bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent transmission of multiple carbapenemases in a long-term acute-care hospital
Authors: Rankin Danielle A. , Walters Maroya Spalding , Caicedo Luz , Gable Paige , Moulton-Meissner Heather A. , Chan Allison , Burks Albert , Edwards Kendra , McAllister Gillian , Kent Alyssa , Laufer Halpin Alison , Moore Christina , McLemore Tracy , Thomas Linda , Dotson Nychie Q. , Chu Alvina K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjective:We investigated concurrent outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying blaVIM (VIM-CRPA) and Enterobacterales carrying blaKPC (KPC-CRE) at a long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH A).Methods:We defined an incident case as the first detection of blaKPC or blaVIM from a patient’s clinical cultures or colonization screening test. We reviewed medical records and performed infection control assessments, colonization screening, environmental sampling, and molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing organisms from clinical and environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing.Results:From July 2017 to December 2018, 76 incident cases were identified from 69 case patients: 51 had blaKPC, 11 had blaVIM, and 7 had blaVIM and blaKPC. Also, blaKPC were identified from 7 Enterobacterales, and all blaVIM were P. aeruginosa. We observed gaps in hand hygiene, and we recovered KPC-CRE and VIM-CRPA from drains and toilets. We identified 4 KPC alleles and 2 VIM alleles; 2 KPC alleles were located on plasmids that were identified across multiple Enterobacterales and in both clinical and environmental isolates.Conclusions:Our response to a single patient colonized with VIM-CRPA and KPC-CRE identified concurrent CPO outbreaks at LTACH A. Epidemiologic and genomic investigations indicated that the observed diversity was due to a combination of multiple introductions of VIM-CRPA and KPC-CRE and to the transfer of carbapenemase genes across different bacteria species and strains. Improved infection control, including interventions that minimized potential spread from wastewater premise plumbing, stopped transmission.
Partisan communication in two-stage elections: the effect of primaries on intra-campaign positional shifts in congressional elections
Authors: Cowburn Mike , Sältzer Marius 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The influence of congressional primary elections on candidate positioning remains disputed and poorly understood. We test whether candidates communicate artificially “extreme” positions during the nomination, as revealed by moderation following a primary defeat. We apply a scaling method based on candidates language on Twitter to estimate positions of 988 candidates in contested US House of Representatives primaries in 2020 over time, demonstrating validity against NOMINATE (r > 0.93) where possible. Losing Democratic candidates moderated significantly after their primary defeat, indicating strategic position-taking for perceived electoral benefit, where the nomination contest induced artificially “extreme” communication. We find no such effect among Republicans. These findings have implications for candidate strategy in two-stage elections and provide further evidence of elite partisan asymmetry.
How does cognitive behavior therapy for dissociative seizures work? A mediation analysis of the CODES trial
Authors: Chalder T. , Landau S. , Stone J. , Carson A. , Reuber M. , Medford N. , Robinson E. J. , Goldstein L. H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe compared dissociative seizure specific cognitive behavior therapy (DS-CBT) plus standardized medical care (SMC) to SMC alone in a randomized controlled trial. DS-CBT resulted in better outcomes on several secondary trial outcome measures at the 12-month follow-up point. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate putative treatment mechanisms.MethodsWe carried out a secondary mediation analysis of the CODES trial. 368 participants were recruited from the National Health Service in secondary / tertiary care in England, Scotland, and Wales. Sixteen mediation hypotheses corresponding to combinations of important trial outcomes and putative mediators were assessed. Twelve-month trial outcomes considered were final-month seizure frequency, Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the SF-12v2, a quality-of-life measure providing physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Mediators chosen for analysis at six months (broadly corresponding to completion of DS-CBT) included: (a) beliefs about emotions, (b) a measure of avoidance behavior, (c) anxiety and (d) depression.ResultsAll putative mediator variables except beliefs about emotions were found to be improved by DS-CBT. We found evidence for DS-CBT effect mediation for the outcome variables dissociative seizures (DS), WSAS and SF-12v2 MCS scores by improvements in target variables avoidance behavior, anxiety, and depression. The only variable to mediate the DS-CBT effect on the SF-12v2 PCS score was avoidance behavior.ConclusionsOur findings largely confirmed the logic model underlying the development of CBT for patients with DS. Interventions could be additionally developed to specifically address beliefs about emotions to assess whether it improves outcomes.
