bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic registration of brain magnetic resonance images based on Talairach reference system
Authors: Han Yeji , Park HyunWook 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate a robust registration method of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images based on the Talairach reference system with automatic determinations of the fiducial points.Materials and MethodsEight specified landmark points of the Talairach reference system are determined after successfully extracting the midsagittal plane from three‐dimensional MR imaging (MRI) data. Projection information of the image intensity is used to determine the midline of the cerebrum in axial and coronal view images, which is a necessary step for extraction of the midsagittal plane. To find the landmarks of anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) in the midsagittal plane, we adopt two‐step shape matching that properly finds locations of the corpus callosum (CC), and then AC and PC, respectively. The shape matching is performed on the edge‐enhanced midsagittal plane image to minimize dependency on image intensity variation. Other landmark points of the Talairach reference system are determined by fitting the intensity curve of the cutview with the Gaussian model.ResultsThe proposed method automatically determines seven landmark points, except the inferior point (IP), and the brain MR images can be successfully registered with the Talairach reference system.ConclusionThe suggested registration method can be applied to any MR images for functional studies. It can also be applied to patients unless their brains are highly deformed or have a highly deformed CC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:572–580. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions: Mangafodipir vs. Superparamagnetic iron oxide‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kim Myeong‐Jin , Kim Joo Hee , Lim Joon Seok , Oh Young Taik , Chung Jae‐Joon , Choi Jin Sup , Lee Woo Jung , Kim Ki Whang 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurposeTo compare the mangafodipir‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐enhanced images for their ability to detect and characterize focal hepatic lesions.Materials and MethodsUnenhanced, mangafodipir‐enhanced, and SPIO‐enhanced hepatic MR images obtained from 64 patients were analyzed. A total of 121 hepatic lesions were included: 66 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 26 metastases, 14 hemangiomas, 5 cysts, 3 cholangiocarcinomas, 4 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), 2 abscesses, and 1 adenoma. Two radiologists independently reviewed the two sets of images in a random order: 1) the unenhanced and mangafodipir‐enhanced images (the mangafodipir set) and 2) the unenhanced and SPIO‐enhanced images (the SPIO set). This study compared the accuracy of lesion detection, the ability to distinguish between a benign and malignant lesion, and the ability to distinguish between the hepatocellular and nonhepatocellular origins of the lesions using the areas (Az) under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe overall accuracy for detecting focal lesions was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with the SPIO set (Az = 0.846 and 0.871 for readers 1 and 2, respectively) than with the mangafodipir set (Az = 0.716 and 0.766). Most of the lesions detected only with the SPIO‐enhanced MR images by the readers were small HCCs. For lesions larger than 15 mm, the sensitivities of the two contrast enhancement techniques were similar for both readers. The accuracy of the mangafodipir and SPIO sets in distinguishingbetween benign and malignant lesions was comparable. The accuracy for distinguishing between the hepatocellular and nonhepatocellular origins of the lesions was significantly higher (P < 0.05) using the mangafodipir set (Az = 0.897 and 0.946) than using the SPIO set (Az = 0.741 and 0.833).ConclusionSPIO‐ and mangafodipir‐enhanced images were comparable for detection of focal hepatic lesions other than small HCCs, which were better detected on the SPIO‐enhanced images. Mangafodipir‐enhanced images are likely better than the SPIO‐enhanced images for distinguishing between focal liver lesions with a hepatocellular or nonhepatocellular origin. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:612–621. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fish protein hydrolysates from gold carp (Carassius auratus): I. A study of hydrolysis parameters using response surface methodology
