bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercellular contacts in the media of the thoracic aorta of art fetuses treated with β‐aminopropionitrile
Authors: Sosa‐Melgarejo Jorge A. , Berry Colin L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBeta‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) alters the scleroproteins of the arterial media in a way which permits an increase in the stress (force/unit area) applied to smooth muscle cells at a given pressure. Pregant Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated with BAPN and the thoracic aortas of exposed fetuses were studied by electron microscopy and image analysis. Transmission electron microscopy of the media of the thoracic aorta revealed that the typs of intercellular contacts seen in the controls and in the BAPN group were intermediate junctions (IJs), nexus junctions (NJs), simple appositions (SAs), and interdigitations (Ids) as in adults vessels. The BAPN‐treated animals showed an increased density of IJs, SAs, and Ids when compared with controls but the NJs demonstrated no change. Load‐sensitive intercellular contacts have been considered to be the major route by which stress is applied across cells, and the increased number in the BAPN group probably represents a response of the vessel wall to increased tangential tension.
The vascularity of primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Fallowfield Mary E. , Cook Martin G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, the vascularity of the dermis immediately deep to the lesion may relate to tumour aggressiveness and to prognosis. These newly formed dermal vessels are incorporated into the melanoma to form the tumour microcirculation. We have assessed the percentage vascular volume in a series of primary melanomas in order to investigate the relationship between tumour vascularity and maximum tumour thickness.For the 64 melanomas included in this study, there appeared to be a significant relationship between the percentage vascular volume and the maximum tumour thickness. This relationship was not influenced by the presence of necrosis, vascular invasion, regression, or lymphocytic infiltrate, nor by the growth phase of the tumour. However, the percentage vascular volume was very low in the occasional thick melanoma, at least one of which was associated with prolonged survival. It seems possible that a low tumour vascularity could correlate with a relatively favorable outcome in cutaneous melanoma.
Immunohistochemical detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor in paraffin‐embedded human tissues
Authors: Gullick William J. , Hughes Christine M. , Mellon Killian , Neal David E. , Lemoine Nicholas R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExpression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumour tissues employing two antibodies raised to short synthetic peptides from the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule. Both antibodies gave concordant staining of a series of bladder cancers known to express or lack EGF receptors. There was no cross‐reaction with the related c‐erbB‐2 protein, which was also over‐expressed in some cases. Cancers with EGF receptor expression also expressed high levels of TGF‐alpha, a receptor agonist.
Persisten of Epstein–Barr virus in Reed–Sternberg cells throughout the course of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Coates Philip J. , Slavin Gerard , D'Ardenne A. Jane 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNon‐isotopic in situ hybridization employing digoxigenin‐labelled DNA probes has been used to localize Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in 55 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The virus was found in Reed–Sternberg (RS) and mononuclear Hodgkin's cells in nine patients (16 per cent). Further samples taken at different times from three patients also showed the presence of EBV in the malignant cell population. Estimations of the number of EBV genomes present per cell suggested wide variations between different patients, but relatively constant amounts in different samples from the same patient. These findings are compatible with a stable infection of the neoplastic cells and support the notion that EBV may play a role in the development of HD in these patients.We also found evidence for the presence of EBV in a small percentage of non‐neoplastic cells in 8 of the 55 samples. This suggests that isolation of EBV from HD tissue does not always signify a pathogenetic role for the virus. Furthermore, it is apparent that a high percentage of HD tissues do not contain demonstrable EBV, and the virus is therefore unlikely to be a causative agent for all cases of HD.
Irreversible damage to the medullary interstitium in experimental analgesic nephropathy in F344 rats
Authors: Burrell Judith H. , Yong Jim L. C. , Macdonald Graham J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRenal papillary necrosis (RPN) and a decreased urinary concentrating ability developed during continuous long term treatment with aspirin and paracetamol in female Fischer 344 rats. Renal structure and concentrating ability were examined after a recovery period of up to 18 weeks, when no analgesics were given, to investigate whether the analgesicinduced changes were reversible.There was no evidence of repair to the damaged medullary interstitial matrix, or proliferation of remaining undamaged type 1 medullary interstitial cells after the recovery period following analgesic treatment. The recovery of urinary concentrating ability was related to the length of analgesic treatment and the extent of the resulting inner medullary structural damage. During the early stages of analgesic treatment, the changes in urinary concentrating ability were reversible, but after prolonged analgesic treatment, maximum urinary concentrating ability failed to recover.This study shows that prolonged analgesic treatment in Fischer 344 rats causes progressive and irreversible damage to the interstitial matrix and type 1 interstitial cells leading to RPN. The associated urinary concentrating defect is reversible only during the early stages of structural damage to the inner medulla.
