bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high temperature Soret effect in a silicate melt: SiO2 migration to cold side
Authors: Nishida Yuma , Shimizu Masahiro , Okuno Tatsuya , Matsuoka Jun , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Miura Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2023

The Soret effect, temperature gradient driven diffusion, in silicate melts has been investigated intensively in the earth sciences from the 1980s. The SiO2 component is generally concentrated in the hotter region of silicate melts under a temperature gradient. Here, we report that at ultra-high temperatures above ∼3000 K, SiO2 becomes concentrated in the colder region of the silicate melts under a temperature gradient. The interior of an aluminosilicate glass [63.3SiO2–16.3Al2O3–20.4CaO (mol. %)] was irradiated with a 250 kHz femtosecond laser pulse for local heating. SiO2 migrated to the colder region during irradiation with an 800 pulse (3.2 ms irradiation). The temperature analysis indicated that migration to the colder region occurred above 3060 K. In the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation, SiO2 migrated to the colder region under a temperature gradient, which had an average temperature of 4000 K; this result supports the experimental result. On the other hand, SiO2 exhibited a tendency to migrate to the hotter region at 2400 K in both the NEMD and experimental study. The molar volume calculated by molecular dynamics simulation without a temperature gradient indicates two bends at 1650 and 3250 K under 500 MPa. Therefore, the discontinuous (first order) transition with coexistence of two phases of different composition could be related to the migration of SiO2 to colder region. However, the detailed mechanism has not been elucidated.
A systematic improvement to UGA-SSMRCCSD equations and its implication for potential energy curves
Authors: Chakravarti Dibyajyoti , Sen Sangita , Mukherjee Debashis 
Published: October 2023

The Unitary Group Adaptation (UGA) offers a very compact and efficient spin adaptation strategy for any spin-free Hamiltonian in a many body framework. Our use of UGA in the context of state-specific (SS) Jeziorski–Monkhorst Ansatz based multireference coupled cluster (MRCC) theory obviates the non-commutativity between the spin-free cluster operators via a normal ordered exponential parametrization in the wave operator. A previous formulation of UGA-SSMRCC by us [R. Maitra, D. Sinha, and D. Mukherjee, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 024105 (2012)], using the same ansatz, employed certain sufficiency conditions to reach the final working equations, which cannot be improved systematically. In this article, we will present a more rigorous formulation that follows from an exact factorization of the unlinked terms of the Bloch equation, resulting in equations on which a hierarchy of approximations can be systematically performed on the emergent additional terms. This derivation was shown in our recent article [D. Chakravarti, S. Sen, and D. Mukherjee, Mol. Phys. 119, e1979676 (2021)] in the context of a single open shell CC formalism and was applied to spectroscopic energy differences where the contribution of the new terms was found to be of the order of ∼0.001 eV for ionization potential, electron affinity, and excitation energy. In the current work, we will present a comparison between the earlier and current formulations via both a theoretical analysis and a numerical demonstration of the dramatic effect of the additional terms brought in by the factorization on potential energy curves. The contribution of such terms was found to gain importance with an increase in the number of singly occupied active orbitals in the model space functions.
Algorithm development for automatic laser alignment assessment on an ACR CT phantom and its evaluation on sixteen CT scanners
Authors: Anam Choirul , Amilia Riska , Naufal Ariij , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of this study is to develop software to automatically assess the laser alignment on the ACR CT phantom and evaluate its accuracy on sixteen CT scanners. Methods. Software for an automated method of laser alignment assessment on the ACR CT phantom was developed. Laser alignment assessment was based on the positions of the ball-bearing markers at the edge of the ACR CT phantom. The automatic assessment was performed using several steps, including segmentation to acquire the coordinates of the ball-bearing markers and determination of the distances between lines connecting them with lines through the center of the image. A comparison of the results from the automatic method with those from the manual method was performed. The manual measurements were carried out using MicroDicom Viewer. A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to determine the statistical difference between both methods. The evaluation was performed on images of the ACR CT phantom scanned with 16 CT scanners from 5 different CT manufacturers. Results. The results confirmed that our software successfully segments the ball-bearing markers and determines the laser alignment assessment on the ACR CT phantom. Evaluation of the algorithm with images from the 16 CT scanners revealed that the difference between the results from automatic and manual methods were about 0.2 mm with a p value of around 0.7 (no statistical difference). Misalignment in the y-axis was larger than the misalignment in the x-axisfor the majority of the scanners tested. It was found that the phantom tended to be placed 2 mm higher than the iso-center. Conclusions. Software to automatically assess CT laser alignment with the ACR CT phantom was successfully developed and evaluated. The automatic assessment was comparable to manual assessment. In addition, the automatic method was user independent and fast.
Serologic Immunity to Tetanus in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2016
Authors: Bampoe Valerie D , Brown Nicole , Deng Li , Schiffer Jarad , Jia Lily Tao , Epperson Monica , Gorantla Yamini , Park So Hee , Ao Jingning , Acosta Anna M , Hariri Susan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Tetanus, a life-threatening infection, has become rare in the United States since introduction of tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCVs), recommended as a childhood series followed by decennial boosters beginning at age 11–12 years; vaccination uptake is high in children but suboptimal in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sero-immunity to tetanus among persons aged ≥6 years in the United States and to identify factors associated with tetanus sero-immunity. Understanding population protection against tetanus informs current and future vaccine recommendations.

