bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EfficientNet-Based System for Detecting EGFR-Mutant Status and Predicting Prognosis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with NSCLC
Authors: Xu Nan , Wang Jiajun , Dai Gang , Lu Tao , Li Shu , Deng Kexue , Song Jiangdian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe aimed to develop and validate a deep learning-based system using pre-therapy computed tomography (CT) images to detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and predict the prognosis of advanced-stage patients with EGFR mutations treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). This retrospective, multicenter study included 485 patients with NSCLC from four hospitals. Of them, 339 patients from three centers were included in the training dataset to develop an EfficientNetV2-L-based model (EME) for predicting EGFR-mutant status, and the remaining patients were assigned to an independent test dataset. EME semantic features were extracted to construct an EME-prognostic model to stratify the prognosis of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKI. A comparison of EME and radiomics was conducted. Additionally, we included patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma dataset with both CT images and RNA sequencing data to explore the biological associations between EME score and EGFR-related biological processes. EME obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.907 (95% CI 0.840–0.926) on the test dataset, superior to the radiomics model (P = 0.007). The EME and radiomics fusion model showed better (AUC, 0.941) but not significantly increased performance (P = 0.895) compared with EME. In prognostic stratification, the EME-prognostic model achieved the best performance (C-index, 0.711). Moreover, the EME-prognostic score showed strong associations with biological pathways related to EGFR expression and EGFR-TKI efficacy. EME demonstrated a non-invasive and biologically interpretable approach to predict EGFR status, stratify survival prognosis, and correlate biological pathways in patients with NSCLC.
Parent–Youth Attachment Insecurity and Informant Discrepancies of Intrafamilial Aggression
Authors: Thornton Emily M. , Dys Sebastian P. , Sierra Hernandez Carlos , Smith Ryan J. , Moretti Marlene M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigated how youth attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with informant discrepancies of intrafamilial aggression within families where youth have clinically significant mental health challenges (N = 510 youth–parent dyads). Using polynomial regressions, we tested whether youth attachment avoidance and anxiety moderated the absolute magnitude of the association between youth- and parent-reports of aggression toward each other. Furthermore, difference scores were computed to test whether youth attachment was associated with the direction of youths’ reports of the frequency of aggression relative to parents (i.e., did youth under- or over-report). Dyads’ reports of youth-to-parent aggression were more strongly related at high than low levels of attachment anxiety. Results also revealed that youth attachment anxiety was associated with youth over-reporting of youth-to-parent and parent-to-youth aggression (relative to parents), whereas attachment avoidance was associated with youth over-reporting parent-to-youth aggression (relative to parents). These findings highlight the importance of understanding the source of informant discrepancies in social-emotional development and family functioning.
Karl Polanyi against postcolonial theory: beyond Eurocentric anti-Eurocentrism
Authors: Duzgun Eren 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPostcolonial theory has been at the forefront of attempts to remedy the problem of Eurocentrism. This article argues that postcolonial theory has not progressed far enough in successfully treating the problem of Eurocentrism, for it has not sufficiently abided by its own methodological underpinnings, i.e., it has not satisfactorily developed its own critique of the “presentist” conceptions of history. More precisely, postcolonial theory has not shown how to make a complete departure from the methodologically presentist conceptions of capitalism, which, in turn, limits our ability to overcome hierarchical readings of global modernity. To problematize and fill this gap, I take an unconventional tack, turning to a seldomly cited figure in debates on Eurocentrism: Karl Polanyi. I contend that although Polanyi places the origins of capitalist modernity in Europe, his historical sociology provides an alternative and more definitive solution for presentism and Eurocentrism. Polanyi’s rejection of the “economistic” and “dualistic” understandings of human life, his insistence on the commonality and diversity of human degradation in the face of capitalist modernity, and his historically specific conception of the “counter-movement” enable a decidedly non-presentist, non-triumphalist, and non-hierarchical narrative of the genesis and development of the modern present.
