bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diagnostic stewardship interventions in the collection process of fungal blood cultures
Authors: Chavez Miguel A. , Munigala Satish , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Yarbrough Melanie L. , Squires Crystal , Fox Josephine , Gasama Heather , Hsueh Kevin , Warren David K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe implemented 2 interventions to improve utilization and contamination at our institution: kits to improve appropriate sample collection and an electronic order alert displaying appropriate indications of fungal blood cultures. An electronic order alert when ordering fungal blood cultures was associated with decreased utilization without decrease in positivity rate.
Reduced-order models of aeroacoustic sources for sound radiated in twin subsonic jets
Authors: Muthichur Nishanth , Vempati Chandan , Hemchandra Santosh , Samanta Arnab 
Published: October 2023

We construct reduced-order models of aeroacoustic sources for single and twin subsonic jets (

$M_j=0.9$

,

$Re=3600$

), with the goal of accurately recovering the far-field sound over a wide band of frequencies

$St=[0.07,1.0]$

and directivity angles

$\phi = [30^{\circ },120^{\circ }]$

within a subdecibel level accuracy. These models are realized via combining spatio-temporally coherent spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) modes extracted directly from Lighthill's stress tensor, itself calculated using large-eddy simulation (LES). We consider two sets of twin subsonic jets of diameter

$D$

each, with spacings of

$0.1D$

and

$1D$

, where the jets merge upstream and downstream of breakdown, respectively. The closely spaced twin jet decays the slowest due to reduced turbulent stresses which are, however, more broadband due to early merging. Such jets show strong shielding in the plane of jets, especially at shallow directivity angles where sound levels may drop below that of the single jet. The farther spaced twin jets have dynamics more akin to the constituent single jet with turbulent fluctuations peaking here at

$St=0.34$

, but showing very little shielding, with their overall sound pressure level (OASPL) mostly linked to the nature of extra flow structures created during merging. Three-dimensional, energy-ranked, coherent structures for twin jets exhibit rather poor low-rank behaviour, especially at the far-field spectral peak

$St=0.14$

. At

$St \gtrsim 0.3$

, the SPOD wavepackets show strong visual coherence, resembling Kelvin–Helmholtz instability modes upstream of breakdown, while at the lower frequencies, there is very little spatial coherence with wavepackets peaking downstream of breakdown. Although the leading SPOD modes radiate poorly, reduced-order models using a subset of them, up to

