bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quantitative Method for Following Radiologic Healing in Endodontic Retreatment; 1-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: YILMAZ Serkan , DÜZGÜN Salih 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the changes in the internal bone structure at the periapical bone regions after retreatment in endodontics using fractal analysis method on periapical radiographs.
Materials and Methods: 29 single-rooted, asymptomatic, single-visit retreatment teeth with apical lesion were included in the study. All teeth included in the study were selected from the maxilla anterior region. Periapical radiograph (T0) was taken for baseline diagnosis at the start of retreatment. Second periapical follow-up radiograph (T1) of the patients was taken at the end of 1 year. The first evaluation phase of the 1-year results of endodontic retreatment is based on the periapical index (PAI). Fractal dimension (FD) was calculated by box-counting method. The paired-sample t-test was used to compare T0 and T1 FDs. The independent samples t-test was employed to compare FD changes between the sexes. The significance level was set to 0.05.
Results: PAI scores were found to be statistically significantly decreased in T1 radiographs compared to T0 (p
An Oversampling Technique for Handling Imbalanced Data in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis
Authors: ALTINGÖZ Sema Merve , BAKIRARAR Batuhan , ÜNSAL Elif , KURGAN Sivge , GÜNHAN Meral 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Periodontitis has been suggested to be associated with several systemic diseases and conditions including obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, chronic renal disease, respiratory disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of impairment and is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Our study is aimed to handle MetS unbalanced data using the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to increase accuracy and reliability.
Materials and Methods: Six metabolic syndrome patients and 26 systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis were recruited in this study. Clinical parameters (Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP)) were obtained, smoking status and body-mass index (BMI), systemic diseases, fasting glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and serum advanced glycation end-products (AGE) levels were recorded by one examiner. First, the data was pre-processed by removing missing values, outliers and normalizing the data. Then, SMOTE technique was used to oversample the minority class. SMOTE works by creating synthetic data points that are similar to the existing minority class instances. The experimental dataset included numerous machine learning algorithms and assessed accuracy using both pre- and post-oversampling methods.
Results: Our findings suggest that by increasing the sample size of a study, researchers can gain more accurate and reliable results. This is especially important when studying a population with a lower sample size, as the results may be skewed.
Conclusion: SMOTE may result in over fitting on numerous copies of minority class samples.
[What requirements for geothermal heat pump systems for heating & cooling]
Authors: Cerutti Paolo , Fattor Moreno 
Published: December 2023

In termini più sintetici rispetto a quanto già fornito in precedenti numeri di questa rubrica relativamente agli impianti geotermici a pompa di calore per la climatizzazione, si ripropongono nel seguito alcuni presupposti ed alcuni obiettivi aggiornati che, se condivisi, potrebbero essere un utile riferimento per l’aggiornamento degli strumenti normativi vigenti e per l’impostazione di quelli in divenire...

[Article in Italian]
Öğretmen Adaylarının Fen Okuryazarlıkları ile Aşı Tereddütleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: YALÇIN Paşa , EKER Hakan , ALTUN YALÇIN Sema 
Published: December 2023

Bilim ve teknolojinin hayatımızın her alanına nüfuz ettiği çağımızda; çevre, (hava, su ve topak) kirliliği arttı. Nükleer, termik, hidroelektrik, fosil enerji kaynakları ve bunların yan etkileri ile bulaşıcı hastalıklar; AIDS (Edinsel Bağışıklık Yetersizliği Sendromu), EBOLA, KUŞ GRİBİ, KKKA (Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi) çok daha yaygınlaştı. Teknolojinin olumsuz gelişmeleri, çevre sorunları ile mücadele etmek ve hastalıklara karşı aşılama gibi önleyici konularda makul kararlar alarak sorunlar ile başa çıkabilmenin en iyi yolu nitelikli fen okuryazar bireyler yetiştirmektir. Ayrıca küresel bir sorun haline gelen COVID-19’a karşı en büyük silah olarak güvenilir aşı görülmekle birlikte aşıların hızlı ve yeterli miktarda üretilmesi, dağıtılması, planlanması ve üretilen aşıların yüksek oranda uygulanarak toplumsal bağışıklığın sağlanması gerekmektedir. Geliştirilen aşıların yüksek oranda uygulanmasını etkileyen faktörlerden birisi de aşı tereddütüdür.