Authors: Sumaya‐Martínez Teresa , Castillo‐Morales Alberto , Favela‐Torres Ernesto , Huerta‐Ochoa Sergio , Prado‐Barragán Lilia Arely 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe combined effects of pH, temperature (T), substrate/buffer ratio (S:B) and enzyme concentration (E) on protein recovery from gold carp (Carassius auratus) processing waste with Flavourzyme® were characterised. The effect of hydrolysis parameters on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was described through response surface analysis (RSA) and the model obtained was defined as follows: DH = −316.30 + 7.1T + 44.5pH + 0.292S:B + 0.27E − 0.048T2 − 2.407pH2 − 0.002S:B2 − 0.307TxpH − 0.002S:BxE. All regression coefficients were significant (α = 0.05). The model showed a good fit with the experimental data, since the R2 of 0.923 indicated that 92.3% of the variability within the range of values studied could be explained by the model. The mathematical model presented a plateau region with a maximum DH (>26.6%) at the following critical values: pH = 5.9, T = 53 °C, S:B = 14.7% and E = 80 LAPU (leucine aminopeptidase units) g−1. Electrophoretic (SDS‐PAGE) patterns showed a progressive reduction in molecular weight of the peptidic fractions from 10 min of hydrolysis onwards. By controlling the enzymatic process, it was possible to predict the molecular weight of the peptides obtained, in turn affecting the functional and nutritional properties of the peptidic fractions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of temperature, shear rate and constituents on rheological properties of tahin (sesame paste)
Authors: Lokumcu Altay Filiz , Ak M Mehmet 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, rheological properties of tahin are reported at temperatures from 20 to 70 °C and shear rates in the range 0.13–500 s−1. Temporary hysteresis loops were observed in the first cycle of the flow curves. The steady shear behaviour of tahin was pseudoplastic and described by a power law model. The consistency coefficient exhibited strong temperature dependence for which the activation energy of flow was 21.6 kJ mol−1. The flow behaviour index of tahin tended to increase whereas the consistency coefficient tended to decrease during storage at room temperature. Tahin oil exhibited Newtonian behaviour with a strong dependence of viscosity on temperature. The activation energy of flow for tahin oil was 35.7 kJ mol−1. While reconstituted suspensions containing up to 20% solids exhibited Newtonian behaviour, those with more solids and the original tahin showed pseudoplastic behaviour. The Krieger–Dougherty model fitted the suspension viscosity data well. Below 20% solids level there was no effect of particle size on the viscosity of the reconstituted suspensions. It was shown that for the same amount of solids the viscosity of a ‘polydisperse’ suspension was lower than that of a ‘monodisperse’ suspension. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Therapeutic ratio quantifies laser antisepsis: Ablation of Porphyromonas gingivalis with dental lasers
Authors: Harris David M. , Yessik Michael 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is established that both pulsed Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) and continuous diode (810 nm) dental lasers kill pathogenic bacteria (laser antisepsis), but a quantitative method for determining clinical dosimetry does not exist. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify the efficacy of ablation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in vitro for two different lasers.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe ablation thresholds for the two lasers were compared in the following manner. The energy density was measured as a function of distance from the output of the fiber‐optic delivery system. Pg cultures were grown on blood agar plates under standard anaerobic conditions. Blood agar provides an approximation of gingival tissue for the wavelengths tested in having hemoglobin as a primary absorber. Single pulses of laser energy were delivered to Pg colonies and the energy density was increased until the appearance of a small plume was observed coincident with a laser pulse. The energy density at this point defines the ablation threshold. Ablation thresholds to a single pulse were determined for both Pg and for blood agar alone.ResultsThe large difference in ablation thresholds between the pigmented pathogen and the host matrix for pulsed‐Nd:YAG represented a significant therapeutic ratio and Pg was ablated without visible effect on the blood agar. Near threshold the 810‐nm diode laser destroyed both the pathogen and the gel.ConclusionsClinically, the pulsed Nd:YAG may selectively destroy pigmented pathogens leaving the surrounding tissue intact. The 810‐nm diode laser may not demonstrate this selectivity due to its greater absorption by hemoglobin and/or longer pulse duration. Lasers Surg. Med. 35:206–213, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative amounts of antagonistic splicing factors, hnRNP A1 and ASF/SF2, change during neoplastic lung growth: Implications for pre‐mRNA processing
