bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-field enhancement by waveguide-plasmon polaritons in a nonlocal metasurface
Authors: Zang Xiaorun , Shevchenko Andriy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Localized surface plasmons in metal nanoparticles are widely used in nano-optics to confine and enhance optical fields. It has been previously shown that, if the nanoparticles are distributed periodically, an additional enhancement can be achieved by coupling the localized surface plasmons to the diffraction orders of the lattice, forming surface lattice resonances. In this work, we study an even further improvement of the near-field enhancement by placing a metal-dielectric slab waveguide beneath the lattice of the particles to excite coupled waveguide-plasmon polaritons. These excitations can extend over many periods of the lattice, making the metasurface highly nonlocal. We numerically demonstrate that the approach can provide a significant extra increase in the near-field intensity—by a factor of 80 over that produced by a single-particle plasmon resonance and by 7 over the lattice-resonance enhancement. The described enhancement mechanism can be used to design extraordinarily efficient nonlocal optical metasurfaces for many applications, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and solar energy harvesting.
Electrical resistivity and the Hall effect in the doped Mott-Hubbard material with strong spin-charge coupling
Authors: Korovushkin Maxim M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The kinetic characteristics of the doped Mott-Hubbard material are considered within the realistic spin-fermion model which takes into account the strong spin-charge coupling. The kinetic equation constructed on the basis of the mechanism of carrier scattering on the spin fluctuations is solved using the multi-moment method, which allows one to analyze the temperature behavior of nonequilibrium distribution function in the problems of electrical resistivity ρ and the Hall coefficient R

H
. The calculated dependences ρ(T) and R

H
(T) for the underdoped and optimally doped regimes demonstrate good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. In particular, the Hall coefficient calculated for the underdoped regime reproduces the experimentally observed sharp drop and even a change in sign at low temperatures.
A deep dive into structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of ATiO3 (A = Ba, Th): DFT insights
Authors: Solayman Md , Islam Md Rafiqul , Sarker Md Amran , Sharme Razia Khan , Momin Md Al , Islam Md Rasidul , Khan Asif Abdullah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Different physical characteristics (structural, optical, electronic, and mechanical) of ThTiO3 were explored using DFT and compared to BaTiO3. ThTiO3 has been determined to be mechanically and thermodynamically stable based on the simulation results, which were validated using the Born stability criteria and formation energy. Furthermore, a significant modification in the traits of ThTiO3 has been revealed compared to BaTiO3. For example, after the complete substitution of Ba by Th, in the case of GGA-PBE, the band gap increases from 1.82 eV to 3.37 eV, while in the case of HSE-06, it increases from 3.254 eV to 4.21 eV, also converting from indirect to direct bandgap. Not only that, but ThTiO3 has become an n-type degenerate semiconductor from a conventional semiconductor, which assures potential applications in tunnel diodes, high-frequency transistors, photocatalysts, etc. ThTiO3 is an appropriate material for capacitors, optoelectronic, and high k nanoelectronics devices based on the high dielectric constant value, which is higher than BaTiO3. Moreover, with Th substitution, BaTiO3 transitioned from brittle to ductile, which ensures its suitability for industrial machining processes. Furthermore, this substitution also improved the material’s anisotropic behavior, as the Zener Anisotropy value for ThTiO3 is also higher than BaTiO3. We believe this investigation will open another door in the field of materials for microelectronics and optoelectronics enthusiasts.
The Brukner-Zeilinger invariants in terms of (N, M) − POVMs
Authors: Tang Liang , Wu Fan , Mo Zhi-wen , Bai Ming-qiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Brukner–Zeilinger invariants, including invariant information and invariant uncertainty, play a remarkable role in quantum information theory. Recently, a broad class of symmetric informationally complete measurements is presented, which contains a general symmetrical information complete POVMs and mutually unbiased measurements (2022, Phys. Rev. A
105, 042 209). Based on this important measurement and variance, we further analyze the internal relationship between Brukner–Zeilinger invariants in detail. The results maybe provide a method to explain the importance of Brukner–Zeilinger invariants.
Decay of ALP condensates via gravitation-induced resonance
Authors: Brandenberger Robert , Kamali Vahid , Ramos Rudnei O. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Oscillating scalar field condensates induce small amplitude
oscillations of the Hubble parameter which can induce a decay of the
condensate due to a parametric resonance instability [1]. We
show that this instability can lead to the decay of the coherence of
the condensate of axion-like particle (ALP) fields during the
radiation phase of standard cosmology for rather generic ALP parameter
values, with possible implications for certain experiments aiming to search
for ALP candidates. As an example, we study the application of this
instability to the QCD axion. We also study the magnitude of the
induced entropy fluctuations.
An Analysis of the Fragmentation of Observing Time At the Muztagh-Ata Site
Authors: Gu Wen-Bo , Xu Jing , Feng Guo-Jie , Zhang Xuan , Wang Le-Tian , Wang Xin-Liang , Esamdin Ali , Shen Li-Xian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cloud cover plays a pivotal role in assessing observational conditions for astronomical site-testing. Except for the fraction of observing time, its fragmentation also wields a significant influence on the quality of nighttime sky clarity. In this article, we introduce the function