$45$

SPOD modes per frequency, show a remarkable match (within

$1$

dB) against the LES-predicted sound over

$0.1 \lesssim St \lesssim 0.5$

, at all angles investigated. At other frequencies, the closely spaced twin jet shows more error, due to its greater hierarchy of spatio-temporal structures, showing slower convergence at the shallower angles.
Coupled climate-glacier modelling of the last glaciation in the Alps
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Cohen Denis , Russo Emmanuele , Buzan Jonathan , Raible Christoph C. , Haeberli Wilfried , Kamleitner Sarah , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Imhof Michael A. , Becker Jens K. , Landgraf Angela , Fischer Urs H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur limited knowledge of the climate prevailing over Europe during former glaciations is the main obstacle to reconstruct the past evolution of the ice coverage over the Alps by numerical modelling. To address this challenge, we perform a two-step modelling approach: First, a regional climate model is used to downscale the time slice simulations of a global earth system model in high resolution, leading to climate snapshots during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4). Second, we combine these snapshots and a climate signal proxy to build a transient climate over the last glacial period and force the Parallel Ice Sheet Model to simulate the dynamical evolution of glaciers in the Alps. The results show that the extent of modelled glaciers during the LGM agrees with several independent key geological imprints, including moraine-based maximal reconstructed glacial extents, known ice transfluences and trajectories of erratic boulders of known origin and deposition. Our results highlight the benefit of multiphysical coupled climate and glacier transient modelling over simpler approaches to help reconstruct paleo glacier fluctuations in agreement with traces they have left on the landscape.
Contribution of the Roman rat lines/strains to personality neuroscience: neurobehavioral modeling of internalizing/externalizing psychopathologies
Authors: Fernández-Teruel Alberto , Cañete Toni , Sampedro-Viana Daniel , Oliveras Ignasi , Torrubia Rafael , Tobeña Adolf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Roman high-avoidance (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rat lines/strains were established in Rome through bidirectional selection of Wistar rats for rapid (RHA) or extremely poor (RLA) acquisition of a two-way active avoidance task. Relative to RHAs, RLA rats exhibit enhanced threat sensitivity, anxiety, fear and vulnerability to stress, a passive coping style and increased sensitivity to frustration. Thus, RLA rats’ phenotypic profile falls well within the “internalizing” behavior spectrum. Compared with RLAs and other rat strains/stocks, RHAs present increased impulsivity and reward sensitivity, deficits in social behavior and attentional/cognitive processes, novelty-induced hyper-locomotion and vulnerability to psychostimulant sensitization and drug addiction. Thus, RHA rats’ phenotypes are consistent with a “disinhibiting externalizing” profile. Many neurobiological/molecular traits differentiate both rat lines/strains. For example, relative to RLA rats, RHAs exhibit decreased function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and amygdala, increased functional tone of the mesolimbic dopamine system, a deficit of central metabotropic glutamate-2 (mGlu2) receptors, increased density of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors in the PFC, impairment of GABAergic transmission in the PFC, alterations of several synaptic markers and increased density of pyramidal immature dendrític spines in the PFC. These characteristics suggest an immature brain of RHA rats and are reminiscent of schizophrenia features like hypofrontality and disruption of the excitation/inhibition cortical balance. We review evidence supporting RLA rats as a valid model of anxiety/fear, stress and frustration vulnerability, whereas RHA rats represent a promising translational model of neurodevelopmental alterations related to impulsivity, schizophrenia-relevant features and comorbidity with drug addiction vulnerability.
Examining American attitudes toward vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of negative and positive rights
Authors: Koong Amanda , McDermott Rose , Kaplan Robert 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examine the likely acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in the period prior to political polarization around vaccine mandates. Two representative cross-sectional surveys of 1,000 respondents were fielded in August and December 2020. The surveys included items about the COVID-19 vaccine and vaccine mandates. Respondents self-identifying as liberal were the least likely to believe the vaccine had undisclosed harmful effects (p< .001), conservatives were the most likely (p < .001), and moderates fell in between. Individuals with a bachelor’s degree were less likely to think the vaccine had undisclosed harmful effects than individuals without a bachelor’s degree (p < .001), and 60.5% of those individuals did not support a government vaccine mandate. Political ideology was more often strongly associated with avoiding government involvement compared to education level. In summary, both liberal political ideology and higher education were significantly associated with endorsing intended vaccine uptake. We discuss these results in terms of positive versus negative rights.
