bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the Developing Human Endolymphatic Sac
Authors: Ng Matthew , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe adult human endolymphatic sac (ES) has been described as a complex network of interconnected tubules. Embryologic examination describes the human ES as a single‐lumen, pouch‐like structure. Transition from saccular shape to tubules during the entire fetal period has not been previously reported. Tubular ES structure is thought to be unique to humans. Animal investigations describe similar saccular appearance, but without tubules in mature sacs. The authors examined 45 human fetal temporal bones to trace ES development and reviewed six types of animal sacs. Results in humans reveal tubular structure as early as 26 weeks' gestation. Maturation variably occurred in the fetal period and postnatally. For the first time, the tubular system is noted in the animal, the rhesus monkey. These findings suggest that the tubular system may represent more advanced specialized function.
111Indium Pentetreotide Scan Detection of Familial Paragangliomas
Authors: Myssiorek David , Palestro Christopher J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractApproximately 10% of head and neck paragangliomas are familial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported to be the best method for screening these families. 111Indium pentetreotide (Octreoscan®) scintigraphy has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of neural crest tumors such as paragangliomas. Early diagnosis and treatment of familial paragangliomas (FP) would decrease the morbidity of tumor excision. Patients from two kindred with FP were scanned 24 hours after intravenous injection with approximately 6 millicuries of 111Indium pentetreotide. The entire body was imaged. Areas of increased uptake were further imaged with MRI. Altogether, five patients had positive 111Indium pentetreotide scans. Two unsuspected glomus tympanicums and bilateral carotid body tumors were identified. Three people tested had no abnormal uptake. There were no untoward reactions to the nuclide. 111Indium pentetreotide scanning is a safe, noninvasive method for early diagnosis of FP and is useful in detecting multicentric lesions. Patients suspect for FP are undergoing 111Indium pentetreotide imaging and followed up with MRI of the involved site if positive.
Prognostic Factors in Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Godballe Christian , Asschenfeldt Pia , Jørgensen Karsten E. , Bastholt Lars , Clausen Per P. , Hansen Tine P. , Hansen Olfred , Bentzen Søren M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo identify clinical and histologic prognostic factors and to investigate whether immunohistochemical detection of p53 expression might contain prognostic information, a retrospective study of patient and tumor characteristics was performed in 225 cases of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. The analyses were based on cause‐specific and crude survival. In univariate analysis, age at diagnosis, tumor size, presence of distant metastases, histology (papillary contra follicular type), extrathyroidal invasion, necrosis in primary tumor, and p53 expression were significant prognostic indicators. For 211 patients (96%) all information was available and Cox's proportional hazard model was applied. The authors found that age, distant metastases, necrosis in primary tumor, extrathyroidal invasion, and p53 expression were significant prognostic factors. Analyses of cause‐specific and crude survival gave similar results. The authors conclude that age at diagnosis, presence of distant metastases, necrosis in primary tumor, and extrathyroidal invasion are important prognostic factors, and that immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein in the primary tumor is a significant and independent prognostic indicator, which might be of value in the treatment planning in patients with papillary or follicular thyroid carcinomas.
