bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short term exposure to 1439 MHz pulsed TDMA field does not alter melatonin synthesis in rats
Authors: Hata Keisuke , Yamaguchi Hironori , Tsurita Giichirou , Watanabe Soichi , Wake Kanako , Taki Masao , Ueno Shoogo , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe widespread use of the mobile phone has initiated many studies on the possible adverse effects of a high frequency electromagnetic field (EMF), which is used in mobile phones. A low frequency EMF is reported to suppress melatonin synthesis. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects on melatonin synthesis in rats after short term exposure to a 1439 MHz time division multiple access (TDMA) EMF. The average specific absorption ratio (SAR) of the brain was 7.5 W/kg, and the average SARs of the whole body were 1.9 and 2.0 W/kg for male and female rats, respectively. A total of 208 male and female rats were investigated. After acclimatization to a 12 h light–dark (LD) cycle, serum and pineal melatonin levels together with pineal serotonin level under a dark condition (less than 1 lux) were examined by radioimmunoassay. No significant differences in melatonin and serotonin levels were observed between the exposure, sham, and cage control groups. These results suggest that short term exposure to a 1439 MHz TDMA EMF, which is about four times stronger than that emitted by mobile phones, does not alter melatonin and serotonin synthesis in rats. Further investigations on the effects of long term exposure are warranted. Bioelectromagnetics 26:49–53, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Finite Volume SOFC Models for the Simulation of a Planar Cell Geometry
Authors: Campanari S. , Iora P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of a finite volume model for a planar solid oxide fuel cell. Two different levels of detail for the definition of the basic cell elements are considered, the first with the assumption of isothermal behavior for a finite volume, defined by a portion of the cell PEN structure with pertinent air and fuel channels, and the second with a more refined element subdivision, capable of simulating temperature differences at a smaller scale. The model applies a detailed electrochemical and thermal analysis to a planar SOFC of a defined geometry (with co‐flow, counter‐flow or cross‐flow configuration), material properties and input flows. Electrochemical modeling includes an evaluation of ohmic, activation and diffusion losses as well as a kinetic model of the hydrocarbon reactions involved. The model calculates internal profiles of temperature, flow composition, current density, and cell energy balances. Internal heat exchange coefficients are evaluated with a specific fluid‐dynamic analysis. After a preliminary calibration of the model, a comparison of the simulation results generated by the two models is presented and a parametric analysis to investigate the effects of different assumptions on a selection of key parameters (heat losses, air stoichiometric ratio and inlet temperatures) is carried out. The results show that the refined model developed here could significantly help in the design of efficient fuel cell stack projects and in the careful consideration of the influence of heat losses, air ratio and the endothermic reforming reaction on cell temperature distribution and global performances.
The concept of stimulation of entrepreneurship— A benchmarking and co‐evolution approach
Authors: Sysko‐Romanczuk Sylwia , Platonoff Alberto Lozano 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSustainable economic growth is enabled by the production of wealth, i.e., development of entrepreneurship. Opportunities for its development, and so the sources of the country's economic wealth, may be found today not only in the proper level of macroeconomic indicators (labor cost, interest rates' level, currency exchange rate, etc.), but also in regional (effective and efficient use of locally diverse opportunities, development predisposition, and cooperation between organizations) and microeconomic conditions (differences in management styles). The sine qua non condition of the entrepreneurship development is the effectiveness of actions taken in all three interrelated levels enabling achievement of the synergy effect. Our aim here is to present an innovative concept of entrepreneurship, realized in Poland on the basis of the cooperation between science, business, authorities, institutions, and media. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 71–82, 2005.
Changing patterns in corporate technology strategies
Authors: Nasierowski Wojciech 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper the challenges and solutions relevant to the management of technology in contemporary global companies are explored. The impact of technological change on the classical organizational paradigms of functional areas in operations is discussed. Successful corporate responses to environment change are also presented. Recommended solutions to constraints described herein are presented in the form of Best Management Practices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 83–92, 2005.
