bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel exonic μ‐opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphisms not associated with opioid dependence
Authors: Smith Rachel J. , Doyle Glenn A. , Han Angela M. , Crowley James J. , Oslin David W. , Patkar Ashwin A. , Mannelli Paolo , DeMaria Peter A. , O'Brien Charles P. , Berrettini Wade H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe μ‐opioid receptor (MOR) mediates reward and dependence associated with opioids and other commonly abused substances. Variability in the MOR gene, OPRM1, may influence risk for opioid dependence. In this study, associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), dbSNP rs540825 and dbSNP rs562859, and opioid dependence were investigated. The two SNPs are located in the protein coding region of the novel exon X of an alternative splice variant of OPRM1, and can be detected using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) methods. Genotyping at the two SNPs was performed for 170 severe opioid dependent individuals and 128 carefully screened controls. Although no differences were found between cases and controls, there were significant prevalence differences between African‐American (AA) subjects and European‐American (EA) subjects for SNP 540825 allele and genotype frequencies. The 540825 and 562859 polymorphisms were found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) for both ethnic groups, and LD existed between the 562859 SNP and the A−1320G SNP in the promoter region of OPRM1 in AAs, based on genotyping data previously carried out on the same subjects. LD between these two markers, separated by 55 kb, links the entire distance studied in this project. The results indicate that polymorphisms in the novel splice variant are not associated with opioid dependence, but are in LD with other polymorphisms in OPRM1. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joint multi‐population analysis for genetic linkage of bipolar disorder or “wellness” to chromosome 4p
Authors: Visscher P.M. , Haley C.S. , Ewald H. , Mors O. , Egeland J. , Thiel B. , Ginns E. , Muir W. , Blackwood D.H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that the same genetic loci confer susceptibility to, or protection from, disease in different populations, and that a combined analysis would improve the map resolution of a common susceptibility locus, we analyzed data from three studies that had reported linkage to bipolar disorder in a small region on chromosome 4p. Data sets comprised phenotypic information and genetic marker data on Scottish, Danish, and USA extended pedigrees. Across the three data sets, 913 individuals appeared in the pedigrees, 462 were classified, either as unaffected (323) or affected (139) with unipolar or bipolar disorder. A consensus linkage map was created from 14 microsatellite markers in a 33 cM region. Phenotypic and genetic data were analyzed using a variance component (VC) and allele sharing method. All previously reported elevated test statistics in the region were confirmed with one or both analysis methods, indicating the presence of one or more susceptibility genes to bipolar disorder in the three populations in the studied chromosome segment. When the results from both the VC and allele sharing method were considered, there was strong evidence for a susceptibility locus in the data from Scotland, some evidence in the data from Denmark and relatively less evidence in the data from the USA. The test statistics from the Scottish data set dominated the test statistics from the other studies, and no improved map resolution for a putative genetic locus underlying susceptibility in all three studies was obtained. Studies reporting linkage to the same region require careful scrutiny and preferably joint or meta analysis on the same basis in order to ensure that the results are truly comparable. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of a polyurethane/clay nanocomposite used as coating: Interactions between the counterions of clay and the isocyanate and incidence on the nanocomposite structure
Authors: Solarski S. , Benali S. , Rochery M. , Devaux E. , Alexandre M. , Monteverde F. , Dubois P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe use of nanocomposites in textile applications, and in particular of polyurethane (PU) coatings reinforced by various additives [clay and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)], has grown in recent years. Some interesting results have been obtained, especially with Cloisite 30B (a montmorillonite organo‐modified by an alkyl ammonium cation bearing two primary hydroxyl functions): the thermal behavior and the reaction to fire were improved, but the structure (microcomposite, exfoliated, intercalated) was not really determined. This study focuses on polyurethane coatings reinforced with Cloisite 30B. The interactions between the diisocyanate and the counterions of Cloisite 30B and the structure obtained were demonstrated and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 238–244, 2005
