bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz radiation from shockwave front irradiated with femtosecond optical pulses
Authors: Nagashima Takeshi , Huang Hsinhui , Hatanaka Koji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFemtosecond double optical pulse experiments with nanosecond time delay were conducted in air. Terahertz pulses were generated from laser plasmas produced by the irradiation with the main pulses on shockwave excited by the pre‐pulse illumination. Intensity of the terahertz pulses depends on the time difference Δt and relative position Δy between the pre‐ and main pulses. We found a characteristic dependence of the intensity of the terahertz pulses on Δy at a longer time delay, Δt = 14.7 ns, which has two maxima while only one maximum was observed when delay times were at and shorter than 9.7 ns. The results are discussed taking into account air density distribution of the shockwave. The terahertz emission spectroscopy shown here can be a useful technique for investigating density structure and its time variation of shockwave with high temporal resolution.
Efficacy of a therapist‐guided smartphone‐based intervention to support recovery from bulimia nervosa: Study protocol of a randomized controlled multi‐centre trial
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Maier Julia , Dieffenbacher Anna , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough inpatient treatment is highly effective for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), some patients show a resurgence of symptoms and relapse after discharge. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a guided smartphone‐based aftercare intervention following inpatient treatment to support recovery.Method172 female patients with BN (DSM‐5: 307.51) will be randomized to receive a 16‐week smartphone‐based aftercare intervention (German version of ‘Recovery Record’) with therapist feedback as an add‐on element to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Assessments will take place at baseline (discharge, T0), during the intervention (after 4 weeks, T1), post‐intervention (after 16 weeks, T2) and at 6‐month follow‐up (T3). Primary outcome will be remission at T2. Moderator and mediator analyses will investigate for whom the aftercare intervention suits best and how it works.ConclusionsThis is the first randomized controlled trial to examine a guided smartphone‐based aftercare intervention following inpatient treatment of patients with BN. We expect that this innovative aftercare intervention is highly accepted by the patients and that it has the potential to support recovery after inpatient treatment and thereby could contribute to improving aftercare for patients with BN.
“You Are What You Eat”: How Fungal Adaptation Can Be Leveraged toward Myco‐Material Properties
Authors: Hernando Alicia Vivas , Sun Wenjing , Abitbol Tiffany 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFungi adapt to their surroundings, modifying their behaviors and composition under different conditions like nutrient availability and environmental stress. This perspective examines how a basic understanding of fungal genetics and the different ways that fungi can be influenced by their surroundings can be leveraged toward the production of functional mycelium materials. Simply put, within the constraints of a given genetic script, both the quality and quantity of fungal mycelium are shaped by what they eat and where they grow. These two levers, encompassing their global growth environment, can be turned toward different materials outcomes. The final properties of myco‐materials are thus intimately shaped by the conditions of their growth, enabling the design of new biobased and biodegradable material constructions for applications that have traditionally relied on petroleum‐based chemicals.This perspective highlights aspects of fungal genetics and environmental adaptation that have potential materials science implications, along the way touching on key studies, both to situate the state of the art within the field and to punctuate the viewpoints of the authors. Finally, this work ends with future perspectives, reinforcing key topics deemed important to consider in emerging myco‐materials research.
How to integrate CD19 specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells with other CD19 targeting agents in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma?
Authors: de Ramon Ortiz Carmen , Wang Sisi , Stathis Anastasios , Bertoni Francesco , Zenz Thorsten , Novak Urban , Simonetta Federico 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAbout one third of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have a relapsing/refractory (R/R) disease after first line chemo‐immunotherapy, with particularly poor outcomes observed in patients with primary refractory disease and early relapse. CD19 specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a game changer that results in durable and complete response rates in almost half of the patients with R/R DLBCL. Other emerging CD19‐targeting therapies include monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies and targeting antibody‐drug conjugates, which also show encouraging results. However, the timing and sequencing of different anti‐CD19‐targeting agents and how they might interfere with subsequent CAR T cell treatment is still unclear. In this review, we summarize the results of the pivotal clinical trials as well as evidence from real‐world series of the use of different CD19‐targeting approved agents. We discuss the effect of various therapies on CD19 expression and its implications for treatment sequencing.
