bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling major ions and trace elements to turbidity dynamics for allogenic contribution assessment in a binary karst system (Sierra de Ubrique, S Spain)
Authors: Fernández-Ortega Jaime , Barberá Juan Antonio , Andreo Bartolomé 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis investigation deals with the application of a multi-technique approach combining data from turbidity, major ions, and trace elements to characterize the implications of allogenic recharge in a binary karst system and assess the relative hydrochemical contribution to karst springs captured for drinking use. Hydrodynamic and hydrochemical responses of the outlets to storm events were continuously monitored during four selected flooding events, and water samples were collected at the main sinking stream in the recharge area and discharge points (Cornicabra and Algarrobal springs) for chemical analysis. The obtained hydrogeochemical dataset was analyzed through mean of time-series and statistical analysis and allowed to describe the fate and origin of trace elements. Despite that most of analyzed components present a natural origin, the existence of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in the recharge area was determined to be the main source of P (phosphorus) concentrations measured in the karst springs. Sediment (particulate) transport constitutes the most important factor in the mobilization of Al, Mn, Ni, and Ba in both surface and groundwater, whilst Li, Sr, and P are mainly controlled by solute migration. The hydrochemical signature of allogenic water component was constrained by identifying characteristic correlations between Ba and Ca/Sr ratio in water samples. The combination of specific hydrogeological processes as ion solution and sorption processes onto solids between solutes and particles as well as water mixing processes (allogenic vs diffuse) result more evident in Algarrobal spring, which receives a higher contribution of allogenic component due to a greater feeding catchment.
A comprehensive prognostic score for head and neck squamous cancer driver genes and phenotype traits
Authors: Zeng Wen , Xie Fangfang , Pan Yiyun , Chen Zhengcong , Chen Hailong , Liu Xiaomei , Tian Keqiang , Xu Dechang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC) presents variable phenotype and progression features. Clinically applicable, high-accuracy multifactorial prognostic models for HNSCC survival outcomes are warranted and an active area of research. This study aimed to construct a comprehensive prognostic tool for HNSCC overall survival by integrating cancer driver genes with tumor clinical and phenotype information.MethodsKey overall survival-related cancer driver genes were screened from among main effector and reciprocal gene pairs using TCGA data using univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Independent validation was performed using the GSE41613 dataset. The main effector genes among these were selected using LASSO regression and transcriptome score modeling was performed using multivariate Cox regression followed by validation analysis of the prognostic score. Next, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed using the transcriptome score combined with age, grade, gender, and stage. An ‘Accurate Prediction Model of HNSCC Overall Survival Score’ (APMHO) was computed and validated. Enriched functional pathways, gene mutational landscape, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy sensitivity markers associated with high and low APMHO scores were analyzed.ResultsScreening 107 overall survival-related cancer genes and 402 interacting gene pairs, 6 genes: CRLF2, HSP90AA1, MAP2K1, PAFAH1B2, MYCL and SET genes, were identified and a transcriptional score was obtained. Age, stage and transcriptional score were found to be significant predictors in Cox regression analysis and used to construct a final APMHO model showing an AUC > 0.65 and validated. Transcriptional score, age, pathologic_N, pathologic_T, stage, and TCGA_subtype were significantly different in distribution between high and low APMHO groups. High APMHO samples showed significantly higher mutation rate, enriched tumor-related pathways including Hypoxia, unfold_protein_response, Glycolysis, and mTORC1 signaling, along with differences in immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint, interferon-γ pathway and m6A regulator expression patterns.ConclusionThe APMHO score combining transcriptional and clinical variables showed good prognostic ability for HNSCC overall survival outcomes and was associated with different patterns of phenotypical features, immune and mutational landscape, and immunotherapy sensitivity marker expression. Future studies should validate this score in independent clinical cohorts.
