bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of p53 and MIB‐1 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with regional lymph node involvement
Authors: Frank Igor , Cheville John C. , Blute Michael L. , Lohse Christine M. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Weaver Amy L. , Sebo Thomas J. , Nehra Ajay , Zincke Horst 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of p53 protein expression and MIB‐1 proliferative activity on survival and chemotherapeutic response in patients with lymph node (LN)‐positive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of these markers to predict disease‐associated outcomes and response to chemotherapy in a cohort of patients with LN‐positive TCC.METHODSThe authors examined the expression of p53 and MIB‐1 in the LN metastases from 139 patients who underwent cystectomy for TCC at their institution. P53 and MIB‐1 nuclear staining were quantified using an image‐analysis system. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test associations of these markers with death from TCC, distant metastases, and local recurrence for all patients and in the subset of patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.RESULTSThe median p53 and MIB‐1 indices were 45.2% and 30.3%, respectively. The median follow‐up was 4.5 years (range, 0.1–10 years). There were no statistically significant associations noted between the p53 and MIB‐1 indices and the outcomes studied. When the analysis was limited to patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 37 patients), the p53 index was found to have no prognostic value; however, there was a significant association between MIB‐1 and distant metastases (P = 0.049). When disease‐specific survival rates were stratified according to p53 index and chemotherapy, patients exhibited a response to chemotherapy regardless of p53 index.CONCLUSIONSp53 and MIB‐1 were not found to be associated significantly with disease‐related outcomes in patients with LN‐positive TCC. Adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to be effective regardless of p53 status. MIB‐1 may prove useful in predicting response to chemotherapy. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin in patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive histology B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Crump Michael , Baetz Tara , Couban Stephen , Belch Andrew , Marcellus Deborah , Howson‐Jan Kang , Imrie Kevin , Myers Robert , Adams Grenfell , Ding Keyue , Paul Nancy , Shepherd Lois , Iglesias Jose , Meyer Ralph 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDGemcitabine has been shown to have activity as a single agent in lymphoma and, when combined with cisplatin, is effective therapy for a number of solid tumors. The authors wished to determine the response rate and toxicity of gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin for recurrent or refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).METHODSPatients with recurrent or refractory diffuse large B‐cell NHL or variants (REAL classification), measurable disease, and one previous chemotherapy regimen were eligible. Treatment consisted of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8, dexamethasone 40 mg orally on Days 1–4, and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 i.v. on Day 1 (GDP), every 21 days as an outpatient. The primary end point was a response after two cycles. Patients could then proceed to stem cell transplantation (SCT) or receive up to six treatment cycles.RESULTSFifty‐one eligible patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range, 18–84 years) and most had diffuse large‐cell lymphoma. After 2 cycles, there were 8 complete responses (CR; 16%) and 17 partial responses (PR; 33%). There was an overall response rate (RR) of 49% (95% confidence interval = 37–63%). The RR afer completion of all protocol chemotherapy (including those who received > 2 cycles of GDP) was 53% (11 CR, 16 PR). Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurred in 33% and 39% of patients, respectively. Grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 24% and 4% of patients, respectively. Seven patients (14%) experienced febrile neutropenia. Of the 35 patients < 66 years, 22 (63%) proceeded to SCT.CONCLUSIONSGDP is an active regimen in B‐cell NHL and can be administered with acceptable toxicity to outpatients. A Phase III trial comparing GDP with standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is now ongoing through the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Monolithically integrated 64‐channel WDM channel selector based on a novel configuration
Authors: Shibata Yasuo , Kikuchi Nobuhiro , Tohmori Yuichi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn order to handle increased number of channels in WDM communication networks, a new configuration is proposed for a WDM channel selector. This selector consists of two arrayed waveguide gratings, a two‐stage semiconductor amplifier gate array, and a multiple‐input single‐output coupler. Based on this configuration, a 64‐channel WDM channel selector (the largest scale reported so far) is fabricated on an InP substrate by monolithic integration. The transmittance between fibers is measured for the fabricated chip. Lossless performance is confirmed at all channels. Also, the bit error rate is measured for a 10‐Gbit/s NRZ input signal. Excellent characteristics are observed on all channels, including error‐free operation and low penalties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(10): 46–53, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10207
Dielectric properties of microstrip‐line adaptive liquid crystal devices
