bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cpt1a silencing in AgRP neurons improves cognitive and physical capacity and promotes healthy aging in male mice
Authors: Ibeas Kevin , Griñán‐Ferré Christian , del Mar Romero Maria , Sebastián David , Bastías‐Pérez Marianela , Gómez Roberto , Soler‐Vázquez M. Carmen , Zagmutt Sebastián , Pallás Mercè , Castell Margarida , Belsham Denise D. , Mera Paula , Herrero Laura , Serra Dolors 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrexigenic neurons expressing agouti‐related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are activated in response to dynamic variations in the metabolic state, including exercise. We previously observed that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A), a rate‐limiting enzyme of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, is a key factor in AgRP neurons, modulating whole‐body energy balance and fluid homeostasis. However, the effect of CPT1A in AgRP neurons in aged mice and during exercise has not been explored yet. We have evaluated the physical and cognitive capacity of adult and aged mutant male mice lacking Cpt1a in AgRP neurons (Cpt1a KO). Adult Cpt1a KO male mice exhibited enhanced endurance performance, motor coordination, locomotion, and exploration compared with control mice. No changes were observed in anxiety‐related behavior, cognition, and muscle strength. Adult Cpt1a KO mice showed a reduction in gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle mass. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of these muscles were smaller than those of control mice displaying a myofiber remodeling from type II to type I fibers. In aged mice, changes in myofiber remodeling were maintained in Cpt1a KO mice, avoiding loss of physical capacity during aging progression. Additionally, aged Cpt1a KO mice revealed better cognitive skills, reduced inflammation, and oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. In conclusion, CPT1A in AgRP neurons appears to modulate health and protects against aging. Future studies are required to clarify whether CPT1A is a potential antiaging candidate for treating diseases affecting memory and physical activity.
Placing constraints on the nature of short‐term eustatic curves
Authors: Davies Andrew , Simmons Michael D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe isolation of the eustatic signal from the sedimentary record is a challenging task, and accordingly, there is no consensus on the magnitude and pace (rate) of eustatic events in the geological record. Here we critically assess various published short‐term Cretaceous eustatic curves using insights from forward stratigraphic modelling. We generate a range of simulations with varying eustatic rates and sediment supply against a background of constant subsidence. From these, we generate statistics on the accommodation change associated with the various systems tracts for different sediment supply. We quantify the minimum rate needed to generate transgressive systems tracts (TST). Using this threshold and average subsidence rates for passive margins and intracratonic basins, we document some key challenges with a range of Cretaceous eustatic curves. While it is possible to complexify, this approach through the inclusion of other parameters, our results provide a framework for evaluating eustatic (or relative sea level) curves in terms of the implied rate of change of accommodation. Given these caveats, we also show that many estimates of the magnitude of short‐term transgressions are of insufficient rate to generate observable TST. Further, our work places an upper limit on the time frame over which aquifer and thermo‐eustasy can have observable impacts on the rock record, providing support for the action of glacio‐eustasy during the Cretaceous.
The current role and future potential of digital diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry: A scoping review
Authors: Fuglsig João Marcus de Carvalho e Silva , Reis Isabella Neme Ribeiro dos , Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Bornstein Michael M. , Spin‐Neto Rubens 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesDiagnostic imaging is crucial for implant dentistry. This review provides an up‐to‐date perspective on the application of digital diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in PubMed focusing on the question ‘when (and why) do we need diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry?’ The search results were summarised to identify different applications of digital diagnostic imaging in implant dentistry.ResultsThe most used imaging modalities in implant dentistry include intraoral periapical radiographs, panoramic views and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). These are dependent on acquisition standardisation to optimise image quality. Particularly for CBCT, other technical parameters (i.e., tube current, tube voltage, field‐of‐view, voxel size) are relevant minimising the occurrence of artefacts. There is a growing interest in digital workflows, integrating diagnostic imaging and automation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been incorporated into these workflows and is expected to play a significant role in the future of implant dentistry. Preliminary evidence supports the use of ionising‐radiation‐free imaging modalities (e.g., MRI and ultrasound) that can add value in terms of soft tissue visualisation.ConclusionsDigital diagnostic imaging is the sine qua non in implant dentistry. Image acquisition protocols must be tailored to the patient's needs and clinical indication, considering the trade‐off between radiation exposure and needed information. growing evidence supporting the benefits of digital workflows, from planning to execution, and the future of implant dentistry will likely involve a synergy between human expertise and AI‐driven intelligence. Transiting into ionising‐radiation‐free imaging modalities is feasible, but these must be further developed before clinical implementation.
How to Tell a Dualist?
