bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' Perceived Knowledge, Beliefs, Skills, and Needs Regarding Evidence‐Based Practice: Implications for Accelerating the Paradigm Shift
Authors: Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , Fineout‐Overholt Ellen , Fischbeck Feinstein Nancy , Li Hong , Small Leigh , Wilcox Larry , Kraus Rachel 
Published: August 2004

ABSTRACT Background: The paradigm shift to evidence‐based nursing practice in the United States has been slow. Although multiple barriers to evidence‐based practice (EBP) have been identified through prior studies, there is a gap in the literature specifically identifying key variables (e.g., belief that EBP produces quality outcomes) that are correlated with the extent to which nurses engage in EBP. Aim: The primary aims of this study were to (1) describe nurses' knowledge, beliefs, skills, and needs regarding EBP; (2) determine whether relationships exist among these variables; and (3) describe major barriers and facilitators to EBP. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 160 nurses who were attending EBP conferences or workshops in four states located within the Eastern Region of the United States. Results: Although participant beliefs about the benefit of EBP were high, knowledge of EBP was relatively low. Significant relationships were found between the extent to which the nurses' practice is evidence‐based and (1) nurses' knowledge of EBP, (2) nurses' beliefs about the benefits of EBP, (3) having an EBP mentor, and (4) using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the National Guideline Clearinghouse. Conclusion and Implications: Health care systems need to implement interventions that not only increase nurses' EBP knowledge and skills, but also strengthen their beliefs about the benefit of evidence‐based care. EBP mentors may be key in accelerating a more rapid shift toward evidence‐based nursing practice. Theoretically driven randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to test the effectiveness of interventions on advancing evidence‐based care.
Detection and Management of Falls and Instability in Vulnerable Elders by Community Physicians
Authors: Rubenstein Laurence Z. , Solomon David H. , Roth Carol P. , Young Roy T. , Shekelle Paul G. , Chang John T. , MacLean Catherine H. , Kamberg Caren J. , Saliba Debra , Wenger Neil S. 
Published: August 2004

Objectives: To investigate quality of care for falls and instability provided to vulnerable elders.Design: Six process of care quality indicators (QIs) for falls and instability were developed and applied to community‐living persons aged 65 and older who were at increased risk of death or decline. QIs were implemented using medical records and patient interviews.Setting: Northeastern and southwestern United States.Participants: Three hundred seventy‐two vulnerable elders enrolled in two senior managed care plans.Measurements: Percentage of QIs satisfied concerning falls or mobility disorders.Results: Of the 372 consenting vulnerable elders with complete medical records, 57 had documentation of 69 episodes of two or more falls or fall with injury during the 13‐month study period (14% of patients fell per year, 18% incidence). Double this frequency was reported at interview. An additional 22 patients had documented mobility problems. Clinical history of fall circumstances, comorbidity, medications, and mobility was documented from 47% of fallers and two or more of these four elements from 85%. Documented physical examination was less complete, with only 6% of fallers examined for orthostatic blood pressure, 7% for gait or balance, 25% for vision, and 28% for neurological findings. The evaluation led to specific recommendations in only 26% of cases, but when present they usually led to appropriate treatment modalities. Mobility problems without falls were evaluated with gait or balance examination in 23% of cases and neurological examination in 55%.Conclusion: Community physicians appear to underdetect falls and gait disorders. Detected falls often receive inadequate evaluation, leading to a paucity of recommendations and treatments. Adhering to guidelines may improve outcomes in community‐dwelling older adults.
Older Women and HIV: How Much Do They Know and Where Are They Getting Their Information?
Authors: Henderson Susan J. , Bernstein Lisa B. , George Diane Marie St. , Doyle Joyce P. , Paranjape Anuradha S. , Corbie‐Smith Giselle 
Published: August 2004

