bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clouds
Authors: Revermann Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Who says that intellectuals are not funny? It does not mean falling prey to the rhetoric of the revised parabasis to call Clouds bold in its theme and sophisticated in its theatrical realization. The challenge of materializing on stage the world of ideas and concepts is met by subjecting props, costume, and proxemics to radical ‘Socratization ‘. In fact, no major theatrical resource or sign system, linguistic and paralinguistic codes included, is spared being affected, ultimately, by ‘Socratism ‘, a medley of notions derived from both Socratic idiosyncrasies and a variety of other contemporary intellectual trends. Failure of the comic ‘hero ‘ Strepsiades to cope with ‘Socratism ‘ provides ample opportunity for hilarious stage business. Visual codes loom large: pallor, bare feet, and undonning the cloak acquire symbolic value.
Lysistrata
Authors: Revermann Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most visually obscene Aristophanic comedy is at the same time one of the theatrically most sophisticated. The use of space is crucial: the (rare) Acropolis setting becomes both domesticated and sexualized, denoting a public household and the female body at the same time. This way, the two plots (occupation and sex strike) are focalized and intertwined in a single locale which becomes the locus of reconciliation. The play ‘s heroine, remarkably exempt from many of the gender stereotypes deployed by comedy, may evoke associations with the priestess of Athena Polias, with growing intensity in the course of the performance.
Wealth
Authors: Revermann Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Wealth has been called ‘deficient in the kind of sparkle that we like in the earlier plays ‘ on top of coming across as ‘clumsy in detail ‘.1 This underrated play, however, is of high quality for its subtle but effective and meaningful use of stage movements, its thoughtful deployment of costume and props—in a word, its understated yet powerful theatricality. The play ‘s most important conceptual feature is the fact that the utopian theme, the advent of the god of wealth, and its subsequent blessings for individuals and the community are themselves problematized without being rendered undesirable. This is achieved by sharply distinguishing between the presence of Wealth in the house of Chremylus (which does not automatically lead to Chremylus becoming rich) and Wealth regaining his vision (which does make Chremylus rich).
Livy’s Exemplary History
Authors: Chaplin Jane D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea that it is possible to learn from history is fascinating, but also complex. What exactly can you learn from the past? Does it repeat itself? If it does, how can you prevent repetition of evil and ensure repetition of good? Livy's History of Rome is all about people learning or failing to learn from the past, so in many ways his work is an extended exploration of this problem. In this book Dr Chaplin starts from Livy's programmatic claim that history offers examples of good and bad conduct. Where previous studies have focused on the meaning of exemplary episodes and characters in isolation, this treatment traces the way historical figures try to interpret the past to their advantage. In doing so, the book demonstrates Livy's awareness of the shifting relevance of history and argues that a narrative organized around exempla allowed Livy, poised between the collapse of the Republic and the foundation of the Empire, to make the Romans' past meaningful for their future.
Powers of Expression, Expressions of Power
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Can a speaker's words ever be faithfully reported? History, philosophy, ethnography, political theory, linguistics, and literary criticism all involve debates about discourse and representation. By drawing from Plato's theory of discourse, the lively analysis of speech presentation in this book provides a coherent and original contribution to these debates, and highlights the problems involved when speech becomes both the object and the medium of narrative representation. The opening chapters offer fresh insights on ideology, intertextuality, literary language, and historiography, and reveal important connections between them. These insights are then applied in specific critical treatments of - Virgil's Aeneid, of Petronius' Satyricon, and of scenes involving messengers and angels in classical and European epic. Throughout this study, ancient texts are discussed in conjunction with examples from later traditions. Overall, this book uses Latin literature to demonstrate the theoretical and ideological importance of speech presentation for a number of contemporary disciplines.
Fictions of Authority: Discourse and Epistemology in Historical Narrative
Authors: Laird Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Divisions between historical narrative-along with other forms of factual writing-and fictional narrative have never been hard and fast. Greek and Roman historiography, for example, corresponds to modern conceptions of literary writing. Ancient historians were steeped in the principles of rhetoric, and applied techniques of rhetorical invention to recount what could or might have happened. The tradition of sceptical historiography, which emerged in the early part of the twentieth century, is in some ,ways comparable. Benedetto Croce and R. G. Collingwood, in particular, presented history writing as a process of selection and interpretation by a historian who is entirely responsible for investing facts with their significance.
Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece: Seeking the Ancient Economy
Authors: Foxhall Lin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lin Foxhall explores the cultivation of the olive as an extended case study for understanding ancient Greek agriculture in its landscape, economic, social, and political settings. Evidence from written sources, archaeology, and visual images is assembled to focus on what was special about the cultivation and processing of the olive in classical and archaic Greece, and how and why these practices differed from Roman ones. This investigation opens up new ways of thinking about the economies of the archaic and classical Greek world.
