bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined use of the intravascular blood‐pool agent, gadomer, and carbon dioxide: A novel type of double‐contrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Authors: Maes Robbert M. , Lewin Jonathan S. , Duerk Jeffrey L. , Wacker Frank K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the combined use of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a gadolinium‐based blood‐pool agent for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).Materials and MethodsAfter an initial intravenous injection of the blood‐pool agent Gadomer (Schering AG, Germany), repeated transcatheter CO2 injections were performed in the aorta and the renal arteries of two fully‐anesthetized pigs. Real‐time images were acquired using a true fast imaging with steady‐state precession (FISP) sequence.ResultsDuring the CO2 injections, the Gadomer‐enhanced blood was totally replaced, resulting in an immediate, temporary, total signal loss in the vessel lumen. Susceptibility artifacts during the injections or catheter manipulations rarely occurred.ConclusionDue to T1‐shortening, the circulating blood‐pool agent prevents flow artifacts during catheter manipulations because the steady‐state is reached much earlier. Therefore, this double‐contrast MRA method improves catheter conspicuity and might be helpful for guiding and controlling intravascular procedures during interventional MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:645–649. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method for improving the accuracy of quantitative cerebral perfusion imaging
Authors: Sakaie Ken E. , Shin Wanyong , Curtin Kenneth R. , McCarthy Richard M. , Cashen Ty A. , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo improve the accuracy of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV).Materials and MethodsIn eight volunteers, steady‐state CBV (CBVSS) was measured using TrueFISP readout of inversion recovery (IR) before and after injection of a bolus of contrast. A standard DSC (STD) perfusion measurement was performed by echo‐planar imaging (EPI) during passage of the bolus and subsequently used to calculate the CBF (CBFDSC) and CBV (CBVDSC). The ratio of CBVSS to CBVDSC was used to calibrate measurements of CBV and CBF on a subject‐by‐subject basis.ResultsAgreement of values of CBV (1.77 ± 0.27 mL/100 g in white matter (WM), 3.65 ± 1.04 mL/100 g in gray matter (GM)), and CBF (23.6 ± 2.4 mL/(100 g min) in WM, 57.3 ± 18.2 mL/(100 g min) in GM) with published gold‐standard values shows improvement after calibration. An F‐test comparison of the coefficients of variation of the CBV and CBF showed a significant reduction, with calibration, of the variability of CBV in WM (P < 0.001) and GM (P < 0.03), and of CBF in WM (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe addition of a CBVSS measurement to an STD measurement of cerebral perfusion improves the accuracy of CBV and CBF measurements. The method may prove useful for assessing patients suffering from acute stroke. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:512–519. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multisite trial of MR flow measurement: Phantom and protocol design
Authors: Summers Paul E. , Holdsworth David W. , Nikolov Hristo N. , Rutt Brian K. , Drangova Maria 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo describe a portable, easily assembled phantom with well‐defined bore geometry together with a series of tests that will form the basis of a standardized quality assurance protocol in a multicenter trial of flow measurement by the MR phase mapping technique.Materials and MethodsThe phantom consists of silicone polymer layers containing parallel straight and stenosed flow channels in one layer and a U‐bend in a second layer, separated by hermetically sealed agarose slabs. The phantom is constructed by casting low melting‐point metal in an aluminum mold precisely milled to the desired geometry, and then using the low melting‐point metal core as a negative around which the silicone is allowed to set. By melting out the metal, the flow channels are established. The milled aluminum mold is reusable, ensuring faithful reproduction of the flow geometry for all phantoms thus produced. The agarose layers provide additional loading and static background signal for background correction. With the use of the described phantom, one can evaluate flow measurement accuracy and repeatability, as well as the influence of several imaging geometry factors: slice offset, in‐plane position, and slice‐flow obliquity.ResultsThe new phantom is compact and portable, and is well suited for reassembly. We were able to demonstrate its facility in a battery of tests of interest in evaluating MR flow measurements.ConclusionThe phantom is a robust standardized test object for use in a multicenter trial. Such a trial, to investigate the performance of MR flow measurement using the phantom and the tests we describe, has been initiated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:620–631. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency of malignancy in lesions classified as probably benign after dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI examination
