bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intercomparison of Snow Mass Budget over Arctic Sea Ice Simulated by CMIP6 Models
Authors: Chen Shengzhe , Liu Jiping , Song Mirong , Inoue Jun , Ding Yifan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Arctic has experienced rapid changes in recent decades. For the first time, we intercompare five snow mass budget processes over Arctic sea ice simulated by 22 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) using new diagnostics that have not been available for previous CMIPs. Our analysis suggests that snowfall accumulation (melt) is the dominant process contributing to nearly 100% (70.4% ± 10.1%) of the annual snow growth (loss). Snow mass change through sea ice dynamics, snow–ice conversion, and sublimation contribute 10.9% ± 4.9%, 9.7% ± 5.9%, and 9.0% ± 7.7% to the total snow mass loss. The seasonal cycle of various snow processes simulated by most of the CMIP6 models generally follows similar variations. There is reduced snowfall accumulation, melt, and sea ice dynamics during 1993–2014. However, substantial temporal and spatial discrepancies are noteworthy between the CMIP6 models. There is a large spread of snowfall accumulation and snowmelt in summer and fall, snow–ice conversion from autumn to spring, sublimation in late spring and summer, and snow mass change due to sea ice dynamics from winter to midspring. About half the models show decreasing trends of snowfall accumulation during 1993–2014, with no trends in others. Divergent trends in snow–ice conversion and sublimation occur in the Greenland and Barents Seas. The discrepancies are attributed equally to internal variability and model structural differences. Future projections that remove the identified outlier models suggest a significant reduction in snowfall accumulation, snowmelt, and snow mass change due to sea ice dynamics in the Arctic Ocean from 2015 to 2099. Snow–ice conversion and sublimation are also projected to be reduced but with less confidence.
An Evaluation of NOAA Modeled and In Situ Soil Moisture Values and Variability across the Continental United States
Authors: Marinescu Peter J. , Abdi Daniel , Hilburn Kyle , Jankov Isidora , Lin Liao-Fan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Estimates of soil moisture from two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) models are compared to in situ observations. The estimates are from a high-resolution atmospheric model with a land surface model [High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model] and a hydrologic model from the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC). Both models produce wetter soils in dry regions and drier soils in wet regions, as compared to the in situ observations. These soil moisture differences occur at most soil depths but are larger at the deeper depths below the surface (100 cm). Comparisons of soil moisture variability are also assessed as a function of soil moisture regime. Both models have lower standard deviations as compared to the in situ observations for all soil moisture regimes. The HRRR model’s soil moisture is better correlated with in situ observations for drier soils as compared to wetter soils—a trend that was not present in the CPC model comparisons. In terms of seasonality, soil moisture comparisons vary depending on the metric, time of year, and soil moisture regime. Therefore, consideration of both the seasonality and soil moisture regime is needed to accurately determine model biases. These NOAA soil moisture estimates are used for a variety of forecasting and societal applications, and understanding their differences provides important context for their applications and can lead to model improvements.

Significance Statement
Soil moisture is an essential variable coupling the land surface to the atmosphere. Accurate estimates of soil moisture are important for forecasting near-surface temperature and moisture, predicting where clouds will form, and assessing drought and fire risks. There are multiple estimates of soil moisture available, and in this study, we compare soil moisture estimates from two different National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) models to in situ observations. These comparisons include both soil moisture amount and variability and are conducted at several soil depths, in different soil moisture regimes, and for different seasons and years. This comprehensive assessment allows for an accurate assessment of biases within these models that would be missed when conducting analyses more broadly.
Age and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio as prognostic factors for autologous transplantation in the treatment of patients with follicular lymphoma
Authors: Kenyeres Anna , Kiss Evelin , Simon Zsófia , Illés Árpád , Jóna Ádám 
Published: February 2024

Objective Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, lymphoproliferative disease of B-cell origin that has a heterogeneous disease course with varying outcomes. Certain patients may undergo autologous stem cell transplantation. We investigated the outcome of autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with FL. Methods Patients who received autologous stem cell transplantation at the University of Debrecen’s Department of Hematology between 2004 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after transplantation of patients with FL were examined. Prognostic factors that may influence the course of the disease were chosen. Results Data were collected from 49 patients. OS was influenced only by age, whereas PFS was affected by age and the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio. The combination of age and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio defined a patient population with a particularly unfavorable prognostic risk profile: patients over 47 years of age with a pre-transplant lymphocyte/monocyte ratio greater than or equal to 2.675. Conclusion Age and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio were identified as useful prognostic factors for PFS in patients with FL following autologous stem cell transplantation.
Evaluation of an artificial intelligence U-net algorithm for pulmonary nodule tracking on chest computed tomography images
Authors: Takeshita Yuhei , Onozawa Shiro , Katase Shichiro , Shirakawa Yuya , Yamashita Kouji , Shudo Jun , Nakanishi Akihito , Akahori Sadato , Yokoyama Kenichi 
Published: February 2024

