bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon gamma immunoPET imaging to evaluate response to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Hackett Justin B. , Ramos Nicholas , Barr Stephen , Bross Madeline , Viola Nerissa T. , Gibson Heather M. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionWe previously developed a 89Zr-labeled antibody-based immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) tracer targeting interferon gamma (IFNγ), a cytokine produced predominantly by activated T and natural killer (NK) cells during pathogen clearance, anti-tumor immunity, and various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The current study investigated [89Zr]Zr-DFO-anti-IFNγ PET as a method to monitor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsBALB/c mice bearing CT26 colorectal tumors were treated with combined ICI (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)). The [89Zr]Zr-DFO-anti-IFNγ PET tracer, generated with antibody clone AN18, was administered on the day of the second ICI treatment, with PET imaging 72 hours later. Tumor mRNA was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcribed PCR (qRT-PCR).ResultsWe detected significantly higher intratumoral localization of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-anti-IFNγ in ICI-treated mice compared to untreated controls, while uptake of an isotype control tracer remained similar between treated and untreated mice. Interestingly, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-anti-IFNγ uptake was also elevated relative to the isotype control in untreated mice, suggesting that the IFNγ-specific tracer might be able to detect underlying immune activity in situ in this immunogenic model. In an efficacy experiment, a significant inverse correlation between tracer uptake and tumor burden was also observed. Because antibodies to cytokines often exhibit neutralizing effects which might alter cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment, we also evaluated the impact of AN18 on downstream IFNγ signaling and ICI outcomes. Tumor transcript analysis using interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) expression as a readout of IFNγ signaling suggested there may be a marginal disruption of this pathway. However, compared to a 250 µg dose known to neutralize IFNγ, which diminished ICI efficacy, a tracer-equivalent 50 µg dose did not reduce ICI response rates.DiscussionThese results support the use of IFNγ PET as a method to monitor immune activity in situ after ICI, which may also extend to additional T cell-activating immunotherapies.
Correlation of bioactive marker compounds of an orally applied Morus alba root bark extract with toxicity and efficacy in BALB/c mice
Authors: Langeder Julia , Koch Mirijam , Schmietendorf Hannes , Tahir Ammar , Grienke Ulrike , Rollinger Judith M. , Schmidtke Michaela 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: In traditional Chinese medicine, the root bark of Morus alba L. is used to treat respiratory infections. Recently, anti-inflammatory and multiple anti-infective activities (against influenza viruses, corona virus 2, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae) were shown in vitro for a standardized root bark extract from M. alba (MA60). Sanggenons C and D were identified as major active constituents of MA60. The aim of the present preclinical study was to evaluate, whether these findings are transferable to an in vivo setting.Methods: MA60 was orally administered to female BALB/c mice to determine 1) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in an acute toxicity study and 2) its anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory effects in an efficacy study. A further aim was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the obtained results and the amount of sanggenons C and D in serum and tissues. For the quantitation of the marker compounds sanggenons C and D in serum and tissue samples an UPLC-ESI-MS method was developed and validated.Results: In our study setting, the MTD was reached at 100 mg/kg. In the efficacy study, the treatment effects were moderate. Dose-dependent quantities of sanggenon C in serum and sanggenon D in liver samples were detected. Only very low concentrations of sanggenons C and D were determined in lung samples and none of these compounds was found in spleen samples. There was no compound accumulation when MA60 was administered repeatedly.Discussion: The herein determined low serum concentration after oral application once daily encourages the use of an alternative application route like intravenous, inhalation or intranasal administration and/or multiple dosing in further trials. The established method for the quantitation of the marker sanggenon compounds in tissue samples serves as a basis to determine pharmacokinetic parameters such as their bioavailability in future studies.
Examining social anxiety and dual aspects of social comparison orientation: the moderating role of self-evaluation of social skills
Authors: Okano Hirohito , Nomura Michio 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionSocial comparison orientation comprises ability comparison, which entails superior and inferior ratings; and opinion comparison, which does not include such ratings. Previous research on negative emotions and the social rank theory of social anxiety indicates that social anxiety is positively associated with ability comparison. This is particularly true of individuals with a stronger sense of inferiority (e.g., lower self-evaluation of their social skills). Nevertheless, the relationship between the two aspects of social comparison orientation and social anxiety remains unclear.MethodsTwo hundred thirty-eight individuals (Mage = 40.53 ± 9.78 years, 50.4% men) participated in an online cross-sectional survey questionnaire.ResultsSocial anxiety was positively correlated with ability comparison but not opinion comparison. The relationship between social anxiety in situations observed by others and ability comparison was stronger for individuals with lower (vs. higher) self-rated social skills.DiscussionThis study showed that the two types of social comparison are differentially related to social anxiety. The findings support the social rank theory of social anxiety, which states that social comparisons involving superior and inferior ratings lead to social anxiety owing to the perception of one’s inferiority. Making such social comparisons can result in heightened social anxiety, particularly for individuals with low self-evaluations of social skills. The results indicate the importance of these social comparisons in the emergence and persistence of social anxiety. Furthermore, the potential of interventions based on mindfulness, compassion, social media, and video feedback in mitigating the negative effects of such social comparisons is discussed.
