bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NeuropsychBrainAge: A biomarker for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Garcia Condado Jorge , Cortes Jesus M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBrainAge models based on neuroimaging data have diagnostic classification power but have replicability issues due to site and patient variability. BrainAge models trained on neuropsychological tests could help distinguish stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) from progressive MCI (pMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSA linear regressor BrainAge model was trained on healthy controls using neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging features separately. The BrainAge delta, predicted age minus chronological age, was used to distinguish between sMCI and pMCI.RESULTSThe cross‐validated area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve for sMCI versus pMCI was 0.91 for neuropsychological features in contrast to 0.68 for neuroimaging features. The BrainAge delta was correlated with the time to conversion, the time taken for a pMCI subject to convert to AD.DISCUSSIONThe BrainAge delta from neuropsychological tests is a good biomarker to distinguish between sMCI and pMCI. Other neurological and psychiatric disorders could be studied using this strategy.Highlights
BrainAge models based on neuropsychological tests outperform models based on neuroimaging features when distinguishing between stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) from progressive MCI (pMCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
The combination of neuropsychological tests with neuroimaging features does not lead to an improvement in sMCI versus pMCI classification compared to using neuropsychological tests on their own.
BrainAge delta of both neuroimaging and neuropsychological models was correlated with the time to conversion, the time taken for a pMCI subject to convert to AD.
Mechanical responses of underground carriageway structures due to construction of metro tunnels beneath the existing structure: A case study
Authors: Han Xin , Ye Fei , Han Xingbo , Ren Chao , Song Jing , Zhao Ruliang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo understand the mechanical response pattern of the existing structure and ground due to the construction of metro tunnels underneath, the finite difference method is adopted to study the torsional deformation and stress variation of the existing structure and the effect of underground carriageway structures on the surface subsidence. The curves of the maximum differential subsidence, torsion angle, and distortion of the cross‐section of the existing structure show two peaks in succession during traversing of two metro tunnels beneath it. The torsion angle of the existing structure changes when the two tunnels traverse beneath it in opposite directions. The first traversing of the shield tunnel mainly induces the magnitude variation in torsional deformation of the existing structure, but the second traversing of the subsurface tunnel may cause a dynamic change in the magnitude and form of torsional deformation in the existing structure. The shielding effect can reduce the surface subsidence caused by metro tunnel excavation to a certain extent, and the development trend of subsidence becomes slower as the excavation continues.
The association between obesity with treatment duration, ICU length of stay and the risk of death in critically ill patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Attari Mohammad , Mousavi Mahdi , Shekari Soheila , Salimi Zahra , Rajabi Harsini Asma , Zeinolabedin Mobina , Barzkar Amin , Mahmoudi Zahra , Alami Farkhondeh , Dahka Samaneh Mirzaei , Gholami Somayeh , Rahvar Masoume , Pourtaleb Masoume , Khoshdooz Sara , Kalantari Naser , Doaei Saeid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the confirmed association between higher BMI with increased risk of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the association between obesity with mortality in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between obesity with treatment duration, ICU length of stay, and the risk of death in critically ill patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis case–control study was performed on 223 patients with COVID‐19 including 148 surviving patients as the control group and 75 eventually dead patients as the case group in Rasht, Iran. Data on demographic factors, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, the length of hospitalization and the mortality were obtained from patients' medical records.ResultsThe mortality rate was significantly associated with weight (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.002–1.083, p = .04), but not with BMI after adjustments for age, gender, length of stay in ICU, chronic diseases and smoking. The results did not change after further adjustments for biochemical and pathological factors.ConclusionsWeight was positively associated with mortality after controlling for confounding variables. Further studies should consider the patient's body composition such as fat mass to establish the relationship between obesity and COVID‐19 outcomes.
A Novel VW12 POMCPs with π‐π Stacking and Honeycomb 2D Network Structure Accommodated by MXenes as High‐Performance Supercapacitors Negative Electrode
Authors: Wang Siding , Wang Guangning , Pang Haijun , Wang Tianyang , Li Lu , Li Shaobin , Zhang Li , Chen Tingting 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe key to obtain supercapacitors with high energy density is rational design and synthesis of negative electrode materials. Herein, a new type of polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymer was prepared by one‐step hydrothermal method. Polymer 1 with honeycomb two‐dimensional network structure is beneficial to improve electrical conductivity and storage capacity because of its π‐π stacking interaction. Ti3C2Tx, an MXene material with excellent electrical conductivity, was mixed with compound 1, which has rich redox reactions. As expected, 1@Ti3C2Tx exhibited outstanding specific capacitance (768.7 F g−1 at 8 A g−1), which is superior to many materials. In addition, the hybrid material also showed good cycle stability (88.1 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles). This work provides an effective way to develop hybrid electrode materials based on polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymers as supercapacitors. In addition, using 1@Ti3C2Tx as the negative electrode material and celery leaf carbon paper as the positive electrode material, the asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated. When the power density is 629.7 W kg−1, the energy density is 9.2 Wh kg−1, which indicates that it has a good application prospect.
