bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of complementary and alternative therapies and probiotic agents by children attending gastroenterology outpatient clinics
Authors: Day AS 
Published: March 2003

Objectives:  Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) and probiotic therapies appear to be increasingly accepted and used. This questionnaire‐based study aimed to ascertain the frequency of use and the acceptance of these therapies by children attending outpatient gastroenterology clinics.Methods:  Parents accompanying children to their appointments were asked to complete a questionnaire in order to determine usage of probiotic and alternative therapies. Questions also ascertained relevant background information and parental acceptance of alternative therapies.Results:  Ninety‐two questionnaires were completed. The ages of the children varied from 6 months to 16 years (mean ± SD; 6.5 ± 4.3 years) and they had been prescribed an average of 1.7 ± 1.3 (range 0−6) conventional medications. Thirty‐three children (35.9%) were taking CAM and 98.6% of parents answered that they would be prepared to administer CAM to their child. Symptomatic improvements were attributed to CAM by the parents of 24 out of 33 children given these therapies. In addition, probiotic therapies were utilized by 23.8% of children, and 93.0% of parents would administer probiotic agents if recommended for their child's condition.Conclusion:  Complementary and alternative medicines and probiotic therapies are used frequently by children attending gastroenterology clinics and are accepted widely by their parents.
Non‐accidental carbon monoxide poisoning from burning charcoal in attempted combined homicide−suicide
Authors: Lee ACW , Ou Y , Lam SY , So KT , Kam CW 
Published: March 2003

Objective:  To describe an emerging form of serious child abuse in combined homicide−suicide in Hong Kong.Method:  This is a retrospective hospital chart review in a regional hospital in Hong Kong from January to December 2000.Results:  Eight children, with a mean age of 7.8 years (range 0.5−11 years), from four families were admitted to hospital because of non‐accidental exposure to carbon monoxide when their parents attempted suicide by burning charcoal. A 7‐year‐old boy died on arrival. His 5.6‐year‐old sister and another 6‐month‐old boy had cerebral hypoxia on admission. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was used in both cases, with rapid improvement, although there were persistent neurological deficits in the girl. The other children in the present study were asymptomatic and none had delayed neurological sequelae. Concomitant use of sedatives was also detected in three of the surviving patients.Conclusions:  Non‐accidental poisoning with carbon monoxide appears to be a new means of child abuse with potentially serious consequences. Concomitant intoxication with psychotropic drugs is common in such cases. The reason for parents killing their own children under such circumstances was unclear, but a desire to exact revenge on an estranged partner was suggested.
Fate of abstracts published in the proceedings of the first annual Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand Congress in 1997
Authors: Davies MW , Dunster KR , East CE , Lingwood BE 
Published: March 2003

Objectives:  To examine the fate of research presented at the first annual Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ) Congress in 1997, by determining: the rate of publication in peer‐reviewed biomedical journals; publication rate by discipline; journals in which work was published; concordance for aims, conclusions, authors and number of study subjects; and time from presentation to publication.Methods:  A MEDLINE search was conducted for any publication in a peer‐reviewed journal resulting from a publishable abstract from the proceedings of the first annual PSANZ Congress in 1997. Searching was completed 42 months post‐congress. The concordance of aims, conclusions, authors and number of subjects between abstract and published paper was determined.Results:  There were 172 publishable abstracts in the proceedings of the PSANZ Congress in 1997, and 78 (45%) were published as 83 articles. Basic sciences had the highest publication rate (67%) and midwifery the lowest (20%). Articles were published in 41 journals, with one‐third of the articles in three paediatric journals. There was a match with aims in 75%, and with conclusions in 65%. There were 47/77 with the same number of subjects, 20/77 with more and 10/77 with fewer. There were 22 articles with one author added, 12 had more than one author added, 11 had one author removed and five had more than one author removed. Median time‐to‐publication was 18 months (interquartile range 9−26 months).Conclusions:  A publication rate of 45% is comparable to other conferences. Basic science and neonatology had the highest publication rates. There were considerable differences between abstract and published article in terms of aims, conclusions, number of subjects and authors.
Controlling seizures in the prehospital setting: Diazepam or midazolam?
Authors: Rainbow J , Browne GJ , Lam LT 
Published: March 2003

