bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoblastoid cells express HLA‐B27 homodimers both intracellularly and at the cell surface following endosomal recycling
Authors: Bird Lucy A. , Peh Chen Au , Kollnberger Simon , Elliott Tim , McMichael Andrew J. , Bowness Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe MHC class I allele HLA‐B27 is very strongly associated with development of autoimmune spondyloarthritis, although the disease mechanism remains unknown. Class I molecules classically associate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with β2‐microglobulin (β2m) and antigenic peptides for cell surface expression and presentation to T cells. We have previously shown that HLA‐B27 is capable of forming β2m‐free disulfide‐bonded homodimers in vitro. Here we show that HLA‐B27 forms disulfide‐bonded homodimers in vivo by two distinct pathways. HLA‐B27 homodimers form in the ER but appear unable to egress to the cell surface in human cells. Cell surface HLA‐B27 homodimers are abundantly expressed in a variety of lymphoid cell lines. Experiments with inhibitors indicate that HLA‐B27 homodimers can arise from cell‐surface heterodimers via an endosome‐dependent recycling pathway. HLA‐B27 homodimer expression on the cell surface of 721.220 is dependent on the unpaired cysteine67 and is inhibited by restoration of tapasin function or by incubation with peptides that bind strongly to HLA‐B27 heterodimers. Cell surface expressed HLA‐B27 homodimers are likely to be immunologically reactive ligands for NK family immunoreceptors and, hence, could play a pathogenic role in spondyloarthritis.
Distinct contributions of different CD40 TRAF binding sites to CD154‐induced dendritic cell maturation and IL‐12 secretion
Authors: Mackey Matthew F. , Wang Ze , Eichelberg Katrin , Germain Ronald N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe mechanisms by which CD40 controls the maturation and antigen presentation functions of dendritic cells (DC) remains largely undefined in this critical cell type. To examine this question, we have employed retroviral transduction of primary bone marrow‐derived mouse DC. Mutation of the distinct binding sites for TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and for TRAF 2, 3, and 5 in the CD40 cytoplasmic domain revealed their independent contributions to DC maturation and activation of NF‐κB. In contrast, disruption of the TRAF6 but not the TRAF 2,3,5 binding site markedly decreased IL‐12 p40 secretion along with p38 and JNK activation in response to CD154 stimulation. These data document a clear bifurcation of the CD40 signaling cascade in primary DC at the level of thereceptor's two distinct and autonomous TRAF binding sites, and reveal the predominant role of the TRAF6 binding site in CD40‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine production by these cells.
Perforin‐dependent activation‐induced cell death acts through caspase 3 but not through caspases 8 or 9
Authors: Chen Liane , Woo Minna , Hakem Razqallah , Miller Richard G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractActivation‐induced cell death (AICD) is a phenomenon in which activated T cells undergo apoptosis upon restimulation. We are studying a form of AICD that can occur before cells become competent to die by Fas (hence "early" AICD) and which depends on the presence of perforin. Previous studies indicate that it does not occur through granule exocytosis but via some endogenous pathway. We here investigate a possible role for caspases. Caspase 3–/– cells were protected, suggesting a role for caspase 3 in early AICD. After recrosslinking, caspase 3 activity could be detected in cell lysates between 3 and 12 h, and CD8+ T cells became annexin V‐positive between 15 and 18 h. Blocking anti‐Fas ligand antibody failed to inhibit death, and no processing of either caspase 8 or caspase 9 was detected in recrosslinked cells. Furthermore, T cells lacking functional caspase 9 continued to die in early AICD. Thus, perforin‐dependent early AICD appears to require activation of caspase 3, but not caspases 8 or 9. As perforin has no intrinsic catalytic abilities, we propose that it releases some endogenous activity that can activate caspase 3.
