bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Time‐Out Checklist: A Simulation Study
Authors: Clebone Anna , Duggar Brian , Mandler Tessa N. , Burian Barbara K. , Masaracchia Melissa M. , Polaner David 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Quality and Safety Committee developed the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Time‐Out Checklist, consisting of 14 safety items intended to be reviewed by an anesthesia team prior to a regional anesthetic. Primarily, we hypothesized that use of this Checklist would increase the number of safety items performed compared with no checklist, evaluating the usefulness of this tool. Secondarily, we hypothesized that, after checklist training, subjects would show better clinical judgment by electing to perform a regional anesthetic in scenarios in which no programmed error existed and electing to not perform a regional anesthetic in scenarios in which a programmed error did exist.MethodsEach anesthesia attending/trainee pair participated in 12 different randomized video‐recorded medium‐fidelity regional anesthesia simulation scenarios, receiving checklist training after half of the scenarios had been completed by each pair. In four of the scenarios, subjects were expected to decline to perform the regional anesthetic because of an error programmed into the scenario. Two errors consisted of a maximum dose of local anesthetic given by the surgeon immediately prior to the planned regional anesthetic and two errors consisted of coagulation issues prior to neuraxial block (1 with a low platelet count and 1 receiving low molecular weight heparin). Scenarios were scored for the number of safety items identified and performed by the subjects. Additionally, the team's choice to perform the regional anesthetic or abort was recorded.ResultsOne‐hundred and thirty‐two scenarios were performed by 22 physicians. A greater number of safety items were completed after training on the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Time‐Out Checklist, for each of 11 individual groups and when data from all groups was pooled, p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.33, 0.41). Overall, 78% of safety items studied were performed after checklist training compared to 41% of safety items performed prior to training. The team's choice to perform or abort the regional anesthetic occurred as expected more often (92% of scenarios) after Checklist training, compared to before checklist training (77% of scenarios), t = 3.41; p = 0.001, 95% CI (0.03, 0.27). Teams chose to perform the regional anesthetic despite a programmed error in three scenarios (0.05%) prior to Checklist training and no scenarios (0%) after Checklist training.ConclusionPediatric Regional Anesthesia Time‐Out Checklist training led to an increased number of safety items performed prior to a simulated anesthetic.
Household Debt, Financial Balance, and Macroeconomic Stability: An Empirical Stock‐Flow Consistent Model of the UK Economy
Authors: Lu Saite 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper constructs an empirical stock‐flow consistent model (SFCM) for the UK economy (UKFINMOD) based on national accounts. Unlike many macro‐econometric models that focus solely on flow variables, SFCMs emphasize the importance of national balance sheets and ensure their consistency with flow variables. Without incorporating national balance sheets, macroeconomic models cannot fully capture the general equilibrium effects in the economy or model the interactions between the real economy and financial sectors. Using the UKFINMOD, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the household sector to identify potential macroeconomic instability caused by over‐indebtedness. This study, aligned with the sectoral financial balance approach used by Godley in 1999 and Godley and Zezza in 2006, intends to identify unsustainable economic trajectories. The financial stability of households is discussed under different economic backgrounds, including the housing‐credit reinforcing cycle and the new pension scheme in the United Kingdom that allows early pension withdrawals. These findings suggest that monitoring household debt‐to‐income ratios, along with financial balances, is essential for identifying financial crises. This alternative modeling strategy should be integrated into the suite of macroeconomic models, as proposed by Blanchard in 2018.
Static States for Rotating Two‐Component Bose–Einstein Condensates
Authors: Hajaiej Hichem , Luo Xiao , Yang Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study static states for rotating two‐component Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in two and three dimensions. This leads to analyze normalized solutions for a coupled Schrödinger system with rotation. In dimension two, it corresponds to a mass‐critical problem, for which we obtain some existence and nonexistence results. In the three‐dimensional case, the problem becomes mass‐supercritical, where we prove a multiplicity result along with an accurately asymptotical analysis. Furthermore, a stability result is also established in both cases. We not only extend the main results in Ardila and Hajaiej (Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations 35 (2023), 1643–1665), Arbunich et al. (Letters in Mathematical Physics 109 (2019), 1415–1432), and Luo and Yang (Journal of Differential Equations 304 (2021), 326–347) from the rotating one‐component BEC to rotating two‐component BECs, but we also partially extend the results of Guo et al. (Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 37 (2017), 3749–3786; Journal of Differential Equations 264 (2018), 1411–1441) from nonrotating two‐component BECs to rotating two‐component BECs.
