bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal C/N ratio determines plant-derived carbon and nitrogen allocation to symbiosis
Authors: Pena Rodica , Bluhm Sarah L. , Ammerschubert Silke , Agüi-Gonzalez Paola , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Scheu Stefan , Polle Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbon allocation of trees to ectomycorrhizas is thought to shape forest nutrient cycling, but the sink activities of different fungal taxa for host resources are unknown. Here, we investigate fungal taxon-specific differences in naturally composed ectomycorrhizal (EM) communities for plant-derived carbon and nitrogen. After aboveground dual labeling of young beech with 15N and 13C, ectomycorrhizas formed with different fungal taxa exhibit strong differences in label enrichment. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) imaging of nitrogen in cross sections of ectomycorrhizas demonstrates plant-derived 15N in both root and fungal structures. Isotope enrichment in ectomycorrhizas correlates with that in the corresponding ectomycorrhiza-attached lateral root, supporting fungal taxon-specific N and C fluxes in ectomycorrhizas. The enrichments with 13C and 15N in the symbiosis decrease with increasing C/N ratio of ectomycorrhizas, converging to zero at high C/N. The relative abundances of EM fungal species on roots are positively correlated with 13C enrichment, demonstrating higher fitness of stronger than of less C-demanding symbioses. Overall, our results support that differences among the C/N ratios in ectomycorrhizas formed with different fungal species regulate the supply of the symbioses with host-derived carbon and provide insights on functional traits of ectomycorrhizas, which are important for major ecosystem processes.
Migration and aggregation of Pt atoms on metal oxide-supported ceria nanodomes control reverse water gas shift reaction activity
Authors: Wang Haodong , Shimogawa Ryuichi , Zhang Lihua , Ma Lu , Ehrlich Steven N. , Marinkovic Nebojsa , Li Yuanyuan , Frenkel Anatoly I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts (SACs) are particularly sensitive to external conditions, complicating the identification of catalytically active species and active sites under in situ or operando conditions. We developed a methodology for tracing the structural evolution of SACs to nanoparticles, identifying the active species and their link to the catalytic activity for the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The new method is illustrated by studying structure-activity relationships in two materials containing Pt SACs on ceria nanodomes, supported on either ceria or titania. These materials exhibited distinctly different activities for CO production. Multimodal operando characterization attributed the enhanced activity of the titania-supported catalysts at temperatures below 320 ˚C to the formation of unique Pt sites at the ceria-titania interface capable of forming Pt nanoparticles, the active species for the RWGS reaction. Migration of Pt nanoparticles to titania support was found to be responsible for the deactivation of titania-supported catalysts at elevated temperatures. Tracking the migration of Pt atoms provides a new opportunity to investigate the activation and deactivation of Pt SACs for the RWGS reaction.
Thermal-activated escape of the bistable magnetic states in 2D Fe3GeTe2 near the critical point
Authors: Wang Chen , Kong Xi , Mao Xiaoyu , Chen Chen , Yu Pei , Wang Ya , Shi Fazhan , Du Jiangfeng , Gong Ming , Zeng Hualing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGreat effort has been made recently to investigate the phase transitions in two-dimensional (2D) magnets while leaving subtle quantification unsolved. Here, we demonstrate the thermal-activated escape in 2D Fe3GeTe2 ferromagnets near the critical point with a quantum magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy centers. We observe random switching between the two spin states with auto-correlation time described by the Arrhenius law, where a change of temperature by 0.8 K induces a change of lifetime by three orders of magnitude. Moreover, a large energy difference between the two spin states about 51.3 meV is achieved by a weak out-of-plane magnetic field of 1 G, yielding occupation probability described by Boltzmann’s law. Using these data, we identify all the parameters in the Ginzburg-Landau model. This work provides quantitative description of the phase transition in 2D magnets, which paves the way for investigating the critical fluctuation and even non-equilibrium phase transitions in these 2D materials.
