bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuously tuneable laser in the full visible spectrum formed in 10 minutes with cholesteric liquid crystal cells based on the electrothermal effect
Authors: Jeong Mi-Yun , Kwak Keumcheol , Nam Youngwoo , Choi Hyeon-Jong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wavelength-tuneable lasers could play a crucial role across many fields, and their applications continue to expand with advancements. Cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) devices have been developed and have enabled good wavelength-tuneable lasers. In CLC devices, pitch control is required to tune the desired wavelength. However, pitch control takes a long time and is difficult, which limits the speed and range of laser wavelength tuning. Here, by applying a voltage once, we realized CLC pitch gradient arrays that achieve continuous wavelength tuning over 500 nm in only 10 min through the electrothermal effect while continuously generating laser lines in the full visible spectrum. The laser wavelength could be rapidly tuned over the full visible spectrum by moving within the array in the wedge cell. This new device has potential in many fields that require active laser tuning and could be the basis for future practical laser devices in the optical industry.
Performance analysis of FSO Communications in desert environments
Authors: Sliti Maha , Mrabet Manel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems offer high-speed data transfer and secure connectivity, making them suitable for various applications. However , severe weather, especially in desert environments like duststorms and fogs, can significantly impact their efficiency. This paper analyzes the performance of FSO communication systems in desert environments, focusing on the interaction between FSO technology and challenging atmospheric conditions like duststorms and fogs. The research aims to enhance the design and operation of FSO communication systems in these environments, where reliable connections are critical. The study explores various modulation techniques (AM, Duobinary RZ, Modified Duobinary RZ, RZ, and NRZ) to mitigate weather-induced attenuation under duststorm and fog conditions. Real-time visibility data from the meteorological department and Optisystem software were used to estimate attenuation under duststorm and fog conditions in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. The study found that the duo-binary RZ modulation technique offers better performance parameters for maximum link distance, a better Q-factor value, a lower bit error rate, and better received optical power at 25 dB/km attenuation.
Statistical analysis of flow field variations via independent component analysis
Authors: Laichter J. , Kranz P. , Kaiser S.A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The link between in-cylinder flow and subsequent combustion in a single-cylinder gasoline spark-ignition (SI) engine operating slightly lean is analyzed via independent component analysis (ICA). Experimentally, the two in-plane components of the velocity are measured in the central cylinder plane by high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) with the engine running at 1500 rpm in skip-fired mode. In 213 cycles, measurements are made during the late compression stroke before ignition with approximately 1° crank angle temporal resolution. ICA then decomposes the set of 213 flow fields at each time step, yielding a set of “typical” flow patterns – the independent components (IC). The temporal coherence between the ICs is then examined in a persistence analysis, comparing each IC with the one from the previous time step starting at ignition timing and going backwards in time. The results show which ICs persist how long throughout the compression stroke. To investigate the link between the ICs and combustion, the crank angle at which 10% of the fuel are burned (CA10) in each cycle is correlated with the extent to which a given IC can be found in each flow field. For the operating condition examined here, this analysis finds that a vortex center around the spark plug is strongly linked with fast-burning combustion, while slow-burning cycles typically have a vortex center located on the exhaust side.
Physiologically Based RadioPharmacoKinetic (PBRPK) Modeling to Simulate and Analyze Radiopharmaceutical Therapies: Studies of Non-Linearities, Multi-Bolus Injections, and Albumin Binding
Authors: Fele-Paranj Ali , Saboury Babak , Uribe Carlos , Rahmim Arman 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: We aimed to develop a publicly shared computational physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to reliably simulate and analyze radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs), including probing of hot-cold ligand competitions as well as alternative injection scenarios and drug designs, towards optimal therapies.
Results: To handle the complexity of PBPK models (over 150 differential equations), a scalable modeling notation called the ”reaction graph” is introduced, enabling easy inclusion of various interactions. We refer to this as physiologically based radiopharmacokinetic (PBRPK) modeling, fine-tuned specifically for radiopharmaceuticals. As three important applications, we used our PBRPK model to (i) study the effect of competition between hot and cold species on delivered doses to tumors and organs at risk. In addition, (ii) we evaluated an alternative paradigm of utilizing multi-bolus injections in RPTs instead of prevalent single injections. Finally, (iii) we used PBRPK modeling to study the impact of varying albumin-binding affinities by ligands, and the implications for RPTs.
