bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and identification of a second form of vitellogenin from ascites of medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with estrogen
Authors: Shimizu Munetaka , Fujiwara Yumi , Fukada Haruhisa , Hara Akihiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEstrogen treatment of medaka leads to accumulation of ascites, in which vitellogenin (Vg) and choriogenins (precursors to vitelline envelope) are abundant. Besides those female‐specific proteins, we detected a new component in ascites that cross‐reacts with antiserum against egg yolk proteins. We tentatively named it egg yolk‐related protein (YRP). YRP was purified from ascites by hydroxylapatite chromatography followed by gel filtration. Purified YRP had a molecular mass of 460kDa in intact state while 570kDa for Vg. The molecular weight of purified YRP on SDS‐PAGE under both reducing and nonreducing conditions was 130kDa. YRP was confirmed to be a lipoglycophosphoprotein by staining with Sudan black, periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and methyl green. Amino acid composition of YRP resembled that of Vg except for a relatively low content of serine. A specific antiserum against YRP was raised in a rabbit. Antiserum against YRP specifically immunostained its antigen but not Vg or choriogenins. YRP was detected as a female‐specific protein in serum of breeding medaka. The antiserum also cross‐reacted with a band at 29kDa in egg extracts, which is not immunoreactive to antiserum against Vg. These data show that YRP is a precursor to some egg yolk proteins with differing antigenicity from Vg (Hamazaki et al. '87). We thus conclude that YRP is a second form of medaka Vg and rename YRP as Vg 2 while formerly reported Vg as Vg 1. J. Exp. Zool. 293:726–735, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tropomyosin isoforms present in the sea anemone, Anthopleura japonica (Anthozoa, Cnidaria)
Authors: Fujinoki Masakatsu , Tomiyama Toshiko , Ishimoda‐Takagi Tadashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFive isoforms of tropomyosin, designated as TMa, TMb, TMc, TMd, and TMe, were detected in the sea anemone, Anthopleura japonica. The apparent molecular weights of these isoforms were estimated to be approximately 30kD to 37.5kD, and their pI values were approximately 4.55 (TMa and TMb) and 4.65 (TMc, TMd, and TMe). Although sea anemone tropomyosin isoforms have the ability to bind to rabbit skeletal muscle actin, they preferably bind to actin at higher concentrations of Mg2+ (10–20 mM) and slightly lower pH (6.2–7.2) than those used in conventional conditions. Antigenic properties of sea anemone tropomyosin seemed to be considerably specific to each isoform. Distribution of tropomyosin isoforms in the sea anemone body was somewhat portion‐specific. TMa, TMb, and TMe were detected similarly in the extracts from tentacle, oral disc, column, mouth, and pedal disc. Although TMc and TMd were detected abundantly in the tentacle extract and moderately in the column and mouth extracts, these components were not contained in the pedal disc extract and detected only faintly in the oral disc extract. J. Exp. Zool. 293:649–663, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of the 48‐kDa G11 protein from guinea pig testes as sperad
Authors: Ilayperuma Isurani 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA protein found specifically in the membrane of spermatozoa called G11 has been implicated in sperm–egg binding and fusion. This study describes purification and identification of the G11 antigen. The G11 protein was purified using anion exchange chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography and preparative SDS‐PAGE and was subjected to amino acid microsequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. Internal amino acid sequence data derived from the 48‐kDa G11 protein revealed that G11 is the recently discovered guinea pig sperm protein, sperad. Sperad is a transmembrane protein present in the periacrosomal plasma membrane of guinea pig sperm. The cytoplasmic domain of sperad was amplified from a guinea pig testes cDNA expression library by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a prokaryotic gene expression vector, pGEX‐2T. The recombinant glutathione S‐transferase fusion protein was immunoblotted with monoclonal antibody G11. The results obtained from this study confirmed the monoclonal antibody G11 epitope location on the cytoplasmic domain of sperad. J. Exp. Zool. 293:617–623, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical properties of the dorsal fin muscle of seahorse (Hippocampus) and pipefish (Syngnathus)
Authors: Ashley‐ross Miriam A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe dorsal and pectoral fins are the primary locomotor organs in seahorses (Hippocampus) and pipefish (Syngnathus). The small dorsal fins beat at high oscillatory frequencies against the viscous medium of water. Both species are able to oscillate their fins at frequencies likely exceeding the point of flicker fusion for their predators, thus enhancing their ability to remain cryptic. High‐speed video demonstrated that seahorse dorsal fins beat at 30–42 Hz, while pipefish dorsal fins oscillate at 13–26 Hz. In both species, the movement of the fin is a sinusoidal wave that travels down the fin from anterior to posterior. Mechanical properties of seahorse and pipefish dorsal fin muscles were tested in vitro by the work loop method. Maximum isometric stress was 176.1 kN/m2 in seahorse and 111.5 kN/m2 in pipefish. Work and power output were examined at a series of frequencies encompassing the range observed in vivo, and at a number of strains (percent length change during a contractile cycle) within each frequency. At a given strain, work per cycle declined with increasing frequency, while power output rose to a maximum at an intermediate frequency and then declined. Frequency and strain interacted in a complex fashion; optimal strain was inversely related to cycle frequency over most of the frequency range tested. Seahorse dorsal fin muscle was able to generate positive work at higher cycling frequencies than pipefish. Both species produced positive work at higher frequencies than have been reported for axial and fin muscles from other fish. J. Exp. Zool. 293:561–577, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of germline chimera in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and proposal of new method for preservation of endangered fish species
Authors: Nakagawa Masahiro , Kobayashi Toru , Ueno Koichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAs part of the technique for preservation of endangered fish species, germline chimeras using the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) model were generated by embryonic cell manipulation. Transplanting cells from early‐stage embryos of a wild‐type strain to the blastoderm of an orange‐type strain generated chimeras. Within three days, many of the resulting individuals exhibited a dark pigment on several parts of their body, characteristic of the donor but not of the orange strain. At one year of age, four chimeras (one female and three males) were pair‐mated with the orange type, and F1 was obtained. One of the four F0 chimeras produced progeny similar to the wild type at a frequency of 0.24% (2/841). The results suggest that this method is a promising technique for the preservation of endangered fish species. J. Exp. Zool. 293:624–631, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple human chromosomes carrying tumor‐suppressor functions for the mouse melanoma cell line B16‐F10, identified by microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer
Authors: Kugoh Hiroyuki , Nakamoto Hiroko , Inoue Jun , Funaki Kenji , Barrett J. Carl , Oshimura Mitsuo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany tumor‐suppressor genes are involved in the development and progression of cellular malignancy. To understand the functional role of tumor‐suppressor genes in melanoma and to identify the human chromosome that carries these genes, we transferred individually each normal human chromosome, except for the Y chromosome, into the mouse melanoma cell line B16‐F10, by microcell fusion. We examined the tumorigenicity of hybrid cells in nude mice and their in vitro growth properties. The introduction of human chromosomes 1 and 2 elicited a remarkable change in cell morphologic features, and cellular senescence was induced at seven to 10 population doublings. The growth rates of tumors derived from microcell hybrid clones containing introduced human chromosome 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, or X were significantly slower than that of the parental B16‐F10 cells, whereas the introduction of other human chromosomes had no effect on the tumorigenicity of these cells. The majority of microcell hybrid clones that exhibited suppressed tumorigenicity also showed a moderate reduction in doubling time compared with B16‐F10 cells. Microcell hybrid clones with an introduced human chromosome 5 showed complete suppression of in vitro–transformed phenotypes, including cell growth, saturation density, and colony‐forming efficiency in soft agar. Thus, these results indicated the presence of many cell senescence–related genes and putative tumor‐suppressor genes for the mouse melanoma cell line B16‐F10 and showed in vitro that many tumor‐suppressor genes control the phenotypes of transformed cells in the multistep process of neoplastic development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of herbal drugs use in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gedif Teferi , Hahn Heinz‐Jurgen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo study the utilization patterns of herbal drug use in urban Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional community‐based survey was conducted in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia, using a pre‐tested semi‐structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to 600 heads of households, largely mothers, selected using a multi‐stage systematic random sampling technique, where the final sampling units were households.ResultsThe prevalence of herbal drugs use was found to be 37%. The main reasons given for choosing herbal medicine as the first line medication option were: dissatisfaction with the services of modern health institutions due to their time consuming nature, cost considerations and perceived efficacy.ConclusionThis study showed that in spite of the geographic accessibility of modern health institutions in urban areas, the use of traditional medicine, particularly herbal drugs, remains a major form of health care option. Hence health planners should give appropriate consideration to this sector. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of lung cancer
