bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting the inoculation methods of kiwifruit canker disease to identify efficient biocontrol bacteria from branch microbiome
Authors: Shao Xiaolong , Wu Qianhua , Li Li , He Weimei , He Xueting , Cheng Dongjin , Murero Aprodisia , Lin Long , Wang Limin , Zhong Caihong , Huang Lili , Qian Guoliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the bacterium that causes kiwifruit bacterial canker, is a common field occurrence that is difficult to control globally. Currently, exploring the resources for efficient biocontrol bacteria is a hot spot in the field. The common strategy for isolating biocontrol bacteria is to directly isolate biocontrol bacteria that can secrete diffusible antibacterial substances, most of which are members of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomycetaceae, from disease samples or soil. Here, we report a new approach by adapting the typical isolation methods of kiwifruit canker disease to identify efficient biocontrol bacteria from the branch microbiome. Using this unique approach, we isolated a group of kiwifruit biocontrol agents (KBAs) from the branch microbiome of Psa‐resistant varieties. Thirteen of these showed no antagonistic activity in vitro, which depends on the secretion of antibacterial compounds. However, they exhibited antibacterial activity via cell‐to‐cell contacts mimicked by co‐culture on agar plates. Through biocontrol tests on plants, two isolates, KBA13 and KBA19, demonstrated their effectiveness by protecting kiwifruit branches from Psa infection. Using KBA19, identified as Pantoea endophytica, as a representative, we found that this bacterium uses the type VI secretion system (T6SS) as the main contact‐dependent antibacterial weapon that acts via translocating toxic effector proteins into Psa cells to induce cell death, and that this capacity expressed by KBA19 is common to various Psa strains from different countries. Our findings highlight a new strategy to identify efficient biocontrol agents that use the T6SS to function in an antibacterial metabolite‐independent manner to control wood diseases.
Diagnostic accuracy of community optometrists for age‐related macular degeneration using colour fundus photographs: A pilot evaluation
Authors: Ho Sharon , Doig Gordon S. , Ly Angelica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThe accurate diagnosis of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) represents an important step in delaying and preventing vision loss and achieving optimal patient care. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of community optometrists for identifying AMD using colour fundus photographs (CFPs) to support sample size calculations for subsequent definitive studies.MethodsFive practising community optometrists were invited to classify a total of 1023 CFPs for the (1) presence of AMD, and, if applicable, (2) stage of AMD (early/intermediate/late geographic atrophy/late neovascular AMD). Diagnosis by referral centre clinicians formed the reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (aROC). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also calculated.ResultsOf the 1023 CFPs included in the study, 226 images were of AMD and 797 images were of other ocular conditions or no abnormal findings. Participating community optometrists had a mean (SD) age of 30.2 (8.9) years, 60.0% (3/5) were female and the mean number of years practising in primary eye care was 5.4 (5.4) years. Community optometrists demonstrated excellent performance for diagnosing AMD, with an aROC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.89), sensitivity of 84.5% (95% CI 79.1 to 89.0) and specificity of 88.0% (95% CI 85.5 to 90.1). The aROC (95% CI) for diagnosing early, intermediate, late geographic atrophy and late neovascular AMD was 0.82 (0.73 to 0.91), 0.76 (0.72 to 0.81), 0.69 (0.49 to 0.90) and 0.55 (0.34 to 0.75), respectively.ConclusionsThese results justify the need for an appropriately powered definitive study to assess community clinicians' diagnostic accuracy for AMD.
