bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non‐parametric 2D deformable template classifier
Authors: Schultz Nette , Nielsen Allan Aasbjerg , Conradsen Knut , Sørensen Per Settergren , Madsen Kristian Nehring 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe introduce an interactive segmentation method for a sea floor survey. The method is based on a deformable template classifier and is developed to segment data from an echo sounder post‐processor called RoxAnn.RoxAnn collects two different measures for each observation point, and in this 2D feature space the ship‐master will be able to interactively define a segmentation map, which is refined and optimized by the deformable template algorithms.The deformable templates are defined as two‐dimensional vector‐cycles. Local random transformations are applied to the vector‐cycles, and stochastic relaxation in a Bayesian scheme is used. In the Bayesian likelihood a class density function and its estimate hereof is introduced, which is designed to separate the feature space.The method is verified on data collected in Øresund, Scandinavia. The data come from four geographically different areas. Two areas, which are homogeneous with respect to bottom type, are used for training of the deformable template classifier, and the classifier is applied to two areas, which are heterogeneous with respect to bottom type.The classification results are good with a correct classification percent above 94 per cent for the bottom type classes, and show that the deformable template classifier can be used for interactive on‐line sea floor segmentation of RoxAnn echo sounder data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate effects on the microindentation‐based mechanical properties of oxidized, crosslinked, and highly crystalline ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene
Authors: Gilbert Jeremy L. , Merkhan Imad 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe surface micromechanical properties of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are critical in determining the wear, deformation, and fracture in the surface region. These properties have not been accessible to simple mechanical testing on a spatial scale relevant to these mechanical processes until recently. The structural factors associated with surface mechanical properties (crosslinking, oxidation state, local orientation of polymer, crystallinity, etc.) can be highly variable and localized and may vary on micron spatial scales or smaller. Furthermore, time/frequency‐dependent behavior of the surface may have an important role in the overall surface mechanical behavior. Recent work has shown the utility of depth sensing microindentation/nanoindentation testing to interrogate local surface mechanical properties. The goal of the present study was to measure the effect of loading rate on the depth‐sensing microindentation testing of UHMWPE. Three different UHMWPE materials (Hylamer™, a large crystal material; GUR 1020, a standard medical‐grade material; and Marathon™, a crosslinked material) were tested using a microindentation method at loading rates ranging from 0.01 to 1 Hz. Similarly, a gamma‐irradiated in air and 15‐year shelf‐aged tibial component was tested through its cross‐section to assess the variations in mechanical properties with location and to compare the micromechanical profile with the oxidation profile. It was found that rate of testing affected the microhardness of each material, however, only GUR 1020 and Hylamer™ showed rate‐dependent behavior for modulus and energy dissipation factor. Micromechanical profiles through oxidized regions of the tibial component showed a high correlation with the oxidation profile. Increases in modulus, hardness, and energy dissipation factor were seen with increasing oxidation and each property was loading‐rate dependent. These results show that depth‐sensing microindentation/nanoindentation testing on the micron scale provides highly consistent and reproducible measurements of surface mechanical properties. This scale of testing minimizes the potential variations caused by local heterogeneity in crystallinity, surface orientation, and other submicron structural features. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 71A: 549–558, 2004
Solids modeled by ab initio crystal field methods, part 22: The Fock matrix transformed supermolecule model and the structure determination of D‐erythronic acid‐3,4‐carbonate
