bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables
Authors: Hudelmaier Martin , Glaser Christian , Englmeier Karl‐Hans , Reiser Maximilian , Putz Reinhard , Eckstein Felix 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that muscle cross‐sectional areas (MCSAs) are more highly (and independently) correlated with cartilage morphology than are body height and weight, and that the physiological reduction of cartilage thickness with aging is associated with a proportional, age‐dependent decrease in MCSAs. In 59 asymptomatic individuals (23–75 years old), morphological parameters of the knee cartilages (volume, thickness, and bone–cartilage interface area), and MCSAs were determined from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Multiple regression models were used to calculate which proportion of the variability of the normal cartilage morphology can be predicted based on independent variables. MCSAs and body height and weight showed correlation coefficients of +0.66, +0.60, and +0.25, respectively, with knee‐joint cartilage volume. The correlation coefficients with cartilage thickness were +0.44, +0.35, and +0.24, respectively. Age accounted for a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in cartilage thickness, but there was no proportional change of MCSAs. Approximately 76% of the variability of the knee cartilage volume could be predicted from independent variables in a multiple regression model with MCSAs contributing significant, independent information. In conclusion, we find that MCSAs are more highly correlated with cartilage morphology than are body height and weight. The significant decrease in cartilage volume and thickness with age is not associated with a proportional decrease in MCSAs. Anat Rec Part A 270A:175–184, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p75NTR in the spleen: Age‐dependent changes, effect of NGF and 4‐methylcatechol treatment, and structural changes in p75NTR‐deficient mice
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez M. , García‐Suárez O. , Esteban I. , Germanà A. , Fariñas I. , Naves F.J. , Vega J.A. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIn addition to their well‐known actions within the nervous system, neurotrophins and their receptors are involved in immune system functioning, as demonstrated by their wide distribution in lymphoid tissues and their in vitro actions on immunocompetent cells. Nevertheless, the in vivo roles of neurotrophin‐receptor systems in lymphoid tissues, as well as the scope of their influence throughout development and adulthood, are yet to be clarified. In the present study, we used combined morphological and immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the presence and cellular localization of p75NTR, the pan‐neurotrophin receptor protein, in rat spleen from newborns to aging individuals, and the structural and innervation changes in the spleens of p75NTR‐deficient mice. In rats, p75NTR was expressed by splenic nerve fibers and dendritic cells in an age‐regulated fashion, with maximal expression detected at 2 weeks. Consistently, the spleens of newborn mice lacking this receptor protein showed no signs of ingrowing sympathetic fibers, along with an absence of defined white pulp areas. The present findings suggest a prolonged role of p75NTR in the physiology of the spleen; at least during the embryonic development period, the receptor may be critical for correct innervation and compartmentalization processes to occur. Anat Rec Part A 270A:117–128, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of cadherin‐based intercellular junctions in the dermal papilla of the developing hair follicle
Authors: Nanba Daisuke , Nakanishi Yasuo , Hieda Yohki 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDuring hair follicle development, mesenchymal cells aggregate to form the dermal papilla with hair‐inducing activity. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the aggregative behavior of dermal papilla cells are less known. The present study demonstrates that cadherin‐based intercellular junctions interconnect dermal papilla cells in developing hair follicles of mice. It is shown that as mesenchymal cells aggregate to be surrounded by epithelium in developing hair follicles, cadherin‐11 comes to exhibit the dotted patterns of distribution. The appearance of the dot‐like distribution of the molecule is concomitant with the formation of intercellular junctions in the mesenchymal aggregate, which make a tightly packed population of cells with little extracellular space. At later stages of the development, although extracellular space reappears in the dermal papilla, the cells remain interconnected by well‐developed intercellular junctions, where cadherin‐11 as well as β‐catenin is localized. Taking into consideration the normal hair development in cadherin‐11 mutant mice, it might be that multiple cadherins are responsible for the establishment of intercellular junctions in the dermal papilla and serve to maintain the aggregative behavior of the cells. Anat Rec Part A 270A:97–102, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural morphology of adrenal chromaffin cells indicative of a process of piecemeal degranulation
