bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the features of structural and phase transformations during the processing of oxide waste from the production of high-speed steel
Authors: Volokh Vadym , Poliakov Anatolii , Rebenko Victor , Andreev Andrey , Yamshinskij Mykhail , Lukianenko Ivan , Kurlov Viacheslav , Chaplyhin Yevhen , Vlasenko Nataliya , Ivanchenko Dmytro 
Published: November 2023

Peculiarities of phase and structural transformations during the carbon-thermal recovery of high-speed steel slag with the production of an alloying additive were investigated. This is necessary to determine the technological indicators that allow reducing the loss of high-value elements during the production and use of the alloying additive. A gradual change in the degree of scale reduction from 32 % to 69 % and 77 % led to an increase in the appearance of the solid solution of alloying elements and carbon in the α-Fe lattice with respect to FeWO4 and Fe3O4. Along with this, Fe3C, FeW3C, WC, VC, V2C, and Cr3C2 were manifested. At the same time, the formation of polyhedral and rounded particles of different chemical composition and the formation of a spongy microstructure was observed. It was determined that the most acceptable degree of recovery is 77 %. At the same time, the degree of reduction of 69 % is also sufficient since due to the residual carbon in the form of carbides, an increased reduction capacity is ensured with additional reduction of the oxide component in the liquid metal during alloying. The spongy microstructure provides relatively fast dissolution compared to standard ferroalloys, which causes a reduction in the total melting time while reducing the resources spent. No phases and compounds characterized by an increased tendency to sublimation were detected in the obtained alloying additive. That is, there is no need to provide additional conditions that prevent the loss of high-value elements during evaporation with the gas phase, which causes an increase in the degree of extraction of alloying elements. The indicators of the obtained alloying additive make it possible to melt alloyed steel in an electric arc furnace with respect to brands whose composition does not have strict restrictions on carbon, while replacing a part of standard ferroalloys.
Determination of gas parameters in resonant pipes and channels of engines with a periodic workflow using the piston analogy method
Authors: Khrulev Alexander 
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates a process of gas flow in the resonant tube of an engine with a periodic workflow. Analysis of various flow models and comparison of known data have shown that the problems of constructing closed 0-dimensional models of the operating cycle for some types of engines remain unresolved. Given this, the question arises about the dimensionality of models of individual engine elements, including the resonant pipe model, which must be included in the general model of the cycle, especially at the initial stage of its development.
To solve the identified problems, a mathematical model of air flow has been improved, built on the basis of an analogy with a '"liquid" piston. Unlike existing ones, the piston analogy model allows one to calculate the instantaneous velocity averaged over the length of the pipe using a numerical solution of the differential equation for velocity.
To test the model built, an alternative finite-difference 1-dimensional gas-dynamic model was selected, with the help of which a test simulation of air flow in a pipe was performed. It has been established that the piston model allows one to find the flow velocity with an accuracy of 5 % for a pressure drop varying according to a sinusoidal law. The permissible limits for changes in the oscillation frequency and pipe length were found, at which the piston model has a minimum error.
Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that with a small mass and inertia of the liquid piston, the proposed model gives results close to those provided by more complex models with higher dimensionality. This indicates the possibility of using a piston model for elements such as pipes as part of a 0-dimensional thermodynamic model of engines with a periodic operating process as an approximate alternative to traditional 1-dimensional flow models
Estimation of electron density, temperature and electrical characterization of silica seeded arc plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Jha Vijay Kumar , Mishra Lekha Nath , Narayan Bijoyendra , Dhobi Saddam Husain , Shah Arun Kumar , Jha Susmita 
Published: November 2023

