bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the influence of far UV-C (222 nm) and UV-C (254 nm) treatment on the physicochemical and microbial properties of milk in an annular flow reactor
Authors: Gadodia Vigyan , Ahlawat Kiran , Ish Ambar , Jangra Ramavtar , Jain Neha , Prakash Ram 
Published: February 2025

The quest for alternatives to traditional cold chain preservation and heat-based shelf-life extension has become increasingly important in recent years. As a result, investigation into the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the physicochemical properties of various substances, including milk, has gained significant attention. UV-C light, in particular, is recognized for its effectiveness in inactivating a wide range of bacteria and spores in aqueous solutions. This work aims to design a continuous annular UV reactor for milk treatment to examine the impacts on milk’s microbial and physicochemical characteristics and compare these outcomes to those achieved through conventional pasteurization methods. For the same, a 11 W conventional UV-C lamp (254 nm) and an in house designed 17.5 W far UV-C (222 nm) lamp have been used. The key parameters, such as pH, conductivity, temperature, fat/solid not fat, and microbial load, are assessed. The UV dosage supplied to milk samples is determined using actinometry and measured to be 6.16 J/ml. The methylene blue reduction test of milk increases up to more than 5 h, with just four passes through the UV reactor. Approximately 5 log reductions in the Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus have been achieved in just three passes (residence time 24.3 s) of whole milk. The results obtained are compared to those obtained using the pasteurization technique. We found that the proposed UV reactor has an identical performance in inactivating the micro-organisms compared to pasteurization without altering the physico-chemical properties. This suggests the possibility of utilizing UV sources to improve milk’s safety, quality, and shelf life. This study expands the scope of applications for UV-C irradiation as a feasible non-thermal method in the dairy industry.
Longitudinal wave propagation determination in concrete specimen under impact loading by ultrahigh-speed camera image sequence and strain gauge data analysis
Authors: Duran Vergara Laura Camila , Leicht Lena , Beckmann Birgit , Maas Hans-Gerd 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To demonstrate the potential of an ultrahigh-speed camera with frame rates beyond a million images per second for high dynamic material analysis, cylindrical concrete specimens are tested under compression at strain rates up to 164.3 s−1 in a split Hopkinson pressure bar facility. The evaluation includes the determination of the actual longitudinal wave propagation velocity and the induced longitudinal deformations. The results obtained from image sequence analysis are validated with those obtained by the well-established strain gauge measuring technique that estimate the specimen deformation in the same facility. Data analysis for both measuring techniques is based on the one-dimensional wave theory. Image quality challenges affecting the material analysis are overcome by applying a Bézier fitting filter to the image sequences. Using the image-sequence-based approach to select stress-wave-induced motion points, different wave characteristics are acquired. Subsequently, selecting the points in compression during the first stress wave transit yields longitudinal wave propagation velocities up to 2995  m s−1 with a standard deviation of 265 m s−1. From the validation results, first, an observed bilateral complementarity of both techniques enables a comprehensive analysis of the specimen deformation. Second, individual discrepancies between the material properties obtained from both techniques up to ultimate compressive strength for deformation, velocity, strain, and stress of 20.8 %, 14.4 %, 8.3 %, and 10.0 %, respectively, are achieved.
Detecting the droplet and bubble in the oil-gas-water three-phase medium via ultrasonic A-scan signal-assisted B-mode imaging method
Authors: TIAN Sheng , Tan Chao , Zhang Zhixing , Dong Feng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurately detecting the parameters of bubbles and droplets in the oil-gas-water three-phase medium is essential to critical decision-making about industrial production. An ultrasonic A-scan signal-assisted B-mode imaging (AS-assisted-BI) method that combines a B-mode imaging (BI) method and an A-scan signal (AS) method is developed to simultaneously visualize the oil-gas-water three-phase medium, distinguish the gas bubble and oil droplet, and measure the parameters about their sizes and locations. The applicability of the plane wave imaging (PWI) method for visualizing the oil-gas-water three-phase medium with less computational cost was confirmed. Then, the influence of the bubble and droplet characteristics, such as acoustic impedance difference, size, and location, upon the ultrasonic propagation mechanism are studied to understand the B-mode image and A-scan signal as the design basis of the BI and AS method. The BI method locates the least key points from the B-mode image based on the PWI method compared with the conventional industrial B-mode image method. The AS method automatically locates the key point from the A-scan signal rather than manually marking it in the previous study. Two options for the AS-assisted-BI method, suitable for different detection requirements and applications, have been designed. The numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method received excellent precision, robustness, and efficiency for detecting the acoustic impedance difference between the bubble and droplet, the longitudinal location of the bubble front surface, and the droplet’s size and center location.
