bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics Nomogram Based on Dual‐Sequence MRI for Assessing Ki‐67 Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Shen Mengyi , Zhang Dingyi , He Xin , Du Qinglin , Liu Nian , Huang Xiaohua 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundRadiomics has been extensively applied in predicting Ki‐67 in breast cancer (BC). However, this is often confined to the exploration of a single sequence, without considering the varying sensitivity and specificity among different sequences.PurposeTo develop a nomogram based on dual‐sequence MRI derived radiomic features combined with clinical characteristics for assessing Ki‐67 expression in BC.Study TypeRetrospective.Population227 females (average age, 51 years) with 233 lesions and pathologically confirmed BC, which were divided into the training set (n = 163) and test set (n = 70).Field Strength/Sequence3.0‐T, T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from diffusion‐weighted MRI (EPI sequence).AssessmentThe regions of interest were manually delineated on ADC and DCE‐MRI sequences. Three radiomics models of ADC, DCE‐MRI, and dsMRI (combined ADC and DCE‐MRI sequences) were constructed by logistic regression and the radiomics score (Radscore) of the best model was calculated. The correlation between Ki‐67 expression and clinical characteristics such as receptor status, axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis status, ADC value, and time signal intensity curve was analyzed, and the clinical model was established. The Radscore was combined with clinical predictors to construct a nomogram.Statistical TestsThe independent sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi‐squared test, Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), single factor analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics, Delong test, Hosmer_Lemeshow test, calibration curve, decision curve. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the test set, the prediction efficiency of the dsMRI model (AUC = 0.862) was higher than ADC model (AUC = 0.797) and DCE‐MRI model (AUC = 0.755). With the inclusion of estrogen receptor (ER) and ALN metastasis, the nomogram displayed quality improvement (AUC = 0.876), which was superior to the clinical model (AUC = 0.787) and radiomics model.Data ConclusionThe nomogram based on dsMRI radiomic features and clinical characteristics may be able to assess Ki‐67 expression in BC.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Application of multiple‐intake temporal check all that apply: a case study of strawberry yoghurt formulated with alternative sweeteners
Authors: Chadha Diksha , Hamid Nazimah , Kantono Kevin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is crucial to reduce the high sugar content of fruit yoghurts in response to the excessive weight gain epidemic. The use of alternative sweeteners in yoghurts is often associated with the negative sensory attributes that can have an impact on yoghurt liking. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of alternative sweeteners and strawberry puree addition on the temporal sensory profile of yoghurt using multiple‐intake temporal check all that apply (TCATA). A novel approach to the statical analysis of the temporal sensory data was employed by using aligned rank transformation–analysis of variance to investigate the differences between sensory attributes within different products and within different intakes.RESULTSResults showed that the attributes sweet and fruity decreased when the concentration of fruit puree was increased at low concentration of sucrose. Interestingly, when the concentration of fruit puree was increased, fruitiness increased and mouthcoating decreased at low concentration of stevia. With successive intakes, the attributes sweet, sour, creamy and fruity significantly decreased in yoghurts sweetened with sucrose, xylitol and stevia. Yoghurts containing low concentrations of sucrose or xylitol and fruit puree were liked the most. However, stevia‐sweetened yoghurts varying in sweetener and puree concentration were not significantly different in liking. In order to investigate the consumer acceptance of yoghurts, a novel approach was used – that is, utilizing TCATA temporal data to investigate temporal drivers of liking for each yoghurt type.CONCLUSIONThe use of multiple statistical analysis to analyse temporal data suggested that both sweetener and puree concentration need to be considered when developing products using alternative sweeteners. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transpterygoid Approach and the Need for Myringotomy
Authors: Damante Mark A. , Magill Stephen T. , Kreatsoulas Daniel , McGahan Ben G. , Hardesty Douglas , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe expanded endonasal transpterygoid approach (EETA) is used to access the middle and posterior fossa through the pterygoid process. Traditionally, the eustachian tube (ET) was resected during EETA, which often required subsequent myringotomy for inner ear drainage. Anterolateral transposition of the ET was proposed to decrease potential morbidity associated with resection. However, a comparison of resection versus transposition regarding the need for subsequent myringotomy has not been reported.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent an EETA. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, management of ET with resection versus transposition, and need for subsequent myringotomy were collected. Analysis was performed with JMP software in standard fashion and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis performed with a p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsNinety‐one patients underwent EETA for various malignant and benign tumors. Twenty‐seven patients required myringotomy, with tumors of the pterygopalatine fossa accounting for the most common location (n = 8). Malignant pathology had the highest myringotomy rate compared to benign tumors (48.9% vs. 10.9%, p < 0.001), as did receiving postoperative radiation (p < 0.001), ET resection (p < 0.001), and increasing CPK class. Multivariate analysis of these variables suggests that only ET resection significantly correlated with the need for myringotomy (LR 7.97, p = 0.005).ConclusionsET resection during EETA can lead to ET dysfunction and require myringotomy post‐operatively, and patients should be counseled of this risk. Radiation treatment, malignant pathology, and CPK class, all reflecting situations where more extensive surgery was needed, were associated with the need for myringotomy on univariate analysis but did not reach significance with multivariate analysis.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1203–1207, 2024
Boosting Applications with High‐Performance Near‐Infrared Phosphor‐Converted Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Liu Yongfu , Jin Chen , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jiahua , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Chen Guoxin , Jiang Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted (pc) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are gaining popularity as smart NIR spectroscopy light sources. However, the low wall‐plug efficiency (WPE) of NIR pc‐LEDs has limited their applications due to the comprehensive properties of external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and thermal stability for NIR phosphors. In this study, a simple strategy is presented to achieve high‐performance NIR phosphors by breaking the d–d parity forbidden transitions of Cr3+ in the garnet host by introducing asymmetric vibrations via lattice distortions. The achieved EQE is as high as 44% at room temperature and maintains >98% of the initial EQE at 150 °C, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. Notably, these NIR phosphors enable unprecedented NIR pc‐LEDs with a record WPE of 26% driven at 100 mA. Consequently, the application of NIR pc‐LEDs is expanded to new areas such as real‐time heart rate monitoring and fingerprint recognition.
A Holographic Broadband Achromatic Metalens
Authors: Wang Xinghao , Liu Shunli , Xu Liqun , Cao Yang , Tao Yuan , Chen Yiyu , Zhang Zihang , Chen Chao , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong , Wang Chaowei , Ni Jincheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetalens with nanostructured optical elements are designed to control wavefront shaping at the wavelength‐scale thickness. However, most metalens still suffer from large chromatic aberrations due to phase dispersion, limiting their wide applications for multiple wavelengths. Here, avoiding complex resonant designs or multiple‐layer nanostructures, a simple broadband achromatic metalens by holographic diffraction in the visible spectrum is demonstrated. The hyperbolic phase distributions of multiple discrete wavelengths within a shared aperture and fabricate a broadband achromatic diffractive metalens by flexible direct‐laser‐writing technique is randomly interleaved. The designed polarization‐insensitive metalens modulate the light field by changing the height of the artificial neuron phase units to achieve average focusing efficiencies of 55% in the visible spectrum. This holographic design concept can pave the way to expand achromatic metalenses to multiple spectra.
PBAT/PLA Films and Supercritical Impregnation of Caffeine for Potential Application in Anticellulite Tools
Authors: Liparoti Sara , Mottola Stefania , De Marco Iolanda , Pantani Roberto 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTopical administration is the preferred route for the controlled release of active compounds since it reduces side effects typical of other administration methods. The use of polymer blends is a way to modulate drug release from a topical device. The blends ensure modulation of a wide range of properties, such as mechanical properties, water sorption, and degradation. This paper proposes blends of poly(lactide acid) (PLA), and Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), for the topical release of caffeine, a molecule with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticellulite activities. PBAT/PLA blends are optimized for compatibility between the two polymers, mechanical properties, and drug release rate. Blends with a higher amount of PBAT show the best performance regarding polymer compatibility. The blends undergo supercritical CO2‐assisted caffeine impregnation. This process assures homogeneous dispersion of caffeine into the polymer matrix. The ratios 45/55 and 55/45 PBAT/PLA show the best performance in terms of caffeine release (complete caffeine release within 25 h). Caffeine is released into three steps: a burst effect due to the caffeine dispersed over the film surface, a slower release due to the caffeine dispersed in the polymer matrix, and a fast release due to the increase of polymer degradation rate induced by caffeine presence.
