bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long-term effects of consecutive COVID-19 waves on mental health
Authors: Novotný Jan Sebastian , Gonzalez-Rivas Juan Pablo , Kunzová Šárka , Skladaná Mária , Pospíšilová Anna , Polcrová Anna , Vassilaki Maria , Medina-Inojosa Jose Ramon , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Geda Yonas Endale , Stokin Gorazd Bernard 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundAlthough several studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the long-term effects remain unclear.AimsTo examine longitudinal changes in mental health before and during the consecutive COVID-19 waves in a well-established probability sample.MethodAn online survey was completed by the participants of the COVID-19 add-on study at four time points: pre-COVID-19 period (2014–2015,n= 1823), first COVID-19 wave (April to May 2020,n= 788), second COVID-19 wave (August to October 2020,n= 532) and third COVID-19 wave (March to April 2021,n= 383). Data were collected via a set of validated instruments, and analysed with latent growth models.ResultsDuring the pandemic, we observed a significant increase in stress levels (standardisedβ= 0.473,P< 0.001) and depressive symptoms (standardisedβ= 1.284,P< 0.001). The rate of increase in depressive symptoms (std. covariance = 0.784,P= 0.014), but not in stress levels (std. covariance = 0.057,P= 0.743), was associated with the pre-pandemic mental health status of the participants. Further analysis showed that secondary stressors played a predominant role in the increase in mental health difficulties. The main secondary stressors were loneliness, negative emotionality associated with the perception of COVID-19 disease, lack of resilience, female gender and younger age.ConclusionsThe surge in stress levels and depressive symptoms persisted across all three consecutive COVID-19 waves. This persistence is attributable to the effects of secondary stressors, and particularly to the status of mental health before the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal mechanisms underlying the surge in mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 waves, with direct implications for strategies promoting mental health during pandemics.
DeepPhe-CR: Natural Language Processing Software Services for Cancer Registrar Case Abstraction
Authors: Hochheiser Harry , Finan Sean , Yuan Zhou , Durbin Eric B. , Jeong Jong Cheol , Hands Isaac , Rust David , Kavuluru Ramakanth , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Warner Jeremy L. , Savova Guergana 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE Manual extraction of case details from patient records for cancer surveillance is a resource-intensive task. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have been proposed for automating the identification of key details in clinical notes. Our goal was to develop NLP application programming interfaces (APIs) for integration into cancer registry data abstraction tools in a computer-assisted abstraction setting. METHODS We used cancer registry manual abstraction processes to guide the design of DeepPhe-CR, a web-based NLP service API. The coding of key variables was performed through NLP methods validated using established workflows. A container-based implementation of the NLP methods and the supporting infrastructure was developed. Existing registry data abstraction software was modified to include results from DeepPhe-CR. An initial usability study with data registrars provided early validation of the feasibility of the DeepPhe-CR tools. RESULTS API calls support submission of single documents and summarization of cases across one or more documents. The container-based implementation uses a REST router to handle requests and support a graph database for storing results. NLP modules extract topography, histology, behavior, laterality, and grade at 0.79-1.00 F1 across multiple cancer types (breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, ovary, and pediatric brain) from data of two population-based cancer registries. Usability study participants were able to use the tool effectively and expressed interest in the tool. CONCLUSION The DeepPhe-CR system provides an architecture for building cancer-specific NLP tools directly into registrar workflows in a computer-assisted abstraction setting. Improved user interactions in client tools may be needed to realize the potential of these approaches.
Spatially Resolved Tumor Microenvironment Predicts Treatment Outcomes in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Aoki Tomohiro , Jiang Aixiang , Xu Alexander , Yin Yifan , Gamboa Alicia , Milne Katy , Takata Katsuyoshi , Miyata-Takata Tomoko , Chung Shanee , Rai Shinya , Wu Shaocheng , Warren Mary , Strong Celia , Goodyear Talia , Morris Kayleigh , Chong Lauren C. , Hav Monirath , Colombo Anthony R. , Telenius Adele , Boyle Merrill , Ben-Neriah Susana , Power Maryse , Gerrie Alina S. , Weng Andrew P. , Karsan Aly , Roth Andrew , Farinha Pedro , Scott David W. , Savage Kerry J. , Nelson Brad H. , Merchant Akil , Steidl Christian 
Published: December 2023

