bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unique Vertex of Bacterial Virus PRD1 Is Connected to the Viral Internal Membrane
Authors: Strömsten Nelli J. , Bamford Dennis H. , Bamford Jaana K. H. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
Icosahedral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacterial viruses are known to package their genomes into preformed procapsids via a unique portal vertex. Bacteriophage PRD1 differs from the more commonly known icosahedral dsDNA phages in that it contains an internal lipid membrane. The packaging of PRD1 is known to proceed via preformed empty capsids. Now, a unique vertex has been shown to exist in PRD1. We show in this study that this unique vertex extends to the virus internal membrane via two integral membrane proteins, P20 and P22. These small membrane proteins are necessary for the binding of the putative packaging ATPase P9, via another capsid protein, P6, to the virus particle.
STAT3 Ubiquitylation and Degradation by Mumps Virus Suppress Cytokine and Oncogene Signaling
Authors: Ulane Christina M. , Rodriguez Jason J. , Parisien Jean-Patrick , Horvath Curt M. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTMumps virus is a common infectious agent of humans, causing parotitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and orchitis. Like other paramyxoviruses in the genusRubulavirus, mumps virus catalyzes the proteasomal degradation of cellular STAT1 protein, a means for escaping antiviral responses initiated by alpha/beta and gamma interferons. We demonstrate that mumps virus also eliminates cellular STAT3, a protein that mediates transcriptional responses to cytokines, growth factors, nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, and a variety of oncogenic stimuli. STAT1 and STAT3 are independently targeted by a single mumps virus protein, called V, that assembles STAT-directed ubiquitylation complexes from cellular components, including STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, DDB1, and Cullin4A. Consequently, mumps virus V protein prevents responses to interleukin-6 and v-Src signals and can induce apoptosis in STAT3-dependent multiple myeloma cells and transformed murine fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate a unique cytokine and oncogene evasion property of mumps virus that provides a molecular basis for its observed oncolytic properties.
The Oligomerization Domain of VP3, the Scaffolding Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus, Plays a Critical Role in Capsid Assembly
Authors: Maraver Antonio , Oña Ana , Abaitua Fernando , González Dolores , Clemente Roberto , Ruiz-Díaz Jose A. , Castón Jose R. , Pazos Florencio , Rodriguez Jose F. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) capsids are formed by a single protein layer containing three polypeptides, pVP2, VP2, and VP3. Here, we show that the VP3 protein synthesized in insect cells, either after expression of the complete polyprotein or from a VP3 gene construct, is proteolytically degraded, leading to the accumulation of product lacking the 13 C-terminal residues. This finding led to identification of the VP3 oligomerization domain within a 24-amino-acid stretch near the C-terminal end of the polypeptide, partially overlapping the VP1 binding domain. Inactivation of the VP3 oligomerization domain, by either proteolysis or deletion of the polyprotein gene, abolishes viruslike particle formation. Formation of VP3-VP1 complexes in cells infected with a dual recombinant baculovirus simultaneously expressing the polyprotein and VP1 prevented VP3 proteolysis and led to efficient virus-like particle formation in insect cells.
Development and Application of a Reverse Genetics System for Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Yun Sang-Im , Kim Seok-Yong , Rice Charles M. , Lee Young-Min 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a common agent of viral encephalitis that causes high mortality and morbidity among children. Molecular genetic studies of JEV are hampered by the lack of a genetically stable full-length infectious JEV cDNA clone. We describe here the development of such a clone. A JEV isolate was fully sequenced, and then its full-length cDNA was cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome. This was then further engineered so that transcription of the cDNA in vitro would generate synthetic RNAs with authentic 5′ and 3′ ends. The synthetic RNAs thus produced were highly infectious in susceptible cells (>10
6
PFU/μg), and these cells rapidly generated a high titer of synthetic viruses (>5 × 10
6
PFU/ml). The recovered viruses were indistinguishable from the parental virus in terms of plaque morphology, growth kinetics, RNA accumulation, protein expression, and cytopathogenicity. Significantly, the structural and functional integrity of the cDNA was maintained even after 180 generations of growth in
Escherichia coli
. A single point mutation acting as a genetic marker was introduced into the cDNA and was found in the genome of the recovered virus, indicating that the cDNA can be manipulated. Furthermore, we showed that JEV is an attractive vector for the expression of heterologous genes in a wide variety of cell types. This novel reverse genetics system for JEV will greatly facilitate research into JEV biology. It will also be useful as a heterologous gene expression vector and will aid the development of a vaccine against JEV.
Eggplant Latent Viroid
, the Candidate Type Species for a New Genus within the Family
Avsunviroidae
(Hammerhead Viroids)
Authors: Fadda Z. , Daròs J. A. , Fagoaga C. , Flores R. , Duran-Vila N. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

