bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae on resistant Prunus genotypes
Authors: Sauge Marie‐Hélène , Kervella Jocelyne , Rahbé Yvan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractElectrical penetration graphs of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) feeding behaviour on four resistant and two susceptible genotypes of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) and related species showed that resistance was mainly linked to (i) reduced duration of phloem sap uptake, (ii) reduced percentage of pattern E1 (salivary secretion into sieve elements) followed by pattern E2 (sap ingestion) and (iii) increased number of shifts from E1 to E2 and back. These results suggest the unsuitability of phloem sap, and thus repetitive failures to initiate sustained ingestion. Extensive comparisons of the EPGs also revealed more specific trends. Aphids on the most susceptible cultivar GF305 produced significantly longer potential drops than on other peach genotypes. On the resistant Rubira, aphids generated more penetrations before the first E occurred, indicating the possible presence of a resistance factor before the phloem was reached. The clone P1908 of the wild species Prunus davidiana displayed traits of both susceptibility (less but longer probes) and resistance. In particular, aphids produced more E1, suggesting difficulties in preparing sieve elements before feeding. The aphid probing process could be correlated with aphid settling behaviour and bionomics, as previously reported, and gave evidence for the existence of different mechanisms underlying resistance in the tested genotypes against M. persicae.
Comparative effect of short term exposures of Callosobruchus subinnotatus to carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or low temperature on behavior and fecundity
Authors: Mbata George N. , Ramaswamy Sonny B. , Reichmuth Christoph 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe effect of anesthetizing with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or low temperature on the reproductive behavior and fecundity of Callosobruchus subinnotatus was investigated. Males and females anesthetized with N2 as virgins had shorter recovery time, copulated earlier, and had shorter mating time than those subjected to CO2 or low temperature. Exposure of males and females to 2.0±0.5 °C for 10 min had the most profound effect on the recovery periods, copulation time, and duration of mating. Adults anesthetized with CO2 and low temperature laid fewer eggs than those anesthetized with N2. Females were more affected than males by the treatments, except when males were chilled for 10 min, and this prolonged the time for commencement of mating. The mode of anesthesia could affect egg production because vitellogenesis and choriogenesis take place in the imago stage of bruchids.
Effects of temperature on survival and preimaginal development rates of Colorado potato beetle on potato and horse‐nettle: potential role in host range expansion
Authors: Hilbeck Angelika , Kennedy George G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the ability of Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) to use horse‐nettle (Solanum carolinense L.) as a host plant was determined for larvae from colonies originating from two geographically separated populations, one adapted to horse‐nettle (NC) and the other unadapted to horse‐nettle (MA). Survival and developmental rate on horse‐nettle and potato were measured for larvae from both colonies over a range of constant temperatures (12–30 °C) and one fluctuating temperature regime (22 °C to 30 °C). The ability of Colorado potato beetles to use horse‐nettle as a larval host was strongly influenced by temperature, but the effects of temperature differed greatly between beetles from the two colonies. Survival of adapted larvae on horse‐nettle was highest and comparable to that on potato at the constant 30 °C and the fluctuating temperature regime. Below 30 °C, survival of adapted larvae decreased drastically but some larvae survived at all temperatures except the lowest (12 °C). In contrast, survival of unadapted larvae to adult occurred only at 30 °C, and was low (10%). At lower temperatures, all larvae died. On potato, the effect of temperature was less dramatic, and consistent across colonies. At 12 °C, survival to adult was poor (ca. 10%), but at higher temperatures, survival increased sharply and larvae from both colonies survived equally well. On potato, small but statistically significant differences in developmental rates between beetle colonies were detected at the constant but not at the fluctuating temperature regimes. Also, the developmental day degree requirements (DD) and the low temperature development threshold (T0) values for the various developmental stages did not differ between colonies on potato. On horse‐nettle, development times for both colonies were always significantly longer and DD requirements were greater than on potato. At 30 °C, the only constant temperature at which larvae from the unadapted colony completed development, the development rate to adult emergence was similar to that of beetles from the adapted colony. Differences between colonies in performance on horse‐nettle were not a result of host‐independent, genetically based differences in the thermal requirements of the two populations. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation to horse‐nettle by Colorado potato beetle may be facilitated by a genotype × environment interaction involving temperature. These findings have important implications for host plant utilization, host range expansion and selection of pest biotypes adapted to plant resistance traits used in crop protection.
