bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardised Assessment of Personality – Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): Preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder
Authors: Moran Paul , Leese Morven , Lee Tennyson , Walters Paul , Thornicroft Graham , Mann Anthony 
Published: August 2003

BackgroundThere is a need for a brief and simple screen for personality disorders that can be used in routine psychiatric assessments.AimsTo test the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of a brief screen for personality disorder.MethodSixty psychiatric patients were administered a brief screening interview for personality disorder. On the same day, they were interviewed with an established assessment for DSM–IV personality disorder. Three weeks later, the brief screening interview was repeated in order to examine test–retest reliability.ResultsA score of 3 on the screening interview correctly identified the presence of DSM–IV personality disorder in 90% of participants. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 and 0.85 respectively.ConclusionsThe study provides preliminary evidence of the usefulness of the screen in routine clinical settings.
‘Still-face’ interactions between mothers with borderline personality disorder and their 2-month-old infants
Authors: Crandell Lisa E. , Patrick Matthew P. H. , Hobson R. Peter 
Published: August 2003

BackgroundThere is evidence that psychopathology in mothers may be associated with dysfunctional mother–infant interactions.AimsTo investigate mother–infant relations when mothers have borderline personality disorder.MethodEight mothers with borderline personality disorder and twelve mothers without psychiatric disorder were videotaped interacting with their 2-month-old infants in three successive phases of interaction: face-to-face play; an episode when the mother adopted a ‘still face’ and was unreactive; and a period when play interactions were resumed. The videotapes were rated by judges blind to the diagnostic group of the mother.ResultsThe mothers with borderline personality disorder were more intrusively insensitive towards their infants. During the still-face period, their infants showed increased looking away and dazed looks. Following this, mother–infant interactions were less satisfying and their infants showed dazed looks and lowering of affect.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of borderline personality disorder is associated with a particular pattern of mother–infant interaction. The infants' responses to the still-face challenge might suggest dysfunctional self-regulation, but the developmental significance remains to be assessed.
Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia
Authors: Spector Aimee , Thorgrimsen Lene , Woods Bob , Royan Lindsay , Davies Steve , Butterworth Margaret , Orrell Martin 
Published: August 2003

BackgroundA recent Cochrane review of reality orientation therapy identified the need for large, well-designed, multi-centre trials.AimsTo test the hypothesis that cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for older people with dementia would benefit cognition and quality of life.MethodA single-blind, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial recruited 201 older people with dementia. The main outcome measures were change in cognitive function and quality of life. An intention-to-treat analysis used analysis of covariance to control for potential variability in baseline measures.ResultsOne hundred and fifteen people were randomised within centres to the intervention group and 86 to the control group. At follow-up the intervention group had significantly improved relative to the control group on the Mini-Mental State Examination (P=0.044), the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognition (ADAS–Cog) (P=0.014) and Quality of Life – Alzheimer's Disease scales (P=0.028). Using criteria of 4 points or more improvement on the ADAS–Cog the number needed to treat was 6 for the intervention group.ConclusionThe results compare favourably with trials of drugs for dementia. CST groups may have worthwhile benefits for many people with dementia.
Forty lives in the bebop business: Mental health in a group of eminent jazz musicians
Authors: Wills Geoffrey I. 
Published: August 2003

BackgroundAbove-average levels of psychopathology have been demonstrated convincingly in groups of outstanding individuals working in the arts. Currently, jazz musicians have not been studied in this regard.AimsTo investigate any evidence of psychopathology in a group of eminent jazz musicians.MethodBiographical material relating to 40 eminent American modern jazz musicians was reviewed and an attempt was made to formulate diagnoses using DSM–IV.ResultsEvidence was provided of levels of psychopathology in the sample of jazz musicians similar to those found in other previously investigated creative groups, with the exception of substance-related problems. An interesting connection between creativity and sensation-seeking was highlighted.ConclusionsThe link between psychopathology and creativity in the arts was given further weight. Future studies of jazz musicians using larger samples and making comparison with groups from different eras of music would give greater clarification to this area.
Services for opiate misuse: can primary care meet government expectations?
Authors: Brownell Lisa W. , Naik Prakash C. 
Published: August 2003

Aims and MethodIn order to assess the current provision for patients who misuse opiates in primary care, the discrepancy between this, and government expectations and the resources required to bridge this gap, a purpose-designed questionnaire based on the Department of Health guidelines was distributed to all general practitioners (GPs) in Solihull and Warwickshire (n=379). Data were analysed with the Chi-squared, Fisher's exact, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests, using the computer software SPSS version 10.ResultsReplies were received from 205 GPs, representing 77.2% of the practices. Only 12 GPs (6%) provided all four key services studied and 71 (34%) provided none of these services. One hundred and six GPs (51.7%) had read the guidelines. Of these, 51 (49%) were not willing to change their practice. Forty-one (39.4%) were prepared to change their practice, but only with additional resources. The main resources identified as necessary were shared care and training.Clinical ImplicationsThere is a huge gap between current provision and government expectations, which may be unrealistic. If this gap is to be bridged, then resources should be targeted to shared care and training for GPs.
Media coverage of mental health care in the UK, USA and Australia
Authors: Huang Beatrice , Priebe Stefan 
Published: August 2003

