bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptone preparation from fishing by‐products
Authors: Vieira Gustavo HF , Vieira Regine HSF , Macrae Andrew , Sousa Oscarina V 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPanulirus argus and P laevicauda lobster carapace meat, lobster tail parings, whole shrimp tails from Cinnamon shrimp, (Macrobachium amazonicum) and scraps left over from filleting Piaui croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus) were separated, hydrolysed and then lyophilised and used as individual sources of peptone in media for the cultivation of Escherichia coli. The composition of the test media was: 0.3% meat extract, 0.5% peptone and 0.1% lactose. These new sources of peptone were compared with commercially obtained peptone (OXOID), commonly used in laboratory media, and which served as the control. E coli growth curves for each source of peptone were evaluated using the turbidimetry method and biomass quantification was determined by the dry curve method in order to obtain the respective growth rates for these media. E coli grew faster and for longer using alternative sources of peptone than with the control. The peptone yield from lobster carapace meat was 17.6%, from lobster tail parings 10.2%, from Piaui croaker fish scraps 23% and from whole Ciannamon shrimp tails 12.9%. Growth curves and the biomass figures indicate the feasibility of using these fishery by‐products as raw materials for peptone production for microbial media. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
An econometric analysis of trends in research joint venture activity
Authors: Link Albert N. , Paton David , Siegel Donald S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEdith Penrose noted that firms may need to rely on research joint ventures (RJVs) to acquire access to resources that can help them achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. We estimate an econometric model of the propensity of firms to disclose their intention to engage in RJVs, in order to explain the recent precipitous decline in RJVs filed with the US Department of Justice. We find that RJV activity is inversely related to the competitive position of US firms in global high‐technology industries and that the establishment of the US Commerce Department's Advanced Technology Program (ATP) induced a structural change in the propensity of firms to engage in RJVs. Thus, two factors may explain the recent downturn in RJVs: a substantial improvement in US global performance in high‐technology markets and a sharp decline in ATP funding. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the Penrose effect in an international business context: the dynamics of Japanese firm growth in US industries
Authors: Tan Danchi , Mahoney Joseph T. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPenrose (1959) theoretically developed the research proposition that the finite capacities of a firm's internally experienced managers limit the rate at which the firm can grow in a given period of time. One empirical implication that follows logically from this line of reasoning is thata fast‐growing firm will eventually slow down its growth in the subsequent time periodbecause its firm‐specific management team, which is posited to be inelastic at least in the short run, is unable to handle effectively the increased demands that are placed on these internally experienced managers due to increased complexity as well as the time and attention that the new managers require from these internally experienced managers. Consequently, inefficiency in the firm's current operations will follow if the firm maintains its high rate of growth. The research proposition that a firm cannot remain operationally effective if it maintains high rates of growth in successive time periods, and that consequently those firms with foresight typically willslow down their growth in the subsequent time periodis known as the ‘Penrose effect’ in the research literature, and this effect of dynamic adjustment costs has been examined and corroborated in a few empirical research studies. However, researchers have not yet examined the Penrose effect in an international business context.The current paper examines the Penrose effect in an international business context by exploring under what conditions Japanese firms achieve high growth in consecutive time periods in the entered US industries. The empirical results indicate that, consistent with Penrose's (1959) resource‐ based theory prediction, Japanese multinational firms that entered in US industries where the extent of knowledge tacitness, globalization, and unionization was high, rapid expansion growth in one time period had negative impacts on growth in the subsequent time period. Thus, dynamic adjustment costs limit the rate of the growth of the firm and the development of dynamic capabilities in this international business context, which suggests that the Penrose effect may be widely applicable to international business and corporate strategy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Penrose and the growth of multinational firms
Authors: Kay Neil M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we look at the relationship of Penrose's theory of the growth of the firm to the multinational enterprise.We argue that one element in exploring the nature and evolution of the MNE may lie in asking the question; ‘what was there before there was the MNE?’ The answer to this may lie in examining corporate growth processes and the evolution of large firms through internal growth and external growth. By placing the MNE in the broader context of Penrosian growth processes, it may be possible to develop a fuller analysis of the globalisation of economic activity.We also argue that the potential benefits from pursuing such possible links may not just be limited to work in the international business field. By developing an approach to the multinational based on such foundations, it may be possible to contribute to understanding and analysis in areas (such as corporate growth) that have been traditionally regarded as the preserve of the industrial organisation theorists, but which have been relatively neglected by them in recent years. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Edith Penrose's contribution to economics and strategy: an overview
