bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Upper‐Arm‐Geared Exoskeleton with Anatomical Digital Twin for Tangible Metaverse Feedback and Communication
Authors: Ha Minhyeok , Lee Jihun , Cho Yongbeom , Lee Minwoo , Baek Hyunwoo , Lee Jungmin , Seo Jongmin , Chun Sejoon , Kim Kisoo , Kim Jin‐Gyun , Lee Won Gu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe pandemic coincided with rapid advancements in virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) in healthcare. The idea of virtually replicating the real world and its associated experiences has garnered significant attention under the newly coined term “metaverse.” The metaverse serves as a communication platform that integrates physical and virtual experiences. However, the lack of physical interaction between users and virtual environments remains an obstacle. This study introduces a hybrid upper‐arm‐geared exoskeleton system that combines an anatomical digital‐twin model with tangible VR torque feedback and an MR remote healthcare monitoring in a musculoskeletal interface device format. The device employs a dual epicyclic geared motor actuator capable of exerting torque feedback. It derived torque profiles that simulate physical interactions with hysteretic damping in the virtual environment. An anatomical digital twin model is also incorporated into the fabricated device in an MR format and assessed the device's performance using electromyogram and thermographic sensors. In addition, it evaluated haptic fidelity and versatility as an immersive metaverse wearable and performed support vector machine‐based analysis for motion feature classification. It believes this approach has the potential to be highly beneficial for providing tangible metaverse feedback and communication combined with a human‐informed digital‐twin model for remote healthcare monitoring in the postpandemic era.
Machine Learning Designed and Experimentally Confirmed Enhanced Reflectance in Aperiodic Multilayer Structures
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Prabudhya , Khot Krutarth , Song Jiawei , He Zihao , Kortge David , Han Zherui , Bermel Peter , Wang Haiyan , Ruan Xiulin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) methods have gained widespread attention in optimizing nanostructures for target transport properties and discovering unexpected physics. Here, an ML method is developed to discover and experimentally confirm binary CeO2‐MgO aperiodic multilayers (AMLs) for thermal barrier coatings with significantly enhanced reflectance. The effect of varying AML design parameters like total thickness, average period, and randomness in layer thicknesses, on the spectral and total reflectance is demonstrated. Introducing aperiodicity in layer thicknesses is shown to lead to a broadband increase in spectral reflectance due to photon localization. Since the number of possible AML structures increases exponentially with total thickness, a Genetic Algorithm optimizer is developed to efficiently discover AMLs with enhanced reflectance, for total thicknesses of 5–50 µm. Surprisingly, all the optimized structures show an odd number of layers with a CeO2 layer at both ends, deviating from the traditional way of designing binary superlattices with paired layers. The optimized AML and a reference periodic superlattice of 5 µm thickness are fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition and characterized by optical reflectance measurements. The fabricated AML, despite considerable fabrication uncertainty, still enhances the reflectance to 48% from 40% of the reference superlattice, validating the effectiveness of our ML‐based optimization process.
Colorful Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics with Record Key Parameters by Optimizing Photon Utilization and Fabry‐Pérot Resonator Electrode
Authors: Xu Chunyu , Zhao Zijin , Kan Lixuan , Tao Sheng , Ma Xiaoling , Zhu Xixiang , Wang Kai , Zhang Jian , Li Junming , Zhang Fujun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDonor PM6 and acceptor L8‐BO are employed to build semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs). Opaque OPVs are fabricated by tuning the spin‐coating speed of PM6:L8‐BO solution to optimize the photon utilization by balancing photon harvesting and photogenerated carrier collection. The optimal opaque OPVs exhibit relatively high fill‐factor (FF) of 77.58% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.07%, the average visible transmittance (AVT) of corresponding PM6:L8‐BO films arrives to 53.25%, indicating great potential in realizing efficient ST‐OPVs. ST‐OPVs are built with 1 nm Au/(10, 15, 20, 25 nm) Ag as cathode, exhibiting the PCE/AVT of 11.53%/22.57%, 13.20%/14.24%, 14.28%/9.34%, and 14.71%/6.77%, respectively. Colorful ST‐OPVs are achieved by coupling different Ag/LiF/Ag Fabry‐Pérot (F‐P) resonator microcavity. Green ST‐OPVs with varied color coordinates are achieved by fixing LiF layer thickness as 110 nm and varying Ag layers′ thickness, originating from the adjusted transmittance spectra of green ST‐OPVs. Upon fixing Ag layers′ thickness as 15/25 nm and varying LiF layer thickness as 90, 110, and 145 nm, ST‐OPVs present colors of blue, green, and red with corresponding transmittance peak at 474, 553, and 657 nm. The corresponding PCE/peak transmittance (Tpeak) values arrive to 13.80%/37.8%, 13.31%/28.4%, and 13.20%/27.7%, which should be the best performance among reported colorful ST‐OPVs.
Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans‐2,4‐Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega‐6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease
Authors: Qian Xin , Klatt Stephan , Bennewitz Katrin , Wohlfart David Philipp , Lou Bowen , Meng Ye , Buettner Michael , Poschet Gernot , Morgenstern Jakob , Fleming Thomas , Sticht Carsten , Hausser Ingrid , Fleming Ingrid , Szendroedi Julia , Nawroth Peter Paul , Kroll Jens 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOmega‐6 fatty acids are the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids in most Western diets, while their role in diabetes remains controversial. Exposure of omega‐6 fatty acids to an oxidative environment results in the generation of a highly reactive carbonyl species known as trans, trans‐2,4‐decadienal (tt‐DDE). The timely and efficient detoxification of this metabolite, which has actions comparable to other reactive carbonyl species, such as 4‐hydroxynonenal, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal, is essential for disease prevention. However, the detoxification mechanism for tt‐DDE remains elusive. In this study, the enzyme Aldh9a1b is identified as having a key role in the detoxification of tt‐DDE. Loss of Aldh9a1b increased tt‐DDE levels and resulted in an abnormal retinal vasculature and glucose intolerance in aldh9a1b−/− zebrafish. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that tt‐DDE and aldh9a1b deficiency in larval and adult zebrafish induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in hyaloid vasculature is induced by aldh9a1b knockout or by tt‐DDE treatment can be rescued by the insulin receptor sensitizers metformin and rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that tt‐DDE is the substrate of Aldh9a1b which causes microvascular damage and impaired glucose metabolism through insulin resistance.
Reinforcement Learning‐Guided Long‐Timescale Simulation of Hydrogen Transport in Metals
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Boning , Song Yixuan , Liu Mengren , Xu Haowei , Wang Guoqing , Chung Heejung , Li Ju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiffusion in alloys is an important class of atomic processes. However, atomistic simulations of diffusion in chemically complex solids are confronted with the timescale problem: the accessible simulation time is usually far shorter than that of experimental interest. In this work, long‐timescale simulation methods are developed using reinforcement learning (RL) that extends simulation capability to match the duration of experimental interest. Two special limits, RL transition kinetics simulator (TKS) and RL low‐energy states sampler (LSS), are implemented and explained in detail, while the meaning of general RL are also discussed. As a testbed, hydrogen diffusivity is computed using RL TKS in pure metals and a medium entropy alloy, CrCoNi, and compared with experiments. The algorithm can produce counter‐intuitive hydrogen‐vacancy cooperative motion. We also demonstrate that RL LSS can accelerate the sampling of low‐energy configurations compared to the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, using hydrogen migration to copper (111) surface as an example.
Identifying Stable Electrocatalysts Initialized by Data Mining: Sb2WO6 for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Jia Xue , Yu Zixun , Liu Fangzhou , Liu Heng , Zhang Di , Campos dos Santos Egon , Zheng Hao , Hashimoto Yusuke , Chen Yuan , Wei Li , Li Hao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractData mining from computational materials database has become a popular strategy to identify unexplored catalysts. Herein, the opportunities and challenges of this strategy are analyzed by investigating a discrepancy between data mining and experiments in identifying low‐cost metal oxide (MO) electrocatalysts. Based on a search engine capable of identifying stable MOs at the pH and potentials of interest, a series of MO electrocatalysts is identified as potential candidates for various reactions. Sb2WO6 attracted the attention among the identified stable MOs in acid. Based on the aqueous stability diagram, Sb2WO6 is stable under oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media but rather unstable under high‐pH ORR conditions. However, this contradicts to the subsequent experimental observation in alkaline ORR conditions. Based on the post‐catalysis characterizations, surface state analysis, and an advanced pH‐field coupled microkinetic modeling, it is found that the Sb2WO6 surface will undergo electrochemical passivation under ORR potentials and form a stable and 4e‐ORR active surface. The results presented here suggest that though data mining is promising for exploring electrocatalysts, a refined strategy needs to be further developed by considering the electrochemistry‐induced surface stability and activity.
