bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time evaluation and adaptation to facilitate rapid recruitment in a large cohort
Authors: Honushefsky Ashley , Wagner Eric S. , Sheridan Kathleen , Spickard Kathleen M. , LeMasters William R. , Walter Carroll N. , Beaver Taryn , Lennon Anne Marie , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Buchanan Adam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background Recruiting large, diverse cohorts efficiently can speed the translation of findings into care across a range of scientific disciplines and medical specialties. Yet, recruitment can be hampered by factors such as financial barriers, logistical concerns, and lack of resources for patients and clinicians. Here we use a case study of a large, prospective trial of a multi-cancer early detection test to describe how the study team tracked enrollment, protocol fidelity, and participant experience and iteratively adapted procedures.Methods While conducting a large, prospective trial of a multi-cancer early detection blood test at Geisinger, an integrated health system in central Pennsylvania, we monitored recruitment progress, fidelity to protocol, and participants’ satisfaction. Tracking mechanisms such as paper records, electronic health records, research databases, dashboards, and electronic files were utilized to measure each outcome. We then reviewed study procedures and timelines to list the implementation strategies that were used to address barriers to recruitment, protocol fidelity and participant satisfaction.Results Adaptations to methods that contributed to achieving the enrollment goal included adopting group consenting, improving visit convenience, increasing electronic capture and tracking of data and source documents, staffing optimization via leveraging resources external to the study team when appropriate, and integrating the disclosure of study results into routine clinical care without adding unfunded work for physicians. We maintained high protocol fidelity and positive participant experience as exhibited by a very low rate of protocol deviations and participant complaints.Conclusion Recruiting rapidly for large studies – and thereby facilitating clinical translation – requires a nimble, creative approach that marshals available resources and changes course according to data. Planning a rigorous assessment of a study’s implementation outcomes prior to study recruitment can further ground study adaptations and facilitate translation into practice. This can be accomplished by proactively and continuously assessing and revising implementation strategies.
Faecal microbiota and serum inflammatory markers in dogs with chronic enteropathy diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and small-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kaga Chiaki , Kakiyama Sayaka , Hokkyo Atsuko , Ogata Yuzuru , Shibata Junko , Nagahara Takuro , Maho Nakazawa , Nakagawa Taisuke , Tsujimoto Hajime , Chambers James , Uchida Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Satoshi , kobayashi Toshihide , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Mizusawa Naomi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Dogs diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE), which includes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small-cell lymphoma (SCL), exhibit marked differences in faecal microbiota and organic acid profiles compared with healthy dogs, as well as immune abnormalities in intestinal mucosal tissue. However, few studies have analysed trace organic acids, such as succinic acid, which have been suggested to be associated with IBD in humans. Therefore, in this study, we compared the faecal microbiota and organic acid profiles as well as serum inflammatory markers between dogs with CE (n = 11; 6 with IBD and 5 with SCL) and healthy controls (n = 16). We also performed machine learning and correlation analysis to obtain more detailed insights into the characteristics of affected dogs. These results revealed that dogs with CE had lower levels of Erysipelotrichaceae (e.g. Turicibacter and Allobaculum), exhibited abnormalities in the succinic acid metabolism (i.e. succinic acid accumulation and decreased levels of Phascolarctobacterium as succinic acid-utilising bacteria) and increased levels of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella. Additionally, the presence of Dubosiella was significantly negatively correlated with Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index scores. These findings are expected to aid the development of microbiome-based medications and/or supplements, although further verification is needed.
Optimization of multi-directional forging parameters of large-scale Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy forged part guided by finite element simulation
Authors: Li Jiyu , Zeng Jian , Wang Fulin , Zhao Chaoyu , Zhou Haitao , Wang Fenghua , Dong Shuai , Jin Li , Dong Jie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Based on the thermal compression stress-strain curves and three-dimensional processing maps of the homogenized Mg-8.5Gd-2.5Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy in our previous published work, we performed a comprehensive investigation to assess the influence of multi-directional forging parameter (i.e. per-pass reduction, pass number and temperature) on the strain uniformity of large-scale forged part by finite element simulation. The results indicate that compared to forging temperature and pass reduction, the pass number of deformation significantly influences the strain uniformity. The optimal forging parameters were obtained for a large-scale ingot with 430 mm in diameter and 440 mm in height, i.e., the forging temperature of 450°C, pass reduction of 40%, pass number of 5 and forging speed of 10 mm/s. Finally, a large-scale forged part with the diameter of 900 mm and the height of 100 mm was successfully produced under the optimal forming condition. The average grain sizes of edge and center regions of the forged part are (4.08 ± 3.25) µm and (5.58 ± 2.19) µm, respectively, exhibiting a small microstructure difference. The mechanical properties anisotropy is also low, and the tensile strength differences at each position are less than 20 MPa.