Authors: van Droogenbroeck Joris , Swerts Ben , Schäfer Lothar , van Alsenoy Christian 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo eliminate the cutoff effects in the supermolecule model (SM), the Fock matrix transformed supermolecule model (FTSM) is developed. In this model a cyclization of the cluster is performed by means of transformations of elements of the Fock matrix, thereby restoring the translational symmetry. Besides this fundamental enhancement, significant CPU time savings are realized because, in this new procedure, not all Fock matrix elements need to be calculated. The method is applied in a study of the structure of D‐erythronic acid‐3,4‐carbonate in the crystal phase, where the new model is compared to the supermolecule model as well as the XRD experiment. The results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 2065–2072, 2004
An IκB‐β COOH terminal region protein is essential for the proliferation of CHO cells under acidic stress
Authors: Lao Qizong , Kuge Osamu , Fukamachi Toshihiko , Kakegawa Tomohito , Saito Hiromi , Nishijima Masahiro , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCHO‐K1 cells were able to proliferate and maintain pHi homeostasis at pH 6.3. A novel acidic sensitive mutant, AS‐5B, which proliferated at pH 7.4 but failed to either proliferate or maintain pHi homeostasis at pH 6.3, was derived from CHO‐K1 using a replica method. The acidic‐sensitivity of AS‐5B was not due to deficiencies in sodium proton exchangers, HCO (co)transporters or H+‐ATPases. A cDNA clone encoding a COOH terminal region of IκB‐β conferred partial acidic‐resistance on AS‐5B, and the encoded protein was present in CHO‐K1, but was nearly absent from AS‐5B. Our data demonstrated that the expression of this small protein was essential for the proliferation of CHO cells under acidic stress. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and phenotypic characterization of a subpopulation of T84 human colon cancer cells, after selection on activated endothelial cells
Authors: Alessandro R. , Flugy A.M. , Russo D. , Stassi G. , De Leo A. , Corrado C. , Alaimo G. , De Leo G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe extravasation of metastatic cells is regulated by molecular events involving the initial adhesion of tumor cells to the endothelium and subsequently the migration of the cells in the host connective tissue. The differences in metastatic ability could be attributed to properties intrinsic of the various primary tumor types. Thus, the clonal selection of neoplastic cells during cancer progression results in cells better equipped for survival and formation of colonies in secondary sites. A cell line (T84SF) exhibiting an altered phenotypic appearance was selected from a colon cancer cell line (T84) by repetitive plating on TNFα‐activated human endothelial cells and subsequent selection for adherent cells. Cell growth, motility, chemoinvasive abilities, tyrosine phosphorylation signaling, and the metastasis formation in nude mice of the two cell lines was compared. T84SF cells displayed in vitro an higher proliferation rate and a more invasive behavior compared to the parental cells while formed in vivo a greater number of metastatic colonies in nude mice. As concerns the signaling underlying the phenotypes of the selected cells, we examined the general tyrosine phosphorylation levels in both cell lines. Our results indicate that T84SF have an increased basal tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins among which src kinase was identified. Treatment of cells with a specific inhibitor of src activity caused a greater in vitro inhibition of proliferation and invasive properties of T84 parental cells with respect to T84SF cells and diminished metastasis formation in vivo. Altogether, these data provide evidences that this new cell line may be valuable for identifying molecular mechanisms involved in the metastatic progression of colon cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of a peptide‐based enzyme immunoassay for anti‐SARS coronavirus IgG antibody
Authors: Chan Paul K.S. , To W.K. , Liu Esther Y.M. , Ng T.K. , Tam John S. , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Lacroix Jean‐Michel , Houde Michel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHigh throughput assays for anti‐SARS‐CoV IgG antibody detection are need for large‐scale epidemiologic studies. The performance of a microplate enzyme immunoassay, DETECT‐SARS™, was evaluated for the detection of anti‐SARS‐CoV IgG antibody. This assay is based on synthetic peptides derived from the nucleocapsid and spike proteins. The results showed that the assay provided a high degree of sensitivity (95.9%) for convalescent serum samples. The level of specificity was close to 90%, and did not show significant variation among different control groups. The high degree of sensitivity together with the high‐throughput nature makes it advantageous as a screening assay for studies where handling of a large number of specimens is required. J. Med. Virol. 