bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma in situ of the testis in infertile men. A histological, immunocytochemical, and cytophotometric study of DNA content
Authors: Nistal M. , Codesal J. , Paniagua R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOf 723 infertile men (128 with a history of cryptorchidism) whose testes were biopsied at the outer lateral face of the testis, five presented carcinoma in situ (CIS) in one testis. These testes were removed, serially sectioned, and examined by light microscopy. In order to evaluate whether only one or two biopsies are sufficient to diagnose CIS, before sectioning the testes four biopsies were taken at the anterior face, posterior face, superior pole, and inferior pole of the testis, respectively. Two of the five men had undergone orchiopexy in infancy and the testis contained tubules with Sertoli cells and isolated spermatogonia. CIS was also present in some tubules that were principally located near the rete testis. Of the four simulated biopsies, only that performed at the posterior face of the testis revealed CIS. The other three infertile men showed tubules with complete, although reduced, spermatogenesis, and tubules lined by Sertoli cells only. CIS was found in both types of tubules. These tubules with CIS formed lobules that extended throughout the testicular parenchyma. Most simulated biopsies performed in these three testes showed CIS. The average nuclear DNA content of CIS cells was about 4c in all testes. This content was similar both in tubules with complete spermatogenesis and in tubules with Sertoli cells only.
Cellular and humoral immune responses in Campylobacter pylori‐associated chronic gastritis
Authors: Kazi Javed Iqbal , Sinniah Raja , Jaffrey N. A. , Alam S. M. , Zaman V. , Zuberi S. J. , Kazi A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGastric cellular and humoral immune responses investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of 53 antral biopsies showed significant differences in Campylobacter pylori‐associated gastritis as compared with non‐bacterial chronic gastritis and normal controls. IgA, secretory component, and complement C3 coated bacilli were seen in all cases of active chronic gastritis. C3 was always associated with coating by IgA, IgM, or both, which were rarely seen in gastritis without polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration. Intraepithelial mononuclear cellular infiltration was seen in 18 of 26 cases of C. pylori‐associated chronic gastritis. The intraepithelial mononuclear cells stained positively for T cells and histiocytes.
The distribution of pregnancy‐associated prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor in the human placenta
Authors: Mortimer Gabriel , Mackay Malcolm M. , Stimson William H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of pregnancy‐associated prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (PAPSI) has been studied in 181 human placentae and early products of conception using a peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistological method. PAPSI was detected in amniotic epithelium throughout all stages of gestation. Extravillous trophoblast was PAPSI‐positive throughout gestation. Villous trophoblast was PAPSI‐positive in the first 12 weeks of gestation, when PAPSI was localized to syncytiotrophoblast but not to cytotrophoblast. Villous syncytio‐and cytotrophoblast were both PAPSI‐negative from 12 weeks to term. Fetal and maternal polymorphs contained PAPSI at all stages of gestation, as did villous Hofbauer cells. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to putative functions of PAPSI, particularly the maintenance of pregnancy and control of onset of parturition.
Investigation of the relationship between gastric antral inflammation and campylobacter pylori using graphic tablet planimetry
Authors: Collins J. S. A. , Sloan J. M. , Hamilton P. W. , Watt P. C. H. , Love A. H. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGastric antral endoscopic pinch biopsies from a group of dyspeptic patients were analysed for acute and chronic inflammatory cell numbers in the lamina propria and surface epithelial layer using computer‐linked graphic tablet planimetry, and independently graded for Campylobacter pylori (CP) infection using a visual scoring system with grade 1 assessed as patchy epithelial infection and grade 2 as a continuous layer of organisms on the mucosal surface extending into gastric pits. The study group consisted of 36 patients (18 duodenitis; 18 non‐ulcer dyspepsia). Within the 140 biopsies analysed, grade 1 and 2 biopsies had significantly higher acute and chronic inflammatory cell counts than CP‐negative biopsies (grade 0) in lamina and surface epithelium (P< 0·001). Acute inflammatory cell counts were significantly higher in the surface epithelium in grade 1 (P<0·05) and grade 2 biopsies (P<0·001) but chronic inflammatory cells were only higher in grade 1 (P<0·01). No significant differences were present between grade 1 and grade 2 biopsies for any parameter. This study confirms that highly significant quantitative differences in the inflammatory status are related to the presence of CP.
