bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity impairs muscle mitochondrial function with tobacco smoking
Authors: Fitzgerald Liam F. , Lackey Jacob , Moussa Ahmad , Shah Sohan V. , Castellanos Ana Maria , Khan Shawn , Schonk Martin , Thome Trace , Salyers Zachary R. , Jakkidi Nishka , Kim Kyoungrae , Yang Qingping , Hepple Russell T. , Ryan Terence E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence has demonstrated that chronic tobacco smoking directly contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction independent of its pathological impact to the cardiorespiratory systems. The mechanisms underlying tobacco smoke toxicity in skeletal muscle are not fully resolved. In this study, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor known to be activated with tobacco smoke, was investigated.MethodsAHR related gene (mRNA) expression was quantified in skeletal muscle from adult controls and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as mice with and without cigarette smoke exposure. Utilizing both skeletal muscle‐specific AHR knockout mice exposed to chronic repeated (5 days per week for 16 weeks) cigarette smoke and skeletal muscle‐specific expression of a constitutively active mutant AHR in healthy mice, a battery of assessments interrogating muscle size, contractile function, mitochondrial energetics, and RNA sequencing were employed.ResultsSkeletal muscle from COPD patients (N = 79, age = 67.0 ± 8.4 years) had higher levels of AHR (P = 0.0451) and CYP1B1 (P < 0.0001) compared to healthy adult controls (N = 16, age = 66.5 ± 6.5 years). Mice exposed to cigarette smoke displayed higher expression of Ahr (P = 0.008), Cyp1b1 (P < 0.0001), and Cyp1a1 (P < 0.0001) in skeletal muscle compared to air controls. Cigarette smoke exposure was found to impair skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by ~50% in littermate controls (Treatment effect, P < 0.001), which was attenuated by deletion of the AHR in muscle in male (P = 0.001), but not female, mice (P = 0.37), indicating there are sex‐dependent pathological effects of smoking‐induced AHR activation in skeletal muscle. Viral mediated expression of a constitutively active mutant AHR in the muscle of healthy mice recapitulated the effects of cigarette smoking by decreasing muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by ~40% (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence linking chronic AHR activation secondary to cigarette smoke exposure to skeletal muscle bioenergetic deficits in male, but not female, mice. AHR activation is a likely contributor to the decline in muscle oxidative capacity observed in smokers and AHR antagonism may provide a therapeutic avenue aimed to improve muscle function in COPD.
Modulation of gut‐microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health
Authors: Dasriya Vaishali Lekchand , Samtiya Mrinal , Ranveer Soniya , Dhillon Harmeet Singh , Devi Nishu , Sharma Vikas , Nikam Pranali , Puniya Monica , Chaudhary Priya , Chaudhary Vishu , Behare Pradip V , Dhewa Tejpal , Vemuri Ravichandra , Raposo António , Puniya Dharun Vijay , Khedkar Gulab D. , Vishweswaraiah Raghu Hrikyathahalli , Vij Shilpa , Alarifi Sehad N , Han Heesup , Puniya Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDietary patterns play an important role in regards to the modulation and control of the gut microbiome composition and function. The interaction between diet and microbiota plays an important role in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis, which ultimately affect the host's health. Diet directly impacts the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which then contributes to the production of secondary metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial peptides. Dietary consumption with genetically modified probiotics can be the best vaccine delivery vector and protect cells from various illnesses. A holistic approach to disease prevention, treatment, and management takes these intrinsically linked diet‐microbes, microbe–microbe interactions, and microbe–host interactions into account. Dietary components, such as fiber can modulate beneficial gut microbiota, and they have resulting ameliorative effects against metabolic disorders. Medical interventions, such as antibiotic drugs can conversely have detrimental effects on gut microbiota by disputing the balance between Bacteroides and firmicute, which contribute to continuing disease states. We summarize the known effects of various dietary components, such as fibers, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic acids, and antibiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota in this article in addition to the beneficial effect of genetically modified probiotics and consequentially their role in regards to shaping human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Design of Multifunctional Color Routers with Kerker Switching Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Yan Jiahao , Zhu Dayu , Bao Yanjun , Chen Qin , Li Baojun , Cai Wenshan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo achieve optoelectronic devices with high resolution and efficiency, there is a pressing need for optical structural units that possess an ultrasmall footprint yet exhibit strong controllability in both the frequency and spatial domains. For dielectric nanoparticles, the overlap of electric and magnetic dipole moments can scatter light completely forward or backward, which is called Kerker theory. This effect can expand to any multipoles and any directions, re‐named as generalized Kerker effect, and realize controllable light manipulation at full space and full spectrum using well‐designed dielectric structures. However, the complex situations of multipole couplings make it difficult to achieve structural design. Here, generative artificial intelligence (AI) is utilized to facilitate multi‐objective‐oriented structural design, wherein the study leverages the concept of “combined spectra” that consider both spectra and direction ratios as labels. The proposed generative adversarial network (GAN) is named as DDGAN (double‐discriminator GAN) that discriminates both images and spectral labels. Using trained networks, the simultaneous design for scattering color and directivities, RGB color routers, as well as narrowband light routers is achieved. Notably, all generated structures possess a footprint <600 × 600 nm indicating their potential applications in optoelectronic devices with ultrahigh resolution.
