bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical demonstration of mitochondria in routinely processed tissue using a monoclonal antibody
Authors: Paulus Werner , Lehr Angelika , Peiffer Juergen , Markovic Axel , Wiedmann Karl Hermann 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe report results obtained using the monoclonal antibody M‐II 68, which recognizes inner mitochondrial membrane in routinely processed (formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded) tissue by light microscopic immurtohisiochemistry. In ten normal brains, the range of immunoreactivity in various cell types and locations was defined. The most intense staining was observed in Purkinje cells, in neurons of cranial nerve nuclei, pons and substantia nigra, as well as in choroid plexus epithelial cells. By comparison with this control group, one case of primary mitochondrial encephalomyopathy exhibited increased staining of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle ceils, choroid plexus epithelial cells, and neurons of various locations. Scattered ragged‐red fibres were heavily Labelled in one case of mitochondrial myopathy, while ten muscles without mitochondriopathy were left unstained. Our method is able to detect accumulations of mitochondria and increases in mitochondrial cristae density. It could prove useful for diferential diagnosis of routine biopsy material and for clarification of cell types involved in mitochondrial cytopathies.
Intra‐ocular transplantation of carcinoid tumours from Mastomys and humans
Authors: Nilsson Ola , Bilchik Anton J. , Adrian Thomas E. , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCarcinoid tumours from man and Mastomys (Praomys) natalensis produce a variety of peptide hormones. The study of these peptide‐secreting tumours has been difficult because of the small amount of tissue available and because of limitations with present cell culture systems. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental model where carcinoid tumours could be maintained and their hormone secretion studied. The intra‐ocular transplantation technique was chosen for its simplicity and high rate of success. Gastric carcinoid tumours from mastomys (n=4) and human carcinoids (n = 2) (one bronchial and one ileal) were transplanted to the anterior eye chamber of SpragueDawley rats. Pieces of fresh tumour tissue were injected into the anterior eye chamber of rats and allowed to grow for 4–8 weeks. Rats transplanted with human tissue were immunosuppressed by daily injections with cyclosporin A (20 mg/kg). Eye chambers were inspected regularly and plasma from transplanted rats was collected for assay of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon. Vascularization of transplants occurred within 1–2 days after transplantation in 70–80 per cent of all experiments. Microscopic analysis of transplants demonstrated a rich supply of blood vessels to tumour cells which contained characteristic neurosecretory granules. Transplanted rats had significantly (P<0.05) elevated levels of PYY (44–165 pmol/1) and glucagon (67–162 pmol/l) in plasma as compared with sham‐operated rats (PYY 28–40 pmol/1, glucagon 33–40 pmol/l), indicating that hormone secretion by tumour cells in oculo was maintained. Thus, carcinoid tumours from mastomys and humans can be grown in the anterior eye chamber of rats with preserved endocrine activity. The transplantation model may prove to be useful in the study of tumour cell bioactivity and prediction of therapeutic efficacy.
Adhesions, focal sclerosis, protein crescents, and capsular lesions in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Van Damme B. , Tardanico R. , Vanrenterghem Y. , Desmet V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAll biopsies of membranous glomerulopathy collected between 1965 and 1988 (n=198) were examined for the presence of adhesions, focal sclerosis, protein crescents, capsular drops, and other capsular lesions. These were observed with a frequency related to the number of glomeruli in the biopsy and the number of sections examined. A peculiar interrelation between these lesions was found. In the 63 cases with sufficient clinical follow‐up, the capsular lesions were associated with a lower incidence of remission of the disease, and with more proteinuria and a higher serum creatinine at the last follow‐up. It is hypothesized that focal detachment of podocytes may result in the formation of a protein crescent if a plasma‐like filtrate is ‘injected’ between the epithelium of Bowman's capsule and its basement membrane. The detachment of the epithelium may lead to focal sclerosis and the formation of adhesions. The capsular drop is thought to be a final stage of inspissation of the protein crescent.
