bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degree of discrepancy between self and other‐reported everyday functioning by cognitive status: dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy elders
Authors: Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Mungas Dan , Jagust William 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies show individuals with dementia overestimate their cognitive and functional abilities compared to reports from caregivers. Few studies have examined whether individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) also tend to underestimate their deficits. In this study we examined whether degree of discrepancy between patient and informant‐reported everyday functioning was associated with cognitive status.MethodsThe sample consisted of 111 ethnically diverse community‐dwelling older adults (46 Caucasians and 65 Hispanic individuals), which was divided into four diagnostic categories: cognitively normal, MCI‐memory impaired, MCI‐nonmemory impaired, and demented. Everyday functional abilities were measured using both a self‐report and informant‐report version of the Daily Function Questionnaire (DFQ). A Difference Score was calculated by subtracting patients' DFQ score from their informants' score.ResultsDFQ Difference Scores were significantly higher in the demented group compared to normals and both of the MCI groups. However, the Difference Scores for the MCI groups were not significantly different than the normals. Further, while patient reported everyday functioning did not differ among the four diagnostic groups, informant reported functional status was significantly different across all diagnostic groups except MCI‐nonmemory impairedvsnormals. Performance on objective memory testing was associated with informant‐rated but not patient‐rated functional status. Demographic characteristics of the patients and informants, including ethnicity, had no association with the degree of discrepancy between raters.ConclusionsAlthough there may be some mild functional changes associated particularly with the MCI‐memory impaired subtype, individuals with MCI do not appear to under‐report their functional status as can often been seen in persons with dementia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of single and dual sensory loss on symptoms of depression in the elderly
Authors: Capella‐McDonnall Michele E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectivesThe primary purposes of this study were to determine the effect of dual sensory loss (i.e. combined hearing and vision loss) on depressive symptoms, to determine whether dual sensory loss has an effect on depressive symptoms when controlling for common covariates of depression, and to determine whether persons with dual sensory loss were more likely than those with a single sensory loss to experience depressive symptoms.DesignSecondary analyses of 2001 National Health Interview Survey data.ParticipantsNine thousand eight hundred and thirty‐two people aged 55 and older residing in the community in the US.MeasurementsSelf‐report answers to questions about hearing and vision status, depressive symptoms, health, education level, poverty, social activities, social support, and functional disability (ADL and IADL status).ResultsDual sensory loss had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.8–4.0), which was lowered but still significant after controlling for covariates of depression (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7–2.9). Those with dual sensory loss were not significantly more likely than those with vision loss, but were significantly more likely than those with hearing loss, to experience symptoms of depression.ConclusionExperiencing depressive symptoms is a problem that needs to be addressed with elderly persons with dual sensory loss. Not only is this population more likely to experience these symptoms, because of their sensory losses treatment for them may be problematical. Professionals working with the elderly should be aware of the increased risks of depressive symptoms in those with single or dual sensory loss, and should screen for them. If present, rehabilitation for sensory losses may help decrease them. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective memory complaints in Chinese subjects with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lam Linda C. W. , Lui Victor W. C. , Tam Cindy W. C. , Chiu Helen F. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional state between normal aging and dementia. However, there is inconsistent opinion as to the validity of subjective memory complaints as a criterion for diagnosis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the potential significance of applying a short memory questionnaire in the assessment of Chinese subjects with MCI and early dementia.MethodsThree hundred and six ambulatory Chinese subjects were recruited. Each participant completed a short memory questionnaire. They were also assessed with the Chinese versions of the mini‐mental state examination (CMMSE), Alzheimer's disease assessment scale—cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog), category verbal fluency test (CVFT) and span tests. Severity of cognitive impairment was evaluated using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR); subjects with CDR 0.5 were further classified into MCI not demented (MCIND) and MCI possible incipient dementia (MCIID) depending on the subscale scores of CDR.ResultsAn increasing frequency of memory complaints with increasing CDR was observed (Kruskal Wallis test, chi square = 21.29, df 3, p < 0.001). With a cutoff of 3 or more memory complaints, the memory questionnaire demonstrated a sensitivity of 65.3% and 70.4% in identifying subjects with incipient and early dementia respectively. Significant associations between memory complaints and most cognitive test performance were found (Spearman's correlations, p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that educational level, the memory questionnaire, ADAS‐Cog total and delayed recall scores were significant predictors of MCIID status.