Aims and MethodWe aimed to assess the contents and tone of articles on mental health care in the UK print media by comparing them with reporting in the USA and Australia. Two broadsheets from each country were analysed using the Internet for a random 4 months over a 1-year period. The number of articles, their content and the views expressed in them were identified and compared.ResultsA total of 118 articles on mental health care issues were found. The predominant tone of the articles in all three countries was negative, though there were slightly more positive articles in the USA and Australian media. Positive articles highlighted in the UK media covered mostly medical conferences and research findings.Clinical ImplicationsEfforts to achieve a more positive attitude towards people with mental illnesses in the public, such as anti-stigma campaigns, operate against a background of predominantly negative coverage of mental health care issues in broadsheets. The coverage in the UK may tend to be even less positive than in the USA and Australia. Medical conferences and research findings can, however, be used to promote positive views of mental health care in the media.
Involving service users in their mental health care: the CUES Project
Authors: Blenkiron Paul , Mo Kwai Hong , Cuzen John , Hammill Anne Christine 
Published: August 2003

Aims and MethodTo assess the impact of Carers' & Users' Expectations of Services –User version (CUES–U) upon clinical care planning in working age adults with mental health problems. Eighty-six individuals who were receiving input from the community mental health team gave their views.ResultsLife and service satisfaction ratings ranged from 49% to 88%. The CUES–U discussion led to a change in clinical care for 49% of respondents. Care coordinators rated CUES–U as a good use of their time in 64% of cases. Women and those with a shorter duration of mental disorder were rated as more engaged in the consultation process.Clinical ImplicationsCUES–U appears to be a useful tool for supporting individual clinical care and the evaluation of community mental health services.
Liaison psychiatry continues to expand: developing services in the British Isles
Authors: Swift Geraldine , Guthrie Else 
Published: August 2003

Aims and MethodA postal survey of consultants in liaison psychiatry was carried out in the spring of 2002 to document the current state of liaison psychiatry in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Information was collected on post specifications, clinical organisation and plans for further local development.ResultsNinety-three liaison consultants were identified. Seventy-seven posts were full-time or half-time, compared with 43 such posts in 1996. During the same time period, specialist registrar training posts have doubled from 30 to 61. A third of respondents anticipated further consultant posts in their region.Clinical ImplicationsDespite the increase in the number of liaison consultants since 1996, the numbers still fall below that recommended by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Liaison consultants need to improve links with primary care and continue to develop specialised services to demonstrate the qualitative and financial benefits that liaison psychiatry has to offer to a wide range of patients.
Service innovations
Authors: Richman Anna , Wilson Ken , Scally Lynn , Edwards Paul , Wood Jacqueline 
Published: August 2003

Aims and MethodWe describe activity and outcome concerning a consecutive series of older community patients referred to an outreach support team while waiting for acute psychiatric admission.ResultsForty patients on an admissions waiting list who were referred to the outreach support team were followed up. Each patient was reassessed for admission by the responsible medical officer when an in-patient bed became available. Thirty patients who would have been admitted (if a bed had been available at the time of the first assessment) remained at home and did not need hospitalisation.Clinical ImplicationsThis study suggests that intensive domiciliary support might offer an acceptable form of crisis intervention for older people with mental illness. Further research is needed before generalisation of these findings can be recommended.
Better safe than sorry: a survey of safety awareness and safety provisions in the workplace among specialist registrars in the South West
Authors: Sipos Attila , Balmer Robin , Tattan Theresa 
Published: August 2003

Aims and MethodA questionnaire was sent to all general adult psychiatry specialist registrars (SpRs, n=33) on the largest rotation in the South West to survey their safety awareness and provision for safety in their workplace.ResultsThe response rate was 82%. Most SpRs had received training, but less than half within the previous 2 years. Only 44% had been given induction to their job and only 37% reported inclusion in local safety procedures. More than half felt they had to interview in unsuitable rooms and sometimes felt vulnerable or fearful at work. No personal involvement in violent incidents during SpR training was reported.Clinical ImplicationsImportant gaps in workplace safety provision for SpRs persist and should be addressed.
Hip fracture in the immobile patient
Authors: Hay D. , Parker M. J. 
Published: September 2003

