bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Localized Nonorbital, Nonparameningeal Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma: Lessons Learned From Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies III and IV
Authors: Pappo Alberto S. , Meza Jane L. , Donaldson Sarah S. , Wharam Moody D. , Wiener Eugene S. , Qualman Stephen J. , Maurer Harold M. , Crist William M. 
Published: February 2003

Purpose: The characteristics and clinical outcomes of children and adolescents with localized nonorbital, nonparameningeal head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treated on national protocols from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Group are reported. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 164 children and adolescents enrolled in the third and fourth Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies. Variables analyzed included age, sex, primary tumor site, histologic subtype, clinical group, therapy, site and rate of treatment failure, and time to initial recurrence. Results: Localized nonorbital, nonparameningeal RMS accounted for 9% of all cases of RMS. The median age at diagnosis was 5 years; the median follow-up was 6.6 years. Estimated 5-year failure-free survival (FFS) and survival (S) rates were 76% (95% CI, 69% to 83%) and 83% (95% CI, 77% to 89%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, patients with clinically involved regional nodes (N1) had worse FFS (P = .02). For patients with embryonal tumors, FFS was significantly improved, especially among patients with Group I/II without nodal disease clinical Group I, II N0. For patients with alveolar/undifferentiated histology, FFS was significantly worse in children under the age of 1 year. Actuarial estimates of recurrences at 15 years were local (19%), regional (5%), and distant (9%). Conclusion: More than 80% of patients with RMS of the head and neck are cured of their disease using surgery and vincristine, dactinomycin ± cyclophosphamide with or without radiotherapy. Our results indicate that early, limited exposure to cyclophosphamide might reduce recurrence in low-risk embryonal patients and that reduced dosages might achieve comparable results with improved toxicity profiles. These hypotheses will be tested in the next generation of trials from the Soft Tissue Committee of the Children’s Oncology Group.
The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Characterization, Regulation, and Medical Significance
Authors: Dohán Orsolya , De la Vieja Antonio , Paroder Viktoriya , Riedel Claudia , Artani Mona , Reed Mia , Ginter Christopher S. , Carrasco Nancy 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active I− transport into the thyroid follicular cells, the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. NIS-mediated thyroidal I− transport from the bloodstream to the colloid is a vectorial process made possible by the selective targeting of NIS to the basolateral membrane. NIS also mediates active I− transport in other tissues, including salivary glands, gastric mucosa, and lactating mammary gland, in which it translocates I− into the milk for thyroid hormone biosynthesis by the nursing newborn. NIS provides the basis for the effective diagnostic and therapeutic management of thyroid cancer and its metastases with radioiodide. NIS research has proceeded at an astounding pace after the 1996 isolation of the rat NIS cDNA, comprising the elucidation of NIS secondary structure and topology, biogenesis and posttranslational modifications, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, electrophysiological analysis, isolation of the human NIS cDNA, and determination of the human NIS genomic organization. Clinically related topics include the analysis of congenital I− transport defect-causing NIS mutations and the role of NIS in thyroid cancer. NIS has been transduced into various kinds of cancer cells to render them susceptible to destruction with radioiodide. Most dramatically, the discovery of endogenous NIS expression in more than 80% of human breast cancer samples has raised the possibility that radioiodide may be a valuable novel tool in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Organised Mesoporous Silica Synthesised by Nanoscale Duplication of an Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Material Using a Gas Phase Process
Authors: Parmentier J , Vix-Guterl C , Saadallah S , Reda M , Illescu M , Werckmann J , Patarin J 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Organised mesoporous silica was synthesised by nanoscale duplication of an ordered mesoporous carbon material using a gas phase process.
