bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterfeits on dark markets: a measurement between Jan-2014 and Sep-2015
Authors: Soldner Felix , Kleinberg Bennett , Johnson Shane D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCounterfeits harm consumers, governments, and intellectual property holders. They accounted for 3.3% of worldwide trades in 2016, having an estimated value of $509 billion in the same year. Estimations in the literature are mostly based on border seizures, but in this paper, we examined openly labeled counterfeits on darknet markets, which allowed us to gather and analyze information from a different perspective. Here, we analyzed data from 11 darknet markets for the period Jan-2014 and Sep-2015. The findings suggest that darknet markets harbor similar counterfeit product types to those found in seizures but that the share of watches is higher while the share of electronics, clothes, shoes, and Tobacco is lower on darknet markets. Also, darknet market counterfeits seem to have similar shipping origins as seized goods, with some exceptions, such as a relatively high share (5%) of dark market counterfeits originating from the US. Lastly, counterfeits on dark markets tend to have a relatively low price and sales volume. However, based on preliminary estimations, the equivalent products on the surface web appear to be advertised for a multiple of the prices found for darknet markets. We provide some suggestions on how information about darknet market counterfeits could be used by companies and authorities for preventative purposes, showing that insight gathering from the dark web is valuable and could be a cost-effective alternative (or compliment) to border seizures. Thus, monitoring darknet markets can help us understand the counterfeit landscape better.
Early modern knitted caps (fifteenth to sixteenth centuries): analyzing dyes in archaeological samples using microspectrofluorimetry complemented by HPLC–MS
Authors: Nabais Paula , Malcolm-Davies Jane , Melo Maria João , Teixeira Natércia , Behlen Beatrice 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The knitted cap was the ubiquitous and most visible garment men wore throughout early modern society, from apprentices to royals. Documentary evidence also suggests that red was a conventional color for specific garments in the sixteenth century, including knitted caps. However, most knitted caps in museum collections are now a muddy brown characteristic of archaeological textiles, and their original color has seldom been studied. Considering the potential of microspectrofluorimetry for analyzing dyes in ancient textiles and manuscript illuminations, this technique was tested on six caps dating from the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries examined in the Knitting in Early Modern Europe research project. The colors are in good preservation condition in two samples, whereas the others show extensive degradation. The emission and excitation spectra acquired allowed the identification of the similarities and differences between samples, grouping them into different dye sources such as cochineal-based and madder-based (RED1 and RED2, respectively). For the coif cap and split-brimmed cap in good condition, analysis through HPLC–MS confirmed the sources of the dyes as Rubia tinctorum and cochineal. It also disclosed the source for another coif cap as Kermes vermilio (RED4). The other knitted items are possibly madder-based (RED3), but HPLC–MS did not allow confirmation of the madder source. The continuing development of a database of excitation and emission spectra acquired from historical textiles, such as the knitted caps, will support the identification of dye sources and specific formulations. Although this technique demands a comprehensive database of references for comparison with the complex signals identified, it allows for rapid spectra acquisition, providing tremendously valuable information.
Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with colonic metastasis: a case series of three patients
Authors: Otsuka Shinya , Komuro Kazuteru , Suzuoki Masato , Hayasaka Shuhei , Tsuda Momoko , Kubo Kimitoshi , Ueki Tomone , Moriya Yumi , Kimura Noriko , Ohara Masanori 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Although metastatic spread of breast cancer to the gastrointestinal tract is very rare, it is more likely to occur in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) than in ductal carcinoma. Colonic metastasis is particularly rare, and the treatment strategies for these cases are not clearly defined. Herein, we report three cases of ILC with various abdominal symptoms associated with colonic metastasis.

