bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The WISDOM of power spectra: how the galactic gravitational potential impacts a galaxy’s central gas reservoir in simulations and observations
Authors: Gensior Jindra , Davis Timothy A , Bureau Martin , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Cappellari Michele , Ruffa Ilaria , Williams Thomas G 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Observations indicate that the central gas discs are smoother in early-type galaxies than their late-type counterparts, while recent simulations predict that the dynamical suppression of star formation in spheroid-dominated galaxies is preceded by the suppression of fragmentation of their interstellar media. The mass surface density power spectrum is a powerful tool to constrain the degree of structure within a gas reservoir. Specifically here, we focus on the power spectrum slope and aim to constrain whether the shear induced by a dominant spheroidal potential can induce sufficient turbulence to suppress fragmentation, resulting in the smooth central gas discs observed. We compute surface density power spectra for the nuclear gas reservoirs of fourteen simulated isolated galaxies and twelve galaxies observed as part of the mm-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM) project. Both simulated and observed galaxies range from disc-dominated galaxies to spheroids, with central stellar mass surface densities, a measure of bulge dominance, varying by more than an order of magnitude. For the simulations, the power spectra steepen with increasing central stellar mass surface density, thereby clearly linking the suppression of fragmentation to the shear-driven turbulence induced by the spheroid. The WISDOM observations show a different (but potentially consistent) picture: while there is no correlation between the power spectrum slopes and the central stellar mass surface densities, the slopes scatter around a value of 2.6. This is similar to the behaviour of the slopes of the simulated galaxies with high central stellar mass surface densities, and could indicate that high shear eventually drives incompressible turbulence.
Planet migration in massive circumbinary discs
Authors: Teasdale Matthew , Stamatellos Dimitris 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Most stars are in multiple systems, with the majority of those being binaries. A large number of planets have been confirmed in binary stars and, therefore, it is important to understand their formation and dynamical evolution. We perform simulations to investigate the migration of wide-orbit giant planets (semimajor axis 100 au) in massive circumbinary discs (mass $0.1\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) that are marginally gravitationally unstable, using the three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic code seren. We vary the binary parameters to explore their effect on planet migration. We find that a planet in a massive circumbinary disc initially undergoes a period of rapid inward migration before switching to a slow outward migration, as it does in a circumstellar disc. However, the presence of the binary enhances planet migration and mass growth. We find that a high binary mass ratio (binary with equal mass stars) results in more enhanced outward planet migration. Additionally, larger binary separation and/or higher binary eccentricity results to a faster outward planet migration and stronger planet growth. We conclude that wide-orbit giant planets attain wider final orbits due to migration around binary stars than around single stars.
On the damping of tidally driven oscillations
Authors: Dewberry Janosz W , Wu Samantha C 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Expansions in the oscillation modes of tidally perturbed bodies provide a useful framework for representing tidally induced flows. However, recent work has demonstrated that such expansions produce inaccurate predictions for secular orbital evolution when mode damping rates are computed independently. We explore the coupling of collectively driven modes by frictional and viscous dissipation, in tidally perturbed bodies that are both non-rotating and rigidly rotating. This exploration leads us to propose an alternative approach to treating the damping of tidally driven oscillations that accounts for dissipative mode coupling, but which does not require any information beyond the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of adiabatic modes.
Calcinosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Davuluri Srijana , Lood Christian , Chung Lorinda 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
To provide updated information on the prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics of calcinosis cutis associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Recent findings
Observational studies show ethnic and geographical differences in the prevalence of calcinosis. In addition to clinical and serological associations, biochemical studies and in-vivo models have attempted to explain theories behind its pathogenesis, including prolonged state of inflammation, mechanical stress, hypoxia, and dysregulation in bone and phosphate metabolism. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk for calcinosis in SSc. Few single center observational studies have shown mild benefit with minocycline and topical sodium thiosulfate.

