bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video reconstructions in dentistry
Authors: Farag AA , Eid A 
Published: November 2004

Structured Abstract
Authors –
Farag AA, Eid AObjectives – To present two practical techniques for three‐dimensional (3D) modeling of the human jaw from a sequence of intra‐oral images.Design – A data acquisition system consists of: 3D digitizing arm, CCD camera and a laser projector in addition to a software module of two 3D modeling techniques; shape from shading (SFS) and space carving (SC).Setting and sample population – Several experiments have been conducted on a sample of students at the Computer Vision and Image Processing (CVIP) Laboratory at the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Other experiments were performed on solid models of human jaw.Experimental variable – The SFS technique, using perspective projection and camera calibration, extracts the 3D information from a sequence of two‐dimensional images of the jaw. Data fusion of range data and 3D registration techniques develop the complete jaw model. The SC approach is implemented on a sequence of calibrated images. On the two reconstructions, we fit a mesh model to the data, in order to create a solid 3D model.Outcome measure – The accuracy of the reconstructed 3D model of human jaw is calculated based on the measurements on real jaws.Results – The SFS‐based technique seems to provide more faithful information about the shape of the tooth tops. However, the SC algorithm successfully reconstructed 3D models of the human jaw with sub‐millimeter accuracy, which is as accurate as (or even better than) the first technique without using any range measurements or laser projectors. The average error in distance calculation was found to be 0.74 mm, which is an acceptable resolution for many orthodontics and maxillofacial applications.Conclusion – Accurate 3D reconstruction of the human jaw enables many orthodontics and dental imaging research findings to be applied directly to a digital jaw model – not to a cast – using computer vision and medical imaging tools.
A three‐dimensional evaluation of the upper airway in adolescents
Authors: Aboudara CA , Hatcher D , Nielsen IL , Miller A 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Authors– Aboudara CA, Hatcher D, Nielsen IL, Miller AThe link between the facial growth and airway function has been a subject of controversy in orthodontics for many years. This study investigates how well lateral cephalometric headfilms depict three‐dimensional upper airway structures. Subjects are 11 normal adolescent children, ages 7–16 years old. Airway information over the same anatomic area in the nasopharynx is compared between lateral cephalometric headfilms and three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CT) scans. Intra‐subject proportion of airway volume to area shows moderate variability. CT airway volume shows more variability than corresponding headfilm airway area.
Propagule banks, herbivory and nutrient supply control population development and dominance patterns in macroalgal blooms
Authors: Lotze Heike K. , Worm Boris , Sommer Ulrich 
Published: November 2004

Destructive macroalgal mass blooms threaten estuarine and coastal ecosystems worldwide. We asked which factors regulate macroalgal bloom intensity, distribution and species composition. In field experiments in the Baltic Sea, we analyzed the relative effects of nutrients, herbivores and algal propagule banks on population development and dominance patterns in two co‐occurring bloom‐forming macroalgae, Enteromorpha
intestinalis and Pilayella littoralis.
Both species were highly affected by the combined effects of a propagule
bank, herbivory and nutrients. The magnitude of effects varied with
season. The propagule bank was an important overwintering mechanism for
both algae, and allowed for recruitment two months earlier than
recruitment via freshly dispersed propagules. This provided a seasonal
escape from intense herbivory and nutrient limitation later in the year.
Favored by massive recruitment from the propagule bank,
Enteromorpha was the superior space occupier in early spring,
thereby reducing recruitment of Pilayella. Elimination of the
propagule bank and recruitment via freshly dispersed propagules favored
Pilayella. Strong and selective herbivory on Enteromorpha
supported Pilayella in the presence, but not in the absence of the
propagule bank. Nutrient enrichment in summer counteracted herbivore
pressure on Enteromorpha, thereby negatively affecting
Pilayella. Herbivore and nutrient effects were more pronounced for early life stages than adult algae.  These results show that recruitment processes and forces affecting early life stages at the beginning of the vegetation period determine development and dominance patterns of macroalgal blooms. Herbivores naturally suppress blooms but increasing nutrient enrichment can override this important control mechanism. The propagule bank plays a previously unrecognized role for population and community dynamics.
Direct interference or indirect exploitation? An experimental study of fitness costs of interspecific competition in voles
Authors: Eccard Jana A. , Ylönen Hannu 
Published: November 2004

