bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milk Transfer and Neonatal Safety of Tacrolimus
Authors: French Amy E , Soldin Steven J , Soldin Offie P , Koren Gideon 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of tacrolimus measurement in human milk following maternal dosing in a woman who breast-fed while taking the medication. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old white woman who had taken tacrolimus 0.1 mg/kg/d throughout pregnancy contacted the Motherisk Program at 35 weeks' gestation inquiring about the safety of breast-feeding during maternal tacrolimus therapy. After benefit–risk assessment, the mother decided to breast-feed the baby. METHODS: Manually expressed milk samples were collected over 12 hours following the first tacrolimus dose of the day; pre-dosing and 1-hour post-dosing blood concentrations were also determined. The samples were analyzed for tacrolimus by tandem-mass spectrometry. Breast milk and blood samples were collected at steady-state. RESULTS: The highest and mean concentrations of tacrolimus in milk were 0.57 and 0.429 ng/mL, respectively. From these measurements, the exclusively breast-fed infant would ingest, on average, 0.06 μg/kg/d, which corresponds to 0.06% of the mother's weight-adjusted dose. Given the low oral bioavailability of tacrolimus, the maximum amount the baby would receive is 0.02% of the mother's weight-adjusted dose. The milk-to-blood ratios of tacrolimus at pre-dosing and 1-hour post-dosing concentrations were calculated to be 0.08 and 0.09, respectively. At 2.5 months of age, the infant was developing well both physically and neurologically. COMMENT: This report is the first to measure tacrolimus concentrations in established human milk using tandem-mass spectrometry to detect drug while the infant was exclusively breast-fed by the mother, and in which the infant's growth and development were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that maternal therapy with tacrolimus for liver transplant may be compatible with breast-feeding.
Valproic Acid–Induced Neutropenia
Authors: Vesta Kimi S , Medina Patrick J 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of severe neutropenia caused by valproic acid (VPA). CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old white woman with an infectious brain abscess causing tonic–clonic seizure activity was treated with VPA. She developed severe neutropenia after 2 days of VPA therapy. The absolute neutrophil count reached a nadir of 47 cells/mm3 during VPA use and returned to normal upon its discontinuation. DISCUSSION: VPA is considered to be a well-tolerated antiepileptic drug. While neutropenia has been reported, it has been mild and transient. This patient developed severe neutropenia during effective treatment with VPA, making her significantly susceptible to infection. The Naranjo probability scale indicates VPA as the probable cause of neutropenia in this case. CONCLUSIONS: This report of severe neutropenia caused by VPA emphasizes the importance of monitoring complete blood cell counts during therapy with this agent.
An observational study of multiple cloud head structure in the FASTEX IOP 16 cyclone
Authors: Roberts N. M. , Forbes R. M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRadar, dropsonde, aircraft and satellite data obtained during a FASTEX intensive observing period are combined to give a unique description of multiple cloud heads in a rapidly developing mid‐latitude cyclone. The cloud heads are shown to be associated with stacked slantwise frontal circulations with ascent rates of around 10 cm/s. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Spectral differences between a single gravity shear wave and a continuous superposition of modes
Authors: Pulido Manuel 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA continuous superposition of gravity waves, propagating upward in a shearing background wind, is analyzed. Starting from the gravity wave equations, it is proven, analytically and numerically, that a uniform spectrum has a resultant Doppler‐shifted power spectrum with a −3 power law at large vertical wavenumber contrasting with the −1 power law that characterizes the power spectrum of the monochromatic wave perturbation profile. The preliminary results presented here show that, assuming conservative propagation (no dissipative processes), the Doppler shifting effect can account for observations. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Multicentury-Scale Records of Carbonate (Hydrographic?) Variability on the Northern Iceland Margin over the Last 5000 Years
