bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rye flour induces a stronger early bronchial response than wheat flour in occupational asthma
Authors: Bensefa L. , Villette C. , Tabka F. , Causse‐Sounillac E. , Fabriès J. F. , Choudat D. 
Published: July 2004

Background:  Our aims were to compare the doses of wheat and rye flour that induce early bronchial responses in occupationally exposed asthmatic subjects and to assess the effects of the dose of inhaled flour, the duration of exposure and the dose rate.Methods:  Ten patients underwent tests with lactose, wheat flour and rye flour. We compared the decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) observed during the challenge with flour and with lactose. We also calculated the amount of flour that was instantaneously active.Results:  Seven subjects had significantly decreased FEV1 values following exposure to wheat and rye flour and two subjects only did so for rye flour. The provocative dose (PD, dose required to reduce FEV1 by 15%) of rye was lower than that of wheat flour (geometric mean; PD15 rye: 95 μg; wheat: 368 μg). The calculated doses of rye and wheat flour were better correlated with the change in FEV1 than were the cumulative doses.Conclusion:  The bronchial response was greater with rye than with wheat flour. The response was related to the dose of allergen inhaled and to the dose rate.
Response to clozapine of rapid cycling versus non‐cycling patients with a history of mania
Authors: Suppes Trisha , Erkan Ozcan M , Carmody Thomas 
Published: July 2004

Objective:  Rapid cycling (RC) bipolar disorder (BD) patients often do not respond fully to mood‐stabilizers. Atypical antipsychotics including clozapine may be good candidates as an alternative mood‐stabilizer for these patients.Methods:  Twenty‐eight treatment‐resistant patients with either Bipolar Disorder Type I (n = 20), or Schizoaffective Disorder Bipolar Type (n = 8) received clozapine add‐on therapy. Patients were followed for up to 1 year. Patients were seen monthly and assessed on a number of symptom domains.Results:  Fifteen of 28 patients met RC criteria. Differences between groups was non‐significant for reported age of onset, age at study entry, past history of treatment or hospitalization, or diagnosis. However, significantly more women were RC. More than 80% of patients in either group showed at least some improvement over the 1‐year study. Random regression analyses found the non‐rapid cycling (NRC) group experienced significantly greater improvement than RC patients (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:  Clozapine is more effective in NRC patients with a history of mania in comparison to patients with a recent history of RC.
Perception of facial expressions of emotion in bipolar disorder
Authors: Venn Helen R , Gray John M , Montagne Barbara , Murray Lindsey K , Michael Burt D , Frigerio Elisa , Perrett David I , Young Allan H 
Published: July 2004

Objectives:  Some studies have reported deficits in the perception of facial expressions among depressed individuals compared with healthy controls, while others have reported negative biases in expression perception. We examined whether altered perception of emotion reflects an underlying trait‐like effect in affective disorder by examining facial expression perception in euthymic bipolar patients.Methods:  Sensitivity to six different facial expressions, as well as accuracy of emotion recognition, was examined among 17 euthymic bipolar patients and 17 healthy controls using an interactive computer program.Results:  No differences were found between euthymic bipolar patients and controls in terms of sensitivity to any particular emotion. Although initial analysis of the data suggested impairment in the recognition of fear among the patients, identification of this emotion was not relatively impaired compared with that of the other emotions.Conclusions:  The study did not find any conclusive evidence for trait‐like deficits in the perception of facially conveyed emotions in bipolar disorder. Altered perception of facial expressions that has been found to accompany depressed mood may instead reflect mood‐congruent biases.
Neurocognitive function in unaffected first‐degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: a preliminary report
Authors: Nicol Ferrier I , Chowdhury Rumana , Thompson Jill Maria , Watson Stuart , Young Allan H 
Published: July 2004

