bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of cataract, cataract surgery with dementia risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 448,140 participants
Authors: Liu Xin , Guan Zeyu , Liang Shucheng , Feng Shenghui , Zhou Yue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCataract is the leading cause of blindness around the world. Previous investigations have assessed the relationship between cataract, cataract surgery and dementia risk, but their results remain controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the associations between cataract, cataract surgery and the risk of dementia.MethodsWe systemically screened the literature from three electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL until April 2023. The data were collected by two independent researchers. The hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) from eligible studies with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted into the risk ratios (RRs), which were pooled using the random‐effects model.ResultsA total of nine studies with 448,140 participants reported the associations between cataract or cataract surgery and the risk of dementia were included in this meta‐analysis. The outcomes of our pooled analysis indicated that cataract was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause dementia (RR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.14–1.35, p < .00001), Alzheimer's disease (RR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.10–1.35, p = .0002) and vascular dementia (RR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.01–1.66, p = .04). Cataract surgery is associated with a reduction of the dementia risk (RR = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.67–0.81, p < .00001).ConclusionsCurrent evidence from the existing studies supports that cataract is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and cataract surgery may be instrumental in reducing the risk of dementia in patients with cataract.
Connected headwaters: Indelible field evidence of dispersal by a diverse caddisfly assemblage up stream valleys to dry catchment boundaries
Authors: Lancaster Jill , Downes Barbara J. , Finn Debra S. , St Clair Rosalind M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract1. Integral to many ecological models is the notion that dispersal connects populations and communities in disparate locations. For stream insects, however, there is very little empirical information about which species and what proportion of the species in a community are likely to disperse, in what direction and how far they travel, and whether dispersal is successful in connecting populations and communities. This study examines whether species of caddisfly can disperse between catchments and potentially connect communities.2. We used a novel sampling design comprising five pairs of streams. Each stream in a pair flowed from the same boundary, but in opposite directions and into isolated catchments. We surveyed abundances of adult caddisflies on the catchment boundary (boundary species) where there was no water (Up location), and on two locations per stream (Middle, Down locations) where there was permanently flowing water (resident species). If caddisflies fly along the topographic features of stream valleys, then we expected to find adults on the ridge between catchments and, if dispersal is successful, stream communities in adjacent catchments should have similar species composition.3. Over 130 species of caddisfly (from 18 families) were collected. Approximately half of them occurred on at least one catchment boundary, and Up locations averaged almost 20 species. Boundary species included both the smallest‐ and largest‐bodied taxa and they were a near perfect subset of species in resident assemblages. However, boundary species were not simply the most common in resident assemblages. There was no evidence of sex‐biased dispersal. Unsurprisingly, assemblage composition varied across the landscape, within and among catchments. However, resident assemblages within stream pairs were significantly more similar to one another than unpaired streams in either the same or in different catchments.4. Our results suggest that a surprisingly diverse set of caddisflies disperse up to catchment boundaries and potentially connect streams on either side of catchment divides. Nevertheless, many other caddisfly species were never recorded at Up sites and hence may never or only rarely reach catchment boundaries.5. These outcomes suggest, firstly, that some caddisflies are capable of trans‐catchment dispersal but it is incorrect to assume that all caddisflies are good dispersers, as is often stated in the literature. Secondly, caddisfly assemblages in headwater streams may be less isolated than is often considered and the dendritic structure of stream networks may be less important for their distribution patterns than the proximity of tributaries in neighbouring catchments, in many landscapes. Trans‐catchment dispersal could ensure community connectivity and facilitate recovery after catchment‐wide extinctions.
Inequalities in undergraduate participation and performance in Irish higher education
Authors: Borooah Vani , Knox Colin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on two aspects of gender inequality in Irish higher education: inequality in participation by gender and inequality of performance by gender, institution and subject. We use a rich set of data from the Higher Education Authority of Ireland which detail inter alia enrolment in institutions of higher education—Universities and Institutes of Technology—and record the class of degree received by graduating students, by subject and gender. The first aspect was the participation of women. Although more women enrolled as full‐time undergraduates in universities than did men, the reverse was the case in the Institutes of Technology. This had much to do with the subject structure of universities vis‐à‐vis the Institutes of Technology in tandem with the subject preferences of women and men. The second issue was inequality in performance. A major conclusion of this paper is thatafterenrolment there was little difference between the success rates of women and men in receiving first‐class degrees in the different subjects but there was considerable difference between the institutions.
X‐ray computed tomography of deep‐sea clay as tools to detect rare earth elements and yttrium enrichment
Authors: Usui Yoichi , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Iijima Koichi , Machiyama Hideaki , Ichiyama Yuji , Tanaka Erika , Fujinaga Koichiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPelagic clay that contains rare‐earth elements and yttrium (REY) at over 2000 ppm (termed “highly REY‐rich mud”) has been reported from a few areas in the western North Pacific Ocean through focused geochemical analyses. Those REY are carried by biogenic calcium phosphate, suggesting that the formation of highly REY‐rich mud involves enhanced biological productivity. However, detecting REY enrichment in sediment is time‐consuming, and the global significance of the formation of REY‐rich mud is still under debate. Here we perform x‐ray computed tomography (CT) analyses on cores recovered around Minamitorishima Island and demonstrate the positive correlation with highly REY‐rich mud and high CT numbers of the sediment. The variation of the CT number matches the wet bulk density. Further quantitative analyses using direct measurements of density and geochemistry suggest that a grain density increase and a porosity decrease due to the REY‐carrying biogenic apatite are essential to explain the high CT numbers in the REY‐enriched layer. While the chemical composition itself is of minor importance to elevate the CT numbers, our results suggest that x‐ray CT can be a proxy for highly REY‐rich mud.
Increasing illness severity of skilled nursing facility patients over time: Implications for readmission penalties
Authors: Siskind David , Dhansew Tarayn , Burns Amira , Burns Edith 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent financial penalties for rehospitalization of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) patients are based in part on the studies by Ouslander et al., 2011, and Mor et al., 2010, demonstrating that many SNF hospitalizations were avoidable. With increasing age, complex illness severity, and use of SNFs for subacute rehabilitation, readmission metrics and financial penalties based on previous data may be due for reevaluation.MethodsRetrospective electronic medical record (EMR) review of 21,591 admissions and discharges between 2010 and 2019 inclusive. Data extracted included demographics, LACE, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and simplified HOSPITAL score parameters. The scores were calculated for the study years from the extracted data. Patients readmitted to the hospital within 30 days were identified.ResultsMean yearly score of all three indices rose steadily: LACE score 10.76–12.04 (0.43 estimated annual increase, 95% CI [0.39, 0.46]), CCI 4.26–5.05 (0.31 estimated annual increase, 95% CI [0.27, 0.34]), and simplified HOSPITAL score 3.46–4.03 (0.21 estimated annual increase, 95% CI [0.18, 0.24]). The estimated probability of readmission across observed CCI scores ranged from 15.4% to 15.9%, 95% CI bounds (10.8%, 22.7%). The estimated probability of readmission across observed LACE scores ranged from 4.7% to 36.3%, 95% CI bounds (3.4%, 54.7%). The estimated probability of readmission across observed HOSPITAL scores ranged from 5.8% to 54.1%, 95% CI bounds (6.2%, 66.0%).Conclusions and ImplicationsThe study confirms anecdotal experience that the illness acuity of patients admitted to SNFs increased progressively over time and was associated with an increased risk of 30‐day readmissions to the hospital. Our study suggests that the use of clinically validated readmission risk assessment tools instead of the Skilled Nursing Facility Value‐Based Purchasing Program (SNF VBP) current risk adjustors may be a more accurate reflection of the current illness severity of a facility's patient population at the time of payment adjustment.
Comparative study on the Ru ware, Ru‐type ware of Qingliangsi kiln and celadon of Zhanggongxiang kiln
Authors: Tao Shiqian , Li Qiang , Yao Heliang , Liu Song , Li Qinghui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThirty‐three porcelain shards (28 Ru ware and 5 Ru‐type ware) unearthed from Qinglingsi kiln and 31 celadon fragments from Zhanggongxiang kiln were studied systematically for tracing their correlation and difference in glaze and body characteristics through a variety of characterisation methods. Samples without HF corrosion were applied to achieve the microstructure and composition details by SEM and TEM. Results exhibited that there were certain similarities between Ru ware, Ru‐type ware and Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon in glaze colour and thickness, body features, fracture structure; however, they showed obvious differences in body thickness, chemical composition of glaze and body, phase constituents and microstructure of glaze. Plentiful needle‐like diopside were widely distributed in Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon glazes, while this type of crystals was only existed in few Ru and Ru‐type ware glazes with small content. Besides, a large amount of residual quartz was present over the Ru ware glazes, which could have relation to the incorporation of agate. The liquid‐liquid phase separation structure (Ca‐rich droplets and Si‐rich matrix) was generated within the interspaces of anorthite clusters or around the brims of anorthite needles or columns. The occurrence of phase separation was generally accompanied by Al2O3 consumption, but suppressed in the areas far from anorthite due to the rise of Al2O3 content, indicating that Al2O3 was the most sensitive constituent for this glaze behaviour. The distinguished size, shape and distribution of phase‐separated droplets or interconnected structures were closely associated with the scale and crowding level of anorthite crystallisation.
Does BRAF mutation status and related clinicopathological factors affect the recurrence rate of ameloblastoma? A systematic review, meta‐analysis and metaregression
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Alagarsamy Ragavi , Chaulagain Rajib , Singh Abanish , Sapkota Dipak , Thavaraj Selvam , Singh Rabindra P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis review aims to analyse the recurrence rate in BRAFv600e+ and BRAFv600e− ameloblastomas and explore its association with clinicopathological variables.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar and grey literature, without any limitation on start date or language up to 20 June 2023. A random effect meta‐analysis was conducted and Metaregression analyses were performed based on available clinicopathological factors.ResultsFifteen studies met the criteria for meta‐analysis of outcomes. There was no significant difference in overall recurrence rates between the two groups (risk difference = 0.001, p‐value = 0.987). Increasing male:female ratio in the BRAFv600e+ group was associated with a lower reported recurrence, suggesting a higher recurrence rate in females. The odds of having mandibular lesion were four times higher in BRAFv600e+ cases compared to BRAFv600e− cases (confidence interval: 2.121–7.870, p < 0.001, I2 = 28.37%).ConclusionWithin the BRAFv600e+ group, females showed a higher reported recurrence rate. This specific clinical group may benefit from BRAFv600e mutation investigation and potential upscaled surgical treatment and additional BRAF inhibitor therapy, which needs validation in future studies.
COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness in children by age groups. A population‐based study in Galicia, Spain
Authors: Mallah Narmeen , Pardo‐Seco Jacobo , Ares‐Gómez Sonia , López‐Pérez Luis‐Ricardo , González‐Pérez Juan‐Manuel , Rosón Benigno , Otero‐Barrós María‐Teresa , Durán‐Parrondo Carmen , Nartallo‐Penas Victoria , Mirás‐Carballal Susana , Rodríguez‐Tenreiro‐Sánchez Carmen , Rivero‐Calle Irene , Gómez‐Carballa Alberto , Salas Antonio , Martinón‐Torres Federico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID‐19 in the pediatric population are outgoing. We aimed to quantify VE against SARS‐CoV‐2 in two pediatric age groups, 5–11 and 12–17‐year‐old, while considering vaccine type, SARS‐CoV‐2 variant, and duration of protection.MethodsA population‐based test‐negative control study was undertaken in Galicia, Spain. Children 5–11‐year‐old received the Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US) vaccine, while those aged 12–17‐year‐old received the Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US) or SpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc) vaccine. Participants were categorized into unvaccinated (0 doses or one dose with <14 days since vaccination), partially vaccinated (only one dose with ≥14 days, or two doses with <14 days after the second dose administration), and fully vaccinated (two doses with ≥14 days after the second injection). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. VE was calculated as (1‐OR) * 100. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsIn the fully vaccinated 5–11‐year‐old children, VE against the Omicron variant was 44.1% (95% CI: 38.2%–49.4%). In the fully vaccinated 12–17‐year‐old individuals, VE was 83.4% (95% CI: 81.2%–85.3%) against Delta and 74.8% (95% CI: 58.5%–84.9%) against Omicron. Comirnaty® and SpikeVax® vaccines showed a similar magnitude of VE against Delta [Comirnaty® VE: 81.9% (95% CI: 79.3%–84.1%) and SpikeVax® VE: 85.3% (95% CI: 81.9%–88.1%)]. Comirnaty® (Pfizer, US; VE: 79.7%; 95% CI: 50.7%–92.4%) showed a slightly higher magnitude of protection against Omicron than SpikeVax® (ModernaTX, Inc), yet with an overlapping CI (VE: 74.3%; 95% CI: 56.6%–84.9%). VE was maintained in all age subgroups in both pediatric populations, but it declined over time.ConclusionsIn Galicia, mRNA VE was moderate against SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the 5–11‐year‐old populations, but high in older children. VE declined over time, suggesting a potential need for booster dose schedules.
Knowing what it's like
Authors: Lee Andrew Y. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDavid Lewis—famously—never tasted vegemite. Did he have any knowledge of what it's like to taste vegemite? Most say ‘no’; I say ‘yes’. I argue that knowledge of what it's like varies along a spectrum from more exact to more approximate, and that phenomenal concepts vary along a spectrum in how precisely they characterize what it's like to undergo their target experiences. This degreed picture contrasts with the standard all‐or‐nothing picture, where phenomenal concepts and phenomenal knowledge lack any such degreed structure. I motivate the degreed picture by appeal to (1) limits in epistemic abilities such as recognition, imagination, and inference, and (2) the semantics of ‘knows what it's like’ expressions. I argue that approximate phenomenal knowledge cannot be explained merely via determinable or vague phenomenal concepts. I develop a framework for systematizing approximate knowledge of phenomenal character. And I explain how my view challenges some standard assumptions about the acquisition conditions, requirements for mastery, and referential mechanisms of phenomenal concepts.
Grounding physicalism and the knowledge argument
Authors: Moran Alex 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStandard responses to the knowledge argument grant that Mary could know all of the physical facts even while trapped inside her black‐and‐white room. What they deny is that upon leaving her black‐and‐white room and experiencing red for the first time, Mary learns a genuinely new fact. This paper develops an alternate response in a grounding physicalist framework, on which Mary does not know all of the physical facts while trapped inside the room. The main thesis is that Mary does not know certain phenomenal facts while trapped inside the room, whereby these facts classify as physical due to being wholly and fully metaphysically grounded in the underlying fundamental facts which are themselves entirely physical.
The corticomuscular response to experimental pain via blood flow occlusion when applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral leg during an isometric force task
Authors: Zambolin F. , Duro Ocana P. , Goulding R. , Sanderson A. , Venturelli M. , Wood G. , McPhee J. , Parr J. V. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBlood flow occlusion (BFO) has been previously used to investigate physiological responses to muscle ischemia, showing increased perceptual effort (RPE) and pain along with impaired neuromuscular performance. However, at present, it is unclear how BFO alters corticomuscular activities when either applied to the exercising or nonexercising musculature. The present study therefore set out to assess the corticomuscular response to these distinct BFO paradigms during an isometric contraction precision task. In a repeated measures design, fifteen participants (age = 27.00 ± 5.77) completed 15 isometric contractions across three experimental conditions; no occlusion (CNTRL), occlusion of the contralateral (i.e., nonexercising) limb (CON‐OCC), and occlusion of the ipsilateral (i.e., exercising) limb (IPS‐OCC). Measures of force, electroencephalographic (EEG), and electromyographic (EMG) were recorded during contractions. We observed that IPS‐OCC broadly impaired force steadiness, elevated EMG of the vastus lateralis, and heightened RPE and pain. IPSI‐OCC also significantly decreased corticomuscular coherence during the early phase of contraction and decreased EEG alpha activity across the sensorimotor and temporoparietal regions during the middle and late phases of contraction compared with CNTRL. By contrast, CON‐OCC increased perceived levels of pain (but not RPE) and decreased EEG alpha activity across the prefrontal cortex during the middle and late phases of contraction, with no changes observed for EMG and force steadiness. Together, these findings highlight distinctive psychophysiological responses to experimental pain via BFO showing altered cortical activities (CON‐OCC) and altered cortical, corticomuscular, and neuromuscular activities (IPS‐OCC) when applied to the lower limbs during an isometric force precision task.
