bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Biology in the Early Years Through Nature Play in the Forest: An Exploratory Study from Slovenia
Authors: Kos Marjanca , Tunnicliffe Sue Dale , Praprotnik Luka , Torkar Gregor 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNature play is defined as freely chosen, unstructured interactions with and in nature. The aim of this study was to find out how nature play provides preschool children with play episodes where they experienced biological phenomena and living organisms. 21 four-to-six-year-old children from a preschool in Slovenia participated in the study. They were told to play in the forest. Their play was observed over four consecutive days, with each session lasting 1 h and a half. Three randomly selected children were equipped each time with small video cameras attached to their heads to automatically record sound and images from their perspective. The recordings were transcribed and edited, independently reviewed and analysed. 12 recordings were analysed, a total of 1167 min. 14.9% of the time was identified as play episodes in which the children experienced biological phenomena. The children paid more attention to animals than plants and fungi. Experiences with observed animals were more emotionally engaging and led to deeper learning about them. Many of the play episodes in which the teachers were invited to join were longer and led to deeper learning. This study has shown the importance of nature play for learning biology in early years.
Museum Guides’ Views on the Integration of the Nature of Science While Addressing Visitors’ Experiences: The Context of Ecological and Evolutionary Issues
Authors: Pshenichny-Mamo Anna , Tsybulsky Dina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA major goal of natural history museums (NHMs) is to shape visitors’ worldviews about science allowing them to learn about the research process, its characteristics, and the people behind it. In this context, developing visitors’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) is an underlying educational objective. To date, little is known about how, if at all, museum guides integrate NOS during guided tours while addressing visitor expriences. The current research attempted to fill this lacuna by studying the views of NHM guides with a focus on tours about ecological and evolutionary topics. The research participants were museum guides (n = 15) working in four NHMs in Israel. The study used a qualitative approach. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews in which the guides were asked to reflect retrospectively on their practices during guided tours. Utilizing the content analysis method, the data were analyzed through the lens of the family resemblance approach to NOS and visitors’ satisfying experiences in museums. The study’s findings revealed that museum guides refer primarily to the visitors’ cognitive experiences while integrating mainly epistemic-cognitive aspects of NOS.
The Power of Procedural Justice in the Planning of Energy Projects
Authors: Anku Nerissa Edem Lawrencia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAn imbalance in power relations between energy sector stakeholders and society fuels the uneven distribution of energy services, evident in the record lower electricity access rates attributed to geographically disadvantaged rural communities globally. The article alludes to the tenet of procedural energy justice, which is concerned with including all social constituencies at all energy decision-making levels and their meaningful engagements to achieve universal energy access. The need for integrating a social component into the present techno-economic approach to electrification planning and the meaningful participation of all stakeholders is emphasised. Furthermore, the article explores the relevance of due process, a social contract for transitioning to renewable energy power, and its potential to bridge the electricity access gap between urban dwellers and rural communities. Also, the paper reinforces calls to deepen the democracy of energy decision-making by establishing a social contract with end-users of energy and frontline communities, considering the unique features of energy technologies and their associated nuances.
International Investor-State Disputes Arbitration Through Energy Justice Lenses: Opening the Case for “Greening Through Free Trade” Narratives
Authors: Santoire Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on international investment arbitration through the lens of energy justice. It unfolds against the backdrop of a growing intersection between international trade, investments, and the urgent need for climate action. Recently, trade and investment agreements have included environmental provisions, but their effectiveness remains controversial. Concurrently, the energy and mining sectors account for a significant 40–50% of the disputes brought before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes each year. In this context, investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) is a particularly controversial instrument and raises strong questions related to its influence on energy governance. The chapter underscores how energy justice can offer a powerful vantage point for evaluating the functioning of ISDS. Then, it argues for the urgent need to reform the architecture of ISDS to bring it into line with the principles of energy justice, in view of considering international investments as an appropriate lever for global energy-climate transitions. This includes a call for improved transparency and active engagement with local actors to redress the procedural, distributive, and restorative imbalances that currently characterise ISDS awards.
Righting the Injustices Within the Nigerian Energy Industry
Authors: Morocco-Clarke Ayodele 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Niger-Delta of Nigeria is the predominant base for Nigeria’s thriving petroleum industry and provides the bulk of the country’s foreign earnings. Due to the relevance of the petroleum industry to the Nigerian economy, the Nigerian government, in a continuous show of weak political will, fails to adequately regulate the industry. The lax enforcement of laws and regulations has resulted in a situation in which there are numerous oil spills yearly, and the flaring of gas is routinely carried out. Consequently, the Niger-Delta region is one of the most polluted areas globally, and the people living within the region bear a disproportionate burden from petroleum production when compared to other areas in the country. On the other hand, the oil-producing areas of the Niger-Delta suffer from energy poverty generally. The thrust of this work is the application and practice of principles of energy justice to the inequitable burdens borne by the Niger-Delta region. This is done by utilising the recognition justice tenet of energy justice to ensure that the plight of those living within close proximity of exploration and production operations are recognised, addressed and injustices rectified.