Summary
Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of insoluble calcium in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It affects up to 40% of SSc patients and causes significant morbidity. Long disease duration, features of vascular dysfunction, and osteoporosis have been associated with calcinosis. Altered levels of inorganic pyrophosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 have been implicated in dysregulated phosphate metabolism that may lead to calcinosis in SSc. Plain radiography can help with diagnosis and quantifying the calcinosis burden. Surgical treatment remains the most effective therapy when feasible. At present, no medical therapies have proven efficacy in large randomized controlled trials.
RETINAL MICROVASCULAR CHANGES AND RISK FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenyi , Guo Xinying , Jiang Xue , Liu Jian , Han Xuejie , Guo Caixia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To quantify associations between various retinal microvascular changes and the risk for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for cohort studies on the association between retinal microvascular changes and incident CHD up to July 31st, 2023. The summary risk estimates were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the potential source of heterogeneity.

Results:
We identified twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria of this meta-analysis through database searching. The study yielded significant associations between retinal microvascular changes, including arteriolar narrowing, venular widening, vessel occlusion, and other retinal vascular signs, and the risk of CHD, with pooled adjusted hazard ratios of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.27). In gender- and age-stratified analyses, retinal microvascular changes were associated with a greater risk of developing CHD in females and younger adults.

Conclusion:
A range of retinal microvascular changes was associated with the risk of CHD, particularly in females and younger ages. The results of our study support the concept that retinal microvascular abnormalities may be markers for future CHD. Non-invasive retinal microvascular assessments may be helpful in screening patients with increased CHD risk.
Tongxinluo capsule in combination with conventional therapies for stable angina pectoris: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Feng Ruli , Lin Qian , Wei Dawei , Li Yan , Zhang Rong , Jiang Kaixin , Li Yuxuan , Xie Long , Xia Junyan , Zheng Peixun , Ji Xiang , Wang Wujiao , Qu Xinyan , Gao Qun , Pan Yi , Liu Jing 
Published: October 2023

Background:
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Tongxinluo capsule (TXLC) in combination with conventional therapies for treating stable angina pectoris (SAP) through a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for randomized controlled trials investigating the use of TXLC as adjuvant therapy for SAP published up to June 2023. The Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1, and publication bias was assessed using Begg test and Egger test in the Stata SE 12.0 software. GRADEpro was used to assess the quality of the evidence.

Results:
This meta-analysis included 26 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2352 patients. TXLC co-administration demonstrated significant reduction in angina attack frequency (mean difference (MD) −0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.97 to −0.84, P < .00001) and duration (MD −1.71, 95% CI −2.24 to −1.19, P < .00001), decreased use of nitroglycerin tablets (MD −6.28, 95% CI −7.16 to −5.41, P < .00001), lowered C-reactive protein (MD −1.19, 95% CI −1.35 to −1.03, P < .00001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (MD −0.68, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.51, P < .00001). TXLC co-administration did not increase gastrointestinal reactions (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.38 to 3.57, P = .78). The Begg test and Egger test results indicated no publication bias. The evidence quality was rated as very low for frequency of angina attack, duration of angina attack, and nitroglycerin usage, and low for C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and gastrointestinal reaction events.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis supports TXLC as a beneficial adjunct treatment for SAP.
A Novel Chin-Reductive Drawer Genioplasty Using Subapical and Mandibular Contouring Ostectomy
Authors: Wang Yu , Guo Xiaoshuang , Zhang Dong , Jin Xiaolei 
Published: October 2023

