bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of local plastic deformation on thermo-magnetic instability of high-J
c Nb3Sn strand
Authors: Liu Yunhao , Wu Yu , Nijhuis Arend , Guo Zichuan , Shi Yi , Liu Fang , Zhu Lina , Dai Chao , Shin Iksang , Sim Kihong , Qin Jinggang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The future fusion reactor devices built by Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science will be a compact burning plasma facility to fill the gap between ITER and the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, with the mission of studying the deuterium–tritium plasma in steady-state operation. The winding-package (WP) of its toroidal field coil is graded into high-field WP and low-field WP, and the high critical current density (J
c) Nb3Sn strand will be applied to the high-field WP based on the current design. The thermo-magnetic instability is the main issue in the application of high-J
c Nb3Sn strand, which may induce premature quenching in the low field regions. This issue can be improved by reducing the effective filament diameter (d
eff) to suppress flux jumps and increasing the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) to enhance the release of heat generated by flux jumps. However, in the conductor manufacturing process, local plastic deformations (indentation) of strands can impact the sub-element layout and degrade the RRR of the strand, which would increase again the risk on instability. In this study, magnetization measurements and V–I tests were performed on samples with different indentation depths. The hysteresis loss and d
eff of the indented sample was obtained from the test results. The impact of local plastic deformation on the thermo-magnetic instability of two types of Nb3Sn strand was confirmed by cross-sectional metallographic observation and quantitative microstructure analysis. It was shown that flux jumps were suppressed at indentation depths below 0.3 mm. Further indentation increase leads to severe flux jumps.
Topological semimetal phase in non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model
Authors: Li Jia-Jie , Li Jing-Quan , Yan Yu , Cao Ji , Cui Wen-Xue , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong-Fu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We explore the non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with long-range hopping and off-diagonal disorders. In the non-Hermitian clean limit, we find that the phase diagram holds topological semimetal phase with exceptional points except the normal insulator phase and the topological insulator phase. Interestingly, it is found that the topological semimetal phase is induced by long-range nonreciprocal term when the long-range hopping is not equal to the intercell hopping. Especially, we show the existence of topological semimetal phase with exceptional points and determine the transition point analytically and numerically under the Hermitian clean limit when the long-range hopping is equal to the intercell hopping. Furthermore, we also investigate the effects of the disorders on topological semimetal phase, and show that the disorders can enhance the region of topological semimetal phase in contrast to the case of non-Hermitian clean limit, indicating that it is beneficial to topological semimetal phase whether there is one disorder or two disorders in the system, that is, the topological semimetal phase is stable against the disorders in this one-dimensional non-Hermitian system. Our work provides an alternative avenue for studying topological semimetal phase in non-Hermitian lattice systems.
Terahertz tuning by core-shell nanoparticles irradiated by skew-cosh Gaussian lasers
Authors: Punia Tamanna , Malik Hitendra K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Choosing two skew-cosh Gaussian beams, an analytical investigation of a medium having spherical and cylindrical core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) is performed for the generation of tunable terahertz (THz) radiation. The core of the NPs is considered to be made up of silica which is concentrically wrapped by the graphite shell. The basal planes of NPs / graphite are taken to be in parallel or perpendicular direction with the lasers electric field. In this phenomenon, the incident beams provide nonlinear velocity to the electron cloud of the NPs, leading to a nonlinear current and hence the THz emission. After obtaining an expression of nonlinear current, the THz field is calculated making use of Maxwell’s equations along with the effective permittivity governed by the radii of core and shell of the NPs. Tunable THz radiations are obtained by judiciously varying the radii of core and shell. In order to tune the focus of radiation, the resonance peaks can be made to shift towards higher frequencies, i.e., 10.4 THz and 49.4 THz, depending on the longitudinal and transverse plasmon resonances, respectively. The parameters of laser beams and NPs can be exploited for achieving efficient THz radiation.
Quantum secure ranking based on quantum walks