Methods
Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody concentrations were measured for participants of the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) aged ≥6 years for whom surplus serum samples were available using a microsphere-based multiplex antibody capture assay. Prevalence of sero-immunity, defined as ≥0.10 IU/mL, was estimated overall and by demographic characteristics. Factors associated with tetanus sero-immunity were examined using multivariable regression.

Results
Overall, 93.8% of the US population aged ≥6 years had sero-protection against tetanus. Prevalence of sero-immunity was above 90% across racial/ethnic categories, sex, and poverty levels. By age, ≥ 90% had protective sero-immunity through age 69 years, but prevalence of sero-immunity declined thereafter, with 75.8% of those aged ≥80 years having protective sero-immunity. Older age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .85–.92) and being born outside the United States (aPR: 0.96, 95% CI: .93–.98) were significantly associated with lower prevalence of sero-immunity.

Conclusions
The majority of the US population has vaccine-induced sero-immunity to tetanus, demonstrating the success of the vaccination program.
A Brief History of Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Infection
Authors: Palestro Christopher J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For nearly 50 years, nuclear medicine has played an important role in the diagnosis of infection. Gallium citrate Ga 67 was one of the first, if not the first, radionuclide used for this purpose. Unfavorable imaging characteristics, a lack of specificity, and the long interval (2–3 days) between administration and imaging spurred the search for alternatives. At the present time, gallium 67 citrate is used primarily for differentiating acute tubular necrosis from interstitial nephritis and as an alternative for indications including sarcoid, spondylodiscitis, and fever of unknown origin, when 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is not available. The approval, in the mid-1980s, of techniques for in vitro labeling of leukocytes with indium-111 and technetium-99m that subsequently migrate to foci of infection was a significant advance in nuclear medicine imaging of infection and labeled leukocyte imaging still plays an important role in imaging of infection. There are significant disadvantages to in vitro labeled leukocyte imaging. Unfortunately, efforts devoted to developing in vivo leukocyte labeling methods have met with only limited success. Over the past 20 years 18F-FDG has established itself as a valuable imaging agent for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular infections, as well as sarcoidosis and fever of unknown origin. As useful as these agents are, their uptake is based on the host response to infection, not infection itself. Previous attempts at developing infection-specific agents, including radiolabeled antibiotics and vitamins, were limited by poor results and/or lack of availability, so investigators continue to focus on developing infection-specific nuclear medicine imaging agents.
Visualizing Bacterial Infections With Novel Targeted Molecular Imaging Approaches
Authors: Chen Xueyi , Gallagher Ferdia , Sellmyer Mark A , Ordonez Alvaro A , Kjaer Andreas , Ohliger Michael , Wilson David M , Jain Sanjay K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although nearly a century has elapsed since the discovery of penicillin, bacterial infections remain a major global threat. Global antibiotic use resulted in an astounding 42 billion doses of antibiotics administered in 2015 with 128 billion annual doses expected by 2030. This overuse of antibiotics has led to the selection of multidrug-resistant “super-bugs,” resulting in increasing numbers of patients being susceptible to life-threatening infections with few available therapeutic options. New clinical tools are therefore urgently needed to identify bacterial infections and monitor response to antibiotics, thereby limiting overuse of antibiotics and improving overall health. Next-generation molecular imaging affords unique opportunities to target and identify bacterial infections, enabling spatial characterization as well as noninvasive, temporal monitoring of the natural course of the disease and response to therapy. These emerging noninvasive imaging approaches could overcome several limitations of current tools in infectious disease, such as the need for biological samples for testing with their associated sampling bias. Imaging of living bacteria can also reveal basic biological insights about their behavior in vivo.
Antimicrobial resistance and rational prescription practices: knowledge, perceptions and confidence of health profession interns in Uganda
Authors: Nabidda Shamim , Ssennyonjo Rogers , Atwaru Joseph , Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Baryayaka Shiellah , Pangholi Kennedy , Tusiimire Jonans 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is significantly driven by misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Graduate health profession interns often prescribe antimicrobials under minimum supervision.