Authors: Utsumi Yozo , Kamei Toshihisa , Naito Ryo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe dielectric constant of liquid crystals at microwave and millimeter‐wave frequencies is measured directly with an inductively coupled ring resonator of a microstrip line configuration, which is widely used for the development of many adaptive devices such as variable delay lines. By comparing the electromagnetic simulation value and the measured value of the resonant frequency of the ring resonator on a liquid crystal as a dielectric substrate, we can determine the relative permittivity $\varepsilon'_{//}$ for the major axis of the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the RF electric field and the relative permittivity $\varepsilon'_{\perp}$ from the major axis normal to the field, as well as the dielectric birefringence Δε′. Although it is dependent on the microstrip line configuration and viscosity of the liquid crystal, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules cannot be controlled completely. Therefore, $\varepsilon'_{//}$ becomes smaller than the permittivity of the liquid crystal material. This paper studies the cause. The physical meaning of the effective orientation coefficient ηa is elucidated from photographs indicating imperfections of the liquid crystal molecular orientation and from calculations of the electrostatic energy immediately below the conductor and elsewhere. In a microstrip line device using liquid crystal, the effective value of $\varepsilon'_{//}$ to be used in circuit design should be the value obtained by multiplying ηa by the permittivity of the material itself. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(10): 13–24, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20082
Beam‐adjustable planar arrays composed of microstrip antennas
Authors: Urata Yasuhiko , Haneishi Misao , Kimura Yuichi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA method for determining the configuration and radiation characteristics of a beam‐adjustable planar array antenna (BA‐MSAA) consisting of microstrip antennas (MSA) and parasitic MSA elements loaded with reactance devices is discussed, and fundamental design information is obtained. (1) The radiation characteristics of the stacked one‐dimensional BA‐MSAA are studied by simulation and experiments and basic design information is obtained. (2) The characteristics of a two‐dimensional BA‐MSAA consisting of a principal MSA surrounded by parasitic MSAs placed in an X configuration are studied. In addition to obtaining basic design information, the validity of the method is verified experimentally. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(10): 1–12, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20084
Evaluation method of picture quality by two‐dimensional visual model and verification of its theory using various modulated images
Authors: Kawasaki Junji , Hayashi Akira , Iijima Taizo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhen we look at an object on a screen, even if we see a black and white binary image for each individual pixel, we experience that we can recognize the pixels as a pseudo halftone image when all pixels are viewed at once. In a previous paper, we showed aspects of vision that are performed hierarchically via the external world, retina, and brain according to a one‐dimensional visual model and equivalence approximation method. The purpose of this paper is to clarify a strict, concrete analysis of evaluation methods for various types of modulated images according to a two‐dimensional visual model and construct an objective evaluation method to be used for matching with subjective evaluations. This formal method is the basis of the previously published two‐dimensional equivalence approximation method. We selected the pulse density four division image as the comparison standard and used a simple binary image, random dither image, least mean error image, and ordered dither image as modulated images to show specific values for the best numbers of approximation terms M0,N0 and obtain the measure of approximation with the reconstructed images to perform comparison inspections with subjective quality evaluations of these images. We evaluated the subjective quality by using the subjective mean ranking MOS of 15 assessors. From these results, we reconfirmed that the subjective quality of various modulated images can be objectively evaluated according to the measure of approximation. As a result, we clarified the strict, concrete analysis of evaluation methods for various types of modulated images according to the two‐dimensional visual model of the formal method and constructed an objective evaluation method to be used for matching with subjective evaluations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(10): 54–70, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20120
Oxygen radical density measurement in O2–N2 gas mixture plasma by means of a thin platinum wire
Authors: Haraki Nobuyuki , Nakano Saiensu , Ono Shigeru , Teii Shinriki 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe oxygen radical density was measured in a weakly ionized plasma in an O2–N2 gas mixture by using a simple platinum thin‐wire sensor. The increased temperatures of the platinum wire caused by the energy released in the recombination of two oxygen radicals on the platinum surface were measured by varying the nitrogen gas mixture ratio and were compared with the oxygen radical densities theoretically calculated under the same plasma conditions. The relation between the wire temperature and the oxygen radical densities was cross‐checked by quantitative measurement of oxygen radical densities with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. All of these results made it possible to determine the oxygen radical density experimentally from the platinum wire temperature alone. The influence of the ambient gas temperature on the radical density measurement is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(4): 14–20, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20018