Γ
∈

0
,
1

, designed to comprehensively capture both the fraction of available observing time and its continuity. Leveraging in situ measurement data gathered at the Muztagh-Ata site between 2017 and 2021, we showcase the effectiveness of our approach. The statistical result illustrates that the Muztagh-Ata site affords approximately 122 nights that were absolutely clear and 205 very good nights annually, corresponding to Γ ≥ 0.9 and Γ ≥ 0.36 respectively.
Investigation of alpha-particle transport by Alfvén eigenmodes in CFETR using a simplified diffusion model
Authors: Ren Zhen-Zhen , Fu G.Y. , Shen Wei , Chen Yang , Yang Jin-Hong , Wang Wei-Hua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze the alpha particle transport induced by Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) based on the latest design of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). Firstly, the stability of AEs is analyzed in order to understand the physical characteristics of AEs in CFETR with latest design parameters. AEs driven by alpha particles are analyzed using the gyrokinetic ion/fluid electron hybrid code GEM. The transport of alpha particles is investigated using a reduced energetic particle transport model based on the resonance broadened quasi-linear model. GEM results show that AEs with many toroidal mode numbers can be destabilized simultaneously by alpha particles in CFETR, and the toroidal mode number of the most unstable mode is

n
=
8

. It is found that the excitation threshold of the alpha particle central beta for the

n
=
8

mode is substantially below the expected alpha particle beta value of CFETR. All these results indicate that AEs can be driven strongly in CFETR plasmas. Furthermore, simulation results using the reduced transport model show that, due to multiple unstable AEs, the alpha particle density decreases in the core and alpha particles are transported from the core region (

r

/

a
<
0.35

) to the outer region (

r

/

a
>
0.35

). In addition, we find that the minimum value of the safety factor

q

min

and the central beta value of alpha particle have significant effects on the alpha particle transport, and the AE-induced alpha particle transport level becomes lower with smaller linear growth rates. Finally, it is found that the radial range of the redistributed alpha particle density profile depend on the

q

min

radial location.
Screening for cancer beyond recommended upper age limits: views and experiences of older people
Authors: Smith Jenna , Dodd Rachael H , Naganathan Vasi , Cvejic Erin , Jansen Jesse , Wallis Katharine , McCaffery Kirsten J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Internationally, screening programmes and clinical practice guidelines recommend when older adults should stop cancer screening using upper age limits, but it is unknown how older adults view these recommendations.

Objective
To examine older adults’ views and experiences about continuing or stopping cancer screening beyond the recommended upper age limit for breast, cervical, prostate and bowel cancer.

Design
Qualitative, semi-structured interviews.

Setting
Australia, telephone.

Subjects
A total of 29 community-dwelling older adults (≥70-years); recruited from organisation newsletters, mailing lists and Facebook advertisements.

Methods
Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically using Framework Analysis.

Results
Firstly, older adults were on a spectrum between trusting recommendations and actively deciding about cancer screening, with some who were uncertain. Secondly, participants reported limited in-depth discussions with health professionals about cancer screening. In primary care, discussions were focused on checking they were up to date with screening or going over results. Discussions mostly only occurred if older adults initiated themselves. Finally, participants had a socially- and self-constructed understanding of screening recommendations and potential outcomes. Perceived reasons for upper age limits were cost, reduced cancer risk or ageism. Risks of screening were understood in relation to their own social experiences (e.g. shared stories about friends with adverse outcomes of cancer treatment or conversations with friends/family about controversy around prostate screening).

Conclusions
Direct-to-patient information and clinician support may help improve communication about the changing benefit to harm ratio of cancer screening with increasing age and increase understanding about the rationale for an upper age limit for cancer screening programmes.
Imminent fall risk after fracture
Authors: Schene Merle R , Wyers Caroline E , Driessen Annemariek M H , Souverein Patrick C , Gemmeke Marle , van den Bergh Joop P , Willems Hanna C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Rationale
Adults with a recent fracture have a high imminent risk of a subsequent fracture. We hypothesise that, like subsequent fracture risk, fall risk is also highest immediately after a fracture. This study aims to assess if fall risk is time-dependent in subjects with a recent fracture compared to subjects without a fracture.

Methods
This retrospective matched cohort study used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD. All subjects ≥50 years with a fracture between 1993 and 2015 were identified and matched one-to-one to fracture-free controls based on year of birth, sex and practice. The cumulative incidence and relative risk (RR) of a first fall was calculated at various time intervals, with mortality as competing risk. Subsequently, analyses were stratified according to age, sex and type of index fracture.

