bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Multidrug Co‐Delivery System Targeting Differential Sites for Diabetes Mellitus Treatment
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Wang Ruiting , Xu Ziqiang , Deng Siying , Yang Hanxiao , Hou Lin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlthough regulation of the blood glucose level is a common therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the root cause of this disease (such as the damage of pancreatic β cells) cannot be solved. Remodeling the pancreatic microenvironment and gut microbial homeostasis to improve β cells dysfunction become a potential strategy but remains challenging. Herein, a curcumin (CUR) and bifidobacterial (BI) co‐delivery system based on the self‐emulsifying technology (CUR‐BI‐SEDDS), which can generate a protective and self‐assembled coating on BI surface to achieve the above strategy is designed. CUR‐loaded oil phase coating endows BI with resistance against gastric invasion and helps BI colonize to positively regulate the abundance of gut microbiota. Following oral ingestion, the CUR‐loaded oil phase is self‐emulsified into nano‐emulsion, separated from BI, and delivers CUR to pancreas via the chylomicron pathway to remodel the inflammatory pancreatic microenvironment. As a result, CUR‐BI‐SEDDS showed excellent efficacy in restoring the islet β cell function, thus maintaining the systemic glucose homeostasis via only once administration every day. This study not only provides a promising regimen for thorough T2DM therapy but also explores a versatile oral co‐delivery platform for combination of chemo‐drugs and living biotherapeutics, which can exert potency at diverse target sites.
Interface‐Engineered Field‐Effect Transistor Electronic Devices for Biosensing
Authors: Zhang Yun , Chen Duo , He Wang , Chen Na , Zhou Liping , Yu Lilei , Yang Yanbing , Yuan Quan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPromising advances in molecular medicine have promoted the urgent requirement for reliable and sensitive diagnostic tools. Electronic biosensing devices based on field‐effect transistors (FETs) exhibit a wide range of benefits, including rapid and label‐free detection, high sensitivity, easy operation, and capability of integration, possessing significant potential for application in disease screening and health monitoring. In this perspective, the tremendous efforts and achievements in the development of high‐performance FET biosensors in the past decade are summarized, with emphasis on the interface engineering of FET‐based electrical platforms for biomolecule identification. First, an overview of engineering strategies for interface modulation and recognition element design is discussed in detail. For a further step, the applications of FET‐based electrical devices for in vitro detection and real‐time monitoring in biological systems are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the key opportunities and challenges of FET‐based electronic devices in biosensing are discussed. It is anticipated that a comprehensive understanding of interface engineering strategies in FET biosensors will inspire additional techniques for developing highly sensitive, specific, and stable FET biosensors as well as emerging designs for next‐generation biosensing electronics.
Chiral‐Guest Induced Multicolor‐Tunable Circularly Polarized Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Jiang Yitian , Zhang Chenyu , Wang Ruoxi , Lei Yunxiang , Dai Wenbo , Liu Miaochang , Wu Huayue , Tao Ye , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of organic circularly polarized room temperature phosphorescence (CP‐RTP) materials with tunable emission colors has important value in the field of optoelectronic applications but remains a challenging issue. Herein, a CP‐RTP doped system with green, yellow, and red afterglow is constructed by introducing chiral groups into three phosphors naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene as guests respectively, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the host. The phosphorescence quantum yield of the doped system is 7.3%–13.6%, the phosphorescence lifetime is 341 ms–1017 ms, and the asymmetry factor is 0.001–0.0021. Further doping three guests simultaneously into the PVP resulted in the four‐component doped materials. Benefiting from the different excitation wavelengths of three guests, when the excitation wavelength changes from 300 to 365 nm, the afterglow of the four‐component doped materials changes from green to yellow and finally to red. Moreover, due to the different phosphorescence lifetimes of different guests, the afterglow can in turn change from red to green after excitation at 365 nm, demonstrating a time‐dependence phosphorescence emission property. This doped strategy provides an effective platform for constructing organic multicolor CP‐RTP materials.