All‐Dielectric High‐Q Dynamically Tunable Transmissive Metasurfaces
Authors: Sokhoyan Ruzan , Hail Claudio U. , Foley Morgan , Grajower Meir Y. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractActive metasurfaces, which are arrays of actively tunable resonant elements, can dynamically control the wavefront of the scattered light at a subwavelength scale. To date, most active metasurfaces that enable dynamic wavefront shaping operate in reflection. On the other hand, active metasurfaces operating in transmission are of considerable interest as they can readily be integrated with chip‐scale light sources, yielding ultra‐compact wavefront shaping devices. Here, designs for all‐dielectric low‐loss active metasurfaces which can dynamically manipulate the transmitted light wavefront in the near‐infrared wavelength range are reported. The active metasurfaces feature an array of amorphous silicon (a‐Si) pillars on a silica (SiO2) substate, which support resonances with quality factors (Q‐factors) as high as 9800. The high‐Q resonance dips observed in transmission can be transformed into transmission resonance peaks by positioning a‐Si pillar resonators at a prescribed distance from a crystalline Si substrate. The design of metasurface geometry with realistic interconnect architectures that enable thermo‐optic dynamic beam switching with switching times as low as 7.3 µs is reported. Beam switching is observed for refractive index differences between neighboring metasurface elements as low as 0.0026. It is shown that the metasurface structures with realistic interconnect architectures can be used for dynamic beam steering.
Identification of carbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete by electrochemical testing
Authors: Permeh Samanbar , Lau Kingsley 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete can allow for premature degradation of structures. Corrosion probes in health monitoring systems can assess concrete carbonation and steel corrosion rates. The electrochemical noise (EN) technique has advantages for corrosion sensing. Instrumented concrete columns were fitted with a carbonation chamber for accelerated testing. EN was assessed through statistical evaluation of noise time signatures, noise resistance, and spectral analysis. The mean noise potential for the electrodes showed electronegative potential and correspondingly high rms noise current, indicative of corrosion activation in carbonated concrete. The estimated corrosion rates obtained from the noise impedance were comparable to those resolved from the polarization resistance and noise resistance. The shot noise analysis indicated isolated spontaneous noise events associated with the activation of local steel anodes. The outcomes of the testing indicate that the placement of low‐cost sensors and passive EN measurements can be used to monitor the onset of carbonation‐induced corrosion of steel in concrete and provide estimates on corrosion rates.
Synthetic self‐adjuvanted multivalent Mucin 1 (MUC1) glycopeptide vaccines with improved in vivo antitumor efficacy
Authors: Zhou Yang , Li Xinru , Guo Yajing , Wu Ye , Yin Lixin , Tu Luyun , Hong Sheng , Cai Hui , Ding Feiqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe tumor‐associated glycoprotein Mucin 1 (MUC1) is aberrantly glycosylated on cancer cells and is considered a promising target for antitumor vaccines. The weak immunogenicity and low sequence homology of mouse mucins and human MUC1 are the main obstacles for the development of vaccines. Herein, a self‐adjuvanted strategy combining toll‐like receptor  2 lipopeptide ligands and T‐cell epitopes and the multivalent effect were used to amplify the immune response and evade the unpredictable immunogenicity, generating two self‐adjuvanted three‐component MUC1 vaccines (mono‐ and trivalent MUC1 vaccines). To simulate the aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 glycoprotein, the MUC1 tandem repeat peptide was bounded with Tn antigens at T9, S15, and T16, and served as B‐cell epitopes. Results showed that both vaccines elicited a robust antibody response in wild‐type mice compared with a weaker response in MUC1 transgenic mice. The trivalent vaccine did not elevate the antibody response level compared with the monovalent vaccine; however, a more delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival time was realized in wild‐type and transgenic mouse models treated with the trivalent vaccine. These results indicate that the self‐adjuvanted three‐component MUC1 vaccines, especially the trivalent vaccine, can trigger robust antitumor effects regardless of sequence homology, and, therefore, show promise for clinical translation.
Perceived social support among percutaneous coronary intervention patients over a long‐term follow‐up period
Authors: Kähkönen Outi , Paukkonen Leila , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Oikarinen Anne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate perceived social support and the associated factors as well as the sources of social support among post‐percutaneous intervention patients over a long‐term follow‐up period.DesignAn explanatory and descriptive survey with a six‐year follow‐up (STROBE Statement: Supplementary file 1).MethodsBaseline data (n = 416) were collected from Finnish patients in 2013, with follow‐up data collected from the same study group in 2019 (n = 154). The research employed the Social Support of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease self‐reported questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods.ResultsIn the acute phase, higher informational support was associated with lower LDL cholesterol and female gender and higher emotional support with working status. In long‐term follow‐up period, physical activity, younger age, normal cholesterol levels and previous percutaneous coronary intervention predicted higher informational support, regular participation in follow‐up sessions and relationship status predicted higher emotional support, and previous coronary artery bypass grafting, smoking, alcohol consumption, normal cholesterol and regular follow‐ups predicted higher functional support.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Discoidin domain receptor 2 signaling through PIK3C2α in fibroblasts promotes lung fibrosis
Authors: Ling Song , Kwak Doyun , Takuwa Yoh , Ge Chunxi , Franceschi Renny , Kim Kevin K 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis, especially idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), portends significant morbidity and mortality, and current therapeutic options are suboptimal. We have previously shown that type I collagen signaling through discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by fibroblasts, is critical for the regulation of fibroblast apoptosis and progressive fibrosis. However, the downstream signaling pathways for DDR2 remain poorly defined and could also be attractive potential targets for therapy. A recent phosphoproteomic approach indicated that PIK3C2α, a poorly studied member of the PI3 kinase family, could be a downstream mediator of DDR2 signaling. We hypothesized that collagen I/DDR2 signaling through PIK3C2α regulates fibroblast activity during progressive fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, we found that primary murine fibroblasts and IPF‐derived fibroblasts stimulated with endogenous or exogenous type I collagen led to the formation of a DDR2/PIK3C2α complex, resulting in phosphorylation of PIK3C2α. Fibroblasts treated with an inhibitor of PIK3C2α or with deletion of PIK3C2α had fewer markers of activation after stimulation with TGFβ and more apoptosis after stimulation with a Fas‐activating antibody. Finally, mice with fibroblast‐specific deletion of PIK3C2α had less fibrosis after bleomycin treatment than did littermate control mice with intact expression of PIK3Cα. Collectively, these data support the notion that collagen/DDR2/PIK3C2α signaling is critical for fibroblast function during progressive fibrosis, making this pathway a potential target for antifibrotic therapy. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Upcycling HOXB13: enhancing prostate cancer detection with a novel antibody†
Authors: Augspach Anke , Rubin Mark A 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the most prevalent and, upon metastasis, deadliest cancers in men. Timely identification is essential for effective treatment. Furthermore, accurate determination of prostatic origin is crucial for personalized therapy once the cancer has spread. However, current prostate cancer screening methods are lacking. A recent article in The Journal of Pathology addresses this issue by utilizing an improved antibody to reevaluate HOXB13 as a lineage marker for prostate cancer. The study's findings support the concept that, despite decreased expression in advanced prostate cancer, HOXB13 remains highly suitable for determining prostatic origin due to its androgen receptor independence, high specificity, and sensitivity. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Innovations in endoscopic ultrasound for portal hypertension and its role in managing complications in clinical practice: Lessons learned from a tertiary referral public hospital
Authors: Lesmana Cosmas R. A. , Kalista Kemal F. , Nababan Saut H. H. , Kurniawan Juferdy , Jasirwan Chyntia O. M. , Sulaiman Andri S. , Hasan Irsan , Gani Rino A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPortal hypertension (PH) poses significant challenges. This paper presents an innovative study on the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for both the diagnosis and management of PH. Conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, this retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with PH through clinical examination, imaging evaluation, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Exclusion criteria comprised a history of reduced blood consumption within the last 5 days, hepatocellular carcinoma, massive ascites, or elevated international normalized ratio (>1.4). EUS‐guided portal pressure gradient (PPG) measurements were performed using an innovative standard manometer. The study involved 15 patients, with 14 having liver cirrhosis and 1 diagnosed with Budd–Chiari syndrome. Among them, nine patients experienced bleeding due to gastroesophageal varices. Small and large esophageal varices were identified in four and eight patients, respectively. Gastroesophageal varices type 1 were observed in two patients, and type 2 in four patients. Isolated gastric fundal varices type 1 were present in one patient. Based on EUS‐PPG measurements, 14 patients exhibited clinically significant portal hypertension. Seven patients underwent endoscopic band ligation and three underwent EUS‐guided cyanoacrylate injection during the same session as the EUS‐PPG measurement procedure. Notably, no adverse events, such as abdominal pain, perforation, or bleeding were observed during or after the procedure. EUS emerges as a promising and accurate tool for both diagnosis and management.
