bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sterol glycosides and cerebrosides accumulate in Pichia pastoris, Rhynchosporium secalis and other fungi under normal conditions or under heat shock and ethanol stress
Authors: Sakaki Takeshi , Zähringer Ulrich , Warnecke Dirk C. , Fahl Annette , Knogge Wolfgang , Heinz Ernst 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe occurrence of glycolipids such as sterol glycosides, acylated sterol glycosides, cerebrosides and glycosyldiacylglycerols was examined in the three yeast species Candida albicans, Pichia pastoris and Pichia anomala, as well as in the six fungal species Sordaria macrospora, Pyrenophora teres, Ustilago maydis, Acremonium chrysogenum, Penicillium olsonii and Rhynchosporium secalis. Cerebroside was found in all organisms tested, whereas acylated sterol glycosides and glycosyldiacylglycerols were not found in any organism. Sterol glycosides were detected in P. pastoris strain GS115, U. maydis, S. macrospora and R. secalis. This glycolipid occurred in both yeast and filamentous forms of U. maydis but in neither form of C. albicans. This suggests that sterol glycoside is not correlated with the separately grown dimorphic forms of these organisms. Cerebrosides and sterol glycosides from P. pastoris and R. secalis were purified and characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The cerebrosides are β‐glucosyl ceramides consisting of a saturated α‐hydroxy or non‐hydroxy fatty acid and a Δ4,8‐diunsaturated, C9‐methyl‐branched sphingobase. Sterol glycoside from P. pastoris was identified as ergosterol‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, whereas the sterol glucosides from R. secalis contain two derivatives of ergosterol. The biosynthesis of sterol glucoside in P. pastoris CBS7435 and GS115 depended on the culture conditions. The amount of sterol glucoside in cells grown in complete medium was much lower than in cells from minimal medium and a strong increase in the content of sterol glucoside was observed when cells were subjected to stress conditions such as heat shock or increased ethanol concentrations. From these data we suggest that, in addition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, new yeast and fungal model organisms should be used to study the physiological functions of glycolipids in eukaryotic cells. This suggestion is based on the ubiquitous and frequent occurrence of cerebrosides and sterol glycosides, both of which are rarely detected in S. cerevisiae. We suggest P. pastoris and two plant pathogenic fungi to be selected for this approach. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional isolation of the Candida albicansFCR3 gene encoding a bZip transcription factor homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yap3p
Authors: Yang Xianshu , Talibi Driss , Weber Sandra , Poisson Guylaine , Raymond Martine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have isolated a C. albicans gene, named FCR3 (for fluconazole resistance 3), based upon its ability to suppress the FCZ hypersusceptibility of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain (JY312) lacking the transcription factors Pdr1p and Pdr3p. The FCR3 ORF (1200 bp) encodes a 399 amino acid protein containing a basic leucine zipper (bZip) domain. Fcr3p displays the highest level of sequence homology with the S. cerevisiae Yap3p protein (34% identity, 45% similarity). We had previously shown that deletion of the PDR5 gene encoding a multidrug transporter completely abolished the ability of FCR3 to suppress the FCZ hypersusceptibility of JY312, suggesting that FCR3 confers FCZ resistance by activating PDR5 expression. We show here that the β‐galactosidase activity of a PDR5 promoter–lacZ construct in JY312 is increased two‐fold upon FCR3 overexpression, demonstrating that FCR3 regulates PDR5 at the transcriptional level. We also show that FCR3 overexpression not only suppresses the hypersusceptibility of JY312 to 4‐nitroquinoline‐N‐oxide (4‐NQO) but also confers higher levels of resistance to this compound as compared to the wild‐type KY320 strain. Since PDR5 is not involved in 4‐NQO resistance, this result indicates that FCR3 can also activate the transcription of other genes that can confer 4‐NQO resistance. Finally, Northern blot analysis indicates that FCR3 encodes a single 2.4 kb RNA transcript in C. albicans, suggesting that the FCR3 mRNA contains long 5′ and/or 3′ untranslated regions. The nucleotide sequence of the FCR3 gene has been deposited at GenBank under Accession No. AF342983. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior of captive Bulwer’s wattled pheasants, Lophura bulweri (Galliformes: Phasianidae)
Authors: Rowden John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBulwer’s wattled pheasant (Lophura bulweri) have traditionally been housed in pairs in captivity, although it is unknown whether monogamy is the species’ natural mating system. In 1998 we placed our group of 3.3 L. bulweri together in a complex outdoor habitat, in order to investigate several questions. These included whether monogamous pairing was the natural mating system for the species, how the new grouping would affect their behavior, and what microhabitats the individuals preferred within the complex habitat. Initially, all six individuals remained in the same enclosure without conflict. After a period of approximately 6 weeks, 2.1 of these individuals were removed for their safety, due to increasingly aggressive interactions. The data we collected indicate that the species may have an exploded lek type of mating system in the wild and that individuals may flock together in the nonbreeding season. In addition, males and females seem to prefer different types of shade regimes. These results suggest ways to improve husbandry and breeding success of the species in captivity. Zoo Biol 20:15–25, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prospective evaluation of tunnel enlargement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings: extracortical versus anatomical fixation