45 Years of Polymer HPLC: A Short Review
Authors: Pasch Harald , Bungu Paul Eselem 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUntil the end of the 70s of the last century, the major tool for fractionating complex polymers regarding molecular size is gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (more accurately size exclusion chromatography, SEC). A milestone in fractionating polymers with regard to chemical composition is achieved when it is shown that random copolymers can be separated according to copolymer composition using solvent gradient HPLC. Another important step toward selective fractionation is taken when liquid chromatography at the critical point of adsorption is introduced as an efficient way to separate functional polymers with regard to their functionality type distribution. Another milestone is the discovery that temperature gradients can also be used for the selective separation of complex polymers with regard to composition. The combination of different LC methods in comprehensive 2D HPLC setups is another milestone. As of today, a toolbox of HPLC methods is in place that enables the fractionation of complex polymers according to all molecular parameters including tacticity and branching. Here, an overview on the different techniques and some major applications is presented. The most important developments in the field are discussed, and different techniques, experimental protocols, and applications are highlighted. In conclusion, challenges for future developments are outlined.
Machine learning models for early‐stage investment decision making in startups
Authors: Shi Yong , Eremina Ekaterina , Long Wen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study demonstrates the efficacy of machine learning techniques for evidence‐based evaluation of early‐stage ventures. Leveraging real‐world data on 24,965 startups across diverse sectors and countries sourced from Crunchbase, we develop predictive models using algorithms including random forest, XGBoost, and support vector machines. Rigorous training and testing on a 70–30 split of the data reveal that the algorithms can effectively classify startups as successful or not, achieving over 90% accuracy. Random forest emerges as the top performer, followed closely by XGBoost. This research demonstrates the immense potential of machine learning techniques in forecasting startup success to inform management practice.
Technical note: The migration distance – a unidirectional distance metric for region‐of‐interest comparisons
Authors: Stewart James , Sahgal Arjun , Hudson John , Lau Angus , Keller Brian , Chen Hanbo , Detsky Jay , Soliman Hany , Tseng Chia‐Lin , Myrehaug Sten , Ruschin Mark 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe radiotherapy process relies on several metrics in determining a notion of “distance” from one three‐dimensional region‐of‐interest (ROI) to another. The majority are symmetric (or commutative) and do not contain information pertaining to directionality. Growth versus regression, for example, is not inherently distinguished by these metrics.PurposeThe purpose of this work was to formalize a unidirectional distance metric, motivated by radiotherapy margin concepts, which we term the migration distance. Informally, the migration distance from ROI to is the minimum isotropic expansion of such that is completely encompassed by the expansion. If is contained within , the migration distance is negative with magnitude equal to the maximum isotropic contraction of such that remains contained within contraction. The metric is demonstrated by quantifying glioblastoma interfraction target changes.MethodsAn explicit mathematical formulation of the migration distance is presented and contrasted with the related Hausdorff distance. The results are demonstrated for the gross tumor volume (GTV) dynamics of a glioblastoma cohort consisting of 111 patients that underwent standard chemoradiotherapy with offline MR imaging at planning, fraction 10, fraction 20, and 1‐month post radiotherapy.ResultsThe mean ± SD of the GTV migration distance relative to planning was 5.9 ± 3.9 mm at fraction 10, 6.2 ± 4.4 mm at fraction 20, and 7.9 ± 7.1 mm at 1‐month post radiotherapy. The maximum GTV migration distance across all patients at the same timepoints was 20.4, 20.7, and 45.5 mm, respectively.ConclusionsWe have proposed and demonstrated a unidirectional distance metric. The migration distance may have applications in the quantification of anatomical changes, planning target volume designs, and dosimetric radiotherapy plan assessment.
Electromagnetic absorption shielding effectiveness and physical‐mechanical properties of rubber composites
Authors: Kruželák Ján , Kvasničáková Andrea , Džuganová Michaela , Dosoudil Rastislav , Hudec Ivan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManganese‐zinc ferrite, nickel‐zinc ferrite, and the combinations of both ferrites in constant level 200 phr were incorporated into acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber. The amount of carbon black was constant in each composite −25 phr. The second series of composites was fabricated with similar composition, but the total content of ferrites or ferrites combinations was 300 phr, while the content of carbon black was 25 phr. The work was focused on investigation of electromagnetic absorption shielding effectiveness of composites and their physical‐mechanical properties. During the study, good correlation between conductivity, permittivity, and electromagnetic absorption parameters was established. Higher conductivity was reflected in higher permittivity of composites, which subsequently resulted in their lower absorption shielding performance. The experimental outputs revealed that absorption shielding effectiveness was enhanced with increasing with proportion of nickel‐zinc ferrite, which pointed out to higher absorption shielding potential of nickel‐zinc ferrite. The physical‐mechanical properties were found not to be influenced by the type of ferrite or ferrites combinations. The higher overall content of ferrites in rubber matrix caused the decrease in tensile characteristics of composites, suggesting that ferrites are inactive fillers considering the physical‐mechanical properties.
Interfacial performance and build orientation of 3D‐printed poly(ether‐ketone‐ketone) reinforced by continuous carbon fiber
Authors: Fan Tianxiang , Zhou Ziyan , Zhang Huiying , Zhao Xiaole , Chen Ye , Wang Huaping 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContinuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) have gained great attention for the benefit of preparing products without molds. However, unexpected debonding and defects are derived from insufficient impregnation between fiber and matrix in 3D‐printed samples, resulting in weak interfacial performance. In this work, a polyetherimide (PEI) sizing agent was used to improve the fiber‐matrix interfaces, and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the continuous carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether‐ketone‐ketone) composites was increased to 27.1 MPa, 12.4% higher than that of unmodified composite. Meanwhile, the performance of CFRTPCs is affected by process parameters in FDM. Build orientation of FDM was discussed and PEI weakened the anisotropy of samples' mechanical properties because the performance variation caused by build orientation decreased from 86.8% to 65.2%, which may be beneficial for the forming freedom of in situ impregnated FDM. The addition of PEI makes sense to apply in situ impregnated FDM in high‐tech fields.Highlights
CCF/PEKK composites were prepared by in situ impregnated FDM.
ILSS of flat‐oriented CCF/PEKK was 86.8% higher than that of on‐edge.
5 wt% PEI sizing agent promoted adhesion of CCF and PEKK to obtain the best mechanical properties.
PEI weakened the anisotropy of samples' mechanical properties, which was conducive to forming freedom.
Shear creep analysis of solid rocket motor bonding interface and rapid prediction model**
Authors: Ye Guanlin , Deng Kuangwei , Wu Weijing , Yang Dong , Shen Zhibin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDuring vertical storage of solid rocket motors, shear creep behavior occurred at the sidewall bonding interface due to self‐weight load, threatening the structural safety and storage life of the motor. To study the shear creep characteristics of the bonding interface, shear creep tests were conducted on a shear interface test piece of a motor under various temperatures and stresses. An engineering criterion for the onset of nonlinear viscoelastic stage of the bonding interface was proposed, and a rapid prediction model for shear creep of motor bonding interface in linear viscoelastic stage was devised. Furthermore, the stress‐time master curve of shear creep compliance at the bonding interface was established, revealing the variation trend of shear creep compliance during long‐term creep process. The results showed that this rapid prediction model had simple construction, high accuracy and wide applicability, and could well predict short‐term creep behaviour of bonding interface in linear viscoelastic stage. A method for structural integrity assessment of vertically stored solid rocket motors could be provided by using these research methods and results.
Semi‐synthetic nanobody‐ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor‐1
Authors: Braga Emidio Nayara , Cheloha Ross W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAntibodies have proven highly valuable for therapeutic development; however, they are typically poor candidates for applications that require activation of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest collection of targets for clinically approved drugs. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antibody fragments retaining full antigen‐binding capacity, have emerged as promising tools for pharmacologic applications, including GPCR modulation. Past work has shown that conjugation of Nbs with ligands can provide GPCR agonists that exhibit improved activity and selectivity compared to their parent ligands. The neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR targeted for the treatment of pain, is activated by peptide agonists such as Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), which induce signaling through multiple pathways (Gs, Gq and β‐arrestin). In this study, we investigated whether conjugating NK1R ligands with Nbs that bind to a separate location on the receptor would provide chimeric compounds with distinctive signaling properties. We employed sortase A‐mediated ligation to generate several conjugates consisting of Nbs linked to NK1R ligands. Many of these conjugates exhibited divergent and unexpected signaling properties and transcriptional outputs. For example, some Nb‐NKA conjugates showed enhanced receptor binding capacity, high potency partial agonism, prolonged cAMP production, and an increase in transcriptional output associated with Gs signaling; whereas other conjugates were virtually inactive. Nanobody conjugation caused only minor alterations in ligand‐induced upstream Gq signaling with unexpected enhancements in transcriptional (downstream) responses. Our findings underscore the potential of nanobody conjugation for providing compounds with advantageous properties such as biased agonism, prolonged duration of action, and enhanced transcriptional responses. These compounds hold promise not only for facilitating fundamental research on GPCR signal transduction mechanisms but also for the development of more potent and enduring therapeutics.