bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Victoria Trial: A School‐Based Health Education Program to Reduce the Risk of Obesity Among a High‐Risk Population
Authors: Mejia Maximino Alfredo , Coria‐Navia Anneris , Uriegas‐Mejia Griselda , Brown‐Fraser Sherine C , Uriegas Sergio E , de Jesus Martinez Maria , Sanchez Albert , Acosta Maria Elena , Ramirez Armando E , Reyes Rembrandt E , Hernandez Yadyra C , Camacho Dacia Y , Morrow Gregg , Krivak Gretchen 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundChildhood obesity is a major global public health problem which disproportionately affects Hispanic children in the United States and Mexico. Many school‐based interventions have been tested to address this issue. Amate, Activate, Cuidate, Comparte (AACC) [Love Yourself, Activate Yourself, Take Care of Yourself, and Share] is a new culturally sensitive health education model to prevent child obesity.MethodsIn an attempt to curve the obesity epidemic among school‐aged children in Mexico, the AACC model was pilot tested in two schools that have a high rate of overweight (30%) and obesity (26%) in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Those schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Third and fourth grade children were the focus of this intervention. Children in the experimental school received nutrition education, daily physical activity, and a modified school‐lunch while children in the control group had no intervention. The AACC curriculum is based on psycho‐pedagogical theory, including social cognitive theory and positive psychology. This model was developed and implemented through the collaborative work between Andrews University, and the Secretaría de Salud, and the Secretaría de Educación Pública of the State of Tamaulipas, México. The intervention targeted teachers, children and parents. Changes in anthropometric measurements (such as Body Mass Index (BMI) were assessed pre‐post intervention. We targeted 10 behaviors to reduce calorie density in the diet and one hour of daily physical activity to enhance energy expenditure.ResultsThe upward trend of BMI was reversed among children with overweight/obese in the experimental group while the upward trend of the BMI in the control group continued to increase. These changes are not statistically significant after four months.ConclusionThis preliminary data suggests that the AACC model could be effective in preventing obesity among school‐aged children in the Hispanic Population. This model needs further testing in more schools for longer time.Support or Funding InformationSecretaria de Salud Tamaulipas, Secretaria de Educacion Tamaulipas, Office of Research and Creative Scholarship, Andrews University
Effects of a 12‐week Telenutrition Weight Loss Intervention on Diet Quality in Men
Authors: Kapostasy Alexis , Drazba Margaret , Shotwell Matthew , Marra Melissa Ventura 
Published: November 2023

Poor diet and obesity are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This study used a randomized controlled trial design to pilot test the effect of a 12‐week home‐delivered telenutrition weight loss program on diet quality in 40–70 year old men with obesity, waist circumference >40 inches and at least one chronic health condition. Both the control (n=29) and the intervention group (n=27) received diet‐related educational materials. Only the intervention group received individualized, weekly support by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) via telephone and videoconferencing. Diet was assessed using 4‐day food records and Nutrition Data Systems for Research (NDSR) software at weeks 0, 6, and 12. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐2010). Diet quality significantly increased 9.5 points in both groups (95% CI: 3.7, 15.2) at week 6. The telenutrition group scores further increased by 9.3 points (95% CI 1.0, 17.6). No additional increase occurred at week 12 (control p‐value: 0.22; telenutrition p‐value: 0.55). A 10‐point improvement in diet quality was, on average, associated with a 0.7% reduction in body weight (95% CI: 0.4, 1.0; p‐value < 0.001). Weight loss programs delivered via videoconferencing can be effective for improving diet quality in men in health disparate areas like Appalachia.Support or Funding InformationWest Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute's Health Outcomes and Policy Evaluation (HOPE) Funding Opportunity with funds made available from the Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation.
The Cross‐Sectional Association between Eating Frequency and Body Composition among Adults in South China
Authors: Chen Yuan‐yuan , Xue Hong‐mei , Yin Jun , Cheng Guo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo explore whether eating frequency (EF) was associated with body composition in Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 1017 adults (53.8% men) aged 25–65 years were included from an on‐going prospective cohort study carried out in Southwest China since 2013. Dietary data were collected by validated 24‐h dietary recalls. EF was calculated with two different methods based on the energy intake (EI) and the eating time interval: all eating occasions providing at least 50 kcal (or 210 kJ) with a minimum time interval between occasion at least 15 min or 30 min. Each EF was divided into meal frequency (MF) and snack frequency (SF). Body height and weight were measured to calculate percentage of body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association between EF and body composition parameters.ResultsEF and SF were positively associated with %BF, FMI (p<0.01) and negatively related to FFMI (p<0.01) after adjustment for age, occupation, personal monthly income, smoking status, alcohol, physical activity, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and carbohydrate intake. However, MF was not associated with %BF, FMI or FFMI.ConclusionOur results indicate that higher EF and SF were associated with higher body fatness and lower fat‐free body mass in Chinese adults.Support or Funding InformationFunding source: All phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.81472976).
Dietary effects on A2AR expression in liver and adipose tissues: A role for A2AR in protecting against inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity
Authors: Pei Ya , Cai Yuli , Li Honggui , Woo Shih‐Lung , Liu Mengyang , Huo Yuqing , Wu Chaodong 
Published: November 2023

Obesity causes a wide variety of metabolic diseases including fatty liver disease and diabetes. Mechanistically, obesity‐associated inflammation has been implicated as a key factor in the development of fat deposition, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysregulation. However, the regulation of inflammation in obesity remains to be explored. As a member of the G‐protein coupled receptor families, adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) is ant‐inflammatory. However, little is known about nutritional regulation of A2AR as it relates to insulin resistance. In the present study, the expression of A2AR in liver and adipose tissue was examined in wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice upon feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a control low‐fat diet (LFD). Also, both A2AR ‐deficient mice and WT C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or LFD for 12 weeks to examine the involvement of A2AR in diet‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Lastly, the effects of major macronutrients, i.e., glucose and palmitate, on the inflammatory responses were examined in both WT and A2AR‐deficient macrophages. Compared with LFD‐fed WT mice, HFD‐fed WT mice displayed obesity and obesity‐related inflammation in liver and adipose tissue and systemic insulin resistance. Interestingly, the levels of A2AR in both the liver and adipose tissue of HFD‐fed WT mice were increased significantly compared with LFD‐fed mice. When comparing with HFD‐fed WT mice, HFD‐fed A2AR‐deficient mice displayed an significant increase in the severity of inflammation and insulin resistance. In cultured cells, the proinflammatory responses were much enhanced in A2AR‐deficient macrophage in relative to WT cells regardless of palmitate treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that HFD feeding induces the expression of A2AR, which in turn exerts a defensive role in protecting against inflammation and insulin resistance.Support or Funding InformationThis study was support in part by NIH grants. Also, Dr. Wu is supported by an NIFA program.
Diet and MicroRNA Expression: A Systematic Review
Authors: McNaughton Sarah A , Danaher Jessica , Russell Aaron P 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundMicroRNAs are small, non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Epidemiological studies have identified association between circulating miRNAs and specific health outcomes such as cognitive function, muscle development, and cardiovascular disease. While some evidence exists to suggest that diet may modulate circulating miRNA profiles, few human studies have investigated the relationship between diet and circulating miRNA expression.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated the influence of diet on miRNA expression levels in various human tissues and body fluids. MEDLINE complete, Academic Search Complete, Health Source (Academia Edition), EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched for eligible articles published in English from January 1993 to October 2016.ResultsOf 3375 articles identified through database searching, 50 full‐text articles assessed for eligibility, resulting in 19 studies for inclusion. There were numerous differences in the type and duration of dietary exposures studied, the biologic source of miRNAs, and the methodologies used to quantitate miRNAs. Fourteen articles reported on miRNA responses to chronic dietary exposure (one of which was in conjunction with exercise), and five articles reported on miRNA responses to acute dietary exposures (one of which was in conjunction with exercise). Studies examined circulating miRNAs in plasma (n=5), serum (n=1), whole blood (n=2), PBMCs (n=4) and HDL (n=2). A total of 90 different circulating miRNAs were assessed with only 15 circulating miRNAs examined in two or more studies. In addition, miRNAs were examined in skeletal muscle (n=2), gastrointestinal tissues (n=2) and faeces (n=1).ConclusionsThis review is the first to examine dietary exposures and miRNA expression focusing on human studies. Data from several studies support an association between miRNAs and dietary exposure, however currently there is significant heterogeneity in the dietary exposures and miRNAs examined, and in the methodological approaches used. While the detection and stability of circulating miRNAs circulation has highlighted their potential role as biomarkers for health and disease, their nutritional regulation and consequent effect on nutrition‐related health outcomes is still in its infancy.Support or Funding InformationSAM is supported by an National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Fellowship, ID1104636.
Synthetic Lethality of K‐Ras Mutant Human Colorectal Cancer Cells by Phytochemical Curcumin and FDA‐Approved Targeted Drug Regorafenib
Authors: Su Chun‐Li , Wu Chi‐Shiuan 
Published: November 2023

