bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats
Authors: Pang Stephen C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe characteristics and proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied in culture. Smooth muscle cells were isolated from the tunica media of the thoracic aorta by an explant method. Immunefluorescence microscopy showed that 93–95 per cent of cells were positively labelled with antibodies raised against smooth muscle actin, indicating that these were smooth muscle cells. The proliferate activity was compared between aortic smooth muscle cells from hypertensive and normotensive rats in culture by thymidine incorporation and eell number determinations. The results demonstrate that aortic smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats grew faster than those from normotensive rats in culture. The increased proliferative activity of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats was detectable even when they were cultured in a chemically defined serum‐free medium. These data have shown that an increased proliferative activity of aortic smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats can occur in culture conditions without the influence of arterial pressure or other stimuli as in intact animals. The mechanisms underlying the accelerated proliferative activity of aortic smooth muscle cells from genetically hypertensive rats in vitro remain to be determined.
How should we count AgNORS? Proposals for a standardized approach
Authors: Crocker John , Boldy David A. R. , Egan Mark J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere is interest currently in the AgNOR technique, for NOR‐associated proteins. In some cases, this technique enables the distinction to be made between certain grades of malignancy and may enable prognostic assessment. This paper attempts to suggest a standardized means for the enumeration of NORs in histological sections. Attention should be paid to rigorous technique and careful resolution of intranucleolar AgNOR dots. The timing of the reaction and fixation methods are also most important.
The relationship between growth fractions and oestrogen receptors in human breast carcinoma, as determined by immunohistochemical staining
Authors: Raymond Wendy A. , Leong Anthony S.‐Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMeasurements of the growth fraction (GF) and oestrogen receptor (OR) status were performed by immunohistochemical staining, using the monoclonal antibodies Ki‐67 and anti‐OR, in consecutive cryostat sections of biopsies from 74 women with primary breast cancer, and 12 women with benign breast disease. A significant inverse correlation was identified between the GF and OR status (r = − 0.452, P < 0.0001), but a group of OR‐positive tumours with high GFs was also observed. There was a strong positive correiation between immunocytochemically determined OR percentages and values obtained with a cytosolic OR biochemical assay for the 70 cases in which both techniques were performed (r> = 0.801, P < 0.0001). A significant relationship was also revealed between the histological grade of infiltrating ductal carcinomas and their associated GFs (r = 0.622, P < 0.0001). No correlation was found between the GF and the number of positive axillary nodes. Our findings suggest that GF and OR status are useful independent prognostic parameters in breast cancer, but the former probably has an overriding influence. Both parameters may be useful guides for selection of appropriate endocrine and/or adjuvant chemotherapy.
Autoantibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens in systemic vasculitis have the same target specificity
Authors: Harrison D. J. , Kharbanda R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMany patients with systemic vasculitis have antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm antigens (ANCA) detectable by indirect immunoflourescencc. We sought to characterize further the nature of these antigens. Western blots of neutrophil protein extracts indicated that nine patients' sera, positive for ANCA by immunofluorescence, all reacted with a 45 kDa and a 27–31 kDa protein. Negative control sera, and sera taken in remission, did not react with either of these antigens. The results suggest that ANCA in vasculitis have the same target specificity and may therefore permit greater accuracy of diagnosis and increase our understanding of the pathogcncsis of the conditions.
Short‐term effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on the human gallbladder
Authors: Stephenson Timothy J. , Johnson Alan G. , Ross Bryan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), whereby shock wave energy is focused upon gallstones causing their disintegration into fragments sufficiently small to be passed via the biliary system, offers a promising non‐invasive alternative to surgery for gallstone disease. The tissue effects in humans of ESWL are poorly characterized and no systematic study of the tissue effects of ESWL by piezoelectrically generated shock waves has been published. Sixteen patients for elective cholecystectomy were therefore subjected to ESWL before surgery and detailed histology of the gall‐bladders (including scanning electron microscopy of the mucosa) was compared with that from 20 age/sex‐ matched control cases. The gall‐bladders treated by ESWL, in addition to showing the histological changes associated with chronic cholecystitis, Showed serosal vasodilatation, mural oedema, and serosal and mucosal petechial haemorrhages focally over the entire surface. Between 10 and 90 per cent epithelial denudation was observed, but all cases showed surviving columnar epithelial cells in the crypts. No case showed vascular thrombosis, tissue necrosis, or acute inflammation. These tissue effects are likely to be reversible and unlikely to present a risk of perforation, although the long‐term clinicopathological effects await investigation.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in rat liver by a sensitive avidin‐biotin technique
Authors: Sipos Jozsef , McFarlane Barbara M. , McSorley Claire G. , Gove Christopher D. , Williams Roger , McFarlane Ian G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn immunohistochemical technique for the detection of tho hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP‐R) in cryostat sections of liver by polyclonal and monoclonal anti‐ASGP‐R antibodies is described. The procedure is based on the alkaline‐phosphatase‐avidin‐biotin complex (ABC‐AP) system and important features include fixation of the sections with periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde (with or without dichromale) and an absolute requirement for blocking of endogenous biotin activity. The sensitivity of the technique is such that binding to ASGP‐R can be detected with femtomolar concentrations of monoclonal anti‐ASGP‐R antibodies and, with potyclonal antisera, approaches that of a radioimmunoassay.
