bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of gluten‐free craft beer: Impact of brewing process on quality attributes and consumer expectations for sensory properties
Authors: Cela Nazarena , Galgano Fernanda , Di Cairano Maria , Condelli Nicola , Scarpa Teresa , Marconi Ombretta , Alfeo Vincenzo , Perretti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo date, few studies investigated the differences between the two main gluten‐free (GF) brewing techniques, such as the use of enzymes and the use of unconventional GF grains in brewing, by consumer perspective. In this study a GF beer brewed with sorghum and quinoa, as brewing adjuncts, was compared to the enzymatic‐treated counterpart, in order to evaluate the effect of deglutinization treatment on physicochemical, volatile, and sensory characteristics of final beer. Moreover, the influence of brewing process and raw materials information on consumers' sensory perceptions, willingness to buy (WTB) and willingness to pay (WTP) was also investigated (n = 105 consumers), under blind (B), expected (E), and informed (I) conditions. The enzymatic‐treated sample showed comparable physicochemical attributes with the untreated counterpart, except for a significant reduction in color and foam stability (p < 0.05). Non‐significant difference between samples was found in the overall liking, WTB, and WTP mean scores in all three sensory test conditions (p > 0.05). The information about the deglutinization treatment had a negative impact on overall liking (p < 0.01), although WTP for both samples was significantly higher in the informed test than in blind condition (p < 0.05). Overall, Check‐All‐That‐Apply test results confirmed that the deglutinization treatment does not affect the beer sensory profile, even if the information about brewing ingredients and technologies may slightly influence the consumers' sensory perception. Therefore, this result proves that it is possible to produce a marketable GF beer, simply by partially replacing 40% of barley malt with unconventional GF grains, without using enzymes for gluten reduction purpose.
Comparison of 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks in hyperspectral image analysis of fruits applied to orange bruise detection
Authors: Pourdarbani Raziyeh , Sabzi Sajad , Zohrabi Reihaneh , García‐Mateos Ginés , Fernandez‐Beltran Ruben , Molina‐Martínez José Miguel , Rohban Mohammad H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advances in hyperspectral imaging (HSI) have demonstrated its ability to detect defects in fruit that may not be visible in RGB images. HSIs can be considered 3D images containing two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension. Therefore, the first question that arises is how to process this type of information, either using 2D or 3D models. In this study, HSI in the 550–900 nm spectral range was used to detect bruising in oranges. Sixty samples of Thompson oranges were subjected to a mechanical bruising process, and HSIs were taken at different time intervals: before bruising, and 8 and 16 h after bruising. The samples were then classified using two convolutional neural network (CNN) models, a shallow 7‐layer network (CNN‐7) and a deep 18‐layer network (CNN‐18). In addition, two different input processing approaches are used: using 2D information from each band, and using the full 3D data from each HSI. The 3D models were the most accurate, with 94% correct classification for 3D‐CNN‐18, compared to 90% for 3D‐CNN‐7, and less than 83% for the 2D models. Our study suggests that 3D HSI may be a more effective technique for detecting fruit bruising, allowing the development of a fast, accurate, and nondestructive method for fruit sorting.Practical ApplicationOrange bruises can reduce the market value of food, which is why the food processing industry needs to carry out quality inspections. An effective way to perform this inspection is by using hyperspectral images that can be processed with 2D or 3D models, either with deep or shallow neural networks. The results of the comparison performed in this work can be useful for the development of more accurate and efficient bruise detection methods for fruit inspection.
Drone audition for bioacoustic monitoring
Authors: Wang Lin , Clayton Michael , Rossberg Axel G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Multi‐rotor drones equipped with acoustic sensors have great potential for bioacoustically monitoring vocal species in the environment for biodiversity conservation. The bottleneck of this emerging technology is the ego‐noise from the rotating motors and propellers, which can completely mask the target sound and make sound recordings unusable for further analysis. The ego‐noise not only degrades the performance of bioacoustic monitoring but also impacts the behaviour of target species if the drone is too close to the target area. In this paper, we address this challenging problem by combining hardware and software solutions that minimize the impact of drone ego‐noise on bioacoustic monitoring.