74:517–520, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes, syphilis, HTLV, and hepatitis B and C viruses among immigrant sex workers in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Gutiérrez Maite , Tajada Pilar , Alvarez Amparo , De Julián Rosa , Baquero Margarita , Soriano Vincent , Holguín Africa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSexually transmitted disease (STD) remains a major public health challenge in developed countries, exacerbated by the advent of the HIV epidemic. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of serological markers of syphilis, HIV‐1/2, HTLV‐I/II, HBV, and HCV infections among immigrant sex workers in Madrid, Spain and to characterize the HIV‐1 variants in seropositive individuals. Sera from 762 immigrant commercial sex workers (75.3% from sub‐Saharan Africa, 18.2% from South America, and 6.4% from Eastern Europe) were collected between 1998 and 2003 in Madrid and examined. Antibody detection was performed by screening assays (RPR, ELISAs) and confirmed by FTA‐Abs, LIAs and Western‐blot tests. HIV‐1 subtyping was carried out by phylogenetic analyses of the protease and envelope genes. Antibodies to HIV‐1 were found in 5.2%, while 3.5% tested positive for HBsAg, 3% for syphilis antibodies, 0.8% for HCV antibodies, and 0.2% for HTLV‐I antibodies. None were reactive for HIV‐2 or HTLV‐II antibodies. HIV‐1 seroprevalence among Africans and Ecuadorians was 4.5 and 10.9%, respectively. All HIV‐1 seropositive Ecuadorians were transsexual men, and 28.6% had active syphilis infection. Up to 80% of HIV‐1 positive specimens were characterized as non‐B subtypes, with subtypes G, A, and G/A recombinants being the most frequent among African individuals. In contrast, South Americans with HIV‐1 infection carried exclusively subtype B variants. A relatively high proportion of immigrant sex workers in Madrid were infected with HIV‐1 and syphilis, whereas infections with hepatitis viruses or HTLV were uncommon. J. Med. Virol. 74:521–527, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of mutations in an HIV‐1 gag gene containing a 107‐codon tandem repeat in the matrix region on assembly and processing of the protein product
Authors: Liao Wei‐Hao , Chiu Hsu‐Chen , Wang Chin‐Tien 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIt has been demonstrated previously that a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 Gag mutant (MA2) with a tandem repeat of 107‐matrix codons in the matrix domain could direct virus particle assembly and budding [Wang et al. (2000c): J Med Virol 61:423–432]. Since the regions involved functionally in HIV Gag assembly and transport have been mapped to the matrix domain, it was interesting to test the effects of the duplicated matrix‐coding sequence on Gag assembly, transport, and virus processing of some assembly‐defective HIV matrix mutants. In this study, a number of HIV matrix mutations were introduced into either the proximal or distal copy of the duplicated matrix‐coding sequence. Assembly, release, processing, and subcellular localization of the Gag mutants were analyzed by transient expression in 293T cells. The result indicates that the budding defect of HIV matrix mutants could be moderately or significantly reversed when the additional 107‐matrix codons were present; however, these matrix double mutations affected significantly the virus particle processing. Mislocalized matrix mutants could also be redistributed to a certain degree in the presence of the duplicated matrix copy. Although the subcellular distribution patterns of the matrix mutants did not correlate completely with the budding efficiency, the data suggest that the budding defect caused by the matrix mutations could be masked to some extent by the duplicated matrix coding sequence. J. Med. Virol. 74:528–535, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence variability of the α‐chemokine UL146 from clinical strains of human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Hassan‐Walker Aycan F. , Okwuadi Sylvester , Lee Lydia , Griffiths Paul D. , Emery Vincent C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects a variety of cell types in vivo. A region (referred to as UL/b') present in the Toledo strain of HCMV and low passage clinical isolates contains 22 additional genes, which are absent in the highly passaged laboratory strain AD169. One of these genes, UL146, encodes an α‐chemokine. PCR amplification and sequencing of this gene from serial samples obtained from transplant recipients and samples from infants with suspected congenital HCMV infection, revealed that UL146 is a hypervariable gene in vivo. However, genetic changes were highly conserved in individuals and in renal transplant recipients multiple genotypes of UL146 were present. The majority of strains characterized maintained the conserved ELRCXC motif present in the Toledo strain of HCMV. These results provide further evidence that AD169 does not represent the authentic virus in vivo and although Towne and Toledo are more representative, major genetic differences still exist. Mixed populations of HCMV strains occur in vivo so cloning of these strains is essential if an authentic genotype is to be defined. J. Med. Virol. 