Unpacking the impact of integrating the neglected tropical disease supply chain into the national supply chain system: illustrative evidence from Liberia
Authors: Kollie Karsor K. , Jenkins Jack , Theobald Sally , Nallo Gartee , Kpadeh Otis , Jones Lent , Borbor Darwosu , Phillip Maneesh , Wickenden Anna , Kollie Jewel Tarpeh , Rogers Emerson , Zaizay Zeela , Stewart Martyn , Dean Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEffective supply chain management is a critical pillar of well-functioning health systems ensuring that medical commodities reach those in need. In Liberia, the national neglected tropical disease (NTD) programme supports health systems strengthening for case management of NTDs. Integration of NTD commodities into the national health system supply chain is central to the integrated approach; however, there is minimal evidence on enablers and barriers. Drawing on qualitative evaluation data, we illustrate that perceived benefits and strengths to integrating NTD commodities into the supply chain include leveraged storage and management capacities capitalized at lower system levels; the political will to integrate based on cost-saving and capacity strengthening potential and positive progress integrating paper-based reporting tools. Challenges remain, specifically the risk of reliance on donor funding; difficulty in accessing commodities due to bureaucratic bottlenecks; lack of inclusion of NTD commodities within electronic data tools and poor coordination leading to an inability to meet demand. Collectively, the negative consequences of ineffective integration of NTD commodities into the supply chain has a detrimental impact on health workers (including community health workers) unable to deliver the quality of care to patients. Trust between affected populations and the health system is compromised when treatments are unavailable.
What if God was all of us? Why the definition of ‘God’ matters in analytic discussions of meaning in life
Authors: Singh Asheel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Contemporary analytic treatments of meaning in life in the English-speaking Anglo-American-Australasian tradition have largely proceeded from the atheistic and naturalistic assumptions common to the sciences. With the recent publication of Seachris and Goetz's God and Meaning (2016), T. J. Mawson's God and the Meanings of Life (2016), and Thaddeus Metz's God, Soul and the Meaning of Life (2019), more analytic philosophers might be drawn to (re)examining what role, if any, God might play in life's meaning. But the focus tends to be on ‘God’ as understood in the Abrahamic faiths. Examining meaning in the light of another concept of God, familiar to billions of individuals in various Eastern religions and intellectual traditions, might offer useful insights. I have two principle aims in this article. First, I describe an ancient Indian concept of ‘God’, showing how it radically differs from the concept of God currently under examination by philosophers of meaning. Second, I offer a novel case for why and how this concept of ‘God’ could fruitfully contribute to analytic discussions on God's possible role in life's meaning.
Utility of the INECO Frontal Screening and the Frontal Assessment Battery in detecting executive dysfunction in early-onset cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Heikkinen Anna-Leena , Tikkanen Veera , Hänninen Tuomo , Hublin Christer , Koivisto Anne M. , Saari Toni T. , Remes Anne M. , Paajanen Teemu I. , Krüger Johanna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) are executive dysfunction (ED) screening tools that can distinguish patients with neurodegenerative disorders from healthy controls and, to some extent, between dementia subtypes. This paper aims to examine the suitability of these tests in assessing early-onset cognitive impairment and dementia patients.Method:In a memory clinic patient cohort (age mean = 57.4 years) with symptom onset at ≤65 years, we analyzed the IFS and the FAB results of four groups: early-onset dementia (EOD, n = 49), mild cognitive impairment due to neurological causes (MCI-n, n = 34), MCI due to other causes such as depression (MCI-o, n = 99) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 14). Data were gathered at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. We also studied the tests’ accuracy in distinguishing EOD from SCD patients and ED patients from those with intact executive functioning. Correlations with neuropsychological measures were also studied.Results:The EOD group had significantly (p < .05) lower IFS and FAB total scores than the MCI-o and SCD groups. Compared with the FAB, the IFS showed more statistically significant (p < .05) differences between diagnostic groups, greater accuracy (IFS AUC = .80, FAB AUC = .75, p = .036) in detecting ED and marginally stronger correlations with neuropsychological measures. We found no statistically significant differences in the EOD group scores from baseline up to 6- or 12-months follow-up.Conclusions:While both tests can detect EOD among memory clinic patients, the IFS may be more reliable in detecting ED than the FAB.
Dietary consumption of beef and red meat: a scoping review and evidence map on cognitive outcomes across the lifespan