O‐Glycosyl Amino Acids by 2‐Nitrogalactal Concatenation − Synthesis of a Mucin‐Type O‐Glycan
Authors: Winterfeld Gottfried A. , Khodair Ahmed I. , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBase‐promoted Michael‐type addition of N‐Boc‐ and N‐Fmoc‐protected serine and threonine esters to 2‐nitrogalactal derivatives 2 and 26 led highly selectively to α‐glycosides 4a−d and 27a,c, respectively. Ensuing transformation of threonine derivative 4d and serine derivatives 4a,b resulted in compounds useful as lysine and dipeptide mimetics. 6‐O‐Desilylation of 27a,c, then 6‐O‐sialylation, and transformation of the nitro group of the galactose moiety into a 2‐acetamido functionality, afforded N‐Boc‐protected serine and threonine tert‐butyl esters 31a,c carrying the O‐protected STN‐antigen at the hydroxy group. The threonine derivative 31c was then transformed into the N‐Fmoc‐protected amino acid building block 33, which was employed for the synthesis of mucin repeating unit partial structure Ac‐GS(STN)‐TAPPAHG‐NH2 (1). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Syntheses of Functionalized 2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridines
Authors: Heller Marcel , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridine compounds are important chelating ligands in a multitude of applications in the fields of supramolecular and macromolecular chemistry as well as electrochemistry. Therefore, a “pool” of functionalized terpyridine derivatives is essential. Classical and modern synthetic strategies towards terpyridine systems and novel functional 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine compounds that originated in the last seven years are reviewed comprehensively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Facile Preparation and Chemical Transformations of Spirocyclopropane‐Annelated Heterocycles
Authors: Meijere Armin de , Kuchuk Ilya D. , Sokolov Viktor V. , Labahn Thomas , Rauch Karsten , Es‐Sayed Mazen , Krämer Thomas 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA productive approach has been developed to spirocyclopropane‐annelated 1,4‐benzoxathiane17(85%), 1,4‐benzothiazines20−22(56−88%) and 1,4‐benzoxazines25,26(55−71%), through Michael additions of binucleophilico‐hydroxythiophenol15,o‐aminothiophenols8ando‐hydroxysulfanilides23onto methyl andtert‐butyl 2‐chloro‐2‐cyclopropylideneacetates (1‐Me,1‐tBu), followed by ring closure in the intermediate of type3through nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom and, in the case of the intermediates20,21and25, elimination of benzenesulfinic acid. Reduction of20awith LiAlH4led to the hydroxymethyl derivative28(88%) with retention of theN‐phenylsulfonyl group, while that of the oxazinecarboxylate26a‐Me gave the β‐amino alcohol27(87%). Selective reduction of the C=N double bond in26a‐Me was achieved with NaBH4in methanol. Halogen‐substituted benzoxazines26b,cwere modified further by Heck coupling with various alkenes. In the presence of a catalytic amount of triphenylphosphane, only the 6‐bromobenzoxazine underwent Heck coupling accompanied by ring opening of the spirocyclopropane moiety. The best yields of cross‐coupling products30d−i(60−89%) retaining the spirocyclopropane ring were achieved for 6‐iodobenzoxazine26c‐Me reacting with methyl acrylate, acrolein, and methyl vinyl ketone, respectively. By treatment with morpholine in DMF, the heterocyclic esters26b,cundergo demethoxycarbonylation to form spirocyclopropane‐annelated 1,4‐benzoxazines36b,cin high yields (83−98%). The 1,4‐benzoxazine36breadily adds nucleophiles such asp‐thiocresol and hydrogen cyanide across its C=N double bond to yield compounds37(76%) and38(95%), respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Ingroup bias in the minimal group paradigm shown by three‐person groups with high or low state self‐esteem
