bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal outcomes of a cohort of pregnancies affected by non‐immune hydrops fetalis
Authors: Critchlow Elizabeth , Wodoslawsky Sascha , Makhamreh Mona M. , Rice Stephanie M. , Turan Ozhan M. , Firman Brandy , McLaren Rodney , Araji Sara , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the maternal outcomes of a prospective cohort of non‐immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) pregnancies with negative standard‐of‐care evaluations.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of NIHF pregnancies with negative work‐ups (infection, alloimmune anemia, fetomaternal hemorrhage, and chromosomal disorders). Outcomes were obstetric complications, including pre‐eclampsia, mirror syndrome, preterm birth, polyhydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal mental health.ResultsForty pregnancies were included. Four patients developed pre‐eclampsia (4/40, 10.0%); three occurred postpartum. None was diagnosed with mirror syndrome. Of the 31 continued pregnancies, 16 (51.6%) resulted in early fetal death or stillbirth and 15 (48.4%) resulted in live births. Of the 15 live births, 8 (53.3%) were delivered by primary cesarean delivery; 5 (62.5%) were for hydrops fetalis. Eleven live births (73.3%) were delivered preterm; 9 (81.8%) were indicated, most commonly for fetal indications (7/9, 77.8%). Polyhydramnios occurred in 14/40 (35.0%) cases. Where EBL was recorded (n=37), there were 5 (13.5%) cases of postpartum hemorrhage and an additional 3 (8.1%) had uterine atony without hemorrhage. Eighteen patients (18/40, 45.0%) had new‐onset or exacerbated depression or anxiety symptoms.ConclusionOur study identified several important adverse outcomes of pregnancies complicated by NIHF with negative standard‐of‐care evaluations, including a high rate of postpartum pre‐eclampsia and worsened mental health. We identified a higher rate of cesarean delivery and preterm birth, both primarily for fetal indications. We also observed the known relationship between polyhydramnios, hemorrhage, and atony, but noted that this risk included pregnancies concluding in dilation and evacuation. Counseling after a diagnosis of NIHF should include these adverse outcomes.
Controlling the Growth of Microcystis Using Surged Artificial Aeration
Authors: Lilndenschmidt Karl‐Erich 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of lake mixing, due to artificial hypolimnetic aeration, on the succession and ecological composition of selected phytoplankton species in Tegeler See, Berlin. Special attention is given to Microcystis, a nuisance bloom‐forming blue‐green algae and its competitor (in this lake) Ceratium, a dinoflagellate. Due to the installation configuration, the aerators frequently destratified the lake, especially when the stratification was weak. Five years representing three different operating schemes of the 15 aerators (continuous aeration, non‐aeration and surge aeration) in this lake were used to determine possible aeration strategies in controlling Microsystis. In order to ease correlation of the mixing status in the lake with its yearly successions of phytoplankton growth a non‐dimensional parameter called the Lake number was utilised. This parameter represents a balance between: i) forcing due to wind and aerator discharge and ii) potential energy acquired from the stratification of the lake. The results indicate that surged operation of the aerators is effective in suppressing massive growth of Microcystis. Due to their ability to adapt to the mixing/stability state of the water column, prolonged aeration or prolonged stable stratified conditions have little effect in controlling this algae.
Impact of Headwater Stream Acidification on the Trophic Structure of Macroinvertebrate Communities
Authors: Dangles Olivier , Guérold François 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn order to investigate the impact of freshwater acidification on the trophic structure of macroinvertebrate communities, we performed a study on 22 forested headwater streams characterised by different degrees of acidification (mean pH = 4.49 to 6.98). Results showed that in acidic streams all functional feeding groups were affected in terms of taxonomic richness. As far as the population density was concerned, only a few acid‐tolerant taxa of shredders and predators showed an increasing abundance under acidic conditions. Trophic structure of acidified streams appeared to be deeply impacted with a large contribution of shredders and a complete disappearance of scrapers. In contrast, in circumneutral streams, we found that each functional feeding group had an almost equal share of the trophic web.
Vertiquant: A Device for Automatically Recording Vertical Migration of Plankton
Authors: Vareschi Ekkehard , Reuter Rainer , Brandorff Dietmar , Jannsen Manfred , König Edmund , Wübben Dirk L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVertical migration is a key subject in understanding zooplankton ecology and its influence on aquatic ecosystems. This paper introduces a device for automatically recording vertical plankton migrations to study proximate factors regulating the stimulus, timing and amplitude of these movements under controlled laboratory conditions. The instrument records the light scattered by organisms at their respective depths and processes the signals in real time to a graphic representation of the organisms vertical distribution. Organisms of different taxa from a size of <40 μ, to > 10 000 μm were used for these experiments. Daphnia migrations in response to UV light are used to demonstrate the basic functions of the instrument.
Dynamic Properties of Recruitment, Expansion and Mortality of Macrophyte Patches in Streams
Authors: Sand‐Jensen Kaj , Andersen Karsten , Andersen Tine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStreams are physically perturbed habitats with high demands on the dispersal and recruitment to maintain plant populations. Yet, little is known about these important demographic processes for stream plants. Therefore, we studied the monospecific vegetation of Callitriche cophocarpa in a small Danish lowland stream to determine: 1) the importance of drifting shoots and seeds for recruitment of plants, and 2) the influence of water flow, light availability and patch size on recruitment, growth and mortality processes. We found that the majority (about 90%) of new colonising patches of plant stands derived from drifting shoots being caught around protruding stones, while few developed from seeds. Many new patches were lost in the flowing water before roots became well established. Flow exposure of the patches resulted in the main growth taking place in the downstream direction. Combined areal cover of Callitriche patches on the stream bottom reached an upper limit of about 70%, probably because areal expansion above this threshold was constrained by strong shear forces and coarse substrata developing in the flow channels between the patches. We discuss why efficient shoot dispersal and vegetative growth documented here for Callitriche is an optimal plant strategy in flow‐perturbed streams in contrast to the production of numerous small seeds but limited vegetative spread among ruderal plants in perturbed habitats on land.
The Effects of a Developing Biofilm on Chemical Changes across the Sediment‐Water Interface in a Freshwater Environment
Authors: Woodruff Sarah L. , House W. Alan , Callow Maureen E. , Leadbeater Barry S. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe development of a diatom biofilm on a river sediment was studied using a fluvarium channel with intensive investigations over a total duration of 16 days. The overlying solution was monitored for dissolved calcium, silicon and soluble reactive phosphorus, pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature. The surface of the sediment was sampled for chlorophyll a, algal cell density and porewater profile measurements of calcium concentration, pH and dissolved oxygen were made using microelectrodes. At the end of the experiment the sediment was longitudinally sectioned and porewaters isolated and analysed.A diatom biofilm developed within approximately 5 days leading to a decrease in the concentrations of dissolved silicon and phosphorus in the overlying solution. After approximately 270 hours, the dissolved silicon concentration remained low (average of 6.7 μM). As the diatom numbers increased, photosynthetic activity was evident from increases in dissolved oxygen and pH at the interface. By the end of the experiment diurnal changes in the overlying solution of dissolved calcium, alkalinity and soluble reactive phosphorus were evident. Vertical concentration gradients in dissolved calcium, phosphorus and silicon in the sediment porewater were found at the end of the experiment.The results are consistent with the development of a photosynthetically active diatom biofilm that acted as a barrier to the diffusion of silicon from the porewater. It also induced precipitation and dissolution of calcite and co‐precipitation of phosphate with calcite. Chemical fluxes of silicon, calcium and phosphorus were estimated from concentration gradients in the sediment and found to be much smaller than fluxes measured from changes in the bulk solution indicating that processes at the sediment‐water interface and biofilm mainly control the flux to the overlying solution.
