bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive mammary carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: Review of the cytologic literature and distinction from other mammary lesions containing giant cells
Authors: Cai Guoping , Simsir Aylin , Cangiarella Joan 
Published: May 2004

AbstractInvasive carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells is an unusual type of mammary adenocarcinoma with few cases reported in the cytology literature. We present the cytologic findings in a case of invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast containing osteoclast‐like giant cells diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. The smears displayed three‐dimensional cohesive cluster cells of uniform epithelial cells admixed with numerous multinucleated giant cells that morphologically resembled osteoclasts. Core biopsy confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that the multinucleated giant cells were of histocytic origin. Knowledge of the bland cytologic pattern and the admixture of giant cells seen in invasive cribriform carcinoma with osteoclast‐like giant cells should avoid making a false negative diagnosis on aspiration biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:396–400. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lessons learned from Austrian SEAs
Authors: Aschemann Ralf 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSince 1998, a number of voluntary strategic environmental assessment (SEA) pilot projects have been completed in Austria. This paper deals with the lessons learned, focusing on three main issues: (i) the involvement of stakeholders and the public; (ii) the methods used in the assessment of environmental impacts and (iii) the impact of SEA on decision making. Based on the analysis, a number of conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given for future SEA in Austria. These particularly include aspects of effective participation, communication, presentation and moderation, early scoping, the use of a limited number of indicators, transparent assessment methods and effective monitoring. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Interferences in clinical capillary zone electrophoresis of serum proteins
Authors: Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCapillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of serum proteins has become a well‐accepted method for the separation of serum proteins and for the detection of monoclonal proteins in clinical laboratories. As CZE uses ultraviolet detection for direct protein quantification, exogenous ultraviolet‐absorbing substances are a novel challenge, not present in conventional gel‐based methods in which protein is quantified by dye binding. This minireview gives a survey of interfering substances, including iodinated contrast agents and antibiotics.
Forensic DNA typing by capillary electrophoresis using the ABI Prism 310 and 3100 genetic analyzers for STR analysis
Authors: Butler John M. , Buel Eric , Crivellente Federica , McCord Bruce R. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDNA typing with short tandem repeat (STR) markers is now widely used for a variety of applications including human identification. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments, such as the ABI Prism 310 and ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzers, are the method of choice for many laboratories performing STR analysis. This review discusses issues surrounding sample preparation, injection, separation, detection, and interpretation of STR results using CE systems. Requirements for accurate typing of STR alleles are considered in the context of what future analysis platforms will need to increase sample throughput and ease of use.
Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection
Authors: Alnajjar Ahmed , Butcher Jared A. , McCord Bruce 
Published: June 2004

AbstractMethods for separation and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in biological fluids using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with native fluorescence and laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) detection are described herein. Using native fluorescence, normorphine, morphine, 6‐acetyl morphine (6‐AM), and codeine were analyzed by CE without any derivatization procedure and detected at an excitation wavelength of 245 nm with a cut‐off emission filter of 320 nm, providing a rapid and simple analysis. The detection limits were in the range of 200 ng/mL. For a highly sensitive analysis, LIF detection was also examined using a two‐step precolumn derivatization procedure. In this case, drugs extracted from human urine were first subjected to an N‐demethylation reaction involving the use of 1‐chloroethyl chloroformate (ACE‐Cl) and then derivatized using fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC) and analyzed by CE coupled to a LIF detector. Variables affecting this derivatization: yield of demethylation reaction, FITC concentration, reaction time and temperature, were studied. The estimated instrumental detection limits of the FITC derivatives were in the range of 50–100 pg/mL, using LIF detection with excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 nm and 520 nm, respectively. The linearity, reproducibility and reliability of the methods were evaluated. In addition, a comparison of the characteristics for both native fluorescence and LIF detections was also discussed.
Quantitation of reduced glutathione and cysteine in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients
Authors: Sbrana Elena , Paladini Adriano , Bramanti Emilia , Spinetti Maria C. , Raspi Giorgio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPlasma viral load (VL) values and CD4+ cell count are employed clinically for initiation of therapy in the treatment of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as previous clinical studies have shown a marked prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency sydrome (AIDS) development in seropositive individuals with VL values over 30 000 copies/mL. Many studies have shown that reduced glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) deficiency play an important role in the infection. We have developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)‐based assays and have used them to investigate the relationship between plasma and intracellular thiol levels and HIV‐1 viremia in plasma. Blood samples from healthy volunteers and seropositive patients undergoing different antiretroviral regimes were analyzed in the study. The VL assay was based on CZE‐UV detection of viral RNA at 260 nm. Determination of endogenous reduced Cys and GSH was achieved by CZE‐UV detection of their mercurial complexes at 200 nm. We found that a decrease in GSH and Cys levels may be associated with disease progress. In fact, reduced GSH and Cys levels appear progressively reduced with increasing VL.