Authors: Blackman Janine A. , Coogan Patricia F. , Rosenberg Lynn , Strom Brian L. , Zauber Ann G. , Palmer Julie R. , Langenberg Patricia , Shapiro Samuel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeSome epidemiological data suggest that sex hormones may influence lung cancer risk, and estrogen receptors have been found in human non‐small cell lung tumors. We assessed the relation of the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to the risk of lung cancer in our hospital‐based Case–Control Surveillance Study, conducted in four US centers during 1976 to 2001.MethodsCases were 662 women aged 40 through 74 years with lung cancer and controls were 4671 women admitted for conditions unrelated to ERT use. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ERT use for at least 3 months compared to no use or use for less than 3 months.ResultsThe OR for lung cancer among ERT users was 1.0 (95%CI 0.8–1.4), and it was 1.0 (95%CI 0.7–1.4) among users of conjugated estrogens only. Risk did not increase as the duration of use increased. Odds ratios for specific lung cancer cell types were not significantly increased or decreased for use of ERT or conjugated estrogens. There were non‐significant increases for non‐small cell types other than squamous, but there was no consistent pattern across duration of use.ConclusionOur data do not support an increased risk of lung cancer among women who use ERT. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature and frequency of potential warfarin drug interactions that increase the risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Howard Patricia A. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , Engelman Kimberly K. , Patterson Kelly L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeTo determine the frequency with which atrial fibrillation (AF) patients receiving warfarin are prescribed interacting drugs that could increase bleeding risks.MethodsWe retrospectively examined medical records for 704 Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years of age discharged from Kansas hospitals with AF. We identified all patients receiving warfarin and examined discharge prescriptions for drugs that could increase bleeding risk either by increasing the international normalized ratio (INR) or directly inhibiting hemostasis.ResultsOf 256 patients discharged on warfarin, 138 (54%) were prescribed another medication that could increase bleeding risk. Among these patients, 106 (41%) were discharged with a total of 150 prescriptions for drugs that could interact with warfarin to increase the INR. Antibiotics accounted for 67% of these prescriptions. Fifty‐three patients (21%) received 56 prescriptions for drugs which could inhibit hemostasis. These were primarily antiplatelet drugs with 61% of the prescriptions for aspirin. Patients with coronary artery disease were more likely than others to be prescribed warfarin plus antiplatelet agents (OR=2.80; p=0.04). More than one interacting drug was prescribed for 20% of the patients.ConclusionsAF patients discharged on warfarin were frequently prescribed concomitant medications that increase bleeding risks. These patients should be closely monitored and counseled to watch for signs of bleeding. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbene polymerization: characterization of poly(carballyloxycarbene)
Authors: Liu Lijian , Song Ying , Li Hao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA polymer (Mw3000 g mol−1 with Mw/Mn 1.2) was obtained by the copper‐catalyzed nitrogen‐elimination of allyl diazoacetate. Its structure was determined as poly(carballyloxycarbene) (PCACB) by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymers with benzofuro‐benzofuran structures
Authors: Pourabas Behzad , Banihashemi Ahmad 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral kinds of molecules and also polymers are going to be discussed in the present article. Common feature in these molecules and polymers is the possessing of a specific structural part, namely benzofuro–benzofuran. This structure will appear in several molecules and kinds of polymers in the text. A condensation reaction between glyoxal and phenols is the reaction needed to produce the mentioned structural part, ie benzofuro–benzofuran. Because of the importance of this reaction, a brief historical background in the initial section of the article, and some discussion on the structural assignment of the reaction product and the reaction mechanism is also given in sections later on. Types of polymers, which are discussed in this article, are mainly heat stable polymers including polyamide, poly(ether ketone sulfone), polybenzimidazole, poly(amide‐benzimidazole) and polyarylates. Polyester, polyhaydrezide and polymers with NLO property are the other kinds of the discussed polymers in the text with the benzofuro–benzofuran structure in their main chain. There is not any detailed procedure provided in the text about the synthesis of the molecules or even the polymers and the general procedures provided follow only the methodological purposes of the authors. Thermal properties of the polymers are discussed in the final section of the article with an attempt to provide a comparative argument in order to reach a relationship between structure and thermal properties.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.
