bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WEIGHT BEAR THEN DISCHARGE: A SAFE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR ISOLATED WEBER B LATERAL MALLEOLUS FRACTURES. OUTCOMES OF 658 PATIENTS
Authors: Martin D. H. , Ng N. , Armstong B. , Brennan J. , Feng T. , Lekuse K. , White T. O. , Mackenzie S. P. 
Published: February 2024

Myriad protocols exist for isolated Weber B lateral malleolus fractures with a congruent tibiotalar joint on initial radiographs. Stress and weight-bearing radiographs, all at various timepoints, may be employed to identify those injuries that develop significant talar shift but consensus is elusive. This study outlines a safe and reproducible protocol for such injuries, utilising a removable orthosis, immediate weight bearing and standard supine radiographs.A retrospective analysis of a prospective trauma database was analysed to identify patients with an isolated Weber B ankle fracture with adequate presentation radiographs demonstrating a congruent mortise. Patient records and radiographs were evaluated a minimum of 5 years after initial presentation to determine ankle stability, complications, and the burden on outpatient services.Between 2014 and 2016, 657 patients were referred to the specialist trauma clinic from the emergency department. Of the 657, 52 patients had inadequate ED radiographs to determine ankle congruity. At the two-week assessment, 11 of the 52 demonstrated talar shift and required intervention. Therefore 646 patients demonstrated ankle congruity at two weeks after weight bearing. No patient demonstrated talar shift at the six-week assessment. Average number of follow up appointments was 2.4 with 3.5 radiographs. Our new treatment protocol advocates discharge after a single orthopaedic assessment after two weeks of weight bearing.This study supports immediate weight-bearing of Weber B ankle fractures with a congruent mortise in an orthosis. Follow up beyond two weeks is unnecessary and our protocol offers a safe means of significantly reducing the outpatient burden.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFICACY OF SURGICAL AND NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR MORTON'S NEUROMA BASED ON THEIR SIZE
Authors: Macleod D. , Anand S. S. , Drampalos E. , Syed T. 
Published: February 2024

Data was collected for patients referred to the orthopaedic department at Forth Valley Royal Hospital with metatarsalgia who subsequently received an ultrasound. Patients found to have a Morton's neuroma were divided into groups based on its size.A total of 90 patients received an ultrasound scan and neuroma was confirmed in 58 with an alternative diagnosis found in 32 patients and a total of 42 were included in the final analysis.All 14 patients with neuroma < 6mm reported resolution of symptoms. 4 (28.5%) underwent surgical excision as first line, 1 (7%) received a single corticosteroid injection and 9 (64%) were treated with metatarsal bars.There were 27 patients with neuroma > 6mm; 8 (29.6%) underwent surgical excision as first line treatment, 5 (18.5%) received metatarsal bars and 14 (51.9%) received injections. 7 (25.9%) patients reported resolution of symptoms after 1 injection, 1 (3.7%) patient required 2 injections and 1 (3.7%) patient required 3 injections to achieve resolution. 5 (18.5%) patients required surgical excision following ongoing symptoms despite non-surgical treatment. 9 (33.3%) reported resolution of symptoms following injection. 5 (18.5%) reported resolution of symptoms following use of metatarsal bars.A total of 71% of patients with a neuroma measuring < 6mm reported full resolution of symptoms with non-surgical treatment. For patients with neuroma >6mm, 64.3% had resolution of symptoms with injections alone and 18.5% required surgical excision despite injection.In conclusion, there is a benefit to offering non-surgical treatment as first line in patients with a neuroma regardless of size.
Supplemental material for "Bioaerosols in Eastern Canadian Dairy Barns Using Tie- and Free-Stall Housing"
Authors: Bergeron Keven , Rossi Florent , Létourneau Valérie , Larios Dalila , Godbout Stéphane , Fournel Sébastien , Duchaine Caroline 
Published: February 2024