Authors: Petersen Lars‐Eric , Blank Hartmut 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFrom social identity theory a negative relation between self‐esteem and ingroup bias can be deducted. Much research has been done to test this proposition and largely failed to confirm this relation. Unlike many existing studies, we conducted an experiment in which (a) self‐esteem is not conceived as a trait entity but much more situation‐specific, (b) the self‐esteem manipulation is not relative to the outgroup, and (c) the measure of intergroup differentiation is unrelated to the self‐esteem manipulation. We categorised our participants into two arbitrary minimal groups (Klee or Kandinsky fans) and afterwards formed homogeneous three‐person groups (all persons were either Klee or Kandinsky fans). We manipulated the state self‐esteem of these real groups by giving them positive or negative feedback concerning their performance in a problem‐solving task. Afterwards, all groups distributed money to ingroup and outgroup members via Tajfel distribution matrices. Low state self‐esteem groups were found to exhibit stronger ingroup bias than high state self‐esteem groups overall, although the variability of intergroup discrimination was larger in the low state self‐esteem groups, pointing to more heterogeneous reactions to low state self‐esteem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faith versus practice: different bases for religiosity judgments by Jews and Protestants
Authors: Cohen Adam B. , Siegel Joel I. , Rozin Paul 
Published: March 2003

AbstractJewish tradition is focused much more on religious practice than on religious belief, whereas various denominations of Christianity focus about equally on religious practice and on faith. We explored whether this difference in dogma affects how Jews and Protestants judge religiosity. In Study 1, we showed that Jews and Protestants rated practice equally important in being religious, while Protestants rated belief more important than did Jews. In Study 2, Jewish participants' self‐rated religiosity was predicted by their extent of practice but not knowledge of Judaism or religious beliefs. In contrast, in Study 3, Protestants' self‐rated religiosity was predicted both by their extent of practice and belief, but not knowledge. In all, the results show that Jews and Protestants view the importance of practice in being religious similarly, but that belief is more important for Protestants. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput analysis of telomerase by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Atha Donald H. , Miller Karen , Sanow Anita D. , Xu Jingfan , Hess Jennifer L. , Wu Osmond C. , Wang Wendy , Srivastava Sudhir , Highsmith W. Edward 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe enzyme telomerase is expressed in (85–90)% of all human cancers, but not in normal, non‐stem cell somatic tissues. Clinical assays for telomerase in easily obtained body fluids would have great utility as noninvasive, cost‐effective methods for the early detection of cancer. The most commonly used method for the detection and quantification of telomerase enzyme activity is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay known as the telomerase repeat amplification protocol or TRAP assay. Most of the TRAP assay systems use a slab‐gel based electrophoresis system to size and quantify the PCR‐amplified extension products. We are developing high‐throughput capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods for the analysis of TRAP/PCR products. The TRAP assay was conducted on lysates of the human lung cancer cell line A‐549 in reactions containing 5–100 cells. TRAP/PCR products were generated using a fluorescent 4,7,2'4'5'7',‐hexachloro‐6‐carboxyfluorescein(HEX)‐labeled TS primer and analyzed on the Applied Biosystems Model 310 CE system using POP4™ polymer. After analysis with GeneScan™ and Genotyper™ software, the total peak areas of the TRAP ladder extension products were computed using Microsoft Excel™. Results were compared with unlabeled TRAP/PCR products analyzed on the Bio‐Rad BioFocus 3000 CE system using 6% high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (HMW PVP) polymer and SYBR™ Green I dye. Both CE systems were able to resolve the TRAP ladder products with high reproducibility and sensitivity (5–15 cells). With the appropriate robotic sample handling system, these CE methods would enable performing the telomerase TRAP assay with increased sensitivity, reproducibility and automation over slab‐gel methods.