Effects of Scalpel, Electrocautery, and CO2 and KTP Lasers on Wound Healing in Rat Tongues
Authors: Carew John F. , Ward Robert F. , LaBruna Anthony , Torzilli Peter A. , Schley W. Shain 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: Evaluate wound healing of incisions created by the scalpel, electrocautery, CO2 laser, and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser in the upper aerodigestive tract in an animal model.Study Design: Prospective randomized study in an animal model.Methods: Postoperative oral intake, histologic depth of injury, and tensile mechanical strength were measured in rat tongues after creating incisions using a scalpel, electrocautery, CO2 laser, and KTP laser. An unpaired, two‐tailed Student's t‐test was used to compare results between the experimental groups.Results: Oral intake, indirectly assessed by postoperative weight loss, by the third postoperative day was significantly decreased in the electrocautery (P = 0.004), CO2 laser (P = 0.001), and KTP laser (P = 0.0001) groups as compared with the scalpel group. The depth of the wound healing, as assessed by histologic examination, was successively greater for the scalpel (75 ± 13 μm), electrocautery (110 ± 10 μm), CO2 laser (145 ± 10 μm), and KTP laser (195 ± 23 μm) groups. However, this difference was only statistically significant for the CO2 laser (P = 0.006) and KTP laser (P = 0.01) groups relative to the scalpel group. Wounds created by the KTP laser had the lowest strength (76.5 ± 6.9 kPa) as compared with the CO2 laser (156 ± 28.4 kPa), electrocautery (153 ± 15.7 kPa), and scalpel groups (249 ± 61.8 kPa). This difference was only statistically significant for the KTP laser group (P = 0.02) when compared with the scalpel group.Conclusions: Wounds created in the upper aerodigestive tract of rats by scalpels result in the least postoperative weight loss, tissue destruction, and decrease in tensile strength, whereas wounds created by the KTP laser demonstrated a significantly greater postoperative weight loss, depth of wounding, and decrease in tensile strength.
Dextranomeres in Hyaluronan (DiHA): A Promising Substance in Treating Vocal Cord Insufficiency
Authors: Hallén Lars , Dahlqvist Åke , Laurent Claude 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe morphology of the rabbit vocal cord was studied after injecting a mixture of dextranomere microspheres in sodium hyaluronan solution (DiHA), two substances that are nonimmunogenic and biocompatible. DiHA is already in clinical use as a space filler in pediatric urology (Deflux R). Specimens from injected vocal cords were investigated by light microscopy at different time intervals up to 6 months after injection. On macroscopic examination a bulge was seen in the injected vocal cord, and on microscopic examination new fibrous connective tissue developed. Throughout the study a weak inflammatory reaction was observed, but no foreign body reaction. Hyaluronan disappeared from the injected site within 1 week, but the dextranomeres remained and were recovered intact up to 6 months after injection. The dextranomeres recruited fibroblasts that generated new collagen, resulting in endogenous soft tissue augmentation. It is conceivable that DiHA may become a useful injection material for treatment of vocal cord insufficiency.
Effect of Systemic Pretreatment With Betamethasone on the Bacterial Flora, Inflammatory Response, and Polyp Formation in Experimentally Infected Rabbit Maxillary Sinus Mucosa
Authors: Norlander Tomas , Kwon Sam‐Hyun , Henriksson Gert , Westrin Karl Magnus , Sandstedt Karin , Stierna Pontus 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo investigate possible effects of corticosteroids on polyp formation and local bacterial colonization, pneumococcal sinusitis was experimentally induced in rabbits pretreated with betamethasone or saline. After 7 days, macroscopic polyps were counted post‐mortem and on histologic slides after serial sectioning. Histologic sections were also examined with light microscopy. Macroscopic polyps were significantly fewer in animals given betamethasone, while there was no difference regarding the number of microscopic polyps. Ingrowth of pathogenic microorganisms was found in five of eight rabbits given placebo but in none of the animals treated with corticosteroids (P < 0.05). The reduced number of pathogenic strains in these animals may be explained by a better‐preserved local host defense. The lower number of macroscopic polyps in the same animals could be because of a delayed mucosal repair and subsequent polyp formation.
Audiometric Results of Bilateral Bone‐Anchored Hearing Aid Application in Patients With Bilateral Congenital Aural Atresia
Authors: van der Pouw Kitty T.M. , Snik F.M. , Cremers Cor W.R.J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe effect of bilateral application of bone‐anchored hearing aids (BAHAs) was examined in terms of directional hearing and speech recognition in quiet and in noise in four patients with bilateral congenital atresia who, out of pure necessity, had been using a unilateral bone‐conduction hearing aid since early life. This study comprised a prospective clinical evaluation in a single subject design; four patients with bilateral congenital atresia originating from the Nijmegen BAHA series participated. Three patients had Treacher Collins syndrome. All four patients had conductive, most probably, symmetrical, hearing loss. Recently these patients had applied for a second BAHA and were subsequently fitted bilaterally. With two BAHAs, all four patients showed significant improvement in sound localization. Also, speech perception in quiet showed significant improvement with bilateral application, and a significant improvement was found in speech perception in noise in three patients. These results suggest that patients with congenital conductive, symmetrical hearing loss will benefit from bilateral BAHAs.