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<p>This study characterizes air quality in dairy barns using tie-stalls or free-stalls. Air quality indicators characterized in this study include some microorganisms (molds, bacteria, and archaea), organic dust, and endotoxins. These indicators were quantified in five barns of each type. Microorganism quantification was made using qPCR and respective probes and primers. This document contains a table listing sequences for the used probes and primers as well as the targeted genes. It also contains additional analysis data for comparison between tie-stall barns and free-stall barns air quality. Variation coefficients were calculated to see if concentrations were more variable between the two types of barns. No significant difference was detected. Even though data are expressed in concentrations, emissions per hour were calculated using animal density. Emissions were compared between both types of barns, but no significant difference was detected.</p>
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia mortality risk associated with preceding long-term steroid use for the underlying disease: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Miyake Kohei , Senoo Satoru , Shiiba Ritsuya , Itano Junko , Kimura Goro , Kawahara Tatsuyuki , Tamura Tomoki , Kudo Kenichiro , Kawamura Tetsuji , Nakahara Yasuharu , Higo Hisao , Himeji Daisuke , Takigawa Nagio , Miyahara Nobuaki ,   Okayama Respiratory Disease Study Group (ORDSG)
Published: February 2024

Objective
Long-term steroid use increases the risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP), but there are limited reports on the relation of long-term steroid and PcP mortality.

Methods
Retrospective multicenter study to identify risk factors for PcP mortality, including average steroid dose before the first visit for PcP in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-PcP patients. We generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for 90-day all-cause mortality and the mean daily steroid dose per unit body weight in the preceding 10 to 90 days in 10-day increments. Patients were dichotomized by 90-day mortality and propensity score-based stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusted covariates of age, sex, and underlying disease. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression assessed whether long-term corticosteroid use affected outcome.

Results
Of 133 patients with non-HIV-PcP, 37 died within 90 days of initial diagnosis. The area under the ROC curve for 1–40 days was highest, and the optimal cutoff point of median adjunctive corticosteroid dosage was 0.34 mg/kg/day. Past steroid dose, underlying interstitial lung disease and emphysema, lower serum albumin and lower lymphocyte count, higher lactate dehydrogenase, use of therapeutic pentamidine and therapeutic high-dose steroids were all significantly associated with mortality. Underlying autoimmune disease, past immunosuppressant use, and a longer time from onset to start of treatment, were associated lower mortality. Logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, and underlying disease with IPTW revealed that steroid dose 1–40 days before the first visit for PcP (per 0.1 mg/kg/day increment, odds ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.66], P<0.001), low lymphocyte counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase revel were independent mortality risk factor, while respiratory failure, early steroid, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for PcP treatment did not.

Conclusion
A steroid dose before PcP onset was strongly associated with 90-day mortality in non-HIV-PcP patients, emphasizing the importance of appropriate prophylaxis especially in this population.
Estimating the costs of adolescent HIV care visits and an intervention to facilitate transition to adult care in Kenya
Authors: Saldarriaga Enrique M. , Beima-Sofie Kristin , Wamalwa Dalton , Mugo Cyrus , Njuguna Irene , Onyango Alvin , John-Stewart Grace , Sharma Monisha 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAdolescents with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa face challenges transitioning to adult HIV care, which can affect long-term HIV care adherence and retention. An adolescent transition package (ATP) focused on transition tools can improve post-transition clinical outcomes, but its implementation costs are unknown.MethodsWe estimated the average cost per patient of an HIV care visit and ATP provision to adolescents. Data was collected from 13 HIV clinics involved in a randomized clinical trial evaluating ATP in western Kenya. We conducted a micro-costing and activity-driven time estimation to assess costs from the provider perspective. We developed a flow-map, conducted staff interviews, and completed time and motion observation. ATP costs were estimated as the difference in average cost for an HIV care transition visit in the intervention compared to control facilities. We assessed uncertainty in costing estimatesviaMonte Carlo simulations.ResultsThe average cost of an adolescent HIV care visit was 29.8USD (95%CI 27.5, 33.4) in the standard of care arm and 32.9USD (95%CI 30.5, 36.8) in the ATP intervention arm, yielding an incremental cost of 3.1USD (95%CI 3.0, 3.4) for the ATP intervention. The majority of the intervention cost (2.8USD) was due ATP booklet discussion with the adolescent.ConclusionThe ATP can be feasibly implemented in HIV care clinics at a modest increase in overall clinic visit cost. Our cost estimates can be used to inform economic evaluations or budgetary planning of adolescent HIV care interventions in Kenya.
Assessing community-level impacts of and responses to stay at home orders: The King County COVID-19 community study
Authors: Moloney Kathleen , Lamprea Montealegre Julio A. , Busch Isaksen Tania M. , Kennedy Mallory , Archer Megan , Contreras Carlos , Iyaz Daaniya , Randazza Juliette , Silva Javier , Errett Nicole A. 
Published: February 2024