Histological analysis and the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Ridley Dennis S. , De Magalhaes Albino V. , Marsden Philip D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of over 400 well‐documented biopsies of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was evaluated to elucidate the histological processes associated with the elimination of parasites, and their correlation with the course of the disease. Non‐specific inflammation was the most frequent and least effective response; its onset might be delayed, and in this event particularly the incidence of metastasis from skin to mucosa was high. Lysis of parasite‐laden macrophages appeared to be the basic mechanism of parasite reduction, even when it was not overt. When it was acute the onset was usually rapid, and though it resulted in much tissue destruction the prognosis was generally better and mucosal metastasis rare. Lysis and non‐specific inflammation both led to the formation of a post‐necrotic type of granuloma, but reversion of the process was almost as common as progression. Ultimately a tuberculoid granuloma evolved and proceeded to resolution. In about 5 per cent of cases, macrophage activation appeared to bring about early resolution; neither reversion nor mucosal metastasis was seen.
Histological appearances of the long saphenous vein
Authors: Milroy C. M. , Scott D. J. A. , Beard J. D. , Horrocks M. , Bradfield J. W. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe long saphenous vein is frequently used as a graft in both coronary artery and femoro‐distal bypass surgery. The histological changes which are seen after implantation into the arterial system have been well documented in the past, but little attention has been focused on the histological appearances of the donor long saphenous vein prior to grafting. In this study, samples of the long saphenous vein in excess of that required for bypass have been examined.In none of the veins did the histological appearances conform to the described normal. All showed evidence of intimal fibrosis which contained elastic tissue and enmeshed smooth muscle cells. The longitudinal and circular muscle layers showed evidence of muscle cell hypertrophy with increase in intervening connective tissue. Elsewhere, similar histological changes have been attributed to ‘arterialization’. This study shows that many of the changes are present prior to grafting and may be important in graft failure.
Colorectal polyps in an Australian population. A histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Hughes Norman R. , Newland Ronald C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histology and immunohistochemistry of 896 polyps and other focal epithelial abnormalities detected macroscopically in 86 surgical resections from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and benign bowel disorders were studied. The lesions identified included 177 adenomas, 387 hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps, and 202 non‐neoplastic polyps designated ‘focal cryptal hyperplasia’. Numbers of both neoplastic and non‐neoplastic polyps were significantly increased in resections for carcinoma, with 72 per cent of all polyps in right and 10 per cent in left hemicolectomy specimens being neoplastic. Thirty per cent of adenomas were less than 2 mm in diameter and 6 per cent larger than 10mm. Observations on polyp size, number, distribution, histological appearance, and antigenic composition suggested that focal cryptal hyperplasia evolves into the hyperplastic polyp. In doing so, there is loss of expression of a tissue specific antigen. Hyperplastic polyps were significantly larger in colons with adenoma than in those without.
The blood–testis barrier in experimental unilateral cryptorchidism
Authors: Stewart R. J. , Boyd Sheelagh , Brown S. , Toner P. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUnilateral cryptorchidism was induced in Wistar rat pups within 48 h of birth. After a period of 150 days, the blood–testis barrier was evaluated in the cryptorchid and contralateral scrotal testis, using a lanthanum immersion technique. The barrier was demonstrated to be competent, with tracer confined to the basal and intermediate compartments.
Factors producing bile infarction and bile duct proliferation in biliary obstruction
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo clarify the factors producing bile infarction and bile duct proliferation in obstructive jaundice, the incidence of the hepatic lesions and the serum levels of the bile constituents were examined in three rat models. (1) Ligation of the common bile duct induced bile infarction, bile duct proliferation, retention of bite in the liver, and elevation of the serum levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids. (2) The rats treated by choledochotomy had bile in the abdominal cavity, but there was no retention of bile in the liver. The degree of development of bile infarction was similar to that of the common bile duct ligation group, but bile duct proliferation was not found: the serum levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids were elevated. (3) In the rats subjected to partial bile duct ligation, bile infarction and bile duct proliferation were seen only in the lobes with ligation of the hepatic ducts: only slight or no elevation of the serum levels of total bilirubin and total bile acids was found. These data suggest that bile infarction is caused by the toxic action of bile constituents other than bilirubin and bile acids, absorbed into the blood from the obstructed biliary system, and that bile duct proliferation is due to mechanical factors following bile retention or direct actions of retained bile in the liver.
Impaired chemotactic responses of bronchoalveolar leukocytes in experimental pneumocniosis
Authors: Donaldson K. , Brown G. M. , Brown D. M. , Slight J. , Robertson M. D. , Davis J. M. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRats were exposed to clouds of the following pneumoconiotic dusts: quartz, coal‐mine dust, and chrysotile asbestos at l0 or 50mg/m3 for 8, 32, and 75 days; for comparison, rats were also exposed to the non‐pathogenic dust titanium dioxide (TiO2). The bronchoalveolar leukocytes (macrophages and neutrophils) from dust‐exposed and control rats were obtained by lavage and tested for their ability to migrate toward zymosan‐activated serum. Varying amounts of neutrophils were present depending on the ability of the dust to cause inflammation and the length of exposure. There was a marked loss of chemotactic ability in leukocytes from rats inhaling the pneumoconiotic dusts compared with controls; TiO2‐exposed leukocytes had some impairment of chemotaxis, but this was substantially less than that found with the pneumoconiotic dusts. The loss of chemotactic activity did not correlate with the percentage of neutrophils in the lavage cells except when there were very high levels of neutrophils, and there was substantial impairment of chemotaxis with negligible numbers of neutrophils, showing that macrophage chemotaxis was impaired. A phagocytic burden within the leucocytes was not sufficient alone to inhibit chemotaxis, nor was the loss of chemotaclic activity due to occupied receptors, since incubation failed lo restore chemotaxis. Loss to chemotactic activity by leukocytes from pneumoconiotic dust‐exposed lung could be an important factor in the development of pneumoconiosis.
The ultrastructure of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy
Authors: Smith Paul , Heath Donald , Yacoub Magdi , Madden Brendan , Caslin Anthony , Gosney John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lungs from 16 cases of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy obtained at heart‐lung transplantation, half of which had primary pulmonary hypertension, were examined by electron microscopy. From these the probable pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial intimal fibrosis in plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy was deduced. The earliest detectable change was migration of smooth muscle cells from the media; through the internal elastic lamina into the intima. These cells collected beneath the endothelium and lost many of their myofilaments to become myofibroblasts. They were associated with ground substance but scanty collagen fibrils. As the quantity of interstitial collagen increased, the myofibroblasts reverted to a muscular structure, became elongated, and assumed a regular, circumferential orientation. This later stage coincided with the development of plexiform lesions. At both early and later stages, the muscular pulmonary arteries were contracted but not markedly so, and muscular evaginations were not seen. On the other hand, the cellular intimal proliferations developed early and were occlusive. This suggests that occlusion of small pulmonary arterial vessels by myofibroblasts may be at least as important as vasoconstriction in the early elevation of the pulmonary vascular resistance in primary pulmonary hypertension.
Congenital ECHO virus infection–morphological and virological study of fetal and placental tissue
Authors: Garcia Aparecida Gomes Pinto , Da Silva Basso Nádia Gomes , Fonseca Maria Evangelina Ferreira , Outani Heloisa Novaes 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA prospective study of 78 pregnant women was undertaken to detect maternal enterovirus infection. Maternal faecal specimens and blood samples, placental and fetal tissue were taken for viral study, electron microscopy, histochemistry, and morphological examination.We present the post‐mortem findings in three fetuses whose maternal infection was detected before delivery by isolation of ECHO virus type 33 and type 27 from faecal specimens and or placental and fetal tissues. The morphological aspects were similar in all cases and included an acute infection of the placenta and hypoxic/hypotensive injury to fetal organs. In one case, viral particles were detected by electron microscopy of the fetal liver.This series of cases of intrauterine ECHO virus infection confirms the potential gravity of such infection during pregnancy and the need to prevent enterovtral disease.
Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating lipocytes in regenerating rat liver
Authors: Tanaka Yujiro , Mak Ki M. , Lieber Charles S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor the detection of proliferating lipocytes in regenerating liver, partially hepatectomized rats were injected intrapcritoneally with 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdUrd, 50 mg/kg body weight) and killed 1 h later. Acetone‐fixed frozen liver sections were used for the simultaneous detection of cytoplasmic desmin and BrdUrd‐labelled nuclei of lipocytes using double immunohistochemical procedures. The best results were obtained with the sequences: rabbit anti‐desmin → biotinylated anti‐rabbit IgG → avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex → 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, followed by DNA denaturation → mouse anti‐BrdUrd → anti‐mouse IgG → peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase complex → 4‐chloro‐l‐naphihol. With this method, cytoplasmic desmin was stained a brown colour, which sharply contrasted with the blue‐stained BrdUrd‐labelled nuclei. Uniabelled nuclei appeared green after counterstaining with methyl green. No cross‐reaction between immunoreagents of desmin and BrdUrd stainings was observed. The labelling index of lipocytes peaked (25.7 percent) 48 h after partial hepatectomy, whereas it was 3.7 per cent in normal rat liver.
Experimental rhabdomyosarcoma with regions like malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)–a true double phenotypic pattern?
Authors: Kosmehl Hartwig , Langbein Lutz , Katenkamp Detlef 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn murine sarcomas induced by 20‐methylcholanthrene, histological features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) as well as rhabdomyosarcoma were found in the same tumour both at light microscopy and at ultrastructural level. The areas showing rhabdomyomatous differentiation expressed vimentin, desmin, muscle‐specific alpha‐actinin, and sometimes myoglobin, but in the MFH areas only vimentin was expressed. A series of allografts in athymic mice, using tumour areas of both histological types, showed in every case a mixed pattern of tumour growth, whether the transplanted tissue was of MFH or rhabdomyosarcomatous type. This suggests that the MFH areas in the original experimental sarcomas were modulated disguised rhabdomyosarcomas. The significance of MFH‐like areas in non‐related soft tissue sarcomas is also discussed.
Use of interactive videodisc for teaching of pathology laboratory cases
Authors: Kumar Kusum , Hodgins Mark 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImages from a generic videodisc called the 'Slice of Life' were utilized to develop computer assisted interactive videodisc instruction (IVI) units for supplemental independent review of the laboratory cases studied in the general pathology course for year 1 medical students. Four units based on laboratory cases (two on ‘inflammation’ and two on ‘neoplasia’) were developed for a dual‐screen Macintosh system. With this dual‐screen system, specific picture frames from the videodisc could be retrieved on one screen while the other screen displayed the corresponding text. Each unit contained a number of case studies, each of which consisted of a clinical profile, gross picture and description of the tissue removed, sequential photomicrographs at successively higher magnifications from various fields of slides and their descriptions, comparison with the normal histology of the organ involved, interpretation of the observations and comments, final diagnosis, and a quiz at the end. Histopathological features were specifically emphasized. Evaluation of the units obtained from three consecutive classes of students indicated that these units were received as valuable supplemental tools for independent review of the laboratory cases.