In-vitro and microdosimetric study of proton boron capture therapy and neutron capture enhanced proton therapy
Authors: Jacobsen Villads , Pan Vladimir A , Tran Linh T , Vohradsky James , Bønnelykke Jonas , Schmidt Herø Cecilie , Johansen Jacob G , Tobias Frederiksen Anders , Singers Sørensen Brita , Busk Morten , Sauerwein Wolfgang A G , Rosenfeld Anatoly B , Bassler Niels 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. The clinical advantage of proton therapy, compared to other types of irradiations, lies in its reduced dose to normal tissue. Still, proton therapy faces challenges of normal tissue toxicity and radioresistant tumors. To combat these challenges, proton boron capture therapy (PBCT) and neutron capture enhanced particle therapy (NCEPT) were proposed to introduce high-LET radiation in the target volume. Approach. In this work, we performed in-vitro experiments with a V79 cell line to validate PBCT and introduced a novel approach to use NCEPT in proton therapy. We quantified the effectiveness of PBCT and NCEPT with microdosimetric measurements, Monte-Carlo simulations and microdosimetric kinetic RBE model (MKM). Main results. No RBE increase was observed for PBCT. With the use of a tungsten spallation source, enough neutrons were generated in the incoming proton beam to measure significant neutron capture in the microdosimeter. However, no significant increase of RBE was detected when conventional in vitro protocol was followed. The resulting cell deactivation based RBE for NCEPT was found to be heavily dependent on which criteria was used to determine surviving colonies. Significance. PBCT and NCEPT are two proposed treatment modalities that may have the potential to expand the cases in which proton therapy can be beneficial. Understanding the scope of these treatment methods and developing measurement protocols to evaluate and understand their RBE impact are the first step to quantify their potential in clinical context.
Unlocking the advantage of qubit communication in multi-node network configurations
Authors: Chakraborty Ananya , Gopalkrishna Naik Sahil , Lobo Edwin Peter , Patra Ram Krishna , Sen Samrat , Alimuddin Mir , Mukherjee Amit , Banik Manik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The extension of point-to-point communication to multi-node configurations has significant applications in internet and telecommunication networks. Quantum resources promise notable advantages in such settings. Here, we demonstrate a novel quantum advantage in simulating multiple access channels (MACs)-a common network configuration where multiple distant senders transmit messages to a single receiver (e.g. the uplink from several mobile phones to a server). Specifically, we show that qubit transmission outperforms its classical counterpart, even when the latter is supplemented with classical shared randomness. Remarkably, unlike the seminal quantum superdense coding protocol, this advantage is achieved without any pre-shared entanglement between the senders and the receiver-a feat prohibited by Holevo and Frenkel–Weiner no-go theorems in the one-sender-one-receiver scenario. The receiver’s ability to simultaneously decode quantum systems from multiple senders underpins this distinct advantage in the MAC setup. Some of our MAC designs are inspired by constructs in quantum foundations, such as the Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem and ‘quantum nonlocality without entanglement’. Beyond network applications, this quantum advantage reveals a deeper connection to ‘quantum nonlocality without inputs’ phenomenon and suggests potential for semi-device-independent certification of entangled measurements.
Impact of weld pool geometry on the welding temperature field of 50mm thick Q460-GJ steel plates
Authors: Sun Xuejun , Mao Congbing , Fu Yanqing , Cui Haixin , Ma Guangzhe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article utilizes finite element software to calculate and analyze the impact of the molten pool geometry on the welding temperature field during the multi-layer and multi-pass welding process of Q460-GJ steel plates. Addressing the issue of how the molten pool shape affects the peak temperature and temperature distribution of each weld pass during welding, a finite element simulation was conducted for a thick plate with seven layers and 22 weld passes using numerical simulation. By adjusting the size of the double-ellipsoidal heat source model, finite element results considering the impact of the molten pool geometry were obtained. The results show that in the model without considering the molten pool geometry, the temperature of each weld pass ranges from 900°C to 2400°C, with 85% of the area having a temperature higher than 1500°C. In contrast, in the model considering the molten pool geometry, the temperature of each weld pass ranges from 2000°C to 2200°C, with 100% of the area having a temperature higher than 1500°C. The results considering the molten pool geometry are more consistent with the actual conditions.
