bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiomics blueprint of PANoptosis in deciphering immune characteristics and prognosis stratification of glioma patients
Authors: Chen Maohua , Huang Min , Chen Xiaoxiang , Lin Xiaoyu , Chen Xianglin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, glioma accounts for the majority of all central nervous system malignant tumors. The concept of PANoptosis is a relatively new, underlining the interconnection and synergy among three distinct pathways: pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis.MethodsWe performed single‐cell annotations of glioma cells and determined crucial signaling pathways through cell chat analysis. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox analyses, we identified a gene set with prognostic values. Our model was validated using independent external cohort. In addition, we employed single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis and xCell analyses to describe the detailed profile of infiltrated immune cells and depicted the gene mutation landscape in the two groups.ResultsWe identified seven distinct cell clusters in glioma samples, including oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), myeloid cells, tumor cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, vascular cells and neuronal cells. We found that myeloid cells showed the highest PANoptosis activity. An intense mutual cell communication pattern between the tumor cells and OPCs and oligodendrocytes was observed. Differentially expressed genes between the high‐PANoptosis and low‐PANoptosis cell groups were obtained, which were enriched to actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion molecules and gamma R‐mediated phagocytosis pathways. We determined a set of five genes of prognostic significance: SAA1, SLPI, DCX, S100A8 and TNR. The prognostic differences between the two groups in the internal and external sets were found to be statistically significant. We found a marked correlation between S100A8 and activated dendritic cell, macrophage, mast cell, myeloid derived suppressor cell and Treg infiltration. Moreover, we have observed a significant increase of PTEN mutation in the high risk (HR) group of glioma patients.ConclusionsIn the present study, we have constructed a prognostic model that is based on the PANoptosis, and we have demonstrated its significant efficacy in stratifying patients with glioma. This innovative prognostic model offers novel insights into precision immune treatments that could be used to combat this disease and improve patient outcomes, thereby providing a new avenue for personalized treatment options.
From 2011 to 2022: The development of pyrazole derivatives through the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Singh Virender , Vaishali  , Kumar Rakesh , Jamra Rahul , Banyal Naveen , Jyoti  
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrazole derivative using α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds has attracted increasing attention of the synthetic organic chemist community. Interestingly, the simplicity of the synthetic method, high reactivity, and ease of incorporating diversity into the desired prototype have contributed a lot toward the exploration of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds by various research groups. Due to the tremendous pharmacological significance of pyrazole derivatives, their synthesis has been one of the leading research frontiers in recent years. As prime examples, sildenafil, zometapin, Celebrex, and rimonabant have been successfully commercialized in the market to treat various life‐challenging diseases. Considering the great profile of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compound in the synthesis of biologically active pyrazole derivatives, this review incorporates contemporary literature (2011–2022) on the synthesis of pyrazole and its derivatives using α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compound as a starting precursor.
Nothing But Stereotypes? Negligible Sex Differences Across Creativity Measures in Science, Arts, and Sports Adolescent High Achievers
Authors: Repeykova Vlada , Toivainen Teemu , Likhanov Maxim , van Broekhoven Kim , Kovas Yulia 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTPrevious research has focused on understanding when, why, and how sex differences in creativity occur, as results vary across samples, measures, and methodologies. In the current study we investigated sex differences in creativity among 984 high achieving adolescents in three expertise areas: Sciences, Arts, and Sports. Eight creativity indicators were analyzed: Alternative uses task (AUT) fluency; creative self‐efficacy (CSE); intraindividual strengths (difference between CSE and AUT Fluency); five self‐reported creativity scales: Self/everyday, scholarly, performance, mechanical/scientific, artistic. The results showed negligible sex differences ( = .01), with females performing better in AUT Fluency and males self‐rating their CSE higher. No sex differences were found in self/everyday, scholarly and performance creativity. Males self‐rated their mechanical/scientific creativity ( = .06) higher than females; while females self‐rated their artistic creativity ( = .02) higher in comparison to males. Our results extend the existing literature by finding negligible sex differences in adolescent expert groups. However, some stereotypical differences emerged, for example, females with Sciences expertise rated their mechanical/scientific creativity lower than males with and even without Sciences expertise. Results call for further investigation into the links between sex differences, expertise, and specific creativity domains.
