bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of protection and temperature variation on temporal stability in a marine reserve network
Authors: Srednick Griffin , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of ecosystem stability has been a key focus of modern ecology as the impacts of the Anthropocene become more prevalent and extreme. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are tools used globally to promote biodiversity and mediate anthropogenic impacts. However, assessing the stability of natural ecosystems and responses to management actions is inherently challenging due to the complex dynamics of communities with many interdependent taxa. Using a 12‐year time series of subtidal community structure in an MPA network in the Channel Islands (United States), we estimated species interaction strength (competition and predation), prey species synchrony, and temporal stability in trophic networks, as well as temporal variation in sea surface temperature to explore the causal drivers of temporal stability at community and metacommunity scales. At the community scale, only trophic networks in MPAs at Santa Rosa Island showed greater temporal stability than reference sites, likely driven by reduced prey synchrony. Across islands, competition was sometimes greater and predation always greater in MPAs compared with reference sites. Increases in interaction strength resulted in lower temporal stability of trophic networks. Although MPAs reduced prey synchrony at the metacommunity scale, reductions were insufficient to stabilize trophic networks. In contrast, temporal variation in sea surface temperature had strong positive direct effects on stability at the regional scale and indirect effects at the local scale through reductions in species interaction strength. Although MPAs can be effective management strategies for protecting certain species or locations, our findings for this MPA network suggest that temperature variation has a stronger influence on metacommunity temporal stability by mediating species interactions and promoting a mosaic of spatiotemporal variation in community structure of trophic networks. By capturing the full spectrum of environmental variation in network planning, MPAs will have the greatest capacity to promote ecosystem stability in response to climate change.
Patch‐scale edge effects do not indicate landscape‐scale fragmentation effects
Authors: Fahrig Lenore 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNegative landscape‐scale fragmentation effects are often inferred from negative patch‐scale edge effects. I tested this cross‐scale extrapolation using two evaluations. First, I searched for studies that estimated the direction of both a patch‐scale edge effect and a landscape‐scale fragmentation effect. The directions were concordant and discordant in 55% and 45% of cases, respectively. Second, I extracted from the literature a sample of landscape‐scale fragmentation effects on individual species. Then, for each species I searched for studies from which I could calculate the slope of its patch‐scale edge effect. Species showing negative patch‐scale edge effects were nearly equally likely to show negative or positive landscape‐scale fragmentation effects, and likewise for species showing positive patch‐scale edge effects. The results mean that the efficacy of policies related to habitat fragmentation cannot be inferred from observed patch‐scale edge effects. Such policies require landscape‐scale evidence, comparing species' responses in landscapes with different levels of fragmentation.
Firm ESG reputation risk and debt choice
Authors: Newton David P. , Ongena Steven , Xie Ru , Zhao Binru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing a novel sample covering 3783 US public firms from 2007 to 2020, we examine how negative media coverage of firm‐level environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices affects a firm's debt choice. We find that firms with higher ESG reputation risk rely more on public bond than bank loan. The social and governance components, in particular, matter. Moreover, firms that receive more negative news coverage display a higher propensity to issue new bonds as opposed to securing new bank debt. Overall, our study presents empirical evidence on the relation between firm ESG reputation risk and debt financing.
Cardiac and hepatic side effects of fluoxetine in male and female adolescent rats
Authors: Babaaeyan Hajar , Sakhaie Nona , Sadegzadeh Farshid , Saadati Hakimeh , Niapour Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFluoxetine (FLX) is widely prescribed as an antidepressant medicine in the juvenile population.ObjectivesAlthough some adverse effects of FLX have been reported in adults, the present study aimed to investigate the side effects of FLX treatment during adolescence on the cardiac and hepatic systems.MethodsMale and female rats were gavaged with FLX (5 mg/kg/day) on postnatal days (PND) 21 to PND 60. Following treatment, blood samples were collected and hepatic enzymes were evaluated. The specimens of the liver and heart of animals were subjected to histopathological assessment.ResultsFluoxetine significantly raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in males, whereas the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level increased in both male and female animals. In the histopathological study, hepatic plates were more seriously affected, and the sinusoids were irregular in adolescent male rats. Degenerative changes were observed especially in the first and second hepatic zones of FLX‐treated male rats. Signs of inflammation and accumulation of lymphoid groups were frequently observed in the portal triad of the hepatic lobules. These alterations were more severe in male livers. Minimum or nearly normal changes were observed in female liver slides. In addition, the histological assessment indicated that treatment with FLX during adolescence also increased the heart's weight and the wall thickness of the right and left ventricles (hypertrophy) in male and especially female animals.ConclusionOur findings may provide new insights into the cardiac and hepatic adverse effects of FLX.