Age‐related changes in metallothionein, copper, copper‐associated protein, and lipofuscin in human liver: A histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Fuller Clare E. , Elmes Margaret E. , Jasani Bharat 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe relationship between immunohistochemically demonstrable hepatic metallothionein (MT) and age was studied in histologically normal livers from 12 fetuses (13–28 weeks' gestation) and 19 children (birth‐4 years). In addition, the relationships between copper (rubeanic acid‐positive), copper‐associated protein (orcein‐positive), lipofuscin (periodic acid Schiff after diastase digestion and Schmorls‐positive), and MT (immunostaining) were studied. The fetal livers showed periportal and patchy mid‐zone copper‐associated protein and lipofuscin granules, together with strong diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear MT immunostaining. On the other hand, the livers of the children over 6 months of age showed no copper‐associated protein or lipofuscin granules, and minimal or no cytoplasmic MT immunostaining (one case showed nuclear MT immunostaining). The DPAS and Schmorls‐positive lipofuscin granules appeared to be identical to the orcein‐positive copper‐associated protein granules which were consistently negative on MT immunostaining. The demonstration of cytoplasmic granular orcein positivity or diffuse non‐granular MT immunostaining in liver above the age of 6 months would appear to be of pathological significance.
Ribosome‐lamella complexes observed in an epstein‐barr virus‐producing B‐cell line, infected with human T‐lymphotropic virus type I
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Yano Shoki , Kubonishi Ichiro , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Sonobe Hiroshi , Iwata Jun , Furihata Mutsuo , Hikita Tomonori , Wakiguchi Hiroshi , Kurashige Takanobu , Miyoshi Isao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCo‐cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from a 4‐year‐old boy with infectious mononucleosis, with a human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV‐I)‐producing T‐cell line resulted in the establishment of an HTLV‐I infected Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐producing B‐cell line. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of ribosome‐lamella complexes (RLCs), in a small proportion of long‐term cultured cells. Evidence is presented of continuity between RLC and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and in some instances there was also an intimate relationship with tubuloreticular structures. The findings support the view that RLC is derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and also provide further evidence of the non‐specific nature of RLC in relation to cell type.
Identification and distribution of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in ventricular myocardium of humans with myocardial infarction
Authors: Takemura Genzou , Fujiwara Hisayoshi , Yoshida Hirotsugu , Mukoyama Masashi , Saito Yoshihiko , Nakao Kazuwa , Fujiwara Takako , Uegaito Takashi , Imura Hiroo , Kawai Chuichi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in the ventricles of human hearts with myocardial infarction (MI) was studied immunohistochemically. Immunoreactive myocytes were identified in the ventricular tissues of all of 16 hearts with old MI (both with and without heart failure) and in all five hearts with subacute MI, but not in any of the eight hearts without MI nor in the five with acute MI. In the nonfailing hearts with MI, ANP positive myocytes surrounded the areas of infarction, and were also seen in the subendocardium of the infarcted segment. In the failing hearts with MI, ANP expression was noted in the whole ventricular subendocardial region, in addition to the border of infarcts. The sites of ANP expression corresponded well to those of marked stress attributable to tissue shrinkage or fibrosis due to MI, haemodynamic overload, or both. It thus appears that ANP expression is augmented in human hearts with MI regardless of the presence or absence of heart failure, and it is suggested that regional mechanical stress on the ventricular myocardium, as well as haemodynamic overload, may be very closely associated with ventricular ANP expression.
Malignant haemangiopericytoma of lung: A cell culture and ultrastructural study
Authors: Yang Hang , Liu Hung Chang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMalignant haemangiopericytoma was grown in vitro to assess the histogenesis of the tumour. Disaggregated tumour cells maintained in serum‐supplemented Waymouth's MB 752/1 medium showed monolayers of homogeneous spindle cells. Post‐confluent cultures exhibited hillocks or plaques of multilayer growth within which considerable amount of basal lamina‐like material and fibrillar matrix were present between cells. Delicate basal laminae were also expressed on cell surfaces facing matrix material. Other consistent features were attenuated cytoplasmic processes, desmosome‐like junctions, abnormal mitochondria and a paucity of intracellular filaments. The three‐dimensional organization of tumour cells with concomitant expression of differentiated phenotype in vitro has significant implications on the cell of origin and differentiation process of haemangiopericytoma.
