bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New dwarf galaxy candidates in the sphere of influence of the Sombrero galaxy
Authors: Crosby Ethan , Jerjen Helmut , Müller Oliver , Pawlowski Marcel S , Mateo Mario , Lelli Federico 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of 40 new satellite dwarf galaxy candidates in the sphere of influence of the Sombrero Galaxy (M104), the most luminous galaxy in the Local Volume. Using the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam, we surveyed 14.4 deg2 of its surroundings, extending to the virial radius. Visual inspection of the deep images and galfit modelling yielded a galaxy sample highly complete down to Mg ∼ −9 ($L_{g}\sim 3\times 10^{5}\ \mathrm{ L}_\odot$) and spanning magnitudes −16.4 &lt; Mg &lt; −8 and half-light radii 50 pc &lt; re &lt; 1600 pc assuming the distance of M104. These 40 new candidates, out of which 27 are group members with high confidence, double the number of potential satellites of M104 within the virial radius, placing it among the richest hosts in the Local Volume. Using a principal component analysis, we find that the entire sample of candidates is consistent with an almost circular on-sky distribution, more circular than any comparable environment found in the Illustris TNG100-1 (The Next Generation) simulation. However, the distribution of the high-probability sample is more oblate and consistent with the simulation. The cumulative satellite luminosity function is broadly consistent with analogues from the simulation, albeit it contains no bright satellite with Mg &lt; −16.4 ($L_{g}\sim 3 \times 10^{8}\ \mathrm{ L}_\odot$), a $2.3\, \sigma$ occurrence. Follow-up spectroscopy to confirm group membership will begin to demonstrate how these systems can act as probes of the structure and formation history of the halo of M104.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: ΣSFR drives the presence of complex emission-line profiles in star-forming galaxies
Authors: Zovaro Henry R M , Mendel J Trevor , Groves Brent , Kewley Lisa J , Colless Matthew , Ristea Andrei , Cortese Luca , Oh Sree , D’Eugenio Francesco , Croom Scott M , López-Sánchez Ángel R , van de Sande Jesse , Brough Sarah , Medling Anne M , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bryant Julia J 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Galactic fountains driven by star formation result in a variety of kinematic structures such as ionized winds and thick gas discs, both of which manifest as complex emission-line profiles that can be parametrized by multiple Gaussian components. We use integral field spectroscopy from the SAMI Galaxy Survey to spectrally resolve these features, traced by broad ${\rm H}\alpha$ components, and distinguish them from the star-forming (SF) thin disc, traced by narrow components, in 3068 galaxies in the local Universe. Using a matched sample analysis technique, we demonstrate that the presence of complex emission-line profiles in SF galaxies is most strongly correlated with the global star formation rate (SFR) surface density of the host galaxy measured within 1Re ($\Sigma _{{\rm SFR},\, R_{\rm e}}$), even when controlling for both observational biases, including inclination, amplitude-to-noise and angular scale, and sample biases in parameters such as stellar mass and SFR. Leveraging the spatially resolved nature of the data set, we determine that the presence of complex emission-line profiles within individual spaxels is driven not only by the local ΣSFR, but by the $\Sigma _{{\rm SFR},\, R_{\rm e}}$ of the host galaxy. We also parametrize the clumpiness of the SFR within individual galaxies, and find that $\Sigma _{{\rm SFR},\, R_{\rm e}}$ is a stronger predictor of the presence of complex emission-line profiles than clumpiness. We conclude that, with a careful treatment of observational effects, it is possible to identify structures traced by complex emission-line profiles, including winds and thick ionized gas discs, at the spatial and spectral resolution of SAMI using the Gaussian decomposition technique.
General relativistic simulations of high-mass binary neutron star mergers: rapid formation of low-mass stellar black holes
Authors: Çokluk Kutay A , Yakut Kadri , Giacomazzo Bruno 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Almost a hundred compact binary mergers have been detected via gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration in the past few years providing us with a significant amount of new information on black holes and neutron stars. In addition to observations, numerical simulations using newly developed modern codes in the field of gravitational wave physics will guide us to understand the nature of single and binary degenerate systems and highly energetic astrophysical processes. We here presented a set of new fully general relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of high-mass binary neutron star systems using the open-source EINSTEIN TOOLKIT and LORENE codes. We considered systems with total baryonic masses ranging from 2.8$\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ to 4.0$\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ and used the SLy equation of state. We analysed the gravitational wave signal for all models and report potential indicators of systems undergoing rapid collapse into a black hole that could be observed by future detectors like the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer. The properties of the post-merger black hole, the disc and ejecta masses, and their dependence on the binary parameters were also extracted. We also compared our numerical results with recent analytical fits presented in the literature and provided parameter-dependent semi-analytical relations between the total mass and mass ratio of the systems and the resulting black hole masses and spins, merger frequency, BH formation time, ejected mass, disc mass, and radiated gravitational wave energy.
Rundle’s Curve: A Useful Construct That Does Not Fit All.
Authors: Cruz Antonio A V , Guimarães Juliana A , Garcia Denny M 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to analyze Rundle’s original data and subsequent articles on Graves orbitopathy (GO) natural history.