Objective:  Patients with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) have persistent impairments in neuropsychological function, particularly in the domains of executive control and declarative memory [Br J Psychiatry 180 (2002) 293]. If these were the phenotypic expression of genetic vulnerability to BD, then healthy subjects with a genetic predisposition to BD would be expected to display the same deficits. This study, therefore, examined neuropsychological function in healthy first‐degree relatives of patients with BD.Method:  A cross‐sectional design was employed to compare the performance of 17 unaffected first‐degree relatives of BD patients and 17 demographically matched controls on a range of neuropsychological tests.Results:  Relatives were significantly impaired on Backward Digit Span, Spatial Span and on tasks of visuospatial declarative memory in comparison with controls. Psychomotor performance and verbal declarative memory were intact, as were non‐working memory aspects of executive performance.Conclusion:  The selective deficits in executive control and declarative memory exhibited by relatives in this study have previously been reported in euthymic BD patients suggesting they may be useful endophenotypic markers of genetic vulnerability to BD.
Pediatric bipolar disorder: phenomenology and course of illness
Authors: Faedda Gianni L , Baldessarini Ross J , Glovinsky Ira P , Austin Nancy B 
Published: July 2004

Background:  Specific features and diagnostic boundaries of childhood bipolar disorder (BD) remain controversial, and its differentiation from other disorders challenging, owing to high comorbidity with other common childhood disorders, and frequent lack of an episodic course typical of adult BD.Methods:  We repeatedly examined children meeting DSM‐IV criteria for BD (excluding episode‐duration requirements) and analyzed their clinical records to evaluate age‐at‐onset, family history, symptoms, course, and comorbidity.Results:  Of 82 juveniles (aged 10.6 ± 3.6 years) diagnosed with BD, 90% had a family history of mood or substance‐use disorders, but only 10% of patients had been diagnosed with BD. In 74%, psychopathology was recognized before age 3, usually as mood and sleep disturbances, hyperactivity, aggression, and anxiety. At onset, dysphoric‐manic and mixed presentations were most common (48%), euphoric mania less (35%), and depression least (17%). Subtype diagnoses were: BP‐I (52%) > BP‐II (40%) > cyclothymia (7%). DSM episode‐duration criteria were met in 52% of cases, and frequent shifts of mood and energy were common.Limitations:  Partly retrospective study of clinically diagnosed referred outpatients without a comparison group.Conclusions:  Pediatric BD is often mis‐ or undiagnosed, although it often manifests with mood lability and sleep disturbances early in life. DSM BD criteria inconsistent with clinical findings require revision for pediatric application.
Community‐based care for youths with early and very‐early onset bipolar I disorder
Authors: Jerrell Jeanette M , Shugart Margaret A 
Published: July 2004

Objective:  Phenomenological and treatment differences between children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder in a public mental health system were examined.Method:  A systematic medical record review was performed on a sample of 83 patients, focusing on documented DSM IV symptoms of mania or depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, schizophrenia, and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Cross‐tabulation and logistic regression analyses were performed comparing the presence/absence of symptoms for each disorder and treatments provided for children and adolescents.Results:  Prepubertal patients were significantly more likely to be male, easily distracted, inattentive, detached from others, hyper‐vigilant, prescribed stimulant medication, and to meet the diagnostic criteria for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder or Conduct Disorder than adolescents.Conclusions:  Consistent with the published literature, phenomenological differences between children and adolescents are present and being recognized for differential diagnosis and treatment by community practitioners. More attention to documenting some cardinal symptoms of mania, the persistence of bipolar symptoms, and the nature of cycling for those with mixed states is needed.
Electrophysiological Responses to Fusaric Acid of Root Hairs from Seedlings of Date Palm‐susceptible and ‐resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis
Authors: Bouizgarne B. , Brault M. , Pennarun A. M. , Rona J. P. , Ouhdouch Y. , El Hadrami I. , Bouteau F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBayoud, a vascular wilt of date palm caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is the most devastating disease in palm groves of north Africa. Although Foa is able to induce resistance mechanisms in its host plant, no data are available on the early responses of the root cells. Fusaric acid (FA) is the main toxin found in culture filtrates from Foa aggressive strains. This phytotoxin induces modifications of membrane permeability or membrane potential in various cell types and could thus be involved in the early steps of signal exchange between the pathogen and the plant. We showed an early differential behaviour of the disease‐resistant and ‐susceptible cultivars from date palm when challenged by FA. This response could be due to a differential sensitivity of H+‐ATPases to FA.
Possible Phytoplasma Disease in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) from Baja California Sur: Diagnosis by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Poghosyan A. V. , Lebsky V. K. , Arce‐Montoya M. , Landa L. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe symptoms of possible phytoplasma infection in introduced and local varieties of papaya were first noted in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur (BCS) during field surveys in 2002–2003. Phytoplasma structures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in phloem sieve elements in diseased papaya plants, but not in healthy plants. They were rounded structures 400–1600 nm in diameter. This is the first report of the possible association of phytoplasmas with diseased papaya plants in BCS. The use of SEM for the primary detection of disease aetiology is discussed.
Genetic Analysis of the Latent Period of Stripe Rust in Wheat Seedlings
Authors: Dehghani H. , Moghaddam M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGenetics of slow‐rusting resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) was studied by a half‐diallel design using six wheat varieties, Tiritea (susceptible), Tancred, Kotare, Otane, Karamu, and Briscard. The parents and 15 F1 progenies were evaluated in the greenhouse by three pathotypes 7E18A−, 38E0A+, and 134E134A+. The latent period was measured as the number of days from inoculation to the appearance of the first pustule. For each pathotype a randomized complete block design was used and data were analysed by methods of Griffing and Hayman. The range of average degree of dominance was from complete dominance to over‐dominance. Positive and negative degrees of dominance were observed for each pathotype that showed the reversal of dominance. Analysis of variance showed the importance of both additive and dominance effects in controlling the latent period. Broad‐sense heritabilities were 0.99 and narrow‐sense heritabilities ranged from 0.85 to 0.94. Briscard and Karamu for the pathotypes 38E0A+ and 134E134A+, Kotare for the pathotype 7E18A− and Tancred for the pathotype 38E0A+ had significant and positive general combining ability (GCA) (more resistance) for latent period. The crosses of Kotare with Tancred, Briscard and Karamu indicated the highest and positive specific combining ability (SCA) for the pathotype 7E18A−. Significant additive genetic component and moderate narrow‐sense heritability indicate the possibility of improving for longer latent period of stripe rust in breeding programmes.
Reaction of Certain Solanaceous and Asteraceous Plant Species to Inoculation with Phytophthora infestans in Cameroon
Authors: Fontem D. A. , Olanya O. M. , Njualem B. F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractExperiments were conducted to detect potential hosts of Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight among weeds occurring in Cameroon. Isolates of P. infestans isolated from garden huckleberry (Solanum scabrum), potato (S. tuberosum) and tomato (S. lycopersicon) were inoculated on detached leaves of 12 solanaceous and 14 asteraceous species collected from the potato agroecosystem in the western highlands of Cameroon. Isolates of P. infestans from huckleberry and potato infected the same host plants as well as gboma eggplant (S. macrocarpon) and two asteraceous weeds; Billy goatweed (Ageratum conyzoides) and Dichrocephala (Dichrocephala integrifolia). Inoculum from potato caused late blight symptoms on haemorrhage plant (Aspilia africana); while inoculum from tomato resulted in late blight on worowo (Solanecio biafrae). This is the first report of late blight infection on S. macrocarpon, A. conyzoides, Sol. biafrae and Asp. africana in Cameroon. The research results indicate that some asteraceous and solanaceous weeds may be alternative hosts of P. infestans in the potato agroecosystem.
Hydrolytic Activities of Fusarium solani and Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii Associated with the Infection Process of Potato Tubers
Authors: Olivieri F. P. , Maldonado S. , Tonón C. V. , Casalongué C. A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe development of dry rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii was evaluated in susceptible (Huinkul) and resistant (Spunta) potato cultivars. Fungal proteolytic and polygalacturanase activities were measured at different days postinoculation either with the pathogenic F. solani f. sp. eumartii, isolate 3122 or with the non‐pathogenic F. solani, isolate 1042. After inoculation with the pathogenic fungus, proteolytic and polygalaturonase activities were higher in the susceptible than in the resistant cultivar. In addition, we found a correlation between the levels of proteolytic activity detected in the intercellular washing fluids with the size of the lesion area caused by F. solani f. sp. eumartii in Huinkul tubers. The action of the proteolytic activity over cell wall proteins of both potato cultivars was assayed. An extracellular potato protein with homology to proteinase inhibitors of the Kunitz family was identified as a substrate of the proteolytic activity in the susceptible cultivar. A microscopic study revealed differences between the potato genotypes in the rate of response to infection by F. solani f. sp. eumartii. In addition, the cell wall alteration caused by F. solani f. sp. eumartii in cortical cells of susceptible tubers was evaluated. The data with respect to the correlation between the course of cyto‐ and biochemical events of the two host–pathogen interactions were discussed.
Sources of Resistance to Cowpea Bacterial Blight Disease in Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu R. U. , Ekpo E. J. A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe development of resistant crop varieties depends on the reliability of the method of screening for resistance. One of the techniques widely used in evaluating field resistance is the field screening method. However, most cowpea varieties regarded as having field resistance are often found to be susceptible in farmers’ fields, where the inoculum density can be higher. This study rescreened 96 cowpea varieties, evaluated earlier in breeders’ fields as resistant to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vignicola, in field and greenhouse under high inoculum pressure. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the reactions of cowpea varieties to bacterial blight in terms of disease incidence and severity. Results from the field screening showed that there were 69 susceptible, 25 moderately susceptible, and 2 resistant varieties. In artificial inoculation in the greenhouse IT81D‐1228‐14, IT82E‐16, IT93K‐2271‐2‐2, TVu 1235, and TVu 4630, which were moderately susceptible in the field showed a susceptible reaction. Tvu 12349 and Tvu 15549 gave consistent reactions in the field and in the greenhouse and are therefore good sources of stable resistance to bacterial blight pathogen. Stem canker incidence also varied significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among the cowpea varieties. Seventeen varieties did not manifest canker symptoms.
Effect of Host Plant Resistance on Haustorium Formation in Cereal Rust Fungi
Authors: Martínez F. , Sillero J. C. , Rubiales D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractHaustoria of Puccinia triticina (wheat leaf rust fungus) and P. hordei (barley leaf rust fungus) were isolated from susceptible and partially resistant wheat lines, and susceptible, hypersensitive and partially resistant barley lines. Haustoria were counted and measured. The size of haustoria was similar in the partially resistant and susceptible genotypes but haustoria were smaller in the hypersensitive barley line L94+Pa7. The number of haustoria was reduced in both partially and hypersensitive lines when compared with susceptible ones. Therefore it seems that the reduction in the number of haustoria is a consequence of the resistance that can be attributable either to early abortion of infection units or reduced colony growth. The reduction of the number of haustoria was more pronounced in the adult plant stage.
Characterization of an Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated in China from Chickens with Nephritis
Authors: Zhou J.‐Y. , Zhang D.‐Y. , Ye J.‐X. , Cheng L.‐Q. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryOne IBV isolate, SC021202, was isolated from the kidneys of the infected young chickens by inoculating embryonated eggs, and its morphology, physiochemical and haemagglutonating properties were detected. Virulence of the isolate SC021202 was determined with specific pathogen‐free (SPF) chicken inoculation. Nucleotide acid sequence of S1 gene of the isolate SC021202 was further sequenced and analysed. The physiochemical and morphological properties of the isolate SC021202 were in accordance to that of typical infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In a pathogenicity experiment, the clinical signs and related gross lesions resembling those of field outbreak were reproduced and the virus isolate SC021202 was re‐isolated from the kidneys of the infected chicken. Sequence data demonstrated that the full length of the amplified S1 gene of the isolate SC021202 was composed of 1931 nucleotides, coding a polypeptide of 543 amino acid residues. Compared with IBV strains from GenBank, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of S1 gene of the isolate SC021202 shared 60.0–91.4% and 49.1–88.9% identities, respectively. A nucleotide fragment of ′CTTTTTAATTATACTAACGGA′ was inserted at nucleotide site 208 in the S1 gene of the isolate. These results indicated that IBV isolate SC021202 was a new variant IBV isolate and responsible for field outbreak of nephritis.
Characterization of a Point Mutation in the parC Gene of Mycoplasma bovirhinis Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance
Authors: Hirose K. , Kawasaki Y. , Kotani K. , Abiko K. , Sato H. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryQuinolone‐resistant (QR) mutants of Mycoplasma bovirhinis strain PG43 (type strain) were generated by stepwise selection in increasing concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENR). An alteration was found in the quinolone resistance‐determining region (QRDR) of the parC gene coding for the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV from these mutants, but not in the gyrA, gyrB, and parE gene coding for the GyrA and GyrB subunits of DNA gyrase and the ParE subunit of topoisomerase IV. Similarly, such an alteration in QRDR of parC was found in the field isolates of M. bovirhinis, which possessed various levels of QR. The substitution of leucine (Leu) by serine (Ser) at position 80 of QRDR of ParC was observed in both QR‐mutants and QR‐isolates. This is the first report of QR based on a point mutation of the parC gene in M. bovirhinis.
Angiogenesis in Developing Follicle and Corpus Luteum
Authors: Tamanini C , De Ambrogi M 
Published: July 2004

ContentsAngiogenesis is a process of vascular growth that is mainly limited to the reproductive system in healthy adult animals. The development of new blood vessels in the ovary is essential to guarantee the necessary supply of nutrients and hormones to promote follicular growth and corpus luteum formation. In developing follicles, the pre‐existing endothelial cells that form the vascular network in the theca layer markedly develop in response to the stimulus of several growth factors, mainly produced by granulosa cells, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The angiogenic factors also promote vessel permeability, thus favouring the antrum formation and the events inducing follicle rupture. After ovulation, newly formed blood vessels cross the basement membrane between theca and granulosa layers and continue a rapid growth to sustain corpus luteum development and function. The length of luteal vascular growth varies in cycling and pregnant animals and among species; both angiogenesis and subsequent angioregression are finely regulated by systemic and local factors. The control of angiogenic development in the ovary could be a useful tool to improve animal reproductive performances.
Peripartal Endocrinology in the Mare and Foetus
Authors: Ousey JC 
Published: July 2004

ContentsThe endocrine profiles in the periparturient mares are dominated by increasing concentrations of progestagens and decreasing oestrogens. These hormones are produced by precursors from the foetus, metabolized by the placenta and act primarily on the maternal uterus. The circulating concentrations of hormones in maternal plasma, generally, represent a small proportion of those metabolized by the foetus and utero‐placental tissues. There is clear evidence that the foetal hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis initiates the process of foetal maturation and the hormonal cascade which culminates in parturition at term. The endocrine changes associated with abnormal pregnancy and abortion in late pregnancy are less well understood, as are the hormonal treatments needed to avert these problems. Further work is needed to establish the biological role of the various hormones present in pregnant mares and, in particular, those hormones which control myometrial quiescence.
Imaging features of unusual adrenal masses
Authors: Lerttumnongtum Pailin , Muttarak Malai , Visrutaratna Pannee , Ya‐in Charin 
Published: July 2004

SummaryThe widespread use of cross‐sectional imaging techniques has resulted in increased detection of adrenal masses. The imaging characteristics of common adrenal masses such as adenoma, phaeochromocytoma and metastasis are well established. In this pictorial essay, the imaging features of unusual adrenal masses including cyst, lymphoma, adrenal carcinoma, myelolipoma, haemangioma, smooth muscle tumour, haematoma, and infection (acute tuberculous adrenitis and histoplasmosis) are presented. Computed tomography permits a diagnosis of cyst, acute or subacute haematoma and myelolipoma. Although the imaging features of other lesions are non‐specific, imaging has an important role in the detection of these unusual adrenal masses, and in aiding their diagnosis and management.
Intracranial metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma with characteristic features on diffusion‐weighted imaging and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Guruprasad Ashwathnarayan S , Chandrashekar Hoskote S , Jayakumar Peruvumba N , Srikanth Subbamma G , Shankar Susarla K 
Published: July 2004

SummaryIntracranial abscesses and metastases are common lesions that might not be differentiated on routine MRI alone. In vivo proton spectroscopy and diffusion‐weighted imaging have been used as complementary investigations for improved tissue characterization. In the present report we illustrate the role of mucin and its contribution to signal characteristics on diffusion‐weighted imaging in a metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma.