bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration Damping, Including the Case of Solid Friction
Authors: Kimball A. L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The idea of logarithmic vibration decrement is briefly reviewed and several ways of expressing it and finding it are given.
The simple case of a vibrating reed is treated, three kinds of damping being considered—(1) an external liquid damping, (2) a liquid viscosity damping within the spring, (3) solid damping within the spring whereby the dissipation per cycle is independent of frequency but depends upon amplitude squared. For an experimental study and discussion of this type of damping see “Internal Friction in Solids,” by A. L. Kimball and D. E. Lovell.
These cases are discussed both for free vibrations and sustained vibrations.
A method is given for analyzing solid damping vibration problems which is of general application to all cases of vibration that can be treated on the assumption of an ideal viscosity damping. This method is used by Ormondroyd and Den Hartog in the closure to the discussion of their paper entitled “The Theory of the Dynamic Vibration Absorber.”
The discussion of vibration damping given herewith presents methods used by the writer for several years past in vibration work.
Surface Heat Transmission
Authors: Heilman R. H. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In view of the dearth of reliable data on the emissivity coefficients of various surfaces at the lower temperatures met with in refrigeration and heat-insulation work, the author undertook on investigation of the subject at Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh. The paper describes that investigation, and among other things gives particulars regarding the methods employed in determining surface coefficients; the radiometer used; the determination of emissivity coefficients; derivation of an equation for convection; convection losses from various geometrical shapes; total heat loss from various shapes and surfaces, etc. Several charts are included in the paper which make it possible for the engineer readily to determine the total heat loss from various surfaces, and which eliminate all need for calculations for surface temperatures up to 700 deg. fahr.
Handling Papers and Small Articles by Pneumatic Tubes
Authors: Whiting James 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pneumatic tubes as applied to the handling of papers and small articles accomplish what the telephone does for the spoken word. They not only now move the mass of paper work attendant on our industrial activity, with its intensive distribution, keen competition, and large production, but are being applied continuously to the mechanical processes of production.
Applications of pneumatic tubes comprise 1¼-in.-diameter tubes handling radio messages, telegrams, telephone toll tickets, etc.; 2¼-in. tubes for general message and utility service; 3-in. tubes for handling tools, small machine parts, samples, etc.; 4-in. tubes handling hot ingot test pieces, gunpowder, paint samples, etc.; 5-in. tubes in testing laboratories and railroad freight yards; 3-in. × 6-in. oval tubes for bank service in handling pass books and deposits, and in publishing houses for carrying copy and proofs, etc., and 4-in. × 7-in. oval tubes handling complete folios of correspondence, insurance policies, etc.
The tasks to which pneumatic tubes are applied are innumerable and form a list which includes every industry, and as added applications are made in the general business world, other new applications become constantly apparent.
Cemented and Tungsten-Carbide Tools
Authors: Hoyt Samuel L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Considerable interest has been shown in the past few years in the new tool materials which have tungsten carbide as a base. The most promising field for the use of these tools is in machining materials which are so abrasive that ordinary tools are speedily worn away or lose their cutting edge, but which do not exert great pressure on the tool. The author points out that the economic value of cemented tungsten carbide is so great in many instances that it at once justifies its use. In some others this will not be so marked and in still other cases its use will be less economical or not at all suitable. Among the latter applications may be mentioned finishing cuts on iron and steel, hogging cuts on steel, or, in general, cuts with heavy feeds and cuts which impose heavy pressures on the tool.
Diesel Power Plants for Large City Buildings: An Analysis of the Electric Power Requirements of Large Buildings, and a Study of How They May Be Met by Diesel Power Plants. Figures Are Included on the Economics of Diesel Power in Two New York Buildings
Authors: Kates Edgar J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Economies and attractive features of Diesel engines for use in large city buildings are discussed in this paper. Two examples are presented of actual cases where Diesel engines are recommended. One is for a building in use several years, the other for a building about to be built.
End Coatings for Logs and Lumber
Authors: Teesdale L. V. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Unequal drying of green timber and lumber causes checking and splitting. As drying under natural conditions is more rapid from the end grain than from the side grain, protection of the ends to retard the end drying is resorted to. Suitable end coatings are also effective in preventing development of stain and decay.
In this paper the author tells of studies made by the Forest Products Laboratory with various coatings and the beneficial results that are obtained by reducing the waste from end checks, decay, and stain while timber is seasoning.
Characterization of CD8
+
T cells in immune-privileged organs of ZIKV-infected
Ifnar1
−/−
mice
Authors: Zhang Hangjie , Xiao Wenling , Zhao Min , Zhang Yongli , Lu Dan , Lu Shuangshuang , Zhang Qingxu , Peng Weiyu , Shu Liumei , Zhang Jie , Liu Sai , Zong Kexin , Wang Pengyan , Ye Beiwei , Zhang Danni , Li Shihua , Tan Shuguang , Liu Peipei , Zhao Yingze , Zhang Fuping , Wang Huanyu , Lu Xuancheng , Gao George F. , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused neurological complications and male infertility, leading to the accumulation of antigen-specific immune cells in immune-privileged organs (IPOs). Thus, it is important to understand the immunological responses to ZIKV in IPOs. We extensively investigated the ZIKV-specific T cell immunity in IPOs in
Ifnar1
−/−
mice, based on an immunodominant epitope E
294-302
tetramer. The distinct kinetics and functions of virus-specific CD8
+
T cells infiltrated into different IPOs were characterized, with late elevation in the brain and spinal cord. Single epitope E
294-302
-specific T cells can account for 20-60% of the total CD8
+
T cells in the brain, spinal cord, and testicle and persist for at least 90 days in the brain and spinal cord. The E
294-302
-specific TCRαβs within the IPOs are featured with the majority of clonotypes utilizing
TRAV9N-3
paired with diverse TRBV chains, but with distinct αβ paired clonotypes in 7 and 30 days post-infection. Specific chemokine receptors,
Ccr2
and
Ccr5
, were selectively expressed in the E
294-302
-specific CD8
+
T cells within the brain and testicle, indicating an IPO-oriented migration of virus-specific CD8
+
T cells after infection. Overall, this study adds to the understanding of virus-specific CD8
+
T cell responses for controlling and clearing ZIKV infection in IPOs.

IMPORTANCE

The immune-privileged organs (IPOs), such as the central nervous system and testicles, presented pathogenicity and inflammation after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with infiltrated CD8
+
T cells. Our data show that CD8
+
T cells keep up with virus increases and decreases in immune-privileged organs. Furthermore, our study provides the first
ex vivo
comparative analyses of the composition and diversity related to TCRα/β clonotypes across anatomical sites and ZIKV infection phases. We show that the vast majority of TCRα/β clonotypes in tissues utilize
TRAV9N-3
with conservation. Specific chemokine expression, including
Ccr2
and
Ccr5
, was found to be selectively expressed in the E
294-302
-specific CD8
+
T cells within the brain and testicle, indicating an IPO-oriented migration of the virus-specific CD8
+
T cells after the infection. Our study adds insights into the anti-viral immunological characterization and chemotaxis mechanism of virus-specific CD8
+
T cells after ZIKV infection in different IPOs.
A Rydberg atom-based amplitude-modulated receiver using the dual-tone microwave field
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Jin Ting , Yan Yang , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang , Wang Lirong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe propose a Rydberg atom-based receiver for amplitude-modulation (AM) reception utilizing a dual-tone microwave field. The pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) signal is encoded in the basic microwave field (B-MW) at the frequency of 14.23 GHz. The signal can be decoded by the atomic receiver itself but more obvious with the introduction of an auxiliary microwave (A-MW) field. The receiver’s amplitude variations corresponding to microwave field are simulated by solving density matrices to give this mechanism theoretical support. An appropriate AM frequency is obtained by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, guaranteeing both large data transfer capacity (DTC) and high fidelity of the receiver. The power of two MW fields, along with the B-MW field frequency, is studied to acquire larger DTC and wider operating bandwidth. Finally, the readout of PRBS signals is performed by both the proposed and conventional mechanisms, and the comparison proves the obvious increment of DTC with the proposed scheme. This proof-of-principle demonstration exhibits the potential of the dual-tone scheme and offers a novel pathway for Rydberg atom-based microwave communication, which is beneficial for long-distance communication and weak signal perception outside the laboratory.
Quantum torque on a non-reciprocal body out of thermal equilibrium and induced by a magnetic field of arbitrary strength
Authors: Kennedy Gerard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA stationary body that is out of thermal equilibrium with its environment, and for which the electric susceptibility is non-reciprocal, experiences a quantum torque. This arises from the spatially non-symmetric electrical response of the body to its interaction with the non-equilibrium thermal fluctuations of the electromagnetic field: the non-equilibrium nature of the thermal field fluctuations results in a net energy flow through the body, and the spatially non-symmetric nature of the electrical response of the body to its interaction with these field fluctuations causes that energy flow to be transformed into a rotational motion. We establish an exact, closed-form, analytical expression for this torque in the case that the environment is the vacuum and the material of the body is described by a damped oscillator model, where the non-reciprocal nature of the electric susceptibility is induced by an external magnetic field, as for magneto-optical media. We also generalise this expression to the context in which the body is slowly rotating. By exploring the high-temperature expansion of the torque, we are able to identify the separate contributions from the continuous spectral distribution of the non-reciprocal electric susceptibility, and from the resonance modes. In particular, we find that the torque persists in the limiting case of zero damping parameter, due to the contribution of the resonance modes. We also consider the low-temperature expansion of the torque. This work extends our previous consideration of this model to an external magnetic field of arbitrary strength, thereby including non-linear magnetic field effects.
Evaluating the Impact of Using Multiple-Metal Layers on the Layout Area of Switch Blocks for Tile-Based FPGAs in FinFET 7nm
Authors: Rostami Sani Sajjad , Ye Andy 
Published: January 2024

A new area model for estimating the layout area of switch blocks is introduced in this work. The model is based on a realistic layout strategy. As a result, it not only takes into consideration the active area that is needed to construct a switch block but also the number of metal layers available and the actual dimensions of these metals. The model assigns metal layers to the routing tracks in a way that reduces the number of vias that are needed to connect different routing tracks together while maintaining the tile-based structure of FPGAs. It also takes into account the wiring area required for buffer insertion for long wire segments. The model is evaluated based on the layouts constructed in the ASAP7 FinFET 7nm Predictive Design Kit. We found that the new model, while specific to the layout strategy that it employs, improves upon the traditional active-based area estimation models by considering the growth of the metal area independently from the growth of the active area. As a result, the new model is able to more accurately estimate the layout area by predicting when the metal area will overtake the active area as the number of routing tracks is increased. This ability allows the more accurate estimation of the true layout cost of FPGA fabrics at the early floor planning and architectural exploration stage; and this increase in accuracy can encourage a wider use of custom FPGA fabrics that target specific sets of benchmarks in future SOC designs. Furthermore, our data indicate that the conclusions drawn from several significant prior architectural studies remain to be correct under FinFET geometries and wiring area considerations despite their exclusive use of active-only area models. This correctness is due to the small channel widths, around 30–60 tracks per channel, of the architectures that these studies investigate. For architectures that approach the channel width of modern commercial FPGAs with more than 100–200 tracks per channel, our data show that wiring area models justified by detailed layout considerations are an essential addition to active area models in the correct prediction of the implementation area of FPGAs.
Utility-aware Privacy Perturbation for Training Data
Authors: Li Xinjiao , Wu Guowei , Yao Lin , Zheng Zhaolong , Geng Shisong 
Published: January 2024

Data perturbation under differential privacy constraint is an important approach of protecting data privacy. However, as the data dimensions increase, the privacy budget allocated to each dimension decreases and thus the amount of noise added increases, which eventually leads to lower data utility in training tasks. To protect the privacy of training data while enhancing data utility, we propose a Utility-aware training data Privacy Perturbation scheme based on attribute Partition and budget Allocation (UPPPA). UPPPA includes three procedures: the quantification of attribute privacy and attribute importance, attribute partition, and budget allocation. The quantification of attribute privacy and attribute importance based on information entropy and attribute correlation provide an arithmetic basis for attribute partition and budget allocation. During the attribute partition, all attributes of training data are classified into high and low classes to achieve privacy amplification and utility enhancement. During the budget allocation, a γ-privacy model is proposed to balance data privacy and data utility so as to provide privacy constraint and guide budget allocation. Three comprehensive sets of real-world data are applied to evaluate the performance of UPPPA. Experiments and privacy analysis show that our scheme can achieve the tradeoff between privacy and utility.
Fungi Fabrics and Living Colors: Toward Ecocentric Biodesign?
Authors: Toussaint Lianne , Bruggeman Daniëlle , van den Eijnde Jeroen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article argues for a shift toward more ecocentric, rather anthropocentric, biodesign processes for clothing and textile design. It discusses mainstream understandings of biomimicry and biodesign, rethinking these approaches in a more-than-human and ecocentric direction. The article analyzes the cases of mycelium-based garments and bacterial textile dyes to, on the one hand, show how current biodesigners are already successfully working with natural resources by growing, collaborating with, regenerating, and restoring nature. On the other hand, these two cases are used to show the potential for biodesign practices to move even further beyond a human-centered understanding of designing with nature.
Human Visual Cortex and Deep Convolutional Neural Network Care Deeply about Object Background
Authors: Loke Jessica , Seijdel Noor , Snoek Lukas , Sörensen Lynn K. A. , van de Klundert Ron , van der Meer Matthew , Quispel Eva , Cappaert Natalie , Scholte H. Steven 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are able to partially predict brain activity during object categorization tasks, but factors contributing to this predictive power are not fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the predictive power of DCNNs in object categorization tasks. We compared the activity of four DCNN architectures with EEG recordings obtained from 62 human participants during an object categorization task. Previous physiological studies on object categorization have highlighted the importance of figure-ground segregation—the ability to distinguish objects from their backgrounds. Therefore, we investigated whether figure-ground segregation could explain the predictive power of DCNNs. Using a stimulus set consisting of identical target objects embedded in different backgrounds, we examined the influence of object background versus object category within both EEG and DCNN activity. Crucially, the recombination of naturalistic objects and experimentally controlled backgrounds creates a challenging and naturalistic task, while retaining experimental control. Our results showed that early EEG activity (&lt; 100 msec) and early DCNN layers represent object background rather than object category. We also found that the ability of DCNNs to predict EEG activity is primarily influenced by how both systems process object backgrounds, rather than object categories. We demonstrated the role of figure-ground segregation as a potential prerequisite for recognition of object features, by contrasting the activations of trained and untrained (i.e., random weights) DCNNs. These findings suggest that both human visual cortex and DCNNs prioritize the segregation of object backgrounds and target objects to perform object categorization. Altogether, our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying object categorization as we demonstrated that both human visual cortex and DCNNs care deeply about object background.
The Self-reference Effect Can Modulate Language Syntactic Processing Even Without Explicit Awareness: An Electroencephalography Study
Authors: Rubianes Miguel , Drijvers Linda , Muñoz Francisco , Jiménez-Ortega Laura , Almeida-Rivera Tatiana , Sánchez-García José , Fondevila Sabela , Casado Pilar , Martín-Loeches Manuel 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although it is well established that self-related information can rapidly capture our attention and bias cognitive functioning, whether this self-bias can affect language processing remains largely unknown. In addition, there is an ongoing debate as to the functional independence of language processes, notably regarding the syntactic domain. Hence, this study investigated the influence of self-related content on syntactic speech processing. Participants listened to sentences that could contain morphosyntactic anomalies while the masked face identity (self, friend, or unknown faces) was presented for 16 msec preceding the critical word. The language-related ERP components (left anterior negativity [LAN] and P600) appeared for all identity conditions. However, the largest LAN effect followed by a reduced P600 effect was observed for self-faces, whereas a larger LAN with no reduction of the P600 was found for friend faces compared with unknown faces. These data suggest that both early and late syntactic processes can be modulated by self-related content. In addition, alpha power was more suppressed over the left inferior frontal gyrus only when self-faces appeared before the critical word. This may reflect higher semantic demands concomitant to early syntactic operations (around 150–550 msec). Our data also provide further evidence of self-specific response, as reflected by the N250 component. Collectively, our results suggest that identity-related information is rapidly decoded from facial stimuli and may impact core linguistic processes, supporting an interactive view of syntactic processing. This study provides evidence that the self-reference effect can be extended to syntactic processing.
What Controls the December Precipitation Deficit over the Southern Tibetan Plateau and the Northern Indian Continent?
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Zhongshi , Li Xiangyu , Li Hua , Chen Huopo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Winter precipitation is critical for glacier growth, snow accumulation, and terrestrial storage on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, less attention has been paid to the changes in winter precipitation on the TP. In this study, based on the newly developed high-accuracy precipitation dataset, our diagnosis illustrated a distinct precipitation deficit over the southern TP and northern Indian continent (STNI) in December. Together with the ERA5 reanalysis, CESM1.1 large ensemble experiments, and pacemaker experiments, the dynamic diagnosis revealed that the precipitation deficit was attributed to the decrease in dynamic effects. In particular, the enhanced descending motion, accompanied by the strengthened anticyclone and regional meridional circulation over the STNI, resulted in the precipitation deficit. The changes in circulation system related to the precipitation deficit could be attributed to the Pacific and Indian sea surface temperature (SST) variability. With the negative interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), there were circumglobal alternative geopotential height anomalies and an anomalous anticyclone over the southern TP, and descending motion around the STNI associated with the enhanced Walker circulation over the Indo-Pacific, which exhibited a similar pattern to the precipitation deficit over the STNI in the observations. In addition, the synergistic effect of Pacific and Indian SST variability can improve the simulated precipitation deficit over the STNI relative to the Pacific SST variability alone. These results imply a contribution of the tropical SST variability to the precipitation trends over the STNI in early winter and provide an insight into the understanding of climate warming on the winter climate over the TP.