Epstein–Barr viral DNA in Hodgkin's disease: Amplification and detection using the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Brocksmith Debra , Angel Carole A. , Pringle J. H. , Lauder I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in biopsy tissues from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific to a sequence within the EBV Bam H1W region. EBV genome was detected in 33 of 57 (58 per cent) cases of HD. Viral DNA was, however, also demonstrated in nine of 24 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, in three of nine non‐neoplastic lymph nodes and in seven of 12 normal peripheral blood samples used as controls. In all cases, the band obtained following PCR was verified using Southern blotting and hybridization with highly specific Bam H1W probes. The results suggest that the technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect EBV in persistent latent infection in B‐lymphocytes. Distinction between virus present as a possible aetiological agent of malignancy or as a latent infection is not possible when PCR is used under these conditions. The possible role of EBV as an aetiological agent of HD remains unresolved.
Characterization of integrin chains in normal and neoplastic human pancreas
Authors: Hall Peter A. , Coates Philip , Lemoine Nicholas R. , Horton Michael A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIntegrins are a complex family of non‐covalently linked heterodimeric glycoproteins which function as cell adhesion molecules, interacting with extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, and collagen, and also having a role in intercellular adhesion. Each integrin subfamily is characterized by a common β chain associated with variable α chains. We have examined, using immunohistological methods, the expression of the VLA (very late activation) family comprising β1 in association with α1–6, and also α6 in association with β4, the LFA β chain β2, and the vitronectin receptor, in association with β1 or β5 and as the complex αvβ3. Cryostat sections of normal pancreas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and ampullary tumours were studied together with six pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Normal pancreas showed expression of β1 in all parenchyma. α2 and α6 had a similar distribution whereas α3 expression was confined to ducts, including the very smallest radicles. Staining along the basement membrances of ducts was seen with β4 and the anti‐vitronection αv chain receptor antibody 13C2. Islet cells failed to stain with any antibody. No staining of epithelial components was seen with antibodies to α1, α4, α5, or to the αvβ3 form of the vitronectin receptor (β3 and αvβ3 using the antibody 23C6). Pancreatic adenocarcinomas and ampullary tumours showed expression of α2, α3, α6, β1, β4, and the vitronectin receptor (αv associated with β1 or β5). Well differentiated cell lines (BXPC‐3 and Capan‐2) showed an identical phenotype, but less well differentiated lines showed varible loss of one or more integrin chains. The functional role of integrins was quantitated by adhesion assays in which we could assess the ability of pancreatic carcinoma cells to stick to the extracellular matrix substrates fibronectin collagen, and laminin but not to fibrinogen or BSA. Binding of well differentiated cell lines to fibronectin and collagen was, in part, inhibited by exogenous RGD peptide. The distribution of integrins in normal and neoplastic cells and their functional properties were also shown to correlate well with the spatial distribution of laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen as shown by immunohistology in normal and neoplastic pancreas.
CD23 expression in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Immunohistochemical demonstration using the antibody BU38 on paraffin sections
Authors: Murray Paul G. , Janmohamed Riaz M. I. , Crocker John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe leucocyte antigen CD23 is upregulated in the early stages of B‐cell activation by Interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), and functions as an IgE receptor and lymphocyte growth factor. We have studied the expression of CD23 in 68 cases of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) using the antibody BU38. This new antibody has the great advantage of being applicable to routinely‐processed paraffin sections. CD23 was expressed in tumour cells in 27 out of 36 cases of low grade NHL and 3 out of 32 cases of high grade NHL. Follicular dendritic cells were strongly positive and were seen in follicular lymphomas. Macrophages were also positive and were numerous in high grade lesions.
MHC antigen expression in human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Mutlu Serdar , Matthewst John B. , Midda Marsh , Scully Crispian , Prime Stephen S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study quantified the constitutive and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) stimulated expression of MHC class I (HLA‐ABC and β2, microglobulin) and class I1 antigens (HLA‐DR, ‐DP, ‐DQ) on normal and malignant oral keratinocytes using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques. Normal keratinocytes and three of four malignant cell lines (H 103, H1 57, H314) expressed MHC class I antigens constitutively; IFN‐γ increased MHC class I expression with significant changes in normals, H157 and H314. Normal keratinocytes expressed significantly more constitutive MHC class I antigens than H103 and H157 and significantly more IFN‐γ stimulated MHC class I antigens than H103, H157 and H314. MHC class II antigens predominantly were not expressed constitutively on normals, H103 and H157 but, in H314, HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ antigens were demonstrated on 35, 11 and 5 per cent of cells, respectively, and resulted in a non‐coordinated pattern ofexpression (HLA‐DR > ‐DP = ‐DQ). IFN‐γ induced HLA‐DR on normals, H103 and H157, whilst HLA‐DP and ‐DQ remained undetectable. In H314, IFNγ enhanced HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ (significant increase of HLA‐DQ) but the interrelationship between these antigens was maintained (HLA‐DR > ‐DP = ‐DQ). Normal keratinocytes expressed significantly more IFN‐γ stimulated HLA‐DR than H103 and H157 but significantly less HLA‐DR than H314 under similar experimental conditions. One oral malignant cell line (H191) did not express MHC class I and MHC class II antigens either constitutively or in response to IFN‐γ. The results demonstrate aberrant patterns of MHC expression (absence, enhanced, diminished) in the different malignant oral keratinocyte cell lines.