Diapause and survival in winter in two species of predatory bugs, Orius sauteri and O. minutus
Authors: Ito Kiyomitsu , Nakata Tadafumi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe cause of differences in overwintering success between the sexes in Orius sauteri (Poppius) and O. minutus (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) was investigated in the laboratory. The survival rate of adults was examined in a screen house outdoors during the winters of 1995–1996 and 1996–1997. None of the males of either species survived until spring in either year. However, 63.9% and 40.5% of the females in O. sauteri and O. minutus, respectively, survived the winter in 1995–1996, and 54.5% and 43.2%, respectively, in 1996–1997. Most of the males died by early winter. In both species, the adult females reared under short days (= L11:D13) survived for a long period at 5 or 0 °C, while the males reared under the same photoperiod died shortly after transfer to 5 or 0 °C from 22 °C. The males and females kept at same temperature conditions under long days (= L16:D8) died early. When nymphs were kept under long days at 22 °C, the lipid content in the female and male adults of O. sauteri was 27.9% and 17.7%, respectively. When nymphs were kept under short days, their lipid content was significantly higher (41.1%) than that of those reared under long days for females, but lipid content was comparable in the males regardless of photoperiod (15.6%). In O. minutus, the mean lipid content was 27.2% in females and 19.0% in males under long days at 22 °C, and 40.8% in females and 19.8% in males under short days. Thus, a large amount of lipid was accumulated only in females kept under short days in both species. These results suggest that short days induced diapause only in adult females but not in males. Due to the lack of diapause and shortage of lipid accumulation, males may not be able to survive the winter.
A microscope slide test for the evaluation of insect repellents as used with Culicoides impunctatus
Authors: Stuart A.E. , Stuart Caroline L.E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAn account is given of a field test suitable for evaluating insect repellents. Our test insect was Culicoides impunctatus. The test is based on the avoidance of a test substance placed within a circular chamber. It appears to be reliable and reproducible. The different components of oil of Myrica gale have been investigated and a hierarchy of activity is revealed, limonene and terpenine‐4‐ol being at the extremes of the range of activity.
Sex pheromone of the butterbur borer, Ostrinia zaguliaevi
Authors: Huang Yongping , Honda Hiroshi , Yoshiyasu Yutaka , Hoshizaki Sugihiko , Tatsuki Sadahiro , Ishikawa Yukio 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe sex pheromone blend of the butterbur borer, Ostrinia zaguliaevi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was analyzed by means of gas chromatography‐electroantennographic detection (GC‐EAD), GC‐mass spectrometry and a series of wind‐tunnel bioassays. Four EAD‐active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and these were identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z9‐14:OAc), (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (E11‐14:OAc) and (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z11‐14:OAc). The average amounts ± s.d. of the four compounds in a single sex pheromone gland were 7.9±3.7 ng, 10.1±3.2 ng, 1.1±0.5 ng and 11.6±5.1 ng, respectively. In a wind‐tunnel bioassay, the ternary blend of Z9‐, E11‐ and Z11‐14:OAc at a ratio found in the sex pheromone gland (45:5:50) elicited the same behavioral responses from the males as did virgin females and pheromone gland extract. Removal of any single compound from the ternary blend significantly diminished the pheromonal activity, whereas addition of 14:OAc to the ternary blend had no effect on the males' behavioral responses. Therefore, it was concluded that the sex pheromone blend of O. zaguliaevi is composed of Z9‐14:OAc, E11‐14:OAc and Z11‐14:OAc at a ratio of 45:5:50.
The impact of the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga on Callosobruchus maculatus populations and the damage to cowpea in a traditional storage system
Authors: van Huis A. , Schütte C. , Sagnia S. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractIn West Africa, Uscana lariophaga (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizes the eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), an important pest of stored cowpea. The impact of the egg parasitoid on pest populations was evaluated in clay pots used in traditional storage in Niger. At the beginning of the storage period cowpeas were infested with different densities of larval instars and adults of C. maculatus and inoculated with one density of U. lariophaga. The higher the initial densities of C. maculatus, the better the egg parasitoid was able to establish itself and to control the population of C. maculatus, limiting the damage to cowpea. After three months of storage, the egg parasitoid significantly reduced the number of C. maculatus adults by 68 at the lowest and 86 percent at the highest initial density of the beetle; the percentage of damaged beans was reduced by 13 and 19% respectively.
Effects of leaf pubescence in Salix borealis on host‐plant choice and feeding behaviour of the leaf beetle, Melasoma lapponica
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Kozlov Mikhail V. , Niemelä Pekka 
Published: October 2003

AbstractDensity of leaf trichomes in Salix borealis affected both the choice of individual host plants and feeding behaviour of adults and last instar larvae of the willow feeding leaf beetle, Melasoma lapponica. Beetles clearly preferred shaved disks to unshaved ones taken from the same leaf; this preference was highest in leaves of the most pubescent plants. High leaf pubescence explained the low preference for willow clones from the high density site in among‐site preference trials; shaving significantly increased the consumption of these pubescent willow clones. In no‐choice experiments, the food consumption by both adults and last instar larvae decreased with an increase in leaf pubescence. The time budget of adults did not depend on leaf pubescence of the host plants, however adults compelled to feed on highly pubescent plants changed their feeding sites twice as often as on less pubescent willow clones. Larvae feeding on highly pubescent plants spend moving three times as much time as larvae feeding on less pubescent plants. Combined with our earlier observations on the increase in leaf pubescence in the year(s) following defoliation, these data suggest that leaf hairiness may have contributed to the delayed induced resistance in S. borealis by disturbing the feeding behaviour of M. lapponica.
