bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friendship and similarities in social‐cognitive and communication abilities: Social skill bases of interpersonal attraction in childhood
Authors: BURLESON BRANT R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlthough researchers have examined how different forms of similarity (e.g., demographic similarity, attitudinal similarity) affect interpersonal attraction, little work has focused on how similarities in social‐cognitive abilities and communication skills affect attraction and relationship development. The present article suggests how the similarity/attraction literature and filter theories of relationship development can be integrated with research on social skills and cognitive development to provide a framework for understanding how similarities in levels of social skills may affect attraction and friendship formation in childhood. A study was carried out assessing how similarities in levels of social‐cognitive and communication skills affected interpersonal attraction and friendship choices by children. It was hypothesized that children would be (a) attracted to and (b) more likely to form friendships with peers who had social‐cognitive and communication skills similar in level to their own. Participants (92 grade school children) completed a battery of tasks providing assessments of four social‐cognitive and five communication skills. Sociometric procedures were used to determine interpersonal attraction and friendship patterns. Results indicated that children were attracted to peers having social skill levels similar to their own. Moreover, pairs of friends had similar levels of skills related to the expression and management of emotional states.
Romantic involvement, self‐discrepancy, and psychological well‐being: A preliminary investigation
Authors: CAMPBELL W. KEITH , SEDIKIDES CONSTANTINE , BOSSON JENNIFER 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIn this study, we explored the relation between romantic involvement status, actual/Ideal self‐discrepancy, and psychological well‐being. We hypothesized that romantically involved individuals would report being closer to their ideal selves than would romantically uninvolved individuals. We also hypothesized that the reduced self‐discrepancy reported by romantically involved individuals would be related to their experiencing higher levels of psychological well‐being in comparison to romantically uninvolved individuals. Romantically involved and romantically uninvolved subjects rated their actual selves, closeness to their ideal selves, and psychological well‐being. Results were consistent with both hypotheses. Although romantically involved and romantically uninvolved subjects did not differ in ratings of their actual selves, romantically involved subjects reported being significantly closer to their ideal selves. Furthermore, romantically involved subjects tended to report higher psychological well‐being.
A suggested structure for a science of relationships
Authors: HINDE ROBERT A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn attempt is made to sketch the structure of a science, in the sense of an ordered body of knowledge, of interpersonal relationships. The special properties of relationships are discussed. Relationships exist over time, involve properties beyond those of the constituent interactions, include both behavior and subjective experience, and exist in a social context. It is suggested that a science of human relationships will require three overlapping phases: (1) Description, listing 10 categories of dimensions potentially useful for ordering the data; (2) Principles of dynamics, which may concern external influences on the dyad, interchanges between the participants, or intrapsychic processes; and (3) The specification of the limits of applicability of those principles. In general, a balance must be found between the search for generalisations and recognition of the complexity of human relationships.
Interpersonal attraction as a function of extreme gender role adherence
Authors: SMITH ELEANOR R. , BYRNE DONN , FIELDING PAUL J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlthough gender‐specific constructs of hypertraditionality qualitatively differ (e.g., hyperfemininity and hypermasculinity), we view them as analogous constructs that can predict similarity/attraction effects. The similaritylattraction paradigm showed that individuals find attractive the traits in others that are similar to their own traits. We suggest that this effect applies to levels of hypertraditionality, as measured by the hyperfemininity and hypermasculinity personality scales. The studies were conducted to test this hypothesis. We began by manipulating stranger similarity in an attraction experiment. Results showed that similarity of hypertraditionality led to attraction. Women preferred target persons similar to themselves in hypertraditionality. Data from men revealed an unexpected interaction. Low hypermasculine men preferred women similar to themselves in hypertraditionality, yet high hypermasculine men did not distinguish between female strangers based on the stranger's level of hypertraditionality. We then studied dating couples. These couples provided real‐world data that supported and expanded the laboratory observations. We found a significant positive correlation between the partners' levels of hypertraditionality. The implications of attraction based on hypertraditionality may provide insights for future studies of relationship formation and maintenance.
On “knowing your partner”: Dangerous illusions in the age of AIDS?
Authors: SWANN WILLIAM B. , SILVERA DAVID H. , PROSKE CARRIE U. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe identified two characteristics of the impression formation process that may cause people to underestimate the riskiness of potential sexual partners. In Study 1, participants were quite confident that they could determine whether someone was lying to them about risk‐related behavior when, in reality, they could not. Particularly troubling was a “truth bias” that resulted in relatively high rates of truth detection, but poor lie detection. In Study 2, increased familiarity with a target person (who actually was HIV+) caused participants to lower their estimates of the target's riskiness, despite the fact that we explicitly warned them that the target might be HIV+. We suggest that such processes may foster the illusion of knowing one's partner when one does not.
Gender differences in power and self‐disclosure in dating and married couples
Authors: MURSTEIN BERNARD I. , ADLER ELIZABETH R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe relationship between power and self‐disclosure was studied for 20 dating and 20 married couples. Power and self‐disclosure scales (of feelings and of accomplishments) were constructed and administered individually. We hypothesized that: (1) Women disclose more about feelings than men. (2) Men disclose more about accomplishments than women. (3) Power is positively correlated with disclosure of accomplishments. (4) Power is negatively correlated with disclosure of feelings and weaknesses. (5) Dating men are more powerful than dating women, but there are no gender differences in power in marriage. Hypotheses 1,3, and 5 were supported. Hypotheses 2 and 4 were rejected. Our findings revealed that there were no differences in power or disclosure of accomplishments between men and women for the total group. However, a significant interaction was found between gender and marital status for power. Dating men had more power than dating women, but married women had more power than married men. Last, women disclosed more feelings than men across both groups.
Sexual satisfaction in long‐term heterosexual relationships: The interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction
Authors: LAWRANCE KELLI‐AN , BYERS E. SANDRA 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study examined the validity of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction (IEMSS) in long‐term, heterosexual sexual relationships. The IEMSS proposes that sexual satisfaction depends on one's levels of rewards and costs in the sexual relationship, one's comparison levels (CL) for rewards/costs, and one's perceptions of the dyadic equality (EQ) of these rewards/costs. Sexual satisfaction is expected to be greater to the extent that, over time, levels of rewards (REW) exceed levels of costs (CST), relative reward levels (CLREW) exceed relative cost levels (CLcst), and interpersonal equality of rewards (EQrew) and of costs (EQCST) is perceived to exist. Married/cohabiting community volunteers and university alumni/staff completed two questionnaires, 3 months apart. The results obtained from this well‐educated, relationally satisfied sample (N= 143) provided excellent support for the IEMSS. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that each component of the model (REW ‐ CST, CLrew ‐ CLcst, and EQrew, EQcst) added to the prediction of sexual satisfaction as expected, accounting for 75% of the variance. Repeated measurement of the IEMSS components offered a better prediction of sexual satisfaction than a one‐time measure alone. Neither gender nor relationship satisfaction interacted with the IEMSS components. However, including relationship satisfaction (but not gender) in the model significantly improved the prediction of sexual satisfaction. It was concluded that the model should be revised to include relationship satisfaction. Both the exchange components of the IEMSS and sexual satisfaction uniquely predicted relationship satisfaction. The IEMSS offers a promising approach for understanding sexual satisfaction and its relationship to relationship satisfaction, as well as for reconciling inconsistent findings in the literature.
Predicting cross‐sex first‐date sexual expectations and involvement: Contextual and individual difference factors
Authors: MONGEAU PAUL A. , JOHNSON KRISTEN L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study investigates how individual difference variables (gender and self‐monitoring) and contextual factors (gender of the date‐initiator and alcohol consumption) influence sexual expectations for, and sexual involvement on, a first date. College students reported on their most recent male‐ or female‐initiated first date. Alcohol and gender were the strongest determinants of both sexual expectations and involvement. Binge drinkers engaged in more sexual involvement than did nonbinge drinkers who, in turn, engaged in greater sexual involvement than nondrinkers. Men reported more intimate sexual expectations and involvement than women. Individual difference and contextual variables explained more of the variance in males' (when compared to females') sexual expectations and involvement.
Correlates of parent–child communication about specific sexual topics: A study of rural parents with school‐aged children
Authors: WHITE CARMEL PARKER , WRIGHT DAVID W. , BARNES HOWARD L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractUsing data from 600 parents of children aged 5 to 18, and a context‐oriented, developmental socialization conceptual framework, the interrelationships between parents' perceptions of themselves, their child, and their family relationships and the amount of parent–child discussion of 16 sexuality topics were explored. Canonical correlation analysis was used to demonstrate how circumstances and contexts influence the complexity of parent–child conversations for mother–daughter, mother–son, father–son, and father–daughter dyads. Results lend support to the conceptual framework used, as well as to previous studies of this topic area. The implications of these findings for parent–child relationships and for future research on parent–child communication about sexuality are discussed.
Gender differences in beliefs about the causes of male and female sexual desire
Authors: REGAN PAMELA C. , BERSCHEID ELLEN 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLittle is known about the beliefs men and women have about the causes of sexual desire, despite the interpersonal and individual significance of those beliefs. Participants in this study received a definition of sexual desire and answered a set of free‐response questions exploring their beliefs about the causal antecedents of male and female sexual desire. The results indicated that more women than men view female (and male) sexual desire as caused by external factors. In addition, both men and women believe that male and female sexual desire have different causes: intraindividual and erotic environmental factors are believed to cause male sexual desire, but interpersonal and romantic environmental factors are believed to cause female sexual desire. Although both men and women view physical attractiveness and overall personality as sexually desirable male and female characteristics, women, but not men, view femininity as a sexually desirable female characteristic, and men, but not women, view social and financial power or status as a sexually desirable male attribute.
Cultural perspectives on romantic love
Authors: DION KAREN K. , DION KENNETH L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractCulture‐related dimensions contribute to a more complete understanding of romantic love. In particular, we suggest that the dimensions of individualism and collectivism, at both societal and psychological levels, offer insights into the nature of romantic love and its perceived importance for marriage. Changes In values pertaining to romantic love and its role In choosing a spouse are evident In several traditionally collectivistic societies and among persons from these societies emigrating to countries such as Canada, Australia, and the United States. Given these trends, we discuss the need to study individualism and collectivism at the psychological level and present findings from our own program of research.
A social categorical approach to a question about love
Authors: BERSCHEID ELLEN , MEYERS SARAH A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlthough scholars' interest in love phenomena has continued to increase in recent years, a common conceptual language for the study of love has not yet emerged, as is evidenced by the large number of love taxonomies and associated vocabularies that have been advocated. A promising avenue for the development of a common scientific vocabulary of love lies in the systematic examination of the love vocabularies of laypersons to identify what varieties of love, if any, their lexicon reflects. Several means by which love researchers have attempted such examinations are described and illustrated with reference to the linguistic expressions “love” and “in love.” These methods include direct questioning, autobiographical reports, inferential studies, and the prototype approach, which introduces the probabilistic view of cognitive categorization structure and process to the study of love. Several of the underlying assumptions of the prototype approach are discussed and contrasted to those of the social categorical approach we present here. The social categorical method is described in this approach, respondents place persons in their actual social worlds into social categories, and the associations among the memberships of those categories are examined. Finally, the implications of some of the findings derived from this method for a taxonomy of love and for the study of interpersonal relationships are discussed.
Love stories
Authors: STERNBERG ROBERT J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis article presents a view of love as a story. The basic idea is that through the interaction of our personal attributes with the environment, the latter of which we in part create, we develop stories about love that we then seek to fulfill in our lives. Various potential partners fit these stories to greater and lesser degrees, and we are more likely to be attracted to and then to become intimate with partners who better fulfill the roles we have created in our stories. Each story has two complementary roles, and people tend to be satisfied in relationships when they can match persons to ideal stories and roles within those stones. A tentative taxonomy of some kinds of stories is presented, and the characteristics of the stones are described. The view is also related to contemporary theories of love, and it is argued that the current view is complementary with these theories, in that it answers different questions about the nature of love than do the other theories.
