bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of ilaprazole in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer in China
Authors: Yu Mengyang , Liu Shupeng , Wu Xiaofei , Wang Hongyun 
Published: January 2024

Aims: This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of ilaprazole in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer in Chinese and investigate the effect of potential covariates on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.Methods: Pharmacokinetic data from 4 phase I clinical trials and 1 phase IIa clinical trial of ilaprazole were included in PopPK analysis. Phoenix NLME 8.3 was used to establish a PopPK model and quantify the effects of covariate, such as demographic data, biochemical indicators and disease state on the PK parameters of ilaprazole. The final model was evaluated by goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap analysis, and visual predictive check.Results: A two-compartment model with first-order elimination successfully described the pharmacokinetic properties of ilaprazole. In the final PopPK model, body weight and sex were identified as statistically significant covariates for volume of peripheral compartment (Vp) and clearance of central compartment (CL), respectively, and disease status was also screened as a significant covariate affecting both CL and Vp. The validation results demonstrated the good predictability of the model, which was accurate and reliable.Conclusion: This is the first population pharmacokinetics study of ilaprazole in the Chinese, and the PopPK model developed in this study is expected to be helpful in providing relevant PK parameters and covariates information for further studies of ilaprazole.
miR-133a-3p/TRPM4 axis improves palmitic acid induced vascular endothelial injury
Authors: Xue Yadong , Tong Tingting , Zhang Yuyao , Huang Haijun , Zhao Ling , Lv Hongzhao , Xiong Lingzhao , Zhang Kai , Han Yuxuan , Fu Yuyang , Wang Yongzhen , Huo Rong , Wang Ning , Ban Tao 
Published: January 2024

Background: Vascular endothelial injury is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis and the resulting cardiovascular diseases. One particular factor involved in endothelial cell apoptosis and atherosclerosis is palmitic acid (PA), which is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. In addition, transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4), a non-selective cation channel, plays a significant role in endothelial dysfunction caused by various factors related to cardiovascular diseases. Despite this, the specific role and mechanisms of TRPM4 in atherosclerosis have not been fully understood.Methods: The protein and mRNA expressions of TRPM4, apoptosis - and inflammation-related factors were measured after PA treatment. The effect of TRPM4 knockout on the protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis and inflammation-related factors was detected. The changes of intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species were detected by Fluo-4 AM, JC-1, and DCFH-DA probes, respectively. To confirm the binding of miR-133a-3p to TRPM4, a dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted. Finally, the effects of miR-133a-3p and TRPM4 on intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species were examined.Results: Following PA treatment, the expression of TRPM4 increases, leading to calcium overload in endothelial cells. This calcium influx causes the assemblage of Bcl-2, resulting in the opening of mitochondrial calcium channels and mitochondrial damage, ultimately triggering apoptosis. Throughout this process, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and VCAM1 significantly increase. Database screenings and luciferase assays have shown that miR-133a-3p preferentially binds to the 3′UTR region of TRPM4 mRNA, suppressing TRPM4 expression. During PA-induced endothelial injury, miR-133a-3p is significantly decreased, but overexpression of miR-133a-3p can attenuate the progression of endothelial injury. On the other hand, overexpression of TRPM4 counteracts the aforementioned changes.Conclusion: TRPM4 participates in vascular endothelial injury caused by PA. Therefore, targeting TRPM4 or miR-133a-3p may offer a novel pharmacological approach to preventing endothelial injury.
My home—my castle? Self-reported anxiety varies in relation to the subjective evaluation of home environment
Authors: Weber Sandra , Mascherek Anna , Augustin Jobst , Cheng Bastian , Thomalla Götz , Hoven Hanno , Harth Volker , Augustin Matthias , Gallinat Jürgen , Kühn Simone 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAlthough people spend most of the day in their home environment, the focus of research in environmental psychology to date has been on factors outside the home. However, it stands to reason that indoor quality likewise has an impact on psychological well-being. Therefore, the present study addresses the question of whether the subjective evaluation of home environmental parameters are related to self-reported anxiety and whether they can additionally explain variance beyond the usual sociodemographic and general lifestyle variables.MethodsData from the Hamburg City Health Study (first 10,000 participants) was analyzed. A subsample of N = 8,886 with available GAD-7 anxiety data was selected, and hierarchical regression models were computed, with demographic data entered first, followed by variables concerning lifestyle/habits and finally variables of the subjective evaluation of home environment.ResultsUsing the integrated model, we were able to explain about 13% of the variance in self-reported anxiety scores. This included both the demographic, lifestyle, and subjective evaluation of home environment variables. Protection from disturbing night lights, a greater sense of security, less disturbing noises, brighter accommodations, and a satisfactory window view explained almost 6% of the variance and was significantly associated with lower anxiety scores.ConclusionThe home as a place of refuge plays an increasingly important role as home office hours rise. It is therefore crucial to identify domestic factors contributing to people's mental well-being. The subjective evaluation of one's home environment has proven influential over and above modifiable lifestyle variables.
