bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination against pseudorabies with glycoprotein gI+ or glycoprotein gI− vaccine
Authors: Vandeputte J. , Chappuis G. , Fargeaud D. , Précausta P. , Guillemin F. , Brun A. , Desmettre Ph. , Stellmann C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Subunit pseudorabies vaccines that contained only purified glycoproteins of either of 2 strains of pseudorabies virus (prv) were prepared and subsequently tested for safety and efficacy. The strains of virus used for vaccine production differed in at least 2 properties. One strain (Kojnok) was virulent for pigs and was believed to code for the entire complement of viral glycoproteins. The other (Kaplan) was a deletion mutant that was unable to code for structural viral glycoproteins gI and gp63. Purified glycoproteins were dispersed in an oil-in-water emulsion and were administered im to pigs.
Both vaccines were found to be safe and effective immunogens. Neither caused any local or general reactions, as verified by examination of the injection site (local safety) and by vaccination of pregnant sows in prv-infected and noninfected herds.
Sows vaccinated with the gI+ or gI- vaccine protected their pigs at levels of 93 and 92%, respectively, against a severe challenge exposure that killed 98% of pigs born from nonvaccinated sows. Vaccinated pigs were tested for active immunity by intranasal challenge exposure with the NIA 3 strain. Protection was quantitated by measuring the relative daily weight difference, expressed in percent per day, between vaccinated and control pigs during the first week after challenge exposure (ΔG7); the estimated differences were 2.25 and 2.13% for gI+ and gI− vaccines, respectively.
The absence of gI and gp63 did not affect the efficacy of this type of subunit glycoprotein vaccines. In pigs that were challenge-exposed intranasally 3 months after 1 injection with the gI− vaccine, the duration of viral excretion was highly reduced, compared with that in control pigs.
Evaluation of biochemical evidence of congenital nutritional myopathy in two-week prepartum fetuses from selenium-deficient ewes
Authors: Hamliri Ahmed , Olson William G. , Johnson Donald W. , Kessabi Mimoun 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Muscle damage attributable to selenium (Se)/vitamin E deficiencies is known to develop at birth or later in lambs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and when muscle damage develops in utero. Thirty pregnant ewes maintained on Se-deficient forages from birth were allotted to 3 equal groups. Half of each group was given a single im injection of 0.056 mg of Se/kg of body weight, 1 month before parturition. At 3 weeks before parturition, cesarean section-derived fetuses from Se-deficient ewes did not have evidence of muscle damage. At 2 weeks before parturition, fetuses from Se-deficient ewes had biochemical evidence of congenital nutritional myopathy, as evidenced by low blood Se concentration (P < 0.05) and by increased plasma creatine kinase (P < 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.01) activities, compared with fetuses from Se-treated ewes. Thus, for optimal protection of fetuses and newborn lambs in Se-deficient areas, Se should be administered to ewes at least 1 month before parturition.
Evaluation of the prognostic value of positive-contrast shoulder arthrography for bilateral osteochondrosis lesions in dogs
Authors: van Bree H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
To investigate whether arthrographic findings had any prognostic value with respect to treatment and outcome of bilateral osteochondrosis, shoulder arthrograms (n = 80) from 40 dogs with bilateral lesions were evaluated. Arthrography was performed, using 1.5 to 4 ml of a 25% solution of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate, with admixture of 0.2 mg of epinephrine. A shoulder with signs of pain and lameness was surgically treated. The contralateral shoulder was treated conservatively, and the final outcome was compared with the arthrographic findings. In 37 dogs, signs of lameness and pain were associated with a loose cartilage flap and, in 3, with a detached cartilage flap. In 2 dogs, admitted with bilateral lameness, a loose cartilage flap was detected in both shoulders. Of 12 dogs with a detectable loose cartilage flap in the contralateral shoulder joint, 6 became lame 2 to 4 months after initial surgical intervention and needed bilateral surgery. In the contralateral joint, development of thick articular cartilage over the subchondral defect or a detached cartilage flap lodged in the caudal pouch of the shoulder joint was a favorable prognostic sign. Such dogs had no signs of lameness on the contralateral side during a follow-up period that ranged from 1 to 7 years.