Authors: Sadowski Elizabeth A. , Kelcz Frederick 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo determine the chance of malignancy in lesions classified as “probably benign” by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a heterogeneous population.Materials and MethodsReports from 473 patients, from March 1994 to March 2002, who underwent breast MRI were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 79 patients (17%) had lesions classified as probably benign after the MRI, which required further imaging follow‐up. We evaluated subsequent MRI, mammographic reports, and clinical follow‐up in these patients and established the frequency of malignancy in this group.ResultsMRI classified probably benign lesion were diagnosed in 79 women because of focal or diffuse mild enhancement and benign dynamic enhancement curves in the area of the mammographic abnormality, or because of the presence of microcalcifications on the mammogram, or because of incidental enhancing lesions. Two‐year radiographic and/or clinical follow‐up was available in 68 women. On follow‐up, four women (6%) were diagnosed with cancer between 14 and 18 months after the initial MRI.ConclusionPatients with a lesion assessed as probably benign by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI have a higher chance of malignancy than patients with probably benign lesions (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3, BI‐RADS 3) seen on mammography. These patients should be informed of the increased risk of cancer and be given the option of biopsy or close follow‐up. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:556–564. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting final infarct size using acute and subacute multiparametric MRI measurements in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Lu Mei , Mitsias Panayiotis D. , Ewing James R. , Soltanian‐Zadeh Hamid , Bagher‐Ebadian Hassan , Zhao Qingming , Oja‐Tebbe Nancy , Patel Suresh C. , Chopp Michael 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo identify early MRI characteristics of ischemic stroke that predict final infarct size three months poststroke.Materials and MethodsMultiparametric MRI (multispin echo T2‐weighted [T2W] imaging, T1‐weighted [T1W] imaging, and diffusion‐weighted imaging [DWI]) was performed acutely (<24 hours), subacutely (three to five days), and at three months. MRI was processed using maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2, and a self‐organizing data analysis (ISODATA) technique. Analyses began with testing for individual MRI parameter effects, followed by multivariable modeling with assessment of predictive ability (R2) on final infarct size.ResultsA total of 45 patients were studied, 15 of whom were treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) before acute MRI. The acute DWI and DWI‐ISODATA mismatch lesion size, and the interactions of ADC, T2, and T2W imaging lesion with tPA remained in the final multivariable model (R2 = 70%). A large acute DWI lesion or DWI < ISODATA lesion independently predicted increase in the final infract size, with predictive ability 68%. Predictive ability increased (R2 = 83%) when subacute MRI parameters were included along with acute DWI, DWI‐ISODATA mismatch, and acute T2W image lesion size by tPA treatment interaction. Subacute DWI > acute DWI lesion size predicted an increased final infarct size (P < 0.01).ConclusionAcute‐phase DWI and DWI‐ISODATA mismatch strongly predict the final infarct size. An acute‐to‐subacute DWI lesion size change further increases the predictive ability of the model. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:495–502. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid measurement of renal artery blood flow with ungated spiral phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Park Jong B. , Santos Juan M. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Nayak Krishna S. , Sommer Graham , Hu Bob S. , Nishimura Dwight G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo verify the potential of ungated spiral phase‐contrast (USPC), which has been shown to provide accurate and reproducible time‐averaged measurements of pulsatile flow, for rapid measurement of renal artery blood flow (RABF) in vivo.Materials and MethodsThe RABF rates of 11 normal human subjects and one patient with renal failure were measured with USPC within six seconds.ResultsRapid USPC scans produced reproducible RABF measurements (SD ≤ 9%) that agreed with the normal RABF rates known from the literature. The RABF rates of the patient with renal failure were substantially less (<50–65%) than the normal RABF rates.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that it is now possible to obtain rapid and consistent RABF measurements within six seconds with USPC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:590–595. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gd(ABE‐DTTA)‐enhanced cardiac MRI for the diagnosis of ischemic events in the heart