Long‐Term Effectiveness of Enalapril plus Extended‐Release Diltiazem in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Applegate William , Cohen Jerome D. , Wolfson Paul , Davis Archie , Green Stephen 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new combination product, enalapril‐diltiazem ER, when administered over the long term.Design. Open‐label, titration to response, with treatment lasting 46 weeks after a 6‐week, double‐blind phase.Setting. Medical clinics in the private and academic sectors.Patients. Of 265 patients (68% men, 83% Caucasian, mean age 54.9 yrs) with essential hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure 95–115 mm Hg) enrolled, 167 completed the trial.Interventions. Patients received either the dosage of enalapril‐diltiazem ER that they were given during the double‐blind phase, or were prescribed enalapril 5 mg‐diltiazem ER 120 mg once/day. The dosage was increased until blood pressure was controlled or to a maximum of enalapril 10‐diltiazem ER 360 mg/day.Measurements and Main Results. Combination therapy decreased sitting blood pressures by −11.1/−10.6 mm Hg. Overall, 58% of the patients achieved a sitting diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or below at the end of the study. There was no evidence of tolerance to the agents' antihypertensive effects. The most common drug‐related adverse events were cough, headache, dizziness, and asthenia or fatigue.Conclusion. The combination effectively managed essential hypertension when administered on a long‐term basis and was generally well tolerated. It should improve both compliance and management of hypertension.
The Effect of Flurbiprofen on Steady‐State Plasma Lithium Levels
Authors: Hughes Barbara McGee , Small Ralph E. , Brink Douglas , McKenzie Norma D. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the effects of flurbiprofen therapy on the pharmacokinetics of lithium.Design. Placebo‐controlled, single‐blind, crossover study.Setting. University‐affiliated hospital.Patients. Eleven healthy women with bipolar disorder.Interventions. The subjects received therapeutic doses of lithium administered as an immediate‐release capsule every 12 hours. In addition, they received one placebo tablet every 12 hours during phase I and flurbiprofen 100 mg every 12 hours during phase II of the study.Measurements and Main Results. Steady‐state pharmacokinetic parameters were measured for each phase. Lithium trough plasma concentration (Cmin) and area under the curve were statistically significantly increased (p<0.05) when patients received flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen also caused decreases in lithium clearance and 24‐hour lithium urine excretion, although the changes did not reach statistical significance. Clinically significant increases in Cmin appeared to be associated with a greater than 1000‐μg/24 hour decrease in urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2.Conclusion. Patients with clinically normal renal function may experience an increase in lithium levels with the initiation of flurbiprofen therapy.
Patient Self‐Reporting of Compliance Does Not Correspond with Electronic Monitoring: An Evaluation Using Isosorbide Dinitrate as a Model Drug
Authors: Straka Robert J. , Fish Jeffrey T. , Benson Steven R. , Suh J. Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To assess the accuracy of patient‐kept diaries relative to electronic monitoring of compliance with isosorbide dinitrate prescribed 3 times/day for ischemic heart disease.Design. Unblinded, prospective, three‐phase study.Methods. Patients with coronary artery disease prescribed isosorbide dinitrate 3 times/day were asked to record the time of administration of each dose in a pocket diary while being monitored for compliance with a computerized Medication‐Event Monitoring System (MEMS‐4) vial that electronically recorded the date and time the vial was opened.Results. Sixty‐eight stable outpatients with documented coronary artery disease who were prescribed isosorbide dinitrate 3 times/day were evaluated. Based on a prospectively chosen definition including a nitrate‐free period, the mean (± SD) overall compliance rates were 71% (± 30) versus 55% (± 32) for the patient‐kept diaries and the MEMS vials respectively (p=0.001). The concordance between patient‐kept diaries and MEMS data indicate that 67% of patients overestimate their compliance when using a self‐recording tool. An average of 30% of diary entries were in error compared with the MEMS vial recordings.Conclusions. Patient‐kept diaries statistically overestimate actual compliance relative to that determined by MEMS devices. Given the prevalence of the use of diaries as the predominant tool on which researchers depend to document compliance with study drugs, our findings suggest that this practice should be reevaluated specifically when the time of the dose and documentation of administration are critical to qualifying the outcome of drug therapy. Such is the case with isosorbide dinitrate use in patients with ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, the overall poor compliance documented in this study suggests that the utility of isosorbide dinitrate prescribed 3 times/day be reevaluated as a clinically effective antianginal drug.
