bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBSTETRIC PRACTICE AND EPIDURAL ANALGESIA
Authors: Nicholas A. D. G. , Tipton R. H. , Wheatley C. J. , Bircumshaw J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe problems of introducing epidural analgesia into the labour wards are discussed and the results of a double blind trial of 1 per cent lignocaine and 0·25 per cent bupivicaine are presented. The trial included 84 patients having continuous caudal analgesia. Bupivicaine was the more satisfactory analgesic agent. Epidural analgesia has a definite part in obstetric management as well as being a safe and efficient method of pain relief in labour.
A METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PREGNANEDIOL IN AMNIOTIC FLUID
Authors: Klopper A. , Wilson G. R. , Shearman R. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA method for the estimation of pregnanediol in liquor amnii has been devised. It consists of extraction of the liquor with Delsal's reagent, evaporation of the solvent and partition of the residue between water, hexane and toluene. An internal standard of radioactive pregnanediol is added to the aqueous phase which is submitted to hot acid hydrolysis under toluene overlay. After hydrolysis the pregnanediol is further purified as in the method described by Klopper, Michie and Brown (1955). This includes chromatography on columns of aluminium oxide first as the free steroid and then as the diacetate. A chromatography standard of androstenedione is added to the eluate containing pregnanediol diacetate. After removing an aliquot for radioactivity measurement the steroids are determined by gas‐liquid chromatography. The data on the reliability of the method are given.
THE USE OF COLICINE TYPING IN A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF INFECTING URINARY ORGANISM TO THE FAECAL FLORA IN PREGNANT PATIENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT BACTERIURIA
Authors: Mustafa Mutasim Abubakr , Dunbar J. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a study of pregnant patients with significant bacteriuria the colicine type of Escherichia coli recovered from two or more specimens of urine was constant for each patient. Faecal strains tested in the same way were of variable colicine type but detailed results on two patients were consistent with the existence of a constant and variable colicine type. The constant colicine type was the same as that found in the urine.
EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON SERUM FOLIC ACID CONTENT
Authors: Castrén O. M. , Rossi R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty healthy women were examined before and after three months treatment with oral contraceptives to see whether the treatment affected the serum folic acid content. Three combined regimens were used. Prior to treatment serum folic acid was 6·0±2·4 ng./ml. and after treatment 5·5±2·2 ng./ml. No difference was noted between drugs containing different oestrogen‐progestagen components. Treatment of longer duration, 5–32 cycles, did not affect serum folic acid levels significantly. The haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume remained unchanged during the period of treatment.
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND SERUM LIPIDS
Authors: Barton Gwen M. G. , Freeman Peter R. , Lawson June P. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum cholesterol and triglyceride were estimated in subjects taking oral contra‐ ceptives in three different dose regimes. Tests were made at three‐monthly intervals for two years. A rise in serum cholesterol and triglyceride was seen in those taking contraceptives containing both oestrogen and progestagen, but not in those receiving progestagen only. The rise was greater in those on the higher dose combined pill, and serum triglyceride rose more than cholesterol. The rise began early and was maintained throughout. In a separate group of subjects who had previously been taking oral contraceptives for over 30 months a fall in serum cholesterol and triglyceride was found following withdrawal of oral contraceptives for six months. The results show that the adverse effect of oral contraceptives on lipid metabolism is due to oestrogen and not progestagen.
LOSS OF SKELETAL CALCIUM IN LACTATING WOMEN
Authors: Atkinson P. J. , West R. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe calcium changes which occur during lactation have been measured in the lower femoral shaft of ten subjects. Measurements were made by scanning the leg with a photon beam from 241Am. The results obtained from the scan trace were expressed as a “bone index” which was proportional to the bone in g. per unit length of the femur shaft. Mineral losses varied from subject to subject but the mean for all ten was a loss of 2·2 per cent over 100 days. The changes were of the same order as those which were observed in metabolic balance studies during lactation. The present method provides a valuable means of measuring such small bone mineral changes directly.
