bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of models for predicting preterm birth and gestational latency following emergency cervical cerclage: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhao Baihui , Pan Yu , Chen Lujiao , Yang Xiaofu , Lv Min , Qiu Liping , Yang Mengmeng , Ying Xia , Wang Minmin , Wang Huanhuan , Chen Xiuying , Zhang Xiaoxing , Weng Xiaofeng , Luo Qiong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionEmergency cervical cerclage is a recognized method for preventing mid‐trimester pregnancy loss and premature birth; however, its benefits remain controversial. This study aimed to establish preoperative models predicting preterm birth and gestational latency following emergency cervical cerclage in singleton pregnant patients with a high risk of preterm birth.Material and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from patients who received emergency cerclage between 2015 and 2023 in three institutions. Patients were grouped into a derivation cohort (n = 141) and an independent validation cohort (n = 61). Univariate and multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent predictive variables and establish the models. Harrell's C‐index, time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curves, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses were performed to assess the models.ResultsThe models incorporated gestational weeks at cerclage placement, history of prior second‐trimester loss and/or preterm birth, cervical dilation, and preoperative C‐reactive protein level. The C‐index of the model for predicting preterm birth before 28 weeks was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82–0.93) in the derivation cohort and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.92) in the independent validation cohort; The C‐index of the model for predicting gestational latency was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.66–0.75) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.84), respectively. In the derivation set, the areas under the curves were 0.84, 0.81, and 0.84 for predicting 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐week pregnancy prolongation, respectively. The corresponding values for the external validation were 0.78, 0.78, and 0.79, respectively. Calibration curves showed a good homogeneity between the observed and predicted ongoing pregnant probabilities. Decision curve analyses revealed satisfactory clinical usefulness.ConclusionsThese novel models provide reliable and valuable prognostic predictions for patients undergoing emergency cerclage. The models can assist clinicians and patients in making personalized clinical decisions before opting for the cervical cerclage.
Impact of cataract surgery on cognitive impairment in older people
Authors: Yoshida Yuto , Ono Koichi , Sekimoto Shinichiro , Umeya Reiko , Hiratsuka Yoshimune 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the impact of cataract surgery on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in older people.MethodsThis prospective observational study included patients aged 75 years and older who underwent cataract surgery between 2019 and 2021. Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and MMSE for the visually impaired (MMSE‐blind) were measured to evaluate cognitive function before and 3 months after cataract surgery. MMSE score at baseline was used to categorize patients into dementia (MMSE ≤ 23) and MCI groups (23 < MMSE ≤ 27). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between improvement in cognitive function and other factors.ResultsOf 132 patients screened for inclusion in the study, 88 met the inclusion criteria; 39 patients were assigned to the dementia group (mean age, 85.7 ± 4.2 years) and 49 to the MCI group (mean age, 84.2 ± 3.4 years). The MCI group showed significant improvement from before to after surgery in the MMSE score (25.65 ± 1.03 vs. 27.08 ± 1.99, respectively, p < 0.001) and MMSE‐blind score (18.04 ± 1.14 vs. 19.41 ± 2.01, respectively, p < 0.001). Cognitive function improved significantly in the MCI group compared with the dementia group (odds ratio, 2.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–7.97; and p = 0.046).ConclusionsCataract surgery significantly increases cognitive test scores in older patients with MCI. After cataract surgery, the likelihood of improvement in cognitive function may be highly dependent on a patient's preoperative cognitive state.
Declining frequency of sensitization to fragrance mixes I and II: IVDK‐data of the years 2012–2021
Authors: Geier Johannes , Schubert Steffen , Rieker‐Schwienbacher Juliane , Brans Richard , Weisshaar Elke , Kränke Birger , Brockow Knut , Ruёff Franziska , Recke Andreas , Uter Wolfgang ,   for the IVDK
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEU Commission Regulation 2017/1410 prohibits using atranol and chloroatranol, the main allergens in Evernia prunastri (oakmoss), and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) in cosmetic products. Oakmoss absolute is contained in fragrance mix (FM) I and HICC in FM II which are patch tested as screening mixtures in the baseline series.ObjectiveTo describe the time trends of reaction frequencies to both FMs as well as to their components in FM‐positive patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), 2012–2021.ResultsPositive reactions to FM I (FM II) declined from 9.1% (4.7%) in 2012 to 4.6% (3.0%) in 2021. Full breakdown tests were performed in 24% (FM I) and 31% (FM II), respectively, of the mix‐positive patients. From this data, frequencies of sensitization to the 14 single fragrances of FM I and FM II were calculated. For the majority, a decline was noted from 2012/2013 to 2020/2021, for oakmoss absolute 1.9%–0.8% and for HICC 1.8%–0.9%.ConclusionEU Commission Regulation 2017/1410 was an effective measure. However, our data have some limitations, possibly causing underestimation of sensitization frequencies to fragrances.