Automatic detection of delamination on tunnel lining surfaces from laser 3D point cloud data by 3D features and a support vector machine
Authors: Mizutani Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Yamamoto Kazutomo , Ishida Tetsuya , Nagata Yoshifumi , Kawamura Hinari , Tokuno Tomoaki , Suzuki Kiyoshi , Yamaguchi Yuya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA completely automatic algorithm for accurately detecting delamination on tunnel concrete lining surfaces using laser 3D point cloud data is first proposed to facilitate tunnel lining inspection. A mobile mapping system (MMS), which mounts laser sensors and a positioning system, is utilized to measure the geometries of the surfaces at high speed. The algorithm consists of two steps: extraction of the 3D shapes of anomalies and discrimination of delamination from appendages by a support vector machine (SVM). The article focusses on the second step. On tunnel linings, there are many conspicuous appendages such as cables, lights, signs, and water guides which mask the features of delamination. In this study, straightness, a novel 3D feature, is introduced to realize accurate discrimination. An automatic algorithm based on the SVM is developed and validated using real tunnel data, showing an accurate delamination map.
Stepping up foot care: assessment over foot care knowledge and behavior among individuals with diabetes of risk levels
Authors: Li Mengwen , Wei Mengyao , Han Binru , Wu Hongjuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetic foot is a global threat to public health, as it can lead to infections and amputations and cause significant pain and economic costs for patients. Diabetic foot patients in northern China have more severe local ulcers, worse prognosis, and longer disease duration.

Objective
This study assessed the foot risk levels and foot care knowledge and behavior status of people with diabetes with different foot risk levels, and investigated the factors that influence the occurrence of high-risk foot in diabetes.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey included 410 hospitalized people with diabetes. Demographic and disease-related data and foot risk stratification status were collected using investigator-designed questionnaires. Foot care knowledge and behavior questionnaires were also used.

Results
Among the 410 participants, a total of 367 cases were classified as high-risk feet, among which 135 cases were rated as grade 1, 202 cases grade 2, and 30 cases grade 3. Foot care knowledge surveys revealed low scores in the areas of shoe and sock selection, foot and footwear examination, and management of foot problems. Foot care behavior surveys showed low scores in the areas of foot and footwear examination, management of foot problems, and foot injury risk behavior. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in foot care behaviors among patients with different foot risk classifications (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in foot care knowledge scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, history of cerebrovascular disease, and foot care behavior scores were factors influencing the occurrence of high-risk foot in people with diabetes.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed a high prevalence of high-risk foot in diabetics; The knowledge and behavior of foot care in diabetics with different foot risk levels were both at a moderately low level; There were differences in foot behavior scores among patients with different foot risk classes, but, counter-intuitively, no significant differences in foot care knowledge. The study found that advanced age, history of cerebrovascular disease, and low foot care behavior scores are risk factors for high-risk foot in diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary to screen patients with diabetes for high-risk feet and implement targeted interventions according to the results.
Familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with Alport-like glomerular basement changes caused by paired box protein 2 gene variant
Authors: Yamada Yuko , Yokoyama Hiroki , Kinoshita Ryo , Kitamoto Koichi , Kawaba Yasuo , Okada Shinichi , Horie Takashi , Nagano China , Nozu Kandai , Namba Noriyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPaired box protein 2 (PAX2) gene variant causes renal coloboma syndrome (MIM#120330). Further, they are associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and characterized by basement membrane changes similar to Alport syndrome.Herein, we report an 8-year-old boy who presented with proteinuria and decreased renal function. His paternal uncle has focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal failure, and his paternal grandmother has renal failure and is receiving peritoneal dialysis. Further, his father has stage 2 chronic kidney disease. At 3 years of age, his serum creatinine-estimated glomerular filtration rate was 40–50 mL/min/1.73 m2. At 8 years of age, his renal function further decreased and he had proteinuria (urinary protein/Cr 3.39 g/g Cr). Renal histopathology showed oligonephronia and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. A partial basket-weave pattern, similar to Alport syndrome, was also observed on a transmission electron microscope, and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy revealed coarse meshwork changes in the glomerular basement membrane. Genetic analysis revealed a PAX2 heterozygous variant (NM_003987.4:c.959C  >  G), a nonsense variant in which the serine at position 320 changes to a stop codon, in our patient and his father. PAX2 is a transcription factor that is important for the podocyte variant. However, podocytes with PAX2 gene variants may cause abnormal basement membrane production and repair, thereby resulting in Alport-like changes.