The effects of chemical structure and synthesis method on photodegradation of polypropylene
Authors: Tang Longxiang , Wu Qianghua , Qu Baojun 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe effects of chemical structure and synthesis method on the photodegradation behavior of polypropylene (PP) were investigated in injection‐molded samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) at 60°C. For this purpose, three PP samples with different chemical structures were chosen: two homopolymerized PP samples (H1P, synthesized by bulk polymerization; whereas H2P was synthesized by Ziegler–Natta catalyst) and copolymerized PP sample (CP). The photodegradation was characterized by melt flow rate and mechanical properties and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that CP possesses the most superior resistance to UV‐irradiation, followed by H2P and then H1P, which indicates that copolymerization with a small amount of ethylene monomer is an effective approach to obtain high stability of PP to UV‐irradiation, and synthesis methods of PP play an important role in the resistance to UV‐irradiation. Moreover, the effect of photodegradation on the thermal behaviors of H2P was also investigated using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 270–279, 2005
Polypropylene degradation control during reactive extrusion
Authors: Pong Sheng‐Hong , Lu Chuan‐Pin , Wang Ming‐Chih , Chiu Shih‐Hsuan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIn this work, a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control scheme with two different tuning methods to control the degree of degradation of polypropylene (PP) during reactive extrusion is proposed. The concentration of dicumyl peroxide is taken as the manipulated variable. The molten viscosity of PP under processing is taken as the controlled variable. The degree of degradation is determined by a viscosity function derived by an off‐line identification. A first‐order‐plus‐time‐delay empirical model is identified to simulate the system plant. Both Ziegler–Nichols tuned PID and internal model control (IMC)‐based PID controllers are implemented on the system. Better performances in settling time and precision can be achieved using the IMC‐based PID controller. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 280–289, 2005
Synthesis and properties of fluorinated polyamideimides with high solubility
Authors: Tsay Sun‐Yuan , Tsai Meng‐Feng , Chen Bor‐Kuan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA series of fluorinated polyamideimides (PAIs) were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of a novel diimide‐diacid, 1,4‐bis(trimellitimido‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy) benzene (BTTFB), with aromatic diamines by using triphenyl phosphite (TPP) and pyridine as condensation agents in a medium consisting of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and CaCl2. Most of the resulting polymers showed an amorphous nature. All the fluorinated PAIs were readily soluble in a variety of organic solvents such as NMP, N,N‐dimethyl acetamide, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide and could even be dissolved in less polar solvents such as THF and m‐cresol. The PAIs had inherent viscosities of 0.77–0.93 dL/g, depending on the diamines. All the soluble PAIs afforded transparent, flexible, and tough films that exhibited excellent thermal stability, good mechanical properties, and low moisture absorption. The glass transition temperatures of these PAIs ranged from 244 to 272°C and the 5% weight loss temperatures were >525°C in nitrogen. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 321–327, 2005
Photooxidation of Pterin in Aqueous Solutions: Biological and Biomedical Implications
Authors: Cabrerizo Franco M. , Dántola María L. , Thomas Andrés H. , Lorente Carolina , Braun André M. , Oliveros Esther , Capparelli Alberto L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractStudies of the photochemical reactivity of pterin (=2‐aminopteridin‐4(3H)‐one; PT) in acidic (pH 5.0–6.0) and alkaline (pH 10.2–10.8) aqueous solutions have been performed. The photochemical reactions were followed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and an enzymatic method for H2O2 determination. PT is not light‐sensitive in the absence of molecular oxygen, but it undergoes photooxidation in the presence of O2, yielding several nonpteridinic products. The quantum yields for PT disappearance were found to be 8.2 (±0.6)×10−4 and 1.2 (±0.2)×10−3 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. H2O2 was detected and quantified in irradiated solutions of PT; and its importance from a biomedical point of view is discussed. The rate constant of the chemical reaction between singlet oxygen (1O2) and PT was determined to be 2.5 (±0.2)×105 l mol−1 s−1 in alkaline medium, and the role of 1O2 in the photooxidation of pterin was evaluated.
