bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of artificial‐intelligence‐assisted automated cardiac biometrics in prenatal screening for coarctation of aorta
Authors: Taksøe‐Vester C. A. , Mikolaj K. , Petersen O. B. B. , Vejlstrup N. G. , Christensen A. N. , Feragen A. , Nielsen M. , Svendsen M. B. S. , Tolsgaard M. G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough remarkable strides have been made in fetal medicine and the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease, around 60% of newborns with isolated coarctation of the aorta (CoA) are not identified prior to birth. The prenatal detection of CoA has been shown to have a notable impact on survival rates of affected infants. To this end, implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in fetal ultrasound may represent a groundbreaking advance. We aimed to investigate whether the use of automated cardiac biometric measurements with AI during the 18–22‐week anomaly scan would enhance the identification of fetuses that are at risk of developing CoA.MethodsWe developed an AI model capable of identifying standard cardiac planes and conducting automated cardiac biometric measurements. Our data consisted of pregnancy ultrasound image and outcome data spanning from 2008 to 2018 and collected from four distinct regions in Denmark. Cases with a postnatal diagnosis of CoA were paired with healthy controls in a ratio of 1:100 and matched for gestational age within 2 days. Cardiac biometrics obtained from the four‐chamber and three‐vessel views were included in a logistic regression‐based prediction model. To assess its predictive capabilities, we assessed sensitivity and specificity on receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsAt the 18–22‐week scan, the right ventricle (RV) area and length, left ventricle (LV) diameter and the ratios of RV/LV areas and main pulmonary artery/ascending aorta diameters showed significant differences, with Z‐scores above 0.7, when comparing subjects with a postnatal diagnosis of CoA (n = 73) and healthy controls (n = 7300). Using logistic regression and backward feature selection, our prediction model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.96 and a specificity of 88.9% at a sensitivity of 90.4%.ConclusionsThe integration of AI technology with automated cardiac biometric measurements obtained during the 18–22‐week anomaly scan has the potential to enhance substantially the performance of screening for fetal CoA and subsequently the detection rate of CoA. Future research should clarify how AI technology can be used to aid in the screening and detection of congenital heart anomalies to improve neonatal outcomes. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Moonshots and the New Industrial Policy: Questioning the Mission Economy
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Sandström Christian , Stenkula Mikael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe notion that society should be organized around large so-called missions has gained momentum in public debate, and the reemergence of active industrial policy across the world has been inspired by academic scholars promoting the idea of mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs). Besides this introductory chapter, this collective volume consists of 16 chapters distributed across 3 overarching themes: theoretical perspectives, empirical evidence, and alternative paths. The volume provides a comprehensive assessment and normative critique of the efficacy of such policies. In addition to summing up the main findings in the 16 chapters, this introduction provides some additional analysis, pins down the most important general conclusions, and suggests future research questions. Today’s economies are highly dependent on a well-functioning process of decentralized experimentation, selection, and screening. Instead of large-scale MOIPs, governments should strive to create an institutional framework that levels the playing field for potential entrepreneurs while encouraging productive entrepreneurship.
The Cost of Missions: Lessons from Brazilian Shipbuilding
Authors: Alves André Cherubini 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the challenges of implementing mission-oriented policies (MOPs) in developing countries, with a particular emphasis on the Brazilian shipbuilding sector. The aim is to analyze the difficulties associated with setting MOPs and their impact on market creation and innovation. Despite the implementation of comprehensive institutional arrangements to foster technological and industrial development, the sector’s progress has been hindered by coordination uncertainties and high capability-building costs. The policies initially provided a boost, but the industry ultimately failed to catch up with international competitors. The article highlights the blurred boundary between policy expectations for market creation and the practical limitations of building a thriving industry.
You Can’t Develop What You Don’t Know: The Realities and Limitations of Foreign Aid Missions
Authors: Waldron Kathryn , Coyne Christopher J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMariana Mazzucato argues that capitalism needs to be rebuilt around private-public partnered “missions.” To facilitate these missions, Mazzucato provides seven pillars to serve as guidelines. Using Mazzucato’s pillars, we critically review US government efforts to develop the local economy and establish new political institutions through foreign aid. We analyze the successfulness of these “missions” by assessing government officials’ ability to overcome the “knowledge problem” and “political economy problems.” We conclude that Mazzucato’s pillars are unlikely to be satisfied due to these dual problems.
A Public Choice Perspective on Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies and the Behavior of Government Agencies
Authors: Björnemalm Rickard , Sandström Christian , Åkesson Nelly 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMission-oriented innovation policies put government and state agencies at the forefront of the innovation process. Currently, little is known about the interests of the government agencies in charge of implementing mission-oriented innovation policies. In this chapter, we set out to explore the incentives and behavior of such government agencies. We do so by analyzing 33 annual reports from three government agencies in charge of implementing innovation policies in Sweden over a 10-year period: Sweden’s Innovation Agency (Vinnova), the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten), and the Swedish Agency for Regional and Economic Growth (Tillväxtverket). First, we track all cases in these annual reports where an evaluation is mentioned. Identifying 654 instances, we subsequently make a sentiment analysis and code whether these statements are positive, neutral, or negative. Our findings show that 84% of these instances are positive, 12% are neutral, and 4% are negative. Second, we relate these results to more critical evaluations and show that these agencies often ignore research that generates more critical results. In sum, our results suggest that government agencies in charge of implementing mission-oriented policies benefit from the enlarged role they are given and that they act according to their own self-interest.
Bottom-Up Policies Trump Top-Down Missions
