bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, and abdominal pathology in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Dike Chinenye R. , Fittro Sarah , Oster Robert A. , Morrow Casey D. , Brandow Amanda , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Lebensburger Jeffrey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently present with acute pain. The abdomen, a common site of acute SCD‐related pain, may be present in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies. Limited data exist on prevalence and workup of abdominal pain in patients with SCD during acute pain events.ObjectivesDetermine prevalence of GI symptoms, GI‐specific evaluation and risks of hospitalization in children with SCD presenting to the emergency department (ED) or hospitalized with abdominal pain.MethodsRetrospective study of children less than 21 years presenting to the ED or hospitalized with pain in our center over 2 years. Descriptive statistics were used to report clinical characteristics, frequency of GI symptoms, workup by age (<5 vs. ≥5 years), and genotype (sickle cell anemia [SCA] vs. non‐SCA). Logistic regression models were used to identify risks associated with hospitalization.ResultsA total of 1279 encounters in 378 patients were analyzed; 23% (n = 291) encounters were associated with abdominal pain. More abdominal pain‐associated hospitalizations occurred in older children, SCA, children with lower mean hemoglobin (8.7 ± 1.9 vs. 9.6 ± 1.6 g/dL, p < .001) and higher mean white blood cell (WBC) count (14.9 ± 6.6 vs. 13.2 ± 5.3 × 103/μL, p = .02). We identified that less than 50% of patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain received a GI‐specific evaluation.ConclusionChildren with SCD frequently present with abdominal pain and other GI symptoms, with limited GI evaluations performed. GI‐specific evaluation may increase diagnosis of GI pathologies, rule out GI pathologies, and contribute to the limited knowledge of the abdomen as a primary site of SCD pain.
Interfacial performance of phenolic‐sized continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin composites with different impregnation nozzle diameters via 3D printing
Authors: Dong Wencai , Bao Chonggao , Liu Rongzhen , Li Shijia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe interfacial bonding strength of the 3D‐printed composites was poor due to the inadequate impregnation. To improve the interfacial performance and mechanical properties of the 3D‐printed composites, carbon fiber (Original‐CF) was modified by oxidation combined with sizing, to obtain Sized‐CF, and continuous carbon fiber‐reinforced phenolic resin (Original‐CF/PF and Sized‐CF/PF) composites were fabricated via in situ‐curing 3D printing. The impregnation nozzle diameter influences the resin content and the impregnation effect of the resin into the fiber bundles. Mechanical properties with different impregnation nozzle diameters of Sized‐CF/PF composites all increased compared to that of Original‐CF/PF composites. The flexural strength of Sized‐CF/PF composites increased by 15.3% and interlaminar shear strength increased by 28.6%, compared to that of Original‐CF/PF composites, when the impregnation nozzle diameter was 0.40 mm. The fiber‐resin interface and the effect of interfacial performance on fracture mode of the composites were investigated systematically. The interfacial performance was improved, owing to the decrease of void defect volume and the increase of impregnation uniformity between the fiber and resin interface; the fracture mode was transferred from longer fiber pulling‐out for Original‐CF/PF composites to shorter fiber pulling‐out for Sized‐CF/PF composites, owing to the improvement of interfacial performance.Highlights
Carbon fiber was modified to improve interfacial and mechanical properties.
Nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm obtains adequate resin content and extrusion force.
Defect volume reduced and impregnation uniformity improved after modification.
Flexural strength of the composite increased by 15.3% after CF modification.
