bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of maternal and neonatal factors that influence the nucleated and CD34+ cell yield for cord blood banking
Authors: Nakagawa Ryuji , Watanabe Tsutomu , Kawano Yoshifumi , Kanai Sachiyo , Suzuya Hiroko , Kaneko Michiya , Watanabe Hiroyoshi , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Nakayama Takayoshi ,   the Chugoku‐Shikoku Cord Blood Bank
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUND: It would be beneficial to be able to predict the cord blood (CB) cell yield from volunteer donors before cell processing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The maternal and neonatal factors that influence the total nucleated cell (TNC), CD34+ cell, and CFU‐GM yields in CB collected for the Chugoku‐Shikoku Cord Blood Bank were evaluated.RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, the volume of CB collected was significantly correlated with the TNC, CD34+ cell, and CFU‐GM yields (p < 0.001). A longer cord (p < 0.001), larger placenta (p < 0.001), and bigger baby (p < 0.001) were associated with a greater volume of CB. A female baby (p < 0.05) and longer gestational age (p < 0.005) were associated with a higher TNC concentration. A younger maternal age (p < 0.05), larger birth weight (p < 0.001), shorter gestational age (p < 0.001), and shorter time from collection to processing (p < 0.05) were associated with a higher CD34+ cell concentration. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to predict the yield and determine first‐level selection criteria to start processing when the volume of CB units was on the borderline. However, this formula might not be suitable for actual use.CONCLUSION: Maternal and neonatal factors appeared to affect CB cell yields. These findings might be useful for efficiently collecting more qualified CB units.
Expression of Fas and Fas ligand on spleen T cells of experimental animals after unmodified or leukoreduced allogeneic blood transfusions
Authors: Hashimoto Margareth N. , Kimura Elisa Y.S. , Yamamoto Mihoko , Bordin José O. 
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUND: The clonal deletion seen in recipients of allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) refers to the removal of lymphocytes that promote the clearance of transfused alloantigens. Interactions between Fas (CD95) and FasL (CD95L) are involved in the clonal deletion of T cells and in the down regulation of the cytotoxic T‐cell activity.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The expression of CD95/95 L on spleen T cells of C57Bl/6 mice infused with unmodified ABT, prestorage leukoreduced ABT (LR‐ABT), or saline was investigated by flow cytometry. The numbers of apoptotic spleen cells were evaluated after transfusion using the acridine orange and ethidium bromide uptake technique.RESULTS: Compared with untransfused animals, mice transfused with ABT showed higher expression of CD95 (MFI = 94.4 ± 8.6 vs. 73.1 ± 7.9, p = 0.02) and CD95L (23.5 ± 6.9 vs. 8.1 ± 2.0, p = 0.008) on CD4+ spleen cells. Expression of CD95 (92.2 ± 7.5 vs. 64.9 ± 7.5, p = 0.007) and CD95L (17.7 ± 3.6 vs. 8.2 ± 2.2, p = 0.02) was also increased on CD8+ cells of these animals. CD8+ spleen cells from mice transfused with ABT showed higher expression of CD95 (92.2 ± 7.5 vs. 76.9 ± 4.0, p = 0.03) and CD95L (17.7 ± 3.6 vs. 8.3 ± 1.5, p = 0.03) than cells from mice transfused with LR‐ABT. The number of apoptotic spleen cells from mice transfused with ABT was greater than that from mice infused with LR‐ABT (10.9 ± 1.3 vs. 6.6 ± 1.8, p = 0.01) or saline (10.9 ± 1.3 vs. 6.5 ± 0.7, p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that ABT up‐regulates the expression of Fas/FasL on spleen T cells of mice and may promote their apoptosis. These ABT‐associated immunologic alterations can be partially prevented by the leukoreduction of the transfused blood.