Formation of polyacrylate brushes on silica surfaces
Authors: Parvole J , Billon L , Montfort J P 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report the formation of polyacrylate (molten state polymers: Tg < room temperature) monolayers attached onto silica surfaces using covalently bonded initiators for radical‐chain polymerisation. In a first reaction step, the initiator is self‐assembled on the surface. In a subsequent reaction, the initiator is activated and the polymer formed in situ at the surface of the substrate with high grafting density (‘grafting from’ procedure). Moreover, the use of a living free radical process permits the molecular weight and polydispersity of the polymer chains to be controlled, and thus the polymer monolayer thickness also. We have also made a preliminary qualitative characterisation by X‐ray spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) measurements.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthetic polyamines as vectors for gene delivery
Authors: Dubruel Peter , De Strycker Joost , Westbroek Philippe , Bracke Ken , Temmerman Eduard , Vandervoort Jo , Ludwig Annick , Schacht Etienne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report the synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of a series of cationic polymethacrylates as vectors for gene delivery. Two different types of polymer have been synthesized: The first is a series of polymers containing tertiary amine, pyridine, imidazole and acid groups; the second is a series of polyamines containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks or grafts. The ability of the different polymers to condense DNA has been studied by agarose gel electrophoresis; all polymers are able to condense DNA, their ability to do so being dependent on their chemical composition and molecular weight. The particle size of the different polymer–DNA complexes formed has been measured by dynamic light scattering: complexes have a particle size of around 50 nm. A clear effect of the chemical composition of the polymers on the zeta potential of their complexes with DNA is evident.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of poly{[(2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)‐methyl vinyl ether]‐co‐acrylonitrile} and its miscibility with SAN
Authors: Ha Chang‐Sik , Yoo Gohyup , Park Dae‐Won , Jo Nam‐Ju , Lee Jin‐Kook , Cho Won‐Jei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this work, a novel copolymer of (2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl vinyl ether (OVE) and acrylonitrile (AN) [poly(OVE‐co‐AN)] was synthesized from the reaction of CO2 with oxirane. The copolymer was also blended with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) in order to develop an integrated process for the catalytic conversion of CO2 to useful polymer materials. It was found from the optical clarity, thermal analysis and light‐scattering studies that the poly(OVE‐co‐AN)/SAN blends were miscible over the entire range of blend compositions. Thermally induced phase separation behaviour of the miscible blends was also investigated using an atomic force microscopy (AFM).© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Structured degradable poly(ether) hydrogels based on linear bifunctional macromonomers
Authors: Naraghi Kaynoush , Sahli Nabahat , Belbachir Mohamed , Franta Emile , J Lutz Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHydrogels based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are suitable materials for numerous biomedical applications. Among the different ways to design such hydrogels, homopolymerization of bifunctional PEO macromonomers represents a promising approach. The present work discusses the extension of this crosslinking procedure to prepare degradable hydrogels. Poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDXL) hydrogels were synthesized directly in water (or in organic solvents) by free‐radical homopolymerization of α,ω‐methacryloyloxy PDXL macromonomers. They were investigated as gels swollen to equilibrium in THF CH2Cl2 or in water. In each case, the amount of extractable material, the extent of equilibrium swelling and the uniaxial compression modulus were determined. Nethertheless, PDXL chains contain acetal groups sensitive to acidic degradation. Hydrogels constituted of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains containing a short central PDXL block were obtained from α,ω‐methacryloyloxy PEO‐block‐1,3‐PDXL‐block‐PEO macromonomers. The variation of the mechanical properties of pure PDXL networks, when placed in acidic media, was followed by uniaxial compression modulus measurements.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Membrane with incorporated hydrophobic ligand for hydrophobic interaction with proteins: application to lipase adsorption
