bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
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Hippapai
!” Horse-Carriers: A Master Ship of Ancient Thalassocracies
Authors: Nantet Emmanuel 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Most powerful ancient navies included a type of ship that conveyed cavalry known as hippagogos – a master weapon of all sea powers – to carry out their expeditions overseas. Ancient thalassocracies understood that their dominion depended not only on fighting ships. Cavalry was necessary for victory on land and was thus a necessary component of their maritime strategy. Control of Mediterranean waters necessitated the construction of horse-carriers that provided much needed auxiliary support to the fleet. Although a naval force might include only a few of these vessels, their role was essential, and for this reason they were part of every significant fleet. Only sea powers with large resources and advanced nautical skills could commission horse-transports, which were old warships that had been transformed. This investigation traces the evolution in the use of vessels conveying cavalry from Persian expeditions in the Aegean to the Battle of Actium. The study considers the literary and epigraphic sources evidencing them in order to emphasize their continued importance for the evolution of naval warfare throughout antiquity. Athenian horse-carriers are the best documented examples and are considered the most extensively, even though many other powers used these kinds of vessels. At the peak of their maritime empire, the Athenian employed horse-carriers on multiple occasions against their enemies. The city-state was renowned for them to the extent that Aristophanes dedicated a comedic episode to them in his play Knights, which indicates the great interest of elites in these vessels. The article also reassesses the role of the cavalrymen who played pivotal roles in the expeditions of all maritime empires in antiquity.
Gli «amici» e i «compagni» del re: élites militari macedoni e persiane nel loro contesto sociale
Authors: Ferrari Marco F. 
Published: November 2023

Riassunto
I rapporti tra il regno di Macedonia e l’impero achemenide rappresentano un tema molto dibattuto negli studi storici. Normalmente si è propensi a ritenere che il primo sia stato influenzato dal secondo sotto vari aspetti (sociale, militare, ideologico). Se questi rapporti ebbero certamente una grande spinta dopo la spedizione asiatica di Alessandro Magno, ben più difficile è capire la portata del modello achemenide sulla Macedonia prima di allora. Il presente contributo vuole analizzare questo tema dal punto di vista delle strutture militari, segnatamente dei reparti d’élites: partendo dal fondamentale contributo di Dietmar Kienast, si passeranno al vaglio le fonti antiche sugli eserciti persiano e macedone prima di Alessandro Magno per valutare la loro eventuale compatibilità in termini sociali, ossia la corrispondenza di reparti militari d’élite a gruppi sociali definibili come ‹aristocratici›. Se quest’ultimo scenario si rivela effettivamente applicabile al mondo persiano, il contesto macedone tra VI e IV sec. a.C. appare meno articolato e, soprattutto, mancante di strutture aristocratiche istituzionalizzate anche a livello militare. Si tenterà infine di mostrare come molte delle somiglianze tra esercito macedone e persiano siano realmente suggerite dalle fonti antiche post-alessandrine, le quali tuttavia proiettano sulla Macedonia tardo-arcaica e classica alcune delle caratteristiche proprie dell’impero che sarà conquistato da Alessandro Magno.
Presbeis Autokratores:
A Study in Ancient Greek Diplomacy and Constitutional Law
Authors: Harris Edward 
Published: November 2023

Summary
This essay analyzes the term presbeis autokratores found in historical sources and in inscriptions. Previous scholars have not been able to give a consistent account of the term, which appears to vary in meaning. The analysis starts by examining the use of the term autokrator as applied to officials and public bodies and shows that the term refers to different special powers granted to officials, which are specified in each case but which may vary according to circumstances. The rest of the essay analyzes the use of the term and shows that presbeis autokratores were either sent to start negotiations with the power to receive proposals from a foreign state and to bring them back for ratification or to swear the oaths to a treaty the community had already decided to accept. The term is never found in multilateral negotiations. The use of the term in the speech ‘On the Peace’ attributed to Andocides is inconsistent with its use in the Classical and Hellenistic period, which provides additional evidence against the authenticity of this speech.
Argivi, Persiani o Spartani? Gli
Eraclidi
di Euripide e le ‘storie intenzionali’ ateniesi
Authors: Valle Salazar Luca 
Published: November 2023