Heuristics and semantic spaces for the analysis of students’ work in mathematical problem solving
Authors: Favier Stéphane , Dorier Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this research, our objective is to characterize the problem-solving procedures of primary and lower secondary students when they solve problems in real class conditions. To do so, we rely first on the concept of heuristics. As this term is very polysemic, we exploit the definition proposed by Rott (2014) to develop a coding manual and thus analyze students’ procedures. Then, we interpret the results of these analyses in a qualitative way by mobilizing the concept of semantic space (Poitrenaud, 1998). This detailed analysis of students’ procedures is made possible by collecting audiovisual data as close as possible to the students’ work using an action camera mounted on the students’ heads. We thus succeed in highlighting three different investigation profiles that we have named explorer, butterfly, and prospector. Our first results tend to show a correlation with these profiles and the success in problem-solving, yet this would need more investigation.
Boosting Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis via Tuning of N Dopants in TiO2@CN-Supported Ru Catalysts
Authors: Li Xincheng , Liu Yunhao , Zhao Dejian , Lyu Shuaishuai , Ye Jingwei , Li Xiaoshen , Wu Peipei , Tian Ye , Zhang Yingtian , Ding Tong , Song Song , Cheng Qingpeng , Li Xingang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N)-doped carbon materials as metal catalyst supports have attracted significant attention, but the effect of N dopants on catalytic performance remains unclear, especially for complex reaction processes such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Herein, we engineered ruthenium (Ru) FTS catalysts supported on N-doped carbon overlayers on TiO2 nanoparticles. By regulating the carbonization temperatures, we successfully controlled the types and contents of N dopants to identify their impacts on metal–support interactions (MSI). Our findings revealed that N dopants establish a favorable surface environment for electron transfer from the support to the Ru species. Moreover, pyridinic N demonstrates the highest electron-donating ability, followed by pyrrolic N and graphitic N. In addition to realizing excellent catalytic stability, strengthening the interaction between Ru sites and N dopants increases the Ru0/Ruδ+ ratios to enlarge the active site numbers and surface electron density of Ru species to enhance the strength of adsorbed CO. Consequently, it improves the catalyst’s overall performance, encompassing intrinsic and apparent activities, as well as its ability for carbon chain growth. Accordingly, the as-synthesized Ru/TiO2@CN-700 catalyst with abundant pyridine N dopants exhibits a superhigh C5+ time yield of 219.4 molCO/(molRu·h) and C5+ selectivity of 85.5%.
Supporting Decarbonization of Health Systems—A Review of International Policy and Practice on Health Care and Climate Change
Authors: Hough Emily , Cohen Tanugi-Carresse Arielle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Healthcare is a significant contributor of carbon emissions, which contribute to climate change. There has been an increased focus on the role healthcare should play in reducing emissions in recent years. This review, completed in September and October 2022, explored national commitments among 73 countries to reduce emissions from healthcare and the policies and delivery plans that exist to support their implementation.

Recent Findings
Whilst some countries such as Norway, Columbia, and Australia are working to understand current emissions and develop plans to reduce them, few have published delivery plans for meeting national targets. Broader policies and reports published to date provide a clear set of actions that healthcare can take to reduce emissions. However, more research, innovation, and service redesign will be needed to close the gap to net zero healthcare.

Summary
Some health systems are already taking action to reduce their emissions. However, national incentives, including standardized metrics and reporting, can help drive broader action and pace of delivery.
