bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial evolution of nitrogen and phosphorus loads along a small Mediterranean river: implication of bed sediments
Authors: Tournoud Marie‐George , Perrin Jean‐Louis , Gimbert Frédéric , Picot Bernadette 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study addresses the spatial variations in water quality along the River Vène (France). The Vène drains a 67 km2 rural basin, with a large karstic area, located in a Mediterranean context. A 1 day sampling campaign was conducted along the river, in winter low‐flow conditions (February 2003). Physico‐chemical parameters and water flow discharge were measured in situ during the sampling campaign. Water quality was evaluated by determining the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and bed‐sediment samples. Nitrogen and phosphorus loads were evaluated taking into account the measured concentrations and discharge. The campaign included 18 sampling points and concerned the whole river from the spring to the outlet, plus the main inputs, i.e. sewage treatment works, main tributaries and karstic springs. The spatial evolution of nitrogen and phosphorus loads along the river allowed the significant role of point‐source inputs to be demonstrated. The decrease in nutrient loads along the river occurred mainly in specific reaches where fine sediments had accumulated. In these zones, phosphorus is trapped in the bed sediments in calcium‐bound phosphates due to precipitation processes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matched block bootstrap for resampling multiseason hydrologic time series
Authors: Srinivas V. V. , Srinivasan K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA nonparametric method for resampling multiseason hydrologic time series is presented. It is based on the idea of rank matching, for simulating univariate time series with strong and/or long‐range dependence. The rank matching rule suggests concatenating with higher likelihood those blocks that match at their ends. In the proposed method, termed ‘multiseason matched block bootstrap’, nonoverlapping within‐year blocks of hydrologic data (formed from the observed time series) are conditionally resampled using the rank matching rule. The effectiveness of the method in recovering various statistical attributes, including the dependence structure from finite samples generated from a known population, is demonstrated through a two‐level hypothetical Monte Carlo simulation experiment. The method offers enough flexibility to the modeller and is shown to be appropriate for modelling hydrologic data that display strong dependence, nonlinearity and/or multimodality in the time series depicting the hydrologic process. The method is shown to be more efficient than the nonparametric ‘k‐nearest neighbor bootstrap’ method in simulating the monthly streamflows that exhibit a complex dependence structure and bimodal marginal probability density. Even with short block sizes, this bootstrap method is able to predict the drought characteristics reasonably accurately. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermotolerance induced at a mild temperature of 40°C protects cells against heat shock‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Bettaieb Ahmed , Averill‐Bates Diana A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractApoptosis constitutes a response of organisms to various physiological or pathological stimuli, and to different stresses. The ability of thermotolerance induced at a mild temperature of 40°C to protect against activation of the apoptotic cascade by heat shock was investigated. When Chinese hamster ovary and human adenocarcinoma cervical cells were pretreated at 40°C for 3 h, they were resistant to subsequent lethal heat shock at 43°C. Induction of thermotolerance at 40°C led to increased expresssion of heat shock proteins 27, 32, 72, and 90. Heat shock induced apoptotic events at the mitochondrial level, involving a decrease in membrane potential, translocation of Bax to mitochondria, and liberation of cytochrome c into the cytosol. These events were diminished in thermotolerant cells. Heat shock (42–45°C) caused activation of initiator caspase‐9 and effector caspases‐3, ‐6, and ‐7, relative to controls at 37°C. Activation of caspases was decreased in thermotolerant cells. Heat shock caused fragmentation of the caspase substrate, inhibitor of caspase‐activated DNase. Fragmentation was diminished in thermotolerant cells. Thermotolerance afforded protection against heat shock‐induced nuclear chromatin condensation, but not against necrosis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental control via GATA factor interplay at chromatin domains