Carrier–phonon interaction and anharmonic phonon decay in ZnS thin film studied by resonance Raman scattering
Authors: Yaqoob Manzar Mushaf , Iqbal Muhammad Faisal , Wang Deliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResonance Raman scattering was carried out on polycrystalline zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin film. The resonance Raman spectra revealed strong carrier–phonon interaction where longitudinal optical phonon (LO) with overtones up to the fourth order and its combination phonons with transverse acoustic (TA) phonons were observed, namely, nLO + mTA (where n and m are integers). The resonance Raman scattering processes were well explained within the framework of the cascade scattering model. The wavenumber of the LO phonon with increased temperature was dominated by anharmonic phonon decay. Detailed experimental data fittings showed that thermal expansion contribution to the nLO phonon overtones differed from the fundamental LO phonon due to the involvement of the scattering of the LO phonons at the Brillion zone edge. The negative value of the mode‐Grüneisen parameter for the TA phonon slowed down the wavenumber shift of the combination nLO + mTA phonon modes with increasing temperature compared to the nLO phonons. The anharmonic phonon decay of combination nLO + mTA phonons were dominated by anharmonic phonon decay of nLO phonons.
What's new in surgical oncology breast
Authors: Brabender Danielle E. , Klimberg V. Suzanne , Sener Stephen F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIt is on the backdrop of advances in tumor biology and systemic therapy for breast cancer, that progress in locoregional treatment has focused on management of the breast for invasive cancer, imaging for staging and therapeutic decision‐making, and de‐escalation in the management of the axilla.
Targeted screening of inflammatory mediators in spontaneous degenerative disc disease in dogs reveals an upregulation of the tumor necrosis superfamily
Authors: Bitterli Thomas , Schmid David , Ettinger Ladina , Krupkova Olga , Bach Frances C. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Meij Björn P. , Pozzi Antonio , Steffen Frank , Wuertz‐Kozak Karin , Smolders Lucas A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe regulation of inflammatory mediators in the degenerating intervertebral disc (IVD) and corresponding ligamentum flavum (LF) is a topic of emerging interest. The study aimed to investigate the expression of a broad array of inflammatory mediators in the degenerated LF and IVD using a dog model of spontaneous degenerative disc disease (DDD) to determine potential treatment targets.MethodsLF and IVD tissues were collected from 22 normal dogs (Pfirrmann grades I and II) and 18 dogs affected by DDD (Pfirrmann grades III and IV). A qPCR gene array was used to investigate the expression of 80 inflammatory genes for LF and IVD tissues, whereafter targets of interest were investigated in additional tissue samples using qPCR, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry.ResultsTumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) signaling was identified as a regulated pathway in DDD, based on the significant regulation (n‐fold ± SD) of various TNFSF members in the degenerated IVD, including nerve growth factor (NGF; −8 ± 10), CD40LG (464 ± 442), CD70 (341 ± 336), TNFSF Ligand 10 (9 ± 8), and RANKL/TNFSF Ligand 11 (85 ± 74). In contrast, TNFSF genes were not significantly affected in the degenerated LF compared to the control LF. Protein expression of NGF (WB) was significantly upregulated in both the degenerated LF (4.4 ± 0.5) and IVD (11.3 ± 5.6) compared to the control group. RANKL immunopositivity was significantly upregulated in advanced stages of degeneration (Thompson grades IV and V) in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the IVD, but not in the LF.ConclusionsDDD involves a significant upregulation of various TNFSF members, with tissue‐specific expression profiles in LF and IVD tissues. The differential involvement of TNFSF members within multiple spinal tissues from the same individual provides new insights into the inflammatory processes involved in DDD and may provide a basis to formulate hypotheses for the determination of potential treatment targets.
Military exposures and Gulf War illness in veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Boyle Stephen H. , Upchurch Julie , Gifford Elizabeth J. , Redding Thomas S. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Malhotra Deeksha , Press Ashlyn , Sims Kellie J. , Williams Christina D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder of unknown etiology that is believed to be caused by neurotoxicant exposure experienced during deployment to the Gulf War. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) covaries with GWI and is believed to play a role in GWI symptoms. The present study examined the association between self‐reported military exposures and GWI, stratified by PTSD status, in veterans from the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository who were deployed to the Persian Gulf during the war. Participants self‐reported current GWI and PTSD symptoms as well as military exposures (e.g., pyridostigmine [PB] pills, pesticides/insecticides, combat, chemical attacks, and oil well fires) experienced during the Gulf War. Deployed veterans’ (N = 921) GWI status was ascertained using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition. Individuals who met the GWI criteria were stratified by PTSD status, yielding three groups: GWI‐, GWI+/PTSD‐, and GWI+/PTSD+. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, was used to examine associations between GWI/PTSD groups and military exposures. Apart from insect bait use, the GWI+/PTSD+ group had higher odds of reporting military exposures than the GWI+/PTSD‐ group, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15, 95% CI [1.30, 3.56]–aOR = 6.91, 95% CI [3.39, 14.08]. Except for PB pills, the GWI+/PTSD‐ group had a higher likelihood of reporting military exposures than the GWI‐ group, aOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.26, 3.26]–aOR = 4.01, 95% CI [1.57, 10.25]. These findings are consistent with roles for both PTSD and military exposures in the etiology of GWI.
Effect of Testosterone on the Thyroarytenoid Muscle and Lamina Propria of Female Rat Vocal Folds
Authors: Aires Mateus M. , de Oliveira Karine V. G. , do Amaral Jônatas B. , Mônico‐Neto Marcos , Martins João Roberto M. , Santiago Aline L. , De Biase Noemi G. 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of androgen therapy on the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, expression of androgen receptors (ARs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration in the vocal folds (VFs) of adult female rats.MethodsTwenty‐one adult female Wistar rats were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received weekly intramuscular injections of nandrolone decanoate for 9 weeks. Following euthanasia and dissection of the VFs, histomorphometric analysis of the TA muscle, immunohistochemical evaluation of ARs, and measurement of HA concentration using the ELISA‐like fluorimetric method were performed.ResultsThe experimental group exhibited a significantly larger mean fiber cross‐sectional area in the TA muscle compared to the control group (434.3 ± 68.6 μm2 versus 305.7 ± 110.1 μm2; p = 0.029), indicating muscle hypertrophy. There was no significant difference in the number of muscle fibers. The experimental group showed higher expression of ARs in the lamina propria (62.0% ± 30.3% versus 22.0% ± 22.8%; p = 0.046) and in the TA muscle (45.0% ± 22.6% versus 18.3% ± 9.8%; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in the concentration of HA.ConclusionExposure of adult female rats to androgen therapy resulted in hypertrophy of the TA muscle and increased expression of ARs in the VFs. The TA muscle seems to be the primary target of testosterone action in the VF, and the up‐regulation of ARs might contribute to the persistent deepening of the voice.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2316–2321, 2024
Management of positive resection margins following transoral laser microsurgery for glottic cancer
Authors: Khan Usman , MacKay Colin , Rigby Matthew , Trites Jonathan , Corsten Martin , Taylor S. Mark 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe current literature provides limited guidance on the management of positive margins (PMs) following transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Long‐term data exploring the treatment of PMs with both initial observation and re‐resection are limited. Our objective was to determine the optimal treatment for PM patients following TLM for glottic SCC.MethodsClinical information on glottic SCC patients with PMs following treatment with TLM was prospectively collected at our institution from 2007 to 2018. We use a laryngeal template during the initial TLM where the area of resection is outlined for future reference. Data were compared with univariate analysis and survival plots were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 29 patients with PMs were treated with either re‐resection (19 patients), close observation (6 patients), or adjuvant radiation alone (4 patients). Re‐resection patients had SCC or severe dysplasia on initial margin pathology and 23% with early‐stage disease had recurrence (T1–T2). Five (83%) patients who underwent close observation required re‐resection based on clinical suspicion of recurrence (confirmed on final pathology), which was significantly different from the re‐resection patients (p < .05). Close observation was therefore discontinued as a management of PMs. Four patients (21%) had no residual malignancy on re‐resection specimens. Deep margins only accounted for 17% of all PMs. Disease‐specific survival for all PM patients at 5 years was 82.4% (SE 9.6%, CI 53.4%–91.6%).ConclusionsOur long‐term experience with treating early‐stage glottic SCC with TLM supports re‐resection as an appropriate management for cases of PMs.Level of Evidence4.