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Kim Minju , Sung Mi‐Kyung , Yoo Changhyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere that has a substantial impact on weather and climate on various time scales. Here, we investigate the role of energy conversion terms day‐by‐day during the NAO life cycle. The relative timing and contribution of the energy conversion terms are quantified by projecting the terms onto the eddy total energy, eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and eddy available potential energy (EAPE) patterns associated with the NAO. The results show a remarkable phase dependence in the growth and maintenance mechanisms. For positive NAOs, the initial growth is driven by the barotropic interactions between the eddies propagating over North America. This suggests that a non‐local growth mechanism plays an important role in the initiation of positive NAOs. In contrast, it is the baroclinic processes that initiate negative NAOs. The conversion of the mean APE into the EAPE and then into the EKE, processes which include eddy heat fluxes and vertical motions, results in the relatively local growth of negative NAOs. During the mature phase, the largest source of energy is the conversion of the mean APE into EAPE. Part of this is converted to EKE, making a substantial contribution to the maintenance of the EKE. This process is particularly important for negative NAOs.
Detecting outliers in the multivariate control charts for dispersion monitoring
Authors: Ajadi Jimoh Olawale , Raji Ishaq Adeyanju , Abbas Nasir , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOutlier detection is an important aspect of statistical process monitoring (SPM) because outliers affect the performance of control charts. SPM researchers study the negative impact of outliers on control charts for monitoring location parameters. However, there is little research on outlier detection in multivariate charts for monitoring process dispersion. This study aims to investigate the impact of outliers in multivariate control charts for monitoring covariance matrix of a process, and then to recommend techniques for detecting potential outliers present from Phase I samples. We propose a new multivariate dispersion chart that employs the determinant of logarithm of estimated covariance matrix as the monitoring statistic. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the results show how outliers from the first phase affect the overall performance of multivariate charts. The results also demonstrate that the minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimator is effective in reducing the effect of outliers on the proposed control scheme than the other compared estimators.
The sedimentology of gravel beds in groundwater‐dominated chalk streams: Implications for sediment modelling and management
Authors: Mondon Beth , Sear David A. , Collins Adrian L. , Shaw Peter J. , Sykes Tim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElevated fine sediment accumulation in a river system's gravel bed is known to cause detrimental ecological impacts. Current sediment targets and approaches to mitigation have failed due to the oversimplification of geomorphological processes controlling fine sediment accumulation and the lack of relevant scientific knowledge underpinning them. This is particularly apparent in chalk streams (groundwater‐dominated systems) which regularly exhibit high rates of sediment accumulation despite low suspended sediment yields. A necessary first step is to better characterise their sedimentology; thus, the novelty of this study was to determine the sedimentological characteristics of chalk stream gravel beds, specifically the quantity and distribution of fine sediment with depth. We collated published and unpublished freeze‐core data, encompassing 90 sites across 11 UK chalk streams. Results showed average quantities of fine sediment (<2 mm) in chalk stream gravel beds were 25% by weight, with >75% of beds exceeding thresholds for ecological degradation. Quantities of fine sediment increased with increasing depth into the bed, with an average increase between surface and subsurface layers of 54%, and 89% of the gravel bed over‐saturated with fine sediment. Regional differences were attributed to differences in stream power and local sediment sources, including surficial geology and catchment land use. Additionally, a major contrast was identified between experimental conditions in flume studies used to establish models describing interactions/mechanisms of fine sediment infiltration into immobile gravel beds and the natural conditions observed in chalk streams. As such, the use of such models as a basis to explore sediment management scenarios is unlikely to predict the outcome of such management techniques correctly in a real‐world situation.