Authors: Bresnick Emery H. , Martowicz Melissa L. , Pal Saumen , Johnson Kirby D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDespite the extraordinary task of packaging mammalian DNA within the constraints of a cell nucleus, individual genes assemble into cell type‐specific chromatin structures with high fidelity. This chromatin architecture is a crucial determinant of gene expression signatures that distinguish specific cell types. Whereas extensive progress has been made on defining biochemical and molecular mechanisms of chromatin modification and remodeling, many questions remain unanswered about how cell type‐specific chromatin domains assemble and are regulated. This mini‐review will discuss emerging studies on how interplay among members of the GATA family of transcription factors establishes and regulates chromatin domains. Dissecting mechanisms underlying the function of hematopoietic GATA factors has revealed fundamental insights into the control of blood cell development from hematopoietic stem cells and the etiology of pathological states in which hematopoiesis is perturbed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Curcumin prevents methylglyoxal‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts
Authors: Hsuuw Yan‐Der , Chang Chen‐Kang , Chan Wen‐Hsiung , Yu Jau‐Song 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound endogenously produced mainly from glycolytic intermediates. Elevated MG levels in diabetes patients are believed to contribute to diabetic complications. MG is cytotoxic through induction of apoptosis. Curcumin, the yellow pigment of Curcuma longa, is known to have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the effect of curcumin on apoptotic biochemical events caused by incubation of ESC‐B5 cells with MG. Curcumin inhibited the MG‐induced DNA fragmentation, caspase‐3 activation, cleavage of PARP, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and JNK activation. Importantly, curcumin also inhibited the MG‐stimulated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. In addition, we demonstrated that curcumin prevented the MG‐induced apoptosis of mouse blastocysts isolated from pregnant mice. Moreover, curcumin significantly reduced the MG‐mediated impairment of blastocyst development from mouse morulas. The results support the hypothesis that curcumin inhibits MG‐induced apoptosis in mouse ESC‐B5 cells and blastocysts by blocking ROS formation and subsequent apoptotic biochemical events. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of digoxin and ouabain on aldosterone synthesis in human adrenocortical NCI‐H295 cells
Authors: Kau Mei‐Mei , Kan Shu‐Fen , Wang Jiing‐Rong , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe present study was to investigate the effects and action mechanisms of digoxin and ouabain on steroidogenesis in human adrenocortical NCI‐H295 cells. Administration of digoxin or ouabain for 24 h decreased the basal and angiotensin II (Ang II)‐stimulated release of aldosterone by NCI‐H295 cells. The conversions of corticosterone (substrate of cytochrome P450 aldosterone synthase, P450c11AS) to aldosterone or deoxycortisol (substrate of cytochrome P450 11β‐hydroxylase, P450c11β) to cortisol were reduced by digoxin or ouabain. The basal and 22‐hydroxy‐cholesterol (a membrane‐permeable cholesterol, substrate of cytochrome P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc)‐stimulated pregnenolone release in mitochondria was inhibited by digoxin or ouabain. Digoxin or ouabain suppressed the basal and Ang II‐stimulated protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and P450scc. Incubation of digoxin or ouabain for 24 h reduced P450c11AS mRNA expression in NCI‐H295 cells. Digoxin or ouabain (10−6 M, 24 h)‐treated cells showed a lower resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and an attenuated response of [Ca2+]i to Ang II. Since no significant cytotoxicity was observed at 10−6 M digoxin or ouabain, the digoxin‐ or ouabain‐induced decrease of aldosterone or cortisol release was not associated with cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that digoxin or ouabain inhibits the aldosterone or cortisol release via reduction of P450c11AS or P450c11β and P450scc activities, inhibition of StAR and P450scc protein expression, suppression of P450c11AS mRNA expression, and attenuation of Ca2+ mobilization in NCI‐H295 cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interplay between NFBP and NF‐κB modulates tat activation of the LTR