No Title
Authors: Votano Joseph R. , Parham Marc , Hall Lowell H. , Kier Lemont B. , Hall L. Mark 
Published: November 2004

AbstractSeveral QSPR models were developed for predicting intrinsic aqueous solubility, So. A data set of 5,964 neutral compounds was sub‐divided into two classes, aromatic and non‐aromatic compounds. Three models were created with different methods on both data sets: two regression models (multiple linear regression and partial least squares) and an artificial neural network model. These models were based on 3343 aromatic and 1674 non‐aromatic compounds for training sets; 938 compounds were used in external validation testing. The range in −log So is −1.6 to 10. Topological structure descriptors were used with all models. A genetic algorithm was used for descriptor selection for regression models. For the artificial neural network (ANN) model, descriptor selection was done with a backward elimination process. All models performed well with r2 values ranging 0.72 to 0.84 in external validation testing. The mean absolute errors in validation ranged from 0.44 to 0.80 for the classes of compounds for all the models. These statistical results indicate a sound ANN model. Furthermore, in a comparison with eight other available models, based on predictions using a validation test set (442 compounds), the artificial neural network model presented in this work (CSLogWS) was clearly superior based on both the mean absolute error and the percentage of residuals less than one log unit. In the ANN model both E‐State and hydrogen E‐State descriptors were found to be important.
Balloon crush: Treatment of bifurcation lesions using the crush stenting technique as adapted for transradial approach of percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lim Pitt O. , Džavík Vladimír 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe recent advent of drug‐eluting stents has allowed the crush stenting technique to be adopted, thus simplifying the treatment of bifurcation coronary artery lesions. However, this can only be achieved in 7 Fr or greater guiding catheters, hence precluding most transradial percutaneous coronary interventions that are usually undertaken using 6 Fr or less guiding catheters. We assessed the feasibility of balloon stent crush as a stepwise procedure in achieving bifurcation crush stenting in 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary interventions. Since it is not possible to place two stents through a 6 Fr guiding catheter, we have adapted the crush stenting technique by initially placing a stent in the side branch and a balloon in the main vessel. The side branch stent is then deployed against the main vessel balloon that is later inflated, crushing the side branch stent within the main vessel. The main vessel is then stented and the side branch recrossed for kissing inflations. Seven patients (five males; age range, 47–78 years) with bifurcation lesions were treated using the above‐described technique without major complications. Balloon crush of the side branch stent were successfully achieved in all cases without balloon trapping. In six cases where side branch recrossing was attempted, all were successful and kissing balloon inflations were undertaken in five cases. We have demonstrated that the modified crush stenting technique is feasible and can be safely adapted for use in a 6 Fr transradial percutaneous coronary intervention approach. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:412–416. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of suture‐mediated vascular closure devices for the management of femoral vein access after transcatheter procedures
Authors: Shaw James A. , Dewire Elizabeth , Nugent Alan , Eisenhauer Andrew C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractGroin complications remain the most common complication of cardiac catheterization procedures. While the use of closure devices is increasing for arterial sheaths, venous sheaths tend to be removed and hemostasis achieved with manual compression. We report our experience using Perclose suture‐mediated vascular closure device to achieve hemostasis and early mobility in patients who have had venous access as part of their procedure. There were a total of 42 patients (21 males; average age, 63.5 years) studied. The majority of the patients had 7 Fr sheaths (24), with access sites of sheaths up to 14 Fr being closed with this technique. Two patients developed complications at the access site: one patient requiring rehospitalization for intravenous antibiotics because of late access site infection, and one patient with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. We conclude that the use of the Perclose suture‐mediated closure device for closure of femoral venous access sites is feasible and should be considered especially in patients with larger venous sheaths and those at increased risk of groin complications. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:439–443. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erosion of Amplatzer septal occluder device after closure of secundum atrial septal defects: Review of registry of complications and recommendations to minimize future risk
