bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security‐constrained active power curtailment considering line temperature and thermal inertia
Authors: Bolgaryn Roman , Wiemer Jan , Scheidler Alexander , Braun Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA novel method is introduced to determine cost‐optimized active power curtailment (APC) of renewable energy sources (RES) considering weather‐dependent dynamic line rating (DLR). A new formulation of the security‐constrained optimal power flow (SC‐OPF) is developed and applied in a case study. The reduction of the required preventive APC in the case for secure grid operation due to the consideration of thermal inertia of overhead power lines is demonstrated. Considering thermal inertia allows relying on curative APC that is activated only after an situation occurs. The overhead power line temperature, calculated with the temperature‐dependent power flow (TDPF), acts as a new limit for line loading and releases unused transmission reserves. The TDPF algorithm is integrated in the open‐source Python library pandapower, providing access to it to the broader community. The power system can be utilized to a greater extent, with a reduced demand for congestion management.
ADFF: Adaptive de‐morphing factor framework for restoring accomplice's facial image
Authors: Long Min , Zhou Jun , Zhang Le‐Bing , Peng Fei , Zhang Dengyong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMorphing attacks (MAs) pose a substantial security threat to the Automatic Border Control (ABC) system. While a few morphing attack detection (MAD) methods have been proposed, the face morphing accomplice's facial restoration has not received sufficient attention. Due to the inability to foresee the morphing factor used for a particular morphed image, selecting the appropriate de‐morphing factor becomes a challenging problem in the restoration of the accomplice's facial image. If the morphing factor cannot be chosen reasonably, achieving the desired restoration effect is difficult. Therefore, this paper presents an adaptive de‐morphing factor framework (ADFF) architecture for restoring the accomplice's facial image. By exploiting the morphed images stored in the electronic passport system and the real‐time captured criminal's images, ADFF can effectively restore the accomplice's facial image. Experimental results and analysis show that ADFF can significantly reduce the security threats of MAs on ABC.
Constitutional Morality: An Indian Framework
Authors: Nayak Nakul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the last dozen years, Indian courts have formulated the idea that, inherent in the Indian Constitution, lies a type of morality referred to as constitutional morality (CM). CM acts as an interpretive device to help courts ascertain the meaning of the Constitution’s text in contested cases. Fundamental questions around CM, however, remain unaddressed: What are the methodological moves that courts have adopted to deploy CM in case law? What judicial premises and logics are at work in CM? And, given CM’s path dependence, what implications does CM have for Indian constitutional law and theory? This Article attempts to address these questions, using three levels of analysis. First, it explores the intellectual history of CM to ascertain how B.R. Ambedkar—the chief draftsperson of India’s Constitution—conceptualized it. Second, it develops a framework that situates CM as understood by Indian courts. Courts have given two distinct meanings to CM: (i) CM as a fiction that anchors the meaning of “morality” understood as a restriction to fundamental rights, and (ii) as an obligation on institutional actors to follow ethical political practices even when the law does not guide their conduct. This Article charts out both accounts and analyzes them on their own terms. Finally, it sketches two problems that the development of CM presents for Indian constitutional theory. As the Indian Supreme Court gears up to commence hearings on whether courts may continue to use CM as an interpretive device, the normative attractiveness of CM will be under the scanner. The framework and analyses I have developed can act as a foundation on which critiques and defenses of CM can take place.
Predicting enzymatic function of protein sequences with attention
Authors: Buton Nicolas , Coste François , Le Cunff Yann 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Motivation
There is a growing number of available protein sequences, but only a limited amount has been manually annotated. For example, only 0.25% of all entries of UniProtKB are reviewed by human annotators. Further developing automatic tools to infer protein function from sequence alone can alleviate part of this gap. In this article, we investigate the potential of Transformer deep neural networks on a specific case of functional sequence annotation: the prediction of enzymatic classes.

