bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of COX-2 in Stomach Cancers and Its Relation to Their Biological Features
Authors: Han Shao-Liang , Tang Huai-Jing , Hua Ya-Wei , Ji She-Qing , Lin Dong-Xin 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background/Aim:</i> Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the key isoenzymes in the production of prostaglandins, and is believed to be involved in carcinogenesis. This study was conducted to examine the role of COX-2 in the development and biological behavior of stomach cancer. <i>Methods:</i> Expression of COX-2 at the mRNA and protein levels was analyzed using RT-PCR and immunoblotting assay in 50 cancerous and corresponding non-cancerous tissue specimens. Also, COX-2 expression was detected by an immunohistochemical method in 55 paraffin-embedded gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. <i>Results:</i> Of the 50 carcinoma tissue samples analyzed, 38 (76.0%) had overexpression of COX-2 as compared to the paired non-cancerous specimens. The overexpression of COX-2 (91.7%) was more prevalent in tumors with sizes of >5 cm than those (61.5%) of ≤5 cm (p < 0.05). COX-2 overexpression was higher in tumors with >6 metastatic nodes compared to those with ≤6 metastatic nodes (100.0 vs. 61.3%, p < 0.01). The rate of COX-2 overexpression in non-signet ring cell carcinoma was significantly higher compared with signet ring cell carcinoma (84.1 vs. 16.7%, p < 0.05). The rate of COX-2 overexpression (86.8 or 90.9%) in patients with a cancer invasion depth of pT3 + pT4 or with stage III + IV was significantly higher than that (41.7 or 47.1%) in patients with pT1 + pT2 or with stage I + II (both p < 0.01). Furthermore, consistent with the results at the protein and mRNA levels, immunohistochemical stain indicated that COX-2 protein was overexpressed in 39 of 55 (70.9%) carcinomas, and the 5-year survival rate (25.6%) for patients with COX-2 overexpression seemed better than that (50.0%) of patients without overexpression, though the difference was not significant (p < 0.05). <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results indicate that COX-2 may play a role in the development of gastric cancer and its overexpression is associated with lymphatic metastasis, tumor invasion and differentiation of gastric carcinoma.
Antiproliferative Activity of the Extract of <i>Gleditsia sinensis</i> Fruit on Human Solid Tumour Cell Lines
Authors: Chow L.M.C. , Tang J.C.O. , Teo I.T.N. , Chui C.H. , Lau F.Y. , Leung T.W.T. , Cheng G. , Wong R.S.M. , Wong I.L.K. , Tsang K.M.S. , Tan W.Q. , Zhao Y.Z. , Lai K.B. , Lam W.H. , Guo D.A. , Chan A.S.C. 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background:</i> The fruit extract of <i>Gleditsia sinensis</i> Lam. (GSE) is a traditional herbal medicine that is saponin-rich. However, its activity on solid tumour cell lines has never been demonstrated. <i>Methods:</i> The activity of GSE was demonstrated in four cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB231, hepatoblastoma HepG2 and oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell line SLMT-1) using MTT assay, anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay, DNA laddering and in situ cell death detection. <i>Results:</i> The mean MTT<sub>50</sub> (the mean concentration of GSE to reduce MTT activity by 50%) ranged from 16 to 20 µg/ml of GSE. An anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay showed that all of the four solid tumour cell lines gradually lost their regeneration potential after treatment with GSE, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL analysis demonstrated that the action of GSE is both dose- and time course-dependent. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our results suggest that GSE has a cytotoxic activity and can induce apoptosis in human solid tumour cell lines.