Game characterizations for the number of quantifiers
Authors: Hella Lauri , Luosto Kerkko 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA game that characterizes equivalence of structures with respect to all first-order sentences containing a given number of quantifiers was introduced by Immerman in 1981. We define three other games and prove that they are all equivalent to the Immerman game, and hence also give a characterization for the number of quantifiers needed for separating structures. In the Immerman game, Duplicator has a canonical optimal strategy, and hence Duplicator can be completely removed from the game by replacing her moves with default moves given by this optimal strategy. On the other hand, in the last two of our games there is no such optimal strategy for Duplicator. Thus, the Immerman game can be regarded as a one-player game, but two of our games are genuine two-player games.
Footprint of Emergency Medicine Physicians in Disaster Medicine Publications: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Biçakçi Nurcan , Biçakçi Sercan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Investigating the developments in the ever-growing field of disaster medicine and revealing the scientific trends will make an important contribution to researchers in related fields. This study aims to identify the contributions of emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) and trends in disaster medicine publications.Methods:The expressions “disaster medicine” or “disaster*” and “medicine*” were searched in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Research and review papers produced by EMPs from 2001 through 2021 were included in the study. Basic descriptive information was assessed such as the number of publications, authors, citations, most active authors, institutions, countries, and journals. In addition, conceptual, intellectual, and social structures were analyzed.Results:The study included a total of 346 papers written by 1,500 authors. The mean citation rate per publication was 13.2. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, and Academic Emergency Medicine were the journals with the highest number of publications and the highest number of citations. The most common keywords used by the authors were “disaster medicine,” “emergency medicine,” and “disaster/disasters.” According to the distribution of the corresponding authors by country, the United States (n = 175), Japan (n = 23), Italy (n = 20), Australia (n = 17), and Canada (n = 17) had the highest number of publications. The institutions that produced the most publications were John Hopkins University (n = 37), Brigham and Women’s Hospital (n = 27), George Washington University (n = 25), University Piemonte Orientale (n = 24), and Brown University (n = 22).Conclusion:Increasingly, EMPs have contributed to disaster medicine publications over the years. This study can be used as a guide for EMPs and other researchers who want to contribute to the disaster medicine literature.
An emotional advantage of multilingualism
Authors: Koch Martin J. , Kersten Kristin , Greve Werner 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The goal of the current paper is to investigate effects of multilingualism regarding emotional competence (EC). We argue that there might be two paths of influence that connect multilingualism and EC. First, we assume that multilingualism represents a linguistically and culturally heterogeneous context that may stimulate the development of EC. Second, cognitions, such as executive control or divergent thinking, might be an important condition for or constituent of emotions. Since cognitive abilities are sometimes assumed to be positively influenced by multilingualism (called the cognitive resp. bilingual advantage hypothesis), multilingualism might affect EC by boosting these cognitive functions. In an initial pre-study (N = 85) we found that two EC subcomponents were significantly predicted by degree of multilingualism (DM). In a second study (N = 989), we found that DM significantly predicted EC directly and was mediated by cultural heterogeneity but not by language switching, executive functions, or divergent thinking.
Managing the shortfall risk of target date funds by overfunding
Authors: Barone Adesi Giovanni , Platen Eckhard , Sala Carlo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Is it possible to achieve almost riskless, nonfluctuating investment payoffs in the long run, at a fraction of the traditional funding requirement, using equity investments? What is their shortfall risk? These questions are motivated by the need to increase yields, while limiting the variability of investment results. We show how to use contingent claims, denominated in units of a stock index, to achieve an almost riskless investment outcome. To control the risk of the proposed hedge portfolios, we introduce an overfunded scheme and show its reliability using bootstrapping. Results show that a modest amount of overfunding is an effective risk-management approach that brings the probability of not achieving the target to less than 1 percent. Our results are based on the use of the minimal market model and a change of numeraire. Robustness tests support their validity under different market specifications.
Object-cause of desire and ontological security: evidence from Serbia's opposition to Kosovo's membership in UNESCO
Authors: Vulović Marina , Ejdus Filip 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe traditional Laing–Giddens paradigm views ontological insecurity as an unusual mental state triggered by critical situations and characterized by feelings of anxiety, disorientation and paralysis. However, theories inspired by Lacan suggest a different perspective, stating that ontological insecurity is not an exception but rather a regular state of mind. Similarly, ontological security is a fantasy stemming from the desire to fill the primordial lack, thus fuelling agency. While these Lacanian interpretations have introduced a fresh viewpoint into Ontological Security Studies (OSS), they have not fully incorporated one of the key concepts from Lacanian psychoanalysis – the object-cause of desire (French: objet petit a) – into international relations theory. In this article, we present a framework of how to conceptualize and empirically study the objects-cause of desire in world politics. Our arguments are exemplified in a case study of Serbia's resistance to Kosovo's UNESCO membership in 2015.
