bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Not All Fun and Games’: The Case of the Victoria 2026 Commonwealth Games
Authors: Delevska Ana , Osorio Sandra Cherro , Nguyen Van K. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
In April 2022, the Australian state of Victoria was confirmed to be the host of the Commonwealth Games 2026. The proposal placed a strategic emphasis on leveraging legacy to benefit local communities, particularly through the provision of affordable and social housing and sporting facilities in regional Victoria. The Games were to take place across five regional cities to showcase Victoria globally, while generating economic growth for the regional economies, creating local jobs and boosting inclusion and participation of regional communities. However, in July 2023, the Premier of Victoria announced the cancellation of the Games, primarily justified by the increase in the initial cost of running the event. This conceptual case study provides an analysis of the factors that influenced the cancellation and identifies several significant challenges that contributed to that outcome, including lack of infrastructure, logistical complexities, and budgetary constraints, as well as the intricate dynamics among these aspects. It also discusses the potential opportunities and challenges for the state of Victoria and its brand as a host of sporting events.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Analog memristive devices based on La2NiO4+
δ
as synapses for spiking neural networks
Authors: Khuu Thoai-Khanh , Koroleva Aleksandra , Degreze Arnaud , Vatajelu Elena-Ioana , Lefèvre Gauthier , Jiménez Carmen , Blonkowski Serge , Jalaguier Eric , Bsiesy Ahmad , Burriel Mónica 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Neuromorphic computing has recently emerged as a potential alternative to the conventional von Neumann computer paradigm, which is inherently limited due to its architectural bottleneck. Thus, new artificial components and architectures for brain-inspired computing hardware implementation are required. Bipolar analog memristive devices, whose resistance (or conductance) can be continuously tuned (as a synaptic weight), are potential candidates for artificial synapse applications. In this work, lanthanum nickelate (La2NiO4+δ
, L2NO4), a mixed ionic electronic conducting oxide, is used in combination with TiN and Pt electrodes. The TiN/L2NO4/Pt devices show bipolar resistive switching with gradual transitions both for the SET and RESET processes. The resistance (conductance) can be gradually modulated by the pulse amplitude and duration, showing good data retention characteristics. A linear relationship between the resistance change and total applied pulse duration is experimentally measured. Moreover, synaptic depression and potentiation characteristics, one of the important functions of bio-synapses, are artificially reproduced for these devices, then modeled and successfully tested in a spiking neural network environment. These results indicate the suitability of using TiN/L2NO4/Pt memristive devices as long-term artificial synapses in neuromorphic computing.
Nano spinel NiAl2O4: structure, optical and photocatalytic performance evaluation and optimization
Authors: Yu Xinmiao , Wang Shifa , Xie Hui , Yi Zao , Tang Jinlong , Gao Huajing , Yang Hua , Fang Leiming , Syed Asad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Four kinds of spinel NiAl2O4 were synthesized by the polyacrylamide gel method using Al2(SO4)3·18H2O and Al(NO3)3·9H2O as aluminum salts and anhydrous NiSO4 and NiSO4·6H2O as nickel salts. The effects of different aluminum salts and nickel salts on the structure, optical and photocatalytic activity of spinel NiAl2O4 were confirmed by various characterizations. There is no NiO impurity in the spinel NiAl2O4 synthesized with Al2(SO4)3·18H2O as aluminum salt, while NiAl2O4, NiO and C–O functional group coexist in the target product with Al(NO3)3·9H2O as aluminum salt, and C–O functional group and NiO inhibits the photocatalytic activity of the system. Based on photocatalytic experiment, response surface methodology and free radical verification experiment, the influence of experimental parameters including synthesis pathway, initial drug concentration, initial pH and catalyst content on the photocatalytic activity of spinel NiAl2O4 and the main active species involved in the reaction were investigated. The degradation percentage of spinel NiAl2O4 synthesized with Al2(SO4)3·18H2O as aluminum salt and NiSO4·6H2O as nickel salt was 86.3% at the initial concentration of 50 mg l−1, pH = 5.33 and catalyst content of 1 g l−1. The mechanism investigation confirmed that the C–O functional group plays the dual role of impurity level and electron transfer in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by spinel NiAl2O4.
Resolving mode mixing in wheel–rail surface defect detection using EMD based on binary time scale
Authors: Hua Jiang , Zhiquan Wu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to the mode mixing, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) cannot effectively decompose the vibration signal when the signal is intermittent and pulse interference caused by discontinuous vibration. The methods to solve mode mixing often use noise assistance, such as ensemble EMD (EEMD), complete EEMD (CEEMD), etc. These methods can effectively solve mode mixing, but they also have shortcomings. In EEMD, the added noises not only have residual effects and time-consuming. The drawback of CEEMD is that it is difficult to align during set averaging. In this paper, an improved EMD based on binary time scale (EMD-BTS) is proposed for the fault feature extraction of wheel–rail defect detection. Firstly, the generalized intrinsic mode function (GIMF) is defined based on the time-domain characteristics of non-stationary vibration signals. Then, to tackle the drawbacks of EMD which cannot effectively solve mode mixing caused by signal intermittence and pulse interference, the inherent mode is extracted in the EMD-BTS to decompose the raw signals into GIMFs. Finally, the false components generated by over decomposition are combined based on time-domain cross covariance. A simulation case and a actual case of vehicle bogie are utilized to verify the feasibility of the proposed EMD-BTS. The results indicate that the proposed approach exceeds other typical techniques in extracting intermittent fault features of wheel–rail defect detection.
The Completely Hackable Amateur Radio Telescope (CHART) project
Authors: Berkhout Lindsay M , Beardsley Adam P , Jacobs Daniel C , Braithwaite Raven , Gutierrez-Coatney Bryanna , Islam Arib , Wright Ahlea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present the Completely Hackable Amateur Radio Telescope (CHART), a project that provides hands-on radio instrumentation and design experience to undergraduates while bringing accessible radio astronomy experiments to high school students and teachers. Here we describe a system which can detect 21 cm emission from the Milky Way which is optimised for cost and simplicity of construction. Software, documentation, and tutorials are all completely open source to improve the user experience and facilitate community involvement. We demonstrate the design with several observations which we compare with state-of-the-art surveys. The system is shown to detect galactic 21 cm emission in both rural and urban settings.
History of physics as a heuristic device to anticipate students’ ideas: the case of electrostatics
Authors: Rinaudo Marta , Leone Matteo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmpirical evidence supporting the heuristic usefulness of history of physics will be provided within the context of a project devoted to studying the educational significance of the historical-scientific collections preserved by universities and schools. It is shown that, to a certain extent, teachers’ knowledge of the history of electricity studies can be of assistance to them for anticipating student misconceptions about the properties of electrostatics attraction. Also, it is shown that the analysis of a historical collection of electrostatics instruments and the subsequent reconstruction of some of these instruments with present-day materials has positive effects on the learning of some parts of the physics of electricity.
Enhancement of fusion reactivity under non-Maxwellian distributions: effects of drift-ring-beam, slowing-down, and kappa super-thermal distributions
Authors: Kong Haozhe , Xie Huasheng , Liu Bing , Tan Muzhi , Luo Di , Li Zhi , Sun Jizhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Non-Maxwellian distributions of particles are commonly observed in fusion studies, especially for magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. The particle distribution has a direct effect on fusion reactivity, which is the focus of this study. We investigate the effects of three types of non-Maxwellian distributions, namely drift-ring-beam, slowing-down, and kappa super-thermal distributions, on the fusion reactivities of D-T (Deuterium-Trillium) and p-B11 (proton-Boron) using a newly developed program, where the enhancement of fusion reactivity relative to the Maxwellian distribution is computed while keeping the total kinetic energy constant. The calculation results show that for the temperature ranges of interest to us, namely 5–50 keV for D-T and 100–500 keV for p-B11, these non-Maxwellian distributions can enhance the fusion reactivities. In the case of the drift-ring-beam distribution, the perpendicular ring beam velocity leads to decreased enhancement in low temperature range and increased enhancement in high temperature range. This effect is favorable for p-B11 fusion reaction and unfavorable for D-T fusion reaction. This is because the important temperature range for

