bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal allocation of dispersed generators for loss minimization
Authors: Nara Koichi , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Deng Bin , Ikeda Kazushige , Ashizawa Tomoo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDispersed generators (DGs) such as fuel cells and solar cells will be installed on the demand side of power systems. Such dispersed facilities can reduce distribution system loss by appropriate allocation. Planning and operation of distribution systems with the dispersed facilities have already been discussed. In this paper, the authors discuss the extent to which distribution system loss can be reduced if DGs are optimally allocated on the demand side of the distribution system. In order to determine the optimal allocation and size of DGs so as to minimize the distribution system loss, an algorithm based on tabu search is employed. The proposed algorithm consists of iterated nested use of the tabu search algorithm. Namely, in the proposed algorithm, in one computational iteration, after the location of the DG is temporarily determined by tabu search, the size of the DG is also determined by tabu search so as to minimize the distribution system loss for the temporarily determined allocation. Numerical simulations are carried out for two system models in order to examine the validity of the algorithm. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(2): 1–8, 2001
Propagation of intense pulsed proton beam through z‐discharged plasma channel in the presence of return channels
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Masugata Katsumi , Yatsui Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental studies are presented on the propagation of an intense, pulsed proton beam (890 kV, 50 ns) through a z‐discharged plasma channel (50 cm long, 1.1 to 10 Torr, air) in the presence of return channels (30 cm long). From the measurements by an image converter camera and a small‐sized magnetic probe, we have found the compression (deformation) of the main channel due to the presence of the return channels. Enhancement of the beam power density has also been observed. Good efficiency of the propagation (approximately 33%) has been observed through the main channel. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(4): 1–6, 2001
Experimental verification of dispersed installation of shunt active filters based on voltage detection for harmonic damping throughout power distribution systems
Authors: Wada Keiji , Inabe Shinichi , Fujita Hideaki , Akagi Hirofumi , Shibamaru Noboru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with dispersed installation of voltage‐detection based shunt active filters for harmonic damping throughput a power distribution system. A main objective of the active filters is to achieve damping of harmonic propagation coming from series/parallel resonance between capacitors for power factor correction and line inductors in the distribution system. Either a harmonic current source or a harmonic voltage source is connected to a distribution system simulator consisting of two distribution feeders, each of which is rated at 200 V and 20 kW. A couple of active filters are installed to the simulator. As a result, it is clarified by experiment that dispersed installation on the end bus of each feeder is effective in attenuating the harmonic propagation. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 14–23, 2002
Evolvable analog LSIs: Adaptation to process variations via genetic algorithms
Authors: Murakawa Masahiro , Kasai Yuji , Adachi Toshio , Takasuka Kaoru , Yoshizawa Shuji , Higuchi Tetsuya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a concept of evolvable analog LSIs and apply it to Intermediate Frequency (IF) filters, which are widely used in cellular phones. The developed chip can correct discrepancies in the values of analog circuit components by genetic algorithms (GAs), which have attained (1) a yield rate of 97%, (2) a 60% reduction of the filter area, and (3) a 38% reduction of power dissipation, compared with AKM commercial products. When analog Integrated Circuits (ICs) and Large‐Scale Integrated Circuits (LSIs) are manufactured, the values of the analog circuit components, such as resistors or capacitors, often vary from the precise design specifications. Analog LSIs with such defective components cannot perform at required levels and thus have to be discarded. However, our technique can improve yield rates of analog LSIs and has two additional advantages, namely, smaller circuits and less power dissipation, which can lead to cost reductions and efficient implementation of analog LSIs. This approach could be applied to a wide variety of analog LSIs. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(3): 63–71, 2002
Construction of a control system for disturbance rejection using a dual observer
Authors: Fuwa Katsuhiko , Narikiyo Tatsuo , Funahashi Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA well‐known control system which can reduce the adverse effects of disturbances is a disturbance observer. However, in many cases of mechanical systems, system disturbances which do not satisfy the matching condition may be imposed. Therefore, it may be difficult to reduce the adverse effects of the disturbances by the traditional disturbance observer.In this paper, a method of control system synthesis for disturbance rejection using a dual observer is proposed. This method is based on the zeroing induced by the disturbance localization problem. This problem may be solved by dividing the state space into observable subspace and unobservable subspace. As compared with an H∞ controller based on perfect observation, the usefulness of the proposed control system for disturbance rejection is demonstrated by numerical simulations for a two‐mass spring system. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(4): 50–60, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1138
Analytical expressions of potential and electric field generated by a triangular surface charge with a high‐order charge density distribution
