bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More about being fun: Making friends to maximize social status
Authors: Leggett‐James Mary Page , Laursen Brett 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveChildren perceived by peers as someone who is fun reap interpersonal rewards, but little is known about what makes someone fun or how being fun leads to social success. The present study is designed to identify what qualities makes someone fun and how being fun leads to social success.MethodTwo studies of children in primary and middle school are reported. Participants in the present investigation attended a public‐school representative of Florida school children in terms of ethnicity and income. In the first study, 351 (179 girls, 172 boys) students (8–11 years old) completed surveys twice (M = 8.5 weeks apart) during an academic year, describing the qualities of “someone who is fun.”ResultsAt both time points, kindness and humor were rated as more important than buffoonery. In the second study, 394 (210 girls, 184 boys) students (8–13 years old) completed peer nomination surveys thrice (M = 8.5 weeks apart) during an academic year. Replicating previous findings, being fun predicted increases in social status (i.e., likeability and popularity).ConclusionsUnique to this study, full longitudinal mediation analyses indicated that being perceived as fun early in the school year predicted friend gain from the beginning to the middle of the school year, which, in turn, predicted increases in perceived likeability and popularity from the middle to the end of the school year. The findings were unique to being fun. Kindness and humor did not predict friend gain.
Does narcissus prefer to be alone? Narcissistic personality features and the preference for solitude
Authors: Zeigler‐Hill Virgil , Vonk Jennifer , Fatfouta Ramzi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations that narcissistic personality traits had with the preference for solitude.BackgroundPreference for solitude may be impacted by various characteristics. Narcissism may be one such characteristic given its association with specific motivations for engagement with other individuals (e.g., status attainment).MethodWe examined whether the associations that narcissism had with the preference for solitude were moderated by perceived attainment of status or instability of status.ResultsAcross three studies (N = 627/479/675), extraverted narcissism had the expected aversion to solitude. Antagonistic narcissism and neurotic narcissism did not have consistent associations with the preference for solitude across these studies, nor did the perceived attainment of status consistently moderate the links between narcissistic personality features and the preference for solitude. However, perceived instability of status moderated the associations that extraverted narcissism and antagonistic narcissism had with the preference for solitude. More specifically, the more stable status was perceived to be, the greater the aversion to solitude for those high in extraverted narcissism and the greater the preference for solitude for those high in antagonistic narcissism.ConclusionsThis pattern of results suggests that the motivations underlying preferences for solitude differ depending on particular narcissistic traits that predict whether one is more concerned with maintaining, gaining, or losing status. These results build upon what is known about the connections that narcissism has with the preference for solitude.
Growth patterns of ingroup and outgroup prosocial behavior in Colombian and Uruguayan adolescents: Examining gratitude and forgiveness as predictors of change
Authors: Mesurado Belen , Resett Santiago 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe first goal of the current research was to study the short‐term developmental patterns of ingroup and outgroup prosocial behavior during the middle adolescence stage among Uruguayan and Colombian adolescents. The second goal was to study the probability of inclusion in each trajectory class arising from gratitude and forgiveness (understood as the absence of negative emotions and the presence of positive emotions toward an aggressor) while controlling for gender and age. The study included two short‐term longitudinal samples from two Latin American countries: Colombia (N = 212,Mage = 13.82 years, SD = 1.25) and Uruguay (N = 269,Mage = 14.02 years, SD = 1.39). The data were collected at three time points within a 3‐month interval. The first finding indicated that different patterns in ingroup and outgroup prosocial behavior in adolescents emerged in both Latin American countries. Moreover, two classes—high and low—were identified in the trajectory of ingroup prosocial behavior, while three different classes—high, moderate, and low—were found in the trajectory of outgroup prosocial behavior in both countries. The results indicated that high levels of gratitude increased the probability that Uruguayan adolescents were included in the group of adolescents with high levels of ingroup prosocial behavior. High levels of positive emotions toward an aggressor (a dimension of forgiveness) increased the probability that a Colombian adolescent belonged to the group of adolescents with high levels of ingroup prosociality. Regarding outgroup prosocial behavior, different predictors were also identified between the countries. The results indicated that high levels of gratitude and positive emotions toward an aggressor increased the probability that Uruguayan adolescents were included in the group of adolescents with high or moderate levels of outgroup prosocial behavior. Only positive emotions toward an aggressor increased the probability that Colombian adolescents were included in the group of adolescents with high or moderate levels of outgroup prosocial behavior.