Immunolocalization of laminin during estrogen‐induced differentiation of quail oviduct epithelial cells
Authors: PERCHE Olivier , SANDOZ Daniel 
Published: February 2003

During estrogen‐induced development of the quail oviduct, tubular glands are formed by evagination of epithelial cells into the stroma. The distribution of laminin was studied during the early stages by means of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Ultrastructural changes in the basal lamina were studied by electron miscrocopy.Basement membranes at all stages of development were delineated with 3 polyclonal antilaminin antisera. However, in ovariectomized birds, laminin could not be detected by one of the polyclonal antilaminin antisera. Subsequently, this antibody detected laminin as epithellal cell evaginations were induced by estradiol benzoate. The heavy and light chains of Engelbreth Holm sarcoma (EHS) laminin were revealed in immunoblotting by all antibodies.By electron microscopy after the immunoperoxidase technique with antilaminin antisera laminin appears to be accumulated mainly in the lamina densa. Furthermore, the thickness of the basal lamina increases during oviduct development. These data indicate that basal lamina organization is modified during oviduct cell differentiation and that immunoreactivity of epithelial basement membrane laminin changes during development.
Ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus of Oxyrrhis marina
Authors: Cachon Monique , Cosson Jacky , Cosson Marie‐Paule , Huitorel Philippe , Cachon Jean 
Published: February 2003

Summary— Oxyrrhis marina, like all dinoflagellates, possesses one transverse and one longitudinal flagellum, which show structural differences.The transverse flagellum contains a small fibre, 20 nm in diameter, associated with doublet no.7, whereas the longitudinal flagellum is substantially by a large (200–300 nm) hollows structure closely resembling the paraflagellar rod described by several authors in kinetoplastidae and in euglenoids. This structure is made up of a hemicylindrical network of filaments which are often linked on one side to the outer doublet no. 4, and on the other side to a dense plate. Another thinner filamentous network closes this hemicyclinder. In cross‐section, the wall of this structure is made up of 8 filaments 2–4 nm in diameter that show a thicker periodic structure. In longitudinal section the same filaments appear arranged in periodic rhombus meshes or a helicoidal pattern, depending on the orientation of the section relative to the axoneme.
Ultrastructures and evolutionary modalities of flagellar and ciliary systems in protists
Authors: Grain Jean , Mignot Jean‐Pierre , de Puytorac Pierre 
Published: February 2003

Summary— As both the ultrastructure and function of flagella and cilia have been for the main part remarkably conserved during Eukaryote, evolution, the question arises as to whether the variations observed at the organite ultrastural level, or at the level of the development of a flagellar or ciliary cellular system could be considered as systematic or phylogenetic criteria.With regard to the fundamental structure, the known variations concern: 1) the kinetosome (length, position and number of cartwheels, number of triplets, and respective lengths of the microtubules); 2) the transition zone (various structural types); 3) the axoneme (number of doublets, central tubules, arms); 4) the paraxonemal formations (presence, position, structure); 5) the membrane (intramembranous particles; intramembranous particles; addition of components, mastigonemes, scales); 6) the fibres associated with the kinetosomes. Some of these variations are characteristic of taxa, and are considered as phylogenetic markers.Regarding the variations in the number of ciliary or flagellar units per cell, the following can be distinguished: cells with only one kinetosome (Ks), carrying one flagellum; cells with 2 neighbouring Ks (primary Ks = 2A), only one Ks, or the 2 Ks, bearing a flagellum; cells with numerous flagella or cilia. We consider that this configuration can result from: a) addition of new Ks around the primary Ks, forming a primary group (PG): either by replication of the primary couple (2 × 2A in Karotomorpha; 2 × 2A in Phaeopolykrikos; 4(2 × 2A) in Polkrikos), or by addition of new Ks (N) without copy or replication of the primary Ks (2A + 2N in Polytomella; 2A +3N in Tetratrichomonas; 2A + 3N in Tetratrichomonas; 2A + 4N in Hexamastix; 2A + 6N in Pyramimonas octopus). b) amplification of each constituent of the primordial couple in opalinids. c) amplification of the primary group [yx(AA + 2N) with y = 2 in diplomonadida and y > 2 in calonymphidae. d) appearance in morphogenetic fields situated outside the primary group (but possibly related to it) of new Ks which then form secondary groups (SG) where they are arranged in polarized rows composed of juxtaposed cortical units (monokinetids). In this case, PG can be of type 2A+2N (1PG+1SG in lophomonadida; 1PG+2SG in some trichonymphina), or can lose some Ks, resulting in reduced PG (4 reduced PG+4GS in Staurojoenina, n reduced PG + nGS in spirotrichonymphina). The PG may even disappear; either partially leaving remnants in the form of MTOCs in Stephanopogon, or completely, as in cilliates where the general ciliature would represent on the SG.From the above, it is seen that: a) the pluriflagellar state in protists depends on only a small number of factors; b) the same factors are used in different groups; c) different states have been obtained within different groups. An analysis of the respective evolution of kinetosomes and centrioles is proposed.