Comparison of capillary zone electrophoresis performance of powder‐blasted and hydrogen fluoride‐etched microchannels in glass
Authors: Pu Qiao‐Sheng , Luttge Regina , Gardeniers Han J. G. E. , van den Berg Albert 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe applicability of glass chips with powder‐blasted microchannels for electrophoretic separations was examined, and the performance was compared to microchannels etched with hydrogen fluoride (HF), using bicarbonate buffer and rhodamine B and fluorescein as model compounds. The measured electroosmotic mobilities in all chips were comparable, with values of ca. 7×10‐4 cm2 V‐1s‐1. The effect of electrical field strength and detection length on the separation efficiency was monitored. It was found that the main source of dispersion is of the Taylor‐Aris type, which was discussed in relation to channel roughness differences. Although in powder‐blasted channels with a separation length of 8.20 cm, 7–9 times lower plate numbers were obtained than in a HF‐etched channel with similar dimensions, successful separation of five fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled amino acids was obtained on a powder‐blasted chip within 80 s. Efficiencies of up to 360 000 plates/m were demonstrated on this chip, when a higher buffer concentration was used at a field strength of 664 V/cm. It can be concluded that powder‐blasted microchannel chips, although they have a lower separation efficiency compared to HF‐etched chips, perform well enough for many applications. Powder blasting can therefore be considered a low‐cost and efficient alternative to HF etching, in particular because of the possibility to fabricate access holes through the glass with the same process.
On‐line coupling of size exclusion and capillary zone electrophoresis via a reversed‐phase C18 trapping column for the analysis of structurally related enkephalins in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Stroink Thom , Wiese Gerard , Teeuwsen Jan , Lingeman Henk , Waterval Joop C. M. , Bult Auke , de Jong Gerhardus J. , Underberg Willy J. M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOn‐line coupled analytical techniques can be advantageous in the assay of smaller peptides in complex biological matrices such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tissues. The present study shows the feasibility of a recently developed system, consisting of a size‐exclusion chromatographic (SEC) separation followed by a trapping procedure on an RP18 microcolumn with subsequent elution of the trapped fraction and separation by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for the quantification of structural‐related peptides in biological matrices, as demonstrated for a number of enkephalins in CSF. After SEC separation of the enkephalins from large proteins present in CSF a heart‐cut of 200 νL, containing the enkephalin peak, is taken, concentrated on the RP18 microcolumn and, after elution of the enkephalins with 80% acetonitrile, a fraction of the eluate is electrokinetically injected into the CZE system, where stacking and separation is achieved. The degradation of the peptides, caused by endogenous peptidases in the matrix, is sufficiently inhibited with imipramine HCl. The assay has a satisfactory linearity and intraday (9.70–16.3%) precision considering the complexity of this multidimensional separation system. The sensitivity of the method, with a concentration limit of quantification of 2.5 νg/mL, is comparable with other CZE assays for peptides and sufficient for the quantification of peptide drugs in biological matrices.
Numerical simulation and experimental visualization of the influence of the deformation frequency of a radially deforming circular cylinder impulsively started on cylinder wake
Authors: Hanchi S. , Oualli H. , Askovic R. , Bouabdallah A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA periodic superimposed motion may notably influence the flow structure and the development of the convective heat transfer relative to non‐deformable case. In particular, a radial deformation of a circular cylinder, may cause a possible synchronization with the cylinder wake, which is itself periodic when Vortex Street takes place. This synchronization phenomenon, often called ‘lock‐in’, may cause undesirable effects, but may also constitute a way of controlling the wake development.Body deformability may be used as wake control device that would favourably affect the interplay of primary and secondary vorticities, thus reducing the drag coefficient. These numerical and experimental studies are done herein for a Reynolds number equal to 23500. The problem is resolved by using the Navier–Stokes equations in the vorticity‐stream function form. The vorticity transport equation is solved by a second‐order finite difference method in both directions of the domains. The Poisson equation for the stream‐function is solved by a SOR method. The advance in time is achieved by a second‐order Adams–Bashforth scheme. The effect of turbulence is represented by eddy viscosity νt, which is determined by a sub‐grid‐scale model. In the present study, we use a Smagorinsky model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel ILU preconditioning, a priori pivoting and segregation of variables for iterative solution of the mixed finite element formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wille