bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic Crystals as a Distinctive Morphologic Feature of a Hyaline Droplet Nephropathy in a Mouse Model of Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia
Authors: Marchesi F. , Monestiroli S. V. , Capillo M. , Gobbi A. , Minucci S. , Pelicci P. G. , Scanziani E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryEosinophilic crystals have been described in the upper and lower respiratory tract, gall bladder, intrahepatic bile ducts and glandular stomach of different laboratory mice strains. They have been recently identified as chitinase–like (Ym1/Ym2) proteins. Here we describe the occurrence of eosinophilic crystals in the renal tubules of mice with experimentally induced acute myelogenous leukaemia. Fourteen FVB/N and 29 129Sv mice of both sexes, 8–10 weeks of age, were employed to establish a model of human acute myelogenous leukaemia. Nine mice that developed a widespread acute myelogenous leukaemia revealed the presence of eosinophilic crystals in renal tubules. The presence of eosinophilic crystals in the kidneys was constantly associated with a hyaline droplet nephropathy. Immunohistochemistry showed that the crystals and the hyaline droplets were composed of chitinase‐like (Ym1/Ym2) proteins. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for Ym1/Ym2 proteins was also detected in the crystalline material stored in the cytoplasm of large macrophage‐like cells or in extracellular localization within the leukaemic infiltrates. On the basis of our results we hypothesize that the detection of the Ym1/Ym2 proteins in the urine of mice might represent a feasible indicator of the burden and progression of the leukaemic condition in our murine model.
Periparturient Endocrine and Metabolic Changes in Healthy Cows and in Cows Affected by Mastitis
Authors: Nikolić J. A. , Kulcsár M. , Kátai L. , Nedić O. , Jánosi Sz. , Huszenicza Gy. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTransition from pregnancy to lactation in dairy cows involves considerable metabolic adaptation. Additional stress is incurred during infections such as periparturient mastitis. Multiparous Holstein–Friesian cows kept under normal production conditions (n = 15) were used to evaluate changes in circulating metabolite and hormone concentrations from 5 days before to 5 days after calving. Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) profiles were also monitored. Marked time‐related changes were observed for plasma thyroid hormone, IGF, cortisol, insulin, β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations but not for plasma leptin. A decrease in IGF‐II concentration and maximal intensity of the putative IGFBP‐1 band occurred at parturition. When compared with the five healthy cows, low IGF‐II levels were prolonged to day 2 post‐partum in five cows with Escherichia coli‐associated mastitis. However, marked decreases in IGFBP‐2 band intensity were evident only in two of the four cases examined. Individual total ligand (IGF‐I + IGF‐II) concentration and IGFBP pattern pre‐partum were largely regained 5 days post‐partum in all cows. Hormone and metabolite concentrations in the two cows with Staphylococcus aureus‐associated mastitis were very similar to those in the five healthy cows. Plasma thyroxine (T4) was lower 2 days pre‐partum in the cows, which later developed Gram‐negative mastitis. Multiregression analysis showed that variance in T4 concentration was significantly and independently associated with triiodothyronine (T3) and IGF‐I positively and with cortisol negatively (R2 = 0.648). This study confirms the close inter‐relationship between the thyroid hormone and IGF axes in cattle and indicates possible effects of Gram‐negative mastitis infection on IGF‐II metabolism.
In VitroSusceptibility ofEscherichia coliStrains Isolated from Diarrhoeic Dairy Calves to 15 Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Orden J. A. , Ruiz‐Santa‐Quiteria J. A. , Garcia S. , Cid D. , De La Fuente R. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThein vitroactivities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 195 strains ofEscherichia coliisolated from dairy calves affected by neonatal diarrhoea were determined. Of these strains 137 produced one or more potential virulence factors (F5, F41, F17, cytotoxic necrotizing factor, verotoxin and theeaegene), but the remaining 58 strains did not produce any of these factors. The overall percentage of resistant strains to streptomycin, tylosin and tetracycline was very high (above 65 %). A high level of resistance (from 23 to 50 %) to ampicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, sulphadimethoxine and trimethoprim was also detected. TheE. colistrains were very susceptible (89–95 %) to apramycin and gentamicin and highly susceptible (99–100 %) to polymyxin B, florfenicol and nitrofurazone. Some significant differences (P>0.05) in the frequencies of resistance to some of the antimicrobials tested and in the rates of multi‐drug resistance among the strains producing potential virulence factors and non‐fimbriated, non‐toxigenic,eae‐negative strains were found. Most of the strains showed multi‐resistance: 76.9 >% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, 67.7 % were resistant to at least four antibiotics and 50.3 % were resistant to at least six antibiotics.
