bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on CO2 Geological Storage Reservoir and Caprock Mechanics: Methods and Status
Authors: Lu Shuaiyi , Jiang Pan , Cong Lianghan , Lü Xiaoshu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have caused serious global climate change, and countries worldwide are taking steps to mitigate the greenhouse effect caused by carbon emissions. CO2 geological storage (CGS) is emerging as a large‐scale technology for reducing GHG emissions and is gradually becoming one of the most important means of mitigating the greenhouse effect. There are several problems in the implementation of this technology, among which the geomechanical problems caused by injection sequestration cannot be ignored. This article reviews the impacts and hazards of geomechanical problems caused by injection and sequestration in CGS, which can lead to risks, including changes in reservoir and caprock mechanical properties, reservoir stability, caprock closure, fault activation, and induced seismicity during CO2 injection and sequestration. This article reviews the above studies and summarizes the research methods of CGS geomechanical problems and generation mechanisms, which can help to comprehensively understand the risks faced in the CGS process and provide references and guidance for the operation, monitoring, and research of CGS in the future.
One state's journey with a reflective supervision professional development series: Development, implementation, and adaptation
Authors: Silver Rebecca B. , Low Christine M. , Huffhines Lindsay , Newland Rebecca , Herman Rachel , Parade Stephanie H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReflective supervision (RS) has been viewed as best practice and is therefore incorporated—and often mandated—as a key feature of many relationship‐based infant and early childhood serving programs. To promote the implementation of high‐quality RS for infant and early childhood professionals, it is critical that a focus is placed on how infant and early childhood professionals are trained to build RS capacities. To this end, we describe Rhode Island, United States's journey developing, implementing, and iteratively adapting an RS professional development series. We describe the structure of the curricula as well as the content and learning objectives, which strive to bridge the gap between the theoretical concepts foundational to RS, process‐oriented self‐reflection, and the practical application of RS skills and strategies. We also outline the development and process of iterative adaptation that has refined the curricula over the past decade. Finally, we chronicle the history of coordination and collaboration that promoted the development and implementation of this series, which has been disseminated within home visiting and early care and education settings. This narrative can serve as a model for organizations, systems, and states that are undertaking efforts to provide professional development focused on RS.
Implementation of a clinical pathway for diabetes‐related foot ulcers reduced the number of amputations and shortened hospital stay
Authors: Sailer Monica , Wergeland Hilde , Randsborg Per‐Henrik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) is the leading cause for lower extremity amputations (LEAs) in western countries, and may cause social isolation, depression, and death. However, people with DFU are not offered the same prioritized care as cancer patients, despite comparable mortality rates. We therefore decided to create a clinical pathway for patients with DFU. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of implementing a new clinical pathway on rates of LEA, length of hospital stays, and cost reduction.MethodsOn January 1, 2019, a new clinical pathway ensured that all patients with a DFU were evaluated in a designated clinic run by a foot and ankle orthopedic surgeon in collaboration with the vascular surgeons, supported by a specialized wound nurse and a certified prosthetist/orthotist (CPO). We designed an algorithm for the first consultation to identify patients in need for further investigation by other specialties such as endocrinology, infectious diseases, cardiology, or vascular surgery.All patients underwent a surgical wound debridement of DFU. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was not applied. After surgery, the dressings were changed daily on the ward, until the wound was deemed viable and clean. The patients were followed for two years and compared to a historic cohort of patients with DFU admitted to the institution in 2017.ResultsThe number of major amputations was reduced from 65% (13/20) to 7.4% (2/27) (p < 0.001) after the introduction of the clinical pathway. Both the mean number of surgical revisions (5.5 vs. 1.2) and the median length of stay (46 vs. 9 days) were statistically significantly reduced. The median cost per patient was reduced by 76% (from €538 000 to €129 000, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe clinical pathway for managing DFUs resulted in a reduction in major amputations and shorter hospital stays. Discontinuing NPWT after surgical debridement did not adversely affect clinical outcomes. The new pathway also contributed to lower healthcare costs.