Can human-machine feedback in a smart learning environment enhance learners’ learning performance? A meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Mengyi , Zhu Kaige , Wang Guangshuai 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveThe human-machine feedback in a smart learning environment can influences learners’ learning styles, ability enhancement, and affective interactions. However, whether it has stability in improving learning performance and learning processes, the findings of many empirical studies are controversial. This study aimed to analyze the effect of human-machine feedback on learning performance and the potential boundary conditions that produce the effect in a smart learning environment.MethodsWeb of Science, EBSCO, PsycINFO, and Science Direct were searched for publications from 2010 to 2022. We included randomized controlled trials with learning performance as outcome. The random effects model was used in the meta-analysis. The main effect tests and the heterogeneity tests were used to evaluate the effect of human-machine feedback mechanism on learning performance, and the boundary conditions of the effect were tested by moderating effects. Moreover, the validity of the meta-analysis was proved by publication bias test.ResultsOut of 35 articles identified, 2,222 participants were included in this study. Human-machine interaction feedback had significant effects on learners’ learning process (d = 0.594, k = 26) and learning outcomes (d = 0.407, k = 42). Also, the positive effects of human-machine interaction feedback were regulated by the direction of feedback, the form of feedback, and the type of feedback technique.ConclusionTo enhance learning performance through human-machine interactive feedback, we should focus on using two-way and multi-subject feedback. The technology that can provide emotional feedback and feedback loops should be used as a priority. Also, pay attention to the feedback process and mechanism, avoid increasing students’ dependence on machines, and strengthen learners’ subjectivity from feedback mechanism.
Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, triple-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Guimarães Rachel Silvany Quadros , Bandeira Igor D. , Barretto Bianca Lima , Wanke Thamires , Alves Clara Oliveira Carvalho , Barretto Thiago Lima , Carvalho Chrissie Ferreira de , Dorea-Bandeira Ingrid , Tolentino Arthur , Lins-Silva Daniel H. , Lucena Pedro H. , Lucena Rita 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAlthough pharmacological treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has demonstrated efficacy, several individuals persist in experiencing social and academic impairment. Additionally, the occurrence of significant side effects may render the use of psychotropic medications untenable. However, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, shows promising results in treating ADHD.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of tDCS on the performance of children and adolescents with ADHD in neuropsychological tests involving visual attention, visual and verbal working memory, and inhibitory control.MethodologyThis study was a triple-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, crossover clinical trial. The intervention consisted of a daily session of tDCS (2 mA) or sham targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC), for 30 min, on five consecutive days. The primary outcome was change in the Visual Attention Test, Fourth Edition (TAVIS-4) before and after each intervention. Subjects were also evaluated pre and post-tDCS using the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition (NEPSY-II) Inhibiting Response (IR) subtest, and the Corsi Block-Tapping Task.ResultsFifteen individuals were included, and no statistically significant difference was observed when comparing the results of the TAVIS-4, the IR of NEPSY-II, and the intragroup Digit Span subtest of WISC-V undertaken before and after the procedure. Adverse events were mainly self-limiting and transient. The participants did not perceive any benefit from tDCS when measured on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) Scale.ConclusionThis study did not meet its primary endpoint and found no performance enhancement in any investigated neuropsychological outcomes relating to the intervention group.
