bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of the variable square pulse Er:YAG laser cutting efficacy for apicectomy
Authors: Grgurević Joško , Grgurević Lovro , Miletić Ivana , Karlović Zoran , Krmek Silvana Jukić , Anić Ivica 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVariable square pulse (VSP) Er:YAG laser should be quicker than older Er:YAG lasers. The objectives were: (1) comparison of VSP laser and mechanical handpiece efficacy for apicectomy and (2) determination of optimal pulse width/energy/frequency combination.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSixty extracted, single‐rooted mature human teeth with round apical parts were instrumented, root filled, cleaned, and divided into four groups. Apical 2 mm of each root were apicectomized with mechanical handpiece and Er:YAG laser with three different settings (LaserA = 200 mJ/300 microseconds/ 8 Hz; LaserB = 200 mJ/100 microseconds/8 Hz; LaserC = 380 mJ/100 microseconds/20 Hz). Timing results were statistically compared.ResultsLaserC was the most efficient setting. Differences between groups were significant except between LaserC–Mechanical and LaserA–LaserC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsVSP Er:YAG laser used for apicectomy is slower by a factor of 7–31 than mechanical handpiece, but treatment outcome is acceptable. Optimal settings for apicectomy with VSP laser are 380 mJ/100 microseconds/20 Hz. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A zero theorem for the transfer of coherent Witt groups
Authors: Gille Stefan , Hornbostel Jens 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLet R be a Gorenstein ring of finite Krull dimension and t ∈ R a regular element. We show that if the quotient map R → R/Rt has a flat splitting then the transfer morphism of coherent Witt groups Tr(R/Rt)/R : $ \widetilde W^{i} $(R/Rt) → $ \widetilde W^{i+1} $(R) is zero for all i ∈ ℤ. As an application we give another proof of the Gersten conjecture for Witt groups in the case of regular semilocal rings essentially of finite type over a field of characteristic not 2. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bound states of atoms in a homogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Vugalter Semjon 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe consider Schrödinger operators of atoms in a homogeneous magnetic field. We prove that for each fixed value of the pseudomomentum, the corresponding operator has an infinite number of eigenvalues. The asymptotic behaviour of the counting function is studied for values of spectral parameter near the bottom of the essential spectrum. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mammalian sperm phosphodiesterases and their involvement in receptor‐mediated cell signaling important for capacitation
Authors: Baxendale Rhona W. , Fraser Lynn R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the presence and function of intracellular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in mature mouse spermatozoa. PCR analysis detected gene transcripts for most of the 11 known PDE families in whole testis, but mainly for PDEs 1, 3, 6, and 8 in spermatozoa. Using specific antibodies, the strongest evidence was obtained for PDE proteins 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 11 in both sperm lysates and intact cells. These showed a range of subcellular localizations, with PDE 1A being primarily in the flagellum but PDEs 4D and 10A being in both the acrosomal region and the flagellum, similar to specific G proteins and adenylyl cyclases implicated in cAMP regulation during capacitation. In live spermatozoa, inhibitors selective for PDE 1 (MMPX) and 4 (rolipram) significantly increased cAMP over control levels but only rolipram significantly stimulated capacitation and in‐vitro fertilizing ability; this suggests that compartmentalization has functional implications since only PDE 4 was abundant in both head and flagellum. Treatment of spermatozoa with CGS 21680, a stimulatory adenosine receptor agonist, significantly reduced cAMP‐PDE activity at the same time‐point when it causes increased cAMP. Thus, certain receptor‐regulated cAMP processes in spermatozoa may be controlled by changes in both PDE and cyclase activities. In addition to demonstrating for the first time that some of the more recently discovered PDE isoforms, including PDE 6 (usually associated with the retina), are present in mature spermatozoa, this study provides clear evidence that the intracellular location of specific PDEs has important functional significance during capacitation and fertilization. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurobehavioral assessment before birth
Authors: DiPietro Janet A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe complexities of neurobehavioral assessment of the fetus, which can be neither directly viewed nor manipulated, cannot be understated. Impetus to develop methods for measuring fetal neurobehavioral development has been provided by the recognition that individual differences in neurobehavioral functioning do not originate with birth and acceptance of the key contribution of the antenatal period to postnatal life. Research has centered around four aspects of fetal functioning: heart rate, motor activity, behavioral state, and responsivity to stimulation. Longitudinal studies have revealed that the developmental trajectories of these characteristics parallel the developing nervous system, detected a transitional period between 28 and 32 weeks gestation, and established within‐fetal stability during the second half of gestation. Despite the promise of fetal stimulation and habituation paradigms as measures of neural functioning, significant safety and ethical concerns exist. Construction of a unified fetal neurobehavioral scale is premature until a sufficient degree of normative data is available and the predictive validity of specific aspects of fetal neurobehavior to child developmental outcomes is better established. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:4–13.
