bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in leukemia incidence and survival in the United States (1973–1998)
Authors: Xie Yang , Davies Stella M. , Xiang Ying , Robison Leslie L. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is estimated that each year, approximately 30,800 individuals will be diagnosed with leukemia in the United States and 21,700 individuals will die of the disease. Although the overall incidence of leukemia has been declining in the United States, recent reports suggest that incidence rates may be increasing for certain age and racial groups.METHODSLeukemia incidence (including acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], chronic myeloid leukemia [CML], and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia [CLL]) and 5‐year survival rates were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Specific rates for age (birth–19, 20–44, 45–64, and 65 + years), gender, and race (black, white) were also examined.RESULTSA total of 66,404 cases of leukemia were identified for the period 1973–1998 in the nine reporting SEER sites. For children younger than 20 years old, the overall incidence rate of leukemia increased significantly (estimated annual percent change [EAPC] = 0.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1–0.9), whereas the rate decreased significantly among the group 65 years and older (EAPC = − 0.3, 95% CI = − 0.5 to − 0.1). Incidence rates for CLL and CML decreased significantly during this time period, whereas incidence rates for AML remained stable. Children younger than 20 years old experienced a 15% increase in the 5‐year survival rates for both ALL and AML when comparing the two 10‐year periods of 1974–1983 and 1984–1993. In contrast, there was little overall improvement in survival for adults 45 years and older. In particular, there was a notable decrease in the overall 5‐year survival for blacks older than 65 years and for black males older than 44 years.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the current study confirmed some of the results noted in other populations, the observed overall decline in leukemia survival for blacks is surprising and warrants further investigation. Cancer 2003;97:2229–35. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11316
Genetic heterogeneity in lung and colorectal carcinoma as revealed by microsatellite analysis in plasma or tumor tissue DNA
Authors: Beau‐Faller Michèle , Weber Jean‐Christophe , Schneider Anne , Guèrin Eric , Gasser Bernard , Ducrocq Xavier , Jaeck Daniel , Wihlm Jean‐Marie , Quoix Elisabeth , Gaub Marie‐Pierre 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermination of tumor clonality has implications for molecular characterization and the optimal treatment of cancer. Allelotyping allows detection of the two alleles, maternal and paternal, and provides additional information regarding clonal genetic defects. The presence of allelic imbalances (AI) in tumors is a general event, but is not necessary at the same allele (alternative AI). The authors' goal was to determine whether the presence of alternative AI (AA) was a marker of heterogeneity and prognosis.METHODSTo further analyze the heterogeneity of lung tumors, tumor DNA released in the plasma was compared with primary tumor DNA from 24 lung carcinoma patients. The comparison was performed by allelotyping using 12 microsatellites targeting 9 chromosomal regions, taking in each case leukocyte DNA as reference. To extend and confirm these observations, 26 primary colorectal carcinomas with paired synchronous liver metastasis were analyzed using an enlarged panel of 33 microsatellites.RESULTSAA were observed in 40% (20 of 50) of all patients, in 25% (6 of 24) of lung carcinoma patients but at a higher level, and in 54% (14 of 26) of colorectal carcinoma patients. They affected different chromosome localizations and each tumor stage. In both types of cancer, patients with AA had a higher AI mean frequency in their primary tumor.CONCLUSIONSDetection of AA is an original marker of heterogeneous tumors, demonstrating that independent events occurred on specific genetic sites required for cancer progression. Cancer 2003;97:2308–17. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11324
Preoperative and postoperative dextromethorphan provides sustained reduction in postoperative pain and patient‐controlled epidural analgesia requirement