Authors: Sweet Thersa , Sawaya Bassel E. , Khalili Kamel , Amini Shohreh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractInterplay of the HIV‐1 regulatory protein, Tat, with several cellular factors plays an important role in transcriptional regulation of the viral promoter, the long terminal repeat (LTR). Special attention has been paid to NF‐κB, a family of inducible transcription factors, which interact with a specific DNA motif within the LTR. Here, we report on the physical and functional interaction of NFBP, a recently identified protein that interacts with the P65 subunit of NF‐κB, with HIV‐1 Tat. NFBP colocalizes with Tat in the nucleus and nucleoli, recognizes the amino acid residues 37 to 48 of Tat, and its interaction is modulated by RNA molecules. The interaction of NFBP with Tat modulates the synergism between Tat and P65 in activating LTR transcription. In the absence of the κB‐binding sites, NFBP augments the TAR‐dependent activation by Tat, yet it interferes with the synergistic effect of P65 and Tat on LTR transcription. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptor regulates Cdc6 in synchronized LNCaP cells progressing from G1 to S phase
Authors: Bai V. Uma , Cifuentes Eugenia , Menon Mani , Barrack Evelyn R. , Reddy G. Prem‐Veer 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have shown previously that androgen receptor (AR) activity is required for the progression of cells from G1 to S phase. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of androgen‐ and androgen‐receptor‐mediated proliferation of prostate cancer cells, we studied the effect of anti‐androgen bicalutamide (Casodex) on the expression of cell‐cycle regulatory genes in synchronized LNCaP cells progressing from G1 to S phase. LNCaP cells were synchronized by isoleucine‐deprivation. Expression of cell‐cycle regulatory genes in S phase control cells versus Casodex‐treated cells that fail to enter S phase was studied using a microarray containing cDNA probes for 111 cell‐cycle specific genes. RT‐PCR and Western‐blots were used to validate microarray data. Casodex blocked synchronized LNCaP cells from entering S phase. Microarrays revealed downregulation of eight genes in cells prevented from entering into S phase by Casodex. Of these eight genes, only Cdc6, cyclin A, and cyclin B were downregulated at both the mRNA and protein level in Casodex treated cells as compared to control cells. The mRNA and protein levels of Cdc6 increased as synchronized LNCaP cells progressed from G1 to S phase, and were attenuated in Casodex‐treated cells failed to enter S phase. Cyclins A and B were detected when cells entered S phase, but not when they were in G1 phase. Like Cdc6, the levels of both cyclins A and B were attenuated in Casodex‐treated cells. AR may play an important role in the onset of DNA synthesis in prostate cancer cells by regulating the expression and stability of Cdc6, which is critically required for the assembly of the pre‐replication complex(pre‐RC). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparable evaluation of various commercially available aluminium‐based coagulants for the treatment of surface water and for the post‐treatment of urban wastewater
Authors: Zouboulis Anastasios I , Traskas Georgios 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this study the efficiency of various commercially‐available coagulants, ie alum and poly‐aluminium chlorides (PACls), for the treatment of surface (river) water, or for the post‐treatment of biologically pretreated urban wastewater were investigated. The different coagulants were comparatively evaluated, considering the removal of suspended solids (SS), natural organic matter (NOM), as well as the residual aluminium concentration, and the removal of phosphates (inorganic phosphorus), in the case of urban wastewater treatment. The dynamics of flocculation were also studied using a Photometric Dispersion Analyser (PDA) in order to compare the flocculation rates and the strength of different coagulant flocs. Finally, the optimum operational conditions, ie coagulant dosage, pH, temperature, duration and intensity of (initial) rapid‐mixing rate, were determined for the examined cases. It can be generally supported that PACl coagulants were superior to alum, as they presented higher SS and NOM removal, stronger and larger flocs, higher flocculation rates and lower residual aluminium concentration, which is a very important factor, especially for the treatment of surface water destinated for potable use. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The synthesis of oxime reagents from natural and semi‐synthetic phenolic lipid and alkanoic acid resources for the solvent recovery of copper(II)
