bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Issues in Nonvoluntary Prenatal HIV Screening
Authors: Allen Anita L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The unsettled character of pertinent state and federal strictures bars definitive answers to legal questions posed by prenatal testing. However, as concluded below, nonvoluntary prenatal AIDS-related testing raises more legal concerns than public health concerns it can presently abate. Nonvoluntary testing is and will remain a legally problematic interference with autonomy and privacy as long as AIDS has no fully effective treatment or cure and as long as less intrusive, less discriminatory measures can educate pregnant women and protect their sex part­ners and health-care providers from infection.
Legal Protections of Confidential Medical Information and the Need for Antidiscrimination Laws
Authors: Powers Madison 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
HIV antibody screening programs have the potential to produce large quantities of highly sensitive, personal medical information that, if revealed to third parties, may result in injury to the personal, social, and economic interests of those screened. The collection, storage, and use of such information by health-care providers, public health officials, and researchers increase the likelihood of such information being improperly disclosed and harmful to a variety of individual interests.
Contact-induced Change and the Comparative Method: Cases from Papua New Guinea1
Authors: Ross Malcolm D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The overriding goal of the comparative method is to reconstruct linguistic prehistory and thereby to contribute to human culture history. Unfortunately, the method is blinkered in this endeavour by its prerequisites. It deals only with genetically related languages, and then only with regular correspondences among them. Yet the history of almost every language entails contact between its speakers and those of other languages, contact which often impairs the language’s correspondences with its kin. Whether the languages in contact are genetically related or not, or so closely related that one should more accurately speak of dialects, the comparative method usually leaves this noncorresponding material unaccounted for, either by ignoring it or by labelling it ‘borrowed’.
Red
Authors: Rorabaugh W J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the late 1940s into the early 1960s, one belief held an otherwise diverse, disparate, and quarrelsome American society together-anticommunism. The American government conducted a bipartisan anticommunist crusade both abroad and at home. Foreign policy was based upon the assumption that communism was a global conspiracy controlled by Moscow, and the American government undertook to contain communism throughout the world. Domestic policy was based upon the assumption that American communists were part of Moscow’s conspiracy, and the American government undertook to destroy the American Communist party.
The Lopsided Ape
Authors: Corballis Michael C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This fascinating book addresses the question of what makes humans unique, of how sharply we differ from other animals. It begins with evidence on the split of the hominids from the apes, and on the main steps in hominid evolution since then. Its main theme is that the distinctive versatility of human thought and mental representation depends on special properties of the left side of the brain. One manifestation of this lop-sidedness is the predominance of right-handedness in human populations, a tract that does not seem to exist in animals. Another is the special properties of human language, which is represented in the left cerebral hemisphere. At a deeper level, Corballis argues that the human left hemisphere has evolved a specialization for an open-ended, generative form of mental representation. This underlies language and also the way in which we construct, represent, and understand objects. It probably colours many other specifically human activities, such as complementary mode of thought that has more holistic, analogue properties, and that goes back much further in evolution.
Anolis Lizards of the Caribbean
Authors: Roughgarden Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Anolis lizards of the Caribbean are ideally suited for the study of evolutionary ecology. Offering fascinating insights into the more than 150 species dispersed throughout the Caribbean islands, Jonathan Roughgarden details the differences between species in a wide range of behavioral and physical characteristics, including foraging behaviors, body size, and habitat use, resulting from evolutionary divergences concurrent with the plate-tectonic origins of the region. This book will be of interest to students and researchers--ecology and theoretical, tropical, and population biology.
The Double Object Construction
Authors: Holmberg Anders , Platzack Christer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One construction where we might expect, and do find effects of presence or absence of m-case is the double object construction. (7.1) a. John gave Mary a book. We will reserve the term ‘double object construction ‘, abbreviated DOC, specifically for this type of construction: a triadic verb followed by two DPs where the first one is the indirect object (IO), assigned an experiencer type role (recipient, benefactive, or malefactive), and the second one is the direct object (DO), assigned a theme type role. We will refer to the alternative construction with the IO embedded in a PP (John gave a book to Mary) as ‘the to-construction ‘. We will refer to the DOC and the to-construction collectively as ‘triadic verb constructions ‘. What makes this construction special in relation to Case theory is that it contains two internal nominal arguments apparently being licensed by one and the same head. Moreover, in English and MSc. both arguments have the same Case, namely accusative. Usually a verb licenses at most one nominal internal argument, and if it takes more than one internal argument, all arguments but one are assigned Case by a preposition, as for instance in (7.2):
The Pagan Freud
Authors: Loewenberg Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Freud had a Jewish identity and was a cultural Hellene. Of course, both sides of the statement are true. Although there is a voluminous secondary literature on Freud’s Jewish identity, there is little on his paganism.1 It is the Hellenic-Roman aspect of Freud’s person and legacy that this chapter explores. I wish to engage the culturally non-Hebraic, and indeed theologically specifically anti-Mosaic, portion of Freud’s interest, commitment, and aesthetic emotional investment. Freud worshiped the culture of antiquity and shared its anti-Judeo-Christian values.
