bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial trauma and treatment: a case study from the medieval cemetery of St. Mary Spital, London
Authors: Powers N. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractExcavation of the cemetery of the medieval priory of St. Mary‐without‐Bishopsgate, Spitalfields, London from 1998–2001, recovered the remains of over 10,000 individuals. Following initial assessment, skeleton 19893 was found to have suffered three cranial injuries caused by a sharp edged implement. The remains were those of a middle aged adult male of around 172.4 cm in stature, truncated at the hips by a later feature. The remaining elements were well preserved. The cranial injuries were well healed, suggestive of some degree of post‐traumatic care. Evidence of possible surgery was also found. Soft tissue complications would undoubtedly have followed the assault. Battle related trauma was considered, together with evidence of treatment. Whilst the demographic profile of the individual fitted a plausible one for a professional fighter of the medieval period, no firm evidence of occupation could be provided. The case study indicates both the ability of medieval people to survive major trauma and the wealth of information full analysis of the Spitalfields assemblage will provide the osteological community. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lumican expression is associated with the formation of mesenchyme‐like elements in salivary pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: Kusafuka Kimihide , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Sugisaki Yuichi , Takemura Tamiko , Kusafuka Michi , Hisha Hiroko , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPleomorphic adenomas are the most common salivary gland tumour. Although this tumour is considered to be of epithelial origin, it contains ‘mesenchyme’‐like elements histologically. Lumican is a keratan sulphate proteoglycan that belongs to the small leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) proteoglycans and has been reported to be associated with cartilage formation. These findings suggest that lumican expression may be related to the chondroid component in pleomorphic adenomas. To investigate this hypothesis, the present study investigated the expression and localization of lumican in 20 normal human salivary glands and 35 pleomorphic adenomas. Firstly, immunohistochemistry for lumican was performed with pepsin pretreatment. In normal salivary glands, lumican was deposited in the periductal regions. In pleomorphic adenomas, it was predominantly deposited in the hyaline (100%) and fibrous areas (89.4%). In 16 tumours (66.7%), lumican was also deposited in the chondroid areas. Without pepsin pretreatment, lumican was identified in myoepithelial cells in myxoid areas, lacuna cells in chondroid areas, and in the cytoplasm of inner ductal cells. In situ hybridization revealed lumican mRNA expression mainly in the inner cells, the neoplastic myoepithelial cells, and the lacuna cells. These results suggest that lumican is associated with the formation of ‘mesenchyme’‐like structures in pleomorphic adenomas. In conclusion, normal salivary glands express lumican, which appears to be related to stromal maintenance, and pleomorphic adenomas express lumican mRNA and protein, which may play important roles in the formation of ‘mesenchyme’‐like areas in this type of tumour. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vincristine neuropathy: Neurophysiological and genetic studies in a case of Wilms tumor
Authors: Schiavetti Amalia , Frascarelli Massimo , Uccini Stefania , Novelli Antonio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report a 10‐year‐old female with Wilms tumor (WT) who developed severe neuropathy after the fifth weekly dose of vincristine. The girl was previously asymptomatic and the family history was negative for inherited neuropathies. Neurophysiological studies and electrodiagnostic findings were suggestive of a axonal neuropathy with greater motor than sensory characteristics not typical of Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) Type 1A. Genetic studies were performed in view of the degree of neurotoxicity. Duplication of 17p11.2 was found that supported the diagnosis of CMT Type 1A. The patient is alive without disease and with minimal weakness of the lower extremities after 42 months. Neurophysiological studies, repeated at 8 and 24 months, were negative. Although the association of asymptomatic CMT and vincristine neuropathy has been previously reported, the present case is of note because the reversible neuropathy occurred after five doses of vincristine, suggesting that possible more people suffering vincristine neurotoxicity may have underlying and asymptomatic CMT. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insights into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 response to phenol‐induced stress by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Santos Pedro M. , Benndorf Dirk , Sá‐Correia Isabel 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo gain insight into the global mechanism underlying phenol toxicity and tolerance in bacteria, we have generated a two‐dimensional protein reference map and used it to identify variations in protein expression levels in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 following exposure to sub‐lethal inhibitory concentrations of this solvent. Inspection of the two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis gels revealed that 1 h following sudden cell exposure to two different concentrations of phenol, leading to the inhibition of exponential growth (600 mg/L) or to growth arrest for, at least, 4 h before inhibited growth resumption (800 mg/L), the amount of 68 proteins was increased while the amount of 13 proteins was reduced. The up‐regulated proteins include proteins involved in the: (i) oxidative stress response (AhpC, SodB,Tpx and Dsb); (ii) general stress reponse (UspA, HtpG, GrpE and Tig); (iii) energetic metabolism (AcnB, AtpH, Fpr, AceA, NuoE, and MmsA‐1); (iv) fatty acid biosynthesis (FabB, AccC‐1 and FabBx1); (v) inhibition of cell division (MinD); (vi) cell envelope biosynthesis (LpxC, VacJ, and MurA); (vii) transcription regulation (OmpR and Fur); and (viii) transport of small molecules (TolC, BraC, AotJ, AapJ, FbpA and OprQ). Among the down‐regulated proteins are those involved in nucleotide biosynthesis (PurM, PurL, PyrH and Dcd) and cell motility (FliC). The information emerging from this genome expression profiling and the detailed investigation of the biological role of candidate genes, as targets of phenol toxicity or as determinants of phenol resistance in P. putida KT2440, will allow more rationale strategies for developing bacteria with greater solvent tolerance with impact in bioremediation and whole‐cell biotransformations in media with organic solvents.
