bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Droop and light extraction of InGaN-based red micro-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Park Jeong-Hwan , Pristovsek Markus , Wentao Cai , Kumabe Takeru , Choi Soo-Young , Lee Dong-Seon , Seong Tae-Yeon , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this letter, we investigate the impact of periphery, width, length and area on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of stripe-type InGaN-based red micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs). A longer periphery resulted in a higher light extraction efficiency (

η

e

) via the sidewall regardless of the area of the µLEDs. However, as the injection current increased a somewhat larger efficiency droop was observed at the longer periphery due to current crowding. Additionally, larger µLEDs experienced more self-heating than smaller ones, resulting in a red shift of wavelengths and a larger efficiency droop. When the current density exceeded 100 A cm−2, the EQE ratio of smaller-area μLEDs to larger-area ones increased significantly due to the difference in efficiency droop. Besides, a short light propagation length and a long emission width yielded a higher

η

e

. Hence, the periphery, width, length and area of the µLEDs determine EQE, which provides insight into the pixel design of µLED displays.
Efficiency improvement of Cu(In(1−x)Ga
x
)Se2 solar cell using copper barium tin sulfide as back surface field layer and bandgap grading technique
Authors: Patel Alok Kumar , Mishra Rajan , Soni Sanjay Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work proposes the simulation of graded

C
u

I

n

1
−

x

G

a

x

S

e

2

–based solar cell with copper barium tin sulfide (CBTS) compounds as a back surface field (BSF) layer using the SCAPS-1D software. The CBTS BSF layer reduces the charge carrier losses on the back contact side and creates an extra BSF that helps in extracting holes toward the back contact. To utilize the maximum spectrum absorption range, three different grading configurations were analyzed by varying the stoichiometry of