Results
We show that our EnzBert transformer models, trained to predict Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers by specialization of a protein language model, outperforms state-of-the-art tools for monofunctional enzyme class prediction based on sequences only. Accuracy is improved from 84% to 95% on the prediction of EC numbers at level two on the EC40 benchmark. To evaluate the prediction quality at level four, the most detailed level of EC numbers, we built two new time-based benchmarks for comparison with state-of-the-art methods ECPred and DeepEC: the macro-F1 score is respectively improved from 41% to 54% and from 20% to 26%. Finally, we also show that using a simple combination of attention maps is on par with, or better than, other classical interpretability methods on the EC prediction task. More specifically, important residues identified by attention maps tend to correspond to known catalytic sites. Quantitatively, we report a max F-Gain score of 96.05%, while classical interpretability methods reach 91.44% at best.

Availability and implementation
Source code and datasets are respectively available at https://gitlab.inria.fr/nbuton/tfpc and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7253910
Vertical effects of cervical headgear in growing patients with Class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hussain Umar , Shah Ahsan Memood , Rabi Fazli , Campobasso Alessandra , Papageorgiou Spyridon N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Cervical headgear (cHG) has been shown to be effective in Class II correction both with dental and orthopaedic effects but has traditionally been associated with vertical adverse effects in terms of posterior mandibular rotation.

Objective
To assess the treatment effects of cHG treatment in the vertical dimension.

Search methods
Unrestricted literature search of five databases up to May 2023.

Selection criteria
Randomized/non-randomized clinical studies comparing cHG to untreated controls, high-pull headgear (hp-HG), cHG adjuncts, or other Class II treatment alternatives (functional appliances or distalisers).

Data collection and analysis
After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment according to Cochrane, random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD)/standardized mean diffences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by meta-regressions, sensitivity analyses, and assessment of certainty on existed evidence.

Results
Two randomized/16 non-randomized studies (12 retrospective/4 prospective) involving 1094 patients (mean age 10.9 years and 46% male) were included. Compared to natural growth, cHG treatment was not associated on average with increases in mandibular (eight studies; SMD 0.22; 95% CI −0.06, 0.49; P = 0.11) or maxillary plane angle (seven studies; SMD 0.81; 95% CI −0.34, 1.95; P=0.14). Observed changes translate to MDs of 0.48° (95% CI −0.13, 1.07°) and 1.22° (95% CI −0.51, 2.94°) in the SN-ML and SN-NL angles, respectively. No significant differences were seen in y-axis, facial axis angle, or posterior face height (P &gt; 0.05). Similarly, no significant differences were found between cHG treatment and (i) addition of a lower utility arch, (ii) hp-HG treatment, and (iii) removable functional appliance treatment (P &gt; 0.05 for all). Meta-regressions of patient age, sex, or duration and sensitivity analyses showed relative robustness, while our confidence in these estimates was low to very low due to the risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision.

Conclusions
cHG on average is not consistently associated with posterior rotation of the jaws or a consistent increase in vertical facial dimensions among Class II patients.

