bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Geographic Information Systems in climatology and meteorology: COST 719
Authors: Dyras Izabela , Dobesch Hartwig , Grueter Estelle , Perdigao Antonio , Tveito Ole E. , Thornes John E. , Wel Frans van der , Bottai Lorenzo 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe COST Action 719 started in 2001 and presently 20 European countries are participating. The main objectives of the Action are to establish interfaces between GIS and meteorological data, assess the availability, contents and accessibility of meteorological and climatological data sets and encourage and foster European co‐operation.The tasks are carried out within three working groups concentrated on issues such as data access and availability, methods of spatial interpolation and developing recommendations for standardised GIS applications.The applications that have been adopted mainly focus on three parameters, i.e. precipitation, temperature and energy balance for which three demonstration projects have been formulated.It is expected that the Action will result in recommendations for better and more cost‐effective production of state‐of‐the‐art meteorological and climatological information. Also an improvement of the co‐operation between European countries in the application of GIS in the field of meteorology, climatology and environmental sciences should be achieved together with better‐trained personnel within the operational and scientific divisions of national meteorological services.Additionally, the development of a visualisation system for climate data sets for internet applications is under preparation. This paper provides information concerning the work in progress on the demonstration projects made within COST 719. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Spermiogenesis in the cestode Corallobothrium solidum Fritsch, 1886 (Proteocephalidea: Corallobothriinae)
Authors: Bruňanská M. , Scholz T. , Ibraheem M. H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSpermiogenesis of Corallobothrium solidum Fritsch 1886, has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The zone of differentiation contains the two centrioles, each with one thin root, being orientated in the same plane only when a single intercentriolar body (ICB) appears between them. A median cytoplasmic process (MCP) develops distally to the two flagella, which are of unequal length, get longer and rotate towards the MCP. The nucleus penetrates into the spermatid body after the fusion of both flagella with the MCP has started. Flagellar roots occur occasionally in some spermatids. New for the Eucestoda are the following findings: 1. cortical microtubules (CMs) are arranged in two short parallel rows in one‐axoneme region of some spermatids; 2. the crested body of spermatid consists either of electron‐dense tubular elements and interposes itself between CMs, or it is rather homogeneous and situated more peripherally above one continuous semicircle of CMs. The present results support previous data that the type of spermiogenesis in proteocephalideans resembles mostly that observed in tetraphyllideans (Onchobothriidae and Phyllobothriidae), thus supporting the view of a close phylogenetic relationship of tetraphyllidean and proteocephalidean cestodes.
Increase in the frequency of K‐ras codon 12 point mutation in colorectal carcinoma in elderly males in Japan: The 1990s compared with the 1960s
Authors: Kinoshita Hirokatsu , Yanagisawa Akio , Watanabe Toshiaki , Nagawa Hirokazu , Oya Masatoshi , Kato Yo , Muto Tetsuichiro 
Published: April 2005

The incidence of colorectal carcinomas has been increasing over the last 50 years in Japan. In order to determine whether adenoma‐carcinoma sequence (ACS) or de novo cancer development, generally considered to be two separate genetic pathways, might be responsible, K‐ras codon 12 mutations, good markers for ACS, were examined in 59 and 84 cases of advanced colorectal cancer surgically resected in Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research in 1960–1969 and in 1990–1999, respectively. There was no significant difference of K‐ras codon 12 mutation between the 25.4% (15/59) in the 1960s and 36.9% (31/84) in the 1990s (P = 0.148), and the reference of distal colon cancer also showed no significant difference between 24.4% (11/45) and 36.4% (20/55). Yet elderly males showed a significant difference: 27.3% (6/22) in the 1960s and 59.3% (16/27) in the 1990s. The references of males, elderly patients (over 75 years old) and distal colon cancer in the 1990s were significantly more likely to demonstrate mutations than their counterparts in the 1960s. There was no variation with the tumor location. The results suggest that the ACS pathway might have primarily contributed to the increased incidence of colorectal cancer in elderly males in Japan. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 218 –220)
StAR and progesterone producing enzymes (3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cholesterol side‐chain cleavage cytochromes P450) in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma: Immunohistochemical and real‐time PCR studies
Authors: Abd‐Elaziz Manar , Moriya Takuya , Akahira Jun‐ichi , Suzuki Takashi , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: April 2005

