to 2 years after HCT.
Role of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in patients with refractory chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Rubegni P. , Cuccia A. , Sbano P. , Cevenini G. , Carcagnì M.R. , D'Ascenzo G. , De Aloe G. , Guidi S. , Guglielmetti P. , Marotta G. , Lauria F. , Bosi A. , Fimiani M. 
Published: July 2005

SummaryRecent studies suggest that extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) may be beneficial in patients with steroid‐refractory chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGvHD). However, it is not yet clear whether certain conditions, such as age, mode of onset of cGvHD etc., influence clinical response and whether certain affected organs are more sensitive to ECP than others. We analysed the main clinical and laboratory parameters related to evolution of the disease in 32 steroid‐refractory cGvHD patients, to identify any useful response predictors to ECP. ECP affected the course of the disease positively in 78% (25/32) of our cases.
Rapid and sensitive detection of internal tandem duplication and activating loop mutations of FLT3
Authors: Mills Ken I. , Gilkes Amanda F. , Walsh Val , Sweeney Marion , Gale Rosemary 
Published: July 2005

SummaryMutations of the FLT3 gene, a receptor tyrosine kinase, are the most frequent genetic alteration reported in acute myeloid leukaemia, with internal tandem duplications (ITD) or mutations within the activating loop (AL) reported at a frequency of around 24% and 6%, respectively. ITD mutations have associated with a poor prognosis. In this study we have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), combined with restriction enzyme digestion for the detection of AL mutations, with the DNA products separated on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser using a DNA‐500 kit. This analysis enabled the rapid identification of mutations in FLT3, approximate sizing of the ITD, an estimate of the proportion of mutant RNA and in some cases, specific heteroduplex patterns associated with triplet deletions. Our data shows that approximately 16% of the patients examined had an ITD mutation and over 13% had a mutation in the AL including triplet deletions involving codons 835/836 and point mutations in codon D839. Based on the sensitivity and speed of the bioanalyser, we suggest that this method is invaluable and provides an improvement to the current use of agarose gels for the analysis of FLT3 PCR products.
Impact of FLT3 mutations and promyelocytic leukaemia‐breakpoint on clinical characteristics and prognosis in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Kuchenbauer Florian , Schoch Claudia , Kern Wolfgang , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten , Schnittger Susanne 
Published: July 2005

SummaryIn the present study 170 newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients (M3: n = 121; M3v: n = 49) were molecularly characterised with respect to PML breakpoint and additional molecular mutations. In total, 83 patients were positive for bcr1 (49%), five for bcr2 (3%) and 82 for bcr3 (48%). Bcr3 was more frequent in M3v (65·3%) compared with M3 (41·3%) (P = 0·005). Cases with bcr3 showed a significantly higher white blood cell count (median: 3·65 × 109/l vs. 1·59 × 109/l, P = 0·003), as well as a higher PML‐RARAABL expression ratio (14·8% vs. 72·7%, P < 0·005) compared with bcr1. FLT3‐length‐mutations were detected more frequently together with bcr3 compared with bcr1 (56·5% vs. 19·4%, P < 0·001) and in M3v compared with M3 (64·5% vs. 24·1%, P < 0·005). FLT3 tyrosine kinase mutations were found in eight cases (6·4%) and were distributed equally within the total group. Analysis for further mutations revealed no MLL‐PTD and KIT mutations and only two cases of 99 analysed (2%) with NRAS mutations. FLT3‐mutations were detected in 62 of 139 cases (44·6%) and associated with a significant lower overall survival (P = 0·0339). In addition, cases with bcr3 showed a tendency for a worse event‐free survival (P = 0·0795) compared with the bcr1 group.
Control of advanced and refractory acute myelogenous leukaemia with sirolimus‐based non‐myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Claxton David F. , Ehmann Christopher , Rybka Witold 
Published: July 2005

SummaryNon‐myeloablative conditioning has extended the use of allogeneic haematopoietic transplant to many previously ineligible patients. We added the immunosuppressive and antitumour agent sirolimus (rapamycin) to an established transplant regimen of fludarabine 25 mg/m2 days −7 through −3 and cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 days −7 and −6, with tacrolimus and methotrexate immunoprophyllaxis. A total of 23 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) were treated, with a median age of 59 years (range: 28–72) at transplant. Only seven patients in total were in complete remission prior to transplantation. Nine patients were in chemotherapy‐refractory progression and seven were primarily refractory to induction therapy. Six patients received matched sibling, 11 unrelated donor, 1–5/6 matched and five haploidentical (haplo – three of six or four of six matched) transplants. The haplo‐recipients also received antithymocyte globulin, all patients engrafted. Only two, both recipients of haploidentical cells, have died from transplant‐related causes. Twelve of 23 patients survived at 198–1162‐d post‐transplant (median 578). Four of 12 survivors relapsed at 83, 88, 243 and 508 d and three were in remission after chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion. Although follow up is short, this data suggests that non‐myeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation with sirolimus (rapamycin)‐based immunosuppression may provide disease control over several years in some patients with advanced and poor prognosis AML.
Relationship between aeroallergen and food allergen sensitization in childhood
Authors: Roberts G. , Peckitt C. , Northstone K. , Strachan D. , Lack G. , Henderson J. , Golding J. ,   the ALSPAC Study Team
Published: July 2005

SummaryBackground
Previous studies measuring the prevalence of allergen sensitization have been relatively small and used small numbers of allergens. To effectively evaluate children with atopic disease, we need an accurate knowledge of which allergens are important.Objective
To measure the prevalence of sensitization within a large unselected birth cohort, to examine the associations between sensitization to different allergens and determine whether atopy can be defined by a small panel of allergens.Methods
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children is a population‐based birth cohort of 13 638 singletons surviving to 4 weeks of age. The cohort was skin tested at 7 years of age to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), grass pollens, cat, peanuts, mixed tree nuts and egg and one of three other panels: animal danders, foods or aeroallergens. Sensitization was defined as a weal diameter of 3 mm. The strength of associations between sensitization to different allergens was tested by calculating the odds ratio adjusted for sensitization to D. pteronyssinus and grass pollen and gender.Results
Valid data were obtained from 6412 singletons. Sensitization was most common to aeroallergens: grass pollens (8.5%), D. pteronyssinus (7.8%), cat (4.9%), D. farinae (3.6%), dog (2.7%), horse (1.4%), rabbit (1.4%). Of the foods tested, the most common sensitization was to peanut (1.4%) and mixed tree nuts (1.0%). More than 95% of subjects with sensitization to any of the 29 allergens tested were sensitized to one of grass, D. pteronyssinus or cat allergen. There were strong associations of multiple sensitizations both within and between different allergen classes (pollens, animals, foods, peanut and tree nuts).Conclusions
Seven‐year‐old children in the UK are primarily sensitized to aeroallergens, but also to peanuts and tree nuts. There are strong associations between sensitization within allergen groups as well as between allergen groups. Further studies are required to observe whether similar associations are seen with clinical allergy to these allergens.
Main determinants of forest soil respiration along an elevation/temperature gradient in the Italian Alps
Authors: Rodeghiero Mirco , Cescatti Alessandro 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe main determinants of soil respiration were investigated in 11 forest types distributed along an altitudinal and thermal gradient in the southern Italian Alps (altitudinal range 1520 m, range in mean annual temperature 7.8°C). Soil respiration, soil carbon content and principal stand characteristics were measured with standardized methods. Soil CO2fluxes were measured at each site every 15–20 days with a closed dynamic system (LI‐COR 6400) using soil collars from spring 2000 to spring 2002. At the same time, soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm and soil water content (m3 m−3) were measured at each collar. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 30 cm and stones, root content and bulk density were determined in order to obtain reliable estimates of carbon content per unit area (kg C m−2). Soil respiration and temperature data were fitted with a simple logistic model separately for each site, so that base respiration rates and mean annual soil respiration were estimated. Then the same regression model was applied to all sites simultaneously, with each model parameter being expressed as a linear function of site variables. The general model explained about 86% of the intersite variability of soil respiration. In particular, soil mean annual temperature explained the most of the variance of the model (0.41), followed by soil temperature interquartlile range (0.24), soil carbon content (0.16) and soil water content (0.05).
Species of plants and associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate mycorrhizal responses to CO2 enrichment
Authors: Johnson Nancy Collins , Wolf Julie , Reyes Melissa A. , Panter Ashley , Koch George W. , Redman Andrea 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that enrichment of atmospheric CO2 should alter mycorrhizal function by simultaneously increasing nutrient‐uptake benefits and decreasing net C costs for host plants. However, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently tested. We conducted three experiments to examine the impacts of CO2 enrichment on the function of different combinations of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi grown under high and low soil nutrient availability. Across the three experiments, AM function was measured in 14 plant species, including forbs, C3 and C4 grasses, and plant species that are typically nonmycorrhizal. Five different AM fungal communities were used for inoculum, including mixtures of Glomus spp. and mixtures of Gigasporaceae (i.e. Gigaspora and Scutellospora spp.). Our results do not support the hypothesis that CO2 enrichment should consistently increase plant growth benefits from AM fungi, but rather, we found CO2 enrichment frequently reduced AM benefits. Furthermore, we did not find consistent evidence that enrichment of soil nutrients increases plant growth responses to CO2 enrichment and decreases plant growth responses to AM fungi.Our results show that the strength of AM mutualisms vary significantly among fungal and plant taxa, and that CO2 levels further mediate AM function. In general, when CO2 enrichment interacted with AM fungal taxa to affect host plant dry weight, it increased the beneficial effects of Gigasporaceae and reduced the benefits of Glomus spp. Future studies are necessary to assess the importance of temperature, irradiance, and ambient soil fertility in this response. We conclude that the affects of CO2 enrichment on AM function varies with plant and fungal taxa, and when making predictions about mycorrhizal function, it is unwise to generalize findings based on a narrow range of plant hosts, AM fungi, and environmental conditions.
δ13C variation of C3 and C4 plants across an Asian monsoon rainfall gradient in arid northwestern China
Authors: Weiguo Liu , Xiahong Feng , Youfeng Ning , Qingle Zhang , Yunning Cao , Zhisheng A N 
Published: July 2005

