bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some maternal and neonatal factors affecting early and late neonatal sepsis
Authors: Wannas Abd Abdulaziz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background:
Neonatal sepsis categorized as early and late onset. Early neonatal sepsis (ENS) in the first 7 days of life with 85% occurs in the first 24 hours of life. Late neonatal sepsis (LNS )occurs after the first week of life and is acquired from care giving environment.
Aims of study:
To explain the effect of some maternal and neonatal factors on early and late neonatal sepsis, like premature rupture of membranes, midwife interference and prematurity. With change in blood investigations, like effect of antibiotics on the results of blood cultures.
Methods:
We prepared a questionnaire about the name ,age in days, gender with perinatal and maternal history and take blood samples for CBC and differential, blood culture, CRP and ESR to explain the effect of neonatal sepsis on the blood investigation results and identify the specific pathogen causing neonatal sepsis by blood culture.
Results:
We found that the neonate is more susceptible to ENS in comparison to LNS. Also we found that the blood culture result highly affecting by antibiotics used before culture. The mortality rate is more in ENS in comparison to late type.
There was no significant difference in gender, maternal fever and antenatal care, between ENS and LNS groups. Prematurity was higher in ENS group compared to LNS group (44.7%, vs. 29%) respectively; and the difference was significant (p = 0.042). Mode of delivery showed no effect in ENS group (NVD = C/S = 50%); while it seems to be more effective in LNS group as (74.2% vs 25.8%) of patients are C/S, (p = 0.003).Only (13.2%) of ENS subjects were home delivery , while (25.8%) of LNS subjects were home delivery, (p = 0.048). Midwife interference was more effective in LNS subjects than ENS subjects, (35.5%, vs. 18.4%) respectively, (p = 0.019).Premature rupture of membrane was significantly more frequent in ENS subjects than LNS subjects (31.6% vs. 16.1%) respectively, (p = 0.028).Death was more frequent in ENS subjects than LNS subjects; (18.4%, vs. 3.2%) respectively .
Conclusion and Recommendation:
We found that the premature neonate more susceptible for neonatal sepsis than full term with premature rapture of membrane more frequently affecting ENS in comparison to late type. we found also that the C-reactive protien and platelets count had high sensitivity to the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.We recommend antenatal care especially in the third trimester and use of antibiotic prophylaxis if there is a history of leaking liquor and avoid prematurity because premature neonates are more prone to early neonatal sepsis. Antibiotics should be avoided before blood culture aspiration to avoid false negative results.
Pathological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Diwaniya province
Authors: A. Dawood Khairy , F.  Al-Jeboori Al-muâ€™tasimbellah 
Published: January 2024

In the present study, 42 patients were observed, as cutaneous leishmaniasis, from 1 September 2012 until the end of August 2013. They divided to 25 (595. %) males and 17 (40.5%) females, and the diagnosis was depend on clinical examination, pathological lesions and parasitic isolation. Lesions were classified depending on number, so the patients who have multiple lesions were (64.3%), while (35.7%) have single lesion, the number of lesions per patient ranged from one to 12 lesions. Most of the lesions were located on face (40.5%), but some lesions were on the face & hand (21.4%), while few were found in hand and back (2.4%). Histopathologicaly, the cutaneous lesions were observed; keratinized layer and epidermal cells were necrosed or not present over the ulcer, Skin biopsies were taken, fixed with formalin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxyline and eosin stain (H & E stain). Microscopic examination, showed accumulation of amastigote, inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes with macrophages engulf amastigotes. Eleven samples of aspirated blood were collected by fine needle, for making direct Giemsa-stained smears before the cultivation, 72.7% of the cases were positive to the presence of leishmania tropica. There are three culture media were used in this study, biphasic medium, NNN medium, and lockâ€™s solution; 63.4% of cases were positive in NNN medium, and 72.7 % were positive in both of biphasic media and Lockâ€™s solution.
Musculoskeletal biopsy (Bone and soft tissue lesions) referred by orthopedic unit in Al-Diwaniyiah teaching hospital
Authors: Jawad Kadhim Al-Shaibany Raad , Wali Ali Thair 
Published: January 2024

