bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple cavity-enhanced laser-based heater for reflective samples
Authors: Golibrzuch Kai , Wodtke Alec M. 
Published: January 2025

Surface science instruments require excellent vacuum to ensure surface cleanliness; they also require control of sample temperature, both to clean the surface of contaminants and to control reaction rates at the surface, for example, for molecular beam epitaxy and studies of heterogeneous catalysis. Standard approaches to sample heating within high vacuum chambers involve passing current through filaments of refractory metals, which then heat the sample by convective, radiative, or electron bombardment induced heat transfer. Such hot filament methods lead to outgassing of molecules from neighboring materials that are inadvertently heated; they also produce electrons and ions that may interfere with other aspects of the surface science experiment. Hot filaments may even disintegrate when used in the presence of gases introduced to induce surface reactions on the sample. Optical heating using lasers can deliver energy directly to the sample, ensuring that only the sample is heated and surroundings within the vacuum chamber are not, while simultaneously eliminating the need for hot filaments. Despite this advantage, optical heating is not commonly employed—such methods are considered complex, expensive, and unreliable. More fundamentally, surface scientists are often interested in metallic samples, whose reflectivity may limit the efficiency of laser heating. In this paper, we describe a simple and inexpensive sample heater based on a commercial diode laser, whose heating efficiency is enhanced by a concave aluminum mirror placed behind the sample. The geometry of the reflector and sample ensures that a stable optical cavity is produced. Using only 26 W of laser power directed to the sample with a fiber optic, a 1-cm diameter × 2-mm thick Pt sample could be heated to 1400 K within 1 min. Excellent programmable temperature control and long-term temperature stability are also demonstrated. Sample heating to 900 °C was performed with negligible increase in chamber pressure. The entire setup comprises components costing less than typical electron bombardment heaters.
International comparison CCQM-P229 pilot study to measure line intensities of selected 12C16O transitions
Authors: Hodges J T , Bielska K , Birk M , Guo R , Li G , Lim J S , Lisak D , Reed Z D , Wagner G 
Published: January 2025

Main text
We present primary spectroscopic measurements of line intensities in the 3-0 vibrational band of 12C16O. This international measurement campaign was organized under the auspices of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) and involved six laboratories carrying out independent measurements of more than forty rotation-vibration transitions. A total of three measurement techniques on samples of pure carbon monoxide were applied in this intercomparison, including Fourier transform spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and cavity mode dispersion spectroscopy. Using advanced spectroscopic line shape models and thorough characterization of instrument response to analyze the measured spectra, artifact-free measurements of line intensities were obtained by each laboratory. Average intensities were weighted by the inverse of the combined variance determined from rigorous estimates of combined systematic and statistical uncertainties. Results for all lines from five of the laboratories were scattered about the weighted mean value by nominally one part per thousand. Comparison of the weighted integrated band intensity with quantum-chemical calculations differed by nominally one part per ten thousand, thus demonstrating excellent agreement between experiment and theory. These results serve as an experimental benchmark for assessing the uncertainty in theoretical calculations, and they reveal the benefits of coordinated experiments that leverage complementary and independent primary measurements from contributing laboratories.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM.
A novel frequency attention mechanism for FEM-assisted bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Luo Shuyang , Liu Yinghao , Zhou Qi , Hu Jiexiang , Cao Longchao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Class imbalance remains a persistent challenge for intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) algorithms in practical applications. Expanding imbalanced data sets using finite element model (FEM) data offers a promising solution. However, significant distributional discrepancies between FEM data and actual measured signals pose challenges for effective information fusion. In this study, we propose a novel FEM-assisted fault diagnosis paradigm to address the class imbalance issue by combining domain adversarial (DA) strategies with an adaptive fault frequency attention module (AFFAM). First, we apply the variational mode decomposition algorithm to partition the frequency spectrum, facilitating model optimization through the incorporation of prior knowledge, thus laying a foundation for subsequent multi-dimensional feature extraction. We then employ the proposed AFFAM to extract multi-dimensional features from the input, enabling the model to integrate information from different granularity levels and bridging the information gap between simulated and real-world data. Finally, data integration is achieved through a data analysis strategy. The DA-AFFAM framework is validated using a customized bearing test bench. Results indicate that the classification accuracy for multi-class imbalance problems reaches 92.88%, even with a class imbalance ratio of 200:1.