Registration
PROSPERO registration (CRD42022374603).
An isolated subcutaneous paraspinal pseudo-tumor—more to it than meets the eye—a case report and review of literature
Authors: Keny Swapnil , Modi Nihar , Keny Aryan , Gokhale Nikhil , Yadav Saurabh , Azad Kalpana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A 4-year-old male child presented to us with a paraspinal pseudo-tumor over the mid-back region with pain being his only symptom. On initial ultrasonography, it was presumed to be a nerve sheath tumor, but on an excision biopsy and histopathology, it proved to be a subcutaneous cysticercosis. Furthermore, an MRI of the brain showed a ring enhancing lesion with vasogenic edema, which confirmed the diagnosis of a neurologically symptomless neurocysticercosis. We treated the patient with albendazole and a short course of dexamethasone. There was complete resolution of the painful subcutaneous swelling, and the patient remained neurologically symptomless at all subsequent follow-ups. Resolution of the brain lesions was seen in the 6-month MRI follow-up. Although rare, orthopedic surgeons should consider the possibility of parasitic infections when dealing with small near-asymptomatic soft tissue paraspinal swellings of uncertain etiology. A thorough investigation in such cases can be lifesaving.
Gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis to the rectum causing complete obstruction, a case report
Authors: Bolliet Marine , Green Mary , Damadi Amir 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The most common sites of metastases are the liver, peritoneum, lungs, and bones. Cases have been described in the colon and rectum, but are very rare. This case report describes a patient in remission from diffuse signet ring cell type gastric adenocarcinoma with resection and chemoradiation close to 10 years prior to presenting with a near-obstructing rectal mass that was consistent with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric cancer spreads via hematogenous, lymphatic, peritoneal seeding, or local recurrence pathways. Given the length of time between initial presentation and eventual metastasis, the theory of dormancy is discussed and proposed as a possible cause in the delay of metastasis to the rectum. This highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for recurrence and metastasis in a patient with a history of gastric cancer, who presents with a new obstructing rectal mass.
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: a case report of a rare case in an adult patient
Authors: Marques Ana M , Fontinha Guilherme , Ferreira Maria João , Sá Milene , Constantino Júlio , Pereira Jorge 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is a rare primary mesenchymal hepatic tumor that usually occurs in pediatric patients. In adulthood, this aggressive neoplasm represents only 7% of the liver sarcomas. This case reports a liver sarcoma occurring in a 49-year-old female patient. The patient was admitted in the emergency room with abdominal pain. Computerized tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a giant lobulated cystic mass in the right hepatic lobe, suggesting an atypical hemangioma. Right hepatectomy was performed. This rare case promotes a review of the differential diagnosis of liver primary neoplasms including sarcoma. The histological examination revealed an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, our patient is in complete sustained remission 4 years after chemotherapy.
Follicular thyroid carcinoma within a struma ovarii: a case report
Authors: Almnashef Rasha , Menchaf Ruba , Idres Fatima A , Aljammal Ghina , Mansour Marah , Farho Mohamad Ali , Ibrahim Zain A , Abbassi Haitham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Struma ovarii comprises 1% of all ovarian tumors and 3% of ovarian teratomas. It occurs in older females. Struma ovarii is often asymptomatic, unilateral, and accidentally detected through abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography. It presents with palpable abdominal pain or irregular menstrual cycles. Generally, it is treated with surgical resection, even though the best procedure in these cases remains under discussion. In this study, we present a case of a 28-year-old female with severe pain in the right iliac fossa. Physical examination and radiological images showed a large mass. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with omentectomy, a total mass resection, and an abdominal hysterectomy were performed. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a follicular thyroid tumor. The management decision is based on clinical and pathological data. This is particularly challenging due to its rarity and the insufficient guidelines regarding the management of this type of cancer.
Pediatric laryngeal schwannoma: a case report