Objective:  To determine which is the most effective and safe treatment for controlling seizures in children out‐of‐hospital: diazepam or midazolam.Methods:  A retrospective review of the medical records of children presenting to the Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW‐ED) with seizures requiring treatment in the field by paramedics was carried out over a 4‐year period (April 1996 to March 2000). In New South Wales, children with seizures in the prehospital setting received 0.5 mg/kg per rectum (p.r.) or 0.1 mg/kg i.v. diazepam until March 1998 and from March 1997 onwards they received 0.15 mg/kg i.m. or 0.1 mg/kg i.v. midazolam. The main outcome measured was cessation of seizure in the prehospital setting. Secondary outcomes were time taken to initiate treatment and the frequency of cardiorespiratory compromise.Results:  Over the 4‐year period, 2566 children presented to CHW‐ED with a seizure; 107 children were eligible for entry into the present study. Of these 107 patients, 62 received diazepam and 45 received midazolam. Thirty‐one (50.0%) in the diazepam group and 15 (33.3%) in the midazolam group were febrile seizures. Both groups were similar in terms of demographics and seizure type. A comparison of diazepam with midazolam showed that both drugs were effective in stopping seizures within 5 min of drug administration (37.1% cf. 51.1%). Fewer patients in the midazolam group suffered apnoea (20.0% cf. 29.0%; P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Midazolam controls seizures as effectively as diazepam in the prehospital setting. Furthermore, midazolam potentially reduces respiratory depression and time to treatment.
A model to predict reservoir sedimentation
Authors: Tarela Pablo A. , Menéndez Angel N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn efficient mathematical model to predict the sedimentation process in a reservoir is presented. It is based on a parabolized and laterally integrated form of the governing equations. For its numerical solution the finite element method is used. The model formulation and numerical scheme are both explained. The model is validated through comparisons with empirical curves that quantify sedimentation in a reservoir. The velocity and sediment concentration profiles in typical situations are shown. Solid discharge longitudinal evolution, as well as stratification conditions, are studied. The formation and growth of bottom structures are explained. It is shown that the reservoir bottom evolution depends strongly on the geometry of the reservoir and the sediment size. It is also shown that the system acts as a filter for the coarse and fine fractions of the solid discharge.
Social ecology in the Danube Delta: Theory and practice
Authors: Boja Virginia , Popescu Ioana 
Published: March 2003

AbstractApproximately 15 000 people make their homes in the Danube Delta. They live in small villages throughout the Delta and subsist on fishing with subsidiary occupations of agriculture and animal husbandry. Their homes are traditional and built of locally available materials. Efforts during the communist regime to centralise, homogenise and industrialise the population were not a resounding success. There is a large degree of ethnic diversity: four ethnic and three religious groups are present, although interactions between the groups are harmonious. There is little entertainment in the region and a poor infrastructure for education and health care. Fishing is controlled through fisheries who assign quotas and purchase the fish harvest. Prices are low and black market fisheries flourish. Conservation of the Delta is being carried out by the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (DDBR). The implementation of fish and wildlife control is carried out by rangers, who are disliked by the inhabitants because of their aggressive tactics. They are regarded as complementary to the Delta police. The separation of the DDBR, regional politicians and the people is unfortunate and there is a need to involve all parties in the maintenance of the Delta ecosystem and the lifestyle associated with the ecosystem.
Water use (and abuse) and its effects on the crater‐lakes of Valle de Santiago, Mexico
Authors: Alcocer Javier , Escobar Elva , Lugo Alfonso 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMost Mexicans live in the arid and semiarid regions that represent two‐thirds of the Mexican territory, where water is scarce. Natural, as well as human, causes are favouring the degradation of Mexican lakes. There is a clear need to develop and implement sustainable water‐use programmes at a catchment scale. However, the accelerated degradation rate of the Mexican lakes means that there will not be enough time to perform whole‐basin evaluations to establish sustainable water‐use programmes before the lakes dry up. The case of the Valle de Santiago crater‐lakes clearly illustrates the declining trend that Mexican inland aquatic resources follow. Vegetation clearance, overgrazing, abatement of phreatic waters and salinization have induced severe erosion and overall desertification (land degradation) in the basin for what, it seems, a long time (i.e. prehispanic times). In this way, human activities could be provoking at least the following negative consequences: a hotter and drier local climate, water scarcity, dust storms and soil salinization. The aquatic (surface and groundwater) resources of the Valle de Santiago basin have been seriously threatened. Two of the four crater‐lakes have already dried up and phreatic mantle abatement reaches up to 2.5 m per year. In spite of these facts, no sustainable water‐use programme has been established yet. The future scenery of this Mexican basin looks alarmingly like many other basins in the central and northern Mexican territories.
The power of care: the Women’s Hospital 1884–1914*
Authors: McCalman Janet 
Published: March 2003

The power of care: the Women’s Hospital 1884–1914The effectiveness of late‐nineteenth‐century nursing care should not be underestimated. The archive of patient records at Melbourne’s Women’s Hospital reveals a commitment to patient care that more often than not made the difference between life and death in the recovery from major surgery or post‐partum infection. These records suggest the need to reassess the role of medical care in the mortality transition after 1850.
Clinical exchange: one model to achieve culturally sensitive care
Authors: Scholes Julie , Moore Diana 
Published: March 2003

