bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cr-51 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 51Cr to include the 2012 result of the KRISS (Rep. of Korea), the 2022 result of the POLATOM (Poland), and to link the 2022 EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51 comparison
Authors: Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Coulon Romain , Nonis Manuel , Judge Steven , Park Tae Soon , Lee Jong-Man , Lee K B , Ziemek T , Listkowska A , Lech E , Saganowski P , Marganiec-Gałązka J , Broda R 
Published: January 2024

Main text
Two new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cr-51 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51 comparison piloted by the POLATOM in 2022, who sent an ampoule from the EURAMET comparison to the International Reference System (SIR). The LNE-LNHB (France) used the EURAMET comparison to update its degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the latest results in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cr-51, and the linked EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Cr-51. A graphical presentation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Comparisons of standards for liquid flow rates under static load changes
Authors: Benkova Miroslava , Frahm Enrico , Romieu Kevin , Warnecke Heiko , Büker Oliver , Haack Søren , AKSELLİ Başak , Mazur Viliam , Berkmann Claudia , Zygmantas Gediminas , Kroner Corinna 
Published: January 2024

Main text
This report presents the results of an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) organized in order to determine the degrees of equivalence of standards for liquid static flow rates in the range of 50 kg/h to 36 000 kg/h under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Water was used as the calibration fluid.
The objective of the comparison was to support and prove the Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMC) in liquid flow of the participating NMIs and DIs CETIAT (France), PTB (Germany), FORCE (Denmark), DTI (Denmark), CMI (Czech Republic), RISE (Sweden), VTT (Finland), BEV (Austria), LEI (Lithuania), SMU (Slovakia) and UME TUBITAK (Turkey). The comparison was organized and evaluated by CETIAT, CMI and PTB as pilot laboratories. The comparison was carried out as a three-loop robin, which started in September 2020 at CETIAT and finished in June 2021, also at CETIAT.
Two Coriolis mass flow meters were used as transfer standards. In order to estimate the uncertainties u
TS, both transfer meters were subjected to characterization measurements at pilot laboratory CETIAT. The following parameters were researched in detail: fluid temperature, line pressure, reproducibility and the effect of zero setting. Following the results of the Chi2-test, one set point of one participant was discarded from the E
N calculation.
The comparison shows very good agreement between the 11 participating laboratories. Only one laboratory failed the comparison at two set points due to an E
N value > 1.2. Two laboratories showed comparison results at "warning level". In order to follow the latest developments in the field of flow comparison evaluation, the standard procedure of COX (2002) was extended by an application of two additional criteria, as for inconclusive or conclusive decisions for calibration. In sum, four laboratories were affected by inconclusive calibration results.
The comparison has received financial support from the EMPIR project 17IND13 Metrowamet.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Instability of a Kerr-type naked singularity due to light and matter accretion and its shadow
Authors: Tavlayan Aydin , Tekin Bayram 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study null and timelike constant radii geodesics in the environment of an over-spinning putative Kerr-type naked singularity. We are particularly interested in two topics: first, the differences of the shadows of the naked rotating singularity and the Kerr black hole; and second, the spinning down effect of the particles falling from the accretion disk. Around the naked singularity, the non-equatorial prograde orbits in the Kerr black hole remain intact up to a critical rotation parameter (