Reduction in the foraging activity of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta sexdens caused by the phorid Neodohrniphora sp.
Authors: Bragança Marcos Antonio L. , Tonhasca Athayde , Della Lucia Terezinha M.C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractFemales of the parasitic phorid Neodohrniphora sp. were collected in the field and released singly inside an observation chamber placed between a laboratory colony of Atta sexdens (L.) and its foraging arena. The number and speed of loaded and unloaded ants returning to the nest, the weight of foragers and their loads, the number of leaf fragments abandoned by ants, and the number of small workers ‘hitchhiking’ on leaf fragments were measured before phorids were released, while they were in the observation chamber, and after they were removed. Relatively few ants were attacked by Neodohrniphora sp., but the presence of flies prompted outbound ants to return to the nest and caused a significant reduction on the number and mass of foragers. Additionally, the weight of leaf fragments transported by ants was reduced and the number of abandoned fragments increased in response to Neodohrniphora sp. Presence of the parasitoid caused no significant changes in the number of hitchhiking ants. The regular ants' traffic was resumed after phorids were removed, but foraging activity remained below normal for up to three hours. In the field A. sexdens forages mostly at night, but colonies undergo periods of diurnal foraging during which ants are subject to parasitism from several species of phorid flies. Considering that daytime foraging may be necessary for nutritional or metabolical needs, phorids may have a significant impact on their hosts by altering their foraging behavior regardless of the numerical values of parasitism.
Electrical penetration graphs of the nymphal stage of Bemisia argentifolii
Authors: Jiang Y.X. , Walker G.P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractElectrical penetration graph (EPG, DC system) waveforms were recorded from first, second, and third instar Bemisia argentifolii nymphs. Waveforms recorded were similar among the three instars. Four waveforms were recorded and were named C, J, L, and H. Waveform J is new, whereas waveforms C, L, and H of B. argentifolii nymphs were similar to those published previously from greenhouse whitefly nymphs. As in the previous study on greenhouse whitefly nymphs, there was variation in each of waveforms C, L, and H. Waveform C was recorded at an extracellular voltage level, and represents a pathway phase where the stylets penetrate the plant tissue in an intercellular pathway. At the end of waveform C, the voltage dropped to an intracellular level, indicating penetration of a living cell, and the stylet tips then remained in that cell for the rest of the EPG recording, which was sometimes as long as 16 h. Three waveforms (J, L, and H) were recorded during this intracellular phase, beginning with J, a brief (average = 31 s), low amplitude, irregular waveform. J appeared only at the beginning of the intracellular phase, and was followed by either L (five out of eight times) or H (three out of eight times). Waveforms L and H then alternated with one another for the remainder of the intracellular phase. The most conspicuous difference between L and H was the frequency of their voltage fluctuations; L had a lower frequency and H a higher frequency. Usually the shape of waveform L was dominated by voltage peaks in a positive direction, while waveform H was characterized by strong voltage peaks in a negative direction; although some variants of both L and H had distinct voltage peaks in both directions. The electrical origin of both the positive and negative voltage peaks was electromotive force (emf) fluctuation rather than resistance fluctuation. During waveform H, copious amounts of honeydew were produced, indicating that the penetrated cell was a sieve element. We conclude, therefore, that H represents phloem sap ingestion; and because J and L are produced in the same cell as H, then phloem phase is represented by waveforms J, L, and H. The biological correlations for J and L are not yet known.