Cytoglobin functions as a redox regulator of melanogenesis in normal epidermal melanocytes
Authors: Tanaka Yo , Sato‐Matsubara Misako , Tsuruta Daisuke , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kadono Chiho , Sugawara Koji , Kawada Norifumi , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Ito Shosuke , Yoshizato Katsutoshi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpidermal melanocytes are continuously exposed to sunlight‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress generated during the synthesis of melanin. Therefore, they have developed mechanisms that maintain normal redox homeostasis. Cytoglobin (CYGB), a ubiquitously expressed intracellular iron hexacoordinated globin, exhibits antioxidant activity and regulates the redox state of mammalian cells through its activities as peroxidase and nitric oxide (NO) dioxygenase. We postulated that CYGB functions in the melanogenic process as a regulator that maintains oxidative stress within a physiological level. This was examined by characterizing normal human melanocytes with the knockdown (KD) of CYGB using morphological and molecular biological criteria. CYGB‐KD cells were larger, had more dendrites, and generated more melanin granules in the advanced stages of melanogenesis than control cells. The expression levels of major melanogenesis‐associated genes and proteins were higher in CYGB‐KD melanocytes than in wild type (WT) cells. As expected, CYGB‐KD melanocytes generated more ROS and NO than WT cells. In conclusion, CYGB physiologically contributes to maintaining redox homeostasis in the melanogenic activity of normal melanocytes by controlling the intracellular levels of ROS and NO.
Impact of periodontitis on oral health‐related quality of life of patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Mishra Supriya , Johnson Lynn , Kaushal Laxmi , Upadhyay Palak 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince oral health issues can have a negative influence on a person's physical functioning, social status, and wellbeing, oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) becomes an indispensable part of overall health. Previous published studies report that periodontitis (PD) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a significant negative impact on OHRQoL. Based on these findings, it would be reasonable to assume that patients with coexisting PsA and PD would see a comparable or maybe synergistic effect on their OHRQoL. Hence, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the OHRQoL and its impact among subjects with concurrent PsA and PD.Material and MethodsThe present study was a comparative, cross‐sectional investigation. A total of 200 participants were categorized into four groups‐ PD‐PsA (n = 50), PsA (n = 50), PD (n = 50), and healthy controls (n = 50). Demographic data and periodontal parameters—plaque index, sites with gingival bleeding, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level were recorded for all the four groups. Number of mobile teeth due to periodontitis was recorded for the PSA‐PD and PD groups. OHIP‐14 questionnaire was administered to all the four groups. Collected data was then subjected to statistical analysis.ResultsThe severity of OHIP‐14 summary scores was highest in the PsA‐PD group (18.06 ± 11.22) followed by the PD group (17.02 ± 9.99) and lowest in the healthy group (6.32 ± 5.59) (p < .0001). The scores of all the domains‐ oral pain, oral function, orofacial appearance and psychological impact were highest among the PsA‐PD group followed by the PD group (p < .0001). The combined interaction of PsA and PD on the OHRQoL was statistically significant (F = 6.33, p = .012). Results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that there was a moderate collective significant effect between age, past dental visit, frequency of daily tooth brushing, use of other oral hygiene aids, and OHIP‐14 (F(3,196) = 13.08, p < .001, R2 = 0.17, adjusted R2 = 0.15).ConclusionThe negative impact on OHRQoL was highest in the patients with concurrent presence of PD with PsA followed by those with PD alone. While the summary scores and dimensional scores of OHIP‐14 were insignificant when patients with PsA‐PD and PD alone were compared, these scores were significantly higher in patients with PsA‐PD than patients with PsA alone.
