bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Anti‐Fibrotic Strategies for Keloids: Insights From Single‐Cell Multi‐Omics
Authors: Zhao Songyun , Xie Jiaheng , Zhang Qian , Ni Tianyi , Lin Jinde , Gao Weicheng , Zhao Liping , Yi Min , Tu Liying , Zhang Pengpeng , Wu Dan , Tang Qikai , Ma Chenfeng , He Yucang , Li Liqun , Wu Guoping , Yan Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTKeloids are complex pathological skin scars characterised by excessive growth of fibrous tissue and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite various treatment options available, the treatment of keloids remains a major clinical challenge due to high recurrence rates and inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. By collecting three keloid tissues and three normal skin samples and utilising single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we delved into the cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms of keloids. Our study identified multiple fibroblast subpopulations within keloid tissue. Enrichment and cell–cell communication analyses revealed that POSTN‐positive mesenchymal fibroblasts (POSTN+ mesenchymal fibs) are more prevalent in keloids and exhibit higher transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) signalling activity, potentially playing a central role in excessive fibrosis. In contrast, IGFBP2‐positive fibroblasts (IGFBP2+ fibs) are more abundant in normal skin, insensitive to TGF‐β and Periostin signalling, and possess anti‐fibrotic potential, possibly related to limited tissue repair and regenerative capacity. Trajectory analysis inferred the differentiation states and patterns of different fibroblast subpopulations. Additionally, we explored the heterogeneity of endothelial cells, finding an endothelial cell subpopulation (EC10) exhibiting mesenchymal activation characteristics, which may work with specific fibroblasts to promote abnormal angiogenesis and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition processes. Spatial transcriptomics analysis has shown that the proportion of IGFBP2+ fibroblasts relatively increases in acne keloidalis after hormonal treatment, further demonstrating their value as potential therapeutic targets. Ultimately, we separated these two subpopulations using flow cytometry, highlighting their opposing roles in the secretion of the ECM. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of keloids and lay the theoretical foundation for the development of innovative anti‐fibrotic treatment strategies.
Quantifying the Federal Reserve's objectives using a structural vector autoregressive model
Authors: Ou Shengliang , Zhang Donghai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe objective of the Federal Reserve (the Fed), namely, its dovish stance, is often blamed for the so‐called Great Inflation. A popular proxy for the Fed's dovish stance is constructed using the inflation coefficients in estimated Taylor rules. However, for a welfare‐optimizing central bank, the estimated Taylor coefficients are not sufficient for inferring its underlying preference. We quantify the Fed's objective—the targeting rule—relying on a conditional estimator that is free of the classical simultaneity problem. We discover that the Fed's targeting rule remained stable during the pre‐ and post‐Volcker periods—the opposite of what is implied through a Taylor rule estimation.
Evaluating an Early‐Stage Psychosis Training Program for Interdisciplinary Mental Health Students and Trainees: A Mixed‐Methods Pilot Study
Authors: DeLuca Joseph S. , Berrett‐Abebe Julie , Pagnotta Michelle , Binger Braden , McClure Margaret M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimIdentifying young people in the early stages of psychosis identification is critical, since a longer duration of untreated psychosis is associated with poorer recovery outcomes. However, many mental health students and trainees do not receive training in this area. The aim of this study was to pilot test the effectiveness of an early‐stage psychosis training program for mental health students and trainees.MethodA pre/post matched sample of interdisciplinary mental health students and trainees (N = 21) attended a 75‐min early‐stage psychosis training program, and completed measures related to stigma, clinical training outcomes, and knowledge.ResultsThere were significant improvements in psychosis‐related stigma, intended clinical behaviour and knowledge. There was also high satisfaction with the training program.ConclusionThis study suggests that a brief early‐stage psychosis training program is acceptable to students and trainees and feasible to implement and may yield significant benefits regarding students and trainees' personal psychosis stigma, as well as improvements in clinical behaviour and psychosis knowledge.
Can Climate‐Induced Changes in Freshwater Game Fish Abundance Be Inferred From Digital Catch Log Data?
Authors: McDonald Zachary , Weir Jessica , Berland Adam , Skov Christian , Hyder Kieran , Venturelli Paul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe growing popularity of digital catch logs may present a low‐cost opportunity to monitor climate change effects on the distribution and relative abundance of game fishes over large spatial scales. We analyzed data from a popular fishing app to identify spatiotemporal trends in freshwater game fish catches throughout the contiguous the United States during 2015–2021. Warm‐water species became more common than cool‐water species in many locations. Increases in relative abundance tended to occur in northern range boundaries or non‐native ranges, and declines tended to occur at southern range boundaries. Although catch log data can be biased and results may reflect alternative phenomena operating or interacting at similarly large spatial scales (e.g., cultural eutrophication, changes in game fish popularity), climate change remains a viable explanation. Future research should further explore app data as a potential tool for monitoring game fish responses to climate change and other stressors over longer time frames and at multiple spatial scales.
Planted Forests in China Have Higher Drought Risk Than Natural Forests
Authors: Ma Longlong , Ma Jun , Yan Pu , Tian Feng , Peñuelas Josep , Rao Mukund Palat , Fu Yongshuo , Hu Zhenhong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo improve the environment and mitigate climate change, China has implemented ambitious projects for natural forest protection and expanded planted forests. However, increased climate variability has led to more frequent and severe droughts, exacerbating the decline of these forests. The drought risk of planted forests is rarely assessed by considering both resistance and resilience, and comparative analyses between natural and planted forests are lacking. Here, we compared drought resistance and resilience in natural and planted forests across China using satellite observations from 2001 to 2020 to understand which forests were at higher risk of drought. The results showed that planted forests exhibited lower drought resistance and resilience compared to natural forests, particularly in subtropical broad‐leaved evergreen forests and warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forests. Moreover, drought resistance in planted forests significantly increased, while resilience decreased during 2011–2020 compared to 2001–2010, suggesting a shift in the strategies of planted forests to cope with drought stress. The higher drought risk in planted forests compared to natural forests was mainly attributed to lower forest canopy height and poorer soil nutrients, which limited resistance, and lower canopy height and severe drought characteristics (severity, duration, and frequency), which reduced resilience. These results underscore the higher potential risk of drought exposure in planted forests. To mitigate future drought impacts on planted forests under climate change, enhanced management strategies, including the preservation of natural forests and augmentation of structural diversity in planted forests, are imperative.
Dyspareunia and pelvic pain in women with chronic migraine: A retrospective, observational analysis
Authors: Smirnoff Liza , Moskatel Leon S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDyspareunia and pelvic pain are commonly comorbid conditions with migraine, with chronic migraine potentially contributing to the exacerbation of sexual dysfunction and pain.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of female patients seen at the Stanford Headache Clinic between January 1, 2022, and March 24, 2024, for the management of chronic migraine for dyspareunia and pelvic pain and stratified for comorbidities related to both conditions.ResultsPatients with chronic migraine were overall found to be at higher likelihood of having a comorbid pelvic pain condition after adjusting for age, race–ethnicity, and marital status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17–2.79, p < 0.001), with interstitial cystitis (aOR 3.04; 95% CI: 1.98–4.66, p < 0.001), vaginismus (aOR 2.51; 95% CI: 1.29–4.88, p = 0.007), dyspareunia (aOR 1.97; 95% CI: 1.57–2.49, p < 0.001), and vulvodynia (aOR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04–3.40, p = 0.036) all increased in the chronic migraine population. Furthermore, conditions that are commonly comorbid with migraine, such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, and mood disorders, independently contributed to increased risk of pelvic pain conditions and dyspareunia.ConclusionsConditions that cause pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction in women are disproportionally common in women with chronic migraine and may contribute to disability and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Early screening for disorders of pelvic pain in patients with chronic migraine and appropriate referrals can improve the quality of life of these patients.
All Together and Separately: Learning to Learn in the Studio
Authors: Koç Pınar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to develop learning to learn and self‐learning in the architectural design studio. The study considers that one of the ways in which the architectural design studio can be resistant to environmental conditions is to be aware of and manage the way the architecture student learns. The main theme of the methodological approach is learning how to learn, and its experients are first‐year architecture students. The method consists of design research and a questionnaire. Design research is configured as a two‐stage pedagogical approach: The first phase consists of an abstraction practice and results in a physical model. The second stage includes a single‐function small‐scale design task and imposes the use of design knowledge obtained from the physical model in the first stage as a mandatory condition. The study concluded in three basic positions: The first is that the first‐grade architecture student establishes the relationality of comprehending–understanding–making sense of self‐learning and learning mode. Second, the student has become a direct active learner, and finally, a way of making use of the built environment as an educational object has been discovered. Broadly, the study has enabled the students to become aware of self‐learning. Improving such a learning culture in architectural education can provide a way to prepare for an uncertain future.
