bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family responsive care mediating the home visiting effects on left‐behind children's early development in rural China
Authors: Li Mengshi , Du Yufeng , Zhao Chunxia , Shi Huifeng , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Jingxu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe early development of left‐behind children requires great concern and improvement. Yet, current interventions for left‐behind children are mainly focussed on children older than 3. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a home visiting programme on family responsive care and early development of rural left‐behind children and examine whether family responsive care mediates the effects of intervention on child development.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study design was utilized in this study. A stratified clustered sampling was employed to choose villages in programme towns into intervention group. A control village was matched with every intervention village. All of the left‐behind children and their caregivers meeting the inclusion criteria in the chosen villages were enrolled in the survey. The outcomes included child development, caregiver's early stimulation, parent–child communication, and learning materials. Baseline assessments were conducted in 2018, and endline assessments were conducted in 2020.ResultsIn the endline survey, we enrolled 608 children with 258 in the intervention group and 350 in the control group. Left‐behind children in the intervention group were less likely to have development delay compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36, 0.96). Migrant parents of children in the intervention group showed higher proportion of expressing emotional support to their children when communicating (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.72). Children who received home visits more than once per 2 months had lower level of suspected development delay than children in the control group (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.68). Caregiver's early stimulation and migrant parents' emotional support to left‐behind children mediated the intervention dose and left‐behind children's development.ConclusionCaregiver's early stimulation mediates the intervention and child's development. The findings suggest a promising future for scaling similar early childhood development interventions for left‐behind children in rural settings.
Ethical and legal challenges of medical AI on informed consent: China as an example
Authors: Wang Yue , Ma Zhuo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe escalating integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in clinical settings carries profound implications for the doctrine of informed consent, presenting challenges that necessitate immediate attention. China, in its advancement in the deployment of medical AI, is proactively engaging in the formulation of legal and ethical regulations. This paper takes China as an example to undertake a theoretical examination rooted in the principles of medical ethics and legal norms, analyzing informed consent and medical AI through relevant literature data. The study reveals that medical AI poses fundamental challenges to the accuracy, adequacy, and objectivity of information disclosed by doctors, alongside impacting patient competency and willingness to give consent. To enhance adherence to informed consent rules in the context of medical AI, this paper advocates for a shift towards a patient‐centric information disclosure standard, the restructuring of medical liability rules, the augmentation of professional training, and the advancement of public understanding through educational initiatives.
ボバース臨床推論フレームワーク:脳性麻痺を含む神経発達学的病態の複雑性に対するシステマチックサイエンスのアプローチ
Authors: Mayston Margaret J. , Saloojee Gillian M. , Foley Sarah E. 
Published: January 2024

要旨現在、発達領域で推奨されているボバース臨床推論フレームワーク(Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework: BCRF)によるボバース実践を、システム科学のレンズによって概念化し、小児期発症の障害に関連する様々な変数の相互関係・相関依存に対する全人的観点を提供する。BCRFはICFの各領域間の関係性を理解し、それぞれがどのように影響を与え、どのように影響を受けるのかを理解する助けとなる臨床推論の詳細なフレームワークである。BCRFは介入計画へとつながる観察に基づく学際的なシステムであり、実践的な推論のアプローチである。BCRFにより脳性麻痺(Cerebral Palsy: CP)などの障害における複雑な状況を全人的に理解し、神経学的障害がある人々の生涯にわたるマネジメントおよびハビリテーションの基盤を持つことができる。BCRFが用いる臨床推論は、個々人およびその社会的環境、とくに家族単位で見られる重要な文脈的要因を重視している。定型発達・非定型発達、病態生理(感覚運動・認知・行動)、神経科学の相互関連性、および、心身機能・身体構造レベルの構成要素がどのように活動・参加レベルに影響を与えるのか、BCRFはその理解に根差している。BCRFにとって不可欠なシステム科学system science※1)のモデルはCPの複雑性を理解および対応を進める有用な方法であり、何よりも大切な目標とはあらゆる文脈であらゆる個々人の生きた経験を最適化することである。.
Adherence to liraglutide among individuals with overweight and obesity: Patient characteristics and clinical measures
Authors: Guy Amit , Azab Abed N. , Liberty Idit F. , Afawi Zaid , Alhoashla Ali , Abu Tailakh Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo identify the sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory determinants relating to patient adherence to liraglutide treatment among individuals with overweight or obesity.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients with overweight or obesity who were treated with liraglutide between 2019 and 2022. Over a 6‐month follow‐up period, measurements of body mass index, sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, and prescription records for liraglutide were collected. Treatment adherence was assessed using the proportion of days covered (PDC) measure, with a PDC ≥80% indicating high adherence.ResultsThe study population included 1890 participants (78.1% female, mean age 46 ± 12 years). At the end of the follow‐up period, 84.9% of the participants exhibited low adherence to liraglutide treatment. Adherence to treatment improved with age (p = 0.04, odds ratio [OR] 1.013, confidence interval [CI] 1.001–1.025). Significant weight loss during treatment increased the likelihood of high adherence (p < 0.001, OR 1.251, CI 1.167–1.341). Individuals with a higher socioeconomic status displayed greater adherence (p = 0.023, OR 1.906, CI 1.091–3.328). Greater adherence was also seen in non‐smokers (p = 0.047, OR 0.725, CI 0.528–0.996).ConclusionsOnly 15.1% of study participants exhibited high adherence to treatment (PDC ≥80%) after 6 months of follow‐up. Further research is needed to explore approaches to enhance adherence to liraglutide, including strategies to educate and support patients in their efforts to achieve and maintain weight loss with the use of this drug.
Sex‐ and time‐specific associations of obesity with glycaemic traits: A two‐step multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tian Ye , Ma Guochen , Zi Jing , Hu Yifan , Zeng Yaxian , Li Haoqi , Luo Hang , Shan Shufang , Xiong Jingyuan , Cheng Guo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the sex‐ and time‐specific causal effects of obesity‐related anthropometric traits on glycaemic traits.Materials and MethodsWe used univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization to assess the causal associations of anthropometric traits (gestational variables, birth weight, childhood body mass index [BMI], BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio [WHR], BMI‐adjusted WHR [WHRadjBMI]) with fasting glucose and insulin in Europeans from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium (n ≤ 298 142), the UK Biobank, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits Consortium (n ≤ 697 734; females: n ≤ 434 794; males: n ≤ 374 754) and the Meta‐Analyses of Glucose and Insulin‐related traits Consortium (n ≤ 151 188; females: n ≤ 73 089; males: n ≤ 67 506), adjusting for maternal genetic effects, smoking, alcohol consumption, and age at menarche.ResultsWe observed a null association for gestational variables, a negative association for birth weight, and positive associations for childhood BMI and adult traits (BMI, WHR, and WHRadjBMI). In female participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting insulin (betaIVW, −0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.11 to −0.03; p = 1.92 × 10−3), but not glucose levels, which was annulled by adjusting for age at menarche. In male participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting glucose (betainverse‐variance‐weighted (IVW), −0.07, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.03; p = 3.22 × 10−4), but not insulin levels. In time‐specific analyses, independent effects of birth weight were absent in female participants, and were more pronounced in male participants. Independent effects of childhood BMI were attenuated in both sexes; independent effects of adult traits differed by sex.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for causal and independent effects of sex‐ and time‐specific anthropometric traits on glycaemic variables, and highlight the importance of considering multiple obesity exposures at different time points in the life course.
Separate and combined effects of empagliflozin and semaglutide on vascular function: A 32‐week randomized trial
Authors: Vernstrøm Liv , Gullaksen Søren , Sørensen Steffen S. , Funck Kristian L. , Laugesen Esben , Poulsen Per L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimDespite the increasing use of combination treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, data are limited on the effects of combination treatment on markers of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin, semaglutide, and their combination on vascular function.Materials and MethodsIn total, 120 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized into four groups (n = 30 in each) for 32 weeks: placebo, semaglutide, empagliflozin, and their combination. The study had two co‐primary outcomes: change in arterial stiffness and kidney oxygenation. This paper reports on arterial stiffness assessed as carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity. Secondary outcomes included 24‐h blood pressure (BP), 24‐h central BP, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio and glycaemic control assessed by both continuous glucose monitoring and glycated haemoglobin.ResultsThe carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity did not change significantly in any of the groups compared with placebo. Twenty‐four‐hour systolic BP was reduced by 10 mmHg (95% CI 6–14), p < .001 in the combination group, significantly superior to both placebo and monotherapy (p < .05). Combination treatment increased glycaemic time in range from 72% at baseline to 91% at week 32, p < .001, without increasing time below range. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio decreased by 36% (95% CI 4–57), p = .03 in the combination group compared with placebo.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin, semaglutide, or their combination did not reduce arterial stiffness. Combination treatment showed a substantial and clinically important reduction in 24‐h systolic BP compared with either treatment alone. Combination treatment increased glycaemic time in range without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.
ChatGPT and Python programming homework
Authors: Ellis Michael E. , Casey K. Mike , Hill Geoffrey 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLarge Language Model (LLM) artificial intelligence tools present a unique challenge for educators who teach programming languages. While LLMs like ChatGPT have been well documented for their ability to complete exams and create prose, there is a noticeable lack of research into their ability to solve problems using high‐level programming languages. Like many other university educators, those teaching programming courses would like to detect if students submit assignments generated by an LLM. To investigate grade performance and the likelihood of instructors identifying code generated by artificial intelligence (AI) tools, we compare code generated by students and ChatGPT for introductory Python homework assignments. Our research reveals mixed results on both counts, with ChatGPT performing like a mid‐range student on assignments and seasoned instructors struggling to detect AI‐generated code. This indicates that although AI‐generated results may not always be identifiable, they do not currently yield results approaching those of diligent students. We describe our methodology for selecting and evaluating the code examples, the results of our comparison, and the implications for future classes. We conclude with recommendations for how instructors of programming courses can mitigate student use of LLM tools as well as articulate the inherent value of preserving students’ individual creativity in producing programming languages.
A role of frontal association cortex in long‐term object recognition memory of objects with complex features in rats
Authors: Masmudi‐Martín Mariam , López‐Aranda Manuel F. , Navarro‐Lobato Irene , Khan Zafar U. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPerirhinal cortex is a brain area that has been considered crucial for the object recognition memory (ORM). However, with the use of an ORM enhancer named RGS14414 as gain‐in‐function tool, we show here that frontal association cortex and not the Perirhinal cortex is essential for the ORM of objects with complex features that consisted of detailed drawing on the object surface (complex ORM). An expression of RGS14414, in rat brain frontal association cortex, induced the formation of long‐term complex ORM, whereas the expression of the same memory enhancer in Perirhinal cortex failed to produce this effect. Instead, RGS14414 expression in Perirhinal cortex caused the formation of ORM of objects with simple features that consisted of the shape of object (simple ORM). Further, a selective elimination of frontal association cortex neurons by treatment with an immunotoxin Ox7‐SAP completely abrogated the formation of complex ORM. Thus, our results suggest that frontal association cortex plays a key role in processing of a high‐order recognition memory information in brain.
Restricted genetic connectivity and conservation prospects of Bagrid catfish, Bagrus orientalis, populations in the Rufiji River basin, Tanzania
Authors: Saiperaki Jackson L. , Materu Silvia F. , Mkenda Prisila A. , Ligate Elly J. , Rumisha Cyrus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Bagrid catfish, Bagrus orientalis, historically sustained communities in the Rufiji River basin (RRB), Tanzania, but has rapidly declined due to high consumer demand and unsustainable fishing. Consequently, a Ramsar site was designated within the RRB, although its potential to revitalize overexploited populations beyond its boundaries is uncertain because of limited information on genetic connectivity. To address this uncertainty, 158 partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences of B. orientalis were analyzed to quantify genetic connectivity in the RRB. We observed significant genetic differentiation, indicating limited connectivity among populations. Populations in the Ramsar site were genetically connected to those in the Kilombero Valley Floodplain (KVFP), but were distinct from those in Ruaha and Rufiji, which clustered separately. Our findings suggested the Ramsar site could revitalize overexploited KVFP populations, and emphasized the need for sustained efforts against its encroachment. However, limited genetic connectivity with Ruaha and Rufiji implied that conservation measures in the site might have restricted effect in these areas. Conservation efforts should extend beyond the Ramsar site, by promoting sustainable fishing and enhancing habitat connectivity in Ruaha and Rufiji.
Health‐related quality of life of Indonesian children with hemophilia
Authors: Maimon Elsa , Widjajanto Pudjo Hagung , Sitaresmi Mei Neni 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionMeasuring health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in haemophilia patients provides a comprehensive patient's functional and the impact of the disease and its treatment.AimThis study aimed to assess the HRQoL of haemophilia children and related factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study from 6 April 2019 to 29 April 2019. We recruited children aged 8–16 years old who were members of the Yogyakarta Province Branch, Indonesian Haemophilia Society. Children filled in the Indonesian Haemo‐QoL short‐version questionnaire that consists of nine dimensions, and the score ranges from 0 to 100, in which a higher score shows a higher impartment.ResultsForty‐four children participated in this study. The mean age was 11.99 + 2.49. The median age of the first bleeding episode was 5 years, and the median frequency of spontaneous bleeding during the previous year was 13.5. All children received antihemophilic factor (AHF) on‐demand; most (81.8%) received AHF in the advanced symptoms. The mean total score of HRQoL was 42.7 ± 15.5, with the highest impairment in the family dimension, with a mean score of 68.0 ± 22.3. The severity of haemophilia was significantly correlated with the total score of HRQoL and dimensions of physical health, feeling, view, and family (effect size ranges from 0.30 to 0.42). The frequency of bleeding was significantly related to the total score of HRQoL and the feeling dimension (effect size of 0.47 and 0.34).ConclusionThe HRQoL of our study was lower than in countries where AHF prophylactic is provided. More severe haemophilia and more frequent bleeding significantly lower HRQoL.
Development and validation of a prognostic model for 90‐day survival in patients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation
Authors: Quan Hui , Yu Hao , Liu Xiao‐Li , Xiong Fei‐Xiang , Hou Yi‐Xin , Wang Xian‐Bo , Yang Zhi‐Yun , Jiang Yu‐Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground/purposePatients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation are considered critically ill and have a higher risk of short‐term mortality. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to evaluate their 90‐day survival and identify factors that affect disease progression.MethodsWe included patients from September 2008 to December 2016 (n = 387 in the derivation group) and from January 2017 to August 2020 (n = 157 in the validation group). LASSO regression and Cox multivariate risk regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the 90‐day mortality risk, and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of a model was analyzed based on the C‐index, area under the receiver operating curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.ResultsTotal bilirubin >10 upper limit of normal, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lymphocyte and monocyte ratios ≤2.33, white blood cells, and hemoglobin were identified as independent risk factors affecting the 90‐day mortality risk of patients and the nomogram was developed. A nomogram demonstrated excellent model predictive accuracy in both the derivation and validation cohorts (C‐index: 0.976 and 0.945), which was better than other commonly used liver scoring models (p < 0.05). The nomogram also performed good calibration ability and more clinical net benefit. According to the nomogram score, patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Mortality was significantly higher in the high‐risk group than in the low‐risk group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe nomogram could accurately predict the 90‐day mortality risk in patients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation, helping to identify high‐risk patients and personalize treatment at their first admission.
Doctoral students from Chinese prestigious universities who wish to work in the government sector: Perceptions and mechanisms
Authors: Yin Yue , Zhang Huirui , Tan Yue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the perceptions and mechanisms of doctoral student job decisions regarding the pursuit of careers in the government sector in China. Through the lens of social cognitive career theory (SCCT), we analysed 30 semi‐structured interviews that had been conducted with doctoral students from two prestigious Chinese universities who wish to work as civil servants. This study describes doctoral students' understanding of careers in government employment from the perspectives of work content, promotion channels and professional norms. The mechanisms influencing student career choices include personal goals, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and environment. The clear goal of political ambition and work–life balance directly drives doctoral students to choose government institutions for employment. The diploma signal of doctoral degree itself and academic training give doctoral students a high sense of self‐efficacy, which is necessary for their choice of employment in the government. Occupational safety, occupational benefits and occupational value constitute the expectations of positive outcomes providing doctoral students with good feedback. In the current environment, the labour market situation and the impetus of universities combine to form a push force and the preferential recruitment policies of the state form a pull force, which jointly promote doctoral students to make decisions to work in government sector. In this paper, the fact that the Chinese government introduced the ‘special selected graduates’ scheme for doctoral students from prestigious universities in hope of recruiting intellectual elites to improve the quality of civil servants and the modernization level of social governance. Universities encourage PhD graduates to enter the government, hoping that this would enhance their social influence and reputation, thereby safeguarding their status as prestigious universities. From an institutional perspective, the process of doctoral students becoming civil servants can be said to be a form of cooperation between the government and universities.
Screening and prevention of HPV‐related anogenital cancers in women living with HIV in Europe: Results from a systematic review
Authors: Krankowska Dagny , Mazzitelli Maria , Ucak Hazal Albayrak , Orviz Eva , Karakoc Hanife Nur , Mortimer Harriet , Aebi‐Popp Karoline , Gilleece Yvonne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundWomen living with HIV (WLWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers. Throughout Europe, there is great heterogeneity among guidelines for screening programmes, access to HPV testing and HPV vaccination. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize available data on screening and prevention measures for HPV‐related anogenital cancers in WLWH across the WHO European Region (WER).MethodsThe systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered on Prospero. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to identify available studies, written in English and published between 2011 and 2022. A metanalysis was conducted using random‐effects models to calculate pooled prevalence of HPV. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to country and HPV testing.ResultsThirty‐four articles involving 10 336 WLWH met the inclusion criteria. Studies were heterogenous in their methodology and presentation of results: 73.5% of studies focused on cervical cancer prevention, and only 4.4% on anal cancer; 76.5% of studies conducted HPV testing as a routine part of screening. The prevalence of high‐risk HPV was 30.5–33.9% depending on the detection method used. A total of 77% of WLWH had cervical cytology results reported. Six studies reported the positive association of CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL with HPV prevalence and cervical abnormalities. Anal HPV testing was conducted in <8% of participants. HPV vaccination was completed in 5.6% of women (106/1902) with known vaccination status. There was no information about the vaccination status of the majority of women in the analysed studies (8434/10336).ConclusionData about screening of HPV‐related anogenital cancer in WLWH in Europe are heterogenous and lacking, especially in relation to anal cancer. HPV DNA testing is not routinely done as part of screening for HPV‐related cancer; guidelines should include indications for when to use this test. Low CD4 count is a risk factor for HPV infection and cytological abnormalities. HPV vaccination data are poor and, when available, vaccination rates are very low among WLWH in Europe. This review concludes that significant improvements are required for data and also consistency on guidelines for HPV screening, prevention and vaccination in WLWH.