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3 beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (3β‐HSD) are all involved in the transport of cholesterol and production of progesterone. In situ production of sex steroids including progesterone have been considered to play important roles in pathogenesis and/or development of common epithelial ovarian carcinomas. In this study, StAR, P450scc, and 3β‐HSD were immunolocalized in 100 cases of ovarian carcinoma and results were then correlated with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters of individual patients including status of progesterone receptor (PR) in tumor cells. Results of immunohistochemistry were further characterized by real‐time PCR analysis in 20 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in which frozen tissues were available for examination. StAR, P450scc, and 3β‐HSD immunoreactivity was detected predominately in the cytoplasm of carcinoma cells. Results of real‐time PCR analysis were correlated with those of immunohistochemical studies. StAR, P450scc, and 3β‐HSD H scores demonstrated significant inversed statistical correlation with FIGO stage, residual size of the tumor, and Ki67 LI. A positive statistically significant correlation was detected between StAR H score and PR‐B LI. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that the status of intratumoral StAR, FIGO stage, and residual tumor size all turned out to be independent prognostic factors for the clinical outcome of the patient. The presence of StAR, a cholesterol transporter for steroidogenesis in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma, may reflect the ability of these tumors to produce progesterone in situ that could influence biological behavior of these tumors, especially through progesterone dependent inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 232 –239)
Identifying and assessing cases of child neglect: learning from the Irish experience
Authors: Horwath Jan 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTAlthough child neglect is arguably the most prevalent form of maltreatment in the western world, studies of social work practice in cases of child neglect are limited. This paper seeks to add to the body of knowledge by describing a small‐scale study completed in the Republic of Ireland of social work assessments in cases of child neglect. The findings are based primarily on an analysis of case files, but reference is also made to practitioners’ and managers’ responses to a postal questionnaire and focus groups. The study findings highlight that social workers interpret the assessment task and process in different ways. Variations in the interpretation of the task appear to be influenced by workload pressures, resources and local systems, with teams focusing either on immediate safeguarding issues or on both safeguarding and the longer‐term welfare of the child. Individual variations amongst workers irrespective of team were more apparent in the way practitioners approached the assessment task. For example, practice varied regarding which professionals and family members were contacted as part of the assessment, the type of communication workers had with children and carers, and the use the social workers made of information on case files. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the team in determining the focus of assessments and the subjective factors which impact on the way the individual social worker works with children, families and other professionals.
Nurses’, midwives’ and patients’ perceptions of trained health care assistants
Authors: Keeney Sinead , Hasson Felicity , McKenna Hugh , Gillen Patricia 
Published: April 2005