Empowering Those in Harm’s Way: A Restorative Justice Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Amina Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs countries edge towards low-carbon economies, the challenges posed by energy infrastructure sited in “energy sacrificial zones” highlight the vulnerability of individuals and communities in those areas that cause environmental degradation, limited economic prosperity and impaired well-being. To address this issue, using examples, the usefulness of energy justice through the lens of its restorative justice tenet to articulate responses for a ‘just’ energy system is explored. Anchored on the framing of restorative justice that is a theoretical integration of three concepts—respect, responsibility and remediation, the mitigation approach to addressing injustices is more favoured. Restorative justice in this frame has implications for an enhanced social contract. This encourages early change in behaviour and averts conflict to ensure a just transition. From practice, unbalanced power allocation and unfair regulatory actions are challenges for restorative justice. However, by respecting and empowering these communities for co-created agreeable remedial decisions, the decision-making process can deliver on energy justice.
Einleitung
Authors: Yen Robert , van Driel Cornelie , Schippl Jens , Abendroth Bettina , Fleischer Torsten , Krenn Willibald , Pitzen Constantin , Monheim Heiner 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kap. 1 führt in das Thema automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren (avF) ein und erläutert die wesentlichsten Begriffe. Über die Beschreibung der Automatisierungsstufen (SAE Level 1–5) und die Erläuterung, wie es zu Fahrentscheidungen der automatisierten Fahrzeuge kommt, wird dem Leser vermittelt, dass automatisiertes Fahren stark mit dem Kontext, in dem sich das Fahrzeug bewegt, verbunden ist und somit nur als Teil des Ökosystems Mobilität verstanden werden kann.Das Kap. 1 gibt außerdem einen Einblick in die Entwicklung des automatisierten Fahrens und versucht zudem, einen Ausblick zu geben. Fazit der Beschreibung ist, dass Sharing und Integration von avF die Schlüssel für die Mobilitätswende sind.Damit avF zu einer besseren Mobilität beiträgt, muss dieses in Flotten gemeinsam genutzter Fahrzeuge eingeführt und in öffentliche Verkehrsdienste integriert werden.Exemplarisch wird ein Szenario für die Entwicklung der Mobilität aus der Perspektive einer Kommune mit Zielsetzung Mobilitätswende beschrieben.
Supersymmetric backgrounds in (1 + 1) dimensions and inhomogeneous field theory
Authors: Ho Jeongwon , Kwon O-Kab , Park Sang-A , Yi Sang-Heon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We find a (1 + 1)-dimensional metric solution for a background hosting various supersymmetric field theories with a single non-chiral real supercharge. This supersymmetric background is globally hyperbolic even though it contains a naked null singularity. In this regard, we show that scalar wave propagation on the background is well-defined and so the curvature singularity is a mild one. Taking inspiration from our previous work, we relate the field theory on this curved background to some classes of (1 + 1)-dimensional inhomogeneous field theory in the supersymmetric setup. Utilizing our supersymmetric background, we elucidate the limitations of canonical quantization and highlight the conceptual advantages of the algebraic approach to quantization.
Thermal QCD in a non-uniform magnetic background
Authors: Brandt B. B. , Cuteri F. , Endrődi G. , Markó G. , Sandbote L. , Valois A. D. M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Off-central heavy-ion collisions are known to feature magnetic fields with magnitudes and characteristic gradients corresponding to the scale of the strong interactions. In this work, we employ equilibrium lattice simulations of the underlying theory, QCD, involving similar inhomogeneous magnetic field profiles to achieve a better understanding of this system. We simulate three flavors of dynamical staggered quarks with physical masses at a range of magnetic fields and temperatures, and extrapolate the results to the continuum limit. Analyzing the impact of the field on the quark condensate and the Polyakov loop, we find non-trivial spatial features that render the QCD medium qualitatively different as in the homogeneous setup, especially at temperatures around the transition. In addition, we construct leading-order chiral perturbation theory for the inhomogeneous background and compare its prediction to our lattice results at low temperature. Our findings will be useful to benchmark effective theories and low-energy models of QCD for a better description of peripheral heavy-ion collisions.
Stellenwert der Biopsie in der Diagnostik chronischer Wunden – ein Positionspapier der Initiative Chronische Wunden (ICW) e. V.