Comparison between the molecular characteristics and the potential activity of X and Y nucleolar organizers from various Drosophila melanogaster laboratory lines
Authors: ROSENBERG‐BOURGIN Myriam , PAUMARD Solange , BRACONE Annie , CONTESSE Gérard 
Published: February 2003

The molecular characteristics of nucleolar organizers from X and Y chromosomes of different Drosophila melanogaster lines have previously been studied (17).By analysis of appropriate genetic crosses we show in the present study that the X and Y chromosomes of these lines can confer different degrees of resistance on an inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis (beta exotoxin or thuringiensin) present in the thermostable supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis cultures. None of the lines studied gives rise to any particular phenotype under normal culture conditions; variations in the degree of supernatant resistance of these lines provide a relative measure of what can be called the potential activity of the nucleolar organizers of the different X and/or Y chromosomes. The potential activity of the Y nucleolar organizers is found to be generally higher than that of the X organizers.This result can be correlated with the fact that the number of uninterrupted ribosomal units is much greater on the Y chromosomes than on the Xs. Significant variations in potential activity have been shown to occur among the X as also among the Y nucleolar organizers.Comparison between the molecular characteristics of the nucleolar organizers and their level of activity shows that among the different ribosomal units, only those devoid of insertion interface with the level of activity. However, some of our results could also indicate that not all the uninterrupted units have the same level of activity; this level could be related to the size of the nontranscribed spacer of the ribosomal units.The peculiarly low level of activity of the Y F71 nucleolar organizer can be explained by genetic rehandlings which could interfere with the degree of activity of the ribosomal genes. Certain results obtained with the X chromosomes do not seem explainable by the molecular characteristics of their nucleolar organizers; conceivably, other genetic factors present on these chromosomes could interfere with the degree of activity of their nucleolar organizers.
Demonstrating the destruction of the habitat of the Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis)
Authors: Jenkins Clinton N. , Powell Robert D. , Bass Oron L. , Pimm Stuart L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) is Federally protected under the Endangered Species Act of the United States of America. This legislation prohibits direct or indirect take ‐ the killing or harming ‐ of the protected species. In 1993 and 1995, the opening of floodgates into Everglades National Park during the normal dry season resulted in a direct take of the sparrow. The argument was also made that there was indirect take through destruction of the habitat upon which the sparrow depends. Using a combination of fieldwork and satellite image analysis, we show that the floods did damage to the habitat of the sparrow. Moreover, they did so for a period longer than the actual flooding, further increasing the sparrow's extinction risk. Recovery of the sparrow population to pre‐flood levels will require an adequate and stable amount of habitat. We now have a technique for monitoring that habitat and ensuring that poor water management does not threaten it. More broadly, this technique has the potential for monitoring the habitat of many other species and avoiding another situation such as the sparrow faces.
Microhabitat‐specific early‐larval survival of the maritime ringlet (Coenonympha tullia nipisiquit)
Authors: Sei Makiri , Porter Adam H. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMaritime ringlet butterflies (Coenonympha tullia nipisiquit McDunnough) are rare, endangered salt marsh butterflies with larvae that survive periodic tidal submergence. Only six disjunct populations are known to exist. First‐instar larvae were released and monitored in seven microhabitats within a salt marsh in Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada. From resighting data, microhabitat‐specific daily death rates were estimated with maximum likelihood. The survival of the larvae released in groups was compared by calculating minimum number of larvae known to be alive (MNKA). Death rates were low in microhabitats with the larval host plant, salt meadow cordgrass (Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl.) and the major nectar source, sea lavender (Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton), a habitat with a moderate frequency of flooding. Because microhabitats have a large effect on the survival rate of young larvae, use of microhabitat profiles in salt marshes as habitat‐quality indices is recommended in critical‐habitat assessment and reintroduction efforts.