Authors: Buelow J.‐U. , Siebold R. , Ellermann A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChanges in the femoral and tibial bone tunnel were studied prospectively after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring autograft. To determine whether tunnel enlargement can be decreased by fixing the graft close to the joint line having a stiffer fixation construct we compared “anatomical” (one absorbable interference screw femorally, and bicortical fixation with two absorbable interference screws tibially) and extracortical fixation techniques (Endobutton femorally, and two no. 6 Ethibond sutures over a suture washer tibially). Over a 2‐year period we evaluated 60 patients clinically (IKDC scale, Cincinnati Knee Score, KT‐1000) and radiographically (confirmed by MRI). The operated knee was radiographed immediately postoperatively and 6 and 24 months postoperatively. The femoral and tibial bone tunnel diameter was measured on anteroposterior and lateral images, and the tunnel area was calculated and compared to the initial area calculated from the perioperative drill size. In the “anatomical” group the immediately postoperative bone tunnel area was 75% larger than the initial tunnel area, after 6 months it was increased another 31%, and between 6 and 24 months it remained basically unchanged. In the “extracortical” group there was no significant enlargement immediately postoperatively, but after 6 months it was 65% larger than the initial area of drill and graft size, and between 6 and 24 months it decreased to 47%. There was no correlation between the amount of tunnel enlargement and clinical scores or KT‐1000 measurement. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring autograft is associated with bone tunnel enlargement. Using a purely extracortical fixation technique thus significantly increased the tibial and femoral tunnel area during the first 6 postoperative months, while it decreased slightly thereafter. The insertion of large interference screws apparently not only compresses the graft in the bone tunnel but also significantly enlarges the bone tunnel itself. The immediate enlargement at the time of the operation is followed by a reduced further enlargement at 6 months and then stabilization. Tunnel widening did not influence clinical outcome over a 2‐year period.
Autonomic Nervous System and Gut‐derived Endotoxin: Involvement in Activation of Kupffer Cells after In Situ Organ Manipulation
Authors: Schemmer Peter , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Bradford Blair U. , Bunzendahl Hartwig , Raleigh James A. , Thurman Ronald G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGentle in situ organ manipulation rapidly causes disturbances in the hepatic microcirculation, hypoxia, and activation of Kupffer cells. Because the mechanisms of Kupffer cell activation after organ manipulation remain unclear, the possible role of the autonomic nervous system and gut‐derived endotoxin were assessed. To mimic what occurs with major abdominal surgery, livers from female Sprague‐Dawley rats (200–230 g) underwent minimal dissection for 12 minutes and were manipulated gently or were left alone for 13 subsequent minutes. Kupffer cells were activated 2 hours after manipulation, reflected by a significant increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) from about 90 nM in unmanipulated controls to more than 180 nM in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS 100 ng/ml). Furthermore, Kupffer cells from manipulated rats produced about threefold more tumor necrosis factor‐α after LPS (100 ng/ml) than did the unmanipulated controls. Moreover, O2 uptake of ex situ perfused liver was increased from about 110 μmol/g/hr in unmanipulated controls to more than 160 μmol/g/hr 2 hours after organ manipulation. Binding of pimonidazole (120 mg/kg IV), a 2‐nitroimidazole hypoxia marker given 2 hours after manipulation, increased about 2.5‐fold, and hepatic glycogen was depleted. Two hours after organ manipulation gut permeability to horseradish peroxidase was elevated and endotoxin in the portal venous blood was increased twofold. Microsurgical hepatic denervation, ganglionic blockade, adrenalectomy, and antibiotics to sterilize the gut before manipulation prevented activation of Kupffer cells by organ manipulation. Hexamethonium and adrenalectomy prevented increases in gut permeability caused by manipulation. Although antibiotics blunted the increase in portal venous endotoxin significantly, there was no effect on gut permeability. These data indicate for the first time that both the autonomic nervous system and gut‐derived endotoxin are involved in activation of Kupffer cells after organ manipulation.