Authors: Thompson Steve , Wright Mike 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe motivation behind this special issue ofManagerial and Decision Economicswas two‐fold: First, the special issue offered the opportunity to re‐consider the huge contribution of Edith Penrose to the fields of strategy and economics. Second, it allowed us to present new research from both perspectives on the process of firm growth, an area pioneered by Penrose. In this introduction we discuss the contributions to the special issue in the context of Edith Penrose's life and work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manpower allocation with time windows and job‐teaming constraints
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Lim Andrew , Rodrigues Brian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this work, we study manpower allocation with time windows and job‐teaming constraints. A set of jobs at dispersed locations requires teams of different types of workers where each job must be carried out in a preestablished time window and requires a specific length of time for completion. A job is satisfied if the required composite team can be brought together at the job's location for the required duration within the job's time window. The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the total number of workers and the total traveling time. We show that construction heuristics used with simulated annealing is a good approach to solving this NP‐hard problem. In experiments, this approach is compared with solutions found using CPLEX and with lower bounds obtained from a network flow model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Anticancer effect of hyperthermia on prostate cancer mediated by magnetite cationic liposomes and immune‐response induction in transplanted syngeneic rats
Authors: Kawai Noriyasu , Ito Akira , Nakahara Yoko , Futakuchi Mitsuru , Shirai Tomoyuki , Honda Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Takeshi , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe hyperthermic effect of magnetic particles was examined in rat prostate cancer in vivo. Magnetic cationic liposomes (MCLs) have a positive surface charge and generate heat in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) due to hysteresis losses.METHODSRat prostate cancer cells (PLS 10; androgen independent) were injected subcutaneously into the flank of F344 rats. MCLs were injected into rat prostate cancer nodules that had grown to 5–6 mm in diameter, and were then exposed to an AMF. Tumor growth rates were measured. To examine whether hyperthermia caused immune induction for PLS 10, cytotoxicity assays and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, and Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 were performed.RESULTThe tumor temperature increased to 45°C whereas the body temperature remained at around 38°C. Tumor regression was observed in the hyperthermic group. CD3, CD4, and CD8 immunocytes were present in the tumor tissues of the rats exposed to hyperthermia, but they were not detected in any of the tumor tissue of untreated rats. HSP70 also appeared in the viable area at its boundary with the necrotic area. The cytotoxic activity of tumor‐transplanted rats for PLS 10 cells increased in hyperthermic‐treatment rats.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that hyperthermia using MCLs is an effective therapy for prostate cancer, since this treatment appears to kill the prostate cancer cells not only directly by heating but also by inducing an immune response. This therapy may cure not only the primary lesion but also metastatic lesions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dislocation density reduction in GaN using porous SiN interlayers
Authors: Sagar Ashutosh , Feenstra R. M. , Inoki C. K. , Kuan T. S. , Fu Y. , Moon Y. T. , Yun F. , Morkoç H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe influence of a thin porous SiNx interlayer on the growth of GaN by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been studied. The interlayer is deposited on a GaN template by introducing silane in the presence of ammonia into the MOCVD chamber, and a GaN overlayer is deposited on the interlayer. The SiNx interlayer produces inhomogeneous nucleation and lateral growth of the overlayer, causing bending of dislocations towards facet walls, and it also blocks some dislocations from entering the overlayer. The dislocation density for a GaN overlayer grown on a SiNx interlayer was reduced to 7 × 108 cm–2, which is an order of magnitude less than that for a control sample grown without an interlayer. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Packaging performance comparison for distribution and export of papaya fruit
Authors: Chonhenchob Vanee , Singh S. Paul 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the development and testing procedures for new packaging systems for papaya fruit. Papaya is a nutritious tropical fruit, consumed both in its fresh form and as a processed product worldwide. Thailand is a major exporter of fresh and processed papayas from Asia. Major quality indices for papayas include colour, size, firmness and freedom from defects and decay. A high percentage of post‐harvest losses of papaya fruits have been reported as exports have increased. Mechanical damage is one of the major causes of the quality loss of papaya fruits, therefore, proper packaging is demanded for better protection. In addition, other criteria are important to meet consumer acceptance. New packaging systems for papayas were compared with the existing systems currently used for local markets. The packaging systems were evaluated in terms of physical protection, heat transfer characteristics for rapid cooling and maintaining optimum temperature and relative humidity during post‐harvest, quality maintenance, and marketing issues. Two cushioning systems, foam nets and paper‐based wrap materials, were also compared. Actual shipment and vibration tests were performed and the effect on quality was determined. The new packaging systems tested showed better protective performance and improved quality parameters, as compared to existing systems. Minimized mechanical injuries resulted in a decreased susceptibility to decay and bruising. Paper‐based cushions showed similar protection to plastic foam nets materials but offered a better ripening response for papayas. The data were compared to seek an optimum packaging system for papayas based on the various criteria. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional hydrogen atom confined in circles, angles, and circular sectors