Aim.  This paper reports on part of a larger study and outlines Registered Nurses’ and Midwives’ perceptions of, and satisfaction with, trained health care assistants in a regional hospital setting in the Republic of Ireland.Background.  An increased reliance upon health care assistants in the clinical setting has highlighted the need to consider how staff and patients perceive the health care assistant role.Findings.  Nurses were satisfied with the work undertaken by trained health care assistants and considered that they contributed positively to patient care and supported nurses/midwives by undertaking non‐professional duties. However, maternity clients reported that health care assistants were mostly giving direct care, and their availability was perceived to be better than that of qualified staff. Some nurses/midwives were reluctant to assume responsibility for delegation of direct care duties to health care assistants.Conclusion.  The employment of health care assistants yields positive outcomes for staff and female clients but consideration must be given to role clarity. Further research into how qualified staff perceive health care assistants is important as such perceptions influence delegation, integration, role development and acceptance of health care assistants.
Sex Differences in Fos Protein Expression in the Neonatal Rat Brain
Authors: Olesen K. M. , Auger A. P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSex differences in the brain and behaviour are mostly a result of transient increases in testosterone during the perinatal period. Testosterone influences brain development primarily through aromatization to oestradiol and subsequent binding to oestrogen receptors. Although some studies report that steroid hormones regulate the expression of the inducible transcription factor, Fos, in developing brain, it is not known if there is a sex difference in Fos expression. Changes in Fos protein can be used as an indicator of neuronal/genomic activity. Thus, it provides a useful tool to identify brain regions responding directly or indirectly to steroid hormones. In a first experiment, we examined Fos protein expression in the developing male and female rat brain using western immunoblotting. Dissections were taken from male and female rat pups on the day of birth (postnatal day 0; PN 0), PN1, PN5, PN11 or PN20. Although there was no difference on PN 0, males expressed significantly greater levels of Fos protein on PN1, PN5 and PN20. In a second experiment, we localized the sex difference in Fos protein expression using immunocytochemistry. We found that males expressed significantly higher levels of Fos within a variety of brain regions. These data indicate a sex difference in Fos protein expression during brain development, suggesting a potential role for Fos in differentiating male from female rat brain.
Pre‐collisional high pressure metamorphism and nappe tectonics at active continental margins: a numerical simulation
Authors: Stöckhert Bernhard , Gerya Taras V. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe evolution of a subduction channel and orogenic wedge is simulated in 2D for an active continental margin, with P‐T paths being displayed for selected markers. In our simulation, subduction erosion affects the active margin and a structural pattern develops within a few tens of millions of years, with four zones from the trench into the forearc: (i) an accretionary complex of low grade metamorphic sedimentary material, (ii) a wedge of nappes with alternating upper and lower crustal provenance, and minor interleaving of oceanic or hydrated mantle material, (iii) a megascale melange composed of high pressure (HP) and ultra‐high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks extruded from the subduction channel, and (iv) the upward tilted frontal part of the remaining lid. The P–T paths and time scales correspond to those typically recorded in orogenic belts. The simulation shows that HP/UHP metamorphism of continental crust does not necessarily indicate collision, but that the material can be derived from the active margin by subduction erosion and extruded from the subduction channel beneath the forearc during ongoing subduction.
New record of Bathonian–Callovian calcareous nannofossils in the eastern Karakoram block: a possible clue to understanding the dextral offset along the Karakoram Fault
Authors: Upadhyay Rajeev , Rai Jyotsana , Sinha Anshu K 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe report the first record of Bathonian–Callovian calcareous nannofossils from a marine sedimentary sequence of the eastern Karakoram block, in northern India. The calcareous mudstones and packstones, occasionally bearing red chert nodules, yielded calcareous nanofossils and Middle Jurassic Choffatia furcula ammonoids. Middle to Upper Jurassic nannofossil assemblage is dominated by representatives of the genus Watznaueria. The occurrence of Ansulasphaera helvetica whose range is Upper Bathonian–Upper Callovian, indicates a correlation with nannofossil zones NJ12–13. The occurrence of Cyclagelosphaera wiedmannii further infer an Upper Bathonian–Callovian age. These specimens show affinities with those found in a similar sedimentary formation exposed in north Karakoram. This suggests the existence of a narrow and elongated sedimentary basin, oriented in a NW–SE direction, at a latitude of c. 25°–30°N. At that time, the Karakoram block was situated near the already welded Qiangtang block of Asia. The northern and eastern Karakoram blocks were connected during Middle Jurassic. The activity and dextral offset of the Karakoram fault separated the Jurassic sedimentary formations of the northern and eastern Karakoram blocks by c. 150 km.
Functional and compositional comparison of two activated sludge communities remediating coking effluent
Authors: Manefield Mike , Griffiths Robert I. , Leigh Mary Beth , Fisher Ray , Whiteley Andrew S. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryThe success of engineered microbiological systems is evident in the global application of activated sludge communities to remediate coking effluent. However, there is a lack of understanding of the microbiology underlying treatment efficiency and stability. In this study, two functionally distinct activated sludge pools, treating the same effluent and operating under the same conditions, were examined to establish a relationship between overall diversity and/or functional diversity with respect to process stability. Molecular profiling, sequencing and RNA‐based stable isotope probing were used to examine the bacterial diversity, general composition and functional composition of the most abundant members of the two communities. The inferior process stability in one of the pools could not be explained by reduced total bacterial diversity or evenness. RNA‐based stable isotope probing revealed that both pools harboured an abundant phenol‐degrading Acidovorax species, and that the pool of inferior stability accommodated an additional closely related phenol‐degrading Acidovorax species at high abundance. These results are discussed in the context of deterministic and stochastic models of microbial community assembly.
Retrieval of nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences from environmental DNA following 16S rRNA‐based community fingerprinting
Authors: Höfle Manfred G. , Flavier Sébastien , Christen Richard , Bötel Julia , Labrenz Matthias , Brettar Ingrid 
Published: April 2005

Summary16S rRNA‐based fingerprinting techniques allow rapid analyses of overall bacterial community structure but suffer from a lack of phylogenetic information hitherto retrievable from the short 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from excised bands. An approach is presented that allows nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences to be retrieved for abundant components of the bacterial community as obtained by the community fingerprint, i.e. those reflected by major fingerprint bands. This was achieved by designing a pair of highly specific primers derived from the sequence of an excised band. Combined with universal 16S rRNA primers, these specific primers were applied directly to environmental DNA serving as template. This procedure allowed the generation of a nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the target taxon by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by cycle sequencing down to a relative abundance of at least 1.5% of the environmental DNA. The procedure was exemplified for an epsilonproteobacterium related to Thiomicrospira denitrificans occurring in the central Baltic Sea. This approach is based only on PCR without any cloning step involved. It allows focussing on specific target taxa and is thus rather efficient. This approach should be applicable in general to 16S rRNA or 16S rRNA gene‐based fingerprinting techniques and their respective environmental DNA.
Early development of delinquency within divorced families: evaluating a randomized preventive intervention trial
Authors: DeGarmo David S. , Forgatch Marion S. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract This paper reports on an experimental test of coercion theory early onset model of delinquency. Results are from the Oregon Divorce Study‐II, a randomized preventive intervention trial with a sample of 238 recently separated mothers and their sons in early elementary school. The objective was to experimentally manipulate parenting variables hypothesized to influence development of delinquent behaviors. Multiple‐method assessment spanned 36 months. Because the intervention focused on parent training, we expected that any intervention effects on changes in child outcomes would be mediated by hypothesized intervening mechanisms. Linear growth models showed significantly greater reduction in boys’ delinquency and deviant peer affiliation in the experimental group relative to the controls. Subsequent models using no method overlap in constructs demonstrated that the intervention effect on delinquency operated through growth in parenting and reduction in deviant peer affiliation.
Ancient plant DNA: review and prospects
Authors: Gugerli Felix , Parducci Laura , Petit Rémy J. 
Published: April 2005

