bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Dominance Relations Before Puberty in Cercopithecine Societies
Authors: Pereira Michael E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many monkey species in the subfamily Cercopithecinae show broad-scale similarities in their natural histories. These are the macaques, or Asian semiterrestrial monkeys (Macaca spp.; also M. sylvanus of Africa), the savanna baboons of Africa (Papio cynocephalus subspp.), and an African guenon known as the vervet monkey (also grivet or green monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops). Social groups of these species commonly comprise 20 to 100 members, including infants, juveniles, adolescents, and adults of each sex (Figure 6-1). Males normally disperse around puberty, whereas females remain in their natal groups for their entire lives (Pusey and Packer 1987). Consequently, at the core of social groups are several distinct matrilines, or families of females accompanied by male kin that have yet to disperse.
The Female Paradox: Higher Education for Women, 1945-63
Authors: Fass Paula S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The paradox of women who are educated like men and can do most of the things men do, but are still taught to prefer marriage to any other way of life, causes most of the confusion that exists for women today. •
One of the paradoxes which plague thoughtful persons who are actively interested in matching educational patterns to the special needs of women in today’s world is that an overwhelming majority of the young women in whose behalf so much pioneering and soul searching has gone forward appear to be unwilling to believe or be interested in the variety of roles that changing times offer and require of them.
Imitation and Autonomy: Catholic Education in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Fass Paula S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The fundamental theory of liberty upon which all governments in this Union repose excludes any general power of the State to standardize its children by forcing them to accept instruction from public teachers only. The child is not the mere creature of the State; those who nurture him and direct his destiny have the right, coupled with the high duty, to recognize and to prepare him for additional obligations.
The first step for successful Catholic teaching is to convince every Catholic teacher and have her treasure this conviction in the very core of her heart: that what we have done, what we are doing, the way we have done it, and the way we are doing it has not been and is not inferior to what the public schools have done and are doing, the way they have done it, and the way they are doing it. We have great room for improvement, but we have by no means been failures.
Fallen Soldiers
Authors: Mosse George L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Millions were killed and maimed in the senseless brutality of the First World War, but once the armistice was signed the realities were cleansed of their horror by the nature of the burial and commemoration of the dead. In the interwar period, war monuments and cemeteries provided the public with places of worship and martyrs for the civic religion of nationalism. The cult of the fallen soldier blossomed in Germany and other European countries, and people seemed to build war into their lives as a necessary and glorious event - a proof of manhood and loyalty to the flag. Ultimately there was even a process of trivialization, with light comedies, war toys, and battlefield tourism becoming popular. Tracing wartime experience from the Napoleonic Wars to Vietnam, Professor Mosse's chilling study explores why mankind has drawn the sting of death from modern war and transformed it into an acceptable, even sacred, event.
The Cult of the Fallen Soldier
Authors: Mosse George L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The indescribable enthusiasm which in Germany accompanied the outbreak of the First World War seemed confirmed three months later by a passage in the army bulletin of November 11, 1914: “West of Langemarck youthful regiments stormed the first lines of the enemy trenches and took them, singing ‘Deutschland, Deutschland Uberalles.’ “This was patriotic youth in action, sacrificing themselves in order to attain victory, fired by a famous patriotic song-though not yet the German national anthem-as testimony of their youthful ardor. The battle of Langemarck conjured up Theodor KOrner’s “happiness lies only in sacrificial death,’ and, indeed, youth at Langemarck seemed to demonstrate that the spirit of the Wars of Liberation was still alive and would lead Germany to victory. The battle was often remembered simply as that of the “Youth of Langemarck” or “the Volunteers,” and those who fell symbolized what German youth ought to be. Thus the promise of the August days was fulfilled in November.
The Brutalization of German Politics
Authors: Mosse George L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the aftermath of the First World War, the Myth of the War Experience had given the conflict a new dimension as a means of national and personal regeneration. The continuation of wartime attitudes into peace furthered a certain brutalization of politics, a heightened indifference to human life. It was not only the continued visibility and high status of the military in nations like Germany which encouraged a certain ruthlessness but, above all, an attitude of mind derived from the war and the acceptance of war itself. The outcome of the process of brutalization in the interwar yean; was to energize man, to propel him into action against the political enemy, or to numb men and women in the face of human cruelty and the loss of life.
The Second World War, the Myth, and the Postwar Generation
Authors: Mosse George L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The First World War has been at the center of our analysis of the origins and evolution of the Myth of the War Experience. The Second World War was a different kind of war that would blur the distinction between the front line and the home front, which knew no trench warfare-so important in the evolution of the mythand where defeat and victory were destined to be unconditional.
