bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between PD-L1 expression status and efficacy of immunotherapy as second-line or later-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Jingya , Man Yingchun , Gao Jianing , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Lijie , Li Mingheng , Yu Jiahan 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between tumor proportionality scores (TPS) and the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as the second or subsequent line therapies for individuals who received diagnoses of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThe retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of a total of 143 patients who received diagnoses of stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and were admitted to our hospital from the beginning of 2019 to the end of September 2022. The follow-up period ended on 01 January 2023. The study used Kaplan–Meier survival curves to assess the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to analyze the factors associated with the PFS and OS of advanced-stage NSCLC patients who received ICIs as the second or subsequent lines.ResultsPatients diagnosed with NSCLC who had a TPS ≥1% and got treatment with ICIs exhibit notably elevated rates of partial response, objective response rate, disease control rate and extended PFS in comparison to NSCLC patients with a TPS of <1% (P < 0.05). NSCLC patients with TPS within 1–49% [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.372; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.140–0.993;P = 0.048] or ≥50% (HR = 0.276; 95% CI, 0.095–0.796;P = 0.017) were significantly associated with prolonged PFS, which were conducted by multivariate Cox regression analysis.ConclusionProgrammed death protein-1 expression status may be predictive markers of the effectiveness of ICIs as the second or subsequent lines of therapies in advanced NSCLC are influenced by TPS.
Practice-Based Learning in Aesthetic Medicine: Assessing Scientific Literacy Among Cosmetic Practitioners
Authors: Fakhre Fadia , Soares Danny J. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
The field of aesthetic medicine has expanded substantially in the past decade, with significant practitioner diversification and departure from core-specialty supervision. The increased autonomy of nonphysician practitioners in a rapidly evolving field has raised accentuated the importance of scientific literacy and practice-based learning standards in the delivery of aesthetic medical care.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the degree of scientific literacy among aesthetic medicine practitioners of different educational and training backgrounds in the United States and abroad.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional survey of 52 national and international aesthetic medicine practitioners employing a validated, 28-item, scientific literacy tool.

RESULTS
The average score for all participants was 76% (SD = 18%, range = 43%–100%). Physician practitioners scored higher in all competencies compared non-physicians (86% vs 68%, p < 0.001), with a greater discrepancy among US practitioners (95% vs 71%, p < 0.001). Competencies relating to identification of bias/confounding variables, graphical data representation, and statistical inference/correlation showed the lowest proficiency. Practitioners with a doctorate or equivalent degree were significantly more likely to report frequent engagement with medical literature than non-physicians (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION
There exists a significant disparity in scientific literacy between physician and nonphysician aesthetic medicine practitioners. This gap underscores the need for enhanced educational programs and continuous professional development to ensure safe and effective patient care in the evolving field of aesthetic medicine.
Navigating the Challenges of Candida auris Colonization in Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Shapiro Lauren T. , Valecillos Adriana Valbuena , McDade Regina , Rosa Rossana M. , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Candida auris is a highly transmissible yeast that is capable of causing invasive and fatal infections, particularly among persons with underlying medical conditions. Its incidence is rising, especially among patients cared for in post-acute care facilities. Individuals colonized with the yeast may be cared for in inpatient rehabilitation settings, without heightened risk for invasive infection and/or transmission to others, as long as appropriate infection control measures are followed. This article reviews key information for rehabilitation nurses caring for persons with C. auris, including risk factors for infection, the need for contact precautions, appropriate disinfection practices for therapy and diagnostic equipment, and critical components of safe transitions in the care of these patients.
Utility of a Benchmarking Report for Balancing Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Children With Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Cramm Shannon L. , Graham Dionne A. , Blakely Martin L. , Cowles Robert A. , Kunisaki Shaun M. , Lipskar Aaron M. , Russell Robert T. , Santore Matthew T. , DeFazio Jennifer R. , Griggs Cornelia L. , Aronowitz Danielle I. , Allukian Myron , Campbell Brendan T. , Chandler Nicole M. , Collins Devon T. , Commander Sarah J. , Dukleska Katerina , Echols Justice C. , Esparaz Joseph R. , Feng Christina , Gerall Claire , Hanna David N. , Keane Olivia A. , McLean Sean E. , Pace Elizabeth , Scholz Stefan , Sferra Shelby R. , Tracy Elisabeth T. , Williams Sacha , Zhang Lucy , He Katherine , Rangel Shawn J. ,   On behalf of the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network
Published: February 2024

Objective:
To develop a severity-adjusted, hospital-level benchmarking comparative performance report for postoperative organ space infection (OSI) and antibiotic utilization in children with complicated appendicitis.

Background:
No benchmarking data exist to aid hospitals in identifying and prioritizing opportunities for infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship in children with complicated appendicitis.

Methods:
This was a multicenter cohort study using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric data from 16 hospitals participating in a regional research consortium, augmented with antibiotic utilization data obtained through supplemental chart review. Children with complicated appendicitis who underwent appendectomy from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020 were included. Thirty-day postoperative OSI rates and cumulative antibiotic utilization were compared between hospitals using observed-to-expected (O/E) ratios after adjusting for disease severity using mixed-effect models. Hospitals were considered outliers if the 95% CI for O/E ratios did not include 1.0.

Results:
A total of 1790 patients were included. Overall, the OSI rate was 15.6% (hospital range: 2.6% to 39.4%) and median cumulative antibiotic utilization was 9.0 days (range: 3.0 to 13.0). Across hospitals, adjusted O/E ratios ranged 5.7-fold for OSI (0.49 to 2.80, P = 0.03) and 2.4-fold for antibiotic utilization (0.59 to 1.45, P < 0.01). Three (19%) hospitals were outliers for OSI (1 high and 2 low performers), and 8 (50%) were outliers for antibiotic utilization (5 high and 3 low utilizers). Ten (63%) hospitals were identified as outliers in one or both measures.

Conclusions:
A comparative performance benchmarking report may help hospitals identify and prioritize quality improvement opportunities for infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship, as well as identify exemplar performers for dissemination of best practices.
Implementation evaluation of tiered tele-triage pathways for burn center consultations and transfers
Authors: Agoubi Lauren L. , Clark Nina M. , Gibbs Sarah , Stewart Barclay T. , DeGrauw Xinyao G. , Vavilala Monica S. , Rivara Frederick P. , Arbabi Saman , Pham Tam N. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Early transfer to specialized centers improves trauma and burn outcomes; however, overtriage can result in unnecessary burdens to patients, providers, and health systems. Our institution developed novel burn triage pathways in 2016 to improve resource allocation. We evaluated the implementation of these pathways, analyzing trends in adoption, resource optimization, and pathway reliability after implementation.

METHODS
Triage pathways consist of transfer nurses (RNs) triaging calls based on review of burn images and clinical history: green pathway for direct outpatient referral, blue pathway for discussion with the on-call provider, red pathway for confirmation of transfer as requested by referring provider, and black pathway for the rapid transfer of severe burns. We used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework to evaluate implementation. These pathways affected all acute burn referrals to our center from January 2017 to December 2019 (reach). Outcomes of interest were pathway assignment over time (adoption), changes to burn provider call volume (effectiveness), and the concordance of pathway assignment with final disposition (implementation reliability).

RESULTS
Transfer RNs triaged 5,272 burn referrals between 2017 and 2019. By January 2018, >98% of referrals were assigned a pathway. In 2018–2019, green pathway calls triaged by RNs reduced calls to burn providers by a mean of 40 (SD, 11) per month. Patients in green/blue pathways were less likely to be transferred, with >85% receiving only outpatient follow-up (p < 0.001). Use of the lower acuity pathways increased over time, with a concordant decrease in use of the higher acuity pathways. Younger adults, patients referred from Level III to Level V trauma centers and nontrauma hospitals, and patients referred by APPs were less likely to be triaged to higher acuity pathways.

CONCLUSION
Implementation of highly adopted, reliable triage pathways can optimize existing clinical resources by task-shifting triage of lower acuity burns to nursing teams.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
DRR pioneer interview with Thea Hilhorst
Authors: Hilhorst Dorothea 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThe transcript takes you on a journey of the book mapping vulnerability and the developments thereafter.Design/methodology/approachThe transcript and video was developed in the context of a United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) project on the History of DRR.FindingsThis interview highlights how DRR is central to conflict settings as well.Originality/valueThe interview provides reflections on DRR in conflict settings.
Mentoring preparation in educational contexts: a review of the literature
Authors: Thornton Kate 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis article aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the importance of mentor preparation and provide recommendations for effective mentor preparation programmes based on the literature.Design/methodology/approachA narrative review of a range of literature focussing on the importance and characteristics of effective mentor practice and preparation.FindingsMany mentors working in educational contexts lack adequate preparation, and a shift in mentoring practice from a mentor as expert approach, which mentors are likely revert to without training, to a more collaborative relationship in line with educative mentoring is recommended. Relationship building, working collaboratively and encouraging critical reflection are essential mentoring capabilities, and can be supported by participation in effective mentoring preparation programmes. Characteristics of these programmes include: providing time for mentors to reflect on their personal capabilities and attitudes; strengthening their knowledge about mentoring and learning a range of approaches and tools.Practical implicationsImplications for mentor preparation include consideration of curricula that focus on the nature of effective mentoring relationships, provision of effective observation-based feedback and the facilitation of critical reflection. Blended learning models appear to have potential and organisational leaders need to recognise and value mentoring to ensure that it is prioritised.Originality/valueThis article makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the nature of effective mentor preparation programmes.
Assessing theory of mind and social norms understanding in Indian children: adaptation and validation of Edinburgh social cognition test
Authors: Bhutani Saniya , Singh Kamlesh 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to adapt and validate Edinburgh social cognition test (ESCoT) for Indian children. In addition, exploring the effect of demographics on ESCoT.

Design/methodology/approach
For content validity, 10 practicing psychologists and clinical psychologists gave their feedback about the test scenarios based on which the items were retained. The adaptation process involved 100 participants aged between 6 and 12 years. Informed consent from parents and verbal assent from the participant were taken. Demographics were collected. Measures were individually administered. Data was scored and analyzed.

Findings
Seven out of 10 scenarios were retained in content validity. Convergent validity, internal consistency and interrater reliability were found to be acceptable. Regression analysis indicates that age significantly predicts performance on ESCoT. Age is associated with the cognitive theory of mind, affective theory of mind and interpersonal social norms understanding.

Originality/value
The study provides evidence for validation of ESCoT. Results indicate acceptable psychometric properties of ESCoT. Thus, it is suitable for Indian settings and amongst children.
Myofascial edema of gastrocnemius: A prominent MRI characteristic in dermatomyositis patients with anti‐transcriptional intermediate factor 1‐γ antibody
Authors: Zhen Chao , Zhao Bing , He Jingzhen , Wei Li , Yan Chuanzhu , Dai Tingjun , Hou Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThis study was designed to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of the lower limb muscles in dermatomyositis (DM) with anti‐transcriptional intermediate factor 1‐γ (anti‐TIF1‐γ) antibody.MethodsThis retrospective, observational, cross‐sectional study enrolled 12 adult DM patients with anti‐TIF1‐γ antibody. Muscles were assessed for fascial edema, subcutaneous‐tissue edema, muscle edema, and fatty replacement. These features were analyzed in relation to clinical characteristics.ResultsAll 12 patients underwent hip and thigh MRI, and 8 completed calf MRI. All patients showed myofascial edema, muscle edema, and fatty replacement, and 8 out of 12 further exhibited subcutaneous‐tissue edema. Specifically, myofascial edema of the gastrocnemius was observed in all patients (8/8). The vastus intermedialis and vastus lateralis muscles showed the most severe muscle edema, whereas the caput breve of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and soleus muscles exhibited the most severe fatty replacement. Although only 1 patient exhibited asymmetric muscle weakness, 9 showed asymmetric muscle edema, and 10 showed asymmetric fatty replacement. Changes in muscle edema positively correlated with creatine kinase (CK) levels.ConclusionsMyofascial edema of gastrocnemius was a prominent characteristic of anti‐TIF1‐γ‐positive DM. Early detection of muscle edema, as well as CK levels, may be helpful for monitoring disease activity.
Genetic background modulates the effect of glucocorticoids on proliferation, differentiation and myelin formation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells
Authors: Gigliotta Adrien , Mingardi Jessica , Cummings Sarah , Alikhani Vida , Trontti Kalevi , Barbon Alessandro , Kothary Rashmi , Hovatta Iiris 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAnxiety disorders are prevalent mental disorders. Their predisposition involves a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors, such as psychosocial stress. Myelin plasticity was recently associated with chronic stress in several mouse models. Furthermore, we found that changes in both myelin thickness and node of Ranvier morphology after chronic social defeat stress are influenced by the genetic background of the mouse strain. To understand cellular and molecular effects of stress‐associated myelin plasticity, we established an oligodendrocyte (OL) model consisting of OL primary cell cultures isolated from the C57BL/6NCrl (B6; innately non‐anxious and mostly stress‐resilient strain) and DBA/2NCrl (D2; innately anxious and mostly stress‐susceptible strain) mice. Characterization of naïve cells revealed that D2 cultures contained more pre‐myelinating and mature OLs compared with B6 cultures. However, B6 cultures contained more proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) than D2 cultures. Acute exposure to corticosterone, the major stress hormone in mice, reduced OPC proliferation and increased OL maturation and myelin production in D2 cultures compared with vehicle treatment, whereas only OL maturation was reduced in B6 cultures. In contrast, prolonged exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone reduced OPC proliferation in both D2 and B6 cultures, but only D2 cultures displayed a reduction in OPC differentiation and myelin production. Taken together, our results reveal that genetic factors influence OL sensitivity to glucocorticoids, and this effect is dependent on the cellular maturation stage. Our model provides a novel framework for the identification of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying stress‐associated myelin plasticity.
Exploring caring collaborations in academia through feminist reflexive dialogues