Apoptosis—the mechanism of cell death in dimethylnitrosamine‐induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Pritchard Deborah J. , Butler William H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDimethylinitrosamine (DMN) induces an acute haemorrhagic centrilobular necrosis when given as a single dose to rats. In this study, the progression of the lesion was studied at the ultrastructural level in order lo elucidate the precise mechanisms of hepatic injury. Within 3h of a single dose of DMN there was disruption of endothelial lining cells. In areas of endothelial cell loss, the exposed hepatocyte sinusoidal membranes became simplified and flattened. In the centrilobular area, hepatocytes became apoptotic and by 16 h apoptotic bodies, formed from degenerate hepatocytes, were engulfed by intact hepatocytes or by circulating macrophages. This progressive degeneration of hepatocytes and endothelial cells gave rise, by 24 h, to the classically recognized centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis. The damage to the endothelial cells was concurrent with, or in some areas prior to, significant morphological changes in adjacent hepatocytes. This contrasts with other hepatotoxins such as carbon tetrachloride where the primary target is the hepatocyte, giving rise to hydropic degeneration and coagulative neerosis. DMM, however, results in apoptosis, a mechanism of cell death not normally associated with chemically induced injury.
A strategy for demonstrating the clonal origin of small numbers of T lymphocytes in histopathological specimens
Authors: Goudie R. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA strategy is described for detecting large T‐cell clones among small numbers of lymphoid cells in fresh or formalin‐fixed tissue samples using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and identify rearrangements of the V and J genes of the T‐cell gamma receptor. Following hybridization of primers with gene‐specific sequences at judiciously selected locations on each of the eight potentially active V and five potentially active J genes, the PCR can theoretically amplify DNA segments which span the join between rearranged V and J genes and are of approximately 384 different sizes, each segment size reflecting different gamma gene clonal rearrangements. Large monoclonal populations of T lymphocytes, indicated by excessive amounts of particular PCR segment sizes, can be further characterized by direct nucleotide sequencing of the hypervariable N regions of these segments, and the presence of such clones can be confirmed directly in tissue sections by in situ hybridization with N region‐specific oligonuclcotide probes.
A comparison of antibodies to type VII and type IV collagen laminin and amnion as epidermal basement membrane markers
Authors: Kirkham N. , Gibson B. , Leigh I. M. , Price M. L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have compared four monoclonal antibodies which label basement membrane components using an indirect immunoperoxidase method in frozen sections of skin biopsies. The antibodies LH 7·2 and GB3 showed expression limited to epidermal and adnexal basement membrane. Antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen also decorated dermal blood vessels and stromal components. The antibodies LH 7·2 and GB3 are more suitable for labelling epidermal basement membrane in the study of cutaneous lesions.
New monoclonal antibodies recognizing epidermal differentiation‐associated keratins in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. Keratin 10 expression in carcinoma of the vulva
Authors: Ivanyi Dagmar , Ansink Anka , Groeneveld Els , Hageman Philomena C. , Mooi Wolter J. , Heintz A. Peter M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for differentiation‐related epidermal keratins have been developed. They represent specific molecular probes for different stages of epidermal differentiation. Antibody DE‐K10 is chain‐specific for cytokeratin polypeptide no. 10 (56·5 kD) expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. Antibody DE‐SCK is specific for modified stratum corneum keratins and thus represents a marker for the terminal step of epidermal differentiation.Since the epitopes identified by both antibodies are preserved in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, these antibodies can be used for retrospective studies of differentiation in various pathological processes.We have used antibody DE‐K10 to study the cytokeratin 10 expression in 26 stage II or III vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Preliminary data suggest an increased risk of recurrence in cytokeratin 10 negative tumours.
Polarized incident light microscopical enhancement of immunogold and immunogold–silver preparations: Its role in immunohistology
Authors: Ellis Ian O. , Bell Jane , Bancroft John D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolarized incident light microscopy (PILM) is a recognized method of visualization of bound colloidal gold in cytological immunocytochemical preparations. This study investigates its role in the assessment of histological sections using both indirect immunogold and immunogold–silver staining methods. With dark field or bright field illumination this technique was found to be advantageous and allowed easy detection staining at low magnification and accurate detection of low levels of stain product. We advocate this technique as a valuable microscopical enhancement method for immunogold immunohistology.