DNA analysis by flow cytometry in malignant pleural mesothelioma: Relationship to histology and survival
Authors: Dazzi H. , Thatcher N. , Hasleton P. S. , Chatterjee A. K. , Lawson R. A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a retrospective study of 70 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, 168 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumour specimens were examined for DNA content by flow cytometry. In 20 patients where two or more blocks of the same tumour were available, there was considerable agreement between ploidy status and S‐phase percentage in the different specimens.There were no significant differences for survival for patients who had been exposed to asbestos and those in whom no exposure could be elicited, nor for aneuploid and diploid tumours. The S‐phase content was examined for different areas of the same tumour and the percentages were largely in agreement. However, those patients who had tumours with an S‐phase percentage greater than the median (6 per cent) had a significantly shorter survival than those with tumours of lower S‐phase percentage. Differences in DNA content and other cell cycle parameters were not associated with the histological subtypes.
Histopathological changes in simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Baskerville A. , Ramsay A. , Cranage M. P. , Cook N. , Cook R. W. , Dennis M. J. , Greenaway P. J. , Kitchin P. A. , Stott E. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histological lesions were studied in seven rhesus and three cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus for periods ranging from nine weeks to 18 months. Lymphoreticular changes included hyperplasia, follicular involution and depletion, and one animal had amyloidosis of the spleen. Hyperplastic changes also took place in mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and infiltrations occurred in the vaginal mucosa of one animal, which could be significant in sexual transmission of the infection. The range of opportunistic infections was small compared with that in human AIDS patients, although two monkeys had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Enterocolitis was a common finding and brown adipose tissue was transformed into a large vacuolated type. Lesions of the central nervous system were found in five of nine monkeys, and consisted of foci of glial activity and perivascular and meningeal lymphocytic infiltration. A lymphoma involving the lumbar spinal cord developed in one animal.
Silicone plastinated pathology specimens and their teaching potential
Authors: Dawson Timothy P. , James Ryk S. , Williams Geraint T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPlastination is a process of tissue preservation by impregnation with silicone polymers or epoxy resins. The resulting specimens are dry, odourless, durable, life‐like, non‐hazardous, maintenance‐free, and do not deteriorate with time. The technique may be easily mastered by those with a basic knowledge of histology laboratory practice. A small‐scale system is relatively inexpensive to establish and specimens are comparable in cost to traditional ‘pots’.Plastinated specimens are a useful adjunct to the teaching of pathology, anatomy, radiology, and surgery, and are particularly suited to use in small groups. They are much preferred to conventional ‘pots’ by both students and teachers owing to their accessibility, superior illustrative powers, and comparative ease of interpretation.
In situ and slot hybridization analysis of RNA in colorectal tumours and normal colon shows distinct distributions of mitochondrial sequences
Authors: Chester K. A. , Robson L. , Begent R. H. J. , Pringle H. , Primrose L. , Talbot I. C. , Macpherson A. J. S. , Owen S. L. , Boxer G. , Malcolm A. D. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractcDNA clones of mRNAs with an abnormal abundance in familial adenomatous polyposis were used to examine the levels and distribution of the mRNAs in tissues from 15 patients with colorectal cancer. Of 12 cloned sequences studied by slot hybridization, one was substantially reduced in tumours compared with normal tissue. Sequence analysis showed this to code for IgA. In situ hybridization was consistent with slot hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Two mitochondrially encoded sequences had distinct distributions detected by in situ hybridization but did not have detectable quantitative differences in whole tumour or mucosa extracts.
Determinants of glomerular cross‐sectional area
Authors: Newbold K. M. , Howie A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method of measurement of glomerular cross‐sectional area was applied to 267 renal biopsies from 19 groups of patients with well‐defined pathological and clinical conditions. There was a correlation between the mean glomerular area for each group and the percentage of global sclerosis in each group. A few groups had glomeruli that were larger than would be expected from their percentage of global sclerosis, probably due to cellular proliferation and/or infiltration. A few groups had glomeruli that were smaller than would be expected from their percentage of global sclerosis, probably due to ischaemic shrinkage. These observations indicate that as well as the known influence of body size on the glomerular area, the number of functioning glomeruli in the body has an important effect on the glomerular area.
