bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of insulin glargine, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in veterans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shen Jincheng , Sarwal Amara , Singh Ravinder , Hartsell Sydney E. , Wei Guo , Nevers McKenna , Christensen Jesse C. , Takyi Augustine , Katkam Niharika , Derington Catherine G. , Deshmukh Vikrant G. , Boucher Robert E. , Drakos Stavros G. , Greene Tom , Beddhu Srinivasan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsTo compare the risk of all‐cause death and cardiovascular events in new users of insulin glargine, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), particularly in subgroups defined by baseline haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Materials and MethodsWe conducted an active comparator, new user design study in a national cohort of 161 405 veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin and initiated insulin glargine (n = 54 375), GLP‐1RA (n = 22 145) or SGLT2i (n = 84 885) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. Patients were followed until 31 March 2023. Inverse probability weighted Cox regression models were used for treatment comparisons on all‐cause deaths and cardiovascular events in the entire cohort and above subgroups.ResultsThere were 20 788 cardiovascular events/414 414 person‐years and 15 268 all‐cause deaths/446 458 person‐years. Insulin glargine had a higher hazard of all‐cause death compared to GLP‐1RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–1.67) or SGLT2i (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.48–1.61) in the entire cohort and across subgroups, especially in those with HbA1C levels <9.0%. Results were similar for secondary outcomes. Compared to GLP‐1RA, SGLT2i had similar risk of all‐cause death (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.10) but higher hazard of cardiovascular events (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19). Across subgroups, GLP‐1RA and SGLT2i had generally similar effects, with SGLT2i showing a slightly higher risk in some cases.ConclusionsInsulin glargine might be deleterious particularly in those with HbA1C <9.0%. There was no clear evidence for prioritization of SGLT2i versus GLP‐1RA across subgroups.
Clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of first‐line early combination of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: A modelling study
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Dung , Chen Hsuan‐Ming , Lin Hung‐Wei , Ou Huang‐Tz , Wang Chih‐Yuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsEarly dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and metformin (DPP4i‐Met) combination has been shown to extend the time to treatment failure and provide better glycaemic control for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients; however, the long‐term clinical and economic outcomes of early DPP4i‐Met combination remain unknown. We seek to assess the comparative long‐term clinical and cost‐effectiveness of DPP4i‐Met versus Met for treatment‐naïve T2D patients with inadequately controlled HbA1c (i.e., ≥8.5%).MethodsThe IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model was used to simulate the quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthcare costs over a lifetime from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Administration's perspective, with both QALYs and costs discounted at 3% annually. Model inputs were taken from the analyses of Taiwanese or Asian populations. Primary outcomes included the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one case of a clinical event and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Costs are presented in 2023 US dollars.ResultsOver 40 years of projection, Met‐DPP4i‐treated patients had fewer complications than those using Met alone (e.g., lowering the incidence of stroke by 2.21% [2.68, 1.74]). The NNT using DPP4i‐Met versus Met alone to prevent one case of stroke, microalbuminuria, neuropathy and background retinopathy was 45, 135, 65 and 182, respectively. Such long‐term benefits in reducing costly complications offset the higher treatment cost of DDP4i‐Met versus Met ($5796 vs. $5484/person). As a result, using DPP4i‐Met versus Met yielded 0.086 QALYs gained and savings of $489 for overall treatment‐naïve T2D patients and 0.064 QALYs gained and savings of $714 for young‐onset T2D patients.ConclusionsEarly DPP4i‐Met provides long‐term clinical and economic benefits compared to Met alone for newly diagnosed T2D patients, including those with young‐onset T2D.
Factors and Considerations in No‐Treatment Decisions in Patients With Key Hematological Malignancies: A Nationwide, Population‐Based Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Zijlstra Myrte , Snijders Rolf A. H. , de Boer Fransien , Chamuleau Martine E. D. , Fransen Heidi P. , Oerlemans Simone , van der Padt‐Pruijsten Annemieke , Posthuma Eduardus F. M. , Visser Otto , Zweegman Sonja , Raijmakers Natasja J. H. , Dinmohamed Avinash G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTComprehensive insights are lacking into why patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) receive no cancer‐directed treatment. We evaluated socio‐demographic and cancer‐related characteristics, decision‐making rationales, and overall survival in patients with three common HMs―diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML)―who do not receive cancer‐directed treatment, using the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. A total of 26 945 patients diagnosed with DLBCL (47%), symptomatic MM (29%), or AML (25%) between 2014 and 2021 were included. About 16% of the patients did not receive cancer‐directed treatment, ranging from 26% in AML to 15% in DLBCL and 10% in MM. The primary reason for not receiving cancer‐directed treatment in all three HMs was related to physical condition. The second main reason was patient/family choice in DLBCL and MM, whereas in AML it was rapid disease progression. In female patients, patient/family choice was a more prevalent reason for not receiving cancer‐directed treatment than in male patients. Patients with a lower socio‐economic position more often did not receive cancer‐directed treatment. Median OS varied by reason for not receiving cancer‐directed treatment, with the shortest OS in patients experiencing rapid disease progression or death before treatment initiation (0·4 to 0·6 months).