Prechtl's assessment of general movements: A diagnostic tool for the functional assessment of the young nervous system
Authors: Einspieler Christa , Prechtl Heinz F. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGeneral movements (GMs) are part of the spontaneous movement repertoire and are present from early fetal life onwards until the end of the first half a year of life. GMs are complex, occur frequently, and last long enough to be observed properly. They involve the whole body in a variable sequence of arm, leg, neck, and trunk movements. They wax and wane in intensity, force and speed, and they have a gradual beginning and end. Rotations along the axis of the limbs and slight changes in the direction of movements make them fluent and elegant and create the impression of complexity and variability. If the nervous system is impaired, GMs loose their complex and variable character and become monotonous and poor. Two specific abnormal GM patterns reliably predict later cerebral palsy: 1) a persistent pattern of cramped‐synchronized GMs. The movements appear rigid and lack the normal smooth and fluent character. Limb and trunk muscles contract and relax almost simultaneously. 2) The absence of GMs of fidgety character. So‐called fidgety movements are small movements of moderate speed with variable acceleration of neck, trunk, and limbs in all directions. Normally, they are the predominant movement pattern in an awake infant at 3 to 5 months. Beside a sensitivity and specificity of 95% each, the assessment of GMs is quick, noninvasive, even nonintrusive, and cost‐effective compared with other techniques, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, brain ultrasound, and traditional neurological examination. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:61–67.
Assessment of infant oral sensorimotor and swallowing function
Authors: Rogers Brian , Arvedson Joan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe development of feeding and swallowing is the result of a complex interface between the developing nervous system, various physiological systems, and the environment. The purpose of this article is to review the neurobiology, development, and assessment of feeding and swallowing during early infancy. In recent years, there have been exciting advances in our understanding of the physiology and neurological control of feeding and swallowing. These advances may prove useful in furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of dysphagia in infancy. Progress in developing standardized, reliable, and valid measures of oral sensorimotor and swallowing function in infancy has been slow. However, there have been significant advances in the instrumental analysis of feeding and swallowing disorders in infancy, including manometric analyses of sucking and swallowing, measures of respiration during feeding, videofluoroscopic swallow evaluations, ultrasonography, and flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. Further efforts are needed to develop clinical evaluative measures of dysphagia in infancy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:74–82.
Towards creation of a unified view of the neurodevelopment of the infant
Authors: Lipkin Paul H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractDuring the twentieth century, study of the neurologic development of the fetus and infant has resulted in multiple neurodevelopmental assessments. They have been used both for determination of the integrity of the neonate as well as for assessment of the child's outcome from prenatal and neonatal medical interventions. These models of assessment have broadened our view and understanding of the development of functions such as movement, posture, attention, oromotor skills, and behavior. The link between these areas and the traditional areas of neurologic and psychiatric examination of older children and adults is explored through discussion of the maturation of movement, cranial nerve function, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral responses. Gaps in knowledge remain about the relationship between early neurodevelopmental assessments and later findings. A single unified means of examining the infant is also lacking. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:103–106.
Pathophysiology of anthracycline‐ and radiation‐associated cardiomyopathies: Implications for screening and prevention
Authors: Adams M. Jacob , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGreat progress has been made in treating childhood cancers over the past 40 years. Along with second malignancies, a major complication of anti‐cancer therapies is adverse cardiovascular effects, especially cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. The pathophysiology and characteristics of cardiomyopathy associated with radiation therapy and anthracycline therapy are distinctive. We describe each type of cardiomyopathy, along with its risk factors. These distinctive cardiomyopathies require different screening tests. Appropriate screening of the entire cardiovascular system should be performed because radiation and chemotherapy affect the entire system. Prevention recommendations focus on cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:600–606. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydration of protein–protein interfaces
Authors: Rodier Francis , Bahadur Ranjit Prasad , Chakrabarti Pinak , Janin Joël 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present an analysis of the water molecules immobilized at the protein–protein interfaces of 115 homodimeric proteins and 46 protein–protein complexes, and compare them with 173 large crystal packing interfaces representing nonspecific interactions. With an average of 15 waters per 1000 Å2 of interface area, the crystal packing interfaces are more hydrated than the specific interfaces of homodimers and complexes, which have 10–11 waters per 1000 Å2, reflecting the more hydrophilic composition of crystal packing interfaces. Very different patterns of hydration are observed: Water molecules may form a ring around interfaces that remain “dry,” or they may permeate “wet” interfaces. A majority of the specific interfaces are dry and most of the crystal packing interfaces are wet, but counterexamples exist in both categories. Water molecules at interfaces form hydrogen bonds with protein groups, with a preference for the main‐chain carbonyl and the charged side‐chains of Glu, Asp, and Arg. These interactions are essentially the same in specific and nonspecific interfaces, and very similar to those observed elsewhere on the protein surface. Water‐mediated polar interactions are as abundant at the interfaces as direct protein–protein hydrogen bonds, and they may contribute to the stability of the assembly. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of X‐ray and NMR structures: Is there a systematic difference in residue contacts between X‐ray‐ and NMR‐resolved protein structures?