Bu araştırmada lisan son sınıf öğrencilerinin fen okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile aşı tereddüttü arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin orta ölçekli bir ilinde bulunan üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 235 lisans son sınıf öğrencisine "Fen Okuryazarlık Ölçeği" ve "Pandemilerde Aşı Tereddütü Ölçeği" gönüllülük esasına göre ve etik kurallara uygun olarak uygulandı. Veriler, SPSS 25,0 programı ile analiz edildi. Araştırma nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama (tanımlayıcı) ve ilişki arayıcı araştırma şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen veriler kullanılarak hedef kitlenin fen okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile aşı tereddütleri arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Öğretmen adaylarının aşı tereddüt düzeylerinin ortalama düzeyde olduğu ve fen okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile aşı tereddütleri arasında düşük düzeyde ve negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulundu.
The 2021 Alcohol’s Harm to Others Survey: Methodological Approach
Authors: Rintala Jade , Room Robin , Smit Koen , Jiang Heng , Laslett Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The 2021 Alcohol's Harm to Others (AHTO) is a comprehensive survey measuring the prevalence of different harms due to another’s drinking in the Australian population. First implemented in 2008, the AHTO survey has since been adapted to reflect changes in modern survey research and to be comparable with international AHTO surveys.
Aims
The current paper aims to provide a detailed account of the 2021 Australian Alcohol's Harm to Others (AHTO) survey, including the procedures for sampling, data collection, weighting, response rate calculation and results from a mode analysis.
Methodology
The 2021 AHTO survey was conducted by the Social Research Centre (SRC), whereby 1,000 participants were recruited through Random Digit Dial (RDD) and 1,574 through the Life in Australia Panel (LinA). Weights applied to the data to match key respondent demographics to the Australian population and between the two samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to probe the extent sample source (RDD; LinA) was associated with various survey outcomes.
Results
Multiple regression analyses found sample source had a statistically significant association with responses on three out of eight outcomes, with sample source contributing 1 – 8% of the overall variance in these models.
Discussion
The current paper highlighted the 2021 AHTO survey’s comprehensiveness and adaptability to a modern research context as its strengths. Yet some limitations were identified relating to the use of bi-modal survey methods. The methodological critiques from the current paper are vital to inform future AHTO surveys used in both a national and international context.
Teasing-Induced Self-Circumcision in a Teenager: A Case Report
Authors: Gudugbe Senyo , Acquah Emmanuel Papa Kwadwo , Akuaku Rosaline Seyram , Nang-Beifubah Brian Nuo-Ire , Jaaga Solomon , Maison Patrick 
Published: December 2023

Aim: Male circumcision in traditionally circumcising communities is often performed by an experienced traditionalist or a surgeon. Transitioning through teenage years as an uncircumcised male in these communities can be challenging. This report highlights the psychosocial pressures of uncircumcised teenagers and the need for early formal circumcision to prevent self-injurious behaviour.
Case Presentation: We present a 13-year-old male, who performed a self-circumcision using a kitchen knife after enduring repeated teasing episodes at annual sports camps. He was resuscitated and later had penile skin reconstruction done. He did not have an underlying psychological disorder.
Discussion: Self-circumcision is rare and mostly reported amongst patients with underlying psychological disorders. Cases amongst teenagers with no underlying pathologies are ever rarer. Negative peer pressure in the form of teasing and push such patients to self-injurious behaviour. Early appropriate surgical intervention following self-circumcision results in good clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Uncircumcised teenagers in traditionally circumcising communities may suffer adverse psychological trauma from peers leading to self-harm. Parents of such children should seek early medical care to avert the risks of self-injurious behaviour.
