bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promising potential of machine learning-assisted MALDI-TOF MS as an effective detector for
Streptococcus suis
serotype 2 and virulence thereof
Authors: Wang Zhuohao , Zhou Yu , Guo Genglin , Li Quan , Yu Yanfei , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus suis
is a major swine pathogen that can be transmitted to humans by close contact with infected or carrier pigs. Among the 29 true serotypes, serotype 2 is the most significant due to its high prevalence in diseased pigs and its association with human clinical cases. The co-existence of strong and weak virulent strains of SS2 (
Streptococcus suis
serotype 2) complicates the surveillance, coupled with the fact that traditional methods based on serologic tests or multiple PCR are laborious and time-consuming, posing challenges to the prevention and control of streptococcosis. Therefore, developing a new method to rapidly detect
S. suis
serotype 2 and virulent strains thereof is extremely essential. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was performed among 137
S
.
suis
strains covering all the true serotypes to explore its potential for identifying SS2 strains with strong virulence. By comparing mass spectrometry data with those of bacterial phenotypic and genomic properties, our study reveals, for the first time, the strong correlations between mass spectra patterns and the phenotypes (of serotype and virulence). In addition, machine learning-based classifiers have more than 90% accuracy in making correct judgments. Overall, the promising potential of MALDI-TOF MS for virulent SS2 detection was proven, and the corresponding methods disclosed in this study will pave the way for high speed-specific causative agent identification among more extensive bacterial species.

IMPORTANCE

To the best of our knowledge, this study reveals a strong correlation between mass spectra pattern and virulence phenotype among
S. suis
for the first time. In order to make the findings applicable and to excavate the intrinsic information in the spectra, the classifiers based on the machine learning algorithms were established, and RF (Random Forest)-based models have achieved an accuracy of over 90%. Overall, this study will pave the way for virulent SS2 (
Streptococcus suis
serotype 2) rapid detection, and the important findings on the association between genotype and mass spectrum may provide a new idea for the genotype-dependent detection of specific pathogens.
Chikungunya virus perturbs the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway for efficient viral infection
Authors: Chatterjee Sanchari , Ghosh Soumyajit , Datey Ankita , Mahish Chandan , Chattopadhyay Subhasis , Chattopadhyay Soma 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Viruses use various strategies to modulate host pathways and take benefit of host machineries for efficient infection. It has been reported that certain viruses manipulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway; however, its role in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has not yet been investigated. Hence, the focus of the current study was to evaluate the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CHIKV infection using
in vitro
,
in vivo
, and
ex vivo
models. The study revealed that CHIKV infection suppressed the active β-catenin protein associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which, in turn, led to the reduction of cyclin-D1 and upregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Inhibition of β-catenin by an inhibitor (iCRT14) showed a drastic reduction in the viral RNA, protein, and new viral particle formation
in vitro
. Next, it was found that β-catenin is important in different phases of viral life cycle. Notably, the treatment of CHIKV-infected C57BL/6 mice with this drug reduced the disease score substantially with a 91.7% decrease in the viral load. Similar result was observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived monocyte-macrophage populations and in physiologically relevant cells like RAW264.7 and C2C12 cells. Additionally, knockdown of β-catenin by siRNA drastically reduced viral particle formation. Further investigation revealed that CHIKV-nsP2 interacts with β-catenin during CHIKV infection. In conclusion, this work demonstrated for the first time the mechanistic insights regarding the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway for CHIKV infection that might contribute to the designing of effective therapeutics for the control of this virus infection in future.