Authors: Garbuzynskiy Sergiy O. , Melnik Bogdan S. , Lobanov Michail Yu. , Finkelstein Alexei V. , Galzitskaya Oxana V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe have compared structures of 78 proteins determined by both NMR and X‐ray methods. It is shown that X‐ray and NMR structures of the same protein have more differences than various X‐ray structures obtained for the protein, and even more than various NMR structures of the protein. X‐ray and NMR structures of 18 of these 78 proteins have obvious large‐scale structural differences that seem to reflect a difference of crystal and solution structures. The other 60 pairs of structures have only small‐scale differences comparable with differences between various X‐ray or various NMR structures of a protein; we have analyzed these structures more attentively. One of the main differences between NMR and X‐ray structures concerns the number of contacts per residue: (1) NMR structures presented in PDB have more contacts than X‐ray structures at distances below 3.0 Å and 4.5–6.5 Å, and fewer contacts at distances of 3.0–4.5 Å and 6.5–8.0 Å; (2) this difference in the number of contacts is greater for internal residues than for external ones, and it is larger for β‐containing proteins than for all‐α proteins. Another significant difference is that the main‐chain hydrogen bonds identified in X‐ray and NMR structures often differ. Their correlation is 69% only. However, analogous difference is found for refined and rerefined NMR structures, allowing us to suggest that the observed difference in interresidue contacts of X‐ray and NMR structures of the same proteins is due mainly to a difference in mathematical treatment of experimental results. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of halogen substitution on p‐phenylenebiscarbene
Authors: Nicolaides Athanassios 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe effect of halogen (F, Cl, and Br) perturbation on the geometries and relative energies of five electronic states (one quintet, two triplets, and two singlets) of p‐phenylenebiscarbene (1‐H) was examined computationally using MCSCF/6‐31G(d) wavefunctions. In all four cases (1‐X, X=H, F, Cl, Br) the ground state is a singlet diradical of A′ symmetry. Halogen substitution is found to have a minimal effect on the geometries and on the relative energies of electronic states of the same symmetry. However, it has a pronounced stabilizing effect on the energies of the A″ states relative to the A′ ones. Among the halogens the stabilization is strongest for the fluorine derivative resulting in a small T(A″)‐S(A′) splitting of 8 kcal/mol. The hydroxy analog (1‐OH) has almost degenerate singlet A′ and triplet A″ states, whereas the amino‐substituted one (1‐NH2) is computed to be a ground‐state (A″) triplet. Several of the findings can be accommodated by a qualitative valence‐bond model, which also relates the T(A″)‐S(A′) splittings in 1‐X and the corresponding phenylcarbene (PhCX). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Electron ionization mass spectra of indolenines obtained using sector and ion trap mass spectrometers
Authors: Morales‐Ríos Martha S. , Velasco Luis , Pérez‐Rojas Nadia A. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe electron impact (EI)‐induced fragmentations of 18 indolenines were studied using both double‐focusing and ion trap mass spectrometers. The compounds used in this study were synthesized to provide correlations of characteristic fragment ions with specific structural differences. In 2‐hydroxyindolenines the hydroxy group was involved in a major fragmentation process by interacting with the ester side chain to generate an α,β‐unsaturated γ‐lactone structure, with concomitant loss of the corresponding alcohol. In contrast, loss of an alkyl radical, derived solely from the 2‐alkoxy group, is a major primary decomposition process for 2‐alkoxyindolenines. EI‐MS analyses using sector and ion trap spectrometers resulted in similar fragmentation patterns. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser ablation generation of cluster ions from concentrated sulfuric and selenic acids
Authors: Alberti Milan , Šedo Ondrej , Havel Josef 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe generation and identification of novel homo‐ and hetero‐polyacid clusters was achieved using a standard matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometer. The formation of several singly charged species was achieved via the interaction of a laser beam with concentrated sulfuric acid, selenic acid or their mixtures, applied on a graphite microcrucible. A higher yield of the species was observed in the negative detection mode, where sulfuric acid adducts HSO · mH2SO4 (m = 0–3) and HSO · mH2SO4 · SO3 (m = 1, 2), and selenic acid adducts HSeO, HSeO · X (X = SeO3, H2SeO4, 2SeO3, H2SO4 · SeO3) and NaSeO · Y (Y = H2SeO4, H2SeO4 · SeO3, 2H2SO4, H2SeO4 · 2SeO3, 2H2SeO4 · SeO3, 3H2SeO4), were identified. In the mass spectra of the mixture of acids, besides the homo‐polyacidic adducts, eleven mixed species containing both sulfuric and selenic acid molecules or ions were identified, of which the heaviest was found to correspond to NaSeO · H2SeO4 · 3SO3. The stoichiometry of the species was confirmed using isotopic pattern modeling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a multi‐target screening analysis for 301 drugs using a QTrap liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system and automated library searching