Authors: Paul Tristen L , Fleming Stephen A 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:Mixed evidence exists on the impact of beef consumption on cognition. The goal was to create an evidence map capturing studies assessing beef consumption and cognition to reveal gaps and opportunities in the body of literature.Design:A scoping review was conducted to locate studies up to March 2022 using PubMed and backwards citation screening. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers with conflict resolution, and a database was created and made publicly available.Setting:Intervention and observational studies.Participants:Humans of any age, sex and/or health status, without moderate to severe cognitive impairment and/or abnormalities.Results:Twenty-two studies were identified that quantified beef or red meat intake and assessed cognition. Six studies assessed beef intake, with the remaining studies describing intake of red meat that may or may not include beef. Nine articles described randomised controlled trials (RCT), mostly conducted in children. Thirteen described observational studies, primarily conducted on adults and seniors. The most common cognitive domains measured included intelligence and general cognition, and memory. The majority of controlled studies were rated with high risk of bias, with the majority of observational trials rated with serious or greater risk of bias.Conclusions:Red meat and beef intake and cognition is largely understudied. There is a significant lack of replication across study designs, populations, exposures and outcomes measured. The quality of the research would be considerably enhanced by focused assessments of beef intake (and not red meat in general) and specific cognitive domains, along with improved adherence to reporting standards.
Anthropometric nutritional status of children (0–18 years) in South Africa 1997–2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kruger Herculina Salome , Visser Marina , Malan Linda , Zandberg Lizelle , Wicks Mariaan , Ricci Cristian , Faber Mieke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjective:To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on the anthropometric nutritional status of South African infants and children, 0–18 years old and to report on trends of changes in nutritional status over the period 1997–2022.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:Review of the available literature on the anthropometric nutritional status of South African infants and children, 0–18 years old, over the period 1997–2022.Participants:South African infants and children, 0–18 years old.Results:Only quantitative data from ninety-five publications that described the nutritional status in terms of anthropometry were included. Most recent studies applied the WHO 2006 and 2007 definitions for malnutrition among children 0–5 years old and 5–19 years old, respectively. Meta-analysis of all prevalence data shows the highest stunting prevalence of 25·1 % among infants and preschool children, compared to 11·3 % among primary school-age children and 9·6 % among adolescents. Furthermore, the overweight and obesity prevalence was similar among children younger than 6 years and adolescents (19 %), compared to 12·5 % among primary school-age children. In national surveys, adolescent overweight prevalence increased from 16·9 % in 2002 to 23·1 % in 2011. Meta-regression analysis shows a decrease in stunting among children 6–18 years old and an increase in combined overweight and obesity in the 10–19 years age group.Conclusion:The double burden of malnutrition remains evident in South Africa with stunting and overweight/obesity the most prevalent forms of malnutrition among children.
Comparing CMIP6 Climate Model Simulations of Annual Global Mean Temperatures to a New Combined Data Product
Authors: Craigmile Peter F. , Guttorp Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA new statistical approach to validating climate models is introduced. First, five observational estimates of global mean surface temperature with estimated standard errors are combined into one data product, latent observed annual global temperature anomalies for the years 1880–2014, using a Bayesian hierarchical statistical approach. Summarizing these observed anomalies, estimates of smooth trend, levels of warming, and residual dependence as summarized by the spectral density function, are provided with simultaneous 95% credible bands. Then, corresponding estimates of smooth trend, levels of warming, and residual dependence are produced for sixth Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) historical simulations analyzed at the annual global temperature anomaly scale, and compared to these bands. Among our results, we find that 93 out of the 318 CMIP6 historical model runs contain trends fitting inside the simultaneous bands for the smooth trend constructed from the data products, and for residual temporal dependence 69 out of 318 model runs contain spectral density functions that are within the corresponding data‐product‐based‐bands. We estimate the mean global temperature increase from 1995–2014 relative to 1880–1899, from the data product, to be 0.896°C with a 95% credible interval of between 0.877 and 0.915. We find that 14 CMIP6 model runs agree with this interval, 197 model runs lead to a smaller temperature increase globally, and 107 model runs lead to a larger temperature increase.
