bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Microalgae‐Based Biosystem to Enhance Irreversible Electroporation Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Hua Shiyuan , Zhou Jiayu , Zeng Tangye , Chen Jianke , Su Lijian , Jiang Angfeng , Zhou Min , Tang Zhe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel local tumor ablation technique that can potentially stimulate immune responses. However, IRE alone cannot effectively activate the immune system or prevent distant metastases. Therefore, this study utilized the biocompatibility of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and polydopamine (PDA) adhesive properties to encapsulate a PD‐1 inhibitor (PI). The PDA coating protects the drug from degradation by stomach acid and enhances its intestinal absorption. This carrier demonstrates excellent in vivo drug release control and biodistribution, significantly increasing the oral bioavailability of PI. Combining IRE with this natural carrier significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy, which increases the local drug concentration and activates the immune system. This system demonstrates significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against local tumors compared with PI or IRE alone and significantly reduces PI‐associated side effects. A convenient oral delivery system is developed using this readily available natural micro‐carrier that not only improves the therapeutic effect of IRE but also mitigates its adverse effects, indicating significant potential for clinical applications. This discovery offers a new strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Plant Diversity Reduces the Risk of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Agroecosystems
Authors: Li Shu , Zhou Xing , Liu Liangliang , Su Zhe , Zhao Jun , Zhang Jinbo , Cai Zucong , Peñuelas Josep , Huang Xinqi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite advances in dispersal mechanisms and risk assessment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), how plants influence ARG contamination in agricultural soils remains underexplored. Here, the impacts of plant species and diversity on ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in three agricultural soils are comprehensively investigated in a pot experiment. The results indicate that increased plant diversity reduces ARGs and MGEs abundance by 19.2%–51.2%, whereas plant species exhibit inconsistent and soil‐dependent effects. Potential bacterial hosts harboring abundant ARGs have greater relative abundance than nonhosts, and both their richness and cumulative relative abundance are reduced by plant diversity. Notably, hosts inhibited by plant diversity present a greater relative abundance than the other hosts. The enriched compounds in root exudates due to plant diversity play a more important role in the metabolic network and contribute to rebalancing of the abundance of potential hosts and nonhosts. An independent test using pure organics reveals that higher resource diversity, resulting from increased plant diversity, reduces the relative abundance and mobility of abundant and high‐risk ARGs. This study highlights the resource‐mediated mitigation of the risks posed by ARG contamination and indicates that ensuring plant and resource diversity is a promising strategy for controlling ARGs in agroecosystems.
Chromoanagenesis Is Frequently Associated With Highly Complex Karyotypes, Extensive Clonal Heterogeneity, and Treatment Refractoriness in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wei Qing , Hu Shimin , Loghavi Sanam , Toruner Gokce A. , Ravandi‐Kashani Farhad , Tang Zhenya , Li Shaoying , Xu Jie , Daver Naval , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Tang Guilin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTChromoanagenesis (CAG) encompasses a spectrum of catastrophic genomic events, including chromothripsis, chromoanasynthesis, and chromoplexy. We studied CAG in 410 patients with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 292 newly diagnosed (ND), and 118 refractory/relapsed, using optical genome mapping. CAG was identified by the presence of clusters (with 10 or more breakpoints) of structural abnormalities and/or segmental copy number alterations within one or more chromosomal regions. CAG was detected in 65 (16%) patients. Compared with patients without CAG, those with CAG showed significantly (p < 0.0001) higher frequencies of highly complex karyotype (92% vs. 11%), monosomal karyotype (88% vs. 12%), extensive clonal heterogeneity (75% vs. 7%), gene amplification (49% vs. 1%), and TP53 deletion/mutation (92% vs. 9%). Overall, CAG was detected in about two‐thirds of AML patients who exhibited the abovementioned high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities/karyotype. Among the 42 patients with ND AML and CAG, 36 received treatments and follow‐ups, and 28 (78%) had no or only partial response to therapy. Among patients with ND AML, those with CAG had a shorter overall survival than those without CAG (median survival: 5 vs. 14 months, p < 0.0001). However, in multivariate analysis, CAG did not appear to be an independent risk factor for survival. These results indicate that CAG is frequently associated with high‐risk chromosomal alterations and genomic instability in AML and may contribute to treatment refractoriness and inferior survival in this subset of AML patients.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl tert‐Alcohols and Amines via Organocatalyst‐Mediated Aldol and Mannich Reactions
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Odaira Hinata , Tomikawa Masashi , Mori Naoki , Taniguchi Tohru , Monde Kenji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe asymmetric aldol reaction of ethyl trifluoropyruvate with aldehydes was developed using diarylprolinol as a catalyst, affording α‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary alcohols with high enantioselectivity. Similarly, the asymmetric Mannich reaction of aldehydes with an imine derived from ethyl trifluoropyruvate was developed using diphenylprolinol silyl ether in combination with an acid, yielding α‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary amines. The absolute and relative configurations of the products were determined by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD).