Entrepreneurship education in Poland: Findings from the field
Authors: Kierulff Herbert E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPoland has a rich entrepreneurial potential—a potential it is realizing on a large scale. At the same time, educational opportunities are opening up for enterprising business leaders seeking to start their own firms. Polish academics and business people understand that some aspects of entrepreneurship can be taught, and have taken steps to provide programs and short courses emphasizing start‐ups. A series of interviews were undertaken in 1998 and 1999 with business people, academics, consultants, and government officials on the subject of entrepreneurship in Poland to determine what specific business tools and concepts were most important to aspiring and practicing Polish entrepreneurs, and how these subjects should be taught. The findings are summarized in this article. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 93–98, 2005.
Divergent stress responses to IL‐1β, nitric oxide, and tunicamycin by chondrocytes
Authors: Oliver Bonnie L. , Cronin Chunxia G. , Zhang‐Benoit Yahui , Goldring Mary B. , Tanzer Marvin L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAs the only cell in cartilage responsible for matrix synthesis, the chondrocyte's viability is crucial to healthy tissue. It must tolerate stresses from both mechanical and cellular sources. This study examines the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in chondrocytes after exposure to IL‐1β, nitric oxide, or tunicamycin in order to determine whether this form of stress causes cell death. Cultures of the immortalized human juvenile costal chondrocyte cell line, C‐28/I2, were treated with IL‐1β, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), and tunicamycin. Increasing intracellular nitric oxide levels by SNAP treatment or inhibiting protein folding in the ER lumen by tunicamycin induced the ER stress response as evidenced by increased protein and gene expression of GADD153 as well as PERK and eIF2‐α phosphorylation, and resulted in apoptosis. IL‐1β treatment induced PERK and eIF2‐α phosphorylation, but not GADD153 expression or apoptosis. The ER stress signaling pathway of IL‐1β involved iNOS because blocking its expression, inhibited ER stress gene expression. Therefore, inducing the ER stress response in chondrocytes results in divergent responses depending on the agent used. Even though IL‐1β, a common proinflammatory cytokine, induces the ER stress response, it is not proapoptotic to chondrocytes. On the other hand, exposure to high levels of intracellular nitric oxide induce chondrocyte apoptosis as part of the ER stress response. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nestin‐expressing neural stem cells identified in the scar following myocardial infarction
Authors: Drapeau Jessica , El‐Helou Viviane , Clement Robert , Bel‐Hadj Samar , Gosselin Hugues , trudeau Louis‐Eric , Villeneuve Louis , Calderone Angelino 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNerve fiber innervation of the scar following myocardial damage may have occurred either via the growth of pre‐existing fibers and/or the mobilization of neural stem cells. The present study examined whether neural stem cells were recruited to the infarct region of the rat heart following coronary artery ligation. The neural stem cell marker nestin was detected in the infarct region of 1‐week post‐myocardial infarct (MI) male rats and cultured scar‐derived neural‐like cells. By contrast, nestin staining was undetected in either scar myofibroblasts or cardiac myocytes residing in the non‐infarcted left ventricle. Reactive astrocytes were isolated from the infarct region and characterized by the co‐expression of nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin. Specific staining of oligodendrocytes and neurons was also detected in the infarct region and cultured scar‐derived neural‐like cells. Furthermore, neurofilament‐M positive fibers were identified in the scar and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was observed in peripherin‐positive neurons. Neurite formation was induced in PC12 cells treated with the conditioned‐media of primary passage scar‐derived cells, highlighting the synthesis and secretion of neurotrophic factors. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor were detected in myofibroblasts and neural cells, and both cell types expressed the NGF receptors trkA and p75. These data highlight the novel observation that neural stem cells were recruited to the infarct region of the damaged rat heart and may contribute in part to nerve fiber growth and subsequent innervation of the scar. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deranged Kv channel regulation in fibroblasts from mice lacking the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1