Enrollment of dengue patients in a prospective cohort study in Umphang District, Thailand, during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Implications for research and policy
Authors: Shepard Donald S. , Agarwal‐Harding Priya , Jiamton Sukhum , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Kongsin Sukhontha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDengue is endemic in Thailand and imposes a high burden on the health system and society. We conducted a prospective cohort study in Umphang District, Tak Province, Thailand, to investigate the share of dengue cases with long symptoms and their duration. Here we present the results of the enrollment process during the COVID‐19 pandemic with implications and challenges for research and policy.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study conducted in Umphang District, Thailand, we examined the prevalence of persistent symptoms in dengue cases. Clinically diagnosed cases were offered free laboratory testing, We enrolled ambulatory dengue patients regardless of age who were confirmed through a highly sensitive laboratory strategy (positive NS1 and/or IgM), agreed to follow‐up visits, and gave informed consent. We used multivariate logistic regressions to assess the probability of clinical dengue being laboratory confirmed. To determine the factors associated with study enrollment, we analyzed the relationship of patient characteristics and month of screening to the likelihood of participation. To identify underrepresented groups, we compared the enrolled cohort to external data sources.ResultsThe 150 clinical cases ranged from 1 to 85 years old. Most clinical cases (78%) were confirmed by a positive laboratory test, but only 19% of those confirmed enrolled in the cohort study. Women, who were half as likely to enroll as men, were underrepresented in the cohort.ConclusionsThe Thai physicians' clinical diagnoses at this rural district hospital had good agreement with laboratory diagnoses. By identifying underrepresented groups and disparities, future studies can ensure the creation of statistically representative cohorts to maximize their scientific value. This involves recruiting and retaining underrepresented groups in health research, such as women in this study. Promising strategies for meaningful inclusion include multi‐site enrollment, offering in‐home or virtual services, and providing in‐kind benefits like childcare for underrepresented groups.
Putting the power of behavior analysis in the hands of nonbehavioral professionals: Toward a blueprint for dissemination†
Authors: Lerman Dorothea C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBehavior analysts have much to offer nonbehavioral professionals who work with the communities that we serve. Successful dissemination of behavior‐analytic technologies to these professionals could potentially improve their practice. Although the literature contains some exemplary examples of successful dissemination, our discipline would benefit from a blueprint for conducting this important work. In this article, I share our experiences disseminating behavioral technologies to educators, law enforcement officers, and health care providers who engage with neurodiverse individuals. These experiences form the basis of a recommended blueprint for dissemination, which awaits empirical support. After describing this tentative blueprint, I provide suggestions for future research on how best to disseminate our technologies to nonbehavioral professionals, the ideal content of those dissemination activities, and the conditions under which professionals may be more likely to embed our technologies into their best practices.
Predictors of disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant XBB sublineages and variants of interest
Authors: Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Ng Oon Tek , Toh Matthias Paul Han Sim , Gao Qi , Soong Ai Jia , Teo Joel Han Wen , Low Shannon , Vasoo Shawn , Li Jia Hui , Thoon Koh Cheng , Oh Helen , Pada Surinder Kaur M S , Ooi Say Tat , Soh Jade , Wong Hei Man , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Omicron variant has been reported to present with milder disease compared with Delta, although this may be due to immunity from vaccination and prior exposure. Predictors of severity with recent strains have not been well characterized. We retrospectively examined consecutive cases of moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 (defined as requiring supplemental oxygenation, intensive care or mortality) admitted to seven tertiary hospitals across Singapore in April 2023. Whole genome sequencing was performed on each isolate to determine the sublineage, while baseline clinical, laboratory data and outcomes were tabulated. We reviewed 182 patients with moderate‐to‐severe illness and 466 controls hospitalized at the same time. Advanced age and presence of chronic kidney disease predicted adverse outcome. Previously reported markers such as radiographic evidence of pneumonia, elevated C‐reactive protein and serum creatinine levels at presentation also correlated with adverse outcomes. There were no observable differences in outcomes with any specific Omicron XBB sublineage. We did not find any specific Omicron XBB sublineage that was associated with worse outcomes. Larger multinational studies would be important to track the clinical evolution of the virus in its current endemic state.
Assessment of the spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of meteorological drought in the North China Plain
Authors: Yang Cuiping , Liu Changhong , Wang Yongqiang , Gu Yuhui , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the changing trend of global temperature increase, the occurrence of drought events can no longer be ignored. An investigation of the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of meteorological droughts and their responses to climatic variables can elucidate the mechanisms of the water cycle evolution in changing environments. In the present study, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index was used to characterize meteorological drought in the North China Plain (NCP) from 1970 to 2020. The spatiotemporal patterns of meteorological drought were analysed, and the contributions of climatic factors on annual and seasonal time scale drought evolution were determined. The results revealed that meteorological drought showed a decreasing trend (−0.07/10a) in the NCP from 1970 to 2020 and the most severe meteorological drought occurred in winter, with 56.56% of the region experiencing an increased drought trend in this season. Significant trends were identified for mean temperature (Tmean), temperature difference, and wind speed in the drought trend evolution. Precipitation (P) and Tmean were the primary controlling factors of the drought evolution. The strongest effect on drought change were exerted by P in spring (contribution [Con]: 1.57%), summer (Con: 1.79%) and autumn (Con: 2.43%), and the negative contribution of Tmean in winter (Con: −3.64%) was greater than the positive contribution of P (Con: 2.69%). The contribution of climatic variables to drought were increased by regional altitude difference. The results reveal a novel explanatory mechanism of climate change's effects on drought.
