bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of phosphorus/calcium-restricted and phosphorus/calcium-replete 32% protein diets in dogs with chronic renal failure
Authors: Finco Delmar R. , Brown Scott A. , Crowell Wayne A. , Groves Carlotta A. , Duncan J. Robert , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Twenty-four dogs with induced, severe chronic renal failure were allotted to 2 groups of 12 each. Group-A dogs were fed a 0.4% phosphorus (P)/0.6% calcium, 32% protein diet, and group-B dogs were fed a 1.4% P/l.9% calcium, 32% protein diet. Dogs were studied over 24 months to determine clinical status, survival, blood biochemical alterations, glomerular filtration rate (gfr), urinary excretion of P and protein, renal morphologic changes, and renal tissue concentrations of calcium, P, and magnesium.
Group-A dogs developed statistically significant differences from group-B dogs in several blood biochemical values (pcv and total solids, calcium, P, potassium, sodium, chlonde, total CO2 (TCO2), anion gap, and parathyroid hormone concentrations) and in urinary P excretion.
Mean ( ± sem) gfr values in group-A and group-B dogs were nearly identical when diets were initiated (group _A = 0.73 ± 0.05 ml/min/kg of body weight; group B = 0.72 ± 0.08 ml/min/kg), but significantly (P = 0.0346) lower gfr developed in group-B than in group-A dogs over time. At 24 months, gfr in survivors was 0.83 ± 0.08 and 0.63 ± 0.15 ml/min/kg for dogs of groups A and B, respectively.
Other measurements favored the hypothesis that P/calcium restriction was beneficial, but values failed to reach statistical significance. Survival was greater at 24 months in group-A than in group-B (7 vs 5) dogs, and renal tissue concentrations of calcium and P were higher in group-B than in group-A dogs.
Differences were not detected between groups in urinary excretion of protein and in the type or severity of renal lesions.
We conclude that P/calcium restriction at 32% protein intake is beneficial to dogs with chronic renal failure, but that the degree of restriction imposed in group-A dogs of this study did not prevent development of abnormalities. Factors other than dietary P/calcium intake may have a role in progression of renal failure to uremia.
Controlled tests on activity of contemporary parasiticides on natural infections of helminths in lambs, with emphasis on strains of Haemonchus contortus isolated in 1955
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C. , Stamper S. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Ten controlled tests were done between 1972 and 1989, in lambs on pasture, evaluating activity of fenbendazole (fbz; 5 mg/kg of body weight), oxfendazole (ofz; 3.5 and 10 mg/kg), oxibendazole (obz; 10 mg/kg), pyrantel pamoate (prt; 25 mg of base/kg), and thiabendazole (tbz; 44 and 50 mg/kg) against natural infections of helminths, with emphasis on 2 strains (A and B) of Haemonchus contortus. Strain A was phenothiazine-susceptible and strain B was phenothiazine-resistant when isolated in 1955. For approximately 10 years prior to these tests, sheep infected with both strains had been treated periodically each year with several compounds, including thiabendazole, which was used many more times than the other drugs.
For this study, 4 (fbz, ofz, obz, and prt) of the 5 compounds were evaluated in either 1 or 2 controlled tests. The fifth compound, tbz, was used for 5 tests. Strain A H contortus was resistant to tbz for all years tested, but more susceptible to fbz, ofz, obz, and prt. Overall, strain B was susceptible to tbz (with a few exceptions), and also to fbz, ofz, obz (activity less on immature forms), and prt.
Other abomasal parasites (2 species of Ostertagia and 3 of Trichostrongylus) were found in low numbers, but removal overall was good for the compounds tested. Trichostrongylus axei, found in higher numbers than species of Ostertagia and other species of Trichostrongylus, were effectively removed by all compounds in most cases.
Activities of tbz and prt were also evaluated against several species of intestinal helminths, most of which were found in low numbers. Cooperia curticei were inconsistently removed by tbz, but activity of prt was effective. Both compounds were active on mature Nematodirus sparger, but tbz had variable activity on immature forms. Strongyloides papillosus were effectively removed by tbz. Other parasites found in lower numbers than the aforementioned 3 species were Capillaria spp, Trichuris spp, and Oesophagostomum columbianum; removal was variable for both drugs.