S. Ø. , Staff Ø. , Loula A. F. D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA parallel ILU preconditioning algorithm for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations has been designed, implemented and tested. The computational mesh is divided into N subdomains which are processed in parallel in different processors. During ILU factorization, matrices and vectors associated with the nodes on the interface between the subdomains are communicated to the equation matrices to the adjacent subdomain. The bases for the parallel algorithm are an appropriate node ordering scheme and a segregation of velocity and pressure degrees of freedom. The inner nodes of the subdomain are numbered first and then the nodes on the interface between the subdomains. To avoid division by zero during the ILU factorization, the equations corresponding to the velocity degrees of freedom are assembled first in the global equation matrix, followed by the equations corresponding to the pressure degrees of freedom. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
t(10;16)(q22;p13) and MORF‐CREBBP fusion is a recurrent event in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vizmanos José L. , Larráyoz María J. , Lahortiga Idoya , Floristán Filomena , Álvarez Carmen , Odero María D. , Novo Francisco J. , Calasanz María J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecently, it was shown that t(10;16)(q22;p13) fuses the MORF and CREBBP genes in a case of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M5a, with a complex karyotype containing other rearrangements. Here, we report a new case with the MORF‐CREBBP fusion in an 84‐year‐old patient diagnosed with AML M5b, in which the t(10;16)(q22;p13) was the only cytogenetic aberration. This supports that this is a recurrent pathogenic translocation in AML. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Saraçköy Volcanic Suite: implications for the subductional phase of arc evolution in the Galatean Arc Complex, Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Koçyi̇ği̇t Ali̇ , Winchester John Alan , Bozkurt Erdi̇n , Holland Grenville 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA sequence of upper Campanian volcanic rocks, hitherto considered as part of the Miocene calc‐alkaline Galatean volcanic sequence, crops out near Saraçköy, 40 km north of Ankara. These volcanic rocks, unconformably overlain by Eocene nummulitic limestones, comprise thin flows and volcaniclastic deposits. They can be divided compositionally into three distinct subunits: (i) basal massive trachyandesitic volcaniclastic rocks with a thin flow at the top, overlain by (ii) mixed volcaniclastic rocks and thin amygdaloidal flows of alkali basaltic composition, with (iii) trachyandesitic flows and subordinate volcaniclastic rocks at the top. This alkaline volcanic activity, associated with late Campanian forearc peripheral sedimentation, is indicative of late Campanian extension within a collisional regime, pre‐dating the compression accompanying Galatean arc development.Indeed, the composition of the Saraçköy Volcanic Suite and field evidence are consistent with a slab roll‐back process in an extensional supra‐subduction setting which resulted from the northward‐subducting, northern Neotethyan ocean floor during the late Campanian. They also imply that the present‐day Galatean volcanic plateau is a magmatic arc development in three stages: (i) late Campanian–Lutetian subductional phase, (ii) post‐Lutetian collisional phase, and (iii) Oligocene–Miocene post‐collisional phase. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The geometry of fan‐deltas and related turbidites in narrow linear basins
Authors: Zelilidis Abraham 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe sediment distribution in three narrow, linear basins, two modern and one ancient, in Greece and Italy, was studied and related to changes in basin configuration. The basins are the Plio‐Quaternary Patras–Corinth graben, the Pliocene–Quaternary Reggio–Scilla graben and the middle Tertiary Mesohellenic piggy‐back basin. These basins were formed at different times and under different geodynamic conditions, but in each case, the tectonic evolution produced a narrow area in the basin where the water depth decreased dramatically, forming a strait with a sill. This strait divided the basin into major and minor sub‐basins, and the strait has a similar impact on sedimentary environments in all three basins, even though different depositional environments were formed along the initial basin axis.Predictions for the development of depositional environments in the two modern basins, especially in their straits, are based on the studied ancient basin. In the straits, powerful tidal flows will transport finer sediments to sub‐basins and trapezoidal‐type fan‐deltas will gradually fill up and choke the strait through time. In sub‐basins, according to basin depth, either deltaic (in the shallow minor sub‐basin) or turbiditic (in the deep major sub‐basin) deposits may accumulate. Moreover, an extensive shelf is likely to develop between the strait and major sub‐basin. This shelf will be cross‐cut by canyons and characterized by thin fine‐ to coarse‐grained deposits. These sediment models could be applied to analogous basin geometries around the world. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.