Total or Subtotal Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma? A Study of Quality of Life
Authors: Davies Justin , Johnston David , Sue‐Ling Henry , Young Sheila , May John , Griffith John , Miller Glenn , Martin Iain 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare quality of life after total gastrectomy (TG) with that after subtotal gastrectomy (STG) for gastric carcinoma. The value of the routine use of TG de principe in the treatment of gastric carcinoma, wherever the tumor may be sited in the stomach, remains controversial. The advocates of TG contend that when it can be performed safely, with relatively low operative mortality and morbidity, it yields better long‐term survival than STG. Most surgeons, however, believe that the routine use of TG increases both operative mortality and morbidity and the risk of nutritional deficiency in the long term, without improving survival. TG may also be associated with poorer outcome in terms of quality of life (QOL), but the evidence for this is tenuous. Forty‐seven consecutive patients who had undergone potentially curative (R0) gastric resection for carcinoma were studied: 26 had undergone TG and 21 STG. A radical D2 lymph node dissection had been performed in each, and all patients were free from recurrence at the time of the study. QOL was measured before operation and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation by means of five questionnaires to measure functional outcome: the Rotterdam symptom checklist (RSCL), the Troidl index, the hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale, activities of daily living score, and Visick grades. Before operation there was no significant difference in QOL between the two groups of patients. At 1 year after operation, however, patients who had undergone STG had a significantly better QOL than patients who had undergone TG: Their median RSCL score was lower (10 versus 19 respectively, p < 0.05), and their Troidl index was higher (11 versus 9 respectively,p < 0.05). The QOL of patients who underwent STG was also significantly better after operation than it had been before operation, whereas the QOL of the TG group was not significantly better after operation than before operation. The QOL of patients was found to be significantly better after STG than after TG for gastric carcinoma. Because operative mortality is greater and long‐term survival is no better after TG than after STG, the latter is recommended as the treatment of choice for tumors of the distal stomach.
Intravascular Ultrasonography for Assessment of Portal Vein Invasion by Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Nakao Akimasa , Kaneko Tetsuya 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) was performed to diagnose portal vein invasion by pancreatic carcinoma. In 55 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, the intravascular ultrasonographic catheter was introduced during operation through a branch of the superior mesenteric vein into the intrahepatic portal vein. The catheter was gradually withdrawn, and the cross‐sectional images of the area under investigation were recorded. Altogether 45 patients underwent resection, and 34 underwent combined resection of the portal vein. The IVUS findings were compared with the histologic findings of the resected specimen, preoperative computed tomography (CT), and arterial portogram. The wall of the portal vein was visualized as an echogenic band with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. A subtle portal vein invasion can be detected by observing this portal vein wall. For the diagnosis of portal vein invasion, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of IVUS were 99.6%, 92.3%, and 94.5%, respectively. The equivalent values for portography were 79.3%, 61.5%, and 70.9%; and those for CT were 82.1%, 74.1%, and 78.1%. IVUS provides more valuable and accurate information on portal vein invasion by pancreatic carcinoma than either CT or portography.