Plasma technology stands at the forefront of numerous industrial applications, offering versatile solutions from materials processing to aerospace engineering. This study employs a single Langmuir probe technique operating at atmospheric pressure to scrutinize the transformative impact of silica seeding on low-temperature arc plasma. The investigation unveils a dynamic interplay of electrons and ions within the plasma, unveiling key electrical properties. The I–V electrical properties of the arcs plasma before seeding, having a floating voltage of –39 V, demonstrate electron and ion currents for varied probe voltages. The electrons’ density is calculated to be 2.11×1013 m–3, and the electrons’ temperature is at 6.25 eV. The I–V characteristics show a floating potential of about –35 V and –37 V after seeding an arc plasma using silica in the presence of aluminum oxide (2 % by weight) powder and grain, respectively. After seeding, it is discovered that the electron temperature falls to 1.18 eV for powder while 1.16 eV for grain and electron density rises to 2×1016 m–3 for powder and 1.84×1016 m–3 for grain. In addition, a notable fall in electron temperature and a discernible rise in electron density are seen. This non-equilibrium behavior is related to silica’s catalytic function, which is enhanced by the presence of aluminum oxide. Additionally, increased ionizing activity brought on by inelastic electron collisions causes the electron temperatures in the silica-seeded arcs plasma to rise with discharge voltage. These findings can be essential for enhancing plasma-based technologies in a variety of industrial applications because they provide insightful information on how silica seeding affects arc plasma properties
The polynomial forecasts improvement based on the algorithm of optimal polynomial degree selecting
Authors: Turbal Yurii , Shlikhta Ganna , Turbal Mariana , Turbal Bogdan 
Published: November 2023

The object of research in the paper is extrapolation problems based on interpolation polynomials. Polynomial-based prediction methods are well known. However, the problem is that such methods often give very large errors in practice. The permissible error of extrapolation even by one grid step is not ensured by the high accuracy of interpolation using polynomials.
The paper proposes an algorithm that allows to significantly improve polynomial forecasts by optimizing the procedure for choosing the power of the polynomial, on the basis of which the forecast is built.
The algorithm is based on the procedure for building all polynomial forecasts according to known data and analysis of these forecasts. In particular, the presence of monotonicity and a tendency to convergence allows determining the optimal degree of the polynomial. In the absence of monotonicity, provided that certain ratios are met, the forecast can be constructed as the arithmetic average of all polynomial forecasts. An important result is the estimation of the error of the forecasting method by averaging polynomial forecasts.
The development of the algorithm became possible due to the use of a special method of constructing a one-step polynomial forecast. The method differs in that it allows to build a forecast without using the cumbersome procedure of calculating the unknown coefficients of the polynomial.
The numerical results presented in the work demonstrate the effectiveness of the forecasting technique based on the average of polynomial forecasts. In particular, for the test functions, the relative error was about 2–5 %, while polynomials of different degrees in the worst case yielded more than 50 %.
The obtained results can be useful for building short-term forecasts of series of economic dynamics, forecasting the behavior of arbitrary processes with a dominant deterministic component
Increasing of the accuracy of determining the coordinates of an aerial object in the two-position network of small-sized radars
Authors: Khudov Hennadii , Berezhnyi Andrii , Oleksenko Oleksandr , Maliuha Volodymyr , Balyk Ivan , Herda Maksym , Sobora Anatolii , Bridnia Yehor , Chepurnyi Viacheslav , Gridina Valentina 
Published: November 2023

The object of research is the process of determining the coordinates of aerial objects by a small-sized radars. The main hypothesis of the study assumes that combining two small-sized radars into a network could improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of aerial objects.
It was established that when determining the coordinates of an aerial object by a small-sized radars, the accuracy of determining the range is much better than the accuracy of determining the angular coordinate. To eliminate this shortcoming, a two-position network of small-sized radars and their error ellipses was considered. It is proposed to use the range-finding method in each small-sized radar station of the two-position network.
A method for determining the coordinates of aerial objects in a two-position network of small-sized radars has been improved, which, unlike known ones:
– enables a synchronous survey of the airspace by small-sized radars;
– measures the range to the aerial object by two small-sized radars;
– determines the coordinates of the aerial object by the joint processing of radar information from two small-sized radars.
The accuracy of determining the coordinates of aerial objects in a two-position network of small-sized radars was evaluated. The experimental evaluation was carried out by means of simulation using the method of Monte Carlo statistical tests. Working areas of the two-position network of small-sized radars were calculated. It was established that the two-position network of small-radars works only in the area formed by the intersections of the viewing areas of small-sized radars during their autonomous operation.
Devising an alternative technique to manufacture a radioisotope source of 60Co for irradiation device to ensure ornithological safety of aircraft flights
Authors: Kim Dmitriy , Lutsenko Natalya 
Published: November 2023