Synergies overcome trade-offs between climate policy and water-related SDG targets
Authors: Rimba Andi , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Kawamitsu Yuzuru , Oki Taikan , Kiguchi Masashi , Tokuda Daisuke , Hanasaki Naota , Zhipin Ai , Iizumi Toshichika , Nozaki Noriko , Kim Wonsik 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The United Nations has reported that the world is off track to achieve water sustainability and this has been exacerbated by climate change. Studies indicate that water-related sustainable development goals (SDGs) have significant synergies and trade-offs involving various sectors. We measure the synergies and trade-offs between climate actions (mitigation and adaptation) and five water-related SDG targets based on a global numerical simulation driven by climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. We found that synergies outweigh trade-offs in all regions regarding water-related targets, with an approximately five-fold difference in the globally affected population. The main trade-off source is increased water use due to economic development in Africa and Central/South America, and increased irrigation water if bio-energy crop production is enhanced in Africa and North Africa, suggesting that more coordinated policy-making is needed between climate action and water management in these regions.
Use of seasonal dry and wet precipitation records to estimate the Time of Emergence (TOE) of changes in extreme precipitation anomalies
Authors: Giorgi Filippo , Raffaele Francesca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We use a method based on the detection of record breaking values in time series of seasonal precipitation anomalies to investigate the time of emergence (TOE) of changes in seasonal precipitation wet and dry extremes over 31 land regions of the world. The method is applied to the CMIP6 ensemble of 21st century projections for the SSP5-8.5 and SSP1-2.6 scenarios and to two observational datasets. Deviations of the number of detected records from the theoretical (reference) value expected from stationary climate conditions is indicative of trends in seasonal precipitation extremes. We find that, in response to climate warming, regions for which increased (decreased) mean precipitation is projected by the model ensemble, also experience a number of positive (negative) precipitation anomaly records much larger than the reference value. Also, the magnitued of changes in record anomalies is substantially larger than the changes in the mean. We then introduce an ad-hoc TOE criterion based on the ratio of actual to reference number of records (RatAR), and find that, in the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the TOE occurs as early as the late decades of the 20th century, and in most cases by the mid decades of the 21st century. A dominant projected increase in seasonal precipitation interannual variability also contributes to this result. Application of a similar criterion to the observation dataset yields TOE in the late 20th or early 21st century only for a small number of regional cases, for which, however, the direction of the change is mostly in agreement with the model projections. Our methodology can be useful in the assessment of impacts of seasonal drought-prone and flood-prone conditions and in studies of detection and attribution of seasonal precipitation extremes.
Cytokine polarized, alternatively activated bone marrow neutrophils drive axon regeneration
Authors: Segal Benjamin , Jerome Andrew , Sas Andrew , Wang Yan , Wen Jing , Atkinson Jeffrey , Webb Amy , Liu Tom 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The adult central nervous system (CNS) possesses a limited capacity for self-repair. Severed CNS axons typically fail to regrow. There is an unmet need for treatments designed to enhance neuronal viability, facilitate axon regeneration, and ultimately restore lost neurological functions to individuals affected by traumatic CNS injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and other neurological disorders. Here we demonstrate that both mouse and human bone marrow (BM) neutrophils, when polarized with a combination of recombinant interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), upregulate alternative activation markers and produce an array of growth factors, thereby gaining the capacity to promote neurite outgrowth. Moreover, adoptive transfer of IL-4/G-CSF polarized BM neutrophils into experimental models of CNS injury triggered substantial axon regeneration within the optic nerve and spinal cord. These findings have far-reaching implications for the future development of autologous myeloid cell-based therapies that may bring us closer to effective solutions for reversing CNS damage.
Novel Ionic Liquid/Polyetherimide Composite Membranes: The Interplay of Transport Properties and Membrane Structure
Authors: Rogalsky Sergiy , Vashchuk Alina , Stanovsky Petr , Tarasyuk Oksana , Delpouve Nicolas , Dargent Eric , Izak Pavel , Pasichnyk Mariia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Novel composite membranes based on high-performance poly(ether imide sulfone) (XH-1015, EXTEM™ RESIN) were developed by incorporating 20–60 wt.% of hydrophobic protic ionic liquid, 2-butylaminoimidazolinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BAIm][TFSI]). Structure-properties relationships for the membrane were investigated by using EDS, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and sessile-drop water contact angle measurements. The interaction between the carbonyl group of the imide cycle and imidazolinium cations via hydrogen bonding was evident. The introduction of 20–60 wt.% [BAIm][TFSI] at PEI matrix significantly reduces the glass transition temperature by 84–216°C, respectively, and enhances the surface's hydrophilicity. All the membranes revealed excellent thermal stability up to 400°C. The membranes were tested for their gas permeability as potential gas sensors for CO2 or membrane materials. The unusual transitions of gas permeability mechanism with increasing [BAIm][TFSI] content in the composite were discovered opening a possibility to fabricate a functionally hierarchical membrane for tunable separation of gases from complex mixtures.
