bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between testosterone and cancers risk in women: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Zhizhou , Wang Maoyu , Hua Meimian , Wang Ziwei , Ying Yidie , Zhang Zhensheng , Zeng Shuxiong , Wang Huiqing , Xu Chuanliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivePrevious observational studies have explored the correlation between testosterone and cancer risk. However, the causal association between testosterone and various cancer types in women remains inconclusive. The objective of this Mendelian randomization study is to evaluate the causal links between total testosterone (TT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) with cancer risk in females.MethodsInitially, a rigorous quality control process was employed to identify suitable instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the exposure under investigation that exhibited a significant association. The genetic causal relationship between female testosterone levels and the risk of developing cancers was examined through a two-sample Mendelian randomization. Various analytical methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were applied in the investigation. Key findings were primarily based on the results obtained via IVW (random effects), and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of the obtained results. Furthermore, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW (fixed effects) methods were utilized to further validate the robustness of the results.ResultsBased on the results of IVW analysis, our study indicated a positive causal relationship between BT and breast cancer (OR = 1.1407, 95%CI: 1.0627–1.2244, P = 0.0015) and endometrial cancer (OR = 1.4610, 95%CI: 1.2695–1.6813, P = 1.22E-06). Moreover, our findings also showed a positive causal association between TT and breast cancer (OR = 1.1764, 95%CI: 1.0846–1.2761, P = 0.0005), cervical cancer(OR = 1.0020, 95%CI: 1.0007–1.0032, P = 0.0077), and endometrial cancer(OR = 1.4124, 95%CI: 1.2083–1.6511, P = 0.0001). Additionally, our results demonstrated a negative causal relationship between BT and ovarian cancer (OR = 0.8649, 95%CI: 0.7750–0.9653, P = 0.0320). However, no causal relationship was found between BT, TT and other types of cancer (corrected P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study elucidates the role of testosterone on the development of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. It also hints at a potential but fragile link between testosterone and bladder cancer, as well as thyroid cancer. Nonetheless, it's worth noting that no statistically significant relationship between testosterone and various other types of cancer in females was identified.
Feasibility analysis of synthesized polyaniline nanocomposites loaded by Co-doped ZnO nanorods for aqueous pollutants oxidation
Authors: Tahoun Belal A. , Farag Elsayed M. , Tony Maha A. , Mansour Shehab A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites (NCs) based on cobalt (Co)-doped ZnO nanorods were fabricated (PANI-NCs) using chemical oxidation polymerization technique. Co-doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized using hydrothermal route. Microstructure characterization and UV–Visible absorption measurement confirm the formation of wurtzite ZnO nanostructured crystals. Introducing effect of Co-doped ZnO nanorods into PANI matrix on microstructural, optical, surface morphology and electrical properties of the investigated NCs were studied. The characterization of the fabricated NCs was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and four-probe DC electrical conductivity. Also, the photocatalytic activity of the fabricated NCs was examined using UV irradiation for Procion Blue dye wastewater oxidation. The photocatalytic experimental parameters were studied and the results revealed high photocatalytic activity reached to complete dye removal within 60 min of irradiation time (at pH 7.0 and room temperature). Finally, the data fitted with first-order kinetic model.
Zinc chloride activated carbon derived from date pits for efficient biosorption of brilliant green: adsorption characteristics and mechanism study
Authors: Akl Magda A. , Mostafa Aya G. , Al-Awadhi Mohammed , Al-Harwi Wegdan S. , El-Zeny Abdelrahman S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is critical to remove dyes from wastewater as they cause harm to human and aquatic life due to their carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic effects. Here, low-cost activated carbons (CPs) were produced from the date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pits. The prepared CPs were chemically activated utilizing zinc chloride to obtain activated carbons from date pits (ZCPs). The physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and morphology of ZCPs material and the active surface functional groups involved in adsorption were identified using N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charges (pHPZC), and Fourier transforms spectroscopy. The ZCPs biocomposite was applied for the Brilliant green (BG) removal from aqueous solutions, where the efficiency was assessed as functions of pH value, foreign ions, the initial dye concentration, dose of adsorbent, adsorption time, and temperature. The outcomes showed that the prepared ZCPs biocomposite exhibited high uptake of BG with a qe of 247.752 mg/g. The isotherm and kinetic studies show that the adsorption process of BG dye onto ZCPs biocomposite followed Langmuir, and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. From the estimated thermodynamic functions, it was found that the nature of the BG dye adsorption process onto the prepared ZCPs adsorbent was endothermic and spontaneous. With a relative standard deviation of less than 3%, the prepared ZCPs were successfully applied for the removal of BG from real water samples with a recovery of more than 90%. The plausible mechanism of BG adsorption onto the prepared ZCPs can be assigned to various interactions, such as pore–filling, electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, and π–π stacking.