Differentially Expressed Genes in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Gottschlich Stefan , Folz Benedikt J. , Lippert Burkard M. , Niemann Anna M. , Goeroegh Tibor , Werner Jochen A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCarcinogenesis is considered a multistep process. To further elucidate involved genetic changes, the differential display method was applied to compare gene expression of head and neck carcinoma cells and normal keratinocytes from the upper aerodigestive tract. Total RNA was extracted from cultured squamous carcinoma cells and keratinocytes. mRNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA, amplified by PCR, and separated on a gel. Currently three DNA transcripts were identified with a length of 191 to 336 base pairs (bp) that were either expressed only by the keratinocytes or by the malignant cells. Differentially expressed DNA fragments of the carcinoma cells and the keratinocytes were cloned and sequenced. A gene bank database search identified one fragment expressed by the carcinoma cells as an unknown gene, another one found in the keratinocytes as probably a part of the human cell attachment domain, and the third one with homology to the mRNA of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Northern blot analysis confirmed the differential expression in the malignant cells or the keratinocytes. Differential display seems to confirm the well‐known overexpression and up‐regulation of the EGFR, the differential expression of the cell attachment domain may play a role as a cofactor in carcinogenesis of head and neck cancer, and the third unknown fragment is still under investigation to elucidate the role in carcinogenesis.
Penetration of Ceftazidime Into Middle Ear Fluid in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Bégué Pierre , Garabédian Erea‐Noël , Bertrand Catherine , Aubert Bernard , Chiche Dan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTwenty‐five children with otitis media with effusion received ceftazidime 50 mg/kg intravenously before bilateral myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes. Concentrations of ceftazidime measured in serum and middle ear fluid exceeded 4 mg/L (i.e., largely above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the gram‐negative pathogens commonly recovered from children with otitis media) for at least 4 hours. Mean peak concentrations occurred 30 to 90 minutes after the injection and reached 11 to 14 mg/L. These results are in keeping with the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime in the treatment of chronic middle ear infections in children.
Videoendoscopic Swallowing Study for Diagnosis of Zenker's Diverticuli
Authors: Richardson Brent E. , Bastian Robert W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe videoendoscopic swallowing study (VESS) provides an efficient, cost‐effective method for swallowing evaluation in the clinic. Previously thought to be of little value for disorders of the proximal esophagus, this retrospective study (n = 33) demonstrates a high level of sensitivity (85%) and specificity (86%) of VESS for detecting Zenker's diverticuli in patients with symptoms of swallowing dysfunction. Furthermore, the key finding of postswallow reflux into the hypopharynx reliably distinguishes cricopharyngeus dysfunction from diverticuli in this population. This study shows that VESS can provide useful information about the proximal esophagus.
Viscosities of Implantable Biomaterials in Vocal Fold Augmentation Surgery
Authors: Chan Roger W. , Titze Ingo R. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractVocal fold vibration depends critically on the viscoelasticity of vocal fold tissues. For instance, phonation threshold pressure, a measure of the “ease” of phonation, has been shown to be directly related to the viscosity of the vibrating mucosa. Various implantable biomaterials have been used in vocal fold augmentation surgery, with implantation sites sometimes close to or inside the mucosa. Yet their viscosities or other mechanical properties are seldom known. This study attempts to provide data on viscosities of commonly used phonosurgical biomaterials. Using a parallel‐plate rotational rheometer, oscillatory shear experiments were performed on implantable polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon or Polytef; Mentor Inc., Hingham, MA), collagen (Zyderm; Collagen Corp., Palo Alto, CA), glutaraldehyde crosslinked (GAX) collagen (Phonagel or Zyplast; Collagen Corp.), absorbable gelatin (Gelfoam; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI), and human abdominal subcutaneous fat. Samples of human vocal fold mucosal tissues were also tested. Under sinusoidal oscillatory shear at 10 Hz and at 37°C, the dynamic viscosity was 116 Pascal‐seconds (Pa‐s) for polytetrafluoroethylene, 21 Pa‐s for gelatin, 8‐13 Pa‐s for the two types of collagen, 3 Pa‐s for fat, and 1 to 3 Pa‐s for vocal fold mucosa. Results extrapolated to 100 Hz also show similar differences among the biomaterials, but all values are an order of magnitude lower because of the typical inverse frequency relation (shear thinning effect) for polymeric and biologic materials. The data suggest that the use of fat for vocal fold augmentation may be more conducive to the “ease” of phonation because of its relatively low viscosity, which is closest to physiologic levels. This implication is probably the most relevant in predicting initial outcome of the postoperative voice before there is any significant assimilation (e.g., resorption and fibrosis) of the implanted biomaterial.
Conservation of Resources: Indications for Intensive Care Monitoring After Upper Airway Surgery on Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Terris David J. , Fincher Edgar F. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Fee Willard E. , Adachi Kristi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough significant complications can result after upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate level of monitoring in the perioperative period. A retrospective analysis was performed on the operative records of 109 adult patients who underwent 125 surgical procedures from January 1, 1991, to May 31, 1996, with particular emphasis on complications that would have mandated intensive care monitoring and management. Airway complications occurred in one patient (0.8%), who became obstructed immediately after surgery; he responded to naloxone and suctioning. Five other patients (4%) suffered oxygen desaturation to levels below 90% (none fell below 80%, and in only one case was it below the lowest preoperative oxygen saturation level). Cardiac complications, primarily significant hypertension, were the most common adverse events. Four (3.2%) bleeding complications were encountered; all occurred after discharge from the hospital. Routine postoperative intensive care monitoring for all adult patients undergoing upper airway surgery for OSA is unnecessary. Although high‐risk patients cannot always be identified preoperatively, significant complications generally emerge within 2 hours after surgery. Therefore a decision regarding the level of postoperative monitoring needed may be made with confidence during the period of time that the patient is in the recovery room.
Meta‐Analysis of Outcomes of Pediatric Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Hebert Richard L. , Bent John P. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: To create a consensus of outcomes of pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and assess its effectiveness and safety.Study Design: A meta‐analysis of the literature on outcomes of pediatric FESS.Methods: A meta‐analysis of the literature was performed focusing on the number of patients per study, length of follow‐up, prospective versus retrospective, and the separation or exclusion of patients with significant underlying systemic diseases (cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiencies). A rating scale based on the above criteria was used to select articles for inclusion.Results: Eight published articles (832 patients) plus unpublished data from the authors' institution (50 patients) were included. The “positive” outcome rates for published, unpublished, and combined data were 88.4%, 92%, and 88.7%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in “positive” outcome existed between all published or unpublished series using a chi‐squared test (power = .51, P = .38). The average combined follow‐up was 3.7 years, with a major complication rate of 0.6%.Conclusion: Pediatric FESS is a safe and effective treatment for chronic sinusitis that is refractory to medical therapy.
Significance of Unilateral Submandibular Gland Excision on Salivary Flow in Noncancer Patients
Authors: Cunning Devin M. , Lipke Neil , Wax Mark K. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Normal salivary flow is important for maintaining good oral hygiene. Lack of normal flow predisposes to an increased incidence of dental caries and symptomatic xerostomia. The submandibular glands are responsible for 70% of resting salivary flow. Removal of the submandibular gland is most commonly performed for sialolithiasis, chronic sialoadenitis, or as part of a neck dissection. The effect of unilateral gland resection for benign disease on resting salivary flow has not been well examined in the literature.Study Design: Case controlled study involving patients who had undergone a unilateral submandibular gland resection matched with normal control subjects.Method: Stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates in surgical and control subjects were measured in a controlled setting.Results: Unstimulated salivary flow rates were 0.805 mL/min in the control group and 0.405 mL/min in the surgical group (P = .01). Stimulated salivary flow rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P > .05). Fifty‐seven percent of patients in the surgical group and 14% in the control group had xerostomia (P < .05).Conclusion: Unilateral submandibular gland excision results in a decreased rate of resting salivary flow and an increase in subjective xerostomia.
