bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed structure and energetics of La@C60
Authors: Slanina Zdeněk , Lee Shyi‐Long , Adamowicz Ludwik , Filip Uhlík  , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

AbstractComputations are carried out using density functional theory for the endohedral system La@C60, i.e., the very first metallofullerene observed in gas phase (although not yet isolated in a solid form). The computations offer data on the molecular and electronic structure of the species. In particular, it is shown that the encapsulated atom is not located in the cage center, but is shifted toward the wall. There is a substantial charge transfer from the metal to the cage, at some levels of theory amounting roughly to three electrons. It is shown that there is a relatively large energy stabilization upon encapsulation. However, the entropy term also influences the association equilibrium significantly, so that the standard Gibbs‐energy change depends strongly on temperature. The reasons why La@C60 could not be isolated yet are briefly discussed, as well as a possible relationship to superconductivity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Highly talented and “only” an apprentice?
Authors: Stamm Margrit 
Published: February 2005

PurposeAims to present the empirical results from a study of vocational research on the highly gifted pupils.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from a Swiss longitudinal study on the effects of acquiring pre‐school knowledge of reading and mathematics, intellectually above‐average (gifted) pupils, who are now 16‐year‐olds, are filtered out and analysed with respect to their educational background and plans for the future.FindingsThe most striking findings of the analysis are that: those with well above‐average ability are to be found in all educational examination standards; their educational careers may be characterised by notable breaks, yet still be highly successful; and a significant number of pupils decide against completing a high‐school certificate (A‐level equivalent) in favour of vocational training.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation on the authority of the results arises in two respects: with regard to the small size of the sample group and in terms of the fact that the link between performance development, cognitive ability and the actual performance demonstrated cannot be ascertained from the available data.Practical implicationsConsequently, vocational training must also increasingly recognise the possibility of having to train a potentially significant number of apprentices with above‐average abilities in the most varied of domains.Originality/valueThis is an area that, to date, has not been the subject of much empirical investigation.
Building work‐based learning into the school curriculum
Authors: Asher Jenny 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the increasing number of opportunities for pre‐16 young people at schools in England to become involved in work related and work based programmes and to look at the key drivers of change and their impact.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is descriptive, covering current trends and also uses a case study example.FindingsThe conclusions of the article are that there is an upward increase in work‐based learning which is likely to continue significantly in the immediate and medium term. The article also highlights the increasing importance of employer engagement and understanding of the new initiatives.Research limitations/implicationsThis article has been written from the perspective of Education Business Partnerships, who act in a brokerage capacity for schools, colleges and businesses. It is not based on statistical analysis directly from schools.Practical implicationsThe increased flexibility offered to schools, and the possibility of varied contexts for learning, means that there will be a greater scope for schools to meet students’ learning needs.Originality/valueThis article will be of especial interest to any colleagues and employers involved in post‐16 provision of work based learning in terms of progression issues.
Medical research and the Institutional Review Board
Authors: Robinson Judith G. , Lipscomb Gehle Jessica 
Published: February 2005

PurposeLibrarians at Eastern Virginia Medical School established a proactive role in research support when the position of Institutional Review Board (IRB) librarian was created in 2001. Aims to confirm that the IRB librarian assists the school's boards in ensuring human subjects’ protection. Generally, this service is provided in the form of comprehensive searches of medical and other literature and news.Design/methodology/approachA program was instigated in order to provide expertise in literature searches to support board members, as they review individual protocols.FindingsAlthough serving a relatively small number of users, the program has a major impact on the school's research agenda.Originality/valueDescribes lessons learned, problems encountered, outcomes, and professional gains and lists materials for further reading.