Authors: Erfurt-Berge C. , Bültemann A. , Gerber V. , Motzkus M. , Rembe J.-D. , Dissemond J. 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Abklärung chronischer Wunden ist essenziell für die Einleitung einer kausaltherapeutischen Behandlung. Zur diagnostischen Einordnung der Wundgenese kann es erforderlich sein, eine Biopsie zur histologischen und/oder mikrobiologischen Aufarbeitung zu entnehmen. Besteht klinisch Verdacht auf eine spezifische Ursache der Wunde wie eine Neoplasie, eine entzündliche Dermatose oder eine erregerbedingte Wunde, so ist unverzüglich eine Biopsie zur weiteren Diagnostik erforderlich. Zeigt sich unter einer adäquat erscheinenden Kausaltherapie kein zufriedenstellendes Therapieansprechen der Ulzeration, so ist spätestens nach 12 Wochen eine Biopsie zur weiteren Evaluation empfohlen. Die Wahl der richtigen Entnahmetechnik, die weitere Lagerung, der Transport und die Aufarbeitung sind dabei ebenso entscheidend für ein verwertbares Ergebnis wie die möglichst spezifische Fragestellung an das diagnostische Labor.
Die Katzenstreumumie
Authors: Schmidt Verena-Maria , Pallua Johannes Dominikus , Pallua Anton Kasper , Benedikt Stefan , Arora Rohit , Zelger Bettina , Bale Reto , Rabl Walter 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungEs wird der Todesfall einer 90 Jahre alt gewordenen Frau, die mittels Einbettung in Katzenstreu mumifiziert wurde, vorgestellt. Die Frau lebte mit ihrem arbeitslosen Sohn zusammen. Nach ihrem Tod verheimlichte der Sohn ihr Ableben vor den Behörden und konservierte ihre Leiche im Keller mittels Katzenstreu. Mehr als ein Jahr später wurde die mumifizierte Leiche entdeckt. Der Bericht beschreibt die Bergung der Leiche, die bildgebenden Verfahren, die Obduktion, die histologischen Befunde, die Ergebnisse der Toxikologie und die rechtliche Bewertung des Falles.
Pulmonale Befunde in der postmortalen Computertomographie bei COVID-19-assoziierten Todesfällen
Authors: Lutter M. , Kniep I. , Ondruschka B. , Heinemann A. 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt keine größeren Vergleichsstudien zu der Anwendbarkeit etablierter klinisch-diagnostischer Computertomographie (CT)-Kriterien für „Coronavirus Disease 2019“ (COVID-19)-Infektionen auf die postmortale Computertomographie (PMCT).

Methodik
Es wurden 131 PMCT von COVID-19-Verstorbenen im Vergleich mit einer Kontrollgruppe von 39 PMCT „severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2“(SARS-CoV-2)-negativer, bekannt lungenkranker Verstorbener analysiert (morphologische Einzelkriterien, modifizierter Total Severity Score (mTSS), „Covid-19 Reporting and Data System“ (CO-RADS-Score).

Ergebnisse
Milchglastrübungen und Konsolidierungen v. a. in dorsalen Lungenabschnitten dominieren als unspezifische Merkmale das postmortale radiologische Bild. Die in der PMCT abgebildeten oft finalen Krankheitsstadien zeigen erwartungsgemäß hohe mTSS-Scores, weniger peripher orientierte Verteilungsmuster, mehr mediastinale Lymphadenopathien und Pleuraergüsse als klinisch beschriebene Stichproben. Die Spezifität der COVID-19-Diagnose ist in Übereinstimmung mit der Ante-mortem-Radiologie auch in der PMCT niedrig. Im Kontrollgruppenvergleich wurden ein CO-RADS Grad 5 und ein bilateral maximal saumartiger Pleuraerguss als diagnostisch wegweisend für eine COVID-19-Infektion in der PMCT identifiziert.

Diskussion
Postmortale Artefakte stellen eine Limitation der Spezifität der pulmonalen PMCT-Bildmorphologie dar. Ein fehlender relevanter Pleuraerguss stellt sich vor dem Hintergrund einer grundsätzlich postmortal bereits artifiziell möglichen Zunahme der Pleuraflüssigkeit als wertvolles Kriterium eines COVID-19-Befunds dar. In einem rechtsmedizinischen Kontext zeigt sich, dass die PMCT in einer pandemischen Situation mit Lungenmanifestationen als Screening-Tool geeignet sein kann.