This paper reports an alternative technique for producing a source of hard gamma radiation with the 60Со isotope for the proposed device for radioactive irradiation of birds, which is also innovative in providing for ornithological aircraft flight safety. However, the high cost of producing a 60Со radionuclide source with activity sufficient to irradiate bird pests with a lethal or sterilizing dose poses a serious challenge. A solution to the problem of reducing the cost of a 60Со radionuclide source can be an alternative technique of its production outside the reactor.
The results are characterized by the following features and distinctive peculiarities that make it possible to solve the problem under study:
– an irradiation device with the radioactive isotope 60Со causes a lethal or sterilizing effect. This is much more effective in ensuring ornithological safety of aircraft flights compared to known methods of scaring away birds of prey, but is harmless to humans;
– the production of 60Со radionuclide for the irradiation installation is carried out by thermal diffusion heating, which significantly reduces the cost of the source compared to the well-known methods of its production in a reactor and accelerator.
The results obtained could find practical application in the field of civil aviation for ornithological flight safety, subject to compliance with national and international legislation. In addition, the proposed technique of manufacturing a 60Со radionuclide source, in addition to aviation ornithology, may find application in other sectors of industry, economics, and agriculture
Identifying some regularities of the heat transfer in the welded joint of SUS304 pipe using a numerical approach
Authors: Hasein Abbas Naseer , Aned Ashham Mohammed , Razzaq Mortadha Kareem A. 
Published: November 2023

In this study, an investigation into the impact of heat transmission in the welded junction of SUS304 pipe has been carried out with the use of a numerical method. An investigation was carried out by employing ANSYS’s static structural tools in conjunction with the software package’s thermal transient analysis. Based on the heat flow on the welding point, where the temperature reaches 507 °C within 200 mm of the end of the welded pipe, an examination into the efficiency of heat transfer has been carried out. This analysis was based on the heat flow on the welding point. As the total heat flux approaches 7.02e6 W∙m–2, studies have been conducted on the topic. There have been three types of directional heat flux measurements made (X, Y, and Z), with the numerical findings indicating that the X direction produces the most variable heat flow readings. These checks were performed in a variety of settings. These were chosen as the correct paths to go since they led directly to the source of the warmth. whereas the Z-axis permits the minimum amount of heat flow throughout the board. The damaged area identified on the trees that were still standing was factored into the calculation. To calculate the amount of residual stress, the Von Mises stress was applied repeatedly during the whole procedure. This tactic ended up being employed. Due to the tension caused by the pipe’s increased bending radius, the piece of pipe located 200 mm from the pipe’s distal end is the most vulnerable. The value was calculated to be 2.49e6 Pa when the temperature was increased to 500 °C.
Study of factors affecting some properties of hydrophilic suppository base
Authors: Bezuglaya Elena , Stolper Yurij , Lyapunov Nikolay , Zinchenko Igor , Liapunov Oleksii 
Published: November 2023