Thioacetamide Additive Homogenizing Zn Deposition Revealed by In Situ Digital Holography for Advanced Zn Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Kaixin , Li Min , Wang Qinghong , Liu Baohua , Sun Chuang , Yuan Boyu , Lai Chao , Jiao Lifang , Wang Chao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZinc ion batteries are considered as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low-cost, high-safety, and high theoretical capacity. However, dendrite growth and chemical corrosion occurring on Zn anode limit their commercialization. These problems can be tackled through the optimization of the electrolyte. However, the screening of electrolyte additives using normal electrochemical methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Herein, a fast and simple method based on the digital holography is developed. It can realize the in situ monitoring of electrode/electrolyte interface and provide direct information concerning ion concentration evolution of the diffusion layer. It is effective and time-saving in estimating the homogeneity of the deposition layer and predicting the tendency of dendrite growth, thus able to value the applicability of electrolyte additives. The feasibility of this method is further validated by the forecast and evaluation of thioacetamide additive. Based on systematic characterization, it is proved that the introduction of thioacetamide can not only regulate the interficial ion flux to induce dendrite-free Zn deposition, but also construct adsorption molecule layers to inhibit side reactions of Zn anode. Being easy to operate, capable of in situ observation, and able to endure harsh conditions, digital holography method will be a promising approach for the interfacial investigation of other battery systems."Image missing"
Artificial Intelligence for the Electron Ion Collider (AI4EIC)
Authors: Allaire C. , Ammendola R. , Aschenauer E.-C. , Balandat M. , Battaglieri M. , Bernauer J. , Bondì M. , Branson N. , Britton T. , Butter A. , Chahrour I. , Chatagnon P. , Cisbani E. , Cline E. W. , Dash S. , Dean C. , Deconinck W. , Deshpande A. , Diefenthaler M. , Ent R. , Fanelli C. , Finger M. , Finger M. , Fol E. , Furletov S. , Gao Y. , Giroux J. , Waduge N. C. Gunawardhana , Hassan O. , Hegde P. L. , Hernández-Pinto R. J. , Blin A. Hiller , Horn T. , Huang J. , Jalotra A. , Jayakodige D. , Joo B. , Junaid M. , Kalantarians N. , Karande P. , Kriesten B. , Elayavalli R. Kunnawalkam , Li Y. , Lin M. , Liu F. , Liuti S. , Matousek G. , McEneaney M. , McSpadden D. , Menzo T. , Miceli T. , Mikuni V. , Montgomery R. , Nachman B. , Nair R. R. , Niestroy J. , Oregon S. A. Ochoa , Oleniacz J. , Osborn J. D. , Paudel C. , Pecar C. , Peng C. , Perdue G. N. , Phelps W. , Purschke M. L. , Rajendran H. , Rajput K. , Ren Y. , Renteria-Estrada D. F. , Richford D. , Roy B. J. , Roy D. , Saini A. , Sato N. , Satogata T. , Sborlini G. , Schram M. , Shih D. , Singh J. , Singh R. , Siodmok A. , Stevens J. , Stone P. , Suarez L. , Suresh K. , Tawfik A.-N. , Acosta F. Torales , Tran N. , Trotta R. , Twagirayezu F. J. , Tyson R. , Volkova S. , Vossen A. , Walter E. , Whiteson D. , Williams M. , Wu S. , Zachariou N. , Zurita P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. This paper summarizes the different activities and R&D projects covered across the sessions of the workshop and provides an overview of the goals, approaches and strategies regarding AI/ML in the EIC community, as well as cutting-edge techniques currently studied in other experiments.
A Study of Extreme Water Waves Using a Hierarchy of Models Based on Potential-Flow Theory
Authors: Choi Junho , Kalogirou Anna , Lu Yang , Bokhove Onno , Kelmanson Mark 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe formation of extreme waves arising from the interaction of three line-solitons with equal far-field amplitudes is examined through a hierarchy of water-wave models. The Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (KPE) is first used to prove analytically that its exact three-soliton solution has a ninefold maximum amplification that is achieved in the absence of spatial divergence. Reproducing this ninefold maximum paves the way for simulations based on both the Benney–Luke equations (BLE) and more advanced potential-flow equations (PFE). To preserve (for the sake of computations) the region of interaction, exact KPE solutions on an infinite domain are used to yield initial conditions that seed the BLE and PFE models within a periodic domain. The above strategies are realised by directly implementing the corresponding time-discretised variational principles within the finite-element environment Firedrake, one aim being automation of the generation of the algebraically cumbersome weak formulations. In the case of three-soliton interactions, it is found numerically that an amplification factor in the interval circa (7.6, 9) can be achieved within the BLE framework, whereas in the PFE framework, this falls to circa 7.8.