Authors: Joseph Justin , Ali Syed Taqi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose a quantum secure multiparty multidata ranking (QSMMR) protocol based on quantum walks. Our protocol improves the traditional anonymous ranking protocol to secure ranking, where we ensure the confidentiality of the data. A quantum anonymous ranking protocol exposes all participants’ data, which is not ideal for practical scenarios such as personal wealth and health indexes. Hence, we propose the first quantum secure ranking protocol with semi-honest TP, that generates ranking for multiple data of multiple participants by keeping data completely secure. We use quantum resources to assign a random address to all participants, to perform comparison, and for the eavesdropper detection. Finally, we analyze and prove the security of the protocol.
Study of polarization for even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in SU(4) Graphene
Authors: Indra Moumita , Majumder Dwipesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We have focused on studying the even-denominator fractional quantum Hall (EDFQH) states observed in monolayer graphene. In this article, we have studied polarization mainly for the two EDFQH states at filling fractions ν = 1/2, 1/4, which are observed in an experimental study [Nat. Phys. 14, 930 (2018)] a few years ago. We have applied Chern-Simon’s gauge field theory to explain the possible variational wave functions for different polarized states and calculated their ground state energies using the Coulomb potential. We have chosen the lowest energy states using suitable combinations of attached flux quanta to the electrons for different polarized states of those EDFQH states.
On the solution of multi-term time fractional diffusion-wave equation involving ultra-hyperbolic operator
Authors: Javed Sehrish , Malik Salman A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A diffusion-wave equation with multi-term Hilfer fractional derivatives (HFDs) in time and ultra-hyperbolic operator (UHO) in space has been considered. Fundamental solution of the fractional diffusion-wave equation is obtained by using Laplace and Fourier transform with Mellin-Barnes integral representation. The solution obtained involved the Fox H-function. In addition, we provide some special cases of diffusion-wave equation.
Infrared plasmonic refractive index sensor utilizing 2D grating of nano-bowtie particles for both gas and liquid
Authors: Wang Xiangxian , Rao Xijun , Zhu Jiankai , Chen Yizhen , Qi Yunping , Tang Chaojun , Yang Hua 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We propose a plasmonic structure that can be used for refractive index sensing with different analytes in the same wavelength-domain. A two-dimensional (2D) grating composed of nano-bowtie particles is used as the optical momentum coupling structure. The double-period feature of the 2D grating makes the structure have two excitation approaches with different polarization directions of incident light. The physical mechanisms of the plasmonic structure are revealed in detail by theoretical analysis and finite-difference time-domain method. The simulation results show that the structure can achieve a gas sensing sensitivity of 1235 nm/RIU and a liquid sensing sensitivity of 950 nm/RIU in the same wavelength-domain from 1200 nm to 1400 nm. This structure can be widely used in the field of gas or liquid biochemistry due to its simple geometry and competitive sensing performance.
Structure-preserving algorithms for guiding center dynamics based on the slow manifold of classical Pauli particle
Authors: ZHANG 张 Ruohan 若涵 , WANG 王 Zhengxiong 正汹 , XIAO 肖 Jianyuan 建元 , WANG 王 Feng 丰 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The classical Pauli particle (CPP) serves as a slow manifold, substituting the conventional guiding center dynamics. Based on the CPP, we utilize the averaged vector field (AVF) method in the computations of drift orbits. Demonstrating significantly higher efficiency, this advanced method is capable of accomplishing the simulation in less than one-third of the time of directly computing the guiding center motion. In contrast to the CPP-based Boris algorithm, this approach inherits the advantages of the AVF method, yielding stable trajectories even achieved with a tenfold time step and reducing the energy error by two orders of magnitude. By comparing these two CPP algorithms with the traditional RK4 method, the numerical results indicate a remarkable performance in terms of both the computational efficiency and error elimination. Moreover, we verify the properties of slow manifold integrators and successfully observe the bounce on both sides of the limiting slow manifold with deliberately chosen perturbed initial conditions. To evaluate the practical value of the methods, we conduct simulations in non-axisymmetric perturbation magnetic fields as part of the experiments, demonstrating that our CPP-based AVF method can handle simulations under complex magnetic field configurations with high accuracy, which the CPP-based Boris algorithm lacks. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the CPP can replace guiding center dynamics in using energy-preserving algorithms for computations, providing a new, efficient, as well as stable approach for applying structure-preserving algorithms in plasma simulations.
Clinical value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in primary staging of patients with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Ali Ismail , Rezk Mahmoud , Hamouda Dalia , Talaat Omnia , Omar Yehia , Abdel Tawab Mohamed , Nasr Ibrahim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the utility of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI in initial staging of intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa).