High-luminescence polymer/ceramic pressure-sensitive paint employing low-refractive-index silica nanoparticles
Authors: Okawa Masaki , Ikami Tsubasa , Yamagishi Yuma , Watanabe Kanako , Nagai Hiroki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is an optical pressure-measurement technique that uses oxygen quenching. In unsteady PSP measurements, PSPs necessitate not only pressure sensitivity and response speed but also higher luminescence intensity. In this study, spherical silica nanoparticles are mixed into the paint to achieve a brighter luminescence. We prototype PSPs using particle size and mixing ratio as parameters and evaluate their performance. The results exhibit the luminescence intensity changes due to the low refractive index of silica; the smaller the particle size and the higher the particle ratio, the stronger the luminescence intensity. Silica-based PSPs are approximately 1.5 times brighter than titania-based PSP; which have frequently been used in previous studies. Additionally, a comprehensive performance investigation indicates that the silica-based PSP with the brightest formulation has a pressure sensitivity of 0.72 %/kPa with a response speed of 11.0 µs. These results prove that the higher luminescence is compatible with the high sensitivity and fast response using low-refractive index nanoparticles.
Scenario of a mildly stable transition from codimensional one Anosov diffeomorphism to a DA-diffeomorphism
Authors: Kruglov E V , Petrova Iu E , Pochinka O V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Smale proposed to modify the hyperbolic automorphism of the n-torus of codimension 1 in the neighbourhood of a fixed point by surgical operation to obtain the so-called DA-diffeomorphism. However, the corresponding arc of diffeomorphisms is not even mildly stable. The hypothesis of constructing a mildly stable arc between the Anosov diffeomorphism and the DA diffeomorphism was formulated by Newhouse et al. A detailed construction of such an arc is carried out in this paper.
Detection and correction of translational motion in SPECT with exponential data consistency conditions
Authors: Bui My Hoang Hoa , Robert Antoine , Etxebeste Ane , Rit Simon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Rigid patient motion can cause artifacts in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images, compromising the diagnosis and treatment planning. Exponential data consistency conditions (eDCCs) are mathematical equations describing the redundancy of exponential SPECT measurements. It has been recently shown that eDCCs can be used to detect patient motion in SPECT projections. This study aimed at developing a fully data-driven method based on eDCCs to estimate and correct for translational motion in SPECT. Approach. If all activity is encompassed inside a convex region K of constant attenuation, eDCCs can be derived from SPECT projections and can be used to verify the pairwise consistency of these projections. Our method assumes a single patient translation between two detector gantry positions. The proposed method estimates both the three-dimensional shift and the motion index, i.e. the index of the first gantry position after motion occurred. The estimation minimizes the eDCCs between the subset of projections before the motion index and the subset of motion-corrected projections after the motion index. Results. We evaluated the proposed method using Monte Carlo simulated and experimental data of a NEMA IEC phantom and simulated projections of a liver patient. The method’s robustness was assessed by applying various motion vectors and motion indices. Motion detection and correction with eDCCs were sensitive to movements above 3 mm. The accuracy of the estimation was below the 2.39 mm pixel spacing with good precision in all studied cases. The proposed method led to a significant improvement in the quality of reconstructed SPECT images. The activity recovery coefficient relative to the SPECT image without motion was above 90% on average over the six spheres of the NEMA IEC phantom and 97% for the liver patient. For example, for a

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2
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2
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2
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cm translation in the middle of the liver acquisition, the activity recovery coefficient was improved from 35% (non-corrected projections) to 99% (motion-corrected projections). Significance. The study proposed and demonstrated the good performance of translational motion detection and correction with eDCCs in SPECT acquisition data.
The effect of Rare Earth (RE) elements on corrosion and mechanical properties of Magnesium (Mg) alloys: a review
Authors: Wang XueYi , Liu WeiFeng , Dong Xiongbo , Li Na , Zheng Yongtao , Zhao Huan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite their many advantages, the widespread application of magnesium (Mg) alloys is hindered by their high corrosion rates and poor ductility and formability. One effective method for enhancing both the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, such as ductility, of Mg alloys is through alloying with Rare Earth (RE) elements. These elements have recently garnered significant attention due to their beneficial properties, including an electrode potential similar to that of Mg and their capacity to refine grain size, which contributes to reduced corrosion rates and enhanced alloy strength. This paper explores the common forms of Mg corrosion and elucidates the mechanisms by which RE elements improve corrosion resistance and mechanical behavior in Mg-RE alloys. It also provides a detailed analysis of how each RE element alters the corrosion behavior of Mg-based alloys. By integrating RE elements, it is possible to control corrosion and improve mechanical properties through mechanisms like solid solution strengthening, grain refinement, and the formation and distribution of secondary phases.
