bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Colon Cancer Cell Seeding Using a Pirarubicin Solution in Rats and Nude Mice
Authors: Favoulet Patrick , Benoit Laurent , Osmak Liliana , Polycarpe Emmanuel , Esquis Philippe , Duvillard Christian , Guiu Boris , Rat Patrick , Favre Jean Pierre , Chauffert Bruno 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTFree malignant cells, which are frequently detected in the washing liquid from the peritoneal cavity before and after resection of human colorectal cancer, are suspected to cause recurrent peritoneal cancer. We carried out an experimental study to compare the prophylactic efficacy of washing the peritoneum with several anticancer drugs and the antiseptic povidone‐iodine against the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colonic origin in rats and nude mice. The in vitro anticancer activity of a short, 15‐minute exposure of pirarubicin, doxorubicin, 5‐fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 1% povidone‐iodine was first evaluated by an MTT assay on DHD/K12/PROb rat and LS174T human colon cancer cells. For the in vivo experiments, BDIX rats were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP) with 1 x 106 DHD/K12/PROb cells followed by peritoneal scarring and a colocolic anastomosis. A 15‐minute peritoneal washing with the anticancer drugs or povidone‐iodine was then performed. Nude mice were IP‐inoculated with 1 × 107 LS174T human cells and treated 2 hours later with IP pirarubicin. Only pirarubicin, mitomycin C, and povidone‐iodine were fully cytotoxic in vitro against DHD/K12/PROb rat colon cancer cells. In contrast to pirarubicin and povidone‐iodine, mitomycin C was not completely active against LS174Tcells. In vivo, pirarubicin cured DHD/K12/PROb‐inoculated rats, even at the site of the peritoneal scarring and intestinal anastomosis. IP pirarubicin prevented the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis in LS174T‐inoculated mice. IP washing with pirarubicin cured 2‐day‐old, but not 7‐day‐old, peritoneal carcinomatosis in rats. Short exposure to IP pirarubicin is nontoxic and more active than povidone‐iodine and other anticancer drugs in preventing the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colonic origin in rats and mice. The prophylactic effect of preoperative peritoneal washing with pirarubicin on the development of recurrent peritoneal cancer should be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Obstructive Jaundice due to Biliary Tumor Thrombi
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Nan , Jan Yi‐Yin , Lee Wei‐Chen , Chen Miin‐Fu 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tumor thrombi is uncommon, and few studies have examined the outcome of hepatectomy for HCC with this unusual entity. This study examined the clinicopathologic factors influencing the outcomes of 17 HCC patients with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tumor thrombi undergoing hepatectomy. The clinical features of 17 HCC patients with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tumor thrombi (group A) undergoing hepatectomy from 1986 to 1998 were reviewed. The clinical features and factors influencing the outcome of 555 HCC patients without biliary tumor thrombi (group B) undergoing hepatectomy were used for comparison. Of 572 patients with surgically resected HCCs, 17 (3.0%) were classified into group A. Right upper quadrant pain, physical signs of jaundice, low albumin level, elevated bilirubin level, small tumor size, more vascular invasion, and tumor rupture were characteristic of group A patients. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed no independently significant factor differentiating group A patients from group B patients. The disease‐free survival was similar between the group A and B patients, although group B patients exhibited significantly better overall survival (p = 0.014). Vascular invasion may adversely influence overall survival in group A patients undergoing hepatic resection (p = 0.0709). When feasible, hepatic resection is the preferred treatment for HCC patients with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tumor thrombi. It can achieve a disease‐free survival comparable to that of HCC patients without biliary tumor thrombi. However, HCC patients with biliary tumor thrombi had significantly worse overall survival than did those without biliary tumor thrombi, especially those with concomitant vascular invasion.
Procedures of Choice for Resection of Primary and Recurrent Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tanaka Kuniya , Shimada Hiroshi , Ohta Mitsuyoshi , Togo Shinji , Saitou Shuji , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Endo Itaru , Sekido Hitoshi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough liver resection offers the only realistic chance of cure for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, no consensus exists as to the procedure of choice for managing these tumors. Data from 193 patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer and 26 of 193 patients who underwent repeat hepatectomy for recurrent metastases were collected. The suitability of resection was evaluated retrospectively based on known risk factors for recurrence and patterns of recurrence. On multivariate analysis, a positive surgical margin (SM+) was the only risk factor for recurrence after the initial resection (p < 0.01). SM+ (p < 0.01) and nonanatomic resection (p < 0·05) that was less than a sectionectomy (p < 0.05) were risk factors for recurrence after repeat hepatectomy. Multiple tumors (four or more) was the most common pattern of recurrence after initial hepatectomy, and recurrence close to the line of resection was most common after repeat hepatectomy. Based on tumor doubling times, recurrence after initial hepatectomy seemed to originate from the primary colorectal lesion, whereas recurrence after repeat hepatectomy was derived from a hepatic metastasis. Retrospective analysis suggests that hepatectomy with clear surgical margins is more important than anatomic resection for initial hepatectomy, and at least sectionectomy is necessary for repeat hepatectomy.