How do cytopathologists learn fine needle aspiration techniques? An international survey
Authors: Alcaraz‐Mateos Eduardo , Exposito‐Afonso Idaira Jael , Labiano‐Miravalles Tania , Pijuan Lara , Temprana‐Salvador Jordi , Zhao Qing , Jiang Xiaoyin “Sara” 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely accepted diagnostic technique, but performance varies according to expertise. Little is known about variation in FNAC training practices worldwide. We surveyed pathologists using social media networks to determine FNAC training practices internationally.DesignPathologists were surveyed on questions related to FNAC simulation training using direct messaging on the Twitter and WhatsApp platforms. Survey responses over a period of 2 weeks were collected.ResultsIn total, 149 pathologists participated (96.1% response rate). The respondents came from 24 countries and 87 institutions. The majority of the pathologists (63.8%) performed FNAC directly on patients for the first time. Only 36.2% of them had simulation instruction during their training. It was performed on food items such as fruit (64.8%), surgical specimens (37.0%), autopsies (13.0%) and others (9.3%), including commercially available phantom simulators for ultrasound‐guided FNAC (US‐FNAC) (two pathologists).DiscussionMost pathologists did not receive formal training in a simulated environment, and of the pathologists who had simulation instruction, food items were commonly used for education. A few participants used a commercial US‐FNAC simulator, but since most pathologists perform FNAC by palpation, this method of simulation training is not applicable to many practices. Social media is an effective and efficient way to perform survey research, yielding a very high response rate.
Parents who inject drugs: Demographics, care arrangements and correlates for child placement in out‐of‐home care
Authors: Chan Jocelyn , Ward Bernadette , Maher Lisa , Crawford Sione , Stoové Mark , Dietze Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildren in families affected by substance use disorders are at high risk of being placed in out‐of‐home care (OOHC). We aimed to describe the characteristics of parents who inject drugs and identify correlates associated with child placement in OOHC.MethodsWe used baseline data from a community‐based cohort of parents who inject drugs (SuperMIX) from Melbourne, Australia. Participants were recruited via convenience, respondent‐driven and snowball sampling from April 2008 to November 2020, with follow‐up until March 2021. To explore correlates associated with child placement to OOHC, we used multivariable logistic regression and assessed for potential interactions between gender and a range of relevant covariates.ResultsOf the 1067 participants, 611 (57%) reported being parents. Fifty‐six percent of parents reported child protection involvement. Almost half (49%) had children in OOHC. Nearly half of the parents lived in unstable accommodation (44%) and many of them experienced moderate–severe levels of anxiety (48%) and depression (53%). Female or non‐binary gender, identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, experiencing assault and having more children were associated with child removal to OOHC. Of the 563 participants who reported their own childhood care status, 135 (24%) reported they had been removed to OOHC.Discussion and ConclusionsWe identified high rates of child placement in OOHC among parents who inject drugs. There is a need for targeted health and social services, that are gender and culturally responsive, in addition to systems‐level interventions addressing social inequities, such as housing, to support parents to care for their children.
Population genetic patterns across the native and invasive range of a widely distributed seagrass: Phylogeographic structure, invasive history and conservation implications
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Li Yu‐Long , Kaldy James E. , Suonan Zhaxi , Komatsu Teruhisa , Xu Shaochun , Xu Min , Wang Feng , Liu Peng , Liu Xujia , Yue Shidong , Zhang Yu , Lee Kun‐Seop , Liu Jin‐Xian , Zhou Yi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe seagrass Zostera japonica is a dramatically declined endemic species in the Northwestern Pacific from the (sub)tropical to temperate areas, however, it is also an introduced species along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to northern California. Understanding the population's genetic patterns can inform the conservation and management of this species.LocationNorth Pacific.MethodsWe used sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast trnK intron maturase (matK), and 24 microsatellite loci to survey 34 native and nonnative populations (>1000 individuals) of Z. japonica throughout the entire biogeographic range. We analysed the phylogeographic relationship, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of all populations and inferred possible origins and invasion pathways of the nonnative ones.ResultsAll markers revealed a surprising and significant deep divergence between northern and southern populations of Z. japonica in the native region separated by a well‐established biogeographical boundary. A secondary contact zone was found along the coasts of South Korea and Japan. Nonnative populations were found to originate from the central Pacific coast of Japan with multiple introductions from at least two different source populations, and secondary spread was likely aided by waterfowl.Main ConclusionsThe divergence of the two distinct clades was likely due to the combined effects of historical isolation, adaptation to distinct environments and a contemporary physical barrier created by the Yangtze River, and the warm northward Kuroshio Current led to secondary contact after glacial separation. Existing exchanges among the nonnative populations indicate the potential for persistence and further expansion. This study not only helps to understand the underlying evolutionary potential of a widespread seagrass species following global climate change but also provides valuable insights for conservation and restoration.