Synthetic lethality refers to the interaction between two co‐essential genes such that inhibiting the function of either gene separately results in cell survival, but inhibiting the function of both genes results in cell death. Targeting synthetic lethal interactions may spare normal cells while selectively killing cancer cells. Curcumin, a major yellow pigment and spice in turmeric and curry, has been demonstrated to have anticarcinogenic effect in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical trials. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the forth cause of cancer death worldwide. Mutation of K‐Ras, a Ras superfamily of protein which regulates cell proliferation and survival, has been shown in 35–45% of CRC. Regorafenib is an oral inhibitor that targets multi‐kinase activity (eg. Raf) which involves in tumor angiogenesis, oncogenesis, and tumor microenvironment. Recently, Regorafenib has been approved by the US FDA to treat patients with CRC despite the genotype of K‐Ras after failure of using standard therapies. However, administration of Regorafenib only improved overall survival by nearly 1.4 months in patients with treatment‐refractory metastatic CRC. Here we reveal that curcumin significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of human CRC HCT 116 cells (K‐Ras mutant) to Regorafenib to a greater extent than that of human CRC HT‐29 cells (K‐Ras wild‐type), producing an additivity or synergy effect on HCT 116 cells and causing an antagonism effect on HT‐29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis displayed that the addition of curcumin elevated the percentages of HCT 116 cells at the sub‐G1 phase, representing induction of apoptosis, as well as greatly increased the cells with acidic vesicular organelles, representing the formation of autolysosomes at the later stage of autophagic flux. Expression of cleaved caspase 3 (at the later stage of apoptosis) and LC3‐II (at the early stage of autophagic process) using Western blot analysis confirmed the induction of apoptosis and autophagy of the HCT 116 cells. No induction of apoptosis or autophagy was observed on HT‐29 cells in response to curcumin, Regorafenib, or combination of these two compounds. It is noteworthy that addition of MEK specific inhibitor (U0126) not only induced apoptosis on Regorafenib‐treated HT‐29 cells, but also behaved like curcumin to enhance Regorafenib‐induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and autophagy on HCT 116 cells. Our data suggest that the addition of curcumin may target one more gene other than mutant K‐Ras and enhanced Regorafenib‐induced cytotoxicity (synthetic lethality) on CRC HCT 116 cells, indicating a possible role of curcumin on Regorafenib‐treated K‐Ras mutant CRC.Support or Funding Information(Supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, No. MOST 104‐2320‐B‐003‐007 and National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, No. 105T0700).
Dietary delta‐tocotrienol favors abundance and diversity of beneficial microbiomes in obese male mice
Authors: Shen ChwanLi , Kottapalli Rao , Tomison Michael D , Koboziev Iurii , Web Cynthia Reinoso , Ramalingam Latha , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima , Kaur Gurvinder , Dufour Jannette , Chung Eunhee , Mo Huanbiao , Grisham Matthew Reinoso 
Published: November 2023

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders are a world‐wide health problem. Recent reports postulated that distinct gut microbiota alterations were observed in obese/diabetic subjects. Modulating gut microbiota through bioactive compounds could be a potential therapeutic option. Our previous study has demonstrated that tocotrienols (TT) exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to further characterize TT‐driven shifts in the cecal microbiome in obese mice with insulin resistance. Twenty male C57BL/6J mice (6‐week‐old) were divided into 2 groups: high‐fat diet (HFD, 60% energy from fat) and HFD+800 mg TT/kg diet (TT800) for 14 weeks. TT is a mixture of 90% delta‐TT and 10% gamma‐TT. To determine the effects of TT on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were performed. For microbiome determination, cecal content was collected, DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA gene metagenome was sequenced. Compared to the HFD group, TT supplementation improved glucose homeostasis as measured by both glucose tolerance test (369.3±22.6 and 243.6±38.9 mg/dL for HFD and TT800, respectively) and insulin tolerance test (relative to time zero: 53.1% and 44.4% for HFD and TT800, respectively). Relative to the HFD diet, dietary TT supplementation increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in mouse cecum. The number of bacteria which belong to Clostridiales order, especially the Oscillospira genus (Firmicutes phylum) was decreased by 2 fold, whereas the number of S24–7 family members (Bacteroidetes phylum) was significantly increased. Representation of the Akkermansia genus (mucolytic bacteria of Verrucomicrobia phylum) was also increased significantly in the cecal feces of animals supplemented with TT. This study demonstrates that the beneficial effect of TT on glucose homeostasis may be mediated in part through increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiome in obese male mice with insulin resistance.Support or Funding InformationAmerican River Nutrition, Inc., Hadley, MA
Protective effect of anthocyanin on alcohol‐induced liver fibrosis is due to the regulation on AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway and energy status
Authors: Yang Lili , Wan Ting , Wang Sufan , Ye Mingtong , Pei Lei , Jiang Rui , Qiu Yun 
Published: November 2023