Synergy between tumor immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Nair Smita , Boczkowski David , Moeller Benjamin , Dewhirst Mark , Vieweg Johannes , Gilboa Eli 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that combination of antiangiogenic therapy and tumor immunotherapy of cancer is synergistic. To inhibit angiogenesis, mice were immunized with dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with mRNA that encode products that are preferentially expressed during neoangiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and Tie2 expressed in proliferating endothelial cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressed in the angiogenic stroma as well as the tumor cells used in this study. Immunization of mice against VEGF or VEGFR-2 stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and led to partial inhibition of angiogenesis. Antiangiogenic immunity was not associated with morbidity or mortality except for a transient impact on fertility seen in mice immunized against VEGFR-2, but not VEGF. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice immunized against VEGF, VEGFR-2, and Tie2, either before tumor challenge or in the setting of pre-existing disease in murine B16/F10.9 melanoma and MBT-2 bladder tumor models. Coimmunization of mice against VEGFR-2 or Tie2 and total tumor RNA exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect. Synergism was also observed when mice were coimmunized with various combinations of defined tumor-expressed antigens, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) or TRP-2, and VEGF or VEGFR-2. This study shows that coimmunizing mice against angiogenesis-associated and tumor-expressed antigens can deliver 2 compatible and synergistic cancer treatment modalities via a common treatment, namely immunization.
Multidrug resistance protein attenuates gemtuzumab ozogamicin–induced cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Walter Roland B. , Raden Brian W. , Hong Tom C. , Flowers David A. , Bernstein Irwin D. , Linenberger Michael L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractGemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a novel immunoconjugate therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). P-glycoprotein (Pgp) confers resistance to GO and is associated with a worse clinical response. To address whether multidrug resistance protein (MRP) affects GO susceptibility, we characterized Pgp, MRP1, and MRP2 expression in CD33+ cell lines and CD33+ AML samples and analyzed the effect of the Pgp inhibitor cyclosporine (CSA) and the MRP inhibitor MK-571 on GO-induced cytotoxicity. MRP1, but not MRP2, expression correlated with MRP activity. MK-571 enhanced GO-induced cytotoxicity in Pgpnegative/MRP-positive NB4 and HL-60 cells. CSA, but not MK-571 alone, restored GO susceptibility in Pgp-positive/MRP-positive TF1 cells; however, MK-571 enhanced cytotoxicity in the presence of CSA. All patient samples exhibited MRP activity, and 17 of 23 exhibited Pgp activity. CSA increased GO-induced cytotoxicity in 12 Pgp-positive samples, whereas MK-571 alone was effective in only one sample with minimal Pgp activity. In 3 Pgp-positive/MRP-positive samples, MK-571 enhanced GO-induced cytotoxicity in the presence of CSA. Thus, MRP1 may attenuate susceptibility to GO. This effect was comparatively less than that for Pgp and required the inhibition of Pgp for detection in cells that coexpressed both transporters. Because MK-571 and CSA failed to affect cytotoxicity in a portion of Pgp-positive/MRP-positive AML samples, additional resistance mechanisms are likely important.
Synovial Sarcoma of Childhood and Adolescence: A Multicenter, Multivariate Analysis of Outcome
Authors: Okcu Mehmet Fatih , Munsell Mark , Treuner Joern , Mattke Adrian , Pappo Alberto , Cain Alvida , Ferrari Andrea , Casanova Michela , Ozkan Alp , Raney Beverly 
Published: April 2003

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors related to outcome in 219 children and adolescents with synovial sarcoma. Patients and Methods: We combined the experiences of the four following research groups: Cooperative Weichteilsarkomastudie Group, Germany (n = 95); St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN (n = 49); Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (n = 33); and The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (n = 42). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 13 years (range, 1 to 20 years), and the median follow-up was 6.6 years (range, 0.5 to 30.7 years). The estimated 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates for the entire group were 80% ± 3% (SE) and 72% ± 3%, respectively. A previously unreported interaction between tumor size and invasiveness was observed that statistically significantly related to outcome. In multivarible analysis, patients with T1B and T2B disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9 to 16.2; and HR = 5.9, 95% CI, 2.1 to 16.4, respectively) or Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) Clinical Group III and IV disease (HR = 2.7, 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.5; and HR = 14.1, 95% CI, 4.3 to 31.3, respectively) had poor overall survival. Treatment with radiotherapy was related to improved overall survival (HR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7). In IRS Group III patients, objective response to chemotherapy (18 of 30, 60%) correlated with improved survival. Conclusion: Clinical group, tumor size, and invasiveness are important prognostic factors. Multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed to determine both the effect of chemotherapy on survival and the necessity of local radiotherapy in patients with completely resected tumors.
