bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel melanoma antigen, FCRL/FREB, identified by cDNA profile comparison using DNA chip are immunogenic in multiple melanoma patients
Authors: Inozume Takashi , Matsuzaki Yuriko , Kurihara Sachiko , Fujita Tomonobu , Yamamoto Akifumi , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Shimada Shinji , Kawakami Yutaka 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe applied a strategy that utilized a combination of systematic gene expression analysis with various tissues and immunological detection with sera from melanoma patients to identify melanoma antigens expressed preferentially in melanoma and melanocytes. We selected 101 genes by comparing cDNA profiles obtained by GeneChip analysis of a highly pigmented melanoma cell line, SKmel23, primary cultured melanocytes, HUVECs cultured endothelial cells, keratinocytes, liver and stomach. After the additional selection with criterion of high registered frequency of each cDNA in melanocyte‐related cDNA libraries in the NCBI database, 15 genes including 12 known melanocyte specific genes were identified. One of the remaining 3 genes, FCRL/FREB, encoding a member of the Fc receptor family that was previously reported to express in germinal center B cells, was found to express preferentially in melanocytes and melanoma tissues by RT‐PCR and Northern blot analysis. The FCRL/FREB protein was detected in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells by staining with the murine polyclonal antibody and by transfection with GFP‐fused FCRL/FREB cDNA. The bacterial recombinant protein was recognized by serum IgG antibody obtained from some patients with melanoma. These results suggest that FCRL/FREB may function in melanocytes and melanoma and may be useful for development of diagnostic methods for various pigment disorders and immunotherapy of melanoma. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential immunogenicity of adult T cell leukemia cells in vivo
Authors: Kurihara Kiyoshi , Harashima Nanae , Hanabuchi Shino , Masuda Masato , Utsunomiya Atae , Tanosaki Ryuji , Tomonaga Masao , Ohashi Takashi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Masuda Takao , Okamura Jun , Tanaka Yuetsu , Kannagi Mari 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExperimental vaccines targeting human T cell leukemia virus type‐I (HTLV‐I) Tax have been demonstrated in a rat model of HTLV‐I‐induced lymphomas. However, the scarcity of HTLV‐I‐expression and the presence of defective HTLV‐I‐proviruses in adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells have raised controversy about the therapeutic potential of HTLV‐I‐targeted immunotherapy in humans. We investigated the expression of HTLV‐I antigens in fresh ATL cells by using both in vitro and in vivo assays. In flow cytometric analysis, we found that 3 of 5 acute‐type and six of fifteen chronic‐type ATL patients tested showed significant induction of HTLV‐I Tax and Gag in their ATL cells in a 1‐day culture. Concomitantly with HTLV‐I‐expression, these ATL cells expressed co‐stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD86 and OX40, and showed elevated levels of antigenicity against allogeneic T cells and HTLV‐I Tax‐specific cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (CTL). Representative CTL epitopes restricted by HLA‐A2 or A24 were conserved in 4 of 5 acute‐type ATL patients tested. Furthermore, spleen T cells from rats, which had been subcutaneously inoculated with formalin‐fixed uncultured ATL cells, exhibited a strong interferon gamma‐producing helper T cell responses specific for HTLV‐I Tax‐expressing cells. Our study indicated that ATL cells from about half the patients tested readily express HTLV‐I antigens including Tax in vitro, and that ATL cells express sufficient amounts of Tax or Tax‐induced antigens to evoke specific T cell responses in vivo. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in breast cancer xenografts: A major induction of stromal MMP‐13
Authors: Lafleur Marc A. , Drew Angela F. , de Sousa Emma L. , Blick Tony , Bills Margaret , Walker Emma C. , Williams Elizabeth D. , Waltham Mark , Thompson Erik W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn human breast cancer (HBC), as with many carcinoma systems, most matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are largely expressed by the stromal cells, whereas the tumour cells are relatively silent in MMP expression. To determine the tissue source of the most relevant MMPs, we xenografted HBC cell lines and HBC tissues into the mammary fat pad (MFP) or bone of immunocompromised mice and measured the expression of human and mouse MMP‐2, ‐9, ‐11, ‐13, membrane‐type‐1 MMP (MT1‐MMP), MT2‐MMP and MT3‐MMP by species‐specific real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. Our data