Viroids, small circular RNAs that replicate independently and in most cases incite diseases in plants, are classified into the families
Pospiviroidae
, composed of species with a central conserved region (CCR) and without hammerhead ribozymes, and
Avsunviroidae
, composed of three members lacking CCR but able to self-cleave in both polarity strands through hammerhead ribozymes. Here we report the biological and molecular properties of
Eggplant latent viroid
(ELVd). Purified circular ELVd induces symptomless infections when inoculated into eggplant seedlings. ELVd can be transmitted horizontally and through seed. Sequencing 10 complete cDNA clones showed that ELVd is a circular RNA of 332 to 335 nucleotides with high variability. This RNA can adopt a quasi-rod-like secondary structure of minimal free energy and alternative foldings that permit formation of stable hammerhead structures in plus and minus strands. The ribozymes are active in vitro and, most likely, in vivo
.
Considering the ELVd properties to be intermediate between those of the two genera of family
Avsunviroidae
, we propose ELVd as the type species of a third genus with the name
Elaviroid
.
Cell-Free Synthesis of Encephalomyocarditis Virus
Authors: Svitkin Yuri V. , Sonenberg Nahum 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACT

We developed a system for complete replication of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) in a test tube by using an in vitro translation extract from Krebs-2 cells. Efficient virus synthesis occurred in a narrow range of Mg
2+
and EMCV RNA concentrations. Excess input RNA impaired RNA replication and virus production but not translation. This suggests the existence of a negative-feedback mechanism for regulation of RNA replication by the viral plus-strand RNA or proteins.
Extensive Cross-Reactivity of CD4+Adenovirus-Specific T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy
Authors: Heemskerk Bianca , Veltrop-Duits Louise A. , van Vreeswijk Tamara , ten Dam Monique M. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Toes Rene E. M. , van Tol Maarten J. D. , Schilham Marco W. 
Published: May 2003

ABSTRACTAdenovirus (Ad)-specific T-cell responses in healthy adult donors were investigated. Ad5, inactivated by methylene blue plus visible light, induced proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the majority of donors. Responding T cells were CD4+and produced IFN-γ upon restimulation with infectious Ad5 and Ads of different subgroups. T-cell clones showed distinct cross-reactivity patterns recognizing Ad serotypes from either one subgroup (C), two subgroups (B and C), or three subgroups (A, B, and C). This cross-reactivity of Ad-specific T cells has relevance both for Ad-based gene therapy protocols, as well as for the feasibility of T-cell-mediated adoptive immunotherapy in recipients of an allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Modern treatment of acromegaly
Authors: Merza Z 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder characterised by increased morbidity and mortality. It is usually caused by a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma and is manifested by a variety of clinical features. Surgery is usually the treatment of choice, however over the last few years, several new methods of treatment have been developed. A recent consensus on the targets for treatment has led to multiple studies being conducted to assess the efficacy of the currently available options. This review examines the evidence for and against these treatments.
Impact of respiratory viral infections on cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wat D 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
The life expectancy for patients with cystic fibrosis has improved remarkably over the last 20 years. Progressive deterioration of pulmonary function continues despite the aggressive use of antimicrobials. The absence of fever, neutrophilia, and systemic symptoms suggest that during pulmonary exacerbations other non-bacterial factors may have played a part. Some have suggested respiratory viruses as main suspects. So far, few data have illustrated the relationship of respiratory viruses and cystic fibrosis. By gaining further knowledge of this relationship, one may change future clinical practice and boost the survival of these patients.
Results of a programme to improve house staff use of metered dose inhalers and spacers
Authors: Lee-Wong M , Mayo P H 
Published: May 2003

Abstract

Purpose
Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and spacers are used widely in the treatment of asthma. Medical personnel who are responsible for training patients must themselves be proficient with the devices. The proficiency of a group of new medical interns with use of MDI and spacer devices was determined, and improvement in their use of these devices was sought.

Subjects
Fifty six medical interns tested at the start of their first house staff training year.

Methods
The ability of medical interns to use MDIs and spacers was assessed using a visual scoring system before and after a large group lecture emphasising proper device use and once again after an intensive one-on-one training session with an attending physician.

Results
Initially, only 5% used an MDI perfectly. This improved to 13% after a lecture and demonstration, and 73% after an intensive one-on-one session. Almost no new interns could use a collapsible or tube spacer properly initially. This improved to 15% and 29% respectively after a lecture. After one-on-one training, correct technique was increased to 69% for collapsible spacer and 95% for the tube spacer. Analysis of individual steps of MDI use showed that interns had particular difficulty in coordinating actuation with inhalation. The tube spacer appeared easiest to learn.

