bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicle cargoes mirror the cardioprotective effects of rivaroxaban in patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Weiss Luisa , Uhrig Wido , Kelliher Sarah , Szklanna Paulina B. , Prendiville Tadhg , Comer Shane P. , Edebiri Osasere , Egan Karl , Lennon Áine , Kevane Barry , Murphy Sean , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , Maguire Patricia B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rivaroxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor, mediates anti‐inflammatory and cardiovascular‐protective effects besides its well‐established anticoagulant properties; yet, these remain poorly characterized. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered proinflammatory messengers regulating a myriad of (patho)physiological processes and may be highly relevant to the pathophysiology of VTE. The effects of Rivaroxaban on circulating EVs in VTE patients remain unknown. We have established that differential EV biosignatures are found in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation anticoagulated with Rivaroxaban versus warfarin. Here, we investigated whether differential proteomic profiles of circulating EVs could also be found in patients with VTE.Methods and ResultsWe performed comparative label‐free quantitative proteomic profiling of enriched plasma EVs from VTE patients anticoagulated with either Rivaroxaban or warfarin using a tandem mass spectrometry approach. Of the 182 quantified proteins, six were found to be either exclusive to, or enriched in, Rivaroxaban‐treated patients. Intriguingly, these proteins are involved in negative feedback regulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways, suggesting that EV proteomic signatures may reflect both Rivaroxaban's anti‐coagulatory and anti‐inflammatory potential.ConclusionsThese differences suggest Rivaroxaban may have pleiotropic effects, supporting the reports of its emerging anti‐inflammatory and cardiovascular‐protective characteristics relative to warfarin.
Globin phylogeny, evolution and function, the newest update
Authors: Schuster Claudio David , Salvatore Franco , Moens Luc , Martí Marcelo Adrián 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOur globin census update allows us to refine our vision of globin origin, evolution, and structure to function relationship in the context of the currently accepted tree of life. The modern globin domain originates as a single domain, three‐over‐three α‐helical folded structure before the diversification of the kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya). Together with the diversification of prokaryotes, three monophyletic globin families (M, S, and T) emerged, most likely in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, displaying specific sequence and structural features, and spread by vertical and horizontal gene transfer, most probably already present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Non‐globin domains were added, and eventually lost again, creating multi‐domain structures in key branches of M‐ (FHb and Adgb) and the vast majority of S globins, which with their coevolved multi‐domain architectures, have predominantly “sensor” functions. Single domain T‐family globins diverged into four major groups and most likely display functions related to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) chemistry, as well as oxygen storage/transport which drives the evolution of its major branches with their characteristic key distal residues (B10, E11, E7, and G8). M‐family evolution also lead to distinctive major types (FHb and Fgb, Ngb, Adgb, GbX vertebrate Gbs), and shows the shift from high oxygen affinity controlled by TyrB10‐Gln/AsnE11 likely related to RNOS chemistry in microorganisms, to a moderate oxygen affinity storage/transport function controlled by hydrophobic B10/E11–HisE7 in multicellular animals.
Garlic‐derived compounds: Epigenetic modulators and their antitumor effects
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Haichao , Qin Lin , Lin Shuye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCancer is a highly heterogeneous disease that poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the prognosis and survival rate of cancer remain poor due to late diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse reactions. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the development mechanism of cancer and formulate effective therapeutic interventions. As widely available bioactive substances, natural products have shown obvious anticancer potential, especially by targeting abnormal epigenetic changes. The main active part of garlic is organic sulfur compounds, of which diallyl trisulfide (DATS) content is the highest, accounting for more than 40% of the total composition. The garlic‐derived compounds have been recognized as an antioxidant for cancer prevention and treatment. However, the molecular mechanism of the antitumor effect of garlic‐derived compounds remains unclear. Recent studies have identified garlic‐derived compound DATS that plays critical roles in enhancing CpG demethylation or promoting histone acetylation as an epigenetic inhibitor. Here, we review the therapeutic progress of garlic‐derived compounds against cancer through epigenetic pathways.
The controversy of SARS‐CoV‐2 integration into the human genome
Authors: AL‐Eitan Laith , Mihyar Ahmad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBat borne disease have attracted many researchers for years. The ability of the bat to host several exogenous viruses has been a focal point in research lately. The latest pandemic shifted the focus of scholars towards understanding the difference in response to viral infection between humans and bats. In a way to understand the basis of the interaction and behaviour between SARS‐CoV‐2 and the environment, a conflict between different researchers across the globe arose. This conflict asked many questions about the truth of virus‐host integration, whether an interaction between RNA viruses and human genomes has ever been reported, the possible route and mechanism that could lead to genomic integration of viral sequences and the methods used to detect integration. This article highlights those questions and will discuss the diverse opinions of the controversy and provide examples on reported integration mechanisms and possible detection techniques.