Development of the Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement on Propargylic Alcohols with Fluorinated Chains
Authors: Justaud Frédéric , Grée René 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement (MSR) is a challenging process for propargylic alcohols bearing fluorine atom(s) on their chains. Most classical reagents/catalysts failed to perform the MSR but, after extensive screening, we demonstrated that phosphomolybdic acid was the first efficient catalyst for the MSR with such derivatives. The scope and limitations have been studied, affording fluorine‐containing enones as useful intermediates for the synthesis of targets with fluorine(s) on their side chains. It was exemplified by the preparation of a 2‐piperidino‐pyrimidine and a pyrazole.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cascade Cyclization/Dearomatization Reaction to Access Selenylated Spirocyclohexadienones
Authors: Liu Yi , Liu Miao‐Chang , Zhou Yun‐Bing , Wu Hua‐Yue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free method is disclosed for the construction of selenylated spirocyclohexadienones via cascade cyclization/dearomatization reaction of aryl phenol‐tethered alkynes with diselenides. The high efficiency of this protocol was demonstrated by room temperature, simple reaction conditions, and the ability to enable a gram‐scale synthesis. The experiment results implied that the dearomatization process proceeded in a radical way.
Characteristics and assessment of the electricity consumption of metro systems: A case study of Tianjin, China
Authors: Yu Yanzhe , You Shijun , Ye Tianzhen , Wang Yaran , Guo Xingguo , Chen Wenhua , Liu Tianqi , Wei Shen , Na Yanling 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOwing to the complexity of metros, the energy consumption characteristics of metro systems exhibit variability and the energy‐saving management of the systems encounters challenges. To encapsulate the essential characteristics of energy usage and to objectively assess the energy performance of metro systems, this study presents a generalized framework and applies it to a case study conducted in Tianjin. The study also employs correlation analysis to investigate the applicability of the indicators relevant to ridership. The results indicate that the monthly traction electricity consumption exhibits slight variation, while station electricity usage demonstrates substantial fluctuation with seasonal changes. For Tianjin Metro, the passenger factor hardly shows any effect on the electricity use of metro lines. The median value of traction electricity use is approximately 2.0 kWh/(car‐km) and that of the average annual station electricity use of underground lines ranges from 95 to 155 kWh/m2. The emission from the traction sector is 12.2 kgCO2/(vehicle‐km) and from the station sector is 118.6 kgCO2/m2. The study also identifies the energy‐intensive lines of the Tianjin Metro and compares the energy utilization among various global metro systems. The authors hope that this study can help shed light on the assessment of the energy status of metro systems and serve as a source of information for other City‐Metros to implement energy‐saving management.
The neglected continuously emerging Marburg virus disease in Africa: A global public health threat
Authors: Srivastava Devang , Kutikuppala Lakshmi Venkata Simhachalam , Shanker Pooja , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Dash Rasmita , Kandi Venkataramana , Ansari Azaj , Mishra Snehasish , Desai Dhruv N. , Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Rabaan Ali A. , Kudrat‐E‐Zahan Md. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimSevere viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is caused by Marburg virus which is a member of the Filoviridae (filovirus) family. Many Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks are reported in five decades. A major notable outbreak with substantial reported cases of infections and deaths was in 2022 in Uganda. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported MVD outbreak in Ghana in July 2022 following the detection of two probable VHF patients there. Further, the virus was reported from two other African countries, the Equatorial Guinea (February 2023) and Tanzania (March 2023). There have been 35 deaths out of 40 reported cases in Equatorial Guinea, and six of the nine confirmed cases in Tanzania so far.MethodsData particularly on the several MVD outbreaks as reported from the African countries were searched on various databases including the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web‐of‐science. Also, the primary data and reports from health agencies like the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC) were evaluated and the efficacy reviewed.ResultsChiroptera in general and bat species like Rousettus aegyptiacus and Hipposideros caffer in particular are natural reservoirs of the Marburg virus. MVD‐infected nonhuman primate African fruit‐bat and the MVD‐infected humans pose significant risk in human infections. Cross‐border viral transmission and its potential further international ramification concerns raise the risk of its rapid spread and a potential outbreak. Occurrence of MVD is becoming more frequent in Africa with higher case fatality rates. Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to counter this deadly virus are suggested.ConclusionIn the face of the lack of effective therapeutics and preventives against MVD, supportive care is the only available option which contributes to the growing concern and disease severity. In view of the preventive approaches involving effective surveillance and monitoring system following the “One Health” model is extremely beneficial to ensure a healthy world for all, this article aims at emphasizing several MVD outbreaks, epidemiology, zoonosis of the virus, current treatment strategies, risk assessments, and the mitigation strategies against MVD.