Modulating signalling lifetime to optimise a prototypical animal opsin for optogenetic applications
Authors: Rodgers Jessica , Wright Phillip , Ballister Edward R. , Hughes Rebecca B. , Storchi Riccardo , Wynne Jonathan , Martial Franck P. , Lucas Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnimal opsins are light activated G-protein-coupled receptors, capable of optogenetic control of G-protein signalling for research or therapeutic applications. Animal opsins offer excellent photosensitivity, but their temporal resolution can be limited by long photoresponse duration when expressed outside their native cellular environment. Here, we explore methods for addressing this limitation for a prototypical animal opsin (human rod opsin) in HEK293T cells. We find that the application of the canonical rhodopsin kinase (GRK1)/visual arrestin signal termination mechanism to this problem is complicated by a generalised suppressive effect of GRK1 expression. This attenuation can be overcome using phosphorylation-independent mutants of arrestin, especially when these are tethered to the opsin protein. We further show that point mutations targeting the Schiff base stability of the opsin can also reduce signalling lifetime. Finally, we apply one such mutation (E122Q) to improve the temporal fidelity of restored visual responses following ectopic opsin expression in the inner retina of a mouse model of retinal degeneration (rd1). Our results reveal that these two strategies (targeting either arrestin binding or Schiff-base hydrolysis) can produce more time-delimited opsin signalling under heterologous expression and establish the potential of this approach to improve optogenetic performance.
Rewiring the future: drugs abused in adolescence may predispose to mental illness in adult life by altering dopamine axon growth
Authors: Avramescu Radu Gabriel , Hernandez Giovanni , Flores Cecilia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdolescence is a period of increased exploration and novelty-seeking, which includes new social behaviors, as well as drug experimentation, often spurred on by peer pressure. This is unfortunate, as the immature state of the adolescent brain makes it particularly susceptible to the negative developmental impact of drug use. During adolescence, dopamine terminals, which have migrated from the ventral tegmental area, pause in the nucleus accumbens, before segregating by either forming local connections or growing towards the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This developmentally late and lengthy process renders adolescent dopamine axon pathfinding vulnerable to disruption by substance use. Indeed, exposure to stimulant drugs in adolescent male mice, but not females, triggers dopamine axons to mistarget the nucleus accumbens and to grow ectopically to the PFC. Some evidence suggests that at this novel site, the functional organization of the ectopic dopamine axons mirrors that of the intended target. The structural rewiring dysregulates local synaptic connectivity, leading to poor impulse control ability, deficits of which are a core symptom of substance-use disorders. In the present commentary, we argue that different substances of abuse induce dopamine mistargeting events with the off-target trajectory prescribed by the type of drug, leading to psychiatric outcomes later in life.
Quality of life in a Palestinian population during the pandemic age: the role of mental health, fear of Covid-19, and vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Veronese Guido , El-Khodary Basel , Diab Marwan , Mahamid Fayez , Bdier Dana , Ismail Anas , Cavazzoni Federica 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aim
Two years after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, extensive research has documented its profound impact on the quality of life and mental health of millions of people worldwide. However, there remains a need to explore the relationships between people’s mental health, their fear of Covid-19, and vaccine hesitancy, as well as their impact on populations living with marginalization, in poverty, and under military violence. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between mental health, hesitancy to the vaccine, and fear of Covid-19 within the Palestinian population.

Subject and methods
The study included a sample of 1122 participants, of which 772 (68.8%) were women, residing in the West Bank, Gaza, East Jerusalem, and Israel. The Fear of Covid-19 Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, The Covid-19 Vaccines Acceptance scale, and the World Healh Organization Quality of Life were administered.

Results
Our findings revealed an inverse correlation between participants’ quality of life and their fear of Covid-19. Additionally, higher levels of fear of Covid-19 were associated with increased levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion
The study provides valuable insight that can guide the development of interventions aimed at supporting the well-being and mental health of the Palestinian population.
Empirical and Numerical Modelling of Gas–Gas Diffusion for Binary Hydrogen–Methane Systems at Underground Gas Storage Conditions
Authors: Hogeweg Sebastian , Michelsen Julia , Hagemann Birger , Ganzer Leonhard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe physical process in which a substance moves from a location with a higher concentration to a location with a lower concentration is known as molecular diffusion. It plays a crucial role during the mixing process between different gases in porous media. Due to the petrophysical properties of the porous medium, the diffusion process occurs slower than in bulk, and the overall process is also affected by thermodynamic conditions. The complexity of measuring gas–gas diffusion in porous media at increased pressure and temperature resulted in significant gaps in data availability for modelling this process. Therefore, correlations for ambient conditions and simplified diffusivity models have been used for modelling purposes. In this study, correlations in dependency of petrophysical and thermodynamic properties were developed based on more than 30 measurements of the molecular diffusion of the binary system hydrogen–methane in gas storage rock samples at typical subsurface conditions. It allows reproducing the laboratory observations by evaluating the bulk diffusion coefficient and the tortuosity factor with relative errors of less than 50 % with minor exceptions, leading to a strong improvement compared to existing correlations. The developed correlation was implemented in the open-source simulator DuMux and the implementation was validated by reproducing the measurement results. The validated implementation in DuMux allows to model scenarios such as Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) on a field-scale and, as a result, can be used to estimate the temporary loss of hydrogen into the cushion gas and the purity of withdrawn gas due to the gas–gas mixing process.