Term Trees in Application to an Effective and Efficient ATPG for AND–EXOR and AND–OR Circuits
Authors: Jóźwiak Lech , Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Perkowski Marek 
Published: August 2002

A compact data representation, in which the typically required operations are performed rapidly, and effective and efficient algorithms that work on these representations are the essential elements of a successful CAD tool. The objective of this paper is to present a new data representation—term trees (TTs)—and to discuss its application for an effective and efficient structural automatic test‐pattern generation (ATPG). Term trees are decision diagrams similar to BDDs that are particularly suitable for structure representation of AND–OR and AND–EXOR circuits. In the paper, a flexible algorithm for minimum term‐tree construction is discussed and an effective and efficient algorithm for ATPG for AND–EXOR and AND–OR circuits is proposed.The term trees can be used for many other purposes in logic design and in other areas—for all purposes where compact representation and efficient manipulation of term sets is important. The presented experimental results show that term trees are indeed a compact data representation allowing fast manipulations. They form a good base for algorithms considering the function′s and circuit′s term structures.
Perceptions of fat content in meat products
Authors: Peterson Everett B. , Van Eenoo Edward , McGuirk Anya , Preckel Paul V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIndividuals, on average, tend to overestimate the amount of fat contained in meat products. Misperceptions of the fat content are greatest for pork products, averaging 11.1 percentage points higher than the actual fat content. The perceived percentage fat content of beef products averaged 6.6 points higher than actual. Fat perceptions also vary significantly across respondents. There are significant differences in median fat perceptions based on educational attainment, household type, household size, quantity of meat consumed, presence of children, and region of residence. If consumers with inaccurately high fat perceptions are concerned with the level of dietary fat intake, they may unnecessarily reduce their total meat consumption and/or substitute to meats that have lower perceived levels of fat. For those products that have relatively large and inaccurately high fat perceptions, consumer education programs may help increase market share. [EconLit Categories: D120, Q190]. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Age‐related pattern of body density and body composition in Japanese males and females, 11 and 18 years of age
Authors: Tahara Y. , Moji K. , Aoyagi K. , Nishizawa S. , Yukawa K. , Tsunawake N. , Muraki S. , Mascie‐Taylor C.G.N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe age‐related pattern of body density and body composition in Japanese males (n = 266) and females (n = 318), 11.00 to 18.99 years of age was studied. Body density (BD) as well as height, body weight, and seven skinfold thicknesses were measured. Percentage fat (%Fat) was calculated using the age‐ and sex‐specific equation of Lohman. Fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass (FFM), and the body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The trend for BD in males was lowest at 11 years (1.0530 g/ml) and increased to 1.0695 g/ml at 14 years, and then decreased slightly at 15 to 17 years. In female, BD decreased from 1.0530 g/ml at 13 years to 1.0424 g/ml at 17 years. Mean %Fat was highest in males at 11 years (15.8%), and lowest at 14 years (10.1%). The highest mean %Fat in females occurred at 16 years (22.8%), and the lowest at age 11 years (15.2%). Overall, only 6.8% of males and 3.1% of females were classified as obese. Between 11 and 18 years, FFM of males differed by 20.7 kg or 67.9%, whereas females showed a difference of only 10.8 kg or 34.7%. Consequently, age effects explained approximately 60% of the male variance of FFM but only 26% in females. Body density of each sex and age group in this study did not differ significantly from previous Japanese studies, and the pooled BD data for 1,457 Japanese including the present study are reported as a reference. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 14:327–337, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction by FISH analysis of the occurrence of Wilms tumor in aniridia patients