Authors: Berent Iris 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPeople exhibit conflicting intuitions concerning the mind/body links. Here, I explore a novel explanation for these inconsistencies: Dualism is a violable constraint that interacts with Essentialism. Two experiments probe these interactions. In Experiment 1, participants evaluated the emergence of psychological traits in either a replica of one's body, or in the afterlife—after the body's demise. In line with Dualism, epistemic (i.e., disembodied) traits (e.g., knowing the contrast between good/bad) were considered more likely to emerge (relative to sensorimotor/affective traits) only in the afterlife. However, so were innate traits (in line with Essentialism). To further gauge Essentialism, Experiment 2 presented the same traits to innateness judgments. Here, sensorimotor/affective (i.e., embodied) traits were considered more likely to be innate, suggesting that innateness intuitions are informed by embodiment. Moreover, innateness judgments (in Experiment 2) and embodiment intuitions (in Experiment 1) correlated. These results suggest that Dualism tacitly constrains reasoning about one's innate origins and its persistence after death. But since Dualism is “soft” and interacts with Essentialism, supernatural intuitions are chimeric, not purely ethereal.
Donor‐derived endemic mycoses after solid organ transplantation: A review of reported cases
Authors: Abad Cybele Lara R. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDonor‐derived endemic mycoses are infrequently reported. We summarized the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these infections to provide guidance to transplant clinicians.MethodsMultiple databases were reviewed from inception through May 31, 2023 using endemic fungi as key words (e.g., Coccidioides, histoplasma, blastomyces, talaromyces, paracoccidioides). Only donor‐derived infections (DDI) were included.ResultsTwenty‐four cases of DDI were identified from 18 published reports; these included 16 coccidioidomycosis, seven histoplasmosis, and one talaromycosis. No cases of blastomycosis and paracoccidiodomycosis were published. The majority were male (17/24,70.8%). Half of the cases were probable (12/24, 50%), seven were possible (29.2%), and only five were proven DDI (20.8%). Donor‐derived coccidioidomycosis were observed in kidney (n = 11), lung (n = 6), liver (n = 3), heart (n = 2) and combined SOT recipients (1 KP, 1 KL) at a median time of .9 (range .2–35) months after transplantation. For histoplasmosis, the majority were kidney recipients (6 of 7 cases) at a median onset of 8 (range .4–48) months after transplantation. The single reported possible donor‐derived talaromycosis occurred in a man whose organ donor had at‐risk travel to Southeast Asia. Collectively, the majority of donors had high‐risk exposure to Coccidioides (9/11) or Histoplasma sp. (6/6). Most donor‐derived endemic mycoses were disseminated (18/24, 75%), and mortality was reported in almost half of recipients (11/24, 45.8%).ConclusionDonor‐derived endemic mycoses are often disseminated and are associated with high mortality. A detailed evaluation of donors for the potential of an undiagnosed fungal infection prior to organ donation is essential to mitigate the risk of these devastating infections.
Review of the role of biofilms in equine wounds: Clinical indications and treatment strategies
Authors: Marchant Kara , Hendrickson Dean A. , Pezzanite Lynn M. 
Published: November 2023

SummaryRecognition of the role that biofilms play in the persistence of wounds and lack of response to therapy in horses is increasing. Prevention of biofilm development in the early stages of wound care involves three primary strategies: wound debridement and cleansing to reduce bacterial counts in the wound bed, appropriate use of advanced wound dressings and implementation of topical antimicrobial agents. Once formed, eradication of biofilms requires elimination to improve the wound environment for contraction and epithelialisation while not further harming the native cells integral to the healing process, which is achieved predominantly through repeated lavage and debridement combined with topical antimicrobial therapy. Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus bacterial species have been most commonly identified in equine wounds with delayed healing. This review will establish why and how biofilms form, how to recognise clinical indications that biofilms have formed in equine wounds and review current diagnostic options and biofilm‐based wound care strategies to eradicate biofilms. Clinical scenarios for cases in which biofilms developed and were successfully treated will be presented. This review will advance practitioners' understanding of the presence and role of biofilms in equine wounds and provide an updated summary of recommended treatment strategies.
