bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Military Occupation: Rethinking the Israeli Occupation on the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Authors: Salmoodi Rezeq Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This research focuses on an increasingly important question associated with the state of military occupation as part of International Humanitarian Law, namely, to what extent the rights and duties of an occupying power are to be broadened or otherwise minimized when an occupation of a foreign territory lasts for a long period of time? This question is necessitated by the practices of some occupying powers that claim their ‘original’ authority over occupied areas should exceed the original rights embodied in the legal corpus on military occupation due to the prolonged nature of their military presence. This research focuses on the state of the Israeli military occupation over the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs.) and found that the Israeli practices are calculated in this direction, i.e., the expansionist policy, which ultimately conflict with the corpus of rules of international law on military occupation.
Revisiting the Relationship between Polar Lows and Weather Regimes
Authors: Boyd Kevin , Wang Zhuo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The link between weather regimes (WRs) and polar low (PL) activity is examined over the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins. Compared to earlier studies based on limited, regional PL datasets, our study conducts a more complete evaluation of regional WR–PL relationships using an expanded PL climatology. Our findings show that PL activity is increased over the Norwegian and Barents Seas during the Atlantic ridge regime and decreased over the former region during the Scandinavian blocking regime, with negative impacts also stretching to the Irminger Sea. Over the Labrador and Irminger Seas, PL activity is modulated strongest by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), with positive impacts during the positive phase and vice versa. Over the North Pacific, the Arctic low contributes to increased PL activity over most regions, while the opposite is true for the Pacific wave train regime. The variability of PL activity associated with WRs is strongly related to changes in key environmental conditions. In general, regions of enhanced (reduced) PL activity are coincident with anomalous low-level northerly (southerly) flow and reduced (increased) static stability. Further analysis shows that certain persistent WRs can strongly modulate PL activity over some regions, either due to the amplification or propagation of favorable or unfavorable conditions, which cautions the limitation of regarding WRs as stationary patterns. A previously developed PL genesis potential index is shown to represent the observed impacts well, which serves to confirm the robustness of our findings and suggests the potential applicability of WRs to the subseasonal prediction of PLs.

Significance Statement
Polar lows are intense small-scale (∼300 km) cyclones that form over high-latitude oceanic regions. The hazardous impacts they pose to coastal communities and maritime and air operations in the Arctic motivate their skillful prediction, which remains a major challenge at lead times beyond a few days. In this study, we relate PLs and the key environmental conditions that favor their development to weather regimes, which are recurrent large-scale circulation patterns that can persist for weeks at a time. We find that weather regimes have strong impacts on polar low activity through the modulation of key environmental conditions. These relationships can potentially be utilized in the extended-range prediction of polar lows.
The Respective Roles of Ocean Heat Transport and Surface Heat Fluxes in Driving Arctic Ocean Warming and Sea Ice Decline
Authors: Oldenburg Dylan , Kwon Young-Oh , Frankignoul Claude , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yeager Stephen , Kim Who M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Arctic Ocean warming and sea ice loss are closely linked to increased ocean heat transport (OHT) into the Arctic and changes in surface heat fluxes. To quantitatively assess their respective roles, we use the 100-member Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), Large Ensemble over the 1920–2100 period. We first examine the Arctic Ocean warming in a heat budget framework by calculating the contributions from heat exchanges with atmosphere and sea ice and OHT across the Arctic Ocean gateways. Then we quantify how much anomalous heat from the ocean directly translates to sea ice loss and how much is lost to the atmosphere. We find that Arctic Ocean warming is driven primarily by increased OHT through the Barents Sea Opening, with additional contributions from the Fram Strait and Bering Strait OHTs. These OHT changes are driven mainly by warmer inflowing water rather than changes in volume transports across the gateways. The Arctic Ocean warming driven by OHT is partially damped by increased heat loss through the sea surface. Although absorbed shortwave radiation increases due to reduced surface albedo, this increase is compensated by increasing upwelling longwave radiation and latent heat loss. We also explicitly calculate the contributions of ocean–ice and atmosphere–ice heat fluxes to sea ice heat budget changes. Throughout the entire twentieth century as well as the early twenty-first century, the atmosphere is the main contributor to ice heat gain in summer, though the ocean’s role is not negligible. Over time, the ocean progressively becomes the main heat source for the ice as the ocean warms.

