bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resettlement Policy of the Soviet Government in the UkrSSR in the 1920s
Authors: Sokyrska Vladylena , Krupenya Iryna 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the article is to give an objective assessment of both the resettlement policy of the Soviet state and the practice of its implementation in Ukraine, to establish the stages of this policy, the causes of resettlement, their scale, the state and peculiarities of the organisation of resettlement affairs in the 1920s, and to show it as a period and a prerequisite for forced mass resettlement in the following years.
The scientific novelty of the research results lies in a new assessment of the resettlement policy of the Soviet authorities in the 1920s, the determination of the stages and principles of resettlement, the clarification of the factors that prompted the Ukrainian peasantry to change their place of residence, and the proof of the inability of the state authorities to establish an appropriate social – economic policy and solving the issue of agrarian overpopulation. The article shows the use of the resettlement organised by the Soviet authorities to clear the border strip of “socially dangerous” elements. It is proved that the general line of the resettlement policy of the Soviet authorities in the 1920s was to replace spontaneous migrations with purposeful, planned and regulated measures, with a gradual transition to mass deportations.
Conclusions. The article is devoted to one of the important socio-economic problems of the history of the Soviet period – the resettlement policy of the Bolshevik government in the 1920s, which has not lost its relevance even today. Various aspects of resettlement from Ukraine in the 1920s remain understudied to this day. In this article, the problems of the resettlement of peasants in the period of the 1920s from the largest agrarian region of the USSR – Ukraine, are investigated on the basis of specific historical material, using the achievements of historiography and documents of the central archival institutions of the higher authorities and administration of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Features of state policy, material and organisational capabilities of the resettlement case, causes, scales and difficulties of resettlement are shown.
Психофізичні наслідки голоду 1921-1923 рр. у дітей України
Authors: Vasylchuk Hennadii , Shugalyova Inna 
Published: November 2023

У статті досліджено епідеміологічну ситуацію серед дітей в Україні у роки голоду 1921-1923 рр., з’ясовано причини поширення пандемій холери, тифу й інших хвороб, визначено пролонговані наслідки тривалого голодування на організм дитини.
Метою статті є аналіз епідеміологічного ситуації у голодуючих губерніях України у роки голоду 1921-1923 рр. та з’ясування його психофізичних наслідків.
Методологія статті базується на інтердисциплінарному підході. Застосовано методи історичних, соціологічних, статистико-демографічних наук, контент аналіз, метод соціокультурної динаміки, мікроісторичний підхід, методи історичної антропології.
Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що на основі історичних джерел доведено, що діти України стали найбільш численними жертвами голоду 1921-1923 рр. У населених пунктах УСРР майже не залишилося дітей, народжених у 1915-1918 рр. Відчутними стали й пролонговані наслідки зазначеної трагедії. Діти, що тривалий час перебували у стані постійного голодування, мали знівечене здоров’я, викривлену психіку, деформоване світосприйняття, оскільки щодня вони боролися за виживання, на їх очах гинули їх близькі та знайомі.
Висновки. Голод, який вирував в українських губерніях у 1921-1923 рр., став основною причиною масової загибелі дітей. Це явище обумовило загострення епідеміологічної ситуації в УСРР, оскільки призводило до фізичної та психологічної виснаженості дитячого організму, зниження у них імунітету. Комуністичний режим не зміг забезпечити дітям України відповідного медичного догляду та санітарної допомоги. Діти, що залишалися у живих, мали підірване здоров’я та надламану психіку. Голодне повсякдення українських дітей у 1921-1923 рр. перетворилося на сіру знеособлену буденність, постійне блукання у пошуках їжі та прихистку. Апатія, безнадійність, зневіра та безперспективність буття стали супутниками щоденного існування.
Багато дітей втратили зв’язок із родинами, опинилися у притулках, поповнили категорію соціальних сиріт. Українське суспільство змінилося під впливом голоду 1921-1923 рр. Проте ще більша трансформація національних витоків і ментальних підвалин відбулося під час Голодомору 1932-1933 рр.