Survival and oviposition of a western corn rootworm variant feeding on soybean
Authors: Mabry Timothy R. , Spencer Joseph L. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe role of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merril (Fabaceae), in the circumvention of crop rotation was evaluated by observing the effects of soybean herbivory on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) survival and oviposition. Field collected D. virgifera adults resistant to annual rotation of corn, Zea mays (L.) (Poaceae), and soybean were given the opportunity to feed on a soybean pre‐treatment diet prior to diet combinations of corn, soybean, and/or water. The number of days that the adults survived after removal of the diet combinations was used as a measure of insect vigor and diet quality. Willingness to feed on a soybean foliage pre‐treatment did not indicate greater ability to benefit nutritionally from soybean herbivory. Adult D. virgifera previously feeding on corn, soybean, or water survived starvation for 8.3 ± 0.15 days, 5.1 ± 0.13 days, and 3.9 ± 0.14 days, respectively. Diabrotica virgifera recover from 2 days of starvation or poor diet if subsequently given access to corn tissues for 2 days. Eggs were laid within 1 day of access to poor diet or starvation. Other D. virgifera, captured as they flew from a cornfield into a soybean field, were maintained on soybean foliage or only water until they died. Of the beetles with access to soybean foliage, 24% fed within 24 h after capture and survived 1 day longer than insects given only water. Only 20% of these D. virgifera were able to lay eggs without consuming additional corn prior to death. Few D. virgifera enter soybean fields capable of immediate oviposition. Female reproductive status and diet quality influence the likelihood of oviposition following exposure to stress. The effects of soybean herbivory may contribute to the proximate mechanism of resistance to crop rotation.
Olfactory orientation of the truffle beetle, Leiodes cinnamomea
Authors: Hochberg Michael E. , Bertault Guillaume , Poitrineau Karine , Janssen Arne 
Published: October 2003

AbstractAlthough the truffle beetle, Leiodes cinnamomea, inflicts substantial damage to the ripe stage of fruiting bodies of the economically important black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), it is not attracted by ripe truffle odours. Rather, male beetles are attracted to infested truffles only in the presence of female beetles, suggesting that the former employ a pheromone to locate truffles over short distances. In contrast, female beetles show no attraction to infested or uninfested truffles, suggesting that they employ other cues, possibly linked to odours emitted by truffles prior to the ripe stage. We hypothesize that the chemical composition of truffle volatiles changes over the life of the truffle fruiting body, being attractive to insects early on and to mammals just prior to decomposition.
The Gorbachev Factor
Authors: Brown Archie 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
This is an analysis of how fundamental change came about in the Soviet Union and of the part played by political leadership. In its most general aspect, it is a contribution to the literature on democratization and transitions from authoritarian rule. More specifically, it examines the evolution of Mikhail Gorbachev as a reformist politician and his major role in the political transformation of the Soviet Union and in ending the Cold War. The failures as well as the successes of perestroika are examined – economic reform that left the system in limbo and the break‐up of the Soviet state that Gorbachev had attempted to hold together on the basis of a new and voluntary federation or looser confederation. The institutional power of the General Secretary was such that only a reformer in that office could undertake peaceful systemic change in such a long‐established, post‐totalitarian authoritarian regime as the USSR, with its sophisticated instruments of control and coercion. In embracing the pluralization of the Soviet political system and thereby removing the monopoly of power of the Communist Party, Gorbachev undermined his own power base. His embrace of new ideas, amounting to a conceptual revolution, combined with his power of appointment, made possible, however, what Gorbachev himself described as revolutionary change by evolutionary means. Mikhail Gorbachev's lasting merit lies in the fact that he presided over, and facilitated, the introduction of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association, religious freedom, and freedom of movement, and left Russia a freer country than it had been in its long history.
Attitudes De Dicto and De Se
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
In this wide‐ranging paper, Lewis defends the view that propositional attitudes consist in relations to properties, which themselves are sets of possible individuals. In so doing, he champions the importance of self‐ascribing attitudes (i.e. what he coins ‘de se’ attitudes), arguing that “the de se subsumes the de dicto, but not vice versa.” Along the way, a host of topics are discussed, including time‐slices of continuant persons, centered possible worlds, and decision theory.
Causal Decision Theory
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
When confronted with Newcomb problems, decision theory yields the wrong answer. This paper argues for an improved decision theory that is sensitive to causal distinctions. The causal theories of Skyrms, Sobel, and others are surveyed, and an objection against causal decision theories in general is deflected. The paper includes a postscript dealing with two criticisms by Rabinowicz.
The Place of Financial Markets in the Economy
Authors: Houthakker Hendrik S. , Williamson Peter J. 
Published: October 2003

Abstract
Some of the frameworks and concepts of macroeconomics are deployed to explore the place of financial markets in the US economy, and various important questions are introduced (such as how interest rates are determined) that are elaborated upon in later chapters. The first section of the chapter looks at real assets and financial claims – balance sheets for the US economy, the US international investment position, and distribution of financial assets. In the second section – A framework for macroeconomic analysis of flows – one of the main tools of analysis used is the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA), which extend the accounting concepts developed in Ch. 1 to the economy as a whole; these accounts are combined with the Flow of Funds (FOF) accounts into a framework for describing supply and demand in the securities markets. The third section discusses the rate of interest. The framework presented in the second section is then used to discuss the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and of inflation, particularly on interest rates and securities prices.