Clinical exchange: one model to achieve culturally sensitive care This paper reports on a clinical exchange programme that formed part of a pre‐registration European nursing degree run by three collaborating institutions in England, Holland and Spain. The course included: common and shared learning including two summer schools; and the development of a second language before the students went on a three‐month clinical placement in one of the other base institutions’ clinical environments. The aim of the course was to enable students to become culturally sensitive carers. This was achieved by developing a programme based on transcultural nursing principles in theory and practice. Data were gathered by interview, focus groups, and questionnaires from 79 exchange students, fostering the strategies of illuminative evaluation. The paper examines: how the aims of the course were met; the factors that inhibited the attainment of certain goals; and how the acquisition of a second language influenced the students’ learning about nursing. A model is presented to illustrate the process of transformative learning from the exchange experience.
The influence of liberal political ideology on nursing science
Authors: Browne Annette J. 
Published: March 2003

The influence of liberal political ideology on nursing sciencePrevious notions of science as impartial and value‐neutral have been refuted by contemporary views of science as influenced by social, political and ideological values. By locating nursing science in the dominant political ideology of liberalism, the author examines how nursing knowledge is influenced by liberal philosophical assumptions. The central tenets of liberal political philosophy — individualism, egalitarianism, freedom, tolerance, neutrality, and a free‐market economy — are primarily manifested in relation to: (i) the individualistic focus of our science; (ii) our view of society as essentially egalitarian and equitable; (iii) our preference for politically neutral knowledge development, and (iv) an economy of knowledge development that supports rather than challenges the status quo. I argue that exposing, rather than ignoring, the liberal ideological values inherent in nursing science will render these assumptions open to debate, stimulate ongoing development of critically oriented knowledge, and increase our capacity to influence the social, political and economic determinants of health.
From the state to the family: reconfiguring the responsibility for long‐term nursing care at home
Authors: Björnsdóttir Kristin 
Published: March 2003

From the state to the family: reconfiguring the responsibility for long‐term nursing care at homeThis paper discusses the implications of the shift in the location of the provision of healthcare services from healthcare institutions to the home, which has occurred or is projected to occur in coming years. It is argued that the responsibility for the provision of care and assistance needed by the elderly living at home and people with long‐term conditions living at home has shifted from public services to the family. Studies of care‐givers have shown that in many situations they experience tremendous burdens, financial difficulties and health problems. Their social lives have been confined to the home, and contacts with friends and neighbors have been significantly reduced. This situation needs to be addressed by nurses, who in many cases serve as the bridge between the home and the official healthcare system. Using Foucault’s exploration of power, particularly his idea of governmentality, a genealogy of care‐giving in the home in Iceland’s health‐care has been constructed. The main findings were that, although this is occurring somewhat later than in many other countries, the state is withdrawing from its previously defined responsibility for the health and well‐being of the nation. At the same time the citizen’s responsibility for maintaining health is emphasized. Based on these findings, the argument is made that nurses in Iceland can have a profound influence on policy‐making in relation to the organization of services provided in those homes. Suggestions are made as to how this can be done, which may be of interest to nurses in other countries.
Police and pastoral power: governmentality and correctional forensic psychiatric nursing*
Authors: Holmes Dave 
Published: March 2003

Police and pastoral power: governmentality and correctional forensic psychiatric nursing Since 1978, the federal inmates of Canada have had access to a full range of psychiatric care within the penitentiary system. Several psychiatric units are now integrated into the correctional services of Canada. This paper presents the results of a grounded theory doctoral study undertaken in a multilevel secured psychiatric ward within the Canadian federal penitentiary system. The author describes and discusses the results of qualitative data that emerged from his fieldwork. The concept of governmentality, as defined by the late French philosopher Michel Foucault, constitutes one of the major theoretical tools that were helpful in analyzing these data. Police and pastoral power, two dimensions of the security apparatus of governmentality, were found to be useful in understanding and characterizing nursing practice caught between the penal and the psychiatric dispositifs. A Foucauldian perspective allows one to understand the manner in which forensic psychiatric nursing is involved in the governance of mentally ill inmates through three forms of power — sovereign, disciplinary and pastoral — which have posited nursing practice as a strategic tool of the correctional services. This research consists of a study of nursing practice in an extreme setting that deserves a radical analysis.
The history of nursing in the home: revealing the significance of place in the expression of moral agency
Authors: Peter Elizabeth 
Published: March 2003