Background
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) of unprecedented scope and duration were implemented to limit community spread of COVID-19. There remains limited evidence about how these measures impacted the lived experience of affected communities. This study captured the early impacts and coping strategies implemented in King County, Washington, one of the first U.S. communities impacted by COVID-19.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of 793 English- and Spanish-speaking adult King County residents from March 18, 2020 –May 30, 2020, using voluntary response sampling. The survey included close- and open-ended questions on participant demographics, wellbeing, protective actions, and COVID-19-related concerns, including a freeform narrative response to describe the pandemic’s individual-, family- and community-level impacts and associated coping strategies. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze close-ended questions, and qualitative content analysis methods were used to analyze free-form narrative responses.

Results
The median age of participants was 45 years old, and 74% were female, 82% were White, and 6% were Hispanic/Latinx; 474 (60%) provided a qualitative narrative. Quantitative findings demonstrated that higher percentages of participants engaged in most types of COVID-19 protective behaviors after the stay-at-home order was implemented and schools and community spaces were closed, relative to before, and that participants tended to report greater concern about the pandemic’s physical health or healthcare access impacts than the financial or social impacts. Qualitative data analysis described employment or financial impacts (56%) and vitality coping strategies (65%), intended to support health or positive functioning.

Conclusions
This study documented early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the NPIs implemented in response, as well as strategies employed to cope with those impacts, which can inform early-stage policy formation and intervention strategies to mitigate the negative impacts. Future research should explore the endurance and evolution of the early impacts and coping strategies throughout the multiyear pandemic.
Research status of east Asian traditional medicine treatment for chronic cough: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Boram , Kwon Chan-Young , Kim Ye Ji , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Kwan-Il , Lee Beom-Joon , Lee Jun-Hwan 
Published: February 2024

Background
When patients continue to experience cough despite conventional treatment, East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) including herbal medicine and/or acupuncture has been frequently used. Previous systematic reviews of EATM treatment for chronic cough have been conducted mainly on herbal medicine, targeting patients with conditions that cause cough. In clinical practice, EATM interventions are not limited to herbal medicine, and considering that chronic cough is often caused by two or more conditions or unspecific causes, a comprehensive investigation is clinically relevant. We examined the current research status of EATM for chronic cough.

Methods
Based on Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodological framework, a total of six English, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese electronic databases were searched on August 2022. Any clinical studies on EATM targeting chronic cough patients (regardless of their cause) were included.

Results
Among 474 included studies, the study designs were mainly randomized controlled trials (72.4%), and the population was evenly distributed between children and adults. The cause of cough was not reported in most studies (56.1%). The common cause of cough was upper airway cough syndrome and post-respiratory infection (9.5%, each), followed by mixed cause (7.6%), nonspecific cause (5.9%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (4.0%). EATM was conducted for a mean of 19.1 days, and herbal medicine was the most common (80.6%). Conventional medication was frequently used as a control (81.2%). For outcomes, the total effective rate was the most frequently utilized (94.3%), followed by cough severity (53.8%). EATM treatment showed positive outcomes in most studies.