Riassunto
Questo articolo discute l’immagine degli Argivi negli Eraclidi di Euripide, nonché il ruolo del dramma nella costruzione dell’identità della polis ateniese attraverso l’uso delle sue memorie collettive. Euristeo e gli Argivi rappresentano l’‘altro’ nella struttura drammatica, e nello specifico potevano rievocare la memoria dei Persiani di Dario e di Serse. In ultima analisi, in questo modo il dramma contribuisce a costruire una ‘storia intenzionale’ ateniese attraverso diverse dimensioni temporali (il passato del mito, il passato recente della polis, il suo presente e il suo futuro).
TheXXviri ex senatus consulto rei publicae curandaeof 238. A Note on Senatorial Resistance against a Tyrannicalhostis publicusthat Recalls Rome’s Republican Constitution
Authors: Hächler Nikolas 
Published: November 2023

SummaryTheXXviri ex senatus consulto rei publicae curandaeplayed a decisive role in the civil war between Maximinus Thrax and the senate in 238. This note examines the actions of the extraordinary committee and interprets them against the backdrop of the reception of constitutional thought rooted in that, which was perceived as traditional political ideals of the Roman Republic during the Principate. The study will first look at the roots of the conflicts between Maximinus Thrax and theordo senatorius, followed by an analysis of the origins and tasks of theXXviri together with their political goals and possible republicanexempla. Finally, there will be observations on thevigintivirate’s significance and role after the senate’s triumph over its enemy. In doing so, this contribution will emphasize the importance of republican constitutional thought in times of crisis for the continued existence of theres publica romanaunder the Principate.
A scalable and durable polydimethylsiloxane-coated nanoporous polyethylene textile for daytime radiative cooling
Authors: Wang Tong , Wu Xinyu , Zhu Qian , Chen Yinggang , Zhang Shuqi , Gu Min , Zhang Yinan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radiative cooling technology with zero-energy consumption and zero-carbon emission has drawn enormous attention. However, the high-cost manufacture, limited scalability, and narrow application scopes remain major impediments to radiative cooling commercialization. Here, we present a bilayer PDMS/nanoPE fabricated by an automatic film applicator for high-performance passive daytime radiative cooling. The nanoPE underlayer maximizes the reflection of sunlight and the transparent PDMS top-layer dramatically enhances the infrared emissivity of pristine nanoPE across the atmospheric transparency window (∆E
8–13 μm = 0.85). The obtained PDMS/nanoPE simultaneously allows a high solar reflectance of 0.94 and a thermal emittance of 0.94, enabling a sub-ambient cooling of 4.5 °C with a maximum of 7.6 °C in rooftop test and a theoretical net cooling power of 65 W/m2. A distinct temperature reduction of more than 10 °C can be achieved in comparison with pristine PDMS film. Integration of the hydrophobicity, durability, robust mechanical strength, and industrial scalability, we believe this work will provide practical and efficient solutions to cooling vehicles, buildings, and the human body in a simple and low-cost manner.
Review of the sol–gel method in preparing nano TiO2 for advanced oxidation process
Authors: Chang Cheng , Rad Saeed , Gan Lei , Li Zitao , Dai Junfeng , Shahab Asfandyar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Application of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) in various fields such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) has led to the development of its preparation technologies. The sol–gel process is a widely used chemical wet method for preparing nanoscale TiO2 gels. This technique offers numerous advantages, such as the potential to produce large quantities of homogeneous materials with high purity, surface area, porosity, and reactivity, as well as being cost-effective, simple to implement, and capable of controlling the size and shape of the resulting particles. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the chemicals, reaction conditions, and procedures required for preparing nano TiO2 using the sol–gel method. It covers the selection of necessary compounds, such as TiO2 precursors, solvents, hydrolysis agents, and additives, along with their composition and sequences of adding, reaction order, and impact on the final product. Additionally, it provides detailed information on the routes of gel formation and ambient conditions, including temperature, humidity, stirring speed, injection rates of compounds, aging process, and storage conditions. This information serves as a basic reference for understanding the sol–gel process and the relative contribution rates of the influencing factors, which is essential for controlling the size, morphology, crystallinity, and other physicochemical properties of the resulting TiO2 gel/powder for targeted applications.
DFT, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of 2-imino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine hydrochloride and its activity againstBacillus pasteurii urease
