bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Litigation in a ‘Developmental State’: The Case of China
Authors: Zhu Mingzhe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Despite the absence of a framework climate law, China’s judiciary has expressed its determination to take climate change litigation seriously. This article argues that the Chinese approach to climate change litigation can be better understood within China’s climate governance paradigm. Primarily understanding climate change as a matter of development instead of a matter of environment or human rights, the Chinese government believes that mitigation and adaptation can only be achieved through a smarter development strategy. The state entrusts the power of making and implementing climate policy to the developmental and industrial departments of the executive branch, allowing them to use macroeconomic measures to transform the structure of energy and industry. If this paradigm persists, Chinese judges are unlikely to condemn carbon majors or require the adaptation of more ambitious climate goals. Instead, the judiciary will interpret statutory law or contracts in light of the state’s climate goals, with the hope of incentivizing industrial upgrades. Despite this approach’s apparent advantages of mainstreaming climate considerations, judges are facing the challenge of employing more sophisticated legal techniques and empirical expertise in respect of the energy system.
Climate Litigation, Extraterritoriality of Human Rights and the German Constitution
Authors: Main-Klingst Lea , Ott Hermann E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Constitutional obligations can bind the authorities of a state not only in relation to their own citizens but also to people living abroad. The extent of this ‘extraterritoriality of human rights’ has been the subject of much debate. Recent decisions by German courts, in particular the Constitutional Court, have begun spelling out the reach of this obligation for German authorities. In 2020, citizens from Bangladesh and Nepal turned to the Constitutional Court, submitting a complaint, alongside German individuals, on the insufficient and weak climate policy of the German government. As part of its subsequent landmark decision, the Constitutional Court surprisingly upheld the admissibility of the complaints by non-German nationals living outside of Germany. The Court confirmed that greenhouse gas emissions emanating from Germany could potentially give rise to a duty to protect people abroad from the adverse effects of climate change, based on the fundamental rights protection provided under the Basic Law. However, the Court dismissed the complaints on substantive grounds. It established that – should extraterritorial obligations exist – these would differ from domestic obligations in both content and standard of review. Yet, the Court fell short in establishing a suitable standard for assessing a breach of the duty to protect in an extraterritorial context.
Snowfall Measurements at Wind-Exposed and Sheltered Sites in the Rocky Mountains of Southeastern Wyoming
Authors: Marlow Samuel A. , Frank John M. , Burkhart Matthew , Borkhuu Bujidmaa , Fuller Shelby E. , Snider Jefferson R. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Snowfall is an important driver of physical and biological processes in alpine systems. Previous work has shown that surface deposition of snow can vary for reasons not directly related to precipitation processes and that this variance has consequence for water budgets in snow-dominated terrestrial systems. In this work, measurements were made over several winter seasons in a forest–meadow ecotone in the Rocky Mountains of southeastern Wyoming. Two groups of measurements—both with wind-exposed and sheltered precipitation gauges—were analyzed. Reasonable agreement between snow deposition from a Hotplate gauge (exposed) and snow deposition from a SNOTEL pillow gauge (sheltered) is reported. The other result is that snow deposition is enhanced at an exposed gauge that was deployed on the leeward side of a forest–meadow edge. The enhancement is approximately a factor of 2 and varies with wind direction and speed and with upwind forest coverage. The enhancement is greater than was documented in an earlier investigation of Rocky Mountain snow deposition; however, in that study measurements were conducted above tree line.
Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar
Authors: Shimada Udai , Reasor Paul D. , Rogers Robert F. , Fischer Michael S. , Marks Frank D. , Zawislak Jonathan A. , Zhang Jun A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While recent observational studies of intensifying (IN) versus steady-state (SS) hurricanes have noted several differences in their axisymmetric and asymmetric structures, there remain gaps in the characterization of these differences in a fully three-dimensional framework. To address these limitations, this study investigates differences in the shear-relative asymmetric structure between IN and SS hurricanes using airborne Doppler radar data from a dataset covering an extended period of time. Statistics from individual cases show that IN cases are characterized by peak wavenumber-1 ascent concentrated in the upshear-left (USL) quadrant at ∼12-km height, consistent with previous studies. Moderate updrafts (2–6 m s−1) occur more frequently in the downshear eyewall for IN cases than for SS cases, likely leading to a higher frequency of moderate to strong updrafts USL above 9-km height. Composites of IN cases show that low-level outflow from the eye region associated with maximum wavenumber-1 vorticity inside the radius of maximum wind (RMW) in the downshear-left quadrant converges with low-level inflow outside the RMW, forming a stronger local secondary circulation in the downshear eyewall than SS cases. The vigorous eyewall convection of IN cases produces a net vertical mass flux increasing with height up to ∼5 km and then is almost constant up to 10 km, whereas the net vertical mass flux of SS cases decreases with height above 4 km. Strong USL upper-level ascent provides greater potential for the vertical development of the hurricane vortex, which is argued to be favorable for continued intensification in shear environments.
Non-Cognitive Adaptive Resourcefulness: Scrutiny of Its Multidimensionality and Nomological Validity
Authors: Denovan Andrew , Dagnall Neil , Drinkwater Kenneth 
Published: December 2023