A critical review on effects of artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health
Authors: Sun Yizhe , Xu Baojun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArtificial sweeteners have emerged as popular alternatives to traditional sweeteners, driven by the growing concern over sugar consumption and its associated rise in obesity and metabolic disorders. Despite their widespread use, the safety and health implications of artificial sweeteners remain a topic of debate, with conflicting evidence contributing to uncertainty about their long‐term effects. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence regarding the impact of artificial sweeteners on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal health. Our analysis of in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials reveals that artificial sweeteners can alter the composition and abundance of gut microbes. These changes raise concerns about their potential to affect overall gut health and contribute to gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, artificial sweeteners have been shown to influence the production of metabolites by gut bacteria, further impacting systemic health. The findings suggest that artificial sweeteners may have complex and sometimes contradictory effects on gut microbiota. While some studies indicate potential benefits, such as reduced caloric intake and weight management, others highlight detrimental effects on microbial balance and metabolic functions. The inconsistent results underscore the need for further research to comprehensively understand the physiological impacts of various artificial sweeteners on human health. Future studies should aim for long‐term, well‐controlled investigations to clarify these relationships, ensuring evidence‐based guidelines for the safe use of artificial sweeteners in diet management. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prehabilitation of Patients With Oesophageal Malignancy Undergoing Peri‐Operative Treatment (Pre‐EMPT): Outcomes From a Prospective Controlled Trial
Authors: Bott R. , Zylstra J. , Knight W. , Whyte G. P. , Lane A. M. , Moss C. , Browning M. , Lagergren J. , Van Hemelrijck M. , Davies A. R. ,   the Pre‐EMPT study group including the following co‐authors
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Pre‐EMPT study aimed to determine if structured exercise could reduce length of stay, post‐operative complications and improve fitness and health‐related quality of life (HQRL) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and oesophagectomy.MethodsA prospective non‐randomised trial compared a standard care pathway (control) to a structured prehabilitation exercise programme (intervention) commenced before NAC and surgery for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Length of hospital stay and post‐operative complications were recorded. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX), body composition analyses, lymphocyte levels and HRQL questionnaires were performed at multiple time points.ResultsMedian length of stay was similar in both groups. There were 6 versus 11 complications observed (intervention vs control p = 0.086). Cardio‐pulmonary fitness (VO2peak) declined after NAC, but less in the intervention group (intervention −13.54% vs control −21.40%, p = 0.02). Body composition improved in the intervention group (FMi/FFMi −5.5% intervention, 10.7% control p = 0.043). Performance, cognitive, sleep and emotional function scores improved following NAC in the intervention group. Lymphocyte subsets increased in the intervention group compared to the control group after chemotherapy (p = 0.034). Chemotherapy response was improved in the intervention group (p = 0.022).ConclusionA structured exercise programme may mitigate cardiopulmonary deconditioning, reduce sarcopenia and offset lymphopenia, during chemotherapy, in patients undergoing NAC and oesophagectomy.
Realization of Chiral Whispering Gallery Mode Cavities Enabled by Photonic Chern Insulators
Authors: Mo Hao‐Chang , Gao Zi‐Xuan , Chen Xiao‐Dong , Dong Jian‐Wen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecently, whispering gallery modes (WGMs) have attracted considerable attention due to their extensive applications in the development of on‐chip microcavities, high‐sensitivity sensors, and high‐performance lasers. Conventional WGMs are achiral under the time‐reversal symmetry, and show high sensitivity to defects in optical devices. Here, topological physics is introduced into photonic cavities and the realization of chiral WGMs is demonstrated enabled by photonic Chern insulators. Through comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental measurements, the critical differences between chiral and achiral WGMs are revealed, highlighting the robustness of chiral WGMs even in the presence of defects within the cavities. This research provides valuable insights into the design of robust WGM cavities and offers a novel platform for exploring light–matter interaction phenomena.
