bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐eddy simulation of plume dispersion in a turbulent boundary layer flow generated by a dynamically controlled recycling method
Authors: Nakayama Hiromasa , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen conducting large‐eddy simulations (LESs) of plume dispersion in the atmosphere, crucial issue is to prescribe time‐dependent turbulent inflow data. Therefore, several techniques for driving LESs have been proposed. For example, in the original recycling (OR) method developed by Kataoka and Mizuno (Wind and Structures, 2002, 5, 379–392), a mean wind profile is prescribed at the inlet boundary, the only fluctuating components extracted at the downstream position are recycled to the inlet boundary. Although the basic turbulence characteristics are reproduced with a short development section, it is difficult to generate target turbulent fluctuations consistent with realistic atmospheric turbulence. In this study, we proposed a dynamically controlled recycling (DCR) method that is a simple extension of the OR procedure. In this method, the magnitude of turbulent fluctuations is dynamically controlled to match with the target turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flow using a turbulence enhancement coefficient based on the ratio of the target turbulence statistics to the computed ones. When compared to the recommended data of Engineering Science Data Unit (ESDU) 85020, the turbulence characteristics generated by our proposed method were quantitatively reproduced well. Furthermore, the spanwise and vertical plume spreads were also simulated well. It is concluded that the DCR method successfully simulates plume dispersion in neutral TBL flows.
Meta‐analysis reveals differential gene expression in tetralogy of Fallot versus controls
Authors: Voskamp Sarah Mae , Hammonds Maya Alexis , Knapp Thomas M. , Pekmezian Ashley L. , Hadley Dexter , Nelson Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect in the United States. We aimed to identify genetic variations associated with TOF using meta‐analysis of publicly available digital samples to spotlight targets for prevention, screening, and treatment strategies.MethodsWe used the Search Tag Analyze Resource for Gene Expression Omnibus (STARGEO) platform to identify 39 TOF and 19 non‐TOF right ventricle tissue samples from microarray data and identified upregulated and downregulated genes. Associated gene expression data were analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis and restricted to genes with a statistically significant (p < .05) difference and an absolute experimental log ratio >0.1 between disease and control samples.ResultsOur analysis identified 220 genes whose expression profiles were significantly altered in TOF vs. non‐TOF samples. The most striking differences identified in gene expression included genes FBXO32, PTGES, MYL12a, and NR2F2. Some top associated canonical pathways included adrenergic signaling, estrogen receptor signaling, and the role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy. In general, genes involved in adaptive, defensive, and reparative cardiovascular responses showed altered expression in TOF vs. non‐TOF samples.ConclusionsWe introduced the interpretation of open “big data” using the STARGEO platform to define robust genomic signatures of congenital heart disease pathology of TOF. Overall, our meta‐analysis results indicated increased metabolism, inflammation, and altered gene expression in TOF patients. Estrogen receptor signaling and the role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy represent unique pathways upregulated in TOF patients and are potential targets for future pharmacologic treatments.
A comparative study of spinal cord compression management in metastatic prostate cancer: Teaching versus non‐teaching hospitals in the United States
Authors: Yazdanpanah Omid , Mahadevan Aditya , Sharma Aditi , Benjamin David J. , Kalebasty Arash Rezazadeh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord compression (SCC) in metastatic prostate cancer (MPC) is a critical complication and multiple factors influence the optimal therapeutic strategy. We investigated the differences in practice patterns between teaching hospitals (TH) and non‐teaching hospitals (NTH) across the United States.MethodUsing the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS), we performed a retrospective study on hospitalizations with MPC and SCC between 2016 and 2020 in US. We compared demographic factors, comorbidities, treatment modalities, duration of hospitalization, financial expenditures, and mortality between TH and NTH. We also examined the patients' characteristics and outcomes in TH and NTH based on their chosen therapeutic strategy.ResultsWe identified 11,380 admissions with metastatic prostate cancer and SCC; 9610 in TH and 1770 in NTH. The median cost of hospitalization was $21,922 in TH and $15,141 in NTH. Although the median age and Charlson comorbidity score did not differ between two groups, patients in TH were more likely to receive intervention (radiation or surgery) compared to NTH (Surgery: 28.2% in TH vs. 23.0% in NTH & Radiation: 12.1% in TH vs. 8.2% in NTH). Mortality was lower in TH than NTH (4.5% vs. 7.9%). In both TH and NTH, a higher proportion of patients with private insurance underwent surgery (TH: Surgery 25.1% vs. Radiation 18.8% & NTH: Surgery 27.0% vs. 6.9%). Black patients were more likely to receive radiation than surgery in TH (34.2% vs. 26.8%).ConclusionThis study showed a greater percentage of patients underwent surgical intervention at TH compared to NTH. Additionally, the type of insurance and racial background were associated with distinctive treatment approaches.
