bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Limited-Entry Completions Using Near-Wellbore Simulator for Effective Acid Stimulation of Heterogeneous Carbonates
Authors: Bedewi M. , Andreev A. , Khoriakov V. , Mogensen K. , Burke R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Limited-entry liners (LEL) have predominantly been deployed in carbonate formations with only moderate variation in reservoir properties. In this work, a detailed numerical analysis was applied to investigate how the hole-spacing design can be tailored for effective stimulation of heterogeneous carbonate formations completed with long laterals. The base case is a well with a 10,000 ft reservoir section with a permeability of 1mD completed with a 4.5in LEL with 3mm and 4mm holes pre-drilled at variable hole spacing.
A commercial near-wellbore simulator was used during this work, coupled with a new interface module, to study the flow distribution for a number of scenarios. The new interface module calculates a hole spacing which provides a desired acid coverage for each reservoir compartment, while honoring operational constraints such as not exceeding formation fracturing conditions, allowable surface pressure, maximum pump rate, as well as the number of joints with pre-drilled holes available onsite. Additionally, the module is designed to deliver a hole spacing promoting deeply penetrating wormholes from each hole in the liner. Finally, because stimulation takes place under transient conditions in the reservoir, a transient inflow model for horizontal wells was deployed to capture the reservoir response accurately. Skin reduction due to the acid-rock interaction is not considered at this point.
The scenarios simulated demonstrate that swellable packers significantly dampen the impact of permeability variation by reducing annular flow. The initial hole spacing estimated for uniform reservoir properties in general does a good job of choking flow into high-perm zones, especially if the base line permeability is 10mD (higher reservoir quality). A high-perm zone at the toe has a larger effect than a high-perm zone at the heel because of the larger hole density. The 1mD base case design can accommodate reservoir pressure gradients of 500 psia without compromising the outflow profile, whereas a 10mD base case cannot. In the latter case, either the pump rate must be increased, or the stimulation must be postponed until the pressure gradient has reduced.
The authors strongly believe that this work will help expand the operational envelope towards other reservoirs by providing physics-based guidance on how and when to modify the hole spacing for achieving an effective stimulation.
Utilizing Innovative Nanolime-Geopolymer as a Cement for Gas Wells
Authors: Mario A. , Salem S. , Tantawy M. , Rammah S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces the formulation of an innovative nanolime-geopolymer NLGP and its application in gas wells as a replacement for traditional cement. The new mix is composed of nanolime NL, fly ash, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate. Various NLGP products are formulated using different molarities and ratios of its components. The compressive strength of these products is measured and compared. For competency, NLGP is compared to cement fly ash CF then a new cement type. Finally, "deep water horizon" incident will be used as a case study to indicate the applicability of NLGP as a stable material against gas channeling.
Fragility Analysis of Fixed Offshore Platform in Malaysia Under Earthquake Effect
Authors: Azlan F. S. , Wahab M. M. A. , Ramli M. Z. , Rahman A. Abdul 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In Malaysia, the oil and gas industry contribute significantly to its economy over the past decades. Currently there are over 250 offshore platforms in Malaysian waters. These platforms may be vulnerable to earthquake effects coming from near and far fields since seismic loading was not considered during the design stage for all offshore structures within all three (3) offshore sectors in Malaysia waters, including Sabah. Contrary to common belief that Malaysia is located outside the Pacific Ring of Fire of recent incidents and research is proving the opposite. In this study, seismic vulnerability assessment for fixed offshore platform in Sabah water is performed. Non-linear static (Pushover Analysis) and non-linear dynamic analysis (Incremental Dynamic Analysis or IDA) were performed prior to obtaining the fragility curve. Pushover analysis shows the seismic capacity through determining the drift ratio of the structure. The outcome of the analysis will then be classified into different damage levels according to Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) categories; Operational Procedure (OP), Immediate Occupancy (IO), Damage Collapse (DC), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP). Incremental dynamic analysis was performed by series of non-linear response histories which enabled PGA values to be systematically scaled. The maximum displacement and drift ratio were computed and compared with the drift ratio from pushover analysis to be classified into FEMA defined damage levels. Then, the mean and standard deviation of the PGA values were computed and substituted into fragility curve equation. The curve describes the probability of damage of the fixed offshore platform under earthquake effects. From the result, the vulnerability of the fixed offshore platform in Sabah water for an earthquake was concluded to be having a low probability of damage, i.e., 6.4% OP and 4.86% IO associated to Sabah PGA value of 0.28g.