Automation and labour market inequalities: a comparison between cities and non-cities
Authors: Capello Roberta , Lenzi Camilla 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper reassesses the displacement effects of automation technologies from an urban perspective by highlighting heterogeneous effects in urban vs non-urban settings. Specifically, the paper argues that automation technologies in the form of robotisation do displace jobs and shrink the labour force, whatever the territorial context considered. However, this displacement effect particularly hits low-skilled workers in non-urban settings which suffer from the substitution pressure of robots and may exit the labour market. In urban contexts, instead, the low-skilled workers displacement effect is offset by reinstatement effects and, more relevantly, a reorientation of occupations towards more skilled, better paid ones, i.e., élite occupations, raising concerns about a widening of i inequalities in cities vs non-cities. The paper proves these statements in an analysis of the adoption of robot technologies in Italian cities in the period 2009–2019.
Substitution Errors and the Role of Markedness in Bilingual Phonological Acquisition
Authors: Sieg Sabrina R. , Fabiano Leah , Barlow Jessica 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to (a) provide evidence for a theoretical model of between-language interaction in bilingual phonological production through the examination of substitution error patterns and to (b) provide developmental data on bilingual children with and without speech sound impairments for use in clinical assessment and diagnosis. Through the lens of markedness, or relative featural complexity, patterns of between-language interaction were observed to provide a foundation for clinical decision making in phonological assessment.

Method:
Seventy children, ages 3;11–6;7 (years; months), participated in this study: 63 typically developing bilingual Spanish-English–speaking children (x¯ = 5;2) and seven bilingual Spanish-English–speaking children with speech sound impairments (x¯ = 4;6). Substitution errors in single-word speech samples were analyzed in relation to their language-specific markedness values in terms of both targets avoided and substitutes produced. Both quantitative and descriptive analyses of substitution errors were performed.

Results:
Bilingual children, regardless of impairment status, abided by the phonological rules of their languages in English and Spanish productions. Findings indicated both typically developing children and children with speech sound impairments preferred the use of unmarked sounds that are shared across languages over the use of marked, language-specific sounds.

Conclusions:
Through the examination of substitution errors, evidence of between-language interaction and recognition of relative complexity emerged. These results have implications for clinical assessment and diagnosis of speech sound impairments in bilingual children.

Supplemental Material and Presentation Video:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24640200
Clinical Characteristics of Children with Combined Pituitary Hormone
Deficiency and the Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment
Authors: Besci Özge , Sevim Reyhan Deveci , Acinikli Kübra Yüksek , Demir Korcan , Çatlı Gönül , Özhan Bayram , Ünüvar Tolga , Anık Ahmet , Abacı Ayhan , Altıncık Ayça 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aim We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with
congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) and evaluate the
first-year growth responses of individuals with CPHD and isolated growth hormone
deficiency (IGHD) in order to establish the influence of other hormone
deficiencies on growth response.
Patients and Methods This retrospective study was conducted in four
tertiary care centers in Turkey. The records of patients diagnosed with CPHD
(n=39) and severe IGHD (n=50) were collected. Cases with
acquired lesions or chronic diseases were not included in the study. Data are
presented as median (interquartile range).
Results Among 39 patients (13 females; 33%) with a diagnosis of
CPHD, the majority of patients (64%) presented initially with combined
deficits at baseline examination, whereas isolated deficiencies (36%)
were less prevalent. Among all patients with GH deficiency, TSH, ACTH,
FSH/LH, and ADH deficiencies were present in 94%, 74%,
44%, and 9% of patients, respectively. Patients with CPHD were
diagnosed at a younger age (4.9 (8.4) vs. 11.6 (4.1), p<0.001,
respectively) and had lower peak GH concentrations (0.4 (1.8) vs. 3.7 (2.9),
p<0.001, respectively) than patients with IGHD. Patients with IGHD and
CPHD had similar first-year growth responses (Δheight SD score of 0.55
(0.63) vs. 0.76 (0.71), respectively, p=0.45).
Conclusions We established the nature and timing of numerous hormonal
deficits emerging over time. We also identified that the existence of CPHD did
not hinder growth response.