A framework for measuring the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goal 4.2 (Quality Preprimary Education) at the local scale: an empirical study in Nanjing, China
Authors: Luo Haifeng , Zhao Xiang , Zhang Yiqing , Cai Bocheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEqualizing preprimary education is vital for promoting social welfare and aligns with the UN's 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4.2 which advocates equal and adequate access to quality preprimary education for all children. We developed an accessibility‐based analysis framework to assess the SDG 4.2 progress at local scale, providing improved policy recommendations for local governments by considering spatiality, equality, and adequacy across different spatial scales. The Huff–G2SFCA model was used at the grid scale to capture progress and spatial heterogeneity in preprimary education facilities and parental preferences. We used the Gini coefficient to measure the resource distribution equality at the subdistrict and district scales. The adequacy of resources across districts was evaluated using the supply–demand ratio. Our findings in Nanjing highlight challenges due to inadequate and unequal allocation of preprimary education resources, hindering SDG 4.2 advancement. Approximately 8% of children face difficulties accessing quality preprimary education, and a Gini coefficient of 0.52 indicating educational inequality. Despite positive progress in Nanjing's central urban area, suburban, and rural regions, especially the Gaochun and Lishui Districts, face significant challenges of preprimary education resource adequacy and equality in their pursuit of SDG 4.2.
The role of late adolescents' emotion regulation in the experience of COVID‐19 lockdown: A longitudinal study
Authors: Musso Pasquale , Inguglia Cristiano , Wiium Nora , Coco Alida Lo , Liga Francesca , Albiero Paolo , Bartolo Maria Giuseppina , Cassibba Rosalinda , Barrett Martyn , Tenenbaum Harriet , Burns Maria Bethany , Ingoglia Sonia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic may be considered a unique mass‐trauma experience. This study examined the relations between Italian late adolescents' emotion regulation strategies, their anxiety states, and their experience of the lockdown (in terms of discomfort related to restrictions, capacities to create new functional daily routines, and to find positive changes in one's own life) during the first wave of this pandemic. We analysed how participants' reports of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were associated with anxiety states during the 2020 Italian COVID‐19 lockdown (large scale physical distancing and movement restrictions) and one month after the lockdown restrictions had been removed. We also examined how cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and anxiety states were linked to late adolescents' experience of lockdown. The participants were 497 Italian adolescents, aged from 17 to 24 years (Mage = 21.11, SD = 1.83). A longitudinal structural equation modelling showed that emotion regulation strategies and anxiety states were not associated across time. Cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with routine reorganization and positive changes. In contrast, participants' expressive suppression was negatively related to their discomfort related to restrictions, ability to functionally reorganise their daily routine, and ability to find positive changes related to the COVID‐19 emergency. Anxiety was positively linked to discomfort related to restrictions. The findings are discussed in light of the current literature related to emotion regulation and anxiety. Limitations and implications for practice are presented.
Rational Design of Dynamically Super‐Tough and Super‐Stretchable Hydrogels for Deformable Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Mo Funian , Hang Lifeng , Xu Maji , Cheng Lukuan , Cui Mangwei , Chen Lina , Liang Guojin , Wei Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogels possess unique polymer networks that offer flexibility/stretchability, high ionic conductivity, and resistance to electrolyte leakage, making them suitable for deformable energy storage devices. Endowing the mechanical functionality of the hydrogel electrolytes focus on either enhancing the stretchability or the toughness. However, the stretchability and the toughness are generally a trade‐off that the stretchable gels are intrinsically prone to damage and sensitive to notches and cracks. Here, the regulating strategies on the hydrogel's mechanical properties are provided to develop the designated hydrogel electrolyte, where different polymeric network structures are constructed, including single network structures, semi‐interpenetrating network structures, and interpenetrating dual‐network structures. A comprehensive comparison of these polymer network structures is conducted to evaluate their mechanical stretchability and toughness. Designing super‐tough and super‐stretchable hydrogels based on specific application requirements can be realized by striking a balance by regulating the hydrogel structure. In specific, incorporating semi‐interpenetrating networks significantly can enhance stretchability to achieve a break elongation up to 1300%, while the interpenetrating dual‐networks can largely improve the toughness to realize the extraordinary fracture toughness of 6.843 kJ m−2. These findings offer valuable designing guidance for designated hydrogel electrolytes and the deformable zinc‐silver battery is demonstrated with high mechanical stability and electrochemical performance.