Summary:
As the most prominent feature of the lower face, the chin is crucial to human facial morphology, and plays a large role in contributing to facial attractiveness and harmony. Although an increasing number of genioplasty procedures are being introduced for chin augmentation, chin reduction procedures are rarely performed. Because of the inevitable cervicomental angle widening and relaxation of the floor-of-mouth muscles caused by chin shortening and the elevation of the lower edge of the mandible, chin reduction remains a challenging procedure. The authors’ novel drawer-genioplasty approach involves a flexible chin-reducing procedure using subapical and mandibular contouring ostectomy. This technique can effectively shorten various types of long chin for improved facial proportions and maximize floor-of-mouth muscle protection during surgery, thereby avoiding postoperative submental sagging. Several measures, including the ratio between the lower (subnasale to menton distance) and middle facial heights (glabella to subnasale distance) (R1), the ratio between the anterior midline bone heights of the mandible (stomion to menton distance) and maxilla (subnasale to stomion distance) (R2), and the cervicomental angle, were used to evaluate the outcome of the procedure. Comparing the preoperative and postoperative measures revealed that there was a significant decrease in both R1 (1.25 ± 0.15 versus 1.09 ± 0.12) and R2 (1.94 ± 0.24 versus 1.58 ± 0.11). Although cervicomental angle increased from 107.3 ± 8.2 degrees preoperatively to 112.4 ± 7.0 degrees postoperatively, this value was still within the normal range. In addition to providing effective and significant aesthetic improvements, drawer genioplasty is safe and involves no complications.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Predictors of Post-switch Viremia in People With HIV on Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine
Authors: Hill Lucas , Kenney Stephanie , Patel Nimish , Yin Jeffrey , Abulhosn Kari , Karim Afsana , Bamford Laura 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Predictors of virologic failure in those receiving long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) have been evaluated; however, factors associated with low-level viremia, including blips and persistent low-level viremia (pLLV), are not well-described.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed using data from April 2021 through December 2022. Inclusion criteria included treatment with CAB/RPV for at least 3 months, availability of pre- and postswitch HIV RNA values, HIV RNA value of <200 copies/mL (cpm) at the time of switch to CAB/RPV, and at least 1 postswitch HIV RNA collected >21 days after the start of CAB/RPV. Outcomes included incidence of HIV RNA ≥20, ≥50, and ≥200 cpm after switch and factors associated with detectable HIV RNA after switch.

Results:
The median duration of follow-up among 144 participants was 287 days. After switching to CAB/RPV, occurrences of at least 1 HIV RNA ≥20, ≥50, and ≥200 cpm after switch were 34.7%, 15.3%, and 2.8%, respectively. Those with pLLV before switch were significantly more likely to have detectable HIV RNA after switch [hazard ratio 24.39 (8.71–68.34)], and 44.4% of those with pLLV before switch continued with pLLV after switch to LAI CAB/RPV. Body mass index, late injection, and monthly versus every two-month dosing were not associated with detectable viremia after switch.

Conclusions:
Despite virologic suppression at the time of switch and the perceived adherence benefits, participants still experienced blips or pLLV after switch to LAI CAB/RPV. Having detectable HIV RNA on oral therapy before switch was associated with detectable HIV RNA after switching.
Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Helical Defects Using a Superior Auricular Artery-Based Postauricular Chondrocutaneous Flap
Authors: Evin Nuh , Evin Seyda Guray 
Published: October 2023

Background
The helix is the most common localization of auricular defects. Various techniques have been successfully used for the reconstruction of helical defects. However, redistributing the remaining auricular tissue to supply an ideal reconstruction base provides the best possible esthetic outcomes. The aim of this study is to present a new design for a postauricular chondrocutaneous flap to reconstruct the 3-dimensional curve and the folded structures in full-thickness helical defects.

Methods
Nineteen patients with full-thickness helical defects were treated with the superior pedicle chondrocutaneous flap based on the superior auricular artery. The flap was designed on the postauricular area and comprised 3 sections, namely, deepithelialized, chondrocutaneous, and cutaneous sections (proximal to distal). Levels of patient's satisfaction on the final shape and auricular symmetry, and tissue compatibility between the flap and surrounding tissues were evaluated by the patients and objective observers.

