bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural diversity is key to collective artificial learning
Authors: Bettini Matteo , Kortvelesy Ryan , Prorok Amanda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Many of the world’s most pressing issues, such as climate change and global peace, require complex collective problem-solving skills. Recent studies indicate that diversity in individuals’ behaviors is key to developing such skills and increasing collective performance. Yet behavioral diversity in collective artificial learning is understudied, with today’s machine learning paradigms commonly favoring homogeneous agent strategies over heterogeneous ones, mainly due to computational considerations. In this work, we employ novel diversity measurement and control paradigms to study the impact of behavioral heterogeneity in several facets of collective artificial learning. Through experiments in team play and other cooperative tasks, we show the emergence of unbiased behavioral roles that improve team outcomes; how neural diversity synergizes with morphological diversity; how diverse agents are more effective at finding cooperative solutions in sparse reward settings; and how behaviorally heterogeneous teams learn and retain latent skills to overcome repeated disruptions. Overall, our results indicate that, by controlling diversity, we can obtain non-trivial benefits over homogeneous training paradigms, demonstrating that diversity is a fundamental component of collective artificial learning, an insight thus far overlooked.
Beyond inorganic carbon: Soil organic carbon as key pathway for carbon sequestration in Enhanced Weathering
Authors: Steinwidder Laura , Boito Lucilla , Frings Patrick , Niron Harun , Rijnders Jet , de Schutter Anthony , Vienne Arthur , Vicca Sara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Enhanced weathering captures CO2 via two pathways: Carbonate formation and leaching of weathering products. Here, we look beyond those two pathways, identifying other CO2 sinks and sources. While processes such as clay formation or organic matter decomposition reduce the efficiency of enhanced weathering, organic matter stabilisation could contribute to C storage. In a 15 month mesocosm experiment including two different types of silicates (basalt and steel slag) inorganic CO2 sequestration indeed remained negligible (below 0.1 t CO2/ha) due to clay formation. Also organic matter decomposition increased in silicate amended treatments (basalt +0.9 and slag +1.1 t CO2/ha released), further lowering the CO2 removal efficiency of enhanced weathering. Other organic C pathways could however contribute substantially to C storage. Aggregate formation and the storage of C within them was promoted in silicate amended treatments (basalt +106 and slag +73 % organic C stored in aggregates >250μm). Next to that, the association of organic C to minerals was determined another possible organic C sink. These results underline the urge for reliable ways to quantify CO2 removal not only including inorganic but also organic carbon dynamics.
Missed care affected by electronic or manual recording methods in Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses
Authors: Aliafsarimamaghani Ebrahim , RahkarFarshi Mahni , Arshadi Mohammad , Hajtaghi Laila 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Missed care causes irreversible complications for infants in neonatal intensive care units. On the other hand, time-consuming actions such as record can effect the type and quality of care. Although no study was found on the effect of manual and electronic record of nurses on missed care, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of manual or electronic recording methods on the missed care in neonatal intensive care nurses.
Methods: A descriptive comparative multicenter study was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023 by census of 151 nurses in the neonatal intensive care units. Tubbs-cooley missed care questionnaire was used for data collecting. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 26.
Results: There was no significant difference in the mean difference between the electronic and manual records (30 intensive care) in the majority of cares item(p<0.05). Only in three cares, "observing the correct principles of drug administration (8 rights)", "reviewing high-risk drugs according to the protocol" and "adjusting oxygen based on the saturation level according to the protocol or order", a statistically significant difference was observed between electronic and manual record. The mean scores for electronic records were lower than manual records and close to one score (complete care).
Conclusion: In neonatal intensive care unit, because of high sensitivity of caring, nurses should complete the types and details of cares and methods of records have no significant effect on missed care. It seems that electronic record provides more opportunity for ideal care and may play a role in decreasing missed care.