Microsurgical Reconstruction of Complex Scalp Defects With Vastus Lateralis Free Flap
Authors: Zabbia Giovanni , Cammarata Emanuele , Franza Mara , Toia Francesca , Tondini Greta , Graziano Francesca , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo , Cordova Adriana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundScalp reconstruction is a challenging field for plastic surgeons. In case of large or complex defects, microsurgical‐free flaps are usually required. Reconstructive failure can result in high morbidity and in some cases be life‐threatening.In this article, we present our experience in the reconstruction of complex scalp defects with the use of a vastus lateralis (VL) free flap.Patients and MethodsFrom July 2013 to July 2023, we retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction of the scalp with a VL‐free flap at the authors' institution. The patient's demographic, clinical and surgical characteristics, and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.ResultsThirty patients were included. The mean age was 67.3 years. Seventeen patients were male, while 13 were female. In 56.7% of patients, defects resulted from cancer resection. In four patients, the defect was limited to the soft tissues while a multi‐layer defect with bone and/or dura involvement was present in 26 patients. Soft tissue reconstruction was always achieved with a VL‐free flap (n = 30). In 28 cases, a skin‐grafted muscular flap was used. The most used recipient vessels were the superior thyroid vessels (n = 18). Complications occurred in six patients (20%): two cases of total flap loss and two cases of infection of the cranioplasty materials requiring their removal. In two cases patients died within 48 h. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional results at 6 months.ConclusionsIn the case of complex scalp defects, the gold standard is reconstruction through microsurgical flaps that provide well‐vascularized tissue and allow to cover large defects, reducing the incidence of infections and ensuring good brain protection even without cranioplasty. In our experience, VL‐free flap represents a valid option, providing a low donor site morbidity, the possibility of a two‐team approach, and a low complication rate.
Investigations on Dual Band MIMO Antenna With Reduction of Mutual Coupling and RCS for Military Radar Applications
Authors: Himaja Makkapati , Sivasubramanian Yuvaraj 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel strategy for reducing mutual coupling and Radar Cross Section (RCS) in a 2 × 1 MIMO antenna system tailored for military radar applications. The proposed arrangement involves two identical radiators oppositely arranged with an H‐shaped strip placed between the radiators. A wide slot, stub projection, and frequency selective surface (FSS) are engraved on the backside. The overall dimension of the suggested system is 25 × 25 × 1.6 mm3, which resonates at 6.09 and 8.34 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 6.16 GHz from 2.95 to 9.11 GHz. The isolation (≤ −30 dB) is obtained by incorporating a wide slot and an H‐shaped strip between the radiators. A grid of miniature square slots is etched on the rear side of the antenna, leading to an additional enhancement in the isolation and monostatic RCS reduction by more than 25 dB. The diversity gain (DG) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) are also examined for the suggested antenna to validate its diversity performance. The congruence between the validated and simulated results is remarkably strong, rendering it a fitting choice for military and airborne devices/applications operating within the C and X bands.