A comparison of effective field theory models of redshift space galaxy power spectra for DESI 2024 and future surveys
Authors: Maus M. , Lai Y. , Noriega H.E. , Ramirez-Solano S. , Aviles A. , Chen S. , Fromenteau S. , Gil-Marín H. , Howlett C. , Vargas-Magaña M. , White M. , Zarrouk P. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Alves O. , Brieden S. , Brooks D. , Burtin E. , Claybaugh T. , Cole S. , Dawson K. , Icaza-Lizaola M. , de la Macorra A. , de Mattia A. , Doel P. , Ferraro S. , Findlay N. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho S.Gontcho A. , Hahn C. , Honscheid K. , Ishak M. , Kremin A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Manera M. , Miquel R. , Mueller E. , Nadathur S. , Niz G. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W.J. , Poppett C. , Prada F. , Rezaie M. , Rocher A. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Yuan S. , Zhao R. , Zhou R. , Zou H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In preparation for the next generation of galaxy redshift surveys, and in particular the year-one data release from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), we investigate the consistency of a variety of effective field theory models that describe the galaxy-galaxy power spectra in redshift space into the quasi-linear regime using 1-loop perturbation theory. These models are employed in the pipelines velocileptors, PyBird, and Folpsν
. While these models have been validated independently, a detailed comparison with consistent choices has not been attempted. After briefly discussing the theoretical differences between the models we describe how to provide a more apples-to-apples comparison between them. We present the results of fitting mock spectra from the AbacusSummit suite of N-body simulations provided in three redshift bins to mimic the types of dark time tracers targeted by the DESI survey. We show that the theories behave similarly and give consistent constraints in both the forward-modeling and ShapeFit compressed fitting approaches. We additionally generate (noiseless) synthetic data from each pipeline to be fit by the others, varying the scale cuts in order to show that the models agree within the range of scales for which we expect 1-loop perturbation theory to be applicable. This work lays the foundation of Full-Shape analysis with DESI Y1 galaxy samples where in the tests we performed, we found no systematic error associated with the modeling of the galaxy redshift space power spectrum for this volume.
Validation of the DESI 2024 Lyman alpha forest BAL masking strategy
Authors: Martini P. , Cuceu A. , Ennesser L. , Brodzeller A. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de Belsunce R. , de la Macorra A. , Dey Arjun , Doel P. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho S.Gontcho A. , Guy J. , Herrera-Alcantar H.K. , Honscheid K. , Karaçaylı N.G. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Lambert A. , Le Guillou L. , Manera M. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Montero-Camacho P. , Moustakas J. , Niz G. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W.J. , Pérez-Ràfols I. , Poppett C. , Prada F. , Ravoux C. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tan T. , Tarlé G. , Walther M. , Weaver B.A. , Zou H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Broad absorption line quasars (BALs) exhibit blueshifted absorption relative to a number
of their prominent broad emission features. These absorption features can contribute to quasar
redshift errors and add absorption to the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest that is unrelated to
large-scale structure. We present a detailed analysis of the impact of BALs on the Baryon Acoustic
Oscillation (BAO) results with the Lyα forest from the first year of data from the Dark Energy
Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). The baseline strategy for the first year analysis is to mask all
pixels associated with all BAL absorption features that fall within the wavelength region used to
measure the forest. We explore a range of alternate masking strategies and demonstrate that these
changes have minimal impact on the BAO measurements with both DESI data and synthetic data. This
includes when we mask the BAL features associated with emission lines outside of the forest region
to minimize their contribution to redshift errors. We identify differences in the properties of
BALs in the synthetic datasets relative to the observational data, as well as use the synthetic
observations to characterize the completeness of the BAL identification algorithm, and demonstrate
that incompleteness and differences in the BALs between real and synthetic data also do not impact
the BAO results for the Lyα forest.
Detective quantum efficiency of a dual-energy photon-counting X-ray
detector with charge sharing compensation
Authors: Lee Junho , Yoo Seungjun , Oh Seokwon , Lim Chang Hwy , Park Jong-Won , Kim Ho Kyung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Photon-counting detectors (PCDs) are an attractive technology; they
provide multiple- or dual-energy (DE) images after a single X-ray
exposure. We evaluated the fundamental imaging performance of a CdTe-based
DE PCD embedded with an optional anticoincidence (AC) function that
aggregates the signals spread over neighboring pixels and casts this
sum to the pixel that represents the highest signal. Furthermore,
we compared the performance of this CdTe-based DE PCD with conventional
flat-panel detectors (FPDs) using the same X-ray spectrum (70 kV
and 21-mm aluminum filtration). The AC option improves the modulation-transfer
function of the PCD by suppressing the possible double counting induced
by a Cd or Te K-edge characteristic X-ray photon, which causes
a count in a pixel in the proximity of the photoelectric event. These
characteristic X-ray interactions correlate between low- and high-energy
images, resulting in a cross noise-power spectrum (NPS) whose magnitude
decreases with increasing spatial frequency. In contrast, the AC option
produces an uncorrelated NPS. The detective quantum efficiencies (DQEs)
of the DE PCD with AC-off and -on were identical, when the cross-NPS
was compensated for, to those for the images obtained by summing low-
and high-energy images. Furthermore, the DQE performance of the PCD
was not degraded upon lowering the air kerma levels and even dominated
that of the FPDs.