Authors: Henrekson Magnus , Stenkula Mikael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMission-oriented innovation policies are becoming increasingly popular among policymakers and scholars. We maintain that these policies are based on an overly mechanistic view of innovation and economic growth, suggesting that a more bottom-up approach is called for. By invoking an entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective, we point out that innovative entrepreneurship requires many other actors—besides the entrepreneur—whose skills and abilities are necessary to realize an entrepreneurial project. When mission-oriented policies play a large role in the economy, connections between actors in the ecosystem risk becoming distorted. An efficient and well-balanced entrepreneurial ecosystem requires instead an institutional framework that levels the playing field for potential entrepreneurs and encourages productive entrepreneurship. To promote this kind of system, we discuss in more detail eight key areas where appropriate horizontal or bottom-up policy measures can foster innovation and, in the end, the welfare-enhancing productive entrepreneurship policymakers and scholars strive for.
The State of the Entrepreneurial State: Empirical Evidence of Mission-Led Innovation Projects around the Globe
Authors: Batbaatar Maral , Larsson Johan P. , Sandström Christian , Wennberg Karl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter reviews theoretical rationales for mission-oriented innovation policy and provides an empirical overview of extant 28 papers and 49 cases on the topic. We synthetize varieties of mission formulations, actors involved, and characteristics of missions described as more or less failed or successful. Fifty-nine percent of the studied missions are still ongoing, 33 percent are considered successful, and 8 percent as failures. Sixty-seven percent of the studied missions have taken place in Europe, 24 percent in North America, and 8 percent in Asia. The majority of innovation projects referred to as missions do not fulfill the criteria defined by the OECD. Results suggest that missions related to technological or agricultural innovations are more often successful than broader types of missions aimed at social or ecological challenges. Challenges regarding the governance and evaluation of missions remain unresolved in the literature. We find no case that contains a cost-benefit analysis or takes opportunity cost into account.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer: Approach to Staging and Surveillance
Authors: Kang Heejun , Kennedy Tabassum A. , Yu Eugene 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter addresses the rising global burden of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC), a heterogeneous group of cancers in the upper aerodigestive tract. We focus on the pivotal role of imaging modalities like CT, MRI, PET/CT, and US in the early detection, accurate staging, and management of HNSCC. The discussion includes the nuances of TNM staging, key upstaging features, and the evolving role of advanced imaging techniques such as MR/PET. The chapter highlights significant updates in the AJCC/UICC eighth edition, particularly concerning HPV-related cancers and the depth of invasion in oral cavity SCC. Special attention is given to the challenges in diagnosing Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary (NCUP), underlining the importance of integrated imaging, clinical exam, and molecular markers. Overall, the chapter emphasizes the essential role of radiologists in the comprehensive management of HNSCC, combining imaging insights with clinical findings for optimal patient care.
Masses in and Around the Spine
Authors: Vandevenne Jan E. , Kastler Adrian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe anatomical spaces in and around the spine encompass the paraspinal compartment, the vertebral compartment and the epidural compartment. Tumors in these compartments may easily spread via adipose corridors, direct contact or hematogenous pathways. Classifications such as the Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini, SINS, and ESCC or Bilsky score are used to grade these tumors. Imaging features of main tumoral and pseudotumoral masses are described and shown in this review. Detection of masses beyond the spine and even beyond the paraspinal space can be of utmost importance and examples are shown why radiologists should avoid tunnel view into the spinal canal.
Gravitational dark matter from minimal preheating
Authors: Zhang Ruopeng , Zheng Sibo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Following our previous work, we continue to explore gravitational dark matter production during the minimal preheating caused by inflaton self-resonance. In this situation there is only one dimensionless index parameter n characterizing the inflation potential after the end of inflation, which leads to a robust prediction on the gravitational dark matter relic abundance. Using lattice method to handle the non-perturbative evolutions of relevant quantities during the inflaton self-resonance, we derive the gravitational dark matter relic abundance arising from both the inflaton condensate and fluctuation annihilation. While being absent in the large gravitational dark matter mass range for n = 2, the former one can instead dominate over the later one for n = 4, 6. Our results show that gravitational dark matter mass of 1.04 (2.66) × 1014 GeV accommodates the observed value of dark matter relic abundance for n = 4 (6).
Dynamical actions and q-representation theory for double-scaled SYK
Authors: Blommaert Andreas , Mertens Thomas G. , Yao Shunyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We show that DSSYK amplitudes are reproduced by considering the quantum mechanics of a constrained particle on the quantum group SUq(1, 1). We construct its left-and right-regular representations, and show that the representation matrices reproduce two-sided wavefunctions and correlation functions of DSSYK. We then construct a dynamical action and path integral for a particle on SUq(1, 1), whose quantization reproduces the aforementioned representation theory. By imposing boundary conditions or constraining the system we find the q-analog of the Schwarzian and Liouville boundary path integral descriptions. This lays the technical groundwork for identifying the gravitational bulk description of DSSYK. We find evidence the theory in question is a sine dilaton gravity, which interestingly is capable of describing both AdS and dS quantum gravity.
Do means-tested childcare subsidies discourage work?
Authors: Vattø Trine Engh , Østbakken Kjersti Misje 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe examine how means-tested childcare subsidies affect parental labor supply. Using the introduction of reduced childcare prices for low-income families in Norway in 2015, we show that these subsidies may have the unintended effect of discouraging work rather than promoting employment. First, structural labor supply simulations suggest that a negative parental labor supply effect dominates, ex ante. Ex post, we find a small and insignificant effect of means-tested childcare subsidies on parental labor supply in the reform year. We find no statistically significant bunching around the income limits in subsequent years, but we do find negative labor supply effects in subsequent expansions of the reform. Our results suggest that in a context where both parental employment and participation in formal childcare are high, means-tested childcare subsidies may have unintended parental labor supply effects.
On the distribution of modular square roots of primes
Authors: Shkredov Ilya D. , Shparlinski Igor E. , Zaharescu Alexandru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe use recent bounds on bilinear sums with modular square roots to study the distribution of solutions to congruences $$x^2 \equiv p \pmod q$$

