bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Transcavernous Transoculomotor Triangle Approach for Resection of an Invasive Pituitary Adenoma Extending Into the Parapeduncular Space Through the Cavernous Sinus
Authors: Honavalli Murali Sanjay , Nair Prakash , Hariharan Venkat Easwer 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
A subset of invasive pituitary adenomas invade not only the medial wall of the cavernous sinus but can progress superiorly through the cavernous sinus roof at the oculomotor triangle and reach the subarachnoid parapeduncular space. We describe a series of 2 of 3 cases where an endoscopic endonasal approach was used to reach the parapeduncular space through the oculomotor triangle for tumor decompression. Images of the third case are presented.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
Case 1: We present a 2-dimensional surgical video of a recurrent corticotroph adenoma post gamma knife radiotherapy which was invading the left cavernous sinus and extending into the left parapeduncular space. Histopathological examination revealed densely granulated corticotrophin adenoma. The patient had reduction in the serum cortisol level postoperatively and was induced into remission medically. Postoperative third nerve palsy recovered partially, and sixth nerve palsy recovered completely at the 3-month follow-up. Case 2: A case of recurrent silent corticotrophin adenoma invading the right parapeduncular space through the right cavernous sinus was operated through the same approach as case 1. Only a subtotal excision of the tumor in the cisternal space was possible. The patient developed a complete right third cranial palsy in the immediate postoperative period with near total recovery at the 6-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION:
Endoscopic endonasal approach to the parapeduncular space through a transcavernous transoculomotor route is reasonably safe and effective, as long as key anatomic landmarks and structures are identified and preserved while using natural tumor corridors to achieve tumor clearance.
Operation Dumbo Drop: To Airdrop or Not to Airdrop for Initial Coin Offering Success?
Authors: Li Jian , Wan Xiang (Shawn) , Cheng Hsing Kenneth , Zhao Xi 
Published: February 2024

Practice Abstract Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) have become a new and popular fundraising approach for blockchain start-ups. To motivate blockchain individuals to invest in the subsequent ICO, a growing number of blockchain-based project founders employ the airdrop campaign, through which they distribute a specific amount of free official tokens or promotional tokens to potential investors on the blockchain with or without their permission. Of paramount concern to the blockchain founders contemplating whether to launch an airdrop campaign are whether the airdrop campaign has a positive effect on the potential investors’ investment behaviors in their ICOs and how the efficacy of the airdrop may vary with investors. We find that the promotional airdrop significantly increases the potential investors’ ICO investment. We further find that the airdrop is more effective in increasing the investment for individuals with transacted projects dissimilar to the focal project than those with similar ones. By incorporating the insights from our study into their airdrop campaign strategy, blockchain start-ups can effectively target the right segment of potential investors to enhance the success of their ICOs.
Dual-band terahertz metamaterial sensor and its sensing capacity enhanced with a central-relief design
Authors: Guo Shijing , Li Chao , Wang Dong , Chen Wenya , Gao Song , Wu Guozheng , Xiong Jiaran 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a dual-band terahertz metamaterial sensor based on aluminum and silicon is proposed and simulated. The aluminum surface, which is deposited on a silicon substrate, is made of a C-shaped frame resonator, a rectangular beam, and a cross. The device is insensitive to the change of incident angle in the range of 0°–30°, which shows the great transmission stability of the sensor. By examining the resonance frequency shift, it is shown that 98.3 and 237.5 GHz/RIU refractive index sensitivity can be obtained near 1.76 and 2.404 THz transmission dips of the proposed structure, respectively. The two dips can be used to sense analytes in different refractive index ranges, respectively. For Dip 1 at 1.76 THz, the range is 1.0–1.6. For Dip 2 at 2.404 THz, the range is 1.6–2.0. Different from traditional multi-band metamaterial sensors, two dips generated by the proposed device can measure continuous and non-multiplexed refractive index ranges, respectively. Because the resonance frequencies of matters are different, such a characteristic enables the device to measure different types of analyte using the appropriate resonant peak. A central-relief design is then proposed based on perturbation theory to further improve its sensing performance. The aluminum cross is covered by polyimide, which can interfere with the scattering field on the metal surface and affect the transmission results. For both transmission dips, the optimized structure realizes higher sensitivities of 111.7 GHz/RIU and 262.5 GHz/RIU, respectively. More significantly, the optimized structure also has the characteristic of a wide and non-multiplexed refractive index range. In addition, the effects of analyte thickness and polyimide layer thickness on sensor performance are also discussed. The proposed structure opens up new prospects in the design of multiple-band terahertz metamaterial sensors. It can also meet the sensing needs of biomedical, environmental monitoring, and industrial manufacturing.
Repeatability of biometric measures from the IOLMaster 700 in a cataractous population
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Hoffmann Peter , Wendelstein Jascha , Cooke David 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the repeatability of biometric measures and also to assess the interactions between the uncertainties in these measures for use in an error propagation model, using data from a large patient cohort.

Methods
In this cross-sectional non-randomised study we evaluated a dataset containing 3379 IOLMaster 700 biometric measurements taken prior to cataract surgery. Only complete scans with at least 3 successful measurements for each eye performed on the same day were considered. The mean (Mean) and standard deviations (SD) for each sequence of measurements were derived and analysed. Correlations between the uncertainties were assessed using Spearman rank correlations.

Results
In the dataset with 677 eyes matching the inclusion criteria, the within subject standard deviation and repeatability for all parameters match previously published data. The SD of the axial length (AL) increased with the Mean AL, but there was no noticeable dependency of the SD of any of the other parameters on their corresponding Mean value. The SDs of the parameters are not independent of one another, and in particular we observe correlations between those for AL, anterior chamber depth, aqueous depth, lens thickness and corneal thickness.

Conclusions
The SD change over Mean for AL measurement and the correlations between the uncertainties of several biometric parameters mean that a simple Gaussian error propagation model cannot be used to derive the effect of biometric uncertainties on the predicted intraocular lens power and refraction after cataract surgery.
Skull Base Metastasis and Krukenberg Tumor in a Pregnant Woman: An Unusual Presentation of Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chellan Deepak , Senthamizhselvan Kuppusamy , Nair Ahalya , Mohan Pazhanivel , Ramkumar G. , Badhe Bhawana 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is an infrequent cause of vomiting during pregnancy. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation by patients, mistaking it for gestational symptoms. We report a 24-year-old pregnant woman with gastric cancer with skull base metastasis and Krukenberg tumor on initial diagnosis. She underwent medical termination of pregnancy and best supportive care before dying of her illness.
Concentration phenomena for a fractional relativistic Schrödinger equation with critical growth
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with the following fractional relativistic Schrödinger equation with critical growth:

(

−
Δ
+

m

2

)

s

u
+
V

(

ε
x

)

u
=
f

(

u

)

+

u

2

s

*

−
1

in

R

N

,

u
∈

H

s

(

R

N

)

,

u
>
0

in

R

N

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta +{m}^{2})}^{s}u+V\left(\varepsilon x)u=f\left(u)+{u}^{{2}_{s}^{* }-1}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\\ u\in {H}^{s}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}),\hspace{1.0em}u\gt 0& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\end{array}\right.

where

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

is a small parameter,

s
∈

(

0
,
1

)

s\in \left(0,1)

,

m
>
0

m\gt 0

,

N
>
2
s

N\gt 2s

,

2

s

*

=

2
N

N
−
2
s

{2}_{s}^{* }=\frac{2N}{N-2s}

is the fractional critical exponent,

(

−
Δ
+

m

2

)

s

{\left(-\Delta +{m}^{2})}^{s}

is the fractional relativistic Schrödinger operator,

V
:

R

N

→
R

V:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\to {\mathbb{R}}

is a continuous potential, and

f
:
R
→
R

f:{\mathbb{R}}\to {\mathbb{R}}

is a superlinear continuous nonlinearity with subcritical growth at infinity. Under suitable assumptions on the potential

V

V

, we construct a family of positive solutions

u

ε

∈

H

s

(

R

N

)

{u}_{\varepsilon }\in {H}^{s}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N})

, with exponential decay, which concentrates around a local minimum of

V

V

as

ε
→
0

\varepsilon \to 0

.
Modeling equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermophysical properties of liquid lubricants using semi-empirical approaches and neural network
Authors: Hosseini Sayed Mostafa , Zarei Taleb , Pierantozzi Mariano 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study explored the capability of semi-empirical and neural network approaches for correlating and predicting some equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermophysical properties of liquid lubricants. The equilibrium properties, including the densities and several thermodynamic coefficients for 12 liquid lubricants, were correlated and predicted through a perturbed hard-chain equation of state (PHC EoS) by an attractive term of Yukawa tail. The molecular parameters of PHC EoS were obtained by correlating them with 935 data points for the densities and isothermal compressibilities of studied systems in the 278–353 K range and pressure up to 70 MPa with the average absolute relative deviations (AARDs) of 0.36 % and 5.25 %, respectively. Then, that EoS was employed to predict the densities of other literature sources (with an AARD of 0.81 %) along with several thermodynamic coefficients, including isobaric expansivities (with an AARD of 12.92 %), thermal pressure coefficients (with the AARD of 12.93 %), and internal pressure (with the AARD of 13.67 %), for which the reference values were obtained from Tait-type equations and available in literature. Apart from the equilibrium mentioned above properties, the PHC EoS was combined with a rough hard-sphere-chain (RHSC) model to correlate and predict the 548 data points for the viscosities of 7 selected liquefied lubricants in 283–353 K range and pressures up to 100 MPa with the AARD of 11.85 %. The accuracy of the results from the RHSC-based model has also been compared with an empirical PηT equation of Tammann-Tait type and an artificial neural network (ANN), both of which were developed in this work. The ANN of one hidden layer and 13 neurons was trained using the back-propagation algorithm. The results acquired from this approach were very promising and demonstrated the potential of the ANN approach for predicting the viscosity of lubricants, reaching an AARD of 0.81 % for the entire dataset.
The role of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule in Down syndrome
Authors: Hergenreder Ty , Yang Tao , Ye Bing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the presence of an extra copy of the entire or a portion of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). This genomic alteration leads to elevated expression of numerous HSA21 genes, resulting in a variety of health issues in individuals with DS. Among the genes located in the DS “critical region” of HSA21, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) plays an important role in neuronal development. There is a growing body of evidence underscoring DSCAM’s involvement in various DS-related disorders. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the established functions of DSCAM, with a particular focus on its implications in DS. We delve into the roles that DSCAM plays in DS-associated diseases. In the concluding section of this review, we explore prospective avenues for future research to further unravel DSCAM’s role in DS and opportunities for therapeutic treatments.
Nebulization of low-dose aspirin ameliorates Huntington’s pathology in N171-82Q transgenic mice
Authors: Mondal Susanta , Prieto Shelby , Rangasamy Suresh B. , Dutta Debashis , Pahan Kalipada 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Huntington Disease (HD), a devastating hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene (Htt) on chromosome 4. Currently, there is no effective therapy for HD. Although aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, is one of the most widely-used analgesics throughout the world, it has some side effects. Even at low doses, oral aspirin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as heartburn, upset stomach, or pain. Therefore, to bypass the direct exposure of aspirin to stomach, here, we described a new mode of use of aspirin and demonstrated that nebulization of low-dose of aspirin (10 μg/mouse/d=0.4 mg/kg body wt/d roughly equivalent to 28 mg/adult human/d) alleviated HD pathology in N171-82Q transgenic mice. Our immunohistochemical and western blot studies showed that daily aspirin nebulization significantly reduced glial activation, inflammation and huntingtin pathology in striatum and cortex of N171-82Q mice. Aspirin nebulization also protected transgenic mice from brain volume shrinkage and improved general motor behaviors. Collectively, these results highlight that nebulization of low-dose aspirin may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of HD.
The role of intratumoral microorganisms in the progression and immunotherapeutic efficacy of head and neck cancer
Authors: Fang Xuzhe , Tong Weihong , Wu Sheng , Zhu Zhengyong , Zhu Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The effectiveness of cancer immunization is largely dependent on the tumor’s microenvironment, especially the tumor immune microenvironment. Emerging studies say microbes exist in tumor cells and immune cells, suggesting that these microbes can affect the state of the immune microenvironment of the tumor. Our comprehensive review navigates the intricate nexus between intratumoral microorganisms and their role in tumor biology and immune modulation. Beginning with an exploration of the historical acknowledgment of microorganisms within tumors, the article underscores the evolution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its subsequent implications. Using findings from recent studies, we delve into the unique bacterial compositions across different tumor types and their influence on tumor growth, DNA damage, and immune regulation. Furthermore, we illuminate the potential therapeutic implications of targeting these intratumoral microorganisms, emphasizing their multifaceted roles from drug delivery agents to immunotherapy enhancers. As advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology redefine our understanding of the tumor microbiome, the article underscores the importance of discerning their precise role in tumor progression and tailoring therapeutic interventions. The review culminates by emphasizing ongoing challenges and the pressing need for further research to harness the potential of intratumoral microorganisms in cancer care.
Investigating the impact of sodium (Na) dopant on the structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of LaPrSrMnO3 perovskite nanoflakes
Authors: Srinivasan Padmavathi , Sahadevan Jhelai , Sankaran Esakki Muthu , Kim Ikhyun , Arangarasan Viji , Paramasivam Sivaprakash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Here we report the structural, optical and magnetic properties of La0.4Pr0.25Na
x
Sr0.35−x
MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) synthesized using ball milling method. After milling, the precursors are calcinated at 1,200 °C for 12 h. The phase purity, crystal structure, lattice parameter, and crystallite size of the samples were determined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The peaks from XRD provide the perovskite hexagonal structure with an R

3
‾

$\overline{3}$

c space group. Surface morphology shows the recreation of spherical structure to nanoflakes/layered structures. The ultraviolet-visible diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) study indicates that the decrease in the band gap is observed with the increase of Na content. The intensity of the luminescence peak decreases progressively with the increase of Na doping. The room temperature (RT) magnetization of the samples reveals weak ferromagnetism and shows a novel vertical shift in magnetization at room temperature.
Studies of the Physical Structure of Cured Epoxy Resin Composite Modified with Silicon-Containing Additives
Authors: Savotchenko Sergey , Kovaleva Ekaterina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The possibility of regulating the structure and reducing its defectiveness opens great possibilities for controlling the properties of epoxy composite materials. This article reports the results of investigation by X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance methods and the microstructural changes that occur when silicon-containing additives such as polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS-5) and pyrogenic silica (HDK) are introduced into epoxy resin ED-20. The mechanism of formation of the structure of epoxy binder ED-20 with L-20 curing agent in the presence of complex additives is found. The modifying additive (PDMS-5 + HDK) is located in the epoxy binder because of the chemical interaction of functional polar groups and the developed surface. The additives increase the mobility of the reaction mixture and also facilitate and regulate the spatial orientation of macromolecules during polymerization. This contributes to the formation of a more regular and less defective spatial structure. The epoxy binder is a heterogeneous two-component system, one of which corresponds to a pseudo-crystalline region in which the movement of molecules is suppressed, and the second is found at lower volume fractions and is amorphous. The only maximum in the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the binder without additives is attributable to the distribution of molecular chains in the para-crystalline lattice. The addition of the HDK additive leads to ordering of the supramolecular structure, in which linear clusters consisting of 5–7 spheres appear. The average size of the spheres is from 8 to 26 nm. The addition of additives in the samples leads to the formation of a more regular and less defective spatial structure because of the interaction of functional polar groups and the surface, which regulate the spatial orientation of macromolecules during polymerization.
Algorithm vs clinical experience: controlled ovarian stimulations with follitropin delta and individualised doses of follitropin alpha/beta
Authors: Gazzo Irene , Bovis Francesca , Colia Denise , Sozzi Fausta , Costa Mauro , Anserini Paola , Massarotti Claudia 
Published: February 2024

In the registration trials, follitropin delta was compared with a fixed dose of 150 UI of follitropin alpha/beta, finding higher chances to reach a target response of 8–14 oocytes compared to controls. For this reason, follitropin delta is marketed as particularly useful in expected hyper-responder patients. The main outcome of this study is to report if comparable results are reached in a real-life scenario with follitropin alpha/beta doses chosen by the physician, based on patients’ characteristics. This is a retrospective study performed in two public fertility centres. All first cycles from January 2020 to June 2022 with either follitropin delta (cases) or alpha/beta (controls) in patients with anti-Müllerian hormone >2.5 ng/mL were compared by an inverse probability weighting approach based on propensity score. The follitropin total dose was higher in controls (1179.06 ± 344.93 vs 1668.67 ± 555.22 IU, P < 0.001). The target response of 8–14 oocytes was reached by 40.2% of cases and 40.7% of controls (odds ratio (OR): 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65–1.53, P = 0.98). Fewer than 8 oocytes were collected in 24.1% of cases and 22% of controls (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.71–1.69, P = 0.67); more than 14 oocytes in 35.7% of cases and 37.3% of controls (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.54–1.28, P = 0.40). Our experience did not find worse results in term of proportion of patients who reached the target response with an algorithm-chosen dose of follitropin delta compared to a personalised starting dose of follitropin alpha/beta, with follitropin delta having the advantage of objectivity. However, larger numbers are needed to confirm these results.

Lay summary
The starting dose of the drugs used to stimulate the ovaries in IVF (gonadotropins) is usually decided by the doctor, using their clinical experience and expertise and tailored to the individual patient. Recently one type of stimulating drug (follitropin delta) was marketed with an algorithm for deciding the starting dose based on the patient’s anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and weight. In the initial trials, it was compared with a fixed dose of standard follitropins (alpha/beta), and it was found to reduce the likelihood of an excessive response in patients at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We report on these results, in terms of number of eggs obtained, in patients with an expected high ovarian response, compared to doses of standard follitropins that were not fixed, but personalised, to see if this did not make a difference. We found similar results in the two groups, suggesting that using the algorithm to decide the dose of follitropin delta does not work less well than a personalised starting dose of follitropin alpha/beta, but has the advantage of being objective.