bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 and Post-infection Health Risk Assessment on Children Under Five Years: A Cross-sectional Study on Public Health Centres
Authors: Sari Kartika Citra Dewi Permata , Apriyanti Efa , Syafhan Nadia Farhanah , Rafli Achmad , Bakhitah Dhia , Vanessa Jihan , James Richard Muhammad Johari , Rahmasari Ratika , Kek Teh Lay , Salleh Mohd Zaki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BackgroundPublic health centres (PHCs) as primary healthcare in Indonesia were pivotal in handling COVID-19 detection, management, and reporting. Limited studies show various findings on COVID-19 management and its impact on further health risks, particularly in vulnerable populations like children under five years.MethodsThis cross-sectional study assessed secondary data from tracing reports, patient medical records, and integrated management childhood illness reports. Samples were collected using stratified random sampling based on three age groups (< 1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years) and the period of COVID-19 infection (2020, 2021, 2022) from ten district PHCs in East Jakarta. The collected data was analysed for descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 26thversion.Results677 patients were included in this study, with the majority from 2021 (44.2%) with age 28 [0-60] months and male patients (52.6%). Only 4.14% of them have available records of vaccination history in PHC, so the risks of further respiratory problems based on vaccination status were not feasible to assess. 23.63% of them received the COVID-19 medications, with the most frequently prescribed vitamins-supplements (27.96%) and cough-related medications (12.17%). Patients with medications have fewer visits to PHCs in one semester after COVID-19 (U=-2,728, p=0.006). Acute upper respiratory infection was the most prevalent (30.32%) reason for patients' revisits after COVID-19 infection, and there were also reinfection cases of COVID-19 (4.52%). The risks of respiratory problems have no significant difference between age group, gender, and COVID-19 treatment history. The lack of complete and integrated data availability has become a hurdle to further analysis.ConclusionA small proportion of children under five years were receiving COVID-19 medication in PHCs and it poses a potential impact of decreasing further patient encounters with healthcare. There is a need for better health data management and integration in PHCs to be used as comprehensive assessments of community health risks, particularly for special populations.
Impact of the pandemic on leisure physical activity and alcohol consumption – who were affected and who were not? Results from a Swedish longitudinal cohort study using two different methods to measure change
Authors: Granström Fredrik , Wenemark Marika , Festin Karin , Good Elin , Frielingsdorf Helena , Lowén Mats , Rystedt Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased morbidity and high mortality due to the Sars-Cov-2 virus, but the pandemic also influenced health behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to examine potential changes in leisure PA and alcohol consumption in Sweden during the pandemic, and to explore whether identified changes varied between sex, age groups and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Data were retrieved from two waves of the longitudinal cohort study Life conditions, Stress and Health (LSH) (n = 2,523). Two measures of change were used; longitudinal change relative to baseline (2012–2015) and reported change compared to before the pandemic. For these two change measures, differences between sex, age group and SES were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results Irrespective of change measure, the proportion with decreased PA was larger among women than men. Also, relative to baseline, women were less likely to having increased PA. However, according to the reported change relative to before the pandemic, women were more likely to have increased PA. Longitudinal change in PA compared to baseline followed a reversed age gradient, while, according to reported change, a decrease in PA during the pandemic was most prevalent in respondents 45 years of age at baseline (OR = 1.8, CI: 1.2–2.5) and respondents 50 years of age at baseline (OR = 1.7, CI: 1.2–2.4). High SES was associated with a greater variability in PA. Alcohol consumption was generally reduced during the pandemic. However, individuals aged 40 or 45 years at baseline were more likely than others to have initiated risky alcohol consumption. Conclusions Women were more likely to change their PA levels during the pandemic. The most profound decreases in PA were found in individuals of working ages. Although the pandemic led to a general decrease in alcohol consumption, individuals aged 40 and 45 were more likely than other ages to have initiated risky alcohol consumption. In conclusion, societal restrictions during a pandemic pose a risk for decreased PA among individuals in working ages, but can also open a window of opportunity, not least for women, to increase their PA levels.