PURPOSE About a third of patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r CHL) succumb to their disease after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT). Here, we aimed to describe spatially resolved tumor microenvironment (TME) ecosystems to establish novel biomarkers associated with treatment failure in r/r CHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed imaging mass cytometry (IMC) on 71 paired primary diagnostic and relapse biopsies using a marker panel specific to CHL biology. For each cell type in the TME, we calculated a spatial score measuring the distance of nearest neighbor cells to the malignant Hodgkin Reed Sternberg cells within the close interaction range. Spatial scores were used as features in prognostic model development for post-ASCT outcomes. RESULTS Highly multiplexed IMC data revealed shared TME patterns in paired diagnostic and early r/r CHL samples, whereas TME patterns were more divergent in pairs of diagnostic and late relapse samples. Integrated analysis of IMC and single-cell RNA sequencing data identified unique architecture defined by CXCR5+ Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells and their strong spatial relationship with CXCL13+ macrophages in the TME. We developed a prognostic assay (RHL4S) using four spatially resolved parameters, CXCR5+ HRS cells, PD1+CD4+ T cells, CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages, and CXCR5+ B cells, which effectively separated patients into high-risk versus low-risk groups with significantly different post-ASCT outcomes. The RHL4S assay was validated in an independent r/r CHL cohort using a multicolor immunofluorescence assay. CONCLUSION We identified the interaction of CXCR5+ HRS cells with ligand-expressing CXCL13+ macrophages as a prominent crosstalk axis in relapsed CHL. Harnessing this TME biology, we developed a novel prognostic model applicable to r/r CHL biopsies, RHL4S, opening new avenues for spatial biomarker development.
A Population-Based and Clinical Cohort Validation of the Novel Consensus Definition of Metabolic Hyperferritinemia
Authors: Liu Wen-Yue , Lian Li-You , Zhang Huai , Chen Sui-Dan , Jin Xin-Zhe , Zhang Ni , Ye Chen-Hui , Chen Wen-Ying , Bee George Goh Boon , Wang Fu-Di , Miele Luca , Corradini Elena , Valenti Luca , Zheng Ming-Hua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
There is limited data on the clinical significance of metabolic hyperferritinemia (MHF) based on the most recent consensus.

Objective
We aimed to validate the clinical outcomes of MHF in the general population and patients with biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods
The NHANES database and PERSONS cohort were included. MHF was defined as elevated serum ferritin with metabolic dysfunction (MD) and stratified into different grades according to ferritin (grade 1: 200 [females]/300 [males]—550 ng/mL; grade 2: 550-1000 ng/mL; grade 3: &gt;1000 ng/mL). The clinical outcomes, including all-cause death, comorbidities, and liver histology, were compared between non-MHF and MHF in adjusted models.