Recovery of Bone Mineral Density in 126 Patients after Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Nordenström Erik , Westerdahl Johan , Bergenfelz Anders 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with increased fracture risk and decreased bone mass. The recovery of bone mass after surgery varies; therefore tests that predict the increase in bone mass after parathyroidectomy would be desirable. Preoperatively and at 1 year after surgery bone mineral content (BMC) in the distal radius and bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and hip, as well as biochemical variables, were measured in 126 pHPT patients (95 women, 31 men). The mean ± SD age of the patients was 63 ± 15 years. The mean ± SD serum calcium level was 2.78 ± 0.16 mmol/L. Altogether, 60% of the patients had a low oral calcium intake, and 18% had a 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency. Preoperatively, postmenopausal women had lower Z‐scores for BMD in the hip (p < 0.001) and lumbar spine (p < 0.05) than did premenopausal women. One year after surgery the bone density had increased in about 50% of the patients. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there was a weak association between the change in BMD in the hip, the serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 level (p < 0.05), and renal function (p < 0.05), respectively. We concluded that about 50% of patients have increased bone mass after pHPT surgery, but the increase in the bone density is difficult to predict for the individual patient. Because many pHPT patients have low oral calcium intake and a vitamin D deficiency, it would be of interest to evaluate the role of postoperative calcium/vitamin D supplements.
Distribution patterns of metapopulation determined by Allee effects
Authors: Hui Cang , Li Zizhen 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Allee effect, the social dysfunction and failure to mate successfully when population density falls below a certain threshold, is one of the most important phenomena in ecology that can profoundly affect metapopulation persistence. We have developed a continuous dynamic model by pair approximation and two derived spatial lattice models to describe the influences of Allee effects on the distribution and dynamics of metapopulation. Analytical results of pair approximation show that the initial global stable equilibrium of metapopulation size turns into a local stable equilibrium with Allee effects and sensitivity to the initial situations that can incur a threshold phenomenon in dynamics. When the intensity of the Allee effect varies within a certain range, a new positive local stable equilibrium appears. This new equilibrium has the same local intensity as the initial one and a smaller metapopulation size. However, a metapopulation with a too strong Allee effect is doomed. Simulation results from the lattice models reinforce these findings and show that the new equilibrium forms a static distribution border in space. Hence, an Allee effect with moderate intensity can incur three distribution patterns that are sensitive to the initial metapopulation size and the spatial configuration of local populations: aggregation, circumscription and extinction. The pattern of circumscription may be a new explanation for the species’ current distributional range. The relationships between distribution patterns (such as random, uniform, aggregation, circumscription and extinction) and other factors (such as mean‐field assumption, local interaction, demographic stochasticity and Allee effect) are also discussed.
The Arabidopsis Cyclophilin Gene Family
Authors: Romano Patrick G.N. , Horton Peter , Gray Julie E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDatabase searching has allowed the identification of a number of previously unreported single and multidomain isoform members of the Arabidopsis cyclophilin gene family. In addition to the cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain, the latter contain a variety of other domains with characterized functions. Transcriptional analysis showed they are expressed throughout the plant, and different isoforms are present in all parts of the cell including the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, secretory pathway, and chloroplast. The abundance and diversity of cyclophilin isoforms suggests that, like their animal counterparts, plant cyclophilins are likely to be important proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. As well as fulfilling the basic role of protein folding, they may also play important roles in mRNA processing, protein degradation, and signal transduction and thus may be crucial during both development and stress responsiveness.
Heterosis of Biomass Production in Arabidopsis. Establishment during Early Development
Authors: Meyer Rhonda C. , Törjék Ottó , Becher Martina , Altmann Thomas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHeterosis has been widely used in agriculture to increase yield and to broaden adaptability of hybrid varieties and is applied to an increasing number of crop species. We performed a systematic survey of the extent and degree of heterosis for dry biomass in 63 Arabidopsis accessions crossed to three reference lines (Col-0, C24, and Nd). We detected a high heritability (69%) for biomass production in Arabidopsis. Among the 169 crosses analyzed, 29 exhibited significant mid-parent-heterosis for shoot biomass. Furthermore, we analyzed two divergent accessions, C24 and Col-0, the F1 hybrids of which were shown to exhibit hybrid vigor, in more detail. In the combination Col-0/C24, heterosis for biomass was enhanced at higher light intensities; we found 51% to 66% mid-parent-heterosis at low and intermediate light intensities (60 and 120 μmol m−2 s−1), and 161% at high light intensity (240 μmol m−2 s−1). While at the low and intermediate light intensities relative growth rates of the hybrids were higher only in the early developmental phase (0–15 d after sowing [DAS]), at high light intensity the hybrids showed increased relative growth rates over the entire vegetative phase (until 25 DAS). An important finding was the early onset of heterosis for biomass; in the cross Col-0/C24, differences between parental and hybrid lines in leaf size and dry shoot mass could be detected as early as 10 DAS. The widespread occurrence of heterosis in the model plant Arabidopsis opens the possibility to investigate the genetic basis of this phenomenon using the tools of genetical genomics.