A case control study to assess and compare cognitive functions among chess players and non- chess players aged 11 to 16 years in Western India
Authors: Singh Yuvraj Rananajay , Kadam Swapnali Saurabh , Mital Anukant 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background:
Chess has long been used to evaluate fundamental cognitive functions including memory and problem solving, where the executive function is crucial. Studies show that chess enables young players to gain advantages in a variety of cognitive domains and it has been demonstrated that chess players have better spatial reasoning, long-term planning, decision-making, memory, cognitive development, academic performance, mental development, scholastic achievement, and strategic, creative, and critical thinking. The purpose of this study is to compare and assess cognitive functions among chess players and non-chess players aged 11 to 16 years in Western India.
Methods:
The study was conducted in total 120 participants- 60 chess players (case) and 60 non-chess players (control) aged 11-16 years with normal BMI and no cognitive impairment (MMSE test>24). Participants were assessed for cognitive functions using several tests- Executive function and selective attention (Stroop and Eriksen-Flanker test), Working memory (N-back test), Reaction time (Deary-Liewald task) and Intelligence (Bhatia Battery Tests of Intelligence).
Results:
Significant p values were found for Stroop congruent time (p<0.001), Stroop incongruent time (p<0.001), Eriksen-Flanker congruent time (p<0.001), Eriksen-Flanker incongruent time (p<0.001), N-back (working memory) correct response (p<0.001), Deary-Liewald Simple reaction time (p<0.001), Deary-Liewald Choice reaction time (p<0.001), Bhatia’s Battery Tests of Intelligence Quotient (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
In contrast to non-chess players, the chess players demonstrated better and enhanced cognitive functions- selective attention, executive function, working memory, single reaction time, choice reaction time and intelligence quotient.
Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Arora Anil , Asnake Getnet , Harna Bushu , Sonkawade Venktesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fungal periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) is a rare but serious complication with potentially devastating consequences. We present a case of fungal PJI with no identified risk factor following primary total knee arthroplasty. Culture isolated the growth of Candida albicans with drug sensitivity to fluconazole and amphotericin B. We treated with two-stage revision arthroplasty in combination with systemic and local antifungal agents. At the follow-up of 2 years, the patient was symptom-free with a stable knee and 0-120 degrees of flexion. Orthopaedic surgeons should suspect and be aware of fungal PJI, and routine culture of synovial aspirate for fungal pathogens helps in early diagnosis and management.
Evaluating a one-day parent-only intervention in the treatment of youth with anxiety disorders: Child and family-level outcomes
Authors: Cobham Vanessa , Radtke Sarah R. , Hawkins Ingrid , Jordan Michele , Ali Nasriah Rizman , Ollendick Thomas H. , Sanders Matthew R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective: Parent-only cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions have promise for youth with anxiety disorders. Fear-Less Triple P (FLTP) is one such intervention that has been found comparable to child-focused CBT. Although traditionally administered in six sessions, a one-day workshop format of FLTP was developed to improve accessibility. The current study compared the effectiveness of the six-session and one-day workshop formats.
Method: Seventy-three youth (mean age, 8.4 years; 74% male) were randomized to traditional FLTP (6-week group) or the one-day workshop format. Anxiety diagnostic status, self- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms scores, independent evaluator-rated improvement, treatment satisfaction, and measures of family functioning were included to assess treatment outcome. Data were collected prior to treatment, and one-week, six-months, and twelve-months following treatment.
Results: Both conditions resulted in significant improvement in child anxiety symptom scores per parent report (on both questionnaire and diagnostic interview measures). Furthermore, significant decreases in sibling anxiety were observed in both treatment conditions. There were no statistically significant differences between conditions on any outcome measure.
Conclusions: Results of this study add to the growing evidence that brief, low-intensity, parent-only interventions can effectively target child psychopathology. These brief interventions are ideal for families for whom the resources and time required to commit to a standard multi-week intervention are prohibitive.
Data Transparency Statement: There are no previously published or currently in press works stemming from the same dataset upon which the current paper is based.
Registration of Clinical Trials: This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12615001284550).
