bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A century on diameter measurement techniques in cylindrical structures
Authors: Cardoso Victor H R , Caldas Paulo , Giraldi Maria Thereza Rocco , Cernadas Maria Luiza , Fernandes Cindy S , Frazão Orlando , Costa João C W A , Santos José Luís 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This work addresses the historical development of techniques and methodologies oriented to the measurement of the internal diameter of transparent tubes since the original contributions of Anderson and Barr published in 1923 in the first issue of Measurement Science and Technology. The progresses on this field are summarized and highlighted the emergence and significance of the measurement approaches supported by the optical fiber.
Unitarization of pseudo-unitary quantum circuits in the S-matrix framework
Authors: Lima Dennis , Al-Kuwari Saif 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pseudo-unitary circuits are recurring in both S-matrix theory and analysis of No-Go theorems. We propose a matrix and diagrammatic representation for the operation that maps S-matrices to T-matrices and, consequently, a unitary group to a pseudo-unitary one. We call this operation ‘partial inversion’ and show its diagrammatic representation in terms of permutations. We find the expressions for the deformed metrics and deformed dot products that preserve physical constraints after partial inversion. Subsequently, we define a special set that allows for the simplification of expressions containing infinities in matrix inversion. Finally, we propose a renormalized-growth algorithm for the T-matrix as a possible application. The outcomes of our study expand the methodological toolbox needed to build a family of pseudo-unitary and inter-pseudo-unitary circuits with full diagrammatic representation in three dimensions, so that they can be used to exploit pseudo-unitary flexibilization of unitary No-Go theorems and renormalized circuits of large scattering lattices.
Nonequilibrium spinor exciton-polariton condensates in a magnetic field
Authors: Chen Ting-Wei , Cheng Szu-Cheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A complete-nonequilibrium model is proposed to investigate spinor exciton-polariton condensates (SEPCs) in a magnetic field. Due to the Zeeman splitting (ZS), the loss rates of two spin components in a magnetic field are distinct and affected by the magnetic field. Therefore, the individual spin component of a SEPC has its own threshold pump power. We investigate the ZS and degree of circular polarization of the SEPC as a function of the excitation power and magnetic field. Above both spin-dependent threshold pump powers, we find an increasing degree of circular polarization with the magnetic field and a quenching of the ZS below a critical strength of the magnetic field. The ZS of a SEPC shows a reverse sign and its magnitude is increasing significantly compared to the uncondensed exciton-polartion ZS. The effect of a magnetic field on excitation spectra of SEPCs are also investigated. We find that the excitation dispersions are Bogoliubov excitations if the pump power is low. The nonequilibrium fluctuations in a SEPC are reduced when a magnetic field is applied.
Temperature evolution of transverse magnetoresistance due to forming the topological insulator state in single-crystalline n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3
Authors: Ivanov O , Yaprintsev M , Yaprintseva E , Nickulicheva T , Vasil’ev A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Specific features in magnetotransport properties due to gradual forming the topological insulator state in sample of single-crystalline n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 during its cooling were analyzed. The electrical resistivity of sample, measured from 2 K to 240 K, corresponds to partially degenerate semiconductor and dominantly depends on T-effect on electron mobility. The moblity is governed by electron–phonon scattering above T

C
= 50 K, whereas below T

C
electron–electron scattering is dominant scattering mechanism. With increasing temperature, electron content linearly increases above T

C
, whereas below T

C
electron content is very weakly T-dependent. Transverse magnetoresistance of sample is positive and strongly T-dependent. Two features, which are characteristic for topological insulators, were found in the magnetoresistance. First feature is a crossover from quadratic to linear magnetoresistance, observed within T

C
< T < 240 K range. Crossover field B

C
decreases with decreasing temperature. Linear magnetoresistace is quantum one that can be due to presence of Dirac fermions, which occupy the lowest Landau level under magnetic field. Second feature is another crossover from combined quadratic-linear to dip-shaped magnetoresistrance, observed at T ≤ T

C
. Dip-shaped magnetoresistrance is related to weak antilocalization (WAL) phenomenon. The WAL phenomenon and the electron–electron scattering process coexist at the same temperature range. Dip-shaped magnetoresistrance was analysed by in frames of the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model, developed for systems with strong spin–orbit coupling. At cooling below ∼ 30 K, the effective dephasing length rapidly increases that is dominantly related to the electron–electron scattering process, too. The parameter α, characterizing the number of conduction channels, contributing to electron transport, is close to 0.5. This value α corresponds to a single topologically non-trivial conduction channel.
Evolution of multi-solitons and interaction behaviors of lump to a (2+1) dimensional generalized shallow water wave model
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ming , Wei Tan , Huang Jing-Jie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the trajectory equations of 1-lump before and after collision with high-order solitons and the degradation of some novel breather waves are studied in the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation(gCBS). Firstly, we derive N-solitons for the gCBS equation by the Hirota bilinear form. With the help of N-solitons, we obtain M-lump as well as high-order breather based on the long-wave limit technique and the parametric conjugate method. Secondly, we construct many hybrid waves, such as the hybrid wave between breather and lump. Thirdly, the interaction phenomenon of lump-N-solitons(N → ∞) is investigated, and the theory of its existence is given and proved. Besides, the different degeneracies of double and single breather are discussed. Finally, we also present a large number of two-dimensional and three-dimensional images to better illustrate these nonlinear evolutionary behaviors.
Radiation shielding effectiveness, structural, and mechanical properties of HDPE/B4C composites reinforced with Fe2O3-Al2O3-Al-Fe fillers
Authors: Reda A M , Ahmed R M , Alsawah M A , El-Sabbagh Salwa H , El Abd A , Kansouh W A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The fast neutron and gamma-ray attenuation properties of pure high-density polyethylene and its composites were investigated, including 90 HDPE/10 B4C (wt%) and 60 HDPE/10 B4C/30X (wt%) (Where X represents iron oxide, aluminum oxide, iron, and aluminum). The examined samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, and their mechanical properties were assessed. The composite of 60 HDPE/10 B4C/30 α-Fe2O3 (wt%) shows better mechanical properties than those of other composites under investigation. 239Pu–Be was used as a source of fast neutrons with a neutron yield of 1.7 × 106 n s−1 and was detected by the Stilbene scintillator. Neutron removal cross-section with dependent parameters, the mean free path and half-value layer of the prepared composites, were calculated. Furthermore, the gamma-ray transmission through the produced composites has been examined. The composite containing 30% iron oxide exhibited superior shielding characteristics for neutrons and gamma rays compared to the other analyzed samples. The computed values of the shielding characteristics indicate that the produced composites are highly effective for shielding fast neutrons and gamma rays in radiation facilities.
Study on the spectra of Tieguanyin tea and ash by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Li Jingwen , Yao Lixing , Shen Li , Wang Cong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tea ash is the inorganic residue of tea after a series of chemical and physical reactions under high temperature environment. The compositions of tea and ash are very different. In addition, the compositions of ash are closely related to the quality of tea. In this work, the compositions of Tieguanyin tea and ash were analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the differences of elements in tea and ash were analyzed qualitatively. Tea contains the main elements, such as Ca, Na, Mg, and K, trace elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Sr, and other metallic elements Al, Li and Ba. Comparing the atomic and ionic lines in LIBS spectra of tea and ash, it was found that the spectral line intensities of metallic elements, i.e. Ca, Al, Mn, Mg, K, Na, Li, in the ash were significantly enhanced. In addition, there were CN, C2 and CaO molecular lines in the LIBS spectra of tea, but only CaO free radical was detected in the LIBS spectra of ash. The reason of the differences between the molecular lines of LIBS spectra of tea and ash was analyzed. This work is to determine the material compositions of tea and ash, which provides a basic foundation for the quality judgment of tea and a new idea for the enrichment detection of metallic elements.
Spatially varying optical characteristics in quantum-dot molecules through interdot tunneling
Authors: Saleh R O , Mohammed M S , Askar S , Darwish N S A , Kadhum W R , Shaghnab M L , Ibrahim A A , Kumar A , Elawady A , Omran A A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spatially dependent absorption characteristics in structurally asymmetric quantum-dot molecules (QDMs), characterized by four energy levels interacting with position-dependent beams and varying system parameters. We explore the effects of detuning, standing wave intensity, and the relative phase of applied fields on the absorption patterns within the medium. A diverse array of patterns emerges, including cross-like structures, ring-like formations, and localized absorption maxima, illustrating the intricate interplay between these parameters and the spatial distribution of absorption features. The introduction of a vortex-shaped control field adds a new dimension to the study, revealing azimuthal dependence and providing a novel perspective for manipulating absorption and gain properties based on the orbital angular momentum of the control field. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics governing spatially dependent absorption in QDMs, offering valuable insights for controlled manipulation and practical applications in quantum systems.
Personalized motor imagery prediction model based on individual difference of ERP
Authors: Deng Haodong , Li Mengfan , Zuo Haoxin , Zhou Huihui , Qi Enming , Wu Xue , Xu Guizhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Motor imagery-based brain–computer interaction (MI-BCI) is a novel method of achieving human and external environment interaction that can assist individuals with motor disorders to rehabilitate. However, individual differences limit the utility of the MI-BCI. In this study, a personalized MI prediction model based on the individual difference of event-related potential (ERP) is proposed to solve the MI individual difference. Approach. A novel paradigm named action observation-based multi-delayed matching posture task evokes ERP during a delayed matching posture task phase by retrieving picture stimuli and videos, and generates MI electroencephalogram through action observation and autonomous imagery in an action observation-based motor imagery phase. Based on the correlation between the ERP and MI, a logistic regression-based personalized MI prediction model is built to predict each individual’s suitable MI action. 32 subjects conducted the MI task with or without the help of the prediction model to select the MI action. Then classification accuracy of the MI task is used to evaluate the proposed model and three traditional MI methods. Main results. The personalized MI prediction model successfully predicts suitable action among 3 sets of daily actions. Under suitable MI action, the individual’s ERP amplitude and event-related desynchronization (ERD) intensity are the largest, which helps to improve the accuracy by 14.25%. Significance. The personalized MI prediction model that uses the temporal ERP features to predict the classification accuracy of MI is feasible for improving the individual’s MI-BCI performance, providing a new personalized solution for the individual difference and practical BCI application.
Wigner transport in linear electromagnetic fields
Authors: Etl C , Ballicchia M , Nedjalkov M , Weinbub J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Applying a Weyl–Stratonovich transform to the evolution equation of the Wigner function in an electromagnetic field yields a multidimensional gauge-invariant equation which is numerically very challenging to solve. In this work, we apply simplifying assumptions for linear electromagnetic fields and the evolution of an electron in a plane (two-dimensional transport), which reduces the complexity and enables to gain first experiences with a gauge-invariant Wigner equation. We present an equation analysis and show that a finite difference approach for solving the high-order derivatives allows for reformulation into a Fredholm integral equation. The resolvent expansion of the latter contains consecutive integrals, which is favorable for Monte Carlo solution approaches. To that end, we present two stochastic (Monte Carlo) algorithms that evaluate averages of generic physical quantities or directly the Wigner function. The algorithms give rise to a quantum particle model, which interprets quantum transport in heuristic terms.
Arabica coffee yields at various harvest seasons and altitudes in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh
Authors: Hanan A , Anhar A , Abubakar Y , Karim A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Arabica coffee yields in the Gayo Highlands, Aceh, are limited by altitude. Areas suitable for coffee are an altitude of 1000-1600 m asl. Climate changes, especially rising temperatures, result in vulnerability to Arabica coffee yields. This study aims to study coffee yields at various locations based on altitudes and harvest seasons. This study used a split-plot design, with 3 replications. The main plot is two season harvests (S) (March-June Harvest and September-December Harvest), and the sub-plot is six locations based on altitudes in Bener Meriah (BM) and in Aceh Tengah (AT), i.e.: BM>1000-1200 m asl, BM>1200-1400 m asl, BM >1400-1600 m asl, AT>1000-1200 m asl, AT>1200-1400 m asl, and AT >1400-1600 m asl. The season harvests did not affect all coffee yield parameters. Altitudes significantly affected the average number of coffee cherries/plant, the average weight of 100 dry coffee beans, and the average weight of dry coffee beans/plant but did not affect the average weight of coffee cherries/plant. The combination of harvest seasons and altitudes (locations) shows that in the March-June harvest season, location BM>1200-1400 m asl results in a better average weight of 100 dry coffee beans than September-December harvest season, while in AT>1200-1400 m asl is the other way around.
A study on the physicochemical characteristics of popular cooking oils in Cambodia
Authors: Say M , Kong S , Nat Y , Tan C P , Tan R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cooking oils tend to deteriorate in quality through oxidation reactions and microbial degradation, causing nutritional loss, consumer unacceptability, health risks such as cancer and inflammation. This study aims to assess the quality of five popular cooking oils sold in Cambodia, including two sunflower oils, two soybean oils, and a refined palm olein cooking oil. All the samples were collected from supermarkets in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), and anisidine value (AnV) of the cooking oils ranged from 1.93 to 5.68 meq O2/kg oil, 0.11 to 0.26 mg KOH/g, and 28.71 to 62.49, respectively. The iodine value (IV) of soybean oil, sunflower oil, and refined palm olein oil is 121.53 to 125.91 g I2/100g, 127.39 to 128.89 g I2/100g, and 68.61 g I2/100g, respectively. The colour of the oils was presented as L, a, and b*, which ranged from 32.64 to 34.42, -1.48 to -0.34, and 1.50 to 5.25, respectively. The PV and AV of the cooking oils are within the acceptable range of the FAO’s Codex Alimentarius Standards which is 10 meq O2/kg and 0.6 mg KOH/g, respectively. According to the research findings, the popular cooking oils sold in Cambodia are in good quality for consumption.
Effectiveness of inoculation types and dosages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of perintis chili variety (Capsisum annum L.) on entisol soil
Authors: Safira C N , Helmi H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research aims to optimize the growth of a variety chili plants, so called perintis, as Aceh’s superior local chili variety, most of which are cultivated on entisol soil types. Entisol soil has low nutrient content and bound P elements which are difficult for plant roots to absorb. In this case, the symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with the roots of chili plants is attempted. This research used a 3x3 factorial randomized block design with factors including the type and dose of mycorrhiza. The results showed that the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) type Gigaspora sp at a dose of 10 g−1 plant showed a significant interaction on chili plant height 35 DAP, while mixed mycorrhizal types between Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp at a dose of 10 g−1 show significant interaction on chili plant height 50 HST. The mycorrhizal type Glomus mosseae was the best in terms of colonizing the roots of perintis variants of chili plants.
Classification of Rice Growth Phases Using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm in the Irrigation area of Seulimeum Sub District, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Maesa S F , Basri H , Sugianto S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food commodity for most of Indonesia’s population. The existence of irrigation areas dramatically affects the water demand in each phase of rice growth. Due to a lack of remote sensing knowledge, classifying the rice growth phase is done manually. This study aims to classify rice growth phases using the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm in the irrigation area of the Seulimuem Sub-District. This research uses Google Earth satellite imagery in November 2021 through three stages: multi-resolution segmentation, guided classification, and accuracy testing. The results showed that the paddy and non-paddy fields are 1,425.56 ha and 6,581.70 ha, respectively. The classification results of rice plant growth phases consist of 4 phases, namely the inundation phase, the vegetative phase, the generative phase, and the fallow phase. Based on the accuracy assessment results in November 2021, the overall accuracy ranged from 90.65% to 92.92%, with a kappa index value of 0.85 to 0.87, categorizing it as “almost perfect.”
The effect of seed treatment using plant growth promoter rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the germination process of chili (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Sari RN , Hafsah S , Hidayat T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chili is one of the leading horticultural commodities that has high economic value and still requires serious handling, especially in increase production both in quality and quantity.The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala Darussalam University, Banda Aceh. The research was conducted from April 2023 to June 2023.The design used in this study was a 7 x 2 Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications, so there were 14 treatment combinations and 42 experimental units, each treatment consisting of 3 plants so that 126 plants were obtained. The results showed that the effect of rhizobacterial treatment on the germination process had a significantly increased effect on maximum growth potential, germination, vigor index and growth simultaneity compared to no treatment (control). Almost all rhizobacteria can increase the rate of seed germination. At the variable maximum growth potential, germination capacity, vigor index and growth simultaneity, there are two isolates that have the potential to be candidates for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria agents (PGPR) and these isolates, namely AD 7/1 and LABA F1 varieties significantly provide an increase in seed vigor and viability.
Physicochemical Analysis Using Gas Chromatogrphy Mass Spectrophotometer (GCMS) on the Quality of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
Authors: Itawani  , Hayati R , Munawar AA 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is known as a country that has biological forests which can be used as a source of essential oils. The levels of chemical compounds that make up citronella oil are not fixed and depend on several factors such as distillation. Distillation using traditional methods is a production process that has been identical for generations used by farmers, usually this distillation uses wood fuel and takes 5 hours. Meanwhile, distillation with electrical energy only takes 4-5 hours. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This research was conducted from January 2023 to June 2023. The results showed that distillation using the traditional method had 15 chemical compounds and consisted of 3 active ingredients, namely citronellal (42.48%), geraniol (17.60%) and citronellol ( 13.67%) while the results of the distillation by the electric method have 21 compounds and also consist of 3 active ingredient components, namely citronellal (40.87%), geraniol (16.53%) and citronellol (17.68%).
The effect of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) solid waste on the stomatal density and chlorophyll content of the pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Zahara M , Larassati D , Rahmawati L , Harahap D , Hayatillah R , Kamaliah K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) solid waste on stomatal density and chlorophyll content in pepper plants (Piper nigrum L.). Employing a Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising four treatments and five replications, the research used the mixed of the waste and soil with the ratios: P0 (1 kg soil, control), P1 (333 g palm oil solid waste and 666 g soil, 1:2 ratio), P2 (500 g soil and 500 g palm oil solid waste, 1:1 ratio), and P3 (666 g palm oil solid waste and 333 g soil, 2:1 ratio). Our findings indicate that the stomatal density in the adaxial part of pepper’s leaves was highest in treatment P2, whereas stomatal density in the abaxial part was highest in treatment P3. Additionally, the highest chlorophyll a content was observed in treatment P2, while chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were highest in treatment P3. These results underscore the complex interplay between waste composition and plant physiological responses.