Grading of superficial antral gastritis: Comparison of cell‐counting and photographic‐based methods
Authors: Collins J. S. A. , Watt P. C. H. , Hamilton P. W. , Sloan J. M. , Love A. H. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA cell‐counting technique and a photographic‐based scoring system for assessing inflammatory cell infiltration were compared for agreement in 275 endoscopic gastric antral biopsies from 55 dyspeptic patients. Each biopsy was independently scored 0–5 for polymorphs and mononuclear cells using both methods, and a mean score was derived for each patient. There was a highly significant correlation between the mean patient scores obtained using each method (P < 0·001). Agreement statistics showed that the mean score difference (cell‐counting minus photographic score) was negative for polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, indicating that the photographic method yielded higher mean patient scores. Scatterplots of difference versus mean by the two methods showed that only 3·6 per cent of scores fell outside ±2 SD of the mean difference. The use of standard photomicrographs to grade superficial antral gastritis therefore provides accurate results, comparable to those obtained by cell counting, yet is a faster and much cheaper technique.
Monoclonal antibodies to cultured human glomerular mesangial cells. I. Reactivity with haematopoietic cells and normal kidney sections
Authors: Stewart Keith N. , Roy‐Chaudhury Prabir , Lumsden Lynne , Jones Michael C. , Brown Paul A. J. , Macleod Alison M. , Haites Neva E. , Simpson John G. , Power David A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies to cultured human glomerular mesangial cells in order to obtain specific markers for these cells and to aid the study of their function. Using standard monoclonal antibody techniques, 29 hybridomas producing antibodies directed to cultured mesangial cells were obtained. Most of these antibodies were not reactive with normal or neoplastic haematopoietic cell lines by flow cytometry. Fourteen of the 29 culture supernatants bound to various components of normal human kidney sections stained by the alkaline phosphatase/anti‐alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Ten of these supernatants reacted with components within the glomerulus, with six binding to the mesangium. These studies suggest that (1) mesangial cells in culture may show significant de‐differentiation, because most supernatants which reacted with mesangial cells in culture did not do so in tissue sections: (2) antibodies reactive with haematopoietic cells may not detect the majority of immunogenic surface antigens on cells in tissues; and (3) some of the antibodies which we have produced may prove to be useful markers for mesangial cells in glomerular disease.
Expression of chromogranin a mRNA in small cell carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Hamid Q. , Corrin B. , Sheppard M. N. , Huttner W. B. , Polak J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChromogranin A (CgA) is the most specific neuroendocrine marker but in small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) CgA immunoreactivity cannot always be detected, possibly owing to poor granularity. The localization of CgA mRNA could be a more useful indicator of CgA synthesis in SCCL. We have therefore studied the expression of CgA mRNA in SCCL, using in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis, comparing it with CgA immunoreactivity. The expression of CgA mRNA and immunoreactivity in other types of lung tumours was also investigated. Freshly fixed, surgically resected SCCL (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 10), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10), large cell carcinoma (n = 5), and primary lymphoma (n = 2) were examined. Weak immunoreactivity to CgA was seen in one SCCL but all five strongly expressed CgA mRNA. The specificity of the in situ hybridization signal and the probe was confirmed by the use of a sense probe and Northern blot analysis. Non‐SCCLs were negative for both CgA mRNA and immunoreactivity. This study provides evidence for CgA synthesis in SCCL and confirms the specificity of CgA for neuroendocrine differentiation. In situ hybridization appears to be a very useful tool for investigating the nature of tumour cells, especially in the absence of the end product of the gene transcript.