Sketching Precursor Evolution to Delineate Growth Pathways for Anatase (TiO2) Crystal Design
Authors: Jain Anusha , Kumar Manjesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEngineering advanced functional materials such as Anatase crystals through the molecular tuning of crystal facets is the current enigma of interest pertinent to solving the structure‐property‐performance triad. Developing optimal shapes and sizes of crystallite necessitates exploring the nanoscopic growth mechanism via precursor tracking. Here, the tapestry of particles varying in dimensionality (0D–3D), sizes (8–3000 nm), and morphology (aggregated to highly faceted crystals) is generated. To decipher and subsequently modulate the crystallization pathways, high‐resolution microscopy (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)) is used to sketch time‐stamped particle evolution. Interestingly, the studies provide evidence for 4‐distinct mechanisms where nanoparticles/nanosheets play direct and/or indirect roles in crystallization through multi‐stage aggregation (primary, secondary, and tertiary) beginning with similar growth solutions. The four distinct pathways elucidate bulk particle formation via non‐classical routes of crystallization including nanosheet alignment and aggregation, nanocrystallite formation and fusion, nanobeads formation and attachment, and direct nanosheet incorporation in bulk crystals. Notably, the direct evidence of flexible‐partially‐ordered nanosheets being subsumed along the contours of bulk crystals is captured. These novel syntheses generated uniquely faceted particles with high‐indexed surface planes such as (004), (200), and (105), amenable to photocatalytic applications.
VARPA: In Silico Additive Screening for Protein‐Based Lighting Devices
Authors: Banda‐Vázquez Jesús Agustín , Mauz Alexander , Werner Juan Pablo Fuenzalida , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProtein optoelectronics is an emerging field facing implementation and stabilization challenges of proteins in harsh non‐natural environments, such as dry polymers, inorganic materials, etc., operating at high temperatures/irradiations. In this context, additives promoting structural and functional protein stabilization are paramount to realize highly performing devices. On one hand, trial‐error experimental assays based on previous knowledge of classical additives in aqueous solutions are effort/time‐consuming, while their translation to water‐less matrices is uncertain. On the other hand, computational simulations (molecular dynamics, electronic structure methods, etc.) are limited by the system size and time. Herein, ligand‐binding affinity and atomic perturbations to create a day‐fast computational method combining Vina And Rosetta for Protein Additives (VARPA) to simulate the stabilization effect of sugars for the archetypal enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a standard dry polymer color‐converting filter for bio‐hybrid light‐emitting diodes is merged. The VARPA's sugar additive prediction trend for protein stabilization is nicely validated by thermal and photophysical studies as well as lighting device analysis. The device stability followed the predicted enhanced stability trend, reaching a 40‐fold improvement compared to reference devices. Overall, VARPA can be adapted to a myriad of additives and proteins, driving first‐step experimental efforts toward highly performing protein devices.
Enhanced recovery after surgery after radical gastrectomy: Improved compliance over time is associated with a shorter postoperative hospital stay
Authors: Tankel James , Kammili Anitha , Meng Andrew , Dehghani Mehrnoush , Sakalla Rawan , Spicer Jonathan , Najmeh Sara , Cools‐Lartigue Jonathan , Ferri Lorenzo , Mueller Carmen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanging adherence over time to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols following radical gastrectomy and the impact this has on length of stay (LoS) is not well described. This study aimed to explore the changes in adherence to core ERAS elements over time and the relationship between compliance and LoS.MethodsA retrospective, single center cohort study was performed between 01/2016–12/2021. An ad hoc analysis revealed the point at which a significant difference in the number of patients being discharge on postoperative day (PoD) 3 was noted allowing allocation of patients to Group A (01/2016–12/2019) or B (01/2020–12/2021). Compliance with core ERAS elements was compared and the relationship between compliance and discharge by (PoD) 3 assessed. Variables significant on univariate analysis were assessed using binary multivariate regression.ResultsOf the 268 patients identified, 187 met the inclusion criteria (Group A 112 and Group B 75). More patients in Group B mobilized on PoD 1 (60.0 vs. 31.3%, p = <0.001), tolerated postgastrectomy diet by PoD 3 (84.6 vs. 62.5%, p = 0.049), and were discharged by PoD 3 (34.7 vs. 20.5%, p = 0.002). Protocol compliance of >75% was associated with discharge on PoD 3 (area under the curve, 0.726). Active mobilization on PoD 1 (OR 3.5, p = 0.009), compliance ≥75% (OR 3.3, p = 0.036), and preoperative nutritional consult (OR 0.2, p = 0.002) were independently associated with discharge on PoD 3. Discharge on PoD 3 did not increase readmission or representation to hospital.ConclusionEarly mobilization, protocol compliance >75%, and preoperative nutritional consult were associated with discharge on PoD 3 after radical gastrectomy.
