bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis in Northeastern part of India: Case–control study
Authors: Kumar Sudesh , Bhattacharya Piyali , Kaur Simranjit , Ray Prajna , Chattopadhyay Nandita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sepsis, the second most common cause of neonatal mortality, causes more than one million deaths annually. India has the highest incidence of clinical sepsis (17000/100000 live birth).

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the risk factors and organisms of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India.

Materials and Methods:
It was a case–control study conducted in the neonatal unit of MGM Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar, from January 2022 to April 2023. All neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 72 hours of life constituted the study population. Neonates diagnosed as EONS by clinical and laboratory parameters were considered as cases and those not diagnosed for EONS as controls. Maternal and newborn information and laboratory parameters were collected and analyzed. For risk factor identification, the bivariate logistic regression was used.

Result:
An equal number of cases (78) and control (78) were enrolled in the study. Maternal age >30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.017, confidence interval [CI]: 1.238 to 7.352; P < 0.015), maternal urinary tract infection (UTI) in the third trimester (aOR = 5.435, CI: 2.647 to 11.158; P < 0.0001), and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (aOR = 2.918, CI: 4.61 to 33.73, P < 0.004) were significant predictors of EONS. Pseudomonas (41.02%), Klebsiella (16.66%), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (20.51%) were commonly isolated organisms, which were highly resistant to cephalosporin, meropenem, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

Conclusion:
Proper and adequate antenatal screening for diagnosis and treatment of maternal infection and high-risk pregnancies for perinatal management of newborn is recommended to prevent neonatal sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. Rational use of antibiotics may minimize the hazard of antibiotic resistance.
Acceptability and effect of ShishuPoshan mHealth application on knowledge, attitudes and practice of breastfeeding among primi mothers availing postnatal care at a rural tertiary hospital
Authors: Jaiswal Shashwat , Baviskar Mandar Padmakar , Potdar Priyanka Prakash , Kamble Motiram , Pundkar Rutuja , Muneshwar Sujata , Deshpande Ajit , Bangal Vidyadhar , Phalke Deepak B. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
ShishuPoshan is a free Android application for mothers that provides scientific guidance on breastfeeding and baby care issues in the local language. We aimed to assess its effect and acceptability in primi mothers in a rural area of Maharashtra, India.

Material and Methods:
A before and after study was conducted in 50 primi mothers to study the acceptability and effect of ShishuPoshan mHealth application on knowledge, attitude and practice about breastfeeding in primi mothers in a rural tertiary care hospital.

Results:
Most participants (84%) downloaded the application, and 60% used it regularly. Major reason for not using the app was discomfort with mobile phone (7%) and not having anyone to read the content in the house (7%). The application was easy to use by 48%, and 10% did not find time to use it. Enablers were regional language, easy-to-understand content, simple interface, and frequently asked question (FAQ) format to give information. Barriers to adoption were that women preferred tips from family members, were uncomfortable with mobile phones, and did not have anyone to help them use them.

Conclusion:
It successfully delivered key messages like exclusive breastfeeding, colostrum use, proper maternal nutrition, and demand to feed, but it needs to further emphasise early initiation of feeding. Incorporation of feedback like adding videos, myth busters, and making app more interactive may further improve its effectiveness. mHealth interventions like ShishuPoshan are promising modalities for the dissemination of appropriate information.
Level of physical activity among adolescents in Ernakulam District, Kerala: A cross-sectional study
Authors: George Leyanna S. , Jacob Arun , Mohandas K. Sreelakshmi , Ali Hyfa M. , Mathew Minu M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
For children aged 5–17 years, WHO recommends moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity for at least 60 minutes daily which would account for 420 minutes of physical activity per week regardless of working days or holidays. With the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Kerala, this study aimed to assess the level of physical activity among high school students in Ernakulam District, Kerala.

Materials and Methods:
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among ninth and tenth standard students of two randomly selected schools in Ernakulam District. A total of 303 children were recruited for the study. Consent rate and response rate of the study were 100%. A structured questionnaire adapted from MRC-CPAQ (Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire) was used to collect the data.

Results:
The study revealed that out of 303 students, 72.9% were < 15 years, 77% were males, and 59% were urban residents. More than 70% of the participants were actively involved in physical activity of moderate-to-vigorous intensity. Males, in the age group of 15 years and above, having a separate play area, and those with no siblings were found to have significantly higher levels of physical activity.