Conclusions
Incoming medical house staff have limited ability to use MDI with and without spacers. A large group lecture is relatively ineffective when compared with a one-on-one training session in training with these devices.
Recurrent autumnal psychosis
Authors: Joshi P , Wicks A C , Munshi S K 
Published: May 2003

Abstract
Acute confusional states in the older patient often have a remediable cause. Every effort should be made to ascertain the cause so that appropriate treatment can be given and future episodes prevented. A patient is described who presented with recurrent episodes of acute psychosis after ingestion of Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade).
Application of the Open-Lung Concept during Positive-Pressure Ventilation Reduces Pulmonary Inflammation in Newborn Piglets
Authors: van Kaam Anton H. , Dik Willem A. , Haitsma Jack J. , De Jaegere Anne , Naber Birgitta A. , van Aalderen Wim M. , Kok Joke H. , Lachmann Burkhard 
Published: May 2003

It has been shown that application of the open-lung concept (OLC) during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) attenuates pulmonary inflammation. We hypothesized that this attenuation could also be achieved by applying the OLC during positive-pressure ventilation (PPV). After repeated whole-lung lavage, newborn piglets were assigned to one of three ventilation groups: (1) PPV<sub>OLC</sub>; (2) HFOV<sub>OLC</sub>, or (3) conventional PPV (PPV<sub>CON</sub>). After a ventilation period of 5 h, analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a reduced influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, interleukin 8, and thrombin activity in both OLC groups as compared with the PPV<sub>CON</sub> group. There were no differences in tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. We conclude that application of the OLC during PPV reduces pulmonary inflammation as compared with conventional PPV and that the magnitude of this reduction is comparable to that of HFOV.
Angiomyolipoma with a Caval Thrombus
Authors: Schips L. , Ratschek M. , Gallé G. , Zigeuner R. , Trummer H. , Petritsch P.H. , Hubmer G. 
Published: May 2003

We report the case of a female patient presenting with flank pain. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a tumor of 8 cm in diameter. After abdominal computerized tomography, the tumor was classified as angiomyolipoma with a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava. After nephrectomy, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. To our knowledge, this is the 11th case of a renal angiomyolipoma extending into the vena cava.
Comparable Efficacy of Pantoprazole and Omeprazole in Patients with Moderate to Severe Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Körner T. , Schütze K. , van Leendert R.J.M. , Fumagalli I. , Costa Neves B. , Bohuschke M. , Gatz G. 
Published: May 2003

Aim: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole 40 mg and omeprazole MUPS 40 mg in patients with moderate to severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study conducted in Austria, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland and The Netherlands, patients with endoscopically confirmed moderate to severe GERD (Savary/Miller esophagitis grade II/III) were enrolled. They received a once-daily dose of either 40 mg pantoprazole or 40 mg omeprazole MUPS. Healing was determined by endoscopy after 4 weeks of treatment. If patients were not healed, treatment was extended for another 4 weeks. An additional endoscopy was performed in these cases after 8 weeks of treatment. Healing was determined by endoscopy after 4 and 8 weeks. In addition, treatment effect on symptoms was evaluated by the investigator using a questionnaire assessing heartburn, reflux regurgitation and pain on swallowing at each visit, as well as by a self-administered questionnaire comprising further 24 gastrointestinal symptoms. Analyses were performed for the intention-to-treat (ITT) and the per-protocol (PP) population. In addition, patients with high compliance (HC: 90% ≤110%) were considered in a separate group. Adverse events and the influence of the Helicobacter pylori status were investigated. Results: A total of 669 outpatients were enrolled in the study, with 337 patients receiving pantoprazole and 332 omeprazole MUPS. The PP population consisted of 552 patients, 282 treated with pantoprazole and 270 with omeprazole MUPS. The healing rates in both treatment groups were shown to be equivalent and were higher in patients who adhered closely to the administration protocol (HC). According to ITT (ITTHC) analyses, healing rates were 65.3% (77.4%) in the pantoprazole and 66.3% (74.7%) in the omeprazole group after 4 weeks. Furthermore, patients infected with H. pylori had slightly but not significantly higher healing rates than those with a negative test result. The safety profile of both treatments was comparable. Conclusion: Pantoprazole 40 mg and omeprazole MUPS 40 mg were equivalent with respect to healing after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment in patients with reflux esophagitis grade II/III. Overall, HC patients had higher healing rates than the regular compliant patients. Both drugs were well tolerated and safe.
Multicenter Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Powles T. , Bower M. , Daugaard G. , Shamash J. , De Ruiter A. , Johnson M. , Fisher M. , Anderson J. , Mandalia S. , Stebbing J. , Nelson M. , Gazzard B. , Oliver T. 
Published: May 2003