Effect of Intramammary Infusion of Tumour Necrosis Factor‐α on Milk Protein Composition and Induction of Acute‐Phase Protein in the Lactating Cow
Authors: Watanabe A. , Yagi Y. , Shiono H. , Yokomizo Y. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) on lactating bovine mammary functions such as milk protein secretion and the integrity of the milk‐blood barrier. The effect on the induction of the systemic inflammatory response was also examined using concentrations of serum haptoglobin (Hp), a major inflammatory acute‐phase protein, as an index. One hundred micrograms per mammary gland of recombinant bovine (rBo) TNF‐α or placebo saline was individually infused into a rear mammary gland of each of four lactating cows, and milk and blood samples were collected before and 4, 8, 24, 32, 48, 96 and 168 h after infusion. In the rBoTNF‐α‐infused gland, increases of somatic cell counts were observed at 4–48 h. Although concentrations of total milk protein were not changed, compositions of milk proteins varied following rBoTNF‐α infusion. Concentrations of caseins, α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin were significantly decreased at 4 and 8 h. Lactoferrin concentrations were significantly increased at 4 h. Significant infiltrations of serum albumin, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 were observed at 4 and 8 h. Elevations of the serum concentration of Hp were detected at 8‐32 h, but were very small in comparison with those reported in inflammatory diseases. Changes in rectal temperature and white blood cell counts were not significant. These results show that single rBoTNF‐α infusion into the lactating mammary gland suppresses the lactogenic function of the gland and influences the function of the milk‐blood barrier, with little effect on the generalized inflammatory response.
Occurrence of Chlamydiae in the Genital Tracts of Sows at Slaughter and their Possible Significance for Reproductive Failure
Authors: Busch M. , Thoma R. , Schiller I. , Corboz L. , Pospischil A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate further the role of chlamydiae as pathogens in the genital tracts of sows at slaughter. Genital tracts of 101 randomly selected sows were collected and specimens of genital tract localizations were systematically examined for chlamydiae using immunohistochemistry and PCR. In the genital tracts of 10 sows,Chlamydia psittaciDNA was detected by PCR, and was further typed as ‘serotype 1’ in nine cases and as avian strain 6 BC in one animal. However, all specimens examined by immunohistochemistry were negative for chlamydiae. Pooled samples of scalding tank water were additionally investigated for 95 animals. Of these samples, 63.2 % contained chlamydial DNA, mostlyC. trachomatis, and in one sampleC. psittaci‘serotype 1’. Although in most cases contamination through influx of faecally contaminated scalding water is a possible reason for the positive PCR results in the genital tract, latent infection cannot be excluded. In conclusion, the results obtained suggest that chlamydiae are of no or only minor importance in the examined group of Swiss breeding sows. Nevertheless, the role and significance of chlamydiae as pathogens in porcine reproductive disorders remain unresolved and require further investigation.