Immunocytochemistry of malignant mesothelioma: OV632 as a marker of malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Delahaye M. , Hoogsteden H. C. , Van Der Kwast Th. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn pleural of ascitic effusions the cytomorphological distinction of adenocarcinoma cells, reactive mesothelial cells, and malignant mesothelioma cells often causes a diagnostic dilemma. The value of immunocytochemistry was investigated on cytological smears of 24 well‐established cases of malignant mesothelioma, a selected series of 31 metastatic adenocarcinomas, and 20 smears of patients without known malignancy. In these smears we scored the immunoreactivity with a panel of four monoclonal antibodies. In addition to antibodies for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the monoclonal antibody MOC31 and the ovarian carcinoma specific antibody OV632 were incorporated in the panel. With none of these four antibodies was immunostaining of reactive mesothelial cells found.CEA‐ and MOC31‐positive tumour cells were frequent in metastatic adenocarcinomas, but occurred rarelay in malignant mesothliomas. EMA‐positive tumour cells were in all metastatic adenocarcinomas (100 per cent) and in most malignant mesotheliomas (83 per cent). In addition to the expected reactivity of OV632 with ovarian carcinomas, 22 of 24 malignant mesotheliomas contained immunopositive tumour cells, while only a small proportion of non‐ovarian adenocarcinomas reacted with this antibody.This selective staining of malignant mesothelioma cells, but not reactive mesothelial cells, with OV632 now permits the positive identification of malignant mesothelioma cells in male patients.
New monoclonal antibodies reacting with bile ducts: Further insights into the pathogenesis of bile ductular proliferation in biliary diseases
Authors: Ayres Reuben C. S. , Hübscher Stefan G. , Shaw Jean , Garner Chris , Joplin Ruth , Williams Anne , Neuberger James M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have produced a range of monoclonal antibodies which stain human intrahepatic bile ducts of different sizes. Amongst 26 monoclonal antibodies produced, five clones reacted specifically with bile ducts of different sizes, of which three have been maintained in culture and their viability following freezing and thawing confirmed. Staining patterns varied between normal adult liver tissue, normal fetal liver tissue and a variety of hepatobiliary diseases. The antibodies provide further evidence of the immunological heterogeneity of the human intrahepatic biliary tree and support the hypothesis that proliferating bile ductules are derived from periseptal hepatocytes. The preparation of the antiboides, their staining reactions in normal adult, normal fetal and a variety of liver diseases are described.
Expression of p53 protein in infiltrating and in‐situ breast carcinomas
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. , Dearing Sheila J. , Lane David P. , Varley Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFive antibodies directed against the whole or part of p53 protein have been used to detect the protein immunohistochemically in 70 infiltrating breast carcinomas and 10 ductal carcinomas in situ. Mutations are known to occur in different conserved domains, and the antibodies employed spanned the expected sites.P53 protein was identified in 53 per cent of infiltrating carcinomas using the antibodies PAb 240, PAb 1801, C19, and JG8. The antibody PAb 421 detected the protein in 31·5 per cent; all positive with the other antibodies. Well‐differentiated oestrogen receptor‐positive tumours had a low incidence of p53 detection. Variation in the percentage of reactivity was seen between carcinomas and in some cases between different antibodies in the same cancer. Those carcinomas with a high percentage of positive cells with all antibodies were more likely to have metastasized to nodes, be at an advanced stage, and be oestrogen receptor‐negative/epidermal growth factor receptor‐positive. There was no significant correlation with c‐erbB‐2 protein expression or retinoblastoma protein loss. p53 protein was detected in a high proportion of cells in three of the six comedo ductal carcinomas in situ studied but either not at all or at a lower level in tumours of the cribriform type.P53 mutations are common in breast carcinomas, but heterogeneity within individual tumours in frequent. Marked expression of p53 appears to relate to tumour progression.
