bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Bolus r-SAK Before Primary PCI for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Pengsheng , Eikelboom John W. , Tan Chunyue , Zhang Wenhao , Xu Yi , Bai Jianling , Wang Jun , Wang Tong , Gong Xiaoxuan , Liu Kun , Chen Xin , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhu Li , Zhao Xin , Yang Naiquan , Jiang Jun , Pu Jun , Zhao Bo , Chen Zengguang , Li Baihong , Wang Guoyu , Lu Chuan , Ying Lianghong , Jiang Meng , Zhu Xiaomei , Ma Jiazheng , Dong Zhou , Li Chen , Zong Jiaxin , Zhang Fumin , Zhu Jun , Huang Jun , Kong Xiangqing , Yu Hao , Li Chunjian ,   for the OPTIMA-5 Investigators
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
It is uncertain whether adjunctive thrombolysis is beneficial for patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 120 minutes of presentation. This study was to determine whether in patients presenting with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction a single bolus recombinant staphylokinase (r-SAK) before timely PCI leads to improved patency of the infarct-related artery and reduces the infarct size.

METHODS:
This is an open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized study. We enrolled patients aged 18 to 75 years who were within 12 hours of symptom onset of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes. Patients were administered loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive 5 mg bolus of r-SAK or normal saline intravenously before PCI. The primary end point was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 2 to 3 or grade 3 in the infarct-related artery 60 minutes after thrombolysis. The infarct size was detected by cardiac magnetic resonance 5 days after randomization. The safety end point was major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥3) during 30-day follow-up.

RESULTS:

A total of 283 patients were screened from 8 centers and 200 were randomized (median age, 58.5 years; 14% female). The median symptom to thrombolysis time was 252.5 (interquartile range, 142.8–423.8) minutes and thrombolysis to coronary arteriography was 50.0 (interquartile range, 37.0–66.0) minutes. Patients randomized to r-SAK compared with normal saline more often had Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 2 to 3 (69.0% versus 29.0%;
P
<0.001) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 (51.0% versus 18.0%;
P
<0.001) and had smaller infarct size (21.91±10.84% versus 26.85±12.37%;
P
=0.016). There was no increase in major bleeding (r-SAK, 1.0% versus control, 3.0%;
P
=0.616).

CONCLUSIONS:
A single bolus r-SAK before primary PCI for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction improves infarct-related artery patency and reduces infarct size without increasing major bleeding.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05023681.
Detection and Control of Pregnancy Hypertension Using Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure With Automated Telemonitoring: Cost Analyses of the BUMP Randomized Trials
Authors: Campbell Helen E. , Chappell Lucy C. , McManus Richard J. , Tucker Katherine L. , Crawford Carole , Green Marcus , Rivero-Arias Oliver 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Pregnancy hypertension continues to cause maternal and perinatal morbidity. Two linked UK randomized trials showed adding self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) with automated telemonitoring to usual antenatal care did not result in earlier detection or better control of pregnancy hypertension. This article reports the trials’ integrated cost analyses.

METHODS:
Two cost analyses. SMBP with usual care was compared with usual care alone in pregnant individuals at risk of hypertension (BUMP 1 trial [Blood Pressure Monitoring in High Risk Pregnancy to Improve the Detection and Monitoring of Hypertension], n=2441) and with hypertension (BUMP 2 trial, n=850). Clinical notes review identified participant-level antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care and these were costed. Comparisons between trial arms used means and 95% CIs. Within BUMP 2, chronic and gestational hypertension cohorts were analyzed separately. Telemonitoring system costs were reported separately.

RESULTS:
In BUMP 1, mean (SE) total costs with SMBP and with usual care were £7200 (£323) and £7063 (£245), respectively, mean difference (95% CI), £151 (−£633 to £936). For the BUMP 2 chronic hypertension cohort, corresponding figures were £13 384 (£1230), £12 614 (£1081), mean difference £323 (−£2904 to £3549) and for the gestational hypertension cohort were £11 456 (£901), £11 145 (£959), mean difference £41 (−£2486 to £2567). The per-person cost of telemonitoring was £6 in BUMP 1 and £29 in BUMP 2.

CONCLUSIONS:
SMBP was not associated with changes in the cost of health care contacts for individuals at risk of, or with, pregnancy hypertension. This is reassuring as SMBP in pregnancy is widely prevalent, particularly because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03334149.
Association Between Age at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes and Hospitalization for Heart Failure: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Ke Calvin , Shah Baiju R. , Thiruchelvam Deva , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. 
Published: January 2024

Background
The relation between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) is unclear. We assessed the association between age at diagnosis of T2D and HHF.

Methods and Results
We conducted a population‐based cohort study using administrative health databases from the Canadian province of Ontario, including participants without prior heart failure. We identified people with new‐onset T2D between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2015, and matched each person with 3 diabetes‐free adults, according to birth year and sex. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and rate ratios (RRs) for the association between age at T2D diagnosis and incident HHF, which was assessed until March 31, 2020. Among 743 053 individuals with T2D and 2 199 539 matched individuals without T2D, 126 241 incident HHF events occurred over 8.9 years. T2D was associated with a greater adjusted hazard of HHF at younger ages (eg, HR at age 30 years: 6.94 [95% CI, 6.54–7.36]) than at older ages (eg, HR at age 60 years: 2.50 [95% CI, 2.45–2.56]) relative to matched individuals. Additional adjustment for mediators (hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease) marginally attenuated this relationship. Age at T2D diagnosis was associated with a greater number of HHF events relative to matched individuals at younger ages (eg, RR at age 30 years: 6.39 [95% CI, 5.76–7.08]) than at older ages (eg, RR at age 60 years: 2.65 [95% CI, 2.54–2.76]).

Conclusions
Younger age at T2D diagnosis is associated with a disproportionately elevated HHF risk relative to age‐matched individuals without T2D.
Screening of Moyamoya Disease From Retinal Photographs: Development and Validation of Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hong JaeSeong , Yoon Sangchul , Shim Kyu Won , Park Yu Rang 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare and complex pathological condition characterized by an abnormal collateral circulation network in the basal brain. The diagnosis of MMD and its progression is unpredictable and influenced by many factors. MMD can affect the blood vessels supplying the eyes, resulting in a range of ocular symptoms. In this study, we developed a deep learning model using real-world data to assist a diagnosis and determine the stage of the disease using retinal photographs.

METHODS:
This retrospective observational study conducted from August 2006 to March 2022 included 498 retinal photographs from 78 patients with MMD and 3835 photographs from 1649 healthy participants. Photographs were preprocessed, and an ResNeXt50 model was developed. Model performance was measured using receiver operating curves and their area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and F1-score. Heatmaps and progressive erasing plus progressive restoration were performed to validate the faithfulness.

RESULTS:
Overall, 322 retinal photographs from 67 patients with MMD and 3752 retinal photographs from 1616 healthy participants were used to develop a screening and stage prediction model for MMD. The average age of the patients with MMD was 44.1 years, and the average follow-up time was 115 months. Stage 3 photographs were the most prevalent, followed by stages 4, 5, 2, 1, and 6 and healthy. The MMD screening model had an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 94.6%, with 89.8% sensitivity and 90.4% specificity at the best cutoff point. MMD stage prediction models had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 78% or higher, with stage 3 performing the best at 93.6%. Heatmap identified the vascular region of the fundus as important for prediction, and progressive erasing plus progressive restoration result shows an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 70% only with 50% of the important regions.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated that retinal photographs could be used as potential biomarkers for screening and staging of MMD and the disease stage could be classified by a deep learning algorithm.
Real Face Value: The Processing of Naturalistic Facial Expressions in the Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Taubert Jessica , Japee Shruti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For primates, expressions of fear are thought to be powerful social signals. In laboratory settings, faces with fearful expressions have reliably evoked valence effects in inferior temporal cortex. However, because macaques use so called “fear grins” in a variety of different contexts, the deeper question is whether the macaque inferior temporal cortex is tuned to the prototypical fear grin, or to conspecifics signaling fear? In this study, we combined neuroimaging with the results of a behavioral task to investigate how macaques encode a wide variety of fearful facial expressions. In Experiment 1, we identified two sets of macaque face stimuli using different approaches; we selected faces based on the emotional context (i.e., calm vs. fearful), and we selected faces based on the engagement of action units (i.e., neutral vs. fear grins). We also included human faces in Experiment 1. Then, using fMRI, we found that the faces selected based on context elicited a larger valence effect in the inferior temporal cortex than faces selected based on visual appearance. Furthermore, human facial expressions only elicited weak valence effects. These observations were further supported by the results of a two-alternative, forced-choice task (Experiment 2), suggesting that fear grins vary in their perceived pleasantness. Collectively, these findings indicate that the macaque inferior temporal cortex is more involved in social intelligence than commonly assumed, encoding emergent properties in naturalistic face stimuli that transcend basic visual features. These results demand a rethinking of theories surrounding the function and operationalization of primate inferior temporal cortex.
Amygdalar Excitation of Hippocampal Interneurons Can Lead to Emotion-driven Overgeneralization of Context
Authors: John Yohan J. , Wang Jingyi , Bullock Daniel , Barbas Helen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Context is central to cognition: Detailed contextual representations enable flexible adjustment of behavior via comparison of the current situation with prior experience. Emotional experiences can greatly enhance contextual memory. However, sufficiently intense emotional signals can have the opposite effect, leading to weaker or less specific memories. How can emotional signals have such intensity-dependent effects? A plausible mechanistic account has emerged from recent anatomical data on the impact of the amygdala on the hippocampus in primates. In hippocampal CA3, the amygdala formed potent synapses on pyramidal neurons, calretinin (CR) interneurons, as well as parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. CR interneurons are known to disinhibit pyramidal neuron dendrites, whereas PV neurons provide strong perisomatic inhibition. This potentially counterintuitive connectivity, enabling amygdala to both enhance and inhibit CA3 activity, may provide a mechanism that can boost or suppress memory in an intensity-dependent way. To investigate this possibility, we simulated this connectivity pattern in a spiking network model. Our simulations revealed that moderate amygdala input can enrich CA3 representations of context through disinhibition via CR interneurons, but strong amygdalar input can impoverish CA3 activity through simultaneous excitation and feedforward inhibition via PV interneurons. Our model revealed an elegant circuit mechanism that mediates an affective “inverted U” phenomenon: There is an optimal level of amygdalar input that enriches hippocampal context representations, but on either side of this zone, representations are impoverished. This circuit mechanism helps explain why excessive emotional arousal can disrupt contextual memory and lead to overgeneralization, as seen in severe anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Monsoon Planet: Bimodal Rainfall Distribution due to Barrier Structure in Pressure Fields
Authors: Katzenberger Anja , Petri Stefan , Feulner Georg , Levermann Anders 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Monsoon systems transport water and energy across the globe, making them a central component of the global circulation system. Changes in different forcing parameters have the potential to fundamentally change the monsoon characteristics as indicated in various paleoclimatic records. Here, we use the Atmosphere Model developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL-AM2) and couple it with a slab ocean in order to analyze the monsoon’s sensitivity to changes in different parameters on a planet with idealized topography (varying land position, slab depth, atmospheric CO2 concentration, solar radiation, sulfate aerosol concentration, and surface albedo). This Monsoon Planet concept of an aquaplanet with a broad zonal land stripe allows us to reduce the influence of topography and to access the relevant meridional monsoon dynamics. In simulations with monsoon dynamics, a bimodal rainfall distribution develops during the monsoon months with one maximum over the tropical ocean and the other one over land. The intensity and extent of the monsoon depend on the relative height of a local maximum in the surface pressure field that is acting as a barrier and is determining the coastward moisture transport. Changes in the barrier height occur during the course of one year but can also be induced when varying different parameters in the sensitivity analysis (e.g., the increase of atmospheric CO2 reduces the barrier height, resulting in an increase of rainfall, while aerosols have the opposing effect). This bimodal rainfall structure separated by a pressure barrier is also present in reanalysis data of the West African monsoon.

Significance Statement
Monsoon rainfall directly impacts the livelihood of millions of individuals in the tropics. Because monsoons transport energy and water around the globe, their influence reaches far beyond the tropics, and changes in their dynamics affect the climate both locally and globally. The individual monsoon systems are subject to various forcing factors that determine the monsoon characteristics in partly opposing ways. Here, we implement a model setup of the Monsoon Planet to study the monsoon’s sensitivity to various forcings in a simplified design, allowing us to gain new insights into monsoon dynamics. We find that a local maximum in the pressure field is acting as a barrier for moisture transport and thus determines the monsoon characteristics over land.
In unsteady waters: How mayors and chief administrative officers make sense of a public service bargain in disequilibrium
Authors: Grøn Caroline Howard , Opstrup Niels , Salomonsen Heidi Houlberg , Villadsen Anders Ryom 
Published: January 2024

Public service bargains (PSBs) have become a central heuristic to understand the relationship between politicians and senior bureaucrats. In this article, we add to the existing literature by exploring how both politicians and senior bureaucrats make sense of a PSB in disequilibrium. Based on individual and focus group interviews and six case studies of breakdown in the bargain, we find that bargains may be unstable due to both changing circumstances and differences in interpretations. We add to previous research by demonstrating how the differences in interpretations may manifest themselves along two dimensions, that is, in the balance between the types of competences and rewards that should be included in the bargain as perceived by politicians and senior civil servants, as well as how the competences and rewards agreed upon are interpreted. Points for practitioners The way mayors and chief administrative officers (CAOs) understand their relationship (the public service bargain) can sometimes reach a state of disequilibrium. This study explores how such a disequilibrium is interpreted by the relevant actors in terms of competences and rewards. Proactive renegotiation and alignment between mayors and CAOs is essential in responding to individual and relational dynamics to ensure efficient and legitimate cooperation between political and administrative actors.
Understanding how online solution–focused hypnotherapy can support the wellbeing of police personnel and treat symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Barney Emily , Treby Emma , Johannes Gary , Seymour Kerry 
Published: January 2024