Si-SiO2 interface characterization from angular dependence of x-ray photoelectron spectra
Authors: Ishizaka Akitoshi , Iwata Seiichi 
Published: February 2003

The Si-SiO2 interface is studied by using ESCA. The sample is a very thin oxide film (0.91 nm thick) on Si substrate. The angular dependence of the Si2p spectrum is measured. The Si2p spectrum is composed of SiSi2p photoelectrons emitted from the Si substrate, Six2p photoelectrons emitted from the transition region at the Si-SiO2 interface, and SiSiO22p photoelectrons emitted from SiO2 film.
It is concluded that the chemical shift for Si atoms in the transition region is 1.6 eV (this value is about one-half of that of SiO2), and that the thickness of the transition region is 0.2–0.3 nm.
Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Mitochondrial Carrier Proteins in Arabidopsis
Authors: Millar A. Harvey , Heazlewood Joshua L. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractPlant mitochondria maintain metabolic communication with the cytosol through a family of carrier proteins. In Arabidopsis, a subset of 45 putative genes encoding members of this family have been identified based on generalized mitochondrial carrier features. No gene clusters are apparent and few of the predicted protein products have mitochondrial targeting sequences recognized by bioinformatic predictors. Only nine genes are currently represented by more than 10 expressed sequence tags at The Institute for Genomic Research. Analyses of public microarray experiments reveal differential expression profiles of the more highly expressed members of this gene family in different plant organs and in response to plant hormone application and environmental stresses. A comparison of this Arabidopsis carrier subset (45) to the yeast gene family (35) reveals 10 orthologous groups between the two species. Recent surveys of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome by two-dimensional gel separations have not identified any of these carrier proteins, presumably because of their hydrophobicity and basicity. Isolating integral membrane proteins from Arabidopsis mitochondria, using one-dimensional electrophoresis for protein separation and tandem mass spectrometry-based sequencing of doubly charged peptides, we have unequivocally identified specific carrier gene products located in mitochondria. This approach has identified six of the nine carriers represented highly in expressed sequence tag databases: adenine nucleotide translocator (At3g8580 and At5g13490), dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate carrier (At5g19760), phosphate carrier (At5g14040), uncoupling protein (At3g54110), and a carrier gene of unknown function (At4g01100). Overall, the combined transcript and protein expression data indicates that only a small subset of the carrier family of genes provide the majority of carrier proteins of Arabidopsis mitochondria.
Polyamine Oxidase, a Hydrogen Peroxide-Producing Enzyme, Is Up-Regulated by Light and Down-Regulated by Auxin in the Outer Tissues of the Maize Mesocotyl
Authors: Cona Alessandra , Cenci Francesco , Cervelli Manuela , Federico Rodolfo , Mariottini Paolo , Moreno Sandra , Angelini Riccardo 
Published: February 2003

Abstract
Exogenously supplied auxin (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) inhibited light-induced activity increase of polyamine oxidase (PAO), a hydrogen peroxide-producing enzyme, in the outer tissues of maize (Zea mays) mesocotyl. The same phenomenon operates at PAO protein and mRNA accumulation levels. The wall-bound to extractable PAO activity ratio was unaffected by auxin treatment, either in the dark or after light exposure. Ethylene treatment did not affect PAO activity, thus excluding an effect of auxin via increased ethylene biosynthesis. The auxin polar transport inhibitorsN 1-naphthylphthalamic acid or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid caused a further increase of PAO expression in outer tissues after light treatment. The small increase of PAO expression, normally occurring in the mesocotyl epidermis during plant development in the dark, was also inhibited by auxin, although to a lesser extent with respect to light-exposed tissue, and was stimulated by N 1-naphthylphthalamic acid or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, thus suggesting a complex regulation of PAO expression. Immunogold ultrastructural analysis in epidermal cells revealed the association of PAO with the secretory pathway and the cell walls. The presence of the enzyme in the cell walls of this tissue greatly increased in response to light treatment. Consistent with auxin effects on light-induced PAO expression, the hormone treatment inhibited the increase in immunogold staining both intraprotoplasmically and in the cell wall. These results suggest that both light and auxin finely tune PAO expression during the light-induced differentiation of the cell wall in the maize mesocotyl epidermal tissues.