National Trends in 30-Day Readmission Following Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nyirjesy Sarah C. , McCrary Hilary C. , Zhao Songzhu , Judd Ryan T. , Farlow Janice L. , Seim Nolan B. , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Old Matthew O. , Rocco James W. , Kang Stephen Y. , Haring Catherine T. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceAs the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continues to rise in the US, an increasing number of patients are being treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Readmission following surgery can potentially delay initiation of adjuvant treatment and affect survival outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for 30-day postoperative readmission in patients undergoing TORS for OPSCC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study used data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2017. All patients undergoing TORS for OPSCC were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes and included. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years or incomplete information regarding index admission or readmission. The analysis was performed from April to October 2023.ExposureTORS for OPSCC.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUnivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with 30-day readmission. Covariates included demographics and medical comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, hospital characteristics, and surgical details. Trends in readmission over time, reasons for readmission, and characteristics of the readmission were also examined.ResultsA weighted total of 5544 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [0.25] years; 4475 [80.7%] male) underwent TORS for OPSCC. The overall readmission rate was 17.5% (n = 971), and these rates decreased over the study period (50 of 211 patients [23.7%] in 2010 vs 58 of 633 patients [9.1%] in 2017). Risk factors associated with readmission included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07-2.20) and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.28-4.58). Factors associated with decreased rate of readmission included undergoing concurrent selective neck dissection (AOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.41). Among the 971 readmissions, the most common readmission diagnoses were bleeding (151 [15.6%]), electrolyte and digestive problems (44 [4.5%]), pneumonia (44 [4.5%]), and sepsis (26 [2.7%]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, readmission rates following TORS for oropharynx cancer decreased over time; however, a subset of patients required readmission most commonly related to bleeding, infection, and electrolyte imbalance. Concurrent neck dissection may be protective against readmission. Elucidation of risk factors for readmission after TORS for OPSCC offers opportunities for evidence-based shared decision-making, quality improvement initiatives, and improved patient counseling.
Lattice Instability Induced Concerted Structural Distortion in Charged and van der Waals Layered GdTe3
Authors: Dutta Prabir , Chandra Sushmita , Maria Ivy , Debnath Koyendrila , Rawat Divya , Soni Ajay , Waghmare Umesh V. , Biswas Kanishka 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStructural mosaic of rare‐earth tri‐tellurides (RTe3) inlaid with non‐classical structural motifs like the 2D−polytelluride square nets has attracted immense attention owing to their enigmatic chemical bonding, unconventional structure, and harboring charge density wave (CDW) ground states. GdTe3, an archetypal RTe3, is a natural heterostructure of charged and van der Waals (vdW) layers, formed by intercalating vdW gap separated 2D square telluride nets [(Te2)−]n between the charged double corrugated slabs of n[GdTe]+. Here, we have investigated the evolution of structural distortions along with the electrical and thermal transport properties of GdTe3 across its CDW transition through X‐ray pair distribution function analysis, thermal conductivity measurements, Raman spectroscopy and first principles theoretical calculations. The results reveal that the unusual structure of GdTe3 engenders a large anisotropic lattice thermal conductivity by concomitantly hampering the phonon propagation along parallel to the spark plasma sintering (SPS) pressing direction via chemical bonding hierarchy while facilitating phonon propagation along perpendicular to the SPS pressing direction through the metallic Te sheets and phason channel. The low lattice thermal conductivity is attributed to the strong vibrational anharmonicity caused by CDW‐induced concerted local lattice distortions of both Gd–Te slab and Te square net, and the robust electron–phonon coupling.
Bypassing the Single Junction Limit with Advanced Photovoltaic Architectures
Authors: Lüer Larry , Peters Ian Marius , Corre Vincent M. Le , Forberich Karen , Guldi Dirk M. , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMultijunction devices and photon up‐ and down‐conversion are prominent concepts aimed at increasing photovoltaic efficiencies beyond the single junction limit. Integrating these concepts into advanced architectures may address long‐standing issues such as processing complexity, microstructure control, and resilience against spectral changes of the incoming radiation. However, so far, no models have been established to predict the performance of such integrated architectures. Here, a simulation environment based on Bayesian optimization is presented, that can predict and virtually optimize the electrical performance of multi‐junction architectures, both vertical and lateral, in combination with up‐ and down‐conversion materials. Microstructure effects on performance are explicitly considered using machine‐learned predictive models from high throughput experimentation on simpler architectures. Two architectures that would surpass the single junction limit of photovoltaic energy conversion at reasonable complexity are identified: a vertical “staggered half octave system,” where selective absorption allows the use of 6 different bandgaps, and the lateral “overlapping rainbow system” where selective irradiation allows the use of a narrowband energy acceptor with reduced voltage losses, according to the energy gap law. Both architectures would be highly resilient against spectral changes, in contrast with two terminal multi‐junction architectures which are limited by Kirchhoff's law.