Book VI
Authors: Lawrence T E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
So at last long-suffering Odysseus yielded to his weariness and slept there ; while Athene proceeded to the district and chief town of the Phaeacian people. These had formerly occupied broad lands in Hypereia near the Cyclopes, that race of rude bullies who, being brawnier than the Phaea cians, were wont to plunder them. Wherefore god-like Nausithous rose up and removed his people to Scheria be yond reach of the world’s covetousness. There he threw a wall around the new town-site and built houses and erected temples to the gods and apportioned the plough lands.
Book XXIV
Authors: Lawrence T E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hermes the Cyllenian bade forth those ghosts of men that had been suitors. In his hand was the rod of pure gold with which at will he charms men’s eyes to rest or stirs them from sleep. By a wave of it he had them afoot and following him with such thin cries as bats use in the fastnesses of their mysterious cave, whenever one falls squeaking from the clustered swarms that hang downward from the rocky roof.
Cousin Marriage and the X-Chromosome: Evolution of Longevity and Language
Authors: Katz Solomon H , Armstrong David F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most important and consistent findings concerning the human life cycle is the presence of an extended period of postreproductive longevity. Evidence for the universality and antiquity of this phenomenon includes the following: a nearly universal cross-cultural distribution of terms for grandpa rents, widespread potential for the significant expression of postreproductive longevity in modern societies lacking medical care, and fossil evidence for postreproductive longevity in prehistoric societies. However, the evolutionary basis for this human biological phenomenon continues to be debated.
Skeletal Changes in Human Aging
Authors: Plato Chris C , Fox Kathleen M , Tobin Jordan D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Changes in bone and cartilage take place during all stages of the human life span. During childhood and through adolescence, these changes are cumulatively characterized as growth and development. They are relatively fast and are usually beneficial to the individual. The maturing human skeleton undergoes a large increase in bone size and volume during pubertal development (Garn, 1981). Individuals will attain their full adult skeletal size by the age of 35 (Exton-Smith et al,. 1969; Garn, 1970; Albanese, 1977). Skeletal changes, brought about by aging, progress at a slower rate, are less uniform, and are associated with decreasing levels of adaptability and performance.
The First Consumer Revolution
Authors: Axtell James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Past Twenty Years, One of My Scholarly Goals has been to demonstrate that Indian history cannot be separated without violence or chicanery from the history of European Americans, either in broad outline or in many cultural specifics. I have sought to remind students and readers that acculturation is always and everywhere a two-way street, that all the inhabitants of North America’s cultural frontiers were affected and changed by each other, without exception. The sea-changes and revolutions that rocked one group were always felt in some degree by the others.
The Pathology of Beauty
Authors: Cottom Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Immanuel Kant claimed that when we talk of beauty, we speak in a voice of subjective universality. Were it not so, language would be profoundly confused. Beauty would lose its distinctiveness. It would not be autonomous but heteronomous, answerable to no single definition, unresponsive to the demands of reason, and communicable, if communicable at all, only by chance. The very notion of aesthetics would be upset if this situation were to obtain, but its consequences would not be limited to aesthetics. Ripped out of their proper frames of consciousness and thrown to the earth to be trampled underfoot, connoisseurs, collectors, curators, and philosophers would find their distraught cries drowned in a riotous mob of voices that would leave no perception, pleasure, or article of taste undisturbed.
Women and Militant Citizenship in Revolutionary Paris
Authors: Levy Darline Gay , Applewhite Harriet B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In revolutionary Paris, the political identity of women as citoyennes was made problematic not only by constitutional definitions but more generally by an exclusive, gendered political language. Notwithstanding legal, linguistic, and ideological limits and exclusions, women of the popular classes and smaller numbers of middle-class women claimed citizenship. Their practice of citizen ship was shaped and limited by prevailing cultural values; but it also is true that their citoyenneté challenged and episodically recast or subverted these values.