An Outbreak of Cryptocaryon irritans in Aquarium Quarantine—New Variations of an Old Theme
Authors: Denk Daniela , Boylan Shane , Just Frank T. , Sommer Matteo , Clarke Elsburgh O. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of Cryptocaryon irritans (Ci) occurred during the quarantine of marine teleost fish at a large aquarium facility, leading to 457 mortalities across 16 species. This study investigates the outbreak through a retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological findings, emphasising the role of detailed pathology in outbreak characterisation. Lesion diversity, host‐specific susceptibility and mortality rates were examined alongside molecular diagnostics to confirm Ci presence. Key findings include significant differences in susceptibility and pathological presentations among fish families, with Chaetodontidae and Acanthuridae exhibiting severe gill and skin pathology, whereas Labridae and Scaridae showed enhanced parasite clearance associated with mucus production. A variety of treatment modalities were used, including formalin bath, Leteux–Meyer mixture and chloroquine, with variable treatment responses and species‐specific drug sensitivities. Molecular analysis confirmed Ci with high sequence identity to isolates from the Red Sea and East Asia but highlighted primer limitations for frozen samples. This study outlines the challenges of managing a Ci outbreak in quarantine under unprecedented environmental conditions, underscores the importance of species‐specific management strategies and provides detailed insights into host–pathogen interactions and treatment responses.
Transcript and Lipid Profile Alterations in Astrocyte‐Neuron Mitochondrial Transfer Under Lipopolysaccharide Exposure: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kan Yufei , Wang Hong , Lin Huaying , Li Yongfa , Pei Shuaijie , Cui Yan , Xie Keliang , Chen Hongguang , Yu Yonghao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a brain dysfunction for which no effective therapy currently exists. Recent studies suggest that transferring mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons may benefit SAE patients, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We cultured astrocytes and neurons from mice in vitro. Astrocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h, and the astrocyte‐conditioned medium (ACM) was collected. Neuronal cultures were then treated with ACM or mitochondria‐depleted ACM (mdACM) for further analysis. Mitochondrial transfer was examined under a fluorescence microscope. Western blotting analyzed the protein expression of genes related to apoptosis and mitochondrial metabolism. RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry were employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial transfer. Astrocyte‐derived mitochondria migrated toward and connected with LPS‐exposed neurons. The addition of ACM significantly attenuated LPS‐induced alterations in the proteins linked to apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics. RNA sequencing revealed notable alterations in the transcript profile of neurons upon ACM treatment, highlighting the involvement of mitochondria metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis‐related factors. Additionally, mitochondrial transfer modified the lipid composition of neurons, increasing phosphatidylserine levels, which correlated with neuroinflammation and enriched pathways related to cytokine and MAPK signaling. Our findings suggest that astrocyte‐neuron mitochondrial transfer holds therapeutic potential for alleviating SAE, possibly through the anti‐inflammatory effects of lipids, particularly phosphatidylserine.image
A Natural Experiment in Education Reform: The Case of Upper‐Secondary Curriculum Compression
Authors: Ásgeirsdóttir Tinna Laufey , Gylfason Gisli , Zoega Gylfi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe use a change in Iceland's education system as a natural experiment to measure the effect of years spent in upper‐secondary school on subsequent first‐year outcomes at university. The duration of Iceland's upper‐secondary education was shortened by 1 year through compression of the curriculum. We find that shorter upper‐secondary education, 3 years instead of the previous four, leads to first‐year university students completing fewer credits, getting a lower average grade in completed courses, and being more likely to drop out. We find that this negative effect of the reform disproportionately affected the academic performance of male students and those who previously demonstrated weaker academic abilities, thus increasing academic disparities.
Footprints of Human Migration in the Population Structure of Wild Baker's Yeast
Authors: Peña Jacqueline J. , Scopel Eduardo F. C. , Ward Audrey K. , Bensasson Douda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHumans have a long history of fermenting food and beverages that led to domestication of the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite their tight companionship with humans, yeast species that are domesticated or pathogenic can also live on trees. Here we used over 300 genomes of S. cerevisiae from oaks and other trees to determine whether tree‐associated populations are genetically distinct from domesticated lineages and estimate the timing of forest lineage divergence. We found populations on trees are highly structured within Europe, Japan, and North America. Approximate estimates of when forest lineages diverged out of Asia and into North America and Europe coincide with the end of the last ice age, the spread of agriculture, and the onset of fermentation by humans. It appears that migration from human‐associated environments to trees is ongoing. Indeed, patterns of ancestry in the genomes of three recent migrants from the trees of North America to Europe could be explained by the human response to the Great French Wine Blight. Our results suggest that human‐assisted migration affects forest populations, albeit rarely. Such migration events may even have shaped the global distribution of S. cerevisiae. Given the potential for lasting impacts due to yeast migration between human and natural environments, it seems important to understand the evolution of human commensals and pathogens in wild niches.