What's Wrong with Tuition‐Free Four‐Year Public College?
Authors: Brighouse Harry , Mullane Kailey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdvocates of tuition‐free four‐year public college make the argument for it too easy by asserting that it would be paid for out of taxes on the wealthy. Other uses of the revenues are possible. In this paper, Harry Brighouse and Kailey Mullane establish two criteria for comparing different uses of the revenues: the first criterion is, will the policy increase the overall level of educational goods?, and the second is, will the policy reduce inequalities of educational goods? Here, Brighouse and Mullane compare tuition‐free four‐year public college with two alternatives: (1) spending the revenues in pre‐K and K‐12, and (2) spending them on expanding the Pell Grant Program. Both alternatives are superior with respect to reducing inequalities, and spending in pre‐K and K‐12 is superior with respect to increasing the overall level of educational goods. While on some assumptions tuition‐free four‐year public college might prove better than expanding Pell Grants at increasing the overall level of educational goods, there are good reasons, nevertheless, to prefer expanding Pell Grants.
Educational Case Studies and Speaking for Others
Authors: Morton Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe have good reasons to be concerned about the underrepresentation of historically marginalized people's perspectives from philosophical and academic discourse. Normative case studies provide a potential avenue through which we can address this lack of diversity. However, there is a risk that those who engage in this kind of project are “speaking for others” in ways that reproduce the inequalities we seek to remedy. While this challenge cannot be avoided, Jennifer Morton discusses here how the problem can be mitigated by conceiving of normative case studies as a way to facilitate dialogue within our classrooms and with communities outside the academy.
System quality in early childhood care and education in Jamaica: Implications for policy
Authors: Kinkead‐Clark Zoyah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite steady investment to improve early childhood progammes in recent years, many Jamaican early childhood institutions are ill‐prepared or unable to adequately meet the developmental needs of children for a number of reasons. Such schools are often labelled as failing or low quality. While teachers and schools are often blamed for this, an overlooked consideration in all this however is the preparedness of the existing systems, structures and policies to support the Early Childhood sector to carry out its function. [Corrections made on 30 April 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, ‘systems and policies’ has been corrected to ‘systems, structures and policies’ and ‘their function’ has been corrected to ‘its function’ in this version.] This article examines system quality in Early Childhood Care and Education and the implications for policy. System quality is an important yet often overlooked aspect of education. Four aspects of system quality were examined in this paper; the forms and dimensions of ECCE, the financing of ECCE and Laws and Regulations governing the system and current priorities relevant to ECCE. The gaps and strengths in the system are examined as well as implications of these on Early Childhood Care and Education policies are discussed.
Real‐world treatment patterns in patients initiating third‐line therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, France, and Spain
Authors: Lehne Moritz , Kortüm K. Martin , Ramasamy Karthik , Zamagni Elena , d'Estrubé Tim , Zhuleku Evi , Hanna Maya , Shukla Soham , Ghiani Marco , Maywald Ulf , Wilke Thomas , Kellermann Lenka , Perera Sue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo retrospectively analyze real‐world treatment patterns in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who initiated third‐line treatment in Europe.MethodsGerman and Italian administrative claims data were sourced from the German AOK PLUS health insurance fund and Italian local health units (2016–2020). Data for the United Kingdom (UK), France, and Spain were sourced from medical chart reviews (MCRs) from 2016 to 2018 (historical) and 2019 to 2021 (new) using electronic case report forms.ResultsAcross all countries, immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD)‐based regimens were prominent in the third‐line setting. From 2016 to 2020, lenalidomide‐dexamethasone was most common in Italy (18.0%) and Germany (12.7%). From 2019 to 2021, the most common regimen was ixazomib‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (67.5%) in the UK, pomalidomide‐dexamethasone (17.1%) in France, and daratumumab‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone (15.0%) in Spain.In the historical data (2016–2018), third‐line lenalidomide‐ and pomalidomide‐dexamethasone doublet use across the UK (>47%), France (>46%), and Spain (>33%) was high. From historical to new, triplet use increased in Spain (>19% to >60%) as did anti‐CD38 agent use in France (15.1% to 51.9%) and Spain (19.7% to 42.1%).ConclusionsFrom 2016 to 2021, third‐line regimens were mostly IMiD based. The MCR data demonstrated evolving treatment choices from 2016 to 2018 and 2019 to 2021, providing insights into uptake of novel agents and current RRMM European clinical practice.