Recycling of SmCo Magnets by Removal of Iron via Oxidative Leaching
Authors: Emil-Kaya Elif , Papakci Merve , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the production of SmCo permanent magnets with excellent temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, samarium (Sm), one of the rare earth elements (REEs), and cobalt (Co) are employed. Cobalt (Co) is a crucial component in tool materials, nickel-based alloys, tablet and smartphone batteries, and electric car batteries. REEs and Co have been listed as critical raw materials by the European Union Commission for many years. Due to the ever-growing demand for Co and REEs in technological applications, the recovery of these elements from secondary sources has garnered significant interest. There are two types of SmCo magnets, one of which contains a high amount of iron, approximately 15.2%. This paper focuses on the recycling of Fe-bearing SmCo. In this study, an oxidative leaching process with nitric acid was developed to eliminate iron through in situ hydrolysis and to dissolve REEs and Co. The influence of experimental conditions on the formation of an amorphous iron compound through the hydrolysis of Fe3+ in a nitric acid environment was thoroughly examined based on a Taguchi orthogonal array. The optimal parameters for oxidative leaching were determined to be an acid concentration of 3 mol/L, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, and a process temperature of 60 °C.
Adaptive anti-predatory responses of European rabbits exposed to different predation pressure
Authors: Tobajas Jorge , Ferreira C. C. , Delibes-Mateos M. , Villafuerte R. , Rouco Zufiaurre Carlos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrey species develop anti-predatory strategies as a response to minimising the risk of being predated. However, how the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) adapts to different predator pressure is not fully known. Here, we studied the adaptive anti-predatory responses of European rabbits exposed to different terrestrial predation pressure. To do this, we took advantage of a rabbit translocation programme in the Sierra Norte Natural Park of Sevilla (SW Spain), where rabbits from the same donor population were translocated in plots with and without terrestrial predator exclusion fences (aerial predation was not excluded in any of the plots). This presented an ideal opportunity to observe whether the behaviour of individuals from the same population adapts to situations with different predator pressure; thus, their behaviour was evaluated through direct observations. Although most rabbits were observed close to cover, differences in distance to cover, group size and behaviour were observed between fenced and unfenced plots. Overall, both adult and juvenile rabbits moved further from cover in the unfenced plot than in the fenced plot. Most of the observations in the unfenced plot corresponded to rabbits in pairs or alone; whereas in the fenced plot, rabbits were primarily in pairs or in larger groups. Our findings suggest that in the unfenced plot, rabbits that moved further from cover were often part of larger groups (≥ 4 rabbits); whereas in the fenced plot, it was rabbits in smaller groups (< 4 rabbits). Rabbits in the unfenced plot were alert and running more frequently than rabbits in the fenced one; in the latter, these rabbits were mostly feeding. Other relaxed behaviours such us grooming or resting were more frequent close to cover. In summary, our results highlight rabbits' capacity to promptly adjust behaviour in response to predation risk, exhibiting adaptive anti-predatory responses tailored to different predation pressures. These insights contribute to understanding the nuanced dynamics of prey species' responses to diverse predation scenarios.
(Non-)Conceptualisations of teaching and learning in innovative learning environments – a meta-narrative review
Authors: Liljestrand Johan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA current trend in educational research on innovative learning environments is to focus on student-centred learning, rather than a teacher-focused classroom. This turn to learning environments comes with theoretical and conceptual challenges concerning the dynamics of the classroom context and the interactions that take place within it. The aim of this review is to map the conceptions of teaching and learning in studies focusing on innovative learning environments and how they are applied in relation to the collected data. The review shows that several studies do not relate their empirical data to theoretical concepts in a systematic way. It is also suggested that the complexity of a learning environment requires an operationalised, conceptual comprehension in order to gain a full understanding of its conditions for teaching and learning.