Methods:
Rundle’s texts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Serial measurements were plotted and fitted with different functions. Subsequent articles in the English literature on the natural history of GO were also analyzed.

Results:
Different functions such as simple linear regressions, parabolic, saturating exponential growth, and exponential decay functions were well fitted for Rundle’s data on measurements of proptosis and supraduction along time. The few quantitative data of the same variables post-Rundle were also well-fitted with various functions.

Conclusion:
Rundle described in his articles, from 1945 to 1957, 2 phases of ocular changes in GO: dynamic and static. However, he did not mention the pathophysiology of these phases nor used the terms inflammatory and cicatricial. Actually, most of his observations and the subsequent data in the literature on proptosis and supraduction did not obey the biphasic pattern of the so-called Rundle’s curve.
Molecular Biomarkers in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Ueland Hans Olav , Neset Mikael Thomassen , Methlie Paal , Ueland Grethe Åstrøm , Pakdel Farzad , Rødahl Eyvind 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves disease. Patients may be severely affected with eyelid retraction, exophthalmos, diplopia, pain, and threatened vision. Autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor have shown associations with pathophysiological and clinical traits. Autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is in current clinical use as biomarker, but not with unambiguous diagnostic performance. A biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy and/or prognostic capability would be of immense value in diagnosing TED, especially in subclinical cases or when TED precedes the thyroid dysfunction. This article is a literature review on molecular biomarkers of TED.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase. Studies on molecular biomarkers in blood, tear fluid, and urine were included in the review.

Results:
Forty-six papers were included, of which 30, 14, and 2 studies on biomarkers in blood, tears, and urine, respectively. Fourteen of the papers evaluated the diagnostic performance of various biomarkers, 12 in blood and 2 in tears. Most studies evaluated single biomarkers, but 3 tested a panel of several markers. Except for autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, the reported diagnostic performances for the biomarkers were not confirmed in independent cohorts. In 32 studies, no or insufficient performance data were given, but the findings indicated involvement of various biologic mechanisms in TED including inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, lipid metabolism, and ocular surface microflora.

Conclusions:
Currently, serum autoantibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is the only molecular biomarker with clinical utility in patients with TED. Several potential biomarkers have been investigated, and particularly panels of multiple biomarkers in tears are promising. To improve patient care, biomarkers in TED should be studied further.
Association of Patient Age and the Thyroid Eye Disease-Clinical Activity Score
Authors: North Victoria S. , Zhou Henry W. , Tran Ann Q. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Kazim Michael 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the association between age and clinical activity score (CAS) in patients with active, untreated thyroid eye disease.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of patients with active, untreated thyroid eye disease at a single institution between 2010 and 2020 whose ophthalmologic symptoms began no more than 9 months prior to the initial visit. Exclusion criteria included surgical or systemic thyroid eye disease treatment before or during the study period. Demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients, including a 7-point CAS at visit 1 (CAS1) and a 10-point score at visit 2 (CAS2). Patients were stratified by age: Group 1 (18–45), Group 2 (46–70), and Group 3 (71–85).

