bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Understanding Polar Heat Transport Enhancement in Subglacial Oceans on Icy Moons
Authors: Hartmann Robert , Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Lohse Detlef , Verzicco Roberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe interior oceans of several icy moons are considered as affected by rotation. Observations suggest a larger heat transport around the poles than at the equator. Rotating Rayleigh‐Bénard convection (RRBC) in planar configuration can show an enhanced heat transport compared to the non‐rotating case within this “rotation‐affected” regime. We investigate the potential for such a (polar) heat transport enhancement in these subglacial oceans by direct numerical simulations of RRBC in spherical geometry for Ra = 106 and 0.7 ≤ Pr ≤ 4.38. We find an enhancement up to 28% in the “polar tangent cylinder,” which is globally compensated by a reduced heat transport at low latitudes. As a result, the polar heat transport can exceed the equatorial by up to 50%. The enhancement is mostly insensitive to different radial gravity profiles, but decreases for thinner shells. In general, polar heat transport and its enhancement in spherical RRBC follow the same principles as in planar RRBC.
Variability of Inflowing Current Into the Dotson Ice Shelf and Its Cause in the Amundsen Sea
Authors: Yang Heewon , Kim Tae‐Wan , Kim Yeonggi , Yoo Jaeill , Park Jisoo , Cho Yang‐Ki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inflow of warm and salty Circumpolar Deep Water affects the melting of the ice shelf on the Amundsen Sea, a significant contributor to global sea level rise. Multi‐year mooring data (2014–2016 and 2018–2020) from the front of the Dotson Ice Shelf show the modified Circumpolar Deep Water layer was thicker during 2018–2020 than during 2014–2016. During 2014–2016, Ocean surface stress curl influenced the barotropic process and strengthened southward velocity, while during 2018–2020, it caused lift and downwelling of thermocline depth, increasing the impact of the baroclinic process in ocean circulation. The heat transport to the ice shelf during 2018–2020 (57.42 MW m−1) was half as much as it was during 2014–2016 (111.06 MW m−1) due to a weaker lower layer current. The difference in ocean circulation between two periods, caused by a difference in warm layer thickness, ultimately impacts the heat transport entering the ice shelf cavity.
Aerosol‐Correlated Cloud Activation for Clean Conditions in the Tropical Atlantic Boundary Layer During LASIC
Authors: Dedrick Jeramy L. , Russell Lynn M. , Sedlacek Arthur J. , Kuang Chongai , Zawadowicz Maria A. , Lubin Dan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAerosol measurements during the DOE ARM Layered Atlantic Smoke Interactions with Clouds (LASIC) campaign were used to quantify the differences between clean and smoky cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) budgets. Accumulation‐mode particles accounted for ∼70% of CCN at supersaturations <0.3% in clean and smoky conditions. Aitken‐mode particles contributed <20% and sea‐spray‐mode particles <10% at supersaturations <0.3%, but at supersaturations >0.3% Aitken particles contributions increased to 30%–40% of clean CCN. For clean conditions, the Hoppel minimum diameter was correlated to the accumulation‐mode number concentration, indicating aerosol‐correlated cloud activation was controlling the lower diameter cutoff for which particles serve as CCN. For smoky conditions, the contributions of Aitken particles increase and the correlation of cloud activation to accumulation‐mode particles is masked by the lower‐hygroscopicity smoke. These results provide the first multi‐month in situ quantitative constraints on the role of aerosol number size distributions in controlling cloud activation in the tropical Atlantic boundary layer.
La Niña's Teleconnection to the Indian Ocean Dipole Controlled by Its Longitudinal Position
Authors: Zhang Teng , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Feng , Jin Fei‐Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile the prominent influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Indian Ocean Oscillation (IOD) is widely recognized, intricate relationships between them are often invoked that introduce challenges into seasonal predictions. Previous studies have shown that different flavors of El Niño exhibit distinct associations with the IOD. In this study, we demonstrate that La Niña's teleconnection to the IOD is primarily controlled by its longitudinal position. Westward‐displaced La Niña events tend to produce stronger negative convection anomalies in the central Pacific and more pronounced Walk Circulation anomalies, thereby triggering strong negative IOD events. In contrast, eastward‐displaced La Niña events are usually accompanied by feeble convection response due to the excessively cold conditions in the cold tongue, yielding insignificant IOD response. The pivotal role of La Niña's longitudinal position on the IOD's response is realistically reproduced by targeted pacemaker experiments, providing new insights into inter‐basin climate connections.