Pliant Pipes
Authors: Vogel Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In most communication systems the least interesting components are the actual conduits. If you wire up a house, the main decision about the wires concerns their gauges, which you pick to handle the maxi mum current anticipated. The circulatory equivalent of that decision was touched upon when we talked about pipe diameters and Murray’s law. In most electronic circuits, the physical layout of the wires is a trivial matter, chosen mainly for convenience of assembly. Only what’s attached to the ends of those wires and the operation of those active components matters. In a plumbing system unnecessarily long conduits and sharp corners ought to be avoided since fluids have viscosity even if electrical currents don’t. But besides gauge and route, what’s left to worry the designer? In the design of the pipes of a circulatory system, as we’ll see, quite a lot. As we’ll also see, the details of their mechanical properties are exquisitely attuned to the various tasks they perform. To heighten interest in the story, these other features reflect some really subtle problems associated with nature’s general use of nonrigid materials.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Regret
Authors: Landman Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The word regret has refashioned itself over time. An all-but-archaic use of the term emphasized losing someone or something dear, as in Shelley’s “that fair lady whom I regret.” Though this usage flowers in nineteenth-century novels by Jane Austen and others, I have never heard the term used in this way in contemporary colloquial speech. The former meaning of regret has been largely taken over by nouns like nostalgiaI and verbs like miss or long for. Shelley’s “that fair lady whom I regret” would today read “that fine woman whom I miss.11 The romantic, bittersweet connotation of regret seems to have drifted to an unromantic, simply bitter, emphasis on gaining something unpleasant. The modern sense of regret hauls a heavier load of pathology-an emotional tone and a stance that de­ sires distance from the past. The semantic drift of the word regret supports the idea developed in the previous chapter that part of our modern quarrel with regret concerns our quarrel with the past.
The Logic of Regret: Its Role in Decision Making
Authors: Landman Janet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An acquaintance who makes his home in the humanities expressed astonishment when he heard me use the phrase that titles my Prologue, “the science and humanity of regret.” The humanity of regret he understood. But science of regret?What could that possibly mean?he asked. The answer to this question is to be found in good part in this chapter, which first details major theories of decision making (philosophical, psychological, economic), all of them challenged by the existence of regret. In this chapter I also take up certain serious problems with the standard theory of decision making, plus relevant arguments against the irrationality of regret. Then I suggest how adding regret to decision-making models helps remedy those problems.
Isolation and the Struggle for Contact
Authors: McFadden David W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The departure of American diplomatic personnel and the decision of the American government to join its British and French Allies in military operations in north Russia and Siberia put an end to serious dialogue between American and Bolshevik representatives from August until December 1918. The predominant character of what exchanges survived was mutual recrimination: from the Bolsheviks, caustic references to Allied invasion, and from the Americans, increasing horror at the excesses of the Red Terror.
Paris II: Bullitt’s Mission to Lenin
Authors: McFadden David W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William C. Bullitt’s secret mission to Moscow in March 1919 has received a great deal of attention from historians, partly because of the focus Bullitt himself placed on it in his extensive testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in the fall of 1919.2 Because the details of the Bullitt mission itself are well known, this treatment will place the mission in the broader context of discussions concerning the Bolsheviks in the Allied community in Paris, and debate about the mission in Moscow.
Long Time Passing: The Vietnamese, the French, and the Americans to 1946
Authors: Schulzinger Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What constitutes a long time? That is a central question of the vietnam war. For the vietnamese the fight represented the latest phase of a centuries-long, even millennial, effort to define themselves and cast out invaders. Vietnamese nationalists and revolutionaries who fought the French and Americans seemed infinitely patient, serenely confident that eventually outsiders would have to go. But for first the French, and then the Americans and their Vietnamese allies, war seemed to go on forever. The French and the Americans grew increasingly frustrated and impatient when the war did not end on their terms. The French, before the climactic battle of Dienbienphu in 1954 and the Americans in the 1960s and 1970s, heard a clock ticking ever more loudly with every battle, every report of a death in combat, every change in the government of Vietnam, and every anguished cry of opposition at home. No wonder two of the most popular American accounts of events in Vietnam after 1945 are called America’s Longest War and The Endless War. The war in Vietnam helped shape the contours of world politics after the era of European domination. For four hundred years, from the sixteenth to the middle of the twentieth century, the history of international relations was the story of what European states did—with one another and with other peoples and with states in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. But the European epoch ended in the twentieth century. The First World War eroded European power and the Second nearly destroyed it. World War II set the future course of world politics. The end of European pre-eminence foretold the demise of European empires in Asia and Africa. Before 1940 challenges to colonialism in Asia and Africa were mostly theoretical; after the war they became real. Although another fifteen turbulent years of anticolonial agitation were to pass, direct European rule was doomed.