Research, development, and production of information resources and tools
Authors: McKibbon K. Ann , Eady Angela , Walker‐Dilks Cindy J. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe Health Information Research Unit (HIRU) at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, was founded to meet the information needs that were quickly becoming apparent in the course of teaching critical appraisal methods for the practice of evidence‐based medicine. Librarians have worked in HIRU from its inception and their activities include teaching searching skills to clinicians, collecting and analyzing data for developing methods hedges to increase retrieval of high‐quality clinical articles, evaluating study methods of articles for four evidence‐based journals, and developing more sophisticated ways to deliver electronic information to clinicians. This article summarizes these developments.Design/methodology/approachTo show the range and richness of the roles performed over the years, some of the cycles and projects with which HIRU has been involved and how librarians have fit in are described. Not all projects have been “successful”, but often the unsuccessful ones are as informative as – if not more so than – those that met one's expectations.FindingsOne of the main outcomes of the work is the recognition that many job opportunities in areas of informatics exist for librarians and other information professionals. Other groups are acknowledging that librarians can have substantial input into information products and anyone considering health sciences librarianship as a career should realize that many of the skills obtained during training will equip one for work in many non‐traditional settings.Originality/valueIt is felt that a contribution has been made to the continuing education of many of one's peers and help given to build one's research base and information products. The professional relationships that have been established because of these interactions have been rich and rewarding. Anyone interested in a career in health librarianship is encouraged to consider the opportunities available in research and development and other non‐traditional (non‐library) settings.
Community outreach partnerships
Authors: Basler Thomas G. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeCommunity outreach is generally stated to be a strategic combination of resources and talents that will exceed the capabilities of individuals working alone. Describes the Medical University of South Carolina's projects which target largely rural, minority populations.Design/methodology/approachPrograms and partnerships include niche groups and state‐wide populations, with sponsors including government agencies, the Duke Endowment and local cities. Librarians are familiar with and are already successful at reaching out to the community of health professionals; however, reaching out to the lay community is more complex. Academics are used to being in charge and often have a narrow point‐of‐focus. Together with the community an attempt was made to identify difficulties and pitfalls, as well as outcomes that are important for the long term.FindingsAlthough librarians are improving their ability to work in any capacity within community outreach projects, universities and libraries do not naturally support this work. However, for some librarians participation provides an exhilarating experience.Originality/valueThe paper indicates the value of having a librarian as part of the community outreach team. Librarians are often of great value to the team. Very often the work done by the librarian would not have been done at all.
Public health information support
Authors: Rambo Neil 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThis case study describes the assignment of an academic health sciences librarian to another academic unit for a period of two years. This arrangement enabled the librarian to focus on work with an interdisciplinary team to assess the information needs and uses of public health workers in Washington State and to develop online resources to address those needs.Design/methodology/approachThe assessment process employed semi‐structured discussions and interviews with segments of the workforce. “Information toolkits” – practitioner‐oriented and highly focused web pages that provided an overview of select notifiable diseases – were developed based on what was learned from the assessment.FindingsThis experience would not have been possible within the normal work environment and provided the librarian with knowledge, contacts, and opportunities not available otherwise.Originality/valueAn outcome of the assignment was increased knowledge of public health information needs among the community of health sciences librarians.
Bringing information literacy to career services
Authors: Hollister Christopher 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose and the importance of information literacy initiatives continue to gain recognition outside the walls of libraries. The success of these initiatives depends largely on their integration into institutional curricula. Librarian outreach to faculty and academic departments is instrumental for successful integration. Student services divisions, however, are often overlooked as areas in need of librarian outreach and information literacy instruction. This paper will show how innovative outreach activities have helped to forge a partnership between the University at Buffalo Libraries and the University's Career Services Office.Design/methodology/approachA review of the literature reveals how instruction librarians have employed outreach activities to integrate information literacy into the curricula of biology, business, chemistry, psychology, and many other academic disciplines. Examples of integrating information literacy into academic programs are also in evidence.FindingsThe aforementioned partnership benefits university students, librarians, and career services personnel.Originality/valueIntegrated library instruction, information literacy workshops, collaborative collection development, and librarian reference hours in the career services office are among the positive outcomes of the study.
Fibre in the wind
Authors: Emslie Chris 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo review the manufacture of specialty optical fibres used in sensors.Design/methodology/approach – Describes speciality optical fibres that use fibre Bragg gratings and time division multiplexing. Applications include structural monitoring in wind turbines, yacht masts and civil engineering structures.Findings – The oil and gas industry has used these types of sensors because of their cost efficiency and safety. As the sensors have no electrical connections they generate no heat and use only low power light, which makes them ideal for hazardous areas. It also enables reliable and highly‐stable, long term monitoring of critical production equipment.Originality/value – Provides a source of information on speciality optical fibre sensors.