Authors: Karthikeyan Ammasai , Muthukkumar Manickam , Nagaraj Karuppiah , Edozie Otuokere Ifeanyi , Suganya Suresh , Kaliyaperumal Raja , Kamalesu Subramaniam , Govindasamy Chandramohan , Sivakumar Allur Subramaniyan , Kandasamy Manikandan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccording to reports, the bioactive thiourea derivative was prepared from the ethanol solutions of thiourea and chloro acetic acid in a 1:1 M ratio. DFT calculations of 2-Imino-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine hydrochloride (IOTH) were performed with the use of B3LYP and the 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set. Frontier molecular orbitals, mapped electrostatic potential (MEP) map, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the IOTH were all assessed. The compound was tested for drug-likeness using Swiss ADME. UsingB. pasteurii(PDB ID: 4UBP), calculations for molecular docking were then performed on the geometry-optimized structure. In order to determine the complex’s stability and the interactions between ligands and the receptor, the complex was subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. According to the results, the first hyperpolarizability value (β0) was 7.459 × 10−24 esu. The large first hyper polarization rate theoretically supported its use in the design of NLO materials. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap value of the IOTH was found to be 2.87 eV. The small HOMO–LUMO energy gap suggested that IOTH is a soft molecule with a high degree of chemical reactivity but poor kinetic stability. The molecular docking study showed that the best ligand pose energy for the IOTH was −101.35 kcal/mol whereas the standard drug (acetohydroxamic acid) was −64.29 kcal/mol. The results demonstrated that the ligand–receptor complex remained stable during the MD simulations due to high binding affinity toBacillus pasteurii urease. The Lipinski Rule of Five was not violated in any way in the studied compound. This demonstrated that it is bioavailable. During clinical trials, the compound attrition rates would be lower, and the drug would have a better chance of being commercialized.
Realineamiento electoral y coaliciones dominantes. Revisando el comportamiento electoral en Aguascalientes desde la política intrapartidista estatal entre 1980 y 2010.
Authors: Martínez Valdés Gustavo , Bravo Ahuja Ma. Marcela 
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en presentar un acercamiento a la vida de los principales partidos políticos en Aguascalientes con el fin de identificar la configuración de sus coaliciones dominantes, así como los momentos de confrontación y disputa interna, para, al final, aportar elementos para reflexionar sobre el comportamiento del voto en la entidad. El comportamientoelectoral del estado de Aguascalientes ha permitido observar el tránsito de una era caracterizada por el dominio de un partido político, el Partido Revolucionario Institucional, hacia otra en donde, bajo condiciones de competencia, se comenzaría la consolidación del panismo y, posteriormente, hacia otra fase donde se intensificó la pluralización de las fuerzas partidistas en la entidad. Tras revisar la vida interna del PAN y el PRI en las eras referidas se encontraron momentos de fuerte confrontación interna que llevaron a la fraccionalización e inestabilidad al interior de las coaliciones dominantes de ambos partidos, en donde cada fractura registrada entre los grupos partidistas ocurrió previo a momentos un fuerte incremento en la volatilidad electoral.Palabras clave: Realineamiento electoral, elecciones críticas, coalición dominante, fracciones, conflicto.
The Use of Global Positioning Systems Devices to Measure Maximum Velocity in Field-Based Team Sport Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Zabaloy Santiago , Freitas Tomás T. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , White Ryan , Collins Neil , Ramírez-López Carlos , Pereira Lucas A. , Loturco Irineu 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The maximum velocity achieved during sprinting is a crucial aspect in various sports. Therefore, practitioners use various devices, such as laser or radar guns, timing gates (TG), and global positioning systems (GPS), to assess sprint performance. Although high-speed cameras are considered the most accurate equipment for assessing maximum velocity (V
max), TG are more commonly used because of their practicality and affordability. Recently, GPS technology has gained attention from the sport science community, primarily because of its applied characteristics, enabling “in situ” data exploration. However, there is currently no consensus on the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of GPS in field-based team sports not only for measuring V
max but also for tracking potential changes in sprint performance. We thoroughly examined the existing literature on the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of GPS technology for measuring V
max, with a specific emphasis on its application in team sports. Furthermore, we offer a comprehensive discussion on the capability of these devices to assess potential variations in V
max. By synthesizing current research findings, this narrative review sheds light on the strengths and limitations of GPS devices for assessing V
max in field-based team sport athletes.
A Systematic Review of Challenges Experienced by Cross Border Investments in Developing Countries. A Case of Multinational Companies Expanding into The African Region
Authors: Katoma Tatenda , Qutieshat Abubaker 
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a systematic review of challenges faced by multinational companies in developing countries, in particular the African region. This paper review relevant literature aimed at addressing the research question: “What are the challenges faced by cross border investments as they expand into Africa? The paper discusses the findings and proposes various recommendations to the challenges with the aim of improving the investment environment in developing countries to boost economic activity. Major challenges identified to be impacting cross border investments in developing countries are Political environment, regulatory environment, diversity and multicultural challenges, Leadership, Governance and Economic environment. For the purposes of literature review, the term cross border investments may be interchanged with Multinational Companies. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for future research.
Implementation of Safety Management of Selected Construction Companies in Manila
Authors: Carolino Reynaldo C. , Bernabe Guillermo O. , Bianes Joseph Raniel 
Published: November 2023

In the 1980s, the safety management system (SMS) was created to reduce material waste and the risk of accidents and fatalities in the construction industry. With the correct SMS deployment, construction companies can reduce safety-related difficulties. This study assessed the current status of construction safety management intending to determine the level of implementation of selected construction companies with category AAA in Manila, Philippines. A survey was done to determine the SMS implementation level in terms of lack of control, basic cause, immediate cause, incident, and accident. The researcher used the quantitative method of research with the survey questionnaire as the main tool in gathering data. Architects, engineers, safety officers, and skilled workers were the respondents of the study. The gathered data were statistically treated with the use of Frequency, Percentage, Weighted Mean, Kruskal Wallis, Man Whitney U-test, and Spearman Rho Correlation. The overall results showed that the level of the selected construction companies in Manila is somewhat implemented. The results of this study are helpful to the industry as well because they can improve the understanding of SMS among industry professionals and aid in better SMS deployment at work.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and depression in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cojocaru Cristiana Manuela , Popa Cosmin Octavian , Schenk Alina , Suciu Bogdan Andrei , Szasz Simona 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Defined by chronic, musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia is often comorbid with depression and anxiety. In these cases, the first line medical treatment can be successfully combined with psychological interventions. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are among the most widely studied approaches in relation to chronic pain, including fibromyalgia. The objective of this review is to analyze the efficiency of these psychological treatments for alleviating emotional distress in fibromyalgia.
Method. The search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science online databases. Clinical trials that fulfilled eligibility criteria were included in this review. A meta-analysis was performed on depression and anxiety scores at post-test. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi2 and I2 indicators. For evaluating publication bias, we resorted to a funnel plot graph.
Results. A total of 17 reports were selected, among which 4 articles studied the efficiency of acceptance and commitment therapy. Main demographic characteristics were homogenous throughout the included samples. The overall effect was -0.31 (95% CI: -0.47 to -0.15) for depression, and -0.15 (95%: -0.29 to -0.02), reaching statistical significance.
Conclusions. Both psychological interventions proved to be efficient for decreasing depression and anxiety in fibromyalgia. For this reason, we believe psychotherapeutic protocols can be reliably implemented within multicomponent treatments, facilitating emotional adjustment in the context of physical disability and pain. Future research directions include the exploration of change processes and multiple moderators, enabling the development of tailored psychological treatments in fibromyalgia.
Umbilical Cord Milking Versus Delayed Cord Clamping in Infants 28 to 32 Weeks: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Katheria Anup , Szychowski Jeff , Carlo Waldemar A , Subramaniam Akila , Reister Frank , Essers Jochen , Vora Farha , Martin Courtney , Schmölzer Georg M. , Law Brenda , Dempsey Eugene , O’Donoghue Keelin , Kaempf Joseph , Tomlinson Mark , Fulford Kevin , Folsom Bergen , Karam Simon , Morris Rachael , Yanowitz Toby , Beck Stacy , Clark Erin , DuPont Tara , Biniwale Manoj , Ramanathan Rangasamy , Bhat Shazia , Hoffman Matthew , Chouthai Nitin , Bany-Mohammed Fayez , Mydam Janardhan , Narendran Vivek , Wertheimer Fiona , Gollin Yvonne , Vaucher Yvonne , Arnell Kathy , Varner Michael , Cutter Gary , Wilson Nicole , Rich Wade ,   RRT, Finer Neil 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether rate of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or death among preterm infants receiving placental transfusion with UCM is noninferior to delayed cord clamping (DCC).