Test anxiety and its determinants among health sciences students at Mattu University: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jarso Mohammedamin Hajure , Tariku Mandaras , Mamo Aman , Tsegaye Tesfaye , Gezimu Wubishet 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTest anxiety is a particular type of anxiety that is marked by physical, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms when taking and performing tests. It is defined as “severe stress” before, during, and after exams and other assessments. Test anxiety could cause poor academic performance and increase dropout rates. This study aimed to determine the levels of test anxiety and its determinants among health sciences students at Mattu University.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 selected students from June 1 to June 30, 2021. The study utilized the Westside Test Anxiety, the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Kessler Scale to assess test anxiety, social support, self-esteem, and psychological distress, respectively. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. A linear regression model was used to determine factors associated with test anxiety. The multiple regression assumptions were checked for each variable. Statistically significant effects were assumed for a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval in the multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsA total of 416 (99%) participants were completed out of the 420 questionnaires administered. The mean score of test anxiety among participants was 25.3 (SD: ±5.51). Tobacco use (β: 1.028; 95% CI: 0.709–1.347), khat chewing (β: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.038–0.192), self-esteem (β: −0.049; 95% CI: −0.062–(−0.036)), psychological distress (β: 0.022; 95% CI: 0.017–0.027), and physical activity (β: -0.162; 95% CI: −0.224–(−0.099)) were shown to have a significant association with test anxiety.ConclusionTest anxiety was common in the study area. Current substance use (tobacco use and khat chewing) and psychological distress were discovered to be factors that exacerbated test anxiety, whereas self-esteem and physical activity were discovered to be factors that alleviated test anxiety. Therefore, students and stakeholders need to work to discourage those factors that increase test anxiety while promoting factors that alleviate it.
Dimensional model of adolescent personality pathology, reflective functioning, and emotional maltreatment
Authors: Ensink Karin , Deschênes Mélissa , Bégin Michaël , Cimon Laurie , Gosselin Thomas , Wais Marissa , Normandin Lina , Fonagy Peter 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionChildhood emotional abuse (CEA) is a recognized risk factor for adolescent mentalizing challenges. However, there's limited understanding about how CEA might influence personality development and elevate the risk of adolescent personality pathology. A deeper grasp of these pathways is crucial, given that adolescence is a pivotal developmental phase for identity integration, personality consolidation, and the emergence of personality disorders. As the emphasis shifts to dimensional perspectives on adolescent personality pathology, the spotlight is increasingly on adolescents' evolving personality organization (PO). Within this framework, personality disorder manifestations stem from inherent vulnerabilities in PO. A comprehensive understanding of how CEA leads to these inherent vulnerabilities in PO can inform enhanced interventions for at-risk adolescents. Nonetheless, our comprehension lacks insight into potential pathways to PO, especially those involving external factors like maltreatment and individual traits like mentalizing. This study sought to bridge these gaps by employing latent factor analysis and structural equation modeling to explore connections between emotional maltreatment, adolescent mentalizing, and PO.MethodsA community-based cohort of 193 adolescents (aged 12–17) took part in self-report assessments: the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y), and the Inventory for Personality Organization for Adolescents (IPO-A).ResultsThe structural equation model revealed a significant direct influence of CEA on both RFQ-Confusion and PO, and a noteworthy direct effect of RFQ-Confusion on PO. Remarkably, the model accounted for 76.9% of the PO variance. CEA exhibited a significant indirect impact on PO through RFQ-Confusion, which was accountable for 52.3% of the CEA effect on PO, signifying a partial mediation by mentalizing.DiscussionThese insights carry substantial clinical implications, especially for devising integrated, trauma-informed strategies for adolescents with personality pathologies. This is particularly relevant for enhancing mentalizing and bolstering personality consolidation among adolescent CEA survivors.
Prejudice and determinants regarding tuberculosis patients among medical students in Dalian, Northeast China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yi Yaohui , Sun Meng , Chen Xu , Pan Yuanping , Lu Jiachen , Yu Yingying , Dou Xiaofeng , Zhou Ling 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundHealth workers play a central role in global tuberculosis (TB) elimination efforts. If medical students have prejudiced attitudes toward TB patients, this may make it difficult for them to provide effective health care to TB patients in their future roles as health workers. There is currently no research on prejudice toward TB patients among medical students in China. This study aimed to explore the current status of medical students’ prejudice against patients with TB and its associated predictors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among medical students at a medical university in Dalian, Liaoning Province, Northeast China. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the predictive factors of medical students’ prejudice against patients with TB.ResultsMore than half (57.23%) of the medical students held prejudices against individuals with TB. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that not receiving TB health education (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.35–3.32), not knowing a person with TB (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.39–4.56), and fear of TB/TB patients (OR: 6.79, 95% CI: 4.36–10.56) were identified as risk factors for medical students’ prejudice against TB patients. Conversely, residing in rural areas (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.95), agreeableness (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73–0.92) and emotional stability (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81–1.00) in the Big Five personality traits, and a better understanding of TB knowledge (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.38–0.89) were identified as protective factors.ConclusionIn China, a considerable number of medical students still exhibit prejudice against patients with TB. Targeted interventions, such as incorporating TB health education into the core curriculum of medical students, and enhance their agreeableness and emotional stability, are still needed. Furthermore, greater focus should be placed on medical students from urban backgrounds or those who harbor fear or do not know a person with TB.