Period prevalence of positional head deformations and implications for practice in a large tertiary neonatal unit
Authors: Hepnar Lindsay , Ngenda Naoni , Cottrell Michelle , Lai Melissa , Sharpe Janet , August Deanne 
Published: November 2023

AimTo establish the prevalence of positional head deformations (PHDs) within a neonatal unit (NU) setting, and to evaluate the subsequent impact that PHDs have on NU graduates and their families.MethodsA prospective audit was conducted over a six‐week period within a tertiary NU (Brisbane, Australia). Eligible babies were measured weekly using a craniometer where presence, type and severity of PHD were determined. Univariate analysis was undertaken to establish differences in clinical characteristics between babies with, and without, the presence of PHD.A study‐specific survey was completed by a separate set of families returning for outpatient follow‐up services who represented similar clinical characteristics and risk factors for PHD.ResultsFifty‐three babies were eligible for inclusion in the audit. PHDs were identified in 66% (n = 35) of the cohort, the most common being scaphocephaly (52.8%, n = 28). Within that, 46% (n = 13) were classed as mild, 25% (n = 7) were moderate and 29% (n = 8) were severe. Moderate correlation (r = 0.55) was found between severity of scaphocephaly, and length of time spent in an isolette. Of the 10 (66% response from 15 families) surveys completed, 80% of respondents perceived that their child's PHD had impacted their life.ConclusionsTwo‐thirds of babies developed a PHD during their neonatal admission. Most families surveyed perceived this condition to have an impact on their lives beyond the confines of the nursery. Further research is needed to identify preventative interventions to decrease the prevalence and severity of this common condition.
Periodontitis is associated with altered brain structure and function in normal cognition middle‐aged and elderly individuals
Authors: Li Xiaoshu , Tao Yufei , Li Hui , Huang Ziang , Li Yuqing , Gao Ziwen , Zhu Wanqiu , Li Xiaohu , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have proposed that periodontitis is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However, the association between periodontitis and brain normal cognition in aged and elderly individuals (NCs) is unclear. Such a link could provide clues to Alzheimer's disease development and strategies for early prevention.ObjectiveTo explore the associations between periodontal condition and metrics of both brain structure and function among NCs with the help of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsHigh‐resolution T1‐weighted structural data, resting‐state functional‐MRI data, and measures of periodontal condition were collected from 40 NCs. Cortical volume, thickness, and area as well as regional homogeneity were calculated with the aid of DPABISurf software. Correlation analyses were then conducted between each imaging metric and periodontal index.ResultsConsistent negative correlations were observed between severity of periodontitis (mild, moderate, severe) and cortical volume, area, and thickness, not only in brain regions that took charge of primary function but also in brain regions associated with advanced cognition behavior. Among participants with mild attachment loss (AL) and a shallow periodontal pocket depth (PPD), periodontal index was positively correlated with most measures of brain structure and function, while among participants with severe AL and deep PPD, periodontal index was negatively correlated with measures of brain structure and function (all p < .005 for each hemisphere).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that periodontitis is associated with widespread changes in brain structure and function among middle‐aged and elderly adults without signs of cognitive decline, which might be a potential risk factor for brain damage.