Provider Delay Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Germany: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Arndt Volker , Stürmer Til , Stegmaier Christa , Ziegler Hartwig , Becker Annelie , Brenner Hermann 
Published: April 2003

Purpose: Delaying the diagnosis and initiation of treatment of cancer is likely to result in tumor progression and a worse prognosis. We examined sources and consequences of provider delay among female breast cancer patients in a population-based study in Germany. Patients and Methods: Three hundred eighty women, who were ages 18 to 80 years and who had invasive breast cancer, were interviewed with respect to the diagnostic process. Provider delay was defined as time from first presentation to a health care provider until initiation of cancer treatment. Results: Median provider delay was 15 days and did not substantially differ by the specialty of first consulted physician. Delays in the diagnostic work-up were mainly because of erroneous initial suspicion of a benign breast disease or because of time constraints by patients or physicians. Provider delay over 3 months was found in 11% of all breast cancer cases and was associated with patient characteristics such as higher education (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 5.4), full-time employment (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.5), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.2), and presenting with a non–breast symptom (OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 10.9). The association between duration of diagnostic work-up and stage at diagnosis was U shaped, with the highest proportions of metastasized breast cancer tumors among women with very short (< 7 days) or very long (> 3 months) duration. Conclusion: Diagnostic work-up is within reasonably short time limits among most patients with breast cancer in Germany. Although the association between delay and tumor stage seems to be complex, any delay in diagnostic work-up should be kept to a minimum.
Adjuvant Immunization of HLA-A2–Positive Melanoma Patients With a Modified gp100 Peptide Induces Peptide-Specific CD8+T-Cell Responses
Authors: Smith John W. , Walker Edwin B. , Fox Bernard A. , Haley Daniel , Wisner Ketura P. , Doran Teri , Fisher Brenda , Justice Lisa , Wood William , Vetto John , Maecker Holden , Dols Annemiek , Meijer Sybren , Hu Hong-Ming , Romero Pedro , Alvord W. Gregory , Urba Walter J. 
Published: April 2003

Purpose: To measure the CD8+T-cell response to a melanoma peptide vaccine and to compare an every-2-weeks with an every-3-weeks vaccination schedule.Patients and Methods: Thirty HLA-A2–positive patients with resected stage I to III melanoma were randomly assigned to receive vaccinations every 2 weeks (13 vaccines) or every 3 weeks (nine vaccines) for 6 months. The synthetic, modified gp100 peptide, g209–2M, and a control peptide, HPV16 E7, were mixed in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant and injected subcutaneously. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained before and after vaccination by leukapheresis were analyzed using a fluorescence-based HLA/peptide-tetramer binding assay and cytokine flow cytometry.Results: Vaccination induced an increase in peptide-specific T cells in 28 of 29 patients. The median frequency of CD8+T cells specific for the g209–2M peptide increased markedly from 0.02% before to 0.34% after vaccination (P < .0001). Eight patients (28%) exhibited peptide-specific CD8+T-cell frequencies greater than 1%, including two patients with frequencies of 4.96% and 8.86%, respectively. Interferon alfa-2b–treated patients also had significant increases in tetramer-binding cells (P < .0001). No difference was observed between the every-2-weeks and the every-3-weeks vaccination schedules (P = .59).Conclusion: Flow cytometric analysis of HLA/peptide-tetramer binding cells was a reliable means of quantifying the CD8+T-cell response to peptide immunization. This assay may be suitable for use in future trials to optimize different vaccination strategies. Concurrent interferon treatment did not inhibit the development of a peptide-specific immune response and vaccination every 2 weeks, and every 3 weeks produced similar results.
Phase II Trial of Intravenous CI-1042 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hamid Oday , Varterasian Mary L. , Wadler Scott , Hecht J. Randolph , Benson Al , Galanis Evanthia , Uprichard Margaret , Omer Charles , Bycott Paul , Hackman Robert C. , Shields Anthony F. 