Lobaric acid suppresses the stemness potential of colorectal cancer cells through mTOR/AKT
Authors: Pulat Sultan , Paguiri Jaycee Augusto Gumiran , Gamage Chathurika D. B. , Varlı Mücahit , Zhou Rui , Park So‐Yeon , Hur Jae‐Seoun , Kim Hangun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStereocaulon alpinum has been found to have potential pharmaceutical properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as usnic acid, atranorin, and lobaric acid (LA) which have anticancer activity. On the other hand, the effect of LA on the stemness potential of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains unexplored, and has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the inhibitory activity of LA from Stereocaulon alpinum against the stemness potential of CRC cells and investigated the possible underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that LA did not inhibit the cell viability of CSC221 and DLD1. In addition, LA significantly decreased the spheroid formation of CSC221 and DLD1. Moreover, LA treatment suppressed cancer stem cell (CSC) markers; aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), B‐cell‐specific Moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1 (BMI1), musashi1 (MSI1), and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), along with the sonic hedgehog (Shh) and mTOR/AKT pathways that contribute significantly to maintaining the stemness of CRC cells. Therefore, LA may be a new therapeutic approach for reducing the stemness of CRC cells.
Enhancement of the photoelectrochemical performance of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode by building a W:BiVO4/Mo:BiVO4 Homojunction
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Jeong Seung Hyeon , Hong Aram , Pan Zhenhua , Katayama Kenji , Sohn Woon Yong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe fabricated a highly efficient bismuth vanadate (BiVO4)‐based photoanode by constructing a W:BiVO4/Mo:BiVO4 homojunction configuration. It was confirmed that, in the case of Type‐II junction, the photocurrent density was drastically enhanced and the onset potential was cathodically shifted. The origins of the enhanced photo‐electrochemical performance could be attributed to the improvement of the charge separation efficiency, which resulted from both the built‐in electric field and Fermi level unpinning, achieved by the homojunction and Mo doping, respectively.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Neuropharmacological Potential of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Acanthus ebracteatus (Vahl.) Using Experimental and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Aktaruzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Tarikul , Rakib Md. Asaduzzaman , Sikdar Bratati , Rehman Saira , Rahman Md. Sojiur , Hasan Md. Touhid , Albadrani Ghadeer M. , Al‐Ghadi Muath Q. , Kamel Mohamed , Kurdi Lina. A. F. , Alamoudi Mariam K. , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. , Rayhan Rifat , Sarker Md. Shahin , Fazal Nadeem , Raihan Md. Obayed 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant and neuropharmacological potentials of the methanol leaf extract of Acanthus ebracteatus (MAEL) through experimental and in silico methods. The phytochemical screening (PS) and GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) identified 28 phytochemicals with different classes in nature in MAEL. The MAEL revealed better antioxidant activity through various in vitro antioxidant assays. Additionally, in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), a dose‐dependent reduction in immobility time was observed indicating antidepressant activity. In the elevated plus maze test (EPM), MAEL led to increased time spent and more entries in the open arms. At the same time, the hole board test (HBT) demonstrated an increase in head dipping compared to the control, both indicating anxiolytic activity. Moreover, a dose‐dependent reduction in locomotor activities was observed in both the open field test (OFT) and hole cross test (HCT). Molecular docking showed better binding affinities of two compounds, CID‐518982 and CID‐236641. ADME/T analysis revealed good drug likeliness with no toxicity. Finally, the simulation demonstrated better structural stability with no significant fluctuations of the compounds with the selected receptors. In this study, compounds CID‐518982 and CID‐236641 might serve as drug candidates for treating anxiety and depression.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Carbon Monoxide with Magnesium Alkyl Compounds