On the crystallography of plastic flow instabilities in FCC metals during impact loading: a study modelled on copper single crystals
Authors: Paul Henryk , Puchlerska Sandra , Mania Izabela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The formation of shear bands (SBs) at high strain rates directly precedes the fracture of metals. Their appearance in the microstructure signals a reduction or complete loss of the load-bearing properties of a metallic parts. This paper analyses the crystallographic aspects of the mechanism responsible for the occurrence of this form of unstable metal flow under model conditions. The study examined Cu single crystals with unstable orientations close to C{112}<111> and S{123}<634>, which were deformed to logarithmic strains of 0.9 in a channel-die, with the punch driven by explosive energy to achieve a strain rate of 4 × 105 s−1. Microstructure and texture evolutions were characterized across a wide range of scales, primarily using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In both orientations analysed, the extremely high strain rate leads to intense deformation twinning, on all four {111} planes. The appearance of compact twin bundles of two generation, directly precedes the formation of SB. In each of the analysed cases, the rigid-body rotation of the crystal lattice in the band region, along with twinning in the reoriented matrix platelets, increases the density of texture components around the G{110}<001> orientation.
Synthesis and characterization of novel 5-substituted indanones via Suzuki coupling reactions
Authors: Ökten Salih , Derin Yavuz , Yilmaz Raşit Fikret , Tutar Ahmet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
1-Indanone and its derivatives are well known for their diverse biological activities, making them valuable scaffolds in drug design and medicinal chemistry. Among the various synthetic methodologies available for modifying such structures, the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is a prominent approach for constructing carbon-carbon bonds. In this study, the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromo-1-indanone with four different boronic acids—phenylboronic acid, 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid, 4-thiomethylphenylboronic acid, and 4-ethylphenylboronic acid—was investigated. The reactions yielded the corresponding 5-substituted indanone derivatives, which were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to confirm their structures and assess their purity. This study demonstrates the efficiency and versatility of the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in functionalizing 1-indanone derivatives, providing a robust route for synthesizing structurally diverse compounds with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. The newly synthesized and characterized 5-indanone derivatives have potential applications in the development of new drug candidates. These compounds may contribute to advancements in treatments for various diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, by integrating into biologically active structures.
Investigate the aluminium 1050-H4 microstructure, hardness, and wear characteristics when reinforced with maize cob particles
Authors: Pita M. , Lebea L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the effects of creating composite materials, which are classified as advanced materials, is a change to their mechanical properties. In this study, the effect of reinforcing aluminium 1050-H4 using corn-cob particles were investigated. Prior to being examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the corn cob was crushed and milled in the experiment using a Aimil machine. The hardness, microstructure and wear behavior test were carried out. The aluminium alloy reinforced with corn cob particles of two distinct diameters, <0.425 mm and 0.425 mm, to create the composites. Casted samples were characterized by scanning Electron microscope (SEM). The findings indicate that adding maize cob particles larger than 0.425 mm in diameter improves the mechanical characteristics (hardness) of the aluminium matrix composite by 6.9% and raises its coefficient of friction and wear rate.
Alternative cosmologies
Authors: López-Corredoira Martín 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A few remarkable examples of alternative cosmological theories are shown, ranging from a compilation of variations on the Standard Model (inhomogeneous universe, Cold Big Bang, varying physical constants or gravity law, zero-active mass, Milne cosmology, cyclical models), through the more distant quasi-steady-state cosmology, plasma cosmology, or universe models as a hypersphere such as the Dynamic Universe, to the most exotic cases including static models with non-cosmological redshifts of galaxies.
Most cosmologists do not usually work within the framework of alternative cosmologies very different from the standard one because they feel that these are not at present as competitive as the standard model. It is true that they are not so developed, but that is because cosmologists do not work on them. This vicious circle is to a great extent due to a sociological phenomenon known as the “snowball effect”, in which resources are distributed to the most successful theory at a given time; the effect acts as a potential in a field that attracts cosmologists, causing funds, research positions, prestige, telescope time, publication in top journals, citations, conferences, and other resources to be dedicated almost exclusively to standard cosmology.
On the Motivations for Seeking a Theory of Quantum Gravity
Authors: Crowther Karen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While there are some empirical problems that could suggest the need for a theory of quantum gravity, most of these are not standardly taken as motivations for seeking a new theory. Rather, the quest for a theory of quantum gravity has been primarily motivated, guided, and constrained by philosophical and theoretical concerns. A critical examination of these can help us better understand what the theory is supposed to achieve—and, further, what it should be expected to achieve. On the other hand, there are various approaches towards finding a theory of quantum gravity, with different aims, methods, and starting-points—they disagree on what the theory is supposed to be like. A relevant question is then: what is it that unites these approaches such that we classify them as approaches to quantum gravity? This paper argues that a basic characterisation of the theory can be given in terms of the minimal shared motivation across these different approaches, and that this itself can be seen as motivated by various other problems that have been appealed to as reasons for seeking a theory of quantum gravity.