BioGeoChemical‐Argo Floats Reveal Stark Latitudinal Gradient in the Southern Ocean Deep Carbon Flux Driven by Phytoplankton Community Composition
Authors: Terrats Louis , Claustre Hervé , Briggs Nathan , Poteau Antoine , Briat Benjamin , Lacour Léo , Ricour Florian , Mangin Antoine , Neukermans Griet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe gravitational sinking of particles in the mesopelagic layer (∼200–1,000 m) transfers to the deep ocean a part of atmospheric carbon fixed by phytoplankton. This process, called the gravitational pump, exerts an important control on atmospheric CO2 levels but remains poorly characterized given the limited spatio‐temporal coverage of ship‐based flux measurements. Here, we examined the gravitational pump with BioGeoChemical‐Argo floats in the Southern Ocean, a critically under‐sampled area. Using time‐series of bio‐optical measurements, we characterized the concentration of particles in the productive zone, their export and transfer efficiency in the underlying mesopelagic zone, and the magnitude of sinking flux at 1,000 m. We separated float observations into six environments delineated by latitudinal fronts, sea‐ice coverage, and natural iron fertilization. Results show a significant increase in the sinking‐particle flux at 1,000 m with increasing latitude, despite comparable particle concentrations in the productive layer. The variability in deep flux was driven by changes in the transfer efficiency of the flux, related to the composition of the phytoplanktonic community and the size of particles, with intense flux associated with the predominance of micro‐phytoplankton and large particles at the surface. We quantified the relationships between the nature of surface particles and the flux at 1,000 m and used these results to upscale our flux survey across the whole Southern Ocean using surface observations by floats and satellites. We then estimated the basin‐wide Spring‐Summer flux of sinking particles at 1,000 m over the Southern Ocean (0.054 ± 0.021 Pg C).
A New Multi‐Method Assessment of Stratospheric Sulfur Load From the Okmok II Caldera‐Forming Eruption of 43 BCE
Authors: Peccia Ally , Moussallam Yves , Plank Terry , DallaSanta Kevin , Polvani Lorenzo , Burgisser Alain , Larsen Jessica , Schaefer Janet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 43 BCE eruption of Okmok Volcano has been proposed to have had a significant climate cooling impact in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we quantify the climate cooling potential of the Okmok II eruption by measuring sulfur concentration in melt inclusions (up to 1,606 ppm) and matrix glasses and estimate a total of 62 ± 16 Tg S released. The proportion reaching the stratosphere (2.5%–25%, i.e., 1.5–15.5 Tg S) was constrained by physical modeling of the caldera‐collapse eruption. Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies E2.2 climate model we found a linear response between cooling and stratospheric sulfur load (0.05–0.08°C/Tg S). Thus, the 1–2°C of cooling derived from proxy records would require 16–32 Tg sulfur injection. This study underscores the importance of combining approaches to estimate stratospheric S load. For Okmok II, we find all methods are consistent with a range of 15–16 Tg S.
Contrasting Central Equatorial Pacific Oxygen Isotopic Signatures of the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 El Niño Events
Authors: Stevenson S. , Cobb K. M. , Merrifield M. , Powell B. , Sanchez S. , Nusbaumer J. , O’Connor G. , Atwood A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPaleoclimate reconstructions of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) behavior often rely on oxygen isotopic records from tropical corals (δ18O). However, few reef‐based observations of physical conditions during El Niño events exist, limiting our ability to interpret coral δ18O. Here we present physical and geochemical measurements from Palmyra Atoll (5.9°N, 162.1°W) from 2014–2017, along with a data assimilation product using the isotope‐enabled Regional Ocean Modeling System (isoROMS). Coral δ18O signals are comparably strong in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016; notably, over 50% of the signal is driven by seawater δ18O, not temperature. If a constant seawater δ18O:salinity relationship were present, this would imply a comparable salinity anomaly during both events. However, salinity changes are much larger during 2014–2015, indicating a highly nonstationary relationship. isoROMS then shows that advection strongly influences δ18O during both the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 El Niño, driving differences in the salinity/seawater δ18O relationship. This demonstrates the need for considering ocean dynamics when interpreting coral δ18O.
Postdepositional Behavior of Molybdenum in Deep Sediments and Implications for Paleoredox Reconstruction
Authors: Nan Jingbo , Tsang Man‐Yin , Li Jie , Köster Male , Henkel Susann , Lin Fanyu , Yao Weiqi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMolybdenum (Mo) is a trace element sensitive to oceanic redox conditions. The fidelity of sedimentary Mo as a paleoredox proxy of coeval seawater depends on the extent of Mo remobilization during postdepositional processes. Here we present the Mo content and isotope profiles for deep sediments from the Nankai Trough, Japan. The Mo signature suggests that these sediments have experienced extensive early diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration at depth. Iron (Fe)‐manganese (Mn) (oxyhydr)oxide alteration combined with Mo thiolation leads to a more than twenty‐fold enrichment of Mo within the sulfate reduction zone. Hydrothermal fluids and Mo adsorption onto Fe‐Mn (oxyhydr)oxides cause extremely negative Mo‐isotope values at the underthrust zone. These postdepositional Mo signals might be misinterpreted as expanded anoxia in the water column. Our findings highlight the importance of constraining postdepositional effects on Mo‐based proxies during paleoredox reconstruction.
Is There the Equatorial Water Mass in the Atlantic Ocean?
Authors: Zhurbas Victor , Lebedev Konstantin , Kuzmina Natalia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing temperature and salinity profiles from the Argo data repository, a detailed volumetric temperature‐salinity diagram is compiled for the upper 2,000 m layer of the Atlantic Ocean. It is generally accepted that, unlike the Pacific and Indian Oceans where the Equatorial Water is present, there is no Equatorial Water in the Atlantic Ocean and its place is occupied by the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). However, the detailed volumetric T‐S diagram shows that the main thermocline in the latitude range of 10°S–10°N is characterized by its own tight T‐S relationship which is relatively close to but clearly distinguishable from the tight T–S relationship of SACW in the latitude range of 10°S–40°S. We argue that the Atlantic Equatorial Water can be considered as a separate water mass which is probably formed by isopycnal mixing of SACW and the North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) in proportion approx. 3.5:1.
Potential Predictability of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a Superparameterized Model
Authors: Weidman Sarah , Kuang Zhiming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a promising target for improving sub‐seasonal weather forecasts. Current forecast models struggle to simulate the MJO due to imperfect convective parameterizations and mean state biases, degrading their forecast skill. Previous studies have estimated a potential MJO predictability 5–15 days higher than current forecast skill, but these estimates also use models with parameterized convection. We perform a perfect‐model predictability experiment using a superparameterized global model in which the convective parameterization is replaced by a cloud resolving model. We add a second “silent” cloud resolving component to the control simulation that independently calculates convective‐scale processes using the same large‐scale forcings. The second set of convective states are used to initialize forecasts, representing uncertainty on the convective scale. We find a potential predictability of the MJO of 35–40 days in boreal winter using a single‐member ensemble forecast.