Pharmacokinetics of Pyrazinamide under Fasting Conditions, with Food, and with Antacids
Authors: Peloquin Charles A. , Bulpitt Amy E. , Jaresko George S. , Jelliffe Roger W. , James Gordon T. , Nix David E. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To determine intrasubject and intersubject variability in, and the effects of food and antacids on, the pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide (PZA).Design. Randomized, four‐period, crossover phase I study.Subjects. Fourteen healthy men and women volunteers.Interventions. Subjects ingested single doses of PZA 30 mg/kg under fasting conditions twice, without a high‐fat meal and with an aluminum‐magnesium antacid. They also received standard dosages of isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol.Measurements and Main Results. Serum was collected for 48 hours and assayed by gas chromatography with mass selective detector. Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods and a compartmental analysis using nonparametric expectation maximization. Both fasting conditions produced similar results: mean PZA Cmax 53.4 ± 10.4 μg/ml, Tmax 1.43 ± 1.06 hours, and AUC0‐∞, 673 ± 79.7 μg·hr/ml. Fasting results are similar to those in previous reports. In the presence of antacids, subjects had a mean Cmax of 55.6 ± 9.0 μg/ml, Tmax of 1.43 ± 1.23 hours, and AUC0‐∞ of 628 ± 88.4 μg·hr/ml. In the presence of the high‐fat meal, mean Cmax was 45.6 ± 9.44 μg/ml, Tmax 3.09 ± 1.74 hours, and AUC0‐∞ 687 ± 116 μg·hr/ml.Conclusions. These small changes in Cmax. Tmax, and AUC0‐∞. can be avoided by giving PZA on an empty stomach whenever possible.Conclusion: Serum concentrations in this study were consistent with those described previously. In addition, PZA's kinetic behavior was consistent between fasting treatments. Antacids and food had minimal effects on the agent's absorption. Samples drawn between 0.5 and 3 hours after dosing approached Cmax for most subjects, with 1 hour being closest. Samples drawn as early as day 2 of daily PZA therapy will produce serum concentrations that approach steady‐state values.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine in Adults with Epilepsy
Authors: Graves Nina M. , Brundage Richard C. , Wen Yandong , Cascino Greg , So Elson , Ahman Peter , Rarick John , Krause Sandra , Leppik Ilo E. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To conduct a population pharmacokinetic analysis of carbamazepine (CBZ).Design. Retrospective chart review.Setting. Ambulatory neurology clinics at three medical centers.Patients. Patients diagnosed with epilepsy from 1991–1995. The index set included 829 adults receiving CBZ. A separate validation set consisted of 50 patients.Interventions. None.Measurements and Main Results. Final regression equations were apparent oral clearance (Cl/F) (L/hr) = (0.0134 • TBW + 3.58), • 1.42 if receiving phenytoin only; • 1.17 if receiving phenobarbital or felbamate; • 1.62 if receiving phenytoin and phenobarbital or felbamate; • 0.749 if age ≥ 70 years; apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) (L) = 1.97 • total body weight; absorption rate constant (hr−1) = 0.441. Interindividual variability in Cl/F and Vd/F was 26% and 82%, respectively. Residual variability was 1.8 mg/L. Predictive performance analysis of the validation set provided a mean prediction error of 0.6 mg/L and median absolute error of 2.4 mg/L.Conclusions. These routinely collected data provided quantitative estimates of changes in CBZ Cl/F due to comedication and an age‐related decrease in Cl/E The derived regression equations reasonably predicted concentrations in a separate validation set.
Cyclosporine Trough Concentrations in Predicting Allograft Rejection and Renal Toxicity up to 12 Months after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Min David I. , Perry Paul J. , Chen Hsiang‐Yin , Hunsicker Lawrence G. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the utility of cyclosporine (CsA) trough concentrations as a monitoring tool for acute graft rejections and CsA nephrotoxicity.Design. Retrospective chart review.Setting. University‐affiliated teaching hospital.Patients. One hundred thirty‐seven adults who had undergone kidney transplantation.Measurements and Main Results. Clinical data extracted from the charts were CsA dosage, CsA trough levels (whole blood, HPLC method), biopsy findings to confirm acute rejections, and serum creatine to determine clearance by the Jelliffe method. Data were collected at up to 1 month, between 1 month and 3 months, and between 3 and 12 months after transplantation. For each time period, receiver's operating characteristics curves were generated to identify the optimum CsA concentration for avoiding acute rejection and CsA nephrotoxicity. At up to 1 month, the CsA therapeutic response threshold was 182 ng/ml (sensitivity 69%, specificity 84%, p < 0.0001) and toxicity threshold for CsA nephrotoxicity was 204 ng/ml (sensitivity 89%, specificity 56%, p < 0.0001). Between 1 month and 3 months, the respective figures were 175 ng/ml (sensitivity 58%, specificity 89%, p < 0.0002) and 189 ng/ml (sensitivity 87%, specificity 65%, p < 0.0001). Between 3 and 12 months, the CsA therapeutic response threshold decreased to 135 ng/ml (sensitivity 56%, specificity 40%, p > 0.1) and the toxicity threshold for CsA nephrotoxicity remained relatively static at 204 ng/ml (sensitivity 100%, specificity 14%, p < 0.0001).Conclusion. Early in CsA therapy it is essential to prevent graft rejection. Drug concentrations exceeding approximately 182 ng/ml threshold accomplish this goal. Later, successful therapy demands that CsA nephrotoxicity be avoided. This goal is accomplished by not exceeding a CsA concentration of 204 ng/ml.
