bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy correction for deviated‐well sonic logs: Application to seismic well tie
Authors: Hornby Brian E. , Howie John M. , Ince Donald W. 
Published: April 2003

Borehole sonic logs acquired in deviated wells penetrating the HRZ and Colville shales in the Niakuk field in Alaska's North Slope are seen to be significantly faster than vertical well logs. These differences are attributed to shale anisotropy. An iterative inversion scheme was created to invert for shale anisotropy parameters using multiple wells penetrating shale sections at different angles. The inversion involves fitting the sonic log data at a range of borehole angles to the compressional wave group velocity surface. The result is an estimate of the anisotropy parameters (ε and δ) and the vertical P‐wave velocity. The results show that the shales are strongly anisotropic, with compressional‐wave anisotropy (Thomsen's parameter ε) on the order of 40% and the anisotropy parameter δ (relates vertical velocity to short‐offset NMO velocity) around 10%. This large anisotropy can affect seismic imaging, AVO, and time–depth calculations.A procedure was created to estimate the anisotropy‐corrected vertical sonic logs from sonic data recorded in a deviated well. The inputs are well deviation, P‐wave sonic log, volume of shale or gamma ray data, and anisotropy parameters for rock with 100% shale volume. With these inputs the compressional‐wave group velocity surface is computed and the equivalent vertical P‐wave sonic log is output. The equivalent vertical sonic log can then be used for standard seismic applications using isotropic velocity assumptions. The application was applied to a well deviated at approximately 67°. Shale anisotropy parameters were taken from the sonic log inversion, and an anisotropy‐corrected sonic log was produced. Seismic well ties were attempted using both the recorded logs and the anisotropy‐corrected logs, with the result that the well tie using the measured logs was poor while a tie using the anisotropy‐corrected logs was good.
First report of Myxobolus neurofontinalis (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) infecting anadromous Brook Trout from Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Ksepka Steven P. , Groman David B. , Bourque Laura , Bullard Stephen A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
During routine histological examination of tissues from mortality events of anadromous Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis from Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, myxospores consistent with Myxobolus were observed infecting the central nervous system. The objective of this study was to identify the species of Myxobolus infecting the nervous system of anadromous Brook Trout from PEI, Canada.

Methods
Myxospore morphology, small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data, and histology were used to identify myxospores isolated from infected Brook Trout.

Result
Myxospore measurements from the PEI samples matched those reported in the description of Myxobolus neurofontinalis from North Carolina. A 1057-bp fragment of the SSU rDNA from myxospores collected from Brook Trout in PEI was identical to an isolate of M. neurofontinalis (MN191598) collected previously from the type locality, New River basin, North Carolina. Histological sections confirmed infections were intercellular in the central nervous system. Minimal host response was observed, with only sparse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates present at the periphery of and within dispersed myxospores, suggesting that infections are not pathogenic to Brook Trout.

Conclusion
Myxospores were identified as M. neurofontinalis, which was previously described from the central nervous system of Brook Trout from the New River basin, North Carolina, USA. This constitutes the first time M. neurofontinalis has been documented outside of the New River basin in North Carolina.
Evaluating AAPM‐TG‐218 recommendations: Gamma index tolerance and action limits in IMRT and VMAT quality assurance using SunCHECK
Authors: Deng Jia , Liu ShengYan , Huang Yun , Li Xiuquan , Wu Xiangyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to improve the safety and accuracy of radiotherapy by establishing tolerance (TL) and action (AL) limits for the gamma index in patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using SunCHECK software, as per AAPM TG‐218 report recommendations.MethodsThe study included 125 patients divided into six groups by treatment regions (H&N, thoracic and pelvic) and techniques (VMAT, IMRT). SunCHECK was used to calculate the gamma passing rate (%GP) and dose error (%DE) for each patient, for the planning target volume and organs at risk (OARs). The TL and AL were then determined for each group according to TG‐218 recommendations. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to compare %DE among different groups and examined the relationship between %GP and %DE.ResultsThe TL and AL of all groups were more stringent than the common standard as defined by the TG218 report. The TL and AL values of the groups differed significantly, and the values for the thoracic groups were lower for both VMAT and IMRT. The %DE of the parameters D95%, D90%, and Dmean in the planning target volume, and Dmean and Dmax in OARs were significantly different. The dose deviation of VMAT was larger than IMRT, especially in the thoracic group. A %GP and %DE correlation analysis showed a strong correlation for the planning target volume, but a weak correlation for the OARs. Additionally, a significant correlation existed between %GP of SunCHECK and Delta4.ConclusionThe study established TL and AL values tailored to various anatomical regions and treatment techniques at our institution. Establishing PSQA workflows for VMAT and IMRT offers valuable clinical insights and guidance. We also suggest developing a standard combining clinically relevant metrics with %GP to evaluate PSQA results comprehensively.
