bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ω‐3‐Fettsäuren: Prävention degenerativer Erkrankungen
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Ströhle Alexander 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLangfristige Gesunderhaltung und Prävention
chronisch‐degenerativer Erkrankungen bilden das moderne
ernährungswissenschaftliche Konzept von Ernährung. Ein häufig
eingesetzter funktioneller Inhaltsstoff von Lebensmitteln sind
ω‐3‐Fettsäuren, insbesondere die langkettigen Vertreter
Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure
(DHA). ω‐3‐Fettsäuren entfalten eine Vielzahl von physiologischen
Funktionen, u.a. die Modulation der Membranfluidität, die Regulation von
Ionenkanälen und immunologische Effekte. Dieser Umstand bildet die
Grundlage für den therapeutischen Einsatz von ω‐3‐Fettsäuren in
der Ernährungsmedizin. Das bekannteste Einsatzgebiet stellen
atherosklerotische Erkrankungen dar. Ausgehend von den üblichen
Verzehrsgewohnheiten wurde für die Deutsche Bevölkerung eine
Versorgungslücke von rund 1 g EPA und DHA ermittelt. Die Einarbeitung
mikroverkapselter ω‐3‐fettsäurehaltiger Öle in funktionelle
Lebensmittel stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, die Versorgung zu
optimieren.
Als der Platin‐Rubel rollte
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDas Edelmetall Platin findet sich heutzutage vor allem in Katalysatoren, in Laborgeräten (Tiegel, Netzelektroden für die Elektrolyse), und in Schmuck. Vor 175 Jahren hingegen fand sich dieses Metall in den Kassen russischer Händler, denn es diente fast zwei Jahrzehnte lang als Münzmetall.
Herausforderung Meerwasserentsalzung
Authors: Borchard‐Tuch Claudia 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWasser ist die Quelle des Lebens – und wird zu einem immer größeren Problem: Nur 1% des Wassers auf der Erde ist Trinkwasser, die anderen 99% sind salzhaltig oder kontaminiert. Doch eine Technologie könnte dieses Problem lösen: die Meerwasserentsalzung.
Mangomittel gegen Altern und Aids
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn den letzten 20 Jahren hat Kuba massiv in den Aufbau einer eigenen Biotechnologie‐Forschung und ‐Industrie investiert. Mittlerweile zeichnen sich erste Erfolge ab, darunter ein bahnbrechender neuer Impfstoff und eine industrielle Produktion von Pharmaproteinen, die bereits in mehrere Länder exportiert werden.
Modeling of mono‐feature texture images using the structuring element of morphology filters
Authors: Yashima Syun , Asano Akira , Taguchi Akira 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWhen a texture is considered as a set of granular components of various sizes and shapes, it is meaningful to determine its features in the spatial domain. It is known that such granular features in the spatial domain can be calculated by means of the pattern spectrum obtained by morphology operations. The pattern spectrum has the property that a peak exists at the point where the structuring element of the morphology filter agrees with the granular feature composing the texture. Utilizing this property, this paper proposes a method by which the features of the granules (shape and size) composing the texture are represented by a structuring element on the basis of pattern spectrum information. The proposed method restricts the textures to be analyzed to textures composed of granules of a single shape and size. A method of using the obtained model to decide whether the given texture can be analyzed is presented. With this approach, it is possible to decide whether or not the derived model represents the texture feature. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(2): 31–40, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10070
Novel routing schemes based on location information for UWB ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Horie Wataru , Sanada Yukitoshi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper discusses a routing scheme for an autonomous distributed wireless network (mobile ad‐hoc networking) using an ultra‐wideband (UWB) system. The UWB system is a kind of spread‐spectrum communication system which has the function of measuring the distance between the transmitter and the receiver with high accuracy. Using this distance measurement function, the received energy per bit is kept constant by adjusting the spreading factor according to the transmission distance. This paper considers a packet‐forwarding scheme based on the above feature of the UWB system, where the spreading factor is adjusted according to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. The objective is to realize higher throughput than in single‐hop transmission by using multihop transmission which controls the maximum transmission distance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(2): 22–30, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20082
A proposal of the directional speaker system based on the boundary surface control principle
Authors: Enomoto Seigo , Ise Shiro 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccording to the boundary surface control principle, it is possible to reflect the flow of acoustic energy at a boundary if a boundary surface with impedance 0 can be formed by controlling the sound pressure and the particle velocity at an arbitrary position in space. If this principle is used in such a way that a boundary surface is formed only in the direction not intended for radiation of the sound, then a directional speaker system can be realized. In the conventional design method of the directional speaker array system, in order to achieve sharp directivity in the low frequencies, it is necessary to enlarge the array length. On the other hand, in our proposed system, it is easy to achieve sharp directivity in the low frequencies, since the boundary surface control principle can achieve high performance in the low frequencies. Moreover, by changing the control sound source spacing for each bandwidth, rather flat characteristics can be obtained over the entire control range. In this paper, the basic characteristics constituting guidelines for system design and the effect of control are confirmed by numerical calculations and experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(2): 1–9, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20122