Conclusion:
The study was able to identify a positive trend for physical activity among adolescents. Town planning and building of play areas are essential to develop and retain the habit of physical activity among adolescents.
A Case Series on Psychoimmunological Exploration of Psychogenic Purpura – An Enigmatic Psychosomatic Condition
Authors: Ray Anindya Kumar , Mitra Saikat , Bose Debdas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Psychogenic purpura is a rare but interesting psychosomatic condition where there are transient dermatohematological manifestations in response to antecedent psychological disturbances most commonly depression, whose pathophysiology is still an enigma. The objective of this case series is finding out the missing link between antecedent psychological disturbances and resultant purpura through psychoimmunologic exploration. In all four cases, patients were female, aged between third–fifth decade with depression being the common diagnosis, where transient painful bruising appeared only during antecedent stressful conditions. Immune-cytokine work-up in all the patients showed type 1/type 2 cytokine shift during bruises. With psychiatric treatment, there was not only improvement in depression and bruises, cytokine alterations were also normalized. Rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines with type 1/type 2 shift during stresses may cause these bruises by increasing the vascular permeability.
Study of Attitude toward Psychotropic Medications among the Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Patel Vishal Kanaiyalal , Patel Falguni Babubhai , Kumar Parveen , Mehta Hemil , Tiwari Deepak Sachidanand 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Misconceptions about psychotropic medicines would compromise the treatment of medical students with psychiatric illnesses.

Aims:
This study aims to estimate attitude of medical students toward psychotropic medicines.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional and observational study carried out among the undergraduate medical students over the period of 5 months. Participants were informed before interactive session for the maximum attendance. Self-report attitude toward psychotropic medications questionnaire was used to measure the attitude of medical students toward psychotropic medicines. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Pearson correlation test were used to find the variables association with the attitude toward psychotropic medications questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 500 participants completed the pro forma. The mean age of the participant was 20.34 ± 1.12. Out of them, 39.2% were male and 60.8% were female. Although many medical students believed psychotropic medicines would be a better treatment option and positive attitude toward taking prescribed dose of medication, they were ambivalent toward efficacy and tolerability of medications. Being male, from rural domicile, and living in a joint family significantly reported a negative attitude toward psychotropic medicines.

Conclusions:
Medical students significantly reported ambivalent attitude toward efficacy and tolerability of psychotropic medicines. Workshop on myths related to psychiatric illness and psychotropic medicines should be organized to correct their negative belief.
Models of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: A Scoping Review
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Naskar Chandrima 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) is a subspecialty of clinical psychiatry that includes clinical, teaching, and research activities of psychiatrists and allied mental health professionals in the nonpsychiatric divisions of a general hospital. The development of C-L psychiatry began slowly in the early 20th century (1900–1930s), when psychiatric treatment started moving from mental hospital setting to a general hospital setting. Since then, it has evolved significantly as a subspecialty, and, over the years, various models and approaches towards consultation and liaison with other departments have been proposed by different authors. In this scoping review, we attempt to understand the path of evolution of CLP, the various models that have been proposed over the years, and the available evidence for their efficacy and utility. Though many studies have been done regarding the various approaches towards CLP, much more robust, longitudinal research focussed on the impact of the various models of service and their interconnections need to be undertaken.
Psychiatric Presentation of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sawant Neena S. , Rathod Anuradha , Kokkalki Rohini , Pawar Neil 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare disease seen more frequently in children although cases of adult onset have also been described. There are very few cases of SSPE in pregnancy and most have been diagnosed on autopsy. It is a debilitating condition usually resulting in death within 1–3 years. Due to its etiology and presenting features which occur 6–8 years after measles infection, SSPE often gets misdiagnosed or remains undiagnosed. We describe a case of SSPE in pregnancy who presented with psychiatric manifestations 7 days postpartum, and was treated as a case of postpartum psychosis. Her presenting neurological symptoms of confusion, ocular symptoms, and rigidity were masked by the behavioral component due to which the diagnosis of SSPE was a distant thought.
To Study the Correlation Between Perceived Stress, Insomnia Severity Index, and Cognitive Function Levels of Elderly Diabetic Individuals Attending the Diabetic Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Banerjee Sumitaksha , Chaudhuri Arunima 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The link between perceived stress, insomnia, and dementia in diabetic patients can provide new insights into understanding the causes of dementia and developing more effective treatment strategies.