Chebotarov Continua, Jenkins–Strebel Differentials and Related Problems: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Bertola M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe detail a numerical algorithm and related code to construct rational quadratic differentials on the Riemann sphere that satisfy the Boutroux condition. These differentials, in special cases, provide solutions of (generalized) Chebotarov problem as well as being instances of Jenkins–Strebel differentials. The algorithm allows to construct Boutroux differentials with prescribed polar part, thus being useful in the theory of weighted capacity and random matrices.
Building a culture that empowers and motivates mathematics teacher leaders as change agents
Authors: Smith Wendy M. , Funk Rachel , Quaisley Kelsey , McMillon Emily 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMathematics teacher leaders may play an integral role in supporting change to address inequities in STEM education. To harness this potential, there is a need to identify effective professional development models that empower and motivate mathematics teacher leaders. We examine one such model focused on developing 30 K‐12 mathematics teacher leaders to support and expand teacher leadership within Nebraska, USA. Data analysis from interviews and surveys suggest that the project's focus on building and expanding teacher leaders' professional networks and increasing access to a variety of leadership opportunities contributed to a culture that empowered and motivated teacher leaders. Using the four frames model of organizational change in STEM, we identify several cultural features that contributed to the project's impact, including a cohort model connecting like‐minded educators that supported each other's efforts to enact changes; a distributed leadership philosophy that positioned participants as leaders within the project and at the university in which the project was situated; structural supports (e.g., funding, awards) for participants to engage in leadership; and a tailored approach to support participants based on their individual goals and vision for leadership. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for developing and supporting mathematics teacher leadership.
School‐level physical science enrollment and performance as mediators of the influence of poverty on graduation
Authors: Hatzfeld Jon , Kelly Angela M. , Krakehl Robert 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis cross‐sectional, observational study examined how school‐level academic performance and enrollment in the physical sciences (Earth science, chemistry, and physics) mediate the predictive value of socioeconomic status on graduation rate in U.S. high schools. Data were collected from N = 555 schools (475,539 students) that reported enrollment and passing rates on physical science standardized assessments. A structural equation model accounted for the hierarchical nature of the physical sciences and controlled for the influence of school size. Results indicated that chemistry enrollment and Earth science performance partially mediated the effects of poverty on graduation rates. These results provide high need schools with a roadmap for increasing graduation rates through targeted interventions in physical science participation and performance, which may facilitate pathways to postsecondary STEM study and careers.
Image of mathematics: A case study of two women's early mathematics experiences
Authors: Zhou Lili , Suazo‐Flores Elizabeth , Sapkota Bima , Mbewe Rose , Newton Jill 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPeople often view mathematics as abstract, cold, and irrelevant to real life, and their school experiences likely influence such views. In this case study, we investigated the mathematics experiences of two women who participated in an afterschool girls‐only STEM club 30 years ago when they were in fifth and sixth grades. We explored how the participants' early in‐ and out‐of‐school experiences informed their images of mathematics. We collected data through a survey, focus group interviews, and individual interviews. We employed oral history methods in interviews to grant participants a significant degree of freedom to retrospectively recount and reconstruct their experiences. Through a (dis)continuities lens, the findings reveal that individuals' images of mathematics are dynamic and strongly linked to their learning experiences across various contexts, extending beyond traditional school settings. We recommend that educators bridge out‐of‐school practices with in‐school mathematics learning by introducing approaches that deviate from stereotypical models. Additionally, we encourage educators to reconsider mathematics learning goals, aiming to help students perceive mathematics as a normal facet of human practices.
Orientations‐in‐practice: Mathematics and science preservice secondary teachers learning to orchestrate discussions
Authors: Zangori Laura , Snider Rachel B. , Morge Shelby , Rogers Meredith Park , Hargrove Tracy , Hermann Ronald S. , Howell Heather 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHolding productive classroom discussions to illuminate student thinking is valued in both mathematics and science education. However, this practice can be challenging for even the most experienced teachers. Facilitating such a discussion requires in‐the‐moment decisions about questions and responses that will elicit student thinking and navigate the conversation toward a learning goal. These in‐the‐moment decisions are uncovered during observations and are considered a teachers’ orientations‐in‐practice, as they are composed of a teachers’ beliefs, dispositions, values, tastes, and preferences. To that end, the purpose of this study was to uncover secondary preservice teachers’ (PSTs) developing orientations‐in‐practice for discussion orchestration. We analyzed 29 (16 math; 13 science) PSTs video performances, which took place in an online simulated classroom environment. Three question and response patterns emerged across all PSTs: (1) framed questions and responses to navigate student thinking, (2) tightened questions and responses to direct student thinking toward more acceptable responses, or (3) used few questions and depended on telling to drive student thinking toward the correct response. Overall, the simulation provided a means to uncover patterns for how PSTs are developing orientations‐in‐practice. Implications from this study focus on how to support PSTs in adjusting their classroom discussion practice in science and mathematics.