Evaluating the Robustness of Autonomous Inspections in the Energy Industry with a Quadruped Robot
Authors: Fiorucci M. , Schillaci G. , Tannous M. , Bianchi L. , Salusti L. , Cioncolini S. , Politano A. , De Magistris G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This pilot work evaluates a robotic solution for automating inspection activities on a mineral lube oil console used to lubricate gas turbines. A series of autonomous inspection missions have been carried out at the Baker Hughes site in Florence (Italy). A quantitative analysis of robot performances in tasks that are critical for accomplishing routine autonomous missions – such as locomotion, step climbing, visual inspection, recharge and docking - has been conducted and discussed. To assess the robustness of the quadruped robot, pre-programmed autonomous missions have been carried out to perform robotic visual inspection activities on the package of a gas turbine. The walkway was characterized by different ground conditions including climbing up and down steps throughout the path. We evaluated the robot's performance by measuring self-localization precision estimated with QR tags, robustness under different environmental conditions, locomotion quality, and success rate in step climbing behaviors. We carried out 40 autonomous missions, which lasted on average 5’36". Robot climbed steps successfully at the first attempt in 99.16% of cases (down: 99.16%, up: 98.30%). Average localization errors were on average 1.8 cm. Results indicate that this technology is robust enough to perform the autonomous inspection on energy assets with low mitigation action requirements.
Accurate aging clocks based on accumulating stochastic variation
Authors: Schumacher Björn , Meyer David 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aging clocks have provided one of the most significant recent breakthroughs in the biology of aging. Such clocks allow the determination of chronological and increasingly also biological age, which is a prerequisite for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in the aging process and preventive treatments of age-related diseases. The most advanced aging clocks are based on age-dependent changes in DNA methylation pattern. The reproducibility of such changes over the life course has reinvigorated the debate whether a programmed process underlies aging. A programmed aging process, however, is incompatible with the evolutionary theory of aging. Aging occurs as a consequence of a vanishing force of selective pressure post-reproduction as no fitness benefit is provided by immortality of the soma. In fact, stochastic events have been observed to increasingly occur during the aging process. Here, we test whether aging clocks could be built with entirely stochastic variation. We find that accumulating stochastic variation is sufficient to accurately predict chronological and biological age. Moreover, current aging clocks are entirely compatible with random alterations in the methylation or transcriptomic patterns. Our analysis unifies the clock measure of aging with the evolutionary theory of aging and predicts that any set of data that have a ground state at the age zero with accumulating stochastic variation could be used for building accurate aging clocks.
Convoluted Micellar Morphological Transitions Driven by Tailorable Mesogenic Ordering Effect from Discotic Mesogen-Containing Block Copolymer
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , yang Huanzhi , Luo Yunjun , Chi Chumeng , Jin Bixin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Solution-state self-assemblies of block copolymers (BCPs) to form nanostructures are tremendously attractive for their tailorable morphologies and functionalities. While incorporating moieties with strong ordering effects may introduce highly orientational control over the molecular packing and dictate assembly behaviors, subtle and delicate driving forces can yield slower kinetics to reveal manifold metastable morphologies. Herein, we reported the unusually convoluted self-assembly behaviors of a liquid crystalline (LC) BCP bearing triphenylene discotic mesogens. They underwent unprecedented multiple morphological transitions spontaneously, driven by their intrinsic subtle LC ordering effect. Meanwhile, LC orderedness could also be instantly built by doping the mesogens with small-molecule dopants, and the morphological transitions were dramatically accelerated and various exotic micelles were produced. Surprisingly, with high doping levels, the self-assembly mechanism of this BCP was completely changed from intramicellar chain shuffling and rearrangement to nucleation-growth mode, based on which self-seeding experiments could be conducted to produce highly uniform fibrils.
Prediction of 30-Day In-Hospital Mortality in Elderly UGIB Patients Using a Simplified Risk Score and Comparison with AIMS65 score
Authors: Xue Zaiyao , Che Hebin , Xie Deyou , Si Quanjin , Ren Jiefeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in elderly patients is associated with substantial in-hospital morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to develop and validate a simplified risk score for predicting 30-day in-hospital mortality in this population.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 1899 UGIB patients aged ≥65 years admitted to a single medical center between January 2010 and December 2019. An additional cohort of 330 patients admitted from January 2020 to October 2021 was used for external validation. Variable selection was performed using five distinct methods, and models were generated using generalized linear models, random forest, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbors approaches. The developed score, "ABCAP," incorporated Albumin <30 g/L, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) >7.5 mmol/L, Cancer presence, Altered mental status, and Pulse rate >100/min, each assigned a score of 1. Internal and external validation procedures compared the ABCAP score with the AIMS65 score.