Ultra‐Stretchable Kirigami Piezo‐Metamaterials for Sensing Coupled Large Deformations
Authors: Hong Luqin , Zhang Hao , Kraus Tobias , Jiao Pengcheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMechanical metamaterials are known for their prominent mechanical characteristics such as programmable deformation that are due to periodic microstructures. Recent research trends have shifted to utilizing mechanical metamaterials as structural substrates to integrate with functional materials for advanced functionalities beyond mechanical, such as active sensing. This study reports on the ultra‐stretchable kirigami piezo‐metamaterials (KPM) for sensing coupled large deformations caused by in‐ and out‐of‐plane displacements using the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) composite films. The KPM are fabricated by uniformly compounding and polarizing piezoelectric particles (i.e., PZT and BaTiO3) in silicon rubber and structured by cutting the piezoelectric rubbery films into ligaments. Characterizes the electrical properties of the KPM and investigates the bistable mechanical response under the coupled large deformations with the stretching ratio up to 200% strains. Finally, the PZT KPM sensors are integrated into wireless sensing systems for the detection of vehicle tire bulge, and the non‐toxic BaTiO3 KPM are applied for human posture monitoring. The reported kirigami piezo‐metamaterials open an exciting venue for the control and manipulation of mechanically functional metamaterials for active sensing under complex deformation scenarios in many applications.
High‐permittivity Solvents Increase MXene Stability and Stacking Order Enabling Ultraefficient Terahertz Shielding
Authors: Hong Xiaodan , Xu Zhenyu , Lv Zhong‐Peng , Lin Zhen , Ahmadi Mohsen , Cui Linfan , Liljeström Ville , Dudko Volodymyr , Sheng Jiali , Cui Xiaoqi , Tsapenko Alexey P. , Breu Josef , Sun Zhipei , Zhang Qiang , Kauppinen Esko , Peng Bo , Ikkala Olli 
Published: December 2023

Abstract2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) suggest an uncommonly broad combination of important functionalities amongst 2D materials. Nevertheless, MXene suffers from facile oxidation and colloidal instability upon conventional water‐based processing, thus limiting applicability. By experiments and theory, It is suggested that for stability and dispersibility, it is critical to select uncommonly high permittivity solvents such as N‐methylformamide (NMF) and formamide (FA) (εr = 171, 109), unlike the classical solvents characterized by high dipole moment and polarity index. They also allow high MXene stacking order within thin films on carbon nanotube (CNT) substrates, showing very high Terahertz (THz) shielding effectiveness (SE) of 40–60 dB at 0.3–1.6 THz in spite of the film thinness < 2 µm. The stacking order and mesoscopic porosity turn relevant for THz‐shielding as characterized by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The mechanistic understanding of stability and structural order allows guidance for generic MXene applications, in particular in telecommunication, and more generally processing of 2D materials.
Dying to Defend: Neutrophil Death Pathways and their Implications in Immunity
Authors: Tu Haiyue , Ren Haoyu , Jiang Junjie , Shao Changshun , Shi Yufang , Li Peishan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNeutrophils, accounting for ≈70% of human peripheral leukocytes, are key cells countering bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophil homeostasis involves a balance between cell maturation, migration, aging, and eventual death. Neutrophils undergo different death pathways depending on their interactions with microbes and external environmental cues. Neutrophil death has significant physiological implications and leads to distinct immunological outcomes. This review discusses the multifarious neutrophil death pathways, including apoptosis, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, and outlines their effects on immune responses and disease progression. Understanding the multifaceted aspects of neutrophil death, the intersections among signaling pathways and ramifications of immunity will help facilitate the development of novel therapeutic methods.