p - B

11

fusion reaction significantly overlaps with the high temperature enhancement range, while the important temperature range for

D - T

fusion significantly overlaps with the low temperature reduction range. In the slowing-down distribution, the birth speed plays a crucial role in both reactions, and increasing birth speed leads to a shift in the enhancement ranges towards lower temperatures, which is beneficial for both reactions. Finally, the kappa super-thermal distribution results in a relatively large enhancement in the low temperature range with a small high energy power-law index

κ

. Overall, this study provides insight into the effects of non-Maxwellian distributions on fusion reactivity and highlights potential opportunities for enhancing fusion efficiency.
On scalable liquid-metal MHD solvers for fusion breeder blanket multiphysics applications
Authors: Eardley-Brunt R W , Dubas A J , Davis A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While substantial research effort has been made recently in the development of computational liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solvers, this has typically been confined to closed-source and commercial codes. This work aimed to investigate some open-source alternatives. Two OpenFOAM-based MHD solvers, mhdFoam and epotFoam, were found to show strong scaling profiles typical of fluid dynamics codes, while weak scaling was impeded by an increase in iterations per timestep with increasing resolution. Both were found to accurately solve the Shercliff and Hunt flow problems for Hartmann numbers from 20 to 1000, except for mhdFoam which failed in the Hunt flow