Authors: Simor Tamás , Gaszner Balázs , Oshinski John N. , Waldrop Sandra M. , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Horváth Iván G. , Hild Gábor , Elgavish Gabriel A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate that contrast‐enhanced MRI (ceMRI) with the aid of Gd(ABE‐DTTA) is able to detect ischemic events in the heart in a canine ischemia/reperfusion (30/40 minutes) model.Materials and MethodsECG‐gated, T1‐weighted MR image sets (four to five slices each) with three‐minute time resolution were collected in transiently LAD‐occluded dogs. Following the acquisition of control image sets, ischemia was started by occluding the LAD. Either Gd(ABE‐DTTA) (N = 6) or Gd(DTPA) (N = 6) was injected, and imaging was continued for 30 minutes of ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion. The contrast agent (CA)‐induced MRI signal intensity enhancement (SIE) and contrast were monitored. Microspheres measured myocardial perfusion (MP) to verify areas of ischemia and reperfusion.ResultsSIEs of 86% ± 3% and 97% ± 3% in nonischemic, and 25% ± 5% and 29% ± 8% in ischemic regions were found within three minutes of onset of ischemia with Gd(ABE‐DTTA) and Gd(DTPA), respectively. For the rest of the 30 minutes of ischemia, with Gd(ABE‐DTTA) SIE of 60% ± 3% and 25% ± 5% persisted in the nonischemic and ischemic regions, respectively. With Gd(DTPA), however, SIE in the nonischemic areas decreased rapidly after the first three minutes of ischemia, while SIE in the ischemic areas increased, abolishing contrast. Thus, there was a persistent contrast with Gd(ABE‐DTTA) and a short‐lived contrast with Gd(DTPA) during ischemia. Furthermore, with Gd(ABE‐DTTA) some contrast was still visible in the early reperfusion period.ConclusionGd(ABE‐DTTA) in an ischemia/reperfusion model induces a persistent MRI contrast between regions of normal and ischemic myocardium, and verifies reperfusion. Therefore, it can be used to detect myocardial ischemic events. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:536–545. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection with human T lymphotropic virus type I in organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain
Authors: Toro Carlos , Benito Rafael , Aguilera Antonio , Bassani Sylvina , Rodríguez Carmen , Calderón Enrique , Caballero Estrella , Álvarez Patricia , García Juan , Rodríguez‐Iglesias Manuel , Guelar Ana , Romero Jorge del , Soriano Vincent 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHuman T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) antibody screening is not recommended uniformly before transplantation in Western countries. In the year 2001, the first cases of HTLV‐I infection acquired through organ transplantation from one asymptomatic carrier were reported in Europe. All three organ recipients developed a subacute myelopathy shortly after transplantation. This report rose the question about whether to implement universal anti‐HTLV screening of all organ donors or selective screening of donors from endemic areas for HTLV‐I infection should be carried out. A national survey was conducted thereafter in which anti‐HTLV antibodies were tested in 1,298 organ transplant donors and 493 potential recipients. None was seropositive for HTLV‐I and only one recipient, a former intravenous (i.v.) drug user, was found to be infected with HTLV‐II. In a different survey, HTLV screening was conducted in 1,079 immigrants and 5 (0.5%) were found to be asymptomatic HTLV‐I carriers. All came from endemic areas for HTLV‐I infection. No cases of HTLV‐II infection were found among immigrants. These results support the current policy of mandatory testing of anti‐HTLV antibodies in Spain only among organ transplant donors coming from HTLV‐I endemic areas or with a highly suspicion of HTLV‐I infection. J. Med. Virol. 76:268–270, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dichotomy in cross‐clade reactivity and neutralization by HIV‐1 sera: Implications for active and passive immunotherapy