Results
The overall dimensions, projections, and curved structures of the defective helix maintained a smooth and contiguous appearance without asymmetry, notching, or trap-door deformities. The color, texture, and thickness of the flaps matched well with the adjacent auricles, and there was a moderate positive correlation between patient (9.47 ± 0.51) and observer (8.68 ± 0.63) correlation scores (r = 0.7485). The vast majority of the patients were very satisfied with the surgical outcome, and there was a statistically significant improvement in patient satisfaction (mean preoperative score, 1.26 ± 0.45; mean 12-month score, 4.79 ± 0.42; P < 0.00001).

Conclusions
Reconstruction of full-thickness helical defects requires “like tissue” characteristics and 3-dimensional cartilage support to avoid depression and notch deformities. The postauricular chondrocutaneous flap based on the superior auricular artery was shown to preserve the helical curve and folded sulcus, retain the size and subunits of the auricle, and ensure a color, texture, and thickness match between the flap and the adjacent tissues.
Mortality and Severe Complications Among Newly Graduated Surgeons in the United States
Authors: Howard Ryan A. , Thelen Angela E. , Chen Xilin , Gates Rebecca , Krumm Andrew E. , Millis M Andrew , Gupta Tanvi , Brown Craig S. , Bandeh-Ahmadi Hoda , Wnuk Greg M. , Yee Chia Chye , Ryan Andrew M. , Mukherjee Bhramar , Dimick Justin B. , George Brian C. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To evaluate severe complications and mortality over years of independent practice among general surgeons.

Summary Background Data:
Despite concerns that newly graduated general surgeons may be unprepared for independent practice, it is unclear whether patient outcomes differ between early and later career surgeons.

Methods:
We used Medicare claims for patients discharged between July 1, 2007 and December 31, 2019 to evaluate 30-day severe complications and mortality for 26 operations defined as core procedures by the American Board of Surgery. Generalized additive mixed models were used to assess the association between surgeon years in practice and 30-day outcomes while adjusting for differences in patient, hospital, and surgeon characteristics.

Results:
The cohort included 1,329,358 operations performed by 14,399 surgeons. In generalized mixed models, the relative risk (RR) of mortality was higher among surgeons in their first year of practice compared to surgeons in their 15th year of practice (5.5% [95% CI 4.1%-7.3%] vs. 4.7% [95% CI 3.5%-6.3%], RR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11-1.22). Similarly, the relative risk of severe complications was higher among surgeons in their first year of practice compared to surgeons in their 15th year of practice (7.5% [95% CI 6.6%-8.5%]) vs. 6.9% [95% CI 6.1%-7.9%], RR 1.08 [95% CI 1.03-1.14]). When stratified by individual operation, 21 operations had a significantly higher relative risk of mortality and all 26 operations had a significantly higher relative risk of severe complications in the first compared to the 15th year of practice.

Conclusions:
Among general surgeons performing common operations, rates of mortality and severe complications were higher among newly graduated surgeons compared to later career surgeons.
Do hospital-based emergency Medicaid programs benefit trauma centers? A mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Knowlton Lisa Marie , Logan Daniel S. , Arnow Katherine , Hendricks Wesley D. , Gibson Alexander B. , Tran Linda D. , Wagner Todd H. , Morris Arden M. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION
Hospital Presumptive Eligibility (HPE) is a temporary Medicaid insurance at hospitalization, which can offset patient costs of care, increase access to postdischarge resources, and provide a path to sustain coverage through Medicaid. Less is known about the implications of HPE programs on trauma centers (TCs). We aimed to describe the association with HPE and hospital Medicaid reimbursement and characterize incentives for HPE participation among hospitals and TCs. We hypothesized that there would be financial, operational, and mission-based incentives.

METHODS
We performed a convergent mixed methods study of HPE hospitals in California (including all verified TCs). We analyzed Annual Financial Disclosure Reports from California's Department of Health Care Access and Information (2005–2021). Our primary outcome was Medicaid net revenue. We also conducted thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with hospital stakeholders to understand incentives for HPE participation (n = 8).