Authors: Mueller C. A. , Weinmann W. , Dresen S. , Schreiber A. , Gergov M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA new multi‐target screening (MTS) procedure for drugs in blood and urine for toxicological analysis has been developed using a hybrid triple‐quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QTrap) for the fast detection and identification of 301 forensically important drugs, e.g. tranquilizers (benzodiazepines), hypnotics, drugs of abuse (opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabinoids), antidepressants, neuroleptics, and some cardiac drugs, in one single liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Samples were extracted either with liquid‐liquid extraction or solid‐phase extraction. A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) as survey scan and an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan as dependent scan were performed in an information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) experiment. Finally, drug identification was carried out by library search with a newly developed MS/MS library based on EPI spectra at three different collision energies in positive mode. The advantage of this newly developed method is the possibility to detect and identify 301 drugs in one single LC/MS/MS run. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of the data rate obtainable with low‐gain non‐tracking antenna applied to user terminal used for mobile communications and broadcasting services provided by quasi‐zenithal satellites
Authors: Miura A. , Tanaka M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractLink budgets between the mobile user terminal and a feeder link station (2‐m‐diameter antenna) through the quasi‐zenithal satellite system (QZSS) (7‐m‐diameter antenna for Tx, 5‐m‐diameter antenna for Rx) under the power flux density (PFD) limit were calculated for the Ka‐ and Ku‐band. The PFD limit for non‐geostationary satellites is applied for frequency sharing between QZSS and geostationary satellites. The maximum data rate in the Ka‐band was 1.7 times higher than in the Ku‐band in the forward link, while the maximum data rate at Ku‐band is nine times higher than that in the Ka‐band in the return link when the transmit power derived from the regulations of the PFD is applied. And it is more than three times higher than that in the Ka‐band when transmit power is fixed to 2W. In the forward link, maximum data rates are 149 kbps in the Ka‐band and 86 kbps in the Ku‐band when the user terminal antenna is non‐tracking (gain at the satellite direction is 7.1 dBi) and the frequency bandwidth per beam is 30 MHz. Required bandwidth per channel for a certain data rate is large, e.g. in Ka‐band, 20.9 MHz for 64 kbps, 125 MHz for 384 kbps, and 326 MHz for 1 Mbps. In the return link, the maximum data rates are 44 kbps in the Ku‐band and 13.6 kbps in the Ka‐band when the user terminal antenna gain in the satellite direction is 7.1 dBi and transmit power is 2 W. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing logical channel configurations in complex satellite architectures
Authors: Ramos Carlos L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAs a result of the increased switching complexity of many communications satellites, often transponders are available with a variety of configuration options offering flexibility in power, bandwidth, and coverage. Many of these configurations share resources that prevent them from being simultaneously active, making it a challenge to understand and manage the satellite capacity inventory. In this paper we define the logical channel configuration (LCC) as an unambiguous unit of the inventory and present a novel method of modelling the interdependencies between these LCCs using linear algebra. In particular, a projector matrix is defined which can be used to update the activation state of all LCCs when the state of one or more of these is changed. As a result, a number of valid LCC scenarios can be easily generated and evaluated for optimal use of the satellite resources. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shear stress alters the expression of myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in Schwann cells
Authors: Gupta Ranjan , Truong Linh , Bear David , Chafik Dara , Modafferi Edward , Hung Clark T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSchwann cells within a peripheral nerve respond robustly after an axonal injury. Recent results have revealed that Schwann cells undergo concurrent proliferation and apoptosis after a chronic nerve injury that is independent of axonal pathology. Although the exact nature of the stimulus that produces this Schwann cell response remains unknown, we postulated that this response may be triggered directly by mechanical stimuli. Thus, we sought to determine how pure Schwann cells responded to a sustained shear stress in the form of laminar fluid flow by evaluating for proliferation, expression of S‐100, myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG), and myelin basic protein (MBP). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the Schwann cells were positive for S‐100, MAG, and MBP in greater than 99% of the experimental cells. Stimulated cells also revealed an increased rate of proliferation by as much as 100% (p <.001). The mRNA expression of MAG and MBP was down‐regulated by 21% (p <.035) and 18% (p <.015), respectively, in experimental cells from RT‐PCR assays. Furthermore, Western blot showed a down‐regulation in MAG and MBP protein expression by 29% (p <.035) and 35% (p <.02), respectively. This study provides novel information regarding Schwann cell direct response to this physical stimulus that is not secondary to an axonal injury. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.