Authors: Tatematsu Akiyoshi , Hamada Shoji , Takuma Tadasu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have derived analytical expressions of the potential and electric field generated by a triangular surface charge that has a second‐ or third‐order charge density distribution on each element. These expressions are applicable to the surface charge method (SCM) for calculating electric field in three‐dimensional arrangements. In general, the higher‐order charge density expression improves the accuracy of the SCM. Moreover, the SCM with analytical expressions needs no troublesome treatment of singular points inevitably involved in the SCM using numerical integration. We have also confirmed the validity of these derived analytical expressions by comparing the calculated results with those by the numerical method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 9–17, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1155
Stabilization control for power systems by nonlinear state feedback control using neural networks
Authors: Senjyu Tomonobu , Arakaki Toyohiro , Morishima Yoshiteru , Uezato Katsumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we present a nonlinear state feedback control using a neural network (NN). Since the NN models the nonlinear excitation controller using only measurable state variables from the synchronous generators, the proposed method can be implemented in a real system easily. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by computer simulations for single‐ and multiple‐machine power systems. Furthermore, the NN is implemented on the experiment system with a laboratory‐size 2.2‐kVA synchronous generator. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 26–34, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1157
A new approach to an individual‐phase reactive power compensator for nonsinusoidal and unbalanced three‐phase systems
Authors: Tanaka Toshihiko , Funabiki Shigeyuki , Nabae Akira 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMany researchers have attempted to clarify the definitions of active power, reactive power, active current, reactive current, etc. for unbalanced and nonsinusoidal three‐phase situations. The so‐called pq theory has given a new definition of instantaneous reactive power, and it has been discussed and developed by many authors. In this paper, the merits and demerits of the instantaneous reactive power compensator are discussed. It is shown theoretically that applying instantaneous reactive power compensation to unbalanced three‐phase systems has a serious disadvantage in that it causes third‐order harmonic currents on the source side, which problem cannot be avoided. To overcome this problem the authors propose a new approach, and name it the “quasi‐instantaneous” reactive power compensator. It compensates individual‐phase reactive currents. The basic principles of the quasi‐instantaneous reactive current compensator are discussed in detail, and its validity is confirmed using digital simulation. In particular the authors show that the power factor of each phase becomes unity on the source side, but the source currents remain unbalanced when the proposed method is applied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 139(3): 73–81, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.1162
Consumer ‘sovereignty’ and policy issues in the development of product ecolabels
Authors: Nadaï Alain 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuality labels are increasingly focused on products' characteristics, requiring heavy scientific expertise to be assessed. Economists approach these labels as market mechanisms – i.e. signalling, reputation, or market differentiation – and ignore their institutional dimension. We contend that, by doing so, they do not address key problems faced by the regulators when developing these labels. The first part fleshes out this idea by examining the institutional dimension of the European ecolabel. We present the negotiation of the paints and varnishes ecolabelling criteria, a success story. The second part discusses three theoretical approaches to product labelling and proposes directions for further research on the subject. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Combining policy instruments to curb greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Bahn Olivier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Kyoto Protocol has set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for selected countries. To comply with these reduction requirements, decision‐makers may use market‐based instruments on a national or international basis. This paper advocates the combining of national emission taxes with international trade of emission permits. As a numerical application, this paper analyses macro‐economic impacts of such a strategy for Switzerland. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Swedish Guidelines for Strategic Environmental Assessment for EU Structural Funds
Authors: Balfors Berit , Schmidtbauer Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the Swedish Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) guidelines as developed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for applications made to the EU Structural Funds for financial assistance for regional development plans and programmes. These guidelines aim to increase the integration of environmental concerns in the programming process by promoting the application of environmental‐objective‐led SEA. The issues of screening for sustainability and environmental integration through objective‐led SEA are addressed. The guidelines are considered as a positive development, which has potential for furthering the application of SEA in regional planning in Sweden. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Comparison of the mutagenic responses of mismatch repair‐proficient (TK6) and mismatch repair‐deficient (MT1) human lymphoblast cells to the food‐borne carcinogen PhIP