NEONATAL JAUNDICE IN CHINESE NEWBORNS
Authors: Lee K. H. , Yeung K. K. , Yeung C. Y. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryNeonatal jaundice (15 mg. or more of total bilirubin per 100 ml.) occurred in 2687 out of 22 122 babies in Hong Kong (12·1 per cent). Jaundice was significantly more common in summer, in first born babies and in male infants.The aetiology of neonatal jaundice in Chinese newborn infants is different from that in western communities.Vacuum extraction was found to predispose to neonatal jaundice even when no obvious cephalhaematoma developed.
THE UTERUS AS CONTRIBUTOR OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR TO THE BLOOD
Authors: Menon I. Sudhakaran , Barron S. L. , Weightman Doris , Dewar H. A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIt is suggested that the uterus makes a contribution of plasminogen activator to the circulation of the body which may play an important part in the prevention of pelvic thrombosis.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Ginz Beryl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐six cases of myocardial infarction during pregnancy, reported in the literature since 1922, together with three new cases from National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, are reviewed. The incidence of the condition appears to be about 1 in 10000 deliveries and the mortality is just under 30 per cent; the mortality appears to be highest in the puerperal patients, and surprisingly in those patients under 35 years of age. Present knowledge of the value of anticoagulants in the female patient with myocardial infarction, pregnant or otherwise, probably does not justify the use of such drugs, and the management of labour depends only on obstetrical circumstances.
THE 30‐MINUTE SYNACTHEN TEST IN PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
Authors: Campbell Stuart , Bain Christopher , Dewhurst C. J. , Fotherby K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChanges in plasma cortisol levels following the 30‐minute Synacthen test were studied in 13 women throughout normal pregnancy and in the non‐pregnant state. The plasma 11 OHCS response to Synacthen was also studied during labour in 9 of the 13 patients. A rise in resting plasma glucocorticoids as pregnancy progressed was found, similar to that described by previous workers. The post synacthen response was normal in early and mid pregnancy, enhanced in the third trimester and diminished during labour. The significance of these results is discussed.
OVULATION—ITS DETECTION AND EVALUATION USING MULTIPLE CRITERIA IN THE INFERTILE WOMAN
Authors: Pennington G. W. , Beazley J. M. , Wilson E. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySix subfertile women were each studied by basal body temperature, bi‐weekly hormone excretion assays, uterine curettage and laparoscopy, and histological and histochemical evaluation of the endometrium, during one normal menstrual cycle. The results showed little correlation between the various accepted criteria of ovulation, and in particular the histological findings and the values of oestriol and pregnanediol excretion were in direct conflict in all except one patient. The relevance of the finding of secretory activity in the endometrium is discussed and suggestions are made for the investigation of subfertile women. It is not known if these variable results are found in normally menstruating fertile women, or if the variations are directly responsible for the infertile state.
THE OXYGEN AFFINITY OF THE BLOOD OF INFANTS TREATED BY INTRAUTERINE TRANSFUSION
Authors: Mathers N. P. , James G. B. , Walker J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOxygen dissociation curves have been constructed on cord blood from fetuses which had had intrauterine transfusions, and compared with those of their mothers’ bloods, and those from normal fetal‐maternal pairs. The results show that a difference in oxygen affinity between fetal and maternal bloods is not required for survival of the fetus.
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPOPLASIA
Authors: Roberts G. , Cawdery J. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of congenital adrenal hypoplasia is described in which the mother's urinary excretion of oestriol during pregnancy was very low, and sometimes absent. The pregnancy was prolonged, and after delivery the infant showed evidence of adrenal insufficiency, which required treatment with cortisone.
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Farrer‐Brown Geoffrey , Beilby J. O. W. , TARBIT M. H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA detailed study of the arterial system of the human uterus is described using an injection technique coupled with microradiography and histology. The micro‐vascular patterns and their variations during the menstrual cycle are illustrated.
THE ACTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS ON THE HUMAN ISOLATED NON‐PREGNANT CERVIX
Authors: Najak Zeeba , Hillier Keith , Karim S. M. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe isolated non‐pregnant cervix has been shown to exhibit spontaneous isotonic and isometric contractility and to respond to drugs. PGE2 causes a marked relaxation whilst the effect of PGF2α is more variable. Oxytocin and adrenaline cause contraction of the muscle.The implications of the finding that the cervix can show isotonic and isometric contractility and the effects of prostaglandins are discussed.
TILT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Ansari I. , Wallace G. , Clemetson C. A. B. , Mallikarjuneswara V. R. , Clemetson C. D. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUse of a ten degree left‐side‐down “tilt” position for Caesarean section has resulted in a very significant improvement in the oxygen saturation of umbilical artery and vein blood of infants at birth. This is especially notable in infants delivered from mothers under spinal block. It is believed that this improvement in the oxygenation of the fetus is due to release of pressure on the mother's vena cava which causes an increase in her cardiac output and improved perfusion of the uterus.
THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF 4389 CASES OF PRECLINICAL CERVICAL SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA
Authors: Boyes D. A. , Worth A. J. , Fidler H. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe follow‐up data of 4389 treated cases of preclinical squamous carcinoma of the cervix is presented. After 5 years of follow‐up 1.86 per cent of patients with carcinoma in situ had developed further disease and after ten years 8.2 percent had developed further disease. These rates indicate the need for prolonged and careful follow‐up. Hysterectomy does not mean the end of follow‐up as there appears to be a significant risk of developing recurrent disease or new foci of disease in the vaginal vault after hysterectomy. Carcinoma in situ with microinvasive foci appears to behave in much the same fashion as carcinoma in situ, so that similar treatment would appear justified. Occult invasive carcinoma, however, is frequently associated with lymphatic infiltration and has a five‐year mortality rate of 6.5 per cent. These patients have a greatly increased risk of development of further disease and require more extensive original treatment as well as careful and continued follow‐up.
FETO‐MATERNAL TRANSFUSION IN ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE, AN INDEX OF PLACENTAL DAMAGE AND FETAL RISK
Authors: Minchin A. J. , Bhoyroo S. K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwenty‐two patients with antepartum haemorrhage and seven with late threatened abortion were investigated to see whether there was a correlation between the magnitude of feto‐maternal bleeding and the outcome of the pregnancy. It was found that the greater the feto‐maternal transfusion the greater the incidence of placental infarction and of fetal distress in labour. No correlation was found between the amount of revealed antepartum haemorrhage and placental damage.
SERUM PROTEIN CHANGES IN THE PRE‐ECLAMPSIA‐ECLAMPSIA SYNDROME
Authors: Studd J. W. W. , Blainey J. D. , Bailey D. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe technique of crossed antigen‐antibody immuno‐electrophoresis has been used to compare the serum protein changes of severe pre‐eclampsia with the changes of normal pregnancy.Decrease in the concentrations of serum albumin, transferrin and haemopexin and an increased concentration of α1 glycoprotein, α2 macroglobulin and β lipoprotein were found, giving a protein pattern essentially like that of the nephrotic syndrome.It is believed that these changes are a result of urinary loss of the proteins of intermediate molecular weight, with a compensatory unselective increased synthesis of protein in the liver, and retention in the serum of macroglobulins which are too large to pass through the defective glomerular basement membrane.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTRATION OF DILUTE OXYTOCIN WITH OXYTOCIN TITRATION FOLLOWING AMNIOTOMY
Authors: Howie P. W. , MacVicar J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryInduction of labour with intravenous oxytocin by the “titration method” and by infusion of dilute oxytocin at a slowly increasing rate were compared in two groups of patients closely matched for age, parity, gestational age and indication for induction.Oxytocin titration reduced the induction‐delivery interval and the incidence of pyrexia in labour. The incidences of Caesarean section, postpartum haemorrhage, and fetal asphyxia were similar in both groups.