Authors: Andrews J.T. , Helgadottir Gudrun , Geirsdottir Aslaug , Jennings Anne E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe waters off northern Iceland are subjected to extreme hydrographic variability on annual to decadal timescales. In years when cold low-salinity water moves coastward and sea ice is prevalent (i.e., the late 1960s), marine productivity of surface waters is low because the water column is well stratified. In the opposite oceanographic mode, warm, salty Atlantic Water dominates the shelf and vertical mixing results in high productivity. We track these two contrasting modes by measuring the carbonate content of marine sediments, a proxy for productivity, in three cores from northern Iceland. The fjord record (B997-328PC) is anchored by eleven 14C AMS dates and has a resolution of one sample every 50 yr. Thirteen oscillations occurred over the last 4800 cal yr with an average length of 370 yr; these are superimposed on a long-term decrease in net carbonate accumulation. The Little Ice Age is marked by the largest decrease in carbonate content and in flux, with smaller minima at 2300 and 3000 cal yr B.P. Marked peaks in carbonate (optima) occurred at 2000 and 3800 cal yr B.P. The carbonate record from B997-328PC can be correlated with records on the inner shelf (B997-330PC) and midshelf (B997-327PC), indicating that significant regional changes in oceanography occurred at the southern margin of the Norwegian–Greenland Sea. The marine carbonate fluctuations closely track temperature reconstructions from the Greenland Summit site for the last 2000 cal yr and show similar, but slightly offset, oscillations between 2000 and ca. 4800 cal yr B.P.
Quantitative Reconstruction of Younger Dryas to Mid-Holocene Paleoclimates at Le Locle, Swiss Jura, Using Pollen and Lake-Level Data
Authors: Magny Michel , Guiot Joël , Schoellammer Patrick 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPollen and lake-level data from Le Locle in the Swiss Jura were used to quantitatively reconstruct climatic parameters for the Younger Dryas event and the first half of the Holocene period. The Younger Dryas cold event at Le Locle was characterized by (i) a general trend toward a slight increase in summer temperature and a decrease in annual precipitation and (ii) a marked drying phase at ca. 11,900 cal yr B.P. that occurred between two wetter ones. Further phases of major deficit in moisture occured at ca. 11,500 cal yr B.P. (Younger Dryas-Holocene transition), 10,800 cal yr B.P., 8700 cal yr B.P., and 6500 cal yr B.P. Climatic parameters reconstructed here suggest that phases of higher lake level developing at ca. 12,500–12,000, 11,750–11,600, 11,200–10,900 (synchronous with the Preboreal oscillation), 10,400–8900, 8400–8300 (possibly related to the 8200 yr event), and 7800–7000 cal yr B.P. coincided with an increase in annual precipitation, a decrease in summer temperature, and a shorter growing season. Conversely, periods of low lake level corresponded to a decrease in annual precipitation, an increase in summer temperature, and a longer growing season. This general pattern could have resulted from alternate southward-northward displacements of the Atlantic Westerly Jet.
Paleoclimatic Reconstruction Using the Correlation in δ18O of Hackberry Carbonate and Environmental Water, North America
Authors: Jahren A. Hope , Amundson Ronald , Kendall Carol , Wigand Peter 
Published: April 2003

AbstractCeltissp. (commonly known as “hackberry”) fruits were collected from 101 North American sites located in 13 states and one Canadian province between the years of 1979–1994. The biomineralized carbonate endocarp of the hackberry, which is a common botanical fossil found throughout the Quaternary sediments of the Great Plains, was analyzed for its δ18O value and plotted against the δ18O value of site environmental water to demonstrate the potential of the hackberry as a paleoclimate indicator. This correlation was reinforced by intensive studies on extracted tissue-water δ18O value and hackberry endocarp carbonate δ18O value from three trees in Sterling, Colorado. The observed correlation in the large data set between hackberry endocarp carbonate δ18O value and environmental water is [endocarp δ18O=38.56+0.69×environmental water δ18O] (R=0.88;R2=0.78;pvalue<0.0001). The relation of the hackberry carbonate to temperature in the Great Plains was the following: (average daily-maximum growing season temperature [°C])=6.33+0.67 (δ18O of endocarp carbonate) (R=0.73;R2=0.54;pvalue=0.0133). The δ18O value of early Holocene fossil hackberry carbonate in the Pintwater Cave, southern Nevada, suggested precipitation δ18O values more positive than today (∼−4‰ early Holocene vs ∼−9 to −10‰ today). This shift, combined with paleobotanical data, suggests an influx of summer monsoonal moisture to this region in the early Holocene. Alternatively, the more positive δ18O values could be viewed as suggestive of warmer temperatures, although the direct use of Great Plains hackberry/temperature relationships to the Great Basin is of debatable value.
