bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole exome germline sequencing in early‐onset prostate cancer patients: Genomic findings and clinical outcomes
Authors: Siegelmann‐Danieli Nava , Neiman Victoria , Bareket‐Samish Avital , Berger Racheli , Peretz Asaf , Alapi Hillel , Tsur Erez , Patalon Tal , Beller Daniella , Rimler Galit , Chodick Gabriel , Shohat Mordechai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhole exome sequencing (WES) furthered our understanding of various tumors. We assessed the occurrence of germline likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants, disease features, and clinical outcomes in early‐onset prostate cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study (N = 134) included consecutive prostate cancer patients who donated blood samples for research purposes to the Kahn‐Sagol‐Maccabi biobank. Patients diagnosed at >65 years were excluded. Clinical characteristics were extracted from the medical records. Germline WES was performed with analysis reporting on oncogenetic, two immunogenic, and a secondary minimum list panels (121, 468, 76, and 59 genes, respectively).ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 61 (range 46–65) years; 131 (98%) were diagnosed with local disease. The median follow‐up time from diagnosis was 14 (range <1–25) years. Of the patients with local disease, 32 (24%) and 10 (8%) had biochemical and distant recurrences, respectively. Twenty‐five patients (19%) had ≥1 additional cancer (excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer), most frequently bladder (6), colorectal (5), and lymphoma (5). Seven (5%) deaths were reported, with only one related to prostate cancer. LP/P variants were identified in 8 patients (6%), all in genes from the oncogenetic panel: ATM, BRCA1 (in two patients), BRCA2 (in two patients), HOXB13, MUTYH, and MYH7. Of these eight patients, with a median follow‐up of 7 years (range <1–15), two (25%) had biochemical recurrences, one had (12.5%) distant recurrence, and no deaths were reported.ConclusionsIn this cohort of 134 early‐onset prostate cancer patients, we identified germline LP/P variants in an oncogenetic panel in 6% of participants, with no unique clinical outcome.
Discovery of tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties as novel phytopathogenic antibacterial and antiviral agents
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Long , Wang Zhen‐Chao , Li Cheng‐Peng , Chen Dan‐Ping , Li Zhu‐Rui , Li Yan , Ouyang Gui‐Ping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant bacterial infections and plant viruses seriously affect the yield and quality of crops. Based on the various activities of tryptanthrin, a series of tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activities against three plant bacteria and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).RESULTSBioassay results indicated that compounds 6a–6l displayed excellent antibacterial activities in vitro and 6a–6c and 6g exhibited better antiviral activities against TMV than commercial ribavirin. In particular, 6b showed the most effect on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 1.26 μg mL−1, compared with the commercial pesticide bismerthiazol (BT; EC50 = 34.3 μg mL−1) and thiodiazole copper (TC; EC50 = 73.3 μg mL−1). Meanwhile, 6a also had the best antiviral activity at 500 μg mL−1 for curative, protection, and inactivation purposes, compared with ribavirin in vivo.CONCLUSIONCompound 6b could cause changes in bacterial morphology, induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, promote apoptosis of bacterial cells, inhibit the formation of biofilm, and block the growth of Xoo cells. Proteomic analysis revealed major differences in the bacterial secretory system pathways T2SS and T6SS, which inhibited membrane transport. Molecular docking revealed that 6a and 6g could interact with TMV coat protein preventing virus assembly. These results suggest that tryptanthrin analogues bearing F and piperazine moieties could be promising candidate agents for antibacterial and antiviral use in agricultural production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Seismic sensor‐based management of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in date palm plantations