Empirical evidence of predictive adaptive response in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis of migrant populations
Authors: Bueno López Clara , Gómez Moreno Guillermo , Palloni Alberto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMeta-analysis is used to test a variant of a Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease (DOHaD)’s conjecture known as predictive adaptive response (PAR). According to it, individuals who are exposed to mismatches between adverse or constrained in utero conditions, on the one hand, and postnatal obesogenic environments, on the other, are at higher risk of developing adult chronic conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We argue that migrant populations from low and middle to high-income countries offer a unique opportunity to test the conjecture. A database was constructed from an exhaustive literature search of peer-reviewed papers published prior to May 2021 contained in PUBMED and SCOPUS using keywords related to migrants, DOHaD, and associated health outcomes. Random effects meta-regression models were estimated to assess the magnitude of effects associated with migrant groups on the prevalence rate of T2D and hypertension in adults and overweight/obesity in adults and children. Overall, we used 38 distinct studies and 78 estimates of diabetes, 59 estimates of hypertension, 102 estimates of overweight/obesity in adults, and 23 estimates of overweight/obesity in children. Our results show that adult migrants experience higher prevalence of T2D than populations at destination (PR 1.48; 95% CI 1.35–1.65) and origin (PR 1.80; 95% CI 1.40–2.34). Similarly, there is a significant excess of obesity prevalence in children migrants (PR 1.22; 95% CI 1.04–1.43) but not among adult migrants (PR 0.89; 95% CI 0.80–1.01). Although the total effect of migrant status on prevalence of hypertension is centered on zero, some migrant groups show increased risks. Finally, the size of estimated effects varies significantly by migrant groups according to place of destination. Despite limitations inherent to all meta-analyses and admitting that some of our findings may be accounted for alternative explanations, the present study shows empirical evidence consistent with selected PAR-like conjectures.
The Role of Deep Winter Mixing and Wind‐Driven Surface Ekman Transport in Supplying Oceanic Nitrate to a Temperate Shelf Sea
Authors: Wei Xiaoyan , Hopkins Joanne , Oltmanns Marilena , Johnson Clare , Inall Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNutrient availability across temperate continental shelves just before the onset of seasonal stratification is an important control on the spring phytoplankton bloom. However, shelf‐scale quantification of nitrate supply from the open ocean during winter, a major source of shelf nitrate, is lacking. We used an objective analysis of subsurface ocean temperature (2000–2021), a nitrate climatology and an atmosphere reanalysis to quantify: (a) the interannual variability of the winter surface mixed layer depth (MLD) along the North West (NW) European shelf break, (b) oceanic surface nitrate concentration following deep winter mixing (i.e., nitrate recharge), and (c) the pre‐bloom wind‐driven cross‐shelf surface Ekman transport. Our results show clear latitude‐dependent regimes. In the north, across the Rockall‐Malin and Hebrides shelves, winter winds drive an average on‐shelf surface nitrate transport of 6.9 and 13.1 mmol m−1 s−1, respectively. In the south, adjacent to the Celtic and Armorican shelves, large year‐to‐year variability in the MLD across strong subsurface vertical nitrate gradients results in significant year‐to‐year variability (up to ∼6 mmol m−3) in the winter nitrate recharge. However, the winter surface Ekman transport is off‐shelf with an average magnitude of 3.7 and 5.4 mmol m−1 s−1 across the Armorican and Celtic Sea shelves, respectively. Our study provides the first shelf‐scale estimates of interannual variability in the winter wind‐driven surface nitrate supply to the NW European Shelf. The limitations of this study imposed by reliance on a nitrate climatology highlights the need for sustained biogeochemical sampling across the shelf slope to better understand cross‐shelf nitrate transport processes.
Atmospheric CO2 Estimates for the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene Using Multi‐Species Cross‐Calibrations of Boron Isotopes
Authors: Anderson Lloyd B. , Hönisch Bärbel , Coxall Helen K. , Bolge Louise 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe boron isotope (δ11B) proxy for seawater pH is a tried and tested means to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 in the geologic past, but uncertainty remains over how to treat species‐specific calibrations that link foraminiferal δ11B to pH estimates prior to 22 My. In addition, no δ11B‐based reconstructions of atmospheric CO2 exist for wide swaths of the Oligocene (33–23 Ma), and large variability in CO2 reconstructions during this epoch based on other proxy evidence leaves climate evolution during this period relatively unconstrained. To add to our understanding of Oligocene and early Miocene climate, we generated new atmospheric CO2 estimates from new δ11B data from fossil shells of surface‐dwelling planktic foraminifera from the mid‐Oligocene to early Miocene (∼28–18 Ma). We estimate atmospheric CO2 of ∼680 ppm for the mid‐Oligocene, which then evolves to fluctuate between ∼500–570 ppm during the late Oligocene and between ∼420–700 ppm in the early Miocene. These estimates tend to trend higher than Oligo‐Miocene CO2 estimates from other proxies, although we observe good proxy agreement in the late Oligocene. Reconstructions of CO2 fall lower than estimates from paleoclimate model simulations in the early Miocene and mid Oligocene, which indicates that more proxy and/or model refinement is needed for these periods. Our species cross‐calibrations, assessing δ11B, Mg/Ca, δ18O, and δ13C, are able to pinpoint and evaluate small differences in the geochemistry of surface‐dwelling planktic foraminifera, lending confidence to paleoceanographers applying this approach even further back in time.