confirm a stromal origin for most tumour‐associated MMPs and indicate marked and consistent upregulation of stromal (mouse) MMP‐13 and MT1‐MMP in all xenografts studied, irrespective of implantation in the MFP or bone environments. In addition, we show increased expression of both human MMP‐13 and human MT1‐MMP by the MDA‐MB‐231 tumour cells grown in the MFP compared to in vitro production. MMP protein and activity data confirm the upregulation of MMP mRNA production and indicate an increase in the activated MMP‐2 species as a result of tumour implantation. These data directly demonstrate tumour induction of MMP production by stromal cells in both the MFP and bone environments. These xenografts are a valuable means for examining in vivo production of MMPs and suggest that MMP‐13 and MT1‐MMP will be relevant targets for inhibiting breast cancer progression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatigue sensitivity of Y‐TZP to microscale sharp‐contact flaws
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lawn Brian R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe strength degrading effects of sharp‐contact damage are examined for Y‐TZP ceramic plates bonded to a plastic substrate. Contacts are made with Vickers and Berkovich diamond indenters at low loads (0.1Nto 100N) in the ceramic lower surfaces prior to bonding to the substrates. The indentations remain in the subthreshold region, that is, without visible corner radial cracks, over the lower region (< 10N) of the load range. A concentrated load is then applied sinusoidally to the ceramic upper surface, with the loading axis centered on the subsurface indentation flaw, thereby subjecting the flaw to cyclic tension. Relative to polished surfaces, the indentations diminish the single‐cycle strength by an amount that increases with increasing indentation load. The critical number of cycles required to cause failure from the indentation flaws is then measured at specified maximum lower surface tensile stresses. At each indentation load, the strength of the ceramic plates diminishes with increased cycling. The scale of degradation is compared with that from previous studies on Y‐TZP surfaces containing larger‐scale surface damage: sandblast damage, as used in dental crown preparation; and blunt‐contact trauma from a spherical indenter at 3000N. These other damage modes are shown to be equivalent in their strength‐degrading capacity to diamond pyramid indentations in the microscale load range 0.1Nto 1N, attesting to the highly deleterious nature of sharp particulate contacts. The mechanism of fatigue is considered in terms of microcrack evolution within the indentation damage zone. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 388–392, 2005
Random End‐Switching Configurational Bias Monte Carlo for Long Chain Molecules
Authors: Karaiskos Emmanuel , deJoannis Jason , Anastasiadis Spiros H. , Bitsanis Ioannis A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSummary:The exponential attrition of configurational bias Monte Carlo for long chains can be reduced to almost quadratic by a simple modification of the basic move. Each trial move begins on the side of the remaining sub chain opposite to the cut location. This type of move is akin to large‐scale reptation and in the limit of one‐segment cut is reptation. The extension is shown to require the same Rosenbluth weighting scheme as the original algorithm. Several examples are used to demonstrate the reliability and the improved performance of the proposed method.magnified image
Poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐5‐tert‐butyl isophthalate) copolyesters: Synthesis, characterization, and properties
Authors: Gómez Francisco , Quintana Robert , De Ilarduya Antxon Martñez , Rudé Elisabet , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA series of poly(butylene terephthalate) copolyesters containing 5‐tert‐butyl isophthalate units up to 50 mol %, as well as the homopolyester entirely made of these units, were prepared by polycondensation from a melt. The microstructure of the copolymers was determined by NMR to be random for the whole range of compositions. The effect exerted by the 5‐tert‐butyl isophthalate units on thermal, tensile, and gas transport properties was evaluated. Both the melting temperature (Tm) and crystallinity were found to decrease steadily with copolymerization, whereas the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) increased and the polyesters became more brittle. Permeability and solubility slightly increased with the content in substituted isophthalic units, whereas the diffusion coefficient remained practically constant. For the homopolyester poly(5‐tert‐butyl isophthalate), all these properties were found to deviate significantly from the general trend displayed by copolyesters, suggesting that a different structure in the solid state is likely adopted in this case. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 92–100, 2005