Scanning K‐edge subtraction (SKES) imaging with laser‐compton x‐ray sources
Authors: Reutershan Trevor , Nguyen Christine V. , Effarah Haytham H. , Nelson Eric C. , Chesnut Kyle D. , Barty Christopher P. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundK‐edge subtraction (KES) imaging is a dual‐energy imaging technique that enhances contrast by subtracting images taken with x‐rays that are above and below the K‐edge energy of a specified contrast agent. The resulting reconstruction spatially identifies where the contrast agent accumulates, even when obscured by complex and heterogeneous distributions of human tissue. This method is most successful when x‐ray sources are quasimonoenergetic and tunable, conditions that have traditionally only been met at synchrotrons. Laser‐Compton x‐ray sources (LCSs) are a compact alternative to synchrotron radiation with a quasimonoenergetic x‐ray spectrum. One limitation in the clinical application of KES imaging with LCSs has been the extensive time required to tune the x‐ray spectrum to two different energies.PurposeWe introduce an imaging technique called scanning K‐edge subtraction (SKES) that leverages the angle‐correlated laser‐Compton x‐ray spectrum in the setting of mammography. The feasibility and utility of this technique will be evaluated through a series of simulation studies. The goal of SKES imaging is to enable rapid K‐edge subtraction imaging using a laser‐Compton x‐ray source. The technique does not rely on the time‐consuming process of tuning laser‐Compton interaction parameters.MethodsLaser‐Compton interaction physics are modeled using conditions based on an X‐band linear electron accelerator architecture currently under development using a combination of 3D particle tracking software and Mathematica. The resulting angle‐correlated laser‐Compton x‐ray beam is propagated through digitally compressed breast phantoms containing iodine contrast‐enhanced inserts and then to a digital flat‐panel detector using a Matlab Monte Carlo propagation software. This scanning acquisition technique is compared to the direct energy tuning method (DET), as well as to a clinically available dual‐energy contrast‐enhanced mammography (CEM) system.ResultsKES imaging in a scanning configuration using an LCS was able to generate a KES image of comparable quality to the direct energy tuning method. SKES was able to detect tumors with iodine contrast concentrations lower than what is clinically available today including lesions that are typically obscured by dense fibroglandular tissue. After normalizing to mean glandular dose, SKES is able to generate a KES image with equal contrast to CEM using only 3% of the dose.ConclusionsBy leveraging the unique quasimonochromatic and angle‐correlated x‐ray spectrum offered by LCSs, a contrast‐enhanced subtraction image can be obtained with significantly more contrast and less dose compared to conventional systems, and improve tumor detection in patients with dense breast tissue. The scanning configuration of this technique could accelerate the clinical translation of this technology.
Communicating a Pediatric Leukemia Diagnosis to a Child and Their Family: A Qualitative Study into Oncologists’ Perspectives
Authors: Buursma Petra , Schepers Sasja A. , Zwerus Daniël , Alkirawan Rima , van den Bergh Esther M. M. , Dors Natasja , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Kars Marijke C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA pediatric cancer diagnosis is overwhelming and stressful for the whole family. Patient‐centered communication during the diagnostic conversation can support medical and psychosocial adaptation to the disease. Treatment of pediatric leukemia has become increasingly complex and requires a specific skillset from clinicians in effectively conveying information to families. The objective of the current study was to gain insight in the experiences and perspectives of pediatric oncologists when communicating leukemia diagnoses to families.ProcedureIn this exploratory qualitative study, oncologists were eligible to participate for each diagnostic conversation between May 2022 and February 2023 of families participating in a larger study. Twenty‐six semi‐structed interviews with 16 oncologists were thematically analyzed.ResultsTwo interrelated conversational goals were identified: (i) informing the family about the illness, prognosis, and treatment; and (ii) creating trust and comfort for the family implying they are in the right place for maximal chance of survival. Oncologists experienced a challenge in balancing a high amount of information provision in a short timespan with simultaneously monitoring the (emotional) capacity and needs of the family to process information. Remarkably, oncologists commonly seem to rely on intuition to guide the family through the diagnostic conversation. They mentioned to sometimes postpone answering to family‐specific informational needs and prioritized information they assume to be more helpful for the family at that time.ConclusionsDuring diagnostic conversations, oncologists aim to convey information they assume supports the needs of the family. Future research should investigate how these communication strategies are perceived by families.