AbstractWe have investigated carbon isotopic compositions of four plant genus/species, Bothriochloa ischaemum (C4), Stipa bungeana (C3), Lespedeza sp. (C3) and Heteropappus less (C3), along a precipitation gradient in northwest China in order to assess the impact of water availability on the carbon isotopic discrimination against 13C during carbon assimilation in this area. This information is necessary for reconstruction of paleovegetation, particularly paleo‐C3/C4 plant ratios using δ13C value of organic matter in loess and paleosols in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The δ13C of C3 plants, as a group, exhibits a negative correlation with the annual precipitation amount with a total change and sensitivity of 5‰ and −1.1‰/100 mm, respectively, for the precipitation range from 200 to 700 mm. The C4 grass, B. ischaemum responds to aridity by decreasing 1.7‰ for over the precipitation range from 350 to 700 mm; the plant δ13C is significantly correlated with annual precipitation with a slope −0.61‰/100 mm. This result implies that without considering the effect of water availability on the plant δ13C values, reconstruction of percent C4 vegetation during the last glaciation can be overestimated by about a factor of two.
Soil CN ratio as a scalar parameter to predict nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Klemedtsson Leif , Von Arnold Karin , Weslien Per , Gundersen Per 
Published: July 2005

AbstractForested histosols have been found in some cases to be major, and in other cases minor, sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). In order to estimate the total national or global emissions of N2O from histosols, scaling or mapping parameters that can separate low‐ and high‐emitting sites are needed, and should be included in soil databases. Based on interannual measurements of N2O emissions from drained forested histosols in Sweden, we found a strong negative relationship between N2O emissions and soil CN ratios (r2adj=0.96, mean annual N2O emission=ae(−b CN ratio)). The same equation could be used to estimate the N2O emissions from Finnish and German sites based on CN ratios in published data. We envisage that the correlation between N2O emissions and CN ratios could be used to scale N2O emissions from histosols determined at sampled sites to national levels. However, at low CN ratios (i.e. below 15–20) other parameters such as climate, pH and groundwater tables increase in importance as regulating factors affecting N2O emissions.
Landscape‐scale positive feedbacks between fire and expansion of the large tussock grass, Ampelodesmos mauritanica in Catalan shrublands
Authors: Grigulis Karl , Lavorel Sandra , Davies Ian D. , Dossantos Anabelle , Lloret Francisco , Vilà Montserrat 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn the northern Mediterranean Basin, agricultural land abandonment over the last century has resulted in increasing frequencies of very large, intense fires. In Catalonia (NE Spain) some fires have been locally associated with the expansion of the large, evergreen, resprouting tussock grass Ampelodesmos mauritanica. We tested the hypothesis of a positive feedback between the abundance of A. mauritanica and changing fire regimes.We used permanent plots distributed across a natural gradient of density of A. mauritanica in the Garraf Natural Park near Barcelona. Total aboveground biomass nearly doubled from plots with low to high density through a combination of A. mauritanica replacing the biomass of other components of the community (predominantly native shrubs), and its absolute standing biomass increasing. The quantity of litter also increased. This increase in fuel load and changes in community functional composition resulted from the simultaneous decrease in shrub productivity and an increase in litter accumulation. Litter accumulation was the consequence of A. mauritanica litter decomposing 30% more slowly than that of shrubs. Under standardized conditions, A. mauritanica and its litter were considerably more flammable than any of the shrub species. This resulted in a more than 40‐fold increase in calculated plot flammability from low‐to‐high‐density plots.Feedbacks, at the landscape scale, were then