Purpose: Testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) occur at increased frequency in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This multicenter study addresses the characteristics of these tumors. Patients and Methods: Patients with HIV-related GCT were identified from six HIV treatment centers. The incidence was calculated from the center with the most complete linked oncology and HIV databases. Results: Thirty-five patients with HIV-related GCT were identified. The median age at GCT diagnosis was 34 years (range, 27 to 64 years). The median CD4 cell count was 315/mm3 (range, 90 to 960/mm3) at this time. The histologic classification was seminoma in 26 patients (74%) and nonseminomatous GCT in nine patients (26%). Twenty-one patients (60%) had stage I disease and 14 patients had metastatic disease. Overall six patients relapsed, three died from GCT, and seven died from HIV disease, resulting in a 2-year overall survival rate of 81%. HIV-related seminoma occurred more frequently than in the age- and sex-matched HIV-negative population, with a relative risk of 5.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.35 to 8.10); however, nonseminomatous GCT did not occur more frequently, and there was no change in the incidence of GCT since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: Testicular seminoma occurs significantly more frequently in HIV-positive men than in the matched control population. Patients with HIV-related GCTs present and should be treated in a similar manner to those in the HIV-negative population. After a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 9% of the patients died from GCT. Most of the mortality relates to HIV infection.
Chemotaxis of non‐compressed blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes from an adolescent with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Authors: Malawista Stephen E. , de Boisfleury Chevance Anne , Brown Eric J. , Boxer Laurence A. , Law S.K.A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe have defined the defect in a child with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency‐1 (LAD) as resulting from a single amino acid shift in CD18 (from a C to T mutation at position 533) that prevents heterodimerization with the CD11 antigens to produce β2 integrins—the first reported patient homozygous for this defect. Although beset by frequent infections, the patient has survived to adolescence despite the lack of these important adhesion molecules. Consistent with his clinical course is the ability of his PMN to respond chemotactically in slide preparations, albeit with difficulty because of their poor purchase on substrate. The operant adhesins are unknown; his polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) remain chemotactically responsive in the presence of antibodies to αvβ3 and β1 integrins and to integrin‐associated protein (IAP). These findings indicate that not all patients with severe LAD are candidates for early bone marrow transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 73:115–120, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural killer cell‐type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: Ogata Masao , Imamura Tomoyuki , Mizunoe Syunji , Ohtsuka Eiichi , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Nasu Masaru 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe a 69‐year‐old female who developed natural killer cell‐type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus (CAEBV) infection. Examination of the patient's pleural effusion revealed large abnormal lymphocytes, which were CD2+, CD7+, CD30+, CD56+, CD3−, and CD4−. No rearrangement of T cell receptor genes was detected. Clonal proliferation of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐infected cells in pleural effusion was demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Human herpesvirus type‐8 (HHV‐8) DNA was not detected in these cells. The patient achieved a complete remission with combination chemotherapy. Prior to the clinical onset of lymphoma, high fever of unknown origin had persisted for 21 months. IgG antibodies to EBV‐viral capsid antigen and to EBV‐early antigens, types D and R were not high (1:160 and less than 1:10, respectively). Two months after the onset of fever, however, retrospective quantitative PCR assay revealed a high EBV DNA load in plasma, indicating that CAEBV infection had been the cause of the patient's recurrent fever. The remarkable features of this case are (i) the development of lymphoma following CAEBV infection that demonstrated a normal pattern of EBV‐specific antibodies, (ii) the development of HHV‐8‐negative body cavity lymphoma, and (iii) the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy. Am. J. Hematol. 73:126–130, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osseous fragility in Marshall–Smith syndrome
Authors: Diab Mohammad , Raff Michael , Gunther Daniel F. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMarshall–Smith syndrome is characterized by accelerated osseous maturation, craniofacial anomalies, failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, hypotonia, pulmonary dysfunction, and limited life expectancy. We describe a 7‐year‐old girl who, in addition to meeting these criteria for Marshall–Smith syndrome, had multiple fractures and skeletal anomalies. The purpose of this report is to draw attention to Marshall–Smith syndrome as one of the skeletal dysplasias characterized by osseous fragility. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melorheostosis in a family with autosomal dominant osteopoikilosis: Report of a third family
Authors: Debeer Philippe , Pykels E. , Lammens J. , Devriendt K. , Fryns J.‐P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe a three‐generation family with clinical and radiological findings of osteopoikilosis in five and melorheostosis in one individual. The co‐occurrence of both rare bone disorders suggests that both conditions might be related as suggested previously by Butkus et al. [1997: Am J Med Genet 72:43–46] and Nevin et al. [1999: Am J Med Genet 82:409–414]. The findings in this family strengthen the hypothesis that osteopoikilosis is an autosomal dominant condition and that an early postzygotic second hit mutation in the second allele results in melorheostosis. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.