Radioresistance‐related proteins in rectal cancer
Authors: Allal Abdelkarim S. , Kähne Thilo , Reverdin Alexandra K. , Lippert Hans , Schlegel Werner , Reymond Marc‐André 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT), combined with chemotherapy, is currently the standard adjuvant approach for UICC‐stage II and III rectal cancer patients. Individual rectal tumors display wide ranges of radiosensitivity (RS). The aim of the present study was to identify proteins associated with radioresistance (RR), with the final aim of predicting tumor response. Seventeen patients were recruited between July 1998 and November 2001. All patients suffered from a locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Tumor biopsies were taken before RT. All patients received preoperatively 50 Gray or a biologically equivalent total dose. Surgery was performed after 6 weeks, and response assessed histopathologically. Seven tumors showed complete response, seven a partial response, and in three patients only microscopic disease remained. Proteins were separated using narrow pH gradient two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Automatic gel comparison allowed matching a mean number of 497 ± 280 spots. Forty‐four spots showing significant differential expression in RR tumors were localized on the pH 4.5–5.5 gels, 33 out of them being identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Twenty‐two out of 37 spots of interest could be identified on the pH 5.5–6.7 gels. The expression of the following proteins correlates with RR: tropomodulin (p = 0.01), heat shock protein 42 (p = 0.03), beta‐tubulin (p = 0.10), annexin V (p = 0.10), calsenilin (p = 0.10), or with radiosensitivity (RS): keratin type I (p = 0.03), notch 2 protein homolog (p = 0.05) and DNA repair protein RAD51L3 (p = 0.11). A further RR‐related protein is so far only hypothetical: XP_030188 (NCBI Database accession number, p = 0.14). We consider the fact that several of these proteins of interest are known to be associated with RR as a valid proof of principle for this proteomics approach. These results will serve as a basis for developing an assay for testing rectal cancers for radioresistance.
Micromechanical modeling of the tensile behavior of oriented polyethylene
Authors: van Dommelen J. A. W. , Schrauwen B. A. G. , Van Breemen L. C. A. , Govaert L. E. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe stacked lamellar morphology commonly found in extruded semicrystalline materials has a strong influence on the flow direction, with respect to the loading direction, and on the stability and localization phenomena in tensile experiments. A multiscale numerical model was used to simulate the effect on the macroscopic behavior of a stacked lamellar microstructure. The model established a link between the microscopic, the mesoscopic, and the macroscopic levels. The constitutive properties of the material were identified for the crystallographic and amorphous domains. The average fields of an aggregate of individual phases, having preferential orientations, formed the constitutive behavior of the extruded material. The microscopic morphology of the extruded high‐density polyethylene is based on wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction experiments. The macrostructure was described by a finite element model. The microstructure‐induced deformation hardening in the extrusion direction was found to stabilize the macrostructure when it was loaded in the flow direction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2983–2994, 2004
Phase behavior and crystallization analysis in binary crystalline blends of syndiotactic polypropylene and ethylene—Propylene random copolymer
Authors: Huang Ching‐I , Chang Chun‐Pin , Shimizu Katsumi , Han Charles C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe effects of liquid–liquid (L–L) phase separation on the crystallization behavior of binary syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) and ethylene–propylene random copolymer (PEP) mixtures are examined by phase‐contrast microscopy (PCM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and cloud point measurements. The PCM experiments reveal that blends of sPP and PEP exhibit a lower critical solution temperature behavior in the melt. The L–L phase diagram, constructed in terms of temperature (T) and composition by cloud point measurements, follows the prediction of the Flory–Huggins theory with the interaction parameter between sPP and PEP [χ(T) = 0.01153 − 4.5738/T (K)]. When the blends are melted within the two liquid‐phase (α and β) regions, because of the fact that each phase domain reaches the equilibrium concentration ϕ and ϕ as well as the phase volume fraction να and νβ, the crystallinity of each component obeys the equation XC,I = να X + νβ X, I = PEP, sPP. Also, the equilibrium melting temperatures of both components remain constants, slightly lower than those of neat polymers. For the sPP/PEP blends crystallized from one homogeneous phase in the melt, we observe that the crystallizability of the major component is not greatly affected upon blending. However, the crystallization behavior of the minority component in the presence of the major component is strongly dependent on the crystallization temperature (Tc). When Tc is high, because the decreasing degree of the minority mobility is much greater than the increasing degree of the formed nuclei, the crystallizability of the minor component is depressed significantly. On the other hand, the promotion of the minority crystallizability in the intermediate regime of Tc is mainly because of the large increase of the heterogeneous nuclei upon blending with a major component. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2995–3005, 2004
Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins against cocoa pod borer larvae
Authors: Santoso Djoko , Chaidamsari Tetty , Wiryadiputra Soekadar , de Maagd Ruud A 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTwelve Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were tested in bioassays on cacao plantations in Indonesia for activity against the larvae of cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen)), an insect pest of the cacao tree. Through the damage caused by their feeding, the larvae of cocoa pod borer cause the pods of the cocoa tree to ripen prematurely. They are difficult to control with conventional measures. Preliminary assays identified five toxins that were more active than others. In two subsequent bioassays the activity of selected toxins was determined more accurately. Three Cry1 proteins with relatively little homology were all found to be toxic, opening perspectives for controlling cocoa pod borer by expression of Cry proteins in transgenic plants. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and structural characterization of bioactive peptide conjugates using thioether linkage approaches
Authors: Mezö Gábor , Manea Marilena , Jakab Annamária , Kapuvári Bence , Bösze Szilvia , Schlosser Gitta , Przybylski Michael , Hudecz Ferenc 
Published: July 2004

AbstractApplications of cysteine‐insertion and thioether linkage approaches to the preparation of a number of bioactive peptide conjugates are reported. Peptides containing epitopes from (i) herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D, (ii) a specific N‐terminal β‐amyloid epitope recognized by therapeutically active antibodies, and (iii) a GnRH‐III peptide from sea lamprey with antitumour activity, were elongated with Cys residues and attached to a chloroacetylated tetratuftsin derivative carrier via a thioether linkage either directly, or by insertion of a spacer. The structures and molecular homogeneity of all the peptide conjugates were ascertained by HPLC, MALDI and electrospray mass spectrometry. The use of a spacer such as an oligoglycine or GFLG‐tetrapeptide gave an increased yield in the conjugation reaction and enhanced reaction rates. In the formation of cysteinyl‐thioether linkages, it was found that the position of flanking Cys residues markedly influenced the conjugation reaction and the formation of intermolecular epitope disulfide‐dimers. C‐terminal Cys residues gave thioether conjugates with significantly diminished epitope‐dimerization, while Cys at the N‐terminal caused rapid disulfide‐dimerization, thereby preventing efficient conjugation. Copyright © 2004 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An affordable modular mobile robotic platform with fuzzy logic control and evolutionary artificial neural networks
Authors: Tedder Maurice , Chamulak David , Chen Li‐Ping , Nair Santosh , Shvartsman Andrey , Tseng I , Chung Chan‐Jin 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAutonomous robotics projects encompass the rich nature of integrated systems that includes mechanical, electrical, and computational software components. The availability of smaller and cheaper hardware components has helped make possible a new dimension in operational autonomy. This paper describes a mobile robotic platform consisting of several integrated modules including a laptop computer that serves as the main control module, microcontroller‐based motion control module, a vision processing module, a sensor interface module, and a navigation module. The laptop computer module contains the main software development environment with a user interface to access and control all other modules. Programming language independence is achieved by using standard input/output computer interfaces including RS‐232 serial port, USB, networking, audio input and output, and parallel port devices. However, with the same hardware technology available to all, the distinguishing factor in most cases for intelligent systems becomes the software design. The software for autonomous robots must intelligently control the hardware so that it functions in unstructured, dynamic, and uncertain environments while maintaining an autonomous adaptability. This paper describes how we introduced fuzzy logic control to one robot platform in order to solve the 2003 Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) Autonomous Challenge problem. This paper also describes the introduction of hybrid software design that utilizes Fuzzy Evolutionary Artificial Neural Network techniques. In this design, rather than using a control program that is directly coded, the robot's artificial neural net is first trained with a training data set using evolutionary optimization techniques to adjust weight values between neurons. The trained neural network with a weight average defuzzification method was able to make correct decisions to unseen vision patterns for the IGVC Autonomous Challenge. A comparison of the Lawrence Technological University robot designs and the design of the other competing schools shows that our platforms were the most affordable robot systems to use as tools for computer science and engineering education. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An autonomous tracked vehicle with omnidirectional sensing
