bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willingness to accept Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) for Malaria Prevention and associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Kamil , Weldu Angesom , Bekele Bayu Begashaw 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) remains one of the key vector control interventions for reducing malaria transmission. However, willingness to accept and determinants have not been well assessed in areas with less access to health facilities and infrastructure. Hence, this study aimed to assess households willingness to accept IRS and associated factors in Bench Sheko zone, Southwest Region of Ethiopia.
Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 589 randomly selected household heads from April 1 to 30, 2023. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of willingness to accept IRS using SPSS version 25. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% CI was used to measure the strength of the association.
Result
The overall household willingness to accept IRS for malaria control was 59.4% (95% CI: 55.3%- 63.3%). Households with secondary school education and above (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.21–8.53; age ≥ 35 years, AOR = 3.51; 95% CI: 1.68–7.33; good knowledge about malaria, AOR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21–4.26; receiving sensitization, AOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.05–3.76; increased odds of accepting an IRS; perceived bedbug and flea activation, AOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20–0.97; and decreased likelihood of IRS acceptance after controlling for other variables in the final model.
Conclusion
The willingness to accept the IRS was low due to socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors. Therefore, enhancing targeted community sensitization activities and mobilization is crucial for maximizing the uptake and acceptance of the IRS.
A Novel Fast Railway Foreign Objects Intrusion Detection Method Based on Cascaded Convolution Neural Network and Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Meng Siming , Chen Weixun , Jiang Yuelong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The efficient and accurate detection of foreign objects invading railway tracks holds paramount importance in safeguarding the safety of train operations. Focusing on the problem of the low efficiency of the existing foreign objects detection methods, this work proposes a fast railway foreign objects intrusion detection method based on cascaded convolution neural network and knowledge distillation. First, a two-stage cascade convolution neural network is built.The first stage can identify whether the railway images are intruded by foreign objects or not. This is achieved by a light weight image classification network.In the second stage,YOLOv3 is employed to classify and locate the objects in the intruded railway image. The use of lightweight classification network can reduce the use of the object detection network, thus improving the overall efficiency of the railway foreign objects intrusion detection method in this paper. Secondly, this paper employs the Overhaul knowledge distillation algorithm to train a lightweight network that is supervised by a larger network, so that the lightweight network constructed in this paper also has satisfying image classification performance. Finally, the YOLOv3 object detection network is used to detect the foreign object image classified by the first level network. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the image classification network proposed in this paper is competitive to the classical backbone network, and the FPS is about 50–70 higher than the comparison method.
Hypothyroidism and Preeclampsia or Eclampsia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: XIE Yafei , YIN Qiaozhi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Numerous observational studies have consistently demonstrated an elevated risk of preeclampsia or eclampsia among individuals with hypothyroidism; however, the establishment of a causal relationship between these conditions has remained inconclusive due to inherent confounding biases in traditional retrospective and prospective studies. This study employs two-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal impact of hypothyroidism on preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Methods
Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with hypothyroidism were selected as instrumental variables from a FinnGen Consortium comprising 26,306 hypothyroid patients of European origin and 187,684 controls, and the pooled statistics for pre-eclampsia or eclampsia included 3,903 cases and 114,735 controls. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) was used as the primary estimate, supplemented by MR-Egger and weighted medians. Heterogeneity and horizontal polymorphisms were assessed using MR-PRESSO to remove biased SNPs, Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger intercept analysis.
Result
Individuals with higher genetic liability for hypothyroidism were more likely to develop preeclampsia or eclampsia (OR,1.105; 95%CI,1.02–1.12; p < 0.05).
Conclusion
We discovered that the risk of preeclampsia or eclampsia in women with genetically indicated hypothyroidism has existed since development. Our findings may encourage hypothyroid women of reproductive age to seek treatment before trying to get pregnant in order to lower their risk of preeclampsia or eclampsia during pregnancy.
Characterization and authentication of anoikis signature forecast clinical features, TMB mutations and immune-filtration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: An Shaogu , Xu Ziwei , Ma Junjie , Gao Shuang , Chen Chunchun , Hu Junjie , Lu Jin , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Ongoing research has underlined the significant biological dimensions of anoikis in carcinogenicity and progression of multiple tumors. However, there is no definitive role for anoikis in the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Methods
In this study, we employed ssGSEA to construct anoikis scores for 273 anoikis genes and screened 184 anoikis-associated genes by WGCNA and single-cell sequencing. The LASSO algorithm configured the LUAD prognostic risk cohort, and the CIBERSORT algorithm assessed differences in the infiltration abundance of 22 immune cells. The TIDE algorithm calculated discrimination based on anoikis risk cohort for immune therapy variation. Finally, the prognostic value of the two models was evaluated separately by machine learning algorithms.