Artificial intelligence (AI) cybersecurity dimensions: a comprehensive framework for understanding adversarial and offensive AI
Authors: Malatji Masike , Tolah Alaa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) rapidly advances and integrates into various domains, cybersecurity emerges as a critical field grappling with both the benefits and pitfalls of AI technologies. This paper explores the multifaceted dimensions of AI-driven cyberattacks, offering insights into their implications, mitigation strategies, underlying motivations, and profound societal impacts. The research centres on developing and presenting the AI Cybersecurity Dimensions (AICD) Framework, a comprehensive, multidimensional schema designed to guide academics, policymakers, and industry professionals in understanding and combating the evolving challenges posed by AI-driven cyber threats. The research unveils the complex dynamics of offensive AI, stressing the need for adaptive defences and ethical considerations. Concurrently, the study highlights adversarial AI threats, calling for proactive measures to address their potential ramifications. Through rigorous textual analyses and extensive literature reviews, the paper underscores the urgency for interdisciplinary approaches to bridge the technology-humanity chasm traditionally observed in cybersecurity discussions. By synthesising these diverse elements, the AICD Framework emerges as an instrumental tool for holistic understanding and practical interventions in the AI-infused cybersecurity landscape. The paper concludes with an urgent call for collaborative efforts in research and practice to navigate the intricate challenges and capitalise on the opportunities borne from the convergence of AI and cybersecurity.
Saudi Cerebral Palsy Register (SCPR): Protocol on the Methods and Technical Details
Authors: Mushta Sami Mukhdari , Alghamdi Riyad , Almalki Hani , Waqas Saadia , Alawwadh Adel , Barasheed Osamah , Garnan Mohammad , McIntyre Sarah , Rashid Harunor , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis protocol presents a comprehensive proposal for the establishment of the Saudi Cerebral Palsy Register (SCPR), a crucial project for investigating and addressing the prevalence, etiology, and management of cerebral palsy (CP) in Saudi Arabia. The SCPR will not only provide a robust database for ongoing research and analysis but will also serve as a platform for investigating the causes of CP, implementing preventative strategies, and improving the quality of care and outcomes for people with CP and their families in Saudi Arabia. Detailed case definitions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data collection protocols are discussed to ensure the integrity and comparability of the data. The plan also outlines strategic funding, institutional and government endorsement, sustainability considerations, potential challenges and proposed solutions, and expected outcomes and impact. These include creating research and educational opportunities, fostering regional and international collaborations, and significantly contributing to CP prevention strategies. Overcoming anticipated obstacles, such as stigma, institutional policies, and collaborations, and securing both necessary funding and endorsements are highlighted as critical for the success of the SCPR. The project is not only aligned with promote prevention of health risks, a target of Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia, but is also expected to have a substantial impact on the health and quality of life of people with CP and their families in Saudi Arabia, serving as inspiration for similar efforts worldwide.
The free energy of an ecosystem: towards a measure of its inner value
Authors: Perillo Gerardo M. E. , Zilio Mariana I. , Tohme Fernando , Piccolo M. Cintia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on a free energy approach, we propose the estimation of an ecosystem’s Inner Value, which is both non-instrumental and objective, reflecting the ecosystem’s value for itself as a natural entity, abstracted from any human valuation. The ecosystem services approach has become the dominant criterion for studying human and natural relationships, but this and similar approaches concentrate on the human advantage giving little or no regard for the well-being of the ecosystem. Although there is concern about preserving and recuperating damaged ecosystems, we seldom consider how much the ecosystem values itself. Then, we propose that Inner Value could be a tool to evaluate and model ecosystems’ health before any anthropic disturbance, allowing comparison with the impact these disturbances may have in the future. We also suggest that it should be a requirement for any Environmental Impact Assessment.