Eliminating the Mn 3d Orbital Degeneracy to Suppress the Jahn–Teller Distortion for Stable MnO2 Cathode
Authors: Hou Zishan , Wang Jinrui , Dai Ningning , Yao Shuyun , Wang Shiyu , Ji Yingjie , Gao Xueying , Zhang Huiying , Tang Zheng , Sun Yanfei , Li Shuyuan , Liu Yuanming , Fu Weijie , Nie Kaiqi , Jiang Yining , Yan Yi‐Ming , Yang Zhiyu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cycle stability of manganese‐based oxides cathode for sodium‐ion supercapacitor is impeded by severe structural collapse due to the Jahn–Teller (J–T) distortion of [MnO6] octahedra as Mn4+ is reduced to Mn3+. Herein, MnO2 cathode is stabilized by Mg2+ ions confinement between transition metal slabs. The Mg2+ confinement induces the transformation from original cubic [MnO6] octahedra to compressed configuration (com‐MnO2), resulting in the elimination of Mn 3d orbital degeneracy, thereby alleviating the structural deformation of [Mn3+O6] octahedra by suppressing J–T distortion during the reduction of Mn4+. As a result, the prepared com‐MnO2 exhibits greatly improved cycling stability with 99.1% retention of its initial capacity after 20 000 cycles due to inhibited J–T distortion. Additionally, an enhanced capacity of 434 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, a rate capacity of 275 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 can be achieved by com‐MnO2. The in situ XRD, Raman spectra reveal the reversible structural transformation during a cycle. It is concluded that the elimination of Mn 3d orbital degeneracy plays a crucial role in suppressing J–T distortion, which is conducive to in‐depth understanding of electron structure of transition metal oxides toward cycling performance.
Socioecological factors influencing intraspecific variation in ranging dynamics of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Ndoki Forest
Authors: Judson Kathryn , Sanz Crickette , Ebombi Thierry Fabrice , Massamba Jean Marie , Teberd Prospère , Abea Gaston , Mbebouti Gaeton , Matoumona Jancy Kelly Boungou , Nkoussou Esther Godiline , Zambarda Alice , Brogan Sean , Stephens Colleen , Morgan David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRanging dynamics are physical and behavioral representations of how different socioecological factors affect an organism's spatial decisions and space use strategies. Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are a model species to investigate the drivers of spatial dynamics based on both the natural variation in socioecological factors within the species and compared with their mountain gorilla counterparts. In this study, we evaluate the influences of resource seasonality and social dynamics on variation in home range size, utilization, and intergroup overlap among multiple gorilla groups over an 8‐year study period in the northern Republic of Congo. This study shows that western lowland gorillas can have small home ranges comparable to mountain gorillas, rather than universally larger home ranges as previously supposed, and that home ranges are stable through time. The largest source of variation in space use was the degree of intergroup home range overlap. The study groups did not demonstrate intraspecific variation in range size nor changes in intergroup overlap with respect to seasonality of fruit resources, but all groups demonstrated expansion of monthly range and core area with group size, matching predictions of intragroup feeding competition. These findings highlight the potential impact of intergroup relationships on space use and prompt further research on the role of social dynamics in ranging strategies. In this study, we reveal a greater degree of variability and flexibility in gorilla ranging behavior than previously realized which is relevant to improving comparative studies and informing conservation strategies on behalf of these endangered primates.