Objectives: To assess older urban women's knowledge about sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to evaluate the relationship between their HIV/AIDS knowledge level and sources of information.Design: Cross‐sectional survey conducted between June 2001 and July 2002. Trained research assistants administered a questionnaire in a face‐to‐face interview.Setting: General medicine clinic in a large public hospital in a high HIV/AIDS incidence area.Participants: Five hundred fourteen women aged 50 and older.Measurements: Nine questions assessing knowledge of risk of HIV sexual transmission with potential scores ranging from 0 to 9 correct answers. Participants identified all sources of HIV information.Results: The mean knowledge score was 3.7 out of a possible 9 correct responses (range 0 (3%) to 8 (1%)). Younger age, employment, and higher educational level were associated with higher knowledge scores, whereas marital status was unrelated. No respondent correctly answered all of the nine questions. The most commonly identified sources of HIV/AIDS information were television (85%), friends (54%), and newspapers (51%). Only 38% of respondents identified health professionals as a source of information about HIV/AIDS. Health professionals, newspapers, and family members were each independently associated with higher knowledge scores (P<.05).Conclusion: Older women in a general medicine clinic had limited knowledge of sexual transmission of HIV. HIV/AIDS education specifically targeted to this subpopulation is warranted, and health professionals may have an important role in disseminating such messages.
Reviews
Authors: Shepard Benjamin , Horne Gerald , Early Steve , Waterman Peter 
Published: August 2004

Out at Work: Building a Gay–Labor Alliance. Edited by Kitty Krupat and Patric McCreery. Working Class New York: Life and Labor Since World War II. By Joshua B. Freeman. The New Rank‐and‐File. Edited by Staughton Lynd and Alice Lynd. Globalization from Below: The Power of Solidarity. By Jeremy Brecher, Tim Costello, and Brendan Smith.
Comparison of unintentional fatal occupational injuries in the Republic of Korea and the United States
Authors: Ahn Y-S , Bena J F , Bailer A J 
Published: August 2004

Objectives:To compare the profile of unintentional fatal occupational injuries in the Republic of Korea and the United States to help establish prevention strategies for Korea and to understand country specific differences in fatality risks in different industries.Methods:Occupational fatal injury data from 1998–2001 were collected from Korea’s Occupational Safety and Health Agency’s Survey of Causes of Occupational Injuries (identified by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation) and from the United States Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Employment estimates were obtained in both countries. Industry coding and external cause of death coding were standardized. Descriptive analyses of injury rates and Poisson regression models to examine time trends were conducted.Results:Korea exhibited a significantly higher fatal injury rate, at least two times higher than the United States, after accounting for different employment patterns. The ordering of industries with respect to risk is the same in the two countries, with mining, agriculture/forestry/fishing, and construction being the most dangerous. Fatal injury rates are decreasing in these two countries, although at a faster rate in Korea.Conclusions:Understanding industrial practices within different countries is critical for fully understanding country specific occupational injury statistics. However, differences in surveillance systems and employment estimation methods serve as caveats to any transnational comparison, and need to be harmonized to the fullest extent possible.
Assessing safety awareness and knowledge and behavioral change among West Virginia loggers
Authors: Helmkamp J C , Bell J L , Lundstrom W J , Ramprasad J , Haque A 
Published: August 2004

Objective:To determine if a video used during logger training influences safety attitude, knowledge, and workplace habits.Method:From April 2002 to October 2003, loggers receiving training through the West Virginia Division of Forestry were given a new safety module. This consisted of a pre-training survey, viewing video, brief introduction to field safety guide, and an immediate post-training survey. Six months after training, loggers were contacted by telephone to assess workplace behavioral changes.Results:1197 loggers attended 80 training sessions and completed surveys; 21% were contacted at follow up. Pre-training surveys indicated that half said “accidents” were part of the job and had experienced a “close call” in their work. An overwhelming majority felt that safety management and periodic meetings were important. Over 75% indicated they would not take risks in order to make a profit. Several statistically significant improvements were noted in safety knowledge after viewing the video: logger’s location in relation to the tree stump during fatal incidents and the pictorial identification of an overloaded truck and the safest cutting notch. At follow up, many of the loggers said they related to the real life victim stories portrayed in the video. Further, the field guide served as a quick and easy reference and taught them valuable tips on safe cutting and felling.Conclusions:Significant changes in safety knowledge and attitude among certified loggers resulted from viewing the video during training. Subsequent use of the video and field guide at the worksite encouraged positive change in self reported work habits and practices.
Construction safety research in the United States: targeting the Hispanic workforce
Authors: Brunette M J 
Published: August 2004