Studies on competing mammalian species in the past have focused mainly on the competitive exclusion of one species from the preferred habitat of the other. Investigations on effects of competition and coexistence on individual fitness are rare.In this study we were able to measure effects of interspecific competition on major fitness components, using a system with two vole species in asymmetric competition. Survival, reproduction and space use of bank voleClethrionomys glareolusfemales were monitored in 32 enclosed populations over four replicates of eight parallel run enclosures. Into half of the enclosures we introduced an additional number of field volesMicrotus agrestis, a dominant competitor.Survival of bank vole females was lower under competitive conditions. Total number of breeding females was lower in populations coexisting with competitors. Territory size of bank vole females decreased. Females body weight and litter size bank vole litters conceived during the experiment were not affected by interspecific competition. These characteristics should respond to differences in food resources, and territory size should increase if food was scarce, thus we found no indication of direct exploitation competition between the two species. Space use was overlapping between the species, but individuals of both species were never caught together in the same trap, indicating avoidance behaviour.We conclude that adult bank vole females do suffer fitness consequences through interference competition with field voles, probably basing on increased number of aggressive encounters in the presence of the dominant species. Our results suggest, that direct interference rather than indirect exploitation competition may be the cause for observed fitness decrease in bank vole females.
Correlations between small aperture skin suction parameters: statistical analysis and mechanical model
Authors: Schlangen L. J. M. , Brokken D. , Van Kemenade P. M. 
Published: November 2004

Background/aims: Skin suction experiments are widely used in order to evaluate the effects of skin treatments, both for cosmetic and for dermatological purposes. Classically, the elevation of the skin is measured at different discrete time instances after the pressure has been changed. Relations between the classical parameters – Uv, Ur, Ue and Uf – have been investigated and used in order to develop a new model for interpreting the mechanical properties of the skin.Methods: Within a group of 68 female subjects – aged between 37 and 68 – a Cutometer has been used in order to determine classical skin suction parameters on the female facial skin. Each skin suction measurement consists of three consecutive underpressure cycles. Within the resulting parameter set, a statistical analysis has been performed to investigate interparameter relations.Results: Strong interparameter correlations have been found within a set of 12 classical skin suction parameters. The set contains three independent groups of interrelated parameters. Based on this observation, a one‐dimensional mechanical model – consisting of springs and dampers – is constructed. When two extra independent parameters are included in the model, the elevation versus time curves as recorded during three consecutive underpressure cycles can be fully described. The model reveals that typical skin suction data can be described in terms of a quick and a slow deformation process. The two characteristic time scales are 0.1 and 7 s approximately. The 0.1 s‐value matches the response time of the device used. In reality, the quick deformation process in the skin may have a shorter time scale.Conclusions: In skin suction data, each underpressure cycle is usually characterized by four classical parameters – Uv, Ur, Ue and Uf. Within the 12 parameters of a three‐cycle measurement, three independent groups of interrelated parameters have been found. These groups can be represented by the parameters Uv1, Ur1 and Uf1 of the first underpressure cycle.A model that is based on these three independent groups and two other independent parameters is proposed. The model provides an accurate description of the skin deformation as recorded during a measurement involving three underpressure cycles. The model is an improvement over classical interpretations of skin suction data where interrelated parameters are used. Moreover, the five‐parameter model accounts for well‐known mechanical characteristics of the skin such as preconditioning and visco‐elastic behavior.
Colour analysis of skin lesion regions for melanoma discrimination in clinical images
Authors: Chen Jixiang , Stanley R. Joe , Moss Randy H. , Van Stoecker William 
Published: November 2004