Value Creation for Multiple Stakeholders in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Sarturi Greici , Aragão Paula Balardin Ribeiro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA comprehensive understanding of value creation in higher education institutions (HEIs) and the organisational practices that drive this value is essential for strategic management. Grounded in stakeholder theory, this study adopts Harrison and Wicks' model to examine the perceptions of five stakeholder groups regarding key drivers of value. The findings extend the original model—focused on goods and services, organisational justice, affiliation and opportunity costs—by introducing reputation and inter‐stakeholder relationships as complementary dimensions shaping stakeholder perceptions of value. Additionally, the study identifies stakeholder engagement as a critical outcome of the value creation process. This research advances stakeholder theory by applying and expanding it within the context of public HEIs, providing a robust framework for measuring and managing value across diverse stakeholder groups. It also offers practical insights for HEI managers to align institutional strategies with stakeholder expectations, fostering synergy, engagement and improved institutional performance.
15‐Month‐Olds’ Understanding of Imitation in Social and Instrumental Contexts
Authors: Yasuda Shannon , Li Wenjie , Martinez Deisy , Lake Brenden M. , Dillon Moira R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFrom early in development, humans use imitation to express social engagement, to understand social affiliations, and to learn from others. Nevertheless, the social and instrumental goals that drive imitation in everyday and pedagogical contexts are highly intertwined. What cues might infants use to infer that a social goal is driving imitation? Here we use minimal and tightly controlled visual displays to evaluate 15‐month‐olds’ attribution of social goals to imitation. In particular, we ask whether they see the very same simple, imitative actions shared between two agents as social or nonsocial when those actions occur in the absence or presence of intentional cues such as obstacles, object goals, and efficient, causally effective action. Our results suggest that infants' attributing social value to imitation only in the absence of such intentional cues may be a signature of humans' early understanding of imitation. We propose, moreover, that a systematic evaluation of a set of simple scenarios that probe candidate principles of early knowledge about social and instrumental actions and goals is possible and promises to inform our understanding of the foundational knowledge on which human social learning is built, as well as to aid the building of human‐like artificial intelligence.
Exploring the Acceptability of a Peer‐Delivered Mental Health Intervention to Support Young Adults With Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Schwartz Ariel , Davern Nikola , Herer Alix , Peace‐Urquilla Micah , Corey Jesse , Muthuramalingam Dheva , Vallabhaneni Neha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundYoung adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities lack access to mental health supports. Peer‐delivered services may fill this gap. We adapted a theory‐driven and evidence‐based peer mentoring intervention for virtual‐delivery and investigated its acceptability and participants' preliminary response.MethodsTwelve young adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities participated in the 16‐week intervention and completed outcome measures at pre‐mentoring, post‐mentoring and 1‐month follow‐up. To evaluate acceptability, participants completed interviews and a survey. Preliminary response was measured with the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children and PROMIS short forms (Self‐efficacy for Managing Emotions, Anxiety, and Physical Stress).ResultsParticipants felt emotionally supported, increased self‐understanding, and learned to use coping strategies. Participants reported improvements in alexithymia, self‐efficacy for managing emotions and anxiety; no changes were observed for physical stress symptoms.ConclusionsParticipants were satisfied with peer mentoring and data suggest it may have promise to support development of skills that support mental health outcomes.
