bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium falciparum myosins: Transcription and translation during asexual parasite development
Authors: Chaparro‐Olaya Jacqueline , Margos Gabriele , Coles Deborah J. , Dluzewski Anton R. , Mitchell Graham H. , Wasserman Moisés M. , Pinder Jennifer C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSix myosins genes are now annotated in the Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project. Malaria myosins have been named alphabetically; accordingly, we refer to the two latest additions as Pfmyo‐E and Pfmyo‐F. Both new myosins contain regions characteristic of the functional motor domain of “true” myosins and, unusually for P. falciparum myosins, Pfmyo‐F encodes two consensus IQ light chain‐binding motifs. Phylogenetic analysis of the 17 currently known apicomplexan myosins together with one representative of each myosin class clusters all but one of the apicomplexan sequences together in Class XIV. This refines the earlier definition of the Class XIV Subclasses XIVa and XIVb. RT‐PCR on blood stage parasite mRNA amplifies a specific product for all six myosins and each shows developmentally regulated transcription. Thus: Pfmyo‐A and Pfmyo‐B genes are transcribed throughout development; Pfmyo‐C is predominant in trophozoites; Pfmyo‐D occurs in trophozoites and schizonts; Pfmyo‐E though barely present in earlier stages is abundant in schizonts; Pfmyo‐F increases steadily throughout development and maturation. It is known that Pfmyo‐A and Pfmyo‐B are synthesised during late schizogony and we now show that Pfmyo‐D expression is also temporally regulated to late trophozoites and schizonts where it distributes close to segregating nuclei. Thus, in asexual stages myosin synthesis does not always parallel transcript accumulation, showing that translation is also regulated. The implication is that the mRNAs are either subjected to turnover, synthesised and degraded, or that they are sequestered in an inactivate form until required for protein synthesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 60:200–213, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapy‐related changes in body size in Hispanic children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Baillargeon Jacques , Langevin Anne‐Marie , Lewis Margaret , Grady James J. , Thomas Paul J. , Mullins Judith , Estrada Jaime , Pitney Aaron , Sacks Nancy , Pollock Brad H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to examine changes over time in body mass index (BMI) from diagnosis through chemotherapy for pediatric patients with B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODSThe study cohort consisted of 141 white Hispanic pediatric patients who were diagnosed with ALL and were treated at 2 South Texas pediatric oncology centers between 1993 and 2002. Changes in age‐standardized and gender‐standardized BMI scores were assessed.RESULTSThe study cohort exhibited a steady increase in age‐adjusted and gender‐adjusted BMI scores for the first 12 months of therapy, a modest increase in BMI scores during the 18–23 month and 24–29 month periods, followed by a slight decrease in BMI scores at 30 months (end of therapy). A repeated‐measures analysis indicated significant effects for time (P = 0.019) and time by baseline BMI category interaction (P = 0.0001) but no significant interaction effect between time and gender (P = 0.65).CONCLUSIONSAlthough it is known that leukemia therapy is associated with prevalent obesity in survivorship, its pattern of development during therapy has not been elucidated. In the current cohort of Hispanic children with ALL, BMI scores were elevated at diagnosis (mean ± standard deviation standardized BMI Z score, 0.33 ± 1.4), then increased, and remained elevated for the entire duration of chemotherapy. Patients who were classified as normal weight exhibited an increase in BMI over time; patients who were classified as overweight at diagnosis exhibited BMI patterns that were relatively stable; and patients who were classified as obese exhibited a very slight decline over time. These findings suggest that the risk for chemotherapy‐related weight gain applies predominantly to children who begin ALL therapy within a normal weight range. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The role of nitric oxide synthases and nitrotyrosine in retinoblastoma
Authors: Adithi Mohan , Nalini Venkatesan , Krishnakumar Subramanian 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo investigate the potential involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in retinoblastoma, the authors correlated immunoreactivity for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitrotyrosine (NT) with the degree of tumor invasiveness in retinoblastoma.METHODSeNOS, iNOS, and NT reactivity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 34 archival retinoblastoma specimens and in a human Y79 retinoblastoma cell line. The tumors were divided into 2 groups: Group A tumors (n = 17 tumors) with no invasion and Group B tumors (n = 17 tumors) with invasion of the choroid, optic nerve, and/or orbit. The expression levels of eNOS, iNOS, and NT were correlated with invasiveness of the tumors.RESULTSIn Group A tumors (n = 17 tumors) without invasion, eNOS was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%), iNOS was positive in 14 of 17 tumors (82%), and NT was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%). In Group B tumors (n = 17 tumors) with invasion, eNOS was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%), iNOS was positive in 16 of 17 tumors (94%), and NT was positive in 17 of 17 tumors (100%). The invasive cohort showed significantly higher expression of iNOS (P < 0.0001) and NT (P < 0.020) compared with the noninvasive cohort. Y79 cells also expressed eNOS, iNOS, and NT; and nonneoplastic retina was positive for eNOS, iNOS, and NT.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, the results suggested that retinoblastomas can produce NO. The roles of NO in the biology of retinoblastoma and in the prognosis for patients with retinoblastoma remain to be established. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Hebbian learning rule restraining catastrophic forgetting in pulse neural network
Authors: Motoki Makoto , Hamagami Tomoki , Koakutsu Seiichi , Hirata Hironori 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a Hebbian learning rule restraining “catastrophic forgetting” is proposed on a pulsed neural network (PNN) with leaky integrate‐and‐fire neurons. The strong point of this learning rule is that a learning of new pattern does not destroy past ones, and that an efficient use of synapses is enabled. First, in order to consider the function of the learning rule, a fundamental experiment is carried out. Next, to compare the performance between the proposed learning rule and conventional ones on the application, simulation experiments are examined using autonomous behavior robots which are forced to learn concurrently two different environments. The results of the experiments show that the proposed learning rule clearly restrains “catastrophic forgetting” and enables working of more efficient than conventional PNN learning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 50–60, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10343
PD time‐sequential properties of SF6 and SF6 gas mixture including CO2
Authors: Ohtsuka Shinya , Koumura Masaki , Eguchi Kazuhisa , Hikita Masayuki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with partial discharge (PD) time‐sequential properties of SF6/N2/CO2 ternary gas mixture as well as SF6 and SF6/N2 gas mixture under AC and positive DC voltage applications. The measurements were carried out by changing the gas pressure up to 0.6 MPa and applied voltage with the N‐shape characteristics of breakdown voltage versus gas pressure for each tested gas considered. We obtained experimental results of the gas pressure dependence of maximum peak value of PD current pulse as well as the relationship between the time interval of PD pulses and the peak value of PD pulse. We discuss the mechanism of increase in breakdown voltage by adding CO2 into SF6/N2 gas mixtures in terms of change of PD type from streamer to leader discharge. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 32–40, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20073
Cross‐species sperm‐FISH assays for chemical testing and assessing paternal risk for chromosomally abnormal pregnancies