Results
In NHANES, compared with non-MHF with MD, MHF was related to higher risks of advanced fibrosis (P = .036), elevated albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR, P = .001), and sarcopenia (P = .013). Although the association between all grades of MHF and mortality was insignificant (P = .122), grades 2/3 was associated with increased mortality (P = .029). When comparing with non-MHF without MD, the harmful effects of MHF were more significant in mortality (P &lt; .001), elevated UACR (P &lt; .001), cardiovascular disease (P = .028), and sarcopenia (P &lt; .001). In the PERSONS cohort, MHF was associated with more advanced grades of steatosis (P &lt; .001), lobular inflammation (P &lt; .001), advanced fibrosis (P = .017), and more severe hepatocellular iron deposition (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Both in the general population and in at-risk individuals with MAFLD, MHF was related with poorer clinical outcomes.
A comparative study on the clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and conventional open surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Li Zheng , Jiang Chen-yang , Xu Bao-shan 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of single-channel percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and conventional open surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 66 patients with LDH admitted to Tianjin Medical University from June 2017 to June 2018 were divided into two groups: the observation group (single-channel PELD) and the control group (posterior lumbar interbody fusion), with 33 cases in each group. The two groups were compared in terms of visual analogue scale(VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score(JOA), perioperative indicators, clinical efficacy, postoperative complications, changes in inflammatory factors and serum T lymphocyte subsets.
Results: The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, time in bed, hospital stay in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group. At 7d after treatment, the improvement of ODI, VAS and JOA in the observation group were better than that in the control group. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in Cobb angle and lumbar lordosis angle between the two groups. The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The degree of reduction of serum CD3+ and CD4+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. And the level of elevation of CD8+ in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in CD4+/CD8+ level between the two groups. The excellent rate of surgical results in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. Complications occurred in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusions: Single-channel PELD can achieve superior clinical efficacy over conventional open surgery in the treatment of LDH.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.6678
How to cite this: Li Z, Jiang C, Xu B. A comparative study on the clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and conventional open surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.6678
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of Folic Acid, B12, D, and E Vitamins and Melatonin levels in the follicular fluid taken by the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection method on pregnancy
Authors: DEMiR KENAN , ÇALIŞKAN Süleyman Tümer , ÇELİK Sebahattin , Akdeniz Muhterem , Göç Rümeysa 
Published: December 2023

Objective: It has been demonstrated that the composition of the follicular fluid and many internal/external factors affect success in subfertile couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We examined the effect of folic acid, B12, D, and E vitamins and melatonin values in follicular fluid on pregnancy in women with low, normal, and high ovarian reserves who underwent ICSI.
Methods: Our study was conducted at Samsun Medical Park Hospital between January 2021 and February 2022. Follicular fluid induction samples were taken from 96 infertile women with low, normal, and high ovarian reserve, and ICSI was applied. Folic acid, B12, D, and E vitamins and melatonin levels were measured in follicular fluid samples by ELISA method. Statistical analyzes were done with SPSS, and ROC curve analyses were used.
Results: Nine people with poor reserve, 19 people with normal reserve and 14 people with high reserve became pregnant. Folic acid, Vitamin-D, B12, E and melatonin levels were lower in those with poor ovarian reserve than in those with normal and high ovarian reserve (p<0.05). According to the pregnancy test, the probability of pregnancy was 43,783 times higher with high levels of folic acid, while it was 8,096 times higher for vitamin D. While vitamin B12 levels were 31,474 times more likely to be pregnancies, vitamin E levels were 35,227 times higher. For melatonin, the values showed that the probability of pregnancy increased by 11,564 times.
Conclusions: High antioxidants may increase the likelihood of conception in infertile women undergoing ICSI. Therefore, couples who will be treated should be advised to increase these markers, especially melatonin in the follicular fluid.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7929
How to cite this: Demir K, Caliskan ST, Celik S, Akdeniz M, Goc RY. The effect of Folic Acid, B12, D, & E Vitamins and Melatonin levels in the follicular fluid taken by the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection method on pregnancy. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7929
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clindamycin: an effective treatment for granulomatous mastitis caused by Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii in a pregnant patient
Authors: Abdalla Elmustafa , Elmudathir Ahmed , Ahmed Ahmed H. , Ali Bashir , Elhadi Ali Mohamed , Taha Noheir M. , Khan Fahmi Y. 
Published: December 2023