Objectives
This study explored the knowledge, perceptions and confidence of health profession interns in Uganda regarding AMR and rational prescription practices.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey employing quantitative techniques carried out between October and November 2022 at six tertiary hospitals in Uganda. Health profession interns including doctors, nurses, midwives and pharmacists were recruited as study participants. Data were collected using online Kobo toolbox software. Data analysis was performed using STATA (StataCorp) version 16. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
We recruited 281 participants with a mean age of 27 ± 3.8 years, of which few (n = 53; 19%) had good knowledge about AMR and rational prescription. The use of professional organization guidelines as a source of information was significantly associated with good knowledge (adjusted OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0–3.5; P = 0.046). Nurses had the least knowledge compared with doctors and pharmacists. Continuous medical education (99%) and availability of clinical guidelines (98%) were identified as the most helpful intervention to improve knowledge. Most participants were confident about accurately diagnosing infections and sepsis and selecting appropriate antimicrobials.

Conclusions
Continuous medical education and availability of clinical and professional organization guidelines should be leveraged to improve the knowledge of AMR and rational prescription among health profession interns. Their high confidence in rational prescription practices should be pivotal to the fight against AMR.
Assessing characteristics of populations seen at Commission on Cancer facilities using Pennsylvania linked data
Authors: Reed Kristine G , Sun Zhaojun , Yabes Jonathan G , Drake Coleman , Ober Nicole , Jacobs Bruce , van Londen G J , Bradley Cathy J , Sabik Lindsay M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Commission on Cancer (CoC) accreditation certifies facilities provide quality care. We assessed differences among patients who do and do not visit CoC facilities using Pennsylvania Cancer Registry data linked to facility records for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2018 and 2019 (n = 87 472). Predicted probabilities from multivariable logistic regression indicated patients in the most advantaged Area Deprivation Index quartiles were more likely to visit CoC facilities (78.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 77.5% to 78.6%) compared with other quartiles. Urban patients (74.1%, 95% CI = 73.8% to 74.4%) were more likely than rural to be seen at a CoC facility (62.7%, 95% CI = 61.2% to 64.2%) as were Hispanic patients (88.0%, 95% CI = 86.7% to 89.3%) and non-Hispanic Black patients (79.1%, 95% CI = 78.1% to 80.0%) compared with White patients (72.0%, 95% CI = 71.7% to 72.4%). Differences in demographics suggest CoC data may underrepresent some groups, including low-income and rural patients.
Predicting the impact of feedback on matter clustering with machine learning in CAMELS
Authors: Delgado Ana Maria , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Thiele Leander , Pandey Shivam , Lehman Kai , Somerville Rachel S , Ntampaka Michelle , Genel Shy , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Hernquist Lars 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Extracting information from the total matter power spectrum with the precision needed for upcoming cosmological surveys requires unraveling the complex effects of galaxy formation processes on the distribution of matter. We investigate the impact of baryonic physics on matter clustering at z = 0 using a library of power spectra from the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning Simulations project, containing thousands of $(25\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc})^3$ volume realizations with varying cosmology, initial random field, stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback strength and subgrid model implementation methods. We show that baryonic physics affects matter clustering on scales $k \gtrsim 0.4\, h\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ and the magnitude of this effect is dependent on the details of the galaxy formation implementation and variations of cosmological and astrophysical parameters. Increasing AGN feedback strength decreases halo baryon fractions and yields stronger suppression of power relative to N-body simulations, while stronger stellar feedback often results in weaker effects by suppressing black hole growth and therefore the impact of AGN feedback. We find a broad correlation between mean baryon fraction of massive haloes (M200c &gt; 1013.5 M⊙) and suppression of matter clustering but with significant scatter compared to previous work owing to wider exploration of feedback parameters and cosmic variance effects. We show that a random forest regressor trained on the baryon content and abundance of haloes across the full mass range 1010 ≤ Mhalo/M⊙&lt;1015 can predict the effect of galaxy formation on the matter power spectrum on scales k = 1.0–20.0 $h\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$.
Anal Cancers in Previously Screened Versus Unscreened Patients: Tumor Stage and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Walker Richard J.B. , Easson Alexandra M. , Hosni Ali , Kim John , Weiss Edward , Santiago Anna Theresa , Chesney Tyler R. , Salit Irving E. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Targeted screening programs for patients at high risk for anal squamous cell carcinoma have been proposed; however, the evidence in support of screening remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine whether screening high-risk patients (predominantly those living with HIV) detected squamous cell carcinoma at an earlier stage compared to the routine practice of not screening.