Українське село напередодні катастрофи: епістолярний автопортрет (1926-1928 рр.)
Authors: Lyakh Sergiy 
Published: November 2023

Мета статті – піддати сумніву уявлення, що українське пореволюційне село було відсталим, неписьменним, аполітичним гальмом соціального прогресу.
Наукова новизна. Запропонована альтернатива давній традиції дослідження свідомості українського селянства за документами, матеріалами та наративами компартійних вождів, «радянського» чиновництва, комуністичної преси, відомчої статистики. Здійснена спроба відтворити ментальну карту села і систему цінностей українського селянства за текстами самих селян. Продемонстровані влучність, дотепність, колоритність, практичність селянинової думки та селянинового слова.
Висновки. Аналіз селянських листів до газети «Радянське село» 1926-1928 рр. дозволяє стверджувати, що українське пореволюційне село було: тотально українським своєю мовою, культурою та світоглядом; маскулінним; глибоко індивідуалістичним; модернізованим на рівні оперативної діяльності та патріархальним психологічно; сповненим самоповаги; витривалим; ображеним та іронічним; антикомуністичним; антимосковським; лояльним до держави й одноразово гіперкритичним до неї; з власним баченням необхідних змін.
Узагальнивши чисельні пропозиції кількох сотень селян-дописувачів, можна побачити продуману програму вимог, свого роду селянську конституцію. Її головні положення: відмова від «класового принципу» в оподаткуванні; відмова від політики «ножиць» цін і повернення до економічно обґрунтованої цінової політики; скасування державної монополії на зовнішню торгівлю; пропорційне представництво робітників і селян в усіх органах влади; реальне виконання проголошеної програми загальної початкової освіти, широкий доступ до середньої та вищої освіти; реальне проведення українізації управлінського апарату.
Протистояння бідняцької та заможної частини селянства не було «класовою боротьбою» сільських комунарів зі світом капіталу. В основі ворожнечі бідноти з «куркулями» лежало прагнення розширити своє землекористування і самим стати повноцінними хазяями. З весни 1928 р. перед лицем повномасштабного державного терору село об’єдналося та демонструвало відверту ворожість компартійній владі. Значного поширення набуло чекання війни і «нової революції».
Exploration of violet-to-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on “CH/N” and “H/CN” substitutions at diphenylsulphone acceptor. A DFT study
Authors: Hussain Aftab , Irfan Ahmad , Kanwal Farah , Afzal Muhammad , Chaudhry Aijaz Rasool , Hussien Mohamed , Ali Muhammad Arif 
Published: November 2023

The violet-to-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters were created employing several substituents based on 5,5-dimethyl-5,10-dihydropyrido [2,3-b][1,8] naphthyridine-diphenylsulphone (DMDHPN-DPS) called 1a via “CH/N” and “H/CN” substitutions at the diphenylsulphone acceptor (DPS) moiety. The parent compound 1a was selected from our former work after extensive research employing “CH/N” substitution on Dimethyl-acridine (DMAC) donor moiety. There is a little overlap amid the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest un-occupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) due to the distribution of HOMOs and LUMOs primarily on the DMDHPN donor and the DPS acceptor moieties, respectively. It resulted in a narrower energy gap (∆EST) between the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited state. In nearly all derivatives, the steric hindrance results in a larger torsional angle (85°–98°) between the plane of the DMDHPN and the DPS moieties. The predicted ΔEST values of the compounds with “H/CN” substitution were lower than those of the comparable “CH/N” substituents, demonstrating the superiority of the reversible inter-system crossing (RISC) from the T1 → S1 state. All derivatives have emission wavelengths (λem) in the range of 357–449 nm. The LUMO → HOMO transition energies in the S1 states are lowered by the presence of –CN groups or –N = atoms at the ortho or meta sites of a DPS acceptor unit, causing the λem values to red-shift. Furthermore, the λem showed a greater red-shift as there were more–CN groups or –N = atoms. Three of the derivatives named 1b, 1g, and 1h, emit violet (394 nm, 399 nm, and 398 nm, respectively), while two others, 1f and 1i, emit blue shade (449 nm each) with reasonable emission intensity peak demonstrating that these derivatives are effective violet-to-blue TADF nominees. The lower ΔEST value for derivative 1i (0.01 eV) with λem values of 449 nm make this molecule the finest choice for blue TADF emitter amongst all the studied derivatives. We believe our research might lead to the development of more proficient blue TADF-OLEDs in the future.
Different origins and processing methods affect the intrinsic quality of ginger: a novel approach to evaluating ginger quality
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Yujie , Zuo Chijing , Zhang Jing , Liang Wanhui , Liu Yan , Yu Weidong , Yu Hao , Peng Can 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roce.) is a widely consumed food item and a prominent traditional Chinese medicinal herb. The intrinsic quality of ginger may differ due to variations in its origin and processing techniques. To evaluate the quality of ginger, a straightforward and efficient discriminatory approach has been devised, utilizing 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol as benchmarks.Methods: In order to categorize ginger samples according to their cultivated origins with different longitude and latitude (Shandong, Anhui, and Yunnan provinces in China) and processing methods (liquid nitrogen pulverization, ultra-micro grinding, and mortar grinding), similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed. Furthermore, there was a quantitative determination of the significant marker compounds gingerols, which has considerable impact on maintaining quality control and distinguishing ginger products accurately. Moreover, discrimination analysis (DA) was utilized to further distinguish and classify samples with unknown membership degrees based on the eigenvalues, with the aim of achieving optimal discrimination between groups.Results: The findings obtained from the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data revealed that the levels of various gingerols present in all samples exhibited significant variations. The study confirmed that the quality of ginger was primarily influenced by its origin and processing method, with the former being the dominant factor. Notably, the sample obtained from Anhui province and subjected to liquid nitrogen pulverization demonstrated the highest content of gingerols.Conclusion: The results obtained from the analysis of SA, HCA, PCA, and DA were consistent and could be employed to evaluate the quality of ginger. As such, the combination of HPLC fingerprints and chemo metric techniques provided a dependable approach for comprehensively assessing the quality and processing of ginger.
Unveiling the nexus of postoperative fever and delirium in cardiac surgery: identifying predictors for enhanced patient care
Authors: Wang Ya-peng , Shen Bei-bei , Zhu Cui-cui , Li Li , Lu Shan , Wang Dong-jin , Jin Hua , Liu Qi , Wang Zhe-yun , Ge Min 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundPostoperative delirium (POD) is a significant complication observed in cardiac surgery patients, characterized by acute cognitive decline, fluctuating mental status, consciousness impairment, and confusion. Despite its impact, POD often goes undiagnosed. Postoperative fever, a common occurrence after cardiac surgery, has not been comprehensively studied in relation to delirium. This study aims to identify perioperative period factors associated with POD in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, with the potential for implementing preventive interventions.MethodsIn a prospective observational study conducted between February 2023 and April 2023 at the Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, a total of 232 patients who underwent cardiac surgery were enrolled. POD assessment utilized the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), while high fever was defined as a bladder temperature exceeding 39°C. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate analyses, logistic regression, nomogram development, and internal validation.ResultThe overall incidence of postoperative delirium was found to be 12.1%. Multivariate analysis revealed that postoperative lactate levels [odds ratio (OR) = 1.787], maximum temperature (OR = 11.290), and cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR = 1.015) were independent predictors of POD. A predictive nomogram for POD was developed based on these three factors, demonstrating good discrimination and calibration. The prediction model exhibited a C-statistic value of 0.852 (95% CI, 0.763–0.941), demonstrating excellent discriminatory power. Sensitivity and specificity, based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, were 91.2% and 67.9%, respectively.ConclusionThis study underscores the high prevalence of POD in cardiac surgery patients and identifies postoperative lactate levels, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and postoperative fever as independent predictors of delirium. The association between postoperative fever and POD warrants further investigation. These findings have implications for implementing preventive strategies in high-risk patients, aiming to mitigate postoperative complications and improve patient outcomes.
Impact of route of access and stenosis subtype on outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Maier Julian , Lambert Thomas , Senoner Thomas , Dobner Stephan , Hoppe Uta Caroline , Fellner Alexander , Pfeifer Bernhard Erich , Feuchtner Gudrun Maria , Friedrich Guy , Semsroth Severin , Bonaros Nikolaos , Holfeld Johannes , Müller Silvana , Reinthaler Markus , Steinwender Clemens , Barbieri Fabian 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionPrevious analyses have reported the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for patients with low-flow, low-gradient (LFLG) aortic stenosis (AS), without stratifying according to the route of access. Differences in mortality rates among access routes have been established for high-gradient (HG) patients and hypothesized to be even more pronounced in LFLG AS patients. This study aims to compare the outcomes of patients with LFLG or HG AS following transfemoral (TF) or transapical (TA) TAVR.MethodsA total of 910 patients, who underwent either TF or TA TAVR with a median follow-up of 2.22 (IQR: 1.22–4.03) years, were included in this multicenter cohort study. In total, 146 patients (16.04%) suffered from LFLG AS. The patients with HG and LFLG AS were stratified according to the route of access and compared statistically.ResultsThe operative mortality rates of patients with HG and LFLG were found to be comparable following TF access. The operative mortality rate was significantly increased for patients who underwent TA access [odds ratio (OR): 2.91 (1.54–5.48), p = 0.001] and patients with LFLG AS [OR: 2.27 (1.13–4.56), p = 0.02], which could be corroborated in a propensity score-matched subanalysis. The observed increase in the risk of operative mortality demonstrated an additive effect [OR for TA LFLG: 5.45 (2.35–12.62), p &lt; 0.001]. LFLG patients who underwent TA access had significantly higher operative mortality rates (17.78%) compared with TF LFLG (3.96%, p = 0.016) and TA HG patients (6.36%, p = 0.024).ConclusionsHG patients experienced a twofold increase in operative mortality rates following TA compared with TF access, while LFLG patients had a fivefold increase in operative mortality rates. TA TAVR appears suboptimal for patients with LFLG AS. Prospective studies should be conducted to evaluate alternative options in cases where TF is not possible.
Towards an understanding of global brain data governance: ethical positions that underpin global brain data governance discourse
Authors: Ochang Paschal , Eke Damian , Stahl Bernd Carsten 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe study of the brain continues to generate substantial volumes of data, commonly referred to as “big brain data,” which serves various purposes such as the treatment of brain-related diseases, the development of neurotechnological devices, and the training of algorithms. This big brain data, generated in different jurisdictions, is subject to distinct ethical and legal principles, giving rise to various ethical and legal concerns during collaborative efforts. Understanding these ethical and legal principles and concerns is crucial, as it catalyzes the development of a global governance framework, currently lacking in this field. While prior research has advocated for a contextual examination of brain data governance, such studies have been limited. Additionally, numerous challenges, issues, and concerns surround the development of a contextually informed brain data governance framework. Therefore, this study aims to bridge these gaps by exploring the ethical foundations that underlie contextual stakeholder discussions on brain data governance.MethodIn this study we conducted a secondary analysis of interviews with 21 neuroscientists drafted from the International Brain Initiative (IBI), LATBrain Initiative and the Society of Neuroscientists of Africa (SONA) who are involved in various brain projects globally and employing ethical theories. Ethical theories provide the philosophical frameworks and principles that inform the development and implementation of data governance policies and practices.ResultsThe results of the study revealed various contextual ethical positions that underscore the ethical perspectives of neuroscientists engaged in brain data research globally.DiscussionThis research highlights the multitude of challenges and deliberations inherent in the pursuit of a globally informed framework for governing brain data. Furthermore, it sheds light on several critical considerations that require thorough examination in advancing global brain data governance.
Identifying the need to institutionalize digital equity among faculty: the experience of the Kenya Medical Training College
Authors: Gicheru Wagaki , Mwangi Nyawira 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe use of digital tools and applications in health professions education is increasing exponentially, however this has the potential to increase the digital inequities with the resulting effect of vulnerable groups facing an increased risk of digital exclusion. It is therefore important to approach digitalization with contextual determinants of the intended and unintended impact in mind. We present a perspective paper on digital equity, informed by lessons learnt at the Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC).MethodsUsing a case description methodology, we examined routine educational data collected from faculty at KMTC in November 2022. This included quantitative and qualitative data on access, ownership, utilization, confidence and skills to create, share, and exchange knowledge on the institution’s learning management system. We used these factors as the conceptual framework for understanding how faculty adopt digitalization in health professions education.Results306 faculty responded to the survey (response rate 27.8%) of whom 90.8 and 75.2% had personal laptops at home and at work and 75.9% had internet at work. 53.4% (n = 163) knew they had accounts created on the institution’s learning management system (LMS) majority of whom had basic skills and were able to perform skills such as logging in and accessing learning resources. However, a minority had advanced skills needed for teaching and learning in the LMS.ConclusionMedical education institutions in LMICs need to adopt programs to enhance digital literacy and monitoring of access, utilization and self-efficacy across all learner and faculty groups, to ensure that digital technologies reduce rather than exacerbate existing inequities.
Mapping the path towards novel treatment strategies: a bibliometric analysis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis research from 1990 to 2023
Authors: Guo Manping , Li Qingna , Liu Xingfang , Wang Yiming , Yang Qiaoning , Li Rui , Zhao Yang , Li Chenfei , Sheng Song , Ma Hangkun , Li Zhenghong , Gao Rui 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), a common form of thyroid autoimmunity, is strongly associated with deteriorating clinical status and impaired quality of life. The escalating global prevalence, coupled with the complexity of disease mechanisms, necessitates a comprehensive, bibliometric analysis to elucidate the trajectory, hotspots, and future trends in HT research.ObjectiveThis study aims to illuminate the development, hotspots, and future directions in HT research through systematic analysis of publications, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords. Particular emphasis is placed on novel treatment strategies for HT and its complications, highlighting the potential role of genetic profiling and immunomodulatory therapies.MethodsWe retrieved 8,726 relevant documents from the Web of Science Core Collection database spanning from 1 January 1990 to 7 March 2023. Following the selection of document type, 7,624 articles were included for bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software.ResultsThe temporal evolution of HT research is categorized into three distinct phases: exploration (1990-1999), rapid development (1999-2000), and steady growth (2000-present). Notably, the United States, China, Italy, and Japan collectively contributed over half (54.77%) of global publications. Among the top 10 research institutions, four were from Italy (4/10), followed by China (2/10) and the United States (2/10). Recent hotspots, such as the roles of gut microbiota, genetic profiling, and nutritional factors in HT management, the diagnostic dilemmas between HT and Grave’s disease, as well as the challenges in managing HT complicated by papillary thyroid carcinoma and type 1 diabetes mellitus, are discussed.ConclusionAlthough North America and Europe have a considerable academic impact, institutions from emerging countries like China are demonstrating promising potential in HT research. Future studies are anticipated to delve deeper into the differential diagnosis of HT and Grave’s disease, the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and HT pathogenesis, clinical management of HT with papillary thyroid carcinoma or type 1 diabetes, and the beneficial effects of dietary modifications and micronutrients supplementation in HT. Furthermore, the advent of genetic profiling and advanced immunotherapies for managing HT offers promising avenues for future research.