Results:
A total of 156 patients were included: mean age 51.7 ± 15.8 years, 79.5% female. CAS1 differed significantly across groups: 1.9 ± 1.0 (Group 1), 2.7 ± 1.4 (Group 2), and 2.2 ± 1.6 (Group 3), p = 0.005. Findings were similar for CAS2: 2.2 ± 1.4 (Group 1), 3.0 ± 1.8 (Group 2), and 2.8 ± 1.9 (Group 3), p = 0.030. Post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.004, visit 1; p = 0.025, visit 2) but not between other pairs. Patients with CAS1 of 0–3 (n = 129) were younger on average than those with CAS1 4–7 (n = 27): 50.4 ± 16.2 versus 58.2 ± 12.8 years (p = 0.009). Conjunctival redness (p = 0.019) and chemosis (p ≤ 0.001) were more common in older patients at both visits.

Conclusions:
Patients aged 46–70 years with active, untreated thyroid eye disease had significantly higher CAS1 and CAS2 than younger patients in this study, largely driven by differences in conjunctival redness and chemosis.
Orbital Decompression: Conceptual Approach for Orbital Volume Expansion
Authors: Goldberg Robert A. , Gout Taras 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To review the advances in the surgical techniques of orbital decompression.

Methods:
A literature review of orbital decompression surgery and experience-based consideration of bony areas for decompression.

Results:
In the 100-year-plus span of orbital decompression literature, multiple incisions and multiple bone and fat removal strategies have been described. In general, bone removal has been conceptualized as consisting of 4 walls of the orbit. However, the orbital bony anatomy is more subtle than a simple box, and considering 6 areas of potential bony removal allows a more nuanced paradigm for clinical decision-making and for understanding various technique descriptions. Historical and current techniques, and surgical planning and decision-making, are described from the perspective of a 6 area paradigm. Potential complications are reviewed.

Conclusion:
A conceptual framework for orbital decompression focusing on 6 potential areas of bone removal provides a nuanced and flexible paradigm for understanding and describing surgical techniques, and for designing individualized surgery. Orbital decompression surgery should be customized to the patient’s anatomy and symptoms.
The current state of apolipoprotein E in dyslipidemia
Authors: Rasmussen Katrine L. , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of reviewApolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism in the peripheral circulation and in the brain. This has been recognized for decades; however, the importance of the full spectrum of variation in theAPOEgene has been less investigated. This review focusses on current progresses in this field with main focus on apoE in dyslipidemia and vascular disease.Recent findingsWhereas ε4 is the risk increasing allele for Alzheimer disease, ε2 is associated with increased risk for age-related macular degeneration. Rare functional ε2-like variants inAPOEhave previously been reported to have protective associations for Alzheimer disease but recent findings suggest a simultaneous high risk of age-related macular degeneration, in line with observations for the ε2 allele.SummaryApoE plays an important and well established role in dyslipidemia, vascular disease, and dementia. Recent evidence from large general population studies now also suggests that apoE is involved in age-related macular degeneration. ApoE-targeted therapeutics are being developed for multiple purposes; this heralds a promising change in the approach to disease processes involving apoE. The different risk profile for dementia and age-related macular degeneration should, however, be kept in mind when developing drugs targeting mechanisms resembling these variants.
Sexual health challenges in migrant, immigrant, and displaced populations 2022–2023
Authors: Panchenko Sofya , Gabster Amanda , Mayaud Philippe , Erausquin Jennifer Toller 
Published: December 2023

Purpose of review
This article reviews recently published research on sexual health challenges and HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among migrant, immigrant and displaced people (MIDP) worldwide. We aimed to identify current evidence gaps regarding HIV/STI epidemiology, sexual health needs and interventions.