DESIGN:
This is a cohort study.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted at a quaternary care center in Canada.

PATIENTS:
Included patients were at least 18 years old with a pathologic diagnosis of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma between 2002 and 2022.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients diagnosed through a high-risk screening program were compared to those who did not undergo screening.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome was clinical stage at presentation, categorized as T1N0M0 vs. other. Secondary outcomes included treatments received, treatment failure, and overall survival.

RESULTS:
A total of 612 anal squamous cell carcinoma patients were included, with 26 of those patients diagnosed through a screening program. Patients with screen-detected cancers had greater odds of presenting with T1N0M0 tumors compared to unscreened patients (18 [69.2%] vs. 84 [14.3%]; adjusted odds ratio 9.95; 95% confidence interval 3.95-25.08). A propensity score matched sensitivity analysis found similar results (odds ratio 11.13; 95% confidence interval 4.67-26.52; p < 0.001). Screened patients had greater odds of treatment with wide local excision alone, as opposed to any combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery (3 [12.5%] vs. 18 [3.2%]; odds ratio 4.38; 95% confidence interval 1.20-16.04). There were no statistically significant differences in treatment failure or overall survival between groups.

LIMITATIONS:
The small number of screened patients limits the power of the analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Screening for anal squamous cell carcinoma amongst high-risk populations detects cancers at an earlier stage. Patients with screen-detected cancers also had a greater likelihood of being candidates for wide local excision alone, which may have spared them the morbidity associated with chemoradiotherapy or abdominoperineal resection.
Efficacy and Safety of Precision Cryotherapy to Treat Seborrheic Dermatitis of the Scalp
Authors: Choi Yeon Gu , Kim Sang Yeon , Kim Jin Seop , Choi Young-Jun , Kim Won-Serk 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND
Recently, a new cryotherapy device that precisely controls skin temperature was developed. Precision cryotherapy (PC) can be a safe and alternative treatment modality for immune-related skin diseases that are difficult to treat by conventional cryotherapy because of serious adverse events.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PC in scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD).

METHODS
A single-arm, prospective trial was designed. Twenty-four patients with SD underwent 3 PC interventions 2 weeks apart. At the baseline, Week 6, and Week 8, overall improvements in Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and clinical severity scores were assessed. At each visit, the erythema index (EI) and transepidermal water loss were evaluated. The patients scored 9 subjective symptoms using a visual analog scale (VAS).

RESULTS
The itch VAS score decreased by 50.4% at Week 8. Blinded investigators reported improvement of PGA scores from 2.86 ± 0.62 to 1.66 ± 0.61 and clinical severity scores from 4.55 ± 1.30 to 2.45 ± 1.37. The average EI decreased by 19.6% at Week 8 (p < .05).

CONCLUSION
This study not only demonstrated the efficacy and safety of PC in scalp SD but it also revealed insights for PC being a promising treatment modality in immune-related skin diseases.
Feasibility of Integrating MEditatioN inTO heaRt Disease (the MENTOR Study)
Authors: Rao Angela , Zecchin Robert , Newton Phillip J. , Read Scott A. , Phillips Jane L. , DiGiacomo Michelle , Chang Sungwon , Denniss Alan Robert , Hickman Louise D. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Comorbid depression and/or anxiety symptoms occur in 25% of patients attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs and are associated with poorer prognosis. There is a need to evaluate psychological interventions, including meditation, that have potential to improve psychological health in CR programs.

Aims
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of integrating a meditation intervention into an existing Australian CR program for the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Methods
This was a mixed-methods feasibility randomized controlled trial. Thirty-one patients with CVD and, at a minimum, mild depression and/or anxiety symptoms were randomized to meditation and standard CR or to standard CR alone. A 16-minute guided group meditation was delivered face-to-face once a week for 6 weeks, with daily self-guided meditation practice between sessions. Feasibility outcomes included screening, recruitment, and retention. Semistructured interviews of patients' (n = 10) and health professionals' (n = 18) perspectives of intervention participation and delivery were undertaken to assess acceptability. Between-group differences in depression, anxiety, stress, self-efficacy for mindfulness, and health status at 6 and 12 weeks were also assessed.

Results and Conclusion
Meditation was considered feasible, with 83% (12/15) of the intervention group completing an average of 3.13 (SD, 2.56) out of 6 group meditation sessions and 5.28 (SD, 8.50) self-guided sessions. Meditation was considered acceptable by patients, clinicians, and health managers. Between-group differences in the number of CR sessions completed favored the intervention group in per-protocol analyses (intervention group vs control group, 12 vs 9 sessions; P = .014), which suggests that meditation may be useful to improve patients' adherence to exercise-based CR program.