We found that competition between labeled and unlabeled ligands can lead to non-linear relations between injected activity and the delivered dose to a particular organ, in the sense that doubling the injected activity does not necessarily result in a doubled dose delivered to a particular organ (a false intuition from external beam radiotherapy). In addition, we observed that fractionating injections can lead to a higher payload of dose delivery to organs, though not a differential dose delivery to the tumor. By contrast, we found out that increased albumin-binding affinities of the injected ligands can lead to such a differential effect in delivering more doses to tumors, and this can be attributed to a number of factors that PBRPK allows us to probe.
Conclusions: Advanced computational PBRPK modeling enables simulation and analysis of a variety of intervention and drug design scenarios, towards more optimal delivery of RPTs.
The Biomechanical Effects of Backpack Weight on Foot Plantar Pressures Among Long-Distance Hikers: Observational study
Authors: Moya-Cuenca Coral , Zúnica-García Sara , Gracia-Sánchez Alba , García-Cremades Santi , Oltra-Romero Ana María , Chicharro-Luna Esther 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Hiking is a prevalent activity with most participants carrying gear in backpacks. Though health experts recommend backpack weight not surpass 10–15% of a hiker's body weight, the effects on foot plantar pressures remain unclear.Methods Our cross-sectional observational study aimed to assess how varying backpack weights impact foot plantar pressure distribution during walking. We enlisted hikers who had covered at least 20 km in the preceding 24 hours. We recorded participants' sociodemographic and clinical details and utilized the Podoprint® platform to measure the area, force, and pressure on the forefoot, rearfoot, and entire foot. Measurements were taken without a backpack, with the hiker's actual backpack, and with backpacks loaded to 10% and 20% of the hiker's body weight.Results Results revealed a consistently higher force on the right foot across all conditions. Relative to no backpack, forefoot pressure increased by 5.41% and 8.73% with backpacks weighing 10% and 20% of body weight, respectively (p = 0.005), while increases for the rearfoot were 5.01% and 10.17% (p = 0.015), and for the entire foot, 5.04% and 9.61% (p = 0.002).Conclusions Surpassing 10% of body weight significantly altered foot pressure in both static and dynamic analyses. Our findings underscore the importance of adhering to recommended backpack weight guidelines to mitigate undue foot pressure during hiking.
A Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning Framework for Blockchain Networks
Authors: Abuzied Youssif , Ghanem Mohamed , Dawoud Fadi , Gamal Habiba , Soliman Eslam , Sharara Hossam , Elbatt Tamer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a scalable, privacy-preserving, federated learningframework, coined FLoBC, based on the concept of distributed ledgers underlyingblockchains. This is motivated by the rapid growth of data worldwide, especiallydecentralized data which calls for scalable, decenteralized machine learning mod-els which is capable of preserving the privacy of the data of the participatingusers. Towards this objective, we first motivate and define the problem scope. Wethen introduce the proposed FLoBC system architecture hinging on a number ofkey pillars, namely parallelism, decentralization and node update synchroniza-tion. In particular, we examine a number of known node update synchronizationpolicies and examine their performance merits and design trade-offs. Finally, wecompare the proposed federated learning system to a centralized learning systembaseline to demonstrate its performance merits. Our main finding in this paperis that our proposed decentralized learning framework was able to achieve com-parable performance to a classic centralized learning system, while distributingthe model training process across multiple nodes without sharing their actualdata. This provides a scalable, privacy-preserving solution for training a varietyof large machine learning models.
TOMAS: Topology Optimization of Multiscale Fluid-Flow Devices using Variational Autoencoders and Super-Shapes
Authors: Padhy Rahul Kumar , Suresh Krishnan , Chandrasekhar Aaditya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a framework for multiscale topology optimization of fluid-flow devices. The objective is to minimize dissipated power, subject to a desired contact-area. The proposed strategy is to design optimal microstructures in individual finite element cells, while simultaneously optimizing the overall fluid flow. In particular, parameterized super-shapes are chosen here to represent microstructures since they exhibit a wide range of permeability and contact area. To avoid repeated homogenization, a finite set of these super-shapes are analyzed a priori, and a variational autoencoder (VAE) is trained on their fluid constitutive properties (permeability), contact area and shape parameters. The resulting differentiable latent space is integrated with a coordinate neural network to carry out a global multi-scale fluid flow optimization. The latent space enables the use of new microstructures that were not present in the original data-set. The proposed method is illustrated using numerous examples in 2D
Overview of the proposed method: A dataset of shape parameters of super-shapes, contact areas, and homogenized permeability tensors is used to train a variational autoencoder (VAE). The resulting latent space is then used for global multiscale optimization of fluid flow.
