bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Fourier Bioheat Transfer Analysis in Brain Tissue During Interstitial Laser Ablation: Analysis of Multiple Influential Factors
Authors: Singh Sundeep , Bianchi Leonardo , Korganbayev Sanzhar , Namakshenas Pouya , Melnik Roderick , Saccomandi Paola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work presents the dual-phase lag-based non-Fourier bioheat transfer model of brain tissue subjected to interstitial laser ablation. The finite element method has been utilized to predict the brain tissue's temperature distributions and ablation volumes. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to quantify the effect of variations in the input laser power, treatment time, laser fiber diameter, laser wavelength, and non-Fourier phase lags. Notably, in this work, the temperature-dependent thermal properties of brain tissue have been considered. The developed model has been validated by comparing the temperature obtained from the numerical and ex vivo brain tissue during interstitial laser ablation. The ex vivo brain model has been further extended to in vivo settings by incorporating the blood perfusion effects. The results of the systematic analysis highlight the importance of considering temperature-dependent thermal properties of the brain tissue, non-Fourier behavior, and microvascular perfusion effects in the computational models for accurate predictions of the treatment outcomes during interstitial laser ablation, thereby minimizing the damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The developed model and parametric analysis reported in this study would assist in a more accurate and precise prediction of the temperature distribution, thus allowing to optimize the thermal dosage during laser therapy in the brain.
Teacher leadership and virtual communities: Unpacking teacher agency and distributed leadership
Authors: Shal Tarek , Ghamrawi Norma , Abu-Tineh Abdullah , Al-Shaboul Yousef M. , Sellami Abdellatif 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study explored the development of teacher leadership in collaborative online spaces, also called virtual communities of practice (vCoP). Employing a phenomenological research design with semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection method, participants were drawn from a single vCoP. The findings underscored the pivotal role of vCoPs in nurturing teacher leadership skills, facilitated by the dynamic interplay of teacher agency and distributed leadership. Teacher agency empowers educators to proactively take control of their learning journey within vCoPs, enabling them to explore areas of personal interest and expertise, including knowledge sharing and project initiation. Simultaneously, distributed leadership empowers teachers to assume leadership roles within the vCoP, irrespective of their formal positions or seniority, involving activities such as guiding discussions and organizing professional development. This harmonious collaboration between teacher agency and distributed leadership fosters a collaborative and inclusive environment within vCoPs, where teacher leadership thrive.
Detection of Coxiella burnetii in the mammary gland of a dairy goat
Authors: Bauer Benjamin Ulrich , Peters Martin , Herms T. Louise , Runge Martin , Wohlsein Peter , Jensen Tim K. , Ganter Martin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe zoonotic bacterium Coxiella (C.) burnetii can be excreted by infected goats through birth products and milk. The detection of C. burnetii DNA in the mammary gland tissue of infected dairy goats and intermittent milk shedders has been reported, but confirmation of C. burnetii bacteria in the udder remained pending. The pathogen caused abortions in a 152-head dairy goat herd, resulting in the vaccination against C. burnetii of the entire herd with annual boosters. To monitor the C. burnetii shedding at herd level, monthly bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were analyzed using PCR (IS1111). Despite vaccination, C. burnetii DNA was detected in BTM samples within the first 16 months of the study. Therefore, individual milk samples were tested on four different occasions several months apart to identify potential intermittent milk shedders. Only one goat (#67455) tested positive three times. This goat was necropsied to investigate the presence of C. burnetii in the udder and other organs. PCR detected C. burnetii DNA solely in both mammary glands and the left teat cistern. Immunohistological examination identified C. burnetii antigen in mammary gland tissue, confirmed by the detection of C. burnetii bacteria in the mammary epithelial cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The removal of goat #67455 led to negative BTM samples until the end of the study. The findings demonstrate the occurrence of C. burnetii in the mammary gland of a naturally infected and vaccinated goat. The presence possibly contributed to intermittent milk shedding of goat #67455, and the mammary gland tissue may serve as a replicative niche for C. burnetii.
Development of O/W Pickering Emulsions Stabilized with Leek Leaf Trimmings Using Batch and Continuous Modes