Regeneration of Thyroid Glands in the Spleen Restores Homeostasis in Thyroidectomy Mice
Authors: Tian Xue‐Jiao , Yin Zhi‐Jie , Li Zhen‐Jiang , Wang Zhen‐Zhen , Xing Zhen , Liu Chun‐Yan , Wang Lin‐Tao , Wang Chun‐Ming , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Dong Lei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSurgical removal of the thyroid gland (TG) for treating thyroid disorders leaves the patients on lifelong hormone replacement that partially compensates the physiological needs, but regenerating TG is challenging. Here, an approach is reported to regenerate TG within the spleen for fully restoring the thyroid's functions in mice, by transplanting thyroid tissue blocks to the spleen. Within 48 h, the transplanted tissue efficiently revascularizes, forming thyroid follicles similar to the native gland after 4 weeks. Structurally, the ectopically generated thyroid integrates with the surrounding splenic tissue while maintaining its integrity, separate from the lymphatic tissue. Functionally, it fully restores the native functions of the TG in hormone regulation in response to physiological stimuli, outperforming the established method of oral levothyroxine therapy in maintaining systemic homeostasis. The study demonstrates the full restoration of thyroid functions post‐thyroidectomy by intrasplenic TG regeneration, providing fresh insights for designing novel therapies for thyroid‐related disorders.
Nanoenabled Intracellular Metal Ion Homeostasis Regulation for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Xu Lihua , Peng Mingzheng , Gao Tingting , Wang Dandan , Lian Xiaowu , Sun Huihui , Shi Jinjin , Wang Yafeng , Wang Pengju 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEndogenous essential metal ions play an important role in many life processes, especially in tumor development and immune response. The approval of various metallodrugs for tumor therapy brings more attention to the antitumor effect of metal ions. With the deepening understanding of the regulation mechanisms of metal ion homeostasis in vivo, breaking intracellular metal ion homeostasis becomes a new means to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and activate antitumor immune response. Diverse nanomedicines with the loading of small molecular ion regulators or metal ions have been developed to disrupt metal ion homeostasis in tumor cells, with higher safety and efficiency than free small molecular ion regulators or metal compounds. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest progress of various intracellular metal ion homeostasis regulation‐based nanomedicines in tumor therapy including calcium ion (Ca2+), ferrous ion (Fe2+), cuprous ion (Cu+), managanese ion (Mn2+), and zinc ion (Zn2+). The physiological functions and homeostasis regulation processes of ions are summarized to guide the design of metal ion regulation‐based nanomedicines. Then the antitumor mechanisms of various ions‐based nanomedicines and some efficient synergistic therapies are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future developments of ion regulation‐based antitumor therapy are also discussed, hoping to provide a reference for finding more effective metal ions and synergistic therapies.
Three Birds, One Stone: An Osteo‐Microenvironment Stage‐Regulative Scaffold for Bone Defect Repair through Modulating Early Osteo‐Immunomodulation, Middle Neovascularization, and Later Osteogenesis
Authors: Yuan Yuhao , Xu Yan , Mao Yiyang , Liu Hongbin , Ou Minning , Lin Zhangyuan , Zhao Ruibo , Long Haitao , Cheng Liang , Sun Buhua , Zhao Shushan , Zeng Ming , Lu Bangbao , Lu Hongbin , Zhu Yong , Chen Can 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to repair critical‐sized bone defects, various polylactic acid‐glycolic acid (PLGA)‐based hybrid scaffolds are successfully developed as bone substitutes. However, the byproducts of these PLGA‐based scaffolds are known to acidify the implanted site, inducing tiresome acidic inflammation. Moreover, these degradation productions cannot offer an osteo‐friendly microenvironment at the implanted site, matching natural bone healing. Herein, inspired by bone microenvironment atlas of natural bone‐healing process, an osteo‐microenvironment stage‐regulative scaffold (P80/D10/M10) is fabricated by incorporating self‐developed decellularized bone matrix microparticles (DBM‐MPs) and multifunctional magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (MH‐NPs) into PLGA with an optimized proportion using low‐temperature rapid prototyping (LT‐RP) 3D‐printing technology. The cell experiments show that this P80/D10/M10 exhibits excellent properties in mechanics, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, meanwhile superior stimulations in osteo‐immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Additionally, the animal experiments determined that this P80/D10/M10 can offer an osteo‐friendly microenvironment in a stage‐matched pattern for enhanced bone regeneration, namely, optimization of early inflammation, middle neovascularization, and later bone formation. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that the in vivo performance of P80/D10/M10 on bone defect repair is mostly attributed to regulating artery development, bone development, and bone remodeling. Overall, this study reveals that the osteo‐microenvironment stage‐regulative scaffold provides a promising treatment for bone defect repair.