x
2

≡
p

(
mod

q
)

with primes $$p\leqslant P$$

p
⩽
P

and $$q \leqslant Q$$

q
⩽
Q

. This can be considered as a combined scenario of Duke, Friedlander and Iwaniec with averaging only over the modulus q and of Dunn, Kerr, Shparlinski and Zaharescu with averaging only over p.
3-Manifolds and VOA Characters
Authors: Cheng Miranda C. N. , Chun Sungbong , Feigin Boris , Ferrari Francesca , Gukov Sergei , Harrison Sarah M. , Passaro Davide 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBy studying the properties of q-series $$\widehat{Z}$$

Z
^

-invariants, we develop a dictionary between 3-manifolds and vertex algebras. In particular, we generalize previously known entries in this dictionary to Lie groups of higher rank, to 3-manifolds with toral boundaries, and to BPS partition functions with line operators. This provides a new physical realization of logarithmic vertex algebras in the framework of the 3d-3d correspondence and opens new avenues for their future study. For example, we illustrate how invoking a knot-quiver correspondence for $$\widehat{Z}$$

Z
^

-invariants leads to many infinite families of new fermionic formulae for VOA characters.
Predicting hematoma expansion in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: integrating clinical factors with a multitask deep learning model for non-contrast head CT
Authors: Lee Hyochul , Lee Junhyeok , Jang Joon , Hwang Inpyeong , Choi Kyu Sung , Park Jung Hyun , Chung Jin Wook , Choi Seung Hong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To predict hematoma growth in intracerebral hemorrhage patients by combining clinical findings with non-contrast CT imaging features analyzed through deep learning.

Methods
Three models were developed to predict hematoma expansion (HE) in 572 patients. We utilized multi-task learning for both hematoma segmentation and prediction of expansion: the Image-to-HE model processed hematoma slices, extracting features and computing a normalized DL score for HE prediction. The Clinical-to-HE model utilized multivariate logistic regression on clinical variables. The Integrated-to-HE model combined image-derived and clinical data. Significant clinical variables were selected using forward selection in logistic regression. The two models incorporating clinical variables were statistically validated.

Results
For hematoma detection, the diagnostic performance of the developed multi-task model was excellent (AUC, 0.99). For expansion prediction, three models were evaluated for predicting HE. The Image-to-HE model achieved an accuracy of 67.3%, sensitivity of 81.0%, specificity of 64.0%, and an AUC of 0.76. The Clinical-to-HE model registered an accuracy of 74.8%, sensitivity of 81.0%, specificity of 73.3%, and an AUC of 0.81. The Integrated-to-HE model, merging both image and clinical data, excelled with an accuracy of 81.3%, sensitivity of 76.2%, specificity of 82.6%, and an AUC of 0.83. The Integrated-to-HE model, aligning closest to the diagonal line and indicating the highest level of calibration, showcases superior performance in predicting HE outcomes among the three models.