Continent‐wide parallel urban evolution of increased heat tolerance in a common moth
Authors: Merckx Thomas , Nielsen Matthew E. , Kankaanpää Tuomas , Kadlec Tomáš , Yazdanian Mahtab , Kivelä Sami M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrbanization and its urban‐heat‐island effect (UHI) have expanding footprints worldwide. The UHI means that urban habitats experience a higher mean and more frequent extreme high temperatures than rural habitats, impacting the ontogeny and resilience of urban biodiversity. However, many organisms occupy different microhabitats during different life stages and thus may experience the UHI differently across their development. While evolutionary changes in heat tolerance in line with the UHI have been demonstrated, it is unknown whether such evolutionary responses can vary across development. Here, using common‐garden‐reared Chiasmia clathrata moths from urban and rural populations from three European countries, we tested for urban evolution of heat shock tolerance in two life stages: larvae and adults. Our results indicate widespread urban evolution of increased heat tolerance in the adult stage only, suggesting that the UHI may be a stronger selective agent in adults. We also found that the difference in heat tolerance between urban and rural populations was similar to the difference between Mid‐ and North‐European regions, suggesting similarity between adaptation to the UHI and natural, latitudinal temperature variation. Our observations incentivize further research to quantify the impact of these UHI adaptations on fitness during urbanization and climate change, and to check whether life‐stage‐specific adaptations in heat tolerance are typical of other ectothermic species that manage to survive in urbanized settings.
Associations between turn out practices and rates of musculoskeletal disease and injury in Thoroughbred foals and yearlings on stud farms in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mouncey Rebecca , Arango‐Sabogal Juan C. , de Mestre Amanda , Verheyen Kristien L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐life locomotor activity during turn out may alter susceptibility to musculoskeletal disease and injury via modulation of behaviours and tissue development during growth.ObjectivesInvestigate associations between turn out practices and rates of musculoskeletal disease and injury in young Thoroughbreds on stud farms in the United Kingdom.Study designProspective cohort.MethodsDaily records were kept on location and duration of turn out for 134 Thoroughbred foals on six stud farms, from birth until leaving the farm or study exit. Data on veterinary‐attended episodes of musculoskeletal disease or injury were collated concurrently. Average daily turn out times (hours), areas (acres) and group size (n foals) were calculated for rolling 7‐ and 30‐day periods of age. Multivariable Cox regression, including farm as a random effect, was used to investigate associations between turn out practices and musculoskeletal disease and injury.ResultsThe overall incidence of musculoskeletal disease or injury was 5.3 cases/100 foal‐months at risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2–6.6). Compared with 24/7 turn out, average daily turn out times of between 9 and 23 hours over a 7‐day period were associated with a 4.6‐fold increase in musculoskeletal injury rate (95% CI: 1.7–12.3; P < 0.001), adjusting for farm and paddock area. Each 1‐acre increase in the average daily turn out area during the 4th month of life, reduced the rate of musculoskeletal disease and injury between 6 and 18 months of age by 24% (hazard ratio 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99; P < 0.001), adjusting for farm and turn out time.Main limitationsNon‐random sample of participants may affect generalisability. Use of veterinary‐attended events likely underestimates disease/injury rates.ConclusionsResults suggest that disruptions or alterations to turn out time routines increase injury risk and should be avoided where possible. Turn out in larger paddocks, particularly before weaning, may confer protection against subsequent musculoskeletal disease and injury.
Reproduction of efficiency through management accounting practices: Socio‐economic, environmental, and human consequences of NPM reforms
Authors: Barrios‐Álvarez Claudia , Adhikari Pawan , Salifu Ekililu , Gómez‐Mejía Alina , Giraldo‐Villano Ximena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUsing Giddens (1984) structuration theory (ST), in this paper we illustrate how the efficiency‐driven approaches adopted by a large stated‐owned public company in Latin America (Latin American Multiutility Conglomerate [LAMC]) implicitly resulted in triggering a dam disaster with far‐reaching socio‐economic, environmental, and human consequences. Data for the study were derived through document analysis and conducting unstructured, semi‐structured, and email interviews. Our findings show that the internalization of efficiency as a corporate value at LAMC was further rationalized through the adoption of new public management (NPM)‐based management accounting practices (MAPs) embedded within the market‐led development approach. These MAPs connected agencies and structures in a dialectic way and continued reproducing efficiency through day‐to‐day operations and by enabling the company to champion itself as a successful NPM adopter. However, throughout this process, the socio‐environmental and human costs relating to “the dam project” were overlooked, making the disaster inevitable. The paper questions the market‐led development approach, and NPM‐based MAPs, and calls for further empirical work delineating how MAPs can be implicated in public value creation and promoting publicness in emerging economies. Such work is of paramount importance not only to prevent the “unexpected and unwanted effects of public sector accounting” under NPM and market‐led development but also to save the lives and livelihoods of poor and vulnerable community members in emerging economies.