Published: April 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor activity, safety, immune response, and replication of CI-1042 (ONYX-015), an E1B 55-kd gene-deleted replication-selective adenovirus, administered intravenously to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients with metastatic colorectal cancer for whom prior chemotherapy failed were enrolled onto an open-label, multicenter, phase II study. CI-1042 was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 × 1012 viral particles every 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated for tumor response and toxicity; in addition, blood samples were taken for adenovirus DNA and neutralizing antibody analysis. Results: Common toxicities included flu-like symptoms, nausea, and emesis. All 18 patients eventually were removed from study because of progressive disease. Seven patients were assessed as having stable disease after 2 months of treatment, whereas two patients were considered to have stable disease after 4 months. Detectable circulating CI-1042 DNA was identified in 36% of patients 72 hours after last infusion, which is suggestive of ongoing viral replication. Conclusion: In this phase II study, intravenous CI-1042 was administered safely to patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Toxicity was manageable, consisting primarily of flu-like symptoms. Stable disease was experienced by seven patients for 11 to 18 weeks.
The more electric aircraft—assessing the benefits
Authors: Jones R I 
Published: April 2003

The concept of the more electric aircraft (MEA), where electrical power is used for at least some of the on-board functions at present powered by hydraulics and pneumatics, has many claimed benefits and is far from new. However, almost all larger aircraft retain hydraulics and pneumatics. Over recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the MEA concept, with developments in relevant technologies and their adoption in other areas of engineering. In support of UK efforts on this and related concepts, the College of Aeronautics has been performing studies since the mid 1980s to assess the benefits of changes. This paper describes the background to these studies and the relationships between them as well as some of their findings, concluding that it is important that such assessment work should be continued in the future.
Theoretical Study on the Structures and Absorption Properties of Yellow Azomethine Dyes
Authors: Ichijima Seiji , Fukunaga Hiroo , Kobayashi Hidetoshi , Ishihara Makoto , Koga Nobuaki 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
To examine the relationship between the structural features and the visible absorption spectra of yellow α-acylacetanilide azomethine dyes, we carried out measurements of the visible absorption spectra, X-ray crystal structure analyses, and density functional theory calculations for 2-benzoyl-2-[N-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)imino]-2′-chloroacetanilide (BA) and 2-[N-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)imino]-2-pivaloyl-2′-chloroacetanilide (PA). BA shows a visible absorption spectrum, which has a relatively high molar extinction coefficient and an unwanted absorption curve in the green region, while PA shows a visible absorption spectrum, which has a relatively low molar extinction coefficient and a sharp cut absorption curve in the green region. BA and PA have a common structural feature that the p-aminophenyl fragment is coplanar with the azomethine-carbamoyl (–N=C–CONH–) fragment, resulting in a chromophore, but is perpendicular to the acyl fragment. The stable structures are dominated by the effect of π-conjugation in the chromophore moiety and a repulsive interaction between the p-aminophenyl fragment and the acyl fragment. The potential energy curve for the rotation of the p-aminophenyl fragment shows two minima, and suggests that in BA two conformations coexist in equilibrium, while PA takes only single conformation in equilibrium. The difference in the absorption spectra of BA and PA is mainly attributed to the number of conformers coexisting in equilibrium.
Syntheses and Magnetic Properties of Ruthenium(II,III) Pivalate Dimers Axially Coordinated by Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals [Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(L)2]BF4 and [{Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(L)2}{Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(H2O)2}]n(BF4)2n, L = 2,4,4,5,5-Pentamethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide and 2-Ethyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide
Authors: Sayama Yasuyoshi , Handa Makoto , Mikuriya Masahiro , Hiromitsu Ichiro , Kasuga Kuninobu 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The reaction of [Ru2II,III(O2CCMe3)4]BF4 with nitronyl nitroxide radicals (2,4,4,5,5-pentamethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide (nitme) and 2-ethyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide (nitet)) in CH2Cl2/hexane gave dimer and chain complexes [Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(L)2]BF4 and [{Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(L)2}{Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(H2O)2}]n(BF4)2n (L = nitme and nitet). The latter complexes have a chain structure formed by hydrogen bonds between the axial radical ligands and the water molecules. It was shown that the antiferromagnetic interaction between the coordinated radicals through the Ru–Ru bond as well as the ferromagnetic interaction between the radical and the Ru(II,III) dimeric core are operative for all of the complexes. Both of the magnetic interactions were concluded to result from their axial Ru–Oax–N bond angles being close to 120°. The hydrogen bonds were not found to be magnetically important in the chain complexes.
Chemical Modification of Lacquer Tree Paint Using Primary Amines
Authors: Watanabe Osamu , Nagai Katsutoshi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
An investigation was undertaken on a chemical modification of urushi paint using a small amount of primary amines as additives by taking advantage of their reactivity with urushiol, one of the main components of urushi liquid, at room temperature. The first modification method is related to an accelerated curing reaction of urushi paint, as a result of an enhanced formation of reversed micelles of urushiol. With this method, a large reduction in the curing time and curing at low humidity were achieved, and the light resistance of the cured film was also improved, as evaluated by an accelerated exposure test. The second modification method is based on the functionality of a compound linked to urushiol. Primary amine, having a water-repellent property, was synthesized, added to urushi liquid, and then cured. The resulting film demonstrated a good water-repellent property, and maintained this property even against degradation under accelerated exposure. These primary amines as additives undergo neither bleeding nor elution from urushi film, because they combine with urushiol. In addition, because these methods are based on a homogeneous mixing of additives and urushi liquid, they have advantages that neither large-scale plants nor equipment investment is required for their production.
Nucleophilic Reactions of 5-tert-Butyl-2-methoxy-3H-azepine with Alkoxides and Alkyllithium Reagents
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Satake Kyosuke , Ikui Ryusuke , Okamoto Hideki , Kimura Masaru 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The reaction of 5-tert-butyl-2-methoxy-3H-azepine (2a) with sodium alkoxides gave 2-alkoxy-3H-azepine derivatives 3–6 by nucleophilic transetherification. The treatment of 2a with tert-butyllithium also yielded 2,5-di-tert-butyl-3H-azepine (7); however, the reaction of 2a and methyllithium gave the expected 5-tert-butyl-2-methyl-3H-azepine (8) along with unexpected 5-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-azepine (9), but also 5,5′-di(tert-butyl)-2,2′-methylenedi(3H-azepine) (11), the structure of which was found to be tautomerized 5-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-azepin-2-ylidenemethyl)-3H-azepine (12). The energy profile for the observed tautomerization is discussed based on ab initio DFT calculations and kinetic measurements.
Stereoselective Crossed Aldol Reaction via Boron Enolates Generated from α-Iodo Ketones and 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Takuwa Tomofumi , Yamane Keiko , Imachi Shouhei 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Boron enolates were in situ-generated reductively by treating various α-iodo ketones such as 2-iodo-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 2-iodo-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one, 2-iodopentan-3-one, 2-iodo-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 3,4-dihydro-2-iodo-1(2H)-naphthalenone, 2-iodo-1-phenylethan-1-one and 1-iodo-4-phenylbutan-2-one with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN). Aldols were produced in good yields with good to high diastereoselectivities by subsequent reaction of boron enolates thus formed with various aldehydes. Several boron enolates derived from α-iodo ketones and pinacolatoborane were successfully isolated by distillation, though the yields were rather moderate.
Static and Dynamic Stereochemistry of O-Substituted N-9-Triptycylhydroxylamines
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku , Agawa Chiharu , Minoura Mao 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The static and dynamic stereochemistry of N-9-triptycylhydroxylamine derivatives (TpNHOR) with O-benzyl (3), O-ethyl (4), and O-phenyl (5) groups were studied. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that these compounds reside in a chiral conformation, with the Tp–N–O–R dihedral angle of 140–160°. Dynamic NMR studies of 3 and 4 show the presence of two separate stereomutation processes: chirality reversal (enantiomer interconversion) and rotation of the Tp–N bond with retaining the chirality, the latter having a lower energy barrier. Compound 5 gave solely information on the Tp–N rotation because of the lack of a probe for chirality reversal.