Ecdysteroids in Native Trees and Callus Cultures of the Genus Vitex L. of the Flora of Russia and Vietnam
Authors: Volodin V. V. , Volodina S. O. , Nekrasova E. V. , Loan Vu Thi , Serebryakov E. B. , Frolova D. A. , Ufimtsev K. G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionVitex L. is a large genus of tropical and subtropical trees used in medicine of many nations. Some species are used in gynecology due to flavonoids, iridoids, and diterpenes. Other species were shown to contain ecdysteroids and are used as tonic remedies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate content and patterns of distribution of ecdysteroids in native trees and their accumulation in in vitro cell cultures as potential biotechnological agents of Vitex species growing in remote flora of Russia and Vietnam.MethodologyTargeted UPLC‐MS/MS was used for the quantitation of the ecdysteroids in samples of plants and callus cultures of Vitex species. Determination of nucleotide sequences was carried out on ABI PRISM 3730xl sequencer. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega v.7.0.ResultsSamples of Vitex agnus‐castus L. from Russian Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, as well as samples of nine species of Vitex from Vietnam were collected for ecdysteroids quantification. Relationships between the content of ecdysteroids and the systematic position of the Vitex species were shown.ConclusionsHigher levels of ecdysteroids were revealed in different plant parts of Vitex canescens Kurz, Vitex pinnata L., Vitex quinata (Lour.) F.N.Williams, and Vitex tripinnata (Lour.) Merr. It has been established that species rich in ecdysteroids, as well as those containing trace amount of ecdysteroids (V. agnus‐castus L., Vitex negundo L., and Vitex rotundifolia L.f.) are grouped in certain clades isolated from each other on the molecular phylogenetic tree of the genus. The most promising raw materials are the young leaves of V. tripinnata (8562 μg/g of dry biomass), as well as the bark of V. canescens (16,520 μg/g) and V. quinata (19,130 μg/g). The bark of V. canescens could be a good source of turkesterone (11α‐oxyecdysteroid) that has pronounced pharmacological effects. Its content reaches up to 1400 μg/g in the bark. Discovering ability of callus cultures for synthesis of ecdysteroids allows us to outline experimental ways to increase the level of ecdysteroid biosynthesis in biotechnological systems as alternative source of ecdysteroids.
Real‐time product weight estimation based on internal pressure monitoring in injection molding
Authors: Horváth Szabolcs , Kovács József Gábor 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we investigate a novel method for determining product weight based on cavity pressure, measured by internal sensors integrated into the mold. The ultimate goal is to find a model that is better than the linear expressions in the literature based on the cavity pressure integral. We conducted experiments using different materials (ABS and PP) to assess the effects of holding pressure and time on product weight. The relationship between product weight, the pressure integral, and holding pressure was modeled with a saturation curve. This way, the maximum product weight achievable with holding pressure can be predicted. This method represents a significant advancement in quality control during injection molding, as product weight can be predicted within the production cycle before product ejection.
Multifunctional Waterproof Hydrogels Based on Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles for Burn Wound Healing
Authors: Wu Jie , Dai Lei , Zhao Limei , Wan Shufan , Jiang Yiyun , Zou Bin , Su Jiangtao , Sun Hongmei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBurn wounds care and healing are very difficult in clinic. Herein, a multifunctional waterproof hydrogel was fabricated with photothermal antimicrobial and NO anti‐inflammatory properties. In the as‐prepared hydrogel, polyethyleneimine (PEI) and thioctic acid (TA) were cross‐linked by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding while the aggregation of TA could be favor to the formation of hydrophobic caves. Benefit from the caves, CuS and BNN6 (N, N′‐dibutyl‐N, N′‐dinitroso‐1,4‐phenylenediamine) could be incorporated in the PEI/TA‐based hydrogel while the air permeability of the hydrogel could also be increased. Interestingly, the mild increased temperature from the photothermal conversion of CuS not only endowed the as‐prepared hydrogel with photothermal antimicrobial ability but also promoted the release of NO from BNN6. The as‐prepared PEI/TA/CuS/BNN6 hydrogel with good biocompatibility, self‐healing ability and water resistance was suitable for promoting burn wounds healing. It provides a new platform for designing novel wound dressing for burn wounds.