Background: The mental health and wellbeing of police personnel has received increased attention over the last 5 years and rates of mental illness amongst employees are high. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses within the police force, yet little is known about how effective psychotherapeutic interventions are in treating the symptoms of these mental illnesses in police personnel, that is, how many police personnel recover from anxiety and depression after completing a course of psychotherapy. In the psychotherapy outcome literature, recovery rates for anxiety and depression in clinical samples following treatment are low, between 37% and 47%, suggesting similar outcomes can be expected within the police force using current therapy models. Further research into new or unused interventions is therefore needed to improve recovery rates within the police force. Method: This pilot study explored how a new type of psychotherapy, online Solution Focused Hypnotherapy (SFH), can support the wellbeing of police personnel and effectively treat symptoms of anxiety and depression. A quantitative design was used to measure changes in anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) symptom severity at pre- and post-intervention and measure changes in wellness using a rating scale (Life Wellness Indicator Tool) at the end of each session. Results: A total of 42 police personnel, both officers and staff, participated in the study and 20 qualified SFH therapists delivered the online intervention. The main finding was that 78% of police personnel who completed a course of SFH and started with clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and/or depression had recovered from their illness following the intervention (i.e. scored below 5 on at least one outcome measure). A total of 97.2% of participants achieved ‘wellness’ after the intervention, compared to 19% at pre-intervention and no participants experienced an increase in symptom scores after completing the intervention. Conclusion: Online Solution Focused Hypnotherapy (SFH) can support the wellbeing of both police officers and staff and effectively treat the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our findings suggest that SFH is an effective, well liked and safe intervention to use within the police force and provides support for more resources into a larger randomised controlled trial.
Development of fiber-reinforced polylactic acid filaments using untreated/silane-treated trichosanthes cucumerina fibers for additive manufacturing
Authors: Raghunathan Vijay , Ayyappan Vinod , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: January 2024

Multi-material additive manufacturing is gaining importance due to the enhancement of properties by utilizing different materials in a single additive process, especially in 3D printing. The prime motive is the need for eco-friendly materials, with the waste-to-wealth concept being the current global trend. Trichosanthes Cucumerina stem fiber, which is obtained from the discarded stem of Trichosanthes Cucumerina plant, is used in this work; the treatment of the Trichosanthes Cucumerina fibers was done using silane. Six filaments were developed with varying untreated/silane-treated Trichosanthes Cucumerina contents (3, 6, and 9%) compared with pure PLA filaments for 3D printing. Developed filaments were assessed for ultimate tensile strength, diameter variation, differential scanning calorimetry, water absorption, morphological and surface roughness. The test results elucidated that the 6% silane-treated Trichosanthes Cucumerina fiber-reinforced/PLA filament had the highest tensile strength of 63.5 MPa with better fiber distribution. The 3% silane-treated Trichosanthes Cucumerina fiber-reinforced/PLA filament had the least diameter deviation of 0.0015 mm. Based on the test data, the 6% silane-treated Trichosanthes Cucumerina fiber-reinforced/PLA filament can be utilized to prepare biodegradable components.
Multimodal imaging of congenital peri-papillary arterial loops presenting with vitreous hemorrage in a young male: A case report
Authors: Lassandro Nicola Vito , Maceroni Martina 
Published: January 2024

Introduction Congenital arterial peripapillary loops are rare entities and very few cases are described in literature. Case description A 25-year-old Asian man presented a diffuse vitreous hemorrhage in his Left Eye (LE). OCT-A revealed the presence of bilateral vascular loops at the optic nerve head. Fluorescein angiography (FA) confirmed the vascular abnormality in both eyes, with arterial filling in early phases and no dye leakage. At twenty days of follow up, the vitreous hemorrhage in the LE completely reabsorbed and BCVA improved from 20/63 to 20/20. Conclusion Congenital peripapillary loops should be considered in the differential diagnosis of vitreous hemorrhage, especially in young patients with no history of ocular/head trauma. Multimodal imaging is highly recommended to properly manage the patients, avoiding unnecessary therapeutic choices.