To collect the target sound from the ground, we used a shotgun microphone recording system suspended underneath the drone body with a wire rope (steel fishing line) of length 2 m. The suspended rope puts a large distance between the drone and the recorder, reducing the propeller sound perceived by the microphone. The shotgun microphone enables the sound to be picked up from the ground effectively while rejecting the drone sound from above. We further developed a software solution that aims to automatically recognize the bird species from the bird call recording and we proposed a noise‐augmented training scheme to improve the robustness of bird recognition in the presence of strong drone noise.

We evaluated the performance of the system in a test problem of recognizing 20 bird species with in‐flight recordings, where a loudspeaker on the ground simulates bird calls. The recordings were obtained using a drone hovering at various altitudes ranging from 5 to 30 m. By combining the hardware and software solutions, the system recognizes birds robustly at an altitude of 30 m and signal‐to‐noise ratio −25 dB.

This demonstrates the feasibility of our drone audition system for bioacoustic monitoring. The proposed method overcomes a long‐standing bottleneck problem in drone audition and promises new applications of bioacoustic monitoring in research and management.
METTL3 promotes choriocarcinoma progression by activating the miR‐935/GJA1 pathway in an m6A‐dependent manner
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Shi Jianyong , Zheng Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emerging role of microRNA‐935 (miR‐935) in modulating cancer progression has been recognized. However, its role in regulating choriocarcinoma (CCA) development and progression remains unknown. The present work aims to reveal the effect of miR‐935 on CCA cell tumor properties and the related mechanism. The RNA expression of methyltransferase 3, N6‐adenosine‐methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3), miR‐935, and gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1) was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of GJA1, Ki67, and METTL3 was measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry assays. CCK‐8 and colony formation were used to analyze cell proliferation. Transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion. Angiogenesis was investigated by tube formation assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was used to determine miR‐935‐mediated effect on tumor formation in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull‐down assay were used to verify the relationship between miR‐935 and GJA1. MeRIP assay was used to analyze the m6A methylation of pri‐miR‐935. MiR‐935 expression was significantly upregulated in CCA tissues and cells when compared with control groups. MiR‐935 overexpression promoted CCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation and tumor tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, but miR‐935 knockdown showed the opposite effects. In addition, miR‐935 targeted GJA1 and mediated CCA cell tumor properties by negatively regulating GJA1 expression. METTL3 promoted miR‐935 maturation by inducing m6A methylation of pri‐miR‐935, and its overexpression contributed to CCA cell tumor properties through the regulation of miR‐935. METTL3 promoted choriocarcinoma progression by m6A‐dependently activating the miR‐935/GJA1 pathway.
Comparison of surgical outcomes of Carlevale sutureless scleral fixation and Artisan Aphakia intraocular lens
Authors: Van Severen V. , Maaijwee K. J. M. , Pennekamp C. W. A. , Feenstra H. M. A. , van Dijk E. H. C. , Lindstedt E. W. , Bamonte G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare intra‐ and postoperative results of sutureless scleral fixated Carlevale intraocular lens (IOL) with iris fixated Artisan IOL.MethodsMonocentre, retrospective analysis of refractive outcomes and intra‐ and postoperative complications of patients who received a Carlevale or Artisan IOL between January 2019 and March 2022.Results178 eyes of 169 patients were included (101 Carlevale and 77 Artisan IOLs). The standard follow‐up time was 1 month. Two statistically significant differences were found: in the deviation of the postoperative spherical equivalent of the refraction from the preoperative chosen IOL target (p = 0.019; mean deviation was −0.46 in the Carlevale and 0.08 in the Artisan group), and the number of eyes with complications between the Carlevale and Artisan groups (p = 0.003; 33 in the Carlevale and 42 in the Artisan group).ConclusionThe current study is the largest so far comparing both refractive outcomes and complications after implantation of Carlevale and Artisan IOL. The Carlevale IOL does not carry a greater complication risk on the short‐term follow‐up. This provides additional evidence that the Carlevale IOL has to be added to the armamentarium of the ophthalmic surgeon.
