bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the underlying mechanism of computational thinking: The mediating role of attitudinal beliefs between personality and learning performance
Authors: Zhang Shuhan , Wong Gary K. W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundComputational thinking (CT) has been broadly considered one of the 21st‐century competencies, and an emerging trend has been seen in integrating CT into primary education. Cumulative research was conducted to investigate the influencing factors of CT learning performance, and an ample range of factors has been identified, involving both cognitive and non‐cognitive facets. However, limited has been done in exploring the non‐cognitive factors, and even less at the primary education level.ObjectiveTo address this gap, this study bridged CT with personality in the primary school context, and more importantly, it proposed a mediator in the personality‐CT relationship that is, attitudinal beliefs, which are amenable to change, thereby allowing further support for nurturing the traits.MethodBased on the Big Five model of personality, standard tests were administered to a sample of 434 primary school students (ages 8–11), and data were analysed using structural equation modelling via Mplus. To improve the robustness of the results, control variables (i.e., demographic features, coding experience) were added to the research model, and a bootstrap approach with 5000 resamples was used to examine the mediating effect.Result and ConclusionFindings demonstrated that Conscientiousness had a positive effect on CT, and attitudinal beliefs mediated the effect of Open‐mindedness (positive) and Negative Emotionality (negative) on CT. The study contributes to the literature by enriching the CT network with non‐intellectual components and unravelling the mechanism of CT regarding how disposition traits turn into learning performance. The results implicate practitioners on the importance of encouraging conscientious behaviours and nurturing positive attitudinal beliefs in CT primary education.
Physical characterization and development of mathematical models for predicting mass and area of oil palm fruits
Authors: Sanganamoni Shivashankar , Kancherla Suresh , Pedapati Anitha , Akki Sathish , Patel Jyotsana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEngineering properties play an important role in designing any post‐harvest machinery or process. Oil palm fruits are nonuniform in size and shape, hence to develop an appropriate handling, conveying, and extraction method, detailed knowledge of engineering properties of oil palm fruits is required. Further, distribution of oil palm fruits within the bunch is also nonuniform, varied with fruit mass/size which affects the distribution pattern of oil within the bunch. Hence, to represent the complete bunch while sampling, fruit mass needs to be taken into consideration. However, measuring fruit mass for individual fruit may not be feasible. Hence the present study is targeted to measure the engineering properties of oil palm fruits and development of various mathematical models to predict the mass, surface area and projected area of oil palm fruits based on their engineering properties. Oil palm fruits (N = 1200) of the Tenera variety were collected from 10 bunches and engineering properties of oil palm fruits were measured. The data collected for engineering properties of oil palm fruits revealed that a wide range for each engineering property was reported for oil palm fruits, and hence it can be concluded that oil palm fruits are diversified in terms of their engineering properties. A correlation study was conducted and correlation coefficient for each parameter was recorded. Mass, surface area and project area modeling was done. The four models, linear, quadratic, S‐curve and power models were considered and best‐fitted model was selected based on fitting characteristics of the model.Practical applicationsEngineering properties of oil palm fruits measured in this study play a vital role in designing industrial level post‐harvest machinery for oil palm bunch processing and oil extraction. Models developed for predicting mass, surface area and projected area of oil palm fruits reported fairly accepted validation results. Hence post‐harvest machinery/process developed based on desired engineering property predicted with these models can work efficiently. Grading of oil palm fruits based on mass is now possible at industrial level with the help of grading machinery developed using these model data.
The evolution of indium precipitation in gallium focused ion beam prepared samples of InGaAs/InAlAs quantum wells under electron beam irradiation
Authors: Liu Shuo , Dong Jiawei , Ma Zhenyu , Hu Wenyu , Deng Yong , Shi Yuechun , Wang Xiaoyi , Qiu Yang , Walther Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGallium ion (Ga+) beam damage induced indium (In) precipitation in indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs)/indium aluminium arsenide (InAlAs) multiple quantum wells and its corresponding evolution under electron beam irradiation was investigated by valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) and high‐angle annular dark‐field imaging (HAADF) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Compared with argon ion milling for sample preparation, the heavier projectiles of Ga+ ions pose a risk to trigger In formation in the form of tiny metallic In clusters. These are shown to be sensitive to electron irradiation and can increase in number and size under the electron beam, deteriorating the structure. Our finding reveals the potential risk of formation of In clusters during focused ion beam (FIB) preparation of InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well samples and their subsequent growth under STEM‐HAADF imaging, where initially invisible In clusters of a few atoms can move and swell during electron beam exposure.
The effects of supramolecular nicotinamide combined with supramolecular salicylic acid on chloasma
Authors: Cheng Yao , Zhang Liang , You Yan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of supramolecular salicylic acid monotherapy and supramolecular nicotinamide in the treatment of chloasma.MethodsA total of 28 female patients with chloasma diagnosed in the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 14 cases in each group. All patients were treated with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid every 2 weeks, for a total of 8 treatments. The experimental group was treated with 10% supramolecular nicotinamide once in the morning and once in the evening, and the control group was a blank control. Before each exfoliation treatment, subjects were photographed with a VISIA skin detector, and skin image analysis and modified melasma area and severity index (MASI) score were performed.ResultsAccording to the MMASI decrease rate (%) before and after treatment, the effective rate of the experimental group was 64.29%, and the effective rate of the control group was 14.29%. The results of the GriffithS10 and VISIA were improved. During the whole treatment, there was one mild adverse reaction in both groups.ConclusionSalicylic acid stripping combined with nicotinamide in the treatment of chloasma is safe and effective, can improve skin conditions, and can be widely applied in clinical practice.
The Narrow Channel of Quantitative Easing: Evidence from YCC Down Under
Authors: LUCCA DAVID O. , WRIGHT JONATHAN H. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTWe study the recent Australian experience with yield curve control (YCC) as perhaps the best evidence of how this policy might work in other developed economies. YCC seemingly worked well in 2020, when the market expected short rates to stay at zero for a long period of time. As the global recovery and inflation gained momentum in 2021, liftoff expectations moved up, the Reserve Bank of Australia purchased most of the targeted government bond outstanding, and the target bond's yield dislocated from other financial market instruments. The evidence suggests that central bank bond purchase programs can operate more narrowly than previously considered.
Dispositional compassion shifts social preferences in systematic ways
Authors: Ocampo Joseph , Keltner Dacher 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroduction: How people attach value to the outcomes of self and other—social preferences—is central to social behavior. Recently, how dispositional and state emotion shape such social preferences has received researchers' attention.Method: The present investigation asked whether and to what extent dispositional and state compassion predict shifts in social preferences across 4 samples: two correlational samples (final ns 153 & 368, study 1a and 1b) and two experimental samples (final ns: 430 & 530, studies 2 and 3).Results: In keeping with recent accounts of compassion, dispositional compassion predicted general preference for equality, expressed as dispreference for both monetary advantage over another (interaction βs = −0.36, −0.33, −0.25, −0.22; all p < 0.001) and monetary disadvantage relative to others (βs: 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.17; all p < 0.01; positive coefficients imply dispreference). This dispositional effect persisted when controlling for prosociality, positivity, agreeableness, and respectfulness. Furthermore, these dispositional compassion effects were relatively unchanged by experimental emotion inductions in studies 3 and 4. The experimental inductions of state compassion and state pride showed little evidence of systematic effects on social preferences relative to each other or a neutral condition.Discussion: Discussion focused on individual differences in emotion and social preferences.
Fate of melatonin orally administered in preterm newborns: Antioxidant performance and basis for neuroprotection
Authors: Garofoli Francesca , Franco Valentina , Accorsi Patrizia , Albertini Riccardo , Angelini Micol , Asteggiano Carlo , Aversa Salvatore , Ballante Elena , Borgatti Renato , Cabini Raffaella F. , Caporali Camilla , Chiapparini Luisa , Cociglio Sara , Fazzi Elisa , Longo Stefania , Malerba Laura , Materia Valeria , Mazzocchi Laura , Naboni Cecilia , Palmisani Michela , Pichiecchio Anna , Pinelli Lorenzo , Pisoni Camilla , Preda Lorenzo , Riboli Alice , Risso Francesco M. , Rizzo Vittoria , Rognone Elisa , Simoncelli Anna M. , Villani Paola , Tzialla Chryssoula , Ghirardello Stefano , Orcesi Simona 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPreterm infants cannot counteract excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to preterm birth, leading to an excess of lipid peroxidation with malondialdehyde (MDA) production, capable of contributing to brain damage. Melatonin (ME), an endogenous brain hormone, and its metabolites, act as a free radical scavenger against ROS. Unfortunately, preterms have an impaired antioxidant system, resulting in the inability to produce and release ME. This prospective, multicenter, parallel groups, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial aimed to assess: (i) the endogenous production of ME in very preterm infants (gestational age ≤ 29 + 6 WE, 28 infants in the ME and 26 in the placebo group); (ii) the exogenous hormone availability and its metabolization to the main metabolite, 6‐OH‐ME after 15 days of ME oral treatment; (iii) difference of MDA plasma concentration, as peroxidation marker, after treatment. Blood was collected before the first administration (T1) and after 15 days of administration (T2). ME and 6‐OH‐ME were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, MDA was measured by liquid chromatograph with fluorescence detection. ME and 6‐OH‐ME were not detectable in the placebo group at any study time‐point. ME was absent in the active group at T1. In contrast, after oral administration, ME and 6‐OH‐ME resulted highly detectable and the difference between concentrations T2 versus T1 was statistically significant, as well as the difference between treated and placebo groups at T2. MDA levels seemed stable during the 15 days of treatment in both groups. Nevertheless, a trend in the percentage of neonates with reduced MDA concentration at T2/T1 was 48.1% in the ME group versus 38.5% in the placebo group. We demonstrated that very preterm infants are not able to produce endogenous detectable plasma levels of ME during their first days of life. Still, following ME oral administration, appreciable amounts of ME and 6‐OH‐ME were available. The trend of MDA reduction in the active group requires further clinical trials to fix the dosage, the length of ME therapy and to identify more appropriate indexes to demonstrate, at biological and clinical levels, the antioxidant activity and consequent neuroprotectant potential of ME in very preterm newborns.
An acute bout of high‐intensity exercise affects nocturnal sleep and sleep‐dependent memory consolidation
Authors: Frisch Nicole , Heischel Laura , Wanner Philipp , Kern Simon , Gürsoy Çağatay Necati , Roig Marc , Feld Gordon Benedikt , Steib Simon 
Published: December 2023

SummaryAcute exercise has been shown to affect long‐term memory and sleep. However, it is unclear whether exercise‐induced changes in sleep architecture are associated with enhanced memory. Recently, it has been shown that exercise followed by a nap improved declarative memory. Whether these effects transfer to night sleep and other memory domains has not yet been studied. Here, we investigate the influence of exercise on nocturnal sleep architecture and associations with sleep‐dependent procedural and declarative memory consolidation. Nineteen subjects (23.68 ± 3.97 years) were tested in a balanced cross‐over design. In two evening sessions, participants either exercised (high‐intensity interval training) or rested immediately after encoding two memory tasks: (1) a finger tapping task and (2) a paired‐associate learning task. Subsequent nocturnal sleep was recorded by polysomnography. Retrieval was conducted the following morning. High‐intensity interval training lead to an increased declarative memory retention (p = 0.047, d = 0.40) along with a decrease in REM sleep (p = 0.012, d = 0.75). Neither procedural memory nor NREM sleep were significantly affected. Exercise‐induced changes in N2 showed a positive correlation with procedural memory retention which did not withstand multiple comparison correction. Exploratory analyses on sleep spindles and slow wave activity did not reveal significant effects. The present findings suggest an exercise‐induced enhancement of declarative memory which aligns with changes in nocturnal sleep architecture. This gives additional support for the idea of a potential link between exercise‐induced sleep modifications and memory formation which requires further investigation in larger scaled studies.
Association between alcohol use disorder and risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ko Jisu , Lim Jae Hyeok , Kim Dan Bi , Joo Min Jeong , Jang Yun Seo , Park Eun‐Cheol , Shin Jaeyong 
Published: December 2023

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterised by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep. Alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of OSA due to its effects on the upper airway and body mass index (BMI). We aimed to investigate the correlation between alcohol use disorders and OSA. We used 11,859 participants data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The variable of interest was alcohol use disorder, measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the dependent variable was the risk of OSA, measured using the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure, BMI, age, neck circumference, and male gender questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between alcohol use disorder and OSA risk after adjusted analysis. A significant association was found between alcohol use disorder and OSA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.93–2.37). In the unemployed group, those with alcohol use disorder had the highest odds of being at risk of OSA compared with those who did not have this disorder (aOR 2.45, 95% CI 2.04–2.95). The OSA risk increased as the snoring frequency, amount of alcohol consumed, and frequency of binge drinking increased. This study suggests an association between alcohol use disorders and the risk of OSA. The frequency of alcohol consumption, quantity of alcohol consumed, and snoring frequency were associated with the risk of OSA. Therefore, ceasing alcohol consumption is recommended as an effective approach to enhancing sleep quality.
Protein O‐GlcNAcylation: The sweet hub in liver metabolic flexibility from a (patho)physiological perspective
Authors: Hu Ya‐Jie , Zhang Xu , Lv Hong‐Ming , Liu Yang , Li Shi‐Ze 
Published: December 2023

AbstractO‐GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, reversible and atypical O‐glycosylation that regulates various cellular physiological processes via conformation, stabilisation, localisation, chaperone interaction or activity of target proteins. The O‐GlcNAcylation cycle is precisely controlled by collaboration between O‐GlcNAc transferase and O‐GlcNAcase. Uridine‐diphosphate‐N‐acetylglucosamine, the sole donor of O‐GlcNAcylation produced by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, is controlled by the input of glucose, glutamine, acetyl coenzyme A and uridine triphosphate, making it a sensor of the fluctuation of molecules, making O‐GlcNAcylation a pivotal nutrient sensor for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides. O‐GlcNAcylation, particularly prevalent in liver, is the core hub for controlling systemic glucose homeostasis due to its nutritional sensitivity and precise spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signal transduction. The pathology of various liver diseases has highlighted hepatic metabolic disorder and dysfunction, and abnormal O‐GlcNAcylation also plays a specific pathological role in these processes. Therefore, this review describes the unique features of O‐GlcNAcylation and its dynamic homeostasis maintenance. Additionally, it explains the underlying nutritional sensitivity of O‐GlcNAcylation and discusses its mechanism of spatiotemporal modulation of insulin signal transduction and liver metabolic homeostasis during the fasting and feeding cycle. This review emphasises the pathophysiological implications of O‐GlcNAcylation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, and focuses on the adverse effects of hyper O‐GlcNAcylation on liver cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.