To the Brink—And Beyond: 1963–1964
Authors: Schulzinger Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the Kennedy administration had undertaken a reassessment of its tactics in Vietnam in September and October, the basic policy remained victory in the civil war over the NLF. Despite improvements in U.S.-Soviet relations in 1963, administration officials believed that the Cold War dominated international relations. The danger of direct nuclear confrontation with the Soviet Union had diminished with the signing in August of a treaty banning the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, outer space, and under the oceans, but competition between the superpowers for preeminence in the underdeveloped world might even have intensified. Limited improvement in relations with the Soviet Union did nothing to decrease U.S. rivalry in Asia with the People’s Republic of China. As long as the United States and the communist powers remained adversaries, the original reasons for the United States to help the Republic of Vietnam put down the insurrection remained as valid as ever to the principal U.S. government decision-makers. They continued to fear that a communist victory in South Vietnam would have repercussions throughout Asia and possibly in other areas of the underdeveloped world.
For more than fifteen years, the American public heard officials across the political spectrum explain the danger of dominoes falling in Asia. While it may have been possible to reverse public fears of communist revolution, it would have come at a terrible political cost domestically.
Bringing the War Home: 1964-1967
Authors: Schulzinger Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Controversy over the war in Vietnam brought vast changes to the United States in the 1960s. The war profoundly affected every institution in American life: universities, Congress, the presidency, the Democratic Party, the armed forces, labor unions, religious organizations, and the mass media. At the beginning of U.S.involvement in the war most Americans trusted their leaders to make appropriate choices, and the public held most large organizations in high regard. The prosperous white middle class created by the post-World War II economic expansion maintained an abiding faith in the future. A wide consensus, crossing party and social and economic lines, agreed that the United States had properly confronted the Soviet Union and other communist movements around the world since 1945. Nearly all public officials and most citizens believed that the United States was properly waging the Cold War. Most thought that the cost of the confrontation with the Soviet Union and its allies was equably borne by the United States. The minority of dissenters seemed marginal, nearly outlandish, figures who lacked understanding of the nature of the threat posed by communism and the ability of the United States to resist.
By 1968 this landscape had changed beyond recognition. A sizeable portion of the public no longer believed that government officials waged the Cold War properly. Many thought that the war in Vietnam had become a burden which the country no longer could afford.
Satan and Sin
Authors: Tanner John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
No discrepancy between Paradise Lost and The Concept of Anxiety is more conspicuous than their opposing treatments of the serpent. Kierke gaard, whose treatise aims at reducing Genesis to its essential philosophical position, all but dismisses the snake in Eden as a misleading human interpolation. For him, the malicious snake looks suspiciously like a rationalization for something that cannot be reduced-namely, the origin of sin. The snake’s unexplained, subtle malevolence masks the problems posed by an absolute origin of evil by letting human iniquity arise out of antecedent evil. It insinuates that sinfulness precedes sin, making human corruption appear to be simply the effect of contamination-not something new, not a leap. Hence, Kierkegaard regards the serpent as posing as much a temptation for exegetes as it did for Eve. The serpent can easily beguile biblical hermeneutics into presupposing that sin’s origin is explained naturalistically, unparadoxically, because depravity results so reasonably from the activity of a malignant tempter (CA, 48).
Slavery, Gender, and the “Social Fabrick”
Authors: Mccurry Stephanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When yeoman farmers went to town on court day, to a July Fourth barbecue, or an annual militia review and heard prominent politicians such as Robert Barnwell Rhett or James Henry Hammond defend slavery against the calumnies of abolitionists, they probably cheered as vociferously as the planters with whom they rubbed shoulders. For judging by the remains in the written record, those politicians and political theorist invariably rang what were to yeomen a series of familiar notes, embedding the defense of slavery in a social theory that was in many ways simply a more sophisticated version of the familial one yeomen enacted in their churches. Indeed, evangelical arguments replete with their gendered referents figured centrally in even the most secular venue. When push came to shove, lowcountry politicians could find no better defense of slavery than the biblical one. “What God ordains and Christ sanctifies should surely command the respect and toleration of man,” James Henry Hammond wrote in 1845 in his now famous letters to the British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson.1 This was an argument sure to move a yeoman audience. In using it and elaborating it through a broad theory of social relations-and especially through the analogy of marriage and slavery-he and his counterparts bid well to put proslavery discourses on a popular footing. And when they turned them to specifically political ends, as they invariably did in the protracted struggle over South Carolina’s fate in the nation, lowcountry politicians
Linguistics
Authors: Harris Randy Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Linguistics is, concisely but not uncontroversially, the science oflanguage. There are various circumlocutions available, if necessary, but language is unquestionably the object of study, and scientific best captures the spirit of investigation common to almost everyone who has examined that object in a way that (currently or retrospectively) fits the term, linguistic. Other approaches to studying language, and there are many, go by names like poetics, philology, and rhetoric, but as long as we have had the word in English, linguistics has been associated with the methods, goals, and results of science.’ When William Whewell (who is also responsible for the coinage, scientist) first proposed the term, it was in his History of the Inductive Sciences (1837.1:cxiv; he was borrowing it from the Germans, who, Teutonically enough, later came to prefer Sprachwissenschaft).
Whence and Whither
Authors: Harris Randy Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So, what happened?
Why was there a split in the first place? Chomsky was not moving quickly enough to the promised land. Syntactic Structures made modest promises about semantics, which helped attract a phalanx of eager recruits. Aspects compounded these promises. Cartesian Linguistics compounded them. Language and Mind compounded them. But, aside from his enrichment of deep structure by getting rid of generalized transformations, Chomsky did very little himself to satisfy those promises. The more direct work that had been done—by Fodor, Katz, and Postal—was suggestive, but dreadfully incomplete. There had been plenty of talk about meaning, but not enough action. Some form of program with a fuller, more explicit, semantics was inevitable, and it is clear from Chomsky’s earliest writings that he was never going to give meaning the controlling vote in his model. It is even clearer, from every word Chomsky has ever penned, that Chomsky was not going to give up. So, there was a new program and there was resistance, a guarantee for a schism. These, at any rate, are the local reasons; the more general answer is Raup’s observation that “new ideas breed disagreement” (1986:150).
Conclusion
Authors: Caldwell Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Hesiod tended his sheep on the slopes of Mount Helicon, the Olympian Muses appeared to him in a dream, or daydream, or vision of some sort, and told him of the origin and history of the gods. Hesiod remembered this dream and wrote it down (or dictated it), no doubt with some changes, in the hexameter verse of epic poetry. His vision became the standard Greek version of the beginning of the world and its divine inhabitants, and the reasons for its success are probably the same reasons he had, and remembered, the vision in the first place.
Population Ecology of Tick Vectors: Interaction, Measurement, and Analysis
Authors: Wilson Mark L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The analysis of tick populations, as with of all living organisms, requires information on three fundamental processes that govern population change: birth, death, and migration. Populations of ticks increase with reproduction or immigration and decrease with deaths or emigration. This simple framework serves as an organizational base for asking questions about how, when, and why populations change, and whether one might successfully intervene in that process. Underlying this simplified perspective, however, are myriad factors that interact in sometimes complex ways to contribute to population change. The importance of each of these variables will differ among tick species, development stages, vertebrate hosts, associated parasites or predators, and environmental conditions. Ultimately, population and community analyses aim to define the role and pattern of these factors as they determine the dynamics of interaction. For ticks that act as vectors of disease agents of public or animal health importance, their capacity to do so becomes an extension of such population analysis.
Ecologically Based Strategies for Controlling Ticks
Authors: Schmidtmann Edward T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As obligate ectoparasites, all of the approximately 850 known species of ticks must feed from vertebrate hosts for their growth and development. Underlying this dependency on host blood are tick life-history strategies that reflect ecological, physiologic, and behavioral adaptations to finding and feeding from reptilian, bird, or mammalian hosts. Blood-feeding by ticks is relatively brief, from only 10 to 30 min in argasid species and from 3 to 12 days in ixodid ticks; longer periods of attachment invariably reflect mate finding. Thus, ticks spend only days to weeks attached to a host, but are free living for periods of 1 to many years during which they are exposed to ambient climatic factors. These climatic factors, the collective expression of seasonal temperature, humidity, saturation deficit, and rainfall are important determinants of tick survival. Ticks differ from endoparasites, where the host defines the parasite’s environment, but they are also subject to host immune responses during their periods of attachment.