Design considerations in the sequential analysis of matched case–control data
Authors: Baksh M. Fazil , Todd Susan , Whitehead John , Lucini María M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA role for sequential test procedures is emerging in genetic and epidemiological studies using banked biological resources. This stems from the methodology's potential for improved use of information relative to comparable fixed sample designs. Studies in which cost, time and ethics feature prominently are particularly suited to a sequential approach. In this paper sequential procedures for matched case–control studies with binary data will be investigated and assessed. Design issues such as sample size evaluation and error rates are identified and addressed. The methodology is illustrated and evaluated using both real and simulated data sets. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
URBANISATION AND AGEING: TOWARDS A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
Authors: PHILLIPSON CHRIS 
Published: November 2004

Mike Davis. Dead Cities: A Natural History. New Press, New York, 2002. 288 pp., pbk $16.95 ISBN 1 56584 844 6.Eric Klinenberg. Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2002. 320 pp., pbk $15.00 ISBN 0 226 44322 1.Katherine S. Newman. A Different Shade of Gray: Midlife and Beyond in the Inner City. New Press, New York, 2003. 400 pp., hbk $29.95 ISBN 1 56584 615 X.The environmental context of ageing, and issues relating to place and location in particular, has re-surfaced as a major theme within gerontology (Kendig 2003; Wahl, Schiedt and Windley 2003; Wahl and Weisman 2003). Drawing on classic studies from Rosow (1967), Rowles (1978), Lawton (1980) and others, the mission of environmental gerontology has been viewed as understanding a number of key tasks facing older adults in diverse physical and ecological settings. These include: ‘preserving as-independent-as-possible everyday life in the face of physical and mental impairments by using environmental resources outside the home environment (‘ageing in place’), initiating processes of relocation if desired or necessary, and adapting to new living environment settings (such as nursing homes or other planned housing) after relocation' (Wahl and Lang 2003: 7).
Microbial keratitis in ITU staff: an occupational hazard?
Authors: Ezra D. G. , Goyal S. , Moosavi R. , Millar M. , Laganowski H. C. , Moore A. T. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryMicrobial keratitis is a potentially blinding corneal infection; the infection may progress rapidly if untreated and result in corneal perforation. The breakdown of the innate ocular defences is known to predispose to corneal infection. We present three cases of microbial keratitis in intensive therapy unit (ITU) staff each of whom had compromised corneal immunity. Anaesthetists and nurses regularly perform high‐risk procedures, such as tracheal suctioning, which have been known to cause ocular infections by aerosol inoculation. We suggest that although the absolute risk of infection is low, susceptible individuals may be at increased risk of corneal infection from exposure to potentially pathogenic organisms in such environments. We stress the need for ITU staff, particularly those who wear contact lenses, to wear eye protection when performing procedures likely to cause infected aerosols.
Comparison of Propofol‐Lipuro with propofol mixed with lidocaine 10 mg on propofol injection pain
Authors: Kam E. , Abdul‐Latif M. S. , McCluskey A. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryA common drawback of propofol is pain on injection and lidocaine is commonly mixed with propofol to reduce its incidence and severity. We conducted a randomised, prospective, double‐blind study to compare injection pain following the administration of two different formulations of propofol in 200 unpremedicated ASA I–III adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly into two groups to receive either Propofol‐®Lipuro without added lidocaine or Diprivan® mixed with lidocaine 10 mg. Five ml of the study solution was injected at a constant rate over 15 s and patients graded any associated pain or discomfort using a four‐point verbal rating scale. The incidence of propofol injection pain was virtually identical in both study groups with 37/98 (38%) patients experiencing pain or discomfort following Propofol‐®Lipuro compared with 35/98 (36%) after Diprivan® (p = 0.88). We observed no significant difference in pain scores between the groups (p = 0.67). Moderate or severe injection pain was experienced by 12/98 (12%) patients given Propofol‐®Lipuro compared with 8/98 (8%) given Diprivan® (p = 0.48).