α
=

6

3

−
9

) and cease to exist above this value (Charbulák and Stuchlík 2018 Eur. Phys. J. C 78 879). This has an important consequence in the shadow of the naked singularity if the shadow is registered by an observer on the polar plane or close to it as the shadow cannot be distinguished from that of a Kerr black hole viewed from the same angle considering only the light emanating from the unstable photon orbits. We show that the timelike retrograde orbits in the equatorial plane immediately (after about an 8% increase in mass for the case of initial α = 1.5) reduce the spin parameter of the naked singularity from larger values to α = 1 at which an event horizon appears. This happens because the retrograde orbits have a larger capture cross-section than the prograde ones. So if a naked singularity happens to have an accretion disk, it will not remain naked for long, an event horizon forms.
A general derivation of the classical Doppler effect in 3D space
Authors: Zanchini Francesco 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The classical Doppler effect has already been studied in many textbooks and papers. However, the formula currently used to describe the Doppler effect for a source and a receiver moving with constant velocities is not suitable for practical applications. Indeed, the formula makes use of two angles that depend on the state of the source-receiver system both at the emission instant and at the reception instant of sound, while in most real cases the state of the system is known only at one of the two instants. In this paper, two equivalent formulas are derived for the Doppler shift: one depending solely on the state of the system at the emission instant, and one depending solely on the state of the system at the reception instant. The paper also provides two more general expressions that describe the Doppler shift evolution over time. The expressions derived in this paper are compared with the existing ones in some special cases, obtaining consistent results.
A thermoelectric cloud chamber: I. Redesign and operation
Authors: Andrade Antoine F , Souza Lucas W G , Perini Ana P , Neves Lucio P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Developed by CTR Wilson, the cloud chamber was among the most important experimental apparatuses for observing nuclear phenomena in the first half of the twentieth century. Currently, cloud chambers are used as a didactic resource to teach radiation-matter interactions and other Nuclear Physics phenomena. This paper presents the construction of an electrically cooled cloud chamber. This device enables the observation of several nuclear physics phenomena in places where dry ice and liquid coolants are unavailable. The apparatus comprises a cooling unit based on thermoelectric modules and high-performance heat sinks. The first tracks are observable within 2 min after the instrument is turned on, and it can continue working for long periods, provided that alcohol is replaced. The device enabled the observation of numerous interactions between ionizing radiation and matter using natural and commercial radiation sources.
A thermoelectric cloud chamber: II. Contributions to medical physics education
Authors: Souza Lucas W G , Perini Ana P , Neves Lucio P 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Medical Physics is a branch of science concerned with the application of physical principles in the benefit of health. It is an inherently interdisciplinary field that requires strong skills in various fields of science and technology. Thus, it is challenging for students and their learning processes benefit from teaching methodologies that enable a good understanding of abstract concepts. In this context, the cloud chamber can be used as an invaluable tool for teaching concepts related to ionizing radiation. In this study we present the radiation tracks obtained from the cloud chamber presented in Part I of this series. The device enabled the observation of numerous interactions between different ionizing radiations and matter. These interactions are discussed in the context of medical physics, highlighting the connection between the observed phenomena, their physical explanations, and their applications in the medical field.
CUQIpy: II. Computational uncertainty quantification for PDE-based inverse problems in Python
Authors: Alghamdi Amal M A , Riis Nicolai A B , Afkham Babak M , Uribe Felipe , Christensen Silja L , Christian Hansen Per , Jørgensen Jakob S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Inverse problems, particularly those governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), are prevalent in various scientific and engineering applications, and uncertainty quantification (UQ) of solutions to these problems is essential for informed decision-making. This second part of a two-paper series builds upon the foundation set by the first part, which introduced CUQIpy, a Python software package for computational UQ in inverse problems using a Bayesian framework. In this paper, we extend CUQIpy’s capabilities to solve PDE-based Bayesian inverse problems through a general framework that allows the integration of PDEs in CUQIpy, whether expressed natively or using third-party libraries such as FEniCS. CUQIpy offers concise syntax that closely matches mathematical expressions, streamlining the modeling process and enhancing the user experience. The versatility and applicability of CUQIpy to PDE-based Bayesian inverse problems are demonstrated on examples covering parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic PDEs. This includes problems involving the heat and Poisson equations and application case studies in electrical impedance tomography and photo-acoustic tomography, showcasing the software’s efficiency, consistency, and intuitive interface. This comprehensive approach to UQ in PDE-based inverse problems provides accessibility for non-experts and advanced features for experts.
Imaging of nonlinear materials via the Monotonicity Principle