Long-Term Memory: Codes, Organization, and Strategies
Authors: Marschark Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The previous chapter reviewed a variety of apparent consistencies and inconsistencies in the short-term memory performance of deaf children and hearing children. Aside from the general finding of shorter memory spans in deaf children, the most consistent finding was that for tasks requiring the short-term retention of simple nonverbal stimuli such as digits deaf children are more likely than hearing children to use spatial memory codes rather than temporal or sequential verbal codes. This difference notwithstanding, deaf and hearing children most frequently showed similar levels of (subspan) recall overall, suggesting that their alternative informationprocessing strategies were in some sense equally effective.
Development of Deaf Children: Toward an Integrated View
Authors: Marschark Marc 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This final chapter is intended as an overview of the preceding eleven. Rather than being a complete summary of what has gone before, however, it provides only a partial recapitulation of the central themes and theoretical perspectives of earlier chapters. A chapter of this sort provides both writer and reader an opportunity to look back, to sort out the various conclusions that have seemed of greater or lesser importance, and to notice emergent issues that might have been lost in the context of any particular discussion. As noted in Chapter 1, my primary goal in this volume has been to provide an integration and critical examination of data pertaining to the psychological development of deaf children. In going about this business, several coherent threads have emerged that I had not even imagined at the outset. Although some of them have now been woven into the text, there are others that just now are becoming obvious.
Nasser’s Blessed Movement
Authors: Gordon Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book examines a key period in the formation of modern Egypt, the early years of military rule following the coup of 1952. The Free Officers Corp, a group of junior officers, overthrew Egypt’s parliamentary regime in July 1952 and over the next few years consolidated their rule, brutually supressing alternative political movements. Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the young officers, emerged as the leader of the military junta and launched an ambitious programme for economic development, making Egypt a leader in Arab, African, and non-aligned politics, as well as a model for political mobilization and national development throughout the Third World. Focusing on the goals, programmes , successes, and failures of the young regime, Gordon provides the most comprehensive account of the Egyptian revolution to date. Besides bringing to light newly opened American and British sources on the period, Gordon’s book is also informed by interviews he conducted with a number of actors and observers of the events.
“Revolutionary Jurisprudence”
Authors: Gordon Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the first six months of their rule the officers slowly came to see themselves not only as the vanguard of the struggle for national independence but as legitimate rulers of their country. Initially, they opted for an indirect role, intending less the construction of a new social and political order than a ;wift housecleaning, a purging of political ranks accompanied by constitutional reform. For them, as for disillusioned liberals, the specter of chaos hovered over a decaying social and political order. Revolution from below could be forestalled only by reform from above. In time they adopted a more aggressive posture toward political antagonists. Finally, frustrated by the resistance of the old political establishment, the unwillingness of the old guard to hand power to a new generation of leaders and, ultimately, of many young guard allies to burn bridges with their elders, the officers abolished the political parties and assumed direct authority over the country. In doing so, they declared their revolution.
“Fondest Hopes of the West”
Authors: Gordon Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the aftermath of the March crisis the search for an evacuation agreement with Britain headed the CCR agenda. With an accord signed, the officers hoped to proceed with political reforms, to bring the transition period, if no longer the revolution, to an end. The ultimate test of the new regime’s political legitimacy remained resolution of the national question. They did not look toward negotiations with optimism. Throughout the first two years of their rule, discussions went nowhere as Egyptian and British negotiators haggled over a variety of issues, fundamental and symbolic. Despite attempts by the United States to broker a settlement, both sides remained deadlocked until the spring of 1954. Finally, that July Egypt and England signed a draft accord, that they then initialed the following October.
“Stand Now on My Own Bottom”: Politics and Party in South Carolina in the Post-Nullification Era
Authors: Ford Lacy K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The so-called Compromise of 1833 ended South Carolina’s dramatic confrontation with the federal government. On the national level, the compromise left South Carolina isolated in a political world increasingly divided into two camps, one composed of the faithful followers of Old Hickory, and the other peopled by those opposed to the dictation of national policy by King Andrew and his court.1 In South Carolina, the political strife generated by the nullification campaign lingered on. Two hostile, and sometimes armed, factions continued to battle each other long after the compromise tariff bill was accepted in Washington. A solid majority of South Carolinians were Nullifiers, and those who had championed state interposition believed that a united South Carolina, acting alone, could wield considerable power in national politics. The Nullifiers, with Calhoun at their head, sought to fashion a strategy for defending the minority interests of the South within a Union in which Southerners would soon be hopelessly outnumbered. At the same time, the sizable Unionist minority in South Carolina, themselves outnumbered within the state, retained strong ties to the Jackson Administration and hoped eventually to reintegrate South Carolina into the national mainstream.