Authors: Crivellato Enrico , Nico Beatrice , Perissin Laura , Ribatti Domenico 
Published: January 2003

AbstractChromaffin cells of the mouse adrenal medulla were found by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to exhibit ultrastructural changes suggestive of piecemeal degranulation (PMD), a unique model of cell secretion characterized by the slow release of granule materials without granules opening to the cell exterior. The expression of PMD was recognized in both adrenaline‐ and noradrenaline‐containing cells. Ultrastructural changes included specific granule and cytoplasmic morphologies. In adrenaline‐releasing cells the granule content was loosely packed or condensed, and surrounded by a clear halo. In noradrenaline‐storing cells, the granule material appeared asymmetically arranged and exhibited characteristic “semilunar” electron‐dense domains within the granule chambers. Notably, altered granules did not fuse with each other or with the plasma membrane, and were intermingled with normal, resting granules. Large, empty cytoplasmic containers or vacuoles filled with partially dissolved matrices were frequently observed. In addition, both adrenaline‐ and noradrenaline‐storing cells presented a rich supply of membrane‐bound, smooth vesicles (50–200 nm diameter) that were either free in the cytoplasm or attached to granules. The finding of ultrastructural features characteristic of PMD in adrenal chromaffin cells suggests that such a secretory model may be an alternative secretory pathway to regulated exocytosis. Moreover, these results support the hypothesis that PMD may be a general degranulation pattern in cells involved in paracrine‐endocrine secretion. Anat Rec Part A 270A:103–108, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of experimental diabetes on the structure and ultrastructure of the coagulating gland of C57BL/6J and NOD mice
Authors: Carvalho C.A.F. , Camargo A.M. , Cagnon V.H.A. , Padovani C.R. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractDiabetes mellitus can lead to reproductive disorders that in turn result in weakened fertility brought about by morphofunctional changes in the testes and accessory sex glands. However, doubts persist concerning the basic biology of the secretory epithelial cells and the stroma of the coagulating gland of diabetic mice. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the histological and ultrastructural changes associated with stereology of the coagulating gland of mice with alloxan‐induced diabetes, and of spontaneously diabetic mice. Sixteen mice of the C57BL/6J strain, and eight non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice were used. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) control (C), 2) alloxan diabetic (AD), and 3) NOD. Thirty days after the detection of diabetic status in group 2, all of the animals were killed and then perfused with Karnovsky's solution through the left cardiac ventricle. The coagulating gland was then removed and processed for morphometric study by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results showed thickening of the stroma, atrophy of secretory epithelial cells, and disorganization of the organelles involved in the secretory process in both NOD and alloxan‐induced mice. Thus, it may be concluded that the coagulating gland suffered drastic morphological changes, and consequently impaired glandular function, in the presence of diabetes mellitus type I in both NOD and AD mice. Anat Rec Part A 270A:129–136, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific biological functions of vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase and lysosomal cysteine proteinase, cathepsin K, in osteoclasts
Authors: Sahara Takako , Itoh Kanami , Debari Kazuhiro , Sasaki Takahisa 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe report the effects of specific and potent inhibitors of vacular‐type H+‐ATPase and lysosomal cysteine proteinases, cathepsins, on the ultrastructure, expression of these enzymes, and resorptive functions of cultured osteoclasts. Osteoclasts were formed by co‐culture of marrow cells and calvarial primary osteoblasts of ddY mice. Formed osteoclasts were cultured on dentine slices for 6–48 hr with either an H+‐ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, or a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, E‐64. In control cultures with no additive, osteoclasts were structurally characterized by the development of ruffled borders and clear zones, and formed many resorption lacunae on dentine slices. Both H+‐ATPase and cathepsin K were strongly expressed in the ruffled borders of these osteoclasts. In bafilomycin A1‐treated cultures, osteoclasts lacked ruffled borders, and resorption lacuna formation was markedly diminished. This effect of bafilomycin A1 on osteoclast structure was reversible by removal of the compound. Bafilomycin A1 treatment altered the subcellular localization and decreased the expression of H+‐ATPase molecules. H+‐ATPase expression was observed throughout the cytoplasm, but not along the plasma membranes facing dentine slices. On the other hand, E‐64 treatment did not affect the ultrastructure of osteoclasts and the expression of enzyme molecules. Although E‐64 showed no effect on demineralization of dentine slices, it dose‐dependently reduced resorption lacuna formation. Our results suggest that 1) bafilomycin A1 dose‐dependently inhibits resorption lacuna formation via inhibition of ruffled border formation, 2) H+‐ATPase expression is closely associated with the cytoskeleton of osteoclasts, and 3) E‐64 treatment decreases the depth of resorption lacunae, by inhibition of secreted cathepsin K activity, but does not impair ruffled border formation and the associated expression of H+‐ATPase and cathepsin K in osteoclasts. Anat Rec Part A 270A:152–161, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the meniscus at the solid/liquid interface on the SAR distribution in Petri dishes and flasks
Authors: Schuderer Jürgen , Kuster Niels 
Published: January 2003

AbstractSeveral authors have reported that the meniscus as occurring at the walls of Petri dishes and flasks (solid–liquid interface) can significantly affect the SAR distribution in the entire dish and flask, while others have ignored this effect. In this study, this effect has been comprehensively analyzed by numerical means supported by theoretical considerations. The focus is on E polarization, which results in the most homogeneous exposure for monolayer cell cultures and therefore is the most often applied polarization in exposure setups for risk assessment studies. This includes setups based on TEM cells, waveguides, radial transmission lines (RTL), and HF chambers. The conclusion of this study is that the meniscus and its size have a significant effect on the strength and homogeneity of the induced SAR distribution. Hence, the meniscus needs to be accounted for in the determination of the averaged SAR as well as in the uncertainty assessment. It has also been demonstrated that a voxel size of less than 0.2 mm is needed to predict the SAR values for a monolayer of cells accurately. Bioelectromagnetics 24:103–108, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 60 Hz magnetic field does not affect the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas in SENCAR mice
Authors: McLean J.R. , Thansandote A. , McNamee J.P. , Tryphonas L. , Lecuyer D. , Gajda G. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractTwo groups of SENCAR mice were treated with a single dose of carcinogen and then, for 23 weeks, with a chemical tumor promoter to induce skin tumors. During this period, one group was coexposed to a 2 mT power frequency (60 Hz) magnetic field, while the other was exposed to sham conditions. Application of the tumor promoter ceased after 23 weeks, but the exposure to sham conditions or magnetic fields continued for an additional 29 weeks. No difference was found between the two groups of mice in terms of the incidence of total tumors (P = .297) or squamous cell carcinomas (SSC) (P = .501). In summary, there was no evidence to support the hypotheses that 60 Hz magnetic fields (MF) can influence the development of either papillomas or SSC under our defined experimental conditions. The overall results add to previous animal studies that find no association between exposure to 60 Hz MF and the incidence of benign or malignant tumors. Bioelectromagnetics 24:75–81, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ELF magnetic fields induce internalization of gap junction protein connexin 43 in Chinese hamster lung cells
Authors: Zeng Q.L. , Chiang H. , Hu G.L. , Mao G.G. , Fu Y.T. , Lu D.Q. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that exposure of Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) and/or 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐3‐acetate (TPA)‐inhibited gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). To explore and compare the mechanisms of GJIC inhibition induced by extremely low frequency (ELF) MF and TPA, the number and localization of connexin 43 (Cx43) were studied. The localization of Cx43 was determined with indirect immunofluorescence histochemical analysis and detected by confocal microscopy after exposing CHL cells to 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.8 mT for 24 h without or with TPA (5 ng/ml) for the last 1 h. The Cx43 levels in nuclei and in cytoplasm were examined by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the cells exposed to MF and/or TPA displayed individual plaques at regions of intercellular contact, which were fewer than the normal cells in number, while the number of Cx43 in cytoplasm increased and congregated near the nuclei. Western blot analysis further demonstrated the quantity of changes in location of Cx43. These results suggest that reduction of Cx43 at regions of intercellular contact may be one of the mechanisms of GJIC inhibition induced by ELF MF. Bioelectromagnetics 24:134–138, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of strong static magnetic field on lymphocytes
