bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Special Issue: Learning Sign Languages as Additional Languages: Considering Language‐ and Modality‐Specific Factors
Authors: Rosen Russell S. , Quinto‐Pozos David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdditional language (L2/Ln) research largely focuses on learners whose first languages are spoken and who are learning additional spoken languages. In the past few decades, sign languages have become increasingly popular for hearing students in schools. These students must not only learn the vocabulary and grammar of sign languages but also manage a different modality (that is, the channels of production and reception of language) than their first language. This raises questions about the role of both language and modality in the L2/Ln learning of sign languages for non‐signers. In other cases, deaf and hearing signers of a sign language learn a different sign language, raising questions about L2/Ln learning in the signed modality. This Special Issue consists of empirical contributions and a conceptual review article that examine how language and modality shape the learning of sign languages as additional languages. Theoretical issues concerning learning a sign language as another language are discussed.
Performative Theodicy: Edith Stein and the Recovery of Lamentation
Authors: Nguyen Peter , Roddy Nicolae 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the context of contemporary mass atrocities and the search for justice, we offer a contemporary reading of the Book of Lamentations—a heartbreaking poem about a devastated city—through the witness of Edith Stein, a Jewish Catholic philosopher, educator, feminist, and Carmelite martyr of the Holocaust. Stein's own story of suffering gender and racial discrimination and her writings on empathy can help readers enter the world of Lamentations with compassion for those who bear the pain of acute injustice. In addition, her devotion in prayer and worship to the crucified and risen Christ as a Carmelite nun can help us find meaning in suffering. In her writings and witness, she teaches us that God's faithfulness does not abandon us to evil and that his unfailing love rescues us and transforms us into people of compassion and hope in the world.
Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser treatment for onychomycosis ‐ is it really effective? A prospective assessment for efficiency and factors contributing to response
Authors: Ramzy Batheesh , Emily Avitan‐Hersh , Jiryis Badi , Ziad Khamaysi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOnychomycosis is a highly prevalent and persistent nail disorder primarily caused by dermatophytes. The effectiveness of current topical and systemic antifungals is limited by the extent and severity of the infection, patient demographics and health status, hepatic toxicity, drug interactions and low compliance. Laser therapy is a promising modality for safe and cost‐effective removal of mycotic nail. This prospective study assessed the performance of a multi‐series long‐pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm regimen (30–40 J/cm2, 1 Hz) in the treatment of 213 mycotic nails in 31 patients. Pain and discomfort were scored at each treatment session and mycological and clinical cure rates were determined 3 months after the last treatment session. Patients presented with mostly severe (mean SCIO score: 21.9 ± 8.9), T. rubrum‐positive (87.1%) infections. Most (61%) had a family history of onychomycosis and a significant proportion had comorbidities, including hypertension (38.7%), hyperlipidemia (35.5%) and/or diabetes (12.9%). Treatment was well tolerated and there were no reports of nail deformity or burns. By 3 months post‐treatment, mycological cure was achieved by 4 (12.9%) and visual improvements were noted for 10 (32.3%) patients, including 3 (9.7%) with moderate to significant improvements. Clinical response correlated with baseline SCIO ≤ 20 (OR: 0.9 [0.13–6.52]), family history of onychomycosis (OR: 0.27 [0.04–1.50]) and comorbidities (OR: 0.44 [0.05–3.74]). In conclusion, Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser is safe and effective for the management of mild‐to‐moderate onychomycosis in diverse populations. Further studies will be necessary to adjust treatment parameters to patient and nail profiles and to determine the impact of combined laser and topical therapies.
Association between severity of dental caries and the risk of stroke
Authors: Ono Yukiko , Chou Yu‐Ching , Chien Wu‐Chien , Sun Chien‐An 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between dental caries and stroke remains inconclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate whether different severities of dental caries affect the risk of stroke.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using the 2000–2013 Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. We selected 23,662 patients with advanced/severe dental caries and 23,662 patients with incipient/moderate dental caries between 2000 and 2006. These patients were followed to the occurrence of stroke or to the end of the study in 2013. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from the Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to assess the association between severity of dental caries and the risk of stroke.ResultsThe advanced/severe dental caries group had a significantly higher risk of stroke compared with incipient/moderate dental caries group (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31). Stratified analyses showed that advanced/severe dental caries was positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke in patients aged ≥40 years and with the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in patients aged <40 years.ConclusionThere is a severity‐dependent association between dental caries and stroke in an Asian population.