Recent findings
Incidence and prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis were higher among MIDP compared to host populations. However, research studies are limited in geographical distribution and few routine surveillance data are collected. Barriers to sexual health services use and participation in preventive interventions include low HIV/STI symptom knowledge and risk awareness, and intersectional experiences of stigma/discrimination. Better targeted promotion messages are needed to increase utilization of preventive sexual health interventions.

Summary
Access to, and use of, sexual health services and interventions are evident needs among MIDP. These needs are intertwined with social determinants of health, including cultural/language barriers and stigma. Effective interventions require involvement of multiple stakeholder groups, encouraging engagement and providing social protection. Promising directions for interventions and further research include developing sexual health supportive environments through peer-strategies and provider training in trauma-informed care.
Impact of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and oxycodone co-administration on measures of antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in mice
Authors: Slivicki Richard A. , Wang Justin G. , Nhat Vy Trinh Tran , Kravitz Alexxai V. , Creed Meaghan C. , Gereau Robert W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOxycodone is commonly prescribed for moderate to severe pain disorders. While efficacious, long-term use can result in tolerance, physical dependence, and the development of opioid use disorder. Cannabis and its derivatives such as Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) have been reported to enhance oxycodone analgesia in animal models and in humans. However, it remains unclear if Δ9-THC may facilitate unwanted aspects of oxycodone intake, such as tolerance, dependence, and reward at analgesic doses. This study sought to evaluate the impact of co-administration of Δ9-THC and oxycodone across behavioral measures related to antinociception, dependence, circadian activity, and reward in both male and female mice. Oxycodone and Δ9-THC produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the hotplate assay that were similar between sexes. Repeated treatment (twice daily for 5 days) resulted in antinociceptive tolerance. Combination treatment of oxycodone and Δ9-THC produced a greater antinociceptive effect than either administered alone, and delayed the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Repeated treatment with oxycodone produced physical dependence and alterations in circadian activity, neither of which were exacerbated by co-treatment with Δ9-THC. Combination treatment of oxycodone and Δ9-THC produced CPP when co-administered at doses that did not produce preference when administered alone. These data indicate that Δ9-THC may facilitate oxycodone-induced antinociception without augmenting certain unwanted features of opioid intake (e.g. dependence, circadian rhythm alterations). However, our findings also indicate that Δ9-THC may facilitate rewarding properties of oxycodone at therapeutically relevant doses which warrant consideration when evaluating this combination for its potential therapeutic utility.
Wolf-dog hybrids arise: new insight into the eastern fringe of the Northern European wolf population
Authors: Tirronen Konstantin F. , Kuznetsova Anastasiia S. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTIn study, tissue samples of 35 wolves hunted in Russian Karelia and 12 specimens of dogs were used in 2012-2022 for genetic analysis. Among wolves four individuals (11%) were recognized as wolf-dog hybrids (WDH) according to phenotypic characteristics. The analysis of 11 autosomal STR confirmed the hybrid origin of three, and allowed us to exclude one. At the same time, additionally were identified two more admixed individuals with no phenotypic deviations, arising the total number of hybrids to five (14%). Analysis of CR1 mtDNA in the specified sample set revealed the dog haplotype in one of the presumed phenotypically WDH. The mtDNA haplotype diversity was represented by two haplotypes common in Eurasia. Revealed level of genetic diversity of the population by 11 microsatellite loci was high (He = 0.746; Ho = 0.655; A = 8). However, the observed heterozygosity turned out to be notably lower than expected, and the inbreeding coefficient was also high (Fis = 0.131) and, moreover, increased compared to the previously noted (Aspi et al. 2009). In the past, the wolf population of Karelia was considered as pure wolves, with a moderate level of hunting pressure. The observed genetic processes – interspecific hybridization and increased inbreeding occur against the background of a noticeable arise of the new wave of fight against the wolf in Karelia. This region of some importance in the biogeographic sense – through this territory, the connection of animal populations living in Scandinavia and the Russian Plain, and furthered to Siberia is realized.