Inactivation of mycoplasma species in blood by INACTINE PEN110 process
Authors: Zavizion Boris , Purmal Andrei , Chapman John , Alford Bernadette 
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasmas have been associated with multiple acute and chronic diseases. Mycoplasma genome is found in the blood of 10 to 15 percent of subjectively healthy individuals. If blood borne and viable in donated blood, mycoplasmas could potentially be transfusion transmissible. The INACTINE PEN110 technology is a pathogen reduction process that is in Phase 3 clinical studies. The present study investigated the ability of this process to eradicate mycoplasmas in human blood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Identical whole blood or RBC units inoculated with Mycoplasma arthritidis or M. pneumoniae were incubated with PEN110 (inactivating agent) for 24 hours at 23°C. Sham controls were treated with buffer under the same conditions. 4°C controls were put on storage immediately after the spike.RESULTS: No viable microorganisms were detected in PEN110‐treated units after 24 hours of incubation. Sham controls showed no changes to mycoplasma titers during the incubation. In 4°C controls, minor decrease of mycoplasma titers was observed during the storage.CONCLUSION: The INACTINE process inactivates more than 107 mycoplasma CFU per mL in whole blood and RBCs. This study is the first demonstration of susceptibility of mycoplasmas to pathogen reduction. The data provide further support for the ability of INACTINE technology to address microbial safety issues that are not well characterized.
High prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV among relatives of GBV‐C/HGV‐positive blood donors in blood recipients and in patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Seifried Carola , Weber Marijke , Bialleck Heike , Seifried Erhard , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Kurt Roth W. 
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of GB virus C (GBV‐C)/HGV is high in individuals with parenteral risk factors. The frequency of GBV‐C/HGV in blood donors is significantly lower, however it is still far above other parenterally transmitted viruses like HBV and HCV. Therefore, transmission routes apart from parenteral transmission must be considered.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of GBV‐C/HGV in blood donors and relatives of GBV‐C/HGV‐positive and ‐negative blood donors. Prevalence was also analyzed in aplastic anemia patients. Samples were tested by RT‐PCR and partially by ELISA. Positive isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 5733 blood donors were PCR tested and 90 were positive (1.6%). Of these, 98 relatives could be tested. Viremia was found in 14.3 percent and anti‐E2 in 29.5 percent, whereas only 1.1 percent of the relatives of PCR‐negative donors were viremic and 8.5 percent were anti‐E2 positive. Probable virus transmission could be shown in two couples and in six mother–child pairs by sequencing of isolates indicating horizontal and vertical virus transmission, respectively. Recipients of GBV‐C/HGV RNA‐positive blood products were shown to be infected at a rate of 58 percent (18/31). Aplastic anemia patients were positive at a rate of 32 percent (17/53).CONCLUSION: The high percentage of 14.3 percent of GBV‐C/HGV PCR‐positive relatives of GBV‐C/HGV‐positive blood donors suggests intrafamilial transmission. Sequence analyses revealed vertical and horizontal transmission. Although parenteral transmission is highly efficient for GBV‐C/HGV (58% of recipients of GBV‐C/HGV RNA‐positive blood products and 32% of aplastic anemia patients), it appears that sexual and vertical transmission are the most common transmission routes.
The translocation of marrow MNCs after experimental myocardial cryoinjury is proportional to the infarcted area
Authors: Ciulla Michele M. , Ferrero Stefano , Lazzari Lorenza , Pacchiana Raffaella , Paliotti Roberta , Gianelli Umberto , Busca Giuseppe , Esposito Arturo , Bosari Silvano , Magrini Fabio , Rebulla Paolo 
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUND: The selective homing of peripherally injected marrow MNCs (MMNCs) has recently been demonstrated in a model of cryodamaged heart. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unknown. In the hypothesis that this process is related to the necrotic area extension, the infarcted area was correlated with the number of homed MMNCs in a model of experimental cryodamaged heart.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 12 donor and 12 recipient inbred isogenic adult (4 weeks old) Fisher rats were used to mimic autologous transplantation. Myocardial damage was obtained in recipient rats by cryoinjury. MMNCs were purified, labeled with PKH26 (a red fluorescent cell dye), and infused 7 days after the injury through the femoral vein of recipient rats. One week after peripheral administration, the number of homed MMNCs was assessed and the infarct size was correlated with the number of cells present in the target.RESULTS: Labeled cells were found only in the injured myocardium of the treated animals (n = 6), where a mean of 12 ± 3 PKH26+ cells per section examined were found; a significant correlation was found between the infarct size and the estimated number of cells (p = 0.008)CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the homing of MMNCs is related to the extent of the myocardial injury, suggesting that cellular therapy for regeneration of damaged myocardium should be individualized by taking into consideration the extension of the area to repair.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura‐hemolytic uremic syndrome following allogeneic HPC transplantation: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: George James N. , Li Xiaoning , McMinn Jay R. , Terrell Deirdra R. , Vesely Sara K. , Selby George B. 