Effects of flunixin and flunixin plus prednisone on the gastrointestinal tract of dogs
Authors: Dow Steven W. , Rosychuk Rodney A. W. , McChesney Alexander E. , Curtis Charles R. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Flunixin meglumine has been reported to induce gastrointestinal lesions in dogs when administered at therapeutic dosages. We administered flunixin meglumine to dogs daily for 10 days to assess the effect of this drug on the gastrointestinal tract. We also evaluated the possibility of corticosteroid potentiation of gastrointestinal toxicosis by concurrent administration of prednisone to 1 group of dogs. Dogs were monitored for gastrointestinal toxicosis by means of serial endoscopic evaluation, measurement of fecal occult blood, pcv, and total solid concentration, and by physical examination. There were 3 treatment groups of 5 dogs each. Group-1 dogs were given 2.2 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg daily, in 2 divided doses im; group-2 dogs were given 4.4 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg daily, in 2 divided doses im; and group-3 dogs were given 2.2 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg daily, in 2 divided doses im plus 1.1 mg of prednisone/kg/d orally, in 2 divided doses. A fourth group of 5 dogs served as a control group.
Endoscopically visible gastric mucosal lesions developed in all treated dogs within 4 days of initiating treatment. Lesions first developed in the gastric pylorus and antrum and lesions at these sites were more severe than those observed elsewhere. Dogs treated with flunixin meglumine plus prednisone developed the earliest and most severe lesions; lesion scores in group-2 dogs were higher than those in group-1 dogs. All dogs treated had occult blood in their feces by day 5 and its presence appeared to correlate more closely with endoscopic findings than did physical examination findings or changes in values for pcv or total solids.
Deep ulcers were observed in the pylorus of most treated dogs examined at necropsy on day 10. Shallow ulcers and erosions were in the small intestine of group-2 and -3 dogs. Capillary microthrombi, associated with lesions of coagulative necrosis of superficial epithelium, were found in the colonic and small intestinal mucosa of several dogs in groups 2 and 3, and were suggestive of vascular injury.
From results of this study, it was concluded that flunixin meglumine, administered at therapeutic doses, induced early gastric mucosal injury in dogs and that concurrent administration of prednisone may have exacerbated the gastrointestinal injury induced by flunixin alone. Endoscopic evaluation and measurement of fecal occult blood appeared to be more sensitive than other methods evaluated for detection of gastrointestinal injury.
Morphologic features of lymph vessels in caprine hemal nodes
Authors: Ezeasor Daniel N. , Singh Amreek 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The distribution and characteristics of lymph vessels in caprine hemal nodes were studied after glutaraldehyde fixation and epoxy resin embedding. Histologically, the lymph vessels were characterized by thin walls and wide lumens containing inspissated lymph in which a few cells were suspended. The lymph vessels contrasted sharply with adjacent blood sinuses that were filled with elements of circulating blood. A circumferential lymph vessel in the cortex joined radial branches in the medulla that met at the hilum to drain through a large efferent lymph channel. Ultrastructurally, the lymph vessel wall comprised endothelial cells supported by a continuous basal lamina, collagen fibrils, and adventitial reticular cells. The cytoplasm of endothelial cells had fenestrations, plasmalemma-associated vesicles, vacuoles, and focal splits that enclosed large compartments. Many compartments contained erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Modifications of the endothelial cells signified their endowment with features that favored transendothelial transport. The distribution of lymph vessels and the finding of only efferent lymph channels are related to the roles of hemal nodes in blood storage by hemoconcentration and in immune defense mechanisms.
Immunodominant proteins of Sarcocystis cruzi bradyzoites isolated from cattle affected or nonaffected with eosinophilic myositis
Authors: Granstrom D. E. , Ridley R. K. , Baoan Y. , Gershwin L. J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Sarcocystis cruzi sarcocysts were isolated from eosinophilic myositis (em)-affected and nonaffected bovine hearts. Isolates were ruptured and used to prepare a bradyzoite antigen extract from each heart. The nonaffected heart from one newborn calf contained no apparent sarcocysts when examined histologically and was used to prepare Sarcocystis-negative control antigen. Blood samples were taken from the heart approximately 20 minutes after slaughter. Serum was obtained and evaluated, using a radioimmunoassay to measure Sarcocystis-specific IgG and IgE titers. Sarcocystis cruzi extract from a heart without em lesions was used for antigen in the radioimmunoassay. Sarcocystis-specific IgG titer ranged between 1:1,280 and 1:2, 560 in em-affected cattle and was 1:640 in nonaffected cattle. Sarcocystis-specific IgE titer ranged between 1:640 and 1:1,280 in em-affected and nonaffected cattle.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein (western) immunoblot analysis were used to compare antigen extracts and serum samples from em-affected vs nonaffected cattle. Twenty protein bands, ranging from approximately 22 to 215 kD, were detected consistently on bradyzoite blots probed with anti-bovine IgG after incubation with serum samples. Seven of these bands, 37, 44, 53, 57, 94, 113, and 215 kD, were also detected consistently on bradyzoite blots probed with monoclonal anti-bovine IgE. One additional band, 61 kD, was detected consistently on bradyzoite blots probed for IgE, but was seldom recognized when probed for IgG. Sixteen protein bands were evident in silver-stained gels of S cruzi-negative, newborn calf antigen, but none were recognized by antisera on western blots. Consistent differences were not found among antigen extracts or among serum from em-affected vs nonaffected cattle on silver-stained gels or western blots.
New marine calicivirus serotype infective for swine
Authors: Berry E. S. , Skilling D. E. , Barlough J. E. , Vedros N. A. , Gage L. J. , Smith A. W. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A new serotype of calicivirus was isolated from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with severe vesicular disease. Neutralizing antibodies were found in 27 of 82 (32.9%) serum samples from California sea lions and in 15 of 146 (10.3%) serum samples from Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) tested. The seropositive animals were widely dispersed along the margins of the eastern Pacific basin, from the Bering Sea to the Santa Barbara Channel. Seropositive samples were found from as early as 1976 through the present time. This new calicivirus serotype, San Miguel sea lion virus type 13, was inoculated into weaned pigs, resulting in induction of severe vesicular disease, which spread to all pigs, including uninoculated pen contacts. Virus was continually shed by most of the pigs throughout the 2-week duration of the experiment.
Effects of standard and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus on infections of chickens
Authors: Craft David W. , Brown John , Lukert Phil D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
T-cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were measured in chickens infected with standard and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus. One-day-old and 3-week-old chickens were infected with these viruses and then given sheep rbc, killed Brucella abortus strain 19, and Newcastle disease virus. Appropriate serologic tests were used to monitor the primary and secondary responses to the antigens. Lymphoblast transformation assays were performed weekly. The response to the infectious bursal disease virus was determined by virus neutralization tests, microscopic examination of bursas, and bursal to body weight ratios. One-day-old chickens had T-cell-mediated and humoral immune suppression with both strains of virus, compared with controls. The lymphoblast transformation responses indicated that the variant strain was significantly (P < 0.05) more suppressive than the standard strain. Three-week-old chickens had humoral immune suppression with the standard strain, but not with the variant strain. The lymphoblast transformation response was transiently suppressed at this age by the variant strain only. During the first week of infection, 1-day-old and 3-week-old chickens had lower neutralizing antibody titers to the variant strain than to the standard strain.
Immunoturbidimetric quantification of serum immunoglobulin G concentration in foals
Authors: Bauer John E. , Brooks Timothy P. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Immunoturbidimetric determination of serum IgG concentration in foals was compared with the reference methods of single radial immunodiffusion and serum protein electrophoresis. High positive correlations were discovered when the technique was compared with either of these reference methods. The zinc sulfate turbidity test for serum IgG estimation was also evaluated. Although a positive correlation was discovered when the latter method was compared with reference methods, it was not as strong as the correlation between reference methods and the immunoturbidimetric method.