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that a short memory questionnaire is useful in the screening of MCI, particularly in subjects who already present with subtle functioning disturbances. Subjective memory complaints were significant correlated with objective performance of memory functions, reflecting the usefulness of memory complaints in the assessment of MCI. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The amount of informal and formal care among non‐demented and demented elderly persons—results from a Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Nordberg G. , von Strauss E. , Kåreholt I. , Johansson L. , Wimo A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundDeveloped countries are experiencing a dramatic increase in the proportion of elderly persons, as well as a progressive aging of the elderly population itself. Knowledge regarding the amount of formal and informal care and its interaction at population‐based level is limited.ObjectivesTo describe the amount of formal and informal care for non‐demented and demented persons living at home in a population‐based sample.MethodsThe population consisted of all inhabitants, 75 + years, living in a rural community (n = 740). They were clinically examined by physicians and interviewed by nurses. Dementia severity was measured according to Washington University Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Informal and formal care was examined with the RUD (Resource Utilization in Dementia) instrument.ResultsThe amount of informal care was much greater than formal care and also greater among demented than non‐demented. There was a relationship between the severity of the congnitive decline and the amount of informal care while this pattern was weaker regarding formal care. Tobit regression analyses showed a clear association between the number of hours of informal and formal care and cognitive decline although this pattern was much stronger for informal than formal care.ConclusionsInformal care substitutes rather than compliments formal care and highlights the importance of future studies in order to truly estimate the amount of informal and formal care and the interaction between them. This knowledge will be of importance when planning the use of limited resources, and when supporting informal carers in their effort to care for their intimates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cognitive functioning on functional status in an older population: 3‐ and 6‐year follow‐up of the Maastricht Aging Study
Authors: van Hooren Susan A. H. , van Boxtel Martin P. J. , Valentijn Susanne A. M. , Bosma Hans , Ponds Rudolf W. H. M. , Jolles Jelle 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundTo date, it remains unclear to what extent cognitive competence is related to a change in general functional status in older adults.ObjectivesTo evaluate both the cross‐sectional and the longitudinal relation between cognitive functioning and functional status.MethodsSensorimotor speed, memory, and executive functioning were assessed in a large population of healthy adults aged 60 years and older (n = 485) who participated in the Maastricht Aging Study. Data from the baseline (1993–1995), three‐year follow‐up, and six‐year follow‐up were used. Functional status was measured using the SF‐36, which was coded into a physical and a mental component summary measure.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, and educational level, a high level of cognitive functioning appeared to be associated with better functional status in the cross‐sectional analysis. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated, that cognitive functioning was not a predictor of functional status three or six years later.ConclusionsThus while cognitive functioning is useful clinically for predicting the short‐term functional status of an older person, it is not useful for predicting that person's long‐term (>3 years) functional status and thus the period of validity of the results of these tests in answering such questions is limited. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma of the Intraductal Growth-Type and Its Precursor Lesions *
Authors: Yeh Ta-Sen , Tseng Jeng-Hwei , Chen Tse-Ching , Liu Nai-Jen , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Jan Yi-Yin , Chen Miin-Fu 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

A cohort of patients with intraductal growth-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IG-ICC) and its precursor lesions, collectively termed intraductal papillary neoplasm of the liver (IPNL), was characterized with respect to demographics, clinical manifestations, perioperative management, long-term survival, and molecular features associated with carcinogenesis. A total of 122 patients with IPNL types 1 through 4, 108 patients with non–IG-ICC and 210 patients with hepatolithiasis alone were studied. Expression of CDX2, TFF1, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, EGFR, and p53 was determined by using immunohistochemistry. Females predominated in those with hepatolithiasis alone and IPNL. The mean age of patients with hepatolithiasis alone was 6 to 8 years younger than that of those with IPNL. The association with hepatolithiasis in patients with IPNL types 1 and 2, IPNL types 3 and 4, and non–IG-ICC was 100%, 79%, and 64%, respectively. Mucobilia, anemia, and elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels were helpful in distinguishing IG-ICC and its precursor lesions. The mean survival of patients with IPNL type 3, IPNL type 4, and non–IG-ICC was 55.5 months, 36.9 months, and 15.8 months, respectively. The incidence of expression of CDX2 and TFF1 was maximal in IPNL type 3. Expression and cellular distribution of MUC2 and CDX2 were similar. MUC5AC was strongly expressed in all patients with IPNL; EGFR and p53 were rarely expressed in patients with IPNL.
In conclusion
, hepatolithiasis appears to be a precipitating factor in the development of IPNL. Signs of mucobilia were specific for the diagnosis of IPNL. Expression of CDX2 and MUC2 are helpful in differentiating IPNL and non–IG-ICC. Significant differences in survival associated with the various lesions studied warrants a more aggressive surgical strategy in their management. (Hepatology 2005;42:657–664.)
A Genomic and Proteomic Study of the Spectrum of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease *
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Baranova Ancha , Ziegler Katharine , Del Giacco Luca , Schlauch Karen , Born Timothy L. , Elariny Hazem , Gorreta Francesco , VanMeter Amy , Younoszai Abraham , Ong Janus P. , Goodman Zachary , Chandhoke Vikas 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and some of its forms are progressive. This study describes the profiling of hepatic gene expression and serum protein content in patients with different subtypes of NAFLD. Liver biopsy specimens from 98 bariatric surgery patients were classified as normal, steatosis alone, steatosis with nonspecific inflammation, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Microarray hybridizations were performed in triplicate and the microarray expression levels of a selected group of genes were confirmed using real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Serum protein profiles of the same patients were determined by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of 98 obese patients, 91 were diagnosed with NAFLD (12 steatosis alone, 52 steatosis with nonspecific inflammation, and 27 NASH), and 7 patients without NAFLD served as obese controls. Each group of NAFLD patients was compared with the obese controls, and 22 genes with more than twofold differences in expression levels were revealed. Proteomics analyses were performed for the same group comparisons and revealed twelve significantly different protein peaks.
In conclusion
, this genomic/proteomic analysis suggests differential expression of several genes and protein peaks in patients within and across the forms of NAFLD. These findings may help clarify the pathogenesis of NAFLD and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (Hepatology 2005;42:665–674.)
Histopathology of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease * #
Authors: Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Behling Cynthia , Newbury Robert , Deutsch Reena , Nievergelt Caroline , Schork Nicholas J. , Lavine Joel E. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are common in children and adolescents. However, standard histological criteria for pediatric NAFLD and NASH are undeveloped. We reviewed consecutive patients ages 2 to 18 years with biopsy-proven NAFLD diagnosed between 1997 and 2003. Biopsies were evaluated by two pathologists for individual features of steatohepatitis. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated two different forms of steatohepatitis. Type 1 was characterized by steatosis, ballooning degeneration, and perisinusoidal fibrosis; type 2 was characterized by steatosis, portal inflammation, and portal fibrosis. The study included 100 children with NAFLD. Simple steatosis was present in 16% of subjects, and advanced fibrosis was present in 8%. Type 1 NASH was present in 17% of subjects, and type 2 NASH was present in 51%. Boys were significantly (

P

< .01) more likely to have type 2 NASH and less likely to have type 1 NASH than girls. The NASH type differed significantly (

P

< .001) by race and ethnicity. Type 1 NASH was more common in white children, whereas type 2 NASH was more common in children of Asian, Native American, and Hispanic ethnicity. In cases of advanced fibrosis, the pattern was generally that of type 2 NASH.
In conclusion
, type 1 and type 2 NASH are distinct subtypes of pediatric NAFLD, and type 2 is the most common pattern in children. NASH subtypes should be considered when interpreting liver biopsies and planning studies of the pathophysiology, genetics, natural history, or response to treatment in pediatric NAFLD. (Hepatology 2005;42:641–649.)
A kinetic approach to osteoblast adhesion on biomaterial surface
Authors: Bigerelle M. , Anselme K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn incompletely understood question in the field of biomaterials is how eucaryotic cells adhere on material surfaces. The adhesion of cells on materials is generally studied after some hours. Because this evaluation after some hours cannot let us presume about the future of the cells on the material, we have developed a culture model that does allow study in the long term of an elaborate cell/material interface closer to the in vivo situation. For that, we used a progressive trypsin‐based detachment method. Here we report on the mathematical modeling of long‐term human primary osteoblastic cell adhesion on metallic substrates, which allows us to quantify the real adhesion simultaneously by taking into account the effect of cell proliferation. A time‐dependent adhesion index td is proposed, which varies with culture time t according to the power law: td(t) = atb, a being independent of b. The exponent b is equal to 0.5 ± 0.03 and is independent of the substrate's characteristics, meaning that the long‐term adhesion increases proportionally to the square root of culture time. On the contrary, the parameter a significantly depends on the material's nature, the surface's topography, and the surface chemistry of the substrate and is sufficient to characterize cell adhesion. From this relationship, we suggest that a diffusion‐based process related to the kinetic of formation of extracellular matrix should be involved in long‐term adhesion on materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Ab initio study of the oxidation of NCN by O2
Authors: Zhu R. S. , Lin M. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe reaction of NCN with O2 has been investigated by ab initio molecular orbital and transition state theory calculations. The mechanisms for formation of possible product channels involved in the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces have been predicted at the highest level of the modified GAUSSIAN‐2 (G2M) method, G2M (CC1). The stationary points of species on the low‐energy paths were also examined with the third‐order Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation (CASPT3) and the multireference configuration interaction including Davidson's correction for higher excitations (MRCI + Q) theories at the CASPT3 (4, 4)/aug‐cc‐PVTZ//CASSCF(4,4)/cc‐pVDZ(4,4) and MRCI+Q(4,4)/aug‐cc‐PVTZ //CASSCF (4, 4)/cc‐pVDZ(4, 4) levels. The rate constants for the two low‐energy channels, NCN + O2 → cis,trans‐NCNOO → NCO + NO (k1) and NCN + O2 → cis,trans‐NCNOO → CNO + NO (k2), have been calculated in the temperature range of 1000–3000 K based on the energies obtained at the G2M(CC1) level. The results show that the formation of NCO + NO is dominant, and its branching ratio k1/(k1+k2)=0.83 is almost temperature independent from 1000 to 3000 K. The total rate constant can be expressed by kt = 7.29 × 10−15 T0.51 exp (−12370/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 in the 1000–3000 K range. Overall, the reaction is quite slow because of the high entrance and exit barriers. Based on the predicted heats of reaction and the known heats of formation of NCN and NO, the heats of formation of NCO and CNO at 0 K have been calculated to be 29.8 and 92.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The former agrees closely with the available experimental value, 30.4 ± 1.0 kcal/mol. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 593–598, 2005
Falloff curves for the unimolecular decomposition of two acyl radicals: RCO (+M) → R + CO (+M) by pulsed laser photolysis coupled to time‐resolved infrared diode laser absorption
Authors: Dusanter Sebastien , Elmaimouni Lahcen , Fittschen Christa , Lemoine Bernard , Devolder Pascal 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe rate constants kd for the unimolecular decomposition of two acyl (RĊO) radi‐ cals: 2,2‐dimethylpropionyl (CH3)3CĊO and 2‐methylpropionyl (CH3)2CHĊO (pivaloyl and isobutyryl, respectively in what follows) have been directly measured via the time‐resolved kinetics of CO formation as a function of pressure and temperature. The acyl radicals are generated by H‐atom abstraction of the aldehydic hydrogen from the corresponding substituted propanals using pulsed laser photolysis of aldehyde/Cl2/N2 mixtures. The buildup of CO concentration is monitored by time‐resolved infrared absorption at ≅2177 cm‐1. The extent of the chain reactions triggered by the reactions of Cl2 with alkyl and acyl radicals (thus generating further Cl atoms after the initial laser pulse) has been limited by adding variable known concentrations of O2, a radical scavenger which is sequestering all radicals to form less reactive RO2 radicals. Besides kd, we have also determined for the first time the rate constants of the reactions of the two acyl radicals with O2; since the latter do not exhibit any clear trend with either temperature or pressure, we thus adopt the average of all experimental values: i.e. for pivaloyl : k = (3.5 ± 1.0) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and for isobutyryl : k = (3.2 ± 1.0) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Our values of kd, which are in the falloff range, are compared to those obtained from theoretical calculations using the Troe formalism 5. For pivaloyl at 298 K, we obtain the following limiting rate constants : k0 = 2.1 × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, k∞ = 4.3 × 105 s−1, FC = 0.515, which are at variance with the theoretical predictions of Tomas et al. (Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000, 2, 1165–1174). For isobutyryl, our experimental data are entirely consistent with the predictions of Tomas et al. Extrapolation of our Troe parameters to tropospheric conditions (298 K, atmospheric pressure) shows, in agreement with previous authors, that for both radicals the reaction with O2 is several orders of magnitude faster than the unimolecular decomposition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 611–624, 2005
Why is the order reversed? peroxyl‐scavenging activity and fats‐and‐oils protecting activity of vitamin E
Authors: Mukai Kazuo , Noborio Sachiyo , Nagaoka Shin‐Ichi 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe orders of relative tocopherol biopotency, scavenging activity of lipid peroxyl radicals, and quenching activity of singlet oxygen are as follows: jalpha‐tocopherol > β‐tocopherol ⩾ γ‐tocopherol > δ‐tocopherol. However, the reverse is the case for the activity to protect fats and oils from oxidation: jalpha‐tocopherol < β‐tocopherol < γ‐tocopherol δ‐tocopherol. The reason for this reverse has been studied by measuring weight gains of solutions including methyl linoleate and various antioxidants at daily intervals. Antioxidant activity is expressed as an induction period in days. Induction periods are compared with the second‐order rate constants for scavenging of an aroxyl radical by the antioxidants. A plot of the logarithm of the second‐order rate constant vs. the induction period is found to give a good linear fit, and the slope is negative. From these results, it is considered that the larger the peroxyl‐radical‐scavenging activity of a tocopherol, the more favorable the production of the tocopheroxyl radical, and thus the more efficient the oxidation of fats and oils by the tocopheroxyl radical. This is not the case for tocopherols in vivo, because vitamin C and ubiquinol reduce tocopheroxyl radicals formed from tocopherols. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 605–610, 2005