bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Eugenics in Otorhinolaryngology: Ernst Rüdin and the International Eugenics Network
Authors: Suwa Beato 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction The early geneticist and psychiatrist Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952) became one of the key figures in the eugenics movement and in the German health system of the Nazi era. His connections in the international eugenics network have played an important role in the history of eugenics.
Objective To discuss the connections between Ernst Rüdin's scientific group in Munich and Otmar von Verschuer's group in Frankfurt during the Nazi era.
Methods Otorhinolaryngological materials from Ernst Rüdin's former private library are presented, and they show Rüdin's deep involvement in the international eugenics network. These materials provide insights into early medical genetics in otorhinolaryngology.
Results One result of the present study is that eugenics groups from Munich, Frankfurt, and New York certainly influenced one another in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Karlheinz Idelberger and Josef Mengele were two scientists who performed hereditary research on orofacial clefts. Later, Mengele became deeply involved in Nazi medical crimes. His former work on orofacial clefts clearly had, to some extent, an influence on subsequent studies.
Conclusion An international eugenics network already existed before 1933. However, it becomes clear that the weaknesses of many early genetic studies did not enable its authors to draw firm scientific conclusions, suggesting that scientists lacked an accurate concept of the genetic causes of most illnesses.
Types of Epiglottic Collapse in Breathing Sleep Disorder and Their Impact in Clinical Practice
Authors: Rachmawati Elvie Zulka Kautzia , Tamin Susyana , Fardizza Fauziah , Yunizaf Rahmanofa , Putranto Fikri Mirza , Rizki Niken Ageng , Wardani Retno S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved.
Objectives To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC.
Methods A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE. An independent t-test was performed to evaluate risk factors, including the involvement of three other airway structures.
Results Most EC patients exhibited trap door epiglottic collapse (TDEC) (56.8%) or pushed epiglottic collapse (PEC) (29.7%). Lingual tonsil hypertrophy, RFS, and respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) were associated with epiglottic subtypes. Laryngopharyngeal reflux patients confirmed by RFS (t(25) = −1.32, p = 0.197) tended to suffer PEC; LTH was significantly associated (X2(1) = 2.5, p = 0.012) with PEC (odds ratio [OR] value = 44) in grades II and III LTH patients; 11 of 16 TDEC patients had grade I LTH. Pushed epiglottic collapse was more prevalent among multilevel airway obstruction patients. A single additional collapse site was found only in TDEC patients.
Conclusion Laryngopharyngeal reflux causes repetitive acid stress toward lingual tonsils causing LTH, resulting in PEC with grade II or III LTH. Trap door epiglottic collapse requires one additional structural collapse, while at least two additional collapse sites were necessary to develop PEC. Respiratory effort-related arousal values may indicate EC.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Persian Version of the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory
Authors: Sharifi Fardin , Qoreishi Zahra Sadat , Bakhtiyari Jalal , Ebadi Abbas , Houshyari Mohammad , Azghandi Samira 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction Dysphagia is a common issue in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and is known to negatively impact their quality of life. To evaluate the impact of dysphagia on the quality of life of HNC patients, the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) questionnaire was developed.
Objective The present study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the MDADI for Persian-speaking individuals. The MDADI is a self-administered questionnaire designed to assess the impact of dysphagia on the quality of life of HNC patients.
Methods The original MDADI questionnaire was translated into Persian using the forward-backward method, following the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) for cultural adaptation. The content validity of the Persian version, MDADI-P, was assessed by 10 speech-language pathologists using the content validity index (CVI). Seventy-five HNC patients completed the MDADI-P to evaluate its convergent validity, which was determined by comparing the results with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach α coefficient and intraclass correlation (ICC), respectively.
Results The scale content validity index (S-CVI) for the MDADI-P was 0.90, indicating good content validity. The MDADI-P demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach α coefficient = 0.728) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91). The total MDADI-P score exhibited a significant correlation with the physical and mental components of the SF-36 (0.456 and 0.349, respectively, p < 0.05).
Conclusion The findings of the present study confirm the suitability of the MDADI-P in terms of content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.
Brief Psychoeducational and Cognitive Therapy for Nightmare Disorder (BPCT-ND)
Authors: Álvarez-García Horacio Balam , Jiménez-Correa Ulises 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn adults, nightmare disorder is related to sleep deprivation, drug consumption or abuse, or other comorbid sleep disorders such as insomnia or insufficient sleep syndrome. Behavioral treatment has solid scientific evidence in disorders such as insomnia and, more recently, parasomnias. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of a Brief Behavioral Telemedicine Therapy in Nightmare Disorder in a 23-year-old female patient. The procedure consisted of the case study, with pre and posttreatment measures as well as follow-up after 1 month; and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale, and a sleep diary were applied. In parallel with changes recorded in the sleep diary, a decrease in nightmares, sleepiness, and insomnia symptoms was observed when the intervention was finished. The behavioral intervention was clinically effective; therefore, the present case report provides information on behavioral treatments for nightmare disorder.
Primary Arthroscopy-Assisted Foveal Repair of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Associated with Acute Distal Radius Fractures in Young Adults
Authors: Park Jinsik , Gil Young-Woon , Lee Young Seok , Lee Chang-Hun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background In distal radius fractures (DRFs) occurring in nonosteoporotic age groups, it is known that triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries are frequently combined, with some experiencing persistent symptomatic instability. However, a gold standard treatment for these associated lesions has not yet been established.