Authors: Hamam Yaser A , Alqeeq Basel F , Hamam Mohammed , Abuhelal Ahmed M , Saqer Saleh A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. They mostly occur in the head and neck region but are rare in the larynx, and present with various symptoms. Surgical removal is the recommended treatment. This study presents a 12-year-old female with sudden onset hemoptysis, snoring, difficulty breathing, dysphagia, and voice changes. On examination, she was conscious and had muffled voice while speaking, without signs of respiratory distress. Endoscopic laryngoscopy revealed a large laryngeal mass obstructing the vocal cords. Endoscopic excision and biopsy confirmed the presence of the laryngeal schwannoma. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with normal vocal cord function and no recurrence at follow-up.
A feasibility randomized controlled trial testing the use of indocyanine green fluorescence image-guidance in liver surgery compared to standard liver surgery alone in reducing microscopic positive tumor margin resection rate with an embedded qualitative study: the I-FIGS study protocol
Authors: Karmarkar Rahi , Latour Jos , Hosking Joanne , Jayaraj Pavith , Aroori Somaiah 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Indocyanine green fluorescence image-guidance (I-FIGS) is gaining global popularity in liver surgery for various applications. However, its true clinical value in reducing microscopic positive margins (R1-resection rate) remains uncertain. To address this, a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing I-FIGS with standard liver surgery is needed. However, due to a lack of essential information on potential R1 reduction rate, sample size, methodology, intervention delivery and patient experience, a feasibility RCT protocol has been developed to determine the viability of conducting a full-scale RCT. The aim of the study is to conduct a feasibility RCT (fRCT) with an embedded qualitative study to gather all the necessary information for a full-scale RCT. Adult patients undergoing elective liver surgery for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLMs), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or peripheral cholangiocarcinoma will be eligible for the study. Forty patients will be randomly assigned to either the control group (standard liver surgery) or the intervention group (standard liver surgery + I-FIGS). Patients in the I-FIGS group will receive intravenous injection of 0.03–0.05 mg/kg indocyanine green (ICG) dye 2–4 hours before the surgery. Data will be collected on demographics, screening, recruitment and retention rates, adherence to study methods, intraoperative details, postoperative histology, and experiences of both surgeons and patients. Interviews will be conducted with selected patients and surgeons to explore their experiences with the intervention. The protocol has been approved by the West-Midlands-Solihull Research Ethics Committee and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05616039). The results will be disseminated through academic publications, congresses, newsletters and other platforms.
The Charge of God: Laudato Si’ read through Chesterton, Wordsworth, and Hopkins
Authors: Hurley Michael D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
G. K. Chesterton, William Wordsworth, and Gerard Manley Hopkins are set in conversation with Pope Francis’s Laudato Si’ (2015), to show how far those writers anticipate its animus against technocratic capitalism, but also, more surprisingly, how far Laudato Si’ challenges the progressive assumptions of contemporary eco-activism. Chesterton, Wordsworth, and Hopkins do not merely foreshadow and clarify the theological stakes of a papal document. By making even single words expressive of a whole worldview (achieving what William Empson called a ‘compacted doctrine’), their writings prove more imaginatively affective, as well as more theologically adequate than the communicative formalities available to the theological treatise as a genre.
Rotational excitation of interstellar benzonitrile by helium atoms
Authors: Ben Khalifa M , Loreau J 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Interstellar aromatic molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic nitrogen and oxygen bearing molecules are thought to be abundant in the interstellar medium (ISM). In this class of molecules, benzonitrile (c-C6H5CN) plays an important role as a proxy for benzene. It has been detected through rotational emission in several astrophysical sources and is one of the simplest N-bearing polar aromatic molecules. Even in the cold ISM, the population of the rotational levels of benzonitrile might not be at equilibrium. Consequently, modelling its detected emission lines requires a prior computation of its quenching rate coefficients by the most abundant species in the ISM (He or H2). In this paper, we focus on the excitation of c-C6H5CN by collision with He. We compute the first potential energy surface (PES) using the explicitly correlated coupled cluster method in conjunction with large basis sets. The PES obtained is characterized by a potential well depth of −97.2 cm−1 and an important anisotropy. Scattering computations of the rotational (de-)excitation of c-C6H5CN by He atoms are performed by means of the coupled states approximation that allow to obtain collisional rates for rotational states up to j = 9 and temperatures up to 40 K. These rate coefficients are then used to examine the effect of C6H5CN excitation induced by collisions with para-H2 in molecular clouds by carrying out simple radiative transfer calculations of the excitation temperatures and show that non-equilibrium effects can be expected for H2 densities up to 105–106 cm−3.