A critical evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis‐ electrospray‐mass spectrometry for the detection and determination of small molecules of significance in clinical and forensic science
Authors: Smyth W. Franklin , Brooks Peter 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA critical review of applications for the period 2000–2003, taken from the Web of Knowledge database, of the techniques high performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS) and capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS) to the detection and determination of small molecules of significance in clinical and forensic science is presented. The molecules of mass less than 500 Da are chosen according to selected structural classes in which they give ESI signals primarily as [M+H]+ions although other ions such as [M−H]−, [M+Na]+and [M+NH4]+are also reported. The structural classes are drugs with amine‐containing side chains, drugs withN‐containing saturated ring structures, 1,4‐benzodiazepines, carbohydrates, benzimidazoles, other heterocycles, sulphonylureas, anthracyclines, sulphonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, nitrocatechols, steroids, flavonoids, oxazaphosphorines, cannabinols, and miscellaneous molecules. Details are given on the fragmentations, where available, that these ionic species exhibit in‐source and in ion‐trap, triple quadrupole and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers. The review then gives a critical evaluation of these recent HPLC‐ESI‐MS and CE‐ESI‐MS analytical methods for the detection and determination of small molecules of clinical and forensic significance. Analytical information on, for example, sample concentration techniques, HPLC and CE separation conditions, recoveries from biological media and limits of detection (LODs) are provided.
S‐Adenosyl methionine/S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine ratio determination by capillary electrophoresis employed as a monitoring tool for the antiviral effectiveness of adenosine analogs
Authors: Sbrana Elena , Bramanti Emilia , Spinetti Maria C. , Raspi Giorgio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractS‐Adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine hydrolase (SAHh) inhibitors have long been used as broad‐range antivirals and have been recently evaluated as an experimental therapy of filovirus infections. In response to the need for a rapid laboratory testing method that could assess antiviral potency in vivo, our group developed a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the determination of the S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) to S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) ratio. After chloroacetaldehyde derivatization, SAH and SAM were detected using laser‐induced fluorescence detection with a HeCd laser. Separation and quantitation of both SAH and SAM in human plasma were achieved in less than 1 min. The proposed method is rapid and reliable, and could be easily applied to routine monitoring of clinical and preclinical trials subjects.
Capillary electrophoresis combined with microdialysis in the human spinal cord: A new tool for monitoring rapid peroperative changes in amino acid neurotransmitters within the dorsal horn
Authors: Parrot Sandrine , Sauvinet Valérie , Xavier Jean‐Michel , Chavagnac Delphine , Mouly‐Badina Laurence , Garcia‐Larrea Luis , Mertens Patrick , Renaud Bernard 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA method originally developed for the separation of the three neurotransmitters γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu) and L‐aspartate (L‐Asp) in microdialysis samples from rat brain (Sauvinet et al., Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 3187–3196) was applied to human spinal dialysates obtained during peroperative microdialysis from patients undergoing surgery against chronic pain. Molecules were tagged on their primary amine function with the fluorogene agent, naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde (NDA), and, after separation by capillary electrophoresis (CE, 75 mmol/L borate buffer, pH 9.2, containing 70 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10 mmol/L hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, + 25 kV voltage), were detected by laser‐induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) using a 442 nm helium‐cadmium laser. The complete method, including microdialysis sampling and analysis by CE‐LIFD, has been validated for the analysis of human spinal microdialysates. The analytical detection limits were 1, 3.7 and 17 nmol/L for GABA, Glu and L‐Asp respectively. This method allows an accurate measurement of the three amino acid neurotransmitters during an in vivo monitoring performed as rapidly as every minute in the human spinal dorsal horn. In addition, the effect of a brief peroperative electrical stimulation of the dorsal rootlets was investigated. The results obtained illustrate the advantages of combining microdialysis with CE‐LIFD for studying neurotransmitters with such a high sampling rate.
A comparative study of microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the analysis of UV‐absorbing compounds in human urine
Authors: Melin Virginie , Perrett David 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSeparations of human urine by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) with respect to resolution, migration times and efficiencies were optimized and compared. The optimised MEEKC and MEKC methods were simple and fast, both of which are excellent characteristics for the complex separations required in clinical and biomedical studies. However, resolution in MEKC was significantly greater than in MEEKC although migration times were 30% faster for the optimised MEEKC method. In addition, a faster analysis method (short‐end injection) specifically for routine screening purposes was also investigated. With both MEEKC and MEKC modes, this provided short separations (less than 4 min for urine) with no major compromise in resolution. In conclusion, we found that MEEKC offered no real advantage over MEKC for urine analysis.
Determination of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with direct sample injection
Authors: Tseng Shou‐Hui , Yang Yuan‐Han , Chen Yi‐Ru , Chen Su‐Hwei 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA simple micellar capillary electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with UV detection is described for analysis of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by direct injection without any sample pretreatment. The separation of cefepime from biological matrix was performed at 25°C using a background electrolyte consisting of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the electrolyte solution. Under optimal MEKC condition, good separation with high efficiency and short analyses time is achieved. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drug were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. Using cefazolin as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for the determination of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were 1–50 and 1–20 μg/mL, respectively; the detection limits of plasma (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3; injection, 5 kV, 5 s) and cerebrospinal fluid (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3; injection, 0.5 psi, 3 s) were 0.2 μg/mL and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. Application of the proposed method for determination of cefepime in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid collected after intravenous administration of 2 g cefepime in patients with meningitis was demonstrated.
Direct measurement of lithium in whole blood using microchip capillary electrophoresis with integrated conductivity detection
Authors: Vrouwe Elwin X. , Luttge Regina , van den Berg Albert 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe direct measurement of lithium in whole blood is described. Using microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with defined sample loading and applying the principles of column coupling, alkali metals were determined in a drop of whole blood. Blood collected from a finger stick was mixed with anticoagulant and transferred onto the chip without extraction or removal of components. The electrokinetic transport of red blood cells inside the channels was studied to find sample loading conditions suitable for the analysis of lithium without injecting cells into the separation channel. Both bare glass chips and chips coated with polyacrylamide were used showing the behavior of the cells under different electroosmotic flow conditions. In serum a detection limit for lithium of 0.4 mmol/L was reached. Proteins quickly contaminated untreated chip surfaces but devices with coating gave reproducible electropherograms. In addition, potassium and sodium were also detected in the same separation run. To our knowledge, this is the first device to directly measure ions in whole blood with the use of capillary zone electrophoresis on a microchip.
Microfluidic tectonics platform: A colorimetric, disposable botulinum toxin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system
Authors: Moorthy Jaisree , Mensing Glennys A. , Kim Dongshin , Mohanty Swomitra , Eddington David T. , Tepp William H. , Johnson Eric A. , Beebe David J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA fabrication platform for realizing integrated microfluidic devices is discussed. The platform allows for creating specific microsystems for multistep assays in an ad hoc manner as the components that perform the assay steps can be created at any location inside the device via in situ fabrication. The platform was utilized to create a prototype microsystem for detecting botulinum neurotoxin directly from whole blood. Process steps such as sample preparation by filtration, mixing and incubation with reagents was carried out on the device. Various microfluidic components such as channel network, valves and porous filter were fabricated from prepolymer mixture consisting of monomer, cross‐linker and a photoinitiator. For detection of the toxoid, biotinylated antibodies were immobilized on streptavidin‐functionalized agarose gel beads. The gel beads were introduced into the device and were used as readouts. Enzymatic reaction between alkaline phosphatase (on secondary antibody) and substrate produced an insoluble, colored precipitate that coated the beads thus making the readout visible to the naked eye. Clinically relevant amounts of the toxin can be detected from whole blood using the portable enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Multiple layers can be realized for effective space utilization and creating a three‐dimensional (3‐D) chaotic mixer. In addition, external materials such as membranes can be incorporated into the device as components. Individual components that were necessary to perform these steps were characterized, and their mutual compatibility is also discussed.
Mole Fraction Control of Poly([R]‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/HV) Synthesized by Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Mothes G. , Ackermann J.‐U. , Babel W. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDifferent substrate mixtures of acetic acid and valeric acid were used to synthesize copolymers of poly([R]‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/HV) with Paracoccus denitrificans under N‐limited conditions. A correlation between the substrate ratio and HV content was found in batch experiments, which seemed to be suitable to produce a number of defined copolymers. In fed‐batch fermentation, such correlation could only be found with carbon substrate mixtures of very restricted composition. Due to the individual substrate consumption rates with this technique, a polymer with 16.5 mol.‐% HV content [w/w] could be reproducibly synthesized. However, under N‐limited chemostatic cultivation conditions it was possible to produce a spectrum of definitely composed copolymers (3.0 %–46.3 mol.‐% HV) from different mixtures of acetic acid and valeric acid.
Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for the on‐line Measurement of Metabolic Fluxes: Case Lysine‐Production by Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Yang T.H. , Wittmann C. , Heinzle E. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA miniaturized reactor system with on‐line measurement of respiration rates by membrane inlet mass spectrometry was applied for the on‐line metabolic flux analysis at different phases of a 1.2 L batch culture of lysine‐producing Corynebacterium glutamicum. For this purpose, cells taken from the batch culture were transferred into the 12 mL mini reactor, and incubated for 15 min with [1‐18O]glucose. Quantification of oxygen uptake rate and CO2 mass isotopomer production rates in combination with a simple metabolic model allowed the estimation of the flux partitioning ratio between the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis during the process. The relative flux into the pentose pathway increased during growth, and reached maxima at 11 and 17 h cultivation time coinciding with maxima of the differential lysine yield. The developed system is a promising tool for determination of metabolic flux dynamics in industrially relevant batch and fed‐batch cultures.
Physicochemical Conditioning of Dredged Heavy Metal‐Polluted Sediment in Suspension
Authors: Löser C. , Zehnsdorf A. , Voigt K. , Seidel H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe remediation of heavy metal‐polluted aquatic sediment by solid‐bed bioleaching requires a material well permeable to air and water. Freshly dredged sediment is nearly impermeable and needs previous conditioning to make it suitable for solid‐bed leaching. This conditioning – in practice carried out by planting sediment packages with helophytes – comprises water removal by evapotranspiration, abiotic and microbial oxidation of sediment‐borne reduced compounds, acidification, as well as structural changes improving the sediment permeability. The rate of this process seems to be limited by the transport of oxygen into the sediment bed. For a better understanding of the physicochemical processes occurring during conditioning, sediment oxidation was studied in a stirred suspension to minimize transport limitations. Freshly dredged, silty, anoxic, heavy metal‐polluted sediment from the Weisse Elster River (Germany) was suspended in water and then continuously stirred and aerated at 20 °C. Aerobic conditions appeared within a few hours. The redox potential increased from – 400 to + 220 mV, at first very quickly and later more slowly. Sediment‐borne inorganic sulfur compounds were oxidized to sulfate (S0mainly within two days and sulfide within ten days), which reduced the pH from 7.2 to 5.9. A successive oxidation of FeS to Fe(II) sulfate, the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) followed by Fe(III) oxyhydrate formation caused the dissolved Fe to sharply increase and thereafter rapidly decrease. Ammonium was completely oxidized in a nitrification process to form nitrate, further decreasing the pH to 5.5. The acidification increased the solubility of Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, and K. The increase in dissolved Mn rules out any oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) since Mn(IV) would have been insoluble under the prevailing pH and redox conditions. Sediment oxidation did not proceed in a well‐defined, redox‐potential‐directed order, but individual (partly microbially) oxidation processes superimposed each other. Physicochemical conditioning of suspended sediment was completed after 20 days while conditioning in a solid bed would require months or even years. These different rates result from transport limitations in the solid bed. Sediment conditioning in a solid bed could therefore possibly be accelerated by prior sediment aeration.
Data Mining for Bioprocess Optimization
Authors: Rommel S. , Schuppert A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAlthough developed for completely different applications, the great technological potential of data analysis methods called “data mining” has increasingly been realized as a method for efficiently analyzing potentials for optimization and for troubleshooting within many application areas of process, technology. This paper presents the successful application of data mining methods for the optimization of a fermentation process, and discusses diverse characteristics of data mining for biological processes. For the optimization of biological processes a huge amount of possibly relevant process parameters exist. Those input variables can be parameters from devices as well as process control parameters. The main challenge of such optimizations is to robustly identify relevant combinations of parameters among a huge amount of process parameters. For the underlying process we found with the application of data mining methods, that the moment a special carbohydrate component is added has a strong impact on the formation of secondary components. The yield could also be increased by using 2 m3 fermentors instead of 1 m3 fermentors.