Authors: Mottola Vincenzo , Corbo Esposito Antonio , Piscitelli Gianpaolo , Tamburrino Antonello 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Inverse problems, which are related to Maxwell’s equations, in the presence of nonlinear materials is a quite new topic in the literature. The lack of contributions in this area can be ascribed to the significant challenges that such problems pose. Retrieving the spatial behavior of some unknown physical property, from boundary measurements, is a nonlinear and highly ill-posed problem even in the presence of linear materials. Furthermore, this complexity grows exponentially in the presence of nonlinear materials. In the tomography of linear materials, the Monotonicity Principle (MP) is the foundation of a class of non-iterative algorithms able to guarantee excellent performances and compatibility with real-time applications. Recently, the MP has been extended to nonlinear materials under very general assumptions. Starting from the theoretical background for this extension, we develop a first real-time inversion method for the inverse obstacle problem in the presence of nonlinear materials. The proposed method is intendend for all problems governed by the quasilinear Laplace equation, i.e. static problems involving nonlinear materials. In this paper, we provide some preliminary results which give the foundation of our method and some extended numerical examples.
Detection of type-Ⅱ diabetes using graphene-based biosensors
Authors: Roondhe Basant , Saha Sankhadip , Luo Wei , Ahuja Rajeev , Saxena Sumit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Diabetes is a global pandemic that increases the risk of various health complications, including heart attacks, renal failure, blindness, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy. Type-2 diabetes (T2D) results from an imbalance in lipid and glucose metabolism due to hostility to insulin action and insufficient insulin production response. Valine amino acid has been identified as a potential biomarker for T2D, but there have been no rigorous studies on its interaction with branch chain amino acids. In this study, we investigated the potential of graphene/modified graphene as a valine biosensor using density functional theory to examine the electronic properties and adsorption behaviour of graphene, Si-doped graphene (SiG), and P-doped graphene (PG). The adsorption of valine over the substrates was physisorption in nature, and the adsorption energies were in the order of SiG > G > PG. Density of states (DOS) and partial DOS calculations confirmed the molecule’s adsorption over the monolayers and indicated variations in the electronic properties. We also performed recovery time calculations to examine the reusability of the nano-surfaces as potential biosensors. Ultrafast recovery times were predicted for all three systems, with SiG showing the best results. Our study suggests that SiG could be used as a biosensor for valine, providing a real-time and efficient diagnostic tool for T2D.
Depolarization of metal surfaces based on Mueller and integral equation method
Authors: Li Yanhui , Yang Pengfei , Zhao Hua , Bai Lu , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the depolarization phenomenon of materials using the integral equation method and Mueller matrix method. In the integral equation method, it is observed that depolarization trends with roughness are similar at different wavelengths, but numerical differences exist. The results are well-supported by both theory and experiments. Specifically, at 1064 nm wavelength, materials exhibit smaller depolarization peaks, smoother trends, and right-shifted peaks compared to 633 nm. Additionally, the polarization characteristics of materials may change with varying incident polarization states. The Mueller matrix method investigates the depolarization trend with varying incident angles and different roughness levels. It reveals a gradual increase in depolarization with the incident angle until 60°, followed by a rapid rise, reaching a peak around 80°. Moreover, materials with higher absorption coefficients exhibit stronger depolarization effects. Overall, this research uncovers the impact of absorption and scattering on the polarization properties of materials, providing valuable insights for future studies in polarization recognition.
Characterization of wireless power transfer based on Fano resonant-like surface
Authors: Wei Yihao , Chen Lina , Chen Yongqiang , Liu Yanhong , Deng Fusheng , Su Xiaoqiang , Dong Lijuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a new way to enhance the transmission efficiency of a dual-coils wireless power transfer system. That method is to introduce a Fano resonant-like surface in the dual-coils wireless power transfer system. This surface, positioned opposite the transmission direction of the transmitter coil in the system, adopts a four-armed helical structure. The results demonstrate that introducing the Fano resonant-like surface significantly enhances system transmission efficiency, attributed to two primary factors. First, the Fano local resonance effect in the dual-coils wireless power transfer system with Fano resonant-like surface leads to the enhance the transmission efficiency. Second, the Fano resonant-like surface shields the energy propagation of the nearby magnetic field in the direction opposite to transmission. Further, compared to a wireless power transfer system comprising only two coils, the overall improvement in transmission efficiency is 30%–40%. Owing to its simplicity, more compact size, cost-effectiveness, and ease of integration without having to be placed between the transmitting and receiving coils, the Fano resonant-like surface can lay the groundwork for practical applications in wireless charging.
Leakage mechanisms of sub-pA InGaAs/GaAs nano-ridge waveguide photodetectors monolithically integrated on a 300-mm Si wafer