Recent research has observed that Mental Toughness, Optimal Regulation, and Self-Efficacy share core features and variance. Investigators have named this commonality Non-Cognitive Adaptive Resourcefulness (NCAR). The NCAR validation study reported that the construct possesses promising psychometric properties, however, further research is required to replicate and extend these findings. Acknowledging this, the present paper using a UK-based sample of 1998 participants ( Mage = 40 years, range 18–83), tested the NCAR model against competing alternatives (multidimensional and one-factor solutions), and assessed the nomological validity of NCAR in relation to Perceived Stress and Anxiety Control. Participants completed the self-report study measures online. Exploratory structural equation modelling revealed that a bifactor solution represented data more effectively than one-factor and multi-factor alternatives. Additionally, a structural equation model found that NCAR significantly predicted Perceived Stress (subfactors of Distress and Coping) and Anxiety Control (subfactors of Emotional Control, Threat Control, and Stress Control). Moreover, NCAR predicted PSS Coping and Emotional Control to a greater extent than the specific bifactors (Mental Toughness, Optimal Regulation, and Self-Efficacy). This suggested that NCAR comprises an underpinning, positive psychological energy that facilitates coping. Particularly, an enabling resource that enhances the capacity to thrive under pressure and retain emotional control in demanding and trying circumstances.
Identification and validation of a seven cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature to predict the prognosis of endometrial cancer
Authors: Cai Luya , Cai Limeng , Zhou Lin , Zhao Yating , Qian Jianhua 
Published: December 2023

Objective Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in women. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with EC. Methods We obtained clinical information and transcriptome data for 552 patients with EC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs were obtained through Pearson’s correlation analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied and a signature predicting overall survival (OS) among patients with EC was constructed. We also analyzed the tumor immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity. The results were validated by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine and wound-healing assays. Results Seven cuproptosis-associated lncRNAs related to prognosis were screened out and a signature was constructed. OS was significantly superior in the low-risk group. In addition, patients in the low-risk group had more CD8+ T cell infiltration, a stronger type II interferon response, and greater cisplatin sensitivity. Expression levels of some of the lncRNAs were significantly increased by cuproptosis. Furthermore, silencing of lncRNA AC084117.1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of EC cells. Conclusion We constructed a seven cuproptosis-associated lncRNA signature to predict the prognosis of patients with EC with good predictive power.
Comparison of hamate versus second or third toe osteochondral graft using magnetic resonance imaging for reconstruction of proximal interphalangeal fracture-dislocations
Authors: Hamilton Sam , Troupis Christopher , Hong Trudy , Tran Anthony , Troupis John , Leong James C. S. 
Published: December 2023

Hemi-hamate arthroplasty is a method used to reconstruct complex fracture-dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers. Other graft sites, including the toe second and third phalanges, have been proposed as alternatives to hemi-hamate arthroplasty due to variable clinical outcomes and anatomy. Through a prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based study in asymptomatic individuals, we aimed to characterize the anatomy of the proximal interphalangeal joint and compare this with the hamate, second and third toes to determine the closest anatomical match using pre-determined measurements. Our results show that the second and third toes have greater anatomical similarity to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers compared to the hamate. High-resolution MRI is a reliable method of characterizing the anatomy of these structures and could be a useful clinical tool in determining reconstructive options in the management of this challenging injury. Level of evidence: II
Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of interferon-beta-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: a literature-based retrospective analysis
Authors: Wang Chunjiang , Fang Weijin , Sun Wei , Zhao Shaoli , Peng Liping 
Published: December 2023