Authors: Shumilina Ekaterina , Lampert Angelika , Lupescu Adrian , Myssina Svetlana , Strutz‐Seebohm Nathalie , Henke Guido , Grahammer Florian , Wulff Peer , Kuhl Dietmar , Lang Florian 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCoexpression of the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) up‐regulates Kv channel activity in Xenopus oocytes and human embryonic kidney cells. To investigate the physiological impact of SGK1 dependent Kv channel regulation, we recorded whole‐cell currents in lung fibroblasts from SGK1 knockout mice (sgk1−/−) and wild‐type littermates (sgk1+/+). Serum‐grown mouse lung fibroblasts (MLF) from both genotypes exhibited voltage‐gated outwardly rectifying K+‐currents with time‐dependent activation (τact∼3 msec), slow inactivation (τinact∼700 msec), use‐dependent inactivation, and (partial) inhibition by K+ channel blockers TEA, 4‐AP, and margatoxin. In serum grown MLF peak Kv current density at +100 mV was significantly lower in sgk1−/− (14 ± 2 pA/pF, n = 13) than in sgk1+/+ (31 ± 4 pA/pF, n = 16). PCR amplification of different Kv1 and Kv3 subunits from mouse fibroblasts demonstrated the expression of Kv1.1‐1.7, Kv3.1, and Kv3.3 mRNA in both sgk1+/+ and sgk1−/− cells. Upon serum deprivation Kv currents almost disappeared in sgk1+/+ (4 ± 1 pA/pF, n = 11) but not in sgk1−/− (10 ± 1 pA/pF, n = 6) MLF. Accordingly, following serum deprivation Kv current density was significantly lower in sgk1+/+ than in sgk1−/−. Stimulation of serum‐depleted cells with dexamethasone (dex) (1 μM, 1 day), IGF‐1 (6.7 μM, 4–6 h) or both, significantly activated Kv currents in sgk1+/+ but not in sgk1−/− MLF. In the presence of both, dex and IGF‐1, the Kv current density was significantly larger in sgk1+/+ (27 ± 3 pA/pF, n = 12) than in sgk1−/− (13 ± 3 pA/pF, n = 10) cells. Similar to MLF, Kv currents were significantly higher in sgk1+/+ mouse tail fibroblasts (MTF). In sgk1+/+ but not sgk1−/− MTF the Kv currents were inhibited upon serum deprivation and reincreased after stimulation of serum deprived MTF with dex (1 μM, 1 day) and afterwards with IGF‐1 (6.7 μM, 4–6 h). According to Fura‐2‐fluorescence capacitative Ca2+ entry was lower in sgk1−/− MTF compared to sgk1+/+ MTF. Upon serum deprivation capacitative Ca2+ entry decreased significantly in sgk1+/+ but not in sgk1−/− MTF. Stimulation of depleted cells with dex (1 μM, 1 day) and afterwards with IGF‐1 (6.7 μM, 4–6 h) reincreased capacitative Ca2+ entry in sgk1+/+ MTF, whereas in sgk1−/− cells it remained unchanged. In conclusion, lack of SGK1 does not abrogate Kv channel activity but abolishes regulation of those channels by serum, glucocorticoids and IGF‐1, an effect influencing capacitative Ca2+ entry. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signature of B‐CLL with different prognosis by Shrunken centroids of surface antigen expression profiling
Authors: Zucchetto Antonella , Sonego Paolo , Degan Massimo , Bomben Riccardo , Bo Michele Dal , Russo Stefania , Attadia Vincenza , Rupolo Maurizio , Buccisano Francesco , Principe Maria Ilaria Del , Poeta Giovanni Del , Pucillo Carlo , Colombatti Alfonso , Campanini Renato , Gattei Valter 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWith the aim of identifying the immunophenotypic profile of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) subsets with different prognosis, we investigated by flow cytometry the expression of 36 surface antigens in 123 cases, all with survivals. By analyzing results with unsupervised (hierarchical and K‐means clustering) algorithms, three distinct immunophenotypic groups (I, II, and III) were identified, group I (51/123) with longer survivals, as compared to the group II (36/123) and III (36/123). The immunophenotypic signatures of these groups, as determined by applying the nearest Shrunken centroids method as class predictor, were characterized by the coordinated and differential expression of 12 surface markers, that is, group I: above‐average expression of CD62L, CD54, CD49c, and CD25, below‐average expression of CD38; group II: above‐average expression of CD38, CD49d, CD29, and CD49e; and group III: below‐average expression of the above markers, overexpression of CD23, CD20, SmIg, and CD79b. As opposed to groups II–III, group I B‐CLLs lacked expression of ZAP‐70 and activation‐induced cytidine deaminase in the majority of cases, while more frequently had mutated IgVH genes and IgVH mutations consistent with antigen‐driven selection. Our findings contribute to improve the immunophenotypical identification of disease subsets with different prognosis and suggest a set of surface antigens to be employed as prognosticators in routine diagnostic/prognostic procedures. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The complexity of the visual cells and visual pathways of the sturgeon