IMPORTANCE
Being obligate parasites, viruses use various host cell machineries in effectively replicating their genome, along with virus-encoded enzymes. In order to carry out infection and pathogenesis, viruses are known to manipulate fundamental cellular processes in cells and interfere with host gene expression. Several viruses interact with the cellular proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway; however, reports regarding the involvement of protein components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are scarce. Additionally, there are currently no remedies or vaccines available for CHIKV. This is the first study to report that modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is crucial for effective CHIKV infection. These investigations deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of CHIKV infection and offer new avenue for developing effective countermeasures to efficiently manage CHIKV infection.
Polynomial Entropy and Polynomial Torsion for Fibered Systems
Authors: Grycan-Gérard Flavien , Marco Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGiven a continuous fibered dynamical system, we first introduce the notion of polynomial torsion of a fiber,
which measures the “infinitesimal variation” of the dynamics between the fiber and the neighboring ones.
This gives rise to an (upper semicontinous) torsion function,
defined on the base of the system, which is a new
$$C^{0}$$ (fiber) conjugacy invariant. We prove that the polynomial entropy of the system is the supremum of
the torsion of its fibers, which yields a new insight into the creation of polynomial entropy in fibered systems.
We examine the relevance of these results in the context of integrable Hamiltonian
systems or diffeomorphisms, with the particular cases of $$C^{0}$$-integrable twist maps on the annulus and geodesic flows.
Finally, we bound from below the polynomial entropy of $$\ell$$-modal interval maps in terms of their lap number and answer a question by Gomes and Carneiro.
Efficacy of Tuina in chronic low back pain with anxiety: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yin Zhiyang , Shuaipan Zhang , He Pei , Zhang Qi , Fang Min , Lu Ping 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionChronic low back pain (cLBP) is one of the largest and most frequent public health problems worldwide. Tuina is a physical therapy commonly used in China to treat musculoskeletal diseases. Compared with traction, there is little high-quality scientific evidence that can demonstrate the effectiveness of Tuina in the treatment of patients with cLBP. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of massage on cLBP patients compared with traction.Methods and analysesThis is a single-centre, assessor-blinded and analyst-blinded prospective randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms. Ninety-four patients with cLBP will be recruited. Three treatments were given every week for a total of 4 weeks. In the Traction group, participants were given traction therapy in the Tuina group, participants will receive a four-step physiotherapy including kneading, rolling, plucking and oblique pulling. The outcomes will be measured at baseline, at the end of treatment, as well as 1 and 2 months after treatment. The primary outcome will be the Hamilton Anxiety Scale after 12 sessions of treatment. The secondary outcomes will be the Visual Analogue Scale, the medical outcomes study Short Form 36, Serum Quantitative Index and genetic testing after 12 sessions of treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200065448.
Geographic Atrophy Management Consensus (GA-MAC): a Delphi panel study on identification, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kaiser Peter K , Karpecki Paul M , Regillo Carl D , Baumal Caroline , Ryan Edwin H , Ip Michael S , Modi Yasha , Yeu Elizabeth , Nijm Lisa , Farid Marjan , Rebenitsch Ronald Luke , Kim Terry , Shechtman Diana L , Nichols Kelly , Schweitzer Justin , Dunbar Mark T , Rafieetary Mohammad R , Donnenfeld Eric D 
Published: October 2023

Background/aimsWith a paradigm shift in geographic atrophy (GA) treatments now available, establishing consensus on the identification and diagnosis of the disease along with considerations for management of patients with GA will assist eye care professionals (ECP) in their day-to-day practices, leading to improved patient outcomes.MethodsA modified Delphi panel process (Geographic Atrophy Management Consensus) consisting of three total surveys and one virtual live meeting held between survey 2 and survey 3. Data were collected from July to October 2022. Participants included expert members of the eye care community that have demonstrated outstanding leadership among peers: a steering committee with three ECPs and a 15-member panel divided between five optometrists, five comprehensive ophthalmologists and five retina specialists. Consensus on statements related to the management of patients with GA was calculated using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.ResultsAt the conclusion of the third survey, consensus was reached on 91% of the 77 statements. Critical consensus topics include: (1) optical coherence tomography as the favoured method to diagnose and monitor GA, (2) preferred practice patterns regarding referral of patients to retina specialists and (3) treatment criteria given the advent of emerging therapeutics for GA.ConclusionsGenerating awareness of early signs of disease development, progression and identifying the best tools to evaluate GA establishes ideal management and referral strategies. Given the paradigm shift in GA management driven by approved therapies, coupled with the fact that the disease is progressive resulting in devastating vision loss, these strategies are critical to ensure best overall outcomes.
E-IMNCI: a novel clinical diagnostic support system approach to strengthen effectiveness and quality of IMNCI implementation in India
Authors: Alwadhi Vaishali , Bajpayee Devina , Kumar Nandan , Mohanty Jaya Swarup , Mukherji Kallol , Saboth Prasant Kumar , Sinha Ankita , Prasad Ajit , Kumar Harish 
Published: October 2023