Color morphs of the fire salamander are discriminated at night by conspecifics and predators
Authors: Aguilar P. , Pérez i de Lanuza G. , Martínez‐Gil H. , Dajčman U. , Simčič T. , Pinho C. , Žagar A. , Megía‐Palma R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe coexistence of multiple discrete color phenotypes (i.e. color polymorphism) has been studied in many diurnal species where environmental light allows most visual systems to chromatically discriminate color morphs. However, there is a large gap in our understanding of the discrimination thresholds and the function color polymorphisms play at night. We collected spectral data from the throats of red‐ and yellow‐morph males in a polymorphic population of the nocturnal amphibian Salamandra salamandra gallaica. We estimated the discriminability between morphs and their conspicuousness at night by fitting visual models of conspecifics and predators. We also collected morphological, behavioral and physiological data and assessed the abundance and activity patterns of each morph to explore their potential function. Visual models indicated that both conspecifics and predators can visually discriminate salamander color morphs under night‐light conditions. Assuming the potential role of yellow and red color patches as visual signals, putatively related to social signaling, we could suspect that these colors represent different adaptive optima. Red‐morph individuals had shorter bodies and lower body condition, but both morphs showed similar space use. In addition, both color morphs exhibited similar metabolic physiology, suggesting that the observed similarity in these traits may be better explained by the shared environmental conditions, rather than color. Finally, differences in the conspicuousness of red and yellow morphs could result in differential predation pressure.
Spatially segregated defects and IGF1‐responsiveness of hilar and peripheral biliary organoids from a model of Alagille syndrome
Authors: Iqbal Afshan , Van Hul Noemi , Belicova Lenka , Corbat Agustin A. , Hankeova Simona , Andersson Emma R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsAlagille syndrome (ALGS) manifests with peripheral intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) paucity, which can spontaneously resolve. In a model for ALGS, Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, this occurs with distinct architectural mechanisms in hilar and peripheral IHBDs. Here, we investigated region‐specific IHBD characteristics and addressed whether IGF1, a cholangiocyte mitogen that is downregulated in ALGS and in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, can improve biliary outcomes.MethodsIntrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) were derived from hilar and peripheral adult Jag1+/+ and Jag1Ndr/Ndr livers (hICOs and pICOs, respectively). ICOs were grown in Matrigel or microwell arrays, and characterized using bulk RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and high throughput analyses of nuclear sizes. ICOs were treated with IGF1, followed by analyses of growth, proliferation, and death. CellProfiler and Python scripts were custom written for image analyses. Key results were validated in vivo by immunostaining.ResultsCell growth assays and transcriptomics demonstrated that Jag1Ndr/Ndr ICOs were less proliferative than Jag1+/+ ICOs. IGF1 specifically rescued survival and growth of Jag1Ndr/Ndr pICOs. Jag1Ndr/Ndr hICOs were the least proliferative, with lower Notch signalling and an enrichment of hepatocyte signatures and IGF uptake/transport pathways. In vitro (Jag1Ndr/Ndr hICOs) and in vivo (Jag1Ndr/Ndr hilar portal tracts) analyses revealed ectopic HNF4a+ hepatocytes.ConclusionsHilar and peripheral Jag1Ndr/Ndr ICOs exhibit differences in Notch signalling status, proliferation, and cholangiocyte commitment which may result in cholangiocyte‐to‐hepatocyte transdifferentiation. While Jag1Ndr/Ndr pICOs can be rescued by IGF1, hICOs are unresponsive, perhaps due to their hepatocyte‐like state and/or expression of IGF transport components. IGF1 represents a potential therapeutic for peripheral bile ducts.
Object detection: A novel AI technology for the diagnosis of hepatocyte ballooning
Authors: Zheng Tian‐Lei , Sha Jun‐Cheng , Deng Qian , Geng Shi , Xiao Shu‐Yuan , Yang Wen‐Jun , Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni , Li Yang‐Yang , Wang Xiang‐Xue , Wu Di , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. Within the spectrum of liver disease in MAFLD, steatohepatitis is a progressive form of liver disease and hepatocyte ballooning (HB) is a cardinal pathological feature of steatohepatitis. The accurate and reproducible diagnosis of HB is therefore critical for the early detection and treatment of steatohepatitis. Currently, a diagnosis of HB relies on pathological examination by expert pathologists, which may be a time‐consuming and subjective process. Hence, there has been interest in developing automated methods for diagnosing HB. This narrative review briefly discusses the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology for diagnosing fatty liver disease pathology over the last 30 years and provides an overview of the current research status of AI algorithms for the identification of HB, including published articles on traditional machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms. This narrative review also provides a summary of object detection algorithms, including the principles, historical developments, and applications in the medical image analysis. The potential benefits of object detection algorithms for HB diagnosis (specifically those combined with a transformer architecture) are discussed, along with the future directions of object detection algorithms in HB diagnosis and the potential applications of generative AI on transformer architecture in this field. In conclusion, object detection algorithms have huge potential for the identification of HB and could make the diagnosis of MAFLD more accurate and efficient in the near future.
Secrets of getting started: Regulation of the first committed step of peptidoglycan synthesis by protein phosphorylation in Enterococcus and other Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Winkler Malcolm E. , Joseph Merrin , Tsui Ho‐Ching T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRegulation of the first committed step of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis by MurA‐enzyme homologs has recently taken center stage in many different bacteria. In different low‐GC Gram‐positive bacteria, regulation of this step has been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation of homologs of the IreB/ReoM regulatory protein by PASTA‐domain Ser/Thr‐protein kinases. In this issue, Mascari, Little, and Kristich determine this regulatory pathway and its links to resistance to cephalosporin β‐lactam antibiotics in the major human pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis (Efa). Unbiased genetic selections identified MurAA (MurA‐family homolog) as the downstream target of IreB regulation in the absence of the IreK Ser/Thr‐protein kinase. Physiological and biochemical approaches, including determination of MICs to ceftriaxone, Western blotting of MurAA cellular amounts, isotope incorporation into peptidoglycan sacculi, and thermal‐shift binding assays of purified proteins, demonstrated that unphosphorylated IreB, together with proteins MurAB (MurZ‐family homolog), and ReoY(Efa) negatively regulate MurAA stability and cellular amount by the ClpCP protease. Importantly, this paper supports the idea that ceftriaxone stimulates phosphorylation of IreB, which leads to increased cellular MurAA amount and precursor pathway flux required for E. faecalis cephalosporin resistance. Overall, findings in this paper significantly contribute to understanding variations of this central regulatory pathway in other low‐GC Gram‐positive bacteria.
Esophageal anatomy and physiology vary across spastic and non‐spastic phenotypes of disorders of esophagogastric junction outflow
Authors: Vahedi Farnoosh , Low Eric E. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Fehmi Syed Abbas , Hasan Aws , Chang Michael A. , Kwong Wilson , Krinsky Mary L. , Anand Gobind , Greytak Madeline , Yadlapati Rena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathophysiologic mechanisms of disorders of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow are poorly understood. We aimed to compare anatomic and physiologic characteristics among patients with disorders of EGJ outflow and normal motility.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated adult patients with achalasia types 1, 2, 3, EGJ outflow obstruction (EGJOO) or normal motility on high‐resolution manometry who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) from January 2019 to August 2022. Thickened circular muscle was defined as ≥1.6 mm. Characteristics from barium esophagram (BE) and functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) were additionally assessed.Key ResultsOf 71 patients (mean age 56.2 years; 49% male), there were 8 (11%) normal motility, 58 (82%) had achalasia (5 (7%) type 1, 32 (45%) classic type 2, 21 (30%) type 3 [including 12 type 2 with FEPs]), and 7 (7%) had EGJOO. A significantly greater proportion of type 3 achalasia had thickened distal circular muscle (76.2%) versus normal motility (0%; p < 0.001) or type 2 achalasia (25%; p < 0.001). Type 1 achalasia had significantly wider mean maximum esophageal diameter on BE (57.8 mm) compared to type 2 achalasia (32.8 mm), type 3 achalasia (23.4 mm), EGJOO (15.9 mm), and normal motility (13.5 mm). 100% type 3 achalasia versus 0% type 1 achalasia/normal motility had tertiary contractions on BE. Mean EGJ distensibility index on FLIP was lower for type 3 achalasia (1.2 mmHg/mm2) and EGJOO (1.2 mmHg/mm2) versus type 2 (2.3 mmHg/mm2) and type 1 achalasia (2.9 mmHg/mm2).ConclusionsOur findings suggest distinct pathologic pathways may exist: type 3 achalasia and EGJOO may represent a spastic outflow phenotype consisting of a thickened, spastic circular muscle, which is distinct from type 1 and 2 achalasia consisting of a thin caliber circular muscle layer with more prominent esophageal dilation.