The history of nursing in the home: revealing the significance of place in the expression of moral agencyThe relationship between place and moral agency in home care nursing is explored in this paper. The notion of place is argued to have relevance to moral agency beyond moral context. This argument is theoretically located in feminist ethics and human geography and is supported through an examination of historical documents (1900–33) that describe the experiences and insights of American home care/private duty nurses or that are related to nursing ethics. Specifically, the role of place in inhibiting and enhancing care, justice, good relationships, and power in the practice of private duty nurses is explored. Several implications for current nursing ethics come out of this analysis. (i) The moral agency of nurses is highly nuanced. It is not only structured by nurses’ relationships to patients and health professionals, i.e. moral context, it is also structured by the place of nursing care. (ii) Place has the potential to limit and enhance the power of nurses. (iii) Some aspects of nursing's conception of the good, such as what constitutes a good nurse–patient relationship, are historically and geographically relative.
Multiple sclerosis with extensive lesions, left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction and retrobulbar neuritis
Authors: Ogawa Kana , Kishi Masahiko , Kurihara Teruyuki , Ikeda Ken , Kinoshita Masao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is usually diagnosed on the basis of the typical clinical course, with remission and exacerbation in multiple parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a large contribution to the diagnosis of patients with MS. But it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis due to clinical variability of the disease and variable MRI findings. We report the case of a 26‐year‐old woman who developed pro‐ gressive left hemiplegia, mental dysfunction, and had extensive bilateral cerebral white matter lesions diagnosed by brain MRI. Complete recovery from the left hemiplegia followed the use of corticosteroid, and her brain MRI findings also improved after medication. Early in the clinical course it was difficult to differentiate between multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. After recovery from the first episode of left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction, she developed acute visual disturbance five months after her first admission. Readmission followed and her retrobulbar neuritis was successfully treated by methylpredonisolone pulse therapy. In summary, she experienced two episodes of neurological deficit, had left hemiplegia and mental dysfunction associated with multiple lesions in bilateral cerebral white matter in brain MRI, and the left retrobulbar neuritis with delay of P100 by visual evoked potential study. Due to these two episodes we concluded that she had multiple sclerosis. Though the initial diagnosis was difficult, prompt treatment and close follow‐up was important, since multiple sclerosis and granulomatous angiitis of the CNS can both recur.
Aberrant judgmental pattern of schizophrenic patients in weight discrimination
Authors: Tanno Yoshihiko , Shiihara Yasufumi , Machiyama Yukiteru 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSixteen chronic schizophrenics and 16 normal controls were tested on a weight discrimination task in various categories and hand conditions. Schizophrenics made significantly more errors than normals when the ‘equal’ category was included, whereas schizophrenics’ performance could approximate the normals’ discriminations when the ‘equal’ category was excluded. In the former condition, the more inaccurate performance of schizophrenics was ascribed to the selective increase in the errors by the ‘equal’ judgments, which was not due to an increase in ‘doubtful’ judgments. These findings were assumed to reflect schizophrenics’ preference to equal judgments, which seemed to be their fundamental cognitive attitude, because the same tendency was found on the various discrimination tasks of other sensory modalities. Furthermore, the present results supported neither left hemisphere dysfunction nor interhemispheric transfer deficit in schizophrenia, because schizophrenics failed to show consistently more errors in the right hand and the bimanual conditions.
Prevalence and symptomatology of comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder among bulimic patients
Authors: Matsunaga Hisato , Kiriike Nobuo , Miyata Akira , Iwasaki Yoko , Matsui Tokuzo , Fujimoto Kayo , Kasai Shinji , Kaye Walter H. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study sought to assess the prevalence and symptomatology of comorbid obsessive– compulsive disorder (OCD) among Japanese subjects who met the DSM‐III‐R criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R Patient Version was used to distinguish 26 BN patients with concurrent OCD from 52 BN patients without OCD. Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in BN subjects with concurrent OCD were evaluated using the Japanese version of the Yale‐Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. There were no differences in the prevalence of concurrent OCD between BN subjects with and without a lifetime history of anorexia nervosa. Among BN subjects with concurrent OCD, symptoms related to symmetry and order were most frequently identified, followed by contamination and aggressive obsessions, and checking and cleaning/washing compulsions. Bulimia nervosa subjects with concurrent OCD were more likely than subjects without OCD to have more severe mood and core eating disorder psychopathology. Comorbid OCD is a common phenomenon in Japanese bulimics (33%) similar to that suggested in BN subjects in the Western countries. Obsessive– compulsive symptoms related to symmetry and order were most frequently observed in BN subjects with concurrent OCD, which was a similar finding to that reported among restricting anorexic subjects.