Authors: Mendel Zvi , Voet Hillary , Modan Nimrod , Naor Ravid , Ment Dana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is one of the gravest threats to palm trees. The challenge in monitoring RPW primarily arises from the inconspicuous presence of larvae within the stem, which is often devoid of noticeable symptoms. This study looks at the use of seismic sensors in RPW management in commercial date palm plantations. It explores whether the data garnered from the sensor domain, and its translation into the health status of date palms, can reliably inform precise decision‐making.RESULTSSensor and damage index values, as gauged by the Agrint IoTree seismic sensor, vividly mirrored RPW colonization activity. They also accurately portrayed the impact of three distinct insecticides: imidacloprid, phosphine, and entomopathogenic nematodes. The seismic values and damage index of healthy untreated palms strongly supported the decision to pursue tree recovery. Furthermore, this facilitated the computation of recovery pace discrepancies across the tested treatments, measured as the number of days required for tree restoration.CONCLUSIONSOur findings underscore the practicality of employing seismic sensors, as exemplified by the IoTree system and its network services, to both monitor and assess palm tree health. Furthermore, it validates their efficacy in evaluating the efficiency of management strategies adopted against RPW, all grounded in a wealth of sensor‐derived data. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Conceptual framework for analyzing the sustainability of socio‐ecological systems with a focus on ecosystem services that support water security
Authors: Gomez‐Jaramillo Yésica , Berrouet Lina , Villegas‐Palacio Clara , Berrio‐Giraldo Linda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWater security is a global concern sharpened by the biggest humanity challenge of climatic crisis. With the end of designing and implementing efficient and sustainable water management strategies, it is necessary to recognize the interdependence and coevolution between natural and social systems and understand how the double way relationships between these systems shape sustainability. The socio‐ecological systems (SES) sustainability approach is an alternative to this end. Conceptual challenges have been identified in the analysis of the sustainability of SES. These challenges include (i) A lack of clarity in the definition of SES sustainability, (ii) the non‐inclusion of some inherent SES characteristics that determine critical thresholds, and (iii) a lack of conceptual frameworks for analyzing the sustainability of SES and water security‐related ecosystem services. This study proposes a conceptual framework, based on a strong sustainability approach, for analyzing SES sustainability focusing on water security and addressing the above‐mentioned challenges. This conceptual development includes three elements: (i) the key thresholds to ensure ecological functionality; (ii) the benefits that society derives from ecological functioning and; (iii) the two‐way relationship between natural capital and social systems. Analyzing these three elements helps identification of different sustainability states of SESs, focusing on water security, in the presence of endogenous or exogenous drivers of change. The conceptualization and operationalization of SES sustainability focusing on water security allows the analysis of the trajectories of change and provides insights into the required water management strategies in the target territory.
Computational Investigation of the Intermolecular Interactions between Decatungstate Acid and CX2O (X=H, F, Cl, and Br)
Authors: Doust Mohammadi Mohsen , Abbas Faheem , Louis Hitler , Zeb Zonish , Akem Martilda U. , Benjamin Innocent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study explores intermolecular interactions between the polyoxometalate (POM) compound, decatungstate acid, and CX2O (X=H, F, Cl, and Br). Initial optimizations were conducted using the PBE0 and M06‐2X /Lanl2DZ level of theory, renowned for adsorption studies. Computational results revealed a notable sequential increase in binding affinity for reactive compounds on POM surfaces optimized with PBE0, TPSSH, M06‐2X, CAM‐B3LYP, and ωB97XD/Lanl2Dz methods. Interestingly, the findings indicated a high binding affinity between reactive compounds and POM surfaces, affirming M06‐2X functional suitability for studying decatungstate acid interactions. Additionally, adsorption energy (Eads) values were negative, indicating stable adsorption processes. Careful examination of quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), natural charge calculations, and hybridization calculations unveiled impressive intermolecular interactions, with non‐covalent interactions (NCIs) revealing deep blue iso‐surfaces in (CH2O@POM) and (CF2O@POM) complexes, indicating significant electrostatic force of interaction and presence of hydrogen bond interactions, enhancing POM surface‘s gas interaction capacity and smooth sensing. The analyzed complexes displayed slight increases in HOMO‐LUMO energy gap compared to POM, with the order of increase as follows: CH2O@POM (0.0819 eV)>CF2O@POM (0.0772 eV)>CBr2O@POM (0.0747 eV)>CCl2O@POM (0.0705 eV), suggesting POM′s suitability as an adsorbent. The study‘s major findings reveal the effective adsorption of CBr2O and CH2O facilitated by hydrogen bond interactions on the POM surface, making decatungstate acid a potential adsorbent for removing polluting gases from the atmosphere.