When Defense Pathways Collide. The Response of Arabidopsis to a Combination of Drought and Heat Stress
Authors: Rizhsky Ludmila , Liang Hongjian , Shuman Joel , Shulaev Vladimir , Davletova Sholpan , Mittler Ron 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Within their natural habitat, plants are subjected to a combination of abiotic conditions that include stresses such as drought and heat. Drought and heat stress have been extensively studied; however, little is known about how their combination impacts plants. The response of Arabidopsis plants to a combination of drought and heat stress was found to be distinct from that of plants subjected to drought or heat stress. Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis plants subjected to a combination of drought and heat stress revealed a new pattern of defense response in plants that includes a partial combination of two multigene defense pathways (i.e. drought and heat stress), as well as 454 transcripts that are specifically expressed in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Metabolic profiling of plants subjected to drought, heat stress, or a combination of drought and heat stress revealed that plants subject to a combination of drought and heat stress accumulated sucrose and other sugars such as maltose and gulose. In contrast, Pro that accumulated in plants subjected to drought did not accumulate in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Heat stress was found to ameliorate the toxicity of Pro to cells, suggesting that during a combination of drought and heat stress sucrose replaces Pro in plants as the major osmoprotectant. Our results highlight the plasticity of the plant genome and demonstrate its ability to respond to complex environmental conditions that occur in the field.
An Overview of Gibberellin Metabolism Enzyme Genes and Their Related Mutants in Rice
Authors: Sakamoto Tomoaki , Miura Koutarou , Itoh Hironori , Tatsumi Tomoko , Ueguchi-Tanaka Miyako , Ishiyama Kanako , Kobayashi Masatomo , Agrawal Ganesh K. , Takeda Shin , Abe Kiyomi , Miyao Akio , Hirochika Hirohiko , Kitano Hidemi , Ashikari Motoyuki , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
To enhance our understanding of GA metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa), we intensively screened and identified 29 candidate genes encoding the following GA metabolic enzymes using all available rice DNA databases: ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS), ent-kaurene synthase (KS), ent-kaurene oxidase (KO), ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox), and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox). In contrast to the Arabidopsis genome, multiple CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were identified in the rice genome, most of which are contiguously arranged. We also identified 18 GA-deficient rice mutants at six different loci from rice mutant collections. Based on the mutant and expression analyses, we demonstrated that the enzymes catalyzing the early steps in the GA biosynthetic pathway (i.e. CPS, KS, KO, and KAO) are mainly encoded by single genes, while those for later steps (i.e. GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox) are encoded by gene families. The remaining CPS-like, KS-like, and KO-like genes were likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene phytoalexins rather than GAs because the expression of two CPS-like and three KS-like genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, OsKS7, and OsKS8) were increased by UV irradiation, and four of these genes (OsCPS2, OsCPS4, OsKS4, and OsKS7) were also induced by an elicitor treatment.
Ethylene Insensitivity Does Not Increase Leaf Area or Relative Growth Rate in Arabidopsis,Nicotiana tabacum,andPetunia x hybrida
Authors: Tholen Danny , Voesenek Laurentius A.C.J. , Poorter Hendrik 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe plant hormone ethylene plays a role in various growth related processes. In this detailed study of the vegetative growth of Arabidopsis, Nicotiana tabacum, and Petunia x hybrida plants, we show that ethylene insensitivity does not result in an increased total leaf area or relative growth rate (RGR) under optimal growth conditions. When grown in semiclosed containers, leaf area of ethylene-insensitive plants was larger compared to the wild type. This effect was caused by a buildup of ethylene inside these containers, which inhibited the growth of wild-type plants. Ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis and N. tabacum plants had a lower biomass, which was mainly the result of a smaller seed mass. RGR of vegetative plants was not affected by ethylene insensitivity, but the underlying components of RGR differed; specific leaf area (leaf area per unit leaf mass) was higher, and unit leaf rate (growth rate per unit leaf area) was lower. The latter was a result of a slower rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area in the ethylene-insensitive plants.