H
a

=
1000

case. A basic inductionless MHD solver was implemented in the Proteus MOOSE application as a proof of concept, using two methods referred to as the kernel method and material method. Future work will aim to build on these studies, exploring more advanced OpenFOAM MHD solvers as well as improving the Proteus MHD solver.
3D effects on hydrogen transport in ITER-like monoblocks
Authors: Delaporte-Mathurin Rémi , Chochoy Romain , Mougenot Jonathan , Charles Yann , Hodille Etienne A. , Grisolia Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The influence of recombination on the poloidal gaps of ITER-like monoblocks on hydrogen transport simulations is investigated. A 3D FESTIM model is first built and transient simulations up to

1
×

10

7

s of continuous exposure are run with or without instantaneous recombination on the poloidal gaps. In the case of instantaneous recombination, the poloidal gaps act as a strong sink for hydrogen leading to a decrease in the monoblock inventory. The total desorption flux on the poloidal gap is greater than on the toroidal gap but remains orders of magnitude lower than the retro-desorbed flux at the top surface. For a monoblock thickness of 4 mm, the relative difference in the hydrogen inventory per unit thickness between the two cases is 500%. As the thickness of the monoblock increases, this difference decreases (55% at 14 mm). The monoblock’s response to baking is then studied at different baking temperatures. At 600 K, almost all the hydrogen content in the monoblock is removed after 15 days of baking. Assuming a non-instantaneous recombination on the tungsten surfaces would not have a major impact on the monoblock desorption for baking temperatures above 600 K.
Effect of triplet correlation on the equation of pair correlation function in a weakly coupled inhomogeneous plasma system
Authors: Bose Anirban 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is observed that retaining the triplet correlation to derive the equation of pair correlation function from the first two members of BBGKY hierarchy, modifies the structure of the equation and the pair correlation function significantly. This equation may be used to explore the thermodynamic properties of the weakly coupled inhomogeneous plasma systems. This study may also be relevant for homogeneous plasmas.
Universality in the tripartite information after global quenches: spin flip and semilocal charges
Authors: Marić Vanja 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study stationary states emerging after global quenches in which the time evolution is under local Hamiltonians that possess semilocal conserved operators. In particular, we study a model that is dual to quantum XY chain. We show that a localized perturbation in the initial state can turn an exponential decay of spatial correlations in the stationary state into an algebraic decay. We investigate the consequences on the behavior of the (Rényi-α) entanglement entropies, focusing on the tripartite information of three adjacent subsystems. In the limit of large subsystems, we show that in the stationary state with the algebraic decay of correlations the tripartite information exhibits a non-zero value with a universal dependency on the cross ratio, while it vanishes in the stationary state with the exponential decay of correlations.
Point-vortex statistical mechanics applied to turbulence without vortex stretching
Authors: Wu Tong , David Tomos , Bos Wouter J T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In turbulent systems with inverse cascades, energy will pile up at large scales if no large-scale sink is present. We observe that in forced-dissipative three-dimensional turbulence from which vortex-stretching is removed, such condensation is observed, associated with an inverse cascade of helicity. The large-scale structure of this condensate is characterized by a hyperbolic sine relation between vorticity and velocity, analogous to the sinh relation between vorticity and stream function observed in freely decaying 2D turbulence in periodic domains. We generalize a 2D point-vortex statistical mechanics approach to our 3D system. It is shown that the predictions of this approach are in agreement with observations of both the forced-dissipative system, after appropriate averaging, and of the freely decaying system.
Parallel learning by multitasking neural networks
Authors: Agliari Elena , Alessandrelli Andrea , Barra Adriano , Ricci-Tersenghi Federico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Parallel learning, namely the simultaneous learning of multiple patterns, constitutes a modern challenge for neural networks. While this cannot be accomplished by standard Hebbian associative neural networks, in this paper we show how the multitasking Hebbian network (a variation on the theme of the Hopfield model, working on sparse datasets) is naturally able to perform this complex task. We focus on systems processing in parallel a finite (up to logarithmic growth in the size of the network) number of patterns, mirroring the low-storage setting of standard associative neural networks. When patterns to be reconstructed are mildly diluted, the network handles them hierarchically, distributing the amplitudes of their signals as power laws w.r.t. the pattern information content (hierarchical regime), while, for strong dilution, the signals pertaining to all the patterns are simultaneously raised with the same strength (parallel regime). Further, we prove that the training protocol (either supervised or unsupervised) neither alters the multitasking performances nor changes the thresholds for learning. We also highlight (analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations) that a standard cost function (i.e. the Hamiltonian) used in statistical mechanics exhibits the same minima as a standard loss function (i.e. the sum of squared errors) used in machine learning.