Authors: Aldinucci Carlo , Garcia Julian Blanco , Palmi Mitri , Sgaragli Gianpietro , Benocci Alberto , Meini Antonella , Pessina Federica , Rossi Claudio , Bonechi Claudia , Pessina Gian Paolo 
Published: January 2003

AbstractWe investigated whether static electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at a flux density of 4.75 T, generated by an NMR apparatus (NMRF), could promote movements of Ca2+, cell proliferation, and the eventual production of proinflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as in Jurkat cells, after exposure to the field for 1 h. The same study was also performed after activation of cells with 5 mg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Our results clearly demonstrate that static NMRF exposure has neither proliferative, nor activating, nor proinflammatory effects on both normal and PHA activated PBMC. Moreover, the concentration of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐2, interleukin‐6, interferon, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) remained unvaried in exposed cells. Exposure of Jurkat cells statistically decreased the proliferation and the proliferation indexes, which 24 and 48 h after exposure were 0.7 ± 0.29 and 0.87 ± 0.12, respectively. Moreover, in Jurkat cells the [Ca2+]i was higher than in PBMC and was reduced significantly to about one half after exposure. This is consistent with the decrease of proliferation and with the low levels of IL‐2 measured. On the whole, our data suggest that NMRF exposure failed to affect the physiologic behaviour of normal lymphomonocytes. Instead in Jurkat cells, by changing the properties of cell membranes, NMRF can influence Ca2+ transport processes, and hence Ca2+ homeostasis with improvement of proliferation. Bioelectromagnetics 24:109–117, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circularly polarised MF (500 μT 50 Hz) does not acutely suppress melatonin secretion from cultured Wistar rat pineal glands
Authors: Tripp H.M. , Warman G.R. , Arendt J. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractMagnetic fields (MF, 50 Hz) have been proposed to affect melatonin production in mammals; however, there is very little data about the mechanism by which this possible interaction may occur. Here we describe results from the first study in which circularly polarised 50 Hz MF have been administered to isolated pineals in highly controlled conditions. Melatonin release from isolated Wistar rat pineal glands, dissected 2 h after light onset ZT 2, was measured in a flow through culture system, during and after exposure to a 4 h MF similar in nature and magnitude to that produced in extremely close proximity to a high voltage power line (500 μT 50 Hz circularly polarised). Melatonin release from isolated pineals was comparable to that observed in previous studies, plateauing to ∼100 pg/ml/30 min. No significant alterations in pineal melatonin release were caused by exposure to the MF when compared to sham exposure (< 1 μT). These results suggest that if the circadian system is acutely responsive to MF exposure of this nature, an intact circadian axis may be necessary in order to observe an effect on the production on melatonin from the pineal gland. Bioelectromagnetics 24:118–124, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ELF fields and photooxidation yielding lethal effects on cancer cells
Authors: Traitcheva Nelly , Angelova Plamena , Radeva Maria , Berg Hermann 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe lethal effect on human cancer cells was studied under three types of treatment: A) an ELF pulsed sinusoidal of 50 Hz electromagnetic field (PEMF) with amplitudes between 10 and 55 mT; B) the field and a cytostatic agent (actinomycin‐C); and C) the field, the cytostatic agent, which has a photodynamic effect, and exposure to a halogen lamp. The results show a decreasing vitality of human K‐562 and U‐937 cancer cells in suspension with each additional treatment. Combination with other parameters as hyperthermia and/or hyperacidity could yield high killing rates by this noninvasive method. Bioelectromagnetics 24:148–150, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulation and microswitch‐based programs for enhancing indices of happiness: a maintenance assessment