Comprehensive Comparison of Auxin-Regulated and Brassinosteroid-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Goda Hideki , Sawa Shinichiro , Asami Tadao , Fujioka Shozo , Shimada Yukihisa , Yoshida Shigeo 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlthough numerous physiological studies have addressed the interactions between brassinosteroids and auxins, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using an Affymetrix GeneChip representing approximately 8,300 Arabidopsis genes, we studied comprehensive transcript profiles over 24 h in response to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and brassinolide (BL). We identified 409 genes as BL inducible, 276 genes as IAA inducible, and 637 genes in total. These two hormones regulated only 48 genes in common, suggesting that most of the actions of each hormone are mediated by gene expression that is unique to each. IAA-up-regulated genes were enriched in genes regulated in common. They were induced quickly by IAA and more slowly by BL, suggesting divergent physiological roles. Many were early auxin-inducible genes and their homologs, namely SAUR, GH3, and IAA. The comprehensive comparison also identified IAA- and BL-specific genes, which should help to elucidate the specific actions of each hormone. The identified genes were classified using hierarchical clustering based on the similarity of their responses to the two hormones. Gene classification also allowed us to analyze the frequency of cis-elements. The TGTCTC element, a core element of the previously reported auxin response element, was not enriched in genes specifically regulated by IAA but was enriched in the 5′-flanking region of genes up-regulated by both IAA and BL. Such gene classification should be useful for predicting the functions of unknown genes, to understand the roles of these two hormones, and the promoter analysis should provide insight into the interaction of transcriptional regulation by the two hormones.
Protein Cryoprotective Activity of a Cytosolic Small Heat Shock Protein That Accumulates Constitutively in Chestnut Stems and Is Up-Regulated by Low and High Temperatures
Authors: Lopez-Matas Maria-Angeles , Nuñez Paulina , Soto Alvaro , Allona Isabel , Casado Rosa , Collada Carmen , Guevara Maria-Angeles , Aragoncillo Cipriano , Gomez Luis 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Heat shock, and other stresses that cause protein misfolding and aggregation, trigger the accumulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in virtually all organisms. Among the HSPs of higher plants, those belonging to the small HSP (sHSP) family remain the least characterized in functional terms. We analyzed the occurrence of sHSPs in vegetative organs of Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut), a temperate woody species that exhibits remarkable freezing tolerance. A constitutive sHSP subject to seasonal periodic changes of abundance was immunodetected in stems. This protein was identified by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and internal peptide sequencing as CsHSP17.5, a cytosolic class I sHSP previously described in cotyledons. Expression of the corresponding gene in stems was confirmed through cDNA cloning and reverse transcription-PCR. Stem protein and mRNA profiles indicated that CsHSP17.5 is significantly up-regulated in spring and fall, reaching maximal levels in late summer and, especially, in winter. In addition, cold exposure was found to quickly activate shsp gene expression in both stems and roots of chestnut seedlings kept in growth chambers. Our main finding is that purified CsHSP17.5 is very effective in protecting the cold-labile enzyme lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-induced inactivation (on a molar basis, CsHSP17.5 is about 400 times more effective as cryoprotectant than hen egg-white lysozyme). Consistent with these observations, repeated freezing/thawing did not affect appreciably the chaperone activity of diluted CsHSP17.5 nor its ability to form dodecameric complexes in vitro. Taken together, these results substantiate the hypothesis that sHSPs can play relevant roles in the acquisition of freezing tolerance.
Cloning, Functional Expression, and Characterization of the Raffinose Oligosaccharide Chain Elongation Enzyme, Galactan:Galactan Galactosyltransferase, from Common Bugle Leaves
Authors: Tapernoux-Lüthi Esther M. , Böhm Andreas , Keller Felix 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase (GGT) is a unique enzyme of the raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthetic pathway. It catalyzes the chain elongation of RFOs without using galactinol (α-galactosyl-myoinositol) by simply transferring a terminal α-galactosyl residue from one RFO molecule to another one. Here, we report the cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding GGT from leaves of the common bugle (Ajuga reptans), a winter-hardy long-chain RFO-storing Lamiaceae. The cDNA comprises an open reading frame of 1215 bp. Expression in tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) protoplasts resulted in a functional recombinant protein, which showed GGT activity like the previously described purified, native GGT enzyme. At the amino acid level, GGT shows high homologies (&gt;60%) to acid plant α-galactosidases of the family 27 of glycosylhydrolases. It is clearly distinct from the family 36 of glycosylhydrolases, which harbor galactinol-dependent raffinose and stachyose synthases as well as alkaline α-galactosidases. Physiological studies on the role of GGT confirmed that GGT plays a key role in RFO chain elongation and carbon storage. When excised leaves were exposed to chilling temperatures, levels of GGT transcripts, enzyme activities, and long-chain RFO concentrations increased concomitantly. On a whole-plant level, chilling temperatures induced GGT expression mainly in the roots and fully developed leaves, both known RFO storage organs of the common bugle, indicating an adaptation of the metabolism from active growth to transient storage in the cold.