The Immunological considerations in patients with Thymoma : A case report with lessons beyond resection
Authors: Szpytma Malgorzata , Yang Yanling , Crouch Gareth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Thymic epithelial tumours (TET) are a rare group of immunologically active thymic malignancies associated with paraneoplastic and extremely rare autoimmune conditions. Good Syndrome (GS) is one such rare adult-onset immunodeficiency associated with Thymoma. The incidence is 0.15 cases per 100 000 population years, immunophenotype is variable and it is associated with significant morbidity and poor ten-year survival estimated at only 30%.
Case presentation
A 22-year-old female with recurrent infections, ocular limited Myasthenia Gravis and large thymoma underwent elective total thymectomy via median sternotomy. Surgical resection was unremarkable however post operatively she developed a chylothorax with pleural fluid cultures positive for Candida Albicans requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy. Her post operative course was further complicated by shingles, myopericarditis, brachioradialis myositis, and bulbar myasthenic crises. Immunological work up showed pan-hypogammaglobulinemia IgG 3.8 (7–16 g/L), IgA < 0.05 (0.7-4 g/L), IgM 0.12 (0.4–2.3 g/L), absent pneumococcal humoral response, reduced T cells (CD3 + 0.43x109/L with a normal CD4/8 ratio) but normal total B cells (CD19+/20 + 0.11 x109/L). She was diagnosed with Good Syndrome and is actively managed with long term Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG).
Conclusions
The immunological sequelae of TET, GS in particular, are poorly understood and under recognized in the surgical community. This case report highlights diagnostic complexities and emphasizes a need early, comprehensive, multidisciplinary perioperative management.
Phytoconstitutents from Indian medicinal plants show therapeutic potential to combat COVID-19 by bind to SARS CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro)
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Tripathi Manish Kumar , Khare Ruchi , Jhade Sandeep Kumar , Khan Anam , Mukherjee Sukhes , Ahirwar Sonu Singh , Ray Suman Kumar , Shrivastava Rahul , Kotnis Ashwin Laxmikant 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the novel and highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing high mortality and morbidity globally. Currently, there is no approved medication for treating COVID-19. Phytoconstituents of Indian medicinal plants have potential for treating COVID-19 by targeting main protease potential of SARS-CoV-2.
Methods and Design:
Here the ability of 47 phytoconstituents from 20 plants to interact with the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce its activity has been investigated. The docking energy of the interaction was calculated by AutoDock software.
Results
We report Alliin (-12.61 Kcal/mol), Withanoside II & IV (-11.02 & 11.30 Kcal/mol) and 13-cis-β- carotene (-10.23 Kcal/ mol) shows strong binding with Mpro.
Conclusion
We have identified 11 potential phytoconstituents that bind to gamma variant of SCoV2 of which Cryptospirolepine is the most promising phytoconstituent. Further in vitro and in vivo studies will help in testing the usability of these compounds in tackling COVID-19.
A preliminary study of white matter disconnections underlying deficits in limb apraxia
Authors: Rounis Elisabeth , Thompson Elinor , Pacella Valentina , Nozais Victor , Pizzamiglio Gloria , Schotten Michel Thiebaut 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Limb apraxia is an acquired higher-order motor disorder affecting skilful actions, often observed following a stroke. It is assessed on tasks involving gesture production, recognition, imitation, object use, and multi-object sequencing. A two-system model for the organisation of action has been hypothesised based on errors patients make on these tasks. This distinguishes between deficits conceptualising actions mediated by an ‘indirect’ route to action, and deficits in implementing skilful actions, mediated via a ‘direct’ route. We tested 29 stroke patients with left hemisphere lesions on comprehensive apraxic tasks provided by the Birmingham Cognitive Screening. We employed white matter disconnection mapping, derived from patients’ structural T1 lesions and a diffusion-weighted dataset composed of 176 healthy participants, acquired with 7 T MRI scans from the human connectome project (HCP). Our analysis revealed that deficits in meaningless gesture imitation were associated with significant disconnection of the left and right occipital lobes via the splenium of the corpus callosum. This finding highlights a possible role of the right hemisphere in mediating ‘direct’ pathway- visuomotor deficits associated with apraxia. Though we did not identify a significant difference in tasks pertaining to an ‘indirect’ pathway in apraxia, there was a trend toward disconnection of the left fornix in gesture production tasks. Our results suggest separable disconnections associated with perceptual ‘direct’ and, possibly, more conceptual (memory-related) ‘indirect’ pathways. Further research with larger patient cohorts is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings, enhancing our understanding of the intricate neurobehavioural consequences of stroke, such as limb apraxia.