Artificial muscle using conducting polymers
Authors: Onoda Mitsuyoshi , Kato Yoshiyuki , Shonaka Hirokazu , Tada Kazuya 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWe have investigated a method of preparing a large‐size anisotropic polypyrrole (PPy) film using a slab vessel consisting of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) walls as well as its actuation abilities. The PPy film can be grown along one side of the PTFE walls and exhibits morphological anisotropy of the PPy packing density along the thickness direction. A piece bends in a regular direction (the surface in contact with the PTFE wall) and reverts during a redox cycle without the use of any additional processes such as lamination. The actuation properties of the anisotropic PPy actuator strongly depend on the size of the cation in the driving electrolyte, and the bending behavior of this actuator at room temperature becomes slower for larger cations. On investigating the temperature dependence of actuation properties, the arrival time of the actuator (the time required for the tip of the actuator to touch the electrolyte surface upon stepwise potential change) was found to become shorter in all electrolyte solutions with different electrolytes. This result can be understood in terms of the thermally activated microscopic movement of the PPy main chains. Such behavior based on electrochemical stimulus not only provides information related to ionic transfer and storage but also suggests that the anisotropic PPy film can be put to practical use as an electrochemical actuator for artificial muscle which directly converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(4): 7–13, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20066
Development of high‐harmonic gyrotrons using a permanent magnet system
Authors: Idehara Toshitaka , Ogawa Isamu , Ohashi Ken , Iwata Yosuke 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA large‐orbit gyrotron (LOG) operating at higher harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency has been constructed by use of a permanent magnet system whose intensity is around 1 T. Operation tests have already been performed successfully up to the fourth harmonic. The operation efficiency is extremely high even at the third and fourth harmonics, because of highly efficient interaction between beam electrons and the high‐frequency electric field in the LOG. The test results of the LOG are summarized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(4): 1–6, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20084
Adaptive robust nonlinear control of a magnetic levitation system via DSC technique
Authors: Miyazaki Kouichi , Yang Zi‐Jiang , Kanae Shunshoku , Wada Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper considers the position tracking problem of a popular magnetic levitation system in the presence of modeling errors due to uncertainties of physical parameters. The recently developed dynamic surface control (DSC) technique is modified and applied to the system under study, to overcome the problem of “explosion of terms” associated with the backstepping design procedure. The input‐to‐state stability (ISS) property is ensured by the robust nonlinear damping terms, and the ultimate control error bounds are made sufficiently small by the adaptive laws. Experimental results are included to show the excellent position tracking performance of the designed control system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(4): 42–51, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20092
Wavelet algorithms for deblurring models
Authors: Ng Michael K. , Sze C. K. , Yung S. P. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBlur removal is an important problem in signal and image processing. In this article, we formulate the deblurring problem within a wavelet framework and design a methodology to find deblurring filters. Using these deblurring filters, we derive an iterative deblurring algorithm and prove its convergence. Simulation results are reported to illustrate the proposed framework and methodology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 14, 113–121, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20014
List‐mode EM algorithms for limited precision high‐resolution PET image reconstruction
Authors: Reader Andrew J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMaximum likelihood (ML) list‐mode expectation maximization (EM) reconstruction for positron emission tomography (PET) permits all acquired information to be used directly in the reconstruction process without preprocessing. This feature is particularly useful for high spatial and temporal resolution PET applications, such as high‐resolution small‐volume imaging, dynamic studies, and motion correction. However, the often substantial quantity (gigabytes) of list‐mode data results in long reconstruction times and, unless appropriate measures are taken, bias due to limited machine precision. The use of subsets of list‐mode data offers notable reduction in computing time (at least an order of magnitude), and this work shows that using subsets also overcomes the bias problem encountered in EM reconstruction on precision‐limited computational platforms. Reconstruction performance with and without subsets for both ML and non‐ML methods are compared in this article. Whereas simulated 2D data sets indicate increased variance in reconstructed voxel values through use of non‐ML subset methods, measured 3D list‐mode data show the highly accelerated non‐ML subset methods produce results that are hard to visually differentiate from those of the ML algorithms (for the common case of regularization by stopping before reaching the ML estimate). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 139–145, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20017