Effects of morality and reputation on sharing behaviors in human-robot teams
Authors: Chen Na , Hu Xueyan , Zhai Yanan 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe relationship between robots and humans is becoming increasingly close and will become an inseparable part of work and life with humans and robots working together. Sharing, which involves distributing goods between individuals and others, involves individuals as potential beneficiaries and the possibility of giving up the interests of others. In human teams, individual sharing behaviors are influenced by morality and reputation. However, the impact on individuals’ sharing behaviors in human-robot collaborative teams remains unclear-individuals may consider morality and reputation differently when sharing with robot or human partners. In this study, three experiments were conducted using the dictator game paradigm, aiming to compare the effects and mechanisms of morality and reputation on sharing behaviors in human and human-robot teams.MethodsExperiment 1 involving 18 participants was conducted. Experiment 2 involving 74 participants was conducted. Experiment 3 involving 128 participants was conducted.ResultsExperiment 1 validated the differences in human sharing behaviors when the agents were robots and humans. Experiment 2 verifies that moral constraints and reputation constraints affect sharing behaviors in human-robot teams. Experiment 3 further reveals the mechanism of differences in sharing behaviors in human-robot teams, where reputation concern plays a mediating role in the impact of moral constraint on sharing behaviors, and the agent type plays a moderating role in the impact of moral constraint on reputation concern and sharing behaviors.DiscussionThe results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the interaction mechanism of human-robot teams. In the future, the formulation of human-robot collaborative team rules and the setting of interaction environments can consider the potential motivation of human behavior from both morality and reputation perspectives and achieve better work performance.
The effect of gender in binge eating behavior in Chinese culture: the serial mediation model of body dissatisfaction and self-acceptance
Authors: Li Chunlu , Lyu Shuhui , Yan Jimin , Meng Xiaolu 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionThe gender difference of binge eating behavior been highlighted by previous studies. However, psychological mechanisms underlying the gender difference of binge eating behavior remain unclear. This study addressed this issue from a sociocultural perspective.MethodsFirstly, we investigated the mediation effect of body dissatisfaction on the gender difference of binge eating behavior. Secondly, we examine the serial mediating role of body dissatisfaction and self-acceptance in gender differences of binge eating behavior. Here, we analyzed data from 703 Chinese university students using SPSS 26.0 and SPSS PROCESS.ResultsIn Chinese culture, body dissatisfaction and self-acceptance independently or through a serial way mediate the gender differences in binge eating behaviors.DiscussionWe discussed the implications and limitations of the present study.
Changes in attachment dimensions during the treatment of acute post-traumatic stress disorder in sexually assaulted Brazilian women
Authors: Maciel Mariana Rangel , Calsavara Vinicius Fernando , Zylberstajn Cecilia , Mello Marcelo Feijo , Coimbra Bruno Messina , Mello Andrea  Feijo 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionAttachment patterns are established during early childhood; however, extreme experiences throughout life may change this structure, either toward attachment security or insecurity. We analyzed changes in attachment dimensions in women with acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following sexual assault, that were randomized to a 14-week treatment with either the medication sertraline or Interpersonal Psychotherapy.MethodsSeventy-four adult women who presented significant reduction in PTSD symptoms across the trial responded to the Revised Adult Attachment Scale at baseline, on week 8 of treatment, and at the end of the trial, on week 14. We fitted a generalized linear model to explain the attachment anxiety and avoidance scores at baseline. A generalized linear mixed model investigated how attachment dimensions changed over time. Socioeconomic data, treatment type, history of childhood trauma, and PTSD severity over the 14-week period were the considered covariates.ResultsAt baseline, attachment anxiety was associated with a history of early trauma. Attachment anxiety remained stable during the follow-up. Attachment avoidance, on the other hand, significantly increased from baseline to week 14. Higher avoidance was observed in patients with higher total PTSD scores and on the cluster of hyperarousal symptoms. Races other than White (black, mixed-race, or Asian) and younger age were associated with higher attachment avoidance.DiscussionContrary to our expectations, attachment avoidance increased during follow-up, indicating changes in the interpersonal realm beyond the symptoms of PTSD.