Authors: Amin Zahid , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Bass John L. , Cheatham John P. , Hellenbrand William E. , Kleinman Charles S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to identify possible risk factors that may lead to erosion of the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) and recommend ways to minimize future risk. There have been rare occurrences of adverse events with development of pericardial effusion after ASO placement. Identification of high‐risk cases, early recognition, and prompt intervention may minimize the future risks of adverse events. In all patients who developed hemodynamic compromise after ASO placement, echocardiograms (pre‐, intra‐, and postprocedure), atrial septal defect (ASD) size (nonstretched, stretched), size of the device used, cineangiograms, and operative records were reviewed by a panel selected by AGA Medical Corporation. The findings were compared to the premarket approval data obtained from FDA‐approved clinical trials that were conducted in the United States, before the device was approved. A total of 28 cases (14 in United States) of adverse events were reported to AGA Medical. All erosions occurred at the dome of the atria, near the aortic root. Deficient aortic rim was seen in 89% and the defect described as high ASD, suggesting deficient superior rim. The device to unstretched ASD ratio was significantly larger in the adverse event group when compared to the FDA trial group. The incidence of device erosion in the United States was 0.1%. The risk of device erosion with ASO is low and complications can be decreased by identifying high‐risk patients and following them closely. Patients with deficient aortic rim and/or superior rim may be at higher risk for device erosion. Oversized ASO may increase the risk of erosion. The defect should not be overstretched during balloon sizing. Patients with small pericardial effusion at 24 hr should have closer follow‐up.Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:496–502. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid stenting for symptomatic radiation‐induced arteritis complicated by recurrent aneurysm formation
Authors: Bates Mark C. , Almehmi Ammar 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe describe a 56‐year‐old male who underwent successful carotid stenting (CS) with adjuvant distal protection in response to symptomatic radiation‐induced carotid disease. During the CS procedure, it was incidentally noted that the lesion yield pressure was surprisingly low (2 atm). The patient returned with local symptoms from common carotid aneurysmal dilation at the proximal edge of the stent that was successfully treated with a stent graft. A second aneurysm developed proximal to the stent graft and, based on intravascular ultrasound mapping, he ultimately underwent venous bypass covered by a free‐muscle graft. We believe the low lesion yield pressure in this case reflected loss of vessel integrity and it may be prudent to avoid oversizing the stent in such patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:507–511. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of conquest guidewire for retrieval of an entrapped rotablator burr
Authors: Hyogo Masayuki , Inoue Naoto , Nakamura Reo , Tokura Takaomi , Matsuo Akiko , Inoue Keiji , Tanaka Tetsuya , Fujita Hiroshi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe experienced an entrapped rotablator burr that could not be retrieved even by deep seating of the guiding catheter. We successfully retrieved the burr by balloon inflation after the tapered tip of a Conquest wire managed to penetrate the quite hard plaque and pass through the outer lumen of the burr. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:469–472. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term clinical and angiographic outcome of patients with occlusive in‐stent restenosis treated with (32P) β‐brachytherapy
