bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraconfined Plasmons in Atomically Thin Crystalline Silver Nanostructures
Authors: Mkhitaryan Vahagn , Weber Andrew P. , Abdullah Saad , Fernández Laura , Abd El‐Fattah Zakaria M. , Piquero‐Zulaica Ignacio , Agarwal Hitesh , García Díez Kevin , Schiller Frederik , Ortega J. Enrique , García de Abajo F. Javier 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ability to confine light down to atomic scales is critical for the development of applications in optoelectronics and optical sensing as well as for the exploration of nanoscale quantum phenomena. Plasmons in metallic nanostructures with just a few atomic layers in thickness can achieve this type of confinement, although fabrication imperfections down to the subnanometer scale hinder actual developments. Here, narrow plasmons are demonstrated in atomically thin crystalline silver nanostructures fabricated by prepatterning silicon substrates and epitaxially depositing silver films of just a few atomic layers in thickness. Specifically, a silicon wafer is lithographically patterned to introduce on‐demand lateral shapes, chemically process the sample to obtain an atomically flat silicon surface, and epitaxially deposit silver to obtain ultrathin crystalline metal films with the designated morphologies. Structures fabricated by following this procedure allow for an unprecedented control over optical field confinement in the near‐infrared spectral region, which is here illustrated by the observation of fundamental and higher‐order plasmons featuring extreme spatial confinement and high‐quality factors that reflect the crystallinity of the metal. The present study constitutes a substantial improvement in the degree of spatial confinement and quality factor that should facilitate the design and exploitation of atomic‐scale nanoplasmonic devices for optoelectronics, sensing, and quantum‐physics applications.
‘It's all about rapport’: Australian therapists' recommendations for engaging adolescent males in counselling and psychotherapy
Authors: Boerma Micah , Beel Nathan , Jeffries Carla , Krishnamoorthy Govind 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhat are the recommendations provided by Australian therapists to engage and retain adolescent males in psychotherapy? This question is considered in response to research highlighting low engagement and high premature dropout in psychological treatment among adolescent males in both Australia and other Western nations.MethodParticipants were 67 Australian mental health practitioners (35 psychologists, 20 social workers, eight counsellors, three psychiatrists and one occupational therapist) recruited through purposive sampling via professional association websites, publications and social media. Participants completed an open‐question, web‐based qualitative survey. Responses were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes and 10 subthemes were developed, including the following: (1) creating a context of safety; (2) undertaking practices that develop rapport and engagement; and (3) undertaking masculinity‐aware adaptions to the therapy process.ConclusionThe recommendations provided by Australian therapists align with the broader literature tasked with developing male‐friendly interventions applicable and appealing to young men. Therapeutic relationships underpinned by masculinity‐informed trust, commitment and collaboration may be a part of the remedy to young men's limited engagement and retention in therapy.
Tunable Metal‐Free Imidazole‐Benzimidazole Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tanjedrew Narisara , Thammanatpong Kittimeth , Surawatanawong Panida , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Chantarojsiri Teera , Unjarern Takdanai , Kiatisevi Supavadee 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA series of metal‐free imidazole‐benzimidazole catalysts (ImBenz‐H, ImBenz‐NO2, ImBenz‐OCH3) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were prepared. We demonstrate that the electrocatalytic O2 reduction by ImBenz‐NO2 with the electron‐withdrawing group showed high selectivity toward H2O with the number of electrons transferred (n=3.7) in a neutral aqueous solution. The highest ORR selectivity toward H2O2 was achieved using ImBenz‐H (n=2.4) in an alkaline solution. Electrochemical studies of reaction kinetics disclosed that the highest turnover frequencies were obtained from ImBenz‐H in both neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions. The results prove that the ORR selectivity is tunable by modulating the substituent of the ImBenz catalysts. Furthermore, DFT calculations suggested that the ORR mechanism of ImBenz‐H involves the electron transfer from imidazole‐benzimidazole to O2 resulting in the formation of H2O2 which supports the redox active properties of the catalysts ImBenz.
Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness within multinational corporations in Saudi Arabia: The role of Islamic and Wasta values
Authors: Hamlin Robert G. , Alhejji Hussain , Patel Taran 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) presents a promising yet volatile environment for international business. US‐centric models dominate management/leadership studies in the Arab Gulf Region, while emic, indigenous, and context‐specific studies remain scarce. To rectify this epistemic injustice, we have conducted a qualitative Type 3 (emic‐as‐emic) indigenous ‘critical incident' study of managerial behavior exhibited by expat and local managers within MNCs operating in Saudi Arabia. This has led to an emergent KSA‐related two‐factor taxonomy comprised of 15 behavioral dimensions (BDs) that differentiate effective managers from ineffective managers, as perceived by their Saudi colleague managers and staff. The positive (effective), and most of the negative (ineffective) BDs are endorsed by Islamic and tribal Wasta values, thus lending support to literature on culturally endorsed implicit leadership theories, while simultaneously calling for increased attention toward proximal cultural factors rather than distal national cultural dimensions. Comparing our findings against those of an equivalent study in the United Arab Emirates reveals significant similarities and interesting differences, thus challenging the notion of a homogenous ‘Arab culture'. The derived taxonomy offers an insightful, contextually relevant, and richly described understanding of specific types of managerial behavior that managers within MNCs in Saudi Arabia, and perhaps in other Arab Gulf desert countries, should strive to emulate or conversely avoid if they are to be perceived effective by their respective superiors, peers, and subordinates. After discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, we outline the limitations of the study and suggest several directions for future research.
Three Orthogonal Polarization Distribution Mapping of the Tightly Focused Fields with a Dual‐Mode Waveguide Probe
Authors: Yang Aiping , Chen Jiashuo , Chen Xusheng , Meng Fanfei , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStrongly confined electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by tightly focused light beams are applied widely in nano‐optics due to their vectorial characteristics. The inclusion of the longitudinal polarized component plays a crucial role in both the physical characteristics and practical uses of tightly focused vector beams. The acquisition of the distributions of the three orthogonal polarized components of these fields is advantageous for the comprehensive examination of their captivating physical phenomena and possible applications. However, this continues to pose a noteworthy obstacle, especially in the case of the fields that are generated by high numerical aperture objectives. A novel approach is proposed to quantifying the three mutually perpendicular polarizations simultaneously in the focal plane. The method utilizes a dual‐mode waveguide probe that is composed of a dielectric nanoparticle and a metal‐dielectric waveguide. This design allows for the simultaneous support of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Consequently, it enables the polarization recognition of scattering light in k‐space. Importantly, this method effectively eliminates any interference originating from the background light. The work involves an analysis of the theoretical notion of the probe and followed by experimental investigations. This approach holds promise for augmenting optical nanoscopy methodologies and their associated applications.
Investigation on the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites manufactured using vacuum infusion process and hand layup process followed by vacuum bagging
Authors: Varghese Arun Sam , M. S. Sreekanth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpoxy/carbon fiber (CF) composites are widely used for structural applications owing to their exceptional mechanical and physical characteristics. The main aim of this work is to individually analyze the impact of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as nanofillers in epoxy/MWCNTs/CF composites prepared by vacuum infusion process (VIP) and hand layup followed by vacuum bagging technique (HLVB). Optimal Manufacturing Strategies were followed at various stages of manufacturing which include the selection of effective dispersion technique for MWCNTs, identification of optimal weight percentage of MWCNTs in epoxy/MWCNTs nanocomposites and preparation of epoxy/MWCNTs/CF composites. For HLVB samples, tensile and flexural strengths increased from 337.5 to 475 MPa and 615.40 to 677.09 MPa. For VIP samples tensile and flexural strengths increased from 371 to 521 MPa and 714.19 to 769.02 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated improvement in the thermal stability of epoxy with the incorporation of MWCNTs/CF and improved weight percentage retention of 84.7% at 375°C. Fracture analysis of the epoxy/MWCNTs/CF composites prepared using VIP were analyzed by FE‐SEM and revealed that constant fiber rupture caused by better interface and improved bridging mechanism eventually led to enhanced mechanical performance. The predominant immediate fracture mechanism of MWCNTs also indicated this improved interfacial interaction.Highlights
Pull‐out fracture mechanism was predominantly seen in high viscous epoxy/MWCNTs composites
Immediate fracture mechanism of MWCNTs were predominant in low viscous epoxy/MWCNTs sample
Constant fiber rupture of VIP samples indicated improved fiber matrix interface
Incorporation of MWCNTs showed improved weight percentage retention
0.5 wt% MWCNTs incorporated VIP epoxy/CF composites showed improved performance
Pralsetinib-associated pneumonia in RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gao Ming , Zhang Xia , Yan Huan , Sun Decong , Yang Xuejiao , Yuan Fang , Ju Yanfang , Wang Lijie , Wang Jinliang , Zhao Wei , Zhang Dong , Li Lin , Xu Xiaoyun , Ma Junxun , Hu Yi , Zhang Xiaotao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
Oncogenic alternation in RET is one of the important targets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pralsetinib has shown great efficacy in RET fusion-positive NSCLC, but a series of adverse reactions will inevitably occur in the meantime. We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with pneumonia and recognition it in early stage, so patients could longer benefit from pralsetinib.

Methods
This is a multicenter, retrospective study. RET fusion-positive advanced NSCLC patients who developed pneumonia during pralsetinib treatment from January 2020 to December 2022 were included. Clinical data, time to onset of pneumonia, methods of pneumonia diagnosis, treatment with pneumonia, prognosis of pneumonia, and the effect of pneumonia on the efficacy of pralsetinib.

Results
A total of 8 patients with pneumonia were included in the study, most of which were non-smoking female patients and the main fusion gene was KIF5B (87.5%), which was consistent with the general characteristics of RET fusion population. The median occurrence time of pralsetinib-associated pneumonia was 2.15 (range 1.1–6.63) months. All patients were infected by opportunistic pathogens, and the most common pathogen was human herpesviruses and pneumospora yerbii. Fever was always the first symptom, and timely anti-infective treatment including antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and antifungal drugs was effective. Until February 28, 2023, the median follow-up time was 18.7 months, the mean PFS of patients was 17.4 months, and the median PFS was not reached. Fortunately, patients who restarted pralsetinib after infection control continued to benefit.

Conclusions
Opportunistic infection may be a unique adverse effect of pralsetinib. During the treatment of pralsetinib, we should be vigilant about the occurrence of pneumonia and achieve early recognition and timely treatment.
The synergistic route for enhancing rice by-product derived nanoparticles in sustained release of bioactive compound
Authors: Basta Altaf H. , Lotfy Vivian F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis work deals with enhancing the rice straw as precursor of cellulose-based nanoparticles in further application in production of nanogels for prolonging the bioactive compound (Carvedilol drug) release time (sustained release), till the release of the drug is continuous and useful, with minimal side effects. The benefit of the investigated nanogels was proved from comparing their sustaining release with patent and literature data. The nanogels were synthesized from chelating of cellulose-nanoparticles (ONC) in hybrid with palm extract (PE) by chitosan. The effective role of pulping reagent to prepare the pulp precursor of ONC was also assessed. The ONCs were prepared from different RS-pulp precursors, using soda, soda-anthraquinone-borohydride and AcOH-organosolv pulping reagents. FT-IR, SEM, non-isothermal TGA and swelling behavior of nanogels, in addition to their in vitro release of drug and kinetics were studied. The data showed that incorporating the PE to ONCs, especially from alkaline pulp-produced nanogels with highestsustaining behavior, where at 5 h the release % was decreased from ~ 50 to 33% and provided 50% CAR release at 24 h. This time was greater than reported by literature on using other drug carriers (10–18 h), which will stimulate the reduction of the number of doses. Almost all PE-containing gels followed the zero-order kinetic release.
Graphical abstract
Cone-driven strong flash electroretinograms in healthy adults: Prevalence of negative waveforms
Authors: Jiang Xiaofan , Bhatti Taha , Tariq Ambreen , Leo Shaun M. , Aychoua Nancy , Webster Andrew R. , Hysi Pirro G. , Hammond Christopher J. , Mahroo Omar A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Both rod and cone-driven signals contribute to the electroretinogram (ERG) elicited by a standard strong flash in the dark. Negative ERGs usually reflect inner retinal dysfunction. However, in diseases where rod photoreceptor function is selectively lost, a negative waveform might represent the response of the dark-adapted cone system. To investigate the dark-adapted cone-driven waveform in healthy individuals, we delivered flashes on a dim blue background, designed to saturate the rods, but minimally adapt the cones.

Methods
ERGs were recorded, using conductive fibre electrodes, in adults from the TwinsUK cohort. Responses to 13 cd m−2 s white xenon flashes (similar to the standard DA 10 flash), delivered on a blue background, were analysed. Photopic and scotopic strengths of the background were 1.3 and 30 cd m−2, respectively; through a dilated pupil, this is expected to largely saturate the rods, but adapt the cones much less than the standard ISCEV background.

Results
Mean (SD) participant age was 62.5 (11.3) years (93% female). ERGs from 203 right and 204 left eyes were included, with mean (SD) b/a ratios of 1.22 (0.28) and 1.18 (0.28), respectively (medians, 1.19 and 1.17). Proportions with negative waveforms were 23 and 26%, respectively. Right and left eye b/a ratios were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient 0.74, p < 0.0001). We found no significant correlation of b/a ratio with age.

Conclusions
Over 20% of eyes showed b/a ratios less than 1, consistent with the notion that dark-adapted cone-driven responses to standard bright flashes can have negative waveforms. The majority had ratios greater than 1. Thus, whilst selective loss of rod function can yield a negative waveform (with reduced a-wave) in some, our findings also suggest that loss of rod function can occur without necessarily yielding a negative ERG. One potential limitation is possible mild cone system adaptation by the background.
Hunting and the Social Lives of Southern Africa’s First Farmers
Authors: Jones Mica B. , Kapumha Russell , Chirikure Shadreck , Marshall Fiona 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPerspectives on human–animal relationships are changing in archaeology and related disciplines. Analytical models that distinguish foraging from food production remain popular, but scholars are beginning to recognize greater variability in the ways people understood and engaged with animals in the past. In southern Africa, researchers have observed that wild animals were economically and socially important to recent agropastoral societies. However, archaeological models emphasize cattle keeping and downplay the role of hunting among past farming groups. To address this discrepancy and investigate human–wild animal interactions over the last ~ 2000 years, we examined zooarchaeological data from 54 southern African Iron Age (first and second millennium AD) farming sites. Diversity and taxonomic information highlights how often and what types of animals people hunted. Comparisons with earlier and contemporaneous forager and herder sites in southern and eastern Africa show that hunting for social and economic purposes characterized the spread of farming and rise of complex societies in southern Africa. The long-term cultural integration of wild animals into food-producing societies is unusual from a Global South perspective and warrants reappraisal of forager/farmer dichotomies in non-Western contexts.
Self-Inflicted Frankfurt-Style Cases and Flickers of Freedom
Authors: Robinson Michael 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccording to the most popular versions of the flicker defense, Frankfurt-style cases fail to undermine the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP) because agents in these cases are (directly) morally responsible not for making the decisions they make but for making these decisions on their own, which is something they could have avoided doing. Frankfurt defenders have primarily focused on trying to show that the alternative possibility of refraining from making the relevant decisions on their own is not a robust alternative, while generally granting that this alternative cannot easily be eliminated from successful cases of this sort. In a recent issue of this journal, Stockdale (2022) attempts to sidestep the debate concerning robustness and develops a novel kind of Frankfurt-style case in which agents are unable to avoid making the relevant decisions on their own. The fundamental problem with Stockdale’s argument is that it hinges on an implausible conception of acting on one’s own. I help clarify the pertinent sense of what it means to do a thing on one’s own in this context and show that these new cases are unable to overcome the targeted versions of the flicker defense of PAP.
Genetic preservation of SLC22A3 in the Admixed and Xhosa populations living in the Western Cape
Authors: Pearce Brendon , Jacobs Clifford , Benjeddou Mongi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Amphiphilic solute facilitator organic cation transporters mediate the movement of various endogenous and exogenous organic cations, including crucial drugs like metformin, oxaliplatin, and lamivudine. These transporters are now seen as a potential explanation for inter-individual differences in drug effectiveness, contributing to 15–30% of such variability due to genetic factors.The aim of this study was to determine the baseline minor allele frequency distribution of 18 known coding SNPs in the SLC22A3 gene of 278 Cape Admixed (130) and Xhosa (148) individuals residing in Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods
A convenience sampling method was used for sample collection. DNA extraction and subsequent amplification of target sites was carried out according to standard established methodologies. All genotyping was performed using the SNaPshot™ mini-seuqencing platform.

Results
This study found no genetic polymorphisms in the coding region of the SLC22A3 gene of both the Xhosa and Cape Admixed individuals investigated.

Conclusion
This study has shown that SLC22A3 coding SNPs observed in other populations are absent in the sample of both Cape Admixed and Xhosa individuals studied. The lack of protein sequence variation was consistent with other studies and may reflect the significant physiological role of human organic cation transporter 3 in maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis.
Mixed Methods Evaluation of Satisfaction with Two Culturally Tailored Substance use Prevention Programs for American Indian/Alaska Native Emerging Adults
Authors: Palimaru Alina I. , Brown Ryan A. , Dickerson Daniel L. , Kennedy David , Johnson Carrie L. , D’Amico Elizabeth J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmerican Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are disproportionately affected by the opioid epidemic. AI/AN emerging adults (ages 18–25) in urban areas are at particularly high risk, with the overdose death rate among urban-dwelling AI/AN people 1.4 times higher than rural-dwelling AI/AN people. Despite these challenges, there are no evidence-based culturally tailored prevention or intervention programs to address opioid, alcohol and other drug use among urban AI/AN emerging adults. This study focused on understanding AI/AN emerging adults’ experiences with two culturally tailored programs addressing opioid, cannabis, and alcohol use as part of the randomized controlled trial for Traditions and Connections for Urban Native Americans (TACUNA) in order to enhance feasibility of this intervention. Using a convergent mixed methods design at 3-month follow-up, we collected satisfaction and experience ratings and written narratives (total n = 162; intervention n = 77; control n = 85) from a sample of urban-dwelling AI/AN emerging adults who participated in both programs. We analyzed data through simultaneous examination of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative ratings show that both programs were rated highly. The qualitative data contextualized these ratings, illustrating pathways through which specific components were perceived to cause desired or observed behavioral change in participants. Among the elements that mattered most to these participants were the convenience of the virtual format, having a comfortable and safe space to share personal stories, and learning new information about their social networks. Negative comments focused on workshop length and inconvenient scheduling. This is one of the first studies to explore participant satisfaction and experience with culturally tailored substance use programming among a historically marginalized and understudied population. It is important to consider the voices of urban-dwelling AI/AN people in program development because hidden factors, such as limited financial resources, limited time, and misalignment with cultural values may prevent existing programs from being feasible.