analysed using the landscape simulation platform LAMOS. Invasion success and contribution to community biomass of A. mauritanica increased with decreasing fire return intervals. Total area burnt in the landscape during each fire year was positively and exponentially related to the total biomass of A. mauritanica. Simulations showed that landscapes can abruptly switch from regimes of small localized to extensive fires as a result of the spread of A. mauritanica. Therefore, increases in fires under climate change represent threats not only through their direct impacts on ecosystems, but also by promoting invaders such as A. mauritanica, which have the potential to induce powerful feedforward processes and, thereby, fundamental changes to ecosystems.
Mentoring Faculty to Improve Teaching and Student Learning
Authors: Brightman Harvey J. 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTFor teaching to improve, three factors must be in place. First, the college must use a valid and reliable student evaluation instrument in combination with other feedback mechanisms. Second, there must be an accompanying norming report that provides comparative and diagnostic information to departmental chairs and teachers. Raw data from even a valid and reliable instrument may not be informative. Third, the college must have a mentoring process in place. This article discusses briefly each of the three elements to initiate and sustain a successful mentoring program to improve teaching and student learning. Of course, if the school does not reward improved or effective teaching it is not likely to occur.
In‐Class Simulation of Pooling Safety Stock
Authors: Bandy D. Brent 
Published: July 2005

ABSTRACTIn managing business process flows, safety stock can be used to protect against stockouts due to demand variability. When more than one location is involved, the concept of aggregation enables the pooling of demands and associated inventories, resulting in improved service levels without increasing the total level of safety stock. This pooling of safety stock can be done physically by consolidating inventory in one location, or by using virtual centralization, where inventories are kept at decentralized locations, but information is centralized. In teaching the concept of pooling safety stock, a simple in‐class simulation can be helpful in demonstrating why the approach works. The approach presented here involves operations for a company where total product demand is constant, but there are two products and product mix can vary. The simulation can also be implemented using an electronic spreadsheet for classes that are taught on the Internet. A quiz was given to two sections, one that experienced the simulation and one that did not. A comparison of the results from the quiz provided evidence of the effectiveness of the simulation in helping students understand the impact of pooling safety stock. In addition, a brief anonymous survey that was administered in the section that had the simulation provided further support for the effectiveness of the simulation.
Policy Travels: Exploring Politics, Policy, and Culture from the Ground‐Up
Authors: Nie Martin A. 
Published: July 2005

Mark Hertsgaard, Earth Odyssey: Around the World in Search of Our Environmental Future. New York, NY: Broadway Books, 1998. 372 pp.Robert D. Kaplan, An Empire Wilderness: Travels Into America's Future. New York, NY: Random House, 1998. 393 pp.
Book Notes
Authors: Carter‐Boone La Shonda 
Published: July 2005

David H. Guston, Between Politics and Science: Assuring the Productivity and Integrity of Research.Michael Kenny and James Meadowcroft (Eds.), Planning Sustainability.Cathie Jo Martin, Stuck in Neutral: Business and the Politics of Human Capital Investment Policy.Michael Mason, Environmental Democracy.Michael Moran, Governing the Health Care State: A Comparative Study of the United Kingdom, the United States and Germany.Stephen D. Sugarman and Frank R. Kemerer (Eds.), School Choice and Social Controversy: Politics, Policy, and Law.Joseph P. Viteritti, Choosing Equality: School Choice, the Constitution, and Civil Society.Jay D. White, Taking Language Seriously: The Narrative Foundations of Public Administration Research.