Objectives. To study the frequency and type of bone and soft tissue lesions referred by orthopedic unit in Al-Deewaniyiah teaching Hospital.
Patients materials and methods. The surgical pathology reports of 86 patients presented with bony and soft tissue lesions were studied. Those records belong to the period extending from January 2014 through December 2014. Histopathologic features were reviewed and classification was made.
Results. Lesions referred by orthopedic unit represented about 5% out of all surgical biopsies received by the surgical pathology unit of Al-Deewaniyah teaching hospital. Bony lesions represented 25.5% of lesions while soft tissue lesions represented 74.5% of lesions. There was apparent association between type of lesion and age of the patients. There was no significant association between type of lesion and gender of patients.
Conclusion. Bony and soft tissue lesions represent a minor fraction of surgical specimens examined by surgical pathology unit and most of these lesions are benign
Subcostal TAP block as analgesic for open cholecystectomy
Authors: A. Al-Khafaji Raad 
Published: January 2024

Open Cholecystectomy, is associated with high pain score post op.TAP block provides effective post op analgesiaAimThe aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of US guided subcostal TAP block for post op pain in open cholecystectomyPatients were divided into two groups. Thirty patients received subcostal TAP block after commencing GA. Another thirty patients did not receive the block.Post operative pain was recorded in both groups , so as any possible complications like nausea and vomiting .We found that subcostal TAP block is effective , simple , and reliable as analgesia in open cholecystectomy post operativelyPatients and MethodsA total of 60 patients undergoing emergency and elective cholecystectomy were allocated into two groups : U/S guided subcostal TAP block , the A group , and the non TAP block group , the B group. All patients received same general anaesthesia drugs and technique.The A group received subcostal TAP block 5 minutes before starting surgery , a total of 20 ml , 10 ml 1% lidocaine and 10 ml 0,25% bupivacaine Rescue post op analgesia was in the form of I.V tramal and diclofenac.Pain score was recorded post op , using VAS ( Visual Analogue Score ).
ResultsGroup A ( 30 patients ) , received subcostal TAP block 5 minutes prior to starting surgery , and Group B ( 30 patients ) did not received TAP block. Post op pain score recorded in both groups , and showed pain score 0-2 in group A , and 6-8 in group B which received rescue analgesiaConclusionSubcostal TAP block is effective analgesic technique with opioid â€“sparing effect in open cholecystectomy post operatively
Changes in the Superior Zygapophyseal Joints in the Lower Thoracic and Upper Lumbar Vertebrae in Babylon Population
Authors: Abd Al-Hussain Al-Shouk Asaad , Hadi Kadhim Zaid 
Published: January 2024

Background: The articular processes of the vertebral column play a role in weight transmission as well as in governing the range and direction of movement between two vertebrae. The pattern of changes of orientation of these particular processes from thoracic to lumbar type was seldom mentioned in anatomical textbooks.Objective: to study the pattern of changes of zygapophyseal joints in local citizen in Babylon Province.Methodology: 140 persons (80 female and 60 male) aged 20-66 years (mean 46.84± 14.438) attending to radiology department in Marjan Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq, were participated in this study, they were investigated to be free from any congenital anomaly or pathological change. Using computed tomography with axial sections, the lower four thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. The zygapophyseal joints were carefully observed to detect the site of changes in orientation from thoracic to lumbar type.Results:The present study revealed that there were two types of change in the orientation of zygapophyseal joint were observed; gradual and sudden.21.42% of subjects showed gradual changes in orientation of zygapophyseal from thoracic type to lumbar type, with female ratio higher than male. The transition started mainly at T11-L2, some subjects showed transition at T12-L2.While 78.58% of subjects showed sudden changes; mainly at T12-L1, and to a lesser extent at T11-T12.Conclusions:In the group of people who were studied it was clear that the change of the superior zygapophyseal joint from flat, posterolaterally oriented which is thoracic type to curved, posteromedially oriented which is lumbar type is more likely to occur as sudden change rather than the gradual change which observed in about one-fifth of the population.
Frequecy of hypothyroidism In multi-transfused thalassemic patients in AL- Diwanyia Maternity ??children Hospital
Authors: Mohammed hussein Al-shebani Abbas 
Published: January 2024

Back ground: hypothyroidism in thalassemic children is not uncommon problem ? and need special attention and frequent patient monitoring.
Objective: to establish the frequency of hypothyrodism among multitransfused
thalassemic patients depending on clinical and laboratory investigations.
Methods: A cross sectional study of thyroid function ,T3,T4, and TSH, was carried out in 120 transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients attended the thalassemic Center in AL-Diwanyia Maternity and Children.Teaching Hospital .The inclusion criteria were 1(the age more than 5 years and 2)receiving frequent blood transfusions at least 6 times per year in the last three years.
Result: eight patients have hypothyroidism and had a prevalence of (6.66%). Two patients had low T3 and T4 and elevated TSH with signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and was already treated with thyroxin ,which consistent with the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism , and 6 patients had no signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism with normal T3 and T4 but elevated TSH and this was consistent with the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism . No patient of these 8 have family history of hypothyroidism . All affected patients are receiving
blood transfusions more than 20 times since the time of diagnosis and all the effected patients have suboptimal iron –chelating therapy as reflected by the high serum ferritin level ( < 1000 ).
Conclusion: patient with transfusion dependent hemoglobinpathy need frequent monitoring of their thyroid function at least once yearly to detect early hypothyroidism and start early treatment .
Microalbuminuria as a predictors for detection of silent ischemia in patients with type two diabetes mellitus
Authors: Talib Nimnim Ali 
Published: January 2024