Ketogenic Diet: A Nutritional Therapeutic Tool for Lipedema?
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Camajani Elisabetta , Annunziata Giuseppe , Sojat Antoanstefan , Marina Ljiljana V. , Colao Annamaria , Caprio Massimiliano , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the efficacy, also considering the anti-inflammatory properties and safety of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as a potential treatment for lipedema, particularly in the context of obesity.

Recent Findings
Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal and painful fat buildup on the legs and/or arms. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema. However, although lipedema and obesity can coexist, unlike obesity, lipedema usually affects the legs and thighs without affecting the feet or hands, and the abnormal deposition of adipose tissue in lipedema is painful. The current lifestyle interventions are often unsuccessful in the management of lipedema. There is no consensus on the most effective nutritional approach for managing lipedema. Recent studies have suggested that VLCKD may be an effective treatment for lipedema, demonstrating that it is also superior to other nutritional approaches such as Mediterranean diet or intermittent fasting.

Summary
Lipedema is a chronic and debilitating disease characterized by abnormal and painful accumulation of adipose tissue in the legs. VLCKD has been shown to be an effective treatment for lipedema, especially in the context of obesity, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of VLCKD as a treatment for lipedema.
Mixed Correlation Coefficient Between Probability Hesitation Fuzzy Sets and Applications
Authors: Ying Liu , Xin Guan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probability hesitation fuzzy sets(PHFSs) have been paid increasing attention in the fuzzy domain nowadays, and correlation coefficient is becoming an important research content in fuzzy data analysis, many scholars have been conducted relevant researches on it. However, the existing correlation coefficients between PHFSs have some limitations, such as not considering the number of membership degrees and having counter-intuitive phenomenon to some extent. Therefore, we propose the mixed correlation coefficient between PHFSs. To begin with, we give the concepts of the average, variance, and length ratio of PHFE to illustrate the integrity, distribution, and length. Then, we define the average, variance, and length three correlation coefficients respectively on the above basic concepts. Furthermore, we construct the mixed correlation coefficient through combining these basic correlation coefficients, and extend to weighted form in addition, which addresses the issues of the available correlation coefficients. Finally, we utilize proposed correlation coefficient to analysis problems of data association and decision making. The effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method is illustrated at length.
Rigorous computation in dynamics based on topological methods for multivector fields
Authors: Woukeng Donald , Sadowski Damian , Leśkiewicz Jakub , Lipiński Michał , Kapela Tomasz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivated by the theoretical results of Mrozek et al. (Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 108:106–226, 2022) we present an algorithmic construction of a transversal cellular decomposition for a planar ODE. We then use the associated combinatorial multivector field to algorithmically detect the existence of an isolated invariant set with the Conley index of a periodic orbit and admitting a combinatorial Poincaré section. This construction combined with the theoretical results of Mrozek et al. (2022) leads to a method for automatized computer assisted proofs of the existence of periodic solutions in ODE’s.
Optimal controller selection and migration in large scale software defined networks for next generation internet of things
Authors: Shahzad Mohammad , Liu Lu , Belkout Nacer , Antonopoulos Nick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe substantial amount of IoT traffic, coupled with control messages, places a heavy burden on SDN controllers, which compromises their capacity. We investigate how SDN can revolutionize the conventional approach, aiming to overcome the limitations of communication overhead. Additionally, we delve into the essential optimizations required to minimize control overhead and migrations. Determining the appropriate controller necessitates the implementation of a mechanism that justifies the selection. Once the optimal controller has been identified, migration can be initiated. This paper introduces a solution that employs the NSGA-II algorithm to achieve the optimal selection of controllers. We assess the performance of the NSGA-II migration approach linking with the length-based same destination aggregation proposed in our previous work, in terms of packet delivery, packet loss, performance metrics, and the cost associated with the selected optimal controller.
Visualising Transformations of Geographical Time–Space by Transport Systems. The Case of Germany, 1990–2020
Authors: Moser Johannes , Wenner Fabian , L’Hostis Alain 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBy accelerating the overcoming of space on certain relations, transport systems alter the accessibility of places and distort geographical time–space. Particularly in the case of discontinuous and tiered transport systems such as (high-speed) rail networks, effects on time–space can be highly selective and difficult to visualise. This paper compares different methods of operationalisation and visualisation of the effects of new transport systems (infrastructures and services) on time–space, and examines their strengths and weaknesses, using the example of the evolution of the German rail network between 1990 and 2020. The methods are well-known ones such as isochrones, choropleths using measures from network theory, anamorphosis (cartograms) and less-known ones as spring maps and the shrivelling model. For the examination of the readability of the methods, we present relevant properties for time–space maps. The results suggest that conventional methods are simpler to interpret, but fail to convey certain properties, while less frequently used methods may be better at incorporating the properties at the cost of being more difficult to read.