Quasi-periodic oscillations during magnetar giant flares in the strangeon star model
Authors: Li Hong-Bo , Kang Yacheng , Hu Zexin , Shao Lijing , Xia Cheng-Jun , Xu Ren-Xin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are widely understood as slowly rotating isolated neutron stars. Their generally large spin-down rates, high magnetic fields, and strong outburst energies render them different from ordinary pulsars. In a few giant flares (GFs) and short bursts of SGRs, high-confidence quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) were observed. Although remaining an open question, many theoretical studies suggest that the torsional oscillations caused by starquakes could explain QPOs. Motivated by this scenario, we systematically investigate torsional oscillation frequencies based on the strangeon star (SS) model with various values of harmonic indices and overtones. To characterize the strong-repulsive interaction at short distances and the non-relativistic nature of strangeons, a phenomenological Lennard–Jones model is adopted. We show that, attributing to the large shear modulus of SSs, our results explain well the high-frequency QPOs (≳150 Hz) during the GFs. The low-frequency QPOs (≲150 Hz) can also be interpreted when the ocean–crust interface modes are included. We also discuss possible effects of the magnetic field on the torsional mode frequencies. Considering realistic models with general-relativistic corrections and magnetic fields, we further calculate torsional oscillation frequencies for quark stars. We show that it would be difficult for quark stars to explain all QPOs in GFs. Our work advances the understanding of the nature of QPOs and magnetar asteroseismology.
The localization of galaxy groups in close proximity to galaxy clusters using cosmic web nodes
Authors: Cornwell Daniel J , Kuchner Ulrike , Gray Meghan E , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Pearce Frazer R , Cui Weiguang , Knebe Alexander 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the efficacy of using the cosmic web nodes identified by the DisPerSE topological filament finder to systematically identify galaxy groups in the infall regions around massive clusters. The large random motions and infall velocities of galaxies in the regions around clusters complicate the detection and characterisation of substructures through normal group-finding algorithms. Yet understanding the co-location of galaxies within filaments and/or groups is a key part of understanding the role of environment on galaxy evolution, particularly in light of next-generation wide-field spectroscopic surveys. Here we use simulated massive clusters from TheThreeHundred collaboration and compare the derived group catalogues, (haloes with σv &gt; 300 h−1 km s−1) with the critical points from DisPerSE, ran on haloes with more than 100 particles. We find that in 3D, 56 per cent of DisPerSE nodes are correctly identified as groups (purity) while 68 per cent of groups are identified as nodes (completeness). The fraction of matches increases with group mass and with distance from the host cluster centre. This rises to a completeness of 100 per cent for the most massive galaxy groups (M &gt; 1014 M⊙) in 3D, or 63 per cent when considering the projected 2D galaxy distribution. When a perfect match occurs between a cosmic web node and a galaxy group, the DisPerSE node density (δ) serves as an estimate of the group’s mass, albeit with significant scatter. We conclude that the use of a cosmic filament finder shows promise as a useful and straightforward observational tool for disentangling substructure within the infall regions of massive clusters.
The acoustic size of the Sun
Authors: Takata M , Gough D O 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Analysis of f-mode frequencies has provided a measure of the radius of the Sun which is lower, by a few hundredths per cent, than the photospheric radius determined by direct optical measurement. Part of this difference can be understood by recognizing that it is primarily the variation of density well beneath the photosphere of the star that determines the structure of these essentially adiabatic oscillation modes, not some aspect of radiative intensity. In this paper we attempt to shed further light on the matter, by considering a differently defined, and dynamically more robust, seismic radius, namely one determined from p-mode frequencies. This radius is calibrated by the distance from the centre of the Sun to the position in the subphotospheric layers where the first derivative of the density scale height changes essentially discontinuously. We find that radius is more-or-less consistent with what is suggested by the f modes. In addition, the interpretation of the radius inferred from p modes leads us to understand more deeply the role of the total mass constraint in the structure inversions. This enables us to reinterpret the sound-speed inversion, suggesting that the positions of the photosphere and the adiabatically stratified layers in the convective envelope differ non-homologously from those of the standard solar model.