Purpose Our purpose was to investigate the outcomes of primary arthroscopy-assisted transosseous foveal repair of the TFCC associated with DRFs in young adults.
Methods Fifteen patients aged <65 years who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for DRF and arthroscopy-assisted repair for foveal tear of the TFCC were included. Those patients were observed to have complete peripheral TFCC tear on preoperative wrist magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability tests. This was confirmed with an arthroscopic examination. The transosseous technique was used to repair the TFCC after firm fixation of the DRF. The patients were immobilized with the long-arm splint in a neutral position for 2 weeks postoperatively and a removable short-arm splint was applied for another 2 weeks. DRUJ stability, grip strength, and patient-reported outcomes, including disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores, were evaluated as primary outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.
Results All patients showed a stable DRUJ throughout the follow-up period. The average grip strength ratio compared to the unaffected side was 69, 83, and 90% at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The mean DASH score was 26.9, 18.4, and 6.7 at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively.
Conclusion Primary arthroscopy-assisted transosseous foveal repair of the TFCC with internal fixation of the distal radius resulted in early recovery and good clinical outcomes in young patients.
Level of evidence Therapeutic, level IV.
Study of electrical and dielectric properties as an effect of nanoparticle concentration and UV irradiation of PVA-Ag nanocomposites
Authors: Nain Aditi , Dhanda Ekta , Chahal Rishi Pal , Dahiya Sanjay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
PVA incorporated with different concentrations of silver nanostructures were prepared using chemical reduction technique and these prepared nanocomposites were exposed to UV irradiation for 2, 3 and 4 h. Fundamental aim is to investigate tailoring of conductivity and dielectric parameters due to changes of concentration of nanoparticles and irradiation time. XRD was done to study structural characterization. FE-SEM and EDX were employed for structural and morphological analysis of nanocomposites. AC conductivity was observed to increase and values of dielectric constant were noticed to decrease whereas dielectric loss was observed to show increment with increasing concentration of nanostructures and UV exposure.
A relook at the GZK neutrino-photon connection: impact of extra-galactic radio background & UHECR properties
Authors: Chakraborty Sovan , Mehta Poonam , Sarmah Prantik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) beyond the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the universe at extreme energies. Secondary GZK photons and GZK neutrinos associated with the same interaction are indeed interconnected and render access to multi-messenger analysis of UHECRs. The GZK photon flux is heavily attenuated due to the interaction with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Extra-galactic Radio Background (ERB). The present estimate of the ERB comprising of several model uncertainties together with the ARCADE2 radio results in large propagation uncertainties in the GZK photon flux. On the other hand, the weakly interacting GZK neutrino flux is unaffected by these propagation effects. In this work, we make an updated estimate of the GZK photon and GZK neutrino fluxes considering a wide variation of both the production and propagation properties of the UHECR like, the spectral index, the cut-off energy of the primary spectrum, the distribution of sources and the uncertainties in the ERB estimation.
We explore the detection prospects of the GZK fluxes with various present and upcoming UHECR and UHE neutrino detectors such as Auger, TA, GRAND, ANITA, ARA, IceCube and IceCube-Gen2.
The predicted fluxes are found to be beyond the reach of the current detectors.
In future, proposed IceCube-Gen2, Auger upgrade and GRAND experiments will have the sensitivity to the predicted GZK photon and GZK neutrino fluxes. Such detection can put constraints on the UHECR source properties and the propagation effects due to the ERB. We also propose an indirect limit on the GZK photon flux using the neutrino-photon connection for any future detection of GZK neutrinos by the IceCube-Gen2 detector. We find this limit to be consistent with our GZK flux predictions.
Shadows of loop quantum black holes: semi-analytical simulations of loop quantum gravity effects on Sagittarius A* and M87*
Authors: Jiang Hong-Xuan , Liu Cheng , Dihingia Indu K. , Mizuno Yosuke , Xu Haiguang , Zhu Tao , Wu Qiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, we delve into the observational implications of rotating Loop Quantum Black Holes (LQBHs) within an astrophysical framework. We employ semi-analytical General Relativistic Radiative Transfer (GRRT) computations to study the emission from the accretion flow around LQBHs. Our findings indicate that the increase of Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) effects results in an enlargement of the rings from LQBHs, thereby causing a more circular polarization pattern in the shadow images.
We make comparisons with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A* and M87*, which enable us to determine an upper limit for the polymetric function P in LQG. The upper limit for Sgr A* is 0.2, while for M87* it is 0.07. Both black holes exhibit a preference for a relatively high spin (a ≳ 0.5 for Sgr A* and 0.5 ≲ a ≲ 0.7 for M87*). The constraints for Sgr A* are based on black hole spin and ring diameter, whereas for M87*, the constraints are further tightened by the polarimetric pattern. In essence, our simulations provide observational constraints on the effect of LQG in supermassive black holes (SMBH), providing the most consistent comparison with observation.
Isotope effects on transport characteristics of edge and core plasmas heated by neutral beam injection (NBI) in an inward shifted configuration at the Large Helical Device
Authors: Zhou H. , Xu Y. , Kobayashi M. , Shimizu A. , Seki R. , Tanaka K. , Tokuzawa T. , Yoshinuma M. , Takemura Y. , Takahashi H. , Ogawa K. , Cheng J. , Li W. , Wu D.N. , Zhu Y.J. , Luo Y. , Li Y.C. , Huang J. , Wang X.Q. , Liu H.F. , Liu H. , Zhang X. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Isotope effects have been investigated in Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) heated plasmas on the Large Helical Device with similar operational parameters between Hydrogen (H) and Deuterium (D) plasmas. Experimental results show that the global energy confinement has no significant dependence on the isotope mass under similar discharge conditions with nearly the same heating power, line-averaged density (

