bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tirofiban in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and
Diabetes Mellitus undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tang Xiuying , Li Runjun 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of early vs. late tirofiban administration
in the treatment of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and diabetes
mellitus (DM) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).

Methods:
120 patients with STEMI and DM treated with pPCI were randomly divided into an observation
group (n=60) and a control group (n=60). The observation group and the control group were
intravenously injected with a bolus of tirofiban preoperatively or intraoperatively, respectively; both
groups were then given an intravenous infusion over 24 h at 0.15 μg/kg/min. Thrombolysis in myocardial
infarction (TIMI) grade flow, myocardial perfusion index, and functional heart parameters, as
well as major adverse cardiovascular events and bleeding, were compared between the two groups.

Results:
Functional heart parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output,
were significantly improved in the observation group 6 months after discharge. Thrombus aspiration,
inflammatory factors, and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) were more significantly decreased in the observation
group than in the control group. The sum-ST-segment elevation at 2 h after pPCI treatment in
the observation group was better than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in
the incidence of adverse reactions and bleeding between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The administration of tirofiban before reperfusion therapy compared with after reperfusion
therapy is more effective in reducing the hyperthrombotic load, thrombus aspiration, inflammatory
factors, and cTNI and can effectively improve myocardial perfusion and heart function.
Relationship between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Disease Activity and
Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Elazab Seham Abdallah , Elsayed Wagenat Effat , Alrahim Nosaiba Mohammed , Elsaid Marwa Abdallah , Akab Samah Mohamed , Mohammed Enayet Alshimaa Ahmed Ezzat , Mohamed Maha Salah Eldin , Elazab Sherien Abdallah , Sonbol Marwa Mostafa , Fath Allah Radwa Mohamed 
Published: October 2023

Background:
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), insulin resistance (IR) is related to inflammatory
markers, disease activity, and progression of atherosclerotic changes. Triglyceride-glucose
(TyG) index is a relatively new indicator of IR.

Aims:
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG index, disease activity
and subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) in RA patients.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the relation between TyG index, disease activity and subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) in RA patients.

Methods:
The present case-control study included 100 RA patients and 50 age- and sex-matched
healthy controls. All participants were subjected to careful history taking through clinical examination
and standard laboratory assessment. The TyG index was calculated as TyG index = ln (Fasting
triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL))/2. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT)
measurement was done using B-mode ultrasound.

Results:
Patients had significantly higher TyG index as compared to controls. Patients with high
disease activity had significantly higher frequency of extraarticular manifestations (39.6% versus
51.6%, p = 0.028), higher Larsen score (3.8 ± 1.3 versus 2.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.001), higher anti-cyclic
citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) levels (median (IQR): 243.1 (205.0-408.0) U/ml versus 99.0
(78.0-332.5), p < 0.001), higher TyG index (4.8 ± 0.22 versus 4.67 ± 0.24, p = 0.006), and higher
CIMT (0.87 ± 0.22 versus 0.77 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.018). Patients with SCA had higher BMI (34.6 ±
6.2 versus 30.5 ± 5.3 Kg/m2, p < 0.001), higher Larsen score (3.7 ± 1.4 versus 3.1 ± 1.3, p =
0.028) and higher TyG index (4.89 ± 0.23 versus 4.64 ± 0.19, p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression
analysis identified patients’ age (OR (95% CI): 0.94 (0.89-0.99), p = 0.018), Larsen score
(OR (95% CI): 1.93 (1.32-2.82), p = <0.001), anti-CCP (OR (95%): 1.04 (1.02-1.07), p = 0.032),
and TyG index (OR (95% CI): 22.67 (2.14-240.4), p = 0.01) as significant predictors of high disease
activity in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:
IR estimated by the TyG index is related to disease activity and SCA in RA patients.
Characteristics and Biological Properties of Imeglimin Hydrochlo ride,
A Novel Antidiabetic Agent: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sultan Jasira , Agarwal Nikhil , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: October 2023

Background:
WHO indicates that diabetes will become the 7th leading reason for
death by 2030. The physiopathology of dysfunctioning is associated with obesity, weight gain
and predominantly insulin resistance in insulin-sensitive cells and continuous deterioration of
pancreatic beta cell function. Imeglimin is an investigational novel oral anti-diabetic drug.

Objectives:
The motive of the review is to comprehensively explore the chemistry, biological
and analytical analysis of the Imeglimin hydrochloride

Methods:
To enhance the understanding, a systematic review was conducted by forming a database of relevant existing studies from electronic resources like Web of Science, ScienceDirect
and PubMed. The methodology is reflected in the PRISMA design.

Result:
The drug was approved in the year 2021 for therapeutic purposes in Japan. It is the novel
and first approved drug for this type of Anti-diabetic treatment. It is a small molecular drug
whose molecular weight is 191.6 grams per mole utilized for oral administration. Imeglimin is
thought to have both activities, as the amount of glucose is dependent on insulin secretory impact and insulin sensitivity is increased.

Conclusion:
Therapeutic, pharmacological, and analytical considerations for the novel drug
Imeglimin hydrochloride are discussed in this review.
Multimodal Medical Image Fusion Utilizing Two-scale Image Decomposition via
Saliency Detection
Authors: Kaur Harmanpreet , Vig Renu , Kumar Naresh , Sharma Apoorav , Dogra Ayush , Goyal Bhawna 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Modern medical imaging modalities used by clinicians have many applications in the diagnosis of complicated diseases. These imaging technologies reveal the internal anatomy and physiology of the body. The fundamental idea behind medical image fusion intend to increase the image&#039;s global and local contrast, enhance the visual impact, and change its format so that it is better suited for computer processing or human viewing while preventing noise magnification and accomplishing excellent real-time performance.Modern medical imaging modalities used by clinicians have many applications in the diagnosis of complicated diseases. These imaging
technologies reveal the internal anatomy and physiology of the body. The fundamental idea behind medical image fusion is to increase the image's
global and local contrast, enhance the visual impact, and change its format so that it is better suited for computer processing or human viewing
while preventing noise magnification and accomplishing excellent real-time performance.

Objective:
The top goal is to combine data from various modal images (CT/MRI and MR-T1/MR-T2) into a solitary image that, to the greatest degree
possible, retains the key characteristics (prominent features) of the source images.

Methods:
The clinical accuracy of medical issues is compromised because innumerable classical fusion methods struggle to conserve all the prominent
features of the original images. Furthermore, complex implementation, high computation time, and more memory requirements are key problems
of transform domain methods. With the purpose of solving these problems, this research suggests a fusion framework for multimodal medical
images that makes use of a multi-scale edge-preserving filter and visual saliency detection. The source images are decomposed using a two-scale
edge-preserving filter into base and detail layers. Base layers are combined using the addition fusion rule, while detail layers are fused using weight
maps constructed using the maximum symmetric surround saliency detection algorithm.

Results:
The resultant image constructed by the presumed method has improved objective evaluation metrics than other classical methods, as well as
unhindered edge contour, more global contrast, and no ringing effect or artifacts.

Conclusion:
The methodology offers a dominant and symbiotic arsenal of clinical symptomatic, therapeutic, and biomedical research competencies that have
the prospective to considerably strengthen medical practice and biological understanding.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Memecylon
umbellatum in Breast Carcinoma and Lupeol and Beta-sitosterol Quantified
by HPTLC
Authors: Chaudhary Shilpee , Subraya Chandrashekar Kodangala , Karkala Sreedhara Ranganath , Pai Vasudev , Nanjundaiah Aswatha Ram Holavanna Halli , Pai Aravinda 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Memecylon umbellatum is a perennial plant of the Melastomataceae family
that grows in abundance in the Western Ghats and has been used traditionally to treat cancer and
inflammatory conditions.

Methods:
From the literature survey, it was found that no substantial work has been carried out to
identify the bioactive compounds by HPTLC method and to screen the antioxidant and anticancer
activity of M. umbellatum. Hence, an effort has been made to carry out the phytochemical investigation
by HPTLC method and to screen the antioxidant activity by ABTS assay, DPPH assay, Nitric
oxide antioxidant assay, Iron chelating activity and Total antioxidant activity.

Results:
Total phenolics and flavonoids were carried out by using suitable methods. MCF-7 as well
as MDA-MB-231 cells were used to test anticancer activities in vitro. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated
that ethyl acetate extract caused G0/G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. HPTLC analysis led to
the identification of Lupeol from ethyl acetate extract.