Predictors of long‐term survival in Japanese patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillators (CRT‐D)
Authors: Sakaguchi Yuta , Izumi Daisuke , Wada Rhythm , Akagawa Rie , Suzuki Naomasa , Hakamata Takahiro , Ikami Yasuhiro , Hasegaw Yuki , Otsuki Sou , Yagihara Nobue , Iijima Kenichi , Inomata Takayuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundReports on the factors predicting long‐term survival of CRT‐D cases from Western countries are increasing, however, those from Asia including Japan are still sparse. We aimed to clarify the factors predicting long‐term survival of Japanese CRT‐D cases.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive 133 patients who underwent CRT‐D implantation between 2006 and 2021. We compared clinical factors between patients who died within 5 years after implantation (short‐survival group: n = 31) and who had survived for more than 5 years (long‐survival group: n = 36) after implantation.ResultsMajor underlying heart diseases were dilated cardiomyopathy (45%) and ischemic heart disease (12%). There was no difference between the short‐survival group and the long‐survival group in incidence of CLBBB (32% vs. 30%), whereas CRBBB was more common in the short‐survival group (26% vs. 0%, p = .004). Mechanical dyssynchrony at implantation was more frequent in the long‐survival group (48% vs. 78%, p = .02). The incidence of response to CRT at 1 year after implantation was higher in long‐survival group (19% vs. 50%, p = .02). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified NYHA class, mechanical dyssynchrony at implantation, and response at one year as predictors of long‐term survival.ConclusionsIn Japanese CRT‐D cases, lower NHYA class, preexisting mechanical dyssynchrony, and 1‐year response to CRT predict long‐term survival.
Can phrenic nerve injury be anticipated by larger cryoballoons?
Authors: Goto Kentaro , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Nishimura Takuro , Takamiya Tomomasa , Tao Susumu , Takigawa Masateru , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, a novel size‐adjustable cryoballoon has been introduced in clinical practice, which can be inflated to two different diameters (28 and 31 mm). The 31 mm cryoballoon is specifically designed to achieve better contact with remodeled pulmonary veins (PVs) that have wider ostia while avoiding deep cannulation, thereby potentially reducing the risk of phrenic nerve injury (PNI) associated with deep balloon cannulation. However, we encountered two cases of PNI during cryoballoon ablation using the novel system among our initial 25 consecutive case series. Herein, we present two cases that exhibited PNI during freezing of the right superior PV with a size‐adjustable balloon. While larger balloons are expected to create a larger area of isolation, the safety of this novel balloon system needs to be evaluated in a large‐scale clinical study.
A survey about the practice of regional anesthesia in Manchester and Lancashire
Authors: Howe David , Hulgur Mruthujaya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn 2021, the UK Royal College of Anaesthetists published an updated curriculum which outlines specific peripheral nerve blocks in which all anesthetists must achieve competency during their training. Little is known about which nerve blocks anesthetists in the UK can perform, nor which techniques they use to perform them.MethodsWe conducted a survey of anesthetists in North West England to discover their experience in anesthesia, which nerve blocks they can perform, and which techniques they use to perform them.ResultsOverall, 195 responses were received. Seventy‐nine respondents (44%) preferred to perform nerve blocks on anesthetized patients, 70 (40%) preferred to perform nerve blocks with the patient awake with no sedation. One hundred and thirty‐seven (85%) respondents used ultrasound only to localize nerves when performing a block. Among consultant respondents, 21 (19%) were unable to perform any upper limb block, and 48 (44%) were unable to perform any block of the thorax, both are a required competency of trainees under the 2021 curriculum.DiscussionTrainees may struggle to achieve the required competencies of the new curriculum given many consultants are also unable to perform them. A structured placement in regional anesthetic training in each stage of training could help improve the acquisition of skills and knowledge among trainees. Further studies are needed to assess the ability of anesthetists nationwide in regional anesthesia.
A guide to assess the use of gene editing in aquaculture
Authors: Robinson Nicholas A. , Østbye Tone‐Kari Knutsdatter , Kettunen Anne H. , Coates Andrew , Barrett Luke T. , Robledo Diego , Dempster Tim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAquaculture creates ‘aquatic foods’ such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds that are critical for food security. Gene editing using CRISPR‐Cas9 has the potential to transform aquaculture by improving animal welfare, nutritional attributes, and farming efficiency, with benefits for environmental sustainability. However, gene editing also poses risks of harm via side effects on other important traits or genetic introgression into wild populations. Public acceptance of gene edited aquatic species will rapidly erode if risk mitigation is ineffective or not applied. Here, we review the benefits and risks for gene editing in aquaculture. A general framework for risk–benefit analysis of gene editing in aquaculture is proposed, incorporating nine key considerations: genetic impacts, ecological impacts, disease risk mitigation, nature of edit, supply chain environmental footprint, animal welfare, human nutrition, ethical business implications and impacts on local communities. When applied on a case‐by‐case basis, the framework will help identify how gene editing of a farmed species can most enhance production and nutritional benefits while minimising harms to animal welfare, the environment, and society.