Case presentation
Case 1 A 70-year-old female patient with vomiting and melena was referred to our hospital. Endoscopic examination revealed a Dieulafoy ulcer in the rectum and an elevated lesion in the descending colon. She also had two breast nodules, and was diagnosed as ILC with colonic metastasis. Considering her general condition, the best supportive care (BSC) was offered. The patient died 4 months after confirmation of the diagnosis. Case 2 An 80-year-old female patient presented with diarrhea and vomiting. She was diagnosed with ILC with colonic metastasis, and a coloscopy revealed stenosis of the transverse colon with a metastatic lesion. Ileosigmoid bypass surgery was performed for intestinal obstruction, and systemic treatment for breast cancer was initiated. The patient developed peritoneal carcinomatosis and died 1 year and 2 months after surgery. Case 3 A 56-year-old female patient underwent left total mastectomy for ILC, and laparoscopic transverse colectomy was conducted for a colonic lesion 9 years and 2 months after. The diagnosis as colonic metastasis was not confirmed at that time. Two years and 2 months later, torose lesions were detected in the hepatic flexural and descending colon, and histopathological findings indicated that all colon tumors, including the previously resected tumor, were metastatic spread of ILC. Systemic treatment was continued, but the transverse colonic lesion penetrated the abdominal wall, and an abscess formed 2 years and 11 months after the resection. The fistula improved by continuous suction drainage following ileostomy but recurred, and the patient died 3 years and 8 months after colectomy.

Conclusions
Colonic metastases from breast cancer can trigger various abdominal symptoms, and the prognosis in these cases is generally poor. In selected cases, surgical treatment for abdominal symptoms and subsequent systemic therapy can contribute to a prolonged prognosis.
The economic impact of endemic respiratory disease in pigs and related interventions - a systematic review
Authors: Boeters Marloes , Garcia-Morante Beatriz , van Schaik Gerdien , Segalés Joaquim , Rushton Jonathan , Steeneveld Wilma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the financial consequences of endemically prevalent pathogens within the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and the effects of interventions assists decision-making regarding disease prevention and control. The aim of this systematic review was to identify what economic studies have been carried out on infectious endemic respiratory disease in pigs, what methods are being used, and, when feasible, to identify the economic impacts of PRDC pathogens and the costs and benefits of interventions.ResultsBy following the PRISMA method, a total of 58 studies were deemed eligible for the purpose of this systematic review. Twenty-six studies used data derived from European countries, 18 from the US, 6 from Asia, 4 from Oceania, and 4 from other countries, i.e., Canada, Mexico, and Brazil. Main findings from selected publications were: (1) The studies mainly considered endemic scenarios on commercial fattening farms; (2) The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was by far the most studied pathogen, followed byMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, but the absence or presence of other endemic respiratory pathogens was often not verified or accounted for; (3) Most studies calculated the economic impact using primary production data, whereas twelve studies modelled the impact using secondary data only; (4) Seven different economic methods were applied across studies; (5) A large variation exists in the cost and revenue components considered in calculations, with feed costs and reduced carcass value included the most often; (6) The reported median economic impact of one or several co-existing respiratory pathogen(s) ranged from €1.70 to €8.90 per nursery pig, €2.30 to €15.35 per fattening pig, and €100 to €323 per sow per year; and (7) Vaccination was the most studied intervention, and the outcomes of all but three intervention-focused studies were neutral or positive.ConclusionThe outcomes and discussion from this systematic review provide insight into the studies, their methods, the advantages and limitations of the existing research, and the reported impacts from the endemic respiratory disease complex for pig production systems worldwide. Future research should improve the consistency and comparability of economic assessments by ensuring the inclusion of high impact cost and revenue components and expressing results similarly.
Global Barriers to Accessing Off-Patent Endocrine Therapies: A Renaissance of the Orphan Disease?
Authors: de Silva Nipun Lakshitha , Dissanayake Harsha , Kalra Sanjay , Meeran Karim , Somasundaram Noel P , Jayasena Channa N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Clinical endocrinology encompasses many diseases requiring long-term drug therapy. Prohibitive pricing of some endocrine drugs classified as essential by the World Health Organization has created suboptimal care of patients with endocrine disorders.