The Effect of DBU on Microstructure and CO2 Absorption of EmimCl‐TEG and BmimCl‐TEG Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Chen Tingting , Xu Yingjie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrostructure of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on EmimCl or BmimCl ionic liquid (IL) and triethylene glycol (TEG) was studied by FT‐IR spectra. The influence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) on CO2 absorption behavior and mechanism of DESs was investigated. FT‐IR spectra of pure EmimCl‐TEG and BmimCl‐TEG DESs show that O−H⋅⋅⋅Cl− hydrogen bond interaction formed by IL and TEG gradually strengths with the increase in the molar ratio of IL to TEG, resulting in a corresponding increase in viscosity. Due to the lack of a chemical interaction site, the CO2 absorption capacity of pure DESs at 313.2 K and 1.0 bar is only between 0.15 and 0.56 mol kg−1. Surprisingly, the addition of equimolar DBU to DESs can significantly improve the CO2 absorption capacity, which is up to 2.94 mol kg−1 at the maximum and similar to that of amine‐functionalized DESs. CO2 absorption mechanism characterized by FT‐IR spectra indicates that DBU can form hydrogen bond with O−H of TEG, which leads to deprotonation of O−H of TEG into basic anion under the synergistic effect of O−H⋅⋅⋅Cl− hydrogen bond to achieve efficient CO2 chemisorption via carbonate formation. The obtained results provide a strategy for effectively improving the CO2 capture capacity of EmimCl‐TEG and BmimCl‐TEG DESs.
Hybrid Acid/Base Electrolytic Cell for Hydrogen Generation and Methanol Conversion Implemented by Bifunctional Ni/MoN Nanorod Electrocatalyst
Authors: Rao Chaoming , Wang Haijian , Chen Kai , Chen Haiyan , Ci Suqin , Xu Qiuhua , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCombining the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) within an integrated electrolytic system may offer the advantages of enhanced kinetics of the anode, reduced energy consumption, and the production of high‐purity hydrogen. Herein, it is reported the construction of Ni─MoN nanorod arrays supported on a nickel foam substrate (Ni─MoN/NF) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen production and selective methanol oxidation to formate. Remarkably, The optimal Ni─MoN/NF catalyst displays exceptional HER performance with an overpotential of only 49 mV to attain 10 mA cm−2 in acid, and exhibits a high activity for MOR to achieve 100 mA cm−2 at 1.48 V in alkali. A hybrid acid/base electrolytic cell with Ni─MoN/NF electrode as anode and cathode is further developed for an integrated HER–MOR cell, which only requires a voltage of 0.56 V at 10 mA cm−2, significantly lower than that of the HER–OER system (0.70 V). The density functional theory studies reveal that the incorporation of Ni effectively modulates the electronic structure of MoN, thereby resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. The unique combination of high electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability make the Ni─MoN/NF catalyst a promising candidate for practical applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen production and methanol oxidation.