Television
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is meant by an 'independent' television and press, and what affirmative role should any government have in the regulation of television? How do competing interest groups use media regulation to their advantage? What impact does television have on democratic values and the process of democracy itself? Television, the Public Sphere, and the National Identity focuses on these and other questions in a broad reinterpretation of television's role and influence on democratic societies in a time of increased globalization of the media. Monroe E. Price's lively and wide-ranging study is unique in developing a theory which covers media developments in both the United States and Europe, including the states of the post-Soviet transition (Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union). Examining the relationship between television and these societies, Price asks how the globalization of television affects the medium's impact on these nations and, indeed, on the survival of the nation state itself. The book also looks at the justifications and abuses that have arisen in television's regulation, and predicts the future role of TV in society.
Portraits of Coleridge
Authors: Paley Morton D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What do the portraits of a great poet tell us about his life, his image of himself, and the ideas of him held by his friends and his public? Portraits of Coleridge attempts to answer this question with respect to the author of `The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' and `Kubla Khan'. It also provides a critical and scholarly study of the portraits as works of art, considering the place of each in the career of the artist who produced it. All the life portraits are discussed in detail, catalogued, and (wherever there is an extant photograph) reproduced. As many verbal descriptions by contemporaries as possible are reprinted for the sake of comparison. A concluding essay on posthumous portraits of Coleridge considers how they reflect changes in the public's attitude toward their subject. Both a contribution to the biography of Coleridge and an essay in the history of literary and artistic taste, this book is for readers interested in English poetry, in Romantic portraiture, and in the relationship between literature and the visual arts.
Bel Acueil and the Improper Allegory of the Romance of the Rose
Authors: Gaunt Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his influential analysis of the Romance of the Rose, C. S. Lewis concluded that the text was a failure, albeit ‘a great failure’. Whereas Guillaume de Lorris was (for Lewis) a ‘good’ allegorist, Jean de Meun was insufficiently concerned to sustain the allegorical coherence of the dream narrative. Lewis’s first and main example of Jean’s disregard for the allegorical texture of Guillaume’s Rose is his treatment of the figure Bel Acueil, whom Guillaume leaves languishing in Jalousie’s prison, guarded by Male Bouche and La Vieille; in Jean’s continuation, Amant succeeds in sending him a present-a chaplet or woman’s headdress through the intermediary La Vieille, who lectures him at length on how women should handle their lovers, before bringing Amant and Bel Acueil together for a rhapsodic moment that is spoilt by Dangier’s inevitable arrival. Bel Acueil is, of course, a masculine figure. For Lewis, the idea that La Vieille should address her speech to a young man and that he should receive a present such as the chapletwith obvious delight (12697-705) is an ‘absurdity’: in his view ‘the allegory has broken down’ (All.egory, 140).
Introduction
Authors: Bowen John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
READERS HAVE IN Dickens’s work an embarrassment of riches, and if the lover of Shakespeare can feel justified in not knowing the finer points of Act Four of Cymbeline or not having the plot-twists of Two Gentlemen of Verona at his or her finger tips, so the reader of Dickens may well feel content with the familiar features of Great Expectations, Bleak House, Hard Times, Little Dorrit, and Our Mutual Friend. These are the most widely taught of Dickens’s works and those most familiar to the literary profession, if not to the common reader.
The Passmore Edwards Settlement: 1892-1900
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
NOT one person in a thousand entering what is now called Mary Ward House at 42 Queen Square, Holborn, knows who she was. Not one woman in a hundred thousand who gratefully drops her child off at the morning play- centre knows that this same Mary Ward founded the service which uniquely liberates the modern working mother. Of her more than any other Victorian novelist (excepting Anthony Trollope and his pillar boxes) may one say, if you want monuments look around you: not in the libraries, but in the London streets, any day of the working week.
Eleanor: 1900
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
UNLIKE the older Dickens or George Eliot, Mary Ward did not with years grow in artistic strength. 1900 sees the onset of a gradual decline which becomes precipitate after 1905 and vertical by 1913. There were a number of causes for the decline, most of them painfully obvious to the novelist herself. Her American, colonial, and British readerships remained gratifyingly loyal; but like her they were by 1900 middle-aged and losing cultural and economic power.