Results
A total of 624,460 subjects were included; 312,230 subjects with an index fracture, matched to 312,230 fracture-free controls (71% females, mean age 70 ± 12, mean follow-up 6.5 ± 5 years). The RR of falls was highest in the first year after fracture compared to fracture-free controls; males had a 3-fold and females a 2-fold higher risk. This imminent fall risk was present in all age and fracture types and declined over time. A concurrent imminent fracture and mortality risk were confirmed.

Conclusion/Discussion
This study demonstrates an imminent fall risk in the first years after a fracture in all age and fracture types. This underlines the need for early fall risk assessment and prevention strategies in 50+ adults with a recent fracture.
Surviving Violence, Ambiguity and Oneself: The Experience of Child Protection Workers in Chile
Authors: Garcia-Meneses Javiera , Collins Mary Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The challenges of contemporary child welfare practice are well documented in many countries worldwide. The current study enhances this work by reporting the lived experiences of child welfare workers in Chile, who negotiate their practice in a strained political and organisational context. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the complexities of the survival strategies of these workers. Data were collected via multiple individual interviews and group workshop sessions with six workers of different Chilean National Service for Minors’ collaborating organisations. Through a constructivist grounded theory analysis, we identify three major complexities that shape and construct the strategies of survival that the Chilean child welfare workers deploy in a neo-liberalised labour context: (1) Surviving a violent labour context (precariousness and dehumanisation); (2) surviving labour ambiguities (fractures and resistance) and (3) surviving oneself (pain-filled and violence executors’ bodies). We discuss these findings in the context of the scholarly literature and offer implications for policy and macro practice to alter the work conditions of this professional field.
Human herpesvirus 6A and axonal injury before the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Grut Viktor , Biström Martin , Salzer Jonatan , Stridh Pernilla , Jons Daniel , Gustafsson Rasmus , Fogdell-Hahn Anna , Huang Jesse , Butt Julia , Lindam Anna , Alonso-Magdalena Lucia , Bergström Tomas , Kockum Ingrid , Waterboer Tim , Olsson Tomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Andersen Oluf , Nilsson Staffan , Sundström Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent research indicates that multiple sclerosis is preceded by a prodromal phase with elevated levels of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), a marker of axonal injury. The effect of environmental risk factors on the extent of axonal injury during this prodrome is unknown. Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) is associated with an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine if HHV-6A serostatus is associated with the level of sNfL in the multiple sclerosis prodrome, which would support a causative role of HHV-6A.
A nested case-control study was performed by crosslinking multiple sclerosis registries with Swedish biobanks. Individuals with biobank samples collected before the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis were included as cases. Controls without multiple sclerosis were randomly selected, matched for biobank, sex, sampling date and age. Serostatus of HHV-6A and Epstein-Barr virus was analysed with a bead-based multiplex assay. The concentration of sNfL was analysed with single molecule array technology. The association between HHV-6A serology and sNfL was assessed by stratified t-tests and linear regressions, adjusted for Epstein-Barr virus serostatus and sampling age. Within-pair ratios of HHV-6A seroreactivity and sNfL were calculated for each case and its matched control. To assess the temporal relationship between HHV-6A antibodies and sNfL, these ratios were plotted against the time to the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis and compared using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Samples from 519 matched case-control pairs were included. In cases, seropositivity of HHV-6A was significantly associated with the level of sNfL (+11%, 95% CI 0.2–24%, P = 0.045) and most pronounced in the younger half of the cases (+24%, 95% CI 6–45%, P = 0.007). No such associations were observed among the controls. Increasing seroreactivity against HHV-6A was detectable before the rise of sNfL (significant within-pair ratios from 13.6 years versus 6.6 years before the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis).
In this study, we describe the association between HHV-6A antibodies and the degree of axonal injury in the multiple sclerosis prodrome. The findings indicate that elevated HHV-6A antibodies both precede and are associated with a higher degree of axonal injury, supporting the hypothesis that HHV-6A infection may contribute to multiple sclerosis development in a proportion of cases.
Meanings of Aging in the Right Place for Older Clients of a Temporary Housing Program
Authors: Canham Sarah L , Weldrick Rachel , Mahmood Atiya , Patille Rachelle , Erisman Morgan Cruz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The concept of aging in place is acknowledged as the preference of older adults, yet without consideration of the intersections of diversity in later life, it is critiqued as unattainable, unrealistic, or even undesirable. This gave rise to the exploration of what is needed to age in the right place (AIRP). Building on existing research, we examined the meaning of AIRP to older adults (aged 55+ years) who have experienced homelessness.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted photovoice interviews with 11 residents of a temporary housing program in Metro Vancouver (Canada).