Winter at the Alpine Timberline. Why Does Embolism Occur in Norway Spruce But Not in Stone Pine?
Authors: Mayr Stefan , Schwienbacher Franziska , Bauer Helmut 
Published: February 2003

AbstractConifers growing at the alpine timberline are exposed to frost drought and freeze-thaw cycles during winter—stress factors known to induce embolism in tree xylem. The two dominant species of the European Central Alps timberline were studied: Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) and stone pine (Pinus cembra), which usually reaches higher altitudes. We hypothesized to find embolism only at the timberline and to observe less embolism in stone pine than in Norway spruce due to avoidance mechanisms. Seasonal courses of embolism and water potential were studied at 1,700 and 2,100 m during two winter seasons and correlated to vulnerability (to drought-induced embolism), leaf conductance, and micrometeorological data. Embolism was observed only at the timberline and only in Norway spruce (up to 49.2% loss of conductivity). Conductivity losses corresponded to low water potentials (down to −3.5 MPa) but also to the number of freeze-thaw events indicating both stress factors to contribute to embolism induction. Decreasing embolism rates—probably due to refilling—were observed already in winter. Stone pine did not exhibit an adapted vulnerability (50% loss of conductivity at −3.5 MPa) but avoided critical potentials (minimum −2.3 MPa): Cuticulare conductance was 3.5-fold lower than in Norway spruce, and angles between needles and axes were found to decrease in dehydrating branches. The extent of conductivity losses in Norway spruce and the spectrum of avoidance and recovery mechanisms in both species indicates winter embolism to be relevant for tree line formation.
Comparative Analyses of Potato Expressed Sequence Tag Libraries
Authors: Ronning Catherine M. , Stegalkina Svetlana S. , Ascenzi Robert A. , Bougri Oleg , Hart Amy L. , Utterbach Teresa R. , Vanaken Susan E. , Riedmuller Steve B. , White Joseph A. , Cho Jennifer , Pertea Geo M. , Lee Yuandan , Karamycheva Svetlana , Sultana Razvan , Tsai Jennifer , Quackenbush John , Griffiths Helen M. , Restrepo Silvia , Smart Christine D. , Fry William E. , van der Hoeven Rutger , Tanksley Steve , Zhang Peifen , Jin Hailing , Yamamoto Miki L. , Baker Barbara J. , Buell C. Robin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) shares similar biology with other members of the Solanaceae, yet has features unique within the family, such as modified stems (stolons) that develop into edible tubers. To better understand potato biology, we have undertaken a survey of the potato transcriptome using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from diverse tissues. A total of 61,940 ESTs were generated from aerial tissues, below-ground tissues, and tissues challenged with the late-blight pathogen (Phytophthora infestans). Clustering and assembly of these ESTs resulted in a total of 19,892 unique sequences with 8,741 tentative consensus sequences and 11,151 singleton ESTs. We were able to identify a putative function for 43.7% of these sequences. A number of sequences (48) were expressed throughout the libraries sampled, representing constitutively expressed sequences. Other sequences (13,068, 21%) were uniquely expressed and were detected only in a single library. Using hierarchal and k means clustering of the EST sequences, we were able to correlate changes in gene expression with major physiological events in potato biology. Using pair-wise comparisons of tuber-related tissues, we were able to associate genes with tuber initiation, dormancy, and sprouting. We also were able to identify a number of characterized as well as novel sequences that were unique to the incompatible interaction of late-blight pathogen, thereby providing a foundation for further understanding the mechanism of resistance.