Study on the influence and intervention of psychological resilience on academic emotion of urban primary school students: based on cognitive-behavioral group counseling
Authors: Li Shuang , Chen Xiao-mei , Sun Chong-yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study delves deeply into the interrelationship between urban primary school students' psychological resilience and their academic emotions, shedding light on the transformative impact of cognitive behavioral group counseling on enhancing psychological resilience. With a sample size of 575 students across five schools in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, we distributed meticulously designed questionnaires. Our findings elucidate that a robust psychological resilience not only augments positive academic emotions (t = 0.374, 0.591, P < 0.01) but also diminishes the prevalence of negative ones (t= -0.541, -0.664, P < 0.01).Taking our research a notch higher, we enlisted 36 students and bifurcated them into two distinct groups: experimental and control. While the former underwent a structured regimen of cognitive behavioral group counseling designed to boost psychological resilience, the latter participated in after-school sports activities. Pre-intervention assessments showcased negligible disparities in both psychological resilience and academic emotions between the groups (P > 0.05). However, post-intervention revealed a notable enhancement in the psychological resilience of the experimental group (t = 2.546, P < 0.05). This group also demonstrated a significant upswing in positive academic emotions compared to the control group (t = 2.546, 3.607, P < 0.01) and a marked reduction in negative academic emotions (t=-3.761, -2.038, P < 0.05).The symbiotic relationship between psychological resilience and academic emotions in urban primary school students becomes evident through our study. Moreover, the prowess of cognitive behavioral group counseling as a potent tool for elevating psychological resilience and academic emotions is undeniably showcased. Such profound revelations carry monumental implications for educators and psychologists who are passionate about cultivating a student populace that is not only academically inclined but also emotionally balanced and resilient.
Response surface optimization of solvent tolerant cold active lipase production by Pseudomonas sp. VITCLP4
Authors: Lakshimi V Iswareya , Kavitha M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The yield of solvent-tolerant cold active lipase from halo-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. VITCLP4 was improved by applying statistical methods to precisely combine medium components and other conditions. Two-level Plackett–Burman (PB) design was utilized to screen the most significant variables from a set of eleven variables that influence lipase production. Analysis of variance revealed that Tween-80, peptone, and KH2PO4 were statistically significant. Optimum levels of selected variables were ascertained by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis. The optimum values and interactive effects of the selected three components were established by response surface methodology (RSM) based on the face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) using a three-level-three-factor approach. The optimized medium containing Tween-80, 0.5% (v/v), peptone, 0.75% (w/v), KH2PO4, 0.05% (w/v), yeast extract, 0.1% (w/v), olive oil, 0.2% (v/v) and inoculum size, 0.2% (v/v) resulted in maximum lipase production of 1342 Units ml− 1 min− 1 with 7.8 fold increase in the yield. This study provides insights into enhancing the lipase production statistically with optimized resources that can be utilized in bioprocess studies and industrial applications.
Responses of Soil and Vegetation Properties to Chemical Fertilization in Restoring Coal Gangue Hills in an Alpine Mining Area
Authors: Jin Liqun , Li Xilai , Sun Huafang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yufang , Gao Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the coal mining operation, the accumulated soil in coal gangue hills often suffers from nutrient deficiencies, which can be overcome using fertilizer supplementation. The supplementation of exogenous nutrients has proven to be an effective means of enhancing physicochemical conditions of these soils and promoting vegetation reestablishment. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of plant growth and soil properties in vegetation restoration to a coal gangue hill, focusing on artificially seeded grasslands in a high-altitude mining area as the research subject. Over a period of three consecutive years, varying gradients of nitrogen and phosphorus supplements were applied to the coal gangue hill. Furthermore, the interrelationships between plants and soil factors at different dosages of chemical fertilization were analyzed so as to determine the appropriate fertilization level conducive to the ecological system's restoration in the area. The results of this study revealed significant responses (P < 0.05) in vegetation height, coverage, and biomass to nitrogen and phosphorus dosage, leading to a significant increase in the availability of soil nutrients (P < 0.05). Apart from moss coverage, fertilizer dosage exhibited a significant positive correlation (P< 0.05) with various vegetation characteristics, as well as a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with soil nutrient availability. Notably, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in soil physical properties with varying nitrogen and phosphorus amendments. In conclusion, nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation is beneficial for promoting vegetation growth and improving soil chemical properties in high-altitude mining areas with coal gangue hills. The recommended minimum dosage is 40g/m² of urea in combination with 30g/m² of diammonium phosphate. This supplement should be applied continuously. Considering the capacity of the mining area's ecosystem to self-repair and the costs of ecological restoration, it is advisable to utilize organic fertilizers and sheep manure in the next phase of restoration.