Authors: Leong‐Morgenthaler Phaik‐Mooi , Duc Romain , Morgenthaler Stephan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeterocyclic amines are ubiquitously present in cooked meats and fish. They represent an important class of food‐borne carcinogens. We describe the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and mutagenic responses of mismatch repair‐proficient (TK6) and mismatch repair‐deficient (MT1) human lymphoblastoid cells to PhIP, the most abundant heterocyclic amine. Dose‐dependent increases in cytotoxicity, in apoptosis, and in mutant fractions at the hprt locus were observed following PhIP treatment. We present a statistical method that is useful for comparing two populations. With this method, we show that the data fitted a model that assumes that the PhIP‐induced mutation rate is dependent on the cell line. Estimated rates of increase of 22.8 × 10−6 and 2.2 × 10−6 mutation per cell per μg PhIP were found in MT1 and TK6, respectively, showing that MT1 is hypermutable to PhIP. MT1 also exhibited lower PhIP‐induced apoptosis. We conclude from these results that mismatch repair‐deficient cells are hypermutable to the food‐borne carcinogen PhIP and that the PhIP–DNA adducts, when not eliminated by apoptosis, can be transformed into mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:323–328, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA damage in human transitional cell carcinoma cells after exposure to the proximate metabolite of the bladder carcinogen 4‐aminobiphenyl
Authors: Burger Melissa S. , Torino Jennifer L. , Swaminathan Santhanam 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe DNA damage induced by N‐hydroxy‐4‐acetylaminobiphenyl (N‐OH‐AABP), the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of the human bladder carcinogen 4‐aminobiphenyl (ABP), was examined in human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells after exposure to the chemical in vitro. 32P‐postlabeling analysis of TCC cultures exposed to N‐OH‐AABP revealed a minor adduct identified as 3‐(deoxyguanosin‐N2‐yl)‐4‐acetylaminobiphenyl (dG‐N2‐AABP) based on comparison of the HPLC and TLC mobility of the product with the synthetic standard. An adduct with the same chromatographic properties was also detected on postlabeling analyses of calf thymus DNA bound to N‐OH‐AABP by incubation with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Detection of dG‐N2‐AABP, which contains the acetyl moiety, suggests that N‐acetoxy‐4‐acetylamino‐biphenyl might be formed as a reactive intermediate and could conceivably arise by a free‐radical–mediated reaction of N‐OH‐AABP with endogenous peroxidases. The radical intermediates could also form reactive oxygen species (ROS). To test this possibility, TCC cultures were exposed to N‐OH‐AABP and the formation of ROS was measured using 2,7‐dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence assay. TCC cultures exposed to N‐OH‐AABP showed a dose‐dependent increase in the ratio of DCF/DNA fluorescence compared to the untreated controls. Formation of ROS was inhibited by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Furthermore, oxidative DNA damage resulting from ROS was monitored by measurement of 8‐oxoguanine products by immunochemical staining and the TCC cells treated with N‐OH‐AABP revealed a characteristic staining. These results suggest that N‐OH‐AABP caused oxidative DNA damage as well as bulky covalent adducts in urothelial DNA, possibly involving endogenous peroxidases. These findings show that human uroepithelial cells, which are the target cell types in vivo for arylamine‐induced cancers, are metabolically capable of activating these proximate carcinogenic metabolites of arylamines, and these reactions might play a determinate role in the genotoxicity of these environmental carcinogens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:1–11, 2001 © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
At the birth of molecular radiation biology
Authors: Devoret Raymond 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRational thinking builds on feelings, too. This article starts with a tribute to Richard Setlow, an eminent scientist; it retraces as well some studies in molecular genetics that helped to understand basic questions of radiation biology. In the mid‐1950s, the induction of a dormant virus (prophage) by irradiation of its host was an intriguing phenomenon. Soon, it was found that prophage induction results from the inactivation of the prophage repressor. Similarly, a score of induced cellular SOS functions were found to be induced when the LexA repressor is inactivated. Repressor inactivation involves the formation of a newly formed distinctive structure: a RecA‐polymer wrapped around single‐stranded DNA left by the arrest of replication at damaged sites. By touching this RecA nucleofilament, the LexA repressor is inactivated, triggering the sequential expression of SOS functions. The RecA nucleofilament acts as a chaperone, allowing recombinational repair to occur after nucleotide excision repair is over. The UmuD′C complex, synthesized slowly and parsimoniously, peaks at the end of recombinational repair, ready to be positioned at the tip of a RecA nucleofilament, placing the UmuD′C complex right at a lesion. At this location, UmuD′C prevents recombinational repair, and now acts as an error‐prone paucimerase that fills the discontinuity opposite the damaged DNA. Finally, the elimination of lesions from the path of DNA polymerase, allows the resumption of DNA replication, and the SOS repair cycle switches to a normal cell cycle. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 38:135–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards a more integrated approach to environmental and health and safety policy
Authors: Clinch J. Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo key components of people's quality of life are the quality of the environment in which they live and the quality of the environment in which they work. Without intervention by policymakers, the market economy will fail to provide an adequate level of health and safety and environmental quality. However, policy with regard to each area tends to be made independently of the other. This paper examines the linkages between environmental and health and safety policy. The available instruments to enhance both the environmental and health and safety performance of firms is explored using a Focus Group of representatives from Irish and German firms. In particular, the potential conflicts and complementarities between initiatives and policies in both areas are examined. The primary objective of the paper is to examine the scope for a more integrated and balanced approach to environmental and health and safety policy in Europe. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Classifying corporate MEFA applications: development and empirical test of a conceptual model
Authors: Seuring Stefan A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 9(2) 2002, 131.