Immune response of cattle to Haemophilus somnus lipid A-protein conjugate vaccine and efficacy in a mouse abortion model
Authors: Inzana Thomas J. , Todd Jean 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Immunogenicity of the lipid A component of Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide in cattle and mice was examined after purification, detoxification, and covalent conjugation to a protein carrier. After 2 inoculations, a substantial antibody response was induced in most cattle to lipid A and the protein carrier. To determine whether antibodies to lipid A would be protective, 5 x 107 colonyforming units of H somnus strain 649 were administered IV to endotoxin-responsive (C3H/HeN) mice. In one study, 8 of 13 C3H/HeN mice aborted when inoculated. In contrast, abortion did not result when mice were inoculated with the same dose of an isolate of H somnus normally found in the prepuce or with the rough mutant Escherichia coli J5. In addition, endotoxin-nonresponsive (C3H/ HeJ) mice were significantly (P =0.03) more resistant to abortion by strain 649 than were C3H/HeN mice, but inoculated C3H/HeN mice were only slightly more resistant to H somnus abortion, compared with control mice. Although a large antibody response to lipid A was detected, there was no significant difference in the immunized group between mice that aborted and mice that delivered normally. Thus, lipooligosaccharide and other properties of virulent H somnus strains may contribute to abortion in mice.
Intradermal testing of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and recurrent urticaria
Authors: Evans Anne G. , Paradis Mary Rose , O’Callaghan Michael 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Six horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and 8 horses with recurrent urticaria were skin tested with 67 extracts from 58 allergens, including pollens, epidermals, cultivated farm plants, dusts, molds, and insects. Reactions were evaluated 3 times over a 24-hour period immediately after the injections. Results were compared with those obtained from 11 clinically normal horses. All horses had positive skin test reactions. Significant difference was evident between horses with copd and clinically normal horses for only 3.0% of the possible extract reactions, and between horses with urticaria and clinically normal horses for only 4.5% of the possible extract reactions. Horses with copd or urticaria had greater total percentage of allergen extract reactions than did clinically normal horses. Positive reactions were observed at all 3 evaluation periods, and late-onset reactions were not always preceded by positive reaction at earlier periods. All horses with copd or urticaria had at least 1 skin test reaction that exceeded the mean ± 2 SD, as calculated for each of the 67 extracts for the group of clinically normal horses.
Myocardial taurine concentrations in cats with cardiac disease and in healthy cats fed taurine-modified diets
Authors: Fox Philip R. , Sturman John A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Myocardial taurine concentrations were measured in cats with cardiac disease and in healthy cats fed diets with various concentrations of taurine. Group 1 was composed of 26 cats with 3 categories of naturally developing cardiac disease: dilatative cardiomyopathy (group 1A), 10 cats; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (group 1B), 9 cats; and volume overload (group 1C), 7 cats. These cats had been fed various commercial diets. Group 2 was composed of 40 healthy cats that had been fed diets varying in taurine concentration (0 to 1% taurine) for at least 2 years.
Mean myocardial taurine concentrations did not differ significantly between group-1 cats with dilatative cardiomyopathy and those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or volume overload. Cats in group 1A had a mean myocardial taurine concentration 3 times higher than healthy cats fed a taurine-free diet (P< 0.002). Mean myocardial taurine concentrations did not differ significantly between group-1A cats and healthy cats fed a diet containing 0.02% taurine; group-1A cats had significantly lower mean myocardial taurine concentrations than did healthy cats fed a synthetic diet containing 0.05 or 1.0% taurine (P < 0.001). Acute oral administration of taurine in 5 group-1A cats appeared to increase mean myocardial taurine concentrations, compared with similar cats not given taurine during treatment for cardiac failure. In group-2 cats, mean myocardial taurine concentrations increased directly with percentage of dietary taurine.