Disentangling the drivers of decadal body size decline in an insect population
Authors: Botsch Jamieson C. , Zaveri Aayush N. , Nell Lucas A. , McCormick Amanda R. , Book K. Riley , Phillips Joseph S. , Einarsson Árni , Ives Anthony R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhile climate warming is widely predicted to reduce body size of ectotherms, evidence for this trend is mixed. Body size depends not only on temperature but also on other factors, such as food quality and intraspecific competition. Because temperature trends or other long‐term environmental factors may affect population size and food sources, attributing trends in average body size to temperature requires the separation of potentially confounding effects. We evaluated trends in the body size of the midge Tanytarsus gracilentus and potential drivers (water temperature, population size, and food quality) between 1977 and 2015 at Lake Mývatn, Iceland. Although temperatures increased at Mývatn over this period, there was only a slight (non‐significant) decrease in midge adult body size, contrary to theoretical expectations. Using a state‐space model including multiple predictors, body size was negatively associated with both water temperature and midge population abundance, and it was positively associated with 13C enrichment of midges (an indicator of favorable food conditions). The magnitude of these effects were similar, such that simultaneous changes in temperature, abundance, and carbon stable isotopic signature could counteract each other in the long‐term body size trend. Our results illustrate how multiple factors, all of which could be influenced by global change, interact to affect average ectotherm body size.
Contextualising collective efficacy in virtual team research: The essential role of collaborative technologies in the virtual team efficacy conceptual framework
Authors: Hardin Andrew , Davison Robert M. , Schneider Christoph , Looney Clayton A. , Sarker Suprateek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOne factor receiving contemporary interest from virtual team researchers is collective‐level efficacy, that is, a team's shared belief in its collective abilities to work effectively. However, our understanding of this literature leads to two concerns. First, depending on traditional team‐focused collective‐level efficacy concepts conveys an indifferent view of technology that ignores decades of research explaining how virtual teams' reliance on collaborative technologies differentiates them from traditional teams. Second, the information systems literature has largely ignored the concept of collective‐level efficacy in virtual team research. That collective‐level efficacy is underexamined in IS research is disappointing, given the growing recognition (outside the IS literature) that it is crucial to virtual team success. This absence becomes even more concerning given that IS researchers developed the concept of virtual team efficacy (VTE) specifically for virtual team settings. Unlike collective‐level efficacy measures designed for traditional team settings, VTE incorporates technology into its conceptual definition and the operationalization of its measurement indicators. Thus, it is a stronger predictor of virtual team outcomes. To demonstrate its importance to IS research, we used a deductive theory‐driven approach to propose and empirically evaluate whether VTE indirectly acts on virtual team effectiveness through the critical concepts of trust and participants' perceptions of problems associated with the collaboration inhibitors of time difference, geographical separation, and cultural differences. This research contributes significantly to the literature by confirming VTE's relationship to important virtual team success factors and informing IS researchers about the appropriate choice of constructs when studying collective‐level efficacy in virtual team settings.
Beobachtungen zur Biologie und Ethologie von Pipa (Hemipipa) carvalhoi Mir. RiB. 1937. (Anura, Pipidae)1
Authors: Weygoldt Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFeeding, mating behaviour, communication, breeding biology, and development of Pipa carvalhoi are described. Like in other species of the genus Pipa, the eggs are laid onto the ♀ back during several turnovers, and this behaviour cau be observed even in the absence of ♂♂ Acoustic communication involves a mating call and a combat call. The biology and behaviour of Pipa carvalhoi are compared to that of other pipid frogs, and it is suggested that the specialized breeding biology of the genus Pipa evolved as an adaptation to the life in small ponds and ditches which are rich in nutrients but poor in oxygen.
Der Anwendungszeitraum als lernbare Größe1
Authors: Horter Manfred 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe possibility of learning time intervals was examined. 7 male BDE‐rats (70 days old at the beginning of the experiments) were trained (shock avoidance learning) in a modified test chamber to learn bar‐pressing only in distinguished time periods (LD 12: 12). In a second part of the experiment it was examined with 5 rats what effect an extension of the light phase has. The results show that there is a possibility of learning time intervals and of maintaining this behaviour under these specific conditions of training.