Objectives To apply image registration in the follow up of lung nodules and verify the feasibility of automatic tracking of lung nodules using an artificial intelligence (AI) method. Methods For this retrospective, observational study, patients with pulmonary nodules 5–30 mm in diameter on computed tomography (CT) and who had at least six months follow-up were identified. Two radiologists defined a ‘correct’ cuboid circumscribing each nodule which was used to judge the success/failure of nodule tracking. An AI algorithm was applied in which a U-net type neural network model was trained to predict the deformation vector field between two examinations. When the estimated position was within a defined cuboid, the AI algorithm was judged a success. Results In total, 49 lung nodules in 40 patients, with a total of 368 follow-up CT examinations were examined. The success rate for each time evaluation was 94% (345/368) and for ‘nodule-by-nodule evaluation’ was 78% (38/49). Reasons for a decrease in success rate were related to small nodules and those that decreased in size. Conclusion Automatic tracking of lung nodules is highly feasible.
A New Versatile Tool for Accurate Bracket Positioning—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rathor Aarohi Singh , Jani Bharvi , Shah Alap , Prasad Anisha , Thakore Kinnari 
Published: February 2024

Aim To evaluate and compare the accuracy of bracket positioning in the incisogingival and mesiodistal aspects with the MBT gauge and new multipurpose bracket positioning tool. Materials and Methods Bracket positioning of maxillary anterior teeth ( n=30) was assessed on the typhodont model. The UNC-15 (University of North Carolina) probe was modified as an MBP tool. Five different malocclusions: (a) Class II Division 1 ( n=6); (b) Class II Division 2 ( n=6); (c) Class I with mesially inclined maxillary anterior teeth ( n=6); (d) Class I with crowding in maxillary anterior teeth-3 mm ( n=6); (e) Class I with different vertical heights of maxillary anterior teeth ( n=6). The measurements of the study were divided into three groups; Group A: Central Incisor, Group B: Lateral Incisor, and Group Canine, based on positioning with MBT Gauge and MBP tool. The measurements on each tooth were recorded using vernier calliper, on the basis of which the discrepancy in vertical and axial bracket positioning was assessed. Results The comparative evaluation of the MBT gauge and MBP Tool showed statistically insignificant differences between all the groups (p>0.05). The mean standard deviation with the MBT gauge was 0.5-0.7 mm, whereas with the MBP tool was only 0.05- 0.3 mm only; suggesting clinical relevance and acuity during bracket positioning. Conclusion The MBP tool is relatively accurate and comparable to the MBT gauge as the horizontal and vertical arm of the MBP tool facilitates proper visualization by coinciding with the long axis of the tooth on the typhodont model leading to augmented precision.
Evaluation of Spin Bias in Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Rotator Cuff Repair With Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Moulton Samuel G. , Hartwell Matthew J. , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: February 2024

Background: The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in orthopaedics continues to increase. One common use of PRP is as an adjunct in rotator cuff repair surgery. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have summarized the data on PRP use in rotator cuff repair surgery. However, systematic reviews and meta-analyses are subject to spin bias, where authors’ interpretations of results influence readers’ interpretations. Purpose: To evaluate spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of PRP with rotator cuff repair surgery. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A PubMed and Embase search was conducted using the terms rotator cuff repair and PRP and systematic review or meta-analysis. After review of 74 initial studies, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics were documented, and each study was evaluated for the 15 most common forms of spin and using the AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, Version 2) rating system. Correlations between spin types and study characteristics were evaluated using binary logistic regression for continuous independent variables and a chi-square test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Results: At least 1 form of spin was found in 56% (14/25) of the included studies. In regard to the 3 different categories of spin, a form of misleading interpretation was found in 56% (14/25) of the studies. A form of misleading reporting was found in 48% (12/25) of the studies. A form of inappropriate extrapolation was found in 16% (4/25) of the studies. A significant association was found between misleading interpretation and publication year (odds ratio [OR], 1.41 per year increase in publication; 95% CI, 1.04-1.92; P = .029) and misleading reporting and publication year (OR, 1.41 per year increase in publication; 95% CI, 1.02-1.95; P = .037). An association was found between inappropriate extrapolation and journal impact factor (OR, 0.21 per unit increase in impact factor; 95% CI, 0.044-0.99; P = .048). Conclusion: A significant amount of spin was found in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of PRP use in rotator cuff repair surgery. Given the increasing use of PRP by clinicians and interest among patients, spin found in these studies may have a significant effect on clinical practice.
Evaluation of Medication Errors by Prescription Audit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Navadia Kaushal P. , Patel Chetna R. , Patel Jeenal M. , Pandya Sajal K. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives The prescription errors and prescribing fault analysis was assessed, the rationality of the prescriptions was checked, and the medication error was categorized according to the NCC MERP Index. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was designed as per STROBE guidelines and conducted for 2 months in the pharmacy stores after approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients’ written informed consent was taken before getting their prescriptions, and each of the prescriptions procured in this way was photographed for record. The completeness of 320 prescriptions of outpatients of all age groups regarding the details about the doctor and the patient and clinical diagnosis/indication was analyzed. The rationality of prescription was based on WHO core drug use indicators. Descriptive analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 320 prescriptions were analyzed from eight departments. Information about patients and prescribers was mentioned in 100% of prescriptions. The diagnosis (40%), an indication was written in 195 prescriptions. Instructions for dispensing drugs (89%), instructions to patients (90%), duration of treatment (100%), follow-up visits (19%), and non-pharmacological instructions (13%) were mentioned. In total, 82% of prescriptions were legible. In a total of 1004 drugs, 92% of drugs were prescribed with a generic name, 100% from the essential drug list. The route and frequency of drug administration were mentioned for all drugs. According to NCCMERP, the category of medication errors falls under category B. Conclusion To reduce medication errors, we can implement an electronic system, involve clinical pharmacologists, utilize prescription charts, and organize nationwide workshops on rational prescription writing. We should encourage regular prescription audits and reporting to improve the healthcare system in the country.
Expression of PSMA in Tumor-Associated Vasculature Predicts Poorer Survival in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Is Likely Associated With PD-L1
Authors: Li Rena X. , Hao Yansheng , Ettel Mark 
Published: February 2024