ZBTB20 mediates stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity via activating the NF‐κB/transient receptor potential channel pathway
Authors: Luo Qing‐Qing , Cheng Li , Wang Bo , Chen Xin , Li Wen‐Ting , Chen Sheng‐Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsychological stress is a major trigger for visceral hypersensitivity (VH) in irritable bowel syndrome. The zinc finger protein ZBTB20 (ZBTB20) is implicated in somatic nociception via modulating transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, but its role in the development of VH is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ZBTB20/TRP channel axis in stress‐induced VH.MethodsRats were subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) for 10 consecutive days. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting ZBTB20 was intrathecally administered. Inhibitors of TRP channels, stress hormone receptors, and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) were administered. Visceromotor response to colorectal distension was recorded. Dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were dissected for Western blot, coimmunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The DRG‐derived neuron cell line was applied for specific research.Key ResultsWAS‐induced VH was suppressed by the inhibitor of TRPV1, TRPA1, or TRPM8, with enhanced expression of these channels in L6‐S2 DRGs. The inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor or β2‐adrenergic receptor counteracted WAS‐induced VH and TRP channel expression. Concurrently, WAS‐induced stress hormone‐dependent ZBTB20 expression and NF‐κB activation in DRGs. Intrathecally injected ZBTB20 siRNA or an NF‐κB inhibitor repressed WAS‐caused effect. In cultured DRG‐derived neurons, stress hormones promoted nuclear translocation of ZBTB20, which preceded p65 nuclear translocation. And, ZBTB20 siRNA suppressed stress hormone‐caused NF‐κB activation. Finally, WAS enhanced p65 binding to the promoter of TRPV1, TRPA1, or TRPM8 in rat DRGs.Conclusions and InferencesZBTB20 mediates stress‐induced VH via activating NF‐κB/TRP channel pathway in nociceptive sensory neurons.
Nonbinary fungal signals and calcium‐mediated transduction in plant immunity and symbiosis
Authors: Giovannetti Marco , Binci Filippo , Navazio Lorella , Genre Andrea 
Published: November 2023

SummaryChitin oligomers (COs) are among the most common and active fungal elicitors of plant responses. Short‐chain COs from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi activate accommodation responses in the host root, while long‐chain COs from pathogenic fungi are acknowledged to trigger defence responses. The modulation of intracellular calcium concentration – a common second messenger in a wide variety of plant signal transduction processes – plays a central role in both signalling pathways with distinct signature features. Nevertheless, mounting evidence suggests that plant immunity and symbiosis signalling partially overlap at multiple levels. Here, we elaborate on recent findings on this topic, highlighting the nonbinary nature of chitin‐based fungal signals, their perception and their interpretation through Ca2+‐mediated intracellular signals. Based on this, we propose that plant perception of symbiotic and pathogenic fungi is less clear‐cut than previously described and involves a more complex scenario in which partially overlapping and blurred signalling mechanisms act upstream of the unambiguous regulation of gene expression driving accommodation or defence responses.