High Free Volume Polyelectrolytes for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers with a Current Density of 13.39 A cm−2 and a Durability of 1000 h
Authors: Hu Chuan , Kang Hyun Woo , Jung Seung Won , Liu Mei‐Ling , Lee Young Jun , Park Jong Hyeong , Kang Na Yoon , Kim Myeong‐Geun , Yoo Sung Jong , Park Chi Hoon , Lee Young Moo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe rational design of the current anion exchange polyelectrolytes (AEPs) is challenging to meet the requirements of both high performance and durability in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). Herein, highly‐rigid‐twisted spirobisindane monomer is incorporated in poly(aryl‐co‐aryl piperidinium) backbone to construct continuous ionic channels and to maintain dimensional stability as promising materials for AEPs. The morphologies, physical, and electrochemical properties of the AEPs are investigated based on experimental data and molecular dynamics simulations. The present AEPs possess high free volumes, excellent dimensional stability, hydroxide conductivity (208.1 mS cm−1 at 80 °C), and mechanical properties. The AEMWE of the present AEPs achieves a new current density record of 13.39 and 10.7 A cm−2 at 80 °C by applying IrO2 and nonprecious anode catalyst, respectively, along with outstanding in situ durability under 1 A cm−2 for 1000 h with a low voltage decay rate of 53 µV h−1. Moreover, the AEPs can be applied in fuel cells and reach a power density of 2.02 W cm−2 at 80 °C under fully humidified conditions, and 1.65 W cm−2 at 100 °C, 30% relative humidity. This study provides insights into the design of high‐performance AEPs for energy conversion devices.
Uncertainty relation in viscous hydrodynamics and its effects in collective flow observables
Authors: de Matos G. Gonçalves , Henrique L. , Kodama T. , Koide T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe uncertainty relation is considered to be one of key features of quantum mechanics which distinguishes quantum and classical systems. Recently, we developed a new formulation of the uncertainty relation based on the generalized scheme of variational principle, the stochastic variational method (SVM). In this method, the uncertainty relation is related to the nondifferentiability of observables and thus can be obtained even in classical stochastic systems. This new formulation resolves the famous paradox in quantum mechanics, the angular uncertainty relation without introducing artificial assumptions. In this paper, we show that the fluctuations of position and momentum for a nonrelativistic viscous fluid element satisfies the uncertainty relation analogous to the corresponding quantum mechanical one. Such a fluctuation is sensitive to the temperature gradient at the freezeout surface and can affect the collective flow anisotropy in relativistic heavy‐ion collisions.
Einfluss der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Zementstein auf das Abplatzen von Beton unter Brandeinwirkung – Teil 2
Authors: Reiners Jochen , Zehfuß Jochen , Dehn Frank , Müller Christoph 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEinige größere Brandereignisse der letzten Jahrzehnte, insbesondere solche in Tunneln und Parkhäusern, haben das Bewusstsein von Planern bezüglich der möglichen Neigung von Beton zu explosiven Abplatzungen im Brandfall erhöht. In bestimmten Anwendungsbereichen können diese die Feuerwiderstandsdauer brandbeanspruchter Bauteile verkürzen. Welche Mechanismen für die explosiven Abplatzungen verantwortlich sind, wird unter Wissenschaftlern kontrovers diskutiert. Die im Teil 1 dieses Beitrags beschriebenen Brandversuche an Betonprobekörpern haben gezeigt, dass die Zementart einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Neigung von Beton zu explosiven Abplatzungen haben kann. Drei gemeinsame Merkmale wurden für diejenigen Betone identifiziert, die eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für Abplatzungen aufwiesen. Für jedes dieser drei Merkmale wurde eine entsprechende Hypothese hinsichtlich dessen möglichen Beitrags zum Betonabplatzen im Brandfall aufgestellt. Der vorliegende zweite Teil des Beitrags beschreibt die Überprüfung der drei Hypothesen durch ein entsprechendes Versuchsprogramm. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchungen wurden die Hauptmechanismen identifiziert, durch welche Abplatzungen ausgelöst werden.
Nuclear envelope budding: Getting large macromolecular complexes out of the nucleus
Authors: Sule Kevin C. , Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Parkhurst Susan M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTransport of macromolecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is essential for nearly all cellular and developmental events, and when mis‐regulated, is associated with diseases, tumor formation/growth, and cancer progression. Nuclear Envelope (NE)‐budding is a newly appreciated nuclear export pathway for large macromolecular machineries, including those assembled to allow co‐regulation of functionally related components, that bypasses canonical nuclear export through nuclear pores. In this pathway, large macromolecular complexes are enveloped by the inner nuclear membrane, transverse the perinuclear space, and then exit through the outer nuclear membrane to release its contents into the cytoplasm. NE‐budding is a conserved process and shares many features with nuclear egress mechanisms used by herpesviruses. Despite its biological importance and clinical relevance, little is yet known about the regulatory and structural machineries that allow NE‐budding to occur in any system. Here we summarize what is currently known or proposed for this intriguing nuclear export process.