Aberrant brain–heart coupling is associated with the severity of post cardiac arrest brain injury
Authors: Hermann Bertrand , Candia‐Rivera Diego , Sharshar Tarek , Gavaret Martine , Diehl Jean‐Luc , Cariou Alain , Benghanem Sarah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate autonomic nervous system activity measured by brain–heart interactions in comatose patients after cardiac arrest in relation to the severity and prognosis of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury.MethodsStrength and complexity of bidirectional interactions between EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, and alpha) and ECG heart rate variability frequency bands (low frequency, LF and high frequency, HF) were computed using a synthetic data generation model. Primary outcome was the severity of brain injury, assessed by (i) standardized qualitative EEG classification, (ii) somatosensory evoked potentials (N20), and (iii) neuron‐specific enolase levels. Secondary outcome was the 3‐month neurological status, assessed by the Cerebral Performance Category score [good (1–2) vs. poor outcome (3–4–5)].ResultsBetween January 2007 and July 2021, 181 patients were admitted to ICU for a resuscitated cardiac arrest. Poor neurological outcome was observed in 134 patients (74%). Qualitative EEG patterns suggesting high severity were associated with decreased LF/HF. Severity of EEG changes were proportional to higher absolute values of brain‐to‐heart coupling strength (p < 0.02 for all brain‐to‐heart frequencies) and lower values of alpha‐to‐HF complexity (p = 0.049). Brain‐to‐heart coupling strength was significantly higher in patients with bilateral absent N20 and correlated with neuron‐specific enolase levels at Day 3. This aberrant brain‐to‐heart coupling (increased strength and decreased complexity) was also associated with 3‐month poor neurological outcome.InterpretationOur results suggest that autonomic dysfunctions may well represent hypoxic–ischemic brain injury post cardiac arrest pathophysiology. These results open avenues for integrative monitoring of autonomic functioning in critical care patients.
Realizing Super‐High Piezoelectricity and Excellent Fatigue Resistance in Domain‐Engineered Bismuth Titanate Ferroelectrics
Authors: Xie Shaoxiong , Xu Qian , Chen Qiang , Zhu Jianguo , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBismuth titanate (BIT) is widely known as one of the most prospective lead‐free ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials in advanced high‐temperature sensing applications. Despite significant advances in developing BIT ferroelectrics, it still faces major scientific and engineering challenges in realizing super‐high performance to meet next‐generation high‐sensitivity and light‐weight applications. Here, a novel ferroelectric domain‐engineered BIT ceramic system is conceived that exhibits super‐high piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 38.5 pC N−1) and inverse piezoelectric coefficient (d33* = 46.7 pm V−1) at low electric field as well as excellent fatigue resistance (stable up to 107 cycles). The results reveal that the introduction of high‐density layered (001)‐type 180° domain walls with flexible polarization rotation features and the formation of small‐size multi‐domain states with low energy barriers are mainly responsible for the excellent electrical performance. To the best of knowledge, it is the first time to reveal such intriguing domain structures in BIT ceramics in detail, especially from the atomic‐scale perspective by using atomic number (Z)‐contrast imaging in combination with atomic‐resolution polarization mapping. It is believed that this breakthrough conduces to comprehensively understand structural features of ferroelectric domains in BIT ceramics, and also opens a window for future developments of super‐high performance in bismuth layer‐structured ferroelectrics via domain engineering.
Optimization of Interfacial OH− Accessibility by Constructing a Delayed–Release Membrane Electrode for Ampere–Level Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cheng Yu , Chen Huanyu , Xu Xinnan , Dong Junjie , Wang Mengfan , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAchieving a high current density during electrochemical overall water splitting is a promising strategy for industrial energy conversion. The mass diffusion rate of OH− ions from the electrolyte to the interfacial active sites strongly influences the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) . Herein, the delayed‐release of OH− ions modulated by a proper organic polymer membrane on the electrode surface can optimize the OH− accessibility to the active sites (as indicated by the molecular dynamics simulations) is demonstrated and that van der Waals interaction force modulates the OH− residence time in the reaction system. The remarkable performance of the membrane‐modified electrode is achieved at ultra‐high current densities of 1.9 A cm−2 (with an HER overpotential of 602 mV) and 2 A cm−2 (with an OER overpotential of 459 mV) in 1 M KOH solution. Consequently, a super‐high current density of 1.3 A cm−2 is obtained for overall water splitting (at a voltage of only 2.2 V), which is 1.9‐fold higher than that of a benchmarked Pt/C‐IrO2 (684 mA cm−2). Therefore, the delayed‐release of OH− has optimized the mass conversion efficiency of the active sites, thus improving the electrochemical performance of overall water splitting.
Achieving Superior Thermoelectric Performance in Ge4Se3Te via Symmetry Manipulation with I–V–VI2 Alloying
Authors: Guo Mingjie , Cui Hong‐Hua , Guo Weiping , Chen Zixuan , Ming Hongwei , Luo Zhong‐Zhen , Zou Zhigang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough orthorhombic GeSe is predicted to have an ultrahigh figure of merit, ZT ≈ 2.5, up to now, the highest experimental value is ≈0.2 due to the low carrier concentration (nH ≈ 1018 cm−3). Improving symmetry is an effective approach for enhancing the ZT of GeSe‐based materials. With Te‐alloying, Ge4Se3Te displays the two‐dimensional hexagonal structure and high nH ≈ 1.23 × 1021 cm−3. Interestingly, Ge4Se3Te transformed from the hexagonal into the rhombohedral phase with only ≈2% I–V–VI2‐alloying (I = Li, Na, K, Cu, Ag; V = Sb, Bi; VI = Se, Te). According to the calculated results of Ge0.82Ag0.09Bi0.09Se0.614Te0.386 single‐crystal grown via AgBiTe2‐alloying, it exhibits a higher valley degeneracy than the hexagonal Ge4Se3Te. For instance, AgBiTe2‐alloying induces a strong band convergence and band inversion effect, resulting in a significantly enhanced Seebeck coefficient and power factor with a similar nH from 17 µV K−1 and 0.63 µW cm−1 K−2 for pristine Ge4Se3Te to 124 µV K−1 and 5.97 µW cm−1 K−2 for 12%AgBiTe2‐alloyed sample, respectively. Moreover, the sharply reduced phonon velocity, nano‐domain wall structure, and strong anharmonicity lead to low lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, a record‐high average ZT ≈0.95 over 323–773 K with an excellent ZT ≈ 1.30 is achieved at 723 K.
Vanadium Carbide MXenzyme Harnessing Photothermal Effects for Targeted Lung Tumor Suppression and Inflammation Eradication
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Yin Hefeng , Song Xu , Deng Ming , Wang Bo , Fei Xiang , Zhu Junjie , Guo Zhiyi , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Wei , Xu Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is increasingly favored as a treatment option for lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer‐related death. However, the effectiveness of PTT is hampered by both tumor‐associated and treatment‐related inflammatory reactions. Consequently, there is a pressing need for innovative PTT‐based platforms capable of mitigating inflammation postcancer treatment. Herein, 2D vanadium carbide (V2C) MXenzyme nanosheets via a straightforward exfoliation and intercalation process are successfully synthesized. The V2C MXenzyme demonstrates a robust photothermal effect, which varied with concentration, density, and irradiation duration when exposed to 808 nm near‐infrared light. Notably, V2C MXenzyme exhibits the ability to eliminate A549 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo through PTT. Additionally, the synthesized V2C MXenzyme nanosheets exhibited various enzyme‐like activities, resembling reactive oxygen species–mimetic enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and thiol peroxidase. V2C MXenzyme significantly curtailed inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, gene sequencing analysis of inflammation‐related genes responding to V2C MXenzyme nanosheets is performed and identified HSPA1A as a significantly differentially expressed gene. HSPA1A expression correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells in lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, V2C MXenzyme may serve as a revalorization platform to suppress lung tumors and reduce inflammation.