Reverse Torque and Wear of Internal Connections of Metal‐Based Abutments Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Queiroz Daher Antonio , Freitas Mariana Itaborai Moreira , Ockey Kaden Thomas , Lee Damian Jaewhan , Zheng Fengyuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvaluate the reverse torque values and wear of internal connections caused by metal‐based zirconia abutments under cyclic loading.Material and MethodsThirty implants were divided into three groups (n = 10), based on connection systems: Interference‐fit cone‐screw (Cortical Master Flash MI Fit—MTA and Cortical Master Flash MI RP—MTB), and Internal hexagon (Cortical Titanium Master Connect AR—IH). Metal‐based zirconia abutments were tightened into the implant, and zirconia crowns were bonded using resin cement. All specimens underwent cyclic loading at 300 N and 9 Hz for 1,000,000 cycles. Reverse torques were assessed postloading, and wear was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis employed one‐way ANOVA for reverse torque and wear values, with significant differences assessed via the Tukey test (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences in reverse torque values were found among groups: MTA (24.9 N), MTB (24.1 N), and IH (14.4 N). The IH group showed higher mean wear values on the tension side (121.0) and compression side (112.6), with a wear difference of 8.4.ConclusionThe interference‐fit cone‐screw abutments demonstrated significantly reduced torque loss and morphology after cyclic loading, reflecting enhanced performance.Clinical SignificanceAlthough the stability of the metal base zirconia abutments to the implants was accurate, clinicians should be cautious about torque loss and more wear when using internal hexagon connections.
A Risk Prediction Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the General Population Without Traditional Risk Factors for Liver Disease
Authors: Song Byeong Geun , Park GoEun , Goh Myung Ji , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Sinn Dong Hyun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimExisting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models for the general population without traditional risk factors for chronic liver disease are limited. This study aimed to develop an HCC prediction model for individuals lacking these traditional risk factors.MethodsThe total of 138 452 adult participants without chronic viral hepatitis or significant alcohol intake who underwent regular health checkup at a tertiary hospital in South Korea were followed up for the development of HCC. Risk factors for HCC development were analyzed using Cox regression analysis, and prediction model was developed using the risk factors.ResultsSignificant predictors of HCC development included older age, male sex, higher body mass index, presence of diabetes mellitus, and levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and platelet count. A new HCC prediction model using these variables was developed. Harrell's concordance index and Heagerty's integrated area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of the model were 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–0.91) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.91), respectively. The 5‐ and 10‐year AUROC were 0.89 (95% CI 0.88–0.89) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.87–0.88), respectively. This model significantly outperformed the FIB‐4 scoring model in predicting HCC and effectively stratified individuals into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups with significantly different cumulative incidences of HCC.ConclusionsThe new model, based on clinical parameters, provides a valuable tool for clinicians to stratify HCC risk in the general population without risk factors for chronic liver disease.
Prevalence and Determinants of Sarcopenia Among Older Adults in India: Insights From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India
Authors: Rao Abhijith R. , Bhagwasia Manjusha , Singh Vishwajeet , Bajpai Swati , Singhal Sunny , Chatterjee Prasun , Chakrawarty Avinash , Dey Sharmishtha , Dey Aparajit Ballav 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSarcopenia, characterized by declining muscle mass and function, is a growing concern among India's aging population. This study investigates sarcopenia's prevalence and determinants using the nationally representative LASI dataset.MethodsThis analysis included 26,780 community‐dwelling adults aged 60 and above, with informed consent obtained from all participants. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Demographic, socioeconomic, health, and geriatric factors, including age, sex, living arrangements, economic status, comorbidities, and geriatric syndromes, were examined. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze associations with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, and results were expressed as relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 43.6% (n = 11,665), and 19.4% (n = 5202) had severe sarcopenia. Sociodemographic factors significantly associated with sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia included being widowed (RRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.37 for sarcopenia; RRR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.64–2.03 for severe sarcopenia) or divorced (RRR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.12–2.54 for severe sarcopenia). Additionally, a higher BMI and higher education level were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. Among comorbidities, joint and bone diseases were linked to both sarcopenia (RRR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.35) and severe sarcopenia (RRR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.23–1.58), while hypertension (RRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.1–1.36), chronic lung disease (RRR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02–1.44), and cerebrovascular accident (RRR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.09–2.08) were specifically associated with severe sarcopenia. Geriatric syndromes such as tooth loss, impaired vision and hearing, history of falls, and depression were significantly associated with increased risk of sarcopenia.ConclusionThis study reveals significant associations between sarcopenia and various sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and geriatric syndromes in older adults in India, suggesting potential areas for targeted intervention. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and clarify the causal relationships of the observed associations.