Authors: Marques M. P. , Sanchez-Salvador J. L. , Monte M. C. , Blanco A. , Santos R. J. , Dias M. M. , Manrique Y. A. , Brito M. S. C. A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVegetable trimmings can be used to stabilize edible O/W Pickering emulsions. The lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) from the leek trimmings was mechanically treated to produce high-yield lignocellulose micro and nanofibrils (LCF) using a high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). Different O/W phase ratios (20/80, 30/70, and 40/60 wt.%) were studied. The use of the micro/nano cellulosic fibers increased the stabilization of the Pickering emulsions by 30–40%. In all cases, stable emulsions were obtained, with emulsification indexes > 92%. The respective stabilization mechanism was thoroughly analysed from confocal laser scanning, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy, which showed the fibers are not coating the droplets but forming a network that traps the droplets and prevents coalescence. The most stable batch formulations, O/W 30/70 wt.% (LCB 4.2 wt.%) and O/W 40/60 wt.% (LCB 3.6 wt.%), were also studied in continuous mode using NETmix technology. Results show the scale-up feasibility of the production of Pickering emulsions containing LCF. Most significantly, this work proposes a continuous process to produce Pickering emulsions stabilized with a natural biopolymer extracted from leek trimmings, which is suitable to industrial manufacturing processes. This valorizes the vegetable trimmings that are usually tossed away as waste, creating new market niches and business models based on circular economy concepts.
Graphical Abstract
Insights into Young Adults’ Views on Long-term and Short-term Romantic Relationships in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mengzhen Lim , Berezina Elizaveta , Benjamin Jaime 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSocial progressions such as the feminist movement and technological advances may have influenced the way young adults perceive romantic relationships. Although long-term relationships are traditionally viewed favorably in society, short-term relationships are becoming more popular in recent years. It’s important to understand the common perceptions of romance among young adults because it affects their partner choices and expectations. While experts can define the concepts of long-term and short-term relationships, we believe the most reliable method is to ask young adults directly. Therefore, we collected data from 229 self-reported British nationals aged between 18 and 33 (M = 19.66; SD = 2.72) to understand their perceptions of long-term and short-term romantic relationships. We asked them to write down the words or phrases that come to mind when they think of these concepts. Using the structural approach of the theory of social representation, we analyzed the values and norms of young British adults regarding these concepts. Based on our study, we observed four important things. Firstly, short-term relationships (STRs) are associated with “fun”, “excitement”, and “passion”, while long-term relationships (LTRs) are associated with “love”, “commitment”, “trust”, and “loyalty”. Secondly, while sex is important in romantic relationships, it’s only a peripheral component of STRs and not a significant factor in LTRs. Thirdly, both those in relationships and single individuals agree that “fling” and “passion” are primary aspects of STRs, but those in relationships tend to use the term “fun,“ while single individuals use “exciting” to describe STRs. Lastly, “love”, “trust”, and “commitment” are essential elements in LTRs for both single individuals and those in relationship. However, individuals in relationships also value loyalty as a critical aspect of romantic relationships.
Recovery of acetoin from Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth by supercritical CO2 extraction
Authors: Taiwo Abiola Ezekiel , Madzimbamuto Tafirenyika Nyamayaro , Ojumu Tunde Victor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Component enrichment from fermentation broths by solvent extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) has been demonstrated in the literature. This work investigates for the first time the feasibility of the enrichment of an acetoin fraction from a real fermentation broth at a pilot plant scale using sCO2. A 4-m-tall, 28-mm-diameter, counter-current column packed with pall rings was used. The ranges of process pressure and temperature investigated were 100 to 300 bar, and 37 to 80 °C respectively. The optimum recovery of acetoin was 77.8%, with little difference between the simulated and actual broths. A modest two-fold concentration of acetoin was obtained in the extract. The results show that where a modest enrichment of the targeted product makes a significant difference in subsequent separation processes, and where the purity of the product, particularly from harmful solvents, is important, sCO2 fluid separation is a credible option for the enrichment of such products of fermentation.
A Delphi panel to build consensus on assessing disease severity and disease progression in adult patients with hypophosphatasia in the United States
Authors: Dahir K. M. , Rush E. T. , Diaz-Mendoza S. , Kishnani P. S. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inborn error of metabolism with a variable presentation. We conducted a modified Delphi panel to obtain expert consensus on knowledge gaps regarding disease severity and progression in adult patients with HPP.

Methods
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) with experience managing adult patients with HPP were recruited to participate in a 3-round Delphi panel (round 1: paper survey and 1:1 interview; rounds 2–3: email survey). Panelists rated the extent of their agreement with statements about disease severity and progression in adult patients with HPP. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% agreement.

Results
Ten HCPs completed round 1; nine completed rounds 2 and 3. Consensus was reached on 46/120 statements derived from steering committee input. Disease severity markers in adult patients with HPP can be bone-related (recurrent/poorly healing fractures, pseudo-fractures, metatarsal fractures, osteomalacia) or involve dentition or physiologic/functional manifestations (use of mobility devices/home modifications, abnormal gait, pain). Disease progression markers can include recurrent/poorly healing low-trauma fractures, development of ectopic calcifications, and/or impairment of functional activity. Panelists supported the development of a tool to help assess disease severity in the clinic and track changes in severity over time. Panelists also highlighted the role of a multidisciplinary team, centers with expertise, and the need to refer patients when disease severity is not clear.

Conclusions
These statements regarding disease severity, progression, and assessment methods address some knowledge gaps in adult patients with HPP and may be helpful for treating HCPs, although the small sample size affects the ability to generalize the healthcare provider experience.
Pregnancy-associated changes in urinary uromodulin excretion in chronic hypertension
Authors: Mary Sheon , Conti-Ramsden Fran , Boder Philipp , Parveen Humaira , Setjiadi Dellaneira , Fleminger Jessica , Brockbank Anna , Graham Delyth , Bramham Kate , Chappell Lucy Charlotte , Delles Christian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy involves major adaptations in renal haemodynamics, tubular, and endocrine functions. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Uromodulin is a nephron-derived protein that is associated with hypertension and kidney diseases. Here we study the role of urinary uromodulin excretion in hypertensive pregnancy.

Methods
Urinary uromodulin was measured by ELISA in 146 pregnant women with treated chronic hypertension (n = 118) and controls (n = 28). We studied non-pregnant and pregnant Wistar Kyoto and Stroke Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (n = 8/strain), among which a group of pregnant Stroke–Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats was treated with either nifedipine (n = 7) or propranolol (n = 8).

Results
In pregnant women, diagnosis of chronic hypertension, increased maternal body mass index, Black maternal ethnicity and elevated systolic blood pressure at the first antenatal visit were significantly associated with a lower urinary uromodulin-to-creatinine ratio. In rodents, pre-pregnancy urinary uromodulin excretion was twofold lower in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto rats. During pregnancy, the urinary uromodulin excretion rate gradually decreased in Wistar Kyoto rats (a twofold decrease), whereas a 1.5-fold increase was observed in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats compared to pre-pregnancy levels. Changes in uromodulin were attributed by kidney injury in pregnant rats. Neither antihypertensive changed urinary uromodulin excretion rate in pregnant Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive rats.

Conclusions
In summary, we demonstrate pregnancy-associated differences in urinary uromodulin: creatinine ratio and uromodulin excretion rate between chronic hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies. Further research is needed to fully understand uromodulin physiology in human pregnancy and establish uromodulin’s potential as a biomarker for renal adaptation and renal function in pregnancy.

Graphical abstract
Absolute treatment effects of novel antidiabetic drugs on a composite renal outcome: meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data
Authors: Brockmeyer Maximilian , Parco Claudio , Vargas Kris Gregory , Westenfeld Ralf , Jung Christian , Kelm Malte , Roden Michael , Akbulut Cihan , Schlesinger Sabrina , Wolff Georg , Kuss Oliver 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Absolute treatment benefits—expressed as numbers needed to treat—of the glucose lowering and cardiovascular drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on renal outcomes remain uncertain. With the present meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data, we aimed to display and compare numbers needed to treat of both drugs on a composite renal outcome.

Methods
From Kaplan–Meier plots of major cardiovascular outcome trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors vs. placebo, we digitalized individual patient time-to-event information on composite renal outcomes with WebPlotDigitizer 4.2; numbers needed to treat from individual cardiovascular outcome trials were estimated using parametric Weibull regression models and compared to original data. Random-effects meta-analysis generated meta-numbers needed to treat with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Twelve cardiovascular outcome trials (three for GLP-1 receptor agonists, nine for SGLT2 inhibitors) comprising 90,865 participants were included. Eight trials were conducted in primary type 2 diabetes populations, two in a primary heart failure and two in a primary chronic kidney disease population. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline ranged between 37.3 and 85.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. Meta-analyses estimated meta-numbers needed to treat of 85 (95% CI 60; 145) for GLP-1 receptor agonists and 104 (95% CI 81; 147) for SGLT2 inhibitors for the composite renal outcome at the overall median follow-up time of 36 months.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis of digitalized individual patient data revealed moderate and similar absolute treatment benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors compared to placebo for a composite renal outcome.