Design of line array detection scheme for Polarimeter-Interferometer system on EAST
Authors: Yan H.H. , Liu H.Q. , Wang S.X. , Lian H. , Li W.M. , Jie Y.X. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A multi-channel POlarimeter-INTerferometer (POINT) system has been constructed in the core region of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) plasma for electron density profile and current density profile measurements, with a spatial resolution of 8.5 cm. To explore the small spatial scale density fluctuation phenomena in the core plasma induced by MHD instabilities effects, a higher spatial resolution and higher responsivity detection is required.
A novel line array detection scheme of POINT is proposed. By replacing the single Schottky mixer with a highly integrated line array HEMT detector at the central channel position, the existing single channel can be extended to 5 channels for spatial continuous measurement in the core plasma, which has a significantly simplified structure design compared with the discrete upgrade scheme. Related optical design, component selection, and bench tests have been carried out to validate the feasibility and reliability of the novel scheme.
The IF signals are detected by an AlGaN/GaN line array high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) detector based on five silicon lenses integrated. The average responsivity of the line array detector elements is 40 kV/W. Compared with the existing planar diode Schottky mixer with a sensitivity of 750 V/W, the line array detector can also meet the essential requirements of coherent signal measurement. Benefiting from the highly integrated array detector, the spatial resolution will be improved to 4.5 mm in the novel scheme. Additionally, a circular Plano cylindrical lens is designed as a beam-shaping component to compress the Gaussian beam into a stripe. Bench test results displayed the excellent performance of the cylindrical lens, which is consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, normalized responsivity coefficients of array elements are determined by test results.
Comprehensive stiffness regulation on multi-section snake robot with considering the parasite motion and friction effects
Authors: Ma Nan , Zhou Haiqin , Yuan Jujie , He Guangping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Snake robots have been widely used in challenging environments, such as confined spaces. However, most existing snake robots with large length/diameter ratios have low stiffness, and this limits their accuracy and utility. To remedy this, a novel ‘macro-micro’ structure aided by a new comprehensive stiffness regulation strategy is proposed in this paper. This improves the positional accuracy when operating in deep and confined spaces. Subsequently, a comprehensive strategy for regulating the stiffness of the system is then developed, along with a kinetostatic model for error prediction. The internal friction, variation of cable stiffness as a function of tension, and their effects on the structural stiffness of the snake arm under different configurations have been incorporated into the model to increase the modelling accuracy. Finally, the proposed models were validated experimentally on a physical prototype and control system (error: 4.3% and 2.5% for straight and curved configurations, respectively). The improvement in stiffness due to the adjustment of the tension in the driving cables (i.e. average 183.4%) of the snake arm is shown.
Snow, fire and drought: how alpine and treeline soil seed banks are affected by simulated climate change
Authors: Vázquez-Ramírez Jerónimo , Venn Susanna E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Seed persistence in soil depends on environmental factors that affect seed dormancy and germination, such as temperature and water availability. In high-elevation ecosystems, rapid changes in these environmental factors because of climate change can impact future plant recruitment. To date, our knowledge on how soil seed banks from high-elevation environments will respond to climate change and extreme climate-related events is limited. Here, using the seedling emergence method, we investigated the effects of reduced snow cover, fire and drought on the density and diversity of germinants from soil seed banks of two high-elevation plant communities: a tall alpine herbfield and a treeline ecotone.

Methods
In Autumn 2020, we collected soil samples and characterized the standing vegetation of both communities at Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. Subsequently, we carried out a factorial experiment and subjected the soil samples to a series of manipulative treatments using greenhouse studies.

Key Results
The treeline had a larger and more diverse soil seed bank than the herbfield. A reduction in snow had a negative effect on the number of germinants in the herbfield and increased the dissimilarity with the standing vegetation, whereas the treeline responses were mainly neutral. Fire did not significantly affect the number of germinants but decreased the evenness values in both communities. The drought treatment reduced the number and richness of germinants and increased the dissimilarity with the standing vegetation in both communities. Plant functional forms explained some of the detected effects, but seed functional traits did not.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that simulated climate change will affect plant recruitment from soil seed banks in a variety of ways. Changes in snow cover and incidences of fire and drought might be key drivers of germination from the soil seed bank and therefore the future composition of alpine plant communities.