Authors: Zerbe Laura K. , Pino Irene , Pio Ruben , Cosper Pippa F. , Dwyer‐Nield Lori D. , Meyer Amy M. , Port J. David , Montuenga Luis M. , Malkinson Alvin M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPre‐mRNA processing is an important mechanism for globally modifying cellular protein composition during tumorigenesis. To understand this process during lung cancer, expression of two key pre‐mRNA alternative splicing factors was compared in a mouse model of early lung carcinogenesis and during regenerative growth following reversible lung injury. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 and alternative splicing factor/splicing factor 2 (ASF/SF2) act antagonistically to modulate splice site selection. Both hnRNP A1 and ASF/SF2 contents rose in adenomas and during injury‐induced hyperplasia compared to control lungs, as measured by immunoblotting. While both proteins increased similarly during compensatory hyperplasia, hnRNP A1 increased to a much greater extent than ASF/SF2 in tumors, resulting in a 6‐fold increase of the hnRNP A1 to ASF/SF2 ratio. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that hnRNP A1 localized exclusively within tumor nuclei, while ASF/SF2 appeared in cytoplasm and/or nuclei, depending on the growth pattern of the tumor cells. We also demonstrated cancer‐associated changes in the pre‐mRNA alternative splicing of CD44, a membrane glycoprotein involved in cell‐cell and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions. hnRNP A1 and ASF/SF2 expression is thus differentially altered in neoplastic lung cells by mechanisms that do not strictly arise from increased cell division. These changes are influenced by tumor histology and may be associated with production of variant CD44 mRNA isoforms. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competitive repertoire simplicity and firm performance: The moderating role of top management team heterogeneity
Authors: Ferrier Walter J. , Lyon Douglas W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe extend Miller and Chen's (Strategic Manage J 1996; 17: 419–439) recent research on the impact of competitive repertoire simplicity on firm performance by exploring the extent to which top management team (TMT) demographic heterogeneity moderates this relationship. These authors found that competitive repertoire simplicity among firms in the airline industry was negatively related to firm performance. By contrast, our findings from a multi‐industry study suggest that strategic repertoire simplicity is positively related to performance for firms led by heterogeneous TMTs, and negatively related for less heterogeneous TMTs. Accordingly, this finding advances theory within competitive dynamics and strategic leadership. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcoming stickiness: An empirical investigation of the role of the template in the replication of organizational routines
Authors: Szulanski Gabriel , Jensen Robert J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractKnowledge assets are fundamental sources of competitive advantage. Accordingly, the prosperity of firms is increasingly predicated on their ability to mobilize those assets so that they can be properly exploited. Yet, valuable knowledge assets are often complex, intangible, and tacit organizational attributes embedded in organizational routines and are hard to mobilize. Thus, the reality of knowledge transfer rarely lives up to expectations.A central tenet in viewing transfers of knowledge as the replication of organizational routines is the importance of the template. We hypothesize that a template, i.e. a working example, is essential in replicating knowledge assets effectively.In this paper, we explore this hypothesis with a case study that takes the form of a naturally occurring, repeated‐treatment quasi‐experiment. The ‘treatment,’ in this case, is determined by the use of a template that serves to guide the replication. The extent of stickiness in the transfer of marketing practices is then observed. The setting is Rank Xerox, the European subsidiary of Xerox.The unfolding of this experiment was closely monitored over an eight‐year period. The findings support the hypothesized impact of the template on stickiness. The findings suggest also that the template serves also a persuasive role that is not articulated in the original theoretical portrayal of replication. Moreover the results suggest an actionable lever to overcome difficulty, i.e. an actionable lever to enhance the utilization of scarce, hard to transfer knowledge assets. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From corporate strategy to business‐level advantage: Relatedness as resource congruence