Liver biopsy for assessment of suspected drug‐induced liver injury in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis clinical trials: Expert consensus from the Liver Forum
Authors: Palmer Melissa , Kleiner David E. , Goodman Zachary , Brunt Elizabeth , Avigan Mark I. , Regev Arie , Hayashi Paul H. , Lewis James H. , Mehta Ruby , Harrison Stephen A. , Siciliano Massimo , McWherter Charles A. , Vuppalanchi Raj , Behling Cynthia , Miller Veronica , Chalasani Naga , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryBackgroundCausality assessment of suspected drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) during metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) clinical trials can be challenging, and liver biopsies are not routinely performed as part of this evaluation. While the field is moving away from liver biopsy as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, information not identified by non‐invasive testing may be provided on histology.AimTo address the appropriate utilisation of liver biopsy as part of DILI causality assessment in this setting.MethodsFrom 2020 to 2022, the Liver Forum convened a series of webinars on issues pertaining to liver biopsy during MASH trials. The Histology Working Group was formed to generate a series of consensus documents addressing these challenges. This manuscript focuses on liver biopsy as part of DILI causality assessment.ResultsExpert opinion, guidance and recommendations on the role of liver biopsy as part of causality assessment of suspected DILI occurring during clinical trials for a drug(s) being developed for MASH are provided. Lessons learned from prior MASH programs are reviewed and gaps identified.ConclusionsAlthough there are no pathognomonic features, histologic evaluation of suspected DILI during MASH clinical trials may alter patient management, define the pattern and severity of injury, detect findings that favour a diagnosis of DILI versus MASH progression, identify prognostic features, characterise the clinicopathological phenotype of DILI, and/or define lesions that influence decisions about trial discontinuation and further development of the drug.
Effect of machine learning‐guided haemodynamic optimization on postoperative free flap perfusion in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery: A study protocol
Authors: Pražetina Marko , Šribar Andrej , Sokolović Jurinjak Irena , Matošević Jelena , Peršec Jasminka 
Published: October 2023

AimsIntraoperative hypotension and liberal fluid haemodynamic therapy are associated with postoperative medical and surgical complications in maxillofacial free flap surgery. The novel haemodynamic parameter hypotension prediction index (HPI) has shown good performance in predicting hypotension by analysing arterial pressure waveform in various types of surgery. HPI‐based haemodynamic protocols were able to reduce the duration and depth of hypotension. We will try to determine whether haemodynamic therapy based on HPI can improve postoperative flap perfusion and tissue oxygenation by improving intraoperative mean arterial pressure and reducing fluid infusion.MethodsWe present here a study protocol for a single centre, randomized, controlled trial (n = 42) in maxillofacial patients undergoing free flap surgery. Patients will be randomized into an intervention or a control group. In the intervention, group haemodynamic optimization will be guided by machine learning algorithm and functional haemodynamic parameters presented by the HemoSphere platform (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA), most importantly, HPI. Tissue oxygen saturation of the free flap will be monitored noninvasively by near‐infrared spectroscopy during the first 24 h postoperatively. The primary outcome will be the average value of tissue oxygen saturation in the first 24 h postoperatively.
Can penalties for environmental violations deter firms from engaging in greenwashing?
Authors: Li Ruiqian , Zhong Ma , Shahab Yasir 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPreventing firms from engaging in greenwashing is a topic of significant theoretical and practical interest. This study examines the impact of penalties for environmental violations (PEVs) on mitigating greenwashing using a dataset of firms listed on China's A‐share market operating in heavily polluting industries from 2014 to 2020. We also examine how firm‐level characteristics moderate the relationship between PEVs and greenwashing. Our results demonstrate that PEVs can deter firms from engaging in greenwashing and that this negative effect is more pronounced for firms with greater financial slack, effective internal controls and political connections. Additional analysis indicates that PEVs have a negative effect on greenwashing for firms in the growth and mature stages but not for firms in the ‘shake‐out’ stage, and that there is a deterrence effect. Our findings have important implications for mitigating greenwashing behaviours through collaboration between governments and firms.