Characterization and simulation of AlGaN barrier structure effects in normally-off recessed gate AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs
Authors: Liu An-Chen , Chen Hsin-Chu , Tu Po-Tsung , Chen Yan-Lin , Chen Yan-Chieh , Yeh Po-Chun , Wu Chih-I , Chang Shu-Tong , Kao Tsung-Sheng , Kuo Hao-Chung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The objective of this study is to optimize the trade-off between threshold voltage (VTH) and maximum drain current (ID,max) in recessed gate AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (MISHEMT) using atomic layer etching (ALE) technology, with technical computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations assisting in the analysis of the underlying mechanisms to demonstrate the high performance and reliability of GaN-based power application. A normally-off recessed gate MISHEMT with varying AlGaN remaining thickness (2 nm, 3 nm, and 5 nm) was fabricated using the ALE process, ensuring precise etch depth and minimal surface damage. The device with a 5 nm AlGaN remaining thickness exhibited excellent performance, with an ID,max current of 347 mA mm−1, a VTH of +2.6 V, and a breakdown voltage (BV) of 830 V, compared to the AlGaN barrier with remaining thicknesses of 3 nm and 2 nm, which only reached 120 V and 75 V, respectively. The different recessed gate AlGaN remaining electric field distribution results were verified according to TCAD simulations. This is attributed to the hot electrons effect under the action of the high electric field to promote electrons to overcome potential energy barriers that are injected into a buffer, barrier, or insulating layers and trapped there, degrading off-state BV capability.
Effect of lithium slag on freeze-thaw resistance of concrete
Authors: Mao Yangming , Zhai Wenqiang , Qi Liangjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the effect of adding lithium slag (LS) as a supplementary cementitious material on the freeze–thaw resistance of concrete is experimentally investigated. In addition, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscope techniques have been employed to explore the morphology of hydration products and pore structure in concretes with varying LS contents to support the findings obtained from the experiments. The findings demonstrate that incorporating LS into concrete enhances its freeze–thaw resistance properties. Specifically, the addition of 10 wt% LS improves concrete matrix denseness, reducing internal connectivity and water intrusion, thereby enhancing freeze–thaw resistance. However, excessive amounts of LS can increase porosity, deteriorate the microstructure, and adversely affect freeze–thaw resistance. The research results can provide a reference value for freeze–thaw resistance of concrete in severe cold regions.
Independence for Children
Authors: Clayton Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Independence for Children presents an alternative conception of parenting to those that have dominated our thinking about children and the family to date. It offers an elaboration and defence of anti-perfectionist parenting. The central argument of the book is that, as they develop, children become entitled to adopt and pursue their own conceptions of religion and human well-being. As young children, they are entitled to an upbringing that is informed by ideals and reasons they can later accept in the light of the religious or ethical values they go on to hold as adults. In short, parents and others owe children an upbringing from which they are not alienated later in life.
Parental anti-perfectionism suggests that parents should introduce their children to the various and sometimes competing views about our place in the universe and human flourishing and raise them to be respectful of the diversity of lifestyles within society. But it also argues that parents have no right to steer their children towards particular religious doctrines or conceptions of human flourishing, and that religious schools ought to be phased out. The book addresses several questions in the philosophy of upbringing, such as how we ought to understand the interests of children, the moral claims of parents, and what constitutes a valuable family life. It finishes by briefly exploring the implications of anti-perfectionist morality for how parents ought to approach issues concerning work, consumption, gender, and diet.
The Sovereignty of Reason
Authors: Cureton Adam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter continues discussing the book’s fourth main question: What are the laws of reason through which we govern ourselves? The fourth feature of the Sovereignty Conception of Reason (SCR) is that our power of reason constitutively includes a set of formal and substantive principles of reason and that one of the substantive laws is a fundamental principle of justifiability that says that mental acts of competent rational persons are required by reason if and because those mental acts or things suitably related to them could or would be rationally endorsed by a set of rational people on the basis of their interests of reason. The aim of this chapter is to continue exploring the partial principle of justifiability that is included in the SCR by considering three of its distinctive elements and how they reflect and connect the main features of the SCR. This principle assesses mental acts of all kinds, not just our choices. It ascribes to mental acts the general normative status of being required by reason, while leaving open whether this is in all cases a moral status. And it interprets justifiability to persons in terms of their interests of reason, not their natural desires or independently existing values or reasons. The chapter them summarizes the SCR as a conception of autonomy or rational self-governance and suggests that it stands a decent chance at explaining a wide variety of ordinary ways of thinking and speaking about reason.