Authors: Weinbroum Avi A. , Bender Benjamin , Bickels Jacob , Nirkin Alexander , Marouani Nissim , Chazam Shoshana , Meller Isaac , Kollender Yehuda 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPain is mediated centrally by N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The antinociceptive effects of preincision dextromethorphan (DM), an NMDA antagonist, have been demonstrated in surgical patients under general or epidural anesthesia. The authors investigated the effects of DM on postoperative pain and other parameters in patients undergoing surgery for bone malignancy under standardized combined general and epidural anesthesia using patient‐controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) postoperatively.METHODSPatients received placebo or DM 90 mg (30 patients per group) in a double‐blind manner preoperatively and on each of the two following days. Postoperative PCEA consisted of 1.6 mg ropivacaine plus 4 μg/mL fentanyl both continuously and by demand up to 96 hours, starting when subjective pain intensity was greater than or equal to 4/10 (visual analog score). Rescue drugs on demand (paracetamol or dipyrone orally) were also available.RESULTSThe DM patients experienced about 50% (P < 0.01) less pain than their placebo counterparts for more than 2 postoperative days and they rated their overall maximal pain intensity by one‐half that estimated by the placebo‐treated patients (P < 0.01). The DM group also consumed 30–50% less epidural analgesics than the total amount consumed by the placebo‐medicated group (P < 0.01) and demanded significantly (P < 0.05) fewer rescue drugs on the first postoperative day. They were less sedated (40–60%, P < 0.01) and reported 50% fewer overall side effects (P < 0.05). The groups were similar for the need for urinary catheterization, time of first ambulation, and/or discharge home.CONCLUSIONSA 3‐day DM administration is associated with better pain reduction in patients undergoing surgery for bone malignancy under combined general and epidural anesthesia with postoperative PCEA compared with placebo without increasing side effects. Cancer 2003;97:2334–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11330
Older age predicts a decline in adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations for patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: DeMichele Angela , Putt Mary , Zhang Yawei , Glick John H. , Norman Sandra 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly women with breast carcinoma remains controversial. Efficacy data in women age ≥ 70 years are scarce, resulting in a lack of clear guidelines for patients in this age group. Although several studies have demonstrated decreasing use of chemotherapy with age, none specifically examined its use in an elderly cohort of patients who were deemed eligible for such therapy based on consensus guidelines, simultaneously examining the impact of comorbidity and previous history of malignant disease on these recommendations.METHODSThe authors examined adjuvant chemotherapy use among chemotherapy‐eligible patients age ≥ 50 years who were evaluated in a tertiary care cancer center. Associations between patient age and 1) physician recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy, 2) recommended treatment regimen, and 3) patient acceptance of the treatment plan recommended were examined, adjusting for the impact of aggressive tumor characteristics, medical comorbidity, previous history of malignant disease, and features of the treatment setting.RESULTSOf the 208 chemotherapy‐eligible patients who were studied, 74% overall were recommended chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was recommended to 92% of women age 50–59 years compared with 77% of women age 60–69 years and 23% of women age ≥ 70 years. Increasing age was associated strongly with a decreasing likelihood of receiving a recommendation in favor of chemotherapy. After adjusting for estrogen receptor status, previous history of malignant disease, comorbidity score, and prognostic group, the odds of receiving a recommendation in favor of chemotherapy fell by 22% per year or 91% per 10‐year interval, and the rate of decline did not change significantly at age ≥ 70 years. We found no age‐related differences in either the drug regimens recommended or patient acceptance rates for adjuvant therapy.CONCLUSIONSAge was associated strongly and independently with physician recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy among a group of older women who were eligible specifically for such therapy. Medical comorbidity and a history of previous malignant disease did not alter this correlation significantly, although the latter was a significant predictor of chemotherapy use. Further studies clearly are needed to determine the underlying reasons for this strong age effect and to explore strategies that will optimize the utilization of this potentially curative therapy in the elderly. Cancer 2003;97:2150–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11338
BRCA‐related ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Rubin Stephen C. 
Published: April 2003

The author comments on a report in this issue of Cancer by investigators who used clinical response endpoints and chemoresistance testing to confirm the improved survival of women with hereditary ovarian carcinoma compared with women who had sporadic ovarian carcinoma. The possible use of BRCA mutation status to improve patient care, the future of translational research, and the difficulties in proceeding with large‐scale prospective trials are among the topics discussed.See also pages 2187–95.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Beyond melanoma and breast carcinoma
Authors: McMasters Kelly M. 
Published: April 2003

In this issue of Cancer, two groups of investigators present their initial experience with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the staging of sweat gland carcinomas. The reports suggest that it is possible to identify clinically occult lymph node metastases from sweat gland carcinoma using SLN biopsy similar to the way that surgeons around the world now routinely stage the regional lymph nodes in patients with melanoma and breast carcinoma. These two articles raise the question of when does it make sense to apply SLN biopsy to cases beyond melanoma and breast carcinoma?See also pages 2279–84 and 2285–9.
Physician attitudes toward cytotoxic chemotherapy use in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma
Authors: Oh William K. , Tully Patrice , Kantoff Philip W. , Regan Meredith M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDAttitudes toward the use of chemotherapy in patients with prostate carcinoma have changed as new therapeutics have demonstrated efficacy. This is important as randomized trials using chemotherapy are proposed. The authors used a questionnaire to investigate the attitudes of physicians in the New England area who care for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma.METHODSA 15‐question survey was developed and mailed in the year 2000. No monetary incentives were used to encourage return of surveys. Baseline demographic data were obtained, including type of practice and number of patients with prostate carcinoma seen. Urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists were asked whether they had recommended chemotherapy for patients with prostate carcinoma, what they perceived as the effectiveness of specific drugs, what concerns they had regarding chemotherapy, and the appropriateness of chemotherapy in three hypothetical patient scenarios.RESULTSOf 1068 surveys that were delivered to practicing physicians, 232 surveys (22%) were returned and evaluable. Forty‐six percent of respondents were urologists, 41% were medical oncologists, and 10% were radiation oncologists. Eighty‐seven percent of respondents had recommended cytotoxic chemotherapy to their patients. Four agents were rated as moderately effective to very effective by 41–60% of respondents who rated effectiveness: estramustine, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. In three hypothetical patient scenarios of hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma, only one patient was judged as an appropriate candidate for chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, female physicians and physicians with practices comprised of > 25% patients with hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma were more likely to recommend chemotherapy. Concerns regarding severe toxicity and lack of benefit were among the most influential on respondent decisions to use chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSMost physicians who cared for patients with prostate carcinoma had recommended chemotherapy for patients with hormone‐refractory disease. There were differences between specialties regarding the likelihood of recommending chemotherapy and clinical judgment regarding which patients were appropriate candidates for chemotherapy. Cancer 2003;97:2171–9. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11344
Building leasing at the department of energy's Hanford site: Lessons learned from commercial reuse
Authors: Abbotts John , Ertell Katherine B. , Leschine Thomas M. , Takaro Tim K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe mission at many locations of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) complex has shifted
from materials production for atomic weapons to environmental remediation. DOE and neighboring communities are
interested in diversifying local economies, including through the transfer of DOE property for commercial reuse.
But Department leasing programs have raised occupational health concerns in two locations. A 1997 DOE review of
leasing at the Oak Ridge, Tennessee, site, and leasing at the Hanford site in central Washington state led us to
examine the building leasing program at Hanford. Because of past operations in Building 313, we recommended that
the building be surveyed for beryllium. Results were positive, and the tenant company may have generated the
beryllium detected. We compare lessons learned from Oak Ridge and Hanford. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
A meta‐analysis of the non‐monetary effects of employee health management programs
Authors: DeGroot Timothy , Kiker D. Scott 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis study was undertaken to review the literature on employee health management programs (EHMPs). We
explored the history and characteristics of systematic organizational efforts to improve workforce health and
well‐being. We believe that a historical perspective provides some insight into the economic, political,
and social factors that have influenced the trend toward organizationally sanctioned health‐promotion
efforts. Further, we investigated the likely effects of these programs on valued‐behavioral organizational
outcomes such as employee performance, employee satisfaction, absenteeism, and voluntary turnover. Our findings
show that voluntary general‐focus programs are unrelated to job performance, and voluntary programs are
negatively related to absenteeism, but effects on absenteeism wane when the program is not voluntary. Moreover,
EHMPs are minimally related to job satisfaction and slightly related to turnover. These results, examining
behavioral outcomes of EHMPs, question the ability of EHMPs to provide desired behavioral changes in employees,
changes that organizations seek to maximize such as increased performance. Are EHMPs more than just socially
acceptable programs that help individuals with health problems? © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing and implementing global staffing systems: Part II—Best practices
Authors: Ryan Ann Marie , Wiechmann Darin , Hemingway Monica 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAs a companion piece to Wiechmann et al. (2003), practical guidance regarding how to implement a global
staffing system is provided. Best practices were derived from interviews with key informants in six organizations
recognized as leading in the area of global staffing. Best practices related to system acceptability, development,
and implementation are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation‐induced leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in normal pancreas and in pancreatic carcinoma of the rat
Authors: Ryschich Edward , Harms Wolfgang , Loeffler Thorsten , Eble Michael , Klar Ernst , Schmidt Jan 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHigh‐dose radiation is known to induce an inflammatory reaction in normal and malignant tissue including leukocyte infiltration. The influence of radiation on leukocyte‐endothelium interaction in tumor tissue, which precedes leukocyte migration, has not yet been investigated to our knowledge. In our study, intravital microscopy was used to compare the radiogenic effects on leukocyte‐endothelium interaction and leukocyte migration in healthy and malignant pancreatic tissue in vivo. An established model of ductlike pancreatic cancer (DSL6A) of syngeneic Lewis rats was utilized. Irradiation with 15 Gy increased the high‐affinity leukocyte‐endothelium interaction both in normal and malignant tissue. The low‐affinity leukocyte‐endothelium interaction was not significantly altered. Radiation‐induced tumor cell death 12 days after radiation was significantly higher in tumors with moderate and severe leukocyte infiltration compared to low leukocyte infiltration. Thus, radiation‐induced leukocyte infiltration in pancreatic carcinoma correlates with the extent of tumor cell death. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphic markers in the 5α‐reductase type II gene and the incidence of prostate cancer
Authors: Lamharzi Najib , Johnson Melissa M. , Goodman Gary , Etzioni Ruth , Weiss Noel S. , Dightman Douglas A. , Barnett Matt , DiTommaso Dante , Chen Chu 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn the prostate, the enzyme encoded by the SRD5A2 gene (5α‐reductase) converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen that has been hypothesized to play a role in the genesis of prostate cancer. Several polymorphisms have been identified in the SRD5A2 gene, including a valine‐to‐leucine substitution (V89L) at codon 89, a variable number of TA dinucleotide repeats and a missense substitution at codon 49 resulting in an amino acid substitution of alanine with threonine (A49T). To investigate the influence of these polymorphisms on prostate cancer risk, we conducted a case‐control study nested within the Beta‐Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial. Genotypes were determined by PCR‐based capillary electrophoresis using genomic DNA isolated from 300 cases and 300 controls matched on the basis of race, age at enrollment (within 5 years), enrollment study center and year of randomization. There was no association between V89L genotypes and prostate cancer risk. The age‐ and race‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) associated with the VL and LL genotypes were 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75‐1.49) and 0.99 (95% CI = 0.57‐1.73), respectively, as compared to the VV genotype. The age‐ and race‐adjusted odds ratio for men having 1 TA(9) or TA(18) allele was 0.98 (95% CI = 0.64‐1.48) when compared to men without TA repeats. The corresponding odds ratio for men without the TA(0) alleles was 0.68 (95% CI = 0.21‐2.19). The age‐ and race‐adjusted odds ratio associated with having at least 1 T allele at codon 49 was 1.11 (95% CI = 0.58‐2.11), as compared to the AA genotype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the V89L and A49T polymorphisms in the SRD5A2 gene are related to the risk of prostate cancer, but are compatible with the suggestion from earlier studies that men who are homozygous for the TA(9) or (18) alleles and men who have the TA(9)/TA(18) genotype are at a modestly reduced risk. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of leukocyte‐type 12‐lipoxygenase promotes W256 tumor cell survival by enhancing αvβ5 expression
Authors: Pidgeon Graham P. , Tang Keqin , Rice Renee L. , Zacharek Alex , Li Li , Taylor John D. , Honn Kenneth V. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) leads to the generation of biologically active metabolites that have been implicated in cell growth and proliferation, as well as survival and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that rat Walker 256 (W256) carcinosarcoma cells express the platelet‐type 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX) and synthesize 12(S)‐ and 15(S)‐HETE as their major LOX metabolites. Here we show that Walker 256 cells also express leukocyte‐type 12‐LOX and that its overexpression in these cells significantly extends their survival and delays apoptosis when cells are cultured under serum‐free conditions. Under serum‐free conditions, the expression of leukocyte‐type 12‐LOX is upregulated. 12‐LOX‐transfected W256 cells had a more spread morphology in culture compared with wild‐type or mock‐transfected cells. Examination of W256 cells showed that the cells expressed a number of integrins on their surface. Overexpression of 12‐LOX enhanced the surface expression and focal adhesion localization of integrin αvβ5, while not affecting other integrins. Also, the 12‐LOX‐transfected W256 cells exhibited higher levels of microfilament content. Treatment of cells with monoclonal antibody to αvβ5 or cytochalasin B (a microfilament‐disrupting agent), but not antibodies to other integrin receptors, resulted in significant apoptosis, characterized by rapid rounding up and detachment from the substratum. These results show that the 12‐LOX pathway is a regulator of cell survival and apoptosis, by affecting the expression and localization of the αvβ5 integrin and actin microfilaments in Walker 256 cells. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2‐connected 7‐coverings of 3‐connected graphs on surfaces
Authors: Kawarabayashi Ken‐ichi , Nakamoto Atsuhiro , Ota Katsuhiro 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAn m‐covering of a graph G is a spanning subgraph of G with maximum degree at most m. In this paper, we shall show that every 3‐connected graph on a surface with Euler genus k ≥ 2 with sufficiently large representativity has a 2‐connected 7‐covering with at most 6k − 12 vertices of degree 7. We also construct, for every surface F2 with Euler genus k ≥ 2, a 3‐connected graph G on F2 with arbitrarily large representativity each of whose 2‐connected 7‐coverings contains at least 6k − 12 vertices of degree 7. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 43: 26–36, 2003
The infrared spectra and structures of polyisoprenes
Authors: Binder John L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEvidence is offered which confirms, and in some cases, changes previously suggested assignments of bands in the spectra of Hevea and balata. In particular it is shown that bands at 764 (13.1 μ) and 742 cm.−1 (13.5 μ) are probably connected with vibrations of the cis‐ or trans‐C (CH3)CH group, a band at 11.30 cm.−1 (8.85 μ) is due to a CCH3 vibration of the cis‐C(CH3)CH group, a band at 1155 cm.−1 (8.68 μ) is due to the CCH3 vibration of the trans‐C(CH3)CH group. Likewise the bands at 1315 (7.60 μ) and 1325 cm.−1 (7.55 μ) are probably due to a CH vibration of the cis‐ and trans‐C(CH3)CH groups, respectively. The 1130‐cm.−1 band and the 1155‐cm.−1 band are found in spectra of polydimethylbutadiene and thus are probably group frequencies. The 1315 and 1325‐cm.−1 bands (shifted) are also found in polybutadiene and polypiperylene spectra and thus are probably group frequencies also. It is also shown that the 890‐, 1645‐, and 3077‐cm.−1 bands are best explained by the presence of an isopropenyl, CH2C(CH3) group. These assignments are based on a study of the polarization spectra, the spectra of maleic anhydride adducts and hydrogenated polyisoprenes, and on microstructure determinations.