Characteristics of deaths by suicide in postmortem studies in Brazil: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roza Thiago Henrique , Marchionatti Lauro Estivalete , Gosmann Natan Pereira , do Canto Gustavo Cambraia , Machado Patrícia Vasconcelos , Massuda Raffael , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Kessler Felix Henrique Paim , Magalhães Pedro Vieira da Silva , Telles Lisieux Elaine de Borba 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionSuicide is one of the leading causes of death, with a trend for its increase in Brazil in past decades. This study aimed to review the characteristics of suicides in Brazilian postmortem studies.MethodsStudies investigating suicide deaths in Brazil, and based on autopsy or psychological autopsy were included. Proportions were pooled across studies with the use of random and fixed effects models.Results6777 references were retrieved from six databases (searches up to January, 2023), and 45 studies included. In autopsy studies (k = 37, n = 16,231), substance use at toxicological analysis was found in 36.42% of cases (95% CI: 30.05–43.32), previous suicide attempts in 23.92% (95% CI: 6.73–57.78). In psychological autopsy studies (k = 8, n = 139), previous suicide attempts were reported in 28.09% (95% CI: 19.74–38.28), psychiatric conditions/symptoms in 90.67% (95% CI: 67.79–97.82), family history of suicidality in 21.33% (95% CI: 13.5–32.03). Most suicide deaths were reported in males and took place at the victim's home, hanging was the most frequent suicide method. Included studies presented significant limitations in quality assessment.ConclusionFuture studies should present more robust methodology, including bigger samples, the use of controls, and validated methodology.
Trusting others who vary in consistency between their personal standards and behavior: Differences by age, gender, and honesty trust beliefs
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , MacDonald‐Taylor Becky , Holland Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThree studies examined age, gender, and trust belief differences in using the consistency principle to judge the trustworthiness of persons who varied in the consistency between their personal standards and behavior. The participants were 78 adults (Mage = 22 years) in Study 1, 160 children from four age groups (6‐7, 8–9, 10–11, and 12–13, year‐olds) in Study 2, and 46 10–11‐year‐olds in Study 3 (N = 284). Approximately equal numbers of predominately White males and females participated. They judged the trustworthiness of persons who demonstrated consistency or inconsistency between their personal standards and behavior. It was found that adults, 12–13‐year‐olds, 10–11‐year‐olds, and 10–11‐year‐olds with high honesty trust beliefs in others judged the inconsistent persons as less trustworthy than consistent persons. Those participant samples judged inconsistent persons as untrustworthy and consistent persons as trustworthy. Male adults and 12–13‐year‐olds judged consistent persons as more trustworthy than their female counterparts. There are age trends, gender differences, and differences in honesty trust beliefs in the use of consistency principle to judge the trustworthiness of persons varying in the consistency between their personal standards and behavior.
Global impact of antibacterial resistance in patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Gottesdiener Lee S. , Satlin Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPatients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at high risk of developing bacterial infections. These patients may suffer severe consequences from these infections if they do not receive immediate effective therapies, and thus are uniquely threatened by antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. Here, we outline how the emergence of specific resistant bacteria threatens the effectiveness of established approaches to prevent and treat infections in this population. The emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance among Enterobacterales and viridans group streptococci may decrease the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis during neutropenia. The emergence of Enterobacterales that produce extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases or carbapenemases and of increasingly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa may result in neutropenic patients experiencing delayed time to active antibacterial therapy, and consequently worse clinical outcomes. The ability to select targeted antibacterial therapies after the availability of susceptibility data may be limited in patients infected with metallo‐β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacterales and difficult‐to‐treat P. aeruginosa. Vancomycin‐resistant enterococci and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause breakthrough infections in patients already being treated with broad‐spectrum β‐lactam antibiotics. Resistance can also limit the ability to provide oral stepdown antibacterial therapy for patients who could otherwise be discharged from hospitalization. We also outline strategies that have the potential to mitigate the negative impact of antimicrobial resistance, including interventions based on active screening for colonization with resistant bacteria and the use of novel rapid diagnostic assays. Additional research is needed to better understand how these strategies can be leveraged to combat the emerging crisis of antimicrobial resistance in patients with hematologic malignancies and HCT recipients.
Challenges in management of invasive fungal infections in stem cell transplant
Authors: Walker Jeremey , Edwards W. Seth , Hall Nicole M. , Pappas Peter G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. In order to minimize these infections, prophylaxis has become routine, although the agents used have changed over time. This presents new challenges as we consider an approach to breakthrough infections and recognize the epidemiologic shift toward isolates with higher rates of drug resistance. This review outlines the management of the most common pathogens (Candida, Aspergillus, Mucorales) as well as rarer pathogens that have higher rates of resistance (Trichosporon, Fusarium, Scedosporium, and Lomentospora). We discuss potential approaches to proven or possible breakthrough infections with yeast and pulmonary mold disease. Finally, we outline the role for combination therapy and newer antifungals, acknowledging current knowledge gaps and areas for future exploration.
Implementation of tuberculosis preventive therapy with INH‐Rifapentine (3HP) for latent tuberculosis infection management in household tuberculosis contacts in India: A prospective study
Authors: Sharma Nandini , Bakshi Ritika , Basu Saurav , Zode Mrunali , Arora Reema , Khanna Ashwani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to ascertain the acceptance, initiation, implementation and treatment completion rates of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) using 3HP (INH‐Rifapentine) among household contacts of microbiologically confirmed drug sensitive TB cases on anti‐tubercular treatment under programmatic real‐world settings. The secondary objectives were to estimate the prevalence and predictors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in household contacts of the index TB cases. We also ascertained the safety profile of the 3HP TPT regimen in the household contacts.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at 10 TB chest clinics in Delhi, India during 2022–2023. Household contacts aged 14 and older who tested positive for TB infection on a Tuberculin Skin test were initiated on the 3HP regimen. Logistic regression was performed by including statistically significant independent variables in multiple prediction models. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. STATA, version 15.1, was used to compute all analyses.ResultsA total of 1067 (84.68%) eligible contacts of microbiologically confirmed, drug sensitive TB cases underwent screening with tuberculin skin test (TST), 614 (95.6%) LTBI positive contacts accepted the initiation of TPT, and 564 (91.8%) of those initiated on TPT completed the treatment. The major reason for refusal of screening was the lack of perception of risk of TB disease due to asymptomatic status. The prevalence of LTBI positivity through TST was 61.5% (95% CI, 58.5%, 64.4%). Adverse events were reported by 195 (31.8%) contacts initiated on 3HP of which 20 participants discontinued TPT. None of the sociodemographic factors showed a significant association with LTBI positivity (except age) or TPT completion rates.ConclusionLTBI management with 3HP is feasible among adolescent and adult household contacts in India with high rates of adherence from initiation until treatment completion. The maximum attrition of participants occurred at the time of screening for LTBI using TST.
Transfusion Camp Rwanda: A prospective feasibility study evaluating the delivery of Transfusion Camp to a multidisciplinary group of postgraduate medical trainees in Rwanda
Authors: Hagumimana Justin , Skelton Teresa , Pendergrast Jacob , Nizeyimana Francoise , Masaisa Florence , Kanyamuhunga Aimable , Gashaija Christopher , Chargé Sophie , Kapitany Casey , Morgan Mary , Meirovich Harley , Lin Yulia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSafe blood transfusion is an increasing priority in global health equity. The Global Health 2030 commission lists access to a safe blood supply as essential for all surgical and nonoperative patients. The objective of this study was to determine if Transfusion Camp, when modified through a collaborative partnership between experts in Canada and Rwanda, results in improved knowledge and confidence among trainees in a resource‐limited setting in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsThis prospective study took place at The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali in Rwanda. Participants were postgraduate medical trainees from departments where blood transfusion is frequent. Participants watched five prerecorded lectures and then attended a 5‐hour team‐based learning seminar to consolidate learning. Pre‐ and post‐data were analyzed on transfusion knowledge and trainee confidence. A Rasch analysis investigated the performance of individual questions in assessing respondent knowledge.ResultsOf 31 trainees from surgery, anesthesia, internal medicine, and pediatrics invited to the course, 27 trainees attended the in‐person team‐based learning and 24 trainees completed the pre‐ and post‐course analysis. Trainee knowledge assessment improved from (mean ± SD) 7.7/20 ± 1.95 to 10.4/20 ± 2.4 (p < .0001) and this knowledge was maintained by 12 trainees on a 3‐month follow‐up with a mean score of 9.3/20 ± 2.3. Trainees reported increased confidence in managing transfusion medicine‐related patient issues.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that Transfusion Camp education content modified to the local context can result in increased knowledge and confidence in managing transfusion‐related issues. These results will inform future planning of Transfusion Camp in resource‐limited settings.
On real analogues of the Poincaré series
Authors: Campillo Antonio , Delgado Félix , Gusein‐Zade Sabir M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere exist several equivalent equations for the Poincaré series of a collection of valuations on the ring of germs of functions on a complex analytic variety. We give definitions of the Poincaré series of a collection of valuations in the real setting (i.e., on the ring of germs of functions on a real analytic variety), compute them for the case of one curve valuation on the plane and discuss some of their properties.
Graph bundles and Ricci‐flatness
Authors: Li Wenbo , Liu Shiping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe develop a systematic way of constructing S‐Ricci flat graphs that are not Abelian Cayley via graph bundle with explicit examples. For this purpose, we prove that, with some natural constrains, a nontrivial graph bundle cannot be isomorphic (as graphs) to the product of the base graph and fiber graph. It stands in clear contrast to the continuous case.