Reversible Phase Change‐Induced Hardening and Softening for Conditions‐Adaptive and Mechanics‐Reconfigurable Applications
Authors: Fang Yuanlai , Bai Zhongxiang , Yang Li , Liu Qianwei , Xu Weiming , Wei Jingjiang , Yang Kun , Wang Qingyuan , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mechanical soft–hard transition of hydrogels is desired in conditions‐adaptive deformation and mechanics reconfiguration applications. However, highly efficient, stimuli‐responsive, and reversible transition strategies are hard to achieve. Inspired by the supercooling of salt‐aqueous solutions, solid and supersaturated hydrogels are prepared based on a hydrophilic polymer network and salt‐aqueous solution. The inner crystallization‐ or melting‐induced reversible phase‐change realizes the switch between the soft hydrogel (modulus: 0.1 MPa) and rigid composite (modulus: 24.0 MPa). The soft and supersaturated hydrogels easily deform to achieve diverse new 3D models and the unfamiliar soft–hard transition makes temporary shapes be efficiently fixed (hardening). Interestingly, the initial hydrogel's shapes can be regenerated relying on the resilience of the polyacrylamide network when the crystal is melted (softening). Shape memory, complex surface morphology replication, rapid mold application, and self‐supporting laminated glass are accomplished by this unique crystallization‐melting introduced soft–hard transition. This phase change soft‐hard switching strategy will broaden the functionalities of hydrogels.
Assembly of Metal–Organic Chemical Conversion Layers as Ion Sieves along with Exposing Zn(002) Planes for Stable Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Lv Bo , Zong Quan , Yu Yifei , Liu Chaofeng , Pan Anqiang , Wang Jiangying , Tao Daiwen , Zhang Jingji , Zhang Qilong , Cao Guozhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of aqueous rechargeable Zn metal batteries, as one of the most promising large‐scale energy storage technology, is hindered largely by dendrite growth and surface passivation of Zn metal anode, which are deleterious to the battery life and Coulombic efficiency (CE). This report demonstrates that ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid can in situ coordinate with Zn (EDTMP‐Zn) along with exposing (002) planes for highly reversible and stable Zn plating/stripping. The zincophilic EDTMP‐Zn layer may serve as ion sieves that homogenize Zn ion flux at the Zn anode surface and consequently induce uniform deposition of Zn. The hydrophobic groups in such functional layer is thought to circumvent the Zn anode surface from corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction. EDTMP15‐Zn modified Zn anode (EDTMP15‐Zn@Zn) delivers a lifespan exceeding 1400 h at 5 mA cm−2, and 1 mAh cm−2 for Zn||Zn symmetric cell and improved CE of 99.7% over 1000 cycles in a Zn||Cu cell. The full cell coupled with NH4V4O10 cathode demonstrates improved rate performance and cycle stability.
Poly (Betulinic Acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with bFGF Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Chen Xianghang , Wang Beini , Zhou Yongxiu , Wu Xuejuan , Du Anyu , Al Mamun Abdullah , Xu Yitie , Wang Shuangshuang , Jiang Chang , Xie Ling , Zhou Kailiang , Hu Siwang , Xiao Jian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is one of the crucial molecular events of secondary spinal cord injury (SCI). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a multipotent cell growth factor with an anti‐oxidant effect. However, bFGF has a short half‐life in vivo, which limits its therapeutic application. Biodegradable polymers with excellent biocompatibility have been recently applied in SCI. The negative aspect is that polymers cannot provide a significant therapeutic effect. Betulinic acid (BA), a natural anti‐inflammatory compound, has been polymerized into poly (betulinic acid) (PBA) to serve as a drug carrier for bFGF. This study explores the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of PBA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with bFGF (PBA‐bFGF NPs) in SCI. Results show that PBA‐bFGF NPs produce remarkable biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. The results also demonstrate that local delivery of PBA‐bFGF NPs enhances motor function recovery, inhibits OS, mitigates neuroinflammation, and alleviates neuronal apoptosis following SCI. Furthermore, the results indicate that local delivery of PBA‐bFGF NPs activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) signaling pathway following SCI. In summary, results suggest that local delivery of PBA‐bFGF NPs delivers potential therapeutic advantages in the treatment and management of SCI.