Immobility has been used as an indication for conservative treatment of patients with fractures of the hip, although there is little in the literature to support this view. We conducted a prospective review of 3515 patients with hip fractures of whom 152 (4.3%) were immobile prior to the fracture. Nine patients were treated conservatively, the rest by operation. The mean age was 83 years (42 to 99); the mean length of hospital stay was 17.8 days; 19 patients (12.5%) died whilst still in hospital and 120 (79.0%) went back to their original residence. There were 38 post-operative complications. At one year after injury, 73 patients were still alive. Of the survivors, 54 (74.0%) had none or minimal pain in the hip and 58 (79.5%) had the same residential status as before the fracture. Immobility in patients with hip fracture is uncommon and is not a valid reason for withholding surgical treatment.
Fluoroquinolone AUIC Break Points and the Link to Bacterial Killing Rates Part 2: Human Trials
Authors: Schentag Jerome J , Meagher Alison K , Forrest Alan 
Published: August 2003

Objective To review clinical trials with fluoroquinolones and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters predictive of clinical and microbiologic outcomes and resistance. Data on fluoroquinolones are summarized and the premise that a single AUIC target >125 may be used for all fluoroquinolones against all target organisms is examined. Data Sources Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966–February 2002) and through secondary sources. Study Selection And Data Extraction All of the articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and all information deemed relevant was included. Data Synthesis The fluoroquinolones exhibit concentration-dependent killing. This effect clearly depends upon concentrations achieved and outcomes depend upon endpoints established by individual investigators. With AUIC values <60, the actions of fluoroquinolones are essentially bacteriostatic; any observed bacterial killing is the combined effect of low concentrations in relation to minimum inhibitory concentration and the action of host factors such as neutrophils and macrophages. AUIC values >100 but <250 yield bacterial killing at a slow rate, but usually by day 7 of treatment. AUICs >250 produce rapid killing, and bacterial eradication occurs within 24 hours. Disagreements regarding target endpoints are the expected consequences of comparing microbial and clinical outcomes across animal models, in vitro experiments (Part 1), and humans when the endpoints are clearly not equivalent. Careful attention to time-related events such as speed of bacterial killing versus global endpoints such as bacteriologic cure allows optimal break points to be defined. Conclusions Evidence from human trials favors the use of AUIC values >250 for rapid bactericidal action, regardless of whether the organism is gram-negative or gram-positive.
Duration of Anticoagulant Therapy after Initial Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Frazee Lawrence A , Chomo Diane L 
Published: August 2003

Objective To review the literature investigating the duration of oral anticoagulant therapy following a first event of idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE). Data Source MEDLINE (1967–April 2003) and bibliographic searches of the English-language literature pertaining to the duration of oral anticoagulant therapy following a first event of idiopathic VTE was conducted. Search terms included venous thromboembolism, anticoagulation, duration of treatment, warfarin, and idiopathic. Study Selection and Data Extraction The results of all trials and meta-analyses that were obtained are reviewed and critiqued. Data Synthesis The risk of recurrent VTE following a first idiopathic event is similar to the risk in patients with a permanent risk factor. Conventional-intensity oral anticoagulant therapy reduces this risk by 80–90%, but at an annual risk of bleeding of approximately 2–3%. According to the PREVENT trial, low-intensity anticoagulation also affords protection against VTE recurrence, but at a lower risk of bleeding. Older trials indicated that longer therapy was superior to shorter therapy; however, data from recent trials have demonstrated that the benefit was maintained only while receiving therapy. Conclusions Patients with a first episode of idiopathic proximal VTE should be considered for indefinite anticoagulant therapy. The appropriate intensity of anticoagulation is still controversial; however, it appears that low-intensity treatment would be appropriate in most patients. For patients who will not continue therapy indefinitely, there does not appear to be any long-term benefit to extending the duration of therapy from 3 to 6 months.
Comparison of resection and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Oshowo A , Gillams A , Harrison E , Lees W R , Taylor I 
Published: September 2003

Abstract

Background
Liver resection is the treatment of choice for patients with solitary colorectal liver metastases. In recent years, however, radiofrequency ablation has been used increasingly in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. In the absence of randomized clinical trials, this study aimed to compare outcome in patients with solitary colorectal liver metastases treated by surgery or by radiofrequency ablation.

Methods
Solitary colorectal liver metastases were treated by radiofrequency destruction in 25 patients. The indications were extrahepatic disease in seven, vessel contiguity in nine and co-morbidity in nine patients. Outcome was compared with that of 20 patients who were treated by liver resection for solitary metastases and had no evidence of extrahepatic disease. Most patients in both groups also received systemic chemotherapy.

Results
Median survival after liver resection was 41 (range 0–97) months with a 3-year survival rate of 55·4 per cent. There was one postoperative death and morbidity was minimal. Median survival after radiofrequency ablation was 37 (range 9–67) months with a 3-year survival rate of 52·6 per cent.