Methods
A total of 46 patients with pathologically verified intermediate and/or HRPCa who underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI with dedicated pelvic high-resolution multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) were included.

Results
PET/MRI showed 100% sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy in detecting seminal vesicle (SV) and rectal invasion, versus 87.5%, 100%, 100% 93.8%, 95.7% and 50%, 100%,100%, 95.5%, and 95.7% for mpMRI respectively. However, PET/MRI had poor SN (40% and 0%) but high SP (94.4% and 100%) in detection of UB and neurovascular bundle (NV) invasion compared to 100% SN and SP for mpMRI. PET/MRI demonstrated stronger TNM staging agreement with the gold standard than mpMRI-WBMRI. It demonstrated concordance with T, N, and M stages in 40, 41, and 36 patients (k 0.84, 0.60, and 0.68, respectively) versus 29, 33, and 31 patients (k 0.54, 0.22, and 0.50) with accurate over all staging of 38/46 patients versus 30/46 patients (K 0.52 versus 0.22).

Conclusion
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI is a promising imaging modality with high diagnostic accuracy in staging intermediate- and HRPCa; it improves local tumour evaluation and provides precise TNM staging.

Advances in knowledge
18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI could have high diagnostic accuracy as shown in the current study for staging HRPCa patients that is crucial for treatment selection. We think that our study will contribute to the body of knowledge and improve the literature surrounding the clinical uses of integrated 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MRI.
The effect of Huntington’s disease on cognitive and physical motivation
Authors: Atkins Kelly J , Andrews Sophie C , Stout Julie C , Chong Trevor T J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Apathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric features of Huntington’s disease. A hallmark of apathy is diminished goal-directed behaviour, which is characterized by a lower motivation to engage in cognitively or physically effortful actions. However, it remains unclear whether this reduction in goal-directed behaviour is driven primarily by a motivational deficit and/or is secondary to the progressive cognitive and physical deficits that accompany more advanced disease.
We addressed this question by testing 17 individuals with manifest Huntington’s disease and 22 age-matched controls on an effort-based decision-making paradigm. Participants were first trained on separate cognitively and physically effortful tasks and provided explicit feedback about their performance. Next, they chose on separate trials how much effort they were willing to exert in each domain in return for varying reward. At the conclusion of the experiment, participants were asked to rate their subjective perception of task load.
In the cognitive task, the Huntington’s disease group were more averse to cognitive effort than controls. Although the Huntington’s disease group were more impaired than controls on the task itself, their greater aversion to cognitive effort persisted even after controlling for task performance. This suggests that the lower levels of cognitive motivation in the Huntington’s disease group relative to controls was most likely driven by a primary motivational deficit. In contrast, both groups expressed a similar preference for physical effort. Importantly, the similar levels of physical motivation across both groups occurred even though participants with Huntington’s disease performed objectively worse than controls on the physical effort task, and were aware of their performance through explicit feedback on each trial. This indicates that the seemingly preserved level of physical motivation in Huntington’s disease was driven by a willingness to engage in physically effortful actions despite a reduced capacity to do so. Finally, the Huntington’s disease group provided higher ratings of subjective task demand than controls for the cognitive (but not physical) effort task and when assessing the mental (but not the physical) load of each task.