Mapping Extracellular Space Features of Viral Encephalitis to Evaluate the Proficiency of Anti‐Viral Drugs
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Hua‐Jie , Wang Zhi‐Gang , Ning Di , Zhao Wei , Rat Virgile , Lamb Don C. , Pang Dai‐Wen , Liu Shu‐Lin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe extracellular space (ECS) is an important barrier against viral attack on brain cells, and dynamic changes in ECS microstructure characteristics are closely related to the progression of viral encephalitis in the brain and the efficacy of antiviral drugs. However, mapping the precise morphological and rheological features of the ECS in viral encephalitis is still challenging so far. Here, a robust approach is developed using single‐particle diffusional fingerprinting of quantum dots combined with machine learning to map ECS features in the brain and predict the efficacy of antiviral encephalitis drugs. These results demonstrated that this approach can characterize the microrheology and geometry of the brain ECS at different stages of viral infection and identify subtle changes induced by different drug treatments. This approach provides a potential platform for drug proficiency assessment and is expected to offer a reliable basis for the clinical translation of drugs.
Microencapsulated Perovskite Crystals via In Situ Permeation Growth from Polymer Microencapsulation‐Expansion‐Contraction Strategy: Advancing a Record Long‐Term Stability beyond 10 000 h for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yibo , Wang Shirong , Liu Hongli , Li Xianggao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) bearing both high efficiency and durability are predominantly challenged by inadequate crystallinity of perovskite. Herein, a polymer microencapsulation‐expansion‐contraction strategy is proposed for the first time to optimize the crystallization behavior of perovskite, typically by adeptly harnessing the swelling and deswelling characteristics of poly(4‐acryloylmorpholine) (poly(4‐AcM)) network on PbI2 surface. It can effectively retard the crystallization rate of perovskite, permitting meliorative crystallinity featured by increased grain size from 0.74 to 1.32 µm and reduced trap density from 1.12 × 1016 to 2.56 × 1015 cm−3. Moreover, profiting from the protection of poly(4‐AcM) microencapsulation layer, the degradation of the perovskite is markedly suppressed. Resultant PSCs gain a robust power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.04%. Typically, they maintain 91% of their initial PCE for 13 008 h in a desiccated ambient environment and retain 92% PCE after storage for 4000 h with a relative humidity of 50 ± 10%, which is the state‐of‐the‐art long‐term stability among the reported contributions.
Tunable Acoustic Properties Using Different Coating Systems on Resonance Spruce Wood
Authors: Stanciu Mariana Domnica , Coșniță Mihaela , Gliga Ghiorghe Vasile , Gurau Lidia , Timar Maria Cristina , Guiman Maria Violeta , Marian Năstac Silviu , Călin Roșca Ioan , Bucur Voichita , Dinulică Florin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the effect of the type of varnish and the number of layers on some acoustic properties of the resonance spruce in combination with the changes produced in some physical, morphological, and chemical properties of wood. In addition to color changes and surface chemistry, the surface roughness and morphology are modified by the thickness of the varnish film, 10 layers being optimal from this point of view, as well as the oil‐based finish. The sound absorption coefficient increases with the number of varnish layers and varies with the sound frequency range, varnish type, and wood quality, all contributing to the acoustic tunability. For example, for a sound frequency of 1.5 kHz, it is observed that the oil‐based varnish with 5 and 10 layers contributes to a full sound, while the alcohol varnish, due to a lower absorption coefficient for this frequency, can lead to some nasal sounds. Applying more than 10 layers of varnish does not improve the sound performance as it will soften the sound in an oil‐based finish and make the sound too sharp in the case of alcohol–varnished wood.