SummaryAncient DNA has received much attention since the mid‐1980s, when the first sequence of an extinct animal species was recovered from a museum specimen. Since then, the majority of ancient DNA studies have focused predominantly on animal species, while studies in plant palaeogenetics have been rather limited, with the notable exception of cultivated species found in archaeological sites. Here, we outline the recent developments in the analysis of plant ancient DNA. We emphasize the trend from species identification to population‐level investigation and highlight the potential and the difficulties in this field, related to DNA preservation and to risks of contamination. Further efforts towards the analysis of ancient DNA from the abundant store of fossil plant remains should provide new research opportunities in palaeoecology and phylogeography. In particular, intraspecific variation should be considered not only in cultivated plants but also in wild taxa if palaeogenetics is to become a fully emancipated field of plant research.
AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF SOCIAL ACCOUNTS FOR AN ECONOMY OF THE YUGOSLAV TYPE
Authors: Horvat Branko 
Published: April 2005

The system of social accounts described in this article is based on the following five principles:(1) Producers of goods and services are working organizations which represent groups of people or individuals organized for the purpose of earning a living by producing goods and services that satisfy individual or collective needs. Business, government, profit and nonprofit, corporate and unincorporated working organizations are treated in a uniform way.(2) Since the behaviors of the market and non‐market sectors differ considerably, these two sectors are consistently separated throughout the accounting system.(3) There are four basic activities: (a) production, (b) consumption, (c) investment, and (d) income redistribution. These call for four separate accounts: (a) Working Organizations, (b) Households, (c) Community, including government and certain non‐government institutions, and (d) Accumulation. The fifth account, Rest of the World, serves for balancing purposes.(4) The same classifications of transactions are used for activities and institutions, making possible complete matching of social product and financial flows accounts.(5) The system strives to achieve the maximum analytical flexibility. Some of its possibilities are visible from the classification of industries: A. Market (Material) Sector: 1. Agriculture, II. Forestry, III. Mining and Manufacturing, IV. Construction, V. Transportation, VI. Trade and Catering, VII. Handicrafts; B. Non‐Market (Non‐Material) Sector: VIII. Housing and Communal Economy, IX. Education, Culture, and Social Welfare, X. Public Services Social Organizations (Political, Religious, etc.), Finance and Insurance, Public Administration and Judiciary, National Defence. Sector A corresponds to the material definition of social product. Sectors A + B correspond to the SNA definition. Sectors A + B minus Industry × reflects the welfare definition. Further, Industries I‐IV produce goods, V‐VII market services, VIII and IX non‐market services with welfare content, X intermediate nonmarket services, V‐X all services.
INCOME, CONSUMPTION AND SAVING IN URBAN AND RURAL INDIA*
Authors: Choudhury Uma Datta Roy 
Published: April 2005

The main purpose of the study is to determine the savings potential of urban and rural households in India and in the process determine the possible savings and consumption functions separately for urban and rural areas.Four different possible functions have been used for determining the savings behaviour of the households both at the aggregate level and at the per capita level. The rural households, according to the results, have an extremely low rate of saving with income elasticity of saving of less than unity. For the urban households on the other hand, the income elasticity of saving is high enough to suggest the possibilities of considerably high savings potential.To understand the consumption behaviour of these households, the long‐run and the short‐run marginal propensities to consume and the marginal propensities to consume out of‘permanent’ or ‘normal’ income and ‘transitory’ income have been worked out. For the urban sector none of these give encouraging enough results and the analysis has been extended to examine whether other factors like prices and household assets are of any significance. Whereas for the rural sector, Milton Friedman's theory of ‘permanent’ or ‘normal’ income is somewhat substantiated, other factors like ‘transitory’ income, prices and assets appear to inthence urban consumption behaviour though no single one of them substantially enough. A negligible effect of ‘permanent’ income on urban consumption behaviour is, on the other hand, very clearly suggested by the results.Household consumption and savings have next been projected using the above results to determine the possible levels for the next three years. The results suggest that the rate of domestic savings likely to be achieved by the end of the Third Five Year Plan (1965–66) falls short of the targets laid down.