Co‐ordinate expression of the alpha‐6 integrin laminin receptor sub‐unit and laminin in breast cancer
Authors: D'Ardenne A. J. , Richman P. I. , Horton M. A. , McAulay A. E. , Jordan S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInteractions between cells and extracellular matrices are mediated in part by a family of heterodimeric molecules known as integrins. We have investigated, using immunohistology, the distribution of six integrin alpha sub‐units in normal breast tissue and 26 breast carcinomas. Alpha‐1 integrin (collagen/laminin receptor sub‐unit) was detected in myoepithelium, but not in luminal epithelium nor in most (20/26) carcinomas. Its expression on fibroblasts was enhanced in demoeplastic stroma. Both benign and malignant epithelium showed uniform positive staining for alpha‐2 (collagen receptor sub‐unit) and for alpha‐3 (collagen/fibronectin/laminin receptor sub‐unit). All epithelium was negative for alpha‐4 (sub‐unit of a fibronectin receptor). Epithelial staining for alpha‐5 (fibronectin receptor sub‐unit) was weak in all samples. Alpha‐6 (sub‐unit of two integrin laminin receptors) showed conspicuous changes in all invasive carcinomas. In normal tissues, there was weak staining of epithelial cytoplasm with alpha‐6 antibody and moderate cell membrane staining. Strongest staining was present in a basement membrane distribution. In carcinomas, loss of cytoplasmic and cell membrane staining was variable, but basal membrane staining was diminished or absent in all tumours. Loss of basal membrane staining for alpha‐6 integrin corresponded closely to loss of immunoreactivity for its ligand laminin in invasive breast cancer.
Occult regional lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: Immunohistological detection with antibodies CAM 5.2 and NCRC‐11
Authors: Galea M. H. , Athanassiou E. , Bell Jane , Dilks Beverly , Robertson J. F. R. , Elston C. W. , Blamey R. W. , Ellis I. O. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNinety‐eight consecutive patients with primary operable breast cancer and an initial diagnosis of no regional lymph node metastases as assessed by conventional light microscopy were studied. Immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections was assessed using two monoclonal antibodies: CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson) with specificity for low molecular weight cytokeratian, and NCRC‐11 (CRC Laboratories, Nottingham) with specificity for epithelial mucin antigen. Positive staining for occult metastases was seen in nine patients with CAM 5.2 and in eight of these nine with NCRC‐11. At a follow‐up out to 14 years, there was no difference in overall survival, in recurrence‐free survival, or in frequency of or time to presentation of local or regional recurrences between occult metastasis‐positive and occult metastasis‐negative patients.This study concludes that while immunohistological staining of routine lymph node sections increases the diagnostic yield of metastases, it is not to be recommended as this increase is of no useful clinical value.
The significance of cerebrovascular amyloid in the aetiology of superficial (lobar) cerebral haemorrhage and its incidence in the elderly population
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Takahashi Mutsuo , Yokota Tadaaki , Yamashita Yoshimi , Gondo Toshikazu , Uchino Fumiya , Iwamoto Naoki 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCerebrovascular amyloid deposition (CVAD), caused by deposition of the β/A4 protein, has been previously identified as a cause of cerebral haemorrhage, yet its prevalence is uncertain. The presence of vascular amyloid was studied in brains of 169 patients by immunohistochemical and Congo red staining. Fifty patients had cerebral haemorrhage (CH), 56 had cerebral infarction (CI), and 63 had neither haemorrhage nor infarction (control group). CVAD was found in 38 per cent of the CH group, 25 per cent of the CI group, and 32 per cent of the control group. The incidence of CVAD increased with age in each group. Immunohistocemical staining with an antibody to β/A4 protein was more sensitive than Congo red staining in demonstrating the extent of vascular amyloid.Within the CH group, CVAD was present in the vessels at the site of haemorrhage in 6/8 (75 per cent) of pure superficial (lobar) cerebral haemorrhages. While amyloid was detected in vessels in the brain of 10/37 (27 per cent) of pure deep cerebral haemorrhages, none was present in vessels at the site of haemorrhage.CVAD is a common pathological finding in the elderly and has a significant association with pure superficial (lobar) cerebral haemorrhages.
Atrial amyloid deposits in the failing human heart display both atrial and brain natriuretic peptide‐like immunoreactivity
Authors: Pucci Angela , Wharton John , Arbustini Eloisa , Grasso Maurizia , Diegoli Marta , Needleman Philip , Viganò Mario , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAtrial amyloid deposits are common in the ageing human heart and contain α‐atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP99–126) immunoreactivity. However, atrial myocytes secrete both amino and carboxy terminal fragments of the ANP prohormone (proANP1–126) and also express an homologous, but separate brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Characteristic amyloid deposits were identified in the atria of 9/22 patients (26–63 years of age) with end‐stage heart failure. Amyloid fibrils displayed immunoreactivity for both amino and carboxy terminal fragments of proANP1–126 and for the distinct BNP sequence. As in other endocrine organs, both mature and precursor peptide sequences appear to be constituents of amyloid fibrils. Whilst immunoreactivity for cardiac peptide hormones is co‐localized in atrial amyloid deposits, it is uncertain whether the increase in natriuretic peptide expression which accompanies cardiac failure contributes to the incidence of isolated atrial amyloidosis.