74:573–579, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of mixed genotype infections in hepatitis B virus infected intravenous drug users
Authors: Chen Bing‐Fang , Chen Pei‐Jer , Jow Guey‐Mei , Sablon Erwin , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe clinical relevance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes has been documented; however, the prevalence of mixed HBV genotype infections in at‐risk groups remains controversial. The HBV genotypes were determined in 325 HBV‐infected intravenous drug users (IVDU) who were at a greater risk of multiple exposures to different HBV genotypes by using a newly developed line probe assay. The distribution of HBV genotype was as follows: genotype A alone in 2 (0.6%); genotype B alone in 256 (78.8%); genotype C alone in 10 (3.1%); mixed genotype A and B in 18 (5.5%); genotype B and C in 30 (9.2%); genotype B and D in 1 (0.3%); genotype A and C in 1 (0.3%); and mixed infections of genotype A, B, and C in 3 (0.9%). Clonal analysis confirmed further the existence of mixed genotype infection and recombination between different genotypes. Compared with our previous data, the line probe assay seemed more sensitive than polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay in identifying HBV genotype (98.8% vs. 65.0%) and detecting mixed genotype infections (16.3% vs. 0%). In conclusion, the prevalence of mixed HBV infections is substantially higher in IVDU in endemic areas, and the line probe assay is a useful method for rapid genotyping of HBV, with particular reference to the detection of mixed genotype infections. J. Med. Virol. 74:536–542, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A highly hydrophobic domain within hypervariable region 1 may be related to the entry of hepatitis C virus into cultured human hepatoma cells
Authors: Kurihara Chie , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Hokari Ryota , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Mataki Norikazu , Kuroki Masahiko , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Nagao Shigeaki , Kondo Toshiro , Miura Soichiro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractInteraction of the envelope glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with a cellular receptor(s) is thought to be essential for the initial steps of HCV infection. However, the mechanisms of HCV infection remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the features of HCV that enable efficient entry of the virus into human hepatocytes. Variations of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) sequences in HCV inocula and in infected human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells were examined. Immunofluorescence of inoculated HepG2 cells with anti‐HCV core antibodies demonstrated that HCV structural proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm, and their entry into HepG2 cells was confirmed. When the HVR1 amino acid sequences were compared, HVR1 quasispecies in the inoculated cells showed more uniformity than those of the inocula. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, hydrophobic residues were observed more frequently in the HVR1 amino acids from inoculated cells than in the HVR1 amino acids from the inocula. Results of hydropathy analysis revealed that highly hydrophobic domains exist in the middle of HVR1 in the inoculated cells in 7 of 10 patients. The results suggest that limited HCV populations are able to enter HepG2 cells and that the highly hydrophobic domain existing within the HVR1 may play an important role in the entry of HCV into cells. J. Med. Virol. 74:546–555, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete sequence of a Kyrgyzstan swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from a piglet thought to be experimentally infected with human HEV