Background: Skin lesion colour is an important feature for diagnosing malignant melanoma. Colour histogram analysis over a training set of images has been used to identify colours characteristic of melanoma, i.e., melanoma colours. A percent melanoma colour feature defined as the percentage of the lesion pixels that are melanoma colours has been used as a feature to discriminate melanomas from benign lesions.Methods: In this research, the colour histogram analysis technique is extended to evaluate skin lesion discrimination based on colour feature calculations in different regions of the skin lesion. The colour features examined include percent melanoma colour and a novel colour clustering ratio. Experiments are performed using clinical images of 129 malignant melanomas and 129 benign lesions consisting of 40 seborrheic keratoses and 89 nevocellular nevi.Results: Experimental results show improved discrimination capability for feature calculations focused in the lesion boundary region. Specifically, correct melanoma and benign recognition rates are observed as high as 89 and 83%, respectively, for the percent melanoma colour feature computed using only the outermost, uniformly distributed 10% of the lesion's area.Conclusions: The experimental results show for the features investigated that the region closest to the skin lesion boundary contains the greatest colour discrimination information for lesion screening. Furthermore, the percent melanoma colour feature consistently outperformed the colour clustering ratio for the different skin lesion regions examined. The clinical application of this result is that clustered colours appear to be no more significant than colours of arbitrary distribution within a lesion.
Granular cells in oral lichen planus
Authors: Van Der Meij EH , Van Der Waal I 
Published: November 2004

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Three cases of granular cells associated with oral lichen planus (OLP) have been reported to date, which prompted us to look for the presence of granular cells in a consecutive series of 250 cases of OLP in the period 1996–1998.RESULTS: Only one case with granular cell changes was encountered in that series. H&E stained slides as well as direct immunofluorescence examination showed characteristics compatible with OLP. Part of the subepithelial connective tissue was replaced by a granular cell proliferation; S‐100 protein was diffusely expressed in all granular cells, whereas no expression of smooth muscle actin was observed.CONCLUSION: Based on these findings it seems unlikely that the granular cells in the present case represent a so‐called ‘oral ceroid granuloma’. The presence of granular cells might rather have been a reactive phenomenon triggered by the inflammatory infiltrate or a granular cell tumour (GCT). Whether the simultaneous presence of a GCT and OLP in this particular case was based on a causal relationship or on coincidence still remains unknown.
Value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of orbital vascular flow in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Saygili Ö. Barutcu , Pelit A. , Torun D. , Tarhan N. C. , Pelit A. , Yildirim T. , Pourbagher A. 
Published: November 2004

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal and retinal vascular flow dynamics by means of color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis and to compare these findings with healthy controls. Material and Methods: Color Doppler ultrasonography and spectral analysis of nasal and temporal posterior ciliary and central retinal artery flow of both eyes were performed in 20 patients (40 eyes) and 22 controls (44 eyes) to assess peak systolic flow velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity, and resistive indices (RI). Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and any cardiac pathology were not included in the study. A general ophthalmologic examination was performed in all patients and controls. Results: The average peak-systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities of nasal (12.88±4.91/6.88±3.26) and temporal (15.22±9.59/6.41±3.97) posterior ciliary artery and central retinal artery (14.94±8.38/6.7±4.13) in patients were significantly higher than the corresponding values of the controls. The RI values of nasal (0.52±0.10) and temporal (0.58±0.12) posterior ciliary artery and central retinal artery (0.55±0.11) in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis were significantly lower than in the controls. Conclusion: Choroidal and retinal blood flow velocities are higher and RI values for all three vessels lower in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis compared to healthy controls. These alterations may be related to either increased choroidal blood flow or vasoconstriction of the proximal vessels.
The Impact of Transfer Fees on Professional Sports: An Analysis of the New Transfer System for European Football*
Authors: Feess Eberhard , Muehlheusser Gerd 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe evaluate the effect of the recently approved transfer system for European professional football which will replace the current system (implemented by the Bosman judgment in 1995). The focus is on the comparison of wages, profits, the length of contracts and investment incentives. Our main findings are that (i) the new regime reduces a player's overall payoff because it increases the new club's renegotiation payoff, and (ii) since training generates a general skill, the new regime will also diminish incentives to invest in the education of young talents, because a new club benefits more from the initial club's investment.
CA for SLA: Arguments from the Chinese Language Classroom
Authors: He Agnes Weiyun 
Published: November 2004