Expression of the embryonal neural cell adhesion molecule N‐CAM in lung carcinoma. Diagnostic usefulness of monoclonal antibody 735 for the distinction between small cell lung cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kibbelaar R. E. , Moolenaar C. E. C. , Michalides R. J. A. M. , Bitter‐Suermann D. , Addis B. J. , Mooi W. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractParaffin sections of 19 surgically resected small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC), 33 non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) of various types, and four bronchial carcinoids were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 735 and anti‐Leu 7, both recognizing some sugar epitopes present on the neural cell adhesion molecule N‐CAM. With MoAb 735, all SCLC were stained focally or diffusely, and one carcinoid was stained focally. Only three of the 33 NSCLC were faintly and focally positive with MoAb 735; these three tumours showed relatively small tumour cells and small, oval nuclei. Anti‐Leu 7 stained all the carcinoids, only eight SCLC, sometimes focally, and eight NSCLC.MoAb 735 was thus superior to anti‐Leu 7 in distinguishing between SCLC and NSCLE. Since MoAb 735 stained all SCLC strongly and is applicable on paraffin sections, it provides a well‐needed addition to the immunomarkers used in the diagnostic distinction of SCLC and NSCLC.
Focal chronic thyroiditis and chronic carotid glomitis
Authors: Heath Donald , Khan Qamar 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe incidence of focal chronic thyroiditis and chronic carotid glomitis was studied by histological examination in 50 subjects over the age of 50 years coming to necropsy. The two conditions appear to be distinct, affecting different age groups. Focal chronic thyroiditis occurred as early as the sixth decade and was found on its own in 34 per cent of subjects. Chronic carotid glomitis was characteristic of the eighth and ninth decades and occurred on its own in 14 percent of subjects. In a further 12 per cent, thyroiditis and glomitis co‐existed. Chronic carotid glomitis has the same histological features as auto‐immune thyroiditis, the infiltrate being composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and plasma cells, raising the possibility that it, too, has a basis in auto‐immunity. The antigenic stimulus for the auto‐immunity in the carotid bodies may be senescent nerve fibrils.
Osteoclasts are present in the giant cell variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Flanagan Adrienne M. , Chambers Timothy J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe assessed the osteoclast‐like giant cells in a giant cell‐rich variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) for characteristics which are specific for osteoclasts, including excavation of bone and binding of osteoclast‐specific monoclonal antibodies. Excavations characteristic of osteoclastic activity were found when the bone slices were inspected in the scanning electron microscope after incubation. Two monoclonal antibodies which bind specifically to osteoclasts showed strong membrane reactivity. These results provide strong evidence for the osteoclastic nature of the giant cells in this variant of the MFH. Osteoblasts are known to control the function of the osteoclast, and since there is bone formation present in at least half of the giant cell‐rich variant of MFH it may be that it is the cells with properties peculiar to osteoblasts within the tumour which are responsible for the recruitment of the osteoclasts.
Intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation in rats with experimental liver injury: Morphological and morphometric studies
Authors: Hillan K. J. , Burt A. D. , George W. D. , Macsween R. N. M. , Griffiths M. R. , Bradley J. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIsolated rat hepatocytes were transplanted into the splenic parenchyma of syngeneic animals. The effects on the degree of colonization by the transplanted cells of three forms of experimental liver injury in recipient animals were studied. Significant colonization was observed in animals with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced injury combined with portacaval shunt (PCS) and in animals with common bile duct (CBD) ligation but not in control animals or in animals with CCl4‐induced injury alone. Transplanted cells in the CCl4/PCS group resembled normal hepatocytes. In contrast, in the CBD group, the intrasplenic hepatocytes exhibited a pattern of ductular metaplasia' similar to that observed in the obstructed liver of the recipients. Transplanted syngeneic hepatocytes can thus proliferate in the spleen in response to liver injury in the recipient. The morphological appearances of the transplanted cells can be modified depending on the nature of the liver injury.
Morphometric analysis of nuclear features, ploidy status, and staging in rectal carcinoma
Authors: Carter Christopher D. , Weeks Sandy C. , Jarvis Lynn R. , Whitehead Richard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecently, several flow cytometric studies have shown that the nuclear DNA content in colorectal carcinoma gives prognostic information which is independent of that provided by the histological characteristics of the tumour. In this study the nuclear DNA content and nuclear morphology of 39 cases of surgically resected rectal adenocarcinoma were measured in Feulgen‐stained histological sections by video image analysis and 97 per cent were aneuploid. Dukes' stage correlated better with the morphometric data than did other classification systems. The extent of local spread and the growth pattern at the invasive margin of the tumour, which are of known prognostic importance, were significantly related to some nuclear features. Discriminant analysis of the nuclear morphometric data alone was highly successful in predicting these tumour characteristics. The results suggest that routine application of this technique to tumour biopsies may be of value in patient management since it provides stage‐related information which cannot be obtained by conventional histopathological assessment.