Conclusion
The integration of clinical findings with non-contrast CT imaging features analyzed through deep learning showed the potential for improving the prediction of HE in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients.
Multicentric evaluation of high and low power lasers on RIRS success using propensity score analysis
Authors: Erol Eren , Ecer Gokhan , Kiremit Murat Can , Gokce Mehmet İlker , Balasar Mehmet , Sarikaya Ahmet Furkan , Babayigit Muammer , Karaarslan Umut Can , Aksoy Elif Ipek , Sarica Kemal , Ahmed Kamran , Güven Selçuk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of HPL on different parameters by different centers and urologists. While doing this, we evaluated different parameters by comparing HPL(High Power laser) and LPL(Low-power laser). This is an observational, retrospective, comparative, multicentric study of prospectively organised database. A total of 217 patients who underwent RIRS for kidney stones smaller than 2 cm in three different centers were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups; LPL used (Group1, n:121 patients) and HPL used (Group2, n:96). Propensity score matching was done in the data analysis part. After matching, a total of 192 patients, 96 patients in both groups, were evaluated. There was no difference between the groups regarding age, gender, stone side, and stone location. The stone-free rate on the first day was 80.3% in Group 1, it was 78.1% in Group 2 (p = 0.9). In the third month, it was 90.7% in Group 1 and 87.5% in Group 2 (p:0.7).Hospitalization duration was significantly higher in Group 1. (2.35 ± 2.27 days vs. 1.42 ± 1.10 days; p < 0.001).The operation duration was 88.70 ± 29.72 min in Group1 and 66.17 ± 41.02 min in Group2 (p < 0.001). The fluoroscopy time (FT) was 90.73 ± 4.79 s in Group 1 and 50.78 ± 5.64 s in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Complications according to Clavien Classification, were similar between the groups(p > 0.05). According to our study similar SFR and complication rates were found with HPL and LPL. In addition, patients who used HPL had lower operation time, hospital stay, and fluoroscopy time than the LPL group. Although high-power lasers are expensive in terms of cost, they affect many parameters and strengthen the hand of urologists thanks to the wide energy and frequency range they offer.
Police service district planning
Authors: Vlćek Tobias , Haase Knut , Fliedner Malte , Cors Tobias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe propose a new framework to address the territory design problem of emergency services in collaboration with two police authorities in Europe. Our framework serves as a strategic decision support system to assess different districting layouts, department locations, staffing decisions and dispatching strategies. First, we introduce a novel modification of the p-median problem with a combined approach to the contiguity and compactness of district layouts solvable by a commercial solver. Second, we utilize a new discrete event simulation that accounts for the variability of spatial and temporal incident patterns and driving times to evaluate the district layouts according to several criteria based upon up to 1.8 million historical incidents. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed district layouts can lead to a reduction of the response time by up to 14.52% while also lowering the dispatch time, the overall driving time, and the number of unanswered calls for service. Additionally, we examine the computational complexity of optimally locating district centers and analyze the more restricted problem of optimally reassigning districts to fixed district centers.
Validity and reliability of measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation during the 6-Minute Walk Test in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Elkjær Amanda Lynggaard , Næser Esben Uggerby , Aaen Katja Thorup , Hovgaard Henrik Lynge , Juhl-Olsen Peter , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Søndergaard Klaus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) using the fingers may have important limitations due to Raynaud’s phenomenon and sclerodactyly in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Sensors located at more central body positions may be more accurate as these as less prone to Raynaud attacks. To determine the validity and reliability of the SpO2 measured at the finger, forehead, and earlobe during the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Eighty two patients with SSc had an arterial line placed while performing the 6MWT. Peripheral oxygen saturation was simultaneously measured by finger, forehead, and earlobe sensors and compared to the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) measured before and after the 6MWT. 40 patients repeated the 6MWT one week later to determine re-test reliability. We used Bland–Altman plots to display the agreement between SpO2 and SaO2. The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeated measurement of minimum SpO2 was calculated. The mean difference between SpO2 and SaO2 after the 6MWT was − 3% (SD: ± 5), 0% (SD: ± 2), and 1% (SD: ± 2) for the finger, forehead, and earlobe, respectively. The minimum SpO2 measured at the finger demonstrated the poorest re-test reliability: The ICC (95% CI) showed good agreement using the ear and forehead probe (ICCear = 0.89 [95% CI 0.80; 0.94]; ICCforehead = 0.77 [95% CI 0.60; 0.87]), while a modest reliability was found using the finger probe (ICCfinger = 0.65 95% CI [0.43; 0.80]). SpO2 should be measured using either the earlobe or forehead during the 6MWT in patients with SSc. Clinical Trials.Gov (NCT04650659).