Endevco Corporation
Authors: Bogue Robert W. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo provide corporate and technical details of the US‐based Endevco Corporation. This company is a leading manufacturer of sensors and systems for measuring vibration, shock and other physical variables.Design/methodology/approach – This profile considers the Endevco company structure, technology, products, markets and applications, including historical achievements and recent developments.Findings – This paper discusses the company's use of piezoelectric ceramic and microengineered silicon technologies in a range of high performance sensors for measuring shock, acceleration, vibration and pressure.Originality/value – This provides an insight into the Endevco company structure, products, technologies and markets.
Liquid flow sensor for nano‐ and micro‐flow ranges
Authors: Lötters Joost 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo present a new generation of liquid flow sensors that is capable of meeting the requirements as imposed by the life science, analysis, biotech and other markets.Design/methodology/approach – A description of the design and development of low flow rate measuring system and typical applications.Findings – The system described uses tubes made of silica, stainless steel or PEEK, and either constant power or constant temperature methods in conjunction with a heater and temperature sensor. The tested instruments were capable of measuring flow ranges between 25‐500 nl/min (smallest flow range) and 100‐2000 μl/min (largest flow range) water, with operating pressures up to 100 bar (up to 400 bar for flow meters with flow ranges below 100 μl/min).Originality/value – Presents information on a new generation of liquid flow sensors.
3D scanning by multiple fan beam X‐ray sources and sensors
Authors: Benjamin Ralph , Prakoonwit Simant 
Published: February 2005

PurposeComputer tomography (CT) for 3D reconstruction entails a huge number of coplanar fan‐beam projections for each of a large number of 2D slice images, and excessive radiation intensities and dosages. For some applications its rate of throughput is also inadequate. A technique for overcoming these limitations is outlined.Design methodology/approach– A novel method to reconstruct 3D surface models of objects is presented, using, typically, ten, 2D projective images. These images are generated by relative motion between this set of objects and a set of ten fanbeam X‐ray sources and sensors, with their viewing axes suitably distributed in 2D angular space.Findings– The method entails a radiation dosage several orders of magnitude lower than CT, and requires far less computational power. Experimental results are given to illustrate the capability of the techniquePractical implications– The substantially lower cost of the method and, more particularly, its dramatically lower irradiation make it relevant to many applications precluded by current techniquesOriginality/value– The method can be used in many applications such as aircraft hold‐luggage screening, 3D industrial modelling and measurement, and it should also have important applications to medical diagnosis and surgery.
Development of the orifice plate with a cone swirler flow conditioner
Authors: Ahmadi A. , Beck S.B.M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe sensitivity of orifice plate metering to poorly conditioned and swirling flows are subjects of concerns to flow meter users and manufacturers. The distortions caused by pipe fittings and pipe installations upstream of the orifice plate are major sources of this type of non‐standard flows. These distortions will alter the accuracy of metering up to an unacceptable degree.Design/methodology/approach – The design of orifice plate meters that are independent of the initial flow conditions of the upstream is a major object of flow metering. Either using a long straight pipe or a flow conditioner upstream of an orifice plate usually achieves this goal. The effect of cone swirler flow conditioner for both standard and non‐standard flow conditions has been carried out in the experimental rig. The measuring of mass flow rate under different conditions and different Reynolds numbers were used to establish a change in discharge coefficient relative to a standard one.Findings – The experimental results using the cone swirler flow conditioner showed that the combination of an orifice plate and cone swirler flow conditioner is broadly insensitive to upstream disturbances. The results clearly show that this flow conditioner can attenuate the effect of both swirling and asymmetric flows on metering to an acceptable level.Originality/value – Previous work on the orifice plate has shown that the concept has promise. The results of using a combination of a cone swirler and orifice plate for non‐standard flow conditions including swirling flow and asymmetric flow show this package can preserve the accuracy of metering up to the level required in the standards, providing that a new discharge coefficient is used for the combined swirler and orifice plate.
How strategic is housing asset management of institutional real estate investors?
Authors: Nieboer Nico 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThere is a clear tendency towards more business‐like approaches in the housing sectors in many European countries. The paper attempts to identify these approaches and related techniques with Dutch institutional real estate investors.Design/methodology/approachIt has been investigated how real estate investors in The Netherlands decide about the physical and technical development and the tenure of their housing stock. In‐depth interviews have been held with several large real estate investors, which cover the majority of all dwellings in the sector.FindingsResults show that investment allocations are only partly rationalised and are not in the least based on intuition. In addition, some elements of strategic asset management prove to be less common than we had expected from the commercial nature of these elements.Research limitations/implicationsThe research concentrates on the development of the total portfolio. In future research, individual estates can be selected for case studies, in order to assess to what extent the policies on portfolio level are carried out in practice.Originality/valueThe paper presents recent evidence on the state of professionalisation in the commercial housing sector.
Sub process challenges in ultra fine pitch stencil printing of type‐6 and type‐7 Pb‐free solder pastes for flip chip assembly applications
Authors: Jackson G.J. , Hendriksen M.W. , Kay R.W. , Desmulliez M. , Durairaj R.K. , Ekere N.N. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe study investigates the sub process behaviour in stencil printing of type‐6 and type‐7 particle size distribution (PSD) Pb‐free solder pastes to assess their printing limits.Design/methodology/approachTwo solder pastes were used in a design of experiments approach to find optimal printing parametersFindingsSolder paste printing has been achieved to ultimately produce 30 μm deposits at 60 μm pitch for full area array patterns using a type‐7 Pb‐free solder paste. For a type‐6 PSD solder paste, full area array printing was limited to 50 μm deposits at 110 μm pitch. However, for peripheral printing patterns, 50 μm deposits at 90 μm pitch were obtained. The disparities in the behaviour of the two paste types at different geometries can be attributed to differences in the sub‐processes of the stencil printing. The paste release of the type‐6 paste from the stencil apertures at fine pitch was superior to the type‐7 paste, which may be attributed to the finer particle paste producing an increased drag force along the stencil aperture walls. However, the type‐7 paste was able to fill the smallest aperture openings, ultimately to 30 μm, thus producing full array printing patterns at uniquely small pitches.Practical implicationsThis advancement in the stencil printing process has been made possible by refinements to both solder paste design and stencil manufacturing technology. Adjustments in the solder paste rheology have enabled successful printing at ultra fine pitch geometries. This, together with selecting appropriate printing parameters such as printing speed, pressure, print gap and separation speed, allows a practical printing process window. Moreover, advancements in stencil fabrication methods have produced “state‐of‐the‐art” stencils exhibiting very precisely defined aperture shapes, with smooth walls at very fine pitch, thus allowing for improved solder paste release at very small dimensions.Originality/valueThe results can be used to present a low cost solution for Pb‐free flip chip wafer bumping. Furthermore, the results indicate that type‐6 and type‐7 solder pastes should be applied to/selected for specific application geometries.
Improving the reliability of a plastic IC package in the reflow soldering process by DOE
Authors: Woo Kim Geun , Yong Lee Kang 
Published: February 2005

PurposeOptimisation of the package design in order to reduce stresses in a plastic small outlineJ‐lead (SOJ) package and to thereby prevent fractures during the infrared soldering process.Design/methodology/approachFinite element (FE) modelling was used, both with and without crack tip‐modelling. A design of experiment (DOE) approach was used to reduce the number of FE models required.FindingsThe optimum design values for minimization of thermal stress and the prevention of fracture were found to be different. The results allow the values of design variables such as the dimensions and material properties of the IC package.Practical implicationsTo reduce the stresses and thereby prevent fracture, the values of the Young's modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of the epoxy moulding compound should be reduced.Originality/valueThe work has used both stress analysis and fracture mechanics analysis along with DOE to identify the design values which simultaneously reduce the thermal stresses and prevent the fracture of the IC package.
Competitive strategies and performance in Spanish hospitality firms
Authors: Garrigós‐Simón Fernando J. , Palacios Marqués Daniel , Narangajavana Yeamduan 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe aim of this article is to identify the relationships between strategic orientations and various performance measurements in Spanish hospitality enterprises.Design/methodology/approachWith a sample of 189 hospitality firms, this study uses the Miles and Snow strategy typology, and validates a performance scale using the structural equations technique.FindingsFollowing the application of ANOVA methodology, the paper confirms that the three viable strategy types identified in the literature (prospectors, defenders, and analysers) are likely to perform well. In contrast, reactors are linked with poor performance.Practical implicationsInferences drawn from this study should take into account the limitations of the sample and the methodology used, mainly as using qualitative data. However, the evidence of the findings suggests that any of the positive strategic profiles are effective forms of competing and organizing, and can be equally successful in any environment if the firm implements it consistently.Originality/valueConfirms that the established typologies are still relevant to industry approaches.