Linkage Effect Induced by Hierarchical Architecture in Magnetic MXene‐based Microwave Absorber
Authors: Cai Lei , Jiang Haojie , Pan Fei , Liang Hongsheng , Shi Yuyang , Wang Xiao , Cheng Jie , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiang , Shi Zhong , Wu Hongjing , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHierarchical architecture engineering is desirable in integrating the physical‐chemical behaviors and macroscopic properties of materials, which present great potential for developing multifunctional microwave absorption materials. However, the intrinsic mechanisms and correlation conditions among cellular units have not been revealed, which are insufficient to maximize the fusion of superior microwave absorption (MA) and derived multifunctionality. Herein, based on three models (disordered structure, porous structure, lamellar structure) of structural units, a range of MXene‐aerogels with variable constructions are fabricated by a top‐down ice template method. The aerogel with lamellar structure with a density of only 0.015 g cm−3 exhibits the best MA performance (minimum reflection loss: −53.87 dB, effective absorption bandwidth:6.84 GHz) at a 6 wt.% filling ratio, which is preferred over alternative aerogels with variable configurations. This work elucidates the relationship between the hierarchical architecture and the superior MA performance. Further, the MXene/CoNi Composite aerogel with lamellar structure exhibits >90% compression stretch after 1000 cycles, excellent compressive properties, and elasticity, as well as high hydrophobicity and thermal insulation properties, broadening the versatility of MXene‐based aerogel applications. In short, through precise microstructure design, this work provides a conceptually novel strategy to realize the integration of electromagnetic stealth, thermal insulation, and load‐bearing capability simultaneously.
Effectiveness of FRP confinement for low strength recycled aggregate concrete compressive members having optimized combination of fibers
Authors: Raza Ali , Elhag Ahmed Babeker , Ouni Mohamed Hechmi El , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe quantity of recycled concrete aggregates is increasing day by day due to the enhanced demolition rate of old infrastructures, which is dangerous to the environment's sustainability. Therefore, it is essential to handle these recycled aggregates for sustainable development. Furthermore, due to the low compressive strength (COS) of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), it has always remained an active research area to ameliorate the mechanical performance of such concrete by either adding fibers and/or laterally confining with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (carbon‐FRP) wraps. The main objective of the current investigation is to improve the strength of hybrid fiber‐reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (HFRAC) transversely wrapped with carbon‐FRP wraps. The axial COS, axial strain, and compressive stress–strain graphs of the tested samples were assessed by manufacturing a total sum of 18 cylindrical samples wrapped with either one or two carbon‐FRP wraps. Two different grades of HFRAC were fabricated that is, 15 and 20 MPa containing hybrid fibers (steel and polypropylene fibers). The results showed that the transverse wrapping effectively ameliorated the axial strain, COS, and axial stiffness of HFRAC samples. By using a single layer of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 115.7% was observed while using two layers of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 130.7% was observed in the COS of 15 MPa group HFRAC samples. Similarly, by using a single layer of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 37.4% occurred while using two layers of carbon‐FRP wraps, an enhancement of 112.6% occurred in the COS of 20 MPa group HFRAC samples. Hence, the lateral wrapping of low‐strength HFRAC is more efficient than the high‐strength HFRAC. A theoretical investigation based on the analysis of 11 different models was also performed to predict the COS of carbon‐FRP‐wrapped HFRAC samples.
Quantification of red soil macropores affected by slope erosion and sediment using computed tomography
Authors: Zhang Si‐Yi , He Bin , Hao Beibei , Lv Depeng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoil structure is an important factor interacting with soil erosion and sediment processes. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between soil macroporosity and soil erosion across different terrains. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare soil properties and macroporosity characteristics in collapsing gully areas and to explore their impact on the formation and development of collapsing gullies. Soil cores were excavated at different positions of a typical collapsing gully and then scanned to analyze soil macropores. Soil properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity were also investigated. The results showed that the contents of sand, silt, and clay, the mean weight diameter of aggregates, and the infiltrate rates varied at different positions. The valley had the greatest macroporosity (1.09% ± 0.33%), the number (5919 ± 703), volume (1468 ± 194 mm3), and surface area (10.4 ± 2.6 m2) of macropores, as well as the mean volume (16.8 ± 7.4 mm3) of macropores >1 mm3, whereas these indices were lowest at the slope (0.15% ± 0.14%, 1189 ± 747, 266 ± 188 mm3, 1.7 ± 1.4 m2, and 10.6 ± 2.9 mm3, respectively). The macroporosity and the number of macropore decreased with increasing depth but were also influenced by the erosion and sediment processes. The processes of sediment and the roots of vegetation also influenced the orientation of the macropores. Macropore characteristics at different sites of the collapsing gullies affected the soil water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity and further affected the processes of water erosion and mass erosion.