Background PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein recently found to be expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to characterize the expression pattern of PSMA in HCC and its association with clinicopathologic parameters and other biomarkers. Methods Immunohistochemical studies for PSMA were performed on a previously established tissue microarray of 103 surgically resected HCC. Results Conceivable PSMA expression in ≥5% tumor-associated vasculature (TAV) was considered positive, and was identified in 56 (54.4%) tumors. Eight (7.8%) tumors also showed membranous/cytoplasmic and/or canalicular staining in tumor cells. By chi-square tests, only PSMA-positive TAV was associated with moderate-to-poorly differentiated HCC and the modified higher tumor stage ( P < .05). PSMA-positive TAV was not associated with age, sex, or expression of glypican-3, keratin 7, CD3, CD8, HHLA-2, but marginally correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ( P = .052). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed PSMA-positive TAV as an independent risk factor for poorer disease-specific survival ( P = .008). Co-expression of PD-L1 did not ameliorate the adverse prognostication of PSMA-positive TAV. Membranous/cytoplasmic/canalicular expression of PSMA alone was not prognostically significant. Conclusions Our study confirmed that PSMA-positive TAV is a prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. Co-expression of PSMA with PD-L1 may suggest potential crosstalk between the 2 proteins, likely regulating the tumor microenvironment.
Coagulation Testing in Real-World Setting: Insights From a Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Bang Hae In , Lee Ja Young , Kim Hyun-Young , Shin Saeam , Nam Myung Hyun , Kim In-Suk , Kim Ji Myung , Yoon Jong-Hyun , Shin Myung-Geun , Hwang Sang Mee , Kong Sun-Young 
Published: February 2024

The objective of this survey was to gain a real-world perspective on coagulation testing by evaluating the availability of various coagulation laboratory tests, assessing specific analytic and postanalytic steps in clinical laboratories in Korea.Participants were surveyed using a 65-question questionnaire specifically focused on their coagulation testing practices related to prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), plasma-mixing studies, lupus anticoagulant (LA) tests, platelet function tests, coagulation factor assays, and the composition of hemostasis and thrombosis test panels. The survey was performed between July and September 2022.The survey achieved a 77.9% (81 of 104) response rate. PT or aPTT tests were performed directly at all participating institutions, followed by D-dimer and fibrinogen tests, platelet function test, and plasma-mixing studies in order of frequency. Variations existed in the performance of mixing test and LA assessment. Patterns of coagulating testing differed depending on the size of the hospital. The survey revealed that most laboratories conducted coagulation tests following the international guidelines such as Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and the Korean Laboratory Certification system. However, some coagulation tests, including mixing test and LA tests, are yet to be standardized in Korea.Continuous education on coagulation test methods and internal and external quality control are required to encourage laboratories to enhance the performance of coagulation testing.
Influence of aspirin on obstetric outcomes in women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus: a South-Western Sydney cohort study
Authors: Jeyaruban Andrew , Shanmugalingam Renuka , Wu Pamela , Cao Rena , Wong Vincent W , Wong Tang , Flack Jeff , Makris Angela 
Published: February 2024