Chromatin accessibility mediated transcriptome changes contribute to flavor substance alterations and jasmonic acid hyperaccumulation during oolong tea withering process
Authors: Kong Weilong , Zhao Ping , Zhang Qing , Yang Jingjing , Zhu Qiufang , Zhang Yanbing , Deng Xuming , Chen Xiao , Lin Jinke , Zhang Xingtan 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYDuring the oolong tea withering process, abiotic stresses induce significant changes in the content of various flavor substances and jasmonic acid (JA). However, the changes in chromatin accessibility during withering and their potential impact remain poorly understood. By integrating ATAC‐seq, RNA‐seq, metabolite, and hormone assays, we characterized the withering treatment‐induced changes in chromatin accessibility, gene expression levels, important metabolite contents, and JA and JA‐ILE contents. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of chromatin accessibility alterations on gene expression changes, content changes of important flavor substances, and JA hyperaccumulation. Our analysis identified a total of 3451 open‐ and 13 426 close‐differentially accessible chromatin regions (DACRs) under withering treatment. Our findings indicate that close‐DACRs‐mediated down‐regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) resulted in the reduced accumulation of multiple catechins during withering, whereas open‐DACRs‐mediated up‐regulated DEGs contributed to the increased accumulation of important terpenoids, JA, JA‐ILE and short‐chain C5/C6 volatiles. We further highlighted important DACRs‐mediated DEGs associated with the synthesis of catechins, terpenoids, JA and JA and short‐chain C5/C6 volatiles and confirmed the broad effect of close‐DACRs on catechin synthesis involving almost all enzymes in the pathway during withering. Importantly, we identified a novel MYB transcription factor (CsMYB83) regulating catechin synthesis and verified the binding of CsMYB83 in the promoter‐DACRs regions of key catechin synthesis genes using DAP‐seq. Overall, our results not only revealed a landscape of chromatin alters‐mediated transcription, flavor substance and hormone changes under oolong tea withering, but also provided target genes for flavor improvement breeding in tea plant.
Gauss sums and Van der Geer–Van der Vlugt curves
Authors: Takeuchi Daichi , Tsushima Takahiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study Van der Geer–Van der Vlugt curves in a ramification‐theoretic view point. We give explicit formulae on the ‐polynomials of these curves. As a result, we show that these curves are supersingular and give sufficient conditions for these curves to be maximal or minimal.
Partly Substituting Whey for Collagen Peptide Supplementation Improves Neither Indices of Muscle Damage Nor Recovery of Functional Capacity During Eccentric Exercise Training in Fit Males
Authors: Robberechts Ruben , Poffé Chiel , Ampe Noémie , Bogaerts Stijn , Hespel Peter 
Published: November 2023

Previous studies showed that collagen peptide supplementation along with resistance exercise enhance muscular recovery and function. Yet, the efficacy of collagen peptide supplementation in addition to standard nutritional practices in athletes remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the study was to compare the effects of combined collagen peptide (20 g) and whey protein (25 g) supplementation with a similar daily protein dose (45 g) of whey protein alone on indices of muscle damage and recovery of muscular performance during eccentric exercise training. Young fit males participated in a 3-week training period involving unilateral eccentric exercises for the knee extensors. According to a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group design, before and after training, they received either whey protein (n = 11) or whey protein + collagen peptides (n = 11). Forty-eight hours after the first training session, maximal voluntary isometric and dynamic contraction of the knee extensors were transiently impaired by ∼10% (Ptime < .001) in whey protein and whey protein + collagen peptides, while creatine kinase levels were doubled in both groups (Ptime < .01). Furthermore, the training intervention improved countermovement jump performance and maximal voluntary dynamic contraction by respectively 8% and 10% (Ptime < .01) and increased serum procollagen type 1N-terminal peptide concentration by 10% (Ptime < .01). However, no differences were found for any of the outcomes between whey and whey protein + collagen peptides. In conclusion, substituting a portion of whey protein for collagen peptide, within a similar total protein dose, improved neither indices of eccentric muscle damage nor functional outcomes during eccentric training.
Toward the understanding of DSG2 and CD46 interaction with HAdV-11 fiber, a super-complex analysis
Authors: Effantin Gregory , Hograindleur Marc-André , Fenel Daphna , Fender Pascal , Vassal-Stermann Emilie 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Among human species B adenovirus, HAdV-11, has the particular feature of exploiting two primary receptors, desmoglein 2 (DSG2) and CD46, to mediate cell attachment. This serotype represents a particularly promising class of oncolytic viral vaccines. For instance, Enadenotucirev, a species B HAdV-11/HAdV-3 chimeric adenoviral vector, demonstrated preclinical tumor-selective cytotoxicity. Understanding the mechanism of HAdV-11 entry is a major challenge for the development of powerful vectors. Interactions between HAdV-11 and CD46 are well-characterized and clearly depend on the fiber protein, but the mechanism whereby HAdV-11 engages DSG2 has been still unresolved. In this study, we described a new cryo-EM structure of the HAdV-11 fiber in complex with DSG2. Kinetic interaction studies demonstrated that the binding stability of the HAdV-11 in complex with DSG2 was significantly lower than with CD46. Furthermore, competition assays with pseudotyped viruses suggested that the interaction of the HAdV-11 fiber with DSG2 was not required for infection but that DSG2 could serve as a receptor in the absence of CD46. Unexpectedly, we succeeded to isolate a HAdV-11 fiber/DSG2/CD46 “super complex” showing that these two receptors could simultaneously bind to the same trimeric HAdV-11K. Our work deciphers the use of two independent receptors by HAdV-11 from a biochemical and structural point of view, which can have an impact for future vectors design.

IMPORTANCE
The main limitation of oncolytic vectors is neutralization by blood components, which prevents intratumoral administration to patients. Enadenotucirev, a chimeric HAdV-11p/HAdV-3 adenovirus identified by bio-selection, is a low seroprevalence vector active against a broad range of human carcinoma cell lines. At this stage, there’s still some uncertainty about tropism and primary receptor utilization by HAdV-11. However, this information is very important, as it has a direct influence on the effectiveness of HAdV-11-based vectors. The aim of this work is to determine which of the two receptors, DSG2 and CD46, is involved in the attachment of the virus to the host, and what role they play in the early stages of infection.
Congenital duodenal obstruction repair with and without transanastomotic tube feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bethell George Stephen , Neville Jonathan J , Johnson Mark John , Turnbull Joanne , Hall Nigel J 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of transanastomotic tube (TAT) feeding in congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO).DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.PatientsInfants with CDO requiring surgical repair.InterventionsTAT feeding following CDO repair versus no TAT feeding.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was time to full enteral feeds. Additional outcomes included use of parenteral nutrition (PN), cost and complications from either TAT or central venous catheter. Meta-analyses were undertaken using random-effects models (mean difference (MD) and risk difference (RD)), and risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.ResultsTwelve out of 373 articles screened met the inclusion criteria. All studies were observational and two were prospective. Nine studies, containing 469 infants, were available for meta-analysis; however, four were excluded due to serious or critical risk of bias. TAT feeding was associated with reduced time to full enteral feeds (−3.34; 95% CI −4.48 to −2.20 days), reduced duration of PN (−6.32; 95% CI −7.93 to −4.71 days) and reduction in nutrition cost of £867.36 (95% CI £304.72 to £1430.00). Other outcomes were similar between those with and without a TAT including inpatient length of stay (MD −0.97 (−5.03 to 3.09) days), mortality (RD −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.01)) and requirement for repeat surgery (RD 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05)).ConclusionTAT feeding following CDO repair appears beneficial, without increased risk of adverse events; however, certainty of available evidence is low. Earlier enteral feeding and reduced PN use are known to decrease central venous catheter-associated risks while significantly reducing cost of care.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022328381.
Capabilities of GPT-4 in ophthalmology: an analysis of model entropy and progress towards human-level medical question answering
Authors: Antaki Fares , Milad Daniel , Chia Mark A , Giguère Charles-Édouard , Touma Samir , El-Khoury Jonathan , Keane Pearse A , Duval Renaud 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundEvidence on the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), a large language model (LLM), in the ophthalmology question-answering domain is needed.MethodsWe tested GPT-4 on two 260-question multiple choice question sets from the Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) Self-Assessment Program and the OphthoQuestions question banks. We compared the accuracy of GPT-4 models with varying temperatures (creativity setting) and evaluated their responses in a subset of questions. We also compared the best-performing GPT-4 model to GPT-3.5 and to historical human performance.ResultsGPT-4–0.3 (GPT-4 with a temperature of 0.3) achieved the highest accuracy among GPT-4 models, with 75.8% on the BCSC set and 70.0% on the OphthoQuestions set. The combined accuracy was 72.9%, which represents an 18.3% raw improvement in accuracy compared with GPT-3.5 (p<0.001). Human graders preferred responses from models with a temperature higher than 0 (more creative). Exam section, question difficulty and cognitive level were all predictive of GPT-4-0.3 answer accuracy. GPT-4-0.3’s performance was numerically superior to human performance on the BCSC (75.8% vs 73.3%) and OphthoQuestions (70.0% vs 63.0%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.55 and p=0.09).ConclusionGPT-4, an LLM trained on non-ophthalmology-specific data, performs significantly better than its predecessor on simulated ophthalmology board-style exams. Remarkably, its performance tended to be superior to historical human performance, but that difference was not statistically significant in our study.
Employment and higher education in young adults with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional analysis of the SPARCLE study
Authors: Vidart d'Egurbide Bagazgoïtia Nicolas , Perret Celia , Himmelmann Kate , Thyen Ute , Ehlinger Virginie , Duffaut Carine , Arnaud Catherine , Sentenac Mariane 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionFor young people with disabilities, access to higher education and employment should lead to improved personal self-esteem and well-being and, in the long run, to increased inclusion in society. Our aims were to describe the education and employment status of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP), to investigate the personal and contextual factors, including prior mainstream education, that most influence these statuses, and to study to what extent employment affects the quality of life (QoL).MethodsWe used data from the SPARCLE3 cross-sectional study, collected in 2018–2020 in five European regions. Eligible participants were adults with CP, 22–27 years, without moderate to profound intellectual disability. Outcomes were education and employment statuses. Unconditional logistic regressions were performed to test the association with impairments, comorbidities, personal and family characteristics and environmental factors. QoL scores (WHOQOL-bref score 0–100) were compared using linear regressions.ResultsOf the 227 participants, 21.6% had a tertiary degree, 35.2% were employed. The likelihood of being employed or of having a tertiary degree was reduced by more than 75% for those with more severe gross motor limitations or communication/speech difficulties. Those with a tertiary degree were more likely to be employed (OR 9.37 (95% CI 2.87 to 30.64)) while accessible car parking was the only associated environmental factor (OR 2.92 (95% CI 1.19 to 7.18)). Prior mainstream schooling increased the odds of being employed 16-fold. Individuals who were employed reported an 8-point increase in the physical and psychological well-being domains of QoL compared with those who were unemployed.ConclusionsThe employment situation of young adults with CP can still be improved, but our findings encourage the implementation of inclusive policies from an early age.
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over 18 months following infection: UK Biobank COVID-19 Serology Study
Authors: Bešević Jelena , Lacey Ben , Callen Howard , Omiyale Wemimo , Conroy Megan , Feng Qi , Crook Derrick W , Doherty Nicola , Ebner Daniel , Eyre David W , Fry Dan , Horn Edward , Jones E Yvonne , Marsden Brian D , Peto Tim E A , Starkey Fenella , Stuart David , Welsh Samantha , Wood Natasha , Young Alan , Young Allen , Effingham Mark , Collins Rory , Holliday Jo , Allen Naomi 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundLittle is known about the persistence of antibodies after the first year following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to determine the proportion of individuals that maintain detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over an 18-month period following infection.MethodsPopulation-based prospective study of 20 000 UK Biobank participants and their adult relatives recruited in May 2020. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cases testing positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the spike protein (IgG-S), and the nucleocapsid protein (IgG-N), was calculated at varying intervals following infection.ResultsOverall, 20 195 participants were recruited. Their median age was 56 years (IQR 39–68), 56% were female and 88% were of white ethnicity. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cases with IgG-S antibodies following infection remained high (92%, 95% CI 90%–93%) at 6 months after infection. Levels of IgG-N antibodies following infection gradually decreased from 92% (95% CI 88%–95%) at 3 months to 72% (95% CI 70%–75%) at 18 months. There was no strong evidence of heterogeneity in antibody persistence by age, sex, ethnicity or socioeconomic deprivation.ConclusionThis study adds to the limited evidence on the long-term persistence of antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with likely implications for waning immunity following infection and the use of IgG-N in population surveys.