Health‐related quality of life in Chagas cardiomyopathy: Development of a theoretical model
Authors: Silva Whesley Tanor , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , de Oliveira Lucas Frois Fernandes , Silva Keity Lamary Souza , Ávila Matheus Ribeiro , Azevedo Thaís Souza , de Alcantara Marcus Alessandro , de Carvalho Bastone Alessandra , Filho Renato Guilherme Trede , Lima Vanessa Pereira , Lacerda Ana Cristina Rodrigues , Mendonça Vanessa Amaral , de Castro Faria Sanny Cristina , Souza Daniel Menezes , de Oliveira Luciano Fonseca Lemos , Figueiredo Pedro Henrique Scheidt , Costa Henrique Silveira 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveChagas disease can cause several complications, such as Chagas cardiomyopathy, the most severe clinical form of the disease. Chagas cardiomyopathy is complex and involves biological and psychosocial factors that can compromise health‐related quality of life. However, it is necessary to establish interactions that significantly impact the health‐related quality of life of this population. Therefore, we aimed to develop and present a theoretical model on the impact of Chagas cardiomyopathy on the health‐related quality of life of patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study with a multi‐methodology approach. The model's development process relied on the findings of a systematic review of qualitative studies, as well as a qualitative study involving participants from original communities, conventional rural areas and urban centres. Patients diagnosed with Chagas cardiomyopathy were interviewed using a semistructured research script, and the sample size was determined by theoretical saturation. Ultimately, the model underwent evaluation and received approval from three specialists in Chagas cardiomyopathy.ResultsPatients experience many emotional conflicts, manifested by feelings of sadness, existential emptiness and anxiety. They have fears related to the course of the disease, the inability to care for the people they love, their suffering and that of the family caregivers, as well as the fear of invasive treatments and death. The model based on social determinants of health was created and presented three different levels of factors that impact patients' health‐related quality of life. At the first and most external level are social, cultural and environmental conditions: absence from work, difficulties in accessing healthcare services, limited resources for specialised care and geographical barriers to accessing healthcare services. At a more internally committed level, there are social factors and community networks encompassing social isolation, family conflicts, social stigma, emotional aspects, fears and disabilities. The innermost layer of factors represents personal and behavioural complaints, such as physical ailments and poor sleep quality.ConclusionThe factors that affect the health‐related quality of life of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy are diverse in their biopsychosocial nature.
The ins and outs of liver fat metabolism: The effect of phenotype and diet on risk of intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation
Authors: Smith Kieran , Dennis Kaitlyn M. J. H. , Hodson Leanne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn health, the liver is a metabolically flexible organ that plays a key role in regulating systemic lipid and glucose concentrations. There is a constant flux of fatty acids (FAs) to the liver from multiple sources, including adipose tissue, dietary, endogenously synthesized from non‐lipid precursors, intrahepatic lipid droplets and recycling of triglyceride‐rich remnants. Within the liver, FAs are used for triglyceride synthesis, which can be oxidized, stored or secreted in very low‐density lipoproteins into the systemic circulation. The processes of FA uptake, FA synthesis and the intracellular partitioning of FAs into storage, oxidation or secretory pathways are tightly regulated. An imbalance in these processes causes intrahepatic triglyceride to accumulate and is associated with the development of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease. It is well appreciated that many factors can influence intrahepatic FA partitioning, and although there is good evidence that both phenotype (e.g., sex, ethnicity and adiposity) and dietary macronutrient composition can play a role in intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, their interaction remains poorly understood. The aim of this review is to explore how the respective pathways of FA delivery, synthesis and disposal are altered by phenotype and understand how dietary macronutrient composition might influence the partitioning of FAs in the liver in vivo, in humans.