SEM evaluation of canal wall dentine following use of Mtwo and ProTaper NiTi rotary instruments
Authors: Foschi F. , Nucci C. , Montebugnoli L. , Marchionni S. , Breschi L. , Malagnino V. A. , Prati C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAim  To compare using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) root canal walls following instrumentation in vitro with two different rotary NiTi instruments. The hypothesis was that no difference should be observable between the experimental groups in terms of debris on canal walls and surface morphology.Methodology  Twenty‐four single‐rooted human teeth were selected. Two types of NiTi instruments were used, Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy) and ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Irrigation for both groups was performed after each instrument change with 5% NaOCl, 3% H2O2 and 17% EDTA solutions. Three different areas (coronal, middle and apical thirds) of the root canal were evaluated using SEM. The canal wall of each sample was assessed and compared using a predefined scale of four parameters, namely, smear layer, pulpal debris, inorganic dentine debris, surface profile. Data were analysed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test (anova).Results A statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) was found between the apical third and the middle and coronal thirds for both groups. No difference was observable between instrumentation groups. In the apical third canal walls were often contaminated by inorganic debris and by smear layer. In the apical third, the surface profile was affected by uninstrumented regions, comprising dentine depressions and grooves in which predentine was still visible.Conclusion  Both instruments produced a clean and debris‐free dentine surfaces in the coronal and middle thirds, but were unable to produce a dentine surfaces free from smear layer and debris in the apical third. The presence of deep grooves and depression on dentine walls in the apical third may well explain the presence of less‐instrumented areas.
Identification and characterization of a Ca2+‐sensitive interaction of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 with tubulin
Authors: Goswami C. , Dreger M. , Jahnel R. , Bogen O. , Gillen C. , Hucho F. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe vanilloid receptor TRPV1 plays a well‐established functional role in the detection of a range of chemical and thermal noxious stimuli, such as those associated with tissue inflammation and the resulting pain. TRPV1 activation results in membrane depolarization, but may also trigger intracellular Ca2+‐signalling events. In a proteomic screen for proteins associated with the C‐terminal sequence of TRPV1, we identified β‐tubulin as a specific TRPV1‐interacting protein. We demonstrate that the TRPV1 C‐terminal tail is capable of binding tubulin dimers, as well as of binding polymerized microtubules. The interaction is Ca2+‐sensitive, and affects microtubule properties, such as microtubule sensitivity towards low temperatures and nocodazole. Our data thus provide compelling evidence for the interaction of TRPV1 with the cytoskeleton. The Ca2+‐sensitivity of this interaction suggests that the microtubule cytoskeleton at the cell membrane may be a downstream effector of TRPV1 activation.
Tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation: regulation and consequences
Authors: Dunkley Peter R. , Bobrovskaya Larisa , Graham Mark E. , Von Nagy‐Felsobuki Ellak I. , Dickson Phillip W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe rate‐limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis is tyrosine hydroxylase. It is phosphorylated at serine (Ser) residues Ser8, Ser19, Ser31 and Ser40 in vitro, in situ and in vivo. A range of protein kinases and protein phosphatases are able to phosphorylate or dephosphorylate these sites in vitro. Some of these enzymes are able to regulate tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in situ and in vivo but the identity of the kinases and phosphatases is incomplete, especially for physiologically relevant stimuli. The stoichiometry of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in situ and in vivo is low. The phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser40 increases the enzyme's activity in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Phosphorylation at Ser31 also increases the activity but to a much lesser extent than for Ser40 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser19 or Ser8 has no direct effect on tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Hierarchical phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase occurs both in vitro and in situ, whereby the phosphorylation at Ser19 increases the rate of Ser40 phosphorylation leading to an increase in enzyme activity. Hierarchical phosphorylation depends on the state of the substrate providing a novel form of control of tyrosine hydroxylase activation.