The effects of a psychiatric clerkship on stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders as held by German medical students
Authors: Zavorotnyy Maxim , Klatte Simon , Yang Yunbo , Liu Wei , Wagner Ulrich , Kircher Tilo 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundAccording to the United Nations, access to medical care is a fundamental human right. However, there is widespread stigmatization of severe mental illnesses and this appears to seriously hamper the quality of healthcare in people with psychiatric co-morbidity. Thus, interventions that help reduce stigma among healthcare providers are urgently needed.PurposeThe objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of a psychiatric clerkship on stigmatizing attitudes toward mental disorders held by medical students.MethodsBetween 2018 and 2019, a total of 256 third- and fourth-year students from Marburg University Medical School (Germany) completed two surveys—one before and one after a 2 week clerkship program that was designed to prioritize direct interaction with the patients. For measuring stigma, the questionnaires contained questions about students' attitudes toward psychiatry (ATP), including the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC), Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI), and measurements according to the Stereotype-Content Model (SCM). We conducted pre-vs.-post comparisons using the Wilcoxon signed rank test with continuity correction or paired t-test and employed the Spearman method for correlational analysis. We considered p &lt; 0.05 significant and adjusted all p-values reported here using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to account for family-wise error.ResultsAfter the clerkship, a significantly reduced stigma was found, as assessed with ATP (mean p &lt; 0.001), OMS-HC (sum and subscale “attitudes” p &lt; 0.001; subscale “disclosure” p = 0.002), and both SCM subscales (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, we observed significant associations between stigma expression (e.g., OMS-HC sum) and the willingness of students to choose psychiatric residency after finishing medical school (before clerkship: p &lt; 0.001; ρ = −0.35; change after clerkship: p = 0.004; ρ = −0.2).ConclusionOur findings indicate that a psychiatric clerkship that involves students in direct interaction with patients may effectively reduce stigma. Therefore, we advocate the incorporation of components of direct interaction in medical education to combat stigma and unequal treatment, as this could improve outcomes in patients with severe mental illnesses.
Antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacterial isolates according to the WHO’s AWaRe and the ECDC-MDR classifications: the pattern in Ghana’s Bono East Region
Authors: Walana Williams , Vicar Ezekiel Kofi , Kuugbee Eugene Dogkotenge , Sakida Francis , Yabasin Iddrisu Baba , Faakuu Eric , Amfoabegyi Solomon , Ziem Juventus Benogle 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a significant health challenge globally and nations have the responsibility to maintain a constant surveillance of AMR, particularly for the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates to existing antibiotics. Against this backdrop, we applied the WHO’s AWaRe (ACCESS, WATCH, and RESERVE) antibiotics classification and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)’s multidrug resistance definition for AMR isolates from clinical specimens.MethodThis study reviewed bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test outcomes. These results were then grouped according to the AWaRe and ECDC-MDR classifications.ResultsIn all, the culture and sensitivity results of the 3,178 clinical specimens were investigated, of which 59.5% were from female patients. The pathogens were isolated from 1,187 specimens (37.4%). The WHO’s ACCESS antibiotics, tetracycline, showed a relatively high level of insusceptibility, particularly among Gram-positive (GP) isolates (ranging from 66.7% to 76.7%), along with augmentin (ranging from 44.7% to 81.3%) and cloxacillin (ranging from 50.0% to 78.1%). However, the Gram-negative (GN) isolates showed a relatively high level of susceptibility to amikacin, augmentin, and nitrofurantoin. The WHO’s WATCH antibiotics, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin showed a relatively high level of non-responsiveness among the GN isolates, particularly Proteus (ranging from 31.4% to 78.4%), Pseudomonas (ranging from 21.4% to 96.4%), and Enterobacter (ranging from 62.5% to 100%) spp. Among the WHO’s RESERVE antibiotics, resistance to ceftazidime was commonly associated with the GN coliform isolates: Eschericha coli, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter spp. Insusceptibility to meropenem was frequently observed in Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, coliforms, and Proteus spp. Out of the 1,187 isolates, 15.5% (184) were GAT (gentamycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline) MDR, of which 61% (112/184) were from specimens of female patients. The most predominant GAT-MDR isolates were Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, coliforms, and Klebsiella spp.ConclusionIn conclusion, the study revealed a relatively high level and diverse range of AMR. However, MDR in accordance with the ECDC definition was relatively low. There is, therefore, a need to have further research on AMR to inform national criteria for MDR in Ghana.