Integrated management of childhood illness is a globally proven primary care strategy to improve child survival and is being implemented worldwide in countries with high burden of child mortality. Its implementation as Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) in India has been challenging.The primary objective of the present work was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and use of an adapted Integrated E Diagnostic Approach (IeDA) that provides e-Learning and improved clinical practices of the primary level health service provider auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) to deliver IMNCI services. This India-specific approach was contextualised to the Indian IMNCI programme based on 7 years of IeDA implementation learning from West Africa.The Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness pilot was implemented across 80 front-line workers, 70 ANMs and 10 medical officers) in 55 facilities of 3 blocks of Ranchi district, Jharkhand. This report evaluated the feasibility of its use by ANMs only. Based on the results, it can be concluded that it is possible to implement the newly developed application. A total of 2500 cases were managed by ANMs using the application till May 2020. All ANMs used it to provide treatment to the children. 63% of ANMs used it to provide medications, 83% for counselling and 71% for follow-up as per the recommendations. The app is highly acceptable to ANMs for use as a clinical case management tool for childhood illness. There were some improvements in case management in both the age group (0–59 days and 2–12 months) of children. 78% of caregivers responded with their desire to revisit the health facility in future, highlighting the contribution of an e-tool in improving the perception of the caregiver.
Feasibility of frailty screening among patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Lehto Hanna-Riikka , Jain Nelia , Bernacki Rachelle E , Landzberg Michael J , Desai Akshay S , Orkaby Ariela R 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundFrailty is common among patients with advanced heart failure (HF), and screening for frailty to guide care is recommended. Although multiple tools are available to screen for frailty, the feasibility of routinely incorporating frailty screening into daily clinical practice among hospitalised advanced HF patients has not been rigorously tested.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-centre, quality improvement study. Two brief frailty screening tools were incorporated into palliative care consultations for all patients ≥50 years from August 2021 to October 2022. In the first phase, the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was implemented, followed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture (SOF) tool or a modified SOF (mSOF) version in the second phase. The primary outcome was feasibility (%) of performing frailty screenings for this high-risk population.ResultsA total of 212 patients (mean age 69±10 years, 69% male, 79% white, 30% with ischaemic HF) were referred for palliative care consultation during the study period. Overall, frailty screens were completed in 86% (n=183) of patients. CFS and mSOF reached >80% of adoption, while SOF adoption was 54%. Altogether, 52% of the population screened frail by use of CFS and 52% also by mSOF. All clinicians (n=6) participating in the study reported that frailty screening tools were useful and acceptable, and 83% reported plans for continued utilisation in future clinical practice.ConclusionsFrailty screening with CFS or mSOF tools was feasible in hospitalised patients with advanced HF. Tools that require physical assessment were more challenging to implement. These data support the feasibility of incorporating questionnaire-based frailty screening in a busy hospital setting.
Temperature-related emergency injury visits in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Le Vu Thuy Huong , Berman Jesse D , Wattenberg Elizabeth V , Ngo Toan Van , Tran Quynh Anh , Alexander Bruce H 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThe short-term association between increasing temperatures and injury has been described in high-income countries, but less is known for low-income and-middle-income countries, including Vietnam.MethodsWe used emergency injury visits (EIV) data for 2017–2019 from 733 hospitals and clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam to examine the effects of daily temperature on EIV. Time-series analysis with quasi-Poisson models was used to estimate a linear relative risk increase (RRI) for overall populations and ones stratified by age and sex. Exposure–response curves estimated non-linear associations as an RR between daily temperature and injury. Models were adjusted for the day of week, holidays, daily relative humidity, daily particulate matter, and long-term and seasonal trends.Results and conclusionsA total of 39 313 EIV were recorded averaging 36 injuries daily. Injuries more likely occurred in males and those aged 15–44, and aged 44–60. For linear effects, a 5°C increase in same day mean temperature was associated with an overall increased EIV (RRI 4.8; 95% CI 2.3 to 7.3) with males (RRI 5.9; 95% CI 3.0 to 8.9) experiencing a greater effect than females (RRI 3.0; 95% CI −0.5 to 6.5). Non-linear effects showed an increase in EIV at higher temperatures compared with the threshold temperature of 15°C, with the greatest effect at 33°C (RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.6). Further research to investigate temperature-injury among different populations and by the cause of injury is warranted.
Seismicity and seismic monitoring of Canada’s volcanic zones
Authors: Cassidy John F. , Mulder Taimi L. 
Published: October 2023

Canada’s recently active volcanic zones (e.g., eruptions during the past 10 000 years) are all located along the tectonic plate boundary region of western Canada, extending for more than 2000 km from southern British Columbia to the Yukon/Alaska border. In this article, we describe the history of seismic monitoring in and near these volcanic zones and the past and current seismicity detection thresholds. The most recently active volcanoes in Canada are Tseax Cone (∼1700s) and Lava Fork (∼1800s), both in northwestern British Columbia. However, no eruptions have occurred in Canada since the deployment of the earliest seismographs in 1898 (Victoria, BC) and 1904 (Sitka, Alaska). Seismic detection levels have decreased from M∼7 in 1900 to M∼0–1 (in many regions) today, with more than 120 seismic stations currently operating in British Columbia and the Yukon, including ∼20 seismic stations within the volcanic zones. The most recent significant seismic activity attributed to volcanic zones in Canada is the 2007 Nazko Cone earthquake swarm when nearly 1000 tiny (M < 3) earthquakes occurred here over the span of about 2 months. These were all deep earthquakes (∼30 km) near the base of the crust and showed the patterns expected from an injection of magma deep into the crust. Prior to that, at the western end of the Anahim Volcanic Belt, more than 40 felt earthquakes occurred from 1940 to 1943. We provide a summary of these two swarms and other seismicity as well as some recent and ongoing studies into seismicity at some of Canada’s volcanic zones and new developments in seismic monitoring of volcanoes (including using distributed acoustic sensing).
Semileptonic decays $$B_{c}$$ meson to S-wave charmonia and X(3872) within the covariant light-front approach
Authors: Sun Zhi-Jie , Wang Si-Yang , Zhang Zhi-Qing , Yang You-Ya , Zhang Zi-Yu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the semileptonic decays of $$B_{c}$$