Conductive polyacrylate coatings filled with bimetal Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni powders and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Kobets Anna , Vorobyova Tatiana , Galuza Maria , Kudaka Anton , Novikau Uladzimir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConductive coatings on a glass substrate are widely used in electronics and automotive, ship, aircraft, and optical industries. The method for obtaining electroconductive polyacrylate coatings filled with bimetal Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni particles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is developed in this work. At the ratio GNPs:bimetal powder:polymer of (33–35):(17–35):(30–50) (wt%) and the coating thickness 50 μm specific volume resistance is 0.12–0.26 Ω·cm owing to the percolation effect. Bimetal particles are synthesized by nickel or copper ions reduction from aqueous solutions on copper or zinc particles. Their composition is regulated by the duration of metal ions reduction. Bimetal particles have a structure of copper or zinc core with a loose shell of nickel or copper nanoparticles, they ensure the contact between GNPs forming a continuous network in polymer matrix. GNPs are obtained by thermal exfoliation of natural flake graphite treated in liquid ammonia containing metal sodium. Polymer composite is prepared using the solution of methyl‐ and n‐butylmethacrylate copolymer. Coatings have adequate adhesion to the glass, and owing to their high conductivity, absence of noble metals, simplicity and cheapness of fabrication can be used for production of conductive elements on glass and other substrates.Highlights
Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni powder and GNPs filled conductive polyacrylate coatings
Bimetal core‐shell particles are obtained by Ni(II) or Cu(II) reduction in solutions
Bimetal particles and GNPs form a network in polymer with percolation effect
Specific volume resistance of coatings 50 μm thick on glass is 0.12–0.26 Ω·cm
Coatings conductivity and adhesion to glass open great prospects for application
Correlates of posttraumatic stress in cancer patients and their family caregivers across two years following diagnosis
Authors: Mitchell Hannah‐Rose , Antoni Michael H. , Shaffer Kelly M. , Kim Youngmee 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine risk‐factors of cancer‐related PTSS in the 2‐years post‐diagnosis in adult colorectal cancer patients and caregivers.MethodsPatients with colorectal cancer and their caregivers (N = 130 dyads) self‐reported sociodemographic, psychosocial, and medical factors at diagnosis/treatment initiation (T1), at 1‐ (T2), and 2‐year (T3) post‐diagnosis. Cancer‐related PTSS were assessed, and path analysis examined associations between proposed correlates and PTSS.ResultsAmong patients, higher neuroticism and greater physical symptom distress were concurrently associated with higher PTSS (Bs ≥ 0.10, ps ≤ 0.02); greater physical symptom distress at T1 and greater social support at T2 were associated with higher PTSS at T3 (Bs ≥ 0.37, ps ≤ 0.04). Among caregivers, female gender, higher neuroticism (Bs ≥ 0.12, ps < 0.01), and lower social support (Bs ≤ −0.24, ps ≤ 0.02) were associated with higher concurrent PTSS; lower patient physical symptom distress and social support at T1 (Bs ≤ −0.27, ps ≤ 0.03) and longer hours spent caregiving at T2 (B = 0.03, p = 0.05) were associated with higher PTSS at T3.ConclusionsFindings identify cancer‐specific risk factors (physical symptoms, hours caregiving), in addition to established risk factors (female, neuroticism, social support) in non‐medical populations. The identified subgroups should receive ongoing screening and psychosocial referral for cancer‐related PTSS.
Short‐term effects of air pollution on hospitalization of children with acute upper respiratory infections: A time series analysis in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Wancheng , Ling Jianglong , Zhang Runping , Ruan Ye 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveShort‐term air pollution exposure is correlated with childhood acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) hospitalizations. We surveyed the relationship between AURI hospitalizations and air pollutant concentrations in children aged 0–14 years from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019 in Lanzhou City.MethodsWe collected both data on air pollutant concentrations and children's AURI hospitalizations during the study period. Distributional lagged nonlinear models were adopted to assess the short‐term effects of air pollutants on children's AURI hospitalizations. We also performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis.ResultsA total of 15,881 children were hospitalized for AURI during the study period. The results showed that for each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations at lag0‐6, the relative risk (RR) values for children hospitalized for AURI were RR = 1.0247 (95% CI: 1.0092,1.0405), RR = 1.0928 (95% CI: 1.0562, 1.1308), and RR = 1.0715 (95% CI: 1.0495, 1.0940), respectively. PM10 was significantly associated with AURI hospitalization in children only at lag0, RR = 1.0028 (95% CI: 1.0000, 1.0056).ConclusionShort‐term exposures to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 all increase the risk of AURI hospitalization in children variously.
Analyzing the cation‐aromatic interactions in proteins: Cation‐aromatic database V2.0
Authors: Kumar Y. Bhargav , Kumar Nandan , John Lijo , Mahanta Hridoy Jyoti , Vaikundamani S. , Nagamani Selvaraman , Sastry G. Madhavi , Sastry G. Narahari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe cation‐aromatic database (CAD) is a comprehensive repository of cation‐aromatic motifs found in experimentally determined protein structures, first reported in 2007 [Proteins, 2007, 67, 1179]. The present article is an update of CAD that contains information of approximately 27.26 million cation‐aromatic motifs. CAD uses three distance parameters (r, d1, and d2) to determine the position of the cation relative to the centroid of the aromatic residue and classifies the motifs as cation‐π or cation‐σ interactions. As of June 2023, about 193 936 protein structures were retrieved from Protein Data Bank, and this resulted in the identification of an impressive number of 27 255 817 cation‐aromatic motifs. Among these motifs, spherical motifs constituted 94.09%, while cylindrical motifs made up the remaining 5.91%. When considering the interaction of metal ions with aromatic residues, 965 564 motifs are identified. Remarkably, 82.08% of these motifs involved the binding of metal ions to the amino acid HIS. Moreover, the analysis of binding preferences between cations and aromatic residues revealed that the HIS‐HIS, PHE‐ARG, and TRP‐ARG pairs exhibited a preferential geometry. The motif pair HIS‐HIS was the most prevalent, accounting for 19.87% of the total, closely followed by TYR‐LYS at 10.17%. Conversely, the motif pair TRP‐HIS had the lowest occurrence, representing only 4.20% of the total. The data generated help in revealing the characteristics and biological functions of cation‐aromatic interactions in biological molecules. The updated version of CAD (Cation‐Aromatic Database V2.0) can be accessed at https://acds.neist.res.in/cadv2.
Who stays in their birthplace? The role of multigenerational local ties in young adults' staying behaviour
Authors: Thomassen Jonne A. K. , Lundholm Emma , Malmberg Gunnar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe explore staying and migration behaviour using a multigenerational perspective on local ties. Based on Swedish register data, we take a shared birthplace between young adults and one or more of their parents and grandparents as a proxy for multigenerational local ties in the young adult's birthplace. Our aim is to investigate whether the presence of this type of longstanding, multigenerational local ties in the birthplace increases one's propensity to stay or return there during young adulthood. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we model the residential trajectories between ages 18 and 30 of individuals born in 1981, 1982, and 1983 who lived in their birthplace at age 18 (i.e., stayed in, moved from, or returned to the birthplace by age 30;N = 185,897). We find that the propensity for staying in one's birthplace increases with each additional parent or grandparent with whom the birthplace is shared. Overall, differences between ties shared with parent(s) and grandparent(s) are surprisingly similar, except ties that are shared withbothparents. These have a particularly strong and positive effect. Although men seem to be tied more strongly than women to their fathers and paternal grandparents, we found no differences between men and women in their ties to mothers and maternal grandparents.
Large Spontaneous Emission Enhancement with Silver Nanocube Dimers on Silver Substrates
Authors: Kan Yinhui , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. , Kumar Shailesh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNanoantennas and nanocavities are widely used for at‐source manipulation of quantum emission based on the well‐known Purcell effect. Here, the configuration is explored consisting of silver (Ag) nanocube dimers positioned on Ag substrates to realize large Purcell enhancement of molecular spontaneous emission. The relationship is investigated between the cube sizes and separation gap of a nanocube dimer and the resulting Purcell enhancement, and shows the possibility of achieving the enhancement of up to 6.4 × 106. Furthermore, to experimentally demonstrate large Purcell enhancements, atomic force microscopy is used to assemble Ag nanocube dimers in the corner‐to‐corner configuration with the help of prefabricated corner‐to‐corner dielectric bricks. The decrease of the lifetime of Ru dye molecules from 91.7 ns (on a glass substrate) to the instrument response function limit (1.5 ns) after coupling with nanocube dimers is observed. This work provides a promising design and realization method for advanced photon sources, e.g., atom‐like single‐photon emitters with extremely large decay rates.
Test method for vapor collection and ion mobility detection of explosives with low vapor pressure
Authors: Son Chae Eun , Choi He‐Ryun , Choi Sung‐Seen 
Published: October 2023

RationaleIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been widely used for on‐site detection of explosives. Air sampling method is applicable only when the concentration of explosive vapor is considerably high in the air, but vapor pressures of common explosives such as 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are very low. A test method for analyzing the vapor detection efficiency of explosives with low vapor pressure via IMS was developed using artificial vapor and collection matrices.MethodsArtificial explosive vapor was produced by spraying an explosive solution in acetone. Fifteen collection matrices of various materials with woven or nonwoven structures were tested. Two arrangements of horizontal and vertical positions of the collection matrices were employed. Explosive vapor collected in the matrix was analyzed using IMS.ResultsOnly three collection matrices of stainless steel mesh (SSM), polytetrafluoroethylene sheet (PFS), and lens cleansing paper (LCP) showed the TNT and/or RDX ion peaks at an explosive vapor concentration of 49 ng/L. There was no collection matrix to detect PETN vapor at or lower than 49 ng/L. For the PFS, TNT and RDX were detected at a vapor concentration of 49 ng/L. For the LCP, TNT and RDX were detected at vapor concentrations of 14 and 49 ng/L, irrespectively.ConclusionsThe difference in the explosive vapor detection efficiencies could be explained by the adsorption and desorption capabilities of the collection matrices. The proposed method can be used for evaluating the vapor detection efficiency of hazardous materials with low vapor pressure.
Emergent learning about measurement and uncertainty in an inquiry context: A case from an elementary classroom
Authors: Tang Xiaowei , Shu Gang , Wei Bing , Levin Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudents often learn about measurement uncertainty as an isolated topic, with a focus on generalizable strategies to manage uncertainty in scientific investigation. In this study, we report and analyze a case of emergent learning about measurement and uncertainty, in which students in a Chinese elementary school science class explored and reconciled discrepancies in hypotheses by constructing and using measures and making inferences. Adopting a model‐based view of measurement, we show that when allowed to take on emergent measurement uncertainty while inquiring into causes for phenomena, late elementary students with no prior experience can engage in sophisticated reasoning characterized by a variety of theoretical modeling practices. Developing and aligning models of the phenomenon, the measure and the measurement data supported students in constructing an intuitive solution to their discrepancies. Our analysis also identified (1) a pattern of thinking and some common assumptions students adopted in their modeling practice that were productive, and (2) contextual elements affording and constraining emergent learning on measurement and uncertainty. In our discussion, we reflect on the educational potential of adopting a model‐based account of measurement and of treating measurement and uncertainty as integrated into investigative practice. We also discuss the necessary contexts for realizing the potential of the model‐based account.
Putting ‘Good Society’ Ahead of Growth and/or ‘Development’: Overcoming Neoliberalism's Growth Trap and its Costly Consequences
Authors: Khan M. Adil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the rise of neoliberalism, a corporate‐dominated state‐assisted deregulated growth strategy, which has caught most countries in the throes of what can be termed a ‘growth trap’, has indeed yielded significant economic gains for many but has also entailed inexorable social, moral and environmental adversities.This paper argues that the reason we experience the incongruities between economic growth and social nourishing is the fact that we treat economy over society as our end goal. We regard economic growth as the end‐all sum. Given the social and other costs this obsession with growth has inflicted upon societies, it is important that we escape the neoliberal growth trap and recalibrate our focus from the economy to society, to ensure that neither growth nor ‘development’, but rather formation of what this paper terms ‘good societies’, those that nurture and thrive on values of equity, empathy, social justice and environmental sustainability, should be the end goal.By drawing lessons from several philosophical and practical ideas, the paper offers policy options relevant to the implementation of the ‘good society’ concept both within and across nations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Introducing an Inquiry into the Social Economies of Greed and Excess
Authors: Oka Rahul , Kuijt Ian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn March 2011, the Society of Economic Anthropology held its Annual Meeting Conference, hosted at the University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, to discuss the topic: Social Economies of Greed and Excess: Lessons from Recessions Past and Present. Specifically time during the social, economic, and political aftermath of the Great Recession (2007–2009), the articles were chosen to understand “greed” and “excess” as behaviors, ideas, and accusations that have shaped and in turn, been shaped by social processes, across different societies and at different periods in human history. This article (a) contextualizes the conference and the subsequent discussion of greed and excess within the broader narratives of causation and accusation between various actors and groups involved in and affected by the outcomes of differential accumulation and consumption of resources, (b) introduces the various articles raging from archaeology to ethnography and commentaries by noted anthropologists that may potentially inform the larger debate on greed and excess within anthropology, and even generate new directions for collaborative anthropological inquiry into “greed and excess” and the human condition.