Authors: Fang Marong , Li Jicheng , Kwong W.H. , Kindler P. , Lu Gang , Wai Sen Mun , Yew David T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe visual cells in the retinae of the sturgeon were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our investigations revealed the presence of rods, two types of single cones, one type of double cone (two nonidentical cone components adhered together), and one type of twin cone (two identical cone components adhered together). In some of the cones, large glycogen bodies were present in the inner segments and all cones contained oil droplets. Such cone morphology was very similar to that described in the retinae of higher vertebrates, for example the chicken. DiI tracing of retinofugal pathways following uniocular injection demonstrated their bilateral localization and extensive termination in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of both sides. Fibers also crossed over from one side to another through commissures, including the posterior commissure. The complexity of the pathway surpassed that of the teleosts and further indicated the evolutionary importance of this fish. Microsc. Res. Tech. 65:122–129, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular investigation of interspousal transmission of hepatitis C virus in two Japanese patients who acquired acute hepatitis C after 40 or 42 years of marriage
Authors: Nakayama Haruo , Sugai Yoshiki , Ikeya Shinichi , Inoue Jun , Nishizawa Tsutomu , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA 65‐year‐old woman (C1I) and a 65‐year‐old man (C2I) contracted acute hepatitis C 40 or 42 years after marriage, respectively, in Japan. They had no discernible risk factors for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, except that they had monogamous sexual relationships with their spouses (C1S [66‐year‐old] with hepatocellular carcinoma and C2S [64‐year‐old] with liver cirrhosis, respectively) who were infected with HCV of the same genotype (1b) and had a high‐titer HCV RNA in the serum (bDNA probe assay, 17 Meq/ml [C1S] and 15 Meq/ml [C2S]). The HCV isolates from Patients C1I and C1S and those from Patients C2I and C2S shared identity of 99.9% and 99.1%, respectively, in the 1,087‐nucleotide (nt) sequence of the NS5B region, although these four isolates were only 91.7%–96.2% identical to the 94 reported genotype 1b isolates including those from Japanese patients. To confirm the high degree of genetic relatedness among ten HCV clones from each spouse within each pair of spouses, the E1 and E2 junctional region sequence (268 or 271 nt) including hypervariable region 1 (HVR‐1) was analyzed. There was a close relationship between clones obtained from each spouse within each couple. Regarding the HVR‐1 amino acid sequence, nine of the ten C1I clones were 100% identical with six of the ten C1S clones, and one each of the C2I and C2S clones differed by only one amino acid residue. This study indicates that two Japanese patients with acute hepatitis C had acquired HCV infection most probably by interspousal sexual transmission during a long‐lasting marriage. J. Med. Virol. 75:258–266, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of viral factors with non‐familial breast cancer in Taiwan by comparison with non‐cancerous, fibroadenoma, and thyroid tumor tissues
Authors: Tsai Ju‐Hsin , Tsai Chung‐Hung , Cheng Min‐Hsiung , Lin Shyh‐Jye , Xu Fang‐Ling , Yang Chi‐Chiang 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTo study the etiologic factors of non‐familial breast cancer, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization were used to detect six viruses including human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1, HSV‐2, and human herpesvirus (HHV)‐8 DNA in 69 patients with breast cancer and 60 specimens from non‐cancerous or other individuals with thyroid tumors or fibroadenoma (non‐breast cancer controls). Two specimens from patients with a familial history of breast cancer and five breast cancer specimens with negative results for β‐globin, which was used as internal control, were excluded from this study. Eight (12.9%) HSV‐1, 28 (45.2%) EBV, 47 (75.8%) CMV, 8 (12.9%) HPV, and 28 (45.2%) HHV‐8 positive samples out of the 62 breast cancer specimens were detected; no HSV‐2 DNA was detected in any group. Among the viral gene‐positive breast cancer samples, 12 (23.1%) were positive for 1 virus, 16 (30.8%) were positive for 2 viruses, 21 (40.4%) were positive for 3 viruses, and 3 (5.8%) were positive for 4 viruses. Among the viral gene‐positive specimens of the control groups, only one virus, CMV, was found in the non‐cancerous and thyroid tumor specimens, while multiple viruses were found in the fibroadenoma specimens. The viruses associated with breast cancer were HHV‐8 > EBV (P < 0.01). The viruses associated with fibroadenoma were HSV‐1 and HHV‐8 > EBV (P < 0.01). The presence of more than one virus was found predominantly in breast cancer and exclusively found in fibroadenoma. CMV was the only virus associated with thyroid tumors. J. Med. Virol. 75:276–281, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoclonal antibodies versus reverse transcription‐PCR for detection of respiratory viruses in a patient population with respiratory tract infections admitted to hospital