Periodic Variation of Mesoscale Ultraviolet Contrast at the Cloud Top of Venus
Authors: Suda Tomoya , Imamura Takeshi , Lee Yeon Joo , Yamazaki Atsushi , Satoh Takehiko , Sato Takao M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImages of Venusian clouds taken at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths frequently exhibit mesoscale cellular structures at low latitudes. To obtain clues regarding the origin of these structures, we studied the temporal variation of the mesoscale UV contrast using 283‐ and 365‐nm images taken by the ultraviolet imager (UVI) onboard the Akatsuki spacecraft. The 283‐nm channel is mostly affected by SO2 at the cloud top and the 365‐nm channel is mostly affected by an unknown absorber, though both absorbers are thought to influence both wavelengths. We defined the mesoscale as a spatial scale roughly below 1,000 km, where the effect of large‐scale streaky patterns is not significant according to the spatial spectra of 283‐nm images taken by UVI and 2.02‐μm images taken by the near‐infrared camera (IR2) onboard Akatsuki. We found that the temporal variation of the standard deviation of the mesoscale UV contrast is dominated by quasi‐periodic oscillations with amplitudes of 30%–50% relative to the mean value and periods of around 4–5 Earth days. Oscillations of the planetary‐scale UV contrast with similar periods were also observed, suggesting that the mesoscale structures are influenced by planetary‐scale waves. The mesoscale contrast tends to be enhanced when the background albedo decreases in the course of the propagation of planetary‐scale waves. This correlation suggests that the solar heating near the cloud top level feeds the mesoscale dynamics. An enhancement of the mesoscale contrast in the afternoon was seen at a wavelength of 365 nm.
Uncertainty Quantification for Machine Learning‐Based Ionosphere and Space Weather Forecasting: Ensemble, Bayesian Neural Network, and Quantile Gradient Boosting
Authors: Natras Randa , Soja Benedikt , Schmidt Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has been increasingly applied to space weather and ionosphere problems in recent years, with the goal of improving modeling and forecasting capabilities through a data‐driven modeling approach of nonlinear relationships. However, little work has been done to quantify the uncertainty of the results, lacking an indication of how confident and reliable the results of an ML system are. In this paper, we implement and analyze several uncertainty quantification approaches for an ML‐based model to forecast Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) 1‐day ahead and corresponding uncertainties with 95% confidence intervals (CI): (a) Super‐Ensemble of ML‐based VTEC models (SE), (b) Gradient Tree Boosting with quantile loss function (Quantile Gradient Boosting, QGB), (c) Bayesian neural network (BNN), and (d) BNN including data uncertainty (BNN + D). Techniques that consider only model parameter uncertainties (a and c) predict narrow CI and over‐optimistic results, whereas accounting for both model parameter and data uncertainties with the BNN + D approach leads to a wider CI and the most realistic uncertainties quantification of VTEC forecast. However, the BNN + D approach suffers from a high computational burden, while the QGB approach is the most computationally efficient solution with slightly less realistic uncertainties. The QGB CI are determined to a large extent from space weather indices, as revealed by the feature analysis. They exhibit variations related to daytime/nightime, solar irradiance, geomagnetic activity, and post‐sunset low‐latitude ionosphere enhancement.
Intravenous administration of BCG in mice promotes natural killer and T cell-mediated antitumor immunity in the lung
Authors: Moreo Eduardo , Jarit-Cabanillas Aitor , Robles-Vera Iñaki , Uranga Santiago , Guerrero Claudia , Gómez Ana Belén , Mata-Martínez Pablo , Minute Luna , Araujo-Voces Miguel , Felgueres María José , Esteso Gloria , Uranga-Murillo Iratxe , Arias Maykel , Pardo Julián , Martín Carlos , Valés-Gómez Mar , del Fresno Carlos , Sancho David , Aguiló Nacho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was one of the first FDA-approved immunotherapies and remains a standard treatment for bladder cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that intravenous (IV) administration of BCG is well-tolerated and effective in preventing tuberculosis infection in animals. Here, we examine IV BCG in several preclinical lung tumor models. Our findings demonstrate that BCG inoculation reduced tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival in models of lung melanoma metastasis and orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, IV BCG treatment was well-tolerated with no apparent signs of acute toxicity. Mechanistically, IV BCG induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses, which were dependent on type 1 conventional dendritic cells, as well as NK cell-mediated immunity. Lastly, we also show that IV BCG has an additive effect on anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor treatment in mouse lung tumors that are otherwise resistant to anti-PD-L1 as monotherapy. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential of systemic IV BCG administration in the treatment of lung tumors, highlighting its ability to enhance immune responses and augment immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.