Aim To investigate the effect of aspirin on obstetric outcomes in women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). Method Retrospective audit of pregnant women with PGDM from two centres in South-Western Sydney was conducted. Women were categorised into the aspirin group (prescribed aspirin before 16 weeks, gestation) and non-aspirin group (not prescribed aspirin or prescribed aspirin at or after 16 weeks, gestation). The outcomes examined were pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery and birthweight percentile. Results Of 494 women, 52 (10.5%) were in the aspirin group. Pre-eclampsia developed in 57 (12.0%) women. There was no association between aspirin use and pre-eclampsia (8 (15.4%) vs 49 (11.1%), P = 0.2). Aspirin use was not associated with difference in birthweight percentile and rate of pre-term deliveries when adjusted for maternal age, gravidity and other comorbidities. Conclusion There was no difference in the rates of pre-eclampsia, pre-term delivery, or birthweight percentile between women with PGDM in aspirin group compared to women in non-aspirin group.
Sinonasal DLBCL: molecular profiling identifies subtypes with distinctive prognosis and targetable genetic features
Authors: Eriksen Patrick R. G. , de Groot Fleur , Clasen-Linde Erik , de Nully Brown Peter , de Groen Ruben , Melchior Linea C. , Maier Andrea D. , Minderman Marthe , Vermaat Joost S. P. , von Buchwald Christian , Pals Steven T. , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Primary sinonasal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PSDLBCL) is a rare lymphoma with a variable prognosis and a unique relapse/dissemination pattern involving the central nervous system and skin. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to this heterogeneity and progression pattern remain uncharted, hampering patient-tailored treatment. To investigate associated mechanisms, we analyzed clinical data and used immunohistochemistry, gene-expression profiling, cytogenetics, and next-generation sequencing in a cohort of 117 patients with PSDLBCL. The distribution in cell-of-origin (COO) was 68 (58%) activated B-cell (ABC), 44 (38%) germinal center B-cell (GCB), and 5 (4%) unclassifiable. COO was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and lymphoma-specific mortality (LSM) in both the overall cohort (5-year PFS: ABC, 43% vs GCB, 73%; LSM: ABC, 45% vs GCB, 14%) and in the subgroup of patients receiving immunochemotherapy (5-year PFS: ABC, 55% vs GCB, 85%; LSM: ABC, 28% vs GCB, 0%). ABC lymphomas were mainly MCD class, showing a high prevalence of MYD88 (74%) and CD79B (35%) mutations compared with GCB lymphomas (MYD88 23%; CD79B 10%) (P &lt; .01). The ABC subtype frequently displayed cMYC/BCL2 coexpression (76% vs 18% GCB; P &lt; .001) and HLA-II loss (48% vs 10% GCB; P &lt; .001). PD-L1 expression and copy-number alterations were rare. All lymphomas were Epstein-Barr virus-negative. Our data suggest molecular profiling as a potent tool for detecting prognostic subgroups in PSDLBCL, exposing links to known relapse/dissemination sites. The ABC subgroup’s MCD genetic features, shared with lymphomas at other nonprofessional lymphoid sites, make them potential candidates for targeted B-cell and toll-like receptor signaling therapy.
Cysteine-binding adjuvant enhances survival and promotes immune function in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Slezak Anna J. , Chang Kevin , Beckman Taryn N. , Refvik Kirsten C. , Alpar Aaron T. , Lauterbach Abigail L. , Solanki Ani , Kwon Jung Woo , Gomes Suzana , Mansurov Aslan , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic vaccination has long been a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy but is often limited by tumor heterogeneity. The genetic and molecular diversity between patients often results in variation in the antigens present on cancer cell surfaces. As a result, recent research has focused on personalized cancer vaccines. Although promising, this strategy suffers from time-consuming production, high cost, inaccessibility, and targeting of a limited number of tumor antigens. Instead, we explore an antigen-agnostic polymeric in situ cancer vaccination platform for treating blood malignancies, in our model here with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Rather than immunizing against specific antigens or targeting adjuvant to specific cell-surface markers, this platform leverages a characteristic metabolic and enzymatic dysregulation in cancer cells that produces an excess of free cysteine thiols on their surfaces. These thiols increase in abundance after treatment with cytotoxic agents such as cytarabine, the current standard of care in AML. The resulting free thiols can undergo efficient disulfide exchange with pyridyl disulfide (PDS) moieties on our construct and allow for in situ covalent attachment to cancer cell surfaces and debris. PDS-functionalized monomers are incorporated into a statistical copolymer with pendant mannose groups and TLR7 agonists to target covalently linked antigen and adjuvant to antigen-presenting cells in the liver and spleen after IV administration. There, the compound initiates an anticancer immune response, including T-cell activation and antibody generation, ultimately prolonging survival in cancer-bearing mice.