Remote Versus Local Impacts of Energy Backscatter on the North Atlantic SST Biases in a Global Ocean Model
Authors: Chang Chiung‐Yin , Adcroft Alistair , Zanna Laure , Hallberg Robert , Griffies Stephen M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of coarse resolution and strong grid‐scale dissipation has prevented global ocean models from simulating the correct kinetic energy level. Recently parameterizing energy backscatter has been proposed to energize the model simulations. Parameterizing backscatter reduces long‐standing North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and associated surface current biases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we apply backscatter in different geographic regions to distinguish the different physical processes at play. We show that an improved Gulf Stream path is due to backscatter acting north of the Grand Banks to maintain a strong deep western boundary current. An improved North Atlantic Current path is due to backscatter acting around the Flemish Cap, with likely an improved nearby topography‐flow interactions. These results suggest that the SST improvement with backscatter is partly due to the resulted strengthening of resolved currents, whereas the role of improved eddy physics requires further research.
Active Dipping Interface of the Southern San Andreas Fault Revealed by Space Geodetic and Seismic Imaging
Authors: Vavra Ellis J. , Qiu Hongrui , Chi Benxin , Share Pieter‐Ewald , Allam Amir , Morzfeld Matthias , Vernon Frank , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Fialko Yuri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF) in California is one of the most thoroughly studied faults in the world, but its configuration at seismogenic depths remains enigmatic in the Coachella Valley. We use a combination of space geodetic and seismic observations to demonstrate that the relatively straight southernmost section of the SSAF, between Thousand Palms and Bombay Beach, is dipping to the northeast at 60–80° throughout the upper crust (<10 km), including the shallow aseismic layer. We constrain the fault attitude in the top 2–3 km using inversions of surface displacements associated with shallow creep, and seismic data from a dense nodal array crossing the fault trace near Thousand Palms. The data inversions show that the shallow dipping structure connects with clusters of seismicity at depth, indicating a continuous throughgoing fault surface. The dipping fault geometry has important implications for the long‐term fault slip rate, the intensity of ground shaking during future large earthquakes, and the effective strength of the southern SAF.
Interbasin Differences in Interannual Variations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Transport
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Cheng Xuhua , von Storch Jin‐Song , Qin Jianhuang , Qiu Bo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDespite the critical role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in global convey belt, its temporal variability and spatial difference are poorly investigated due to the lack of full‐depth observations. This study quantitatively investigates the interannual variability of the ACC transport in different basins using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data and In Situ Analysis System 17 (ISAS17) temperature and salinity fields. The results reveal that the interannual variation differs significantly in the Indian basin, the Pacific and Atlantic basins, and is likely caused by the meridional distribution of the wind stress curl, rather than the westerly winds. The interannual variation is correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in the Indian basin, but also modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and Atlantic basins. The results are further verified by a mass conservation ocean model with elaborating the important influence of both local and global atmospheric variability on the spatial‐temporal variability of the ACC. The difference of the ACC transports in the major basins might be ascribed to the respective meridional transport in each basin.
Simulating the 3D Distribution of Absorbed Shortwave Radiation in a Tree Crown: Comparison of Simplified and Monte Carlo Models
Authors: Oshio H. , Asawa T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUrban trees are expected to alleviate severe thermal environments in summer. The absorbed shortwave radiation is a key variable to estimate the microclimatic effects of trees. In numerical simulation tools for the urban and built thermal environment, the difficulty lies in how to calculate the absorbed radiation in terms of accuracy and computational load. Here we investigated the difference between a radiative transfer model calculating scattering by the Monte Carlo method and a simpler model that accounts for scattering by modifying the optical depth. The calculations of absorbed radiation were performed under various conditions of leaf normal distribution and zenith angle of incident radiation, using tree models represented by voxels with different leaf area density values. For the photosynthetically active radiation, the relative difference between models was less than 10% for most cases. For the near‐infrared radiation, the difference was also small for a large canopy consisting of several trees. The difference was 30%–60% and 0%–20% for zenith angles of incident radiation of 0° and 60°, respectively, for small isolated trees with a crown height and width of less than 5 m, which was a significantly different condition from a uniform canopy. This large difference was related to the uniformity of the canopy and was explained by the transmittance from each voxel to the outside of the canopy. The present study enables us to evaluate the applicability of the simple model and correct the difference from the Monte Carlo model.