The Dynamic Universe
Authors: Suntola Tuomo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We are accustomed to thinking that the relativity of observations results from variations in time and distance, as taught by the theory of relativity. This theory is built on kinematics and metrics. Historically, this observer-centered approach was natural due to the lack of a deeper understanding of physics and space. The Dynamic Universe theory offers a different perspective. It incorporates our current understanding of space and the physics underlying atomic processes. In this framework, relativity can be understood as a direct consequence of the conservation of total energy and the connection between the local and the whole. DU uses time and distance as universal coordinate quantities, essential for human comprehension. DU describes space as a spherically closed entity, specifically a 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional sphere (often called a “3-sphere” in mathematics). In this model, the energies of gravitation and motion are in balance, which links the speed of light and the rest energy of matter to the expansion of space. As a result, the locally available rest energy and the rate of physical processes become functions of the state of motion and gravitation. DU offers a framework that unifies relativity and quantum phenomena. It provides precise predictions for observations ranging from microsystems to cosmology, along with a comprehensible picture of the universe as a whole.
Beyond wave-particle dualism: How Suntola’s mass-wave concept unites physics and metaphysics
Authors: Kallio-Tamminen Tarja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article evaluates the significance of Tuomo Suntola’s Dynamic Universe (DU) theory from physical, metaphysical, and cultural perspectives. It demonstrates how Suntola’s concept of the mass wave, derived by removing the speed of light from Planck’s constant, resolves the wave-particle dualism, enabling a better understanding of quantum phenomena and the nature of reality. Within DU, the Newtonian mechanical and deterministic clockwork world is replaced by a dynamic and self-organizing entity that develops completely according to law, but not deterministically. This unified formalism encompasses phenomena dealt with by relativity theory, cosmology, and quantum physics, providing a comprehensive world-view where events can be described objectively in an immutable 4-dimensional coordinate system. Such a scientific revolution, replacing abstract and unintuitive standard theories with an entire world-view, allows for a deeper understanding of reality and our place within it. The restoration of a comprehensible overall map could improve the quality of human performance in both environmental matters and personal lives.
Infrared measurements of the JWST suggest that our dynamic universe is spatially closed
Authors: Křížek Michal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global geometry and shape of the physical universe may be revealed by observing objects at large cosmological redshift z, since for small z the universe seems almost flat. Recent infrared measurements of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) indicate that there exist very luminous galaxies at distances z ≥ 13 that should not exist according to the standard ΛCDM cosmological model for the flat universe with curvature index k = 0. We introduce a spacetime-lens principle that could explain why these very distant galaxies shine so much. We show that the observed large flux luminosities may be mere optical effects due to the positive curvature index k = 1 of an expanding 3-sphere modeling our physical universe in time. For Euclidean or hyperbolic geometries such large flux luminosities seem implausible. This suggests that the right model of a homogeneous and isotropic physical universe for each fixed time instant is a 3-sphere. The standard cosmological model is based on the normalized Friedmann equation ΩM + ΩΛ + Ω
k
= 1, where ΩM + ΩΛ = 1 by measurements. We also show that this does not imply that Ω
k
= 0 and k = 0 as it is often claimed.
Was David Bohm a Wave Function Realist?
Authors: Pylkkänen Paavo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the more radical ideas to have emerged in recent metaphysics of quantum theory is wave function realism, according to which the fundamental spatial framework of the world is one of very many dimensions. At first sight this idea sounds similar to the notion of a multidimensional implicate order the physicist David Bohm proposed on the basis of quantum theory in the 1980s. This paper briefly considers Bohm’s various attempts to provide a realist interpretation of the wave function in order to clarify whether or not Bohm was anticipating and even endorsing wave function realism with his implicate order theory. The underlying question is what quantum theory — and non-locality in particular — is trying to tell us about the more fundamental nature of the physical world.
Can physics and neuroscience allow for free will?
Authors: Liljenström Hans 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While most of us feel we make decisions and can act out of free will, science seems to say we cannot. Neither deterministic laws of nature, acting in our macroscopic world, nor indeterministic quantum processes at microscopic levels, appear to allow for any free will. In addition, psychophysical experiments of voluntary actions by Libet and others seem to indicate that the brain decides our actions up to seconds before we are aware that we make a decision to act. All of these reasons have been taken as arguments for free will being an illusion. Here, I will discuss some of the perceived problems with free will, and how alternative interpretations of theories and experiments may lead to a different conclusion regarding the existence of free will. I will also argue that contemporary physics is insufficient for dealing with the behavior of complex biological systems, and in particular consciousness and agency. I conclude that, in order to allow for consciousness and free will, science needs to be extended beyond chance and necessity, which currently are the only models of explanation science can provide.