Authors: Bayramoğlu Gülay , Denizli Adil , Arıca M Yakup 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study, phenylalanine as a hydrophobic ligand was covalently attached on a co‐monomer, methacryloyl chloride. Then, poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylamido‐phenylalanine), poly(HEMA/MAPA), membranes were prepared by UV‐initiated photopolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylamido‐phenylalanine. The lipase adsorption of these poly(HEMA/MAPA) membranes was determined by changing the hydrophobic ligand density, pH, temperature and concentration of lipase in the adsorption medium. The lipase adsorption capacity of the membranes increased as the ligand density on the membrane surface increased. The non‐specific adsorption of lipase on the poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) membranes was negligible (12 µg cm−2 of membrane). The adsorption phenomena appeared to follow a typical Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of the poly(HEMA/MAPA‐5) membrane for lipase was 215 µg cm−2 of membrane. The equilibrium constant (kd) value was 1.43 mg ml−1. The lipase could repeatedly be adsorbed and desorbed on the affinity membrane without any significant loss in the adsorption capacity of the membrane.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradable polymers in a living environment: where do you end up?
Authors: Vert Michel , Santos Isabelle Dos , Ponsart Stéphanie , Alauzet Nathalie , Morgat Jean‐Louis , Coudane Jean , Garreau Henri 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe resistance of synthetic polymers to the action of living systems is becoming more and more problematic in certain domains in which they are used for a limited period of time before becoming waste. It is exemplified in surgery, pharmacology, agriculture and in the environment too. In these domains, time‐resistant polymeric wastes are less and less acceptable. From this viewpoint, sutures, bone fracture fixation devices, mulch films and packagings are comparable. Basically they should be eliminated after use. Post‐use biorecycling is regarded as a possible solution to some of the problems raised by the management of these polymeric wastes, regardless of the domain of application. This contribution aims to present simple and versatile methods with a potential to investigate the fate, and especially the bioassimilation, of the degradation by‐products of degradable or bio‐degradable polymers in complex living media such as the human body, a compost or the outdoor environment. Two versatile methods are presented that have been developed to radio‐label degradable and biodegradable artificial aliphatic polyesters by substituting some protons by tritium atoms. It is also shown that weighing a population of starved earthworms, allowed to be in contact with degradable or biodegradable polymer, is a worthwhile method to demonstrate that degradation by‐products are bioassimilated.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of polyether polyols using caesium as catalyst
Authors: de Lucas Antonio , Rodríguez Lourdes , Pérez‐Collado Mario , Sánchez Paula 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn alternative catalyst to the traditional KOH was studied for preparation of polyols, having high molecular weight (about 6 000 g mol−1) and low unsaturation content. KOH catalyst is useful until the equivalent weight of the polyol reaches about 1 000 g mol−1, at which point an excess of allylic terminal unsaturation starts to develop. Polyols were synthesised using caesium and potassium hydroxide, at different temperatures and catalyst concentrations. Both the unsaturation content of the final polyol and the synthesis time decreased using caesium hydroxide instead of potassium hydroxide under the same synthesis conditions. The relationship to temperature and catalyst concentration was also studied. GPC analyses showed an additional small peak in the product, attributed to the allyl adduct, whose intensity was greater when potassium hydroxide was used as catalyst.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry