bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support needs of carers of dependent adults from a Bangladeshi community
Authors: Merrell Joy , Kinsella Faye , Murphy Fiona , Philpin Susan , Ali Amina 
Published: August 2005

Aim.  This paper reports a study identifying the health and social care needs of informal carers for dependent adult relatives from a Bangladeshi community in South Wales and their views on the acceptability and appropriateness of formal support services provided by statutory, private and voluntary sectors.Background.  Within the next 20 years in the United Kingdom the proportion of older people from black and ethnic minority communities will dramatically increase and there will be an increased demand for carers. Asian carers, particularly Bangladeshi carers, are one of the most neglected and invisible groups. As carers are fundamental to the success of community care and their importance is increasingly recognized, caregiving within Asian communities needs further exploration.Methods.  A qualitative study with individual focused interviews was conducted with 20 Bangladeshi carers, using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. Maxwell's dimensions of acceptability and appropriateness of quality of care were applied to aid understanding of the findings.Findings.  Families primarily cared for Bangladeshi dependent adults and viewed the experience positively, although they were providing care under challenging circumstances. There was a lack of awareness of the health and social services available to assist carers, and limited involvement of community nursing and social services. A tension was identified in accepting some types of formal support, and ethnocentrism in service provision was evident.Conclusion.  Institutional barriers to accessing formal support, such as the inability to meet religious and cultural needs, must be addressed if Bangladeshi carers are to be provided with services which are acceptable to them. Primary care providers, including community nurses and health visitors, need to work in partnership with the Bangladeshi community if services are to be acceptable and appropriate for meeting the needs of these hidden carers.
Quality of life of patients on haemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Cleary Joanne , Drennan Jonathan 
Published: August 2005

Aim.  The aims of the study were (a) to measure the overall quality of life of people receiving haemodialysis, (b) to compare the quality of life of the sample with that of the general population and (c) to identify any differences between the quality of life of people who are adequately dialysed and those inadequately dialysed, as determined by Kt/Vurea (dialysis adequacy) measurements.Background.  End stage renal disease is a progressive, debilitating, chronic illness requiring nursing and medical interventions. The development of the disease affects quality of life, potentially influencing physical and mental health, functional status, independence, general well‐being, personal relationships and social functioning.Method.  A descriptive, cross‐sectional, survey was carried out of the quality of life of patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment at a hospital in the Republic of Ireland. A non‐probability sample of 97 patients was chosen. Health‐related quality of life was assessed using the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire.Findings.  Patients receiving haemodialysis identified limitations in a number of areas including vitality, physical functioning and physical role limitations. They also reported significantly lower physical functioning when compared with general population norm‐based scores. Differences were also found in mental health scores between patients who were well‐dialysed and those less well‐dialysed.Conclusion.  End‐stage renal disease and its ensuing treatments negatively affect quality of life. Nurses aware of this evidence can explore new ways to assess more accurately and identify specific problem areas for individual patients and take action to ameliorate these.
Regional differences in NREM sleep slow‐wave activity in mice with congenital callosal dysgenesis
Authors: VYAZOVSKIY VLADYSLAV V. , TOBLER IRENE 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTopographic differences in the sleep EEG have been repeatedly found in humans and rodents. A frontal predominance of EEG slow‐wave activity (0.75–4 Hz; delta band) during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is particularly evident under conditions of increased sleep propensity. Local aspects of neuronal connectivity in the neocortex that are modified by specific neuronal stimulation may underlie these differences. To investigate the role of altered neuronal connectivity on anterior–posterior EEG topography, sleep was recorded in mice with congenital dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (B1 strain) during baseline and after 6 h sleep deprivation (SD). In these mice neuronal connections within a hemisphere are increased due to the longitudinal Probst bundle, a structure of re‐routed callosal fibers. After SD the frequencies above 1.5 Hz within the delta band in NREM sleep were reduced in B1 mice compared with control C57BL/6 mice, a strain that has a normal corpus callosum, while power in the lowest frequency band (0.75–1.0 Hz) was enhanced in B1 mice. The differences between the strains subsided in the course of recovery. The redistribution of EEG power within the delta band in the frontal region in mice with a well developed Probst bundle, suggests a role of intracortical connectivity in local sleep regulation.
‘Nocturnal groaning’: just a sound or parasomnia?
Authors: OLDANI A. , MANCONI M. , ZUCCONI M. , CASTRONOVO V. , FERINI‐STRAMBI L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe describe the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of 12 patients complaining of expiratory groaning during sleep. Groaning occurred almost exclusively during rapid eye movement sleep. We reviewed all the literature cases, obtaining a total sample of 27 patients. There is no evident association with any predisposing factors or underlying disease. The results obtained from empirical treatment, including drugs and CPAP, are unsatisfactory. The origins of nocturnal groaning, as well as the long‐term prognosis, remained unexplained.
Daytime sleepiness in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease and its relationship with cognitive impairment
Authors: BONANNI ENRICA , MAESTRI MICHELANGELO , TOGNONI GLORIA , FABBRINI MONICA , NUCCIARONE BARBARA , MANCA MARIA LAURA , GORI SARA , IUDICE ALFONSO , MURRI LUIGI 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe increased tendency to fall asleep during the daytime together with increased wakefulness during the night has been demonstrated in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to assess daytime sleep propensity in a cohort of patients with mild/moderate AD and to correlate it with cognitive impairment. Twenty drug‐free AD patients meeting the NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria for probable AD were evaluated. According to their Clinical Dementia Rating scores, subjects were classified into mild (CDR1; n = 11) and moderate (CDR2; n = 9) dementia patients. A group of 12 healthy subjects was taken as controls. The subjects were evaluated by the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) after their nocturnal sleep pattern had been assessed by a polysomnographic recording throughout the night before. Both groups of AD patients showed a higher level of daytime sleepiness, which was statistically significant for mean daytime sleep latency (MDSL) (controls versus CDR1 and versus CDR2, CDR1 versus CDR2) and for 10:00 and 12:00 hour naps (controls versus CDR1, controls versus CDR2). In the entire group of AD patients, MDSL was significantly related with MMSE, De Renzi's Token test, verbal fluency, verbal digit span, story recall, Raven's Progressive Matrices, Weigl test and Benton's three‐dimensional test. These data indicate that an increased sleep propensity during daytime occurs also in patients with mild/moderate AD detected by objective neurophysiological techniques.
Multiple genotypes of the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 in Plasmodium falciparum infections in a hypoendemic area in Iran
Authors: Zakeri Sedigheh , Bereczky Sándor , Naimi Parin , Pedro Gil J. , Djadid Navid Dinparast , Färnert Anna , Snounou Georges , Björkman Anders 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn Iran, malaria transmission mainly occurs in south‐eastern regions through both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The genetic diversity of P. falciparum isolates was analysed in 108 patients attending the regional hospital in Chabahar District, using the molecular markers msp1 and msp2. Multiple genotypes were detected in 87% of patients and the mean numbers of msp1 and msp2 genotypes were 2.51 (95% CI: 2.29–2.73) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.39–2.83) respectively. Various allelic types of msp1 and msp2 were found, with msp2 3D7/IC type detected in 94% of infections. Plasmodium falciparum infections in south‐east Iran appear to have a higher genetic diversity than expected for an area of low transmission. A situation of higher transmission in this area may be emerging, possibly because of reduced efficacy of first‐line treatments.
Diversity and composition of Arctiidae moth ensembles along a successional gradient in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Hilt Nadine , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTAndean montane rain forests are among the most species‐rich terrestrial habitats. Little is known about their insect communities and how these respond to anthropogenic habitat alteration. We investigated exceptionally speciose ensembles of nocturnal tiger moths (Arctiidae) at 15 anthropogenically disturbed sites, which together depict a gradient of forest recovery and six closed‐forest understorey sites in southern Ecuador. At weak light traps we sampled 9211 arctiids, representing 287 species. Arctiid abundance and diversity were highest at advanced succession sites, where secondary scrub or young forest had re‐established, followed by early succession sites, and were lowest, but still high, in mature forest understorey. The proportion of rare species showed the reverse pattern. We ordinated moth samples by non‐metric multidimensional scaling using the chord‐normalized expected species shared index (CNESS) index at various levels of the sample size parameterm. A distinct segregation of arctiid ensembles at succession sites from those in mature forest consistently emerged only at highm‐values. Segregation between ensembles of early vs. late succession stages was also clear at highmvalues only, and was rather weak. Rare species were responsible for much of the faunal difference along the succession gradient, whereas many common arctiid species occurred in all sites. Matrix correlation tests as well as exploration of relationships between ordination axes and environmental variables revealed the degree of habitat openness, and to a lesser extent, elevation, as best predictors of faunal dissimilarity. Faunal differences were not related to geographical distances between sampling sites. Our results suggest that many of the more common tiger moths of Neotropical montane forests have a substantial recolonization potential at the small spatial scale of our study and accordingly occur also in landscape mosaics surrounding nature reserves. These species contribute to the unexpectedly high diversity of arctiid ensembles at disturbed sites, whereas the proportion of rare species declines outside mature forest.
Three‐Dimensional Vasculature of the Bovine Liver
Authors: Shirai W. , Sato T. , Shibuya H. , Naito K. , Tsukise A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTo clarify anatomical distribution of Fasciola infection, the vascular and ductal architectures of the liver were studied by means of corrosion cast technique using synthetic resin. The arteria hepatica propria (AP) passes as the arteria gastroduodenalis (AG); AP becomes the left trunk after the porta hepatis; AP passes on the right side of vena porta communis (VPC) and projects AG while curving in a U‐shape below the portal vein. Hepatic veins located between the vena hepatica media (HM) and vena hepatica dextra (HD) varied widely among specimens and were irregular, including the vena hepatica dorso‐lateralis sinistra (Hds), vena hepatica dorso‐lateralis dextra (Hdd), vena hepatica lobi caudati (Hlc), venae hepaticae processus caudati (Hpc), venae hepaticae processus papillaris (Hpp), and the hepatic vein to the dorsal intermediate part, which directly or indirectly drained into the vena cava caudalis. The courses of the bovine hepatic veins were markedly diverse, and anastomoses between vena hepatica sinistra (HS) and Hds were observed in about a half of the livers. The portal vein entered the liver as VPC slightly above the centre of the right lobe on the visceral surface. The intermediate or transverse part [pars transversa trunci sinistri (PTS)] of truncus sinister (TS), which extends from the entry of the portal vein into the left lobe of the liver, was slightly arched downward [pars umbilicalis trunci sinistri (PUS)]. The portal vein further arched from the distal end of TS to the umbilical vein and ran towards the inter‐lobar incision between the left lobe and quadrate lobe. Based on these branches, hepatic segments were determined as 13 or 14 areas. A total of 15 bile ducts were derived from various lobes. The hepatic duct was about 2.6–6 cm long from the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts to the division of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Choroid Plexus of the Lateral Ventricle of the Horse
Authors: Adami M. , Faria M. M. M. D. , Almeida A. E. F. S. , Pinto M. G. F. , Prada I. L. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe present study examined the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the horse. The material was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 m sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.3, processed and analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The choroid plexus was characterized by regions with a predominance of villi, which resembled finger‐like projections or bunches of grapes, and others where straight and uniform folds predominated. Epithelial cells projected into the ventricle and large amounts of cilia and microvilli were observed on their surface. The choroid glomus corresponded to a dilatation of the choroid plexus and was characterized by blood vessels of different calibres surrounded by connective tissue.
Effect of Ploidy and Flowering Type of Red Clover Cultivars and of Isolate Origin on Severity of Clover Rot, Sclerotinia trifoliorum
Authors: ÖHberg H. , Ruth P. , Bång U. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTwo complementary experiments were conducted in a controlled environment to elucidate the interactions between the fungus Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss. and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). In one of these studies, two hardened diploid red clover cultivars (cvs) were inoculated with 20 isolates of S. trifoliorum of various geographic origins. In the other study, 20 red clover cvs, diploid or tetraploid, including late and medium‐late flowering types, were inoculated with two isolates of the fungus. Prior to inoculation, some plants were hardened by subjecting them to a low temperature and light treatment mimicking autumn conditions. Late flowering cvs were found more resistant than medium‐late ones. Isolates collected in the northern region, where late cvs are grown, were significantly more aggressive than isolates from southern locations, where medium‐late cvs are more prevalent. Such an adaptation has not previously been reported for this fungus. This is the first report concerning flowering type and resistance in red clover. Tetraploids were generally not more resistant than diploids. A hardening procedure for red clover plants was found to be a prerequisite for detecting the differences in disease resistance.
16S rDNA Sequence Analysis of Bacterial Isolates from Die‐back Affected Sissoo Trees (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) in Bangladesh
Authors: Tantau H. , Hoque M. I. , Sarker R. H. , Mühlbach H.‐P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new form of disease called ‘die‐back’ has been established in Dalbergia sissoo trees. This disease has reached epidemic proportions in Bangladesh as well as in other countries of South Asia and is characterized by browning of the leaves, signs of wilting, and trunk lesions with gum flow. The trees die within a few months. In order to investigate the causes of this die‐back disease, samples were taken for a first trial in the Rajshahi division at two sites around Sherpur. For the isolation of bacteria, surface‐sterilized plant material (leaves, twigs and trunk bark) from diseased trees was transferred to LB medium and incubated. After isolation of single colonies, various bacteria species could be identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis with two primers specific for highly conserved sequence regions in the bacterial 16S rDNA and by sequencing. First indications for the presence of bacteria with phytopathogenic potential were found.
Induction of Defence Responses in Roots and Mesocotyls of Sorghum Seedlings by Inoculation with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum, Wounding and Light
Authors: Huang L.‐D. , Backhouse D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe defence reactions of sorghum seedlings 7 days after inoculation with Fusarium thapsinum and F. proliferatum, and interactions with wounding and exposure to light were studied to determine whether responses to these fungi differed from those to abiotic stresses. In non‐wounded plants, inoculation with both fungi increased concentrations of anthocyanins and soluble phenolics and activities of peroxidase (POX), chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase in the roots, and increased β‐1,3‐glucanase activity in the mesocotyls. There was no effect of inoculation on phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity. Wounding by itself increased anthocyanin content of mesocotyls. Wounding also had a variety of interactions with inoculation. Exposure to light had very little effect on any defence response measured. A time course experiment showed that induction of chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase occurred in less than 24 h after inoculation. POX activity increased 2 days after inoculation, followed by a transient increase in PAL activity. The content of anthocyanins and soluble phenolics in roots of inoculated seedlings increased gradually compared with controls over 6 days. The responses of sorghum seedlings to inoculation with F. thapsinum and F. proliferatum were similar to those found by other workers following challenge by necrotrophic pathogens and were different from those induced by wounding and exposure to light.
Incidence of Viruses Infecting Cucurbits in Cyprus
Authors: Papayiannis L. C. , Ioannou N. , Boubourakas I. N. , Dovas C. I. , Katis N. I. , Falk B. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn a survey during 2000–2002 to determine the identity and prevalence of viruses affecting cucurbit crops in Cyprus, 2993 samples of cucumber, zucchini, melon and watermelon were collected from the five major cucurbit‐growing areas in Cyprus. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV‐W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Beet pseudo‐yellows virus (BPYV) and Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). ZYMV was the most prevalent virus of cucurbits in Cyprus with an overall incidence of 45%. PRSV‐W, CABYV and WMV were detected in 20.8%, 20.8% and 7.8% of the samples tested, respectively. CYSDV was detected in most greenhouse cucumber samples with yellowing symptoms (88.1%), whereas BPYV and CVYV were found in only 2.4% and 9.5%, respectively, of samples. CMV and SqMV were not detected in any cucurbitaceous crop during this survey.
Reduction of Phytophthora Stem Rot Disease on Soybeans by the Application of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2
Authors: Sugimoto T. , Aino M. , Sugimoto M. , Watanabe K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 on fungal growth of Phytophthora sojae isolates, disease reduction on two cultivars of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Chusei‐Hikarikuro (black soybean) and cv. Sachiyutaka (white soybean) and zoospore release. A concentration of 20–30 mm CaCl2 or 30 mm Ca(NO3)2 led to a slight decrease of the growth rate of two isolates on PDA; however, 0.4 and 4 mm of CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 increased growth. The application of 4 mm CaCl2 or more than 4 mm Ca(NO3)2 before inoculation greatly inhibited infection in the two soybean cultivars. Disease suppression recorded in laboratory experiments using pathogen mycelium was because of the response of plant tissues rather than a direct inhibition of pathogen hyphal growth by the application of calcium. Furthermore, Ca(NO3)2 was more effective than CaCl2. The calcium contents in plants increased at the time of inoculation. The extent of disease reduction was related to an increased calcium uptake by plants of the two cultivars, except for some cases involving cv. Chusei‐Hikarikuro. Results showed that the effective element in reducing Phytophthora stem rot was calcium and that differences existed between the two cultivars in terms of the mechanisms of calcium uptake and the effect on disease suppression. The presence of 4–30 mm CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 decreased the release of zoospores from isolates on lima bean agar, although 0.4 mm CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2 significantly induced zoospore release. These results suggest the possibility of applying a solution containing more than 4 mm of calcium to decrease the incidence of disease in agricultural fields by the inhibition of zoospore release.
Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by AMF Glomus intraradices and some Rhizobacteria
Authors: Akköprü A. , Demir S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and four rhizobacteria (RB; 58/1 and D/2: Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar II; 17: P. putida; 21: Enterobacter cloacae), which are the important members of the rhizosphere microflora and biological control agents against plant diseases, were examined in the pathosystem of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici [(Sacc) Syd. et Hans] (FOL) and tomato with respect to morphological parameters (fresh and dry root weight) and phosphorous (P) concentration in the roots. Treatments with single and dual inoculation with G. intraradices and RB strains reduced disease severity by 8.6–58.6%. Individual bacteria inoculations were more effective than both the single AMF and dual (G. intraradices + RB) inoculations. In addition, the RB and G. intraradices enhanced dry root weight effectively. Significant increases in root weights were recorded particularly in the triple inoculations compared with single or dual inoculations. Compared with the non‐treated controls all biological control agents increased P‐content of treated roots of plants. Colonization with RB increased especially in triple (FOL + G. intraradices + RB) inoculations whereas colonization of G. intraradices was significantly decreased in treatment of FOL + G. intraradices compared with triple inoculations. The results suggest that suitable combinations of these biocontrol agents may ameliorate plant growth and health.