Published: February 2004

BACKGROUND: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura‐hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP‐HUS) has been described as a specific sequela of allogeneic HPC transplantation (HPCT). Nevertheless, because multiple transplant‐related sequela can cause the characteristic clinical features of TTP‐HUS, the diagnosis is difficult.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All English‐language articles describing patients with TTP‐HUS following HPCT were identified. Articles reporting five or more total patients, including at least one patient diagnosed with TTP‐HUS following allogeneic HPCT, were reviewed. All articles describing autopsies of patients diagnosed with TTP‐HUS following allogeneic HPCT were also reviewed.RESULTS: Thirty‐five articles reporting 5 or more total patients described 447 patients diagnosed with TTP‐HUS following allogeneic HPCT. The frequency of diagnosis of TTP‐HUS following allogeneic HPCT varied by 125‐fold (0.5%‐63.6%). Twenty‐eight different sets of diagnostic criteria were described in the 35 articles; 25 articles included both RBC fragmentation and increased serum LDH. Many risk factors described as correlating with the diagnosis of TTP‐HUS also predict greater risk for multiple transplant‐related complications. Benefit of plasma exchange treatment could not be documented. Survival information was reported for 379 patients, 232 (61%) died, and reported mortality rates varied from 0 to 100 percent. Autopsies have been reported for 35 patients who were diagnosed with TTP‐HUS following allogeneic HPCT; none had systemic thrombotic microangiopathy, the diagnostic abnormality of TTP‐HUS; and infection (19 patients) was the most commonly reported cause of death.CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features of TTP‐HUS following allogeneic HPCT may be caused by common transplant‐related complications; the benefit from plasma exchange treatment is uncertain.
IκB Kinase Is a Critical Regulator of Chemokine Expression and Lung Inflammation in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Haeberle Helene A. , Casola Antonella , Gatalica Zoran , Petronella Sharon , Dieterich Hans-Juergen , Ernst Peter B. , Brasier Allan R. , Garofalo Roberto P. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major etiologic agent of severe epidemic lower respiratory tract infections in infancy. Airway mucosal inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of RSV disease in both natural and experimental infections. RSV is among the most potent biological stimuli that induce the expression of inflammatory genes, including those encoding chemokines, but the mechanism(s) that controls virus-mediated airway inflammation in vivo has not been fully elucidated. Herein we show that the inoculation of BALB/c mice with RSV results in rapid activation of the multisubunit IκB kinase (IKK) in lung tissue. IKK transduces upstream activating signals into the rate-limiting phosphorylation (and proteolytic degradation) of IκBα, the inhibitory subunit that under normal conditions binds to the nuclear factor (NF)-κB complex and keeps it in an inactive cytoplasmic form. Mice treated intranasally with interleukin-10 or with a specific cell-permeable peptide that blocks the association of the catalytic subunit IKKβ with the regulatory protein NEMO showed a striking reduction of lung NF-κB DNA binding activity, chemokine gene expression, and airway inflammation in response to RSV infection. These findings suggest that IKKβ may be a potential target for the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung.