C
u

I

n

1
−

x

G

a

x

S

e

2

. This grading technique significantly improves the device performance such as open circuit voltage (V
oc), short circuit current density (J
sc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency by changing the Ga content in the CIGS material. Furthermore, the impact of interface defect recombination velocity at the WSSe/graded-CIGS interface, acceptor density, and bulk defect in the CIGS layer on the device’s performance have been analyzed. The insertion of CBTS as a BSF layer and the bandgap grading technique yield a maximum efficiency of 31.08% for the proposed solar cell. These results will be helpful in the fabrication of highly efficient bandgap graded-CIGS solar cells.
The investigation of edge-localized modes on the Globus-M2 tokamak using Doppler backscattering
Authors: Ponomarenko A. , Gusev V. , Kiselev E. , Kurskiev G. , Minaev V. , Petrov A. , Petrov Y. , Sakharov N. , Solokha V. , Teplova N. , Shchegolev P. , Yashin A. , Zhiltsov N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first results of investigation of edge localized modes (ELMs) in the Globus-M2 tokamak using the Doppler backscattering method are presented in this paper. Specifically, ELMs that are initiated by sawtooth crashes in the H-mode are discussed. The goal of this paper is study plasma turbulence behaviour during ELMs and to showcase what ELM characteristics can be obtained using Doppler backscattering (DBS). An increase of the poloidal rotation velocity during an ELM burst and a decrease in the inter-ELM periods was observed. The effect of ELMs on the plasma turbulence was investigated and estimated to span around 6 cm inside the separatrix. This is to do with the fact that the sawtooth crashes which are responsible for initiating the ELMs take place in the core plasma. Additional experiments with standard reflectometry indicate that ELMs develop 3 cm inside the separatrix where the pedestal region is believed to be in Globus-M2. The direction of the expansion of the ELMs from the inner plasma region to the edge was determined and the velocity was estimated to be around 8 km s−1. During a single ELM burst a series of filament structures were found in the peripheral DBS channels. In an attempt to understand the processes involved modelling of the reaction of the DBS signals to filaments was done using the BOUT ++ and IPF-FD3D full-wave codes, and the cases for both linear and nonlinear scattering were considered. The results show that the presence of nonlinear scattering during ELMs can lead to an overestimation of the measured velocity values in the region of filament existence near the separatrix.
Agronomic performance, yield and seed production of some new superior varieties using integrated crop management approach in tabanan district, Bali province
Authors: Suastika I B K , Kariada I K , Delly Resiani N M , Budiartana I M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the obstacles to increasing rice productivity in paddy fields in Tabanan district is the availability of adaptive new superior varieties (NSV) with high productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the agronomic performance, yield components and seed production of three NSV lowland rice which have the potential to be developed in irrigated paddy fields at Subak Guama Tabanan districs, in collaboration with AIAT Bali as NSV seed providers. The study was conducted from February to June 2021. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 1 factor 4 treatments including Ciherang as a comparison and each treatment was repeated 6 times. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then the treatment was further tested using the Tukey test at 95%. The results of the study showed that the application with a 2:1 legowo cropping system can increase the performance and components of crop yields. The use of NSV and the 2:1 legowo planting method can increase productivity by an average of 1.24 tonnes/ha of harvested dry grain (HDG) or an increase of 19.36% tonnes/ha of HDG. The application of ICM using NSV, the legowo 2:1 planting method is one way to increase rice production.
Damage Caused by Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith on Corn in Climate Zones in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Vebryanti A , Daud I D , Dungga N E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corn, as one of the main commodities in South Sulawesi, cannot be separated from pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda. J.E Smith. S. frugiperda is a new invasive pest in Indonesia and has been reported to spread throughout the provinces, including South Sulawesi. However, information on S. frugiperda damage in South Sulawesi was still limited. The purpose of this research is to determine how S. frugiperda affects corn plants in South Sulawesi’s potential agricultural climate zones, specifically the west, east, and transitional sectors. Surveys from October to December 2022 were carried out in three regencies representing each climate zone in South Sulawesi. The scouting method was used to conduct field observations on 50 plant samples at each location. Use a visual rating scale of 1 (no damage) to 5 (severe plant stunting and funnel damage) to determine the severity. The intensity of attack during the observation recorded the highest rate of attack in the transitional sector The highest attack rate was in the transitional sector (Luwu), with a total damage category and attack intensity of 48.7%, while the lowest was in the eastern sector (Wajo), with an attack intensity of 32.80%. The highest larval density was in the transitional sector (Luwu), with an average range of 0.04-0.52 larva/plant, while the lowest was in the western sector (Takalar), with an average range of 0.04-0.06 larva/plant. The infested corn plants in the all-climate zone in South Sulawesi showed various typical damages caused by S. frugiperda.
Evaluation of Hard Seed in Indonesia Local Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Afza H , Palupi E R , Ilyas S , Herlina L 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe rate of hard seed in mungbean is a seed production and consumption and varies among varieties. The hard seed is characterized by the absence of pores in the epidermis and an impermeable seed coat created by the suberin layers, which is considered a significant issue for both to be correlated with the environment, seed size, and genetics. A germination test (ISTA rules) was used to determine the rate of the hard seed of 15 local mungbean genotypes collected by the Indonesian Agricultural Gene Bank. The seeds have been stored for three years at 18°C and 30-40% RH. The germination test using rolled paper consisted of 50 seeds with four replications. Hard seeds remained hard at the end of the germination test period because they had not absorbed water due to an impermeable seed coat. The hard seeds were then subjected to dormancy-breaking treatments, i.e., hot water rinsing, sandpaper scarification, soaking in H2SO4 98% and 50% for 30 minutes, and soaking in HCL 1N for 30 minutes. Local Sampang accession was found to have the highest number of hard seeds (15.5%). Lokal Sampang accession has a smaller seed, with an average seed length of 4.04±0.053mm and a seed width of 3.48±0,012 mm. Scarification with sandpaper was the most successful treatment to break the hard seeds’ dormancy, resulting in 100% germination.
Diversity, distribution of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) in West Sumatra based on herbarium specimens and its potency for genetic resources essential oil
Authors: Rahmi N , Nurainas  , Syamsuardi  
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Zingiberaceae is popular plant family that is widely used for medicinal purposes, as cooking spices, and as a source of essential oils. The Zingiberaceae family is characterized by its significant reliance on essential oils. This study aims to inventory, analyze distribution, and review the potential of essential oils from Zingiberaceae species. The species inventory is based on observations of herbarium specimens, and the potential of essential oils is known through a literature review. A total of 2,500 herbarium specimens stored at the Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and the Bogoriense Herbarium (BO) were identified. The results showed 100 species belonging to 20 genera of Zingiberaceae in West Sumatra. Zingiberaceae are found administratively in almost all cities and districts in West Sumatra, with Padang City and Mentawai Islands District. Geographically, Zingiberaceae are distributed in secondary and mixed forests in the lowland, medium elevation, and hilly to montane zones. Based on a literature review, 12% of Zingiberaceae species have been commercialized, 24% have potential for essential oil production, and the rest have not been studied for their essential oil content. The main components of essential oils found in Zingiberaceae are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
Plant diversity and its potential in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Susiarti S , Rugayah  , Oryzanti P , Ismawati  , Destryana R A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is well known that biological and cultural diversity in Indonesia is quite high, as well as the potential of plants as food, medicine, cosmetics, and dyes. This diversity gives rise to local knowledge in its interaction with the environment and the utilization of plant resources to the daily needs of local communities. The Local knowledge from a fairly diverse community still has much to be revealed. Similarly, Sumenep geographically consists of the mainland (54.79%) and the islands (45.21%) with 126 islands. Several field surveys in Sumenep have been conducted on several islands such as in Sepanjang, Gili Iyang, Poteran, Kangean, and Madura mainland, with interview methods to the majority of Madurese ethnic people. From the data collection so far, approximately 173 potential species of plants for food, medicinal ingredients, cosmetic ingredients, and coloring materials have been recorded. Food materials include Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Moringa oleifera, Dioscorea alata, and Borassus flabellifer, as well as medicinal ingredients include Azadirachta indica, Curcuma aeruginosa, and Paederia foetida, whereas for natural dye is Ceriops tagal.
The evaluation of agronomic characters and artemisinin content of EMS-mutated artemisia lines
Authors: Purnamaningsih R , Isnawati A , Masjkur M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cases of malaria in Indonesia are high, especially in Eastern Indonesia, while the basic raw materials for malaria drugs are still imported. Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) produces artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone compound, to treat malaria. Artemisinin content of Artemisia growing in Indonesia is low, therefore technological support is needed to produce new varieties of artemisia that have high artemisinin content. In vitro mutagenesis could increase plant genetic diversity which is the main requirement in plant breeding. The application of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) to the artemisia cell population has been carried out and nine 3rd generations of artemisia mutant lines were obtained. This study aims to evaluate the growth of artemisia mutant lines based on their agronomic characters and artemisinin content. The research was conducted in Lembang, Bandung in July - December 2022. A completely randomized block design was used. The results showed that EMS affected growth characteristics that correlated with plant productivity, i.e. plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, and artemisinin content. Of the nine tested lines, at least 7 had higher plant height, number of branches, wet weight, and dry weight than the control. The artemisinin content of the mutants ranged from 0.67 to 1.02%, while the artemisinin content of the control was 0.4%. The increasing artemisinin content of these mutants reached 1.5 times compared to the control, and the mutant lines’ yields reached 2 times that of the control. The diversity of plants can also be seen from the differences in the color of the stems.
Immobilization microbial cellulase and lipase as bio-catalyst agent using maltodextrin for biofuel synthesis
Authors: Djohan A C , Subiyanto B , Thontowi A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The alternative method of using enzyme technology and modification methods will reduce the cost of biofuel production. New solution for biofuel production by improving the advantages from potential microbial to produce biocatalyst such as cellulase and lipase as an alternative catalyst for replacing the chemical catalyst for transesterification process. This study was developing new method of enzyme immobilization for feasibility biofuel production which is more efficient and effective process in industries. The result obtained in this work allowed concluding that the highest value for the total cellulolytic activity was obtain using carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate reaching value 4.225 U/ml for 24 h with optimization of pH 7 and temperature 50 °C. Instead of cellulase, the potential Aspergillus niger InaCC F538 can produce extracellular lipase and the value found for lipase activity in olive oil substrate is 3.710 U/ml for 24 h incubation time with optimization of pH 8 and temperature 50 °C. The immobilization process of cellulase and lipase using maltodextrin was enhancing the activity to 19.615 U/ml and 24.123 U/ml. The biofuel production based on microbial will be widely used for continuously used for renewable raw material from waste agriculture biomasses for biofuel production. New enzymes combination for improving enzyme stability for industrial application based on fermentation through the economically feasible.
Comparison of three different RNA extraction kits for transcriptome analysis of Indonesian rice (Oryza sativa L) explant for anther culture
Authors: Fatimah S , Purwoko D , Rosyid I R A , Zulaeha S , Syafii M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recalcitrancy is the main problem in rice anther culture, especially in an Indica subspecies. It is well known that recalcitrancy is genotype dependent, and the effort to tackle this problem is mostly in the manipulations of media. Uncovering the genes responsible for recalcitrancy will benefit to enhance the success of this technique to accelerate the breeding process of Indonesian rice varieties which mostly belong to the indica subspecies. RNA-Seq is considered one of the best approaches to finding candidate genes responsible for specific traits including recalcitrant in anther culture. The aim of this study was to obtain the high concentration and good quality of RNA extracted methods using various extraction kits. The RNA extraction was carried out using Tripure, Promega, and RibospinTM Plant (Geneall) kit methods. Quality of RNA provided by the Promega kit showed good quality of RNA in all three genotypes tested ranging from 2.06±0.01-2.11±0.00 for A260/280 and 1.86±0.14-1.95±0.10 for A260/230.
In-silico Gene Editing of LCYB in Musa acuminata and Its Functional Analysis Related to Lycopene Beta-Cyclase Pathway
Authors: Fendiyanto M H , Maysha D J , Hastilestari B R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) has high biodiversity and belongs to the important commodities after rice, particularly in Indonesia. for effective biofortification of bananas, a thorough understanding of the fruit’s genetic makeup, nutritional composition, and bioavailability of nutrients is necessary. If the study of bananas is incomplete or lacking, it can impede the development of biofortified varieties. The gene-regulated vitamin A pathway in a banana is LCYB. Therefore, this study aimed to design activating LCYB gene using CRISPR/Cas 9 and predict its gene and protein functional analysis related to the lycopene beta-cyclase pathway. We performed sequence analysis of LCYB (GeneBank: KP406755.1) to construct sgRNA to activate the expression of LCYB by in-silico approaches. We also successfully amplified the LCYB gene in various accession collections. Based on in-silico predicting sgRNA activity, we found a total of 192 putative sgRNA both in the positive or negative strand in the M.acuminata LCYB gene sequence. We investigated three sgRNA targets sequence-related MaLCYB activation, i.e., CTTTAGATGAGTCATACAAGGGG, ACGAGAGTTCACTACCCAAGAGG, and AGAATTGAGTTGCTCCACCGAGG with an efficiency score of 73.23, 71.00, and 70.21%, respectively. The mutation of the gene could change the functional protein and influence the lycopene beta-cyclase pathway. In silico analysis was an important tool to predict genome editing in M.acuminata to minimize technical sgRNA construction in vivo.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Types on the Availability of Manganese in Soil Cultivated with Maize (Zea mays L.) During Different Growth Periods
Authors: Al-Hasmoti Safaa Jassem Hussein , Jarallah Raid Shaalan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The research aimed to determine the availability of manganese in the rhizosphere of maize plants at various growth and development stages. The treatments of the field trial were: nitrogen fertilizer, urea type, 400 and 200 kg hectare-1, humic acid 500 and 250 cm liter-1 per dunum, and organic fertilization (sheep manure) were applied at rates of 8 and 4 ton hectare-1 reflecting the recommended doses and half of the recommendation in addition to the control treatment. In the summer of 2022, a field experiment was conducted. Three replications were used according to the Randomized Complete Block design (R.C.B.D.). The local maize variety was seeded in 9 m2 (3m x 3m) in plots. After 70 and 100 days of planting, the concentration of manganese in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were examined. For the two cultivation periods (70 and 100 days), the levels of accessible manganese to plant were greatest with the O1 treatment and lowest with the M2 treatment in the rhizosphere soil and bulk soils. The data also revealed a drop in the accessible manganese concentration in the soil and outside the rhizosphere as the growth time (100 days) increased, indicating increased plant absorption.
Treatment of the Harmful Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide using the Amino Acid Selenocysteine and Sulfur Element on the Concentration of Nutrients in Yellow Corn Plant (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Mohamed Shams El-Din , Mohamed Hussein A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the fall season (2022) in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala in order to demonstrate the effect of the amino acid Selenocysteine and the sulfur element and the interference between them in treating the harmful effect of hydrogen peroxide and its effect on the nutrients (N, P, K, S) of the yellow corn plant (Zea mays.L). The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), a regular factorial experiment with three replications, and the experimental parameters included the following: Three levels of spraying with acid with hydrogen peroxide (0, 5, 10) mg. liter-1 and three levels of spraying with the amino acid Selenocysteine (0, 50, 100) mg. liter-1, 2concentrations of liquid sulfur Zolfast (0, 2.5) g. Liter-1 and H2O2 was sprayed first, then the experimental factors were sprayed later, the corn crop was grown, and the results showed that spraying hydrogen peroxide with a high concentration (H10) led to a decrease in the studied characteristics, And when spraying the plant with acid (Sec), the studied characteristics increased with increasing concentrations of spray, and also these characteristics increased when spraying sulfur, and the bilateral interferences between the study factors gave a significant increase in the proportion of nutrients (N, P, K, S), and the triple interaction between The three factors of the study (H2O2 + Sec + S) treated the damage of hydrogen peroxide through the presence of an increase in the proportion of all studied characteristics when spraying the plant with amino acid and sulfur (H10, Sec100, S2.5) and when not spraying them (H10, Sec0, S0).
Bioremediation of Imidacloprid by the Local Isolate Psychrobacter celer
Authors: Ali Ihab H. , Bayar Aswan H. , Arif Mokhtar A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pesticide biodegradation can be accomplished by the technique of bioremediation, which makes use of microorganisms’ ability to degrade pesticide residues. This study aimed to separate and identify imidacloprid-biodegradable from botanical fields soil of greenhouses in the Plant Protection Directorate /Ministry of Agriculture in Baghdad, which has been using imidacloprid pesticides for many years. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, residual imidacloprid concentrations in MSM medium at a concentration of 25 mg/L after 21 days were measured to identify the best degrading bacterial isolates. Isolate No.37 the best bacterial isolate was able to degrade 63% of imidacloprid. was identified as Psychrobacter celer according to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Moreover, genetic analysis for the 16S rRNA gene and given a new accession number (OP672320.1) in the GenBank of NCBI, from this study that the soil previously contaminated for long periods of time with imidacloprid can be treated by degrading the imidacloprid residues in it by isolated bacteria Psychrobacter celer.