bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From boundary maintenance to boundary crossing: Geography in the Norwegian national curriculum
Authors: Løken Ingrid , Wetlesen Annika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe integrated status of Social Studies in the Norwegian Curriculum for Knowledge Promotion in Primary and Secondary Education and Training 2020 reflects an international educational trend pertaining to a movement from knowledge and traditional disciplinary thinking to generic skills, competence and boundary crossing. This article addresses the changed organisation of geography as a subject within Social Studies in the national curriculum framework. Through a thematic analysis of how geographical knowledge is classified and represented in the curriculum, this article discusses opportunities and limitations in the curriculum when it comes to developing students' powerful geographical knowledge. The analysis shows that geographical knowledge is organised in an attempt to reduce content boundaries. Found across the curriculum, geographical knowledge includes geographical scale, geographic conditions and human–nature interconnections. However, geographical knowledge is represented through an understanding of space as absolute and fixed rather than relational and dynamic, as well as through a technical and mainly individual understanding of scale. We conclude that boundary crossing related to sustainability and citizenship as interdisciplinary topics opens opportunities for powerful geographical knowledge, although this potential is limited by the weak classification of geography in the curriculum for Social Studies.
How abundant is a species at the limit of its distribution range? Crested porcupine Hystrix cristata and its northern population
Authors: Palencia Pablo , Zanet Stefania , Barroso Patricia , Vada Rachele , Benatti Francesco , Occhibove Flavia , Meriggi Francesca , Ferroglio Ezio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) is a rodent present in Africa and southern Europe (Italy exclusively). The Italian population is expanding from the centre to the north and south, but little is known about the species' abundance. Reliable population density estimates are important for monitoring trends in wildlife populations and for developing effective conservation and management strategies. In this context, we aimed to first report crested porcupine population density on the northern limit of its current distribution range using a non‐invasive approach. Specifically, we randomly placed 38 camera traps in an area of 242 km2 in north Italy (Lombardy region), and we applied camera trap distance sampling. We estimated a porcupine density of 0.49 ind·km−2 (±0.33, standard error). The results presented here are the first crested porcupine density estimate accounting for imperfect detection (i.e. species present but not detected). The abundance estimate reported here is fundamental for a better understanding of the species status in Europe and for implementing conservation and management plans.
Dual species interaction and ecological community stability
Authors: Mougi Akihiko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow diverse species coexist in nature remains a challenging issue that is not yet resolved in ecology. The traditional approach to tackling this problem uses an ecological community network comprising various biological interaction links between species, such as predator–prey, mutualism, and competition. However, in nature, the interaction between any species pair is not limited to a singular interaction; instead, various interactions occur mostly in two ways, such as competition/facilitation in plants, mutualism/antagonism in consumer–resource mutualisms, and reciprocal predation. Here, using an ecological community model, I show that such so‐called dual interactions play a key role in stabilizing ecological communities. Theory predicts that dual interactions can stabilize ecological communities through the balance of positive and negative effects, which behave as if the interactions disappear. Communities with dual interactions are inherently more stable than a classical random community with multiple types of singular interactions, suggesting that dual interactions are more widespread than expected in nature and help to maintain ecological communities.
Synergistic mechanism of amidation on corrosion inhibition of laurate triethanolamine for HT300 gray cast iron in NaCl solution
Authors: Hang Zhijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSarcosine was inserted between fatty chain and carboxylic group of lauric acid to obtain lauroyl sarcosine, and the corrosion inhibition of lauroyl sarcosine triethanolamine (LSTEA) was significantly improved. The synergistic mechanism of amide group and lauric acid was investigated by comparing the corrosion behavior on the surface of HT300 gray cast iron in 330 mg/L NaCl solution. The results showed that both lauryl triethanolamine (LATEA) and LSTEA could prevent corrosion. At 298 K, when 1000 mg/L inhibitor was added, the inhibition rates are 71.93% and 83.89%, respectively. The morphology analysis also verified that LSTEA had better inhibition properties than LATEA. Comparing the adsorption parameters and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation results, it was found that LATEA and LSTEA could spontaneously adsorb on the surface of gray cast iron as monolayer to form a stable protective layer. However, the chelation of amide group and the electron absorption effect could make the electron density distributed at the polar end of the whole molecule, covering the active sites at the interface to the maximum extent, so that LSTEA has more excellent corrosion inhibition for gray cast iron.