METHODS
Noninferiority randomized controlled trial comparing UCM versus DCC in preterm infants born 28 to 32 weeks recruited between June 2017 through September 2022 from 19 university and private medical centers in 4 countries. The primary outcome was Grade III/IV IVH or death evaluated at a 1% noninferiority margin.

RESULTS
Among 1019 infants (UCM n = 511 and DCC n = 508), all completed the trial from birth through initial hospitalization (mean gestational age 31 weeks, 44% female). For the primary outcome, 7 of 511 (1.4%) infants randomized to UCM developed severe IVH or died compared to 7 of 508 (1.4%) infants randomized to DCC (rate difference 0.01%, 95% confidence interval: (−1.4% to 1.4%), P = .99).

CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized controlled trial of UCM versus DCC among preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks’ gestation, there was no difference in the rates of severe IVH or death. UCM may be a safe alternative to DCC in premature infants born at 28 to 32 weeks who require resuscitation.
CuBr2 ЯК БРОМУЮЧИЙ АГЕНТ ПІРАЗОЛЬНИХ ЛІГАНДІВ: СИНТЕЗ КООРДИНАЦІЙНИХ СПОЛУК КУПРУМУ(ІІ) ШЛЯХОМ ОКИСНОГО РОЗЧИНЕННЯ МІДНОГО ПОРОШКУ В ОРГАНІЧНИХ РОЗЧИННИКАХ
Authors: Виноградов Олександр С. , Давиденко Юлія М. , Павленко Вадим О. , Наумова Діна Д. , Фрицький Ігор О. , Шова Сергій , Присяжна Олена В. 
Published: November 2023

Методом прямого синтезу – окисним розчиненням мідного порошку в присутності CuBr2 і C5H8N2 (3,5-диметил-1H-піразол) було виділено та ідентифіковано три різні типи кристалів. Отримано три нові координаційні спо-луки, а саме триядерну [Cu3(µ3-OH)(µ2-C5H7N2Br)(µ2-Br)3(C5H8N2)5Br]·CHCl3 (де C5H7N2Br – 4-бром-3,5-диметил-піразол) (1) (орторомбічна, Pnma) біядерну [Cu2(µ2-C5H7N2Br)(µ2-Br)(C5H8N2)4Br2]·2CHCl3 (2) (моноклінна, C2/c) та моноядерну [CuBr2(C5H8N2)3] (3) (триклінна, P ). Згідно з результатами рентгеноструктурного ана-лізу, комплекс 1 є триядерним шестичленним циклом, де атоми купруму з’єднані між собою трьома типами містків: μ2-бромід-іонами, молекулою μ2-4-бром-3,5-диметилпіразолу та μ3-гідроксогрупою. Біядерний комп-лекс 2 формується сполученням двох атомів купруму бідентатно-містковим бромід-іоном та містковою моле-кулою бромованого у 4-е положення 3,5-диметилпіразолу. Координаційна сполука 3 є моноядерним триго-нально-біпірамідальним комплексом купруму(II). Відбулося бромування певної частини молекул 3,5-диме-тилпіразолу в 4-е положення піразольного кільця. Згідно з результатами аналізу поверхні Хіршфельда, між-молекулярні контакти H···H мають найбільший внесок у кристалічну упаковку всіх сполук: 66.9 % для 1, 54.4 % для 2 і 66.5 % для 3.
ЕЛЕКТРОННО-КАТАЛІТИЧНА ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЯ ГОРІННЯ ТВЕРДОГО ПАЛИВА.
Authors: Вязовик Віталій М. 
Published: November 2023

Вугілля – найдоступніший енергоресурс, і його споживання збільшується з кожним роком. Запаси вугілля, на відміну від нафти і газу, великі, але не безкінечні. Тому вже зараз стає питання про створення технологій, які б дозволили зменшити витрати вугілля в процесі збереження, а, за можливості, і збільшили кількість енергії його спалення. Для цього пропонується використання спрямованої дії штучно створеної низькотемпературної плазми з упорядкованим рухом «повільних» електронів. Як джерело «повільних» електронів використаний діелектричний бар’єрний розряд. Це дозволяє зменшити витрати вугілля до 20 % за витрат електроенергії 25–30 Вт·год на 1 кг вугілля і збільшити утворення летких сполук – для антрациту до 13.42 %, для газового вугілля до 24.9 %.