Authors: Muto Reiko , Yamamori Shunji , Ohashi Hirofumi , Osawa Makiko 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAniridia is an autosomal dominant eye anomaly caused by haploinsufficiency of the PAX6 gene, of which abnormalities include base alterations, position effects and deletions. When deletion involves its adjacent genes, i.e., those in the PAX6‐WT1 critical region (WTCR), patients are predisposed to Wilms tumor. We studied 18 patients with aniridia, five of whom had chromosome deletion involving 11p13, two a translocation t(10;11)(p13;p13) or a der(14;21)(q10;q10)mat, and 11 had a normal karyotype. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using four P1‐derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clones located at WTCR was carried out in the 18 patients to identify a deletion extent. Of the 18 patients, eight had a deletion of WTCR: four had microscopic deletion and four a deletion of WTCR. Deleted region in one patient with a microscopic deletion was distal to the critical region. Four of the eight patients with a deletion encompassing WTCR developed Wilms tumor, and the other four did not (two were too young to be evaluated for the tumor development). The data in the present study, together with four similar previous works, indicate that of a total of 102 aniridia patients, 29 had a deletion spanning WTCR. Wilms tumor developed in 13 (45%) of the 29 patients, whereas patients without deletion in this region did not develop the tumor. In other words, aniridia patients with WT1 deletion run a high risk of developing Wilms tumor, and those without the deletion do not. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PRINS, the other in situ DNA labeling method useful in cellular biology
Authors: Coullin Philippe , Roy Lydia , Pellestor Franck , Candelier Jean‐Jacques , Bed‐Hom Bertrand , Guillier‐Gencik Zuzana , Bernheim Alain 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPRINS has proven to be an attractive alternative to FISH for in situ DNA labeling. PRINS is specific, simple, and rapid. We review some applications of PRINS involving primers specific for telomeric, human Alu, and centromeric alpha‐satellite sequences. Bicolor labeling, PRINS‐FISH, or PRINS‐immunofluorescent combinations have been developed to enable investigations in numerous applications. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonin 2a receptor T102C polymorphism and impaired impulse control
Authors: Bjork James M. , Moeller F. Gerard , Dougherty Donald M. , Swann Alan C. , Machado Mirta A. , Hanis Craig L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients homozygous for the C allele of the T102C serotonin (5‐HT) 2a receptor polymorphism have shown increased suicidal ideation or behavior in some reports, but not in others. We conducted a pilot investigation to determine whether this polymorphism might relate more specifically to a dimension of impaired impulse control, which may underlie only a portion of suicides. Rates of commission (impulsive) errors in a variant of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) were compared across the genotypes of the T102C polymorphism in adults recruited from the community. The 102C/102C genotype was jointly associated with a greater incidence of past mood disorder or substance‐use disorder, as well as significantly more commission errors compared to the 102T/102C and 102C/102C genotypes. These preliminary data suggest that the T102C 5‐HT2a receptor polymorphism may be a marker for impaired behavior control—perhaps in the context of psychiatric disorder history. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sister and brother with Vici syndrome: Agenesis of the corpus callosum, albinism, and recurrent infections
Authors: Chiyonobu Tomohiro , Yoshihara Takao , Fukushima Yoko , Yamamoto Yasutoshi , Tsunamoto Kentaro , Nishimura Yasutaka , Ishida Hiroyuki , Toda Tatsushi , Kasubuchi Yasuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sister and brother with Vici syndrome are described. They both had oculocutaneous albinism, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy. They were born to healthy unrelated parents, and had postnatal growth retardation, profound developmental delay, hypotonia, and cataracts. The sister had recurrent infections, and died of progressive heart failure at age 19 months. The brother is alive at age six months with mild cardiomyopathy, and had a single episode of acute bronchitis at age three months. Review of the clinical manifestations of the sibs we described and six children reported in the literature indicates that Vici syndrome is a distinct clinical entity. Its main clinical manifestations include growth retardation, profound developmental delay, hypotonia, albinism, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, and recurrent infections. The occurrence of the syndrome in three pairs of sibs of both sexes born to unaffected parents supports autosomal recessive inheritance. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anticipation in migraine with affective psychosis
Authors: Kaiser Fawad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnticipation is the term given to the apparent occurrence of an inherited disorder at a progressively earlier age of onset in successive generations. A family of a mother and two children, a 17‐year‐old girl and a 13‐year‐old boy, all experienced migraine with affective psychosis. There is a strong genetic predisposition to the psychiatric disorder of affective psychosis along with a dominant pattern of migraine in the family, which suggests a genetic connection between migraine and affective psychosis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.