Authors: Wang Mengwei , Cai Yanping , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Maron Laurent , Xu Xin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch on CO activation and homologation is pivotal for promoting sustainable chemistry and the construction of Cn molecular blocks. This work reports the nickel‐catalyzed reduction of CO by magnesium alkyl compounds utilizing a bimetallic Mg/Ni synergistic strategy. The exposure of β‐diketiminato ligand‐supported magnesium monoalkyl compounds LMgR (L=[(DippNCMe)2CH]−, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; R=nBu, CH3, C5H9) to 1 bar of CO in the presence of 10 mol % Ni(COD)2 (COD: 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) selectively afforded the CO single‐insertion product [LMg(CHO)C5H8], the dimerization product [(LMg)2(μ‐C2O2)(CH3)2], and the linear trimerization product [(LMg)2(μ‐C3O3)(nBu)2], respectively, depending on the R group. In addition, transition metal‐stabilized carbene species resulted from CO activation were successfully isolated through stoichiometric control experiments. The profiles of CO trimerization and dimerization were further elucidated by density functional theory calculations, which confirmed the crucial roles of Mg/Ni cooperation and carbene species in the current reaction.
The Neurodiversity Framework in Medicine: On the Spectrum
Authors: Miranda‐Ojeda Raul , Wickramasinghe Anuksha , Ntolkeras Georgios , Castanho Isabel , Yassin Walid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe term “neurodiversity” refers to the natural heterogeneity in human neurological functioning, which includes neurodevelopmental differences and other mental health conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder [ASD], attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], dyslexia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression). This new viewpoint has significant consequences for the future of medicine, specifically in psychiatry, neurology, and neurodevelopmental medicine, as it undermines established notions of these conditions as disorders/diseases that may be healed or corrected. The neurodiversity approach, on the other hand, acknowledges these divergences as natural variations, calling for tailored support and interventions that accommodate individual needs. Neurodiversity could impact current medical perspectives by supporting a shift from pathology to identity. Rather than focusing on the difficulties associated with a specific ailment, the neurodiversity approach stresses the strengths and distinct perspectives that come with neurodivergent identities. This shift has significant consequences for research and therapy by fostering the development of innovative treatments aimed at increasing quality of life and improving functional results. This new perspective advocates including neurodivergent people in all sectors of society, including research, clinical practice, and policymaking, by recognizing, accepting, and integrating natural variances in brain functioning. In this article, we review the development of the neurodiversity movement and propose “The Neurodiversity Framework in Medicine,” which challenges traditional views by recognizing neurological differences as natural variations, advocating for inclusive, person‐centered approaches in healthcare.
Anode‐Free Design with Pelletized Aluminium Current Collector Enables High‐Energy‐Density Sodium All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Liao Xingshu , Liu Dan , Liu Jinping 
Published: January 2025

A commentary on an anode‐free cell design with electrochemically stable sodium borohydride solid electrolyte and pelletized aluminium current collector for sodium all‐solid‐state batteries is presented. First, the viable strategies for implementing anode‐free configuration utilizing solid‐state electrolytes are briefly reviewed. Then, the remarkable work of Meng et al. on designing an anode‐free sodium all‐solid‐state battery is elucidated. Finally, the significance of Meng's work is discussed.