Authors: Wyrobek Andrew J. , Schmid Thomas E. , Marchetti Francesco 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe father, like the mother, can transmit genetic defects to his offspring that are detrimental for normal development and a healthy life. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between several paternal exposures and abnormal reproductive outcomes, but these types of studies are inherently complex and expensive, and the risk factors for the paternal contribution to abnormal reproductive outcomes remain poorly understood. Several sensitive methods have been developed for detecting mutations and chromosomal damage directly in sperm. These assays are potential bioindicators for paternal risk factors for infertility, spontaneous abortions, aneuploidy syndromes, and genetic diseases in children. Among these methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been adapted for the detection of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in the sperm of an expanding number of species, including humans and rodents. Sperm FISH has identified several potential paternal risk factors such as age, drugs, lifestyles, and various environmental/occupational exposures. Here, we summarize the status of the development and usage of these sperm‐FISH assays and suggest strategies for prioritizing chemical agents for epidemiological investigations to assess paternal risk for abnormal reproductive outcome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural characterization of an artificial basement membrane produced by cultured keratinocytes
Authors: Inoue Sadayuki , Reinisch Christina , Tschachler Erwin , Eckhart Leopold 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA recent study in our laboratories on the growth of keratinocytes at the culture medium/air interface has led to the identification of a novel thin sheet‐like matrix that supports adherent cells. This novel matrix consists of components secreted by keratinocytes, including type IV collagen, and laminins 1 and 5, that self‐assembled to a membrane structure. In the present study, a detailed ultrastructural characterization of this membrane was done with high‐resolution electron microscopy after negative staining. The basic organization of the membrane was found to be a dense network of 8‐ to 10‐nm‐wide irregular rod‐like elements. High‐resolution examination and immunolabeling showed that type IV collagen filaments form the core of these elements, and other components including heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the form of 4.5‐ to 5‐nm‐wide ribbon‐like “double tracks” are aggregated around it. These detailed features of the membrane strikingly resembled those of the basement membrane in vivo. These ultrastructural similarities indicate that the membrane may also have basement membrane‐like functional properties, and suggest that it should be considered for testing in future medical applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 158–164, 2005
Effects of a laminin peptide (YIGSR) immobilized on crab‐tendon chitosan tubes on nerve regeneration
Authors: Itoh Soichiro , Matsuda Atsushi , Kobayashi Hisatoshi , Ichinose Shizuko , Shinomiya Kenichi , Tanaka Junzo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThiolated and nonthiolated hydroxyapatite‐coated crab‐tendon chitosan (t‐chitosan/HAp‐SH and t‐chitosan/HAp, respectively) tubes, both alone and conjugated with CDPGYIGSR (YIGSR) peptide, were compared, in order to determine their biocompatibility and efficacy as nerve conduits. YIGSR peptide was adsorbed on the t‐chitosan/HAp (HAp) tubes, and covalently bound on the t‐chitosan/HAp‐SH (HAp‐SH) tubes (Y/HAp and Y/HAp‐SH tubes, respectively). HAp, HAp‐SH, Y/HAp, or Y/HAp‐SH tubes measuring 15 mm were bridge grafted into the sciatic nerve of SD rats. Grafting of 15‐mm‐long Type I atelocollagen tubes and isografting of sciatic nerves were also carried out (N = 6 in each group). After 12 weeks, evoked muscle action potentials were recorded to calculate the terminal latency quotient. Histological observation and analysis of myelinated axons were also carried out. Nerve‐tissue regeneration did not occur directly on the tubes' surfaces in the YIGSR peptide‐unconjugated groups. Transplantation of YIGSR‐conjugated tubes, however, gave rise to regenerated nerve tissue attached to thin layers of epineurium‐like structure formed on the inner‐tube surface. Histological and electrophysiological analyses suggested that although thiolation retards nerve‐tissue regeneration, adsorbed YIGSR, and, to a lesser extent, peptide that had been covalently bound onto the tube surfaces, enhance nerve regeneration, promoting sprouting from the proximal nerve stump and bridging of regenerated axons throughout the tube. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater
βPix‐a enhances the activity of phospholipase Cγ1 by binding SH3 domain in breast cancer