Assessment of glucose tolerance and pregnancy outcome of polycystic ovary patients
Authors: Turhan N.Ö. , Seçkin N.C. , Aybar F. , Inegöl I. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectives: To determine the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on glucose tolerance during pregnancy and perinatal outcome. Methods: Pregnancy records of 38 PCOS patients were compared retrospectively with 136 non‐PCOS patients randomly. Patients with glucose challenge tests values of >130 mg/dl were referred for the 3‐h, 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: A family history of diabetes mellitus, pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain was significantly higher in PCOS patients than controls. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was similar in both groups. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was observed in 18.4% of PCOS patients vs. 5.1% of controls. The main predictor of GDM was found pre‐pregnancy BMI >25 while main predictor of IGT was found as PCOS. Mean gestational age at delivery, prevalence of preterm labor, modes of delivery, mean birthweight, mean Apgar score at 5 min, proportion of babies admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Higher IGT prevalence in PCOS patients might be related to maternal obesity and excess gestational weight gain and does not affect perinatal outcome.
A comparison between a 75‐g and 100‐g oral glucose tolerance test in pregnant women
Authors: Soonthornpun S. , Soonthornpun K. , Aksonteing J. , Thamprasit A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectives: To test the validity of a 75‐g, 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using the criteria and reference values suggested by the American Diabetes Association for the 100‐g, 3‐h OGTT. Methods: The results of a 75‐g, 2‐h OGTT were compared with those of a 100‐g, 3‐h OGTT in 42 pregnant women. The women's mean±S.D. age and gestational age were 33.6±5.4 years and 28.2±4.2 weeks, respectively. Each subject was randomly scheduled within 1 week for both the 75‐g and 100‐g OGTTs. Results: The mean plasma glucose concentrations at 1, 2, and 3 h during the 100‐g OGTT were significantly higher than those during the 75‐g OGTT. Using the Carpenter and Coustan criteria, the prevalence of GDM was 21.4% when using the 100‐g, 3‐h OGTT, whereas it was found to be at only 7.1% when using the 75‐g, 2‐h OGTT. Conclusions: Plasma glucose responses during the 75‐g OGTT were found to be lower than those during the 100‐g OGTT. When using the same diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of GDM was also found lower using the 75‐g glucose load. It would therefore not be appropriate to use the 75‐g OGTT for diagnosing GDM using the criteria and reference values of the 100‐g OGTT. To give a comparable prevalence of GDM, the threshold of abnormal plasma glucose levels of the 75‐g OGTT would need to be lower than that of the 100‐g OGTT.
Cervical Lactobacillus and leukocyte infiltration in preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Silva M.G. , Peraçoli J.C. , Sadatsune T. , Abreu E.S. , Peraçoli M.T.S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the possible association between microorganisms present in the cervical secretions and amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and histologic chorioamnionitis. Methods: Thirty‐seven pregnant women with PPROM and 21 healthy pregnant women were studied. Secretions from the cervical canal and amniotic fluid were collected to isolate microorganisms present in the genital tract. Cervical smears were Gram stained and evaluated microscopically. At delivery, chorioamniotic membranes were collected for histopathologic analysis. Results: Microscopic examination of the cervical secretion smears obtained from the PPROM group showed a low rate of Lactobacillus species, large numbers of leukocytes, and a wide diversity of microorganisms compared with the control group. The PPROM group presented an 80% rate of chorioamnionitis. Staphylococcus aureus isolation in cervical secretion was associated with intense inflammatory infiltrate in the membranes and might play a role in the pathogenesis of PPROM. Conclusions: The low colonization of cervical flora by Lactobacillus species associated with an intense leukocyte infiltrate detected in Gram‐stained cervical smears can be considered a rapid method of detecting chorioamnionitis in pregnant women with PPROM.