Conclusions
In future EATM studies, it is necessary to either specify the cause of chronic cough or to report that the study was targeting nonspecific chronic cough. In addition, high-quality studies assessing the efficacy of EATM with placebo control treatment should be conducted, using validated evaluation tools.
Comparative study of stretched-exponential and kurtosis models of diffusion-weighted imaging in renal assessment to distinguish patients with primary aldosteronism from healthy controls
Authors: Wen Deying , Peng Pengfei , Yue Xun , Xu Chenxiao , Pu Qian , Ming Yue , Yang Huiyi , Zhang Miaoqi , Ren Yan , Sun Jiayu 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To compare the ability of diffusion parameters obtained by stretched-exponential and kurtosis models of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to distinguish between patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and healthy controls (HCs) in renal assessment.

Materials and methods
A total of 44 participants (22 patients and 22 HCs) underwent renal MRI with an 11 b-value DWI sequence and a 3 b-value diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) sequence from June 2021 to April 2022. Binary logistic regression was used to construct regression models combining different diffusion parameters. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and comparisons were used to evaluate the ability of single diffusion parameters and combined diffusion models to distinguish between the two groups.

Results
A total of six diffusion parameters (including the cortical anomalous exponent term [α_Cortex], medullary fractional anisotropy [FA_Medulla], cortical FA [FA_Cortex], cortical axial diffusivity [Da_Cortex], medullary mean diffusivity [MD_Medulla] and medullary radial diffusivity [Dr_Medulla]) were included, and 10 regression models were studied. The area under the curve (AUC) of Dr_Medulla was 0.855, comparable to that of FA_Cortex and FA_Medulla and significantly higher than that of α_Cortex, Da_Cortex and MD_Medulla. The AUC of the Model_all parameters was 0.967, comparable to that of Model_FA (0.946) and Model_DKI (0.966) and significantly higher than that of the other models. The sensitivity and specificity of Model_all parameters were 87.2% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusion
The Model_all parameters, Model_FA and Model_DKI were valid for differentiating between PA patients and HCs with similar differentiation efficacy and were superior to single diffusion parameters and other models.
Carotid sinus baroafferent signals contribute to cerebral blood flow regulation during acute hypotension in young males: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Ishii Kei , Izaki Tsubasa , Asahara Ryota , Komine Hidehiko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCerebral autoregulation is an important factor in prevention of cerebral ischemic events. We tested a traditional but unproven hypothesis that carotid sinus baroafferent signals contribute to dynamic cerebral autoregulation. Middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCA Vmean) responses to thigh‐cuff deflation‐induced acute hypotension were compared between conditions using neck suction soon after cuff deflation, without or with a cushion wrapped around the upper neck, in nine healthy males (aged 25 ± 5 years). Neck suction was applied close to the hypotension. The MCA Vmean response was expected to differ between conditions because the cushion was presumed to prevent the carotid sinus distension by neck suction. The cushion hindered bradycardia and depressor responses during sole neck suction. Thigh‐cuff deflation decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and MCA Vmean (Ps < 0.05) with an almost unchanged respiratory rate under both conditions. However, in the neck suction + cushion condition, subsequent MCA Vmean restoration was faster and greater (Ps ≤ 0.0131), despite similar changes in MAP in both conditions. Thus, carotid sinus baroafferent signals would accelerate dynamic cerebral autoregulation during rapid hypotension in healthy young males. Elucidating the mechanism underlying cerebral neural autoregulation could provide a new target for preventing cerebral ischemic events.
Auf neuen Wegen: Modelle für die Ausbildung in der dritten Qualifikationsebene in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken
Authors: Fischer Michael , Koelges Barbara 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
In den nächsten Jahren wird sich in den wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken ein erhöhter Bedarf an Fachpersonal im Bereich der dritten Qualifikationsebene ergeben. Schon heute ist es zunehmend schwierig, freie Stellen in dieser Qualifikationsebene zu besetzen. Bibliotheken müssen hier neue Wege gehen und unterschiedliche Zugangsmöglichkeiten schaffen. Am Beispiel der Badischen Landesbibliothek (BLB) und des Landesbibliothekszentrums Rheinland-Pfalz (LBZ) werden verschiedene Modelle der Weiterqualifizierung von Fachangestellten für Medien und Informationsdienste (FaMIs), der Personalgewinnung für Bachelorstudiengänge und interne Trainee-Programme vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin predict an increased breast cancer risk and its underlying molecular mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Shuhang , Gu Jiaojiao , Tian Yu , Wang Ruoyan , Li Wentao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a serum glycoprotein exhibiting the unique feature of binding sex steroids with high affinity and specificity. Over the past few decades, there have been significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the function and regulation of SHBG. The biological role of SHBG has expanded from being considered a simple sex hormone transporter to being associated with several complex physiological and pathological changes in a variety of target tissues. Many factors can affect the plasma SHBG levels, with fluctuations in circulating levels affecting the development of various diseases, such as increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. This article reviews the clinical significance of changes in circulating SHBG levels in the development of breast cancer and the possible influence of these levels on endocrine drug resistance in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Higher levels of plasma SHBG significantly reduce the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms by which SHBG affects breast cancer risk are also summarized in detail. Finally, transcriptomics and proteomics data revealed that SHBG expression in breast tissue can effectively distinguish breast cancer from normal tissue. Additionally, the association between SHBG expression levels and various classical tumor-related pathways was investigated.
The particle s
uo in Mandarin Chinese: a case of long X0-dependency and a reexamination of the Principle of Minimal Compliance
Authors: Li Yafei , Ting Jen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
X0-dependencies are known to be highly local. It has been argued that syntactic head movement can affect locality constraints. While some recent studies have revealed that verbal heads can undergo long-distance movement similar to phrasal movement, nominal categories still appear to adhere to strict locality constraints on head movement. In this context, we examine an exception, the particle suo in Mandarin Chinese, and explore its theoretical implications. We begin by showing that the X0-element suo exhibits a long dependency across every type of clausal boundary in Chinese, including finite ones. By placing suo in a typology that accommodates resumptive pronouns and Romance-type clitics, we highlight the significance of suo’s long dependency. Next, we argue that suo forms a big-DP with the relative operator; since movement of the relative operator has satisfied the locality constraint, according to Richards’ (1998. The Principle of Minimal Compliance. Linguistic Inquiry 29. 599–629) Principle of Minimal Compliance, suo can have a long dependency on its underlying position. This discussion leads us to conclude that the original formulation of the Principle of Minimal Compliance needs reexamination regarding the true meaning of exemption. Once exemption from a locality condition is separated from movement itself, both the initial data for the PMC and the behaviors of suo are accounted for.
New records of Histiotus montanus and Neoeptesicus ulapesensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Argentina
Authors: González Noschese Camila Sofía , Rodríguez De La Fuente Melanie , Tomasco Ivanna Haydee , Sánchez Rocío Tatiana , Díaz María Mónica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
New records are provided for two species of bat from Argentina belonging to the family Vespertilionidae, Histiotus montanus and the recently described Neoeptesicus ulapesensis. These data extend the range of both species incorporating them into two new provinces. One record comes from the revision of a specimen deposited in the Colección Mamíferos Lillo for more than six decades, highlighting the importance of biological collections for studying the systematics and distribution of species.
Deterministic reflection contrast ellipsometry for thick multilayer two-dimensional heterostructures
Authors: Lee Kang Ryeol , Youn JinGyu , Yoo SeokJae 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optical spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the properties of two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures. However, extracting the permittivity information of each 2D layer in optically thick heterostructures is challenging because of interference. To accurately measure the optical permittivity of each 2D layer in a heterostructure or on a substrate with a thick insulating spacer, such as oxides, we propose deterministic reflection contrast ellipsometry (DRCE). Our DRCE method has two advantages over conventional techniques. It deterministically measures the optical permittivity of 2D materials using only the measured reflection spectra of the heterostructure, rather than dispersion fitting as in spectroscopic ellipsometry. Additionally, the DRCE is free of excitonic energy errors in reflection-contrast spectroscopy. We believe that DRCE will enable accurate and rapid characterization of 2D materials.