The AU-Rich RNA Recombination Hot Spot Sequence of
Brome Mosaic Virus
Is Functional in Tombusviruses: Implications for the Mechanism of RNA Recombination
Authors: Shapka Natalia , Nagy Peter D. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

RNA recombination can be facilitated by recombination signals present in viral RNAs. Among such signals are short sequences with high AU contents that constitute recombination hot spots in
Brome mosaic virus
(BMV) and retroviruses. In this paper, we demonstrate that a defective interfering (DI) RNA, a model template associated with
Tomato bushy stunt virus
(TBSV), a tombusvirus, undergoes frequent recombination in plants and protoplast cells when it carries the AU-rich hot spot sequence from BMV. Similar to the situation with BMV, most of the recombination junction sites in the DI RNA recombinants were found within the AU-rich region. However, unlike BMV or retroviruses, where recombination usually occurred with precision between duplicated AU-rich sequences, the majority of TBSV DI RNA recombinants were imprecise. In addition, only one copy of the AU-rich sequence was essential to promote recombination in the DI RNA. The selection of junction sites was also influenced by a putative
cis
-acting element present in the DI RNA. We found that this RNA sequence bound to the TBSV replicase proteins more efficiently than did control nonviral sequences, suggesting that it might be involved in replicase “landing” during the template switching events. In summary, evidence is presented that a tombusvirus can use the recombination signal of BMV. This supports the idea that common AU-rich recombination signals might promote interviral recombination between unrelated viruses.
Analysis of the 3′
cis
-Acting Elements of Rubella Virus by Using Replicons Expressing a Puromycin Resistance Gene
Authors: Chen Min-Hsin , Frolov Ilya , Icenogle Joseph , Frey Teryl K. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACT

A rubella virus (RUB) replicon, RUBrep/PAC, was constructed and used to map the 3′
cis
-acting elements (3′ CSE) of the RUB genome required for RUB replication. The RUBrep/PAC replicon had the structural protein open reading frame partially replaced by a puromycin acetyltransferase (PAC) gene. Cells transfected with RUBrep/PAC transcripts expressed the PAC gene from the subgenomic RNA, were rendered resistant to puromycin, and thus survived selection with this drug. The relative survival following puromycin selection of cells transfected with transcripts from RUBrep/PAC constructs with mutations in the 3′ CSE varied. The 3′ region necessary for optimal relative survival consisted of the 3′ 305 nucleotides (nt), a region conserved in RUB defective-interfering RNAs, and thus this region constitutes the 3′ CSE. Within the 3′ CSE, deletions in the ∼245 nt that overlap the 3′ end of the E1 gene resulted in reduced relative survivals, ranging from 20 to <1% of the parental replicon survival level while most mutations within the ∼60-nt 3′ untranslated region (UTR) were lethal. None of the 3′ CSE mutations affected in vitro translation of the nonstructural protein open reading frame (which is 5′ proximal in the genome and encodes the enzymes involved in virus RNA replication). In cells transfected with replicons with 3′ CSE mutations that survived antibiotic selection (i.e., those with mutations in the region of the 3′ CSE that overlaps the E1 coding region), the amount of replicon-specific minus-strand RNA was uniform; however, the accumulation of both plus-strand RNA species, genomic and subgenomic, varied widely, indicating that this region of the RUB 3′ CSE affects plus-strand RNA accumulation rather than minus-strand RNA synthesis.
Tat Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Strains Is a Defective Chemokine
Authors: Ranga Udaykumar , Shankarappa Raj , Siddappa Nagadenahalli B. , Ramakrishna Lakshmi , Nagendran Ramalingam , Mahalingam Marthandan , Mahadevan Anita , Jayasuryan Narayana , Satishchandra Parthasarathy , Shankar Susarla K. , Prasad Vinayaka R. 
Published: February 2004

ABSTRACTHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is correlated with increased monocyte migration to the brain, and the incidence of HAD among otherwise asymptomatic subjects appears to be lower in India than in the United States and Europe (1 to 2% versus 15 to 30%). Because of the genetic differences between HIV-1 strains circulating in these regions, we sought to identify viral determinants associated with this difference. We targeted Tat protein for these studies in view of its association with monocyte chemotactic function. Analyses of Tat sequences representing nine subtypes revealed that at least six amino acid residues are differentially conserved in subtype C Tat (C-Tat). Of these, cysteine (at position 31) was highly (>99%) conserved in non-subtype C viruses and more than 90% of subtype C viruses encoded a serine. We hypothesized a compromised chemotactic function of C-Tat due to the disruption of CC motif and tested it with the wild type C-Tat (CS) and its two isogenic variants (CC and SC) derived by site-directed mutagenesis. We found that the CS natural variant was defective for monocyte chemotactic activity without a loss in the transactivation property. While the CC mutant is functionally competent for both the functions, in contrast, the SC mutant was defective in both. Therefore, the loss of the C-Tat chemotactic property may underlie the reduced incidence of HAD; although not presenting conclusive evidence, this study provides the first evidence for a potential epidemiologic phenomenon associated with biological differences in the subtype C viruses.