Results: In internal validation, the ABCAP score demonstrated robust predictive capability with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.878 (95% CI: 0.824-0.932), comparable to the AIMS65 score (AUC: 0.827, 95% CI: 0.751-0.904). External validation yielded an AUC of 0.799 (95% CI: 0.709-0.889) for the ABCAP score, slightly outperforming the AIMS65 score (AUC: 0.743, 95% CI: 0.647-0.838). The ABCAP score effectively stratified mortality risk into low (0-2 points), moderate (3 points), and high (4-5 points) categories. This score exhibited consistent accuracy across variceal and non-variceal UGIB subgroups.
Conclusions: The ABCAP score incorporates easily obtained clinical variables and demonstrates promising predictive ability for 30-day in-hospital mortality in elderly UGIB patients. It allows effective mortality risk stratification and showed slightly better performance than the AIMS65 score. Further cohort validation is required to confirm generalizability.
Cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol versus dl-3-n-butylphthalide for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: a Chinese health care perspective
Authors: Li Jianchun , Cao Weihan , Zhao Fei , Jin Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Edaravone dexborneol and dl-3-n-butylphthalide are two innovative brain cytoprotective drugs from China that have been approved and widely prescribed for acute ischemic stroke, and the cost of the two drugs are partially paid by the Chinese medical insurance system. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol versus dl-3-n-butylphthalide for acute ischemic stroke from the Chinese healthcare system’s perspective.
Methods: A model combining a short-term decision tree model with 90 days and a long-term Markov model with a life-time horizon (40 years) was developed to simulate the cost-effectiveness of edaravone dexborneol versus dl-3-n-butylphthalide for acute ischemic stroke over a lifetime horizon. Since the absence of a head-to-head clinical comparison of two therapies, an unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) was conducted by adjusting the patient characteristics using individual patient data from pivotal phase III trial of edaravone dexborneol and published aggregated data of dl-3-n-butylphthalide. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Utilities and costs (Chinese Yuan, CNY) were derived from publications and open-access database. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of results.
Results: Compared with patients in dl-3-n-butylphthalide arm, edaravone dexborneol arm was found to be cost-effective in 90 days and highly cost-effective as the study horizons extended. With a similar direct medical cost, patients in edaravone dexborneol arm slightly gained an additional 0.1615 QALYs in life-time. In the long term (40 years), patients in edaravone dexborneol arm and dl-3-n-butylphthalide arm yielded 8.0351 and 7.8736 QALYs with the overall direct medical cost of CNY 29,185.23 and CNY 29,940.28, respectively. The one-way sensitivity analysis suggested that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was most sensitive to the price of edaravone dexborneol and dl-3-n-butylphthalide.
Conclusion: Edaravone dexborneol is a cost-effective alternative compared with dl-3-n-butylphthalide for acute ischemic stroke patients in current medical setting of China.
Microparticles from ISR patients participate in vascular intimal hyperplasia by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation and adhesion through ERK and P38 pathways
Authors: Han Wen-Qi , Zhang Wei , Li Zhe , Wang Qun-Rang , Wu HaoYu , Liu Xin-Hong , Yang Yu-Juan , Cheng Gong , Chang Feng-Jun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the most commonly used vascular reconstruction method for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD). However, In-stent restenosis (ISR) seriously affects the prognosis of PCI. Vascular intimal hyperplasia play key roles in ISR. Whether circulating microparticles (MPs) from ISR patients, which cause oxidative stress, inflammation and adhesion of vascular, participate in endothelial dysfunction and vascular intimal hyperplasia remains unclear.
Methods: MPs were obtained from both healthy subjects (n=20) and coronary heart disease patients with (n=33) or without (n=33) ISR 1year after PCI. After testing MPs origins by flow cytometry. Affect of MPs (with or without inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase) on proliferation and migration , expression of Extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (P38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), generation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) were determined.
Results: Although MPs increased in patients with or without ISR compared with healthy subjects, there were no difference between patients with or without ISR in MPs concentration. Flow cytometry showed that both endothelial derived MPs (EMP) and platelet-derived MP (PMP) ratio expanded in patient group. MPs from patients without ISR stimulate HCASMCs proliferation and migration (which can be blocked partly by PD98059), increased phosphorylation of ERK and P38,but not JNK; increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 generation in HCASMCs (which can be blocked by SB20358 but not SP600125). All of these effects were strengthened by MPs from patients with ISR.
Conclusions: MPs from ISR participate in vascular intimal hyperplasia, which play a key roles in ISR, by stimulating proliferation and migration, promoting oxidative stress, inflammation and adhesion through ERK and P38 pathway in HCASMCs. This may indicated a potential therapeutic target for ISR.