Authors: Tyman John HP , Iddenten Simon JA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn a study of the relationship between structure and efficiency towards recovery of copper(II) by chelation/solvent extraction, a series of homologous aldoximes has been synthesised from natural phenolic lipidic, and fatty lipidic renewable sources, for comparison with commercial reagents prepared from petrochemical sources. From cardanol, in technical cashew nut‐shell liquid, isoanacardic aldoxime, [2‐hydroxy‐4‐pentadec(en)yl]aldoxime, and from the natural phenolic lipid, anacardic acid, the isomer, 2‐hydoxy‐6‐pentadec(en)ylaldoxime, have been synthesised. A C11 analogue of anacardic aldoxime from Anacardium giganteum has been prepared. The isomeric n‐octyl aldoximes have been synthesised, the o‐ and p‐isomers from the readily available fatty acid n‐octanoic acid and the m‐isomer from cardanol. Related m‐aldoximes have been prepared from the ketonic intermediates methyl isoamyl and methyl amyl ketones. The solvent extraction properties for copper(II) of the synthesised aldoximes have been compared with those of a current commercial reagent, 2‐hydroxy‐5‐t‐nonylbenzaldoxime (Acorga 5100, Cytec), and two former extractants, 2‐hydroxy‐5‐t‐nonylacetophenone ketoxime (SME 529, Shell) and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐t‐nonylbenzophenone ketoxime (LIX 65N, Henkel). All the aldoximes possessed useful properties in extraction efficiency, notably the isoanacardic and the C8 aldoximes with the C8o‐isomer, 2‐hydroxy‐3‐n‐octylbenzaldoxime, exhibited optimal extraction, stripping and phase separation characteristics. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of tannins and polyhydroxy phenols by electro‐chemical techniques
Authors: Murugananthan M , Bhaskar Raju G , Prabhakar S 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe removal of tannins and their basic molecules such as catechol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol and resorcinol was studied by electro‐flotation and electro‐oxidation techniques. Iron rods and triple oxide (TaO2/RuO2/IrO2) coated titanium rods were used as electrodes for electro‐flotation and electro‐oxidation respectively. Interaction of tannins and polyhydroxy phenols with iron oxy‐hydroxide formed by anodic dissolution of iron was studied by UV‐Visible, FT‐IR and zeta‐potential measurements. GC–MS was used to identify the intermediate compounds formed during electro‐oxidation. Catechol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol and resorcinol were found to be mineralized in the presence of triple oxide (TaO2/RuO2/IrO2) coated titanium electrodes. Catechol and pyrogallol were found to form insoluble organo‐metal complexes while resorcinol and phloroglucinol were found to adsorb on iron oxy‐hydroxide. The sludge thus formed was simultaneously separated from the aqueous phase by hydrogen bubbles. It was observed that the power consumption is relatively high for electro‐oxidation compared with electro‐flotation. The effects of pH and reaction time on their removal were also studied and the results are discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolvability of cell specification mechanisms
Authors: Félix Marie‐Anne , Barrière Antoine 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe architecture of gene action during development is relevant to phenotypic evolution as it links genotype to morphological phenotype. Analysis of development at the level of cell fate specification mechanisms illuminates some of the properties of developmental evolution. In this article, we first review examples of evolutionary change in mechanisms of cell fate specification, with an emphasis on evolution in the dependence on inductive signaling and on evolution of the mechanisms that result in spatial asymmetries. We then focus on properties of development that bias possible phenotypic change and present how the distribution of phenotypes that are available by mutational change of the starting genotype can be experimentally tested by systematic mutagenesis. We finally discuss ways in which selection pressures on phenotypes can be inferred from a comparison of the phenotypic spectrum found on mutation with that found in the wild. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304B, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convenient synthesis of D‐threo‐[dichloroacetyl 1–14C] chloramphenicol
Authors: Sontakke C. V. , Patil S. P. , Unny V. K. P. , Sivaprasad N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA convenient synthesis of chloramphenicol labelled with carbon‐14 in the dichloroacetyl group at the 1 position is described. It was prepared as part of a 4‐step sequence from [1‐14C] glycine and the product was purified by preparative HPLC. A radiochemical yield of 47% was obtained based on [1‐14C] glycine and the product had a specific activity of 0.47 mCi/mmol. The procedure can be employed for the synthesis of high specific activity [14C] chloramphenicol, labelled at 1, 2 or both the positions of dichloroacetyl group. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo study of [18F]1‐(2‐fluoroethyl)‐4‐[(4‐cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine: a promising new sigma‐1 receptor ligand