Relative Bioavailability of Ondansetron 8‐mg Oral Tablets versus Two Extemporaneous 16‐mg Suppositories: Formulation and Gender Differences
Authors: Jann Michael W. , ZumBrunnen Troy L. , Tenjarla Srini N. , Ward Earl S. , Weidler Donald J. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare the relative bioavailability of two 16‐mg extemporaneously prepared suppository formulations with that of an 8‐mg commercially available oral tablet.Design. Prospective, crossover bioavailability study.Setting. Inpatient clinical research center.Subjects. Sixteen young, nonsmoking, healthy volunteers.Interventions. Blood samples were obtained 24 and 48 hours after administration of an 8‐mg oral ondansetron tablet and 16‐mg suppository, respectively. Two 16‐mg suppository formulations were compounded using commercially available Fattibase and Polybase.Measurements and Main Results. Ondansetron was well absorbed by both routes of administration. The following pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SEM) were obtained for the 8‐mg tablet, 16‐mg Fattibase suppository, and 16‐mg Polybase suppository, respectively: area under the curve (AUC) in men 154.2 ± 21.77, 253.4 ± 72.3, 304.8 ± 62.2 ng·hr/ml; AUC in women 353.6 ± 32.7, 561.6 ± 103.6, and 768.7 ± 117.9 ng·hr/ml; maximum concentration (Cmax) in men 45.5 ± 7.0, 40.6 ± 10.4, and 51.2 ± 6.7 ng/ml; Cmax in women 51.4 ± 4.8, 47.1 ± 3.9, and 82.9 ± 6.6 ng/ml. Times to Cmax (Tmax; mean ± SEM) for men were 1.5 ± 0.3, 4.4 ± 0.5, and 2.9 ± 0.3 hours; Tmax for women were 1.8 ± 0.3, 4.1 ± 0.4, and 4.4 ± 0.6 hours for the three formulations, respectively. Women had a consistently higher AUC for all three formulations than men (p < 0.05).Conclusion. With the exception of the 16‐mg Polybase formulation in women, the two suppositories closely approximated the pharmacokinetics of the 8‐mg oral tablet. These results suggest that gender may be a significant factor in ondansetron's disposition.
Effect of Plasma TNF‐α on Filgrastim‐Stimulated Hematopoiesis in Mice and Humans
Authors: Petros William P. , Rabinowitz Josh , Gibbs John P. , Hall Iris H. , Stuart Ann R. , Peters William P. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To delineate possible explanations for a nonmonotone hematopoiesis, dose‐response curve with filgrastim therapy after high‐dose chemotherapy.Design. Sequential two‐phase study.Settings. University teaching hospital and basic pharmaceutical sciences laboratory.Subjects. Thirty‐nine patients with breast cancer or melanoma and 15 normal CF‐1 male mice.Interventions. Serial blood samples were obtained from patients after high‐dose chemotherapy to evaluate hematopoiesis and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations. Murine hematopoiesis was induced by filgrastim with or without coadministration of lipopolysaccharide.Measurements and Main Results. Detection of plasma TNF‐α in patients corresponded to substantially slower recovery of granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets, and was directly proportional to the prescribed dosage of filgrastim. Lipopolysaccharide stimulated the secretion of TNF‐α in mice and totally aberrated filgrastim‐induced granulopoiesis.Conclusions. This in vivo evidence suggests that regulatory pathways involving endogenous cytokines may override the effect of recombinant cytokines.