The aim. To study the effect of the composition of hydrophilic suppository bases on the physicochemical and osmotic properties of suppositories made from them.
Materials and methods. The bases were studied with varying compositions of excipients. The microstructure of the bases was evaluated, and the disintegration time and resistance to rupture of suppositories made from them were determined. The kinetics of water absorption and solvent release were studied by dialysis. The content of propylene glycol (PG) and macrogol 400 (M400) in the receptor medium was determined by gas chromatography. The melted bases were studied by rotational viscometry. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin probes in hydrophilic solvents and bases were obtained; the type of spectrum, isotropic constant (AN), rotational correlation times (τ), and anisotropy parameter (ε) were determined.
Results. The disintegration times and resistance to rupture of suppositories were determined depending on such factors as the content and grade of poloxamers, the ratio between high molecular weight macrogols and the mixed solvent PG-M400 (60 : 40 % m/m), the ratio of nonionic surfactant and cetostearyl alcohol (CSA) and their total content, water and hard fat content. The introduction of solid fat and a mixture of surfactants and CSA provides the uniform structure of the bases. The mass ratio between surfactants and CSA and their total content are important factors that provide acceptable resistance to rupture and disintegration times for suppositories and reduce water absorption and solvent release. As the temperature decreases from 45 °C to 20 °C, the bases transform from Newtonian liquids to solids. At that time, the microviscosity of the environment of the spin probes increased by about 5 times, but the parameters of their rotational diffusion in solid bases and the mixed solvent PG-M400 are comparable. This indicates the dissolved state of the spin probes in the bases and the absence of the formation of mixed associates from molecules of surfactant and CSA.
Conclusions. By varying the composition of excipients, the properties of hydrophilic suppository bases can be controlled, significantly reducing their osmotic properties. The active substances in these bases may be in a dissolved state due to the high content of non-aqueous solvents
En tiempos de crisis
Authors: Acosta Díaz Emilio 
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo editorial pretende resaltar la importancia del encuentro con los otros, de la posibilidad del diálogo como oportunidad para fortalecer la empatía y el establecimiento de un orden armonioso y equilibrado en el seno de la vida familiar, fundamento de la vida y de los proyectos individuales y sociales de cada persona como agente de transformación y cambio.
Ciencia con conciencia
Authors: Acosta Díaz Emilio 
Published: November 2023

El presente artículo editorial, pretende ser un aporte reflexivo dentro del Boletín Ciencia, Ética y Humanismo [CEHUMA], sobre dos afirmaciones claves del fundador de la obra gorettiana, Fray Guillermo de Castellana (2006): “La ciencia sin conciencia no hace más que criminales refinados y […] no hay cosa más peligrosa para la vida social como el hombre que tiene ciencia pero no conciencia” (p. 69). Los dos postulados se convierten en criterios claves de tener en cuenta en los procesos investigativos y sus resultados en función del desarrollo social y cultural orientado generalmente a la búsqueda de un mejor estar y buen vivir.
El propósito del desarrollo científico y tecnológico siempre estará orientado a responder a las inquietudes y resolver las necesidades más profundas del espíritu humano por lo que se requiere de una fundamentación epistemológica, un discernimiento prudente y una puesta en practica del conocimiento investigado en función de la construcción de una civilidad consciente de su propia realidad. De allí que interrogarse sobre el papel de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico, la inteligencia artificial, la conciencia sea un reto permanente que conduce al diálogo sereno entre ética y ciencia con el propósito de personalizar y humanizar las acciones del hombre de hoy.
Experiencia Franciscana de cuarto semestre de la Universidad CESMAG
Authors: Rodríguez Pinza Luis Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

En comunión con la Exhortación Apostólica Postsinodal Christus Vivit del Papa Francisco (2019), que invita a vivir a Cristo desde la condición de jóvenes y la especificidad del contexto de la Universidad CESMAG, católica y franciscano capuchina, se hará una descripción de la llamada experiencia franciscana de cuarto semestre establecida como parte de la formación integral universitaria, liderada desde el Área de Espiritualidad Franciscana, dependencia de la Vicerrectoría para la Evangelización de las Culturas. Esta experiencia vivida con los estudiantes que cursan dicho semestre de todos los programas académicos que ofrece la Universidad, desde la visión de facilitador, recogiendo las manifestaciones de los beneficiarios directos en este caso los estudiantes, tiene la finalidad de dar a conocer la actividad con toda la comunidad universitaria, para reconocer algunas características de los jóvenes frente a la dimensión espiritual.
El acompañamiento tutorial Universitario
Authors: Calvache López José Edmundo , Navarro Sánchez María Angélica 
Published: November 2023