Improving brain health via the central executive network
Authors: Bigliassi Marcelo , Cabral Danylo F. , Evans Amanda C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCognitive and physical stress have significant effects on brain health, particularly through their influence on the central executive network (CEN). The CEN, which includes regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobe, is central to managing the demands of cognitively challenging motor tasks. Acute stress can temporarily reduce connectivity within the CEN, leading to impaired cognitive function and emotional states. However a rebound in these states often follows, driven by motivational signals through the mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways, which help sustain inhibitory control and task execution. Chronic exposure to physical and cognitive challenges leads to long‐term improvements in CEN functionality. These changes are supported by neurochemical, structural and systemic adaptations, including mechanisms of tissue crosstalk. Myokines, adipokines, anti‐inflammatory cytokines and gut‐derived metabolites contribute to a biochemical environment that enhances neuroplasticity, reduces neuroinflammation and supports neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. These processes strengthen CEN connectivity, improve self‐regulation and enable individuals to adopt and sustain health‐optimizing behaviours. Long‐term physical activity not only enhances inhibitory control but also reduces the risk of age‐related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the role of progressive physical stress through exercise as a practical approach to strengthening the CEN and promoting brain health, offering a strategy to improve cognitive resilience and emotional well‐being across the lifespan.
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Prevalence and predictors of sub-optimal laboratory monitoring of selected higher risk medicines in Irish general practice: a 5-year retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: McCarthy Caroline , Moriarty Frank , Doherty Ann Sinéad , Feighery Mark , Boland Fiona , Fahey Tom , Wallace Emma 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of sub-optimal monitoring for selected higher-risk medicines in older community-dwelling adults and to evaluate patient characteristics and outcomes associated with sub-optimal monitoring.Study designRetrospective observational study (2011–2015) using historical general practice-based cohort data and linked dispensing data from a national pharmacy claims database.SettingIrish primary care.Participants625 community-dwelling adults aged ≥70 years and prescribed at least one higher-risk medicine during the 5-year study period.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the prevalence of sub-optimal laboratory monitoring using a composite measure of published medication monitoring indicators, with a focus on commonly prescribed higher-risk medicines such as diuretics and anticoagulants. Poisson regression was used to assess the patient characteristics associated with sub-optimal monitoring and explanatory variables included the number of medicines, age, sex, deprivation and anxiety/depression symptoms. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between baseline sub-optimal monitoring and the odds of adverse health outcomes (unplanned healthcare utilisation, adverse drug reactions and mortality).ResultsOf 625 participants, the mean age was 77.7 years, 53% were female, the mean number of drugs was 7.3 (SD 3.3) and 499 (79.8%) had ≥1 unmonitored dispensing over 5 years. The number of drugs, deprivation and anxiety/depression symptoms were significantly associated with sub-optimal monitoring, with the strongest association seen for anxiety/depression symptoms (incidence rate ratio: 1.33, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.68). There was a small but significant association between baseline sub-optimal monitoring and emergency department visits at follow-up, but no evidence of an association with unplanned hospital admissions, mortality or adverse drug reactions.ConclusionThe prevalence of sub-optimal medication monitoring was high, and number of drugs, deprivation and anxiety/depression symptoms were significantly associated with sub-optimal monitoring. However, the public health impact of these findings remains uncertain, as there was no clear evidence of an association between sub-optimal monitoring and adverse health outcomes. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of improved monitoring strategies and the optimal timing for drug monitoring of higher risk medications.
Global insight into rare disease and orphan drug definitions: a systematic literature review
Authors: Abozaid Ghada Mohammed , Kerr Katie , Alomary Hiba , Al-Omar Hussain A , McKnight Amy 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study sheds light on the available global definitions, classifications, and criteria used for rare diseases (RDs), ultrarare diseases (URDs), orphan drugs (ODs) and ultraorphan drugs (UODs) and provides insights into the rationale behind these definitions.DesignA systematic literature review was conducted to identify existing definitions and the criteria used to define RDs, ODs and their subtypes.Data sourcesSearches were performed in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science (Science and Social Sciences Citation Index) databases covering articles published from 1985 to 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEnglish-language studies on the general human population were included if they provided definitions or criteria for RDs, ODs and/or their subtypes without restrictions on publication year, country or jurisdiction.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers conducted the search, screening and data extraction. Narrative synthesis, content analysis and descriptive analyses were conducted to extract and categorise definitions and criteria from these sources. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools.ResultsOnline searches identified 2712 published articles. Only 93 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 209 distinct definitions extracted. Specifically, 93 of these articles pertained to 119 RDs, 11 URDs, 67 ODs and 12 UODs. These definitions varied in their reliance on prevalence based and other contextual criteria.ConclusionPrevalence-based criteria alone pose challenges, as disease frequencies differ by country. Establishing country-specific definitions can enhance understanding, support intercountry evaluations, improve healthcare efficiency and access to ODs, and strengthen equity and equality in healthcare. Such efforts would also promote research and development and support better outcomes for patients with complex and rare conditions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021252701.