Background: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare side effect of interferon-beta (IFN-β) therapy. The clinical characteristics of IFN-β-induced TMA are unknown. Objectives: To explore the clinical characteristics of IFN-β-induced TMA and provide reference for the prevention of TMA. Design: Articles on IFN-β-induced TMA were collected by searching the literature in relevant Chinese and English databases from inception to 31 July 2023. Methods: Data in the articles were extracted and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Forty-seven patients, with a median age of 41 years (range 22, 66), were included in the analysis. The median time to the diagnosis of IFN-β-induced TMA was 8 years (range 0.1–30) after administration. The main clinical symptoms were neurological symptoms (51.1%), hypertension (78.7%), dyspnea (19.1%), edema (19.1%), asthenia/fatigue (19.1%), and digestive symptoms (17.0%). Most patients presented with hemolytic anemia (76.6%), thrombocytopenia (63.8%), and acute kidney injury (70.2%). All patients stopped IFN-β and received plasma exchange therapy (53.2%), systemic steroids (46.8%), antihypertensive therapy (46.8%), eculizumab (12.8%), and rituximab (12.8%). Kidney damage was not completely reversible; 40.4% of patients achieved renal function and hematology remission, 27.7% developed chronic kidney disease, 25.5% developed end-stage renal disease, and 2.1% died. Conclusion: IFN-β-induced TMA is a rare but serious complication that can be life-threatening. It may occur after many years of IFN-β therapy, and patients taking IFN-β should be monitored for symptoms such as headache and hypertension.
CircZNF609 regulates pulmonary fibrosis via miR-145-5p/KLF4 axis and its translation function
Authors: Sun Wenqing , Zhou Siyun , Peng Lan , Liu Yi , Cheng Demin , Wang Yue , Ni Chunhui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary fibrosis is a growing clinical problem that develops as a result of abnormal wound healing, leading to breathlessness, pulmonary dysfunction and ultimately death. However, therapeutic options for pulmonary fibrosis are limited because the underlying pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Circular RNAs, as key regulators in various diseases, remain poorly understood in pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica.

Methods
We performed studies with fibroblast cell lines and silica-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis models. The expression of circZNF609, miR-145-5p, and KLF4 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays and m6A RNA immunoprecipitation assays (MeRIP), Western blotting, immunofluorescence assays, and CCK8 were performed to investigate the role of the circZNF609/miR-145-5p/KLF4 axis and circZNF609-encoded peptides in fibroblast activation.

Results
Our data showed that circZNF609 was downregulated in activated fibroblasts and silica-induced fibrotic mouse lung tissues. Overexpression of circZNF609 could inhibit fibroblast activation induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Mechanically, we revealed that circZNF609 regulates pulmonary fibrosis via miR-145-5p/KLF4 axis and circZNF609-encoded peptides. Furthermore, circZNF609 was highly methylated and its expression was controlled by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Lastly, in vivo studies revealed that overexpression of circZNF609 attenuates silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that circZNF609 is a critical regulator of fibroblast activation and silica-induced lung fibrosis. The circZNF609 and its derived peptides may represent novel promising targets for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Tuberculosis reactivation demonstrated by choroiditis and inflammatory choroidal neovascular membrane in a patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignant mucosal melanoma
Authors: Murphy Melissa L. , Rogers Duncan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe a complex case of ocular tuberculosis reactivation with anterior uveitis, choroiditis and inflammatory choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) treatment of malignant mucosal melanoma.

Methods
A retrospective collection of medical history, clinical findings and multimodal imaging with literature review of the topic was conducted.

Results
A 52-year-old Romanian female developed reduced vision and photophobia after three cycles of ICPI therapy comprised of ipilimumab and nivolumab. Bilateral anterior uveitis, multiple left eye choroidal lesions and a CNVM were confirmed using slit-lamp examination with ancillary multimodal imaging. Retinal changes in the right eye as well as a history of previously treated posterior uveitis and high-risk ethnicity increased clinical suspicion for ocular tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. The diagnosis was confirmed by TB positivity on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of lung aspirate followed by significant clinical improvement on systemic anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), systemic steroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Conclusions
ICPIs can cause a myriad of ocular issues, both by primary immunomodulatory effects as well as secondary reactivation of latent disease.
Identification of the CONSTANS-like family in Cymbidium sinense, and their functional characterization
Authors: Lu Youfa , Li Tengji , Zhao Xiaolan , Wang Mingjun , Huang Jiexian , Huang Ziqin , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Duan Jun , Si Can , Zhang Jianxia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Cymbidium sinense is an orchid that is typically used as a potted plant, given its high-grade ornamental characteristics, and is most frequently distributed in China and SE Asia. The inability to strictly regulate flowering in this economically important potted and cut-flower orchid is a bottleneck that limits its industrial development. Studies on C. sinense flowering time genes would help to elucidate the mechanism regulating flowering. There are very few studies on the genetic regulation of flowering pathways in C. sinense. Photoperiod significantly affects the flowering of C. sinense, but it was unknown how the CONSTANS gene family is involved in regulating flowering.

Results
In this study, eight CONSTANS-like genes were identified and cloned. They were divided into three groups based on a phylogenetic analysis. Five representative CsCOL genes (CsCOL3/4/6/8/9) were selected from the three groups to perform expression characterization and functional study. CsCOL3/4/6/8/9 are nucleus-localized proteins, and all five CsCOL genes were expressed in all organs, mainly in leaves followed by sepals. The expression levels of CsCOL3/4 (group I) were higher in all organs than other CsCOL genes. Developmental stage specific expression revealed that the expression of CsCOL3/4/9 peaked at the initial flowering stage. In contrast, the transcript level of CsCOL6/8 was highest at the pedicel development stage. Photoperiodic experiments demonstrated that the transcripts of the five CsCOL genes exhibited distinct diurnal rhythms. Under LD conditions, the overexpression of CsCOL3/4 promoted early flowering, and CsCOL6 had little effect on flowering time, whereas CsCOL8 delayed flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana. However, under SD conditions, overexpression of CsCOL4/6/8 promoted early flowering and the rosette leaves growth, and CsCOL3 induced flower bud formation in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Conclusion
The phylogenetic analysis, temporal and spatial expression patterns, photoperiodic rhythms and functional study indicate that CsCOL family members in C. sinense were involved in growth, development and flowering regulation through different photoperiodic pathway. The results will be useful for future research on mechanisms pertaining to photoperiod-dependent flowering, and will also facilitate genetic engineering-based research that uses Cymbidium flowering time genes.
Doxycycline vs azithromycin in patients with scrub typhus: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Boodman Carl , Jouego Christelle Genevieve , Van Den Broucke Steven 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Scrub typhus is a bacterial mite-borne disease associated with poor clinical outcomes if not treated adequately. The study aimed to compare the time to defervescence, clinical failure, mortality and treatment-related adverse effects of two common drugs (doxycycline and azithromycin) used for its treatment.

Methodology
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies up to 20.03.2023 were screened for eligibility in Pubmed and Embase using a search string containing terms related to scrub typhus, doxycycline and azithromycin. After two phases of screening, all comparative studies where doxycycline and azithromycin were used to treat scrub typhus were included. The studies were critically appraised using standardised tools, and a meta-analysis was performed for time to defervescence (primary outcome), clinical failure, mortality and treatment-related adverse effects.

Results
Of 744 articles from two databases, ten were included in the meta-analysis. All but two studies had a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis for time to defervescence had a high heterogeneity and did not show any significant difference between doxycycline and azithromycin arms [Mean difference of -3.37 hours (95%CI: -10.31 to 3.57), p=0.34]. When the analysis was restricted to studies that included only severe scrub typhus, doxycycline was found to have a shorter time to defervescence [mean difference of -10.15 (95%CI: -19.83 to -0.46) hours, p=0.04]. Additionally, there was no difference between the two arms concerning clinical failure, mortality and treatment-related adverse effects.

Conclusion
The current data from studies with a high risk of bias did not find statistically significant differences in clinical outcomes between doxycycline and azithromycin for scrub typhus
No association between blood-based markers of immune system and migraine status: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Acarsoy Cevdet , Ruiter Rikje , Bos Daniel , Ikram M. Kamran 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Although some evidence implicates the immune system in migraine attacks, its role during attack-free periods remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we assessed the association between the immune system and migraine status.

Methods
From the population-based Rotterdam Study, we included 6593 participants who underwent blood sampling and migraine assessments. In the blood samples, we measured white blood-cell-based immune markers. As a marker for the innate immune system, granulocyte and platelet counts were determined, whereas lymphocyte counts were used as a marker for the adaptive immune system. Migraine was assessed using a validated questionnaire based on ICHD-2 criteria. We investigated associations between blood-cell counts and migraine using logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex and other variables.

Results
Mean age of participants was 65.6 ± 11.2 years and 56.7% were female. The lifetime prevalence of migraine was 15.1% (995/6593). We found no statistically significant associations between granulocyte (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase 1.01 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.93–1.09), platelet (OR 1.01 CI: 0.94–1.09) or lymphocyte counts (OR 1.01 CI: 0.93–1.08) and migraine status.

Conclusions
Our results do not support an association between white blood-cell-based immunity markers and migraine status.