Electronic music composition thinking using visual learning and visual sensing technology
Authors: Pi Jian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis exploration aims to provide a kind of interactive electronic music composition thinking based on visual learning and visual sensing technology to enhance the thinking process of electronic music composition. Initially, it summarizes the functionalities of the physics components in Unity and analyzes the principles of visual interaction implementation using Virtual Reality (VR) devices and Leap Motion in Unity. Subsequently, the composition of interactive electronic music works is designed and implemented based on ultrasonic sensor technology. Lastly, this exploration focuses on the complete visual design of the audio‐visual integration of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) music to represent Cymatics' images of the emotional content of the music. MIDI data can be assigned to provide various mapping possibilities between images and content in music visualization composition. This exploration also designs experiments based on sensory aftereffects and audio‐visual synesthesia to further determine the counterpoint law between the shape of dynamic Cymatics' images and the timbre's audio‐visual synesthetic results. The results indicate that Bass and Kick are distributed in the mid‐low frequency and sub‐low frequency range (20–160 Hz), Vocal and Lead are distributed in the mid‐high frequency range (1280–2560 Hz), and Hihat is distributed in the high‐frequency range (2560–5120 Hz). This exploration utilizes computer technology to create a music visualization method that conforms to the visual expression and aesthetic style of a multi‐sensory experience.
Trait dimensions of abiotic stress tolerance in woody plants of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Pavanetto Nicola , Carmona Carlos P. , Laanisto Lauri , Niinemets Ülo , Puglielli Giacomo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTrade‐offs among tolerances to different abiotic stressors limit polytolerance in woody plants. However, the general trait syndromes that underlie large‐scale tolerance patterns of woody plants remain controversial. Here, we tested if the leading trait dimensions that define the global spectrum of plant form and function capture the underlying trait trade‐offs limiting woody plant polytolerance.LocationNorthern Hemisphere.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedWoody plants.MethodsWe used a dataset of 779 species to link the trait dimensions defining the global spectrum of plant form and function with two dimensions summarizing tolerance syndromes to drought, shade, cold and waterlogging. Stress tolerance dimensions were a trade‐off between drought and cold/waterlogging tolerance strategies, and a shade tolerance spectrum. Relationships among trait and stress tolerance dimensions were evaluated using general additive models separately for deciduous and evergreen angiosperms, and evergreen gymnosperms.ResultsDrought‐tolerant angiosperms showed greater specific stem density (SSD) and seed mass (SM), and lower specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content per mass (LN), compared to the cold/waterlogging‐tolerant species. Shade‐tolerant angiosperms displayed greater SSD and SM and lower SLA and LN compared to intolerant angiosperms. Highly contrasting trait adaptations also distinguished drought‐ (greater SSD, SM and lower SLA, LN) from shade‐tolerant evergreen gymnosperms.Main ConclusionsThe ‘SSD–SM’ and the ‘SLA–LN’ dimensions mainly distinguish cold or drought‐tolerant woody angiosperms and shade‐ or drought‐tolerant gymnosperms. Our results also support a conservative trait strategy for shade‐tolerant compared to shade‐intolerant species, with some differences between plant functional types probably due to contrasting leaf lifespans. Overall, our findings identify some leading functional constraints on polytolerance in woody plants and provide a framework to integrate additional trait dimensions to fully elucidate such constraints.
Event ethnography: Studying power and politics through events
Authors: Koch Natalie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEvent ethnography is a methodological tool that involves ethnographic research on or at events. “Events” are activities, gatherings, and collective experiences that are limited in time and are highly diverse in their scope, organization, and thematic organization. Because of their temporary nature, events serve as unique venues for the convergence of actors who are usually spatially, temporally, and socially dispersed. Ethnographic research at events thus offers scholars a useful window onto how power relations are formed through the concentrated interaction among individuals, ideas, affects, and infrastructures. This article defines “event ethnography” and surveys the existing literature that examines events through ethnographic research. It suggests that taking events seriously for fieldwork has the potential to open up new questions for political geographers and other scholars interested in power and politics.
Rethinking the dynamic of global production networks: Integrate the influence of suppliers and towards a flexible strategy making causal mechanism
Authors: Zheng Zhi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe global production network (GPN) 2.0 framework mainly considers the organizational capabilities of lead firms, neglecting the influence of supplier capabilities on the strategic making of lead firms. I argue that the GPN 2.0 framework must integrate the influence of supplier capabilities (both industrial and individual firm levels) to better explain the organization of the global economy. Industrial‐level capability determines the possible strategic choices that firms may make under certain dynamic combinations, whereas the individual firm level determines the geographic extension direction of GPNs. Therefore, this study incorporates the influence of suppliers and builds a more flexible strategy‐making causal mechanism other than the definitive and limiting causal mechanism in GPN 2.0. I hope this article can promote the further development of GPN 2.0 and convey some valuable concepts to make it perform better in deconstructing the organization of the global economy in the real world.
Spatial transcriptomics and the anatomical pathologist: Molecular meets morphology
Authors: Pang Jia‐Min B , Byrne David J , Bergin Alice R T , Caramia Franco , Loi Sherene , Gorringe Kylie L , Fox Stephen B 
Published: November 2023

In recent years anatomical pathology has been revolutionised by the incorporation of molecular findings into routine diagnostic practice, and in some diseases the presence of specific molecular alterations are now essential for diagnosis. Spatial transcriptomics describes a group of technologies that provide up to transcriptome‐wide expression profiling while preserving the spatial origin of the data, with many of these technologies able to provide these data using a single tissue section. Spatial transcriptomics allows expression profiling of highly specific areas within a tissue section potentially to subcellular resolution, and allows correlation of expression data with morphology, tissue type and location relative to other structures. While largely still research laboratory‐based, several spatial transcriptomics methods have now achieved compatibility with formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue (FFPE), allowing their use in diagnostic tissue samples, and with further development potentially leading to their incorporation in routine anatomical pathology practice. This mini review provides an overview of spatial transcriptomics methods, with an emphasis on platforms compatible with FFPE tissue, approaches to assess the data and potential applications in anatomical pathology practice.
Probabilistic reaction norm reveals family‐related variation in the association between size, condition, and sexual maturation onset in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Brown Morgan S. , Carvalheiro Roberto , Taylor Richard S. , Mekkawy Wagdy , Luke Timothy D. W. , Rands Lewis , Nieuwesteeg Damien , Evans Brad S. , Wade Nicholas M. , Lind Curtis E. , Hilder Pollyanna E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between the size, condition, year class, family, and sexual maturity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using data collected in an aquaculture selective breeding programme. Males that were sexually mature at 2 years of age (maiden spawn) have, on average, greater fork length and condition factor (K) at 1 year of age than their immature counterparts. For every 10‐mm increase in fork length or 0.1 increase in K at 1 year of age, the odds of sexual maturity at 2 years of age increased by 1.48 or 1.22 times, respectively. Females that were sexually mature at 3 years of age (maiden spawn) have, on average, greater fork length and K at 2 years of age than their immature counterparts. For every 10‐mm increase in fork length or 0.1 increase in K at 2 years of age, the odds of sexual maturity at 3 years of age increased by 1.06 or 1.44 times, respectively. The family explained 34.93% of the variation in sexual maturity among 2‐year‐old males that was not attributable to the average effects of fork length and K at 1 year of age and year class. The proportion of variation in sexual maturity among 3‐year‐old females explained by the family could not be investigated. These findings suggest that the onset of sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon is conditional on performance (with respect to energy availability) surpassing a threshold, the magnitude of which can vary between families and is determined by a genetic component. This could support the application of genetic selection to promote or inhibit the onset of sexual maturation in farmed stocks.
From the disruption of RNA metabolism to the targeting of RNA‐binding proteins: The case of polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias
Authors: Moreira‐Gomes Tiago , Nóbrega Clévio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (PolyQ SCAs) represent a group of monogenetic diseases in which the expanded polyglutamine repeats give rise to a mutated protein. The abnormally expanded polyglutamine protein produces aggregates and toxic species, causing neuronal dysfunction and neuronal death. The main symptoms of these disorders include progressive ataxia, motor dysfunction, oculomotor impairment, and swallowing problems. Nowadays, the current treatments are restricted to symptomatic alleviation, and no existing therapeutic strategies can reduce or stop the disease progression. Even though the origin of these disorders has been associated with polyglutamine‐induced toxicity, RNA toxicity has recently gained relevance in polyQ SCAs molecular pathogenesis. Therefore, the research's focus on RNA metabolism has been increasing, especially on RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs). The present review summarizes RNA metabolism, exposing the different processes and the main RBPs involved. We also explore the mechanisms by which RBPs are dysregulated in PolyQ SCAs. Finally, possible therapies targeting the RNA metabolism are presented as strategies to reverse neuropathological anomalies and mitigate physical symptoms.image
Treating the double chin with hyaluronic acid injection
Authors: Peng Jui‐Hui , Peng Hsien‐Li Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionSubmental fullness (SMF), or the double chin, is a condition regarded as undesirable. Many treatment modalities are available for SMF reduction, such as energy‐based devices, injection lipolysis, or surgery. However, of minimal invasive modalities, hyaluronic acid (HA) injection has not been explored for possible SMF treatment.Case reportA 52‐year‐old East Asian female patient with prominent SMF underwent HA filler injection. Aside from marked reduction of SMF prominence, an improvement of sagging over her cheeks and jawline, and a general improvement to facial aging signs was noted.ConclusionHA filler injections for SMF offer an instant, zero downtime, and safe alternative, and can be considered in patients who wish to simultaneously achieve improvement in other facial areas.