Liver fibrosis is an advanced stage of liver damage by alcohol. We hypothesize that anthocyanin can protect alcohol induced liver fibrosis. We fed mice with high fat diet with ehanol in dringking water to induce liver fibrosis. Anthocyanin was supplied by gavage every day. We found that 12 wks feeding of high fat diet and alcohol induced lipid accumulation and increased expression of collagen α, α‐SMA, TGF‐β, and TIMP‐1 and −2, while anthocyanin supplement inhibited the increase of these parameters. In addition, we found that high fat and ethanol feeding induced increase of liver oxidative stress, increased activation of AMPK pathway, and increased autophagy, while anthocyanin supplement inhibited these effects in liver. Moreover, we found that supplement of anthocyanin reversed energy deficiency induced by high fat and ethanol feeding, including the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+, and NMN in the liver. In conclusion, the protective effect of anthocyanin on ethanol induced liver fibrosis is due to the regulation on AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway, which finally regulates the energy supply in the liver.Support or Funding InformationNational Natural Science Funding (81370528, 81573142)(Yang, L), Provincial Natural Science Funding of Guangdong (2015A030313078) (Yang, L.)
Flavonol Kaempferol Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Suppressing Hepatic Glucose Production and Enhancing Insulin sensitivity in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Moore William , Alkhalidy Hana , Zhou Kequan , Liu Dongmin 
Published: November 2023

In type 2 diabetes, the increase in the activity of the key enzymes that control glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver causes an increase in hepatic glucose production, which is the main contributor to the development of fasting hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the anti‐diabetic potential of flavonol kaempferol. Oral administration of kaempferol (50 mg/kg) significantly improved fasting blood glucose levels, glucose intolerance, and insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obese insulin resistant mice. These beneficial effects were associated with improved pyruvate tolerance and reduced hepatic glucose production. Consistently, kaempferol treatment increased Akt and hexokinase activity but decreased pyruvate carboxylase activity in the liver of obese mice. Kaempferol also enhanced whole body insulin sensitivity without altering body weight gain, food consumption, or adiposity of obese mice. These kaempferol actions were also demonstrated in STZ‐induced insulin‐deficient diabetic mice. In vitro, kaempferol increases glucose uptake of primary human skeletal muscle cells while reducing gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that kaempferol may be a naturally occurring anti‐diabetic compound by improving insulin sensitivity and suppressing glucose production.Support or Funding InformationThe work was supported by grants from NCCIH of NIH (1R01AT007077, 1R01AT007566).
Usual Intakes of Flavonoids: Estimates from What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007–2010
Authors: Sebastian Rhonda S , Goldman Joseph D , Enns Cecilia Wilkinson , Moshfegh Alanna J 
Published: November 2023

Usual intakes are estimates of the long‐term average daily consumption of foods, food components, or nutrients. Despite a vast number of studies suggesting favorable effects of dietary flavonoids on human health, usual intakes of flavonoids have never before (to our knowledge) been determined. Recent release of a comprehensive database of the flavonoid content of foods has made possible the calculation of usual flavonoid intakes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain and describe distributions of usual intakes of flavonoids (total and 6 classes) in the U.S. population. Intake data collected in What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007–2010 from 17,892 individuals were analyzed. Day 1 and day 2 flavonoid intakes were estimated using Flavonoid Values for USDA Survey Foods and Beverages 2007–2010. For anthocyanidins, flavan‐3‐ols, flavanones, flavones, and isoflavones, the two‐part National Cancer Institute approach for estimating the probability of consumption on a day and the amount consumed (which assumes a correlation between the two) was used. For total flavonoids and flavonols, it was assumed that at least a minimal amount is consumed every day by everyone (i.e., probability of consumption = 1). For individuals age ≥1 year, median usual intake of total flavonoids was 117.18 mg/day. Estimates at the 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentiles were 17.01 mg, 55.37 mg, 236.09 mg, and 595.26 mg, respectively, indicating a positively skewed distribution. Due to high concentrations of flavonoids in certain foods, positively skewed distributions were also observed for all flavonoid classes. In descending order by weight, usual median intake of flavan‐3‐ols was 57.76 mg; flavonols, 14.38 mg; flavanones, 7.02 mg; anthocyanidins, 6.70 mg; flavones, 0.62 mg; and isoflavones, 0.17 mg. On an average day in 2007–2010, the likelihood of consuming the episodically consumed flavonoid classes (i.e., anthocyanidins, flavan‐3‐ols, flavanones, flavones, and isoflavones) ranged from 94% for flavan‐3‐ols to 39% for isoflavones. Tables describing usual intakes of flavonoids (total, class, and 29 individual flavonoids) by selected sociodemographic variables will become available in 2017 on the Food Surveys Research Group web site (www.usda.gov/nea/bhnrc/fsrg). This novel information will add to the body of knowledge concerning flavonoid intake and thus facilitate the eventual establishment of recommendations regarding safe and adequate dietary intakes of these beneficial compounds.Support or Funding InformationARS, USDA