The Projected Poleward Shift of Tropical Cyclogenesis at a Global Scale Under Climate Change in MRI‐AGCM3.2H
Authors: Cao Xi , Watanabe Masahiro , Wu Renguang , Chen Wen , Sun Ying , Yan Qing , Wang Pengfei , Deng Difei , Wu Liang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFuture climate projections suggest a poleward shift of the maximum intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific. However, the global nature of the latitudinal change in TC genesis under global warming remains poorly understood. We show, using large‐ensemble high‐resolution atmospheric model simulations (d4PDF) with four warming scenarios, that the poleward shift is a robust change over the globe, attributable to the weakening of the Hadley circulation. The weakened ascent driven by the upper‐tropospheric warming suppresses the TC genesis within 5°–20° latitudes, whereas the weakened descent enhances the TC genesis in the poleward latitudes. We further estimate the poleward shift of TC genesis to emerge at the 2 K global warming over the Arabian Sea, South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and at the 4 K warming over the North Pacific. The present results underscore the potential for increasing social and economic risks associated with TCs at higher latitudes.
Arctic Sea Ice Loss Modulates the Surface Impact of Autumn Stratospheric Polar Vortex Stretching Events
Authors: Zou Chuntao , Zhang Ruonan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cold Eurasia has been proposed to be closely linked to the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), however, how the Arctic sea ice modulates the surface impacts of the weak SPV is unclear. This study explores the critical modulating role of reduced Arctic sea ice in the surface cooling response to SPV stretching events in autumn. Here, through ERA5 reanalysis and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model simulations, we show that Eurasian cold events are more likely (45%) to occur in days 30–50 after the onset of SPV stretching events under lower Barents‐Kara Seas (BKS) sea ice conditions, in contrast to under heavy BKS sea ice conditions when robust surface cooling is absent. The stratospheric and tropospheric pathways explain 46.8% and 53.2% of the total variance of Siberian coldness, respectively. The downward extension of anomalous stratospheric wave‐2 ridge to the troposphere intensifies the Arctic‐North European high, favoring the subsequent colder Siberia.
Antibodies toward Na+,HCO3–-cotransporter NBCn1/SLC4A7 block net acid extrusion and cause pH-dependent growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer
Authors: Axelsen Trine V. , Olesen Claus , Khan Danish , Mohammadi Ali , Bouzinova Elena V. , Nielsen Christine J. F. , Mele Marco , Hauerslev Katrine R. , Pedersen Helene L. , Balling Eva , Vahl Pernille , Tramm Trine , Christiansen Peer M. , Boedtkjer Ebbe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Na+,HCO3–-cotransporter NBCn1/Slc4a7 accelerates murine breast carcinogenesis. Lack of specific pharmacological tools previously restricted therapeutic targeting of NBCn1 and identification of NBCn1-dependent functions in human breast cancer.

Methods
We develop extracellularly-targeted anti-NBCn1 antibodies, screen for functional activity on cells, and evaluate (a) mechanisms of intracellular pH regulation in human primary breast carcinomas, (b) proliferation, cell death, and tumor growth consequences of NBCn1 in triple-negative breast cancer, and (c) association of NBCn1-mediated Na+,HCO3–-cotransport with human breast cancer metastasis.

Results
We identify high-affinity (KD ≈ 0.14 nM) anti-NBCn1 antibodies that block human NBCn1-mediated Na+,HCO3–-cotransport in cells, without cross-reactivity towards human NBCe1 or murine NBCn1. These anti-NBCn1 antibodies abolish Na+,HCO3–-cotransport activity in freshly isolated primary organoids from human breast carcinomas and lower net acid extrusion effectively in primary breast cancer tissue from patients with macrometastases in axillary lymph nodes. Inhibitory anti-NBCn1 antibodies decelerate tumor growth in vivo by ~50% in a patient-derived xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer and pH-dependently reduce colony formation, cause G2/M-phase cell cycle accumulation, and increase apoptosis of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro.