Öffentliches Sprechen über persönliche Abtreibungserfahrungen: Zwischen Empowerment und Disempowerment
Authors: Döring Nicola , Schumann-Doermer Claudia 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungMädchen und Frauen, die ungewollt schwanger werden und eine Abtreibung durchführen lassen, sind von Stereotypisierung und Stigmatisierung betroffen: Typischerweise schreibt man ihnen Leichtsinn und Verantwortungslosigkeit zu (sonst hätten sie sich ja nicht „in diese Lage gebracht“) sowie Kaltherzigkeit und Egoismus (sonst würden sie ja nicht „einfach ungeborenes Leben töten“). Um diesem Abtreibungsstigma entgegenzuwirken, die realen Lebenslagen der Betroffenen sichtbar zu machen und reproduktive Selbstbestimmung zu fördern, setzt sich die Pro-Choice-Bewegung schon lange für das öffentliche Sprechen über persönliche Abtreibungserfahrungen ein. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt, wo und wie authentische Abtreibungsgeschichten in alten und neuen Medien geteilt werden und inwiefern dies mit Empowerment im Sinne von sozialer Unterstützung und politischem Aktivismus für reproduktive Rechte verbunden ist. Dabei wird auch verdeutlicht, dass es gleichzeitig zu Disempowerment kommt: Denn zum einen erhalten Frauen, die von selbstbestimmten Abtreibungen erzählen, regelmäßig Hassnachrichten. Zum anderen werden von der Anti-Abtreibungsbewegung gezielt Erfahrungsberichte verbreitet, die beweisen sollen, dass Abtreibungen in der Regel traumatisierend wirken und von den Frauen am Ende selbst bereut werden, weshalb man sie besser verbieten sollte. Aktuell scheinen im deutschsprachigen Raum die Stimmen zu überwiegen, die beim öffentlichen Sprechen über Abtreibungserfahrungen für reproduktive Autonomie eintreten. Schlussfolgerungen für die Forschung sowie für die Praxis der Sexual- und Medienpädagogik werden abgeleitet.
Systematic Strategy for the Development of Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors: Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of FUT8 Inhibitors
Authors: Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fukase Koichi , Hizume Koki , Takakura Yohei , Takamatsu Shinji , Miyoshi Eiji , Kamada Yoshihiro , Hurtado-Guerrero Ramón 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGlycans control various biological processes, depending on their structures. Particularly, core fucose, formed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8), has a substantial influence on multiple biological processes. In this study, we investigated the development of FUT8 inhibitors with structural elements encompassing both the glycosyl donor (GDP-fucose) and acceptor (N-glycan) of FUT8. To efficiently optimize the structure of FUT8 inhibitors, we employed a strategy involving fragmentation of the target structure, followed by a structure optimization using a diversity-oriented synthesis approach. This study proposes an efficient strategy to accelerate the structural optimization of middle molecules.
Massive Chylous Ascites in a 9-Year-Old Girl with Malrotation—A Case Report
Authors: Winberg Hans , Gerwins Pär , Hagelsteen Kristine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMalrotation leading to massive chylous ascites is rare. A 9-year-old girl was investigated for slowly increasing abdominal distension under a year. She had no vomiting, weight loss, or pain, but was bothered in social situations. Medical investigations, including ultrasound and computed tomography scans, revealed massive ascites. Laparocentesis yielded milk-colored fluid, confirmed as lymph through laboratory analysis. A complete blood count, liver function and hematologic parameters, chyle cytology, bacterial cultures, and polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis were all within normal limits.She was referred to a tertiary center for vascular anomalies. A dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography showed normal lymphatic anatomy without leakage or flow obstruction. A whole-body magnetic resonance imaging revealed a central mesenteric rotation.She was referred to a tertiary center for pediatric surgery, where a laparoscopic Ladd's procedure was performed using a new 5 mm pediatric sealing device, along with an appendectomy using a 5 mm stapler. To derotate the bowel, fenestrations were created in compartments containing a substantial amount of chyle and ascites, resulting in the drainage of 2.4 L of fluid. She was discharged the day after surgery and has been in good health for 1 year. We present a video illustrating the Ladd's procedure steps in this patient.
Skull Base Repair following Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review (Part 1: The Retrosigmoid Approach)
Authors: Starup-Hansen Joachim , Williams Simon C. , Valetopoulou Alexandra , Khan Danyal Z. , Horsfall Hugo Layard , Moudgil-Joshi Jigishaa , Burton Oliver , Kanona Hala , Saeed Shakeel R. , Muirhead William , Marcus Hani J. , Grover Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective Despite advances in skull-base reconstruction techniques, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks remain a common complication following retrosigmoid (RS) vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. We aimed to review and classify the available strategies used to prevent CSF leaks following RS VS surgery.
Methods A systematic review, including studies of adults undergoing RS VS surgery since 2000, was conducted. Repair protocols were synthesized into a narrative summary, and a taxonomic classification of techniques and materials was produced. Additionally, the advantages, disadvantages, and associated CSF leak rates of different repair protocols were described.
Results All 42 studies were case series, of which 34 were retrospective, and eight were prospective. Repair strategies included heterogeneous combinations of autografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials. A repair taxonomy was produced considering seven distinct stages to CSF leak prevention, including intraoperative approaches to the dura, internal auditory canal (IAC), air cells, RS bony defect, extracranial soft tissue, postoperative dressings, and CSF diversion. Notably, there was significant heterogeneity among institutions, particularly in the dural and IAC stages. The median postoperative incidence of CSF leaks was 6.3% (IQR: 1.3–8.44%).
Conclusions The intraoperative strategies used to prevent CSF leaks during RS VS surgery vary between and within institutions. As a result of this heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting of CSF leak predictive factors, a meaningful comparative analysis of repair protocols was not feasible. Instead, we propose the development of a prospective multicenter observational evaluation designed to accurately capture a comprehensive dataset of potential CSF risk factors, including all stages of the operative repair protocol.
The Nevus Lipomatosus Superficialis of Face: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Jae-Won , Park Mi-Ok 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS) is a hamartoma of adipose tissue, rarely reported in the past 100 years. We treated one case, and we conducted a systematic review of the literature. A 41-year-old man presented with a cutaneous multinodular lesion in the posterior region near the right auricle. The lesion was excised and examined histopathologically. To review the literature, we searched PubMed with the keyword “NLS.” The search was limited to articles written in English and whose full text was available. We analyzed the following data: year of report, nation of corresponding author, sex of patient, age at onset, duration of disease, location of lesion, type of lesion, associated symptoms, pathological findings, and treatment. Of 158 relevant articles in PubMed, 112 fulfilled our inclusion criteria; these referred to a total of 149 cases (cases with insufficient clinical information were excluded). In rare cases, the diagnosis of NLS was confirmed when the lesion coexisted with sebaceous trichofolliculoma and Demodex infestation. Clinical awareness for NLS has increased recently. NLS is an indolent and asymptomatic benign neoplasm that may exhibit malignant behavior in terms of huge lesion size and specific anatomical location. Early detection and curative treatment should be promoted.
Method Development and Syntheses Examples of Isotopically Labeled Compounds to Foster Operational Excellence in Pharma Industry
Authors: Derdau Volker , Sib Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe different topics and synthetic approaches in an isotope chemistry laboratory of a pharma company are described. Besides the challenges in the synthesis of long-lived isotopes such as 3H or 14C, short-lived isotopes such as 68Ga and stable isotopes such as 15N, 13C or 2H approaches for the isotopic labeling are also demonstrated. Furthermore, method development with emphasis on collaborations with academic groups to tackle the future challenges are discussed.1	Introduction2	Isotopic Labeling with Hydrogen Isotopes Deuterium (2H, D) and Tritium (3H, T)2.1	Deuterium Labeling for MS Standards2.1.1	Labeled Nitrosamines – The Hunt to Quantify Hazardous Impurities2.1.2	Deuterated Drugs, an Approach To Improve Existing Drugs or To Find Opportunities in Drug Discovery2.2	Tritium-Labeling Methods – The Fast Approach to Radioactively Labeled Compounds2.2.1	Hydrogen Isotope Exchange by Iridium Catalysis2.2.2	Ruthenium-Catalyzed HIE2.2.3	Nanoparticles as Catalysts in HIE2.2.4	Photoredox-Catalyzed HIE2.2.5	HIE via Classical Radical Mechanism2.2.6	Beyond HIE – Halogen–Tritium Exchange3	Challenges in 14C-Synthesis Projects4	Short-Lived Isotopes – The Need for Speed5	Beyond Isotope Science – Late-Stage Functionalization5.1	Examples of Late-Stage Functionalization for Peptides5.2	Examples of Catalyst-Controlled Late-Stage Functionalization6	Conclusion
How Radioactive Iodine Treatment Affects the Retina
Authors: Gürez Ceren , Özen Aynur , Ekmekçioğlu Özgül 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses in patients with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer undergoing radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy.