Authors: Chaos‐Cador L. , Ley‐Koo E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Schrödinger equation for the 2D hydrogen atom is separable in circular coordinates (ρ = $\sqrt{x^{2} + y^{2}}$, φ = tan−1 y/x). In this article the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of such an atom in three different situations of confinement inside (a) a circle (0 ≤ ρ ≤ ρ0, 0 ≤ φ ≤ 2π), (b) an angle (0 ≤ ρ ≤ ∞, 0 ≤ φ ≤ φ0), and (c) a circular sector (0 ≤ ρ ≤ ρ0, 0 ≤ φ ≤ φ0) are explicitly constructed. Characteristic properties of the atom in its ground state for each situation of confinement such as the polarizability for (a) and electric dipole moment for (b) and (c) are also evaluated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: XIX ISO 17331:2004—Surface chemical analysis—Chemical methods for the collection of elements from the surface of silicon‐wafer working reference materials and their determination by total‐reflection x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy
Authors: Mori Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis international standard specifies chemical methods for the collection of iron and/or nickel from the surface of silicon‐wafer working reference materials by the vapour‐phase decomposition method or the direct acid droplet decomposition method. The determination of the elements collected may be carried out by total‐reflection x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as by graphite‐furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. This international standard applies to iron and/or nickel atomic surface densities from 6 × 109 to 5 × 1011 atoms cm−2. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of Fermentation Parameters Using Partial Data
Authors: Gomes James , Menawat Anil S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFrequently state variables in fermentation processes cannot be measured for the lack of sensors or interference. For example, in complex medium fermentations it is nearly impossible to obtain reliable estimates of the cell concentration. Absence of such data makes it difficult to model the fermentation process accurately. In such situations a mathematical technique called external differential representation (EDR) can be used to identify the system model by estimating the parameters in the absence of part of the data. The objective of this method is to rewrite the system equations in terms of the higher order differential equations in the input and output variables. This reduces the number of state variables needed to estimate the parameters. Additionally, relationships between the measured variables and the measured outputs and known inputs can also be developed which can be used to predict the unmeasured states. The reconstruct‐ibility of the system with the selected output is central to this analysis. This method is demonstrated on two systems—gibberellin and gramicidin S fermentations. The external differential representation in each case is used to identify the system parameters using only partial data, and the accuracy in predicting the unmeasured variables is checked with the complete data.
A selective novel low‐molecular‐weight inhibitor of IκB kinase‐β (IKK‐β) prevents pulmonary inflammation and shows broad anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Ziegelbauer Karl , Gantner Florian , Lukacs Nicholas W , Berlin Aaron , Fuchikami Kinji , Niki Toshiro , Sakai Katsuya , Inbe Hisayo , Takeshita Keisuke , Ishimori Mina , Komura Hiroshi , Murata Toshiki , Lowinger Timothy , Bacon Kevin B 
Published: March 2005

Pulmonary inflammatory diseases such as asthma are characterized by chronic, cell‐mediated inflammation of the bronchial mucosa.
Recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells is orchestrated by a variety of mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, or adhesion molecules, the expression of which is regulated via the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB).
NF‐κB signaling is controlled by the inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex (IKK), a critical catalytic subunit of which is IKK‐β.
We identified COMPOUND A as a small‐molecule, ATP‐competitive inhibitor selectively targeting IKK‐β kinase activity with a Ki value of 2 nM.
COMPOUND A inhibited stress‐induced NF‐κB transactivation, chemokine‐, cytokine‐, and adhesion molecule expression, and T‐ and B‐cell proliferation.
COMPOUND A is orally bioavailable and inhibited the release of LPS‐induced TNF‐α in rodents.
In mice COMPOUND A inhibited cockroach allergen‐induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and efficiently abrogated leukocyte trafficking induced by carrageenan in mice or by ovalbumin in a rat model of airway inflammation.
COMPOUND A was well tolerated by rodents over 3 weeks without affecting weight gain.
Furthermore, in mice COMPOUND A suppressed edema formation in response to arachidonic acid, phorbol ester, or edema induced by delayed‐type hypersensitivity.
These data suggest that IKK‐β inhibitors offer an effective therapeutic approach for inhibiting chronic pulmonary inflammation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 178–192. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706176
Design and characterization of a new cell‐permeant inhibitor of the β‐secretase BACE1
Authors: Lefranc‐Jullien Solveig , Lisowski Vincent , Hernandez Jean‐François , Martinez Jean , Checler Frédéric 
Published: March 2005

The β‐secretase BACE1 is one of the enzymes that contribute to the production of the Aβ peptide, in vitro and in vivo. JMV1195 was previously shown to inhibit BACE activity in vitro but was unable to block cellular BACE activity. We have designed a new permeable inhibitor, JMV2764 that corresponds to a derivative of JMV1195 to which a penetratin sequence had been added at its N‐terminus. We have assessed the ability of JMV2764 to affect BACE1 activity in vitro, and to modify Aβ production in various cell systems.