Conclusions
Inhibitory anti-NBCn1 antibodies block net acid extrusion in human breast cancer tissue, particularly from patients with disseminated disease, and pH-dependently limit triple-negative breast cancer growth.
Validation of WINROP algorithm as screening tool of retinopathy of prematurity among Egyptian preterm neonates
Authors: Fares Asmaa , Abdelmonaim Sherif , Sayed Dina , Sadek Sherin , Abdulrazek Abdulrahman , Helmy Youssef , Maher Sara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide. Proper screening for ROP can prevent loss of vision. WINROP (weight, insulin-like growth factor 1, neonatal, retinopathy of prematurity) is an online surveillance system based on gestational age, birth weight and weekly weight gain that can predict infants at risk of sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity.

Aims
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of WINROP algorithm in detecting sight-threatening ROP in Egyptian preterm neonates.

Methods
Birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA) and weekly weight measurement of 365 preterm infants were prospectively entered into WINROP algorithm. Based on these inputs, the algorithm would output and a screening was performed as is standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated by comparing WINROP outcomes with ROP screening outcomes.

Results
Of the infants included in the study the mean GA was ±31.24 and mean BW was ±1508.78. A high risk WINROP alarm was triggered in 62 infants of whom 16 infants develop type 1 or type 2 ROP. These infants had associated comorbidities including sepsis, Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), history of transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCS) and history of platelet transfusion. A low risk WINROP alarm was triggered in 303 infants of whom 15 infants developed type 1 or type 2ROP. WINROP showed a sensitivity of 51.6%, a specificity of 86.2%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 52.8% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95% for detection of type 1 or type 2 ROP.

Conclusion
WINROP has low sensitivity and high specificity for detection of ROP. It may help in ROP prediction but can’t be used alone. Modification of WINROP algorithm taking into account other risk factors may improve sensitivity and reduce number for ROP examination.
5-aminosalicylic acid suppresses osteoarthritis through the OSCAR-PPARγ axis
Authors: Kim Jihee , Ryu Gina , Seo Jeongmin , Go Miyeon , Kim Gyungmin , Yi Sol , Kim Suwon , Lee Hana , Lee June-Yong , Kim Han Sung , Park Min-Chan , Shin Dong Hae , Shim Hyunbo , Kim Wankyu , Lee Soo Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and irreversible degenerative joint disease that is characterized by cartilage destruction, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone remodeling, and synovitis. Despite affecting millions of patients, effective and safe disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs are lacking. Here we reveal an unexpected role for the small molecule 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in ulcerative colitis. We show that 5-ASA competes with extracellular-matrix collagen-II to bind to osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) on chondrocytes. Intra-articular 5-ASA injections ameliorate OA generated by surgery-induced medial-meniscus destabilization in male mice. Significantly, this effect is also observed when 5-ASA was administered well after OA onset. Moreover, mice with DMM-induced OA that are treated with 5-ASA at weeks 8–11 and sacrificed at week 12 have thicker cartilage than untreated mice that were sacrificed at week 8. Mechanistically, 5-ASA reverses OSCAR-mediated transcriptional repression of PPARγ in articular chondrocytes, thereby suppressing COX-2-related inflammation. It also improves chondrogenesis, strongly downregulates ECM catabolism, and promotes ECM anabolism. Our results suggest that 5-ASA could serve as a DMOAD.
Room-temperature sub-100 nm Néel-type skyrmions in non-stoichiometric van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3-xGaTe2 with ultrafast laser writability
Authors: Li Zefang , Zhang Huai , Li Guanqi , Guo Jiangteng , Wang Qingping , Deng Ying , Hu Yue , Hu Xuange , Liu Can , Qin Minghui , Shen Xi , Yu Richeng , Gao Xingsen , Liao Zhimin , Liu Junming , Hou Zhipeng , Zhu Yimei , Fu Xuewen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRealizing room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnets offers unparalleled prospects for future spintronic applications. However, due to the intrinsic spin fluctuations that suppress atomic long-range magnetic order and the inherent inversion crystal symmetry that excludes the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, achieving room-temperature skyrmions in 2D magnets remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we target room-temperature 2D magnet Fe3GaTe2 and unveil that the introduction of iron-deficient into this compound enables spatial inversion symmetry breaking, thus inducing a significant Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction that brings about room-temperature Néel-type skyrmions with unprecedentedly small size. To further enhance the practical applications of this finding, we employ a homemade in-situ optical Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate ultrafast writing of skyrmions in Fe3-xGaTe2 using a single femtosecond laser pulse. Our results manifest the Fe3-xGaTe2 as a promising building block for realizing skyrmion-based magneto-optical functionalities.