Authors: Bae Ji‐Yeon , Ahn Soo‐Jung , Lee Jeong Eon , Kim Jung‐Eun , Han Mi‐Ryung , Han Wonshik , Kim Seok Won , Shin Hyuk Jai , Lee Seung Joon , Park Dongeun , Noh Dong‐Young 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPhospholipase C‐γ1 (PLCγ1) plays a critical role in cell growth and proliferation by generating the second messengers, diacylglycerol and 1, 4, 5‐inositol triphosphate. To investigate the roles of Src homology domain 2 and domain 3 of PLCγ1 in PLCγ1‐mediated cell signaling, we characterized some proteins binding to these domains in the MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. Of the several proteins that bind to glutathione‐S‐transferase‐SH2/SH2/SH3, we identified an 85 kDa protein that binds to the SH3 domain of PLCγ1 as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, p21‐activated protein kinase‐interacting exchange factor‐a (βPix‐a). βPix‐a co‐immunoprecipitated with PLCγ1 in breast cancer tissues extracts and in MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell extracts. In addition, PDGF‐stimulated PLCγ1 activity was elevated in βPix‐a‐overexpressing NIH3T3 cells. Our results suggest that βPix‐a binds to the Src homology domain 3 of PLCγ1 and promotes tumor growth in breast cancer by enhancing the activity PLCγ1. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 1010–1016, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bikunin down‐regulates heterodimerization between CD44 and growth factor receptors and subsequently suppresses agonist‐mediated signaling
Authors: Wakahara Kiyoshi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yagyu Tatsuo , Matsuzaki Hidenori , Kondo Toshiharu , Kurita Noriyuki , Sekino Hideo , Inagaki Kiyokazu , Suzuki Mika , Kanayama Naohiro , Terao Toshihiko 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe provided evidence previously that bikunin, a Kunitz‐type protease inhibitor, can disrupt dimerization of CD44 proteins, which may result in suppression of receptor‐mediated MAP kinase signaling. However, to what extent dimerization may alter ligand‐induced signaling has not been documented. Given the recent recognition that some growth factor receptors can form heterodimers with CD44, the present study was undertaken to determine whether the CD44 and growth factor receptors (e.g., EGFR, FGFR, HGFR, VEGFR, TGF‐βRI, or TGF‐βRII) can form heterodimers in cancer cells and, if so, to investigate the potential functional consequences of such heterodimerization. We also examined whether bikunin can abrogate these heterodimerizations and inhibit CD44/growth factor‐dependent signaling. Here, we show direct evidence for heterodimerization of CD44–FGFR and CD44‐TGF‐βRI in human chondrosarcoma HCS‐2/8 cells, CD44–EGFR complex in human glioma U87MG cells, and CD44–TGF‐βRI heterodimer in human ovarian cancer HRA cells. Coupling of CD44 and growth factor receptor may be selective, depending on a cell type. Bikunin does not alter the ligand binding, whereas functionally reduces heterodimerization between CD44 and growth factor receptors. The disruption of heterodimerization substantially reduces receptor‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation. Taken together, our data suggest that bikunin‐mediated suppression of heterodimerization between CD44 and growth factors may inhibit the agonist‐promoted activation of the signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 995–1009, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SarCNU‐induced G2/M arrest in hepatoma cells is mediated by a p53‐independent phosphorylation of cdc‐2 at Tyr15
Authors: Hung Huynh , Pierce Chow Kad Hoe , Chee Soo Khee , Lawrence Panasci , Hung Nguyen Thanh 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem in the Asia‐Pacific region, with high incidence and mortality rate. There is currently no effective treatment for inoperable cases that represent the vast majority of patients. In the present study, we report that in vitro treatment of primary hepatoma, HepG2 (wild‐type p53), PLC/PRF/5 (p53‐mutant), and Hep3B (p53‐deleted) cells with 2‐chloroethyl‐3‐sarcosinamide‐1‐nitrosourea (SarCNU) resulted in upregulation of p53, p21Cip1/Waf1, phosphorylated cdc‐2 at Tyr15 in wild‐type p53 cells and phosphorylation of cdc‐2 at Tyr15 in p53‐mutant or p53‐deleted hepatoma cells. This was accompanied by the reduction in cdc‐2 kinase activity and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These findings indicate that SarCNU‐induced G2/M growth arrest in hepatoma cells by a p53‐independent phosphorylation of cdc‐2. Our data suggest the potential use of SarCNU in treatment of HCC. © 2005 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.
Sorption characteristics of heavy metal ions by a natural zeolite
Authors: Cabrera Camilo , Gabaldón Carmen , Marzal Paula 
Published: March 2005

AbstractZeolites have been shown to be effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. A natural material from Cuba, containing zeolite, has been used for the removal of several metal ions, namely Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+, to evaluate its potential use as a low‐cost adsorbent. Batch experiments have been conducted to evaluate the process kinetics and the removal equilibrium at different pH values, metal and zeolite concentrations. Pseudo‐second order kinetics and Freundlich equilibrium parameters have been obtained. Results suggested that this natural zeolite has a high potential for heavy metal retention. The selectivity of the studied metals was determined as Cu2+ ≫ Zn2+ > Ni2+, related to the first hydrolysis equilibrium constant. The metal removal efficacy was strongly dependent on pH, and to a lesser extent on metal/zeolite ratio. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of prefermentative maceration temperature on the colour and the phenolic and volatile composition of rosé wines
Authors: Salinas M Rosario , Garijo José , Pardo Francisco , Zalacain Amaya , Alonso Gonzalo L 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPrefermentative maceration for 8 h at 5, 10 and 15 °C was used to make rosé wines, and changes in their colour (colour intensity (CI), tone and CIELAB parameters), phenolic compounds (classic indices and individual compounds) and volatile compounds (major and minor) were monitored from the must stage to wines until 6 months after bottling. The 15 °C maceration temperature provided wines with the highest CI, a* and C* values, the greatest malvidin‐3‐glucoside content and the lowest alcohol and ethyl acetate levels. Only in these wines were terpenols released after 6 months in the bottle. The wines produced at 5 °C had the highest ester levels, which also remained more stable during storage. When using maceration temperature as the differentiating variable in a discriminant analysis, volatile compounds were important contributors. However, colour and phenolic compound parameters were important when sampling time was used as the differentiating variable. The best scoring wines in an informal sensory evaluation test were those subjected to 15 °C maceration, while the least appreciated were those macerated at 5 °C. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of nutritive value of cereal and legume straws based on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility
Authors: López Secundino , Davies David R , Giráldez F Javier , Dhanoa MS , Dijkstra Jan , France James 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe nutritive value of 17 straws was determined on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics (from gas production curves measured in vitro). Five roughages were from the cereal species Avena sativa (oat), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Zea mays (maize stover). The other 12 samples were legume straws, two samples from each of the species Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Lens culinaris (lentil) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and one sample from each of the species Lathyrus sativus (chickling vetch), Lupinus albus (white lupin), Pisum sativum (field pea), Vicia articulata (one‐flowered vetch), Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) and Vicia sativa (common vetch). All samples were collected after harvesting from different farms located in León (northwestern Spain). Based on their chemical composition, digestibility and gas production characteristics, species could be clustered into two groups with a significant linkage distance, one for cereal straws that merged at a level of similarity of 80% and the other for legume straws with a degree of similarity of 50%. Species varied widely and significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the two groups of straws. Legume straws showed higher crude protein (74 ± 6.1 vs 29 ± 2.2 g kg−1 DM) and lower fibre (584 ± 18.1 vs 793 ± 27.5 g neutral detergent fibre kg−1 DM) contents than cereal straws and, consequently, DM digestibility coefficients (0.670 vs 0.609; standard error of difference 0.0054) and metabolisable energy values (7.4 ± 0.15 vs 5.7 ± 0.24 MJ kg−1 DM) were significantly greater in legume than in cereal straws. Although there were noticeable differences among species within each botanical family, legume straws showed better nutritional quality than cereal straws, indicating that they could be considered promising and interesting sources of roughage for incorporation into ruminant diets. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant activity and characterization of volatile constituents of beechwood creosote
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Geun , Lee Sung‐Eun , Takeoka Gary R , Kim Jeong‐Han , Park Byeoung‐Soo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVolatile constituents of beechwood creosote were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The major volatile constituents of creosote were 2‐methoxyphenol (guaiacol; 25.2%) 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (4‐methylguaiacol; 21.4%), 3‐methylphenol (m‐cresol; 8.3%) 4‐methylphenol (p‐cresol; 7.9%) 2‐methylphenol (o‐cresol; 4.6%) and phenol (2.8%). The antioxidant activity of creosote was evaluated by three different chemical assays. Beechwood creosote exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxides (from methyl linoleate) at concentrations of 500, 750 and 1000 µg ml−1. Creosote had a potent inhibitory effect on the oxidation of hexanal for 40 days at a level of 5 µg ml−1 and also inhibited malonaldehyde (MA) formation from ethyl arachidonate by 92% at a level of 50 µg ml−1. The antioxidative activity of creosote was comparable with that of the well‐known antioxidants α‐tocopherol and BHT in the hexanal assay. However, creosote displayed comparatively lower antioxidant activity in the other two assays. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry