bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-nucleus transcriptome profiling of prefrontal cortex induced by
chronic methamphetamine treatment
Authors: Zeng Kuan , Yu Xuan , Wei Zhen , Wu Yong , Wang Jianzhi , Liu Rong , Li Yi , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: November 2023

Background
Methamphetamine (METH) addiction causes a huge burden on society.
The prefrontal cortex (PFC), associated with emotion and cognitive
behaviours, is also involved in addiction neurocircuitry. Although bulk
RNA sequencing has shown METH-induced gene alterations in the mouse PFC,
the impact on different cell types remains unknown.

Aims
To clarify the effects of METH treatment on different cell types of
the PFC and the potential pathways involved in METH-related
disorders.

Methods
We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to examine
the transcriptomes of 20 465 nuclei isolated from the PFC of chronic
METH-treated and control mice. Main cell types and differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and confirmed by RNA fluorescence
in situ hybridization(FISH).

Results
Six main cell types were identified depending on the single-cell
nucleus sequencing; of particular interest were the mature
oligodendrocytes in the PFC. The DEGs of mature oligodendrocytes were
enriched in the myelin sheath, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolic
process, mitochondrial function and components, and so on. The messenger
RNA levels of Aldoc and
Atp5l (FISH) and the protein level of the
mitochondrial membrane pore subunit TOM40 (immunofluorescence) decreased
in the mature oligodendrocytes. Fast blue staining and transmission
electron microscopy image indicated myelin damage, and the myelin
thickness decreased in METH brains.

Conclusions
snRNA-seq reveals altered transcriptomes of different cell types in
mouse PFC induced by chronic METH treatment, underscoring potential
relationships with psychiatric disorders.
Aortic valve perivascular adipose tissue computed tomography attenuation in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Botezatu Simona B , Yu Xinming , Meah Mohammed N , Williams Michelle C , Dey Damini , Newby David E , Tzolos Evangelos , Dweck Marc R 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAortic stenosis (AS) shares pathophysiological similarities with atherosclerosis including active inflammation. CT attenuation of perivascular adipose tissue provides a measure of vascular inflammation that is linked to prognosis and has the potential to be applied to the aortic valve. We investigated perivascular adipose tissue attenuation around the aortic valve in patients with AS.MethodsCT attenuation was measured in the perivascular adipose tissue extending 3 mm radially and 10 mm longitudinally around the aortic valve in patients with and without AS. Associations between perivascular adipose tissue attenuation and AS disease severity, activity and progression were investigated.ResultsPerivascular adipose tissue attenuation around the aortic valve demonstrated good intraobserver and interobserver repeatability (interobserver: intraclass correlation coefficient 0.977 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.99)) but was similar between patients with AS (n=120) and control subjects (n=80) (−62.4 (−68.7, −56.5) Hounsfield units (HU) vs −61.2 (−65.3, −55.6) HU, p=0.099). There were no differences between perivascular adipose tissue attenuation in patients with mild (−60.2 (−66.9, −55.1) HU), moderate (−62.8 (−69.6, −56.80) HU) or severe (−62.3 (−69.3, −55.4) HU) AS (all p>0.05), and perivascular adipose tissue attenuation did not demonstrate an association with AS severity as assessed by echocardiography or CT calcium scoring, nor with disease activity assessed by18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography. Moreover, there was no association between baseline aortic valve perivascular adipose tissue attenuation and subsequent AS progression (annualised change in peak velocity: r=0.072, p=0.458). Similar results were found using five other image analysis methods.ConclusionsCT-derived aortic valve perivascular adipose tissue attenuation is not associated with AS disease severity, activity or progression suggesting that it has no value in the investigation and management of patients with AS.
Intraperitoneal administration of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara confers single-chain interleukin-12 expression to the omentum and achieves immune-mediated efficacy against peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Bella Ángela , Arrizabalaga Leire , Di Trani Claudia Augusta , Gonzalez-Gomariz Jose , Gomar Celia , Russo-Cabrera Joan Salvador , Olivera Irene , Cirella Assunta , Fernandez-Sendin Myriam , Alvarez Maite , Teijeira Alvaro , Atay Cigdem , Medina-Echeverz José , Hinterberger Maria , Hochrein Hubertus , Melero Ignacio , Berraondo Pedro , Aranda Fernando 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPeritoneal carcinomatosis is an advanced stage of cancer in which the disease has spread to the peritoneal cavity. In order to restore antitumor immunity subverted by tumor cells in this location, we evaluated intraperitoneal administrations of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) engineered to express single-chain interleukin 12 (scIL-12) to increase antitumor immune responses.MethodsMVA encoding scIL-12 (MVA.scIL-12) was evaluated against peritoneal carcinomatosis models based on intraperitoneal engraftment of tumor cells. CD8-mediated immune responses, elucidated antitumor efficacy, and safety were evaluated following intravenous, intratumoral, or intraperitoneal administration of the viral vector. The immune response was measured by ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot), RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, intravital microscopy, and depletion of lymphocyte subsets with monoclonal antibodies. Safety was assessed by body-weight follow-up and blood testing. Tissue tropism on intravenous or intraperitoneal administration was assessed by bioluminescence analysis using a reporter MVA encoding luciferase.ResultsIntraperitoneal or locoregional administration, but not other routes of administration, resulted in a potent immune response characterized by increased levels of tumor-specific CD8+T lymphocytes with the ability to produce both interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. The antitumor immune response was detectable not only in the peritoneal cavity but also systemically. As a result of intraperitoneal treatment, a single administration of MVA.scIL-12 encoding scIL-12 completely eradicated MC38 tumors implanted in the peritoneal cavity and also protected cured mice from subsequent subcutaneous rechallenges. Bioluminescence imaging using an MVA encoding luciferase revealed that intraperitoneal administration targets transgene to the omentum. The omentum is considered a key tissue in immune protection of the peritoneal cavity. The safety profile of intraperitoneal administration was also better than that following intravenous administration since no weight loss or hematological toxicity was observed when the vector was locally delivered into the peritoneal cavity.ConclusionIntraperitoneal administration of MVA vectors encoding scIL-12 targets the omentum, which is the tissue where peritoneal carcinomatosis usually begins. MVA.scIL-12 induces a potent tumor-specific immune response that often leads to the eradication of experimental tumors disseminated to the peritoneal cavity.
A role of point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department diagnosis of vision loss due to traumatic cataract
Authors: Tagle Christian A. , Chen Joe W. , Mistry Jamshid , Fernandez Danny , Neeki Cameron C. , Dong Fanglong , Neeki Michael M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Ocular complaints, including acute or subacute vision loss, are commonly encountered in emergency departments (ED). These potentially time-sensitive complaints are difficult to diagnose and evaluate without adequate, specialized equipment and expertise. Additionally, a thorough evaluation often requires a more extensive and specialized physical exam, imaging, and ophthalmologic consultation, all of which may not be readily available in the acute setting.

Case presentation
This case report presented a patient in the emergency department with the chief complaint of vision loss. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) using the 10-MHz-linear-array probe, in the ocular setting, demonstrated calcification of the lens, a finding consistent with cataract in the right eye.

Conclusions
The use of POCUS can expedite the accurate identification of vision threatening pathology, such as cataracts, and streamline ED disposition and plan of care.
Attack rate, case fatality rate and determinants of measles infection during a measles outbreak in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tariku Mengistie Kassahun , Worede Daniel Tarekegn , Belete Abebe Habtamu , Bante Simachew Animen , Misikir Sewnet Wongiel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Although Ethiopia is working towards measles elimination, a recurrent measles outbreak has occurred. To take appropriate measures, previously, many fragmented and inconsistent outbreak investigations were done, but there is no consolidated evidence on attack rate, case fatality rate, and determinants of measles infection during the measles outbreak. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify cumulative evidence on attack rate, case fatality rate, and determinants of measles infection during the outbreak.

Methods
A systematic literature review and Meta-analysis was used. We searched Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane/Wiley Library, EMBASE, Science Direct, and African Journals Online databases using different terms. Investigations that applied any study design, data collection- and analysis methods related to the measles outbreak investigation were included. Data were extracted in an Excel spreadsheet and imported into STATA version 17 software for meta-analysis. The I2 statistics were used to test heterogeneity, and ‘Begg’s and ‘Egger’s tests were used to assess publication bias. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented using forest plots.

Results
Eight measles outbreak investigations with 3004 measles cases and 33 deaths were included in this study. The pooled attack rate (A.R.) and case fatality rate were 34.51/10,000 [95% CI; 21.33–47.70/10,000] population and 2.21% [95% CI; 0.07-2.08%], respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest attack rate of outbreaks in the Oromia region (63.05 per 10,000 population) and the lowest in the Amhara region (17.77 per 10,000 population). Associated factors with the measles outbreak were being unvaccinated (OR = 5.96; 95% CI: 3.28–10.82) and contact history (OR = 3.90; 95% CI: 2.47–6.15).

Conclusion
Our analysis revealed compelling evidence within the outbreak descriptions, highlighting elevated attack and case fatality rates. Measles infection was notably linked to being unvaccinated and having a contact history. Strengthening routine vaccination practices and enhancing contact tracing measures are vital strategies moving forward.
Estimating productivity levels in primary medical services across clinical commissioning groups in England and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a data envelopment analysis
Authors: Williams Kate , Croft Stacey , Mohammed Mohammed A. , Wyatt Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the relative productivity of primary medical services in England and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity levels.

Setting
Primary medical services for 59 million patients (98% of the population in England), in 101 clinical commissioning groups (CCGs), across two time periods: period 1, pre-pandemic, April to December 2019 and period 2, pandemic, April to December 2020.

Methods
We use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess relative productivity with four input measures (the number of full-time equivalent general practitioners, nurses, other direct patient contact staff and administrators), and five output measures (face-to-face appointments, remote consultations, home visits, referrals to secondary care and prescriptions). Our units of analysis were CCGs. DEA assigns an efficiency score to a CCG, taking a value between 0 and 100%, by benchmarking it against the most productive CCGs. We use Tobit regression to examine the association between productivity and other factors.

Results
The mean bias-corrected efficiency score of primary medical services in CCGs was 92.9% (interquartile range 92.0% to 95.7%) in period 1, falling to 90.6% (interquartile range 86.8% to 95.2%) in period 2. In period 1, CCGs with a higher proportion of registered patients aged over 65 years, higher levels of deprivation, lower levels of disease prevalence, higher nurse to GP ratios and higher GP to other direct patient contact staff ratios, achieved statistically significantly higher general practice efficiency scores (p < 0.05). In period 2, only the ratio of GP to other direct patient contact staff was associated with efficiency scores (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our analysis indicates only modest geographic variation in productivity of primary medical services when measured at the level of clinical commissioning groups and a small reduction in productivity during the pandemic. Further work to establish relative productivity of individual GP practices is warranted once sufficient data on appointment rates by GP practice is available.
The efficacy and safety assessment of oncolytic virotherapies in the treatment of advanced melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Changyuan , Lu Nanxiao , Yan Lin , Li Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The efficacy and safety of oncolytic virotherapies in the treatment of advanced melanoma still remains controversal. It is necessary to conduct quantitative evaluation on the basis of preclinical trial reports.

Methods
Publicly available databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library.) and register (Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to collect treatment outcomes of oncolytic virotherapies (including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), adenovirus, poxvirus and reovirus) for advanced/unresectable melanoma. Comparisons of treatment response, adverse events (AEs) and survival analyses for different virotherapies were performed by R software based on the extracted data from eligible studies.

Results
Finally, thirty-four eligible studies were analysed and HSV virotherapy had the highest average complete response (CR, 24.8%) and HSV had a slightly higher average overall response rate (ORR) than CVA21 (43.8% vs 42.6%). In the pooled results of comparing talimogene laherparepve (T-VEC) with or without GM-CSF/ICIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors) to GM-CSF/ICIs monotherapy suggested virotherapy was more efficient in subgroups CR (RR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.30; 2.51], P < 0.01), ORR (RR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.02; 1.34], P < 0.05), and DCR (RR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.15; 1.40], P < 0.01). In patients treated with T-VEC+ICIs, 2-year overall survival (12.1 ± 6.9 months) and progression-free survival (9.9 ± 6.9) were significantly longer than those treated with T-VEC alone. Furthermore, we found that AEs occurred frequently in virotherapy but decreased in a large cohort of enrolled patients, some of which, such as abdominal distension/pain, injection site pain and pruritus, were found to be positively associated with disease progression in patients treated with T-VEC monotherapy.

Conclusion
Given the relative safety and tolerability of oncolytic viruses, and the lack of reports of dose-limiting-dependent toxicities, more patients treated with T-VEC with or without ICIs should be added to future assessment analyses. There is still a long way to go before it can be used as a first-line therapy for patients with advanced or unresectable melanoma.
Revisiting the flexion-valgus type unicondylar posterolateral tibial plateau depression fracture pattern: classification and treatment
Authors: Zhu Bin , Chen Jian , Zhang Yu , Song Lijun , Fang Jiahu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to reclassify posterolateral tibial plateau fractures caused by a flexion-valgus force and describe this fracture pattern to provide a relatively programmed surgical treatment based on morphological characteristics that may improve reduction and stabilization.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the fracture pattern and injury mechanism of patients with posterolateral tibial plateau fractures who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2014 and April 2020. The cohort was divided into three types. Type I was a depression fracture of the posterolateral platform with an intact posterolateral cortex. Type II was a depression fracture of the posterolateral platform with a disrupted posterolateral cortex. Type III was a depression fracture of the posterolateral platform in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture or tibial insertion avulsion fracture of the ACL. The lateral window of the modified Frosch approach with an L-type locking plate was used for patients with type I and type III fractures. For patients with type II fractures, both lateral and posterolateral windows of the modified Frosch approach were used for surgery, and a T-plate on the posterior side with an L-plate on the lateral side were used for fixation. The Rasmussen radiology scoring was used to evaluate the quality of surgical reduction and the Rasmussen functional scoring evaluation standard was used to evaluate knee joint function.

Results
A total of 69 tibial plateau fractures (36 male, 33 female) involving the posterolateral platform were discovered and included in this study. All patients suffered flexion-valgus force at the moment of the accident. There were 32 cases of Type I fracture, 28 cases of Type II fracture, and 9 cases of Type III fracture. The patients were followed up for 12–30 (mean 20.8 ± 9.4) months. The postoperative Rasmussen radiological scores for the three types of fractures were 15–17 (mean 16.31 ± 0.78), 14–17 (mean 15.93 ± 0.94), and 14–17 (mean 16.22 ± 0.97), respectively. The postoperative Rasmussen functional scores for the three types of fractions were 27–30 (mean 27.97 ± 0.90), 27–29 (mean 27.36 ± 0.56), and 27–29 (mean 27.56 ± 0.73), respectively.

Conclusion
Flexion-valgus posterolateral tibial plateau fractures were divided into three types based on the integrity of the posterolateral wall and ACL injuries. We hope the classification can play a certain reference role in recognizing and treating flexion-valgus-type posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.
Transplant with MZ genotype liver: what is the clinical pulmonary picture after 30 years? a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Annunziata Anna , Di Perna Alessandra , Ferrarotti Ilaria , Coppola Antonietta , Burricco Maria , Fiorentino Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Alpha-1 antitrypsin, also known as alpha1 proteinase inhibitor, is a protein 90% synthesized by hepatocytes. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency should be suspected if patients have unexplained emphysema or liver disease in the absence of others recognized causes. The diagnosis is based on tests that measure the amount of the enzyme in the blood and confirm by molecular analysis.

Case presentation
We present the case of a man of Caucasian ethnicity, who started experiencing difficulty in breathing 20 years after liver transplantation. After about 30 years since transplantation, an intermediate alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is diagnosed with evidence of air trapping, pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis.

Conclusion
The presence of a Z-variant synthesized from the donor liver may have contribute to the onset of respiratory disease.
Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)
Authors: Kajimura Makiko , Takimoto Kazuyuki , Takimoto Ayaka 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ammonia and nitrite on the air-beathing Siamese fighting fish, betta (Betta splendens) was studied for 96 h. The LC50 (50% Lethal Concentration) for 96 h for adult bettas to ammonia-N and nitrite-N was 123.4 mM (1.7 g/L, 95% confidence limits: 114.7–130.0 mM) and 24.6 mM (343.6 mg/L, 95% confidence limits: 22.7–26.4 mM) respectively. Exposure to 90 mM ammonia did not affect ammonia and urea excretion rates in bettas. There was no significant difference in values between control and ammonia-loaded (90 mM ammonia) individuals in either brain or liver activities of glutamine synthase, while plasma ammonia levels slightly increased. It appears unlikely that ammonia was converted to urea or amino acids for detoxification. Sublethal nitrite (24.6 mM nitrite) affected plasma nitrite, methemoglobin and hemoglobin. Plasma nitrite values remained much lower than ambient concentrations. Betta has a labyrinth organ and can breathe air. Bettas may temporarily reduce the entry of ammonia and nitrite into the body by increasing the rate of air respiration and reducing the contribution of the gill epithelium, which is highly permeable to these nitrogenous pollutants.
Increasing mothers' reproductive health knowledge and attitudes through education on youth internet-based social interaction
Authors: Utami Fitriana Putri , Syam Nur Syarianingsih , Nurfita Desi 
Published: November 2023

Adolescents have the highest rate of internet usage compared to those of different ages. Dissertation media, societal changes, and insufficient parental involvement support the development of promiscuity in adolescents. Parents, especially mothers, have a strong role in controlling the behavior of adolescents. Therefore, mothers need to have good knowledge and attitudes related to youth internet-based social interaction. The goal of this study is to assess changes in mothers' attitudes and knowledge because of education regarding how young people engage online and how that affects their reproductive health. Forms of adolescent sexual behavior, pornography, adolescent self-concept, cyberbullying, and parent-adolescent communication are among the knowledge and attitude topics that are evaluated. In this study, a one-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest approach was adopted. The research sample consists of 21 participants that were chosen using purposive sampling. A paired t-test was utilized to assess the questionnaire data. In the pre- and post-test, the respondents’ average knowledge score rose from 95.23 to 97.14. P value of 0.428 (95% CI: 3.00–6.61). Respondents’ attitude score rose from 77.85 to 85.95 (95% CI: 1.56–14.63). These results indicated differences in the respondents’ attitudes before and after training but not in their knowledge, although both of them experienced an increase in average scores. Youth internet-based social interaction for mothers can improve mothers’ attitudes and knowledge. To avoid juvenile delinquency, a health program that involves parental involvement in disseminating information about reproductive health in connection to teenage social interaction is necessary.