Machine learning‐based models to predict the need for neurosurgical intervention after moderate traumatic brain injury
Authors: Habibzadeh Adrina , Khademolhosseini Sepehr , Kouhpayeh Amin , Niakan Amin , Asadi Mohammad Ali , Ghasemi Hadis , Tabrizi Reza , Taheri Reza , Khalili Hossein Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread global health issue with significant economic consequences. However, no existing model exists to predict the need for neurosurgical intervention in moderate TBI patients with positive initial computed tomography scans. This study determines the efficacy of machine learning (ML)‐based models in predicting the need for neurosurgical intervention.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients admitted to the neuro‐intensive care unit of Emtiaz Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, between January 2018 and December 2020. The most clinically important variables from patients that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected and used as predictors. We developed models using multilayer perceptron, random forest, support vector machines (SVM), and logistic regression. To evaluate the models, their F1‐score, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were assessed using a fourfold cross‐validation method.ResultsBased on predictive models, SVM showed the highest performance in predicting the need for neurosurgical intervention, with an F1‐score of 0.83, an area under curve of 0.93, sensitivity of 0.82, specificity of 0.84, a positive predictive value of 0.83, and a negative predictive value of 0.83.ConclusionThe use of ML‐based models as decision‐making tools can be effective in predicting with high accuracy whether neurosurgery will be necessary after moderate TBIs. These models may ultimately be used as decision‐support tools to evaluate early intervention in TBI patients.
Nano‐bioconvective anisotropic slip flow in anisotropic porous medium with Coriolis force effects
Authors: Khan W. A. , Uddin M. J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present paper examines the impact of the Coriolis force and anisotropic Darcian porous medium on the nonsteady convective flow of bio‐nanofluid along a three‐dimensional stretchable surface. The problem has applications in extrusion processes and the geographical movement of tectonic plates under a moveable ocean. Emphasis is placed on the combined effects of anisotropic porous medium, anisotropic momentum slip and temperature, and microorganism slips at the wall. The pertaining equations are condensed to a set of similarity equations before being simulated using the Keller‐box method, an efficient numerical technique. The study reveals that the friction factor along the y‐axis decreases as the rotation parameter increases. Moreover, the heat and nanoparticle volume fraction movement gradient decrease along the y‐axis when the Darcy number and stretching rate increase. However, these rates increase with a higher velocity slip. In addition, the density of microorganisms in the bio‐nanofluid decreases when there are higher levels of unsteadiness, rotation, and Darcy numbers, as well as with increased bioconvection parameters.
Mixed convection of transient MHD stagnation point flow over a stretching sheet with quadratic convection and thermal radiation
Authors: Balamurugan R. , Vanav Kumar A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of quadratic (nonlinear) convection in transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) combined convection over a two‐dimensional stretching sheet. It explores the effects of thermal radiation, suction, and heat sources or sinks. The Crank–Nicholson implicit finite difference method is employed for numerical computations. The significance lies in considering secondary convection, which is crucial in understanding nonlinear convective effects affecting flow and heat transfer properties. The study aims to advance our comprehension of how secondary convection impacts the overall system behavior. Through numerical calculations validated against existing literature, strong agreement is demonstrated. The study evaluates secondary convection effects, magnetic, buoyancy, gravitational parameters, Prandtl number, and radiation parameters. Notably, strong quadratic convection alters flow patterns, affecting velocity and temperature profiles. Moreover, it is observed that when increasing the nonlinear (quadratic) convective factors, the temperature profile increases for and decreases for . The prevalence of nonlinear or second‐order convection highlights magnetic dominance. In essence, this research enhances our understanding of complex convection interactions in MHD flow, shedding light on the role of secondary convection in shaping system behavior.
Examining the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers during COVID‐19 hospitalization and subsequent long‐COVID symptoms: A longitudinal and retrospective study
Authors: Sykes Dominic L. , Van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina M. , Holdsworth Luke , Hart Simon P. , O'Halloran Joseph , Holding Steve , Crooks Michael G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionLong‐COVID is a heterogeneous condition with a litany of physical and neuropsychiatric presentations and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Little is known about the association between inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the acute phase, and persistent symptoms after hospitalization in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsIL‐6, CRP, troponin‐T, and ferritin were analyzed at admission for all patients with COVID‐19 between September 1, 2020 to January 10, 2021. Survivors were followed up 3‐months following hospital discharge and were asked to report persistent symptoms they experienced. Admission data were retrospectively collected. Independent t‐tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed.ResultsIn a sample of 144 patients (62.5% male, mean Age 62 years [SD = 13.6]) followed up 3 months after hospital discharge, the commonest symptoms reported were fatigue (54.2%), breathlessness (52.8%), and sleep disturbance (37.5%). In this sample, admission levels of IL‐6, CRP and ferritin were elevated. However, those reporting myalgia, low mood, and anxiety at follow‐up had lower admission levels of IL‐6 (34.9 vs. 52.0 pg/mL, p = .043), CRP (83 vs. 105 mg/L, p = .048), and ferritin (357 vs. 568 ug/L, p = .01) respectively, compared with those who did not report these symptoms. Multivariate regression analysis showed that these associations were confounded by gender, as female patients had significantly lower levels of IL‐6 and ferritin on admission (29.5 vs. 56.1, p = .03 and 421.5 vs. 589, p = .001, respectively) and were more likely to report myalgia, low mood and anxiety, when compared to males.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that female patients present more often with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers on admission which are subsequently associated with long‐term post‐COVID symptoms, such as myalgia and anxiety, in those discharged from hospital with severe COVID‐19. Further research is needed into the role of serum biomarkers in post‐COVID prognostication.
Cine magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma arising from the inferior vena cava
Authors: Tobe Taisuke , Terakawa Tomoaki , Ueno Yoshiko , Sofue Keitaro , Hara Takuto , Furukawa Junya , Teishima Jun , Nakano Yuzo , Harada Kenichi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionLeiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is associated with poor prognosis. Complete resection is the only curative treatment. We present a patient with this disease in whom cine magnetic resonance imaging was valuable in selecting the surgical strategy and mitigating invasiveness.Case presentationA 68‐year‐old woman presented with right‐sided abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed an 86 mm tumor in the right retroperitoneal space that extended into the inferior vena cava and reached superiorly to the right atrium. Percutaneous needle biopsy confirmed leiomyosarcoma. Cine magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no adhesions between the tumor and the upper segment of inferior vena cava wall, nor with the right atrial wall, indicating resectability. Radical tumor resection was successfully performed without requiring thoracotomy.ConclusionCine magnetic resonance imaging appears to be useful in inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma for evaluating adhesions between the tumor and vessel wall.
Priorities for protected area expansion so nations can meet their Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework commitments
Authors: Watson James E. M. , Venegas‐Li Ruben , Grantham Hedley , Dudley Nigel , Stolton Sue , Rao Madhu , Woodley Stephen , Hockings Marc , Burkart Karl , Simmonds Jeremy S. , Sonter Laura J. , Sreekar Rachakonda , Possingham Hugh P. , Ward Michelle 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs part of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (K‐M GBF), signatory nations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aim to protect at least 30% of the planet by 2030 (Target 3). This bold ambition has been widely celebrated and its implementation seen as pivotal for the overall success of K‐M GBF. However, given that many CBD signatory nations prioritised quantity (e.g., area) over quality (e.g., important areas for biodiversity) when attempting to meet their 2010 CBD Aichi protected area commitments, it is critical that nations focus on protecting those terrestrial, inland waters and marine areas that have the best chance of halting and reversing biodiversity loss and thus contribute to Goal A of the K‐M GBF. Here we provide a review on the type of areas that nations need to prioritise when implementing Target 3 that relates to area ‘quality’: areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well‐connected and equitably governed systems. We show that data is available for 12 distinct biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service elements that can be mapped and, if conserved, will (with appropriate management) help meet the broad intention of Target 3. We highlight examples of the planning methods available that can be utilized so these areas can be targeted for protection. We discuss issues related to trade‐offs regarding how to prioritise amongst them as well as to operationalise some of the vaguer concepts like ‘representation’ and ‘ecosystem functions and services’ so that they achieve the best outcomes for biodiversity.