Acoustic model adaptation by selective training using two‐stage clustering
Authors: Sato Shoei , Segi Hiroyuki , Onoe Kazuo , Miyasaka Eiichi , Isono Haruo , Imai Toru , Ando Akio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn speech recognition systems where the speaker and utterance environment cannot be designated, the drop in recognition precision due to the incompatibility of the input speech and acoustic model's training data is a problem. Although this problem is normally solved by speaker adaptation, sufficient precision cannot be achieved for speaker adaptation unless good‐quality adaptation data can be obtained. In this paper, the authors propose a method of efficiently clustering large‐scale data using the likelihoods of a cluster model that was created from small‐scale data as the criteria to obtain a high‐precision adapted acoustic model. They also propose a method of using the cluster model to automatically determine the adapted acoustic model during recognition from only the beginning of the sentences of the input speech. The results of applying the proposed technique to news speech recognition experiments show that the adapted acoustic model selection precision can be ensured by using only 0.5 second of data of the beginnings of sentences of the input speech and that the proposed technique achieves a reduction rate for invalid recognitions of 20% and a reduction in the time required for recognition of 23% compared with when the adapted acoustic model for each cluster is not used. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(2): 41–51, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20157
Mitigation of third‐harmonic voltage for three‐phase four‐wire distribution system based on a series active filter for neutral conductor
Authors: Wada Keiji , Inoue Shigenori , Shimizu Toshihisa 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a series active filter for mitigation of the third‐harmonic voltage in a three‐phase four‐wire power distribution system in a building. The active filter which consists of a single‐phase inverter can suppress the harmonic voltage of the system. The active filter is characterized by acting not only as a capacitor but also as a resistor for the third‐harmonic components. A Hilbert transformer is applied to the controller of the active filter in order to realize accurate third‐harmonic detection on a single‐phase active filter. Measurement results of harmonic distortion of source voltage in a building is also shown in this paper. It is clarified in a simulation and experiment that the active filter can suppress the third‐harmonic voltage without increasing neutral conductor current. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 62–70, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10379
A novel robust current control approach using adaptive line enhancer for three‐phase current‐source active power filter
Authors: Nishida Katsumi , Konishi Yoshihiro , Nakaoka Mutsuo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAn effective system control method is presented for applying a three‐phase current‐source PWM converter with a deadbeat controller to active power filters (APFs). In the shunt‐type configuration, the APF is controlled such that the current drawn by the APF from the utility is equal to the current harmonics and reactive current required for the load. To attain the time‐optimal response of the APF supply current, a two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme is applied to APF current control. Furthermore, in order to cancel both the delay in the two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme and the delay in DSP control strategy, an Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) is introduced in order to predict the desired value three sampling periods ahead. ALE has another function of bringing robustness to the deadbeat control system. Due to the ALE, settling time is made short in a transient state. On the other hand, total harmonic distortion (THD) of source currents can be minimized compared to the case where ideal identification of the controlled system can be made. The experimental results obtained from the DSP‐based APF are also reported. The compensating ability of this APF is very high in accuracy and responsiveness although the modulation frequency is rather low. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20014
Electrostatic fluctuation measurements in the periphery of reversed field pinch plasma
Authors: Yambe Kiyoyuki , Maki Shinsuke , Arimoto Hideki , Sato Koichi 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPeripheral plasma electrostatic fluctuations are studied with an inserted electrostatic probe array in the STP‐3(M) Reversed Field Pinch, and radial profiles of electron density, electron temperature, and plasma space potential are measured. The particle flux driven by electrostatic fluctuation is calculated with the correlation between the fluctuation of electron density and fluctuation of plasma space potential, yielding the result that the increase of electrostatic fluctuation at the edge causes particle diffusions. The agreement between the Er × B drift velocity of the radial electric field by the gradient of plasma space potential and the ion thermal velocity at the edge indicates ion motion dominates the particle diffusion. The decrease of the toroidal phase velocity at the edge and the confinement degradation shows the radial outside flow of the Er × Bp drift, where Et is generated by the toroidal flow fluctuation of the Er × B drift. Therefore, the electrostatic fluctuation caused by the radial propagation of plasma space potential is thought of as the dominance of the radial particle flux. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 1–7, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20019
Study of flashover model on overhead distribution lines
Authors: Asano Kentaro , Miyazato Kenji , Hara Kazuhiko , Shimomura Tetsuro , Horinouchi Yusaku 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe have carried out analysis of lightning surge on overhead distribution lines by means of EMTP. We made a model for electric breakdown of a 14‐m concrete pole with impulse voltage (rise time: 2 μ s) applied to the outer surface at the top of the concrete pole. We found that the transient impedance of the breakdown increased linearly before the breakdown and decreased exponentially after the breakdown. The measured voltage and current waveforms correspond to the calculated waveforms by regarding the impedance of the breakdown as resistance. Also we examined the impedance of flashover of an insulator with impulse voltage applied to the lines. The transient impedance of flashover is expressed approximately by the formula: Z(t) = A × exp(−(t − t0)/τ) (A = 1500 to 5000, τ = 3 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−8 s, t: time, t0: starting time of flashover). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 34–41, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20022
Parallelization of genetic algorithm with sexual selection
Authors: Omori Kiyohiro , Maekawa Satoshi , Tamaki Hisashi , Kitamura Shinzo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe propose a parallel genetic algorithm with sexual selection. In genetic algorithms with sexual selection with one population, females keep their traits around local optima by using a lower mutation rate than that of the males, while the males change their traits actively. When a runaway process takes place, the transitions of the males' traits are biased toward a certain direction which depends on the bias of the females' preferences. If the population size is large, the search converges quickly. However, the large population size causes a decrease in search performance. In the proposed method with parallelization, the population size of each subpopulation is maintained adequately, and each subpopulation seeks its own direction of evolution independently. As a result, the proposed method makes a search converge quickly because the runaway process which leads to intermittent evolution tends to take place more quickly than one population model. We applied the proposed method to some test problems. In these problems, while the performance of conventional genetic algorithms was decreased by parallelization, the proposed method exhibited better performance with parallelization. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is better than that of conventional methods. This capability of parallelization is a remarkable characteristic of sexual selection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 42–49, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20029
Influence of distribution voltage control methods on maximum capacity of distributed generators
Authors: Kubota Yoshiyuki , Genji Takamu , Takayama Shinichi , Fukuyama Yoshikazu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRecently, the number of distributed generators (DGs) connected to distribution systems has been increasing. It is important to know how large a generator output is permitted when the generators are connected to a distribution system with regulation of the line voltage, the line current, and the power factor of the generator connection point. The authors demonstrate differences of maximum output of the DGs caused by various voltage control systems in a short‐length system and a long‐length system by load flow calculation. The voltage regulation systems include the following six types: no control equipment, SVC (Static Var Compensator), existing SVR (Step Voltage Regulator), reverse flow type SVR which operates even in reverse flow, existing SVR and SVC, and reverse flow type SVR and SVC. A synchronous generator is considered as a DG in this paper.The calculation results show that the DG's maximum output is about 3300 kW in a short‐length system and about 540 kW in a long‐length system. However, the DG's maximum output increases to about 3750 kW on installing a SVC, and the SVC's capacity decreases on replacing an existing SVR with a reverse power flow type SVR in the long‐length system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 8–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20050
Uptake of membrane molecules from T cells endows antigen‐presenting cells with novel functional properties
Authors: Nolte‐‘t Hoen Esther N. M. , Wagenaar‐Hilbers Josée P. A. , Peters Peter J. , Gadella Bart M. , van Eden Willem , Wauben Marca H. M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlthough intercellular transfer of cell surface molecules has been observed between several cells of the immune system, the physiological relevance of this phenomenon remained obscure. Until now the transfer of molecules between antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and T cells has been described as a unidirectional process from APC to T cells. However, here we show that T cells in turn donate molecules to APC, and that T cell‐derived vesicles can mediate this transfer. The transferred proteins are incorporated into the APC as active molecules. Our data provide evidence that T cells use intercellular molecule transfer to mediate cell contact‐dependent regulation of T cell responses via modulation of the APC.
Parenteral exposure to high HIV viremia leads to virus‐specific T cell priming without evidence of infection
Authors: Missale Gabriele , Papagno Laura , Penna Amalia , Pilli Massimo , Zerbini Alessandro , Vitali Piero , Pieroni Giovanni , Urbani Simona , Uggeri Jacopo , Pinheiro Susana , Rowland‐Jones Sarah , Ferrari Carlo 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPrevious studies on CTL responses in HIV‐exposed uninfected individuals assumed that the patients were exposed to replicating HIV, but the possibility that the immune responses detected were primed by exposure to a defective virus or viral antigen could not be excluded. Epidemiological and laboratory analysis of a nosocomial outbreak of acute hepatitis B unequivocally allowed the identification of an HIV‐1‐ and HBV‐co‐infected patient with high plasma levels of both viruses, as the source case of the epidemics. This clinical setting provided a natural model for testing the HIV‐specific T cell response in patients exposed to blood from a patient with highly replicating HIV. Parenteral exposure to both viruses led to acute hepatitis B in five subjects without evidence of HIV‐1 infection. Cryopreserved lymphocytes derived from three exposed patients were tested ex vivo in an ELISPOT assay for IFN‐γ release upon stimulation with peptides from structural and non‐structural HIV proteins; one of the patients was also tested with four HLA/class I tetramers. Circulating HIV‐specific CD8 cells were detected by tetramer staining and a high frequency of T cells were able to release IFN‐γ upon stimulation with HIV peptides, showing in vivo T cell priming by HIV. These results unequivocally demonstrate a HIV‐specific cell‐mediated immune response in the absence of infection after exposure to highly replicating HIV.
A mouse model of human adaptive immune functions: HLA‐A2.1‐/HLA‐DR1‐transgenic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mice
Authors: Pajot Anthony , Michel Marie‐Louise , Fazilleau Nicolas , Pancré Véronique , Auriault Claude , Ojcius David M. , Lemonnier François A. , Lone Yu‐Chun 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHLA‐A2.1‐/HLA‐DR1‐transgenic H‐2 class I‐/class II‐knockout mice were created and their immunological potential evaluated in response to hepatitis B DNA vaccine. Every single immunized mouse developed hepatitis B virus‐specific antibodies, HLA‐DR1‐restricted helper, and HLA‐A2.1‐restricted cytolytic T cell responses directed at the same immunodominant epitopes as those identified in naturally infected or vaccinated humans. These mice were specifically protected against a hepatitis B‐recombinant vaccinia virus infection with a 10,000‐fold or more reduction of the virus load at day 4 post‐challenge. These mice represent a unique in vivo experimental model for human immune function studies without any interference with mouse MHC response which dwarfed the prediction of human responses. Furthermore, they enable the complete monitoring of immune adaptative responses for preclinical screening of candidate vaccines.
Novel Dy(III) Sensor Based on a New Bis‐Pyrrolidene Schiff's Base
Authors: Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Ravanshad Jaafar , Hosseini Morteza , Salavati‐Niasari Masoud , Pourjavid Mohammad Reza , Baezzat Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn this work a dysprosium [Dy(III)]‐selective solvent polymeric membrane sensor based on N,N‐bis(pyrrolidene) benzne‐1,2‐diamine, poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC), the plasticizer benzylacetate (BA), and anionic site is described. This sensor responds to Dy(III) activity in a linear range from 1.0×10−5 to 1.0×10−1 M, with a slope of 20.6±0.2 mV per decade and a detection limit of 6.0×10−6 M at the pH range of 3.5–8.0. It has a fast response time of<20 s in the entire concentration range, and can be used for at least 2 months without any considerable divergence in the electrode potentials. The proposed sensor revealed comparatively good selectivity with respect to common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. It was used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of fluoride ions and in determination of concentration of F – ions in some mouth washing solutions.
Electrochemical Behavior of Parallel Opposed Dual Electrode in a Microchannel
Authors: Ito Takeshi , Maruyama Kenichi , Sobue Kazuharu , Ohya Seishiro , Niwa Osamu , Suzuki Koji 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior dependent on the microchannel depth is discussed using a parallel opposed dual electrode in the microchip. The microchannel depth was controlled easily by the thickness of the photoresist. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was carried out with conventional mode and the generation‐collection mode. High collection efficiency (max: 98%) and high current amplification (max: 5.2) were achieved without miniaturizing the dual electrode by micromachining techniques, when the microchip with the microchannel depth of 30 μm was used in the generation‐collection mode at low sweep rates. Quantitative analysis was applied to electrochemically reversible species with a quicker response time of around a few seconds for the same microchannel depth on chronoamperometry (CA). We observed good linearity on the calibration plot of dopamine (2×10−6 – ca. 1×10−3 mol dm−3 ).