Adult attachment style and partner choice: Correlational and experimental findings
Authors: FRAZIER PATRICIA A. , BYER ANNE L. , FISCHER ANN R. , WRIGHT DEBORAH M. , DEBORD KURT A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree studies were conducted to assess the role of attachment style in partner selection using both correlational and experimental methods. Study 1 (n = 83 couples) assessed correlations between partner ratings on attachment‐style dimensions and the relations between own and partner attachment style and relationship satisfaction. In Study 2 (n = 226) and Study 3 (n = 146), participants who varied in terms of attachment style rated the desirability of potential partners who also differed in terms of attachment style. Results of all three studies generally suggested that individuals were most attracted to partners with similar attachment styles. For example, anxious individuals tended to be dating anxious partners in Study 1, and they preferred anxious partners over secure and avoidant partners in Studies 2 and 3 (combined data). Thus, not all individuals preferred secure partners. Second, unlike previous studies that looked primarily at partner correlations, there was no evidence of anxious/avoidant matching. In fact, anxious individuals seemed particularly averse to avoidant partners. Finally, ratings of parental caregiving styles (especially ratings of mothers) were associated with adult attachment dimensions and partner choices. For example, individuals who rated their mothers as more cold and ambivalent were less attracted to secure partners. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Babytalk as a communication of intimate attachment: An initial study in adult romances and friendships
Authors: BOMBAR MEREDITH L. , LITTIG LAWRENCE W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBabytalk is a speech register that has been studied most extensively as it is spoken by mothers to infants, but without attention to its possible role in emotional bonding. We suggest that babytalk plays such a role–that it expresses and facilitates intimate psychological connection, and in a variety of relationships. We first overview relevant literature to show that an association between babytalk and intimate attachment makes sense. Then we report a questionnaire study, which is the first to explore this association as well as the first empirical documentation that babytalk occurs in adult romances and friendships. Self‐reported features and examples of the speech register (as spoken in a particular romance) verified it as babytalk. Individuals who had babytalked to friends or romantic partners tended to be more secure and less avoidant with regard to attachments in general. Within a particular romantic relationship, indicators of intimacy and attachment accounted for about 22% of the variance in babytalk frequency. Partner's babytalking was the strongest predictor, accounting for about 42% of the variance. Communication intentions accompanying babytalk paralleled the hallmarks of attachment, especially affection and play. These and other results suggest that babytalk functions in the process of intimate personal connection.
Stroke patients' well‐being as a function of caregiving spouses' helpful and unhelpful actions
Authors: CLARK SARAH L. , STEPHENS MARY ANN PARRIS 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study examined the perceptions that 55 older married stroke patients had about themselves and about the motivations of their caregiving spouses when they judged their spouses' actions to be helpful and when they judged them to be unhelpful. It also examined how these perceptions were related to patients' well‐being (depression, positive affect, marital satisfaction). Patients had more negative perceptions of themselves and of their spouses when they judged the actions to be unhelpful than when they judged them to be helpful. The hypothesis that perceptions about unhelpful actions would be more strongly related to patients' well‐being than would perceptions about helpful actions was only partially supported. Perceptions about unhelpful actions were related to patients' depression, but perceptions about helpful actions were related to positive affect. Both kinds of perceptions were related to marital satisfaction. Findings begin to explicate the complex relationship between perceived helpfulness of actions and well‐being.
Adolescents' romantic relationships and the structure and quality of their close interpersonal ties
Authors: CONNOLLY JENNIFER A. , JOHNSON ANNE M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeveral interpersonal theories suggest that adolescents' romantic relationships are associated with distinct patterns of social experience. In this study, 1,049 adolescents indicated whether they had a boy/girlfriend and the temporal duration of the relationship. They described the structure of their peer networks and the quality of their relationships with a parent/adult and best friend. Adolescents with a boy/girlfriend reported larger networks, more opposite‐sex friends, and more nonschool friends. Adolescents with longer romantic relationships reported more social support with the boy/girlfriend than did adolescents with short‐term romantic relationships. Temporal duration also moderated the salience of the romantic relationship. Those of short duration were viewed less favorably than friend and parent/adult relationships, whereas those of longer duration were viewed more favorably. Finally, continuity in perceived quality was evident between romantic and other relationships. Overall, the results support the view that romantic relationships are embedded within adolescents' ongoing social experience and show important links to the structure and quality of their relationships with parents and with peers.
Family of origin and interpersonal contributions to the interdependence of dating partners' trust
Authors: BARTLE SUZANNE E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to further the study of factors that contribute to trust in relation to a dating partner. Specifically, this study investigated the interdependence of dating partner trust using a nonrecursive path model that included present‐day family‐of‐origin experience. The most reliable data available suggest that self‐disclosure and trust from the other partner are significant contributors to trust (cf. Butler, 1986; Haas, 1981; Larzelere & Huston, 1980; Rubin, 1975). However, these do not appear to explain completely the ability to trust another. Using these findings and theoretical linkages between trust and family‐of‐origin experiences, a model was specified with a reciprocal path between male partner and female partner trust. The reciprocal paths were not significant. However, male partner trust was best explained by his emotional reactivity toward his parents, and female partner trust was best explained by her comfort with self‐disclosure. These results are discussed in relation to previous research.