Sucralose regulates postprandial blood glucose in mice through intestinal sweet taste receptors Tas1r2/Tas1r3
Authors: Shi Qing , Xu Lei , Cai Lei , Deng Shaoping , Qi Xiangyang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐nutritive sweeteners (such as sucralose) bind to sweet receptors Tas1r2/Tas1r3 on intestinal endocrine L cells after diets to upregulate blood glucose. However, the mechanism by which sucralose regulates postprandial blood glucose (PBG) has not been clarified to date. We hypothesized that the gut sweet taste receptor was one of the targets for sucralose to regulate PBG. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sucralose on PBG based on the gut sweet taste receptor signaling pathway and to explore the mechanism. Therefore, we examined PBG, genes, and proteins associated with the gut sweet receptor pathway in sucralose‐exposed mice.RESULTSThe results showed that after 12 weeks of sucralose exposure the PBG of mice increased significantly, and the expression of intestinal sweet taste receptors increased correspondingly. Within the concentration range of this experiment, a significant increase of PBG was observed in mice fed on sucralose with a concentration equal to or higher than 0.33 g L−1.CONCLUSIONLong‐term consumption of sucralose may increase body weight and the risk of elevated PBG, resulting in overexpression of sweetness receptors and glucose transporters. The mechanism of these effects might be the result of non‐nutritive sweeteners binding to sweetness receptors Tas1r2/Tas1r3 in gut endocrine cells and upregulating Slc5a1 and Slc2a2. But we cannot rule out that the rise in PBG is the result of a combination of sweet receptors and gut microbes. Therefore, the effect of gut microbes on PBG needs to be studied further. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antibiotics or Tonsillectomy for Adult Recurrent Tonsillitis: Analyzing the Lesser of Two Evils
Authors: Jacob Tommy , Leshno Moshe , Carmel‐Neidermann Narin Nard , Kampel Liyona , Warshavsky Anton , Mansour Joubran , Assadi Nidal , Muhanna Nidal , Horowitz Gilad 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the best timing for surgical intervention for adults with recurrent tonsillitis (RT).MethodsA Markov model was constructed using variables and ranges based upon a literature review. A 1‐way sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the number of yearly bouts at which each algorithm (antibiotics or tonsillectomy) would be favored. A Monte‐Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis was calculated for gains and cost. Model outcomes were measured with quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) for tonsillectomy versus repeat antibiotic treatment.ResultsPatients expected to sustain a single annual tonsillitis event will have a negative QALY of 0.02 if treated with surgery and those with 2 annual events will have a QALY gain from undergoing tonsillectomy of 0.01, 3 events = 0.03, 4 events = 0.05, 5 events = 0.07, 6 events = 0.09, 7 events = 0.1, and 8 events = 0.11. These gains became meaningful only after 2 years of recurrent bouts. The average cost of tonsillectomy was 3,238 USD, and the overall average cost of RT was 7,069 USD (an incremental cost of 3,831 USD). The ICER of tonsillectomy over antibiotic treatment for 1 QALY gain was 44,741 USD.ConclusionAdult patients who sustain more than 3 annual bouts of tonsillitis over a period of at least 2 years will gain QALY after tonsillectomy. These gains increase proportionally to the number of yearly events and perennial episodes. The incremental costs of tonsillectomy fail to meet the NICE guidelines but are within other acceptable reference ranges.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2153–2161, 2024
Analysis of Surgical Outcomes in Endoscopic‐Assisted Lateral Neck Dissection
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Zhao Jingzhu , Gu Pengfei , Zhang Jinming , Li Yigong , Zheng Xiangqian 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCurrently, endoscopic‐assisted lateral neck dissection (EALND) is performed to reduce postoperative scarring of the anterior neck. This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes between EALND and conventional open lateral neck dissection (COLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with lateral lymph node metastases (LNM).MethodsThe study reviewed 103 PTC patients who were classified on the basis of surgical type and statistically compared using propensity score matching analysis.ResultsThe mean operation time is longer, and the cost of surgery is higher in the EALND group than COLND group (all p < 0.05). The numbers of retrieved and positive level II LNs, the rate of level II LNs detection between two groups do not differ significantly (all p > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative neck numbness is lower, and patients are more satisfied with postoperative neck scarring in the EALND group than COLND group (all p < 0.05). The common complications of two groups are transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and transient hypoparathyroidism.ConclusionsEALND is safe and feasible compared with COLND. The incision is more aesthetically satisfactory, which makes EALND a surgical approach for PTC patients with lateral LNM.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2221–2227, 2024
BUS‐BRA: A breast ultrasound dataset for assessing computer‐aided diagnosis systems
Authors: Gómez‐Flores Wilfrido , Gregorio‐Calas Maria Julia , Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira Wagner 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeComputer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) systems on breast ultrasound (BUS) aim to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of breast screening, helping specialists to detect and classify breast lesions. CAD system development requires a set of annotated images, including lesion segmentation, biopsy results to specify benign and malignant cases, and BI‐RADS categories to indicate the likelihood of malignancy. Besides, standardized partitions of training, validation, and test sets promote reproducibility and fair comparisons between different approaches. Thus, we present a publicly available BUS dataset whose novelty is the substantial increment of cases with the above‐mentioned annotations and the inclusion of standardized partitions to objectively assess and compare CAD systems.Acquisition and Validation MethodsThe BUS dataset comprises 1875 anonymized images from 1064 female patients acquired via four ultrasound scanners during systematic studies at the National Institute of Cancer (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The dataset includes biopsy‐proven tumors divided into 722 benign and 342 malignant cases. Besides, a senior ultrasonographer performed a BI‐RADS assessment in categories 2 to 5. Additionally, the ultrasonographer manually outlined the breast lesions to obtain ground truth segmentations. Furthermore, 5‐ and 10‐fold cross‐validation partitions are provided to standardize the training and test sets to evaluate and reproduce CAD systems. Finally, to validate the utility of the BUS dataset, an evaluation framework is implemented to assess the performance of deep neural networks for segmenting and classifying breast lesions.Data Format and Usage NotesThe BUS dataset is publicly available for academic and research purposes through an open‐access repository under the name BUS‐BRA: A Breast Ultrasound Dataset for Assessing CAD Systems. BUS images and reference segmentations are saved in Portable Network Graphic (PNG) format files, and the dataset information is stored in separate Comma‐Separated Value (CSV) files.Potential ApplicationsThe BUS‐BRA dataset can be used to develop and assess artificial intelligence‐based lesion detection and segmentation methods, and the classification of BUS images into pathological classes and BI‐RADS categories. Other potential applications include developing image processing methods like despeckle filtering and contrast enhancement methods to improve image quality and feature engineering for image description.
Implementation of pure shift 1H NMR in metabolic phenotyping for structural information recovery of biofluid metabolites with complex spin systems
Authors: Serrano‐Contreras Jose Ivan , Lindon John C. , Frost Gary , Holmes Elaine , Nicholson Jeremy K. , Garcia‐Perez Isabel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is a mainstay of metabolic profiling approaches to investigation of physiological and pathological processes. The one‐dimensional proton pulse sequences typically used in phenotyping large numbers of samples generate spectra that are rich in information but where metabolite identification is often compromised by peak overlap. Recently developed pure shift (PS) NMR spectroscopy, where all J‐coupling multiplicities are removed from the spectra, has the potential to simplify the complex proton NMR spectra that arise from biosamples and hence to aid metabolite identification. Here we have evaluated two complementary approaches to spectral simplification: the HOBS (band‐selective with real‐time acquisition) and the PSYCHE (broadband with pseudo‐2D interferogram acquisition) pulse sequences. We compare their relative sensitivities and robustness for deconvolving both urine and serum matrices. Both methods improve resolution of resonances ranging from doublets, triplets and quartets to more complex signals such as doublets of doublets and multiplets in highly overcrowded spectral regions. HOBS is the more sensitive method and takes less time to acquire in comparison with PSYCHE, but can introduce unavoidable artefacts from metabolites with strong couplings, whereas PSYCHE is more adaptable to these types of spin system, although at the expense of sensitivity. Both methods are robust and easy to implement. We also demonstrate that strong coupling artefacts contain latent connectivity information that can be used to enhance metabolite identification. Metabolite identification is a bottleneck in metabolic profiling studies. In the case of NMR, PS experiments can be included in metabolite identification workflows, providing additional capability for biomarker discovery.