Based on the conceptual framework of LCA, this research aims to provide a framework for the classification and compilation of corporate material and energy flow analysis (MEFA), which allows small and medium sized enterprises to use MEFA as a tool in corporate decision making.This resulted in a framework for material and energy flow analysis (MEFA), where corporate applications are classified according to the dimensions user, temporal type and managerial focus. This concept was applied to seven corporate MEFA case studies, by interviewing the key employees involved in compiling the case studies.The model was checked to determine whether it portrays the case study applications. The three dimensions used proved to be suitable, as the MEFA applications observed for the individual cases studies were in agreement with the ones suggested by the model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Non‐linear statistical modelling of high frequency ground ozone data
Authors: Fassò Alessandro , Negri Ilia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of describing hourly data of ground ozone is considered. The complexity of high frequency environmental data dynamics often requires models covering covariates, multiple frequency periodicities, long memory, non‐linearity and heteroscedasticity. For these reasons we introduce a parametric model which includes seasonal fractionally integrated components, self‐exciting threshold autoregressive components, covariates and autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic errors with high tails. For the general model, we present estimation and identification techniques.To show the model descriptive capability and its use, we analyse a five year hourly ozone data set from an air traffic pollution station located in Bergamo, Italy. The role of meteo and precursor covariates, periodic components, long memory and non‐linearity is assessed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A parametric analytical model for non‐linear dynamics in cable‐stayed beam
Authors: Gattulli Vincenzo , Morandini Massimiliano , Paolone Achille 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe governing equations for dynamic transverse motion of a cable‐stayed beam are obtained by means of a classical variational formulation. The analytical model permits a parametric investigation of linear and non‐linear behaviour in a family of cable‐stayed beam systems. Analytical eigensolutions of the linearized equations are used to investigate how the mechanical characteristics influence the occurrence of global, local and coupled modes. The exact eigenfunctions are assumed to describe the forced harmonic motion in the neighbourhood of a selected frequency. The frequency–amplitude relationship, obtained by the use of the multiple scale method, permits the description of softening and hardening behaviour in the global, local and coupled classes of motion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Solution of dynamic response of SDOF system using piecewise Lagrange polynomial
Authors: Liu J. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs an extension of the procedure in which an arbitrary dynamic loading is approximated by piecewise linear segments, the second‐ and third‐degree piecewise Lagrangian interpolating polynomials are employed to approximate an arbitrary dynamic loading in the Duhamel integral for the solution of dynamic response of a SDOF system. The related formulae are derived. The proposed method offers computational advantage over the traditional step‐by‐step solution techniques for comparable accuracy, and far better accuracy than the piecewise linear approximation procedure for comparable time interval when the loading cannot be represented by straight‐line segments. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic models for simulation of strong ground motion in Iceland
Authors: Ólafsson Símon , Remseth Svein , Sigbjörnsson Ragnar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo types of modelling approaches for simulating ground motion in Iceland are studied and compared. The first type of models, named discrete‐time series models (ARMA), are based solely on measured acceleration in earthquakes occurring in Iceland. The second type of models are based on a theoretical seismic source model called the extended Brune model. Based on measured acceleration in Iceland during the period 1986–1996, the parameters for the extended Brune models have been estimated. The seismic source models are presented here as ARMA models, which simplifies the simulation process. A single‐layer soil amplification model is used in conjunction with the extended Brune model to estimate local site amplification. Emphasis is put on the ground motion models representing the variability in the measured earthquakes, with respect to energy, duration and frequency content. Demonstration is made using these models for constructing linear and non‐linear probabilistic response spectra using a discretised version of the Bouc–Wen model for the hysteresis of the second‐order system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.