A new, global optical sediment trap calibration
Authors: Estapa Margaret L. , Durkin Colleen Andrea , Slade Wayne H. , Huffard Christine L. , O'Neill Sean P. , Omand Melissa M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAutonomous sensors for gravitational carbon flux in the ocean are critically needed, because of uncertainties in the projected response of the biological carbon pump (BCP) to climate change, and the proposed, engineered acceleration of the BCP to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean. Optical sediment trap (OST) sensors directly sense fluxes of sinking particles in a manner that is independent of, and complementary to, other autonomous, sensor‐derived estimates of BCP fluxes. However, limited intercalibrations of OSTs with traditional sediment traps and uncharacterized, potential biases have limited their broad adoption. A global field data set spanning three orders of magnitude in carbon flux was compiled and used to develop empirical models predicting particulate organic carbon flux from OST observations, and intercalibrating different sensor designs. These data provided valuable constraints on the uncertainty in the predicted carbon flux and showed a quantitative, theoretically consistent relationship between observations from OSTs with collimated and diffuse optical geometries. While not designed for this purpose, commercial beam transmissometers have been used as OSTs, so two models were developed quantifying the biases arising from the transmissometer's housing geometry and optical beam diameter. Finally, an algorithm for the quality control of beam transmissometer‐derived OST data was optimized using sensitivity tests. The results of this study support the expansion of OST‐based gravitational carbon flux measurements and provide a framework for interpretation of OST measurements alongside other gravitational particle flux observations. These findings also suggest key features that should be included in designs of future, purpose‐built OST sensors.
Photorefraction‐Assisted Self‐Emergence of Dissipative Kerr Solitons
Authors: Wan Shuai , Wang Pi‐Yu , Ma Rui , Wang Zheng‐Yu , Niu Rui , He De‐Yong , Guo Guang‐Can , Bo Fang , Liu Junqiu , Dong Chun‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGenerated in high‐Q optical microresonators, dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs constitute broadband optical frequency combs with chip sizes and repetition rates in the microwave to millimeter‐wave range. For frequency metrology applications such as spectroscopy, optical atomic clocks, and frequency synthesizers, octave‐spanning soliton microcombs generated in dispersion‐optimized microresonators are required, which allow self‐referencing for full frequency stabilization. In addition, field‐deployable applications require the generation of such soliton microcombs to be simple, deterministic, and reproducible. Here, a novel scheme to generate self‐emerging solitons in integrated lithium‐niobate microresonators is demonstrated. The single soliton features a broadband spectral bandwidth with dual dispersive waves, allowing 2f–3f self‐referencing. Via harnessing the photorefractive effect of lithium niobate to significantly extend the soliton existence range, a spontaneous yet deterministic single‐soliton formation is observed. The soliton is immune to external perturbation and can operate continuously for over 13 h without active feedback control. Finally, via integration with a pre‐programmed distributed feedback (DFB) laser, turnkey soliton generation is demonstrated. With further improvement of microresonator Q and hybrid integration with chip‐scale laser chips, compact soliton microcomb devices with electronic actuation can be created, which can become central elements for future LiDAR, microwave photonics, and optical telecommunications.