Response of colostrum-deprived cynomolgus monkeys to intragastric challenge exposure with simian rotavirus strain SA11
Authors: Petschow Bryon W. , Litov Richard E. , Young Lawrence J. T. , McGraw Thomas P. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The infectivity and pathogenic potential of a cell culture-adapted simian rotavirus was evaluated in colostrum-deprived newborn and infant cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Intragastric challenge exposure with the simian rotavirus strain SA11 on postpartum day 2 induced diarrhea in 5 of 5 colostrum-deprived newborn monkeys. Compared with sham-inoculated controls, 3 of the 5 inoculated monkeys also manifested reduced body weight gain during the initial 5 days after challenge exposure. Rotavirus was detected in feces of 3 challenge-exposed monkeys for up to 2 days after inoculation. Evaluation of antibody response after rotavirus inoculation was obscured by high but variable prechallenge-exposure serum titers of rotavirus-specific antibody. Preexisting serum titer of neutralizing antibody in newborn monkeys was not predictive of clinical response to inoculation with rotavirus SA11. Two 90-day-old infant monkeys with low serum neutralizing antibody titer did not have diarrhea, reduced weight gain, or antibody response after oral inoculation with rotavirus SA11. Results of these challenge-exposure studies in newborn cynomolgus monkeys were consistent with a heterologous host-rotavirus model and indicate that neonatal serum antibody of maternal origin may not be associated with resistance to rotavirus-induced disease.
Pharmacologic evaluation of factor XIIIa*-like enzyme activity in equine plasma as a potential therapeutic avenue for the inhibition of fibrinous tissue
Authors: Coyne C. P. , Smith Joseph E. , DeBowes Rick M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Several pharmaceutical compounds were evaluated for their ability to selectively inhibit activated coagulation factor-XIII-like enzyme activity (eg, Xllla*) in pooled equine plasma. Presence of coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity in plasma was established by assay procedures involving incorporation of the fluorescent amine compound, monodansylcadaverine, into purified casein, which served as a protein substrate.
Pharmaceuticals inhibitory to coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were recognized by plasma gel formation of high spectrophotometric transmittance (transparency), solubility of transparent fibrin gels in concentrated urea solution, in conjunction with simultaneous depletion of native fibrinogen fractions, and production of fibrin monomer. Compounds acting primarily as anticoagulants were recognized by lack of plasma gel formation, but retaining high spectrophotometric transmittance and no detectable depletion of native fibrinogen fractions. Compounds failing to inhibit either thrombin-mediated fibrinogen-fibrin transformation (ie, coagulation) or coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were recognized by opaque plasma gels caused by fibrin polymerization, low spectrophotometric transmittance values, and coinciding with depletion of native fibrinogen fractions.
Pharmaceuticals capable of exerting selective inhibition of coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were further classified as competitive inhibitors of phase 1 (carbamide) or phase 2 (terminal amine) of the transglutamination process.
Concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the serum of sexually intact and neutered dogs
Authors: Olson Patricia N. , Mulnix John A. , Nett Terry M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) were measured in serum samples obtained from 100 dogs. Groups (n = 25/group) consisted of sexually intact and ovariohysterectomized bitches and sexually intact and castrated male dogs. Mean (± sd) concentrations of lh in the serum of sexually intact and ovariohysterectomized bitches were 1.2 (± 0.9) and 28.7 (± 25.8) ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of fsh in the serum of sexually intact and ovariohysterectomized bitches were 98 (± 49) and 1,219 (± 763) ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of lh in the serum of sexually intact and castrated male dogs were 6.0 (± 5.2) and 17.1 (± 9.9) ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of fsh in the serum of sexually intact and castrated male dogs were 89 (± 28) and 858 (± 674) ng/ml, respectively. In addition to history, physical examination results, and other laboratory values, the measurement of serum gonadotropin concentrations may aid in determining whether dogs have been neutered.
Selective measurement of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in heparinized plasma from horses
Authors: Watson T. D. G. , Burns L. , Packard C. J. , Shepherd J. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Affinity chromatography on heparin sepharose was used to identify 2 lipolytic enzymes in heparinized plasma from horses. One enzyme was typical of hepatic triglyceride lipase (htgl), because it was resistant to inactivation by high concentrations of NaCl, and it did not require the addition of serum for activity. The other enzyme was identified as lipoprotein lipase (lpl), because of its inactivation at NaCl concentrations in excess of 0.2M, and its dependency on addition of serum as a source of apolipoprotein C-II activator. The enzymes were purified by 347- (htgl) and 442- (lpl) fold, with yields of 54 and 58%, respectively. The partially purified enzymes were used to design incubation conditions that gave optimal activities for each enzyme in vitro. A selective assay was then developed for direct measurement of lpl and htgl activities in heparinized plasma from horses. Analysis of htgl took advantage of the almost complete inactivition of lpl when serum cofactor was excluded from the assay at the NaCl concentration that gave optimal htgl activity. Prior incubation of heparinized plasma with sodium dodecyl sulfate to inhibit htgl was necessary for measurement of lpl, because htgl retained 67% of its activity at the NaCl concentration required for optimal lpl activity. Activity of each enzyme was measured in heparinized plasma from 12 Shetland ponies. The mean activity ± sd for lpl was 3.22 ± 1.04 μmol of fatty acids/ml of heparinized plasma/h (μmol of fa/ml/h). The mean activity for htgl was 4.9 ± 1.56 μmol of fa/ml/h. The performance of the assay was assessed by replicate analysis of pools of each enzyme with high and low activities. The intra-assay coefficient of variation ranged between 3.4 and 8.7% (n = 10), and the interassay coefficient of variation ranged between 5.2 and 10.7% (n = 7) for the same pools analyzed over 7 weeks.
Neutrophil activation associated with increased neutrophil acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity during inflammation in cattle
Authors: McDermott Colleen , Fenwick Brad 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Acyloxyacyl hydrolase (aoah) is a lysosomal enzyme found in neutrophils and macrophages that acts to partially deacylate the lipid-A component of the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria rendering it less toxic, yet maintaining much of its immunostimulatory potential. We have found that the activity of neutrophil aoah per cell increased during localized inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for these increases in neutrophil aoah activity. Because changes in neutrophil maturity commonly are associated with inflammation, intravascular infusion of purified gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide and sc injection of bovine recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used to induce large numbers of circulating immature neutrophils. Immature neutrophils were found to have aoah activity equal to that of mature cells; however, when neutrophils were stimulated in vitro with known activators, aoah activity of activated cells was more than that of unstimulated cells. The increase in aoah activity was inversely related to prestimulation activity. Increases in aoah activity after neutrophil activation were not a result of de novo synthesis of the enzyme, because cycloheximide did not prevent activation-induced increases in activity.
Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor on established immune complex glomerulonephritis in dogs
Authors: Grauer Gregory F. , Frisbie David D. , Longhofer Susan L. , Cooley A. James 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Twelve Beagles were inoculated with concanavalin A, and after a mean ninefold increase in antibody titer, 1 mg of concanavalin A was infused into each renal artery of each dog to induce in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis. Starting 4 weeks after renal arterial infusion, 6 dogs were treated orally 3 times daily with 30 mg of 3-methyl-2 (3 pyridyl)-1-indoleoctanoic acid (CGS 12970)/ kg of body weight, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, and 6 dogs (control group) received a gelatin capsule 3 times daily. Endogenous creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary excretion of protein and thromboxane B2 were determined for each dog prior to renal arterial infusion, at the initiation of treatment and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after initiation of treatment. In addition, methyoxy-3H inulin clearance was determined at initiation of treatment and 4 and 8 weeks later. Renal specimens were examined histologically at the initiation of treatment and 4 and 8 weeks later. Glomerular mononuclear profiles/μm3 were determined from at least 10 equatorially sectioned glomeruli from each dog. Paired t tests were used to compare mean values at the various time points to the respective mean baseline value and 2-sample t tests were used to evaluate differences between treatment groups.