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , O'Reilly Mark F. , Singh Nirbhay N. , Oliva Doretta , Campodonico Francesca , Groeneweg Jop 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThis study assessed whether stimulation and microswitch‐based programs maintained their positive impact on indices of happiness over time. Three people with multiple disabilities, who had participated in a study comparing these programs, continued to be exposed to them over a maintenance period of 5 or 6 months. Maintenance data showed that the frequencies of indices of happiness increased or remained unchanged for two participants and declined for the third. The frequencies of microswitch activations were higher for two of the participants and largely unchanged for the other. Procedural aspects of the study, implications of the findings, and relevant issues for new research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of dropping in‐situation safety behaviors in the treatment of social phobia
Authors: Garcia‐Palacios A. , Botella C. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractOver the past years, important advances in the cognitive–behavioral treatment of social phobia have taken place. There is wide evidence that demonstrates exposure is an effective treatment for social phobia. However, some research has noticed that exposure has limitations in treating this disorder. In clinical practice we find patients who do not achieve marked reductions in anxiety using this technique. One of the mechanisms that can be involved is the use of in‐situation safety behaviors, which patients use to prevent the feared consequences in social situations. The aim of this study is to present a single case study where we compare the improvement achieved using exposure alone versus exposure dropping in‐situation safety behaviors. The social phobic patient improved significantly when exposure was combined with the drop of in‐situation safety behaviors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classroom applications of the disequilibrium model of reinforcement
Authors: Johnson Jesse W. , Munk Dennis D. , Van Laarhoven Toni , Repp Alan C. , Dahlquist Carol M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractThe present study investigated applications of the disequilibrium model of reinforcement in typical classroom contexts with students perceived by their teachers as being difficult to motivate. The disequilibrium model states that reinforcing effects are produced when access to any response (task) is constrained so that an individual cannot meet an (unconstrained) baseline level for that response (task). The implication of the model is that low‐probability (low‐preference) responses can be constrained and used as reinforcers, a seeming contradiction to the common practice of using a high‐probability response to reinforce increases in a low‐probability response.The present study investigated the effects of disequilibrium schedules of reinforcement with six students with several disabilities in classroom contexts. The specific research questions were (i) whether disequilibrium schedules would produce reinforcing effects if both the instrumental and contingent tasks were of moderate to low preference for the student; (ii) how effects of disequilibrium schedules would compare with those of a teacher‐generated contingency; and (iii) what effects disequilibrium schedules would have with students who engage in non‐task responding during the baseline period.Results suggest that disequilibrium schedules are effective when used with moderate to low‐preference tasks. Results of the comparison with teacher‐generated contingencies were mixed. Results do suggest that the presence of higher levels of non‐task responding during the baseline period may affect subsequent effectiveness of disequilibrium schedules calculated from the baseline. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The treatment of dangerous behavior
Authors: Foxx Richard M. 
Published: January 2003

AbstractIndividuals who display dangerous behavior towards others have historically been under‐treated and under‐researched. This paper discusses three published case studies wherein adult males were effectively treated for severe aggression towards others, the environment, and, in two cases, self‐injury. All were diagnosed as having mental retardation and two also had a psychiatric diagnosis. All had experienced years of failed attempts to control their aggression through large pharmacological interventions and restricting their freedom of movement via restrictive environments. The use of comprehensive multifaceted behavioral programs involving punishment resulted in dramatic and long lasting reductions in aggression, the elimination or great reduction of drug use, and major lifestyle improvements. The conceptual, clinical, political, legal, philosophical, and ethical considerations that arose during the development and implementation of the programs are discussed as well as scientific issues related to achieving long term maintenance. An early published case study (Martin & Foxx, 1973) is discussed first because it illustrates how an informal functional analysis was used to design a very simple and effective non‐punishment treatment program for a woman who displayed dangerous aggression. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.