bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a new porcine whole‐genome framework map using a radiation hybrid panel
Authors: Hamasima N. , Suzuki H. , Mikawa A. , Morozumi T. , Plastow G. , Mitsuhashi T. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryWe have constructed a radiation hybrid (RH) map of the porcine genome using an RH panel generated by an irradiation dose of 5000‐rad (Sus scrofa radiation hybrid map, SSRH map). Normal porcine aortic endothelial cells were irradiated and fused with a thymidine kinase‐deficient mouse cell line, L‐M (TK–). A total of 110 cell lines were selected and used for further analysis. Among 1091 microsatellite (MS) markers selected for mapping, 842 markers (77%) could be typed on the panel. The framework map comprised 342 MS markers and an additional 247 MS markers were then added to generate the whole‐genome map. The average retention frequency for the data set was 30.6%. The total map length was 5596.2 centiRay (cR). Using an estimated physical length of 2718 Mbp, the average ratio between cR and physical distance over the porcine genome was estimated to be 0.49 Mb/cR.
Estimation of genetic variability of the founder population in a conservation scheme using microsatellites
Authors: Toro M. A. , Barragán C. , Óvilo C. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryIn a conservation programme with genealogical records it is possible to estimate the amount of variability of the founder population from a measure of the similarity among the individuals in the current population based on microsatellite markers. Here we compare three available methods and we shown that the one based on the molecular coancestry coefficient should be preferred.
Molecular cloning of the porcine inhibin‐βB gene and reassignment to chromosome 15
Authors: Nonneman D. , Rohrer G. A. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryInhibins are gonadal glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily that act to suppress pituitary follicle stimulating hormone and are composed of a common α‐subunit linked by disulphide bonds to either a βA‐ or βB‐subunit. The porcine inhibin‐α, ‐βA (INHBA) and ‐βB (INHBB) subunit genes have previously been mapped to chromosomes 15, 18 and 12, respectively. Over 6.7 kb of the INHBB gene was sequenced from a porcine genomic cosmid clone and found to contain two microsatellites, one in intron 1 and the other in the 3′‐untranslated region. Both microsatellites mapped to pig chromosome 15 at relative position 48 cm. This sequence was greater than 99% identical to two previously reported partial non‐contiguous cDNAs for porcine INHBB. Non‐coding regions also had a high degree (79–88%) of identity with the corresponding regions of the human gene. Based on sequence information and mapping of two novel microsatellite markers, we reassigned porcine INHBB to chromosome 15, which is consistent with comparative physical and linkage maps of this chromosome and human chromosome 2.
Use of a novel outbred by inbred F1 cross to detect genetic markers for growth
Authors: Deeb N. , Lamont S. J. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryA unique outbred by inbred F1 resource population was established. The population structure facilitated the unique opportunity of examining gene by genetic background interaction through crossing two modern broiler sires with dams from two unrelated inbred lines, with no selection for growth rate, to produce about 600 F1 chicks. Pools of DNA were generated from the phenotypic extremes (20% high and low) for 8‐week body weight for each of the four combinations of sire and dam line. For one sire family, pools were also separately generated for each sex. The pools were genoyped with 25 informative (segregating) microsatellites. This unique F1 cross between outbred and inbred populations allowed use of the inbred alleles as an ‘internal control’ for polymerase chain reaction amplification quality in DNA pools. Ten microsatellites showed marked differences (P < 0.05) in allele frequencies between high and low pools, suggesting an association between marker and quantitative trait loci (QTL). These differences were verified using selective genotyping. For many markers, differences in allele frequencies between the high and the low pools, or marker effect, varied between the two dam lines and the two sexes, suggesting an interaction between some genes and the genetic background as represented by different dam lines or sexes. The suggestive marker–QTL associations identified in this F1 population demonstrate the efficiency of this population design while different QTL effects in different genetic line crosses and sexes highlight the importance of gene by genetic background interaction in QTL detection.