Seeking for non‐friendly chemical elements in tabletop sugar and zero to low‐calorie sweetener sachets
Authors: Moussa Hussein Abdul Karim , Espinola Diego Osmar Galeano , Hernández Sandy González , Hönnicke Marcelo G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDifferent tabletop sugar and zero to low‐calorie sweetener samples (sachets) of different suppliers, taken randomly, at different cafeterias in Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay have been selected, for spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, to figure out if they can present non‐friendly components in their composition. Traces of sulfites and aluminosilicates make only 2 out of 16 tabletop sugar sweetener samples safe. On the other hand, traces of sucrose, lactose, sulfites, and aspartame, make only 1 out of 13 tabletop zero to low‐calorie sweetener samples, safe.
The Role of Cavitation in Creep-Fatigue Interaction
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere are many empirical models for the development of creep and fatigue damage. The perhaps most well-known ones are Robison’s and Miner’s damage summation rules. They are based on the mechanical behavior during monotonous and cyclic loading. To improve the accuracy of the damage assessment, it is important to analyze the changes in the microstructure as well, not least the cavitation. To describe cyclic loading, special empirical models have often been used in the past, some with numerous adjustable parameters. Recently, a model for cyclic loading has been formulated that is based on the corresponding expressions for monotonous loading. The main change is that the value of the dynamic recovery constant is increased. In this way, cyclic hysteresis loops can be reproduced without adjustable parameters. Cavitation is believed to be of the same technical importance during cyclic as during static loading. In spite of this, the number of studies of cavitation during cyclic loading is quite limited. One set of data exists for a 1Cr0.5Mo steel. The static cavitation models have been transferred to cyclic conditions. It is demonstrated that these models can describe the cavitation both during low cycle fatigue (LCF) and combined creep and LCF.
Primary Creep
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor many materials, primary creep can be described with the phi (ϕ) model and tertiary creep with the Omega (Ω) model (discussed in Chap. 12). According to the phi model, the creep rate is linear in strain and time in a double logarithmic diagram. When using empirical descriptions of the creep curves, these models are recommended. Several basic models for primary creep are derived. They are based on the creep rate in the secondary stage. This means that primary creep can be derived without any new data. The primary creep models are in agreement with the phi model and can describe experimental data. For the martensitic 9–12% Cr steels at least two dislocation densities are needed to represent primary creep because the initial dislocation density is high contrary to the situation for annealed fcc materials.
Grain Boundary Sliding
Authors: Sandström Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring plastic deformation at elevated temperatures, grains move relative to each other which is referred to as grain boundary sliding (GBS). The amount of GBS is proportional to the creep strain with a proportionality constant that is known from finite element analyses, and found to agree with experiments for Cu. The most import effect of GBS is that it gives rise to the initiation of creep cavities, Chap. 10. GBS is also the main mechanism for superplasticity. A basic model for superplasticity is presented.
Semilinear De Morgan monoids and epimorphisms
Authors: Wannenburg J. J. , Raftery J. G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA representation theorem is proved for De Morgan monoids that are (i) semilinear, i.e., subdirect products of totally ordered algebras, and (ii) negatively generated, i.e., generated by lower bounds of the neutral element. Using this theorem, we prove that the De Morgan monoids satisfying (i) and (ii) form a variety—in fact, a locally finite variety. We then prove that epimorphisms are surjective in every variety of negatively generated semilinear De Morgan monoids. In the process, epimorphism-surjectivity is established for several other classes as well, including the variety of all semilinear idempotent commutative residuated lattices and all varieties of negatively generated semilinear Dunn monoids. The results settle natural questions about Beth-style definability for a range of substructural logics.
Mechano-thermic reduction of low-grade titanium ore for high-grade TiO2 synthesis
Authors: Mojisola Tajudeen , Ramakokovhu Munyadziwa Mercy , Olubambi Peter Apata 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA systematic study on the mechano-thermic reduction of low-grade ilmenite concentrate for the production of high-grade TiO2 powder used in the production of non-oxide ceramics for cutting tool applications has been successfully carried out. Samples were prepared via planetary ball milling and carbothermic reduction processes, and the as-reduced product was subsequently leached in order to improve the synthesized TiO2 by removing the metallic iron in it and other minor soluble impurities dissolved in the iron. The mechano-thermic reduction was achieved by milling a representative mixture of ilmenite and carbon in a molar ratio of 1:1, followed by carbothermic reduction at 1000 °C in a laboratory high-temperature furnace for 60 min. The as-reduced product was subsequently leached at 80 °C for 6 h in a hydrochloric acid solution. It was found that there was a complete reduction of ilmenite to metallic iron and TiO2 at 1000 °C. The results of the FESEM showed there were only two distinct regions of metallic iron (bright region) and titanium dioxide (grey region) with minor traces of unreacted carbon (dark spots), although there was clear regional demarcation between these regions. However, the iron dissolution during the acid treatment was almost 100% as there were no peaks of iron in the as-leached powder. The results of these analyses confirmed the synthesis of high-grade TiO2, which finds application in cutting tool applications and other areas such as in reflective pigment production.