n
ˉ

e

) and magnetic field. For both electron and ion energy transport, the transport coefficients, which are obtained based on local power balance analysis, have analogous profiles between H and D dominant plasmas. For neoclassical

χ
e

and

χ
i

values, they are almost equal between H and D dominant plasmas in low

n
ˉ

e

discharges, whereas in high

n
ˉ

e

cases they are lower in H plasmas than those in D ones. At low

n
ˉ

e

, the electron and ion thermal transport in both H and D plasmas are dominated by neoclassical transport at a certain zone (

ρ
≈
0.6
−
0.85

), while the anomalous transport process has primary effects in the remaining area, and the density fluctuations exhibit ion temperature gradient mode nature. With increase of

n
ˉ

e

, the anomalous transport becomes prevailing and the density fluctuations propagate along electron diamagnetic drift direction. Bispectral analysis reveals that the H plasma has stronger nonlinear coupling in edge density fluctuations in both low and high density discharges, which is probably due to that the D plasma has stronger damping rate for the nonlinear interaction of turbulence. For a comparative study, the present results have been compared with those observed in the ECRH discharges (Tanaka et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 126040). The reasons for the similarities and dissimilarities between these two different heating manners are not clear yet. To unravel the underlying physics, essential inputs from theories and simulations are required.
First results of running the LHC with lead ions at a beam energy of 6.8 Z TeV
Authors: Bruce R. , Alemany Fernandez R. , Argyropoulos T. , Bartosik H. , Bracco C. , Cai R. , D’Andrea M. , Frasca A. , Hermes P. , Jowett J.M. , Mirarchi D. , Redaelli S. , Solfaroli M. , Triantafyllou N. , Wenninger J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A two-day test of operation with Pb ion beams was carried out in the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2022, with the aim of gaining experience in view of the future high luminosity heavy-ion physics runs from 2023 onwards. The LHC experiments received the first Pb-Pb collisions at a record energy of 5.36 TeV centre-of-mass energy per colliding nucleon pair (beam energy 6.8 Z TeV). Bunch trains created with a new production scheme in the injectors, including slip-stacking, were injected into the LHC, with the collimation of nuclear beams with bent crystals tested along with a new collimation scheme for collision products. This paper describes the conditions and outcomes of these tests, which are critical steps in the upgrade to higher luminosity.
Definition of tolerances and corrector strengths for the orbit control of the High-Energy Booster ring of the future electron-positron collider
Authors: Dalena B. , Da Silva T. , Chancé A. , Ghribi A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC, particle physics community is exploring and proposing next accelerators, to address the remaining open questions on the underlying mechanisms and constituents of the present universe. One of the studied possibilities is FCC (Future Circular Collider), a 100-km-long collider at CERN [1]. The feasibility study of this future proposed accelerator implies the definition of tolerances on magnets imperfections and of the strategies of correction in order to guarantee the target performances of the High Energy Booster ring. The efficiency of the correction scheme, used to control the orbit, directly bounds the corrector needs and magnet tolerances. Analytic formulae give a first estimation of the average RMS values of the required dipole correctors’ strengths and of the allowed magnets misalignments and field quality along the entire ring. The distribution of the correctors along the ring is simulated, in order to verify the quality of the residual orbit after the proposed correction strategy and to compare it with the analytical predictions. First specifications of the orbit correctors strength and tolerances for the alignment of the main elements of the ring are presented. The limits of the studied correction scheme and method are also discussed.
Preliminary design of the FCC-ee vacuum chamber absorbers