Conclusion:
The anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract of M. umbellatum was significant. The
antioxidant and anticancer activity may attributed to Lupeol, Phenolic compounds and Flavonoids.
Neonatal Glycogen Storage Disease Type IA: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Tenente Joana , Campos Teresa , Vasconcelos Carla , Santos Helena , Carvalho Marisa , Ramos Altina , Vilarinho Laura , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Teles Elisa Leão 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Glucose homeostasis is essential for energy production and the central nervous system
function, depending on glycogen metabolism. Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are caused
by enzymatic defects of the glycogen degradation and mainly involve the liver since the inhibition
of hepatic glycogen breakdown results in its excessive storage and hepatomegaly. Other
findings are hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia and consequent neurological symptoms. GSD
Type Ia is a severe disease with clinical manifestations usually occurring in the first months.
Morbidity and mortality are high, when not treated. The patient was a male newborn, with nonconsanguineous
couple, born by eutocic delivery and weight 3760 g. On Day 2, weight loss
>10% and jaundice were noticed, and physical examination was as normal. The investigation
showed low glucose that only respond to iv glucose, metabolic acidosis, hyperlactatemia and
elevated liver enzymes. Considering his inherited metabolic disease, he was transferred to the
Reference Center. Complementary tests showed hypertriglyceridemia and absence of ketone
bodies. Abdominal US revealed a liver in the upper limit of normal. Most likely clinical diagnosis
was GSD type Ia, confirmed by genetic test. He needed iv glucose, but then stabilized with
formula without galactose, supplemented with dextrin every 2 hours. He is now 7 months old,
has flash glucose self-monitoring system, maintaining frequent feedings, with sporadic hypoglycemia
with normal physical development and no hepatomegaly. Hypoglycemia and early
weight loss in newborns are red flags for metabolic diseases or other conditions. When accompanied
by other metabolic findings, such as hyperlactatemia and metabolic acidosis, associated
with short fasting periods, glycogen metabolism disorders must be considered. Patients with
GSD Type Ia generally appear normal at birth and an early presentation is not frequent within
the first hours after birth. Moreover, avoiding fasting and hypoglycemia are of vital importance
for better cognitive outcome, global prognosis, and prevention of other metabolic abnormalities.
An IoT-based Intelligent Irrigation and Weather Forecasting System
Authors: Srikar Sirivella Sai , Yellamma Pachipala 
Published: October 2023

Introduction::
The most crucial ingredient in agriculture is water. The amount of water
that plants require must be provided to them. However, growers alternate between giving their
plants more water than they truly need and giving them less and partly because they become overwatered
due to meteorological circumstances like unexpected rainfall.

Methods::
We employ an IoT-based intelligent irrigation system to get around this problem. It includes
a centrifugal pump, a motor driver board, and a soil moisture sensor with YL69 probes.
When the soil moisture level drops, the pump automatically delivers water to the plants with minimal
human involvement. The electrical conductivity theory is how the sensor for soil moisture
functions. A DHT11 sensor and a barometer, which provide information on the local temperature,
humidity, and atmospheric pressure, are both parts of the weather monitoring system with the help
of this, farmers can forecast the local weather and plan their irrigation accordingly.

Results::
In this patent study, the thing speak API enables us to continually monitor information
from a computer or mobile device, and the ESP8266 module links the complete system to the internet.
Through this approach, water waste is reduced, and irrigation efficiency is increased while
crop health and quality are preserved.

Conclusion::
Overall, this research demonstrated how the Internet of Things-based intelligent irrigation
systems may enhance agricultural water management. By combining soil moisture monitoring,
weather monitoring, and autonomous management, we may develop irrigation techniques
that are more precise, effective and patent leading to higher crop yields and sustainable agricultural
practices.
Contrasting YOLOv7, SSD, and DETR on Insulator Identification under
Small-sample Learning
Authors: Yang Yanli , Wang Xinlin , Pan Weisheng 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Daily inspections of insulators are necessary because they are indispensable
components for power transmission lines. Using deep learning to monitor insulators is a
newly developed method. However, most deep learning-based detection methods rely on a large
training sample set, which consumes computing resources and increases the workload of sample
labeling. The selection of learning models to monitor insulators becomes problematic.

Objective::
Through comparative analysis, a model suitable for small-sample insulator learning is
found to provide a reference for the research and application of insulator detection.

Methods::
This paper compares some of the latest deep learning models, YOLOv7, SSD, and
DETR, for insulator detection based on small-sample learning. The small sample here means that
the number of samples and their proportion to the total sample are relatively small. Two public
insulator image sets, InsulatorDataSet with 600 insulator images and Transmission-line-pictures
(TLP) with 1230 insulator images in the natural background are selected to test the performance of
these models.

Results::
Tests on two public insulator image sets, InsulatorDataSet and TLP, show that the recognition
rates of YOLOv7, DETR, and SSD are arranged from high to low. The DETR and the
YOLOv7 have stable performance, while the SSD lacks stable performance in terms of the learning
time and recognition rate.

Conclusion::
The in-domain and cross-domain scenario tests show that YOLOv7 is more suitable
for insulator detection under small-sample conditions among the three models.
The Role of AI in Serious Games and Gamification for Health: Scoping Review
Authors: Tolks Daniel , Schmidt Johannes Jeremy , Kuhn Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) and game-based methods such as serious games or gamification are both emerging technologies and methodologies in health care. The merging of the two could provide greater advantages, particularly in the field of therapeutic interventions in medicine.

Objective
This scoping review sought to generate an overview of the currently existing literature on the connection of AI and game-based approaches in health care. The primary objectives were to cluster studies by disease and health topic addressed, level of care, and AI or games technology.

Methods
For this scoping review, the databases PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane Library, and PubPsych were comprehensively searched on February 2, 2022. Two independent authors conducted the screening process using Rayyan software (Rayyan Systems Inc). Only original studies published in English since 1992 were eligible for inclusion. The studies had to involve aspects of therapy or education in medicine and the use of AI in combination with game-based approaches. Each publication was coded for basic characteristics, including the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) criteria; the level of evidence; the disease and health issue; the level of care; the game variant; the AI technology; and the function type. Inductive coding was used to identify the patterns, themes, and categories in the data. Individual codings were analyzed and summarized narratively.

Results
A total of 16 papers met all inclusion criteria. Most of the studies (10/16, 63%) were conducted in disease rehabilitation, tackling motion impairment (eg, after stroke or trauma). Another cluster of studies (3/16, 19%) was found in the detection and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Machine learning was the main AI technology applied and serious games the main game-based approach used. However, direct interaction between the technologies occurred only in 3 (19%) of the 16 studies. The included studies all show very limited quality evidence. From the patients’ and healthy individuals’ perspective, generally high usability, motivation, and satisfaction were found.

Conclusions
The review shows limited quality of evidence for the combination of AI and games in health care. Most of the included studies were nonrandomized pilot studies with few participants (14/16, 88%). This leads to a high risk for a range of biases and limits overall conclusions. However, the first results present a broad scope of possible applications, especially in motion and cognitive impairment, as well as positive perceptions by patients. In future, the development of adaptive game designs with direct interaction between AI and games seems promising and should be a topic for future reviews.
The Impact of UK Medical Students’ Demographics and Socioeconomic Factors on Their Self-Reported Familiarity With the Postgraduate Training Pathways and Application Process: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Davoudi Kaveh , Rakhecha Tushar , Corriero Anna Chiara , Ko Kar Chang Natalie , Ismail Roseanne , King Esther R B , Hollén Linda 
Published: October 2023

Background
UK medical graduates can apply for specialty training after completing a 2-year internship (foundation training). Postfoundation training application requirements vary depending on specialty but fundamentally require key skills such as teaching, research, and leadership.

Objective
This study investigated whether medical student demographics impact their self-reported familiarity with the Post-Foundation Training Pathways (PFTPs) and Post-Foundation Application Process (PFAP).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study using a Bristol Online Survey. We invited all UK medical students to answer a range of questions about their demographics. Students were then asked to rank their familiarity with PFTPs and PFAP on a scale of 1 to 5 (1=least familiar and 5=most familiar). The responses were collected between March 2022 and April 2022 and exported for further analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted in Stata (version 17.1; StataCorp) using chi-square tests.

Results
A total of 850 students from 31 UK medical schools took part. There was a significant difference between gender and self-reported familiarity with PFTPs (P<.001) and PFAP (P<.001), with male students expressing higher familiarity. Similarly, there was a difference between ethnicity and self-reported familiarity with PFTPs (P=.02) and PFAP (P<.001), with White students more likely to express higher familiarity than their Black, Asian, or Mixed Ethnic counterparts. Lastly, there was an overall difference between medical background and age and self-reported familiarity with PFTPs and PFAP (all P<.001), with students from medical backgrounds and older students being more likely to express higher familiarity.

Conclusions
The impact of gender, ethnicity, age, and medical background on students’ self-reported familiarity with PFTPs and PFAP is significant. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of these factors on tested knowledge of PFTPs and PFAP and whether this impacts the success rate of postfoundation applications.
Pemberian pesan Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertensions-like diet melalui whatsApp untuk memperbaiki kepatuhan diet dan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi
Authors: Wulandari Arum , Kurdanti Weni , Setiyobroto Idi 
Published: October 2023

Giving Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-like diet messages via WhatsApp to improve dietary compliance and blood pressure in hypertensive patientsBackground: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-like diet (DASH-like diet) is a non-pharmacological management of hypertension. The delivery of health information is currently being developed through social media such as WhatsApp.Objective: To determine the effect of giving DASH-like diet messages via WhatsApp on the compliance of DASH-like diet and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experiment by one group pretest-posttest design approach. The location was taken at Kasihan II Health Center Community with 26 hypertensive patients for the sample. Univariate analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Wilcoxon test for analysis of the compliance scores of DASH-like diet and diastolic blood pressure analysis. Systolic blood pressure analysis used paired sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. Results: There was a significant difference in DASH-like diet compliance score (p=0,001) and systolic blood pressure (p=0,021) between before and after the intervention. In contrast, there was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention (p=0.110). Conclusion: Giving a DASH-like diet message can significantly increase compliance with a DASH-like diet and systolic blood pressure and reduce diastolic blood pressure, although not significantly.