Objectives:
To estimate the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, and cognitive function levels by Revising Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Scale and to correlate and compare them with patients of normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methodology:
The cross-sectional study was conducted after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from 150 participants. The diabetic elderly patients attending the diabetic clinic were interviewed and MMSE, ISI, PSS, and HDS-R scores were evaluated.

Results:
Elderly diabetic patients with MCI had higher levels of stress and insomnia compared to those with normal cognitive function. The PSS and ISI scores for the MCI group were 22.4 ± 6.99 and 14.43 ± 5.29, respectively, whereas the scores for the normal group were 17.1 ± 4.54 and 9.05 ± 4.16. Both PSS and ISI scores were found to be negatively correlated to HDS-R scores. Increases in age, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and Hb1c levels were found to be significant factors for the development of dementia.

Conclusion:
Elderly diabetic patients with MCI had higher levels of stress scores and ISI as compared to those with normal cognitive functions. Stress scores and insomnia severity scores were negatively correlated with cognitive function.
Functional Outcome of Intra-articular Distal Radius Fractures Treated with Volar Variable Angled Locking Compression Plate at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Lal Jaya Vaishnavi , Krishnan Rinju , George Akhshay John , Krishnamurthy Sunil Laxmipura , Pilar Anoop , Amaravathi Rajkumar S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context:
Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most prevalent fractures involving the upper extremity, accounting for nearly 18% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons. Although numerous treatments have been established for the management of DRF, the “gold standard” treatment for intra-articular DRF is still debated.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the functional and radiological outcome of intra-articular DRF treated with volar variable angled locking compression plate (LCP) at a tertiary care center with a follow-up of 2 years.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods:
Thirty patients with intra-articular DRF who underwent volar variable angled LCP stabilization were included in the study and followed up for 2 years after surgery. Three-column classification was used to classify the included individuals. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were utilized to assess the functional outcome. The follow-up radiographs were analyzed using the Batra anatomical score.

Statistical Analysis Used:
IBM SPSS (Version 20.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Thirty patients with a mean age of 44 years (34–59 years) were included in the study. Eighteen individuals had all three columns affected and 12 had two-columnar intra-articular DRF. At 2-year follow-up, the median QuickDASH Score was 2.3, MMWS was 85, VAS was 1, and the median Batra score was 90. Handgrip of the operated limb was comparable to the uninjured limb.

Conclusions:
Volar variable angled LCPs restore the articular architecture allowing for an excellent range of motion, good grip strength, and early functional mobility with minimal complications. Hence, LCPs appear to be superior to existing treatment techniques for DRF.
A Case Series of Repair Using a Cost-effective Suture Anchor for Upper Limb Surgeries
Authors: Kamath B. N. Jagannath , Nayak U. Keerthan Ranga. , Kamath Ramachandra K. , Thaleppady Megha , Rajasekaran Pranav , Singh Aayush 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to focus on various cases which were operated using an affordable suture anchor for soft-tissue bone repairs of upper limb surgeries in our series of patients.

Study Design:
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen patients with minimum 1-year follow-up after various upper limb surgeries using modified suture anchor were assessed both clinically and radiographically. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of pain. We used the disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) to assess the functional outcome.

Results:
VAS score improved from 5.39 ± 1.85 at 1-month postoperative period to 0.45 ± 0.51 at 12 months (P < 0.05). DASH score improved from 47 ± 18.99 at 1-month postoperative period to 8.89 ± 4.98 at 12 months (P < 0.05). There was no incidence of breakage of suture material or loosening of the implant seen during the insertion. There were no complications related to the implant noted.