Authors: D'Aveni Richard A. , Ravenscraft David J. , Anderson Philip 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we studyresource congruence, the degree to which the expenditure profile of a focal lines of business (LB) resembles others in its parent's portfolio. Taking each individual LB as a focal point, we examine the degree to which its resource allocation profile resembles or differs from the profiles of the other businesses in the corporation. We argue that business lines are most efficient and profitable when their resource allocation patterns are highly similar to those of the parent's other businesses, a condition we term resource congruence.The results show that the more closely LB is aligned with its parent's dominant logic—that is, the more congruent it is—the better it performs and the lower its costs relative to competitor LBs in the focal LB's industry. Improved performance and cost are not found when a LB is embedded within similar two‐digit standard industrial codes (SICs) as those of other LBs within its parent's portfolio. Even though the SIC classification system has been used as a measure of ‘output’ relatedness based on similarity of product and customer market characteristics, the results suggest that resource congruence (and resource‐based views of the firm) are better predictor of synergies and competitive advantage at the business level than is output relatedness. We also suggest that theories of managerial capability, dominant logic, and monitoring can explain our discovery of spillover and congruence effects that are not explained by economies of scope or resource sharing‐based explanations alone. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral assignments of new diterpenes from Hyptis martiusii Benth
Authors: da Cruz Araújo Edigênia Cavalcante , Sousa Lima Mary Anne , Rocha Silveira Edilberto 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe structural characterization of two new abietanes and a new spiro‐fused tricyclic diterpene isolated from the roots of Hyptis martiusii is described. The first member of a new class of rearranged abietane diterpenoids designated martiusane was characterized by the use of 1D NMR and several 2D shift correlated NMR pulse sequences (1H,1H‐COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY). Unambiguous 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments for all compounds are reported. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and structure elucidation of bromination products from dibromohomobenzonorbornadienes: high temperature bromination—Part 17
Authors: Kazaz Cavit , Daştan Arif , Balcı Metin 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe electrophilic addition of bromine to dibromohomobenzonorbornadiene derivatives at −45 ± 5°C led to the formation of the rearranged and non‐rearranged tetrabromides in a ratio of 6:4. However, high‐temperature bromination of the same system in CCl4 at 77°C produced only non‐rearranged products. The formation mechanism of the isomers and the role of the substituent on the rearrangement is discussed. The structure elucidation of the isomeric tetrabromides was achieved from NMR spectral data. The agreement between the calculated dihedral angles and the measured coupling constants is especially excellent. The γ‐gauche effect is discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new selective population transfer experiment using a double pulsed field gradient spin‐echo
Authors: Uzawa Jun , Yoshida Shigeo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA new pulse sequence is proposed for the determination of scalar coupling correlation in small‐ and medium‐sized organic compounds. The method uses a combination of the double pulsed field gradient spin‐echo (DPFGSE) and the selective population transfer (SPT) techniques and is shown to be useful in the analysis of complex spectra with many overlapped signals. The usefulness of this method in the structural elucidation of natural substances is demonstrated using strychnine and digitoxin as examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient high‐frequency body coil for high‐field MRI
Authors: Vaughan J.T. , Adriany G. , Snyder C.J. , Tian J. , Thiel T. , Bolinger L. , Liu H. , DelaBarre L. , Ugurbil K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe use of body coils is favored for homogeneous excitation, and such coils are often paired with surface coils or arrays for sensitive reception in many MRI applications. While the body coil's physical size and resultant electrical length make this circuit difficult to design for any field strength, recent efforts to build efficient body coils for applications at 3T and above have been especially challenging. To meet this challenge, we developed an efficient new transverse electromagnetic (TEM) body coil and demonstrated its use in human studies at field strengths up to 4T. Head, body, and breast images were acquired within peak power constraints of <8 kW. Bench studies indicate that these body coils are feasible to 8T. RF shimming was used to remove a high‐field‐related cardiac imaging artifact in these preliminary studies. Magn Reson Med 52:851–859, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiogenesis in ectopic ovarian xenotransplantation: Multiparameter characterization of the neovasculature by dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Israely Tomer , Dafni Hagit , Nevo Nava , Tsafriri Alex , Neeman Michal 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIt has been suggested that ovarian cryopreservation and xenotransplantation can be used to preserve oocytes from damage during anticancer treatments. The main obstacle to subsequent ovarian grafting is loss of oocytes due to impaired perfusion. The aim of this study was to characterize angiogenic events following ovary xenotransplantation. Rat ovaries were transplanted into or onto the muscle of immunocompromised CD1‐nude mice. Ovariectomy (OVX) of host mice prior to transplantation supported the resumption of follicular development, as manifested by the prevalence of antral follicles and corpora lutea. Two days after transplantation, the grafts were devoid of blood supply. Functional vessels within the graft were detected by MRI and histology from day 7 and on. By 2–3 weeks, both blood volume fraction and permeability in the graft, as measured with the use of albumin‐based MR contrast material, were significantly elevated relative to the adjacent muscle. Extravasation of contrast material from the graft neovasculature was followed by interstitial convection in the muscle surrounding the graft, and draining toward the proximal popliteal lymph node. Development of the vasculature was monitored noninvasively, providing a time scale for revascularization and recovery of ovarian function following xenotransplantation of ovarian grafts. Magn Reson Med 52:741–750, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly parallel volumetric imaging with a 32‐element RF coil array
Authors: Zhu Yudong , Hardy Christopher J. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Giaquinto Randy O. , Dumoulin Charles L. , Kenwood Gontran , Niendorf Thoralf , Lejay Hubert , McKenzie Charles A. , Ohliger Michael A. , Rofsky Neil M. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe improvement of MRI speed with parallel acquisition is ultimately an SNR‐limited process. To offset acquisition‐ and reconstruction‐related SNR losses, practical parallel imaging at high accelerations should include the use of a many‐element array with a high intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spatial‐encoding capability, and an advantageous imaging paradigm. We present a 32‐element receive‐coil array and a volumetric paradigm that address the SNR challenge at high accelerations by maximally exploiting multidimensional acceleration in conjunction with noise averaging. Geometric details beyond an initial design concept for the array were determined with the guidance of simulations. Imaging with the support of 32‐channel data acquisition systems produced in vivo results with up to 16‐fold acceleration, including images from rapid abdominal and MRA studies. Magn Reson Med 52:869–877, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of myocardial viability in rats: Evaluation of a new method using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and Gd‐DOTA at high magnetic field
Authors: Chapon Catherine , Lemaire Laurent , Franconi Florence , Marescaux Laurent , Legras Pierre , Denizot Benoit , Le Jeune Jean‐Jacques 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to detect salvageable peri‐infarction myocardium by MRI in rats after infarction, using with a double contrast agent (CA) protocol at 7 Tesla. Intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and an extracellular paramagnetic CA (Gd‐DOTA) were used to characterize the peri‐infarction zone, which may recover function after reperfusion occurs. Infarcted areas measured from T1‐weighted (T1‐w) images post Gd‐DOTA administration were overestimated compared to histological TTC staining (52% ± 3% of LV surface area vs. 40% ± 3%, P = 0.03) or to T2‐w images post SPIO administration (41% ± 4%, P = 0.04), whereas areas measured from T2‐w images post SPIO administration were not significantly different from those measured histologically (P = 0.7). Viable and nonviable myocardium portions of ischemically injured myocardium were enhanced after diffusive Gd‐DOTA injection. The subsequent injection of vascular SPIO nanoparticles enables the discrimination of viable peri‐infarction regions by specifically altering the signal of the still‐vascularized myocardium. Magn Reson Med 52:932–936, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.