Corynebacterium spp. are Gram-positive bacteria, and recent studies have proposed a potential link between granulomatous mastitis and Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii infections, posing a challenge in selecting appropriate antibiotics, particularly in pregnant women. A young pregnant woman presented with a palpable lump in her left breast. Subsequent assessment revealed the presence of necrotising granulomatous mastitis attributed to C. kroppenstedtii. Initially treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate, the patient showed no improvement. Consequently, clindamycin was administered based on culture and sensitivity results, which resulted in a favourable response with no recurrence of symptoms. This report aims to emphasise the efficacy of clindamycin as a treatment option for granulomatous mastitis caused by C. kroppenstedtii.
Performance of large language models at the MRCS Part A: a tool for medical education?
Authors: Yiu A , Lam K 
Published: December 2023

Introduction The Intercollegiate Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons examination (MRCS) Part A assesses generic surgical sciences and applied knowledge using 300 multiple-choice Single Best Answer items. Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on vast amounts of text to generate natural language outputs, and applications in healthcare and medical education are rising. Methods Two LLMs, ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Bard (Google AI), were tested using 300 questions from a popular MRCS Part A question bank without/with need for justification (NJ/J). LLM outputs were scored according to accuracy, concordance and insight. Results ChatGPT achieved 85.7%/84.3% accuracy for NJ/J encodings. Bard achieved 64%/64.3% accuracy for NJ/J encodings. ChatGPT and Bard displayed high levels of concordance for NJ (95.3%; 81.7%) and J (93.7%; 79.7%) encodings, respectively. ChatGPT and Bard provided an insightful statement in >98% and >86% outputs, respectively. Discussion This study demonstrates that ChatGPT achieves passing-level accuracy at MRCS Part A, and both LLMs achieve high concordance and provide insightful responses to test questions. Instances of clinically inappropriate or inaccurate decision-making, incomplete appreciation of nuanced clinical scenarios and utilisation of out-of-date guidance was, however, noted. LLMs are accessible and time-efficient tools, access vast clinical knowledge, and may reduce the emphasis on factual recall in medical education and assessment. Conclusion ChatGPT achieves passing-level accuracy for MRCS Part A with concordant and insightful outputs. Future applications of LLMs in healthcare must be cautious of hallucinations and incorrect reasoning but have the potential to develop AI-supported clinicians.
Evaluation of outcomes and utility of abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance in octogenarians and nonagenarians
Authors: Nasir IT , Shoab SS , Bani-Hani MG 
Published: December 2023

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of our regional abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening programme in octogenarians and nonagenarians. This was to help decide whether discontinuation might be appropriate in certain instances. Primary outcomes were the number of patients who reached threshold (5.5cm) and the number where intervention was offered. Secondary outcome was cost effectiveness. Methods A retrospective review of a regional AAA surveillance database was carried out to evaluate outcomes. Data collected included patient age, sex, date of first and last scan, initial and latest size of aneurysm, outcome, time under surveillance and total number of scans. Patients were divided into three groups (80–84 years, 85–89 years and 90+ years). Results The number of patients in this age group was 354. Only 2.0% (n=7) of patients underwent intervention. Threshold size was achieved in 8.3% (n=18), 14.8% (n=18) and 26.7% (n=4), in the age groups 80–84 years, 85–89 years and 90+ years, respectively. Of these patients, operative intervention was possible in 2.8% (n=6), 0.8% (n=1) and 0% (n=0), respectively. Conclusion A relatively small number of octogenarians and nonagenarians reach the threshold size during surveillance. An even smaller proportion require repair of their aneurysm. While there may be a role for AAA surveillance in octogenarians in highly selected groups, these data should inform the discussions made with individual patients. It should also inform future evaluation of such surveillance.
Optimizing Neural Networks for Academic Performance Classification Using Feature Selection and Resampling Approach
Authors: Supriyadi Didi , Purwanto Purwanto , Warsito Budi 
Published: December 2023