At the start of treatment (4 weeks after renal arterial infusion of concanavalin A), histologic evaluation of renal specimens revealed glomerular epithelial crescent formation, mononuclear cell proliferation, and infiltration of neutrophils. Mononuclear cell profiles and urinary excretion of protein and thromboxane B2 were significantly increased, but endogenous creatinine clearance values were unchanged. Treatment with CGS 12970 did not affect endogenous creatinine clearance, methyoxy-3H inulin clearance, or glomeruli, however, CGS 12970 treatment significantly decreased urinary excretion of protein and thromboxane B2 when compared with values in the control group. These findings suggested that thromboxane has a role in the pathogenesis of established glomerulonephritis and that thromboxane synthetase inhibition treatment may be beneficial in dogs with established glomerulonephritis.
Increased numbers of duodenal mucosal mast cells in turkeys inoculated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus
Authors: Opengart Kenneth , Eyre Peter , Domermuth Charles H. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The relation between average duodenal mast cell count, duodenal mucosal mast cell numbers, duodenal connective tissue mast cell numbers, circulating basophil numbers, heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lesion score were studied to gain an understanding of the events that may lead to intestinal lesion formation associated with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) infection. Changes in vascular permeability in the duodenum in birds inoculated with hev were examined, using colloidal carbon and ferritin as vascular markers. Turkeys inoculated with hev had significantly (P < 0.05) higher duodenal mast cell counts than did noninfected controls. Birds inoculated with hev had significantly (P < 0.05) more mucosal mast cells than did phosphate-buffered saline solution-inoculated birds. Connective tissue mast cell and basophil numbers were unaffected by viral inoculation. Thermal stress did not have significant effect on lesion severity, but did increase number of birds that developed the characteristic intestinal lesions. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in hev-inoculated birds, compared with phosphate-buffered saline solution-inoculated controls. Increase in vascular permeability was only detected in hev-inoculated birds with intestinal lesions. Results indicate that mast cells, and the vasoactive mediators contained within mast cells, may be important in the early manifestation of hev infection. They also provide a possible mechanism through which biochemical and physiologic changes characteristic of hev infection can occur.
Immunologic responses in healthy random-source cats fed N,N-dimethylglycine-supplemented diets
Authors: Weiss Richard C. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The immunomodulatory capacities of N,N-dimethylglycine (dmg) were examined in random-source cats. Blood mononuclear leukocytes of healthy adult cats that had negative results to tests for FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus were exposed in vitro to various concentrations of dmg (10 to 1,000 μg/ml) and were evaluated for proliferative responses to T- or B-cell phytomitogens. Although increased, mean lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytolectins in dmg-treated cultures did not differ significantly from responses of untreated cultures. For in vivo studies, cats were given a solution containing either 100 mg of dmg or a control solution without dmg orally at 8 am and 6 pm for 40 consecutive days. On posttreatment day 24 and 25, mean blastogenic responses to phytolectins in dmg-treated and control cats inoculated 10 days earlier with an inactivated feline virus vaccine were similar. Cats given dmg and inoculated twice in a 3-week interval with a commercial vaccine containing inactivated feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus had significantly (P = 0.045) lower virus neutralizing serum antibody titers against feline herpesvirus-1, compared with titers of control cats, whereas feline calicivirus titers were similar in both groups. On day 25, mean serum interferon activity, induced after iv inoculation of Newcastle disease virus, was significantly (P = 0.021) lower in the dmg-treated cats.
Results of this study of dmg in healthy cats failed to demonstrate enhancement of either specific or nonspecific immunity.
Pharmacokinetic study of danofloxacin in cattle and swine
Authors: Mann D. D. , Frame G. M. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Pharmacokinetic values of a new quinolone antimicrobial, danofloxacin, were studied in cattle and swine. Plasma concentration was detected within 15 minutes after im administration, peaked by 1 hour, and subsequently decreased, with half-life of 2.9 and 6.8 hours for cattle and swine, respectively. In swine, danofloxacin was absorbed, whether orally administered by gavage, in feed, or in drinking water. Danofloxacin concentrated in lung tissue at 4 to 7 times the plasma concentration. Lung tissue concentration exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations for im90portant respiratory tract pathogens for extended periods after administration of the drug by any of the routes studied. The major routes of excretion were in urine and bile.