Mitragynine inhibits hippocampus neuroplasticity and its molecular mechanism
Authors: Yunusa Suleiman , Hassan Zurina , Müller Christian P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Mitragynine (MIT), the primary indole alkaloid of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), has been associated with addictive and cognitive decline potentials. In acute studies, MIT decreases spatial memory and inhibits hippocampal synaptic transmission in long-term potentiation (LTP). This study investigated the impacts of 14-day MIT treatment on hippocampus synaptic transmission and its possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Under urethane anesthesia, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSP) of the hippocampal CA1 region were recorded in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats that received MIT (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), morphine (MOR) 5 mg/kg, or vehicle (ip). The effects of the treatments on basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and LTP were assessed in the CA1 region. Analysis of the brain's protein expression linked to neuroplasticity was then performed using a western blot.

Results
The baseline synaptic transmission's amplitude was drastically decreased by MIT at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, although the PPF ratio before TBS remained unchanged, the PPF ratio after TBS was significantly reduced by MIT (10 mg/kg). Strong and persistent inhibition of LTP was generated in the CA1 region by MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) doses; this effect was not seen in MIT (1 mg/kg) treated rats. In contrast to MIT (1 mg/kg), MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly raised the extracellular glutamate levels. After exposure to MIT, GluR-1 receptor expression remained unaltered. However, NMDAε2 receptor expression was markedly downregulated. The expression of pCaMKII, pERK, pCREB, BDNF, synaptophysin, PSD-95, Delta fosB, and CDK-5 was significantly downregulated in response to MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) exposure, while MOR (5 mg/kg) significantly raised synaptophysin and Delta fosB expression.

Conclusion
Findings from this work reveal that a smaller dose of MIT (1 mg/kg) poses no risk to hippocampal synaptic transmission. Alteration in neuroplasticity-associated proteins may be a molecular mechanism for MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg)-induced LTP disruption and cognitive impairments. Data from this work posit that MIT acted differently from MOR on neuroplasticity and its underlying mechanisms.

Graphical abstract
A Modified Beer–Lambert–Bouguer Law for Nonrandom Distributions and Its Application in Gap Probability Calculations for Heterogeneous Canopies
Authors: He Qing , Lyu Daren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) structure of vegetation canopy strongly influence the absorption and reflection of radiation at the land surface. The gap probability is one primary indicator of the canopy structure. For homogeneous canopies, where the plant elements are distributed completely randomly and statistically independent, the gap probability can be modeled with the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law. However, this method is not suitable for nonrandom distributions. A physically based and computationally efficient algorithm is developed to address this limitation, by introducing the pair correlation function to describe the nonrandom distribution pattern. Pair correlation function is based on the distribution of distances of pairs of points, and can therefore describe random, clumped, or regular distribution patterns, and detect mixed patterns at different scales. In this paper, we take tree crown as the basic structure element, and apply the new method to calculate the gap probability. The simulations agree well with results obtained by the ray casting method for various distribution patterns. The results show that horizontal distribution of trees is one of the key factors impacts the gap probability. For the case when different patterns coexist on various scales, we can ignore the distribution pattern at larger scale, and focus on the pattern at smaller scale. When zenith angel is large, the azimuthal dependency of the gap probability should be noted.
Topological Relationship‐Based Flow Direction Modeling: Stream Burning and Depression Filling
Authors: Liao Chang , Zhou Tian , Xu Donghui , Tan Zeli , Bisht Gautam , Cooper Matthew G. , Engwirda Darren , Li Hong‐Yi , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlow direction modeling consists of (a) an accurate representation of the river network and (b) digital elevation model (DEM) processing to preserve characteristics with hydrological significance. In part 1 of our study, we presented a mesh‐independent approach to representing river networks on different types of meshes. This follow‐up part 2 study presents a novel DEM processing approach for flow direction modeling. This approach consists of (a) a topological relationship‐based hybrid breaching‐filling method to conduct stream burning for the river network and (b) a modified depression removal method for rivers and hillslopes. Our methods reduce modifications to surface elevations and provide a robust two‐step procedure to remove local depressions in DEM. They are mesh‐independent and can be applied to both structured and unstructured meshes. We applied our new methods with different model configurations to the Susquehanna River Basin. The results show that topological relationship‐based stream burning and depression‐filling methods can reproduce the correct river networks, providing high‐quality flow direction and other characteristics for hydrologic and Earth system models.
Local and Environmental Reservoirs ofSalmonella entericaAfter Hurricane Florence Flooding
Authors: Mao Yuqing , Zeineldin Mohamed , Usmani Moiz , Jutla Antarpreet , Shisler Joanna L. , Whitaker Rachel J. , Nguyen Thanh H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn many regions of the world, including the United States, human and animal fecal genetic markers have been found in flood waters. In this study, we use high‐resolution whole genomic sequencing to examine the origin and distribution ofSalmonella entericaafter the 2018 Hurricane Florence flooding. We specifically asked whetherS. entericaisolated from water samples collected near swine farms in North Carolina shortly after Hurricane Florence had evidence of swine origin. To investigate this, we isolated and fully sequenced 18 independentS. entericastrains from 10 locations (five flooded and five unflooded). We found that all strains have extremely similar chromosomes with only five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and possessed two plasmids assigned bioinformatically to the incompatibility groups IncFIB and IncFII. The chromosomal core genome and the IncFIB plasmid are most closely related to environmentalSalmonellastrains isolated previously from the southeastern US. In contrast, the IncFII plasmid was found in environmentalS. entericastrains whose genomes were more divergent, suggesting the IncFII plasmid is more promiscuous than the IncFIB type. We identified 65 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in each of our 18S. entericaisolates. All ARGs were located on theSalmonellachromosome, similar to other previously characterized environmental isolates. All isolates with different SNPs were resistant to a panel of commonly used antibiotics. These results highlight the importance of environmental sources of antibiotic‐resistantS. entericaafter extreme flood events.
Observations of a Mini‐Magnetosphere Above the Martian Crustal Magnetic Fields
Authors: Fan Kai , Wei Yong , Fraenz Markus , Cui Jun , He Fei , Yan Limei , Chai Lihui , Zhong Jun , Rong Zhaojin , Dubinin Eduard 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMars is typically regarded as a non‐magnetic planet. Currents in the Martian ionosphere generate a Venus‐like induced magnetosphere which deflects the solar wind flows and piles up the interplanetary magnetic fields. However, crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere influence local plasma properties. Using observations from the MAVEN mission, we characterize the distinguishing plasma characteristics of a mini‐magnetosphere that forms on the Martian dayside. We establish three criteria to differentiate this mini‐magnetosphere from the induced magnetosphere. Notably, the mini‐magnetosphere exhibits higher plasma beta (values near 1), with a balance between planetary ions, crustal magnetic fields, and the solar wind at the magnetopause. Observations show that the crustal magnetosphere reaches an altitude of 1,300 km, larger than one‐third of the Martian radius, indicating a dichotomy between the induced northern and the crustal southern magnetospheres. These findings offer novel insights into the distinctive properties of hybrid magnetospheres in the near‐Mars space.
Assessing the Robustness of Arctic Sea Ice Bi‐Stability in the Presence of Atmospheric Feedbacks
Authors: Hankel Camille , Tziperman Eli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArctic sea‐ice loss is influenced by multiple positive feedbacks, sparking concerns of accelerated loss in the coming years or even a tipping point, where a sea‐ice equilibrium disappears at a given CO2 value and sea ice rapidly evolves to a new steady state. Such a tipping point would imply a bi‐stability of the Arctic climate—where multiple steady‐state Arctic climates are possible at the same CO2 value. Previous works have sought to establish the existence of bi‐stability using a range of models, from zero‐dimensional sea ice thermodynamic models to fully coupled global climate models, with conflicting results. Here, we present a new model of the Arctic that includes both sea‐ice thermodynamics and key atmospheric feedbacks in a simple framework. We exploit the model's simplicity to identify physical mechanisms that control the timing and extent of sea‐ice bi‐stability, and the abruptness of ice loss. We show that longwave radiation feedbacks can have a strong influence on Arctic surface climate from atmospheric temperature increases alone, even without major contributions from clear‐sky moisture or convective clouds suggested previously. While winter sea‐ice bi‐stability is robust to changes in uncertain model parameters in this study, summer sea ice is more sensitive. Finally, our model indicates that positive feedbacks may modulate the CO2 threshold of sea‐ice loss and the width of bi‐stability much more strongly than the abruptness of loss. These results lead to a comprehensive understanding of the conditions that favor Arctic sea‐ice bi‐stability, particularly the role of atmospheric feedbacks, in both future and past climates.