Results
Using thematic analysis, we organized meanings of AIRP according to (1) Where one lives—the physical and social environment, (2) Where one goes and what one does, and (3) How one feels in “the right place.”

Discussion and Implications
Participants meanings’ of AIRP are applied to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. That is, when basic needs of shelter are met, participants’ considerations of “the right place to age” extend beyond affordable housing to include feeling safe and comfortable in one’s home and neighborhood and having access to meaningful engagement and activities—both in vibrant urban districts and naturescapes—enabled by affordable transportation. Our examination of what AIRP means to this group of older adults broadens current conceptualizations. Given the increase in homelessness among older adults, it is imperative that policymakers and practitioners are cognizant of meanings of AIRP so diverse older adults can not only age in place, but can thrive in the right place.
The High Priest of Blind Zeal: Milton, Montelion and mockery
Authors: Prizeman Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A long-standing debate about the relationship between the poet John Milton and his nephew John Phillips has been undermined by inaccuracies in the bibliographical record and the failure of scholars to identify relevant passages in Phillips’s writings. This article brings new evidence with specific reference to A Satyr Against Hypocrites (1655), containing an overlooked attack upon Milton; the Montelion almanacs (1660, 1661, 1662), establishing that all were authored by Phillips, each containing disparaging remarks about Milton; and Don Juan Lamberto (1660–1), confirming Phillips’s authorship and revealing a hitherto unrecognized satirical attack upon Milton.
Impact of Opioid Use on the Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Prospective Longitudinal Follow-up Study
Authors: Riggott Christy , Fairbrass Keeley M , Selinger Christian P , Gracie David J , Ford Alexander C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Opioid use is increasingly prevalent amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but whether opioids have deleterious effects, or their use is merely linked with more severe disease, is unclear. We conducted a longitudinal follow-up study examining this issue.

Methods
Data on demographics, gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, quality of life, and opioid use were recorded at baseline. Data on healthcare use and adverse disease outcomes were obtained from a review of electronic medical records at 12 months. Characteristics at baseline of those using opioids and those who were not were compared, in addition to occurrence of flare, prescription of glucocorticosteroids, treatment escalation, hospitalization, or intestinal resection during the 12 months of follow-up.

Results
Of 1029 eligible participants, 116 (11.3%) were taking opioids at baseline. Medium (odds ratio [OR], 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-13.6) or high (OR, 8.03; 95% CI, 2.21-29.2) levels of somatoform symptom-reporting and use of antidepressants (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.34-4.84) or glucocorticosteroids (OR, 6.63; 95% CI, 2.26-19.5; P &lt; .01 for all analyses) were independently associated with opioid use. Following multivariate analysis, opioid users were significantly more likely to undergo intestinal resection (hazard ratio,  7.09; 95% CI, 1.63 to 30.9; P = .009), particularly when codeine or dihydrocodeine were excluded (hazard ratio, 42.9; 95% CI, 3.36 to 548; P = .004).

Conclusions
Opioid use in IBD is associated with psychological comorbidity and increased risk of intestinal resection, particularly in stronger formulations. Future studies should stratify the risk of individual opioids, so that robust prescribing algorithms can be developed and assess whether addressing psychological factors in routine IBD care could be an effective opioid avoidance strategy.
TLR7 activation of age-associated B cells mediates disease in a mouse model of primary Sjögren's disease
Authors: Punnanitinont Achamaporn , Kasperek Eileen M , Zhu Chengsong , Yu Guan , Miecznikowski Jeffrey C , Kramer Jill M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrimary Sjögren's disease (pSD) (also referred to as Sjögren's syndrome) is an autoimmune disease that primarily occurs in women. In addition to exocrine gland dysfunction, pSD patients exhibit B cell hyperactivity. B cell–intrinsic TLR7 activation is integral to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease that shares similarities with pSD. The role of TLR7-mediated B cell activation in pSD, however, remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that age-associated B cells (ABCs) were expanded in pSD and that TLR7-stimulated ABCs exhibited pathogenic features characteristic of disease. Our data revealed that ABC expansion and TLR7 expression were enhanced in a pSD mouse model in a Myd88-dependent manner. Splenocytes from pSD mice showed enhanced sensitivity to TLR7 agonism as compared with those derived from control animals. Sort-purified marginal zone B cells and ABCs from pSD mice showed enhanced inflammatory cytokine secretion and were enriched for antinuclear autoantibodies following TLR7 agonism. Finally, IgG from pSD patient sera showed elevated antinuclear autoantibodies, many of which were secreted preferentially by TLR7-stimulated murine marginal zone B cells and ABCs. These data indicate that pSD B cells are hyperresponsive to TLR7 agonism and that TLR7-activated B cells contribute to pSD through cytokine and autoantibody production. Thus, therapeutics that target TLR7 signaling cascades in B cells may have utility in pSD patients.