Marshals, monotone marshals, and hypertree‐width
Authors: Adler Isolde 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe tree‐width of a hypergraph H equals one less than the number of cops necessary to catch the robber in the Monotone Robber and Cops Game played on H. Analogously, the hypertree‐width of a hypergraph is characterised by the Monotone Robber and Marshals Game. While the Robber and Cops Game and its monotone variant coincide, Gottlob, Leone and Scarcello stated the corresponding question for the Robber and Marshals Game as an open problem. We give a negative answer. Concerning the generalised hypertree‐width, our counterexamples show that it is neither characterised by the Robber and Marshals Game nor by its monotone variant. We conclude by resuming how these hypergraph invariants are related. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 275–296 2004
Dense graphs are antimagic
Authors: Alon N. , Kaplan G. , Lev A. , Roditty Y. , Yuster R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn antimagic labeling of graph a with m edges and n vertices is a bijection from the set of edges to the integers 1,…,m such that all n vertex sums are pairwise distinct, where a vertex sum is the sum of labels of all edges incident with the same vertex. A graph is called antimagic if it has an antimagic labeling. A conjecture of Ringel (see 4) states that every connected graph, but K2, is antimagic. Our main result validates this conjecture for graphs having minimum degree Ω (log n). The proof combines probabilistic arguments with simple tools from analytic number theory and combinatorial techniques. We also prove that complete partite graphs (but K2) and graphs with maximum degree at least n – 2 are antimagic. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 297–309, 2004
How manufacturing processes affect the level of pesticide residues in tea
Authors: Sood Chitra , Jaggi Shivani , Kumar Vipin , Ravindranath SD , Shanker Adarsh 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTea (both green and black) is consumed throughout the world, both for pleasure and therapeutic purposes. Most people will be unaware of their involuntary exposure to residues of pesticides lingering in processed tea and so possibly transferring into infusions of tea. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of green tea and orthodox black tea manufacturing processes on the fate of pesticides sprayed onto tea bushes (Camellia sinensis). The fates of residues of dimethoate, quinalphos, dicofol and deltamethrin in these two different types of tea manufacturing processes were compared. For black tea, the manufacturing process involves leaf harvesting, withering, rolling, fermentation and drying; and for green tea, leaf harvesting, microwave heating, rolling and drying. The two processes resulted in the same concentration factor of plant material into the dried commodity, while the decreases in residue levels were different for different pesticides. Initial microwave heating and dehydration in the green tea manufacturing process resulted in greater loss of pesticide residues than did withering and dehydration in black tea; no significant reduction in residue level resulted from the rolling and fermentation steps in black tea. Residue levels in both green and black teas were reduced during final drying. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Local energy decay for linear wave equations with non‐compactly supported initial data
Authors: Ikehata Ryo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA local energy decay problem is studied to a typical linear wave equation in an exterior domain. For this purpose, we do not assume any compactness of the support on the initial data. This generalizes a previous famous result due to Morawetz (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 1961; 14:561–568). In order to prove local energy decay we mainly apply two types of new ideas due to Ikehata–Matsuyama (Sci. Math. Japon. 2002; 55:33–42) and Todorova–Yordanov (J. Differential Equations 2001; 174:464). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On analysis of the elasto‐viscoplastic response of single crystals with anisotropic damage: constitutive modelling and computational aspects
Authors: Lu Feng , Guang Zhang , Ke‐shi Zhang , Xu J. Q. , Hai‐dong Yu 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBased on the concept of continuum damage mechanics, an anisotropic damage model for single crystals under the theory of crystal plasticity is presented. Damage and inelastic deformations are incorporated in the proposed model which is developed within the framework of thermodynamics with internal state variables. The dependence of the plastic anisotropy on the damage evolution has been considered. The anisotropic damage is characterized kinematically here through a second‐order damage tensor which is physically based. The proposed model can successfully describe the interaction between the evolution of micro‐structure of single crystals such as lattice orientation and the hardness development of each slip system and the process of material degradation. The Newton–Raphson iterative scheme is used to integrate the constitutive equations that work directly with the evolution equations for the elastic deformation gradient. The consistent algorithmic tangent stiffness for the present algorithm is formulated. The prescribed algorithm together with the consistent algorithmic tangent stiffness has been implemented into the ABAQUS finite element code by using user subroutine. Using the loading processes with homogeneous deformations and simulation of the classical tensile test of a notched bar illustrate the basic aspects of the model described. Numerical simulations show the validation and performance of the present model and algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.