While it is known that Hispanics have a continuous growing participation in the construction workforce and that their fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries are higher than any other ethnic group, very little construction safety and health research has been conducted in the United States. Research that focuses on safety and health of Hispanic workers employed in the construction industry might prove beneficial in reducing injuries and promoting safe and decent workplaces for all.The purpose of this article was twofold. First, to propose a research agenda where topics such as surveillance, intervention research on high risk occupations, intervention effectiveness evaluation, design and development of effective and appropriate safety training and educational materials, and the socioeconomic impact of injuries and illnesses, are investigated among the Hispanic construction workforce. Second, to present relevant aspects inherent to this particular population that need to be incorporated into the design and development stages of any safety and health research initiative. They include the occupational, social, economic, and cultural background of Hispanic workers; use of a participatory approach, proper selection and use of translation methods; and conducting collaborative research. Certain limitations and challenges related to the availability of resources for conducting safety and health research on Hispanic workers are further discussed.
JACOBI ELLIPTIC SOLUTIONS OF λϕ4 THEORY IN A FINITE DOMAIN
Authors: CARRILLO J. A. ESPICHÁN , MAIA A. , MOSTEPANENKO V. M. 
Published: August 2004

The general static solutions of the scalar field equation for the potential [Formula: see text] are determined for a finite domain in (1+1)-dimensional space–time. A family of real solutions is described in terms of Jacobi Elliptic Functions. We show that the vacuum–vacuum boundary conditions can be reached by elliptic cn-type solutions in a finite domain, such as that of the Kink, for which they are imposed at infinity. We prove uniqueness for elliptic sn-type solutions satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions in a finite interval (box) as well the existence of a minimal mass corresponding to these solutions in a box. We defined expressions for the "topological charge," "total energy" (or classical mass) and "energy–density" for elliptic sn-type solutions in a finite domain. For large length of the box the conserved charge, classical mass and energy density of the Kink are recovered. Also, we have shown that using periodic boundary conditions the results are the same as in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the case of antiperiodic boundary conditions all elliptic sn-type solutions are allowed.
EVOLUTION AND MEMORY EFFECTS IN THE HOMOGENIZATION LIMIT FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: AMAR MICOL , ANDREUCCI DANIELE , GIANNI ROBERTO , BISEGNA PAOLO 
Published: August 2004

We study a problem set in a finely mixed periodic medium, modelling electrical conduction in biological tissues. The unknown electric potential solves standard elliptic equations set in different conductive regions (the intracellular and extracellular spaces), separated by a dielectric surface (the cell membranes), which exhibits both a capacitive and a nonlinear conductive behaviour. Accordingly, dynamical conditions prevail on the membranes, so that the dependence of the solution on the time variable t is not only of parametric character. As the spatial period of the medium goes to zero, the electric potential approaches in a suitable sense a homogenization limit u0, which keeps the prescribed boundary data, and solves the equation [Formula: see text]. This is an elliptic equation containing a term depending on the history of the gradient of u0; the matrices B0, A1 in it depend on the microstructure of the medium. More exactly, we have that, in the limit, the current is still divergence-free, but it depends on the history of the potential gradient, so that memory effects explicitly appear. The limiting equation also contains a term ℱ keeping trace of the initial data.
In the Spirit of Truth: Worship and Prayer in the Gospel of John and the Early Fathers
Authors: Lee Dorothy 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe Gospel of John had a powerful impact on the early Church not only in its theological understanding of God but in its conviction of the centrality of worship. In the Fourth Gospel, worship is made possible through the Spirit who gives birth to believers, making them children of God and participants in Jesus' own filiation. The Johannine Jesus, through the Spirit, becomes both the locus and object of worship, the source of worship as well as the true worshipper. This understanding is the ultimate source of the Nicene Creed's assertion that all three Persons of the Trinity are to be 'worshipped and glorified'.
Die Wahrheitsbezeichnungen des Clemens von Alexandrien in Ihrem Philosophischen und theologischen Kontext
Authors: Klibengajtis Tomasz 
Published: August 2004