Authors: Ozdemir Cenk Ibrahim , Koninck Yannick De , Patra Saroj Kanta , Baryshnikova Marina , Kunert Bernardette , Pantouvaki Marianna , Campenhout Joris Van , Van Thourhout Dries 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report on a comprehensive temperature dependent dark current study of high-quality InGaAs/GaAs multi quantum well waveguide photodetectors monolithically integrated on silicon. They are integrated through metalorganic vapor-phase selective-area epitaxial growth in a 300 mm CMOS pilot line. Defects resulting from the metamorphic growth of III-V devices on Si make these devices susceptible to different leakage mechanisms at higher operating temperatures. For the high-temperature operation of complex photonics-electronics integrations, understanding the leakage mechanisms of the devices has critical significance. This will help to optimize designs promptly and ensure the reliability and longevity of such devices under extreme operating conditions. The photodetector devices exhibit dark currents below 1 pA, at room temperature and −1 V bias voltage, limited by the noise floor of the measurement setup. To resolve the different leakage mechanisms contributing to the dark current, the devices were measured at elevated temperatures and the results were cross-validated with device simulations. The devices exhibited very low dark currents, with a median below 0.1 nA at 195 °C, suggesting very high-quality material growth. Through device models, leakage mechanisms related to Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination at bulk volume defects are found to be the main factor contributing to the dark current. The surface SRH recombination is found to be limited, yet affecting the forward bias dark current due to the shortening of the diffusion paths of the majority carriers. Also, the device model shows that the actual dark currents at room temperature can be as low as 0.01 pA, more than 1-order lower than the measured levels. This study emphasizes the high quality of the III-V nano-ridge waveguide devices grown on Si, which can potentially expand the capabilities of silicon photonics platforms further.
Lorentz violation in γ-pair production (e+e−→ γ γ)
Authors: Celeste Alessio T B , Santos Adriano M 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the production process of a photon pair in a regime of quantum electrodynamics, considering the presence of a constant four-vector that defines a privileged direction in spacetime, resulting in Lorentz symmetry violation. We explore Lorentz violation in the context of vectorial nonminimal coupling, where we analyze the modifications introduced by this coupling in the scattering amplitude at the vertex. Moreover, we delve into Lorentz violation with axial-like nonminimal coupling. Both analyses are conducted by examining the constant four-vector of both time-like and space-like types.
An entropy trap model of thermodynamic anomalies for dual-amorphous water undergoing liquid-liquid phase transition
Authors: Li Peizhao , Lu Haibao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Water displays numerous anomalously thermodynamic behaviors. However, the working principles behind these anomalies are not well understood, and the liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) is often regarded as the potential reason. In this study, we developed an entropy trap model to characterize the thermodynamic LLPT in dual-amorphous water, i.e. having both low-density and high-density liquid water. From the Adam-Gibbs model and free-volume theory, thermodynamic behaviors of water have been described using the proposed model, in which the constitutive relationships among density, heat capacity, thermal expansivity and glass transition temperature have been formulated. Moreover, the glass transition and its connection to thermodynamic behaviors were also investigated for dual-amorphous water. Finally, experimental data reported in the literature were used to verify effectiveness of the proposed model. This study is expected to provide a physical insight into the anomalous thermodynamics of dual-amorphous water undergoing the LLPT.
Transfer learning from Hermitian to non-Hermitian quantum many-body physics
Authors: Sayyad Sharareh , Lado Jose L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Identifying phase boundaries of interacting systems is one of the key steps to understanding quantum many-body models. The development of various numerical and analytical methods has allowed exploring the phase diagrams of many Hermitian interacting systems. However, numerical challenges and scarcity of analytical solutions hinder obtaining phase boundaries in non-Hermitian many-body models. Recent machine learning methods have emerged as a potential strategy to learn phase boundaries from various observables without having access to the full many-body wavefunction. Here, we show that a machine learning methodology trained solely on Hermitian correlation functions allows identifying phase boundaries of non-Hermitian interacting models. These results demonstrate that Hermitian machine learning algorithms can be redeployed to non-Hermitian models without requiring further training to reveal non-Hermitian phase diagrams. Our findings establish transfer learning as a versatile strategy to leverage Hermitian physics to machine learning non-Hermitian phenomena.
Predicted multiple charge density wave phases in monolayer 1T-NbO2
Authors: Li Yi-Chi , Zhou Jian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides, such as NbSe2, have been extensively studied for almost half a century due to their intriguing properties, such as charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Can the layered transition-metal dioxide, such as NbO2, be stable and exhibit CDW, given that it has the same crystal structure and electronic configuration as NbSe2? Here, we use first-principles calculations to predict that 1T-NbO2 is possibly stable at high temperatures, but it would undergo two CDW transitions with

12

×

12

and

13

×

13

periodicities at low temperatures. Both CDW transitions are accompanied by a metal-semiconductor transition. Notably, the

13

×

13

CDW phase of NbO2 possesses localized magnetic moments and hosts a Mott insulating state. This work offers a fresh outlook on studying CDW and Mott transition in low-dimensional oxide materials.
Spin-photon interaction in a nanowire quantum dot with asymmetrical confining potential
Authors: Li Rui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The electron (hole) spin–photon interaction is studied in an asymmetrical InSb (Ge) nanowire quantum dot. The spin–orbit coupling in the quantum dot mediates not only a transverse spin–photon interaction, but also a longitudinal spin–photon interaction due to the asymmetry of the confining potential. Both the transverse and the longitudinal spin–photon interactions have non-monotonic dependence on the spin–orbit coupling. For realistic spin–orbit coupling in the quantum dot, the longitudinal spin–photon interaction is much (at least one order) smaller than the transverse spin–photon interaction. The order of the transverse spin–photon interaction is about 1 nm in terms of length

|

z

e
g

|

, or 0.1 MHz in terms of frequency

e

E

0

|

z

e
g

|

/

h

for a moderate cavity electric field strength

E

0

=
0.4

V m−1.