Vulvar vestibulitis treated by modified vestibulectomy
Authors: Kehoe Sean , Luesley David 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjective: A prospective study to evaluate the success of a modified vestibulectomy in treating vulvar vestibulitis. Methods: Fifty seven consecutive women with vulvar vestibulitis and suitable for surgery based on the criteria: superficial dyspareunia, erythematous vestibular region, positive Q‐tip test, symptoms reduced with local anesthetic cream. A modified vestibulectomy with or without a modified Fentons procedure was performed. Response was based on return to normal coitus, 3 months after surgery. Results: Most women suffered from chronic conditions (median duration of symptoms=18 months). The median age was 28 years (range 18–53). Any infections were treated prior to surgery. All but 4 (7%) had histological abnormalities, mainly non‐specific inflammation. In 18% of women who had cervical cytology some abnormality was detected. Mean follow‐up time was 12 months (range 2–42). Three women were not evaluable. Complete response to surgery was achieved in 33 (61.1%) of the women, partial response was achieved in 15 (27.8%). Six (11.1%) had persistent symptoms, four of whom has psychosexual problems. Conclusion: Presently, surgery remains the most successful intervention for vulvar vestibulitis. Modified surgery which is less destructive seems to afford acceptable results. The completion of randomized studies are needed to recognise the optimum surgical procedure.
Multiple hepatocellular adenomas in a patient with a history of oral contraception
Authors: Caballes R.L , Caballes R.A 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe report a previously undescribed association between multiple hepatocellular adenomas and the use of oral contraceptives in a 29‐year‐old woman. She underwent trisegmentectomy, with 90% of the liver resected. Based on the rather large size of some of the adenomas at the time of diagnosis, most likely, the lesions were already present years before they were discovered. The liver was fully regenerated 6 months after surgery. Four years later, multiple adenomas recurred. During work‐up for a liver transplant, she was found to have cryptococcal meningitis and pneumohydrocephalus which caused her demise.
Three dimensional volume measurement of the cervix during pregnancy compared to conventional 2D‐sonography
Authors: Hoesli I.M , Surbek D.V , Tercanli S , Holzgreve W 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjective: To compare the three dimensional (3D) volume assessment of the cervix with the conventional two‐dimensional cervical length measurement in a low and a high risk group for cervical incompetence. Methods: In an observational study, we investigated a group A of low risk pregnancies (no preterm contractions, no vaginal bleeding or vaginal infections and no history of preterm delivery) and a group B of high risk pregnancies (preterm contractions or PROM). All patients underwent a transvaginal ultrasound investigation with a 7.5 MHz probe using a three‐dimensional ultrasound system (Combison 530, Kretztechnik, Austria). After measuring the cervical length, the internal os and the funneling with the B‐mode, 3D‐volume was recorded twice by the same investigator using the same machine. Since 2D‐length measurement of the cervix has been established to be predictive for spontaneous preterm delivery, we wanted to test whether 3D‐volume assessment has a better discriminative power to differentiate a high‐risk from a low‐risk group. Therefore the 2D and 3D measurements (mm, resp. cm3) were compared between patient groups A and B using the two tailed Student t‐test and Fisher's Exact test. Results: In 2D cervical length measurement the mean cervical length in group A was significantly longer than in group B: 41.1±8.61 mm and 27.77±10.42 mm, P=0.00000017. In 3D‐sonography the mean cervical volume was larger in group A, but the difference compared to group B was not significant: 47.71±18.38 mm and 39.90±12.57 mm, P=0.07. Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis cervical length measurement therefore was superior to cervical volume measurement assessed by 3D ultrasound for identifying women with increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. This may be due to the larger distribution of measurement values in the 3D group.