Authors: Hampton R. David , Nash David , Barlow David , Powell Robert , Albert Blace , Young Stephen 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOperation of an autonomous vehicle along a marked path, in an obstacle‐laden environment, requires path detection, relative position detection and control, and obstacle detection and avoidance. The design solution of the team from the U.S. Military Academy is a tracked vehicle operating open‐loop in response to position information from an omnidirectional mirror, and to obstacle‐detection input from the mirror and from a scanning laser. The use of a tracked rather than a wheeled vehicle is the team's open‐loop solution to the problem of wheeled‐vehicle slippage on wet and sandy surfaces. The vehicleresponds to sensor information from (1) a digital camera‐mounted parabolic omnidirectional mirror for visual inputs and (2) a scanning laser for detecting obstacles in relief. Raw sensor data is converted synchronously into a global virtual context, which places the vehicle's center at the origin of a 2‐D Cartesian coordinate system. A four‐phase process is used to convert the camera's inputs into the data structures needed to reason about the vehicle's position relative to the course. Development of the path plan proceeds incrementally, using a space‐sweeping algorithm to identify safe paths along waypoints within the course boundaries. An attempt is made to minimize translation errors by favoring paths which exhibit fewer sharp turns. Integration of Intel's OpenCV computer vision library and the Independent JPEG Group's JPEG library allow for very good encapsulation of the low‐level functions needed to do most of the image processing. Ada95 is the language of choice for the majority of the team‐developed software, except where needed to interface to motors and sensors. Use of an object‐oriented high‐level language has been invaluable in leveraging the efforts of previous years' development activities, and for maximizing the ability to log or otherwise respond to anomalous behavior. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gauging intelligence of unmanned vehicle systems–an IGVC perspective
Authors: Cheok Ka C. , Smid G. Edzko , Lane Gerald R. , Agnew William G. , Khan Asif 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper offers an approach for defining and gauging the intelligence of an unmanned vehicle system. The meaning of “intelligence,” as in natural intelligence and machine intelligence, varies greatly depending on the context in which the word is used. The paper describes certain basic expectations associated with being intelligent in general, and proceeds to present three possible means of gauging the intelligent behavior of an unmanned vehicle system (UVS). The first is a qualitative perception that is based on an extension of the Turin's test for perceiving an unsuspecting UVS behavior as that of a person. The second is a quantitative measure where task‐specific intelligence performance of a smart system is evaluated. Examples of task‐specific intelligence and how they are gauged are presented in the context of the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. The third is the comparative scale that gauges the difficulty of challenges against the intelligent skills of humans. For example, an experiment revealed that it requires the mind of at least a four‐year‐old child to successfully navigate an autonomous navigation course. Alternative architectures for intelligent unmanned vehicle systems were also presented, including complementing machine intelligence with human supervision via telematics and information technology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tradeoffs associated with sediment‐maintenance flushing flows: a simulation approach to exploring non‐inferior options
Authors: Wu Fu‐Chun , Chou Yi‐Ju 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSediment‐maintenance flushing flows designed to mimic the action of natural floods in removing the accumulated fine sediments from the channel and loosening the gravel bed have been increasingly proposed as an effective alternative in dam management and a required component of riverine restoration programmes. However, reservoir releases are generally associated with financial and environmental costs, thus it is highly desirable to specify flushing flows as accurately as possible. In this paper we present a simulation approach to evaluating flushing flows and exploring the tradeoffs associated with non‐inferior flushing options. A two‐fraction sediment routing model is used to simulate the gravel‐sand bed response to flushing flows. The results reveal that the sand cleansing effect propagates from upstream to downstream and from surface to subsurface. Under a steady gravel supply from upstream, an equilibrium state of gravel transport and bed degradation is eventually reached in the simulation reach. The flushing flow and sediment transport system investigated in this study involves a transient state variable (bed sand content), a decision variable (flushing flow discharge), a flushing goal (ultimate bed sand content), and three outcomes to be minimized (flushing duration, released water volume, and total gravel loss). A series of numerical simulations are carried out with a range of flows and pre‐flushing bed sediment conditions. The results reveal that the flushing efficiency is higher for the larger flow. However, for flows greater than ∼100 m3/s the flushing duration is less sensitive to the flow discharge, thus the system may be simplified as a bi‐objective one. The gravel loss and water volume are two conflicting outcomes within the non‐inferior flow region. Under a worse bed sediment condition, the feasible flushing options are constrained in a narrower range and also associated with higher costs. The tradeoffs between the conflicting outcomes are quantitatively displayed with the transformed feasible solutions in the objective space. We provide here a general and practical approach permitting a quantitative evaluation of the different flushing options that is appropriate to the level of data typically available. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.