Significance Statement
Arctic Ocean warming and sea ice loss are closely linked to increased ocean heat transport (OHT) into the Arctic and changes in surface heat fluxes. Here we use 100 simulations from the same climate model to analyze future warming and sea ice loss. We find that Arctic Ocean warming is primarily driven by increased OHT through the Barents Sea Opening, though the Fram and Bering Straits are also important. This increased OHT is primarily due to warmer inflowing water rather than changing ocean currents. This ocean heat gain is partially compensated by heat loss through the sea surface. During the twentieth century and early twenty-first century, sea ice loss is mainly linked to heat transferred from the atmosphere; however, over time, the ocean progressively becomes the most important contributor.
Comprehensive genome‑wide analysis of the chicken heat shock protein family: identification, genomic organization, and expression profiles in indigenous chicken with highly pathogenic avian influenza infection
Authors: Truong Anh Duc , Tran Ha Thi Thanh , Chu Nhu Thi , Nguyen Huyen Thi , Phan Lanh , Phan Hoai Thi , Vu Thi Hao , Song Ki-Duk , Lillehoj Hyun S. , Hong Yeong Ho , Dang Hoang Vu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones with critical roles in chicken embryogenesis, immune response to infectious diseases, and response to various environmental stresses. However, little is known on HSP genes in chicken. In this study, to understand the roles of chicken HSPs, we performed genome-wide identification, expression, and functional analyses of the HSP family genes in chicken.

Results
A total of 76 HSP genes were identified in the chicken genome, which were further classified into eight distinct groups (I-VIII) based on phylogenetic tree analysis. The gene-structure analysis revealed that the members of each clade had the same or similar exon-intron structures. Chromosome mapping suggested that HSP genes were widely dispersed across the chicken genome, except in chromosomes 16, 18, 22, 25, 26, and 28–32, which lacked chicken HSP genes. On the other hand, the interactions among chicken HSPs were limited, indicating that the remaining functions of HSPs could be investigated in chicken. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the HSP gene family was involved in the regulation of heat stress, apoptotic, intracellular signaling, and immune response pathways. Finally, RNA sequencing data revealed that, of the 76 chicken HSP genes, 46 were differentially expressed at 21 different growth stages in chicken embryos, and 72 were differentially expressed on post-infection day 3 in two indigenous Ri chicken lines infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Conclusions
This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of HSPs in chicken, including the regulation of apoptosis, heat stress, chaperone activity, intracellular signaling, and immune response to infectious diseases.
Integrative transcriptomics reveals association of abscisic acid and lignin pathways with cassava whitefly resistance
Authors: Nye Danielle G. , Irigoyen Maria L. , Perez-Fons Laura , Bohorquez-Chaux Adriana , Hur Manhoi , Medina-Yerena Diana , Lopez-Lavalle Luis Augusto Becerra , Fraser Paul D. , Walling Linda L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Whiteflies are a global threat to crop yields, including the African subsistence crop cassava (Manihot esculenta). Outbreaks of superabundant whitefly populations throughout Eastern and Central Africa in recent years have dramatically increased the pressures of whitefly feeding and virus transmission on cassava. Whitefly-transmitted viral diseases threaten the food security of hundreds of millions of African farmers, highlighting the need for developing and deploying whitefly-resistant cassava. However, plant resistance to whiteflies remains largely poorly characterized at the genetic and molecular levels. Knowledge of cassava-defense programs also remains incomplete, limiting characterization of whitefly-resistance mechanisms. To better understand the genetic basis of whitefly resistance in cassava, we define the defense hormone- and Aleurotrachelus socialis (whitefly)-responsive transcriptome of whitefly-susceptible (COL2246) and whitefly-resistant (ECU72) cassava using RNA-seq. For broader comparison, hormone-responsive transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana were also generated.

Results
Whitefly infestation, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) transcriptome responses of ECU72 and COL2246 were defined and analyzed. Strikingly, SA responses were largely reciprocal between the two cassava genotypes and we suggest candidate regulators. While susceptibility was associated with SA in COL2246, resistance to whitefly in ECU72 was associated with ABA, with SA-ABA antagonism observed. This was evidenced by expression of genes within the SA and ABA pathways and hormone levels during A. socialis infestation. Gene-enrichment analyses of whitefly- and hormone-responsive genes suggest the importance of fast-acting cell wall defenses (e.g., elicitor recognition, lignin biosynthesis) during early infestation stages in whitefly-resistant ECU72. A surge of ineffective immune and SA responses characterized the whitefly-susceptible COL2246’s response to late-stage nymphs. Lastly, in comparison with the model plant Arabidopsis, cassava’s hormone-responsive genes showed striking divergence in expression.

Conclusions
This study provides the first characterization of cassava’s global transcriptome responses to whitefly infestation and defense hormone treatment. Our analyses of ECU72 and COL2246 uncovered possible whitefly resistance/susceptibility mechanisms in cassava. Comparative analysis of cassava and Arabidopsis demonstrated that defense programs in Arabidopsis may not always mirror those in crop species. More broadly, our hormone-responsive transcriptomes will also provide a baseline for the cassava community to better understand global responses to other yield-limiting pests/pathogens.
Distinctive plastome evolution in carnivorous angiosperms
Authors: Fu Chao-Nan , Wicke Susann , Zhu An-Dan , Li De-Zhu , Gao Lian-Ming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndependent origins of carnivory in multiple angiosperm families are fabulous examples of convergent evolution using a diverse array of life forms and habitats. Previous studies have indicated that carnivorous plants have distinct evolutionary trajectories of plastid genome (plastome) compared to their non-carnivorous relatives, yet the extent and general characteristics remain elusive.ResultsWe compared plastomes from 9 out of 13 carnivorous families and their non-carnivorous relatives to assess carnivory-associated evolutionary patterns. We identified inversions in all sampled Droseraceae species and four species ofUtricularia,Pinguicula,DarlingtoniaandTriphyophyllum. A few carnivores showed distinct shifts in inverted repeat boundaries and the overall repeat contents. Manyndhgenes, along with some other genes, were independently lost in several carnivorous lineages. We detected significant substitution rate variations in most sampled carnivorous lineages. A significant overall substitution rate acceleration characterizes the two largest carnivorous lineages of Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae. We also observe moderate substitution rates acceleration in many genes ofCephalotus follicularis,Roridula gorgonias, andDrosophyllum lusitanicum. However, only a few genes exhibit significant relaxed selection.ConclusionOur results indicate that the carnivory of plants have different effects on plastome evolution across carnivorous lineages. The complex mechanism under carnivorous habitats may have resulted in distinctive plastome evolution with conserved plastome in theBrocchinia hechtioidesto strongly reconfigured plastomes structures in Droseraceae. Organic carbon obtained from prey and the efficiency of utilizing prey-derived nutrients might constitute possible explanation.
Medical behaviours and medication adherence of older hypertensive patients in different medical insurance programs in Beijing, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lan Lan , Hai Pengcheng , Luo Jiawei , Li Rui , Wang Yilong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Grassroots medical institutions are the primary “battlefield” of hypertension management based on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policies in China. There is a considerable difference in the insured population and reimbursement ratio between different medical insurance programs. The management of hypertension directly affects the development trend of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods
To understand the difference between different medical insurance programs regarding the management of older hypertensive patients, all outpatients aged 60 and above with hypertension in the basic medical insurance database of Beijing, China, from April 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020, were included. Medical behaviours included patients’ choice of hospital level, type of hospital, number of hospitals visited, grassroots medical institutions and cross-district visits. Medication adherence was evaluated by calculating the medication possession ratio of antihypertensive medications. First, we adopted a statistical description for medical behaviours and medication adherence. Then, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of medication adherence.

Results
This study included 1.29 million patients with Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and 0.31 million patients with Urban‒Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI). The proportions of patients with UEBMI who chose tertiary hospitals, comprehensive hospitals, grassroots medical institutions and cross-district visits were 25.84%, 56.09%, 57.34% and 39.32%, respectively, while those of patients with URRBMI were 11.14%, 60.59%, 81.28% and 6.07%, respectively. The medication adherence rates of men and women taking one medication were 61.04% and 55.86%, respectively. UEBMI patients who took their medication accounted for 62.36%, while only 40.27% of URRBMI patients adhered to their medication. The percentages of young-old, old-old and oldest-old patients who took their antihypertensive medications were 58.05%, 59.09% and 56.78%, respectively. The adherence to taking ≥ 2 medications (35.47%) was lower than that to taking one medication (58.33%). The medication adherence rates of patients with UEBMI and URRBMI for taking ≥ 2 medications were 37.21% and 27.45%, respectively.