Study Design This prospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients following a detailed explanation of the study objectives and protocol. Patient selection was randomized. Patients scheduled for RAI treatment in the Nuclear Medicine Clinic were referred to the ophthalmology clinic, respectively. Patients without additional ocular pathology were included in the study.
Methods All patients had received RAI therapy using Iodine-131 for hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer. A complete ophthalmological examination and measurement of macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using optical coherence tomography were performed on all patients before and at the first and sixth months and in first year after RAI treatment. The results were prospectively evaluated.
Results The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients. The hyperthyroid group was group 1, and the thyroid cancer group was group 2. There were 25 patients in group 1 and 15 patients in group 2. The mean age was 43.76 ± 11.85 years (range: 22–65 years) in group 1 and 39.87 ± 9.13 years (range: 30–58 years) in group 2. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age and sex (p > 0.05). In both groups, no significant difference was found in the macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses values obtained in both eyes before and after the RAI treatment.
Conclusion As a result of our study, we observed that RAI intake did not harm the retinal layer.
Cell Junctions in Periodontal Health and Disease: An Insight
Authors: Puzhankara Lakshmi , Rajagopal Anjale , Kedlaya Madhurya N. , Karmakar Shaswata , Nayak Namratha , Shanmugasundaram Shashikiran 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCells are the building blocks of all living organisms. The presence of cell junctions such as tight junctions, gap junctions, and anchoring junctions between cells play a role in cell-to-cell communication in periodontal health and disease. A literature search was done in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science to gather information about the effect of cell junctions on periodontal health and disease. The presence of tight junction in the oral cavity helps in cell-to-cell adhesiveness and assists in the barrier function. The gap junctions help in controlling growth and development and in the cell signaling process. The presence of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes as anchoring junctions aid in mechanical strength and tissue integrity. Periodontitis is a biofilm-induced disease leading to the destruction of the supporting structures of the tooth. The structures of the periodontium possess multiple cell junctions that play a significant role in periodontal health and disease as well as periodontal tissue healing. This review article provides an insight into the role of cell junctions in periodontal disease and health, and offers concepts for development of therapeutic strategies through manipulation of cell junctions.
Natural Materials' Potential as Alternative Teeth Remineralization Agents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Irmaleny Irmaleny , Fatriadi Fajar , Christovher Christovher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDental caries is one of the world's major oral health issues. According to The Burden of Disease Study (2016), almost half of the world's population suffers oral health issues, particularly dental caries (3.58 billion individuals). Dental caries treatment through teeth remineralization can be conducted naturally or using remineralization agents. The aim of this study was to map the scientific evidence of natural materials' potential as teeth remineralization agents. The method utilized in this study was the scoping review following the guideline of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review, that is, article searching using search strategies, article screening, data extraction, and conclusion constructing. The searching process was through PubMed, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect using keywords and following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty articles were found and further analyzed. All articles provided the natural materials' potencies in the perspective of antibacterial, increasing saliva pH, remineralization ability, and increasing the hardness of teeth surface. It can be concluded that natural materials can potentially be alternative teeth remineralization agents.