Together, these results revealed a dissociation in cognitive and physical motivation deficits between Huntington’s disease and controls, which were accompanied by differences in how effort was subjectively perceived by the two groups. This highlights that motivation is the final manifestation of a complex set of mechanisms involved in effort processing, which are separable across different domains of behaviour. These findings have important clinical implications for the day-to-day management of apathy in Huntington’s disease.
Long-term outcomes after non-curative endoscopic resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma followed by additional chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cho Hourin , Abe Seiichiro , Nonaka Satoru , Suzuki Haruhisa , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Okuma Kae , Yamamoto Shun , Daiko Hiroyuki , Kato Ken , Sekine Shigeki , Boku Narikazu , Saito Yutaka 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Endoscopic resection (ER) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is evaluated pathologically, and additional treatment is recommended for cases resulting in non-curative resection, defined as pMM with lymphovascular invasion (LVI), pSM, or positive vertical margin. This study aimed to assess long-term outcomes and risk factors for recurrence in patients with ESCC treated with non-curative ER followed by additional chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We retrospectively reviewed the clinical courses of patients who underwent non-curative ER followed by additional CRT for ESCCs between August 2007 and December 2017. Recurrence rates and risk factors for recurrence were analyzed. Among 97 patients with non-curative ER, 73 underwent additional CRT. With a median follow-up period of 71 months, recurrences were observed in 10 (14%) of 73 patients, with a median interval of 24.5 (1–59 months). The 3- and 5-year recurrence-free survival were 89 and 85%, respectively, and the 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 96 and 91%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphatic invasion was an independent risk factor for recurrence in patients with non-curative ESCC receiving additional CRT. Among the 10 patients with recurrence, 4, 3, 2, and 1 underwent surgery, chemotherapy, supportive care, and CRT, respectively. Notably, all four patients who underwent surgery survived, regardless of regional and/or distant lymph node metastasis. Lymphatic invasion is an independent risk factor for the recurrence of non-curative ESCCs. Careful follow-up is required for at least 5 years after ER with additional CRT.
OP23 Guselkumab induction restores intestinal immune homeostasis and promotes epithelial repair in moderately to severely active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sridhar S , Hart A , Venkat S , Ruane D , Horowitz D , Lee T , Waterworth D , Huang K H G , Germinaro M , Vetter M , Cua D , Freeman T C , Sisk C , McRae B , Verstockt B , Rubin D T , Sands B E , Branigan P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Selective inhibition of interleukin-23 (IL-23) through antagonism of the IL-23p19 subunit has demonstrated clinical efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease, but the mechanism of action (MoA) has not been fully defined. Here we provide a detailed evaluation of the cellular and molecular MoA of guselkumab (GUS), an IL-23p19 subunit antagonist, in patients (pts) with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) from the QUASAR Phase 2b induction study (NCT04033445).

Methods
Serum proteins were evaluated from 302 pts treated with intravenous GUS induction therapy or placebo (PBO) who had at least one paired sample at Weeks (WK) 0 and 4 or WK12. Matched colonic biopsies at WK0 and 12 were available for 255 pts. Transcriptional profiling was performed with bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Transcriptional modules derived from public UC single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) were evaluated with differential expression in the bulk RNAseq dataset. Flow cytometry and scRNAseq were performed on a subset of matched WK0 and WK12 cryopreserved biopsies from 60 pts.