Acoustic spin rotation in heavy-metal-ferromagnet bilayers
Authors: Cao Yang , Ding Hao , Zuo Yalu , Li Xiling , Zhao Yibing , Li Tong , Lei Na , Cao Jiangwei , Si Mingsu , Xi Li , Jia Chenglong , Xue Desheng , Yang Dezheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThrough pumping a spin current from ferromagnet into heavy metal (HM) via magnetization precession, parts of the injected spins are in-plane rotated by the lattice vibration, namely acoustic spin rotation (ASR), which manifests itself as an inverse spin Hall voltage in HM with an additional 90° difference in angular dependency. When reversing the stacking order of bilayer with a counter-propagating spin current or using HMs with an opposite spin Hall angle, such ASR voltage shows the same sign, strongly suggesting that ASR changes the rotation direction due to interface spin-orbit interaction. With the drift-diffusion model of spin transport, we quantify the efficiency of ASR up to 30%. The finding of ASR endows the acoustic device with an ability to manipulate spin, and further reveals a new spin-orbit coupling between spin current and lattice vibration.
Lattice oxygen activation and local electric field enhancement by co-doping Fe and F in CoO nanoneedle arrays for industrial electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Ye Pengcheng , Fang Keqing , Wang Haiyan , Wang Yahao , Huang Hao , Mo Chenbin , Ning Jiqiang , Hu Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical to renewable energy conversion technologies, but the structure-activity relationships and underlying catalytic mechanisms in catalysts are not fully understood. We herein demonstrate a strategy to promote OER with simultaneously achieved lattice oxygen activation and enhanced local electric field by dual doping of cations and anions. Rough arrays of Fe and F co-doped CoO nanoneedles are constructed, and a low overpotential of 277 mV at 500 mA cm−2 is achieved. The dually doped Fe and F could cooperatively tailor the electronic properties of CoO, leading to improved metal-oxygen covalency and stimulated lattice oxygen activation. Particularly, Fe doping induces a synergetic effect of tip enhancement and proximity effect, which effectively concentrates OH− ions, optimizes reaction energy barrier and promotes O2 desorption. This work demonstrates a conceptual strategy to couple lattice oxygen and local electric field for effective electrocatalytic water oxidation.
Unravelling the amorphous structure and crystallization mechanism of GeTe phase change memory materials
Authors: Wintersteller Simon , Yarema Olesya , Kumaar Dhananjeya , Schenk Florian M. , Safonova Olga V. , Abdala Paula M. , Wood Vanessa , Yarema Maksym 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe reversible phase transitions in phase-change memory devices can switch on the order of nanoseconds, suggesting a close structural resemblance between the amorphous and crystalline phases. Despite this, the link between crystalline and amorphous tellurides is not fully understood nor quantified. Here we use in-situ high-temperature x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and theoretical calculations to quantify the amorphous structure of bulk and nanoscale GeTe. Based on XAS experiments, we develop a theoretical model of the amorphous GeTe structure, consisting of a disordered fcc-type Te sublattice and randomly arranged chains of Ge atoms in a tetrahedral coordination. Strikingly, our intuitive and scalable model provides an accurate description of the structural dynamics in phase-change memory materials, observed experimentally. Specifically, we present a detailed crystallization mechanism through the formation of an intermediate, partially stable ‘ideal glass’ state and demonstrate differences between bulk and nanoscale GeTe leading to size-dependent crystallization temperature.
