bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of an Efficient Non-Backdrivable Mechanism With Wrap Spring for Hand Prosthesis
Authors: Butin Côme , Aoustin Yannick , Gouaillier David , Chablat Damien 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to create a system that enables power transmission non-backdrivability in a hand prosthesis with a single actuator. This system allows the motor to be stopped while maintaining the gripping force to prevent the held object from being dropped. This non-backdrivability allows users, for example, to release muscle contractions while still keeping a tight grip on an object, as well as completely turning off the prosthesis to avoid unintentional commands that could lead to loosening the object. Beyond the functional aspect of non-backdrivability, the physical non-backdrivability of the transmission enables the full power of the motors to be utilized without exceeding their thermal limits. To be effectively used, the non-backdrivable system must be energy efficient. A state-of-the-art analysis of different non-backdrivable mechanisms is conducted, evaluating their functioning and maximum efficiency. A novel system is developed based on an existing principle but with a focus on simplicity of manufacturing and fewer components compared to existing systems. An analysis is conducted to understand the effect of each mechanism parameter, and a dimensioning procedure is derived. A prototype is developed to compare theoretical values with measured values. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed.
Effect of Measurement Location on Cardiac Time Intervals Estimated by Seismocardiography
Authors: Mann Aysha J. , Kakavand Bahram , Thibbotuwawa Gamage Peshala , Taebi Amirtahà 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cardiac time intervals (CTIs) are important parameters for assessing cardiac function and can be measured using non-invasive methods such as electrocardiography (ECG) and seismo-cardiography (SCG). It is widely accepted that SCG signals, when measured from various locations on the chest surface, exhibit distinct temporal and spectral characteristics. In that regard, the goal of this study was to determine the effect of the SCG measurement location on estimating SCG-based CTIs. For this purpose, ECG, SCG,and phonocardiography (PCG) signals wereacquired from fourteen healthy adult subjects, both male and female (Age: 23.5 ± 5.16 years old). Subjects laid still in a supine position and were instructed to breathe normally. Data was recorded for 2 minutes and external noise, if any, was noted and removed. For ECG measurement, Einthoven’s triangle was used by placing three ECG electrodes under the left and right clavicle, and the right lower abdomen. For SCG, three tri-axial accelerometers were attached on the top, middle, and bottom of the sternum with double-sided tape. In this study, only the dorsoventral components of the SCG signals were analyzed. Using Pan-Tompkin’s algorithm, ECG R peaks and their temporal indices were found. Then, a custom-built algorithm in MATLAB was developed to estimate heart rate (HR) from ECG (HRECG) and SCG (HRSCG) signals. Furthermore, SCG fiducial points and CTIs were defined based on the literature and estimated from the SCG signals recorded from different sternal locations. These fiducial points and CTIs include the temporal indices of aortic valve opening, aortic valve closure, and R-R interval, as well as pre-ejection period, left ventricular ejection time, and electromechanical systole. The average and correlation coefficient (R2) of the CTIs and HRs derived from all three locations were compared. Mean difference and standard deviation were analyzed for the CTIs and their respective sensor location. Results showed that the average R2 values between HRECG and HRSCG were 0.9930, 0.9968, and 0.9790 for the top, middle, and bottom sternal locations, respectively. In addition, results demonstrated that SCG-based CTIs varied with the SCG measurement locations. In conclusion, these results highlighted the importance of establishing consistent research and clinical protocols for reporting CTIs based on SCG. This work also calls for further investigation into comparing estimated CTIs with gold-standard methods such as echocardiography and 4D cardiac computed tomography. This will help determine the SCG measurement location that provides the most accurate CTI estimations which in turn can improve the accuracy of SCG-based cardiovascular disease diagnosis algorithms.
A Mobile Health Resistance Training Intervention Using Outdoor Gym Equipment: Process Evaluation of the Ecofit Effectiveness Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jansson Anna K. , Duncan Mitch J. , Bauman Adrian , Smith Jordan J. , Lubans David R. , Attia John , Plotnikoff Ronald C. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Few mobile health resistance-based physical activity interventions have targeted community-dwelling adults. “Ecofit” is a multicomponent intervention that promotes resistance and aerobic activities using smartphone technology, outdoor gyms, and social support. This study evaluated process evaluation outcomes of the ecofit randomized controlled trial: (1) the acceptability and usability of the ecofit smartphone app and app user workouts; (2) perceptions of factors influencing outdoor gym use; and (3) the fidelity, reach, recruitment, and dose received of the ecofit program. Methods: Process data were collected through program evaluation surveys at 3 months, and app usage data were collected via the intervention platform for up to 3 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The survey was completed by 57% (n = 69) of eligible participants. The majority (93%) believed the app provided them with sufficient information to perform muscle-strengthening activities. Approximately half (51%) agreed that the goal-setting function encouraged them to complete their workouts, and 42% agreed that the self-assessment helped them monitor progress. “Proximity” to outdoor gyms emerged as the most important factor for choosing locations to workout (mean = 5.5, SD = 1.1). Participants logged a median of 5.5 (interquartile range = 19) workouts and 1 (interquartile range = 1) upper- and lower-body muscular fitness self-assessment. Conclusions: The ecofit app provided participants with sufficient skills to perform unsupervised resistance training exercises using mobile health. Only half of the participants regarded self-assessments and goal setting as useful, suggesting a need for modifications to how these are implemented. Mobile health remains a promising delivery platform to promote unsupervised resistance training, although more research is needed to improve uptake.
The Influence of Race on Time to Symptom Resolution Following Sport Concussion in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Domena Angelina M. , Rosenblum Daniel J. , Donahue Catherine C. , Resch Jacob E. 
Published: February 2024

Context: Race has been shown to influence computerized neurocognitive test scores, motor function test scores, and reported symptomology following sport-related concussion (SRC). However, the effect race may have on recovery time following SRC remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of race on days until symptom free from SRC in NCAA Division 1 collegiate athletes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Participants were Black (n = 53 [28% female]) and White (n = 150 [43.3% female]) who were on average 19.0 (1.21) and 20.2 (1.3) years of age, respectively. Data were collected from the 2015–2016 to 2020–2021 collegiate sport seasons. Participants were evaluated before and after an SRC at empirically derived time points. The primary outcome measure was time until symptom free (days). Additional outcomes included baseline and postinjury Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test and Sensory Organization Test (SOT) scores. A Mann–Whitney U test compared days to symptom free between groups. Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test and SOT outcome scores were analyzed using a 2 (group) × 2 (time) analysis of variance. Results: White participants had a longer median recovery time (9 d) to symptom free compared with Black participants (6 d [P = .04]). Statistically significant differences were observed between Black 87.3 (9.84) and White 90.4 (8.30) groups for Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test’s verbal memory composite score (P = .03). Postinjury, White participants scored significantly higher 44.5 (5.63) on visual motor speed compared with Black participants (42.4 (5.90) [P = .02]). Within-group SOT differences between baseline and postinjury testing were observed in both groups (all P < .001). Conclusions: Black collegiate athletes achieved symptom resolution sooner than White athletes. We did not explore underlying sociocultural factors such as socioeconomic status or previous concussion education, which may have influenced our results. Future studies should explore factors that may contextualize these findings.
A Self-Study of a Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Program Coordinator
Authors: Shiver Victoria N. , Richards Kevin Andrew , Sinelnikov Oleg A. , Curtner-Smith Matthew D. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The teaching personal and social responsibility model has been incorporated into out of school time programming globally, but there is limited research focused on how practitioners learn to use the model. Guided by occupational socialization theory, the authors used self-study to understand the experiences of a doctoral student as she developed and implemented a teaching personal and social responsibility-based program in an elementary after-school program. Method: Data were collected through reflective journaling and critical friend discussions. Results: Qualitative data analysis resulted in three turning points: (a) a planted seed needs light and rain, (b) an emerging bud with growing roots, and (c) rising in full bloom. High frustration was present at the start, but she grew to fully enjoy and utilize the model. Discussion/Conclusion: Self-study played a role in her ability to continue learning and growing. These findings reinforce the challenging but rewarding process of implementing novel instructional approaches.
Teacher Socialization Research: Leveraging Lessons Learned Toward a Favorable Future for Physical Education
Authors: Richards Kevin Andrew , Kinder Christopher J. , Templin Thomas J. 
Published: February 2024

Occupational socialization theory has been used to guide research related to the lives and careers of teachers and, more recently, teacher educators for around 50 years. Across this time, much has been learned about the factors that attract or deter prospective recruits from seeking occupations in the field, the effectiveness of professional development programming, and individuals’ experiences working in educational systems or scholarly contributions toward larger institutional missions. In this paper, we provide an overview of research stemming from occupational socialization theory before presenting and discussing vignettes that provide illustrative examples of the socialization of physical education teachers and faculty members in action. Building from the discussion across these vignettes, we describe lessons learned related to applying the findings of socialization research in practice before closing with research recommendations. We emphasize topical and methodological diversity in socialization research and provide example studies linked to the current literature.
Fertility policy changes, maternal and foetal characteristics and birth timing patterns at a tertiary referral centre in Beijing: a ten-year retrospective study
Authors: Wang Dehui , Wei Tao , Zhao Fei , Huang Jing 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the impacts of the changing national fertility policy on maternal and fetal characteristics, and birth timing patterns and provide a basis for the management of the obstetric and midwifery workforce.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData from medical register of a tertiary referral centre in Beijing, China.ParticipantsWe included 20 334 births with a gestational age more than 28 weeks during January 2013–September 2023.Main outcomesThe main outcomes included birth numbers, maternal age, parity, birth modes, premature rates, neonatal birth weight, and birth timings.ResultsThe birth rates showed a general rising trend before 2016. Afterwards, the birth rates kept decreasing and reached the bottom level in 2022. The caesarean section rates showed a declining trend, while the assisted birth rates were progressively rising, especially among primiparous women. From 2013 to 2022, the proportions of multiparous women (increasing from 9.3% to 36.6%) and women with advanced maternal age (increasing from 11.4% to 34.5%) were on the rise, together with increasing rates of premature birth (increasing from 5.7% to 8.5%) and neonatal low birth weight (rising from 4.3% to 7.2%) in this population. This study found a significant peak of births between 14:00 and 15:00, which remained unchanged despite shifts in the fertility policy (p<0.001 andR¯values close to 1, respectively).ConclusionThe ‘three-child’ policy did not boost the birth rate further 2 years later after its enactment, and the proportion of multiparous women and women with advanced maternal age were on the rise, accompanied by an increase in rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Targeted training should be offered to healthcare professionals to empower them to deal with possible negative pregnancy outcomes and childbirth complications. Prepregnancy and antepartum education should be parity specific. Adequate midwifery staffing during this 14:00–15:00 is vital to promote a safe birth.
Lisbon Atomic Database (LISA): a compilation of calculated fundamental atomic parameters
Authors: Baptista Gonçalo , Pinheiro Daniel , Machado Jorge , Guerra Mauro , Amaro Pedro , Santos José Paulo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Lisbon Atomic Database (LISA) has a dedicated mission of compiling and providing a comprehensive collection of atomic parameters for the study of the interaction of X-rays with matter. This encompassing array of parameters spans a broad spectrum, extending from the calculation of electron impact ionization cross sections (EIICS) using the Modified Relativistic Binary Encounter Bethe model (MRBEB) , to pivotal data such as fluorescence and Coster–Kronig yields of atomic subshells, binding energies, and the full suite of radiative and non-radiative atomic transition parameters. Except for the EIICS values, all these parameters are obtained through ab initio calculations. These calculations are carried out using a self-consistent ab initio Multi-Configuration Dirac–Fock approach, supported by a specialized code developed by Desclaux, Indelicato, and others (MCDFGME).

Graphical abstract
Radiation of a short linear antenna above a topologically insulating half-space
Authors: Ibarra-Meneses M. , Martín-Ruiz A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe topological magnetoelectric effect is a unique macroscopic manifestation of quantum states of matter possessing topological order and it is described by axion electrodynamics. In three-dimensional topological insulators, for instance, the axion coupling is of the order of the fine structure constant, and hence, a perturbative analysis of the field equations is plenty justified. In this paper, we use Green’s function techniques to obtain time-dependent solutions to the axion field equations in the presence of a planar domain wall separating two media with different topological order. We apply our results to investigate the radiation of a short linear antenna near the domain wall.
Body size variation in a lineage of spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca whitei) contrasts with that expected from the species level
Authors: Semaha Mohamed Jaouhar , Rodríguez-Caro Roberto C. , Fahd Soumia , Mira-Jover Andrea , Giménez Andrés , Graciá Eva 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ectotherms exhibit varying geographic size patterns shaped by environmental and evolutionary factors. This variability is noticeable within taxonomic groups. For instance, certain testudinids follow Bergmann’s rule (body size increases with latitude) and Rensch’s rule (sexual size dimorphism correlates with body size), while others do not. Here we hypothesize that body size patterns can even vary within a monophyletic lineage. To address this, we evaluated the body size patterns of the spur-thighed tortoise Testudo graeca that globally follows Bergmann’s and Rensch’s rules. We specifically investigated the influence of climate variables, latitude and elevation within the subspecies T. g. whitei throughout its natural distribution in North Africa, and in a recently expanded range in SE Spain (20 kya old). We found that males were smaller than females in both regions. The tortoises from SE Spain were smaller than those from North Africa, which showcased the smallest sizes ever reported for the species. Latitude was the main variable to explain tortoise body size. In particular, body size decreased with latitude in both regions, which contrasts with Bergmann’s rule expectations based on species-level findings. Finally, to further contradict species-level expectations, we did not find any statistical correlation between sexual size dimorphism and body size across the two studied regions. Such contradictory outcomes reveal complex geographic size patterns within T. graeca and raise conservation questions about demographic viability at smaller-sized sites.
The Prosecution of Atrocity Crimes in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, between Accountability Logic and Political Strategies
Authors: Mbirigi Ferdinand , Niyonizigiye Pascal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Several efforts have been undertaken to uphold the liability for atrocity crimes in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. Even though the International Criminal Court, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and domestic courts opened proceedings against alleged perpetrators of atrocity crimes in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Central Africa Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, Burundi, and Rwanda, these prosecuting efforts are viewed as pursuing political strategies. Based on documentary analysis and an online research survey, this research paper shows evidence of accountability logic and political strategies. Although the undertaken efforts are in line with the logic of accountability, they remain under the influence of political strategies. The research findings highlight that political strategies have been influencing criminal law codification and its enforcement.
Christian Education in the Chinese Mainland as Education for God’s Love
Authors: Chen Carol 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article investigates how “God’s love” has been working in the Chinese Mainland through different disciplines connected with Christian education. Tao Xingzhi’s “education of love” and his proposals of “life education,” “new education,” “education to love, serve, and sacrifice,” and “teaching and learning are one” contextualized modern education in China. Additionally, Bishop K.H. Ting advocates a “theology of love” as a contextual theology for Christianity in China. Ting regards God’s love as God’s primary attribute and claims that “God is love,” and God’s love is cosmic, leading us to love each other and build up the Body in God’s love. This article further examines the ideologies of Tao and Ting, who identify as both Christian and Chinese and are eager to dialogue with the context of China. Both of them advocate practicing love in education and society. Integrating Christianity and education, Christian education in China could be regarded as education for God’s love.
Radar Signatures and Surface Observations of Elevated Convection Associated with Damaging Surface Winds
Authors: Borchardt Brett S. , Sherburn Keith D. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Identifying radar signatures indicative of damaging surface winds produced by convection remains a challenge for operational meteorologists, especially within environments characterized by strong low-level static stability and convection for which inflow is presumably entirely above the planetary boundary layer. Numerical model simulations suggest the most prevalent method through which elevated convection generates damaging surface winds is via “up–down” trajectories, where a near-surface stable layer is dynamically lifted and then dropped with little to no connection to momentum associated with the elevated convection itself. Recently, a number of unique convective episodes during which damaging surface winds were produced by apparently elevated convection coincident with mesoscale gravity waves were identified and cataloged for study. A novel radar signature indicative of damaging surface winds produced by elevated convection is introduced through six representative cases. One case is then explored further via a high-resolution model simulation and related to the conceptual model of up–down trajectories. Understanding the processes responsible for, and radar signature indicative of, damaging surface winds produced by gravity wave coincident convection will help operational forecasters identify and ultimately warn for a previously underappreciated phenomenon that poses a threat to lives and property.

Significance Statement
We identified unique radar and observational signatures of thunderstorms that produce damaging surface winds through a recently discovered mechanism. The radar and observational signatures can be used to issue warnings to protect lives and property in situations where damaging winds were previously unexpected. Key observational signatures include associated increases in surface pressure, sustained wind, and wind gust magnitudes, as well as little to no change or an increase in surface temperature. In addition, base radar data exhibit a divergence signature, including in regions of little or no detectable precipitation. Additional study is needed to answer why some atmospheric environments are supportive of the unique damaging-wind-producing mechanism while others are not.
Multiple Early Biomarkers to Predict Cognitive Decline in Dementia-Free Older Adults
Authors: Li Juan , Jiang Zhiying , Duan Shengjie , Zhu Xingxing 
Published: February 2024

Introduction Baseline olfactory impairment, poor performance on cognitive test, and medial temporal lobe atrophy are considered biomarkers for predicting future cognitive decline in dementia-free older adults. However, the combined effect of these predictors has not been fully investigated. Methods A group of 110 participants without dementia were continuously recruited into this study, and underwent olfactory, cognitive tests and MRI scanning at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Olfactory function was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Participants were divided into the cognitive decliners and non-decliners. Results Among 87 participants who completed the 5-year follow-up, cognitive decline was present in 32 cases and 55 remained stable. Compared with non-decliners, cognitive decliners presented lower scores on both the UPSIT and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and smaller hippocampal volume at baseline (all P < .001). The logistic regression analysis revealed that lower scores on UPSIT and MoCA, and smaller hippocampal volume were strongly associated with subsequent cognitive decline, respectively (all P < .001). For the prediction of cognitive decline, lower score on UPSIT performed the sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 81.2%, lower score on MoCA with the sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 65.6%, smaller hippocampal volume with the sensitivity of 70.9% and specificity of 78.1%, respectively. Combining three predictors resulted in the sensitivity of 83.6% and specificity of 93.7%. Conclusions The combination of olfactory test, cognitive test with structural MRI may enhance the predictive ability for future cognitive decline for dementia-free older adults.