bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English language proficiency standards aligned with content standards: How the Next Generation Science Standards and WIDA 2020 reflect each other
Authors: Lee Okhee , Grapin Scott 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) provide a vision for contemporary science education with all students, including the fast‐growing population of multilingual learners in the United States K‐12 context. The shifts heralded by the NGSS have resulted in significant changes to English language proficiency (ELP) or English language development (ELD) standards so they better align with content standards and support all students, including multilingual learners, to engage in language‐rich disciplinary practices (e.g., arguing from evidence). The purpose of this article is to describe ELP/ELD standards aligned with content standards. Specifically, we describe how the policy initiatives of the NGSS as science standards and WIDA 2020 as ELP/ELD standards reflect each other in terms of conceptual foundations and architecture of the standards guiding classroom practices. By becoming more explicitly aware of how science standards and language standards present “mirror images” of each other, science educators will be better positioned to collaborate with their language education colleagues. As this article is intended to engage science educators who are generally familiar with the NGSS but likely new to ELP/ELD standards, we describe WIDA 2020 in detail and in ways accessible to a broad audience. In doing so, we aim to ensure the science education and language education communities are coordinated in their efforts to promote equitable science learning for all students, including multilingual learners. We close with implications for research, policy, and practice through collaboration between science education (as well as other content areas) and language education.
Bacterial Structure‐Inspired Synthesis of Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Activated Artificial Enzyme toward Photothermal Enhanced Chemodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Youwen , Tang Nailing , Zhao Ting , Gao Feng , Teng Xiaotong , Xu Longwu , Zhao Chunzhen , Li Wenjing , Tan Wei , Zhou Baolong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBacteria therapy, using large sizes bacteria equipped with flagella, could easily penetrate the tumor tissue, exerting amazing effects. Inspired by this, carbon nanotubes‐assisted strategy, using CNTs to simulate the flagella of bacteria, is developed to improve the ability of vector to enter the cell. Via bionics, tumor microenvironment (TME) specific‐activated composite photothermal/Fenton enzyme (PZCo‐800) reacted selectively on the tumor sites was developed via direct pyrolysis of a Co‐Porphyrin‐based conjugated porous polymer (CMP) coated zeolitic‐imidazolate‐framework (ZIF‐8) hybrid. Carbonization caused the formation of flagella‐like CNTs, improving the ability of particles entering the cancer cells. PZCo‐800 utilized the acidic and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to initiate the Fenton‐like reaction (CDT), producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumor cells. Additionally, under laser irradiation (638 nm), the heat generated by PZCo‐800 offered a prominent photothermal therapy (PTT) boosting the Fenton‐like therapeutic effect. Both in vitro and in vivo assays verified the PTT and CDT worked collaboratively with a remarkable inhabitation of 81.17 % on tumor growth, far outperforming the monomodal CDT and PTT. This microenvironment activated artificial enzyme enabled safe and reliable cancer combination therapy.
Photoreduction of Aqueous Protons Coupling with Alcohol Oxidation on a S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst MnO/Carbon Nitride
Authors: Hu Xuelian , Xu Yangsen , Tang Shuang , Shi Wenwu , Wang Xinzhong , Yu Yu‐Xiang , Zhang Wei‐De 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrystalline carbon nitride (CCN), derived from amorphous polymeric CN, is considered as a new generation of metal‐free photocatalyst because of its high crystallinity. In order to further promote the photocatalytic performance of CCN, p‐type MnO nanoparticles are in situ synthesized and merged with n‐type CCN through a one‐pot process to form p–n heterojunction. The formed interfacial electric field between the semiconductors with different work functions efficiently breaks the coulomb interaction between MnO and CCN. The prepared catalysts exhibit drastically increased photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) activity integrated with oxidation of alkyl and aryl alcohols under irradiation of visible light. In the aqueous solution of benzyl alcohol (BzOH), the hydrogen generation rate over MnO/CCN (39.58 µmol h−1) is nearly 7 times and 37 times that of pure CCN (5.76 µmol h−1) and CN (1.06 µmol h−1), respectively, combining with oxidation of BzOH to benzaldehyde. This work proposes an avenue for in situ construction of a novel 2D material‐based S‐scheme heterojunction and extends its application in solar energy conservation and utilization.
Weak‐Water‐Coordination Electrolyte to Stabilize Zinc Anode Interface for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chunxin , Wang Huibo , Chen Shuwei , Bai Zhengshuai , Zhu Mengyu , Wang Huicai , Chen Danling , Ren Zejia , Chen Shi , Tang Yuxin , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe performance of zinc‐ion batteries is severely hindered by the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and the severe side reactions on the zinc anode interface. To address these challenges, a weak‐water‐coordination electrolyte is realized in a peptone‐ZnSO4‐based electrolyte to simultaneously regulate the solvation structure and the interfacial environment. The peptone molecules have stronger interaction with Zn2+ ions than with water molecules, making them more prone to coordinate with Zn2+ ions and then reducing the active water in the solvated sheath. Meantime, the peptone molecules selectively adsorb on the Zn metal surface, and then are reduced to form a stable solid‐electrolyte interface layer that can facilitate uniform and dense Zn deposition to inhabit the dendritic growth. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell can exhibit exceptional cycling performance over 3200 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2 in the peptone‐ZnSO4‐based electrolyte. Moreover, when coupled with a Na2V6O16·3H2O cathode, the cell exhibits a long lifespan of 3000 cycles and maintains a high capacity retention rate of 84.3% at 5.0 A g−1. This study presents an effective approach for enabling simultaneous regulation of the solvation structure and interfacial environment to design a highly reversible Zn anode.
Tests and finite element modeling of concrete beams reinforced with reused steel bars
Authors: Attia Mohammed M. , Abdelsalam Bassam Abdelsalam , Eita M. A. , Ahmed Mizan , Liang Qing Quan , Rageh Basem O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental study and finite element modeling of the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with reused steel bars as longitudinal reinforcements. The experimental program and results of eight reinforced concrete (RC) beams constructed with and without reused steel bars are described in detail. The replacement percentages of brand‐new bars with reused steel bars in the tested beams were 50% and 100%. The reused steel bars were coated with and without epoxy. Steel fibers with fractions of 0.5% and 1.0% of the concrete volume were added to the concrete mixes. The load‐deflection relationship, ductility index, toughness, and failure modes of the tested beams are presented and discussed. It is shown that utilizing reused steel bars decreases the ultimate load of RC beams but increases their deflection at the ultimate load compared with the control beam. Increasing the steel fiber ratio increases the ultimate load and the deflection at the ultimate load of RC beams incorporating reused steel bars. However, the zinc‐rich epoxy used to coat the reused steel bars does not affect the behavior of the beams. Three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) models of the tested beams were developed using ABAQUS and validated against the test results. The developed FE models are capable of accurately simulating the experimentally observed behavior of RC beams with reused steel bars.
Early stakeholder modeling and analysis: New mobility services (Product Service Systems of Systems)
Authors: Fakhfakh Sarra , Jankovic Marija , Hein Andreas M. , Chazal Yann 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping new mobility services such as electric vehicles and autonomous vehicles services requires not only the interaction and interoperation of independent systems such as electric vehicles, electric infrastructure, or off‐board servers, but also the collaboration of independent business partners, namely, car manufacturers, energy providers, and service providers, developing, managing and operating these systems. Such services show both Product Service Systems and Systems of Systems characteristics and, as such, can be defined as Product‐Service Systems of Systems. While extensive literature exists on developing and managing PSS product and service elements and SoS constituent systems, little research explicitly focuses on PSSoS stakeholders. In particular, the analysis of PSSoS stakeholder business partnerships and involvement in PSSoS development. PSSoS development is seen as the development, operation, and management of constituent systems. This paper contributes to addressing this gap and proposes an approach to manage stakeholder participation in the PSSoS business partnership and PSSoS development.
Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim Z. , Qekwana Daniel N. , Naidoo Vinny 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem largely due to the overuse of antimicrobials. In recognition of this, the World Health Assembly in 2015 agreed on a global action plan to tackle AMR. Following the global emergence of the mcr‐1‐associated colistin resistance gene in the livestock industry in 2016, several countries including South Africa restricted the veterinary use of colistin as the gene threatens the clinical utility of the drug. This study is a follow‐up to the restriction in place in order to evaluate the impact of such policy adoption.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of antibacterial resistance (ABR), and the mcr‐1 colistin resistance gene in broiler chicken over a 2‐year period, as a follow‐up to the veterinary ban on colistin use in South Africa.MethodsA total of 520 swab samples were obtained during 2019 (March–April) and 2020 (February–March), from healthy broiler chicken carcasses (n = 20) and chicken droppings in transport crates (n = 20) at various poultry abattoirs (N = 7) in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Escherichia coli organisms were isolated and subjected to a panel of 24 antibacterials using the MicroScan machine. Screening for mcr‐1 colistin resistance gene was undertaken using PCR.ResultFour hundred and thirty‐eight (438) E. coli strains were recovered and none demonstrated phenotypic resistance towards colistin, amikacin, carbapenems, tigecycline and piperacillin/tazobactam. The mcr‐1 gene was not detected in any of the isolates tested. Resistances to the aminoglycosides (0%–9.8%) and fluoroquinolones (0%–18.9%) were generally low. Resistances to ampicillin (32%–39.3%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (30.6%–3.6%) were fairly high. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in cephalosporins and cephamycin resistance was noted in the year 2020 (February–March) when compared with the year 2019 (March–April).ConclusionThe absence of mcr‐1 gene and colistin resistance suggests that mitigation strategies adopted were effective and clearly demonstrated the significance of regulatory interventions in reducing resistance to critical drugs. Despite the drawback in regulatory framework such as free farmers access to antimicrobials OTC and a dual registration system in place, there is a general decline in the prevalence of ABR when the present data are compared with the last national veterinary surveillance on AMR (SANVAD 2007). To further drive resistance down, mitigation strategies should focus on strengthening regulatory framework, the withdrawal of OTC dispensing of antimicrobials, capping volumes of antimicrobials, banning growth promoters and investing on routine surveillance/monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial consumption.
Orthognathic surgery to improve malocclusion in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Steenkamp Gerhard , Hoogendijk Christiaan Fritz , Ruiz Jose Carlos Almansa , Koeppel Katja 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMalocclusion is a common finding in both companion animals and humans due to dental or maxillofacial discrepancies. Treatment depends on the complications and the species it presents in. In humans, orthognathic surgery is commonly performed to address skeletal malocclusions. A male chimpanzee born in 2002 and orphaned due to the bush meat pet trade was rescued in 2010 by Chimp Eden, a chimpanzee sanctuary. In 2017, it presented with inappetence and weight loss of 6‐month duration. After a computed tomography scan was performed and full mouth impressions were made, a diagnosis of asymmetry of the mandible with the left side markedly shorter and rotated along its long axis was made (malocclusion class IV in a side‐to‐side direction). A bilateral sagittal split operation was performed to correct the malocclusion and improve its feeding. At the time of writing this report, it was eating freely and no complications were seen on multiple post‐operative radiographs.
Traumatic hip luxation in an orange‐spined hairy dwarf porcupine (Sphiggurus villosus)
Authors: Fischer Borges Mariana , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Baldissera Raphael Augusto , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline , Teixeira Carlos Roberto 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA free‐ranging adult, 1.59‐kg, female orange‐spined hairy dwarf porcupine (Sphiggurus villosus) was presented due to inability to locomotion. Ventrodorsal and lateral radiographs of the pelvis showed craniodorsal luxation of the right hip joint, and ischial fracture on the left side. Femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed, but the lesser trochanter was preserved. At the final evaluation, 2 months after the surgery, the porcupine showed full weight‐bearing on the right hindlimb, with no signs of lameness. Range of motion of the hip joints showed a decrease in the right hip joint, but crepitation was not observed in palpation. On radiographs, no bony proliferation was seen along the osteotomy line or in the area of the lesser trochanter, and the right and left trochanter were on the same level. The animal was released back into its natural habitat.
Fossil fuels, stranded assets, and the energy transition in the Global South: A systematic literature review
Authors: Heras Augusto , Gupta Joyeeta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComplying with the Paris Agreement on Climate Change requires leaving fossil fuels underground (LFFU), which raises justice issues regarding the Global South and its energy transition. The literature is scattered with no review papers on the challenges of LFFU in the Global South, hence we ask: What can be learnt from reviewing the scholarship on the Global South's energy transition, focusing on LFFU and the issue of stranded resources and assets? Our review reveals: (a) renewable investments in the Global South are relatively low for the scale of change needed, and such renewable deployment is more additive than substitutive. Nonetheless, there is potential for the Global South to leapfrog; (b) literature on LFFU in the Global South is limited, and much of it focuses on subsidies. However, developing countries might include stranded assets in their accounting, making LFFU appealing; (c) the Right to Development influences the energy transition's governance and justice issues: limited governance hampers LFFU, while understudied power dynamics shape transition's political economies. However, a global and multilevel just transition may have the potential to achieve LFFU. Thus, the literature overlooks (i) the dilemmas of stranded resources and assets from a developing country perspective and the implications in terms of equity, development, and climate change impacts; and (ii) the underlying power dynamics. Future research should investigate energy leapfrogging viability, critically assess renewables' additive rather than substitutive character in the Global South, and better identify the constraints to an inclusive energy transition, posed by North–South power dynamics and FF incumbents.This article is categorized under:Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Wave analysis in porous thermoelastic plate with microtemperature
Authors: Rani Pooja , Kumar Rajneesh , Partap Geeta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the current study, wave analysis in porous thermoelastic plates with microtemperature subject to insulated or isothermal boundaries is the main focus. The governing equations, after expressing for the two‐dimensional case, are converted into nondimensional quantities. For further simplification, potential functions have been used. The normal mode analysis technique is applied to solve the problem. This technique is an influential methodology that furnishes suitable solutions with no presumed limitations. For stress‐free insulated, or isothermal boundaries, the frequency equations for symmetric and skew‐symmetric modes of wave propagation are derived. The attributes of waves (phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss, and penetration depth) are computed numerically and presented graphically to show the impacts of porosity and microtemperature. Particular cases of porous thermoelastic plates and thermoelastic plates with microtemperatures are presented. The present problem provides a theoretical foundation for the design and development of new composite materials and surface acoustic devices.
The proper timing of Atoh1 expression is pivotal for hair cell subtype differentiation and the establishment of inner ear function
Authors: You Dan , Ni Wenli , Huang Yikang , Zhou Qin , Zhang Yanping , Jiang Tao , Chen Yan , Li Wenyan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtoh1 overexpression is essential for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the sensory epithelium of mammalian auditory and vestibular organs. However, Atoh1 overexpression alone cannot induce fully mature and functional HCs in the mammalian inner ear. In the current study, we investigated the effect of Atoh1 constitutive overexpression in native HCs by manipulating Atoh1 expression at different developmental stages. We demonstrated that constitutive overexpression of Atoh1 in native vestibular HCs did not affect cell survival but did impair vestibular function by interfering with the subtype differentiation of HCs and hair bundle development. In contrast, Atoh1 overexpression in cochlear HCs impeded their maturation, eventually leading to gradual HC loss in the cochlea and hearing dysfunction. Our study suggests that time-restricted Atoh1 expression is essential for the differentiation and survival of HCs in the inner ear, and this is pivotal for both hearing and vestibular function re-establishment through Atoh1 overexpression-induced HC regeneration strategies.
Applying additional autologous platelet‐rich fibrin matrix or serial platelet‐rich plasma to microfracture technique increases the quality of the repaired cartilage
Authors: Balta Orhan , Kurnaz Recep 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the effects of biological adjuvants (platelet‐rich plasma, platelet‐rich fibrin matrix) and microfracture technique individually and in combination on full thickness chondral defects in a rabbit model.MethodsA total of 60 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into six groups according to treatment modality as follows: control (C), microfracture (MF), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), platelet‐rich fibrin matrix (PRFM), platelet‐rich fibrin matrix after microfracture (MF + PRFM) and platelet‐rich plasma after microfracture (MF + PRP) groups. The cartilage repair tissue was assessed histologically via International Cartilage Repair Score (ICRS) and macroscopically via ICRS macroscopic assessment scale.ResultsIt was shown that overall macroscopic scores of the groups with MF were higher than those of the groups without MF. The cell morphology observed in the defect areas was mostly characterized with non‐chondrocyte cells in the groups without MF, whereas chondrocyte cells mostly prevailed in the groups with MF. There was a greater integration through the cartilage‐like tissue in the MF + PRP and MF + PRFM groups. The control group showed either fissures or fissures partially filled with fibrous tissue. When the groups were individually examined, there were statistically significant differences between the control and MF groups (p = 0.002), between the control and MF + PRFM groups (p = 0.001), between the control and MF + PRP groups (p < 0.001), between the PRFM and MF + PRFM groups (p = 0.014) and between the PRFM and MF + PRP (p = 0.023) groups in terms of histological evaluation scores.ConclusionThe application of PRP and PRFM in combination with MF treatment exhibited a positive impact on the repair and restoration of cartilage, and produced better outcomes than the individual use of PRP and PRFM. Nevertheless, in the treatment of full thickness chondral defects, the use of PRFM injection is recommended, which is performed intraoperatively at a single time and with no difficulty of repeating after surgery, instead of serial PRP injections based on the macroscopic and histological results obtained in the present study indicating that there was no significant difference between the use of these two adjuvants.
Static and dynamic inefficiencies in an optimizing model of epidemics
Authors: Garibaldi Pietro , Moen Espen R. , Pissarides Christopher A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeveral externalities arise when agents shield optimally to avoid infection during an epidemic. We classify externalities into static and dynamic and compare the decentralized and optimal solutions when agents derive utility from social interaction. For low infection costs agents shield too little; for high costs they shield too much because of a “rat race to shield”: they delay social action until other agents contract the disease and society reaches herd immunity. Other externalities drive more wedges between the private and social outcomes. The expectation of a fully effective vaccine that ends the disease faster changes results, reversing excessive shielding.