bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The LINC complex in blood vessels: from physiology to pathological implications in arterioles
Authors: Ferreira Gonzalo , Cardozo Romina , Chavarria Luisina , Santander Axel , Sobrevia Luis , Chang Wakam , Gundersen Gregg , Nicolson Garth L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex is a critical component of the cellular architecture that bridges the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton and mediates mechanotransduction to and from the nucleus. Though it plays important roles in all blood vessels, it is in arterioles that this complex plays a pivotal role in maintaining endothelial cell integrity, regulating vascular tone, forming new microvessels and modulating responses to mechanical and biochemical stimuli. It is also important in vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, where it possibly plays a role in the contractile to secretory phenotypic transformation during atherosclerosis and vascular ageing, and in fibroblasts' migration and inflammatory responses in the adventitia. Physiologically, the LINC complex contributes to the stability of arteriolar structure, adaptations to changes in blood flow and injury repair mechanisms. Pathologically, dysregulation or mutations in LINC complex components can lead to compromised endothelial function, vascular remodelling and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (arteriolosclerosis). This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles of the LINC complex in cells from arterioles, highlighting its most important physiological functions, exploring its implications for vascular pathology and emphasizing some of its functional characteristics in endothelial cells. By elucidating the LINC complex's role in health and disease, we aim to provide insights that could improve future therapeutic strategies targeting LINC complex‐related vascular disorders.
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Physiological mechanisms of neuromuscular impairment in diabetes‐related complications: Can physical exercise help prevent it?
Authors: Lecce Edoardo , Bellini Alessio , Greco Giuseppe , Martire Fiorella , Scotto di Palumbo Alessandro , Sacchetti Massimo , Bazzucchi Ilenia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that progressively induces complications, compromising daily independence. Among these, diabetic neuropathy is particularly prevalent and contributes to substantial neuromuscular impairments in both types 1 and 2 diabetes. This condition leads to structural damage affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in a significant decline in sensorimotor functions. Alongside neuropathy, diabetic myopathy also contributes to muscle impairment and reduced motor performance, intensifying the neuromuscular decline. Diabetic neuropathy typically implicates neurogenic muscle atrophy, motoneuron loss and clustering of muscle fibres as a result of aberrant denervation‐reinervation processes. These complications are associated with compromised neuromuscular junctions, where alterations occur in pre‐synaptic vesicles, mitochondrial content and post‐synaptic signalling. Neural damage is intensified by chronic hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress, exacerbating vascular dysfunction and reducing oxygen delivery. These complications imply a severe decline in neuromuscular performance, evidenced by reductions in maximal force and power output, rate of force development and muscle endurance. Furthermore, diabetes‐related complications are compounded by age‐related degenerative changes in long‐term patients. Aerobic and resistance training offer promising approaches for managing blood glucose levels and neuromuscular function. Aerobic exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis, supporting metabolic and cardiovascular health. Resistance training primarily enhances neural plasticity, muscle strength and hypertrophy, which are crucial factors for mitigating sarcopenia and preserving functional independence. This topical review examines current evidence on the physiological mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy and the potential impact of physical activity in counteracting this decline.
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Tribological Evaluation of Coatings in Fuel Environments
Authors: Macknojia Ali , Dockins Maddox , Ayyagari Aditya , Montoya Vanessa , Rodriguez James , Cairns Euan , Murthy Nikhil , Berkebile Stephen , Voevodin Andrey , Aouadi Samir , Berman Diana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To enhance the durability and reliability of high-pressure fuel system components operating with low-viscosity fuels, an analysis of the tribological performance of potential coating material candidates was conducted. This study focuses on evaluating the friction and wear characteristics of various coatings widely used by industry for surface protection, including carbides, nitrides, diamond-like carbon (DLC), and solid lubricants, under accelerated reciprocating ball on flat conditions intended to provide information on longer-term operation in fuel pumps. The tribological performance of these coatings in fuels of varying chemistry and viscosity, including ethanol, decane, dodecane, and aviation fuel (F-24), was compared to the mechanical properties of materials, such as hardness and elastic modulus. Results indicate that carbides show the lowest friction and wear values across different fuel environments. CrN-based coatings demonstrate a decrease in friction and wear in comparison to other nitrides. This comprehensive investigation lays the groundwork for informed design decisions in developing high-performance coatings tailored to withstand the challenges of low-viscosity fuel environments.
On the Effect of Grading Elastic Modulus in Frictional Line Contacts
Authors: Ciavarella Michele , Willert Emanuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the effect of elastic material grading close to the surface in line contacts with friction on internal stresses, particularly to quantify the reduction of tensile principal stresses due to grading. We observe that for the classical indentation by a parabolic indenter and power-law material grading, tensile stresses are reduced, but both dilatational and deviatoric strain energy are increased, which points to a possible decrease of strength at the surface. We then move to the more realistic case of exponential grading, for a sinusoidal form of pressure and shear traction, which is taken as representative of a wide class of contact conditions. We observe that tensile stresses can be removed completely if friction is not too high and Poisson's ratio is not too low, but anyway, the effect is likely to be sufficiently strong to remove surface cracks. Dilatational strain energy is also decreased for this type of functional elastic grading, while deviatoric strain energy is not increased much at the surface. We thus confirm in a more general way than previously known the possible advantages of using functional elastic grading to increase resistance to contact loading and provide a general set of results to quantify this for engineering purposes.
Investigating the Influence of Perceived Teaching and Environmental Appraisals on Emotions and Perceived Marginality of Physical Educators
Authors: Simonton Kelly L. , Gaudreault Karen L. , Olive Caitlin , Vasquez Martin , Fullerton Sean 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: As part of a larger project, the purpose of this study was to investigate teacher appraisals about their teaching and environment and its influence on their emotions and perceived marginality. Method: Physical educators (N = 30; n = 17 females; n = 13 males) participated in an interview grounded in Ecological Dynamics System Theory. Results: Data revealed four themes: (a) students elicit polarizing emotional responses, (b) administrators significantly influence teacher emotion and perceived marginality, (c) advocacy efforts can mitigate anger and anxiety, and (d) high-quality physical education teacher education and discipline specific professional development can enhance positive emotions. Teacher appraisals of their ability and school status influence how they feel and the degree of influence marginality has on them. Discussion/Conclusion: An interconnection exists between teacher emotions and how one may overcome marginality. Suggestions are provided for how appraisals can support future training and professional development.
Double carbapenemases in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
blood isolates: dissemination in a single medical center via multiple plasmids and a variety of highly efficient clones
Authors: Rigatou Anastasia , Afolayan Ayorinde O. , Tatsi Elizabeth-Barbara , Deliolanis Ioannis , Michos Athanasios , Reuter Sandra , Daikos George L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Acquisition of multiple carbapenemase genes by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(Kp) is an emerging public health threat. Here, we aim to elucidate the population structure of Kp blood isolates carrying two different carbapenemase genes and identify the mechanism facilitating their dissemination. The study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare center between 2014 and 2022. Twenty-four patients with bacteremia caused by Kp carrying two different carbapenemase genes were identified. All 24 blood isolates were analyzed by short-read genome sequences supplemented by long reads in a selected number of isolates. All isolates carried
bla
KPC
(23
bla
KPC-2
, 1
bla
KPC-3
) and
bla
VIM-1
genes, along with a variety of antimicrobial resistance determinants. The isolates were clustered in six clonal lineages (ST39, ST147, ST323, ST258, ST3035, and ST340). Long-read genome sequences demonstrated that each carbapenemase gene was located in a separate group of plasmids: the
bla
KPC-2
on a fusion of IncFIB(pQil) and IncFII(K) plasmids, the
bla
KPC-3
on IncX3, the
bla
VIM-1
on IncC, or a fusion of the IncFIB(pNDM-Mar) and IncHI1B(pNDM-MAR) plasmids. Comparison of plasmid content of eight isolates carrying a single carbapenemase gene from a previous study with eight isolates carrying two carbapenemase genes from the present study, matched by clonal lineages, revealed that the second carbapenemase gene was acquired by addition of another plasmid. Identical plasmids were found within the same lineage and across lineages. These findings suggest that dissemination of carbapenemase genes in our hospital setting was driven by multiple plasmids across a variety of highly efficient clones.
HSV-1 virions and related particles: biogenesis and implications in the infection
Authors: Kalamvoki Maria 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Virion formation and egress are sophisticated processes that rely on the spatial and temporal organization of host cell membranes and the manipulation of host machineries involved in protein sorting, membrane bending, fusion, and fission. These processes result in the formation of infectious virions, defective particles, and various vesicle-like structures. In herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections, virions and capsid-less particles, known as light (L)-particles, are formed. HSV-1 infection also stimulates the release of particles that resemble extracellular vesicles (EVs). In productively infected cells, most EVs are generated through the CD63 tetraspanin biogenesis pathway and lack viral components. A smaller subset of EVs, generated through the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, contains both viral and host factors. Viral mechanisms tightly regulate EV biogenesis, including the inhibition of autophagy—a process critical for increased production of CD63+ EVs during HSV-1 infection. Mutant viruses that fail to suppress autophagy instead promote microvesicle production from the plasma membrane. Additionally, the viral protein ICP0 (Infected Cell Protein 0) enhances EV biogenesis during HSV-1 infection. The different types of particles can be separated by density gradients due to their distinct biophysical properties. L-particles and ESCRT+ EVs display a pro-viral role, supporting viral replication, whereas CD63+ EVs exhibit antiviral effects. Overall, these studies highlight that HSV-1 infection yields numerous and diverse particles, with their type and composition shaped by the ability of the virus to evade host responses. These particles likely shape the infectious microenvironment and determine disease outcomes.
Draft genome for the horse hair fungus,
Marasmius crinis-equi
, isolated from cacao in Ghana
Authors: Cohen Stephen P. , Kakati Indrani , Amoako-Attah Ishmael , Bukari Yahaya , Bailey Bryan A. , Meinhardt Lyndel W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Marasmius crinis-equi
, known as the horse hair fungus, is a litter-decomposing fungus that is opportunistically pathogenic on various plants. We sequenced the genome of
M. crinis-equi
strain GH-76 isolated from thread blight disease-infected cacao leaves in Ghana. The genome is 72.8 Mbp in size and 91.2% complete via benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO).
Ultra-high temperatures recorded in parental magmas from hybrid zones
Authors: Rodríguez Carmen , Pereira Manuel Francisco , Martí Joan , Bach Núria , Scahmuells Noah 
Published: February 2025

Hybrid zones commonly occur at the contact between different magmatic facies of the same batholith and/or in contact with the host rock. Fine-grained textures recorded in hybrid zones respond to quenching processes. The compositions of these fine-grained rocks are intermediate and are very close to the silica gap, typically found in calc-alkaline systems. Here, we use examples from the Axial Pyrenean Zone to distinguish types of hybrid zones and examine the potential interest in studying them.
This study presents new whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data (whole-rock), and geochronological data from magmatic rocks of two plutonic complexes of the Axial Pyrenean Zone (NE Spain). Pennsylvanian calc-alkaline coarse- to fine-grained mafic-intermediate plutonic rocks, including sanukitoid series, intruded the Axial Pyrenean Zone host rocks at ca. 305.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Lys-Caillaouas gabbro), 304 ± 1.7 Ma, and 301.6 ± 1.2 Ma (La Maladeta diorite and granodiorite, respectively). Also, we reviewed the geochemical data of calc-alkaline magmatic rocks from the Pyrenees to compare them with magmas from the sanukitoid and Andean series, which allowed us to consider that they represent a mix between the two series. Petrographic and geochemical results also support that parental magmas were quenched at these hybrid zones. Near-liquidus experiments testing the parental magma composition recorded in hybrid zones shed light on the ultra-high temperatures exceeding 1000 °C for these magmas to arrive at crustal levels at near-liquidus conditions and account for the need for mantle input to generate these calc-alkaline magmas.