The immunoturbidimetric method used in this study is specific and precise for equine serum IgG determination. It is rapid and, thus, is advantageous when timely evaluation of critically ill foals is necessary. The technique should be adaptable to various spectrophotometers and microcomputers for widespread application in veterinary medicine.
Preliminary study of laryngeal sacculectomy in horses, using a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser technique
Authors: Shires G. M. H. , Adair H. S. , Patton C. S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In an attempt to ablate the laryngeal saccule as an alternative method of sacculectomy (conventially done through a laryngotomy incision for laryngeal hemiplegia) a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser was used transendoscopically in noncontact fashion in 6 horses. The procedure was easy, quick, and labor-saving, with few complications.
Endoscopically, the lased sacculectomy site appeared healed at postsurgical day 42. On postsurgical day 42, microscopic examination revealed mucosal remnants under the granulation bed. Laser energy caused thermal damage to tissues adjacent to the lased saccule. Additional work must be done to refine the technique before it can be recommended for clinical applications.
Elimination of salicylic acid in goats and cattle
Authors: Short Charles R. , Hsieh Lily C. , Malbrough Marsha S. , Barker Steven A. , Neff-Davis Carol A. , Davis Lloyd E. , Koritz Gary , Bevill Richard F. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Sodium salicylate was administered to cattle and goats iv and po according to a crossover design. Total urinary excretion of sa and its metabolites was measured for 3 days after dosing. Salicyluric acid (sua) was the only metabolite detected in urine of either species. Recovery of sodium salicylate and sua in goats amounted to 67.9 and 34.6% of the dose, respectively, after iv administration. After oral dosing, total recoveries were 30.2% (sodium salicylate) and 71.7%(sua) of dose. By comparison, cattle excreted significantly (P < 0.05) less sodium salicylate (54.0%) and more sua (49.9%) after iv dosing. The same pattern was observed after oral administration, wherein cattle excreted < 12% as sodium salicylate and more than 99% as sua. In both species, almost 90% of the drug excreted as sodium salicylate was found in urine within the first 12 hours after an iv dose and within 24 hours after oral dosing. The excretion of sua was somewhat slower in both species, especially after oral administration. The data suggested that there were only quantitative differences in the metabolism and elimination of sodium salicylate between the 2 species, with cattle excreting a higher proportion of the drug as the glycine conjugate sua.
Factors associated with the development of equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
Authors: Dill Stephen G. , Correa Maria T. , Erb Hollis N. , deLahunta Alexander , Kallfelz Francis A. , Waldron Cynthia 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A case-control study was done to identify factors associated with the development of equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (edm). Questionnaires were mailed to the owners of 146 horses admitted to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine between November 1978 and June 1987 and diagnosed as having edm by histologic examination. Questionnaires also were sent to owners of 402 clinically normal horses admitted to the college during the same period. Data were compared between the edm-affected and control groups (56 and 179 questionnaires returned, respectively). Risk factors identified included the use of insecticide applied to foals, exposure of foals to wood preservatives, and foals frequently spending time on dirt lots while outside. Foals spending time outside on green pastures was a protective factor. Foals from dams that had had an edm-affected foal were at higher risk of developing edm than were foals from other dams.
Effect of antimicrobial solution lavage on the palmar digital tendon sheath in horses
Authors: Baird A. N. , Scruggs Daniel W. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Taylor Tex S. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Sixteen horses were allotted to 4 groups of 4 horses each to evaluate the effect of tendon sheath lavage with 4 solutions (balanced electrolyte solution, 0.1% povidone-iodine, 0.5% povidone-iodine, and 0.5% chlorhexidine). The synovitis caused by 0.1% povidone-iodine lavage was not appreciably worse than that caused by balanced electrolyte solution lavage, but the 0.5% povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine lavages caused severe synovitis, and, therefore, should not be used for tendon sheath lavage.