Background: CHD was still the most widespread leading cause of death in worldwide. Many risk factors can play a role in its pathogenesis; DM, HT, dyslipidemia, obesity smoking and microalbuminuria are common known risk factors. Microalbuminuria is independently considered as a risk factor of CHD in patients with diabetes. Its task as a predictor for CHD has not been well examined, and its predictive implication is uncertain.
Aim of study: The purpose of our study was to determine the using of microalbuminuria as a predictor test for detection of silent ischemia in type II DM.
Patient and methods: Selection of 169 patients with type II DM who had neither old nor recent IHD and they hadn’t chest pain. According to the results of microalbuminuria, we were dividing those patients into two groups, with and without microalbuminuria. Group one consist of 74 patients with microalbuminuria while group two consist of 92 patients without microalbuminuria. Treadmill test (TMT) or holter studies were done for all patients of both groups after taking their agreement.
Results: the result would reveal that diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are at high risk of ischemia than those without microalbuminuria independently to other risk factors. 16 of 74 patients from group one and only three of 95 from group two show positive features of ischemia during exercise test with statistically significant (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion: In diabetic patients, microalbuminuria is associated with high CHD risk, independently to other known risk factors. As such, any patient with diabetes mellitus type two had microalbuminuria should search for latent IHD independently to other risk factors. So detection of microalbuminuria and trating of other risk factors is mandatory for improved outcome of CHD risk.
Recommendation: Closely follow up of diabetic patients with tight glycemic control in order to reduce incidence of microalbuminuria and any patient with microalbuminuria should search for CHD.
Utility of CA 15-3 in diagnosis of Breast Cancer Recurrence. An Observational Study.
Authors: R. Al-Bayati Musaab 
Published: January 2024

Background : CA 15-3 is the commonest tumor marker for breast cancer. Elevated serum levels of this marker was shown to be a predictor of disease recurrence in patients with localized breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity of serum CA 15-3 level in the detection of breast cancer recurrence in relation to the molecular subtype of breast cancer, type of recurrence and the number and sites of distant metastasis.
Methods : Retrospective observational study of patients with localized breast cancer followed until relapse. Serum level of CA 15-3 at first documentation of relapse was compared between patients in respect to the molecular subtype of breast cancer, type of recurrence and the number and sites of metastasis.
Results : Elevation of CA 15-3 were found in 56% of patients at relapse. Only 6% of patients with locoregional relapse shows elevation of this marker compared with 62% of patients with distant metastasis. Elevation of CA 15-3 were more sensitive for detection of relapse in patients with luminal subtype (62%) than in patients with HER2 enriched (45%) and triple negative (35%) breast cancers. The test was more sensitive in patients with bone (69%), lung (65%) and liver (62%) metastasis than in patients with brain metastasis (25%).
Conclusions : CA 15-3 is a relatively sensitive marker for detection of breast cancer recurrence. However, this sensitivity may be hampered in patients with isolated locoregional relapses and in patients with HER2 enriched and triple negative breast cancers.
Conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a sample of patients from Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital
Authors: Raoof Alammar Nahedh 
Published: January 2024

Back ground:

Laparoscopy became used as a surgical procedure for the removal of gallbladder by Lukichev in

1983 and Muhe in 1985. Those procedures gained little attention and popularity till the well acknowledged laparoscopic cholycystectomy which was performed by the French gynecologist Mouret in 1987.
Aims of the study:

To evaluate the rate of conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy into open surgery and its predisposing factors.
Patients and methods: A total number of 1077 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in the presents study. The sample was composed of 932 females and 145 males and their age ranged from 9-86 years. The study was conducted in Al-Dewaniyiah teaching hospital from January 2015 through December 2015.
Results: The occurrence of disease in female patients was significantly higher than that of male patients (P<0.001). The conversion rate of laparoscopic cholycystectomy into open surgery was reported in 13 out of 1077 (1.2%). The conversion was reported only in the following intervals:
30-39 years (0.7%), 40-49 years (1.6%), 50-59 years (3.5%) and 60-69% (0.8%). The rate of conversion was significantly higher in males than females (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Conversion rate is acceptable in view with available data. Risks for conversion included: Male gender, advanced age, dense adhesion, diabetes, CBD injury and Cholecystoduodenal fistula.
The Study of the effect of serum zinc level in the mothers and Neonates on neonatal jaundice in al-diwanyia
Authors: Naji Al-Hajjiah Nasma 
Published: January 2024