Charge-density wave mediated quasi-one-dimensional Kondo lattice in stripe-phase monolayer 1T-NbSe2
Authors: Liu Zhen-Yu , Jin Heng , Zhang Yao , Fan Kai , Guo Ting-Fei , Qin Hao-Jun , Zhu Lan-Fang , Yang Lian-Zhi , Zhang Wen-Hao , Huang Bing , Fu Ying-Shuang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe heavy fermion physics is dictated by subtle competing exchange interactions, posing a challenge to their understanding. One-dimensional (1D) Kondo lattice model has attracted special attention in theory, because of its exact solvability and expected unusual quantum criticality. However, such experimental material systems are extremely rare. Here, we demonstrate the realization of quasi-1D Kondo lattice behavior in a monolayer van der Waals crystal NbSe2, that is driven into a stripe phase via Se-deficient line defects. Spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and first-principles calculations indicate that the stripe-phase NbSe2 undergoes a novel charge-density wave transition, creating a matrix of local magnetic moments. The Kondo lattice behavior is manifested as a Fano resonance at the Fermi energy that prevails the entire film with a high Kondo temperature. Importantly, coherent Kondo screening occurs only in the direction of the stripes. Upon approaching defects, the Fano resonance exhibits prominent spatial 1D oscillations along the stripe direction, reminiscent of Kondo holes in a quasi-1D Kondo lattice. Our findings provide a platform for exploring anisotropic Kondo lattice behavior in the monolayer limit.
Gestational diabetes augments group B Streptococcus infection by disrupting maternal immunity and the vaginal microbiota
Authors: Mercado-Evans Vicki , Mejia Marlyd E. , Zulk Jacob J. , Ottinger Samantha , Hameed Zainab A. , Serchejian Camille , Marunde Madelynn G. , Robertson Clare M. , Ballard Mallory B. , Ruano Simone H. , Korotkova Natalia , Flores Anthony R. , Pennington Kathleen A. , Patras Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) is a pervasive perinatal pathogen, yet factors driving GBS dissemination in utero are poorly defined. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a complication marked by dysregulated immunity and maternal microbial dysbiosis, increases risk for GBS perinatal disease. Using a murine GDM model of GBS colonization and perinatal transmission, we find that GDM mice display greater GBS in utero dissemination and subsequently worse neonatal outcomes. Dual-RNA sequencing reveals differential GBS adaptation to the GDM reproductive tract, including a putative glycosyltransferase (yfhO), and altered host responses. GDM immune disruptions include reduced uterine natural killer cell activation, impaired recruitment to placentae, and altered maternofetal cytokines. Lastly, we observe distinct vaginal microbial taxa associated with GDM status and GBS invasive disease status. Here, we show a model of GBS dissemination in GDM hosts that recapitulates several clinical aspects and identifies multiple host and bacterial drivers of GBS perinatal disease.
Etrolizumab-s fails to control E-Cadherin-dependent co-stimulation of highly activated cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Wiendl Maximilian , Dedden Mark , Liu Li-Juan , Schweda Anna , Paap Eva-Maria , Ullrich Karen A.-M. , Hartmann Leonie , Wieser Luisa , Vitali Francesco , Atreya Imke , Müller Tanja M. , Günther Claudia , Atreya Raja , Neurath Markus F. , Zundler Sebastian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite promising preclinical and earlier clinical data, a recent phase III trial on the anti-β7 integrin antibody etrolizumab in Crohn’s disease (CD) did not reach its primary endpoint. The mechanisms leading to this outcome are not well understood. Here we characterize the β7+ T cell compartment from patients with CD in comparison to cells from individuals without inflammatory bowel disease. By flow cytometric, transcriptomic and functional profiling of circulating T cells, we find that triple-integrin-expressing (α4+β7+β1hi) T cells have the potential to home to the gut despite α4β7 blockade and have a specific cytotoxic signature. A subset of triple-integrin-expressing cells readily acquires αE expression and could be co-stimulated via E-Cadherin-αEβ7 interactions in vitro. Etrolizumab-s fails to block such αEβ7 signalling at high levels of T cell stimulation. Consistently, in CD patients treated with etrolizumab, T cell activation correlates with cytotoxic signatures. Collectively, our findings might add one important piece to the puzzle to explain phase III trial results with etrolizumab, while they also highlight that αEβ7 remains an interesting target for future therapeutic approaches in inflammatory bowel disease.