Results
Both GUS induction doses were effective vs PBO in achieving key endpoints including clinical remission, endoscopic and histologic outcomes. GUS reduced serum IL-22, IFNγ and IL-17A (p&lt;1e-05) as early as WK4, which further declined through WK12. Unsupervised analysis of tissue transcriptomic modules (n=69) revealed 57 that were significantly changed with GUS at WK12. The top 6 downregulated modules represented Th17 cell (IL-23 pathway), neutrophil, IFNγ signaling, plasma cell and inflammatory epithelial and fibroblast cell states, while modules associated with epithelial cell populations and metabolism were upregulated (all false discovery rate [FDR]&lt;0.05). Fc-γ receptor (CD64) expression was increased at baseline in all patients and reduced at WK12. Flow cytometry demonstrated reductions of CD45+ lymphocyte and CD66+ granulocyte populations (p&lt;0.01). Parallel scRNAseq showed a reduction of inflammatory monocytes and fibroblasts in GUS responders at WK12 while pro-healing indicators were observed at WK12 including an increase in EpCam+ cells, BEST4+ enterocytes, and ADAMDEC1+ fibroblasts (p&lt;0.01). Module analysis indicated an increase in goblet cells (FDR&lt;0.05) which play a role in barrier integrity.

Conclusion
GUS induction restored intestinal immune homeostasis in pts with UC who achieved key endpoints at WK12, demonstrated by resolution of inflammation associated with the IL-23 pathway and inflammatory myeloid, epithelial and fibroblast transcriptional states. GUS also promoted epithelial repair as evidenced by increases in epithelial cell population, consistent with endoscopic and histologic outcomes at WK12.
OP35 Efficacy of mirikizumab in comparison to ustekinumab in patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease: Results from the phase 3 VIVID 1 study
Authors: Jairath V , Sands B E , Bossuyt P , Farraye F , Ferrante M , Hisamatsu T , Kaser A , Kierkus J , Laharie D , Reinisch W , Siegmund B , Bragg S M , Hon E , Lin Z , Ugolini Lopes M , Morris N , Protic M , Danese S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The primary objective of the VIVID-1 trial (NCT03926130) was to demonstrate efficacy and safety of mirikizumab (miri), a p19-directed anti-IL-23 antibody, compared to placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease. Miri demonstrated statistically significant improvements in co-primary and all key secondary endpoints versus (vs) PBO1. Here we present the results of secondary endpoints on the comparisons of miri to ustekinumab (uste), a p40 directed anti-IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor from the Phase 3, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, active- and PBO-controlled, treat-through (TT) study, VIVID-1 (NCT03926130).

Methods
Adult pts (N=1065) were randomised 6:3:2 to miri (N=579) 900mg intravenously (IV) every 4 weeks (Q4W) to W12, then 300mg subcutaneously (SC) Q4W to W52, uste (N=287) one ~6 mg/kg IV dose, then 90mg SC Q8W to W52 or PBO (N=199). At W12 PBO responders continued PBO to W52; PBO non-responders received the same blinded miri regimen as described above (IV then SC). Efficacy of miri vs uste was assessed by the proportion of pts achieving endoscopic response and by the proportion of pts achieving clinical remission by Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) at W52 (both gated). Additional non-multiplicity-adjusted endpoints included endoscopic remission, corticosteroid-free clinical remission by CDAI, and the composite of CDAI clinical remission and endoscopic response at W52. (Figure 1 for definitions).

Results
Baseline characteristics were overall balanced across the three treatment groups (table 1). Pts treated with miri achieved all key major secondary endpoints (p&lt;.000001) compared to PBO (Figure 1). Miri achieved non-inferiority to uste for clinical remission by CDAI (p=0.113117) (Figure 1C). Although superiority to uste in endoscopic response was not achieved (p=0.51) (Figure 1A), in biologic failed pts miri demonstrated a numerical trend towards greater response rates compared to uste for endoscopic response and clinical remission by CDAI (Figure 1 B & D). The overall safety profile was consistent with the known safety profile of miri. The proportion of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) were similar for miri (78.6%) and uste (77.3%); most common TEAEs were COVID-19, anaemia, arthralgia, headache, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis and injection site reaction. Instances of serious adverse events were comparable for miri (10.3%) and uste (10.7%).

Conclusion
In this phase 3 TT design study, miri achieved non-inferiority to uste for clinical remission by CDAI. In biologic failed pts miri had a numerical trend towards greater response compared to uste in clinical and endoscopic endpoints, with an acceptable safety profile.
1Ferrante et al., submitted to ECCO 2024