B
c

meson to $$\eta _{c}(1S,2S,3S)$$

η
c

(
1
S
,
2
S
,
3
S
)

, $$\psi (1S,2S,3S)$$

ψ
(
1
S
,
2
S
,
3
S
)

and X(3872) within the framework of covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM). We combine the helicity amplitudes via the corresponding form factors to obtain the branching ratios of the semileptonic decays $$B_{c}\rightarrow \eta _{c}(1S, 2S, 3S)\ell \nu _{\ell }$$

B
c

→

η
c

(
1
S
,
2
S
,
3
S
)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

, $$B_{c}\rightarrow \psi (1S, 2S, 3S))\ell \nu _{\ell }$$

B
c

→
ψ

(
1
S
,
2
S
,
3
S
)

)
ℓ

ν
ℓ

and $$B_{c}\rightarrow X(3872)\ell \nu _{\ell }$$

B
c

→
X

(
3872
)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

, with $$\ell =e,\mu ,\tau $$

ℓ
=
e
,
μ
,
τ

. In view of the $$R_{J/\Psi }$$

R

J
/
Ψ

anomaly released by the LHCb collaboration, it is necessary to systematically calculate the ratios $$R_X$$

R
X

with $$X=\psi (1S,2S,3S),\eta _c(1S,2S,3S),X(3872)$$

X
=
ψ

(
1
S
,
2
S
,
3
S
)

,

η
c

(
1
S
,
2
S
,
3
S
)

,
X

(
3872
)

, which are helpful for checking the lepton flavor universality (LFU). We also take into account another two physical observables, the longitudinal polarization fraction $$f_{L}$$

f
L

and the forward–backward asymmetry $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

, which can provide new clues for understanding the $$R_{J /\Psi }$$

R

J
/
Ψ

anomaly. Such theoretical predictions are necessary and interesting, and can be tested in future LHCb experiments.
Calculations of positron scattering from atomic oxygen
Authors: Mori N. A. , Scarlett L. H. , Bray I. , Fursa D. V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The single-center convergent close coupling (CCC) method has been applied to positron scattering from the oxygen atom. Cross sections have been calculated for total, elastic, momentum transfer, total ionization, inelastic, and excitation scattering processes from threshold to 5000 eV. Due to their relevance in transport studies, we also present stopping power and mean excitation energy results. Low-energy studies have been conducted to calculate scattering length, the hidden Ramsauer–Townsend minimum, and the energy of the positron virtual state. CCC-scaled complex optical potential calculations are utilized to calculate positronium-formation, direct ionization, and values between the positronium-formation and ionization thresholds. Good agreement is generally observed at high energies with past theory, electron-atomic oxygen experiment, and halved electron/positron O$$_2$$

2

experiment. Large discrepancies, however, have been found between current and previous calculations for positronium-formation cross section and for low-energy elastic scattering cross section.

Graphic Abstract
Rolling Element Bearing Fault Identification using Vibration Data
Authors: Prawin J. 
Published: October 2023

Early fault detection and diagnosis of rolling element bearing is of paramount importance in wind turbines as it contributes to around 70% of gearbox and 21%–70% of generator failure. When a rolling element bearing strikes a local fault in the inner or outer race, a shock (high frequency) is introduced, and repetitive impact occurs due to continuous rotation. Extracting the fault-sensitive repetitive impact frequency component from the measured signal containing multiple frequencies (discrete gear and shaft frequency, bearing fault frequency and high-frequency noise) is challenging. This paper presents two vibration techniques based on enhanced envelope analysis and blind deconvolution technique for bearing fault identification. The improved envelope analysis diagnosis bearing faults using the three-step process of removing gear and shaft frequency components by auto-regression model, followed by spectral kurtosis to extract fault-sensitive features and envelope analysis to identify bearing faults. On the contrary, the enhanced blind deconvolution extracts the fault-sensitive component by finding the best inverse finite impulse response filter from the measured vibration signal by adaptively demodulating resonance bands due to repetitive impact and reducing the periodic noise component in a single step. The application of the two bearing fault diagnosis techniques and their comparative study has been demonstrated through numerical simulations and two industrial testrig bearing benchmark datasets. Investigations concluded that both methods extract the transient impulse features due to bearing fault; however, the enhanced blind deconvolution technique outperforms the envelope analysis in the case of measured vibration signal with outliers.