Agriculture and Industry
Authors: Ford Lacy K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1850s was the most profitable decade in history for growing cotton. Prices paid for the fleecy staple failed to reach the lofty heights attained during earlier booms, but they hovered at or above the ten cents per pound mark for much of the decade, and the world market absorbed ever-increasing quantities of cotton without any corresponding decline in prices. Accompanied by the expansion of railroads and the emergence of active cotton markets in towns above the fall line, this last antebellum cotton boom generated unprecedented prosperity in the South Carolina Upcountry and inspired a degree of economic optimism unknown in the region since the heady days of the first cotton boom a half-century earlier. With the advantage of hindsight, historians and economists now know that the boom of the 1850s was merely a brief flurry of prosperity preceding a long period of relative economic stagnation in the American South. After the boom of the 1850s, cotton, the raw material which supplied the world’s first industrial revolution, would never again bring sustained prosperity and rapid economic growth to the South. In the post-Civil War era, growth in world demand for cotton slowed dramatically, and sluggish growth in demand for cotton severely hindered economic growth and development in the South. Thus the long-term costs of the South’s dependence on cotton were staggering in terms of both economic backwardness and human suffering. But the bleak economic future of the cotton South was unknown to those Southerners who enjoyed the fruits of the boom of the 1850s; they could see only the flush times surging around them. In the autumn of his glory, King Cotton delivered one final round of prosperity to his subjects, and they were thankful.
“The Beautiful Harmony in the Body Politic”: The Concurrent Majority and the Controversy over Who Shall Rule at Home
Authors: Ford Lacy K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the concessions made by the parishes in 1808, the Upcountry never gained the whip hand in South Carolina politics. As the years passed, the famous Compromise of 1808 was more and more frequently portrayed by Lowcountry politicians and a few of their prominent Upcountry allies as a sacred and inviolable bargain struck between the two sections. The bargain guaranteed the parishes effective control of the state senate while conceding a nominal majority in the house to the districts of the upper division. The intent of the agreement was to give the Lowcountry, narrowly defined as simply the state’s twenty-one parishes, all of which had black majorities as early as 1790, and the Upcountry, broadly defined to include not only those districts above the fall line but also the state’s middle and Pee Dee districts, an equal voice in state government. Obviously such a balance could be achieved only by limiting the power of the white majority of the Upcountry. To accomplish this, representation in the state legislature was not apportioned on the basis of white population. In the senate, each unit of local government, whether district or parish, was given one senator. In the house, representation was apportioned on the twin bases of white population and taxable property. As a result, the Lowcountry dominated the senate, while the wealthy parishes were over-represented in the house because property as well as white population was a factor in apportionment. Nevertheless the inland districts did hold a clear majority in the lower chamber.
Introduction: Florence and Sodomy
Authors: Rocke Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“In the whole world I believe there are no two sins more abominable than those that prevail among the Florentines,” commented Pope Gregory XI in 1376. “The first is their usury and infidelity,” he specified, alluding to the moneylending activities of international merchant-bankers that had made Florence one of the most prosperous and important cities in Europe. “The second,” he continued, hedging his words with care, “is so abominable that I dare not mention it.” The sin the pope deftly avoided naming, using a standard euphemism for what the late medieval Church deemed the most evil and dangerous of carnal vices, was of course the “unspeakable” practice of sodomy. Although this term could denote a wide range of prohibited sexual behaviors deemed “contrary to nature”—so called because they did not lead to procreation, the sole “natural” purpose of sex according to Catholic dogma—it usually referred to sex between males.
The Consent Principle of the Nuremberg Code: its Significance then and now
Authors: Katz Jay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Nuremberg Code is a remarkable document. Never before in the history of human experimentation, and never since, has any code or any regulation of research declared in such relentless and uncompromising a fashion that the psychological integrity of research subjects must be protected absolutely. Thus, its first principle: The Nuremberg Code has no antecedents except, ironically, for the Regulations on New Therapy and Human Experimentation promulgated in Germany by the Reichsminister of the Interior in 1931. Otherwise, the Code constitutes the first authoritative, and surely the most stringent, pronouncement on the rights of research subjects.