Results
ssGSEA calculated the anoikis-related gene score (ARGS), which was classified into high ARGS and low ARGS based on the prognosis of LUAD patients. Single-cell sequencing verified the distribution of ARGS on different cellular taxa and constructed a set of models to predict LUAD based on the differential genes of high and low ARGS. Single-cell sequencing was performed to validate the distribution of ARGS in different cell populations and to construct a set of predictive models for LUAD based on the differential genes of high and low ARGS, Risk was developed based on LOX, MSX1, FSTL3, STEAP1, PMEPA1, SNAI1, ABCA6, PLOD2, SEMA3A, FRMD6. Further validation was performed in the Gene Expression Omnibus score (GEO) dataset. The immune and mesenchymal scores were generated by an estimation algorithm for LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and assessed the relationship between higher and lower-risk groups of the model. Higher risk was also negatively associated with the abundance of B cells, CD4 + T cells, and other stromal or immune cells. Mutations in genes occurred more frequently in the high-risk group. These mutations may be associated with changes in TME and suggest the patient's response to immunotherapy. For the drug sensitivity analysis, the high-risk group had a lower IC50 in some chemotherapeutic agents and targeted agents, suggesting that the high-risk group is more sensitive to these agents.
Conclusion
This study reinforces that anoikis patterns are significantly associated with the diversity and complexity of TME. Quantitative assessment of anoikis modification patterns in LUAD will reinforce our insights into TME characteristics and catalyze more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
Comparison of Safety Profiles for Dapagliflozin Based on Safety Issues of EMA and FDA: Challenges and Future of Post-Marketing Surveillance in Korea
Authors: Park Suvin , Kim Hee-Jin , Won Heehyun , Lee Huieon , Cho Haerin , Choi Nam-Kyong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Europe, the United States, and Korea each have post-marketing surveillance (PMS) systems for rare or unexpected adverse events (AEs). To compare similarities in the PMS AEs from three regulatory agencies, we used information on the regulatory decisions for dapagliflozin. We examined the risk management plan of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the drug label of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In Korea, we utilized the outcomes of the signal detection we conducted using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) data and the results of the use-result surveillance listed on the drug labels. Based on the safety issues of EMA and FDA, signals from KAERS and AEs from the use-result surveillance were manually matched and compared. We compared 38 signals from KAERS and 231 AEs from the use-result surveillance data based on 17 safety issues identified by EMA and FDA. We found that 71% of these safety issues were consistent with those in Korea. However, bladder carcinoma, haematocrit increased, hypoglycaemia, low-density lipoprotein increased, and prostate cancer were not identified in Korea. The EMA and FDA have implemented ongoing PMS systems to identify and address long-term AEs. Korea needs to develop processes for strengthening and evaluating signals.
Disciplining Ballots? – (Un-intended) Effects of Voter Engagement on the Fiscal Sustainability of Swiss Cantons
Authors: Bury Yannick , Feld Lars P. , Köhler Ekkehard A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We test whether the proactive use of instruments of direct democracy by voters can help to explain fiscal sustainability of 25 Swiss cantons. Using data of all cantonal popular votes since 1977, our results show that the fiscal reaction of cantonal governments to an increase in the debt to GDP ratio of a canton is stronger, the more cantonal voters actively made use of their direct democratic rights in the previous year.
JEL Codes: H11 H50 D72
Pathways and identity: toward qualitative research careers in child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Martin Andres , diGiovanni Madeline , Acquaye Amber , Ponticiello Matthew , Chou Débora Tseng , Neto Emilio Abelama , Michel Alexandre , Sibeoni Jordan , Piot Marie-Aude , Spodenkiewicz Michel , Benoit Laelia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Qualitative research methods are based on the analysis of words rather than numbers; they encourage self-reflection on the investigator’s part; they are attuned to social interaction and nuance; and they incorporate their subjects’ thoughts and feelings as primary sources. Despite appearing ideally suited for research in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP), qualitative methods have had relatively minor uptake in the discipline. We conducted a qualitative study of CAPs involved in qualitative research to learn about this shortcoming, and to identify modifiable factors to promote qualitative methods within the field of youth mental health.
Methods
We conducted individual, semi-structured 1-hour long interviews through Zoom. Using purposive sample, we selected 23 participants drawn from the US (n=12) and from France (n=11), and equally divided in each country across seniority level. All participants were current or aspiring CAPs and had published at least one peer-reviewed qualitative article. Ten participants were women (44%). We recorded all interviews digitally and transcribed them for analysis. We coded the transcripts according to the principles of thematic analysis and approached data analysis, interpretation, and conceptualization informed by an interpersonal phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework.
Results
Through iterative thematic analysis we developed a conceptual model consisting of three domains: (1) Becominga qualitativist: embracing a different way of knowing (in turn divided into the three themes of priming factors/personal fit; discovering qualitative research; and transitioning in); (2) Being a qualititavist: immersing oneself in a different kind of research (in turn divided into quality: doing qualitative research well; and community: mentors, mentees, and teams); and (3) Nurturing: toward a higher quality future in CAP (in turn divided into current state of qualitative methods in CAP; and advocating for qualitative methods in CAP). For each domain, we go on to propose specific strategies to enhance entry into qualitative careers and research in CAP: (1) Becoming: personalizing the investigator’s research focus; balancing inward and outward views; and leveraging practical advantages; (2) Being: seeking epistemological flexibility; moving beyond bibliometrics; and the potential and risks of mixing methods; and (3) Nurturing: invigorating a quality pipeline; and building communities.
Conclusions
We have identified factors that can impede or support entry into qualitative research among CAPs. Based on these modifiable findings, we propose possible solutions to enhance entry into qualitative methods in CAP (pathways), and to foster longer-term commitment to this type of research (identity).
Generalized weak Galerkin finite element method for linear elasticity interface problems
Authors: Wang Yue , Gao Fuzheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A generalized weak Galerkin finite element method for linear elasticity interface problems is presented. The generalized weak gradient (divergence) is consisted of classical gradient (divergence) and the solution of local problem. Thus, the finite element space can be extended to arbitrary combination of piecewise polynomial spaces. The error equation and error estimates with flexible combination are proved. The numerical results illustrate the efficiency and flexibility for different interfaces, partitions and combinations, the locking-free property, the well performance for low regularity solution in discrete energy, L^2 and L^∞ norms. Meanwhile, we present the numerical comparison between our algorithm and the weak Galerkin finite element algorithm to demonstrate the flexibility of our algorithm. In addition, for some cases, the convergence rates in numerical tests are obviously higher than the theoretical prediction for the smooth and low regularity solutions.
Weight Estimation in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) And/Or Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): A Comparison Between Mercy and Cattermole Methods
Authors: Zulkifli Maizatul Naqiah , Ibrahim Nurul Huda , Awiskarnis Anis Aslah , Kassim Norasimah , Mesbah Siti Farhana , Othman Salimah , Omar Mohd Azahadi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Weight is an essential parameter in identifying nutritional status in children with special healthcare needs including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). However, weight measurement using a standard scale is challenging especially for children who are nervous and uncooperative. Therefore, this study aims to determine the accuracy of the weight estimation methods between Mercy and Cattermole in estimating weight in children with ASD and/or ADHD at selected community-based rehabilitation (CBR) centers located in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, and Negeri Sembilan. A total of 198 children with ASD and/or ADHD aged 2-18 years participated in the cross-sectional study through a convenience sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements included weight, humeral length, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured and applied to two distinct methods for estimating weight, Cattermole and Mercy. Mean error (ME), mean percentage error (MPE), root mean square error (RMSE), limits of agreement (LoA), and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine the validity, reliability, and agreement between estimated weight and actual weight. The mean age of children was 8.07 years (SD: 3.72). The Mercy method demonstrated the smallest degree of bias including absolute MPE (-1.9 ± 11.1% vs. 12.0 ± 21.5%), and RMSE (3.36 kg vs. 6.19 kg). Mercy had the highest ICC value (0.988 vs. 0.954) and the estimated weight was within 20% of the actual weight in the majority of subjects (93.9% vs. 63.1%) compared to Cattermole method. The Mercy method provides the best option for weight estimation in Malaysian children with ASD and/or ADHD aged between 2 to 18 years old if the standard weight measurement is unavailable.
Accurate Prediction of Protein-Ligand Interactions by Combining Physical Energy Functions and Graph-Neural Networks
Authors: Hong Yiyu , Ha Junsu , Lim Chae Jo , Oh Kwang-Seok , Chandrasekaran Ramakrishnan , Kim Bomin , Choi Jieun , Ko Junsu , Shin Woong-Hee , Lee Juyong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

While current computer-aided drug discovery methods offer accuracy or computational efficiency in predicting protein-ligand binding affinities, they face challenges in large-scale virtual screenings. Although promising, machine-learning models have shortcomings stemming from limited training sets and docking pose uncertainties. To address these shortcomings, we introduce AK-Score2, a novel protein-ligand interaction prediction model. This model uniquely integrates three independent models designed to predict interaction probability, binding affinity, and root-mean-square deviation of complexes. AK-Score2 considers both binding affinity errors and pose prediction uncertainties by incorporating native-like and decoy conformations. A distinctive feature of AK-Score2 is its combination of outputs from the three models with a physics-based scoring function, offering a harmonized prediction method. The benchmark results with three independent decoy sets demonstrate that AK-Score2 significantly outperforms in forward screening than existing machine learning models and physics-based scoring functions. A practical validation study identified 23 active autotaxin inhibitors out of 63 candidates, demonstrating a significant efficiency in hit discovery.
A comparative study on the vector description of typical structured light beams
Authors: Ma Wangqi , Cui Zhiwei , Cao Xinyi , Liu Lanbo , Zhao Wenjuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in studying structured light beams, which exhibit a series of interesting properties and have potential applications in many fields, especially in the field of optical trapping and manipulation. An accurate description of the structured light beams is the theoretical basis for such an application. As a special type of electromagnetic waves, the structured light beams need to be described using full vector methods. In this paper, we report a comparative study of the vector potential method and the vector angular spectrum representation for describing the structured light beams. The basic principles and formulas of these two full vector methods are presented. Explicit expressions for the electric and magnetic field components of the typical structured light beams, including the fundamental Gaussian beams, Hermite-Gaussian beams, Laguerre-Gaussian beams, Bessel beams, and Airy beams, are systematically derived. The results obtained from the two methods are compared and analyzed. Our results are very useful to the implementation of the structured light beams in various theoretical and numerical methods for scattering by particles.
Plasmon properties in four-layer graphene structures: Temperature and Inhomogeneity effects
Authors: Phuong Dong Thi Kim , Van Men Nguyen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We employ the random-phase approximation to determine the collective excitations and respective broadening functions in 4-MLG structures on an inhomogeneous background dielectric within the temperature effects. Computations present that four plasmon modes exist, corresponding to one in-phase and three out-of-phase oscillations of charged particles, in the systems. We obtain that plasmon frequency and respective broadening functions behave as increasing functions of temperature with sufficiently large wave vectors. Dissimilarly, in small wave vector regions, the increase in temperature slightly decreases plasmon energy, but further temperature increases increase this parameter. In addition, as the separation increases, both plasmon frequency and broadening functions significantly decrease, and the inhomogeneity of the dielectric background decreases strongly plasmon energy and its loss. We observe that both temperature and the inhomogeneity of the environment should be taken into account in calculations.
PACS: 73.22.Pr; 73.20.Mf; 73.21.Ac
Life Disturbance and Hospital Visit Barriers among Chinese Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: An ZiYan , Zhou QiWei , Shao JinPeng , Xiao ShuWei , Zhao Kun , Wei WenJie , Wu YangYang , Song Yong , Yuan Qing , Fu WeiJun , Zhang Xu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: The impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on the quality of life of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been rarely reported. Additionally, the challenges faced by these patients in seeking medical care have often been overlooked. In order to explore the personal struggles caused by LUTS and the difficulties or barriers experienced by Chinese patients with BPH when seeking help, we conducted a qualitative interview study.
Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted among 46 patients with BPH who were hospitalized in three tertiary hospitals in China from July 2021 to November 2022. After obtaining written informed consent from the study participants, semi-structured interviews were conducted according to the question guidelines. The interview process was audio-recorded; subsequently, the recordings were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed.
Results:The difficulties faced by Chinese patients with BPH were classified into seven main themes: (i) disturbed life, (ii) mental burden, (iii) disease cognition and communication, (iv) delayed treatment, (v) treatment status, (vi) hospital visits barriers, and (vii) medical insurance issues. Further, each theme was subdivided into 2–5 sub-themes.
Conclusions: LUTS have a certain effect on the life and spirit of patients with BPH. These patients face different degrees of difficulties in treatment and hospital visits. Therefore, better healthcare systems and additional social support are crucial for improving the current plight of these patients.