Worker Survival and Egg Production—But Not Transcriptional Activity—Respond to Queen Number in the Highly Polygynous, Invasive Ant Tapinoma magnum
Authors: Lenhart Anna , Majoe Megha , Selvi Sibel , Colgan Thomas J. , Libbrecht Romain , Foitzik Susanne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn social animals, reproductive activity and ageing are influenced by group composition. In monogynous (single‐queen) insect societies, queen presence affects worker fecundity and longevity, but less is known about worker responses to queen number variation in polygynous (multi‐queen) species or how queens age in these systems. We created queenless, one‐queen and two‐queen colonies of the invasive, polygynous ant Tapinoma magnum to examine the effect of queen number on worker survival, ovary and oocyte development, oxidative stress resistance and fat body gene expression. We also compared the fecundity and brain and fat body transcriptomes between young and old queens. Queenless workers experienced the highest mortality, contrasting with monogynous species, where queen removal typically extends lifespan. Workers lived longer and had more developing oocytes in their ovaries in single‐queen than in two‐queen colonies. Queen number did not directly affect oxidative stress resistance or fat body gene expression, though its effect on the latter differed between inside and outside workers. Furthermore, inside—likely younger—workers produced more oocytes, showed higher oxidative stress resistance and upregulated antioxidant genes compared to outside—likely older—workers. Minimal shifts in fecundity and gene expression of differently aged queens indicated their physiological stability. Our research highlights distinct caste‐ and tissue‐specific responses to varying queen numbers in workers of a highly polygynous species.
Major shifts in embryo size occurred early in the evolutionary history of angiosperms
Authors: Vandelook Filip , Carta Angelino 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seeds are the main dispersal and propagation units of angiosperms. Examining the relative allocation of seed reserves by quantifying the relative embryo size (ES) at dispersal (i.e. size of the embryo relative to the seed) across angiosperms, sets the basis to track the evolutionary history of this key reproductive trait related to germination timing and offspring survival.
We used a robust, dated phylogeny and sampling of ES for selected species across most angiosperm families to model the macroevolution of ES. Data on ES were collated from living specimens and primary literature.
Early angiosperms typically had a low ES, which is still reflected in contemporary magnoliids and ANA‐grade species. The analysis of major evolutionary shifts in ES throughout angiosperm phylogeny revealed that these shifts were predominantly associated with the formation of the main angiosperm lineages. The tempo and mode of ES evolution were not constant over angiosperm history, paralleling major paleo‐events.
This study provides crucial new insights in seed trait evolution, which contribute to understanding the diversification of reproductive strategies in angiosperms.
Select Demographic Data, Disaster‐Related Experience, and Disaster Attitudes as Predictors of Disaster Preparedness Among Student Nurses: A Descriptive Correlational Study
Authors: Tuquero Bernabe Noel G. , Tan Raymond Nicolas G. , Tango Guerlaine Janina G. , Tinasa Kiara Riel C. , De Leon Torres Alessandra Isobelle , Torres Andrea Sarah E. , Torres Ma. Angela Mae S. , Trinidad Carmichael Ethan V. , Pan Warren Kemuel M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the critical need to enhance disaster preparedness among nurses and nursing students due to concerns over their current levels of competency in disaster management.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics, disaster‐related experience, and attitudes toward disasters on the disaster preparedness of nursing students.DesignA descriptive correlational design was employed to examine the relationships between selected variables and disaster preparedness.MethodsA total of 235 nursing students participated in the study, selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using Google Forms, incorporating demographic questions and three validated scales: Adapted Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET), Adapted Measurement of the Severity of Disaster Experience, and Adapted Attitudes toward Disaster Management Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using SPSS Version 23.0.ResultsThe findings revealed statistically insignificant correlations between disaster preparedness and several demographic variables, namely: year level (r = –0.069, p = 0.292), monthly household income (r = 0.004, p = 0.957), and type of housing (r = 0.106, p = 0.104), and NSTP component taken (r = –0.015, p = 0.822). Additionally, disaster attitude (r = 0.091, p = 0.163) was not significantly associated with disaster preparedness among nursing students. However, disaster experience showed a significant relationship with disaster preparedness (r = 0.979, p = 0.001). This finding highlights the critical role of firsthand disaster exposure in shaping students’ readiness to respond effectively to emergencies which suggests that experiential learning opportunities, such as disaster simulations or active participation in disaster response efforts, may be more effective in enhancing preparedness than demographic factors or classroom‐based training alone.ConclusionThe authors concluded that demographic factors and attitudes towards disasters were not significantly associated with disaster preparedness among nursing students. However, the findings revealed a positive relationship between previous disaster experiences and disaster preparedness of the participants, suggesting that firsthand exposure to disasters enhances preparedness. Future research should explore additional factors through qualitative and longitudinal approaches. Targeted educational interventions are recommended to address specific gaps identified in this study.