When the seminal article on the organization of turn‐taking by Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson (1974) was published 30 years ago, I started learning English as a foreign language. In addition to being a learner of the English language for many years, I was also trained in the traditions of Conversation Analysis (CA) and linguistic anthropology (particularly Language Socialization) in graduate school. For the present article, my objective is to explore the uses and nonuses of CA for language learning, particularly for Chinese language learning. In what follows, I take the perspective of a conversation analyst as well as that of a second language (L2) learner.This article is divided into three main sections. The first section discusses the kinds of contributions CA can make to research on L2 learning and teaching. I propose that the basic science produced by CA research can be fruitfully applied to L2 learning and instruction and to oral language assessment. I further suggest that CA studies of classroom interaction provide richly textured descriptions of language learning contexts such as expert‐novice relations and participants' identity construction. The second section considers what CA does not do, or is not designed to do for Second Language Acquisition (SLA). I submit that, unlike language socialization research, CA does not address introspective, unobservable matters that may be important to language learning. Furthermore, unlike ethnomethodology, CA is not designed to document learning (i.e., change in behavior) over a considerable period of time. The final section concludes on a hermeneutical note: I argue that CA studies of SLA provide a part of the picture of L2 learning and teaching, a part that, crucially, compels us to reconsider the whole.
Elicitation of Both CD4+ and CD8+ T‐Cell‐Mediated Specific Immune Responses to HCA587 Protein by Autologous Dendritic Cells
Authors: Li B. , He X. , Pang X. , Zhang H. , Chen J. , Chen W. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe recently cloned a new member of cancer/testis antigen named HCA587, which was highly expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. To investigate it as a potential tumour‐specific target for immunotherapy, the immunogenicity of this protein, especially the ability to induce specific cellular immune responses, was evaluated in the present study. As dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen‐presenting cells, DC‐based vaccination has recently shown marked promise for the treatment of human malignancies by immunological intervention. Here, we demonstrate that autologous DC loaded with HCA587 protein could induce specific T‐cell responses in healthy individuals by in vitro stimulations. Enzyme‐linked immunospot analysis for interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secretion demonstrated HCA587‐specific CD8+ T cells in the antigen‐stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the analysis of CD4+ T cells by proliferation assay also showed antigen‐specific reactivities in normal donors. Two‐colour flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and intracellular cytokine expression demonstrated that HCA587‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes exhibited a heterogeneous CD8+/CD56+ expression, and a striking T‐helper 1 cytokine bias (IFN‐γhigh/IL‐4low) was observed for both CD4+ and CD8+ HCA587‐specific lymphocyte populations. We conclude that HCA587 is a potent immunogen that can induce CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated specific immune responses, and these findings propose HCA587 as a good candidate for the development of a therapeutic protein‐based DC tumour vaccine for the treatment of HCC patients.
Host‐Dependent Serum Specificity to the V3 Domain of HIV‐1
Authors: Nabatov A. A. , Masharsky A. E. , Verevochkin S. V. , Emelyanov A. V. , Kozlov A. P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe previous studies of anti‐HIV‐1 humoral immune response have found the stable individual structural bias in the antibody production that reflects the changes in the immune functional network caused by HIV‐1. The correlation between antigen structure, in particular the V3 domain of HIV‐1, and the serum specificity to the structure remains unclear. To clarify the role of host individual factors in the serum specificity, we used the slightly modified HIV‐1 serotyping methodological approach for the sera of the patients infected with HIV‐1 with a different level of genetic similarity. Substantial discrepancy between serum specificities and antigen structure was found. Patients infected with HIV‐1 carrying similar and identical V3 sequences had significantly different serum specificities. The opposite situation was often observed as well. The results of the study suggest that the influence of the V3 loop structure in the development of humoral immune response to the V3 loop is substantially modified in a patient‐specific manner.
Release of TNF‐α From In Vitro‐Stimulated Monocytes is Negatively Associated with Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein B in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zykova S. N. , Svartberg J. , Seljelid R. , Iversen H. , Lund Å. , Svistounov D. N. , Jenssen T. G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractImpaired course of inflammation is a likely mechanism behind a number of diabetic complications. The present study was undertaken to investigate lipopolysaccharide‐induced production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in monocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes and to assess its relationship with diabetes‐associated metabolic abnormalities. Monocytic TNF‐α mRNA production was lower in the diabetic participants compared to their corresponding controls. Diabetic subjects who had been receiving simvastatin treatment had TNF‐α mRNA production similar to that of the healthy participants. The release of TNF‐α from diabetic cells correlated negatively with serum levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB) (R = −0.755, P = 0.001), total plasma cholesterol (R = − 0.702, P = 0.002) and the presence of retinopathy (R = −0.572, P = 0.021). No such associations were found in the control subjects. In a multiple linear regression model, only the level of apoB and diabetes duration demonstrated significant effects on the release of TNF‐α, with apoB alone accounting for 57% of the variation. We conclude that production of TNF‐α mRNA in response to the bacterial stimulant is compromised in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Lipid abnormalities are associated with the observed defect. Impaired cytokine production represents a significant defect in the functioning of the immune system and may contribute to aberrations in the course of inflammation in the diabetic state.
Expression of Δ12 fatty acid desaturase during the induced accumulation of the antifungal diene in avocado fruits
Authors: WANG XUEJUN , BENO‐MOUALEM DELILA , KOBILER ILANA , LEIKIN‐FRENKEL ALICIA , LICHTER AMNON , PRUSKY DOV 
Published: November 2004