Preoperative anxiety management in children. Benefits of humanoid robots: an experimental study
Authors: Franconi Ilaria , Faragalli Andrea , Palego Giulia , Canonici Samuele , Gatti Ludovica , Simonini Alessandro , Bindi Edoardo , Cobellis Giovanni , Carle Flavia 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of a humanoid robot (Estrabot) could reduce preoperative anxiety levels in children.MethodsAn experimental study was conducted at Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche Hospital, involving the Pediatric Surgery ward and the Operating Room (OR). Patients aged between 2 and 14 years who underwent minor surgery were included. The Instruments used were the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale to evaluate anxiety levels, and Estrabot, a humanoid robot that interacts with people. Medical records between April and May 2023 were analyzed and the data was anonymous. The level of anxiety is extrapolated in Pediatric Surgery during the administration of oral pre-medication, and in the Operating Room, during the induction of anesthesia. Patients were divided into an intervention group treated with Estrabot, and a control group without a robot.ResultsThe population consists of 60 patients (86.7% male) with a median (IQR) age of 6 (4–8) years. The median (IQR) anxiety score during premedication was 7 (5–11), while the median (IQR) anxiety score during anesthesia was 6 (5–10). A significantly lower level of anxiety was reported in the Estrabot group. Patients in the Estrabot group had significantly lower anxiety levels in different age groups.ConclusionA humanoid robot can reduce preoperative anxiety levels in children during premedication and the induction of anesthesia.
USE OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION ACQUIRES
Authors: BIDA O. , OROS I. , CHYCHUK A. 
Published: December 2023

The essence of the use of interactive technologies for the formation of a culture of professional communication among students is considered.
The main classifications of types of interpersonal interaction are named. Two main types of interpersonal interaction are distinguished.
In the field of education, methods and forms of teaching are divided into non-traditional and traditional. The task of teachers of higher education institutions is to choose such teaching methods and forms of education that would allow each student of education to show creativity and activity. That is, along with traditional methods and forms of education, there are specific ones that are discussed in the article.
Despite the fact that interactive technologies require a significant amount of time for the training of both the student and the teacher, the result of such classes becomes an incentive for further work with these innovative teaching methods. The advantages of interactive technologies in comparison with traditional methods of the educational process are determined.
The rules that, when observed, remove the manifestation of stiffness in communication, establish harmonious relationships between people, and create an attractive image for the interlocutor are analyzed.
The main principles of interactive technologies are highlighted.
Forms of formation in the educational process of an innovative higher school are shown.
FORMATION OF BIOLOGY COMPETENCE OF FUTURE BACHELOR OF NATURAL SCIENCES: A SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTIVE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Authors: GRAMATYK N. 
Published: December 2023

The concept of the New Ukrainian School puts forward new requirements for the professional training of a modern teacher, in particular regarding the quality and range of his competencies. After all, it is the ability to quickly respond to changes, to be ready for the introduction of innovative methods of teaching and education, which ultimately determines his personal and professional relevance to the reform of the New Ukrainian School, the full performance of the role of a decisive factor in the success of the implementation of the concept of paradigmatic changes in higher pedagogical education. In view of the above, it is time to determine the methodological guidelines that ensure the success of becoming a teacher of the New Ukrainian School in the conditions of a higher education institution - the main stage of the formation of a teacher, which Ukrainian society and the children's community are waiting for.
The modern educational practice of constructive implementation of the ideas of integration of the content of school natural science education and its reorientation to the competence model has proven the perspective of just such an approach. In addition, fundamental natural science education is one of the main factors of personality development, and acquired natural and scientific competence is a mandatory component of an individual's general culture and a resource for the development of his creative potential. Thus, the biological component of modern science education is aimed not only at ensuring the integrity of fundamental knowledge, but first of all at the realization of a person's creative and active existence in the surrounding world. In addition, the biological component of natural science training directly affects the formation of a scientific style of thinking as a prerequisite for the socio-cultural self-determination of the subject of knowledge.
In this context, it becomes obvious the need to increase the level of subject biology competence of future bachelors of natural sciences, because they must be ready to work in the conditions of the New Ukrainian School - a modern education platform.
Therefore, qualitatively new methodological approaches to the formation of subject-specific competences, particularly in biology, are the core of the professional training of future bachelors of natural sciences. Shifting the emphasis of higher professional education to the development of a competent and competitive specialist is an important criterion for the quality training of a future teacher of natural sciences.