A Heart for the Care: Affect, Kin, and Care Work in a Zambian Hospital
Authors: Bunkley Emma Nelson , Asante Comfort , Burack Sarah , Kaufman Lindsey , Miti Sam , Hunleth Jean 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAt the only standalone pediatric hospital in Zambia, patient wellbeing often rests in the hands of bedsiders. Bedsiders are caregivers, often family, who sit at the patient's bedside, feeding, cleaning them, and running medical errands. Bedsiders are critical human infrastructure for the hospital and its staff. In our research, we heard repeatedly that bedsiders must have a “heart” for caregiving, taking on unremunerated and exhausting informal labor. We draw on Wendland's “heart for the work,” a phrase commonly used among healthcare workers in Malawi and Zambia describing the medical profession, to explore what this metaphor reveals about care.
THE VEGETATION HISTORY OF THE SHEPHELAH, SOUTHERN LEVANT: MIDDLE BRONZE AGE–HELLENISTIC PERIOD (c.2000–100 BC)
Authors: Jin Minji , Lipschits Oded , Langgut Dafna 
Published: December 2023

SummaryAlthough the Shephelah region (Israel) is of a great archaeological significance and has been intensively excavated, very little is known about its landscape history. This study presents two large‐scale charred wood assemblages (>2300 items) that were recovered from Tel Azekah and Tel Lachish in order to reconstruct the ancient vegetation of the Shephelah. The two assemblages cover a temporal range from the Middle Bronze Age through the Hellenistic period (c.2000–100 BC). This new diachronic environmental investigation demonstrates that the natural arboreal vegetation in the Shephelah was dominated by oak and pistachio. From the perspective of the regional fruit tree horticulture, olive was the dominant component, indicating that the region included extensive olive orchards. Other documented fruit trees are grapevine, fig, sycamore fig, carob, date palm and almond. The high frequencies of olive remains throughout all investigated periods point to climatic conditions in the region being close to what we are facing today, with at least 400–450 mm of annual precipitation, which is required for a profitable grove. During the Iron Age II, the proportion of olive remains reached its zenith, most probably as a result of Assyrian agroeconomic management that assigned the Shephelah to olive oil production. At the same time, a reduction in natural Mediterranean trees was identified, representing intense human pressure on the natural environment. The discovery of charred cedar of Lebanon remains only at Lachish points to the high status of the site within the region.
A Rare Combined Injury in Children during Side Impact: The Possible Mechanism and Treatment Results
Authors: Liu Shuai , OuYang LiZhi , He Xi , Liu JiaTong , Peng LianQi , Rai Saroj , Lin WeiFeng , Tang Xin 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveProximal humeral fracture combined with contralateral midshaft clavicle fracture is an extremely rare injury in children. Few studies focus on the injury mechanism and treatment scheme. The aim of this study is to propose the possible mechanism of this injury and present the treatment results.MethodsThis retrospective study included children diagnosed with proximal humeral fractures combined with contralateral midshaft clavicle fractures from August 2016 to March 2019 in the corresponding author's institution. The patients received elastic stable intramedullary nails and external fixation as treatment. The radiological and clinical outcomes of treatments were evaluated using the imaging and the Constant–Murley score (CMS) in follow up.ResultsTwelve patients (eight males and four females) with an average age of 7.83 years old (age 5–12) were included in this research. All the patients had suffered a side impact in a road traffic accident or outdoor environment. Hypothesis about the mechanism was the proximal humerus was directly impacted at first and caused the surgical neck fracture, then the contralateral shoulder hits the solid object and the contralateral midshaft clavicle was fractured. During the average 45.2 months (range 36–57) follow‐up, all the patient's fractures achieved clinical and radiological union before 14 weeks without complications. Every patient had a satisfactory score (range from 92 to 100) on the CMS criteria for both shoulders.ConclusionThe hypothesis about the mechanism of this combined injury in this study sounds reasonable. It highlights the need for safety‐related education about using a safety seat or wearing a seat belt to parents and caregivers, so as to avoid such injury even if the treatment with external fixation (EF) and proximal humeral and elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) showed good results.