Wavelet‐Based Stochastic Model for the Generation of Fully Nonstationary Bidirectional Seismic Accelerograms
Authors: Yanni Hera , Fragiadakis Michalis , Mitseas Ioannis P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA new stochastic methodology is proposed for the generation of bidirectional horizontal components of artificial, fully nonstationary, site‐ and spectrum‐compatible seismic accelerograms through a nonseparable process. The model operates in the time‐frequency domain and combines spectral representation techniques with signal processing tools. The basis of the methodology involves the generation of spectrum‐compatible stationary artificial accelerogram signals whose nonstationarity is then modeled with a time‐frequency modulating function that is based on a seed ground motion record. At the core of the proposed methodology lies the use of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Specifically, the CWT method is used to perform time‐frequency analysis and to define the nonstationary component. The proposed methodology provides any required number of seismic accelerograms whose temporal and spectral modulation is consistent with the characteristics of the site of interest. Furthermore, the model is extended to the case of pairs of bidirectional horizontal components. This is accomplished by probabilistically generating two orthogonal spectra whose geometric mean spectrum is compatible with a target spectrum. This procedure also takes into account the correlation structure of spectral acceleration pairs in orthogonal directions at different periods based on empirical models. The bidirectional components are then generated with the proposed site and spectrum‐based methodology. An online tool that implements the proposed methodology is freely provided.
Knowledge and Awareness of Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis Among Men in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Badru Oluwaseun , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Adeagbo Oluwafemi Atanda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAbout 39.9 million people were living with HIV as of 2023, and HIV is more prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in HIV prevention. Despite the efficacy of PrEP, many persons, including men, do not have adequate knowledge and awareness of PrEP, and reviews on knowledge and awareness among men are scarce. This review aims to assess and synthesize the knowledge and awareness of PrEP among persons assigned as males at birth in sub‐Saharan Africa.Methods and AnalysisThe proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR): Checklist and Explanation. The following information sources will be searched to retrieve relevant studies for this review: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Google Scholar, The Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations (UCTD) and SA ePublications via SABINET Online, WorldCat Dissertations and Theses via OCLC, ResearchGate, and American Doctoral Dissertations via EBSCOhost. All study designs, except existing reviews, will be included. All screenings (abstract screening and full‐text screening) and data extraction will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Quantitative findings will be presented with frequency and percentages, while qualitative thematic analysis will be used to analyze qualitative findings.ConclusionThis study will map out studies on knowledge and awareness of PrEP among men in sub‐Saharan Africa. The results of this review will give insights into what men in sub‐Saharan Africa know about PrEP, which can inform future interventions.
A Display Screen With Controlled Electroluminescence
Authors: Graff Herman , Martel Richard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper describes a two‐electrode electroluminescent display screen which possesses the special property of controlled persistence. The simple multilayered structure of the screen is compared with the complicated structure of the prior art. The electro‐optical performance characteristics of a typical screen are given. In general, the screen's light output is excited by incident ultraviolet radiation and is quenched by infrared energy. The persistence of the electroluminescent light output is a function of such parameters as material choice and intensity and background radiation level, and applied voltage and frequency. The latter two parameters are used to control the persistence of any given screen. Persistence times ranging from seconds to more than an hour are achieved. Screens are provided with characteristics to accept inputs from an electromechanically controlled light source or from an optic fiber‐faced CRT.
IBM Graphic Display System
Authors: Houldin Russell J. 