Authors: Morrone M. , Garion C. , Kersevan R. , Rorison S. , Chiggiato P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the FCC-ee study, it is proposed that electron and positron beams circulate at high current and high energy in a 92-km circumference twin ring. The present operational scenario foresees a first running step at an energy of 45.6 GeV and around 1.4 A current, which would generate copious amounts of synchrotron radiation (SR) power and flux. To guarantee a quick decrease of the photon desorption yields and so a fast vacuum conditioning, it has been proposed to use localized SR absorbers along the vacuum chamber, spaced about 5 m apart. This would also help contain the high-energy Compton-scattered secondaries once the beam energy is increased up to 182.5 GeV, later in the experimental program. In the preliminary design of FCC-ee vacuum chamber absorbers presented in this work, the SR thermal power is intercepted along around 100 mm of slanted surface. The temperature distribution in the adsorbers is estimated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and needs to be assessed to avoid any liquid-gas phase change within the water-cooling circuit. The cooling channels contain a twisted tape that increases the turbulence of water. This results in the desired heat transfer coefficient. The mechanical deformations due to the non-uniform temperature map are presented and analysed as well.
The ESS𝜈SB+ Project
Authors: Tolba T , Baussan E , Dracos M , Kliček B , Ekelöf T , Olvegård M , Gazis N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam (ESS𝜈SB) is a long-baseline neutrino project that will measure the CP-violation in the leptonic sector at the second, rather than the first, oscillation maximum, where the sensitivity of the experiment is ∼3 times higher. The physics simulations have shown that the ESS𝜈SB, after 10 years of data taking, will be able to cover more than 70% of the CP-violating phase, δCP
, parameterrange with 5 σ C.L. to reject the no-CP-violation hypothesis. The expected measurement error of δCP
is smaller than 8° for all δCP
values, making it the most precise proposed experiment in the field by a large margin. The extension project, ESS𝜈SB+ to be performed between 2023 and 2026, aims in measuring the neutrino-nucleus cross-section (the dominant term of the systematic uncertainty) in the energy range of 0.2 – 0.6 GeV, using a Low Energy nuSTORM (LEnuSTORM) and a Low Energy Monitored Neutrino Beam (LEMNB) facilities.
Magnetic Design of the Commutational Magnet and Quadrupoles for PERLE Accelerator
Authors: Abukeshek R. , Abualrob H. , Stocchi A. , Perrot L. , Fomin A. , Michaud J. , Bogacz A. , Benesch J. , Jacquot B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
PERLE (Powerful Energy Recovery LINAC for Experiment) is a three turns high-power Energy Recovery LINAC (ERL) facility with 20 mA beam current and beam energy from 250 MeV to 500 MeV. It is a testbed to validate multi-turn high current ERL operation for the future LHeC and will be the first ERL for nuclear applications. In this work, the design and optimization of the commutational magnet (B-com) used to spread/combine the three beams and one series of quadrupole magnets is discussed. The B-com magnet is optimized for a 30° bending angle with harmonic content of 0.036%. The quadrupole magnets generate a field gradient of 34.15 T/m. Further studies to suppress saturation at a maximum gradient of 44.1 T/m are undergoing.
Design of A Permanent Quadrupole Magnet with Adjustable Magnetic Field Gradient
Authors: Dong S. X. , Li B. , Zhang B. S. , Wang X. Q. , Feng G. Y. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As compared to traditional magnets, permanent magnets can effectively reduce energy consumption and eliminate the impact of current ripple and the water cooling system on beam current. The use of permanent magnets in accelerators has become a new trend as permanent magnet technology has advanced. In HALF (Hefei Advanced Light Facility), we have designed a permanent magnet based on the quadrupole magnet, and the central magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet can be adjusted, indicating that single or multiple permanent magnets can be developed to replace different sizes of quadrupole magnets in accelerators, greatly improving systematization. The magnet’s mechanical design has been finalized, and the prototype of the permanent magnet will be manufactured and tested soon.
Booster conceptual design of the southern advance photon source
Authors: Huang L. , Chen J. , Han Y. , Liu W. , Liu X. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Southern Advanced Photon Source is a proposed diffraction-limited storage ring operating at middle energy. A candidate injector includes a low energy Linac and a full energy booster. In the paper, we present the concept design of the booster, which is a high intensity synchrotron accelerator. An impedance model has been obtained and the instability threshold has been predicted.