Telomeres cooperate with the nuclear envelope to maintain genome stability
Authors: Rai Rekha , Sodeinde Tori , Boston Ava , Chang Sandy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMammalian telomeres have evolved safeguards to prevent their recognition as DNA double‐stranded breaks by suppressing the activation of various DNA sensing and repair proteins. We have shown that the telomere‐binding proteins TRF2 and RAP1 cooperate to prevent telomeres from undergoing aberrant homology‐directed recombination by mediating t‐loop protection. Our recent findings also suggest that mammalian telomere‐binding proteins interact with the nuclear envelope to maintain chromosome stability. RAP1 interacts with nuclear lamins through KU70/KU80, and disruption of RAP1 and TRF2 function result in nuclear envelope rupture, promoting telomere‐telomere recombination to form structures termed ultrabright telomeres. In this review, we discuss the importance of the interactions between shelterin components and the nuclear envelope to maintain telomere homeostasis and genome stability.
Bayesian dose escalation with overdose and underdose control utilizing all toxicities in Phase I/II clinical trials
Authors: Tu Jieqi , Chen Zhengjia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEscalation with overdose control (EWOC) is a commonly used Bayesian adaptive design, which controls overdosing risk while estimating maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in cancer Phase I clinical trials. In 2010, Chen and his colleagues proposed a novel toxicity scoring system to fully utilize patients’ toxicity information by using a normalized equivalent toxicity score (NETS) in the range 0 to 1 instead of a binary indicator of dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Later in 2015, by adding underdosing control into EWOC, escalation with overdose and underdose control (EWOUC) design was proposed to guarantee patients the minimum therapeutic effect of drug in Phase I/II clinical trials. In this paper, the EWOUC‐NETS design is developed by integrating the advantages of EWOUC and NETS in a Bayesian context. Moreover, both toxicity response and efficacy are treated as continuous variables to maximize trial efficiency. The dose escalation decision is based on the posterior distribution of both toxicity and efficacy outcomes, which are recursively updated with accumulated data. We compare the operation characteristics of EWOUC‐NETS and existing methods through simulation studies under five scenarios. The study results show that EWOUC‐NETS design treating toxicity and efficacy outcomes as continuous variables can increase accuracy in identifying the optimized utility dose (OUD) and provide better therapeutic effects.
Site specific insertion of a transgene into the murine α‐casein (CSN1S1) gene results in the predictable expression of a recombinant protein in milk
Authors: Knowles Christopher , Petrie Linda , Warren Claire , Lillico Simon G. , Carlisle Ailsa , Whitelaw C. Bruce A. , Kolb Andreas F. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGene loci of highly expressed genes provide ideal sites for transgene expression. Casein genes are highly expressed in mammals leading to the synthesis of substantial amounts of casein proteins in milk. The α‐casein (CSN1S1) gene has assessed as a site of transgene expression in transgenic mice and a mammary gland cell line. A transgene encoding an antibody light chain gene (A1L) was inserted into the α‐casein gene using sequential homologous and site‐specific recombination. Expression of the inserted transgene is directed by the α‐casein promoter, is responsive to lactogenic hormone activation, leads to the synthesis of a chimeric α‐casein/A1L transgene mRNA, and secretion of the recombinant A1L protein into milk. Transgene expression is highly consistent in all transgenic lines, but lower than that of the α‐casein gene (4%). Recombinant A1L protein accounted for 0.5% and 1.6% of total milk protein in heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice, respectively. The absence of the α‐casein protein in homozygous A1L transgenic mice leads to a reduction of total milk protein and delayed growth of the pups nursed by these mice. Overall, the data demonstrate that the insertion of a transgene into a highly expressed endogenous gene is insufficient to guarantee its abundant expression.