The Four Last Things in Dante and Chaucer: Ugolino in the House of Rumour
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The four last things, like the seven deadly sins or the five wits, were one of those standard numbered lists by which medieval apprehension of the world was organized. Death, Judgement, Hell, and Heaven were among the key things for humankind to bear in mind¬ even the most important, those ‘prinsepaly’ to be held in mind, as the quotation from the late medieval Sermonof Dead Men insists. There was a place kept within the liturgical cycle for a particular reminder of the Four Last Things, at Advent, the four weeks preceding the Nativity, and anagogically prefiguring the Second Coming. In particular, such words were spoken every second Sunday of Advent, the day on which preachers were instructed to speak on the second of the Four Last Things, Judgement itself. The Gospel lesson for the day was drawn from Luke 21: 25-33, ‘Erant signa in sole’:
Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans on the Early Modern Stage
Authors: Bly Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans looks at the early modern theatre through the lens of obscure and obscene puns--especially 'queer' puns, those that carry homoerotic resonances and speak to homoerotic desires. In particular, it resurrects the operations of a small boys' company known as the first Whitefriars, which performed for about nine months in 1607-8. As a group, the plays performed by this company exhibit an unusually dense array of bawdy puns, whose eroticism is extremely interesting, given that the focus of eros is the male body. The laughter recoverable from Whitefriars plays harnesses the pun's inherent doubleness to homoerotic pleasure; in these plays, 'the bawdy hand of the dial' is always 'on the pricke of noone'. Mary Bly's analysis depends on the nature of punning itself, and the inflections of language and the creativity that marked Whitefriars punsters, with special emphasis on the effect of puns on an audience. What happens to audience members who sit shoulder to shoulder and laugh at homoerotic quibbles? What is the effect of catching a queer pun's double meaning in a group rather than while alone? How can we characterize those auditors, within the convoluted, if fascinating, theories of erotic identity offered by queer theorists?
Slavery, Empathy And Pornography
Authors: Wood Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Slavery, Empathy, and Pornography considers the operations of slavery and of abolition propaganda on the thought and literature of English from the late-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. Incorporating materials ranging from canonical literatures to the lowest form of street publication, Marcus Wood writes from the conviction that slavery was, and still is, a dilemma for everyone in England, and seeks to explain why English society has constructed Atlantic slavery in the way it has. He takes on the works of canonic eighteenth- and nineteenth-century white authors which claimed, when written, to 'account' for slavery, and asks with some scepticism what kind of 'truth' they hold. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, chapters focus on the writings of the major Romantic poets, English Radicals William Cobbett and John Thelwall, the Surinam writings of John Stedman, the full range of slavery texts generated by Harriet Martineau, John Newton, and the social prophets Carlyle and Ruskin. Slavery, Empathy, and Pornography also contains a radical new critique of the operations of slavery within the work of Austen and Charlotte Brontë.
Iconoclasm and Bibliophobia in the English Reformations, 1521–1558
Authors: Cummings Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
September 1538 was a black letter month for the image in England. The Royal Injunctions of that month represented a radical new direction in religious policy. For the first time, officers of the parish were given instructions to take down images from their churches: ‘such feigned images as ye know of in any of your cures to be so abused with pilgrimages or offerings of anything made thereunto, ye shall, for avoiding that most detestable sin of idolatry, forthwith take down and delay’. In their zeal against ‘that most detestable sin of idolatry’, the new orders made iconoclasm an arm of the establishment rather than of its opposition. At the same time, as Margaret Aston has remarked, they employed arguments against images that had previously been associated with heresy.
Politics and Poetry Some Contexts and Problems for American Poetry of the Vietnam War
Authors: Chattarji Subarno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘The Idea of the nation is inseparable from its narration: that narration attempts, interminably, to constitute identity against difference, inside against outside, and in the assumed superiority of inside over outside, prepares against invasion and “enlightened” colonialism.’ Throughout its history America has narrated itself in terms of a paternalistic, messianic mission, the ‘City upon a hill’ that would be a beacon of hope for the world. This teleological narration constitutes a complex reality and is the site of immense contradictions. The contradictions arise out of the disjunction between rhetorical constructions (such as the desire to civilize the ‘savage’ Indian) and the actual barbarity of that process. Dominant foundational and national myths were largely successful in sustaining the momentum and coherence of American ideals such as freedom and democracy and, although there were dissenting voices (such as William James’s scathing comments on American imperialism in the Philippines) it was not until the Vietnam War that there was a serious attempt to question the elements comprising a seemingly coherent narrative.
Veteran Poetry Protest and Anguish—Bringing the War Home
Authors: Chattarji Subarno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an advertisement in the New York Times, on Sunday, 19 November 1967, an organization of ex-soldiers, Viet-Nam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), spoke out against US involvement in Vietnam. Although protests against the war had become a part of the political landscape, this was significantly different in that first-hand witnesses and participants declared their opposition to the war, and the state that waged it. Their authority in protest ‘carried the weight of tested patriotism, seeming to arise from the Vietnam conflict itself’. As the first paragraph of the statement declared,
We are veterans of the Viet-Nam war. We believe that this ‘conflict’ in which our country is now engaged in Viet-Nam is wrong, unjustifiable and contrary to the principle of self-determination on which this nation was founded⃛ We believe that our policy in Viet-Nam supports tyranny and denies democracy. We believe this because of our experiences in Viet-Nam. We know, because we have been there, that the American public has not been told the truth about the war or about Viet-Nam.
Being in Between: Iain Crichton Smith and Scottish Colonial History
Authors: Ryan Ray 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Mcilvanney’s Remedy is None, the incarceration of Charlie, by a Highland officer who ‘spoke for all men good and true’, is a mythic version of a civil conflict that peace can never end or redeem. The spatial barriers imprisoning Charlie within an exclusively Ayrshire identity are not simply empirical or derivative or mimetic; the available ‘internal’ epistemological space mirrors the geopolitical patterns in the ‘external’ world.
Gilbert Of Sempringham And The Gilbertine Order c. 1130–c. 1300
Authors: Golding Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most striking features of the twelfth-century Church was the growing desire of women for a greater role in the monastic life. Contemporary monastic reformers responded to his demand in various ways: some focused their appeal on women, others actively discouraged all contact; but all were agreed on the need to regularise religious life for women. In England this phenomenon is most clearly seen in the emergence of the Gilbertine order, founded by the Lincolnshire priest, Gilbert of Sempringham. The Gilbertines were the only native monastic order in medieval England, and were highly unusual in their provision for both nuns and canons. In the first full-scale study since 1902, Brian Golding provides a comprehensive account of the history of the order from its mid-twelfth century origins up to the early fourteenth century. His detailed analysis of the economy of the Gilbertines reveals much about monastic revenue and organization, and about the order's relations with their lay patrons and benefactors. Dr Golding goes on to show that by 1300 the Gilbertine experiment was largely dead. The founding ideals of a structure in which men and women could live in harmony and order had given way to male domination and the marginalization of the nuns. This stimulating and informative study will be essential reading for all historians of medieval monasticism.
Women Academics in England, 1870–1930
Authors: Perrone Fernanda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Women’s Work, a careers handbook for girls published in 1894, referred to the existence of a few teaching posts at the Oxford and Cambridge women’s colleges in the following way: ‘These are not well paid, and are chiefly attractive for the pleasant university life they afford’. Less than twenty years later, however, another handbook described university work as ‘a fascinating career for the keenly intellectual woman with a love of teaching. ‘ The change in emphasis between these two contemporary observations indicates that during the early twentieth century university teaching was gradually coming to be seen as a profession for the intellectually gifted woman.
The Middle Ages
Authors: Davis Charles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To the Middle Ages as a whole as well as to the Renaissance, Rome was the image of a common and glorious if sometimes disturbing past. This chapter will attempt to describe that image as it existed in the West before Petrarch’s reinterpretation of it. Excluding Byzantium and disregarding, except incidentally, the influence exerted by Rome’s physical, philosophical, legal, and literary remains, it will emphasize instead the extension of aspects of its past into contemporary institutions and political conceptions.
German History 1770-1866
Authors: Sheehan James J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This volume, in the Oxford History of Modern Europe series contains extensive accounts of social and cultural, as well as political developments in Germany from 1770-1866. Rather than viewing the creation of a Prussian-led Nation State, as 'natural' or inevitable, the book emphasizes alternative forces of unity and division which existed up until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
Prologue
Authors: Byron Reginald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Irish America is an amalgam of images drawn from Irish and American history and popular culture, the product of two worlds in two centuries: Irish nation-building in the old world in the nineteenth century, and American pluralism and multiculturalism in the new world in the twentieth century. Interpretations of the past have merged into the present and have come to colour our understandings of social memory, self-image, and ethnic identity among the current generations of Americans who are descended from Irish immigrant ancestors.
Over the Generations
Authors: Byron Reginald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Of the 500 people whom we interviewed, only a handful, all in their sixties, seventies, and eighties had grandparents who had been born in Ireland before 1854. The rest of our informants were one, two, or three further generations removed from the Great Famine, the epochal event that brought many of their ancestors to Albany. After a century and a half, no one is any longer able to ask living relatives about their first impressions of America, or about their lives in the old country. Those who emigrated may have grown up in Ireland; a time and place they would never forget. Others might have been brought to America as infants or young children and have had no lasting memories of Ireland.