Endogenous β‐secretase or BACE1 activities were monitored in vitro by means of two distinct fluorimetric substrates in HEK293 extracts of cells expressing either wild‐type βAPP, Swedish mutated βAPP or SPA4CT constructs. Aβ40 recovery was monitored by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis.
JMV2764 and JMV1195 inhibited endogenous β‐secretase activity of HEK293 cellular homogenates with IC50s of 0.8 and 6.6 μM, respectively. Interestingly, JMV2764 also inhibited β‐secretase activity after preincubation with intact cells while JMV1195 was inactive, indicating that unlike JMV1195, JMV2764 could penetrate into the cells.
JMV2764 but not JMV1195 also prevented Aβ production by HEK293 cells overexpressing wild‐type and Swedish‐mutated βAPP. However, JMV2764 was unable to affect Aβ production from cells expressing SPA4CT, a βAPP‐derived sequence that does not need β‐secretase to produce Aβ.
Altogether, we have designed a new cell‐permeable BACE1 inhibitor that allows to envision to prevent Aβ production in vivo. Work is in progress to assess the potential of these compounds to prevent Aβ production in transgenic mice overproducing Aβ.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 228–235. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706183
Hydrogen sulphide is a mediator of carrageenan‐induced hindpaw oedema in the rat
Authors: Bhatia Madhav , Sidhapuriwala Jenab , Moochhala Shabbir M , Moore Philip K 
Published: March 2005

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gas, with potent vasodilator activity. In this report, we identify a role for H2S in carrageenan‐induced hindpaw oedema in the rat. Intraplantar injection of carrageenan (150 μl, 2% (w v−1)) resulted in an increase in hindpaw H2S synthesising enzyme activity and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Pretreatment (i.p. 60 min before carrageenan) with DL‐propargylglycine (PAG, 25–75 mg kg−1), an inhibitor of the H2S synthesising enzyme cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE), significantly reduced carrageenan‐induced hindpaw oedema in a dose‐dependent manner (e.g. increase in hindpaw weight at 3 h, saline: 0.12±0.017 g; carrageenan, 1.39±0.037 g; PAG, 50 mg kg−1, 1.11±0.06 g, n=10) and MPO activity (fold increase) in the hindpaw (saline: 1.0±0.12; carrageenan, 2.92±0.45 g; PAG, 50 mg kg−1, 1.1±0.22, n=10); PAG (50 mg kg−1) also inhibited H2S synthesising enzyme activity (nmol μg DNA−1) in the hindpaw in a dose‐dependent manner (saline, 0.46±0.05; carrageenan, 0.71±0.08 g; PAG, 50 mg kg−1, 0.17±0.05, n=10).British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 145, 141–144. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706186
Implementing a national treatment service for dependant smokers: initial challenges and solutions
Authors: Coleman Tim , Pound Elspeth , Adams Catherine , Bauld Linda , Ferguson Janet , Cheater Francine 
Published: March 2005

ABSTRACTBackground  Before 1999, few treatment services for nicotine‐addicted smokers existed in England. When national treatment services were introduced, those responsible for setting them up liaised closely with primary care health services. Setting up an entirely new national service, treating a new category of patient (smokers motivated to stop) was an ambitious aim and this paper documents the problems encountered in the early stages of this process.Objectives  To describe the principal challenges encountered and solutions employed by those setting up the services during the initial period of smoking cessation service implementation.Methods  Qualitative, semistructured interviews with 50 smoking cessation staff in two former English health regions conducted in autumn 2001.Findings  Two principal factors which slowed the initial development of smoking cessation services were: (i) the lack of a work‐force with experience in smoking cessation methods and (ii) the fact that services were set up outside existing primary and secondary care health services in England. As few training courses in smoking cessation were available, many services provided their own in‐house training for staff appointed as smoking cessation advisers. Consequently, senior service staff devoted a lot of effort to training new staff which meant that they had less time to spend on other important tasks which were necessary for service implementation. Smoking cessation services needed to develop relationships with primary care health services in order to generate referrals and find venues for the delivery of smoking cessation interventions. Liaising with primary care physicians was time‐consuming, however, and some primary care physicians were opposed to the ideas that service staff had for the interface between primary care and smoking cessation services. As new smoking cessation services were not set up within existing primary or secondary health care services, service staff had to spend large amounts of time on this process of negotiation and overcoming scepticism from some primary health care physicians.Conclusions  If smoking cessation services are set up in other countries, rapid implementation would be facilitated by ensuring that adequate numbers of health professionals trained in smoking cessation methods are available to staff services. Additionally, locating new smoking cessation services within existing health providers’ services may speed up service implementation, but this option may not suit all health systems.