Authors: Zhao Jun , Chang Raymond , Carambot Patty , Waterhouse Rikki N. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe novel sigma‐1 receptor PET radiotracer [18F]1‐(2‐fluoroethyl)‐4‐[(4‐cyanophenoxy)methyl]piperidine ([18F]WLS1.002, [18F]‐2) was synthesized (n=6) by heating the corresponding N‐ethylmesylate precursor in an anhydrous acetonitrile solution containing [18F]fluoride, Kryptofix K222 and potassium carbonate for 15 min. Purification was accomplished by reverse‐phase HPLC methods, providing [18F]‐2 in 59±8% radiochemical yield (EOB), with specific activity of 2.89±0.80 Ci/µmol (EOS) and radiochemical purity of 98.3±2.1%. Rat biodistribution studies revealed relatively high uptake in many organs known to contain sigma‐1 receptors, including the lungs, kidney, heart, spleen, and brain. Good clearance from normal tissues was observed over time. Blocking studies (60 min) demonstrated high (>80%) specific binding of [18F]‐2 in the brain, with reduction also noted in other organs known to express these sites. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved synthesis of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate, a convenient reagent for radiofluoromethylations
Authors: Neal Timothy R. , Apana Scott , Berridge Marc S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe utility of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate as an [18F]fluoromethylation reagent has been reexamined. The preparation of this potentially useful compound from the reaction of bis(tosyloxy) methane with 18F‐ was reported several years ago, but it had not found use as a labeling reagent. When the reported reaction of bis(tosyloxy) methane with 18F‐ was carried out, [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate was formed along with [18F]tosyl fluoride. The product ratio depended upon reaction conditions, with the yield of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate usually in the range of 25–40%. Addition of a small amount of water to the reaction mixture resulted in a significant increase in the yield of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate. Reaction conditions were defined that produced a yield of 71±6% of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate (decay corrected). The product was conveniently purified by alumina chromatography. Reaction of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate with the (des‐fluoromethyl) fluticasone propionate thioacid precursor produced [18F]fluticasone propionate in improved yield (16%, from fluoride in production‐scale runs) over other synthesis methods. Similarly, formation of [18F]choline, [18F]fluoromethionine and N‐([18F]fluoromethyl)spiperone from the reaction of [18F]fluoromethyl tosylate with corresponding precursors was examined. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast and efficient tritium labelling of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs naproxen, tolmetin, and zomepirac
Authors: Johansen Steen K. , Sørensen Lone , Martiny Lars 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFast and efficient tritium labelling of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs naproxen, tolmetin and zomepirac is reported. Naproxen along with its (R)‐enantiomer were labelled by catalytic tritium–halogen exchange of the corresponding 5‐bromo derivatives providing [3H]naproxen with a specific activity of 25.4 Ci/mmol. Tolmetin and zomepirac were labelled by the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction using Crabtree's catalyst. This provided [3H]tolmetin and [3H]zomepirac with specific activities of 80.8 and 64.3 Ci/mmol, respectively. All compounds were obtained in high radiochemical purity (>98%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 1,1′ [11C]‐methylene‐di‐(2‐naphthol) ([11C]ST1859) for PET studies in humans
Authors: Langer Oliver , Krcal Andreas , Schmid Alexander , Abrahim Aiman , Minetti Patrizia , Celona Diana , Roeda Dirk , Dollé Frédéric , Kletter Kurt , Müller Markus 
Published: May 2005

Abstract1,1′‐Methylene‐di‐(2‐naphthol) (ST1859), a candidate drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, was radiolabelled with carbon‐11 with the aim to perform PET microdosing studies in humans. The radiosynthesis was automated in a commercial synthesis module (Nuclear Interface PET tracer synthesizer) and proceeded via reaction of [11C]formaldehyde with 2‐naphthol. [11C]formaldehyde was prepared by catalytic dehydrogenation of [11C]methanol (conversion yield: 48±11% (n = 19)) employing a recently developed silver‐containing ceramic catalyst. Starting from 69±3 GBq of [11C]carbon dioxide (n = 19), 4±1 GBq of [11C]ST1859 (decay‐corrected to the end of bombardment), readily formulated for intravenous administration, could be obtained in an average synthesis time of 38 min. The specific radioactivity of [11C]ST1859 at the end of synthesis exceeded 32 GBq/µmol. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.