Retention of copper by a calcareous soil and its textural fractions: influence of amendment with two agroindustrial residues
Authors: Rodriguez‐Rubio P. , Morillo E. , Madrid L. , Undabeytia T. , Maqueda C. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryMetal availability in soils is strongly related with sorption processes and the possible association of the metal ions with a particular particle‐size fraction. Therefore, studies of metal retention by a soil will be aided if retention by different size fractions is also studied. Sorption of copper on a calcareous soil and its textural fractions was studied in batch assays. The soil was amended over 3 years with two agroindustrial residues, a composted olive mill sludge and vinasse. Sorption of Cu on the calcareous soil was very large (110 mmol kg−1) and was enhanced by both amendments. Metal retention by the clay fraction of the unamended soil was less than that of the whole soil, but increased dramatically after amendment with olive mill sludge. This was caused by the larger calcite content in this fraction as well as the increase in organic matter content. The amount of Cu sorbed was very large in the silt fraction, again because of the carbonate content of this fraction (300–460 g kg−1). Copper sorption decreased dramatically after removal of carbonate. Copper retention tended to be enhanced by organic amendments. This was particularly evident in the silt fraction, as a consequence of the organic matter accumulation in this fraction.Copper sorption on the calcareous soil and its silt fractions (unamended and amended) was irreversible. By contrast, desorption was measurable from all the carbonate‐free samples (both whole soil and textural fractions), although in all cases a large hysteresis was observed. We conclude that carbonate was the main component responsible for the lack of reversibility.
Blue sucker stock characteristics in the upper Yazoo River basin, Mississippi, USA
Authors: Hand G. R. , Jackson D. C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBlue sucker Cycleptus elongatus (L.) in the upper Yazoo River basin, Mississippi, USA was studied using overnight hoop net sets (n = 4093) during 1988 and 1990–1998 to determine the influence of channel dredging. There were 264 blue suckers captured, ranging from 3 to 11 years of age. Length ranged from 265 to 700 mm and weight from 120 to 4700 g. Concurrent studies with smaller mesh hoop nets failed to capture any juvenile blue suckers. Catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE: fish net−1) declined throughout the study in the Yalobusha River, a river subjected to channel dredging during 1988 and 1994. With the exception of limited hydraulic dredging in the Tallahatchie River, there was no dredging in the other Yazoo River tributaries, nor were there declines in blue sucker catch rates in these rivers. Throughout the upper Yazoo River basin, blue sucker stocks were dominated by adult fish, and there was little evidence of reproduction or recruitment. Conservation of the blue sucker in the upper Yazoo River basin should include actions that ensure the functional integrity of this floodplain river ecosystem and elimination of channel dredging throughout the basin.
The detection of vegetational change by multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data: the effects of goose foraging
Authors: Jano Andrew P. , Jefferies Robert L. , Rockwell Robert F. 
Published: May 2003

1  The North American mid‐continent population of lesser snow geese now exceeds 3 million birds and the population is increasing in the order of 7% per annum. The foraging activities of the birds on Arctic breeding grounds are leading to loss of vegetation and habitat destruction, particularly in coastal areas bordering the Hudson and James Bays. 2  Multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data has been carried out to detect vegetational change from 1973 to 1993 at La Pérouse Bay and its vicinity, the site of a breeding colony of snow geese. 3  Difference vegetation images (DVI) (difference between infra‐red and red images) were prepared from images obtained in late summer in 1973, 1984 and 1993, in order to enhance vegetation density. Pair‐wise differences were calculated between these DVI images, which resulted in three, secondary, classified images. Classification of the three secondary images (1973–84, 1984–93, 1973–93) yielded three well‐defined classes: water, vegetation decline and no change in vegetation. 4  Histogram counts gave the following values for areas of vegetation decline: 1973–84, 1026 ha; 1984–93, 1428 ha; 1973–93, 2454 ha. 5  The loss of vegetation and the destruction of habitat are discussed in relation to the foraging activities of the expanding goose population.
Spatial and temporal variation in disease levels of a floral smut (Anthracoidea heterospora) on Carex nigra
Authors: Ingvarsson Pär K. , Ericson Lars 
Published: May 2003

1  Data are presented from a 4‐year study on the incidence of infection by the non‐systemic smut fungus Anthracoidea heterospora of florets of the sedge Carex nigra. 2  Beetles of the species Phalacrus substriatus may act as vectors, transmitting A. heterospora between different C. nigra tussocks. Path analysis clearly showed that the number of vectors on individual tussocks was an important factor explaining levels of infection of A. heterospora. 3  The year‐to‐year correlations in incidence of A. heterospora disease for individual C. nigra plants were high, indicating that the same plants consistently experience high levels of disease. There were also high year‐to‐year correlations in the abundance of P. substriatus beetles on individual plants. 4  A second natural enemy of the sedge, the gall mite Phytoptus caricis, also showed high between‐year correlations in levels of infestation. Since P. caricis competes for the same resource as A. heterospora, we predicted that high levels of P. caricis infestation should have a negative effect on disease levels. However, there was in general a positive effect of P. caricis infestation on A. heterospora disease levels. 5  This study shows that for understanding levels of disease of A. heterospora, both within‐year effects as well as transient effects must be included. Phenotypic variation among plants in susceptibility to infection by A. heterospora could explain the observed patterns of disease but they could also be the result of host choice by the beetle.
Forest fire and lake‐water acidity in a northern Swedish boreal area: Holocene changes in lake‐water quality at Makkassjön
Authors: Korsman Tom , Segerström Ulf 
Published: May 2003

1  A Holocene sediment profile from a northern Swedish boreal forest lake was analysed for diatoms, pollen and charcoal. The diatom data were used for inferences of lake‐water pH, alkalinity and colour, while the pollen and charcoal records enabled assessment of catchment vegetation changes and fire. This palaeoecological study demonstrated long‐term changes in lake‐water acidity as a result of catchment vegetation changes and fire. 2  The pollen record showed the transition from a deciduous‐dominated forest (Betula and Alnus) 9000–8000 years
BP (calibrated years) to the present coniferous‐dominated forest (mainly Pinus) in the catchment of Makkassjön. Local peaks in the steadily decreasing Betula pollen curve corresponded with increases in the charcoal concentration. Picea pollen did not appear until the uppermost half of the sediment section (c. 2500
BP), and never exceeded 10% relative abundance. 3  The Holocene development in lake‐water chemistry, inferred from diatom analysis, was divided into three periods: a natural acidification, a natural alkalization and a fertilization/liming period. During the long‐term natural acidification period, the diatom‐inferred pH and alkalinity decreased by c. 1.3 pH units and c. 80 μeq l−1, respectively, while diatom‐inferred colour increased from 10 to 40 mg Pt l–1in the same period. These changes occurred simultaneously with a change from deciduous to coniferous forest. Using redundancy analysis (RDA) with the tree pollen as predictor variables, the Alnus, Betula or Pinus pollen record captured 41–85% of the variance in lake‐water pH and alkalinity. 4  During the period of natural alkalization fire became a dominant disturbance factor in the catchment. The charcoal record was a significant predictor of the variance in diatom‐inferred pH and alkalinity during the period with frequent fires, as determined by RDA analysis with a time‐restricted Monte Carlo permutation test. The inferred changes in pH and colour suggested that the reduction of soil humus played a major role in the alkalization of the acid‐sensitive lake. 5  The results highlight questions about the important mechanisms for predicting the long‐term effects of fire on surface‐water chemistry, which will be of crucial importance if changes in fire regime take place as a consequence of global warming.
Ecological correlates of seed persistence in soil in the north‐west European flora
Authors: Thompson Ken , Bakker Jan P. , Bekker Renée M. , Hodgson John G. 
Published: May 2003

1  Using the data in a recently published seed bank database for north‐west Europe, we describe how a species’ seed bank behaviour can be characterized by a single ‘longevity index’, and investigate how representative the information in the database is of the north‐west European flora. We also test the hypotheses that seeds of short‐lived species are more persistent than those of long‐lived species, and long‐lived seeds are characteristic of species living in disturbed habitats. 2  The data are not representative of the north‐west European flora as a whole; they are a fair reflection of a research effort that has been largely directed towards grassland and arable weeds. Data for rare species, non‐agricultural habitats in general and wetlands, rocky habitats and native woodland in particular, are scarce or absent. 3  Annuals and biennials almost always have more persistent seeds than related perennials, and this difference is most striking when, as in Anagallis arvensis and Aphanes arvensis, the short‐lived species have moved well away from the ‘core’ habitat of the family. Confamilial monocarps and polycarps do not differ consistently in seed mass. 4  Gradients of habitat disturbance are accompanied by predictable changes in seed persistence, which are themselves often (but not always) accompanied by parallel shifts in seed size. These results suggest that increasing habitat disturbance (i.e. increasing density‐independent mortality) always selects for increased seed persistence, confirming both theory and previous analyses. However, increased seed persistence is not always associated with reduced seed size. This is because persistence depends not only on seed size, but on other traits, many of them physiological. In many habitats the probability of seed burial is strongly linked to seed size and shape, but in arable habitats cultural practices have broken this link.
The Arctic Oscillation and incidence of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Messner T. , Lundberg V. , Wikström B. 
Published: May 2003

Abstract.  Messner T, Lundberg V, Wikström B (Kiruna District Hospital, Kiruna; Umeå University Hospital, Umeå; and Kalix District Hospital, Kalix; Sweden). The Arctic Oscillation and incidence of acute myocardial infarction. J Intern Med 2003; 253: 666–670.Objectives.  To describe the relation between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index and the incidence and mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the northern, partly subarctic area of Sweden.Design.  Comparison of a time series of daily variations in the AO index and register data on the daily number of fatal and nonfatal AMIs.Setting.  The northernmost two Swedish counties, Norrbotten and Västerbotten.Subjects.  All inhabitants in the Norrbotten and Västerbotten counties were followed for the occurrence of an AMI between 1985 and 1999 within the framework of the WHO MONICA (multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) Project.Main outcome measure.  Fatal and nonfatal AMIs.Results.  There was a consistent positive relation between increasing AO index and an increase in AMI incidence and mortality. The maximum impact on AMI incidence of the AO came after a lag phase of 3 days. A one unit increase in AO index was associated with an increase in: the daily number of AMIs (+3.8%), the case fatality in AMI within 28 days (+5.1%), the number of nonfatal AMIs (+3.4%), and the number of sudden cardiac deaths (+8.3%).Conclusions.  An AO index increase, bringing warmer weather over Scandinavia, was associated with an increase in the incidence and mortality in AMI in northern Sweden.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the disposition and effect of benazepril and benazeprilat in cats
Authors: King J. N. , Maurer M. , Toutain P. L. 
Published: May 2003

The disposition and effect of benazepril and its active metabolite, benazeprilat, were evaluated in cats using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Cats received single 1 mg/kg doses of intravenous14C‐benazeprilat and oral14C‐benazepril.HCl, and single and repeat (eight daily) oral administrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg nonlabelled benazepril.HCl. The pharmacokinetic endpoints were plasma concentrations of benazepril and benazeprilat, and recovery of radioactivity in faeces and urine. The pharmacodynamic endpoint was plasma angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity.Benazeprilat data were fitted to an equation corresponding to a single‐compartment model with a volume equal to the blood space (Vc = 0.093 L/kg). Within this space, benazeprilat was bound nonlinearly to ACE, which was mainly tissular (89.4%) rather than circulating (10.6%). Free benazeprilat was eliminated quickly from the central compartment (t1/2 ∼ 1.0 h;Cl ∼ 0.125 L/kg/h), elimination being principally biliary (∼85%) rather than urinary (∼15%). Nevertheless, inhibition of ACE was long‐lasting (t1/216–23 h) due to high affinity binding of benazeprilat to ACE (Kd ∼ 3.5 mmol/L, IC50 ∼ 4.3 mmol/L).Simulations using the model predict a lack of proportionality between dose of benazepril, plasma benazeprilat concentrations and effect due to the nonlinear binding of benazeprilat to ACE. For example, increasing the dose of benazepril (e.g. above 0.125 mg/kg q24 h) produced only small incremental inhibition of ACE (either peak effect or duration of action).
Comparative Disposition Kinetics and Plasma Protein Binding of Gentamicin Sulphate in Three Juvenile Animal Species
Authors: EL‐Sooud K. Abo 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThe pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was studied in lambs, calves and foals, respectively after single intravenous (i.v.) injections of 5 mg kg−1 body weight. The plasma concentration–time curves of gentamicin sulphate were best fitted to follow a two‐compartment open model in calves and foals and a three‐compartment open model in lambs. Gentamicin showed high plasma level at 5 min post‐injection. Then its concentration decreased gradually until its minimum detectable level at 10 and 12 h post‐injection in foals and calves, respectively, was reached. In contrast, the plasma concentrations were much higher in lambs and persisted up to 48 h from the onset of injection. Values of pharmacokinetic parameters for gentamicin sulphate in different animals after i.v. injections were calculated. Pharmacokinetic data in lambs demonstrated a triphasic decline in plasma gentamicin concentration with slow terminal elimination phase (washout phase) with (t1/2γ) of 7.7 h. Gentamicin showed a small volume of distribution Vd(ss) (80.3 ml kg−1) in lambs indicating that the drug is slightly distributed in extra‐vascular tissues. The overall rate of total body clearance ClB in lambs was (0.46 ml kg−1) slower than in calves (1.5 ml kg−1) and foals (2.7 ml kg−1). In vitro protein binding per cent of gentamicin sulphate in plasma were 16.80, 11.03 and 7.98% in lambs, calves and foals. The results of this study emphasize the importance of determining the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in each species of young animals separately.
Influence of Post‐ovulatory Insemination on Sperm Distribution, Pregnancy and the Infiltration by Cells of the Immune System, and the Distribution of CD2, CD4, CD8 and MHC Class II Expressing Cells in the Sow Endometrium
Authors: Kaeoket K. , Persson E. , Dalin A.‐M. 
Published: May 2003

SummaryThis study investigates the distribution of leucocytes, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations and MHC class II expressing cells in the sow endometrium following post‐ovulatory insemination in relation to clinical findings and pregnancy outcome. Crossbred multiparous sows were inseminated once either at 15–20 h after ovulation [experiment 1, slaughtered at 20–25 h (5–6 h after artificial insemination (AI), group 1‐A, n = 4), at 70 h after ovulation (group 1‐B, n = 4), on day 11 (group 1‐C, n = 4, first day of standing oestrus = day 1) or on day 19 (group 1‐D, n = 4)] or 30 h after ovulation [experiment 2, slaughtered at 5–6 h after AI (group 2‐A, n = 4) or on day 19 (group 2‐D, n = 3)]. The uterine horns were flushed to control for the presence of spermatozoa and neutrophils and/or for recovery of oocytes and/or embryos. Mesometrial uterine samples were plastic embedded and stained. Cryofixed uterine samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry using mAbs to lymphocyte subpopulations and MHC class II molecules. Light microscopy was used to examine surface (SE) and glandular epithelia (GE), and connective tissue layers, both subepithelially (SL) and glandular (GL). In experiment 1, group 1‐A, only one sow had spermatozoa in the utero‐tubal junction (UTJ). Marked/moderated numbers of neutrophils and spermatozoa were observed in the flushings of two sows. In group 1‐B, altogether 23 of 48 oocytes were cleaved. Day 11 (1‐C), embryos with small diameter were observed. Day 19 (1‐D), no embryos were found but small pieces of foetal membrane were observed in one of the sows. In group 1‐A, large numbers of neutrophils were found within the SE and SL but with high individual variation. For T lymphocyte subpopulations, in the SE, most CD2+ cells were found in group 1‐A. For both SE and GE in all groups, the number of CD8+ cells was significantly larger than that of CD4+ cells. In experiment 2, group 2‐A, no sow had spermatozoa in the UTJ or in the uterine flushings. At day 19, no sow was pregnant. In group 2‐A, large numbers of neutrophils were found within the SE and SL but with high individual variation. At day 19, high E2 levels showed a hormonal prooestrous stage but the endometrial neutrophil infiltration normally expected at pro‐oestrus was absent. In conclusion, post‐ovulatory insemination (about 18 h after ovulation) resulted in impaired spermatozoa transport within the uterus and embryonic degeneration. In sows post‐ovulatory inseminated at a later stage (30 h after ovulation), no sow was pregnant. In both experiments, disturbed immune cell patterns were observed in some individuals.