RESULTS
Among 367 California hospitals analyzed, 285 (77.7%) participate in HPE, 77 (21%) of which are TCs. As of early 2015, 100% of TCs had elected to enroll in HPE. There is a significant positive association between HPE participation and net Medicaid revenue. The highest Medicaid revenues are in HPE level I and level II TCs. Controlling for changes associated with the Affordable Care Act, HPE enrollment is associated with increased net patient Medicaid revenue (b = 6.74, p < 0.001) and decreased uncompensated care costs (b = −2.22, p < 0.05). Stakeholder interviewees' explanatory incentives for HPE participation included reduction of hospital bad debt, improved patient satisfaction, and community benefit in access to care.

CONCLUSION
Hospital Presumptive Eligibility programs not only are a promising pathway for long-term insurance coverage for trauma patients but also play a role in TC viability. Future interventions will target streamlining the HPE Medicaid enrollment process to reduce resource burden on participating hospitals and ensure ongoing patient engagement in the program.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Economic And Value Based Evaluations; Level II.
Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Keyl Julius , Keyl Philipp , Montavon Grégoire , Hosch René , Brehmer Alexander , Mochmann Liliana , Jurmeister Philipp , Dernbach Gabriel , Kim Moon , Koitka Sven , Bauer Sebastian , Bechrakis Nikolaos , Forsting Michael , Führer-Sakel Dagmar , Glas Martin , Grünwald Viktor , Hadaschik Boris , Haubold Johannes , Herrmann Ken , Kasper Stefan , Kimmig Rainer , Lang Stephan , Rassaf Tienush , Roesch Alexander , Schadendorf Dirk , Siveke Jens T. , Stuschke Martin , Sure Ulrich , Totzeck Matthias , Welt Anja , Wiesweg Marcel , Baba Hideo A. , Nensa Felix , Egger Jan , Müller Klaus-Robert , Schuler Martin , Klauschen Frederick , Kleesiek Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite advances in precision oncology, clinical decision-making still relies on limited parameters and expert knowledge. To address this limitation, we combined multimodal real- world data and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) to introduce novel AI-derived (AID) markers for clinical decision support.We used deep learning to model the outcome of 15,726 patients across 38 solid cancer entities based on 350 markers, including clinical records, image-derived body compositions, and mutational tumor profiles. xAI determined the prognostic contribution of each clinical marker at the patient level and identified 114 key markers that accounted for 90% of the neural network’s decision process. Moreover, xAI enabled us to uncover 1,373 prognostic interactions between markers. Our approach was validated in an independent cohort of 3,288 lung cancer patients from a US nationwide electronic health record-derived database.These results show the potential of xAI to transform the assessment of clinical parameters and enable personalized, data-driven cancer care.
Gender of firm leadership, audit committee gender diversity and audit quality through the lens of audit fee: a Ghanaian insight
Authors: Luh Peter Kodjo 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine how woman leadership (i.e., woman board chairperson, woman chief executive officer (CEO) and board gender diversity) affects audit fee and also ascertained the interactive effect of woman leadership and gender diversity on audit committee on audit fee.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applied ordinary least square and fixed-effect estimators on the data of 21 universal banks in Ghana for the period 2010–2021 to estimate the empirical results.

Findings
It is revealed that under the leadership of women (woman CEO and board gender diversity), higher external audit quality is ensured as higher audit fee is paid. Interestingly, it was found that with the presence of women on the audit committee, the integrity of internal controls and internal audit procedures are enhanced, which leads to quality financial reporting, calls for lower audit effort, hence lower audit fee.

Practical implications
The result indicates that firms can rely on the leadership of women in ensuring quality external audit and quality financial reporting, which ultimately helps to minimize the information risk to all stakeholders.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to extant literature by establishing that, under the leadership of women in banking entities from a developing country context, external audit quality and financial reporting are achieved.