Improved classroom and child outcomes through mental health consultation in New York City subsidized early care and education programs
Authors: Kadik Fatima Zahra , Eng Elleanor , Pappas Kristen , Berger Shirley 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the evaluation of one year of infant/early childhood mental health consultation (IECMHC) in subsidized early care and education settings provided by the New York City Early Childhood Mental Health Network. The evaluation examined direct and indirect outcomes of IECMHC including (1) improved classroom practices by ECE teachers, and (2) improved social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes among children in the classroom. The study also reviewed child attributes that might have moderated outcomes. An analysis using paired t‐tests of pre‐and post‐assessment data found significant improvements over time in the classroom environment and management practices, as well as in teachers’ perceptions of the degree of difficulty presented by children's classroom behaviors. There were significant improvements in protective factors and problem behaviors among the subset of 138 children who received assessments. Improvements were greater for Black/African American children and for all children with pre‐assessment scores in the concern range. Males showed greater improvement in protective factors whereas females showed greater improvement in behavioral concerns. IECMHC is a powerful intervention to improve teachers’ classroom management and their perceptions of children's behavior and is important in the context of biases that place marginalized groups at risk of punitive actions by teachers and administrators.
Farmers on the front line: Perceptions, practices and discrepancies from the Aral Sea's Karakalpakstan and Khorezm regions
Authors: Djumaboev Kakhramon , Amirova Iroda , Primov Abdulla , Ishchanov Javlonbek 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUndesirable changes in surface water and groundwater resources and land quality for biophysical and institutional reasons will further endanger the livelihoods of people in Central Asia. The farmers' understanding of these problems and the adaptation and solution strategies they opt for are the critical variables in devising relevant policies. Our findings captured significant disparities between farmer‐perceived water shortages and officially documented water availability, as well as soil salinity discrepancies. Farmers' coping strategies, including crop alterations and water‐saving measures, often lead to trade‐offs, such as reduced crop yields. The study highlights the need to consider farmer perceptions and practices along with official data when designing policies. Effective policymaking must consider this dynamic interplay and the multifaceted challenges faced by farmers in these vulnerable Aral Sea regions.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis through ROS‐Ca2+‐p38/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM4 cells
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Yang Yaqian , Li Pengfei , Dong Ruoyun , Sun Chenhao , Song Guanling , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can cause apoptosis in TM4 cells; however, the underlying mechanism has not been entirely elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2 NPs on ROS, Ca2+ level, p38/AKT/mTOR pathway, and apoptosis in TM4 cells and to evaluate the role of Ca2+ in p38/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. After exposure to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) of TiO2 NPs for 24 h, cell viability, ROS, Ca2+ level, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, p38/AKT/mTOR pathway‐related proteins, apoptosis rate, and apoptosis‐related proteins (Bax, Bcl‐2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and p53) were detected. The ROS scavenger NAC was used to determine the effect of ROS on Ca2+ level. The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM was used to evaluate the role of Ca2+ in p38/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. TiO2 NPs significantly inhibited cell viability, increased ROS level, and elevated Ca2+ level while suppressing Ca2+‐ATPase activity. TiO2 NPs regulated the p38/AKT/mTOR pathway via increasing p‐p38 level and decreasing p‐AKT and p‐mTOR levels. TiO2 NPs significantly enhanced the apoptosis. NAC attenuated Ca2+ overload and reduction in Ca2+‐ATPase activity caused by TiO2 NPs. BAPTA‐AM alleviated TiO2 NPs‐induced abnormal expression of p38/AKT/mTOR pathway‐related proteins. BAPTA‐AM assuaged the apoptosis caused by TiO2 NPs. Altogether, this study revealed that TiO2 NPs elevated intracellular Ca2+ level through ROS accumulation. Subsequently, the heightened intracellular Ca2+ level was observed to exert regulation over the p38/AKT/mTOR pathway, ultimately culminating in apoptosis. These results provides a complementary understanding to the mechanism of TiO2 NPs‐induced apoptosis in TM4 cells.
Heat shock protein 90: biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Wei Huiyun , Zhang Yingying , Jia Yilin , Chen Xunan , Niu Tengda , Chatterjee Aniruddha , He Pengxing , Hou Guiqin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a predominant member among Heat shock proteins (HSPs), playing a central role in cellular protection and maintenance by aiding in the folding, stabilization, and modification of diverse protein substrates. It collaborates with various co‐chaperones to manage ATPase‐driven conformational changes in its dimer during client protein processing. Hsp90 is critical in cellular function, supporting the proper operation of numerous proteins, many of which are linked to diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative conditions, and infectious diseases. Recognizing the significance of these client proteins across diverse diseases, there is a growing interest in targeting Hsp90 and its co‐chaperones for potential therapeutic strategies. This review described biological background of HSPs and the structural characteristics of HSP90. Additionally, it discusses the regulatory role of heat shock factor‐1 (HSF‐1) in modulating HSP90 and sheds light on the dynamic chaperone cycle of HSP90. Furthermore, the review discusses the specific contributions of HSP90 in various disease contexts, especially in cancer. It also summarizes HSP90 inhibitors for cancer treatment, offering a thoughtful analysis of their strengths and limitations. These advancements in research expand our understanding of HSP90 and open up new avenues for considering HSP90 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in a range of diseases.