Detection of Epstein–Barr virus antigens and DNA in major and minor salivary glands using immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction: Possible relationship with Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Deacon E. M. , Matthews J. B. , Potts A. J. C. , Hamburger J. , Bevan I. S. , Young L. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study has investigated the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in parotid (n = 12), submandibular (n = 15), and minor salivary glands (n = 25) using immunohistochemical methods for detection of EBV‐encoded antigens and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of viral DNA. Major salivary glands were from patients without connective tissue disease. Labial glands were from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 8), or from normal individuals (n = 7). None of the glands exhibited specific reactivity for lytic (EA‐D, EA‐R, VCA) or latent (EBNA‐2, LMP) viral antigens. Antibodies to EA‐D, when used at 20–50 times their optimal concentration, gave lumenal staining of ducts and acini of all the specimens tested (n = 14), irrespective of the presence (n = 8) or absence (n = 6) of EBV‐DNA by PCR. Ductal immunoreactivity for the EBV/C3d (CR2, CD21) receptor was found in 40 per cent of specimens. PCR detected EBV‐DNA in 64 per cent submandibular, 46 per cent parotid, and 80 per cent of minor glands. There were no significant differences in the detection of EBV‐DNA between specimen/patient groups. Only type A EBV was detected by strain typing PCR. These results indicate that EBV (type A), undetected immunocytochemically, is commonly present at low copy numbers within salivary glands irrespective of a clinical diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome.
Cell adhesion and epithelial differentiation
Authors: Fleming Stewart 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe differentiated function of epithelial tissues is dependent on the molecules which mediate the cohesion and polarization of the epithelium. Separate molecular families are responsible for the adhesion between adjacent cells and the adhesion beween cells and the substratum. Using the kidney as a model of epithelial differentiation it has been shown that the assembly of a basal lamina containing the glycoprotein laminin and cadherin mediated intercellular adhesion are key events. The Wilms' tumour anti‐oncogene plays a regulatory role in renal epithelial differentiation. Tissue modelling and tumour formation are both accompanied by reduced cell adhesion molecule function.
Potential antigen‐presenting cells in normal extraocular muscles demonstrated with double immunoenzyme staining
Authors: Schmidt E. D. , Das P. K. , van Der Gaag R. , Tigges A. J. , van Der Loos C. M. , Koornneef L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAntigen‐presenting cells are of crucial importance for the initiation and regulation of regional immune responses. In a previous study, indirect morphological evidence that morphologically normal human orbital tissues contain HLA‐DR‐positive macrophages, which may represent antigen‐presenting cells, has ben obtained. In the present study, these cells were characterized in detail using double immunoenzyme staining techniques with monoclonal antibodies directed against several well‐characterized monocyte/macrophage markers and against HLA‐DR gene products. The orbital muscular tissues appear to contain numerous HLA‐DR, monocyte/macrophage marker double‐stained cells, which are considered to be potential antigen‐presenting cells. The cells are widely distributed in the connective tissue of all the orbital muscular tissues studied and consist of several subsets with different phenotypes. Furthermore, site‐specific differences were shown between recti muscles and the levator/Müller's muscles with respect to the distribution of HLA‐DR and one monocyte/macrophage marker (OKM5). Many of the orbital antigen‐presenting cells appear to be of the dendritic type and are considered to be of major importance in regulating local orbital immunity.
Expression of different cytokeratin subclasses in human chordoma
Authors: Heikinheimo Kristina , Persson Stellan , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Morgan Peter R. , Virtanen Ismo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA detailed immunohistochemical characterization of different cytokeratin subclasses was performed on frozen tumour tissue from three classical chordomas. Simple epithelium cytokeratins Nos 8, 18, and 19 were detected in all tumour cells while cytokeratin No. 7 was not found. Cytokeratins characteristic of squamous differentiation, including keratinization, were generally lacking, with the exception of the varying expression of cytokeratin No. 4. Vimentin was found in all the tumours, while they lacked desmin immunoreactivity. The present study indicates the co‐expression of vimentin and cytokeratins, predominantly of the simple epithelium type. In addition, chordoma cells have the ability to express cytokeratins characteristic of squamous differentiation. This finding corresponds well to the electron microscopic findings of tonofilament bundles ending in well‐developed desmosomes.