A Versatile Strategy for Concurrent Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Sustainable Energy Harvesting
Authors: Wang Si , Wu Yingjie , Pu Mingbo , Xu Mingfeng , Zhang Renyan , Yu Tao , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Su Yuanjie , Tai Huiling , Guo Yongcai , Luo Xiangang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDeveloping versatile systems that can concurrently achieve energy saving and energy generation is critical to accelerate carbon neutrality. However, challenges on designing highly effective, large scale, and multifunctional photonic film hinder the concurrent combination of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and utilization of sustainable clean energies. Herein, a versatile scalable photonic film (Ecoflex@h‐BN) with washable property and excellent mechanical stability is developed by combining the excellent scattering efficiency of the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanoplates with the high infrared emissivity and ideal triboelectric negative property of the Ecoflex matrix. Strikingly, sufficiently high solar reflectance (0.92) and ideal emissivity (0.97) endow the Ecoflex@h‐BN film with subambient cooling effect of ≈9.5 °C at midday during the continuous outdoor measurements. In addition, the PDRC Ecoflex@h‐BN film‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (PDRC‐TENG) exhibits a maximum peak power density of 0.5 W m−2. By reasonable structure design, the PDRC‐TENG accomplishes effective wind energy harvesting and can successfully drive the electronic device. Meanwhile, an on‐skin PDRC‐TENG is fabricated to harvest human motion energy and monitor moving states. This research provides a novel design of a multifunctional PDRC photonic film, and offers a versatile strategy to realize concurrent PDRC and sustainable energies harvesting.
High‐Index Faceted Cu2O@CuO Mesocrystals Act as Efficient Catalyst for Si Hydrochlorination to Trichlorosilane
Authors: Ji Yongjun , Liu Shaomian , Song Shaojia , Xing Liwen , Kang Ting , Zhang Bin , Li Huifang , Chen Wenxing , Li Zhenxing , Zhong Ziyi , Xu Guangwen , Su Fabing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMesocrystals (MCs) with high‐index facets may have superior catalytic properties to those with low‐index facets and their nanocrystal counterparts. However, synthesizing such mesocrystal materials is still very challenging because of the metastability of MCs and energetic high‐index crystal facets. This work reports a successful solvothermal method followed by calcination for synthesizing copper oxide‐based MCs possessing a core–shell structure (denoted as Cu2O@CuO HIMCs). Furthermore, these MCs are predominantly bounded by the high‐index facets such as {311} or {312} with a high‐density of stepped atoms. When used as catalysts in Si hydrochlorination to produce trichlorosilane (TCS, the primary feedstock of high‐purity crystalline Si), Cu2O@CuO HIMCs exhibit significantly enhanced Si conversion and TCS selectivity compared to those with flat surfaces and their nanostructured counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that both the core–shell structure and the high‐index surface contribute to the increased electron density of Cu sites in Cu2O@CuO HIMCs, promoting the adsorption and dissociation of HCl and stabilizing the dissociated Cl* intermediate. This work provides a simple method for synthesizing high‐index faceted MCs and offers a feasible strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of MCs.