Detrusor underactivity after radical prostatectomy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Oszczudlowski Maciej , Cymbalista Grzegorz , Bilski Konrad , Dobruch Jakub 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of radical prostatectomy (RP) on bladder function with special interest in detrusor underactivity (DU) and to appraise clinical significance of DU in postprostatectomy patients.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study conducted on male patients subjected to laparoscopic RP (LPR). Urodynamic studies were performed at the day before surgery (visit 1), 3−6 months postoperatively (visit 2) and more than 12 months after surgery (visit 3). Incidence of DU that occurred after LPR (de novo DU), incidence of persisting de novo DU after 12 months, clinical relevance of DU after LPR and predictive factors of de novo DU were assessed.Results99 of 100 patients underwent preoperative urodynamic study (visit 1) and those were included in further analysis. 84 and 76 patients were available for follow‐up at second and third visit respectively. De novo DU occurred after LPR in 25 (29.7%) patients at visit 2 (p < 0.001). Sixteen from 24 patients (66,7%) who developed de novo DU after RP (visit 2) continued to have DU 1 year after surgery (visit 3) (p = 0.04). On the multivariate analysis, urinary incontinence requiring more than 1 pad per day (odds ratio [OR] 5.11; confidence interval [CI] 1.69−17.19; p = 0.005) and preoperative IPSS storage sub‐score (OR 1.25; CI 1.03−1.63; p = 0.030) were significantly associated with de novo DU. Postprostatectomy patients with DU had significantly lower Urinary Assessment of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) total score (819 vs. 911, p = 0.02), EPIC Function domain score (300 vs. 357, p = 0.002) and EPIC Urinary incontinence domain (137 vs. 224, p = 0.002) when compared to their counterparts without DU.ConclusionsRP substantially influences bladder function, causing de novo DU, which persists in substantial number of patients 1 year postoperatively. Furthermore, significant correlation between DU and postprostatectomy urinary incontinence may play a role when anti‐incontinence surgery is considered.
Nature‐ınspired algorithms for optimizing fractional order PID controllers in time‐delayed systems
Authors: Güven Aykut Fatih , Mengi Onur Özdal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTime‐delayed systems frequently appear, especially in sectors such as fluid flow processes, chemical procedures, and the food industry. This paper addresses the optimization of parameters for a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller, which is used to control a time‐delayed system, using five distinct algorithms inspired by nature. These algorithms are NewBAT, Cuckoo search (CS), Firefly (FF), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The FOPID controller parameters, namely KP, KI, KD, λ and μ, have been optimized using these algorithms. During the optimization process, the integral of the time absolute error (ITAE) was considered as the primary measurement criterion. In addition to this value, the maximum overshoot, settling time, time to reach the maximum value, and error values were examined. Simulations conducted with the obtained parameters tested the system's resilience to disturbances introduced at the output, and the controller responses were also evaluated during these tests. The reactions of the determined parameters to different reference inputs were analyzed, and the results are presented in graphs and tables. The efficiency and reliability of the optimization algorithms were substantiated by comprehensive statistical analyses. These analyses play a critical role in algorithm selection and objective evaluation of the results. Simulation studies were conducted in the Matlab and Simulink environments. The FOMCON Toolbox was used for fractional‐order processes.
Transition density function expansion methods for portfolio optimization
Authors: Lu Yuxuan , Zhou Qing , Wu Weixing , Xiao Weilin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce transition density function expansion methods inspired from Yang et al. (J Econom. 2019;209(2):256–288.) to stochastic control issues related to utility maximization, without imposing limitations on the variety of asset price models and utility functions. Utilizing Bellman's dynamic programming principle, we initially recast the conditional expectation via the transition density function pertinent to the diffusion process. Subsequently, we employ the Itô‐Taylor expansion and Delta expansion techniques to the transition density function associated with the multivariate diffusion process, facilitated by a quasi‐Lamperti transformation, aiming to derive explicit recursive expressions for expansion coefficient functions. Our main contributions are that we articulate detailed algorithms, stemming from the backward recursive formulations of the value function and optimal strategies, achieved through discretization methodologies with rigorous proof of expansion convergence in portfolio optimization. Both theoretical and practical demonstrations are presented to validate the convergence of these approximate techniques in addressing stochastic control challenges. To underscore the efficiency and precision of our proposed methods, we apply them to portfolio selection problems within several benchmark models, and highlight the reduced complexity in comparison to the current methodologies.