Evidence acquisition
This review is based on evidence obtained from several databases and search engines including PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar; reference searches; manual searching for web pages of international regulatory bodies; and the authors’ experience from different healthcare settings.

Evidence synthesis
After the expiry of a patent, generic versions with the opportunity for increased availability and a price reduction are expected. There are access barriers worldwide for many off-patent endocrine drugs. The high price is the main issue for several medicines including insulin, hydrocortisone, testosterone, and gonadotropins. This is caused by several factors including the market monopoly due to the lack of registered generics or suppliers limiting the benefit of competition and a complex supply chain. Additionally, the lack of some medicines has been concerning due to market factors such as the relatively small number of patients, making it less attractive for the manufacturers. Commissioning of nonprofit manufacturers and state manufacturing as well as strict price control measures could alleviate this situation.

Conclusion
Lack of availability and disproportionate price inflation affecting essential off-patent endocrine therapies is common due to several interrelated factors. Global collaboration among healthcare organizations with the support of policymaking bodies might be needed to mitigate this.
Surgical Outcome of Patients With Supratentorial Meningiomas Aged 80 Years or Older—Retrospective International Multicenter Study
Authors: Schwartz Christoph , Rautalin Ilari , Grauvogel Jürgen , Bissolo Marco , Masalha Waseem , Steiert Christine , Schnell Oliver , Beck Jürgen , Ebel Florian , Bervini David , Raabe Andreas , Eibl Thomas , Steiner Hans-Herbert , Shlobin Nathan A. , Nandoliya Khizar R. , Youngblood Mark W. , Chandler James P. , Magill Stephen T. , Romagna Alexander , Lehmberg Jens , Fuetsch Manuel , Spears Julian , Rezai Arwin , Ladisich Barbara , Demetz Matthias , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Niemelä Mika , Korja Miikka 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Demographic changes will lead to an increase in old patients, a population with significant risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality, requiring neurosurgery for meningiomas. This multicenter study aims to report neurofunctional status after resection of patients with supratentorial meningioma aged 80 years or older, to identify factors associated with outcome, and to validate a previously proposed decision support tool.

METHODS:
Neurofunctional status was assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). Patients were categorized in poor (KPS ≤40), intermediate (KPS 50-70), and good (KPS ≥80) preoperative subgroups. Volumetric analyses of tumor and peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) were performed; volumes were scored as small (<10 cm3), medium (10-50 cm3), and large (>50 cm3).