AbstractDas Ziel des vorliegenden Aufsatzes ist es die philosophischen Wahrheitsdefinitionen und die theologischen Wahrheitsbestimmungen des Clemens von Alexandrien, samt ihrem Kontext, darzustellen. Die erste philosophische Wahrheitsdefinition zeigt den Einfluß der heraklitischen Lehre von der ,,gemeinsamen Welt der Wachenden" und ist wahrscheinlich durch die Vermittlung der Wahrheitslehre des Ainesidemos zu Clemens gelangt. Die zweite Definition wird im Zusammenhang einer Klassifikation der Wissenschaften präsentiert, wobei die Wahrheit im Kontext der Termini επιστημη, εξις und γνωσις besprochen wird. Die theologischen Wahrheitsbestimmungen zeigen, daß für Clemens Gott derjenige ist, welcher ,,die Wahrheit gebärt" und diese in seinem Logos-Christus, welcher αληεια, επιστημη und γνωσις genannt wird, offenbart. Das menschliche Ziel ist es durch asketische Bemühungen zu einem Umgang mit der Wahrheit zu gelangen, welcher die göttliche Dimension eröffnet.
Class Distinction as a Way of Doing Church: The Early Fathers and the Christian Plebs
Authors: Rankin David 
Published: August 2004

AbstractRoman notions of social and legal distinction helped to shape the approach of certain pre-Nicene Fathers to the ordering of the church. The social distinction between ordo and plebs and the legal one between honestior and humilior helped these Fathers to differentiate the particular rights and responsibilities of clergy and laity, while the concept of patronage and that of the paterfamilias helped them to define the particular role and authority of the bishop. We see this first articulated in Clement and Hermas of Rome, developed further in Tertullian of Carthage, and then find particular expression in Cyprian of Carthage.
Clement of Alexandria and the Philonic Doctrine of the Divine Power(s)
Authors: Runia David 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe present paper offers a comprehensive examination of how Clement appropriates the Philonic doctrine of the divine powers. It first examines the biblical basis of the doctrine, in which Pauline influence is superimposed on Genesis. It then successively treats the subject in the areas of theology, cosmology and the doctrine of creation, including the creation of humanity. For Clement experience of the divine power (usually in the singular) leads to knowledge of God (to the extent possible) and intimacy with him through the Son. Clement's Philonic heritage has enabled him to develop a positive and above all a dynamic theology.
Degradation Pathways of Acetochlor by γ-Radiolysis
Authors: Liu Shao-Yang , Chen You-Peng , Yu Han-Qing 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
The degradation of acetochlor by γ-irradiation was investigated. Acetochlor was decomposed with an efficiency of 40% with a dose rate of 92 Gy min−1 in 2 h. Its radiolytic products under oxidative and reductive conditions were analyzed by GCMS and FTIR. Six products under oxidative conditions and four products under reductive conditions were identified by their mass spectra. With the products identified, the oxidative and reductive degradation pathways of acetochlor by γ-irradiation were proposed.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electron-Donating Ability of 2,2′:6′,2″-Dioxatriphenylamine and Its Sulfur Analogue
Authors: Kuratsu Masato , Kozaki Masatoshi , Okada Keiji 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
2,2′:6′,2″-Dioxa- and dithia-triphenylamines 4a and 4b were prepared. Both compounds had a C2-like structure. The sulfur compound 4b had a more twisted structure than 4a; the dihedral angle between two edge phenyl rings was 43° for 4a, and 62° for 4b. The oxygen compound 4a had a reversible oxidation wave at +0.81 V vs SCE, whereas 4b had an irreversible peak at +1.14 V.
Fluorescent Property of Bulk- and Nanocrystals of Cyanide-bridged Eu(III)Co(III) Heteronuclear Coordination Polymer
Authors: Kondo Nobuyuki , Yokoyama Arisa , Kurihara Masato , Sakamoto Masatomi , Yamada Mami , Miyake Mikio , Ohsuna Tetsu , Aono Hiromichi , Sadaoka Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Fluorescent properties of Eu(III) in the bulk- and nanocrystals of coordination polymer, Eu[Co(CN)6]·4H2O, were compared with those of EuCl3·6H2O. Fluorescent intensity of bulk crystals was greatly enhanced on forming the coordination polymer, whereas that of nanocrystals was little affected. These results were discussed considering the coordination surroundings around Eu(III) located on the crystal surface.
Cellulose Derivative-based Beads as Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Muraki Reiko , Yamamoto Chiyo , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
Crosslinked beads, which can be used as a chiral packing material (CPM) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were prepared using a cellulose phenylcarbamate derivative. The spherical beads were first prepared with partially derivatized cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate, which was then crosslinked with a diisocyanate. The obtained beads had a higher loading capacity than the corresponding conventional CPM prepared by coating the derivative on silica gel, and were not damaged when used with an eluent containing chloroform which cannot be used with the coated CPM.
Plasma or serum samples: measurements of cardiac troponin T and of other analytes compared
Authors: Dominici Roberto , Infusino Ilenia , Valente Cristina , Moraschinelli Irene , Franzini Carlo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractConflicting data in the literature concern possible differences in the immunochemical measurement of cardiac troponins, either in plasma or in serum. In order to address this specific point, 96 serum and heparin-plasma pairs were obtained for cardiac marker measurement [cardiac troponin T (cTnT); myoglobin (Myo) and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB)]; 29 additional “common” analytes were measured in 77 such samples. The cardiac markers were measured by electrochemiluminescence (Elecsys 2010, Roche); the other analytes by established automated methods (Modular, Roche). Mean plasma/serum ratios for cTnT (0.95), creatine kinase-MB (1.01) and myoglobin (0.99) were comparable with those of the 29 common analytes (interval of means 0.83–1.05). The distribution of the plasma-serum differences also showed similarities between cardiac markers and other analytes. A few outlier plasma-serum differences (3–5%) were measured for both categories of analytes. Addition of heparin to serum (51 samples) caused decreased cTnT (mean ratio 0.92). In 3 of 51 such samples the cTnT decrease was more marked, but in a second sample from the same subjects (1 week later) such a prominent, heparin-induced loss of cTnT no longer appeared. In conclusion, plasma-serum differences in immuno-reactive cTnT compare with those observed for other analytes. In occasional heparin-plasma samples immunochemical measurement of cTnT may give exceptionally low values. However, in our sample group of 96 patients (cTnT lower or higher than the cut-off in, respectively, 24 and 72 patients), no misclassification occurred if plasma instead of serum cTnT values were considered.
Extracellular diffusion pathway for heartwood substances in Albizia julibrissin Durazz.
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Fujita Minoru , Takabe Keiji 
Published: August 2004

Abstract
A three-dimensional network of intercellular spaces, deemed an extracellular diffusion pathway for heartwood substances, was detected in Albizia julibrissin. Electron microscopy revealed a large number of blind pits in ray parenchyma cells, most facing intercellular spaces. Heartwood substances, which are synthesized in the ray parenchyma cells, are released not only into neighboring cells through pit pairs, but also into the intercellular spaces through the blind pits. There were two types of wood fiber in the heartwood region: one with a lumen surface lined with heartwood substances and one that lacked such lining on its lumen surface. This finding supports the observation that the cellular distribution of heartwood substances is not homogenous throughout the heartwood. There was no positive correlation, however, between this uneven distribution and the distance of a wood fiber from the ray.