A critical catalogue of SEM‐EDS multispectral maps analysis methods and their application to hydrated cementitious materials
Authors: Georget Fabien , Schmatz Joyce , Wellmann Eva , Matschei Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany methods have been proposed to analyse SEM‐EDS hypermaps of hydrated cementitious materials but none can fit all purposes. In this presentation, we review existing methods for phase identification, stoichiometry quantification, and microstructure quantification in cementitious materials and related materials. We first discuss the unique contribution of SEM‐EDS with respect to the outstanding scientific challenges towards sustainable construction materials. We then compare the SEM‐EDS and image analysis techniques which contribute to answering these challenges. Convergence and divergence in current methods and workflows, and knowledge gaps are highlighted in terms of the specificities of the material (phase assemblage complexity, grain sizes, mixtures, etc.). The discussion is weighted by the required expert knowledge for the sample preparation, microscope operation, and data analysis. We conclude by discussing how microscopy and image analysis integrate into the overall experimental toolkit to investigate and improve cementitious materials.
Efficacy of a multitargeted, salicylic acid‐based dermocosmetic cream compared to benzoyl peroxide 5% in Acne vulgaris: Results from a randomized study
Authors: Dal Belo Susi Elaine , Kanoun‐Copy Leila , Lambert Christina , Cornillon Céline , Muller Benoit , Jouni Hussein , Moreau Magali , Palamarchuk Irina , Kerob Delphine , Aguilar Luc 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcne vulgaris (acne) is characterized by both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesions. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 5% is approved to treat acne but may cause skin irritation and/or contact allergy.ObjectivesTo compare the benefit in acne of a multitargeted dermocosmetic cream containing salicylic acid, lipohydroxy acid, niacinamide, 2‐oleamido‐1,3‐octadecanediol, piroctone olamine, zinc, Aqua posae filiformis, and thermal spring water (DC‐Eff) to BPO 5% gel.Materials and Methods150 Caucasian subjects (50% female) aged between 18 and 40 years, with mild to moderate acne according to the GEA (Global Evaluation of Acne) grading system were randomized into two parallel groups (DC‐Eff or BPO to be applied twice daily for 56 days). IGA (investigator global assessment), GEA, lesion count, clinical signs and symptoms, and subject assessment were evaluated at baseline, and after 28 and 56 days (D28 and D56) of treatment.ResultsThe responder analyses of the IGA and GEA scores showed that 62.2% and 47.3%, respectively, in the DC‐Eff, compared with 50.0% and 36.5%, respectively, in the BPO, had improved by at least one point at D56. Inflammatory, non‐inflammatory, and total lesion counts significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased with both products from baseline, with no between‐group difference. Subjects considered that their skin was smoother and that DC‐Eff was easy to apply. DC‐Eff was better tolerated than BPO.ConclusionsDC‐Eff applied twice daily is as beneficial as BPO in improving mild‐to‐moderate acne. DC‐Eff was better tolerated than BPO and highly appreciated.
Air‐sea carbon dioxide equilibrium: Will it be possible to use seaweeds for carbon removal offsets?
Authors: Hurd C. L. , Gattuso J.‐P. , Boyd P. W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo limit global warming below 2°C by 2100, we must drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions and additionally remove ~100–900 Gt CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide removal, CDR) to compensate for unavoidable emissions. Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) naturally grow in coastal regions worldwide where they are crucial for primary production and carbon cycling. They are being considered as a biological method for CDR and for use in carbon trading schemes as offsets. To use seaweeds in carbon trading schemes requires verification that seaweed photosynthesis that fixes CO2 into organic carbon results in CDR, along with the safe and secure storage of the carbon removed from the atmosphere for more than 100 years (sequestration). There is much ongoing research into the magnitude of seaweed carbon storage pools (e.g., as living biomass and as particulate and dissolved organic carbon in sediments and the deep ocean), but these pools do not equate to CDR unless the amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere as a result of seaweed primary production can be quantified and verified. The draw‐down of atmospheric CO2 into seawater is via air‐sea CO2 equilibrium, which operates on time scales of weeks to years depending upon the ecosystem considered. Here, we explain why quantifying air‐sea CO2 equilibrium and linking this process to seaweed carbon storage pools is the critical step needed to verify CDR by discrete seaweed beds and nearshore and open ocean aquaculture systems prior to their use in carbon trading.
Long‐term outcomes of atrophic/oligotrophic non‐unions in dogs and cats treated with autologous iliac corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation: 19 cases (2014‐2021)
Authors: Camilletti P. , d'Amato M. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the short‐ and long‐term outcomes and complications in dogs and cats undergoing surgical treatment for viable oligotrophic and nonviable atrophic non‐unions using circular external skeletal fixation and autologous corticocancellous bone graft.Materials and MethodsIn this case series, the medical records and radiographs of all dogs and cats with radius/ulna and tibia/fibula viable oligotrophic and nonviable atrophic non‐unions treated with corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation at two referral veterinary hospitals between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The long‐term follow‐up was 1 year or greater.ResultsThirteen dogs and six cats with 19 non‐union fractures met the inclusion criteria for the study. Eighteen non‐union fractures (94.7%) healed and one did not. Five patients (26%) had minor perioperative period complications (<3 months). The patient that did not achieve bone union underwent revision surgery with internal fixation (plate and screws) and autologous cancellous bone graft. Fifteen (78.9%) cases returned to full function and three (15.8%) cases returned to acceptable function in the long‐term follow‐up period.Clinical SignificanceThe use of circular external skeletal fixation associated with autologous corticocancellous bone graft for the treatment of radius/ulna and tibia/fibula atrophic/oligotrophic non‐union fractures in dogs and cats was considered successful in the majority of patients and was free of major or catastrophic complications.