Influence of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the climate of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada
Authors: Benson Larry , Linsley Braddock , Smoot Joe , Mensing Scott , Lund Steve , Stine Scott , Sarna-Wojcicki Andre 
Published: April 2003

AbstractMono Lake sediments have recorded five major oscillations in the hydrologic balance between A.D. 1700 and 1941. These oscillations can be correlated with tree-ring-based oscillations in Sierra Nevada snowpack. Comparison of a tree-ring-based reconstruction of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index (D’Arrigo et al., 2001) with a coral-based reconstruction of Subtropical South Pacific sea-surface temperature (Linsley et al., 2000) indicates a high degree of correlation between the two records during the past 300 yr. This suggests that the PDO has been a pan-Pacific phenomena for at least the past few hundred years. Major oscillations in the hydrologic balance of the Sierra Nevada correspond to changes in the sign of the PDO with extreme droughts occurring during PDO maxima. Four droughts centered on A.D. 1710, 1770, 1850, and 1930 indicate PDO-related drought reoccurrence intervals ranging from 60 to 80 yr.
Endocannabinoids as mediators in the heart: a potential target for therapy of remodelling after myocardial infarction?
Authors: Hiley C Robin , Ford William R 
Published: April 2003

Endocannabinoid production by platelets and macrophages is increased in circulatory shock. This may be protective of the cardiovascular system as blockade of CB1 cannabinoid receptors exacerbates endothelial dysfunction in haemorrhagic and endotoxin shock and reduces survival. Now evidence suggests that blockade of CB1 receptors starting 24 h after myocardial infarction in rats has a deleterious effect on cardiac performance, while use of a nonselective cannabinoid receptor agonist prevents hypotension and reduces endothelial dysfunction, although left ventricular end diastolic pressure is elevated. Cannabinoids and endocannabinoid systems may therefore present useful targets for therapy following myocardial infarction.British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1183–1184. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705155
CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonism promotes remodeling and cannabinoid treatment prevents endothelial dysfunction and hypotension in rats with myocardial infarction
Authors: Wagner Jens A , Hu Kai , Karcher Jan , Bauersachs Johann , Schäfer Andreas , Laser Martin , Han Hong , Ertl Georg 
Published: April 2003

To study the long‐term effects of altered cannabinoid receptor activity on myocardial and vascular function, Wistar rats were treated with the selective CB1 antagonist AM‐251 (0.5 mg kg−1 d−1), the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU‐210 (50 μg kg−1 d−1) or vehicle for 12 weeks after coronary artery ligation or sham operation.
AM‐251 further reduced the pressure‐generating capacity, shifted the pressure volume curve to the right (P<0.05) and increased the left‐ventricular operating volume (AM‐251: 930±40 μl vs control: 820±40 μl vs HU‐210: 790±50 μl; P<0.05) in rats with large myocardial infarction (MI).
Left‐ventricular CB1 immunoactivity in rats 12 weeks after large MI was unaltered as compared with noninfarcted hearts.
Cannabinoid receptor activation through HU‐210, a cannabinoid that alters cardiovascular parameters via CB1 receptors, increased the left‐ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP, P<0.05). However, it prevented the drop in left‐ventricular systolic pressure (HU‐210: 142±5 mm Hg; P<0.05 vs control: 124±3 mm Hg; and P<0.001 vs AM‐251: 114±3 mm Hg) and prevented endothelial dysfunction (ED) in aortic rings of rats with large MI (P<0.05).
Compared with AM‐251, HU‐210 prevented the decline in the maximal rate of rise of left‐ventricular pressure and the maximum pressure‐generating ability (P<0.05). In rats with small MI, HU‐210 increased cardiac index (P<0.01) and lowered the total peripheral resistance (P<0.05).
The study shows that during the development of congestive heart failure post‐large MI, cannabinoid treatment increases LVEDP and prevents hypotension and ED. Presumed CB1 antagonism promotes remodeling despite unchanged myocardial CB1 expression.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138, 1251–1258. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705156