Authors: Lu Ling , Drobeniuc Jan , Kobylnikov Nikolay , Usmanov Rafik K. , Robertson Betty H. , Favorov Michael O. , Margolis Harold S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) was identified by RT‐PCR amplification with degenerate ORF2 primers in the stool of a piglet experimentally inoculated with a stool suspension from a patient with acute hepatitis during an outbreak of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in Kyrgyzstan. Further characterization by sequencing of the complete genome and phylogenetic analysis showed that the piglet isolate was most closely related to HEV genotype 3. Because the original human stool specimen used to inoculate the piglet was no longer available, stool samples from three patients obtained during the same outbreak were sequenced and found to be HEV genotype 1. These findings suggest that the HEV isolated from the swine stool was probably an HEV enzootic in Kyrgyzstan and not the virus inoculated from the human stool. J. Med. Virol. 74:556–562, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among hemodialysis patients in Japan: Evidence for infection with a genotype 3 HEV by blood transfusion
Authors: Mitsui Takehiro , Tsukamoto Yukie , Yamazaki Chikao , Masuko Kazuo , Tsuda Fumio , Takahashi Masaharu , Nishizawa Tsutomu , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among patients on maintenance hemodialysis, serum samples collected in January 2003 from 416 patients who had been undergoing hemodialysis for 7.6 ± 6.3 (mean ± standard deviation) (range, 0.3–26.0) years in a dialysis unit in Japan and serum samples that had been collected from these patients at the start of hemodialysis were tested for IgG antibodies to HEV (anti‐HEV IgG) by an “in‐house” enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 39 patients (9.4%) had anti‐HEV IgG in January 2003, and included 35 patients (8.4%) who had already been positive for anti‐HEV IgG at the start of hemodialysis and 4 patients (1%) who seroconverted after initiation of hemodialysis. Periodic serum samples that had been collected from the four seroconverted patients were tested for HEV antibodies and HEV RNA. The four patients became positive for anti‐HEV IgG in 1979, 1980, 1988, or 2003, and continued to be seropositive until the end of the observation period. Although anti‐HEV IgM was not detectable in the four patients, three were infected transiently with apparently Japanese indigenous HEV strains of genotype 3. The patient who contracted HEV infection in 1979 had been transfused with 2 U of blood 21 days before the transient viremia: one of the two stored pilot serum samples had detectable HEV RNA with 100% identity to that recovered from the patient. Our study provides evidence of transfusion‐transmitted HEV infection in Japan in 1979, and that the prevalence of de novo HEV infection during hemodialysis was low (1.1% or 4/374). J. Med. Virol. 74:563–572, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of simian virus 40 large T antigen in 18 autopsied malignant mesothelioma patients in Japan
Authors: Jin Mulan , Sawa Hirofumi , Suzuki Tadaki , Shimizu Kazuko , Makino Yoshinori , Tanaka Shinya , Nojima Takayuki , Fujioka Yasunori , Asamoto Makoto , Suko Noriaki , Fujita Miri , Nagashima Kazuo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIt has been reported that Simian virus 40 (SV40) is linked to human beings by inoculation of contaminated poliovaccines and may have a role in the etiology of malignant mesothelioma. However, there have been no reports describing the relationship between SV40 and malignant mesothelioma in Japan. A study was undertaken to investigate whether SV40 was related to patients of malignant mesothelioma in Japan by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, DNA sequence analysis, and immunohistochemical methods. Paraffin‐embedded samples of the 18 autopsied patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma were collected from five hospitals in Japan. After isolation of DNA from paraffin blocks, PCR analyses followed by sequencing were performed using three different sets of primers for detection of SV40 large T antigen (TAg) gene. All 18 malignant mesothelioma samples were also immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of SV40 TAg protein with two different anti‐SV40 TAg antibodies. SV40 TAg genome was detected in eight malignant mesothelioma cases. Only one of three primer pairs successfully amplified SV40 genome in the samples, whereas all pairs yielded a PCR product in the controls, suggesting a low content of virus DNA. No immunopositive staining for SV40 TAg was found in any of the samples. This study shows that SV40 genome was present in a subset of Japanese malignant mesothelioma patients who were unlikely to have received a contaminated polio vaccine based on their age. J. Med. Virol. 74:668–676, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.