Complete Biochemical Characterization of Pantaphos Biosynthesis Highlights an Unusual Role for a SAM‐Dependent Methyltransferase
Authors: Polidore Alexander L. A. , Caserio Angelica D. , Zhu Lingyang , Metcalf William W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPantaphos is small molecule virulence factor made by the plant pathogen Pantoea ananatis. An 11 gene operon, designated hvr for high virulence, is required for production of this phosphonic acid natural product, but the metabolic steps used in its production have yet to be established. Herein, we determine the complete biosynthetic pathway using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro biochemistry and in vivo heterologous expression. Only 6 of the 11 hvr genes are needed to produce pantaphos, while a seventh is likely to be required for export. Surprisingly, the pathway involves a series of O‐methylated intermediates, which are then hydrolyzed to produce the final product. The methylated intermediates are produced by an irreversible S‐adenosylmethione (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferase that is required to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable dehydration in the preceding step, a function not previously attributed to members of this enzyme class. Methylation of pantaphos by the same enzyme is also likely to limit its toxicity in the producing organism. The pathway also involves a novel flavin‐dependent monooxygenase that differs from homologous proteins due to its endogenous flavin‐reductase activity. Heterologous production of pantaphos by Escherichia coli strains expressing the minimal gene set strongly supports the in vitro biochemical data.
Atomically Precise Silver Clusters Stabilized by Lacunary Polyoxometalates with Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity
Authors: Feng Yeqin , Fu Fangyu , Zeng Linlin , Zhao Mengyun , Xin Xing , Liang Jiakai , Zhou Meng , Fang Xikui , Lv Hongjin , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe syntheses of atomically precise silver (Ag) clusters stabilized by multidentate lacunary polyoxometalate (POM) ligands have been emerging as a promising but challenging research direction, the combination of redox‐active POM ligands and silver clusters will render them unexpected geometric structures and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the successful construction of two structurally‐new lacunary POM‐stabilized Ag clusters, TBA6H14Ag14(DPPB)4(CH3CN)9[Ag24(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 10CH3CN ⋅ 9H2O ({Ag24(Si2W18O66)3}, TBA=tetra‐n‐butylammonium, DPPB=1,4‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) and TBA14H6Ag9Na2(H2O)9[Ag27(Si2W18O66)3] ⋅ 8CH3CN ⋅ 10H2O ({Ag27(Si2W18O66)3}), using a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach. Under otherwise identical synthetic conditions, the molecular structures of two POM‐stabilized Ag clusters could be readily tuned by the addition of different organic ligands. In both compounds, the central trefoil‐propeller‐shaped {Ag24}14+ and {Ag27}17+ clusters bearing 10 delocalized valence electrons are stabilized by three C‐shaped {Si2W18O66} units. The femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the rapid charge transfer between {Ag24}14+ core and {Si2W18O66} ligands. Both compounds have been pioneeringly investigated as catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH with a high selectivity.
Ultrathin Two‐dimensional Layered Composite Carbosilicates from in situ Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes and Exfoliated Bulk Silica
Authors: Ding Yuxiao , Liu Yumeng , Klyushin Alexander Y. , Zhang Liyun , Han Gengxu , Liu Zigeng , Li Jianying , Zhang Bingsen , Gao Kang , Li Wei , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Sun Xiaoyan , Qiao Zhen‐An , Heumann Saskia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA key task in today's inorganic synthetic chemistry is to develop effective reactions, routes, and associated techniques aiming to create new functional materials with specifically desired multilevel structures and properties. Herein, we report an ultrathin two‐dimensional layered composite of graphene ribbon and silicate via a simple and scalable one‐pot reaction, which leads to the creation of a novel carbon‐metal‐silicate hybrid family: carbosilicate. The graphene ribbon is in situ formed by unzipping carbon nanotubes, while the ultrathin silicate is in situ obtained from bulk silica or commercial glass; transition metals (Fe or Ni) oxidized by water act as bridging agent, covalently bonding the two structures. The unprecedented structure combines the superior properties of the silicate and the nanocarbon, which triggers some specific novel properties. All processes during synthesis are complementary to each other. The associated synergistic chemistry could stimulate the discovery of a large class of more interesting, functionalized structures and materials.