Authors: Ortolani Paolo , Marzocchi Antonio , Aquilina Matteo , Gaiba William , Neri Stefano , Bunkheila Feisal , Lombardo Enzo , Pini Stefania , Marrozzini Cinzia , Palmerini Tullio , Taglieri Nevio , Sbarzaglia Paolo , Reggiani Maria Letizia Bacchi , Barbieri Enza , Branzi Angelo 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of 32P β‐brachytherapy in totally occlusive in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Patients with occlusive ISR were generally excluded from the randomized clinical trials on intracoronary brachytherapy (utilizing either γ‐ or β‐sources) that have shown reductions in restenosis rate and need for revascularization procedures. We analyzed short‐ and long‐term effects of 32P β‐brachytherapy (20 Gy) in 27 patients (28 lesions) with occlusive ISR and 84 (99 lesions) patients with nonocclusive high‐risk ISR. The primary outcome measure was frequency of in‐lesion angiographic binary restenosis at 7 months. Secondary endpoints were rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), target vessel revascularization (TVR), clinically driven TVR, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). 32P β‐brachytherapy was feasible and safe and provided similar postprocedural angiographic results in the two clinically comparable groups. However, the 7‐month binary restenosis rate was higher in the occlusive group, as were the MACE and late total occlusion rates. Multivariate logistic analysis of the overall population indicated occlusive pattern to be the only independent predictor of angiographic restenosis. In both groups, recurrent lesions most often showed a focal pattern with significant reduction of length. Although safe and effective in high‐risk ISR, 32P brachytherapy at 20 Gy does not appear to be sufficient to avoid long‐term restenosis in patients with occlusive lesions. Further studies should determine the most suitable source and dosage of brachytherapy for patients with occlusive ISR. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:433–438. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective Complexation of N‐Alkylpyridinium Salts: Binding of NAD+ in Water
Authors: Fokkens Michael , Jasper Christian , Schrader Thomas , Koziol Felix , Ochsenfeld Christian , Polkowska Jolanta , Lobert Matthias , Kahlert Björn , Klärner Frank‐Gerrit 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA new class of receptor molecules is presented that is highly selective for N‐alkylpyridinium ions and electron‐poor aromatics. Its key feature is the combination of a well‐preorganized molecular clip with an electron‐rich inner cavity and strategically placed, flanking bis‐phosphonate monoester anions. This shape and arrangement of binding sites attracts predominantly flat electron‐poor aromatics in water, binds them mainly by π–cation, π–π, CH–π, and hydrophobic interactions, and leads to their highly efficient desolvation. NAD+ and NADP, the important cofactors of many redox enzymes, are recognized by the new receptor molecule, which embraces the catalytically active nicotinamide site and the adenine unit. Even nucleosides such as adenosine are likewise drawn into the clip's cavity. Complex formation and structures were examined by one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy, Job plot analyses, and isothermal titration microcalorimetric (ITC) measurements, as well as quantum chemical calculations of 1H NMR shifts. The new receptor molecule is a promising tool for controlling enzymatic oxidation processes and for DNA chemistry.
Versatile Self‐Complexing Compounds Based on Covalently Linked Donor–Acceptor Cyclophanes
Authors: Liu Yi , Flood Amar H. , Moskowitz Ross M. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA range of covalently linked donor–acceptor compounds which contain 1) a hydroquinone (HQ) unit, 2) a 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene (DNP) ring system, or 3) a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit as the π‐donor, and 4) cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+) as the π‐accepting tetracationic cyclophane were prepared and shown to operate as simple molecular machines. The π‐donating arms can be included inside the cyclophane in an intramolecular fashion by virtue of stabilizing noncovalent bonding interactions. What amounts to self‐complexing/decomplexing equilibria were shown to be highly temperature dependent when the π‐donating arm contains either an HQ or DNP moiety. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the equilibria have been unraveled by using variable‐temperature1H NMR spectroscopy. The negative ΔH° and ΔS° values account for the fact that the “uncomplexed” conformation becomes the dominant species, since the entropy gain associated with the decomplexation process overcomes the enthalpy loss resulting from the breaking of the donor–acceptor interactions. The arm's in‐and‐out movements with respect to the linked cyclophanes can be arrested by installing a bulky substituent at the end of the arm. In the case of compounds carrying a DNP ring system in their side arm, two diastereoisomeric, self‐complexing conformations are observed below 272 K in hexadeuterioacetone. By contrast, control over the TTF‐containing arm's movement is more or less ineffective through the thermally sensitive equilibrium although it can be realized by chemical and electrochemical ways as a result of TTF's excellent redox properties. Such self‐complexing compounds could find applications as thermo‐ and electroswitches. In addition, the thermochromism associated with the arm's movement could lead to some of the compounds finding uses as imaging and sensing materials.