Nearly Perfect Spin Conversion Based on Topological Singularity in 1D Anisotropic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Liu Yufu , Wang Xianjun , Xiong Langlang , Qi Xingchao , Lai Zhen , Wang Xuezhi , Li Yunlin , Jiang Xunya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough the spin‐controlled vortex generation and photonic spin‐Hall effect of spin‐flipped abnormal mode have been widely studied recently, the traditional method based on the metasurface is difficult to fabricate, and the efficiency of the spin‐flipped abnormal mode is rather low due to process errors and intrinsic material loss. Here, a new method is proposed based on the insights into the topological singularity and special Bragger reflections resonant (BRR) mode of one‐dimensional (1D) finite photonic crystals (PhCs) with anisotropic material to realize nearly perfect (100%) spin‐conversion efficiency. For a finite 1D PhC with cell number N, there are 3N complete spin‐conversion (CSC) and complete spin‐maintained (CSM) channels. Two mechanisms of these CSC and CSM channels are revealed. The working bandwidths and the angular ranges of these CSC and CSM are also studied. Based on these theoretical findings, multi‐angles and multi‐frequencies perfect spin‐conversion (‐maintained) devices can be designed. At last, these theoretical results are confirmed by the numerical experiments based on finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) methods. This work paves the way to exploring the topological properties and polarization control of PhCs made of anisotropic dielectrics and provides a prospective method for the design of multi‐channels spin optical devices.
Robust Type‐II Band Alignment and Stacking‐Controlling Second Harmonic Generation in GaN/ZnO vdW Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Anbing , Qiu Shi , Zhao Luneng , Liu Hongsheng , Zhao Jijun , Gao Junfeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMost traditional 2D materials have small bandgaps, resulting in low laser damage thresholds and limiting their applications in the ultraviolet region. Recently experimentally synthesized 2D GaN and ZnO can be such candidates due to their wide bandgaps, high charge mobilities, and optical transparency. Here, the van der Waals heterostructure GaN/ZnO is predicted that can exhibit both wide bandgap and strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response by compelling simulations. The results show the heterostructure always exhibits type‐II band alignment under all probable stacking configurations. The out‐of‐plane SHG coefficients are up to 90 pm V−1 at 400 nm, comparable to those of MoS2 and MoSe2 and higher than most 3D crystals. Interestingly, the positions are enhanced with localized, symmetric, and stacking‐dependent features in the Brillouin zone. This peculiar momentum space behavior is originated from the relative strength of two distinct mechanisms contributing to the second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) response, that is, a purely interband transition part and a mixed interband‐intraband contribution. Thus, this study proposes that GaN/ZnO heterostructure may be an efficient and high laser damage thresholds (LDTs) NLO material and an interesting platform for studying NLO optical properties.
Controlled Synthesis of a High‐Mobility Bi3O2.5Se2 Semiconductor by Oxidation of Bi2Se3 for Fast and Highly Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Yuyu , Dong Xinyue , Guo Junqing , Gao Zhansheng , Liu Zhaochao , Chen Jiabiao , Zhao Yingtao , Zhou Zhengyang , Yin Jun , Fu Xuewen , Luo Feng , Fu Huixia , Wu Jinxiong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe search of new high‐mobility two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors is crucial for the development of next‐generation photodetectors, since current photodetectors based on single 2D semiconductors usually cannot simultaneously own ultrafast response rate and ultrahigh sensitivity. Here, using a facial method of sequentially oxidizing Bi2Se3 at optimal O content, a series of bismuth oxyselenide semiconductors (Bi3O2.5Se2, Bi2O2Se, Bi2SeO5) with appealing electronic applications are successfully synthesized. The crystal and band structures of a superlattice‐free Bi3O2.5Se2 phase are resolved by 3D electron diffraction and density functional theory calculations, showing a unique non‐neutral layered structure, moderate band gap, and small effective mass. More importantly, the concept of Bi2Se3 + O2 can be extended to synthesize the superlattice‐free Bi3O2.5Se2 ultrathin films by chemical vapor deposition, whose room‐temperature mobility can be as high as ≈150 cm2 V−1 s−1 based on Hall measurements. The ultrathin Bi3O2.5Se2 photodetectors with a simple device configuration simultaneously own ultrafast response time (≈31 µs), ultrahigh responsivity (≈8 × 104 A/W), and large detectivity (≈8 × 1013 Jones). This work not only introduces a facile way to regulate the phase in the bismuth oxyselenide family, but also provides an alternative candidate for ultrafast and ultrasensitive photodetectors.