THE EFFECT OF OXYTOCIN TITRATION ON THE OUTCOME OF LABOUR FOLLOWING AMNIOTOMY
Authors: Mac Vicar J. , Howie P. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAfter surgical induction of labour, the effect of the administration of oxytocin by “titration” on the outcome of labour has been studied by comparing the results for two years before and two years after instituting this method.There was no statistically significant difference in the mode of delivery or state of the fetus, but the induction‐delivery interval was considerably reduced.
FETAL SCALP TISSUE OXYGEN TENSION MEASUREMENTS IN RELATION TO MATERNAL DERMAL OXYGEN TENSION AND FETAL HEART RATE
Authors: Walker Adrian , Maddern Lynne , Day Evan , Renou Peter , Talbot James , Wood Carl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA membrane covered tissue Po2 electrode is described which can be applied to the fetal scalp early in labour to provide a continuous measurement of fetal tissue Po2. The use of a membrane cover has reduced the oxygen consumption of the electrode and its sensitivity to diffusion conditions in the region of measurement so that it may be calibrated in absolute terms. When the oxygen concentration breathed by the mother was reduced from 100 to 21 per cent or from 21 to 15 per cent fetal tissue Po2 declined more slowly than the maternal tissue Po2. Changes in fetal tissue Po2 associated with various patterns of transitory fetal heart rate change are also presented.
LACK OF AGREEMENT ON NORMAL VALUES FOR FETAL SCALP BLOOD
Authors: Lumley Judith , McKinnon Loris , Wood Carl 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThere are significant differences between authors in the values given for the normal range of p H and blood gases in fetal scalp blood during the first stage of labour. Oxygen tensions show the least agreement. The differences cannot be explained by the ways the normal study group were selected (clinically normal; normal monitored fetal heart rate; healthy newborn infants) nor by choice of measuring system. Both inaccuracy of measurement and variation in the arterial and venous contributions to scalp capillary blood are probably involved.An alternative way of deriving the normal range is described. This gives 7–25 as the lower limit of normal for p H and 60 mm. Hg as the upper limit of normal for Pco2. Definition of hypoxaemia and therefore discussion of its extent and significance remains impracticable at present. However, the normal human fetus does not appear to be in a state of metabolic acidosis in early labour.
THE EFFECTS OF ABDOMINAL DECOMPRESSION ON VASCULAR HAEMODYNAMICS IN PREGNANCY AND LABOUR
Authors: Coxon Alan , Haggith J. W. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe use of radioisotopes in localization of the placental site facilitates study of alterations in vascular haemodynamics under varying conditions. Measurements demonstrated that during pregnancy the application of abdominal decompression results in a 30 per cent increase in count rate over the placental site. There was a simultaneous fall in count rate over the head and lower limbs during the application of decompression. Severe exercise did not produce any change in count rate over the placental site. Measurements carried out during labour showed no change in count rate over the placental site during a uterine contraction, but a 10 per cent fall in count rate over the uterine wall away from the placental site. The application of abdominal decompression during a uterine contraction in the first stage of labour resulted in a 15 per cent increase in count rate over the placental site and over the uterine wall away from the placental site.
PELVIC SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY GIVEN INADVERTENTLY IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Imrie Alastair H. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThree cases are reported in which short‐wave diathermy was inadvertently given to the pelvis in the early weeks of pregnancy. Two term deliveries and one abortion resulted. The rise in intrauterine temperature during short‐wave diathermy treatment was measured and it is concluded that apart from the time of fertilization, the danger to the pregnancy from this accident is not as great as has been supposed.