En este artículo, producto de la revisión documental y de los conocimientos y saberes experienciales de los autores, se pretende resaltar la importancia del acompañamiento tutorial universitario y el rol del profesor como un mediador que apoya y orienta el encuentro entre el estudiante y el conocimiento, entre el estudiante y su itinerario formativo integral y, así mismo, hacer ver que una tutoría eficiente puede contribuir significativamente al mejoramiento del desempeño académico, la permanencia y el egreso exitoso del universitario. Se parte de unaaproximación sobre la tutoría y se describe, brevemente, las modalidades y objetivos de la misma y aquello que pueden ser las habilidades y competencias del tutor en los entornos académicos universitarios contemporáneos.
The Rationale behind Land Reform of the Late XIX — Early XX Centuries on the Lands of the Western Buryats: A Theoretical Aspect
Authors: Kuryshov Andrei , Kuryshova Irina 
Published: November 2023

Land reform at the turn of the XX century meant to regulate land tenure on Siberian territories, which had actually not been a focus of attention of Russian government, and undertaken primarily to form a land fund for Russian settlers, also affected the economy of indigenous peoples of Siberia. On the territory of the Irkutsk Governorate it affected the Western (living in Cisbaikalia region) Buryats. The reform, which resulted in withdrawal of vast land holdings from the Buryats' use (in theory, about a half of them), aroused opposition of the Buryat elite, who pointed out that this land reallocation would bring to decline the cattle breeding economy of the Buryats and would threaten the very existence of the people. However, a study of the economic life of the Western Buryats, which had preceded the reform, showed that they actually did not use much of their land and practiced a predominantly integrated crop and livestock farming; this became the basis for applying new land use management procedures to them. In addition, this process was legally formalized in such a way that there were many opportunities to take into account the peculiarities of the economic life of the Buryat population in each specific case. No matter how the reform was carried out in practice and what results it led to (the great events of the early XX century — the Stolypin reforms, World War I), even theoretically it could not lead to the destruction of the Western Buryat economy, if we consider it not as simple set of economic traditions but as a system of social and economic relations. In the context of more "global" processes, the land reform on the lands of the Siberian natives can be considered as the inclusion of the Siberian land-use into the sphere of the state regulation and an instrument of the resettlement policy as part of securing the Siberian territories by Russia in the conditions of the fierce struggle for the world redivision at the turn of the XX century.
From Family Household Economics to the Economic Theory of the Modern Family: Sesquicentennial Shifts in Ontology and Epistemology
Authors: Latov Yury , Latova Natalia 
Published: November 2023

The article is dedicated to the evolution of institutions of the household and the family, as well as their perception in economics from the nineteenth century to the present day. Modern academic literature largely preserves the notion of an undivided unity of family and household, which is inherited from the 19th century neoclassical economic thought and reflects the socio-economic realities that existed a century and a half ago. However, following the active emancipation of individuals from the traditional family in the West in the first half of the 20th century, the process of gradual disappearance of family households as one of the three major (along with the firm and the state) economic actors began. In modern western countries, the decision makers in the markets of labour, capital and consumer goods are no longer families, but independent individuals. Families do not disappear, but in western countries they are transformed into a kind of partner firms, whose members freely choose/change partners according to changing personal needs. This qualitative change in the nature of family unions was reflected in the 1980s in “the economic theory of the family” based on the approaches of Gary Becker and Robert A. Pollak, where the behaviour of sexual / marital partners is consistently likened to market behaviour. These trends of changing ontology and epistemology of the family as an economic entity are very important for understanding the capabilities and limitations of traditional family support policies manifested in modern Russia.