Prediction and analysis of quality markers for Chuantieling gel patches based on HPLC fingerprinting and network pharmacology
Authors: Du Lixin , Lu Huiling , Xiao Yifei , Guo Zhihua , Li Ya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Chuantieling gel patch (CGP), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, is an external treatment for asthma. It has shown remarkable effectiveness in alleviating asthma‐related airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Nevertheless, there is currently no information available regarding the analysis of quality markers for CGP, and there is a need for further improvement in quality control research. In this study, we developed an HPLC fingerprinting method for CGP and conducted a comprehensive methodological investigation. We assessed the similarity among 10 batches of CGP, identified common peaks, and quantified the content of seven major quality markers. Furthermore, we built a network pharmacology–based ‘active ingredients–targets–pathways–diseases’ network to forecast the potential mechanisms of action for the primary active components in asthma treatment. Our findings demonstrated that the developed CGP fingerprinting and content determination methods were consistent and trustworthy. We verified the existence of 25 shared peaks and successfully identified 7 chromatographic peaks, including sinigrin thiocyanate, ephedrine hydrochloride, methyleugenol, imperatorin, cinnamaldehyde, emodin, and 6‐gingerol, using reference standards. The network pharmacology analysis suggested that these seven active components may target proteins such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), MAPK3 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase 3), and TP53 (tumor protein P53) and influence various diseases through pathways including cancer pathways, hepatitis B, and PI3K–Akt (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–protein kinase B) signaling. This study provides insight into the complex multicomponent composition of CGP, and the predictive analysis through network pharmacology sets the stage for uncovering the mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of CGP.
Chromatographic assessment of biodiesel production from Peganum harmala seed oil using environmentally benign nano‐catalysts
Authors: Alhomaidi Eman , Aljabri Maha , Alsharari Salam S. , Alsam Amani 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work gives a comprehensive chromatographic assessment of biodiesel generation from plant seed oil using ecologically friendly nano‐catalysts. Researchers all over the world are actively looking for new ways to satisfy the urgent need for clean and renewable energy sources. The resultant biodiesel was fully characterized utilizing modern techniques like scanning electron microscopy, energy diffraction X‐ray and X‐ray diffraction. The biodiesel gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed four significant peaks of fatty acid methyl esters, indicating high‐quality biodiesel production. Furthermore, the biodiesel fuel qualities were discovered to be comparable with international standards such as ASTM D‐6571 and EN‐14214. This indicates that the iron‐modified clay nano‐catalyst can be used as a catalyst for large‐scale biodiesel production. This work is important because it could lead to the large‐scale production of a novel, non‐food feedstock. We may lessen our reliance on fossil fuels and contribute to a more sustainable and ecologically friendly energy future by leveraging the usage of biodiesel produced in this way. The chromatographic assessment of biodiesel production from non‐edible seed oil using environmentally benign nano‐catalysts holds significant promise in advancing sustainable and eco‐friendly biodiesel production methods, contributing to a cleaner and more environmentally responsible energy sector.
Optimization of Methanolysis of Used Cooking Oil by the Taguchi Experimental Design Approach
Authors: Sikiru Yusuff Adeyinka , Aka Peace Otaoghene , Igbafe Anselm Iuebego 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study was to look into the catalytic activity of KOH‐modified CaO from eggshell as catalyst for the optimization of biodiesel production from used cooking oil (UCO), applying the Taguchi approach. The strong base catalyst (K/CE) was formulated by doping KOH on calcined chicken eggshell at various quantities (0–2.5 g), where 2 g of KOH doped on 5 g of calcined eggshell (2K/CE) and recalcined at 400 °C was found to represent the best catalyst formulation conditions. The optimal catalyst resulted in the maximum UCO biodiesel (UCOB) yield of 91.92 % at 70 °C for 1 h, using a 2K/CE dosage of 0.5 wt % and a methanol/UCO molar ratio of 15:1. The physicochemical properties of the optimal UCOB sample were in accordance with ASTM D6751 specifications, and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of methyl esters at an amount of 97.65 wt %.