Conclusion:
Clinical failures did not occur in this group of 18 patients undergoing repair using modified suture anchor. Following soft tissue-to-bone fixation, patients showed excellent short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes. This innovative method is quick, simple, inexpensive, repeatable, and saves time by transforming a basic screw and suture material into an effective suture anchor.
Fracture Dislocation in the Cervical Spine – A Case Series Analysis of 32 Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Pillai Suresh S. , Arjun K. , Raj Amal , Joseph Nikhil Tom 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Complex cervical spine injuries result from road traffic accidents, fall from height, diving in the swimming pool, fall along with the ladder etc. This is a major cause of disability, morbidity and mortality and dependence. Most of these injuries are preventable by proper care, social reforms, teaching civic sense to students at an early age, adoption of safety measures while climbing heights, enforcement of traffic rules, building up of infrastructure, educating the people and mandatory emergency room service for the offenders. Fracture dislocations of the cervical spine mostly flexion distraction injuries. Dislocations can range from perched facets, unilateral facet dislocations to bilateral facet dislocations and spondyloptosis. These result in varying degrees of neurological deficit. The recovery of these patients depend on the initial magnitude of the injury, the safe transport of the victim to the trauma centre, careful management of the injuries and rehabilitation. Here a case series of 32 patients with varying degrees of fracture dislocations of the cervical spine are analyzed retrospectively.
Zinc Enhancement through Supplementation and Dietary Implementation – Does It Affect Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?
Authors: Sahni Nancy , Rathi Manish 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients might be zinc deficient due to compromised nutritional intake and dietary protein restrictions; protein foods being rich in zinc. Zinc deficiency might cause increased oxidative stress and consequently reduced antioxidant parameters. Tailored dietary counseling along with zinc supplementation may play a major role in affecting the zinc and antioxidant status of patients.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation and dietary counseling on oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in CKD patients.

Materials and Methods:
185 subjects were enrolled for the study (145 were predialysis patients [Group-1 (Stage-3 CKD) and Group-2 [Stage-4 CKD]) on the basis of Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative CKD stages from 1 to 5; and 40 apparently healthy controls. Zinc supplementation alone (Intervention 1) was given to 50 CKD patients (30 Group-1 and 20 Group-2). Diet counseling (Intervention 2) consisted of 45 patients (25 Group-1; 20 Group-2). 50 patients (30 Group-1 and 20 Group-2) received both zinc supplementations along with diet counseling (Intervention 3). Dietary zinc status, oxidative stress and antioxidants were accessed for all subjects.

Results:
Intervention-1 and 3 groups exhibited highly significant improvement in antioxidant status and lowering of oxidative stress.

Conclusion:
Improving zinc status through dietary counseling and supplementation may help in combating enhanced oxidative stress by improving antioxidant parameters in renal failure patients.
Evaluation of Proteolytic Enzyme on Hemodialysis Patients with Protein–Energy Wasting and Associated Variables
Authors: Joseph K. Merina Elizabeth , Anandhi D. , Abraham Georgi , Shankar Bhuvneshwari , Rajagopal A. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Protein–energy wasting (PEW) is very commonly seen among hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was carried out to estimate the nutrition status of HD patients receiving aminase tablets, a proteolytic enzyme with a high-protein diet, for reducing PEW.

Methods and Materials:
The outpatients who visited the HD unit were nutritionally assessed using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Malnourished patients were selected for the study. Diet advice was given on a high-protein diet as per the standard renal guidelines. They were nutritionally assessed pre- and postsupplementation at 0–6 months gap using SGA, malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), bioelectrical impedance analysis, hand grip dynamometer, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, and total iron-binding capacity. Patients were given proteolytic enzyme 2 capsules daily after food (morning and night) for 6 months and high-protein diet.

Results:
A significant improvement (P < 0.05) was seen in the intracellular water, body cell mass, skeletal muscle mass, and protein mass. An improvement in the mean hand grip strength and mean reduction of CRP, SGA, and MIS scores were observed.

Conclusion:
Proteolytic enzyme along with a high-protein diet could be recommended for better clinical outcomes in dialysis patients.
Speckle Noise Removal from Biomedical MRI Images and Classification by Multi-Support Vector Machine
Authors: Hemalatha B , Karthik B , Krishna Reddy C V 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION: Image Processing (IP) methods play a vital role in medical images for diagnosing and predicting illness, as well as monitoring the patient's progress. The IP methods are utilized in many applications for example in the field of medicine.
OBJECTIVES: The images that are obtained by the MRI magnetic Resonance imaging and x rays are analyzed with the help of image processing.
METHODS: This application is very costly to the patient. Because of the several non-idealities in the image process, medical images are frequently tainted by impulsive, multiplicative, and addictive noise.
RESULTS: By replacing some of the original image's pixels with new ones that have luminance values which are less than the allowed dynamic luminance range, noise frequently affects medical images.
CONCLUSION: In this research work, the Speckle type noises are eliminated with the help of Mean Filter (MF) and classify the images using Multi-SVM classifier. The entire system developed using python programming.