Molecular typing of a collection of Iranian clinical Trichophyton tonsurans isolates based on the non‐transcribed spacer region of rDNA and antifungal susceptibility testing of the species
Authors: Faeli Leila , Kermani Firoozeh , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali , Ilkit Macit , Valadan Reza , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Javidnia Javad , Mayahi Sabah , Shokohi Tahereh , Abastabar Mahdi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionWrestling, considered the national sport of Iran, has gained immense popularity among Iranians. Wrestlers frequently encounter skin conditions, with dermatophyte fungal infections, particularly tinea gladiatorum (TG), being a common issue. TG, caused by the Trichophyton genus, has emerged as a major health concern for wrestlers and other contact sport athletes worldwide. This study aimed to assess the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton tonsurans isolates responsible for TG in Iranian wrestlers from Mazandaran province, northern Iran.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 clinical T. tonsurans isolates collected from various cities in Mazandaran, were included in the study. The isolates were identified through PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from these isolates, and the non‐transcribed spacer (NTS) region of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was targeted for genotyping using newly designed primers. Haplotype analysis was performed to explore genetic diversity, and antifungal susceptibility to terbinafine (TRB) and itraconazole (ITC) was assessed.ResultsThe results revealed five distinct NTS types: NTS‐I, NTS‐II, NTS‐III, NTS‐IV and NTS‐V, with NTS‐IV being the most prevalent. The distribution of NTS types varied across different cities, suggesting potential transmission patterns among wrestlers. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were susceptible to TRB, while one isolate demonstrated resistance to ITC. Genotypic diversity was not correlated with antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the importance of monitoring susceptibility to ensure effective treatment. Haplotype analysis highlighted significant genetic diversity among the T. tonsurans isolates. This diversity may be attributed to factors such as human‐to‐human transmission, geographic location and lifestyle changes. The study's findings underscore the need for comprehensive genotypic analysis to understand the epidemiology and evolution of T. tonsurans infections in athletes.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of T. tonsurans isolates causing TG in Iranian wrestlers. The presence of multiple NTS types and varying susceptibility patterns highlights the complexity of T. tonsurans infections in this population. Further research is warranted to track the transmission routes and genetic evolution of T. tonsurans strains among wrestlers and develop effective control measures.
Roles of swallowing and belching in different phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Brand David , Pomenti Sydney , Katzka David A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe contributions of swallowing and belching to specific gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) phenotypes are unclear.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed esophageal pH/impedance studies, comparing reflux events preceded by gastric belching (GB), supragastric belching (SGB), air swallowing, and liquid/solid swallowing based on reflux position, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, and acid exposure time (AET).Key Results20 GERD patients and 10 controls were studied. Upright GERD patients and controls had a higher proportion of reflux events with a preceding swallow or belch (0.64, 0.64) than the supine group (0.38, p = 0.043). The upright group and controls trended toward a higher proportion of reflux events preceded by overall swallowing (0.61, 0.50) and air swallowing (0.55, 0.48) than the supine group (0.32, 0.31 p = 0.064, p = 0.11), but the three groups had similar rates of liquid/solid swallowing (0.032, 0.024, 0.017, p = 0.69). LES pressure did not correlate with reflux events preceded by swallowing (R2 = 0.021, p = 0.44). There was a higher rate of events preceded by gastric belching in the control group (0.14) than in the upright (0.032) and supine groups (0.066, p = 0.049). LES pressure did not correlate with the rate of events preceded by belching (R2 = 0.000093, p = 0.96). Normal AET patients had a higher rate of events preceded by GB (0.12) than those with increased acid exposure (0.030, p = 0.0083), but the two groups had similar rates of preceding air (0.43, 0.47, p = 0.68), liquid/solid (0.018, 0.032, p = 0.30), and overall swallowing (0.44, 0.53, p = 0.38).Conclusions and InferencesSwallowing more than belching is a dominant mechanism for reflux irrespective of GERD position, LES pressure, and AET.