bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Siglec-8 and HLA-DR and Reduced CRTH2 Surface Expression, Highlight a Distinct Phenotypic Signature of Circulating Eosinophils in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Dezoteux Frédéric , Marcant Pierre , Dendooven Arnaud , Delaunay Émeline , Esnault Stéphane , Trauet Jacques , Lefevre Guillaume , Staumont-Salle Delphine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as other type 2 immune response (T2) diseases are often linked to elevated eosinophil (Eos) levels in the blood. Although the role of Eos in AD pathophysiology is suspected, it remains unclear. The development of new treatments targeting the T2 response, particularly cytokines involved in Eos activation and chemotaxis, makes it necessary to identify potential Eos profiles in AD that may respond to these treatments. A prospective study was conducted comparing blood Eos phenotypes in moderate-to-severe AD patients (n=19) without recent systemic treatment to healthy individuals (HI, n=19). The primary outcome was the membranous phenotypic signature of Eos, assessed by flow cytometry. Most AD patients (84%) had early onset in childhood, a severe disease (mean SCORAD of 57.5), and elevated blood Eos counts (310 per µl in AD vs 120 in HI, p&lt;0.0001). AD patients exhibited lower CRTH2 on Eos but higher levels of HLA-DR and Siglec-8 compared to HI. Other surface proteins showed no significant differences. Clustering analysis confirmed increased Siglec-8 in AD patients. Additionally, AD patients had higher serum levels of T2 immune response-markers as eotaxin-2, IL-5, IL-3, and TARC. Circulating Eos in AD patients show a distinct phenotypic profile, suggesting a role in AD pathophysiology and potential involvement in differential treatment responses.
Ionosphere of Ganymede: Galileo observations versus test particle simulation
Authors: Beth A , Galand M , Modolo R , Jia X , Leblanc F , Huybrighs H L F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we model the plasma environment of Ganymede by means of a collisionless test particle simulation. By coupling the outputs from a DSMC simulation of Ganymede’s exosphere (i.e. number density profiles of neutral species such as H, H2, O, HO, H2O, O2 for which we provide parametrisation) with those of a MagnetoHydroDynamic simulation of the interaction between Ganymede and the Jovian plasma (i.e. electric and magnetic fields), we perform a comparison between simulated ion plasma densities and ion energy spectra with those observed in-situ during 6 close flybys of Ganymede by the Galileo spacecraft. We find that not only our test particle simulation sometimes can well reproduce the in-situ ion number density measurement, but also the dominant ion species during these flybys are $\mathrm{H_2^+}$, $\mathrm{O_2^+}$, and occasionally H2O+. Although the observed ion energy spectra cannot be reproduced exactly, the simulated ion energy spectra exhibit similar trends to those observed near the closest approach and near the magnetopause crossings but at lower energies. We show that the neutral exosphere plays an important role in supplying plasma to Ganymede’s magnetised environment and that additional mechanisms may be at play to energise/accelerate newborn ions from the neutral exosphere.
3D hydrodynamic simulations of white dwarf-main-sequence star collisions - II. Off-centre collisions
Authors: van der Merwe C J T , Mohamed S S , José J , Shara M M , Kamiński T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stellar collisions have garnered renewed attention for their role in the formation of peculiar objects, such as blue stragglers, and their potential to explain transients with atypical observational and spectroscopic signatures. Among these, white dwarf-main sequence (WD-MS) collisions are particularly intriguing due to the diverse evolutionary pathways they can produce—such as peculiar red giants, novae, or sub-Chandrasekhar supernovae. We present 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of WD-MS collisions, exploring a range of mass ratios and impact parameters. We analyze the dynamics, energetics, gas morphology, and mass loss from these interactions. Using a 34-isotope nuclear network, we further predict the nucleosynthesis products generated during these collisions. Our models suggest that at early times the ejecta have a bipolar structure and, along with the stellar remnant, may be enriched in isotopes such as 13C, 15N, and 17O. In the case of near head-on collisions, the ejecta may also show an overabundance of 7Li relative to solar values.
An aberrant protamine ratio is associated with decreased H4ac levels in murine and human sperm
Authors: Kruse Alexander , Schneider Simon , Merges Gina Esther , Fröbius Andreas Christian , Forné Ignasi , Imhof Axel , Schorle Hubert , Steger Klaus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Protamine 2 (Prm2/PRM2), together with Protamine 1 (Prm1/PRM1), constitute the two protamines found in both murine and human sperm. During spermiogenesis in haploid male germ cells, chromatin undergoes significant condensation, a phase in which most histones are replaced by a species-specific ratio of these two protamines. Altered PRM1/PRM2 ratios are associated with subfertility and infertility in both male mice and men. Notably, during histone-to-protamine exchange a small fraction of histones remains (ranging from 1% to 15%) bound to DNA. The regulatory roles of these residual histones, governed by post-translational modifications (PTMs), play a pivotal role in spermatogenesis, particularly in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic regulation of genes during sperm differentiation or even in early embryogenesis.
In this study, utilizing a Prm2-deficient mouse model and conducting an analysis of sperm samples from men exhibiting either normozoospermia or atypical spermiograms, we observed alterations in the methylation and acetylation profiles of histones H3 and H4. Subsequent in- depth analysis revealed that discrepancies in protamine ratios do not significantly influence the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones in testicular sperm. In murine epididymal sperm, altered protamine ratios are associated with reduced acetylation of histone H4 (H4ac), a phenomenon similarly observed in ejaculated sperm from men. In particular, H4K5ac and H4K12ac were identified as the two modifications that appear to decrease as a result of reduced Prm2/PRM2 levels. Our findings reveal that Protamine 2 is necessary for the maintenance of specific histone PTMs, such as acetylation, which is essential for proper spermatogenesis and particularly for chromatin remodeling.
Effects of Craniectomy Defect on Tumor Treating Fields
Authors: Lok Edwin , Chang Bryant , Vega Rafael , Haack Monica , Wong Eric T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields approved for the treatment of glioblastoma. They must penetrate through the skull to reach the gross tumor volume (GTV) in the brain. Since skull is an attenuator of electric fields, removal of a section of cortical bone by craniectomy may facilitate the delivery of TTFields into the GTV.

Materials and Methods
We identified a glioblastoma patient who underwent a craniectomy for evacuation of a subdural empyema. The patient subsequently received standard adjuvant treatment with TTFields plus temozolomide without replacement of the skull defect. Post-acquisition magnetic resonance imaging datasets were obtained from this index patient and two others for virtual craniectomy analysis. After anatomic delineation, a 3-dimensional finite element mesh was generated and then solved for the distribution of applied electric fields, rate of energy deposition, and current density at the GTV.

Results
The geometry of craniectomy defect alone, with or without burr holes, did not alter TTFields delivery to GTV. Biomaterials filling the defect could significantly influence electric field penetration, particularly when they are highly conductive at 10 S/m or 7.76 x 106 S/m as in tantalum. The ratio of GTV relative to defect size also enhanced or attenuated TTFields coverage when the GTV was expanded or eroded, respectively.

Conclusions
Craniectomy, biomaterials filling the defect, and the ratio of GTV relative to defect size may interact in a combinatorial fashion in modulating TTFields penetration into the brain. These findings are clinically relevant for personalized TTFields treatment.
Prevalence and clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in interstitial lung disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Tingting , Cao Chao , Cen Zekai , Zhou Haijun , Lv Dan , Zhang Yun , Ding Qunli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are occasionally positive in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The positivity rates of ANCAs in various types of ILD and the role of ANCAs in ILD are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ANCAs in Chinese people diagnosed with ILD (including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and identify differences in clinical features, radiographic features, and survival between patients with ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative ILD.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of 706 ILD patients with available ANCA results from March 2010 to October 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University. Patient demographics, symptoms, laboratory parameters, chest CT, and pulmonary function testing results were collected and analysed at each patient’s initial diagnosis. The prevalence and associations of ANCAs with clinical characteristics and survival were evaluated.

Results
ANCAs were positive in 158 of the 706 (22.4%) ILD patients. Compared with ANCA-negative ILD patients, ANCA-positive ILD patients tended to be older, had higher CRP and ESR levels, and had a significantly greater proportion of rheumatoid factor positivity. In total, 58.2% (92/158) of patients were ANCA-positive on average (41.6 ± 31.4) months after ILD diagnosis. Patients with ANCA-positive ILD had higher all-cause mortality than did those with ANCA-negative ILD (33.5% vs 25.0%, p = 0.033). The usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern (56.3%) was the most common chest HRCT pattern. The proportions of patients with honeycombing (p &lt; 0.001) and oddly shaped cysts (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly greater in the ANCA-positive ILD group than in the ANCA-negative ILD group. Acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.37–4.22, p = 0.002) was independently associated with shorter survival, and receiving glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16–0.57, p &lt; 0.001) was independently associated with longer survival in ANCA-positive ILD patients.

Conclusions
The prevalence of ANCAs in patients with ILD is not rare, and ANCA testing in ILD patients is necessary. Oddly shaped cysts with or without a UIP pattern may be a characteristic chest imaging manifestation of ANCA-positive ILDs. The frequency of AEs in ANCA-positive ILD patients is high, and more attention should be given to ANCA-positive ILD patients who have AEs.
Acute hip fractures and the fascia iliaca compartment block
Authors: Robinson Devin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Acute hip fractures are common injuries evaluated in the ED. Emergency medicine clinicians are tasked with managing patients' severe pain while also trying to reduce harm caused by overuse of opioids. Multimodal analgesics, including peripheral nerve blocks, are crucial to pain management. This article reviews the fascia iliaca compartment block and the benefits of its early use.
Predictive Value of a Novel Frailty Index for Cardiovascular Outcomes After Major Noncardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xie Yi-Shan , Lei Shao-Hui , Wen Shi-Kun , Wang Jia-Qi , Zhang Ya , Liu Jia-Ming , Luo Wen-Chi , Li Zhen-Lue , Peng Huan-Chuan , Liu Ke-Xuan , Zhao Bing-Cheng ,   for the PREVENGE-CB collaborators*
Published: February 2025

Background:
Older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery are at risk of postoperative cardiovascular events. Accurate cardiovascular risk assessment is important for informed decision-making.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study enrolled older patients undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery. A frailty index based on preoperative geriatric assessments (FI-PGA) was constructed using 32 health-related parameters. The primary outcome was the occurrence of any cardiovascular events within 30 days after surgery. The associations between the FI-PGA and outcomes were assessed using logistic regression models. The added predictive value was evaluated by comparing nested models using improvement in model fit, fraction of new predictive information, net reclassification improvement, and decision curve analysis. The predictive performance of the Clinical Frailty Scale was also evaluated.

Results:
A total of 1808 patients were included, with 316 (17.5%) patients experiencing the primary outcome. The FI-PGA was associated with increased odds of the primary outcome after adjustment for clinical predictors (odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.33-1.82 per 0.1-point increment), and clinical predictors plus preoperative N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.16-1.61 per 0.1-point increment). Integration of the FI-PGA in prediction models significantly improved model fit and provided new predictive information. Net reclassification improvement analysis showed that adding the FI-PGA to risk models improved risk estimation for patients who did not develop postoperative cardiovascular events, but did not improve risk estimation for those who experienced events. Decision curves showed the models containing the FI-PGA achieved higher net benefit. Improved model performance was also observed when the Clinical Frailty Scale was used for frailty assessment, although the added predictive values appeared lower.

Conclusions:
A frailty index derived from preoperative multidimensional geriatric assessment can improve cardiovascular risk prediction before noncardiac surgery, primarily by improving risk estimation for patients who will not develop postoperative cardiovascular events.
Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting fatigue in climacteric women
Authors: Wu Huan , Gao Danfeng , Duan Xin , Zhang Haiyue , Ren Yali , Dai Zizhen , Song Liwen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to develop and validate a nomogram for evaluating the risk of fatigue in climacteric women and to assess its clinical application value.

Methods
Clinical information was collected from 402 climacteric women who visited a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between November 2023 and April 2024. Network analysis methods were utilized to analyze the core symptom (fatigue). The study participants were then randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for fatigue in climacteric women. A nomogram prediction model was established based on these independent risk factors. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the concordance index, area under the curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and calibration curve analysis. Additionally, decision curve analysis was performed to assess the model's performance in clinical applications.

Results
Fatigue is identified as the core symptom in climacteric women. Educational level, chronic diseases, and depression status are independent influencing factors for fatigue in menopausal women. The area under the curve for the training cohort and validation cohort are 0.813 (95% CI, 0.743-0.884) and 0.759 (95% CI, 0.637-0.879), respectively, indicating that the model possesses good discriminative ability. The calibration curve shows good consistency between the predicted probabilities and actual probabilities in both the training and validation cohorts. Additionally, the P values for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test in the training and validation sets are 0.233 and 0.197, respectively, indicating good model calibration. Finally, the decision curve analysis curve demonstrates that the model has good clinical utility.

Conclusions
A simple nomogram based on three independent factors (educational level, chronic diseases, and depression status) can aid in clinically predicting the risk of fatigue in climacteric women.
Effect of abaloparatide on fracture incidence and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at highest risk for fracture
Authors: DeSapri Kristi Tough , Clarke Bart L. , Kostenuik Paul , Wang Yamei , Mitlak Bruce H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of abaloparatide treatment in a subgroup of postmenopausal women from the Abaloparatide Comparator Trial In Vertebral Endpoints (ACTIVE; NCT01343004) study who met high fracture risk criteria (defined in several professional society guidelines).

Methods
Women from ACTIVE meeting ≥1 of the following fracture risk criteria were included: fracture within the past 12 months or prevalent vertebral fracture, baseline T score of <−3.0 at any site, very high fracture risk probability by FRAX (ie, 10-yr major osteoporotic fracture >30% or hip fracture >4.5%), or multiple prior fractures at baseline since age ≥45 years.

Results
A total of 2,026 participants met ≥1 fracture risk criteria defined in clinical guidelines (abaloparatide, n = 664; placebo, n = 677; teriparatide, n = 685). New vertebral fracture risk was reduced in participants receiving abaloparatide (4 [0.72%]) and teriparatide (6 [0.99%]) versus placebo (28 [4.77%]; both P < 0.0001). Estimated Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence of nonvertebral fracture was 3.0%, 5.3%, and 3.0% in the abaloparatide, placebo, and teriparatide groups, respectively; 4.0%, 9.0%, 4.3% for clinical fracture; 1.6%, 6.8%, 3.0% for major osteoporotic fractures; and 1.1%, 2.1%, 2.1% for wrist fracture. Abaloparatide was associated with bone mineral density gains from baseline at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck at all time points (6, 12, and 18 mo; P < 0.0001 for all). Common adverse events reported in participants treated with abaloparatide were hypercalciuria (11.5%), dizziness (11.0%), and arthralgia (8.9%).

Conclusions
Abaloparatide reduced fracture incidence and increased bone mineral density in participants at highest fracture risk, consistent with the overall ACTIVE study.
Climate change and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Ang Song Peng , Chia Jia Ee 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
This review explores the complex relationship between climate change and cardiovascular health. It examines the mechanisms through which climate change impacts cardiovascular risk, highlights recent findings on regional trends, and discusses mitigation strategies.

Recent findings
Climate change significantly contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through mechanisms such as temperature extremes, air pollution, and food insecurity. Heatwaves increase risks of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and acute cardiovascular events, while cold spells exacerbate myocardial stress and pollution-related cardiovascular risks. Air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), induces systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Emerging data highlight regional variations, with urbanization exacerbating risks in Asia-Pacific and Middle Eastern populations, while extreme heat and cold challenge resilience in Europe and Latin America. Studies also link socioeconomic stress from climate-induced displacement and resource shortages to chronic cardiovascular conditions. Notably, urban greening and air quality regulations demonstrate potential for reducing cardiovascular risks.

Summary
Climate change amplifies cardiovascular risks through diverse mechanisms, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations. Targeted strategies, including public health campaigns, sustainable urban planning, and technological innovations, can mitigate these risks. Advances in generative artificial intelligence and big data analytics offer opportunities to tailor interventions and enhance predictive modeling. A multidisciplinary approach integrating public health, environmental science, and clinical expertise is critical to addressing these challenges. Urgent action is required to mitigate the long-term cardiovascular impacts of climate change and foster resilient health systems globally.
Advances in device-based therapies for cardiorenal syndrome
Authors: Esposito Michele L. , Moore Ryan 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Diuretic resistance presents a harrowing obstacle in patients with decompensated heart failure and cardiac-driven cardiorenal syndrome. This conundrum not only presents clinical decision-making challenges but also portends worse outcomes for these patients. The development of device-based therapies to provide support in these cases is an attractive alternative therapeutic option. This review will describe the growing evidence supporting developments in device-based therapies for cardiorenal syndrome in patients with heart failure.

Recent findings
We describe multiple emerging technologies in this space, each classified according to its mechanism of action. ‘Pushers’ are devices that increase blood flow and perfusion pressure to the renal arteries. ‘Pullers’ reduce renal afterload by decreasing pressure in the renal veins, and ‘fluid shifters’ decongest the interstitium through the lymphatic system.

Summary
While early results from small clinical studies piloting these devices are promising, randomized controlled trials are needed to fully evaluate their utility in patients with heart failure. In the future, these devices may work synergistically with pharmacologic therapy to reduce average inpatient length of stay, hospitalization rates, and potentially improve mortality.