Additively Manufactured Zn‐2Mg Alloy Porous Scaffolds with Customizable Biodegradable Performance and Enhanced Osteogenic Ability
Authors: Wang Xuan , Liu Aobo , Zhang Zhenbao , Hao Dazhong , Liang Yijie , Dai Jiabao , Jin Xiang , Deng Huanze , Zhao Yantao , Wen Peng , Li Yanfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe combination of bioactive Zn‐2Mg alloy and additively manufactured porous scaffold is expected to achieve customizable biodegradable performance and enhanced bone regeneration. Herein, Zn‐2Mg alloy scaffolds with different porosities, including 40% (G‐40‐2), 60% (G‐60‐2), and 80% (G‐80‐2), and different unit sizes, including 1.5 mm (G‐60‐1.5), 2 mm (G‐60‐2), and 2.5 mm (G‐60‐2.5), are manufactured by a triply periodic minimal surface design and a reliable laser powder bed fusion process. With the same unit size, compressive strength (CS) and elastic modulus (EM) of scaffolds substantially decrease with increasing porosities. With the same porosity, CS and EM just slightly decrease with increasing unit sizes. The weight loss after degradation increases with increasing porosities and decreasing unit sizes. In vivo tests indicate that Zn‐2Mg alloy scaffolds exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility and osteogenic ability. The osteogenic ability of scaffolds is mainly determined by their physical and chemical characteristics. Scaffolds with lower porosities and smaller unit sizes show better osteogenesis due to their suitable pore size and larger surface area. The results indicate that the biodegradable performance of scaffolds can be accurately regulated on a large scale by structure design and the additively manufactured Zn‐2Mg alloy scaffolds have improved osteogenic ability for treating bone defects.
Kinkless Electronic Junction along 1D Electronic Channel Embedded in a Van Der Waals Layer
Authors: Yao Qirong , Park Jae Whan , Won Choongjae , Cheong Sang‐Wook , Yeom Han Woong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHere, the formation of type‐I and type‐II electronic junctions with or without any structural discontinuity along a well‐defined 1 nm‐wide 1D electronic channel within a van der Waals layer is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are employed to investigate the atomic and electronic structure along peculiar domain walls formed on the charge‐density–wave phase of 1T‐TaS2. Distinct kinds of abrupt electronic junctions with discontinuities of the band gap along the domain walls are found, some of which even do not have any structural kinks and defects. Density‐functional calculations reveal a novel mechanism of the electronic junction formation; they are formed by a kinked domain wall in the layer underneath through substantial electronic interlayer coupling. This work demonstrates that the interlayer electronic coupling can be an effective control knob over nanometer‐scale electronic property of 2D atomic monolayers.
Deposition of Sodium Metal at the Copper‐NaSICON Interface for Reservoir‐Free Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Ortmann Till , Fuchs Till , Eckhardt Janis K. , Ding Ziming , Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank , Kübel Christian , Rohnke Marcus , Janek Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract“Anode‐free” solid‐state battery concepts are explored extensively as they promise a higher energy density with less material consumption and simple anode processing. Here, the homogeneous and uniform electrochemical deposition of alkali metal at the interface between current collector and solid electrolyte plays the central role to form a metal anode within the first cycle. While the cathodic deposition of lithium has been studied intensively, knowledge on sodium deposition is scarce. In this work, dense and uniform sodium layers of several microns thickness are deposited at the Cu|Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 interface with high reproducibility. At current densities of ≈1 mA∙cm−2, relatively uniform coverage is achieved underneath the current collector, as shown by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and 3D confocal microscopy. In contrast, only slight variations of the coverage are observed at different stack pressures. Early stages of the sodium metal growth are analyzed by in situ transmission electron microscopy revealing oriented growth of sodium. The results demonstrate that reservoir‐free (“anode‐free”) sodium‐based batteries are feasible and may stimulate further research efforts in sodium‐based solid‐state batteries.
Cross‐kingdom regulation by plant‐derived miRNAs in mammalian systems
Authors: Yang Linpu , Feng Han 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms, serving as pivotal regulators of genetic expression. Notably, plant‐derived miRNAs have been demonstrated to have unique bioactivity and certain stability in mammalian systems, thereby facilitating their capacity for cross‐kingdom modulation of gene expression. While there is substantial evidence supporting the regulation of mammalian cells by plant‐derived miRNAs, several questions remain unanswered. Specifically, a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms underlying the stability and transport of plant miRNAs and their cross‐kingdom regulation of gene expression in mammals remains to be done. In this review, we summarized the origin, processing, and functional mechanisms of plant miRNAs in mammalian tissues and circulation, emphasizing their greater resistance to mammalian digestion and circulation systems compared to animal miRNAs. Additionally, we introduce four well‐known plant miRNAs that have been extensively studied for their functions and mechanisms in mammalian systems. By delving into these aspects, we aim to offer a fundamental understanding of this intriguing field and shed light on the complex interactions between plant miRNAs and mammalian biology.
Colloidal Self‐Assembly: From Passive to Active Systems
Authors: Huang Yaxin , Wu Changjin , Chen Jingyuan , Tang Jinyao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembly fundamentally implies the organization of small sub‐units into large structures or patterns without the intervention of specific local interactions. This process is commonly observed in nature, occurring at various scales ranging from atomic/molecular assembly to the formation of complex biological structures. Colloidal particles may serve as micrometer‐scale surrogates for studying assembly, particularly for the poorly understood kinetic and dynamic processes at the atomic scale. Recent advances in colloidal self‐assembly have enabled the programmable creation of novel materials with tailored properties. We here provide an overview and comparison of both passive and active colloidal self‐assembly, with a discussion on the energy landscape and interactions governing both types. In the realm of passive colloidal assembly, many impressive and important structures have been realized, including colloidal molecules, one‐dimensional chains, two‐dimensional lattices, and three‐dimensional crystals. In contrast, active colloidal self‐assembly, driven by optical, electric, chemical, or other fields, involves more intricate dynamic processes, offering more flexibility and potential new applications. A comparative analysis underscores the critical distinctions between passive and active colloidal assemblies, highlighting the unique collective behaviors emerging in active systems. These behaviors encompass collective motion, motility‐induced phase segregation, and exotic properties arising from out‐of‐equilibrium thermodynamics. Through this comparison, we aim to identify the future opportunities in active assembly research, which may suggest new application domains.
A General Method to Access Sterically Encumbered Geminal Bis(boronates) via Formal Umpolung Transformation of Terminal Diboron Compounds
Authors: Ning Peng‐Fei , Wei Yi , Chen Xin‐Yi , Yang Yi‐Fei , Gao Feng‐Chen , Hong Kai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGeneral methods for the preparation of geminal bis(boronates) are of great interest due to their widespread applications in organic synthesis. While the terminal gem‐diboron compounds are readily accessible, the construction of the sterically encumbered, internal analogues has remained a prominent challenge. Herein, we report a formal umpolung strategy to access these valuable building blocks. The readily available 1,1‐diborylalkanes were first converted into the corresponding α‐halogenated derivatives, which then serve as electrophilic components, undergoing a formal substitution with a diverse array of nucleophiles to form a series of C−C, C−O, C−S, and C−N bonds. This protocol features good tolerance to steric hindrance and a wide variety of functional groups and heterocycles. Notably, this strategy can also be extended to the synthesis of diaryl and terminal gem‐diboron compounds, therefore providing a general approach to various types of geminal bis(boronates).