Conclusions
Patients with UEBMI were more inclined to choose tertiary hospitals and cross-district visits than patients with URRBMI. The adherence of patients with UEBMI was better than that of patients with URRBMI in China.
The value of serum neutralizing antibody in evaluating predictability of COVID-19 after recovery and the validation of vaccine
Authors: Guo Bianqin , Li Zheng , Fu Gang , Li Hong , Yang Jing , Zhang Zhenbin , Wu Lixiang , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
This work aimed to study natural humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods
Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) was used to detect the neutralizing antibody (Nabs) and IgG.

Results
Nabs peaked on days 57–96 after symptom onset and remained detected on days 97–132. The Nabs in the 32 patients who were dynamically monitored showed four changing patterns. The titers of Nabs and IgG were correlated, and three modes of relationship were found between them.

Conclusions
Nabs showed a regular change in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The detection of Nabs is very important for monitoring the course of COVID-19 and predicting the strength of antibody protection.
Investigating cognitive reserve, symptom resolution and brain connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ekdahl Natascha , Möller Marika C. , Deboussard Catharina Nygren , Stålnacke Britt-Marie , Lannsjö Marianne , Nordin Love Engström 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
A proportion of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suffer long-term consequences, and the reasons behind this are still poorly understood. One factor that may affect outcomes is cognitive reserve, which is the brain's ability to maintain cognitive function despite injury. It is often assessed through educational level or premorbid IQ tests. This study aimed to explore whether there were differences in post-concussion symptoms and symptom resolution between patients with mTBI and minor orthopedic injuries one week and three months after injury. Additional aims were to explore the relationship between cognitive reserve and outcome, as well as functional connectivity according to resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Method
Fifteen patients with mTBI and 15 controls with minor orthopedic injuries were recruited from the emergency department. Assessments, including Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ), neuropsychological testing, and rs-fMRI scans, were conducted on average 7 days (SD = 2) and 122 days (SD = 51) after injury.

Results
At the first time point, significantly higher rates of post-concussion symptoms (U = 40.0, p = 0.003), state fatigue (U = 56.5, p = 0.014), and fatigability (U = 58.5, p = 0.025) were observed among the mTBI group than among the controls. However, after three months, only the difference in post-concussion symptoms remained significant (U = 27.0, p = 0.003). Improvement in post-concussion symptoms was found to be significantly correlated with cognitive reserve, but only in the mTBI group (Spearman’s rho = -0.579, p = .038). Differences in the trajectory of recovery were also observed for fatigability between the two groups (U = 36.5, p = 0.015). Moreover, functional connectivity differences in the frontoparietal network were observed between the groups, and for mTBI patients, functional connectivity differences in an executive control network were observed over time.

Conclusion
The findings of this pilot study suggest that mTBI, compared to minor orthopedic trauma, is associated to both functional connectivity changes in the brain and concussion-related symptoms. While there is improvement in these symptoms over time, a small subgroup with lower cognitive reserve appears to experience more persistent and possibly worsening symptoms over time. This, however, needs to be validated in larger studies.

Trial registration
NCT05593172. Retrospectively registered.
How should the healthcare system support cancer survivors? Survivors’ and health professionals’ expectations and perception on comprehensive cancer survivorship care in Korea: a qualitative study
Authors: Lee Su Jung , Jin Dal-Lae , Kim Young Ae , Seo Hyun-Ju , Yoon Seok-Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundQualitative research on cancer survivors’ need for comprehensive cancer survivorship care within the health care system is limited. Our study aimed to understand cancer survivors' and health professionals' expectations and perceptions for developing a comprehensive cancer survivorship care system in South Korea.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted. A total of 16 subjects (11 cancer survivors and 5 health professionals) were purposively sampled from Regional Cancer Survivorship Centers or Cancer Survivor Clinics in Korea. In-depth semi-structured online or face-to-face interviews were conducted. Six steps of thematic analysis were used to analyze data.ResultsThe following four primary themes emerged from the interviews: 1) introducing a customized follow-up care system to improve continuity of survivorship care, 2) implementing educational strategies for both survivors and health professionals to manage changed health, and 3) accepting cancer survivors as companions. These three themes included a total of nine subthemes. As a result, the comprehensive survivorship model identified needs in terms of 1) changes in the medical healthcare system and core services that can accommodate the cancer survivors’ condition and 2) necessary care services and social support for cancer survivors.ConclusionsThis study identified the existing gaps in Korea’s current healthcare system regarding comprehensive cancer survivorship care for cancer survivors. Further research on eHealth-based counseling and educational support, the payment models of cancer survivorship care within universal health coverage, and changing social perceptions to strengthen the biopsychosocial needs of cancer survivors is needed.