Inter‐Laboratory Validation of Nodal/Paranodal Antibody Testing
Authors: Lleixà Cinta , Titulaer Maarten , Rohrbacher Sophia , Mgbachi Victor , Halstead Susan , Fehmi Janev , Pascual‐Goñi Elba , Zhu Louisa , Appeltshauser Luise , Franken Suzanne , Paunovic Manuela , Waters Patrick , Willison Hugh , Sommer Claudia , Querol Luis , Huizinga Ruth , Doppler Kathrin , Rinaldi Simon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsReliable detection of antibodies against nodal targets is vital for the diagnosis of autoimmune nodopathies. The performance characteristics of recently developed in‐house assays are unknown. We compared testing at four centres.MethodsEach submitted 29–40 serum samples to a coordinating centre from one of three groups: (1) autoimmune nodopathy patients, with positive nodal/paranodal antibodies; (2) seronegative patients with other inflammatory neuropathies, and (3) healthy individuals or those with other neurological diseases. The coordinating centre recoded all samples and returned 160 identical aliquots to each testing centre for blinded testing. Once data from all centres had been received by the coordinating centre, unblinded results were returned for analysis. Sensitivity was defined by the proportion of group 1 samples returned as positive. Accuracy was defined as 0.075(sensitivity) + 0.925(specificity).ResultsCentres performed various combinations of ELISA, cell‐based (CBAs) and teased‐nerve fibre assays. All labs produced highly accurate results (96%–100%) and concordance for the overall result across at least 3 or all 4 test centres was observed for 98% and 89% of the samples respectively. However, 10/30 individual assays (6/14 CBAs and 4/16 ELISAs) were less than 90% sensitive. Only 3 assays had more than 1 false positive result (2 ELISAs and 1 CBA). Combining different assay modalities to produce an overall result did not improve accuracy. Inter‐laboratory consistency in the determination of antibody subclasses was poor.InterpretationAlthough most samples were correctly categorised in all 4 centres, the use of a specific test modality or multiple tests did not guarantee accuracy. Early and repeated interlaboratory testing with sharing of samples is important to understand test performance and reproducibility, identify areas for improvement and maintain consistency. To aid this, we provide detailed methods for the best performing tests. Further standardisation of antibody subclass determination is required.
Catastrophe risk sharing among individuals, private insurance, and government
Authors: Jia Ruo , Lin Jieyu , Powers Michael R. , Wang Hanyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLimited research has been conducted on the optimal public–private risk‐sharing for catastrophe risks. This paper develops a theoretical framework to study the risk‐sharing decisions and interactions of three types of catastrophe‐market participants: a large number of individuals, a large number of private insurers in a competitive market, and a government that can choose between alternatives of re/insurance or ex post relief. Our analysis shows that the optimal government intervention varies depending on the correlation levels among individual losses. For moderately positive levels of loss correlation, it is optimal for the government to offer an ex post relief program to supplement private insurance. However, for higher levels of loss correlation, government reinsurance becomes optimal, although not to the extent of replacing private insurance if the government is less efficient than private firms. In sum, as catastrophe‐loss correlations increase, that is, as the risk becomes more catastrophic, more risk‐sharing tools and funding are needed to maximize social welfare.
Dental Care Use Among Children and Adolescents in Medicaid: Associations With State‐Level Medicaid Policy Factors and Provider Availability
Authors: Reynolds Julie C. , Comnick Cari , Heeren Tessa , Damiano Peter C. , Xie Xianjin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the relative strength of association of four state‐level factors—Medicaid reimbursement, Medicaid adult dental benefit (MADB) generosity, dentist Medicaid participation, and dentist supply—on individual‐level dental care use among children and adolescents in Medicaid.MethodsThis national cross‐sectional study used 2018–2019 National Survey of Children's Health data to estimate dental care utilization among children aged 1–17 enrolled in Medicaid. Subgroup analyses were conducted by child age group. A hierarchical regression approach was used; a series of logistic regression models assessed relative effect sizes among the four state‐level variables.ResultsAmong children aged 1–17, and the age 1–3 subgroup, dentist Medicaid participation was positively associated with dental care use. Among children aged 4–11, children in states with Emergency/No dental coverage for adults had greater odds of having a dental visit compared to children in states with Extensive dental coverage. Among adolescents aged 12–17, no state‐level factors were associated with dental utilization.ConclusionsThere was considerable variation by age group in the associations of state‐level factors on dental care use among children and adolescents in Medicaid. Dentist participation in Medicaid was associated with dental care use among very young children. State‐level policy levers have the potential to improve access to dental care for children enrolled in Medicaid, and are critical to achieve improvement toward oral health equity for children.