Reduction in rancidity development in fortified whole‐grain maize meal by hot‐air drying of the grain
Authors: Taylor John R. N. , de Kock Henriëtte L. , Makule Edna , Hamaker Bruce R. , Milani Peiman 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveMaize is the major staple in sub‐Saharan Africa. Whole‐grain maize meal (WGMM) is highly susceptible to rancidity development. This work investigated whether rancidity development in micronutrient‐fortified WGMM is retarded by drying the grain of safe moisture content to below this level using a commercial hot‐air grain dryer before milling.FindingsFat acidity (hydrolytic rancidity measure) of WGMM from maize dried to 11.6% moisture and stored for 47 days at 40°C was only 61% of meal from the undried grain control (13.3% moisture). Peroxide value (oxidative rancidity measure) was only 53%. With the exception of riboflavin, there was no reduction in fortificant micronutrients during meal storage. Descriptive sensory evaluation indicated greater similarity to the control for stored maize meal and its stiff porridge from dried maize than for meal and porridge from undried maize.ConclusionsDrying maize grain to 11.6% moisture substantially retards rancidity development in fortified WGMM development, probably by inactivating the grain's lipase and oxidative enzymes, providing a shelf life of at least 20 weeks at 25°C.Significance and NoveltyThis simple process to extend the shelf life of whole‐grain maize meal is implementable by any mill with access to a hot‐air grain dryer.
Formation and Reactivity of heavy Group 14‐15 bonds
Authors: Dollberg Kevin , Marx Anna , Richter Roman‐Malte , Erlemeier Lukas , Dunaj Tobias , Weigend Florian , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA series of low‐valent Group 14–15 compounds were obtained starting from [(Dipp2NacNac)MCl] (M=Ge‐Pb) (I–III) (Dipp2NacNac=HC{C(Me)N(Dipp)}2) and M'E(SiMe3)2 (M’=Li, E=As; M’=K, E=Sb, Bi) (IV–VI). In the course of this investigations we were able to fully characterize all permutations except Pb−Bi for compounds of the composition [(Dipp2NacNac)ME(SiMe3)2] (1E: M=Ge, 2E: M=Sn, 3E: M=Pb). Thus, we report the first low valent tetrelene with Sn−Bi bond. All isolated compounds, were examined by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and except compound 1As by X‐ray structure analysis. Moreover, were examined UV‐Vis spectroscopy and investigated the reactivity of these compounds towards different substrates in more detail. Starting with the compound [(Dipp2NacNac)SnAs(SiMe3)2] (2As), the reaction with red selenium yields [(Dipp2NacNac)Sn−Se‐As(SiMe3)2] (4) which exhibits a Sn−Se−As chain.
An Electrochemical Oxo‐amination of 2H‐Indazoles: Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Indazolylindazolones
Authors: Mondal Koushik , Ghosh Payel , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe have established a supporting‐electrolyte free electrochemical method for the synthesis of indazolylindazolones through oxygen reduction reaction (eORR) induced 1,3‐oxo‐amination of 2H‐indazoles where 2H‐indazole is used as both aminating agent as well as the precursor of indazolone. Moreover, we have merged indazolone and indazole to get unsymmetrical indazolylindazolones through direct electrochemical cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). This exogenous metal‐, oxidant‐ and catalyst‐free protocol delivered a number of multi‐functionalized products with high tolerance of diverse functional groups.