Dissection of a non-coding risk locus at 1p36.23 identifiesERRFI1as a novel gene in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Gough Oliver J. , Rane Shraddha S. , Saunders Amy , Priestley Megan , Ray-Jones Helen , Shi Chenfu , Warren Richard B. , Adamson Antony , Eyre Stephen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis and its associated inflammatory arthritis Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) are potentially life-ruining conditions associated with numerous comorbidities. A previously-identified genetic risk association for psoriasis and PsA lies in a non-coding region at chromosome 1p36.23, and as such functional validation is required to determine the genetic mechanism contributing to psoriatic disease risk.Resultsrs11121131 – a variant in tight linkage with rs11121129, the lead GWAS variant for the 1p36.23 association – lies in a putative enhancer active in keratinocytes but not in immune cells. Promoter-capture Hi-C and H3K27Ac HiChIP showed keratinocyte-specific interactions between 1p36.23 and theTNFRSF9/PARK7/ERRFI1gene locus ∼200Kb upstream of the risk locus. Deletion of the enhancer in HaCat keratinocytes led to a reduction in transcript levels of the geneERRFI1, a negative regulator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signalling. CRISPR activation of the enhancer also affectedERRFI1levels, but paradoxically showed that steady-state activation led to repression ofERRFI1, accompanied by significant deposition of H3K27Me3 histone marks at both the enhancer and theERRFI1gene locus. ERRFI1 levels were shown to be increased in inflamed skin from a mouse model of psoriasis, further suggesting its involvement in disease.ConclusionsThese data indicate rs11121131 lies in an enhancer which modulatesERRFI1expression in keratinocytes, providing a likely risk mechanism for the 1p36.23 risk association.ERRFI1represents a novel gene in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and PsA – improving our understanding of these diseases – and the ERRFI1/EGFR signalling axis may therefore be a target for new treatment modalities for psoriatic disease.
Temperature dependence of mosquitoes: comparing mechanistic and machine learning approaches
Authors: Athni Tejas S. , Childs Marissa L. , Glidden Caroline K. , Mordecai Erin A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMosquito vectors of pathogens (e.g.,Aedes,Anopheles, andCulexspp. which transmit dengue, Zika, chikungunya, West Nile, malaria, and others) are of increasing concern for global public health. These vectors are geographically shifting under climate and other anthropogenic changes. As small-bodied ectotherms, mosquitoes are strongly affected by temperature, which causes unimodal responses in mosquito life history traits (e.g., biting rate, adult mortality rate, mosquito development rate, and probability of egg-to-adult survival) that exhibit upper and lower thermal limits and intermediate thermal optima in laboratory studies. However, it remains unknown how mosquito thermal responses measured in laboratory experiments relate to the realized thermal responses of mosquitoes in the field. To address this gap, we leverage thousands of global mosquito occurrences and geospatial satellite data at high spatial resolution to construct machine-learning based species distribution models, from which vector thermal responses are estimated. We apply methods to restrict models to the relevant mosquito activity season and to conduct ecologically-plausible spatial background sampling centered around ecoregions for comparison to mosquito occurrence records. We found that thermal minima estimated from laboratory studies were highly correlated with those from the species distributions (r = 0.90). The thermal optima were less strongly correlated (r = 0.69). For most species, we did not detect thermal maxima from their observed distributions so were unable to compare to laboratory-based estimates. The results suggest that laboratory studies have the potential to be highly transportable to predicting lower thermal limits and thermal optima of mosquitoes in the field. At the same time, lab-based models likely capture physiological limits on mosquito persistence at high temperatures that are not apparent from field-based observational studies but may critically determine mosquito responses to climate warming.