Triassic temporal and spatial migration of the provenance along the South Ordos Basin: Insights into the tectonic evolution of Eastern Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Xu Yanhua , He Dengfa , Li Di , Huang Hanyu , Cheng Xiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClarifying the role of mountain‐building processes in the filling history of large hinterland basins is an essential aspect of basin–mountain system research. We consider the case of the Triassic South Ordos Basin (SOB) to clarify these points. Located in the south‐western North China Block (NCB), the SOB which preserves the most complete Triassic deposition on the north of the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QB) is crucial for understanding the detailed tectonic processes of the QB. Sedimentological, petrological and zircon U–Pb geochronological signatures from the three parts (eastern, central and western) in the SOB indicate that the sediment source migrated both temporally and spatially. Stratigraphic correlation identified two fluvial progradational episodes from south to north in the fluvial–deltaic–lacustrine sedimentary system, one in the eastern SOB and the other in the central SOB. The Late Triassic detrital zircons in the central SOB with distinguishing Neoproterozoic ages were derived from the southern margin of the NCB and the QB. The western SOB exhibited the sediment source shifted from pre‐Triassic North Qilian Belt sedimentary cover to basement from the Middle‐to‐Late Triassic based on a zircon age transition from ca. 2000 to ca. 430 Ma. Late Triassic sediment sources also included the southern margin of the NCB and the QB. Differing provenances from east to west were also confirmed using thin section and heavy mineral analyses. Regional comparisons of zircon age distributions in the eastern SOB with published data indicate that detritus from the QB was first transported to the eastern SOB and then to the central and western SOB. Spatiotemporal changes in the sediment source and sedimentary filling transitions in the three parts of the SOB suggest that the QB underwent asynchronous uplift that began in the east during the Early Triassic and propagated westward, reaching its maximum extent in the early Late Triassic.
Generalizability of the effectiveness of a preschool mathematics intervention for low‐socioeconomic status Turkish children
Authors: Karakuş Hilal , Starkey Prentice , Akman Berrin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA socioeconomic status (SES)‐related achievement gap in mathematics emerges in children from many countries before school entry, persists in primary school, and imposes challenges for education systems worldwide. In response, the United Nations' sustainable development goals include universal access to quality preschool education to support universal numeracy. A generalizability study of the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention was conducted for low‐SES Turkish preschool children (33 boys, 27 girls; Mage = 4.32). Classrooms were randomly assigned to treatment (Pre‐K Mathematics) or control conditions. Children's early mathematical knowledge was assessed by the Child Math Assessment. A statistically significant positive impact was found (ES = 1.32). This indicates some generalizability of the intervention and supports the feasibility of using early intervention to achieve UN goals.
Influence of interactive effects on long‐term population trajectories in multispecies reintroductions
Authors: Moseby Katherine E. , Read John L. , Tuft Katherine , Van der Weyde Leanne K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractReintroduced populations are typically considered to progress through establishment, growth, and regulatory phases. However, most reintroduction programs do not monitor intensively enough to test this conceptual model. We studied population indices derived from track activity of 4 threatened species (greater bilby [Macrotis lagotis], burrowing bettong [Bettongia lesueur], greater stick‐nest rat [Leporillus conditor], and Shark Bay bandicoot [Perameles bougainville]) over 23 years after multiple reintroductions of each species in arid Australia. We compared population trajectories among species and investigated the effect of time and environmental variables. All species bred immediately after release, and the growth phase lasted 3–16 years, varying markedly among but not within species. The end of the growth phase was characterized by an obvious peak in population density followed by either a catastrophic decline and sustained low density (bettongs), a slow decline to extirpation after 20 years (stick‐nest rat), or a slight decline followed by irregular fluctuations (bilby and bandicoot). Minor fluctuations were related to environmental variables, including 12‐month cumulative rainfall and lagged summer maximum temperatures. Three of the 4 species did not reach a regulation phase, even after 23 years, possibly due to interspecific competition and trophic cascades triggered by predator removal and multispecies reintroductions. Bilbies and bandicoots exhibited a second growth phase 18 years after reintroduction, likely caused by high rainfall and increased resources following the population crash of overabundant bettongs. Our results suggest that assemblages within multispecies reintroductions demonstrate high variability in population trajectories due to interactive effects. Intensive monitoring to assess population viability may require decades, particularly where multiple species are reintroduced, release sites are confined, and the climate is unpredictable. Intensive monitoring also allows for adaptive management to prevent precipitous population declines. Practitioners should not assume reintroduced species pass through predictable postrelease population phases or that viability is assured after a certain period.