Graphical Abstract
Data Literacy als Gegenstand der Erwachsenenbildung – eine Programmanalyse
Authors: Brinkmöller Anna-Lena , Scheidig Falk 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Kontext des digitalen Wandels und der damit einhergehenden Datafizierung vieler Lebensbereiche gewinnt der kompetente und kritisch-reflektierte Umgang mit Daten und deren Nutzung an Relevanz (Data Literacy). Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im Beitrag die Thematisierung von Daten und datenbezogenen Anwendungen in Angeboten der Erwachsenenbildung untersucht. Es wurden 137 Programme von Volkshochschulen aus den Jahren 2010 bis 2021 quantitativ und qualitativ hinsichtlich der Verbreitung und der inhaltlichen Ausrichtung datenbezogener Angebote analysiert. Angebote, die potenziell Data Literacy fördern, sind in fast allen Programmen enthalten und verzeichnen eine Zunahme im betrachteten Zeitraum. Die Inhaltsanalyse zeigt, dass viele Angebote Datenschutz und -sicherheit und nur wenige Angebote die aktive Verarbeitung von Daten fokussieren.
Demographic predictors of bedtime procrastination in the Japanese population
Authors: Miyagawa Shion , Sato Tomoya , Maeda Shunta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBedtime procrastination (BP) is prevalent and problematic, with no previous study conducted in Japan. This study developed the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), assessed its validity, and investigated the relationship between BP, demographic features, and sleep outcomes. Participants were divided into two samples (N = 252 and N = 630). Sample 1 involved a longitudinal study to confirm test–retest reliability of the BPS. Sample 2 involved a cross-sectional study to assess confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and determine the internal consistency of the BPS. The relationship between BP and demographic features (gender, age, and employment status) and sleep outcomes (Athens Insomnia Scale, sleep hours, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency) was investigated using Sample 2. The BPS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficients = .90–91), test–retest reliability (ICC = .86), and one factor model was valid; CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .10, and SRMR = .04. The BPS had a moderate positive association with general procrastination, moderate negative associations with self-control, sleep quality, and sleep duration on weekdays, and those who answered “yes” to the item “Do you have trouble with bedtime procrastination?” had higher BPS scores. BPS scores were moderately higher for younger participants (≤ 40 years), slightly higher for females, and non-significantly different between employment statuses. The BPS showed a significant positive correlation with insomnia symptoms, weak positive association with sleep efficiency on weekdays and holidays, and no significant association with sleep onset latencies on holidays and weekdays. This study provides new data on demographic predictors of BP in Japan. No clear effects of gender and employment status were found, but age was a strong predictor of BP, where younger age groups had a higher BP risk.
GAN-Enhanced Nonlinear Fusion Model for Stock Price Prediction
Authors: Xu Yingcheng , Zhang Yunfeng , Liu Peide , Zhang Qiuyue , Zuo Yuqi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStock price prediction is a significant field of finance research for both academics and practitioners. Numerous studies have proved that the stock movement can be fully reflect various internal features of stock price including non-stationary behavior, high persistence in the conditional variance. The fusion of time-series prediction model such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and neural network is an availability but difficult approach for stock price prediction. Although the orientation has been studied through some methods in different research, there are still difficulties with the poor capture ability of time-series features and insufficient effectiveness of integrating temporal feature and frequency domain information. In this paper, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework with the Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) as the discriminator and a hybrid model as the generator for forecasting the stock price. The hybrid model includes Attention-based Convolution Neural Networks (ACNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and ARIMA model. Moreover, this proposed framework uses the Generative Adversarial patten and Attention Mechanism to achieve effective analysis and feature extraction for stock price movement. The extensive experiments in different history periods of dataset demonstrate an improvement in forecasting of stock price using our model as compared to the baseline models.
Physician Management and CT Ordering in the Emergency Department for Primary Headaches
Authors: Krebs Lynette D. , Villa-Roel Cristina , Yang Esther H. , Couperthwaite Stephanie , Ospina Maria B. , Holroyd Brian R. , Rowe Brian H. ,   For the PRIHS-2 Choosing Wisely Team
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjective:Management of primary headache (PHA) varies across emergency departments (ED), yet there is widespread agreement that computed tomography (CT) scans are overused. This study assessed emergency physicians’ (EPs) PHA management and their attitudes towards head CT ordering.Methods:A cross-sectional study was undertaken with EPs from one Canadian center. Drivers of physicians’ perceptions regarding the appropriateness of CT ordering for patients with PHA were explored.Results:A total of 73 EPs (70% males; 48% with <10 years of practice) participated in the study. Most EPs (88%) did not order investigations for moderate-severe primary headaches; however, CT was the common investigation (47%) for headaches that did not improve. Computed tomography ordering was frequently motivated by the need for specialist consultation (64%) or admission (64%). A small proportion (27%) believed patients usually/frequently expected a scan. Nearly half of EPs (48%) identified patient imaging expectations/requests as a barrier to reducing CT ordering. Emergency physicians with CCFP (EM) certification were less likely to perceive CT ordering for patients with PHA as appropriate. Conversely, those who identified the possibility of missing a condition as a major barrier to limiting their CT use were more likely to perceive CT ordering for patients with PHA as appropriate.Conclusions:Emergency physicians reported consistency and evidence-based medical management. They highlighted the complexities of limiting CT ordering and both their level of training and their perceived barriers for limiting CT ordering seem to be influencing their attitudes. Further studies could elucidate these and other factors influencing their practice.