Conclusion
Survival after resection and radiofrequency ablation of solitary colorectal liver metastases was comparable. The latter is less invasive and requires either an overnight stay or day-case facilities only.
Role of the complement‐lectin pathway in anaphylactoid reaction induced with lipopolysaccharide in mice
Authors: Świerzko Anna St. , Cedzyński Maciej , Kirikae Teruo , Nakano Masayasu , Klink Magdalena , Kirikae Fumiko , Ziółkowski Andrzej , Vinogradov Evgeny V. , Kawakami Masaya 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe show that Proteus vulgaris O25 (PO25) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced an anaphylactoid reaction not only in wild‐type and in lipid A non‐responding mice but also in recombinase‐activating gene‐2‐deficient (RAG‐2–/–) and in mast cell‐deficient (W/Wv) animals. Western blot analysis indicated that PO25 LPS bound to Ra‐reactive factor (RaRF), the complex of mannan‐binding lectins (MBL) and MBL‐associated serine proteases. Binding of RaRF to PO25 LPS led to the activation of C4 component without participation of either C1 or Ig, via the lectin pathway. Relative concentration of RaRF and hemolytic activity in mouse serum decreased rapidly during the process of anaphylactoid reaction. A significant drop of MBL‐A, but not MBL‐C level was observed. Administrationwith antiserum to RaRF prevented animals from death as a consequence of the inhibition of interaction of RaRF with the carbohydrate target and complement activation. These results indicate that complement‐lectin pathway activation is responsible for the anaphylactoid reaction induced with LPS in muramyldipeptide‐primed mice. RaRF also activated fibrinogen in vitro suggesting the involvement of the coagulation system in the process investigated.
Surprises in a ‘Simple' System: 2,4‐Diaminobenzenesulfonic Acid
Authors: Rubin‐Preminger Janice M. , Bernstein Joel 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe search for the polymorphic forms of 2,4‐diaminobenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), known to exist since 1880, has revealed a surprisingly rich solid‐state system for such a simple molecule. A monohydrate, a dimoiric hydrate, an anhydrate and two polymorphic forms of the hydrochloride of this material have thus far been prepared. Their characterization by microscopic and thermal methods, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal structure determination are described.
Demographics, personality, contact, and universal‐diverse orientation: An exploratory examination
Authors: Strauss Judy P. , Connerley Mary L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study explores relationships between race, gender, agreeableness, openness to experience, contact, and a
measure of attitudes toward diversity—universal‐diverse orientation (UDO). UDO consists
of three attitudinal components: realistic appreciation (a cognition), comfort with difference (a
feeling), and diversity of contact (a behavior). Results suggest that race, agreeableness, and
openness relate to UDO attitudes, primarily due to the relationships of these variables with the behavioral
component—diversity of contact. Identifying characteristics of tolerant people (e.g.,
agreeableness) and training managers in skills related to those characteristics may improve contextual
performance and make managers better role models within the organizational context. © 2003 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Family Communication and Genetic Counseling: The Case of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Green Josephine , Richards Martin , Murton Frances , Statham Helen , Hallowell Nina 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn familial breast/ovarian cancer, the information that the proband is able to supply about other family members is of critical importance for genetic counseling. This frequently requires family communication. Forty‐six women attending a cancer genetics clinic were interviewed as part of a longitudinal study. Nearly all reported affected maternal, rather than paternal relatives, which may indicate lack of awareness by women with paternal histories. There was also much more communication among female relatives. Mothers, where they were still alive, were key figures in supplying family information. Although the majority of the sample contacted at least one relative regarding counseling, most named a relative with whom they did not feel able to communicate on this subject. Probands balanced the perceived obligation of passing on information with that of not causing alarm. Communication, both obtaining and giving information, was impeded by adoption, divorce and remarriage, family rifts, and large age gaps between siblings.
The Effects of Family and Neighborhood Characteristics on the Behavioral and Cognitive Development of Poor Black Children: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jackson Aurora P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractUsing data from an ongoing study of 178 single‐mother, Black families, this study investigates the relations among family resources (mothers' employment, income from employment, and educational attainment), maternal depressive symptoms, neighborhood quality in the preschool years and over time, and child developmental outcomes (behavior problems, broad reading, calculation) in the early school years. Results indicate that behavior problems in school‐age children were associated with behavior problems early on, the child's gender, the mother's depressive symptoms and, to some extent, her employment status. However, these findings were conditioned by the mother's educational attainment and her evaluation of neighborhood problems early on. Better broad reading scores were associated with higher maternal educational attainment, especially for school‐age girls of employed mothers, whereas higher calculation scores were predicted by fewer school‐age behavior problems and, in the presence of higher neighborhood problems in the preschool years, mothers' higher educational attainment.