Silver‐stained structures (AgNORs), their dependence on tissue fixation and absence of prognostic relevance in rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Griffiths A. P. , Butler C. W. , Roberts P. , Dixon M. F. , Quirke P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe value of a one‐stage silver staining technique for nucleolar organizer region (NOR)‐associated protein was investigated as a predictor of clinical outcome in 100 rectal adenocarcinomas. In formalin‐fixed tissues, a variety of silver‐stained structures ranging from 0·5 to 7 μm are seen, the abundance of which bears no relation to prognosis, cell proliferation, or ploidy. Evidence is presented that the silver‐stained structures are the result of coalescence of smaller particles caused by formalin fixation, and that assessment of NOR activity is not reliable in routinely formalin‐fixed archival tissues.
Microglial cells in human brain have phenotypic characteristics related to possible function as dendritic antigen presenting cells
Authors: Lowe J. , Maclennan K. A. , Powe D. G. , Pound J. D. , Palmer J. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe resting human microglia have previously been shown to be cells of dendritic morphology expressing class II MHC antigens and macrophage specific antigens by immunocytochemical techniques. To examine the relationship between the microglia and the family of dendritic antigen presenting cells (APC), normal white matter from eight normal adults with no neurological disease at autopsy was examined by immunocytochemical techniques to localize antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA), HLA‐DR, CDI (T6), CD4 (T4), and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition, enzyme histochemical staining for ATPase, non‐specific esterase (NSE), and acid phosphatase (ACP) was performed. The normal microglia are ATPase + ve, NSE −ve, ACP‐ve, HLA‐DR + ve, LCA + ve, CD1 (T6) + ve and weakly CD4 (T4) + ve. This specialized phenotype closely resembles that of Langerhans cells and suggests that microglia are not simply quiescent phagocytes, but may have a primary role as microenvironmentally specialized APC. The finding of weak anti‐CD4 (T4) immunoreactivity supports suggestions for a central role for this cell in infection of the central nervous system by human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Differential immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratins and collagen types I and III in experimentally‐induced cirrhosis
Authors: Al Adnani Mohammed S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLiver cirrhosis was induced in male Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection (1 ml of 30 g/l) of an aqueous solution of thioacetamide. Using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, high molecular weight keratins were localized in bile ducts and ductules. Low molecular weight cytokeratins were present in regenerating hepatocytes in active cirrhosis; bile ducts were unstained. These results suggest that cytokeratin staining may be useful in distinguishing bile duct epithelium and hepatocytes in hepatobilary diseases. Anticollagen type III antibody stained hepatocytes and thin connective tissue fibres, while anticollagen type I antibody stained thicker fibres and some sinusoidal cells but not hepatocytes. Collagens were usually undetectable in normal liver cells. It is suggested, therefore, that hepatocytes may play a major role in collagen type III production which precedes the deposition of collagen type I. By contrast, collagen type I may be produced by fibroblasts and some cells along sinusoids (e.g. perisinusoidal fat‐storing cells) after liver injury.
Morphological and functional characteristics of myocytes isolated from human left ventricular aneurysms
Authors: Harding S. E. , Vescovo G. , Jones S. M. , Bennett G. , Yacoub M. , Poole‐Wilson P. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIsolated single myocytes were prepared from myocardium of developing ventricular aneurysms and from myocardium within the scar of chronic ventricular aneurysms. The morphology and function of the individual cells were compared. The cells from developing aneurysms were rod‐shaped, with a distinct sarcomeric structure, but did not contract even in the presence of high calcium concentrations. The sarcomere length was significantly higher than that of cells from chronic aneurysms and approached the theoretical point at which no contraction can occur. Cells from chronic aneurysms were either rod‐shaped and contractile, or rounded due to hypercontracture of the myofilaments. Electron microscopy of cells from developing aneurysms confirmed the presence of elongated sarcomeres, a loss of the actin‐myosin interdigitation, and damage to the contractile proteins which was particularly evident in the thin filaments. Cells with similar characteristics have also been isolated from a ruptured, ischaemic papillary muscle. These changes, which are due either to ischaemia or to overstretching of cells, may account for the weakness of the wall of developing aneurysms and be a cause of rupture or enlargement.