The features present in large datasets significantly affect the performance of machine learning models. Redundant and irrelevant features will be rejected and cause a decrease in machine learning model performance. This paper proposes HyFeS-ROS-ANN: Hybrid Feature Selection and Resampling combination method for binary classification using artificial neural network multilayer perceptron (MLP). The first stage of this approach is to use a combination of two feature selection methods to select essential features that are highly correlated with model performance. The second stage of this approach is to use a combination of resampling methods to handle unbalanced data classes. Both approaches are applied to the academic performance classification model using the MLP neural network. This research dataset is obtained using three-dimensional (3D) frameworks such as the Big Five Personality to determine the Personality that affects academic performance from the student dimension, the Family Influence Scale (FIS), which measures factors that affect academic performance from the family dimension, and Higher Education Institutions Service Quality (HEISQUAL) to measure service quality and its influence on academic performance from the Education institution dimension. Previous research shows that the CoR-ANN algorithm has a model accuracy rate of 94%. The research results based on the dataset show that our proposed method can improve accuracy by selecting more relevant and essential features in improving model performance. The results show that the features are reduced from 135 to 108, while the HyFS-ROS-ANN model for binary classification accuracy increases to 100%.
Mixed-mode-state control of photonic-crystal lasers under CW operation
Authors: Izumi Koki , De Zoysa Menaka , Nakagawa Yuichiro , Gyoja Naoki , Inoue Takuya , Katsuno Shumpei , Sakata Ryoichi , Ishizaki Kenji , Yoshida Masahiro , Gelleta John , Hatsuda Ranko , Noda Susumu 
Published: December 2023

Mixed-mode-state control of lasers under continuous-wave (CW) operation, where multi-physics interactions among carriers, photons, and heat are involved, is important for realizing desired lasing characteristics, as well as for dynamic control of lasers. In this paper, we demonstrate mixed-mode-state control of a photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) under CW operation by manipulating its current injection distribution. To control the current injection distribution, we introduce a multiple-electrode matrix into the p-side of the PCSEL, and we bond the PCSEL to a heatsink in the p-side-down-configuration to dissipate heat while also enabling current injection via each p-side electrode. Furthermore, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) to correlate the current distributions and the far-field patterns (FFPs) corresponding to the mode states, and to predict the current distributions necessary to obtain targeted FFPs. FFPs resembling the targeted ones with high fidelity (90%) are obtained by using the constructed CNN. These results lead to the realization of next-generation smart CW lasers capable of mixed-mode-state control even in a dynamic environment, which are essential for applications such as advanced material processing and even aerospace.
Photonic engineering of InP towards homoepitaxial short-wavelength infrared VCSELs
Authors: Li Bingjun , Mi Chenziyi , Kang Jin-Ho , Li Hao , Elafandy Rami T. , Lai Wei-Chih , Sheu Jinn-Kong , Han Jung 
Published: December 2023

Many emerging opportunities, such as three-dimensional (3D) sensing,
biophotonics, and optical data links, call for vertical cavity
surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) that operate in the short-wavelength
infrared (SWIR) range. In this paper, we report the use of InP
distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors to overcome an impasse in
wafer-level mass production of SWIR VCSELs. The DBRs were based on
homoepitaxial InP structures and selectively converted through
electrochemistry into quarter-wavelength stack structures of
alternating nanoporous (NP) and nonporous InP layers with a record
index contrast (Δn∼1.0) and near-unity reflectivity. We
demonstrated VCSEL operation at both 1380 and 1550 nm from two
separate structures prepared on InP substrates using NP–InP DBRs as
the bottom mirror and dielectric DBRs as the top mirror. Room
temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of SWIR VCSELs was
successfully achieved at both wavelengths with a threshold current
density below 2kA/cm2, greater than milliwatt optical
output, and a peak power conversion efficiency of 17%. Our work
provides strong evidence that the decades-old challenge, in preparing
an InP-compatible, high-performance DBR to support the SWIR-emitting
vertical cavity, has been addressed and is poised to enable new
applications.