Authors: Cavacini Lisa A. , Duval Mark , Patil Ajay , Wood Charles , Mayer Kenneth H. , Ruprecht Ruth M. , Posner Marshall R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe identification of broadly reactive and cross‐clade neutralizing antibodies will facilitate the development of a more universally effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibodies in sera from individuals infected with Clade B HIV bind native primary viral isolates, and virus binding correlates with neutralization and stable clinical disease. In this study, we quantified cross‐clade antibody reactivity and neutralization by Clades B and C sera. Primary viral isolates were captured by serum IgG bound to anti‐human IgG and quantitated as p24 released by lysis of captured virus. Neutralization was determined using PHA‐stimulated PBMC. Clade B antibodies reacted more frequently with Clade B R5 virus, but positive sera captured quantitatively more X4 virus than R5 and R5X4 virus. Clade B sera reacted less frequently and captured less Clade C virus than Clade B virus. Antibodies in Clade C sera captured Clades B and C isolates with equal frequency and quantity. There was no difference in neutralization of Clade B virus by either group of sera; however, Clade C sera neutralized Clade C virus, whereas Clade B sera were ineffective against Clade C virus. Thus, there are distinct differences in cross‐clade reactivity of and neutralization by antibodies induced in response to Clade C infection compared to Clade B infection. Understanding antibody responses to native virions after Clade C infection and cross clade antibody behavior has implications for understanding pathogenesis and vaccine development. J. Med. Virol. 76:146–152, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleotide mutations associated with hepatitis B e antigen negativity
Authors: Sun XiaoHong , Rokuhara Akinori , Tanaka Eiji , Gad Amal , Mutou Hidetomo , Matsumoto Akihiro , Yoshizawa Kaname , Kiyosawa Kendo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractOne hundrded and forty four patients with chronic hepatitis B were tested to identify new mutations associated with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negativity, using a full genome sequence analysis. All the patients were Chinese and had hepatitis B virus infection of genotype C. Patients with none of the pre‐core or core promoter mutations were significantly (P < 0.001) less common in the group with anti‐HBe (13%) than in the group with HBeAg (56%). The complete nucleotide sequence was determined in four anti‐HBe‐positive patients who had neither pre‐core nor core promoter mutations and in five HBeAg‐positive patients who also had neither of these mutations (the groups were matched for age and sex). Six mutations were found to be significantly more common in the former group than in the latter: G529A (3/4 vs. 0/5), C934A (4/4 vs. 1/5), A1053G (4/4 vs. 1/5), G1915T/A (4/4 vs. 0/5), T2005C/A (4/4 vs. 0/5), and C3026T (3/4 vs. 0/5). Three of the six mutations were significantly more common in the four anti‐HBe‐positive patients who had neither pre‐core nor core promoter mutations, compared to 11 HBeAg‐positive patients who had pre‐core and core promoter mutations, and also compared to 15 anti‐HBe‐positive patients who had pre‐core and core promoter mutations, suggesting further the specificity of these mutations. Of the six mutations, two resulted in amino acid substitution in the polymerase protein, and one is located near the enhancer I region. The results suggest that the six newly discovered mutations are associated with HBeAg negativity. J. Med. Virol. 76:170–175, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrasting patterns of hepatitis C virus infection in two regions from Tunisia
Authors: Mejri S. , Salah A. Ben , Triki H. , Alaya N. Ben , Djebbi A. , Dellagi K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis report is a population‐based study describing the pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in two distinct regions in Tunisia. The study included a total of 11,507 individuals sampled in 1996 from both genders, all age groups, urban and rural settings belonging to 2,973 families. HCV infection was assessed by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunoblot assays and detection of HCV RNA by PCR. HCV genotypes and subtypes were determined by sequencing in the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) viral genomic region and the INNO‐LiPA HCVII genotyping kit. Genetic relatedness between HCV strains was assessed by sequencing of a portion of the NS5B region. HCV prevalence was significantly higher in the North‐Western region than in the Southern one: 1.7% versus 0.2% (P < 10−3, χ2 = 8,506). There was no difference in positivity according to gender or living in rural or urban settings; the only significant risk factor was advanced age. HCV prevalence among household contacts of HCV positives was not significantly higher than the prevalence in the whole study population. These results indicate a heterogeneity in the geographical distribution of HCV in Tunisia. An increased HCV transmission occurs in the North‐Western region with large predominance of genotype 1b (88%) and low contribution of intrafamilial transmission. J. Med. Virol. 76:185–193, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human enterovirus isolates from an outbreak typed using heteroduplex mobility analysis