Identifying pre-service teachers’ approaches to science and mathematics communication
Authors: Saribas Deniz , Ceyhan Gaye Defne , Thompson Alia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a world where misinformation and distorted scientific facts are prevalent, the importance of science and mathematics communication cannot be overstated. This study investigates how pre-service teachers approach the communication of science and mathematics topics. Through content analysis, we explored their topic choices, target audiences, communication tools, reasons behind these choices, and core communication skills. The study included pre-service teachers at a public research university who were enrolled in the chemistry education program (n = 11), the physics education program (n = 16), the science education program (n = 37), and the mathematics education program (n = 72). Our findings indicate a diverse range of preferences; pre-service teachers often favored contextualized science topics rooted in real-life issues, while mathematics topics were approached with a tendency toward decontextualization. Furthermore, these future educators predominantly aimed their communications at K-12 students, particularly those in middle school, with the general public also being a prominent choice. Despite diverse tool preferences, storytelling, and narrative techniques, as well as two-way dialogue with the audience, were seldom employed. The results of this study highlight the need to rethink teacher education programs, and integrate interdisciplinary contexts and a multi-way dialogue to communicate science and mathematics topics. Our insights underscore the necessity for comprehensive training in science and mathematics communication within teacher education programs, to further enhance science and mathematics education and literacy in the 21st century.
The Cutting-edge of CRISPR for Cancer Treatment and its Future
Prospects
Authors: Liau Kah Man , Ooi An Gie , Mah Chian Huey , Yong Penny , Kee Ling Siik , Loo Cheng Ze , Tay Ming Yu , Foo Jhi Biau , Hamzah Sharina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a versatile
technology that allows precise modification of genes. One of its most promising applications is
in cancer treatment. By targeting and editing specific genes involved in cancer development and
progression, CRISPR has the potential to become a powerful tool in the fight against cancer.
This review aims to assess the recent progress in CRISPR technology for cancer research and to
examine the obstacles and potential strategies to address them. The two most commonly used
CRISPR systems for gene editing are CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas12a. CRISPR/Cas9 employs
different repairing systems, including homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous
end joining (NHEJ), to introduce precise modifications to the target genes. However,
off-target effects and low editing efficiency are some of the main challenges associated with
this technology. To overcome these issues, researchers are exploring new delivery methods and
developing CRISPR/Cas systems with improved specificity. Moreover, there are ethical concerns
surrounding using CRISPR in gene editing, including the potential for unintended consequences
and the creation of genetically modified organisms. It is important to address these issues
through rigorous testing and strict regulations. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits
of CRISPR in cancer therapy cannot be overlooked. By introducing precise modifications to
cancer cells, CRISPR could offer a targeted and effective treatment option for patients with different
types of cancer. Further investigation and development of CRISPR technology are necessary
to overcome the existing challenges and harness its full potential in cancer therapy.
New Insights into Pharmaceutical Nanocrystals for the Improved Topical
Delivery of Therapeutics in Various Skin Disorders
Authors: Singh Vanshita , Bansal Keshav , Bhati Hemant , Bajpai Meenakshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Nanotechnology has provided nanostructure-based delivery of drugs, among which
nanocrystals have been investigated and explored for feasible topical drug delivery. Nanocrystals
are nano-sized colloidal carriers, considered pure solid particles with a maximum drug load and a
very small amount of stabilizer. The size or mean diameter of the nanocrystals is less than 1 μm
and has a crystalline character. Prominent synthesis methods include the utilization of microfluidic-
driven platforms as well as the milling approach, which is both adaptable and adjustable.
Nanocrystals have shown a high capacity for loading drugs, utilization of negligible amounts of
excipients, greater chemical stability, lower toxic effects, and ease of scale-up, as well as manufacturing.
They have gained interest as drug delivery platforms, and the significantly large surface
area of the skin makes it a potential approach for topical therapeutic formulations for different
skin disorders including fungal and bacterial infections, psoriasis, wound healing, and skin
cancers, etc. This article explores the preparation techniques, applications, and recent patents of
nanocrystals for treating various skin conditions.