RESULTS:
The study population consisted of 262 patients, and the median age at surgery was 83.0 years. The median preoperative KPS was 70; 117 (44.7%) patients were allotted to the good, 113 (43.1%) to the intermediate, and 32 (12.2%) to the poor subgroup. The median tumor and PTBE volumes were 30.2 cm3 and 27.3 cm3; large PTBE volume correlated with poor preoperative KPS status (P = .008). The 90-day and 1-year mortality rates were 9.0% and 13.2%, respectively. Within the first postoperative year, 101 (38.5%) patients improved, 87 (33.2%) were unchanged, and 74 (28.2%) were functionally worse (including deaths). Each year increase of age associated with 44% (23%-70%) increased risk of 90-day and 1-year mortality. In total, 111 (42.4%) patients suffered from surgery-associated complications. Maximum tumor diameter ≥5 cm (odds ratio 1.87 [1.12-3.13]) and large tumor volume (odds ratio 2.35 [1.01-5.50]) associated with increased risk of complications. Among patients with poor preoperative status and large PTBE, most (58.3%) benefited from surgery.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with poor preoperative neurofunctional status and large PTBE most often showed postoperative improvements. The decision support tool may be of help in identifying cases that most likely benefit from surgery.
Trailblazers in cancer research: the next generation – the British Association of Cancer Research early-career conference
Authors: Greenland Kyle K. , Pennel Kathryn A. F. , Cioccoloni Giorgia , Rogerson Connor , Barnieh Francis M. , Speirs Valerie 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The inaugural ‘British Association of Cancer Research (BACR) Early Career Conference, Trailblazers in Cancer Research 2023’, was a 2-day meeting held in Manchester, UK. Recognising the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to early-career researchers (ECRs), the BACR executive committee organised an in-person conference to address the lack of network and training opportunities during this time. The conference brought together PhD students and post-doctoral researchers from across the UK and beyond, who shared their outstanding contributions to cancer research. The meeting incorporated several cutting-edge cancer themes, including ‘Cancer Cell Signalling and The Tumour Microenvironment’; ‘Emerging Approaches in Cancer Treatment’; ‘Cancer Omics and Lifestyle’, and ‘Nutrition and Cancer’. Alongside showcasing world-class cancer research, the meeting included a career-focused session which allowed industrial and non-academic speakers to provide vital insight into alternative career paths aside from the familiar ‘academic’ route. Importantly, the conference also introduced delegates to Patient Public Involvement in cancer research, an area of limited experience for many. Overall, the BACR Trailblazers Conference was hugely successful and presented an excellent platform for collaboration and networking among ECRs in cancer research.
Insulin signaling in development
Authors: Suzawa Miyuki , Bland Michelle L. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Nutrient intake is obligatory for animal growth and development, but nutrients alone are not sufficient. Indeed, insulin and homologous hormones are required for normal growth even in the presence of nutrients. These hormones communicate nutrient status between organs, allowing animals to coordinate growth and metabolism with nutrient supply. Insulin and related hormones, such as insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like peptides, play important roles in development and metabolism, with defects in insulin production and signaling leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes. Here, we describe the insulin hormone family and the signal transduction pathways activated by these hormones. We highlight the roles of insulin signaling in coordinating maternal and fetal metabolism and growth during pregnancy, and we describe how secretion of insulin is regulated at different life stages. Additionally, we discuss the roles of insulin signaling in cell growth, stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. We provide examples of the role of insulin in development across multiple model organisms: Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse and human.
Mortality caused by extracellular freezing is associated with fragmentation of nuclear DNA in larval haemocytes of two drosophilid flies
Authors: Štětina Tomáš , Koštál Vladimír 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The great complexity of extracellular freezing stress, involving mechanical, osmotic, dehydration and chemical perturbations of the cellular milieu, hampers progress in understanding the nature of freezing injury and the mechanisms to cope with it in naturally freeze-tolerant insects. Here, we show that nuclear DNA fragmentation begins to occur in larval haemocytes of two fly species, Chymomyza costata and Drosophila melanogaster, before or at the same time as the sub-zero temperature is reached that causes irreparable freezing injury and mortality in freeze-sensitive larval phenotypes. However, when larvae of the freeze-tolerant phenotype (diapausing–cold acclimated–hyperprolinemic) of C. costata were subjected to severe freezing stress in liquid nitrogen, no DNA damage was observed. Artificially increasing the proline concentration in freeze-sensitive larvae of both species by feeding them a proline-enriched diet resulted in a decrease in the proportion of nuclei with fragmented DNA during freezing stress. Our results suggest that proline accumulated in diapausing C. costata larvae during cold acclimation may contribute to the protection of nuclear DNA against fragmentation associated with freezing stress.
N-Borane-Substituted Cyclic Phosphine Imides (BCPIs)
Authors: Nagai Shun , Hinogami Takaya , Ogoshi Sensuke , Hoshimoto Yoichi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phosphine imides are ubiquitous nucleophiles/Lewis bases in modern organic chemistry. The introduction of unexplored substituents on the phosphine imidoyl nitrogen and/or phosphorus atoms should facilitate the discovery of unprecedented utility for phosphine imides. Herein, we have designed and prepared a novel class of phosphine imides known as N-borane-substituted cyclic phosphine imides (BCPIs). Experimental and theoretical analyses of the electronic structure of BCPIs demonstrate the existence of substantial negative hyperconjugation between the nitrogen and the phosphorus atoms. Given a characteristic nucleophilic/Lewis basic reactivity of BCPIs, we demonstrate the spontaneous heterolysis of a B–Cl bond in a BCPI-coordinated chloroborane, suggesting that such process is a plausible key step in the Lewis acid-promoted generation of borenium species from chloroboranes, although it has been previously considered unlikely.
Perceived Fatigability, Fatigue, and Mortality in Mid-to-Late Life in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: MARINO FRANCESCA R. , CHEN XIAOMENG , DEAL JENNIFER A. , SIMONSICK ELEANOR M. , FERRUCCI LUIGI , SCHRACK JENNIFER A. , WANIGATUNGA AMAL A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Fatigue is an established prognostic indicator of mortality risk. It remains unknown whether fatigability anchored to a physical task is a more sensitive prognostic indicator and whether sensitivity differs by prevalent chronic conditions.

Methods
A total of 1076 physically well-functioning participants 50 yr or older in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging self-reported fatigue (unusual tiredness or low energy) and had perceived fatigability assessed after a standardized treadmill walk. All-cause mortality was ascertained by proxy contact and National Death Index linkage. Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations of perceived fatigability and fatigue with all-cause mortality, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Interactions by chronic conditions were also examined.

Results
Each 1 SD higher in perceived fatigability, unusual tiredness, or low energy was associated with a higher relative hazard of all-cause mortality after covariate adjustment (fatigability: hazard ratio (HR), 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.36); unusual tiredness: HR, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.08–1.44); low energy: HR, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.10–1.46)). Models had similar discrimination (P > 0.14 for all). Perceived fatigability was associated with mortality risk among participants free of arthritis or osteoarthritis who otherwise appeared healthy (no arthritis: HR, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.15–1.84); arthritis: HR, 1.09 (95% CI, 0.92–1.30); P-interaction = 0.031). Unusual tiredness was associated with mortality among those with a history of diabetes (no diabetes: HR, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.97–1.38); diabetes: HR, 1.65 (95% CI, 1.22–2.23); P-interaction = 0.045) or pulmonary disease (no pulmonary disease: HR, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05–1.43); pulmonary disease: HR, 2.15 (95% CI, 1.15–4.03); P-interaction = 0.034).

Conclusions
Higher perceived fatigability and fatigue symptoms were similarly associated with higher all-cause mortality, but utility differed by chronic condition. Perceived fatigability might be useful for health screening and long-term mortality risk assessment for well-functioning adults. Alternatively, self-reported fatigue seems more disease-specific with regard to mortality risk.
Delivery of an Exercise Program for Breast Cancer Survivors on Treatment in a Community Setting
Authors: Leach Heather J. , Gainforth Heather L. , Culos-Reed S. Nicole 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Exercise can help reduce the negative physical and psychological side effects of breast cancer treatments. Breast Cancer Patients Engaging in Activity while Undergoing Treatment (BEAUTY) is an exercise program that has been operating in a university-based setting for 4 years. This study describes the feasibility of implementing BEAUTY at the YMCA following the RE-AIM framework.

Methods
This is a single-center, single-cohort interventional feasibility study. Breast cancer patients undergoing or within 3 months of completing chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment (N = 12) received individualized exercise programs and group-based exercise classes twice per week for 19 wk. Outcome variables were measured pre- and post program.

Results
YMCA BEAUTY had similar reach to the university BEAUTY program in terms of recruitment rate and representativeness. Participants attended M = 10.7 ± 10.0 classes and 75% completed post program assessments. Participants showed improvement in the 6-min walk test (M∆ = 45.7 m). All other physical outcomes and quality of life were maintained. Overall, the program was delivered as intended, evidenced by outcomes assessed, exercise class, and education session delivery. A key component for setting level maintenance is the expertise of YMCA fitness professionals needed to deliver an exercise program for a clinical population.

Conclusions
On the basis of RE-AIM metrics, BEAUTY was feasible and appears to be promising for improving health and well-being of breast cancer survivors. These findings will inform researchers, clinicians, health professionals, and fitness facilities of the implementation considerations for future community-based programs for cancer survivors undergoing treatment.