The impact of an antibody investigation algorithm emphasizing specificity on reducing potential false‐positive warm autoantibody detection at a Canadian tertiary care centre
Authors: Hutspardol Sakara , Boyd Lyz Frances , Zamar David , Sham Lawrence , Kalar Debbie , Mi Jian , Marcon Krista , Shih Andrew W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo reduce potential false‐positive warm autoantibody (WAA) by solid‐phase red cell adherence assay (SPRCA), our centre implemented a new antibody investigation algorithm (AIA) by classifying cases with panreactive SPRCA but negative saline‐indirect antiglobulin test as ‘antibody of undetermined significance’ (AUS) after excluding clinically significant antibodies. We assessed the effects of the new AIA and subsequent alloantibody formation in patients with AUS.Materials and MethodsSamples from patients with positive SPRCA screens between 1 September 2017 and 31 August 2021 were selected for the study. Frequencies of antibodies classified by the old and new AIAs were compared using Fisher's exact test. Patient demographics, transfusion history and antibody formation in cases of AUS were collected.ResultsA significant reduction in potential WAA frequencies from 127/1167 (11%) to 53/854 (6%) was observed (p < 0.001) when compared between the old and new AIAs among 2021 positive SPRCA antibody screens. While no patients with AUS later transitioned to potential WAA using the new AIA, four patients developed alloantibodies, including anti‐E, anti‐C, both anti‐C and anti‐E, and anti‐Wra.ConclusionA significant reduction in the frequencies of potential false‐positive WAA detection at our centre was observed after implementing the new AIA, leading to less resource and phenotypically matched red blood cell (RBC) use. Some patients still developed subsequent RBC alloimmunization, so clinically relevant alloantibodies should be carefully excluded before determining AUS, taking forming or evanescent antibodies into consideration.
ADOLESCENCIA Y DERECHO AL ESPACIO PÚBLICO. EL CASO DEL BARRIO DE CARABANCHEL Y EL BARRIO DE SALAMANCA EN MADRID
Authors: Levesque Bonnín Aina 
Published: October 2023

En este trabajo se pretende esclarecer algunas cuestiones relacionadas con el espacio público y el derecho a la ciudad del siglo XXI y responder a la pregunta «¿Cuál es la influencia del paisaje urbano en las relaciones sociales entre los jóvenes y los adolescentes?» y tiene por objetivo general el de conocer la influencia que tiene el paisaje urbano sobre las relaciones sociales que se establecen en el espacio público. Se han elegido dos barrios alejados social y geográficamente. Los espacios seleccionados son una plaza sin nombre cercana al Palacio de Vista Alegre, en un barrio periférico madrileño, Carabanchel y la plaza de Colón, situada en el lujoso barrio de Salamanca. Los sujetos de estudio son los y las adolescentes. La metodología propuesta en este trabajo es la etnografía y la búsqueda bibliográfica, estableciendo un diálogo teórico y práctico entre ambas. De esta forma se pretende responder a la pregunta planteada: ¿Qué? uso hacen los y las adolescentes del espacio público? A parte de resolver esta cuestión, se pretende conocer y seguir trabajando para construir espacios para el uso y el disfrute de los y las adolescentes. Esta investigación esta? abierta a cualquier modificación y abre el campo a seguir investigando sobre posibles cuestiones y a reformular nuevas preguntas.