Published: January 2025

Computer displays with graphic capabilities have added a new dimension to data processing by making information more accessible and more easily assimilated. Summaries, graphs and charts can be quickly retrieved and viewed on many screens simultaneously. Several of the more advanced displays are beginning to link the creativity of man and the calculating power of the computer for design applications.The IBM Graphic Displays are among such versatile systems extending the data processing power of IBM System/360 to handle graphic and design information in scientific, engineering and management applications.Computer‐programmed line drawings and alphanumerics are stored in a local display buffer and displayed on a 21‐inch CRT. Alphanumeric information can be originated or modified off‐line from the computer by a keyboard. Applica. tion‐oriented instructions can be sent to the computer by an overlay‐coded Programmed Function Keyboard. A light pen gives the operator detection, tracking and sketching capabilities.The display systems are available in models for single or multiple console installations. Multiple installations use control units, each attaching up to four display consoles.
Lycopene Ameliorates Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats by Inhibiting Ovarian Ferroptosis Through Activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Wang Kexin , Wang Lin , Wu Chengyong , Chen Hongxiang , Cai Donghui , Lu Linglan , Liu Xuli , Jiao Zhen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLycopene (LYC) is an extremely powerful antioxidant with the potential to treat a range of diseases and to inhibit ferroptosis. This research aims to elucidate how LYC impacts polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and the action mechanisms. A PCOS rat model was constructed by injecting DHEA. Different doses of LYC were injected intraperitoneally in PCOS rats, the estrous cycle was recorded. The histopathological damage of ovary in PCOS rats was observed by HE staining, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were examined by ELISA kits. Transmission electron microscopy, prussian blue staining, biochemical kits to determine ferroptosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot to assess the levels of ferroptosis‐related and AMPK/Nrf2 pathway‐related proteins to explore whether LYC affects ferroptosis in PCOS through this pathway. PCOS rats had significantly higher body weights, ovarian weights and ovarian indices, and disorganized estrous cycles, which were dose‐dependently ameliorated by LYC. In addition, LYC significantly ameliorated the histopathological damage of ovary in PCOS rats and restored the normal secretion of T, E2, LH, and FSH. LYC attenuates iron deposition in PCOS ovarian tissues, reduces iron and ROS levels, and inhibits ferroptosis. Notably, LYC activated the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway, and AMPK inhibitor intervention attenuated the therapeutic effect of LYC in PCOS rats, suggesting that LYC acts through the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. LYC attenuates estrous cycle disruption, ameliorates pathological impairments, and inhibits ferroptosis in PCOS rats by modulating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway.
Private Information in Mergers and Acquisitions: Non‐Deal Roadshows, Value Creation, and Financing Choices
Authors: Howell Dylan A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the relationship between non‐deal roadshows (NDRs), the medium of exchange used in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and the value created by these significant corporate events. NDRs can reduce asymmetric information, which is a significant driver of merger announcement returns, the choice of merger financing, and the acquisition bid premium. I show that NDR activity is important in explaining the cross‐sectional variation of the excess returns around M&As and the acquisition bid premium. NDRs are also significant to understanding the medium of exchange, and their relevance is more pronounced when the firms involved have higher levels of asymmetric information and uncertainty. My findings suggest that NDRs convey relevant information about acquiring and target firms in M&A transactions. This paper identifies and measures distinct firm‐specific outcomes of NDR activity that had yet to be studied.
Mechanism of the Non‐Kasha Fluorescence in Pyrene
Authors: Majumdar Sourav , Grotjahn Robin , Rajabi Ahmadreza , Feng Bibo , Mohanam Luke Nambi , Phun Gabriel S. , Lutfi Nicolas , Khan Mohammad , Rappoport Dmitrij , Furche Filipp 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe high‐energy shoulder in the gas‐phase fluorescence emission spectrum of pyrene is a well‐known example of non‐Kasha emission. We comparatively assess two approaches, vibronic perturbation theory and nonadiabatic dynamics, in their ability to predict and explain the gas‐phase fluorescence spectrum of pyrene. While both methods qualitatively capture the non‐Kasha emission, they differ in their computational requirements, accuracy, and physical interpretation. Vibronic perturbation theory and nonadiabatic dynamics are complementary and can be combined in a two‐step approach to non‐Kasha fluorescence.