Authors: Johansson Janet , Gao Grace , Sölvell Ingela , Wigren‐Kristoferson Caroline 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study challenges the prevailing collaboration norms within academia, which predominantly adhere to meritocratic principles favoring masculine and individualistic values. These principles often result in a productivity paradigm centered on publications and high research performance. We contend that such collaboration norms perpetuate exclusionary practices, limiting the participation of women and individuals who do not neatly conform to the criteria of high productivity. Drawing inspiration from Long and colleagues' work in 2020, and guided by relational care ethics, we developed the notion that collaboration as a feminist strategy represents a transformative process of reflexive becoming and co‐learning, emphasizing connectedness and generativity through care. Our findings highlight that through the lens of care, we transcended differing viewpoints, transitioning from self‐centeredness to an other‐oriented approach characterized by empathy, mutual understanding, and acceptance. Emotions emerged as embodied forms of knowledge, enriching the process of co‐learning and co‐becoming. Based on this, we propose a new constellation of Feminist Caring Collaboration in the academy, emphasizing the inclusivity of diverse participants and their varied skills and competencies, with full consideration of individuals' needs and future growth opportunities. Furthermore, we advocate for a broader acknowledgment of emotions such as satisfaction, joy, friendship, and pleasure in the knowledge production process, recognizing their significance in individuals' fulfillment in work and various life circumstances.
Exploring wound management in dental pulp: Utilizing single‐cell RNA sequencing for global transcriptomic analysis in healthy and inflamed pulpal tissues
Authors: Gu Nan , Wang Yao , Sun Gengtian , Zou He , Yang Nan , Sun Xin , Liu Zhihui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe process of wound healing in the dental pulp is characterized by intricate interplay of signalling cascades, cellular responses, and extracellular matrix (ECM). The objective of this research was to examine the intricate interaction between signalling cascades, cellular responses, and extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics that comprise the wound healing process of dental pulp. We conducted a controlled laboratory analysis of transcriptomic landscape of dental pulp tissues, including both healthy and inflamed samples, utilizing single‐cell RNA sequencing. We identified significant change in cellular composition under carious conditions by analysing samples from 50 patients. Specifically, the proportion of immune cells increased from 25% to 40%, while the proportion of fibroblasts decreased from 20% to 10%. A transition towards ECM remodelling and fibrosis was indicated by this change. In addition, substantial increase inexpression of critical genes including COL1A1, FN1, IL‐1B, IL‐6 and TNC was detected, indicating that the extracellular matrix (ECM) was actively remodelled and that a robust inflammatory response was present, both of which are vital for tissue repair. Increased cell–cell interactions among B cells, plasma cells, macrophages and MSCs, and fibroblasts were highlighted in our study, demonstrating the intricate cellular dynamics that occur in response to dental pulp injury. The knowledge gained regarding the cellular and molecular processes underlying pulp wound healing contributed to the advancement of knowledge regarding pulp pathology and regeneration. Moreover, it established a foundation for creation of targeted therapeutic interventions that seek to maximize pulp repair and regeneration. This study represented noteworthy achievement in the field of dental surgery, establishing a solid groundwork for subsequent investigations into regenerative medicine, wound healing, and dental tissue restoration.
First clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of tarumase for the debridement of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Fairlamb David M. , Szepeshazi Kinga , Goldsmith David , Danos Peter , Lev‐Tov Hadar , Young Nathan , Hanft Jason , Zelen Charles 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report the first clinical evaluation of a new enzymatic wound debridement product containing tarumase in venous leg ulcer patients. As a first‐in‐human study, this was a prospective, open‐label, multi‐centre, dose escalation study across five dose cohorts and involving a total of 43 patients treated three times weekly for up to 4 weeks (12 applications). The primary and secondary endpoints of the study were to assess the systemic safety, local tolerability, and early proof of concept both for wound debridement and healing. Results indicated that the tarumase enzyme was well tolerated when applied topically to wounds, with no indications of systemic absorption, no evidence of antibody generation, and no systemic effects on coagulation pathways. Locally, there was no evidence of pain on application, no local itching, no increases in erythema, oedema, exudate or bleeding and only a few treatment emergent adverse events were reported. As the concentration of tarumase was escalated, trends towards faster and improved effectiveness of wound debridement were observed, especially in patients with significant slough at baseline. Trends towards faster rates of healing were also noted based on observations of increased granulation tissue, increased linear healing and reduction in surface area over the 4‐week treatment period.