Holistic quality evaluation method of Epimedii Folium based on NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Chen Yuru , Zhang Jianyu , Feng Jiahao , Chen Wei , Liu Wengang , Chen Jingchao , Ye Jianming , Li Wenlong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere are some problems in the quality control of Epimedii Folium (leaves of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.), such as the mixed use of Epimedii Folium from different harvesting periods and regions, incomplete quality evaluation, and time‐consuming analysis methods.ObjectiveNear‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was conducted to establish a rapid overall quality evaluation method for Epimedii Folium.Materials and methodsQuantitative models of the total solid, moisture, total flavonoid, and flavonol glycoside (Epimedin A, Epimedin B, Epimedin C, Icariin) contents of Epimedii Folium were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) were used to evaluate the performance of models. The qualitative models of Epimedii Folium from different geographic origins and harvest periods were established based on K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), back‐propagation neural network (BPNN), and random forest (RF). Accuracy and Kappa values were used to evaluate the performance of models. A new multivariable signal conversion strategy was proposed, which combines NIR spectroscopy with the PLSR model to predict the absorbance values of retention time points in the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint to obtain the predicted HPLC fingerprint. The Pearson correlation coefficient and cosine coefficient were used to evaluate the similarity between real and predicted HPLC fingerprints.ResultsQualitative models, quantitative models, and the similarity between real and predicted HPLC fingerprints are satisfactory.ConclusionThe method serves as a fast and green analytical quality evaluation method of Epimedii Folium and can replace traditional methods to achieve the overall quality evaluation of Epimedii Folium.
Field‐representative evaluation of PID‐polarization in TOPCon PV modules by accelerated stress testing
Authors: Hacke Peter , Spataru Sergiu , Habersberger Brian , Chen Yifeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPotential‐induced degradation‐polarization (PID‐p) can reduce module power, but how to project the extent to which PID‐p may occur in field conditions considering the factors of system voltage, condensed moisture, temperature, and illumination has not been clarified. Using tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) modules, this work demonstrates a method to test full‐size crystalline silicon PV modules for PID‐p to provide field‐representative results. In initial screening tests with positive or negative 1000 V electrical bias applied at 60°C for 96 h using Al foil electrodes on the glass surfaces, the module type exhibited reversible PID‐p only on the front face when the cell circuit was in negative voltage potential. No PID was detected on the rear after testing in either polarity. We then evaluated the PID‐p sensitivity on the front side under different UV irradiances while maintaining the glass surface wet to estimate real‐world susceptibility to PID‐p. The magnitude of the observed behavior was fit using a previously developed charge transfer and depletion by light model. Whereas power loss with −1000 V applied to the cell circuit at 60°C for 96 h in the dark was about 30%, testing the module front under 0.051 W·m−2 nm−1 at 340 nm UVA irradiation using fluorescent tubes, the mean degradation was only 3%. When the modules were tested in the dark for PID‐p with in situ dark current–voltage (I‐V) characterization, the thermal activation energy for degradation was 0.71 eV; for recovery in the dark, it was 0.58 eV. Whereas recovery from the degraded state at 60°C in the dark without voltage bias was 5% absolute in 38 h, rapid recovery of about 5% absolute was observed with 1000 W·s/m2 exposure at 25°C using a flash tester.
Preparation and properties of antibacterial food‐preservative paper incorporating ceramic pigments
Authors: Lu Dongyan , Ning Yuping , Liu Xiangyao , Ren Shixue , Ni Baoxin , Song Yang , Li Jian , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Wenbo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAg@ceramic composite papermaking pigment was prepared by coating silver onto red ceramic powder using the electroless plating method. SEM and XRD showed that the ceramic pigments have a porous crystalline structure and that silver particles had been successfully loaded onto the surface and into the pores of the Ag@ceramic. Untreated ceramic pigment and Ag@ceramic pigment were incorporated into paper sheets by coating, filling and filling‐coating. Using spinach as an example, the ability of the different papers to preserve food was then evaluated. Four indicators were used to assess the preservative effect of the papers: inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, weight loss of the spinach and retention of vitamin C and chlorophyll in the spinach. Although the ceramic preservative paper has no antibacterial properties, it reduced weight loss from the spinach and increased retention of vitamin C and chlorophyll. The antibacterial preservative papers inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus by >99%, and because of their additional antibacterial activity, these papers preserved the spinach more effectively. The experimental results showed that the antibacterial food‐preservative paper incorporating ceramic pigments had great potential in food packing applications.