Primary Cardiovascular Events and Serum Lipid Levels in Elderly Japanese with Hypercholesterolemia Undergoing 6‐Year Simvastatin Treatment: A Subanalysis of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial
Authors: Horiuchi Hisanori , Kita Toru , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Matsuzaki Masunori , Matsuzawa Yuji , Nakaya Noriaki , Oikawa Shinichi , Saito Yasushi , Sasaki Jun , Shimamoto Kazuaki , Itakura Hiroshige ,   the J‐LIT Study Group
Published: November 2004

Objectives: To determine the relationship between serum lipid levels and the incidence of coronary events in older Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients without prior coronary heart disease (CHD).Design: Post hoc subanalysis of the results in the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial.Setting: A large‐scale cohort observational study conducted throughout Japan.Participants: Men aged 35 to 70 and postmenopausal women younger than 70 with serum total cholesterol (TC) level of 220 mg/dL or greater treated for 6 years with low‐dose simvastatin (52,421 total patients). After exclusion of 5,127 patients because of prior CHD and 4,934 patients because of incomplete data, 42,360 patients were divided into an older (9,860 patients, aged 65–70, mean age 67.1) and younger (32,500 patients, younger than 65, mean age 54.9) group and analyzed.Measurements: Fasting serum lipid levels were measured every 6 months. Major coronary events, including fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death as the primary endpoint and other cardiovascular diseases, including onset of angina pectoris, cerebrovascular events, and any causes of death, as the secondary endpoints were monitored.Results: Simvastatin treatment in older patients was as safe and effective as in younger patients. Incident rates of major coronary events were 1.30 per 1,000 patient‐years in the older group and 0.80 per 1,000 patient‐years in the younger group. The incidence of a major coronary event was correlated to serum TC and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels in both groups. The absolute risk of major coronary events in the older group was higher than in the younger group at any level of LDL‐C, whereas the relative risk increased by 1.7% with an elevation of each 1 mg/dL LDL‐C level in both groups. In the older group, the risk of major coronary events also increased as triglyceride level increased, whereas the risk decreased as high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased above 60 md/dL.Conclusion: The LDL‐C level‐dependent increase of relative risk of CHD was similar in elderly and younger patients, whereas the absolute risk at any LDL‐C level in elderly patients was higher than in younger patients.
Epidemiology and Short‐Term Outcomes of Injured Medicare Patients
Authors: Clark David E. , DeLorenzo Michael A. , Lucas F. L. , Wennberg David E. 
Published: November 2004

Objectives: To describe characteristics and short‐term outcomes of Medicare patients hospitalized after injuries in 1999.Design: Analysis of national population‐based case series.Setting: Hospitalized Medicare patients.Participants: All fee‐for‐service Medicare patients aged 65 and older admitted for the first time in 1999 with principal injury diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes 800–904, 910–929, 940–957, 959).Measurements: Incidence rates, stratified by anatomic location (hip, other extremity, spine, head, chest, other), sex, and age group (65–74, 75–84, ≥85). For each category, Charlson comorbidity scores, Abbreviated Injury Scores, hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, hospital mortality, 30‐day mortality, and readmissions within 30 days of discharge.Results: A total of 439,605 persons were admitted at least once (crude rate 1,654/100,000). Rates of hospitalization increased with age and were generally higher in women (except head injuries). Comorbidities were more common in men. Hip fractures constituted 46.6% of cases and other extremity injuries another 30.7%. Hospital mortality (3.7% overall) increased with age, was greater in men, and was highest in patients with head injuries. The proportion discharged to skilled nursing facilities (43.8% overall, range 10.0–61.9% by age/sex/anatomic category) also increased with age, was higher in women, and was highest in patients with hip fractures. Slightly more than one‐tenth (12.3%) of patients were readmitted within 30 days. Thirty‐day mortality was 2.0 times hospital mortality (range 1.2–3.4 by category).Conclusion: Most injuries resulting in hospitalization for the Medicare population involve the extremities, but other injuries have higher mortality. Many injured patients are not discharged home but receive additional institutional care. Thirty‐day survival is much lower than observed hospital survival. Further studies of injuries using Medicare data are warranted.