SUMMARYThe preformed (Z,Z)‐1‐acetoxy‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐heneicosa‐12,15‐diene (AFD) is the most active antifungal compound in avocado; it affects the quiescence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in unripe fruit. One of the genes encoding Δ12 fatty acid desaturase (avfad12) was hypothesized to take part in the biosynthesis of AFD, and its expression pattern and enzymatic activity were determined in relation to the content of AFD. Using avfad12‐3 as a probe, high levels of expression were detected in young fruits and leaves, where the level of AFD was highest. In contrast, Northern analysis of RNA from mature leaves and fruits showed no transcripts from the avfad12 gene family and lower AFD content. The transcripts from the avfad12 gene family, the enzymatic activity of Δ12 fatty acid desaturase, and the level of AFD in unripe‐resistant fruits increased transiently when the fruits were inoculated with C. gloeosporioides or exposed to ethylene (40 µL/L), low temperature (4 °C) or 1 mm H2O2, but ripe fruits were not affected. The effect of H2O2 on the transcripts from the avfad12 gene family is of specific importance, because reactive oxygen species were produced by unripe‐resistant host fruit soon after inoculation of C. gloeosporioides. In addition, the fungus itself produced H2O2 in culture medium at pH 5.0, which is similar to the pH of unripe‐resistant fruit, but not at pH 7.0. Treatments that enhanced Δ12 fatty acid desaturase activity increased the concentration of the AFD precursor, linoleic acid, and its incorporation into AFD; these treatments also caused a delay in decay development. The present results demonstrate temporal relationships among the transcripts from the avfad12 gene family, the synthesis of the precursor of AFD (linoleic acid), the AFD content and quiescence of C. gloeosporioides in unripe fruits.