Authors: Clancy Leighton E. , Craig Maria E. , White Peter A. , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGenotyping and serotyping of enteroviruses is important for epidemiological, prognostic, and therapeutic reasons. In this study clinical isolates of enterovirus 71 during an outbreak of childhood meningoencephalitis in Sydney, Australia were identified using heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA) of products from RT‐PCR amplification of the 5′ untranslated region. Five enterovirus 71 isolates shared identical heteroduplex patterns and nucleotide sequences in the 5′ untranslated region. A sixth isolate exhibited minor differences in heteroduplex pattern and sequencing confirmed the isolate varied by 1% at the nucleotide level. The use of multiple reference strains and the analysis of heteroduplex patterns increased the confidence of isolate identification, and allowed identification of strain variation which could be subsequently further analyzed using sequencing. HMA can be used to accurately distinguish identical and variant isolates derived from sporadic cases and clustered infections with enteroviruses, including those causing serious infections. J. Med. Virol. 76:215–222, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimates of global research productivity in virology
Authors: Falagas Matthew E. , Karavasiou Antonia I. , Bliziotis Ioannis A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe quantity and quality of published research in the field of Virology by different world regions was estimated in this study. Using the PubMed database, articles from journals included in the “Virology” category of the “Journal Citation Reports” database of the Institute for Scientific Information for the period 1995–2003 were retrieved. The world was divided into nine regions based on geographic, economic, and scientific criteria. Data on the country of origin of the research was available for 33,425 out of 33,712 articles (99.2% of all articles from the included journals). USA exceeds all other world regions in research production for the period studied (42% of total articles), with Western Europe ranking second (35.7%). The mean impact factor in articles published in Virology journals was highest for the USA (4.60), while it was 3.90 for Western Europe and 3.22 for the rest of the world (seven regions combined). USA and Canada ranked first in research productivity when both gross national income per capita (GNIPC) and population were taken into account. The results of this analysis show a distressing fact; the absolute and relative production of research in the field of Virology by the developing regions is very low, although viral diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in these areas. It is evident from this study that developing regions need more help from the developed regions to enhance research infrastructure. J. Med. Virol. 76:229–233, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phylogenetic study of human respiratory syncytial viruses group A and B strains isolated in two cities in Japan from 1980–2002
Authors: Kuroiwa Yuki , Nagai Kazushige , Okita Lisa , Yui Ikuko , Kase Tetsuo , Nakayama Tetsuo , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe circulation pattern and genetic evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Japan were examined based on 109 RSV field strains isolated over 20 seasons (1980–2002) in two cities, Sapporo and Tokyo. The second hypervariable region of the large glycoprotein (G) gene was amplified by RT‐PCR and the products sequenced directly. The nucleotide sequences were compared to those representatives of RSV genotypes identified previously. Japanese group A and B isolates clustered into five and four genotypes defined previously, respectively. Another one group A and one group B genotypes, which could not be assigned to previous genotypes, were also identified. Although different genotypes usually co‐circulated in each season, the isolates in proximate seasons from two communities were usually located in the same branches. Moreover, the strains with genotypes defined previously were usually isolated at the same time as each reference strain of Western countries. Several mutant group B strains with 1–20 longer amino acid G proteins were newly identified in Sapporo. These findings suggest that Japanese RSV strains underwent geographical and also temporal clustering while participating in RSV genetic evolution in a global setting. In addition, Japanese strains, especially group B, might have evolved individually in each community, sometimes changing the length of the G protein. J. Med. Virol. 76:241–247, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.