Long term outcome up to 30 years after the Mustard or Senning operation: a nationwide multicentre study in Belgium
Authors: Moons P , Gewillig M , Sluysmans T , Verhaaren H , Viart P , Massin M , Suys B , Budts W , Pasquet A , De Wolf D , Vliers A 
Published: February 2004

Objective: To assess long term outcome of patients who underwent Mustard or Senning repair for transposition of the great arteries up to 30 years earlier.Design: Retrospective review of medical records.Setting: The six university hospitals in Belgium with paediatric cardiology departments.Patients: 339 patients were reviewed, of whom 124 underwent the Mustard procedure and 215 the Senning procedure. This represents almost the entire population of patients in Belgium with either simple or complex transposition.Main outcome measures: Mortality, morbidity, functional abilities, social integration.Results: Overall mortality was 24.2%. Early mortality (⩽ 30 days after surgery) accounted for 16.5%, late mortality for 7.7%. Actuarial survival of early survivors at 10, 20, and 30 years after surgery was 91.7%, 88.6%, and 79.3%, respectively. Patients in the Senning cohort had a slightly better survival rate than those in the Mustard cohort (NS). Baffle obstruction occurred more often after Mustard repair (15.3%) than after the Senning procedure (1.4%). Arrhythmia-free survival did not differ between the two cohorts, but was determined by the complexity of the transposition. Survivors of the Senning cohort had better functional status, and tended to engage in more sports activities.Conclusions: The long term outcome for patients surviving the Mustard or Senning operation was favourable in terms of late mortality, morbidity, functional, and social status. Overall mortality in the Senning cohort did not differ from the Mustard group, but Senning patients had better functional status, greater participation in sports activities, and fewer baffle related problems.
Spilled gall stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a review of the literature
Authors: Sathesh-Kumar T , Saklani A P , Vinayagam R , Blackett R L 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with spillage of gall stones in 5%–40% of procedures, but complications occur very rarely. There are, however, isolated case reports describing a range of complications occurring both at a distance from and near to the subhepatic area. This review looks into the various modes of presentation, ways to minimise spillage, treating the complications, and the legal implications.
Warfarin and celecoxib interaction in the setting of cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) polymorphism with bleeding complication
Authors: Malhi H , Atac B , Daly A K , Gupta S 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Drug metabolism may be perturbed by genetically determined differences in the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The authors encountered extensive bleeding in a patient receiving warfarin for anticoagulation after the introduction of celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug. As the CYP2C9 enzyme metabolises these drugs, it was determined whether variant alleles were responsible for altering warfarin handling. Genetic analysis established that the patient was a compound heterozygote with CYP2C9*2 and *3 variant alleles, which exhibit lower drug metabolising capacity and enhance susceptibility to drug toxicity.
Neonatal congenital microvillus atrophy
Authors: Pecache N , Patole S , Hagan R , Hill D , Charles A , Papadimitriou J M 
Published: February 2004

Abstract
Congenital microvillous atrophy (CMVA) is the leading cause of neonatal secretory diarrhoea with onset either in the first 72 hours of life (early onset) or at 6–8 weeks after birth (late onset). To date over 30 cases have been reported worldwide. The prognosis for this life threatening condition continues to be poor. Therapeutic agents like somatostatin and epidermal growth factor are either ineffective or of marginal benefit. Overall five year survival after small bowel transplantation is currently ∼50%. The following brief review is aimed towards helping neonatologists/perinatologists in the early diagnosis, and management of CMVA and in counselling the parents appropriately.