Survey of Porcine Rotavirus G and P Genotype in Poland and the United States Using RT‐PCR
Authors: Winiarczyk S. , Paul P. S. , Mummidi S. , Panek R. , Gradzki Z. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPorcine rotaviruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis. Several serotypes have been detected based on the two surface proteins VP4 (P‐types) and VP7 (G‐types). However, limited studies have been performed on the relative frequency of rotavirus types in diarrhetic pigs primarily because of the lack of availability of suitable methods. In this study, we describe a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method for the typing of P and G types of rotavirus. This method allowed to detect G and P types in 96.8 and 87.1% of isolates collected in the United States, respectively and in 54.5 and 38.6% of isolates collected in Poland, respectively. Within the US specimens the G3, G4, G5, G9 and G10 types were detected in combination with P6 and P7 types while among Polish specimens only G3, G4 and G5 types in combination with P6 and P7 types were identified. In both instances the G4 and G5 were the most prevalent types. These studies show that a RT‐PCR typing method is suitable for molecular epidemiological studies and that there is more diversity among porcine rotavirus than previously reported.
Field Evaluation of the Effect of In‐Feed Doxycycline for the Control of Ileitis in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Kyriakis S. C. , Bourtzi‐Hatzopoulou E. , Alexopoulos C. , Kritas S. K. , Polyzopoulou Z. , Lekkas S. , Gardey L. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of in‐feed doxycycline (DOXY) on the control of ileitis in weaned piglets. On a farm with a previous history of ileitis outbreaks, 288 piglets at the age of weaning (25 ± 2 days old) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprising three pens with 24 piglets in each pen. Non‐medicated animals served as negative control (NC) group, whereas groups DOXY‐50, DOXY‐125 and DOXY‐250 received doxycycline via feed at 50, 125 and 250 ppm, respectively. Therapy lasted for 14 days followed by an observation period of 28 days. In conclusion, administration of doxycycline at a dose rate of 125 or 250 ppm had beneficial effect compared with the NC group, in terms of the reduction of diarrhoea prevalence, the enhancement of growth performance and the reduction of prevalence ofLawsonia intracellularisin the intestine, as shown either by the PCR method or by specific histopathological examinations. Treatment with 250 ppm of doxycycline for a fortnight interval post‐weaning seems to be beneficial leading to better growth rates of piglets not only during treatment period, but also throughout the whole nursery phase.
Assessment of Respiratory Herd Health in Weaner Pigs by Measuring Cellular Composition of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Authors: Mombarg M. J. , Niewold T. A. , Stockhofe‐Zurwieden N. , van Leengoed L. A. M. G. , Verheijden J. H. M. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Cell differentiation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was compared among 11 herds having a history of recurrent respiratory disease in weaner pigs and nine herds lacking such a history. In every herd, 20 pigs aged 8–10 weeks were lavaged. The two groups differed significantly on median percentage of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes, but not on white blood cell count of the BALF. Logistic regression showed the percentage of samples per herd exceeding the reference value for neutrophils of 0–8% to be the most promising parameter to assess the health status in weaner pigs.
Seasonal and Between‐Substrate  Variation in Mobile Epifaunal Community in a Multispecific Seagrass Bed of  Otsuchi Bay, Japan
Authors: Nakaoka Masahiro , Toyohara Tetsuhiko , Matsumasa Masatoshi 
Published: March 2003

Abstract.A seagrass bed in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan, consists of three seagrass species (Zostera marina, Z. caulescensandZ. caespitosa) that differ in morphology and phenology. We studied the mobile epifaunal community in the seagrass bed to examine (1) whether seasonal and between‐substrate variation in the epifaunal community agrees with variation in seagrass abundance and morphological complexity, and (2) whether patterns of seasonal and between‐substrate variation vary among epifaunal species. We collected mobile epifauna from each ofZ. marinaandZ. caulescenson 11 occasions between October 1995 and November 1996 (at 1 – 1.5 month intervals) using a hand‐closing net. A total of 9 842 individuals of mobile epiphytic animals were collected and they were classified into 80 taxa. Abundance and species richness of the epifaunal community were high in summer to autumn and low in winter to spring, and diversity index and evenness were higher inZ. marinathanZ. caulescens. However, patterns of seasonal and between‐substrate variation in these parameters did not parallel those in seagrass abundance and complexity. Most of the dominant epifaunal species showed significant seasonal and between‐substrate variation in abundance, although their patterns varied greatly among individual species. A cluster analysis recognized several distinct groups of animals showing similar seasonal and between‐substrate variation. Our findings suggest that the observed variation in the epifaunal community is not determined by a single or some strong external factors but by complex interactions of multiple factors operating differently for each component species.
Selection and genetic improvement of pollen fertility restorer lines with Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm in common wheat
Authors: Zhou W. C. , Zhao Y. H. , Zou M. L. , Wang S. W. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe paper summarizes the selection and improvement of pollen fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male‐sterile lines during the past 30 years at Jiangsu Province, China. A fertility restorer line (R16) with a good history of strong and stable restoring ability to different sterile lines was bred by accumulating fertility‐restoring genes from derivatives of T797 and other restorer lines such as Primepi. A series of well‐performing restorer lines with similar fertility‐restoring ability has been bred by improving agronomic characters, disease‐resistance and kernel size of R16. The restoring ability of these restorer lines using different male‐sterile lines demonstrates that fertility restoration is no longer an obstacle for commercial utilization of hybrid wheat with the Triticum timopheeviii cytoplasmic male‐sterile system. Line 2114 is a restorer with a single restoring gene transferred from Aegilops umbellulata. Its restoring ability, using both difficult and easily restored lines was 82% and 93.3% respectively. Maiyou No. 5, one hybrid variety, showed 13.2% yield advantage over the control variety in the Jiangsu Province registration test in 1997‐1998 and was superior to nine other varieties adapted to the Jiangsu Province.
Thewigene causes genic male sterility inAllium choenoprasum
Authors: Engelke T. , Tatlioglu T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSegregation studies following the transfer of the genewito different cytoplasm types, which have been distinguished by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using mitochondrial gene probes, revealed the formation of the wi‐sterility in each of the four cytoplasms examined. The male sterility is therefore only caused by the nuclearwigene, i.e. an additional factor of a specific cytoplasm can be excluded. Hence, the wi‐sterility proved to be a genic male sterility (GMS) and not a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The expression of the wi‐sterility appears to be stable, since it is not affected by high temperatures or tetracycline. Accordingly, a temporary pollen production, which would allow self‐fertilization for the maintenance of sterile lines, cannot be induced by controlling these environmental factors. In terms of hybrid breeding, this GMS therefore has no advantage over the previously described CMS system.
Molecular and chemical analysis of β‐amylase‐less mutant barley in Tibet
Authors: Kaneko T. , Kihara M. , Ito K. , Takeda K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe molecular and biochemical aspects of Tibetan β‐amylase‐less mutant barley were investigated. An enzyme assay showed that there were eight β‐amylase‐less mutant lines in the Tibetan landrace barley. Following Southern analysis and polymerase chain reaction, it is suggested that these mutants result from the same insert mutation in the latter part of the β‐amylase structural gene. The α‐glucosidase activity level of the mutant line was high in the initial period of germination, and the glucose ratio in the sugar conformation was remarkably high in the germinated seed of the mutant line. These results suggest that this β‐amylase‐less mutant line could be a new breeding material for beer production.
Oxidative stress indicators as selection tools for salt tolerance
Authors: Luna C. , Garcia‐Seffino L. , Arias C. , Taleisnik E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOxidative stress indicators, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll retention, were tested as tools for salt‐tolerance screening in Chloris gayana (Kunth), a forage grass exhibiting inter‐ and intra‐cultivar variability in the response to salt stress. Three types of experimental system were compared, salt shock, gradual salt treatment and leaf segments floated on control and saline solutions. Results followed the same trend in the three systems, but leaf segments or gradually salinized plants are the most convenient. Lower mean MDA and higher mean chlorophyll content were found under salinity in cv. ‘Katambora’, which is considered, from previous field trials, to be more salt tolerant than cv. ‘Boma’. Nevertheless, chlorophyll content did not give consistent results in other tests and it is not recommended for selection purposes. Within cv. ‘Boma’, clones rating higher in a salt tolerance evaluation under greenhouse conditions had lower MDA content under salinity and lower mean MDA ratios between salt‐treated and control samples. The survival of 80‘Boma’ plants under increasing NaCl concentration was assessed and MDA was measured in the leaves of very plant before the final NaCl level was reached, to assess whether it was predictive of survival capability. MDA values were significantly lower in the group surviving longer, thus, a selection based on low MDA values would have enriched the original population with more tolerant individuals.
Assessment of partial resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat varieties
Authors: Yu D. Z. , Yang X. J. , Yang L. J. , Jeger M. J. , Brown J. K. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractField trials in two cropping seasons and two locations in central China were conducted on 60 Chinese autumn‐sown wheat varieties to assess their partial resistance to powdery mildew. Mean levels of disease severity ranged from close to 0 to more than 90%. The method of inoculation and the location in which trials were conducted affected the relative performance of the varieties, but these effects were much smaller than the main effect of variety. The area under the disease progress curve was highly correlated with final disease severity, but both were poorly correlated with apparent infection rate. Disease severity was regressed against frequencies of virulence in the Blumeria graminis (syn. Erysiphe graminis) f sp. tritici populations in the trial plots. A vertical distance (D) from the mean mildew severity to the fitted line was calculated for each variety and was used to quantify partial resistance. Five of the 60 varieties, ‘Hx8541’, ‘E28547’, ‘Chuan1066’, ‘Zhe88pin6’ and ‘Lin5064’, consistently expressed relatively low levels of disease despite high frequencies of virulence in the pathogen and had consistently high D‐values. They may therefore have good levels of partial resistance.
Homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA with enhanced resistance to the rice sap‐sucking pest Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Wu A. , Sun X. , Pang Y. , Tang K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHomozygous transgenic rice lines expressing snowdrop lectin, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), were investigated for resistance to the rice small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, an important rice sap‐sucking pest causing yield losses and serving as vector for some important rice viruses. Insect bioassay results revealed that both the GNA‐expressing homozygous lines tested significantly inhibited SBPH by decreasing its survival, its overall fecundity and retarding development. This is the first report on homozygous transgenic rice lines expressing GNA conferring enhanced resistance to SBPH. This result suggests that transgenic rice expressing GNA will be useful in rice pest resistance breeding, as an alternative to conventional breeding for the control of SBPH, and potentially alleviating damage caused by the viruses it transmits.
Quantitative‐genetic analysis of leaf‐rust resistance in seedling and adult‐plant stages of inbred lines and their testcrosses in winter rye
Authors: Miedaner T. , Gey A.‐K. M. , Sperling U. , Geiger H. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLeaf rust is the most frequent leaf disease of winter rye in Germany. All widely grown population and hybrid varieties are susceptible. This study was undertaken to estimate quantitative‐genetic parameters of leaf‐rust resistance in self‐fertile breeding materials with introgressed foreign leaf‐rust resistances and to analyze the relative importance of seedling and adult‐plant resistance. Forty‐four inbred lines and their corresponding testcrosses with a highly susceptible tester line were grown in a field in four different environments (location‐year combinations) with artificial inoculation. Plots were separated by a nonhost to promote autoinfections and minimize interplot interference. Leaf‐rust severity was rated on three leaf insertions at three dates. The testcrosses showed a considerably higher disease severity than the lines. High correlations (r ≅ 0.9, P = 0.01) existed among the leaf insertions and the rating dates. Large genotypic variation for resistance was found in both the inbred and testcross populations. Genotype‐environment interaction and error variances were of minor importance, thus high entry‐mean heritabilities were achieved. A tight correlation between the inbreds and their corresponding testcrosses was found (r = 0.88, P = 0.01). Heterosis for resistance was significant (P = 0.05), but not very important. In a seedling test with 20—30 single‐pustule isolates, 34 out of 44 inbreds reacted race‐specifically. From the remaining inbred lines, three were medium and seven highly susceptible. In a further greenhouse test with 16 inbreds, seven were susceptible and five were resistant in both seedling and adult‐plant stages. The remaining four lines had adult‐plant resistance. In conclusion, race‐specific leaf‐rust resistance can be selected among inbred lines per se. Lines should also be tested in the adult‐plant stage.