Crown ether decorated silicon photonics for safeguarding against lead poisoning
Authors: Sia Jia Xu Brian , Ranno Luigi , Tan Yong Zen , Ong Chi Siang , Guo Xin , Koo Khong Nee , Li Xiang , Wang Wanjun , Serna Samuel , Liu Chongyang , Rusli Rusli , Littlejohns Callum , Reed Graham , Hu Juejun , Wang Hong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Lead (Pb2+) toxification in society is one of the most concerning public health crises that remains unaddressed. The exposure to Pb2+ poisoning leads to a multitude of enduring health issues, even at the part-per-billion scale (ppb). Yet, public action dwarfs its impact. Pb2+ poisoning is estimated to account for 1 millions deaths per year globally, which is in addition to its chronic impact on children. With their ring-shaped cavities, crown ethers are uniquely capable of selectively binding to specific ions. In this work, for the first time, the synergistic integration of highly-scalable silicon photonics, with crown ether amine conjugation via Fischer esterification in an environmentally-friendly fashion is demonstrated. This realizes a photonic platform that enables the in-situ, highly-selective and quantitative detection of various ions. The development dispels the existing notion that Fischer esterification is restricted to organic compounds, laying the ground for subsequent amine conjugation for various crown ethers. In this work, the platform is engineered for Pb2+ detection, demonstrating a large dynamic detection range of 1–262000 ppb with high selectivity against a wide range of relevant ions. These results indicate the potential for the pervasive implementation of the technology to safeguard against ubiquitous lead poisoning in our society.
Dosimetric Evaluation and Comparison of Collapsed Cone Algorithm with AAA and AcurosXB Algorithms for Lung Cancer Treatment Planning on the Varian Halcyon Accelerator
Authors: Shao Kainan , Du Fenglei , Qiu Lingyun , Zhang Yinghao , Li Yucheng , Ding Jieni , Zhan Wenming , Chen Weijun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:This study aims to compare the dosimetric calculationsin standard non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiotherapy planningusing the Collapsed Cone (CC) algorithm of the RayStation planningsystem on the Varian Halcyon accelerator, with the Analytical AnisotropicAlgorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB algorithms on the Eclipse accelerator.Methods:The RayStation planning system was employed to designthe RapidArc radiotherapy plans for 15 lung cancer patients on theHalcyon accelerator, using the CC algorithm for dose calculation.The plans were then transferred to the Eclipse planning system. Withoutmaking any changes to these plans, doses were computed using bothAAA and Acuros XB algorithms. The differences in dose-volume indicesfor the clinical target volume (CTV), planned target volume (PTV),and other organs at risk were evaluated.Results:Compared with the CC algorithm, the AAA algorithmshowed slightly lower dose-volume indices for both the CTV (D2%,D50%, D95%, D98%, and mean dose) and the PTV (D2%, D50%, andmean dose), with differences within 1%. Specifically, the PTV's D95%and D98% were respectively 1.7% and 2.4% lower, the heart's meandose was 3.2% lower, the lung's V20Gy was 0.2% lower, the averagedose was 0.2% higher, and the spinal cord's maximum dose (representedby D0.1cc) was 0.9% lower. In contrast to the CC algorithm, the AcurosXB algorithm also showed slightly lower dose-volume indices for theCTV and the PTV, with differences within 1.5%. Specifically, thePTV's D95% and D98% were respectively 1.6% and 2.3% lower, theheart's mean dose was 4.4% lower, the lung's V20Gy was 0.3% lower,the average dose was 1.4% lower, and the spinal cord's maximum dosewas 2.3% lower. Paired t-tests indicated that all these results hadsignificant differences (p<0.05).Conclusion:This study aimed to quantify the impact of usingRayStation system and CC algorithm on Halcyon accelerator for clinicaldose evaluations, by comparing it with the AAA and Acuros XB algorithmsof the Varian Eclipse planning system. For lung cancer radiotherapyplanning, dose calculations obtained from the AAA and Acuros XB algorithmsunder the Eclipse system were slightly lower compared to the RayStationCC algorithm across various clinical indices. Notably, the differencesin the PTV's D95% and D98% indices were over 1.5%, while dose indicesfor various organs at risk were approximately 2∼3% lower. The results of this study can serve as a reference for institutionsthat are preparing to use the RayStation planning system for the designand clinical application of plans on the Varian Halcyon accelerator.
Bromelain ameliorates inflammation and hyperlipidemia by modulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Sulumer Ayse Nurseli , Palabiyik Esra , Uguz Handan , Avci Bahri , Koc Kubra , Askin Hakan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) and responsible for major deaths worldwide since it contains abnormal levels of circulating plasma lipids. Bromelain(BRO) is a bioactive compound obtained from the pineapple stem belonging to the Bromeliaceae family. Through the modulation of the inflammation pathway, BRO can be considered a promising natural therapeutic agent for improving human health problems. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of BRO hypolipidemic, biochemical, histopathologically, and molecularly in hyperlipidemic rats. Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), and LDL cholesterol(LDL-C), AST, and ALT values were measured from blood samples. Oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination were assessed in the heart and liver tissues. Finally, to determine Srebp-1c, Lxr-α, matrix metalloproteinases(MMP), and inflammation, the gene expressions of Il-1β, Il-6, and Tnf-α in the same tissues were examined. BRO treatment prevented the increase in hyperlipidemic levels caused by tyloxapol administration. It reduced the rise in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In addition; lipid peroxidation levels induced by tyloxapol in rats showed that Bromelain protected the change in SOD and CAT activities by acting on oxidative stress parameters. BRO was also found to have a histopathologically protective effect against liver and heart tissue damage caused by hyperlipidemia. Inhibition of expression of Srebp-1c, Lxr-α, Mmp-2, Mmp-9 and proinflammatory cytokines Il-1β, Il-6, and Tnf-α genes also appeared. It was concluded that bromelain, an untested agent for hyperlipidemia, may be a promising new agent to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with free radical reactions, and inflammation in the liver and heart tissue.
Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Immunotherapy in China
Authors: Yang Xuying , Zhu Xuehua , Bai Jingcui , Zhang Jinhuang , Wang Yanli , Zhao Huanping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapyexperience various symptoms that have long-term effects on their quality of life. However, which symptom clusters are expressed and affect patients’ quality of life remain significantly controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore symptom clusters among lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and identify the impact of these clusters on their quality of life.
Data Sources: This was a cross-sectional study aimed at exploring the symptom experiences and quality of life of lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. The participants were invited to complete the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and Quality of Life Quality of Life Questionnaire—Lung Cancer 43 (QLQ-LC43). Principal component analysis, Spearman correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression were used to explore symptom clusters and identify their influence on quality of life.
Conclusion: Data from 240 participants was obtained, and identified five symptom clusters: emotion-related, lung cancer-specific, perceptual, skin, and neural symptom clusters. Adjustment for covariates revealed that emotion-related, lung cancer-specific, perceptual symptom clusters were negative predictors of quality of life. The fitted model explained approximately 56% of the variance.
Implications for Nursing Practice: This study demonstrated that lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy experienced symptoms that tended to occur in five clusters (i.e., emotion-related, lung cancer-specific, perceptual, skin, and neural symptoms). Developing interventions for emotion-related, lung cancer-specific, perceptual symptom clusters may effectively improve patients’ quality of life.
Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Patients Receiving 5- Fu Containing Chemotherapy- a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dsouza Anita , Chaudhari Jyoti , Ostwal Vikas , Pawar Akash , Saklani-Professor Avnish , Rane Pallavi , Jagdish Prathepa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction-
The burden of cognitive impairment in patients who receive chemotherapy is significant. This review seeks to find out the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients who have received 5 FU containing chemotherapy
Methods-
Pubmed, sciencedirect, CINAHL and Wiley were searched using the following key words in combination (cognition OR cognitive function OR cognitive impairment OR cognitive dysfunction) AND (5 FU OR 5 Fluorouracil OR chemotherapy). The reference lists of relevant studies were hand-searched to identify additional studies by two reviewers
Results-
The overall prevalence of cognitive in patients who received 5 FU containing chemotherapy is 29%.
Discussion-
Further research should study the impact of various chemotherapy protocols on cognitive functions in cancer survivors
Lung Ultrasound as a Predictive Tool for Ventilatory Requirements in Neonates with Respiratory Distress: An Observational Study from a Tertiary NICU in South India
Authors: VC Lokesh Kumar , Patla Vinod Kumar Reddy , Vadije Praveen Rao , Murki Srinivas , Subramanian Sreeram , Injeti Gnanavelu , Nagula Karthikeya , Vadyala Mounika , Garg Mehak , Thirunagari Shivani 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Though lung ultrasound (LUS) is a common tool for describing neonatal respiratory conditions, its effectiveness in predicting ventilation needs, especially for late preterm and term neonates with diverse respiratory etiologies, remains less studied [1, 2].
Objective
To evaluate the predictive ability of the lung ultrasound score for ventilation requirements in neonates on non-invasive respiratory support.
Methods
Between July 2021 and June 2023, we conducted an observational study on 192 neonates and included newborns with respiratory distress needing non-invasive respiratory support within 24 hours of birth. The primary outcome was the need for mechanical ventilation within 72 hours of beginning non-invasive support.
Results
Of the 192 neonates, 31 (16.1%) needed ventilation. The median lung USG (LUS) score was 5 (IQR: 2-7.5) for non-ventilated and 10 (IQR: 7–12) for ventilated neonates. The LUS had a strong discriminative ability for ventilation with an AUC (Area under the curve) of 0.825 (CI: 0.74–0.9, p = 0.0001). An LUS score of > 7 had a sensitivity of 77.4%, a specificity of 75.1%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 37.5%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.5%, and an accuracy of 75.5% for ventilation needs. On regression analysis, the LUS score predicted the need for ventilation with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.2–1.6, p < 0.0001). Antenatal steroid administration (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.12–1.9, p = 0.28), birthweight (OR: 1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.0, p = 0.52), maximum FiO2 requirement (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.9–1.1, p = 0.06), and the Silverman Anderson score (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.8–1.8, p = 0.3) failed to predict the need for ventilation.
Conclusion
The study highlights the LUS's capability to predict neonatal ventilation requirements within the first 72 hours of non-invasive support, especially when the score exceeds 7.
Optimized nutritional management mitigates short-term muscle mass loss in elderly frail patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Wenyue , Wang Xin , Chen Chen , Yang Dongliang , Wang Pengfei , Chen Jiewen , Li Yousheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide, highlighting the vulnerability of elderly individuals with frailty as a risk factor for adverse outcomes.
Aim
This study was designed to investigate whether early and appropriate nutritional intervention can mitigate skeletal muscle mass loss and improve clinical outcomes in frail older adults compared with standard hospital diet.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a general hospital in China from January to March 2023. Eligible patients provided informed consent and were randomly assigned to either the hospital diet group or the optimized diet group. The primary endpoint of the study was ΔSMI (change in skeletal muscle index between day 7 post-feeding and admission). Secondary endpoints included several indicators of body composition such as fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), extracellular water/total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), visceral fat area (VFA), and phase angle. Clinical outcomes were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospital stay.
Results
Fifty-five patients were recruited and analyzed between January and March 2023. Patients in the optimized diet group received a mean of 1.0 (SD 0.06) g/kg per day protein compared with 0.8 (SD 0.07) g/kg per day in the hospital diet group (P = 0.02). The average daily intake over 7 days was 26 (SD 6.1) kcal/kg for the optimized diet group and 21 (SD 7.2) kcal/kg for the hospital diet group(P = 0.0171). Both groups showed a reduction in skeletal muscle index (SMI), with participants receiving the optimized diet intervention showing a comparatively smaller decrease in SMI compared to those on the hospital diet (0.57 [SD 0.08] kg/m2 vs. 0.16 [SD 0.07] kg/m2, P = 0.0003). The other parameters, including fat-free mass, visceral fat area, ECW/TBW ratio, and phase angle, did not show significant differences between the two groups. During hospitalization, two patients in the hospital diet group and one patient in the optimized diet group succumbed to respiratory failure as the direct cause of death. However, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the two groups (P > 0.99). The mean duration of hospital stay for patients in the optimized diet group was 12.3 days, which was significantly shorter compared to the hospital diet group with a mean duration of 14.4 days (P = 0.0211).
Conclusions
Our study results suggest that early, appropriate, and rational optimization of diet may mitigate short-term muscle mass loss while reducing hospital stay.
Hypoxia-induced TPC2 transcription and glycosylation aggravates pulmonary arterial hypertension by blocking autophagy flux
Authors: li chao , li cheng , Jiang YuFei , Liu MoFei , Yang ChengYi , Lu JiaXin , Jiang YongLiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious medical condition that causes a failure in the right heart. Two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) is upregulated in PAH, but its roles in PAH remain largely unknown. Our investigation aims at the mechanisms by which TPC2 regulates PAH development.
Methods
We established an experimental PAH rat model via monocrotaline administration. Human and rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were treated hypoxia as in vitro cell PAH models. The thickness of pulmonary arterial wall and obstructive arteriopathy in rats were examined. Autophagy was detected through TEM, lysosomal pH and Ca2+ measurement and mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection. The expression of α-SMA, LC3, p62, TPC2, HIF1α and STT3B were analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot or IHC staining. The binding of HIF1α to TPC2 promoter was determined by ChIP-qPCR and EMSA assays. TPC2 glycosylation was evaluated by western blot. Transwell assay was applied to analyze cell migration.
Results
TPC2 expression was promoted and autophagy was inhibited in PAH rats and hypoxia-treated PASMCs. HIF1α directly bound to the promoter of TPC2, thus transcriptionally activating its expression in PAH rats and hypoxic PASMCs. Knockdown of TPC2 facilitated autophagic flux and repressed PASMC migration. STT3B enhanced TPC2 glycosylation in hypoxic PASMCs. Furthermore, Overexpression of TPC2 suppressed autophagic flux and promoted PASMC migration, but these effects were abrogated by STT3B knockdown or PNGase F, an eraser of N-linked glycans. Suppression of TPC2 enhanced autophagy and alleviated PAH in vivo.
Conclusion
HIF1α-induced TPC2 transcription and subsequent STT3B-dependent TPC2 glycosylation inhibit autophagic flux and aggravate PAH. Our study suggests TCP2 as a potential therapeutic target for PAH.