A joint hierarchical cross‐attention graph convolutional network for multi‐modal facial expression recognition
Authors: Xu Chujie , Du Yong , Wang Jingzi , Zheng Wenjie , Li Tiejun , Yuan Zhansheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEmotional recognition in conversations (ERC) is increasingly being applied in various IoT devices. Deep learning‐based multimodal ERC has achieved great success by leveraging diverse and complementary modalities. Although most existing methods try to adopt attention mechanisms to fuse different information, these methods ignore the complementarity between modalities. To this end, the joint cross‐attention model is introduced to alleviate this issue. However, multi‐scale feature information on different modalities is not utilized. Moreover, the context relationship plays an important role in feature extraction in the expression recognition task. In this paper, we propose a novel joint hierarchical graph convolution network (JHGCN) which exploits different layer features and context relationships for facial expression recognition based on audio‐visual (A‐V) information. Specifically, we adopt different deep networks to extract features from different modalities individually. For V modality, we construct V graph data based on patch embeddings which are extracted from the transformer encoder. Moreover, we embed the graph convolution which can leverage the intra‐modality relationships with the transformer encoder. Then, the deep feature from different layers is fed to the hierarchical fusion module to enhance feature representation. At last, we use the joint cross‐attention mechanism to exploit the complementary inter‐modality relationships. To validate the proposed model, we have conducted various experiments on the AffWild2 and CMU‐MOSI datasets. All results confirm that our proposed model achieves highly promising performance compared to the joint cross‐attention model and other methods.
Leukocyte cell‐derived chemotaxin 2 correlates with pediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Paine‐Cabrera Diego , Harvey Lisa K. , Robarts Dakota R. , Pritchard Michele T. , Thyfault John , Weinman Steven A. , Apte Udayan , Slowik Voytek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), newly renamed metabolic dysfunction‐associated liver disease (MASLD), is a leading cause of liver disease in children and adults. There is a paucity of data surrounding potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, especially in pediatric NAFLD. Leukocyte cell‐derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a chemokine associated with both liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Our aim was to determine associations between LECT2 and common clinical findings of NAFLD in pediatric patients. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum LECT2 concentrations in children (aged 2–17 years) with and without NAFLD. LECT2 concentrations were then correlated to clinical parameters in NAFLD. Mean LECT2 was significantly elevated in children with NAFLD versus healthy controls (n = 63 vs. 42, 5.83 ± 1.98 vs. 4.02 ± 2.02 ng/mL, p < 0.005). Additionally, LECT2 had strong correlations with body mass index (BMI) (Pearson r = 0.301, p = 0.002). A LECT2 concentration of 3.76 mg/mL predicts NAFLD with a sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 54.8%. Principal component analysis and logistic regression models further confirmed associations between LECT2 and NAFLD status. This study demonstrates increased serum LECT2 concentrations in pediatric NAFLD, which correlates with BMI and shows strong predictive value within these patients. Our data indicate that LECT2 is a potential diagnostic biomarker of disease and should be further investigated in pediatric as well as adult NAFLD.