Background :
Zinc has a role in normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and is needed for the proper sense of taste and smell. Studies on animals, adolescents and low birth weight neonates showed that oral zinc salt intake decreased serum bilirubin level, probably through inhibition of the bilirubin enterohepatic circulation.
Objective :
To study the effect of serum zinc level of the newborn and their mothers on neonatal jaundice.
Patient and methods
A case control study included a total 130, 65 with jaundice and 65 healthy neonates with their mothers. The study was carried out from May to October 2016 at ALhussein hospital for children in Al-Diwanyia city. For all neonates serum zinc, total serum bilirubin, hematocrit, blood group typing and Rhesus were carried out. Serum zinc for the mothers also was measured .
Results :
Serum zinc in jaundiced neonates was significantly lower than non jaundiced neonates (P<0.05). One hundred and nine mothers out of 130 mothers have low serum zinc. In multipara, zinc deficiency was more frequent in the mothers of both groups and P value (0.69).There was no significant difference was in mean serum zinc level when gestational age was taken into consideration (full term versus pre-term) (P>0.05).
Conclusions :
This study showed that serum concentration of zinc in neonates with jaundice was significantly lower than that in healthy control.
Correlation between TARC and MDC gene expression and respiratory syncytial viruses in children
Authors: S. Alrubaye Wisam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus( RSV) is the major etiological agent of respiratory tract illness particularly in children, and it provokes allergic and asthma exacerbation, so, the respiratory tract epithelial cell are stimulated and produce several chemokines such as MDC and TARC that play a major role in asthma attack.
Objective: To identify human genetic groups of RSV from children with respiratory tract infection and establish the relationship between RSV and allergy exaggeration through determination of the host gene expression (TARC and MDC) which are induced by RSV infection.
Methods: Patients suffering from respiratory tract illness (RTI), from several days to fourteen years old of both sexes were enrolled in this study. A nasopharyngeal swabs (NP) were taken from patients and subjected to molecular detection of RSV and gene expression of TARC and MDC were done for positive samples with RSV.
Results: Out of 230 children suffering from respiratory tract infection, 8 (8%) and 14 (14%) were detected with RSV type A and B respectively, and all epithelial cells of patients who have infected with RSV express TARC and MDC which are known to have an essential role in severity and hyper-responsiveness of allergy.
Conclusion: Measurement of host gene expression such as TARC and MDC revealed increased level of these genes in asthmatic patients, in children infected by RSV. Both genes may play an essential role in severity and hyper-responsiveness of allergy.
Depression in Burn Patients at Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital
Authors: Al Hamzawi Ali , Hussein Abed Inas , Miri Saadoon Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Background
Burn injuries affact on physical and mental status of the victum.
The researchers show different outcome in their articles when they study depression in burned patients.
Aim of the study
The study aims are : 1. identify the prevalence rate of depression in burn patients. 2.measure severity of depression .3. study the socio-demographic variables of those patients.
Methods
A case –control study was condefed on One hunderd patients at the burn unit of AL- Diwaniya Teaching Hospital from a period of April 2nd 2014 to January 2nd 2015.
the presence of depression was diagnosed by using a semi –structured interview schedule based on ICD-10, diagnostic criteria for depression ,and its severity was rated by Beck depression inventory.
Results
The result revealed the depression was found in 40% of burned patients compared with 15% among their matched control group and this result was statistically significant .the rate of depression was higher for females than males,according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the majority of depression patients (60%) were of moderate severity.
Conclusion
The prevelence of depression was 40(40%) patients . There is a close association between burn related variables and depression
The study show the importance of evaluation and management of depression in burn injured patients
Comparative study on effects of antibacterial gold and silver nanoparticles on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kadhem mohseen Huda , Hassan Sadiq , N. Madlum Kaiser 
Published: January 2024

Nanomaterial science has emerged as a promissing field connecting different field togather. In this work, Gold and silver nanoparticles were prepared using a laser ablation technique. Nanoparticle solution was characterized using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results revealed cytotoxic effects of Ag and Au NPs appear after long exposure time. These effects were enhanced by the irradiation of NPs after mixing with bacterial suspension. As a conclusion, Ag and Au NPs can be utilized as antibacterial agents under certain condition and with certain properties.