Designing small molecules that target a cryptic RNA binding site via base displacement
Authors: Batey Robert , Olenginski Lukasz , Wierzba Aleksandra , Laursen Shawn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Most RNA-binding small molecules have limited solubility, weak affinity, and/or lack of specificity, restricting the medicinal chemistry often required for lead compound discovery. We reasoned that conjugation of these unfavorable ligands to a suitable “host” molecule can solubilize the “guest” and deliver it site-specifically to an RNA of interest to resolve these issues. Using this framework, we designed a small molecule library that was hosted by cobalamin (Cbl) to interact with the Cbl riboswitch through a common base displacement mechanism. Combining in vitro binding, cell-based assays, chemoinformatic modeling, and structure-based design, we unmasked a cryptic binding site within the riboswitch that was exploited to discover compounds that have affinity exceeding the native ligand, antagonize riboswitch function, or bear no resemblance to Cbl. These data demonstrate how a privileged biphenyl-like scaffold effectively targets RNA by optimizing π-stacking interactions within the binding pocket.
Lattice light sheet activation structured illumination volumetric super-resolution live microscopy
Authors: Li Dong , Dong Xue , Meng Quan , Yang Xiaoyu , Chen Haoyu , Qiao Chang , Lin Yuhuan , Zhang Siwei , Geng Xiaohan , Luan Linghui , Jiang Tao , Fu Wenfeng , Jiang Amin , Xu Wencong , Guo Jiabao , Wei Rongfei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Volumetric super-resolution (SR) live imaging at high-speed for long-time remains challenging, especially for fluorescent thick specimens. In this work, we develop Lattice light sheet Activation Structured Illumination Microscopy (LA-SIM), which integrates the unique advantages of superior optical sectioning and low photo-toxicity offered by light sheet configuration with full-version SR-SIM in both linear and nonlinear schemes together, by means of reversibly photo-switchable fluorescent protein (rsFP). Moreover, LA-SIM allows implementing rationalized deep-learning (rDL) denoising in a self-supervised manner, enabling the production of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) SR images at limited SNR levels, while achieving bona fide optical resolution improvement beyond 2-fold relative to diffraction-limit in both lateral and axial dimensions. We utilize the high-quality rDL LA-SIM data to train a large-scale transformer model --- SRFormer that can overcome the inferior properties of rsFPs and enable multi-color long-term volumetric SR imaging. We demonstrate that SRFormer LA-SIM can shed new light on subcellular dynamics from single-cell to multi-cellular specimens.
Mn-Atomic-Layered Antiphase Boundary Induced Robust Ferroelectricity in Transparent KNN-Based Lead-Free Film
Authors: Wang Ke , Xu Liqiang , Kong Zhengyang , Zhu Beibei , Wang Xu , Han K. , Chen Pingfan , li Chao , Wu Wenbin Wu , Yao Fangzhou , Huang Zhen , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

One preferred lead-free ferroelectric, (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN), is gifted with the prominent features of environmentally benign and excellent piezoelectricity in both its ceramic and film forms, but it suffers from poor ferroelectricity. Albeit intensive researches have demonstrated the efficiency of Mn-doping in improving the electrical properties of KNN, the occupancy of Mn (A- or B-site) remains elusive. Here, we have formed Mn-atomic-layered antiphase boundaries in KNN-based films, and observed that Mn occupied the A-site position. The Mn-inlaid antiphase boundary has been shown to induce stable ferroelectricity with robust polarization (2Pr ~ 72.5 µC/cm2) in KNN-based films. This stability is retained across a wide range of test frequencies, from as low as 20 Hz, and up to 10 kHz, which is of great significance in KNN system. The atomically resolved STEM images reveal that densely arranged antiphase boundaries are formed and grown along three crystal axes by half unit cell lattice mismatch throughout the entire thickness of KNN-based films. These boundaries are Mn-atomic-enriched at a nanoscale width of a single unit cell, which could equilibrate the interfacial charges and clamp the vertical interfacial strain, resulting in the highly squared hysteresis loops and high Curie temperature of ~ 400 ℃ in our films. Meanwhile, these films also exhibit a high dielectric constant of 1200 and optical transmittance of ~ 75%. Our results may provide a new paradigm for designing new type of high-performance KNN-based lead-free ferroelectric films, unleashing their application potential for expelling lead-containing counterparts.
Molecular characterization based on whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sichuan Province, China in 2023
Authors: Huang Shu , Shen Laihong , Yuan Rongmei , Liao Hongyu , Chen Guo , Li Tianrong , Li Wenbo , Zeng Linzi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis and other invasive diseases resulting in high mortality and morbidity among children. In recent years, the issue of drug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has become increasingly prominent, posing challenges to clinical treatment. Besides, the typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae is important information for evaluating the value of pneumococcal vaccines and developing immunization strategies. A total of 105 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were collected from ten cities in Sichuan Province in 2023. The leading serotypes were 19F (34.29%), 19A (10.48%), 3 (7.62%) and 6E (7.62%), with CC271 and GPSC1 being the predominant types. The overall coverage rates of 7-, 10-, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) were 45.71%, 45.71%, 64.78% and 69.52%, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of Streptococcus pneumoniae showed that most strains were resistant to erythromycin (ERY), clindamycin (CLI), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), with a multidrug resistance rate of 85.71%, and CLI/EY/TCY was the main resistance mode. The resistance rate of strains isolated from the children's group and the elderly group to SXT was higher than that of the adult group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 12.143, p = 0.002). In summary, continuous monitoring of the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae is crucial for controlling and preventing the development of antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal bacteria. Our research is beneficial for understanding the type distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sichuan province and guiding the rational use of drugs and adjustment of vaccination strategies in clinical practice.
Arabic validation of the InCharge Financial Distress/Well-being Scale (IFDFW) and the new Single-Item Financial Stress scale (SIFiS)
Authors: Zouki Christian-Joseph El , Chahine Abdallah , Hallit Rabih , Malaeb Diana , Khatib Sami El , Nehme Antonio , Obeid Sahar , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Souheil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Arabic adaptation of InCharge's Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being Scale, along with a new single-item measure to assess financial stress (i.e., the Single-Item Financial Stress scale, SIFiS) among Lebanese adults.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 403 participants completed an Arabic-translated IFDFW via an online survey. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to validate the scale.
Results: A one-factor structure was supported by the analysis. Internal reliability was excellent, with very high omega and alpha coefficients for the IFDFW scale (ω = 0.95, α = 0.95). A significantly lower mean IFDFW score was found in males compared to females. On the hand, no significant differences were found between males and females on the SIFiS scores. Greater financial burden was significantly associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Conclusion: The findings confirm that the Arabic versions of the IFDFW scale and the SIFiS are valid and reliable. Their use is therefore recommended in various settings among Arabic-speaking adults. These simple and straightforward measurement tools may improve cross-cultural studies on financial well-being.
Ameliorative role of Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor “Avanafil” via modulating cAMP &amp; cGMP Pathway against Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: - Mohd Talib , Siddiqui Nazia , Tripathi Prabhash Nath , Chaudhary Ankit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the utmost age-linked neuro-degenerative conditions, marked via gradual deterioration of cognitive abilities and continues to be a significant worldwide health issue. Etiology of AD is linked to neurobehavioral variations, deposition of Aβ, p-Tau, activations of GSK-3β, and fluctuations in cyclic nucleotides including cAMP & cGMP. As per evidence, PDE-5 inhibitors are able to boost cAMP & cGMP levels and other etiological hallmarks, which could be a novel AD cure. The main objective of present study was to examine therapeutic potential of Avanafil in a rat model of AD induced by administering 60mg/kg of D-galactose (D-galac) and 10mg/kg of Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) for a period of 42 days. Following this, 28 days of therapy with two different doses of Avanafil (3mg/kg and 6mg/kg) was given. Towards end of treatment, locomotor activity & Morris water maze were performed. Rats were then euthanized and hippocampus was isolated for biochemical parameters & histological investigation. Results revealed that both neurobehavioral parameters exhibits significant difference in treatment group as compared to toxic group. Alterations in level of AchE, Aβ (1–42), GSK-3β, p-Tau, TNF-α, IL-1β, & IL-6, cAMP, cGMP & BDNF, and oxidative stress were significantly reversed towards normal level in the treatment group when compared to toxic rats. Histopathological changes by H&E staining showed significant difference in treatment vs. toxic rats. The current investigation suggested that Avanafil improves memory by improving cAMP and cGMP pathways, implying that it may have therapeutic prospective in cognitive deficiencies linked with Alzheimer's disease.
Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models for Implicit Advertising Reasoning
Authors: Sun Haozhi , Yuan Heng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel method for implicit reasoning in advertising, focusing on the use of a multimodal large language model integrated with a specialized prompt engineering approach. Advertising often involves implicit reasoning, where messages are conveyed indirectly through a combination of text, images, and emotions. This makes it challenging for traditional models to capture the subtle nuances involved. To address this, we propose an innovative multi-round prompt design that enables the model to refine its reasoning process iteratively, thus improving its ability to decode implicit intentions in advertisements. Our method leverages GPT-4 as the core reasoning engine, and the prompts are designed to guide the model through multiple reasoning phases, ensuring that it effectively incorporates both textual and visual cues. We collect a custom dataset of advertising content to train and evaluate our approach, and our results demonstrate significant improvements in reasoning accuracy compared to baseline models. We also propose novel evaluation metrics, which go beyond traditional accuracy and incorporate human-like reasoning assessments. Experimental results and human evaluations show that our method outperforms existing models, both in terms of reasoning depth and interpretability, making it a promising solution for understanding complex advertising content.
Crude Alkaloids form Phyllanthus fraternus, Webster: Antibacterial, Time-Kill Kinetics and Resistance Modulation Studies
Authors: Obiri Samuel Asiamah , Opoku-Kwabi Denzel , Opoku-Boahen Yaw , Armah Francis Ackah , Fynn Malcolm Patrick , Borquaye Lawrence Sheringham , Asiamah Isaac 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to rise, making a growing number of infectious diseases difficult to cure. Millions of people worldwide die from infections with medication resistance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a resistant variant has a 64% higher chance of killing an infected victim than a non-resistant variant. As a result, scientists continue to focus research attention on finding novel chemotypes that could have different modes of action. Combination therapy has the potential to overcome AMR since the therapeutic components work together to suppress the etiological microorganism. In the current study, we investigated the antibacterial properties of crude alkaloidal extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (AEPF) using high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) assay. We performed time-kill kinetic assays to assess the interactions between the crude alkaloids and test microbial strains. The ability of the crude alkaloids to alter the antimicrobial action of standard tetracycline was evaluated by modulation study. Our findings indicate that P. fraternus alkaloids effectively suppress majority of clinically significant pathogenic strains in vitro. Bactericidal effect was shown by time-kill kinetics against S. aureus, E. coli (ATCC 43888), and E. coli (ATCC 10455). Tetracycline was successfully potentiated against Shigella sp. by the alkaloidal extract. The crude alkaloid extract of P. fraternus included two known alkaloids, epibubbialine and ent-norsecurinine, according to LC-ESI-MS analysis. Taken together, the antibiotic activity of P. fraternus is primarily due to its alkaloids and that the potential exists to develop isolated alkaloids as drug candidates for use in combination therapies against antimicrobial resistance.
Moxuanxueite, NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3, a new wöhlerite-group mineral from Gejiu alkaline complex, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Qu Kai , Dong Guochen , Li Ting , Fan Guang , Gu Xiangping , Wang Yufei , Wang Yanjuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Moxuanxueite, ideally NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3, is a new wöhlerite-group mineral that we report in this study from the Gejiu alkaline complex, Yunnan Province, China. This new species occurs as subhedral to euhedral polysynthetic twinned grains, and as elongate crystals up to 1 mm in size, commonly associated with tiny baddeleyite at the grain margins and usually associated with calcioancylite-(La), bobtraillite, catapleiite, fluorite, and jadeite. Moxuanxueite is light yellow in color with metallic luster. It is very brittle with conchoidal fracture and has a calculated density of 3.231 g/cm3. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of O + F = 18 apfu is Na1.38Ca5.21Fe0.23Mn0.22(Zr0.88Ti0.14)Σ1.02(Si2.01O7)2(F3.15O0.85)Σ4.00. The ideal formula requires (wt.%) Na2O 4.06, CaO 44.04, ZrO2 16.13, SiO2 31.46, F 7.46, O≡F -3.14, and a total of 100 wt.%. The mineral is triclinic, with space group P1¯ (#2), a = 11.0235(3) Å, b = 10.9641(4) Å, c = 7.3805(4) Å, α = 109.523(2)°, β = 109.881(2)°, γ = 83.434(2)°, V = 790.63(6) Å3, and Z = 2. The seven strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 3.005 (100) (1¯12), 2.870 (57) (230), 1.849 (32) (2¯2¯4), 10.42 (30) (1¯00), 2.496 (26) (14¯0), 3.280 (23) (3¯1¯0), and 1.701 (20) (16¯2). Moxuanxueite is isostructural with hiortdahlite [Na2Ca4(Zr0.5Ca0.5)(Si2O7)2OF3], and the transformation between the two phases is via the following substitution mechanism to keep charge balance: 2Ca2+ ⇋ Na+ + 0.5Zr4++0.5Ca2+ . The new mineral is named in honor of Professor Xuanxue Mo (born 1938), a distinguished petrologist from the China University of Geosciences (Beijing), for his outstanding contribution to magmatism and related mineralization in China.
Berndlehmannite: A new V-bearing sulfide mineral from the black shale-hosted Zhongcun vanadium deposit, South China
Authors: Fu Xuerui , Li Guowu , Xu Lingang , Xue Yuan , Sun Ningyue , Hao Jinhua , Jian Wei , Yan Hao , Ye Huishou , Ding Jianhua , Yuan Peng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Berndlehmannite, Cu(CrV)S4, is a newly identified V-bearing sulfide mineral discovered in the black shale-hosted Zhongcun vanadium deposit, South China. It is abundant in a phosphatic nodule-rich layer and is commonly mineralogically associated with roscoelite, quartz, and framboidal pyrite. Berndlehmannite exhibits black color in hand specimens with a black streak and it comprises subhedral grains that vary in size from 20 to 120 μm. The mineral is opaque with a cream-colored polished surface under reflected light. It has a Mohs hardness of 3½ with a {111} perfect cleavage, and its calculated density is 4.17 g·cm−3. Berndlehmannite is cubic, with space group Fd-3m; the unit-cell parameters determined from powder data are a = 9.8585(22) Å, V = 958.1(6) Å3, and Z = 8. The unit-cell parameters by single-crystal X-ray diffraction are a = 9.8374(2) Å, V = 952.01(6) Å3, Z = 8, and the final value of R is 0.015. The mineral is a member of the carrollite subgroup within the thiospinel group, featuring (Cr,V)S6 in octahedral coordination and CuS4 in tetrahedral coordination. The calculated empirical formula from electron-probe microanalysis is (Cu+0.99Zn0.02)Σ1.01(Cr3+0.87V4+1.00Sb0.07As0.04)Σ1.98S4.01 with an average V content of 17.0 wt%. It has the highest V component compared to other V-bearing minerals in black shales and may provide new insight into the vanadium enrichment mechanism in black shales. Berndlehmannite is named to honor Bernd Lehmann (1950- ), Professor emeritus of Economic Geology at Technische Universität Clausthal, Germany.