Investigating the Viability of Micro-Level Wind Generation
Authors: O'Sullivan Sean 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the viability of micro-level wind generation in addressing the current energy and cost of living crisis through a two-fold approach: surveying public opinion and conducting experimental analysis on turbine rotor design and orientation. Initially, a survey was conducted among parents, staff, and students at my school to gauge perceptions regarding climate change, the electricity crisis, and micro-level wind generation. The survey revealed a significant concern about the initial cost of wind energy generation, though a substantial percentage of respondents showed interest in installing wind turbines, especially if supported by government grants.
Following the survey, 16 wind turbine rotors, 4 Motor Housing Assemblies, and 2 Arduino Data Capture Boards were designed, 3D printed, and utilised in seven experiments. Two tests were conducted in a wind tunnel at the University of Limerick under laminar airflow conditions, and five were carried out outdoors under turbulent airflow conditions, at comparable recorded wind speeds. Energy generation data was collected using an Arduino Uno, converted to mV using an ADC, and recorded alongside corresponding wind speeds for accurate analysis. This data enabled a performance comparison among all tested rotors under varying conditions, highlighting the rotor design with the highest energy output. A comparison was also made with a commonly used wind turbine rotor design, revealing an overall performance increase.
Furthermore, a commercially available 500W wind turbine was tested to estimate its annual energy generation. The findings from the rotor design experiments were then applied to gauge how these designs could enhance total efficiency and translate into cost savings. This mixed-method study, engaging 169 survey respondents, first sought to understand public opinion before moving onto an experimental investigation into rotor design efficiency. The results were then applied to a commercially available wind turbine to translate findings into potential cost savings.
Interestingly, during this research I identified a Scimitar convex-curved-bladed HAWT variation which consistently outperformed "traditional"-straight-bladed HAWT variations by an average of 20% increased generation in all conditions.
Direct comparisons and correlations were drawn with other studies investigating blade design and orientation, aligning the collected data with existing research while providing a new lens on enhancing micro-level wind generation efficiency.
Response of Treatment-Naive Brain Metastases to Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Ene Chibawanye , Faraj Christina Abi , Beckham Thomas , Weinberg Jeffrey S. , Andersen Clark , Haider Ali , Rao Ganesh , Ferguson Sherise , Heimberger Amy , McCutcheon Ian , Prabhu Sujit , Wang Chenyang , Ghia Amol , McGovern Susan , Chung Caroline , McAleer Mary , Tom Martin , Perni Subha , Swanson Todd , Yeboa Debra , Briere Tina , Lang Frederick , Li Jing , Suki Dima , Fuller Gregory , Huse Jason , Sawaya Raymond 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

With improvements in survival for patients with metastatic cancer, long-term local control of brain metastases has become an increasingly important clinical priority. While consensus guidelines recommend surgery followed by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for lesions >3cm, smaller lesions (≤3cm) undergo SRS alone with variable responses. To determine factors influencing this variable response to SRS, we analyzed outcomes of brain metastases ≤3cm diameter in patients with no prior systemic therapy treated with frame-based single-fraction SRS. Following SRS, 294/1739 treated lesions demonstrated MRI findings concerning for local treatment failure (LTF), of which 228 /1739 (13%) demonstrated LTF and 66/1739 (3.7%) had an adverse radiation effect. Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor size (>2cm) and melanoma histology were associated with higher LTF rates. Brain metastases ≤3cm are not uniformly responsive to SRS. Formal guidelines incorporating tumor size and histology are needed for determining whether to treat brain metastasis ≤3cm with SRS alone or surgery and SRS.
Object Sorting Based on Size and Colour Detection Using Arduino
Authors: C ODO AMOS , A.mahesh  , Ganesh P.H.V. , Na.Manikanta  , Teja S.L. Ravi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Automation has become the primary requirement for almost all the businesses. The accuracy and speed with which a machine performs a task is higher when compared to that of humans. In most of the industries major activities involve measurement, cutting and sorting. Sorting can be done based on size, shape, color and quality etc. The sorting will be done based on quality in our project. And quality is analyzed based on the object size and color. In the project we developed a system for sorting objects, the gear motors used to rotate the conveyor belt. IR sensor modules is used to detect the product movement on the conveyor belt, color sensor is Used detect color of an object and sends the signal to controller. The IR sensors sense the size of the object and send the high or low values to the controller and as per the size the microcontroller controls the servo motor and shifts the object to its destination. The LCD interfaced with the controller is used to indicate number of color objects.