Air pollution exposure and its effects on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical worsening, lung function decline, and radiological deterioration
Authors: Mariscal-Aguilar Pablo , Gómez-Carrera Luis , Bonilla Gema , Díaz-Almirón Mariana , Gayá Francisco , Carpio Carlos , Zamarrón Ester , Fernández-Velilla María , Torres Isabel , Esteban Isabel , Regojo Rita , Villamañán Elena , Prados Concepción , Álvarez-Sala Rodolfo 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionMajor urban pollutants have a considerable influence on the natural history of lung disease. However, this effect is not well known in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).AimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of air pollution on clinical worsening, lung function, and radiological deterioration in patients with IPF.MethodsThis exploratory retrospective cohort study included 69 patients with IPF, monitored from 2011 to 2020. Data on air pollution levels, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μM (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), were collected from the nearest air quality monitoring stations (&lt;3.5 km from the patients' homes). Patient outcomes such as clinical worsening, lung function decline, and radiological deterioration were assessed over various exposure periods (1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months). The statistical analyses were adjusted for various factors, including age, sex, smoking status, and treatment.ResultsThere was an association between higher O3 levels and an increased likelihood of clinical worsening over 6 and 36 months of exposure (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 [1.01–1.33] and OR and 95% CI = 1.80 [1.07–3.01], respectively). Increased CO levels were linked to lung function decline over 12-month exposure periods (OR and 95% CI 1.63 = [1.01–2.63]). Lastly, radiological deterioration was significantly associated with higher CO, NO2, and NOx levels over 6-month exposure periods (OR and 95% CI = 2.14 [1.33–3.44], OR and 95% CI = 1.76 [1.15–2.66] and OR and 95% CI = 1.16 [1.03–1.3], respectively).ConclusionThis study suggests that air pollution, specifically O3, CO, NO2, and NOx, could affect clinical worsening, lung function, and radiological outcomes in patients with IPF. These findings highlight the potential role of air pollution in the progression of IPF, emphasizing the need for further research and air quality control measures to mitigate its effects on respiratory health.
Feasibility and accuracy of targeted axillary dissection in breast cancer patients; single center experience
Authors: Kaya Cemal , Burcu Büşra , Çetinoğlu Işık , Uçak Ramazan , Çerekçi Esma , Şahin Cennet , Demircioğlu Zeynep Gül , Şener Aziz , Halil Süleyman 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAxillary complete response (pCR) was observed in approximately half of breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) due to axillary positivity. Preventing axillary morbidity due to unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is extremely important for patients' quality of life. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is a technique developed to improve axillary staging and reduce the false negative rate in sentinel lymph node biopsy.MethodsPatients with cN1-N2 (clinically node) breast cancer whose axillary lymph node metastasis was confirmed by biopsy and who received NAC marked with a clip were included in the study. Patients who achieved clinical response after systemic treatment underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with additional methods such as methylene blue guided dissection, skin marking for clip on lymph node (CLN) localization, and wire guided with imaging excision of the CLN. TAD and ALND pathology results were evaluated and analyzed with patient and tumor characteristics.Results83 patients who met the eligibility criterias for the study were examined retrospectively. 21 of the patients underwent TAD alone, and 62 patients underwent ALND after TAD. CLN rate was 98.8% in patients underwent only TAD and this rate was increased to 100% in patients underwent ALND after TAD. FNR in SLN, CLN, and TAD were 28.6%, 10.7%, and 3.6%, respectively.ConclusionTAD is a feasible and reliable surgical approach to detect axillary residual disease with a high success rate.