Evaluation of oral cholera vaccine (Euvichol-Plus) effectiveness againstVibrio choleraein Bangladesh: an interim analysis
Authors: Khanam Farhana , Islam Md. Taufiqul , Ahmmed Faisal , Rajib Md Nazmul Hasan , Hossen Md Ismail , Chowdhury Fahima , Khan Ashraful Islam , Bhuiyan Md. Taufiqur Rahman , Haque Shahinur , Biswas Prasanta Kumar , Bhuiyan Amirul Islam , Khan Zahid Hasan , Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Aninda , Rizvi S M Shahriar , Shirin Tahmina , Islam Md Nazmul , Tiffany Amanda , Breakwell Lucy , Qadri Firdausi , Clemens John D 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionMillions of Euvichol-Plus doses have been deployed from the global oral cholera vaccine stockpile in over 20 cholera-affected countries. However, information on Euvichol-Plus’s effectiveness is limited. Using this vaccine in a cholera epidemic in Dhaka, Bangladesh, provided the opportunity to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a test-negative design.MethodsA two-dose regimen of Euvichol-Plus was administered to individuals aged >1 year in a population of ca. 900 000 in two campaign rounds between June and August 2022, with prospective registration of all persons who received at least one dose. We conducted systematic surveillance in two key facilities, enrolling patients with acute watery diarrhoea who were eligible for vaccination from the campaign’s start and who presented for care between 21 August 2022 and 20 August 2023. Faecal culture-positive cholera cases were matched to up to four faecal culture-negative controls by age, presentation date and facility. Vaccination status was documented without knowledge of culture results. Conditional logistic regression models estimated the OR for the vaccination-cholera association, and the VE of the two-dose regimen was calculated as [(1−OR) × 100].ResultsThe analysis included 226 cases and 552 matched controls. The adjusted VE of two doses of the Euvichol-Plus vaccine against medically attended cholera was 66% (99.5% CI: 30 to 83) for all recipients. Limited protection (12%; 95% CI: −95 to 60) was observed for children aged 1–4 years; whereas, protection was 79% (95% CI: 60 to 89) for those aged ≥5 years. VE against cholera with moderate to severe dehydration was 69% (95% CI: 44 to 83) overall but 6% (95% CI: −206 to 71) for children aged 1–4 years.ConclusionEuvichol-Plus provided significant protection against medically attended cholera of any severity as well as cholera with moderate to severe dehydration. However, significant levels of protection were only observed for those aged ≥5 years.
Risk factors associated with human Mpox infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ugwu Chigozie Louisa Jane , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Wu Jianhong , Kong Jude Dzevela , Asgary Ali , Orbinski James , Woldegerima Woldegebriel Assefa 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundMpox emerged as a significant global public health concern during the 2022–2023 outbreak, impacting populations in both endemic and non-endemic countries. This study reviews and synthesises evidence on the risk factors associated with human Mpox transmission across these regions.MethodsA systematic search of peer-reviewed original studies was conducted across Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed databases, covering publications up to 31 March 2024. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Two authors independently screened the articles by title, abstract and full text. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale used to assess the risk of bias for included articles. Fixed- or random-effects meta-analysis was conducted when at least two studies reported ORs or relative risks, with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using theI2statistic. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID:CRD42023459895).ResultsThe systematic review identified 947 articles through database searches, of which 31 met our inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed significant risk factors associated with Mpox infection. Interaction with infected animals (OR=5.61, 95% CI 2.83, 11.13), HIV infection (OR=4.46, 95% CI 3.27, 6.08), other sexually transmitted infections (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.42, 2.19), unprotected sexual activities (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.13, 2.07), contact with an infected person (OR=2.39, 95% CI 1.87, 3.05), identification as men who have sex with men (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.88, 2.51) and having multiple sexual partners (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.24, 2.09) were associated with increased Mpox infection risk. Conversely, smallpox vaccination was associated with a significantly reduced risk of Mpox infection (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.11, 0.55).ConclusionIdentification of risk factors associated with Mpox provides insights for strategic public health planning, enabling targeted interventions for high-risk groups and optimising resource allocation to strengthen Mpox control efforts.
Association between poor oral health and deterioration of appetite in older age: results from longitudinal analyses of two prospective cohorts from the UK and USA
Authors: Ganbavale Suruchi G , Cai Ziyi , Mathers John C , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy , Whincup Peter H , Weyant Robert , Wannamethee S Goya , Ramsay Sheena E 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study investigated the association of poor oral health with appetite loss and deterioration in appetite longitudinally in older adults.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal observational study.SettingData came from two population-based cohorts of older adults from the UK and USA.ParticipantsThe British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) included men (n=1348, age=79–87 years in 2016–2017 at baseline and 81–89 years in 2018–2019 at follow-up). The US Health, Aging and Body Composition (HABC) Study included men and women (n=2998, age=71–77 years in 1998–1999 at baseline and 73–79 years in 2000–2001 at follow-up). Objective and self-reported oral health measures were collected.Outcome measuresLoss of appetite, at baseline and 2-year follow-up, was based on the Simplified Nutrition Assessment Questionnaire in the BRHS and self-reported appetite loss in the HABC Study. In the BRHS, changes in oral health over time were also assessed. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural and health-related factors.ResultsCross-sectionally, poor self-rated oral health, dry mouth, eating or chewing difficulty, food avoidance and cumulative oral health problems were associated with appetite loss in both studies. Longitudinally, in the BRHS, dry mouth (OR=2.12 (95% CI=1.40 to 3.20)), eating or chewing difficulty (OR=1.59 (95% CI=1.02 to 2.48)), food avoidance (OR=1.75 (95% CI=1.16 to 2.65)) and cumulative oral health problems (OR=2.84 (95% CI=1.80 to 4.50)) at baseline were associated with sustained poor/deterioration in appetite over the follow-up, after full adjustment. In the HABC Study, self-rated oral health ((OR=1.13 (95% CI=1.01 to 1.27)), tooth loss (OR=1.78 (95% CI=1.15 to 2.76)), dry mouth (OR=1.76 (95% CI=1.02 to 3.03)), eating or chewing difficulty (OR=1.88 (95% CI=1.41 to 2.50)) and cumulative oral health problems (OR=1.89 (95% CI=1.33 to 2.70)) at baseline were associated with sustained poor/deterioration in appetite during follow-up. In the BRHS, sustained poor/deterioration in oral health markers (self-rated oral health, dry mouth, eating or chewing difficulty, food avoidance, loose denture/s) over the follow-up were associated with sustained poor/deterioration of appetite.ConclusionOral health is a potentially important contributor to maintaining good appetite in older age.
How do doctors manage physical activity advocacy for patients and their own self-care? A qualitative interview study of general practitioners in Ireland
Authors: Baky Ibak , Bourke Alison , Byrne Conor , MacDonagh Joe , Clifford Amanda , Niranjan Vikram , O'Regan Andrew 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThis study explored general practitioners’ (GPs) understanding of physical activity advocacy to patients and their own self-care, how GPs perceive their own physical activity behaviours, how their personal experience of physical activity affects how they promote it in practice and how they define the limitations of their role in this.DesignA qualitative design, involving online semi-structured interviews, was employed. Data was analysed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers using an inductive thematic approach.Setting and participantsParticipants were GPs (n=21) and were recruited from an education and research network.FindingsA single meta-theme was identified—moving towards more physically active lifestyles through the art of medicine—with three related subthemes. Subthemes relate to how GPs determine the extent of their role and responsibilities, how physical activity promotion is adapted to the context and how ‘what I’ say is not necessarily ‘what I do’. After many consultations, mutual trust can develop when the GP’s role is clarified, and the GP can educate and support the initiation and maintenance of physical activity behavioural change by sharing personal experiences of physical activity behaviour.ConclusionBased on personal experience and enduring relationships with their patients, GPs are in a unique position to discuss appropriate physical activity with their patients and perform an important role in explaining and gaining access to physical activity for their patients. Support in the form of community-based resources and programmes as well as brief intervention skills could enhance GP ability to further promote physical activity.