Authors: Rovida Francesca , Percivalle Elena , Zavattoni Maurizio , Torsellini Maria , Sarasini Antonella , Campanini Giulia , Paolucci Stefania , Baldanti Fausto , Revello M. Grazia , Gerna Giuseppe 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn the winter season 2001–2002, 239 nasopharyngeal aspirate and 15 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 208 patients (135 pediatric and 73 adults, including 19 lung transplant recipients) admitted to hospital because of an acute respiratory tract infection were examined for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses by two diagnostic approaches: immunological, using specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb); and molecular, using specific reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR assays. Both methods detected influenza viruses A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B, human parainfluenza virus types 1 to 3, human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) types A and B, and human adenoviruses. In addition, human coronavirus (hCoV) groups I (229E‐like) and II (OC43‐like), as well as the new human metapneumovirus (hMPV), types A and B, were searched for by RT‐PCR alone. When results obtained by both methods were added, the overall percentage of patients positive for at least one respiratory virus peaked at 44.2%, involving 92/208 patients (81 pediatric, and 11 adults), while 116 patients (55.8%) were negative for any respiratory virus tested. The most common circulating virus was hRSV, infecting 54 (25.9%) patients (24 type A, and 30 type B strains), followed by hMPV, infecting 12 (5.8%) patients (7 type A and 5 type B strains). Coinfections by two respiratory viruses interested 11 (5.3%) patients, and 9 (81.8%) of these were infected by hRSV in association with another respiratory virus. In the great majority of infected children, hRSV and hMPV were associated with lower respiratory tract infections. In lung transplant recipients, viruses present in bronchoalveolar lavage appeared to be associated frequently with lower respiratory tract infections. In conclusion: the combination of immunological and molecular assays is the most sensitive approach to the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections; and infections caused by the less investigated hCoVs and hMPVs represent a fair proportion of respiratory infections. J. Med. Virol. 75:336–347, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of Schwann cell myelin formation by K252a in the Trembler‐J mouse dorsal root ganglion explant culture
Authors: Liu Ning , Varma Sushama , Shooter Eric M. , Tolwani Ravi J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe Trembler‐J (TrJ) mouse, containing a point mutation in the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene, is characterized by severe hypomyelination and is a representative model of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A disease/Dejerine‐Sottas Syndrome. Previous studies have shown that protein kinase inhibitor K252a enhances wild‐type Schwann cell myelination in culture. We used a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant culture system from the heterozygous TrJ/+ mouse to investigate if myelination could be enhanced by K252a. The TrJ/+ DRG explant cultures replicated some important features of the TrJ/+ mouse, showing reduced myelin protein accumulation, thinner myelin sheaths, and shortened myelin internodes. K252a increased myelin protein accumulation and myelin sheath thickness but did not substantially increase myelin internode length. Furthermore, the TrJ/+ DRG explant culture and sciatic nerves continued to respond to K252a during the stage when myelination is complete in the wild type. A general tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, but not inhibitors of serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors, had a similar effect to K252a. K252a is therefore able to partially overcome hypomyelination by enhancing mutant Schwann cell myelin formation in the TrJ/+ mouse. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.