Histochemical and immunocytochemical evaluation of copper and metallothionein in the liver and kidney of copper‐loaded rats
Authors: Evering Winston E. , Haywood Susan , Elmes Margaret E. , Jasani Bharat , Trafford James 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHistochemical methods do not always show a good correlation with analytical measurement of copper content and consequently immunoreactive staining techniques for metaliothionein (MT) have recently been employed for the differential diagnosis of copper‐associated diseases. This study compares histochemical with immunocytochemical methods for the assessment of copper status. Male rats were fed a high copper (1 g/kg) diet for 16 weeks and killed sequentially during this period. The livers and kidneys were analysed for copper and zinc (atomic absorption spectrophotometry), and sections were stained with rubeanic acid and rhodanine for copper and for immunoreactive MT using the DNP localization system. Immunoreactive stains for MT corresponded better with copper content than histochemical stains and were more sensitive, albeit less selective, indicators of copper accumulation. Moreover, major differences in intracellular staining were apparent between the two methods, attributed to differences in copper binding and microcompartmentalization of metal.
Helicobacter pylori is not identified in areas of gastric metaplasia of gall bladder
Authors: Arnaout A. H. , Abbas S. H. , Shousha S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSections from 200 cholecystectomy specimens were searched microscopically for areas of gastric metaplasia and Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori colonization. The presence of gastric metaplasia was confirmed in 31 cases by the presence of tall columnar cells with abundant apical neutral mucin. Examination of haematoxylin and eosin and, in some cases, Warthin–Starry stained sections failed to demonstrate H. pylori in any of these 31 cases or in 29 other cases with ‘bladder neck‐type mucous gland metaplasia’. The failure of H. pylori to colonize areas of gastric metaplasia in the gall bladder confirms their intolerance to high concentrations of bile.
The relation of endotoxaemia to the cause of death and fatal hepatic damage following obstruction of the portal vein
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study was undertaken in rats with portosystemic collaterals to clarify whether portal vein occlusion induces fatal hepatic damage and whether endotoxaemla relates to development of lethal hepatic failure following portal vein obstruction. Sudden portal vein occlusion caused severe hepatic necrosis and hepatic dysfunction. However, the mortality rate was only 14 percent, and the hepatic damage recovered 1 week later. Administration of endotoxin immediately after portal vein ligation induced a high mortality rate (86 per cent): the cause of death was thought to be systemic circulatory failure. Endotoxin administration 1 week after portal vein ligation caused marked hepatic dysfunction and hepatic necrosis, but no deaths occurred. These experimental data suggest that hepatic damage following sudden portal vein occlusion is temporary and not fatal provided that portosystemic shunts form adequately. However, it is lethal when complicated by endotoxaemia. Severe hepatic damage and death in chronic portal vein occlusion with portosystemic collaterals cannot be attributed solely to portal vein occlusion, and other factors such as endotoxaemia may play an important role in their development.
Immunohistochemical distribution of c‐erbB‐2 in in situ breast carcinoma—a detailed morphological analysis
Authors: Ramachandra S. , Machin L. , Ashley S. , Monaghan P. , Gusterson B. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn immunohistochemical study of c‐erbB‐2 expression was carried out on in situ (non‐invasive) breast carcinoma, using antibody 21N, raised to the intracytoplasmic domain of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene product. Strong membrane staining was observed in 44 out of 74 (59 per cent) cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but none of 48 lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) lesions. A detailed comparative morphological evaluation using several different parameters, including histological subtypes, was performed within the DCIS group.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between c‐erbB‐2 expression and the presence of large cell size, periductal lymphoid cell infiltration, marked nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleation, and a high mitotic rate. Of these, cell size appears to be the most important predictor of c‐erbB‐2 status, followed by the presence of periductal lymphoid cell infiltration.These results indicate, firstly, that LCIS and DCIS are biologically (as well as histologically) different and, secondly, that a subgroup of DCIS, which is associated with c‐erbB‐2 over‐expression, exists and appears to have distinct histological features. The subgroup of DCIS cases which over‐express c‐erbB‐2 may be a biologically definable category with prognostic importance. These results may therefore have relevance to breast screening programmes, but a larger study incorporating clinical data would be necessary to correlate these findings with clinical outcome.