Spin qubits of Cu(II) doped in Zn(II) metal–organic frameworks above microsecond phase memory time
Authors: Wakizaka Masanori , Gupta Shraddha , Wan Qingyun , Takaishi Shinya , Noro Honoka , Sato Kazunobu , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWith the aim of creating Cu(II) spin qubits in a rigid metal–organic framework (MOF), this work demonstrates a doping of 5 %, 2 %, 1 %, and 0.1 % mol of Cu(II) ions into a perovskite‐type MOF [CH6N3][ZnII(HCOO)3]. The presence of dopant Cu(II) sites are confirmed with anisotropic g‐factors (gx=2.07, gy=2.12, and gz=2.44) in the S=1/2 system by experimentally and theoretically. Magnetic dynamics indicate the occurrence of a slow magnetic relaxation via the direct and Raman processes under an applied field, with a relaxation time (τ) of 3.5 ms (5 % Cu), 9.2 ms (2 % Cu), and 15 ms (1 % Cu) at 1.8 K. Furthermore, pulse‐ESR spectroscopy reveals spin qubit properties with a spin‐spin relaxation (phase memory) time (T2) of 0.21 μs (2 %Cu), 0.39 μs (1 %Cu), and 3.0 μs (0.1 %Cu) at 10 K as well as Rabi oscillation between MS=±1/2 spin sublevels. T2 above microsecond is achieved for the first time in the Cu(II)‐doped MOFs. It can be observed at submicrosecond around 50 K. These spin relaxations are very sensitive to the magnetic dipole interactions relating with cross‐relaxation between the Cu(II) sites and can be tuned by adjusting the dopant concentration.
Treatment adherence in retinoblastoma: A retro‐prospective cohort study in Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Lukamba Robert Mbuli , Budiongo Aléine Nzazi , Monga Ben Bondo , Yao Atteby , Bey Pierre , Chenge Gabrielle Borasisi , Desjardins Laurence , Doz François , Mwembo Albert Tambwe , Kabesha Théophille Amani , Luboya Oscar Numbi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn high‐income countries, retinoblastoma is curable in more than 95% of cases, whereas in low‐income countries, mortality remains high, especially when the diagnosis is made late or the treatment is discontinued.AimsTo determine the factors associated with adherence to the treatment of retinoblastoma in the Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Methods and ResultsA retro‐prospective cohort study was carried out. Data were collected from patient folders and follow‐up records of parents.ResultsA total of 175 children with retinoblastoma were registered from January 2013 to December 2015. Seventy‐six children (43%) were 5 years old and above. Care costs were covered by families in 86.9% of cases. Chemotherapy refusal was recorded in 39 cases (22.3%), and enucleation refusal was recorded in 79 cases (45.1%). After 36 months of follow‐up, we recorded 16.6% deaths, 27.4% treatment dropouts, and 18.3% loss to follow‐up after treatment. The commonest cause for enucleation refusal was fear of infirmity, while chemotherapy refusal and absconding treatment were due to financial constraints.ConclusionPoor adherence to retinoblastoma management was due to financial constraints, and a lack of knowledge of the disease and its treatment. Family psychosocial support is needed to improve this condition.
Characterization of circulatingmiRNAsin the treatment of primary liver tumors
Authors: Umezu Tomohiro , Tanaka Shogo , Kubo Shoji , Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Ochiya Takahiro , Taguchi Y.‐H. , Kuroda Masahiko , Murakami Yoshiki 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and AimCirculating micro RNAs (miRNAs) indicate clinical pathologies such as inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether miRNA expression level patterns in could be used to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC), and the relationship miRNA expression patterns and cancer etiology.MethodsPatients with HCC and BTC with indications for surgery were selected for the study. Total RNA was extracted from the extracellular vesicle (EV)‐rich fraction of the serum and analyzed using Toray miRNA microarray. Samples were divided into two cohorts in order of collection, the first 85 HCC were analyzed using a microarray based on miRBase ver.2.0 (hereafter v20 cohort), and the second 177 HCC and 43 BTC were analyzed using a microarray based on miRBase ver.21 (hereafter v21 cohort).ResultsUsing miRNA expression patterns, we found that HCC and BTC could be identified with an area under curve (AUC) 0.754 (v21 cohort). Patients with anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment (SVR‐HCC) and without antiviral treatment (HCV‐HCC) could be distinguished by an AUC 0.811 (v20 cohort) and AUC 0.798 (v21 cohort), respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, we could diagnose primary hepatic malignant tumor using miRNA expression patterns. Moreover, the difference of miRNA expression in SVR‐HCC and HCV‐HCC can be important information for enclosing cases that are prone to carcinogenesis after being cured with antiviral agents, but also for uncovering the mechanism for some carcinogenic potential remains even after persistent virus infection has disappeared.
When, Where and Why Boron Prefers Boron to Nitrogen
Authors: Kozuch Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBoron is the archetypal Lewis acid, and therefore it is only natural that it prefers to bind nitrogen, its usual Lewis base counterpart. To challenge this assumption, we present a computationally designed bicyclopentane molecule akin to [1.1.1]propellane, but with pyramidal B and N inner atoms bonded by an “inverted” dative bond. Unexpectedly, the dimer of this system prefers to interact via an atypical boron‐boron bond over the supposedly obvious boron‐nitrogen bond. A molecular orbital analysis shows that the boron in this peculiar entity acts both as an electron donor and an electron acceptor, making the dimerization an amphoteric‐amphoteric interaction process.
A strategy for the detection of benzodiazepine drugs using low‐resolution paper‐spray mass spectrometry for harm reduction drug checking
Authors: Miskulin Allie , Wallace Bruce , Gill Chris , Hore Dennis 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ability to detect newly emerging substances is of great importance in reducing harms for people who use drugs. New psychoactive substances including novel benzodiazepines in the illicit drug supply have been linked to high rates of overdose deaths while complicating drug checking as an overdose prevention strategy. Paper‐spray mass spectrometry (PS‐MS) has emerged as a novel strategy to rapidly detect trace components in street drug samples. While targeted, low‐resolution PS‐MS methods have proven effective, newly emerging substances are often missed. To address this, a method was applied to low‐resolution full‐scan PS‐MS data to aid in the early detection and identification of novel benzodiazepines in the unregulated drug supply. Using the developed method, true positives rates of 0.89 and 0.75 were achieved for bromazolam and etizolam in street samples obtained in a community drug checking service. The applicability of the method was further demonstrated for a novel benzodiazepine, desalkylgidazepam, that has recently emerged in the illicit drug supply.
On frequency‐domain estimation of increase in design yield force levels of SDOF structures due to multiplicity of earthquake events
Authors: Naqvi Arshil A. , Gupta Vinay K. , Das Sandip 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe current earthquake design philosophy based on only the most critical earthquake may prove inadequate when the smaller events occurring before this event cause significant damage to the structure and repairs become infeasible. The design force levels may therefore be raised using the modified design force ratio, defined as the ratio of the yield force level for a specified damage level under all the seismic events to the yield force level for the same damage level under only the most critical event. This study considers the updating of the existing frequency‐based approach, using the power spectral density function (PSDF)‐based characterization of design ground motion, for the estimation of modified design force ratio spectrum. First, an empirical expression developed in the companion paper for modifying the damping of the equivalent linear oscillator is used such that the use of the PSDF compatible with 5%‐damping response spectrum leads to correct peak response, even when the equivalent damping ratio exceeds 5%. Next, the frequency‐domain design force ratio estimates are benchmarked in the case of steel and reinforced concrete oscillators by comparing those with the time‐domain estimates of equivalent Bouc–Wen oscillators over various sequences of events and by suitably adjusting the stiffness degradation parameter. It is shown in the case of a hypothetical seismic scenario that the optimal values of this parameter as 2.0 and 1.7 work well for the steel structures and reinforced concrete structures with high stiffness degradation respectively. Also, the proposed approach needs to be improved further for applicability in the case of reinforced concrete structures exhibiting significant pinching behavior.
Analytical plasticity‐based model for soil–structure interaction of lumped system on heterogeneous soil media
Authors: Bahuguna Ashish , Firoj Mohd 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the present study, an analytical approach is developed for the soil–structure interaction for the linear, eq. linear and elastic‐perfectly plastic layered soil strata. The amplification factor is calculated at the top of a lumped structure incorporating layered soil, foundation, and super‐structure deformation. The equation of motion of the system under the normalized earthquake excitation is solved using the direct integration method. MATLAB script is developed to carry out the parametric study, and nonlinear time history analysis is performed. The present methodology is compared with the finite element model (FEM), which shows good agreement. The computational time is much less than the FEM method. A parametric study is carried out in terms of soil heterogeneity, mass ratio, slenderness ratio, excitation frequency, and material model. The results indicate that due to the heterogeneity of the soil, the response of the structure is increased significantly; with the increase in the mass ratio, the amplification factor decreases with excitation frequency up to resonance, and the effect of mass ratio is negligible at the higher frequency range; with the increase in slenderness ratio, the amplification factor increases up to resonance, however, at higher frequency ranges there is no effect of slenderness ratio.
CNN‐based damage detection of buildings from wave propagation between two adjacent floors
Authors: Zhang Aijia , Wang Xin , Dang Ji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStructural damages are expected to be detected from the changes in shear‐wave propagation in the vertical direction of the building. In the previous study, we constructed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to recognize the changes in impulse responses at the inter‐floor with the virtual source at the top. However, it is difficult to tell the exact damaged stories, because it contains the information of all the stories between the virtual source and the receiver. In this study, to perform the story‐by‐story damage detection, wave propagation between two adjacent floors was proposed. The virtual source of the impulse response was changed from the top floor to the determined inter‐floor of the building. By recognizing the changes in the wavefield between the determined floor where the virtual source is located and its upper and lower adjacent floor, damages between two adjacent stories can be identified. The CNN model was used to automatically recognize the changes in the visualized impulse responses over time and validated using the data of a shake‐table test on a one‐third scaled 18‐story steel frame building.
An efficient and accurate fragility approach for seismic performance assessment of structures
Authors: Pang Yutao , Wei Kai , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Shengbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn seismic risk assessment of bridges, developing fragility function is a fundamental step to characterize the structural vulnerability, which is usually derived based on the relationship between the engineering demand parameter (EDP) and intensity measure (IM). The EDP‐IM relationships are generally developed through three approaches, namely Cloud analysis (Cloud), incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), and multiple strip analysis (MSA). It is known that the Cloud method is computationally efficient while the IDA and MSA can provide the accurate fragility estimates. Thus, the present paper proposes an efficient and accurate fragility (EAF) approach which has similar computational demand as Cloud but keeps the same level of accuracy as IDA or MSA. In this proposed EAF procedure, the nonlinear time‐history responses at the intensifying duration of ground motions were used to develop the EDP‐IM curves. And these EDP‐IM curves are accurate enough to replace the IDA curves in developing fragility curves. To illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed EAF method, two typical bridges (a two‐span single‐frame bridge and a single‐pylon cable‐stayed bridge) were selected and modeled in OpenSees and employed as case studies. By comparing the fragility estimates of these bridges to IDA and MSA, it is demonstrated that the proposed EAF approach leads to reliable fragility results, while has similar computational time as Cloud.
Statistical evaluation of a long‐memory process using the generalized entropic value‐at‐risk
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Yoshioka Yumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe modeling and identification of time series data with a long memory are important in various fields. The streamflow discharge is one such example that can be reasonably described as an aggregated stochastic process of randomized affine processes where the probability measure, we call it reversion measure, for the randomization is not directly observable. Accurate identification of the reversion measure is critical because of its omnipresence in the aggregated stochastic process. However, the modeling accuracy is commonly limited by the available real‐world data. We resolve this issue by proposing the novel upper and lower bounds of a statistic of interest subject to ambiguity of the reversion measure. Here, we use the Tsallis value‐at‐risk (TsVaR) as a convex risk functional to generalize the widely used entropic value‐at‐risk (EVaR) as a sharp statistical indicator. We demonstrate that the EVaR cannot be used for evaluating key statistics, such as mean and variance, of the streamflow discharge due to the blowup of some exponential integrand. We theoretically show that the TsVaR can avoid this issue because it requires only the existence of some polynomial moment, not exponential moment. As a demonstration, we apply the semi‐implicit gradient descent method to calculate the TsVaR and corresponding Radon–Nikodym derivative for time series data of actual streamflow discharges in mountainous river environments.