Visual-evoked potentials and electroretinograms in ruminants with thiamine-responsive polioencephalomalacia or suspected listeriosis
Authors: Strain George M. , Claxton Marjorie S. , Olcott Bruce M. , Turnquist Susan E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Electrodiagnostic visual testing (electroretinogram [erg] and visual-evoked potential [vep]) was performed on 5 ruminants (3 lambs, 1 kid, and 1 steer) with thiamine-responsive polioencephalomalacia (pem) and on 2 sheep with listeriosis. The lambs and kid had typical clinical signs of pem, especially blindness. In these animals, the erg was normal but the vep was abnormal. Follow-up recordings in the kid and 1 lamb indicated an improvement in vep recordings accompanying a gradual return of vision after thiamine treatment. Possible subtle changes in vep peak latencies could not be assessed because of lack of normative vep data for sheep and goats. All animals had complete return of vision (owner-assessed). The steer did not have signs of blindness, and the erg and vep were normal. Changes in vep accompanying permanent pem blindness are not known.
One sheep with suspected listeriosis had lack of menace response and palpebral and corneal reflexes, but had intact vision. The erg and vep were normal. The second sheep with suspected listeriosis had intact menace response and vision, but became acutely blind and died; the ERG was normal, but vep amplitudes were depressed.
Use of the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with isolated Anaplasma marginale initial bodies for serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle
Authors: Montenegro-James S. , Guillen A. T. , Ma S. -J. , Tapang P. , Abdel-Gawad A. , Toro M. , Ristic M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Isolated Anaplasma marginale initial bodies were successfully used in a dot elisa for rapid detection of antibodies to Anaplasma organisms. The enzyme immunoassay used only 25 ng of antigen dotted onto nitrocellulose disks. Antigen-antibody complexes were detected by use of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated protein A, and reactions were read visually after addition of a precipitable, chromogenic substrate. The test allowed the processing of multiple sera, either for screening or for titer determination, in < 3 hours and was found to be as sensitive as the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The overall performance of the dot elisa, using isolated A marginale initial bodies, for 580 bovine serum samples was as follows: sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 96%; and predictive value, 95%. Cross-reactivity was not observed with sera positive to Babesia bovis and B bigemina, Trypanosoma vivax, or common bacteria or viruses infecting cattle. The antigen dotted onto nitrocellulose disks was stable when stored at -20, 4, or 25 C. Compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the dot ELISA allowed easier, faster, and more objective interpretation of results. Its simplicity and low cost combined with high sensitivity and specificity indicate that this assay could effectively replace serologic assays currently used for diagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle.
Physiologic and body composition changes in feeder pigs under simulated marketing conditions
Authors: Becker B. Ann 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Two experiments were conducted to determine changes in body composition and various physiologic variables in feeder pigs under simulated marketing conditions. In the first experiment, pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups for 48 hours: (1) no water and feed; (2) water ad libitum, no feed; (3) no water, feed ad libitum; or (4) water and feed ad libitum. During a 48-hour recovery period, all pigs were allowed feed and water ad libitum. Plasma triiodothyronine decreased (P < 0.01) within the first 24 hours in groups-1 and -2 pigs, but increased (P < 0.01) within the first 6 hours of the recovery period. The circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol was disrupted in groups- 1 and -3 pigs and during recovery in group-1 pigs. Packed cell volume increased (P < 0.05) in groups-1 and -3 pigs and returned to initial values within the first 24 hours of the recovery period. In the second experiment, body composition was estimated by the 40K technique for fat free body mass, percentage of nitrogen, and percentage of fat. Body composition was determined before and after pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 groups for 48 hours: group-1 pigs were given feed and water ad libitum and group-2 pigs were not given feed and water. Group-1 pigs gained 2.2 kg of body weight (P < 0.01), 0.6% fat (P < 0.01), 0.7 kg of fat-free body mass, and 0.02% nitrogen (P > 0.01). Group-2 pigs lost 2.3 kg of body weight (P < 0.01), 0.6% fat (P < 0.01), 2.0 kg of fat-free body mass (P < 0.01), and 0% nitrogen.