Endoscopic Optic Nerve Decompression: The Graz Experience
Authors: Luxenberger Wolfgang , Stammberger Heinz , Jebeles John A. , Walch Christian 
Published: November 2003

AbstractRecommendations for management of traumatic injuries to the optic nerve in the literature include expectant management, medical therapy, surgical treatment, and medical therapy combined with surgical decompression. Traditional surgical approaches to optic nerve decompression (OND) are a neurosurgical or craniotomy approach, extranasal transethmoidal approach, transorbital approach, transantral approach, and intranasal microscopic approach. Recent advances in instrumentation and surgical techniques have made an endoscopic approach to OND possible. Since 1991 endonasal endoscopic decompression of the optic nerve has been the surgical approach of choice in patients requiring OND in the authors' hospital. The endoscopic method offers many advantages over the traditional approaches. Decreased morbidity, preservation of olfaction, rapid recovery time, more acceptable cosmetic results with no external scars, no risk of injury to the developing teeth in children, and less operative stress in a patient who may have multisystem trauma are only some of the benefits associated with the endoscopic OND. The authors' technique of endonasal endoscopic approach to OND, medical management, and indications for surgery and the results in 22 patients undergoing this procedure are discussed.
Sinus Surgery: Does Mitomycin C Reduce Stenosis?
Authors: Ingrams Duncan R. , Volk Mark S. , Biesman Brian S. , Pankratov Michail M. , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis experimental study investigates the effect of mitomycin C (MMC) on sinus mucosal healing. MMC has an antiproliferative action on fibroblasts. It is used in glaucoma surgery to prevent restenosis of fistulas. Antrostomies were drilled in rabbit maxillary sinuses. One side was used as a control and the other treated with MMC at a concentration of 0.04, 0.4, or 1 mg/mL. Two animals from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The antrostomies in the control and 0.04‐mg/mL groups had closed by 1 week; in the 0.4‐mg/mL group by 4 weeks, and in the 1.0‐mg/mL group by 12 weeks. Ciliary function was initially impaired but normalized within 1 week. Both light and scanning electron microscopy showed no permanent damage to the cilia. These results suggest that MMC can be used to delay closure of antrostomies in sinus surgery.
Use of electrocochleography in the diagnosis of meniere's disease
Authors: Levine Samuel , Margolis Robert H. , Daly Kathleen A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractObjective: The diagnosis of Meniere's disease has always been a source of confusion. There is no single test that is definitive for the diagnosis. Recent advances have enabled clinicians to noninvasively test the function of the inner ear and its associated neural pathways. The electrocochleogram (ECOG) has been advocated as a reliable test that is diagnostic for Meniere's disease. This study was undertaken to assess the value of ECOG in establishing the diagnosis of Meniere's disease. Study Design: Patients who were suspected of having Meniere's disease were prospectively entered into a study of the diagnostic value of ECOG. Each patient had a complete evaluation including a detailed history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and audiometric tests. Setting: University otolaryngology clinic. Patients: A group of 199 patients who presented to a neurotology clinic and were suspected to have symptoms consistent with Meniere's disease. Intervention: ECOG testing. Main Outcome Measures: Audiometric thresholds, action potential magnitude (AP), summating potential amplitude (SP), AP latency, and clinical evaluations were assessed. Results: The ECOG was found to correlate with historical and audiometric criteria that are used to diagnose the disease. The percentage of abnormal ECOG did not correlate with stage of disease or duration of time that symptoms were present. Conclusions: The ECOG has limited value in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease. It appears to correlate with the length of time patients experience symptoms and their audiometric findings. It was not correlated with the number of symptoms that the patient experienced at the time that the study was conducted.