Evaluation of Summertime Passive Microwave and Reanalysis Sea‐Ice Concentration in the Central Arctic
Authors: Song Kexin , Minnett Peter J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPassive microwave (PM) observations have been used to monitor ice retreat in the Arctic. However, various PM sea ice concentration (SIC) algorithms are prone to underestimate ice fraction during summer. We evaluated the accuracy of 2002–2019 low SICs in the Central Arctic Ocean of four PM products from the University of Bremen, the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), and the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF), and two reanalysis data sets from the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5) and the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2). Three reference fields were used: (a) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) true‐color composites, (b) MODIS sea ice extent, and (c) multi‐product ensemble (MPE‐SIC) comprising the median of collocated SIC estimates. Our results indicate SICs derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ‐ Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) high frequency channels have the best accuracy. Reanalysis SICs indicate almost identical patterns as their remote sensing inputs. The assessment shows that the Bremen (+1.06%) and NSIDC (+0.99%) SICs are higher than the median field, while the OSI‐401 (−6.65%) and OSI‐408 (−4.64%) have negative mean deviations. The mean error of MODIS‐derived SIC (−0.80%) is smaller than PM SICs. These small mean values belie wide distributions of values. The correlation coefficients of pairs of time series of Low sea‐Ice Concentration Index range from 0.37 to 0.96.
Strengthened ENSO Amplitude Contributed to Regime Shift in the Hadley Circulation
Authors: Feng Juan , Wang Shuang , Li Jianping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the variability in the Hadley circulation (HC) changes is crucial for understanding ocean‐atmosphere interactions. In this study, the variability in the boreal winter HC in the last 4 decades is explored using multiple reanalyzes and model simulations. The results show that regime shift occurred in the leading mode of HC variability. The primary mode of the recent HC is dominated by an equatorially symmetrical pattern, which was considered the second mode in previous studies. The regime shift in HC variability is mainly due to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which explains both the spatiotemporal variation and formation of HC variability. Moreover, the abilities of the models to reproduce HC variability is subject to their ability to simulate ENSO variability, suggesting that the ENSO has become a more important modulator of the HC variability in recent decades, and additional research is warranted to evaluate future climate changes and potential effects on the HC.
Assessing Hydrology, Biogeochemistry, and Organic Micropollutants in an Urban Stream‐Aquifer System: An Interdisciplinary Data Set
Authors: Popp Andrea L. , Weatherl Robin , Moeck Christian , Hollender Juliane , Schirmer Mario 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrban expansion leads to increasing water pollution, impacting both human health and ecosystems. This decline in water quality often stems from insufficient wastewater treatment, along with runoff from both urban and agricultural areas. Water quality degradation challenges our efforts for sustainable water management and hinders progress toward the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG6. Within aquatic environments, the hyporheic zone—the subsurface area where surface water and groundwater mix—plays a crucial role in facilitating pollutant turnover and overall aquatic health. Mixing between surface water and groundwater generates diverse microhabitats in the streambed with varying levels of oxygen, temperature, and chemical composition, which in turn allows diverse microbial communities to strive. The complexity of exchange flows within the hyporheic zone and associated turnover processes of pollutants and nutrients can only be assessed with detailed, cross‐disciplinary data sets including data about hydrology, climatology, biogeochemistry, and the subsurface composition. However, integrated data sets of this kind are seldom available. As a result, the drivers behind pollutant dynamics in stream‐aquifer systems are still not fully understood. Addressing this knowledge deficit, we present a comprehensive unique data set from an urban stream‐aquifer system in Switzerland spanning over 6 months. Incorporating hydrometric, tracer, nutrient, microbial and organic micropollutant data, our data set can help to shed light on the intricate mechanisms governing hyporheic exchange flows, as well as nutrient and organic micropollutant cycling in urban environments.