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT OF 34 CASES OF ANTEPARTUM THROMBOEMBOLISM
Authors: Duncan I. D. , Coyle M. G. , Walker J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThirty‐four patients with antenatal venous thromboembolism seen in Dundee Royal Infirmary between 1960 and 1969 are reviewed in an attempt to define the patient at risk. No pregnant woman is immune but older parous patients with a history of venous trouble and subjected to rest in bed are likely to develop the condition.The diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis and the medical management of patients with antenatal deep venous thrombosis are discussed. There may be a place for the use of low molecular weight Dextran during labour and in the early puerperium. Although postpartum recurrence of deep venous thrombosis did not occur significantly more frequently in patients who had received stilboestrol to suppress lactation, all the cases of puerperal pulmonary embolism occurred in patients who had received either stilboestrol or hexoestrol. It appears unwise to administer substances which are known to raise blood clotting factors to patients who are already notably susceptible to venous thrombosis.Antepartum and postpartum anticoagulation regimens are suggested.
ABO BLOOD GROUP IN TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE
Authors: Dawood M. Yusoff , Teoh EngSoon , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryEarlier studies of the distribution of blood groups in trophoblastic disease have suggested a shift in ABO group from O towards A, B and AB, and have invoked failure of maternal immunological defence as a possible factor in development of choriocarcinoma. The present study compares the ABO blood group distribution of the normal Singapore population with that in 351 cases of hydatidiform moles and 87 cases of choriocarcinoma. There was no significant shift in the ABO blood group distribution in patients with hydatidiform mole. However, there was a significant increase in the incidence of blood group A and a significant decrease of blood group B in patients with choriocarcinoma; this is not due to race. There was a higher mortality of choriocarcinoma in group AB. There was no definite relationship between ABO blood group and the amount of chemotherapy required to produce remission. An enzyme deficiency could possibly account for the predominance of blood group A in patients with choriocarcinoma.
ENERGY COST AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF LABOUR AND DURATION OF LABOUR IN ASIATIC WOMEN
Authors: Banerjee B. , Khew K. S. , Saha N. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryForty‐four Chinese women of mixed parity had their energy output measured on one occasion; 28 in the first stage and 16 in the second stage of labour. No difference in energy output was noticed with varying parity. The energy output in the second stage of labour was found to be 40 per cent more than in the first stage. In another 39 women in different stages of labour who were not given sedatives, and 17 women who received 100 mg. pethidine in the second stage of labour, measurements of energy output, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption and blood glucose were made during labour and after delivery. In women who were not given sedatives these values were found to be significantly higher in the second stage of labour than in the first stage and after delivery. The values were significantly lower in the sedated than in the unsedated women both during labour and after delivery. The blood glucose level was, however, found to be significantly higher in the sedated women than the unsedated women both during labour and after delivery.
SOURCES OF VARIATION IN MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS
Authors: Cole Susan K. , Billewicz W. Z. , Thomson A. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMenstrual blood losses were measured in 348 women aged 17 to 45 years in a Northumbrian mining village. Menstrual loss was found to be related to parity and to the birthweight of previous children. It is possibly associated with height, and may be partly controlled by uterine size and blood flow.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN THE STUDY OF CERVICAL NEOPLASIA
Authors: Jordan J.A. , Williams A. E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryScanning electron microscopy has been used to study normal and abnormal cervical epithelia. Normal columnar epithelium and normal squamous epithelium have been identified and described. Carcinoma in situ has also been examined and characteristic differences in tissue organization and cell morphology have been recognized. The surfaces of normal squamous cells are arranged with interconnecting microridges, whereas the surface epithelium from carcinoma in situ cells is arranged in closly packed microvilli. The significance of these results and the possible potential of the technique in studying the natural history of carcinoma in situ are discussed.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF HUMAN FETAL SKIN IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER
Authors: Sharp Frank 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUsing a quantitative colorimetric micromethod for the determination of glycogen in tissues, the pattern of glycogen reserves in whole thickness human fetal skin between the 8th and the 16th weeks of gestation has been established, and compared with that of other fetal tissues in the same gestational range. The value of the results is discussed, and speculation made as to the role of glycogen in human fetal skin, and its relationship to the general carbohydrate economy of the fetus.