Pen portraits of Presidents – Prof. Henry Charnock, CBE, FRS
Authors: Gould W. John 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the life of Prof. Henry Charnock. He was a President of the Royal Meteorological Society (1982–1984) whose expertise spanned both the atmosphere and ocean. He started as a meteorological forecaster with the Royal Air Force during WWII and went on to study air–sea interaction and the structure of the upper ocean. He later exerted considerable influence on the shape of both United Kingdom and international marine science.
A Multi-Epoch Processing Strategy for PPP-RTK Users
Authors: Khodabandeh A. , Teunissen P. J. G. , Psychas D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present contribution aims to address why the stochastic model of the PPP-RTK user-filter is misspecified, and how one can limit the precision-loss associated with user parameter solutions. By developing tools for measuring the stated precision-loss under existing formulations of the user’s Kalman filter, we propose an alternative formulation that recursively delivers close-to-minimum-variance filtered solutions when certain conditions hold. Such conditions are discussed, and their impact on the user ambiguity-resolved positioning performance is illustrated by supporting numerical results.
Planets: A History of Observing Worlds and Changing Worldviews
Authors: Shindell Matthew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs cultural and scientific objects, the planets have been understood differently by people across cultures and time periods. The physical understanding of the planets, their origins, natures, movements, and relationship to Earth has changed considerably over time. An historical examination of these changes, beginning with a few examples from the ancient world and then focusing primarily on the European and American contexts from the medieval world to the present, illustrates that the planets are windows into the worldviews and preoccupations of the culture in which planetary ideas and understandings originated. There have also been changes to how historians understand the practice and purpose of planetary observations and theories during these periods, and these changes are addressed in each section.
Multicultural Perspectives in Driving Instructor Education and Driving Schools for Professional Drivers in Norway
Authors: Blixen Tatjana Bru , Fegri Kai Andre , Hellne-Halvorsen Ellen Beate 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine how a multicultural perspective is integrated into the driving instructor education and education of professional drivers in driving schools in Norway. Many of the public transit bus drivers and drivers of other commercial motor vehicles are immigrants and second language users. The study centers on investigating the training experiences of driving instructor trainers and driving instructors on how prospective drivers with an immigrant background attend training and gain a professional license. Our perspective is on second language and cultural challenges within driving instructor education and driving schools for professional drivers. The study uses individual interviews of driving instructor trainers and driving instructors in driving schools. These educational programs are seen in light of official documents such as curricula and Norwegian road traffic regulations. The results show that driving instructors and driving instructor trainers are attentive to multilingualism and multiculturalism in their teaching, and that they do perceive common challenges with language and culture. Both driving instructors and driving instructor trainers attempt to solve the challenges, but to varying degrees, depending on the individual trainer. Driving instructor trainers call for more training in the topic and are currently working on implementing multilingual and multicultural issues in new curricula for driving instructor education.
Important Encounters for Education and Employment
Authors: Eliasson Eva 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSupport from other people has been identified as one of the key factors facilitating migrants’ access to their previous vocational area in their new country (Eliasson et al., J Educ Work 35(8): 828–842). In this text, migrants’ descriptions of encounters that have influenced their paths to education or employment are studied in depth. The encounters are analysed through theories of social identity construction (Jenkins, Social identity, 2004) and from a class, gender, and ethnicity perspective. The material consists of 20 interviews with migrants who have a professional education from their home country and have gained access to their previous vocational area in Sweden. The result shows that encounters can lead to direct access to education and workplaces, but also function as support and encouragement that strengthen the migrant’s fighting spirit. In other words, successful encounters may lead to successful inclusion into working life. Aspects of ethnicity and profession (class) are visible in the analysis of the encounters, while gender is less visible since the respondents are working in traditionally masculine- or feminine-coded sectors. Resistance to other people’s negative constructions of the respondents’ identities is visible in many narratives, which also seems important to their persistence in job searching.